bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Cell-Free DNA Predicts Survival and Maps Specific Sources of Injury in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Brusca Samuel B. , Elinoff Jason M. , Zou Yvette , Jang Moon Kyoo , Kong Hyesik , Demirkale Cumhur Y. , Sun Junfeng , Seifuddin Fayaz , Pirooznia Mehdi , Valantine Hannah A. , Tanba Carl , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Graninger Grace M. , Harper Bonnie , Chen Li-Yuan , Cole Justine , Kanwar Manreet , Benza Raymond L. , Preston Ioana R. , Agbor-Enoh Sean , Solomon Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a noninvasive marker of cellular injury. Its significance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown.

Methods:

Plasma cfDNA was measured in 2 PAH cohorts (A, n=48; B, n=161) and controls (n=48). Data were collected for REVEAL 2.0 (Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management) scores and outcome determinations. Patients were divided into the following REVEAL risk groups: low (≤6), medium (7–8), and high (≥9). Total cfDNA concentrations were compared among controls and PAH risk groups by 1-way analysis of variance. Log-rank tests compared survival between cfDNA tertiles and REVEAL risk groups. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were estimated from logistic regression models. A sample subset from cohort B (n=96) and controls (n=16) underwent bisulfite sequencing followed by a deconvolution algorithm to map cell-specific cfDNA methylation patterns, with concentrations compared using
t
tests.

Results:

In cohort A, median (interquartile range) age was 62 years (47–71), with 75% female, and median (interquartile range) REVEAL 2.0 was 6 (4–9). In cohort B, median (interquartile range) age was 59 years (49–71), with 69% female, and median (interquartile range) REVEAL 2.0 was 7 (6–9). In both cohorts, cfDNA concentrations differed among patients with PAH of varying REVEAL risk and controls (analysis of variance
P
≤0.002) and were greater in the high-risk compared with the low-risk category (
P
≤0.002). In cohort B, death or lung transplant occurred in 14 of 54, 23 of 53, and 35 of 54 patients in the lowest, middle, and highest cfDNA tertiles, respectively. cfDNA levels stratified as tertiles (log-rank:
P
=0.0001) and REVEAL risk groups (log-rank:
P
<0.0001) each predicted transplant-free survival. The addition of cfDNA to REVEAL improved discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.72–0.78;
P
=0.02). Compared with controls, methylation analysis in patients with PAH revealed increased cfDNA originating from erythrocyte progenitors, neutrophils, monocytes, adipocytes, natural killer cells, vascular endothelium, and cardiac myocytes (Bonferroni adjusted
P
<0.05). cfDNA concentrations derived from erythrocyte progenitor cells, cardiac myocytes, and vascular endothelium were greater in patients with PAH with high-risk versus low-risk REVEAL scores (
P
≤0.02).

Conclusions:
Circulating cfDNA is elevated in patients with PAH, correlates with disease severity, and predicts worse survival. Results from cfDNA methylation analyses in patients with PAH are consistent with prevailing paradigms of disease pathogenesis.
Effects of Empagliflozin in Women and Men With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Ferreira João Pedro , Brueckmann Martina , Bocchi Edimar , Böhm Michael , Chopra Vijay K. , Giannetti Nadia , Iwata Tomoko , Januzzi James L. , Kaul Sanjay , Piña Ileana L. , Ponikowski Piotr , Rauch-Kröhnert Ursula , Shah Sanjiv J. , Senni Michele , Sumin Mikhail , Verma Subodh , Zhang Jian , Pocock Stuart J. , Zannad Faiez , Packer Milton , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Women and men with heart failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction may differ in their clinical characteristics and their response to therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction enrolled in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction).

Methods:
The effects of empagliflozin on the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF and on secondary outcomes (including total HF hospitalization, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores) were compared in women and men in the overall cohort and in subgroups defined by left ventricular ejection fraction (41%–49%, 50%–59%, and ≥60%). The effects of empagliflozin on physiological measures, including changes in systolic blood pressure, uric acid, hemoglobin, body weight, and natriuretic peptide levels, were also assessed.

Results:

Of the 5988 patients randomized, 2676 (44.7%) were women. In the placebo arm, women tended to have lower risk for adverse outcomes, including a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56, 0.84]). Compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF to a similar degree in both sexes (hazard ratio, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.69, 0.96] for men; and hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.61, 0.92] for women;
P
interaction
=0.54). Sex did not modify the relationship between empagliflozin and outcomes across ejection fraction groups. Similar results were seen for secondary outcomes and physiological measures. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin improved the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score to a similar extent in both sexes (1.38 for men versus 1.63 for women at 52 weeks;
P
interaction
=0.77); the results were similar for Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score and total summary score.

Conclusions:
Empagliflozin produced similar benefits on outcomes and health status in women and men with HF and preserved ejection fraction.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03057951.
Association of Lesion Location and Depressive Symptoms Poststroke
Authors: Klingbeil Julian , Brandt Max-Lennart , Wawrzyniak Max , Stockert Anika , Schneider Hans R. , Baum Petra , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Saur Dorothee 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Depressive symptoms are a common stroke sequela, yet their neurobiological substrates are still unclear. We sought to determine if they are associated with specific lesion locations.

Methods:
In a prospective observational study, 270 patients with stroke were tested twice with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale around day 6 and again 6 months poststroke and voxel-based lesion behavior mapping was performed.

Results:
Frequency of depressive symptoms (depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale >7) after 6 months was 19.6 %. Higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores for depression around day 6 were the only variable associated with depressive symptoms after 6 months in a multiple logistic regression. Lesions in the right putamen were significantly associated with depressive symptoms after 6 months in the voxel-based lesion behavior mapping.

Conclusions:
Lesions in the right basal ganglia might increase the risk of depressive symptoms 6 months poststroke.
Spatial Relation Between White Matter Hyperintensities and Incident Lacunes of Presumed Vascular Origin: A 14-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Yi Fang , Cai Mengfei , Jacob Mina A. , Marques José , Norris David G. , Duering Marco , Tuladhar Anil M. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The underlying mechanisms of incident lacunes regarding their spatial distribution remain largely unknown. We investigated the spatial distribution pattern and MRI predictors of incident lacunes in relation to white matter hyperintensity (WMH) over 14 years follow-up in sporadic small vessel disease.

Methods:
Five hundred three participants from the ongoing prospective single-center Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic resonance Cohort (RUN DMC) were recruited with baseline assessment in 2006 and follow ups in 2011, 2015, and 2020. Three hundred eighty-two participants who underwent at least 2 available brain MRI scans were included. Incident lacunes were systematically identified, and the spatial relationship between incident lacunes located in subcortical white matter and WMH were determined using a visual rating scale. Adjusted multiple logistic regression and linear mixed-effect regression models were used to assess the association between baseline small vessel disease markers, WMH progression, and incident lacunes. Participants with atrial fibrillation were excluded in multivariable analysis.

Results:
Eighty incident lacunes were identified in 43 patients (mean age 66.5±8.2 years, 37.2% women) during a mean follow-up time of 11.2±3.3 years (incidence rate 10.0/1000 person-year). Sixty percent of incident lacunes were in the white matter, of which 48.9% showed no contact with preexisting WMH. Baseline WMH volume (odds ratio=2.5 [95% CI, 1.6–4.2]) predicted incident lacunes after adjustment for age, sex, and vascular risk factors. WMH progression was associated with incident lacunes independent of age, sex, baseline WMH volume, and vascular risk factors (odds ratio, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.5–6.9]). Baseline WMH volume and progression rate were higher in participants with incident lacunes in contact with preexisting WMH. No difference in vascular risk factors was observed regarding location or relation with preexisting WMH.

Conclusions:
The 2 different distribution patterns of lacunes regarding their relation to WMH may suggest distinct underlying mechanisms, one of which may be more closely linked to a similar pathophysiology as that of WMH. The longitudinal relation between WMH and lacunes further supports plausible shared mechanisms between the 2 key markers.
Organisational Investment: The Case of ASML—Can the Product Make the Producer?
Authors: Tung An-Chi , Wan Henry 
Published: October 2022

This study showcases the specific inspiration from Professor Kemp by focusing on one particular firm—ASML, a Dutch lithography company. It has become the only producer to launch a group of products, the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) systems for advanced integrated circuits (ICs). Such success is relatively new and is due to a single, unprecedented multi-year programme, Customer Co-investment Program CCIP), since 2012. This programme accelerated ASML’s development of EUV, which has marginalised the other two rivals and former market leaders, Nikon and Canon, that they can only compete in the less advanced DUV and i-line systems. The article explores a number of interrelated aspects about the selected case. It discusses how economic theories offer tools into the crux of the matter. It then reviews technical and historical facts to facilitate further understanding. Next, the article considers two main issues: Is the ASML’s claim that CCIP is necessary based on the financing requirement linked to the new technology true? And is the outcome good? The first question is analysed by four inter-related levels of information asymmetry, and the second is discussed at a broader level. Finally, the article explains how Kemp and Shimomura inspires the analysis here of the illustrative case of ASML. JEL Codes: D22, D23, D82, L22, L63
Interpersonal and structural healthcare barriers among transgender women: Healthcare curriculum needs
Authors: Calleros Laura , Emetu Roberta E , Missari Stacy 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Transgender women encounter various barriers to healthcare access and use. Together, these contribute to under-utilisation, delay or avoidance of the healthcare system. This in-depth qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore perceptions, interactions and experiences with medical and healthcare systems, and identify suggestions for improving healthcare access and utilisation among transgender women. Design/Setting: Fifteen ( N = 15) transgender women in Los Angeles County participated in semi-structured telephone interviews. Method: Participants were recruited through emails sent to LGBTQ+ serving institutions, health centres and college campuses. The interview guide covered demographic information, experiences within medical and healthcare setting, interactions and perceptions within clinical settings, and concerns about barriers to healthcare access and utilisation. Results: Healthcare experiences were shaped by interpersonal and structural factors. Four themes were identified: (1) lack of trained and knowledgeable healthcare providers, (2) limitations in healthcare access such as cost and hormone replacement therapy access, (3) implicit bias regarding being misgendered and stereotyped, and (4) explicit bias such as denial of services, inability adding preferred personal information to medical health records, and various aspects of discrimination. Conclusion: Access to knowledgeable healthcare providers was cited as a priority area needing the most attention. Curricula and modules that address social, medical and clinical issues specific to transgender women were suggested for use in the training and continuing education of healthcare professionals. In addition to needs related to patient–provider contact, this paper highlights the broader regulatory and political changes needed to improve the health of transgender women.
Development of coating removal From carbon fiber reinforced plastic skin surfaces by abrasive jet machining
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Du Xingzhu , Yuan Zhixiang , Sun Yuli , Zuo Dunwen , Lu Wenzhuang 
Published: October 2022

Removing localized damage coatings on new-generation fighters’ carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) skin surfaces has become a research hotspot. A practical method for removing the CFRP skin coating without damaging the substrate was proposed in this study. Modeling was used to examine the particle velocity and contact force of a single abrasive and the erosion depth, width, and material removal rate of the coating. The eroded surface morphology, roughness and erosion depth of different processes were obtained by the Taguchi method. The results show that plastic abrasive jet machining (PAJM) can remove coatings layer by layer without damaging the substrate. A jet pressure of 0.35 MPa is recommended as a critical jet pressure to avoid damaging the fibers. This procedure offers more advantages than traditional removal methods (chemical stripping or manual sanding). A theoretical reference for coating removal on CFRP skin surfaces is provided in this paper.
Effects of different routes of administration and doses of Sulodexide on leukocyte-endothelium interaction and tissue perfusion on an animal model of low flow and high pressure in veins
Authors: Souza Maria das Graças Coelho de , Leal Iasmim Bento , Cyrino Fatima Zely Garcia de Almeida , Bouskela Eliete 
Published: October 2022

Objectives To assess the effects of different doses and routes of Sulodexide on leukocyte-endothelium interaction and tissue perfusion in a model of venous hypertension and low blood flow. Methods Six weeks after venous hypertension induction, through external iliac vein ligature male hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus) received Sulodexide at 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg/day or saline (placebo) by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes during 2 or 4 weeks. After treatments, leukocyte rolling and adhesion, functional capillary density (FCD), and venular diameter were evaluated on the affected hindlimb. Results Subcutaneous and intramuscular treatments with Sulodexide after 2 and 4 weeks, significantly reduced leukocyte rolling and adhesion and increased FCD. Sulodexide did not affect venular diameter and intramuscular treatment was more effective in reducing leukocyte adhesion than the subcutaneous one. Conclusion This preliminary study demonstrated that Sulodexide significantly decreased leukocyte-endothelium interaction and improved tissue perfusion in hamsters subjected to venous hypertension and low blood flow.
Associations between MDMA/ecstasy use and physical health in a U.S. population-based survey sample
Authors: Jones Grant , Ricard Jocelyn A. , Hendricks Peter , Simonsson Otto 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/“ecstasy”) is an empathogen that can give rise to increased pleasure and empathy and may effectively treat post-traumatic stress disorder. Although prior research has demonstrated associations between ecstasy use and favorable mental health outcomes, the associations between ecstasy and physical health have largely been unexplored. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the associations between ecstasy use and physical health in a population-based survey sample. Method: This study utilized data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2018), a yearly survey that collects information on substance use and health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. We used multinomial, ordered, and logistic regression models to test the associations between lifetime ecstasy use and various markers of physical health (self-reported body mass index, overall health, past year heart condition and/or cancer, past year heart disease, past year hypertension, and past year diabetes), controlling for a range of potential confounders. Results: Lifetime ecstasy use was associated with significantly lower risk of self-reported overweightness and obesity (adjusted relative risk ratio range: 0.55–0.88) and lower odds of self-reported past year heart condition and/or cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.67), hypertension (aOR: 0.85), and diabetes (aOR: 0.58). Ecstasy use was also associated with significantly higher odds of better self-reported overall health (aOR: 1.18). Conclusion: Ecstasy shares protective associations with various physical health markers. Future longitudinal studies and clinical trials are needed to more rigorously test these associations.
Admission and Care of Individuals with Mental Illness in Massachusetts Nursing Homes: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Barooah Adrita , Nadash Pamela 
Published: October 2022

Rising rates of mental illness in nursing homes (NHs) led Congress to pass the 1987 Pre-Admission Screening and Resident Review (PASRR) mandate, aimed at limiting inappropriate institutionalization of people with mental illness (MI) and ensuring appropriate service of NH residents with MI. The law’s flexibility results in significant cross-state variations. This study explores Massachusetts’ experiences with PASRR implementation, using semi-structured interviews ( N=8) with key informants representing major stakeholders. Thematic Content Analysis was used for analysis. Four themes emerged as follows: 1) PASRR screens MI, insufficient in ensuring services, 2) NHs face challenges implementing PASRR, 3) inadequate community-based services increase pressure on NHs, and 4) reactions to PASRR revisions were mixed. Participants agreed that PASRR’s first aim was met—avoiding inappropriate institutionalization—but not the second—ensuring appropriate services, and highlighted the limited community alternatives for serving people with MI. More research is needed to understand state variations in PASRR implementation.
Surgically Remediable Secondary Network Epileptic Encephalopathies With Continuous Spike Wave in Sleep: Lesions May Not Be Visible on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Alawadhi Abdulla , Appendino Juan Pablo , Hader Walter , Rosenblatt Bernard , Moreau Jeremy T. , Dubeau Francois , Dudley Roy W.R. , Myers Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2022

Background Continuous spike wave in sleep (CSWS) is an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS). This etiologically heterogeneous syndrome may occur because of genetic factors and congenital or acquired brain lesions. We studied the pattern of clinical presentation and underlying etiologies in patients with DEE-SWAS that respond to resective surgery. Methods We reviewed our clinical and research databases for patients who had resolution of CSWS following surgical resection of a focal lesion. Results We identified 5 patients meeting inclusion criteria. In 3 of 5, an epileptogenic structural abnormality was not apparent on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In all 3 patients, focal cortical dysplasia was identified through intracranial EEG monitoring. Significance DEE-SWAS may be a secondary bilateral network epilepsy syndrome, which can be treated with resection of the inciting focal lesion. In patients with drug-resistant CSWS, clinicians should consider a complete epilepsy presurgical workup, including intracranial EEG monitoring.
Video clips of the Mediterranean Diet on YouTube TM: A social Media Content Analysis
Authors: Benajiba Nada , Alhomidi Maha , Alsunaid Fahdah , Alabdulkarim Aljawharah , Dodge Elizabeth , Chavarria Enmanuel A. , Aboul-Enein Basil H. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose The present study conducted a social media content analysis on videos describing the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) posted onYouTube. Setting YouTube TM online video sharing and social media platform. Method Three independent content experts evaluated 141 YouTube videos on the MedDiet in August 2020 utilizing standard rubric and protocol. Data abstracted include media source(s) of posted videos, and viewer exposure/engagement metrics. Information quality was measured by each content expert independently through use of the DISCERN instrument, a 16-item tool designed to assess reliability, dependability, and trustworthiness of an online source, scores were then aggregated for analysis. Results A majority of videos (n = 102, 72.3%) were educational in nature. A third of videos were less clear and less credible on information presented (n = 46, 32.6%). Most videos were posted by an individual (n = 79, 56%), and the majority of videos were rated as medium quality (n = 88, 62.4%). Overall level of user engagement as measured by number of “likes,” “dislikes,” and user comments varied widely across all sources of media. Exploratory correlation analysis suggests that the number of a video’s views, comments, likes, and dislikes are not correlated with quality. Conclusion Study findings suggest that MedDiet health promotion and education via YouTube has the potential to reach and inform clients; however, existing video content and quality varies significantly. Future intervention research focused on MedDiet should further examine possible predictors of high quality MedDiet content utilizing diverse online video sharing platforms.