bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulating psychosis: a thematic analysis of CBTp trainees’ experiences
Authors: Newman-Taylor Katherine , Wood Rachael , Ellis Abigail , Isham Louise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe NICE guidance states that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) should now be offered to everyone with psychosis in the UK. This has rightly resulted in an increased demand for adherent therapy from qualified clinicians. Individualised formulation is a key component of CBT for psychosis, yet many trainees struggle to make sense of and apply the theoretical models on which these are based. This study explored trainee and recently qualified therapists’ experience of formulating CBT for psychosis, to help us understand how best to guide training and clinical practice. We ran focus groups with trainees who were completing, or had recently completed, postgraduate training in CBT for psychosis. We then analysed verbatim transcripts of the semi-structured interviews. and completed a thematic analysis of the data using inductive open coding. Three over-arching themes were generated: (1) purpose of formulation, (2) formulation in practice, and (3) (reflection on) learning to formulate. Training programmes and clinical supervisors should focus on fostering trainees’ and newly qualified therapists’ ability to develop simple, targeted formulations. These will draw on maintenance and developmental models of psychosis, depending on the person’s needs and goals. Opportunities for procedural learning are likely to improve skilful formulation, and use as the basis for therapeutic change.Key learning aims(1)CBT for psychosis is best guided by individualised formulation.(2)The range and complexity of current theoretical models is challenging.(3)A qualitative analysis of trainee and recently qualified therapists’ experiences highlights means of facilitating understanding and application of these models.
Cenozoic Proxy Constraints on Earth System Sensitivity to Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Ring S. J. , Mutz S. G. , Ehlers T. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe long‐term extent of the Earth system response to anthropogenic interference remains uncertain. However, the geologic record offers insights into this problem as Earth has previously cycled between warm and cold intervals during the Phanerozoic. We present an updated compilation of surface temperature proxies for several key time intervals to reconstruct global temperature changes during the Cenozoic. Our data synthesis indicates that Earth’s surface slowly cooled by ca. 9°C during the early Paleogene to late Neogene and that continent‐scale ice sheets developed after global temperature dropped to less than 10°C above preindustrial conditions. Slow cooling contrasts with the steep decrease in combined radiative forcing from past CO2 concentrations, solar luminosity, and ocean area, which was close to preindustrial levels even as Earth remained in a much warmer state. From this, we infer that the Earth system was less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing for most of the Cenozoic and that sensitivity must have increased by at least a factor of 2 during the Plio‐Pleistocene. Our results imply that slow feedbacks will raise global surface temperatures by more than 3°C in the coming millennia, even if anthropogenic forcing is stabilized at the present‐day value (2 W/m2), and that their impact will diminish with further warming.
Heterogeneous Fossil Réunion Plume Component in the Source Region of Enriched MORB Along the Central Indian Ridge Between 12° and 17°S
Authors: Vincent Clément , Park Jung‐Woo , Lee Sang‐Mook , Kim Jonguk , Lee Mi‐Jung , Révillon Sidonie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMid‐ocean ridge basalts (MORB) from the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) between 12° and 17°S show a wide range of geochemical and isotopic variations. Particularly, MORB from a segment between 14° and 15°S are more enriched in incompatible trace elements with more radiogenic Sr and Pb isotope and unradiogenic Nd isotope values than the lavas between 15° and 16°S with geochemical features of normal MORB. However, the causes for the enrichment between 14° and 15°S are poorly constrained. In this study, we re‐examined the CIR MORB from 12° to 17°S with new geochemical data obtained based on high spatial resolution sampling to better understand the nature of the enriched mantle source. Our new geochemical data show that the MORB between 14° and 15°S, with maximum values for (La/Sm)N = 1.95, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.703526 and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.7558, are more enriched than those from the southern segments (16° to 20°S) known to be influenced by the Réunion mantle component. The new trace element and isotopic compositions of MORB suggest that three mantle end‐members are required to explain the geochemical variations shown between 14° and 16°S: the depleted Indian‐type MORB mantle, Réunion Plume (RP), and Seychelles/Madagascar‐like continental crust components. Moreover, our mixing model suggests that the differences in enriched MORB signature from 14° to 20°S are due to variable proportions of continental material previously mixed with the RP. Our study implies that a continental component interacted with the plume into the asthenosphere, possibly beneath Madagascar or below Mauritius Island and the Mascarene plateau.
Drivers of Decadal Carbon Fluxes Across Temperate Ecosystems
Authors: Desai Ankur R. , Murphy Bailey A. , Wiesner Susanne , Thom Jonathan , Butterworth Brian J. , Koupaei‐Abyazani Nikaan , Muttaqin Andi , Paleri Sreenath , Talib Ammara , Turner Jess , Mineau James , Merrelli Aronne , Stoy Paul , Davis Ken 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong‐running eddy covariance flux towers provide insights into how the terrestrial carbon cycle operates over multiple timescales. Here, we evaluated variation in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) across the Chequamegon Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study AmeriFlux core site cluster in the upper Great Lakes region of the USA from 1997 to 2020. The tower network included two mature hardwood forests with differing management regimes (US‐WCr and US‐Syv), two fen wetlands with varying levels of canopy sheltering and vegetation (US‐Los and US‐ALQ), and a very tall (400 m) landscape‐level tower (US‐PFa). Together, they provided over 70 site‐years of observations. The 19‐tower Chequamegon Heterogenous Ecosystem Energy‐balance Study Enabled by a High‐density Extensive Array of Detectors 2019 campaign centered around US‐PFa provided additional information on the spatial variation of NEE. Decadal variability was present in all long‐term sites, but cross‐site coherence in interannual NEE in the earlier part of the record became weaker with time as non‐climatic factors such as local disturbances likely dominated flux time series. Average decadal NEE at the tall tower transitioned from carbon source to sink to near neutral over 24 years. Respiration had a greater effect than photosynthesis on driving variations in NEE at all sites. Declining snowfall offset potential increases in assimilation from warmer springs, as less‐insulated soils delayed start of spring green‐up. Higher CO2 increased maximum net assimilation parameters but not total gross primary productivity. Stand‐scale sites were larger net sinks than the landscape tower. Clustered, long‐term carbon flux observations provide value for understanding the diverse links between carbon and climate and the challenges of upscaling these responses across space.
Differences in Traumatic Stress Among Youth With and Without Chronic Medical Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Paternostro Jennifer K. , Kakolu Anusha , Boyd Willard , Conrad Amy L. , Wilgenbusch Tammy 
Published: December 2022

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is the deadliest pandemic in American history. This study aims to assess the differences in youth reported traumatic stress among those with and without chronic illness, and how those reports are impacted by parental level of concern regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using convenience sampling, parents and their children completed a series of questionnaires focused on demographic information including questions about medical conditions, parental level of concern about COVID-19, and youth-report of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results: Results of the anonymous survey ( n = 164) found that parental reported level of concern of COVID-19 significantly predicted youth report of posttraumatic stress symptoms ( F(4, 159) = 2.607, p = .038). There was no significant difference in youth-report of posttraumatic stress symptoms between youth with and without chronic medical conditions ( F(1, 162) = .438, p = .509). Conclusions: Children often look to their parents for guidance during stressful life events, as confirmed by our findings. Parental emotional and behavioral responses may influence how youth make sense of highly stressful events and should be considered when determining intervention strategies in the COVID-19 era. Implications for Impact Statement This study found that youth with and without chronic health conditions did not differ in their report of posttraumatic stress 6 months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, youth report of traumatic stress symptoms was predicted by their parents’ level of concern regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their families, suggesting the need for targeted parent-based intervention. Clinical interventions to prevent chronic posttraumatic stress responses in youth regardless of medical comorbidity are discussed.
A novel SLC5A2 heterozygous variant in a family with familial renal glucosuria
Authors: Hatano Maho , Udagawa Tomohiro , Kanamori Toru , Sutani Akito , Mori Takayasu , Sohara Eisei , Uchida Shinichi , Morio Tomohiro , Nishioka Masato 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFamilial renal glucosuria (FRG) is characterized by persistent glucosuria despite normal blood glucose levels in the absence of overt tubular dysfunction. SGLT2 is a sodium-glucose cotransporter expressed in the proximal tubule; loss-of-function variants in SLC5A2 are the primary cause of FRG. Heterozygous variants have rarely been reported in Japanese individuals. Here, we identified a novel SLC5A2 heterozygous variant, c.1348G>T: p.Gly450Trp, in a Japanese family comprising two children and their father.
Host-dependent resistance of Group A Streptococcus to sulfamethoxazole mediated by a horizontally-acquired reduced folate transporter
Authors: Rodrigo M. Kalindu D. , Saiganesh Aarti , Hayes Andrew J. , Wilson Alisha M. , Anstey Jack , Pickering Janessa L. , Iwasaki Jua , Hillas Jessica , Winslow Scott , Woodman Tabitha , Nitschke Philipp , Lacey Jake A. , Breese Karen J. , van der Linden Mark P. G. , Giffard Philip M. , Tong Steven Y. C. , Gray Nicola , Stubbs Keith A. , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Bowen Asha C. , Davies Mark R. , Barnett Timothy C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDescribed antimicrobial resistance mechanisms enable bacteria to avoid the direct effects of antibiotics and can be monitored by in vitro susceptibility testing and genetic methods. Here we describe a mechanism of sulfamethoxazole resistance that requires a host metabolite for activity. Using a combination of in vitro evolution and metabolic rescue experiments, we identify an energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporter S component gene (thfT) that enables Group A Streptococcus to acquire extracellular reduced folate compounds. ThfT likely expands the substrate specificity of an endogenous ECF transporter to acquire reduced folate compounds directly from the host, thereby bypassing the inhibition of folate biosynthesis by sulfamethoxazole. As such, ThfT is a functional equivalent of eukaryotic folate uptake pathways that confers very high levels of resistance to sulfamethoxazole, yet remains undetectable when Group A Streptococcus is grown in the absence of reduced folates. Our study highlights the need to understand how antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens might function during infections to identify additional mechanisms of resistance and reduce ineffective antibiotic use and treatment failures, which in turn further contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes amongst bacterial pathogens.
Splay-bend nematic phases of bent colloidal silica rods induced by polydispersity
Authors: Kotni Ramakrishna , Grau-Carbonell Albert , Chiappini Massimiliano , Dijkstra Marjolein , van Blaaderen Alfons 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLiquid crystal (LC) phases are in between solids and liquids with properties of both. Nematic LCs composed of rod-like molecules or particles exhibit long-range orientational order, yielding characteristic birefringence, but they lack positional order, allowing them to flow like a liquid. This combination of properties as well as their sensitivity to external fields make nematic LCs fundamental for optical applications e.g. liquid crystal displays (LCDs). When rod-like particles become bent, spontaneous bend deformations arise in the LC, leading to geometric frustration which can be resolved by complementary twist or splay deformations forming intriguing twist-bend (NTB) and splay-bend (NSB) nematic phases. Here, we show experimentally that the elusive NSB phases can be stabilized in systems of polydisperse micron-sized bent silica rods. Our results open avenues for the realization of NTB and NSB phases of colloidal and molecular LCs.
An increase in marine heatwaves without significant changes in surface ocean temperature variability
Authors: Xu Tongtong , Newman Matthew , Capotondi Antonietta , Stevenson Samantha , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Alexander Michael A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs)—extremely warm, persistent sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies causing substantial ecological and economic consequences—have increased worldwide in recent decades. Concurrent increases in global temperatures suggest that climate change impacted MHW occurrences, beyond random changes arising from natural internal variability. Moreover, the long-term SST warming trend was not constant but instead had more rapid warming in recent decades. Here we show that this nonlinear trend can—on its own—appear to increase SST variance and hence MHW frequency. Using a Linear Inverse Model to separate climate change contributions to SST means and internal variability, both in observations and CMIP6 historical simulations, we find that most MHW increases resulted from regional mean climate trends that alone increased the probability of SSTs exceeding a MHW threshold. Our results suggest the need to carefully attribute global warming-induced changes in climate extremes, which may not always reflect underlying changes in variability.
Qubit vitrification and entanglement criticality on a quantum simulator
Authors: Côté Jeremy , Kourtis Stefanos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany elusive quantum phenomena emerge from a quantum system interacting with its classical environment. Quantum simulators enable us to program this interaction by using measurement operations. Measurements generally remove part of the entanglement built between the qubits in a simulator. While in simple cases entanglement may disappear at a constant rate as we measure qubits one by one, the evolution of entanglement under measurements for a given class of quantum states is generally unknown. We show that consecutive measurements of qubits in a simulator can lead to criticality, separating two phases of entanglement. Using up to 48 qubits, we prepare an entangled superposition of ground states to a classical spin model. Progressively measuring the qubits drives the simulator through an observable vitrification point and into a spin glass phase of entanglement. Our findings suggest coupling to a classical environment may drive critical phenomena in more general quantum states.
Dietary glucosamine overcomes the defects in αβ-T cell ontogeny caused by the loss of de novo hexosamine biosynthesis
Authors: Werlen Guy , Li Mei-Ling , Tottone Luca , da Silva-Diz Victoria , Su Xiaoyang , Herranz Daniel , Jacinto Estela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractT cell development requires the coordinated rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) gene segments and the expression of either αβ or γδ TCR. However, whether and how de novo synthesis of nutrients contributes to thymocyte commitment to either lineage remains unclear. Here, we find that T cell-specific deficiency in glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFAT1), the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (dn-HBP), attenuates hexosamine levels, blunts N-glycosylation of TCRβ chains, reduces surface expression of key developmental receptors, thus impairing αβ-T cell ontogeny. GFAT1 deficiency triggers defects in N-glycans, increases the unfolded protein response, and elevates γδ-T cell numbers despite reducing γδ-TCR diversity. Enhancing TCR expression or PI3K/Akt signaling does not reverse developmental defects. Instead, dietary supplementation with the salvage metabolite, glucosamine, and an α-ketoglutarate analogue partially restores αβ-T cell development in GFAT1T-/- mice, while fully rescuing it in ex vivo fetal thymic organ cultures. Thus, dn-HBP fulfils, while salvage nutrients partially satisfy, the elevated demand for hexosamines during early T cell development.
The BrightEyes-TTM as an open-source time-tagging module for democratising single-photon microscopy
Authors: Rossetta Alessandro , Slenders Eli , Donato Mattia , Zappone Sabrina , Fersini Francesco , Bruno Martina , Diotalevi Francesco , Lanzanò Luca , Koho Sami , Tortarolo Giorgio , Barberis Andrea , Crepaldi Marco , Perego Eleonora , Vicidomini Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFluorescence laser-scanning microscopy (LSM) is experiencing a revolution thanks to new single-photon (SP) array detectors, which give access to an entirely new set of single-photon information. Together with the blooming of new SP LSM techniques and the development of tailored SP array detectors, there is a growing need for (i) DAQ systems capable of handling the high-throughput and high-resolution photon information generated by these detectors, and (ii) incorporating these DAQ protocols in existing fluorescence LSMs. We developed an open-source, low-cost, multi-channel time-tagging module (TTM) based on a field-programmable gate array that can tag in parallel multiple single-photon events, with 30 ps precision, and multiple synchronisation events, with 4 ns precision. We use the TTM to demonstrate live-cell super-resolved fluorescence lifetime image scanning microscopy and fluorescence lifetime fluctuation spectroscopy. We expect that our BrightEyes-TTM will support the microscopy community in spreading SP-LSM in many life science laboratories.
Signatures of a magnetic-field-induced Lifshitz transition in the ultra-quantum limit of the topological semimetal ZrTe5
Authors: Galeski S. , Legg H. F. , Wawrzyńczak R. , Förster T. , Zherlitsyn S. , Gorbunov D. , Uhlarz M. , Lozano P. M. , Li Q. , Gu G. D. , Felser C. , Wosnitza J. , Meng T. , Gooth J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe quantum limit (QL) of an electron liquid, realised at strong magnetic fields, has long been proposed to host a wealth of strongly correlated states of matter. Electronic states in the QL are, for example, quasi-one dimensional (1D), which implies perfectly nested Fermi surfaces prone to instabilities. Whereas the QL typically requires unreachably strong magnetic fields, the topological semimetal ZrTe5 has been shown to reach the QL at fields of only a few Tesla. Here, we characterize the QL of ZrTe5 at fields up to 64 T by a combination of electrical-transport and ultrasound measurements. We find that the Zeeman effect in ZrTe5 enables an efficient tuning of the 1D Landau band structure with magnetic field. This results in a Lifshitz transition to a 1D Weyl regime in which perfect charge neutrality can be achieved. Since no instability-driven phase transitions destabilise the 1D electron liquid for the investigated field strengths and temperatures, our analysis establishes ZrTe5 as a thoroughly understood platform for potentially inducing more exotic interaction-driven phases at lower temperatures.
Strong pathogen competition in neonatal gut colonisation
Authors: Mäklin Tommi , Thorpe Harry A. , Pöntinen Anna K. , Gladstone Rebecca A. , Shao Yan , Pesonen Maiju , McNally Alan , Johnsen Pål J. , Samuelsen Ørjan , Lawley Trevor D. , Honkela Antti , Corander Jukka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOpportunistic bacterial pathogen species and their strains that colonise the human gut are generally understood to compete against both each other and the commensal species colonising this ecosystem. Currently we are lacking a population-wide quantification of strain-level colonisation dynamics and the relationship of colonisation potential to prevalence in disease, and how ecological factors might be modulating these. Here, using a combination of latest high-resolution metagenomics and strain-level genomic epidemiology methods we performed a characterisation of the competition and colonisation dynamics for a longitudinal cohort of neonatal gut microbiomes. We found strong inter- and intra-species competition dynamics in the gut colonisation process, but also a number of synergistic relationships among several species belonging to genusKlebsiella, which includes the prominent human pathogenKlebsiella pneumoniae. No evidence of preferential colonisation by hospital-adapted pathogen lineages in either vaginal or caesarean section birth groups was detected. Our analysis further enabled unbiased assessment of strain-level colonisation potential of extra-intestinal pathogenicEscherichia coli(ExPEC) in comparison with their propensity to cause bloodstream infections. Our study highlights the importance of systematic surveillance of bacterial gut pathogens, not only from disease but also from carriage state, to better inform therapies and preventive medicine in the future.
Growth of alpine grassland will start and stop earlier under climate warming
Authors: Möhl Patrick , von Büren Raphael S. , Hiltbrunner Erika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlpine plants have evolved a tight seasonal cycle of growth and senescence to cope with a short growing season. The potential growing season length (GSL) is increasing because of climate warming, possibly prolonging plant growth above- and belowground. We tested whether growth dynamics in typical alpine grassland are altered when the natural GSL (2–3 months) is experimentally advanced and thus, prolonged by 2–4 months. Additional summer months did not extend the growing period, as canopy browning started 34–41 days after the start of the season, even when GSL was more than doubled. Less than 10% of roots were produced during the added months, suggesting that root growth was as conservative as leaf growth. Few species showed a weak second greening under prolonged GSL, but not the dominant sedge. A longer growing season under future climate may therefore not extend growth in this widespread alpine community, but will foster species that follow a less strict phenology.