bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric strength training: benefits, concerns, and current trends
Authors: Wang Xihang , Dubrosa Fiona , O’Connor Mary , Sangiuolo Kara , Milanaik Ruth L. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
With the advent of social media combined with several large-scale promotions by nationwide gym chains, pediatric interest in strength training has reached new heights during the past few years. While this is a healthy way for young gym users to build strength and stay active, there are significant risks associated with improper utilization of exercise resources. Lack of adult supervision and guidance in the gym can lead to physical injury, inappropriate use of supplements, and body image issues. The purpose of this review is to provide pediatricians with up-to-date information about well tolerated exercise practices for pubertal and prepubertal youth.

Recent findings
Current exercise trends may negatively impact both the physical and mental health of participants. Various physical injuries may occur when adolescents use gym equipment incorrectly under inadequate adult supervision. Use of unproven equipment such as waist trainers may cause bodily injury, and social media content on exercising and weight loss can negatively influence adolescent body image. Potential consequences include low self-esteem and uncommon body dysmorphic disorders, such as muscle dysmorphia. Further, the intense marketing of supplements can induce pediatric gym users to engage in inappropriate consumption behaviors. The increasing accessibility of commercial gyms to youth has increased the potential for children and adolescents to be exposed to such physical and mental health hazards.

Summary
Greater knowledge regarding strength training techniques will help pediatricians guide their patients toward well tolerated and healthy gym habits. Caregivers and medical professionals should recognize the necessity of supervision, as well as the dangers of incorrect equipment use and unsafe trends to mitigate risks and maximize benefits of pediatric gym use.
Temperature change during laser upper-tract endourological procedures: current evidence and future perspective
Authors: Tokas Theodoros , Rice Patrick , Seitz Christian , Gauhar Vineet , Somani Bhaskar 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
To examine the most recent data on temperatures produced during laser lithotripsy and to provide several strategies for maintaining lower values and reducing the risk of complications during endourological treatment.

Recent findings
Endourologists have access to a wide range of alternatives with the help of the holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG), thulium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (TM:YAG), and thulium fiber laser (TFL) that compose a robust and adaptable laser lithotripsy armamentarium. Nevertheless, the threat of thermal damage increases as the local temperature rises with high total power. Most endourologists are not familiar with normal and pathological temperature ranges, how elevated temperatures affect perioperative problems, or how to avoid them.

Summary
Increased temperatures experienced during laser lithotripsy may affect the course of the healing process. All lasers display a safe temperature profile at energies below 40 W. At equal power settings, Ho:YAG, Tm:YAG, and TFL lasers change the temperature comparably. Shorter on/off laser activation intervals, chilled irrigation, open irrigation systems, and UASs all aid in maintaining acceptable temperatures.
Pregnant Women's Perception of Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Authors: Artzi-Medvedik Rada , Mohamed Nourhan , Chertok Ilana R. Azulay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background:
Birth outcomes including low birth weight, preterm birth, and delayed infant neurodevelopment are associated with secondhand smoke exposure while pregnant. The purpose of the study was to explore pregnant women's perspectives on secondhand smoke exposure to understand their experience and inform recommendations.

Study Design and Methods:
Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 secondhand smoke-exposed pregnant women in the United States.

Results:
Four primary themes were identified: feeling powerless, trapped, and discomfort; enhancing women's self-advocacy and initiative; having conflicting feelings about secondhand smoke exposure; and desiring professional advice and education. Women expressed concern about prenatal secondhand smoke exposure, although they felt unable to request that people refrain from smoking in their presence or personal space. Women's strategies to minimize secondhand smoke exposure often involved their own social isolation. Women described sources of support, educational needs, and desire for practical advice in secondhand smoke avoidance.

Clinical Implications:
Findings underscore the role of nurses working with pregnant women living with household members who smoke to educate women about secondhand smoke risks and strategies for avoidance and to enhance women's self-confidence in advocating for themselves to reduce their exposure.
Characterizing Ventilatory Muscle Dysfunction in Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Brokamp Gabrielle , Hurst Lauren , Hartog Leigh , Vilson Ferdinand , Reynolds Jerold , Elsheikh Bakri H. , Arnold W. David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Investigation of the frequency and progression of ventilatory muscle dysfunction in patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM), the most common myopathy after age 50. Prior research is limited to case series and cross-section studies.

Design
A retrospective review of pulmonary function tests, respiratory symptoms, and muscle strength testing.

Results
Of the 54 patients reviewed (mean age: 65 ± 9 years and disease duration: 7 ± 7 years), the majority (n = 32, 59%) had restrictive forced vital capacity (FVC) deficits at initial visit. Patients with reduced FVC showed higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms; but age, body mass index, and limb strength were similar when compared to patients without restrictive FVC. Mean rate of FVC decline of 0.108 L/year in IBM patients. Lower baseline limb strength correlated with longer disease duration and future FVC decline (e.g., weaker patients experienced faster decline).

Conclusion
Based on FVC, there is a high frequency of ventilatory pump muscle weakness in IBM, which is associated with a higher burden of respiratory symptoms. Baseline strength may indicate risk of respiratory decline and need for vigilant screening. Importantly, ventilatory and limb muscle decline may not progress in a corresponding manner, highlighting the importance of pulmonary function surveillance.
Mnemonics and Metaphorical Videos for Detecting/Diagnosing Musculoskeletal Sonopathologies
Authors: Jačisko Jakub , Ricci Vincenzo , Mezian Kamal , Güvener Orhan , Chang Ke-Vin , Kara Murat , Kobesová Alena , Özçakar Levent 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Musculoskeletal ultrasound identifies a broad range of pathologies. Typical sonographic images of certain pathological/abnormal conditions can be rendered and ‘highlighted‘ for the daily practice/language of musculoskeletal sonographers. The following text and accompanying figures/videos represent a collection of findings pertaining to commonplace pathological conditions. This article is the second part of a series - after the characteristic/metaphoric descriptions of normal musculoskeletal structures.
Evaluating the Potential for ABO-incompatible Islet Transplantation: Expression of ABH Antigens on Human Pancreata, Isolated Islets, and Embryonic Stem Cell-derived Islets
Authors: Verhoeff Kevin , Cuesta-Gomez Nerea , Albers Patrick , Pawlick Rena , Marfil-Garza Braulio A. , Jasra Ila , Dadheech Nidheesh , O’Gorman Doug , Kin Tatsuya , Halpin Anne , West Lori J. , Shapiro A.M. James 
Published: October 2022

Background.
ABO-incompatible transplantation has improved accessibility of kidney, heart, and liver transplantation. Pancreatic islet transplantation continues to be ABO-matched, yet ABH antigen expression within isolated human islets or novel human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived islets remain uncharacterized.

Methods.
We evaluated ABH glycans within human pancreata, isolated islets, hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors, and the ensuing in vivo mature islets following kidney subcapsular transplantation in rats. Analyses include fluorescence immunohistochemistry and single-cell analysis using flow cytometry.

Results.
Within the pancreas, endocrine and ductal cells do not express ABH antigens. Conversely, pancreatic acinar tissues strongly express these antigens. Acinar tissues are present in a substantial portion of cells within islet preparations obtained for clinical transplantation. The hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors and their ensuing in vivo-matured islet-like clusters do not express ABH antigens.

Conclusions.
Clinical pancreatic islet transplantation should remain ABO-matched because of contaminant acinar tissue within islet preparations that express ABH glycans. Alternatively, hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors and the resulting in vivo-matured hESC-derived islets do not express ABH antigens. These findings introduce the potential for ABO-incompatible cell replacement treatment and offer evidence to support scalability of hESC-derived cell therapies in type 1 diabetes.
Absolute Lymphocyte Count as a Marker for Cytomegalovirus Infection After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Schoeberl Armin-Kai , Zuckermann Andreas , Kaider Alexandra , Aliabadi-Zuckermann Arezu , Uyanik-Uenal Keziban , Laufer Guenther , Goekler Johannes 
Published: October 2022

Background.
Previous studies indicate an association between reduced absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after solid organ transplantation and have therefore highlighted the potential of ALC as a simple tool to predict CMV infection in transplant patients. This study aimed to examine the utility of ALC as a valuable marker for CMV infection in heart transplant patients.

Methods.
Clinical information and ALC data of all adult patients who received orthotopic heart transplantation at the Medical University of Vienna between January 2004 and May 2019 were collected. We performed a multivariable Cox regression model that incorporates repeated measurements of ALC as a time-varying continuous factor in 2 ways, first as continuous logarithmic factor considering a 50% decrease of ALC levels and second as binary factor using a threshold of 610 cells/μL.

Results.
One hundred fifty-eight (39%) patients developed CMV infection over the course of 2 y. Patients with lymphopenia were shown to be at higher risk of developing CMV infection both in the continuous approach (HR [per 50% reduction] 1.29; confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.53; P = 0.003) and the binary approach with a cutoff of 610 cells/μL (HR 1.74; CI, 1.20-2.51; P = 0.003).

Conclusions.
This study demonstrated a strong association between reduced ALC and the development of CMV infection after heart transplantation. ALC value monitoring could provide an additional tool to assess individualized CMV risk after solid organ transplantation.
Real-world Evidence of COVID-19 Vaccines Effectiveness in Solid-organ Transplant Recipient Population in Colombia: A Study Nested in the Esperanza Cohort
Authors: Pinto-Álvarez Mariana , Fernández-Niño Julián A. , Arregocés-Castillo Leonardo , Rojas-Botero Maylen L. , Palacios Andrés F. , Galvis-Pedraza Maryory , Ruiz-Gomez Fernando 
Published: October 2022

Background.
Solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications and death and a less powerful and lasting response to vaccines and to natural infection. In Colombia, this population was prioritized in the National Vaccination Plan against COVID-19 and received vaccines from different platforms. The aim of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule and of the vaccine booster for COVID-19 administered to SOTRs in Colombia.

Methods.
A nested-cohort was assembled within the population-based ESPERANZA cohort and included the subset of 16 y and older SOTRs (n = 6963); the follow-up period spanned March 11, 2021, to May 11, 2022. The vaccine effectiveness was estimated with Cox proportional-hazards models so that the overall effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule, the vaccine booster, each used vaccine, and the homologous and heterologous schedules were estimated, adjusting by the main confounders.

Results.
The overall effectiveness of being fully vaccinated was 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.9%-77.0%) to prevent COVID-19 infection, 83.7% (95% CI, 78.7%-87.5%) to prevent hospitalization, and 92.1% (95% CI, 88.8%-94.4%) to prevent death due to COVID-19. Similarly, the effectiveness of the vaccine booster was 76.7% (95% CI, 70.6%-81.5%), 86.9% (95% CI, 79.4%-91.6%), and 94.5% (95% CI, 89.8%-97.1%) to prevent confirmed COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19, respectively. In both cases, there were no statistically significant differences across age groups.

Conclusions.
Findings from this work show a high protection of vaccination against infection, hospitalization, and death due to COVID-19 in SOTRs, which increases with the vaccine booster.
Spasticity following brain and spinal cord injury: assessment and treatment
Authors: Tamburin Stefano , Filippetti Mirko , Mantovani Elisa , Smania Nicola , Picelli Alessandro 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Spasticity is a common sequela of brain and spinal cord injury and contributes to disability, reduces quality of life, and increases economic burden. Spasticity is still incompletely recognized and undertreated. We will provide an overview of recent published data on the definition, assessment, and prediction, therapeutic advances, with a focus on promising new approaches, and telemedicine applications for spasticity.

Recent findings
Two new definitions of spasticity have been recently proposed, but operational criteria should be developed, and test–retest and inter-rater reliability should be explored. Cannabinoids proved to be effective in spasticity in multiple sclerosis, but evidence in other types of spasticity is lacking. Botulinum neurotoxin injection is the first-line therapy for focal spasticity, and recent literature focused on optimizing its efficacy. Several pharmacological, interventional, and nonpharmacological therapeutic approaches for spasticity have been explored but low-quality evidence impedes solid conclusions on their efficacy. The recent COVID-19 pandemic yielded guidelines/recommendations for the use of telemedicine in spasticity.

Summary
Despite the frequency of spasticity, robust diagnostic criteria and reliable assessment scales are required. High-quality studies are needed to support the efficacy of current treatments for spasticity. Future studies should explore telemedicine tools for spasticity assessment and treatment.
Assessment and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in stroke and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Cosentino Giuseppe , Todisco Massimiliano , Giudice Carla , Tassorelli Cristina , Alfonsi Enrico 
Published: October 2022

Purpose of review
Neurogenic dysphagia worsens quality of life and prognosis of patients with different neurological disorders. Management of neurogenic dysphagia can be challenging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current evidence on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in stroke and Parkinson's disease, suggesting clues for clinical practice.

Recent findings
The pros and cons of diagnostic techniques are discussed in the light of updated evidence. Findings from recent meta-analyses of different treatment approaches, including traditional dysphagia therapy, peripheral and central neurostimulation techniques, and treatment with botulinum toxin, are critically discussed, emphasizing inconsistencies and controversial issues.

Summary
Screening tests and clinical swallow examination should be routinely performed in neurological patients at risk for dysphagia. In patients testing positive for dysphagia, first-line instrumental investigations, represented by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or videofluoroscopic swallow study, should be performed to confirm the presence of dysphagia, to assess its severity, and to inform the treatment. Second-line and third-line instrumental methods can be used in selected patients to clarify specific pathophysiological aspects of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Treatment strategies should be personalized, and combination of traditional dysphagia therapy with innovative treatment approaches may increase the chance of restoring effective and safe swallowing.
High titers of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 corpses
Authors: Saitoh Hisako , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Nagasawa Sayaka , Torimitsu Suguru , Kubota Kazumi , Hirata Yuichiro , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Motomura Ayumi , Ishii Namiko , Okaba Keisuke , Horioka Kie , Abe Hiroyuki , Ikemura Masako , Rokutan Hirofumi , Hinata Munetoshi , Iwasaki Akiko , Yasunaga Yoichi , Nakajima Makoto , Yamaguchi Rutsuko , Tsuneya Shigeki , Kira Kei , Kobayashi Susumu , Inokuchi Go , Chiba Fumiko , Hoshioka Yumi , Mori Aika , Yamamoto Isao , Nakagawa Kimiko , Katano Harutaka , Iida Shun , Suzuki Tadaki , Akitomi Shinji , Hasegawa Iwao , Ushiku Tetsuo , Yajima Daisuke , Iwase Hirotaro , Makino Yohsuke , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prolonged presence of infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in deceased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been reported. However, infectious virus titers have not been determined. Such information is important for public health, death investigation, and handling corpses.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the level of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in COVID-19 corpses.MethodsWe collected 11 nasopharyngeal swabs and 19 lung tissue specimens from 11 autopsy cases with COVID-19 in 2021. We then investigated the viral genomic copy number by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and infectious titers by cell culture and virus isolation.ResultsInfectious virus was present in 6 of 11 (55%) cases, 4 of 11 (36%) nasopharyngeal swabs, and 9 of 19 (47%) lung specimens. The virus titers ranged from 6.00E + 01 plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL to 2.09E + 06 PFU/g. In all cases in which an infectious virus was found, the time from death to discovery was within 1 day and the longest postmortem interval was 13 days.ConclusionCOVID-19 corpses may have high titers of infectious virus after a long postmortem interval (up to 13 days). Therefore, appropriate infection control measures must be taken when handling corpses.
HOXA9 forms a repressive complex with nuclear matrix-associated protein SAFB to maintain acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Singh Shuchi Agrawal , Bagri Jaana , Giotopoulos George , Azazi Dhoyazan , Anand Shubha , Bach Anne-Sophie , Stedham Frances , Horton Sarah J. , Antrobus Robin , Houghton Jack W. , Vassiliou George S. , Sasca Daniel , Yun Haiyang , Whetton Anthony D. , Huntly Brian J.P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHOXA9is commonly upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where it confers poor prognosis. Characterising the protein interactome of endogenous HOXA9 in human AML, we identified a chromatin complex of HOXA9 with the nuclear matrix attachment protein-SAFB.SAFBperturbation phenocopiedHOXA9knockout to decrease AML proliferation, increase differentiation and apoptosisin vitroand prolonged survivalin vivo. Integrated genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses further demonstrated that the HOXA9-SAFB-chromatin complex associates with NuRD and HP1γ to repress the expression of factors associated with differentiation and apoptosis, includingNOTCH, CEBPδ,S100A8, andCDKN1A. Chemical or genetic perturbation of NuRD and HP1γ catalytic activity also triggered differentiation, apoptosis and the induction of these tumor-suppressive genes. Importantly, this mechanism is operative in other HOXA9-dependent AML genotypes. This mechanistic insight demonstrates activeHOXA9-dependent differentiation block as a potent mechanism of disease maintenance in AML, that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention via therapies targeting the HOXA9/SAFB interface and/or NuRD and HP1γ activity.Key Points-Identification of the endogenous human HOXA9 protein interactome in AML-HOXA9 forms a repressive complex with S/MAR binding protein (SAFB) that is critical for the maintenance of AML by facilitating proliferation and preventing differentiation and cell death.-The HOXA9/SAFB (H9SB) complex represses gene expression via recruitment of NuRD and HP1γ.
Being socially present in a time of social distancing: investigating the online social learning experiences of teacher-trainees during COVID-19
Authors: Almahdi Maryam Husain , Al Murshidi Ghadah , Al-Mahdi Osama 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper investigates the social online learning experiences of teacher trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study's model gauges the relationships between social presence, sense of community, and collaborative learning in online work-based learning environments.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a cross-sectional design, specifically an online questionnaire, to collect data from teacher-trainees in different years of their university programs.FindingsThe findings indicate significant and positive relationships between social presence and both sense of community and collaborative learning, and between collaborative learning and sense of community in a work-based online learning environment. Moreover, collaborative learning was found to mediate the relationship between social presence and sense of community in the study's model.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of questionnaires to collect self-reported data from a mostly female undergraduate sample is expected to affect the generalizability of the results. Experiments or observation methods and a wider sample of participants can be used in future research to build on the findings of this study.Practical implicationsThe authors recommend that educators play an active role in improving the students' online social learning experiences, especially their social presence and collaborative learning. By using different interactive methods (e.g. encouraging students to ask questions, express emotions, share resources, and reflect on their learning in a group), educators can help students achieve a sense of community and, hence, realize the many beneficial outcomes tied to community creation in online learning environments.Originality/valueThe study contributes to knowledge by highlighting students' social experiences while learning online, a usually overlooked area of study. These insights are especially important in a time when online learning has become a necessity rather than a choice and when students are in dire need of social support and community. Researching the online social learning experiences of teacher-trainees lends additional value to the study, as it is necessary for future teachers to experience and master this type of learning during their pre-service training so they can apply it with higher levels of confidence and efficacy in their future classrooms.