bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Phosphine-Free Solvents On the Structural and Optical Properties of Oleylamine Assisted Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystals
Authors: Soosaimanickam Ananthakumar , Sundaram Saravanan Krishna , Sridha Moorthy Babu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanocrystals was carried out using hot-injection method through oleylamine as solvent and capping ligand at 220oC. From the UV-visible absorption spectra, the band gap of the synthesized nanocrystals was estimated as 2.5 eV. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the presence of wurtzite phase with their characteristic reflections. TEM analysis of the synthesized nanocrystals show that the nanocrystals are having nearly spherical shape with the diameter ⁓5-10 nm. For the comparison, different solvent mixtures were employed to prepare the CdS nanocrystals and the structural and optical results show that the solvents have significant influence on the optical properties of the prepared nanocrystals. The results are discussed in detail.
Cell landscape of cerebrospinal fluid and neuroinflammatory signatures in the bacterial meningitis through high-throughput sequencing and meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Tingyi , Xiao Haihan , Xiao Haijuan , Zhang Yun , Guo Lingyun , Dou Zhenzhen , Liu Linlin , Zhu Liang , Feng Wenya , Liu Bing , Hu Bing , Chen Tianming , Liu Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a life-threatening infection occurring in the central nervous system (CNS). Current understandings about cell participations in neuroinflammation of BM are obscure.Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were extensively collected from BM patients in different onset stages. High-throughput sequencing was conducted to decipher the expression profiles of CSF cells and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in single-cell and bulk-cell levels, and meta-analysis was carried out to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of CSF cells in BM progression in combination with the clinical features of patients.Results Implementation of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-SEQ) identified 18 immune cell subsets in CSF and characterized their population structure and dynamics in BM progression. Two novel neutrophil (NEU) and monocyte (MO) subtypes, cytokine+ NEU and cytokine+ MO, were discovered, which contributed to the increase of cytokine levels in CSF supernatant and played pioneering roles against bacterial invasion. The CSF of BM patients with unsatisfactory therapeutic effects presented different cell heterogeneities compared with those with satisfactory therapeutic effects, which featured changed intercellular communications and increased proportions of myeloid type-Ⅱ dendritic cells (mDC2s) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In sepsis-developed BM, CSF cells and PBLs exhibited distinct molecular hallmarks against CNS infection and sepsis, and CSF always contained a higher proportion of macrophages (MФs) and almost no platelets than PBLs in the entire onset period.Conclusion Our study conducted in-depth explorations about the characteristics of CSF cells in BM progression, which provided novel insights about immune cell engagements in acute CNS infection.
Curvilinear and gamma generalized linear models for modeling the dependency of air pollution levels on meteorological conditions in Kathmandu valley
Authors: Shrestha Srijan Lal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Effects of meteorological parameters including confounding effects of seasonality and lag effects on air pollution levels are investigated and quantified for Kathmandu valley, Nepal using daily local temporal data of 2017-2020 available through air pollution monitoring by Department of Environment and US Embassy, Kathmandu, Nepal, and meteorology monitored by Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Kathmandu, Nepal. Data modeling are performed through Exponential, Box-Cox transformed and Gamma Generalized Linear Models since air pollution levels are found non-normal with the presence of non-constant error variance in linear modeling. Results depict high proportions of observed air pollution variations (79%-85%) explained by the fitted models with around 5% reduction in PM 10 and PM 1 levels per 1 0 C increase in average temperature and significant increase in surface O 3 level (0.177 Box-Cox transformed value) per 1 0 C increase in average temperature. Similarly, around 0.7% and 2% decrease in PM 1 and PM 10 per 1% increase in relative humidity, 0.032 decrease in transformed value of PM 2.5 per 1 mm increase in rainfall, and 7.3% decrease in PM 10 per 1 m/s increase in wind speed are also detected. Other effects are also quantified in terms of Box-Cox transformed values for statistically significant effects due to relative humidity and wind. In conclusion, meteorological conditions are found significant contributing factors in determining air pollution levels as demonstrated by statistical modeling. On the long run, atmospheric conditions can play vital roles in air pollution situation shifts mainly due to climate change characterized by changes in meteorological values.
Identification of an in vitro artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 R515K mutant parasite in Senegal
Authors: SENE Seynabou DIOUF , POUYE Mariama Nicole , Martins Rafael Miyazawa , Diallo Fatoumata , Mangou Khadidjatou , Bei Amy K. , Alioune Barry , Faye Oumar , Ndiaye Oumar , Faye Ousmane , Sall Amadou A , Lopez-Rubio Jose-Juan , Mbengue Alassane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background. Emergence of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites has substantially compromised the efficacy of antimalarial treatments across southeast Asia. The risk of artemisinin resistance emerging or spreading within the African continent will jeopardize past progress made in reducing malaria burden. Methods. In collaboration with the sentinel sites, more than 2000 samples were collected during the 2018 Dengue outbreak. To investigate ART-R, fifteen blood samples were collected on 18 November 2018 to investigate cases around a malaria symptom persistence in Ndoffane (Kaolack) and surrounding healthcare sentinel sit centers surrounding areas. The malaria parasite artemisinin resistance gene marker PfKelch13 was sequenced. An isolate with the PfKelch13R515K mutant was detected in Kaolack, Senegal. Genomeediting using CRISPR-Cas9, was used to create transgenic lines carrying single nucleotide polymorphism. These lines were tested for their in vitro phenotype using the standard Ring Survival assay RSA0-3h. Results. We show that PfKelch13R515K confers increased in vitro RSA0-3h survival while PfKelch13R622I a mutant previously associated with delayed in vivo parasite clearance in Ethiopia does not confer elevated RSA0-3h survival. Conclusions. We report for the first time the functional significance of the PfKelch13R515K mutation previously identified in SE Asia. We have demonstrated the impact of combined genomic surveillance with complementary Plasmodium falciparum genome editing to assess the functional role of mutations associated with recrudescence or treatment failure to artemisinin-based combination therapies.
Examining the impact of economic abuse on survivors of intimate partner violence: A scoping review
Authors: Johnson Laura , Chen Yafan , Stylianou Amanda , Arnold Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Economic abuse is a unique form of intimate partner violence (IPV) and includes behaviors that control a survivor’s ability to acquire, use, and maintain resources. These tactics can result in someone becoming economically dependent on their partner and may limit their ability to leave the relationship and establish independence. The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review focused on the impact of economic abuse on survivors of IPV.
Methods

A total of 14 databases were reviewed, which resulted in 30 peer-reviewed manuscripts for inclusion in the study. Manuscripts were included if they were: written in English, published in the year 2000, focused specifically economic abuse perpetrated by an intimate partner, economic abuse was measured as an independent variable, study findings were specifically focused on the impact of economic abuse perpetrated by an intimate partner, and if economic abuse was looked at separately from other forms of IPV. Information was extracted using a data charting form. The data were analyzed using a combination of grouping techniques and constant comparison methods to identify key findings.
Results

Studies found significant associations between economic abuse and a range of outcomes, such as mental and physical health, financial impacts, parent-child interactions, and quality of life. The most frequently examined were mental health, followed by financial issues.
Conclusions

Limitations of these studies included a lack of longitudinal research and a focus on heterosexual relationships with male-perpetrated violence toward female survivors. Study findings highlight the wide-ranging potential impacts of economic abuse on survivors and the need for additional research to better understand potential outcomes and implement and evaluate interventions to address them.
Intra and interspecies competition of blackgrass and wheat in context of herbicidal resistance and environmental conditions of Poland
Authors: Wenda-Piesik Anna , Synowiec Agnieszka , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Wrzesińska Barbara , Podsiadło Cezary , Domaradzki Krzysztof , Kuc Piotr , Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.), one of the most aggressive grass-weeds in Europe, is also a strong competitor of crops. This study aimed to assess the impact of environmental conditions on the competition between 1) herbicide-resistant (BR) and susceptible (BS) blackgrass biotypes 2) the BR and winter wheat cv. Arkadia (W), and 3) the BS and W. In the replacement series model, the experiment was conducted in seven sites across Poland during two seasons (2018/19 and 2019/20). The competitive ratio (CR) was calculated for the relative biomass of plants and grain number. If CR < 1, the blackgrass is more competitive toward winter wheat, if CR > 1, the wheat is more competitive toward blackgrass. In the BR-BS experiment, the BS biotype was more competitive toward the BR one. We also found that the competitiveness between BR and BS was related to sand content in the soil. The combined interactions between W and BR or BS were also related to environmental conditions, i.e., soil texture and hydrothermal coefficient, as explained by PCA and k-means cluster analysis. In most sites, W was more competitive toward both BS and BR. Except was for two cases, located on heavy, clay soils, during humid seasons, where B was more competitive toward W. We summarize that blackgrass competitiveness towards other biotypes and wheat depends on environmental conditions; however, the phenomenon should be explored in more detail.
Ppe.XapF: High throughput KASP assays to identify fruit response to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap) in peach
Authors: Fleming Margaret B. , Miller Texanna , Fu Wanfang , Li Zhigang , Gasic Ksenija , Saski Christopher 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap), is a serious peach disease with symptoms that traverse severe defoliation and black surface pitting, cracking or blemishes on peach fruit with global economic impacts. A management option for control and meeting consumer demand for chemical-free, environmentally friendly fruit production is the development of resistant or tolerant cultivars. We developed simple, accurate, and efficient DNA assays (Ppe.XapF) based on SNP genotyping with KASP technology to quickly test for bacterial spot resistance alleles in peach fruit that allows breeders to cull seedlings at the greenhouse stage. The objective of this research was to validate newly developed DNA tests that target the two major QTLs for fruit resistance in peach with diagnostic utility in predicting fruit response to bacterial spot infection. Our study confirms that with only two Ppe.XapF DNA tests, Ppe.XapF1-1 and Ppe.XapF6-2, individuals carrying susceptible alleles can be identified. Use of these efficient and accurate Ppe.XapF KASP tests resulted in 44% reduction in seedling planting rate in the Clemson University peach breeding program.
A Review on Structure-Activity Relationships of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives with Diverse Bioactivities
Authors: Guo Ruihua , Liu Yuebin , Sheng Ruilong , Fan Junting 
Published: January 2022

Absteract:
Pentacyclic triterpenoids, consisting of six isoprene units, are a kind of natural active sub-stance. At present, numerous pentacyclic triterpenes have been identified and classified into four sub-groups of oleanane, ursane, lupane, and xylene on the basis of the carbon skeleton. Among them, oleanane is the most popular due to its rich backbone and diverse bioactivities. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene isolated from licorice roots, possesses diverse bio-activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitor, hepato-protective, and so on. It has received more attention in medicinal chemistry due to the advantages of easy access and rich bioactivity. Thus, numerous novel lead compounds have been synthesized using GA as a scaffold. Herein, we summarize the structure-activity relationship and synthetic methodolo-gies of GA derivatives from 2010 to 2020, as well as the most active GA derivatives. Finally, we an-ticipate that this review can benefit future research on structural modifications of GA to enhance bio-activity and provide an example for developing pentacyclic triterpene-based novel drugs.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Analytical Method to Determine
6-Merpactopurine Concentration in Oral Suspension
Authors: Romão Kerley Cristiane Victorino , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Schindler Fernanda , Peres Marina Cristina , da Veiga Glaucia Luciano , Pereira Edimar Cristiano , da Costa Aguiar Alves Beatriz 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The 6-mercaptopurine is an active ingredient used to treat certain types of
leukemia. This drug is an immunosuppressive and antineoplastic agent that belongs to the thiopurine
class. In Brazil, 6-MP is currently available only in the form of 50 mg tablets, sold as
Purinethol® and manufactured by Glaxo Smith Kline. The lack of the liquid formulation’s production
impedes treatment, assuming that one of its advantages is through its applicability in pediatric
patients, who show the highest incidence among others.

Objective:
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the development and application of a reversed
phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using an Agilent 1220 Infinity®
G4294B chromatograph with photodiode array detector.

Methods:
HPLC assays were performed on an Eclipse plus® C18 column (4.6 x 150 mm, 3.5 μm
particle size) using a gradient mode mixture of acetonitrile and aqueous acetic acid solution as a
mobile phase, with a flow of 1 mL.min-1 and detection at 324 nm. The method was validated by determining
its selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness.

Results:
Retention time for 6-mercaptopurine was 5.12 minutes. The detector’s response was linear
at concentrations from 1.6 to 2.4 μg/mL. The results of the method’s accuracy evaluation showed
mean recovery of the amount of substance added to the samples of between 99.88 and 100.5%. For
precision, repeatability and intermediate precision were evaluated. The repeatability showed a standard
deviation of 0.0737. The intermediate precision was assessed on three different. For three
days of the studies, the values of the standard deviations were less than 3%, showing repeatability
and intermediate precision adequate for the analytical method in question. The limit of detection
was determined as 3.6 ng/mL. The limit of quantification was determined as 12 ng/mL. The chromatographic
method was robust.

Conclusion:
The proposed method can be applied to control the quality of 6-MP oral suspension to
ensure that the required content is delivered to pediatric oncology patients.
A Novel Baker’s Yeast-Mediated Microwave-Induced Reduction of
Racemic 3-Keto-2-Azetidinones: Facile Entry to Optically Active Hydroxy
β-Lactam Derivatives
Authors: Banik Bimal Krishna , Das Aparna , Yadav Ram Naresh 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Microwave technology, together with enzymatic catalysis, is a nature-friendly
chemical synthesis method with low wastage of solvent and a good yield of the products.

Methods:
Enzymes from various microorganisms can be used in the biochemical processes of a
wide range of compounds assisted by microwave irradiation.

Results:
In this work, the microwave-induced reaction of α-keto β-lactams by Baker's yeast in organic
solvent was conducted to afford optically active cis and trans-α-hydroxy-β-lactams for the
first time.

Conclusion:
These hydroxy compounds are the precursors of numerous natural products of medicinal
significance.
General Practitioners’ Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Systems: Interview Study
Authors: Buck Christoph , Doctor Eileen , Hennrich Jasmin , Jöhnk Jan , Eymann Torsten 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundGeneral practitioners (GPs) care for a large number of patients with various diseases in very short timeframes under high uncertainty. Thus, systems enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) are promising and time-saving solutions that may increase the quality of care.ObjectiveThis study aims to understand GPs’ attitudes toward AI-enabled systems in medical diagnosis.MethodsWe interviewed 18 GPs from Germany between March 2020 and May 2020 to identify determinants of GPs’ attitudes toward AI-based systems in diagnosis. By analyzing the interview transcripts, we identified 307 open codes, which we then further structured to derive relevant attitude determinants.ResultsWe merged the open codes into 21 concepts and finally into five categories: concerns, expectations, environmental influences, individual characteristics, and minimum requirements of AI-enabled systems. Concerns included all doubts and fears of the participants regarding AI-enabled systems. Expectations reflected GPs’ thoughts and beliefs about expected benefits and limitations of AI-enabled systems in terms of GP care. Environmental influences included influences resulting from an evolving working environment, key stakeholders’ perspectives and opinions, the available information technology hardware and software resources, and the media environment. Individual characteristics were determinants that describe a physician as a person, including character traits, demographic characteristics, and knowledge. In addition, the interviews also revealed the minimum requirements of AI-enabled systems, which were preconditions that must be met for GPs to contemplate using AI-enabled systems. Moreover, we identified relationships among these categories, which we conflate in our proposed model.ConclusionsThis study provides a thorough understanding of the perspective of future users of AI-enabled systems in primary care and lays the foundation for successful market penetration. We contribute to the research stream of analyzing and designing AI-enabled systems and the literature on attitudes toward technology and practice by fostering the understanding of GPs and their attitudes toward such systems. Our findings provide relevant information to technology developers, policymakers, and stakeholder institutions of GP care.
Nutrition-Related Mobile Apps in the French App Stores: Assessment of Functionality and Quality
Authors: Martinon Prescilla , Saliasi Ina , Bourgeois Denis , Smentek Colette , Dussart Claude , Fraticelli Laurie , Carrouel Florence 
Published: January 2022

Background
The global burden of disease attributes 20% of deaths to poor nutrition. Although hundreds of nutrition-related mobile apps have been created, and these have been downloaded by millions of users, the effectiveness of these technologies on the adoption of healthy eating has had mixed

Objective
The aim of this study was to review which nutrition-related mobile apps are currently available on the French market and assess their quality.

Methods
We screened apps on the Google Play Store and the French Apple App Store, from March 10 to 17, 2021, to identify those related to nutritional health. A shortlist of 15 apps was identified, and each was assessed using the French version of the Mobile App Rating Scale: 8 dietitians and nutritionists assessed 7 apps, and the remaining apps were randomly allocated to ensure 4 assessments per app. Intraclass correlation was used to evaluate interrater agreement. Means and standard deviations of scores for each section and each item were calculated.

Results
The top scores for overall quality were obtained by Yazio - Régime et Calories (mean 3.84, SD 0.32), FeelEat (mean 3.71, SD 0.47), and Bonne App (mean 3.65, SD 0.09). Engagement scores ranged from a mean of 1.95 (SD 0.5) for iEatBetter: Journal alimentaire to a mean of 3.85 (SD 0.44) for FeelEat. Functionality scores ranged from a mean of 2.25 (SD 0.54) for Naor to a mean of 4.25 (SD 0.46) for Yazio. Aesthetics scores ranged from a mean of 2.17 (SD 0.34) for Naor to a mean of 3.88 (SD 0.47) for Yazio. Information scores ranged from a mean of 2.38 (SD 0.60) for iEatBetter to a mean of 3.73 (SD 0.29) for Yazio. Subjective quality scores ranged from a mean of 1.13 (SD 0.25) for iEatBetter to a mean of 2.28 (SD 0.88) for Compteur de calories FatSecret. Specificity scores ranged from a mean of 1.38 (SD 0.64) for iEatBetter to a mean of 3.50 (SD 0.91) for FeelEat. The app-specific score was always lower than the subjective quality score, which was always lower than the quality score, which was lower than the rating from the iOS or Android app stores.

Conclusions
Although prevention and information messages in apps regarding nutritional habits are not scientifically verified before marketing, we found that app quality was good. Subjective quality and specificity were associated with lower ratings. Further investigations are needed to assess whether information from these apps is consistent with recommendations and to determine the long-term impacts of these apps on users.
Структура пошкоджень таза при множинній та поєднаній травмі (огляд літератури)
Authors: Kozopas V.S. 
Published: January 2022

В останнє десятиліття відмічається відносне та абсолютне зростання кількості пошкоджень кісток таза, які становлять 5–12 % від загальної кількості травматологічних хворих [11, 13]. Ізольована травма таза зустрічається у 7–8,5 % випадків [16]. Питома вага множинних травм таза становить 17,7 %, а поєднаних — 35,3 % [12]. Поєднання переломів кісток таза з переломами нижніх кінцівок відмічається у 30,7–49,2 % постраждалих [14].