bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the macro to micro resolution gap with angiographic optical coherence tomography and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
Authors: Zabel W. Jeffrey , Allam Nader , Foltz Warren D. , Flueraru Costel , Taylor Edward , Vitkin I. Alex 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is emerging as a valuable tool for non-invasive volumetric monitoring of the tumor vascular status and its therapeutic response. However, clinical utility of DCE-MRI is challenged by uncertainty in its ability to quantify the tumor microvasculature ($$\mu \mathrm{m}$$

μ
m

scale) given its relatively poor spatial resolution (mm scale at best). To address this challenge, we directly compared DCE-MRI parameter maps with co-registered micron-scale-resolution speckle variance optical coherence tomography (svOCT) microvascular images in a window chamber tumor mouse model. Both semi and fully quantitative (Toft’s model) DCE-MRI metrics were tested for correlation with microvascular svOCT biomarkers. svOCT’s derived vascular volume fraction (VVF) and the mean distance to nearest vessel ($$\overline{\mathrm{DNV} }$$

DNV
¯

) metrics were correlated with DCE-MRI vascular biomarkers such as time to peak contrast enhancement ($$r=-0.81$$

r
=
-
0.81

and $$0.83$$

0.83

respectively, $$P<0.0001$$

P
<
0.0001

for both), the area under the gadolinium-time concentration curve ($$r=0.50$$

r
=
0.50

and $$-0.48$$

-
0.48

respectively, $$P<0.0001$$

P
<
0.0001

for both) and $${k}_{trans}$$

k

trans

($$r=0.64$$

r
=
0.64

and $$-0.61$$

-
0.61

respectively, $$P<0.0001$$

P
<
0.0001

for both). Several other correlated micro–macro vascular metric pairs were also noted. The microvascular insights afforded by svOCT may help improve the clinical utility of DCE-MRI for tissue functional status assessment and therapeutic response monitoring applications.
Prognostic indicators of arthroscopic discopexy for management of temporomandibular joint closed lock
Authors: Sah Manoj Kumar , Abdelrehem Ahmed , Chen Shihui , Shen Pei , Jiao ZiXian , Hu Ying Kai , Nie Xin , Yang Chi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to optimize patient selection for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopic discopexy to achieve favorable outcomes, prognostic indicators impacting the results are important to analyze. This longitudinal retrospective study aimed to analyze various prognostic factors impacting surgical outcomes following arthroscopic discopexy for management of TMJ closed lock using success criteria based on pain, maximal interincisal opening, diet, and quality of life. Furthermore, a quantitative MRI assessment was performed pre- and post-operatively. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate various prognostic variables including gender, age, side, duration of illness, Wilkes staging, parafunctional habits, splint therapy and orthodontic treatment. A total of 147 patients (201 joints) were included. The outcome was categorized as excellent (n = 154/76.61%), good (n = 34/16.91%), or poor (n = 13/6.46%) with a success rate of 93.54%. Patients aged > 30 years old (p = 0.048), longer duration of illness (12–24 months: p = 0.034) and (> 24 months: p = 0.022), and patients with Wilkes stage IV (p = 0.002) were all significantly more likely to be in the poor outcome group. Finally, orthodontic treatment showed a significant association with excellent outcomes (p = 0.015). Age, duration of illness, Wilkes staging, and orthodontic treatment are considered significant prognostic factors that can predict the outcomes following the arthroscopic discopexy for management of TMJ closed lock.
Identification of natural and anthropogenic signals in controlled source seismic experiments
Authors: Díaz J. , DeFelipe I. , Ruiz M. , Andrés J. , Ayarza P. , Carbonell R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe analysis of the background noise in seismic networks has proved to be a powerful tool not only to acquire new insights on the crustal structure, but also to monitor different natural and anthropogenic processes. We show that data acquired during controlled source experiments can also be a valuable tool to monitor such processes, in particular when using high-density deployments. Data from a wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic profile in the central-northwest part of Iberia is used to identify signals related to aircrafts, road traffic, quarry blasts, wind blow, rainfall or thunders. The most prominent observations are those generated by a helicopter and an airplane flying following trajectories subparallel to the profile, which are tracked along 200 km with a spatial resolution of 350 m, hence providing an exceptional dataset. Other highlights are the observation of the Doppler effect on signals generated by moving cars and the high-density recording of acoustic waves generated by thunders. In addition to the intrinsic interest of identifying such signals, this contribution proves that it is worth inspecting the data acquired during seismic experiments beyond the time interval including the arrival of the seismic waves generated by the controlled source.
A role for cortical dopamine in the paradoxical calming effects of psychostimulants
Authors: Harris Sharonda S. , Green Sara M. , Kumar Mayank , Urs Nikhil M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPsychostimulants have a paradoxical calming effect in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but their mechanism of action is unclear. Studies using dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) knockout (KO) mice have suggested that the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants might occur through actions on serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. However, newer non-stimulant drugs, such as atomoxetine and guanfacine, suggest that targeting the norepinephrine (NE) system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) might explain this paradoxical calming effect. Thus, we sought to clarify the mechanism of this paradoxical action of psychostimulants. Our ex vivo efflux experiments reveal that the NE transporter (NET) blocker desipramine elevates both norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), but not 5-HT levels, in PFC tissue slices from wild-type (WT) and DAT-KO, but not NET-KO mice. However, the 5-HT transporter (SERT) inhibitor fluoxetine elevates only 5-HT in all three genotypes. Systemic administration of desipramine or fluoxetine inhibits hyperactivity in DAT-KO mice, whereas local PFC infusion of desipramine alone produced this same effect. In contrast, pharmacological NE depletion and DA elevation using nepicastat also inhibits hyperactivity in DAT-KO mice. Together, these data suggest elevation of PFC DA and not NE or 5-HT, as a convergent mechanism for the paradoxical effects of psychostimulants observed in ADHD therapy.
Comprehensive assessment of NR ligand polypharmacology by a multiplex reporter NR assay
Authors: Medvedev Alexander , Moeser Matt , Medvedeva Liubov , Martsen Elena , Granick Alexander , Raines Lydia , Gorman Kristen , Lin Benjamin , Zeng Ming , Houck Keith A. , Makarov Sergei S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-modulated transcription factors that regulate multiple cell functions and thus represent excellent drug targets. However, due to a considerable NR structural homology, NR ligands often interact with multiple receptors. Here, we describe a multiplex reporter assay (the FACTORIAL NR) that enables parallel assessment of NR ligand activity across all 48 human NRs. The assay comprises one-hybrid GAL4-NR reporter modules transiently transfected into test cells. To evaluate the reporter activity, we assessed their RNA transcripts. We used a homogeneous RNA detection approach that afforded equal detection efficacy and permitted the multiplex detection in a single-well format. For validation, we examined a panel of selective NR ligands and polypharmacological agonists and antagonists of the progestin, estrogen, PPAR, ERR, and ROR receptors. The assay produced highly reproducible NR activity profiles (r > 0.96) permitting quantitative assessment of individual NR responses. The inferred EC50 values agreed with the published data. The assay showed excellent quality (<Z’>  = 0.73) and low variability (<CV> = 7.2%). Furthermore, the assay permitted distinguishing direct and non-direct NR responses to ligands. Therefore, the FACTORIAL NR enables comprehensive evaluation of NR ligand polypharmacology.
Surface ruptures and off-fault deformation of the October 2016 central Italy earthquakes from DInSAR data
Authors: Carboni Filippo , Porreca Massimiliano , Valerio Emanuela , Mariarosaria Manzo , De Luca Claudio , Azzaro Salvatore , Ercoli Maurizio , Barchi Massimiliano R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLarge magnitude earthquakes produce complex surface deformations, which are typically mapped by field geologists within the months following the mainshock. We present detailed maps of the surface deformation pattern produced by the M. Vettore Fault System during the October 2016 earthquakes in central Italy, derived from ALOS-2 SAR data, via DInSAR technique. On these maps, we trace a set of cross-sections to analyse the coseismic vertical displacement, essential to identify both surface fault ruptures and off-fault deformations. At a local scale, we identify a large number of surface ruptures, in agreement with those observed in the field. At a larger scale, the inferred coseismic deformation shows a typical long-wavelength convex curvature of the subsiding block, not directly recognizable in the field. The detection of deformation patterns from DInSAR technique can furnish important constraints on the activated fault segments, their spatial distribution and interaction soon after the seismic events. Thanks to the large availability of satellite SAR acquisitions, the proposed methodological approach can be potentially applied to worldwide earthquakes (according to the environmental characteristics of the sensed scene) to provide a wider and faster picture of surface ruptures. Thus, the derived information can be crucial for emergency management by civil protection and helpful to drive and support the geological field surveys during an ongoing seismic crisis.
Variations in intraocular pressure and visual parameters before and after using mobile virtual reality glasses and their effects on the eyes
Authors: Lin Ching-Huang , Lin Hsien-Chang , Chen Chien-Yu , Lih Chong-Chung 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examined the effects of using mobile devices with immersive virtual reality for a short period on the physiological parameters of both eyes. The average age of the 50 participants (23 men and 27 women) was 17.72 ± 1.48 years, and refractive error ranged from 0 D to − 5.00 D. All the participants wore + 3.00 D glasses and underwent a 5-min relaxation adjustment through the atomization method. The participants wore immersive virtual reality (VR) glasses to watch a movie on a roller coaster for 10 min. Their relevant physiological parameters of the eyes were measured both before and after using VR glasses. Compared with before VR use, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in the near-horizontal vergence and refractive error but a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the amplitude of accommodation, intraocular pressure, divergence/convergence, and stereopsis after VR use. The corneal elastic coefficient was > 0.2 MPa, and we used Friedenwald’s eye rigidity relationship to obtain the K value (0.065–0.09). Approximately 10% of the participants experienced cybersickness symptoms such as nausea and dizziness. The use of VR to watch three-dimensional movies reduced intraocular pressure, which may help prevent or treat glaucoma. Moreover, the binocular convergence was higher when viewing near-field objects in VR than in the real world. Therefore, individuals with convergence excess may experience symptoms. Binocular parallax is the most likely cause of cybersickness symptoms. Thus, mobile VR devices with higher quality and comfort are necessary.
Robust tests for combining p-values under arbitrary dependency structures
Authors: Chen Zhongxue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently Liu and Xie proposed a p-value combination test based on the Cauchy distribution (CCT). They showed that when the significance levels are small, CCT can control type I error rate and the resulting p-value can be simply approximated using a Cauchy distribution. One very special and attractive property of CCT is that it is applicable to situations where the p-values to be combined are dependent. However, in this paper, we show that under some conditions the commonly used MinP test is much more powerful than CCT. In addition, under some other situations, CCT is powerless at all. Therefore, we should use CCT with caution. We also proposed new robust p-value combination tests using a second MinP/CCT to combine the dependent p-values obtained from CCT and MinP applied to the original p-values. We call the new tests MinP-CCT-MinP (MCM) and CCT-MinP-CCT (CMC). We study the performance of the new tests by comparing them with CCT and MinP using comprehensive simulation study. Our study shows that the proposed tests, MCM and CMC, are robust and powerful under many conditions, and can be considered as alternatives of CCT or MinP.
Early neurological deterioration after intravenous thrombolysis of anterior vs posterior circulation stroke: a secondary analysis of INTRECIS
Authors: Cui Yu , Meng Wei-Hong , Chen Hui-Sheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnterior circulation stroke (ACS) differs from posterior circulation stroke (PCS) in many ways, but it remains unclear whether there is any difference in early neurological deterioration (END) in two stroke territories. We compared post-thrombolytic END between ACS and PCS based on the data from INTRECIS. We screened patients receiving intravenous 0.9 mg/kg alteplase within 4.5 h in the INTRECIS cohort. According to stroke territory, patients were divided into ACS and PCS groups. The primary outcome was incidence of END, which was defined as an increase in NIHSS score ≥ 4 or death within 24 h from baseline. The secondary outcomes were associated factors of END and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) distribution. Overall, 1194 patients were enrolled in this study: 942 in ACS group and 252 in PCS group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of END between two groups (3.8% vs 5.2%, adjusted p = 0.406). Atrial fibrillation (adjusted p = 0.012) and TOAST classification (adjusted p = 0.009) were associated with END in ACS, while hypertension history (adjusted p = 0.046) and baseline NIHSS score (adjusted p = 0.011) with END in PCS. END was associated with worse outcome on 90-day mRS in ACS and PCS (adjusted p < 0.001). Based on a prospective nationwide cohort, we provided first report for similar incidence, but different risk factors of post-thrombolytic END in ACS vs PCS patients.Trial Registration-URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02854592.
Deconvolution of ferromagnetic resonance spectrum of magnetic nanoparticle assembly using genetic algorithm
Authors: Usov N. A. , Serebryakova O. N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of dilute random assemblies of magnetite nanoparticles with cubic magnetic anisotropy and various aspect ratios are calculated using the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz equation at a finite temperature, T = 300 K, taking into account the thermal fluctuations of the particle magnetic moments. Particles of non-spherical shape in the first approximation are described as elongated spheroids with a given semiaxes ratio a/b, where a and b are the long and transverse semiaxes of a spheroid, respectively. A representative database of FMR spectra is created for assemblies of randomly oriented spheroidal magnetite nanoparticles with various transverse diameters D = 5–25 nm, moderate aspect ratios a/b = 1.0–1.8, and magnetic damping constants κ = 0.1, 0.2. The basic FMR spectra of assemblies with D = 25 nm at different aspect ratios can be considered as representatives of assemblies of single-domain magnetite nanoparticles with transverse diameters D > 25 nm. The database is calculated at exciting frequency f = 4.9 GHz (S-band) to clarify the details of the FMR spectrum that depend on the particle magnetic anisotropy nature. The data obtained make it possible to analyze arbitrary combined FMR spectra constructed as weighted linear combinations of FMR spectra of the base assemblies. In addition, using a genetic algorithm, the corresponding inverse problem is solved. The latter consists in determining the volume fractions of the base assemblies in some arbitrary nanoparticle assembly, which is represented by its FMR spectrum.
Functionally distinct T-helper cell phenotypes predict resistance to different types of parasites in a wild mammal
Authors: Corripio-Miyar Yolanda , Hayward Adam , Lemon Hannah , Sweeny Amy R. , Bal Xavier , Kenyon Fiona , Pilkington Jill G. , Pemberton Josephine M. , Nussey Daniel H. , McNeilly Tom N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe adaptive immune system is critical to an effective response to infection in vertebrates, with T-helper (Th) cells pivotal in orchestrating these responses. In natural populations where co-infections are the norm, different Th responses are likely to play an important role in maintaining host health and fitness, a relationship which remains poorly understood in wild animals. In this study, we characterised variation in functionally distinct Th responses in a wild population of Soay sheep by enumerating cells expressing Th-subset specific transcription factors and quantifying Th-associated cytokines. We tested the prediction that raised Th1 and Th2 responses should predict reduced apicomplexan and helminth parasite burdens, respectively. All measures of Th-associated cytokine production increased with age, while Th17- and regulatory Th-associated cytokine production increased more rapidly with age in males than females. Independent of age, sex, and each other, IL-4 and Gata3 negatively predicted gastro-intestinal nematode faecal egg count, while IFN-γ negatively predicted coccidian faecal oocyst count. Our results provide important support from outside the laboratory that Th1 and Th2 responses predict resistance to different kinds of parasites, and illustrate how harnessing specific reagents and tools from laboratory immunology will illuminate our understanding of host-parasite interactions in the wild.
Characterization of exhaled e-cigarette aerosols in a vape shop using a field-portable holographic on-chip microscope
Authors: Çetintaş Ege , Luo Yi , Nguyen Charlene , Guo Yuening , Li Liqiao , Zhu Yifang , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe past decade marked a drastic increase in the usage of electronic cigarettes. The adverse health impact of secondhand exposure due to exhaled e-cig particles has raised significant concerns, demanding further research on the characteristics of these particles. In this work, we report direct volatility measurements on exhaled e-cig aerosols using a field-portable device (termed c-Air) enabled by deep learning and lens-free holographic microscopy; for this analysis, we performed a series of field experiments in a vape shop where customers used/vaped their e-cig products. During four days of experiments, we periodically sampled the indoor air with intervals of ~ 16 min and collected the exhaled particles with c-Air. Time-lapse inline holograms of the collected particles were recorded by c-Air and reconstructed using a convolutional neural network yielding phase-recovered microscopic images of the particles. Volumetric decay of individual particles due to evaporation was used as an indicator of the volatility of each aerosol. Volatility dynamics quantified through c-Air experiments showed that indoor vaping increased the percentage of volatile and semi-volatile particles in air. The reported methodology and findings can guide further studies on volatility characterization of indoor e-cig emissions.
Alterations in blood proteins in the prodromal stage of bipolar II disorders
Authors: Lee Hyunju , Han Dohyun , Rhee Sang Jin , Kim Jayoun , Lee Yunna , Kim Eun Young , Park Dong Yeon , Roh Sungwon , Baik Myungjae , Jung Hee Yeon , Lee Junhee , Lee Tae Young , Kim Minah , Shin Hyunsuk , Kim Hyeyoon , Kim Se Hyun , Kwon Jun Soo , Ahn Yong Min , Ha Kyooseob 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough early intervention may help prevent the progression of bipolar disorder, there are some controversies over early pharmacological intervention. In this study, we recruited 40 subjects in the prodromal stage of BD-II (BP), according to bipolar at-risk state criteria. We compared the expression of their plasma proteins with that of 48 BD-II and 75 healthy control (HC) to identify markers that could be detected in a high-risk state. The multiple reaction monitoring method was used to measure target peptide levels with high accuracy. A total of 26 significant peptides were identified through analysis of variance with multiple comparisons, of which 19 were differentially expressed in the BP group when compared to the BD-II and HC groups. Two proteins were overexpressed in the BP group; and were related to pro-inflammation and impaired neurotransmission. The other under-expressed peptides in the BP group were related to blood coagulation, immune reactions, lipid metabolism, and the synaptic plasticity. In this study, significant markers observed in the BP group have been reported in patients with psychiatric disorders. Overall, the results suggest that the pathophysiological changes included in BD-II had already occurred with BP, thus justifying early pharmacological treatment to prevent disease progression.
Differential molecular response in mice and human thymocytes exposed to a combined-dose radiation regime
Authors: López-Nieva Pilar , González-Vasconcellos Iria , González-Sánchez Laura , Cobos-Fernández María A. , Ruiz-García Sara , Sánchez Pérez Raúl , Aroca Ángel , Fernández-Piqueras José , Santos Javier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the quest for more effective radiation treatment options that can improve both cell killing and healthy tissue recovery, combined radiation therapies are lately in the spotlight. The molecular response to a combined radiation regime where exposure to an initial low dose (priming dose) of ionizing radiation is administered prior to a subsequent higher radiation dose (challenging dose) after a given latency period have not been thoroughly explored. In this study we report on the differential response to either a combined radiation regime or a single challenging dose both in mouse in vivo and in human ex vivo thymocytes. A differential cell cycle response including an increase in the subG1 fraction on cells exposed to the combined regime was found. Together with this, a differential protein expression profiling in several pathways including cell cycle control (ATM, TP53, p21CDKN1A), damage response (γH2AX) and cell death pathways such as apoptosis (Cleaved Caspase-3, PARP1, PKCδ and H3T45ph) and ferroptosis (xCT/GPX4) was demonstrated. This study also shows the epigenetic regulation following a combined regime that alters the expression of chromatin modifiers such as DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L) and glycosylases (MBD4 and TDG). Furthermore, a study of the underlying cellular status six hours after the priming dose alone showed evidence of retained modifications on the molecular and epigenetic pathways suggesting that the priming dose infers a “radiation awareness phenotype” to the thymocytes, a sensitization key to the differential response seen after the second hit with the challenging dose. These data suggest that combined-dose radiation regimes could be more efficient at making cells respond to radiation and it would be interesting to further investigate how can these schemes be of use to potential new radiation therapies.