bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of transverse magnetic field on wake dynamics and heat transfer through a porous circular cylinder
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Chatterjee Dipankar , Mondal Bittagopal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA two‐dimensional numerical simulation using the commercial computational fluid dynamics package ANSYS Fluent 15.0 is performed to investigate the effect of a transverse magnetic field on the wake dynamics around a heated porous circular cylinder. The study is conducted considering a Newtonian, incompressible, and electrically conductive fluid with constant properties for the low Reynolds number laminar regime. In the range of Reynolds number (Re = 10–40), recirculating vortices are observed to penetrate (or detach) into (from) the porous cylinder surface depending on the Darcy number, Da (10−6 to 10−2). The effect of the magnetic field parameter (Hartmann number) Ha (0–10) on the detachment and penetration characteristics of a porous cylinder is reported for the first time. A steady separated flow behind the cylinder turns into an attached flow at a critical magnetic field strength. Accordingly, the critical Hartmann number (Hacr) is estimated for the complete suppression of the flow separation behind the porous cylinder. Hacr is found to decrease with an increase in Da and a decrease in Re. The wake behind the cylinder is also found to be detached from the cylinder surface at a particular value of the magnetic field strength termed as the detachment Hartmann number (Had). Had also decreased with an increase in Da and decrease of Re. In addition, the effect of Ha on the separation angle, recirculation length, detachment length, and drag coefficient is also discussed. Furthermore, the effect of the magnetic field on the forced convective heat transfer characteristics is also studied considering various fluids (Prandtl number, Pr = 0.02, 0.71, and 7) past the circular permeable cylinder. At a particular Pr, the heat transfer rate is almost invariant for low permeability, whereas it increases significantly at higher permeability with an applied magnetic field. The rate of heat transfer increases with the Prandtl number for all Hartmann and Darcy numbers. Finally, a correlation is developed to predict the average heat transfer as a function of Re, Pr, Da, and Ha.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure through munitions in the Russia–Ukraine conflict
Authors: Koban Lauren A. , Pfluger Andrew R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Considered contaminants of emerging concern, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of toxic, manufactured chemicals found in commercial and consumer products such as nonstick cookware, food packaging, and firefighting foams. Human exposure to PFAS through inhalation and ingestion can cause a variety of harmful effects and negative health outcomes. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances possess high polarity and chemical stability, enabling them to resist degradation in most environmental conditions. These characteristics allow PFAS to be mobile in soil, air, and water, and bioaccumulate in living organisms. Due to their thermally resistant chemical properties, PFAS are used as binders in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX) and in various components of munitions. Thus, when munitions are detonated, PFAS are released into the environment as aerosols and can deposit in the soil, surface water, or biota. Air emission modeling suggests that ground-level and airborne detonation of munitions can increase PFAS deposition both locally and long range. Further, if industrial facilities with PFAS are damaged or destroyed, there is greater potential for environmental degradation from increased release of PFAS into the environment. As a consequence of their persistent nature, PFAS can remain in an environment long after armed conflict, indirectly affecting ecosystems, food sources, and human health. The toxic contamination from munitions could present a greater hazard to a larger population over time than acute detonation events. This article discusses methods for estimating war-related damage from PFAS by exploring predictive modeling approaches and postwar ground validation techniques. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:376–381. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Dickkopf‐1 expression is repressed by oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and regulates the Cisplatin sensitivity of HPV‐positive cancer cells in a JNK‐dependent manner
Authors: Frensemeier Kristin , Holzer Angela , Hoppe‐Seyler Karin , Hoppe‐Seyler Felix 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types control the phenotype of cervical cancer cells through the sustained expression of the viral E6/E7 oncogenes. Here, we show that they strongly restrain expression of the putative tumor suppressor protein Dkk1 (Dickkopf‐1) in HPV‐positive cervical cancer cells through the restriction of p53 expression by the continuously expressed endogenous E6 oncoprotein. Moreover, our study reveals that compromised Dkk1 expression is linked to increased resistance of HPV‐positive cervical cancer cells toward the proapoptotic activity of Cisplatin. Although Dkk1 can act as a Wnt antagonist, the antiapoptotic effect resulting from Dkk1 repression is not linked to an activation of this pathway. Rather, transcriptome and functional analyses uncover that Dkk1 repression leads to a strongly diminished stimulation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling which is required for efficient apoptosis induction by Cisplatin in cervical cancer cells. Further, we observed that Dkk1‐depleted cervical cancer cells induce senescence under Cisplatin treatment instead of apoptosis, suggesting that Dkk1 levels can strongly influence the phenotypic response of these cells toward Cisplatin. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the virus/host cell crosstalk in cervical cancer cells by identifying Dkk1 as a cellular target which is maintained under strong negative control by the continuous expression of the HPV oncogenes. Moreover, they identify Dkk1 as a critical determinant for the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells toward Cisplatin, showing that Dkk1 repression leads to increased Cisplatin resistance by impairing proapoptotic JNK signaling.
Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of skin cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC)
Authors: Mahamat‐Saleh Yahya , Al‐Rahmoun Marie , Severi Gianluca , Ghiasvand Reza , Veierod Marit B. , Caini Saverio , Palli Domenico , Botteri Edoardo , Sacerdote Carlotta , Ricceri Fulvio , Lukic Marko , Sánchez Maria J. , Pala Valeria , Tumino Rosario , Chiodini Paolo , Amiano Pilar , Colorado‐Yohar Sandra , Chirlaque María‐Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Bonet Catalina , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. , Overvad Kim , Dahm Christina C. , Antoniussen Christian S. , Tjønneland Anne , Kyrø Cecilie , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Bas , Manjer Jonas , Jansson Malin , Esberg Anders , Mori Nagisa , Ferrari Pietro , Weiderpass Elisabete , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Kvaskoff Marina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExperimental evidence suggests that alcohol induces cutaneous carcinogenesis, yet epidemiological studies on the link between alcohol intake and skin cancer have been inconsistent. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) is a prospective cohort initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Alcohol intake at baseline and average lifetime alcohol intake were assessed using validated country‐specific dietary and lifestyle questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in Cox models. A total of 14 037 skin cancer cases (melanoma: n = 2457; basal‐cell carcinoma (BCC): n = 8711; squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC): n = 1928; unknown: n = 941) were identified among 450 112 participants (average follow‐up: 15 years). Baseline alcohol intake was positively associated with SCC (>15 vs 0.1‐4.9 g/day: HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17‐1.77; Ptrend = .001), BCC (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.23; Ptrend = .04), and melanoma risks in men (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.95‐1.44; Ptrend = .17), while associations were more modest in women (SCC: HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.90‐1.30; Ptrend = .13; BCC: HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00‐1.17, Ptrend = .03; melanoma: HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.80‐1.08, Ptrend = .13). Associations were similar for lifetime alcohol intake, with an attenuated linear trend. Lifetime liquor/spirit intake was positively associated with melanoma (fourth vs first quartile: HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.08‐1.99; Ptrend = .0009) and BCC risks in men (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.04‐1.31; Ptrend = .14). Baseline and lifetime intakes of wine were associated with BCC risk (HR = 1.25 in men; HR = 1.11‐1.12; in women). No statistically significant associations were found between beverage types and SCC risk. Intake of beer was not associated with skin cancer risk. Our study suggests positive relationships between alcohol intake and skin cancer risk, which may have important implications for the primary prevention of skin cancer.
The FIGO ovulatory disorders classification system
Authors: Munro Malcolm G. , Balen Adam H. , Cho SiHyun , Critchley Hilary O. D. , Díaz Ivonne , Ferriani Rui , Henry Laurie , Mocanu Edgar , van der Spuy Zephne M. ,   for the FIGO Committee on Menstrual Disorders and Related Health Impacts, and FIGO Committee on Reproductive Medicine, Endocrinology, and Infertility
Published: August 2022

AbstractOvulatory disorders are common causes of amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility, and are frequent manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are many potential causes and contributors to ovulatory dysfunction that challenge clinicians, trainees, educators, and those who perform basic, translational, clinical, and epidemiological research. Similarly, therapeutic approaches to ovulatory dysfunction potentially involve a spectrum of lifestyle, psychological, medical, and procedural interventions. Collaborative research, effective education, and consistent clinical care remain challenged by the absence of a consensus comprehensive system for classification of these disorders. The existing and complex system, attributed to WHO, was developed more than three decades ago and did not consider more than 30 years of research into these disorders in addition to technical advances in imaging and endocrinology. This manuscript describes the development of a new classification of ovulatory disorders performed under the aegis of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and conducted using a rigorously applied Delphi process. The stakeholder organizations and individuals who participated in this process comprised specialty journals, experts at large, national, specialty obstetrical and gynecological societies, and informed lay representatives. After two face‐to‐face meetings and five Delphi rounds, the result is a three‐level multi‐tiered system. The system is applied after a preliminary assessment identifies the presence of an ovulatory disorder. The primary level of the system is based on an anatomic model (Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Ovary) that is completed with a separate category for PCOS. This core component of the system is easily remembered using the acronym HyPO‐P. Each anatomic category is stratified in the second layer of the system to provide granularity for investigators, clinicians, and trainees using the “GAIN‐FIT‐PIE” mnemonic (Genetic, Autoimmune, Iatrogenic, Neoplasm; Functional, Infectious and Inflammatory, Trauma and Vascular; Physiological, Idiopathic, Endocrine). The tertiary level allows for specific diagnostic entities. It is anticipated that, if widely adopted, this system will facilitate education, clinical care, and the design and interpretation of research in a fashion that better informs progress in this field. Integral to the deployment of this system is a periodic process of reevaluation and appropriate revision, reflecting an improved understanding of this collection of disorders.
Identification of dynamic latent factor models of skill formation with translog production
Authors: Del Bono Emilia , Kinsler Josh , Pavan Ronni 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn this paper, we highlight an important property of the translog production function for the identification of treatment effects in a model of latent skill formation. We show that when using a translog specification of the skill technology, properly anchored treatment effect estimates are invariant to any location and scale normalizations of the underlying measures. By contrast, when researchers assume a CES production function and impose standard location and scale normalizations, the resulting treatment effect estimates vary with the chosen normalizations. Access to age‐invariant measures does not solve this problem since arbitrary scale and location restrictions are still imposed in the initial period. We theoretically prove the normalization invariance of the translog production function and then complete several empirical exercises illustrating the effects of location and scale normalizations for different technologies and types of skills measures.
Long‐run predictability tests are even worse than you thought
Authors: Hjalmarsson Erik , Kiss Tamas 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWe derive asymptotic results for the long‐horizon ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator and corresponding
‐statistic for stationary autoregressive predictors. The
‐statistic—formed using the correct asymptotic variance—together with standard‐normal critical values result in a correctly‐sized test for exogenous predictors. For endogenous predictors, the test is size distorted regardless of the persistence in the predictor and adjusted critical values are necessary. The endogeneity problem stems from the long‐run estimation and is distinct from the ordinary persistence‐dependent “Stambaugh” bias. The bias for fully stationary predictors appears not to have been previously noted and adds further difficulty to inference in long‐run predictive regressions.
Evaluation of the effect of green tea and its constituents on embryo development in a zebrafish model
Authors: Zhang Qiuping , Gao Qian , Zhao Lin , Li Xu , Wang Xixi , Wang Yuhua , Chen Dongyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs one of the most popular beverages, green tea has attracted much interest for its beneficial effects on human health. However, the toxicity of green tea and its underlying mechanism are still poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of green tea and its constituents on development by exposing zebrafish embryos to them. Morphologic results demonstrated that 0.1% and 0.2% green tea increased mortality, delayed epiboly of gastrulation, and shortened body length. Green tea altered the expression pattern of dlx3, cstlb, myod, and papc and decreased the expression levels of wnt5 and wnt11, suggesting that green tea disturbed convergence and extension movement through the downregulation of wnt5 and wnt11. The increased expression of the dorsal gene chordin and reduced expression of wnt8 and its target genes vox and vent in embryos exposed to 0.1% and 0.2% green tea indicated that green tea could affect dorsoventral differentiation by inhibiting the wnt8 signaling pathway. Additionally, green tea could inhibit epiboly progression by disrupting F‐actin organization or removing F‐actin in vegetal yolks during gastrulation. However, no malformation was caused by exposure to the five catechins and gallic acid individually. The mixture of constituents showed a similar effect to green tea solution on the embryos, such as smaller eyes and head, shorter body length, and slower heart rate, which indicated that the effect of green tea solution on embryo development was mainly due to the comprehensive effect of multiple components in the green tea solution.
Seasonality in tropical birds
Authors: Renthlei Zothanmawii , Yatung Subu , Lalpekhlui Ruth , Trivedi Amit Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe survival of offspring depends on environmental conditions. Many organisms have evolved with seasonality, characterized as initiation‐termination‐reinitiation of several physiological processes (i.e., body fattening, molt, plumage coloration, reproduction, etc). It is an adaptation for the survival of many species. Predominantly seasonal breeders use photoperiod as the most reliable environmental cue to adapt to seasonal changes but supplementary factors like temperature and food are synergistically involved in seasonal processes. Studies from diverse vertebrate systems have contributed to understanding the mechanism involved in seasonal reproduction at the molecular and endocrine levels. Long‐day induced thyrotropin (thyroid‐stimulating hormone) released from the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland triggers local thyroid hormone activation within the mediobasal hypothalamus. This locally produced thyroid hormone, T3, regulates seasonal gonadotropin‐releasing hormone secretion. Most of the bird species studied are seasonal in reproduction and linked behavior and, therefore, need to adjust reproductive decisions to environmental fluctuations. Reproductive strategies of the temperate zone breeders are well‐documented, but less is known about tropical birds' reproduction and factors stimulating the annual breeding strategies. Here, we address seasonality in tropical birds with reference to seasonal reproduction and the various environmental factors influencing seasonal breeding.
Health‐related needs reported by adolescents living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review
Authors: Chem Elvis D. , Ferry Alissa , Seeley Janet , Weiss Helen A. , Simms Victoria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have specific health needs that can be challenging to deliver. Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is home to 84% of the global population of ALHIV, of whom about 59% receive ART. Several studies in SSA have demonstrated health service gaps due to lack of synchronized healthcare for ALHIV receiving ART. We conducted a systematic review of health‐related needs among ALHIV on ART in SSA to inform decisions and policies on care.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane library and grey literature for studies reporting health‐related needs among ALHIV receiving ART in SSA, between January 2003 and May 2020.Results and discussionOf the 2333 potentially eligible articles identified, 32 were eligible. Eligible studies were published between 2008 and 2019, in 11 countries: Zambia (7), Uganda (6), Tanzania (4), South Africa (4), Kenya (3), Ghana (2), Zimbabwe (2), Rwanda (1), Malawi (1), Botswana (1) and Democratic Republic of Congo (1). Seven categories of health needs among ALHIV were identified. In descending order of occurrence, these were: psychosocial needs (stigma reduction, disclosure and privacy support, and difficulty accepting diagnosis); dependency of care (need for family and provider support, and desire for autonomy); self‐management needs (desire for better coping strategies, medication adherence support and reduced ART side effects); non‐responsive health services (non‐adolescent friendly facility services and non‐compatible school system); need for food, financial and material support; inadequate information about HIV (desire for more knowledge to fight misinformation and misconception); and developmental and growth needs (desire to experience sex, parenthood and love). Ecological analysis identified different priority needs between ALHIV, their caregivers and healthcare providers, including psychosocial needs, financial challenges and non‐responsive health services, respectively.ConclusionsTo respond effectively to the health needs of ALHIV and improve ART adherence, interventions should focus on stigma reduction, disclosure challenges and innovative coping mechanisms for ART. Interventions that address the health needs of ALHIV from the perspective of carers and providers, such as financial support schemes and adolescent‐friendly healthcare strategies, should supplement efforts to improve adolescent ART adherence outcomes.
Multi‐omics in classical galactosemia: Evidence for the involvement of multiple metabolic pathways
Authors: Hermans Merel E. , van Weeghel Michel , Vaz Frédéric M. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Hollak Carla E. M. , Huidekoper Hidde H. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , van Kuilenburg André B. P. , Pras‐Raves Mia L. , Wamelink Mirjam M. C. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Welsink‐Karssies Mendy M. , Bosch Annet M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClassical galactosemia (CG) is one of the more frequent inborn errors of metabolism affecting approximately 1:40.000 people. Despite a life‐saving galactose‐restricted diet, patients develop highly variable long‐term complications including intellectual disability and movement disorders. The pathophysiology of these complications is still poorly understood and development of new therapies is hampered by a lack of valid prognostic biomarkers. Multi‐omics approaches may discover new biomarkers and improve prediction of patient outcome. In the current study, (semi‐)targeted mass‐spectrometry based metabolomics and lipidomics were performed in erythrocytes of 40 patients with both classical and variant phenotypes and 39 controls. Lipidomics did not show any significant changes or deficiencies. The metabolomics analysis revealed that CG does not only compromise the Leloir pathway, but also involves other metabolic pathways including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and nucleotide metabolism in the erythrocyte. Moreover, the energy status of the cell appears to be compromised, with significantly decreased levels of ATP and ADP. This possibly is the consequence of two different mechanisms: impaired formation of ATP from ADP possibly due to reduced flux though the glycolytic pathway and trapping of phosphate in galactose‐1‐phosphate (Gal‐1P) which accumulates in CG. Our findings are in line with the current notion that the accumulation of Gal‐1P plays a key role in the pathophysiology of CG not only by depletion of intracellular phosphate levels but also by decreasing metabolite abundance downstream in the glycolytic pathway and affecting other pathways. New therapeutic options for CG could be directed towards the restoration of intracellular phosphate homeostasis.
Study of scaling effect of ferroelectric gate stack in planar InGaAs MOSFET
Authors: Maity Subir Kumar , Basak Arindam , Das Himadri Sekhar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNegative capacitance field effect transistors is found to be a promising option for low power VLSI devices in the advanced technology node. In this article, through extensive numerical simulation, we report the scaling effect of ferroelectric gate stack, channel thickness and gate length on electrostatic integrity, DC, analog and RF performance of InGaAs quantum well MOS transistor. The different DC and analog figure of merits such as on current (), switching ratio (), threshold voltage roll‐off, sub‐threshold swing (SS), trans‐conductance (), transconductance efficiency () of the test device has been analyzed for different ferroelectric layer thicknesses and compared with the baseline device. We have investigated RF performance such as gate capacitance, unity‐gain cut‐off frequency and small signal voltage gain of the device. Improvement in DC and analog figure of merits is proportional to the ferroelectric layer thickness. However, for higher values of ferroelectric thickness, the hysteresis effect gradually became prominent. MOS transistor with optimum ferroelectric layer thickness shows the negligible amount of threshold voltage roll‐off and improved transconductance‐frequency product compared to the baseline device. In presence of ferroelectric layer, the effect of channel thickness variation on device performance is reduced. The role of ferroelectric gate stack is found to be more prominent at shorter gate length.