bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of High TDS of Utica Shale on High Viscosity Friction Reducer Performance: Experimental Study
Authors: Biheri Ghith , Elmaleh Khaled , Amoura Ashrf , Imqam Abdulmohsin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In unconventional reservoirs, a novel polyacrylamide called high viscosity friction reducer was utilized throughout the previous decade to transport proppant. The product's advantages included freshwater use reduction, a more than 30 percent reduction in chemical use, and a decrease in the footprint of equipment such as trucks and tanks. Nonetheless, high TDS could limit the effectiveness of HVFR in providing better hydraulic fracturing treatments. This study investigates the impact of Utica's high TDS on HVFR using a flow loop test.
The study investigates the consequences of the following four factors. The effect of TDS using DI water, 10% and 30% of the Utica-produced water concentration. Two pipe sizes (i.e., 1/2 and 3/4) are applied to determine the pipe's loop size. The effect of HVFR concentration on friction reduction utilizing three HVFR concentrations (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2 gpt). The impact of temperature on HVFR and friction reduction using room temperature of 21°C and reservoir temperature of 65.5°C.
The results demonstrate that HVFR provided a significant friction reduction utilizing DI water and at high TDS concentrations where friction reduction exceeds 67% using 10% or 30% of the Utica-produced water concentration. In addition, the result indicated that HVFR was strongly affected by a temperature of 65.5 °C (150 °F), where the friction reduction was around 40%, compared to a room temperature of 21 °C (70 °F), where the friction reduction is almost 70%. Furthermore, the outcomes showed that HVFR prepared with fresh water showed a significant friction reduction at low HVFR concentrations of 0.5 and 1 gpt, where the friction reduction was approximately 60 and 70%, respectively. Increasing the HVFR concentrations to 2 gpt did not improve the friction reduction compared to 1 gpt, where the friction reduction was around 66%.
This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of Utica Shale produced water, fluid concentration, and temperature on the performance of HVFR as fracture fluids by evaluating the friction reduction across a flow loop test.
Spectral Acoustic Logging to Guide the Successful Remediation of Gas Well. Case Study
Authors: Lopez Andrea Cristina , Orlandi Carlos Pedro Rodolfo , Salamanca Maria Eugenia , Perri Luis Sebastian , Volkov Maxim Vyacheslavovich 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The case study presented describes how successive leak detection logging surveys defined, first the remedial workover plan, and subsequently evaluated the results of the different cementing stages in the workover operation, in a well with gas bubbling at surface.
The subject well evidenced gas bubbling in the cellar, right behind the conductor. None of the annuli exhibited sustained pressure. Therefore, the source and path of the leak was unknown. A tool string including passive spectral acoustic and high precision temperature modules was utilised to define both the source and path of the leak. This diagnostics was performed for remedial workover planning. Subsequently, during the remedial workover, additional logging surveys were utilised to evaluate the isolation operations.
As a result, all reservoir contributing zones were located and the leak path was defined. This information enabled a targeted workover plan pinpointing the most suitable zones for cementing stages, which also included three confirmation surveys at the end of each cementing stage to evaluate the isolation achieved. The first two surveys indicated the success of cementing operations. After the completion of all cementing stages, before the last logging run, gas bubbling at surface re-started. The final survey evidenced an acoustic response compatible with the flow of residual gas trapped behind the casing, which was deemed as the possible cause of this bubbling. This scenario of flow of residual gas was confirmed after one month, when gas bubbling at surface ceased, which proved the success of the workover operation.
This diagnostics, conveyed through tubing in a well filled with gas, allowed for the identification of the source and path of a leak taking place entirely behind casing strings, with no communication with the wellbore. It enabled an effective and efficient remedial workover, allowing for targeted workover planning, as well as online evaluation of remedial operations for decision making, which ultimately led to workover objectives being successfully achieved at minimum cost and time.
Optimization of Lead Cement Slurry for Use on Utica Deep Intermediate Casing Strings
Authors: Winegarden Jason Alex , Thomas Tyler Robert , Solomon Marvin Vincent , Townsend Douglas Eric , Algadi Otman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The depth of the Utica formation poses many challenges during drilling operations. In Belmont, Jefferson, and Monroe counties of Ohio, lateral sections are often drilled with mud weights from 13.5 to 15.5 lb/gal. To support these mud weights, the various loss and flow zones encountered above the pay zone must be isolated by a deep intermediate casing. This paper describes the process of optimizing a cement slurry that is light enough to be circulated to surface in a single stage but also has additional properties to ensure that the potential corrosive formations are properly isolated and the casing has long-term protection from damage.
The process compares the properties of four cement slurries in the 12-to-12.5lb/gal density range. Conventional tests were performed on each slurry (thickening time, free fluid, fluid loss, and compressive strength). Linear expansion tests determined whether the slurries would be capable of providing a long-term seal, against both formation and casing, to mitigate gas migration and annular pressure buildup. In addition, the team performed initial permeability tests for each slurry. Single-stage jobs were executed using three of the four newly formulated slurries, and this paper presents the success of those jobs as well.
Application of Machine Learning to Predict the Organic Shale Sweet-Spot Quality Index
Authors: Algarhy Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed Farid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shale plays -- that have challenging characteristics, such as deep formation or a shortage of freshwater needed for hydraulic fracturing -- present a special challenge for determining the feasibility of economic development. A new graphic technique has been developed to visualize and evaluate shale sweet-pots, taking into consideration their characteristic properties and showing them using only a single index: the "Sweet-spot Quality Index" (SSQI). This index reflects the grade and scale of the sweet-spot. SSQI is a function of the rock quality, the hydrocarbon in place, completion, and operation quality.
Data sets were collected from different shale basins including well logging and operation conditions. Well logging data provide a considerable amount of information and data for unconventional reservoirs related to a formation's inplace and geomechanical properties. Moreover, the field operations cost and availability of material and equipment, hydrocarbon prices, and HSE issues are important to define the operation quality. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used to calculate the SSQI for different shale basins in the USA and Africa.
Results showed the capabilities of the ML models to SSQI from input data. The models were used to conduct a sensitivity analysis to rank the effect of different input parameters on the SSQI. The SSQI enables the comparison of sweet-spots and is calculated from four indices: The Reservoir Quality Index (RQI), the Completion Quality Index (CQI), the Conventional Behavior Index (CBI), and the Operation Index (OI).
Calculating the SSQI using different machine learning techniques provides an improved approach to visualization, evaluation, comparison, and recommendations. It lends itself to becoming a standard evaluation technique for both E&P and service companies.
Tectonic deformation of northeastern Taiwan revealed by geomorphic indices
Authors: Yang Chin-Yi , Huang Ting-Wei , Chang Chung-Pai , Hsieh Pei-Shan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn northeast Taiwan, many areas are affected by various tectonic forcings. Some areas appear to have a subsidence tendency, whereas others reflect uplift activities on the surface, due to tectonic northward compressive forcing growth and decline. Owing to the presence of widespread mountain areas, limited geodetic surveys in the field have made data scarce in this area in the past decades. In addition, most upstream streams in northeastern Taiwan originate from the Backbone Range and flow immediately into the ocean. Because of the steep topography, field investigations on land have been restricted, andin situsurveys are usually limited usually by obstruction. Therefore, the long-term landscape evolution of drainage basins can record topographic changes through the river channels. The distribution of the geomorphic indices, which were calculated along the river channels, were used to analyze the activities on a regional scale. In this study, the results of the geomorphic indices were based on the calculation of published digital elevation models by utilizing the function library TopoToolBox2. The geomorphic indices, which include knickpoints and the normalized steepness index (\({K}_{sn}\)), can indicate the unequilibrium state of the river system and can be used as topographic indicators. The magnitude of knickpoints represents the degree of abrupt changes in the river longitudinal profile, and the\({K}_{sn}\) value variation can be used as quantitative index of river topography. The geomorphic indices synthetically suggest that the landscape evolution of the studied drainage basins is influenced by geological structures, tectonic activity, various lithologies and potential surface ruptures.
CARE 1000. Randomized control trial for the evaluation of the effectiveness of a mHealth App for supporting the first 1000 days of life
Authors: Brunelli Laura , Bussolaro Sofia , Cin Margherita Dal , Ronfani Luca , Zanchiello Sara , Cassone Andrea , Verardi Giuseppa , Dobrina Raffaella , Bava Michele , Stampalija Tamara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Recent developments in eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) services, as well as the introduction of information and communication technology innovations in clinical practice, such as telemedicine, telemonitoring, and remote examinations, are already changing the current scenario and will generate further innovations in the coming decades. The widespread adoption of mobile devices, with an estimated nearly 30 billion devices and more than 325,000 apps worldwide, will provide various opportunities to empower people to take charge of their own health. Already in 2017, most of the apps available were focused on pregnancy support, more than any other medical area. There have been some reported experiences with social media and mHealth that could benefit the promotion of maternal physical and mental health promotion during pregnancy. Yet, many apps targeting the first 1000 days of a child’s life do not consider the continuity between the prenatal and postnatal periods and their joint impact on maternal and child health.
Methods: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the mHealth App effectiveness for the support of women during the first 1000 days (from conception through age 24 months) and for improving health prevention behaviors such as vaccination during pregnancy, weight increment during pregnancy, abstinence from smoke and alcohol consumption habits, adherence to child routine vaccination schedule. In addition, the study aims to understand the level of appreciation of this mHealth App as a tool to overcome information and communication gaps between patients and institution.
Discussion: Our findings will be relevant to improve this mHealth App to promote health and prevention, and to support the first 1000 days of life in a maternal and child health hospital. Our findings will be relevant to future scale up of such mHealth App to promote patient’s positive health related outcomes, and co-user’s satisfaction along with health services organizational benefits.
Trial registration: Trial identifier: NCT05500339; registry name: ClinicalTrials.gov
The effectiveness of intrauterine antibiotic infusion vs oral antibiotic therapy in the treatment of Chronic Endometritis in patients during IVF (in vitro fertilization) procedures
Authors: Luncan Mihai , Huniadi Anca , Bimbo-Szuhai Erika , Botea Mihai , Zaha Ioana , Stefan Liana , Beiusanu Corina , Pallag Annamaria , Bodog Alin , Pop Laurean Ovidiu , Sandor Mircea Ioan , Romanescu Dana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic Endometritis (CE) is a subtle pathology, likely infectious in most cases, with a negative impact on the female fertility, but often overlooked even among fertility specialists. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the predominant infectious nature of CE and to find the best therapeutic option by comparing the results of oral antibiotic therapy versus intrauterine antibiotic infusion in patients with CE undergoing IVF procedures. The objective was to compare the cure rate of CE – defined as the percentage of patients without CE at the test of cure, between the two groups and, the hysteroscopic aspect with the positive CD 138 staining.
Methods: This was a prospective, case – control study that took place in a single university fertility clinic, in Oradea, Romania and included 57 patients with CE divided into 2 groups: orally administered antibiotics group who received a combination of antibiotics compared to intrauterine infusion group who received intrauterine infusion of antibiotic. Chronic Endometritis was diagnosed through hysteroscopy and immunohistochemistry for CD 138. Patients in both groups were tested for CE twice to evaluate the cure rate after oral combination antibiotic therapy versus intrauterine infusion of antibiotic.
Results: Out of 115 patients with endometrial biopsies 57 tested positive for CE, with a 49.6% chronic endometritis prevalence. Among the group that was administered oral antibiotics, 11 patients (45.83%) experienced CE resolution after triple antibiotic therapy. Of the intrauterine infusion group, 25 patients (89.29%) presented negative results (p 0,0020). The normal hysteroscopic aspect had a similar prevalence in the patients with immunohistochemical positive and negative CD 138.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of intrauterine antibiotic infusion over the use of oral combination antibiotic therapy for CE cure.
Trial Registration: ISRCTN17542620 / 14.09.2022
The Long-run Effects Of COVID-19 Vaccines on Health Outcomes of Elders: Panel-data Evidence from U.S. Census
Authors: Subramanian Rishabh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We use census data at the U.S. county-level to provide causal evidence of the long-term health benefits of COVID-19 vaccines for elderly vis-à-vis younger adults. We use triple-difference estimates that control for all variation at the level of each (county, time) pair to exploit variation across age groups within each such pair. We also undertake difference-in-difference tests exploiting quasi-random variation in vaccination across counties over time separately for elderly and younger adults. A one standard deviation increase in vaccination decreases deaths per million one year later by 9 for the elderly and 1.9 for the younger adults. Similarly, for ICU admissions and hospitalizations per million, the long-term effects are disproportionately larger for elderly than for younger adults. In contrast, for cases per million, the long-term effect on elderly is about half that on younger adults. Such long-term effects of two doses cannot be attributed to the booster dose now.
Neuroinflammation and Neovascularization in diabetic eye diseases (DEDs): Identification of potential pharmacotherapeutic targets
Authors: Panda Siva Prasad , Reddy P Hemachandra , Gorla Uma Sankar , Prasanth DSNBK 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The goal of this review is to increase public knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of diabetic eye diseases (DEDs), such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and ocular angiosarcoma (ASO), and the likelihood of blindness among elderly widows. A widow's life in North India, in general, is fraught with peril because of the economic and social isolation it brings, as well as the increased risk of death from heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and dementia. Neovascularization, neuroinflammation, and edema in the ocular tissue are hallmarks of the ASO, a rare form of malignant tumor. When diabetes, hypertension, and aging all contribute to increased oxidative stress, the DR can proceed to ASO. Microglia in the retina of the optic nerve head are responsible for causing inflammation, discomfort, and neurodegeneration. Those that come into contact with them will get blind as a result of this. Advanced glycation end products (AGE), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), protein kinase C (PKC), poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), nuclear factor kappaB (NFkB), program death ligand1 (PDL-1), factor VIII (FVIII), and von Willebrand factor (VWF) are potent agents for neovascularisation (NV), neuroinflammation and edema in the ocular tissue. AGE/VEGF, DAG/PKC, PARP/NFkB, RAS/VEGF, PDL-1/PD-1, VWF/FVIII/VEGF, and RAS/VEGF are all linked to the pathophysiology of DEDs. The interaction between NV and ASO is mostly determined by the VWF/FVIII/VEGF and PDL-1 /PD-1 axis. This study focused on retinoprotective medications that can pass the blood-retinal barrier and cure DEDs, as well as the factors that influence the etiology of neovascularization and neuroinflammation in the eye.
A Study of Corporate Governance in Public and Private Sector Banks in India
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY DEBALINA 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Corporate governance has been the most discussed topic among economists and administrators for more than two decades now. It is said to increase fairness in decision making, transparency in practices and procedures and thereby engender better performance of responsibilities, proper risk management and effective accountability. The developed nations were the first to embrace this system of governance. Indian firms adopted it a little later. However, currently there is no organization which has not been affected by the principles of corporate governance. Although a few government departments are still on their path to fully implement it, most of the Indian firms, PSUs and institutions are already experienced enough to experiment with different forms of corporate governance. In this paper, we will discuss the successes and failures of four large public and private sector banks in India, i.e. State Bank of India (SBI), Punjab National Bank (PNB), HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank, in their pursuit to institutionalize corporate governance. We will see which strategies worked for them and which did not. We will also provide some way forward to overcome the issues.
Associations between bone material strength index and FRAX scores
Authors: Rufus-Membere Pamela , Anderson Kara A , Holloway-Kew Kara L , Kotowicz Mark A , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Pasco Julie A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Impact microindentation (IMI) measures bone material strength index (BMSi) in vivo. However, its ability to predict fractures is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between BMSi and 10-year fracture probability, as calculated by the FRAX algorithm. BMSi was measured using the OsteoProbe in 390 men (ages 40-90yr) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. The probabilities for a major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF) were calculated using the Australian FRAX tool. Fracture probabilities were computed with and without the inclusion of femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). For each participant, four 10-year probability scores were therefore generated: (i)HF-FRAXnoBMD; (ii)HF-FRAXBMD; (iii)MOF-FRAXnoBMD; (iv)MOF-FRAXBMD. BMSi was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.114, p = 0.025), no associations were detected between BMSi and femoral neck BMD (r = +0.035, p=0.507). BMSi was negatively correlated with HF-FRAXnoBMD (r = -0.135, p=0.008) and MOF-FRAXnoBMD (r = -0.153, p=0.003).
This relationship tended to be weaker with the inclusion of femoral neck BMD; HF-FRAXBMD (r =-0.087, p=0.094); MOF-FRAXBMD (r = -0.111, p=0.034). BMSi captures the cumulative effect of clinical risk factors in the FRAX algorithm, suggesting that it could provide additional information that may be useful in predicting risk of fractures.
Accuracy of 10 IOL power calculation formulas in 100 short eyes (≤22 mm)
Authors: Vilaltella Magí , Cid-Bertomeu Pau , Huerva Valentín 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
to assess and compare the accuracy of 10 intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas after cataract surgery in eyes with an axial length (AL) shorter than or equal to 22.00 mm.
METHODS
a retrospective case series included 100 eyes with an AL ≤ 22.00 mm that underwent uneventful cataract surgery. The refractive prediction error (PE) was calculated using 10 different IOL power calculation formulas: Barrett Universal II, EVO 2.0, Haigis, Hill RBF 2.0, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1 and 2, Kane, SRK/T and SuperLadas. The mean absolute prediction error (MAE ± SD) and median absolute prediction error (MedAE ± SD) were calculated after adjusting the mean prediction error (ME) to 0.
RESULTS
EVO 2.0 and Kane obtained both the lowest MAE after adjusting the ME to 0 (0.386). Differences in MAE among the different formulas were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Hoffer Q obtained the lowest MedAE (0.292 D) after adjusting the ME to 0, followed very closely by EVO 2.0 (0.298 D) and Kane (0.300 D).
CONCLUSIONS
our study reflects a tendency of the EVO 2.0 formula and the Kane formula along with the older Hoffer Q formula, to predict more accurately the refractive outcomes in short eyes that undergo cataract phacoemulsification surgery compared to the other formulas, despite this difference could not be statistically proved.
On the two-dimensional nonstationary Prandtl boundary layer system of symmetric incompressible flow
Authors: Zhan Huashui 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A new kind of BV entropy solution matching up with the degenerate parabolic equation arising from the two-dimensional Prandtl boundary layer system is introduced. By means of Kruzkov’s bi-variables method, the stability of entropy solutions is proved without any boundary value condition provided that there are some restrictions on the coefficients of the system. For some domains which is regular in a special sense, by the inverse transformation of the Crocco transformation, the two-dimensional Prandtl boundary layer system is well-posedness.
2010 MSC: 35K55; 35R35; 49K40.