bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prostate biopsy risk calculator based on MRI: development and comparison of the Prospective Loyola University multiparametric MRI (PLUM) and Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group (PBCG) risk calculators
Authors: Patel Hiten D. , Koehne Elizabeth L. , Shea Steven M. , Fang Andrew M. , Gerena Marielia , Gorbonos Alex , Quek Marcus L. , Flanigan Robert C. , Goldberg Ari , Rais‐Bahrami Soroush , Gupta Gopal N. 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a prostate cancer (PCa) risk calculator (RC) incorporating multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and to compare its performance with that of the Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group (PBCG) RC.Patients and MethodsMen without a PCa diagnosis receiving mpMRI before biopsy in the Prospective Loyola University mpMRI (PLUM) Prostate Biopsy Cohort (2015–2020) were included. Data from a separate institution were used for external validation. The primary outcome was diagnosis of no cancer, grade group (GG)1 PCa, and clinically significant (cs)PCa (≥GG2). Binary logistic regression was used to explore standard clinical and mpMRI variables (prostate volume, Prostate Imaging‐Reporting Data System [PI‐RADS] version 2.0 lesions) with the final PLUM RC, based on a multinomial logistic regression model. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve, calibration curves, and decision‐curve analysis were evaluated in the training and validation cohorts.ResultsA total of 1010 patients were included for development (N = 674 training [47.8% PCa, 30.9% csPCa], N = 336 internal validation) and 371 for external validation. The PLUM RC outperformed the PBCG RC in the training (area under the curve [AUC] 85.9% vs 66.0%; P < 0.001), internal validation (AUC 88.2% vs 67.8%; P < 0.001) and external validation (AUC 83.9% vs 69.4%; P < 0.001) cohorts for csPCa detection. The PBCG RC was prone to overprediction while the PLUM RC was well calibrated. At a threshold probability of 15%, the PLUM RC vs the PBCG RC could avoid 13.8 vs 2.7 biopsies per 100 patients without missing any csPCa. At a cost level of missing 7.5% of csPCa, the PLUM RC could have avoided 41.0% (566/1381) of biopsies compared to 19.1% (264/1381) for the PBCG RC. The PLUM RC compared favourably with the Stanford Prostate Cancer Calculator (SPCC; AUC 84.1% vs 81.1%; P = 0.002) and the MRI‐European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) RC (AUC 84.5% vs 82.6%; P = 0.05).ConclusionsThe mpMRI‐based PLUM RC significantly outperformed the PBCG RC and compared favourably with other mpMRI‐based RCs. A large proportion of biopsies could be avoided using the PLUM RC in shared decision making while maintaining optimal detection of csPCa.
Novel luciferase‐based glucagon‐like peptide 1 reporter assay reveals naturally occurring secretagogues
Authors: Anghel Sorina Andreea , Badea Rodica Aura , Chiritoiu Gabriela , Patriche David Sebastian , Alexandru Petruta Ramona , Pena Florentina 
Published: June 2022

Background and PurposeGlucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) is a hormone derived from preproglucagon. It is secreted by enteroendocrine cells in response to feeding and, in turn, acts as a critical regulator of insulin release. Modulating GLP‐1 secretion holds promise as a strategy for controlling blood glucose levels.Experimental ApproachTo dissect GLP‐1 regulation and discover specific secretagogues, we engineered a reporter cell line introducing a luciferase within the proglucagon sequence in GLUTag cells. The assay was validated using western blotting and ELISA. A focused natural compounds library was screened. We measured luminescence, glucose uptake and ATP to investigate the mechanism by which newly found secretagogues potentiate GLP‐1 secretion.Key ResultsThe newly created reporter cell line is ideal for the rapid, sensitive and quantitative assessment of GLP‐1 secretion. The small molecule screen identified non‐toxic GLP‐1 modulators. Quercetin is the most potent newly found GLP‐1 secretagogue, while other flavonoids also potentiate GLP‐1 secretion. Quercetin requires glucose and extracellular calcium to act as GLP‐1 secretagogue. Our results support a mechanism whereby flavonoids cause GLUTag cells to utilize glucose more efficiently, leading to elevated ATP levels, followed by KATP channel blockade and GLP‐1 exocytosis.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur methodology enabled finding of new GLP‐1 secretagogues. Quercetin is a potent, naturally occurring GLP‐1 secretagogue. Mechanistic studies of newly found secretagogues are possible in newly created reporter cell line. Further validation in more physiological systems, such as primary L‐cells or whole organisms, is needed. GLP‐1 secretagogues might serve as leads for developing alternative glucose‐lowering therapies.
Patch testing with the European baseline series and 10 added allergens: Single‐centre study of 748 patients
Authors: Bizjak Mojca , Adamič Katja , Bajrovič Nissera , Eržen Renato , Jošt Maja , Kopač Peter , Košnik Mitja , Lalek Nika , Zidarn Mihaela , Dinevski Dejan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe European baseline series (EBS) of contact allergens is subject to change. An allergen is considered for inclusion when routine patch testing of patients with suspected contact dermatitis results in ≥0.5% prevalence rate.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the frequency of sensitizations to 30 EBS allergens and 10 locally added allergens. Additionally, we assessed the strength and evolution of reactions to all tested allergens and co‐reactivity of additional allergens.MethodsPatch testing with our baseline series of 40 allergens was done in 748 consecutive adults. Tests were applied to the upper back and removed by patients after 48 h. Readings were done on Day 3 (D3) and D6 or D7 (D6/7). Positive reactions fulfilled the criteria of at least one plus (+) reaction. A retrospective analysis was done.ResultsEight allergens not listed in the EBS had ≥0.5% prevalence rate (i.e., cocamidopropyl betaine, thiomersal, disperse blue mix 106/124, 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol, diazolidinyl urea, propylene glycol, Compositae mix II and dexamethasone‐21‐phosphate), and 16.6% of positive reactions would have been missed without D6/7 readings.ConclusionWe propose further studies to evaluate whether cocamidopropyl betaine, disperse blue mix 106/124, 2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol, diazolidinyl urea and Compositae mix II need to be added to the EBS.
Time trends in the incidence rates of venous thromboembolism following colorectal resection by indication and operative technique
Authors: Lewis‐Lloyd Christopher A. , Crooks Colin J. , West Joe , Peacock Oliver , Humes David J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimIt is important for patient safety to assess if international changes in perioperative care, such as the focus on venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention and minimally invasive surgery, have reduced the high post colectomy VTE risks previously reported. This study assesses the impact of changes in perioperative care on VTE risk following colorectal resection.MethodThis was a population‐based cohort study of colectomy patients in England between 2000 and 2019 using a national database of linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data. Within 30 days following colectomy, absolute VTE rates per 1000 person‐years and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) using Poisson regression for the per year change in VTE risk were calculated.ResultsOf 183 791 patients, 1337 (0.73%) developed 30‐day postoperative VTE. Overall, VTE rates reduced over the 20‐year study period following elective (relative risk reduction 31.25%, 95% CI 5.69%–49.88%) but not emergency surgery. Similarly, yearly changes in VTE risk reduced following minimally invasive resections (elective benign, aIRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97; elective malignant, aIRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.98; and emergency benign, aIRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–1.00) but not following open resections. There was a per year VTE risk increase following open emergency malignant resections (aIRR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04).ConclusionYearly VTE risks reduced following minimally invasive surgeries in the elective setting yet in contrast were static following open elective colectomies, and following emergency malignant resections increased by almost 2% per year. To reduce VTE risk, further efforts are required to implement advances in surgical care for those having emergency and/or open surgery.
Cost of postoperative ileus following colorectal surgery: A cost analysis in the Australian public hospital setting
Authors: Traeger Luke , Koullouros Michalis , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Kroon Hidde M. , Thomas Michelle L. , Moore James W. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimPostoperative ileus (POI) following surgery results in significant morbidity, drastically increasing hospital costs. As there are no specific Australian data, this study aimed to measure the cost of POI after colorectal surgery in an Australian public hospital.MethodsA cost analysis was performed, for major elective colorectal surgical cases between 2018 and 2021 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. POI was defined as not achieving GI‐2, the validated composite measure, by postoperative day 4. Demographics, length of stay and 30‐day complications were recorded retrospectively. Costings in Australian dollars were collected from comprehensive hospital billing data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOf the 415 patients included, 34.9% (n = 145) developed POI. POI was more prevalent in males, smokers, previous intra‐abdominal surgery, and converted laparoscopic surgery (p < 0.05). POI was associated with increased length of stay (8 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001) and with higher rates of complications such as pneumonia (15.2% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.027). Total cost of inpatient care was 26.4% higher after POI (AU$37,690 vs. AU$29,822, p < 0.001). POI was associated with increased staffing costs, as well as diagnostics, pharmacy, and hospital services. On multivariate analysis POI, elderly patients, stoma formation, large bowel surgery, prolonged theatre time, complications and length of stay were predictive of increased costs (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn Australia, POI is significantly associated with increased complications and higher costs due to prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare resource utilisation. Efforts to reduce POI rates could diminish its morbidity and associated expenses, decreasing the burden on the healthcare system.
Are Rational Numbers Spontaneous? Natural Numbers Suffice all Processing by the Number Sense
Authors: Dimakou Anastasia , Sarubbi Aldo Antonio , Benavides‐Varela Silvia , Rugani Rosa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe presence of preverbal numerical abilities in animals and infants is widely established, but an important discussion remains about which cognitive systems support these abilities. In particular, a great amount of research is dedicated to the approximate number system (ANS) for the elaboration of non‐symbolic numbers and their possible types of mental numeric representations. In a recently published article, Clarke and Beck (2021) provide a series of evidence that supports its existence (ANS) and argue that the mental referents of this system are both natural and rational numbers. In the current commentary, we introduce the notion of the “whole‐entity bias” that permeates perception and cognition and favors an automatic processing of discrete mental magnitudes while hindering the representations of fractional numbers. Further, we argue that a hierarchical structure of the ANS that represents natural numbers and supports the understanding of proportions through a series of computations is a more ecological theorization. To conclude, we believe that such a view is still compatible with the proposal of a single representational system (the ANS) supporting both number kinds but offers a different perspective on the computational level of explanation.
Novel insights into the interaction between N6‐methyladenosine methylation and noncoding RNAs in musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Han Juanjuan , Kong Hui , Wang Xueqiang , Zhang Xin‐an 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorder (MSD) are a class of inflammatory and degener‐ative diseases, but the precise molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays an essential role in the pathophysiological process of MSD. This review summarized the interaction between m6A RNA methylation and ncRNAs in the molecular regulatory mechanism of MSD. It provides a new perspective for the pathophysiological mechanism and ncRNA m6A targeted therapy of MSD.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases was conducted with musculoskeletal disorders, noncoding RNA, N6‐methyladenosine, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis, skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage as the key‐words. Then, summarized all the relevant articles.ResultsIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), osteoporosis (OP), osteosarcoma (OS), and osteoarthritis (OA) are common MSDs that affect muscle, bone, cartilage, and joint, leading to limited movement, pain, and disability. However, the precise pathogenesis remains unclear, and no effective treatment and drug is available at present. Numerous studies confirmed that the mutual regulation between m6A and ncRNAs (i.e., microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs) was found in MSD, m6A modification can regulate ncRNAs, and ncRNAs can also target m6A regulators. ncRNA m6A modification plays an essential role in the pathophysiological process of MSDs by regulating the homeostasis of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage.Conclusionm6A interacts with ncRNAs to regulate multiple biological processes and plays important roles in IDD, OP, OS, and OA. These studies provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of MSD and targeting m6A‐modified ncRNAs may be a promising therapy approach.
The perceived social rejection of sexual minorities: Substance use and unprotected sexual intercourse
Authors: Drydakis Nick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study presents associations between the perceived social rejection of sexual minorities and tobacco, alcohol and cannabis consumption and unprotected sexual intercourse in the capital of Greece, Athens. This is the first Greek study to evaluate the concept of the minority stress theory on sexual minorities' substance use and unprotected sexual intercourse. In addition, this is among the first international studies to examine whether periods of adverse economic conditions are associated with sexual minorities' substance use and unprotected sexual intercourse.MethodsTwo‐panel datasets covering the periods 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 were used to determine the perceived social rejection, that is, whether sexual minorities have been rejected by friends, treated unfairly in educational and/or workplace environments, treated negatively in social situations and received poor health and public services due to their sexuality.ResultsThe estimates indicate that perceived social rejection is associated with the increased consumption of tobacco (by 9.1%, P < 0.01), alcohol (by 7.1%, P < 0.01) and cannabis (by 12.5%, P < 0.01), as well as unprotected sexual intercourse (by 6.5%, P < 0.01). In the first three cases, the magnitude of the associations is stronger for men than women and there is increased cannabis consumption during periods of deteriorated economic conditions (by 5.5%, P < 0.01).Discussion and ConclusionsIn the European Union, reducing stigma, substance use, risky sexual behaviours and health inequalities for sexual minorities is a goal of public health. If minority stress is correlated with substance use and risky sexual behaviours leading to detrimental physical/mental health outcomes then prevention and support interventions should be designed.
Evaluation of inter‐observer variability regarding aortic and mitral valve findings on transesophageal echocardiograms ordered for suspected endocarditis
Authors: Moon Kristina B. , Tattersall Matthew C. , Adoe Maame , Osman Fauzia , Rahko Peter S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard for the detection of valvular vegetations (VV). Differentiating small VV from degenerative changes is challenging and prone to inter‐observer variability. We evaluated inter‐observer agreement regarding aortic (AV) and mitral valve (MV) findings on TEEs ordered for suspected infective endocarditis (IE).MethodsA total of 349 consecutive TEEs were evaluated. Studies were classified as “definite, possible, or no” IE with valve masses classified further by morphology. Nine faculty echocardiographers scored randomly selected TEEs of the AV (N = 38) and MV (N = 35). Inter‐reader variability was calculated using the Fleiss/Scott Kappa (Kf).ResultsPositive blood cultures were present in 81% and 45% had definite IE by the modified Duke criteria. There was moderate reader agreement regarding the presence of a valvular mass for both the AV (Kf = .41, 95% CI [.30–.53]) and MV (Kf = .49, 95% CI [.34–.65]). For diagnosis of IE, there was fair agreement for the AV (Kf = .29, 95% CI [.18–.42]) and moderate agreement for the MV (Kf = .53, 95% CI [.36–.70]). Masses described as large, multi‐lobulated, or pedunculated were more frequently categorized as clinical IE, (p < .006, both valves), however those with filamentous lesions were not (p < .001, both valves).ConclusionsIn a large academic center, the inter‐observer agreement for the presence of a left sided valvular mass was moderate and agreement regarding the final diagnosis of IE was fair to moderate, with better agreement among readers evaluating the MV. Lesion morphology is associated with the clinical diagnosis of IE.
Informal economy and central bank digital currency
Authors: Oh Eun Young , Zhang Shuonan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the association between the informal economy and the adoption of central bank digital currency (CBDC) by end users, namely households and businesses. Our findings suggest that CBDC may not be widely accepted by end users in the presence of a sizable informal economy in which cash is the primary method of payment. CBDC can decrease informality, but this effect becomes weaker in countries with larger informal economies. Tax reduction and CBDC interest rates can be useful tools to promote the adoption and effectiveness of CBDC, leading to a reallocation effect between formal and informal sectors.
Temporal segregation in spawning between native Yellowstone cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout
Authors: Fennell John M. , Rosenthal William C. , Wagner Catherine E. , Burckhardt Jason C. , Walters Annika W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHybridisation with introduced taxa poses a threat to native fish populations. Mechanisms of reproductive isolation can limit or prevent hybridisation between closely related species. Understanding how these mechanisms interact between the same species across geographically distinct occurrences of secondary contact, and how regional factors influence them, can inform our understanding of hybridisation as a threat and management actions to mitigate this threat. We used data collected on adult fish migration timing and approximate emergence timing of subsequent juvenile fish paired with genomic data to assess whether temporal isolation in the timing of spawning exists between Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout and hybrids in the North Fork Shoshone River drainage in northwest Wyoming. We found evidence that Yellowstone cutthroat trout spawn, on average, two to four weeks later than rainbow trout and hybrids and two environmental covariates related to water temperature and discharge were associated with differences in spawning migration timing. Despite statistical support for Yellowstone cutthroat trout spawning later, disproportionately high numbers of rainbow trout and hybrids, paired with extended spawning seasons, lead to substantial overlap between all genotypes. Our results provide further evidence of temporal segregation in the timing of spawning as a mechanism of reproductive isolation between closely related species, but substantial spawning overlap suggests temporal segregation alone will not be enough to curtail hybridisation in conservation populations.
Evolution of first episode psychosis diagnoses and health service use among young Māori and non‐Māori—A New Zealand national cohort study
Authors: Carr Gawen , Cunningham Ruth , Petrović‐van der Deen Frederieke S. , Manuel Jenni , Gibb Sheree , Porter Richard J. , Pitama Suzanne , Crowe Marie , Crengle Sue , Lacey Cameron 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe validity of diagnostic classification in early psychosis has important implications for early intervention; however, it is unknown if previously found disparities between Māori (Indigenous people of New Zealand) and non‐Māori in first episode diagnoses persist over time, or how these differences impact service use.MethodsWe used anonymized routine mental health service data and a previously established cohort of over 2400 13–25‐year‐old youth diagnosed with FEP between 2009 and 2012, to explore differences in diagnostic stability of psychosis diagnoses, comorbid (non‐psychosis) diagnoses, and mental health service contacts between Māori and non‐Māori in the five‐year period following diagnosis.ResultsDifferences in schizophrenia and affective psychosis diagnoses between Māori and non‐Māori were maintained in the five‐year period, with Māori being more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia (51% vs. 35%), and non‐Māori with bipolar disorder (28% vs. 18%). Stability of diagnosis was similar (schizophrenia 75% Māori vs. 67% non‐Maori; bipolar disorder 55% Māori vs. 48% non‐Māori) and those with no stable diagnosis at FEP were most likely to move towards a schizophrenia disorder diagnosis in both groups. Māori had a lower rate of diagnosed co‐morbid affective and anxiety symptoms and higher rates of continued face to face contact and inpatient admission across all diagnoses.ConclusionsIndigenous differences in schizophrenia and affective psychosis diagnoses could be related to differential exposure to socio‐environmental risk or assessor bias. The lower rate of co‐morbid affective and anxiety disorders indicates a potential under‐appreciation of affective symptoms in Māori youth with first episode psychosis.
Seizure underreporting in LGI1 and CASPR2 antibody encephalitis
Authors: Baumgartner Tobias , Pitsch Julika , Olaciregui‐Dague Karmele , Hoppe Christian , Racz Attila , Rüber Theodor , Becker Albert , von Wrede Randi , Surges Rainer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients with anti‐leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 protein (LGI1) or anti‐contactin‐associated protein 2 (CASPR2) antibody encephalitis typically present with frequent epileptic seizures. The seizures generally respond well to immunosuppressive therapy, and the long‐term seizure outcome seems to be favorable. Consequentially, diagnosing acute symptomatic seizures secondary to autoimmune encephalitis instead of autoimmune epilepsy was proposed. However, published data on long‐term seizure outcomes in CASPR2 and LGI1 antibody encephalitis are mostly based on patient reports, and seizure underreporting is a recognized issue. Clinical records from our tertiary epilepsy center were screened retrospectively for patients with LGI1 and CASPR2 antibody encephalitis who reported seizure freedom for at least 3 months and received video‐electroencephalography (EEG) for >24 h at follow‐up visits. Twenty (LGI1, n = 15; CASPR2, n = 5) of 32 patients with LGI1 (n = 24) and CASPR2 (n = 8) antibody encephalitis fulfilled these criteria. We recorded focal aware and impaired awareness seizures in four of these patients (20%) with reported seizure‐free intervals ranging from 3 to 27 months. Our results question the favorable seizure outcome in patients with CASPR2 and LGI1 antibody encephalitis and suggest that the proportion of patients who have persistent seizures may be greater. Our findings underline the importance of prolonged video‐EEG telemetry in this population.