bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Cognitive Performance Following Multi-Stressor Military Training
Authors: Tait Jamie L. , Aisbett Brad , Corrigan Sean L. , Drain Jace R. , Main Luana C. 
Published: May 2022

Objective This project aimed to assess the impact of an 8-day military training exercise on cognitive performance, and track its recovery in periods of reduced training load and partially restored sleep. Background Military personnel often work in challenging multi-stressor environments, where sleep loss is inevitable. Sleep loss can impair multiple cognitive domains, which can have disastrous consequences in military contexts. Method A total of 57 male and female soldiers undergoing the Australian Army combat engineer Initial Employment Training course were recruited and tracked over a 16-day study period which included an 8-day field-based military training exercise. Cognitive performance was assessed via a computerised battery at seven time points across four sequential study periods; 1) baseline (PRE), 2) military field training exercise which included total sleep deprivation (EX-FIELD), 3) training exercise at simulated base with restricted sleep opportunities (EX-BASE), and 4) a 3-day recovery period (REC). Subjective load, fatigue, and sleep were evaluated continuously via questionnaire and actigraphy. Results Psychomotor speed, reaction time, visual tracking and vigilance were impaired following the EX-FIELD period ( p < 0.05). The majority of affected measures recovered 2 days following EX-FIELD, being no different in EX-BASE compared to PRE. Conclusion The sensitivity of the cognitive tests to sleep restriction, and recovery, indicates they can help assess operational readiness in military personnel. Future studies should explore other indicators of, and strategies to preserve, operational readiness in military personnel. Application This study highlights the impact of work-induced fatigue on cognitive performance, and would interest authorities seeking to preserve operational readiness.
Manually Acquiring Targets From Multiple Viewpoints Using Video Feedback
Authors: Ramesh Bailey , Konstant Anna , Praveena Pragathi , Senft Emmanuel , Gleicher Michael , Mutlu Bilge , Zinn Michael , Radwin Robert G. 
Published: May 2022

Objective The effect of camera viewpoint was studied when performing visually obstructed psychomotor targeting tasks. Background Previous research in laparoscopy and robotic teleoperation found that complex perceptual-motor adaptations associated with misaligned viewpoints corresponded to degraded performance in manipulation. Because optimal camera positioning is often unavailable in restricted environments, alternative viewpoints that might mitigate performance effects are not obvious. Methods A virtual keyboard-controlled targeting task was remotely distributed to workers of Amazon Mechanical Turk. The experiment was performed by 192 subjects for a static viewpoint with independent parameters of target direction, Fitts’ law index of difficulty, viewpoint azimuthal angle (AA), and viewpoint polar angle (PA). A dynamic viewpoint experiment was also performed by 112 subjects in which the viewpoint AA changed after every trial. Results AA and target direction had significant effects on performance for the static viewpoint experiment. Movement time and travel distance increased while AA increased until there was a discrete improvement in performance for 180°. Increasing AA from 225° to 315° linearly decreased movement time and distance. There were significant main effects of current AA and magnitude of transition for the dynamic viewpoint experiment. Orthogonal direction and no-change viewpoint transitions least affected performance. Conclusions Viewpoint selection should aim to minimize associated rotations within the manipulation plane when performing targeting tasks whether implementing a static or dynamic viewing solution. Because PA rotations had negligible performance effects, PA adjustments may extend the space of viable viewpoints. Applications These results can inform viewpoint selection for visual feedback during psychomotor tasks.
Stigma and mental health problems in an Indian context. Perceptions of people with mental disorders in urban, rural and tribal areas of Kerala
Authors: Raghavan Raghu , Brown Brian , Horne Francesca , Kumar Sanjana , Parameswaran Uma , Ali Ameer B , Raghu Ardra , Wilson Amanda , Svirydzenka Nadia , Venkateswaran Chitra , Kumar Manoj , Kamal Sreedevi R , Barrett Andy , Dasan Chandra , Varma Aarcha , Banu Asha 
Published: May 2022

Background: The concept of stigma has been widely used to understand patterns of discrimination and negative ideas surrounding people with mental health problems, yet we know little of the specific nuances of how this might operate beyond the ‘Global North’. Aim: This paper aims to explore the notion of stigma in an Indian context by considering the lived experience of patients, carers and community members. Methods: A sample of 204 participants, representing mental health patients, informal carers and community members was recruited from urban and rural areas in Kerala, India. Participants took part in interviews where they were encouraged to talk about their experiences of mental ill health, attitudes towards these problems, barriers encountered and sources of support. Results: Experiences akin to the experience of stigma in Europe and the United States were elicited but there were important local dimensions specific to the Indian context. The difficulties faced by people with diagnoses of mental disorders in finding marriage partners was seen as an important problem, leading to marriage proposals being refused in some cases, and secrecy on the part of those with mental health problems. Rather than the ‘self-stigma’ identified in the US, participants were more likely to see this as a collective problem in that it could reflect badly on the family group as a whole rather than just the sufferer. Conclusions: In the Indian context, the idioms of stigma emphasised impairments in marriage eligibility and the implications for the family group rather than just the self.
A Longitudinal Study of the Psychological State of Teachers Before and During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Mexico
Authors: Cortés-Álvarez Nadia Yanet , Garduño Alicia Saldívar , Sánchez-Vidaña Dalinda Isabel , Marmolejo-Murillo Leticia Gabriela , Vuelvas-Olmos César Rubén 
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak significantly impacted people’s lives. Within the education system, the teaching mode drastically changed to adapt to the social distancing restrictions due to the pandemic. Consequently, teachers have been facing challenges associated with remote learning in addition to those of the pandemic. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychological state among teachers at two stages: pre-pandemic (November 2019) and during the pandemic (June-July 2020 and June-July 2021). Information regarding demographic data, depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), and burnout syndrome (MBI-ES) was collected using validated questionnaires. Results showed a significantly higher scores as well as a higher prevalence in the DASS-21 and the MBI-ES scales, on the second measurement taken during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period and the first evaluation during the pandemic. During the second evaluation on pandemic stage, female teachers of ≥45 years of age with a college-level of education, 11 years of teaching experience, and currently teaching at preschools and primary schools were significantly associated with higher anxiety, stress, EE, and burnout scores. In addition, female teachers aged ≥45 years reported higher PD and PA scores. Finally, an association between burnout syndrome and depression was identified in the evaluations carried out during the pandemic considering both the total sample and the analysis per gender. The study shows that teachers’ mental health has been negatively affected by the pandemic. Efforts from the education system and health authorities are crucial to design and implement strategies to improve teachers’ mental health during the fight against COVID-19.
The Open Marxism of José Carlos Mariátegui
Authors: Kline Curtis 
Published: May 2022

The contextual and challenging Marxism of José Carlos Mariátegui allowed for the opening of a theory often considered rigid and closed. Likewise, the current project of open Marxism resists a theory that accepts the limits found in a given world as its own theoretical limits. Engagement with some of the ideas of Mariátegui might help elucidate the openness of his Marxism and offer different perspectives and theoretical directions to that project. El marxismo contextual y desafiante de José Carlos Mariátegui permitió la apertura de una teoría a menudo vista como rígida y cerrada. Del mismo modo, el actual proyecto del marxismo abierto se resiste a una teoría que acepte los límites de un mundo dado como sus propios límites teóricos. La interacción con algunas de las ideas de Mariátegui podría ayudar a dilucidar la apertura de su marxismo y ofrecer diferentes perspectivas y direcciones teóricas a dicho proyecto.
An Investigation of the Implications of Visual Impairment for Illumination Requirements
Authors: Hauck Nico , Mahdavi Ardeshir 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The present contribution mainly focuses on the evaluation of the visual performance of people with impaired vision and, for comparison purposes, individuals with typical vision under different lighting conditions. Methods: A monitor with adjustable brightness facilitated various test runs to determine the visual performance as a function of the adaptation luminance and glare. In addition, the subjective impressions of the participants with impaired vision were queried via interviews. The study included 98 people with impaired vision and 38 people without visual impairments. Results: The interview results suggest that most people with visual impairments require special lighting conditions. An increased lighting requirement is observed amongst 50% of this group. Moreover, 75% of this group display increased glare sensitivity. Likewise, adaptation problems and critical issues related to nonuniform lighting are manifest. Individuals with impaired vision included in this study display a greatly reduced contrast threshold and a higher subjective level of discomfort compared to individuals with typical vision.Discussion: Most visually impaired participants state that they require a higher degree of brightness to achieve their maximum personal visual performance. However, about a quarter of the participants reported that they achieve a better visual performance at lower brightness, while displaying an increased sensitivity to glare. In general, glare has a decisive influence on the visual performance of the participants with impaired vision in our study. Implications for Practitioners: The study reconfirms the essential importance of glare-free and uniform general lighting strategies (e.g., via predominantly indirect lighting) as well as avoiding abrupt spatiotemporal luminance changes (e.g., via provision of a transition zone between locations with very different luminance levels).
Through Jean Anyon’s “Screen Door”: The Differentially Racialized Incursion of the Neoliberal State in Milwaukee and Detroit Schools
Authors: Pedroni Thomas C. 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: Research has documented educational neoliberalization as a disrupter of “failing” urban schools and a driver of the remaking of urban space for development interests, through the dislocation of low-income communities of color. Such research draws upon Jean Anyon’s work on cities, schools, race, and inequality, yet undertheorizes the nexus of race and political economy by positing their interplay as straightforward and unvariegated. Purpose/Objective: This article documents differential racialization in neoliberal education reform across two urban contexts—Milwaukee and Detroit—and therewith seeks to build theory aligned with Jean Anyon’s final wish to complicate her work in urban educational political economy with more rich accounts of the intersection of race and political economy. Research Design: This comparative study utilizes discourse analysis of key educational policy documents and ethnographic work with educational policy actors in both contexts. Findings/Results: Market-based educational reform agendas in the two cities’ school systems proceeded from differing assemblages of political actors and regional particularities, and had as primary demonstrative objective different neoliberal outcomes. While in Milwaukee neoliberals capitalized upon Black disaffection from public schools to demonstrate the political viability of diverting public educational funds to the private sector, the imposition of such reform in Detroit buttressed the spatial reorganization of a shrinking city for the purpose of accumulation by dispossession rooted in the real estate market. Conclusions/Recommendations: Drawing upon these findings, the study recommends a more refined critical racial lens to augment Jean Anyon’s political economy, arguing for a more nuanced and practicable understanding of racialized neoliberal urbanism and its contestation.
Desettling History: Non-Indigenous Teachers’ Practices and Tensions Engaging Indigenous Knowledges
Authors: Conrad Jenni 
Published: May 2022

Background/Context: For educators committed to unraveling racism and colonial bias in world history courses, challenges persist—particularly with Indigenous peoples and knowledges. Typical history curriculum, standards, and instructional tools misrepresent Indigenous peoples and knowledges in damaging and inaccurate ways. In cities, where Indigenous peoples and the natural world are often presumed distant, teachers may especially struggle to disrupt these patterns. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This study explores the efforts of two experienced urban secondary teachers nominated by local Indigenous educators, asking: How do teachers craft globally-oriented history instruction that engages Indigenous knowledges in historical inquiry? Population/Participants/Subjects: Both participants were experienced social studies teachers in or near West Coast cities, in public schools with strong racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity. Julie (a white woman in her late 50s) taught in a small alternative middle school, while Teacher X (a Xicano/Latino man in his early 40s) taught in a large comprehensive high school. Research Design: This qualitative comparative case study relied on teacher interviews, class observations, and document analysis. Student and colleague interviews supported triangulation. Findings/Results: Findings indicate three teaching practices for desettling expectations (Bang et al., 2012) in historical inquiry: (1) strengthening context for Indigenous knowledges and sovereignty to counter colonial patterns of erasure; (2) using historiographical counter-narratives to show how interpretations of history are situated in colonial power relations; and (3) offering experiential and place-based learning with Indigenous knowledges beyond the classroom. Although both teachers worked to desettle expectations in these ways, only one showed consistency with centering Indigenous knowledges in observed practice. Conclusions/Recommendations: Personal resonance with relational and place-based learning appears crucial for teaching Indigenous historical perspectives meaningfully, which may prove challenging for teachers who identify as “urban” in ways perceived as distant from the natural world. Combined with the three practices above, teachers’ ongoing, reciprocal relationships with Indigenous peoples and homelands shaped their effectiveness in engaging Indigenous knowledges as valid and generative for historical inquiry, offering implications for practitioners and scholars in global historical inquiry and teacher education.
Collaborating for Improvement? Goal Specificity and Commitment in Targeted Teacher Partnerships
Authors: Patrick Susan K. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Collaboration among teachers is now considered a marker of effective schools and key to creating successful professional learning opportunities. However, the nature and efficacy of collaboration vary widely, and research suggests that collaborative efforts often fail to promote teacher development. Purpose: This study draws on goal-setting theory from the organizational and management literatures, as well as prior research on improvement-focused teacher collaboration, to explore specific features of teacher collaborative partnerships developed through the Instructional Partnership Initiative (IPI) in Tennessee. This analysis categorizes the goal specificity and goal commitment of teachers’ IPI collaboration and explores individual, relational, and organizational factors associated with high specificity and high commitment. Setting: The IPI is a voluntary statewide teacher development program in Tennessee. Principals pair teachers based on complementary areas of strength and weakness in specific domains of teaching practice based on indicator scores from their teacher observations. Participants/Sample: This study focuses on 48 Tennessee teachers who participated in IPI during the 2016–2017 year and who were interviewed as part of a broader implementation study of IPI. This implementation study purposively sampled schools and teachers who had more robust implementation of IPI. Research Design and Analysis: This qualitative study uses teacher interview data to categorize the goal specificity, goal commitment, and perceived benefits of IPI for 48 participating teachers. After categorizing teacher partnerships using theoretically driven codes, this analysis compared high-specificity/high-commitment and low-specificity/low-commitment partnerships using four illustrative case studies. Findings: Teachers’ reported experiences with IPI varied based on the level of goal specificity and goal commitment in their partnership. Teachers in high-specificity/high-commitment partnerships tended to describe more in-depth participation and perceived greater benefits of participation. Teachers’ mindsets about improvement, perceptions about teaching expertise, and their principals’ approach to implementing IPI all appeared to be associated with the reported level of goal specificity and commitment. Conclusion: As posited by goal-setting theorists, teachers seemed to benefit the most from participating in IPI when they had a specific goal and when they expressed commitment to that goal as a mechanism for their own improvement. The findings reinforce how peer observations can be particularly fruitful sites for collaborative learning among teachers, highlight the challenges of using teacher evaluation data to support collaborative learning, and discuss the important role played by school leaders in implementing teacher collaborative efforts in schools.
Bayesian Games with Rationally Inattentive Players
Authors: Wang Rongyu 
Published: May 2022

We study how scarcity of attention affects strategic choice behaviour in a 2-player incomplete information entry game. Scarcity of attention is a common psychological character among population ( Kahnemann, 1973 , Attention and effort, Prentice Hall), and it is modelled by the rational inattention approach introduced by Sims (1998 , Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 49, 317–356). In this game, players acquire information about their private payoff shocks at a cost, which follows a high-low binary distribution. We find that high information cost can generate multiple equilibria, and the number of equilibria differs with respect to different ranges of information cost. The number of equilibria could be 1, 5 or 3. Increasing the information cost could encourage or discourage a player to choose entry in some equilibria. This depends on whether the prior probability of high payoff shocks is greater than a given threshold value. We also exhibit a necessary and sufficient condition of parameter specification such that with the same set of parameters satisfying this condition, both the rational inattention Bayesian game and a Bayesian quantal response equilibrium game where the observation errors are additive and follow a Type-I extreme value distribution can have a common equilibrium. JEL: C72, D91
Non-invasive and invasive measurement of skeletal muscular oxygenation during isolated limb perfusion
Authors: Corderfeldt Keiller Anna , Holmén Anna , Hansson Christoffer , Ricksten Sven-Erik , Bragadottir Gudrun , Olofsson Bagge Roger 
Published: May 2022

Background Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a regional surgical treatment for localized metastatic disease. High doses of chemotherapeutic agents are administered within an extracorporeal circulated isolated extremity, treating the metastasis, while systemic toxicity is avoided. To our knowledge, indexed oxygen supply/demand relationship during ILP has not previously been described. Our aim was to measure and describe oxygen metabolism, specifically oxygen delivery, consumption, and extraction, in an isolated leg/arm during ILP. Also investigate whether invasive oxygenation measurement during ILP correlates and can be used interchangeable with the non-invasive method, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods: Data from 40 patients scheduled for ILP were included. At six time points blood samples were drawn during the procedure. DO2, VO2, and O2ER were calculated according to standard formulas. NIRS and hemodynamics were recorded every 10 min. Results: For all observations, the mean of DO2 was 190±59 ml/min/m2, VO2 was 35±8 ml/min/m2, and O2ER was 21±8%. VO2 was significantly higher in legs compared to arms (38±8 vs. 29±7 ml/min/m2, p=0.02). Repeated measures showed a significant decrease in DO2 in legs (209±65 to 180±66 ml/min/m2, p=<0.01) and in arms (252±72 to 150±57 ml/min/m2, p=<0.01). Significant increase in O2ER in arms was also found (p=0.03). Significant correlation was detected between NIRS and venous extremity oxygen saturation (SveO2) (rrm=0.568, p=<. 001, 95% CI 0.397–0.701). When comparing SveO2 and NIRS using a Bland–Altman analysis, the mean difference (bias) was 8.26±13.03 (p=<. 001) and the limit of agreement was − 17.28–33.09, with an error of 32.5%. Conclusion: DO2 above 170 ml/min/m2 during ILP kept O2ER below 30% for all observations. NIRS correlates significant to SveO2; however, the two methods do not agree sufficiently to work interchangeable. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT04460053 and NCT03073304.
Study on the correlation between high density lipoprotein and lower extremities deep venous thrombosis in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty
Authors: Li Yong , Shan Junbiao 
Published: May 2022

Objective To explore the relationship between high density lipoprotein (HDL) and lower extremities deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Methods A total of 348 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty in our hospital were enrolled, and divided into observation ( n = 154, 44.25%) and control ( n = 194, 55.75%) groups according to the occurrence of lower extremities DVT. The presence of DVT was assessed 1 day before surgery and routinely every 2 days after surgery. The factors of DVT were analyzed by single factor analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Pearson correlation. Results The age and body mass index in the observation group were significantly higher ( p = .045, p = .041, respectively), while HDL-C was significantly lower ( p = .032) than the control group. Increase age, high BMI, low apolipoprotein-A1 level and low HDL-C level were risk factors for lower extremities DVT. The mean HDL-C in the observation and control groups was 0.91 ± 0.27 and 1.19 ± 0.37, respectively, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.050; 95% CI 1.010–1.092, p = .014. Conclusion Elderly patients with high BMI and low HDL-C level undergoing hip arthroplasty are at risk of lower extremities DVT, and should be paid attention to clinically.