bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the thermal behavior of a battery pack with a serpentine channel
Authors: Ding Yuzhang , Ji Haocheng , Liu Rui , Jiang Yuwei , Wei Minxiang 
Published: May 2022

To effectively enhance the thermal security of the Li-ion battery packs used in the electric vehicle industry, novel cooling systems equipped with serpentine channels are established. Then, the heat generation model is established and verified experimentally. In this research study, the structure of the cooling channel, the coolant velocity, the coolant temperature, and the coolant flow direction are considered to be the influencing factors. The results demonstrate that, by adopting the serpentine cooling channel, a better thermal conductivity can be obtained, and the type-B cooling system possesses a more reasonable structure. For different types of liquid cooling systems, the coolant temperature has a small influence on the temperature nephogram; however, for the same type of system, the coolant temperature strongly influences the temperature distribution. Similarly, the temperature difference is only related to the type of cooling system, with ∼6.09 and 5.53 K obtained for the type-A and type-B cooling systems, respectively. Furthermore, allowing the coolant in the serpentine cooling channels to flow in opposite directions can lower the value of the maximum temperature and temperature difference.
Effect of ellipticity of optical eigenwaves on the enhancement of efficiency of acousto-optic Bragg diffraction. A case of optically active Pb5Ge3O11 crystals
Authors: Mys Oksana , Kostyrko Myroslav , Adamenko Dmytro , Martynyuk-Lototska Iryna , Skab Ihor , Vlokh Rostyslav 
Published: May 2022

We show that the existence of optical activity in an optical material can lead to essential enhancement of acousto-optic (AO) figure of merit. The reason is that the ellipticity of interacting optical eigenwaves approaches unity near the optical axis and so additional elasto-optic (EO) tensor components become involved in the effective EO coefficient. We demonstrate on lead germanate crystals that the increase in the efficiency of AO diffraction manifests itself for all types of AO interactions whenever the incident optical wave propagates close to the optical axis. In the particular case of diffraction in the interaction plane XZ of Pb5Ge3O11 crystals, the maximal enhancement of the AO figure of merit takes place under conditions of the isotropic diffraction of ordinary and extraordinary optical waves with a pure transverse acoustic wave (AW) polarized parallel to the Y axis (a so-called AW PT2), with the AO figure of merit increasing from zero to 7.5 × 10−17 s3/kg, and the types of anisotropic diffraction on the AWs QT1 and PT2 when the AO figure of merit increases twice (e.g., from 7.6 × 10−17 to 1.5 × 10−16 s3/kg). The maximal AO efficiency in the interaction plane XZ is reached at types I and II of the isotropic AO interactions of ordinary and extraordinary optical waves with a quasi-longitudinal AW; in these cases, the AO figure of merit increases from 6.8 × 10−15 to 12.4 × 10−15 s3/kg and from 5.6 × 10−15 to 12.4 × 10−15 s3/kg, respectively.
Intermediate-state imaging of electrical switching and quantum coupling of molybdenum disulfide monolayer
Authors: Wang Zixiao , Niu Ben , Jiang Bo , Chen Hong-Yuan , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Thin transparent semiconductors of two-dimensional materials are attractive for the practical applications in next-generation nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. Probing the electron states and electrical switching mechanisms of a molybdenum disulphide monolayer with atomic-scale thickness (6.5 Å) allows us to unlock the full technological potential of this nanomaterial. We introduced a plasmonic phase imaging method to uncover the underlying mechanism and detailed switching dynamics of an electrical-state switching event. This dramatic phase change can be attributed to the reversible switching of classical electromagnetic coupling and quantum coupling effects interplaying between a single metal nanoparticle and molybdenum disulphide monolayer, and the transient intermediate states during the switching event can be directly imaged by a plasmonic technique.
The causal effect of a family planning intervention on women’s contraceptive use and birth spacing
Authors: Karra Mahesh , Maggio Dan , Guo Muqi , Ngwira Bagrey , Canning David 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Improving access to family planning may promote contraceptive use after childbirth and reduce the likelihood of closely spaced high-risk births; however, empirical evidence for these claims is limited. We present findings from a field experiment that examines the causal impact of a broad-based family-planning intervention on postpartum contraceptive use and fertility over a 2-y period, which allows us to assess impact on high-risk short pregnancy intervals. Our findings demonstrate that the benefits of family planning extend beyond contraceptive use to improve fertility and healthy birth spacing. Evidence from this study will contribute to the design of effective family-planning programs and to informing the ongoing policy debate about how such programs impact longer-term health and development more broadly.
A peptide-mediated, multilateral molecular dialogue for the coordination of pollen wall formation
Authors: Truskina Jekaterina , Brück Stefanie , Stintzi Annick , Boeuf Sophy , Doll Nicolas M. , Fujita Satoshi , Geldner Niko , Schaller Andreas , Ingram Gwyneth C. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Pollen viability depends on a tough external barrier called the pollen wall. Pollen wall components are produced by tapetum cells, which surround developing pollen grains within the anther. Precise coordination of tapetum activity with pollen grain development is required to ensure effective pollen wall formation. Here, we reveal that this is achieved through a multidirectional dialogue involving three distinct cell types. We show that peptide precursors from the tapetum are activated by proteases produced stage specifically in developing pollen grains. Unexpectedly, we found that activated peptides are perceived not in the tapetum, but in the middle layer, which encloses the developing tapetum and pollen grains, revealing an unsuspected role for this enigmatic cell layer in the control of tapetum development.
Single-cell transcriptomic classification of rabies-infected cortical neurons
Authors: Patiño Maribel , Lagos Will N. , Patne Neelakshi S. , Tasic Bosiljka , Zeng Hongkui , Callaway Edward M. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Monosynaptic rabies tracing using glycoprotein (G)-deleted rabies virus is widely applied to study cortical circuit connectivity. However, connectivity tracing using rabies virus could benefit from higher throughput methods of assigning rabies-labeled inputs to neuronal cell types and the ability to assign cells to finer genetically defined subtypes. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that rabies-infected cortical neurons can be transcriptomically characterized according to established cell types when using transcriptome-wide analysis. Furthermore, we find that rabies infection differentially affects distinct host genes, suggesting that some genes may be more vulnerable to transcriptional modulation than others, which may impede the classification of rabies-infected cells when using methods that rely on the detection of single or few genes.
Attribution in novice academic writing
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Academic attribution, the direct acknowledgement of external sources, is investigated in two corpora of novice
academic English, representing first and second language writing in linguistics. The forms and uses of attribution are analysed in
a formal-functional framework. There is an overall underrepresentation of attribution in the learner corpus. However, the corpora
have a similar proportional distribution of integral and non-integral attribution, but a difference in subtypes of these. Undated
attributions are discussed as a special case. They occur in specific contexts, of which reference to course reading is peculiar to
novice writing. Comparisons with expert corpora in Norwegian and English indicate that some, but not all, of the differences
between the novice corpora may be linked to influence from the learners’ first language and culture.
The heart of the matter: A matter of the heart
Authors: Kövecses Zoltán 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhy should Jesus die? I attempt to investigate the symbolic roots and significance of the crucifixion by means of the conceptual tools and methodology of cognitive semantics. In particular, I propose that we approach the meaning of Jesus’ death on four symbolic levels:the level where Jesus is a sacrificial lamb;the level where Jesus is a scapegoat and a sufferer for people’s sins;the level where Jesus is a redeemer and a savior;the level where Jesus is bread and wine in the Holy Communion.I suggest that all four levels prove distinct yet interdependent interpretations for the crucifixion. The different interpretations bring to the fore different aspects of the figure of Jesus and his death. While all of these aspects have been studied extensively by various authors from a cognitive linguistic perspective, my focus will be on the interrelations and interdependence of the four interpretations of Jesus’ figure and death.
Attribute transfer
Authors: Panther Klaus-Uwe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rhetorical tropehypallage, here calledAttribute Transfer(AT), has been exploited artistically and creatively since antiquity in poetic and narrative discourse, but it is also used in ordinary language. This study focuses on modifier-noun constructions in which the prenominal modifier (attribute) is “shifted” from one position to another – a “transfer” that triggers metonymic interpretations. AT constitutes a violation of the iconically motivated proximity principle (Givón 2001) according to which the conceptual and functional closeness of linguistic units is mirrored in their morphosyntactic structure. The principle of proximity competes with metonymic motivation – the latter prevailing at the expense of the former. An interesting structural parallelism exists between AT and the shift of the negatornotfrom its “logical” position to another syntactic slot (‘neg-transportation’), which again exhibits a violation of the proximity principle. The article concludes with some suggestions for further research, especially cross-linguistic and typological investigations.
Vacuum Einstein field equations in smooth metric measure spaces: the isotropic case*
Authors: Brozos-Vázquez M , Mojón-Álvarez D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
On a smooth metric measure spacetime (M, g, e
−f
dvol

g
), we define a weighted Einstein tensor. It is given in terms of the Bakry–Émery Ricci tensor as a tensor which is symmetric, divergence-free, concomitant of the metric and the density function. We consider the associated vacuum weighted Einstein field equations and show that isotropic solutions have nilpotent Ricci operator. Moreover, the underlying manifold is a Brinkmann wave if it is two-step nilpotent and a Kundt spacetime if it is three-step nilpotent. More specific results are obtained in dimension 3, where all isotropic solutions are given in local coordinates as plane waves or Kundt spacetimes.
Multipole oscillator strength and polarizability for confined hydrogen-like atoms under high pressure
Authors: Mukherjee Neetik , Chakraborty Sudipta , Roy Amlan K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multipole oscillator strength (f
(k)) acts as a foundation in estimating multipole polarizability

(

α

i

(

k

)

)

in a quantum system. Moreover, a knowledge of f
(k) as well as

α

i

(

k

)

under extreme pressure may be treated as the benchmark in high pressure spectroscopy. Further, an investigation of rate of change of these quantities and transition moment integral as a function of confinement radius (R) may offer many hitherto unexplained features. Here, we derive several such relations for confined H-like atom as a test case. In this regard, a virial theorem is utilized. The versatility of these derived relations in the context of atom is also discussed. Apart from that, we report numerically calculated results of α
(k), f
(k) for a confined H-like atom trapped inside a spherical cavity of radius R. A detailed and systematic analysis of these are undertaken in case of k ranging from 1–4, with special emphasis on 1s, 2s, 2p, 3d states. Their behavior is found to be significantly different from their respective free counterparts.
Field orientation dependent magnetization reversal and dynamics in sub-100 nm wide permalloy nanowires
Authors: Kuchibhotla Mahathi , Talapatra Abhishek , Haldar Arabinda , Adeyeye Adekunle Olusola 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the magnetization reversal mechanism and dynamic behaviour of 90 nm wide permalloy nanowires patterned over a large area as a function of thickness (t) in the range from 20 nm to 70 nm and applied field orientation. The reversal processes and dynamic properties are probed using the magneto-optical Kerr effect and broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy respectively. We have observed that both the static and dynamic properties are markedly sensitive to the film thickness. For t= 20 nm, the magnetization reversal process is dominated by coherent rotation mode due to the strong shape anisotropy and the onset of curling mode is observed. The FMR spectra display the existence of two well-separated modes, unlike the single mode which existed in the large width nanowires of the same thickness. The two modes at high and low frequencies correspond to the excitations at the centre and edges of the wire respectively. For t ⩾ 50 nm, the magnetization reversal process is dominated by curling mode of reversal. The centre mode frequency is found to be sensitive to the film thickness and shows two fold anisotropy. The experimental results are substantiated with micromagnetic simulations. These results have potential implications in designing reconfigurable magnonic crystals for microwave devices.
Cerium metal oxidation studied by IR reflection-absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies
Authors: Schweke Danielle , Rubin Alon , Rabinovitch Lior , Kraynis Olga , Livneh Tsachi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Oxidation of cerium metal is a complex process which is strongly affected by the presence of water vapor in the oxidative atmosphere. Here, we explore, by means of infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and Raman scattering spectroscopies, thin oxide films, formed on cerium metal during oxidation, under dry vs ambient (humid) air conditions (∼0.2% and ∼50% relative humidities, respectively) and compare them with a thin film of CeO2 deposited on a Si substrate. Complementary analysis of the thin films using x-ray diffraction and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy enables the correlation between their structure and spectroscopic characterizations. The initial oxidation of cerium metal results in the formation of highly sub-stoichiometric CeO2−x
. Under dry air conditions, a major fraction of that oxide reacts with oxygen to form CeO∼2, which is spectroscopically detected by Raman scattering F
2g
symmetry mode and by IRAAS F
1u
symmetry mode, splitted into doubly-degenerate transverse optic and mono-degenerate longitudinally optic (LO) modes. In contrast, under ambient (humid) conditions, the oxide formed is more heterogenous, as the reaction of CeO2−x
diverges towards the dominant formation of Ce(OH)3. Prior to the spectral emergence of Ce(OH)3, hydrogen ions incorporate into the highly sub-stoichiometric oxide, as manifested by Ce–H local vibrational mode detected in the Raman spectrum. The spectroscopic response of the thin oxide layer thus formed is more complex; particularly noted is the absence of the LO mode. It is attributed to the high density of microstructural and compositional defects in the oxide layer, which results in a heterogenous dielectric nature of the thin film, far from being representable by a single phase of CeO∼2.
Simultaneous measurement of phase retardation and fast axis azimuth of wave plate based on equivalent component and phase detection
Authors: Chen Qianghua , Ding Jinhong , Guan Yu , Han Wenyuan , Zhou Sheng , He Yongxi , Wang Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wave plates (WPs) are key components in optical polarization systems whose phase retardations and fast axis azimuths should be determined accurately. At present many measurement methods are based on light intensity detection which is inevitably affected by light intensity fluctuations so that the measurement accuracy is limited. What’s more, quite a few methods cannot measure WPs’ fast axis azimuths simultaneously. In this paper a method of simultaneously measuring the phase retardation and fast axis azimuth of arbitrary WP is proposed, which is based on equivalent component and phase detection. A rotatable half wave plate (HWP) and a retroreflector are used and its effect is equivalent to measuring an equivalent WP whose phase retardation is twice that of the measured wave plate, which is equivalent to doubling the measurement resolution. Phase detection is used to process the signals which means the measurement accuracy is better than that by usual light intensity detection. What’s more, the presented method eliminates the angle positioning errors of birefringent components in principle which exists in many present WP measurement methods. Finally, the measurement system setup is simple as well as the measurement process. The measurement formulae are deduced and corresponding WP measuring system is established. The error analysis shows that the system measurement uncertainty is about 3.9′ for the phase retardation and 5” for the fast axis azimuth. Experiment results and comparisons of quarter WPs and HWPs show that the presented method is in good agreement with other method. The phase retardation measurement repeatability is also good with a standard deviation about 2′.
Atomistic simulation of martensite decay
Authors: Oila Adrian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the phenomenon of martensite decay in gears by deforming a grinding mark subjected to contact stresses exerted by a rigid plate. The velocities imposed on the rigid plate and the interatomic potential chosen to represent the interactions between the rigid plate and the grinding mark allow for a realistic representation of an elastohydrodynamic contact with an average friction coefficient of 0.05 and all values below 0.1. Due to the initial plastic deformation the height of the grinding mark reduces significantly between two loading cycles, consequently, during the second loading cycle the deformation is predominantly elastic and dislocations only nucleate during the first loading cycle. The diffusion of carbon atoms from the grinding mark leads to the formation of plate-like regions depleted in carbon and precipitation of cementite, the products of martensite decay, as observed experimentally.
Advances in heterostructured scintillators: toward a new generation of detectors for TOF-PET
Authors: Pagano Fiammetta , Kratochwil Nicolaus , Salomoni Matteo , Pizzichemi Marco , Paganoni Marco , Auffray Etiennette 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Time-of-flight-positron emission tomography would highly benefit from a coincidence time resolution (CTR) below 100 ps: improvement in image quality and patient workflow, and reduction of delivered dose are among them. This achievement proved to be quite challenging, and many approaches have been proposed and are being investigated for this scope. One of the most recent consists in combining different materials with complementary properties (e.g. high stopping power for 511 keV

γ

-ray and fast timing) in a so-called heterostructure, metascintillator or metapixel. By exploiting a mechanism of energy sharing between the two materials, it is possible to obtain a fraction of fast events which significantly improves the overall time resolution of the system. Approach. In this work, we present the progress on this innovative technology. After a simulation study using the Geant4 toolkit, aimed at understanding the optimal configuration in terms of energy sharing, we assembled four heterostructures with alternating plates of BGO and EJ232 plastic scintillator. We fabricated heterostructures of two different sizes (3 × 3 × 3 mm3 and 3 × 3 × 15 mm3), each made up of plates with two different thicknesses of plastic plates. We compared the timing of these pixels with a standard bulk BGO crystal and a structure made of only BGO plates (layered BGO). Main results. CTR values of 239 ± 12 ps and 197 ± 10 ps FWHM were obtained for the 15 mm long heterostructures with 100 µm and 200 µm thick EJ232 plates (both with 100 µm thick BGO plates), compared to 271 ± 14 ps and 303 ± 15 ps CTR for bulk and layered BGO, respectively. Significance. Significant improvements in timing compared to standard bulk BGO were obtained for all the configurations tested. Moreover, for the long pixels, depth of interaction (DOI) collimated measurements were also performed, allowing to validate a simple model describing light transport inside the heterostructure.
Reduction of transport due to magnetic shear in gyrokinetic simulations of the scrape-off layer
Authors: Mandell N R , Hammett G W , Hakim A , Francisquez M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effect of varying magnetic shear on scrape-off layer turbulence and profiles is studied via electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of a helical scrape-off layer model. We develop a model helical geometry with magnetic shear and a corresponding field-aligned coordinate system, which is used for simulations with theGkeyllcode. We find that perpendicular transport is reduced in cases with stronger shear, resulting in higher peak particle and heat fluxes to the endplates. Electromagnetic effects slightly increase transport in strong shear cases.
Vacuum decay in the Lorentzian path integral
Authors: Hayashi Takumi , Kamada Kohei , Oshita Naritaka , Yokoyama Jun'ichi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We apply the Lorentzian path integral to the decay of a false vacuum and estimate the false-vacuum decay rate. To make the Lorentzian path integral convergent, the deformation of an integration contour is performed by following the Picard-Lefschetz theory. We show that the nucleation rate of a critical bubble, for which the corresponding bounce action is extremized, has the same exponent as the Euclidean approach. We also extend our computation to the nucleation of a bubble larger or smaller than the critical one to which the Euclidean formalism is not applicable.