bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiscale approach to targeted docetaxel formulations: combination therapy, nanotechnology, electrospinning and 3D printing—a review
Authors: Oyediran Karamot O. , Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Azubuike Chukwuemeka P. , Nurudeen Layeni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Docetaxel, first marketed as ‘Taxotere’, has been approved for use as a chemotherapeutic for management of gastric, breast, neck, head, non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer.

Main body
Taxotere, is a docetaxel formulation solubilized in tween 80 and 13% ethanol solution. It is effective as a chemotherapeutic agent but has numerous toxic effects due to the ethanol and polysorbate. Aside from this, challenges with administration during mixing of the docetaxel with the diluent exist. Poor mixing results in gel formation while addition of the drug mix to an infusion may result in micelle formation. These challenges have necessitated remodeling of the currently available docetaxel formulation, but none has made it to clinical setting as an alternative. Efforts have also been made to develop oral docetaxel formulation to ease administration of the drug. Attempts have also been made to develop other dosage forms, notably transdermal formulations and implants to target cancer cells while avoiding systemic side effects. Formulation methods such as nanoformulation, drug coupling with other active moieties, 3D fabrication as well as electrospinning have been employed.

Conclusions
Development of novel formulations of docetaxel for different chemotherapeutic needs appears promising with some formulations currently in clinical trials. Exploring other drug formulation techniques such as the use of 2D LDH may produce novel anticancer formulations in the future.
Shift and homogenization of gut microbiome during invasion in marine fishes
Authors: Escalas Arthur , Auguet Jean-Christophe , Avouac Amandine , Belmaker Jonathan , Dailianis Thanos , Kiflawi Moshe , Pickholtz Renanel , Skouradakis Grigorios , Villéger Sébastien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiological invasion is one of the main components of global changes in aquatic ecosystems. Unraveling how establishment in novel environments affects key biological features of animals is a key step towards understanding invasion. Gut microbiome of herbivorous animals is important for host health but has been scarcely assessed in invasive species. Here, we characterized the gut microbiome of two invasive marine herbivorous fishes (Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus) in their native (Red Sea) and invaded (Mediterranean Sea) ranges. The taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of the microbiome increased as the fishes move away from the native range and its structure became increasingly different from the native microbiome. These shifts resulted in homogenization of the microbiome in the invaded range, within and between the two species. The shift in microbial diversity was associated with changes in its functions related with the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids. Altogether, our results suggest that the environmental conditions encountered by Siganidae during their expansion in Mediterranean ecosystems strongly modifies the composition of their gut microbiome along with its putative functions. Further studies should pursue to identify the precise determinants of these modifications (e.g. changes in host diet or behavior, genetic differentiation) and whether they participate in the ecological success of these species.
Expressions of resistome is linked to the key functions and stability of active rumen microbiome
Authors: Ma Tao , Zaheer Rahat , McAllister Tim A. , Guo Wei , Li Fuyong , Tu Yan , Diao Qiyu , Guan Le Luo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The resistome describes the array of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) present within a microbial community. Recent research has documented the resistome in the rumen of ruminants and revealed that the type and abundance of ARGs could be affected by diet and/or antibiotic treatment. However, most of these studies only assessed ARGs using metagenomics, and expression of the resistome and its biological function within the microbiome remains largely unexplored.

Results
We characterized the pools of ARGs (resistome) and their activities in the rumen of 48 beef cattle belonging to three breeds (Angus, Charolais, Kinsella composite hybrid), using shotgun metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Sixty (including 20 plasmid-associated) ARGs were expressed which accounted for about 30% of the total number of ARGs (187) identified in metagenomic datasets, with tetW and mefA exhibiting the highest level of expression. In addition, the bacterial hosts of 17 expressed ARGs were identified. The active resistome was less diverse in Kinsella composite hybrid than Angus, however, expression of ARGs did not differ among breeds. Although not associated with feed efficiency, the total abundance of expressed ARGs was positively correlated with metabolic pathways and ‘attenuation values’ (a measurement of stability) of the active rumen microbiome, suggesting that ARGs expression influences the stability and functionality of the rumen microbiome. Moreover, Ruminococcus spp., Prevotella ruminicola, Muribaculaceae spp. and Collinsella aerofaciens were all identified as hosts of expressed ARGs, possibly promoting the dominance of these carbohydrate degraders within the rumen microbiome.

Conclusions
Findings from this study provide new insight into the active rumen resistome in vivo, which may inform strategies to limit the spread of ubiquitously found ARGs from the rumen to the broader environment without negatively impacting the key functional outcomes of the rumen microbiome.
Species sensitivity distribution of dichlorvos in surface water species
Authors: Bustos Nahuel Jano , Iriel Analia , Cirelli Alicia Fernández , Cedergreen Nina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract Dichlorvos is an organophosphorus insecticide frequently detected in surface waters all around the world. From an evaluation of the environmental quality concentrations (EQC) for dichlorvos in surface waters adopted by different countries, it was observed a wide variability among them. This is despite regulatory EQC-values are typically based on toxicity data and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) in all the investigated regulatory frameworks, and therefore should be similar. Hence, what is the cause of the differences between national and regional EQC-values? And, which ones will protect the aquatic fauna? These hypotheses were proposed to explain differences among SSDs based on the choice of toxicity data: (i) EQC values obtained from technical presentation (pure dichlorvos) will be higher than the estimated from dichlorvos formulation (containing other substances to improve the efficiency of the active principle), as they may include synergists; (ii) different taxa will have different sensitivities; (iii) data produced under different experimental conditions will severely affect the SSD. Regarding their capacity to protect the aquatic fauna the hypotheses were; iv) environmental concentration of dichlorvos represents a risk for aquatic organisms; and v) not all EQC-values are protective for the aquatic fauna. These were tested through a meta-analysis of toxicity data enabling the construction of SSD’s across technical and formulated dichlorvos and species of several taxa, and across literature and experimental data produced under analogous conditions. Finally, the EQC elaborated were compared with a meta-study on monitored environmental concentrations. The study suggested that technical dichlorvos increased toxicity compared to formulated products up to two-fold for arthropods. Species phylogeny affected sensitivity, but the SSD derived values used for setting regulatory concentrations were remarkably robust to the inclusion/exclusion of less sensitive species. The SSD results from the literature and experimental data were similar in the case of technical dichlorvos results. The regional differences in EQC values therefore most likely stem from political considerations on how to use SSDs to derive EQCs rather than from differences in SSDs. The experimental SSD defined a protective concentration of 6.5 ng L− 1 for 5% of the species, which is according to the European EQC, but one to two-fold lower than the limit values of the US, China, and Argentina.
A bibliometric analysis of urban food security
Authors: Frayne Bruce , Dordi Truzaar , McCordic Cameron , Sunu Naomi , Williamson Clare 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study of urban food security has evolved dramatically over the past few decades. This evolution has been punctuated, and catalyzed, by insights into the dynamic transformation of food systems in cities. The evolution of this field, as revealed by its scholarly writings, provides an important vantage point for understanding both the dynamic transformation of the urban food system as well as the lens through which that transformation has been understood. This investigation adopted a bibliometric methodology, blending quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques, to assess the dynamic evolution of the literature over time. This methodology included a quantitative analysis of the metadata for 162 publications on urban food security. The results of this analysis provided an overview of research progress, historical and evolutionary trends, geographic disparities, keyword distribution, networks of collaboration, and key thematic foci. The quantitative analysis is complemented with a qualitative examination of top publications in the field. The results present a historical narrative of the evolution of urban food security research. In particular, the results indicate that the field has diversified its foci along key distinctions in food access and supply. The findings also identify common strategies and challenges inherent to the governance of urban food systems. In summary, this investigation provides a unique vantage point for discovering the evolution of urban food security and the perspectives that have defined that evolution.
An adult with left isomerism having an interrupted inferior vena cava and persistent left superior vena cava associated with partial atrioventricular canal defect and complete heart block — a case report
Authors: Ali Mohammed Wahaj , Husain Shaikh Mohammed , Iyer Ramnath , Desai Neelam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Persistent left superior vena cava is a well-recognized thoracic venous abnormality, most of which do not present with any symptoms. Its opening into the left atrium is uncommonly encountered and, if present, is noted to be associated with various other complex intracardiac malformations, which further complicates its management. Herein, we highlight a case of an adult with persistent left superior vena cava with a spectrum of other cardiac anomalies rarely encountered with it, which was effectively managed by tailored surgical intervention.

Case presentation
A 26-year-old female on meticulous evaluation was found to have left isomerism with an interrupted inferior vena cava and hemiazygos continuing as a persistent left superior vena cava. It was also associated with common atrium, partial atrioventricular canal defect, and complete heart block. This complex array of anomalies was managed surgically. Common atrium was closed with atrial neo-septation using autologous pericardial patch tailored in a way, such that the persistent left superior vena cava drained into right atrium with left atrial appendage being on right side of neo-septum. Cleft in the left atrioventricular valve was also repaired. Despite preoperative complete heart block, the patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and was in atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular rate, thus precluding the need for permanent pacemaker implantation.

Conclusions
A rare spectrum of adult congenital cyanotic heart disease was successfully managed with thorough preoperative evaluation and judicious intraoperative management. Surgical management should be tailored based on specific anatomy for reduction of morbidity and optimum results.
Exploring key molecular signatures of immune responses and pathways associated with tuberculosis in comorbid diabetes mellitus: a systems biology approach
Authors: Selvan G. Tamizh , Gollapalli Pavan , Shetty Praveenkumar , Kumari N. Suchetha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk for tuberculosis (TB) and its associated complications, although the pathological connections between T2DM and TB are unknown. The current research aims to identify shared molecular gene signatures and pathways that affirm the epidemiological association of T2DM and TB and afford clues on mechanistic basis of their association through integrative systems biology and bioinformatics approaches. Earlier research has found specific molecular markers linked to T2DM and TB, but, despite their importance, only offered a limited understanding of the genesis of this comorbidity. Our investigation used a network medicine method to find possible T2DM-TB molecular mediators.

Results
Functional annotation clustering, interaction networks, network cluster analysis, and network topology were part of our systematic investigation of T2DM-TB linked with 1603 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment and gene interaction network analysis emphasized the importance of cytokine/chemokine signalling, T cell receptor signalling route, NF-kappa B signalling pathway and Jak-STAT signalling system. Furthermore, network analysis revealed significant DEGs such as ITGAM and STAT1, which may be necessary for T2DM-TB immune responses. Furthermore, these two genes are modulators in clusters C4 and C5, abundant in cytokine/chemokine signalling and Jak-STAT signalling pathways.

Conclusions
Our analyses highlight the role of ITGAM and STAT1 in T2DM-TB-associated pathways and advances our knowledge of the genetic processes driving this comorbidity.
Total thyroidectomy using intracapsular dissection: the technique, complications, and surgical outcomes
Authors: R. Sumanth K. , Panduranga Rao Santosh Uttarkar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiseases of the thyroid gland are common with a prevalence of 4–7% in the general population, the incidence being higher in endemic areas. Surgical removal is one of the most important treatments for thyroid swellings and it is very important for both the surgeon and patient to understand the surgery, its complications and the outcome. The most frequent complications of thyroid surgeries are related to the injury of recurrent laryngeal nerves or metabolic derangements related to injury of parathyroid glands. Hence intracapsular dissection may be carried out to avoid these potential complications which ensure a good surgical outcome in a select group of patients. The study aims to define the technique of thyroidectomy using intracapsular dissection and assess the complications related to this technique of thyroid surgery. This prospective observational study was carried out on 41 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy after evaluation from November 2013 to June 2016.ResultsTwo patients developed transient hypocalcemia following the surgery out of 41 patients. No patients developed permanent RLN palsy or permanent hypocalcemia.ConclusionThyroidectomy done using the intracapsular dissection technique is a safe and easy procedure for benign thyroid swellings. This technique aims to minimize tissue handling and dissection in the lateral thyroid groove and thereby reduce the postoperative complications related to the injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands, increasing the surgical outcomes and patient compliance. Hence, intracapsular dissection can be routinely practiced for the extirpation of benign thyroid swellings.
High-frequency audiometry, speech perception in quiet and noise, and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Apeksha Kumari , Basappa Ananya , Devananda Darshan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to investigate the effect of PCOS on high-frequency thresholds, speech perception in quiet and in presence of noise, and vestibular functioning in women with and without PCOS and to correlate the speech perception scores with that of the pure-tone thresholds obtained at conventional and higher frequencies.

Methods
Women with and without PCOS in the age range of 18–40 years diagnosed between January 2019 and January 2020 were participants. Conventional and high-frequency audiometry (HFA), speech perception in quiet and in noise (SPIN), and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP) were assessed for both groups.

Results
Conventional audiometry (250 Hz to 8000 Hz) showed no statistically significant difference between both groups. High-frequency audiometry (9000 Hz to 20,000 Hz) showed significantly poorer pure-tone thresholds for women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS. SPIN results showed significantly lower SPIN scores for women with PCOS for − 3dB SNR, − 6 dB SNR, and − 9dB SNR. No difference in scores was observed for quiet conditions and 0 dB SNR for women with and without PCOS. cVEMP and oVEMP responses showed reduced amplitude in women with PCOS.

Conclusion
All the women diagnosed with having PCOS should be screened for hearing loss, speech perception difficulty in quiet and in presence of noise, and vestibular system functioning. If the hearing is affected, intervention should be started early in life.
Major Adverse Cardiac Events With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Pooled Analysis of Trials Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute—Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program
Authors: Naqash Abdul Rafeh , Moey Melissa Y.Y. , Cherie Tan Xiao-Wei , Laharwal Mehak , Hill Vanessa , Moka Nagabhishek , Finnigan Shanda , Murray James , Johnson Douglas B. , Moslehi Javid J. , Sharon Elad 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) because of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are infrequent immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that comprise a spectrum of cardiac toxicities with variable manifestations. ICI-related MACEs can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, hence the need to better define presentations of MACEs and their association with noncardiac irAEs in ICI-treated patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective pooled analysis of MACE captured in the serious adverse events reporting database of the National Cancer Institute–Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program for National Cancer Institute–sponsored investigational clinical trials between June 2015 and December 2019. Patients were eligible if they had been treated with anti–programmed cell death protein-1 (anti–PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (anti–PD-L1) alone or with additional anticancer therapies. RESULTS A total of 6,925 participants received anti–PD-(L)1-based therapies; 48% (n = 3,354) were treated with single-agent anti–PD-(L)1 therapy. Of 6,925 patients, 0.6% (n = 40) qualified as ICI-related MACE, with 77.5% (n = 31 of 40) being ≥ grade 3. Myocarditis accounted for 45% (n = 18 of 40) of total ICI-MACEs. Concurrent multisystem involvement with other noncardiac irAEs was seen in 65% (n = 26 of 40). Most patients with myocarditis (83%, n = 15 of 18) had one or more noncardiac irAEs associated. Incidence of MACE was higher with anti–PD-(L)1 + targeted therapies compared with anti–PD-(L)1 + anti–cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 combinations (2.1% v 0.9%, P = .08). There was a higher incidence of myocarditis with anti–PD-(L)1-based combination therapies versus single-agent anti–PD-(L)1 therapies (0.36%, n = 13 of 3,571 v 0.15%, n = 5 of 3,354, P = .08). Deaths related to myocarditis were identified in 22.5% (n = 4 of 18). All four patients who died had concurrent myositis. CONCLUSION Increasing patient and prescriber awareness in understanding patterns of ICI-MACE and associated noncardiac irAEs should be emphasized. Better characterization of the risk of MACE with the concurrent use of non–ICI-based anticancer therapies with anti–PD-(L)1 treatments is needed.
Circulating Tumor DNA and Late Recurrence in High-Risk Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lipsyc-Sharf Marla , de Bruin Elza C. , Santos Katheryn , McEwen Robert , Stetson Daniel , Patel Ashka , Kirkner Gregory J. , Hughes Melissa E. , Tolaney Sara M. , Partridge Ann H. , Krop Ian E. , Knape Charlene , Feger Ute , Marsico Giovanni , Howarth Karen , Winer Eric P. , Lin Nancy U. , Parsons Heather A. 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE To examine the prevalence and dynamics of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and its association with metastatic recurrence in patients with high-risk early-stage hormone receptor–positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) more than 5 years from diagnosis. METHODS We enrolled 103 patients with high-risk stage II-III HR+ BC diagnosed more than 5 years prior without clinical evidence of recurrence. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on primary tumor tissue to identify somatic mutations tracked via a personalized, tumor-informed ctDNA test to detect minimal residual disease (MRD). We collected plasma at the time of consent and at routine visits every 6-12 months. Patients were followed for clinical recurrence. RESULTS In total, 85 of 103 patients had sufficient tumor tissue; of them, 83 of 85 (97.6%) patients had successful whole-exome sequencing. Personalized ctDNA assays were designed targeting a median of 36 variants to test 219 plasma samples. The median time from diagnosis to first sample was 8.4 years. The median follow-up was 10.4 years from diagnosis and 2.0 years from first sample. The median number of plasma samples per patient was two. Eight patients (10%) had positive MRD testing at any time point. Six patients (7.2%) developed distant metastatic recurrence, all of whom were MRD-positive before overt clinical recurrence, with median ctDNA lead time of 12.4 months. MRD was not identified in one patient (1.2%) with local recurrence. Two of eight MRD-positive patients had not had clinical recurrence at last follow-up. CONCLUSION In this prospective study, in patients with high-risk HR+ BC in the late adjuvant setting, ctDNA was identified a median of 1 year before all cases of distant metastasis. Future studies will determine if ctDNA-guided intervention in patients with HR+ BC can alter clinical outcomes.