bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Trianon de la Restauration ? La duchesse d’Angoulême et l’usage de Villeneuve-l’Étang
Authors: Mensch Matthieu 
Published: November 2022

La volonté des souverains de disposer d’espaces dévolus à une forme d’existence en retrait du public se développe dès le règne de Louis XIV. Cette pratique, qui se renforce sous le règne de Louis XV, n’épargne pas la reine Marie Leszczyńska, et pourtant, Trianon, utilisé de manière plus systématique par Marie-Antoinette, semble concentrer toutes les attentions. Résultat d’un mouvement amorcé plus tôt que véritable nouveauté, ce domaine personnel marque suffisamment les esprits pour être réactivé lorsque les Bourbons remontent sur le trône en 1814. Si l’épouse de Louis XVIII est morte depuis 1810, sa nièce, la duchesse d’Angoulême, fille de Louis XVI et de Marie-Antoinette, jouit, elle aussi, d’un domaine. Méconnu et fort peu étudié, il ne doit pourtant pas se comprendre isolément. Il convient de l’intégrer à la pratique bourbonienne de la résidence personnelle et plus particulièrement de celle des princesses de la famille royale. En envisageant le château de Villeneuve dans son rapport avec Trianon, on peut alors mieux saisir ce que le domaine doit à la conduite de la reine mais aussi ce qu’il rejette et adapte aux temps nouveaux. Trianon agit à la fois comme modèle et comme repoussoir, permettant à la duchesse d’Angoulême de proposer un nouveau type de résidence, s’inspirant bien plus, en la matière, des princesses Bourbon que de sa seule mère. Villeneuve apparaît alors comme un compromis raisonnable entre une aspiration à la vie privée et la nécessité d’assumer son rôle à la cour.
Plasma 24-hydroxycholesterol is associated with narrower common carotid artery and greater flow velocities in relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jakimovski Dejan , Zivadinov Robert , Pelizzari Laura , Dunne-Jaffe Cynthia , Browne Richard W. , Bergsland Niels , Dwyer Michael G. , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Ramanathan Murali 
Published: November 2022

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) studies suggest greater cardiovascular disease burden and disturbances in the cholesterol pathways1,2 The potential impact of oxidized cholesterol molecules (oxysterols) on MS is emerging (Figure 1).3
Objective: To determine the relationship between multiple oxysterol molecules and atherosclerosis burden in MS patients.
Materials and methods: A total of 99 MS patients (61 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 38 progressive MS (PMS)) patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the common carotid artery (CCA) was determined at three different levels before the bifurcation (C7, C6 and C5). Additionally, an echo-color Doppler ultrasound was performed and measures of blood flow velocities were derived. Blood samples acquired at the time of the imaging examinations were analyzed and 24-, 25-, 27-hydroxycholesterol (24HC, 25HC, 27HC) and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC) were quantified in ng/mL.
Results: In the MS patients, higher levels of 24HC were significantly associated with smaller CCA CSA measured at all three cervical levels (r=-0.201, p=0.046; r=-0.228, p=0.023, and r=-0.215, p=0.032, for C7, C6 and C5, respectively). These associations were driven by the RRMS group only (r=-0.407, p=0.002 for C7; r=-0.414, p=0.002, for C6; and r=-0.368, p=0.006 for C5). No associations were seen in the HCs. Despite adjusting for the significant age effect (B=0.445, p=0.004), higher 24HC levels were independently associated with smaller CCA CSA (B=-0.20, p=0.045). 24HC was additionally associated with greater time-averaged and peak diastolic CCA velocities. RRMS patients treated with potent anti-inflammatory therapies had lower oxysterol levels (p=0.019). RRMS patients in the lower 24HC quartiles had significantly higher expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores when compared to RRMS patients in the higher two 24HC quartiles (2.5 (IQR 1.9-3.1) vs 2.0 (1.5-2.5), p=0.038).
Conclusions: Greater 24HC levels are associated with smaller CSA CCA and greater flow velocities in RRMS patients. The higher inflammatory activity in RRMS patients may contribute to the production of highly reactive oxysterols and worsen the atherosclerotic burden in the MS population. Potent anti-inflammatory medications can significantly decrease oxysterol levels.
Prevalence and risks of reproductive tract infections among women of urban slums in North India
Authors: Singh Mitasha , Saini Shipra , Goyal Pooja , Gupta Ekta , Goswami Shweta 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To identify the prevalence, determinants of reproductive tract infection, and healthcare seeking behavior among ever married women of reproductive age residing in an urban slum of Faridabad, Haryana, North India.

Methods:
This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among ever married women aged between 15 and 49 years insured under employees state insurance scheme and residing in an urban slum of Faridabad. Simple random sampling technique was used to interview 149 eligible women using a predesigned structured questionnaire. Study variables included sociodemographic profile, family planning methods, menstrual absorbent usage, and symptoms of reproductive tract infection. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of reproductive tract infection.

Results:
Of the women, 46.3% had at least one reproductive tract infection or sexually transmitted infection symptom and 28.9% among them sought treatment for the symptom. Vaginal discharge, itching (14.1%) and lower abdominal pain (30.2%) were the major symptoms reported. Non-usage of condoms as contraceptive was significantly associated with a higher rate of symptoms (50.4% vs. 20.0%). Abortion had a significantly high odds of having reproductive tract infection symptoms (aOR 3.71, 95% CI 1.59-8.62; P<0.01). Less frequent change in absorbent during menstruation was also reported to have a higher rate of symptoms. The majority of those who took treatment sought it from government or employees state insurance dispensary. 2% also went to faith healers.

Conclusions:
Nearly half of the study population have reproductive tract infection symptom. Abortions and non-usage of condom increase the risk of reproductive tract infection. Menstrual hygiene and condom usage are the significant interventions, which may reduce the prevalence of these symptoms.
Awareness about transmission and preventive measures of COVID–19 from mother to child
Authors: Singh Neetu , Jauhari Sugandha 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To study the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women regarding transmission and preventive measures of COVID-19 from mother to child and to determine the reasons for vaccine hesitancy.

Methods:
This observational cross-sectional knowledge, attitude, and practice study was conducted among pregnant women of any trimester, attending the antenatal care out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow from October 2020 to March 2021. All the participants were interviewed using a pretested semi­structured questionnaire for desired information. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy were also asked to assess their unwillingness to get vaccinated.

Results:
Totally 652 pregnant women were included and 91.3% were aware that COVID-19 spread through contact with an infected person and 85.3% knew that COVID-19 spread by respiratory droplets. Of pregnant women, 95.7% perceived that social distancing and wearing a proper mask were effective ways to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and 96.8% of the pregnant women wore masks regularly when going out. Of pregnant women, 79.0% were hesitant to get vaccinated. The most common reason was that COVID-19 vaccine can harm the developing fetus (77.5%) and was not very safe in pregnancy (75.0%).

Conclusions:
Of the pregnant women, 22.92% have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding COVID-19, 35.63% have negative attitude and 19.93% have poor practices, indicating that there are still gaps in awareness, and majority of them are unwilling to get vaccinated. Good awareness will help prevent the occurrence of future COVID-19 waves in India.
L–arginine alleviates postmenopausal complications in female rats by stimulating ovarian dopamine beta hydroxylase
Authors: Lakzaei Fatemeh , Karami Manizheh , Jalali Nadoushan Mohammadreza 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the levels of estrogen, albumin and gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone) as well as the activity of dopamine beta hydroxylase (DAß H) in aged female rats treated with nitric oxide precursor L-arginine and neuronal nitric oxide synthase antagonist L-NAME.

Methods:
A total of 224 Wistar rats (36 weeks old, weighing 250 g) based on a random sampling were divided into the control and experimental groups after Pap smear test. The control group received only saline (1 mL/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.). The experiential groups were treated with L-arginine (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and L-NAME (5 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 to 21 days, once a day. Blood samples were taken from the rats and the levels of estrogen and albumin and gonadotropins in the serum were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and the ovaries were examined immunohistopathologically for DAßH activity.

Results:

L-arginine (5 mg/kg) significantly increased estrogen level (P<0.05), which was associated with DAßH activation in the ovaries. L-NAME reduced this effect when administered prior to L-arginine dose. L-arginine caused no significant change in the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Except for the lowest dose of L-arginine in the shortest period, albumin levels significantly decreased in other treatments compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

L-arginine is likely to reduce postmenopausal problems due to an increased nitric oxide level.
CO-RABS Score
Authors: Theo Joseph Merugolu Finny , Patwari Dabboo , Talukdar Kishore Kumar , Neog Bhaskar , Yadav Sunny Kumar , Riaz Nasimur 
Published: November 2022

Study Objective:
To determine the prognostic significance of a new score (CO-RABS), formulated by our Institute to classify the covid patients into mild, moderate, severe cases and also to compare it with the conversion AIIMS based classification.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective study in which we have collected data from the medical records of patients who were admitted in our Hospital with covid infection during 2nd and 3rd waves of the pandemic. We have taken Comorbidities (CO), Respiratory rate (R), Age (A), Blood pressure (B) and SpO2 (S) of the patients at the time of admission to calculate an overall score (Abbreviated as CO-RABS). Basing on this score, the patients were classified into mild, moderate and severe cases. We then compared our CO-RABS score based classification with AIIMS classification using a statistical software.

Results:
We studied 727 patients (440 men, 287 women) and 99 patients died due to covid related complications. The ability to predict the prognosis was higher for our newly formulated CO-RABS score when compared to AIIMS classification. (AUC of CO-RABS 0.88 vs 0.82 of AIIMS; p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The ability of CO-RABS score to predict the prognosis of covid infection is higher than that of AIIMS/ICMR classification. Hence it can be used as a supportive tool in the covid management protocol along with all the other conversion modes of treatment.
Predictors of severity in coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized patients
Authors: Ahmed Shimaa Nour Morsi , Mohammed Nesreen A. , Alkhayat Khaled F. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Determination of predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severe infection allows early intervention and appropriate treatment of patients at risk, so that we can improve outcome and allow better selection of patients who need hospitalization. Our aim is detection of factors linked to higher rates of complications and death in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

Results
The study included 151 patients who were divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups; patients with age more than or equal to 60 were more in the severe category (P=0.001). The severe category had considerably more comorbidities (P=0.001). Patients with more than or equal to two comorbidities were more likely to be in the severe category (P=0.006). Obese patients with BMI more than 30 were substantially more likely to be in the severe category (P=0.004). Cough, fever, dyspnea, and vomiting were the most common presentations. Complications of COVID-19 infection were more likely to be detected in the severe category (P=0.001). In the severe category, lymphopenia, raised neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer were all considerably higher. O2 saturation on admission was significantly lower in the severe group with mean (SD) of 81.23 ± 9.22. Duration of admission was significantly longer in the severe group with a range of 9 (3–27) days. Mortality rate in our study was 7.9% (12 cases); all dead cases were included within the severe group.

Conclusion
Physicians should consider patients diagnosed as COVID-19 with high ferritin, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphopenia, obesity, and high D-dimer as risky for severe infection and need hospitalization with intensive care and proper management to decrease complications, mortality, and for proper triage of COVID-19 patients in hospitals.
Heat shock protein-90
Authors: Assal Hebatallah H. , Shalaby Alaa , Farrag Samar H. , Ali Asmaa , Ibrahim Iman M. , Elkaffas Rasha H. , Sabry Irene M. 
Published: November 2022

Background
It has recently been shown that the heat shock protein (HSP) is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The current trial was achieved to detect the relation of HSP-90 in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)-associated rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Results
Sixty RA patients were studied. Their mean age was 49.63 ± 9.22 years with a mean disease duration of 7.5 (2–14) years. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest was performed on all patients. Thirty four (56.6%) patients had abnormal radiological findings in CT chest and 26 (43.3%) had normal CT chest findings. In patients with pulmonary involvement by HRCT, the most common abnormality found was small airway disease in 23 (38.3%), followed by UIP in nine (15%), and rheumatoid nodules in two (3.3%) patients. Patients with UIP pattern in HRCT chest has a significant higher level of HSP-90 level in comparison with those with RA-associated small airway disease pattern, P=0.003, and in comparison with other RA patients with no pulmonary involvement by HRCT, P=0.006.

Conclusions
HSP-90 was significantly elevated in UIP-associated RA and hence studying its inhibition in further studies would have a promising therapeutic role in this subset of patients.
Correlation between weaning outcome of patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation and changes in skeletal muscles as assessed by ultrasonography
Authors: Hamza Esraa Mohamed Mohamed , Khalil Magdy Mohammed , Salem Hala Mohammed , Diab Haytham Samy , Sakr Hossam Moussa 
Published: November 2022

Background
Skeletal muscle atrophy develops in severely sick patients, whereas decreased muscle mass is usually linked to poorer clinical outcomes. Peripheral muscle ultrasound (US) can be used to evaluate muscle atrophy.

Objective
We conducted this study to investigate the use of US in the assessment of changes in skeletal muscle mass in cases with prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) and to correlate these changes with weaning outcomes.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional observational study recruited patients on MV for 7 days or more in respiratory ICUs of Ain Shams University Hospitals between January 2019 and March 2021. US evaluation of quadriceps muscle was done on day 1, day 7, and weekly thereafter till weaning from MV.

Results
In all, 81 patients were scanned on day 1 and day 7 of MV; 43 patients were reevaluated on day 14, and three patients were reevaluated on day 21. A significant reduction of rectus femoris surface area as well as the thickness of vastus intermedius has been detected at day 7 and at day 14 of MV. There was a highly significant correlation between the percent of change of rectus femoris muscle surface area and weaning outcome.

Conclusion
US can monitor changes in muscle mass in patients on prolonged MV. Quadriceps muscle mass evaluated by US demonstrated a tendency to reduce in cases with prolonged MV and is linked to poorer weaning outcomes.
Long COVID in Patients with Rheumatologic Disease: A Single Center Observational Study
Authors: Quiñones-Moya Horacio , Valle Armando Ocampo-Del , Camargo-Coronel Adolfo , Jiménez-Balderas Francisco Javier , Bernal-Enriquez Miriam Berenice , Madinabeitia-Rodríguez Pedro , Morales-Medino Kenia Nahomi , Roque-Ibañez Cynthia , Hernández-Zavala Mario Raúl 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Special attention has been paid to the sequelae caused by SARS-CoV 2 infection (Long-COVID), the prevalence of these sequelae in patients with rheumatological diseases has not been studied in detail. As these patients have immunosuppressive therapy and this syndrome has inflammatory characteristics, we postulate that these patients will have a lower prevalence of sequelae.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study in which we interrogated all the patients who had the diagnosis of rheumatological diseases who attended our hospital between August 1, 2021 and November 30 and who had a history of 3 or more months of SARS CoV2 infection. The interrogation consisted of a brief questionnaire on the persistence of symptoms 3 months after the event.

Results:
We included 64 patients: 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 21 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 24 with other rheumatological diseases. Long COVID symptoms reported were similar to those described in the literature of patients without rheumatic diseases. The prevalence of fatigue was significantly lower in SLE compared to RA and the rest of the pathologies, but there were no other significant differences between them.

Conclusions:
The long COVID syndrome is common in patients with and without rheumatic diseases, and the prevalence of each of these symptoms differs little between these groups. A lower prevalence of post-COVID symptoms was seen in patients with SLE than in the rest of the rheumatological diseases, but after we run a binary logistic regression model, most of these differences were not significant and they did not differ much from the general population.
Use of methylene blue dye for lymphatic basin mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Okoye CL , Ezeome ER 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the current standard of care for axillary staging and further treatment planning in patients with clinical axillary node-negative breast cancer. Sentinel node (SN) biopsy was designed to accurately stage the axilla and minimize the side effects of conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection without sacrificing oncologic outcomes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is normally performed with nuclear scan and patent blue violet or isosulfan blue. These are expensive and not commonly available in resource-poor regions such as West Africa. Methylene blue dye is a commonly used agent in a wide range of clinical diagnostic procedures and has been used by other investigators to perform this procedure. This study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of SN biopsy in the management of axillary node-negative breast cancer in resource-limited populations using methylene blue dye.

Aim:
To determine the efficacy of methylene blue dye as a single tracer in lymphatic basin mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with clinical axillary node-negative breast cancer.

Methods:
This was a prospective, case-controlled study involving 28 consecutively presenting female patients with clinical axillary node-negative breast cancer at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Each of the patients had lymphatic basin mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy with a sub-areola-subdermal injection of methylene blue dye. The SN (s) were then removed using the dye as the marker. Each patient then had a mastectomy or wide local excision as appropriately planned and conventional levels I and II axillary dissection was performed in the same sitting. The SNs and other axillary nodes were reviewed independently by our institution's pathologist. Each patient's axillary dissection specimen acted as her control for the study.

Results:
The SNs were identified in 24 (85.7%) patients. There was a demonstrable learning curve with an improvement in identification rate in the later half of the cases (92.9%) compared to the earlier half of the cases (78.6%). A range of 1–3 nodes and a mean of 1.78 nodes were obtained. A sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 79.6%, false-positive rate of 28.6%, false-negative rate of 9.1%, and accuracy of 95.8% were obtained. There was no incidence of allergic/hypersensitivity reaction.

Conclusion:
Sentinel lymph node biopsy with methylene blue dye can be applied with high accuracy within resource-limited environments. However, there is a definite short learning curve that must be overcome and the procedure validated before clinical application in decision-making.
Can scoring systems be used for the triage of COVID-19 patients?
Authors: Cebeci Z. , Cebeci AB , Coskun I , Canakci E 
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim:
Whether to send COVID-19 patients home with quarantine measures or to hospitalize and treat them on an inpatient basis is a very important decision in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to introduce a scoring system that will enable making decisions on inpatient or outpatient treatment of patients by scoring their symptoms, clinical, radiological, and laboratory results during the initial assessment.

Materials and Methods:
Data of patients over 18 years of age, examined for COVID-19 between March 11, 2020, and May 31, 2020, and who had a positive PCR result, and their radiological (computed tomography reports) and blood test (complete blood count, blood gas and laboratory results) results were recorded to develop our scoring system.

Results:
A comparison of COVID-19 patients, who received outpatient and inpatient treatments by age variable, revealed a significant result (P < 0.001). The comparison of laboratory results showed a significant difference between both groups (P < 0.001). The comparison of the groups by the presence of comorbidity also revealed a significant result (P < 0.001). According to the scoring system that we developed (Cebeci score), a score of 5 points and above had a specificity of 81% and a sensitivity of 88% for indicating the probability of receiving inpatient treatment.

Conclusion:
We believe that the scoring system we developed will be a simple, practical, and leading guide for physicians to avoid dilemmas regarding the issue of whether to quarantine patients at home or to hospitalize them in order to use medical resources effectively.