bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge‐based planning for the radiation therapy treatment plan quality assurance for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Cao Wenhua , Gronberg Mary , Olanrewaju Adenike , Whitaker Thomas , Hoffman Karen , Cardenas Carlos , Garden Adam , Skinner Heath , Beadle Beth , Court Laurence 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a knowledge‐based planning technique to detect poor quality VMAT plans for patients with head and neck cancer. We created two dose–volume histogram (DVH) prediction models using a commercial knowledge‐based planning system (RapidPlan, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) from plans generated by manual planning (MP) and automated planning (AP) approaches. DVHs were predicted for evaluation cohort 1 (EC1) of 25 patients and compared with achieved DVHs of MP and AP plans to evaluate prediction accuracy. Additionally, we predicted DVHs for evaluation cohort 2 (EC2) of 25 patients for which we intentionally generated plans with suboptimal normal tissue sparing while satisfying dose–volume limits of standard practice. Three radiation oncologists reviewed these plans without seeing the DVH predictions. We found that predicted DVH ranges (upper–lower predictions) were consistently wider for the MP model than for the AP model for all normal structures. The average ranges of mean dose predictions among all structures was 9.7 Gy (MP model) and 3.4 Gy (AP model) for EC1 patients. RapidPlan models identified 7 MP plans as outliers according to mean dose or D1% for at least one structure, while none of AP plans were flagged. For EC2 patients, 22 suboptimal plans were identified by prediction. While re‐generated AP plans validated that these suboptimal plans could be improved, 40 out of 45 structures with predicted poor sparing were also identified by oncologist reviews as requiring additional planning to improve sparing in the clinical setting. Our study shows that knowledge‐based DVH prediction models can be sufficiently accurate for plan quality assurance purposes. A prediction model built by a small cohort automatically‐generated plans was effective in detecting suboptimal plans. Such tools have potential to assist the plan quality assurance workflow for individual patients in the clinic.
Design and standard utilization of safety devices for the radiation treatment management of heavy patients
Authors: Kanchaveli David , Hellman Samuel , Lovelock Dale , Archuadze Giorgi , Biancia Cesar Della 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeIncreasing number of heavy cancer patients has created challenges in diagnostic imaging and radiation oncology. Practical weight limits of the equipment can become an obstacle both for imaging and treatment of these patients. Most magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) tables’ static load capacities are between 450 and 500 pounds, and linear accelerator tables can support similar weights depending on the type of the table and manufacturer. One recurring issue we encountered was failure of the treatment couch's longitudinal drive belt due to heavy patients’ sudden movement. In several cases, snapping of the longitudinal drive belt occurred when the patient's weight was under 300 lbs (below the rated weight limit). Additionally, we observed vertical deflection of the couch when extended/cantilevered with heavy patients. The purpose of this work was to implement immobilization methods and safety devices for radiation treatment management of heavy patients in order to increase patient/provider safety, prevent treatment couch damage, and reduce treatment disruptions.Materials and methodsWe created three safety devices for treatment management of heavy patients. Wooden brace and Scissor jack were used to lock the couch longitudinal axis (while the couch longitudinal drive was floated) during the setup of a heavy patient and absorb the mechanical impulse applied to the couch longitudinal drive belt. Wooden brace was built in house and positioned in between the wall and treatment couch to lock the longitudinal axis. Commercially available 10 in × 10 in scissor jack lift with adjustable height 3 ½ in – 13 in was modified to increase effectiveness and safety. An additional stand was created with adjustable height and rolling rubber wheels to support the couch when extended/cantilevered with heavy patients.ResultsUsing these devices prevented the longitudinal belt from breaking and improved the patient/therapist safety at eight treatment sites within our network. No farther couch belt failures were observed since devices were introduced for clinical use. All three devices can be used and removed without any modifications done to the treatment couch.
Hyperventilation‐induced focal seizures in adults: think autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Wennberg Richard A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCase reports have described rare patients with autoimmune encephalitis in whom focal seizures could be reliably provoked by hyperventilation. With the hypothesis that this phenomenon may have diagnostic significance, all cases of hyperventilation‐induced focal seizures identified during ~10,000 consecutive routine electroencephalography (EEG) studies were reviewed, and corresponding diagnoses established. Seven EEG recordings, in six patients, contained focal hyperventilation‐induced seizures, each of temporal lobe onset. All patients were diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis, in two cases after EEG; five had voltage‐gated potassium channel complex autoantibodies. Although rare, a hyperventilation‐induced focal seizure during EEG in an adult should raise concern for autoimmune encephalitis.
Association of CD90 Expression by CD14+ Dendritic‐Shaped Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissue With Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Kurose Rie , Satoh Takashi , Kurose Akira , Satoh Yo‐Ichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki , Wakai Yuji , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Ishida Kinji , Ogasawara Katsutoshi , Sawai Takashi 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveCD14+ dendritic‐shaped cells show a dendritic morphology under the electron microscopy and engage in a pseudoemperipolesis phenomenon with lymphocytes. CD90 has been used as a marker of a major subset of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we investigated the significance of CD90 expression in CD14+ dendritic‐shaped cells and its correlation with RA chronic inflammation.MethodsDouble immunofluorescence staining for CD14 and CD90 was performed in the collected tissues, including 12 active RA synovial tissues. The localization of CD14+CD90+ cells, the percentages of CD14+CD90+ cells and vascular areas, the degree of synovitis, and clinical data were investigated. Furthermore, CD14+CD90+ cells analyzed by flow cytometry (CD14highCD90intermediate (int) cells) were sorted from RA synovial cells, and we examined their potential to differentiate into dendritic cells.ResultsDouble immunofluorescence staining showed that CD14+CD90+ cells were abundant in RA synovial tissues. The percentages of CD14+CD90+ cells and vascular areas correlated with some of the Krenn synovitis scores, but neither showed a strong correlation with RA disease activity parameters. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that CD14highCD90int cells were more abundant in both peripheral blood samples and synovial tissues in patients with active RA. CD14highCD90int cells were more likely to differentiate into dendritic cells in vitro.ConclusionCD14+ dendritic‐shaped cells expressed CD90 in the perivascular areas of RA synovial tissues. These findings suggest that CD14+CD90+ dendritic‐shaped cells migrate from the peripheral blood to the synovial tissue, the site of inflammation, and may contribute to the chronic inflammation of RA as dendritic progenitor cells.
Multifunctional “Janus‐Type” Bilayer Films Combine Broad‐Range Tissue Adhesion with Guided Drug Release
Authors: Kimna Ceren , Bauer Maria G. , Lutz Theresa M. , Mansi Salma , Akyuz Enes , Doganyigit Zuleyha , Karakol Percin , Mela Petra , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTissue healing is a challenging process that requires the successful and simultaneous management of conflicting priorities. While promoting wound closure, a battle must be won against different external factors that may adversely affect the healing process. Here this problem is approached by creating asymmetrically designed double‐layer Janus‐type bilayer films where distinct functions are implemented into the two sides of the film. Once deployed, those Janus‐type films exhibit strong adhesion to a wide variety of wet tissues and canalize the release of integrated therapeutics toward the tissue side. At the same time, the outer surface of the films acts as a shield against tribological stress, pathogens, and cellular immune recognition. Moreover, when compared to untreated wounds, Janus‐treated skin lesions show accelerated wound closure as well as fast formation of new, intact tissue. Having performed their tasks, Janus‐type films degrade without leaving any traces on the tissues, which makes it possible to apply them to sensitive body surfaces. Thus, it is expected that the Janus‐type bilayer films designed here can be used in a variety of medical applications where conflicting demands must be met at the same time.
Field‐Free Magnetization Switching Driven by Spin–Orbit Torque in L10‐FeCrPt Single Layer
Authors: Lyu Haochang , Zhao Yunchi , Qi Jie , Huang He , Zhang Jingyan , Yang Guang , Guo Yaqin , Shen Shipeng , Qin Weidu , Sun Young , Shen Jianxin , Dou Pengwei , Shao Bokai , Zhang Yi , Jin Kui , Long Youwen , Wei Hongxiang , Shen Baogen , Wang Shouguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrical switching of magnetization through spin–orbit torque (SOT) induced by a composition gradient in single‐layer L10‐FePt has garnered considerable research interest owing to its inherent superior perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) that provides ultrahigh capacity to magnetic storage and memory devices. However, a large in‐plane external magnetic field is typically required to assist SOT‐driven switching, which is still a limitation for the practical application of L10‐FePt. This study reports realizable field‐free magnetization switching by SOT via Cr doping to form a single‐layer magnetic structure with an in‐plane magnetization component oriented toward L10‐FeCrPt [110] direction that strongly depends on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The Cr doping yields a considerable in‐plane exchange‐coupling effective field that is conducive toward disintegrating the rotational switching symmetry and facilitates field‐free switching in single‐layer films with PMA. Furthermore, this in‐plane effective field exhibits a nonmonotonic evolution with respect to the Cr‐doping concentration, which is validated using first‐principles calculation with a frustration‐based model of magnetic exchange interactions. Thus, this study delivers an attractive method to facilitate the field‐free electrical manipulations of magnetization in single‐layer ferromagnets to motivate innovative designs for advanced spintronics devices.
In Situ Activated NK Cell as Bio‐Orthogonal Targeted Live‐Cell Nanocarrier Augmented Solid Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Meng Dandan , Pan Hong , He Wei , Jiang Xing , Liang Zhenguo , Zhang Xu , Xu Xiaoyu , Wang Zixi , Zheng Jinling , Gong Ping , Li Wenjun , Cai Lintao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell‐based immunotherapy holds prominent potential for cancer treatment. However, its application in solid tumors is limited by a rapid decline in viability and function, as well as inadequate homing and infiltration. Herein, a generalized strategy is offered to construct a bio‐orthogonal targeted live‐cell nanocarrier (N3‐NK‐NPs) by coupling with responsive released interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) nanoparticles (ILNPs) on glyco‐engineered NK cell surfaces. Complementary bio‐orthogonal groups (azide (N3)/bicyclo [6.1.0] nonyne (BCN), serving as an artificial ligand receptor are separately implanted into NK cells (N3‐NK) and tumor cells (BCN‐Raji) via nondestructive metabolic glycoengineering. The bio‐orthogonal strategy effectively promotes the specific recognition and migration of NK cells, showing nearly fourfold deeper infiltration in tumor than control groups. Compared with traditional systemic administration, ILNPs hitchhiking on cell vectors selectively in situ releases the IL‐21 adjuvant in the tumor to produce effective and continuous “pseudo‐autocrine” stimulation surrounding NK cells under a low dose (5 µg kg–1), which greatly promotes proliferation and activation of NK cells, resulting in enhanced therapeutic potential while limiting systemic toxicity. Importantly, live‐cell nanocarrier effectively activates innate immune system through IL‐21 triggered recruitment of multiple immunocytes, significantly improving tumor immune microenvironment. This in situ activated NK cell nanocarrier with bio‐orthogonal targeting provides a universal and powerful strategy for immune cells activation and solid tumor immunotherapy.
Bamboo‐Based Biomaterials for Cell Transportation and Bone Integration
Authors: Xue Jianmin , Ma Hongshi , Song Erhong , Han Fei , Li Tian , Zhang Meng , Zhu Yufang , Liu Jianjun , Wu Chengtie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe construction of hierarchical porous structure in biomaterials is of great significance for improving nutrient transport and biological performance. However, it is still challenging to design porous bone substitutes with high strength and biological properties, which limits their clinical applications in load‐bearing bone regeneration. Herein, based on hierarchical porous structure of renewable bamboo, the mineralized calcium phosphate/bamboo composite scaffolds with high strength and excellent transport performance are successfully prepared in combination of biotemplated approach and biomimetic mineralization. The mineralized biomaterials have simultaneously achieved high mechanical strength and low modulus, similar to those of cortical bone. Furthermore, the mineralized biomaterials exhibit good liquid transport capacity and can transport cells along anti‐gravity direction. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the mineralized calcium phosphate reveals the optimal H2O adsorption energy (−0.651 eV) and low diffusion energy barrier (0.743 eV), which is conducive to enhance hydrophilicity and liquid transport performance. Moreover, owing to the synergistic effect of the porous structure of biotemplate and bioactive mineralized components, the mineralized biomaterials possess enhanced bone integration and osteoconduction properties. The present study shed light on deeper understanding of mineralized biosourced materials, offering a strategy of combining green chemistry with tissue engineering to prepare eco‐friendly biomaterials.
A Gapped Phase in Semimetallic Td‐WTe2 Induced by Lithium Intercalation
Authors: Wang Mengjing , Kumar Aakash , Dong Hao , Woods John M. , Pondick Joshua V. , Xu Shiyu , Hynek David J. , Guo Peijun , Qiu Diana Y. , Cha Judy J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Weyl semimetal WTe2 has shown several correlated electronic behaviors, such as the quantum spin Hall effect, superconductivity, ferroelectricity, and a possible exciton insulator state, all of which can be tuned by various physical and chemical approaches. Here, a new electronic phase in WTe2 induced by lithium intercalation is discovered. The new phase exhibits an increasing resistivity with decreasing temperature and its carrier density is almost two orders of magnitude lower than the carrier density of the semimetallic Td phase, probed by in situ Hall measurements as a function of lithium intercalation. The theoretical calculations predict the new lithiated phase to be a potential charge density wave (CDW) phase with a bandgap of ≈0.14 eV, in good agreement with the in situ transport data. The new phase is structurally distinct from the initial Td phase, characterized by polarization‐angle‐dependent Raman spectroscopy, and large lattice distortions close to 6% are predicted in the new phase. This finding of a new gapped phase in a 2D semimetal demonstrates electrochemical intercalation as a powerful tuning knob for modulating electron density and phase stability in 2D materials.
An Intracellular Self‐Assembly‐Driven Uninterrupted ROS Generator Augments 5‐Aminolevulinic‐Acid‐Based Tumor Therapy
Authors: Shi Jinjin , Nie Weimin , Zhao Xiu , Yang Xinyuan , Cheng Hui , Zhou Tonghai , Zhang Yun , Zhang Kaixiang , Liu Junjie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFree radical therapy based on 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA, a precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical tumor treatment. However, PpIX can be quickly converted into photoinactive heme, leading to unexpectedly paused production of free radicals and severely hindering its therapeutic benefits. Here, inspired by the natural biotransformation of ALA (ALA‐PpIX‐heme), an uninterrupted reactive oxygen species generator (URG) that converts useless heme to peroxidase mimics via intracellular self‐assembly is developed. The URG is prepared by enwrapping ALA‐loaded polyamide‐amine dendrimers in red blood cell membrane vesicles with a further surface modification of G‐quadruplex‐structured AS1411. The URGs realize “1O2−•OH” uninterrupted generation through “recycling waste” in two steps: i) PpIX generates 1O2 under laser irradiation; and ii) the photoinactive metabolite heme self‐assembled with AS1411 to catalyze H2O2 conversion into •OH. Interestingly, the specific generation of 1O2 in mitochondria and •OH in nuclei further augments the free‐radical‐induced damage. It is demonstrated that URG can continuously produce free radicals for 6 h postirradiation, and shows 3.3‐times more than that of the nonassembly group, achieving nearly 80% regression of tumors in vivo.
Electrically Conductive Photoluminescent Porphyrin Phosphonate Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zorlu Yunus , Wagner Lukas , Tholen Patrik , Ayhan Mehmet Menaf , Bayraktar Ceyda , Hanna Gabriel , Yazaydin A. Ozgur , Yavuzçetin Özgür , Yücesan Gündoğ 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, the design and synthesis of a highly photoluminescent and electrically conductive metal–organic framework [Zn{Cu‐p‐H6TPPA}]⋅2 [(CH3)2NH] (designated as GTUB3), which is constructed using the 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis [p‐phenylphosphonic acid] porphyrin (p‐H8TPPA) organic linker, is reported. The bandgap of GTUB3 is measured to be 1.45 and 1.48 eV using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. The PL decay measurement yields a charge carrier lifetime of 40.6 ns. Impedance and DC measurements yield average electrical conductivities of 0.03 and 4 S m−1, respectively, making GTUB3 a rare example of an electrically conductive 3D metal–organic framework. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the organic components of GTUB3 are stable up to 400 °C. Finally, its specific surface area and pore volume are calculated to be 622 m2 g−1 and 0.43 cm3 g−1, respectively, using grand canonical Monte Carlo. Owing to its porosity and high electrical conductivity, GTUB3 may be used as a low‐cost electrode material in next generation of supercapacitors, while its low bandgap and high photoluminescence make it a promising material for optoelectronic applications.
One‐Pot Reaction of (β‐Amino‐α,α‐difluoroethyl)phosphonates with Trifluoromethylated Ketones via Aza‐Wittig Reagents
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Jiang , Wang Nana , Pajkert Romana , Mei Haibo , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Han Jianlin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a one‐pot reaction of (β‐amino‐α,α‐difluoroethyl)phosphonates involving aza‐Wittig reagents, in which, difluoromethylphosphonate‐containing diazo and trifluoromethylated ketones assemble to furnish azo‐containing α‐fluorovinylphosphonates. Mechanism studies disclose a pathway, which contains an aza‐Wittig reaction, water addition to hydrazone, and C−F bond cleavage with an aza‐Wittig reagent as a key intermediate. This reaction is conducted at 60 °C affording a series of α‐fluorovinylphosphonate compounds in 42–94% yields and Z‐stereoselectivity. This work opens a vision for the difluoroalkyl‐substituted diazos, and provides a strategy for the synthesis of α‐fluorovinylphosphonate derivatives.magnified image
Endothelial Cells Mediated by UCP2 Control the Neurogenic‐to‐Astrogenic Neural Stem Cells Fate Switch During Brain Development
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Su Libo , Wang Yanyan , Li Chenxiao , Ji Fen , Jiao Jianwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring mammalian cortical development, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) gradually alter their characteristics, and the timing of generation of neurons and glial cells is strictly regulated by internal and external factors. However, whether the blood vessels located near NSCs affect the neurogenic‐to‐gliogenic transition remain unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that endothelial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) deletion reduces blood vessel diameter and affects the transition timing of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Deletion of endothelial UCP2 results in a persistent increase in astrocyte production at the postnatal stage. Mechanistically, the endothelial UCP2/ROS/ERK1/2 pathway increases chymase‐1 expression to enhance angiotensin II (AngII) secretion outside the brain endothelium. The endotheliocyte‐driven AngII‐gp130‐JAK‐STAT pathway also regulates gliogenesis initiation. Moreover, endothelial UCP2 knockdown decreases human neural precursor cell (hNPC) differentiation into neurons and accelerates hNPC differentiation into astrocytes. Altogether, this work provides mechanistic insights into how endothelial UCP2 regulates the neurogenic‐to‐gliogenic fate switch in the developing neocortex.
Oxygen‐Independent Sulfate Radical for Stimuli‐Responsive Tumor Nanotherapy
Authors: Ding Dandan , Mei Zihan , Huang Hui , Feng Wei , Chen Liang , Chen Yu , Zhou Jianqiao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVariant modalities are quested and merged into the tumor nanotherapy by leveraging the excitation from external or intratumoral incentives. However, the ubiquitous hypoxia and the insufficient content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironments inevitably hinder the effective production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To radically extricate from the shackles, peroxymonosulfate (PMS: HSO5−)‐loaded hollow mesoporous copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared as the distinct ROS donors for sulfate radical (•SO4−)‐mediated and stimuli‐responsive tumor nanotherapy in an oxygen‐independent manner. In this therapeutic modality, the second near‐infrared laser irradiation, together with the released copper ions as well as the heat produced by CuS after illumination, work together to activate PMS thus triply ensuring the copious production of •SO4−. Different from conventional ROS, the emergence of •SO4−, possessing a longer half‐life and more rapid reaction, is independent of the oxygen (O2) and H2O2 content within the tumor. In addition, this engineered nanosystem also exerts the function of photoacoustic imaging and skin restoration on the corresponding animal models. This study reveals the enormous potential of sulfate radical in oncotherapy and broadens pave for exploring the application of multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive nanosystems in biomedicine.