bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autopsy-Related Work Experience
Authors: Udoh M O 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Despite benefits, autopsy rates continue to fall globally. The effects of education, religion, and culture on autopsy rates are well documented.

Aim:
This study examines the knowledge and attitudes of health personnel, aiming to identify other factors affecting autopsy rates in our environment.

Subjects and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional non-intervention study using semi-structured questionnaires and Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21, for data collection and analysis.

Results:
Seventeen percent, 50%, and 33% of participants had good, fair, and poor knowledge about autopsies, respectively. Poor understanding of the legal framework governing autopsies accounted for significant gaps in knowledge. Knowledge grade differed significantly amongst the different professional groups (χ
2 = 33.14; P value = 0.016). Eighty-two percent had good attitudes toward autopsy, though only 63% indicated approval. About 74% percent indicated willingness to consent to autopsies on relations, while 45.3% indicated willingness to consent to autopsy on self-remains. Autopsy-related work experience correlated strongly with both knowledge (χ
2 = 22.34; P value = 0.004) and attitude (χ
2 = 24.28; P value = 0.004) grades. Multinominal regression analysis showed autopsy-related work experience to be an independent determinant of willingness to consent to autopsy on self (P value = 0.023).

Conclusion:
Autopsy rates in Benin city and environs may reflect lack of knowledge or a misunderstanding of the laws guiding autopsy. Autopsy-related work experience is an important factor influencing knowledge and attitude of health personnel in this study. Its effect on autopsy request and acceptance rates should be further evaluated.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Children
Authors: Bakal U , Sarac M , Tartar T , Aydin M , Kara A , Gurgoze M K , Kazez A 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is frequently used in pediatric patients with renal failure.

Aim:
In the present study, we evaluated the indications and complications of PD and patients' outcomes in pediatric patients.

Patients and Methods:
Medical records of patients who underwent PD between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups as acute PD (APD) (Group 1) and chronic PD (CPD) (Group 2). If the patient was diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI), an APD catheter was inserted, while a CPD catheter was inserted for patients with stage 5 chronic renal failure or those in which AKI persisted for more than 6 weeks.

Results:
Group 1 and Group 2 consisted of 62 and 64 patients, respectively. The most common indications for PD were AKI (64.5%) in Group 1, and obstructive uropathy and reflux nephropathy (45.3%) in Group 2. The overall complication rate was 30%. These were leakage at the catheter insertion site (11.2%), catheter occlusion (4.8%), and peritonitis (4.8%) in Group 1; and peritonitis (14.1%), catheter occlusion (6.2%), and inguinal hernia (4.6%) in Group 2. The mortality rate was 72.5% and 23.4% in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The most common causes of mortality were multisystem organ failure (40%) and sepsis (33.5%) in both groups. A total of 83 patients (32 in Group 1 and 51 in Group 2) had omentectomy. Catheter revision and/or removal were performed in 11.9% of all patients. Omentectomy had no effect on the prevention of catheter occlusion (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The mortality rate is lower in CPD patients than in APD patients. Although PD in pediatric patients is associated with potential complications, its actual rate is relatively low. The primary catheter dysfunction rate is low, and omentectomy has no significant effect on preventing catheter occlusion.
Covid-19 Phobia in Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Workers in Turkey
Authors: Şahin Ç E , Değger M S , Sezerol M A , Özdemir M Y 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) outbreak has its social, economic, and political effects on wider society, as well as physical and mental health effects on individuals. The psychological and social impacts are more apparent and common on emergency health care workers who have close contact with patients.

Aim:
Our study aims to investigate coronaphobia in emergency health care workers.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in July 2020 with 253 people working under the Bingöl 112 Provincial Ambulance Service Chief of Staff. The data of the study were collected using a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions, pandemic process, and the Coronavirus-19 Phobia Scale. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean total score of COVID-19 phobia in 112 employees was 58.03 ± 18.78. The sub-dimension scores are psychological 21.92 ± 6.19, somatic 10.83 ± 5.68, social 15.98 ± 5.60, and economic 9.28 ± 4.18. Psychological and social sub-dimension scores and total COVID-19 phobia score of women, the somatic sub-dimension score of married people, all sub-dimension scores, and total COVID-19 phobia score of those who had contact with COVID-19-positive patients were found to be significantly higher (P < .05).

Conclusions:
Close contact with patients, working conditions, and the heavy schedule of nightshifts increase psychological and social fear in emergency health care workers. It is important to provide psychosocial support to emergency health care workers during the pandemic period.
Comparative Analysis of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 as a Correlate of Cardiovascular Disease Among Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertensives, and Healthy Controls
Authors: Abiola B I , Raji Y R , Ajayi S , Adeoye A M , Salako B L , Arije A , Kadiri S 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global growing public health epidemic with attending morbidity and huge financial cost. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major complication of CKD, contributes to its excessive mortality rate. The aetio-pathogenesis of the excess burden of CVD in CKD is a feature yet to be unravelled. Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) has been implicated as a risk factor for CVD among patients with CKD. However, most of these studies were predominantly among the Caucasian population.

Aim:
This study aims to determine the correlation between FGF-23 and CVD among Nigerians with CKD.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional comparative study composed of three groups: participants with CKD, hypertensives without CKD, and healthy individuals, represented as group 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Information obtained included demographic data and occurrence of risk factors for CVD. Cardiovascular risks were assessed by echocardiography and all the participants had kidney function tests done with plasma FGF-23.

Results:
The study sample size consisted of 135 participants. The mean (SD) age for participants with CKD and controls were 50.2 (12.7), 54.3 (15.5), and 40.2 (14.1) years, respectively. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] of plasma FGF-23 for participants with CKD 210 (139–304) RU/ml, and controls 124 (86–170) RU/ml, and 71 (38 – 89) RU/ml P < 0.001. Most participants with CKD had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (80.0%), compared to the controls; 28.9% and 6.7% P < 0.001. Similarly, majority of participants with CKD had elevated plasma FGF-23 with LVH (85.7%) compared to controls 55.6% and 11.5%, whereas for aortic valve calcification with elevated plasma FGF-23 among CKD and controls were 53.6% (P = 0.29), 37.0% (P = 0.03), and 19.2% (P = 0.06), respectively.

Conclusion:
Individuals with CKD had frequencies of elevated plasma FGF-23, LVH, and cardiac valve calcification, which are surrogates of cardiovascular events.
Evaluation of Intra-Cranial Pressure Changes by Measuring the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter During the Lung Recruitment Maneuver in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Komurcu Ozgür , Dost Burhan , Unal Neslihan , Ulger Fatma 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) applied in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may increase the intra-cranial pressure (ICP).

Aims:
This study evaluated the effect of LRM on intra-cranial pressure changes in patients with ARDS by measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).

Patients and Methods:
LRM was applied to patients undergoing follow-up for ARDS, with a positive pressure of 30 cmH2O for 30 s. ONSD on ultra-sonography, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and hemodynamic parameters were measured before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 10 min after (T2) LRM. The primary endpoint was the effect of LRM on ONSD changes. The secondary endpoints included the effect of LRM on Cdyn, SpO2 change, and relationship between Cdyn and ONSD changes.

Results:
The study included 60 patients. ONSD was higher at T1 than at T0 (median [interquartile range]: 5.13 [0.4] vs. 5.3 [0.3] mm, P < 0.001) but was similar at T0 and T2 (5.13 [0.4] vs. 5.09 [0.37] mm, P = 0.36). Cdyn and SpO2 were significantly higher at T1 and T2 than at T0 (Cdyn: 22.3 [5.8] vs. 23.7 [7.5] vs. 19.4 [6.6] mL/cmH2O, P < 0.001; SpO2: 90[2] vs. 92[4] vs. 88[4] %, P = 0.013). A significant correlation existed between Cdyn and ONSD changes, which increased at T2 compared to T0 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
LRM applied in ARDS causes a short-term increase in ONSD. However, Cdyn increases 10 min after LRM and causes ONSD, thereby leading to a decrease in ICP.
Relationship between Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Renal Replacement Treatment and Mortality in Patients with Covid-19
Authors: Kemeç Z , Akgül F 
Published: August 2022

Background:
It has been reported that the most affected organ by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the lung, closely followed by the kidney.

Aim:
Over the course of the COVID-19, the factors affecting mortality in acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (AKI-RRRT) have not been known. This study was conducted in order to shed light on this issue.

Patients and Methods:
There were 64 patients in total. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of a control group that comprised 33 subjects who did not have AKI during the time in which they were infected with COVID-19. Group 2 was COVID-19 related AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (COVID-19 AKI-RRRT), which included 31 subjects who were exposed to AKI-RRRT.

Results:
İn Group 2, 27 (87%) patients died and 4 (13%) patients were recovered. The predominance of comorbidity and presence of more than one additional disease (p < 0.05), the excessive number of inpatients in intensive care unit (ICU) (p < 0.05), high mortality rates (p < 0.05), advanced age (p < 0.05), and long hospitalization periods (p < 0.05) were evident in Group 2. Serum levels of variables such as white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), ferritin, D-dimer, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and prothrombin time (PT) were high for patients in the Group 2 (p < 0.05) group. However, serum levels of lymphocyte, hemoglobin (HGB), and albumin were low.

Conclusions:
It can be argued that COVİD-19 AKI-RRRT is associated with higher mortality.
Assessment of Glaucoma Awareness, Uptake, and Satisfaction with a Free, Targeted Glaucoma Screening Program Southwest in Nigeria
Authors: Sarimiye T F , Monye H , Abo-Briggs J , Abiola V 
Published: August 2022

Background:Glaucoma is a global public eye health concern, being the number one cause of irreversible blindness.Aim:It is commoner, has an earlier onset, and is more aggressive in people of African descent. Awareness creation and screening activities have been identified as key components of the glaucoma care pathway.Subjects and Methods:This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with analysis. The screening took place at the eye clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Participants comprised all consenting adults aged 40 years and above who presented following a prescheduled telephone appointment during the 2021 World Glaucoma Week (WGW) activities. The main outcome variables were the awareness of glaucoma, and the uptake of and satisfaction with the free screening program. The associations between participants' prior awareness of glaucoma and their socio-demographic and clinical features were explored using the Chi-squared test. APvalue of <0.05 was considered significant.Results:A total of 94 (47%) participants presented for the screening out of the 200 people who scheduled an appointment through the telephone appointment booking system. Forty-nine (52.1%) were males, and the mean (SD) age of participants was 55 years (10.9) with a range of 40–80 years. Fifty-eight (61.7%) participants had heard of glaucoma before the 2021 WGW awareness programs and 75.9% (44) gained some new knowledge from the programs. Newly diagnosed glaucoma was 9.6% (n = 9) of which seven (77.8%) had advanced glaucoma (CDR ≥0.9) in at least one eye. One hundred percent of the participants reported that they would recommend the screening to others.Conclusion:Targeted eye screening can help with the early detection of glaucoma. Patient satisfaction should be at the fore of eye health services to improve uptake.
Correlation between Prostate Volume Measured by Ultrasound and Symptoms Severity Score in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Obiesie A E , Nwofor A M E , Oranusi C K , Mbonu O O 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is a common urological condition in men older than 50 years. It is important in the aetiologies of life-threatening obstructive uropathies. Ultrasound measurement of prostate volume is non-invasive, easily available, and a cost-effective method, useful in assessing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). The International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) on the other hand objectively assesses symptoms severity in BOO patients.

Aim:
This study was aimed at determining the correlation between ultrasound-measured prostate volume and IPSS in men with BPH.

Patients and Methods:
Following ethical approval from the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Ethical Committee, 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were diagnosed with clinical BPH were enrolled into the study. They had no other identifiable cause of BOO except BPH after clinical evaluation. The IPSS, Quality of life score (QOL), and prostate volumes were measured. Correlation between prostate volume, IPSS, and QOL were done using SPSS version 20. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 69.3 ± 10.6 years with a range of 48–100 years. The mean prostate volume, IPSS, and QOL were 96.0 ± 70.5 cm3, 15.63 ± 8.6, and 4.8 ± 1.3, respectively. The highest recorded IPSS was 35 and the lowest was 4, whereas the smallest and largest recorded prostate volumes were 19 cm3 and 350 cm3, respectively. Nocturia was the major IPSS subscore. There was a weak positive correlation between prostate volume and IPSS in men with BPH (r = +0.109; P = 0.28) and between prostate volume and QOL (r = +0.072; P = 0.45). There was also a weak positive correlation between patients with only severe symptoms and corresponding prostate volumes (r = +0.122; P = 0.125). The correlation between patients with severe symptoms and their corresponding QOL was strong (r = +0.537; P = 0.135, respectively). These findings were, however, not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
There is a weak positive correlation between prostate volume measured by ultrasound and symptoms severity scores in patients with BPH, although not statistically significant. This may be as a result of the small sample size. A larger sample size may be able to achieve statistical significance.
Clinical Predictors of Circulatory Failure and Coexisting Morbidities in Children Seen in An Emergency Room in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Sadoh W E , Abiodun M T 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Circulatory failure (shock) is a life-threatening emergency referring to a state of poor tissue perfusion and resultant anaerobic respiration at a cellular level. It is a common pathway for several severe pediatric morbidities.

Aim:
We evaluated the clinical predictors of shock and coexisting morbidities in acutely-ill children.

Patients and Methods:
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire eliciting demography, clinical features, diagnoses/differentials, and comorbidities. After binary analysis, multiple logistic regression identified variables that independently predict circulatory failure in the participants, using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Five hundred and fifty-four children took part in the study. Their median age was 60 (IQR: 24–132) months, mean weight 16.3 ± 13.6 kg and mean height was 90.8 ± 33.2 cm; 53.7% of them were males while 46.3% were females. The incidence of shock was 14.3% among the participants on arrival at the emergency room. Febrile seizure (14.9%), dehydration (4.7%), pallor (3.1%), and coma (1.8%) were the clinical findings significantly associated with shock (P < 0.05). Leading underlying diagnoses and comorbidities associated with shock were severe malaria (85.4%) and severe sepsis (25.0%) (P ≤ 0.01). Also, seizure (OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04–0.13; P ≤ 0.001) and severe sepsis (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.65; P = 0.002) were independent predictors of circulatory failure.

Conclusion:
The presence of acute neurologic morbidities and severe infection predicts circulatory failure in the pediatric emergency setting. Early detection and prompt treatment will forestall shock-related complications in affected children.
Awareness of Medical Practitioners on the Link between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: ALADE Grace Onyenashia , OSAGBEMIRO Babatope Bamidele 
Published: August 2022

Background: It has been established that periodontitis is linked to some systemic conditions. It is therefore important for medical doctors to be aware of the association between this oral disease and systemic conditions so that they can refer their patients with dental needs, for supportive dental therapy. It is not yet clear how this link is understood or perceived among medical practitioners and there are limited studies in the literature on this, particularly in the South-South region of Nigeria
Objective: To assess awareness of the association between periodontitis and systemic conditions among medical practitioners and elicit the history of dental referral for supportive therapy.
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted among medical practitioners working at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Rivers State, Nigeria. Data collection (socio-demographic variables, level of awareness of the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases and history of dental referrals) was carried out using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The level of awareness was categorized as follows: limited (≤ 1 systemic disease associated with periodontitis), Fair (2-3 systemic diseases associated with periodontitis) and Good (≥ 4 systemic diseases associated with periodontitis). SPSS version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis, the p-value was considered significant at ≤ 0.05.
Results: A total of 162 out of 250 distributed questionnaires (64.8%) were analyzed. Majority (78.4%) of the participants had a limited level of awareness of the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases while 18.5% and 3.1% of the participants had fair and good levels of awareness respectively. Only 26.5% of the participants had referred patients to the dental clinic for supportive therapy
Conclusion: The level of awareness of the association between periodontal disease and systemic conditions among medical doctors in this study was limited
Ukrainian Intelligence in 1917-1921: Formation of Civil Position
Authors: Shevchyk T. 
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes the activities of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in 1917-1921. The author aims to determine the achievements and losses received by the Ukrainian scientific intelligentsia during 1917-1921. Attention is paid to their contribution to the development of science and culture of the period when the regimes in the Ukrainian lands were constantly changing and power passed from one to another. At the same time, the policies of these regimes differed radically depending on the foreign policy orientation and program principles of their leaders. At the same time, the Ukrainian intelligentsia reacted differently to the change of government. It was made an attempt to divide representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia into groups in accordance with their ideological and ideological orientation. The impact of political changes on key branches of science and culture is explored. It is determined that, on the one hand, the position of scientific institutions was unsatisfactory while cultural branches were revived and developed actively.
The article is written using the principle of systematization, methods of comparison and generalization, structuring and analysis. The scientific novelty of the study is justified by the determination of the factors that influenced the formation of scientific and cultural interpretations of the future existence of the Ukrainian intelligentsia during the Ukrainian revolution on the basis of analyzed historiography and archival materials, as well as identifying major achievements and errors in this information and worldview. The author emphasizes the importance of further scientific research of the problem, because today, despite a certain existing block of work on the topic, there are issues that need further study and reinterpretation.
Challenges Faced by Patients while Undertaking Treatment for Tuberculosis
Authors: Batra Suveera , Parwar Pallavi 
Published: August 2022

Despite the immunisation of 92% of the Indian population against tuberculosis with the bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (Statistica, 2019), India recorded 79,000 deaths due to this bacterial infection (The Times of India, 2020). Professionals in the field have tried to find the reason behind the high mortality and high infection rate in the country with the aim of eliminating tuberculosis in India by 2025 as part of the TB National Strategic Plan. A significant reason identified for this phenomenon is non-adherence to treatment due to challenges faced by the patients while undertaking treatment. The aim of the present research study is to identify the challenges faced by Indian tuberculosis patients visiting a dispensary in South Delhi undertaking treatment for tuberculosis and evaluating their relative importance in influencing their treatment experience through a mixed-method approach. The study was carried out by conducting a survey via phone with 35 Tuberculosis patients. Financial difficulties/loss of job/ school was found to have the highest mean rating which mirrors the trend in other developing countries such as Bangladesh. The study has implications for the government at different levels and private hospitals can be convinced that providing free-of-cost treatment is not enough and more budget should be allocated to tuberculosis treatment to ensure that patients receive a wholesome diet during and post-treatment. These changes combined would be a great step to improving public health crises such as the transmission of infectious diseases in developing countries like India.