bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning the tide on female genital mutilation in a high prevalence country: a programmatic data analysis for Sudan’s comprehensive health sector response, 2016–2018
Authors: Ahmed Wisal , Puttkammer Nancy , Gloyd Stephen , Adam Amira , Eltayeb Dalya , Farquhar Carey 
Published: October 2022

Sudan has about 87% of females aged 15–49 years living with female genital mutilation (FGM), mostly performed by midwives (64%). In 2016, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) adopted the WHO’s global strategy to stop healthcare providers from performing FGM. Our review of activity reports from 2016 to 2018 found the format of activities (N=95) was mainly meetings (58%) and trainings (31%) with median costs of US$10 645 and US$14 964, respectively. The FMoH (57%) and student/professional associations (25%) implemented activities at national (36%) and state (62%) level. The costs of activities were highest for FMoH compared with student/professional associations and academia, respectively.Sudan addressed WHO’s global strategy pillars through FGM-related policies and plans (pillar 1), trainings (pillar 2) and monitoring, evaluation and accountability materials (pillar 3) targeting mainly community midwives (N=16 183) as well as creating supportive legislative and regulatory environment (pillar 4). Governmental funding on training was comparable to donor’s resulting into 31% of community midwives trained on FGM complications management. Further, 31% of community midwives signed declarations or petitions to end FGM practice, while 19% were sensitised on punitive administrative measures for conducting FGM.Although Sudan implemented a laudable health sector response to address FGM, there is a need to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of past and ongoing interventions. Particular attention to costs and quality assurance data is essential to identify cost efficient implementation approaches to reach the remaining sizeable number of health professionals to stop their involvement in FGM.
Poor association between tendon structure and self-reported symptoms following conservative management in active soldiers with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Paantjens M A , Helmhout P H , Backx F J G , Martens M T A W , van Dongen J P A , Bakker E W P 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionMid-portion Achilles tendinopathy (mid-AT) is currently the preferred term for persistent Achilles tendon pain, defined as located 2–7 cm proximal to the calcaneus, and with loss of function related to mechanical loading. Histologically, mid-AT is considered to represent a degenerative condition. Therefore, monitoring of tendon structure additional to pain and function may be warranted, to prevent progression of degeneration or even tendon rupture. The aim of this study was to determine the association between pain and function, relative to the Achilles tendon structure, in soldiers treated with a conservative programme for mid-AT.MethodsA total of 40 soldiers (40 unilateral symptomatic tendons) were included in this study. Pain and function were evaluated with the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment -Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire. Tendon structure was quantified using ultrasound tissue characterisation (UTC). We quantified both the Achilles tendon mid-portion (2–7 cm) and the area of maximum degeneration (AoMD) within the tendon mid-portion. VISA-A and UTC measurements were taken at baseline and after 26 weeks of follow-up. Spearman’s rho was used to determine the correlation between VISA-A and UTC. Correlations were calculated for baseline, follow-up and change score values.ResultsNegligible correlations were found for all analyses, ranging from −0.173 to 0.166 between mid-portion tendon structure and VISA-A, and from −0.137 to 0.150 between AoMD and VISA-A. While VISA-A scores improved, on average, from 59.4 points at baseline to 93.5 points at follow-up, no detectable improvement in aligned fibrillar structure was observed in our population.ConclusionPain and function are poorly associated with Achilles tendon structure in soldiers treated with a conservative programme for mid-AT. Therefore, we advise clinicians to use great caution in communicating relationships between both clinical entities.Trial registration numberNL69527.028.19.
Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA Predicts Response to Treatment and Early Progression in Follicular Lymphoma: Results of a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Fernández-Miranda Ismael , Pedrosa Lucía , Llanos Marta , Franco Fernando F. , Gómez Sagrario , Martín-Acosta Paloma , García-Arroyo Francisco R. , Gumá Josep , Horcajo Beatriz , Ballesteros Ana K. , Gálvez Laura , Martínez Natividad , Marín Miguel , Sequero Silvia , Navarro Marta , Yanguas-Casás Natalia , Calvo Virginia , Rueda-Domínguez Antonio , Provencio Mariano , Sánchez-Beato Margarita 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most frequent indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Around 20% of patients suffer early disease progression within 24 months (POD24) of diagnosis. This study examined the significance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in predicting response to therapy and POD24 in patients with FL.

Experimental Design:
We collected 100 plasma samples, before and during the treatment, from 36 patients with FL prospectively enrolled in 8 Spanish hospitals. They were treated with a chemotherapy-rituximab regimen and followed up for a median of 3.43 years. We performed targeted deep sequencing in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and tumor genomic DNA from 31 diagnostic biopsy samples.

Results:
Of the alterations detected in the diagnostic tissue samples, 73% (300/411) were also identified in basal cfDNA. The mean numbers of alterations per basal cfDNA sample in patients who suffered progression of disease within 24 months (POD24-pos) or did not achieve complete response (non-CR) were significantly higher than in POD24-neg or CR patients (unpaired samples t test, P = 0.0001 and 0.001, respectively). Pretreatment ctDNA levels, as haploid genome equivalents per milliliter of plasma, were higher in patients without CR (P = 0.02) and in POD24-pos patients compared with POD24-neg patients (P &lt; 0.001). Dynamic analysis showed that ctDNA levels decreased dramatically after treatment, although the reduction was more significant in patients with CR and POD24-neg patients.

Conclusions:
Basal ctDNA levels are associated with the risk of early progression and response to treatment in FL. cfDNA monitoring and genotyping during treatment and follow-up predict response to treatment and early progression.
“Tint and Form”: The Geometric Philosophy Underlying Oliver Byrne’sElements
Authors: Moriarty Clare Marie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOliver Byrne published his groundbreaking and visually remarkable edition of Euclid’s Elements in 1847. The book is extraordinary, featuring four-color diagrams, illustrations, grids, and decorative engraving. Its aesthetic similarity to various stylistic themes of the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements has been noted, but little attention has been paid to the pedagogical and theoretical insights that shaped Byrne’s illustrative choices. In this article, the author explains some key philosophical ideas underlying Byrne’s geometric illustrations and contextualizes them amid Byrne’s wider mathematical preoccupations.
Artistic Defamiliarization in the Age of Algorithmic Prediction
Authors: Curry Derek 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPredictive algorithms are indeterminate when they are used on data that differs from their training set, which is always a possibility in real-world applications. Anthropomorphic metaphors can obfuscate the differences between human perception and the computational processes that comprise algorithmic decision-making. This article shows how artistic uses of predictive algorithms can reveal the algorithms’ indeterminate nature and raise questions about the efficacy and dangers of algorithmic decision-making. In particular, the author presents the technique of artistic defamiliarization as a way to question the foundations of positivist epistemologies that equate quantification and calculation with objective truth.
Transformed Strangely: Lyotardian Indeterminacy in John Cage’sChild of Tree
Authors: Gritten Anthony 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe author sketches a Lyotardian reading of John Cage’s plant pieces of the mid-1970s. Given that at the time both Jean-François Lyotard and Cage were concerned with working through Marcel Duchamp’s multifarious legacies, the author uses Lyotard’s writings on Duchamp to unpack the operation of indeterminacy in Cage’s ecological events.
Dithering Eyes: Or, Correspondences with Erratic Bodies
Authors: Jauernik Christina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article discusses an experimental seeing machine and its spatial, sensorial, and technical implications. By examining this real-time motion tracking and visualization system and reflecting on how it engendered embodied experiences of sharing movement across physical and virtual bodily spheres, the author raises questions about the construction of identity, visibility regimes, technical glitches, indeterminacy, and error. The mediating space, emerging through the coexistence of and interference between these distinct technologies/bodies brought together in common points of view, also suggests another mode of perception, perhaps unsettling what it means to “see.”
Making AI-Infused Products and Services More Legible
Authors: Pilling Franziska , Ali Akmal Haider , Lindley Joseph , Gradinar Adrian , Coulton Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe increasing availability of large data sets has initiated a resurgence in artificial intelligence (AI) research. Today AI is integrated into a wide variety of so-called smart products to personalize user experiences. Smart technologies are typically designed for ease of use, with their complex underlying procedures (intentionally) obfuscated; explaining particular outcomes is hampered by their inherent ambiguity. This lack of legibility leads to misconceptions about how AI works. Through design research, the authors address the challenge of AI legibility by designing AI iconography as an accessible way to communicate and better understand the role AI and data increasingly play in our everyday interactions.
Exercises in Humility: Gregory Bateson on Contingency, Croquet, and Revising Habits of Thought through Play
Authors: Stark Doug 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThough critics consider games fundamentally indeterminate, common sense dictates that game-based contingency is paradigmatically delimited—possible moves and outcomes preset and immutable. Drawing on cyberneticist Gregory Bateson, this article elaborates a second paradigm for game-based contingency wherein the game neither determines possibilities beforehand nor excludes aberrance but integrates contingency by recursively modifying its structure. It explicates this second paradigm’s ethical import vis-à-vis the croquet match in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and “fumblecore” video game Sumotori Dreams. Whereas most games encourage prediction, reinforce norms, and furnish a sense of mastery, these recursive games can frustrate calculation, unsettle habits, and humble players.
The AI Laocoön: Art and the Artificial Imagination, or Survival Aesthetics in the Anthropocene
Authors: Choi Suk Kyoung 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The art-as-research described in this article—a project named The Drowned World, after J.G. Ballard’s dystopian novel of the same name—is a reflection on environmental collapse and its technical representation in the Anthropocene. Is imagination being subsumed by the artificial? Are the sociotechnic hyperobjects of artificial intelligence and global warming chimera of the imagination, or are they certainties emergent from a desire for virtuality? In The Drowned World project, the author proposes to employ text-driven image synthesis as an aesthetic apparatus obscuring the distinction between imagination (potentiality) and virtuality (artificiality) to offer a computational poetics of a world drowning in data, an imaginative ecology of the virtual sublime.
Visualizing Spatial Gaze Data in the Perception of 3D Objects
Authors: Han Eugene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn response to the rapid development of mobile eye tracking, this paper proposes methods for the visualization of gaze patterns in three dimensions. Methods are divided into two basic categories, beginning with translations from 2D graphic conventions to those that incorporate 3D mesh geometries. They are first discussed in principle and thereafter demonstrated on actual gaze data of sculptural reproductions. The tracing of eye movements of objects in the round required consideration of variables typically unaccounted for in conventional eye-tracking visualization, most importantly with regards to the moving position of the viewing eye. A major advantage of 3D visualizations is the capacity to present gaze information simultaneously on obverse, reverse, and oblique surfaces of perceptual attention. The included methods provided for effective communication of a subject’s perceptual distribution over potentially complex stimulus geometries.
Impacts of Northeastern Pacific Buoy Surface Pressure Observations
Authors: Reynolds Carolyn A. , Stone Rebecca E. , Doyle James D. , Baker Nancy L. , Wilson Anna M. , Ralph F. Martin , Lavers David A. , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Centurioni Luca 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Under the Atmospheric River Reconnaissance (AR Recon) Program, ocean drifting buoys (drifters) that provide surface pressure observations were deployed in the northeastern Pacific Ocean to improve forecasts of U.S. West Coast high-impact weather. We examine the impacts of both AR Recon and non-AR Recon drifter observations in the U.S. Navy’s global atmospheric data assimilation (DA) and forecast system using data-denial experiments and forecast sensitivity observation impact (FSOI) analysis, which estimates the impact of each observation on the 24-h global forecast error total energy. Considering all drifters in the eastern North Pacific for the 2020 AR Recon season, FSOI indicates that most of the beneficial impacts come from observations in the lowest quartile of observed surface pressure values, particularly those taken late in the DA window. Observations in the upper quartile have near-neutral impacts on average and are slightly nonbeneficial when taken late in the DA window. This may occur because the DA configuration used here does not account for model biases, and innovation statistics show that the forecast model has a low pressure bias at high pressures. Case studies and other analyses indicate large beneficial impacts coming from observations in regions with large surface pressure gradients and integrated vapor transport, such as fronts and ARs. Data-denial experiments indicate that the assimilation of AR Recon drifter observations results in a better-constrained analysis at nearby non-AR Recon drifter locations and counteracts the NAVGEM pressure bias. Assimilating the AR Recon drifter observations improves 72- and 96-h Northern Hemisphere forecasts of winds in the lower and middle troposphere, and geopotential height in the lower, middle, and upper troposphere.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to understand how observations of atmospheric pressure at the ocean surface provided by drifting buoys impact weather forecasts. Some of these drifting buoys were deployed under a program to study atmospheric rivers (ARs) to improve forecasts of high-impact weather on the West Coast. We find that these observations are most effective at reducing forecast errors when taken in regions near fronts and cyclones. The additional drifting buoys deployed under the AR Reconnaissance project reduce forecast errors at 72 and 96 h over North America and the Northern Hemisphere. These results are important because they illustrate the potential for improving forecasts by increasing the number of drifting buoy surface pressure observations over the world oceans.
Improved Kasai Hepatoportoenterostomy Outcomes After Implementation of a Dedicated Biliary Atresia Team
Authors: Jamil Omar K. , Shanmugarajah Kumaran , Azzam Ruba K. , Slidell Mark B. 
Published: October 2022

It can be difficult or impractical to refer all biliary atresia (BA) patients to high-volume centers. Our hypothesis was that a low volume center could improve outcomes with implementation of a dedicated multidisciplinary BA team. We conducted a retrospective study of patients with BA who underwent hepatic portoenterostomy at our institution from 2003 to 2020, before and after the development of a dedicated BA team. Ten consecutive patients with BA were identified following the establishment of a dedicated BA team. Since the establishment of the BA team, total bilirubin (TB) clearance (TB < 2 mg/dL) achieved by 3 and 6 months has been 60% and 60%, respectively, and survival of the native liver (SNL) at 1 and 2 years post HPE at 90% and 86%, respectively. Outcomes were markedly improved after the team was established. A dedicated BA team prioritizing communication and expeditious workup can improve outcomes at a low volume center.
Health and disability care providers’ experiences and perspectives on end-of-life care needs of individuals with long-standing physical disability: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Belperio Irene , Devery Kim , Morgan Deidre D , Rawlings Deb , Raghavendra Parimala , Walker Ruth 
Published: October 2022

Background: Little is known about the specific needs and experiences of individuals with long-standing physical disability at end of life. Aim: To explore health and disability care providers perspectives and experiences in relation to end-of-life care needs of individuals with long-standing physical disability. Design: Qualitative study using reflexive thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine health and disability care providers from two Australian states. Results: Five themes were constructed from the data: (1) The significance of place. All participants described how the end-of-life care experience was significantly impacted by the place in which dying occurred. (2) Knowing the person and their needs. Knowledge and familiarity with the individual with long-standing disability were seen as invaluable in terms of providing continued high-quality care. (3) Navigating a new care landscape. For disability support workers, struggling to adapt from providing disability support to end-of-life care was difficult. (4) Complexities of family involvement. Past experiences of families within the healthcare system had resultant impacts on care received by the individual with long-standing disability. (5) Being prepared. Participants felt more was needed in terms of end-of-life planning and discussions around end of life for this cohort. Conclusions: This research highlights a significant lack of continuity of care and problems at the intersection of the disability and health systems when providing end-of-life care for this cohort. Suggested areas for improvement include team approaches to enable continuity of care and dying in place, and a need for knowledge and skills in this area for all stakeholders.
Clinical correlates of early onset antipsychotic treatment resistance
Authors: Fonseca de Freitas Daniela , Agbedjro Deborah , Kadra-Scalzo Giouliana , Francis Emma , Ridler Isobel , Pritchard Megan , Shetty Hitesh , Segev Aviv , Casetta Cecilia , Smart Sophie E. , Morris Anna , Downs Johnny , Christensen Søren Rahn , Bak Nikolaj , Kinon Bruce J. , Stahl Daniel , Hayes Richard D. , MacCabe James H. 
Published: October 2022

Background: There is evidence of heterogeneity within treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), with some people not responding to antipsychotic treatment from illness onset and others becoming treatment-resistant after an initial response period. These groups may have different aetiologies. Aim: This study investigates sociodemographic and clinical correlates of early onset of TRS. Method: Employing a retrospective cohort design, we do a secondary analysis of data from a cohort of people with TRS attending the South London and Maudsley. Regression analyses were conducted to identify the correlates of the length of treatment to TRS. Predictors included the following: gender, age, ethnicity, problems with positive symptoms, problems with activities of daily living, psychiatric comorbidities, involuntary hospitalisation and treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Results: In a cohort of 164 people with TRS (60% were men), the median length of treatment to TRS was 3 years and 8 months. We observed no cut-off on the length of treatment until TRS presentation differentiating between early and late TRS (i.e. no bimodal distribution). Having mild to very severe problems with hallucinations and delusions at the treatment start was associated with earlier TRS (~19 months earlier). In sensitivity analyses, including only complete cases (subject to selection bias), treatment with a long-acting injectable antipsychotic was additionally associated with later TRS (~15 months later). Conclusion: Our findings do not support a clear separation between early and late TRS but rather a continuum of the length of treatment before TRS onset. Having mild to very severe problems with positive symptoms at treatment start predicts earlier onset of TRS.
The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation: Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research
Authors: Naysmith Laura F , Williams Steven C R , Kumari Veena 
Published: October 2022

Background: Prepulse-induced startle modulation occurs when a weak sensory stimulus (‘prepulse’) is presented before a startling sensory stimulus (‘pulse’), producing an inhibited (Prepulse Inhibition, PPI) or facilitated (Prepulse Facilitation, PPF) startle response. We recently identified several gaps and outlined future lines of enquiry to enable a fuller understanding of the neurobiology of PPI and PPF in healthy and clinical populations. However, before embarking on these studies, it is important to consider how task and population characteristics affect these phenomena in healthy humans. Methods: We examined PPI and PPF in separate tasks, with counterbalanced task order across participants in one session, using a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), in 48 healthy adults (23 men, 25 women; 10 hormonal contraceptive users) to determine which SOAs produce the strongest PPI and PPF and also explored how sex and hormonal contraception might influence PPI and PPF under these experimental conditions. Results: Both PPI and PPF were affected by SOA, with greatest PPI observed at 60 and 120 ms, and greatest PPF at 4500 and 6000 ms. PPI was influenced by sex (more PPI in men than women) and hormonal contraception, whereas PPF was affected by task order (greater PPF when the PPF task followed, rather than preceded, the PPI task). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that studies of PPI and PPF need to consider, not only sex and hormonal status of study participants, but also task characteristics and presentation order to reduce variance and increase replicability across studies.