bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of testosterone and prolactin hormones levels in erectile dysfunction patients after single oral dose of Tadalafil
Authors: Abed Hayder Hamed 
Published: April 2022

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as a consistent inability to sustain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. Tadalafil is a selective, reversible inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). When sexual stimulation causes the local release of nitric oxide, inhibition of PDE5 by tadalafil produces increased levels of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. This results in smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood into the penile tissues, thereby producing an erection.Tadalafil has no effect in the absence of sexual stimulation. Erection dysfunction could attribute abnormal levels of testosterone and prolactin levels.
Twenty Iraqi patients with different levels of ED were considered in this study treated with 20 mg. of tadalafil coated tablets. All patients considered in this study have been get erection after treatments with tadalafil. Prolactin and testosterone has been determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The evaluatedresults indicated significant decrease for prolactin (p<0.01) and significant elevation for the testosterone (p<o.ooo1). The ratio of prolactin/ testosteronewas increased after treatments.In conclusion: prolactin and testosterone hormonal levels must be considered with tadalafil treatments. Tadalafil must be not described to patients with abnormal levels of these hormones. Patients with testosterone and prolactin abnormalities need to take advice from the endocrinologist before use tadalafilwith monitoring of prolactin and testosterone levels.
A New Formulation of 99mTc-Macroagreggated Albumin (MAA) Freeze-dried Kit for Lungs Scintigraphy
Authors: Jabbar Alaa K. , Al-shami Adeeb Abass , Abdulkarim Husham M. 
Published: April 2022

A new formulation of macro aggregated albumin (MAA) to be labeled with 99mTc was prepared by a simple and fast method. The suspension of macroagreggated albumin was prepared by diluting 0.4ml human serum albumin (200mg/ml) with normal saline (sterilized and pyrogen free) Concentratedhydrochloric acid was added to denature the protein and this step was followed by the addition of tin in the form of stannite . 3.5ml of polyethylene glycol(PEG) (1mg/ml) was also added to act as antiagglomerating agent. The pH was adjusted to 5.2 with NaOH and the suspension was heated with continuousstirring to get aggregation The vials contents were allowed to react with 99mTc and high radiochemical purity was obtained (greater than 95%) after 15min. 99mTc-MAA was stable for at least six hours.The organ distribution data in mice showed that more than 93.0% of the injected dose has accumulated in the lungs with a negligible amount of radioactivity to be detected in the non target organs.The size distribution data showed that 80.0% of the particles occur in the range of 10—80μm. The freeze-dried preparation of Sn-MAA kits (sterile and pyrogen free) were stable for at least 170 day.
Colorimetric Determination of Some Drugs Containing Phenolic Group Using 3-Methyl -2- Benzothiazolinon Hydra zone Hydrochloride (MBTH)
Authors: Mubarak Sami Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

A simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable method for analysis of A methyldopa(I), levodopa (II) andcarbidopa (III) either in pure from or in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The proposed method is based on an oxidative coupling reaction with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinon hydra zone hydrochloride (MBTH) in the presence of an oxidant (Ce+4 or Fe+3) to give colored species. The resulting colors are well developed within 5 minutes at 20 ± 5°C andstable for at least 2 hours. The λmax were 517, 477 and 474 nm for I, II, both III and IV respectively. A linear correlation was found between the absorbance and the concentration. Beer's law was obeyed for concentration ranges from 1-7 mg/ml, 1- 11 mg/ml, 1-8 mg/ml and 2-24 mg/ml for I, II, III and IV, respectively. The molar absorptiveness and was calculated. The results of analysis of pure drugs by the proposed method are in good agreement with the official BP and USP methods. The results obtained showed recoveries of 99.80 ± 0.27, 100.40 ± 1.26, 99.89 ±0.21 and 99.96 ± 0.36 for I, II, III and IV, in order. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Formulation of Melatonin as a Cream and Studying the Release, Diffusion, and Stability of the Cream
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Hamadi Salim Abas , Aljaf Ashwaq Nejmelden 
Published: April 2022

The topical preparations are used to give localized effects at the site of their application by penetration of the drug into the underlying layers of the skin, mucous membranes, the cornea of the eye, nasal, rectal, vaginal or urethral mucosa. While some topical preparations are designed for the systemic absorption of drug substances in therapeutic quantities, like the transdermal drug delivery system.Melatonin is a hormone with multiple functions in human, synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in response to changes in the darkness and lightenvironment of the human. It is a powerful antioxidant and the most potent free radical scavenger known.Formulation of melatonin as a cream and studying the release and diffusion of the drug from this formula. Also evaluation the effect of temperature & storage time on the stability of melatonin in the prepared cream.Preparation of the cream base using the general method employed for the preparation of the various ointments, cream and gel bases, the fusion method.Then determination the in vitro release and diffusion of melatonin from the cream, also determination the stability of melatonin in the cream formula including the expiration date, Physical Properties, and pH of the cream.The release was increased with time, and after 6 hours, the amount of melatonin released was approximately 16.4% of the original amount of the drug, the. After 6 hours, the amount of melatonin diffused through mouse skin was 4.1% of the original amount of the drug. Arrhenius plot was utilized to predict the degradation rate constant and then the expiration date was 1.997 years. No change in the color and odor of the cream which stored at 50oC, 60oC and 70oCin a well-closed container and protected from light. Cream pH of the final product was 8.4 and after the storage period (45 days), the pH was around 8.2.The overall results of this study suggested that the prepared melatonin cream exerts its effects locally more than in a systemic way, which may increases itseffectiveness in treatment of different skin pathological conditions locally, in the future work.
In the future; it is possible to use different bases and chose the suitable one according to the study results, also enhancers, preservatives, and co-solvents could be used.
Heat generation with the use of LED curing device
Authors: Salih Shatha Abdullah 
Published: April 2022

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate heat generation with the use of LED curing device externally (on the outer surface of the tooth)& internally (inside the pulp chamber), in compares with plasma arc & conventional curing device Materials & Methods: On the buccal and palatal surface of fifteen upper extracted premolar teeth a standardized class V cavity was prepared, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the cure mode, group I cured with DentSuply (Conventional cure unit QTH), group II cured with Radii (LED cure unit) and group III cured with Flipe .( Plasma arc cure unit) .
Each group consist of 5teeth (10 cavities), and filled with (micro-hybrid resin composite), before light curing of the composite resin a thermocouple was inserted into the pulp chamber .A second thermocouple was attached on the surface of the tooth; the other end of the thermocouple was connected with anelectrical thermometer. Two reading of temperature increasing were measured. Then the difference between the initial and final temperature was recordedexternally and internally.Results: Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the LED light curing unit had the least increase in the temperature with a significant difference (P<0.001)when it was compared with plasma arc curing device externally & internally. In spite of statistically a significant difference between LED & conventional curingdevice externally (P<0.001) and the lower temperature mean was found with LED internally, no significant difference between LED & conventional curingdevice internally.Conclusion :LED light curing unit had the least increase in the temperature at the outer surface of the tooth and inside the pulp chamber.
Estimation of Selenium Level in Serum of Iraqi Thalassemic Patients After Ferritin Assay
Authors: Al-Khazraji Sundus Kh. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Selenium, a trace element with antioxidant properties, decreased in patients with blood disorders.Objective: To see if blood transfusion in those patients with thalassemia corrects the level of selenium in their blood.Materials & Methods: Seventeen patients enrolled in this small study, ten of them females and seven were males, their ages were ranged from 1.5-73 years.Ferritin and selenium levels were estimated using Mini-Vidas and atomic absorption technique respectively.Results: Decreased selenium level in both non-bloods transfused (0.33±0.17ppm) and blood transfused patients (0.30±0.24ppm) show no effect of blood transfusion on the level of this trace element.
Conclusion: Selenium supplement is the only way to elevate the level of this element in the body with some precautions of selenium toxicity. Further studieson this subject are recommended.
Partial protection of verapamil against gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Al-Kaaby Khulood S. , Arif Saad M. , Al-Sheriff Hussain Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

A number of male rats (40) were used to test the protective efficacy of verapamil a calcium channel blocker (CCB) against gentamicin nephrotoxicity.They were divided into four groups: group-1 control, giving only water, group- 2, they were administered gentamicin IP 80 mg/Kg, group-3, administeredverapamil orally 10 mg/Kg and group-4 administered gentamicin and verapamil at the same time. The period of study was 10 days.Nephrotoxicity was induced by using gentamicin for 7 days; this was evidenced by marked elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) andplasma creatinine (Pcr) when compared with control. BUN increased from 20±1.4 to 205±7 and Pcr from 0.75±0.08 to 4.2±0.3 mg/100 ml). Coadministration of verapamil with gentamicin decreased the rise in BUN and Pcr, their values reached to 90±13 and 1.5±0.9 mg/100 ml respectively.Our data suggest that supplementation of verapamil decreased the severity of acute renal failure (ARF) in rats, this supports previous studies in which CCBs offer renoprotection in ARF, the exact mechanism of this protection need further study.
Comparative Study Between Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin and Zinc in Lead induced Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Alabbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Ibraheem Mustafa M. , Ibrahim Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2022

The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin as well as zinc in combination or each one alone against the hepatic and renal toxicity of lead in male rats.Five groups of animals were allocated as follows: Group I, includes 12 rats injected subcutaneously with 0.2 ml physiological saline for 60 days; groups II and III, each includes 12 rats, injected with lead acetate 100 mg/kg/day s.c for 30 days, followed by treatment with intraperotoneal injection of physiological saline (0.2 ml) or melatonin 30mg/kg/day for the next 30 days. Group IV, include 12 rats, injected with lead acetate 100 mg/kg/day s.c for 30 days, followed by treatment with intraperotoneal injection of zinc sulphate 1.5 mg/kg/day for the next 30 days. Group V, includes 12 rats injected with 100mg/kg lead acetate s.c for 30 days followed by treatment with intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg/day melatonin and 1.5mg/kg/day zinc sulphate for the latter 30 days. At the end of treatment period, the rats were sacrificed by an overdose (100mg/kg) of thiopental (twenty-four hour after the last injection).Laparotomies were performed to obtain the livers and kidneys for the assessment of tissue damage. Oxidative stress parameter (MDA), hemoglobin content, liver and renal functions, and histological appearance of the studied organs were evaluated and compared with that of negative and positive controls.Treatment with melatonin or zinc reverses the damage induced by lead in many organs and tissues through the reduction of MDA levels in RBCs, liver and kidneys; in addition to the improvement in the indices of the functions of the organs studied.These findings demonstrated that addition of zinc to melatonin are capable of further reversing damage of rat tissues caused by successive doses of lead acetate, and animals had restored their organ functions due to combined treatment.
Protective Effect of Nigella sativa Oil against CCl4-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Ahmed Zheen Aorahman 
Published: April 2022

The role of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) (NS) was investigated in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity.Twenty four Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups (6 rats each), first and second groups received either 2m/kg normal saline or 10 ml/kg/day NS oil for seven days and sacrificed at day 8 with diethyl ether; third and fourth groups received either 2ml/kg normal saline or 10 ml/kg/day NS oil for seven days for 7 days, and on day 7 they received 2ml/kg CCL4 (1:1v/v mixture of CCL4 99% and corn oil )1 hour prior to the last dose, then sacrificed with diethyl ether on day eight. Blood samples were obtained from the hearts to prepare serum for estimation of bilirubin, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Liver tissue homogenate was prepared and used for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and liver tissue sections were prepared for histological examinations.The results indicated that NS oil decreased significantly the elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and improve the state of oxidative stress induced by CCl4.In conclusion, NS oil protects rats against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
Effect of Cottonseed Extracts on Haematological Parameters of Albino Male Mice
Authors: Ali Inaam Noori , Al-Obaidi Sabah A.R. , M-R. Fakhrildin Muhammad Baqir 
Published: April 2022

The objectives of the present study are to determine the effect of different concentrations of aqueous and oil extracts of cottonseed on haematological parameters. Groups of male mice were orally administered aqueous extract [20mg/kg/l day (G2) and 40 mg/kg/day (G3)] and other groups were administeredoil extract [20% (G5) and 40% (G6)] for six weeks.
The results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) reduction in Hb values for mice treated with 20% and 40% oil extract as compared to the control.Also, significant (P<0.05) reduction in the percentage of PCV were noticed for both concentrations of extracts as compared to the control groups. While non significant (P>0.05) differences were shown in RBC and WBC count among G5and G6 as compared to G4. Significant (P<0.05) increment in the platelet count was shown in G2, G3, G5 and G6 as compared to the control. Differential leukocyte analysis showed that a significant (P<0.05) reduction was observed inthe percentage of lymphocyte and significantly (P<0.05) increase neutrophils in G2 and G3 as compared with G1 and in G6 as compared to G4. While,monocytes (%) were significantly (P<0.05) decrease in G5 and G6 as compared to G4. However, 40mg/kg/day aqueous extract dose demonstrated a significant(P<0.05) increment in the percentage of eosinophil and basophile cells as compared to G1.
A Study of Antibacterial Activity of Cidar (Zizyphus spinachristi L.) on Bacterial Pathogens isolated from Skin Infections
Authors: Al-Bayatti Khalid K. , Aziz Fitua, M. , Abdalah Mayssaa E. 
Published: April 2022

Zizyphus spina-christi is a scientific name of a plant where its common name is Nabaq in Iraq. All parts of this plant are used by local Arab people to help maintain a healthy lifestyle. In this report, it was found that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of Zizyphus spina-christi has inhibitoryeffects at various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml) against five bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , Acinetobacter spp. ,and Enterococcus spp. isolated from skin lesions. The 25 mg/ml concentration had no effects at all on all bacterial species tested. Thehighest activity (17.67 mm) recorded was for leaves aqueous extract against Staphylococcus aureus, while the lowest activity ( 7.33 mm ) was obtained forleaves aqueous extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaves aqueous and methanolic extracts had better antimicrobial activities than seed equeous and methanolic extracts. Our results support, at least in part, the use of all parts of Zizyphus spina-christi plant as a natural antimicrobial agent in developing new drugs for treating infectious diseases in human.
Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESβL) and Klebocin Production from Klebsiella pneumoniae Local Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Kandela Nuha J. 
Published: April 2022

Ten isolates of Kebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from urine samples collected from patient suffering from UTI obtained from Education Labs / medicalcity, and Re identification according to the biochemical tests and confirmatory by Api 20 E test. Sensitivity of isolates was tested against 23 Antibiotics, resultsrevealed that isolates showed multi resistance to antibiotics ranging between (7-19) antibiotics, and all isolates of K.pneumoniae were resistant 100% to Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Amoxicillin, ,Penicillin ,Tetracyclin, Gentamycin and Amikacin, in addition the isolates showed high resistance to third generation of cephalosporines included (60)% resistance to ceftazidime and (80)% resistance to cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone . Imipenem and azteronem was found to be the most effective agents against the isolates.Detection of Beta–Lactamase by using rapid standard Iodometric assay and capillary tubes method, showed that 50% (5 isolates) of K.pneumoniae were Blactamase producing All β- lactamase- producing K.pneumoniae isolates were also tested for their ability to produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs), screening and confirmatory tests recommended by NCCLS it considered the most accurate method for detection of ESBL- producing isolates.
Determination the MICs of ESBL-producer isolates against some β-lactam antibiotics showed that five ESBL-producing K.pneumoniae isolates was highlyresistant for both ampicillin and amoxicillin. They was also resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone high MIC results from (32to >128) (32to>256)(32to>128) μg/ml respectively.Results of detection of klebocin production by klebsiella isolates showed that 20 % of them were klebocin-producers against some indicator isolates of G- andG+ bacteria.Patterns of plasmid was studies of selected isolate K. pneumoniae 6, showed its harbor two plasmid bands different in size and position.Attempts to cure plasmids was unsuccessful from the selected ESBLs and klebsin producer isolate ( K.pneumoniase 6 ), in concentration ranged from (10-100) μg/ml when we used mitomycin – C.Results of conjugation experiment revealed that genes encoding for the production of BLs, and resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime,ceftraxione and ceftazidime, were located on plasmids.
Developing e-Learning Process Network (EPN) Prototype Using ADDIE Model for College Of Pharmacy University Of Mustansiriya
Authors: Qasim Hussein Salem , Jameel Talal Talib , Khdier Saadi abas , Mahdi Tareq Nasser 
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to employee information technology to nhance learning in college of pharmacy using e-learning, in recent years, information technology has played an important role in the business field. Elearning has gained a significant popularity and it is expected to continue in the future. E-learning is a multi-dimensional activity where each dimension should be adequately supported by an E-learning system to provide a fruitful learningexperience to its users. This research introduces an E-Learning Process Network (EPN) prototype by providing College of pharmacy/university of Mustansiriyastudents with the necessary information and helps them reduce and manage the time by using Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation(ADDIE) model, after the system has been developed; it was tested by running the system. The user evaluation of the prototype was conducted on seventeen respondents (11 male, 6 female); each of them was given brief explanation regarding the usage and the user interface of the prototype. The questionnairewas adapted, covers two dimensions: usefulness and ease to use prototype, question in the dimension has a rate from 1 to 5, the Statistical Package forSocial Sciences (SPSS) version 1.3 is used to perform descriptive statistics analysis for the collected data ,the result for every dimension is higher than 4.00.
KAHOOT! Sebagai Alat Evaluasi Pembelajaran Dikombinasikan dengan Aplikasi Math: Aritgeo Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Setiani Rizky Nurul , Firmansyah Dani 
Published: April 2022

Di era pendidikan digital abad 21 ini, perkembangan teknologi sekaligus ilmu pengetahuan menuntut adanya sumber daya manusia yang handal serta kompeten di bidangnya. Perkembangan teknologi yang ada tidaklah terlepas dari perkembangan yang ada dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya matematika. Untuk mengikuti tren pembelajaran digital dibutuhkan inovasi pembelajaran yang baru maupun dengan pengembangan yang disesuaikan dengan latar belakang peserta didik maupun kepribadiannya demi menunjang kreativitas belajar matematika peserta didik. Disini akan digunakan media penunjang pembelajaran untuk materi barisan dan deret aritmatika yaitu aplikasi berbasis android Math:AritGeo untuk selanjutnya akan dievaluasi guru dengan menggunakan platform kahoot! yaitu pemberian tes berupa soal pilihan ganda, puzzle dan soal open-ended. Pengambilan sampel dikategorikan menjadi kelompok yang menyukai matematika, biasa saja dengan matematika, dan tidak menyukai matematika. Pengambilan kategori berdasarkan angket yang disebarkan dan diisi oleh siswa kelas XI SMA tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yang menjalani kegiatan study from home. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi aplikasi Math:AritGeo serta kahoot! dapat dijadikan pilihan yang memudahkan dan tidak membuat siswa bosan selama kegiatan pembelajaran di rumah dalam usaha pemerintah memutus rantai covid-19. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen butir soal dan instrumen angket. Analisis data menggunakan teknik mix method secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi Math:AritGeo mendapat respon sangat baik dengan presentase 95% serta kahoot! juga mendapatkan respon positif dengan rata-rata hasil nilai evaluasi siswa 90.