bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Bathymetric Prediction Using Geological Information: SYNBATH
Authors: Sandwell David T. , Goff John A. , Gevorgian Julie , Harper Hugh , Kim Seung‐Sep , Yu Yao , Tozer Brook , Wessel Paul , Smith Walter H. F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo date, ∼20% of the ocean floor has been surveyed by ships at a spatial resolution of 400 m or better. The remaining 80% has depth predicted from satellite altimeter‐derived gravity measurements at a relatively low resolution. There are many remote ocean areas in the southern hemisphere that will not be completely mapped at 400 m resolution during this decade. This study is focused on the development of synthetic bathymetry to fill the gaps. There are two types of seafloor features that are not typically well resolved by satellite gravity; abyssal hills and small seamounts (<2.5 km tall). We generate synthetic realizations of abyssal hills by combining the measured statistical properties of mapped abyssal hills with regional geology including fossil spreading rate/orientation, rms height from satellite gravity, and sediment thickness. With recent improvements in accuracy and resolution, it is now possible to detect all seamounts taller than about 800 m in satellite‐derived gravity and their location can be determined to an accuracy of better than 1 km. However, the width of the gravity anomaly is much greater than the actual width of the seamount so the seamount predicted from gravity will underestimate the true seamount height and overestimate its base dimension. In this study, we use the amplitude of the vertical gravity gradient (VGG) to estimate the mass of the seamount and then use their characteristic shape, based on well‐surveyed seamounts, to replace the smooth‐predicted seamount with a seamount having a more realistic shape.
Spatial Variations of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Caribbean Sea Due To Vertical Mixing Along Its Path
Authors: van der Boog Carine G. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Pietrzak Julie D. , Katsman Caroline A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBecause of its pronounced fresh signature, the properties of the northward‐flowing Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Hence, understanding modifications of AAIW along its path is important. Here, we analyze AAIW changes along its path in the Caribbean Sea and assess whether vertical fluxes from background turbulence and from double‐diffusive mixing in thermohaline staircases can explain these variations. We deduce the occurrence rate of staircases (7%) and estimate the flux ratio from Argo float profiles. In combination with vertical fluxes from background turbulence, these values are used in a steady‐state advection‐diffusion model to estimate the effective diffusivity of salt that arises from double diffusion . This value for is similar to observed values (Schmitt, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1108678), implying the observed modification of AAIW in the Caribbean Sea may be attributable primarily to vertical mixing in the region itself.
What Determines the Number and the Timing of Pulses in Afternoon Precipitation in the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) Observations?
Authors: Tian Yang , Zhang Yunyan , Klein Stephen A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing GoAmazon observations over the central Amazon, we investigate double‐pulse events of afternoon precipitation for the first time. Relative humidity is the dominant factor in determining the onset timing and the number of pulses of precipitation. A moister free troposphere on single‐pulse days features heavy precipitation in the early afternoon, which stabilizes the atmosphere and prohibits further convection. On early–onset double‐pulse days, weaker precipitation from shallower convection in the first pulse leads to less consumption of atmospheric instability, making the environment favorable for a second pulse of stronger precipitation. A cluster tracking algorithm using the scanning radar reflectivity is developed to examine the relationship between precipitation pulses. Through explicitly tracking convective clusters that exist from the first to the second pulse, convective aggregation plays a more dominant role to the survival of clusters with larger final size, and on average around 20% of cluster survivals are due to natural growth.
Using Satellite Observations to Evaluate Model Microphysical Representation of Arctic Mixed‐Phase Clouds
Authors: Shaw J. , McGraw Z. , Bruno O. , Storelvmo T. , Hofer S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMixed‐phase clouds play an important role in determining Arctic warming, but are parametrized in models and difficult to constrain with observations. We use two satellite‐derived cloud phase metrics to investigate the vertical structure of Arctic clouds in two global climate models that use the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) atmospheric component. We report a model error limiting ice nucleation, produce a set of Arctic‐constrained model runs by adjusting model microphysical variables to match the cloud phase metrics, and evaluate cloud feedbacks for all simulations. Models in this small ensemble uniformly overestimate total cloud fraction in the summer, but have variable representation of cloud fraction and phase in the winter and spring. By relating modeled cloud phase metrics and changes in low‐level liquid cloud amount under warming to longwave cloud feedback, we show that mixed‐phase processes mediate the Arctic climate by modifying how wintertime and springtime clouds respond to warming.
Genesis and Trends in Marine Heatwaves Over the Tropical Indian Ocean and Their Interaction With the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Saranya J. S. , Roxy M. K. , Dasgupta Panini , Anand Ajay 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme oceanic warm water events (above 90th percentile threshold) that significantly impact the marine environment. Recent studies have explored the genesis and impacts of MHWs in the global oceans though they are least understood in the tropical Indian Ocean. Here we investigate the genesis and trend of MHWs in the Indian Ocean during 1982–2018 and their role in modulating the Indian summer monsoon. We find that the rapid warming in the Indian Ocean plays a critical role in increasing the number of MHWs. Meanwhile, the El Niño has a prominent influence on the occurrence of MHWs during the monsoon. The Indian Ocean warming and the El Niño variability have synergistically resulted in some of the strongest and long‐lasting MHWs in the Indian Ocean. The western Indian Ocean region experienced the largest increase in MHWs at a rate of 1.2–1.5 events per decade, followed by the north Bay of Bengal at a rate of 0.4–0.5 events per decade. Locally, the MHWs are induced by increased solar radiation, relaxation of winds, and reduced evaporative cooling. In the western Indian Ocean, the decreased winds further restrict the heat transport by ocean currents from the near‐equatorial regions toward the north. Our analysis indicates that the MHWs in the western Indian Ocean and the north Bay of Bengal lead to a reduction in monsoon rainfall over the central Indian subcontinent. On the other hand, there is an enhancement of monsoon rainfall over southwest India due to the MHWs in the Bay of Bengal.
Can the Surface Quasi‐Geostrophic (SQG) Theory Explain Upper Ocean Dynamics in the South Atlantic?
Authors: Miracca‐Lage Mariana , González‐Haro Cristina , Napolitano Dante Campagnoli , Isern‐Fontanet Jordi , Polito Paulo Simionatto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSatellite altimeters provide quasi‐global measurements of sea surface height, and from those the vertically integrated geostrophic velocity can be directly estimated, but not its vertical structure. This study discusses whether the mesoscale (30–400 km) dynamics of three regions in the South Atlantic can be described by the surface quasi‐geostrophic (SQG) theory, both at the surface and in depth, using outputs from an ocean general circulation model. At these scales, the model surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) spectra show slopes close to k−5/3 (k−3) in winter (summer), characterizing the SQG and quasi‐geostrophic (QG) turbulence regimes. We use surface density and temperature to (a) reconstruct the stream function under the SQG theory, (b) assess its capability of reproducing mesoscale motions, and (c) identify the main parameters that improve such reconstruction. For mixed layers shallower than 100 m, the changes in the mixed‐layer depth contributes nine times more to the surface SQG reconstruction than the EKE, indicating the strong connection between the quality of the reconstruction and the seasonality of the mixed layer. To further explore the reconstruction vertical extension, we add the barotropic and first baroclinic QG modes to the surface solution. The SQG solutions reproduce the model density and geostrophic velocities in winter, whereas in summer, the interior QG modes prevail. Together, these solutions can improve surface correlations (>0.98) and can depict spatial patterns of mesoscale structures in both the horizontal and vertical domains. Improved spatial resolution from upcoming altimeter missions poses a motivating scenario to extend our findings into future observational studies.
Magnetostratigraphic Age Control of the Timing of Tectonic Deformation and the Shifting Depositional Environments in the Dezful Embayment, Iran
Authors: Sun Jimin , Sheykh Morteza , Windley Brian F. , Talebian Morteza , Cao Mengmeng , Ahmadi Nahid , Sha Jingeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe timing of tectonic deformation in the Zagros foreland basin provides important information about the tectonic propagation process driven by the Arabia‐Eurasia convergence. The chronology of growth strata is one of the most important methods to delimit the history of folding and thrusting within the foreland basin. In this study, we report integrated analyses of sedimentology, magnetostratigraphy, and biostratigraphy of Miocene strata in the Dezful Embayment in the SW Zagros foreland basin. The new results indicate that deposition of the northern limb of the Gach‐e Moh Anticline was between 14.6 and 8.6 Ma; that includes the Upper Gachsaran Formation (14.6–13.8 Ma), the Mishan Formation (13.8–12.8 Ma), and the Agha Jari Formation (12.8–8.6 Ma). Based on magnetostratigraphic and sedimentary evidence, the transition from marine to non‐marine was at ∼12.8 Ma. Analysis of temporal lithofacies‐stacked patterns shows there were seventeen transgression‐regression cycles during the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition with a ∼100‐Kyr Earth eccentricity cycle, suggesting that the cyclic marine transgressions and regressions were mainly driven by eustatic sea level fluctuations; but tectonic‐induced basin subsidence also contributed marine transgressions in the Upper Mishan Formation. The final seawater retreat was at 12.8 Ma driven by both the global eustatic sea level drop and the enhanced south‐westward progradation of sediments eroded from the High Zagros. The base of the growth strata in the footwall of the Mountain Front Fault was at ∼11 Ma, suggesting that tectonic deformation caused by the Arabia‐Eurasia collision had propagated to the Dezful Embayment by that time.
Reactivated Margin of the Western North China Craton in the Late Cretaceous: Constraints From Zircon (U‐Th)/He Thermochronology of Taibai Mountain
Authors: Zhang Weibin , Wang Fei , Wu Lin , Yang Liekun , Tan Xibin , Shi Wenbei , Xu Xiwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe western North China Craton (NCC) entered a stage of craton thinning concentrated on its margin in the Cenozoic, but its Late‐Cretaceous conditions were previously deduced to be relatively quiescent. Therefore, whether the Late‐Cretaceous tectonic reactivation existed on the margin of this block is critical to understanding how the craton evolved into a thinned one. To investigate this possible margin reactivation in the Late Cretaceous, we apply zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronology to Taibai Mountain on the southern margin of the western NCC. From an ∼3‐km‐high vertical profile with ages decreasing from 98 ± 5 Ma at the peak to 52 ± 7 Ma at the foot, the age‐elevation relationship suggests the rapid exhumation at ca. 78–71 Ma bracketed by two slow exhumation phases. This interpretation is confirmed by 1D half‐space modeling and QTQt inverse modeling, with the rapid exhumation stage having an exhumation rate of 0.1–0.6 km/Myr and a cooling rate of ∼10°C/Myr. Together with previously reported thermochronological data from the margin of the western NCC, the rapid exhumation at ca. 78–71 Ma implies a reactivated margin in the Late Cretaceous before widespread Cenozoic thinning of the craton margin. This Late‐Cretaceous reactivation likely resulted from WNW‐ESE extension expressed by thermo‐tectonic events, basin subsidence, and volcanism in East Asia. Excluding impacts from climate change, lithospheric delamination, and India subduction beneath Eurasia, we infer that the Late‐Cretaceous reactivation on the margin of the western NCC was driven by the far‐field effect of Izanagi Plate subduction beneath the Eurasian Plate during slab rollback of the subducted plate.
Temporal Scaling of Streamflow Elasticity to Precipitation: A Global Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Viglione Alberto , Blöschl Günter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStreamflow elasticity to precipitation, defined as the percent change of streamflow resulting from a 1% change in precipitation, is sometimes used as an alternative to rainfall‐runoff models in climate impact analyses. Elasticity is usually estimated from long streamflow and precipitation series aggregated at annual time steps while the climate impact analyses are usually geared toward changes at decadal scales. The purpose of this paper is therefore to understand how the elasticity depends on the aggregation time scale and the process controls of such a dependence. We analyze streamflow records of 7,053 catchments around the world over the period 1950–2016, and select 5,327 with reliable elasticity estimates for aggregation time ranging from 13 to 60 months. We find a significant scaling of streamflow elasticity to precipitation with aggregation time in 66% of the catchments which is much larger than expected by chance. Positive scaling occurs much more frequently than negative scaling. More arid/less rainy catchments, less forested catchments and catchments with a large base flow contribution to streamflow are more frequently characterized by a positive scaling. A random forest classification model identifies aridity index, latitude, mean annual precipitation, the potential evapotranspiration seasonality, the base flow index and the precipitation seasonality as relevant explanatory variables of the scaling. We interpret the sign of the scaling by non‐linear runoff generation in arid regions, by the effect of climate modes and snow processes, and by the regulation capacity of vegetation to transpire more water if the past years were wet. It is suggested to use decadal elasticities instead of annual elasticities in climate impact analyses in order to account for their scaling behavior.
Statement of Contribution to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for JGR: Biogeosciences
Authors: Xenopoulos Marguerite A. , Desai Ankur , Huntzinger Deborah , Bastos Ana , Fawcett Sarah , Sahagian Dork , Santin Cristina , Vargas Rodrigo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHere we are presenting a statement of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) for JGR: Biogeosciences. This statement includes current policies and practices, and details concrete actions that we intend to implement over the next year to better include underrepresented groups in the publication process.
Paediatric and neonatal sepsis and inflammation
Authors: Molloy E. J. , Bearer C. F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSepsis has a huge impact on global mortality and has been declared as a priority by the World Health organisation the WHO.1 Children have a high incidence of sepsis especially in the neonatal with an estimated 3 million babies affected worldwide and mortality ranges from 11 to 19%.2 In addition, long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes are affected but this is largely unquantified. However, challenges remain in the early recognition, diagnosis and standardised management of sepsis. This series on Sepsis and inflammation in children reviews the conundrums of diagnostic criteria, biomarkers, management and future strategies to improve outcomes.
HERC3 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by directly ubiquitination degradation EIF5A2 and inhibits metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , He Guodong , Lv Yang , Liu Yu , Niu Zhengchuan , Feng Qingyang , Hu Ronggui , Xu Jianmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractE3 ligase is widely reported to exert fundamental functions in cancers. Through rigorous bioinformatic analysis concentrating E3 ligases based on data from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), HERC3 was indicated to be downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and HERC3 downregulation showed poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Through qRT-PCR, western blotting and Immunohistochemistry (IHC), analytical results were validated based on tissues in Zhongshan hospital. Functionally, HERC3 was indicated to inhibit the migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo through transwell assays, wound healing assays and vivo experiments. And HERC3 could regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation (IP), coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and GST-pulldown assays indicated that HERC3 could directly interact with EIF5A2 in vitro and in vivo through the RCC1 domain in HERC3. And HERC3 could function as an E3 to promote the K27 and K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of EIF5A2 via the HECT domain in HERC3, besides, K47, K67, K85, and K121 in EIF5A2 were identified as ubiquitination sites. In addition, HERC3 was indicated to affect the migration, invasion and metastasis and further regulatE EMT via EIF5A2/TGF-/Smad2/3 signal. The present study may provide insight into the mechanism of EMT in CRC.
RICH1 inhibits breast cancer stem cell traits through activating kinases cascade of Hippo signaling by competing with Merlin for binding to Amot-p80
Authors: Tian Qi , Gao Huan , Zhou Yan , Zhu Lizhe , Yang Jiao , Wang Bo , Liu Peijun , Yang Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the root of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis, as well as the major cause of resistance to conventional cancer therapies. Elucidating the mechanism of regulating CSCs is of great significance for the development of CSCs-targeting therapy strategies. YAP/TAZ are identified as key regulators of CSCs-related traits on breast cancer cells; however, the upstream regulatory mechanism of Hippo kinases cascade involved in regulating YAP/TAZ remains elusive. In this study, we found that the low expression of RICH1 in breast cancer was associated with poor prognosis. Depletion of RICH1 promoted the stemness and disrupted the normal epithelial architecture of MCF10A cells. Besides, RICH1 inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and sensitized these cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanistically, RICH1 activated the kinases cascade of Hippo signaling via displacing Amot-p80 from the complex with Merlin. Further studies revealed that the deletion of the BAR domain of RICH1 abolished the function of attenuating the binding of Amot-p80 and Merlin, illustrating that the competitive binding to Amot-p80 with Merlin was mediated by the BAR domain of RICH1. In conclusion, our work elucidated the role and molecular mechanism of RICH1 in stemness regulation of breast cancer, and might provide opportunities for CSCs-targeting therapy.
Mechanisms of Polycomb group protein function in cancer
Authors: Parreno Victoria , Martinez Anne-Marie , Cavalli Giacomo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCancer arises from a multitude of disorders resulting in loss of differentiation and a stem cell-like phenotype characterized by uncontrolled growth. Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are members of multiprotein complexes that are highly conserved throughout evolution. Historically, they have been described as essential for maintaining epigenetic cellular memory by locking homeotic genes in a transcriptionally repressed state. What was initially thought to be a function restricted to a few target genes, subsequently turned out to be of much broader relevance, since the main role of PcG complexes is to ensure a dynamically choregraphed spatio-temporal regulation of their numerous target genes during development. Their ability to modify chromatin landscapes and refine the expression of master genes controlling major switches in cellular decisions under physiological conditions is often misregulated in tumors. Surprisingly, their functional implication in the initiation and progression of cancer may be either dependent on Polycomb complexes, or specific for a subunit that acts independently of other PcG members. In this review, we describe how misregulated Polycomb proteins play a pleiotropic role in cancer by altering a broad spectrum of biological processes such as the proliferation-differentiation balance, metabolism and the immune response, all of which are crucial in tumor progression. We also illustrate how interfering with PcG functions can provide a powerful strategy to counter tumor progression.
Single-cell multi-omics reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune system in progressive COVID-19
Authors: Unterman Avraham , Sumida Tomokazu S. , Nouri Nima , Yan Xiting , Zhao Amy Y. , Gasque Victor , Schupp Jonas C. , Asashima Hiromitsu , Liu Yunqing , Cosme Carlos , Deng Wenxuan , Chen Ming , Raredon Micha Sam Brickman , Hoehn Kenneth B. , Wang Guilin , Wang Zuoheng , DeIuliis Giuseppe , Ravindra Neal G. , Li Ningshan , Castaldi Christopher , Wong Patrick , Fournier John , Bermejo Santos , Sharma Lokesh , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Vogels Chantal B. F. , Wyllie Anne L. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Melillo Anthony , Meng Hailong , Stein Yan , Minasyan Maksym , Mohanty Subhasis , Ruff William E. , Cohen Inessa , Raddassi Khadir ,   The Yale IMPACT Research Team, Nelson Allison , Shepard Denise , Rainone Michael , Peng Xiaohua , Niklason Laura E. , Ko Albert I. , Montgomery Ruth R. , Farhadian Shelli F. , Iwasaki Akiko , Shaw Albert C. , van Dijk David , Zhao Hongyu , Kleinstein Steven H. , Hafler David A. , Kaminski Naftali , Dela Cruz Charles S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDysregulated immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are instrumental in severe COVID-19. However, the immune signatures associated with immunopathology are poorly understood. Here we use multi-omics single-cell analysis to probe the dynamic immune responses in hospitalized patients with stable or progressive course of COVID-19, explore V(D)J repertoires, and assess the cellular effects of tocilizumab. Coordinated profiling of gene expression and cell lineage protein markers shows that S100Ahi/HLA-DRlo classical monocytes and activated LAG-3hi T cells are hallmarks of progressive disease and highlights the abnormal MHC-II/LAG-3 interaction on myeloid and T cells, respectively. We also find skewed T cell receptor repertories in expanded effector CD8+ clones, unmutated IGHG+ B cell clones, and mutated B cell clones with stable somatic hypermutation frequency over time. In conclusion, our in-depth immune profiling reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune interaction in progressive COVID-19.