bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What the curtains do not shield: A phenomenological exploration of patient‐witnessed resuscitation in hospital. Part 1: patients' experiences
Authors: Fiori Martina , Latour Jos M. , Endacott Ruth , Cutello Clara A. , Coombs Maureen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to explore the experiences of hospital patients who witnessed resuscitation of a fellow patient.DesignDescriptive phenomenology.MethodsPatients who witnessed resuscitation were recruited from nine clinical wards in a university hospital in England. Data were collected through face‐to‐face individual interviews. Participants were interviewed twice,in 1 week and 4 to 6 weeks after the resuscitation event. Data were collected between August 2018 and March 2019. Interviews were analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological analysis.ResultsSixteen patients participated in the first interview and two patients completed follow‐up interviews. Three themes were developed from the patients' interviews. (1) Exposure to witnessing resuscitation: patients who witness resuscitation felt exposed to a distressing event and not shielded by bed‐space curtains, but after the resuscitation attempt, they also felt reassured and safe in witnessing staff's response. (2) Perceived emotional impact: patients perceived an emotional impact from witnessing resuscitation and responded with different coping mechanisms. (3) Patients' support needs: patients needed information about the resuscitation event and emotional reassurance from nursing staff to feel supported, but this was not consistently provided.ConclusionThe presence of other patients during resuscitation events must be acknowledged by healthcare professionals, and sufficient information and emotional support must be provided to patients witnessing such events. This study generates new evidence to improve patients' experience and healthcare professionals' support practices.ImpactThe phenomenon of patient‐witnessed resuscitation requires the attention of healthcare professionals, resuscitation officers and policymakers. Study findings indicate that witnessing resuscitation has an emotional impact on patients. Strategies to support them must be improved and integrated into the management of in‐hospital resuscitation. These should include providing patients with comprehensive information and opportunities to speak about their experience; evacuating mobile patients when possible; and a dedicated nurse to look after patients witnessing resuscitation events.
Coping strategies and quality of life among Thai family carers of community‐dwelling persons living with dementia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kaewwilai Lalita , Duggleby Wendy , O'Rourke Hannah M. , Santos Salas Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the association between coping strategies and quality of life (QOL) among Thai family carers of persons living with dementia.DesignA descriptive correlational quantitative design.MethodsData were collected between January 2021 and April 2021. A multi‐pronged approach for recruitment was used. Participants completed measures assessing carer demographic characteristics, coping styles, QOL, perceived stress and perceived social support. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the association between types of coping strategies used and QOL scores, adjusting for carer characteristics and carers' stress and social support.ResultsThere were 86 participants (mean age 52.84 years), and the majority were female (87.2%). After adjusting for covariates, hierarchical multiple regression revealed that only positive emotion‐focused coping demonstrated a statistically significant association with total QOL scores. Problem‐focused coping and negative emotion‐focused coping were not significantly associated with total QOL scores of Thai family carers of persons living with dementia.ConclusionPositive emotion‐focused coping was associated with improved QOL scores. This finding supports the use of positive emotion‐focused coping in Thai family carers of persons living with dementia, which potentially could improve the QOL of this population.ImpactIt is essential to differentiate between positive and negative emotion‐focused coping to generate valid estimates of the association between coping and QOL. Nurses should encourage carers to use positive emotion‐focused coping strategies as these strategies were found to be helpful in enhancing carers' QOL.
Adipose‐derived stem cell spheroids are superior to single‐cell suspensions to improve fat autograft long‐term survival
Authors: El Harane Sanae , Durual Stéphane , Braschler Thomas , André‐Lévigne Dominik , Brembilla Nicolo , Krause Karl‐Heinz , Modarressi Ali , Preynat‐Seauve Olivier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutologous fat transplantation is a widely used procedure for surgical reconstruction of tissues. The resorption rate of this transplantation remains high and unpredictable, reinforcing the need of adjuvant treatments that increase the long‐term stability of grafts. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) introduced as single cells in fat has been shown clinically to reduce the resorption of fat grafts. On the other hand, the formulation of ASC into cell spheroids results in the enhancement of their regenerative potential. In this study, we developed a novel method to produce highly homogeneous ASC spheroids and characterized their features and efficacy on fat transplantation. Spheroids conserved ASC markers and multipotency. A regenerative gene expression profile was maintained, and genes linked to autophagy were upregulated whereas proliferation was decreased. Their secreted proteome was enriched in comparison with single‐cell ASC suspension. Addition of spheroids to fat graft in an animal model of transplantation resulted in a better graft long‐term stability when compared to single ASC suspension. In conclusion, we provide a novel method to manufacture homogenous ASC spheroids. These ASC spheroids are superior to ASC in single‐cell suspension to improve the stability of fat transplants, reinforcing their potential in reconstructive surgery.
M2‐phenotype tumour‐associated macrophages upregulate the expression of prognostic predictors MMP14 and INHBA in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liang Zhan‐Wen , Yu Jie , Gu Dong‐Mei , Liu Xiao‐Meng , Liu Jin , Wu Meng‐Yao , Xu Meng‐Dan , Shen Meng , Duan Weiming , Li Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal gastrointestinal tumours, the most common pathological type is pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). In recent year, immune imbalanced in tumour microenvironment has been shown to play an important role in the evolution of tumours progression, and the efficacy of immunotherapy has been gradually demonstrated in clinical practice. In this study, we propose to construct an immune‐related prognostic risk model based on immune‐related genes MMP14 and INHBA expression that can assess the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients and identify potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer, to provide new ideas for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We also investigate the correlation between macrophage infiltration and MMP14 and INHBA expression. First, the gene expression data of pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and The Genotype‐Tissue Expression public database (GTEx). The differentially expressed immune‐related genes between pancreatic cancer samples and normal sample were screened by R software. Secondly, univariate Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between immune‐related genes and the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. A polygenic risk score model was constructed by Cox regression analysis. The prognostic nomogram was constructed, and its performance was evaluated comprehensively by internal calibration curve and C‐index. Using the risk model, each patient gets a risk score, and was divided into high‐ or low‐ risk groups. The proportion of 22 types of immune cells infiltration in pancreatic cancer samples was inferred by CIBERSOFT algorithm, correlation analysis (Pearson method) was used to analyse the correlation between the immune‐related genes and immunes cells. Then, we applied macrophage conditioned medium to culture pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1, detected the expression of MMP14 and INHBA by qRT‐PCR and Western blot methods. Knock‐down MMP14 and INHBA in PANC1 cells by transfected with shRNA lentiviruses. Detection of migration ability of pancreatic cells was done by trans‐well cell migration assay. A subcutaneous xenograft tumour model of human pancreatic cancer in nude mice was constructed. In conclusion, an immune‐related gene prognostic model was constructed, patients with high‐risk scores have poorer survival status, M2‐phenotype tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) up‐regulate two immune‐related genes, MMP14 and INHBA, which were used to establish the prognostic model. Knock‐down of MMP14 and INHBA inhibited invasion of pancreatic cancer.
Goals of cure: Perspectives on the concept of cure in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhao David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesType 2 diabetes (T2D) is an archetypical chronic condition of significant prevalence. Yet the concept of cure in the context of T2D reveals an interplay between the medical imagination and clinical realities that can shift the course of a patient's care. There are two domains in which cure is sociologically constructed: the professional domain occupied by clinicians treating people with T2D, and the lay domain occupied by T2D patients. Lay epistemologies of cure tend to be focused on modifying the experience of having T2D, while professional epistemologies tend to focus on modifying the disease through medical treatment. The objective of this study is to explore the role of the concept of cure in the context of type 2 diabetes, a model for chronic disease.MethodsThrough surveys and interviews of T2D patients, providers and researchers at an urban academic medical centre, I explore the perspectives and attitudes each group have towards the concept of cure in T2D. Semi‐structured interviews of T2D professionals and patient surveys consisting of free response questions and Likert scale items were thematically analysed for perspectives on cure in T2D.ResultsSixteen T2D patients met inclusion criteria and consented to the survey and ten T2D professionals were interviewed. Cure is conceived of heterogeneously both within and between epistemologies. Patients carry hopes of cure predicated on eliminating the unpleasant experiences of T2D and its treatments, while T2D professionals tend to avoid invoking the concept of cure, at least to patients, on grounds of clinical uncertainty. However, the concept of cure is a significant motivator of treatment in both lay and professional epistemologies.ConclusionDifferent viewpoints on cure in T2D present an opportunity for shared meaning and decision making between patients and their providers that can frame the best possible outcome for patient care.
Quantification of cracks in concrete thin sections considering current methods of image analysis
Authors: Patzelt Max , Erfurt Doreen , Ludwig Horst‐Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImage analysis is used in this work to quantify cracks in concrete thin sections via modern image processing. Thin sections were impregnated with a yellow epoxy resin, to increase the contrast between voids and other phases of the concrete. By the means of different steps of pre‐processing, machine learning and python scripts, cracks can be quantified in an area of up to 40 cm2. As a result, the crack area, lengths and widths were estimated automatically within a single workflow. Crack patterns caused by freeze‐thaw damages were investigated. To compare the inner degradation of the investigated thin sections, the crack density was used. Cracks in the thin sections were measured manually in two different ways for validation of the automatic determined results. On the one hand, the presented work shows that the width of cracks can be determined pixelwise, thus providing the plot of a width distribution. On the other hand, the automatically measured crack length differs in comparison to the manually measured ones.
Phase separation of the mammalian prion protein: Physiological and pathological perspectives
Authors: do Amaral Mariana J. , Freire Maria Heloisa O. , Almeida Marcius S. , Pinheiro Anderson S. , Cordeiro Yraima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAbnormal phase transitions have been implicated in the occurrence of proteinopathies. Disordered proteins with nucleic acidbinding ability drive the formation of reversible micron‐sized condensates capable of controlling nucleic acid processing/transport. This mechanism, achieved via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), underlies the formation of long‐studied membraneless organelles (e.g., nucleolus) and various transient condensates formed by driver proteins. The prion protein (PrP) is not a classical nucleic acid‐binding protein. However, it binds nucleic acids with high affinity, undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, contains a long intrinsically disordered region rich in glycines and evenly spaced aromatic residues, among other biochemical/biophysical properties of bona fide drivers of phase transitions. Because of this, our group and others have characterized LLPS of recombinant PrP. In vitro phase separation of PrP is modulated by nucleic acid aptamers, and depending on the aptamer conformation, the liquid droplets evolve to solid‐like species. Herein, we discuss recent studies and previous evidence supporting PrP phase transitions. We focus on the central role of LLPS related to PrP physiology and pathology, with a special emphasis on the interaction of PrP with different ligands, such as proteins and nucleic acids, which can play a role in prion disease pathogenesis. Finally, we comment on therapeutic strategies directed at the non‐functional phase separation that could potentially tackle prion diseases or other protein misfolding disorders.image
The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)
Authors: Reckweg Johannes T. , Uthaug Malin V. , Szabo Attila , Davis Alan K. , Lancelotta Rafael , Mason Natasha L. , Ramaekers Johannes G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT) is a naturally occurring tryptamine that primarily acts as an agonist at the 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2A receptors, whereby affinity for the 5‐HT1A subtype is highest. Subjective effects following 5‐MeO‐DMT administration include distortions in auditory and time perception, amplification of emotional states, and feelings of ego dissolution that usually are short‐lasting, depending on the route of administration. Individual dose escalation of 5‐MeO‐DMT reliably induces a “peak” experience, a state thought to be a core predictor of the therapeutic efficacy of psychedelics. Observational studies and surveys have suggested that single exposure to 5‐MeO‐DMT can cause rapid and sustained reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. 5‐MeO‐DMT also stimulates neuroendocrine function, immunoregulation, and anti‐inflammatory processes, which may contribute to changes in mental health outcomes. To date, only one clinical trial has been published on 5‐MeO‐DMT, demonstrating the safety of vaporized dosing up to 18 mg. Importantly, the rapid onset and short duration of the 5‐MeO‐DMT experience may render it more suitable for individual dose‐finding strategies compared with longer‐acting psychedelics. A range of biotech companies has shown an interest in the development of 5‐MeO‐DMT formulations for a range of medical indications, most notably depression. Commercial development will therefore be the most important resource for bringing 5‐MeO‐DMT to the clinic. However, fundamental research will also be needed to increase understanding of the neurophysiological and neural mechanisms that contribute to the potential clinical effects of 5‐MeO‐DMT and its sustainability and dissemination over time. Such studies are less likely to be conducted as part of drug development programs and are more likely to rely on independent, academic initiatives.
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Protective effects of a day/night dual‐antioxidant serum on skin: A randomized, regimen‐controlled study in Chinese women exposed to air pollution
Authors: Liu Wei , Jie Liyun , Liu Dan , Makino Elizabeth T. , Krutmann Jean , Mehta Rahul C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic exposure to air pollution can negatively affect skin health.AimsTo assess the efficacy of the LUMIVIVE® System (LVS), a skincare system consisting of individual day and night serums, in Chinese women exposed to air pollution.Patients/MethodsIn this single‐center, vehicle‐controlled study, eligible females (mean age, 49.02 years) were randomized 1:1 to treatment group (LVS plus basic moisturizer) or control group (basic moisturizer). Skin color, sebum content, barrier function, elasticity, and texture were measured at baseline and at each follow‐up visit (days 28, 56, and 84). Air pollution parameters were collected throughout the study.ResultsAir pollution levels, including PM2.5 and NO2, were consistently high during the study. The treatment group showed significantly higher skin color L* (p ≤ 0.0001) and lower a* values (p ≤ 0.05) at all follow‐up visits compared with the control group, indicating lower skin pigmentation and redness, respectively. Skin color L* and a* values remained unchanged over time for the control group but were significantly different at all follow‐up visits compared to baseline (p ≤ 0.0001 and p ≤ 0.05, respectively) for the treatment group. There was an increasing trend for sebum content in the control group, which was not observed in the treatment group. Both groups showed improvements over time in other skin physiology parameters.ConclusionsThe current analysis demonstrates the efficacy of LVS plus basic moisturizer compared with basic moisturizer alone to reduce skin pigmentation and redness, as well as to mitigate sebum production, in Chinese women exposed to air pollution.
Common Risk Factors in Cryptocurrency
Authors: LIU YUKUN , TSYVINSKI ALEH , WU XI 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe find that three factors—cryptocurrency market, size, and momentum—capture the cross‐sectional expected cryptocurrency returns. We consider a comprehensive list of price‐ and market‐related return predictors in the stock market and construct their cryptocurrency counterparts. Ten cryptocurrency characteristics form successful long‐short strategies that generate sizable and statistically significant excess returns, and we show that all of these strategies are accounted for by the cryptocurrency three‐factor model. Lastly, we examine potential underlying mechanisms of the cryptocurrency size and momentum effects.
Establishing a predictive model for the evaluation of fecundity
Authors: Zhan Qiong , Zhao Jing , Paziliya Yasheng , Zhao Junda , La Xiaolin , Yao Hua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimWe aim to establish a predictive model for the evaluation of fecundity based on infertility‐related factors.MethodsA total of 410 expectant couples who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University on January 1, 2017 and June 10, 2019 were included in this study. The 1‐year follow‐up was carried out to investigate the pregnancy of the female. They were divided into model group and test group, respectively. The basic information, life behavior and clinical indices were screened using the Logistics regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. In addition, the multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the model for the prediction of fecundity risk.ResultsThe risk factors for the predictive model included female age and occupational pressure, gynecological disease, anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), depression, as well as male smoking. The area under the curve (AUC) for the model A and model B was 0.954 (0.931 ~ 0.978) and 0.955 (0.931 ~ 0.979), respectively. The AUC in the test group was 0.917 (0.869 ~ 0.965) and 0.921 (0.873 ~ 0.968). There were no statistical differences in the fitting value and measured values in the model group.ConclusionsWe established a predictive model for the evaluation of fecundity, which showed a satisfactory accuracy and discriminatory power.
Phylogenetics of global Camellia (Theaceae) based on three nuclear regions and its implications for systematics and evolutionary history
Authors: Zhao Dong‐Wei , Hodkinson Trevor R. , Parnell John A.N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCamellia contains tea, oil camellia, and camellias which benefit people globally. Its infrageneric classification is, however, controversial and unstable, and former phylogenetic analyses failed to yield robust and consistent trees. Here, we aimed to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree, date all clades and discuss the evolutionary history of Camellia. Emphasizing the taxonomically comprehensive sampling rather than more DNA data, orthologous nuclear RPB2 introns 11–15 and 23, and waxy were sequenced for 99 taxa of Camellia to reconstruct its phylogenetic history. Ten clades are identified in Camellia: Camellia II, Camelliopsis, Corallina, Furfuracea, Heterogenea, Paracamellia, Piquetia, Stereocarpus, Thea and Yellow camellias II. Camellia grijsii and C. shensiensis are not closely related with other oil camellias that form the clade Paracamellia. Sections Camelliopsis and Theopsis together form the clade Camelliopsis, while clade Furfuracea consists of sect. Furfuracea and C. hongkongensis. Camellia connata is separated from C. lanceolata but nested in the clade Heterogenea, and C. longissima is nested in the clade Thea, suggesting a new germplasm for tea breeding. Molecular dating using four fossil calibration points suggests that the crown age of Camellia is 39.5 Ma with clade Corallina probably the earliest infrageneric clade to diversify and the most widespread clade, Paracamellia, the latest. Our findings provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships, systematics and evolutionary history of Camellia.