bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms and European Corn Borers in Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length on 6 Jim ’84. On 7 Jun ’84 Atrazine (1.5 qt) + Lasso (1.5 qt) was applied. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk 27 Jul and 4 days later on 31 Jul. Plots were harvested 15 Aug and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. One-hundred ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Morrow E. A. , Grafius E. , Pax R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted at the M.S.U. Entomology field research farm on campus, 4 Jim, ’84. Plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks per treatment. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gal/acre, 40 psi on 21 Jul; 3, 10, 13, 17 Aug. Sweet corn was sampled from the middle 2 rows on 19 Jun; 26 Jul; 2, 9, 15, 19 Aug. Two entire plants per plot were examined and no. of ECB egg masses, aphids, corn rootworm adults, and various predators were recorded. Sweet corn was harvested on 23 Aug. At harvest, 20 ears per plot were randomly selected from the middle 2 rows and inspected for larvae and damage.
Corn Earworm Control on Corn, 1984
Authors: Nabors Raymond A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 17 May on 38-inch rows in loam soil with high N, P, K and a pH of 6.0. A plot consisted of 2 rows 200 ft long. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Sweet corn was sprayed on 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 16 Jul using an R & D pistol belt sprayer with CO2 pressure at 50 psi delivering 25 gal/acre through a flat fan nozzle. The relative humidity ranged from 67% to 76%, the temperature ranged from 69° to 81°F, and the wind was from the west at 3, 8, 4, 3, 9, 3, and 5 mph respectively. Evaluations were made 48 h after the last treatment. The criterion for evaluation was the number of marketable (undamaged) ears per 100 ears.
Effectiveness of Insecticides Against Asian Corn Borer, 1984
Authors: Nafus Donald , Schreiner Ilse 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was planted in Talafofo, Guam on 15 Nov ’83. Plots consisted of 3 rows which were 1 m apart and 4.5 m long, and were arranged in a complete randomized design with barrier rows of corn between plots to lessen drift. Plots were sprayed on 6 Dec and then twice a week from 12 Dec onwards. A backpack sprayer was used. Triton B-1984 was applied with all chemical treatments. All plants in each plot were harvested.
Fall Armyworm Mortality from Treatments to Whorl Stage Sweet Corn, 1984
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 11 Jul in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 2-row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Foliar spray treatments were applied beginning at mid-whorl stage with a high clearance sprayer through 3, D2-25 hollow cone nozzles/row (spray directed into whorl), dispensing 43 gal/acre @ 100 psi. Treatments were applied on 20 Aug. Granular insecticides were applied through a ‘Gandy’ applicator mounted on the hydraulic boom of a high clearance sprayer operated at 2.5 mph. Granules were directed through a 4 inch bander to the center of plants in the mid-whorl stage on 20 Aug. Treatment efficacy was determined 7 days post-application by randomly selecting 25 infested plants/replicate, recording the number of dead and live larvae present and conversion to % mortality. FAW infestations were high, with ca. 50% infested plants in the untreated block.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Fall Armyworm, 1984
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded’8 Mar ’84 in Rockdale soil. The plots were irrigated via overhead irrigation twice a week. Each plot was a single row on 3-ft centers, 50 ft long. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 3 Apr with a CO2 powered, 2.5 gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre. On 5 Apr the plants were rated for damage and the no. of larvae counted. Damage (%) was assessed by evaluating, in situ, 25 plants/plot for evidence of recent feeding damage or fresh frass. Larval counts were made by dissecting 10 plants/plot and counting the numbers of small (1-2 instars), medium (3-4 instars) and large (5-6 instars) larvae. The fall armyworm population was normal.
Onion Maggot Control, 1984
Authors: May A. , Graflus E. , Hayden N. , Warner F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onion maggot research plots were established in 2 locations; Brink farm in Grant, MI and at the MSU Muck Crop Experimental Farm, Bath, MI (Clinton Co.). Onions were seeded 23 Apr at Grant, and 4 May at Bath. Plots in Grant, were double row x 10 ft, while the plots in Bath were single row x 20 ft long. Normal commercial fertilization, tillage, fungicide and herbicide practices were used. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in Grant, while a completely randomized design was used in Bath. Soil insecticide treatments were applied with a V-Belt seeder. Soil drenches were applied with a hand sprayer at 50 gpa in a 2 to 3-inch band over the row. Dyfonate and Lorsban drenches were applied when first eggs were seen and repeated 2 wk later (31 May, 14 Jun—Grant; 4, 19 Jun—MSU Muck Farm). Trigard, Dimilin and Diazinon treatments were applied weekly for 4 wk beginning at first egg laying (31 May, 7, 14, 21 Jun—Grant; 4, 11, 18, 25 Jun—MSU Muck Crops Experimental Farm). Plots did not receive foliar treatments. After plant emergence, 100 plants/plot were staked-out and observed weekly for onion maggot damage. % stand remaining after 1st generation injury was recorded (20 Jul—MSU Crops Experimental Muck Farm).
Insect Control in Green Bell Peppers, 1984
Authors: May A. W. , Grafius E. , Pax R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bell peppers were transplanted on 24 May, in 4-ft rows at the MSU Horticultural Experimental Station in Sodus, MI (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications (= blocks) per treatment. Each plot was 3 rows wide (12 ft) by 25 ft long. Treatments were applied on 25 Jun; 2, 12, 18, 25 Jul; 1, 8, and 15 Aug with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. Efficacy was determined by examining 2 plants from the center row of each plot. Entire plants were examined for corn borer egg masses, 2 leaves per plant were examined for aphids, and 5 mature fruit (mid season) or 10 mature fruit (harvest) from the center of each plot were examined for corn borer damage.
Potato Insect Control, Center, Colorado, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 17 May in an area adjacent to the San Luis Valley Research Center, Center, Colorado. Plots were single-row (34-inch row spacing), 25-ft in length, separated by untreated guard rows. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Soil applied systemic insecticides were banded beneath the seed piece at planting. Foliar insecticides were applied 12 Jul using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 81 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated by randomly selecting 20 leaves/plot.
Control of Potato Insects with Soap Sprays, Greeley, Co, 1984
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 15 May at the Northern Colorado Research Center, Greeley, CO. Plot size was 3 rows (30-inch spacing, 25-ft length), arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were applied 1 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 122 gal/acre. Soaps were diluted 40:1. Evaluations were made 3 Aug. Potato psyllid and green peach aphids were counted from 20 leaves selected from the center row of each plot. All Colorado potato beetle larvae on the center row of each plot were counted.
Rotenone to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle in White Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 12 Apr, ’84, in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 20 ft long, 5 ft wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 over the center calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 200 psi. Treatments were applied on 19, 26, Jun, 3 and 12 Jul. Plant % defoliation was recorded on 28 Jun, 5, 9 and 16 Jul. Number of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larvae per 5 hills were recorded on 28 Jun. Number of stems/10 hills damaged by European corn borers (ECB) were recorded on 16 Jul. Yields (cwt/A) were recorded on 31 Jul. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Foliar Sprays on Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Powell Donnie M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 20 Apr in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesie Caliciorthidic Haploxerolls) pH 6.2, organic matter 1.6%, at Yakima, Washington. A moderate infestation of the overwintering Colorado potato beetle (CPB) adults and first generation larvae were present on the plants at the time of insecticide application. The experimental insecticides were applied to the foliage with a 2-row, portable boom, CO2-powered sprayer equipped with 4 flat-fan nozzles. The insecticides were applied at 50 PSI in 50 gal of water per acre on 14 Jun. Each plot was 2 rows (34-inch row spacing) wide and 25 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated on 13 Jun one day before insecticide application. Regular sprinkler irrigation was resumed on 20 Jun, 6 days after treatments were applied. The number of dead and live CPB per sq yd of soil surface per plot were counted on 15 Jun (1 day posttreatment) and the percentages of mortality were calculated. The number of CPB adults and larvae on 6 row-ft of plants were counted and the percentage of plant defoliation caused by CPB was estimated on 1, 19, 22, and 27 Jul and 3 Aug.
Synthetic Pyrethroids for Aphid Control on Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Powell Donnie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 20 Apr in Ritzville silt loam soil (Mesic Calidirothic Haploxerolls) pH 6.2, and organic matter 1.6% at Yakima, WA. The experimental insecticides were applied to the foliage of potatoes with a 2-row, 4-flat fan nozzle, portable boom CO2 powered sprayer at 50 PSI in 50 gal of water per acre on 15 Jun ’82. The plots were 2 rows (34 inch) wide and 25 ft long. The treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated on 13 Jun, before the insecticide application, and on 25 Jun, after the 10-day aphid count. The normal irrigation cycle was on a 5 to 7-day interval. Twenty compound potato leaves were collected from the lower 2/3 of the plants from each plot and the number of green peach aphids (GPA) on the leaves were counted on 18, 22, 25 and 29 Jun; or 3, 7, 10 and 14 days posttreatment.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae with Foliar Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Radclifie Edward B. , Stucker David , Krueger Craig , Flanders Kathy , Watrin Clifford G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 18 May, at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm (RRVPGA), Grand Forks, ND. Plots were of variable length with 38-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. All beetle larvae were counted on every plant in each replication until a minimum of 200 larvae were found. Insecticide treatments were applied using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre at 35 psi. Treatments were applied 7 Jul and evaluated 24 h later on 8 Jul. Subsequent evaluations were not possible because of the aerial application of insecticide to the entire field on 9 Jul.
Irrigation Insecticide Injections for Control of Potato and Green Peach Aphids on Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Sandvol Larry E. , Longley T. S. , Pavek Diane , Hawley James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 1 May ’84 in Purdam silt loam at the University of Idaho, Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID. The plots were 80-ft diam circles (0.1 acre) spaced 80 ft apart. Four treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Three inch hook-and-latch pipe with 6-1/8 inch nozzles were used in 3 positions on the field. Treatments were applied with a MAZZEI® injector for 20 min. Water was applied at the rate of 0.2 inch/h with a 7 h.p. pump. Insect populations were sampled pre-treatment and 1, 3, 7 days posttreatment by counting live aphids per 25 leaves.
Foliar Applications of Bacillus Thurengiensis for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1984
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Pavek Diane , Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 19 May, ’84 in declo silt loam at the Research and Extension Center in Aberdeen, ID. The plots consisted of four 25-ft rows planted 36 inches apart. Six treatments were replicated 4 times in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were applied 13 Jul with a hand held, 2-row 4-flat fan nozzles, CO2 pressurized sprayer, calibrated to deliver 13 gal/acre at 30 psi. Colorado potato beetle populations were sampled at 1 day before and 2, 5, 10 days after spraying by counting live larvae and adults that were visible without disturbing the foliage of the middle 2 rows of each plot.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1984
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates, planted 23 May at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1983. The 3.0-m space between blocks was bare soil. The 4-row plots were separated by 2 rows of untreated potatoes. All rows were machine planted 0.9 in apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy seed pieces (ca. 75g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 8 foliar applications of Diathane M-45 (1681 g/ha the weeks of 9 and 16 Jul, 2242 g/ha the weeks of 23, 30 Jul, 6, 13, 20 and 27 Aug). Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Numbers of egg masses, larvae, and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the middle rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformations of the raw data using log10 (x + 1). Means of the sum of each stage of the beetle were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 15.52, 13.74, and 7.26 cm. The average temp for each of the same 3 months was 15.6, 20.0 and 19.7°C.
Hardi Mist Blower Demonstration, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 6 Apr in Carteret County. Treatment plots consisted of 7 rows 1100 ft long on 36-inch centers. Plots were nonreplicated and used for demonstration. Applications were made using a Hardi Mist Blower sprayer operating at 240 psi and 200 mph wind velocity. Applications were made on 12 May. Numbers of CPB adults, larvae and eggs were evaluated by examining 3 consecutive plants at 4 random locations in the center row on 12 May (pretreatment) and 24 May.
Squash Bug Control, 1984
Authors: Beevers M. H. , Santoro T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pumpkins were planted on 15 Jul, in Fresno, California. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of a single row 8 ft long on 5-ft centers. Foliar treatments were applied on 23 Aug, to a large population of squash bug eggs, nymphs, and adults. A CO2 backpack sprayer with a single 8002 flat fan nozzle was used to deliver 200 gal/acre at 40 psi. A single plant was marked in the center of each plot. At 4, 7, and 14 days after application squash bug control was assessed by counting the nymphs and adults on that plant.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Tomatoes, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seedlings were planted no-till in 25-ft rows on 17 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a chisel in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered rye. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 12, 19, 26 Jun and 3 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the no. of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae per 10 plants and the % of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken 20 Aug.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1984
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 8 Mar, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-inch high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied 5, 11, 18, 25 Apr, 2, 9, 17 and 23 May with a 2.5-gal hand-held CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered ca. 60-100 gal/acre (gal increased as the plants grew). On 18 May, the no. of leafmines were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of the 4th fully expanded leaf from the tops of 10 branches per plot. The no. of undamaged fruit and the no. of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm and a climbing cutworm) or true bugs (stink bugs and leaffooted bugs) were totalled over harvests taken on 16 and 31 May.
Insect Control on Tomato in Southwest Florida, Spring 1984
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 16 Feb, 18 inches apart on 3-ft wide by 6-inch high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 8, 15, 22 Mar, 2, 6, 12, 19 and 26 Apr with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 40-120 gal/acre (gal increased as the plants grew). On 9 May, the no. of small and large leafmines (those either less than or greater than 0.5 inch in length, respectively) were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of 10 branches per plot. The no. of undamaged fruit and those damaged by lepidopterous larvae (principally the southern armyworm and tomato pinworm) and stink bugs were counted in a single harvest on 11 May.
Impact of Pesticides on Leafminers and Their Associated Parasites on Tomatoes, 1984
Authors: Trumble J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seedlings were transplanted on 10 Jul at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 40 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 2 wk, and drip irrigated thereafter. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at flowering. Application dates included 17, 24, 31 Aug, and 7 and 14 Sep. A tractormounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments included 0.4% spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of larvae and pupae in 4 pupal trays/replicate from 23 Aug through 13 Sep. On 21 Sep, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea), external damage (primarily S. exinua), and K. lycopersicella.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1984
Authors: Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A nine-year-old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, Nevada was used for this study. Treatments were applied when alfalfa was 15 to 18 inches tall with 40-50% of plants showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 X 50 ft with treatments replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated bicycle plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 20.9 gpa at 35 psi. Treatments were made on 22 May and posttreatment samples were taken on 25, 29 May, 5 Jun and consisted of 10 sweeps of a standard net taken at random from each replicate. Alfalfa yield was determined from 80-ft2 samples taken from each replicate. Yield samples were taken 2 days after the last insect samples were taken.
Winter and Spring Treatments for Control of Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil (EAW), 1983-1984
Authors: Beevers M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in Fresno, CA on a 3-year-old stand. Treatments were applied to 20-ft by 30-i’t plots in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Applications were made with a CO2 bicycle wheel sprayer calibrated at 26 gpa and 40 psi. The first application, against adults, was on 13 Dec ’83 and the second, against larvae, on 12 Mar ’84. Additional applications of Furadan at 1.0 lb (AI)/A were made on 21 Dec ’83 and 3 Feb ’84. Evaluations were made with a 15-inch diam sweep net on 11 May, 15 Mar, 19 Mar, and 26 Mar ’84.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae in Oklahoma, 1984
Authors: Rerberet Richard , Dowdy Alan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Main Res Stn at Perkins, Okla. Pretreatment counts made on 13 Apr just prior to application of insecticides indicated an infestation level of 7 larvae per stem. Plots were 4 x 7 m and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles and calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre. Population densities of weevil larvae were determined at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days posttreatment by collecting 25 stems per plot on each data and extracting larvae with Rerlese funnels. Total counts per plot on each date were divided by 25 to give populations in larvae per stem. Plant damage ratings of 1 = undamaged through 9 = 100% defoliated were assigned for each plot prior to harvest. Yields were determined by harvesting and weighing forage from 5 m2 per plot. Subsamples were oven-dried for yield determinations on a dry weight per acre basis.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, Missouri, 1984
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Kirfman G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on 23 May ’84 at Linneus, Mo, on a 5-year-old stand. The alfalfa was 14 inches tall at treatment. Treatment plots were 20 by 20 ft and arranged in a complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a 20-ft spray boom, 8002 flat fan nozzles, and 50 mesh screen. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 40 psi. Conditions at treatment were 74° F with 5 mph winds. Evaluations were made at 24 h, 6 and 13 days with 10 sweeps/plot of a 15-inch diam sweep net. Precipitation fell 6 of 13 days posttreatment. Data were transformed by X + 0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts.