bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia presence impairs antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses through epigenetic reprogramming towards short-lived effectors
Authors: Martens Anne , Kavazovic Inga , Pack Su Min , Arens Ramon , Jongejan Aldo , Moerland Perry , Eldering Eric , der gerritje windt van , wensveen felix , Peters Fleur , Kater Arnon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
T-cell dysregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) associates with low response rates to autologous T cell-based therapies. How CLL affects antigen-specific T-cell responses remains largely unknown. We investigated (epi)genetic and functional consequences of antigen-specific T-cell responses in presence of CLL in vitro and in an adoptive-transfer murine model. Already at steady-state, antigen-experienced patient-derived T cells were skewed towards short-lived effector cells (SLEC) at the expense of memory-precursor effector cells (MPEC). Stimulation of these T cells in vitro showed rapid induction of effector genes and suppression of key memory transcription factors only in presence of CLL cells, indicating epigenetic regulation. This was investigated in vivo by following antigen-specific responses of naïve OT-I CD8+ cells to mCMV-OVA in presence/absence of TCL1 B-cell leukemia. Presence of leukemia resulted in increased SLEC formation, with disturbed inflammatory cytokine production. Chromatin and transcriptome profiling revealed strong epigenetic modifications, leading to activation of an effector and silencing of a memory profile through presence of CLL cells. Secondary challenge in vivo confirmed dysfunctional memory responses by antigen-experienced OT-I cells generated in presence of CLL. Altogether, we show that presence of CLL induces a short-lived effector phenotype and impaired memory responses by epigenetic reprogramming during primary responses.
Differential partitioning of key carbon substrates at the rumen wall by recently diverged Campylobacteraceae populations
Authors: Strachan Cameron , Yu Xiaoqian , Neubauer Viktoria , Mueller Anna , Wagner Martin , Zebeli Qendrim , Selberherr Evelyne , Polz Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
While the activities of different microbes in the rumen have been shown to modulate the host’s ability to utilize plant biomass, microbes colonizing the host-rumen interface have received little attention. Here, we show that highly abundant Campylobacteraceae on the rumen epithelia have recently diverged into two populations, one of which has become a sink for acetate, the main carbon source for the host. Genomic comparisons suggest that the populations were structured by genome-wide selective sweeps after which they acquired several specific adaptations. These include differential expression and domain duplication in acetate utilization genes, which led to the ability to grow on acetate but also to inhibition by propionate in one population. This metabolic trade-off also manifests itself in differential dynamics of the two populations in vivo. By exploring population-level adaptations that otherwise remain cryptic in culture independent analyses, our results highlight recent evolutionary dynamics with unexpected consequences for ruminant nutrition.
Growth plasticity of Gymnosperm trees did not avoid declining resilience to soil and atmospheric droughts during the 20th century
Authors: Zheng Tong , Martínez-Vilalta Jordi , García-Valdés Raúl , Gazol Antonio , Camarero J. Julio , Mencuccini Maurizio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Plasticity in response to environmental drivers can help trees cope with droughts. However, our understanding of the importance of plasticity and physiological adjustments in trees under global change is limited. We examine 20th century growth responses in Gymnosperm trees during (resistance) and following (resilience) years of severe soil and atmospheric droughts occurring in isolation or as compound events. We use high atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) to select years of atmospheric drought and negative annual values of the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to select years with a large negative balance between precipitation and evaporation. Sensitivities (i.e., the slopes of the relationships) of resilience to VPD and SPEI changed throughout the 20th century, with the directions of these changes often reversing in the second half of the century. For the 1951-2001 period, variable sensitivities had positive effects on resilience, especially following years of high VPD and compound VPD/SPEI events, avoiding growth losses that would have occurred if sensitivities had remained constant. Despite sensitivity changes, resilience recovered less at the end of the 20th century compared to the beginning of the century. Future adjustments to low SPEI and high VPD are likely to continue to compensate for the trends in climate only partially, leading to further generalised reductions in tree growth of Gymnosperm trees.
Transcriptomically unique endolysosomal and homeostatic microglia populations in Alzheimer’s Disease and aged human brain
Authors: Prater Katherine , Green Kevin , Mamde Sainath , Sun Wei , Sotelo Alexandra , Smith Carole , Chiou Kenneth , Heath Laura , Rose Shannon , Keene C. , Kwon Ronald , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Blue Elizabeth , Logsdon Benjamin , Young Jessica , Shojaie Ali , Garden Gwenn , Jayadev Suman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Microglia contribute to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression and are candidate therapeutic targets for disease modulation. Single cell transcriptomics demonstrate microglia adopt multiple phenotypes. However, identifying the human AD microglia profile was limited by small numbers. We employed fluorescence activated nuclei sorting prior to single-nucleus RNA-seq on human prefrontal cortices boosting the number of microglia analyzed per subject. We observed microglia subpopulations previously unrecognized in human brain and mapped their transcriptomic relationships by trajectory inference. We identified three clusters enriched for endolysosomal pathways, one of which showed differential expression of AD GWAS genes, in addition to genes implicated in nucleic acid detection and interferon signaling. We histologically demonstrated a microglia subpopulation with cytosolic nucleic acid and altered endolysosome morphology in AD tissue. Analysis of the “homeostatic” microglia cluster revealed a uniquely AD subpopulation. Our study demonstrates the value of deeply profiling microglia to explore the biological implications of microglia transcriptomic diversity.
Magnitude of Medicine Wastage and Perceived Contributing Factors Among Public Health Facilities in Dire Dawa City Administration, Eastern Ethiopia in COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia
Authors: Bedasa Abera , Abdurashid Neil , Argaw Kiber 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
World Health Organization refers medication waste as expired, unused, spilled, and contaminated pharmaceutical items, medications, vaccines, and sera. Budget constraints in financing the health care system together with huge amount of wastage and disposal costs of unused medications at LMIC create a serious risk to the economy, health care system and environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the rate of medication waste and to identify contributing factors in public health facilities in Dire-Dawa city.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was used with a qualitative study design from May 10 to June 10, 2021 at 2 public hospitals and 14 health centers. Self-administered questionnaires and data abstraction formats were used to obtain the quantitative data. In-depth interviews were used to obtain qualitative data. Excel sheets and SPSS version 20 were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.
Results
3.07% of medicines were wasted between 2010 and 2012 EFY, in Dire-Dawa public health facilities that worth 4,048,594.0 ETB. The most wasted class of medication was anti-infectives, accounting for 2,360,330 ETB (58.3%), while tablets 2,615,391. ETB (64.6%). Medical waste has been linked to several issues, including pushing nearly expired medications to healthcare institutions, lack of clinician involvement in medication selection and quantification, rapid changes in treatment regimens, and the existence of overstocked medication shelves.
Conclusion
The average rate of medication waste was higher than the allowed level of 2%. The only medications that should be accepted by medical facilities are those that can be used before they expire. All prescribers should receive lists of the drugs that are readily available from the pharmacy department, and clinicians should be involved in the quantification and drug selection processes to increase the effectiveness of the use of medications.
The association of social inequality with the onset and persistence of psychotic experiences and progression along the extended psychosis phenotype: A six-year follow-up study in a community-based sample
Authors: Binbay Tolga , Erel Batuhan , Set Rana Tibet , Kırlı Umut , Ergül Ceylan , Elbi Hayriye , Alptekin Köksal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to investigate associations between early and recent indicators of socioeconomic inequality and the emergence, persistence and progression of psychotic experiences (PEs) in a longitudinal follow-up of a community-based population.Methods: Households in the metropolitan area of Izmir, Turkey, were contacted in a multistage clustered probability sampling frame, at baseline (T1, n = 4,011) and at 6-year follow-up (T2, n = 2,185). Both at baseline and follow-up, PEs were assessed using Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The associations between baseline socioeconomic features and follow-up PEs were analysed using logistic regression models. Indicators of social inequality included income, educational level, current socioeconomic status (SES), social insurance, the area resided, ethnicity, parental educational level, and SES at birth.Results: The risk of follow-up incident PEs was significantly higher in lower education, lower SES, and slum-semi urban areas. The persistence of PEs was significantly associated with the lowest levels of education and current SES, and rural residency. Persistent PEs were significantly associated with paternal SES at birth. Progression of PEs was significantly higher among respondents with educational achievements lower than university level and lower levels of SES, who have no social insurance and who reside in slum-semi urban areas. Parental education and paternal SES at birth were not associated with the persistence of PEs. Conclusion: Indicators of social inequality (low education, low SES, low income, poverty in the neighbourhood) were associated with the emergence and persistence of PEs and progression along the extended psychosis phenotype. The early indicators seem to have a modest life-long impact on the psychosis phenotype.
Non-linear correction method for Si photodiode detectors and its application to the electro-optical measurement for the PDLC film
Authors: Meng Xiangshen , Li Jian , Lin Yueqiang , Liu Xiaodong , Li Decai , He Zhenghong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A corrected measurement method based on the silicon photodiode detector was investigated. The silicon photodiode detector is a fast response, but the measured transmittance error between the light power meter occurs and depends on the incident light power. In our work, the non-linear empirical formula was derived from the measured results of the silicon photodiode detector and light power meter. In addition, the formula was used to correct the measuring results of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal, and the corrected results are identical to those of the light power meter. The experimental results further show that the silicon photodiode detector is faster than the light power meter when measuring electro-optical response. As a result, the corrected method is reliable.
A method to improve the street-crossing risk perception of hearing-impaired teenagers based on constructivist teaching theory
Authors: Gao Ya , Feng Zhongxiang , Du Ran , Huang Zhipeng , Jiang Kang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hearing-impaired people are a vulnerable group in the transportation system. Due to the particularity of their hearing impairments, they face a more complex environment than non-hearing-impaired people when participating in road traffic, which threatens their safety. The safety of hearing-impaired teenagers crossing the street is an important and serious issue. However, there is no research on how to improve the risk perception of hearing-impaired teenagers when crossing the street. An intervention method based on constructivist teaching theory may become an important means to improve road traffic safety for hearing-impaired teenagers. By understanding the eye movement indicators and behavioural indicators of hearing-impaired teenagers when crossing the street, this paper proposes targeted street-crossing intervention methods to improve their risk perception of street crossing to ensure the safety of hearing-impaired teenagers. In this paper, two kinds of street-crossing scenes and 20 hearing-impaired teenagers are included in a randomized controlled experiment, and an approach based on the intervention method of constructivist teaching theory is proposed. The purpose is to conduct research on the safety of hearing-impaired teenagers when crossing the street. Based on an analysis of visual characteristics in different areas of interest (AOIs) and behavioural characteristics, the conclusions are as follows: (1) when hearing-impaired teenagers participate in street crossing, part of their attention is wasted in areas with fewer risk factors, and (2) the teaching method based on constructivist intervention measures can improve the risk perception ability of hearing-impaired teenagers when crossing the street.
Systematic scientific strategies associated with mitigating the challenges in predicting track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins
Authors: Singh Vivek 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study analyses the systematic scientific strategies associated with mitigating the challenges in predicting track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins. The relevant ‘51’ original publications on predicting track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins utilising numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, machine learning and satellite based approach were chosen using a focused orderly search and were used to develop the selection benchmarks for the systematic literature review. According to our systematic review, out of selected ‘51’ studies, a total of ‘19’(37.25%) and ‘12’ (23.52%) and ‘9’ (17.64%) studies were focused on Pacific (including south China sea) Atlantic and North Indian Ocean (NIO) basins respectively. Three studies were conducted over both the Pacific and Atlantic Basins. However, the remaining ‘8’ studies were not over any specific basin. After 2015, the widespread use of machine based algorithm and analysis began, with a focus on the improvement in intensity prediction of TCs. Satellite based approach was employed in nearly all of the studies, and data assimilation techniques were in nascent stage during 2006-2013. To create detailed cyclone prediction track and intensity of cyclones across the world basins, a balance among data assimilation systems, modelling systems, and machine learning to uncover predictability drivers is necessary. Globally, predicting track and intensity of cyclones should take into account future climate change scenarios in the world basins. In order to gain improvement in this direction, further research is needed to fill in the knowledge gaps that have been identified.
WITHDRAWN: Physical principles of design and operation of multifunctional chemical reactors for hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The deliberate incorporation of additional process functions to enhance reactor performance has proved to be a fertile approach in developing novel reactors. In addition, the concept of multifunctional reactors offers a useful framework for reactor selection and classification. This study relates to the physical principles of design and operation of multifunctional chemical reactors for hydrogen production. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to better understand the consumption, generation, and exchange of thermal energy between endothermic and exothermic processes in the reactor. The effects of wall heat conduction properties and flow velocity on heat transport characteristics and reactor performance are investigated. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the physical principles of design and operation of multifunctional chemical reactors for hydrogen production. Particular emphasis is placed on the dependence of heat transfer characteristics on wall heat conduction properties and flow velocity in various situations, with an attempt to improve the distribution of thermal energy for use in multifunctional chemical reactors. The results indicate that the production of hydrogen can be optimized by precise control of the parameters that determine the overall efficiency of the reaction. These parameters include reaction temperature, rate of diffusion of the reactants to a catalytic site, and formation of byproducts. Certain exothermic reactions occur rapidly and, therefore, are particularly difficult to control with precision. The performance of hydrogen production is controlled by mass transport and thermal transport through the reaction medium. The thermal conductivity of the channel walls is fundamentally important. Materials with high thermal conductivity are preferred for the channel walls. Thermally conductive ceramics and metals are well-suited. Wall materials with poor heat conduction properties degrade the reactor performance. Poor distribution of the fluids can lead to local hot spots which can decrease the reaction selectivity, reduce catalyst life, or lead to side reactions which may lead to dangerous uncontrollable side reactions. Especially in the heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the diffusion rate of the reactants onto the catalytic reaction site controls the rate of reaction.
Description of a clinical case of seronegative celiac disease in a 5-year-old girl
Authors: Kamilova A. T. , Azimova N. D. , Dustmukhamedova D. Kh. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Celiac disease is an immuno-mediated systemic disease, which is defined as intolerance to gluten and the corresponding prolamins in the mucous membrane of the small intestine in genetically predisposed children, and is characterized by the development of atrophic enteropathy. The seronegative form of celiac disease, in which serological markers are not determined, but the development of appropriate symptoms and the effect of gluten-free diet (GFD) is observed, still remains a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.Objectives. Analysis of a clinical case of a child with seronegative celiac disease (SNCD).Results. The disease in a young child before the final diagnosis was severe due to chronic diarrhea and severe flatulence. The girl received outpatient treatment at the place of residence several times with a short-term positive effect, the condition worsened in dynamics: the child lost weight, stopped walking. At the age of 5, she was hospitalized in the gastroenterology department of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics, where, on the bases of normal values of antibodies to tissue transglutaminase and total IgA and IgG (анти-tTG IgA and G), changes in biopsies of the mucosa of the postbulary department of the duodenal bulb, characteristic of Marsh 3, and the presence of HLA DQ2, seronegative celiac disease was supposed to diagnose. The girl was prescribed GFD, symptomatic drug therapy was performed. The dynamics of the condition has improved. After 6 months, at the second visit, there were no gastrointestinal symptoms, physical development corresponded to age, what could help to confirm diagnosis of seronegative celiac disease.Conclusions. This clinical case in a girl with a classic form of celiac disease and severe atrophy of the mucosa of the bulbous small intestine, HLA DQ2, was accompanied by normal values of анти-tTG and total IgA. Treatment of a gluten-free diet was very effective: the girl fully compensated for weight deficiency and laboratory tests.
Integrated Functional Sanitation Value Chain
Authors: Cookey Peter Emmanuel , Koottatep Thammarat , Gibson Walter Thomas , Polprasert Chongrak 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The value chain (VC) system is a key way to address important sanitation technological and institutional gaps in production and service delivery and could constitute a natural platform for development actions and also serve as a market systems approach to improve access to safely-managed sanitation. It has been suggested that sanitation could boost local and national economies and global interconnections with a growing recognition that the private sector can play a bigger role in delivering the Sustainable Development Goal for sanitation, and help businesses understand value-added and product opportunities. This book proposes a pathway towards re-thinking the sanitation value chain (SVC) and suggests that it should cover all processes, activities and products of enterprises/actors in the sanitation supply chain that provide value-added services within each stage. Following the Regenerative Sanitation Principles, this book presents a new perspective to the SVC known as the ‘integrated functional sanitation value chain’ (IFSVC) to address operational functions within sanitation systems in combination with sanitation enterprises, operators and external actors that support the growth of the sanitation economy. The underlying premise of this book is that the IFSVC represents a new perspective that would have major social, environmental and economic implications for local, national, regional and global sanitation service delivery. It is hoped that researchers, business leaders, entrepreneurs, government officials and funders will find this book valuable, and be inspired and enabled to carry sanitation work forward in their own spheres of operation. The book gives several examples of encouraging developments, particularly in technical and business model innovation. It is our hope that this book will provide the stimulus for new learning and its application, particularly through cross-disciplinary and cross-sector partnerships that bring together all the skills and capabilities needed to deliver a fully effective IFSVC.
ISBN: 9781789061833 (print)
ISBN: 9781789061840 (eBook)
ISBN: 9781789061857 (ePUB)