bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side matters: differences in functional outcome and quality of life after thrombectomy in left and right hemispheric stroke
Authors: Deb-Chatterji Milani , Flottmann Fabian , Meyer Lukas , Brekenfeld Caspar , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz ,   the GSR-ET-Investigators, Gerloff C. , Fiehler J. , Thomalla G. , Alegiani A. , Boeckh-Behrens  , Wunderlich Silke , Ernemann Ulrike , Poli Sven , Siebert Eberhard , Nolte Christian H. , Zweynert Sarah , Bohner Georg , Ludolph Alexander , Henn Karl-Heinz , Schäfer Jan Hendrik , Keil Fee , Röther Joachim , Eckert Bernd , Berrouschot Jörg , Bormann Albrecht , Dorn Franziska , Petzold Gabor , Kraemer Christoffer , Leischner Hannes , Trumm Christoph , Tiedt Steffen , Kellert Lars , Petersen Martina , Stögbauer Florian , Braun Michael , Hamann Gerhard F. , Gröschel Klaus , Uphaus Timo , Reich Arno , Nikoubashman Omid , Schellinger Peter , Borggrefe Jan , Hattingen Jörg , Liman Jan , Ernst Marielle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with a left (LHS) or right hemispheric stroke (RHS) differ in terms of clinical symptoms due to lateralization of specific cortical functions. Studies on functional outcome after stroke and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) comparing both hemispheres showed conflicting results so far. The impact of stroke laterality on patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after EVT has not yet been adequately addressed and still remains unclear.

Methods
Consecutive stroke thrombectomy patients, derived from a multi-center, prospective registry (German Stroke Registry) between June 2015 and December 2019, were included in this study. At 90 days, outcome after EVT was assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and HRQoL using the European QoL-five dimensions questionnaire utility-index (EQ-5D-I; higher values indicate better HRQoL) in patients with LHS and RHS. Adjusted regression analysis was applied to evaluate the influence of stroke laterality on outcome after EVT.

Results
In total, 5683 patients were analyzed. Of these, 2953 patients (52.8%) had LHS and 2637 (47.2%) RHS. LHS patients had a higher baseline NIHSS (16 vs. 13, p < 0.001) and a higher ASPECTS (9 vs. 8, p < 0.001) compared to RHS patients. Among survivors, patients with LHS less frequently had a self-reported affected mobility (p = 0.037), suffered less often from pain (p = 0.04) and anxiety/depression (p = 0.032) three months after EVT. After adjusting for confounders (age, sex, baseline NIHSS), LHS was associated with a better HRQoL (ß coefficient 0.04, CI 95% 0.017–0.063; p = 0.001), and better functional outcome assessed by lower values on the mRS (ß coefficient − 0.109, CI 95% − 0.217–0.000; p = 0.049).

Conclusions
Ninety days after EVT, LHS patients have a better functional outcome and HRQoL. Patients with RHS should be actively assessed and treated for pain, anxiety and depression to improve their HRQoL after EVT.
Cobimetinib Plus Vemurafenib in Patients With Colorectal Cancer WithBRAFMutations: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) Study
Authors: Klute Kelsey A. , Rothe Michael , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Mangat Pam K. , Nazemzadeh Reza , Yost Kathleen J. , Duvivier Herbert L. , Ahn Eugene R. , Cannon Timothy L. , Alese Olatunji B. , Krauss John C. , Thota Ramya , Calfa Carmen J. , Denlinger Crystal S. , O'Lone Raegan , Halabi Susan , Grantham Gina N. , Schilsky Richard L. 
Published: November 2022

PURPOSETAPUR is a phase II basket trial evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancer and genomic alterations known to be drug targets. The results of a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) with BRAF mutations treated with cobimetinib (C) plus vemurafenib (V) are reported.METHODSEligible patients had advanced CRC, no standard treatment options, measurable disease (RECIST), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, adequate organ function, tumors with BRAF V600E/D/K/R mutations, and no MAP2K1/2, MEK1/2, or NRAS mutations. C was taken 60 mg orally once daily for 21 days followed by seven days off, and V was taken 960 mg orally twice daily. Simon's two-stage design was used with a primary study end point of objective response or stable disease of at least 16 weeks duration. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.RESULTSThirty patients were enrolled from August 2016 to August 2018; all had CRC with a BRAF V600E mutation except one patient with a BRAF K601E mutation. Three patients were not evaluable for efficacy. Eight patients with partial responses and six patients with stable disease of at least 16 weeks duration were observed for disease control and objective response rates of 52% (95% CI, 35 to 65) and 30% (95% CI, 14 to 50), respectively. The null hypothesis of 15% disease control rate was rejected ( P < .0001). Thirteen patients had at least one grade 3 adverse event or serious adverse event at least possibly related to C + V: anemia, decreased lymphocytes, dyspnea, diarrhea, elevated liver enzymes, fatigue, hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, rash, photosensitivity, and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.CONCLUSIONThe combination of C + V has antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with CRC with BRAF mutations.
Circulating miRNAs Respond to Denosumab Treatment After 2 Years in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis—the MiDeTe study
Authors: Messner Zora , Carro Vázquez David , Haschka Judith , Grillari Johannes , Resch Heinrich , Muschitz Christian , Pietschmann Peter , Zwerina Jochen , Hackl Matthias , Kocijan Roland 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContextMicroRNAs (miRNAs)—short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs—regulate several biological processes, including bone metabolism.ObjectiveWe investigated circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers for treatment monitoring in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis on denosumab (DMAB) therapy.MethodsIn this prospective, observational, single-center study, 21 postmenopausal women treated with DMAB were included for a longitudinal follow-up of 2 years. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to screen for serological miRNAs at baseline, month 6, and month 24. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to confirm NGS findings in the entire cohort. Bone turnover markers (BTM) P1NP and CTX, and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual x-ray absorptiometry were assessed and correlated to miRNAs.ResultsBMD at the hip (5.5%, P = 0.0006) and lumbar spine significantly increased (11.4%, P = 0.017), and CTX (64.1%, P &lt; 0.0001) and P1NP (69.3%, P &lt; 0.0001) significantly decreased during treatment. NGS analysis revealed significant changes in miRNAs after 2 years of DMAB treatment but not after 6 months. Seven miRNAs were confirmed by RT-qPCR to be significantly changed during a 2-year course of DMAB treatment compared to baseline. Four of these were mainly transcribed in blood cells, including monocytes. Correlation analysis identified significant correlation between change in miRNA and change in BTMs as well as BMD. Based on effect size and correlation strength, miR-454-3p, miR-26b-5p, and miR-584-5p were defined as top biomarker candidates, with the strongest association to the sustained effect of denosumab on bone in osteoporotic patients.ConclusionTwo years of DMAB treatment resulted in upregulation of 7 miRNAs, 4 of which are mainly transcribed in monocytes, indicating a potential impact of DMAB on circulating osteoclast precursor cells. These changes were associated to BMD gain and BTM suppression and could therefore be useful for monitoring DMAB treatment response.
Approach to Investigation of Hyperandrogenism in a Postmenopausal Woman
Authors: Hirschberg Angelica Lindén 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPostmenopausal hyperandrogenism is a condition caused by relative or absolute androgen excess originating from the ovaries and/or the adrenal glands. Hirsutism, in other words, increased terminal hair growth in androgen-dependent areas of the body, is considered the most effective measure of hyperandrogenism in women. Other symptoms can be acne and androgenic alopecia or the development of virilization, including clitoromegaly. Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism may also be associated with metabolic disorders such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Mild hyperandrogenic symptoms can be due to relative androgen excess associated with menopausal transition or polycystic ovary syndrome, which is likely the most common cause of postmenopausal hyperandrogenism. Virilizing symptoms, on the other hand, can be caused by ovarian hyperthecosis or an androgen-producing ovarian or adrenal tumor that could be malignant. Determination of serum testosterone, preferably by tandem mass spectrometry, is the first step in the endocrine evaluation, providing important information on the degree of androgen excess. Testosterone &gt;5 nmol/L is associated with virilization and requires prompt investigation to rule out an androgen-producing tumor in the first instance. To localize the source of androgen excess, imaging techniques are used, such as transvaginal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the ovaries and computed tomography and MRI for the adrenals. Bilateral oophorectomy or surgical removal of an adrenal tumor is the main curative treatment and will ultimately lead to a histopathological diagnosis. Mild to moderate symptoms of androgen excess are treated with antiandrogen therapy or specific endocrine therapy depending on diagnosis. This review summarizes the most relevant causes of hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women and suggests principles for clinical investigation and treatment.
Exposure to Childhood Poverty and Racial Differences in Economic Opportunity in Young Adulthood
Authors: Parolin Zachary , Matsudaira Jordan , Waldfogel Jane , Wimer Christopher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractYoung adults in the United States, especially young Black adults, experience high poverty rates relative to other age groups. Prior research has largely attributed racial disparities in young adult poverty to differential attainment of benchmarks related to education, employment, and family formation. This study investigates that mechanism alongside racial differences in childhood poverty exposure. Analyses of Panel Study of Income Dynamics data reveal that racial differences in childhood poverty are more consequential than differential attainment of education, employment, and family formation benchmarks in shaping racial differences in young adult poverty. Whereas benchmark attainment reduces an individual's likelihood of poverty, racial differences in benchmark attainment do not meaningfully explain Black–White poverty gaps for three reasons. First, childhood poverty is negatively associated with benchmark attainment, generating strong selection effects into the behavioral characteristics associated with lower poverty. Second, benchmark attainment does not equalize poverty rates among Black and White men. Third, Black children experience four times the poverty rate of White children, and childhood poverty has lingering negative consequences for young adult poverty. Although equalizing benchmark attainment would reduce Black–White gaps in young adult poverty, equalizing childhood poverty exposure would have twice the reduction effect.
Correlative light and electron microscopy reveals fork-shaped structures at actin entry sites of focal adhesions
Authors: Legerstee Karin , Sueters Jason , Abraham Tsion E. , Slotman Johan A. , Kremers Gert-Jan , Hoogenboom Jacob P. , Houtsmuller Adriaan B. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Focal adhesions (FAs) are the main cellular structures to link the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. FAs mediate cell adhesion, are important for cell migration and are involved in many (patho)-physiological processes. Here we examined FAs and their associated actin fibres using correlative fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We used fluorescence images of cells expressing paxillin-GFP to define the boundaries of FA complexes in SEM images, without using SEM contrast enhancing stains. We observed that SEM contrast was increased around the actin fibre entry site in 98% of FAs, indicating increases in protein density and possibly also phosphorylation levels in this area. In nearly three quarters of the FAs, these nanostructures had a fork shape, with the actin forming the stem and the high-contrast FA areas the fork. In conclusion, the combination of fluorescent and electron microscopy allowed accurate localisation of a highly abundant, novel fork structure at the FA-actin interface.
Kinematic and hydrodynamic analyses of turning manoeuvres in penguins: body banking and wing upstroke generate centripetal force
Authors: Harada Natsuki , Tanaka Hiroto 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Penguins perform lift-based swimming by flapping their wings. Previous kinematic and hydrodynamic studies have revealed the basics of wing motion and force generation in penguins. Although these studies have focused on steady forward swimming, the mechanism of turning manoeuvres is not well understood. In this study, we examined the horizontal turning of penguins via 3D motion analysis and quasi-steady hydrodynamic analysis. Free swimming of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at an aquarium was recorded, and body and wing kinematics were analysed. In addition, quasi-steady calculations of the forces generated by the wings were performed. Among the selected horizontal swimming manoeuvres, turning was distinguished from straight swimming by the body trajectory for each wingbeat. During the turns, the penguins maintained outward banking through a wingbeat cycle and utilized a ventral force during the upstroke as a centripetal force to turn. Within a single wingbeat during the turns, changes in the body heading and bearing also mainly occurred during the upstroke, while the subsequent downstroke accelerated the body forward. We also found contralateral differences in the wing motion, i.e. the inside wing of the turn became more elevated and pronated. Quasi-steady calculations of the wing force confirmed that the asymmetry of the wing motion contributes to the generation of the centripetal force during the upstroke and the forward force during the downstroke. The results of this study demonstrate that the hydrodynamic force of flapping wings, in conjunction with body banking, is actively involved in the mechanism of turning manoeuvres in penguins.
Anti-angiogenic effect of the combination of low-dose sorafenib and EGCG in HCC-induced Wistar rats
Authors: Irawan Andry , Prabowo Erik , Riwanto Ignatius , Atmodjo Wahyuni Lukita 
Published: November 2022

Background: Sorafenib is a standard drug used for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma but is often resistant and toxic. Its combination with epigallo-3-catechin gallate leads to reduced resistance and toxicity but an equally effective anti-angiogenic effect.Therefore, this study aims to assess the anti-angiogenic effect of standard-dose Sorafenib compared to the combination of low-dose Sorafenib and epigallo-3-catechin gallate. Methods: We conducted an animal study and double-blind, randomized controlled trials. A total of 25 male Wistar rats (7-weeks-old) were randomly divided into four groups, namely Sham (K), Control (O), a combination of low-dose Sorafenib and epigallo-3-catechin gallate group (X1), and standard-dose Sorafenib group (X2). All groups were injected with N-Nitrosodiethylamine 70 mg/kg body weight (BW) intraperitoneally for ten weeks, except the Sham group. After the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, X1 and X2 were treated for two weeks. Subsequently, liver tissues were examined for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and microvascular density expression. Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.007) in the level of VEGF between group X1 (low dose Sorafenib + EGCG) and X2 (Standard dose Sorafenib). However, the differences in VEGF levels of group X1 and X2 compared to group O(Control) were significantly lower, with values p=0.000136 and p=0.019, respectively. The expression of microvascular density between groups X1 and X2 was not entirely different. Meanwhile, a significant difference (p<0.05) was discovered when both groups were compared with the control group. Conclusion: The combination of low-dose Sorafenib with epigallo-3-catechin gallate is superior in reducing the level of VEGF compared to standard-dose Sorafenib and is better than the control. Standard-dose Sorafenib and the combination of low-dose Sorafenib and epigallo-3-catechin gallate have similar effectivity in reducing the expression of microvascular density and could prevent resistance and lower toxicity effects.
Effectiveness of a peanut ball device during labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kamath Pratibha , Pai Muralidhar , Shenoy Revathi , Karkada Sushmitha , D’souza Sonia , Noronha Judith 
Published: November 2022

Frequent positional changes and movements during labour is one of the recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent prolonged labour, thereby avoiding cesarean sections. However, labour induction, continuous fetal monitoring in supine position and immobilising the women during labour are standard practices in most private hospitals. To combat these problems and to implement WHO recommendations, the peanut ball is an effective device through which frequent positional changes will be achieved without disrupting the labour procedures. The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the peanut ball device during labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes and assess the stress response induced by labour in terms of maternal and neonatal cortisol in low-risk primigravid women. The study is a prospective, block randomised controlled trial with parallel arms. A total of 768 study participants will be randomised to the peanut-ball group (intervention) and standard care group (control). The intervention group will receive different peanut ball positions during labour at or after 4 cm of cervical dilatation. The primary outcomes of the study are maternal outcome that includes measurement of duration of the active and the second stage of labour, stress level as measured by serum cortisol level at 3–4 cm and at 10 cm of cervical dilatation, mode of delivery, perception of pain, behavioural response during the active stage of labour and neonatal outcomes, which includes the pattern of fetal heart rate, APGAR score, birth injuries, and umbilical serum and salivary cortisol level. The collected data will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Trial Registration: This research is registered under the CTRI (Clinical Trials Registry of India) (CTRI/2019/08/020802) (21/8/2019).
The Nigerian youth and their positive attitude towards the national drive against the spread of COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Jaiyesimi Boluwaji , Bamitale Toba , Diyaolu Babajide , Alabi Kolawole 
Published: November 2022

Background: The global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)has led to the need to prioritise public health campaign by all stakeholders among diverse population groups. This study investigated the dispositions of Nigerian adolescents towards the prevention of the spread of COVID-19. Methods: The young adolescents (n=1,529) included in this study, were between the ages of 15 and 26 years from Afe Babalola University. Students were contacted through their various colleges and residential hostels to complete the questionnaire via a shared link. All students included, voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study by completing the adapted COVID-19 knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire. The collected data were analysed to show the level of knowledge, attitude and preventative practices and also to test for significant association between gender and variables for the study. The study was conducted between March 23-April 25, 2021. Results: The outcome of the findings showed that students with families with 5-10 members showed significant association with knowledge accuracy on COVID-19 (χ2 = 6.077, p = 0.044). There was a significant association between gender and the need to report the suspected case of COVID-19 infection to the health authorities (χ2 = 14.075, p = 0.001) with more females likely to report a suspected case. More females (59.2%) were significantly (χ2 = 8.904, p = 0.012) involved in the practice of social distancing or home quarantine as a preventive measure. Conclusions: This study showed evidence of high prevalence of knowledge related to COVID-19 in majority of the study participants. This is a pointer to the efficacy and success of present public health campaigns in Nigeria.
The circadian clock mediates the response to oxidative stress in a cone photoreceptor‒like (661W) cell line via regulation of glutathione peroxidase activity
Authors: Baba Kenkichi , Suen Ting-Chung , Goyal Varunika , Stowie Adam , Davidson Alec , DeBruyne Jason , Tosini Gianluca 
Published: November 2022

Background: The mammalian retina contains an autonomous circadian clock that controls many physiological functions within this tissue. Our previous studies have indicated that disruption of this circadian clock by removing Bmal1 from the retina affects the visual function, retinal circuitry, and cone photoreceptor viability during aging. In the present study, we employed a mouse-derived cone photoreceptor‒like cell, 661W, to investigate which molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock may modulate cone photoreceptor viability during aging. Methods: Bmal1 knockout (BKO) cells were generated from 661W cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool. Deletion of Bmal1 from 661W was verified by western blot and monitoring Per2-luc bioluminescence circadian rhythms. To investigate the effect of Bmal1 removal on an oxidative stress challenge, cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2,1 mM) for two hours and then cell viability was assessed. Cells were also cultured and harvested for gene expression analysis and antioxidant assay. Results: Our data indicated that 661W cells contain a functional circadian clock that mediates the response to an oxidative stress challenge in vitro and that such a response is no longer present in the BKO cell. We also hypothesized that the effect was due to the circadian regulation of the intracellular antioxidant defense mechanism. Our results revealed that in 661W cells, the antioxidant defense mechanism showed time dependent variation , whereas in BKO cells, there was an overall reduction in this antioxidant defense mechanism, and it no longer showed time dependent variation. Conclusions: Our work supported the notion that the presence of a functional circadian clock and its ability to modulate the response to an oxidative stress is the underlying mechanism that may protect cones during aging.