bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist beliefs about antimicrobial resistance and impacts on antibiotic supply: a multinational survey
Authors: Chan Amy Hai Yan , Beyene Kebede , Tuck Chloe , Rutter Victoria , Ashiru-Oredope Diane 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Pharmacists have important antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) roles yet limited literature exists on pharmacists’ knowledge and beliefs about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobials and how these beliefs influence antimicrobial supply in different countries.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was disseminated to pharmacists around the world via the Commonwealth Pharmacists’ Association and related networks. Data were collected on demographics, antibiotic supply practices, and knowledge and beliefs about AMR.

Results
A total of 546 pharmacists responded from 59 countries, most commonly from Africa (41%) followed by Asia (26%) and Oceania (22%). Respondents supplied a mean of 46 ± 81 antibiotic prescriptions/week, 73%±35% of which were given in response to a prescription. Overall, 60.2% dispensed antibiotics at least once without a prescription. Respondents had good knowledge (mean 9.6 ± 1.3 (out of 12), and held positive beliefs about AMR [mean 3.9 ± 0.6 (out of 5)]. Knowledge about antibiotics and beliefs about AMR were positively correlated. The odds of supplying antibiotics without a prescription were 7.4 times higher among respondents from lower income countries [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.42, 95% CI 4.16–13.24]. Conversely, more positive AMR beliefs were associated with a lower odds of supplying antibiotics without a prescription (AOR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.95).

Conclusions
Most pharmacists had the good knowledge about antibiotics and positive beliefs about AMR. These beliefs were influenced by knowledge, work setting, and country income. A proportion of respondents provided antibiotics without a prescription; the likelihood of this occurring was higher in those who held more negative beliefs about AMR.
We Got Your Back: Evaluating Recovery Following Spinal Cord Injury After High-Voltage Electric Burns
Authors: Chakka Keerthana , Clark Audra , Kowalske Karen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDelayed spinal cord injury (SCI) is a relatively rare consequence of high voltage electrical burns, but it holds significant implications for patient quality of life. Due to the uncommon nature of delayed SCI and variable time of onset following injury, providers are currently unable to provide a prognosis for functional recovery and optimize a therapy process tailored to treat this patient populace. In this study, we aim to better map the pattern of recovery in these patients to better inform future rehabilitation practices. A retrospective chart review of five patients who experienced delayed SCI secondary to an electrical burn was conducted. The majority of patients displayed an upward trajectory in motor function following acute hospitalization and inpatient rehabilitation, with four of the five patients able to achieve complete motor strength in multiple extremities. In addition, rehabilitation was shown to have a noticeable impact in improving functional independence in tasks related to nursing. In conclusion, the clinical and functional outcomes of these delayed SCI patients point to the need for multidisciplinary management following injury and highlight the importance of early rehabilitation in regaining function.
Enforcing Gender at the Polls: Transing Voters and Women’s Suffrage before the American Civil War
Authors: Cohen Andrew Wender , Faulkner Carol 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Between 1800 and 1860, individuals deemed female by society donned male attire, represented themselves as men, and tried unlawfully to vote, thus challenging the gender binary at the foundation of U.S. democracy. Newspapers regularly featured those who were caught, describing how officials used inspection, violence, and ridicule to deny them the vote and reassert the association between gender and assigned birth sex. Commentators also linked these illicit voters with the organized women’s movement, mocking the possibility of female participation in electoral politics. In response, members of the mainstream women’s movement emphasized their desire to vote as women, reinforcing the gendered assumptions that justified their exclusion. Yet, “transing” voters were more inspired by the raucous partisan politics of the era than such middle-class reformers. The history of their confrontation with an electoral system reserved for men suggests a more porous and inclusive history of gender and citizenship before the Civil War.
The Descent of Iauar to the World of Darkness: A Mandaic Amulet on a Lead Lamella (MLSC 2)
Authors: Morgenstern Matthew , Abudraham Ohad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Mandaic amulet MLSC 2 is published here for the first time. The text comprises a historiola that shows many affinities with similar Mandaean accounts of descents into the world of darkness. The article presents an editio princeps and translation with comments on linguistic and literary parallels. It also relates to issues of the relationship between the written text and magical rituals involving various ingredients.
Did Qoheleth Believe in an Afterlife?
Authors: Peterson Jesse M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Few ancient writers have written more poignantly of death’s finality than Qoheleth. Yet in Ecclesiastes 3:21 the sage asks a question that some scholars have taken to intimate at least a tinge of eschatological optimism on his part, purportedly under the influence of Hellenistic notions of the soul’s immortality. This paper offers an alternative to this ‘afterlife interpretation’ by arguing that the verse is most coherently read through a traditional Hebrew anthropology and conception of death without reference to Hellenistic influence. So read, the verse’s use of רוּחַ in fact makes no reference to a ‘soul’ or its afterlife, and we therefore have little reason to think Qoheleth was so much as agnostic regarding any form of conscious post-mortem existence. The paper further examines not only additional relevant texts in Ecclesiastes but also texts within later Hellenistic Jewish wisdom—Ben Sira, Wisdom of Solomon, and Pseudo-Phocylides. While Hellenistic notions of the soul and immortality would infiltrate Jewish sapiential thought through the latter two of these authors, their assumed anthropology evidences an intellectual genealogy that merely supplemented, rather than supplanted, the inherited Hebrew beliefs. They therefore lend credence to the likelihood that Qoheleth’s notion of the רוּחַ in Eccl. 3:21 was thoroughly traditional.
Gregory Nazianzen’s Christology of Mixture
Authors: Harris Brendan A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article provides a reconsideration of Gregory Nazianzen’s account of the Christological union by analysing Gregory’s conception of the Christological union as a ‘mixture’ (μίξις) or ‘blending’ (κρᾶσις). While scholars have long recognized that Gregory conceives of the union of Christ’s humanity and divinity as a kind of ‘mixture’, there is disagreement as to which philosophical understanding of mixture—if any—underlies this conception. Three rival interpretations have dominated modern scholarship on this issue. The first, forwarded by Franz Portmann in 1954, regards Gregory as holding a Stoic understanding of mixture. A second line of interpretation, first proposed by Harry Wolfson in 1956, argues that Gregory conceives of the Christological union in terms of what Wolfson refers to as ‘unions of predominance’—a subset of Aristotelian mixture in which the ‘lesser ingredient’ is converted towards the greater without being completely destroyed. More recently, in what is the most extensive consideration of Gregory’s mixture Christology to date, Andrew Hofer has argued that Gregory’s understanding of mixture ‘fits no ancient philosophical model’. Against these three lines of interpretation, this article will demonstrate that Gregory conceives of the Christological union in terms of Neoplatonic accounts of mixture, which adapted Stoic mixture theory in order to explain the union of immaterial natures in terms of mutual interpenetration. Neoplatonic mixture theory allows Gregory to explain how Christ’s humanity and divinity are both truly united and distinct, since according to the Neoplatonic model immaterial natures unite themselves to both material natures and other immaterial natures without either nature undergoing change or destruction. Recognition of Gregory’s use of Neoplatonic mixture theory, then, allows us to grasp the fundamental logic underpinning Gregory’s conception of the Christological union.
The Apocryphon of John’s Father Discourse as Christian Theology
Authors: McCashen Grayden 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Coptic Apocryphon of John’s Father Discourse with its distinctive apophaticism is often regarded as ‘standard’ or ‘stereotyped’ Middle Platonism, but closer analysis reveals that the Platonism in the text is subordinate to a theology which defines God as the Christian God by means of Christian texts (e.g. Eph. 4:6, 1 Corinthians 15, and John 4:24) and uses the polemical monotheism prominent in second-century Christian apologies to assert the supremacy and oneness of the Christian Father against other pretenders to deity. It is this polemical monotheism and not Platonic reasoning that provides the logic of the negations in the discourse. Platonic reasoning is often ignored and even criticized. Thus, the author of the Father Discourse like the writers of second-century Christian apologies does not present stereotyped Platonism, but a Christian theology that incorporates materials from Platonism and uses them to a different end than did second-century Platonic philosophers.
The Visual Repertoire of Willy de Majo: Translocations and Transports of Delight
Authors: Whitworth Lesley 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The subject of this article is Willy de Majo (1917–1993), born of Serbian-Austrian parentage in Vienna, which therefore constitutes one of the important backdrops to his young adulthood. De Majo was also Sephardi, although not uncomplicatedly so. Equivocation on these points and a Balkan dimension provide clues to the interesting ways in which this case diverges from the émigré narratives of other creative professionals of this period. De Majo was co-founder of the International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda), and his formative years occurred during a historical moment when ideas about empire, nation, and diaspora were intersecting and colliding with particularly percussive effect. Taking an appropriately nuanced biographical approach, this article explores the early career trajectory of a single notable individual whose identities embraced graphic designer, pilot, administrator, and man of action, and points up the fantastic complex of cultural legacies that were his inheritance. This contribution also seeks to enrich understandings of the interwar period, and some of the popular cultural products that emerged later.
Statistical analyses in the case of an Italian nurse accused of murdering patients
Authors: Dotto Francesco , Gill Richard D , Mortera Julia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Suspicions about medical murder sometimes arise due to a surprising or unexpected series of events, such as an apparently unusual number of deaths among patients under the care of a particular nurse. But also a single disturbing event might trigger suspicion about a particular nurse, and this might then lead to investigation of events which happened when she was thought to be present. In either case, there is a statistical challenge of distinguishing event clusters that arise from criminal acts from those that arise coincidentally from other causes. We show that an apparently striking association between a nurse’s presence and a high rate of deaths in a hospital ward can easily be completely spurious. In short: in a medium-care hospital ward where many patients are suffering terminal illnesses, and deaths are frequent, most deaths occur in the morning. Most nurses are on duty in the morning, too. There are less deaths in the afternoon, and even less at night; correspondingly, less nurses are on duty in the afternoon, even less during the night. Consequently, a full time nurse works the most hours when the most deaths occur. The death rate is higher when she is present than when she is absent.
Parkinson Disease
Authors: Albin Roger L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parkinson Disease is a comprehensive introduction to the biology and clinical features of Parkinson disease (PD). This book is aimed at clinicians in training, general neurologists seeking a useful guide to PD, and scientists seeking an overview of clinical aspects of PD. Topics covered include nosology of PD, PD epidemiology, pathology and pathophysiology of PD, and theories of PD pathogenesis. Clinical features, including the many non-motor features, natural history of disease progression, clinical pharmacology, and management of PD receive coverage. Important themes are heterogeneity of PD, the multifocal nature of PD pathology, the diversity of clinical features, dopaminergic signaling and the impacts of dopaminergic deficiency, the importance of non-motor features, limitations of existing treatment modalities, and the necessity of approaching PD as a multisystem disorder.
Pathophysiology I
Authors: Albin Roger L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the basal ganglia architecture is reviewed; this architecture implies that parallel cortico-basal ganglionic-thalamocortical loops carry functionally specific streams of information through the nodes of the basal ganglia, that a series of standardized computations are performed during nodal information transmission, and that nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons are responsible for some form of diffuse modulatory input. The “standard model” of basal ganglia pathophysiology can explain both bradykinesia and choreiform movements, and this contributed significantly to its acceptance and further articulation; its shortcomings are also discussed Additional features of basal ganglia architecture are reviewed in the context of Parkinson disease and parkinsonism.
Clinical Features I
Authors: Albin Roger L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The clinical presentation and initial evaluation of patients with possible Parkinson disease (PD) is discussed. Evaluation and diagnosis are based on the clinical construct of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT)-responsive parkinsonism. Careful clinical evaluation with directed history-taking and comprehensive neurologic examination is the foundation of evaluating possible PD. Presenting demographic and clinical features are discussed. The clinical approach to diagnosis, including evaluating histories and key features of the clinical evaluation are reviewed. The major differential diagnosis possibilities are discussed.
Clinical Features III
Authors: Albin Roger L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, the natural history and continuing care of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) are reviewed. Progression of PD, measures of progression, subgrouping, and clinically important emergent phenomena are discussed. Patients are most interested in guidance about if and when they are likely to experience significant disability and the likely nature of the disabling features. With this in mind, management at different levels of PD (mild, moderate, and severe) is discussed, including options for end-of-life care.
Proteomic profiling ofaspergillus flavusendophthalmitis derived extracellular vesicles in anin-vivomurine model
Authors: Gandhi Jaishree , Naik Milind N , Mishra Dilip K , Joseph Joveeta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtracellular Vesicles (EVs) play pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication, and are involved in potential pathological and physiological cellular processes. The aim of this study was to understand the proteomic cargo of these vesicles, in a murine model of Aspergillus flavus (AF) endophthalmitis. EVs were isolated from A. flavus infected C57BL/6 mice eyes by differential ultracentrifugation at 24 h post infection (p.i) and isolated EVs were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Exocet assay, and western blot. Proteomic profiling of EVs was then evaluated by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compared it with control uninfected mice. The average size of the EVs were 180–280 nm by DLS and the number of EVs increased to 1.55 × 1010 in infected mice in comparison to EVs from uninfected eye (1.24 × 109). Western blot was positive for CD9, CD63, and CD81 confirming the presence of EVs. LC-MS/MS analysis, identified 81 differentially expressed proteins, of these 22 were up-regulated and 59 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment of lipid metabolism, protein complex binding, and transferase activity, and the proteins associated were Aquaporin-5, CD177 antigen, Solute carrier family-25, and Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that glucagon signalling, metabolic, and PPAR signalling pathway were significantly associated with EVs from A. flavus infected mice eyes. The protein cargo in EVs from A. flavus endophthalmitis provides new insights into the pathogenesis of fungal endophthalmitis and validation of these proteins can serve as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers for patients with a clinical suspicion of fungal endophthalmitis.Lay SummaryEVs play an important role in cell communication. In our study proteomic profiling of EVs isolated from A. flavus infected mice provided new insights into the understanding of the pathobiology of A. flavus endophthalmitis and validation of these proteins can serve as biomarkers.
Temporal spectrum of multiconjugate adaptive optics residuals and impact of tip-tilt anisoplanatism on astrometric observations
Authors: Carlà Giulia , Plantet Cédric , Busoni Lorenzo , Agapito Guido 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTMulticonjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) will assist a new era of ground-based astronomical observations with the extremely large telescopes and the Very Large Telescope. High-precision relative astrometry is among the main science drivers of these systems and challenging requirements have been set for the astrometric measurements. A clear understanding of the astrometric error budget is needed and the impact of the MCAO correction has to be taken into account. In this context, we propose an analytical formulation to estimate the residual phase produced by an MCAO correction in any direction of the scientific field of view. The residual phase, computed in the temporal frequency domain, allows to consider the temporal filtering of the turbulent phase from the MCAO loop and to extract the temporal spectrum of the residuals, as well as to include other temporal effects such as the scientific integration time. The formulation is kept general and allows to consider specific frameworks by setting the telescope diameter, the turbulence profile, the guide stars constellation, the deformable mirrors configuration, the modes sensed and corrected, and the tomographic reconstruction algorithm. The formalism is presented for both a closed loop and a pseudo-open loop control. We use our results to investigate the effect of tip-tilt residuals on MCAO-assisted astrometric observations. We derive an expression for the differential tilt jitter power spectrum that also includes the dependence on the scientific exposure time. Finally, we investigate the contribution of the differential tilt jitter error on the future astrometric observations with MAVIS and MAORY.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the effects of maternal selenium deficiency on placental transport, hormone synthesis, and immune response in mice
Authors: Cheng Wanpeng , Zhang Lantian , Sa Peiyue , Luo Jing , Li Mengdi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Selenium deficiency has been considered to increase the risk of gestational complications. Our previous work showed that maternal selenium deficiency suppressed proliferation, induced autophagy dysfunction, and apoptosis in the placenta of mice. However, other effects of maternal selenium deficiency on the placenta and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, dietary selenium deficiency in dams significantly suppressed glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the placentae, confirming the oxidative stress in the placenta. By transcriptome sequencing analysis, the DEGs were involved in many biological processes, including ion transport, lipid metabolic process, immune response, transmembrane transport, and others. According to the KEGG analysis, the DEGs were primarily enriched in metabolic pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and others. Among these, the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway enriched the most DEGs. Hsd3b1, an ER enzyme involved in progesterone synthesis, was validated downregulated. Consistently, the progesterone content in the serum of the selenium-deficient group was decreased. Ion transporters and transmembrane transporters, such as Heph, Trf, Slc39a8, Slc23a1, Atp7b, and Kcnc1, were reduced in the selenium-deficient placentae. Immune response-related genes, including Ccl3, Ccl8, Cxcl10, and Cxcl14, were increased in the selenium-deficient placentae, along with an increase in macrophage number. These results suggested that maternal selenium deficiency may impair progesterone biosynthesis, reduce nutrient transporters expression, and promote immune response by increasing the oxidative stress of the placentae. This present study provides a novel insight into the possible cause of placenta disorder during pregnancy.
Convection enhanced delivery of EGFR targeting antibody-drug conjugates Serclutamab talirine and Depatux-M in glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts
Authors: Porath Kendra A , Regan Michael S , Griffith Jessica I , Jain Sonia , Stopka Sylwia A , Burgenske Danielle M , Bakken Katrina K , Carlson Brett L , Decker Paul A , Vaubel Rachael A , Dragojevic Sonja , Mladek Ann C , Connors Margaret A , Hu Zeng , He Lihong , Kitange Gaspar J , Gupta Shiv K , Feldsien Thomas M , Lefebvre Didier R , Agar Nathalie Y R , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Reilly Edward B , Elmquist William F , Sarkaria Jann N 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
EGFR targeting antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are highly effective against EGFR-amplified tumors, but poor distribution across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits their efficacy in glioblastoma (GBM) when administered systemically. We studied whether convection-enhanced delivery (CED) can be used to safely infuse ADCs into orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of EGFRvIII mutant GBM.

Methods
The efficacy of the EGFR-targeted ADCs depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux-M) and Serclutamab talirine (Ser-T) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. CED was performed in nontumor and tumor-bearing mice. Immunostaining was used to evaluate ADC distribution, pharmacodynamic effects, and normal cell toxicity.

Results
Dose-finding studies in orthotopic GBM6 identified single infusion of 2 μg Ser-T and 60 μg Depatux-M as safe and effective associated with extended survival prolongation (&gt;300 days and 95 days, respectively). However, with serial infusions every 21 days, four Ser-T doses controlled tumor growth but was associated with lethal toxicity approximately 7 days after the final infusion. Limiting dosing to two infusions in GBM108 provided profound median survival extension of over 200 days. In contrast, four Depatux-M CED doses were well tolerated and significantly extended survival in both GBM6 (158 days) and GBM108 (310 days). In a toxicity analysis, Ser-T resulted in a profound loss in NeuN+ cells and markedly elevated GFAP staining, while Depatux-M was associated only with modest elevation in GFAP staining.

Conclusion
CED of Depatux-M is well tolerated and results in extended survival in orthotopic GBM PDXs. In contrast, CED of Ser-T was associated with a much narrower therapeutic window.