bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on a novel HTS double pancake coil based on CORC: used for kA-level SMES of accelerator
Authors: Li Ming , Zheng Jinxing , Sheng Jie , Cheng Yuan , Hong Zhiyong , Ye Haosheng , Wang Xueliang , Liu Xufeng , Liu Haiyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Large-scale complex needs high performance SMES system with 5 kA-level current carrying and kA s−1 current ramping rate (such as particle accelerator complex), the inductance of which should be as small as possible (≪1 H) to reduce the terminal voltage and realize ideal energy evacuation. This paper introduces the world’s first application of double pancake (DP) coil with conductor on round core cable (CORC) cable, which can be a unit of MJ-level SMES system with a total inductance of 125 mH and 4 kA current carrying (@30 K, 4 T). The combination of low inductance and high current capacity guarantee the safety during kA s−1 operating condition. The CORC wound with highly anisotropic YBCO tape can realize quasi-isotropy with critical properties. The performance of the CORC with 11 layers and three tapes in each layer has been fully validated with excitation test at 77 K and the critical current can reach 2906 A at 77 K, self-field. The skeleton of the DP coil is specially designed with semi-circular spiral groove and the climbing-layer area is supported by two symmetrical blocks, which can provide reasonable support to the CORC cable. The measured critical current of DP coil can realize 1750 A at 77 K (theoretical value is 1800 A). It means that the coil winding method is feasible to avoid performance degradation during winding. The DP coil based on CORC cable is fully suitable for the SMES system which needs to realize ∼4 kA current carrying and fast energy conversion. It also provides a good practice for the engineering application of CORC cable.
Developing high performance RF heating scenarios on the WEST tokamak
Authors: Goniche M. , Ostuni V. , Bourdelle C. , Maget P. , Artaud J.F. , Bernard J.M. , Bobkov V. , Bucalossi J. , Clairet F. , Colas L. , Desgranges C. , Delpech L. , Devynck P. , Dumont R. , Ekedahl A. , Fedorczak N. , Garcia J. , Gaspar J. , Gil C. , Guillemaut C. , Gunn J. , Hillairet J. , Klepper C. , Lau C. , Lerche E. , Lombard G. , Manas P. , Martin E.H. , Mazon D. , Meyer O. , Morales J. , Moreau Ph. , Nardon E. , Nouailletas R. , Pegourié B. , Peret M. , Peysson Y. , Regal-Mezin X. , Sabot R. , Shiraiwa S. , Urbanczyk G. , Vermare L. , Vezinet D. , Wallace G.M. , the WEST Team  
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High power experiments, up to 9.2 MW with LHCD and ICRH, have been carried out in the full tungsten tokamak WEST. Quasi non inductive discharges have been achieved allowing to extend the plasma duration to 53 s with stationary conditions in particular with respect to tungsten contamination. Transitions to H mode are observed, and H-modes lasting up to 4 s have been obtained. The increase in stored energy is weak since the power crossing the separatrix is close to the L–H threshold. Hot L mode plasmas (central temperature exceeding 3 keV) with a confinement time following the ITER L96 scaling law are routinely obtained. The weak aspect ratio dependence of this scaling law is confirmed. Tungsten accumulation is generally not an operational issue on WEST. Difficulty of burning through tungsten can prevent the discharge from accessing to a hot core plasma in the ramp-up phase, or can lead to rapid collapse of the central temperature when radiation is enhanced by a slight decrease of the temperature. Except a few pulses post-boronization, the plasma radiation is rather high (P
rad/
P
tot ∼ 50%) and is dominated by tungsten. This fraction does not vary as the RF power is ramped up and is quite similar in ICRH and/or LHCD heated plasmas. An estimate of the contribution of the RF antennas to the plasma contamination in tungsten is given.
Structural build-up and breakdown of sodium hydroxide-activated slag paste assessed using oscillatory rheology
Authors: Bilek Jr V , Pazour M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentrated suspensions of inorganic binders are thixotropic fluids with non-Newtonian behaviour. In addition to the physical-chemical interactions responsible for the flocculation of the particles, the rheological behaviour in time is affected by the formation of the reaction products. In this paper, this topic was tackled using oscillatory rheology, namely, by increasingly used measurements at the constant strain amplitude and frequency over time (time sweep test), by the combination of these tests with an inserted rotational step (ORO test), and by almost unexplored oscillation amplitude sweep tests, leading to structural breakdown due to increasing strain amplitude. Common sodium hydroxide-activated slag paste was used for this purpose. The results showed that the recovery of the structure is not significantly altered if the sample is remixed at least after 30 minutes of reaction. In addition, the strain sweep tests suggested that the formation of the first reaction products started after about 15 minutes of reaction and had a decisive impact on the evolution of viscoelastic moduli and the corresponding stresses during this kind of test.
A new approach for the determination of thermal shock resistance of refractories
Authors: Nespor B , Chromkova I , Szklorzova H , Prachar V , Svitak O , Stanek L , Nejedlik M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The life cycle of refractory materials is affected by a variety of factors. Depending on the type of industrial application, they must be resistant to extreme temperatures, mechanical loads, chemical corrosion and large temperature changes when in contact with molten metal and slag. Correct estimation of durability is important in the choice of material and for determining the service life of individual parts of the structure. Together with the expected maintenance cycles, this influences the choice of material for optimum structural design. In practice, refractories are very often subject to large temperature variations and thermal cycling. Thermal shock is thus a predominant factor that shortens the service life of monolithic refractory products. Therefore, the main objective of refractory manufacturers is to research and develop refractories with higher resistance to thermal shock and to analyse, compare and evaluate them effectively. This paper deals with the issue of testing the resistance of refractory materials, respectively analysis and comparison of standard and new test methods for accelerated thermal shock resistance testing.
Mechanical properties of sandstone improved by impregnation with stone consolidation products
Authors: Slizkova Z , Sperl M , Gajdos L , Drdlova M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sandstones and arkoses are traditional building elements of masonry for many historical buildings in the Czech Republic. There is an endeavour to preserve the original material and to extend the life of a stone, particularly for historically, architecturally and monumentally valuable objects. In the renovation practice, a damaged stone is impregnated with liquid agents which feed a new binder (paste) to the voids in a stone. After curing of the binder, the mechanical properties of the stone restore their authentic values. In the present study, several consolidants were tested from the viewpoint of their effect on selected mechanical characteristics of arkosic sandstone. Especially were investigated the consolidants based on ethylsilicate, and specifically the effect of an elasticised component in ethylsilicate agens on the consolidation of a stone. The degree of consolidation of a stone after the impregnation of notched and un-notched prisms was examined experimentally. It can be considered that notched prisms roughly approach the state of a stone with a crack. It was found that the use of the consolidating agent REMMERS KSE 300E is superior over other agents in compensating the effect of the crack. Beside this product the experiments also proved a positive effect of treating the sandstone with a crack by a 5% solution of an acrylate copolymer Paraloid B 72.
Inertial instability of the time-periodic Kolmogorov flow in a rotating fluid with the full account of the Coriolis force
Authors: Kurgansky M V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The inertial parametric instability of a time-dependent spatially periodic flow (Kolmogorov flow) of a rotating stratified Boussinesq fluid is studied, taking fully into account the Coriolis force in the problem and with the possibility that the flow has an arbitrary orientation in the horizontal plane. The existence of instability is shown for velocity shears less than those indicated by the criterion of inertial stability of a steady flow with the same spatial period and velocity amplitude. In particular, the instability estimates are obtained for weakly stratified geophysical media, for example for the deep layers of the ocean, and it is suggested that the possible applications of the theory can also be directly related to a laboratory experiment. Two different theoretical scenarios of inclusion of the full Coriolis force account in the problem are considered, and in both cases this leads to a reduction in the degree of inertial instability of the basic flow.
Low-cost dielectric sheets for large-area floor sensing applications
Authors: Tewari Amit , Huerta Hugo , Chinga-Carrasco Gary , Hindersland Leif Kåre , Ranta Samuli , Pettersson Fredrik , Österbacka Ronald , Toivakka Martti 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sensitivity response is a critical parameter that decides the domain of dielectric materials to be implemented as piezocapacitive sensors for low- or high-pressure sensing applications. Here, we have clarified the sensitivity response behavior of three low-cost dielectric materials, two biodegradable paperboards, and one acoustic polymeric foam. The devices are fabricated in the form of a metal–insulator–metal structure, and the capacitive response of the devices is measured using the charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage technique. The sensitivity response curve (ΔC/C
o vs. pressure) reveals that the paperboard materials are sensitive enough to detect low-pressure regimes (45 kPa), whereas the acoustic foam is quite promising for high-pressure monitoring (above 150 kPa). Using a multiplexer circuit, we demonstrated the sensitivity response via 2 by 2 matrix structure both as a steady-state and transient response. Our results show that the passive matrix structure interference between different pixels can be minimized after increasing the spacing between electrodes strip. Finally, a full-scale demonstrator (dimension 120 cm × 400 cm) with a 2 × 8 matrix structure laminated under floor tiling has been demonstrated. We show how such a floor sensor utilizing the low-cost substrates can be used to recognize single-stepping, walking, and falling.
The logic of authoritarian industrial policy: the case of Angola’s special economic zone
Authors: Lippolis Nicolas 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The commodity boom witnessed the emergence of ambitious developmental projects in Africa. But in its focus on the distribution of power, the extant literature struggles to explain the logic driving observed development strategies. To fill this gap, this article provides the first comprehensive study of the Zona Económica Especial de Luanda-Bengo, Angola’s main industrial project of the post-civil war era. Built at a cost of at least US$1 billion, sprawling over 1.5 million hectares, and comprising establishments imported by the state across multiple sectors, the Zona Económica Especial’s ill-conceived design doomed it to failure from the start. But this did not hinder its use for elite rent-seeking, supported by the international networks fed by Angola’s oil wealth. I argue that these outcomes reflect the ruling MPLA’s typical ‘bifurcated policy style’, marked by a disjuncture between discourse and policy practice and the competition for the spoils of the state’s heavy expenditures. Its origins are to be found in the strategies deployed by MPLA leaders to enforce organizational cohesion and to pursue military and programmatic goals over the course of its long civil war. I contend that similar analyses could help illuminate the drivers of industrial policy in other party-based authoritarian regimes.
Measuring Short-Term Exposures to H2O2 Among Exposed Workers; A Feasibility Study
Authors: Hopf Nancy B , Sauvain Jean-Jacques , Connell Samantha L , Charriere Nicole , Saverio Romolo Francesco , Suarez Guillaume 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a strong oxidizing agent often used in hair coloring and as a component in disinfecting and bleaching processes. Exposures to H2O2 generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause significant airway irritation and inflammation. Even though workers have reported symptoms associated with sensitivity and irritation from acute exposures below the H2O2 occupational exposure levels (OELs), a lack of sensitive analytical methods for measuring airborne concentrations currently prevents evaluating low or peak H2O2 exposures. To fill these gaps, we propose two different sensitive approaches: (i) luminol chemiluminescence (CL) to specifically measure H2O2; and (ii) photonic sensor method based on the ferrous-xylenol orange assay to evaluate total oxidative potential (OP), a measure of ROS in sampled air. We chose two exposure scenarios: hairdressers preparing and applying hair color to clients (both in simulated and field environments) and workers operating disinfecting cycles at a bottling company. Hair coloring took about 1 h for each client, and the application of the coloring product generated the highest H2O2 concentrations. OP values were highly correlated with H2O2 concentrations (CL measurement) and allowed peak measurements as low as 6 µg m-3 of H2O2 concentrations. The bottling company used a disinfectant containing H2O2, acetic acid and peracetic acid (PAA) in an enclosed process. The photonic sensor was immediately saturated. The CL results showed that the process operator had the highest exposures during a 15-min cycle. There is still a need to develop these direct reading methods for operating in the field, but we believe that in the future an OEL for OP could protect workers from developing airway irritation and inflammation by reducing exposures to oxidizing chemicals.
Molinia caerulea alters forest Quercus petraea seedling growth through reduced mycorrhization
Authors: Fernandez Marine , Malagoli Philippe , Vincenot Lucie , Vernay Antoine , Améglio Thierry , Balandier Philippe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Oak regeneration is jeopardized by purple moor grass, a well-known competitive perennial grass in the temperate forests of Western Europe. Below-ground interactions regarding resource acquisition and interference have been demonstrated and have led to new questions about the negative impact of purple moor grass on ectomycorrhizal colonization. The objective was to examine the effects of moor grass on root system size and ectomycorrhization rate of oak seedlings as well as consequences on nitrogen (N) content in oak and soil. Oak seedlings and moor grass tufts were planted together or separately in pots under semi-controlled conditions (irrigated and natural light) and harvested 1 year after planting. Biomass, N content in shoot and root in oak and moor grass as well as number of lateral roots and ectomycorrhizal rate in oak were measured. Biomass in both oak shoot and root was reduced when planting with moor grass. Concurrently, oak lateral roots number and ectomycorrhization rate decreased, along with a reduction in N content in mixed-grown oak. An interference mechanism of moor grass is affecting oak seedlings performance through reduction in oak lateral roots number and its ectomycorrhization, observed in conjunction with a lower growth and N content in oak. By altering both oak roots and mycorrhizas, moor grass appears to be a species with a high allelopathic potential. More broadly, these results show the complexity of interspecific interactions that involve various ecological processes involving the soil microbial community and need to be explored in situ.
Single-stage PV-powered boost inverter-fed permanent-magnet synchronous motor-driven water-pumping system
Authors: Prabhakaran K K , Sunkara Varsha , Karthikeyan A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) fed boost inverter-based permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)-driven water-pumping system for stand-alone applications is proposed. The proposed system comprises PV panel, six switches, three inductors (L), three capacitors (C) and a water pump. In this work, the boost inverter is designed with a gain of two and thereby the direct current input required to run the motor is considerably reduced. Hence, the size of the system is reduced. The voltage gain factor depends upon the placement of the L and C components and their values. The speed reference is generated using a perturb and observe maximum power point tracking algorithm. Vector control is employed to control a boost inverter-fed PMSM drive. The proposed system is simulated using a MATLAB®/Simulink® environment and experimental validation is performed on a PMSM laboratory prototype using a field programmable gate array controller. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Industrial strategy in a transforming capitalism
Authors: Bianchi Patrizio , Labory Sandrine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Monopoly capitalism stressed the inevitable tendency of monopolisation of economies based on market capitalism, due to the strategic behaviour of firms aiming at reducing competition and preventing entry. The growth of Big Tech in the last decades just confirms this result. However, the digital economy and the development of online platforms reflect deep economic transformations, whereby the nature of competition in markets considerably changes. This paper shows that Cowling’s insights are not undermined as a result, rather the contrary. In particular, we suggest that industrial strategy in the digital economy could be usefully focused on economic governance, as suggested by Cowling. The new regulatory paradigm proposed in the EU with the Digital Markets Act (DMA) seems to follow this suggestion.
Identification of Optimal Urinary Biomarkers of Synthetic Cannabinoids BZO-HEXOXIZID, BZO-POXIZID, 5F-BZO-POXIZID, and BZO-CHMOXIZID for Illicit Abuse Monitoring
Authors: Lee Keane Zhi Hao , Wang Ziteng , Fong Ching Yee , Goh Evelyn Mei Ling , Moy Hooi Yan , Chan Eric Chun Yong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The continuous introduction of new synthetic cannabinoid (SC) subtypes and analogues remains a major problem worldwide. Recently, a new “OXIZID” generation of SCs surfaced in seized materials across various countries. Hence, there is an impetus to identify urinary biomarkers of the OXIZIDs to detect their abuse.

Methods
We adapted our previously reported two-pronged approach to investigate the metabolite profiles and disposition kinetics of 4 OXIZID analogues, namely, BZO-HEXOXIZID (MDA-19), BZO-POXIZID (5C-MDA-19), 5F-BZO-POXIZID (5F-MDA-19), and BZO-CHMOXIZID (CHM-MDA-19). First, bottom-up in vitro incubation experiments comprising metabolite identification, metabolic stability, and reaction phenotyping were performed using human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Second, top-down analysis of authentic urine samples from drug abusers was performed to corroborate the in vitro findings and establish a panel of urinary biomarkers.

Results
A total of 42 to 51 metabolites were detected for each OXIZID, and their major metabolic pathways included N-alkyl and phenyl hydroxylation, oxidative defluorination (for 5F-BZO-POXIZID), oxidation to ketone and carboxylate, amide hydrolysis, and N-dealkylation. The OXIZIDs were metabolically unstable, mainly metabolized by cytochromes P3A4, P3A5, and P2C9, and demonstrated mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P3A4. Integrating with the results of 4 authentic urine samples, the parent drug and both N-alkyl and phenyl mono-hydroxylated metabolites of each OXIZID were determined as suitable urinary biomarkers.

Conclusions
Drug enforcement agencies worldwide may apply these biomarkers in routine monitoring procedures to identify abusers and counter the escalation of OXIZID abuse.
Cardiogenic shock severity and mortality in patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C , Baran David A , Kyle Bohman J , van Diepen Sean , Radosevich Misty , Yalamuri Suraj , Rycus Peter , Drakos Stavros G , Tonna Joseph E 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsShock severity predicts mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). We evaluated the association between pre-cannulation Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention (SCAI) shock classification and mortality among patients receiving venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for CS.Methods and resultsWe included Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry patients from 2010 to 2020 who received VA ECMO for CS. SCAI shock stage was assigned based on hemodynamic support requirements prior to ECMO initiation. In-hospital mortality was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. We included 12 106 unique VA ECMO patient runs with a median age of 57.9 (interquartile range: 46.8, 66.1) years and 31.8% were females; 3472 (28.7%) were post-cardiotomy. The distribution of SCAI shock stages at ECMO initiation was: B, 821 (6.8%); C, 7518 (62.1%); D, 2973 (24.6%); and E, 794 (6.6%). During the index hospitalization, 6681 (55.2%) patients died. In-hospital mortality increased incrementally with SCAI shock stage (adjusted OR: 1.24 per SCAI shock stage, 95% CI: 1.17–1.32, P &lt; 0.001): B, 47.5%; C, 52.8%; D, 60.8%; E, 65.1%. A higher SCAI shock stage was associated with increased in-hospital mortality in key subgroups, although the SCAI shock classification was only predictive of mortality in non-surgical (medical) CS and not in post-cardiotomy CS.ConclusionThe severity of shock prior to cannulation is a strong predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients receiving VA ECMO for CS. Using the pre-cannulation SCAI shock classification as a risk stratification tool can help clinicians refine prognostication for ECMO recipients and guide future investigations to improve outcomes.