bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit bias reduction that lasts: Putting Situational Attribution Training to the test
Authors: Stewart Tracie L. , Latu Ioana M. , Martin Tim , Walsh Seamus P. , Schmidt Allyson , Kawakami Kerry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAddressing the damaging effects of implicit stereotypes—spontaneous, awareness‐independent associations between social groups and particular traits—remains a social imperative. These biases have been linked to negative outcomes in settings ranging from the workplace to medical care facilities. However, many techniques found to reduce implicit biases have been shown to yield short‐lived effects. In the present experiment, we assessed the longevity of reduced implicit racial stereotyping resulting from an intensive training technique that focuses on weakening the fundamental attributional processes underlying implicit stereotyping. Specifically, we aimed to strengthen the likelihood of White participants to consider situational attributions for behaviors performed by Black men that might otherwise have been judged to reflect negative African American stereotypes. White participants were randomly assigned to complete either Situational Attribution Training (SAT), a technique comprised of intensive training (480 trials) to “consider the situation” when making judgments about stereotype‐consistent behaviors performed by Black men, or a control task. Implicit stereotyping was assessed 24h later via the Person Categorization Task and found to be reduced for SAT, versus control, participants even after this delay. Implications for future antibias research and practice are considered.
In‐mouth, self‐disintegrating milk protein puffs‐I: Process development
Authors: Arora Bindvi , Rizvi Syed S. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study elucidated the reactive role of the supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) process along with calcium chelation by added sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) in altering the physicochemical properties of milk protein concentrate (MPC) with added sucrose (MPC‐S) to make expanded extrudates of defined microstructure that self‐disintegrate in the mouth. Calcium chelation by SHMP and temporarily induced acidity (pH 4.75) due to the formation of carbonic acid via SC‐CO2 incorporation during SCFX prevented protein–protein interactions involving calcium bridging and disulfide bonding in MPC‐S extrudates. The electrophoretic patterns demonstrated increased solubility of caseins in MPC‐S‐SHMP extrudates when compared to MPC‐S‐control. MPC‐S‐SHMP extrudates absorbed three times more water than MPC‐S‐control extrudates after 30 s of hydration. Textural analysis demonstrated that the compression strength of MPC‐S‐SHMP extrudates reduced by 93% on hydration as compared to 31% for MPC‐S‐control samples. During hydration, increased water absorption by MPC‐S‐SHMP extrudates resulted in weakened extrudate structure and decreased mechanical strength contributing to self‐disintegration in less than 30 s in the mouth which was confirmed by sensory evaluation.Practical ApplicationsThe developed and demonstrated process led to the manufacture of nutritious, milk protein‐based convenient and quick in‐mouth disintegrating puffs that can be used as a valuable replacement for starch‐based first finger foods intended for toddlers. They also provide the opportunity to practice baby led weaning along with being rich in protein and essential amino acids. Additionally, the developed product should be suitable for consumption by elderly as well as for patients with other conditions such as dysphagia.
Ameliorating effects of electroacupuncture on the low‐grade intestinal inflammation in rat model of diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Li Xuemei , Ren Kuiyu , Hong Xiaojuan , Guo Sha , Yu Shuguang , Yang Sha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimWe aim to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST25 and ST37 on the intestinal low‐grade inflammation (LGI) in rat model of Diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D).MethodsIBS‐D model rats were established by acetic acid enema combined with restraint and tail clamping. Before EA intervention, they were divided into three groups: blank 1 group, blank 2 group, and IBS‐D model group. Diarrhea symptoms and visceral pain sensitivity were evaluated. After constructed the model successfully, the remaining IBS‐D model group rats were randomly divided into model group and EA group. Local intestinal inflammation (HE staining), changes of intestinal mucosa (occludin protein and microvascular diameter) were evaluated. Differences between two groups were compared using t‐test or Mann–Whitney U–test. Differences among more than two groups were compared using one‐way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsAfter modeling, the results of HE staining in intestinal tract of IBS‐D model rats showed LGI. Compared with the model group, 4 h fecal moisture content (diarrhea index) and the AWR score were decreased in the EA group. The results of HE in EA group showed that the infiltration of intestinal inflammatory cells were alleviated. Additionally, EA significantly upregulated the expression of occludin protein and partially dilated the intestinal microvascular diameter. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the symptoms of IBS‐D rats were correlated with the changes of intestinal mucosa.ConclusionEA may treat intestinal LGI in IBS‐D rats by upregulating the expression of occludin protein and dilating the intestinal microvascular diameter.
State medicaid coverage of over‐the‐counter moisturizers: A cost‐effective management strategy for atopic dermatitis?
Authors: Scollan Margaret E. , Garzon Maria C. , Lauren Christine T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRegular moisturizing with over‐the‐counter (OTC) treatments is considered a cornerstone of atopic dermatitis (AD) management regardless of disease severity, but OTC moisturizers are not an eligible product under most state Medicaid benefits, including those of New York (NY). Removing the financial barrier to AD management may lessen both the economic burden and emotional toll of the disease for patients and their families with the added benefit of decreasing healthcare costs. Herein, the theoretical annual cost of OTC moisturizer was calculated for a patient with AD in NY to range between $35.13 to $63.35 for infants to $175.66 to $316.75 for adults, and Medicaid reimbursement rates and reported direct and indirect costs of AD were reviewed. We conclude with a discussion of Medicaid coverage criteria for drugs, cost‐effectiveness and preventative medicine, and the role of advocacy for changes in health policy.
Distinct composition and amplification dynamics of transposable elements in sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Authors: Cerbin Stefan , Ou Shujun , Li Yang , Sun Yanni , Jiang Ning 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYSacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is a basal eudicot plant with a unique lifestyle, physiological features, and evolutionary characteristics. Here we report the unique profile of transposable elements (TEs) in the genome, using a manually curated repeat library. TEs account for 59% of the genome, and hAT (Ac/Ds) elements alone represent 8%, more than in any other known plant genome. About 18% of the lotus genome is comprised of Copia LTR retrotransposons, and over 25% of them are associated with non‐canonical termini (non‐TGCA). Such high abundance of non‐canonical LTR retrotransposons has not been reported for any other organism. TEs are very abundant in genic regions, with retrotransposons enriched in introns and DNA transposons primarily in flanking regions of genes. The recent insertion of TEs in introns has led to significant intron size expansion, with a total of 200 Mb in the 28 455 genes. This is accompanied by declining TE activity in intergenic regions, suggesting distinct control efficacy of TE amplification in different genomic compartments. Despite the prevalence of TEs in genic regions, some genes are associated with fewer TEs, such as those involved in fruit ripening and stress responses. Other genes are enriched with TEs, and genes in epigenetic pathways are the most associated with TEs in introns, indicating a dynamic interaction between TEs and the host surveillance machinery. The dramatic differential abundance of TEs with genes involved in different biological processes as well as the variation of target preference of different TEs suggests the composition and activity of TEs influence the path of evolution.
Intentions and willingness to engage in risky driving behaviour among high school adolescents: evaluating thebstreetsmart road safety programme
Authors: Sharwood Lisa Nicole , Martiniuk A , Sarrami Foroushani Pooria , Seggie Julie , Wilson Stephanie , Hsu Jeremy , Burns Brian , Logan David Bruce 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of a road safety programme on adolescents’ willingness to engage in risky behaviour as probationary drivers, adjusted for covariates of interest.MethodThebstreetsmart is a road safety programme delivered to around 25 000 adolescent students annually in New South Wales. Using a smartphone-based app, student and teacher participation incentives, students were surveyed before and after programme attendance. Mixed-methods linear regression analysed pre/post-modified Behaviour of Young Novice Driver (BYNDS_M) scores.Results2360 and 1260 students completed pre-event and post-event surveys, respectively. Post-event BYNDS_M scores were around three points lower than pre-event scores (−2.99, 95% CI −3.418 to −2.466), indicating reduced intention to engage in risky driving behaviours. Covariates associated with higher stated intentions of risky driving were exposure to risky driving as a passenger (1.21, 95% CI 0.622 to 2.011) and identifying as non-binary gender (2.48, 95% CI 1.879 to 4.085), adjusting for other predictors.ConclusionsTrauma-informed, reality-based injury prevention programmes can be effective in changing short-term stated intentions to engage in risky driving, among a pre-independent driving student population. The adolescent novice driver age group is historically challenging to engage, and injury prevention action must be multipronged to address the many factors influencing their behaviour.
064 Epilepsy and sociodemographic factors a review
Authors: Mitchell James , Wu Kit , Vidot Micha , Nitkunan Arani , Carr Georgina 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEvidence suggests there is variation in the diagnosis, management, and support for people with epilepsy (PWE). To improve equity of service, in line with the aspirations of public policy across the UK, it is imperative to understand how sociodemographic factors affect management and care of PWE.MethodsWe conducted a focused review of published literature between 2000-2021 to outline the evidence describing the relationship between the nine protected characteristics of the Equality Act 2010 and the epidemiology, diagnosis, management and outcomes of PWE. Other factors such as depriva- tion, settlement status, education and employment were also explored.ResultsThere is an abundance of published literature on the relationship between age, disability, pregnancy and socioeconomic factors and epilepsy epidemiology and management. There is little evidence examining the relationship between epilepsy and gender reassignment, sexual orientation, religion, immigration and settlement status. Further work should also build on the data from the NASH audits, to examine the reasons for the geographical variation in epilepsy care in planned outpatient as well as unplanned emergency care settings.DiscussionBetter understanding of sociodemographic factors and their relationship with epilepsy epide- miology and management is key to improving equity of care. This review has identified gaps in knowledge that require further research.
069 Real-world evidence on the safety and efficacy of adjunctive perampanel across different geographical regions
Authors: Wechsler Robert , Coppola Antonietta , Rohatgi Anshu , Patten Anna , Goldman Samantha , Gentile Anna , Patil Balaji , Dash Amitabh , Ngo Leock Y , Malhotra Manoj 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundWe report data from three Phase IV, observational studies (Studies 506 [US;NCT03208660], 508 [India;NCT03836924] and 501 [Italy;NCT04257604]), which assessed real-world safety and efficacy of adjunctive perampanel across different regions.MethodsStudy 506 included patients with any seizure type. Studies 508/501 included patients with focal- onset seizures.Endpoints included: retention rate (Studies 506/501), median percent reduction in seizure frequency/28 days, seizure-freedom rates and safety.ResultsIn Study 506, the 12-month retention rate was 58.5% (n=876/1498). At Months 10–12, the median percent reduction in seizure frequency/28 days was 75.0% (n=123) and the seizure-freedom rate was 30.9% (n=38/123). In Study 508, the 6-month median percent reduction in seizure frequency/28 days was 100.0% (n=174) and seizure-freedom rate was 49.4% (n=86/174). In Study 501, the 6-month median percent reduction in seizure frequency/28 days, retention rate and seizure-freedom rate were 55.4% (n=198), 72.6% (n=170/234) and 18.0% (n=36/200), respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 704/1703 (41.3%; Study 506), 36/199 (18.1%; Study 508) and 132/234 (56.4%; Study 501) patients; the most common was dizziness/vertigo.ConclusionsPerampanel is efficacious and well tolerated during real-world use regardless of geographi- cal region; no unexpected safety signals emerged.FundingEisai Inc., Eisai Pharmaceuticals India Pvt., Ltd., and Eisai s.r.l.
080 IIH Life A prospective longitudinal cohort study of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Thaller Mark , Homer Victoria , Wakerley Benjamin , Mollan Susan , Sinclair Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThere is limited longitudinal data evaluating visual and headache outcomes in Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and large prospective studies are required.Aims andMethodsTo evaluate the disease course for non-surgical IIH patients, determined by their pres- entation to neuro-ophthalmology with active IIH (papilloedema present) versus those in ocular remission. Data source: the prospectively collected IIH Life database (2013-2021). Loess smoothers were used to trend measurements over time.Results490 patients had IIH, 98% female and mean body mass index (BMI) 38 kg/m2. Visual outcomes showed little difference in Humphrey visual field mean deviation or acuity over time, despite higher optical coherence tomography (OCT) global peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) in the active group. For each unit increase in BMI RNFL increased by 1.21 µm. High headache frequency was found to be determined by personal migraine history and daily headache at diagnosis. Use of ICP medications did not affect visual or headache outcomes.ConclusionsOCT appears to be a better measure for disease activity than visual field and acuity. The headache burden was high in this cohort and required complex headache management. In this cohort we were unable to establish the long-term benefit from use of ICP lowering medications.
082 Obstructive sleep apnoea in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a sub-study of the IIH-WT randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yiangou Andreas , Mitchell James , Nicholls Matthew , Chong Yu Jeat , Vijay Vivek , ley Benjamin Waker- , Lavery Gareth , Tahrani Abd A , Mollan Susan P , Sinclair Alexandra J 
Published: August 2022

Obesity is a risk factor for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We aimed to determine the prevalence of OSA in IIH and evaluate the diagnostic performance of OSA screening tools in IIH. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between weight loss, OSA and IIH over 12-months.A sub-study of a multi-centre, randomised controlled parallel group trial comparing the impact of bariatric surgery vs. community weight management intervention (CWI) on IIH (IIH:WT). OSA was assessed using home-based polygraphy at baseline and 12-months.Of the 66 women in the IIH:WT trial, 46 were included in this sub-study. OSA prevalence was 47% (n=19). The STOP-BANG had the highest sensitivity (84%) compared to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (69%) and Berlin (68%) to detect OSA. Bariatric surgery resulted in greater reductions in AHI vs. CWI (-2.8 [-11.9, 0.7], p=0.017). Over 12 months there was a positive association between changes in papilloedema and AHI (r=0.543, p=0.045), despite adjustment for changes in body mass index (R2=0.522, p=0.017).OSA is common in IIH and the STOP-BANG questionnaire was the most sensitive screening tool. Bariatric surgery improved OSA in patients with IIH. The improvement in AHI was associated with improvement in papilloedema independent of weight loss.
Atypical clinical presentations are common in TIA and minor stroke patients with DWI-MRI confirmed ischaemia
Authors: Gallogly Patrick , Best Jonathan , Werring David , Hassan J , Lee C , Cousins J , Jäger Rolf , Chandratheva Arvind 
Published: August 2022

Background and AimsCurrent diagnostic criteria for TIA/minor stroke disqualify several atypical clinical presentations, but pre-date DWI-MRI use. We investigated the proportion of DWI-positive patients with atypical presentations, identifying clinical factors predicting DWI positivity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with suspected TIA/minor stroke (NIHSS<5) undergoing MRI at our comprehensive stroke centre from March 2020-February 2021. We identified pre- dictors of DWI positivity using logistic regression.ResultsOf 1615 patients, 442 DWI-positive, 39% had atypical presentations including 20% with progres- sive symptom onset. Atypical symptoms common in DWI-positive patients included headache(17%), unsteadiness(15%), positive sensory symptoms(11%), presyncope(10%), confusion(9%) and vertigo(8%). Symptoms independently associated with DWI-positivity included weakness(OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01-1.67), dysarthria(OR 2.06, CI 1.56-2.70), and ataxia (OR 3.75, CI 2.27-6.20). Fluctuating symptoms(22%) predicted DWI positivity(OR 1.37, CI 1.00-1.81), but sudden onset(80%) did not (OR 1.05, CI 0.80-1.38). Risk factors associated with DWI positivity included increasing age(OR 1.01/year, CI 1.01-1.02), hypertension (OR 1.70, CI 1.30-2.22), diabetes(OR 1.44, CI 1.07-1.93), and smoking(OR 1.68, CI 1.19-2.39). DWI-positive patients had significantly more risk factors (mean 2.65 vs 1.95 p=<0.001).ConclusionsOver one-third with DWI-confirmed TIA/minor stroke present atypically. The value of atypical symptoms in excluding ischaemia, particularly in patients with vascular risk factors, appears limited.
098 The prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) in Scotland
Authors: Swallow Diane , Counsell Carl 
Published: August 2022

Background and ObjectivesWe estimated the point prevalence of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) at regional and national levels in Scotland, UK as there are few high- quality prevalence studies of these conditions.MethodsNationally, multiple methods of case ascertainment were used including clinician and nurse specialist referral, searches of ICD-10 diagnostic coding in routinely collected electronic health data (Scottish Morbidity Record), and patient self-referral. In one region we also searched GP databases and unselected hospital correspondence. Cases were verified by clinical examination or medical record review. National and regional total and age-sex stratified crude prevalence rates on 31st December 2018 were calculated.ResultsThe regional crude point prevalence was 4.28 per 100,000 (95% CI 2.90, 6.31) for PSP, and 2.05 per 100,000 (95% CI 1.17, 3.59) for CBS. The national crude prevalence rates were lower due to the greater reliance on passive case ascertainment. There were no clear sex differences in the prevalence rates and peak prevalence was in the 70-79 age-group.DiscussionThe prevalence rates of PSP and CBS were similar to previous estimates with little change over the past 20 years.
Cavernomas: a randomised effectiveness (CARE) trial: treatment with versus without neurosurgery for symptomatic brain cavernoma
Authors: Harkness Kirsty , Kinsella Elaine , Wade Julia , Kitchen Neil , Salman Rustam Al-Shahi ,   CARE pilot trial collaboration
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesWe are conducting a feasibility and pilot phase randomised controlled trial (RCT) to address the top uncertainty about cavernomas, does treatment with surgery (neurosurgery or stereotactic radio- surgery) improve outcome, compared to treatment without surgery?MethodsFeasibility study and pilot phase, parallel group,pragmatic RCT involving ~60 participants. Par- ticipants are randomised 1:1 to treatment with surgery or treatment without surgery. The primary clinical outcome is symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage or new persistent focal neurological deficit. Collabora- tors keep screening logs capturing characteristics of patients screened, eligible,approached, consented and randomised. A Quinte T recruitment intervention is evaluating screening logs and audio recordings of recruitment discussions and interviews with recruiters and patients.ResultsThe first site opened in August 2021.14 (47%) of our target of 30 sites are currently active.Six sites are pending activation. The first patient was recruited in September 2021.on 14 January, of 35 patients screened,17 (49%) were approached to assess eligibility, 10 (29%) were eligible, and three (9% of those screened and 5% of the n=60 target ) were randomised.ConclusionsWe are grateful to neurologists for supporting this multidisciplinary collaboration to demons- trate the feasibility of resolving the top uncertainty about brain cavernoma in a definitive main phase trial.
126 The provision of anti-CD20 therapy in inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the CNS during SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Smedley Imogen , O’Riordan Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesAnti-CD20 therapy for inflammatory demyelinating CNS disorders increases SARS-CoV-2 incidence and severity, demonstrating the value of vaccination in this group. Low vaccine seroconver- sion is observed in those on anti-CD20 therapy. A 12-week interval following anti-CD20 infusion before vaccination and a 2-4-week interval following vaccination before infusion is recommended. Patients are eligible for a third dose and booster. Infusions are given 6-monthly. This schedule cannot be followed without treatment delays, forcing prescribers to prioritise vaccination versus risk of disease progression. We aimed to assess the provision of these recommendations in NHS Tayside by quantifying SARS-CoV-2 incidence and severity.MethodsAll patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy for inflammatory demyelinating CNS disorders were included. SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence was quantified, severity was measured by engagement with secondary care. Vaccine uptake and treatment delays were measured.Results66 patients were included. 51 received ocrelizumab (27 RRMS, 24 PPMS). 15 received rituximab(8 NMOSD, 3 NMOSD/MS overlap, 4 RRMS). 13 patients contracted COVID. 5 patients required hospital admission. 2 had COVID-pneumonitis associated respiratory failure requiring HDU admission. 2 contracted COVID while unvaccinated. Only 3 had received 4 vaccine dosages, 2 of which tested positive due to PCR screening pre-infusion.33 (67.3%) patients had treatment delays receiving infusions greater than 6-months apart.ConclusionsPatients receiving anti-CD20 therapy for inflammatory CNS disorders have been complex to manage during the pandemic. Guidance regarding a third primary dosage came late in the pandemic.