bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Subjective Financial Distress Questionnaire (SFDQ): A Patient Reported Outcome Measure for Assessment of Financial Toxicity Among Radiation Oncology Patients
Authors: Dar Mukhtar Ahmad , Chauhan Richa , Murti Krishna , Trivedi Vinita , Dhingra Sameer 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundFinancial toxicity is a consequence of subjective financial distress experienced by cancer patients as a result of treatment expenditures. Financial toxicity has been associated with poor quality of life, early mortality, and non-adherence. It is evident from the literature that the currently available instruments for the assessment of financial toxicity do not measure coping and support seeking domains. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument for the assessment of financial toxicity among radiation oncology patients that captures and integrates all the relevant domains of subjective financial distress.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted among Head &amp; Neck cancer (HNC) patients (age ≥18 years) who have completed the radiotherapy either as stand-alone or part of a multimodal treatment. Literature review, expert opinion, and patient interviews were used for scale item generation. The validity and underlying factor structure were evaluated by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The reliability and internal consistency of the final scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.ResultsA total of 17 items were identified for scale development. The preliminary 17-item instrument was administered to 142 HNC patients. Among 142 participants, 85.9% were male and 98.6% were from rural areas. EFA was performed on 17 items and three items were removed (factor loadings &lt;0.5). The remaining 14 items loaded onto three factors (eigenvalue &gt;1) explaining 62.0% of the total variance. The Chi-square goodness of fit test in CFA and the values of other model fit indices, namely, RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.014, GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.98, and TLI=0.97 indicate a good model fit suggesting the three-factor model adequately fits the data. The Cronbach’s α for the final 14-item scale was 0.87 indicating excellent reliability and the Cronbach’s α coefficient of all the individual 14 items was ≥0.85 (range 0.85–0.88).ConclusionThe SFDQ showed excellent validity and reliability. SFDQ captures and integrates all the relevant domains of financial toxicity. However, the provisional SFDQ instrument warrants further larger sample studies for validation and psychometric evaluation in different primary cancer subsites and treatment modalities from multiple cancer centers to improve the generalizability of this instrument.
Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network-Based Prediction of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Status in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Xuemei , Sun Yingli , Tan Mingyu , Ma Weiling , Gao Pan , Qi Lin , Lu Jinjuan , Yang Yuling , Wang Kun , Chen Wufei , Jin Liang , Kuang Kaiming , Duan Shaofeng , Li Ming 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesEGFR testing is a mandatory step before targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Combining some quantifiable features to establish a predictive model of EGFR expression status, break the limitations of tissue biopsy.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1074 patients of non-small cell lung cancer with complete reports of EGFR gene testing. Then manually segmented VOI, captured the clinicopathological features, analyzed traditional radiology features, and extracted radiomic, and deep learning features. The cases were randomly divided into training and test set. We carried out feature screening; then applied the light GBM algorithm, Resnet-101 algorithm, logistic regression to develop sole models, and fused models to predict EGFR mutation conditions. The efficiency of models was evaluated by ROC and PRC curves.ResultsWe successfully established Modelclinical, Modelradiomic, ModelCNN (based on clinical-radiology, radiomic and deep learning features respectively), Modelradiomic+clinical (combining clinical-radiology and radiomic features), and ModelCNN+radiomic+clinical (combining clinical-radiology, radiomic, and deep learning features). Among the prediction models, ModelCNN+radiomic+clinical showed the highest performance, followed by ModelCNN, and then Modelradiomic+clinical. All three models were able to accurately predict EGFR mutation with AUC values of 0.751, 0.738, and 0.684, respectively. There was no significant difference in the AUC values between ModelCNN+radiomic+clinical and ModelCNN. Further analysis showed that ModelCNN+radiomic+clinical effectively improved the efficacy of Modelradiomic+clinical and showed better efficacy than ModelCNN. The inclusion of clinical-radiology features did not effectively improve the efficacy of Modelradiomic.ConclusionsEither deep learning or radiomic signature-based models can provide a fairly accurate non-invasive prediction of EGFR expression status. The model combined both features effectively enhanced the performance of radiomic models and provided marginal enhancement to deep learning models. Collectively, fusion models offer a novel and more reliable way of providing the efficacy of currently developed prediction models, and have far-reaching potential for the optimization of noninvasive EGFR mutation status prediction methods.
Association of Maternal Dietary Habits and MTHFD1 Gene Polymorphisms With Ventricular Septal Defects in Offspring: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Song Xinli , Liu Yiping , Wang Tingting , Zhang Senmao , Sun Mengting , Shu Jing , Wei Jianhui , Diao Jingyi , Li Jinqi , Li Yihuan , Chen Letao , Zhu Ping , Qin Jiabi 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed at assessing the association between maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) gene polymorphisms, maternal dietary habits, and their interactions with the risk of ventricular septal defects (VSD) in offspring.MethodsFrom November 2017 to March 2019, a case-control study comprising 360 mothers of VSD cases and 504 mothers of healthy infants was conducted in Han Chinese populations. The main exposures of interest were maternal dietary habits in early pregnancy and MTHFD1 gene polymorphisms. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the main effects and interaction effects.ResultsIt was observed that maternal excessive intake of pickled vegetables (aOR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.45–2.37), smoked foods (aOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.48–2.51), barbecued foods (aOR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.28–2.36), and fried foods (aOR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.30–2.17) were associated with a higher risk of VSD in offspring, whereas maternal excessive intake of fresh meat (aOR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.47–0.79), fish and shrimp (aOR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.23–0.38), fresh eggs (aOR = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.42–0.70), fresh fruits or vegetables (aOR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.33–0.60), soy foods (aOR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.53–0.80), and milk products (aOR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.40–0.59) could contribute significantly to a lower risk of VSD in offspring. Furthermore, the genetic polymorphisms of maternal MTHFD1 gene at rs1950902 (GA vs. GG: aOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.50–0.90) and rs2236222 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.57–4.83) were significantly associated with the risk of VSD in offspring. In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between maternal dietary habits and MTHFD1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of VSD.ConclusionsMaternal dietary factors, MTHFD1 genetic polymorphisms, and their interactions were all associated with the risk of VSD in offspring. However, further research in diverse ethnic populations and with a larger sample size is warranted to corroborate our findings.Trial RegistrationRegistered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center; registration number, ChiCTR1800016635; registration date, 06/14/2018 (Retrospectively registered); URL of trial registry record, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28300.
Caffeine Functions by Inhibiting Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampal Adenosine 2A Receptors to Modulate Memory and Anxiety, Respectively
Authors: Xu Yawei , Ning Yalei , Zhao Yan , Peng Yan , Luo Fen , Zhou Yuanguo , Li Ping 
Published: February 2022

As a nonspecific antagonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), caffeine enhances learning and improves memory impairment. Simultaneously, the consumption of caffeine correlates with a feeling of anxiety. The hippocampus is functionally differentiated along its dorsal/ventral axis and plays a crucial role both in memory and anxiety. Whether caffeine exerts its regulation by inhibiting A2ARs in different subregions of the hippocampus is still unknown. In the present study, we found that after chronic intake of drinking water containing caffeine (1 g/L, 3 weeks), mice exhibited aggravated anxiety-like behavior and enhanced memory function. Tissue-specific, functional disruption of dorsal hippocampal A2ARs by the CRE-LoxP system prevented the memory-enhancing effect of caffeine, while selective disruption of ventral hippocampal A2ARs blocked the impact of caffeine on anxiety. These results, together with the enhanced memory of dorsal hippocampus A2AR knockout mice and greater anxiety-like behavior of ventral hippocampus A2AR knockout mice without caffeine, indicates a dissociation between the roles of ventral and dorsal hippocampal A2A receptors in caffeine’s effects on anxiety-like and memory-related behavioral measures, respectively. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of dorsal or ventral hippocampal A2ARs reversed the behavioral alterations caused by drinking caffeine, leading to impaired memory or decreased anxiety-like behaviors, respectively. Taken together, our findings suggest that the memory- and anxiety-enhancing effects of caffeine are related to the differential effects of inhibiting A2ARs in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, respectively.
Low Valence Nickelates: Launching the Nickel Age of Superconductivity
Authors: Botana Antia S. , Lee Kwan-Woo , Norman Michael R. , Pardo Victor , Pickett Warren E. 
Published: February 2022

The discovery of superconductivity in thin films (∼10 nm) of infinite-layer hole-doped NdNiO2 has invigorated the field of high temperature superconductivity research, reviving the debate over contrasting views that nickelates that are isostructural with cuprates are either 1) sisters of the high temperature superconductors, or 2) that differences between nickel and copper at equal band filling should be the focus of attention. Each viewpoint has its merits, and each has its limitations, suggesting that such a simple picture must be superseded by a more holistic comparison of the two classes. Several recent studies have begun this generalization, raising a number of questions without suggesting any consensus. In this paper, we organize the findings of the electronic structures of n-layered NiO2 materials (n = 1 to ∞) to outline (ir)regularities and to make comparisons with cuprates, with the hope that important directions of future research will emerge.
Dynamical Mean Field Studies of Infinite Layer Nickelates: Physics Results and Methodological Implications
Authors: Chen Hanghui , Hampel Alexander , Karp Jonathan , Lechermann Frank , Millis Andrew J. 
Published: February 2022

This article summarizes recent work on the many-body (beyond density functional theory) electronic structure of layered rare-earth nickelates, both in the context of the materials themselves and in comparison to the high-temperature superconducting (high-Tc) layered copper-oxide compounds. It aims to outline the current state of our understanding of layered nickelates and to show how the analysis of these fascinating materials can shed light on fundamental questions in modern electronic structure theory. A prime focus is determining how the interacting physics defined over a wide energy range can be estimated and “downfolded” into a low energy theory that would describe the relevant degrees of freedom on the ∼0.5  eV scale and that could be solved to determine superconducting and spin and charge density wave phase boundaries, temperature dependent resistivities, and dynamical susceptibilities.
Absence of Behavioral Harm Following Non-efficacious Sexual Orientation Change Efforts: A Retrospective Study of United States Sexual Minority Adults, 2016–2018
Authors: Sullins D. Paul 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundDo sexual minority persons who have undergone unsuccessful sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) suffer subsequent psychological or social harm from the attempt? Previous studies have conflated present and past, even pre-SOCE, harm in addressing this question. This study attempts, for the first time, to isolate and examine the question of current psychosocial harm for former SOCE participants among sexual minorities in representative population data.MethodUsing nationally representative data (n = 1,518) across three cohorts of sexual minorities (centered in 1969, 1987, and 2003) in the United States (U.S.), persons exposed to SOCE were compared with the remainder not exposed to SOCE on two measures of internal distress—psychological distress (Kessler scale) and current mental health—and seven measures of behavioral harm: substance abuse (DUDIT); alcohol dependence (AUDIT-C); self-harm; suicide ideation; suicide planning; suicide intentions; and suicide attempts.ResultsThe SOCE group was statistically indistinguishable from the non-SOCE group on any measure of harm. For behavioral harm, risk ratios were 0.97–1.02. Harm was equivalent for the two groups despite the SOCE group having experienced higher lifetime and current minority stress, greater childhood adversity, and lower socioeconomic status. Logistic regression models that adjusted for these differences suggest that SOCE exposure reduced the effect of minority stress and childhood adversity for suicide attempts, although this effect did not fully account for the equivalence between the SOCE and non-SOCE groups.ConclusionDespite higher exposure to factors predicting behavioral harm—minority stress, childhood adversity, and lower socioeconomic background—sexual minority persons who had undergone failed SOCE therapy did not suffer higher psychological or social harm. Concerns to restrict or ban SOCE due to elevated harm are unfounded. Further study is needed to clarify the reasons for the absence of harm from SOCE.
Differentiating Melancholic and Non-melancholic Major Depressive Disorder Using Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Cui Xilong , Ou Yangpan , Liu Feng , Li Huabing , Chen Jindong , Zhao Jingping , Xie Guangrong , Guo Wenbin 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMelancholic major depressive disorder (MDD) is a network-based brain disorder. However, whether or not network-based changes can be applied to differentiate melancholic (MEL) from non-melancholic (NMEL) MDD remains unclear.MethodsThirty-one MEL patients, 28 NMEL patients, and 32 matched healthy controls (HCs) were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were assessed by the Chinese version of Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-C) and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsCompared with HCs, the MEL group had significantly higher fALFF values in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right supplementary motor area (SMA) and significantly lower fALFF values in the right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), right middle temporal gyrus (MTG)/left IOG, and bilateral superior occipital gyrus (SOG)/MTG. On the other hand, the NMEL group showed significantly higher fALFF values in the bilateral SMA and significantly lower fALFF values in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus relative to HCs. Compared with the NMEL group, the MEL group showed significantly lower fALFF values in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A correlation was found between the fALFF values of the right SMA and the SHAPS-C in the MEL group. In addition, correlations were observed between the fALFF values of the left ACC and the TEPS contextual consummatory and total scores in all patients.ConclusionOur study uncovered that MDD exhibited altered brain activity in extensive brain networks, including the default-mode network, frontal-striatal network, reward system, and frontal-limbic network. Decreased fALFF in the left ACC might be applied to differentiate the two subtypes of MDD.
Joint Hypermobility Links Neurodivergence to Dysautonomia and Pain
Authors: Csecs Jenny L. L. , Iodice Valeria , Rae Charlotte L. , Brooke Alice , Simmons Rebecca , Quadt Lisa , Savage Georgia K. , Dowell Nicholas G. , Prowse Fenella , Themelis Kristy , Mathias Christopher J. , Critchley Hugo D. , Eccles Jessica A. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesAutism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and tic disorder (Tourette syndrome; TS) are neurodevelopmental conditions that frequently co-occur and impact psychological, social, and emotional processes. Increased likelihood of chronic physical symptoms, including fatigue and pain, are also recognized. The expression of joint hypermobility, reflecting a constitutional variant in connective tissue, predicts susceptibility to psychological symptoms alongside recognized physical symptoms. Here, we tested for increased prevalence of joint hypermobility, autonomic dysfunction, and musculoskeletal symptoms in 109 adults with neurodevelopmental condition diagnoses.MethodsRates of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH, henceforth hypermobility) in adults with a formal diagnosis of neurodevelopmental conditions (henceforth neurodivergent group, n = 109) were compared to those in the general population in UK. Levels of orthostatic intolerance and musculoskeletal symptoms were compared to a separate comparison group (n = 57). Age specific cut-offs for GJH were possible to determine in the neurodivergent and comparison group only.ResultsThe neurodivergent group manifested elevated prevalence of hypermobility (51%) compared to the general population rate of 20% and a comparison population (17.5%). Using a more stringent age specific cut-off, in the neurodivergent group this prevalence was 28.4%, more than double than the comparison group (12.5%). Odds ratio for presence of hypermobility in neurodivergent group, compared to the general population was 4.51 (95% CI 2.17–9.37), with greater odds in females than males. Using age specific cut-off, the odds ratio for GJH in neurodivergent group, compared to the comparison group, was 2.84 (95% CI 1.16–6.94). Neurodivergent participants reported significantly more symptoms of orthostatic intolerance and musculoskeletal skeletal pain than the comparison group. The number of hypermobile joints was found to mediate the relationship between neurodivergence and symptoms of both dysautonomia and pain.ConclusionsIn neurodivergent adults, there is a strong link between the expression of joint hypermobility, dysautonomia, and pain, more so than in the comparison group. Moreover, joint hypermobility mediates the link between neurodivergence and symptoms of dysautonomia and pain. Increased awareness and understanding of this association may enhance the management of core symptoms and allied difficulties in neurodivergent people, including co-occurring physical symptoms, and guide service delivery in the future.
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Their Selected Psychological Predictors in Breast-, Mixed and Formula-Feeding Mothers
Authors: Kossakowska Karolina , Bielawska-Batorowicz Eleonora 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAlthough breastfeeding is recommended by WHO and professionals as the most beneficial for newborn babies, many women find it challenging. Previous research yielded ambiguous results concerning the role of breastfeeding in the development of postpartum depression. The study aimed to identify the best predictors of depressive symptoms for each of these feeding method.MethodsThe participants were 151 women (mean age 29.4 yrs; SD = 4.5) who gave birth within the last 6 months and included 82 women classified as breastfeeding, 38 classified as mixed-feeding (breast and bottle), and 31 as formula-feeding. The study had a cross-sectional design using a web-based survey for data collection. The following measures were administered: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; Sense of Stress Questionnaire; The Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire; Parenting Sense of Competence Scale; Infant Feeding Questionnaire.ResultsWomen in study groups differed in stress, bonding difficulties, and beliefs related to feeding practices and infancy. There were no significant differences in the severity of depressive symptoms, but all mean EPDS scores were above 12. Maternal satisfaction, intrapsychic stress, and concerns about feeding on a schedule were the best predictors of EPDS scores for breastfeeding women. For mixed-feeding – emotional tension, concern about infant's hunger, overeating, and awareness of infant's hunger and satiety cues; while for the formula-feeding group, predictors included emotional tension, bonding difficulties, and such maternal feeding practices and beliefs as concern about undereating, awareness of infant's hunger and satiety cues, concerns about feeding on a schedule and social interaction with the infant during feeding.ConclusionDifferences in predictors of postpartum depression for study groups suggest that breastfeeding itself may not be a risk for postpartum depression. However, the specificity of maternal experiences with the various types of feeding is related to difficulties promoting postpartum depression. Providing emotional and educational support appropriate for different types of feeding may be an essential protective factor for postnatal depression.
Association of Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic Obesity With Hypertension in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study From Ravansar, Iran During 2014–2017
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Darbandi Mitra , Rezaeian Shahab , Najafi Farid , Hamzeh Behrooz , Bagheri Amir 
Published: February 2022

Background and AimsHypertension may lead to disability and death by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and dementia. This study aimed to determine the association between obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, and hypertension in adults resident in Ravansar, a city in the west of Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,021 subjects from the baseline data of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study, in the west region of Iran, from October 2014 up to February 2017. Body composition was categorized into obese, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obese, and normal based on measurements of muscle strength, skeletal muscle mass, and waist circumference. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships, using the STATA 15 software.ResultsThe mean age of the participant was 47.9 years (SD: 8.4), the body mass index (BMI) was 26.84 kg/m2 (SD: 4.44), and the prevalence of hypertension was 15.12%. The prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity were 24.37, 22.01, and 6.91%, respectively. Body composition groups had significant differences in age, total calorie intake, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle strength (P-value ≤ 0.001). In crude model, the obese (OR = 2.64; 95% CI: 2.11–3.30), sarcopenic (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.94–3.08), and sarcopenic obese (OR = 3.83; 95% CI: 2.81–5.22) groups had a higher odds of hypertension. However, in adjusted models, only the obese group had a higher likelihood of hypertension (OR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.70–2.80).ConclusionThis study showed that obesity was associated with hypertension, whereas sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity had no significant relationship with hypertension.