bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does oscillation size matter? Impact of added resistance on the cerebral pressure‐flow Relationship in females and males
Authors: Newel Kailey T. , Burma Joel S. , Carere Joseph , Kennedy Courtney M. , Smirl Jonathan D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSinusoidal squat‐stand maneuvers (SSM) without resistance have been shown to produce ~30–50 mmHg swings in mean arterial pressure which are largely buffered in the brain via dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). This study aimed to further elucidate how this regulatory mechanism is affected during SSM with added resistance (~20% bodyweight). Twenty‐five participants (sex/gender: 13 females/12 males) completed two bouts of 5‐min SSM for both bodyweight and resistance conditions (10% bodyweight in each arm) at frequencies of 0.05 Hz (20‐s squat/stand cycles) and 0.10 Hz (10‐s squat/stand cycles). Middle and posterior cerebral artery (MCA/PCA) cerebral blood velocities were indexed with transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure (BP) was quantified via finger photoplesmography. Transfer function analysis was employed to quantify dCA in both cerebral arteries across the cardiac cycle (diastole, mean, and systole). Two‐by‐two Analysis of Variance with generalized eta squared effect sizes were utilized to determine differences between resistance vs. bodyweight squats and between sexes/genders. Absolute mean and diastolic BP were elevated during the resistance squats (p < 0.001); however, only the BP point‐estimate power spectrum densities were augmented at 0.10 Hz (p < 0.048). No differences were noted for phase and gain metrics between bodyweight and resistance SSM (p > 0.067); however, females displayed attenuated systolic regulation (p < 0.003). Despite augmented systemic BP during resistance SSM, the brain was effective at buffering the additional stress to mitigate overperfusion/pressure. Females displayed less dCA regulation within the systolic aspect of the cardiac cycle, which may be associated with physiological underpinnings related to various clinical conditions/presentations.
Functional implications of microvascular heterogeneity for oxygen uptake and utilization
Authors: Roy Tuhin K. , Secomb Timothy W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the vascular system, an extensive network structure provides convective and diffusive transport of oxygen to tissue. In the microcirculation, parameters describing network structure, blood flow, and oxygen transport are highly heterogeneous. This heterogeneity can strongly affect oxygen supply and organ function, including reduced oxygen uptake in the lung and decreased oxygen delivery to tissue. The causes of heterogeneity can be classified as extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic heterogeneity refers to variations in oxygen demand in the systemic circulation or oxygen supply in the lungs. Intrinsic heterogeneity refers to structural heterogeneity due to stochastic growth of blood vessels and variability in flow pathways due to geometric constraints, and resulting variations in blood flow and hematocrit. Mechanisms have evolved to compensate for heterogeneity and thereby improve oxygen uptake in the lung and delivery to tissue. These mechanisms, which involve long‐term structural adaptation and short‐term flow regulation, depend on upstream responses conducted along vessel walls, and work to redistribute flow and maintain blood and tissue oxygenation. Mathematically, the variance of a functional quantity such as oxygen delivery that depends on two or more heterogeneous variables can be reduced if one of the underlying variables is controlled by an appropriate compensatory mechanism. Ineffective regulatory mechanisms can result in poor oxygen delivery even in the presence of adequate overall tissue perfusion. Restoration of endothelial function, and specifically conducted responses, should be considered when addressing tissue hypoxemia and organ failure in clinical settings.
Ästhetik und Funktion des Passionsspiels
Authors: Egidi Margreth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The article combines an analysis of the ›Egerer Passionsspiel‹ with the fundamental question of the aesthetics, textual economy and function of late medieval Passion plays; it includes references to other genres and media of the Passion. According to the thesis, the Passion plays are characterised by the contradictory structure of two opposing representational concepts which are to be distinguished: the textual staging of violence and the representation of suffering. Both, as well as the becoming of Jesus as object resp. subject, are closely linked as textual processes with the bringing forth of the body of Jesus in the text. In contrast to other genres and media of the Passion, Passion plays potentially aim at a ›de-automation‹ of the transformation of violent events in the sense of suffering that was automated in medieval Passion culture.
Silencing circular RNA-friend leukemia virus integration 1 restrained malignancy of CC cells and oxaliplatin resistance by disturbing dyskeratosis congenita 1
Authors: Liu Weipeng , Jiang Hong , Li Yuanqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Circular-RNA friend leukemia virus integration 1 (circ-FLI1; hsa_circ_0000370) is a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of colon carcinoma (CC). Herein, we intended to investigate its functions and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms in CC cells. In terms of expression status, circ-FLI1 was abnormally upregulated in CC patients’ tumors and cells, paralleled with DKC1 upregulation and miR-197-3p downregulation. Most strikingly, there was a direct target relationship between miR-197-3p and circ-FLI1 or DKC1 based on the starbase database, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation. Functionally, the colony formation assay, MTS method, fluorescence-activated cell sorting method, cell cycle and apoptosis assays, and transwell assays were performed, and the results revealed that interfering circ-FLI1 and re-expressing miR-197-3p could restrict colony formation, cell viability, cell cycle progression, and migration/invasion of CC cells with apoptosis rate elevation; besides, they promoted oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-induced cell viability inhibition. Furthermore, there were counteractive effects between circ-FLI1 silencing and miR-197-3p depletion, miR-197-3p overexpression and DKC1 restoration on regulating CC cell functions and L-OHP resistance. With a xenograft tumor model, the anti-growth role of circ-FLI1 silencing was also found in vivo with or without L-OHP treatment. Collectively, we demonstrated that circ-FLI1 might confer L-OHP resistance and malignant progression of CC presumably through the circ-FLI1/miR-197-3p/DKC1 ceRNA axis.
Computer-aided diagnosis system for retinal disorder classification using optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Saleh Neven , Abdel Wahed Manal , Salaheldin Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The incidence of vision impairment is rapidly increasing. Diagnosis and classifying retinal abnormalities in ophthalmological applications is a significant challenge. Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), the study aims to develop a computer aided diagnosis system for detecting and classifying retinal disorders. Choroidal neovascularization, diabetic macular edema, drusen, and normal cases are the investigated groups. Both deep learning and machine learning are combined to build the system. The SqueezeNet neural network was modified to extract features. The Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN), Decision Tree (DT), and Ensemble Model (EM) algorithms were used for disorder classification. The Bayesian optimization technique was also used to determine the best hyperparameters for each model. The model’ performance was evaluated through nine criteria using 12,000 OCT images. The results have demonstrated accuracies of 97.39, 97.47, 96.98, and 95.25% for the SVM, K-NN, DT, and EM, respectively. When results are compared to relevant studies in terms of accuracy and tested samples, they show superior performance. As a result, a novel computer-aided diagnosis system for detecting and classifying retinal diseases has been developed, reducing human error while also saving time.
Response of composite steel-concrete cellular beams of different concrete deck types under harmonic loads
Authors: Dakhela Zahraa Hussien , Mohammed Shatha Dheyaa. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the adequacy of composite cellular beams with lightweight reinforced concrete deck slab as a structural unit for harmonic loaded buildings. The experimental program involved three fixed-ends supported beams throughout 2140 mm. Three concrete types were included: Normal Weight Concrete (NWC), Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC), and Lightweight Fiber Reinforced Aggregate Concrete (LWACF). The considered frequencies were (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30) Hz. It was indicated that the harmonic load caused a significant influence on LWAC response (64% greater than NWC) and lattice cracks were observed, especially at 30 Hz. As for LWACF slab, no cracks appeared, and the harmonic load had a minor effect on the vibration amplitude. Adding fiber to LWAC improved its behavior and made the amplitude no more than 11.11%, corresponding to NWC. So, the response variance for the LWACF was approximately negligible compared with NWC. It is worth mentioning that the study produced a lightweight structure that resists harmonic vibrations with a small strength reduction by using LWACF as a deck-slab for cellular specimens and provides a structural element with a smaller density of about 27%, which presents an advantage for the cellular beam that is adopted for low-loaded structures.
Improved method for revising the Israel birthweight references
Authors: Rubin Lisa , Haklai Ziona , Dollberg Shaul , Zimmerman Deena , Gordon Ethel-Sherry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Birthweight is often used as an indicator of fetal health. Categorization of infants as small or large for gestational age has clinical significance. Due to growth differences between countries, it is important to have local reference data. The aim of the study was to describe an Israel population-based reference of birthweight by gestational age stratified for singletons/multiple births and gender.

Methods
Data on birthweight and gestational age were obtained for the years 2010–2019 from the Ministry of Health Birth Registry. Implausible birthweight and gestational age values were excluded in a two step process. First, overtly implausible values were excluded using visual mapping. Then, infants whose birthweight was below or above the fifth interquartile range for each completed week were excluded.

Results
During the 10-year period there were 1,761,884 infants delivered in Israel; 1,689,696 were included in the analysis. 4.4% of the live born infants were from multiple births. The mean birthweight of singletons (3251 g) was 947 ± 4 g higher than that of multiples (2304 g). The birthweight of the male multiple births began to differ from that of the singletons at 30 weeks; female multiple births began to deviate at 31 weeks. The increase in birthweight of singletons leveled after 42 weeks and those born after 43 weeks weighed less than infants born earlier. Comparison of the curves for singletons from the present study to those reported for the years 1993–2001 reveal a similar median but significant differences in the distribution of lower and higher percentiles.

Conclusions
Improved data collection and validation permitted inclusion of 96% of births for analysis. Use of interquartile range distribution to exclude values of birthweight/gestational age that were implausible improved validity. Compared to curves reported previously, changes were found in the distribution of birthweights for the upper and lower percentiles. Periodic updates of growth curve references are important.
Language naming in Indigenous Australia: a view from western Arnhem Land
Authors: Vaughan Jill , Singer Ruth , Garde Murray 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLanguage naming systems are local ways of organising diversity, yet the language names used by linguists are sometimes incommensurable with the lived social reality of speakers. The process of assigning language names is not neutral, trivial or objective: it is a highly political process driven and shaped by understandings of group identity, similarity and difference. Closer attention to local perspectives on language naming offers important insights into ideologies around social and linguistic differentiation. This paper draws together accounts of diverse language naming practices from across Indigenous Australia and applies a close lens to the region of western Arnhem Land. Through an examination of three groups (speakers of Bininj Kunwok, Mawng, and Burarra), we describe the range of strategies speakers use to divide up their local language ecologies, practices for naming lects, and the role of variation in the processes of differentiation. Naming practices between these groups show interesting similarities but also striking differences. We further highlight the interplay between two key processes which characterise local language naming strategies in the region: the ‘erasure’ of difference, typically from the perspective of a politically more powerful group, and the intentional creation of linguistic differentiation, or ausbau.
Advanced Base Defense Doctrine, War Plan Orange, and Preparation at Midway: Were the Marines Ready?
Authors: Fogle Joshua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Many of the books written about Midway focus on the battle itself, specifically the naval battle between the US and Japanese fleets. Most of the emphasis is placed on understanding and critiquing the decision-making of the leaders of the US and Japanese fleets and aircraft carriers. Aside from discussing the contributions of the air forces flying from Midway itself, many overlook the preparedness and contributions of the Marine defenders stationed there. Other than the occasional shelling by Japanese naval vessels, Midway was only ever attacked a single time on the morning of 4 June 1942 and never faced the invasion force the Japanese sent to take the atoll. The lack of information on the actual defenders on Midway has left unanswered the question of how prepared the Marine forces were to defend Midway from the Japanese. War Plan Orange and US leadership placed significant importance on Midway and directed the Marines to defend it. Advanced Base Defense doctrine of the time had seen significant development in the interwar years and was used when the Marines fashioned the defense of Midway. This article will examine the development of Midway as a base and the doctrine for the defense of advanced bases in effort to determine if the Marines were properly prepared to defend Midway from the Japanese.
Novel Approaches for Opaque Reconstituted Parchment
Authors: Bretzendorfer Charlotte , Pataki-Hundt Andrea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Novel approaches for reconstituted parchment from solely collagenous material are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of this infill technique are named, existing recipes which exclusively use collagenous material are analysed and modified. In a series of experiments, the possibilities to decrease or replace formaldehyde in existing recipes are explored and physical properties are investigated. As a result, two new recipes for reconstituted parchment are developed: the first one with a decreased amount of formaldehyde, the second one with potassium aluminium sulphate instead of formaldehyde. Their haptic and visual qualities are compared.
The Rule of Law as a Postcolonial Relic: The Narrative of the Polish Right
Authors: Bucholc Marta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe article discusses the use of postcolonial framing in the 2019 election agenda ofPrawo i Sprawiedliwość. The main argument is that the framing of contemporary EU-relations as a new colonial dependence is crucial for the understanding of the backsliding on the standards of the democratic rule of law in Poland. A detailed analysis of the 2019 agenda focuses on five selected components of postcolonial framing: (1) creolisation of elites; (2) mimicry; (3) hybridity; (4) subalternity; and (5) voicelessness. The discussion of findings zooms in on the ways in which the postcolonial framing of Poland’s position in the EU is being used to question the EU rule of law standards. Thus, the article makes a direct connection between framing the EU-Poland relations and the reasons offered in domestic politics to undermine the rule of law.
How did welfare attitudes change during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany? An empirical analysis using panel data
Authors: Lohmann Henning , Wang Hequn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe social and economic consequences. Governments have implemented or expanded a number of policy measures to cope with these consequences. In the paper, we ask whether there is more support for general social policy measures to compensate for the new uncertainties arising from the pandemic. Using survey data collected in two panel waves in March and June/July 2020, we analyse how public welfare attitudes have changed during the first phase of the pandemic in Germany. In addition to the individual-level survey data, we use time-varying regional data on infection and unemployment rates. We provide descriptive results and employ fixed-effects regressions. Our results show small changes in welfare attitudes, but we do not find evidence for increased public support for general social policy measures.
Construction of Preschool Education Resources under the Internet+ Background
Authors: Pang Zhaojun , Chen Juan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the environment of the increasingly rapid development of science and technology, students’ learning contents and learning methods are becoming more and more diversified. Under the informational learning scope and teaching mode, the Internet+ learning mode is being used by more and more students and teachers. Internet+ education, Internet+ learning resources, Internet+ curriculum, and other learning modes are presented to students and teachers. Information-based learning and teaching are the needs of the time and the inevitable development of society. Therefore, teachers and students should use Internet+ learning tools reasonably to improve learning efficiency. This paper investigates three aspects—teachers, the design of teaching resources, and the use of Internet+ resources—and uses a case study method to investigate several preschools in a certain region. Finally, it was concluded that the Internet+ teaching mode is quite popular nowadays and the percentage of its application in various preschools is quite high. The proportion of young teachers using the Internet is high, and the Internet teaching mode has penetrated all aspects of teaching. However, the proportion of middle-aged and older teachers using Internet tools is relatively small, so the extent and scope of their use should be greatly enhanced. The research in this paper shows that the Internet+ approach to learning and teaching can greatly enhance the discovery and summarization of teacher resources and help teachers design better learning resources. At the same time, it can help students learn better.
Increased systemic and adipose 11β-HSD1 activity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Westgate Connar S J , Markey Keira , Mitchell James L , Yiangou Andreas , Singhal Rishi , Stewart Paul , Tomlinson Jeremy W , Lavery Gareth G , Mollan Susan P , Sinclair Alexandra J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown etiology. Reductions in glucocorticoid metabolism are associated with improvements in IIH disease activity. The basal IIH glucocorticoid metabolism is yet to be assessed.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the basal glucocorticoid phenotype in IIH and assess the effects of weight loss on the IIH glucocorticoid phenotype.

Design
A retrospective case–control study and a separate exploratory analysis of a prospective randomized intervention study were carried out.

Methods
The case–control study compared female IIH patients to BMI, age, and sex-matched controls. In the randomized intervention study, different IIH patients were randomized to either a community weight management intervention or bariatric surgery, with patients assessed at baseline and 12 months. Glucocorticoid levels were determined utilizing 24-h urinary steroid profiles alongside the measurement of adipose tissue 11β-HSD1 activity.

Results
Compared to control subjects, patients with active IIH had increased systemic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) and 5α-reductase activity. The intervention study demonstrated that weight loss following bariatric surgery reduced systemic 11β-HSD1 and 5α-reductase activity. Reductions in these were associated with reduced ICP. Subcutaneous adipose tissue explants demonstrated elevated 11β-HSD1 activity compared to samples from matched controls.

Conclusion
The study demonstrates that in IIH, there is a phenotype of elevated systemic and adipose 11β-HSD1 activity in excess to that mediated by obesity. Bariatric surgery to induce weight loss was associated with reductions in 11β-HSD1 activity and decreased ICP. These data reflect new insights into the IIH phenotype and further point toward metabolic dysregulation as a feature of IIH.
Hungarian teachers' reading strategy use in mother tongue and foreign language analysed by background variables
Authors: Tary Blanka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to identify teachers' reading strategy use in L1 (mother tongue) and L2 (foreign language), and also to examine whether background variables such as gender, qualification, teaching experience, platform of teaching, reading habits, majors, L2 level and the number of L2s known make a difference in teachers' reading strategy use. Reading has been widely researched yet examining L1 and L2 reading strategy use simultaneously yielded contradicting results. Furthermore, there is little research on teachers' reading strategy use although their role in students' reading is vital. An online, anonymous questionnaire including background variables and items from MARSI was used, which was filled in by 256 teachers. Data analysis found that teachers use more reading strategies in L1 than in L2. No background variable had any significant relationship with L1 reading strategy use. Reading habits, L2 level, majors and L2s known, however, did make a difference in teachers' L2 reading strategy use. Thus it seems that L2 metalinguistic knowledge and reading habits might be important to consider when examining reading strategies.