bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrative View of Teams: Team Feedback Dashboards
Authors: Kilicay-Ergin Nil , Mateti Namratha Sri , Chakrapani Sri Harsha , Henderson Daniel , Mitchell John , Sonalkar Neeraj , Jablokow Kathryn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this research-to-practice paper, we present parts of a visual team feedback dashboard generated for 12 industry engineering design teams from various technical fields. All teams were asked to generate conceptual prototypes in response to the same design prompt. Multiple streams of data were collected and analyzed to create feedback dashboards for these engineering design teams. The feedback dashboard aims to capture an integrative view of teams by providing feedback on three levels, including design outcome level, team level, and personal level. The study results have implications for educators, practitioners, and team leaders in terms of stimulating discussion among team members, reinforcing future team behavior, and extracting strategies to improve future team performance, ultimately leading towards more engaged teams and a more highly skilled workforce.
Photometric Stereo Enhanced Light Sectioning Measurement for Microtexture Road Profiling
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Smith Kallia , Furukawa Tomonari 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Existing light sectioning (LS) measurement systems are incapable of microtexture road profiling in 10 μm precision though it is needed for the analysis. This paper presents LS measurement enhanced by photometric stereo (PS) for the microtexture road profiling. Since the existing LS measurement systems, traditionally using an industrial CCD camera, suffer from the lack of not only the measurement resolution but also the camera resolution, the proposed LS measurement improves both the resolutions by implementing the PS appropriately: a DSLR camera with a macro lens is used for improving the camera resolution while the PS itself improves the measurement resolution. The surface normals derived from the PS are then incorporated through the Poisson’s integration to allow high-resolution LS measurement. The parametric study first validates the efficacy of the proposed measurement over the conventional LS measurement. Measurements on the actual road have then demonstrated the applicability of the proposed measurement to microtexture road profiling.
Experimental Characterization and Modeling of a Unit Soft Air Bladder
Authors: Edward Sandra , Mansouri Mahshid , Hsiao-Wecksler Elizabeth T. , Krishnan Girish 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand the behavior of a single soft air bladder constructed from nylon-coated thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using a CNC heat-sealing device. More specifically, the aim was to examine how load-bearing ability and internal pressures of the bladder can vary as a function of applied compressive displacement and initial inflation pressure. Additionally, the study explored how various parameters such as geometry (size, shape) and fabrication method (3-sided vs. 4-sided seal, and location of the air fitting on the bladder) would affect the ability to withstand large external loads and internal pressures. A series of force-displacement compressive experiments using an Instron machine suggest that larger initial inflation pressures can withstand larger forces and induce larger internal pressures. Additionally, the bladder’s size and shape affect its behavior. Circular bladders of the same characteristic dimension can withstand smaller forces and internal pressures when compared to square bladders. Furthermore, smaller-sized bladders can withstand smaller forces and internal pressures as compared to large bladders. A simple analytical model for circular bladders was also developed to predict bladder inflation height as a function of the initial inflation pressure and the externally applied load. The model was validated against the experimental results. Based on these results, a set of design guidelines are proposed that help engineers design bladder actuators for various soft-robotics applications to meet the application requirements.
Modelling, Characterization and Testing of an Ocean Wave Powered Desalination System
Authors: Mi Jia , Wu Xian , Capper Joseph , Li Xiaofan , Shalaby Ahmed , Chung Uihoon , Datla Raju , Hajj Muhammad , Zuo Lei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Development of alternative freshwater via desalination can address water scarcity and security. Meanwhile, sustainable renewable energy sources are critical to economically achieve seawater desalination. Marine renewable energy has tremendous potential to power the blue economy and is co-located with seawater. This study proposes an ocean wave powered reverse osmosis desalination system, which consists of an oscillating surge wave energy converter with a piston pump and a reverse osmosis desalination module with an accumulator on the shore. Seawater can be pressurized by the oscillating surge wave energy converter and pumped to the reverse osmosis desalination module as feed where it then produces permeate that is free of undesired molecules and larger particles. Numerical models considering potential flow theory of the wave energy converter and solution-diffusion theory of the reverse osmosis membrane were established. A 1:10 scaled prototype was designed, fabricated and tested in a wave tank based on the Froude scaling law. Comprehensive wave tank tests were implemented, characterized, and analyzed considering the water-energy nexus. Scaled tests resulted in the minimal specific energy consumption of 0.44 kWh/m3 under regular wave (wave period Ts = 4s /wave height Hs = 10 cm) with the corresponding optimal recovery ratio of 32%.
Embedded Linear-Motion Developable Mechanisms on Cylindrical Developable Surfaces
Authors: Sheffield Jacob L. , Sargent Brandon , Howell Larry L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work introduces methods of developing embedded straight-line and linear-motion mechanisms on right circular cylinders. Developable surfaces, particularly right circular cylinders, are the manufactured embodiment of many products. Functional linkages are traditionally not geometrically constrained to a body and often dictate the final shape of the housing they reside in. This work explores the idea of mapping straight-line and linear-motion mechanisms onto cylinders for practical design purposes. Potential applications of embedded cylindrical developable mechanism capable of deployment and generation of linear motion would be useful are discussed. A design guideline is provided outlining the utility of using various linkages to complement a particular engineering design criteria.
Utilizing Bayesian Inference to Optimization Manufacturing Facility Configuration and Task Sequencing in Product Remanufacturing
Authors: Olajoyegbe Toluwalase O. , Morkos Beshoy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The landscape of production has evolved drastically from its nascency. The emergence of diverse demand, globalization, environmental and alternative aspects of the global economy, constitutes greater complexity in manufacturing. The need for companies to stay competitive warrant robust business models and systems capable of accommodating uncertainty in markets. Increased attention to sustainability in manufacturing is promoting remanufacturing directives poised to extend product service life which could present uncertainty in supply. This paper proposes a framework/modeling approach to equip manufacturing systems to respond to uncertainty in market demand and supply, with motivation nested in remanufacturing techniques that mitigate compromise in stakeholder requirements whilst accommodating more sustainable practice. The proposed production model implements Bayesian inferential methods to enable data driven capability in the model accounting for uncertainty, heuristics methods in the form of genetic algorithms for adaptability to system deliverables, and discrete modeling approaches to simulate shop floor behaviour through the generation of sample paths. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of contemporary manufacturing in industry and research pertinent to sustainability, intended to present the reader with a clearer view of the landscape and where the research lays. This paper has been written as a precursor to ongoing development of the model presenting current results.
Integration of EMG-Based Learning and Sliding Mode Control for an Exoskeleton Assist-as-Needed Support System
Authors: Delgado Pablo , Gonzalez Nathan , Yihun Yimesker 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, an electromyography (EMG) signal-based learning is integrated with a Sliding-Mode Control (SMC) law for an effective human-exoskeleton synergy. A modified Recursive Newton-Euler Algorithm (RNEA) with SMC was used to determine and control the inverse dynamics of a highly nonlinear 4 degree-of-freedom exoskeleton designed for the automation of upper-limp therapeutic exercises. The exoskeleton position and velocity, along with the raw EMG signal from the bicep Brachii muscle were used as a feedback. The root mean square (RMS) values of targeted muscles EMG are tracked in a predetermined time window to quantify an adaptive threshold value and control the torque at the exoskeleton joints accordingly. Simulations of the proposed robust control law have been done in MATLAB-Simulink. Results have shown that the designed hybrid Control strategy offers the ability to adjust the needed support instantly based on the amount of muscle engagement presented in the combined motion of the human-exoskeleton system while maintaining the state trajectory errors and input torque bounded to ±7 × 10−3 rads and ±5 N.m, respectively.
Role of Representation in Subsystem Clustering: Effects of Distance Between Elements
Authors: Patel Apurva , Murphy Alexander R. , Summers Joshua D. , Sen Chiradeep 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Engineering systems are often represented in terms of their function or the constituent components. Several representation styles and modalities have been proposed and used in the engineering design literature. This study investigates the effects of three different system representation styles on system understanding. Component graph, function graph, and function structure are compared in term of subsystem clustering. A mixed replication experiment is conducted where undergraduate student participants are asked to group or cluster system elements into subsystems. Data collected is analyzed in terms of distances between elements and occurrence of element pairs in the same parent cluster. Distances are measured in terms of connectivity, physical distance, and semantic distance. Results show that participants tend to cluster elements together when they are separated by smaller distances. Connective and physical distances show clear trends with pair occurrence, whereas trends with semantic distance are unclear. Correlations between physical distance and pair occurrence point to differences between the representation styles. Alternatively, deviations from the general trends indicate that strength of influence for each of the distance measures may be contextually dependent. Findings suggest that visual layout of system elements affects system understanding, and we should be cognizant of the implicit information that we may be communicating by our choice of layout. Finally, limitations of the research are discussed, and future work is identified.
Ocean Wave Energy Conversion of a Spar Platform Using a Nonlinear Inerter Pendulum Vibration Absorber
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Tai Wei-Che 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A nonlinear inerter pendulum vibration absorber is integrated with an electromagnetic power take-off system (called IPVA-PTO) and is analyzed for its efficacy in ocean wave energy conversion of a spar platform. The IPVA-PTO system shows a nonlinear energy transfer phenomenon between the spar and the IPVA-PTO which can be used to convert the vibration energy of the spar into electricity while reducing the hydrodynamic response of the spar. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the spar are computed using a commercial boundary-element-method (BEM) code. It is shown that the energy transfer is associated with 1:2 internal resonance of the pendulum vibration absorber, which is induced by a period-doubling bifurcation. The period-doubling bifurcation is studied using the harmonic balance method. A modified alternating frequency/time (AFT) approach is developed to compute the Jacobian matrix involving nonlinear inertial effects of the IPVA-PTO system. It is shown that the period-doubling bifurcation leads to 1:2 internal resonance and plays a major role in the energy transfer between the spar and the pendulum. The response amplitude operator (RAO) in heave and the capture width of the IPVA-PTO-integrated spar are compared with its linear counterpart and it is shown that the IPVA-PTO system outperforms the linear energy harvester as the former has a lower RAO and higher capture width.
Influence of Manufacturing Process Parameters on GRCop-42 Produced by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Herrick Joshua , Younglove Andrew , Sharp Chris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper looks to explore how variances in printing process parameters affect the density, porosity, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured GRCop-42, ultimately providing additional testing for this novel material. Since increased porosity can be correlated to decreased part performance, it is imperative that additive manufacturing companies understand what combination of printing parameters in the Selective Laser Melting process result in near fully dense parts. GRCop-42 presents an opportunity for the aerospace industry to make significant advancement in liquid rocket engine design. Currently there have been few studies published concerning additively manufactured GRCop-42 outside of NASA, making additional testing on vendor specific processes paramount. The GRCop-42 specimens tested in this paper were provided by i3D-MFG, a metal additive manufacturing company based in Redmond Oregon. As to not compromise their specific testing parameter sets the specimens have been codified. From the testing conducted on additive manufactured GRCop-42 for this paper, it was shown that variances in printing process parameters had significant effects on the porosity, and consequently the mechanical properties. With the addition of post processes such as Hot Isostatic Pressing, near fully dense parts were achieved. The intention of this publication is to provide an initial understanding of this new material in an effort to support its broader use in academia and industry.
Characterization of Nonlinear Kirigami Springs Through Transient Response
Authors: Danzi Francesco , Jenkins Joshua , Tao Hongcheng , Gibert James M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Kirigami is defined as the ancient Japanese art of cutting and folding paper to create three-dimensional structures, which is a subset of the larger term. Recent developments in kirigami-based structures have sparked interest in the engineering community for the development of mechanical metastructures with customized behavior such as negative Poisson’s ratio, out-of-plane buckling, and soft robot locomotion. In this manuscript, nonlinear springs based on kirigami are developed; the springs can be used to create customized nonlinear oscillators and vibration suppression systems. A Helmholtz-Duffing oscillator with nonlinear damping is created by attaching a mass to a smooth track with the kirigami springs attached to it.
Kirigami springs were made by strategically cutting plastic sheets in predetermined patterns and arranging them in a ring. Identification of the unknown system parameters is accomplished through the use of a two-step procedure. To determine the quasi-static behavior of the spring, it was first subjected to tensile testing. These parameters serve as the foundation for developing a strategy for determining the unknown energy loss parameters in a system. In the second step, the Method of Multiple Scales is used to develop an approximate solution for the transient response, which is then tested. This solution is coupled with an optimization routine that, by modifying the unknown model parameters, seeks to reduce the error between the experimental free oscillations and the developed analytical solution as closely as possible.
Swallowing outcomes in dysphagia interventions in Parkinson’s disease: a scoping review
Authors: Hirschwald Julia , Hofacker Jule , Duncan Sallyanne , Walshe Margaret 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo identify all outcomes, their definitions, outcome measurement instruments (OMIs), timepoints and frequency of measurement applied in clinical trials in oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) interventions in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This scoping review is the first stage of a larger project establishing a core outcome set for dysphagia interventions in Parkinson’s disease (COS-DIP).DesignScoping review.MethodsSix electronic databases and one trial registry were searched without language restrictions until March 2022. Bibliography lists of included studies were also reviewed. Study screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers using Covidence. The scoping review protocol is registered and published (http://hdl.handle.net/2262/97652).Results19 studies with 134 outcomes were included. Trial outcomes were mapped to a recommended taxonomy for COSs and merged. 39 outcomes were identified. The most frequently measured were general swallowing-related outcomes, global quality-of-life outcomes and swallowing-related perceived health status outcomes. The applied outcomes, their definitions, OMIs, timepoints and frequency of measurement showed a high variability across all studies.ConclusionsThe high variability of outcomes emphasises the need for an agreed standardised COS. This will inform clinical trial design in OD in PD, increase the quality of OD trials in PD and facilitate synthesising and comparing study results to reach conclusion on the safety and effectiveness of OD interventions in PD. It will not prevent or restrict researchers from examining other outcomes.Trial registration numberThe COS-DIP study, including the scoping review, was registered prospectively with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Database on 24 September 2021 (www.comet-initiative.org, registration number: 1942).
Constraining axion-like particles with the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory
Authors: Mastrototaro Leonardo , Carenza Pierluca , Chianese Marco , Fiorillo Damiano F. G. , Miele Gennaro , Mirizzi Alessandro , Montanino Daniele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe detection of very high-energy neutrinos by IceCube experiment supports the existence of a comparable gamma-ray counterpart from the same cosmic accelerators. Under the likely assumption that the sources of these particles are of extragalactic origin, the emitted photon flux would be significantly absorbed during its propagation over cosmic distances. However, in the presence of photon mixing with ultra-light axion-like-particles (ALPs), this expectation would be strongly modified. Notably, photon-ALP conversions in the host galaxy would produce an ALP flux which propagates unimpeded in the extragalactic space. Then, the back-conversion of ALPs in the Galactic magnetic field leads to a diffuse high-energy photon flux. In this context, the recent detection of the diffuse high-energy photon flux by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) allows us to exclude at the$$95\%$$95%CL an ALP-photon coupling$$g_{a\gamma } > rsim 3.9$$gaγ≳3.9–$$7.8 \times 10^{-11}~\mathrm {GeV^{-1}}$$7.8×10-11GeV-1for$$m_{a}\lesssim 4\times 10^{-7}~\textrm{eV}$$ma≲4×10-7eV, depending on the assumptions on the magnetic fields and on the original gamma-ray spectrum. This new bound is complementary with other ALP constraints from very-high-energy gamma-ray experiments and sensitivities of future experiments.
Fundamental photon orbits in the double Schwarzschild space-time
Authors: Fan Zeyu , Teo Edward 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider photon orbits in the space-time consisting of two identical Schwarzschild black holes in static equilibrium. In particular, we focus on fundamental photon orbits – bound photon orbits that do not fall into either black hole or go to infinity. It is known that there could exist up to two circular photon orbits lying in the plane of symmetry between the black holes. In this paper, we present more examples of fundamental photon orbits in this space-time. This includes non-circular orbits lying in the plane of symmetry, circular orbits that lie off the plane of symmetry, polar orbits, and non-planar orbits that orbit around one or both of the black holes. These orbits are all unstable. Finally, in an appendix, we present a class of circular time-like orbits that lie off the plane of symmetry.
Power Maxwell nonlinear electrodynamics and the singularity of the electric field
Authors: Mazharimousavi S. Habib 
Published: November 2022

Power Maxwell nonlinear electrodynamics has become one of the well-known nonlinear models. Initially, it was proposed to make Maxwell’s theory conformally invariant in higher dimensions. Therefore, it was not expected from the model to remove the electric field’s singularity at the point charges’ location. Such singularity removal was the core of the very early model known as the Born–Infeld model. In the literature, this point has been highlighted very recently in [B. E. Panah, EPL 134, 20005 (2021)] where a variable power Maxwell model has been introduced to remove the field’s singularity. Here, in this short study, we shed more light on the issue by giving a physically acceptable mechanism for removing the singularity of the point charge at its location by applying the power Maxwell’s nonlinear electrodynamics.
Maximal commutative subalgebras of Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Bajor Grzegorz , Cichocka Anna , Wyk Leon van , Ziembowski Michał 
Published: November 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a field, and let [Formula: see text] be a row-finite (directed) graph. We present a construction of a wealth of maximal commutative subalgebras of the Leavitt path algebra [Formula: see text], which is a far-reaching generalization of the construction of the commutative core as a maximal commutative subalgebra of [Formula: see text].
Revisiting Group Fairness Metrics: The Effect of Networks
Authors: Mehrotra Anay , Sachs Jeff , Celis L. Elisa 
Published: November 2022

An increasing amount of work studies fairness in socio-technical settings from a computational perspective. This work has introduced a variety of metrics to measure fairness in different settings. Most of these metrics, however, do not account for the interactions between individuals or evaluate any underlying network's effect on the outcomes measured. While a wide body of work studies the organization of individuals into a network structure and how individuals access resources in networks, the impact of network structure on fairness has been largely unexplored.
We introduce templates for group fairness metrics that account for network structure. More specifically, we present two types of group fairness metrics that measure distinct yet complementary forms of bias in networks. The first type of metric evaluates how access to others in the network is distributed across groups. The second type of metric evaluates how groups distribute their interactions across other groups, and hence captures inter-group biases. We find that ignoring the network can lead to spurious fairness evaluations by either not capturing imbalances in influence and reach illuminated by the first type of metric, or by overlooking interaction biases as evaluated by the second type of metric. Our empirical study illustrates these pronounced differences between network and non-network evaluations of fairness.