bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual TCR-α Expression on Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells as a Potential Confounder of TCR Interpretation
Authors: Suliman Sara , Kjer-Nielsen Lars , Iwany Sarah K , Lopez Tamara Kattya , Loh Liyen , Grzelak Ludivine , Kedzierska Katherine , Ocampo Tonatiuh A , Corbett Alexandra J , McCluskey James , Rossjohn Jamie , León Segundo R , Calderon Roger , Lecca-Garcia Leonid , Murray Megan B , Moody D Branch , Van Rhijn Ildiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that are highly abundant in human blood and tissues. Most MAIT cells have an invariant TCRα-chain that uses T cell receptor α-variable 1-2 (TRAV1-2) joined to TRAJ33/20/12 and recognizes metabolites from bacterial riboflavin synthesis bound to the Ag-presenting molecule MHC class I related (MR1). Our attempts to identify alternative MR1-presented Ags led to the discovery of rare MR1-restricted T cells with non–TRAV1-2 TCRs. Because altered Ag specificity likely alters affinity for the most potent known Ag, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), we performed bulk TCRα- and TCRβ-chain sequencing and single-cell–based paired TCR sequencing on T cells that bound the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer with differing intensities. Bulk sequencing showed that use of V genes other than TRAV1-2 was enriched among MR1-5-OP-RU tetramerlow cells. Although we initially interpreted these as diverse MR1-restricted TCRs, single-cell TCR sequencing revealed that cells expressing atypical TCRα-chains also coexpressed an invariant MAIT TCRα-chain. Transfection of each non–TRAV1-2 TCRα-chain with the TCRβ-chain from the same cell demonstrated that the non–TRAV1-2 TCR did not bind the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer. Thus, dual TCRα-chain expression in human T cells and competition for the endogenous β-chain explains the existence of some MR1-5-OP-RU tetramerlow T cells. The discovery of simultaneous expression of canonical and noncanonical TCRs on the same T cell means that claims of roles for non–TRAV1-2 TCR in MR1 response must be validated by TCR transfer-based confirmation of Ag specificity.
Correlation between Clinical Dementia Rating and brain neuroimaging metrics of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chakraborty Sumit , Mandal Santanu , Kundu Sourav , Sau Arkaprabha 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Dementia is an already established major clinical health problem globally as well as in India. Neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has an established role to support a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by identifying certain brain atrophy patterns.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess clinico-radiological utility of neuroimaging biomarkers of AD.

Settings and Design:
This was an observational study with cross-sectional design with 36 patients of AD in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with AD in the age group of 55–90 years were subjected to MRI brain examination as per protocol at the Department of Radiodiagnosis, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata. The GCA (Global Cortical Atrophy) score, mesial temporal atrophy (MTA) score, Fazekas grading score, and Koedam score were determined and these MRI parameters were correlated statistically with Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score for further analysis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 was used as a statistical tool, and Spearman's rho coefficient was used as statistical test for correlation, and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
Average hippocampal volumes showed a significant negative correlation with CDR depicting a clinical deterioration, can be used as probable marker of brain atrophy. This is reinforced by the findings of significant positive correlations of CDR with GCA, MTA, and Koedam's score.

Conclusions:
It is proposed that global cortical atrophy, MTA, and Koedam score can be used as a basic screening imaging biomarker of AD in the population with dementia.
Assessment of quality of life and prevalence of readmission in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Samuel Jeny , Charles Anoora , George Christine M. , Thomas Elsa , Swathy S. , Kumar Sujith S. , G. Boby J. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Cardiovascular diseases have been responsible for one-fifth of all deaths in India over the last decade. The overall purpose of this research was to study patients who have had a myocardial infarction (MI) and their subsequent readmission rate. The study focused on understanding the quality of life of patients with MI, the adverse effects of drugs used in MI, and the compliance of patients with their medication. Patient counselling was given by clinical pharmacists regarding the importance of medication adherence and nonpharmacological therapy such as diet and exercise in the management of MI. The study showed that patient counselling can significantly improve medication adherence and, thereby, quality of life in patients with MI.

Objectives
To assess the quality of life and prevalence of readmission among patients with MI, to monitor the adverse drug reactions (ADR) and its management, and to study the effect of patient counselling initiated by clinical pharmacists on medication adherence and knowledge of the patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Patients and methods
A total of 61 patients with MI were subjected to Morisky medication adherence scale 8-item questionnaire to measure medication adherence, modified Hartwig’s Siegel assessment scale to measure the severity of ADR, and the WHO-UPSALA evaluation scale to identify causality. The short form 36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.

Results and conclusion
According to the study, 14 ADRs were observed. Patients who have experienced chronic MI had a far greater readmission rate. People who experienced a MI had a lower quality of life. The findings in this study revealed that patient counselling was able to enhance patient understanding and medication adherence. This contributes to the development of a positive professional relationship between the pharmacist and the patient. Better understanding of disease and medication can improve health and quality of life of patients.
Morphomolecular identification, metabolic profile, anticancer, and antioxidant capacities of Penicillium sp. NRC F1 and Penicillium sp. NRC F16 isolated from an Egyptian remote cave
Authors: Elkhateeb Waill A. , Mettwally Walaa S.A. , Saleh Shireen A.A. , Fayad Walid , Nafady Ibrahim M. , Daba Ghoson M. 
Published: March 2022

Background
There is a pressing need to screen for new sources of potent bioactive compounds to help in treating current widespread diseases. Fungi represent the perfect candidates that can fulfill this need owing to their ability to produce bioactive compounds.

Objective
To screen for fungi from a novel source, chemically analyze their extracts, and evaluate some of their bioactivities.

Materials and methods
Soil samples from El Shekh Sayed bat cave in Asyut, Egypt, were targeted as a novel source of fungi. Silylated ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from isolates of interest, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer chemical analyses were performed on these extracts to identify existing metabolites. Moreover, the extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activities against human colon cancer (HCT116) and human breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines.

Results and conclusion
A total of 31 strains were isolated from the bat cave, and two of them were identified as Penicillium sp. NRC F1 and Penicillium sp. NRC F16. Chemical analyses of their silylated ethyl acetate extracts resulted in the detection of 114 compounds. Penicillium sp. NRC F1 and Penicillium sp. NRC F16 extracts have recorded antioxidant activities of 74.41±0.59 and 65.58±1.55%, respectively. The Penicillium sp. NRC F1 extract has exerted a cytotoxicity of 95.72±1.13 and 97.29±0.61% against HCT116 and MCF7 cell lines, respectively, whereas the Penicillium sp. NRC F16 extract has recorded 95.43±1.4 and 97.08±1.07%, respectively, against the same cell lines. The results propose these strains as bioactive metabolite producers and encourage further in vivo investigations to confirm their potency.
Association of Sleep Disturbances and Craniofacial Characteristics in Children with Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Balraj Krishna , Shetty Vabitha , Hegde Amitha 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Behaviour problems, poor academic performance and failure to thrive are some of the potential sequelae of sleep problems in children. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the prevalence of sleep problems and significant associations in children with skeletal class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine associations if any between sleep practices and problems and craniofacial characteristics in children with skeletal class II malocclusion with mandibular deficiency.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among a group of children with skeletal class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty children aged 8–14 years with skeletal class II with mandibular retrognathism and who required myofunctional therapy were selected. A validated sleep questionnaire assessed the sleep practices and problems. A detailed clinical examination including tonsils and evaluation for mouth breathing was performed. A lateral cephalogram recorded specific linear, angular variables as well as upper and lower pharyngeal airway space.

Statistical Analysis:
Descriptive statistics, frequency, and percentages were calculated, and the Chi-square test was used.

Results:
All children reported at least one sleep problem, with snoring reported by 76% of the children. Forty-two percent of the children showed a decreased upper airway, whereas 80% showed a decreased lower airway. Significant associations were seen between SN-MP and noisy breathing, upper airway, and snoring with a P value of 0.017. We also found significant associations between upper and lower airway and sleep positions with a P value of 0.021 and 0.005, respectively.

Conclusion:
All the children exhibited at least one sleep problem. There was a strong association of certain sleep practices and sleep problems with cephalometric variables.
Awareness and Preparedness of Dentists at Handling Medical Emergencies in Delhi-National Capital Region – A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Dudeja Pooja , Sharma Manisha Lakhanpal , Srivastava Dhirendra , Dudeja Krishan Kumar , Dahiya Vinita , Passi Deepak 
Published: March 2022

Context:
A medical emergency (ME) may come as a surprise during our busy appointment schedules. Whether or not the office has prepared for this emergency generally decides how it will turn out.

Aim:
This cross-sectional survey aimed to evaluate the awareness and preparedness of dentists at handling MEs in a dental office.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted over three months (December 2015 – February 2016) at two dental colleges of Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR). Materials and

Methods:
The total number of participants was 384, which were divided into four groups of ninety-six participants each, i.e., Group 1 (Interns); Group 2 (Academicians); Group 3 (Postgraduate students (PG)) and Group 4 (Private practitioners (PP)).

Statistical Analysis:
The collected data was analysed on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and subjected to ANOVA and Posthoc Bonferroni tests.

Results:
Academicians were found to have the maximum awareness about MEs occurring in the dental office, while, interns had the minimum preparedness for the same and their difference with the other groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
A huge gap exists between the awareness and preparedness of dentists at managing MEs. Sound knowledge of essential drugs reinforced by regular practical training, mock drills and properly equipped dental offices is the need of the hour.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Dental Practitioners, Interns and Post-Graduate Trainees about Covid-19 Pandemic in Chennai
Authors: Krithika Chandrasekaran , Srinath Srithi , Marlecha R Bharath , Sridhar Chitathoor , Sreedevi J , Jeddy Nadeem , Kumar A C Vinod 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been sweeping around the globe and the cases have been reported in India since the second week of March, with Chennai being one of the most affected cities. Healthcare professionals, particularly the dental personnel have a higher risk of infection due to close face-to-face contact and the risk of inhalation of aerosolised particles.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about COVID-19 among interns, post-graduate trainees and dental practitioners.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using Google forms among three groups: interns, post-graduate trainees and dental practitioners. Data obtained was analysed by Chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc test using SPSS IBM software.

Results:
Of total score of 9 for knowledge-based questions, the score obtained by interns, post-graduate trainees and practitioners were 7.2, 7.2 and 7.5, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among the groups (P = 0.24). Of total score of 4 for attitude-based questions, the score obtained by interns, post-graduate trainees and practitioners were 1.6, 2.0, and 1.9, respectively, with statistically significant difference among the groups (0.009). Of total score of 7 for practice-based questions, the score obtained by interns, post-graduate trainees and practitioners were 3.2, 3.3, and 3.1, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among them (P = 0.63).

Conclusion:
Though the knowledge about COVID-19 appeared adequate, the attitude and practice component needs improvement. Continuing dental education programs and webinars can be conducted to update the dental professionals about the protocols to be followed during COVID-19 pandemic.
Efficacy of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation in The Removal of Three Different Intracanal Medicaments - An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Shakapuram Gangaraju , Pachalla Mayuri Sailaja , Karne Anand Ramtheerth , Shiva Sandeep , Deepa J , Kommineni Supriya 
Published: March 2022

Background:
A successful root canal treatment involves the elimination of microorganisms, and prevents them from reinfecting the root and/or peri-radicular tissues. This can be mainly achieved by efficient cleaning and shaping of the root canal system. Due to the complexity of the root canal morphology, hand and rotary files cannot clean areas such as the isthmuses and lateral canals. In such cases, effective irrigation and the use of intracanal medicaments are essential. Medicaments that are applied should be removed before obturation.

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of three different intracanal medicaments – Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), Odontopaste, and Metapex using a stereomicroscope.

Methodology:
A total of 45 single-rooted human teeth were selected and decoronated. The root canals were shaped with ProTaper rotary files. The specimens were fixed in modified Eppendorf vials with silicone material. The roots were split longitudinally, and a standardized groove was prepared in the apical part. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups each containing 15 samples based on the intracanal medicament used: TAP, Odontopaste, and Metapex. The root halves were reassembled with sticky wax and remounted in the Eppendorf vial. Each specimen was irrigated with 3% NaOCl and agitated using a passive ultrasonic device. The root segments were disassembled. Digital images were obtained using a stereomicroscope.

Results:
The data were evaluated statistically using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. There was a statistically significant difference in the remaining intracanal medicament score (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Odontopaste showed the least remaining amount score, whereas TAP and Metapex showed greater retention within the dentin.
Perception of healthcare workers towards the government's Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic response in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeniran Adeyinka , Oluwole Esther O. , Chieme Florence C. , Olujobi Babatunde , Ilesanmi Marcus M. , Ojo Omobola Y. , Akinyinka Modupe R. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Globally, coronavirus 2019 pandemic has led to severe illnesses, loss of lives, and social disruption in Nigeria. Ekiti State government introduced different strategies, protocols, and standard operating procedures in the control of the pandemic. This study assessed the perception of primary healthcare workers (HCWs) to the measures introduced to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Methods:
This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between August and September 2020 among primary HCWs in Ekiti State. A Google survey tool was used to create an online questionnaire which was administered to respondents on social media platform. Analysis was done using STATA SE 12. Descriptive and bivariate analysis were conducted with a level of significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean ± standard deviation age of the respondents was 44.2 ± 6.7 years. Almost all (99.4%) of respondents had heard of COVID-19 pandemic while less than three-quarter (67.7%) had been trained on COVID-19. About half (54.6%) and (50.0%), respectively had good knowledge and perception of COVID-19, while three-quarter (75%) had good practice. About half (50.4%) had good perception about government's response toward COVID-19 prevention and protocols. Social and news media and family and friends were significantly associated with respondents' perception toward government' response (P = 0.000; 0.006 and 0.011) respectively. Similarly, the level of perception and practice of respondents were found to be statistically significant with respondent's perception of government response to COVID-19 (P = 0.001 and 0.040) respectively.

Conclusion:
Only about half of the respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19 and positive perception toward government's response to COVID-19 pandemic. Intensification of government's efforts toward the pandemic control in Nigeria is recommended.
Política 2.0 en Ecuador. Análisis del discurso y la comunicación política en Facebook
Authors: Altamirano-Benítez Verónica , Ruiz-Aguirre Pablo , Baquerizo-Neira Gabriela 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Las redes sociales son reconocidas por el impacto en las decisiones de los usuarios, y han sido estudiadas para determinar su incidencia en el ámbito político. Metodología: La presente investigación analiza la campaña electoral de los candidatos a presidentes de Ecuador, en el año 2021, a partir de tres objetivos: analizar la comunicación 2.0 para determinar en qué medida los candidatos establecen una relación interactiva con los electores en Facebook; analizar los elementos lingüísticos y las emociones en las publicaciones para identificar el tipo de discurso político que emplean; y determinar la agenda política digital y la oferta de campaña en las publicaciones realizadas por los presidenciables. Para alcanzar estos objetivos se implementó una metodología mixta. La investigación se desarrolló en dos etapas. En la primera etapa se aplicó el Modelo de evaluación de la comunicación 2.0 en las redes sociales, que desarrolla un análisis cualitativo, de igual forma se analizó y cuantificó somáticamente las emociones que se transmitieron en las campañas electorales y en la segunda etapa se codificó 1.543 publicaciones para identificar la oferta de campaña y la agenda política de los candidatos. Resultados: La comunicación política en las redes sociales no es estratégica, se observa un exceso de información que satura la red social y que además carece de contenido de valor para el ciudadano. Conclusiones: La comunicación política 2.0 es incipiente en Ecuador, se utiliza Facebook como un canal de comunicación tradicional, con contenido retórico, poco interesante, pero cargado de emocionalidad positiva para intentar conectar con el electorado.
“Queremos un lugar en la mesa”. Los sindicatos estadounidenses contra la globalización: de la “Batalla de Seattle” al ingreso de China a la OMC
Authors: Gluj Anabella 
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo recuperar la experiencia del sindicalismo norteamericano, principalmente de la central American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), en su intervención en el marco del movimiento antiglobalización. Se propone un análisis de su participación en la llamada “Batalla de Seattle” ante la Conferencia de la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC) en 1999 y, luego, su posterior protagonismo en la campaña de rechazo del ingreso de China a dicho organismo internacional. Especialmente, el trabajo focaliza en los límites y alcances que tuvo este fenómeno, indagando en la relación entre los sindicatos y el Partido Demócrata, en aquel entonces bajo la presidencia de Clinton.
Problems of correctional institutions in the context of the spread the new coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Санташова Л.Л. 
Published: March 2022

В статье исследуются проблемы деятельности исправительных учреждений в условиях распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции. Изучается зарубежный опыт деятельности пенитенциарных учреждений в условиях пандемии. Отмечается, что в исправительных учреждениях России проблема противодействия инфекции стоит остро, так как болеют и сотрудники, и гражданский персонал, и осужденные. Деятельность исправительных учреждений фактически осуществляется в режиме особых условий, так как свидания осужденным не предоставляются, приостановлен прием посылок и передач, культурно-массовые мероприятия не проводятся. Вносятся предложения по совершенствованию действующего уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства
The article examines the problems of the activities of correctional institutions in the context of the spread the new coronavirus infection. The foreign experience of penitentiary institutions in the context of a pandemic is being studied. It is noted that in correctional institutions of Russia the problem of combating infection is acute, since both employees and civilian personnel and convicts are sick. The activities of correctional institutions are actually carried out under special conditions, since visits to convicts are not provided, the reception of parcels and transmissions is suspended and cultural events are not held. Proposals are being made to improve the current criminal and penal legislation
Formulation Of The Total Potential Energy Functional Relevant To The Stability Analysis Of A Doubly Symmetric Single (DSS) Cell Thin- Walled Box Column In Line With Raleigh- Ritz Method
Authors: Nwachukwu K. , Ezeh J. , Ozioko H. , Eiroboyi J , Nwachukwu D. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This work is concerned with the formulation of peculiar Total Potential Energy Functional (TPEF) for a Doubly Symmetric Single (DSS) cell Thin -walled Box Column (TWBC). The formulated Energy Functional Equations support the stability analysis of a DSS cell thin-walled box (closed) column cross-section using Raleigh - Ritz Method (RRM) with polynomial shape functions.
Methodology: This present formulation is based on the governing TPEF developed by Nwachukwu and others (2017). The polynomial shape functions (only the first two coordinate polynomial shape functions) for different boundary conditions were generated first, and then followed by the formulation of TPEF for different boundary conditions of the DSS cell TWBC.
Findings: The Raleigh- Ritz based formulated TPEF equations are found suitable, handy and simple to be used in the Flexural(F) , Flexural- Torsional(FT) and Flexural- Torsional- Distortional(FTD) buckling/stability analysis of DSS cell TWBC cross-section where data obtained (critical bulking loads) will be compared with the works of other authors in subsequent papers.
Conclusion: Henceforth it is recommended that additional work should be done using more than first two coordinate polynomial shape functions in order to increase the accuracy of RRM.