bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on the Latest Cold Flow Technology Developments
Authors: Kvernland Martin , Lund Fredrik , Strømmegjerde Lars , Wolden Marita , Lund Are 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a flow assurance method known as "cold flow". The method is suitable for deepwater liquid dominated fields and reduces costs and carbon emissions compared to conventional flow assurance methods by letting hydrate and wax deposits travel as inert solids with the production stream to the host fascility (e.g. an FPSO). A compact subsea unit that utilizes the cold flow method is presented and an experimental test setup at SINTEF's Multiphase Flow Laboratory is described. The unit consists of a recycle stream that seeds dry particles to a place where the bulk flow temperature is close to the hydrate formation temperature (HFT) and the wax appearance temperature (WAT). Water droplets coat the dry particles and become a part of the particles absorbing free water in the flow. In addition to the seeding mechanism, a robot operated induction coil removes inner pipe wall deposits by heating the pipe locally. Results from the tests show no build-up of solids inside the cold flow unit itself or downstream the unit. The flow system is also robust in terms of shutdowns and the production flow is regained easily. Measurements also show that the unit is robust with respect to increasing water cut (WC).
Method for Rectification of Non-Rotated Residual Curvature Sections
Authors: Akritidis Argyrios , Norland Kristian , Gibson David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to rectify non-rotated Residual Curvature (RC) sections in order to ensure the pipeline behaviour during start up does not jeoperdise the pipeline integrity.
Since 2012, the Contractor has successfully installed more than 100 RC sections within a large range of cross section geometries and water depths.
During installation of a pipe-in-pipe with RC sections an intermediate survey showed that while the majority of the RC sections had landed as expected, three RC sections had landed on the seabed with no observable torsional rotation or Horizontal Out Of Straightness (HOOS), i.e. in an upright position.
The expansion and buckling design for the pipeline depended on the RC sections developing into lateral buckles and it was challenging to confidently demonstrate that the pipeline could be started up and kept within the bending moment and stress limits as defined by the relevant code (DNV-ST-F101).
Engineering was carried out to select and optimise a mitigation method to fully ensure the relevant RC sections would develop into lateral buckles during start-up and ensure bending moment and stress were within acceptance criteria.
The method selected used buoyancy elements attached to the RC sections prior to and throughout the start-up. The buoyancy elements could be safely removed after start-up. The mitigation method was applied offshore in an efficient manner and the observed pipe behaviour matched very well with the predictive analysis results.
With a long track record of installing RC sections, the Contractor has developed efficient and realistic tools to predict torsional rotation and HOOS, but experience shows that there is still some level of uncertainty. A field-proven mitigation method that can be applied as contingency is now available to mitigate this uncertainty.
With this field-proven mitigation method in hand, the confidence in the RC method as a cost efficient and robust solution for expansion and buckling management is further increased.
Bowties for Offshore Platforms High Consequence Risks
Authors: Slatnick Sam , Angevine Doug , Cranefield Jack , Maddox Chris , Garrity Robert , Moczulski Michal , Younan Adel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bow-ties are increasingly used in multiple industries to effectively manage risks during operation. Benefits of bow-ties include clear communication, operator ownership, relationship between safeguards for various threats and consequences, and the visibility of safeguard health during operations. In oil and gas, the main application of bow-ties has been to manage high consequence risks pertaining to process safety, i.e. loss of primary containment of hazardous substances. Unlike onshore facilities, escape from hazards can be inhibited by limited egress and evacuation options can be compromised as part of the events themselves, which heightens the potential number of fatalities in an offshore process safety event. Additionally, while the root cause of a good proportion of incidents originates from process safety hazards, many significant events have originated from offshore and marine structure hazards as well. Since offshore structural and marine failures are not always driven by loss of primary containment, the use of bow-ties in offshore structures and marine is less established. This paper introduces the use of bow-ties and associated principles as tools to manage all offshore risks, both process-safety and structural or marine related. It evaluates the application of bow-ties for a range of high consequence risk scenarios specific to fixed and floating offshore platforms, and provides simplified bow-ties for a range of different types of assets. Though it represents a less conventional approach than those commonly employed for offshore failure scenarios, use of bow-ties can support effective management of these risks, especially those requiring proactive management of safeguards, particularly ice feature overload, offshore collisions, multi-line mooring failures, and loss of floating stability.
One Side Spread Mooring System Applied for Floating LNG in West Africa
Authors: Kang Daehoon , Kim Taeyoung , Lim Jaehwan , Yoo Donghoon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and verify an alternative spread mooring system to be applied to FLNG operated in West Africa. Time domain analysis for ULS (ultimate limit state) and ALS (accidental limit state) design and frequency domain analysis for FLS (fatigue limit state) design were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the developed mooring system. Side-by-side offloading analysis was also performed to ensure that FLNG equipped with the proposed mooring system can meet the operability requirement of the offloading operation.
FPSO Through Hull Cooling System
Authors: Costa Filho Fernando Homem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
FPSO (Floating, Production, Storage, and Offloading) units have been considered one of the most efficient alternatives to produce oil and gas in deep waters. To perform this application, FPSOs have various systems and equipment that require cooling. Currently, this cooling is carried out through a closed circuit of industrial fluid cooled by an open circuit with seawater. This paper presents a new concept for the cooling system of these production units causing the closed-circuit cooling system using industrial fluid to be cooled through the contact of this fluid with the hull side/bottom shell and thus dissipating heat into seawater. In this way, there is no need to install the seawater lift system for cooling, reducing the footprint, and the structural reinforcement on the FPSO. In addition to increasing the platform's energy efficiency by reducing fuel consumption, this new cooling system concept mitigates the environmental impact of offshore production by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and the pollution of the oceans with biocide. As this new concept was recently debuted, its application studies are still in the conceptual design phase.
Generation Z Requires Paradigm Shift in the Oil and Gas Workforce
Authors: Efendi Riad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In coming decades, corporate competition paradigm will be shifting from natural resources towards talent acquisition, therefore within Oil&Gas, rivalry is developing not only among industry’s operating, service, and construction companies, but with Apple, Tesla, Pfizer, and numerous startups.
Unfortunately, the Oil&Gas industry is currently stigmatized for carbon dioxide emissions and oil spills and has become less attractive for future employees. The issuewill become even more critical in coming years as Generation Z enters the workforce.
Analysis of Generation Z (Gen Z/Genzers) characteristics and work ethics shows they are: Entrepreneurial, that is they are less likely to stay within corporate boundaries;Multitasking, meaning not only the tasks that are assigned to them but also those that they assign to themselves, which makes it difficult to keep them within defined borders of the organizational chart rectangles with prescribed duties;Interactive – they want to share their ideas with executives over the heads of their direct supervisors –are we ready for that?Demanding constant stimulation, such as clear career tracks and non-routine challenges.
To accommodate Generation Z and attract their top talent, we need to focus human resources functional concept even more on employee’s skills and potential.
To close the gap in talent acquisition and nurture future industry leaders: A talent pool should be set up with a thoughtful promotion track;Award ceremonies can be used to initiate tracking of the inventor’s career in addition to celebrating an accomplishment or invention;Employee performance evaluations can be used to analyze the talent pool turnover rate. When a member of this pool is leaving the company, it should be considered an incident, which needs to be treated as such, with root cause analysis and corrective actions.
This paper will describe long-term challenges facing the Oil&Gas industry regarding top Genzer talent acquisition and retention and propose solutions that may potentially address them.
Case Study: Petrophysical Characterization in Unconventional Reservoir in the Burgan Field
Authors: Romero Pedro , Tagarieva Larisa , Turkey Shaikha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Thanks to the evolution of the technology and techniques to characterize organic rich shales, various options are available to perform a petrophysical evaluation, ranging from the most basic to the most complex, advanced ones. A robust petrophysical model is critical for the accuracy of the reservoir characterization; therefore, obtaining a reliable petrophysical analysis based on well logging data that can also support reservoir modeling and early wellsite decisions, was a key objective for this well drilled in an unconventional reservoir in the Burgan Field. For these reasons, technologically advanced logging services like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Nuclear Spectroscopy, along with conventional ones, including Spectral Gamma Ray, were logged in this well.
The problem, then, is connecting all the valuable information obtained from different sources to define a petrophysical model. Are all sources reaching the same conclusion?
This study aims to find how these different technologies and techniques can be interconnected to build a strong petrophysical model.
Water saturation was obtained from NMR data using the T1T2 maps and DT2 maps and Blind Source Separation based on Independent Component Analysis (BSS-ICA).
The most relevant results of the petrophysical analysis are as follows:
Improvement in Fluid Saturations and Analysis: The DT2 and T1T2 maps proved to resolve the fluid components in the organic matter rich section of the reservoir. Kerogen indicators identified with the Spectral Gamma Ray analysis and the NMR undercall porosity are in good agreement. The fluid saturation model applied to the 2D-NMR results and T1T2 maps, was iteratively improved based on the cross-correlation between Excess Carbon provided from Nuclear Spectroscopy (NS) and undercall porosity from NMR.
NS-NMR data consistency: In this regard, the Organic Carbon from Nuclear Spectroscopy analysis matches with the NMR undercall porosity, proving the consistency of the log data and the applied analyses. In addition, a machine learning tool BSS-ICA was used to determine the hydrocarbon independent spectral component from T2 spectra, and its saturation, that shows good agreement with the results obtained with 2D NMR.
This study proves that NMR data is key in the petrophysical evaluation of organic rich shales specifically for water saturation. These results, along with Nuclear Spectroscopy data, can be used to future optimization of Organic Shale Petrophysics (OSP), to obtain a more precise petrophysical evaluation. This is will be extremely beneficial since these optimized parameters can be used for calibration when advance technology is not available.
A Sustainability Project Towards Zero Continuous Flaring and Venting Hydrocarbon of Bokor Betty Rejuvenation Project
Authors: Ahmad Shatiry M Sahir , Kader Ibrahim Halizah , Sk A Aziz Thahir , Basri M Amir Fikri , Teh Mei Li , Md Sani Ahmad Faheem , Raja Nazri Raja Nurul Hasif , Ghazali M Faizal 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Bokor Betty Rejuvenation & Brownfield project involved in objective not only to increase the field production of gas and oil but also alignment to promote our company sustainability initiative and to achieve Net Zero Carbon Emission by 2050 as part of its holistic approach to sustainability that balances Environment, Social and Governance (ESG). The execution of the rejuvenation and brownfield project of an existing field that has been produced for many years, started in 2018. The main scope of this Brownfield and Rejuvenation project is as follow: Decommissioned two (2) of the existing old remote vent platform BEV-A and BOV-A platform.Monetized the gas produced from the wells by installing Ejector Vapor Recovery Units (EVRU).Performed the conversion and integration of the existing venting system with the new Central Processing Platform (CPP) flare system.
In Malaysia, the recorded annual CO2 emissions rate in 2020 was 272.62 million t lower than the previous year (2019) with 278.88 million t (Hannah Ritchie & Max Roser, 2022). The overall strategy developed during the front-end study of this project, achieving zero continuous flaring and zero venting was the main objective for the project, in addition to sustaining the production from this oil and gas field in Sarawak, Malaysia. One of the challenges was to work the hook-up and commissioning of the new facilities on the existing brownfield platform. This new facility required the installation of a knock-out drum, a flare system, EVRU, and the decommissioning of existing facilities such as vent platform and compressor. Through this comprehensive and detailed engineering study, the construction commenced and translated into the actual execution. During the offshore works the team successfully installed all new facilities with the existing platform and integrated the system. The integrated commissioning and start-up were structured in detail to ensure the ultimate sustainability target for the project of zero venting and zero continuous flaring.
Offshore execution for this project was held from 2018 until 2021, and the team achieved the decommissioning of the existing old remote vent platform. The project also successfully converted the vent to the flare system of the existing brownfield platform with the integration with the new Central Processing Platform (CPP). The project successfully reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) 2.25 million t CO2e/year from its operation with the decommissioning of the vent system, redevelopment of its facilities, and monetizing the gas from wells with the upgrading of its gas processing facilities. This GHG 2.25 million is equivalent to Greenhouse Gas emissions from 489,330 passenger cars driven for a year. This is a significant milestone in our company's sustainability efforts and reduction of carbon emissions goal.
The Association of Vitamin K2 Level with the Glycaemic Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Helmy Mona Yousry , Elsaid Nehal Hamdy , Gwad Marwa Mohammed Abdel 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:The target of this work was to investigate vitamin K2 level link to glycaemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methodology:Sixty T2DM patients were divided into 30 uncontrolled T2DM (group I), 30 controlled T2DM (group II) patients and 30 non-diabetic subjects as the control group. Vitamin K2 level, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting lipids were documented. Waist circumference (WC) was measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.Results:A highly significant difference between groups was observed in vitamin K2 level (P< 0.001) being 1.61 ± 0.56 ng/ml, 2.04 ± 0.59 ng/ml and 2.96 ± 0.82 ng/ml for groups I, II and III, respectively. Among diabetics, a negative correlation was reported between serum vitamin K2 and FBG (r-0.428), 2-h PPBG (r-0.319), HbA1c (r-0.268), fasting insulin (r-0.49), HOMA-IR (r-0.5), total cholesterol (T-cholesterol) (r-0.335) and LDL-C (r-0.296) withP< 0.05. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve emphasized the utility of the discriminated potentiality of serum vitamin K2 as a biomarker for uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in T2DM. The multivariate linear regression has shown that FBG is the only significant independent predictor of serum levels of vitamin K2.Conclusions:In T2DM patients, serum vitamin K2 level was significantly lower, especially with uncontrolled hyperglycaemia. This suggests that vitamin K2 level has an association with the glycaemic status in T2DM.
Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Loyalitas Pelanggan Di Ras Sablon Desa Weru Lor Cirebon
Authors: Muhammad Iklil  
Published: April 2022

Perkembangan bisnis fashion yang ditandai dengan maraknya penjualan online maupun pertumbuhan factory outlet maupun usaha distro di seluruh penjuru Nusantara, ternyata menjadi salah satu pemicu meningkatnya permintaan jasa sablon dikalangan masyarakat. Karena banyaknya peminat yang membuka usaha sablon maka dari itu timbul sebuah persaingan untuk mendapatkan pelanggan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan bahkan sampai pada perolehan berkali-kali terdapat dimensi-dimensi menarik di lapangan, sehingga dari banyaknya dimensi tersebut untuk pembatasan lingkup penelitian maka perlu ditentukan fokus penelitian yaitu tentang materi penerapan etika bisnis islam untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan di ras sablon Desa Weru lor Cirebon.
Kata kunci: Etika bisnis, loyalitas pelanggam
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Kompetensi Perawat, dan Kinerja Perawat Terhadap Pelayanan Keperawatan di Rumah Sakit Jantung Hasna Medika Cirebon
Authors: Syaripudin Ahmad , Sri Sedjat Retina , Surya Permana Indra 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh antara motivasi kerja (X1), kompetensi perawat (X2), dan kinerja perawat (X3) terhadap pelayanan keperawatan (Y) di Rumah Sakit Jantung Hasna Medika Cirebon. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini mengunakan teknik survei berupa penyebaran kuesioner yang terdiri dari atas 9 butir untuk variabel X1, 6 butir untuk variabel X2, 10 Butir untuk variabel X3, dan 14 butir untuk variabel Y. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh tenaga keperawatan yang berada di Rumah Sakit Jantung Hasna Medika Cirebon dengan jumpah 30 responden, peneliti mengambil sample sebanyak 30 atau keseluruhan dari jumlah populasi yang ada.
Kata Kunci : Motivasi kerja (X1), Kompetensi perawat (X2), Kinerja perawat (X3), Pelayanan keperawatan (Y)
SMS Gateway Berbasis Android untuk Meningkatkan Jumlah Pelanggan Toko 212 Tegal
Authors: Indriyanto Jatmiko , Afriliana Ida , Huda Miftakhul 
Published: April 2022

Toko 212 Tegal adalah usaha model sirkah, yang dimiliki lebih dari 100 orang yang berdomisili di Kota Tegal. Pelanggan atau pemilik toko yang sering belanja ditoko 212 dalam 8 bulan ini menurun jumlahnya, Penyebabnya banyak, dimulai promosi dari toko yang berkurang, pelayanan yang kurang memuaskan, dan banyak saingan sekitar toko. Pengurus toko sudah mencoba berbagai cara untuk meningkatkan pelanggan datang ketoko, dimulai dari diskon, delivery order langsung kerumah pelanggan dan lainnya, tetapi hal itu belum berhasil meningkatkan pelanggan untuk dating ketoko. Peneliti melihat penelitian peneliti lain yang meneliti sejenis, yang berhubungan untuk meningkatkan pelanggan, banyak yang menggunakan metode SMS gateway. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, dimulai dari menganalisa masalah yang terjadi, kemudian menggambar system yang sudah ada, dan system yang baru, dianalisa kekurangannya. Kemudian baru memulai membuat system yang baru. Setelah itu mulai menerapkan system yang baru dan menguji sistemnya selama 2 bulan, dan dilihat hasilnya. Setelah itu peneliti menitipkan kuesioner kepada kasir, untuk melihat apakah yang dikirimi sms gateway, kembali ketoko atau tidak. Menggunakan model SMS gateway dan android diharapkan jumlah pelanggan yang datang ketoko212 menjadi meningkat. Setelah dilakukan ujicoba selama 2 bulan, ternyata berhasil meningkatkan jumlah pelanggan yang datang ketoko untuk belanja.
Kata kunci : Toko 212, SMS gateway dan pelanggan
RANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BAGI MAHASISWA ASAL PAPUA SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNIK PLN
Authors: Jumiati  , Sri Yayi  , Yuliansyah  
Published: April 2022

Banyak mahasiswa dari Papua menempuh Pendidikan di Jakarta namun seperti tidak mempelajari apa-apa. Faktanya, sebagian besar dari mereka belum bisa berbicara dengan Bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar, bahkan, ada juga siswa yang belum menguasai kosa kata Bahasa Indonesia. Fenomena kesulitan belajar terjadi karena adanya persoalan serius dalam pendidikan di Indonesia salah satunya kurangnya penguasaan Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan media teknologi informasi dalam mengembangkan kemampuan mahasiswa Papua untuk menyerap berbagai pengetahuan yang disampaikan dosen. Penelitian ini merancang menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan survey-deskriptif korelasional yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai data, kemudian diolah dengan statistik dengan tahapan studi pendahuluan dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Tahap pengembangan dilakukan dengan ujicoba terbatas pada pengajaran konvesional dosen dengan menerapkan metode eksprimen (single one shot case study). Setelah ada perbaikan dari uji terbatas maka dilanjutkan dengan uji yang lebih luas dengan metode eksprimen dalam bentuk kelompok (one group pretest-postest). Terakhir adalah validasi model pengajaran berbasis teknologi informasi dengan metode eksprimen. Obyek dilatih menggunakan laptop sebagai sarana pengembangan ketrampilan berbahasa. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa memang terdapat pengaruh antara penggunaan teknologi informasi dengan penguasaan Bahasa yang meningkatkan prestasi belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian diharapkan dapat membantu memecahkan masalah kesulitan belajar mahasiswa Papua di Sekolah Tinggi Teknik-PLN melalui penguasaan Bahasa Indonesia dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi.