bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time experience in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders
Authors: Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi , Thomaßen Theresa , Pott Frederike , Flasbeck Vera , Steinfath Holmer , Juckel Georg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe experience of time, or the temporal order of external and internal events, is essential for humans. In psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, impairment of time processing has been discussed for a long time.AimsIn this explorative pilot study, therefore, the subjective time feeling as well as objective time perception were determined in patients with depression and schizophrenia, along with possible neurobiological correlates.MethodsDepressed (n = 34; 32.4 ± 9.8 years; 21 men) and schizophrenic patients (n = 31; 35.1 ± 10.7 years; 22 men) and healthy subjects (n = 33; 32.8 ± 14.3 years; 16 men) were tested using time feeling questionnaires, time perception tasks and critical flicker-fusion frequency (CFF) and loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) to determine serotonergic neurotransmission.ResultsThere were significant differences between the three groups regarding time feeling and also in time perception tasks (estimation of given time duration) and CFF (the “DOWN” condition). Regarding the LDAEP, patients with schizophrenia showed a significant negative correlation to time experience in terms of a pathologically increased serotonergic neurotransmission with disturbed time feeling.ConclusionsImpairment of time experience seems to play an important role in depression and schizophrenia, both subjectively and objectively, and novel neurobiological correlates have been uncovered. It is suggested, therefore, that alteration of experience of time should be increasingly included in the current psychopathological findings.
Autophagy takes it all – autophagy inducers target immune aging
Authors: Zinecker Heidi , Simon Anna Katharina 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTAutophagy, as the key nutrient recycling pathway, enables eukaryotic cells to adapt to surging cellular stress during aging and, thereby, delays age-associated deterioration. Autophagic flux declines with age and, in turn, decreases in autophagy contribute to the aging process itself and promote senescence. Here, we outline how autophagy regulates immune aging and discuss autophagy-inducing interventions that target senescent immune cells, which are major drivers of systemic aging. We examine how cutting-edge technologies, such as single-cell omics methods hold the promise to capture the complexity of molecular and cellular phenotypes associated with aging, driving the development of suitable putative biomarkers and clinical bioassays. Finally, we debate the urgency to initiate large-scale human clinical trials. We give special preference to small molecule probes and to dietary interventions that can extend healthy lifespan and are affordable for most of the world's population.
Cooperative regulation of adherens junction expansion through epidermal growth factor receptor activation
Authors: Fu Chaoyu , Arora Aditya , Engl Wilfried , Sheetz Michael , Viasnoff Virgile 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The mechanisms controlling the dynamics of expansion of adherens junctions are significantly less understood than those controlling their static properties. Here, we report that for suspended cell aggregates, the time to form a new junction between two cells speeds up with the number of junctions that the cells are already engaged in. Upon junction formation, the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) distally affects the actin turnover dynamics of the free cortex of the cells. The ‘primed’ actin cortex results in a faster expansion of the subsequent new junctions. In such aggregates, we show that this mechanism results in a cooperative acceleration of the junction expansion dynamics (kinetype) but does not alter the cell contractility, and hence the final junction size (phenotype).
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The effects of posture on the three-dimensional gait mechanics of human walking in comparison with walking in bipedal chimpanzees
Authors: Johnson Russell T. , O'Neill Matthew C. , Umberger Brian R. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Humans walk with an upright posture on extended limbs during stance and with a double-peaked vertical ground reaction force. Our closest living relatives, chimpanzees, are facultative bipeds that walk with a crouched posture on flexed, abducted hind limbs and with a single-peaked vertical ground reaction force. Differences in human and bipedal chimpanzee three-dimensional (3D) kinematics have been well quantified, yet it is unclear what the independent effects of using a crouched posture are on 3D gait mechanics for humans, and how they compare with chimpanzees. Understanding the relationships between posture and gait mechanics, with known differences in morphology between species, can help researchers better interpret the effects of trait evolution on bipedal walking. We quantified pelvis and lower limb 3D kinematics and ground reaction forces as humans adopted a series of upright and crouched postures and compared them with data from bipedal chimpanzee walking. Human crouched-posture gait mechanics were more similar to that of bipedal chimpanzee gait than to normal human walking, especially in sagittal plane hip and knee angles. However, there were persistent differences between species, as humans walked with less transverse plane pelvis rotation, less hip abduction, and greater peak anterior–posterior ground reaction force in late stance than chimpanzees. Our results suggest that human crouched-posture walking reproduces only a small subset of the characteristics of 3D kinematics and ground reaction forces of chimpanzee walking, with the remaining differences likely due to the distinct musculoskeletal morphologies of humans and chimpanzees.
How harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) encode goals relative to landmarks
Authors: Maaß Eric , Hanke Frederike D. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Visual landmarks are defined as objects with prominent shape or size that distinguish themselves from the background. With the help of landmarks, animals can orient themselves in their natural environment. Yet, the way in which landmarks are perceived and encoded has previously only been described in insects, fish, birds, reptiles and terrestrial mammals. The present study aimed to provide insight into how a marine mammal, the harbour seal, encodes goals relative to landmarks. In our expansion test, three harbour seals were trained to find a goal inside an array of landmarks. After diagonal, horizontal or vertical expansion of the landmark array, the search behaviour displayed by the animals was documented and analyzed regarding the underlying encoding strategy. The harbour seals mainly encoded directional vector information from landmarks and did neither search arbitrarily around a landmark nor used a rule-based approach. Depending on the number of landmarks available within the array, the search behaviour of some harbor seals changed, indicating flexibility in landmark-based search. Our results present the first insight into how a semi-aquatic predator could encode landmark information when swimming along the coastline in search of a goal location.
Synthesis, Structures, and Equilibrium Reactions of La(III) and Ba(II) Complexes with Pyridine Phosphonate Pendant Arms on a Diaza-18-crown-6 Ether
Authors: Baba Kazuaki , Nagata Kojiro , Yajima Tatsuo , Yoshimura Takashi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Structures of La(III) and Ba(II) complexes and their stabilities were investigated to develop a stable chelating ligand for Ac(III) and Ra(II) which are of interest in nuclear medicine using alpha particles. The La(III) and Ba(II) complexes (1 and 2) with a diaza-18-crown-6 ether bearing pyridine phosphonic acid ethyl ester pendant arms (L1) and the complexes (3 and 4) with a diaza-18-crown-6 ether bearing pyridine phosphonate pendant arms ((H2L2)2−) were synthesized and characterized. The structures of the new complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The La(III) complexes, 1 and 3, exhibited 11-coordinate structures, whereas the Ba(II) complexes, 2 and 4 exhibited 11- and 10-coordinate geometries, respectively. Potentiometric titrations were performed to determine the acid–base equilibrium and the complex formation constants of the La(III) and Ba(II) complexes. In addition, the speciation analysis of the complexes was performed and the pH dependencies of the fractions in the aqueous solutions were investigated. For the La(III) complexes, the species with the ligand bearing pyridine phosphonate pendant arms were observed to be more stable than those with the ligand bearing pyridine phosphonate ester pendant arms. The Ba(II) complexes showed the opposite trend. The species with the pyridine phosphonate ester ligand were observed to be more stable than the species with the pyridine phosphonate type ligand.
Antiferromagnetic Ground State of Molecular π-d System λ-(BEDT-STF)2FeCl4 Studied by Site-selective Magnetization and Thermodynamic Measurements
Authors: Fukuoka Shuhei , Kawamoto Atsushi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Organic conductors consisting of donor and anion molecules provide various important study fields such as superconductivity and electron correlation. π electrons are responsible for the emergence of these phenomena. On the other hand, the coexistent systems of π electrons and localized 3d spins have been realized by introducing magnetic anions. Such coexistent systems are called π-d systems. In π-d systems, various fascinating magnetic and conducting phenomena are observed due to the coupling of π electrons and localized 3d electrons (π-d interaction). One of the most striking phenomena is magnetic field-induced superconductivity, which is first observed in λ-(BETS)2FeCl4, where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene. On the other hand, λ-(BETS)2FeCl4 shows a metal-insulator transition accompanying an antiferromagnetic ordering at TN of 8.3 K and the unconventional antiferromagnetic state that 3d spins behave as if they stay paramagnetic even below TN. These phenomena are also considered to be caused by the π-d interaction, but their mechanisms have not been demonstrated.
Recently, a new λ-type π-d system of λ-(BEDT-STF)2FeCl4, where BEDT-STF is bis(ethylenedithio)dithiadiselenafulvalene, has been developed. In this review, the influence of bandwidth control by donor substitution and the dilution effect of magnetic ions on the magnetic properties of the π-d system will be discussed. We will demonstrate that site-selective magnetization measurements by 13C NMR and 57Fe Mössbauer measurements and heat capacity measurements provide important information to understand the mechanism of unconventional magnetic properties in π-d systems. We would also like to introduce the advantages of the 13C NMR measurements using one-sided-13C-enriched donor molecules, which are the key technique in our experiments.
Liquid Bisazobenzenes as Molecular Solar Thermal Fuel with Enhanced Energy Density
Authors: Morikawa Masa-aki , Yamanaka Yuta , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Liquid molecular solar thermal fuels containing m-bisazobenzene units are newly developed. Efficient E-Z photoisomerization was observed both in solutions and in neat liquids, with the thermal stability of Z isomers comparable to those of azobenzene derivatives. The heat storage capacities of liquid m-bisazobenzenes (230–262 J/g) are larger than that previously reported for a liquid azobenzene solar thermal fuel (168 J/g). This work provides a new design guideline for enhancing gravimetric energy density in condensed molecular solar thermal fuels.
Standalone portable xenon-129 hyperpolariser for multicentre clinical magnetic resonance imaging of the lungs
Authors: Norquay Graham , Collier Guilhem J , Rodgers Oliver I , Gill Andrew B , Screaton Nicholas J , Wild Jim 
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Design and build a portable xenon-129 (129Xe) hyperpolariser for clinically accessible 129Xe lung MRI.

Methods
The polariser system consists of six main functional components: (i) a laser diode array and optics; (ii) a B0 coil assembly; (iii) an oven containing an optical cell; (iv) NMR and optical spectrometers; (v) a gas-handling manifold; and (vi) a cryostat within a permanent magnet. All components run without external utilities such as compressed air or three-phase electricity, and require just three mains sockets for operation. The system can be manually transported in a lightweight van and rapidly installed on a small estates footprint in a hospital setting.

Results
The polariser routinely provides polarised 129Xe for routine clinical lung MRI. To test the concept of portability and rapid deployment, it was transported 200 km, installed at a hospital with no previous experience with the technology and 129Xe MR images of a diagnostic quality were acquired the day after system transport and installation.

Conclusion
This portable 129Xe hyperpolariser system could form the basis of a cost-effective platform for wider clinical dissemination and multicentre evaluation of 129Xe lung MR imaging.

Advances in knowledge
Our work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of multicentre clinical 129Xe MRI with a portable hyperpolariser system.
Η απανθρακοποίηση ως μία κοινωνικο-οικολογική διευθέτηση
Authors: Krommyda Vasiliki , Gialis Stelios , Stratigea Anastasia 
Published: January 2022

Στο άρθρο προσεγγίζονται κριτικά οι διαδικασίες ενεργειακής μετάβασης υπό το αναλυτικό πρίσμα των «κοινωνικο-οικολογικών παγιώσεων/διευθετήσεων», ενώ συζητιούνται οι εγγενείς αντιφάσεις τους και η αναγκαιότητα εμπλοκής του κόσμου της εργασίας στα υπό διαμόρφωση ενεργειακά τοπία. Με επιρροές από τη Γεωγραφική Πολιτική Οικονομία και αξιοποιώντας παραδείγματα τριών κεντρικών περιφερειών της ΕΕ, μελετάται το σκεπτικό πίσω από τις πολιτικές απανθρακοποίησης και οι επιπτώσεις στην εργασία. Ακολούθως, προσεγγίζεται κριτικά η επιχειρούμενη μετάβαση στη Δυτική Μακεδονία, ενώ επισημαίνεται ο κίνδυνος απώλειας χιλιάδων θέσεων εργασίας και αύξησης της εργασιακής επισφάλειας. Βασικό εύρημα είναι το ότι επιχειρείται μία νέα «κοινωνικο-οικολογική διευθέτηση», που στερείται βασικών προϋποθέσεων μιας «δίκαιης μετάβασης».
ContactJ: Characterization of lipid droplet-mitochondrial contacts using fluorescence microscopy and image analysis
Authors: Martín Gemma , Bosch Marta , Coll Elisenda , Parton Robert G. , Pol Albert , Calvo Maria 
Published: January 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) are the major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotic cells and together with mitochondria key regulators of cell bioenergetics. LDs communicate with mitochondria and other organelles forming “metabolic synapse” contacts to ensure that lipid supply occurs where and when necessary. Although transmission electron microscopy analysis allows an accurate and precise analysis of contacts, the characterization of a large number of cells and conditions can become a long-term process. In order to extend contact analysis to hundreds of cells and multiple conditions, we have combined confocal fluorescence microscopy with advanced image analysis methods. In this work, we have developed the ImageJ macro script ContactJ, a novel and straight image analysis method to identify and quantify contacts between LD and mitochondria in fluorescence microscopy images allowing the automatic analysis. This image analysis workflow combines colocalization and skeletonization methods, enabling the quantification of LD-mitochondria contacts together with a complete characterization of organelles and cellular parameters. The correlation and normalization of these parameters contribute to the complex description of cell behavior under different experimental energetic states. ContactJ is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5810874
Roles and Problems of Stroke Caregivers: A Qualitative Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Muhrodji Paryono , Wicaksono Hendrawan Dian Agung , Satiti Sekar , Trisnantoro Laksono , Setyopranoto Ismail , Vidyanti Amelia Nur 
Published: January 2022

Background: Caregivers play a central role in post-stroke patients' care. However, the role of and problems managed by caregivers have not been widely studied, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the roles and problems of caregivers in post- stroke patients’ care. Method: This was a qualitative study. Seven caregivers of post-stroke patients from the homecare clinic of Dr Sardjito General Hospital were purposely selected during January 2017 to June 2018. Focus group discussions were conducted to explore the roles and problems of caregiving. Results: Themes related to caregivers’ roles were: connecting patients with medical personnel and other family members, maintaining patients’ health conditions by fulfilling basic needs and assisting rehabilitation, as well as maintaining patients’ psychological conditions by encouraging conversation, telling jokes, or recreation. On the other hand, themes related to caregivers’ problems were: lack of knowledge caused by education inadequacy, underappreciated and unconcerned family, suboptimal service including limited physiotherapy and pharmacy resource, unthorough administration, lack of communication, physical limitations, and burnout, as well as uncooperative patients. Conclusions: Caregivers play essential roles as communicators and help to maintain patient's health conditions. Common problems are related to a lack of knowledge about strokes and a lack of attention from family. Further research to study the effects of these findings on the quality of life of both patient and their caregiver, as well as how to handle the caregiver issues should be investigated.
Association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) patterns and mortality: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Koome Gilbert , Thuita Faith , Egondi Thaddaeus , Atela Martin 
Published: January 2022

Background: Low and medium income countries (LMICs) such as Kenya experience nearly three times more cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared to high income countries (HICs). This is primarily exacerbated by weak health systems especially at the pre-hospital care level. Generating local empirical evidence on TBI patterns and its influence on patient mortality outcomes is fundamental in informing the design of trauma-specific emergency medical service (EMS) interventions at the pre-hospital care level. This study determines the influence of TBI patterns and mortality. Methods: This was a case-control study with a sample of 316 TBI patients. Data was abstracted from medical records for the period of January 2017 to March 2019 in three tertiary trauma care facilities in Kenya. Logistic regression was used to assess influence of trauma patterns on TBI mortality, controlling for patient characteristics and other potential confounders. Results: The majority of patients were aged below 40 years (73%) and were male (85%). Road traffic injuries (RTIs) comprised 58% of all forms of trauma. Blunt trauma comprised 71% of the injuries. Trauma mechanism was the only trauma pattern significantly associated with TBI mortality. The risk of dying for patients sustaining RTIs was 2.83 times more likely compared to non-RTI patients [odds ratio (OR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62-4.93, p=0.001]. The type of transfer to hospital was also significantly associated with mortality outcome, with a public hospital having a two times higher risk of death compared to a private hospital [OR 2.18 95%CI 1.21-3.94, p<0.009]. Conclusion: Trauma mechanism (RTI vs non-RTI) and type of tertiary facility patients are transferred to (public vs private) are key factors influencing TBI mortality burden. Strengthening local EMS trauma response systems targeting RTIs augmented by adequately resourced and equipped public facilities to provide quality lifesaving interventions can reduce the burden of TBIs.
Statutory lien: pre- and post- 2016 amendments to the Malaysian National Land Code
Authors: Tay Eng Siang , Ling Ging Yee , Chung Kwok Whee 
Published: January 2022

Background: A statutory lien is a non-registrable security dealing under the National Land Code (NLC) in Malaysia. Lien is usually used as a short-term collateral for a repayment of debt by the proprietor. Prior to the 2016 amendments, section 281(1) of the NLC stated that a proprietor may create a lien over his land by depositing the original title with the lender, as security for a loan; and the lender shall enter a lien-holder’s caveat under section 330(1) to protect his interests. Case law has expanded the scope of section 281 to include an equitable proprietor under the definition of “proprietor” and a third-party loan with the proprietor’s consent or authority under the definition of “loan”. The 2016 amendments removed “for a loan” in sections 281(1) and 330(1). This triggers the analysis on the purposes of lien. Methods: The research methodology adopted is doctrinal legal research. Relevant sections and case law together with the Bill and Parliament’s Hansard record are examined to find the intention of the legislature and Parliament. Results: The amendments allow the lien to be used not merely as security for a loan but also for other purposes (Explanation Note 47 to the Bill). Such deletions have created an ambiguous interpretation; and may be manipulated by fraudsters. In contrast, section 241(1) provides specific purposes such as the repayment of debt, non-debt, or payment of annuity or periodic sum, for the creation of statutory charge. Conclusions: This research is only confined to the scope of lien within the Peninsular Malaysia and not the States of Sabah and Sarawak which have their respective Sabah Land Ordinance and Sarawak Land Code. A future comparative study could be made amongst the legislations. The research output may be useful for the draftsman to clear up the ambiguity in the relevant provisions.
Stop codon readthrough contexts influence reporter expression differentially depending on the presence of an IRES
Authors: Yordanova Martina M. , Loughran Gary , Atkins John F. , Baranov Pavel V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Background: Previously we reported the discovery of stop codon readthrough in AMD1 mRNA followed by ribosome stalling at the end of a conserved Open Reading Frame (ORF) that we termed AMD1. To explain the severe suppression of reporters fused to AMD1 tail we proposed a mechanism invoking ribosome queueing. In the original study, we tested this hypothesis, by placing the reporter stop codon in the context of readthrough permissive sequences in a dual reporter vector with downstream reporter expression driven by the EMCV IRES. In accordance with our hypothesis, we observed a striking disproportional reduction of upstream reporter activity in response to increased readthrough levels. Methods: Here we employ dual luciferase assays, western blotting and RT-qPCR to explore the effects of test sequences downstream to the reporter stop codon on its expression in dual and monocistronic reporter vectors. Results: With the dual reporter system, the disproportionate reduction of upstream reporter activity is not specific to AMD1 tail and occurs as long as the readthrough stop codon context is present at the end of the reporter’s ORF. In a monocistronic vector without an IRES, the test sequences had distinct effects which were reflective of their properties e.g., AMD1 tail inhibitory effect. We further show by employing RT-qPCR that in the IRES vectors, the Fluc activity levels measured by the luciferase assay are an accurate proxy of RNA levels. Conclusions: While our findings provide little new information regarding the functional role of AMD1 tail, they raise caution for the use of viral IRES elements in expression vectors for studying mechanisms of mRNA translation. These findings may also be pertinent to the natural properties of readthrough permissive sequences and of IRES elements, though these require a separate investigation.