bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Question of How to Analyze and Apply Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Results Correctly - Shortcomings in Corresponding Procedures and Standards
Authors: Baer Wolfram , Wossidlo Peter , Abbasi Behboud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper is focused on the approximation of absorbed Charpy impact energy-temperature curves (KV-T) and the management of sub-size test piece results in Charpy pendulum impact tests. Both subjects are frequently underestimated but may have a strong impact on the assessment of product quality and structural integrity. The status of related test standards, product standards, structural integrity assessment procedures and corresponding research is reviewed. It is concluded that the state of regulation is partly insufficient and wrong. There is a wide gap between the state of knowledge in the field of materials testing and the requirements of product standards and structural integrity assessment procedures. The present paper aims at boosting and supporting the necessary discussion among the parties involved to raise the level of technical safety. Correspondingly, a large experimental database was created by Charpy impact testing of popular modern structural Steels with nominal yield strength from 235 MPa to 960 MPa. KV-T data were generated using test pieces with thicknesses between 2.5 mm and 10 mm. Different strategies for KV-T curve fitting, definition of transition temperatures, as well as upper and lower shelf energy levels were followed, and different scaling procedures were applied to the sub-size test piece results. The results show that proportional scaling of sub-size to full-size test piece results in terms of KV should be disallowed because it is a wrong approach. Regulations still incorporating such procedures should be revised as soon as possible. Existing nonproportional scaling and conversion procedures were applied. The results obtained illustrate that neither an overall nor consistent conservatism nor an adequate conservatism level can be achieved. In summary, the standardizing bodies should enforce the discussion to revise relevant test standards considering more precise specifications on Charpy data fitting. Furthermore, proposals are made for an improved management of sub-size test piece results.
Ovarian and paraovarian adrenal rest tumors are not uncommon in gonadectomy materials of historical congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases in childhood
Authors: Yildiz Melek , Bayram Aysel , Bas Firdevs , Karaman Volkan , Toksoy Guven , Poyrazoglu Sukran , Soysal Feryal Gun , Onder Semen , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Darendeliler Feyza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ovarian and paraovarian adrenal rest tumors (ARTs) in gonadectomy materials of a subgroup of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients.

Methods
A total of 20 historical cases with clinical/molecular diagnosis of classical CAH were included in the study. All patients had 46,XX karyotype and underwent gonadectomy because of being raised as male.

Results
Median age at diagnosis of CAH was 5.7 years and was markedly delayed. All patients revealed severe virilization. Bone age was significantly advanced, and bone age/chronological age ratio was increased with a median ratio of 1.8. Median age at the time of gonadectomy was 9.2 years. Ovarian and paraovarian ARTs were detected during the pathological evaluation of gonadectomy materials in four patients (20%) (two with simple virilizing 21-hydroxylase and two with 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency) with previously normal pelvic imaging. In three cases with ARTs, paraovarian area was composed of medium-sized polygonal cells, with round or oval monomorphic nuclei and abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm which is characteristic of adrenocortical tissue. The fourth case had bilateral ovarian ‘steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified’, and the tumor was accepted as benign. Except for the ARTs, heterotopic prostate and bilateral paratubal epididymis tissue were detected in a patient.

Conclusions
Ovarian and paraovarian ARTs might be more common than previously described, especially among patients with excessive and prolonged adrenocorticotropic hormone exposure. These tumors could be detected histopathologically even if not detected by classical imaging methods.
Food Insecurity Screening of Hospitalized Patients: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Hanna Samantha L. , Wu Chang L. , Smola Cassi , Coyne-Beasley Tamera , Orr Mary , Healy Alexandra , Molina Adolfo L. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to describe an advocacy effort to implement a food insecurity (FI) screening during hospital admission and describe characteristics of hospitalized patients with household FI.

METHODS
This is a descriptive study after the implementation of FI screening at a quaternary-care children’s hospital in the Southeastern United States between August 2020 and April 2021. The Hunger Vital Sign, a 2-question screening tool for FI, was added to the intake questionnaire performed on inpatient admissions. A positive screen triggered a social work consult to connect patients with resources. Chart review and statistical analyses were performed on patients with household FI.

RESULTS
There were 7751 hospital admissions during the study period, of which 4777 (61.6%) had an FI screen completed. Among those with a completed screen, 233 patients (4.9%) were positive for household FI. Patients with household FI were more likely to be Black (P &lt;.001) and have Medicaid (P &lt;.001). Social work documented care specific to FI in 125 of the 233 (56%) FI patients, of which 39 (31%) were not enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children Program/Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

CONCLUSIONS
This initiative highlights hospitalization as an opportunity to screen for FI using a multidisciplinary approach. Our findings underscore the importance of identifying FI with the goal of reducing FI and mitigating the adverse effects of FI on child health outcomes.
Cognición espacial y autismo: particularidades en el conocimiento del entorno construido
Authors: Lee C. Jose Ignacio 
Published: May 2022

El artículo pretende contribuir a la comprensión de los factores que vinculan al autismo con el diseño del entorno construido. Por un lado, plantea que algunas particularidades no sociales del autismo como la insistencia en la identidad, la fuerte coherencia local y las habilidades de sistematización intervienen en la manera de conocer el entorno construido. Por otro lado, propone que estas mismas particularidades pueden servir de base conceptual en la ideación de edificios y entornos que sean fácilmente comprensibles por las personas con autismo. En el texto, estos argumentos se desarrollan en tres partes. La primera, define la cognición espacial desde el marco de la Psicología Ambiental como el proceso mental que le permite al ser humano conocer y comprender el espacio físico. La segunda, exponelas particularidades cognitivas del autismo antes mencionadas, a partir de las teorías que han tratado deexplicarlas: la débil coherencia global, la disfunción ejecutiva y la hipersistematización. Y la tercera parte,propone un tipo de organización espacial y formal que podría responder a las habilidades de memoria,atención al detalle y sistematización. Esta propuesta sugiere que las personas con autismo serían capaces de reconocer el sistema que subyace en un entorno físico estructurado a partir de elementos y leyes de organización simples y evidentes y que, por consiguiente, podrían comprender su estructura general y asociar la disposición de sus espacios y recorridos con una secuencia de actividades preestablecida.
The effectiveness of intratissue percutaneous electrolysis for the treatment of tendinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Augustyn Divan , Paez Arsenio 
Published: May 2022

Background: Tendinopathy is highly prevalent in the general public and common in athletes. It makes up nearly 50% of all sport injuries. A number of treatment techniques with varying evidence of effectiveness are currently available. Intratissue percutaneous electrolysis (EPI) is one such modality, however little consensus exists for EPI’s efficacy or the most effective treatment parameters.
Objective: To review and appraise available evidence for Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis (EPI) in the treatment of tendinopathy, examining the effectiveness of EPI in conjunction with other modalities and identifying the strengths and limitations of the evidence base for EPI in order to make evidence-based recommendation for future studies of EPI.
Methods: PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched with keywords related to EPI and tendinopathy. Grey literature searches were conducted with Embase, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. Extensive citation searching was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), uncontrolled and observational studies of the application of EPI in patients aged 18-65 years with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or clinical Ultrasonography (US) confirmed diagnosis of tendinopathy were eligible.
Results: Eleven studies met inclusion criteria: six randomised control trials (RCTs) and five uncontrolled studies. Clinical trials of EPI as an adjunct modality with physical therapy reporting greater decreased pain and return to function than treatment with physical therapy alone. The evidence for EPI is limited and influenced by small sample sizes, varying treatment protocols, clinical heterogeneity and high risk of bias.
Conclusion: It is currently not possible to conclude that EPI is an effective modality for the treatment of tendinopathy. RCTs with clearly described EPI treatment protocols, larger sample sizes and intervention reporting sufficient to support reproducibility are needed to determine the effectiveness of EPI for the treatment of tendinopathy.
ACTIVITY MODULATION OF VARIOUS NITRIC OXIDE SYNTASES AS AN APPROACH TO ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION THERAPY
Authors: Kurkin D. V. , Abrosimova E. E. , Bakulin D. A. , Kovalev N. S. , Dubrovina M. A. , Borisov A. V. , Strygin A. V. , Morkovin E. I. , Tyurenkov I. N. 
Published: May 2022

Nitric oxide as a therapeutic approach to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases attracted the attention of researchers at the end of the 19th century. As a vasodilator, nitric oxide may be a unique therapeutic agent for the treatment of hypertension and, as a result, renal failure and left ventricular hypertrophy.The aim of the article is to analyze the literature data on possible ways of modulating the activity of various nitric oxide synthases as an approach to the treatment of endothelial dysfunction.Materials and methods. When searching for materials for writing a review article, such abstract databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, e-Library, etc., were used. The search was carried out on the publications for the period from 1990 to 2021. The following words and phrases were chosen as parameters for the literature selection: nitric oxide; NO synthase; endothelial dysfunction; NO synthase activator; NO synthase inhibitor.The following words and phrases were chosen as parameters for the literature selection:Results. The article presents the history of the nitric oxide discovery and its biological role, the process of its biosynthesis, as well as the isoforms of its synthesizing enzymes (NOS): neuronal – nNOS, endothelial – eNOS and inducible iNOS, and their role in normal and pathological physiology. The process of NOS uncoupling (its molecular mechanisms) has been considered as the basis of endothelial dysfunction.The examples of the pharmacological correction (BH4, arginase inhibitors, statins, resveratrol) are presented. In addition, NO synthase activators (calcium dobesilate, cavNOxin, and some NOS transcription activators), as well as non-selective (L-NMMA, 1-NNA, L-NAME, ADMA, 546C88, VAS203) and selective (L-NIO, 7-nitroindazole, aminoguanidine, L-NIL, GW273629, GW274150, cavtratin) inhibitors of nitric oxide synthasehave been described.Conclusion. Nitric oxide synthases continue to be promising targets for the development of agents that modulate their activity to correct various pathologies. As a therapeutic approach, modulation of the nitric oxide synthase activity can be implemented to treat endothelial dysfunction, which is the cause for complications of many diseases.
COMPARATIVE PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LONG-ACTING LANREOTIDE USED IN ACROMEGALY THERAPY WITHIN CONDITIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors: Krysanov I. S. , Makarova E. V. , Ermakova V. Yu. 
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the use of long-acting subcutaneous lanreotide gel compared to alternative drugs, for the treatment of acromegaly.Materials and methods. Based on the literature data, a treatment model with a 1-year outlook was developed, a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) in pharmacoeconomics and a sensitivity analysis of changes in the model parameters were carried out. Direct medical costs for the annual therapy course were calculated. The data on the medicines costs were taken from the register of marginal prices of the State Register of Medicines.Results. According to the unified Russian registry of the pituitary-hypothalamic tumors area, the achievement of remission in the acromegaly patients using lanreotide, a long-acting gel for a subcutaneous administration, compared to the long-acting octreotide, is 51% vs 24%. During the first year of treatment with octreotide, the total pharmacotherapy costs were lower than with lanreotide (RUB 225,496.07 vs RUB 574,451.84). According to the results of the cost-effectiveness analysis for one achieved case of remission, the advantage of using lanreotide over long-acting octreotide was revealed (RUB 1,251,870.56 versus RUB 1,431,005.31). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the model’s stability to increases in the lanreotide price (up to +18%), decreases in the octreotide prices (up to –22%), increases in the transsphenoidal adenomectomy prices (up to +59%), and decreased lanreotide remission rates (up to –12%).Conclusion. Although the treatment costs analysis showed lower total per year costs of the treatment with long-acting octreotide compared to lanreotide, the calculation of the cost-effectiveness ratio per remission showed that lanreotide had been superior to long-acting octreotide.
ECONOMIC DAMAGE OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION ABSENCE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Dorfman I. P. , Umerova A. R. , Kantemirova B. I. , Orlov M. A. , Abdullaev M. A. 
Published: May 2022

The aim of the article is the evaluation of the economic damage (ED) because of the absence of pneumococcal vaccination as a leading risk factor for the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of а chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods. The method of attributive statistics was used for the first time to assess the ED of the vaccination absence as an independent risk factor contributing to the development of CAP and COPD exacerbations in the Astrakhan region for the period of 2015–2019. To do this, at the beginning of the study based on the literature data, a relative risk of COPD complications associated with the absence of pneumococcal vaccination was determined. Using it as a risk factor, prevalence rates (a proportion of non-vaccinated patients with COPD), the population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated. Further, the annual economic damage (ED) from the development of CAP and COPD exacerbations was determined. To assess the cost-effectiveness of the COPD complications prevention, vaccination costs of newly registered patients were calculated and the ratio of these costs to the average annual ED was determined.Results. A decrease in the non-vaccinated patients’ proportion corresponds to the decrease in the total ED from COPD complications: from 13.16 million rubles to 6.06 million rubles during the observation period. The calculations showed that due to the increase in the vaccinated patients’ proportion over a five-year observation period, the ED from the CAP development decreased by 2.1 times, from exacerbations of COPD – by 2.3 times. The vaccination costs of newly diagnosed COPD cases amounted to 0.63 million rubles. Thus, to prevent the annual ED of 3.24 million rubles, the sum for the state to spend, should be 5.2 times as small.Conclusion. A study on the evaluation of the ED due to the risk factor (RF), the pneumococcal vaccination absence, showed that its elimination reduces the risk of acute COPD exacerbations and the development of CAP, as well the ED, as associated with them. Reducing the economic costs of the health care system with significantly lower vaccination costs, makes this preventive measure economically viable.
STUDY OF LONG-TERM CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC EFFECTS OF FAVIPIRAVIR-BASED ANTI-VIRAL DRUG IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN POST-COVID PERIOD
Authors: Radaeva O. A. , Balykova L. A. , Zaslavskaya K. Ya. , Taganov A. V. , Bely P. A. , Kostina Yu. A. , Negodnova E. V. , Mashnina S. V. , Bessheinov D. D. , Iskandyarova M. S. , Eremeev V. V. , Chumakov N. M. 
Published: May 2022

The article presents modern scientific data on long-term clinical and pathogenetic effects of the antiviral drug Areplivir (Favipiravir) in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.The aim of the article is to study long-term cytokine-mediated (IL-6/sIL6r and LIF/sLIFr) pathogenetic effects of the favipiravir (Areplivir®) based drug on the incidence of complications in patients with metabolic syndrome in the post-COVID period.Material and methods. With the approval of the local ethics committee at the N.P. Ogarevs Mordovia State University (Protocol No. 5 dated May 17, 2020) “An open prospective comparative study of the Areplivir® (Favipiravir) drug effectiveness in reducing the risk of complications in the post-COVID period in patients with metabolic syndrome” in the Republic of Mordovia was carried out.The study included 190 metabolic syndrome patients who received the outpatient treatment for COVID-19 at Saransk polyclinics from February 2021 to March 2021. The case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in accordance with the current Temporary Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the new coronavirus infection.Results. The analysis of the metabolic syndrome patients’ follow-up within 1 year after undergoing COVID-19, revealed significant differences in the incidence of complications depending on the intake of the favipiravir based drug. The patients who were administrated with favipiravir at the early stage of infection, were characterized by lower serum levels of four members of the interleukin 6 family – IL-6 (IL-6, sIL6r and LIF, sLIFr) 10, 30 and 180 days after a clinical and laboratory recovery (p<0.001). The average statistical changes in the IL-6 /sIL6r system of the group administrated with favipiravir, were 90%, and they were higher than in the group not administrated with antiviral drugs. In the group of the patients administrated with favipiravir, there was a significant (p<0.001) positive dynamic of the sLIFr indicator, while in the comparison group, there was an increase in this indicator.A protective effect of the early favipiravir use was characterized by a decrease in the frequency of cardiovascular complications, a 2.66-fold decrease in the risk of a stroke and the ACS in the post-COVID period.Conclusion. The areplivir therapy in the acute period of coronavirus infection made it possible to timely reduce the viral load. It helps to correct the pro-inflammatory vector of the immune response at the post-COVID stage and, accordingly, reduces the risk of progression of atherosclerosis, transient cerebrovascular accidents with a cognitive decline, an endothelial dysfunction, and can be considered a secondary prevention of life-threatening cardiovascular complications.
Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Rainfall in Kumadugu-Yobe River Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Jajere Ahmed Abubakar , Sawa Ajiya Bulus , Kibon Usman Ado , Muhammed Bibi Umar , Babagana-Kyari Modibbo 
Published: May 2022

Large-scale climatic variability is seriously affecting rainfall and temperature distribution pattern in Sudano-Sahelian parts of Lake Chad Basin. The Kumadugu-gana and Yobe Rivers that drain the south-western part of the Lake Chad Basin now flow for six months only in a year instead of nine, and this has affected the entire ecosystem of the basin. This study examines the spatio-temporal variability of Kumagu-Yobe river basin rainfall. The study used monthly rainfall records for 1981-2017 from five different weather stations that spread across the up-and-downstream parts of the basin. To accomplish the objective of the study descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the rainfall attributes and temporal distribution pattern for each of the stations during the study period. Linear regression model was used in analyzing the stations rainfall temporal variability trend. The findings of the study revealed a large scale spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of the rainfall attributes during the study period. Generally, the basin recorded increasing trend of rainfall within the study period. Annual increasing trends of 1.1mm, 3.1mm, 17.6mm and 17.2mm were observed at Potiskum, Nguru, Bauchi and Kano stations respectively. Thus, Jos records insignificant decreasing trend of -0.2mm annually. Specifically, a variability of less than 1% was also observed at Jos and Potiskum stations which is statistically insignificant. A variability of 19%, 28% and 44% was observed at Nguru, Kano, Jos, and Bauchi respectively. Overall, throughout the study periods the basin recorded increasing trend of rainfall that is characterised with large scale fluctuations particularly at the upstream section of the basin. However, desertification and upstream water abstraction may have reduced any noticeable increase in stream downstream
Keywords : River Yobe, Kumadugu-Yobe Basin, Rainfall, Spatio-Temporal variability

Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
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Risk Perception and Preparedness in Flash Flood-Affected Communities: Evidence from Bahorok, Indonesia
Authors: Aksa Furqan Ishak , Sinulingga Egianinta 
Published: May 2022

The Bahorok River basin has a high flash-flood hazard index. This is shown by loss of lives and damage of homes due to floods in recent years, however, no research examined community preparedness on the hazard of flash-flood. This research aimed to assess the effect of disaster experience and flood-risk perception on disaster preparedness of the people of Bukit Lawang Plantation Village. A cross-sectional survey design was used to determine the relationship between disaster experience, risk perception and preparedness as the independent and dependent variables, respectively. The results showed that disaster experience and risk perception positively and significantly affect the community preparedness. Disaster risk reduction programs in the region only focus on emergency response, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Furthermore, increasing public awareness and preparedness has not been prioritized in reducing flood risk. This is an essential aspect for consideration because mountainous areas are often marginalized and lack access to disaster risk reduction programs.
Keywords : Flood-risk perception; preparedness; flash flood

Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License