bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Induced Nanoscale Architecture Endows a Titanium Carbide MXene Electrode with Integrated High Areal and Volumetric Capacitance
Authors: Chen Hongwu , Wang Huaipeng , Li Chun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComplete utilization of electrochemically active materials while maintaining the high areal/volumetric packing density is a goal to be achieved in miniaturized supercapacitor devices, which therefore display both high volumetric and areal energy density. Although critical, it is usually challenging to achieve this goal by optimizing the electrode architecture. Dense packing of active materials maximizes the volumetric capacitance but also results in sluggish diffusion of the electrolyte. Structurization of the electrode by forming large pores creates a pathway for electrolyte penetration but reduces the volumetric energy density. Here, densified electrodes with hierarchical porous architecture at the nanoscale are reported, which provide an alternative solution. Worm‐like expanded titanium carbide MXene powders are produced in highly viscous reaction media and assembled by mechanical compression. The expanded morphology of the MXene powders translates into a buckling microstructure in the electrodes, resulting in 28.2 ± 4.1% porosity mainly in the form of nanosized pores. At the sub‐nanometer scale, the diffusion of electrolytes is enhanced in interlayer space of the bended lattice with pillared intercalants. These hierarchical structural features lead to both high areal and volumetric capacitance (11.4 F cm−2 coupled with 770 F cm−3) in hundred‐micrometers‐thick electrodes, which inspires the design of high‐performance electrochemical energy storage devices.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote δ‐C−H Selenylation of Arylethylamide and Alkenylethylamide Derivatives
Authors: Ma Wenbo , Zhou Yunhao , Wang Yang , Li Bo , Zheng Tao , Cheng Zemin , Mei Ruhuai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed remote δ‐C−H selenylation of arylethylamide derivatives with readily available diselenides has been reported. This protocol relies on the use of a removable picolinamide directing group to access unsymmetrical diaryl selenides in 45–98% yields. Furthermore, the inactivated δ‐C(alkenyl)−H bond was also compatible in this reaction and afforded the thermo‐dynamically unfavorable Z‐selective‐alkenyl selenides with complete control of site‐ and stereoselectivity.magnified image
Ganaxolone versus Phenobarbital for Neonatal Seizure Management
Authors: Miller Suzanne L. , Bennet Laura , Sutherland Amy E. , Pham Yen , McDonald Courtney , Castillo‐Melendez Margie , Allison Beth J. , Mihelakis Jamie , Nitsos Ilias , Boyd Ben J. , Hirst Jonathan J. , Walker David W. , Hunt Rodney W. , Jenkin Graham , Wong Flora , Malhotra Atul , Fahey Michael C. , Yawno Tamara 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveSeizures are more common in the neonatal period than at any other stage of life. Phenobarbital is the first‐line treatment for neonatal seizures and is at best effective in approximately 50% of babies, but may contribute to neuronal injury. Here, we assessed the efficacy of phenobarbital versus the synthetic neurosteroid, ganaxolone, to moderate seizure activity and neuropathology in neonatal lambs exposed to perinatal asphyxia.MethodsAsphyxia was induced via umbilical cord occlusion in term lambs at birth. Lambs were treated with ganaxolone (5mg/kg/bolus then 5mg/kg/day for 2 days) or phenobarbital (20mg/kg/bolus then 5mg/kg/day for 2 days) at 6 hours. Abnormal brain activity was classified as stereotypic evolving (SE) seizures, epileptiform discharges (EDs), and epileptiform transients (ETs) using continuous amplitude‐integrated electroencephalographic recordings. At 48 hours, lambs were euthanized for brain pathology.ResultsAsphyxia caused abnormal brain activity, including SE seizures that peaked at 18 to 20 hours, EDs, and ETs, and induced neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation. Ganaxolone treatment was associated with an 86.4% reduction in the number of seizures compared to the asphyxia group. The total seizure duration in the asphyxia+ganaxolone group was less than the untreated asphyxia group. There was no difference in the number of SE seizures between the asphyxia and asphyxia+phenobarbital groups or duration of SE seizures. Ganaxolone treatment, but not phenobarbital, reduced neuronal degeneration within hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, and cortical neurons, and ganaxolone reduced neuroinflammation within the thalamus.InterpretationGanaxolone provided better seizure control than phenobarbital in this perinatal asphyxia model and was neuroprotective for the newborn brain, affording a new therapeutic opportunity for treatment of neonatal seizures. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1066–1079
R399E, A Mutated Form of Growth and Differentiation Factor 5, for Disease Modification of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gigout Anne , Werkmann Daniela , Menges Stephanie , Brenneis Christian , Henson Frances , Cowan Kyra J. , Musil Djordje , Thudium Christian S. , Gühring Hans , Michaelis Martin , Kleinschmidt‐Doerr Kerstin 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo preclinically characterize a mutant form of growth and differentiation factor 5, R399E, with reduced osteogenic properties as a potential disease‐modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drug.MethodsCartilage, synovium, and meniscus samples from patients with OA were used to evaluate anabolic and antiinflammatory properties of R399E. In the rabbit joint instability model, 65 rabbits underwent transection of the anterior cruciate ligament plus partial meniscectomy. Three intraarticular (IA) R399E doses were administered biweekly 6 times, and static incapacitance was determined to assess joint pain. OA was evaluated 13 weeks after surgery. In sheep, medial meniscus transection was performed to induce OA, dynamic weight bearing was measured in‐life, and OA was assessed after 13 weeks.ResultsIntermittent exposure to R399E (1 week per month) was sufficient to induce cell proliferation and release of anabolic markers in 3‐dimensional chondrocyte cultures. R399E also inhibited the release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and prostaglandin E2 from cartilage with synovium, meniscal cell, and synoviocyte cultures. In rabbits, the mean difference (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) in weight bearing for R399E compared to vehicle was −5.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −9.54, −2.15), −7.2 (95% CI −10.93, −3.54), and −7.7 (95% CI −11.49, −3.84) for the 0.6, 6, and 60 μg doses, respectively, 6 hours after the first IA injection, and was statistically significant through the entire study for all doses. Cartilage surface structure improved with the 6‐μg dose. Structural and symptomatic improvement with the same dose was confirmed in the sheep model of OA.ConclusionR399E influences several pathologic processes contributing to OA, highlighting its potential as a disease‐modifying therapy.
Surface electromyography‐based biofeedback and knee rehabilitation: A review of the literature
Authors: Armshaw Brennan , Vaidya Manish , Mehta Sacheen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe number of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) performed yearly is rapidly increasing. Additionally, upwards of 50% of patients who receive TKA never achieve a full functional recovery. This suggests considerable room for improvement. This need for improvement expands beyond TKA as similar effects are noted across knee injuries. Electromyography‐based biofeedback (EMGBF) involves the delivery of feedback based on the activity of targeted muscle. By providing feedback contingent on changes in muscle amplitude, EMGBF may be an effective tool for strengthening quadricep muscles. This review aims to evaluate the utility of sEMGBF during physical therapy for various knee injuries. All studies were evaluated for the effectiveness of sEMGBF at improving muscle strength, range of motion, and reducing pain. Most studies reviewed found that including sEMGBF in physical therapy produced greater clinical benefits for patients than exercise alone. Further research is necessary to determine the best practice for including EMGBF in physical therapy.
Learning lab skills online: Lessons from implementing video‐based instruction for a remote biotechnology lab
Authors: Chen Stefanie H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic forced many courses to move online, presenting a particular challenge for hands‐on laboratory courses. One such course in our Biotechnology track is an advanced Protein Interactions lecture/laboratory course. This 8‐week course typically meets for 5 h a week in the laboratory space. For the Fall 2020 version of the course, first‐person videos were produced for each of the laboratory experiments, and the corresponding experimental data produced by students in previous semesters were provided for the current students to analyze in their electronic lab notebooks and lab reports. Student perspectives and assessments were collected on course participants from Fall 2019 (in‐person laboratories) and Fall 2020 (online laboratories) to compare experiences and outcomes. Analysis of the data shows that the online students appreciated the videos and gained self‐confidence in the procedures, but maintained more misconceptions about the material. In addition to being unable to perform the hands‐on experiments, other factors such as anxiety could also be interfering with the learning process under the pandemic conditions. The implementation process for the remote labs, student reactions, and lessons learned are discussed.
Physical exertion as a risk factor for perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Laukka Dan , Kivelev Juri , Rautio Riitta , Kuhmonen Johanna , Sinisalo Matias , Rinne Jaakko , Rahi Melissa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerimesencephalic and nonperimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (PM‐naSAH and NPM‐naSAH) have a different bleeding pattern and clinical course. The etiology and risk factors for PM‐naSAH and NPM‐naSAH are unclear. The objective of this study was to compare risk factors and triggering events between PM‐naSAH and NPM‐naSAH.MethodsWe reviewed retrospectively all patients (n = 3475) who had undergone cerebral digital subtraction angiography between 2003 and 2020 at our tertiary hospital. Of these, 119 patients had 6‐vessel angiography negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (47 (39%) PM‐naSAH and 72 (61%) NPM‐naSAH) and accurate information about the triggering event was available in 42 (89%) PM‐NASAH and 64 (89%) NPM‐naSAH patients.ResultsPM‐naSAH were younger compared to NPM‐naSAH (mean age [SD]; 55.3 [11.1] years vs. 59.6 [12.2] years, p = .045. PM‐naSAH was triggered during the physical exertion in 79% of patients and 16% of patients with NPM‐naSAH (relative risk 5.4; 95% CI, 2.9‐10.1, p < .0001). There were no significant difference in sex, smoking, alcohol abuse, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or anticoagulation/antithrombotic usage between PM‐naSAH and NMP‐naSAH, p > .05.ConclusionPhysical exertion was a triggering factor in most of the PM‐naSAH cases and the risk was five times greater than in NMP‐naSAH. More studies are needed to confirm our results and to study pathophysiology of PM‐naSAH and NPM‐naSAH.
Circular solutions in developing countries: Coping with sustainability tensions by means of technical functionality and business model relevance
Authors: Levänen Jarkko , Park Sukyung , Rosca Eugenia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo foster sustainable development, transition to circular economy should happen globally. Lately, however, the implementation of circular solutions has been particularly slow in the developing countries where these solutions could bring about particularly positive changes. A successful circular solution couples technical functionality with business model relevance. In developing countries, the implementation of circular solutions reveals sustainability tensions that originate in resource scarcity, institutional voids, and market affordability. We have studied implementation of circular solutions that small companies operating in these conditions have developed. The systematic analysis of 79 cases shows how sustainability tensions influence on companies' everyday business conduct and their long‐term strategic orientation toward circular economy. We have also identified commonly applied business model features that allow companies to cope with the sustainability tensions. These features include: (1) locally tailored value proposition, (2) collective action approach in value creation, and (3) creativity in value capture. Ultimately, locally functional, embedded, and widely accepted circular solutions have potential to facilitate wider socio‐technical transitions toward more sustainable business practices.
Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio in relation to risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Thomas Claire E. , Yu Yi‐Chuan , Luu Hung N. , Wang Renwei , Paragomi Pedram , Behari Jaideep , Yuan Jian‐Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or lymphocyte count may be important markers for immune function. Previous work has shown higher NLR was associated with higher risk of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, studies in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are lacking.MethodsUtilizing the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) electronic health records, we created a retrospective cohort of 27,834 patients diagnosed with NAFLD from 2004 to 2018 with complete NLR data. After an average 5.5 years of follow‐up, 203 patients developed HCC. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HCC incidence associated with different levels of NLR and lymphocyte count.ResultsCompared with the lowest tertile of NLR (<1.97), the highest tertile of NLR (≥3.09) was statistically significantly associated with a 43% higher risk of HCC incidence (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.03, ptrend = 0.031) after adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, history of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and fibrosis‐4 score category. Conversely the highest tertile of lymphocyte count (≥2.15 K/ul) was significantly associated with a 36% lower risk of HCC (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.94, ptrend = 0.028) compared to the lowest tertile (<1.55 K/ul). There was no association between neutrophil count and HCC risk.ConclusionsHigher NLR and lower lymphocyte count are associated with significantly higher risk of HCC among NAFLD patients. These findings warrant further investigation of immune response and surveillance in association with HCC development in NAFLD patients.
Response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel predicts survival in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yamazaki Haruhiko , Sugino Kiminori , Katoh Ryohei , Matsuzu Kenichi , Masaki Chie , Akaishi Junko , Hames Kiyomi Yamada , Tomoda Chisato , Suzuki Akifumi , Ohkuwa Keiko , Kitagawa Wataru , Nagahama Mitsuji , Rino Yasushi , Ito Koichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe clinical utilities of paclitaxel in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) have been reported. The current study investigated the outcomes in ATC patients treated by paclitaxel as neoadjuvant setting. Furthermore, the prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and predictive marker for response to paclitaxel were investigated. Records of ATC patients treated by paclitaxel as neoadjuvant setting in our hospital were reviewed. The median OS for the patients with (n = 43) and without (n = 23) resection were 14.7 (95% CI, 11.0–21.7) and 4.2 (95% CI, 3.0–5.4) months, respectively (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis identified the factors of stage (p = 0.028), prognostic index (PI) ≥2 (p < 0.001), response to paclitaxel (p = 0.007), resection (p < 0.001), and radiotherapy (p < 0.001) to be associated with OS, and multivariate analysis revealed that the factors of PI ≥2 [hazard ratio (HR), 2.406 (95% CI, 1.096–5.281), p = 0.029], response to paclitaxel [HR, 0.423 (95% CI, 0.193–0.930), p = 0.032], resection [HR, 0.316 (95% CI, 0.129–0.773), p = 0.012], and radiotherapy [HR, 0.229 (95% CI, 0.100–0.526), p < 0.001] were independent prognostic factors of OS. There were no significant predictive factors for response to paclitaxel in baseline characteristics. PI ≥2, response to paclitaxel, resection, and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors in ATC patients treated with paclitaxel as neoadjuvant setting. It is important to investigate predictor for response to paclitaxel for improving resectability and prognosis in ATC.
Identifying the Template for Oligomer to Fibril Conversion for Amyloid‐β (1‐42) Oligomers using Hamiltonian Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Saha Debasis , Jana Biman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe toxicity of amyloid‐β (Aβ) oligomers has been known to be higher compared to mature fibrils. Yet the presence of plaques in Alzheimer's disease patients indicates the significance of oligomer to fibril conversion for Aβ aggregates. In this study, we investigate Aβ13‐42 oligomers having two to five peptide chains using extensive all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations to identify the on‐ or off‐pathway intermediates in fibril formation pathway. Hamiltonian replica exchange method through solute tempering (REST2) has been employed to explore the different structures attained by these aggregates. Using intra‐chain and inter‐chain contacts as reaction coordinates, we obtain the free energy surface for the Aβ13‐42 oligomers. Consequently, their stable conformations and structural features have been identified. The found conformations belonging to most probable structures possess both parallel and anti‐parallel β‐sheets, characteristic of on‐ and off‐pathway intermediates, respectively. Further, we have measured the tendency to form fibril like interactions among the β‐sheet forming residues. Our analysis finds that residues 30–36 possess higher tendency to form fibril like contacts among all the residues. While we find stronger interaction among residues 30–36, these amino acids are also found to be more shielded from water compared to others. With previous experimental studies finding these residues to be more crucial for the stability of Aβ42 oligomers, we propose that interactions within this patch could trigger seed formation that leads to conversion of on‐pathway oligomers into disease relevant fibrils.
Soil moisture variability affected by sand mulch: An isotope‐based assessment of irrigated farmland in Northwest China
Authors: Yang Ye , Zhang Mingjun , Wang Shengjie , Qu Deye , Zhang Yu , Wang Jiaxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a practical agricultural technique in Northwest China, the sand mulch reduces the soil moisture loss of irrigated farmland under an arid setting. To understand the soil moisture variability affected by sand mulch, we selected an irrigated orchard of peach (Amygdalus persica L.) in Northwest China and examined the soil moisture movement conditioned by irrigation using a stable water isotope method. Based on the isotopic variability of continuously collected soil, plant, and irrigation water samples, the infiltration and evaporation of soil moisture were assessed. The results showed that (1) during the sampling period, the average soil water content and infiltration volume of the sand mulch plot were 1.63% and 6.82%, respectively, which are higher than those of the uncovered plot, indicating a better soil water retention after sand mulch. (2) The slope of the evaporation line of the sand mulch plot (4.79) was greater than that of the uncovered plot (4.11), and the average evaporation loss of the sand mulch plot (0–30 cm) was 10.29% lower than that of the uncovered plot. The average evaporation rate of the sand mulch plot was 5.02% per day, which is lower than that of the uncovered plot 8.41% per day. The isotope‐based evidence shows that sand mulch effectively reduces soil water evaporation, which provides a theoretical basis for agricultural water management and optimization of water‐saving methods for arid land.
An approach for reliably identifying high‐frequency oscillations and reducing false‐positive detections
Authors: Zhou Yufeng , You Jing , Kumar Udaya , Weiss Shennan A , Bragin Anatol , Engel Jerome , Papadelis Christos , Li Lin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveAiming to improve the feasibility and reliability of using high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) for translational studies of epilepsy, we present a pipeline with features specifically designed to reject false positives for HFOs to improve the automatic HFO detector.MethodsWe presented an integrated, multi‐layered procedure capable of automatically rejecting HFOs from a variety of common false positives, such as motion, background signals, and sharp transients. This method utilizes a time‐frequency contour approach that embeds three different layers including peak constraints, power thresholds, and morphological identification to discard false positives. Four experts were involved in rating detected HFO events that were randomly selected from different posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) animals for a comprehensive evaluation.ResultsThe algorithm was run on 768‐h recordings of intracranial electrodes in 48 PTE animals. A total of 453 917 HFOs were identified by initial HFO detection, of which 450 917 were implemented for HFO refinement and 203 531 events were retained. Random sampling was used to evaluate the performance of the detector. The HFO detection yielded an overall accuracy of , with precision, recall, and F1 scores of , , and , respectively. For the HFO classification, our algorithm obtained an accuracy of . For the inter‐rater reliability of algorithm evaluation, the agreement among four experts was for HFO detection and for HFO classification.SignificanceOur approach shows that a segregated pipeline design with a focus on false‐positive rejection can improve the detection efficiency and provide reliable results. This pipeline does not require customization and uses fixed parameters, making it highly feasible and translatable for basic and clinical applications of epilepsy.
Outcomes from 8 years of cervical cancer screening at a rural screen‐and‐treat site in northern Tanzania
Authors: Maillie Luke , Yussuph Amina , Chirangi Bwire , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine screening outcomes for a rural screen‐and‐treat site as well as the referral completion rate, outreach programming, and screening costs.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of demographic information and screening outcomes for all women screened at a rural screen‐and‐treat site between August 2011 and December 2018 was conducted. Referral completion rate for women with suspected cervical cancer was calculated for 2018.ResultsA total of 10 157 screenings were conducted during the study period. Median age was 35 years and median parity was 5. In all, 545 (5.35%) women were positive on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA+), and 461 (91.1%) of 506 eligible women received cryotherapy. In 2018, 93 women were referred for suspected cancer to the zonal referral center, but only 10 (10.8%) presented for treatment. Mean screening cost was US$ 6.62 per person.ConclusionVIA+ rate was comparable to rates at urban sites in Tanzania, and outreach was an important component of screening. In contrast to other reports, few women suspected of having cancer reached treatment after being referred. Although the low cost of screening highlights the feasibility of rural screen‐and‐treat sites, additional research is needed to improve completion of referrals to a higher level of care.