bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching and Training Developing Professionals in Perinatal and Neonatal Settings
Authors: Dowtin LaTrice L. , Willis Tiffany , Givrad Soudabeh , Scala Melissa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Behavioral health clinicians (BHCs) come from a variety of disciplines and have varied levels of training experiences in prenatal, fetal, neonatal, infant, and postnatal settings. Together, these areas comprise the field of perinatal/neonatal health. In order to ensure trainees or BHCs wishing to specialize in perinatal/neonatal health are adequately prepared for the spectrum of care they will provide, it is important to create and adhere to standard recommendations for training and educational experiences. Training in perinatal/neonatal settings should include all areas of infant–parent needs for developmental, psychological, and psychiatric health. This chapter discusses those needs and makes recommendations about the essential foci of training. It is vital that learners explore and process biases at the outset of their experiences in perinatal/neonatal health in order to equitably serve patients from a diversity of backgrounds.
Infant Mental Health for High-Risk Infants Across the Continuum of Care
Authors: Shivers Miller , Cunningham Annelise , Henner Natalia , Machut Kerri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Relationships are the core construct in infant mental health (IMH). Parent–infant relationships help form the basis of attachment, cognitive development, and infant behavior, which are key elements for healthy infant development. High-risk infants and their parents often spend many days in medical environments, which can add stress, lessen parental efficacy, and interfere with the necessary parent–infant relationship building and attachment. In this chapter, IMH considerations are explored from the prenatal to postnatal periods. Assessment methods that focus on understanding the parent’s perception of their role as a parent and observation of the parent–infant interaction are explained as they relate to improving infant outcomes. Intervention strategies that aim to improve the parent–infant relationship and build attachments are discussed.
Addressing Perinatal Substance Use Across the Continuum of Care
Authors: Paul Jennifer J. , Kelleher Jessalyn , Klawetter Susanne , Nagle-Yang Sarah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Substance use during the perinatal period is a critical public health concern with high potential for negative effects on maternal and infant/early childhood health and well-being. This chapter provides an introduction to the principles of trauma-informed care and highlights the importance of its use as a framework for understanding substance misuse in pregnancy and beyond. Rates, impact, assessment, and treatment of substance use disorders are explored within the context of pregnancy, the neonatal period, and early childhood utilizing an intergenerational life span lens. For families impacted by substance use, it is imperative to utilize collaborative, family-centered, and trauma-informed interventions that incorporate intentional efforts to increase access to appropriate care and reduce stigma and bias across systems to optimize positive outcomes.
The Value of Peer Support for High-Risk Pregnant Women and Their NICU Infants
Authors: Hall Sue L. , Landry Jenny , Thatcher Erin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Support from a trained volunteer who has lived through a challenging personal experience, provided to another person now going through a similar experience, is a well-recognized and viable method for augmenting and extending psychosocial support beyond what professional staff in the realms of health care and mental health care can provide. This chapter examines the rationale for and benefits of peer support programs to women with high-risk conditions of pregnancy and to parents whose infants require a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, as well as how these programs can be started and sustained. Common questions that must be answered when starting a program are outlined, as are key factors contributing to the success of such programs. Finally, two existing programs are presented as exemplars for this important type of support.
Uncertainty and Coping in the NICU
Authors: Steinberg Zina , Kraemer Susan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Uncertainty surrounds the infant’s admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), causing stress and increased risk of postpartum mood and anxiety disorders for the family, affecting their coping capacities. Admission to the NICU is viewed as a potentially traumatic event, and relationships are known to be a significant protective force. The NICU psychologist helps mitigate these challenges to mental health with close attention to the relationships that form a resilience-fostering web supporting the parent–infant relationship. The psychologist knows that the psychological attachment to the infant begins before birth, keeping in mind the possible fragility of that attachment when the infant is critically ill. In addition, the psychologist works closely with medical staff, particularly nurses, encouraging and bolstering their essential role in supporting the parent–infant dyad.
Attending to the Positive
Authors: Craske Michelle G. , Dour Halina J. , Treanor Michael , Meuret Alicia E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers the skills of shifting attention toward positive stimuli and improving prospective positive mental imagery. The skills address deficits in anticipation of reward by having clients learn to attribute their actions to positivity. Target attention is vital since the evidence shows that depressed mood and anhedonia are associated with limited sustained attention to positive stimuli. Focus on past experiences is achieved by re-evaluating situations. The skill of finding the silver linings is introduced, but therapists should know this sometimes triggers trauma, panic, and anxiety. The chapter emphasizes that diminishing self-attribution for positive outcomes limits the learning of reward.
How Will This Therapy Work for You?
Authors: Meuret Alicia E. , Dour Halina J. , Guinyard Amanda G. Loerinc , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains the importance of fitting the right treatment. The Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) was developed to increase the number, frequency, and intensity of positive emotions. Additionally, the treatment is designed to be flexible to meet the needs of individuals with issues such as anhedonia. Anhedonia is the difficulty of noticing or appreciating positive emotions. The chapter discussed the PAT modules and their treatment skill sets. People are encouraged to stick to one treatment at a time and to continue their medications for symptoms of anxiety and depression. Additionally, calling 911 or visiting the nearest emergency room is vital for people with elevated thoughts of self-harm.
Continuing the Journey After Treatment
Authors: Meuret Alicia E. , Dour Halina J. , Guinyard Amanda G. Loerinc , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This final chapter explores the post-treatment stage, or what happens after the participant completes the Positive Affect Treatment (PAT) program. One of the treatment’s primary goals is helping participants to notice and appreciate the positives of their accomplishments. Knowing the extent of their progress will guide decisions and will help them identify which skills learned during treatment might need additional daily practice. Progress rarely goes in a straight line, and lapses or relapses are possible. This chapter offers advice on what to do if a lapse or relapse occurs and emphasizes the importance of assessing one’s progress objectively. The importance of having long-term plans and maintaining the progress made during PAT is stressed.
Introduction
Authors: Markowitz John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Why is supportive psychotherapy important? Supportive psychotherapy is widespread in practice, but the term suffers from both too many meanings and too little definition. Supportive therapy has suffered an unfairly poor reputation. It employs an affect focus and the so-called “common factors” of psychotherapy that are essential to any clinician’s skill set, yet aspects of treatment too many clinicians neglect. This manual carefully defines Brief Supportive Psychotherapy (BSP), articulating the treatment we have used in multiple government-funded randomized clinical trials. BSP may be considered either an active control condition in a research study or simply an active treatment for clinical practice. Because its approach is so elemental, it helps therapists to appreciate aspects of treatment, such as an affect focus, that they can apply in delivering other treatments. This book is thus a manual for both researchers and general therapists.
Formulation
Authors: Markowitz John C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A good Brief Supportive Psychotherapy practitioner (a) conceives an emotional portrait of his or her patient, (b) recognizes the emotional and life difficulties the patient faces and their connection, and (c) develops a therapeutic plan, a direction in which the therapy should ideally progress, even if this is not directly communicated to the patient. The portrait is based on how the patient recognizes, handles, and avoids inner emotional responses. This chapter describes how to take a history in BSP treatment, following the patient’s lead but seeking details where appropriate. It illustrates with case examples how to develop a BSP formulation and how (and how much) to describe to the patient.
Additional Information for Therapists
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains how screening all clients for emotional disorders and LGBTQ-related stress experiences can inform an initial case formulation. It cites the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), which is used to screen clients for emotional disorders, such as DSM-5 disorders. The information derived from MINI allows therapists to determine differential diagnoses and gain a clear understanding of the nature and severity of each diagnosis. The chapter describes several standardized self-report inventories of emotional disorders and cross-cutting symptoms that can provide useful information for case formulation at baseline. It recommends the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory as general measures of depressive and anxious symptoms.
Overview of General Treatment Format and Procedures
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at the combination of cognitive-behavioral treatment with motivational interviewing, in which therapists work with clients as close collaborators rather than adopting the role of an “authority.” Both the therapist and client must work together throughout treatment to design the most effective treatment plan possible. It points out why changing patterns of behavior is difficult and requires clients to give feedback on what is helpful and what is not. The chapter advises the therapist to strive to gain a thorough understanding of the issues the client brings to treatment and work to establish good rapport, which are crucial in introducing treatment concepts and carrying out challenging treatment exercises in future sessions. It includes the home practice review, which provides the therapist with the opportunity to briefly revisit some of the content of the previous session and link that content to what occurred over the week.
Module 5: Increasing Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the module described in this chapter, clients are given an opportunity to connect their growing awareness of their emotional experience of LGBTQ-related stress to their negative and potentially rigid thinking patterns. This chapter details how to explore the client’s home practice, in which they were to practice nonjudgmental, present-focused emotion awareness, and describes how to introduce automatic thinking patterns and thinking traps. It also helps clients identify examples of automatic thinking and thinking traps that they commonly encounter and how these might connect to their experience with LGBTQ-related stress. The chapter discusses the concept of cognitive flexibility and various ways it can be used to combat harmful automatic thinking and thinking traps. It explains the impact of LGBTQ-related stress on LGBTQ people’s automatic thinking patterns.
Module 7: Experimenting with New Reactions to LGBTQ-Related Stress
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The chapter talks about the development of the behavioral skills necessary to assert oneself in the face of difficult interpersonal situations involving LGBTQ-related stress. It introduces the concept of assertiveness and discusses what it means to assert one’s personal needs, wants, and desires. It also describes the role of LGBTQ-related stress in the development of unassertive behavioral patterns. The chapter shows how to help clients identify their personal rights in challenging interpersonal situations and identify situations in which it is most difficult for them to engage in assertive behavior. These sessions involve reviewing assertiveness home practice, reinforcing material from prior sessions, and conducting in-session assertiveness roleplays.
Module 8: Emotion Exposures for Countering LGBTQ-Related Stress
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Harkness Audrey R. , Jackson Skyler D. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on confronting both internal triggers and external triggers and provides the client with opportunities to increase their tolerance of emotions while allowing for new learning to occur. It reviews the concept of emotion exposures and how they can support learning and lasting change. It also discusses bodily feelings, how they relate to emotions and LGBTQ-related stress, and the therapist’s role in guiding the client in engaging their bodily feelings, in and out of session. The therapist helps clients who fear their bodily feelings to understand how avoiding bodily feelings maintains maladaptive emotional responses. This chapter covers introducing emotion exposures, building an emotion exposure ladder, and designing and completing an in-session emotion exposure.
Learning to Record Your Experiences
Authors: Pachankis John E. , Jackson Skyler D. , Harkness Audrey R. , Safren Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter highlights the importance of recording symptoms of anxiety and depression, which can give patients an objective, scientific view of their symptoms and inform their progress throughout this treatment. It describes how to become an objective observer and how to track one’s progress throughout this program. It outlines the reasons why it is important to keep records of experiences on a regular basis, noting how intense anxiety, sadness, or other uncomfortable emotions typically feel overwhelming. The chapter explains how learning to be an observer of one’s own emotions is a first step towards understanding these experiences and feeling more in control. Keeping weekly records of emotional experiences helps patients recognize that their mood fluctuates throughout the day and the week.
Form and function when treating anxiety in youth
Authors: Crane Margaret E. , Maxwell Colleen A. , Rabner Jonathan C. , Wojcieszak Zuzanna K. , Myerberg Lindsay B. , Kendall Philip C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have demonstrated beneficial outcomes among children and adolescents. That said, not all manual-based EBIs that demonstrate efficacy in research settings have yielded the same results in community-based settings. An EBI that is found to be efficacious in research but less effective once disseminated into the community may reflect either (1) too rigid adherence to a manualized protocol that does not ‘fit’ the needs of the individuals receiving the intervention in the community or (2) overly loose application (non-adherence) of the programme that compromises fidelity. Perfect adherence to a protocol may be unattainable in any settings given the variety of factors that arise in providing mental health services (e.g. staff turnover, limited practitioner time). What has emerged is a valid tension between following an efficacious manual-based treatment and delivering an intervention that is adapted to the needs of an individual. This tension often can arise for practitioners with limited therapy experience who are delivering manual-based low intensity interventions. Intervention adaptations are necessary for widespread application, yet adaptations must be conducted thoughtfully to maintain implementation fidelity. To achieve this balance, the authors encourage practitioners to operate from a ‘flexibility within fidelity’ framework. Flexibility within fidelity requires that the active ingredients of an EBI are presented, while the ‘adaptable periphery’ (i.e. precise details or manner in which the intervention is delivered) is tailored to an individual client’s needs.
Brief behavioural activation for treating depressive symptoms in children and adolescents
Authors: Felton Julia W. , Anvari Morgan S. , Magidson Jessica F. , Lejuez Carl W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Depressive symptoms increase dramatically over the course of adolescence and early adulthood. Depressive disorders are characterized by low affect and loss of interest in previously enjoyable experiences. Brief behavioural activation (BA) draws on reinforcement frameworks of the development of mood disorders and focuses on supporting individuals to re-engage with valued activities. Brief BA has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms among children and young people across a variety of community-based and clinical settings. This chapter provides an introduction to delivering Brief BA for youth, including session-by-session content and detailed case examples. The chapter also focuses on addressing common barriers youth face to implementing Brief BA techniques like behavioural monitoring and activity scheduling. Finally, new technology resources are reviewed and sample worksheets are provided to help practitioners utilize these techniques with young people.
Low intensity interventions for children with Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Authors: Sanderson Charlotte , Hall Charlotte L. , Murphy Tara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of the three core behavioural treatments for tics comprehensive behavioural intervention for tics, which includes habit reversal training, and exposure and response prevention. Access to therapies is more limited compared with medication which has resulted in a growing interest in adaptations to treatment. Preliminary evidence has highlighted the potential for existing effective behavioural tic treatments to be delivered in briefer formats, and via alternative modalities (e.g. online/group interventions) that may help to widen access and referral pathways. This chapter explores how these may be modified for low intensity delivery, drawing upon available evidence. It considers how co-occurring conditions may be addressed within/alongside brief tic-focused interventions, presenting a case study of a young person with tics and social anxiety. Readers less familiar with tic disorders are encouraged to consult the ‘Recommended reading’ list provided.
Supervision and case management in low intensity interventions
Authors: Curry Vicki , French Lesley 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Frequent good-quality supervision is essential for effective delivery of low intensity interventions. There is a wealth of research and literature which informs good practice and the consequent training of supervisors for low intensity practitioners. Implications of this for supervisory practice have been set out, and it is hoped the development of training programmes for supervisors, such as those that exist in the UK, will embed best practice in time. Support for diversifying the child mental health workforce and addressing cultural difference in the supervision process are key areas of focus. It is important that these new roles and trainings are embedded in national delivery and recognized career structures, which is not yet the case in some countries. The ambition of expansion of a trained workforce in England and elsewhere is dependent on sufficient supervisors supporting these new practitioners.
Service organizations: stepped care
Authors: McLellan Lauren F. , Schniering Carolyn , Wuthrich Viviana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stepped care has been widely embraced as an ideal model of service delivery; however, as a healthcare approach for children and adolescents with mental illness, the field is in its infancy and substantial further development and research is required. A growing body of evidence suggests that under controlled conditions in university settings, stepped models are as efficacious as standard care and are likely to use less therapist time; however, the clinical and cost-effectiveness of stepped care models in real-world settings has been minimally evaluated. There is currently no gold standard model of stepped care, and the ideal combination of steps will depend on the unique features of both the patient and the service delivery site. Service organization will be central to the effective delivery of low intensity interventions to youth in primary mental health settings. The successful implementation of stepped care models will require a healthcare framework that includes high-level policy specifications, effective governance of service elements including assessment and risk management, engagement of various stakeholders, implementation via a workforce-readiness campaign, and ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and modification. Finally, preliminary evidence on the cost-effectiveness of this approach for childhood emotional disorders has been mixed, and further economic evaluations across multiple settings are recommended.
Postoperative Myocardial Ischemia Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Milian Ricardo Diaz , Castresana Manuel R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Postoperative myocardial ischemia hinders the recovery of some patients after surgery. When it is complicated by cardiogenic shock, mortality rises significantly. Among surgical patients, those undergoing vascular procedures are considered to be at the highest risk. Quick diagnosis and prompt treatment minimizes injury and improves outcomes. A high index of suspicion is required since a typical complaint of chest pain may be absent in the postoperative period. Emergency revascularization is indicated when myocardial ischemia is complicated by cardiogenic shock. Assist devices can be utilized to support the affected myocardium in this situation; however, this strategy has failed to show an improvement in mortality.
Abdominal Pain Following a Motor Vehicle Crash
Authors: Leiendecker Eric , Ketzler Jonathan , Coursin Douglas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, roughly 32,000 people are killed each year and over 2 million others are injured in motor vehicle crashes yearly. This common presentation to trauma centers requires rapid diagnosis and management of life-threatening injuries necessitating immediate intervention by a cohesive trauma team made of surgeons, emergency medicine specialists, and anesthesiology physicians. The recognition of common presentations and use of bedside ultrasonography have allowed for more rapid and accurate diagnosis. In turn, this reduces time to intervention and allows for more tailored interventions.