bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Cusp Angulation Using Three-Dimensional Digital Models: A Preliminary In Vitro Study
Authors: Liu Xinggang , Chen Xiaoxian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Dental cusp angulation provides valuable insights into chewing efficiency and prosthesis safety. Artificial intelligence-enabled computing of cusp angles has potential important value, but there is currently no reliable digital measurement method as a cornerstone.
Objectives To establish a digital method for measuring cusp angles and investigate inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities.
Methods Two cusp angles (angles α and β) of the first molar were measured on 21 plaster casts using a goniometer and on their corresponding digital models using PicPick software after scanning with a CEREC Bluecam three-dimensional (3D) intraoral scanner. Means ± standard deviations, as well as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Pearson's correlation coefficients (PCCs) were calculated, and repeated measures analysis of variance was performed. The Bland–Altman method was used to calculate the difference and mean degree values of two measurement methods from both examiners, and the Bland–Altman diagram was drawn using MedCalc software.
Results When the examiner was experienced, angle α was 139.19° ± 13.86°, angle β was 19.25° ± 6.86°, and a very strong positive correlation between the two methods was found (r > 0.9; p < 0.001). No significant difference between the two methods was found using the repeated measures analysis of variance (p > 0.05). The Bland–Altman diagram showed that the two methods were highly consistent. For inter-rater assessments, the ICC and PCC values of the cusp angulation using the digital method were all higher than the corresponding values measured on traditional casts. For intra-rater assessments, the ICC values of cusp angulation using the digital method were higher than the corresponding values measured on traditional plaster casts for both examiners. However, repeated measurements of the angle β of the inter-examiners revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) for both methods.
Conclusions Cusp angulation using 3D digital models is a clinical option and appears to improve the reliability of cusp angulation compared with measuring plaster casts using a goniometer. This variability was still evident when measuring small cusp angles using the digital model for inexperienced examiners.
Spinal Tuberculosis within the Vertebral Arch Mimicking a Malignant Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Niedermeyer Sebastian , Draenert Rika , Beck Alexander , Todorova Rumyana , Jung Andreas , Biczok Anna-Maria , Tonn Jörg-Christian , Thorsteinsdottir Jun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Spinal tuberculosis is a manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence of tuberculosis is low in high-income countries; however, globally, it still remains one of the most frequent fatal infectious diseases. Because of its rarity in developed countries, spinal tuberculosis can be mistaken for malignant tumors of the spine, especially in case of an atypical radiologic manifestation and without pulmonary affection.
Methods We present the case of a 39-year-old man from South India with quickly progressing gait disturbance and hypesthesia below the Th10 level. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an osteolytic lesion of the vertebral arch Th2 with central necrosis and compression of the spinal cord altogether highly suspicious for spinal metastasis.
Results After surgical removal of the mass by laminectomy, the patient regained normal neurologic function. Histology revealed a severe granulomatous inflammation and DNAhybridization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific DNA in the sample. Biopsy of an enlarged hilar lymphnode allowed us to obtain material to successfully perform a drug resistance test to start specific antimicrobial therapy.
Conclusion Spinal tuberculosis, even with atypical radiologic appearance, has to be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with provenance from endemic countries. A multidisciplinary diagnostic approach helps perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing to avoid delaying the start of antibiotic therapy.
Osteolipoma profundo cervicotorácico próximo ao plexo braquial – Relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Freitas Leonardo Furtado , Duarte Márcio Luís , Xavier Fernando Silva , Assunção Fernanda Boldrini , Mathias Júnior Luis Roberto , Scoppetta Thiago Luiz Pereira Donoso 
Published: June 2022

ResumoO osteolipoma é uma rara variante benigna do lipoma e constitui menos de 1% de todos os lipomas, se apresentando como uma massa indolor bem circunscrita. É um tumor conhecido por ocorrer em várias regiões, comumente intraósseas ou adjacente ao tecido ósseo, cuja patogênese ainda não está clara. Os exames de imagem são úteis em sua avaliação e, principalmente, no planejamento cirúrgico, que consiste na exérese tumoral. Contudo, o diagnóstico definitivo do osteolipoma é realizado pelo exame histopatológico. Apesar de benigno, o osteolipoma pode comprimir estruturas ao seu redor, levando a importante sintomatologia como neste caso relatado em que está em contato com o plexo braquial.
Generosity during COVID-19: investigating socioeconomic shocks and game framing
Authors: Lotti Lorenzo , Pethiyagoda Shanali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates two research questions. First, we examine the impact of the negative socioeconomic shock of the COVID-19 pandemic on generosity towards different types of recipients, and changes in generosity as the shock worsens over time. This is carried out by analysing the responses of 1255 US citizens to four dictator games played over 8 weeks of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, corresponding to four different recipients: relatives, neighbours, strangers, and the state. Second, we investigate whether the order in which the games are played create a framing effect that influences social preferences in terms of generosity towards the different recipients. Results capture an increase in generosity despite the worsening pandemic, indicating strong perceived increasing marginal benefits of generosity in times of hardship. There is significant heterogeneity in the effects of additional regressors, such as perceived contagion risk, on the likelihood and amount donated to strangers, family members, or the government. At the same time, some significant effects of framing bring new evidence regarding the stability of social preferences.
Measuring following behaviour in gift giving by utility function: statistical model and empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGift giving is a prevalent social custom, particularly in Chinese society. Since people do not act independently of social norms, they are also motivated by the views of others when giving gifts. However, there is no existing literature on this important topic for China. To fill this gap, based on the law of diminishing marginal utility, this study investigates the effects of social conformity on gift giving in China. A relative index is constructed to capture the following behaviours in gift giving. The likelihood of following behaviours is measured by a statistical model derived from utility functions. Panel and dynamic ordinal discrete regressions are employed for empirical analysis. A case study in China employing a nationally representative longitudinal dataset with 37,147 individuals over three periods is applied. The results show that overall, more than half of the population in China tends to follow others in regard to gift expenses. However, from 2014 to 2018, this tendency declined sharply. Men are more likely to follow their peers in gift expenditure than are women. Older people have a lower preference to follow others than young people. More specifically, the assumption of diminishing marginal utility in gift giving is fully supported by the empirical findings in this study.
Hydroxymethyl PEDOT microstructure-based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wustoni Shofarul , Nikiforidis Georgios , Inal Sahika , Indartono Yuli Setyo , Suendo Veinardi , Yuliarto Brian 
Published: June 2022

The development of conducting polymer-based supercapacitors offers remarkable advantages, such as good ionic and electronic conductivity, ease of synthesis, low processing cost, and mechanical flexibility. 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) is a conducting polymer with robust chemical and environmental stability during storage and operation in an aqueous environment. Yet, improving its electrochemical capacitance and cycle life remains a challenge for high-performance supercapacitors exceeding the current state-of-the-art. The fabrication of PEDOT composites with carbon nanomaterials and metal oxides is the commonly used approach to enhance capacitance and stability. This work discusses a comparative study to fabricate highly stable PEDOT derivative electrodes with remarkable specific capacitance via a straightforward electrochemical polymerization technique. The hydroxymethyl PEDOT (PEDOTOH) doped with perchlorate in a dichloromethane (DCM) solvent (197 F g−1) exhibits superior performance compared to the polymer formed in an aqueous solution (124 F g−1). Furthermore, the electropolymerized PEDOTOH on flexible Au/Kapton substrates was assembled into a free-standing symmetrical supercapacitor in an agarose additive-free gel. The use of agarose gel electrolytes can offer easy handling, no leakage, moderate ionic conductivity, and flexibility for miniaturization and integration. The supercapacitor reached a specific capacitance of 36.96 F g−1 at a current density of 13.7 A g−1, an energy density of 14.96 Wh kg−1, and a power density of 22.2 kW kg−1 among the highest values reported for PEDOT-based supercapacitors. The self-standing supercapacitor achieves an industry-par capacitance retention of ∼98% after 10000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. This study provides insights into the effect of solvents and electropolymerization modes on the polymer structure and its electrochemical properties toward high-performance supercapacitor devices.
A modular approach to map out the conformational landscapes of unbound intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Luong Thinh D. N. , Nagpal Suhani , Sadqi Mourad , Muñoz Victor 
Published: June 2022

Significance
Intrinsically disordered proteins have the unique ability to morph in response to multiple partners and thereby process sophisticated inputs and outputs. It is, however, a mystery whether their response is passive, that is, entirely determined by the partner, or controlled via an internal, yet unknown, folding mechanism. Here we introduce an approach to examine this key question and demonstrate its potential by dissecting the conformational properties of the partially disordered protein NCBD and obtaining important clues about how it performs its biological function.
The convergence of head-on DNA unwinding forks induces helicase oligomerization and activity transition
Authors: Bi Lulu , Qin Zhenheng , Wang Teng , Li Yanan , Jia Xinshuo , Zhang Xia , Hou Xi-Miao , Modesti Mauro , Xi Xu-Guang , Sun Bo 
Published: June 2022

Significance
Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) is a multifunctional helicase that primarily catalyzes the separation of two single strands of DNA. Here, using a single-molecule optical tweezers approach combined with confocal microscopy, we monitored both the enzymatic activity and oligomeric status of BLM at the same time. Strikingly, a head-on collision of BLM-medicated DNA unwinding forks was found to effectively switch their oligomeric state and activity. Specifically, BLMs, upon collision, immediately fuse across the fork junctions and covert their activities from dsDNA unwinding to ssDNA translocation and protein displacement. These findings explain how BLM plays multiple functional roles in homologous recombination (HR). The single-molecule approach used here provides a reference model for investigating the relationship between protein oligomeric state and function.
Responsive robotic prey reveal how predators adapt to predictability in escape tactics
Authors: Szopa-Comley Andrew W. , Ioannou Christos C. 
Published: June 2022

Significance
A widespread strategy used by prey animals, seen in insects, mammals, amphibians, crustaceans, fish, and reptiles, is to vary the direction in which they escape when attacked by a predator. This unpredictability is thought to benefit prey by inhibiting predators from predicting the prey’s escape trajectory, but experimental evidence is lacking. Using fish predators repeatedly tested with interactive, robot-controlled prey escaping in the same (predictable) or in random (unpredictable) directions, we find no clear benefit to prey of escaping unpredictably, driven by behavioral counteradaptation by the predators. The benefit of unpredictable escape behavior may depend on whether predators are able to counteract prey escape tactics by flexibly modifying their behavior, or unpredictability may instead be explained biomechanical or sensory constraints.
Leveraging intrinsic flexibility to engineer enhanced enzyme catalytic activity
Authors: Karamitros Christos S. , Murray Kyle , Winemiller Brent , Lamb Candice , Stone Everett M. , D'Arcy Sheena , Johnson Kenneth A. , Georgiou George 
Published: June 2022

Significance
Protein flexibility has been recognized as a key contributor to enzyme evolution and catalytic activity. Several studies have illustrated how amino acid substitutions that affect protein flexibility can impact catalysis. However, it is unknown whether structural information regarding conformational flexibility can be exploited for directed evolution of enzymes with higher catalytic activity. Using as a model human kynureninase, an enzyme with important therapeutic implications in cancer immunotherapy, we show that mutagenesis of residues exclusively located within high B-factor regions distal to the active site resulted in a variant with markedly enhanced catalytic activity for its nonpreferred substrate, kynurenine. Our results suggest that modulation of intrinsic flexibility through mutagenesis of remote flexible regions constitutes a promising strategy for directed enzyme evolution.
How learning Toki Pona may help improving communication strategies in a foreign or second language
Authors: Coluzzi Paolo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract (English)
This article aims to explore the possibility that learning Toki Pona, a “minimalist” constructed language with a
total lexicon of only 123 words, may help students to develop their skills in using communication strategies in the foreign or
second language they are learning. After a general introduction on constructed languages, three sections follow: one introducing
Toki Pona, one presenting the research hypothesis and aim, and another outlining communications strategies. The article continues
with the methodology employed and a discussion of the results obtained. These show that learning Toki Pona may indeed help the
students to improve their communication strategies, and particularly circumlocution, so that they can avoid breakdowns in
communication when they do not know or do not remember a word or expression.
Concept management for Terminology
Authors: Meyer Ingrid 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Terminology has both a linguistic and a conceptual dimension, and the general goal of our research is to develop a computer aid to facilitate the latter. Concept management is crucial to all stages of terminology work as it is practiced today and will become even more so for the next generation of term banks. The central argument of this paper is that concept management technology should draw on developments in Knowledge Engineering, since knowledge engineers and terminologists share a number of fundamental conceptual problems. As an illustration, we describe the work underway at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the University of Ottawa, where a knowledge engineering tool for terminology applications is under active development.
Text genres and Terminology
Authors: Pecman Mojca , Kübler Natalie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Terminology is intrinsically linked to textual genres. Text genres became an essential component of terminological research and practice in the context of Corpus-based and Textual Terminology. These approaches placed a spotlight on specific terminological features according to genre types and made contrastive analysis possible with emphasis on genres, registers and, consequently, domains. This chapter discusses the way Corpus-based and Textual Terminology have paved the way to placing genres in the core of terminological analysis. It explains why textual genres are often looked on as fuzzy categories. It also presents the various studies in Terminology involving textual genres and the general hypotheses, basic principles and the methodologies used therein. Finally, it examines the impact of text genres on theoretical and applied Terminology and on the future research in Terminology.
Conceptual metaphors
Authors: Ureña Gómez-Moreno José Manuel , Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez Francisco José 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of conceptual metaphor research with particular attention to specialised language. It surveys the growing body of research showing the role of metaphor both as a tool to generate and develop scientific thinking and as a resource for specialised knowledge popularisation. This chapter also addresses specialised language studies that explore not only the embodied but also the socio-cultural dimension of metaphor in terminology, thus crucially refining conceptual metaphor theories and typologies in all spheres of communication.
Terminological growth
Authors: Kageura Kyo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The generation of new terms involves various factors at different levels and can be described and modelled from different points of view. This chapter analyses approaches that model terminological growth by describing the creation of new terms in relation to the terminology of a domain as a set or as a system, and/or in relation to the conceptual system that it represents. We first examine the concept of terminological growth in contrast to the description and modelling of term formation, and then describe the approaches used to model terminological growth. Finally, we discuss implications for practical issues in terminology processing.
A review on recycled aggregate concretes (RACs)
Authors: Musa A A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The recycling of waste concrete materials in the civil constructions is a critical issue like recycled aggregate concrete is weakly adhered mortar having higher porosity and water absorption, forming weak interfacial transition zones, causing an adverse impact on the mechanical properties and durability. But the use of pozzolanic materials as supplementary cementitious materials in recycled aggregate concrete, is more effective and feasible method of improving the overall mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. This paper reviews various methods for improving the mechanical and durability properties of RACs. Despite the fact that many research studies have been conducted in this area, there are significant gaps in the current state of knowledge on the performance of RACs. As a result, this paper identifies the gaps in current knowledge on improving mechanical and durability properties of RAC and provides recommendations for future research.
Metal-sulfide based nano-composites and their electrochemical performance: A Review
Authors: Mehta Sagar , Samra Kawaljeet Singh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, we have analyzed the electrochemical performance of various metal-sulfides based nano-composites. Comparison of electro-chemical performance of some commonly seen metal-sulfides such as Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, and Molybdenum based sulfides are done. It is observed that electrodes based on the MoS2based composites are able to perform better, due to its graphene like behavior. MoS2performance with other materials is discussed. Various methods to synthesize MoS2are mentioned. Further, the effect of precursor on the synthesis of MoS2using hydrothermal technique is elaborated.
Various fixed-points results of picard sequence in complete G - metric space
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Saini Rajani 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We are demonstrating some new fixed-point theorems associated with Picard sequence in G-metric spaces. We establish consequences of Khojasteh et al. [6] for single-valued mappings in G-metric spaces. We clarify our result by giving an example.
Structural and Optical Studies on Sol-Gel Driven Spin-Coated CdS Thin Films
Authors: Aggarwal Rekha , Kaushik Deepak Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Inorganic wide band gap semiconductors are considered as best for optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, thin film transistors etc. CdS is a more promising semiconductor due to its direct wide band-gap ∼ 2.42 eV and size dependent optical properties. In the present article, structural and optical properties of spin coated CdS thin films are investigated. CdS thin films are annealed at 400 °C for 60 minutes to improve crystalline quality. X-RAY diffraction pattern reveals (002) diffraction plane of wurtzite CdS. The optical properties are analyzed by UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy. The optical band-gap of CdS thin films varies from 2.25 eV to 2.47 eV which depends on number of deposited layers and the annealing condition.
Stimulated forward Raman scattering in density rippled magnetized plasma
Authors: Kamboj O , Yadav A , Kant N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In inertial confinement fusion, the development of stimulated Raman scattering is observed in the presence of an azimuthal magnetic field and a density rippled plasma. The Gaussian laser beam propagating through a density rippled plasma is amplified by forward Raman scattering in the presence of an azimuthal magnetic field, resulting in two radially localised electromagnetic sideband waves and a lower hybrid wave. It is observed that as the laser power is increased, the growth rate in the presence of density rippled plasma reduces the probability of plasma pre-heating in ICF.
Impact of delay parameter on plant-herbivore dynamics under allee effect
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Verma Rupali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, plant-herbivore dynamics have been studied under the Allee effect using delay differential equations. The state variables considered are: plant population and herbivores. The boundedness and positivity of solutions are established. The interior equilibrium point is calculated for both, strong and weak Allee effect. It is shown that both the populations-plant and herbivores perish under the strong Allee effect. The stability of the system around the interior equilibrium under weak Allee effect is checked. Hopf-Bifurcation occurred at the critical value of the delay parameter. Numerical results have been supported graphically using MATLAB.
Effect of time-lag on two mutually competing plant populations under allelochemicals
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Dipesh  
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper examines a bionomic model of competing organisms in the presence of allelochemicals with differing time-dependent densities. A competition mathematical model is proposed in this paper. It is shown that when one plant produces an allelochemical, it gives stimulatory effect to itself and inhibitory effect to the other plant. Equilibrium points are calculated and stability analysis is performed about non-zero equilibrium point. Hopf-bifuraction is observed with the help of delay parameter introducing in term of allelochemicals. Model is verified with already existing data for the effect of allelochemical on plant growth by Zahid et.al (2016). The numerical results are substantiated using MATLAB.