bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent trends of ecosystem‐scale photosynthetic efficiency between arid and humid lands across the globe
Authors: Wei Fangli , Wang Shuai , Fu Bojie , Wang Lanhui , Zhang Wenmin , Wang Lixin , Pan Ning , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimWidespread greening and an increasing global terrestrial carbon sink over recent decades have been reported. However, the spatio‐temporal relationships between vegetation greenness and productivity and the factors influencing this relationship remain unclear. We define a new metric of ecosystem‐scale photosynthetic efficiency (EPE) to analyse its spatio‐temporal pattern and investigate how potential drivers regulate the greenness–productivity relationship.LocationGlobal.Time periodFrom 2001 to 2016.Major taxa studiedGlobal terrestrial ecosystems.MethodsThis study used global datasets of leaf area index (LAI) and solar‐induced fluorescence (SIF) as proxies of vegetation greenness and ecosystem productivity, respectively, to propose a new metric of SIF/LAI, representing ecosystem‐scale photosynthetic efficiency (EPE). We identified the spatial pattern and dynamics of EPE and examined factors influencing EPE.ResultsThe results showed a weaker increase in productivity compared with the global greening rate from 2001 to 2016, suggesting a decline in EPE at the global scale. This decline in EPE indicates a disproportionate increase in terrestrial productivity against the widespread greening. When stratified into areas following an aridity gradient, we found that EPE overall showed upward trends in arid and semi‐arid areas, and downward trends in dry sub‐humid and humid regions. The EPE was controlled primarily by soil moisture, which promoted or constrained the EPE in xeric and mesic ecosystems, respectively. Moreover, the increase in short vegetation cover and atmospheric water demand contributed positively or negatively to EPE changes in xeric and mesic ecosystems, respectively.Main conclusionsOur study shows that greening of the Earth is associated with decreasing EPE, revealing that current rates of carbon sequestration do not increase proportionally to greening of the Earth and highlighting that soil moisture is a key controller of EPE. These results help to reduce the uncertainties in future climate change impacts on vegetation dynamics, thus having implications for sustainable ecosystem management and climate change mitigation.
Dermatological adverse reactions after vaccination with BNT162b2 in a cohort of healthcare workers
Authors: Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo , Rivera‐Izquierdo Mario , Gil‐Villalba Ana , Pegalajar‐García Maria D. , Pérez‐Rojas Javier , Soler‐Iborte Eva , Valero‐Ubierna M Carmen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe description of the skin reactions produced by the different vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 has focused on the symptoms reported by the general population. There are few studies with very different measurement methods focused on healthcare workers.MethodsA longitudinal observational study was conducted on all the healthcare workers from the Hospital Universitario San Cecilio that received vaccination against COVID‐19 with BNT162b2. The recruitment period was from December 2020 to September 2021. The recommended regimen was double, with a minimum interval of 21 days between doses. All dermatological reactions reported as adverse effects of the vaccine were evaluated by the Staff of the Dermatology Unit of our center.ResultsA total of 3969 healthcare workers of our center were followed. Only 0.7% of them reported dermatological adverse reactions. The most frequently reported reactions were morbilliform rash and COVID arm. In the multivariate analysis, the vaccination regimen (one dose) and the history of COVID‐19 infection remained the main factors associated with the report of dermatological adverse reactions.ConclusionThe rate of dermatological adverse reactions after vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer‐BioNTech) is extraordinarily low. No patient required hospitalization, which supports the safety of this vaccination in a population of healthcare workers.
Modelled estimates of hospitalisations attributable to respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in Australia, 2009–2017
Authors: Nazareno Allen L. , Muscatello David J. , Turner Robin M. , Wood James G. , Moore Hannah C. , Newall Anthony T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are important causes of disease in children and adults. In Australia, information on the burden of RSV in adults is particularly limited.MethodsWe used time series analysis to estimate respiratory, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia and influenza, and bronchiolitis hospitalisations attributable to RSV and influenza in Australia during 2009 through 2017. RSV and influenza‐coded hospitalisations in <5‐year‐olds were used as proxies for relative weekly viral activity.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2017, the estimated all‐age average annual rates of respiratory hospitalisations attributable to RSV and seasonal influenza (excluding 2009) were 54.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.1, 88.8) and 87.8 (95% CI: 74.5, 97.7) per 100,000, respectively. The highest estimated average annual RSV‐attributable respiratory hospitalisation rate per 100,000 was 464.2 (95% CI: 285.9, 641.2) in <5‐year‐olds. For seasonal influenza, it was 521.6 (95% CI: 420.9, 600.0) in persons aged ≥75 years. In ≥75‐year‐olds, modelled estimates were approximately eight and two times the coded estimates for RSV and seasonal influenza, respectively.ConclusionsRSV and influenza are major causes of hospitalisation in young children and older adults in Australia, with morbidity underestimated by hospital diagnosis codes.
Fungal microbiome shifts on avocado fruit associated with a combination of postharvest chemical and physical interventions
Authors: Bill Malick , Gokul Jarishma Keriuscia , Viljoen Francois , Korsten Lise 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aim of the Study
The aim was to characterize the baseline microbial population of the avocado carposphere and understand shifts in community structure from the harvest to ready-to-eat stages.

Methods and Results
The changes in surface or stem-end (SE) fungal microbiomes at the postharvest stage of avocado fruit were studied using next-generation sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Avocado fructoplane and SE pulp fungal richness differed significantly between postharvest stages with a decline following prochloraz dip treatments. Known postharvest decay-causing genera, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, Penicillium and Neofusicoccum were detected, with Papiliotrema, Meyerozyma and Aureobasidium confirmed as the most dominant potentially beneficial genera. Postharvest interventions such as prochloraz had a negative non-target effect on the presence of Papiliotrema flavescens on the avocado fructoplane.

Conclusion
Our findings reveal a core community of beneficial and pathogenic taxa in the avocado fructoplane and further highlight the reduction of pathogenic fungi as a consequence of fungicide use.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The current study provides important baseline data for further exploration of fungal population shifts in avocado fruit driven by chemical (fungicide) as well as physical (cold storage) interventions.
Intimate partner violence during the perinatal period by disability status: Findings from a United States population‐based analysis
Authors: Alhusen Jeanne L. , Lyons Genevieve , Laughon Kathryn , Hughes Rosemary B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of the current study was to compare the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) during the perinatal period among respondents with self‐reported disability compared with those without a disability.DesignWe conducted a secondary analysis of nationally representative data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from 24 participating United States between 2018 and 2020.MethodsA cross‐sectional sample of 43,837 respondents provided data on disability, including difficulty in vision, hearing, ambulation, cognition, communication and self‐care. The exposure was perinatal IPV, defined as experiencing abuse by a current or ex‐partner in the year before or during pregnancy. Regression models were used to calculated odds of IPV by disability status while accounting for relevant sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsRespondents who self‐reported disabilities experienced IPV at a higher rate than those without disabilities, both before and during pregnancy. In fully adjusted models, respondents with disabilities had about 2.6 times the odds of experiencing IPV before pregnancy, and about 2.5 times the odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy, compared with those without disabilities.ConclusionRespondents with disabilities experienced IPV at higher rates than the general population, and thus are at increased risk for adverse maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes.ImpactPerinatal IPV is a significant issue globally, and our findings suggest perinatal IPV is particularly salient for persons with disability. Findings highlight the need to screen women with disabilities for IPV during the perinatal period as well as the importance of providing them appropriate, accessible information, resources and referrals.
Multimodal image reconstruction from tomographic diffraction microscopy data
Authors: Abbessi Riadh , Verrier Nicolas , Taddese Asemare Mengistie , Laroche Steve , Debailleul Matthieu , Lo Mohamed , Courbot Jean‐Baptiste , Haeberlé Olivier 
Published: July 2022

SummaryTomographic diffraction microscopy (TDM) is a tool of choice for high‐resolution, marker‐less 3D imaging of biological samples. Based on a generalization of digital holographic microscopy with full control of the sample's illumination, TDM measures, from many illumination directions, the diffracted fields in both phase and amplitude. Photon budget associated to TDM imaging is low. Therefore, TDM is not limited by phototoxicity issues. The recorded information makes it possible to reconstruct 3D refractive index distribution (with both refraction and absorption contributions) of the object under scrutiny, without any staining. In this contribution, we show an alternate use of this information. A tutorial for multimodal image reconstruction is proposed. Both intensity contrasts and phase contrasts are proposed, from the image formation model to the final reconstruction with both 2D and 3D rendering, turning TDM into a kind of ‘universal’ digital microscope.
Perinatal support for couples during COVID‐19: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Tan Thiam Chye , Thilagamangai  , Mathews Jancy , Lim Siew Hoon , Shi Luming , Chua Jing Shi , Chan Yiong Huak , Law Evelyn , Chee Cornelia , Chong Yap Seng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the perspectives of parents during the perinatal period amid the COVID‐19 pandemic and explore the experiences of Singaporean parents receiving perinatal support via the Supportive Parenting App (SPA).BackgroundThe stressors accompanying parenting responsibilities often affect the overall well‐being of the family unit. With the emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, Singaporean parents are forced to shoulder childcare responsibilities with minimal support due to safety restrictions. The Supportive Parenting Application (SPA) was introduced to parents during the start of the pandemic to offer timely additional support. It is a mobile health application‐based educational support for parents across the perinatal period, consisting of features such as peer support, expert advice and discussion forums.DesignDescriptive qualitative study.MethodsSemi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews were conducted with 33 parents (16 from the control group, 17 from the intervention group) in an ongoing randomised controlled trial between June 2021 and February 2022. The COREQ checklist was used to guide the reporting of the data.ResultsFour themes with 10 subthemes describing the perinatal experiences of parents were identified. The themes include ‘Ups and downs’ of parenting experiences; Perinatal care from ‘best care’ to ‘flying blind’; What kept couples going and Use of technology—a way forward.ConclusionAlthough COVID‐19 negatively affected parents' availability of care and support, most could still access other support sources to help them. Additionally, the SPA was found to be a dependable information source for the intervention group parents. Future research could work on improving technology‐based support based on the feedback given to offer better quality perinatal care for parents.Relevance to clinical practiceTechnology‐based support provided by healthcare professionals helps provide reliable perinatal information and support for parents. More efforts should be directed towards developing quality informational resources and support to improve perinatal care.Patient or public contributionPatients/members of the public contributed to the data collected and were involved in member checking to ensure the rigour of the study.Clinical Trial Registration Number: NHG DSRB: 2019/00875.
Improved detection of multiple sclerosis lesions with T2‐prepared double inversion recovery at 3T
Authors: Costagli Mauro , Lapucci Caterina , Zacà Domenico , Bruschi Nicolò , Schiavi Simona , Castellan Lucio , Stemmer Alto , Roccatagliata Luca , Inglese Matilde 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeDouble inversion recovery (DIR) imaging is used in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical protocols to improve the detection of cortical and juxtacortical gray matter lesions by nulling confounding signals originating from the cerebrospinal fluid and white matter. Achieving a high isotropic spatial resolution, to depict the neocortex and its typically small lesions, is challenged by the reduced signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) determined by multiple tissue signal nulling. Here, we evaluate both conventional and optimized DIR implementations to improve tissue contrast (TC), SNR, and MS lesion conspicuity.MethodsDIR images were obtained from MS patients and healthy controls using both conventional and prototype implementations featuring a T2‐preparation module (T2P), to improve SNR and TC, as well as an image reconstruction routine with iterative denoising (ID). We obtained quantitative measures of SNR and TC, and evaluated the visibility of MS cortical, cervical cord, and optic nerve lesions in the different DIR images.ResultsDIR implementations adopting T2P and ID enabled improving the SNR and TC of conventional DIR. In MS patients, 34% of cortical, optic nerve, and cervical cord lesions were visible only in DIR images acquired with T2P, and not in conventional DIR images. In the studied cases, image reconstruction with ID did not improve lesion conspicuity.ConclusionsDIR with T2P should be preferred to conventional DIR imaging in protocols studying MS patients, as it improves SNR and TC and determines an improvement in cortical, optic nerve, and cervical cord lesion conspicuity.
The effects of ultraviolet, gamma- and X-ray irradiation on the growth, antibacterial activity and radio-protective of Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Bazukyan I.L. , Rostomyan A.V. , Hovhannisyan A.G. , Aleksanyan T.M. , Hakobyan L.L. , Dallakyan A.M. , Haertlé T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ionizing radiation is widely applied in food production as preservation technology and for correction of the gut microbiome of cancer patients, rescuers, astronauts etc. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used for the same reason. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of irradiation on some activities of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MDC 9661 and its effect on the survival of irradiated rats. The results indicate that both ultraviolet (during 45 min) and X-ray irradiations (with 2 Sv) decreased the CFU and the antibacterial activity of the strain. Higher than 700 Sv dose of X-ray irradiation resulted in the total inhibition of antibacterial activity with the total reduction of colony forming units less than 10 cells ml−1, while irradiated with 1000 Sv dose L. rhamnosus MDC 9661 did not lose its proteolytic activity. It was also shown that L. rhamnosus MDC 9661 was not immunogenic in the organism of the rats and cannot lead to the development of autoimmune responses. L. rhamnosus MDC 9661 demonstrated the necessary properties for probiotics and can be effectively used for the correction of the gut microbiome of all target groups. The co-aggregation of the cells is one of the mechanisms for resistance of LAB to irradiation.
Cap‐binding complex assists RNA polymerase II transcription in plant salt stress response
Authors: Zhang Huairen , Li Xiaoyi , Song Ruitian , Zhan Zhenping , Zhao Fengyue , Li Zicong , Jiang Danhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdaptive response to stress involves an extensive reprogramming of gene expression. Under stressful conditions, the induction of efficient changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) production is crucial for maximized plant survival. Transcription and pre‐mRNA processing are two closely related steps in mRNA biogenesis, yet how they are controlled in plant stress response remains elusive. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis nuclear cap‐binding complex (CBC) component CBP20 directly interacts with ELF7, a subunit of the transcription elongation factor RNA Pol II‐associated factor 1 complex (PAF1c) to promote RNA Pol II transcription in plant response to salt stress. CBP20 and ELF7 coregulate the expression of a large number of genes including those crucial for salt tolerance. Both CBP20 and ELF7 are required for enhanced RNA Pol II elongation at salt‐activated genes. Though CBP20 also regulates intron splicing, this function is largely independent of ELF7. Our study reveals the function of an RNA processing regulator CBC in assisting efficient RNA Pol II transcription and pinpoints the complex roles of CBC on mRNA production in plant salt stress resistance.
Electrophysiological correlates of the effect of set size on object switching in working memory
Authors: Ding Gangqiang , Ye Weidong , Cao Bihua , Li Fuhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed the effect of set size (the number of activated items) on object switching in working memory, but the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. In this study, participants were asked to first remember two (small size) or three (large size) two‐digit numbers and the corresponding geometrical figures as different references for numerical comparison and then compare a series of numbers (10–99) to the reference numbers cued by different geometrical figures. The cue repeated or switched across trials. Behavioral results revealed that the switch cost was greater in the large‐size condition than in the small‐size condition. Event‐related potential results showed that in the N2 component, an interaction was observed between set size and transition, with a significant transition effect (switch minus repeat) in the large‐size condition and a non‐significant transition effect in the small‐size condition. The same interaction was observed in the P3 component, with a larger amplitude difference (switch minus repeat) in the large‐size condition than in the small‐size condition. These results suggested that when set size is increased, the effort to inhibit the irrelevant items increases, resulting in large cost of object switching in working memory.
SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE: PARTICIPATING WITH HEART, MIND, AND BODY
Authors: Wiseman Harris , Watts Fraser 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis introductory article to the thematic section on “Spiritual Intelligence” sets out the ways in which spiritual intelligence is currently conceptualized. Most prominently, spiritual intelligence is understood as an adaptive intelligence which enables people to develop their values, vision, and capacity for meaning. Questions arise as to whether spiritual intelligence is a distinct form of intelligence, and how to frame it if it is. It is questionable whether psychometric approaches justify concluding there is a distinct spiritual intelligence, and the authors reject any notion of a God spot in the brain specifically dedicated to spiritual intelligence, which is a much more broadly embodied phenomenon. The authors suggest that spiritual intelligence most likely makes use of existing cognitive architecture, though applied in a distinctive way. This article finishes with a brief introduction to the four main articles in this thematic section, which present spiritual intelligence as a kind of participation in transcendent being. The four articles approach the cognitive, embodied, meditative, and ritual aspects of spiritual intelligence as participation.
MEANING AND EMBODIMENT IN RITUAL PRACTICE
Authors: Wiseman Harris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe article explores the interaction of verbal and nonverbal semantic levels in the performance of Christian ritual. The article maps the distinction between theoretical and performative knowledge onto Barnard and Teasdale's Interacting Cognitive Systems model to give a (partial) account of how meaning emerges in ritual participation. With Christian ritual, both know‐how and know‐that are needed. Above all, it is their interaction that generate the richness of meaning in ritual performance. Three core claims are made. First, many contemporary concepts of ritual have at least one flaw in that they do not grasp the relationality between verbal and nonverbal, wherein both dimensions have a semantic integrity of their own. Second, there is an ideological valuation of the semantic levels. The experiential level is not only meaningful in its own right, but the fundamental ground of spiritual knowing. Third, combining learning styles and kinds of attention can be valuable for eliciting the full semantic richness of ritual participation.
KNOWING SLOWLY: UNFOLDING THE DEPTHS OF MEANING
Authors: Wiseman Harris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe article explores an aspect of spiritual intelligence characterized as a lifelong search for meaning. Slow knowing involves wrestling with perplexity. Periods of such tarrying gradually facilitate an unfolding of meaning. More than just the content of one's knowledge, it is the relationship, the how or manner of one's relationship with meaning that grounds the spiritual generativity of the seeking. Slow knowing is presented as an existential orientation, a lifelong process akin to ongoing conversion. Part 1 distinguishes such slow knowing from other senses of slow in current discourse (Kahneman's fast/slow thinking framework, and meditative concepts of slow mind). Part 2 explores slow knowing through the lenses of lectio divina and the use of metaphor in religious language. Slow knowing is characterized as having both individual and social dimensions. The article concludes with the concern that the conditions needed for slow knowing—and thus for spiritual intelligence—are undermined by the hasty pace of contemporary life.
NATURAL SELECTION AT NEW COLLEGE: THE EVOLUTION OF SCIENCE AND THEOLOGY AT A SCOTTISH PRESBYTERIAN SEMINARY
Authors: Harris Mark 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe contemporary creation–evolution debate has become so polarized (over the issue of either Genesis or evolutionary science) as to obscure the more nuanced questions that have arisen in the historical and theological reception of Darwinism. Edinburgh's New College has been the academic home to some prominent scientists and theologians who have grappled with these questions since the early days of evolutionary science in the first half of the nineteenth century. Most obviously, this activity was focused on the decision to create a Chair in Natural Science in 1845, which would be occupied by a recognized scientist. The Chair became “extinct” in the 1930s, but in between times, its holders made important theological assessments of evolution along the way. This article outlines the contributions made by the individuals who occupied this Chair, as well as more recent figures in the evolution of science and theology at New College.