bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirror-induced reflection in the frequency domain
Authors: Hu Yaowen , Yu Mengjie , Sinclair Neil , Zhu Di , Cheng Rebecca , Wang Cheng , Lončar Marko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mirrors are ubiquitous in optics and are used to control the propagation of optical signals in space. Here we propose and demonstrate frequency domain mirrors that provide reflections of the optical energy in a frequency synthetic dimension, using electro-optic modulation. First, we theoretically explore the concept of frequency mirrors with the investigation of propagation loss, and reflectivity in the frequency domain. Next, we explore the mirror formed through polarization mode-splitting in a thin-film lithium niobate micro-resonator. By exciting the Bloch waves of the synthetic frequency crystal with different wave vectors, we show various states formed by the interference between forward propagating and reflected waves. Finally, we expand on this idea, and generate tunable frequency mirrors as well as demonstrate trapped states formed by these mirrors using coupled lithium niobate micro-resonators. The ability to control the flow of light in the frequency domain could enable a wide range of applications, including the study of random walks, boson sampling, frequency comb sources, optical computation, and topological photonics. Furthermore, demonstration of optical elements such as cavities, lasers, and photonic crystals in the frequency domain, may be possible.
Research on the clinical value of ultrasound diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Hu Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Method The clinical data of 96 neonatal respiratory distress syndrome cases treated in our hospital from July 2015 to October 2017 were retrospectively analysed. According to the results of chest X-ray examinations, the patients were divided into the mild group (55 cases) and severe group (41 cases). All children were required to undergo ultrasound examination before treatment, 12 hours after treatment and 24 hours after treatment. The ultrasound findings and ultrasound scores were compared between the two groups. Result The ultrasound score in the mild group was lower than in the severe group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the ultrasound score between the pulmonary surfactant (PS) treatment group and the non-PS treatment group before treatment (P > 0.05). The ultrasound score of the non-PS treatment group was higher than the PS treatment at each time after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound can effectively evaluate the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, ultrasound scores can be used as an important index for evaluating and quantifying the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Settlements and angular distortions of shallow foundations on liquefiable soil
Authors: Baris Anna , Modoni Giuseppe , Paolella Luca , Salvatore Erminio , Spacagna Rose Line 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The huge impact caused by liquefaction during past earthquakes has raised the need for predictive formulas applicable at the large scale to forecast the movement in the foundation caused by the seismic liquefaction phenomenon in sands. A method herein developed with this aim to quantify angular distortion of framed low-rise buildings based on simple characterization of the seismic input, subsoil and structure. The analysis moves from past literature criteria introduced to quantify the vulnerability of buildings under static conditions and extends their applicability to liquefaction assessment integrating recent literature predictive formulas, parametric two-dimensional numerical analyses and artificial neural networks. Numerical calculation, performed for variable stratigraphic and mechanical characteristics of the subsoil, ground motion and equivalent flexural stiffness of the building, quantifies the role of each factor on the absolute settlement and angular distortion. Then the dependency on the different factors of the angular distortion is inferred with an artificial neural network (ANN), grouping parameters to limit the number of input variables and express results with charts that make prediction more accessible.
Determinants of Comprehensive HIV knowledge among reproductive-age women in Gambia: Further analysis of recent Gambia demographic and health survey
Authors: Tsegaw Menen , Mulat Bezawit , Shitu Kegnie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Globally there were 37.7 million people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a major global public health problem with disproportionally highest burden in sub-Saharan Africa accounting 70% of the global burden of infection.Objective: To assess factors associated with comprehensive knowledge on HIV among reproductive-age women in GambiaMethods: This study was based on a large community-based cross-sectional survey, conducted from 21 November 2019 to 30 March 2020 in Gambia. The survey employed a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique to recruit study participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to summarize descriptive data and identify factors associated with HIV comprehensive knowledge respectively. A p-value of less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval were used to determine statistical significance.Results: A total of 11,865 weighted sample of reproductive age women were included in the study with a mean age of 28.21(±9.33) which ranges from 15 to 49 years. Older age (AOR=1.21 (95%CI: 1.17,1.25)),being married (AOR=0.71 (95%CI: 0.61, 0.81)), using contraceptive (AOR=1.15 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.31)),secondary and higher education (AOR=2.17(95%CI:1.91, 2.45)),and(AOR=4.73 (95%CI: 3.86, 5.81)) respectively, middle and rich wealth quintile (AOR=1.29 (95%CI:1.11, 1.49)),and (AOR=1.61 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.87)), media exposure (AOR=1.76 (95%CI:1.39, 2.23)), ever tested for HIV (AOR=1.56 (95%CI: 1.41,1.73)), used internet (AOR=1.43 (95%CI:1.28,1.59)) and visited health facility within the last 12 months( AOR=1.26(95%CI:1.13,1.40)) were significantly associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge.Conclusion: socio-demographic factors, contraceptive use, media exposure, tested for HIV, internet use and visiting health facility was significantly and positively associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge except being married and residing in Basse region in which they associated negatively and significantly. Health managers, policy makers and intended stakeholders working on this area should consider those factors while designing health intervention programs to enhance comprehensive HIV knowledge among reproductive age women. Educational interventions about HIV/AIDS prevention mechanisms should be designed especially for married women and lower socio-economic status .Efforts has to be made to address those disparities at the national level.
Identification of ENO1 as a prognostic biomarker and molecular target among ENOs in bladder cancer
Authors: Huang Zhengnan , Yan Yilin , Wang Tengjiao , Wang Zeyi , Cai Jinming , Cao Xiangqian , Yang Chenkai , Zhang Fang , Wu Gang , Shen Bing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Enolase is an essential enzyme in the process of glycolysis and has been implicated in cancer progression. Though dysregulation of ENOs has been reported in multiple cancers, their prognostic value and specific role in bladder cancer (BLCA) remain unclear.Methods: Multiple databases were employed to examine the expression of ENOs in BLCA. The expression of ENO1 was also validated in BLCA cell lines and tissue samples by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier analysis, ROC curve, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to evaluate the predictive capability of the ENO1. Gene ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) analysis were employed to perform the biological processes enrichment. The correlation of signature with immune cell infiltration was explored by CIBERSORT. Results: By analyzing three ENO isoforms in multiple databases, we identified that ENO1 was the only significantly upregulated gene in BLCA. High expression level of ENO1 was further confirmed in BLCA tissue samples. Aberrant ENO1 overexpression was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, the expression level of ENO1 was correlated with the infiltration levels of immune cells and immune-related functions.Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicated that ENO1 might serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for prognosticating prognosis associated with the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting that ENO1 could be a potential immune-related target against BLCA.
Analysis of risk factors for lymphatic metastasis in patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer
Authors: Paredes Oscar , Baca Carlos , Luque-Vasquez Carlos , Chavez Ivan , Ruiz Eloy , Berrospi Francisco , Payet Eduardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer (EGC) and treated with radical gastrectomy.
Methods
Patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer from January 1990 to December 2019 were identified from a prospectively compiled database.Patients with pathological diagnoses of EGC were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with LNM.
Results
From 501 patients with EGC, 96(19.2%) presented LNM.In 279 patients with tumors with submucosal infiltration(T1b), 83(30%) patients had LNM. Among 219 patients who presented tumors > 3cm, 63(29%) patients had LNM. Thirty-one percent of patients with ulcerated tumors presented LMN(33 out of 105). In 76 patients and 24 patients with lymphovascular and perineural invasion, the percentage of LMN was 84% and 87%,respectively. In the univariate analysis, tumor diameter > 3cm, undifferentiated tumors, ulcerated tumors, submucosal invasion, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion showed a significant association with the presence of LNM.In the multivariate analysis, a tumor size > 3cm, submucosal invasion, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion were independent predictors of LMN in EGC. Patients who presented differentiated tumors, without ulceration, infiltration of the mucosa, and a tumor diameter ≤ 2cm, none presented LNM. Four patients(3%) who complied with the new Japanese indications for endoscopic treatment presented LNM.
Conclusions
The presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with EGC was independently related to larger tumors (tumor diameter > 3cm), submucosal invasion, lymphovascular and perineural invasion.
What AlphaFold teaches us about deep learning with prior knowledge
Authors: Landgrebe Jobst 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Machine learning has reached a maturity level in which improvements depend less on network architecture than on the availability of high-quality training data or of usable prior knowledge. Because the former are very expensive to obtain, more and more groups are trying to use prior knowledge in the form of ontologies or other structured knowledge representation formats to advance the boundaries of AI. Here, I review two approaches to endowing stochastic models with prior knowledge: via probabilistic networks and via deep learning with priors. I analyse the latter in detail using AlphaFold, a well-known example of a deep neural network model, designed for the prediction of protein structures. While AlphaFold is an impressive example of a human cultural achievement that demonstrates one elegant and effective usage of prior knowledge for stochastic learning, it has limitations related to the upper boundaries of the types of processes which can be automated using Turing machines. As the analysis confirms, such machines can only compute inferences within the boundaries of established knowledge; they cannot create any new knowledge. AlphaFold can indeed predict many protein structures; but only those proteins which are homologous to proteins whose structures have already been experimentally established. Other proteins will still have to be analysed using experiments in the classical, time- and resource-consuming fashion.
Significant differences in the microarchitecture and volumetric mineral density of bone assessed by HR-PQCT in patients with 21- and 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Sun Xu , Wu Yijun , Lu Lin , Xia Weibo , Zhang Li , Chen Shi , Nie Min , Zheng Guangyao , Su Wan , Zhu Huijuan , Lu Zhaolin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Due to disturbances in hormones and long-term glucocorticoid replacement therapy, congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia (CAH) patients are at risk of impaired bone structure and metabolism. The current study investigats bone microarchitecture in 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) and 17α-hydroxylase deficiency (17OHD) patients using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).
Methods
A total of thirty-eight 21OHD and sixteen 17OHD patients were recruited with controls matched for age and sex at a ratio of 1:3. All underwent HR-pQCT scans of the nondominant radius and tibia. Comparisons of HR-pQCT indices between each cohort and the matched controls or between the two cohorts were conducted. Spearman analyses and multiple linear regression were performed to reveal the relations between clinical characteristics and HR-pQCT indices.
Results
Compared with the 17OHD group, the 21OHD group predominated in Tt.vBMD (P < 0.001), Ct.vBMD (P < 0.001), and Tb.vBMD (P < 0.001) at the radius. Comparisons of clinical characteristics between the two cohorts showed that 17OHD patients were taller, weighed more, and had higher levels of fasting blood glucose with shorter treatment course. Further correlation analyses revealed that some characteristics, such as height and FSH, contributed significantly to bone differences in HR-pQCT indices. However, treatment dosage and time were not correlated, indicating that the current glucocorticoid doses were within safety limits for bone impairment.
Conclusions
21OHD and 17OHD patients had different bone characteristics in BMD, the cortex and the trabecula, as assessed by HR-pQCT. Clinical manifestations, especially sex hormones and height, may contribute to these differences.
Serum levels of Vitamin D3, Zinc, and Parathyroid Hormone in HCV-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Running Title: Vitamin D3, Zinc, Parathyroid Hormone and HCV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Khattab Mahmoud A. , Abdelaziz Mohammad Omar , Mohamad Arwa , Matta Ragaa , Hassan Hatem , Khalil Eman Hussein , Mokhtar Fatma , Fouad Magdy , Moness Hend M. , Khattab Muhammed , Adel Nashwa , Ahmed Elham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The role of the metabolic syndrome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been extensively reported, however, the role of other individual metabolic variables in development of HCC in HCV infected patients is still not clear. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D3 and Zinc, serum levels as non-traditional metabolic risk factors in development of HCV-related HCC. Methods: Serum levels of vitamin D3, Zinc, PTH, calcium, and phosphorus were determined in HCV infected patients with and without HCC. Results: Our results show significantly higher age, male sex, aspartate transaminase (AST), PTH and corrected serum calcium levels in the HCC patients compared to values in the other two groups, (p<0.001); while significant lower vitamin D3 and zinc levels were detected among the HCC patients compared to patients with non-HCC liver cirrhosis and CHC, (p<0.001). Vitamin D3 deficiency was detected in 96% of the HCC patients, while it was detected in only 22.5% of the cirrhotic patients and in none of the CHC patients, (p<0.001). However, on multiple stepwise regression analysis, only the age, AST, PTH, and corrected calcium levels were the independent predictors for HCC when studied in relation to chronic liver disease. Conclusions: This study indicates the prevalent high PTH and calcium levels along with deficient vitamin D3 and zinc levels in HCV-induced HCC patients. However, a causal relationship between the low levels of Vitamin D3 and Zinc in relation to HCC development is not established in this study.
Contributions on personality traits between parent ‐ adolescent interaction in anorexia nervosa at onset: control-case study
Authors: Sepulveda Ana Rosa , Mondrgón Laura Rodríguez - , Moreno Alba , Anastasiadou Dimitra , Graell Montserrat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine the relationship between personality traits of parents and their daughters with AN by case-control study. Method50 adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) and both parents were measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI-R), the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) was used to assess eating symptoms. ResultsThe results were compared with matched 50 controls girls without pathology (CG) and their parents. AN group and adolescent of CG did not differ in personality traits. Mothers and fathers in AN group showed significant differences in temperamental and character traits compared to mothers and fathers in CG. Both parents in AN group showed similar levels in personality traits. Regarding to correlations between personality traits in mothers and their daughters in the AN group, complementary relationships were found in mothers harm avoidance and daughters cooperativeness and fantasy, while in fathers and daughters associations between reward dependence, persistence and self-directedness. The only scale that discriminated between the two groups was drive for thinness between AN-G and CG (classification: 74.7%). Conclusion Evaluating and knowing the different personality traits in adolescents, mothers and fathers at the onset of AN will allow improvements in the intervention in the early phases. Level of evidenceIII: evidence obtained from well-designed case–control study.
Identification of a Pyroptosis-Related LncRNA Signature as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Wei , Liu Qi , Chen Liuhua , Teng Chaxiang , Ou Zhejian , Liu Hanxiao , Zhang Kunsong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Liver cancer is considered one of the prevalent malignancies, of which most are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pyroptosis is a form of inflammation that can mediate cellular programmed death. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is one of the non-coding RNAs which performs powerful biological functions, and they exert an irreplaceable role in the regulation of many biological processes. However, pyroptosis-related lncRNAs expression and their correlation to the HCC patient prognosis remain to be investigated.Methods: Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we built a pyroptosis-related multi-lncRNA signature to predict the HCC patient prognosis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method was used to construct a pyroptosis-associated lncRNA signature to classify all HCC patients into high- and low-risk groups.Results: The low-risk group patients have a better prognosis. We identified the risk score as an independently predictor in HCC patients. Furthermore, chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity (gemcitabine, doxorubicin, mitomycin C and sorafenib), and immune cell expression (NK cells resting, Mast cells resting, M0 macrophages, Monocytes and CD8 T cells) showed significantly different infiltration degree between the two groups. We identified SC-5608, anisomycin and vancomycin as possible potential drug targets for the high-risk group patients. We performed enrichment analysis for the differential genes in the two groups of patients. Intriguingly, the result showed that targeting the wnt/β-catenin signal pathway could help to develop treatment strategies for patients with HCC. Conclusions: In conclusively, we found a signature of pyroptosis-related lncRNA for predicting independent HCC patient prognosis. The study provides new insights for reliably and accurately predicting prognosis and developing therapeutic strategies for HCC patients.
Perinatal outcomes and risk factors for epidural analgesia-associated intrapartum maternal fever: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Zai-Ping , Wei Si-Yi , Xia Li-Na , Li Yan , Wu Xiao-Feng , Lin Xian-Hua , Lu Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Epidural analgesia (EA) increases the risks of maternal fever during labor, which is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, while the risk factors for the phenomenon of epidural-associated fever and future strategies for minimizing these effects remain unknown. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 325 pregnant women who attended our institution for a vaginal in-hospital delivery, including 208 voluntarily accepted EA women and 117 pregnant women who did not receive EA. During labor, 208 EA women were subgrouped into the Fever group (n = 42, an axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C during labor), and None-fever group (n = 166). The outcome measures include main maternal and neonatal outcomes, labor time, duration of EA, and total EA amount. Results: 42 out of 208 women with EA presented fever during labor, higher than that in women without EA (20.19% vs. 0.85%). Maternal fever had increased risks for conversion to surgery ((Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 4.05; 95% CI, 1.44 to 11.39)) and neonatal infections (5.13; 1.98 to 13.29) compared to the None-Fever group. While maternal fever didn’t increase the risks for assisted vaginal delivery, fetal distress and admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)，it was predominantly associated with primiparity and less times of gravity. Frequent cervical examinations, duration of first stage and total labor, and duration of EA and total EA amount were positively correlated with the incidence of fever. Furthermore, after stratifying risk factors into subgroups, we found that more frequent cervical examinations (≥ 7 times) and longer duration of first stage (≥ 442.5min), total labor time (≥ 490min), EA (≥ 610.0min) increased the risks of epidural-associated fever after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Conclusions: EA increases the risk of intrapartum epidural-associated fever, which is correlated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Nulliparity, less times of gravidity, more than 7 times of cervical examinations, more amount of EA volume, prolonged duration of EA and total labor time are the risk factors for epidural-associated fever, which provide us insights and strategies to prevent epidural-associated fever in a safer and more effective way.
Ptn-Ov synergistic sites on MoOx/γ-Mo2N heterostructure for low-temperature reverse water‒gas shift reaction
Authors: Liu Hao-xin , Li JinYing , Qin Xuetao , Ma Chao , Wang Wei-Wei , Xu Kai , Yan Han , Xiao Dequan , Jia Chun-Jiang , Fu Qiang , Ma Ding 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In heterogeneous catalysis, the interface between active metal and support plays a key role in catalyzing various reactions. Specially, the synergistic effect between active metals and oxygen vacancies on support can greatly promote catalytic efficiency. However, the construction of high-density metal-vacancy synergistic sites on catalyst surface is very challenging. In this work, isolated Pt atoms were first deposited onto a very thin-layer of MoO3 surface stabilized on γ-Mo2N. Subsequently, the Pt-MoOx/γ-Mo2N catalyst, containing abundant Pt cluster-oxygen vacancy (Ptn-Ov) sites, was in situ constructed. This catalyst exhibited an unmatched activity and excellent stability in the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction at low temperature (300 ºC). Systematic in situ characterizations illustrated that the MoO3 structure on the γ-Mo2N surface could easily deoxidize into MoOx (2