bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for treatment of diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation
Authors: Lemke Adley , Brokmeier Hannah M. , Leung Sarah B. , Mara Kristin C. , Mour Girish K. , Wadei Hani M. , Hill Jennifer M. , Stegall Mark , Kudva Yogish C. , Shah Pankaj , Kukla Aleksandra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes mellitus in kidney transplant recipients is a risk factor for cardiovascular events and premature death. Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are increasingly used in nontransplant populations to improve diabetes control and cardiovascular and renal benefits. Limited literature exists regarding the safety and efficacy of these agents in renal transplant recipients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all kidney transplant recipients within our health system who were prescribed a SGLT2i after transplantation for diabetes. The safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of SGLT2i were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐nine kidney transplant recipients were initiated on SGLT2i therapy, twenty‐seven of which remained on therapy for at least 1 year. Ten (25%) patients experienced an adverse event while on a SGLT2i, with urinary tract infections (UTI) being the most common. Seventeen patients (43%) discontinued the SGLT2i at the time of chart review, most commonly due to cost and kidney function decline. The median [IQR] hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at SGLT2i initiation of 8.4% [7.8–9.2] decreased to 7.5% [6.8–8.0%] after 3 months and 7.5% [6.5–7.9] after 12 months. No meaningful change in kidney function or tacrolimus exposure was observed.ConclusionSGLT2i may be a safe and effective treatment for diabetes in kidney transplant recipients. Cost is a barrier to SGLT2i therapy, and UTIs were the most frequently encountered adverse events in this cohort. More studies are needed to understand the safety profile and determine the effect of SGLT2i on diabetes‐related comorbidities among kidney transplant recipients.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic equivalence of Biocon's biosimilar Insulin 70/30 with US‐licensed HUMULIN® 70/30 formulation in healthy subjects: Results from the RHINE‐3 (Recombinant Human INsulinEquivalence‐3) study
Authors: Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Klein Oliver , Singh Gursharan , Murugesan Sundara Moorthi Nainar , Marwah Ashwani , Sharma Nirant , Panda Jayanti , Loganathan Subramanian , Lakshmi Gopu Chandrasekharan , Athalye Sandeep N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo establish the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) equivalence of proposed biosimilar insulin 70/30 (Biocon's Insulin‐70/30) and HUMULIN® 70/30 (HUMULIN‐70/30; Eli Lilly and Company, IN).Materials and MethodsIn this phase 1, automated euglycaemic glucose clamp study, 78 healthy subjects were randomized (1:1) to receive a single dose of 0.4 IU/kg of Biocon's Insulin‐70/30 and HUMULIN‐70/30. Plasma insulin concentrations and glucose infusion rates (GIRs) were assessed over 24 hours. Primary PK endpoints were area under the insulin concentration‐time curve from 0 to 24 hours ‐ AUCins.0−24h ‐ and maximum insulin concentration ‐ Cins.max. Primary PD endpoints were area under the GIR time curve from 0 to 24 hours ‐ AUCGIR.0−24h ‐ and maximum GIR ‐ GIRmax.ResultsEquivalence was shown between Biocon's Insulin‐70/30 and HUMULIN‐70/30 for the primary PK/PD endpoints. The 90% confidence intervals of the treatment ratios were entirely within the acceptance range of 80.00%‐125.00%. The secondary PK/PD profiles were also comparable. There were no clinically relevant differences in the safety profiles of the two treatments and no serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionPK/PD equivalence was demonstrated between Biocon's Insulin‐70/30 and HUMULIN‐70/30 in healthy subjects. Treatment with Biocon's Insulin‐70/30 and HUMULIN‐70/30 was well tolerated.
Colletotrichum (Ascomycota, Glomerellaceae) associated with native woody plants in natural ecosystems: What do we know?
Authors: Zapata Mario , Palfner Götz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe genus Colletotrichum comprises an important and diverse group of endophytes, saprophytes and plant pathogens, many of which cause a syndrome known as anthracnose, on a wide range of hosts, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Since most of the accumulated research on the genus focuses on cultivated plants of commercial interest, the aim of this review was to explore how the genus has been studied in native woody plants in natural ecosystems. Following the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews, we identified 52 original scientific publications that recorded Colletotrichum species associated with native woody hosts in natural environments in a taxonomic, ecological or phytosanitary context. Here, we conclude that research in natural ecosystems is scarce, mostly carried out in tropical areas and mainly focused on aspects of community ecology. We also observed the cosmopolitan nature of the genus, associated with many hosts, mostly as endophytes. The species most frequently recorded were in the ‘gloeosporioides’ complex, although due to the limitations in identification methods used in the studies, a large proportion of records could not be identified or verified at the species level.
Understanding the joint impacts of soil architecture and microbial dynamics on soil functions: Insights derived from microscale models
Authors: Pot Valérie , Portell Xavier , Otten Wilfred , Garnier Patricia , Monga Olivier , Baveye Philippe C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the last decades, a new generation of microscale models has been developed to simulate soil microbial activity. An earlier article (Pot et al., 2021) presented a detailed review of the description of soil architecture and microbial dynamics in these models. In the present article, we summarise the main results obtained by these models according to six model outputs: growth and spatial organisation of microbial colonies, soil hydraulic conductivity, coexistence and trophic interactions of microorganisms, temporal dynamics of the amount of solid and dissolved organic matter in soil and, microbial production of CO2. For each of these outputs, we draw particular attention to the respective roles of soil architecture and microbial dynamics, and we report how microscale models allow for disentangling and quantifying them. We finally discuss limitations and future directions of microscale models in combination with the on‐going development of high‐performance imaging tools revealing the spatial heterogeneity of the actors of soil microbial activity.Highlights
We review the insights on soil functions derived from microscale models of soil microbial processes.
Microscale models disentangle the complex interactions between soil architecture and microbial dynamics.
Spatial accessibility of resources to microbes, growth and ecological interactions are key factors in soil functions.
Translation of knowledge of interactions at the microscopic scale into larger scales is still in its infancy.
The characteristics of intracranial plaques of unilateral, anterior circulation embolic stroke of undetermined source: An analysis of different subtypes based on high‐resolution imaging
Authors: Shang Zi‐Yang , Tao Lin , Li Xiao‐Qiu , Yang Ben‐Qiang , Ntaios George , Chen Hui‐Sheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to investigate the characteristics of non‐stenotic intracranial plaque (NSIP) in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) subtypes by high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsConsecutive patients with ESUS who were mandatory for high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively enrolled. Based on the location and arterial supply of the infarct, the ESUS were categorized into three types: cortical ESUS, subcortical ESUS and mixed ESUS. The NSIP parameters including plaque location, morphology (plaque distribution, remodeling index and plaque burden) and composition (thick fibrous cap, discontinuity of plaque surface, intraplaque hemorrhage and complicated plaque) were evaluated amongst the subtypes.ResultsOf 243 patients, there were 87 (35.8%) cortical ESUS, 127 (52.3%) subcortical ESUS and 29 (11.9%) mixed ESUS. Significant differences were found in plaque location (p < 0.001), plaque quadrant (p < 0.001), remodeling index (p < 0.001), plaque burden (p < 0.001), discontinuity of plaque surface (p < 0.001), intraplaque hemorrhage (p = 0.001) and complicated plaque (p < 0.001) of ipsilateral NISP amongst the different ESUS subtypes, except for fibrous cap (p = 0.135). However, no differences were found amongst contralateral NISP. In addition, the clinical characteristics of the differences between ESUS subtypes were striking, including age (p = 0.004), initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (p < 0.001), coronary artery disease (p = 0.039), serum urea (p = 0.011) and creatinine (p = 0.002).ConclusionThis is the first report of significantly heterogeneous characteristics of ipsilateral NSIP and clinical findings amongst ESUS subtypes, which may suggest their different underlying mechanisms.
A real‐world evidence study of nabiximols in multiple sclerosis patients with resistant spasticity: Analysis in relation to the newly described ‘spasticity‐plus syndrome’
Authors: Patti Francesco , Chisari Clara Grazia , Fernández Óscar , Sarroca Jorge , Ferrer‐Picón Elena , Hernández Vicente Francisco , Vila Silván Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNabiximols is a therapeutic option for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) spasticity whose symptoms are poorly controlled by conventional oral first‐line medications. This study aimed to assess the relationship between changes in spasticity severity (measured on the 0–10 numeric rating scale [NRS]) and the presence of associated symptoms in patients treated with nabiximols, and to investigate the presence of the newly described ‘spasticity‐plus syndrome’.MethodsWe analyzed real‐world data from the Italian Medicines Agency e‐Registry on 1138 patients with MS spasticity who began treatment with nabiximols. Evaluation time points were baseline, 4 weeks, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after treatment start.ResultsCommon symptoms associated with MS spasticity in this cohort were pain (38.4% at baseline), sleep disturbances (32.7%), and spasms/cramps (28.5%). Pain was frequently clustered with sleep disturbances (57.2% of pain cases) and spasms/cramps (43.9%). Approximately one‐third of patients with data at all evaluation time points maintained treatment at 18 months. Nabiximols reduced the baseline mean spasticity 0–10 NRS score by 24.6% at Week 4, and by 33.9% at 18 months in treatment continuers. Nabiximols resolved a range of MS spasticity‐associated symptoms at Week 4, and after 18 months in treatment continuers.ConclusionThis real‐world analysis supports the concept of a spasticity‐plus syndrome and suggests that nabiximols can favorably impact a range of spasticity‐associated symptoms.
Elderly consumers in marketing research: A systematic literature review and directions for future research
Authors: Berg Hanna , Liljedal Karina T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper reports a theme‐based structured systematic literature review of the growing body of marketing research about elderly consumers. By synthesizing, explicating, and relating this research, the paper offers a structured view of the past and present state of the research field and integrates it into a theoretical framework. The literature review was based on 209 marketing research articles published from the early 1970s to 2021. It identified 13 research topics, which were subsequently grouped into three themes: (1) describing and defining the elderly market segment, (2) age changes and the elderly consumer, and (3) marketing responses of elderly consumers. Based on these themes, the paper presents a theoretical framework and provides directions for future marketing research on elderly consumers. The systematic literature review thus provides clarity to a wide and interdisciplinary research field, facilitating its continued growth.
The Hegemonic Politics of ‘Strategic Autonomy’ and ‘Resilience’: COVID‐19 and the Dislocation of EU Trade Policy
Authors: Jacobs Thomas , Gheyle Niels , De Ville Ferdi , Orbie Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 in March 2020 led to substantial upheaval in the EU's trade policy. Over the course of a year, EU Trade Policy as a field witnessed the launch of hitherto unthinkable ideas; the proliferation of a range of new buzzwords such as resilience, autonomy, and reshoring; and ultimately the arrival of a new consensus in the Trade Policy Review of February 2021. This article uses a discourse‐theoretical approach (PDT) to retrace the political process that unfolded throughout this year, from the start of the COVID‐19 crisis, to a fundamental dislocation of EU trade politics, and ultimately to the consolidation of a partial, temporary, and frail new hegemony within the policy field. Our goal is to explain the trajectory and the dynamics of this process by studying the discourses, the framings, and the political strategies that comprised the hegemonic struggle underlying it.
Monocot diet sources drive diversity of gut bacterial communities in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae
Authors: Ugwu Juliana Amaka , Wenzi Ren , Asiegbu Fred O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicrobiome research is currently gaining tremendous interest on the impact of diets and environment to influence life traits of several hosts. Full understanding of the insect ecology and characterization of gut microbial community including their natural enemies is vital for development of novel insect pest management strategies. This study examined the gut bacterial communities of Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda reared in the laboratory with three monocot plant diets (Sugarcane [M1], maize [M2] and onion [M3]) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study revealed variations in the structure and community of the gut bacterial biota of FAW larvae reared with three monocot plants. Diet sources greatly altered the structure of the gut bacterial community. Three alpha diversity indices (observed species richness Chao1 and ACE) showed significant differences among the various diet groups. The principal component analysis revealed a moderate distinction in bacterial communities of the FAW larvae reared with the three monocot plants. Higher numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in sugarcane diet (M1). The bacterial communities of all the larvae groups were dominated by phylum Firmicutes. A redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.0005) was the most significant factors influencing the community distribution of gut bacteria of FAW larvae. Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) analysis predicted that chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, aerobic chemoheterotrophy and aromatic compound degradation were the prominent putative functions of FAW larvae gut bacteria communities. Chemoheterotrophy was the most dominant putative functions predicted and was higher in sugarcane diet. Furthermore, the complexity of the network structure was higher in M1 while the modularity was higher in maize diet. The different monocot diets had a considerable impact on bacterial composition in the gut of Fall armyworm larvae and their ecological and functional relevance are discussed.
Surgical management of facial congenital melanocytic nevi: Experiences and outcomes at an academic center
Authors: Xie Yue , Chen Qiang , Li Tianwu , Ding Xionghui , Xiao Jun , Liu Yan , Qiu Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital melanocytic nevi (CMN), benign pigmented birthmarks caused by the mutation of melanocytic cells during embryofetal development, can cause aesthetic problem when it is located on the face. Surgical managements of facial CMN are required by both pediatric patients and their parents. Surgical management, including excision or staged excision, skin grafting, dermabrasion, tissue expansion or multiple re‐expansion combined with flaps transplantation, have been reported previously. However, a systematical report about facial CMN management is still scarce.ObjectiveHerein, we have reviewed our serious of patients with facial CMN, noting their size, location, and histological examination, summarizing the surgical relation behind reconstructive and cosmetic treatment, and proposing a newly classification for facial CMN among pediatric patients, hoping to share a useful surgical algorithm for these lesions on this specific part.ConclusionProper surgical strategy should be made based on the size and location of the nevi and the adjacent relationship between the location and relaxed skin tension lines and aesthetic units. Postoperative ant‐scar treatment improves aesthetic outcomes. With our experience and surgical algorithm about facial CMN surgery, a favorable outcome can be achieved.
Plasticity across levels: Relating epigenomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic responses to osmotic stress in a halotolerant microalga
Authors: Leung Christelle , Grulois Daphné , Chevin Luis‐Miguel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce alternative phenotypes in response to its environment of development, is an important mechanism for coping with variable environments. While the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity are diverse, their relative contributions need to be investigated quantitatively to better understand the evolvability of plasticity across biological levels. This requires relating plastic responses of the epigenome, transcriptome, and organismal phenotype, and investigating how they vary with the genotype. Here we carried out this approach for responses to osmotic stress in Dunaliella salina, a green microalga that is a model organism for salinity tolerance. We compared two strains that show markedly different demographic responses to osmotic stress, and showed that these phenotypic responses involve strain‐ and environment‐specific variation in gene expression levels, but a relative low—albeit significant—effect of strain × environment interaction. We also found an important genotype effect on the genome‐wide methylation pattern, but little contribution from environmental conditions to the latter. However, we did detect a significant marginal effect of epigenetic variation on gene expression, beyond the influence of genetic differences on epigenetic state, and we showed that hypomethylated regions are correlated with higher gene expression. Our results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms are either not involved in the rapid plastic response to environmental change in this species, or involve only few changes in trans that are sufficient to trigger concerted changes in the expression of many genes, and phenotypic responses by multiple traits.
In vivo phenotyping of the microvasculature in necrotizing enterocolitis with multicontrast optical imaging
Authors: Senarathna Janaka , Kovler Mark , Prasad Ayush , Bhargava Akanksha , Thakor Nitish V. , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Hackam David J. , Pathak Arvind P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal emergency in premature infants and is characterized by a dysfunctional gut microcirculation. Therefore, there is a dire need for in vivo methods to characterize NEC‐induced changes in the structure and function of the gut microcirculation, that is, its vascular phenotype. Since in vivo gut imaging methods are often slow and employ a single‐contrast mechanism, we developed a rapid multicontrast imaging technique and a novel analyses pipeline for phenotyping the gut microcirculation.MethodsUsing an experimental NEC model, we acquired in vivo images of the gut microvasculature and blood flow over a 5000 × 7000 μm2 field of view at 5 μm resolution via the following two endogenous contrast mechanisms: intrinsic optical signals and laser speckles. Next, we transformed intestinal images into rectilinear “flat maps,” and delineated 1A/V gut microvessels and their perfusion territories as “intestinal vascular units” (IVUs). Employing IVUs, we quantified and visualized NEC‐induced changes to the gut vascular phenotype.ResultsIn vivo imaging required 60–100 s per animal. Relative to the healthy gut, NEC intestines showed a significant overall decrease (i.e. 64–72%) in perfusion, accompanied by vasoconstriction (i.e. 9–12%) and a reduction in perfusion entropy (19%)within sections of the vascular bed.ConclusionsMulticontrast imaging coupled with IVU‐based in vivo vascular phenotyping is a powerful new tool for elucidating NEC pathogenesis.
Towards a more precise classification of esophageal motility disorders in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Marabotto Elisa , Savarino Vincenzo , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic and generalized disease affecting the connective tissue of the skin and many internal organs, in particular the gastrointestinal tract. The esophagus is involved in up to 80% of the cases and represents a major cause of serious morbidities that deeply impact on the quality of life and survival of patients. Indeed, the presence of esophageal dysfunction is a good prognostic indicator in SSc, primarily due to its impact on pulmonary disease. Thus, the detection of esophageal motility alterations plays a critical role to prevent the development of both esophageal and pulmonary complications and to improve the survival of these patients. Currently, this diagnostic work‐up has been limited to the use of esophageal manometry, which is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of motor physiology and pathophysiology of this organ in different clinical situations. However, in recent years, new equipments such as high‐resolution (−impedance) manometry and functional luminal imaging probe have been developed and used in many esophageal clinical settings, including SSc. In this mini‐review, we summarize current evidence regarding esophageal dysmotility, in the light of new data on secondary peristalsis published in this issue of the journal.
Acquisition of a complex root microbiome reshapes the transcriptomes of rice plants
Authors: Santos‐Medellín Christian , Edwards Joseph , Nguyen Bao , Sundaresan Venkatesan 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Soil microorganisms can colonize plant roots and assemble in communities engaged in symbiotic relationships with their host. Though the compositional dynamics of root‐associated microbiomes have been extensively studied, the host transcriptional response to these communities is poorly understood.

Here, we developed an experimental system by which rice plants grown under axenic conditions can acquire a defined endosphere microbiome. Using this setup, we performed a cross‐sectional characterization of plant transcriptomes in the presence or absence of a complex microbial community. To account for compositional variation, plants were inoculated with soil‐derived microbiomes harvested from three distinct agricultural sites.

Soil microbiomes triggered a major shift in the transcriptional profiles of rice plants that included the downregulation of one‐third to one‐fourth of the families of leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases and nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors expressed in roots. Though the expression of several genes was consistent across all soil sources, a large fraction of this response was differentially impacted by soil type.

These results demonstrate the role of root microbiomes in sculpting the transcriptomes of host plants and highlight the potential involvement of the two main receptor families of the plant immune system in the recruitment and maintenance of an endosphere microbiome.