bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential role of ghrelin in the regulation of inflammation
Authors: Ma Yunxiao , Zhang Haifeng , Guo Weiying , Yu Lu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeveral diseases are caused or progress due to inflammation. In the past few years, accumulating evidence suggests that ghrelin, a gastric hormone of 28‐amino acid residue length, exerts protective effects against inflammation by modulating the related pathways. This review focuses on ghrelin's anti‐inflammatory and potential therapeutic effects in neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and kidney disorders. Ghrelin significantly alleviates excessive inflammation and reduces damage to different target organs mainly by reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. Ghrelin also regulates inflammation and apoptosis through the p38 MAPK/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway; restores cerebral microvascular integrity, and attenuates vascular leakage. Ghrelin activates the phosphoInositide‐3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway and inhibits inflammatory responses in cardiovascular diseases and acute kidney injury. Some studies show that ghrelin exacerbates colonic and intestinal manifestations of colitis. Interestingly, some inflammatory states, such as non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and chronic kidney disease, are often associated with high ghrelin levels. Thus, ghrelin may be a potential new therapeutic target for inflammation‐related diseases.
Teenagers and Young Adults Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: a Snapshot of Acculturation in High School and Post-Secondary Life
Authors: Moog Jean Sachar , Grantham Heather , Rudge Amanda M. , Reimer Casey K. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
The current study investigates acculturation in a group of teenagers and young adults who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and who were raised in an age of early identification, early intervention, advanced audiologic technology, and inclusive education.

Design:
The Deaf Acculturation Scale (Maxwell-McCaw & Zea 2011) was administered via online survey to 106 teenagers and young adults (mean ages = 16.87 and 24.65 years, respectively). All participants were alumni of an early childhood program for children who are DHH in the United States learning listening and spoken language skills.

Results:
The majority of the participants scored as hearing acculturated (79%), with 1% scoring as deaf acculturated, and 20% as bicultural. Teenagers and adults did not differ significantly on acculturation. Participants who identified as hearing acculturated were less likely to use sign language with their friends, at work, or with their families than those who identified as bicultural.

Conclusions:
These results are in contrast to acculturation patterns reported in other populations of young DHH adults, indicating the need to continue investigating the diversity in cultural values, beliefs, and practices of people who are DHH.
National incidence of joint dislocation in China: a retrospective survey of 512,187 individuals
Authors: Lv Hongzhi , Chen Wei , Hou Zhiyong , Jia Siming , Zhu Yanbin , Liu Bo , Chen Xiao , Yang Guang , Liu Lei , Zhang Tao , Wang Haili , Yin Bing , Liu Song , Guo Jialiang , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Yichong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
Joint dislocations significantly impact public health. However, a comprehensive study on the incidence, distribution, and risk factors for joint dislocations in China is lacking. We conducted the China National Joint Dislocation Study, which is a part of the China National Fracture Study conducted to obtain the national incidence and risk factors for traumatic fractures, and to investigate the incidence and risk factors for joint dislocations.

Methods:
For this national retrospective epidemiological study, 512,187 participants were recruited using stratified random sampling and probability-proportional-to-size method from January 19 to May 16, 2015. Participants who sustained joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs (skull, sternum, and ribs being excluded) in 2014 were personally interviewed to obtain data on age, educational background, ethnic origin, occupation, geographic region, and urbanization degree. The joint-dislocation incidence was calculated based on age, sex, body site, and demographic factors. The risk factors for different groups were examined using multiple logistic regression.

Results:
One hundred and nineteen participants sustained 121 joint dislocations in 2014. The population-weighted incidence rate of joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.27) per 1000 population in 2014 (men, 0.27 [0.20, 0.34]; women, 0.16 [0.10, 0.23]). For all ages, previous dislocation history (male: OR 42.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.03–148.90; female: OR 54.43, 95% CI: 17.37–170.50) and alcohol consumption (male: OR 3.50, 95% CI: 1.49–8.22; female: OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.08–6.50) were risk factors for joint dislocation. Sleeping less than 7 h/day was a risk factor for men. Compared with children, women aged ≥15 years [female 15–64 years: OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04–0.61; female ≥65 years: OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.41) were less likely to sustain joint dislocations. Women with more than three children were at higher dislocation risk than women without children (OR 6.92, 95% CI: 1.18–40.78).

Conclusions:
The up-to-date data on joint dislocation incidence, distribution, and risk factors can be used as a reference for national healthcare, prevention, and management in China. Specific strategies for decreasing alcohol consumption and encouraging adequate sleeping hours should be developed to prevent or reduce dislocation incidents.

Trial Registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EPR-15005878.
Management Options for Linear Scleroderma (“En Coup de Sabre”)
Authors: Skorochod Ron , Nesher Gideon , Gronovich Yoav 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
En coup de sabre (ECDS) is a form of linear-scleroderma, primarily affecting the face. Despite effectiveness of pharmacological interventions in the management of lesions, sequelae of cutaneous deformities are common.

OBJECTIVE
Review the existing surgical tools for the correction of “en coup de sabre” ECDS lesions and facial deformities.

MATERIALS AND Methods
The authors conducted a literature search for reports on surgical interventions for ECDS deformations, in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library Databases.

RESULTS
Twenty-six publications reporting 39 patients were found in the literature. The average age of patients was 25 ± 4.7 years. Thirty-one of the patients were females. Six methods were found in the literature for surgical correction of ECDS. Fat grafting was performed in 41% of patients, surgical reconstruction in 18%, injectable fillers in 15%, implants in 10%, botulinum toxin injections in 8%, and bone/cartilage grafts in 8%. Imaging studies of the skull and face were performed in 36% of patients. Bony defects were found in 64.3% of them.

CONCLUSION
Different surgical and minimally invasive options exist in the armamentarium of clinicians correcting ECDS deformities. Tailoring the method of correction to patient's needs and expectation is crucial in ensuring patient satisfaction.
Muscle Stimulation for Aesthetic Body Shaping: A Comprehensive and Critical Review
Authors: Rambhia Pooja H. , Turner Louise , Ugonabo Nkem , Chapas Anne 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Aesthetic muscle stimulation (AMS) using high-intensity electromagnetic field (HIFEM) targets skeletal muscle neurons, causing muscle hypertrophy and loss of adipose tissue, thereby cultivating a sculpted physique. Many studies have evaluated AMS for noninvasive body contouring; however, the efficacy, safety, and long-term data remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To critically evaluate the current literature on the use of electromagnetic muscle stimulation for body contouring and provide a consensus on patient selection and long-term efficacy of AMS.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
PubMed and Embase were searched using the terms: “HIFEM,” “Electromagnetic therapy,” and “muscle” or “Electrical stimulation muscle treatments” and “aesthetics.” Studies involving the use of muscle stimulation for nonaesthetic/dermatologic, in vitro studies or studies involving animals were excluded.

RESULTS
Twenty studies in total were included [9 moderate-quality, 8 low-quality, and 3 very low‒quality studies] based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scale, representing 521 patients. Body sites evaluated included the abdomen (378 patients), buttock (156 patients), arms (22 patients), and calves (15 patients).

CONCLUSION
Electromagnetic muscle stimulation represents an effective therapeutic intervention for abdominal contouring that yields increased muscle thickness, and reduced abdominal fat thickness, for up to 1 year after treatment. Larger, controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy of electromagnetic muscle stimulation alone for contouring of buttocks, thighs, arms, and calves.
Current Concepts in Cranial Reconstruction: Review of Alloplastic Materials
Authors: Johnston Darin T. , Lohmeier Steven J. , Langdell Hannah C. , Pyfer Bryan J. , Komisarow Jordan , Powers David B. , Erdmann Detlev 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Cranioplasty for acquired cranial defects can be complex and challenging. Benefits include improved cosmesis, protection of intracranial structures, and restoration of neurocognitive function. These defects can be reconstructed with preserved craniectomy bone flaps, split autografts, or alloplastic materials. When alloplastic cranioplasty is planned, the material should be carefully selected. There is confusion on which material should be used in certain scenarios, particularly in composite defects.

Methods:
The PubMed database was used to conduct a nonsystematic review of literature related to these materials and the following factors: time required in preoperative planning and fabrication, intraoperative time, feasibility of intraoperative modification, fixation method (direct or indirect), implant cost, overall complication rate, and surgical revision rates.

Results:
Surgical revision rates for alloplastic materials range from 10% to 23%. Retention of titanium mesh at 4 years is 85% in composite reconstruction with free fasciocutaneous and free myocutaneous flaps. In composite reconstruction with locoregional and free muscle flaps, the retention of titanium mesh at 4 years is 47%. The retention of nontitanium and nonpreserved autogenous reconstruction is 72% and 82%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Alloplastic materials should be considered for reconstruction of large (>100 cm2) cranial defects, especially for adult patients younger than 30 years, and all patients with bone flaps that are fragmented or have been cryopreserved for an extended period. Preformed titanium mesh provides a favorable primary reconstructive option when a staged reconstruction is not possible or indicated but should be avoided in composite defects reconstructed with locoregional scalp and free muscle flaps.
Percutaneous cutting balloon angioplasty for the treatment of renovascular hypertension in children and adolescents
Authors: Salice Patrizia , Mircoli Luca , Butera Gianfranco , Burdick Larry , Borzani Irene , Mastrangelo Antonio , Ardissino Gianluigi , Beretta Claudio , Ferraresso Mariano , Ughi Ludovica , Montini Giovanni , Carugo Stefano , Morganti Alberto 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA), the recommended treatment in children with renovascular hypertension (RVH), often has unsatisfactory outcomes. Cutting balloons may improve the results of angioplasty in different vascular beds with complex and resistant lesions. We retrospectively analysed the effects of percutaneous cutting balloon angioplasty (PCBA) on blood pressure, cardiac mass and renal artery acceleration time in children/adolescents referred to our centre for RVH.

Patients and methods:
Thirteen patients (aged 9–19 years) with renal artery stenosis (RAS) and severe hypertension were identified. RASs were focal fibromuscular (FMD) or FMD-like dysplasia (in six cases bilateral, in five associated with mid aortic syndrome). Ten patients had uncontrolled hypertension, in nine cases associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Acceleration time was abnormal in all stenotic arteries. Eighteen PCBA were performed, in three arteries associated with stent implantation.

Results:
PCBA was technically successful in all individuals without major complications. In one patient, an intra-stent restenosis occurred, successfully redilated with conventional angioplasty without recurrence at 4 years distance. One year after PCBA, mean SBP and DBPs were markedly reduced from 146 ± 25 to 121 ± 10 mmHg and from 87 ± 11 to 65 ± 12 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). At that time, hypertension was cured in seven children and controlled in five individuals. This favourable outcome was confirmed with ambulatory blood pressure measurement in four patients. At the latest follow-up, left ventricular mass and acceleration time were normal in all patients.

Conclusion:
PCBA proved to be a well tolerated and effective procedure that can be considered as an alternative to PTRA to treat hypertensive children/adolescents with recurrent or resistant RAS.
Unsafe by design: Infusion task reallocation and safety perceptions in U.S. hospitals
Authors: Pratt Benjamin R. , Dunford Benjamin B. , Vogus Timothy J. , Ashkanani Ahmad M. , Morgeson Frederick P. , Alexander Mary 
Published: August 2022

Background
Research suggests that changes in nurse roles can compromise perceived organizational safety. However, over the past 15 years, many infusion tasks have been reallocated from specialty nurse infusion teams to individual generalist nurses—a process we call infusion task reallocation. These changes purportedly benefit employees by allowing care providers to practice at the “top of their license.” However, job demands–resources theory suggests that changing core task arrangements can either enrich or merely enlarge jobs depending on their effects on demands and resources, with corresponding consequences for performance (e.g., safety). There is relatively little research directly exploring these effects and their mechanisms.

Purpose
This study examines the relationship between infusion task reallocation and perceptions of organizational safety. We also explore the extent to which this relationship may be mediated by infusion-related resources and psychological safety.

Methodology
Data were collected through a survey of 623 nurses from 580 U.S. hospitals. The relationship between infusion task reallocation and perceptions of organizational safety, as well as the potential mediating roles of infusion-related resources and psychological safety, was examined using structural equation modeling.

Results
Infusion task reallocation was negatively associated with respondents’ perceptions of organizational safety, with nurses working in organizations without an infusion team indicating lower perceptions of organizational safety than nurses working in organizations with an infusion team. This relationship was mediated by nurse perceptions of psychological safety within the organization, but not by infusion-related resources, suggesting that task reallocation is associated with lower perceived organizational safety because nurses feel less psychologically safe rather than because of perceived technical constraints.

Practice Implications
The results indicate that, although infusion task reallocation may be a cost-reducing approach to managing clinical responsibilities, it enlarges rather than enriches the job through higher demands and fewer resources for nurses and, in turn, lower perceived organizational safety.
TOPICAL CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS IN THE LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF JUVENILE X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS
Authors: Schmitt Melanie A. , Wang Kevin , DeBenedictis Meghan J. , Traboulsi Elias I. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To describe the response to long-term topical dorzolamide treatment in patients with juvenile X-linked retinoschisis and cystic-like foveal lesions.

Methods:
This was a retrospective interventional case series that included 18 eyes of 10 patients with genetically confirmed juvenile X-linked retinoschisis examined at the Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, a tertiary referral center, between 2005 and 2021. Patients were treated with topical 2% dorzolamide two to three times daily in both eyes. Two eyes were excluded because of retinal detachment. Primary outcome measures were logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual acuity and optical coherence tomography based central subfield thickness.

Results:
The mean follow-up was 8.38 years (SD, 3.41 years). The mean baseline and final central subfield thickness was 429.88 µm (SD, 143.36 µm) and 372.28 µm, respectively (SD, 147.13 µm, P = 0.10). The mean baseline and final logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual acuity was 0.45 (SD, 0.17) and 0.34, respectively (SD, 0.22, P < 0.01). None of the patients experienced any side effects from topical dorzolamide.

Conclusion:
The study data support previous reports of improved visual acuity in X-linked retinoschisis patients on topical dorzolamide treatment. This is the longest follow-up for a series of juvenile X-linked retinoschisis patients treated with a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor to date. A large, prospective, randomized clinical trial is needed to provide stronger evidence regarding the efficacy of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in juvenile X-linked retinoschisis.
ASSESSMENTS OF MACULAR FUNCTION BY FOCAL MACULAR ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY AND STATIC PERIMETRY IN EYES WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Authors: Okado Satoshi , Koyanagi Yoshito , Inooka Taiga , Kominami Taro , Terasaki Hiroko , Nishiguchi Koji M. , Ueno Shinji 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:To assess the macular function by focal macular electroretinography and static perimetry in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa.Methods:Eighty-eight eyes of 88 retinitis pigmentosa patients were analyzed. The relationships between the focal macular electroretinography components and the mean deviations (MDs) of the Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 were determined. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to determine the integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and the interdigitation zone.Results:Forward–backward stepwise regression analyses showed that the amplitudes (r = 0.45,P< 0.01) and implicit times (r = −0.29,P< 0.01) of the b-waves were significantly correlated with the MDs. Some of the eyes had reduced b-wave amplitudes (<1.0µV) and disrupted interdigitation zone, despite having a better MD (≥ −10.0 dB) and intact EZ. Subgroup analyses of eyes with better MD (≥ −10.0 dB) showed that the EZ width was correlated with the MDs but not with the b-wave amplitude. The thickness of the EZ–retinal pigment epithelium as an alternative indicator of interdigitation zone was correlated with the b-wave amplitude (r = 0.32,P= 0.04) but not with the MDs (r = −0.10,P= 0.53).Conclusion:The fact that the focal macular electroretinography amplitudes are reduced before the shortening of the EZ in the early stage of retinitis pigmentosa indicates that the focal macular electroretinography amplitudes are an earlier indicator of macular dysfunction than the Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 findings.
MACULAR BLOOD FLOW CHANGES IN BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION EXAMINED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY VARIABLE INTERSCAN TIME ANALYSIS
Authors: Nishigori Naomi , Muraoka Yuki , Ishikura Masaharu , Kadomoto Shin , Mori Yuki , Numa Shogo , Murakami Tomoaki , Ooto Sotaro , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:To examine the relationship between changes in retinal blood flow and the recurrence of macular edema in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion.Methods:This observational study included 32 eyes in 32 patients (18 men and 14 women) with branch retinal vein occlusion who visited the Department of Ophthalmology at Kyoto University Hospital (February 2021–November 2021). At the time of inclusion in the study, each patient underwent optical coherence tomography angiography on a macular area measuring 4 × 4 mm2. For variable interscan time analysis, different interscan times were set at 7.6 (IST7.6) and 20.6 ms (IST20.6) for the optical coherence tomography angiography. The parafoveal vessel densities were measured sectorally at IST7.6and IST20.6, and their relationship with the longitudinal changes evident in the retinal thicknesses during the variable interscan time analysis examination and 2 months later was evaluated.Results:The parafoveal vessel densities in the affected sector was significantly greater at IST20.6than at IST7.6(P= 0.011). At 2 months after the variable interscan time analysis examination, 6 patients (19%) showed recurrence of macular edema involving the fovea. The difference in the parafoveal vessel densities (IST20.6− IST7.6) in the affected sector was significantly associated with longitudinal retinal thickening in the corresponding parafovea (P= 0.020) and fovea (P= 0.014).Conclusion:In eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion, optical coherence tomography angiography variable interscan time analysis facilitated the detection of retinal blood flow changes that might be predictive for the recurrence of macular edema.
Four-Point Scleral Fixation of An Akreos Adapt AO Intraocular Lens Using Double-Strand 9-0 Polypropylene Suture
Authors: Chen Shijiu , Yuan Gongqiang , Zhu Wenting , Wang Qian , Shi Weiyun , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To report the results of a novel surgical four-point transscleral suture fixation of intraocular lens (IOL) with four hollow haptics using the double-suture technique.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 15 eyes of 15 patients who underwent 4-point transscleral suture fixation of a foldable IOL using the double-suture technique. Preoperative data and follow-up data for at least 4 months were collected for all patients.

Results:
The IOLs were fixed and centered well. The mean preoperative corrected distance visual acuity was 0.70 ± 0.54 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen 20/102), and it improved to 0.29 ± 0.26 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen 20/39) at the final follow-up (P = 0.001). No vitreous hemorrhage, hypotony, suture breakage, retinal detachment, IOL dislocation, and iris capture was detected during the follow-up period in any of the patients.

Conclusion:
We have developed a novel technique for 4-point transscleral suture fixation of IOL using the double-suture technique with 9-0 polypropylene suture. This technique seemed to be safe and it may not require the surgeon to learn any new technique.