bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varying climatic-social-geographical patterns shape the conflict risk at regional and global scales
Authors: Hao Mengmeng , Ding Fangyu , Xie Xiaolan , Fu Jingying , Qian Yushu , Ide Tobias , Maystadt Jean-François , Chen Shuai , Ge Quansheng , Jiang Dong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven that armed conflict has been seriously impeding sustainable development, reducing the frequency and intensity of armed conflicts has become an explicit goal and a common theme of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Determining the factors shaping armed conflict risks in different regions could support formulating region-specific strategies to prevent armed conflicts. A machine learning approach was applied to reveal the drivers of, and especially the impact of climatic conditions on, armed conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia and characterizes their changes over time. The analyses show a rising impact of climatic conditions on armed conflict risk over the past decades, although the influences vary regionally. The overall percentage increases in the contribution of climatic conditions to conflict risks over the last 30 years in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia are 4.25, 4.76, and 10.65 percentage points, respectively. Furthermore, it is found that the Climatic–Social–Geographical (“C–S–G”) patterns that characterize armed conflict risks vary across the three studied regions, while each regional pattern remains relatively stable over time. These findings indicate that when devising defenses against conflicts, it is required to adapt to specific situations in each region to more effectively mitigate the risk of armed conflict and pursue Sustainability Development Goals.
High speed ultraviolet digital image correlation (UV-DIC) for dynamic strains at extreme temperatures
Authors: Rowley Lindsey J. , Thai Thinh Q. , Dabb Alisa , Hill Benjamin D. , Furman Brandon A. , Berke Ryan B. 
Published: August 2022

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is a camera-based method of measuring full-field displacements and strains from the surface of a deforming object. It can be applied at any length scale (determined by the lenses) and any time scale (determined by the camera), and because it is non-contacting, it can also be used at temperatures much higher than can be withstood by bonded strain gauges. At extreme temperatures, materials emit light in the form of blackbody radiation, which can saturate the camera sensor. It has previously been shown that the emitted light can be effectively screened by using ultraviolet (UV) cameras, lenses, and filters; however, commercially available UV cameras are relatively slow, which limits the speed of combined UV-DIC measurements. In this study, a UV intensifier was paired with a high-speed camera, and its ability to perform UV-DIC at high temperature and high speed was investigated. The system was compared over three different experiments: (A) a quasi-static thermal expansion test at high temperature, (B) a vibration test at room temperature, and (C) the same vibration test repeated at high temperature. The system successfully performed DIC up to at least 1600 °C at frame rates of 5000 fps, which is more than 100 times faster than other examples of UV-DIC in the literature. In all cases, measurements made using the UV intensifier were much noisier than those made without the intensifier, but the intensifier enabled measurements at temperatures well above those which an unfiltered high-speed camera otherwise saturates.
Multispectral time-resolved energy–momentum microscopy using high-harmonic extreme ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Heber Michael , Wind Nils , Kutnyakhov Dmytro , Pressacco Federico , Arion Tiberiu , Roth Friedrich , Eberhardt Wolfgang , Rossnagel Kai 
Published: August 2022

A 790-nm-driven high-harmonic generation source with a repetition rate of 6 kHz is combined with a toroidal-grating monochromator and a high-detection-efficiency photoelectron time-of-flight momentum microscope to enable time- and momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy over a spectral range of 23.6–45.5 eV with sub-100 fs time resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) Fermi surface mapping is demonstrated on graphene-covered Ir(111) with energy and momentum resolutions of ≲100 meV and ≲0.1 Å−1, respectively. The tabletop experiment sets the stage for measuring the kz-dependent ultrafast dynamics of 3D electronic structure, including band structure, Fermi surface, and carrier dynamics in 3D materials as well as 3D orbital dynamics in molecular layers.
Taiwan axion search experiment with haloscope: Designs and operations
Authors: Chang Hsin , Chang Jing-Yang , Chang Yi-Chieh , Chang Yu-Han , Chang Yuan-Hann , Chen Chien-Han , Chen Ching-Fang , Chen Kuan-Yu , Chen Yung-Fu , Chiang Wei-Yuan , Chien Wei-Chen , Doan Hien Thi , Hung Wei-Cheng , Kuo Watson , Lai Shou-Bai , Liu Han-Wen , OuYang Min-Wei , Wu Ping-I , Yu Shin-Shan 
Published: August 2022

We report on a holoscope axion search experiment near 19.6 µeV from the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope collaboration. This experiment is carried out via a frequency-tunable cavity detector with a volume V = 0.234 liter in a magnetic field B0 = 8 T. With a signal receiver that has a system noise temperature Tsys ≅ 2.2 K and an experiment time of about one month, the search excludes values of the axion–photon coupling constant gaγγ ≳ 8.1 × 10−14 GeV−1, a factor of 11 above the Kim–Shifman–Vainshtein–Zakharov benchmark model, at the 95% confidence level in the mass range of 19.4687–19.8436 µeV. We present the experimental setup and procedures to accomplish this search.
New exact solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with extended rational sin–cos and sinh–cosh method
Authors: Ahmadi Karchi Nikan , Ghaemi Mohammad Bagher , Vahidi Javad 
Published: August 2022

This paper employs the extended rational sin–cos and sinh–cosh method to construct precise solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is illustrated that the proposed technique provides a foremost and effectual mathematical tool for solving numerous types of partial differential equations applied in mathematics, optics, physics, and chemical engineering. We obtain the consequences of periodic, dark, and bright solutions. Furthermore, we can imagine the acquired solutions by drawing two-dimensional and three-dimensional plots.
Low frequency and broadband sound attenuation by meta-liner under grazing flow and high sound intensity
Authors: Wu Fei , Ju Zegang , Geng Ziteng , Zhao Jiang , Hu Man , She Guilin , Pu Huayan , Luo Jun , Xiang Ping 
Published: August 2022

Acoustic liners are the most effective solution to attenuate the noise of ducts with flows but still suffer from narrow sound absorption bandwidth and heavy bulk. In this work, we present a new type of acoustic meta-liner structure, which is composed of perforated plates and coiled-up Fabry–Pérot (FP) channels with carefully designed equivalent length. By tuning the geometric parameters of the perforated plate and the optimal combination of the coiled-up FP channels, perfect impedance matching is achieved in a broadband range. The strong dissipation of sound energy could also be observed under different speeds of grazing flow and high incident sound intensity. It is analytically, numerically, and experimentally demonstrated that for the structure, over 90% sound absorption is achieved in the broadband range from 500 to 3000 Hz in the absence of flow and the condition of grazing flow with a speed of 30–98 m/s, coupled with a 90–130 dB incident sound pressure level. Moreover, the thickness of the proposed simply structured meta-liner is 44 mm, which is only 8/125th of the wavelength corresponding to 500 Hz. As a deep sub-wavelength liner, it exhibits potential application prospects in the field of fluid–solid coupled machinery such as aero-engine systems and ventilation duct systems.
The extremal Sombor index of trees and unicyclic graphs with given matching number
Authors: Zhou Ting , Lin Zhen , Miao Lianying 
Published: August 2022

In 2021, the Sombor index was introduced by Gutman, which is a new vertex-degree-based topological index. The Sombor index of a graph G is defined as , where dG(υ) is the degree of the vertex υ in G. Let and be the set of trees and unicyclic graphs on n vertices with fixed matching number m, respectively. In this paper, the trees and the unicyclic graphs with the maximum Sombor index among and are characterized, respectively.
An equipment multiple failure causes intelligent identification method based on integrated strategy for subway sliding plug door system under variable working condition
Authors: Guo Jing , Chen Gaige , Ma Hongbo , Qi Hui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The subway sliding plug door system has been opened and closed frequently for a long time under variable working conditions, and multiple failures are prone to occurring and resulting in train shutdowns and even major safety accidents. Due to the complex physical mechanism of the sliding plug door system, it is difficult for a single signal to accurately represent the failure states of the sliding plug door system. Thus, identifying the multiple failure causes of the subway sliding plug door system has become a challenging problem. Aiming at the problem, an equipment multiple failure causes intelligent identification method based on an integrated strategy is proposed for the subway sliding plug door system under variable working condition. In the proposed method, firstly, the sensitive features that can reflect the degradation state of equipment are obtained by using the random forest to measure the importance of fetatures and sort them. Secondly, feature dimensionality is reduced by using t-distributed stochastic neighbor mbedding (TSNE) to map the screened high-dimensional features to low-dimensional space. Finally, the parameters of the extreme learning machine (ELM) are optimized by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to build a multiple failure causes classification model. The proposed method is verified by the 1:1 benchmark test data of the subway sliding plug door system. The results show that the proposed method has higher classification accuracy, faster calculation speed, and stronger generalization ability. The proposed method is an effective integrated strategy to identify multiple failure causes in the subway sliding plug door system and guide the health management and operational maintenance of the subway sliding plug door system.
Green method for synthesis and characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles using Mulberry plant extract and their antibacterial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Shkir Mohd 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is treated to be an eco-friendly path and cost-effective. Mulberry plant extract was used to synthesize CuO nanoparticles in this study. UV spectroscopy absorbance at 370 nm was used to analyze the resulting synthesized nanoparticles. The distribution of nanoparticles and particle sizes were discovered to be in the range of 40–60 nm using scanning electron microscopy. The polydisperse entity of CuO nanoparticles was revealed by TEM morphology and their SAED pattern rings. The plant bio-compounds and nanoparticles reaction involved functional groups were determined from FTIR analysis. Copper nanoparticles have characteristic diffraction peaks in the x-ray diffraction spectrum at 38.81°, and 66.35° which correspond to lattice planes (1 1 1) and (2 0 2), respectively. The organic dye pollutants of MB degraded in 90% at 40 min under visible light irradiation. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the CuO nanoparticles was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The results support the hypothesis that green synthesized CuO nanoparticles could be a viable treatment option for diseases caused by microbial pathogens. This fact-finding result is that Mulberry plant extract-based green synthesized CuO nanoparticles destroyed or considerably inhibited pathogen activity, as well as having high antioxidant activity.
Taking neutrino pictures via electrons
Authors: Lin Guey-Lin , Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh , Spinrath Martin , Van Thi Dieu Hien , Wang Tse-Chun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the prospects to take
a picture of an extended neutrino source, i.e.,
resolving its angular neutrino luminosity distribution.
This is challenging since neutrino directions
cannot be directly measured but only estimated
from the directions of charged particles they interact with in the detector
material. This leads to an intrinsic blurring effect.
We first discuss the problem
in general terms and then apply our insights to solar
neutrinos scattering elastically with electrons. Despite the aforementioned
blurring we show how with high
statistics and precision the original neutrino distributions
could be reconstructed.
Constraining U(1)
L

μ
–
L

τ
charged dark matter model for muon g – 2 anomaly with AMS-02 electron and positron data
Authors: Zu Lei , Pan Xu , Feng Lei , Yuan Qiang , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Very recently, the Fermi-Lab reported the new experimental combined results on the magnetic momentum of muon with a 4.2σ discrepancy compared with the expectation of the Standard Model [1]. A new light gauge boson X in the Lμ
– Lτ
model provides a good explanation for the g – 2 anomaly. A Dirac fermion dark matter with a large Lμ
– Lτ
charge can explain both the g – 2 anomaly and the dark matter relic density [2]. In this work, we focus on the case that the mass of the dark matter is larger than the mass of muon (i.e. m
Ψ > m
μ) for which the channel ΨΨ ⟶ μ
-
μ
+ opens. Although the cross section (σ v)
μ
-
μ
+
is smaller by a factor of 1/q
Ψ
2 (q
Ψ represents the Lμ
– Lτ
charge of the dark matter) compared with the channel ΨΨ ⟶ X X ⟶ ννν̅ν̅, the resulting secondary electrons and positrons could imprint on their spectra above GeV energies due to the reacceleration effect of cosmic ray propagation. We use the AMS-02 measurements of electrons and positrons to constrain the annihilation cross section of the channel ΨΨ ⟶ μ
-
μ
+, which rules out part of the parameter space of the large Lμ
– Lτ
charged dark matter model to account for the muon g – 2 anomaly.
Measuring the propagation speed of gravitational waves with LISA
Authors: Baker Tessa , Calcagni Gianluca , Chen Anson , Fasiello Matteo , Lombriser Lucas , Martinovic Katarina , Pieroni Mauro , Sakellariadou Mairi , Tasinato Gianmassimo , Bertacca Daniele , Saltas Ippocratis D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The propagation speed of gravitational waves, cT
, has been tightly constrained by the binary neutron star merger GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart, under the assumption of a frequency-independent cT
. Drawing upon arguments from Effective Field Theory and quantum gravity, we discuss the possibility that modifications of General Relativity allow for transient deviations of cT
from the speed of light at frequencies well below the band of current ground-based detectors. We motivate two representative Ansätze for cT
(f), and study their impact upon the gravitational waveforms of massive black hole binary mergers detectable by the LISA mission. We forecast the constraints on cT
(f) obtainable from individual systems and a population of sources, from both inspiral and a full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform. We show that LISA will enable us to place stringent independent bounds on departures from General Relativity in unexplored low-frequency regimes, even in the absence of an electromagnetic counterpart.
Estimating speed-accuracy trade-offs to evaluate and understand closed-loop prosthesis interfaces
Authors: Mamidanna Pranav , Dideriksen Jakob L , Dosen Strahinja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Closed-loop prosthesis interfaces, which combine electromyography (EMG)-based control with supplementary feedback, represent a promising direction for developing the next generation of bionic limbs. However, we still lack an understanding of how users utilize these interfaces and how to evaluate competing solutions. In this study, we used the framework of speed–accuracy trade-off functions (SAF) to understand, evaluate, and compare the performance of two closed-loop user-prosthesis interfaces. Approach. Ten able-bodied participants and an amputee performed a force-matching task in a functional box-and-block setup at three different speeds. All participants were subjected to both interfaces in a crossover study design with a 1 week washout period. Importantly, both interfaces used direct proportional control but differed in the feedback provided to the participant (EMG feedback vs. Force feedback). We estimated the SAFs afforded by the two interfaces and sought to understand how the participants planned and executed the task under the various conditions. Main results. We found that execution speed significantly influenced performance, and that EMG feedback afforded better overall performance, especially at medium speeds. Notably, we found that there was a difference in the SAF between the two interfaces, with EMG feedback enabling participants to attain higher accuracies faster than Force feedback. Furthermore, both interfaces enabled participants to develop flexible control policies, while EMG feedback also afforded participants the ability to generate smoother, more repeatable EMG commands. Significance. Overall, the results indicate that the performance of closed-loop prosthesis interfaces depends critically on the feedback approach and execution speed. This study showed that the SAF framework could be used to reveal the differences between feedback approaches, which might not have been detected if the assessment was performed at a single speed. Therefore, we argue that it is important to consider the speed–accuracy trade-offs to rigorously evaluate and compare user-prosthesis interfaces.
High gas throughput SOLPS-ITER simulations extending the ITER database to strong detachment
Authors: Lore J.D. , Bonnin X. , Park J.-S. , Pitts R.A. , Stangeby P.C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
SOLPS-ITER simulations performed for Q
DT = 10, P
SOL = 100 MW burning plasmas on ITER extend the existing database to high values of separatrix averaged neon impurity concentration (⟨c
Ne⟩ ≈ 6%) and divertor neutral pressure (⟨p
div⟩ > 25 Pa) in order to determine the heat flux mitigation capability of these scenarios and whether strongly detached states are accessible. In the existing database of ITER simulations, the level of detachment was limited to cases where the integral ion flux to the outer target was greater than 80% of the value at rollover, with the impurity radiation localized near the target. With the possibility of narrow heat flux channels and increased deposited power due to tile shaping, it is important to explore operation at a higher degree of detachment. Two series of simulations were explored to extend the database of SOLPS simulations. By increasing the deuterium and neon puff rates proportionally, the peak divertor energy flux (q
⊥,max) is decreased from 5 to 3 MW m−2 while ⟨p
div⟩ increased from 11 to 27 Pa. By increasing only the neon puff, q
⊥, max can be reduced to <1MW m−2 while ⟨p
div⟩ is maintained at

∼
11

Pa. As the neon puff level is increased, the position of the impurity radiation peak is shifted towards the X-point. At the highest neon puff levels with steady-state solutions, the electron temperature is reduced below 1 eV across 50 cm of each divertor target. The new cases extend previously observed tight relationships in power and momentum loss factors to low electron temperature improving their utility for highly detached regimes.
Investigation of GMR Eddy Current Permanent Magnet System for Carbon Steel Corrosion Identification using IoT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Drone Platform
Authors: Ali Kharudin , Joraimee Mohamad A. , Rifai Damhuji , Hazim Aizuddin Othman M. , Mohamed Ayub Mohd Anuar , Hussian Ammar Husaini , Paw Koh Siaw , Phing Chen Chai , Yaw Chong Tak , Ding Tan Jiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eddy current test (ECT) is one of the techniques for accurate testing as well as widely used in the aircraft and nuclear industry. Changes in thickness due to corrosion will affect the measurement of defects on pipes or plates. This will make an irrelevant decision as to whether the defect that occurs on the work piece is the thickness of the paint or corrosion. This problem can lead to the occurrence of leaking pipes, apart from the deterioration of the company’s productivity and most importantly endangering the safety of employees. Meanwhile, eddy current testing is one of the methods in NDT used to detect cracks or corrosion on the surface of carbon steel. In this work, GMR Eddy Current sensor is used to measure the corrosion on carbon steel pipes, and a permanent magnet is used to generate the magnetic field for corrosion detection. Also, this system is configured with an IoT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drone platform to facilitate access at different heights during the inspection process. The change of voltage amplitude at the GMR sensor on the test material proves the conditioning of the material either normal or corrosive. The result shows that when corrosion occurs on the pipe, the voltage amplitude increases up to 0.5% higher than normal. Finally, the metal loss is higher when the corrosion area is larger and at the same time it is directly proportional to the voltage amplitude
Gas Turbine Model Parameter Classification During Abnormal Operation Using Support Vector Machine For Maintenance
Authors: Yaw Chong Tak , Yap Keem Siah , Koh Siaw Paw , Tiong Sieh Kiong , Ali K. , Low Foo Wah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When there is a contingency in a major transmission system, it is crucial to locate and detect abnormal parameters using an accurately modeled gas turbine (GT) generator. In this paper, a new method was proposed to model, a GT generator system. Firstly, MATLAB/Simulink was used to rebuild GT-based model which was validated using a model in PSS/E. Secondly, an artificial intelligence (AI) based approach, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used for problem recognition in GT power plant. The results showed that, under steady-state, the electrical power of the rebuilt GT model was the same as the model in PSS/E. The advantage of having the MATLAB / Simulink GT model was the ability to visually observe the output from each block which was not possible in PSS/E. In addition, the average training accuracy was over 90% for the detection of GT governor parameter during abnormal behavior. As an implication, the developed model should be considered to apply in real-world grids for operation engineers to detect abnormal governor parameters in GT in the next stage. In turn, it assists in the restoration of GT to its operating condition and minimizes troubleshooting time.