bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Savings Without Increased Risk of Respiratory Hospitalization for Preterm Children after the 2014 Palivizumab Policy Update
Authors: Levin Jonathan C. , Beam Andrew L. , Fox Kathe P. , Hayden Lystra P. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Our objective was to compare rates of hospitalizations for respiratory illnesses in preterm and full-term (FT) children for 4 years before and after the 2014 update to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis guidance, which restricted eligibility among infants born at 29 to 34 weeks in the first winter and all preterm infants in the second winter after neonatal discharge.
Study Design We conducted pre-post and interrupted time series analyses on claims data from a commercial national managed care plan. We compared the number of RSV and all respiratory hospital admissions in the first and second RSV seasons after neonatal discharge among a cohort of preterm children, regardless of palivizumab status, in the 4 years before and after the implementation of the 2014 palivizumab eligibility change. A FT group was included for reference.
Results The cohort included 821 early preterm (EP, <29 weeks), 4,790 moderate preterm (MP, 29–34 weeks), and 130,782 FT children. Palivizumab use after the policy update decreased among MP children in the first and second RSV seasons after neonatal discharge, without any change in the odds of hospitalization with RSV or respiratory illness. For the EP group, there was no change in the rate of palivizumab or the odds of hospitalization with RSV or respiratory illness after the policy update. For the FT group, there was a slight decrease in odds of hospitalization post-2014 after the policy update. The interrupted time series did not reveal any secular trends over time in hospitalization rates among preterm children. Following the policy change, there were cost savings for MP children in the first and second RSV seasons, when accounting for the cost of hospitalizations and the cost of palivizumab.
Conclusion Hospitalizations for RSV or respiratory illness did not increase, and cost savings were obtained after the implementation of the 2014 AAP palivizumab prophylaxis policy.
Key Points
Incidence of Traumatic Lumbar Punctures in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Sievänen Harri , Palmu Sauli , Kari Juho , Soukka Hanna , Lähteenmäki Päivi , Eskola Vesa 
Published: May 2022

Objectives The objective of this study is to examine factors accounting for the incidence of traumatic lumbar puncture (TLP) in infants younger than 1 year old.
Study Design Retrospective analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data from 1,240 neonatal (≤28 days) and 399 infant lumbar puncture (LP) procedures was conducted. Data from two successive LP procedures were obtained from 108 patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors accounting for the incidence of TLP in the second LP procedure. The following categorical variables were entered into the model: whether the first procedure was traumatic according to criteria of ≥500 and ≥10,000 erythrocytes/µL, whether the LP procedures were performed within a week, and whether the patient was neonatal at the first procedure.
Results The incidences of TLP were 42.9% in neonates and 22.5% in infants for the criterion of ≥500 erythrocytes/µL, and 16.6 and 10.3% for the criterion of ≥10,000 erythrocytes/µL. Compared with a nontraumatic first LP procedure, if the first procedure was traumatic according to the criterion of ≥10,000 erythrocytes/µL, the odds ratio (OR) of TLP in the second procedure was 5.86 (p = 0.006). Compared with a longer time, if the successive procedures were performed within a week, the OR of TLP was 9.06 (p < 0.0001) according to the criteria of ≥500 erythrocytes/µL and 3.34 (p = 0.045) according to the criteria of ≥10,000 erythrocytes/µL. If the patient was neonatal at the first procedure, the OR of TLP at the second puncture was 0.32 (p = 0.031) according to the criterion of ≥500 erythrocytes/µL.
Conclusion The incidence of TLP in neonates is twice as high as that in infants. Successive LP procedures performed within a week and a highly blood-contaminated CSF sample in the first procedure each multiplied the odds of TLP in the second procedure, whereas being a neonate at the time of the first procedure reduced the odds of TLP.
Key Points
Dual-Energy CT in the Pancreas
Authors: Mroueh Nayla , Cao Jinjin , Kambadakone Avinash 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an evolving imaging technology that is gaining popularity, particularly in different abdominopelvic applications. Essentially, DECT uses two energy spectra simultaneously to acquire CT attenuation data which is used to distinguish among structures with different tissue composition. The wide variety of reconstructed image data sets makes DECT especially attractive in pancreatic imaging. This article reviews the current literature on DECT as it applies to imaging the pancreas, focusing on pancreatitis, trauma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and other solid and cystic neoplasms. The advantages of DECT over conventional CT are highlighted, including improved lesion detection, radiation dose reduction, and enhanced image contrast. Additionally, data exploring the ideal protocol for pancreatic imaging using DECT is reviewed. Finally, limitations of DECT in pancreatic imaging as well as recommendations for future research are provided.
Online public opinion during the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 in China based on Weibo data
Authors: Shi Wen-zhong , Zeng Fanxin , Zhang Anshu , Tong Chengzhuo , Shen Xiaoqi , Liu Zhewei , Shi Zhicheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs COVID-19 spread around the world, epidemic prevention and control policies have been adopted by many countries. This process has prompted online social platforms to become important channels to enable people to socialize and exchange information. The massive use of social media data mining techniques, to analyze the development online of public opinion during the epidemic, is of great significance in relation to the management of public opinion. This paper presents a study that aims to analyze the developmental course of online public opinion in terms of fine-grained emotions presented during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. It is based on more than 45 million Weibo posts during the period from December 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020. A text emotion extraction method based on a dictionary of emotional ontology has been developed. The results show, for example, that a high emotional effect is observed during holidays, such as New Year. As revealed by Internet users, the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic and its rapid spread, over a comparatively short period of time, triggered a sharp rise in the emotion “fear”. This phenomenon was noted especially in Wuhan and the immediate surrounding areas. Over the initial 2 months, although this “fear” gradually declined, it remained significantly higher than the more common level of uncertainty that existed during the epidemic’s initial developmental era. Simultaneously, in the main city clusters, the response to the COVID-19 epidemic in central cities, was stronger than that in neighboring cities, in terms of the above emotion. The topics of Weibo posts, the corresponding emotions, and the analysis conclusions can provide auxiliary reference materials for the monitoring of network public opinion under similar major public events.
Nanosecond-scale impulse generator for biomedical applications of atmospheric-pressure plasma technology
Authors: Gamaleev Vladislav , Shimizu Naohiro , Hori Masaru 
Published: May 2022

This study proposes an improved high-voltage fast impulse generator based on an inductive energy storage system with a 4 kV static induction thyristor. Nanosecond-scale impulses with pulse widths below 100 ns and a peak voltage of up to 15 kV can be generated by modifying the high-voltage transformer in the circuit and tuning the circuit capacitor. The resulting device is highly stable and can perform continuously if the discharge parameters are chosen within the recommended range. A plasma jet was operated using the generator at low temperature (below 37 °C). Together with its high stability and potential for continuous operation, the proposed generator offers promise for use in biomedical and agricultural applications. Furthermore, the nanosecond-scale high-voltage impulses produced by the generator enable it to achieve an electron density in the plasma one order of magnitude higher than the commercially available radio frequency plasma jet analog. We also show how to reduce the total cost of the generator.
Reduced H+channel activity disrupts pH homeostasis and calcification in coccolithophores at low ocean pH
Authors: Kottmeier Dorothee M. , Chrachri Abdesslam , Langer Gerald , Helliwell Katherine E. , Wheeler Glen L. , Brownlee Colin 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceCoccolithophore calcification is a major ocean biogeochemical process. While this process is likely to be sensitive to acidification-driven changes in ocean carbonate chemistry, incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and constraints is a major bottleneck in predicting ocean acidification effects on calcification. We report severe disruption of pH homeostasis linked to a loss of H+channel function in the coccolithophoreCoccolithus braarudiiacclimated to seawater pH values that are likely to be encountered currently in localized regions and more widely in future oceans. This disruption leads to specific defects in coccolith morphology. These findings provide mechanistic insight into how calcification in different coccolithophores is affected by changes in seawater carbonate chemistry.
A matter of degree?
Authors: Reznikova Tatiana , Panina Anna , Kruglyakova Victoriya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The article studies the domain of wetness in 20 languages. In many of them the domain features two main words (e.g. German nass, feucht; Mongolian nojton, čijgleg; Moksha načkə, l’et’kə) and the difference between them tends to be described in terms of degree, i.e. ‘intensely’ versus ‘slightly wet’. Typological analysis shows that in each case the degree of humidity receives a specific interpretation depending on the noun that is being modified, so that the choice of a particular synonym is based not simply on the quantity of the fluid, but on the situation as a whole (including the source of moisture, intentional versus non-intentional event, etc.). We also discuss the additional factors relevant to the domain in the languages that have more than two words in it, that is, the additional words with a positive or a negative connotation, or moisture from contact with a liquid versus moisture absorbed from humid air.
Registration of histological brain images onto optical coherence tomography images based on shape information
Authors: Strenge Paul , Lange Birgit , Grill Christin , Draxinger Wolfgang , Danicke Veit , Theisen-Kunde Dirk , Hagel Christian , Spahr-Hess Sonja , Bonsanto Matteo M , Huber Robert , Handels Heinz , Brinkmann Ralf 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Identifying tumour infiltration zones during tumour resection in order to excise as much tumour tissue as possible without damaging healthy brain tissue is still a major challenge in neurosurgery. The detection of tumour infiltrated regions so far requires histological analysis of biopsies taken from at expected tumour boundaries. The gold standard for histological analysis is the staining of thin cut specimen and the evaluation by a neuropathologist. This work presents a way to transfer the histological evaluation of a neuropathologist onto optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. OCT is a method suitable for real time in vivo imaging during neurosurgery however the images require processing for the tumour detection. The method demonstrated here enables the creation of a dataset which will be used for supervised learning in order to provide a better visualization of tumour infiltrated areas for the neurosurgeon. The created dataset contains labelled OCT images from two different OCT-systems (wavelength of 930 nm and 1300 nm). OCT images corresponding to the stained histological images were determined by shaping the sample, a controlled cutting process and a rigid transformation process between the OCT volumes based on their topological information. The histological labels were transferred onto the corresponding OCT images through a non-rigid transformation based on shape context features retrieved from the sample outline in the histological image and the OCT image. The accuracy of the registration was determined to be 200 ± 120 μm. The resulting dataset consists of 1248 labelled OCT images for each of the two OCT systems.
Higgs-Dilaton inflation in Einstein-Cartan gravity
Authors: Piani Matteo , Rubio Javier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study the phenomenology of the Higgs-Dilaton model in the context of Einstein-Cartan gravity, focusing on the separate impact of the Holst and Nieh-Yan terms on the inflationary observables. Using analytical and numerical techniques, we show the predictions of these scenarios to display an attractor-like behaviour intrinsically related to the curvature of the field-space manifold in the metric formulation of the theory. Beyond that, the analysis of the Nieh-Yan case reveals the existence of an additional attractor solution induced by a cubic pole in the inflaton kinetic term that becomes relevant at large dilaton couplings. This constitutes a unique feature of the Einstein-Cartan formulation as compared to the metric and Palatini counterparts.
Dynamic corticomuscular multi-regional modulations during finger movement revealed by time-varying network analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiabing , Zhang Shu , Lu Bin , Wang Yifeng , Li Ning , Peng Yueheng , Hou Jingming , Qiu Jing , Li Fali , Yao Dezhong , Xu Peng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. A body movement involves the complicated information exchange between the central and peripheral systems, which is characterized by the dynamical coupling patterns between the multiple brain areas and multiple muscle units. How the central and peripheral nerves coordinate multiple internal brain regions and muscle groups is very important when accomplishing the action. Approach. In this study, we extend the adaptive directed transfer function to construct the time-varying networks between multiple corticomuscular regions, and divided the movement duration into different stages by the time-varying corticomuscular network patterns. Main results. The inter dynamical corticomuscular network demonstrated the different interaction patterns between the central and peripheral systems during the different hand movement stages. The muscles transmit bottom-up movement information in the preparation stage, but the brain issues top-down control commands and dominates in the execution stage, and finally the brain’s dominant advantage gradually weakens in the relaxation stage. When classifying the different movement stages based on time-varying corticomuscular network indicators, an average accuracy above 74% could be reliably achieved. Significance. The findings of this study help deepen our knowledge of central-peripheral nerve pathways and coordination mechanisms, and also provide opportunities for monitoring and regulating movement disorders.
Sensitivity analysis on the influence factors of clearance axial force of a varying-speed centrifugal pump
Authors: Jin Faye , Li Na , Wei Zhicong , Wu Yanzhao , Tao Ran , Xiao Ruofu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hydraulic axial force is an important parameter of the performance of centrifugal pump. It strongly affects the operation stability and the life-time of thrust bearing. Under the influence of flow pressure distribution, the hydraulic axial force of centrifugal pump has mainly two parts. One is the force inside impeller while the other is the force in clearance. In this case, the situation is more complex because the pump operates with varying-speed. Under the influence of rotation speed, pump head and minimum clearance width, the variation law of clearance axial force is still not fully understood. Therefore, the orthogonal experiment is conducted based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The local flow and hydraulic axial force in impeller shroud clearance is mainly studied. Results show that the pressure difference between impeller inlet and outlet will strongly impact the pressure distribution in clearance. Then, it affects the clearance axial force. The rotation speed and pump head are proved influential. However, range analysis shows that the minimum clearance width is the most dominant factor. It can somehow adjust the pressure distribution in clearance. The geometric design of impeller clearance will be important in reducing hydraulic axial force especially for varying-speed centrifugal pumps.
Aerodynamic performances and efficiency of axial flow fan placed in cooling system
Authors: Kawano Takashi , Fuchiwaki Masaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One way to reduce the aerodynamic noise generated by the cooling system of construction machinery is to improve the fan efficiency and then drive the cooling fan at a lower speed. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is effective for clarifying the mechanisms of the fan efficiency, but there are few reports that capture the flow field around the axial fan blades installed in the cooling system of construction machinery, that is, in a high static pressure environment. Moreover, from the viewpoint of the three-dimensional flow field, the fan efficiency has not been sufficiently studied. In this study, the flow field of the entire cooling system including an axial cooling fan was visualized by numerical simulation using ANSYS-CFX17.0, and the effect of the flow field formed around the blades on the fan efficiency was investigated. In case of a single axial fan, increase or decrease in pressure caused by airflow collision or separation is higher than the entire cooling system. As a result, the loss becomes large. In addition, the increase in loss due to collision or separation occurs regardless of the blade span length, and its magnitude is proportional to the circumferential velocity at each point of the blade except for the blade tip.
Unsteady flow simulations in two-stage turbines of a rocket turbopump to estimate blade structural soundness for fatigue
Authors: Funazaki K. , Iwaguchi N. , Kawasaki S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study first aims at detailed investigations of three-dimensional unsteady flow field in the reference and optimized rocket turbine stages by performing time-accurate flow simulations based on Transient Blade Row (TBR) method or Time Transformation (TT) method in a commercial software ANSYS CFX. Although TT method is believed to enable relatively low-cost unsteady flow simulation, detailed comparisons between TT method-based and conventional unsteady flow simulations are made before TT method application to Fluid-Structural Interaction (FSI) problem. This study then makes an attempt to conduct structural analyses of the 1st and 2nd stage turbine blades under the influence of unsteady fluid forces caused by rotor-stator interaction predicted by TT method-based flow simulations. The structural analyses are executed by use of MSC Nastran. In this study, two materials are adopted as blade material. After the Fourier-series decomposition of the calculated unsteady pressure distributions, the unsteady pressure information is mapped onto the FEM (Finite Element Method)-modeled turbine blade surface as exciting aerodynamic loading. The frequency response analyses are then performed to calculate alternating stresses of the blade, from which the maximum magnitudes of alternating stress are obtained so as to discuss the rotor blade fatigue life.
Performance improvement of centrifugal compressors for automotive turbochargers using adjoint method
Authors: Honda Hironori , Kanzaka Tadashi , Oka Nobuhito , Verstraete Tom , Châtel Arnaud , Müller Lasse 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A sensitivity calculation using adjoint method has a feature of low calculation cost because sensitivity information of all computational grid points can be calculated by only one numerical simulation. From this feature, it has been utilized as a calculation method of sensitivity information for a gradient-based optimization and this optimization procedure with adjoint method can be one of suitable ways for centrifugal compressor impeller which has a lot of design parameters such as meridional shape, blade angle and thickness. During the gradient-based optimization, mesh morphing, which moves the computational grid directly based on sensitivity information, is generally used for shape deformation. However, the mesh morphing is difficult to implement due to shape constraints which is particularly required for rotating blades, such as minimum blade thickness and rotationally axisymmetric shape. In this study, in order to avoid these problems, sensitivity information of each grid point was converted into that of conventional design parameters, and optimization was carried out. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, two different optimizations were carried out for centrifugal compressor impeller. In the single-point optimization which focuses on efficiency improvement, maximum efficiency was increased by 3.5% compared to a baseline impeller. While, multi-points optimization which considers balance between flow capacity and efficiency showed that the maximum efficiency was improved by 0.6% compared to the baseline impeller while maintaining the same flow capacity.
2D structured mesh for simulations of unsteady cavitation around a plane convex hydrofoil
Authors: Puga D , Hidalgo V , Luo X 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present paper focuses on the influence of the mesh for simulations of unsteady cavitation around a plane convex hydrofoil. A two dimensional structured mesh was generated using free software Gmsh. The span wise size of the hydrofoil was 0.02 of the chord length in the computational domain. The numerical simulation was conducted by using the software OpenFOAM with the k-ω SST SAS turbulence model and the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model. The results show that the present numerical method including two dimensional mesh strategy and the SAS turbulence model efficiently represents the unsteady cavitation behaviour around the plane convex hydrofoil, and reproduces the maximum cavity length and the cavitation oscillation compared with the experimental data and the numerical results simulated by implicit LES in a characteristic cycle.
Difference of clogging performance between radial and swept back impeller of axial pump
Authors: Kondo Y , Miura K , Miyagawa K , Nohmi M , Tsuneda T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An axial pump which is used to pump water out of a river often sucks in solid bodies such as leaves and branches. These foreign substances may clog the passage and lead to dangerous conditions such as a decline in the performance of the pump. In this investigation, we conducted the clogging experiments by putting polyester strings in an axial drain pump which has two types of impellers, a radial blade impeller and a swept back blade impeller. By visualizing behavior of the strings in the pump using a high-speed video camera, we compared the anti-clogging performance between the two impellers and investigated the mechanism of clogging. The results of these experiments showed that the pass rate of the strings that flowed into the swept back blade impeller was higher than that in the radial blade impeller. It is because strings that are caught in the leading edge of the swept back blade tend to move to the tip side and be pulled towards the suction surface. In addition to the experiments, we carried out the simulations of these experiments using a CFD-DEM (Discrete Element Method) coupling analysis. The results were in good agreement with the experiments qualitatively.