bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language Impairment in the Genetic Forms of Behavioural Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Samra Kiran , MacDougall Amy M , Bouzigues Arabella , Bocchetta Martina , Cash David M. , Greaves Caroline V. , Convery Rhian S. , Swieten John C. van , Jiskoot Lize , Moreno Fermin , Sanchez-Valle Raquel , Laforce Robert , Graff Caroline , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Carmela , Rowe James B. , Borroni Barbara , Finger Elizabeth , Synofzik Matthis , Otto Markus , Sorbi Sandro , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Russell Lucy L , Galimberti Daniela , Vandenberge Rik , de Mendonça Alexandre , Butler Chris R , Gerhard Alexander , Ducharme Simon , Ber Isabelle Le , Tiraboschi Pietro , Santana Isabel , Pasquier Florence , Levin Johannes 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterised by a progressive change in personality in association with atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes. Whilst language impairment has been described in people with bvFTD, little is currently known about the extent or type of linguistic difficulties that occur, particularly in the genetic forms.
Methods
Participants with genetic bvFTD along with healthy controls were recruited from the international multicentre Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) study. Linguistic symptoms were assessed using items from the Progressive Aphasia Severity Scale (PASS). Additionally, participants undertook the Boston Naming Test (BNT), modified Camel and Cactus Test (mCCT) and a test of category fluency. Participants also underwent a 3T volumetric T1-weighted MRI, with language network regional brain volumes measured and compared between the genetic groups and controls.
Results
76% of the genetic bvFTD cohort had impairment in at least one language symptom: 83% C9orf72, 80% MAPT and 56% GRN mutation carriers. All three genetic groups had significantly impaired functional communication, decreased fluency, and impaired sentence comprehension. C9orf72 mutation carriers also had significantly impaired articulation and word retrieval as well as dysgraphia whilst the MAPT mutation group also had impaired word retrieval and single word comprehension. All three groups had difficulties with naming, semantic knowledge and verbal fluency. Atrophy in key left perisylvian language regions differed between the groups, with more generalized involvement in the C9orf72 group and more focal temporal and insula involvement in the other groups. Correlates of language symptoms and test scores also differed between the groups.
Conclusions
Language deficits exist in a substantial proportion of people with familial bvFTD across all three genetic groups. Significant atrophy is seen in the dominant perisylvian language areas and correlates with language impairments within each of the genetic groups. Improved understanding of the language phenotype in the main genetic bvFTD subtypes will be helpful in future studies, particularly in clinical trials where accurate stratification and monitoring of disease progression is required.
Compliance to Complementary Feeding Guidelines In A Tertiary Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya.
Authors: Njeru Catherine Muthoni , Mbuba Caroline Kathomi , Ngugi Anthony , Limbe Mary Slessor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:Appropriate complementary feeding is a practice with great potential for reduction of nutrition-related diseases and mortalities in children. However, uptake of the recommended World Health Organisation (WHO) infant and young child feeding practices in Kenya remains low. Most previous studies have been done in rural or urban poor populations hence the need to provide practical guidelines for the complementary feeding period in a typical middle-class urban setting. This study investigated complementary feeding practices by caregivers of infants and young children on follow up at Aga Khan University Hospital-Nairobi (AKUH-N) well-baby clinic and the factors influencing compliance with the WHO guidelines. Methods:A total of 290 caregivers of infants and young children aged between nine and twenty-four months were interviewed using a questionnaire. This questionnaire was adapted from that provided in the WHO Indicators for assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices measurements booklet (1). Out of 290 participants, 21 were purposively sampled to participate in a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data while descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used for quantitative data. A convergent parallel design was used to integrate the qualitative and quantitative data. Results:Out of 290 caregivers interviewed, 125 (43.1%) complied with WHO complementary feeding guidelines. Factors that significantly affected complementary feeding practices included education level of the caregiver, access to information, support from healthcare workers and fear of allergic reactions. Conclusions:Full compliance to WHO complementary feeding guidelines remained below 50%. Some of the factors positively associated with compliance with complementary feeding guidelines included access to multiple sources of information, and support from health workers and family members. Lack of tertiary education of the caregiver, absence of specific and practical guidelines, resource constraints and fear of allergies were found to negatively impact compliance with complementary feeding guidelines.
Tonic down-rolling and eccentric down-positioning of eyes under general anaesthesia without non-depolarising muscle relaxant
Authors: Chaurasia Shweta , Soni Shiv Lal , Ganesh Venkata , Ram Jagat , Sukhija Jaspreet , Swati  , Takkar Aastha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To describe and analyze the relationship between the downward eccentric eye movement/positioning encountered in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgeries under general anesthesia (GA) with fluctuation in the depth of anesthesia (DOA) Design: observational case-seriesMethods. Patients undergoing ophthalmic surgeries under GA without non-depolarizing muscle relaxant (NDMR) between January2018-August2021 who witnessed a sudden tonic downward movement of eyes were included. DOA at the time of eccentric movement were noted in terms of MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) with/without BIS (bispectral index).Results. A total of 12/249 patients (14 events) were enrolled in this study with a median (IQR) age of 1.05years (0.8-1.57). All cases were performed with sevoflurane as an inducing agent. Downward movement /down-positioning of eyes was seen before the start of surgery in 7, during surgery in 6, and end of surgery in 1 case. It was preceded by an eccentric upward drift of eyes in 6 cases. A strong negative correlation was seen between DOA and eccentric eye position (r=-0.77, p=0.000). Median (IQR) MAC and eye position/score in 14 events at the time of eccentric down-rolling was 1.55(1.40-1.83) and -3(-4 to -2.0) respectively while median (IQR) MAC at the time of centralized position was 1.25(1.18-1.40). BIS values were inconclusive in 2 cases but corroborated elevated and downward eye positions with lighter and deeper DOA respectively in 2 cases. Conclusions. Tonic-down-rolling/downward eccentric positioning of eyes is not an uncommon entity in children under GA without NDMR, and fluctuations in DOA should be avoided to circumvent inadvertent complications during ocular surgery.
Microplastics pollution studies in India: a recent review of sources, abundances and research perspectives - a comparison with global research
Authors: Perumal Karthikeyan , Muthuramalingam Subagunasekar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous, persistent pollutants reported in abundance in all environments and biota. The main objective of this review is to identify the sources, distribution, and concentration of microplastics in all aquatic environments and biota in India. It is one of the least studied, with only 45 papers published on microplastics during 2013–2020 in the web of science. To define the concentration of microplastics in different aquatic environments such as 3096 items/kg in marine sediments, 106 items/kg in biota, 59 items/L in seawater, 175 items/kg in sea salt, 33.9 items/L in lake water, 336 items/kg in lake sediments, 288 pieces/m3 in river water, and 328 items/kg in river sediments. Hence we investigated MPs pollution in coastal and freshwater ecosystems such as rivers, lakes, and biota. However, knowing that many aquatic habitats and species were unexplored, we recommend extending investigations in all of the following areas. To reduce plastic consumption and its eventual threat to aquatic ecosystems, researchers should assess studies in each of these ways. Enforcing severe regulations, enhancing legal activities, well-planned comprehensive waste management plans, and spontaneous public engagement are also required to prevent land-based plastic pollution.
Survival of eight LLIN brands 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after a mass distribution campaign in rural and urban settings in Senegal
Authors: DIOUF Mbaye , FAYE Babacar Thiendella , DIOUF El hadji , DIA Abdoulaye Kane , KONATE Abdoulaye , FALL Fatou Ba , SENE Doudou , DIOUF Mame Birame , GADIAGA Libasse , KONATE Lassana , DIONE Demba Anta , TINE Roger Clément , FAYE Ousmane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are one of the core components of global malaria prevention and control. The lifespan of LLIN varies widely depending on the population or environment, and randomized studies are required to compare LLIN in households under different field conditions. This study investigated survival of different LLIN brands in Senegal.Methods: 10,608 LLINs were distributed in five regions, each stratified by rural and urban setting. As part of the longitudinal follow-up, 2,222 nets were randomly sampled and monitored from 6 to 36 months. Using random effects for households, Bayesian models were used to estimate independent survival by net type (Interceptor®, Life Net®, MAGNet™, Netprotect®, Olyset® Net, PermaNet® 2.0 R, PermaNet® 2.0 C, Yorkool® LN) and by area (rural/urban). In addition to survival, median survival time and attrition of each LLIN brand was determined. Attrition was defined as nets that were missing because they were reported given away, destroyed and thrown away, or repurposed. Results: Three net types had a proportion of survival above 80% after 24 months: Interceptor®87.8% (95% CI 80-93.4); conical PermaNet® 2.0 86.9% (95% CI 79.3-92.4) and Life Net® 85.6% (95% CI 75-93). At 36 months, conical PermaNet® 2.0 maintained a good survival rate, 79.5% (95% CI 65.9-88.8). The attrition due to redistributed nets showed that the two conical net types (PermaNet® 2.0 and Interceptor®) were more often retained by households and their median retention time was well above three years (median survival time =3.5 years for PermaNet® 2.0 and median survival time =4 years for Interceptor®). Despite this good retention, Interceptor® had weak physical integrity and its median survival due to wear and tear was below three years (median survival time = 2.4 years). The odds ratio of survival was 2.5 times higher in rural settings than in urban settings (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.7-3.7). Conclusions: Differences in survival among LLIN may be driven by brand, shape or environmental setting. In this study in Senegal, conical PermaNet® 2.0 were retained in households while rectangular PermaNet® 2.0 had lower retention, suggesting that net shape may play a role in retention and should be further investigated. Distribution of preferred LLIN shape, accompanied by good communication on care and repair, could lead to increased effective lifespan, and allow for longer intervals between universal coverage campaigns.
Experimental Research on the Performance of a Novel Geo- filament Anchor for an Earthen Architectural Site
Authors: Yulan Wang , Jian Guo , weixi Zhang , Fan Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An efficient anchoring method, explicitly developed for small sliders, has hitherto been missing in the practice of earthen architecture conservation. Furthermore, anchorage performance studies conducted so far, have failed to fully take into account the soil characteristics of certain targets. To address these concerns, the conservation project conceived for the Gaochang Ruins, Turpan, in China, was selected as the experiment ground to design a novel Geotechnical Filament Anchor (GFA) for reinforcing small sliders in the earthen historical ramparts. In-situ experiments were conducted for evaluating six parameters—anchorage length (L), GF thickness (H), bore diameter (D), slurry strength (S), GFA surface status (R), and inclination angle (A). These parameters were varied in order to determine the effect they produce on anchorage performance, as demonstrated by the indicators, including tensile strength, destruction mode, load displacement (P-S) relation, and strain (ζ-L) distribution characteristics of the novel GFA. Data acquired from the experiments, in combination with the conservation specifics of earthen architectural sites, anchorage performance, and safety reserve, were further employed to introduce a calculation formula for computing the designed force value (N) through L. A simplified model depicting the shear stress distribution of the anchorage system under N was devised by extracting the strain distribution data with respect to the GF-slurry interface. Taking into account the soil properties of the above-mentioned site, the shear stress diffusion coefficient (α) was conceptualized, the formula for the shear strength of the grouting material was devised, and the tolerable ranges of L, D, H, R, and S were determined. A new design idea is proposed for the application of anchorage technology in earthen ruins in combination with the characteristics of cultural relics protection, which certainly promotes the formation of its design concept and calculation method.
Evaluation of Supervised machine learning classifiers for detecting the degrees of possibility of Coronavirus disease infection
Authors: Rammal Abbas , Yammine Elie , Fahs Walid , Khatoun Rida 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 virus spread from China throughout the world, causing out of control challenges to the public health community. During the epidemic, it is difficult to act against infectious disease due to its unknown trends, so the spread prediction becomes difficult in light of the scarce data. With the absence of treatment for COVID-19 infection, countries have taken some mitigation steps and policies, such as general lockdown and social distance measures, but there has been variation in the extent of viral spread due to several additional factors. Prediction methods based on Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) can help in suggesting new policies or even assessing the effectiveness of the existing ones. Such methods have attracted wide attention from researchers implementing statistical modeling and machine learning methods. The objective of this study is to examine different supervised classification approaches to detect the degrees of possibility of Coronavirus disease infection in different countries. Naïve Bayesian Classifier (NBC), Decision Tree Classifier (DTC), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network classification (ANN) are machine learning algorithms used for the prediction of coronavirus disease cases according to the time of their evolution while considering data collected from official reports and scientific journals. Since we collected mixed data, we suggested to also apply the supervised classifiers available for mixed data, such as Extended Gamma (EG) and Naive Associative Classifier (NAC). The results showed that ANN and DTC supervised algorithms allow better discrimination between the degrees of possibility of Coronavirus disease infection among advanced methods like NBC, SVM, NAC, EG and LDA.
Effect of ship-lock-induced surges on navigation safety in a branched lower approach channel system
Authors: Wan Zhiyong , Li Yun , Wang Xiaogang , An Jianfeng , Cheng Long , Liao Yipeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ships docking and traveling in a branched lower approach channel system are at risk from surges caused by multi-lane locks during emptying operations. For this reason, water-level variations in the lower approach channel in response to discharge, interval running time, and outlet location of lock operations were studied using a 2-D hydrodynamic model validated by physical model tests, and the impact of water level variation on navigation safety under extreme operation scenarios of a quadruple-lane lock group was identified. Results indicated that discharge and interval running time of lock emptying had the greatest impact on the water level variation at the lock head. Water level variation at the lower lock head of the ship lift exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increment of the discharge from the lock chamber into the outer river. Specifically, the surge height at the lock head of the ship lift reached the minimum when approximately 40% of the discharge generated by dual-lane locks during emptying operations was released into the outer river. Overall, the simultaneous operation of quadruple-lane lock group and unit load rejection should be avoided in engineering applications.
Evaluation of the Effects of Zn/Mg Supplemented Diet as Adjuvant
Therapy with Glibenclamide on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ram Veerma , Semwal Deepak Kumar , Negi Anoop Singh , Bisht Lata , Kumar Rajnish , Kumar Ankit , Bajpai Atal Bihari 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by
hyperglycemia, causes the damage of various organs, including the eyes, liver, kidney and heart.
It is evident that diet plays a key role in the management of DM.

Objective:
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn and Mg supplemented diets as an
adjuvant therapy with glibenclamide on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:
The rats which showed a blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher after 48 h of STZ
injection were considered as diabetic. The rats were divided into eight groups in which the normal
control group comprised non-diabetic rats, whereas the rest of the groups had diabetic rats in
which glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) with an ordinary diet was given to the positive control group
while the test groups were treated with glibenclamide along with specific diets. Blood glucose,
body weight and lipid profile, as well as the liver and kidney functions were evaluated using
standard kits after a certain interval up to 21 days.

Results:
Glibenclamide at different doses with or without Zn and Mg significantly decreased
blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and LDL levels, whereas
it increased the HDL level. The study revealed glibenclamide together with Zn and Mg-rich diet
to provide the most significant (p <0.0001) results.

Conclusion:
The treatment of diabetes mellitus with glibenclamide can provide better results if it
is used with Zn and Mg-rich diet, which can prove to be a potential adjuvant therapy for type-2
diabetes and its associated complications.
Perspectives of Married Women Related to Cervical Cancer Screening
Test: A Theory-Based Qualitative Study in Iran
Authors: Khalednejad Mona , Salehi Leili , Pashang Sara , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Nameghi Atefeh Nezhad Mohamad 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the treatable forms of cancer that can be
prevented in its long precancerous conditions and good screening programs.

Aim:
Using directed content analysis, the present study, as qualitative research, aimed to investigate
married women’s perspectives on screening for CC based on the protection motivation theory (PMT).

Methods:
To this end, a total number of 20 married women, considering maximum variation in
sampling in terms of age and level of education, were interviewed. Therefore, an in-depth semistructured
interview was used for data collection until saturation was reached. The PMT was also
applied as the main framework to develop the interview items.

Results:
Eight categories, namely, intention, fear, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, response
efficacy, self-efficacy, response cost, and social support, were identified based on data classification.
The majority of the participants intended to have a Pap smear. Moreover, they believed that
if women knew more about screening for cervical cancer, they would definitely do so. Most of the
participants, 60 %, had a high level of perceived susceptibility, and 100 % of them had self-efficacy
related to doing a Pap smear. Almost all the interviewees acknowledged the effectiveness of a Pap
smear and its consequences, but 80 % of the participants reported that they could not follow regular
tests due to response cost despite their self-efficacy and knowledge about the effectiveness and the
benefits of this type of screening. All the study participants also put more emphasis on the role of
social support to push them to get a Pap smear.

Conclusion:
The cost of a Pap smear and social support should be considered when encouraging
married women to participate in screening programs.
Detection of Phage and Prophage Expression in Multidrug-Resistant
Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Retail Meats Using mRNA-Seq
Authors: Bich Vo Thuy Thi , Nguyen Viet Thanh , Hoang Cuong Xuan , Nguyen Duc Hieu , Nguyen Duc Minh , Nguyen Tram Bao , Nghiem Minh Ngoc 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Salmonella serovars contamination of food items shows a negative effect
on the food industry and causes a great hazard for the consumers. Although developed hygiene
methods, Salmonella serovars are still a high risk to human health, and new methods for the identification
of Salmonella spp. are needed.

Objective:
Bacteriophages have been considered a good method for detecting bacteria owing to
their high target cell specificity, simplicity and cheapness. Bacteriophages can be used for biocontrol
of Salmonella spp. without the cultural methods. Moreover, phages or phage-derived proteins
can also be used to detect quickly and specifically bacteria in food.

Method:
This study provides bacteriophage expression in six multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolated
from retail meats in Hanoi, Vietnam using mRNA sequencing.

Results:
Our results showed that diverse bacteriophages are naturally present in retail meats (chicken,
beef, and pork meat), and phage Salmon_118970_sal3_NC_031940 is the most common phage
in Salmonella on the retail meats.

Conclusion:
These results provide useful information for developing a new method to detect Salmonella
serovars effectively. Further surveillance programs and research are a necessity to limit the
spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp.