bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence against transgender people in the United States: Field growth, data dilemmas, and knowledge gaps
Authors: Westbrook Laurel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractViolence against transgender people is a prevalent but understudied form of gender‐based violence. In recent years, this body of literature has expanded substantially. However, analysis of violence experienced by transgender people has been hampered by a shortage of good data. This article explores those data dilemmas and details what is and is not currently known about violence against transgender people in the United States. National surveys with sample sizes large enough to facilitate comparisons between transgender and cisgender respondents as well as attend to diversity with the category of transgender tend to not ask questions that count transgender respondents. Moreover, when they do, surveys often do not follow established best practices. Additionally, qualitative research on this topic is underfunded, resulting in small sample sizes with similar constraints. Therefore, although there is increased knowledge around rates of violence for transgender versus cisgender people, differences in risk related to gender and race, and intimate partner and sexual violence, this knowledge is flawed and does not cover the range of violence that transgender people experience. To better address this topic, data collection and analysis must be improved and scholars should attend to ways to prevent violence against transgender people.
Stroke of Other Determined Etiology: Results From the Nationwide Multicenter Stroke Registry
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Joon-Tae , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Beom Joon , Kang Jihoon , Lee Keon-Joo , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Jun , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Park Hong-Kyun , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Oh Mi Sun , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Choi Jay Chol , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Shin Dong-Ick , Yum Kyu Sun , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Sang-Hwa , Park Man-Seok , Choi Kang-Ho , Lee Juneyoung , Bae Hee-Joon 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Stroke of other determined etiology (OE) includes patients with an uncommon cause of stroke. We described the general characteristics, management, and outcomes of stroke in OE and its subgroups.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry, the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea-National Institutes of Health registry. We classified OE strokes into 10 subgroups according to the literature and their properties. Each OE subgroup was compared according to clinical characteristics, sex, age strata, lesion locations, and management. Moreover, 1-year composites of stroke and all-cause mortality were investigated according to the OE subgroups.

Results:
In total, 2119 patients with ischemic stroke with OE types (mean age, 55.6±16.2 years; male, 58%) were analyzed. In the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea-National Institutes of Health registry, patients with OE accounted for 2.8% of all patients with stroke. The most common subtypes were arterial dissection (39.1%), cancer-related coagulopathy (17.3%), and intrinsic diseases of the arterial wall (16.7%). Overall, strokes of OE were more common in men than in women (58% versus 42%). Arterial dissection, intrinsic diseases of the arterial wall and stroke associated with migraine and drugs were more likely to occur at a young age, while disorders of platelets and the hemostatic system, cancer-related coagulopathy, infectious diseases, and hypoperfusion syndromes were more frequent at an old age. The composite of stroke and all-cause mortality within 1 year most frequently occurred in cancer-related coagulopathy, with an event rate of 71.8%, but least frequently occurred in stroke associated with migraine and drugs and arterial dissection, with event rates of 0% and 7.2%, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study presents the different characteristics, demographic findings, lesion locations, and outcomes of OE and its subtypes. It is characterized by a high proportion of arterial dissection, high mortality risk in cancer-related coagulopathy and an increasing annual frequency of cancer-related coagulopathy in patients with stroke of OE.
Emergence of Venous Stenosis as the Dominant Cause of Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Raz Eytan , Nossek Erez , Jethanamest Daniel , Narayan Vinayak , Ali Aryan , Sharashidze Vera , Becske Tibor , Nelson Peter K. , Shapiro Maksim 
Published: May 2022

Background
The role of arteriovenous shunts such as dural fistulas, arterial steno‐occlusive states, anatomic variants, and hypervascular tumors in the genesis of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) has long been recognized. On the venous side, diverticula, high‐riding jugular bulb, and sinus wall dehiscence have also been implicated. However, the overall most common cause—venous sinus stenosis (VSS)—continues to be underrecognized. Its clinical importance, separate from venous stenosis association with intracranial hypertension, also requires emphasis.

Methods
A retrospective review of the last consecutive 208 cases of PT seen at our institution was performed and cause determined, when possible, based on clinical and radiographic data.

Results
VSS was the common cause of PT (34% of overall cohort). Over 90% are women. Typical clinical presentation was a unilateral whoosh‐like sound in sync with heartbeat that could be completely or nearly completely abolished by ipsilateral jugular compression. This clinical scenario virtually guaranteed the presence of VSS, with very high sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values. About two thirds of patients with VSS also harbored other venous anatomic variations such as a high‐riding jugular bulb or sinus diverticulum, that should not be misinterpreted as the primary cause of PT. Most did not have signs or symptoms of intracranial hypertension, even though cerebrospinal fluid and venous pressures are frequently elevated.

Conclusions
VSS appears to be the most common identifiable cause of PT. Judicious attention to this finding can be immensely helpful in prompt and accurate diagnosis.
Investigation of Current and Super‐Bore 088″ Treatment Strategies of Soft and Stiff Clots at Internal Carotid Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Sites in an In Vitro Thrombectomy Model
Authors: Nogueira Raul G. , Thornton John , Connolly Kevin , Mullins Liam , Fitzgerald Seán 
Published: May 2022

Background
Various mechanical thrombectomy devices including stent retrievers (STRs), contact aspiration (CA) catheters, and balloon guide catheters (BGCs) are used in both isolation and combination for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. A new generation of Super‐Bore 088″ aspiration catheters are being trialed clinically. We evaluated the in vitro revascularization performance of current and novel thrombectomy approaches in treating soft (red blood cell–rich) and stiff (fibrin/platelet‐rich) clots at internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion sites.

Methods

National University of Ireland Galway Research Ethics Committee approved the study. Two human blood clot phenotypes were used to form ICA‐terminus (20‐mm) and MCA–M1 segment (10‐mm) occlusions in an in vitro thrombectomy model. Thrombectomy setups tested were
CA:
Millipede 088, SOFIA Plus+conventional guide catheter, SOFIA Plus+BGC and
C
ombination;
Millipede 088+STR, SOFIA Plus+BGC+STR, SOFIA Plus+conventional guide catheter+STR. Ten replicates of each experiment were performed totaling 120 tests. Revascularization endpoints were first‐pass effect, final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2c/3, and procedural‐related distal emboli.

Results
Millipede 088 CA achieved the highest first‐pass effect rate in ICA‐terminus (60%) and MCA–M1 segment (100%) occlusions and lowest number of procedural‐related distal emboli compared with all other device setups, followed by the combined Millipede 088+STR technique. Amongst the conventional techniques, higher first‐pass effect rates were observed with the combined technique using a BGC (40%) than 6F CA (20%) in ICA‐terminus occlusions whereas the reverse was seen in MCA–M1 segment occlusions, with 6F CA performing better than combined approaches (60% versus 50%). BGCs may provide a revascularization benefit in ICA‐terminus occlusions. Rates of first‐pass effect and final mTICI 2c/3 were better for stiff clots compared with soft clots for all treatment approaches at both occlusion sites.

Conclusion
Millipede 088 CA was the most effective technique for all clot types and occlusion locations. Across conventional techniques, CA seems to be more effective in MCA–M1 segment occlusions, while the combined technique performed better in ICA occlusions. Clot composition influences the success of each technique.
East Asian Production Networks Go Beyond the Gravity Prediction
Authors: Ando Mitsuyo , Kimura Fukunari , Yamanouchi Kenta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence that supports the continuing importance of machinery international production networks (IPNs) in East Asia. We first confirm their robustness and resilience, even during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the significance of East Asian countries as suppliers of machinery final products and parts and components for the world. Then, we demonstrate how deeply East Asian countries are committed to machinery IPNs by applying a gravity equation to pre-pandemic bilateral machinery trade and comparing actual values with fitted values of the estimated equation. The gravity estimation exercise indicates that machinery trade is basically regional—within Factory Asia, Factory North America, and Factory Europe—but Factory Asia also has strong inter-regional linkages. It also verifies that ASEAN has played an important role in Factory Asia, going far beyond the gravity prediction, for the development of machinery IPNs.
A New Methodology to Produce More Skillful United States Cool-Season Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Switanek Matthew B. , Hamill Thomas M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The water resources of the western United States have enormous agricultural and municipal demands. At the same time, droughts like the one enveloping the West in the summer of 2021 have disrupted supply of this strained and precious resource. Historically, seasonal forecasts of cool-season (November–March) precipitation from dynamical models such as North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) and the Seasonal Forecasting System 5 (SEAS5) from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts have lacked sufficient skill to aid in Western stakeholders’ and water managers’ decision-making. Here, we propose a new empirical–statistical framework to improve cool-season precipitation forecasts across the contiguous United States (CONUS). This newly developed framework is called the Statistical Climate Ensemble Forecast (SCEF) model. The SCEF framework applies a principal component regression model to predictors and predictands that have undergone dimensionality reduction, where the predictors are large-scale meteorological variables that have been prefiltered in space. The forecasts of the SCEF model captures 12.0% of the total CONUS-wide standardized observed variance over the period 1982/83–2019/20, whereas NMME captures 7.2%. Over the more recent period 2000/01–2019/20, the SCEF, NMME, and SEAS5 models respectively capture 11.8%, 4.0%, and 4.1% of the total CONUS-wide standardized observed variance. An important finding is that much of the improved skill in the SCEF, with respect to models such as NMME and SEAS5, can be attributed to better forecasts across most of the western United States.
On the Representation of Mediterranean Overflow Waters in Global Climate Models
Authors: Behr Lorine , Luther Niklas , Josey Simon A. , Luterbacher Jürg , Wagner Sebastian , Xoplaki Elena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Accurate representation of the Atlantic–Mediterranean exchange in climate models is important for a reliable simulation of the circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean. We evaluate the performance of 10 global climate models in representing Mediterranean Overflow Water (MOW) over the recent period 1986–2005 by using various performance metrics. The metrics are based on the representation of the climatological mean state and the spatiotemporal variability of temperature, salinity, and volume transports. On the basis of analyses and observations, we perform a model ranking by calculating absolute, relative, and total relative errors Ej over each performance metric and model. The majority of models simulate at least six metrics well. The equilibrium depth of the MOW, the mean Atlantic–Mediterranean exchange flow, and the dominant pattern of the MOW are represented reasonably well by most of the models. Of those models considered, MPI-ESM-MR, MPI-ESM-LR, CSIRO Mk3.6.0, and MRI-CGCM3 provide the best MOW representation (Ej = 0.14, 0.19, 0.19, and 0.25, respectively). They are thus likely to be the most suitable choices for studies of MOW-dependent processes. However, the models experience salinity, temperature, and transport biases and do not represent temporal variability accurately. The implications of our results for future model analysis of the Mediterranean Sea overflow are discussed.
Transition from Balanced to Unbalanced Motion in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Soares Saulo M. , Gille Sarah T. , Chereskin Teresa K. , Firing Eric , Hummon Jules , Rocha Cesar B. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Kinetic energy associated with inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) and other ageostrophic phenomena often overwhelms kinetic energy due to geostrophic motions for wavelengths on the order of tens of kilometers. Understanding the dependencies of the wavelength at which balanced (geostrophic) variability ceases to be larger than unbalanced variability is important for interpreting high-resolution altimetric data. This wavelength has been termed the transition scale. This study uses acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data along with auxiliary observations and a numerical model to investigate the transition scale in the eastern tropical Pacific and the mechanisms responsible for its regional and seasonal variations. One-dimensional kinetic energy wavenumber spectra are separated into rotational and divergent components, and subsequently into vortex and wave components. The divergent motions, most likely predominantly IGWs, account for most of the energy at wavelengths less than 100 km. The observed regional and seasonal patterns in the transition scale are consistent with those from a high-resolution global simulation. Observations, however, show weaker seasonality, with only modest wintertime increases in vortex energy. The ADCP-inferred IGW wavenumber spectra suggest that waves with near-inertial frequency dominate the unbalanced variability, while in model output, internal tides strongly influence the wavenumber spectrum. The ADCP-derived transition scales from the eastern tropical Pacific are typically in the 100–200-km range.
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on African Easterly Waves in a Wave-Following Framework
Authors: Lawton Quinton A. , Majumdar Sharanya J. , Dotterer Krista , Thorncroft Christopher , Schreck Carl J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While considerable attention has been given to how convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) influence the genesis of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Atlantic Ocean, less attention has been given to their direct influence on African easterly waves (AEWs). This study builds a climatology of AEW and CCKW passages from 1981 to 2019 using an AEW-following framework. Vertical and horizontal composites of these passages are developed and divided into categories based on AEW position and CCKW strength. Many of the relationships that have previously been found for TC genesis also hold true for non-developing AEWs. This includes an increase in convective coverage surrounding the AEW center in phase with the convectively enhanced (“active”) CCKW crest, as well as a buildup of relative vorticity from the lower to upper troposphere following this active crest. Additionally, a new finding is that CCKWs induce specific humidity anomalies around AEWs that are qualitatively similar to those of relative vorticity. These modifications to specific humidity are more pronounced when AEWs are at lower latitudes and interacting with stronger CCKWs. While the influence of CCKWs on AEWs is mostly transient and short lived, CCKWs do modify the AEW propagation speed and westward-filtered relative vorticity, indicating that they may have some longer-term influences on the AEW life cycle. Overall, this analysis provides a more comprehensive view of the AEW–CCKW relationship than has previously been established, and supports assertions by previous studies that CCKW-associated convection, specific humidity, and vorticity may modify the favorability of AEWs to TC genesis over the Atlantic.
Underdiagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis by ECG and echocardiography in cases of extracardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Ohira Hiroshi , Sato Takahiro , Manabe Osamu , Oyama-Manabe Noriko , Hayashishita Akiko , Nakaya Toshitaka , Nakamura Junichi , Suzuki Naoko , Sugimoto Ayako , Furuya Sho , Tsuneta Satonori , Watanabe Taku , Tsujino Ichizo , Konno Satoshi 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundAlthough screening with 12-lead electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography for cardiac involvement has been recommended for patients with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis has been reported even in patients with normal electrocardiography and echocardiography findings. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of these patient cohorts.MethodsWe studied 112 consecutive patients (age, 55±17 years, 64% females) with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis who had undergone18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for cardiac sarcoidosis evaluation. The patients were categorised as those showing normal findings both in electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography (normal group) and those showing abnormal findings in one or both examinations (abnormal group).Results33 (29%) and 79 (71%) patients were categorised into the normal and abnormal groups, respectively, of which 6 (18%) and 43 (54%) patients, respectively, were diagnosed with cardiac sarcoidosis (p<0.01). Of these six patients in the normal group, two with multiple-organ sarcoidosis showed clinical deterioration of cardiac involvement and required steroid therapy; three with small cardiac involvement showed natural remission over follow-up assessments; and one underwent steroid therapy and showed an improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction to within normal limits.ConclusionsThe prevalence of cardiac sarcoidosis in patients with biopsy-proven extracardiac sarcoidosis and normal electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography findings was ∼20%. Electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography may not detect cardiac sarcoidosis in patients without conduction and morphological abnormalities. However, some of these patients may subsequently show clinically manifested cardiac sarcoidosis. Physicians should be mindful of this population.
A global $$Anopheles\ gambiae$$ gene co-expression network constructed from hundreds of experimental conditions with missing values
Authors: Kuang Junyao , Buchon Nicolas , Michel Kristin , Scoglio Caterina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGene co-expression networks (GCNs) can be used to determine gene regulation and attribute gene function to biological processes. Different high throughput technologies, including one and two-channel microarrays and RNA-sequencing, allow evaluating thousands of gene expression data simultaneously, but these methodologies provide results that cannot be directly compared. Thus, it is complex to analyze co-expression relations between genes, especially when there are missing values arising for experimental reasons. Networks are a helpful tool for studying gene co-expression, where nodes represent genes and edges represent co-expression of pairs of genes.ResultsIn this paper, we establish a method for constructing a gene co-expression network for theAnopheles gambiaetranscriptome from 257 unique studies obtained with different methodologies and experimental designs. We introduce the sliding threshold approach to select node pairs with high Pearson correlation coefficients. The resulting network, which we name AgGCN1.0, is robust to random removal of conditions and has similar characteristics to small-world and scale-free networks. Analysis of network sub-graphs revealed that the core is largely comprised of genes that encode components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the ribosome, while different communities are enriched for genes involved in distinct biological processes.ConclusionAnalysis of the network reveals that both the architecture of the core sub-network and the network communities are based on gene function, supporting the power of the proposed method for GCN construction. Application of network science methodology reveals that the overall network structure is driven to maximize the integration of essential cellular functions, possibly allowing the flexibility to add novel functions.
Psychosocial factors related to physical activity in frail and prefrail elderly people
Authors: Jiménez-Zazo Fabio , Navarrete-Villanueva David , Gómez-Cabello Alba , Romero-Blanco Cristina , Cabanillas Esther , Pérez-Gómez Jorge , Calonge-Pascual Sergio , Ara Ignacio , Vicente-Rodríguez Germán , Aznar Susana 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Increased physical activity (PA) is a very important factor in a healthy aging lifestyle. Psychosocial factors have also a main role in the initiation and maintenance of this behavior, but nowadays its implications for frailty elderly people are unknown, therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the psychosociological variables of behavior change that influence the practice of (PA) in frail and prefrail elderly.

Methods
A total of 103 frail and pre-frail elderly people (72 females) participated in this cross-sectional study, on the framework of the EXERNET-Elder3.0 project. Age ranged from 68–94 years (mean = 80.4 ± 5.9 years). Individualized face-to-face interviews according to the constructs of the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) [(decisional balance (DB) and self-efficacy (SE)], social support (SS) (family and friends) and outcome expectations (OE) were administered to all participants.

Results
Significant differences were found in DB, perceived benefits (PBn), SE, family-related SS and OE as a function of stages of change (SoC) (p < 0.005), but no significant were found in perceived barriers (PBrr) (p = 0.259) and friends-related SS (p = 0.068). According to the Scheffé post-hoc test, those in advanced SoC (Action-Maintenance), scored higher than those in lower SoC (Precontemplation-Contemplation and Preparation).

Conclusion
The scores obtained from the study variables differed according to the SoC, supporting the external validity for the use of the TTM in frailty elderly. Further research is needed to determine the impact of PBrr and friends-related SS on this people, as well as to identify the validity of this model in the long-term in this population.