bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal instability of a horizontal nanofluid layer in a porous medium with high porosity
Authors: Ruo An-Cheng , Chang Min-Hsing , Yan Wei-Mon , Yang Tien-Fu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The stability analysis of a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid was pioneered by Nield and Kuznetsov in 2009, which substantially inspires numerous intriguing investigations due to its usefulness in understanding the mechanisms underlying the heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids. Their theory employs Buongiorno’s model for nanofluids and Darcy and/or Brinkman models for porous media. However, the Brownian and thermophoretic diffusion coefficients are considered to be constants in the calculation of the diffusive mass flux of nanoparticles, which may generate a discrepancy in the following investigations. The purpose of this paper is to redo the analysis by taking into account the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient's dependence on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. To prevent probable interactions between nanoparticles and the walls of the pores, the investigation is limited to situations with high porosity, and accordingly Brinkman model is adopted rather than Darcy model. Results show that the thermophoresis creates a strong destabilizing effect to overcome the Darcy-Forchheimer drag, resulting in an unconditionally unstable state for a saturated nanofluid layer heated from below. To explore a more in-depth understanding of the instability, the dispersion diagrams of growing disturbances are depicted for various parameters conditions. It is found that the heat capacity plays an insignificant role in the stability and oscillatory mode does not occur for all considered cases.
Pregnancy Intentions of Youth in the Era of Climate Change: A Qualitative Auto- Photography Study
Authors: Smith Danielle M. , Sales Javier , Williams Aleyah , Munro Sarah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundClimate change poses a global health risk through consequences such as sea level rise, wildfires, and increased air pollution. Children born today and in the future may be disproportionately affected by climate change. As a result, many young adults are rethinking having children. The impacts of the climate crisis on the decision-making of parents is an understudied area of research. This study aims to be one of the first to explore how climate change impacts the pregnancy intentions of youth and their perspectives towards childbearing. MethodsWe conducted auto-photography and qualitative interviews. Participants were recruited using social media, and were aged 18-25, nulliparous, assigned female at birth, and were either current or previous residents of British Columbia, Canada. We asked participants to take photos that responded to the question, “Show us how climate change impacts your decision to have a family,” then complete a virtual, one-on-one interview during which photo-elicitation was employed to guide conversation about participants’ decision-making related to childbearing and climate change. We subjected all transcribed interviews to qualitative thematic analysis. ResultsWe conducted in-depth interviews with 7 participants who discussed a total of 33 photographs. Analysis of participants’ interviews and photographs identified themes of eco-anxiety, hesitancy towards having children, and a desire for systemic change. Participants experienced anxiety, grief, and loss when faced with thoughts of change associated with their environments. Climate change was a consideration for many participants in their childbearing decision making, and it was interrelated with social-environmental factors, such as cost of living. ConclusionWe aimed to identify the ways in which climate change may impact youth decisions to have a family. Responses ranged from feeling that climate change had no effect on family planning to choosing not to have children entirely because of climate change. Further research on this topic is needed in order to direct climate change policy.
Blind Phase Search Algorithm Based on Threshold Simplification
Authors: Liu Qiang , Ji Wei , Liu Pengcheng , Li Qiang , Bai Chenglin , Xu Hengying , Zhu Yanjun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the carrier phase recovery (CPR) algorithm in the Polarization multiplexing 64QAM system. We propose and verify a carrier phase estimation algorithm for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) based on blind phase search (BPS). The accuracy of the algorithm is improved by comparing the function of the phase compensation error with the threshold value. The system model includes channel additive white noise, phase noise (PN) and device bandwidth limitations. Simulations and experiments show that, compared with the traditional algorithm, the number of test phases required by the algorithm is reduced by half under the same performance.
Augmenting hematoma-scavenging capacity of innate immune cells by CDNF reduces brain injury and promotes functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Tseng Kuan-Yin , Stratoulias Vassilis , Hu Wei-Fen , Wu Jui-Sheng , Wang Vicki , Chen Yuan-Hao , Seelbach Anna , Huttunen Henri , Kulesskaya Natalia , Pang Cheng-Yoong , Chou Jian-Liang , Lindahl Maria , Saarma Mart , Huang Li-Chuan , Airavaara Mikko , Liew Hock-Kean 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
During intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), hematoma formation at the site of blood vessel damage results in local mechanical injury. Subsequently, erythrocytes lyse to release hemoglobin and heme, which act as neurotoxins and induce inflammation and secondary brain injury, resulting in severe neurological deficits. Accelerating hematoma resorption and mitigating hematoma-induced brain edema by modulating immune cells has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for functional recovery after ICH. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant human cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (rhCDNF) accelerates hemorrhagic lesion resolution, reduces peri-focal edema, and improves neurological outcomes in an animal model of collagenase-induced ICH. We demonstrate that CDNF acts on microglia/macrophages in the hemorrhagic striatum by promoting scavenger receptor expression, enhancing erythrophagocytosis and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators while suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of rhCDNF results in upregulation of the Nrf2-HO-1 pathway, but alleviation of oxidative stress and unfolded protein responses in the perihematomal area. Finally, we demonstrate that intravenous delivery of rhCDNF has beneficial effects in an animal model of ICH and that systemic application promotes scavenging by the brain’s myeloid cells for the treatment of ICH.
The impact of COVID-19 epidemic on emergency department visits of older patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Hao-Ming , Chang Chih-Chen , Lin Pei-Ying , Lee Yi-Chen , Huang Hsien-Hao , Yen David Hung-Tsang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The number of emergency department (ED) visits has significantly declined since the COVID-19 pandemic. In Taiwan, an aging society, it is unknown whether older adults are accessing emergency care during the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the ED visits and triage, admission, and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization of the geriatric population in a COVID-19-dedicated medical center throughout various periods of the epidemic.
Methods
A retrospective chart review of ED medical records from April 9 to August 31, 2021 were conducted, and demographic information was obtained from the hospital’s computer database. The period was divided into pre-, early-, peak-, late-, and post-epidemic stages. For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests (Scheffe’s test) were used.
Results
A statistically significant decrease in the total number of patients attending the ED was noted during the peak-, late-, and post-epidemic stages. In the post- and pre-epidemic stage, the number of older patients visiting ED was consistent, indicating their earlier visit to ED than the general population. Regarding ICU admission, the total number of patients in late-epidemic stage was smaller than that in pre-epidemic stage; however, the number of older patients was steady, regardless of hospital or ICU admission.
Conclusions
During the peak of COVID-19 outbreak, the number of ED visits was significantly affected. However, it is noteworthy that as the epidemic was gradually controlled, the older patients resumed their ED visits earlier that the general population as indicated by the surge in their number. Additionally, in the patient group of triage 1 or 2, which represents a true emergency, the number did not show a drastic change.
Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on AGRP, GHRL and POMC genes methylation levels: a 6-months longitudinal study Run title: Gastric bypass and appetite/satiety axis
Authors: Wolf Letícia Santana , Nicoletti Carolina Ferreira , Noronha Natalia Yumi , Pinhel Marcela Augusta Souza , Welendorf Caroline Rossi , Delfino Heitor Bernardes Pereira , Junior Wilson Salgado , Nonino Carla Barbosa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Recent evidence showed that DNA methylation changes can contribute substantially to body weight regulation, as well as modulate expression of appetite and satiety genes, controlling food intake. Objective: To investigate if bariatric surgery could change the methylation levels of specific CpG sites in agouti-related peptide (AGRP), ghrelin (GHRL) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) genes and assess potential relationships of these CpGs sites with anthropometrics changes. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 24 women (36.9±10.3 years; Body Mass Index – BMI: 43.3±5.7 kg/m²) who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. DNA methylation levels were assessed before and after 6 months of surgery by Infinium Human Methylation 450K Bead Chip technology. Results: We found an increase in methylation of cg04924511 in the GHRL gene (6%, p = 0.0025) after bariatric surgery. There was positive correlation between changes in methylation level of cg05382012 in AGRP gene and cg04924511 in GHRL gene with fat mass loss after surgery (r = 0.729; p < 0.001 and r = 0.566; p = 0.012, respectively). Conclusion: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may change methylation levels of GHRL gene and also that these modifications are correlated to fat mass loss.
Breaking through the Mermin-Wagner limit in 2D van der Waals magnets
Authors: Santos Elton , Jenkins Sarah , Rózsa Levente , Atxitia Unai , Evans Richard , Novoselov Konstantin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Mermin-Wagner theorem~\cite{Mermin1966} states that long-range {magnetic} order does not exist in one- or two-dimensional (2D) isotropic magnets with short-ranged interactions. The theorem has been a milestone on magnetism and has been driving the research of recently discovered 2D van der waals (vdW) magnetic materials\cite{gong_discovery_2017,firstCrI3} from fundamentals up to potential applications\cite{Genome22}. In such systems, the existence of magnetic ordering is typically attributed to the presence of a significant magnetic anisotropy, which is known to introduce a spin-wave gap and circumvent the core assumption of the theorem\cite{Bogolyubov,Mermin1966,Hohenberg}. Here we show that in finite-size 2D vdW magnets typically found in lab setups ({\it e.g.,} within millimetres), short-range interactions can be large enough to allow the stabilisation of magnetic order at finite temperatures without any magnetic anisotropy for practical implementations. We demonstrate that magnetic ordering can be created in flakes of 2D materials despite of the lattice symmetry due to the intrinsic nature of the spin exchange interactions and
finite-size effects in two-dimensions. Surprisingly we find that the crossover temperature, where the intrinsic magnetisation changes from superparamagnetic to a completely disordered paramagnetic regime, is weakly dependent on the system length requiring giant sizes ({\it e.g.,} of the order of the observable universe $\sim$10$^{26}$ m) to be reconcilable with the Mermin-Wagner theorem for zero magnetic ordering at finite temperatures. Our findings indicate exchange interactions as the main driving force behind the stabilisation of short-range order in 2D magnetism and broaden
the horizons of possibilities for exploration of compounds with low anisotropy at an atomically thin level.
Survey of Diabetic Retinopathy awareness among affiliates of a Diabetes Association during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Ramnarace Keshan , Lokai-Singh Karishma , Rampersad Katrina , Nandlal Keeya , Jaggasar Kevin , Ramcharan Khadine , Singh Kimberly , Dhanoo Andrew , Benjamin Lisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe onset of diabetic retinopathy (DR) can be reduced by early detection and subsequent treatment. However, the level of awareness about DR screening among people living with diabetes (PLWD) in Trinidad and Tobago is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate DR awareness among affiliates of the Diabetes Association of Trinidad and Tobago (DATT) and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their presentation for screening.MethodsA cross-sectional study of DATT affiliates was conducted between March 19 and April 26, 2021. The questionnaire was administered by distributing a Google Forms link via DATT’s social media and mailing list networks. Responses were imported from an Excel spreadsheet into STATA 17.0 (College Station, Texas) for analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and five of the 283 participants were PLWD, most of whom were over 40 years old (58%, 165/283). Although 58.5% (120/205) of PLWD were aware of DR, less than half (43.4%, 89/205) had presented for at least one DR screening. The top three sources of information for DR screening were a doctor/optometrist (80), the DATT (27) and social media (28). One quarter (67/283) of the participants avoided DR screening due to COVID-19 concerns.ConclusionsGreater awareness of diabetes and DR should be promoted along with screening and treatment options using multiple educational platforms for maximum impact. The public’s concerns about safety should be addressed by highlighting COVID-19 public health measures that are in place at screening locations.
Hole-doping induced ferromagnetism in 2D materials
Authors: Meng Ruishen , Pereira Lino da Costa , Locquet Jean-Pierre , Afanas'ev Valeri , Pourtois Geoffrey , Houssa Michel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials are considered to be promising candidates for future generations of spintronic devices. Yet, 2D materials with intrinsic ferromagnetism are scarce. High-throughput first-principles simulations are performed in order to screen 2D materials that present a non-magnetic to a ferromagnetic transition upon hole doping. A global evolutionary search is subsequently performed, in order to identify alternative possible atomic structures of the eligible candidates, and 122 materials exhibiting hole-doping induced ferromagnetism are identified. Their energetic and dynamic stability, as well as their magnetic properties under hole doping, are investigated systematically. Half of these 2D materials are metal halides, followed by chalcogenides, oxides, and nitrides, some of them having predicted Curie temperatures above 300 K. The exchange interactions responsible for the ferromagnetic order in these 2D materials are also discussed. This work not only provides theoretical insights into hole-doped 2D ferromagnetic materials but also enriches the family of 2D magnetic materials for possible spintronic applications.
The dynamics of selenium in dairy agroecosystems.
Authors: McKernan Claire , Meharg Caroline , Carey Manus , Meharg Prof. Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Environmental selenium deficiency and toxicity can result in Keshan disease and selenosis, respectively. Due to dietary preferences, milk is considered a primary source of selenium, where, in controlled environments milk selenium concentration reflects the selenium provided in fodder to lactating cows. However, the movement of selenium through agroecosystems is not well understood, and the aim of this current study was to investigate the variables that me responsible for transfer of selenium from soil to milk. Investigated parameters include spatial variability, soil selenium status, season, herd diet and husbandry of cattle. Farm-based sample collections were carried out, where soil, grass, silage and milk were collected over 48 geographically spaced locations over Northern Ireland during both summer and winter. Selenium concentrations were determined using ICP-MS. Median selenium concentrations for soil (0.46 mg/kg DM), grass (0.06 mg/kg DM) silage (0.03 mg/kg DM) and milk (0.23 mg/kg DM). Results showed that soil selenium concentrations were significantly affected by the pH and organic matter composition of soil. Additionally, a statistically significant relationships between soil and grass selenium concentrations were also found. Despite these strong environmental relationships with grass, these relationships were not reflected in the milk selenium concentrations, indicating a disconnect between the selenium concentration in the agricultural environment and the milk from which it is derived. Selenium was higher in milk in winter months as compared to summer, related to supplemental feed practices over the winter when cows are housed.
The Hotspots and Trend of Literature on cleaner production: A Visualized Analysis Based on Citespace
Authors: Jiang Yuguo , Li Min , Asante Dennis , Liao Xin , Ampaw Enock Mintah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, cleaner production (CP) has emerged as a new concept to cope with the astronomical environmental degradation associated with the expanding industrialization. We conducted a review of scientific data on the conceptualization of "cleaner production" using published documents from 2011-2021-year periods. Data extraction was based on two major databases: the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of science (WOS). The Citespace software was used to track the developmental process and trend of future research on cleaner production. We report that:(1) While literature on cleaner production in CNKI is decreasing, that of WOS has been increasing by the year. (2) Even though, clear instances of different research priorities exist between WOS and CNKI, research problems addressed in the two databases, however, are mostly common. In terms of research collaboration, WOS is more likely to accept papers with cross-institutional authorship. The study further identified that there is no aggregation effect between Chinese research institutions. (3) In WOS, the Journal of Cleaner Production is the most published and influential journal, and in CNKI the Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning leads in CP publications. (4) From the research hotspots, there are obvious differences between WOS and CNKI. Finally, we put forward the future prospect of cleaner production research.
Effects of Propolis Extract on Growth Performance and Health Condition of Dairy Calves
Authors: KABİLOĞLU Ali , KOCABAĞLI Neşe , KEKEÇ Ayşe Ilgın 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis ethanol extract (EEP), a natural beekeeping product, on performance, fecal structure and general health status of calves during the preweaning phase. For this purpose, 24 newborn Simmental calves in a private farm were used as animal material. Calves given colostrum for the first 3 days after birth were divided into two similar groups according to their birth weight and gender. Differently from the control group, the calves in the experimental group (propolis) were given orally 4 ml/day propolis extract (30%; EEP). Weekly nasal discharge, cough, eye, ear and general health scoring, rectal body temperature and fecal pH measurement, daily fecal scoring and diarrhea day follow-up were performed for each calf in the study, which lasted up to 60 days of age. Feces samples taken from all calves at the beginning and at the end of the study were evaluated for Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacter spp. At the end of the study; statistical differences were found between the groups in favor of the propolis group in terms of body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), body weight (BW), withers height (WH), rump height (RH) and chest depth (CD) (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, propolis extract positively affected the number of days with diarrhea and feces scores (P < 0.05); no statistically significant difference was found in terms of health scores and feces culture (P > 0.05). In addition, it was observed that the number of calves that needed to be monitored in terms of health status was less in the experimental group.
Dissolved organic matter modulates the toxicity of persistent free radicals on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhang Xuchao , Saul Nadine , Lieke Thora , Chen Yi , Wu Min , Pan Bo , Steinberg Christian E.W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As a type of effective soil amendment, biochars require comprehensive ecological assessment before their widespread agricultural applications, since the endogenous contaminants, especially environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in biochars certainly pose an ecological risk to soil invertebrates. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was chosen as a model organism to assess the neurotoxicity of three rice straw biochars pyrolyzed at 500, 700, and 1000°C. After 24 h-exposure to unwashed biochars, washed biochars, and leaching liquids (supernatants), neurobehavioral parameters of L4 C. elegans larvae were determined in a liquid toxicity test. The results showed that the washed 700°C biochar particles significantly impaired the locomotion and prolonged the defecation interval at biochar concentration of 4 g·well− 1, whereas unwashed biochars and supernatants did not cause obvious impairment. At the same time, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results showed that the intensity of EPFRs in unwashed 700°C biochar was stronger than that of corresponding washed particles. It suggests that, in the liquid test, EPR signal alone does not indicate the toxicity of the particle. The accessibility and activity of EPFRs should be considered. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has great significance in the fate, transport, and toxicity of environmental pollutants, which is beneficial for C. elegans to live longer and increase their reproductive ability. In this paper, the neurobehaviors of washed biochar were alleviated after adding supernatant back, which indicated that DOM could modulate the reactivity of EPFRs in the liquid phase.