bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing seroma formation rate after harvest of the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap and the superficial abdominal perforator flaps in autologous breast reconstruction: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Nakatsuka Kengo , Fuse Yuma , Karakawa Ryo , Yano Tomoyuki , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDonor site seroma formation and prolonged drainage duration are commonly seen after harvest of perforator‐based abdominal flaps. The lymphatic network including the lymphatic vessels and the lymph nodes can be traumatized during harvest of a perforator‐based abdominal flap, eventually causing seroma formation. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative seroma occurrence rates between the deep system group including the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap and the superficial system group comprised of the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap, the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap, and the SIEA‐SCIP combined flap.Patients and methodsA retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction using perforator‐based abdominal flaps from June 2020 to May 2021 was performed. The patients were divided into the deep system group and the superficial system group. Propensity score matching was used to compare in the two groups the mean duration of drainage in the donor site and the occurrence of postoperative aspiration. Covariates included sex, age, body mass index, history of smoking, past history of diabetes mellitus. One hundred and fifteen patients (the deep system group, n = 100 and the superficial system group, n = 15) met inclusion criteria for a 1:1 match performed on 14 deep system group patients using propensity scores, with 14 superficial system group patients having similar characteristics.ResultsThe mean duration of drainage in the donor site was shorter in the deep system group (6.6 ± 1.9 days) than in the superficial system group (9.3 ± 2.3 days, p < .01). The occurrence rate of postoperative aspiration was lower in the deep system group (0%) than in the superficial system group (50%, p < .01).ConclusionsAlthough superficial abdominal perforator flaps are considered to be less invasive than the DIEP flap, they are associated with prolonged donor site drainage and more frequent occurrence rate of postoperative aspiration.
Doppelte Inhoffen‐Vorlesung
Authors: Werz Daniel B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn einer gemeinsamen Veranstaltung der TU Braunschweig und des Helmholtz‐Zentrums für Infektionsforschung (HZI) wurden am 9. Juni an der TU Braunschweig gleich zwei Inhoffen‐Preisträger geehrt: Die bedeutende Auszeichnung für Naturstoffchemie für das Jahr 2020 ging an Christian Hertweck, den Preis für dieses Jahr erhielt Sarah E. Reisman.
"Unterhaltsam zu sein, ist die Basis" – Interview mit Lars Fischer
Authors: Fischer Lars , Zbikowski Frauke , Remenyi Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDer Chemiker und Blogger Lars Fischer hat in diesem Jahr den Preis der GDCh für Journalismus erhalten. Mit den Nachrichten aus der Chemie sprach er darüber, ob er lieber unterhalten oder lieber informieren möchte und warum er Filterblasen in Social Media für überschätzt hält.
A weak Galerkin method and its two‐grid algorithm for the quasi‐linear elliptic problems of non‐monotone type
Authors: Zhu Peng , Xie Shenglan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, a weak Galerkin (WG) method is first presented and analyzed for the quasi‐linear elliptic problem of non‐monotone type. By using Brouwer's fixed point technique, the existence of WG solution and error estimates in both the energy norm and the norm are derived. Then an efficient two‐grid WG method is introduced to improve the computational efficiency. The convergence error of the two‐grid WG method is analyzed in the energy norm. Numerical experiments are presented to verify our theoretical findings.
Identification of tumour‐infiltrating myeloid subsets associated with overall survival in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Jun , Duan Yumei , Liu Pinbo , He Xiang , Yang Yiping , Zhang Ran , Weng Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a primary subtype of lung cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis, and tumour‐infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) are key regulators of LUSC. However, the correlation between the abundance of TIM subtypes and clinical outcomes of LUSC remains unexplored. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for low‐ and high‐risk patients with LUSC based on myeloid cell microenvironments. TIM markers in the tumoural (T) and stromal (S) regions were quantified using immunohistochemistry for 502 LUSC patients. L1‐penalized Cox regression was used to develop a myeloid survival score (MSS) model based on the training cohort, followed by validation in distinct cohorts from multiple centres. RNA sequencing and immunostaining were used to examine the mechanisms of myeloid cells in LUSC progression and predict potential drug targets and therapeutic agents. Of the 12 myeloid markers, CD163T, CD163S, and S100A12T were highly associated with overall survival (OS) in LUSC patients. The MSS of the three myeloid signatures accurately categorized LUSC patients into risk categories, with an observable difference in OS between the training and validation cohorts. Tumours with high MSS were associated with enhanced antioxidative ability and hedgehog signalling and a shift to a more pro‐tumorigenic microenvironment, accompanied by a reduced tumour cell immunogenicity and increased CD8+ T cell exhaustion patterns. Additionally, in high‐risk patients, potential drug targets and compounds regulating hedgehog signalling were identified. Our study provides the first prognostic myeloid signature for LUSC, which may help advance precision medicine. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Floral ultraviolet absorbance area responds plastically to ultraviolet irradiance in Brassica rapa
Authors: Gray Liberty A. , Varga Sandra , Soulsbury Carl D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSolar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to have significant effects on the development and performance of plants, including flowers. In multiple species, UV‐absorbing floral patterns are associated with environmental conditions such as the solar UV exposure they typically receive. However, it is not known whether plants can increase the UV‐absorbing areas found on petals plastically when in a high‐UV environment. We grew Brassica rapa at three different UV radiation intensities (control, low, and high) and under two exposure duration regimes. We removed petals from flowers periodically during the flowering period and measured the proportion of the petal that absorbed UV. UV‐absorbing areas increased when plants were exposed to longer periods of UV radiation, and at high UV radiation intensities. UV‐absorbing area of petals of the UV intensity treatments decreased over time in long exposure plants. This study demonstrates that flowers can potentially acclimate to different UV radiation intensities and duration of exposure through an increase in UV‐absorbing areas even after a relatively short exposure time to UV. Such a rapid plastic response may be especially beneficial for dynamically changing UV conditions and in response to climate change.
Density functional theory study on gas‐phase microscopic basicity of some ketenimine derivatives and their isomers/tautomers
Authors: Solgi Leila , Mirjafary Zohreh , Mokhtari Javad , Saeidian Hamid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicroscopic basicity of some ketenimine derivatives 1–12 and their isomers/tautomers, bearing an unsaturated ring, has been studied in the present work. Isomerization process for some ketenimine derivatives and their protonated forms was also investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The protonation study in gas phase was performed by the DFT–B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) computational method. The results show that all the proposed ketenimines (less stable than their isomers/tautomers) have proton affinity (PA) values that are more than at least 20 kJ mol−1 greater than the PA of 1,8‐bis‐(dimethylamino)naphthalene. The primary strategy in this study for designing new exceptionally rare ketenimine forms possessing strong basicity is to link structurally an unsaturated ring to the molecular framework and to build conjugated systems, for which the positive charge of the conjugate acids is delocalized through resonance. PA values are enhanced by placing electron‐donating substituents on the unsaturated rings, stabilizing the conjugate acid. Two indices of aromaticity, the nucleus‐independent chemical shift and the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity associated with the unsaturated ring, were calculated and compared for neutral and protonated forms. Natural bond orbital (NBO)–Wiberg bond orders, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and molecular electrostatic potential investigations were also applied to explain the π‐type interaction of the unsaturated ring with the ketenimine unit.
Pulmonary function in children with persistent tachypnea of infancy
Authors: Marczak Honorata , Peradzyńska Joanna , Lange Joanna , Bogusławski Stanisław , Krenke Katarzyna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundData on the prevalence and type of lung function impairment in preschool and school‐aged children previously diagnosed with persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI) are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to assess pulmonary function in this age group.MethodsChildren diagnosed with PTI over 3 years old were admitted for follow‐up visits and healthy controls were enrolled. The study group included children who were able to complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Medical history, physical examination, and pulmonary function (spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, nitrogen multiple breath washout test, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO]) were assessed.ResultsThirty‐seven children (26 boys, 11 girls; median age: 5.6 years) diagnosed with PTI and 37 healthy controls were recruited. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity were significantly lower (−1.12 vs. 0.48, p = 0.002 and −0.83 vs. 0.31, p = 0.009, respectively); respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (0.06 vs. −0.62, p = 0.003), resonant frequency (1.86 vs. 1.36, p = 0.04), residual volume (RV) (2.34 vs. −1.2, p < 0.0001), RV%TLC (total lung capacity) (2.63 vs. −0.72, p < 0.0001), and specific airway resistance (5.4 vs. 2.59, p = 0.04) were significantly higher in PTI patients as compared with controls (data were presented as median z‐score). Air trapping was found in 60.0%, and abnormally high lung clearance index and DLCO were found in 73.3% and 90.9% of PTI patients, respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that lung function is affected in most children with PTI. PFTs showed that peripheral airways are the major zone of functional impairment.
Proteomics of azoospermia: Towards the discovery of reliable markers for non‐invasive diagnosis
Authors: Rusevski Aleksandar , Plaseska‐Karanfilska Dijana , Davalieva Katarina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeAzoospermia, as the most severe form of male infertility, no longer indicates sterility due to modern medical advancements. The current diagnostic procedure based on testicular biopsy has several drawbacks which urges the development of novel, non‐invasive diagnostic procedures based on biomarkers. In the last two decades, there have been many proteomics studies investigating potential azoospermia biomarkers. In this review, we aimed to provide a critical evaluation of these studies.Experimental DesignPublished articles were gathered by systematic literature search using Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases until March 2022 and were further preselected to include only studies on human samples.ResultsA detailed review of these studies encompassed the proteomics platforms, sources of material, proposed candidate biomarkers, and their potential diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. In addition, emphasis was put on the top, most identified and validated biomarker candidates and their potential for discriminating azoospermia types and subtypes as well as predicting sperm retrieval success rate.ConclusionsProteomics research of azoospermia has laid the groundwork for the development of a more streamlined biomarker testing. The future research should be focused on well‐designed studies including samples from all types/subtypes as well as further testing of the most promising biomarkers identified so far.
Allosteric links between the hydrophilic N‐terminus and transmembrane core of human Na+/H+ antiporter NHA2
Authors: Velázquez Diego , Průša Vojtěch , Masrati Gal , Yariv Elon , Sychrova Hana , Ben‐Tal Nir , Zimmermannova Olga 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe human Na+/H+ antiporter NHA2 (SLC9B2) transports Na+ or Li+ across the plasma membrane in exchange for protons, and is implicated in various pathologies. It is a 537 amino acids protein with an 82 residues long hydrophilic cytoplasmic N‐terminus followed by a transmembrane part comprising 14 transmembrane helices. We optimized the functional expression of HsNHA2 in the plasma membrane of a salt‐sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and characterized in vivo a set of mutated or truncated versions of HsNHA2 in terms of their substrate specificity, transport activity, localization, and protein stability. We identified a highly conserved proline 246, located in the core of the protein, as being crucial for ion selectivity. The replacement of P246 with serine or threonine resulted in antiporters with altered substrate specificity that were not only highly active at acidic pH 4.0 (like the native antiporter), but also at neutral pH. P246T/S versions also exhibited increased resistance to the HsNHA2‐specific inhibitor phloretin. We experimentally proved that a putative salt bridge between E215 and R432 is important for antiporter function, but also structural integrity. Truncations of the first 50–70 residues of the N‐terminus doubled the transport activity of HsNHA2, while changes in the charge at positions E47, E56, K57, or K58 decreased the antiporter's transport activity. Thus, the hydrophilic N‐terminal part of the protein appears to allosterically auto‐inhibit cation transport of HsNHA2. Our data also show this in vivo approach to be useful for a rapid screening of SNP's effect on HsNHA2 activity.
Potential of ivermectin as an active ingredient of the attractive toxic sugar baits against the Indian malaria vectorsAnopheles culicifaciesandAnopheles stephensi
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Pasi Shweta , Yadav Chander Prakash , Kaur Jaspreet , Sharma Amit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAttractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a novel vector control tool that exploits the sugar feeding behavior of mosquitoes. The current study aims to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin‐based ATSB against insecticide susceptible and resistant strains of major Indian malaria vectors –Anopheles culicifaciesandAnopheles stephensi. ATSB with different concentrations of ivermectin were tested against mosquito vectors under standard laboratory conditions.RESULTSDose–response analysis of ivermectin–ATSB showed 7.8 and 19.8 ppm as 50% and 90% lethal concentration (LC50and LC90) values for insecticide susceptibleAn. culicifacies. In the case of insecticide susceptibleAn. stephensi, the LC90value was 35 ppm which was significantly higher in comparison to the LC90forAn. culicifacies. The LC50of insecticide‐resistantAn. culicifaciesandAn. stephensiwere 10.6 and 15.9 ppm respectively whereas LC90values were 36.9 and 61.0. Ivermectin–ATSB resulted in 99 ± 0.8% mortality ofAn. culicifaciesand 93 ± 3.8% mortality ofAn. stephensiat an ivermectin concentration of 25 ppm. In another set of experiments, the ATSB solution containing standardized dose of ivermectin was sprayed onAllysumplant and mortality of bothAnophelinevectors was recorded. Here, we observed > 90% mortality in bothAn. stephensiandAn. culicifacies.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrates the potential of ivermectin‐based ATSB in killing Indian malaria vectors irrespective of the method of application. Further field trials with ivermectin containing ATSB may pave the way for its usage in the national vector control program. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparing the applications of machine learning, PBPK, and population pharmacokinetic models in pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction prediction
Authors: Gill Jaidip , Moullet Marie , Martinsson Anton , Miljković Filip , Williamson Beth , Arends Rosalinda H. , Pilla Reddy Venkatesh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe gold‐standard approach for modeling pharmacokinetic mediated drug–drug interactions is the use of physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling and population pharmacokinetics. However, these models require extensive amounts of drug‐specific data generated from a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo models, which are later refined with clinical data and system‐specific parameters. Machine learning has the potential to be utilized for the prediction of drug–drug interactions much earlier in the drug discovery cycle, using inputs derived from, among others, chemical structure. This could lead to refined chemical designs in early drug discovery. Machine‐learning models have many advantages, such as the capacity to automate learning (increasing the speed and scalability of predictions), improved generalizability by learning from multicase historical data, and highlighting statistical and potentially clinically significant relationships between input variables. In contrast, the routinely used mechanistic models (physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models and population pharmacokinetics) are currently considered more interpretable, reliable, and require a smaller sample size of data, although insights differ on a case‐by‐case basis. Therefore, they may be appropriate for later stages of drug–drug interaction assessment when more in vivo and clinical data are available. A combined approach of using mechanistic models to highlight features that can be used for training machine‐learning models may also be exploitable in the future to improve the performance of machine learning. In this review, we provide concepts, strategic considerations, and compare machine learning to mechanistic modeling for drug–drug interaction risk assessment across the stages of drug discovery and development.
Benign descriptors and ADNEX in two‐step strategy to estimate risk of malignancy in ovarian tumors: retrospective validation in IOTA5 multicenter cohort
Authors: Landolfo C. , Bourne T. , Froyman W. , Van Calster B. , Ceusters J. , Testa A. C. , Wynants L. , Sladkevicius P. , Van Holsbeke C. , Domali E. , Fruscio R. , Epstein E. , Franchi D. , Kudla M. J. , Chiappa V. , Alcazar J. L. , Leone F. P. G. , Buonomo F. , Coccia M. E. , Guerriero S. , Deo N. , Jokubkiene L. , Savelli L. , Fischerova D. , Czekierdowski A. , Kaijser J. , Coosemans A. , Scambia G. , Vergote I. , Timmerman D. , Valentin L. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivePrevious work has suggested that the ultrasound‐based benign simple descriptors (BDs) can reliably exclude malignancy in a large proportion of women presenting with an adnexal mass. This study aimed to validate a modified version of the BDs and to validate a two‐step strategy to estimate the risk of malignancy, in which the modified BDs are followed by the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model if modified BDs do not apply.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis using data from the 2‐year interim analysis of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Phase‐5 study, in which consecutive patients with at least one adnexal mass were recruited irrespective of subsequent management (conservative or surgery). The main outcome was classification of tumors as benign or malignant, based on histology or on clinical and ultrasound information during 1 year of follow‐up. Multiple imputation was used when outcome based on follow‐up was uncertain according to predefined criteria.ResultsA total of 8519 patients were recruited at 36 centers between 2012 and 2015. We excluded patients who were already in follow‐up at recruitment and all patients from 19 centers that did not fulfil our criteria for good‐quality surgical and follow‐up data, leaving 4905 patients across 17 centers for statistical analysis. Overall, 3441 (70%) tumors were benign, 978 (20%) malignant and 486 (10%) uncertain. The modified BDs were applicable in 1798/4905 (37%) tumors, of which 1786 (99.3%) were benign. The two‐step strategy based on ADNEX without CA125 had an area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.96). The risk of malignancy was slightly underestimated, but calibration varied between centers. A sensitivity analysis in which we expanded the definition of uncertain outcome resulted in 1419 (29%) tumors with uncertain outcome and an AUC of the two‐step strategy without CA125 of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91–0.95).ConclusionA large proportion of adnexal masses can be classified as benign by the modified BDs. For the remaining masses, the ADNEX model can be used to estimate the risk of malignancy. This two‐step strategy is convenient for clinical use. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Autobiographical memory and psychopathology: Is memory specificity as important as we make it seem?
Authors: Barry Tom J. , Takano Keisuke , Hallford David J. , Roberts John E. , Salmon Karen , Raes Filip 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral decades of research have established reduced autobiographical memory specificity, or overgeneral memory, as an important cognitive factor associated with the risk for and maintenance of a range of psychiatric diagnoses. In measuring this construct, experimenters code autobiographical memories for the presence or absence of a single temporal detail that indicates that the remembered event took place on a single, specific, day (Last Thursday when I rode bikes with my son), or multiple days (When I rode bikes with my son). Studies indicate that the specificity of memories and the amount of other episodic detail that they include (e.g., who, what, and where) are related and may rely on the same neural processes to elicit their retrieval. However, specificity and detailedness are nonetheless separable constructs: imperfectly correlated and differentially associated with current and future depressive symptoms and other associated intrapersonal (e.g., rumination) and interpersonal (e.g., social support) outcomes. The ways in which the details of our memories align with narrative themes (i.e., agency, communion, identity) and the coherence with which these details are presented, are also emerging as important factors associated with psychopathology. The temporal specificity of autobiographical memories may be important, but other memory constructs warrant further attention in research and theory, especially given the associations, and dependencies, between each of these constructs. Researchers in this area must consider carefully whether their research questions necessitate a focus on autobiographical memory specificity or whether a more inclusive analysis of other autobiographical memory features is necessary and more fruitful.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Memory