bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of gellan gum and calcium fortification on the rheological properties of mung bean protein and gellan gum mixtures
Authors: Israkarn Kamolwan , Buathongjan Chonchanok , Gamonpilas Chaiwut , Methacanon Pawadee , Wisetsuwannaphum Sirikarn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effects of gellan gum types and CaCl2 addition on the rheological characteristics of mung bean protein (MBP)‐gellan gum mixtures at varying protein contents (1–7 wt%) were investigated. Two types of gellan gum, high acyl gellan (HAG) and low acyl gellan (LAG), at 0.5 wt% were used. MBP–HAG system showed soft and elastic gels at below 3 wt% MBP content, but gel became weaker due to protein network disruption at higher MBP content. In contrast, MBP–LAG system exhibited a liquid‐like behavior and a synergistic interaction between LAG and MBP. High calcium concentration can cause proteins to aggregate leading to protein precipitation. However, such phenomenon could be retarded by both types of gellan gum in the MBP–gellan gum mixtures studied herein. The calcium addition of up to 50 mM did not significantly alter the overall viscoelastic property of MBP–HAG system. In contrast, MBP–LAG system fortified with calcium formed solid gel at low protein content (1 wt%), but excessive calcium ions were required to maintain the strong gel characteristic at higher protein concentration (≥ 3 wt%) due to the competitive binding of calcium between the protein and gellan gum. These results were also supported by their microstructure observed through CLSM and SEM experiments.Practical ApplicationThe application of hydrocolloids as rheology modifiers is useful to improve the stability and textural properties of plant‐based protein drinks. Results from this study are helpful for the industry to understand the textural properties of mung bean protein at varying concentrations in the presence of gellan gum and calcium. Especially, at high calcium fortification which is desirable in plant‐based protein drinks, protein aggregation could be retarded by gellan gum. Overall, the finding demonstrated that a range of rheological characteristics of mung bean protein and gellan gum mixtures could be manipulated as desired to meet both nutritional quality and product stability.
Synergistic effect of high hydrostatic pressure, allyl isothiocyanate, and acetic acid on the inactivation and survival of pathogenic Escherichia coli in ground chicken
Authors: Sheen Shiowshuh , Huang Chi‐Yun , Chuang Shihyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMeat and poultry are prone to contamination with foodborne pathogens sourced from the livestock or introduced from the processing environments. In this study, for retention of meat quality while assuring microbial food safety, mild levels of high hydrostatic pressure were hurdled with food‐grade additives (i.e., allyl isothiocyanate [AITC] and acetic acid [AA], functioned as antimicrobials) to inactivate pathogenic Escherichia coli in ground chicken. The reductions of Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli (STEC) O157:H7 and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) were described as a function of high hydrostatic pressure (200–350 MPa), process‐holding time (10–25 min), AITC concentration (0.05–0.20% w/w), and AA concentration (0.10‐–0.30% w/w) using a full factorial design. The antimicrobials had little influence on bacterial inactivation without high pressure. Without the antimicrobials, a high‐pressure treatment at 300 MPa and 4°C for 15 min reduced E. coli O157:H7 and UPEC by 1.52 and 2.52 log, respectively. A 5‐log reduction was achieved when AITC and AA were combined with high pressure, indicating a synergistic effect. The survivors were further reduced to below the detection limit of 1 log CFU/g after subsequent storage tests at 4 and 10°C for 10 days. The STEC O157:H7 was found slightly more resistant than UPEC in our test matrix. The developed models showed good fits with experimental data (R2 > 0.95 for linear models; Pr > F (<0.0001) for dimensionless nonlinear models); which may help processors find/optimize the processing parameters to achieve target foodborne pathogens reduction for food safety requirement.Practical ApplicationModels were developed to predict the inactivation of pathogenic Escherichia coli in ground chicken by high‐pressure processing (HPP) in combination with natural antimicrobial compounds. These models can be used to estimate/determine the HPP operation parameters and antimicrobial usage levels (i.e., allyl isothiocyanate and acetic acid) needed to achieve a specific microbial log reduction within the selected factor ranges. The operation parameters and clean‐label ingredients are of interest in the food industry, which may benefit from the application of the models in achieving microbial safety, process optimization, and operation cost reduction.
Use of vasoactive agents in non‐cardiac surgery: Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Bækgaard Emilie S. , Møller Morten Hylander , Vester‐Andersen Morten , Krag Mette 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of patients undergo surgical procedures worldwide each year, and despite advances in quality and care, morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Perioperative hypotension is a well‐described condition, and is associated with adverse outcomes. Both fluids and vasoactive agents are commonly used to treat hypotension, however, whether one vasoactive agent is preferable over another has yet to be explored.MethodsIn accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) statement, we plan to conduct a scoping review of studies assessing the use of vasoactive agents in patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery. We will provide an overview of indications, agents used and outcomes assessed. We will assess and report the certainty of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsWe will provide descriptive analyses of the included studies accompanied by tabulated results.ConclusionThe outlined scoping review will provide a summary of the body of evidence on the use of vasoactive agents in the non‐cardiac surgical population.
Single‐cell RNA‐seq reveals early heterogeneity during aging in yeast
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Sang Yuchen , Jin Shengxian , Wang Xuezheng , Azad Gajendra Kumar , McCormick Mark A. , Kennedy Brian K. , Li Qing , Wang Jianbin , Zhang Xiannian , Zhang Yi , Huang Yanyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) has relatively short lifespan and is genetically tractable, making it a widely used model organism in aging research. Here, we carried out a systematic and quantitative investigation of yeast aging with single‐cell resolution through transcriptomic sequencing. We optimized a single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) protocol to quantitatively study the whole transcriptome profiles of single yeast cells at different ages, finding increased cell‐to‐cell transcriptional variability during aging. The single‐cell transcriptome analysis also highlighted key biological processes or cellular components, including oxidation–reduction process, oxidative stress response (OSR), translation, ribosome biogenesis and mitochondrion that underlie aging in yeast. We uncovered a molecular marker of FIT3, indicating the early heterogeneity during aging in yeast. We also analyzed the regulation of transcription factors and further characterized the distinctive temporal regulation of the OSR by YAP1 and proteasome activity by RPN4 during aging in yeast. Overall, our data profoundly reveal early heterogeneity during aging in yeast and shed light on the aging dynamics at the single cell level.
Shape differences of the Carina sterni in birds of various locomotion types
Authors: Gündemir Migena Gjoni , Szara Tomasz , Spataru Constantin , Demircioglu Ismail , Turek Bernard , Petrovas Georgios , Spataru Mihaela Claudia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe anatomy of the sternum in birds varies according to their habitats and type of locomotion. In particular, the carina sterni manifest different shape variations. In this study, the shape of the carina sterni was investigated by means of geometric morphometrics. Birds of different types of locomotion were used in the study: flying, swimming, and terrestrial. Ducks and chickens show a wider variety of shapes. Pigeons are the species with the least differences. The margo cranialis carinae in a turkey is the flattest compared to other species. In chickens, the apex carinae is more caudally than the base of the carina sterni. The margo cranialis of the carina sterni in ducks is concave. The differences in centroid size and shape differences between species collectively are statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The most distinct shape contrast is between the duck and turkey (p: 0.0003). Form differences between the ducks and geese as well as between the chicken and turkey are statistically insignificant. There is less variation in the shape of the carina sterni among avian species representing the same type of locomotion. Although there are many comparative morphological and morphometric studies of birds, shape analysis studies revealing the interspecific differences and similarities of the sternum are very limited. Morphology of the carina sterni can be useful in taxonomic investigations.
Hospital discharge planning: A systematic literature review on the support measures that social workers undertake to facilitate older patients' transition from hospital admission back to the community
Authors: Dimla Bernadette , Parkinson Lynne , Wood Denise , Powell Zalia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review the literature on measures social workers undertake to facilitate discharge planning for older people in a resource‐scarce environment.MethodsSystematic search of electronic databases for peer‐reviewed articles published in English between January 1990 and August 2020. Articles on hospital discharge planning facilitated by social workers for older patients returning home from hospital admission were included. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess quality and risk of bias. The systematic literature review protocol has been registered with PROSPERO on 27 August 2021.ResultsSix studies from Canada and the United States met the eligibility criteria. The most common support measures employed by hospital social workers when discharge planning for older patients were assessment, education, care co‐ordination, liaison and engagement with families and providers, conflict resolution, counselling and postdischarge follow‐up. Barriers to effective discharge planning were medical complexity, lack of communication, time constraints, limited family support, availability of resources and patient safety. These studies were published between 1993 and 2014 and were not within the Australian context.ConclusionsThere are limited studies on Social Work discharge planning within the Australian context, particularly on how this important service has been impacted by recent aged care reforms. More research on the topic is necessary to fully understand how aged care reforms such as the National Prioritisation System for Home Care Packages have influenced hospital discharge planning and how social workers have adapted their practice to this challenge.
Does Co‐CEO Adoption Lead to Better Stock Performance? An Empirical Analysis Focusing on High‐growth Firms
Authors: Shin Jae Eun , Lee Gun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile there is an increasing debate about whether having multiple CEOs is beneficial to firms, few empirical studies have examined stock returns' consequences after adopting the co‐CEO structure. Set in the Korean context, where the co‐CEO structure is a common corporate practice, we find that co‐CEO adoption has subsequently led to better stock performance than adherence to a sole‐CEO structure. Moreover, given the diverse circumstances in which firms operate, co‐CEO structure adoption does not guarantee success. We find evidence that the co‐CEO structure's superior performance over the sole‐CEO structure is concentrated in high‐growth subsamples.
Antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) and risk of obstetric anti‐phospholipid syndrome
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Liu Zhilan , Guo Feng , Wang Qiaohong , Bai Wenxin , Zhao Aimin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveAssessment of the prevalence of anti‐phosphatidylserine‐prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) with OAPS and SN‐OAPS in Chinese patients.MethodsThis retrospective study proceeded at Ren Ji Hospital,Shanghai, China, from January 2019 to January 2020. Two hundred eleven OAPS, 68 SN‐OAPS, 81 disease controls, and 30 healthy donors were enrolled. IgM and IgG aPS/PT, IgM/IgG ‐ aCL, and IgM/ IgG/ anti‐β2GPI antibodies were tested by ELISA while LAC was tested by clotting assays. All the patients were followed up and tested at least twice over 12 weeks apart.ResultsThirty‐three OAPS (15.64%) and 31 SN‐OAPS (45.59%) were positive for aPS/PT. aPS/PT IgM showed a high Youden index (.813), which classified OAPS and SN‐OAPS patients from healthy controls and other autoimmune diseases. aPS/PT showed a stronger relationship with LAC. Of the 25 OAPS women positive for IgM aPS/PT, 19 (79%) LAC were positive, while of the eight women positive for IgG aPS/PT, 100% were found LAC positive.ConclusionaPS/PT antibody showed an efficient diagnostic value for Chinese patients with OAPS and SN‐OAPS, which could be a potential risk predictor for obstetric complications.
On screen experiment showed that becoming a parent for the first time shifted people's priorities from themselves to their infant at 1 year of age
Authors: Hoegholt Nadia F. , Buus Svend , Fernandes Henrique M. , Sui Jie , Vuust Peter , Kringelbach Morten L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThis study used a screen‐based perceptual matching task to see how non‐parents, people trying to get pregnant, and those who had given birth prioritised shapes and labels relating to self or infant conditions.MethodsThe study took place at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark from December 2016 to November 2021. Recruitment methods included family planning clinics, social media, online recruitment systems and local bulletin boards. The modified perceptual matching task linked five shapes to five labels, including self and infant.ResultsWe found that 67 males and females with a mean age of 24.4 ± 3 years, who had no plans to become parents in the near future, reacted faster and more accurately to self‐shapes and labels (p < 0.001), which validated the experiment. The 56 participants aged 27.1 ± 4.4 years who were actively trying to become parents showed no statistically significant prioritisation. A subset of 21 participants aged 28.7 ± 4.4 years showed faster response times to infant than self‐shapes and labels 1 year after giving birth (p < 0.001).ConclusionHealthy first‐time parents showed faster reactions to infant than self‐conditions 1 year after giving birth, in contrast to the other two groups.
Classification of acute poisoning exposures with machine learning models derived from the National Poison Data System
Authors: Mehrpour Omid , Hoyte Christopher , Delva‐Clark Heather , Al Masud Abdullah , Biswas Ashis , Schimmel Jonathan , Nakhaee Samaneh , Goss Foster 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe primary aim of this pilot study was to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict and distinguish eight poisoning agents based on clinical symptoms. Data were used from the National Poison Data System from 2014 to 2018, for patients 0–89 years old with single‐agent exposure to eight drugs or drug classes (acetaminophen, aspirin, benzodiazepines, bupropion, calcium channel blockers, diphenhydramine, lithium and sulfonylureas). Four classifier prediction models were applied to the data: logistic regression, LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost. There were 201 031 cases used to develop and test the algorithms. Among the four models, accuracy ranged 77%–80%, with precision and F1 scores of 76%–80% and recall of 77%–78%. Overall specificity was 92% for all models. Accuracy was highest for identifying sulfonylureas, acetaminophen, benzodiazepines and diphenhydramine poisoning. F1 scores were highest for correctly classifying sulfonylureas, acetaminophen and benzodiazepine poisonings. Recall was highest for sulfonylureas, acetaminophen, and benzodiazepines, and lowest for bupropion. Specificity was >99% for models of sulfonylureas, calcium channel blockers, lithium and aspirin. For single‐agent poisoning cases among the eight possible exposures, machine learning models based on clinical signs and symptoms moderately predicted the causal agent. CatBoost and LightGBM classifier models had the highest performance of those tested.
Public overspending in higher education
Authors: Brotherhood Luiz , Delalibera Bruno R. , Torres de Mello Pereira Luciene 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study the trade‐off between governmental investments in pretertiary and tertiary education from an efficiency point of view. We develop a model comprising agents with different incomes and abilities, public and private schools, and public universities that select applicants based on an admission exam. Reallocating governmental resources from tertiary to pretertiary education may positively affect aggregate production and human capital if some conditions are satisfied. For instance, in an economy with a high proportion of credit‐constrained students, a reallocation of expenditure toward public schools benefits many students, compensating for the negative effect of a decrease in public university investments. We also quantitatively investigate the optimal allocation of public investment between pretertiary and tertiary education, and we find that a 10% increase in productivity of public investments in pretertiary education could increase the optimal GDP between 2.1% and 3%.
Changes in levels of testosterone, insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles during GnRH therapy: Reciprocity between insulin sensitivity and pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in teenage and young male patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Fan Hong‐Qi , Wang Yu‐Cheng , He Wei , Zhou Hong‐Wen , Yang Tao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesA direct evaluation of insulin sensitivity on pituitary response to gonadotropin relasing hormone (GnRH) has not been shown in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), despite a growing body of evidence in the association of testosterone concentrations with insulin sensitiviy. The objective of the study was to explore whether increased testosterone concentrations in men with CHH improve insulin sensitivity, or vice versa.DesignA retrospective study at a tertiary centre.PatientsSeries of male CHH patients were included from Jannuary 2014 to December 2019.MeasurementsInsulin sensitivity indices calculated from oral glucose tolerance test and steroid hormone levels were examined in 52 patients with newly diagnosed CHH and 22 healthy controls. Thirty‐two of the 52 CHH patients received pulsatile GnRH therapy with follow‐up every 3–6 months.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, CHH patients had elevated 2 h post‐load glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and decreased Matsuda index and testosterone (p ≤ .01). The median follow‐up for patients (n = 32) who received pulsatile GnRH therapy was 13.5 (11.3−24) months (432 person‐months in total). GnRH therapy increased testosterone and Matsuda index (p ≤ .0001), whilst decreased platelet count (p = .04), leptin (p = .04), fasting glucose (p = .01) and HOMA‐IR (p < .0001) compared with baseline. The median treatment duration first time to reach the lower limit of normal testosterone concentrations of patients with high and low baseline insulin sensitivity was 15 (95% CI: 8.1−21.9) and 30 months (21.2−38.8), respectively. Correspondingly, after GnRH therapy, luteinizing hormone responsiveness to GnRH provocative test was more vigorous in patients with high insulin sensitivity than those with low insulin sensitivity [17.0 (9.5−25.9) vs. 8.2 (3.3−13.0), p = .01].ConclusionPulsatile GnRH therapy elevated testosterone levels in male CHH patients, ameliorated impaired insulin sensitivity and attenuated subclinical inflammatory response, increased insulin sensitivity, in turn, may benefit the efficacy of pulsatile GnRH therapy.
The effect of brushing discomfort on peri‐implant health in sites exhibiting inadequate keratinized mucosa width: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Perussolo Jeniffer , Matarazzo Flávia , Dias Debora R. , Oliveira Ricardo P. , Araújo Mauricio G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the effect of brushing discomfort (BD) on peri‐implant health in sites exhibiting inadequate keratinized mucosa (KM) width.Material and MethodsPatients presenting with at least one implant exhibiting KM <2 mm and in function for ≥1 year were eligible for inclusion. BD was assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS), and implants were classified into two groups: Absence (aBD; VAS = 0) or Presence (pBD; VAS > 0) of BD. Bleeding on probing (BoP), modified plaque index (mPI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), suppuration (Sup), and marginal bone level (MBL) were recorded. Mann–Whitney, chi‐square test, and a multilevel model were used for analysis.ResultsFifty‐nine patients with 155 dental implants were analyzed, of which 60 presented no BD, and 95 presented some level of BD. BoP, PD, CAL, and MBL were significantly higher in the pBD than in the aBD group (p < .05). The prevalence of peri‐implant diseases at implant level was also higher in the pBD group than in the aBD group. However, after controlling for confounding factors, only mPI showed an effect on BoP. In addition, difficulty to perform oral hygiene was statistically higher in the pBD group.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that although BD around implants exhibiting KM <2 mm did not influence tissue inflammation, it could represent a symptom of peri‐implant diseases. Further clinical trials assessing the long‐term effect of BD must be considered to better ascertain its effects on peri‐implant health.
Quantifying patients' expectations prior to bariatric surgery with the BODY‐Q in an international multicentre cohort
Authors: Dijkhorst Phillip J. , de Vries Claire E. E. , Mou Danny , Poulsen Lotte , Sørensen Jens A. , Hoogbergen Maarten M. , van Veen Ruben N. , Klassen Anne F. , Pusic Andrea L. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryMany people living with obesity may have unrealistic expectations prior to undergoing bariatric surgery. These expectations can lead to frustration, regret and even worse psychological outcomes after surgery. Prior to undergoing bariatric surgery, patients completed the BODY‐Q Expectations scale. This 15‐item scale asks patients to imagine what their life will be like when 2 years have passed since bariatric surgery. Scores for expectations range from 0 (low) to 100 (high). Linear regression models were used to assess which of the patient characteristics could predict patients' expectations. From 2019 to 2020, a total of 333 patients were recruited from three different countries. The mean score on the BODY‐Q Expectations scale was 73.1, ±20. Out of the 15 items on the Expectation scale, people living with obesity found it most likely that bariatric surgery would make them feel better and improve their energy, while it was reported least likely that they would look good without clothes on. Younger age (p = <.01) and race (non‐white) (p = .046) were found to be significant predictors for higher scores on the Expectations scale. Participants who identified as non‐white from the Netherlands and United States, and those aged under 40 years reported higher expectations compared with participants who identified as white race and were 40 years of age or older. Prior to bariatric surgery, patients aged under 40 years and those who identified as non‐white for race had higher expectations that their life would change after bariatric surgery. These relevant findings should be considered when giving pre‐operative counselling.