bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Optimization for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil Based on the Yield, Carvacrol, and Thymol Contents
Authors: Lin Guodong , Cheng Feng , Aimila Aoken , Zhang Junping , Maiwulanjiang Maitinuer 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) is widely known for its good biological activity, but different extraction methods with significant implications on the yield of OEO and the content of the thymol and carvacrol. As an efficient method for extracting essential oils (EO), the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) can improve the yield of EOs while protecting their main active components from loss.

Objective
In this study, the process optimization of SC-CO2 of OEO was carried out. The effects of extraction pressure, temperature, time, and modifier concentration on the composite score of OEO extraction process were investigated.

Method
Response surface analysis was performed using a Box-Behnken design with three levels and four independent variables. Steam distillation (SD) and lipophilic solvents (n-hexane) extraction (LSE) were compared with SC-CO2 for OEO yields. OEOs extracted by the three methods were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.

Results
The results showed that extraction pressure was the most significant factor affecting the OEO yield, thymol, and carvacrol content. In the optimal conditions (pressure: 217 bar, temperature: 54°C, time: 2 h, modifier concentration: 14%), the yield of OEO reached up to 1.136%, and the contents of thymol and carvacrol reached 53.172  and 41.785 mg/g, respectively.

Conclusions
SC-CO2 was the best extraction method compared to the other two methods. Under the optimal conditions, yield and the content of main components can be effectively improved. It can provide a theoretical basis for the industrial extraction of OEO.

Highlights
Taking the comprehensive score as the index, the interaction between the four independent variables in the supercritical fluid extraction process was evaluated by the response surface method. The effects of extraction parameters on the yield of EOs and the contents of thymol and carvacrol were comprehensively investigated.
Self-Regulation as a Protective Factor for Diabetes Distress and Adherence in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Miller Alison L , Albright Dana , Bauer Katherine W , Riley Hurley O , Hilliard Marisa E , Sturza Julie , Kaciroti Niko , Lo Sharon L , Clark Katy M , Lee Joyce M , Fredericks Emily M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic increased economic, social, and health stressors for families, yet its impacts on families of youth with chronic conditions, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), are not well understood. Self-regulation (SR)—or the capacities to control emotions, cognition, and behavior in response to challenge—is known to support T1D management and coping in the face of stress. Strong SR may have protected youth with T1D from the impacts of pandemic-related stressors. This study compared youth and parent emotional functioning and T1D management before and after the pandemic’s onset in relation to family pandemic-related stress and youth SR.

Methods
Parents of youth with T1D (N = 88) and a subset of these youth (N = 43; Mean age 15.3 years [SD 2.2]) completed surveys regarding SR, stress, emotional functioning, and T1D-related functioning prior to and after March 2020. Outcomes were compared using mixed effects models adjusting for covariates. Family pandemic-related stress experiences and youth SR were tested as moderators of change.

Results
Parents’ responsibility for T1D management increased across pandemic onset and their diabetes-related distress decreased. Family pandemic-related stress was associated with decreased emotional functioning over time. Youth SR, particularly emotional and behavioral aspects, predicted better emotional and T1D-related functioning.

Discussion
While youth with T1D whose families experienced higher pandemic-related stress had poorer adjustment, strong emotional and behavioral SR appeared to protect against worsening youth mood and adherence across pandemic onset. Both social-contextual and individual factors are important to consider when working with families managing T1D.
Combining datasets for maize root seedling traits increases the power of GWAS and genomic prediction accuracies
Authors: Zuffo Leandro Tonello , DeLima Rodrigo Oliveira , Lübberstedt Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe identification of genomic regions associated with root traits and the genomic prediction of untested genotypes can increase the rate of genetic gain in maize breeding programs targeting roots traits. Here, we combined two maize association panels with different genetic backgrounds to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with root traits, and used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and to assess the potential of genomic prediction for these traits in maize. For this, we evaluated 377 lines from the Ames panel and 302 from the Backcrossed Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (BGEM) panel in a combined panel of 679 lines. The lines were genotyped with 232 460 SNPs, and four root traits were collected from 14-day-old seedlings. We identified 30 SNPs significantly associated with root traits in the combined panel, whereas only two and six SNPs were detected in the Ames and BGEM panels, respectively. Those 38 SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with 35 candidate genes. In addition, we found higher prediction accuracy in the combined panel than in the Ames or BGEM panel. We conclude that combining association panels appears to be a useful strategy to identify candidate genes associated with root traits in maize and improve the efficiency of genomic prediction.
Medical Students’ Professional Identity Formation During Operation Bushmaster
Authors: Cole Rebekah , Peters Sidney A , Garrigan Audra G , Tilley Laura , Conley Sean P , Schwartz James , Vojta Leslie , Rudinsky Sherri L 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The role of the military medical officer is complex, as it encapsulates officer, physician, and leader. Professional identity formation is therefore essential for military medical students and junior military physicians to successfully execute the responsibilities of the military medical officer in their future careers. Because little is known regarding best practices for professional identity formation training for military physicians, this study explored the ways in which medical students conceptualized the complex roles of the military medical officer during a medical field practicum.

Materials and Methods
Guided by the phenomenological tradition of qualitative research, we interviewed 15 fourth-year medical students twice regarding their understanding of the role of the military medical officer, as they progressed through a 5-day high-fidelity military medical field practicum, Operation Bushmaster. Our research team then analyzed the interview transcripts for emerging themes and patterns, which served as the results of this study.

Results
The following themes emerged from the data regarding the participants’ conceptualization of the military medical officer: (1) the scope of the role of the military medical officer; (2) the intersecting identities of the military medical officer; and (3) the adaptable role of the military medical officer in an operational environment. As they progressed through the medical field practicum, the participants articulated a clear understanding of the vast and complex nature of the military medical officer’s intersecting roles as officer, physician, and leader in austere and often unpredictable environments. At the end of the medical field practicum, the participants expressed confidence in carrying out their roles as military medical officers during their future deployments.

Conclusions
This study provided an in-depth understanding of the participants’ conceptualization of the military medical officer. The participants described how the medical field practicum provided them with opportunities to experience first-hand and therefore better understand the roles of the military medical officer while leading a health care team in an operational environment. As a result, high-fidelity medical field practicums like Operation Bushmaster appear to be an effective tool for facilitating professional identity formation.
Non-metabolic functions of phosphofructokinase-1 orchestrate tumor cellular invasion and genome maintenance under bevacizumab therapy
Authors: Lim Yi Chieh , Jensen Kamilla E , Aguilar-Morante Diana , Vardouli Lina , Vitting-Seerup Kristoffer , Gimple Ryan C , Wu Qiulian , Pedersen Henriette , Elbaek Kirstine J , Gromova Irina , Ihnatko Robert , Kristensen Bjarne W , Petersen Jeanette K , Skjoth-Rasmussen Jane , Flavahan William , Rich Jeremy N , Hamerlik Petra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal malignancy for which neoangiogenesis serves as a defining hallmark. The anti-VEGF antibody, bevacizumab, has been approved for the treatment of recurrent GBM, but resistance is universal.

Methods
We analyzed expression data of GBM patients treated with bevacizumab to discover potential resistance mechanisms. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and cultures were interrogated for effects of phosphofructokinase-1, muscle isoform (PFKM) loss on tumor cell motility, migration, and invasion through genetic and pharmacologic targeting.

Results
We identified PFKM as a driver of bevacizumab resistance. PFKM functions dichotomize based on subcellular location: cytosolic PFKM interacted with KIF11, a tubular motor protein, to promote tumor invasion, whereas nuclear PFKM safeguarded genomic stability of tumor cells through interaction with NBS1. Leveraging differential transcriptional profiling, bupivacaine phenocopied genetic targeting of PFKM, and enhanced efficacy of bevacizumab in preclinical GBM models in vivo.

Conclusion
PFKM drives novel molecular pathways in GBM, offering a translational path to a novel therapeutic paradigm.
Isolated severe rhabdomyolisis revealing COVID-19: case report
Authors: Merbouh M , El Aidouni G , Serbource J , Couprie L M , Bernardoni C , Housni B , Monchi M 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Covid-19 remains a multisystem viral-related disease surprising the healthcare teams. We report the case of a patient presenting with rhabdomyolysis in the context of COVID-19 disease.
A case of recurrent pneumothorax and skin lesions diagnosed with Birt–Hogg–Dubé
Authors: Takaldani Ali Hossein Samadi , Negaresh Mohammad , Jalalzadeh Solmaz , Lotfi Leila , Ghobadi Hassan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Birt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease that is manifested as benign cutaneous tumors, multiple lung parenchymal cysts and an increased risk of renal cancer. Its symptoms usually do not appear until adulthood. We report a patient who was admitted with recurrent pneumothorax. Discovering typical cutaneous lesions accompanied with a history of the same condition in his son, BHD syndrome was diagnosed.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Younger than 6 Months Old: Neutropenia is More Common Not Lymphopenia
Authors: Guner Ozenen Gizem , Sahbudak Bal Zumrut , Bilen Nimet Melis , Yildirim Arslan Sema , Ak Gunes , Koc Gonca , Cicek Candan , Kurugol Zafer , Ozkinay Ferda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies on age-related differences in clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are limited. We aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children younger than 6 months old and compare them with older children.

Methods
A single-center retrospective study, including 209 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, was conducted between 11 March 2020 and 1 September 2021. The case group consisted of 47 patients younger than 6 months old, whereas the control group consisted of 162 patients older than 6 months old.

Results
The mean age of the case group was 2.77 ± 1.52 months, and the control group was 101.89 ± 65.77 months. Cough was statistically higher in the control group, and poor feeding was higher in the case group (p = 0.043, 0.010). The underlying disease rate was statistically higher in the control group; however, the hospitalization rate was higher in the case group (p = 0.036, 0.001). The case group had significantly lower median values of the absolute neutrophil count, hemoglobin and higher median values of white blood cell, absolute lymphocyte count and platelet than the control group (p &lt; 0.05). C-reactive protein, fibrinogen values were significantly lower, and procalcitonin, D-dimer, troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide significantly higher in the case group (p &lt; 0.05). Lymphopenia was more common in the control group, whereas neutropenia was more common in the case group (p = 0.001, 0.011).

Conclusions
We showed that most children younger than 6 months old had mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the hospitalization rate was higher, and neutropenia was more common in older children.
Lay summary
Studies on age-related differences in clinical and laboratory features on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in pediatric patients are limited. We aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical and laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children younger than 6 months old and compare them with older children. A single-center retrospective study was conducted, including 209 SARS-CoV-2 infection cases. The case group consisted of 47 patients younger than 6 months old, and the control group consisted of 162 patients older than 6 months old. Most children younger than 6 months old had mild and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, the hospitalization rate was higher than older children. Neutropenia was more common in patients younger than 6 months than older children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, even if underlying diseases were excluded.
The COVID-19 experience
Authors: Malaska Mary , Cluck Alana , Porter Mckinzey , Mahaffey Carlos , Han Ho , Clement Deja 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore the psychological factors that impacted RNs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Survey response data were collected from 151 respondents across 25 states and various healthcare system settings.

Results:
RNs in clinical settings had slightly more emotional stress than those in academia. Concerns ranged from personal health and family considerations to large-scale sociopolitical issues.

Conclusions:
RNs in all settings experienced at least some emotional stress during the early stages of the pandemic. However, in a majority of respondents, none of the stressors individually or in combination were so great as to encourage departure from the profession.
Probiotics in Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sharif Sameer , Greer Alisha , Skorupski Clarissa , Hao Qiukui , Johnstone Jennie , Dionne Joanna C. , Lau Vincent , Manzanares William , Eltorki Mohamed , Duan Erick , Lauzier Francois , Marshall John C. , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Thabane Lehana , Cook Deborah J. , Rochwerg Bram 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the safety and efficacy of probiotics or synbiotics on morbidity and mortality in critically ill adults and children.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and unpublished sources from inception to May 4, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION:
We performed a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared enteral probiotics or synbiotics to placebo or no treatment in critically ill patients. We screened studies independently and in duplicate.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Independent reviewers extracted data in duplicate. A random-effects model was used to pool data. We assessed the overall certainty of evidence for each outcome using the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Sixty-five RCTs enrolled 8,483 patients. Probiotics may reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (relative risk [RR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89 and risk difference [RD], 6.9% reduction; 95% CI, 2.7–10.2% fewer; low certainty), healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP) (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55–0.89; RD, 5.5% reduction; 95% CI, 8.2–2.0% fewer; low certainty), ICU length of stay (LOS) (mean difference [MD], 1.38 days fewer; 95% CI, 0.57–2.19 d fewer; low certainty), hospital LOS (MD, 2.21 d fewer; 95% CI, 1.18–3.24 d fewer; low certainty), and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (MD, 2.53 d fewer; 95% CI, 1.31–3.74 d fewer; low certainty). Probiotics probably have no effect on mortality (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.87–1.04 and RD, 1.1% reduction; 95% CI, 2.8% reduction to 0.8% increase; moderate certainty). Post hoc sensitivity analyses without high risk of bias studies negated the effect of probiotics on VAP, HAP, and hospital LOS.

CONCLUSIONS:
Low certainty RCT evidence suggests that probiotics or synbiotics during critical illness may reduce VAP, HAP, ICU and hospital LOS but probably have no effect on mortality.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Capstone Core Competency Scale on Nursing Students in Taiwan
Authors: TSENG Hui-Chen , KO Hsun-Kuei , WANG Hsiu-Hung , WANG Ruey-Hsia , WU Li-Min 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Previous studies have evaluated the competency of newly graduated nurses and nurses. However, most of the instruments used include a large number of items that make completing them a time-consuming process. A brief instrument may be more acceptable and feasible for use in these evaluations.

Purpose
This study was designed to develop the brief capstone core competency (CCC or 3C) scale and validate its effectiveness in evaluating the academic and practical performance of nursing students enrolled in a bachelor's degree program.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. The 3C scale was developed in two phases. In Phase I, the items were summed from literature reviews, an expert panel, known-groups validity, test–retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. In Phase II, the efficacy of the instrument was confirmed using confirmative factor analysis. Five hundred ninety-six participants participated in the first phase, and 520 participants participated in the second phase. The study period was 2016–2017.

Results
The 3C scale includes 24 items distinguished into a three-component structure that accounts for 67.85% of the total variance. The three components include nursing intelligence, nursing humanity, and nursing career. The 3C scale was found to have high levels of internal consistency reliability (.97) and test–retest stability reliability (r = .97). A significant statistical difference in the performance level was examined between senior and junior nursing students. The hypothesized three-factor model fit index showed χ2/df = 1338.25/249, p < .001, goodness-of-fit index = .82, comparative fit index = .90, root mean square error of approximation = .09, and standardized root mean square residual = .06. The participants were found to have excellent nursing humanity competency.

Conclusions
The developed 3C scale exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity for use with nursing students. The 3C scale may be used to evaluate the performance of nursing students during their learning process, and the results may be used to evaluate changes in educational outcomes.
Necrosis on pre-radiotherapy 18F-FDG PET/CT is a predictor for complete metabolic response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Eren Gülnihan , Kupik Osman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To investigate necrosis on pre-radiotherapy (RT) 18F-FDG PET/CT (PETNECROSİS) as a predictor of complete metabolic response (CMR) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
We evaluated patients with inoperable stage I–III NSCLC who underwent pre- and post-radiotherapy 18F-FDG PET/CT. The relationship between CMR and PETNECROSIS, SUVmax, gross tumor volume calculated with 18F-FDG PET/CT (GTVPET-CT), tumor size, histology, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and RT dose was assessed using logistic regression analysis. To evaluate necrosis on 18F FDG PET/CT, we drew a region of interest (ROI) in the area showing visually very low/or no fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on PET images. If the SUVmax was lower than the blood pool SUVmax and showed significantly lower attenuation (10–30 Hounsfield units [HU]) from the surrounding tissue on non-intravenous contrast-enhanced low-dose correlative CT, we defined it as necrotic (PETNECROSİS).
Fifty-three patients were included in this study. The mean age was 68.1 ± 9.8 years. Twenty-one patients had adenocarcinoma, and 32 had squamous cell carcinoma. All parameters were independent of histologic status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SUVmax ≤11.6 vs >11.6, (P = .003; OR, 7.670, 95CI%: 2.013–29.231) and PETNECROSİS absence/presence were independent predictors for CMR (P = .028, OR: 6.704, 95CI% 1.214–30.394).
The necrosis on 18F FDG PET/CT and SUVmax > 11.6 could be an imaging marker for the complete metabolic response after definitive chemoradiotherapy or definitive RT alone in patients with NSCLC.
Lymphoepithelial cyst in the palatine tonsil
Authors: Moon Jae Yeon , Kim Namkyun , Jeong Ji Yun , Kim Jung Soo , Heo Sung Jae 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Lymphoepithelial cyst of the oral cavity is very rare. Most intraoral lymphoepithelial cysts are observed in the floor of the mouth and very few cases have been reported of its occurrence in the palatine tonsil.

Patient concerns:
A 37-year-old healthy woman with no remarkable medical history visited our department with a complaint of frequent tonsillitis.

Interventions:
On endoscopic examination, yellowish mass was observed in the palatine tonsil and removed via an intraoral approach. The mass was completely removed with the left palatine tonsil.

Diagnoses & Outcomes:
Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining confirmed a Lymphoepithelial cyst.

Lessons:
Lymphepithelial cysts of the palatine tonsils are extremely rare and are easily overlooked because there are few reported cases. Therefore, care must be taken when examining the tonsil mass.
Precise extraction of impacted supernumerary tooth in the maxillary anterior region with a digital guide plate
Authors: Zhu Fangyong , Hou Deqiang , Zhou Chen , Chen Zhifei , Cao Yannan , Ji Lian , Zou Jianming , Xu Yanhua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Removal of impacted supernumerary teeth requires precision and accuracy to prevent iatrogenic injury to important anatomical structures during dental surgery and to improve postoperative healing.

Patient concerns:
A 12-year-old girl visited our department for the assessment and management of her deviated front teeth.

Diagnosis:
Impacted supernumerary tooth extraction in the maxillary anterior region.

Interventions:
The digital guide plate was fabricated after the integration of cone beam computed tomography data with that obtained from scanning the patient's dental model. Impacted supernumerary tooth extraction was performed.

Outcomes:
The use of the digital guide plate and planting instruments made the removal of the impacted supernumerary tooth less invasive, faster, and more accurate, whereas the wound was smaller, and the patient experience more comfortable.

Lessons:
Combining the digital guide plate with planting instruments offers a useful aid for the removal of impacted supernumerary teeth among the maxillary anterior region and is, thus, worth promoting.