bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to clinical breast examination: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rabiei Maryam , Hoseini Seyyed Hamid , Khodarahmi Shiva , Sepahvand Elham , Shirali Elham 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women as well as one of the most serious and important public health issues in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors related to clinical breast examination in women in Tehran.

Method:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 859 women in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Logistic regression was applied to identify determinant factors that related to clinical breast examination.

Result:
The prevalence of clinical breast examination was 52.6%. Results indicated significant differences between those who underwent clinical breast examination and those who had a nonclinical breast examination in terms of age, housing conditions, marital status, problem in the breast, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, fatalism, and self-care.

Conclusion:
It is essential to inform and educate women about breast cancer and associated complications and problems after being diagnosed with breast cancer as well as about the screening and diagnostic methods, including the need for clinical breast examination by a specialist.
Sero-prevalence of Nipah antibodies among close contacts of the index case during 2019 Ernakulam outbreak
Authors: Ramachandran Reshmi , Jose Merin S. , Sahay Rima R. , Shete Anita 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a fatal emerging zoonotic disease. Infection with NiV has a wide range of clinical spectrum which can range from asymptomatic cases to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The index case of NiV infection of 2019 outbreak in Ernakulam district was a 23-year-old male who presented with features of encephalitis. This study was undertaken to address the subclinical or asymptomatic NiV infection amongst the close contacts of this index case by using NiV-specific Immunoglobulin IgM and IgG antibodies. The index case was first treated in a primary care center. He survived the infection and was discharged after a period of 108 days from the tertiary care facility where he was treated eventually.

Methods:
Serum samples from 49 close contacts of the index case were collected and tested for anti-NiVIgM and anti-NiVIgG antibodies. The contacts included health care workers including those from the primary care facility, family members, and his friends.

Results:
Most common type of exposure included physical contact (59.2%), followed by exposure to body fluids (22.4%).

Conclusion:
None of the 49 contacts tested positive for anti-NiV human IgM and anti-NiVIgG antibodies. There were no subclinical cases amongst the close contacts of Nipah index case during the 2019 Kerala outbreak.
Knowledge, perceptions and practices of medical students towards climate change and global warming: A cross sectional study
Authors: Reddy Gudelli Prashanth , Rajamouli J , Arora K Dilzith , Jothula Kishore Yadav , Amaravadi Sreedeep , Boda Abhilash 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Climate change is the biggest global health threat and also the greatest health opportunity of the 21st century. Five warmest years among the last 140 years occurred between 2015 and 2019. Limited information is available regarding the knowledge and practices of medical students towards climate change, especially in India.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two medical colleges of Karimnagar city from January 2021 to July 2021 involving MBBS and Post-graduate students as study participants.

Methods and Material:
903 undergraduate and post-graduate medical students who consented for the study were included. A pre-structured questionnaire was used.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data is presented in frequencies and proportions with 95% confidence interval and Chi-square test is used as test of significance.

Results:
Poor knowledge regarding Sustainable Developmental Goal for climate action, Organisations dealing climate change and Government actions towards climate change were observed among study participants. Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases (84%) were answered as the major health impacts of climate change. Majority (97.4%) of the participants agreed that ‘human actions are also the cause for global warming’. Environment-friendly practices were observed significantly high among participants with adequate knowledge. Major (72%) source of learning about climate change was via internet.

Conclusions:
Our study found that major proportion of participants doesn’t have environment-friendly practices. However, the participants with adequate knowledge about climate change were observed to have more eco-friendly practices compared to participants with inadequate knowledge.
The role of Schedule H1 and Red Line campaign in improving antibiotic use in India
Authors: Mathew Philip , Thomas Shruthi Anna , Chandy Sujith J 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Over-the-counter (OTC) sale of antibiotics have contributed to the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The Government of India has instituted regulatory measures, such as Schedule H1 and public campaigns such as Red Line Campaign, to limit such sales. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions of stakeholders regarding their effectiveness.

Methods:
To assess Schedule H1, pharmacists who own retail pharmacies in the state of Kerala, India, were interviewed using a pre-prepared question guide. In the next phase, healthcare professionals and patients in a hospital were shown the Red Line on an antibiotic blister pack and asked about its significance. Finally, 100 patients were shown a blister pack of Amoxicillin, and asked to identify the medicine or its use.

Results:
It was observed that there is poor awareness about antibiotic regulations and a perception of laxity in enforcement. Regarding the Red Line, only 7% of healthcare professionals could describe its significance and none among patients. Among the 100 patients who were shown Amoxicillin, only 42 could identify it as an antibiotic or describe its use.

Conclusions:
There is a general perception that regulations are poorly enforced and all are not aware of the Red Line campaign including healthcare professionals. Greater awareness at all levels about appropriate antibiotic use through prescriptions followed by greater efforts towards regulatory implementation and compliance should form parts of a multi-modal strategy to contain OTC sales of antibiotics. This will greatly help to aid physicians in improving overall healthcare through safe and effective prescribing.
Psychological impact of Covid-19 pandemic among the Healthcare workers in a North-Eastern state of India
Authors: Visi Vizovonuo , Dutta Gitashree , Medhi Gajendra Kumar , Bhattacharyya Himashree , Sundaram Shanthosh Priyan , Pala Star , Ghatani Ruben 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Previous studies done during SARS 2003 outbreak and early reports related to COVID-19 show that healthcare workers experience considerable anxiety, stress and fear. Although similar studies were done in other parts of India, there is dearth of data on this topic in the Northeastern region.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the mental health status of Healthcare Workers during Covid-19 pandemic in the region.

Methods:
The study was conducted among the doctors and nurses of a Northeastern state of India through an online survey. PHQ-9, GAD-7 and ISI scales were used to assess depression, anxiety and insomnia among the participants.

Results:
The prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among the HCWs was 74.5%, 42% and 32%, respectively. Moderate to Severe form of depression, anxiety and insomnia was experienced by 15.5%, 20.5% and 8.5%, respectively. Females and those who directly cared for Covid-19 patients were more prone to suffer from depression. Participants who reported having previous history of any psychological problems reported eight-fold, seven-fold and three-fold increased odds of developing depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively, during the pandemic.

Conclusions:
A large proportion of HCWs reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and insomnia among the healthcare workers. Protecting the mental health of these health workers is paramount to ensure psychological wellbeing, which in turn will ensure a healthy and robust workforce.

Relevance for Patients:
Improves the productivity of Healthcare workers in terms of Patient care and Management.
Persisting, unilateral tinnitus 22 days after first dose of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Edmonds Robert 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Although vaccination with vector-based or mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is usually well tolerated, they are not free of side effects. Some of these side effects can be severe and concern the primary care physician, otorhinolaryngologist, and the neurologist. Persisting, unilateral tinnitus time-linked to the first dose and worsening after the second dose of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has not been reported.

Study Design:
Case report.

Methods:
Routine tests were applied to investigate the patient.

Results:
A 35-year-old male experienced sudden onset of right-sided tinnitus, diffuse headache, and ear respectively facial pressure 22 days after the first dose of an mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Since symptoms worsened after the second dose, 28 days later, the patient started a self-medication with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, without benefit. After an otolaryngologist suspected Meniere’s disease, prednisone was given for 5 days with significant improvement. After discontinuation of steroids, however, previous symptoms recurred with similar intensity as before. Cetirizin and loratadin were started resulting in complete resolution of headache and pressures but persistence of tinnitus. After exclusion of various differentials, a causal relation between clinical presentation and vaccination was suspected.

Conclusions:
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can be followed by unilateral persisting tinnitus, headache, and ear respectively facial pressure. Since steroids and anti-histamines had a beneficial effect, an immunological pathophysiology is quite likely.
A systematic review of mucormycosis cases in COVID-19: Is it an unholy trilogy of COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, and corticosteroids?
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Misra Arup Kumar , Dutta Siddhartha , Gupta Ajay , Kumar Bharat , Charan Jaykaran 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
A significant surge of cases of mucormycosis is seen in individuals with COVID-19 with presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and usage of corticosteroids. We aim to conduct a systematic analysis of the cases involving presence of mucormycosis and to find out its association with COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, and corticosteroids.

Method:
The electronic records of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched for the case reports and case series that reported mucormycosis in association of COVID-19. The particulars of each case report and case series were retrieved, stored and analyzed.

Results:
In this study, 476 cases of mucormycosis were reported. In 346 cases of mucormycosis, the patients were found to be COVID-19 positive. The incidence of diabetes Mellitus (DM) was 67.01%. Corticosteroid was administered in 57.77% of the cases. Mortality was reported in 36.34% of the cases.

Conclusion:
An immunosuppressive environment created due to the COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, and extensive use of corticosteroid provide a suitable background for the increased incidence of mucormycosis. The COVID task force should adopt an aggressive multidisciplinary approach to optimize the use of corticosteroids and maintain glucose in the optimal range.
Role of daratumumab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patient: A meta-analysis and literature to review
Authors: Tauseef Abubakar , Zafar Maryam , Silberstein Peter , Nahas Joseph , Frederickson Thomas , Abodunrin Faith , Abbas Anum , Arshad Wafa , Lateef Noman , Rangoonwala Hussain , Albagoush Sara , Mirza Mohsin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
With an increase in number of cases of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), scientist have discovered various combination of medications among which one is daratumumab, Daratumumab is a mono-clonal antibody which attacks CD-38 markers present in abundance on the surface of myeloma cells and is used universally for the treatment of primary newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.

Methods and Methodology:
This meta-analysis was conducted according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines in which initially 679 articles were evaluated for relevance on abstract level followed by full text screening of final list of 45 articles. Out of the 45 articles, only 10 articles qualified for selection criteria for eligibility. Three Phase 3 randomized control clinical trials which includes primary outcomes of progression free span and secondary outcomes including complete response, partial response or very good partial response and adverse effects reported were included in this study.

Results:
A total of three studies including 1533 patients (849 in Daratumumab treatment group while 684 patients in control group) were included in the study. All three of these studies were phase 3 clinical trial conducted to observe the role of daratumumab in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Mean age reported was 65 years in both treatment and control groups. This study showed that daratumumab improves primary and secondary outcomes including progression free span, overall response rate, very good partial response, and complete response. However, daratumumab increases drug induced adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Our study confirmed that daratumumab in combination therapy improved primary and secondary outcomes when compared with platinum-based chemotherapy, but more adverse effects were reported in the combination group. So, we recommend that combination therapy should include daratumumab in treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients.
Effect of body mass index (BMI) on pulmonary functions in children of 6-14 years of age: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Satapathy Amit K. , Das Rashmi R. , Mahapatro Samarendra , Panigrahi Manoj K. , Bandopadhaya Debapriya 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Over-weight/obesity is a new global pandemic affecting children with prevalence up to 36%. It is responsible for metabolic syndrome and its future complications in children; however, its effect on lung functions in children is not well studied.

Aim:
To compare lung function tests [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC, and % predicted] of children with over-weight/obesity to that of normal children.

Method:
it is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Children of 6–14 years of age with over-weight [body mass index (BMI) >85th centile] and obesity (BMI >95th centile) attending the pediatrics outpatient department (OPD) were included. Age-matched children attending the OPD during the study period were selected as controls. Demographic and anthropometric details were collected, and pulmonary function tests were carried out in included children.

Results:
A total of 103 children were included (over-weight/obese = 56, control = 47). The percent predicted (%) FEV1 (86.23 ± 12.84 vs 91.77 ± 8.68) and FVC (81.93 ± 12.12 vs 88.62 ± 10.87) were significantly lower in the obese/over-weight group as compared to control group. A signification negative correlation was found between FEV1 (%) and FVC (%) and that of BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR).

Conclusions:
Pulmonary functions (FEV1, FVC) are found to be negatively correlated with BMI and WHR.
Frequency of suicide ideation and attempts and its correlates among inpatients with depressive disorders at a tertiary care center in North India
Authors: Belsiyal C Xavier , Rentala Sreevani , Das Anindya 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Suicidal ideation is higher in psychiatric patients, particularly in those with depressive disorders. It tends to be a precursor to suicide attempts.

Aim:
To estimate the frequency of suicide ideation and attempts and their sociodemographic and clinical correlations among the inpatients with depressive disorders at a tertiary care center in North India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out among 128 participants diagnosed with depressive disorders who were admitted from September 2019 to April 2021 at a tertiary care hospital, India, using a total enumerative sampling technique. The sociodemographic and clinical data (particularly on suicide) were supplemented with the Modified Scale of Suicide Ideation (to evaluate suicidality) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (for the severity of depression).

Results:
The median suicide ideation score was 11 inter quartile range (IQR: 19), and the overall mean depression score of the sample was 22.74 standard deviation (SD = 6.24). About 87% reported moderate to severe suicidal ideas. Occupation (farmer) (P < 0.01), current medications (tricyclic antidepressant) (P < 0.05), and history of suicide (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with the severity of depression. However, only a history of suicide was significantly associated with the current suicidal ideation (P < 0.05). About 48% had a history of suicide attempts, and among those who were more severely depressed, intoxicated during a suicide attempt (P < 0.01), taken precautions against being interrupted (P < 0.05), and had an intention to die (P < 0.05) had a significant association with their suicide attempts.

Conclusion:
Among hospitalized patients with depressive disorders, suicidal ideation is common. The study reiterates the importance of screening for suicide, particularly in those with more severe depression in the inpatient setting.
A Study on the perception of medical students using online teaching during covid -19 pandemic
Authors: Kumari Anita , Rani Sudha , Bara Mary Pushpa 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
COVID-19 has caused unprecedented disruption to the medical education process and the health care system worldwide. It has also affected clinical training and forced medical colleges to switch over to the online mode of teaching. This study aimed to learn about the experience and perception of undergraduate students regarding online learning and to study the advantage and disadvantages of online learning.

Method:
This was a cross-section study conducted among the undergraduate students of government medical colleges of Jharkhand. A validated electronic questionnaire was sent to students of all five government medical colleges in the google form. Response from 501 students was received and analyzed using SPSS software.

Result:
Only 30% of students were satisfied with the frequency, organization content, and preparedness of class. More than half of students were not satisfied with the preparedness, content, and frequency of online classes. Among various teaching methods, live online lectures were most common, and they were also preferred by the majority of students. Most of the students wanted a regular face-to-face classroom or hybrid teaching after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:
The majority of the medical students preferred face-to-face teaching methods over online teaching methods. Lack of interpersonal interaction and poor infrastructure for online might be the reason for this. However, a hybrid method of learning can be included as a part of the medical curriculum that helps in better learning of medical students.
Prevalence and determinants of depression among primary healthcare workers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2020
Authors: Aziz Ghaida Abdullah Mohammed , ALghfari Sara , Bogami Eman , Abduljwad Kholod , Bardisi Wedad 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence and assess the levels of depression among primary healthcare workers (HCWs) and to explore the associated determinants.

Methods:
A multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out at 10 primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (October 2020–December 2020) involving care- and non-care-related professions. A Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and two levels of depression severity were considered and analyzed separately as dependent variables, including moderately severe or severe (Level 1 depression, PHQ-9 score ≥15); and moderate-to-severe (Level 2 depression, PHQ-9 score ≥10) for screening depression. Demographic and professional factors and the presence of stressors in different life dimensions were analyzed as independent variables.

Results:
We received 256 valid participations with a female ratio = 2.56 and mean (SD) age = 35.7 (6.9) years. Nurses represented 43.8%, followed by physicians (21.1%), and dentists (13.3%). More than half were work stressors (52.7%), followed by social (30.5%), and health stressors (19.9%). The prevalence of Level 1 depression was 19.1% (95% CI = 14.5–24.5%), and was independently determined by female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 4.66, P = 0.006) and work stressors (OR = 3.08, P = 0.025). The prevalence of Level 2 depression (moderate-to-severe) was 36.3% (95% CI = 30.4–42.6%), and was independently determined by female gender (OR = 2.57, P = 0.013), work stressors (OR = 3.71, P = 0.004), and dentist position (OR = 4.12, P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
Primary care professionals are exposed to a high risk of depressive disorders, with significant contribution of work stressors. The issues related to psychological health and its relation to the working environment should be part of the organizational culture in all health institutions, both at the staff and managerial levels.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward tobacco control among rural community health care workers of primary subcenters in Belagavi district, Karnataka
Authors: Pai Khot Atrey J. , Ankola Anil V. , Sankeshwari Roopali M. , Choudhury Abhra Roy , Kumar K Ram Surath , Shah Mehul A. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Tobacco is the common cause to a number of illnesses affecting millions of individuals all over the world. Primary care physicians are the initial point of contact for tobacco users, yet reaching everyone is impossible. Therefore, it is important to understand community health workers attitude to render community services in tobacco cessation counseling.

Aim:
To assess knowledge, attitude, practices, and occupational barriers toward tobacco control among community health care workers in Belagavi district, Karnataka.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in various subcenters of Belagavi district, Karnataka.

Methods and Material:
Simple random sampling technique was employed and 220 participants were interviewed using an interviewer administered questionnaire comprising of 22 close ended questions. Reliability of the questionnaire assessed with Cronbach’s a value of 0.85, face validity 84%, and content validity ratio 0.78.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi square analysis, correlation, and regression.

Results:
The mean knowledge score among Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers was 4.77 ± 2.11 and it was lower in Anganwadi workers 2.93 ± 2.55. There was a statistically significant difference in the attitude scores (P < 0.05) between the community health workers. The majority of the ASHA workers would spread awareness, on the other hand, Anganwadi workers did not take any specific step which showed statistically significant difference with a P value of 0.018.

Conclusion:
ASHA workers had been superior to Anganwadi workers with regard to knowledge and attitude toward tobacco control. However, knowledge regarding tobacco and its ill effects was below optimal level among community health workers which desires to thoroughly educate in the aspects of oral health and disorders as part of their training.