bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small islands and climate change: analysis of adaptation policy in the Cayman Islands
Authors: Johnston Wendy , Cooper Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small, low-lying islands are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change and development of effective adaptation strategies is regarded as an urgent need. Through an analysis of existing and emerging climate adaptation policies, this paper assesses the climate adaptation response in the Cayman Islands. Despite its strong economic status and several developments in the areas of Planning, Environment and Tourism, alongside a draft Climate Change Policy, the study reveals a focus on symbolic policies and a lack of adopted “concrete” climate change adaptation policies. Although the draft National Climate Change Policy (2011) contains a comprehensive range of substantial policies, none has been formally adopted by the Cayman Islands Government. The practical implications of this situation in the face of climate change-related hazards are assessed in the context of Seven Mile Beach, the most heavily developed stretch of the Cayman Islands coast. Here, the prevailing response to shoreline change is stabilisation and, despite several opportunities to change the situation, recent policy developments have not stimulated changes in practice.
Population structure and genetic diversity of the threatened pygmy newt Triturus pygmaeus in a network of natural and artificial ponds
Authors: Albert Eva M. , García-Navas Vicente 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPond physical characteristics (connectivity, hydroperiod) have shown to be highly relevant in explaining species presence, reproductive success, and survival in breeding-pond amphibians. However, few studies have addressed the influence that these factors may have on the genetic variability of pond populations. We examined genetic variation at 11 microsatellite loci in Iberian endemic, the pygmy newt (Triturus pygmaeus), from 58 breeding ponds in the Doñana National Park (Andalusia), including both temporary ponds and artificially deepened ponds that remain wet during the whole year. Temporary ponds are located in the North part of the region where the surrounding habitat-wet meadows-facilitates the connectivity among populations, whereas the deepest ponds (‘zacallones’) are located in the southern edge embedded in a matrix of unsuitable habitat (thickets and dry underbrush). We investigated genetic diversity and structure within and among ponds. Our results show that both regions (Doñana-North and Doñana-South) are well-differentiated and form two main clusters. We found higher genetic diversity within ponds from the North region, which also exhibited a higher degree of genetic admixture in comparison with populations from the southern edge. Although we found an isolation-by-distance pattern within each cluster, it arose due to the effect of a few isolated ponds located on the edge of each zone, suggesting the existence of substantial gene flow between ponds in the core area. According to our findings, landscape’s permeability to movement (pond connectivity) may constitute a more important factor than hydroperiod length in determining the genetic diversity and viability of pygmy newt populations in this area. Although Doñana populations show a good state, more peripheral and isolated populations present a more worrisome condition as a result of fragmentation and thus, require conservation efforts. Our study provides key insights that could help guide management practices of this threatened and poorly-studied salamander.
Ablation index-guided cavotricuspid isthmus ablation with contiguous lesions using fluoroscopy integrated 3D mapping in atrial flutter
Authors: Sakama Susumu , Yagishita Atsuhiko , Sakai Tetsuri , Morise Masahiro , Ayabe Kengo , Amino Mari , Ikari Yuji , Yoshioka Koichiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The feasibility and safety of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation with contiguous lesions using ablation index (AI) under the guidance of fluoroscopy integrated 3D mapping (CARTO UNIVU/CU) in typical atrial flutter (AFL) remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of AI-guided CTI ablation with contiguous lesions in patients with AFL.

Methods
In this single-center, prospective, non-randomized, single-arm, observational study, procedural outcomes were determined in 151 patients undergoing AI-guided CTI ablation (AI group) with a target AI value of 450 and an interlesion distance of ≤ 4 mm under CU guidance. These outcomes were compared with those of 30 patients undergoing non-AI-guided ablation (non-AI group).

Results
Among 151 patients, first-pass conduction block was achieved in 120 (80%) patients in the AI group (67% in the non-AI group, P = 0.152) with a shorter fluoroscopy time of 0.2 ± 0.4 min (1.7 ± 2.0 min in the non-AI group, P < 0.001). Conduction gaps were located at the atrial aspects near the inferior vena cava in 24 of 31 (78%) patients without first-pass conduction block. The AI group received 11 ± 5 (12 ± 4 in the non-AI group, P = 0.098) radiofrequency (RF) applications, and the RF time was 4.2 ± 2.4 (5.1 ± 2.5 min in the non-AI group, P = 0.011). Despite the occurrence of steam pop in 3 (2%) patients, none of them developed cardiac tamponade. No patients had recurrence within 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
AI-guided CTI ablation in combination with CU was feasible and effective in reducing radiation exposure in patients with AFL.
Partitioned hybrid learning of Bayesian network structures
Authors: Huang Jireh , Zhou Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe develop a novel hybrid method for Bayesian network structure learning called partitioned hybrid greedy search (pHGS), composed of three distinct yet compatible new algorithms: Partitioned PC (pPC) accelerates skeleton learning via a divide-and-conquer strategy, p-value adjacency thresholding (PATH) effectively accomplishes parameter tuning with a single execution, and hybrid greedy initialization (HGI) maximally utilizes constraint-based information to obtain a high-scoring and well-performing initial graph for greedy search. We establish structure learning consistency of our algorithms in the large-sample limit, and empirically validate our methods individually and collectively through extensive numerical comparisons. The combined merits of pPC and PATH achieve significant computational reductions compared to the PC algorithm without sacrificing the accuracy of estimated structures, and our generally applicable HGI strategy reliably improves the estimation structural accuracy of popular hybrid algorithms with negligible additional computational expense. Our empirical results demonstrate the competitive empirical performance of pHGS against many state-of-the-art structure learning algorithms.
Local Explanations via Necessity and Sufficiency: Unifying Theory and Practice
Authors: Watson David S. , Gultchin Limor , Taly Ankur , Floridi Luciano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNecessity and sufficiency are the building blocks of all successful explanations. Yet despite their importance, these notions have been conceptually underdeveloped and inconsistently applied in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), a fast-growing research area that is so far lacking in firm theoretical foundations. In this article, an expanded version of a paper originally presented at the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (Watson et al., 2021), we attempt to fill this gap. Building on work in logic, probability, and causality, we establish the central role of necessity and sufficiency in XAI, unifying seemingly disparate methods in a single formal framework. We propose a novel formulation of these concepts, and demonstrate its advantages over leading alternatives. We present a sound and complete algorithm for computing explanatory factors with respect to a given context and set of agentive preferences, allowing users to identify necessary and sufficient conditions for desired outcomes at minimal cost. Experiments on real and simulated data confirm our method’s competitive performance against state of the art XAI tools on a diverse array of tasks.
Translational Modeling Identifies Synergy between Nanoparticle-Delivered miRNA-22 and Standard-of-Care Drugs in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Dogra Prashant , Ramírez Javier Ruiz , Butner Joseph D. , Peláez Maria J. , Chung Caroline , Hooda-Nehra Anupama , Pasqualini Renata , Arap Wadih , Cristini Vittorio , Calin George A. , Ozpolat Bulent , Wang Zhihui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Downregulation of miRNA-22 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with upregulation of eukaryotic elongation 2 factor kinase (eEF2K) protein, which regulates tumor growth, chemoresistance, and tumor immunosurveillance. Moreover, exogenous administration of miRNA-22, loaded in nanoparticles to prevent degradation and improve tumor delivery (termed miRNA-22 nanotherapy), to suppress eEF2K production has shown potential as an investigational therapeutic agent in vivo.

Methods
To evaluate the translational potential of miRNA-22 nanotherapy, we developed a multiscale mechanistic model, calibrated to published in vivo data and extrapolated to the human scale, to describe and quantify the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of miRNA-22 in virtual patient populations.

Results
Our analysis revealed the dose-response relationship, suggested optimal treatment frequency for miRNA-22 nanotherapy, and highlighted key determinants of therapy response, from which combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors was identified as a candidate strategy for improving treatment outcomes. More importantly, drug synergy was identified between miRNA-22 and standard-of-care drugs against TNBC, providing a basis for rational therapeutic combinations for improved response

Conclusions
The present study highlights the translational potential of miRNA-22 nanotherapy for TNBC in combination with standard-of-care drugs.
Development of a practical aggregate spatial road freight modal demand model system for truck and commodity movements with an application of a distance-based charging regime
Authors: Hensher David A. , Wei Edward , Liu Wen , Ho Loan , Ho Chinh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe promote a view that more attention should be given to the freight sector in order to recognise that many initiatives designed to impact on passenger travel do also impact on the performance of the movement of freight vehicles and hence the ability to distribute commodities from the locations in which they are generated. This paper develops a practical freight demand model system and applies the models within an integrated passenger and freight model system for the Greater Sydney Metropolitan Area using a distance based charge for trucks and cars as a way of highlighting the importance of not ignoring truck traffic when assessing road pricing reform in the car passenger sector.
Associations of Mediterranean diet with psychological ill-being and well-being throughout the pregnancy course: The GESTAFIT project
Authors: Flor-Alemany Marta , Baena-García Laura , Migueles Jairo H. , Henriksson Pontus , Löf Marie , Aparicio Virginia A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The relation between diet and maternal mental health during pregnancy might be relevant to prevent adverse materno-foetal outcomes. This study examined the association of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and MD components with mental health during pregnancy.

Methods
This secondary analysis of the GESTAFIT trial included longitudinal data from 152 pregnant women. Dietary habits were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, and MD adherence was derived from it using the Mediterranean Food pattern. Psychological ill-being (i.e., negative affect, anxiety, and depression) and well-being (i.e., emotional intelligence, resilience, positive affect) were assessed with the Spanish version of well-established self-reported questionnaires. Cross-sectional (16th gestational week [g.w.]) and longitudinal associations (34th g.w.) between MD and mental health were studied using linear regression models.

Results
A greater MD adherence was inversely associated with negative affect and anxiety; and positively associated with emotional regulation, resilience and positive affect at the 16th and 34th g.w. (|β| ranging from 0.179 to 0.325, all p < 0.05). Additionally, a higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, fish, olive oil and nuts, and a lower intake of red meat and subproducts and sweets were associated with lower negative affect, anxiety, depression and higher emotional regulation, resilience and positive affect throughout gestation (|β| ranging from 0.168 to 0.415, all p < 0.05).

Conclusion
A higher intake of whole grain cereals, fruits, vegetables, fish, olive oil and nuts, together with a lower intake of red meat and sweets, resulted in a higher MD adherence, which was associated with a better mental health during pregnancy.
Health Impact of Street Sweeps from the Perspective of Healthcare Providers
Authors: Qi Diane , Abri Kamran , Mukherjee M. Rani , Rosenwohl-Mack Amy , Khoeur Lina , Barnard Lily , Knight Kelly Ray 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Homeless street sweeps are frequent operations in many cities in the USA in which government agencies move unhoused people living in public outdoor areas. Little research exists on the health impact of street sweeps operations.

Objective
This study was created at the request of community advocacy groups to investigate and document the health impacts of street sweeps from the perspective of healthcare providers.

Design
This is a qualitative study using data gathered from open-ended questions.

Participants
We recruited 39 healthcare providers who provided health and wellness services in San Francisco for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) between January 2018 and January 2020.

Interventions
We administered a qualitative, open-ended questionnaire to healthcare providers using Qualtrics surveying their perspectives on the health impact of street sweeps.

Approach
We conducted qualitative thematic analysis on questionnaire results.

Key Results
Street sweeps may negatively impact health through two outcomes. The first outcome is material loss, including belongings and medical items. The second outcome is instability, including geographic displacement, community fragmentation, and loss to follow-up. These outcomes may contribute to less effective management of chronic health conditions, infectious diseases, and substance use disorders, and may increase physical injuries and worsen mental health. Providers also reported that sweeps may negatively impact the healthcare system by promoting increased usage of emergency departments and inpatient hospital care.

Conclusions
Sweeps may have several negative consequences for the physical and mental health of the PEH community and for the healthcare system.
Coronary Artery Disease in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: a Review
Authors: Poledniczek Michael H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGranulomatosis with polyangiitis is an immunologically mediated small to medium vessel vasculitis associated with the formation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Advances in immunosuppressive therapy have expanded patients’ life expectancy in recent decades and have required an expansion of clinical attention to include management of chronic disease manifestations and long-term comorbidities. Though the heart and coronary arteries specifically are typically not primarily affected in GPA, studies have shown that patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. In many patients, metabolic risk factors promoting the formation of atherosclerotic plaques are not sufficiently controlled or screened for and potentially exacerbated by undesired treatment effects. This review aims to provide clinical physicians with an overview of the current literature on epidemiology, pathophysiology and prevention of coronary artery disease in the context of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and help to identify and lower the risk of cardiovascular events in this high-risk population.
Multi-agent reinforcement learning for cooperative lane changing of connected and autonomous vehicles in mixed traffic
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Dong , Yan Jun , Li Zhaojian , Yin Huilin , Ge Wanchen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutonomous driving has attracted significant research interests in the past two decades as it offers many potential benefits, including releasing drivers from exhausting driving and mitigating traffic congestion, among others. Despite promising progress, lane-changing remains a great challenge for autonomous vehicles (AV), especially in mixed and dynamic traffic scenarios. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely explored for lane-changing decision makings in AVs with encouraging results demonstrated. However, the majority of those studies are focused on a single-vehicle setting, and lane-changing in the context of multiple AVs coexisting with human-driven vehicles (HDVs) have received scarce attention. In this paper, we formulate the lane-changing decision-making of multiple AVs in a mixed-traffic highway environment as a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem, where each AV makes lane-changing decisions based on the motions of both neighboring AVs and HDVs. Specifically, a multi-agent advantage actor-critic (MA2C) method is proposed with a novel local reward design and a parameter sharing scheme. In particular, a multi-objective reward function is designed to incorporate fuel efficiency, driving comfort, and the safety of autonomous driving. A comprehensive experimental study is made that our proposed MARL framework consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art benchmarks in terms of efficiency, safety, and driver comfort.
Resisting Marriage, Reclaiming Right: An (Early) Modern Critique of Marriage
Authors: EMMETT KELIN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModerata Fonte's dialogueThe Worth of Women(1600) contains stinging critiques of marriage and the dowry system as well as of women's inequality. I argue that Fonte's critique of male dominance, particularly in marriage, employs a modern method of argument, which anticipates the later contractarian critiques of political authority. Given that women are naturally men's equals, Fonte argues that men's de facto authority over women is illegitimate and based on force. Moreover, by treating marriage as an artificial institution rather than as a natural institution, Fonte anticipates later feminist arguments that criticize the modern contract tradition for its failure to extend its critique of other forms of authority to patriarchal marriage, instead positing a natural basis for women's subordination to men. In light of this history, Fonte's critique of patriarchy is especially interesting: it challenges the patriarchal family structure and the institutions that collude to diminish women's agency, and this challenge to male authority is similar to later (male) challenges to de facto political authority.
The accuracy of fully automated algorithms for surveillance of healthcare-onset Clostridioides difficile infections in hospitalized patients
Authors: van der Werff Suzanne Desirée , Fritzing Mikael , Tanushi Hideyuki , Henriksson Aron , Dalianis Hercules , Ternhag Anders , Färnert Anna , Nauclér Pontus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We developed and validated a set of fully automated surveillance algorithms for healthcare-onset CDI using electronic health records. In a validation data set of 750 manually annotated admissions, the algorithm based on International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code A04.7 had insufficient sensitivity. Algorithms based on microbiological test results with or without addition of symptoms performed well.
Can Robots Understand Welfare? Exploring Machine Bureaucracies in Welfare-to-Work
Authors: CONSIDINE MARK , MCGANN MICHAEL , BALL SARAH , NGUYEN PHUC 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe exercise of administrative discretion by street-level workers plays a key role in shaping citizens’ access to welfare and employment services. Governance reforms of social services delivery, such as performance-based contracting, have often been driven by attempts to discipline this discretion. In several countries, these forms of market governance are now being eclipsed by new modes of digital governance that seek to reshape the delivery of services using algorithms and machine learning. Australia, a pioneer of marketisation, is one example, proposing to deploy digitalisation to fully automate most of its employment services rather than as a supplement to face-to-face case management. We examine the potential and limits of this project to replace human-to-human with ‘machine bureaucracies’. To what extent are welfare and employment services amenable to digitalisation? What trade-offs are involved? In addressing these questions, we consider the purported benefits of machine bureaucracies in achieving higher levels of efficiency, accountability, and consistency in policy delivery. While recognising the potential benefits of machine bureaucracies for both governments and jobseekers, we argue that trade-offs will be faced between enhancing the efficiency and consistency of services and ensuring that services remain accessible and responsive to highly personalised circumstances.
Submitral aneurysm communicating with coronary sinus in a child
Authors: Méot Mathilde , Bajolle Fanny , Bonnet Damien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA newborn girl was referred for a suspected abnormal pulmonary venous return in coronary sinus. Echocardiogram revealed a large outpouching of the left ventricle creating an accessory cardiac chamber that was connected to the left ventricle behind the mural leaflet of the mitral valve, and with the right atrium via the coronary sinus. Ten years later, the orifice between the submitral aneurysm and the left ventricle was closed percutaneously.
Sweetpotato tolerance and Palmer amaranth control with indaziflam
Authors: Smith Stephen C. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Jordan David L. , Reberg-Horton S. Chris , Schwarz Michael R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractField studies were conducted in North Carolina in 2018 and 2019 to determine sweetpotato tolerance to indaziflam and its effectiveness in controlling Palmer amaranth in sweetpotato. Treatments included indaziflam pre-transplant; 7 d after transplanting (DATr) or 14 DATr at 29, 44, 58, or 73 g ai ha−1; and checks (weedy and weed-free). Indaziflam applied postemergence caused transient foliar injury to sweetpotato. Indaziflam pretransplant caused less injury to sweetpotato than other application timings regardless of rate. Palmer amaranth control was greatest when indaziflam was applied pretransplant or 7 DATr. In a weed-free environment, sweetpotato marketable yield decreased as indaziflam application was delayed. No differences in storage root length to width ratio were observed.