bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canola as a potential forage
Authors: Safaei Amir Reza , Rouzbehan Yousef , Aghaalikhani Majid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The nutritive quality of four cultivars of canola forage (Brassica napus L.), Orient, Midas, Global, and Hybrid (Cobra × Regent), which were harvested in the early-spring period, were compared with green-winter barley (GWB) in terms of their yields, chemical composition, in vitro gas production variables, in situ crude protein (CP) degradation, and predicted dry matter intake (PDMI). Data were statistically analyzed using a completely randomized design with four replications and three samples per replication. The study was based on a randomized complete block design, and data were analyzed using SAS, general linear model procedure for normal distribution. The canola dry matter (DM) yield was highest in Orient cultivar and lowest in Midas (P &lt; 0.05). Organic matter (OM), CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and lignin(sa) concentration of the four cultivars ranged from 862 to 865, 218 to 247, 295 to 340, and 35 to 53 g/kg DM, respectively. The estimated OM disappearance (OMD), effective degradability of CP, effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), digestible undegradable protein, and metabolizable protein (MP) of the forages were from 636 to 671 g/kg, 878 to 910, 172 to 193, 1.9 to 3.4, and 112 to 126 g/kg DM, respectively. Compared to Global and Hybrid cultivars, Orient and Midas contained higher CP, OMD, ERDP, MP concentration, and PDMI, but lower NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin(sa) concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). The level of glucosinolates in the forages ranged from 0.38 to 1.51 µmol/g DM, which is below the detrimental level for ruminants. Compared to winter canola cultivars, GWB had higher DM yield (P &lt; 0.003), NDF, lignin(sa), PDMI (P &lt; 0.01), and digestible undegradable protein (P &lt; 0.04), but had lower OMD (P &lt; 0.03), ERDP (P = 0.01), and MP (P &lt; 0.009). Based on the obtained results, the variation in the nutritive quality among the canola cultivars is relatively small, and the Orient cultivar, which is most comparable to GWB, was judged to be nutritionally the best among the cultivars.
Co-infection of mammarenaviruses in a wild mouse, Tanzania
Authors: Cuypers Laura N , Čížková Dagmar , de Bellocq Joëlle Goüy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mammarenaviruses are bi-segmented RNA viruses. They encompass viruses responsible for several severe diseases in humans. While performing a de novo assembly of a new virus found in a wild single-striped grass mouse in Tanzania, we found a single S but two divergent L segments. Natural co-infections, common within reptarenaviruses in captivity, were never reported for mammarenaviruses and never in a wild sample. This finding can have implications for virus evolution as co-infection could trigger viral recombination/reassortment in natural reservoirs.
Jesuit Missionaries in Early-Twentieth-Century Alaska, Colonialism, and Categories of “Superstition”
Authors: Clark Emily Suzanne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article unpacks Jesuit assessments of Indigenous Alaskan religious practices and does so through a focus on how Jesuit missionaries wrote about “superstition” and, especially, “medicine men” or “shamans.” Through a close reading of the Jesuits’ mission records, we can see the Jesuit, missionary, colonizing lens through which they viewed Indigenous Alaskan communities and their cultures. In particular, the “shamans” were of great interest to the Jesuits. The Jesuits saw these “superstitions” as an obstacle to their mission and the shaman as their major foe. Perhaps to explain the challenges of mission work, the Jesuits needed a foe. Native “superstitions” and the medicine men provided that.  I argue that the missionaries were an arm of colonialism, and furthermore that their targeting of Indigenous religion and religious leaders were actions of ideological, social, cultural, psychological, emotional, and religious colonialism.
Organ-specific efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with first-line single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Deng Jiayi , Gao Ming , Gou Qing , Xu Chongrui , Yan Honghong , Yang Mingyi , Li Jiakang , Yang Xiaorong , Wei Xuewu , Zhou Qing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is affected by multiple factors. This study aimed to explore whether sites of metastasis are associated with clinical outcomes of ICIs in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods:
The data of NSCLC patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and good performance status receiving first-line ICIs monotherapy from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between May 2019 and July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Metastatic sites included liver, bone, brain, adrenal gland, pleura, and contralateral lung. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between different metastatic sites and metastatic burden by the Kaplan-Meier method. Organ-specific disease control rate (OSDCR) of different individual metastatic sites was evaluated.

Results:
Forty NSCLC patients meeting the criteria were identified. The presence of liver metastasis was significantly associated with shorter PFS (3.1 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0005) and OS (11.1 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0016). Besides, patients with bone metastasis tend to get shorter PFS (4.2 vs. 15.5 months, P = 0.0532) rather than OS (P = 0.6086). Moreover, the application of local treatment could numerically prolong PFS in patients with brain metastasis (15.5 vs. 4.3 months, P = 0.1894). More metastatic organs involved were associated with inferior PFS (P = 0.0052) but not OS (P = 0.0791). The presence of liver metastasis or bone metastasis was associated with more metastatic organs (Phi[ϕ]: 0.516, P = 0.001). The highest OSDCR was observed in lung (15/17), and the lowest in the liver (1/4).

Conclusions:
Metastases in different anatomical locations may be associated with different clinical outcomes and local tumor response to ICIs in NSCLC. ICIs monotherapy shows limited efficacy in patients with liver and bone metastasis, thus patients with this type of metastasis might require more aggressive combination strategies.
Audiometric Outcomes After Surgical Repair of Congenital Aural Atresia: Does Age Matter?
Authors: Jonas Rachel H. , Casazza Geoffrey C. , Kesser Bradley W. 
Published: July 2022

Objective
To determine if there is an age-based difference in audiometric outcomes for patients undergoing primary congenital aural atresia (CAA) repair.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
Single academic, high-volume, tertiary care hospital.

Patients
Individuals undergoing primary CAA repair by a single surgeon between 2004 and 2020.

Intervention(s)
CAA repair.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Preoperative and postoperative four tone (500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 Hz) air-conduction pure-tone average (PTA), bone-conduction PTA, air-bone gap and speech reception threshold, and preoperative to postoperative change in values.

Results
We identified 247 patients (262 ears) who underwent repair. The mean and median ages were approximately 12 and 8.5 years, respectively, both of which served as cutoff ages to compare younger versus older patients. The average preoperative to postoperative improvement values in air-conduction PTA, air-bone gap, and speech reception threshold for individuals younger than 12 years were 26.6 ± 10.2, 23.8 ± 12.6, and 30.1 ± 12.1 dB hearing level (HL), respectively, and those for individuals 12 years or older were 25.9 ± 15.7, 26.2 ± 10.3, and 31.3 ± 12.8 dB HL, respectively. For individuals younger than 8.5 years, the values were 25.8 ± 9.5, 24.9 ± 9.4, and 30.0 ± 10.6 dB HL, respectively, and those for individuals 8.5 years or older were 27.1 ± 13.5, 25.7 ± 11.0, and 30.0 ± 14.6 dB HL, respectively. The improvement did not differ significantly between the younger and older groups, using both cutoff ages. There was no difference in revision surgery rates or complications between groups.

Conclusion
An individual at any age can enjoy audiometric improvement from atresia repair.
New approaches to targeting epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer
Authors: Thompson Daryl , Choo Nicholas , Bolton Damien M. , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Risbridger Gail P. , Lawrence Mitchell G. , Taylor Renea A. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Many clinical trials are currently underway to target the epigenome of castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this review, we summarize the major epigenetic alterations that occur during prostate cancer progression, describe their biological consequences, and highlight potential of therapies that target epigenetic regulators for use in patients.

Recent findings
Epigenetic alterations frequently occur in tumour suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, and genes that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic changes are reversible, making them promising targets for cancer therapy. Epigenetic regulators can be divided into three broad groups: writers, readers, and erasers, each with specific drug targets that are being assessed in phase I and II clinical trials for prostate cancer. CBP/p300, and BRD4 are coregulators of the androgen receptor and inhibit androgen signalling, making bromodomain extra-terminal inhibitors and CBP/p300 inhibitors attractive targets in prostate cancer. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2, a histone methyltransferase, is also a potential target in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. An emerging direction is to combine epigenetic inhibitors with other compounds to enhance their efficacy.

Summary
Preclinical studies indicate that the epigenome is a potential target in prostate cancer, and clinical trials are testing multiple agents that target the epigenome in different ways. However, the process of translating these therapies into the clinic is ongoing and none have yet been approved for castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Treatment and Prevention of Intraabdominal Bleeding in Necrotizing Pancreatitis Patients Treated With a Step-Up Approach
Authors: Luckhurst Casey M. , El Hechi Majed , Maurer Lydia R. , Yamada Kei , Krishnan Kumar , Castillo Carlos Fernández-del , Lillemoe Keith D. , Fagenholz Peter J. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
A minimally invasive step-up (MIS) approach for management of necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) has been associated with reduced morbidity and mortality compared with open surgical techniques. We sought to evaluate bleeding complications in NP patients treated with a MIS approach and to describe the management and outcomes of these events.

Methods
An observational, cohort study was performed using a prospectively maintained NP database at a tertiary referral center from 2013 to 2019.

Results
Of 119 NP patients, 13% suffering bleeding events, and 18% underwent an intervention. There was a 6-fold higher mortality rate in patients with bleeding events (n = 3; 18.8%) compared with those without (n = 3; 2.9%) (P = 0.031). The most common intervention for hemorrhage control was endovascular coil embolization (75%), which was successful 88% of the time. Seven patients underwent prophylactic vascular intervention, which was 100% successful in preventing bleeding events from the embolized vessel.

Conclusions
Bleeding events in NP patients treated with a MIS approach are associated with a 6-fold increase in mortality. Endovascular intervention is an effective strategy for the management of bleeding events. Prophylactic embolization may be an effective technique for reducing bleeding complications.
The Anterolateral Thigh Perforator Flap for Mandibular Reconstruction: A Volumetric and Patient Satisfaction Analysis
Authors: Yin Xuelai , Xu Xiaofeng , Poh Hze-Khoong Eugene , Shi Huan , Hu Yongjie 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
This study investigated the stability and quality of life (QoL) outcomes of patients who received mandibular reconstructions with the anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTF) following tumor resection.

Methods:
Thirty-five patients with oral tumors that were resected and reconstructed with ALTF were included in this study. Volumetric analyses of each ALTF were performed at 6 to 18 months postoperatively. A QoL survey was also conducted 2 years postoperatively and compared by means of an independent-sample t test with 28 patients who had mandibular reconstructions with free fibula flap.

Results:
There were no significant volumetric changes in the ALTF or the QoL results of either group.

Conclusions:
Patients with advanced oral cancers have a higher risk of recurrence that mandates closer radiographic surveillance. This may be impaired by artifacts from metallic implants required in free fibula flap reconstructions. Anterolateral thigh perforator flap may be a viable alternative because it is easier for secondary resection, amenable for direct repairs, has volumetric stability, has a lower cost and results in a comparable QoL outcome.
Cervical cancer screening improvements with self-sampling during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elfström K. Miriam , Dillner Joakim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic cervical screening in the capital region of Sweden was cancelled for several months. A series of measures to preserve and improve the cervical screening under the circumstances were instituted, including a switch to screening with HPV self-sampling to enable screening in compliance with social distancing recommendations.MethodsWe describe the major changes implemented, which were i) nationwide implementation of HPV screening ii) switch to primary self-sampling instead of clinician sampling iii) implementation of HPV screening in all screening ages and iv) combined HPV vaccination and HPV screening in the cervical screening program.ResultsA temporary government regulation allowed primary self-sampling with HPV screening in all ages. In the Stockholm region, 330,000 self-sampling kits were sent to the home address of screening-eligible women, instead of an invitation to clinician sampling. An increase in population test coverage was seen (from 66% to 70% in just one year). In addition, a national campaign for faster elimination of cervical cancer with concomitant screening and vaccination for women in ages 23-28 was launched.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitated major changes in the cervical cancer preventive strategies, where it can already be concluded that the strategy with organised primary self-sampling for HPV has resulted in a major improvement of population test-coverage.FundingFunded by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, the Swedish Cancer Society, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, the Swedish government and the Stockholm county.
Biomarkers and Outcomes in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients: A Prospective Registry
Authors: Khedar Raghubir S , Gupta Rajeev , Sharma Krishna Kumar , Mittal Kartik , Ambaliya Harshad C , Gupta Jugal B , Singh Surendra , Sharma Swati , Singh Yogendra , Mathur Alok 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine association of biomarkers high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at hospital admission with clinical features and outcomes in Covid-19.MethodsSuccessive virologically confirmed Covid-19 patients hospitalized from April 2020 to July 2021 were recruited in a prospective registry. Details of clinical presentation, investigations, management and outcomes were recorded. All the biomarkers were divided into tertiles to determine associations with clinical features and outcomes. Numerical data are presented in median and interquartile range (IQR 25-75). Univariate and multivariate (age, sex, risk factor, comorbidity adjusted) odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine association of deaths with each biomarker.ResultsWe identified 3036 virologically confirmed Covid-19 patients during the study period, 1215 were hospitalized and included in the present study. Men were 70.0%, aged >60y 44.8%, hypertension 44.8% diabetes 39.6% and cardiovascular disease 18.9%. Median symptom duration was 5 days (IQR 4-7) and SpO2 95% (90-97). Total white cell count was 6.9×103/µl, (5.0-9.8), neutrophils 79.2% (68.1-88.2) and lymphocytes 15.8% (8.7-25.5). Medians (IQR) for biomarkers were hsCRP 6.9 mg/dl (2.2-18.9), D-dimer 464 ng/dl (201-982), IL-6 20.1 ng/dl (6.5-60.4), LDH 284 mg/dl (220-396) and ferritin 351 mg/dl (159-676). Oxygen support at admission was in 38.6%, and non-invasive or invasive ventilatory support in 11.0% and 11.6% respectively. 173 (13.9%) patients died and 15 (1.2%) transferred to hospice care. For each biomarker, those in the second and third tertiles, compared to the first, had worse clinical and laboratory abnormalities, and greater oxygen and ventilatory support. Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) for deaths in second and third vs first tertiles, respectively, were for hsCRP 2.29(1.14-4.60) and 13.39(7.23-24.80); D-dimer 3.26(1.31-7.05) and 13.89(6.87-28.27); IL-6 2.61(1.31-5.18) and 10.96(5.88-20.43); ferritin 3.19(1.66-6.11) and 9.13(4.97-16.78); LDH 1.85(0.87-3.97) and 10.51(5.41-20.41); and NLR 3.34(1.62-6.89) and 17.52(9.03-34.00) (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn Covid-19, high levels of biomarkers-hsCRP, D-dimer, IL-6, LDH, ferritin and NLR are associated with more severe illness and significantly greater in-hospital mortality. NLR, a simple, widely available and inexpensive investigation provides prognostic information similar to the more expensive biomarkers.
Histone 4 lysine 5/12 acetylation provides a plasticity code with epigenetic memory of environmental exposure
Authors: Werner Michael S. , Loschko Tobias , King Thomas , Theska Tobias , Franz-Wachtel Mirita , Macek Boris , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDevelopment can be altered to match phenotypes with the environment, and the genetic mechanisms that direct such alternative phenotypes are beginning to be elucidated1,2. Yet, the rules that govern environmental sensitivityvs. invariant development (canalization), and potential epigenetic memory, remain unknown. Here, we show that plasticity of nematode mouth forms is determined by histone 4 lysine 5 and 12 acetylation (H4K5/12ac). Acetylation in early larval stages provides a permissive chromatin state at specific switch genes, which is susceptible to induction during the critical window of environmental sensitivity. As development proceeds deacetylation shuts off switch gene expression to end the critical period. We show that inhibiting deacetylase enzymes leads to long-term epigenetic memory, demonstrating that histone modifications in juveniles can carry environmental information to affect organismal traits in adults. This epigenetic regulation of plasticity appears to be derived from an ancient mechanism of licensing developmental speed that is conserved between flies and nematodes. Thus, H4K5/12ac provides a histone ‘plasticity’ code with epigenetic potential that can be stored and erased by acetylation and deacetylation, respectively.HighlightsReciprocal transplant experiments reveal a critical time window of mouth-form plasticity.Entry and exit of the critical window is determined by H4K5/12ac at the switch geneeud-1.H4K12ac maintains transcriptional competence by supporting elongation.Inhibition of deacetylation freezes an initial developmental trajectory, resulting in long-term epigenetic memory.H4K5/12 acetylation control of plasticity was co-opted from an ancestral role in controlling developmental speed.
Integrative analysis of the MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX)
Authors: Anselmino Nicolas , Labanca Estefania , Song Xiaofei , Yang Jun , Shepherd Peter DA , Dong Jiabin , Kundra Ritika , Schultz Nikolas , Zhang Jianhua , Araujo John C. , Aparicio Ana M , Subudhi Sumit K. , Corn Paul G. , Pisters Louis L. , Ward John F. , Davis John W. , Gueron Geraldine , Vazquez Elba S. , Logothetis Christopher J , Futreal Andrew , Troncoso Patricia , Chen Yu , Navone Nora M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProgress in understanding prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis and therapy resistance has been hampered by the lack of models, representative of the clinical spectrum and biologic complexity of the disease. Our laboratory is home to one of the largest worldwide repositories of PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), the MDA PCa PDX series, a collection of clinically annotated PDXs reflecting the full spectrum of potentially lethal disease, that includes tumors that are not end stage and not castration-resistant PCa. We performed whole genome sequencing, targeted sequencing and RNA sequencing of 46 MDA PCa PDX models derived from biopsy and surgical specimens from 39 patients, selected in order to reflect the clinicopathological PCa subtypes (data available in cBioPortal). MDA PCa PDXs genomic characterization shows that the cohort recapitulates the mutational landscape found in PCa, highlighting the clinical relevance of these models. Interestingly and consistently with the clinic, certain models lack the typical PCa driver alterations, thus providing a suitable tool for discovery of novel drivers. Our cohort also includes PDXs derived from different areas of the same tumor and longitudinal samples, allowing to study disease heterogeneity and progression. Finally, we have developed a procedure to grow organoids from PDXs, thus providing a powerful in vitro platform that supports hypothesis generation, and testing of clinically relevant observations. Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of MDA PCa PDXs together with the ability to grow them as organoids for in vitro experimentation, provides a unique resource to address the existing clinical gap in PCa, helping to better understand mechanisms of response and resistance.One Sentence SummaryMDA PCa PDX series is a dynamic resource capturing the molecular landscape of prostate cancer; a platform for discovery and personalized medicine