bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-4 Effects of Passage Rate on Rumen Microbial Composition
Authors: Tondini Sara M , Jennings Gabe , Green-Miller Angela R , Shike Daniel W , Henry Darren D , McCann Joshua C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary treatments designed to increase passage rate on the rumen microbiome. Factors such as particle size, feedstuff degradability, and rumen motility may drive ruminal passage rates and alter the composition of rumen microorganisms responsible for methane formation. Eight ruminal-cannulated steers were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. All steers were fed an ad libitum diet of prairie grass hay (10.4% crude protein) with treatments designed to increase passage rate: no treatment (CON), pelleted (PEL), 7% Ca(OH)2 treated (ALK), and six 2 kg weights inserted into the rumen (WTS). Ruminal contents were collected on d 13 for 16S rRNA sequencing using specific bacterial and archaeal primers. Bacterial and archaeal taxa were not different (P &gt; 0.1) between WTS and CON. At the genus level, PEL-fed steers had decreased (P = 0.01) relative abundance of Butyrivibrio 2 when compared with CON. Steers fed ALK had decreased (P &lt; 0.01) relative abundance of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group but increased (P &lt; 0.01) Christensenellaceae R-7 group compared with CON. In contrast, relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group decreased (P = 0.03) in steers fed PEL compared with CON. The most abundant archaea, Methanobrevibacter, increased (P = 0.04) in steers fed ALK compared with CON (75 vs 65% of archaeal reads, respectively). Additionally, relative abundance of Methanosphaera increased (P &lt; 0.01) in steers fed PEL compared with CON. Measures of richness including Chao1 and observational taxonomic units were decreased (P &lt; 0.01) in ALK-treated steers but were not affected (P &gt; 0.2) by PEL or WTS compared with CON. In conclusion, pelleting and alkali treatment of hay affected the rumen microbiome composition compared with steers fed basal prairie grass hay. Increased passage rates may alter composition of rumen bacteria and archaea communities.
PSIV-5 Effects of Soybean Meal Addition to Increase Crude Protein in Growing Easycare Lamb Diets
Authors: Scotten Skyler S , Dahmer Payton L , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A common industry practice is to substitute soybean meal (SBM) in place of corn for growing lambs in a feedlot setting, but there is limited data evaluating its impact, especially in hybrid hair sheep. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of crude protein (CP) by substituting SBM place of corn in growing Easycare lambs. A total of 77 Easycare (Dorper × Katahdin × Romanov) lambs were utilized in a completely randomized design with 7 replicate pens per treatment. Lambs (33 females; 26.3 ± 0.99 kg and 44 castrated males; 27.2 ± 0.95 kg) were fed for 28 d. The three dietary treatments included 1) Control (basal diet; 7.7% SBM and 11.0% CP); 2) SBM4 (4% SBM replacing corn in the basal diet; 11.7% SBM and 12.8% CP); and 3) SBM8 (8% SBM replacing corn in the basal diet; 15.7% SBM and 14.8% CP). Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain to feed (G:F), and income over feed costs were determined. At the conclusion of the study, 15 castrated males were harvested to evaluate dietary impact on carcass characteristics. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS v9.4 (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Castrated males fed the control diet had reduced (P &lt; 0.05; 0.20 kg/d) ADG compared with those fed SBM4 or SBM8 (0.29 and 0.32 kg/d, respectively) or ewes consuming any diet (0.29 kg/d for all treatments). However, there was no evidence (P &gt; 0.05) that dietary treatment impacted final body weight, ADFI, G:F, income over feed cost, or measured carcass characteristics. These results suggest that growing Easycare castrated males benefit from 4% added SBM in place of corn to increase dietary CP, and that additional research is warranted to evaluate longer-term impacts on cost and carcass impacts.
PSIV-7 Evaluating Relationships Among Empty Body, Protein, and Fat Gain and Retained Energy for Pre- and Postweaning Calves
Authors: Hildebrand Caleb , Lancaster Phillip A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Discrepancies in the predictability of the nutritional equation used to predict empty body gain in preweaning and postweaning calves could be due to differences in proportion of protein and fat in the gain. The objective of this study was to understand the differences in the relationships of empty body weight gain (EBG) with protein (EBP) and fat (EBF) gain, and retained energy (RE) in preweaning and postweaning calves. A literature search was performed to create a dataset comprised of EBG and composition of gain in calves. The relationships of EBG with EBP, EBF, and RE was compared in preweaning and postweaning calves using R statistical software. Pearson correlation coefficients of EBG with EBP, EBF, and RE were 0.971, 0.839, and 0.934 and 0.805, 0.807, and 0.889 for preweaning and postweaning calves, respectively. A nonlinear regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between EBG and RE including the effects of age (defined as 0 for preweaning and 1 for postweaning calves) and type (defined as 0 for dairy and 1 for beef calves), [EBG = (a + b * age + c * type) * RE^ (d + e * age + f * type)]. The power coefficients were not different (P &gt; 0.05) between preweaning and postweaning calves (0.379 and 0.446 ± 0.041, respectively), but the exponents were different (P ≤ 0.05; 0.921 and 0.558 ± 0.079, respectively). In conclusion, the relationship between empty body weight gain and composition of gain differs between preweaning and postweaning calves, suggesting that a more robust equation or group of equations should be used in nutrition models.
PSV-3 Changes in Sow Farrowing Performance with Parity
Authors: Vande Pol Katherine D , Shull Caleb M , Ellis Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sow culling decisions are based, in part, on changes in productivity with increasing age. However, there is limited published information from detailed evaluation of changes in performance with parity in contemporary commercial sows. The objective of this study was to re-evaluate relationships between sow parity and productivity measures. Data (1,005 sows/litters, 12,857 piglets) were from 5 controlled studies conducted on the same commercial farrowing facility using the same management. Sow parity (average 5.0 ± 2.79) ranged from 1 (gilts) to 14. Measurements included farrowing duration (sub-sample of 289 litters), number of piglets born alive, average and within-litter CV of piglet birth weight (BW), and sow rectal temperature at the start and end of farrowing. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Models accounted for the random effect of study and the fixed effect of sow parity category (1, 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 7, and ≥ 8). Farrowing duration was similar (P &gt; 0.05) across parity categories (Table 1). Litter size was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for parities 5 to 7 compared with parities 1 and 3 to 4, with parities 2 and ≥ 8 being intermediate and similar (P &gt; 0.05) to all other categories. Average piglet BW was least (P ≤ 0.05) for parity 1 and greatest (P ≤ 0.05) for parity 2 and 3 to 4 sows. The CV of piglet BW generally increased (P ≤ 0.05) with parity. Rectal temperatures at the start and end of farrowing were generally greater (P ≤ 0.05) for parity 1 and 2 sows compared with the other parity categories, which were similar (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that changes in performance with parity were relatively limited and that sows with parities that are typically considered high have relatively similar performance to those of lower parity.
PSV-5 Effects of Benzoic Acid and an Essential Oils Blend on Detection of Swine Viruses in Inoculated Swine Feed and Premix
Authors: Blomme Allison K , Gebhardt Jordan T , Jones Cassandra K , Woodworth Jason C , Poulsen-Porter Elizabeth , Bai Jianfa , Bergstrom Jon R , Paulk Chad B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Feed has been shown to harbor viable viruses over an extended period. This study investigated the use of benzoic acid (BA) and an essential oils blend (EO) to mitigate the presence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Senecavirus A (SVA) in a complete diet (Exp. 1) and a vitamin premix (Exp. 2). Experiment 1 consisted of a control with no additive, 0.5% BA, 0.5% BA and 200 ppm EO, 0.3% BA and 120 ppm EO, and 0.25% BA and 100 ppm EO. Feed samples were inoculated with PEDV, PRRSV, and SVA. For Exp. 2, the control contained no additive, and treatment had 2.68% EO included to mitigate PEDV. Inoculated feed or premix was stored at room temperature with sampling points at 2, 5, and 15 d post-inoculation (dpi). Samples were analyzed using triplex qRT-PCR to detect changes in RNA quantities for all viruses. Detectible PRRSV in the feed demonstrated a quadratic decrease over time (P = 0.038). A significant treatment × day interaction was observed in the feed for both PEDV (P = 0.008) and SVA (P &lt; 0.001). The 0.5% BA treatment had greater (P &lt; 0.05) amounts of detectible PEDV on d 2 and 5 and decreased detectible PEDV on d 15 compared with control. The 0.5% BA treated feed demonstrated decreased (P &lt; 0.05) detectable SVA at 2 dpi but greater detectible SVA at 15 dpi compared with control. Both PEDV and SVA demonstrated viral degradation over time. The use of the EO in the vitamin premix had no evidence of main or interactive effects. In conclusion, 0.5% BA decreased PEDV at 15 dpi, but BA and EO mitigation in this model did not provide consistent evidence for increased viral degradation. However, time decreased detectability of all three viruses.
PSI-6 Evaluating Formic Acid and Glycerol Monolaurate Alone or in Combination on Weanling Pig Growth and Fecal Consistency
Authors: Smallfield Jessica , Dahmer Payton L , Harrison Olivia , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A total of 350 weanling pigs (DNA 200 x 400, initially 5.67 0.06 kg BW) were fed for 42 d in a completely randomized design. There were 5 pigs/pen and 14 pens/treatment. The 5 dietary treatments included: 1) nursery diet with no additives (CON), 2) control with 3,000 ppm ZnO in phase 1 and 2,000 ppm ZnO in phase 2 (ZnO); 3) control with 0.7% formic acid (Amasil NA, BASF; FA), 4) control with 0.18% glycerol monolaurate (Natural Biologics GML, Newfield, NY; GML), 5) control with a 1.0% blend of formic acid and GML (FORMI 3G, ADDCON GmbH, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany; FORMI). Individual pig and feeder weights were collected weekly to determine average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed (G:F). From d 7 to d 35, fresh fecal samples (10 g) were collected weekly from the same 3 pigs per pen. Samples were dried in a 55 oven for 48 h to determine fecal DM %. In the first week post-weaning, pigs fed ZnO or FORMI 3G had increased (P = 0.03) ADG compared with pigs fed the control. From d 0 to d 42, pigs fed GML had reduced (P &lt; 0.0001) ADG compared with pigs fed the control, ZnO, or FORMI 3G. No evidence of differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed for ADFI and G:F. For fecal DM, there was a significant treatment x day interaction (P = 0.04). Pigs fed GML had significantly less fecal DM % on d 7, but a higher fecal DM % on d 14 and 21. By d 28, fecal DM had standardized across dietary treatments. In summary, feeding FA and GML alone or together did not improve growth performance compared with a control during our experiment.
Antiphospholipid antibody positivity and the thrombotic risk in Japanese patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Suzuki Junya , Furuta Shunsuke , Sugiyama Takahiro , Iwamoto Taro , Ikeda Kei , Suzuki Kotaro , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesIt has been reported that 21.0–51.7% of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients were antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-positive. However, the clinical significance of aPL positivity in AAV is not fully understood.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed patients with AAV diagnosed from 2013 to 2020 at our hospital. Positivity of aPL was defined as positivity of anti-cardiolipin antibody, anti-cardiolipin β2 glycoprotein 1 complex antibody, and/or lupus anticoagulant at least one time during the follow-up periods. The thrombotic risk of aPL positivity was examined by multivariate analyses with the Cox regression model.ResultsA total of 93 patients with a median age of 71.9 years were included in the study. The median follow-up period was 35.4 months. Thirty-one patients (33.3%) were aPL-positive. Twenty-two thrombotic events occurred in 17 patients (18.3%). Thrombotic events occurred more frequently in aPL-positive patients than in aPL-negative patients (P = 0.011). Multivariate analyses with two different models identified aPL positivity as a thrombotic risk factor (hazard ratios 4.302 and 5.956, 95% confidence intervals 1.546–11.968 and 1.940–18.281, respectively).ConclusionsThe proportion of aPL-positive patients was 33.3%, and aPL positivity increased the thrombotic risk in Japanese patients with AAV.
High replication stress and limited Rad51-mediated DNA repair capacity, but not oxidative stress, underlie oligodendrocyte precursor cell radiosensitivity
Authors: Berger N Daniel , Brownlee Peter M , Chen Myra J , Morrison Hali , Osz Katalin , Ploquin Nicolas P , Chan Jennifer A , Goodarzi Aaron A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cranial irradiation is part of the standard of care for treating pediatric brain tumors. However, ionizing radiation can trigger serious long-term neurologic sequelae, including oligodendrocyte and brain white matter loss enabling neurocognitive decline in children surviving brain cancer. Oxidative stress-mediated oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) radiosensitivity has been proposed as a possible explanation for this. Here, however, we demonstrate that antioxidants fail to improve OPC viability after irradiation, despite suppressing oxidative stress, suggesting an alternative etiology for OPC radiosensitivity. Using systematic approaches, we find that OPCs have higher irradiation-induced and endogenous γH2AX foci compared to neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes and mature oligodendrocytes, and these correlate with replication-associated DNA double strand breakage. Furthermore, OPCs are reliant upon ATR kinase and Mre11 nuclease-dependent processes for viability, are more sensitive to drugs increasing replication fork collapse, and display synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitors after irradiation. This suggests an insufficiency for homology-mediated DNA repair in OPCs—a model that is supported by evidence of normal RPA but reduced RAD51 filament formation at resected lesions in irradiated OPCs. We therefore propose a DNA repair-centric mechanism of OPC radiosensitivity, involving chronically-elevated replication stress combined with ‘bottlenecks’ in RAD51-dependent DNA repair that together reduce radiation resilience.
Nebulized Bacteriophage in a Patient With Refractory Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Disease
Authors: Dedrick Rebekah M , Freeman Krista G , Nguyen Jan A , Bahadirli-Talbott Asli , Cardin Mitchell E , Cristinziano Madison , Smith Bailey E , Jeong Soowan , Ignatius Elisa H , Lin Cheng Ting , Cohen Keira A , Hatfull Graham F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An elderly man with refractory Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease previously developed anti-phage neutralizing antibodies while receiving intravenous phage therapy. Subsequent phage nebulization resulted in transient weight gain, decreased C-reactive protein, and reduced Mycobacterium burden. Weak sputum neutralization may have limited the outcomes, but phage resistance was not a contributing factor.
Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on the Outcome of Patients With Enterococcal Bacteremia: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tholany Joseph , Kobayashi Takaaki , Marra Alexandre R , Schweizer Marin L , Samuelson Riley J , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Enterococcal bacteremia carries significant mortality. While multiple studies have evaluated the impact of infectious disease consultation (IDC) on this condition, these studies were limited by the low numbers of patients enrolled. This systemic literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether IDC is associated with a mortality benefit among patients with enterococcal bacteremia.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search using 5 databases for studies evaluating IDC among patients with enterococcal bacteremia. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess whether IDC was associated with reduced mortality. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (pORs). Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 estimation and the Cochran's Q statistic test.

Results
The systematic literature review revealed 6496 reports, from which 18 studies were evaluated in the literature review and 16 studies in the meta-analysis. When all studies were pooled, the association between IDC and mortality was not statistically significant with a pOR of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.61–1.08) and substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 58%). When the studies were limited to those reporting multivariate analysis including IDC, there was a significant protective effect of IDC (pOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24–0.68) without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Some studies also showed additional benefits to IDC, including appropriate antibiotic therapy and improved diagnostic use.

Conclusions
IDC was associated with 60% lower odds of mortality when patients were well-matched, potentially through improvement in the care of patients with enterococcal bacteremia. IDC should be considered part of routine care for patients with enterococcal bacteremia.
Strategies to Promote Racial Healthcare Equity in Pain Medicine: A Call to Action
Authors: Telusca Natacha , Gaisey Juliet N , Woods Charonn , Khan James S , Mackey Sean 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the past several years, many national events have illuminated the inequities faced by the Black community in all aspects of life, including healthcare. To close the gap in healthcare equity, it is imperative that clinicians examine their practices for disparities in the treatment of minority patients and for racial injustice and take responsibility for improving any issues. As leaders in pain medicine, we can start by improving our understanding of healthcare disparities and inequities among racial and ethnic minorities and translating that knowledge into a cultural transformation to improve the care of those impacted. In this paper, we identify the areas of medicine in which pain assessment and treatment are not equitably delivered. As we acknowledge these disparities, we will highlight reasons for these incongruences in care and clarify how clinicians can act to ensure that all patients are treated equitably, with equal levels of compassion.
Conflict over the Eukaryote Root Resides in Strong Outliers, Mosaics and Missing Data Sensitivity of Site-Specific (CAT) Mixture Models
Authors: Al Jewari Caesar , Baldauf Sandra L 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhylogenetic reconstruction using concatenated loci (“phylogenomics” or “supermatrix phylogeny”) is a powerful tool for solving evolutionary splits that are poorly resolved in single gene/protein trees. However, recent phylogenomic attempts to resolve the eukaryote root have yielded conflicting results, along with claims of various artifacts hidden in the data. We have investigated these conflicts using two new methods for assessing phylogenetic conflict. ConJak uses whole marker (gene or protein) jackknifing to assess deviation from a central mean for each individual sequence, whereas ConWin uses a sliding window to screen for incongruent protein fragments (mosaics). Both methods allow selective masking of individual sequences or sequence fragments in order to minimize missing data, an important consideration for resolving deep splits with limited data. Analyses focused on a set of 76 eukaryotic proteins of bacterial ancestry previously used in various combinations to assess the branching order among the three major divisions of eukaryotes: Amorphea (mainly animals, fungi, and Amoebozoa), Diaphoretickes (most other well-known eukaryotes and nearly all algae) and Excavata, represented here by Discoba (Jakobida, Heterolobosea, and Euglenozoa). ConJak analyses found strong outliers to be concentrated in undersampled lineages, whereas ConWin analyses of Discoba, the most undersampled of the major lineages, detected potentially incongruent fragments scattered throughout. Phylogenetic analyses of the full data using an LG-gamma model support a Discoba sister scenario (neozoan-excavate root), which rises to 99–100% bootstrap support with data masked according to either protocol. However, analyses with two site-specific (CAT) mixture models yielded widely inconsistent results and a striking sensitivity to missing data. The neozoan-excavate root places Amorphea and Diaphoretickes as more closely related to each other than either is to Discoba, a fundamental relationship that should remain unaffected by additional taxa. [CAT-GTR; Discoba; eukaryote tree of life; HGT; jackknife; mixture models; mosaic genes; phylogenomics; sliding window; supermatrix.]
DESCEMET STRIPPING AUTOMATED ENDOTHELIAL KERATOPLASTY GRAFT IN-THE-BAG POSTERIOR DISLOCATION
Authors: Levine Harry , Gibbons Allister , Martinez Jaime D. , Smiddy William E. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this report was to describe a case of a dislocated Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty graft retained in-the-bag removed with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods:
This was a case report.

Results:
A 69-year-old pseudophakic man who underwent a repeat Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty due to bullous keratopathy in the setting of multiple previous ocular surgeries presented with a vision of counting fingers. On examination, a Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty graft was appreciated behind the intraocular lens obscuring the visual axis and presumed to be in the anterior vitreous. The patient underwent a 23-gauge vitrectomy, and after a posterior capsulotomy, the dislocated graft was removed with a 23-gauge vitrector without complications. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 6 months after the PPV. Grafts can dislocate posteriorly between the intraocular lens and the posterior capsule. The dislocated graft can be successfully extricated with a 23-gauge vitrector after a careful posterior capsulotomy, with good visual outcomes.

Importance:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an in-the-bag Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty graft posterior dislocation. Furthermore, we showed an innovative surgical technique for the removal of the dislocated graft with a 23-gauge vitrectomy and posterior capsulotomy.