bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging advances in identifying signal transmission molecules involved in the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host
Authors: Wang Yue , Shi Qiyuan , Chen Qi , Zhou Xuebin , Yuan Huiling , Jia Xiwen , Liu Shuyuan , Li Qin , Ge Lijun 
Published: July 2022

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an ancient chronic infectious disease and is still the leading cause of death worldwide due to a single infectious disease. MTB can achieve immune escape by interacting with host cells through its special cell structure and secreting a variety of effector proteins. Innate immunity-related pattern recognition receptors (PPR receptors) play a key role in the regulation of signaling pathways.In this review, we focus on the latest research progress on related signal transduction molecules in the interaction between MTB and the host. In addition, we provide new research ideas for the development of new anti-tuberculosis drug targets and lead compounds and provide an overview of information useful for approaching future tuberculosis host-oriented treatment research approaches and strategies, which has crucial scientific guiding significance and research value.
Role of sex on the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A systematic review
Authors: Sanromán Guerrero María Ascensión , Antoñana Ugalde Sonia , Hernández Sánchez Elena , del Prado Díaz Susana , Jiménez-Blanco Bravo Marta , Cordero Pereda David , Zamorano Gómez José Luis , Álvarez-García Jesús 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHeart Failure (HF) is a growing epidemic with a similar prevalence in men and women. However, women have historically been underrepresented in clinical trials, leading to uneven evidence regarding the benefit of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). This review aims to outline the sex differences in the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic review via Medline from inception to 31 January 2022, including all randomized clinical trials published in English including adult patients suffering HFrEF that reported data on the efficacy of each drug. Baseline clinical characteristics, primary outcomes, and sex-specific effects are summarized in tables. The systemic review has been conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. In total, 29 articles were included in the systematic review. We observed that the proportion of women enrolled in clinical trials was generally low, the absence of a prespecified analysis of efficacy by sex was frequent, and the level of quality of evidence on the efficacy of GDMT and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-) in women was relatively poor.ConclusionsSex influences the response to treatment of patients suffering from HFrEF. All the results from the landmark randomized clinical trials are based on study populations composed mainly of men. Further studies specifically designed considering sex differences are warranted to elucidate if GDMT and new devices are equally effective in both sexes.
Utility of PREDICT-HF score in high-risk Asian heart failure patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan
Authors: Hsu Chien-Yi , Chang Hung-Yu , Chao Chieh-Ju , Chiou Wei-Ru , Lin Po-Lin , Chung Fa-Po , Lin Wen-Yu , Huang Jin-Long , Liang Huai-Wen , Liao Chia-Te , Lee Ying-Hsiang 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the application of sacubitril/valsartan in clinical practice and the utility of PREDICT-HF score for outcome prediction in Asian heart failure patients with difference risk profiles.MethodsThe TAROT-HF study was a multicenter, single-arm, observational study. Totally 1,187 outpatients with HFrEF treated with sacubitril/valsartan were enrolled and categorized by: (1) high-risk group with ≥1 of the following three risk factors: old age (≥80 years), low baseline systolic blood pressure (&lt;100 mmHg), and renal impairment (eGFR &lt;30 ml/min/1.73 m2), and (2) standard-risk group, those who did not have any risk factors. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the PREDICT-HF risk model.ResultsA total of 305 (25.7%) patients matched the criteria for the high-risk group. The event rates of cardiovascular death or first unplanned heart failure hospitalization (HFH) among the overall population, high-risk, and standard-risk groups were 13.7, 24.9, and 10.8 events per 100 patient-years, respectively. The C statistics for the PREDICT-HF model in the overall cohort and high-risk group for cardiovascular death or first unplanned HFH at 2 years were 0.73 (95% CI 0.70–0.76) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.76), respectively. The permanent discontinuation rate among the high-risk patients was significantly higher than that among the standard-risk patients (8.3 vs. 2.5 per 100 patient-years, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsReal-world outcomes of the TAROT-HF study demonstrated that the PREDICT-HF model performed well in Asian HFrEF patients. Three easily detected clinical profiles of age, renal function, and systolic BP could help to identify patients at risk before initiating sacubitril/valsartan.
Exploring the Regulation of Jiangtang Tiaozhi Formula on the Biological Network of Obese T2DM Complicated With Dyslipidemia Based on Clinical Transcriptomics
Authors: Bao Tingting , Wang Song , Yang Yingying , He Lisha , Han Lin , Zhai Tiangang , Chen Jia , Zhou Qiang , Zhao Xiyan , Lian Fengmei , Zhao Linhua , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo use systems biology to explore the biomolecular network mechanism of the Jiangtang Tiaozhi Recipe (JTTZR) in the intervention of obese Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with dyslipidemia.MethodsTwelve patients with obese type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia (traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation was excess heat syndrome of the stomach and intestines) were treated with JTTZR for 24 weeks, and 12 patients were included in the healthy control group. First, blood samples from 6 patients in each group (disease group before treatment, disease group after treatment, and healthy control group) were collected for RNA microarray analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate these target lncRNAs and mRNAs. Finally, a detailed analysis of the differences in the disease group before treatment vs. the healthy control group and the disease group after treatment vs. the disease group before treatment was undertaken. In addition, we focused on disease-related pathways and analyzed the correlation between the differential expression of target lncRNAs and clinical indicators. Results(1) Disease group before treatment vs. healthy control group: There were 557 up-regulated lncRNAs, 273 down-regulated lncRNAs, 491 up-regulated mRNAs, and 1639 down-regulated mRNAs. GO analysis and pathway analysis showed that T2DM may be related to cell proliferation in the forebrain, post-embryonic organ development, calcium signaling pathway. qPCR validation showed that the expression of XLOC-005590 and HNF1A-AS1 as target lncRNAs increased, and this was verified by gene chip analysis. (2) Disease group after treatment vs. disease group before treatment: 128 lncRNAs were upregulated, 32 lncRNAs were downregulated, 45 mRNAs were upregulated, and 140 mRNAs were downregulated. GO analysis and pathway analysis showed that JTTZR may treat T2DM through endosome transport, the insulin signaling pathway, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. qPCR validation showed that in the healthy control group, XLOC_005590 was upregulated, whereas the downstream gene (ECI2) was downregulated in the disease group before treatment. However, after 24 weeks of intervention with JTTZR, XLOC_005590 was downregulated and ECI2 was upregulated compared with the disease group before treatment (0 weeks) (P &lt;0.05).ConclusionJTTZR may interfere in patients with obese T2DM with dyslipidemia by regulating pathways such as fatty acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism.
To explore association between gamma-glutamyl transferase and type 2 diabetes using a real-world study and mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Bi Yaru , Yang Shuo , Liu Yanjing , Cao Lingxia , Gao Menghan , Liu Weixia , Li Yuting , Tian Suyan , Sun Chenglin 
Published: July 2022

AimThe association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is controversial. In this study, we investigated the association between GGT and the risk of T2DM using real-world data, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, and literature mining.MethodsA cross-sectional study enrolled 3,048 participants (&gt;40 years) from a community in Northeastern China was conducted. A generalized additive model was used to examine the relation between GGT and T2DM. A two-sample MR was performed to investigate the causal effect of GGT (61,089 individuals, mostly of European ancestry) on T2DM (29,193 cases and 182,573 controls of European ancestry).ResultsGGT was related to glucose metabolism indicators, such as fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (P &lt; 0.05). The odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (95% CI), P] for T2DM across the GGT categories (14–16, 17–20, 21–25, 26–35, ≥36) were 1.14 [(0.88-1.47), P = 0.330], 1.55 [(1.22-1.98), P &lt; 0.001], 1.87 [(1.47-2.28), P &lt; 0.001], 1.97 [(1.55-2.52), P &lt; 0.001], and 2.29 [(1.78-2.94), P &lt; 0.001] versus GGT ≤ 13 category after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A generalized additive model identified a non-linear correlation between GGT and T2DM and indicated that the risk of T2DM almost levelled out when GGT exceeded 34 IU/L. The MR analysis showed that the odds of having T2DM for a one-time increase in genetically determined GGT was 0.998 [(0.995-1.002), P = 0.34].ConclusionsOur analysis of observational study suggested that GGT, its increment, within a certain range, is indicative of the development of T2DM. However, MR analysis provided no evidence that GGT is a linear causal factor of T2DM. Further investigation is required to determine if GGT exerts a non-linear causal effect on T2DM.
The prevalence of precocious puberty among children in Qufu City, Shandong Province, China, a population-based study
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Ni Jianmin , Zhang Lei , Yu Tingting , Li Xiaoqing , Xue Peng , Liu Yifan , Gao Bo , Xue Xinwen , Kong Huijun , Liu Shijian 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the prevalence of precocious puberty in children aged 6–10 years in Qufu City, Shandong Province, China.MethodsA total of 5,169 primary school students from grades 1–3 were recruited by population-based multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. Professional pediatricians conducted physical examinations in October 2020. Precocious puberty is defined as the onset of secondary sexual characteristics in boys aged &lt; 9 years or girls &lt; 8 years or menstruation in girls &lt; 10 years old. Tanner staging was used to record the development of breast and pubic hair in girls and testicular volume and pubic hair in boys. According to the standards of the International Obesity Task Force, we diagnosed overweight, obesity, or severe obesity. In obese girls, a combination of palpation and ultrasound was used to evaluate breast development. The difference was tested by chi-squared test, and all data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0.ResultsThe unadjusted and adjusted prevalence rates of precocious puberty were 5.01% (11.53% for girls and 1.41% for boys) and 6.29% (14.23% for girls and 1.54% for boys), respectively. The prevalence of precocious puberty in urban (5.34%) dwellers was much higher than that in suburban residents (2.36%, P &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of precocious puberty in the overweight (21.43% for girls and 1.97% for boys), obesity (35.48% for girls and 4.6% for boys), and severe obesity (32.35% for girls and 3.38% for boys) groups were higher than that in the normal weight group (4% for girls and 0.54% for boys, P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of precocious puberty is high, and overweight and obesity are related to precocious puberty in Qufu, Shandong Province, China.
Identification of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Molecular Subtypes Associated With Clinical and Immunological Features via Bioinformatics Methods
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Li Yufei , Yu Caihong 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver with varying severity. Heterogeneity in terms of molecules and immune cell infiltration drives NAFLD from one stage to the next. However, a precise molecular classification of NAFLD is still lacking, and the effects of complex clinical phenotypes on the efficacy of drugs are usually ignored.MethodsWe introduced multiple omics data to differentiate NAFLD subtypes via consensus clustering, and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify eight co-expression modules. Further, eigengenes of eight modules were analyzed with regard to Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Furthermore, the infiltration rates of 22 immune cell types were calculated with CIBERSORT and the ESTIMATE algorithm.ResultsIn total, 111 NAFLD patients from three independent GEO datasets were divided into four molecular subtypes, and the corresponding clinical features and immune cell infiltration traits were determined. Based on high gene expression correlations, four molecular subtypes were further divided into eight co-expression modules. We also demonstrated a significant correlation between gene modules and clinical phenotypes. Moreover, we integrated phenotypic, immunologic, and genetic data to assess the potential for progression of different molecular subtypes. Furthermore, the efficacy of drugs against various NAFLD molecular subtypes was discussed to aid in individualized therapy.ConclusionOverall, this study could provide new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of and drug targets for NAFLD.
The effect of reparixin on survival in patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto , Piersanti Gioia , Scquizzato Tommaso , Piemonti Lorenzo 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionA great number of anti-inflammatory drugs have been suggested in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Reparixin, a non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of the CXCL8 (IL-8) receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CXCR1) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2), has already been tried out as a treatment in different critical settings. Due to the contrasting existing literature, we decided to perform the present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effect of the use of reparixin on survival in patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality.MethodsWe created a search strategy to include any human RCTs performed with reparixin utilization in patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality, excluding oncological patients. Two trained, independent authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for appropriate studies. Furthermore, references of review articles and included RCTs were screened to identify more studies. No language restrictions were enforced. To assess the risk of bias of included trials, the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was used.ResultsOverall, six studies were included and involved 406 patients (220 received reparixin and 186 received the comparator). The all-cause mortality in the reparixin group was significantly lower than that in the control group [5/220 (2.3%) in the reparixin group vs. 12/186 (6.5%) in the control group, odds ratio = 0.33 (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.96), p-value for effect 0.04, p for heterogeneity 0.20, I2 = 36%]. In addition, no difference in the rate of pneumonia, sepsis, or non-serious infections was shown between the two groups.ConclusionOur meta-analysis of randomized trials suggests that short-term inhibition of CXCL8 activity improved survival in patients at high risk for in-hospital mortality without increasing the risk of infection.Meta-analysis registrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42021254467.
High-performance dual-band frequency-selective rasorber based on cascaded metasurface
Authors: Li Qiushi , Li Xiaotong , Chen Yanrui , Ding Fan , Chen Cong , Liu Huanhuan , Xiao Shiyi 
Published: July 2022

Frequency-selective rasorbers (FSRs), which have absorptive and transmissive properties at different frequencies, are crucial in a wide range of applications in communication and radar engineering. However, the FSRs currently available usually exhibit a single high-performance transmission band, which cannot meet the rising demands for modern multiband communication/radar systems. In this article, we propose a dual-band frequency-selective rasorber that utilizes a cascaded metasurface and is designed with an equivalent circuit model and parameter optimization. In addition, a prototype dual-band frequency-selective rasorber is fabricated and characterized. Microwave measurements present two highly transparent peaks located near 11.5 and 17.5 GHz with an insertion loss of around 0.5 dB. Also, there are two absorption bands with absorptivities higher than 80% at 3.9–10.2 GHz and 13–15 GHz. Such low insertion loss for both transparent bands is achieved by optimizing the position of resistors through mode analysis. Our approach facilitates the manufacture of high-performance multi-band frequency-selective rasorbers for use in multi-band communication systems.
Investigation of coenzyme Q10 status, serum amyloid-β, and tau protein in patients with dementia
Authors: Chang Po-Sheng , Chou Hsi-Hsien , Lai Te-Jen , Yen Chi-Hua , Pan Ji-Cyun , Lin Ping-Ting 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesDementia is an oxidative stress-related disease. Coenzyme Q10 is a nutrient that occurs naturally in the human body and acts as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of coenzyme Q10 status, biomarkers for dementia (amyloid β and tau protein), and antioxidant capacity in patients with dementia.MethodsEighty dementia patients aged ≥60 years and with a mini mental state examination (MMSE) score ≤ 26 were enrolled. The levels of coenzyme Q10, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), amyloid β, and tau protein were measured.ResultsA total of 73% of patients had a low coenzyme Q10 status. Patients with low coenzyme Q10 status had a significantly higher level of serum amyloid β-42 and amyloid β-42/40 ratio (p &lt; 0.05). Coenzyme Q10 status was significantly correlated with the values of TAC, MMSE score, amyloid β-42, and amyloid β-42/40 ratio (p &lt; 0.05) but not with tau protein. Additionally, a high proportion of moderate dementia patients were found to have low coenzyme Q10 status (p = 0.07).ConclusionPatients with dementia suffered from coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and the degree of deficiency was related to the level of amyloid-β and antioxidant capacity. Since adequate level of coenzyme Q10 may delay the progression of dementia, monitoring coenzyme Q10 status in patients with dementia is necessary.
Plasma tau proteins for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Leian , Niu Xiaoqian , Wang Yuye , Lv Shuang , Zhou Xiao , Yang Ziyuan , Peng Dantao 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveDetecting plasma tau biomarkers used to be impossible due to their low concentrations in blood samples. Currently, new high-sensitivity assays made it a reality. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to test the accuracy of plasma tau protein in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science databases, and conducted correlation subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis using R Programming Language.ResultsA total of 56 studies were included. Blood t-tau and p-tau levels increased from controls to MCI to AD patients, and showed significant changes in pairwise comparisons of AD, MCI and normal cognition. P-tau217 was more sensitive than p-tau181 and p-tau231 in different cognition periods. In addition, ultrasensitive analytical platforms, immunomagnetic reduction (IMR), increased the diagnostic value of tau proteins, especially the diagnostic value of t-tau.ConclusionBoth t-tau and p-tau are suitable AD blood biomarkers, and p-tau217 is more sensitive than other tau biomarkers to differentiate MCI and AD. Detection techniques also have an impact on biomarkers' results. New ultrasensitive analytical platforms of IMR increase the diagnostic value of both t-tau and p-tau biomarkers.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, registration number: CRD42021264701.
Cerebral gray matter volume changes in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Long Qijia , Lv Zongxia , Zhao Jingyuan , Shi Ke , Li Chunyan , Fan Binglin , Zheng Jinou 
Published: July 2022

Background:Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease with typical clinical features. Whether and how cerebral gray matter structural damage inherent to the disorder affects cognitive function in patients is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the changes in cerebral gray matter volume and whether these alterations contribute to cognitive impairment and mood disorders.MethodsForty patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and forty healthy controls (HCs) matched for gender, age, and education were recruited. All participants underwent attention network tests (ANT), neuropsychological tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphological analysis (VBM) and correlation analysis was performed on all participants. Finally, according to the course of disease, patients were divided into two groups: NMDARE_SD (short duration; course ≤ 2 years since diagnosis) and NMDARE_LD (long duration; course &gt;2 years since diagnosis), to evaluate gray matter volume changes that differ as a function of disease course.ResultsCompared to HCs, patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis showed decreased executive control ability and lower MoCA score, while increased anxiety and depression as reflected by HAMA and HAMD24 scores (all P &lt; 0.05). In VBM analysis, patients showed decreased gray matter volume in bilateral thalamus, left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC_L), left superior temporal gyrus (STG_L), and left rectus gyrus. In the analysis stratified by disease course, the NMDARE_LD group exhibited decreased gray matter volume in the left precuneus and right posterior cerebellar lobe compared to the NMDARE_SD group.ConclusionsPatients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis have cognitive, executive, and emotional dysfunction, and the sites of gray matter atrophy are concentrated in the thalamus, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe. These abnormalities may be involved in the process of cognitive and affective dysfunction.Patients with different courses of anti-NMDAR encephalitis have different brain atrophy sites. These results may help to clarify the contradiction between clinical and imaging manifestations of anti NMDAR encephalitis, which is worthy of further longitudinal studies.