bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fallacy of “there are no candidates”: Institutional pathways of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino doctorate earners
Authors: Fleming Gabriella Coloyan , Patrick Anita D. , Grote Dustin , Denton Maya , Knight David , Lee Walter , Borrego Maura , Murzi Homero 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite many initiatives to improve graduate student and faculty diversity in engineering, there has been little or no change in the percentage of people from racially minoritized backgrounds in either of these groups.Purpose/HypothesisThe purpose of this paper is to counter the scarcity fallacy, in which institutions blame the “shortage” of qualified people from traditionally marginalized backgrounds for their own lack of representation, related to prospective PhD students and prospective faculty from traditionally marginalized groups. This study identifies the BS‐to‐PhD and PhD‐to‐tenure‐track‐faculty institutional pathways of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino engineering doctorate recipients.Design/MethodUsing the US Survey of Earned Doctorates, we tracked the BS‐to‐PhD institutional pathways of 3952 Black/African American and 5732 Hispanic/Latino engineering PhD graduates. We also used the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to track the PhD‐to‐tenure‐track faculty pathways of 104 Black/African American and 211 Hispanic/Latino faculty.ResultsThe majority of Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino PhD graduates in this study did not earn their BS degrees from Top 25 institutions, but rather from Not Top 25, non‐US, and minority‐serving institutions. The results also show the relatively small proportion of PhD earners and faculty members who move into highly ranked institutions after earning a bachelor's degree from outside this set of institutions.ConclusionsThe findings of this study have important implications for graduate student and faculty recruitment by illustrating that recruitment from a narrow range of institutions (i.e., Top 25 institutions) is unlikely to result in increased diversity among racially minoritized PhDs and faculty in engineering.
Risk attitudes and asset diversification: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Asuming Patrick Opoku 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAttitudes toward risk influence an individual's decision‐making with significant implications for economic outcomes and yet there is limited understanding of the relationship between risk attitude and economic decision‐making in developing countries. This paper estimates the influence of risk aversion on asset diversification using data from a large nationally representative sample of Ghanaian households. The results show weak association between risk aversion and asset diversification. Furthermore, relatively stronger positive associations are found for rural compared with urban households, but these positive associations disappear after controlling for locality fixed effects. These findings highlight the importance of addressing rural–urban disparities.
In vivo electrochemical lipolysis of fat in a Yucatan pig model: A proof of concept study
Authors: Park Asher C. , Chan Carmen K. , Hutchison Dana M. , Patel Urja , Hong Ellen M. , Steward Earl , Dilley Katelyn K. , Sterritt Naya L. , Kim Sehwan , Hill Michael G. , You Joon S. , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTraditional fat contouring is now regularly performed using numerous office‐based less invasive techniques. However, some limitations of these minimally invasive techniques include high cost or limited selectivity with performing localized contouring and reduction of fat. These shortcomings may potentially be addressed by electrochemical lipolysis (ECLL), a novel approach that involves the insertion of electrodes into tissue followed by application of a direct current (DC) electrical potential. This results in the hydrolysis of tissue water creating active species that lead to fat necrosis and apoptosis. ECLL can be accomplished using a simple voltage‐driven system (V‐ECLL) or a potential‐driven feedback cell (P‐ECLL) both leading to water electrolysis and the creation of acid and base in situ. The aim of this study is to determine the long‐lasting effects of targeted ECLL in a Yucatan pig model.MethodsA 5‐year‐old Yucatan pig was treated with both V‐ECLL and P‐ECLL in the subcutaneous fat layer using 80:20 platinum:iridium needle electrodes along an 8 cm length. Dosimetry parameters included 5 V V‐ECLL for 5, 10, and 20 minutes, and −1.5 V P‐ECLL, −2.5 V P‐ECLL, −3.5 V P‐ECLL for 5 minutes. The pig was assessed for changes in fat reduction over 3 months with digital photography and ultrasound. After euthanasia, tissue sections were harvested and gross pathology and histology were examined.ResultsV‐ECLL and P‐ECLL treatments led to visible fat reduction (12.1%–27.7% and 9.4%–40.8%, respectively) and contour changes across several parameters. An increased reduction of the superficial fat layer occurred with increased dosimetry parameters with an average charge transfer of 12.5, 24.3, and 47.5 C transferred for 5 V V‐ECLL for 5, 10, and 20 minutes, respectively, and 2.0, 11.5, and 24.0 C for −1.5 V P‐ECLL, −2.5 V P‐ECLL, −3.5 V P‐ECLL for 5 minutes, respectively. These dose‐dependent changes were also evidenced by digital photography, gross pathology, ultrasound imaging, and histology.ConclusionsECLL results in selective damage and long‐lasting changes to the adipose layer in vivo. These changes are dose‐dependent, thus allowing for more precise contouring of target areas. P‐ECLL has greater efficiency and control of total charge transfer compared to V‐ECLL, suggesting that a low‐voltage potentiostat treatment can result in fat apoptosis equivalent to a high‐voltage DC system.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Binglei , Wang Carol Chunfeng , Lee Khui Hung , Xia Jianhong Cecilia , Luo Zongting 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcupuncture is widely accepted as a therapeutic option for managing depression. However, evidence from clinical trials remains controversial. This review aims to synthesize the best available evidence on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in managing depression. The review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis) guidelines. Five databases and the relevant trial registries were searched from the inception to October 2021. Randomized clinical trials of acupuncture for managing depression, published in English, were selected for inclusion. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Netmeta and dmetar of R packages were used to conduct a network meta‐analysis. Twenty‐two trials with 2391 participants were eligible and included in the analysis. This review found evidence that electroacupuncture (EA) plus antidepressant achieved superior outcomes compared with the waitlist (standardized mean difference = −8.86, 95% confidence interval: −14.78 to −2.93). The treatment ranking of different interventions in improving depression symptoms indicated that EA plus antidepressant with a probability of 0.8294, followed by manual acupuncture (MA) plus antidepressant (0.6470) and MA (0.5232). Acupuncture, either in isolation or as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment, has clinical benefits and can be considered a safe option for managing depression.
Polyurethane vitrimers: Chemistry, properties and applications
Authors: Tao Yue , Liang Xiangyu , Zhang Jun , Lei Iek Man , Liu Ji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThermosetting polyurethanes (PUs) are ubiquitous in our daily life due to their low cost and attractive properties, such as mechanical robustness, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. However, thermosetting PUs are challenged by their intrinsic non‐recyclability. Due to the chemically cross‐linked network structures, reprocessability, and controllable degradation of thermosetting PUs are difficult to achieve, tremendous pollution and waste were generated each year. A promising strategy is to introduce “vitrimer” chemistry to the design of thermosetting PUs. Intriguing opportunities, offered by the integration of vitrimers and thermosetting PUs, have enabled the design of high‐performance PU materials with exclusive performances, including shape memory, self‐healability, degradability, recyclability and reprocessability. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancement in the research on PU vitrimers. First, the classification of reversible covalent chemistry and the preparation of PU vitrimers are discussed. Second, the unique properties of PU vitrimers enabled by the dynamic covalent bonds are reviewed, including shape memory, self‐healability, recyclability, reprocessability, adhesion, degradability, and weldability. Potential applications enabled by this intriguing performance are subsequently discussed. Afterwards, we present our perspectives on the challenges that are yet to be addressed for transforming PU vitrimers into high‐performance yet recyclable polymer materials.
Biopolymers for packaging applications: An overview
Authors: Juikar Subodh K. , Warkar Sudhir G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiopolymers are fourth generation packaging materials. Due to the shortcomings of the petrochemical‐based polymers and their threat to the environment, biopolymers are seen as the sustainable substitute for traditional synthetic polymers and have attracted the researchers towards the development of biopolymer‐based packaging materials. However, biopolymers suffer from flaws like inferior mechanical strength and thermal stability, which poses its inability to use at industrial scale. The recent studies thus highlighted the different modification methods such as reactive or nonreactive compatibilisation to conquer such issues. The present article recapitulates the various biopolymers developed in the recent past, modification methods for their processing and their packaging applications.
Recognizing vaccine wastage in Georgia
Authors: Aladashvili Giorgi , Nebieridze Anano , Pkhakadze Giorgi , Nadareishvili Ilia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 vaccination program in the country of Georgia began on March 15, 2021, and reached its peak in the summer of 2021. Throughout the process, individuals had access to over 5.3 million doses of COVID‐19 vaccines which were acquired from various sources as reported by the National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC). Factors such as widespread vaccine hesitancy and low demand led to reduced vaccine uptake, low vaccination rates, and vaccine wastage. As of August 2022, a total of 2,922,000 doses have been administered with less than 35% of the Georgian population, or 1,276,000 people, fully vaccinated with at least two doses. Over 400,000 doses have expired at NCDC's storage facilities due to low demand. Many more doses have been wasted at administration points, and there is a risk of wasting more in the future. The key reasons for wastage are widespread public hesitancy toward the newly developed vaccines, inconsistent policies and communication from government officials, rampant disinformation, and ambiguity from influential bodies in Georgian society. Despite certain limitations, logistics is not among the leading causes of wastage, as Georgia was able to develop a strong cold‐chain and vaccine administration infrastructure through years of international cooperation that allowed for efficient management of the COVID‐19 vaccination process. Lastly, in addition to establishing a robust reporting system and ensuring transparency of vaccine wastage data, relevant studies based on original data are required to better understand the problem. Conducting studies on health literacy in the country as a baseline for long‐term interventions, as well as research that will increasingly evidence‐inform further pandemic response are being recommended.
Dynamic event‐triggered networked predictive control for discrete‐time NCSs under deception attacks
Authors: Wu Zhiying , Wang Zhe , Wang Yan , Xiong Junlin , Xie Min 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis paper investigates the dynamic event‐triggered predictive control problem for discrete‐time networked control systems under deception attacks. A new dynamic event‐triggered scheme is proposed for discrete‐time networked predictive control systems to reduce the data transmission. The feature of the dynamic event‐triggered scheme is that the triggering threshold is adjusted dynamically. The Luenberger observer is provided to estimate the output measurements. The networked predictive control method is used to compensate for the time delay. Next, by using the piecewise linear model and the augmented model methods, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the mean square asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop systems, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated via a buck DC‐DC converter system.
1,3‐Diynes: A Versatile Precursor in Transition‐Metal Catalyzed (Mediated) C−H Functionalizations
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Sabbi Tharun , Pingale Rasika , Girase Pradeep , Kanchupalli Vinaykumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of diverse arenes with alkyne units has attracted enormous attention for decades since they provide straightforward access to various functionalization/annulations, which are commonly present in bioactive compounds and natural products. Recently, conjugated alkynes (1,3‐diynes) have been utilized as key coupling partner in many C−H activation reactions due to their versatile characteristic properties. The presence of two C≡C bonds in conjugated 1,3‐diyne brings the new diversity in synthetic transformations, such as chemo‐, regioselective pathways, mono‐bis functionalizations, cascade annulations, etc. Herein, we summarized the latest developments in the realm of transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalizations of diverse arenes with 1,3‐diynes. Moreover, we highlighted the diverse transformations, conditions, mechanisms and applications of the corresponding reaction in detail.
Digitisation and Low-Carbon Energy Transitions
Authors: Müller Katja , Sareen Siddharth 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe world is digitising as the need for low-carbon transitions gains urgency. This chapter introduces the emergent linkages between digitisation and decarbonisation—the twin transition. Important for grid stability, the twin transition is needed for greenhouse gas emission reduction, yet its energy efficiency is debatable. Rebound effects and data generation for and within the twin transition are critical issues that surface within socio-technical and political economic contexts. The chapter pulls together insights on situating digitisation and on realising imaginaries of the twin transition, articulating the value of conceptualising low-carbon transitions with explicit attention to digitisation as a phenomenological element of infrastructural change. It provides an overview of chapters across these themes, and synthesis reflections on a research agenda for ethnographies of digitisation and energy transitions.
A New Reflexive Turn: Glitches, Carbon Footprints, and Streaming Videos in Visual Anthropology
Authors: DeAngelo Darcie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe global climate crisis demands an ethical account for the environmental costs of anthropology. Anthropologists who trouble the boundaries between art and anthropology often ignore the damage done by their mediums. Digital streaming accounts for one percent of global emissions. The increasing reliance on a nearly invisible media provokes a new reflexive turn. This chapter outlines reflexive media in anthropology and beyond. Following the call for ‘patchwork ethnography’ where ethnographers conduct slow fieldwork, glitchy visual anthropology can also decolonize the energy-consuming, anthropologist filmmaker as hero. There are multiple opportunities for visual anthropologists to conduct ethnographies of a new reflexive media—an anthropology that is not anti-aesthetic. Such a reflexive turn explores eco-conscious streaming as part and parcel of ethnographic art, method, and outcome.
Random Ocean Swell-Rays: A Stochastic Framework
Authors: Resseguier Valentin , Hascoët Erwan , Chapron Bertrand 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOriginating from distant storms, swell systems radiate across all ocean basins. Far from their sources, emerging surface waves have low steepness characteristics, with very slow amplitude variations. Swell propagation then closely follows principles of geometrical optics, i.e. the eikonal approximation to the wave equation, with a constant wave period along geodesics, when following a wave packet at its group velocity. The phase averaged evolution of quasi-linear wave fields is then dominated by interactions with underlying current and/or topography changes. Comparable to the propagation of light in a slowly varying medium, over many wavelengths, cumulative effects can lead to refraction, i.e. change of the direction of propagation of a given wave packet, so that it departs from its initial ray-propagation direction. This opens the possibility of using surface swell systems as probes to estimate turbulence along their propagating path.
Modified (Hyper-)Viscosity for Coarse-Resolution Ocean Models
Authors: Thiry Louis , Li Long , Mémin Etienne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present a simple parameterization for coarse-resolution ocean models. To replace computationally expensive high-resolution ocean models, we develop a computationally cheap parameterization for coarse-resolution models based solely on the modification of the viscosity term in advection equations. It is meant to reproduce the mean quantities like pressure, velocity, or vorticity computed from a high-resolution reference solution or using observations. We test this new parameterization on a double-gyre quasi-geostrophic model in the eddy-permitting regime. Our results show that the proposed scheme improves significantly the energy statistics and the intrinsic variability on the coarse mesh. This method shall serve as a deterministic basis model for coarse-resolution stochastic parameterizations in future works.
A Stochastic Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Type Equation
Authors: Dinvay Evgueni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsidered herein is a particular nonlinear dispersive stochastic equation. It was introduced recently in Dinvay and Mémin (Proc. R. Soc. A. 478:20220050, 2022), as a model describing surface water waves under location uncertainty. The corresponding noise term is introduced through a Hamiltonian formulation, which guarantees the energy conservation of the flow. Here the initial-value problem is studied.
Variational Stochastic Parameterisations and Their Applications to Primitive Equation Models
Authors: Hu Ruiao , Patching Stuart 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present a numerical investigation into the stochastic parameterisations of the Primitive Equations (PE) using the Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) and Stochastic Forcing by Lie Transport (SFLT) frameworks. These frameworks were chosen due to their structure-preserving introduction of stochasticity, which decomposes the transport velocity and fluid momentum into their drift and stochastic parts, respectively. In this paper, we develop a new calibration methodology to implement the momentum decomposition of SFLT and compare with the Lagrangian path methodology implemented for SALT. The resulting stochastic Primitive Equations are then integrated numerically using a modification of the FESOM2 code. For certain choices of the stochastic parameters, we show that SALT causes an increase in the eddy kinetic energy field and an improvement in the spatial spectrum. SFLT also shows improvements in these areas, though to a lesser extent. SALT does, however, have the drawback of an excessive downwards diffusion of temperature.
Die Zukunft des MINT-Lernens – Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Roth Jürgen , Eilerts Katja , Baum Michael , Hornung Gabriele , Trefzger Thomas 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Auftaktbeitrag zum Doppelband „Die Zukunft des MINT-Lernens“ werden von den Herausgebenden zentrale Aspekte der Diskussion über die Entwicklung des mathematischen, naturwissenschaftlichen und informatischen Unterrichts im Zeitalter der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung beleuchtet und wichtige Begriffe definiert. Er gibt einen Einblick in Facetten der 21st Century Skills, die für ein Leben in einer zunehmend digitalisierten Gesellschaft als nützlich oder gar notwendig erachtet werden und durch MINT-Unterricht gefördert werden können. Darüber hinaus wird auf Grundlage bekannter Modelle ein eigenes „Kompetenzmodell der Zukunft des MINT-Lernens für Lehrende“ präsentiert, das ausgehend vom vernetzten Professionswissen den Versuch unternimmt, die wesentlichen Facetten der Kompetenzen von Lehrpersonen und des Lehr-Lern-Prozesses abzubilden. Von hier aus wird der Bogen gespannt zu Definitionen für die Begriffe „digitale Technologien“, „digitale Werkzeuge“ und „digitale Lernumgebungen“. Es werden die Anwendung dieser digitalen Aspekte zur Förderung von Lernprozessen reflektiert und Qualitätskriterien sowie Ziele für deren Nutzung beschrieben. Auf dieser Grundlage wird abschließend ein Ausblick auf die Inhalte aller 22 weiteren Beiträge des Doppelbands gegeben.
Untersuchung von Usability und Design von Online-Lernplattformen am Beispiel des Video-Analysetools ViviAn
Authors: Scherb Christian Alexander , Rieger Marc , Roth Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie systematische Untersuchung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit (Usability) von Online-Lernplattformen stellt eine wichtige Voraussetzung dar, um die Erfahrungen, Probleme und Wünsche der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer angemessen einschätzen sowie bei der Gestaltung oder Weiterentwicklung des E-Learning-Angebots einbeziehen zu können. Dieses Kapitel zeigt am Beispiel der Online-Lernplattform ViviAn, wie das Vorhaben einer Usability-Evaluation gelingen kann. Das Nutzungsverhalten bei der Bearbeitung von Lerneinheiten wurde über einen mehrwöchigen Erhebungszeitraum mittels Matomo Analytics für 168 Studierende erfasst und quantifiziert. Ergänzend füllten die Teilnehmenden einen Fragebogen aus, in dem Einschätzungen zu verschiedenen Aspekten der Lernplattform erhoben wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Lernplattform überdurchschnittlich gut bewertet wird. Die Auswertung zeigt darüber hinaus, dass die Mehrheit der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer mit einer geeigneten Bildschirmauflösung gearbeitet und die neu hinzugefügten Funktionalitäten (z. B. Skalierbarkeit und Verschiebbarkeit von Fenstern und Menüs) auch genutzt haben. Im Zuge der Auswertung der Freitextantworten konnten weitere Usability-Probleme und Wünsche identifiziert werden, die im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung von ViviAn berücksichtigt werden, um einen – gemäß der Usability-Definition – noch effektiveren, effizienteren und zufriedenstellenderen Gebrauch der Plattform zu ermöglich.