bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of LPG cookstoves compared to usual cooking practices to reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity in rural Bangladesh called Poriborton: the CHANge trial
Authors: Raynes-Greenow Camille , Alam Ashraful , Billah Sk Masum , Islam Sajia , Agho Kingsley , Rokonuzzaman S. M. , Thornburg Jonathan , El Arifeen Shams , Chowdhury Atique Iqbal ,   The Poriborton Trial Team, Jalaludin Bin , Goodwin Nick , Hayes Alison , Huda Tanvir , Jaman Md. Jahiduj , Khan Jasmin , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Household air pollution is a leading health risk for global morbidity and mortality and a major health risk in South Asia. However, there are no prospective investigations of the impact of household air pollution on perinatal morbidity and mortality. Our trial aims to assess the impact of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking to reduce household air pollution exposure on perinatal morbidity and mortality compared to usual cooking practices in Bangladesh.

Hypothesis
In a community-based cluster randomised controlled trial of pregnant women cooking with LPG throughout pregnancy, perinatal mortality will be reduced by 35% compared with usual cooking practices in a rural community in Bangladesh.

Methods
A two-arm community-based cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in the Sherpur district, Bangladesh. In the intervention arm, pregnant women receive an LPG cookstove and LPG in cylinders supplied throughout pregnancy until birth. In the control or usual practice arm, pregnant women continue their usual cooking practices, predominately traditional stoves with biomass fuel. Eligible women are pregnant women with a gestational age of 40–120 days, aged between 15 and 49 years, and permanent residents of the study area. The primary outcome is the difference in perinatal mortality between the LPG arm and the usual cooking arm. Secondary outcomes include (i) preterm birth and low birth weight, (ii) personal level exposure to household air pollution, (iii) satisfaction and acceptability of the LPG stove and stove use, and (iv) cost-effectiveness and cost-utility in reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality. We follow up all women and infants to 45 days after the birth. Personal exposure to household air pollution is assessed at three-time points in a sub-sample of the study population using the MicroPEM™. The total required sample size is 4944 pregnant women.

Discussion
This trial will produce evidence of the effectiveness of reduced exposure to household air pollution through LPG cooking to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality compared to usual cooking practices. This evidence will inform policies for the adoption of clean fuel in Bangladesh and other similar settings.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001214224. Prospectively registered on 19 July 2019
Study of effect of nimodipine and acetaminophen on postictal symptoms in depressed patients after electroconvulsive therapy (SYNAPSE)
Authors: Verdijk Joey P. A. J. , Pottkämper Julia C. M. , Verwijk Esmée , van Wingen Guido A. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Hofmeijer Jeannette , van Waarde Jeroen A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Postictal phenomena as delirium, headache, nausea, myalgia, and anterograde and retrograde amnesia are common manifestations after seizures induced by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Comparable postictal phenomena also contribute to the burden of patients with epilepsy. The pathophysiology of postictal phenomena is poorly understood and effective treatments are not available. Recently, seizure-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated postictal vasoconstriction, accompanied by cerebral hypoperfusion and hypoxia, has been identified as a candidate mechanism in experimentally induced seizures in rats. Vasodilatory treatment with acetaminophen or calcium antagonists reduced postictal hypoxia and postictal symptoms. The aim of this clinical trial is to study the effects of acetaminophen and nimodipine on postictal phenomena after ECT-induced seizures in patients suffering major depressive disorder. We hypothesize that (1) acetaminophen and nimodipine will reduce postictal electroencephalographic (EEG) phenomena, (2) acetaminophen and nimodipine will reduce magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of postictal cerebral hypoperfusion, (3) acetaminophen and nimodipine will reduce clinical postictal phenomena, and (4) postictal phenomena will correlate with measures of postictal hypoperfusion.

Methods
We propose a prospective, three-condition cross-over design trial with randomized condition allocation, open-label treatment, and blinded end-point evaluation (PROBE design). Thirty-three patients (age > 17 years) suffering from a depressive episode treated with ECT will be included. Randomly and alternately, single doses of nimodipine (60 mg), acetaminophen (1000 mg), or water will be given two hours prior to each ECT session with a maximum of twelve sessions per patient. The primary outcome measure is ‘postictal EEG recovery time’, expressed and quantified as an adapted version of the temporal brain symmetry index, yielding a time constant for the duration of the postictal state on EEG. Secondary outcome measures include postictal cerebral perfusion, measured by arterial spin labelling MRI, and the postictal clinical ‘time to orientation’.

Discussion
With this clinical trial, we will systematically study postictal EEG, MRI and clinical phenomena after ECT-induced seizures and will test the effects of vasodilatory treatment intending to reduce postictal symptoms. If an effect is established, this will provide a novel treatment of postictal symptoms in ECT patients. Ultimately, these findings may be generalized to patients with epilepsy.

Trial registration
Inclusion in SYNAPSE started in December 2019. Prospective trial registration number is NCT04028596 on the international clinical trial register on July 22, 2019.
Efficacy of leg swing versus quadriceps strengthening exercise among patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Sun Pingping , Zhan Yu , Xie Xuetao , Yan Weibing , Luo Congfeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of global disability. According to current guidelines, exercise is the most recommended and important non-surgical treatment for knee OA. However, the best type of exercise for this condition remains unclear. Evidence has shown that traditional Chinese exercises may be more effective. Therefore, the current prospective, two-armed, single-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to identify an effective physiotherapy for knee OA.Methods/designIn total, 114 patients with painful knee OA will be recruited from the orthopedic outpatient department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital. To compare the therapeutic effect of two different home-based exercise programs, the participants will be randomly assigned into the experimental group (leg swing exercise) or the control group (quadriceps strengthening exercise). Each participant in both groups will be required to attend five individual sessions with a physiotherapist who will teach the exercise program and monitor progress. Participants will be instructed to perform the exercises at home every day for 12 weeks. Clinical outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks after starting the intervention. The primary outcomes are average overall knee pain and physical function in daily life. The secondary outcomes include other measures of knee pain, physical function, patient-perceived satisfactory improvement, health-related quality of life, physical activity and performance, muscle strength of the lower limb, and adherence.DiscussionThis study will provide more evidence on the effects of traditional Chinese exercise on improving physical function and relieving joint pain among patients with knee OA. If proven effective, leg swing exercise can be used as a non-surgical treatment for knee OA in the future.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial RegistryChiCTR2000039005. Registered on 13 October 2020.
YqeH contributes to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli pathogenicity by regulating motility, biofilm formation, and virulence
Authors: Yin Lei , Cheng Baoyan , Tu Jian , Shao Ying , Song Xiangjun , Pan Xiaocheng , Qi Kezong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a pathotype of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli and one of the most serious infectious diseases of poultry. It not only causes great economic losses to the poultry industry, but also poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Here, we examined the role of YqeH, a transcriptional regulator located at E. coli type III secretion system 2 (ETT2), in APEC pathogenesis. To investigate the effects of YqeH on APEC phenotype and virulence, we constructed a yqeH deletion mutant (APEC40-ΔyqeH) and a complemented strain (APEC40-CΔyqeH) of APEC40. Compared with the wild type (WT), the motility and biofilm formation of APEC40-ΔyqeH were significantly reduced. The yqeH mutant was highly attenuated in a chick infection model compared with WT, and showed severe defects in its adherence to and invasion of chicken embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena were unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the transcriptional effects of the yqeH deletion to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of YqeH, and the role of YqeH in APEC virulence. The deletion of yqeH downregulated the transcript levels of several flagellum-, biofilm-, and virulence-related genes. Our results demonstrate that YqeH is involved in APEC pathogenesis, and the reduced virulence of APEC40-ΔyqeH may be related to its reduced motility and biofilm formation.
Some new dynamic Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte type inequalities with delay on time scales and certain applications
Authors: El-Deeb Ahmed A. , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe main objective of the present article is to prove some new delay nonlinear dynamic inequalities of Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte type on time scales. We introduce very important generalized results with the help of Leibniz integral rule on time scales. For some specific time scales, we further show some relevant inequalities as special cases: integral inequalities and discrete inequalities. Our results can be used as handy tools for the study of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of dynamic equations on time scales. Some examples are provided to demonstrate the applications of the results.
Existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear fractional difference equations of the Riemann–Liouville type
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Srivastava Hari Mohan , Guirao Juan L. G. , Hamed Y. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNonlinear fractional difference equations are studied deeply and extensively by many scientists by using fixed-point theorems on different types of function spaces. In this study, we combine fixed-point theory with a set of falling fractional functions in a Banach space to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a class of fractional difference equations. The most important part of this article is devoted to correcting a significant mistake made in the literature in using the power rule by providing further conditions for its validity. Also, we provide specific conditions under which difference equations have attractive solutions and the solutions are also asymptotically stable. Furthermore, we construct some fractional difference examples in order to illustrate the validity of the observed results.
Cold exposure prevents fat accumulation in striped hamsters refed a high-fat diet following food restriction
Authors: Huo Da-Liang , Bao Meng-Huan , Cao Jing , Zhao Zhi-Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In mammals, body mass lost during food restriction is often rapidly regained, and fat is accumulated when ad libitum feeding is resumed. Studies in small cold-acclimated mammals have demonstrated significant mobilization of fat deposits during cold exposure to meet the energy requirements of metabolic thermogenesis. However, no studies to our knowledge have examined the effect of cold exposure on fat accumulation during body mass recovery when refed ad libitum. In this study, striped hamsters restricted to 80% of their regular food intake were then refed ad libitum and exposed to one of three conditions: Intermittent cold temperature (5 °C) for 2 h per day (ICE-2 h/d), intermittent cold temperature (5 °C) for 12 h per day (ICE-12 h/d), or persistent cold exposure (PCE) for four weeks. We measured energy intake, fat deposit mass, serum thyroid hormone levels, and uncoupling protein 1 expression in brown adipose tissue.

Results
There was no significant effect of intermittent or persistent cold exposure on body mass regain, whereas energy intake increased significantly and total fat deposit decreased in the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups compared to the ICE-2 h/d group and control group maintained at 23 °C (CON). In the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups, hamsters had 39.6 and 38.3% higher serum 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine levels, respectively, and 81.6 and 71.3% up-regulated expression of uncoupling protein 1, respectively, in brown adipose tissue compared to their counterparts in the CON group. The rate of mitochondrial state III and state IV respiration O2 consumption and the activity of cytochrome c oxidase in BAT and liver were significantly higher in the ICE-12 h/d and PCE groups than in the ICE-2 h/d and CON groups.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest thyroid hormone-mediated heat production in brown adipose tissue and liver may be involved in preventing fat accumulation during refeeding in animals frequently or persistently exposed to cold conditions.
Impacts of computer-assisted diagnostic assessment on sustainability of L2 learners’ collaborative writing improvement and their engagement modes
Authors: Pourdana Natasha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiagnostic assessment (DIA) is under-researched in second/foreign language education despite its common practice across a wide range of professions such as medicine, mechanics, and information technology. This study aimed at exploring the impact of computer-assisted DIA on the sustainable improvement of English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) learners’ collaborative writing and engagement modes. To do so, 36 selected EFL university students were paired to collaborate on writing data commentary tasks whose performances were subjected to the teacher’s regular DIA in Google Meet and task-wise student reflective logs over ten weeks. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated dyads’ significant progress in lower-level writing skills (sentence structure, word choice & grammar, mechanics), but no considerable progress in higher-level writing skills (organization and development). The results of one-way ANOVA showed the DIA impact on individuals’ sustainable writing improvement from the pretest to the immediate and delayed posttests. Students’ reflective logs were analyzed to explore their behavioral, emotional, and cognitive modes of engagement in computer-assisted DIA. Theme frequency analysis indicated the participants’ active behavioral engagement in terms of their notable amount of time per task. They conveyed their emotional engagement in the user-friendliness of Google Meet, real-time social presence, and low anxiety experienced with DIA. Their cognitive engagement was depicted by their major approval of DIA and positive self-assessment of writing improvement. Yet, some participants were critical to the prioritization of language form(s) over the content in teacher DIA practice. This study yielded pedagogical implications for the L2 teachers to blend DIA, task-based academic writing, and student collaboration in e-learning contexts.
How can we recruit more men of African or African-Caribbean ancestry into our research? Co-creating a video to raise awareness of prostate cancer risk and the PROFILE study
Authors: Hainsworth Emma , McGrowder Eva , McHugh Jana , Bancroft Elizabeth , Mahabir Sean , Webber Winston , Eeles Rosalind , Cruickshank Susanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Men of African ancestry are at increased risk of developing prostate cancer (PrCa) compared to men from other backgrounds. The PROFILE study aims to understand whether genetic information can better target who needs PrCa screening. PROFILE has so far had difficulty reaching men of African or African -Caribbean ancestry to take part. In this involvement project we worked in partnership with a group of such men to co-create a video to raise awareness of PrCa risk amongst this community and promote participation in the study.

Methods
We recruited seven men of African or African-Caribbean ancestry who completed an initial survey on the Cancer Patients’ Voice platform. We then held an online discussion panel and maintained contact to encourage dialogue and planning of the video. Utilising a participatory approach, the ideas for the video were decided in collaboration with the panel who held expert knowledge of various communities and understood the messages that would best resonate and engage with other men of the same origins. Once the video had been edited and finalised, two members of the group expressed interest in writing up the project and are listed as co-authors.

Results
The video in its entirety was driven by the panel’s ideas. The choice of a barber shop setting; leading with a positive case study and highlighting the importance of men’s family members rather than a focus on scientific language, statistics or researchers were all features that were discussed and agreed upon by the panel. The men shared the video within their networks. It was placed on websites and promoted as part of a social media campaign during Black History Month.

Conclusions
Groups with the greater healthcare needs and the most to gain from advances in care and treatment can often be the most excluded from research participation. This is pertinent in PrCa research where men of African or African-Caribbean ancestry are at greater risk. The project gave equal power and decision making to the men and provides an example of successful inclusive involvement. The result was a unique approach to making a study video.
Understanding the psychodynamic functioning of patients with PTSD and CPTSD: qualitative analysis from the OPD 2 interview
Authors: Favaretto Taís Cristina , Both Luciane Maria , da Cruz Benetti Sílvia Pereira , Freitas Lúcia Helena Machado 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe traumatic event produces intolerable excitations to the psychic apparatus that searches to relief them through the production of symptoms. When established, patients with post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) may experience flashbacks, somatizations, negative emotions about themselves, and difficulty in social contact. This work seeks to understand how the psychodynamic functioning of women victims of interpersonal and urban violence, diagnosed with these disorders, is organized, identifying traumatic experiences, ways of interpersonal relationships, conflicts and psychic structures and use of defense mechanisms, and for peculiarities that may differentiate these disorders. The qualitative transversal method was used through the content analysis of clinical interviews based on the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2). The sample of this study consisted of five women with PTSD and five with CPTSD. The following categories were created: reasons for seeking care, symptoms and desire for treatment, traumatic developmental events, and characteristics of the psychic functioning. Early trauma generates psychic organizations with greater disintegration. A new traumatic event destabilizes the psychic organization and intensifies symptoms. Relationships were marked by dependence and isolation. Participants with CPTSD presented tendency to disintegration related to the object relation regulation and the psychic conflict was of Individuation versus Dependence, with more primitive flaws in object representations, existential need for the other and direct discharge of impulses. Participants with PTSD had moderate to low level of object relation integration and the conflict was need to be care of versus self-sufficiency, with self-representations being fragile and with reduced capacity to manage impulses. Thus, it could be observed that OPD-2 is capable of assessing in a broad and deep way patients with traumatic disorders, in addition to identifying essential peculiarities to guide health professionals towards treatment in the search for better quality of life for patients.
Imaged-guided focused ultrasound in combination with various formulations of doxorubicin for the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Haumann Rianne , Bianco John I. , Waranecki Piotr M. , Gaillard Pieter J. , Storm Gert , Ries Mario , van Vuurden Dannis G. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Hulleman Esther 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a notoriously difficult tumor to treat, with an overall survival of DIPG patients being only 11 months. One of the major obstacles for the effective treatment of DIPG is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In order to circumvent the BBB, drug delivery methods are needed that target the pontine area. One such approach is microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS)—a non-invasive method that can temporarily and locally open the BBB. Previously, it was shown that FUS is safe with minimal side effects and rapid recovery times in preclinical animal models with different DIPG tumors. However, recent studies have shown that combining FUS with a single treatment of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin did not improve survival in a DIPG xenograft model. As the duration of doxorubicin exposure might play a role in tumor response, we hypothesized that the use of a long-circulation (PEGylated) liposomal formulation of doxorubicin could lead to improved overall survival through a longer exposure time to the tumor.

Method
DIPG xenograft models were established with orthotopic injections of HSJD-DIPG-07 tumor cells into the pontine area of female athymic nude-foxn1nu mice. Tumor engraftment was confirmed with bioluminescence imaging (BLI) 40 days post-inoculation. Mice were randomized into groups receiving either liposomal formulations of doxorubicin (2B3-101 or Caelyx®) or free doxorubicin in combination with or without FUS treatment. Treatment groups received 5 mg/kg 2B3-101 or Caelyx® 1 h before FUS treatment or 5 mg/kg free doxorubicin immediately after FUS.

Results
Histological analysis, however, revealed liposome extravasation in healthy controls but not in HSJD-DIPG-07 xenograft 24 h after treatment. Furthermore, BLI monitoring did not show reduced signal after treatment, which was further illustrated with a survival analysis, showing no significant difference between treated and control animals (p = 0.3).

Conclusion
We did not observe a treatment effect after a single dose of free doxorubicin or the liposomal formulations 2B3-101 or Caelyx® in combination with FUS in DIPG-bearing mice.