bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development & validation of scales to assess stigma related to COVID-19 in India
Authors: Nair Saritha , Joshi Aparna , Aggarwal Sumit , Adhikari Tulsi , Mahajan Nupur , Diwan Vishal , Stephen A. , Devi K. Rekha , Mishra Bijaya Kumar , Yadav Girijesh Kumar , Kohli Rewa , Sahu Damodar , Gulati Bal Kishan , Sharma Saurabh , Yadav Jeetendra , Ovung Senthanro , Duggal Chetna , Sharma Moina , Bangar Sampada Dipak , Andhalkar Rushikesh , Rebecca Pricilla B. , Rani S. , Selvaraj Pradeep , Xavier Gladston G. , Peter Vanessa , Watson Basilea , Kannan T. , Asmathulla K.S.MD. , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Palo Subrata Kumar , Kanungo Srikanta , Behera Ajit Kumar , Pandey Ashok Kumar , Zaman Kamran , Misra Brij Ranjan , Kumar Niraj , Behera Sthita Pragnya , Singh Rajeev , Sarkar Abu Hasan , Narain Kanwar , Kant Rajni , Sahay Seema , Tiwari Rajnarayan Ramshankar , Thomas Beena Elizabeth , Panda Samiran , Rao M. Vishnu Vardhana 
Published: August 2022

Background & objectives
COVID-19 pandemic has triggered social stigma towards individuals affected and their families. This study describes the process undertaken for the development and validation of scales to assess stigmatizing attitudes and experiences among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 participants from the community.

Methods
COVID-19 Stigma Scale and Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale constituting 13 and six items, respectively, were developed based on review of literature and news reports, expert committee evaluation and participants’ interviews through telephone for a multicentric study in India. For content validity, 61 (30 COVID-19-recovered and 31 non-COVID-19 participants from the community) were recruited. Test–retest reliability of the scales was assessed among 99 participants (41 COVID-19 recovered and 58 non-COVID-19). Participants were administered the scale at two-time points after a gap of 7-12 days. Cronbach’s alpha, overall percentage agreement and kappa statistics were used to assess internal consistency and test–retest reliability.

Results
Items in the scales were relevant and comprehensible. Both the scales had Cronbach’s α above 0.6 indicating moderate-to-good internal consistency. Test–retest reliability assessed using kappa statistics indicated that for the COVID-19 Stigma Scale, seven items had a moderate agreement (0.4-0.6). For the Community COVID-19 Stigma Scale, four items had a moderate agreement.

Interpretation & conclusions
Validity and reliability of the two stigma scales indicated that the scales were comprehensible and had moderate internal consistency. These scales could be used to assess COVID-19 stigma and help in the development of appropriate stigma reduction interventions for COVID-19 infected, and mitigation of stigmatizing attitudes in the community.
Hopelessness and quality of life in elderly
Authors: Sajeev Amithabh , Kakunje Anil , Karkal Ravichandra 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Elderly population has a higher vulnerability to many physical and mental disturbances. These setbacks can lead to decreased quality of life (QOL) which may increase the feeling of hopelessness among the elderly.

Aim:
This study aims to assess the association between hopelessness and the QOL among the elderly in the community.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 100 elderly people with 50 participants each from two different locations of South India. The study was conducted from February 2020 to December 2020 after obtaining the institutional ethics committee approval. Beck's Hopelessness Scale and the World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF instrument were used to assess hopelessness and QOL.

Results:
The average age of the sample was 66.26 ± 5.29 years with a male predominance. The Beck's hopelessness score was greater in females, whereas the WHOQOL score was higher in males. We also found a significantly strong negative strength of association (Pearson's correlation score of − 0.954) between Beck's hopelessness score and WHOQOL scoring systems. Our study showed that hopelessness and QOL were significantly influenced by educational status, marital status, annual income, medical illness, psychiatric illness, and duration of hospital admissions.

Conclusion:
Elderly people with good financial stability are more secure with a higher QOL.
Dry eye disease related to digital screen exposure in medical students
Authors: Tripathi Alka , Agarwal Richa , Kharya Pradip 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study is to determine the magnitude and severity of dry eye disease (DED) in medical students as per assessed by the questionnaire Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Schirmer's test.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of a 2-month duration involving medical students was conducted to determine the magnitude and severity of DED. Dry eye was assessed through self-administered questionnaire, Schirmer's test, and OSDI scoring.

Results:
The most common symptom among the participants was eyestrain in 39% (N = 31) followed by headache in 33% (N = 26). Based on Schirmer's test, 75% (n = 60) of the participants were normal, 8% (n = 6) students had mild DED, 5% (N = 4) students with moderate DED, and 11% (N = 9) students had severe DED. Based on OSDI scoring, 59% (n = 47) participants were normal, 28% (n = 21) had mild DED, 11% (N = 9) had moderate, while 2% (N = 2) had severe DED.

Conclusion:
In this era of digitalization, DED has engulfed the younger population who are spending greater hours on different digital devices. The prevalence of symptomatic dry eyes in our study was 41% while it was 25% based on signs. This should raise concern among the caregivers to increase awareness regarding dry eyes and give strict guidelines restricting screen time. The use of ergonomic practices such as appropriate lighting in a room, adjusting digital screen parameters (resolution, text size, contrast, and luminance), and taking frequent breaks while using the screen should be encouraged.
JATS Superhighway
Authors: Beck Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Tag sets change over time. Tag set designers manage a complex system where everything is connected to everything else and new user requirements continue to surface. Tag set users manage complex systems to create, manage, and archive documents. Users strongly resist backward-incompatible change, so as JATS has grown we have made compromises in the design to meet new requirements while maintaining backward-compatability. We think it is time to consolidate redundant models, remove deprecated items, and generally reduce confusion. Can we guide users towards a new, backwards incompatible version in a way that they'll find palatable?
We have a plan. We're going to extend the JATS 1.x schema so that it contains the new, 2.0 models in addition to the old models. Then we'll make an "Onramp" subset of 1.x that has the deprecated items removed. Documents valid against the onramp subset of 1.x will also be valid against 2.0.
Adventures in Correcting XML Collation Problems with Python and XSLT
Authors: Beshero-Bondar Elisa E. 
Published: July 2022

The process of instructing a computer to compare texts, known as computer-aided collation, might resemble trying to fix a power loom when the threads it is supposed to weave together become tangled. The power of the automated weaving continues, with the threads improperly aligned and the pattern broken in a way that can make it difficult to isolate the cause of the problem. Automating a tedious process magnifies the complexity of error-correction, sometimes calling for new tooling to help us perfect the weaving or collating process.
The authors are attempting to refine a collation algorithm to improve its alignment of variant passages in the Frankenstein Variorum project. We have begun with a Python script that tokenizes and normalizes the texts of the editions and delivers them to collateX for processing the collation and delivering TEI-conformant output for our project. In post-processing stages after running the collation, we apply a series of XSLT transformations to the collation output. This post-collation XSLT pipeline publishes the digital variorum edition, which prepares each output witness in TEI XML to store information about its own variance from the other editions. We have discussed that pipeline elsewhere, but our interest in this paper is in efforts to repair and correct and improve the collation process.
We have applied Schematron and XSLT in post-processing to correct patterns of erroneous alignments, but eventually realized that the problems we were trying to solve required repairing the collation algorithm. We are now experimenting with revising the collation algorithm in two ways: 1) by fine-tuning the text preparation algorithms we apply in our Python file that delivers text to the collateX software, and 2) by attempting to introduce those same text preparation algorithms entirely with XSLT using the Text Alignment Network's XSLT application of tan:diff() and tan:collate(), introduced by Joel Kalvesmaki at the 2021 Balisage conference. In this paper we discuss the challenges of figuring out where and how to intervene in the collation process, and what we are learning about how far we can take XSLT and Schematron in helping to automate the preparation, collation, and correction process.
Human Readability of Data Files
Authors: Gryk Michael Robert 
Published: July 2022

In this era of big data and FAIR data, data formats must be machine interpretable. XML, among other standards, satisfies this requirement. Yet many standardization initiatives cite human readability as a second, key property in data format development. Examples include the development of STAR in the field of structural biology, W3C PROV for provenance, and even the continuing development of XML. This begs the question(s), what is meant by human readability and can this property be measured for a given data format or compared between competing standards?
The broad topic of readability is considered with attention to the various aspects of written text which either foster or counter readability. Drawing on efforts in the educational system, a metric is proposed for estimating the relative human readability of structured data within an archival file format. Comparison is made between the same data represented in various formats, including JSON and XML, to help judge whether these standards have accomplished their simultaneous goals of machine interpretability and human readability.
Designing for change
Authors: Hillman Tomos , Sperberg-McQueen C. M. , Tovey-Walsh Bethan , Tovey-Walsh Norm 
Published: July 2022

Invisible XML (ixml) is a method for treating non-XML documents as if they were XML. The 1.0 specification for Invisible XML was announced in June of this year. No technology foresees all of its use cases, especially in 1.0. How can ixml allow experimentation, and channel experimentation in useful ways, to allow ideas to be expressed in ixml grammars that go beyond what is foreseen, without compromising interoperability or the value of strict conformance to the specification?
Many programming languages (C, JavaScript, Pascal, XQuery, etc.) address this question with pragmas. A pragma is a semi-formal way to instruct a processor/compiler/interpreter how it should operate. Typical pragmas extend a specification but are not a part of it. We propose pragmas as an optional add-on to ixml to allow implementation of non-standardized functionality in a way that does not interfere with standard ixml processing. We describe our general framework for pragmas, some specific pragmas (to illustrate how pragmas can be used), and a few pragmatic implementations.
Rainwater Harvesting as a Strategic Planning Management of COVID-19 Pandemic among Public Secondary Schools in Tanzania
Authors: W. Msuya Ombeni 
Published: August 2022

This study explored rainwater harvesting as strategic planning management of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Secondary Schools in Tanzania. The study was carried out in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. It adopted a mixed research method by employing both quantitative and qualitative approaches under the cross-sectional research design. The study involved a sample of 66 out of 191 heads of public secondary schools, selected through simple random sampling and 14 student leaders who were purposely selected. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data while a semi-structured interview was used to collect qualitative data. The study established that most public secondary schools had a strategic management plan. However, only a few had a specific goal on rainwater harvest strategies as a reliable source of water during rainy seasons. Heads of schools appreciated the convivial role of rainwater harvesting for their institutions. Lack of funds and poor innovation from school management teams (SMTs) were among the main challenges for the establishment of rainwater harvesting in some schools. The study recommends that there is a need to conduct regular reviews and revisits to maintain flexible institutional strategic plans to some contemporary issues like pandemics. Second, school management teams (SMTs) should promote rainwater harvesting, which is known for being a cheap, affordable technology and an environmentally friendly water supply system. Third, the Tanzanian Government authorities, development partners and other stakeholders should support the public secondary schools to adopt the affordable rainwater-harvesting technology. Finally, educational institutions should build the capacity of their managers on strategic planning management skills for better planning and execution of their goals and for organizational wellbeing improvement.
Effectiveness of Schools in Combating Bullying Behaviors among Public Secondary Schools in Hai District, Tanzania
Authors: J. Mboya Joyce , Onyango Daniel 
Published: August 2022

The study investigated on the management of bullying behavior in public secondary schools in Hai District. The study employed the mixed research approach to organize the qualitative and quantitative data so as to deal with the research problem. Convergent parallel research design was employed to enable the researchers to collect data concurrently. While the targeted schools were 45 in the district, 5 schools were purposively selected with the sample of 171 respondents. The study found that majority of teachers were not effective in managing bullying behavior in schools though they are obligated with the task of managing students’ behaviors in through identifying, directing, controlling, monitoring the behavior and providing guidance and counseling to students. The study recommends that schools should come up with strategies to control bullying by offering short courses, seminars and workshops to teachers so as to equip them with skills on how to control bullying. Clubs and societies should be established in schools so as to involve learners in management of bullying. Schools should put in place a schedule where talks on various aspects of bullying can be presented to students. Speakers from outside the school can be invited to make presentations.
PERANCANGAN APLIKASI GAME EDUKASI PENGENALAN HEWAN LAUT DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS MENGGUNAKAN METODE R&D
Authors: Sitanggang Kevin Hiskia , Elsera Marina , Nurjamiyah Nurjamiyah 
Published: July 2022

AbstrakGame Edukasi adalah salah satu jenis media yang digunakan untuk memberikan pengajaran, menambah pengetahuan penggunanya melalui suatu media unik dan menarik. Game edukasi dibuat dengan tujuan spesifik sebagai alat pendidikan, untuk belajar mengenal warna, mengenal huruf dan angka, matematika, sampai belajar bahasa asing.Game dengan tujuan edukasi seperti ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu media edukasi yang memiliki pola pembelajaran learning by doing. Berdasarkan pola yang dimiliki oleh game tersebut, pemain dituntut untuk belajar sehingga dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang ada. Status game, instruksi, dan tools yang disediakan oleh game akan membimbing pemain secara aktif untuk menggali informasi sehingga dapat memperkaya pengetahuan dan strategi saat bermain. Metode Research and Development metode penelitian dan pengembangan atau dalam bahasa inggris nya Research and Development adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan menguji ke efektifan produk tersebut.penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan media pembelajaran berupa game edukasi dan menguji ke efektifan media pembelajaran tersebut.Kata Kunci: Game Edukasi,Pengenalan Hewan Laut,Dalam Bahasa Inggris,Metode R&D. Abstract Educational Game is one type of media that is used to provide teaching, increase the knowledge of its users through a unique and interesting media. Educational games are made with a specific purpose as an educational tool, to learn to recognize colors, recognize letters and numbers, mathematics, and learn foreign languages. Games with educational purposes like this can be used as an educational medium that has a learning by doing pattern. Based on the pattern possessed by the game, players are required to learn so that they can solve existing problems. Game status, instructions, and tools provided by the game will guide players actively to explore information so that they can enrich their knowledge and strategies while playing. Research and Development methods Research and development methods or in English Research and Development is a research method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. This study aims to produce learning media in the form of educational games and test the effectiveness of these learning media. Keywords: Educational Games,Introduction to marine animals,In English,R&D Method
Analisis Pendistribusian Zakat Produktif Pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional Inisiatif Zakat Indonesia Cabang Sumatera Utara
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Ria Armayani Hasibuan Reni 
Published: August 2022

Zakat in Islam is assets that must be issued if it meets the requirements and is an obligation that must be fulfilled by all Muslims. Zakat acts in part as a tool given by Islam to alleviate poverty by making the rich aware of their social responsibilities. There are two types of zakat distribution in Indonesia: consumption distribution and production distribution. So far, the actual distribution of zakat is more dominated by consumptive zakat distribution. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism for distributing productive zakat at LAZNAS IZI North Sumatra Branch and the impact of distributing productive zakat funds on mustahik status. Data collection methods used are primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques and tools were carried out through interviews and documentation. The results showed that the instrument of the productive zakat distribution mechanism of LAZNAS IZI North Sumatra Branch was running well when distributing productive zakat to mustahik and still using the grant contract. That is, productive zakat money to mustahik offered to mustahik is given free of charge. The impact of productive zakat funds on mustahik status cannot completely change mustahik into muzakki. The status of new mustahik can change into muktafi (people who can fulfill their needs) and munfik (people who donate or give charity).
Keywords: productive zakat, zakat distribution, amil zakat institutions
Pelatihan Manajemen Keuangan Pada Pelaku UMKM di Desa Bubun Kecamatan Tanjung Pura Kabupaten Langkat
Authors: Harahap Muhammad Arfan , Daud Ahmad , Sinaga Asmawarna 
Published: August 2022

This community service activity is one of the implementation of the tri dharma of higher education carried out by the Jam'iyah Mahmudiyah Islamic High School Tanjung Pura Langkat. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide knowledge and understanding to MSME actors in managing their finances. Financial management assists MSME actors in ensuring the sustainability of their business. The main problem faced by MSME actors in managing their finances is the lack of knowledge and the tendency for traditional financial management to be done. Therefore, financial management training activities are needed to answer the problems faced by MSME actors. The community service method used in this activity is the participation method. Financial management training was applied to MSME actors in Langkat Regency, especially in Bubun Village, Tanjung Pura District. The result of this community service activity is that the training participants gain knowledge and understand how important financial management is and how to manage finances professionally.
Keywords: Financial Management, MSMEs, Training
The Values Of Female Character Education In The Millennial Generation Through Suntiang Nan Salapan
Authors: Norman Efrita , Mustaqim Ismail , Aminah Siti 
Published: August 2022

Suntiang Gadang is a bride's headdress in Minangkabau. Visually, Suntiang has a very attractive appearance, apart from its color, it is also supported by the variety of decorations arranged in it. The ornamental variety is taken from natural forms which are grouped into the form of plant motifs and animal motifs. The diversity of decorations found in suntiang not only aims to give beauty and beauty to the person, it also contains moral messages aimed at the bride and groom and will be role models in domestic life. Based on the results of this study, we can draw the following conclusions: that with the rapid growth of technology and information that can be accessed by our millennial generation, it is fitting for us to maintain and develop the customs and cultures that exist in Indonesia, one of which is Minangkabau culture. dense with values ​​and character education, especially for mothers and especially millennial women that we can explore, one of which is in Suntiang Nan Salapan, where in Suntiang Nan Salapan there are character values, including: (1) Minang women must be the pillars of life. the household must be calm and do not like to visit and gossip (2) The woman must be able to arrange the house so that the household is beautiful and comfortable so that the husband feels at home (3) The woman must be able to keep and preserve the things in the household ( 4) Women must be able to manage their finances price so that (5) women must be skilled when they come down to society, because in mainang kabau it is famous for the term bundo kanduang, where women's voices are very much taken into account (6) women must be role models for generations and generations (7) women must be able to educate their offspring with a gentle valley (8) and women are able to guide their people to do amar makruh nahi munkar
Keywords: character building, Suntiang Nan Salapan, millennial generation