Association Among Polyphenol Intake, Uric Acid, and Hyperuricemia: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Rubín‐García María , Vitelli‐Storelli Facundo , Álvarez‐Álvarez Laura , Martínez‐González Miguel Ángel , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Corella Dolores , Hernáez Álvaro , Martínez J. Alfredo , Alonso‐Gómez Ángel M. , Wärnberg Julia , Vioque Jesús , Romaguera Dora , López‐Miranda José , Estruch Ramon , Tinahones Francisco J. , Serra‐Majem Luís I. , Cano‐Ibañez Naomi , Tur Josep A. , Marcos‐Delgado Alba , Tresserra‐Rimbau Anna , Pintó Xavier , Delgado‐Rodríguez Miguel , Matía‐Martín Pilar , Vidal Josep , Vázquez Clotilde , Daimiel Lidia , Ros Emili , Vázquez‐Ruiz Zenaida , Babio Nancy , Barragán Rocío , Castañer‐Niño Olga , Razquin Cristina , Tojal‐Sierra Lucas , Gómez‐Gracia Enrique , González‐Palacios Sandra , Morey Marga , García‐Rios Antonio , Castro‐Barquero Sara , Bernal‐López María Rosa , Santos‐Lozano José Manuel , Ruiz‐Canela Miguel , Castro‐Salomó Antoni , Pascual‐Castelló Eva Cristina , Moldon Verónica , Bullón‐Vela Vanessa , Sorto‐Sanchez Carolina , Cenoz‐Osinaga Juan Carlos , Gutiérrez Liliana , Mengual Maira , Lamuela‐Raventós Rosa María , Martín‐Sánchez Vicente ,   the PREDIMED‐Plus Trial Investigators
Published: October 2022

Background
Dietary polyphenol intake has been associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia, but most of this knowledge comes from preclinical studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of the intake of different classes of polyphenols with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia.

Methods and Results
This cross‐sectional analysis involved baseline data of 6332 participants. Food polyphenol content was estimated by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and from the Phenol‐Explorer database. Multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models with serum uric acid (milligrams per deciliter) as the outcome and polyphenol intake (quintiles) as the main independent variable were fitted. Cox regression models with constant follow‐up time (t=1) were performed to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women). An inverse association between the intake of the phenolic acid class (β coefficient, −0.17 mg/dL for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, −0.27 to −0.06]) and hydroxycinnamic acids (β coefficient, −0.19 [95% CI, −0.3 to −0.09]), alkylmethoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.2 [95% CI, −0.31 to −0.1]), and methoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.24 [95% CI, −0.34 to −0.13]) subclasses with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71–0.95]; PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71–0.95]; PR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70–0.92]; and PR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69–0.91]; respectively) was found. The intake of hydroxybenzoic acids was directly and significantly associated with mean serum uric acid levels (β coefficient, 0.14 for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, 0.02–0.26]) but not with hyperuricemia.

Conclusions
In individuals with metabolic syndrome, a higher intake of some polyphenol subclasses (hydroxycinnamic acids, alkylmethoxyphenol, and methoxyphenol) was inversely associated with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia. Nevertheless, our findings warrant further research.