bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsational instability of pre-main-sequence models from accreting protostars
Authors: Steindl T. , Zwintz K. , Müllner M. 
Published: June 2022

Context. The physics of early stellar evolution (e.g. accretion processes) is often not properly included in the calculations of pre-main-sequence models, leading to insufficient model grids and hence systematic errors in the results.
Aims. We aim to investigate current and improved approaches for the asteroseismic modelling of pre-main-sequence δ Scuti stars.
Methods. We calculated an extensive grid of pre-main-sequence models including the early accretion phase and used the resulting equilibrium models as input to calculate theoretical frequency spectra. These spectra were used to investigate different approaches in modelling echelle diagrams to find the most reliable methods. By applying Petersen diagrams, we present a simple algorithm to extract echelle diagrams from observed pulsation frequencies.
Results. We show that model grids with insufficient input physics and imperfect modelling approaches lead to underestimated uncertainties and systematic errors in the extracted stellar parameters. Our re-discussion of HD 139614 leads to different stellar parameters than the ones derived by Murphy et al. (2021, MNRAS, 502, 1633). We performed a model comparison between this previous investigation and our results by applying the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. While the results with regard to our ten-dimensional model are inconclusive, they show (very) strong evidence of a six-dimensional model with fixed accretion parameters (leading to almost identical stellar parameters to those of the ten-dimensional model) to be preferred over the model applied by Murphy et al. (2021, MNRAS, 502, 1633). In general, our modelling approach can provide narrow constraints on the stellar parameters (i.e. ΔR ∼ 0.05 R⊙, Δlog g ≲ 0.01, and ΔM⋆ ∼ 0.1 M⊙).
Conclusions. The extensively tested modelling approaches and automatic extraction of echelle diagrams should allow us to study many more pre-main-sequence δ Scuti stars in the future and lead to reliable stellar parameters.
System equivalent flux density of Stokes I, Q, U, and V of a polarimetric interferometer
Authors: Sutinjo A. T. , Ung D. C. X. , Sokolowski M. 
Published: June 2022

Aims. We present the system equivalent flux density (SEFD) expressions for all four Stokes parameters: I, Q, U, and V.
Methods. The expressions were derived based on our derivation of SEFD I (for Stokes I) and subsequent extensions of that work to phased array and multipole interferometers. The key to the derivation of the SEFD Q, U, and V expressions is to recognize that the noisy estimates of Q, U, and V can be written as the trace of a matrix product. This shows that the SEFD I is a special case, where the general case involves a diagonal or anti-diagonal 2 × 2 matrix interposed in the matrix multiplication. Following this step, the relation between the SEFD for I as well as Q, U, and V immediately becomes evident.
Results. We present example calculations for a crossed dipole based on the formulas derived and the comparison between simulation and observation using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA).
Differenzierte Therapiestrategie bei Lebermetastasen gastro-entero-pankreatischer Neuroendokriner Neoplasien
Authors: Mogl Martina T. , Öllinger Robert , Jann Henning , Gebauer Bernhard , Fehrenbach Uli , Amthauer Holger , Wetz Christoph , Schmelzle Moritz , Raschzok Nathanael , Krenzien Felix , Goretzki Peter E. , Pratschke Johann , Schoening Wenzel 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungNeuroendokrine Neoplasien (NEN) bilden eine heterogene Gruppe maligner Tumoren, die überwiegend dem gastro-entero-pankreatischen System (GEP) zuzuordnen sind. Hierbei sind Dünndarm und
Pankreas die häufigsten Organe für Primärtumoren, die Leber stellt den dominanten Metastasierungsort dar. Da viele Patient*innen lange asymptomatisch bleiben, führen oftmals zufällig
diagnostizierte Lebermetastasen oder ein Ileus zur Diagnose. Die einzige kurative Therapieoption stellt die komplette Entfernung von Primarius und Metastasen dar. Besonders im Falle der
metastasierten Erkrankung sollten die vorhandenen Therapieoptionen immer im interdisziplinären Tumorboard mit Spezialisten*innen aus Gastroenterologie, (Leber-)Chirurgie, Radiologie,
Nuklearmedizin, Radiotherapie, Pathologie und Endokrinologie evaluiert werden. Durch die Kombination der verschiedenen Therapieverfahren kann auch für Patient*innen mit fortgeschrittener
Erkrankung eine jahrelange Prognose bei guter Lebensqualität erreicht werden. Wichtig für die Therapieentscheidung sind neben patientenindividuellen Faktoren der Differenzierungsgrad des
Tumors, dessen hormonelle Sekretion, das Metastasierungsmuster und der Erkrankungsverlauf. Die Behandlung von Lebermetastasen umfasst neben den unterschiedlichen chirurgischen Strategien die
lokal-ablativen radiologischen und nuklearmedizinischen Verfahren, die als Ergänzung zu den systemischen Therapien zur Verfügung stehen.
Risk scoring system for the preprocedural prediction of the clinical failure of peroral endoscopic myotomy: a multicenter case–control study
Authors: Abe Hirofumi , Tanaka Shinwa , Sato Hiroki , Shimamura Yuto , Okada Hiroki , Shiota Junya , Sato Chiaki , Sakae Hiroyuki , Ominami Masaki , Hata Yoshitaka , Fukuda Hisashi , Ogawa Ryo , Nakamura Jun , Tatsuta Tetsuya , Ikebuchi Yuichiro , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Inoue Haruhiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is effective for the management of achalasia and its variants; however, it can be ineffective in some patients. We aimed to develop and validate a risk scoring system to predict the clinical failure of POEM preoperatively.
Methods Consecutive patients who underwent POEM in 14 high volume centers between 2010 and 2020 were enrolled in this study. Clinical failure was defined as an Eckardt score of ≥ 4 or retreatment. A risk scoring system to predict the short-term clinical failure of POEM was developed using multivariable logistic regression and internally validated using bootstrapping and decision curve analysis.
Results Of the 2740 study patients, 112 (4.1 %) experienced clinical failure 6 months after POEM. Risk scores were assigned for three preoperative factors as follows: preoperative Eckardt score (1 point), manometric diagnosis (−4 points for type II achalasia), and a history of prior treatments (1 point for pneumatic dilation or 12 points for surgical/endoscopic myotomy). The discriminative capacity (concordance statistics 0.68, 95 %CI 0.62–0.72) and calibration (slope 1.15, 95 %CI 0.87–1.40) were shown. Decision curve analysis demonstrated its clinical usefulness. Patients were categorized into low (0–8 points; estimated risk of clinical failure < 5 %) and high risk (9–22 points; ≥ 5 %) groups. The proportions of clinical failure for the categories were stratified according to the mid-term outcomes (log-rank test, P < 0.001).
Conclusions This risk scoring system can predict the clinical failure of POEM preoperatively and provide useful information when making treatment decisions.
Potential Contribution of Ultrasonography Assistance for the Safe and Steady Procedure of Endoscopic Intracerebral Hematoma Evacuation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kitamura Yuki , Kawaguchi Tomohiro , Uchida Hiroki , Endo Hidenori , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Endoscopic hematoma evacuation is one of the most promising procedures for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to avoid severe outcomes, such as death or dependency. However, the effect of the procedure on the functional outcome remains controversial. Thus, standardization and sophistication are required to enhance the surgical results. This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of ultrasonography (US) in endoscopic hematoma evacuation.
methods This study included 39 consecutive patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH who underwent endoscopic hematoma evacuation between April 2019 and July 2021. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, surgery with or without US assistance. Rebleeding and evacuation rate were set as the primary endpoints, and operation time, requirement for repeat puncture, and modified Rankin scale at discharge were set as the secondary endpoints. During surgery, the burr hole was placed, and the dura mater was widely opened. The US probe was applied on the brain surface via the burr hole to detect the depth and direction of the hematoma cavity. With US assistance, the hematoma cavity was punctured with a cannula, and the transparent port was introduced into the hematoma cavity along the tract. The hematoma was gently evacuated with the irrigation–suction instrument.
Results Of the 39 cases, 9 underwent endoscopic hematoma evacuation with US assistance. Rebleeding was noted in 0 and 2 (6.7%) patients with and without US assistance, respectively (p = 0.43). The mean hematoma evacuation rates were 78.6 and 80.6% in patients with and without US assistance, respectively (p = 0.80). In all cases with US assistance, the cavity could be reached with a single tap. However, repeat puncture was required in 20 (66.7%) cases without US assistance (p = 0.04). In one case, an unexpected residual hematoma was detected using US, which was applied after hematoma evacuation and before wound closure. The operation time was not extended even if US was used during the surgery.
Conclusions US-assisted hematoma evacuation is an effective procedure that can assist in the precise insertion of the puncture cannula and exclusion of the residual hematoma. US might contribute toward improving the accuracy of each step of the procedure, thus leading to better clinical outcomes.
Physician Electronic Health Record Usage as Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ruan Elise , Beiser Moshe , Lu Vivian , Paul Soaptarshi , Ni Jason , Nazar Nijas , Liu Jianyou , Kim Mimi , Epstein Eric , Keller Marla , Kitsis Elizabeth , Tomer Yaron , Jariwala Sunit P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives To utilize metrics from physician action logs to analyze volume, physician efficiency and burden as impacted by telemedicine implementation during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, and physician characteristics such as gender, years since graduation, and specialty category.
Methods We selected 11 metrics from Epic Signal, a functionality of the Epic electronic health record (EHR). Metrics measuring time spent in the EHR outside working hours were used as a correlate for burden. We performed an analysis of these metrics among active physicians at our institution across three time periods—prepandemic and telehealth implementation (August 2019), postimplementation of telehealth (May 2020), and follow-up (July 2020)—and correlated them with physician characteristics.
Results Analysis of 495 physicians showed that after the start of the pandemic, physicians overall had fewer appointments per day, higher same day visit closure rates, and spent less time writing notes in the EHR outside 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. on patient scheduled days. Across all three time periods, male physicians had better EHR-defined “efficiency” measures and spent less time in the EHR outside working hours. Years since graduation only had modest associations with higher same day visit closure rates and appointments per day in May 2020. Specialty category was significantly associated with appointments per day and same day closure visit rates and also was a significant factor in the observed changes seen across the three time periods.
Conclusion Utilizing EHR-generated reports may provide a scalable and nonintrusive way to monitor trends in physician usage and experience to help guide health systems in increasing productivity and reducing burnout.
A diachronic corpus-driven study of fansubbing
Authors: Taghavi Morteza , Bahraman Mostafa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhat is of interest here is whether subtitling community in a country changes over time. Particularly, by taking a diachronic approach to AVT, the present paper attempts to investigate the degree of conformity of Iranian fansubbers to professional subtitle presentation standards to see if any change has happened in the behavior and characteristics of Iranian fansubbing community over time. To this end, we developed a diachronic corpus of subtitles consisting of 50 films belonging to 2008 and 2018, a decade later, to gauge variations (violations) from a set of standards. The findings suggest that generally fansubbers, although possibly unconsciously, show a higher degree of conformity to professional subtitle presentation standards over time. Concludingly, the fan AVT in Iran, in the corpus under investigation, has evolved in terms of professionalism. Finally, the changes seen in the community can call for some possible modifications required to update or revise the present standards.
Electron impact excitation of the Tl
+
ion: resonance and cascade transitions
Authors: Roman Viktoria , Gomonai Aleksandr I , Sharma Lalita , Sahoo Aloka Kumar , Gomonai Anna N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Results of experimental and theoretical investigations into the electron-impact excitation of the resonance

6
s
6

p

1

P
1

°

→ 6s
2
1
S
0 (132.2 nm), as well as the cascade 6s7s
1
S
0 →

6
s
6

p

1

P
1

°

(309.2 nm) and 6p
2
1
D
2 →

6
s
6

p

1

P
1

°

(150.8 nm) spectral transitions from the ground 6s
2
1
S
0 level in the thallium ion, are presented. Crossed beams of electrons and Tl+ ions in combination with a spectroscopic method were used in the experiment. Measured cross sections have a distinct resonance structure arising mainly from the electron decay of atomic 5d
96s
26p
2, 5d
106s7s(1
S)np (n ⩾ 7), 5d
106s6d(1
D)np (n ⩾ 6), 5d
106s6d(1
D)nd (n ⩾ 6) and ionic 5d
96s
2
np, 5d
96s
2
nd, 5d
96snp (n ⩾ 6) autoionizing levels, as well as radiative transitions from the higher 6s7s
1
S
0, 6s6d
1
D
2, and 6p
2
1
D
2, 1
S
0 ionic levels. Relativistic distorted wave (RDW) calculations are performed to obtain the effective cross sections for the above transitions. The absolute values of the cross sections are found to be 1.39 × 10−16 cm2 at 300 eV for the λ132.2 nm resonance line, and 0.11 × 10−16 cm2 and 0.56 × 10−16 cm2 at 100 eV for the λ309.2 nm and λ150.8 nm lines, respectively. The contribution of the cascade transitions being studied to the effective cross section of the λ132.2 nm resonance line at the energy of 100 eV is about 30%. A calculation using the semi-empirical Van Regemorter formula is also performed to obtain the effective cross section of the resonance λ132.2 nm line. The absolute value of the cross section at 300 eV is found to be nearly the same as that given by the RDW calculation.
Modelling and experimental evidence of the cathode erosion in a plasma spray torch
Authors: Baeva M , Benilov M S , Zhu T , Testrich H , Kewitz T , Foest R 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The lifetime of tungsten cathodes used in plasma spray torches is limited by processes leading to a loss of cathode material. It was reported in the literature that the mechanism of their erosion is the evaporation. A model of the ionization layer of a cathode is developed to study the diffusive transport of evaporated tungsten atoms and tungsten ions produced due to ionization by electron impact in a background argon plasma. It is shown that the Stefan–Maxwell equations do not reduce to Fick law as one could expect for the transport of diluted species, which is due to significant diffusion velocities of argon ions. The ionization of tungsten atoms occurs in a distance of a few micrometers from the cathode surface and leads to a strong sink, which increases the net flux of tungsten atoms far beyond that obtained in absence of tungsten ions. This shows that the tungsten ions are driven by the electric field towards the cathode resulting in no net diffusive flux and no removal of tungsten species from the ionization layer even if convection is accounted for. A possible mechanism of removal is found by extending the model to comprise an anode. The extended model resolves the inter-electrode region and provides the plasma parameters for a current density corresponding to the value at the center of the cathode under typical arc currents of 600 A and 800 A. The presence of the anode causes a reversal of the electric field on the anode side, which pulls the ions away from the ionization layer of the cathode. The net flux of tungsten ions can be further fortified by convection. This model allows one to evaluate the loss of cathode material under realistic operating conditions in a quantitative agreement with measured values.
Propagation dynamics of the solid–liquid interface in Ge upon ns and fs laser irradiation
Authors: Casquero Noemi , Ruiz de Galarreta Carlota , Fuentes-Edfuf Yasser , Solis Javier , Wright C David , Siegel Jan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Monitoring the laser-induced melting and solidification dynamics of Ge upon laser irradiation is an enormous challenge due to the short penetration depth of its liquid phase. In this work, real-time pump-probe experiments in combination with finite element calculations have been employed to investigate the melting and solidification dynamics of germanium upon ns and fs laser pulse irradiation (λ = 800 nm). Excellent agreement between experiments and simulations allowed us to indirectly determine additional time- and depth-dependent information about the transformation dynamics of germanium, including the thickness evolution of the molten layer, as well as its melting and solidification velocities for the two pulse durations for different fluences. Our results reveal considerable differences in the maximum thickness of the molten Ge superficial layers at sub-ablative fluences for ns and fs pulses, respectively. Maximum melt-in velocities of 39 m s−1 were obtained for ns pulses at high fluences, compared to non-thermal melting of a thin layer within 300 fs for fs pulses already at moderate fluences. Maximum solidification velocities were found to be 16 m s−1 for ns pulses, and up to 55 m s−1 for fs pulses. Weak signs of amorphization were observed for fs excitation, suggesting that the lower limit of solidification velocities for a complete amorphization is above 55 m s−1. In addition, we show high precision measurements of the melt-in velocities over the first 20 nm by means of fs microscopy with sub-ps temporal resolution. Here, differences of the melt-in process of several orders of magnitude were observed, ranging from virtually instantaneous melting within less than 2 ps even for a moderate peak fluence up to 200 ps for fluences close to the melting threshold.
Effect of nanodisperse powders on the spreading and crystallization of a metal drop on a porous substrate
Authors: Cherepanov A N , Cherepanova V K , Bublik V V 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The influence of modifying nanopowders on the spreading and crystallization of a nickel droplet on a porous steel substrate is analyzed. For this purpose, a model has been developed for the spreading of a drop of liquid metal after its high-speed collision with a heated porous substrate. Due to the high impact velocity, the process of metal crystallization is considered after the complete spreading of the drop using the model of heterogeneous nucleation and macroscopic growth of the solid phase, taking into account the size and capillary effects. The influence of the impact velocity and substrate porosity on the thickness and diameter of the formed splat, the penetration depth, and the volume of liquid that penetrated the substrate has been studied. The numerical study of heterogeneous crystallization of a metal drop has made it possible to evaluate the influence of the modifying nanoparticle parameters, the impact velocity, and substrate porosity on the heterogeneous nucleation and on the resulting splat macrostructure.
Radiation exposure to the lens of the eye for Japanese nuclear power plant workers
Authors: Yokoyama Sumi , Tatsuzaki Hideo , Tanimura Yoshihiko , Yoshitomi Hiroshi , Hirao Shigekazu , Aoki Katsunori , Tachiki Shuichi , Ezaki Iwao , Hoshi Katsuya , Tsujimura Norio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In Japan, the radiation-dose limit for the lens of the eye was revised in April 2021. Consequently, for workers, the numerical values of the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye are equal to those of the effective dose. Radiation workers, radiation safety officers and licensees must comply with regulations related to radiation protection and optimize protection. The new guidelines on dose monitoring of the lens of the eye developed by the Japan Health Physics Society recommend for the dose to be estimated near the eye for accurate estimation, when the dose to the lens approaches or exceeds the management criteria. However, there is limited information regarding the non-uniform exposure of nuclear power plant workers. In this study, the dose equivalents of high-dose-rate workplaces and the personal doses of 88 workers were estimated at four Japanese commercial nuclear power plant sites (RWR: 3 units and BWR: 3 units) and the dose to the lens of the eye and the exposure situations of the workers were analyzed.
ESDDNet: efficient small defect detection network of workpiece surface
Authors: Chen Guodong , Xu Feng , Liu Guihua , Chen ChunMei , Liu Manlu , Zhang Jing , Niu Xiaoming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Defect detection of a workpiece surface is a basic and essential task in the production of products. Although significant progress has been made in workpiece surface defect detection, traditional methods still find it difficult to detect small defects efficiently. To deal with this problem, we propose an efficient small defect detection network with a novel parallel convolution module, serial convolution module and feature fusion module. First, a lightweight backbone network is used to extract the preliminary defect features. Second, the parallel convolution module and serial convolution module are used to obtain the abundant defect features. Then, the feature fusion module is used to fuse the shallow features with deep features, to enhance the features of the small defects. Finally, the obtained features are put into the corresponding detection head to get the final prediction results. The experimental results on a local cable dataset and a public printed circuit board dataset show that our method achieves a remarkable performance in detecting small defects and achieves a favorable trade-off between accuracy, speed and model size, which meets the requirements of industrial applications.
Mechanical health indicator construction and similarity remaining useful life prediction based on natural language processing model
Authors: Duan Yuhang , Li Honghui , Zhang Ning 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction, as an essential task for prediction and health management, can improve the reliability of degradation systems. In this paper, multi-dimensional mechanical monitoring readings are treated as natural language sequences and inputted to a natural language processing model, Transformer, to extract semantic compression vectors. The health indicators (HIs) are constructed from the changes of compressed semantic vectors during the mechanical system operation, reflecting the mechanical health status at each monitoring point. Subsequently, combined with the similarity matching method, the RUL prediction is achieved by weighted summation. Transformer mainly consists of attention layers and residual connection layers, which contain no recurrence and convolution. The attention layer can highlight the critical time step information during the HI construction. Moreover, the output of different time steps can be obtained simultaneously in a parallel computation manner. The proposed scheme is conducted on two publicly available datasets for experimental and evaluation metrics comparison. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve competitive prediction results, with some of the metrics reaching the highest. An autoencoder only containing attention mechanism can effectively extract degradation feature representations for the adaptive construction of unsupervised HIs.