bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold-Induced Thermogenesis Shows a Diurnal Variation That Unfolds Differently in Males and Females
Authors: Straat Maaike E , Martinez-Tellez Borja , Sardjoe Mishre Aashley , Verkleij Magdalena M A , Kemmeren Mirjam , Pelsma Iris C M , Alcantara Juan M A , Mendez-Gutierrez Andrea , Kooijman Sander , Boon Mariëtte R , Rensen Patrick C N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Cold exposure mobilizes lipids to feed thermogenic processes in organs, including brown adipose tissue (BAT). In rodents, BAT metabolic activity exhibits a diurnal rhythm, which is highest at the start of the wakeful period.

Objective
We investigated whether cold-induced thermogenesis displays diurnal variation in humans and differs between the sexes.

Methods
This randomized crossover study included 24 young and lean male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) participants who underwent 2.5-hour personalized cooling using water-perfused mattresses in the morning (7:45 am) and evening (7:45 pm), with 1 day in between. We measured energy expenditure (EE) and supraclavicular skin temperature in response to cold exposure.

Results
In males, cold-induced EE was higher in the morning than in the evening (+54% ± 10% vs +30% ± 7%; P = 0.05) but did not differ between morning and evening in females (+37% ± 9% vs +30% ± 10%; P = 0.42). Only in males, supraclavicular skin temperature upon cold increased more in morning than evening (+0.2 ± 0.1 °C vs −0.2 ± 0.2 °C; P = 0.05). In males, circulating free fatty acid (FFA) levels were increased after morning cold exposure, but not evening (+90% ± 18% vs +9% ± 8%; P &lt; 0.001). In females, circulating FFA (+94% ± 21% vs +20% ± 5%; P = 0.006), but also triglycerides (+42% ± 5% vs +29% ± 4%, P = 0.01) and cholesterol levels (+17% ± 2% vs 11% ± 2%; P = 0.05) were more increased after cold exposure in morning than in evening.

Conclusion
Cold-induced thermogenesis is higher in morning than evening in males; however, lipid metabolism is more modulated in the morning than the evening in females.
First Year Metabolic and Hormonal Behavior Define two Different Populations of SGA Newborn for Weight or Height
Authors: Guazzarotti Laura , Mauri Silvia , Santi Daniele , Pogliani Laura , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Context
Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children have a particular metabolic and hormonal pattern at birth that changes rapidly.

Objective
To evaluate the linear and weight growth in the first year of life in SGA children.

Design
Prospective, monocentric cohort study.

Setting
Real-world data collected from April 2012 to January 2016.

Patients
SGA newborns uniformly defined by either growth or length lower than -2 SDs for gestational age.

Interventions
All children were evaluated for 1 year after birth, at 3 days of life, then 3, 6, and 12 months after birth.

Main outcome measures
Anthropometric parameters and biochemical variables, such as blood glucose, insulin, leptin, IGF-1, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index.

Results
A total of 133 SGA children were enrolled. Length significantly improved 1 month after birth, whereas weight significantly increased only at 3 months after birth. Biochemical variables increased during the first year of life, showing a prediction by IGFBP-3 and HOMA-IR index. Then, the variables were divided considering either weight, length, or both, showing a different incidence. The biochemical variable changes recorded in the first step were maintained considering SGA children for weight or length, whereas they disappeared when weight and length were considered together.

Conclusions
Our study shows a specific catchup growth for weight and length in SGA children. Moreover, we highlight that weight and length should be considered as independent parameters in SGA children, defining 2 different metabolic-hormonal populations with different conceivable predictive role in early catchup growth and in later growth and metabolic status.
Thrombin Generation in Cardiac Versus Noncardiac Surgical Cohorts
Authors: Ericksen W. Leif , Levy Jerrold H. , Kim Ethan S. , Nie Lizhou , Senzel Lisa B. , Bennett-Guerrero Elliott 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Bleeding can be a significant problem after cardiac surgery. As a result, venous thromboembolism (VTE) or anticoagulation or both following mechanical valve implantation are often delayed in these patients. The calibrated automated thrombin (CAT) generation assay has become the gold standard to evaluate thrombin generation, a critical step in clot formation independent of other hemostatic processes (eg, platelet activation, fibrin cross-linking, and fibrinolysis), and is increasingly used to examine thrombotic and hemorrhagic outcomes. No study has currently used this assay to compare the thrombin generation profiles of cardiac surgical patients to noncardiac surgical patients. We hypothesize that noncardiac patients may be less prone to postoperative changes in thrombin generation.

METHODS:
A prospective, observational, cohort study was undertaken using blood samples from 50 cardiac and 50 noncardiac surgical patients preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and on postoperative days 1 to 4. Platelet-poor plasma samples were obtained from patients preoperatively, on arrival to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) or intensive care unit (ICU), and daily on postoperative days 1 to 4 if patients remained inpatient. Samples were evaluated for CAT measurements. Patient and surgical procedure characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical record.

RESULTS:
The primary outcome variable, median endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), measured in nanomolar × minutes (nM × min), was decreased 100% in cardiac surgical versus 2% in noncardiac patients (P < .001). All parameters of thrombin generation were similarly depressed. Cardiac (versus noncardiac) surgical type was associated with −76.5% difference of percent change in ETP on multivariable regression analysis (95% confidence interval [CI], −87.4 to −65.5; P value <.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac surgical patients exhibit a profound decrease in thrombin generation postoperatively compared with noncardiac surgical patients evaluated by this study. Hemodilution and coagulation factor depletion likely contribute to this decreased thrombin generation after cardiac surgery.
Evaluation of the Duration of Preanesthesia Consultation: Prospective and Multicenter Study
Authors: Compère Vincent , Froemer Benoit , Clavier Thomas , Selim Jean , Burey Julien , Dureuil Bertrand , Gillibert André , Besnier Emmanuel 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
The time allocated to the preanesthesia consultation (PAC) of a patient undergoing an elective surgical procedure is an important factor to optimize consultation sessions. The main objective of this study was to build a model predictive of the duration of the PAC.

METHODS:
We prospectively studied 1007 patients undergoing a PAC from January 2016 to June 2018 in 4 different hospitals. A general linear model was fitted to predict the overall duration of the PAC. Secondary models predicted the time spent on clinical evaluation and the time assigned to delivering information.

RESULTS:
After exclusion of 40 patients with major data inconsistencies, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) overall duration of the PAC was 11.2 (5.8) minutes, split into 6.8 (4.1) minutes of information and 4.4 (2.7) minutes of clinical evaluation. It was, respectively, 11.4 (5.9), 6.9 (4.2), and 4.4 (2.7) in the 924 patients ≥16 years of age and, respectively, 8.3 (2.3), 4.3 (1.8), and 4.1 (1.8) in 43 children. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, the number of comorbidities or treatment, surgery discipline, and context (ambulatory, conventional hospitalization, and intensive care unit) were significantly correlated to PAC time. In the 924 adult patients, the models had an R
2 adjusted for overfitting at 0.47 for the total duration of PAC, 0.45 for the clinical examination time, and 0.24 for the information time. The estimated residual standard deviations were, respectively, 4.3, 3.1, and 2.7 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The predictive performances of the model explaining the overall duration of PAC were average (R
2 = 0.47) and should be confirmed by further studies to use it for optimizing the organization of the consultation by individualizing the time dedicated to each consultation.
Identification of enhancer regulatory elements that direct epicardial gene expression during zebrafish heart regeneration
Authors: Cao Yingxi , Xia Yu , Balowski Joseph J. , Ou Jianhong , Song Lingyun , Safi Alexias , Curtis Timothy , Crawford Gregory E. , Poss Kenneth D. , Cao Jingli 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The epicardium is a mesothelial tissue layer that envelops the heart. Cardiac injury activates dynamic gene expression programs in epicardial tissue, which in zebrafish enables subsequent regeneration through paracrine and vascularizing effects. To identify tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) that control injury-induced epicardial gene expression during heart regeneration, we profiled transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility in epicardial cells purified from regenerating zebrafish hearts. We identified hundreds of candidate TREEs, which are defined by increased chromatin accessibility of non-coding elements near genes with increased expression during regeneration. Several of these candidate TREEs were incorporated into stable transgenic lines, with five out of six elements directing injury-induced epicardial expression but not ontogenetic epicardial expression in larval hearts. Whereas two independent TREEs linked to the gene gnai3 showed similar functional features of gene regulation in transgenic lines, two independent ncam1a-linked TREEs directed distinct spatiotemporal domains of epicardial gene expression. Thus, multiple TREEs linked to a regeneration gene can possess either matching or complementary regulatory controls. Our study provides a new resource and principles for understanding the regulation of epicardial genetic programs during heart regeneration.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Emerin self-assembly and nucleoskeletal coupling regulate nuclear envelope mechanics against stress
Authors: Fernandez Anthony , Bautista Markville , Wu Liying , Pinaud Fabien 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Emerin is an integral nuclear envelope protein that participates in the maintenance of nuclear shape. When mutated or absent, emerin causes X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). To understand how emerin takes part in molecular ­­scaffolding at the nuclear envelope and helps protect the nucleus against mechanical stress, we established its nanoscale organization using single-molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy. We show that emerin monomers form localized oligomeric nanoclusters stabilized by both lamin A/C and the SUN1-containing linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Interactions of emerin with nuclear actin and BAF (also known as BANF1) additionally modulate its membrane mobility and its ability to oligomerize. In nuclei subjected to mechanical challenges, the mechanotransduction functions of emerin are coupled to changes in its oligomeric state, and the incremental self-assembly of emerin determines nuclear shape adaptation against mechanical forces. We also show that the abnormal nuclear envelope deformations induced by EDMD emerin mutants stem from improper formation of lamin A/C and LINC complex-stabilized emerin oligomers. These findings place emerin at the center of the molecular processes that regulate nuclear shape remodeling in response to mechanical challenges.
Natural language processing for aviation safety: extracting knowledge from publicly-available loss of separation reports
Authors: Buselli Irene , Oneto Luca , Dambra Carlo , Verdonk Gallego Christian , García Martínez Miguel , Smoker Anthony , Ike Nnenna , Pejovic Tamara , Ruiz Martino Patricia 
Published: February 2022

Background: The air traffic management (ATM) system has historically coped with a global increase in traffic demand ultimately leading to increased operational complexity. When dealing with the impact of this increasing complexity on system safety it is crucial to automatically analyse the losses of separation (LoSs) using tools able to extract meaningful and actionable information from safety reports. Current research in this field mainly exploits natural language processing (NLP) to categorise the reports,with the limitations that the considered categories need to be manually annotated by experts and that general taxonomies are seldom exploited. Methods: To address the current gaps,authors propose to perform exploratory data analysis on safety reports combining state-of-the-art techniques like topic modelling and clustering and then to develop an algorithm able to extract the Toolkit for ATM Occurrence Investigation (TOKAI) taxonomy factors from the free-text safety reports based on syntactic analysis. TOKAI is a tool for investigation developed by EUROCONTROL and its taxonomy is intended to become a standard and harmonised approach to future investigations. Results: Leveraging on the LoS events reported in the public databases of the Comisión de Estudio y Análisis de Notificaciones de Incidentes de Tránsito Aéreo and the United Kingdom Airprox Board,authors show how their proposal is able to automatically extract meaningful and actionable information from safety reports,other than to classify their content according to the TOKAI taxonomy. The quality of the approach is also indirectly validated by checking the connection between the identified factors and the main contributor of the incidents. Conclusions: Authors' results are a promising first step toward the full automation of a general analysis of LoS reports supported by results on real-world data coming from two different sources. In the future,authors' proposal could be extended to other taxonomies or tailored to identify factors to be included in the safety taxonomies.
Evaluación de la formación ética en la psicología colombiana
Authors: Ballesteros de Valderrama Blanca Patricia , Berrío-Acosta Gloria María , Sánchez-Ramírez Maritza 
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación dirigida a evaluar la formación ética recibida en los estudios de psicología, que hizo parte del Proyecto “Razonamiento y juicio ético de profesionales de la psicología en Iberoamérica, estudio en Colombia”. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología multimétodo con grupos focales en seis campos del ejercicio profesional, un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y una escala de valoración de la formación ética, adaptada de Pope et al. (1987). Respondieron la escala 528 psicólogas y psicólogos de diferentes regiones del país, la mayoría gresados después de la Ley 1090 de 2006. En los grupos focales participaron 44 psicólogas y 17 psicólogos, con experiencia en el respectivo campo disciplinar. El 86.3% calificó como buena o excelente la formación recibida en el programa de grado, lo mismo que la mayoría de quienes la recibieron en programas de posgrado o de educación continua. En los grupos focales se comentaron las falencias de la formación ética en los programas académicos y se hicieron recomendaciones para orientarla a modelos situados, previa preparación de los docentes. Se resaltó la importancia del Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos (Colpsic), en la función de promover espacios para análisis y discusión ética de casos, y la función de la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Psicología (Ascofapsi), en la promoción de una educación ética de calidad en los programas de psicología. Se discuten los resultados a la luz del proyecto y de laliteratura especializada.
Branch-and-Price Approaches for Real-Time Vehicle Routing with Picking, Loading, and Soft Time Windows
Authors: Wölck Martin , Meisel Stephan 
Published: February 2022

We propose and evaluate branch-and-price approaches for vehicle routing problems with picking, loading, and soft time windows. This general type of vehicle routing problem is of particular relevance in the same-day delivery context, in which fast routing algorithms are required because of the commitment to real-time delivery in the presence of high customer order frequencies. To boost the performance of the branch-and-price algorithms, we introduce the new method of tree-compatible labeling with nondominance trees. This method represents cost functions by a fixed number of breakpoints and uses a specialized tree-based data structure to store Pareto-optimal labels. We prove the theoretical soundness of the new method and evaluate its performance numerically with respect to pricing, column generation, and branch-and-price. Our numerical results show that the method yields substantial performance gains. In particular, we show that, with the new method, branch-and-price is able to reliably generate within a few minutes close to optimal solutions for problem instances with 50 customers. By additional experiments with classic vehicle routing problems with hard time windows, we show that the performance gains of our method result from its ability to handle cost functions in the pricing step. Our approach is the first branch-and-price approach for vehicle routing with picking, loading, and soft time windows. As such, it represents an exact routing algorithm that is able to reliably satisfy the runtime requirements of real-time delivery services. Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we propose the first branch-and-price approaches for a general class of vehicle routing problems with picking, loading, and soft time windows. This problem class is of particular importance for real-time delivery services, for which customers expect to be served within only a few hours after their order has been placed. We provide a problem formulation that takes into account that short runtimes of routing algorithms are required, that the upper bounds of the customers’ time windows may be violated at a certain cost, and that a significant part of the delivery time window is consumed by picking orders from a warehouse and loading orders into vehicles. Solving the problem with branch-and-price requires the use of cost functions as elements of the labels in the pricing step. We propose a method that approximates these cost functions and leverages the computational performance of nondominance tree data structures for solving the pricing problem. We prove the theoretical soundness of this new method for exact branch-and-price, and we show numerically that the method leads to a significant performance increase of branch-and-price. The paper lies at the intersection of computing and operations research, in particular because our algorithms are designed to leverage the computational performance of advanced data structures for solving a combinatorial optimization problem.
A Systematic Review of Direct Assessments to Evaluate Psychotropic Medication Effects for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Torelli Jessica N. , Lloyd Blair P. , Pollack Marney S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To evaluate effects of psychotropic medication for children with disabilities, direct assessments may offer a valuable supplement to caregiver reports. Relative to indirect assessment, direct measures of behavior can increase objectivity and sensitivity, and some have potential to isolate distinct behavioral and learning processes. We conducted a systematic, narrative literature review to identify and describe the types and qualities of direct assessment methods that have been used to evaluate effects of non-stimulant psychotropic medication for children with disabilities. We identified 50 studies and 78 direct assessments, which we organized and described using seven assessment categories. Only one study met all three direct assessment quality indicators. We use our descriptive results to highlight research trends and gaps that warrant further study.
Electromyographic measures of asymmetric muscle control of swallowing in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Diaz Kasandra , Stegemöller Elizabeth E. L. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
During the early stages, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is well recognized as an asymmetric disease with unilateral onset of resting tremor with varying degrees of rigidity, and bradykinesia. However, it remains unknown if other impairments, such as swallowing impairment (i.e., dysphagia), also present asymmetrically.

Purpose
The primary aim of this study was to examine muscle activity associated with swallow on the most affected side (MAS) and least affected side (LAS) in persons with PD. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between differences in muscle activity associated with swallow and subjective reports of swallowing impairment and disease severity.

Methods
Function of muscles associated with swallowing was assessed using surface electromyography placed over the right and left submental and laryngeal regions during three swallows for a THIN and THICK condition. The Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were collected as measures of subjective swallow impairment and disease severity, respectively.

Results
Thirty-five participants diagnosed with idiopathic PD and on a stable antiparkinsonian medication regimen completed this study. Results revealed no significant mean difference in muscle activity during swallow between the more and less affected side. For the laryngeal muscle region, a significant difference in coefficient of variation between the MAS and LAS was revealed for peak amplitude for the THIN swallow condition. For the laryngeal muscle region, a significant association was revealed between muscle activity and disease severity but not subjective reports of swallowing impairment.

Conclusion
Superficially it appears that swallowing impairment present symmetrical during the early stages of PD, however, our variability data indicates otherwise. These results will be used to inform future studies in specific types of swallowing impairment (i.e., oral dysphagia, pharyngeal dysphagia, and esophageal dysphagia), disease progression, and overall asymmetry.