bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the identification of the effect of education on health: a comment on Fonseca et al. (2020)
Authors: Albarrán Pedro , Hidalgo-Hidalgo Marisa , Iturbe-Ormaetxe Iñigo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this note we revisit the paper by Fonseca et al. (Series 11: 83-103, 2020) who find that education has a positive effect on health. They use several compulsory schooling reforms as instruments for education. Our objective is to replicate this causal finding, so we start by thoroughly discussing their identification strategy. In particular, we emphasize the importance of carefully defining birth cohort groups and using country-specific time trends. Once we take these issues into account, we show that the instrument they use is too weak.
HIV-1 and methamphetamine alter galectins -1, -3, and -9 in human monocyte-derived macrophages
Authors: Grabowska Kinga , Macur Katarzyna , Zieschang Sarah , Zaman Lubaba , Haverland Nicole , Schissel Andrew , Morsey Brenda , Fox Howard S. , Ciborowski Pawel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMacrophages are key elements of the innate immune system. Their HIV-1 infection is a complex process that involves multiple interacting factors and various steps and is further altered by exposure of infected cells to methamphetamine (Meth), a common drug of abuse in people living with HIV. This is reflected by dynamic changes in the intracellular and secreted proteomes of these cells. Quantification of these changes poses a challenge for experimental design and associated analytics. In this study, we measured the effect of Meth on expression of intracellular and secreted galectins-1, -3, and -9 in HIV-1 infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDM) using SWATH-MS, which was further followed by MRM targeted mass spectrometry validation. Cells were exposed to Meth either prior to or after infection. Our results are the first to perform comprehensive quantifications of galectins in primary hMDM cells during HIV-1 infection and Meth exposure a building foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular pathology of hMDM resulting from viral infection and a drug of abuse—Meth.
Genetic diversity and population structure of the Western European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus: conservation status of populations in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Araguas Rosa-Maria , Vidal Oriol , García Sergi , Sanz Núria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic habitat fragmentation and roadkill mortality are considered important threats to European hedgehogs. Habitat fragmentation isolates hedgehog populations and, as a consequence, reduces their genetic diversity and leads the populations to vulnerable situations. The hedgehog populations in the Iberian Peninsula represent the southern limit of the species. We used microsatellite markers to estimate the genetic diversity and population structure of Erinaceus europaeus on the Iberian Peninsula. The obtained results indicated the presence of two differentiated groups, north-western and north-eastern, which coincided with the distribution of the two phylogeographic mitochondrial lineages described in the Peninsula. Moreover, in the north-eastern group, three genetically different clusters (Girona, Central Catalonia and Zoo) were identified. The highest genetic diversity (Hs = 0.696) was detected in the north-western region. Significant genetic differentiation (FST range = 0.072–0.224) was found among the clusters, indicating that these groups are well differentiated and present low gene flow. We concluded that the north-western group is genetically stable, whereas in the north-eastern region, despite some contact among groups, some populations are isolated and vulnerable.
Simulation of an isolated system behavior at high RES penetration coupled with storage
Authors: Katsanevakis Athanasios , Konstantinidis Dimitris , Karagiannis Georgios , Ganias Athanasios , Karagiorgis George , Partasides George , Petrides Demetris , Ioannidou Maria , Delenta Maria-Eleni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to assess the overall benefits of applying electrical energy storage, especially to isolated grids, to harvest the underlying Renewable Energy Sources potential sustainably. One such case is Cyprus, where due to various technical constraints related to the isolated nature of the island’s electricity system, RES in the electricity sector can reach a maximum level assuming limited curtailments, as early as 2023–2024. To this end, simulations have been set up and run using the DISPA-SET tool to investigate the potential of new electricity storage facilities at effective accommodation of high Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) penetration, especially photovoltaics in the coming years. Results show that particularly in isolated grids, RET penetration has to be coupled with storage to avoid power curtailment and provide security to the whole system, reduce the energy not served and provide a long-term perspective for the decarbonaization in the electricity sector towards 2050 zero-emission targets.
Subjective memory complaints as a predictor of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Warren Samuel L. , Reid Edwina , Whitfield Paige , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile there is a multitude of studies on mild cognitive impairment (MCI; more than 80,000 articles), subjective memory complaints (SMC) have received less attention as a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD; less than 2000 articles). In this perspective review article, we argue that SMC should also be considered as another risk factor for the development of AD, and perhaps a pre-MCI condition. This recognition of SMC could help clinicians to identify individuals at risk of developing dementia and could provide protective treatment for them. Accordingly, in this perspective article, we review key studies that outline the nature of SMC, discuss how SMC is measured, explore SMC in MCI, introduce some approaches to SMC treatment, and we discuss future directions for SMC research. Overall, we argue that, like MCI, there should be more research on SMC as a risk factor for developing AD. Consequentially, we aim to highlight the need for further research on SMC and the condition’s role as a potential neuroprotector against AD (e.g., early-stage marker).
Sustaining the old world, or imagining a new one? The transformative literacies of the climate strikes
Authors: Bowman Benjamin , Germaine Chloé 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, we consider the climate strikes in the context of intergenerational narratives that de/limit young people’s political subjectivities and imaginaries concerning climate change. Considering the strikes alongside other youth-led responses to the crisis, we reconsider the question of young people’s climate change ‘literacy’ and posit that young people’s literacies are characteristically transformative. Despite their broadly transformative nature, however, the climate change literacies of young people remain bound up in a complex, adult-centred discursive framework that limits young people in various ways, including positioning them as objects of care or otherwise objectivising their activism. We advocate interdisciplinary thinking in support of creative and transformative pedagogies arising from and informed by the climate strikes, arguing that young people’s political subjectivities are indivisible from their cultural imaginaries. We advocate a step change in the way educators respond to the educational dimensions of climate strikes, as well as the educational opportunities this movement provides. Vitally, we include young people themselves in the category of educators and consider the ways the climate strikes represent an educational opportunity in which young people share, support and collaborate as educators and learners.
Legislation as a Social Process: Japanese Family Law and the Drafting of the Bill on the Hague Child Abduction Convention
Authors: Hamano Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen Japan signed the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, the government enacted a new act to deal with international parental child abduction according to the Convention in the same year. The Ministries of Justice and Foreign Affairs were immediately in charge of making a draft Bill. Once the government and respective ministries had instantly set up the legal and administrative procedure for dealing with international family issue under the Convention, as some studies argue, simultaneous issues of the family in separation in Japan were underdeveloped. Employing a method of content analysis of the record of policy debates by authorities, observing both diplomatic and domestic frames referred in the debate in contrast, this paper highlights this law-making process delivered and elucidated continuous consecutive inquiries about radical questions of the current Japanese family law regarding the wellbeing of the changing families and their children in contemporary Japan.
Family life and the demographic transition in MENA countries: implications for social policy
Authors: Gilbert Neil , Ben Brik Anis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper reviews recent demographic and familial changes in the Middle East and North African countries (MENA), which parallel the developments associated with the second demographic transition that has transformed population profiles and family life in the more developed OECD countries. The emerging needs for family-oriented policies are analysed in relation to these changes. And the current levels of social protection in the MENA region are assessed along with the recent measures initiated in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper offers evidence of the demographic transition underway in the region, as many countries are experiencing declining fertility rates combined with an increase in life expectancy, which creates a rising old age dependency ratio. This in turn adds an additional burden of elderly dependents on the working age population and on the state’s capacity to care for elderly dependents, which generates an increasing need to expand social protection in the MENA region.
Soliton solutions for a class of Schrödinger equations with a positive quasilinear term and critical growth
Authors: do Ó João Marcos , Gloss Elisandra , Severo Uberlandio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the following class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations proposed in plasma physics and nonlinear optics $-\Delta u+V(x)u+\frac {\kappa }{2}[\Delta (u^{2})]u=h(u)$ in the whole two-dimensional Euclidean space. We establish the existence and qualitative properties of standing wave solutions for a broader class of nonlinear terms $h(s)$ with the critical exponential growth. We apply the dual approach to obtain solutions in the usual Sobolev space $H^{1}(\mathbb {R}^{2})$ when the parameter $\kappa >0$ is sufficiently small. Minimax techniques, Trudinger–Moser inequality and the Nash–Moser iteration method play an essential role in establishing our results.
An isotopic proxy for nitrogen redistribution from Alnus acuminata to wheat intercrop
Authors: Ukozehasi Celestin , Griffiths Howard 
Published: February 2022

SummaryDirect belowground nitrogen (N) transfer has often been reported where plants with contrasting nutrients acquisition strategies (N2-fixing and non-fixing) co-occur, and there is still a gap in the knowledge of the extent of this transfer in the top soil under the field conditions. However, assessment under field conditions is challenging. We hypothesized a practical application of the analysis of natural abundance of δ15N supplemented with an isotopic mixing model ‘IsoSource’ to understand the relative direct contribution of N2-fixing Alnus acuminata to wheat intercrop (non-fixing) N isotopic signatures. A field experiment was conducted in an andic soil of high lands in northern Rwanda to quantitatively determine the proportional contribution of nitrogen by Alnus acuminata to wheat vegetative tissue isotope signatures at different distances from the trees (1 m, 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m). The study involved the measurements and analyses of natural abundance of stable isotopes δ15N and isotopic mixing modeling by IsoSource. Leaf samples were collected from twigs of 10 years old Alnus acuminata grown on the terrace-risers, along with soil samples (0–20 cm) and wheat flag leaf samples across terrace at 1 m, 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m from trees for isotopic measurement. The chlorophyll content index of wheat flag leaf at the four points across terrace was estimated by means of SPAD meter 502. The δ15N proportional contribution by Alnus acuminata to wheat was obtained through IsoSource analysis. We noted a significant (p < 0·01) gradient in depletion of wheat δ15N signatures moving further away from the tree line of Alnus acuminata. The wheat at 1 m from the trees exhibited the δ15N values closer to that of the tree, while at 7 m, the crop δ15N signature was significantly different from that of the tree. An isotopic mixing model ‘IsoSource’ indicated that the tree N may have provided 33·6 ± 4·3 % of the wheat intercrop N at 1 m distance from the trees. Therefore, this study shows that the understanding of field-based crop N and nutrient transfer in agroforestry may be enhanced by analysis of the physiological basis of stable isotopes signatures.
The Counter-Revolution's Patron: Rafael Trujillo versus Venezuela's Acción Democrática Governments, 1945–8
Authors: Moulton Aaron Coy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article uncovers the myriad ways Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo destabilised Venezuelan politics between 1945 and 1948, the period known as the Trienio Adeco. In contrast to works focused on Trujillo's personal animosity towards Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, this article argues that Trujillo sought to sabotage Venezuela's governments under Acción Democrática as part of his regional foreign policy targeting bastions of Dominican exiles, anti-Trujillo critics and democratic institutions. Trujillo financed an informal network of Venezuelan conspirators who produced propaganda and launched plots undermining the Adeco governments. With the 1948 military coup, Trujillo derailed democracy and gained a reliable ally in Latin America as those he had long backed entered influential posts and remained beholden to their former benefactor.
Contractualism, exclusionary reasons and the moral argument for theism
Authors: Rizzieri Aaron 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMoral reasons take precedence over non-moral reasons either by outweighing non-moral practical reasons, or by excluding such reasons. Several prominent defenders of the moral argument for theism have incorporated the outweighing thesis. They claim we have categorically binding moral duties only if we always have most reason to be ethical. Furthermore, we always have most reason to be ethical only if theism is true. On the contrary, I argue that the excluding reasons thesis is correct and that this undermines a key premise in moral arguments developed by C. Stephen Evans, C. Stephen Layman, and William Lane Craig.
Quaternion-based state-dependent differential Riccati equation for quadrotor drones: Regulation control problem in aerobatic flight
Authors: Nekoo Saeed Rafee , Acosta José Ángel , Ollero Anibal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe quaternion is a powerful and common tool to avoid singularity in rotational dynamics in three-dimensional (3D) space. Here it has been particularly used as an alternative to Euler angles and rotation matrix. The application of the quaternion is exercised in quadrotor modeling and control. It changes the dynamics and represents a singularity-free attitude model. Here for the first time (for the best knowledge of authors), the state-dependent differential Riccati equation (SDDRE) control has been implemented on the quaternion-based model of a quadcopter. The proposed control structure is capable of aerobatic flight, and the Pugachev’s Cobra maneuver is chosen to assess the capability of the quaternion-based SDDRE approach. The introduced control simulator is validated by comparison with conventional dynamics based on Euler angles, controlled using a proportional-derivative (PD) controller on a normal regulation flight. The simulator successfully performed the Cobra maneuver and also validated the proposed structure. The more precision in regulation along with lower energy consumption demonstrated the superiority of the introduced approach.
Mortuary dues in early sixteenth-century England
Authors: Cavill Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMortuaries were death duties owed to parish priests. The early sixteenth century was a pivotal moment in their long history. In 1529, an act of parliament significantly altered these dues. This article explores mortuary practices in the preceding decades. It examines what mortuaries were, who gave them, and what purpose they served. The importance of local custom is emphasised. The article reconsiders the modern view that mortuary dues were generally disliked. A more complex attitude explains both why mortuaries were reformed and why they would survive for centuries thereafter. Mortuary dues exemplify the symbiotic relationship between law and custom.
Strategies for old age and agency of the elderly in towns of the Low Countries in the Renaissance
Authors: Zuijderduijn Jaco , Overlaet Kim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContrary to what is sometimes assumed, the elderly in the distant past could not always rely on voluntary care. Therefore, some of them had to develop strategies to secure assistance during old age. We focus on towns in the Low Countries, where family ties were weak, and ageing individuals likely had to plan for old age. We show how members of the middling layers of society could use wills and retirement contracts to ensure care provided by both kin and non-kin, and also to secure living standards during their final years. By recording such contracts, the elderly remained in control of their lives, despite their advancing years.
Industriousness and its discontents: wages, workloads, and the mechanisation of papermaking, 1750–1820
Authors: Rosenband Leonard N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article considers how the capitalist practices and organisation of hand papermaking framed the coming of mechanised paper production during the Age of Revolutions. The lived experience of making paper by hand had been as tightly wrapped as the synchronised toil of its workers and the trade's wage system. Neither the ’industrial Enlightenment’ nor an ‘industrious revolution’ had transformed paper production. Instead, the papermaking machine drew on and unravelled a durable web of skilled toil, custom, compensation, worktime, and shopfloor relationships. In doing so, the inventor of this device, Nicolas-Louis Robert, imagined that it would offer the manufacturers unfettered sway over their shops; indeed, he privileged this purpose above efficiency and productivity. That mastery remained incomplete, however, as paper producers still required men who had mastered the trade's tacit knowledge about such matters as pulp, finish, and the proper weather for production.
Out of sight, out of mind? The proliferation of space debris and international law
Authors: Zannoni Diego 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe quantity of man-made space objects, ranging from abandoned launch vehicle stages to fragmentation debris, is remarkable. At the time, the drafters of the Outer Space Treaty did not (and perhaps could not) anticipate how great the problem of debris in outer space would one day become. As a result, they only drafted general provisions for the protection of the space environment which are generally deemed insufficient. This article aims to demonstrate that both general rules of international law and the UNCOPUOS Debris Mitigation Guidelines come to the rescue in addressing the space debris issue as they complement and complete the general obligations contained in the Outer Space Treaty. Particular attention is paid to anti-satellite weapon tests, which have catastrophic consequences in terms of creating debris but nonetheless continue to be carried out. Finally, it ascertains whether an obligation on states to actively remove their space debris exists.
Mini right axillary thoracotomy for congenital heart defect repair can become a safe surgical routine
Authors: Dodge-Khatami Jannika , Noor Rabia , Riggs Kyle W. , Dodge-Khatami Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:Owing to its obvious cosmetic appeal, minimal invasive repair of congenital heart defects (CHDs) through the mini right axillary thoracotomy is becoming routine in many centres. Besides cosmesis, and before becoming a new norm, it is important to establish its outcomes as safe compared to repairs through traditional median sternotomy.Methods:Between 2013 and 2021, 116 consecutive patients underwent defect repairs through mini right axillary thoracotomy. Patient, operative data, and hospital outcomes were compared to contemporary mini right axillary thoracotomy and sternotomy series.Results:There was no mortality or need for approach conversion (mean age 4.3 years, range 0.17–17, mean weight 18.6 kg, range 4.8–74.4) in 118 repairs for atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, partial atrioventricular canal with mitral cleft, scimitar syndrome, double-chambered right ventricle, cor triatriatum, and tricuspid valve repair. Protocol included on-table extubation, achieved in 97 children, with 23 outliers leading to 0.7 average hours of mechanical ventilation (range 0–66 hours), indwelling chest drain time of 2.6 days (range 1–9 days), intensive care stay of 1.8 days (range 1–10 days), and hospital stay of 3.9 days (range 2–18 days). Late revisions were required in one patient after scimitar repair for scimitar vein stenosis at 2 weeks, and in another for repair of superior caval vein stenosis after a Warden operation at 2 months; reoperations (5/116 = 4.3%) were successfully performed through the same mini right axillary incision.Conclusions:While providing obvious cosmetic advantages, the minimally invasive right axillary thoracotomy approach for the surgical repair of common CHDs yields excellent results and is safe compared to the benchmark median sternotomy approach.
The Law Library at the University of Edinburgh: a Criminal History, a Troublesome Future
Authors: McDonald SarahLouise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article, by SarahLouise McDonald, is an examination of the history and recent refurbishment of the Law Library located at the Old College campus at the University of Edinburgh. This article describes notable incidents in the history of the School of Law, and explores how these have combined to create a multifaceted identity for the Law Library. The author considers the challenges which library staff have faced during the latest upgrade to facilities and how this has affected daily operations. Finally, the effect of recent global events on the library's approach to service delivery is discussed, and opportunities for positive growth are identified amongst a complex landscape of resource purchasing and access.