bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Chemistry of the Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage System 2,3‐Dicyano‐Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane on Ni(111)
Authors: Hemauer Felix , Bauer Udo , Fromm Lukas , Weiß Cornelius , Leng Andreas , Bachmann Philipp , Düll Fabian , Steinhauer Johann , Schwaab Valentin , Grzonka Robert , Hirsch Andreas , Görling Andreas , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Papp Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Dr. Christian Papp at Physical Chemistry II of FAU Erlangen‐Nürnberg and FU Berlin. The image shows the isomerization reaction of the molecule pair 2,3‐dicyano‐norbornadiene/quadricyclane as potential molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage system. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202200199.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Metal‐Free C−H Functionalization: Access to New Bioactive Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐Butenolide Hybrids via Domino Amine Oxidation/Vinylogous Mannich Reaction
Authors: Kersting Lena , Kuhn Leah , Anokhin Maksim , Schuster Florian , Häberli Cécile , Sambyal Shainy , Kumar Halmuthur M. Sampath , Keiser Jennifer , Alabugin Igor , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Svetlana B. Tsogoeva (Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Germany). The image shows a new efficient metal‐free, visible‐light‐mediated, aerobic amine oxidation/vinylogous Mannich domino reaction, using fluorescein as a photosensitizer and thiourea as a simple additive. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cptc.202200109.
Tetrahydropalmatine induces the polarization of M1 macrophages to M2 to relieve limb ischemia‐reperfusion‐induced lung injury via inhibiting the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wen Heng , Lu Dongshi , Chen Hanjian , Zhu Yeke , Xie Qing , Zhang Zhao , Wu Zhouyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTetrahydropalmatine (THP) is the main component of the Chinese medicine Corydalis yanhusuo, which has been reported to alleviate limb ischemia‐reperfusion‐induced acute lung injury (LIR‐ALI). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of THP on relieving LIR‐ALI. LIR‐ALI model was established in rats with the presence or absence of THP pretreatment. Then, BEAS‐2B cells and THP‐1 macrophages were cocultured with rat serum from the Sham group and the Model group in the presence or absence of THP pretreatment. Subsequently, lung/body weight and lung wet/dry ratio of rats were calculated. Histological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Expression of CD86 and CD163 in lung tissues of rats was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry staining, and flow cytometry analysis. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of proteins related to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)/NLRP3 signaling was detected by western blot analysis. Results revealed that THP significantly relieved LIR‐ALI in rats. Moreover, THP also reduced CD86 expression but elevated CD163 expression in lung tissues of rats with LIR‐ALI. Furthermore, THP inhibited inflammation in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of rats with LIR‐ALI and inactivated the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling in vivo. Additionally, coculture of serum from rats in the Model group also reduced viability, promoted inflammation, inactivated TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 expression in BEAS‐2B cells and inhibited macrophage polarization, while these effects were all reversed by THP treatment. Collectively, THP could induce the polarization of M1 macrophage to M2 to suppress inflammation via inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling, thereby attenuating LIR‐ALI.
Inference of population structure and admixture proportion from Y chromosomal data of Chinese population
Authors: Song Mengyuan , Wang Xindi , Zhao Chenxi , Qian Xiaoqin , Lang Min , Hou Yiping , Song Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the past two decades, Y chromosome data has been generated for human population genetic studies. These Y chromosome datasets were produced with various testing methods and markers, thus difficult to combine them for a comprehensive analysis. In this study, we combine four human Y chromosomal datasets of Han, Tibetan, Hui, and Li ethnic groups. The dataset contains 27 microsatellites and 137 single nucleotide polymorphisms these populations share in common. We assembled a single dataset containing 2439 individuals from 25 nationwide populations in China. A systematic analysis of genetic distance and clustering was performed. To determine the gene flow of the studied population with worldwide populations, we modeled the ancestry informative markers. The reference panel was regarded as a mixture of South Asian (SAS), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), African (AFR), and American (AMR) populations from 1000 Genomes data of Y chromosome using nonlinear data‐fitting. We then calculated the admixture proportion of these four studied populations with 26 worldwide populations. The results showed that the Han and Hui have great genetic affinity, and Hui is the most admixed ethnic group, with 61.53% EAS, 34.65% SAS, 1.91% AFR, 1.56% AMR, and 0.04% EUR ancestry component (the AMR is highly admixed and thus should be ignored). All the other three ethnic groups contained more than 97% EAS ancestry component. The Li is the least admixed population in this study. The combined dataset in this study is the largest of this kind reported to date and proposes reference population data for use in future paternal genetic studies and forensic genealogical identification.
Concepts and recent advances in microchip electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry: Technologies and applications
Authors: Naghdi Elahe , Moran Griffin E. , Reinau Marika Ejby , De Malsche Wim , Neusüß Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe online coupling of microchip electrophoresis (ME) as a fast, highly efficient, and low‐cost miniaturized separation technique to mass spectrometry (MS) as an information‐rich and sensitive characterization technique results in ME–MS an attractive tool for various applications. In this paper, we review the basic concepts and latest advances in technology for ME coupled to MS during the period of 2016–2021, covering microchip materials, structures, fabrication techniques, and interfacing to electrospray ionization (ESI)–MS and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization–MS. Two critical issues in coupling ME and ESI–MS include the electrical connection used to define the electrophoretic field strength along the separation channel and the generation of the electrospray for MS detection, as well as, a miniaturized ESI‐tip. The recent commercialization of ME–MS in zone electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing modes has led to the widespread application of these techniques in academia and industry. Here we summarize recent applications of ME–MS for the separation and detection of antibodies, proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, metabolites, and so on. Throughout the paper these applications are discussed in the context of benefits and limitations of ME–MS in comparison to alternative techniques.
Mulberry leaves juice attenuates arsenic‐induced neurobehavioral and hepatic disorders in mice
Authors: Islam Zohurul , Islam Jahidul , Tony Selim Reza , Anjum Adiba , Ferdous Rafia , Roy Apurba Kumar , Hossain Shakhawoat , Salam Kazi Abdus , Nikkon Farjana , Hossain Khaled , Saud Zahangir Alam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArsenic (As) poisoning has caused an environmental catastrophe in Bangladesh as millions of people are exposed to As‐contaminated drinking water. Chronic As‐exposure causes depression, memory impairment, and liver injury in experimental animals. This study was carried out to assess the protective effect of mulberry leaves juice (Mul) against As‐induced neurobehavioral and hepatic dysfunctions in Swiss albino mice. As‐exposed mice spent significantly reduced time in open arms and increased time spent in closed arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, whereas they took significantly longer time to find the hidden platform in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and spent significantly less time in the desired quadrant when compared to the control mice. A significant reduction in serum BChE activity, an indicator of As‐induced neurotoxicity‐associated behavioral changes, was noted in As‐exposed mice compared to control mice. Supplementation of Mul to As‐exposed mice significantly increased serum BChE activity, increased the time spent in open arms and reduced time latency to find the hidden platform, and stayed more time in the target quadrant in EPM and MWM tests, respectively, compared to As‐exposed‐only mice. Also, a significantly reduced activity of BChE, AChE, SOD, and GSH in brain, and elevated ALP, AST, and ALT activities in serum were noted in As‐exposed mice when compared to control mice. Mul supplementation significantly restored the activity of these enzymes and also recovered As‐induced alterations in hepatic tissue in As‐exposed mice. In conclusion, this study suggested that mulberry leaves juice attenuates As‐induced neurobehavioral and hepatic dysfunction in mice.
The effect of soda taxes beyond beverages in Philadelphia
Authors: Lozano‐Rojas Felipe , Carlin Patrick 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoda taxes are implemented in several cities across the United States (US) with the aim of reducing sugar intake from sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs). Sugar is linked to obesity and to higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Sodas are targeted with these taxes since they are the main source of sugar for consumers in the US. In presence of potential substitutes, the policy can be undermined by consumers changing their sources of sugar. We examine the heterogeneous effects of the 2017 Philadelphia soda tax on purchases of other items containing sugar. We present an empirical evaluation focusing on the potential substitution toward additional sugary foods in Philadelphia and counties bordering Philadelphia. We find an increase in sugar from purchases of sweetened foods of about 4.3% following the introduction of the tax in Philadelphia and of 3.7% in the neighboring localities. The substitution to sugary foods in Philadelphia offsets 19% of the decrease of sugar from SSBs. Additionally, we find that the substitution offsets 37% of the decrease of sugar from SSBs when including counties bordering Philadelphia. These results suggest that while SSB taxes might be effective at lowering consumption of SSBs, substitution patterns may limit the effectiveness of the tax to reduce overall sugar intake.
Patterns and correlates of hepatitis C virus phylogenetic clustering among people living with HIV in Australia in the direct‐acting antiviral era: A molecular epidemiology study among participants in the CEASE cohort
Authors: Bartlett Sofia R. , Verich Andrey , Carson Joanne , Hosseini‐Hooshyar Samira , Read Phillip , Baker David , Post Jeffrey J. , Finlayson Robert , Bloch Mark , Doyle Joseph S. , Shaw David , Hellard Margaret , Martinez Maria , Marks Philippa , Dore Gregory J. , Matthews Gail V. , Applegate Tanya , Martinello Marianne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn moving towards the elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people living with HIV, understanding HCV transmission patterns may provide insights to guide and evaluate interventions. In this study, we evaluated patterns of, and factors associated with HCV phylogenetic clustering among people living with HIV/HCV co‐infection in Australia in the direct‐acting antiviral era.MethodsHCV RNA was extracted from dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected between 2014 and 2018 in the CEASE cohort study. The HCV Core‐E2 region was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequenced. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees (1000 bootstrap replicates) were used to identify patterns of clustering (3% genetic distance threshold). Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to determine correlates of phylogenetic clustering. Factors assessed were sexual risk behavior, education, injecting drug use, housing, employment, HIV viral load, age, sex, and sexuality.ResultsPhylogenetic trees were reconstructed for HCV subtype 1a (n = 139) and 3a (n = 63) sequences, with 29% (58/202) in a pair or cluster. Overall (n = 202), phylogenetic clustering was positively associated with younger age (under 40; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–5.29), and among gay and bisexual men (n = 168), was positively associated with younger age (aOR 2.61, 95% CI 1.10–6.19), higher education (aOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.09–6.13), and reporting high‐risk sexual behavior (aOR 3.94, 95% CI 1.31–11.84). During follow‐up, five reinfections were observed, but none were in phylogenetic clusters.ConclusionThis study found a high proportion of phylogenetic relatedness, predominantly among younger people and gay and bisexual men reporting high‐risk sexual behavior. Despite this, few reinfections were observed, and reinfections demonstrated little relationship with known clusters. These findings highlight the importance of rapid HCV treatment initiation, together with monitoring of the phylogeny.
National trends in obesity in pregnant women from Uruguay, 2012–2019: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cormick Gabriela , Tomasso Giselle , Aleman Alicia , Gibbons Luz , Belizán José M. 
Published: August 2022

SynopsisThere is a sustained annual increase of overweight and obesity in pregnant women in Uruguay with almost 45% incidence of overweight or obesity in 2019.
Efficacy of 12 weeks oral beta‐alanine supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: De Brandt Jana , Derave Wim , Vandenabeele Frank , Pomiès Pascal , Blancquaert Laura , Keytsman Charly , Barusso‐Grüninger Marina S. , de Lima Fabiano F. , Hayot Maurice , Spruit Martijn A. , Burtin Chris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine, an abundant endogenous antioxidant and pH buffer in skeletal muscle. Carnosine loading promotes exercise capacity in healthy older adults. As patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer from elevated exercise‐induced muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress and acidosis, and from reduced muscle carnosine stores, it was investigated whether BA supplementation augments muscle carnosine and induces beneficial changes in exercise capacity, quadriceps function, and muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress in patients with COPD.MethodsIn this double‐blind, randomized, placebo (PL)‐controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02770417), 40 patients (75% male) with COPD (mean ± standard deviation: age 65 ± 6 years; FEV1% predicted 55 ± 14%) were assigned to 12 weeks oral BA or PL supplementation (3.2 g/day). The primary outcome, i.e. muscle carnosine, was quantified from m. vastus lateralis biopsies obtained before and after intervention. Co‐primary outcomes, i.e. incremental and constant work rate cycle capacity, were also assessed. Linear mixed model analyses were performed. Compliance with and side effects of supplement intake and secondary outcomes (quadriceps strength and endurance, and muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress) were also assessed.ResultsBeta‐alanine supplementation increased muscle carnosine in comparison with PL in patients with COPD (mean difference [95% confidence interval]; +2.82 [1.49–4.14] mmol/kg wet weight; P < 0.001). Maximal incremental cycling capacity (VO2peak: +0.5 [−0.7 to 1.7] mL/kg/min; P = 0.384, Wpeak: +5 [−1 to 11] W; P = 0.103) and time to exhaustion on the constant work rate cycle test (+28 [−179 to 236] s; P = 0.782) did not change significantly. Compliance with supplement intake was similar in BA (median (quartile 1–quartile 3); 100 (98–100)%) and PL (98 (96–100)%) (P = 0.294) groups, and patients did not report side effects possibly related to supplement intake. No change was observed in secondary outcomes.ConclusionsBeta‐alanine supplementation is efficacious in augmenting muscle carnosine (+54% from mean baseline value) without side effects in patients with COPD in comparison with PL. However, accompanied beneficial changes in exercise capacity, quadriceps function, and muscle oxidative/carbonyl stress were not observed.
Amaranth calcium oxalate crystals are associated with chloroplast structures and proteins
Authors: Cerritos‐Castro Ivan Takeshi , Patrón‐Soberano Araceli , Bojórquez‐Velázquez Esaú , González‐Escobar Jorge Luis , Vargas‐Ortiz Erandi , Muñoz‐Sandoval Emilio , Barba de la Rosa Ana Paulina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCalcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in plants are formed in crystal idioblasts cells and have specific geometric shapes. Their proposed functions include calcium homeostasis and carbon source, among others. Amaranth is a plant that presents high tolerance to abiotic stresses and accumulates considerable amounts of CaOx crystals; however, few studies have focused on characterizing the crystals ultrastructure and none is related to identifying proteins bound to them. This information is of great interest to understand the mechanisms related to CaOx crystal formation and to support their proposed functions. Thus, this work aimed to characterize CaOx crystals in amaranth leaves. Crystals were purified and the proteins bound to them were isolated and identified by nLC–MS/MS. Leaf sections were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The identified proteins were related to the chloroplast such as ATPb synthase, RuBisCO large subunit, and cell wall‐related proteins, which were validated by immunohistochemistry and immunogold labeling. In addition, it was observed that CaOx crystal idioblasts were formed from parenchyma cells associated with mesophyll and veins, in which the thylakoid membranes of degraded chloroplasts turned into crystal chambers. These results significantly advance our understanding of the mechanisms of CaOx crystal formation and the potential function as an alternative carbon source in leaves.
Estimating the costs of physician turnover in hospital medicine
Authors: Pappas Matthew A. , Stoller James K. , Shaker Victoria , Houser James , Misra‐Hebert Anita D. , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveCosts of physician turnover are lacking for specialties organized around a site of care. We sought to estimate the cost of physician turnover in adult hospital medicine (HM).Design, Setting, ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study within a large integrated health system between July 2017 and June 2020. To understand likely variation across the country, we also simulated costs using national wage data and a range of assumptions.Main Outcome and MeasuresDirect costs of turnover borne by our department and institution and indirect costs from reduced hospital billing. In our simulation, we measured costs per hired hospitalist.ResultsBetween July 2017 and June 2020, 34 hospitalists left the practice, 97 hospitalists were hired, and a total of 234 hospitalists provided adult care at six hospitals. Direct costs of turnover totaled $6166 per incoming physician. Additional clinical coverage required at times of transition was the largest expense, followed by physician time recruiting and interviewing prospective candidates. The salary difference between outgoing and incoming hospitalists was cost‐saving, while reduced billing would add to indirect costs per hire. In our simulation using national wage data, programs hiring one hospitalist would spend a mean of $56,943 (95% CI: $27,228–$86,659), programs hiring five hospitalists would spend a mean of $33,333 per hospitalist (95% CI: $9375–$57,292), and programs hiring 10 hospitalists would spend a mean of $30,382 per hospitalist (95% CI: $6877–$53,887).ConclusionsThe financial cost of turnover in HM appears to be substantially lower than earlier estimates of the cost of turnover from non‐hospitalist specialties.
Pencil‐beam scanning proton therapy for the treatment of glomus jugulare tumours
Authors: Kubeš Jiří , Vondráček Vladimír , Andrlik Michal , Navrátil Matěj , Sláviková Silvia , Klika Daniel , Haas Alexandra , Dědečková Kateřina , Kopečková Kateřina , Ondrová Barbora , Rotnáglová Eliška , Vinakurau Štěpán , Grebenyuk Alexander , Rosina Jozef 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlomus jugulare tumours (GJT) are benign tumours that arise locally and destructively in the base of the skull and can be successfully treated with radiotherapy. Patients have a long‐life expectancy and the late effects of radiotherapy can be serious. Proton radiotherapy reduces doses to critical organs and can reduce late side effects of radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to report feasibility and early clinical results of 12 patients treated using proton therapy.MethodsBetween December 2013 and June 2019, 12 patients (pts) with GJT (median volume 20.4 cm3; range 8.5–41 cm3) were treated with intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Median dose was 54 GyE (Gray Equivalents) (50–60 GyE) with daily fractions of 2 GyE. Twelve patients were analysed with a median follow‐up time of 42.2 months (11.3–86.7). Feasibility, dosimetric parameters, acute and late toxicity and local effect on tumour were evaluated in this retrospective study.ResultsAll patients finished treatment without interruption, with excellent dosimetric parameters and mild acute toxicity. Stabilisation of tumour size was detected on MRI in all patients. No changes in symptoms were observed in comparison with pre‐treatment conditions. No late effects of radiotherapy were observed.ConclusionPencil‐beam scanning proton radiotherapy is highly feasible in the treatment of large GJT with mild acute toxicity and promising short‐term results. Longer follow‐up and larger patient cohorts are required to further identify the role of pencil‐beam scanning (PBS) for this indication.
Novel mutations in antiviral multiresistant HSV‐2 genital lesion: A case report
Authors: Khellaf Lucas , Bouscarat Fabrice , Burrel Sonia , Fidouh Nadhira , Hachon Lorry , Bucau Margot , Lariven Sylvie , Boutolleau David , Joly Véronique , Ghosn Jade , Le Pluart Diane , Thy Michaël 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHSV‐2 antiviral resistance mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients and especially in HIV‐positive individuals receiving long‐term antiviral treatment. Those situations can be challenging as few alternatives are available for HSV infection management. To describe clinical and virological significance of two novel potential HSV‐2 resistance mutations after treating an obese patient with a pseudotumoral genital HSV‐related lesion. Consecutive different antiviral treatments were used: valacyclovir (VACV) then foscarnet (FOS) then topical cidofovir (CDV) and finally imiquimod. Under VACV, genotypic resistance testing revealed a novel mutation within viral thymidine kinase (TK, gene UL23) not previously reported but probably accounting for antiviral resistance: W89G, similar to W88R mutation reported in HSV‐1 TK, known to be associated with ACV resistance for HSV‐1. Under FOS, while initial mutations were still present, a second genotypic resistance testing performed on persisting lesions showed a novel mutation within viral DNA polymerase (DNA pol, gene UL30): C625R. All three antivirals used in this case are small molecules and pharmacokinetics of VACV, FOS, and CDV have not been evaluated in animals and there are very few studies in human. As small molecules are poorly bound to proteins and distribution volume is increased in obese patients, there is risk of underdosage. This mechanism is suspected to be involved in emergence of resistance mutation and further data is needed to adapt, closely to patient profile, antiviral dosage. This report describes a chronic HSV‐2 genital lesion, with resistance to current antivirals and novel mutations within viral TK and DNA pol which may confer antiviral resistance.