bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatic Analysis to Investigate Metaproteome Composition Using Trans‐Proteomic Pipeline
Authors: He Steven , Ranganathan Shoba 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith evidence emerging that the microbiome has a role in the onset of many human diseases, including cancer, analyzing these microbial communities and their proteins (i.e., the metaproteome) has become a powerful research tool. The Trans‐Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) is a free, comprehensive software suite that facilitates the analysis of mass spectrometry (MS) data. By utilizing available microbial proteomes, TPP can identify microbial proteins and species, with an acceptable peptide false‐discovery rate (FDR). An application to a publicly available oral cancer dataset is presented as an example to identify the viral metaproteome on the oral cancer invasive tumor front. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Collection of data and resourcesBasic Protocol 2: Analysis of MS data using TPPBasic Protocol 3: Analysis of TPP output using R in RStudio
The effect of obeticholic acid on hepatic blood flow in isolated, perfused porcine liver: Correction of oxygen‐nutrient mismatch might be a putative mechanism of action in NASH
Authors: Lake‐Bakaar Gerond , Robertson John , Aardema Charles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe liver has a unique dual blood supply. Chronic excess nutrient delivery via the portal vein (PV), unmatched by hepatic artery (HA) oxygen could account for liver damage in NASH. Obeticholic acid (OCA), is a Farnesoid‐X‐receptor agonist with vascular targets in the liver. It has shown efficacy in NASH treatment. We hypothesized that increased oxygen delivery via HA vasodilatation, coupled with a reflex reduction in PV and nutrient flow due to the HA buffer response (HABR), could account for the therapeutic benefit in NASH.AimWe studied the direct effects of OCA on HA, PV and hepatic vein (HV) blood flow in an isolated, pump perfused porcine liver model.MethodsSix porcine livers (two controls) were perfused ex vivo with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), using a unique cardio‐emulation pump for the HA. OCA in solution with methyl cellulose, 0 mg/kg liver weight, followed by 0.14, 0.28, 0.56 and 1.12 mg/kg, was injected at 30‐min intervals, directly into the PV. Controls were perfused with PBS only.ResultsHA blood pressure, perfusate pH, perfusate dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature remained relatively constant throughout. HA flow increased dose‐responsively up to 9.9 ± 8.9 per cent. Conversely, PV flow fell, up to −19 ± 16 per cent. HV flow rose and stabilized at 11 ± 11.8 per cent after the first dose. Control livers (n = 2) showed minor changes only.ConclusionOCA directly increased HA inflow, simultaneously decreasing PV flow, consistent with the hepatic artery buffer response, HABR. Increased oxygenation via the HA coupled with a reduction in nutrients via PV provides a rational concept for the etiology of NASH and the therapeutic benefit of OCA.
Characterizing changes in obsessive–compulsive symptoms over the course of treatment for adolescent bulimia nervosa
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Gorrell Sasha , Brosof Leigh , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveData suggest that obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms are commonly observed in adolescents with eating disorders and predict poorer treatment response. Further, emerging data among adults suggest that changes in OC symptoms relate to changes in eating disorder symptoms across treatment. Given evidence that early invention decreases risk for protracted illness, evaluating processes that may relate to treatment response will be useful in increasing the effectiveness of existing interventions. Therefore, the current investigation explored changes in general and eating disorder‐specific OC symptoms throughout family‐based treatment (FBT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as associations among these changes and eating disorder outcomes at follow‐up.MethodParticipants (N = 110) received 18 sessions of FBT or CBT and completed measurements of general and eating disorder‐specific OC symptoms at baseline, end‐of‐treatment, and 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsMultilevel models indicated that across both treatments, there was no change in general OC symptoms, whereas all eating disorder‐related OC symptoms decreased over treatment and follow‐up. Exploratory analyses indicated that lower severity in discharge eating‐disorder‐specific OC symptoms contributed to lower eating pathology at follow‐up.DiscussionTogether, findings support the efficacy of both FBT and CBT in helping to reduce eating disorder‐specific OC symptoms and suggest that adjunctive intervention may be required for ameliorating general OC symptoms in this population.Public significanceBN is associated with significant increases in mortality and societal cost, and there is a pressing need for innovations within available treatments for young people with this disorder. In the current study, we explore the extent to which existing evidence‐based treatments for adolescent BN are effective in targeting obsessive–compulsive symptoms, a known predictor of treatment response and common co‐morbidity in this population.
Substrate size modifies stream grazer–biofilm interactions in the presence of invertivorous fish
Authors: Albariño Ricardo J. , Closs Gerard P. , Matthaei Christoph D. , Townsend Colin R. , Zamorano Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen herbivore abundance is controlled by predators there may be an indirect positive effect on primary producers due to reduced grazing pressure, but the potential of predation refuges to modify such trophic cascades has rarely been studied. By experimentally manipulating substrate particle size and fish predation regime, we assessed the outcome of invertebrate grazer–biofilm interactions in streams. Locations at the center of larger substrate particles were predicted to pose a higher predation risk, and therefore be subjected to a lower grazing pressure. In our 52‐day experiment in a New Zealand stream, small‐sized substrates (terracotta tiles) remained virtually free of periphyton across their entire upper surface, whereas a thick periphyton mat was formed across large tiles with only edges remaining free. In channels containing fish (either nativeGalaxias vulgarisor exoticSalmo trutta), grazing on tiles was lower than in the absence of fish. A preference for grazing near to the edge of tiles was clearest in fish channels but was also evident even in the absence of fish, probably reflecting fish presence and/or fish kairomones in the stream from where the colonizing invertebrates had been derived. Total grazer density was similar across treatments with or without fish, suggesting that our results can be explained mostly by changes in the behavior of grazers. We suggest that refuge availability, interacting with grazer predator‐avoidance behavior, may produce a context‐dependent patchwork of trophic cascades in streams and other ecosystems.
The green side of social innovation: Using sustainable development goals to classify environmental impacts of rural grassroots initiatives
Authors: Marini Govigli Valentino , Rois‐Díaz Mercedes , den Herder Michael , Bryce Rosalind , Tuomasjukka Diana , Górriz‐Mifsud Elena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial innovations are grassroots processes aiming to achieve impacts beyond an individual level and towards a broader societal good. The environmental dimension of impacts refers to any direct change to the environment resulting from social innovation activities, products, or services, which are not addressed by pre‐existing systems. In this paper, we determine the role of social innovation in addressing environmental impacts by analyzing a database of social innovation examples in European and circum‐Mediterranean rural areas, compiled within the H2020 Project SIMRA. We conceptualize the overall aim of environmentally‐focused social innovation initiatives as furthering the sustainable development of their territories. To address the environmental impacts of initiatives in a structured way, we use the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) classification, to describe social innovation environmental impacts in relation to specific targets. We analyzed 238 initiatives from the SIMRA catalog and associated initiative websites to identify and classify their direct environmental impacts. Our results indicate that 68% of the cases have at least one direct environmental impact that aligns with a SDG target. The most common impacts are related to sustainable natural resource management (SDGs target 12.2), sustainable food production systems (2.4), and equal access to land (2.3). This SDG‐based classification proved to be a useful analytical tool for categorizing internationally policy‐relevant environmental impacts of social innovations.
Resistin and risks of incident heart failure subtypes and cardiac fibrosis: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Cai Xinjiang , Allison Matthew A. , Ambale‐Venkatesh Bharath , Jorgensen Neal W. , Lima Joao A.C. , Muse Evan D. , McClelland Robyn L. , Shea Steven , Lebeche Djamel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsResistin is a circulating inflammatory biomarker that is associated with cardiovascular disease. We investigated the associations of resistin and incident heart failure (HF) and its subtypes, as well as specific measures of subclinical HF (myocardial fibrosis and relevant biomarkers).MethodsWe analysed data from 1968 participants in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with measurements of plasma resistin levels at clinic visits from 2002 to 2005. Participants were subsequently followed for a median of 10.5 years for HF events. The associations between resistin levels and incident HF, HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Linear regression models assessed the associations between resistin levels and myocardial fibrosis from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, as well as hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 64.7 years, and 50.0% were female. Seventy‐four participants (4%) developed incident HF during follow‐up. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, gender, education level, race/ethnicity, and traditional risk factors, higher resistin levels were significantly associated with incident HF (HR 1.44, CI 1.18–1.75, P = 0.001) and HFrEF (HR 1.47, CI 1.07–2.02, P = 0.016), but not with HFpEF (HR 1.25, CI 0.89–1.75, P = 0.195). Resistin levels showed no significant associations with myocardial fibrosis, NT‐proBNP, or hs‐cTnT levels.ConclusionsIn a multi‐ethnic cohort free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, elevated resistin levels were associated with incident HF, more prominently with incident HFrEF than HFpEF, but not with subclinical myocardial fibrosis or biomarkers of HF.
N719 dye as a sensitizer for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): A review of its functions and certain rudimentary principles
Authors: Najm Asmaa Soheil , Alwash Sara Ali , Sulaiman Noor Humam , Chowdhury M. S. , Techato Kuaanan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew technologies need environmental and economic cooperation. Energy consumption is fundamental to human survival, making sustainable development imperative. When discussing energy production, renewable resources such as solar and wind energy are chosen to satisfy future demands. Solar energy is frequently used owing to its availability and several benefits. Though more efficient, silicon solar cells are poisonous and expensive. In comparison to other PV cells, the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have several benefits, such as easily accessible materials, low‐cost production processes, simple processing and exceptional diffuse light performance. DSSCs are more reliable alternative to many photovoltaic systems, including hybrid solar cells, inorganic, and organic. DSSCs technology characteristically be influenced by on photosensitizer, electrolyte, and the metal oxide semiconductor. Significant enhancement in cell efficiency has been ranges reach to 12%, using Ru (II) dyes by enhancing substantial besides essential characterization. The dye, that is acting as a source of photoexcited electrons, is the most significant component of a DSSC. This brief review highlights and discusses a summary of the ongoing research made to assist optimization under using N719 dye for DSSC devices.
A description of virtual skills workshops for supporters of loved ones with eating disorders: Indicators of benefit and acceptability, clinical reflections and consideration of neurodiversity
Authors: Harrison Amy , Folk Rebecca , Proud Faye , Webb Jessica , Oyeleye Oyenike , Clark Bryan Danielle , Webb Joyce , Webb Hannah , Whitaker Wendy , Dhopatkar Namrata , Treasure Janet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveProviding information and support to those supporting a loved one with an eating disorder is a key part of evidence‐based service provision. We report on how we took our workshops for supporters online during the Covid‐19 Pandemic when country‐side physical distancing restrictions meant we were unable to work face to face.MethodsWe outline the structure of an eight‐session 2‐h workshop series delivered fortnightly facilitated by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, researchers and experts by experience. We use a repeated‐measures design to understand the possible benefits of the workshops on supporter skills (n = 76).ResultsMeasured using the Caregiver Skills Scale, we observed small‐sized improvements in the overall skills (D = 0.43) of n = 17 supporters who provided data at the end of the intervention. Supporters gave largely positive feedback on the virtual format. They particularly liked the opportunity to interact with other supporters. As facilitators, we overcome our initial anxiety around workshop delivery using a new platform and reflected that having more time to cover key information and for skills practice over a period of 16 weeks offered opportunities to develop and reflect on new skill together as a group. We were also able to work with larger groups of supporters, as several barriers to access were removed.ConclusionsAs the workshops reached a larger number of supporters than through face to face delivery and were of benefit to those who reported on their skills, we plan to continue offering workshops to supporters online in future.
Nanotechnology‐facilitated vaccine development during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Cui Kai , Costabel Ulrich , Zhang Xiaoju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continually poses a significant threat to the human race, and prophylactic vaccination is the most potent approach to end this pandemic. Nanotechnology is widely adopted during COVID‐19 vaccine development, and the engineering of nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles has opened new possibilities in innovative vaccine development by improving the design and accelerating the development process. This review aims to comprehensively understand the current situation and prospects of nanotechnology‐enabled vaccine development against the COVID‐19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the interplay between nanotechnology and the host immune system.
Reinforcement learning with associative or discriminative generalization across states and actions: fMRI at 3 T and 7 T
Authors: Colas Jaron T. , Dundon Neil M. , Gerraty Raphael T. , Saragosa‐Harris Natalie M. , Szymula Karol P. , Tanwisuth Koranis , Tyszka J. Michael , van Geen Camilla , Ju Harang , Toga Arthur W. , Gold Joshua I. , Bassett Dani S. , Hartley Catherine A. , Shohamy Daphna , Grafton Scott T. , O'Doherty John P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe model‐free algorithms of “reinforcement learning” (RL) have gained clout across disciplines, but so too have model‐based alternatives. The present study emphasizes other dimensions of this model space in consideration of associative or discriminative generalization across states and actions. This “generalized reinforcement learning” (GRL) model, a frugal extension of RL, parsimoniously retains the single reward‐prediction error (RPE), but the scope of learning goes beyond the experienced state and action. Instead, the generalized RPE is efficiently relayed for bidirectional counterfactual updating of value estimates for other representations. Aided by structural information but as an implicit rather than explicit cognitive map, GRL provided the most precise account of human behavior and individual differences in a reversal‐learning task with hierarchical structure that encouraged inverse generalization across both states and actions. Reflecting inference that could be true, false (i.e., overgeneralization), or absent (i.e., undergeneralization), state generalization distinguished those who learned well more so than action generalization. With high‐resolution high‐field fMRI targeting the dopaminergic midbrain, the GRL model's RPE signals (alongside value and decision signals) were localized within not only the striatum but also the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area, including specific effects of generalization that also extend to the hippocampus. Factoring in generalization as a multidimensional process in value‐based learning, these findings shed light on complexities that, while challenging classic RL, can still be resolved within the bounds of its core computations.
Co‐regulation of hepatic steatosis by ferritinophagy and unsaturated fatty acid supply
Authors: Li Ning , Liao Yilie , Huang Haipeng , Fu Suneng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Both iron overload and iron deficiency have been reported in obesity and metabolic syndromes. Due to the presence of multiple intracellular iron pools and the dynamic nature of iron mobilization and use, the actual status and contribution of free and metabolically active iron toward metabolic syndrome remain to be established. The discovery of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) as a ferritinophagy receptor provides an opening to address the connection between iron and metabolic diseases. This study aims to specifically dissect the role of hepatic ferritinophagy in lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. We conducted a series of Ncoa4 gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments to examine how ferritinophagy affects lipid metabolism through phenotypic and lipidomic analyses both in vitro and in vivo. We show that ferritinophagy is required to release iron from ferritin cages for biological use, and is induced by lipid loading in vitro and during the development of obesity in vivo. Ncoa4 knockdown impairs mitochondrial morphology and reduces palmitate‐induced lipid droplet formation in cultured cells and the development of hepatic steatosis in obese mice models. Importantly, the effect of Ncoa4 deficiency on mitochondrial morphology and lipid accumulation is specifically linked to lipidomic reductions in unsaturated fatty acid content in triglycerides and cardiolipins, and an external supply of unsaturated fatty acids reverses these phenotypes. Conclusion: This study shows that ferritinophagy‐derived iron supports fatty acid desaturation and the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid–rich lipids to reduce lipotoxicity. However, the continuous activation of ferritinophagy contributes to the development of hepatic steatosis and liver damage in obesity.
Surgical treatment was desirable to improve neuromuscular function in patients with sustained 3 years fracture‐dislocation of lower cervical spine: A case report
Authors: Yuan Hao , Pi Yu , Wang Chong , Ma Jin‐Cheng Si , Liu Sheng , Ao Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo investigate the changes in neuromuscular function of anterior approach combined with subtotal vertebral body resection and titanium mesh cage (TMC) internal fixation for the old fracture‐dislocated lower cervical spine. A 56‐year‐old female was admitted to the hospital with neck pain and numbness of the left upper extremity for 3 years due to a fall injury from a height, which worsened for 20 days. Although 3 years had passed, the patient still had significant left limb numbness and decreased muscle strength. Eventually, the patient was diagnosed with the old fracture‐dislocation type injury of C6 and C7. C6 was II‐degree anterior dislocation and the bilateral joint process was locked, C7 was burst fracture, and C5 was spinal cord segment injury. Then, the operation of the anterior approach combined with subtotal vertebral body resection and TMC internal fixation was performed under general anesthesia. Postoperative symptoms were significantly improved. And during five‐year of follow‐up, no adverse reactions and complications were reported. Although cervical fracture and dislocation combined with cervical spinal cord injury had persisted for many years, surgical treatment was necessary. The anterior approach combined with subtotal vertebral body resection and TMC internal fixation was desirable to improve neuromuscular function for the old fracture‐dislocation of the lower cervical spine, which has some guiding effects on the clinical treatment.
Retinal fundus image registration framework using Bayesian integration and asymmetric Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Jia Ning , Zhuo Keqiang , Zhao Weidong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRetinal image registration, which is applied in diagnosing and treating eye diseases, plays an important role in medical image analysis. Existing methods suffer from problems due to different imaging viewpoints, times, quality, modalities, and retinal disasters. In this paper, we propose an efficient retinal images registration framework that overcomes these challenges without supervision. We present a layer‐wise matching method to achieve a uniform distribution of features in both image‐space and scale‐space. Then, a novel method called Bayesian integration is generated to accumulate more meaningful inputs. We use the results of different matches as priors, assign a score to each match, and categorize them using a dynamic threshold. Finally, in accordance with previous work, we transform the problem into a probabilistic model, with the asymmetric Gaussian mixture model representing the distribution. A robust estimation is performed on a non‐rigid transformation. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework is robust to kinds of retinal image degradation and produces a more stable and accurate result than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Shifting patterns of cellular energy production (adenosine triphosphate) over the day and key timings for the effect of optical manipulation
Authors: Shinhmar Harpreet , Hoh Kam Jaimie , Mitrofanis John , Hogg Chris , Jeffery Glen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitochondria are optically responsive organelles producing energy for cell function via adenosine triphosphate (ATP). But ATP production appears to vary over the day. Here we use Drosophila melanogaster to reveal daily shifts in whole animal ATP production in a tight 24 hours’ time series. We show a marked production peak in the morning that declines around midday and remains low through afternoon and night. ATP production can be improved with long wavelengths (>660 nm), but apparently not at all times. Hence, we treated flies with 670 nm light to reveal optimum times. Exposures at 670 nm resulted in a significant ATP increases and a shift in the ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratio at 8.00 and 11.00, whilst application at other time points had no effect. Hence, light‐induced ATP increases appear limited to periods when natural production is high. In summary, long wavelength influences on mitochondria are conserved across species from fly to human. Determining times for their administration to improve function in ageing and disease are of key importance. This study progresses this problem.