bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the systematics of the family Ophryoscolecidae (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida)
Authors: Cedrola Franciane , Senra Marcus Vinicius Xavier , Fregulia Priscila , D’Agosto Marta , Dias Roberto Júnio Pedroso 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe family Ophryoscolecidae currently comprises 225 species of trichostomatid ciliates, subdivided into three subfamilies (Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae, and Ophryoscolecinae). The last taxonomic review of the family was performed 55 years ago, but recent morphological and molecular studies indicate the need for a profound review of the systematics of this taxon, since its current taxonomy is insufficient to organize the diversity of the group. Here, we briefly review the systematics of the family Ophryoscolecidae based on information recovered from the literature and new morphological and molecular data. We add four new 18S rDNA sequences of ophryoscolecids to molecular databases, which contributed to improving the comprehension of intrafamily relationships within this group. Finally, we discuss some systematic problems and suggest approaches to resolve such inconsistencies in the future.
Why breast cancer patients avoid communicating disease‐related information to their dependent children: A qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Gong Ni , Li Na , Zhang Yiheng , Du Qianqian , Zou Wenjie , Chen Jing , Zheng Junyi , Zhang Meifen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesThis qualitative study explores why breast cancer patients do not share disease‐related information with their dependent children.Background‘Open’ communication between breast cancer patients and their children is beneficial to both. However, some still try to avoid discussing their diagnosis and related information with their children. Some worries lie in communicating with dependent children, but the underlying cause remains unclear.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsSemi‐structured interview was used in this study. Twenty breast cancer patients with children (aged 8–18 years) were recruited at two urban tertiary hospitals in mainland China. Qualitative content analysis was conducted to analyse and identify themes and subthemes. This study followed the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) Uncertainty about the future: Their struggles with cancer remain a sensitive subject with their children. They described the uncertainty surrounding their disease prognosis and their children's response. They were also unsure whether, when and how to inform their children of their conditions; (2) Useless and risky for their children to know the truth: They considered it useless because their children can neither understand nor change the existing facts. They were concerned that it could affect their children's emotional state, character and academic performance; and (3) All for their children's sake: They were willing to take care of their affairs without troubling their dependent children as much as possible.ConclusionMost mothers delayed communicating disease‐related information to their dependent children. However, they often underestimated children's abilities and ignored their thoughts and wishes. Motherhood leads to avoidance and concealment in discussing health issues with their children.Relevance to clinical practiceMothers should try to understand their children's views towards cancer earlier. Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, should provide further consultation and intervention services to assist mothers and their children.
The potential of DNA methylation as a biomarker for obesity and smoking
Authors: Heikkinen Aino , Bollepalli Sailalitha , Ollikainen Miina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that has consistently been shown to be linked with a variety of human traits and diseases. Because DNA methylation is dynamic and potentially reversible in nature and can reflect environmental exposures and predict the onset of diseases, it has piqued interest as a potential disease biomarker. DNA methylation patterns are more stable than transcriptomic or proteomic patterns, and they are relatively easy to measure to track exposure to different environments and risk factors. Importantly, technologies for DNA methylation quantification have become increasingly cost effective—accelerating new research in the field—and have enabled the development of novel DNA methylation biomarkers. Quite a few DNA methylation‐based predictors for a number of traits and diseases already exist. Such predictors show potential for being more accurate than self‐reported or measured phenotypes (such as smoking behavior and body mass index) and may even hold potential for applications in clinics.In this review, we will first discuss the advantages and challenges of DNA methylation biomarkers in general. We will then review the current state and future potential of DNA methylation biomarkers in two human traits that show rather consistent alterations in methylome—obesity and smoking. Lastly, we will briefly speculate about the future prospects of DNA methylation biomarkers, and possible ways to achieve them.
Role of the duodenal microbiota in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Brown Georgia , Hoedt Emily C. , Keely Simon , Shah Ayesha , Walker Marjorie M. , Holtmann Gerald , Talley Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a common and debilitating gastrointestinal disorder attributed to altered gut‐brain interactions. While the etiology of FD remains unknown, emerging research suggests the mechanisms are likely multifactorial and heterogenous among patient subgroups. Small bowel motor disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, chronic microinflammation, and increased intestinal tract permeability have all been linked to the pathogenesis of FD. Recently, alterations to the gut microbiome have also been implicated to play an important role in the disease. Changes to the duodenal microbiota may either trigger or be a consequence of immune and neuronal disturbances observed in the disease, but the mechanisms of influence of small intestinal flora on gastrointestinal function and symptomatology are unknown.PurposeThis review summarizes and synthesizes the literature on the link between the microbiota, low‐grade inflammatory changes in the duodenum and FD. This review is not intended to provide a complete overview of FD or the small intestinal microbiota, but instead outline some of the key conceptual advances in understanding the interactions between altered gastrointestinal bacterial communities; dietary factors; host immune activation; and stimulation of the gut–brain axes in patients with FD versus controls. Current and emerging treatment approaches such as dietary interventions and antibiotic or probiotic use that have demonstrated symptom benefits for patients are reviewed, and their role in modulating the host–microbiota is discussed. Finally, suggested opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic improvements for patients with this condition are presented.
Admixture of divergent genomes facilitates hybridization across species in the family Brassicaceae
Authors: Shin Hosub , Park Jeong Eun , Park Hye Rang , Choi Woo Lee , Yu Seung Hwa , Koh Wonjun , Kim Seungill , Soh Hye Yeon , Waminal Nomar Espinosa , Belandres Hadassah Roa , Lim Joo Young , Yi Gibum , Ahn Jong Hwa , Kim June‐Sik , Kim Yong‐Min , Koo Namjin , Kim Kyunghee , Perumal Sampath , Kang Taegu , Kim Junghyo , Jang Hosung , Kang Dong Hyun , Kim Ye Seul , Jeong Hyeon‐Min , Yang Junwoo , Song Somin , Park Suhyoung , Kim Jin A. , Lim Yong Pyo , Park Beom‐Seok , Hsieh Tzung‐Fu , Yang Tae‐Jin , Choi Doil , Kim Hyun Hee , Lee Soo‐Seong , Huh Jin Hoe 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Hybridization and polyploidization are pivotal to plant evolution. Genetic crosses between distantly related species are rare in nature due to reproductive barriers but how such hurdles can be overcome is largely unknown. Here we report the hybrid genome structure of xBrassicoraphanus, a synthetic allotetraploid of Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus.

We performed cytogenetic analysis and de novo genome assembly to examine chromosome behaviors and genome integrity in the hybrid. Transcriptome analysis was conducted to investigate expression of duplicated genes in conjunction with epigenome analysis to address whether genome admixture entails epigenetic reconfiguration.

Allotetraploid xBrassicoraphanus retains both parental chromosomes without genome rearrangement. Meiotic synapsis formation and chromosome exchange are avoided between nonhomologous progenitor chromosomes. Reconfiguration of transcription network occurs, and less divergent cis‐elements of duplicated genes are associated with convergent expression. Genome‐wide DNA methylation asymmetry between progenitors is largely maintained but, notably, B. rapa‐originated transposable elements are transcriptionally silenced in xBrassicoraphanus through gain of DNA methylation.

Our results demonstrate that hybrid genome stabilization and transcription compatibility necessitate epigenome landscape adjustment and rewiring of cis–trans interactions. Overall, this study suggests that a certain extent of genome divergence facilitates hybridization across species, which may explain the great diversification and expansion of angiosperms during evolution.
The development of the MENTOR_D nursing intervention: Supporting family involvement in delirium management
Authors: Mailhot Tanya , Cossette Sylvie , Lavoie Patrick , Maheu‐Cadotte Marc‐André , Fontaine Guillaume , Bourbonnais Anne , Côté José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough families are increasingly seen as allies to improve delirium management and reduce its consequences, their involvement in the postcardiac surgery setting is challenging considering patients' critical state and short hospital stay. To our knowledge, no theory‐based nursing intervention exists that optimally supports the involvement of families in delirium management in the context of postcardiac surgery.ObjectivesWe aimed to develop MENTOR_D, a nursing intervention to support the involvement of families in delirium management.MethodsMENTOR_D was developed based on Sidani and Braden's (2011) intervention development framework. Narrative literature reviews paired with the clinical experience of an expert committee were used to inform these three steps: (1) develop an understanding of the problem under study; (2) define the objectives of the intervention and identify a theoretical framework for highlighting strategies to be used in the intervention; and (3) operationalize the intervention and identify its anticipated outcomes.ResultsAs a result of the three steps, the MENTOR_D nursing intervention relies on a caring–mentoring relationship between a nurse and the family. The aim of MENTOR_D is to increase the presence of the family at their relative's bedside and their involvement in delirium management. MENTOR_D's content is delivered over three phases that are organised around the visits of the family at the patient's bedside. During these phases, families used their knowledge of the patient to tailor the delirium management actions. These actions include orientation and reminiscence and were aimed at diminishing anxiety and increasing sense of self‐efficacy in families and diminishing delirium severity and improving recovery in patients.ConclusionsA deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of an intervention is key in its success to reach the targeted goals of effectiveness in practice. This understanding can be achieved through the careful development of a theory of the intervention before the operationalisation of its components and its testing. The proposed paper presents the theory of the MENTOR_D intervention, that is, its conceptualization and proposed mechanisms of action.Implications for practiceAs delirium continues to be a major complication, this intervention is a promising solution to increase families' involvement in delirium management and highlights the support that nurses can offer to facilitate this involvement. With its use in future studies and practice, it can be further refined.
Formulation‐led care in care homes: Staff perspectives on this psychological approach to managing behaviour in dementia care
Authors: McKenna Megan , Brown Laura J. E. , Berry Katherine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany people living with dementia will move to specialist care facilities as the syndrome progresses. Psychological formulation offers a promising non‐pharmacological approach to managing behaviours that challenge in dementia care. However, little is known about how formulation is viewed by non‐qualified care staff who are responsible for the day‐to‐day care of residents. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the experiences of care staff in relation to formulation as an approach to managing behaviour in dementia care.DesignThis was a qualitative design involving semi‐structured, individual interviews.MethodInterviews were conducted with 13 care staff with experience of psychological formulation from five care facilities. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data that offer an insight into the factors contributing to care staff's perspectives of formulation‐led care. The themes were defined as expectation, working together and understanding.ConclusionThe findings suggest that formulation‐led care approaches are viewed by care staff as a favourable approach to supporting people living with dementia who present with behavioural difficulties. Psychologists can aid care staff's investment within formulation approaches through managing expectations and fostering effective working relationships with care teams to develop understanding of the context around behaviours that challenge.Implications for PracticeBy aiding effective, collaborative communication between nursing and psychology team members and providing clear feedback to aid nurses' understanding of formulations, this study highlights that consideration of biopsychosocial factors when attempting to understand behaviour offers a safe, person‐centred alternative to pharmacological approaches.
Optimising curve fitting techniques to look for standardisation of the analysis of defocus curves derived from multifocal intraocular lenses
Authors: Law Elizabeth M , Buckhurst Hetal D , Aggarwal Rajesh K , El‐Kasaby Hosam , Marsden Jonathan , Shum Gary L , Buckhurst Phillip J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo establish the most appropriate curve fitting method to allow accurate comparison of defocus curves derived from intraocular lenses (IOLs).MethodsDefocus curves were plotted in five IOL groups (monofocal, extended depth of focus, refractive bifocal, diffractive bifocal and trifocal). Polynomial curves from 2nd to 11th order and cubic splines were fitted. Goodness of fit (GOF) was assessed using five methods: least squares, coefficient of determination (R2adj), Akaike information criteria (AIC), visual inspection and Snedecor and Cochran. Additional defocus steps at −2.25 D and −2.75 D were measured and compared to the calculated visual acuity (VA) values. Area under the defocus curve and range of focus were also compared.ResultsGoodness of fit demonstrated variable results, with more lenient methods such as R2adj leading to overfitting and conservative methods such as AIC resulting in underfitting. Furthermore, conservative methods diminished the inflection points resulting in an underestimation of VA. Polynomial of at least 8th order was required for comparison of area methods, but overfitted the EDoF and monofocal groups; the spline curve was consistent for all IOLs and methods.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the inherent difficulty of selecting a single polynomial function. The R2 method can be used cautiously along with visual inspection to guard against overfitting. Spline curves are suitable for all IOLs, guarding against the issues of overfitting. Therefore, for analysis of the defocus profile of IOLs, the fitting of a spline curves is advocated and should be used wherever possible.
Bi‐atrial characterization of the electrical substrate in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Giorgios Tsitsinakis , Antonio Frontera , Limite Luca Rosario , Felicia Lipartiti , Zweiker David , Cireddu Manuela , Vlachos Kostantinos , Hadjis Alexios , D'Angelo Giuseppe , Baratto Francesca , Bisceglia Caterina , Vergara Pasquale , Marzi Alessandra , Peretto Giovanni , Paglino Gabriele , Radinovic Andrea , Gulletta Simone , Sala Simone , Mazzone Patrizio , Bella Paolo Della 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding the characterization of electrical substrate in both atria in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsEight consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation (five paroxysmal, three persistent) underwent electrical substrate characterization during sinus rhythm. Mapping of the left (LA) and right atrium (RA) was performed with the use of the HD Grid catheter (Abbott). Bipolar voltage maps were analyzed to search for low voltage areas (LVA), the following electrophysiological phenomena were assessed: (1) slow conduction corridors, and (2) lines of block. EGMs were characterized to search for fractionation. Electrical characteristics were compared between atria and between paroxysmal versus persistent AF patients.ResultsIn the RA, LVAs were present in 60% of patients with paroxysmal AF and 100% of patients with persistent AF. In the LA, LVAs were present in 40% of patients with paroxysmal AF and 66% of patients with persistent AF. The areas of LVA in the RA and LA were 4.8±7.3 cm2 and 7.8±13.6 cm2 in patients with paroxysmal AF versus 11.7±3.0 cm2 and 2.1±1.8 cm2 in patients with persistent AF. In the RA, slow conduction corridors were present in 40.0% (paroxysmal AF) versus 66.7% (persistent AF) whereas in the LA, slow conduction corridors occurred in 20.0% versus 33.3% respectively (p = ns). EGM analysis showed more fractionation in persistent AF patients than paroxysmal (RA: persistent AF 10.8 vs. paroxysmal AF 4.7%, p = .036, LA: 10.3 vs. 4.1%, p = .108).ConclusionBi‐atrial involvement is present in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF. This is expressed by low voltage areas and slow conduction corridors whose extension progresses as the arrhythmia becomes persistent. This electrophysiological substrate demonstrates the important interplay with the pulmonary vein triggers to constitute the substrate for persistent arrhythmia.
Age‐specific associations of early daycare, older siblings, severe airway infection, and preterm birth with subsequent atopic diseases
Authors: Nagasaki Tadao , Tabuchi Takahiro , Matsumoto Hisako , Horimukai Kenta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of infection and developmental adaptations in infancy on the prevalence of subsequent atopy‐related diseases at different ages during childhood are not fully determined. This study aims to examine the similarities and differences in the age‐specific association of asthma, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis with early‐life infection‐related factors (i.e., daycare, older siblings, and severe airway infection) and developmental adaptations (i.e., preterm birth and rapid weight gain) in children.MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study (n = 47,015), children were followed from 0.5 to 11 years. The potential risks and protective factors, including daycare attendance at 0.5 years, existence of older siblings, history of hospitalization due to cold/bronchitis/bronchiolitis/pneumonia during 0.5–1.5 years, preterm birth, and rapid weight gain in the first 2.5 years, were assessed using multivariable logistic regression with adjustments for potential confounders.ResultsA protective association was observed between early‐life daycare attendance and asthma at 5.5–9 years, which disappeared after 10 years. A protective association was also noted throughout childhood between early daycare attendance and older siblings with allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis. However, the association between early daycare and atopic dermatitis was found to be risky during childhood. In contrast, the early‐life history of hospitalization owing to cold/bronchitis/bronchiolitis/pneumonia was identified to be a risk factor for developing both asthma and allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis. Preterm birth was a significant risk factor for childhood asthma.ConclusionDifferent age‐specific patterns were demonstrated in the relationship between early daycare, severe airway infection, preterm birth, and atopy‐related diseases in childhood.
Development and initial validation of a parent report measure of youth belongingness and burdensomeness
Authors: Buitron Victor , Hill Ryan M. , Cabrera Victoria , Pettit Jeremy W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS) implicates thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness as casually related to suicide desire. The self‐report Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) is the most commonly used measure to assess belongingness and burdensomeness, including in youth. No parent‐report version of the INQ exists. The current study adapted the ten‐item version of the INQ (INQ‐10) for parent report of youth belongingness and burdensomeness, thereby moving ITS research in youth to a multi‐informant measurement approach, and examined its factor structure and convergent and concurrent validity.MethodsParticipants were 168 clinic‐referred youths ages 9–17 years (58.9% female; Mage = 11.91) and their parents.ResultsFindings supported a two‐factor structure of the parent INQ. In support of convergent and concurrent validity, parent‐reported belongingness and burdensomeness were significantly associated with youth‐reported belongingness and burdensomeness, suicide ideation, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and impairment.ConclusionsThe current study provides initial support the INQ‐parent version as a valid measure to complement youth self‐reports of belongingness and burdensomeness.
The Accessibility and Electoral Consequences of Issue Competence Perceptions: Evidence from the Swiss 2019 Election
Authors: Marquis Lionel , Tresch Anke 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAccording to the issue ownership theory of voting, voters cast their ballot for the party that they consider to be most competent and most committed to handle an issue of importance to them. This article offers a theoretical expansion of this model, arguing that the effect of issue ownership on vote choice is conditioned by the accessibility of voters' ownership perceptions, as measured by response latencies. Through individual‐level analyses of voting in the 2019 Swiss federal election, we demonstrate that the effect of voters' issue ownership perceptions on their voting decisions is strongest when their ownership attributions are highly accessible and when the issue at stake is considered important. Our results also reveal that the effects of accessibility are largely driven by voting decisions for parties that own the issue in the eyes of a large part of the electorate, such as the Greens in the case of the environment.