bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the trade‐off between individual fitness and community performance of wheat crops using simulated canopy shade
Authors: Golan Guy , Abbai Ragavendran , Schnurbusch Thorsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe genetic heritage of wheat (Triticum spp.) crops has been shaped by millions of years of predomestication natural selection, often driven by competition among individuals. However, genetic improvements in yield potential are thought to involve selection towards reduced competitiveness, thus enhancing adaptation to the crop environment. We investigated potential trade‐offs between individual plant fitness and community performance using a population of introgression lines carrying chromosome segments of wild emmer (nondomesticated) in the background of an elite durum cultivar. We focused on light as a primary factor affecting plant–plant interactions and assessed morphological and biomass phenotypes of single plants grown in mixtures under sunlight and a simulated canopy shade, and the relevance of these phenotypes for the monoculture community in the field. We found that responses to canopy shade resemble responses to high density and contribute to both the individual and the community. Stepwise regressions suggested that grain number per spike and its persistence under shade are essential attributes of productive communities, advocating their use as a breeding target during early‐generation selection. Overall, multiple phenotypes attained under shade could better explain community performance. Our novel, applicable, high‐throughput set‐up provides new prospects for studying and selecting single‐plant phenotypes in a canopy‐like environment.
Forever focused on fairness: 75 years of organizational justice in Personnel Psychology
Authors: Colquitt Jason A. , Hill Edwyna T. , De Cremer David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe provide a review of progress in the field of organizational justice, paying special attention to articles published in Personnel Psychology. We begin by describing the foundation of the literature, where work linked adherence to distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice rules to employee cognitions, emotions, behaviors, and well‐being. We then turn to the extensions that marked the next stage of the literature's evolution, including justice climate, third‐party perspectives, and justice enactment–where managerial motives, characteristics, and context are cast as predictors of justice rule adherence. Next, we move to suggestions for future research, including manager‐based outcomes of justice rule adherence, more explicit integrations with the social justice literature, and gaining a better understanding of the fairness of artificial intelligence systems. We close with the practical implications of the justice literature, many of which have been informed by advancements in the pages of Personnel Psychology.
Progressive integration network for single‐image rain removal
Authors: Xu Huijian , Zhou Zhanchao , Huang Hanyi , Huang Wenkang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the inherent overlap between the background and rain streaks, most deraining methods have suffered greatly from the over‐smoothing effect, which restrains the deraining models’ performance to a great extent. To address this issue, a progressive integration network (PIN) is presented to reduce this effect. Specifically, in our network, the high‐level representations will be used to enhance the low‐level feature maps through our proposed global integration and local integration blocks. Moreover, based on the difficulty of prediction, a novel curriculum‐learning mechanism is explored to ease the procedure of training. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves considerable performance in contrast to other deraining methods.
Towards a legal definition of ecological restoration: Reviewing international, European and Member States' case law
Authors: Mendes Ana , Martínez Hernández Lorena , Badoz Léa , Slobodian Lydia , Rabaça João E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEcological restoration is of crucial importance to mitigate the impact of human activity on the environment and preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore, the concept of restoration is at the core of international and European Union (EU) environmental policy and governance. This article seeks to shed light on this concept in international and European case law. To this end, it reviews the definition, objectives and scope of restoration according to international scientific standards. It further distinguishes restoration from other related terms such as compensation, mitigation, conservation and rehabilitation. The article then analyses judgements rendered by the International Court of Justice, the Court of Justice of the EU and EU Member States' courts pertaining to restoration. It concludes that there are wide discrepancies in the use of the term restoration by the judiciary, in particular with regard to objectives, baselines and reference conditions. In light of these conclusions, the authors support the adoption of a legal definition of restoration.
Study of event‐related potentials by withdrawal friction on the fingertip
Authors: Si Chen , Qin Huang , Chuanzhuang Yang , Wei Tang , Lin Xu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe lack of understanding about the brain's reaction processes in perceiving touch and separation between skin and object surfaces is a barrier to the development of existing brain‐computer interface technologies and virtual haptics. These technologies are limited in their ability to advance. It leaves prosthesis users with a limited amount of tactile information that they can feel. This study aims to determine whether distinct surface aspects of various items trigger different reactions from the brain when friction is removed from the surface.MethodsWhen friction is suddenly removed from the surface of an item, a technique called event‐related potential, (ERP) is used to study the features of people's EEGs. It is done after the subject has actively explored the object's surface. A 64‐channels EEG collecting system was utilized to acquire EEG data from the individuals. [Corrections added on 5 December 2022, after first online publication: The preceding sentence has been updated.] The event‐related potentials for friction removal were generated using the Oddball paradigm, and the samples consisted of sandpaper with three distinct degrees of roughness. We utilized a total of 20 participants, 10 of whom were male, and 10 of whom were female, with a mean age of 21 years.ResultsIt was discovered that the P3 component of event‐related potentials, which is essential for cognition, was noticeably absent in the friction withdrawal response for various roughnesses. It was the case regardless of whether the surface was smooth or rough. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the P1 andP2 components, which suggests that the brain could not recognize the surface properties of objects with varying roughness as the friction withdrawal was being performed.ConclusionsIt has been demonstrated that tactile recognition does not occur after friction withdrawal. The findings of this paper could have significant repercussions for future research involving the study of haptic perception and brain‐computer interaction in prosthetic hands. It is a step toward future research on the mechanisms underlying human tactile perception, so think of it as preparation.
Analysis of writing prompts in South African physical sciences textbooks for Grade 12 learners
Authors: Upahi Johnson Enero , Ramnarain Umesh , Ajibola Damilare Sunday 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe advocacy for writing in science and STEM‐related fields through reasoning‐based writing, critical thinking and argumentation has been accentuated as a core competence in curriculum documents. In South Africa, the CAPS document for Physical Sciences acknowledged the importance of writing and consequently, call on teachers to engage in teaching language across the curriculum. This study examined the characteristics of writing prompts in three selected samples of textbooks to understand how writing is addressed in the Physical Sciences textbooks. Specifically, the study examined the frequency and characteristics of writing prompts included in the chemistry component of three selected Physical Sciences textbooks for Grade 12 learners. A total of 533 writing prompts were identified and analyzed using a coding scheme adopted for the study. Findings revealed that learners are prompted to write in variety of ways, with prompts that positioned them to explain why, discuss your ideas, explain how and explain what. While the prompts that ask learners to explain why and discuss your ideas were the most frequently coded, the press to write their reasoning with specific features that are inherent in the respective topics were inadequate. The implications for curriculum developers are the need for explicit instructions on the length of writings required, and for authors to develop adaptable guidelines to enable textbook users understand the writing expectations.
A genome‐wide association study identifies novel players in Na and Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana under alkaline‐salinity stress
Authors: Almira Casellas Maria Jose , Pérez‐Martín Laura , Busoms Silvia , Boesten René , Llugany Mercè , Aarts Mark G. M. , Poschenrieder Charlotte 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYIn nature, multiple stress factors occur simultaneously. The screening of natural diversity panels and subsequent Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) is a powerful approach to identify genetic components of various stress responses. Here, the nutritional status variation of a set of 270 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana grown on a natural saline‐carbonated soil is evaluated. We report significant natural variation on leaf Na (LNa) and Fe (LFe) concentrations in the studied accessions. Allelic variation in the NINJA and YUC8 genes is associated with LNa diversity, and variation in the ALA3 is associated with LFe diversity. The allelic variation detected in these three genes leads to changes in their mRNA expression and correlates with plant differential growth performance when plants are exposed to alkaline salinity treatment under hydroponic conditions. We propose that YUC8 and NINJA expression patters regulate auxin and jasmonic signaling pathways affecting plant tolerance to alkaline salinity. Finally, we describe an impairment in growth and leaf Fe acquisition associated with differences in root expression of ALA3, encoding a phospholipid translocase active in plasma membrane and the trans Golgi network which directly interacts with proteins essential for the trafficking of PIN auxin transporters, reinforcing the role of phytohormonal processes in regulating ion homeostasis under alkaline salinity.
Laryngeal tie‐forward in standing sedated horses
Authors: Lean Natasha E. , Sole‐Guitart Albert , Ahern Benjamin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility and describe the clinical experience of performing laryngeal tie‐forward (LTF) in standing horses unaffected (experimental) and affected (clinical) by intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (iDDSP).Study designExperimental study and case series.AnimalsFive normal experimental controls and five client owned horses affected by iDDSP.MethodsStanding LTF was performed and evaluated in five experimental horses and five clinical cases diagnosed with iDDSP. Standing LTF was performed under endoscopic guidance with horses sedated and the surgical site desensitized with local anesthetic solution. Short term outcome was assessed using radiography, resting and (in clinical cases) dynamic upper respiratory tract (URT) endoscopy.ResultsStanding LTF was well tolerated and completed in all horses. Radiographic assessment demonstrated that compared to preoperatively, the basihyoid bone and thyrohyoid‐thyroid articulation were positioned dorsally (9.6 mm, p = .006 and 20.4 mm, p = .007, respectively) at 2 days postoperatively. During repeat dynamic URT endoscopy at 48 hours postoperatively, 3/5 horses showed resolution of iDDSP and 2/5 marked improvement. One horse experienced brief iDDSP associated with neck flexion which corrected after swallowing. The second achieved a greater speed and total distance prior to iDDSP.ConclusionsStanding LTF did not incur any major peri‐ or postoperative complications. The laryngohyoid apparatus was repositioned dorsally and in a small case series had a similar surgical effect on laryngeal position.Clinical significanceStanding LTF is feasible, mitigates the risk of general anesthesia related complications and reduces cost.
Toxicity and selective mechanism of imazamox by weedy rice and imidazolinone‐resistant rice in China
Authors: Xiang Binghan , Cai Xinyi , Huang Hui , Wang Hao , Dong Liyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWeedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a notorious weed in direct‐seeding paddy fields. Because it has anatomical and physiological traits similar to those of cultivated rice, no selective herbicide is effective in controlling weedy rice growing among conventional rice cultivars. Imidazolinone (IMI)‐resistant rice lines JD372 and JJ818 have been planted with imazamox to control weedy rice in Jiangsu and Shanghai, China. Whole‐plant dose–response analysis showed that imazamox exhibited high efficacy against three populations of weedy rice. The ED90 of weedy rice populations FN‐5, GY‐8, and HY‐3 were 46.87, 61.43, and 52.17 g a.i. ha−1, respectively, close to the recommended field dose (50 g a.i. ha−1) of imazamox. Conversely, the ED10 values of JD372 and JJ818 were slightly lower than 50 g a.i. ha−1. These findings indicate that imazamox can control weedy rice production in JD372 and JJ818 fields. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) sensitivity of JD372 in vitro was 1714.89‐fold lower to imazamox than was that of FN‐5. ALS gene sequencing revealed a Ser653Asn point mutation—a common mutation that confers resistance to IMI herbicides in JD372. In addition, higher ALS expression levels in JD372 were found at 24 and 72 h after imazamox treatment. ALS overexpression might partially compensate for the ALS activity of JD372 that was suppressed by imazamox.
Influence of Inlet Mud Temperature on Bottom Hole Mud Temperature During Horizontal Well Drilling
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Yang Shangqing , Wang Guorong , Wang Jingpeng , Lu Jingsheng , Zhong Lin , Peng Geng , Pan Ganghui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The high temperature in the horizontal section and bottom of a horizontal well has a significant impact on the performance of mud and the safety of drilling equipment. The high bottomhole temperature is lowered often by reducing the inlet temperature. To explore how the inlet temperature impacts the bottomhole temperature during horizontal well drilling, a computational model for transient temperature during horizontal well drilling was established in this paper. Finite difference approach was utilized for the model discretization, while the relaxation iteration technique was adopted for the model resolution. The influence of inlet temperature on bottomhole temperature was analyzed during alterations of inlet flowrate and horizontal section length. On the basis of the obtained results, the impact of inlet temperature on bottomhole temperature decreases as the horizontal section length increases. On the premise that the horizontal section is long enough, lowering the inlet temperature exerts little impact on the bottomhole temperature fluctuation. As the inlet flowrate declines, the influence of inlet temperature on bottomhole temperature decreases. In addition, with the inlet flowrate being small enough, lowering inlet temperature rarely impacts the bottomhole temperature fluctuation.
On the equation x2 + dy6 = zp for square-free 1 ≤ d ≤ 20
Authors: Madriaga Franco Golfieri , Pacetti Ariel , Torcomian Lucas Villagra 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this paper is to show how the modular method together with different techniques can be used to prove non-existence of primitive non-trivial solutions of the equation [Formula: see text] for square-free values [Formula: see text]. The key ingredients are: the approach presented in [A. Pacetti and L. V. Torcomian, [Formula: see text]-curves, Hecke characters and some Diophantine equations, Math. Comp. 91(338) (2022) 2817–2865] (in particular its recipe for the space of modular forms to be computed) together with the use of the symplectic method (as developed in [E. Halberstadt and A. Kraus, Courbes de Fermat: Résultats et problèmes, J. Reine Angew. Math. 548 (2002) 167–234], although we give a variant over ramified extensions needed in our applications) to discard solutions and the use of a second Frey curve, aiming to prove large image of residual Galois representations.
Diversity patterns and seasonality of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Shere-Kharwar Aditi Sunil , Magdum Sujata M. , Khedkar G.D. , Supriya Singh Gupta  
Published: November 2022

As most of the biodiversity studies report the abundance and enlist the species, there is severe data deficiency in understanding the diversity patterns. The present study was designed to carry out periodic diversity assessments to understand the trends in diversity patterns of hawk moths. The study was carried out in the northern Western Ghats in Nashik district. Seven sampling stations were identified and periodic visits to these places were carried out over the span of five years (2011–2015). A total of 463 moths were recorded belonging to 18 species, represented by 10 genera. A new record from Western Ghat, Theretra sumatrensis (Joicey & Kaye 1917) is reported for the first time along with its DNA barcode. Six diversity indices (four alpha diversity indices and two beta diversity indices) were employed to understand the diversity dynamics. Whittaker’s plot was generated using the rank abundance suggesting high species evenness for all sampling stations. Maximum diversity was observed during Monsoon. Wani was the most diverse sampling station throughout the study period (Shannon’s Index = 2.7132±0.060; Simpson’s Index = 0.9273±0.006; Brillouin’s Index = 2.252±0.089; Fisher’s alpha = 10.9472±1.685). Beta diversity was assessed with the help of Dice’s coefficient and Jaccard’s similarity index. Hence, we recommend rigorous periodic diversity assessments to generate adequate information about diversity that expedites conservational strategies’ pace.
The new addition of Blue Pimpernel of Primulaceae to the state flora of Assam, India
Authors: Kalita Sushmita , Das Barnali , Nath Namita 
Published: November 2022

Lysimachia arvensis var. caerulea (L.) Turland & Bergmeier, a variety belonging to the family Primulaceae is reported as new to the state flora of Assam, northeastern India. The authors encountered the specimen during field survey at Kamrup Rural District of Assam in 2020. This manuscript describes taxonomy and morphology details along with pictorial illustration of the specimen.
Population trends of Mugger Crocodile and human-crocodile interactions along the Savitri River at Mahad, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Utkarsha Manish Chavan  , Borkar Manoj Ramakant 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we report monitoring of a resident population of Mugger Crocodile Crocodylus palustris (Lesson, 1831) along a stretch of 3.5 km of the river Savitri on the outskirts of Mahad town of Raigad District in Maharashtra, on monthly basis from 2014 to 2021. This river is increasingly becoming a sink of anthropogenic wastes emerging from adjacent settlements impacting its habitat value, and puts the reptile side by side with humans and human-wastes that could be a cause of rising incidents of crocodile mortality in the recent times here, as also reported from elsewhere. Savitri River has been a fishing ground for local indigenous communities, who also use the river bank for washing clothes and utensils, and for swimming. Such proximity between people and crocodiles creates a potential for negative interaction. This long term study monitored the Mugger population trends for the last eight years at four transect stretches along the river. Counts are suggestive of a healthy viable population of Mugger in this river currently, but a future conflict situation cannot be ruled out. Being generalist feeders, Muggers can sustain themselves on fish, and scavenge on dumped carrion and other anthropogenic organic wastes. With the exception of a few sporadic incidents of aggression by the Muggers at this location, no human casualties have been reported thus far, however, this does not rule out fatal reciprocal interactions in future and hence a few practical mitigation measures have been suggested.
Foraging activity and breeding system of Avicennia officinalis L. (Avicenniaceae) in Kerala, India
Authors: K. Vinaya  , C.F. Binoy  
Published: November 2022

Field studies were carried out to assess the foraging activity and the breeding system of Avicennia officinalis L. in Chettuwa, Thrissur, India during the two flowering seasons of 2018–2019. A. officinalis, also known as the Indian mangrove is a common mangrove occupying the river banks of the Kerala coast of southern India. The plant blooms massively during the onset of the first summer showers. The flowering to fruiting period lasted from April to July. Bagging experiments revealed that A. officinalis preferred a mixed breeding system though they had a low fruit set recorded in self-pollination experiments. A total of 15 species of foraging insects belonging to three orders, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera, were observed. The three most abundant insect foragers were Apis florea Fabr., Campsomeriella collaris Fabr., and Chrysomya megacephala Fabr. Among these, A. florea showed a significantly high visitation rate followed by C. collaris and then C. megacephala. C. collaris, however, had the highest and most significant handling time for Avicennia officinalis than A. florea. The peak foraging activity was recorded from 1000h to 1100h and from 1500h to 1700h. These findings emphasize the importance of insect flower visitors in the breeding of A. officinalis, highlighting the need to maintain the plant-pollinator relationships for the protection of mangrove ecosystems.
‘Belief’ and Anthropology, in Use and in Theory
Authors: Streeter Joseph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This essay examines the standing of three important and widely accepted criticisms of the use of the concept of belief within the anthropology of religion. It does so by examining whether these criticisms track the historical use of the concept within the discipline, that is, whether the problematic implications that they associate with the concept can reasonably be inferred from the historical use of the words ‘believe’ and ‘belief’ by anthropologists. It argues that the criticisms do not meet this standard, and that we therefore have reason to think that they are pseudo-problems, which have no legitimate claim on our attention. It concludes by suggesting some reasons why these apparently arbitrary concerns about the concept of belief should have arisen, looking first at some discussions of the meaning of the terms ‘believe’ and ‘belief,’ and second at the reception of Rodney Needham’s 1972 monograph Belief, Language, and Experience.