bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular data reallocates Sorosphaerula radicalis (Plasmodiophorida, Phytomyxea, Rhizaria) to the genus Hillenburgia
Authors: Hittorf Michaela , Kirchmair Martin , Garvetto Andrea , Neuhauser Sigrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study reports the first record of Sorosphaerula radicalis (Phytomyxea, Rhizaria) in continental Europe (Tirol, Austria) and provides first molecular data for this species. An 18S rRNA phylogeny placed S. radicalis into the Plasmodiophorida, although distant from other members of the genus Sorosphaerula and close to the parasite of water cress Hillenburgia nasturtii. To resolve this polyphyly, we compare morphological data and life cycles of Sorosphaerula veronicae (the type species of the genus Sorosphaerula), Hillenburgia nasturtii, and Sorosphaerula radicalis. We conclude that Sorosphaerula radicalis belongs to the recently established genus Hillenburgia.
Prevalence of co‐occurring serious illness diagnoses and association with health care utilization at the end of life
Authors: Nothelle Stephanie , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Jacobson Debra , Green Ariel R. , Boyd Cynthia M. , Rocca Walter A. , Fan Chun , St. Sauver Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionEnd‐of‐life care differs by serious illness diagnosis. Cancer and dementia are serious illnesses that have been associated with less intensive end‐of‐life health care use. It is not known how health care utilization varies in the presence of >1 serious illness.MethodsWe used the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify persons living in a midwestern area who died on July 1, 2017–June 30, 2018 at age ≥65 years, and were seriously ill. We examined the number of emergency department (ED), hospital, and intensive care unit (ICU) stays in the last 6 months and the last 30 days of life. We used Poisson regression to determine the incidence rate ratio for ED, hospital, and ICU stay in the last 6 months and 30 days of life by number of serious illness diagnoses. For cancer and dementia, we examined the effect of an additional serious illness.ResultsWe included a population of 1372 adults who were, on average, 84 years, 52% female, and 96% white. Approximately 41% had multiple serious illnesses. Compared to older adults with 1 serious illness diagnosis, rates of hospitalization, and ICU stay for adults with 2 or ≥3 serious illness diagnoses were at least 1.5 times higher in the last 6 months and the last 30 days of life. Rates of ED visits were significantly higher for older adults with 2 or ≥3 serious illness diagnoses in the last 6 months of life, but only higher for those with ≥3 versus 1 serious illness diagnosis in the last 30 days of life. For both cancer and dementia, rates of ED visits, hospitalization and ICU stay were lower for the condition alone than when an additional serious illness diagnosis was present.ConclusionHaving multiple serious illnesses increases the risk of health care utilization at the end of life.
A terminology for downcycling
Authors: Helbig Christoph , Huether Jonas , Joachimsthaler Charlotte , Lehmann Christian , Raatz Simone , Thorenz Andrea , Faulstich Martin , Tuma Axel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe term downcycling is often used anecdotally to describe imperfections in recycling. However, it is rarely defined. Here, we identify six meanings of the term downcycling as used in scientific articles and reports. These encompass the material quality of reprocessed materials, target applications, product value, alloying element losses, material systems, and additional primary production. In a proposal for harmonized and more specific terminology, we define downcycling as the phenomenon of quality reduction of materials reprocessed from waste relative to their original quality. We further identify that the reduced quality can express itself thermodynamically, functionally, and economically, covering all perspectives on downcycling. Dilution, contamination, reduced demand for recycled materials, and design‐related issues can cause those downcycling effects. We anticipate that this more precise terminology can help quantify downcycling, keep materials in the loop longer, use materials more often and at higher quality, and therefore assist in reducing material‐related environmental impacts.
Comparison of submillisecond pulse (FRAC3) and long‐pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser hair removal
Authors: Byalakere Shivanna Chandrashekhar , Shenoy Chaithra , Lalitha Sree , Jaju Priyanka , Zorman Anže 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLaser hair reduction gained popularity in the last decade and is presently the most frequently used long‐term hair removal method. It works on the principle of selective photothermolysis—the laser damages the hair follicle without damaging the skin. Shorter Nd:YAG pulses are also effective in hair reduction, while maintaining better comfort for the patient.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the short and long pulsed methods of Nd:YAG for facial hair removal on darker Fitzpatrick skin types (IV–V).Patients/MethodsThis prospective split face, evaluator‐blinded comparison of short‐pulse Nd:YAG laser versus long‐pulse Nd:YAG laser study included 10 untanned healthy women. There were two outcome measers, two blinded dermatologists compared baseline photographs with those taken 3 months after last session and FotoFinder was used to compare the terminal hair count reduction at the baseline and 3 months after 6th session.ResultsBoth blinded assesors observed significant hair reduction with both lasers; excellent results were achieved in 20% with long pulse and in 55% with short pulse. Both treatment options showed reduction in number of terminal hair with statistical significance using FotoFinder. Comparison of the efficacy of the two pulse durations measured by percent reduction in the number of terminal hair 3 months after the last session showed no significant difference between the groups.ConclusionHair reduction using 1064 nm Nd:YAG is a safe and effective method of hair reduction especially in darker skin types. We have shown that short pulses are better or at least equally safe and effective as the “gold standard” long pulses.
Straight OUTTA Detroit: Embracing Stigma as Part of the Entrepreneurial Narrative
Authors: Cowden Birton J. , Bendickson Joshua S. , Mathias Blake D. , Solomon Shelby J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThrough an inductive field study, we set out to better understand how and why ventures would embrace a non‐core stigma; this is perplexing given that a majority of stigma literature suggests that organizations tend to avoid/disidentify from stigmatized entities. To do so, we study organizational locational stigma, which we define as a label arising from an organization's geographic location that evokes a collective stakeholder group‐specific perception that an organization possesses a fundamental, deep‐seated flaw that deindividuates and discredits the organization. Our findings from Detroit, Michigan reveal that entrepreneurs embrace the locational stigma by taking part in Detroit's underdog narrative and comeback story. Entrepreneurs use the underdog narrative in hope of differentiating their ventures from those in other locations, while they leverage the comeback story to gain access to the resources and in‐group advantages. We thus advance the concept of locational stigma and show how it can benefit organizations.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal hypertension: 30 years experience from China
Authors: Lv Yong , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiver diseases are a major cause of illness and death worldwide. In China, liver diseases, primarily viral hepatitis, affect approximately 300 million people, thus having a major impact on the global burden of liver diseases. Portal hypertension is the most severe complication of chronic liver diseases, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and bleeding from gastroesophageal varices. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) represents a very effective treatment of these complications. Since its introduction 30 years ago in China, the use of TIPS has evolved and has played an increasingly important role in the management of the complications of portal hypertension. This review will focus on the history, current application and management of complications of TIPS in China.
The effect of electronic job aid assisted one‐to‐one counselling to support exclusive breastfeeding among 0–5‐month‐old infants in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Billah Sk Masum , Ferdous Tarana E. , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Kelly Patrick , Choudhury Nuzhat , Ahmed Tahmeed , Gillespie Stuart , Hoddinott John , Haider Rukhsana , Menon Purnima , El Arifeen Shams , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months has established benefits, yet had slow improvements globally. Little is known about electronic job aid‐assisted counselling to support EBF. As a secondary outcome of a cluster randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh, we assessed the effect of electronic job aid‐supported nutrition counselling and practical demonstration on EBF. We randomized pregnant women to one of five study arms in the trial and followed mother–child dyads until 2 years of age. Community health workers (CHWs) provided breastfeeding counselling with or without prenatal and complementary nutrient supplements in all four intervention arms. The comparison arm continued with the usual practice where mothers could receive nutrition counselling at routine antenatal and postnatal care, and during careseeking for childhood illnesses. We assessed breastfeeding indicators at birth and monthly until the child was 6 months old, in both intervention and comparison arms. To evaluate the effect of nutrition counselling on breastfeeding, we combined all four intervention arms and compared them with the comparison arm. Intervention newborns had half the risk (relative risk [RR]: 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.76) of receiving prelacteal feeds than those in the comparison arm. EBF declined steeply in the comparison arm after 3 months of age. EBF was 16% higher in the intervention than the comparison arm at 4 months (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.23) and 22% higher at 5 months of age (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.33). Maternal background and household characteristics did not modify the intervention effect, and we observed no difference in EBF among caesarean versus vaginal births. Breastfeeding counselling and practical demonstration using an electronic job aid by CHWs are promising interventions to improve EBF and are scalable into existing community‐based programmes.
A network approach to decipher the dynamics of Lysobacteraceae plasmid gene sharing
Authors: Richard Damien , Roumagnac Philippe , Pruvost Olivier , Lefeuvre Pierre 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlasmids provide an efficient vehicle for gene sharing among bacterial populations, playing a key role in bacterial evolution. Network approaches are particularly suitable to represent multipartite relationships and are useful tools to characterize plasmid‐mediated gene sharing events. The bacterial family Lysobacteraceae includes plant commensal, plant pathogenic and opportunistic human pathogens for which plasmid‐mediated adaptation has been reported. We searched for homologues of plasmid gene sequences from this family in the entire diversity of available bacterial genome sequences and built a network of plasmid gene sharing from the results. While plasmid genes are openly shared between the bacteria of the family Lysobacteraceae, taxonomy strongly defined the boundaries of these exchanges, which only barely reached other families. Most inferred plasmid gene sharing events involved a few genes only, and evidence of full plasmid transfers were restricted to taxonomically closely related taxa. We detected multiple plasmid–chromosome gene transfers, including the known sharing of a heavy metal resistance transposon. In the network, bacterial lifestyles shaped substructures of isolates colonizing specific ecological niches and harbouring specific types of resistance genes. Genes associated with pathogenicity or antibiotic and metal resistance were among those that most importantly structured the network, highlighting the imprints of human‐mediated selective pressure on pathogenic populations. A massive sequencing effort on environmental Lysobacteraceae is therefore required to refine our understanding of how this reservoir fuels the emergence and the spread of genes among this family and its potential impact on plant, animal and human health.
Large‐scale DNA barcoding of the subfamily Culterinae (Cypriniformes: Xenocyprididae) in East Asia unveils a geographical scale effect, taxonomic warnings and cryptic diversity
Authors: Chen Weitao , Hubert Nicolas , Li Yuefei , Xiang Denggao , Cai Xingwei , Zhu Shuli , Yang Jiping , Zhou Chuanjiang , Li Xinhui , Li Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGeographical scale might be expected to impact significantly the efficiency of DNA barcoding as spatially comprehensive sampling provides opportunities to uncover intricate relationships among closely related species and to detect cryptic diversity for widespread taxa. Here, we present a DNA barcoding study on a Xencyprididae subfamily (Culterinae) involving the production of 998 newly generated DNA barcodes from East Asian drainages (80 localities). Together with 513 barcodes mined from BOLD and GenBank, a reference library consisting of 1511 DNA barcodes (116 localities) for 42 species was assembled, accounting for 66% of known Culterinae species. Intraspecific genetic distances are positively correlated to geographical scale, while a negative correlation is detected between interspecific genetic distances and geographical scale. The present study demonstrates that geographical scale influences the efficiency of DNA barcoding by narrowing the width of the barcoding gap. DNA‐based species delimitation analyses delimited 44 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). Rampant cryptic diversity is detected within eight species with multiple MOTUs, whereas 25 species present mismatch between morphological and molecular delimitations. A total of 18 species are lumped into nine MOTUs due to low interspecific divergence and/or mixed lineages. Several MOTU divergences are hypothesized to relate to known biogeographical barriers and geological events during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. This study provides new insights into the taxonomy and phylogeography of the subfamily Culterinae.
Effect of hiatus hernia on reflux patterns and mucosal integrity in patients with non‐erosive reflux disease
Authors: Sawada Akinari , Rogers Benjamin , Visaggi Pierfrancesco , de Bortoli Nicola , Gyawali C. Prakash , Sifrim Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHiatus hernia (HH) contributes to development of gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of HH on reflux patterns and distal esophageal mucosal integrity in non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed PPI‐refractory NERD patients referred to three tertiary referral centers who underwent high‐resolution manometry and off‐PPI 24‐h impedance‐pH monitoring (with or without bile spectrophotometry). Patients with HH ≥2 cm (HH group, n = 42) or no HH (non‐HH group, n = 40) with similar esophageal acid exposure time (AET 6%–12%) were included.Key ResultsAge, gender, BMI, esophageal motility, AET, and esophageal clearance were similar between the two groups. The HH group had higher numbers of total reflux episodes (p = 0.015) with similar proportion of acid/non‐acid reflux compared with the non‐HH group. Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) in the distal esophagus was significantly lower in the HH group than the non‐HH group at both 5 cm (p = 0.002) and 3 cm (p = 0.015) above the lower esophageal sphincter. Multivariable regression analysis showed that HH, less non‐acid reflux and lower post‐reflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index (PSPWI) were independently associated with lower MNBI. Among 31 patients tested with bile spectrophotometry, the HH group had significantly longer bile exposure time than the non‐HH group (p = 0.011), and bile reflux inversely and significantly correlated with MNBI (rho = −0.75, p < 0.001).Conclusions and InferencesHiatus hernia, less non‐acid reflux and lower PSPWI were associated with lower MNBI. HH impairs distal esophageal mucosal integrity, the mechanism of which we speculate to be through excessive bile reflux.
Relationship between the vertical distribution of fine roots and residual soil nitrogen along a gradient of hardwood mixture in a conifer plantation
Authors: Morikawa Yumena , Hayashi Seiji , Negishi Yuki , Masuda Chie , Watanabe Mirai , Watanabe Keiji , Masaka Kazuhiko , Matsuo Ayumu , Suzuki Masanori , Tada Chika , Seiwa Kenji 
Published: May 2022

Summary

In forest ecosystems, understanding the relationship between the vertical distribution of fine roots and residual soil nitrogen is essential for clarifying the diversity–productivity–water purification relationship.

Vertical distributions of fine‐root biomass (FRB) and concentrations of nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) in soil water were investigated in a conifer plantation with three thinning intensities (Control, Weak and Intensive), in which hardwood abundance and diversity were low, moderate and high, respectively.

Intensive thinning led to the lowest NO3‐N concentration in soil water at all depths (0–100 cm) and highest FRB at shallow depths (0–50 cm). The NO3‐N concentration at a given depth was negatively correlated with total FRB from the surface to the depth at which NO3‐N concentration was measured, especially at shallow depths, indicating that more abundant fine roots led to lower levels of downward NO3‐N leaching. FRB contributed positively to nitrogen content of hardwood leaves.

These findings demonstrate that a hardwood mixture in conifer plantations resulted in sufficient uptake of NO3‐N from soil by well developed fine‐root systems, and translocation to canopy foliage. This study suggests that productivity and water purification can be achieved through a hardwood mixture in conifer plantations.
Sialin mediates submandibular gland regeneration ability by affecting polysialic acid synthesis
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Zhilin , Li Jing , Shao Qi , Qin Lizheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesSialin is a multifunctional molecule with a well‐described role in physiological equilibrium regulation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of sialin in salivary glands regeneration.Materials and methodsSubmandibular gland duct ligation/deligation of rat was performed to develop a rat model of submandibular gland regeneration. Phenotype changes were investigated using Western blotting and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, as well as immunohistochemical staining. LV‐slc17a5‐RNAi vectors were injected into the submandibular glands via retroductal instillation to establish a stable sialin‐knockdown model.ResultsSubmandibular gland tissue structure could completely restore 28 days after duct deligation, when the duct had been ligated for 7 days. The expression of sialin, polysialic acid, and polysialyltransferase IV was significantly increased on Day 0 after duct deligation, and it returned to the level of the control group at Day 28. Moreover, sialin knockdown could weakened gland regeneration by reducing polysialic acid synthesis. Supplementing drinking water with polysialic acid precursors (ManNAc) in drinking water could partially rescue submandibular gland regeneration in sialin‐knockdown rats.ConclusionThese data indicated that sialin was vital for submandibular gland regeneration which mediated the process of gland regeneration by affecting the polysialic acid synthesis.
Herbaceous peony AP2/ERF transcription factor binds the promoter of the tryptophan decarboxylase gene to enhance high‐temperature stress tolerance
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Tang Yuhan , Luan Yuting , Cheng Zhuoya , Wang Xiaoxiao , Tao Jun , Zhao Daqiu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGlobal warming has multifarious adverse effects on plant growth and productivity. Nonetheless, the effects of endogenous phytomelatonin on the high‐temperature resistance of plants and the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactifloraPall.) tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) gene involved in phytomelatonin biosynthesis was shown to respond to high‐temperature stress at the transcriptional level, and its transcript level was positively correlated with phytomelatonin production. Moreover, overexpression ofPlTDCenhanced phytomelatonin production and high‐temperature stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco, while silencingPlTDCexpression decreased these parameters inP. lactiflora. In addition, a 2402 bp promoter fragment ofPlTDCwas isolated, and DNA pull‐down assay revealed that one APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive element‐binding factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor, PlTOE3, could specifically activate thePlTDCpromoter, which was further verified by yeast one‐hybrid assay and luciferase reporter assay. PlTOE3 was a nucleus‐localized protein, and its transcript level responded to high‐temperature stress. Additionally, transgenic tobacco overexpressing PlTOE3 showed enhanced phytomelatonin production and high‐temperature stress tolerance, while silencingPlTDCexpression obtained the opposite results. These results illustrated that PlTOE3 bound thePlTDCpromoter to enhance high‐temperature stress tolerance by increasing phytomelatonin production inP. lactiflora.
Serum pepsinogen cut‐off values in Helicobacter pylori‐infected children
Authors: Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Konno Mutsuko , Watanabe Satoshi , Toita Nariaki , Takahashi Michiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the standard values for gender‐ and age‐stratified serum pepsinogen (sPG) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) non‐infected children and to determine the optimal cut‐off values of sPG for predicting H. pylori‐infected gastritis in children.MethodsA prospective study for determination of sPG levels was performed in children with epigastric pain who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy over the past 16 years. After excluding subjects diagnosed with inflammatory bowel diseases, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders, or immunoglobulin A vasculitis, the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was defined by positive tissue culture or concordant‐positive results for histology and the rapid urease test.ResultsA total of 405 subjects were diagnosed as being H. pylori‐infected (79) or non‐infected (326). In the H. pylori non‐infected group, there were no significant differences in sPG levels among age groups; males had higher sPG I and sPG II levels than females. In the H. pylori‐infected group, sPG I and sPG II levels were significantly higher and the sPG I/II ratio was lower than those in the non‐infected group. In receiver operating characteristics analyses in diagnosing H. pylori infection, the areas under the curves for sPG I, sPG II and sPG I/II ratio were 0.896, 0.980, and 0.946, respectively. The optimal cut‐off value of sPG II of ≥9.0 ng/mL was considered positive for H. pylori infection (sensitivity: 92.4%, specificity: 93.9%).ConclusionsThe optimal cut‐off value of sPG II of ≥9.0 ng/mL may be a good predictor of H. pylori‐infected gastritis in children.