bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of nonenhanced CT combined with laboratory examinations in the diagnosis of acute suppurative cholecystitis treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Bai-Qing , Xie Feng , Chen Guo-Dong , Li Xue , Mao Xue , Jia Bao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purposes
In this study, we aimed to identify the distribution of presenting laboratory and nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging features within 48 h before percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) and create a model to appropriately guide the diagnosis of acute suppurative cholecystitis (ASC).

Methods
The study population included 204 acute cholecystitis patients who underwent PC. Based on the timing of the last laboratory and CT examinations before PC, the patients were divided into two groups: within 48 h before PC (Group 1, n = 138) and over 48 h before PC (Group 2, n = 63). The clinical features of the ASC patients in the two groups were compared. A multivariable model for the diagnosis of ASC in the patients in Group 1 was developed.

Results
Thirty-nine patients in Group 1 had ASC (28.3%). Gallbladder stones, common bile duct stones, gallbladder wall thickness > 2.85 mm, and neutrophil granulocytes > 82.55% were confirmed to be independent risk factors for ASC. The receiver operating characteristic curve of the recurrence prediction model verified its accuracy (area under the curve: 0.803). Compared with the ASC patients in Group 2, the ASC patients in Group 1 had a higher proportion of pericholecystic exudation or fluid (P = 0.013) and thicker gallbladder walls (P = 0.033).

Conclusions
Using nonenhanced CT imaging features and cutoffs for neutrophil granulocytes, we were able to identify a simple algorithm to discriminate ASC. The degree of local inflammation of the gallbladder in ASC patients progressively increases over time, and these changes can be observed on nonenhanced CT images. However, the symptoms of abdominal pain are of little help in estimating the disease duration in elderly patients.
Synergistic association between underweight and type 2 diabetes on the development of laryngeal cancer: a national population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Oh. Hyeong , Park Yong-Moon , Ko Seung-Hyun , Lee Kyuna , Kim Yeonji , Han Kyungdo , Cho Jung-Hae 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although cigarette smoking is the most significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer, other risk factors might also be associated with the development of laryngeal cancer. We investigated whether underweight and type 2 diabetes are associated with laryngeal cancer in a Korean population.

Methods
A total of 9,957,059 participants (≥20 years) without prior history of cancer who underwent a National Health Insurance Service health checkup in 2009 were followed up until December 31, 2018. Newly diagnosed laryngeal cancer was identified using claim data, and underweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2. A Cox proportional-hazards models with multivariable adjustment were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
During the median follow-up period of 8.3 years, 3504 cases of laryngeal cancer occurred. Underweight was associated with increased risk of laryngeal cancer after adjusting for potential confounders (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22–1.69) compared to those who were not underweight. Underweight and type 2 diabetes were synergistically associated with higher risk of laryngeal cancer (HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.54–3.51), compared to those without either condition. This relationship was stronger in those with an age < 65 years (HR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.88–5.87) and alcohol consumption (HR: 2.72, 95% CI: 1.64–4.53).

Conclusions
These results suggest that underweight may be a significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer and that underweight and type 2 diabetes might synergistically increase the risk of laryngeal cancer.
Optical coherence tomography analysis of anterior segment parameters before and after laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle-closure suspects by using CASIA2
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Wang Xiaolei , Tang Yizhen , Sun Xinghuai , Chen Yuhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is effective in primary angle-closure suspects (PACS); however, predictors for anterior segment alterations after LPI are limited. We aimed to evaluate the anterior segment biometric parameters before and after LPI in PACS using the recently developed, CASIA 2 device of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods
We performed LPI in 52 PACS. Anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior chamber volume (ACV), iris curvature (ICURVE), iridotrabecular contact (ITC), lens vault (LV), lens thickness (LT), radius of the lens, angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), and trabecular iris angle (TIA) at different distances (i.e., 500 μm from the sclera spur), were evaluated before and after LPI using CASIA 2.

Results
Eyes of PACS after LPI had a greater ACV, AOD, ARA, TISA, and TIA, and a lower ITC and ICURVE (all p < 0.001) than those before LPI. On a 360° scan, the anterior chamber angle in the superior quadrant increased the most after the LPI. A higher baseline LT was significantly associated with a greater postoperative increase in AOD 500, ARA 500, TISA 500, and TIA 500 (p = 0.001, p = 0.010, p = 0.004, and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
We found that LPI widens the anterior chamber angle in the PACS, especially, in the superior quadrant around the iridotomy hole. Eyes with a thicker lens are more likely to experience angle opening because of the LPI.
Global pattern of trends in incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-incidence ratio rates related to liver cancer, 1990–2019: a longitudinal analysis based on the global burden of disease study
Authors: Amini Maedeh , Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Zarean Elaheh , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver cancer (LC) is considered as one of the most dominant malignant tumors which ranked 4thand 6thin terms of global mortality and incidence, respectively. This work aimed to investigate the global temporal trends in LC mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) and its components, with a particular focus on examining long-term effect of human development index (HDI) on these metrics in a 30-year follow-up.MethodsThe age-standardized LC incidence and mortality data were derived from the global burden of disease (GBD) study 2019. We first leveraged joinpoint piecewise linear regression analysis to ascertain time trends in LC incidence, mortality, and MIR complement [1-MIR] and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the rates over the period 1990–2019. Then, the association between the metrics and HDI was explored through longitudinal multilevel models (LMMs).ResultsThe incidence rates paralleled the mortality rates worldwide and they had similar significant monotonic decrementing trends with AAPC values of − 1.10% (95% confidence interval (CI): − 1.40, − 0.90%) and − 1.40% (− 1.50, − 1.30%), respectively from 1990 to 2019. The [1-MIR] rates were around 0 and showed an increasing pattern from 1.70 to 8.10 per 100,000 people (AAPC, 4.90%) at the same period of time. Results from the LMMs displayed that the majority of the variation lies at the country level accounted for about 88% of the total variance. Moreover, our analysis supported that the HDI was negatively associated with either incidence or mortality over time (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings highlighted that the global long-term temporal trends of LC incidence and mortality decreased slightly during 1990–2019 which may reflect improved therapeutic strategies and public health interventions. Besides, the low rates of [1-MIR] revealed the five-year relative survival rate was poor implying LC is diagnosed late in its development. Thereby, the policymakers’ focus must be on early screening and detection of liver cancer.
The perceived effects of COVID-19 pandemic on female genital mutilation/cutting and child or forced marriages in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia and Senegal
Authors: Esho Tammary , Matanda Dennis J. , Abuya Timothy , Abebe Sintayehu , Hailu Yeshitila , Camara Khaltoume , Mouhammed Bachir , Kapsandui Tonny , Kamanzi Lilian , Wabwire Andrew , Kagurusi Patrick , Nankanja Maureen , Gitimu Anne , Kawai David , Kogada John , Ondigo Millicent , Osur Joachim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of COVID-19 on harmful traditional practices such Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and Child or Forced Marriages (CFM) have not been well documented. We examined respondents’ perceptions on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected FGM/C and CFM in Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study design with a mixed methods approach was used. Data collection on participants’ perceptions on the effects of COVID-19 on FGM/C and CFM took place between October-December 2020. Household surveys targeting women and men aged 15–49 years in Kenya (n = 312), Uganda (n = 278), Ethiopia (n = 251), and Senegal (n = 208) were conducted. Thirty-eight key informant interviews with programme implementers and policymakers were carried out in Kenya (n = 17), Uganda (n = 9), Ethiopia (n = 8), and Senegal (n = 4).ResultsIn Kenya, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in both FGM/C and CFM cases. Minimal increase of FGM/C cases was reported in Uganda and a significant increase in CFM cases. In Ethiopia, the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited perceived effect on changes in FGM/C and CFM. In Senegal, there were minimal perceived effects of COVID-19 on the number of FGM/C and CFM cases. The pandemic negatively affected implementation of interventions by the justice and legal system, the health system, and civil societies.ConclusionsThe pandemic has had varied perceived effects on FGM/C and CFM across the four countries. Generally, the pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the various sectors that are responsible for preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM. This calls for innovative approaches in intervening in the various communities to ensure that women and girls at risk of FGM/C and CFM or in need of services are reached during the pandemic. Evidence on how effective alternative approaches such as the use of call centres, radio talk shows and the use of local champions as part of risk communication in preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM amid COVID-19 is urgently required.
The classification of coronal deformity based on preoperative global coronal malalignment for adult spinal deformity is questionable
Authors: Zhang Jiandang , Yu Yang , Gao Shangju , Hai Yong , Wu Bing , Su Xiaojing , Wang Zheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Study design
Retrospective case–control radiographic study.

Objective
To identify main effects of preoperative pattern and global coronal malalignment (GCM) on postoperative coronal imbalance in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) patients and evaluate the rationality of the classification of coronal deformity based on preoperative GCM.

Summary of background data
A classification of coronal deformity based on preoperative GCM (20 mm set as the threshold of coronal imbalance) has been proposed recently, but whether it is practical is unclear.

Methods
One hundred twelve DLS patients treated with posterior instrumented fusion were reviewed. Coronal measurements included GCM and major Cobb angle. Based on relationship between C7 PL and major curve, preoperative patterns were classified into: Pattern 1(concave pattern), C7 PL shifted to the concave side of major curve; Pattern 2(convex pattern), C7 PL shifted to the convex side of major curve. Patients were separated into 4 groups (3 types): Type 0–1: GCM < 20 mm plus Pattern 1; Type 0–2: GCM < 20 mm plus Pattern 2; Type 1: GCM > 20 mm plus Pattern 1; Type 2: GCM > 20 mm plus Pattern 2. After comparison within patterns or among 4 groups, further factorial analysis was performed.

Results
Significant differences regarding postoperative GCM or coronal imbalance/balance ratio existed among 4 groups (F = 6.219, p = 0.001; x2 = 22.506, p < 0.001, respectively), despite no significant difference in intra-pattern 1(concave pattern) or intra-pattern 2(convex pattern) groups. Two-way analysis of variance showed preoperative pattern exhibited significant effect on postoperative GCM or imbalance/balance ratio (F(1,108) = 14.286, p < 0.001; F(1,108) = 30.514, p < 0.001, respectively) while neither preoperative GCM alone nor interaction of preoperative GCM with pattern did.

Conclusion
In DLS patients, it’s the preoperative pattern other than GCM that had main effects on postoperative coronal imbalance. Classification of coronal deformity based on preoperative GCM is questionable.

Level of evidence
3
The impact of a novel medication scanner on administration errors in the hospital setting: a before and after feasibility study
Authors: Tolley Clare L. , Watson Neil W. , Heed Andrew , Einbeck Jochen , Medows Suzanne , Wood Linda , Campbell Layla , Slight Sarah P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
The medication administration process is complex and consequently prone to errors. Closed Loop Medication Administration solutions aim to improve patient safety. We assessed the impact of a novel medication scanning device (MedEye) on the rate of medication administration errors in a large UK Hospital.

Methods
We performed a feasibility before and after study on one ward at a tertiary-care teaching hospital that used a commercial electronic prescribing and medication administration system. We conducted direct observations of nursing drug administration rounds before and after the MedEye implementation. We calculated the rate and type (‘timing’, ‘omission’ or ‘other’ error) of medication administration errors (MAEs) before and after the MedEye implementation.

Results
We observed a total of 1069 administrations before and 432 after the MedEye intervention was implemented. Data suggested that MedEye could support a reduction in MAEs. After adjusting for heterogeneity, we detected a decreasing effect of MedEye on overall errors (p = 0.0753). Non-timing errors (‘omission’ and ‘other’ errors) reduced from 51 (4.77%) to 11 (2.55%), a reduction of 46.5%, which had borderline significance at the 5% level, although this was lost after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions
This pilot study detected a decreasing effect of MedEye on overall errors and a reduction in non-timing error rates that was clinically important as such errors are more likely to be associated with harm. Further research is needed to investigate the impact on a larger sample of medications.
Patient safety culture in Iranian teaching hospitals: baseline assessment, opportunities for improvement and benchmarking
Authors: Kakemam Edris , Albelbeisi Ahmed Hassan , Davoodabadi Samane , Ghafari Masoud , Dehghandar Zahra , Raeissi Pouran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient safety culture is an essential factor in determining the ability of hospitals to treat and reduce patient risks. Healthcare professionals, especially nurses, play an important role in patient safety because they are responsible for direct and ongoing patient care. Few studies in Iran examine the patient safety culture in Iranian teaching hospitals, particularly from the perspective of nursing staff. This research assessed patient safety culture in teaching hospitals in Iran from the nurses’ point of view and compared the outcomes with similar regional and global studies. Furthermore, the study identified the factors influencing patient safety culture and its association with outcomes.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was accomplished in thirty-two teaching hospitals in five provinces of Iran. A total of 2295 nurses were chosen through convenience sampling. Collection data were done using the Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HOPSC) from October 2018 and September 2019. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
The results demonstrated the overall percentage of positive response rate for the HOPSC tool (36.4%). The average percentage of positive responses among all dimensions ranged from 27.1% in “Staffing” to 53.8% in “Teamwork across Hospital Units”. Benchmarking analysis shows that Iranian hospitals are equal or better performance than the benchmark on several composites compared to regional and global findings. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the age, gender, total years of experience in nursing, work area or unit, work hours, and size of the hospital were significant predictors of the perceptions patient safety culture of nurses (p <  0.05).

Conclusions
This is one of few studies that examine nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture in public hospitals in Iran. Although the results of the present study showed that the results of Iran were at or better than the many composites in Jordan, Turkey, KSA, and the Philippines. The findings confirmed that all 12 dimensions can be considered as areas requiring improvement, and these results demonstrated that there was a severe shortage in patient safety culture among the included hospitals.
An electronic patient-reported outcome created based on my needs is worth using: an explorative qualitative study investigating young people’s opinions for a health assessment tool
Authors: Lostelius Petra V. , Mattebo Magdalena , Söderlund Anne , Revenäs Åsa , Thors Adolfsson Eva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Young people in different healthcare settings are positive about using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs), which are meant to increase the effectiveness and safety of interventions from the patient’s perspective. Sweden offers free healthcare to young people aged 12–25 years at 275 youth health clinics (YHCs), whose goals are to strengthen young people and promote sexual, physical, and mental health. YHCs need effective ways to identify the overall picture of young people’s health and health-related problems. To our knowledge, there is no ePRO for YHCs that provides an overview of young people’s health from several health perspectives. The aim of this study was to explore young people’s view on content and design of an ePRO to provide an overview of their health and health related problems when visiting a YHC, and their opinion on what healthcare needs to consider when using the ePRO. This was an explorative qualitative study. The participants were included from five YHCs, in different socioeconomic areas in central Sweden. Fifteen participants were included: 10 girls, three boys, and two non-binary participants with an age range of 16–22 years. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide and individual interviews, and inductive content analysis was performed.

Results
One main theme, “ePRO created based on my needs is worth using” and two sub-themes, “Appealing content and design” and “Trusting healthcare”, emerged. The participants wanted that an ePRO should include overall questions about mental-, physical-, and sexual health and social support. Participants also believed the ePRO must disclose the risks of self-harm or suicide. The participants noted the importance of emotional and digital security when using the ePRO and having a confidential conversation with a healthcare provider. To share health information means to trust to gain health.

Conclusions
The study participants' views on content and design can form the basis for designing an ePRO for young people. Their thoughts on safety and treatment in healthcare can be considered in the development process. This study is the starting point for developing an ePRO for young people at YHCs.
"Good Farming–Clear Thinking–Right Living": Midwestern Farm Newspapers, Social Reform, and Rural Readers in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Fry John J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Between 1895 and 1920 technological, economic, demographic, and cultural changes transformed American rural life. This article argues that historians should not take agricultural newspapers as is and assume that they expressed the farmer’s point of view. Because most of the publishers and editors of farm newspapers lived in cities and were influenced by progressive reformers, farm newspapers often reflected urban reform ideas. At the same time, farm newspapers provided space for opposing viewpoints by publishing letters to the editor. The coverage of agricultural education and rural school consolidation in four midwestern farm newspapers provides an illustrative case study of this interaction. While publishers and editors promoted reformers’ recommendations, many farmers did not agree with or follow their advice. As a result, farm newspapers are better seen not as expressing the ideas of farmers, but providing a forum for reformers and farmers to debate proposed changes to country life.
Dead Beef and Live Soldiers: Lyndon Johnson, Keith Holyoake, and U.S.-New Zealand Relations in the 1960s
Authors: Sarantakes Nicholas Evan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The focus of this article is the "friendship" between Lyndon Johnson, president of the United States, and Keith Holyoake, prime minister of New Zealand, and how it influenced the diplomatic relationship their two countries had with one another. Johnson and Holyoake were the masters of their political systems and dominated the political life of their countries in the 1960s. With similar rural backgrounds and professions, they understood one another and treated the foreign policy of their two countries as a series of political deals. Johnson’s most important concern was garnering support for the United States’ initiative in Vietnam, while Holyoake wanted to make sure that New Zealand had access to American markets for its agricultural exports.
From La Tijera to San Luis: Farm and Faith on the Rio Puerco
Authors: Diggle Susan E. , Hieb Louis A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Early Spanish colonists in regions of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado sought locations where irrigation works could be constructed to make new settlements possible. Between 1867 and 1872 four Hispanic villages, based on an economy of irrigation, agriculture, and livestock grazing, were established in the middle Rio Puerco valley, northwest of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Within a decade, overgrazing in the larger Rio Puerco watershed initiated a process of erosion and entrenchment of the Rio Puerco that eventually led to the abandonment of three of the villages. The surviving village of San Luis has kept its sense of community alive despite environmental losses that brought an end to agriculture and severely limited the possibilities for raising livestock. San Luis’s institutions of agriculture once provided its unique connection to place. The community now survives on faith, as it once survived on agriculture, and draws spiritual, if not actual sustenance from the land it hopes someday to reclaim.