bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uric Acid Expression in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque and Serum Uric Acid Are Associated With Cerebrovascular Events
Authors: Nardi Valentina , Franchi Federico , Prasad Megha , Fatica Erica M. , Alexander Mariam P. , Bois Melanie C. , Lam Josephine , Singh Ravinder J. , Meyer Fredric B. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Xiong Yuning , Lutgens Esther , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Uric acid (UA) concentration within carotid plaque and its association with cerebrovascular events have not been detected or quantified. Systemically, serum UA is a marker of inflammation and risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, its association with carotid plaque instability and stroke pathogenesis remains unclear. In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, we aimed to determine whether UA is present differentially in symptomatic versus asymptomatic carotid plaques and whether serum UA is associated with cerebrovascular symptoms (stroke, transient ischemic attack, or amaurosis fugax).

Methods:
Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were collected during carotid endarterectomy. The presence of UA was assessed using Gomori methenamine silver staining as well as anti-UA immunohistochemical staining and its quantity measured using an enzymatic colorimetric assay. Clinical information was obtained through a retrospective review of data.

Results:

UA was more commonly detected in symptomatic (n=23) compared with asymptomatic (n=9) carotid plaques by Gomori methenamine silver (20 [86.9%] versus 2 [22.2%];
P
=0.001) and anti-UA immunohistochemistry (16 [69.5%] versus 1 [11.1%];
P
=0.004). UA concentration was higher in symptomatic rather than asymptomatic plaques (25.1 [9.5] versus 17.9 [3.8] µg/g;
P
=0.021). Before carotid endarterectomy, serum UA levels were higher in symptomatic (n=341) compared with asymptomatic (n=146) patients (5.9 [interquartile range, 4.6–6.9] mg/dL versus 5.2 [interquartile range, 4.6–6.2] mg/dL;
P
=0.009).

Conclusions:
The current study supports a potential role of UA as a potential tissue participant and a systemic biomarker in the pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerosis. UA may provide a mechanistic explanation for plaque instability and subsequent ischemic cerebrovascular events.
Control of Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Elderly Chinese: A Real-World Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Anxin , Tian Xue , Zuo Yingting , Chen Shuohua , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Xiaoli , Deng Xuan , Xu Qin , Wang Penglian , Wu Shouling , Zhou Yong 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The STEP trial (Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients) showed that older hypertensive patients might benefit from a target systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 110 to <130 mm Hg. We examined whether this target SBP is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality among elderly Chinese in real-world settings.

Methods:
This prospective study included 13 383 CVD-free participants aged 60 to 80 years and with SBP within 110 to <150 mm Hg at baseline. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of CVD and all-cause mortality associated with normalized SBP (110 to <130 mm Hg).

Results:
During a median follow-up of 13.01 years, we identified 1727 cases of CVD and 3742 deaths. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, compared with non-normalized SBP, normalized SBP was associated with a decreased risk of CVD (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.76–0.87]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.85–0.93]). Beneficial effects of longitudinal normalized SBP presented by the updated mean SBP were also observed for CVD (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78–0.93]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88–0.97]). Multiple sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusions:
The SBP target of 110 to <130 mm Hg recommended by the STEP trial was associated a lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality than was SBP of 130 to <150 mm Hg among elderly Chinese in real-world settings.
Candidate Plasma Biomarkers to Detect Anthracycline‐Related Cardiomyopathy in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Case Control Study in the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Leerink Jan M. , Feijen Elizabeth A. M. , Moerland Perry D. , de Baat Esmee C. , Merkx Remy , van der Pal Helena J. H. , Tissing Wim J. E. , Louwerens Marloes , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Versluys A. Birgitta , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Sammani Arjan , Teske Arco J. , van Dalen Elvira C. , van der Heiden‐van der Loo Margriet , van Dulmen‐den Broeder Eline , de Vries Andrica C. H. , Kapusta Livia , Loonen Jacqueline , Pinto Yigal M. , Kremer Leontien C. M. , Mavinkurve‐Groothuis Annelies M. C. , Kok Wouter E. M. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Plasma biomarkers may aid in the detection of anthracycline‐related cardiomyopathy (ACMP). However, the currently available biomarkers have limited diagnostic value in long‐term childhood cancer survivors. This study sought to identify diagnostic plasma biomarkers for ACMP in childhood cancer survivors.

Methods and Results

We measured 275 plasma proteins in 28 ACMP cases with left ventricular ejection fraction <45%, 29 anthracycline‐treated controls with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥53% matched on sex, time after cancer, and anthracycline dose, and 29 patients with genetically determined dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction <45%. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify differentially expressed proteins. Elastic net model, including clinical characteristics, was used to assess discrimination of proteins diagnostic for ACMP. NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) and the inflammatory markers CCL19 (C‐C motif chemokine ligands 19) and CCL20, PSPD (pulmonary surfactant protein‐D), and PTN (pleiotrophin) were significantly upregulated in ACMP compared with controls. An elastic net model selected 45 proteins, including NT‐proBNP, CCL19, CCL20 and PSPD, but not PTN, that discriminated ACMP cases from controls with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78. This model was not superior to a model including NT‐proBNP and clinical characteristics (AUC=0.75;
P
=0.766). However, when excluding 8 ACMP cases with heart failure, the full model was superior to that including only NT‐proBNP and clinical characteristics (AUC=0.75 versus AUC=0.50;
P
=0.022). The same 45 proteins also showed good discrimination between dilated cardiomyopathy and controls (AUC=0.89), underscoring their association with cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions
We identified 3 specific inflammatory proteins as candidate plasma biomarkers for ACMP in long‐term childhood cancer survivors and demonstrated protein overlap with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Preclinical Aortic Atherosclerosis in Adolescents With Chronic Disease
Authors: Ververs Francesca A. , Eikendal Anouk L. M. , Kofink Daniel , Nuboer Roos , Westenberg Jos J. M. , Hovenkamp Gijs T. , Kemps Jitske J.A. , Coenen Iris C. J. , Daems Joëlle J. N. , Claus Laura R. , Ju Yillie , Wulffraat Nico M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Monaco Claudia , Boes Marianne , Leiner Tim , Grotenhuis Heynric B. , Schipper Henk S. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Adolescents with chronic disease are often exposed to inflammatory, metabolic, and hemodynamic risk factors for early atherosclerosis. Since postmortem studies have shown that atherogenesis starts in the aorta, the CDACD (Cardiovascular Disease in Adolescents with Chronic Disease) study investigated preclinical aortic atherosclerosis in these adolescents.

Methods and Results

The cross‐sectional CDACD study enrolled 114 adolescents 12 to 18 years old with chronic disorders including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cystic fibrosis, obesity, corrected coarctation of the aorta, and healthy controls with a corrected atrial septal defect. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance was used to assess aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic wall thickness, as established aortic measures of preclinical atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance showed a higher aortic pulse wave velocity, which reflects aortic stiffness, and higher aortic wall thickness in all adolescent chronic disease groups, compared with controls (
P
<0.05). Age (β=0.253), heart rate (β=0.236), systolic blood pressure (β=−0.264), and diastolic blood pressure (β=0.365) were identified as significant predictors for aortic pulse wave velocity, using multivariable linear regression analysis. Aortic wall thickness was predicted by body mass index (β=0.248) and fasting glucose (β=0.242), next to aortic lumen area (β=0.340). Carotid intima‐media thickness was assessed using ultrasonography, and was only higher in adolescents with coarctation of the aorta, compared with controls (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Adolescents with chronic disease showed enhanced aortic stiffness and wall thickness compared with controls. The enhanced aortic pulse wave velocity and aortic wall thickness in adolescents with chronic disease could indicate accelerated atherogenesis. Our findings underscore the importance of the aorta for assessment of early atherosclerosis, and the need for tailored cardiovascular follow‐up of children with chronic disease.
Left Ventricular Strain Analysis During Submaximal Semisupine Bicycle Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: von Scheidt Fabian , Pleyer Christine , Kiesler Verena , Bride Peter , Bartholomae Stephan , Krämer Johannes , Kaestner Michael , Apitz Christian 
Published: July 2022

Background
Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) show relevant cardiac morbidity and mortality throughout life. Early detection is key for optimal support of patients at risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography strain analysis during semisupine exercise stress in CCSs for detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction after cancer treatment.

Methods and Results

Seventy‐seven CCSs ≥1‐year postchemotherapy were prospectively examined at rest, low, and submaximal stress level and compared with a cohort of healthy adolescents and young adults (n=50). Global longitudinal strain (GLS), short axis circumferential strain, and corresponding strain rates were analyzed using vendor‐independent software. CCSs at median 7.8 years postchemotherapy showed comparable left ventricular GLS, circumferential strain, and strain rate values at all stress stages to healthy controls. Yet, prevalence of abnormal GLS (defined as <2 SD of controls reference) in CCSs was 1.3% at rest, 2.7% at low, and 8.6% at submaximal stress. In CCSs, relative change of circumferential strain from rest to submaximal stress was lower than in healthy controls, median 16.9 (interquartile range [IQR], 3.4; 28.8) % versus 23.3 (IQR, 11.3; 33.3) %,
P
=0.03, most apparent in the subgroups of CCSs after high‐dose anthracycline treatment and cancer diagnosis before the age of 5 years.

Conclusions
In this prospective 2‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography strain study, prevalence of abnormal left ventricular GLS increased with stress level reflecting impaired cardiac adaptation to exercise stress in some CCSs. However, relatively early after last chemotherapy, this did not result in significant differences of mean GLS‐, circumferential strain‐, and strain rate values between CCSs and controls at any stress level.
Cost-Effectiveness of Mobile Stroke Unit Care in Norway
Authors: Lund Ulrikke Højslev , Stoinska-Schneider Anna , Larsen Karianne , Bache Kristi G. , Robberstad Bjarne 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Acute ischemic stroke treatment in mobile stroke units (MSUs) reduces time-to-treatment and increases thrombolytic rates, but implementation requires substantial investments. We wanted to explore the cost-effectiveness of MSU care incorporating novel efficacy data from the Norwegian MSU study, Treat-NASPP (the Norwegian Acute Stroke Prehospital Project).

Methods:
We developed a Markov model linking improvements in time-to-treatment and thrombolytic rates delivered by treatment in an MSU to functional outcomes for the patients in a lifetime perspective. We estimated incremental costs, health benefits, and cost-effectiveness of MSU care as compared with conventional care. In addition, we estimated a minimal MSU utilization level for the intervention to be cost-effective in the publicly funded health care system in Norway.

Results:
MSU care was associated with an expected quality-adjusted life-year-gain of 0.065 per patient, compared with standard care. Our analysis suggests that about 260 patients with ischemic stroke need to be treated with MSU annually to result in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of about NOK385 000 (US$43 780) per quality-adjusted life-year for MSU compared with standard care. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio varies between some NOK1 000 000 (US$113 700) per quality-adjusted life-year if an MSU treats 100 patients per year and to about NOK340 000 (US$38 660) per quality-adjusted life-year if 300 patients with acute ischemic stroke are treated.

Conclusions:
MSU care in Norwegian settings is potentially cost-effective compared with conventional care, but this depends on a relatively high annual number of treated patients with acute ischemic stroke per vehicle. These results provide important information for MSU implementation in government-funded health care systems.
Girolamo Cardano’s Meteorological Predictions: Hippocratism, Weather Signs, Winds, and the Limits of Astrology
Authors: Martin Craig 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe subject of meteorology was central to Girolamo Cardano’s thought. It held together his encyclopedism by tying the celestial realm to the sublunary world and human action. Meteorology, for Cardano, links abstract knowledge to the practical and operative. While many of his Aristotelian predecessors understood weather prediction as distinct from meteorology as a natural philosophical field, Cardano’s profound interest in conjectural arts and probabilistic reasoning led him to tie causal explanations to methods of forecasting future conditions of the air and their effects on humans, especially regarding health and disease. While it might be expected that Cardano would have emphasized astrological tools for weather forecasting, instead he went in a different direction, namely, embracing the ancient tradition of weather signs and revising Aristotelian theories of winds. At the end of his career, which he mostly spent writing commentaries on Hippocratic writings, he integrated his understanding of weather signs with Hippocratic rules of prognosis, revising traditional understandings of the causes of winds.
“Trust No One But Yourself”: William Gilbert’s Use of Experiment and Rejection of Authority, Reconsidered
Authors: Luggin Johanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the most important components of early modern science was the experiment. Advocates of the “new sciences” used experiments as indisputable evidence in controversies with their opponents and as powerful arguments against authoritative texts. Among the first early modern scientific works to systematically and successfully use experiments as parts of the central argumentation is William Gilbert’s treatise De magnete (1600), in which the author sought to present a completely new theory of magnetism as an explanation of phenomena on earth as well as of the movements of heavenly bodies. Gilbert goes to great lengths to persuade his readers of the innovation of his nova et inaudita physiologia. For this, however, it did not suffice to present a startling number of experiments and advocate empirical investigation. This contribution will shed light on the surprising literary and rhetorical tools employed in the De magnete in questions of authority, which aided Gilbert in presenting his powerful and highly successful “New Physiology.”
Constructing Authority in the Paratext: The Poems to Johannes Hevelius’ Selenographia
Authors: Tautschnig Irina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
When Johannes Hevelius’ Selenographia, sive Lunae descriptio (Selenography, or A Description of The Moon) was printed in 1647, its rich paratext featured a portrait epigram and a collection of nine Neo-Latin poems praising the first book of the Danzig (Gdańsk) astronomer. The present article examines these ten poems as a place where Hevelius’ authority as an author and astronomer is being constructed, focusing on the fictionalized and fictional relationships between Hevelius and other authorities depicted in the text. In a sort of kaleidoscope, the poems relate Hevelius to prominent astronomers like Galileo and Copernicus, to Columbus, the paragon of the discoverer, to figures from ancient myth, and even, in the form of anagrams, to his own name. Moreover, they highlight Hevelius’ personal qualities as an astronomer, as a member of the realm of literature, and as a citizen of Danzig. The image of the author that emerges from the poems asserts Hevelius’ place in the public space of literature and fashions him into an authoritative figure at the threshold of his text.
The effector MJ-10A08 of Meloidogyne javanica is required for parasitism that suppressed programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Hu Lili , Lin Borong , Chen Jiansong , Song Handa , Zhuo Kan , Liao Jinling 
Published: July 2022

Summary
Effectors synthesised in the pharyngeal glands are important in the successful invasion of root-knot nematodes. Meloidogyne javanica is among the nematodes that cause the most damage to various crops. In this study, an effector named MJ-10A08 of M. javanica was identified and investigated. Mj-10A08 was exclusively expressed in the dorsal pharyngeal gland cell and highly expressed in the parasitic second-juvenile stage of M. javanica. Transgenic tobaccos that over-expressed Mj-10A08 were more susceptible to M. javanica; however, host delivered RNAi of Mj-10A08 in tobacco significantly decreased the expression level of Mj-10A08 and the infection efficiency of M. javanica. Transient expression in tobacco leaves demonstrated that MJ-10A08 suppressed programmed cell death caused by BAX and Gpa2/RBP-1. Our results indicated that MJ-10A08 is implicated in the suppression of plant defence response during nematode infection and plays an important role in the parasitism of M. javanica.
Three new Hymedesmia Bowerbank, 1864 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Hymedesmiidae) from the Southeast Pacific (Peru and Chile)
Authors: SALANI SULA , WILLENZ PHILIPPE , FERNANDEZ JULIO C.C. , HAJDU EDUARDO 
Published: July 2022

Despite its 2000 km long shoreline, to date less than 50 sponge species have been reported from the entire Peruvian coast. A large collecting effort targeting marine sponges was undertaken between 2007 and 2009, yielding a comprehensive collection of nearly 900 samples, whose taxonomic study is underway. Three new species of Hymedesmiidae are presently described from the Peruvian coast, all belonging in Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia), one of which also found in Chile. Hymedesmia (H.) santarositae sp. nov., from Isla Santa Rosa (Paracas), is characterized by the presence of microstrongyles next to sigmas. Hymedesmia (H.) peruana sp. nov., from Isla Foca (Piura), is diagnosed by its three categories of acanthostyles, and single categories of tornotes and arcuate isochelae. Hymedesmia (H.) humboldti sp. nov., from Moquega and Arequipa regions in Peru, and Antofagasta and Atacama regions in Chile, is diagnosed by its two categories of acanthostyles, and single categories of (aniso)strongyles and arcuate isochelae, the latter abundant at the surface. An identification key for Hymedesmia spp. from the South-eastern Pacific, South-western Atlantic, the Sub-Antarctic and the Antarctic is provided.
Influence of Vegetation on Simulation of the Water Balance and Hydrological Response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Western Tropical South America
Authors: Recalde-Coronel G. Cristina , Zaitchik Benjamin , Pan William , Getirana Augusto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Land surface models (LSMs) rely on vegetation parameters for use in hydrological and energy balance analysis, monitoring, and forecasting. This study examines the influence that vegetation representation in the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) LSM has on hydrological simulations across the diverse climate zones of western tropical South America (WTSA), with specific consideration of hydrological variability associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The influence of model representation of vegetation on simulated hydrology is evaluated through three simulation experiments that use 1) satellite-derived constant MODIS; 2) satellite-derived time-varying MODIS; and 3) the Noah-MP dynamic leaf model. We find substantial differences in vegetation fields between these simulations, with the Noah-MP dynamic leaf model diverging significantly from satellite-derived vegetation fields in many ecoregions. Impacts on simulated hydrology were, however, found to be modest across climate zones, except for select extreme events. Also, although impacts on hydrology under ENSO-induced variability were small, we find that the Noah-MP dynamic leaf model simulates a positive relationship between rainfall and vegetation in humid ecoregions of WTSA, where satellite observations may indicate the opposite. The relatively small sensitivity of simulated hydrology to vegetation scheme suggests that the performance of hydrological monitoring and forecasting in WTSA that uses Noah-MP is largely unaffected by the choice of vegetation scheme, such that using a simple climatological default is generally no worse than adopting more complicated options. The presence of some differences between the time-varying and constant MODIS simulations for hydrologic extremes, however, indicates that time-varying MODIS configuration might be more suitable for hydrological hazards applications.
Effectiveness of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for improving the care knowledge, skill, and sense of competence in mothers of preterm infants
Authors: Li Shaoli , Liu Shufang , Zhang Xinchun , Chen Yali , Ren Xiaohong 
Published: July 2022

Objective This quasi-randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effects of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model (PPM) in enabling mothers of preterm infants to develop care knowledge, skill, and a sense of competence. Methods Among 116 mothers of preterm infants, 60 received traditional discharge education (control group) and 56 received PPM discharge education (PPM group). Improvement in knowledge and skills was transformed into the mothers’ routine daily care of infants. The primary outcome was knowledge of preterm infant care. The secondary outcomes were preterm infant care skills and a sense of competence, routine intervention compliance among mothers, and the readmission rate of infants 6 months after discharge. Results Six months after discharge, the mean knowledge score and mean skills score were significantly higher in the PPM group than in the control group. The mothers’ sense of competence with respect to both self-efficacy and satisfaction was also significantly better in the PPM group than in the control group. Moreover, intervention behavior compliance and the readmission rate were significantly better in the PPM group than in the control group. Conclusion Care knowledge, skills, and sense of competence in mothers of preterm infants improved after implementation of the PPM.