bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
009 Asymmetric peri-optic cerebrospinal fluid space distension in cluster headache
Authors: Farag Mena , Yeung Joshua Au , Heller Simon , Virgo Jonathan , Childs Lucy , Oliver Rupert 
Published: August 2022

Distension of the optic nerve sheath is a typical neuroimaging finding seen associated with elevated intracranial pressure and a hallmark MRI feature of papilloedema. Cases of asymmetric and unilateral papilloedema have been reported though the pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear and may be multifactorial.We present a patient in her mid-thirties with episodic cluster headaches with left peri-optic nerve cerebro- spinal fluid (CSF) sheath distension identified on MRI head and orbits. No obstructive lesion was identified at the orbital apex. Optical coherence tomography revealed bilateral mild symmetrical subclinical optic nerve thinning. Optic nerve function, assessed with acuity, Ishihara colour vision and Goldman perimetry, was normal bilaterally. CSF opening pressure measured 23.5 cm H2O and constituents were bland.To our knowledge, this is the first description of asymmetric peri-optic CSF space distension in cluster headache with ipsilateral clinical and radiological phenomena. The findings raised the possibility of an asymmetric presentation of elevated intracranial pressure. Our patient, however, had no clinical or other radiological features suggestive of this. The radiological findings ipsilateral to our patient’s cluster headaches raises the difficult question about a causal relationship or simply a mere coincidence between the clinical and radiological picture.
033 Extracranial-tumor cerebri
Authors: Heller Simon , Obholzer Rupert , Wong Sui 
Published: August 2022

Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (PTCS) is the condition of raised intracranial pressure without a focal intracranial lesion. We present a patient with PTCS caused by an extracranial paraganglioma obstruct- ing his right internal jugular vein. This affected his intracranial venous drainage from his dominant right sided venous drainage; his left transverse and sigmoid sinus were hypoplastic. He experienced sympto- matic relief from acetazolamide, a temporising lumbar puncture and significant improvement following debulking surgery of the paraganglioma.CSF dynamics is more than the classical model of production in the choroid plexus and drainage through the arachnoid granulations. Increasingly we understand the role of nasal lymphatics via the cribriform plate and dural lymphatics via the glymphatic system. However, drainage via the arachnoid granulations and dural venous sinuses is still crucial.Papilloedema has a complex aetiology. Axonal transport stasis and pial-septal blood supply disruption secondary to raised ICP only tell part of the story. There is not free flow between the intracranial CSF and subarachnoid space of the optic nerve; raised ICP likely leads to compartmentalisation of the CSF around the optic nerve. Subsequent aggregation of a toxic milieu may contribute to optic disc oedema.Timely management of intracranial pressure is critical to preserve visual function.
Evaluation of MDS-PSP diagnostic criteria in a combined behavioural neurology and atypical parkinsonism service
Authors: Leahy Christopher , Jones Matthew , Thompson Jennifer , Kobylecki Christopher 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundRecent diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) by the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) operationalise recently recognised subtypes, beyond the ‘classical’ Richardson phenotype (PSP-RS): predominant parkinsonism (PSP-P), predominant gait freezing (PSP-PGF), and frontal-cognitive- behavioural presentations (PSP-F).AimsTo evaluate the proportion of patients fulfilling MDS compared with previous NINDS-SPSP criteria; to establish the number of patients fulfilling operationalised subtypes criteria; and to explore the evolution of PSP subtypes.MethodsA retrospective case note review study of 201 patients clinically diagnosed with PSP in a combined behavioural neurology and movement disorders service over a 10-year period.ResultsOf 201 patients at first presentation, 187 met MDS-PSP criteria (157 probable, 8 possible, 22 sug- gestive) compared with 152 for NINDS-SPSP criteria. The number of probable PSP patients fulfilling opera- tionalised subtype criteria were: 125 PSP-RS, 111 PSP-P, 5 PSP-PGF, and 37 PSP-F. Notably, 100 patients met criteria for more than one subtype.ConclusionMDS criteria allowed earlier PSP diagnosis than NINDS-SPSP criteria and captured a range of phenotypic subtypes. Further analysis will address the issue of determining subtype predominance and will explore the natural history of PSP phenotypes, with particular reference to frontal-cognitive- behavioural presentations.
053 Brainshuttle AD: Investigating safety, tolerability, and PK/PD of RG6102 in prodromal/mild-to-moderate AD
Authors: Kulic Luka , Vogt Annamarie , Alcaraz Fabien , Barrington Philip , Marchesi Maddalena , Klein Gregory , Croney Ruth , Agnew David , Abrantes João A , Svoboda Hanno 
Published: August 2022

RG6102 is a bispecific 2+1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) under development for the treatment of Alz- heimer’s disease (AD). It combines the anti-amyloid beta antibody gantenerumab with a transferrin receptor 1-binding “Brain Shuttle” module, enabling active receptor-mediated transport across the blood–brain barrier.In preclinical studies, RG6102 has shown superior distribution, target engagement and amyloid plaque clearance compared with gantenerumab. In a human Phase Ia study, there was a markedly increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma ratio for RG6102 compared with typical mAbs.Brainshuttle AD is a 28-week, randomised, global, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel- group Phase Ib/IIa study evaluating the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics/phar- macodynamics (PK/PD) of RG6102. Multiple-ascending intravenous doses of RG6102 are administered every 4 weeks to patients with prodromal or mild-to-moderate AD. The study consists of a screening period, a double-blind treatment period and a safety follow-up period.The primary objective is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of RG6102. Secondary outcome measures include the change from baseline in brain amyloid load, plasma and CSF concentration of RG6102 and incidence of anti-drug antibodies to RG6102. Exploratory endpoints include the clinical effect of multiple doses of RG6102 on clinical outcome measures and on various PD biomarkers.Recruitment for Brainshuttle AD is currently ongoing.
055 Assessment of MACE cognitive screener using efficiency indexes
Authors: Larner Andrew 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo calculate the efficiency index (EI), a recently described metric based on test accuracy and inaccuracy, for dementia diagnosis using the mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (MACE), and to compare this with balanced EI (BEI) and unbiased EI (UEI), based on balanced and unbiased accuracy and inaccuracy measures respectively. All efficiency indexes have boundary values of 0 and ∞; inflection point at 1; where value >1 indicates correct diagnostic classification and <1 indicates incorrect classification.ResultsUsing the dataset from a large (N = 755) prospective pragmatic study of MACE, in which 114 patients received criterion diagnosis of dementia, EI was 2.81 at the optimal MACE cut-off (≤20/30, deter- mined by maximal Youden index). BEI was 4.24 and UEI was 0.61 at this cut-off. Plotting values of EI, BEI, and UEI across the range of MACE cut-offs (≤11/30 to ≤29/30), UEI values were lowest, EI values were highest at lower cut-offs and BEI values were highest at higher cut-offs. Adjusting for dementia prevalence (fixed BEI), both EI and UEI values increased with dementia prevalence, with EI>UEI.ConclusionsEfficiency indexes are easily calculatedThese unitary metrics may have greater utility than others in communicating risk of correct diagnosis versus misdiagnosis of test outcomes.
Exposure to noise and ototoxic chemicals in the Australian workforce
Authors: Lewkowski Kate , Heyworth Jane S , Li Ian W , Williams Warwick , McCausland Kahlia , Gray Corie , Ytterstad Elinor , Glass Deborah C , Fuente Adrian , Si Si , Florath Ines , Fritschi Lin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the current prevalence of exposure to workplace noise and ototoxic chemicals, including co-exposures.MethodA cross-sectional telephone survey of nearly 5000 Australian workers was conducted using the web-based application, OccIDEAS. Participants were asked about workplace tasks they performed and predefined algorithms automatically assessed worker’s likelihood of exposure to 10 known ototoxic chemicals as well as estimated their full shift noise exposure level (LAeq,8h) of their most recent working day. Results were extrapolated to represent the Australian working population using a raked weighting technique.ResultsIn the Australian workforce, 19.5% of men and 2.8% of women exceeded the recommended full shift noise limit of 85 dBA during their last working day. Men were more likely to be exposed to noise if they were younger, had trade qualifications and did not live in a major city. Men were more likely exposed to workplace ototoxic chemicals (57.3%) than women (25.3%). Over 80% of workers who exceeded the full shift noise limit were also exposed to at least one ototoxic chemical in their workplace.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that exposures to hazardous noise and ototoxic chemicals are widespread in Australian workplaces and co-exposure is common. Occupational exposure occurs predominantly for men and could explain some of the discrepancies in hearing loss prevalence between genders.
Value of core for reservoir and top-seal analysis for carbon capture and storage projects
Authors: Worden Richard H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiatives to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions are being planned in many countries, including offshore settings in the UK. To start with, almost all of these initiatives have utilized core that was originally collected to help with oil and gas exploration, appraisal and development projects. The objectives of core-based studies for CCS are subtly different to those for oil and gas studies. There are several significant reasons why core should be valued in CCS projects. Data from core provide a chance to calibrate lithology and porosity interpretations made from wireline logs that are used to characterize the subsurface and populate geocellular models. Permeability-related attributes, especially directional permeability (
k
v
and
k
h
) and relative permeability in CO
2
–water mixed fluid systems, are essential to predict CO
2
injection rates and CO
2
movement patterns in the reservoir and can only be acquired from core. Although many geomechanical data, necessary to undertake safe injection of CO
2
and avoid induced fracturing, can be acquired from wireline logs, borehole imaging and downhole tests, core samples from the reservoir and top-seal are required to reveal tensile strength and to calibrate elastic and other geomechanical properties acquired from logs. Top-seal performance is critical for carbon capture and storage; core samples from top-seals are the best way to determine capillary entry pressure and so define the maximum CO
2
column height and possible CO
2
leakage rates. The possibility of dissolution reactions between formation water, acidified by high pressure CO
2
, and minerals in both the reservoir and top-seal is best assessed by detailed petrographic and mineralogical study of core samples and a combination of modelling and core flow-through experiments. In summary, core is essential to CCS projects to determine CO
2
storage efficiency, CO
2
injection rates and the optimum way to safely store CO
2
.
SHARP: An Adaptable, Energy-Efficient Accelerator for Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Aminabadi Reza Yazdani , Ruwase Olatunji , Zhang Minjia , He Yuxiong , Arnau Jose-Maria , González Antonio 
Published: August 2022

The effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for tasks such as Automatic Speech Recognition has fostered interest in RNN inference acceleration. Due to the recurrent nature and data dependencies of RNN computations, prior work has designed customized architectures specifically tailored to the computation pattern of RNN, getting high computation efficiency for certain chosen model sizes. However, given that the dimensionality of RNNs varies a lot for different tasks, it is crucial to generalize this efficiency to diverse configurations.
In this work, we identify adaptiveness as a key feature that is missing from today’s RNN accelerators. In particular, we first show the problem of low resource utilization and low adaptiveness for the state-of-the-art RNN implementations on GPU, FPGA, and ASIC architectures. To solve these issues, we propose an intelligent tiled-based dispatching mechanism for increasing the adaptiveness of RNN computation, in order to efficiently handle the data dependencies. To do so, we propose Sharp as a hardware accelerator, which pipelines RNN computation using an effective scheduling scheme to hide most of the dependent serialization. Furthermore, Sharp employs dynamic reconfigurable architecture to adapt to the model’s characteristics.
Sharp achieves 2×, 2.8×, and 82× speedups on average, considering different RNN models and resource budgets, compared to the state-of-the-art ASIC, FPGA, and GPU implementations, respectively. Furthermore, we provide significant energy reduction with respect to the previous solutions, due to the low power dissipation of Sharp (321 GFLOPS/Watt).
FDA Approval Summary: Nivolumab for the Adjuvant Treatment of Adults with Completely Resected Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer and Residual Pathologic Disease
Authors: Horiba M. Naomi , Casak Sandra J. , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi S. , Roy Pourab , Beaver Julia A. , Pazdur Richard , Kluetz Paul G. , Lemery Steven J. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The FDA approved nivolumab on May 20, 2021, for the adjuvant treatment of completely resected (negative margins) esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer (EC/GEJC) in patients who had residual pathologic disease following chemoradiotherapy. The approval was based on data from the double-blind CheckMate 577 trial, which randomly allocated patients to receive nivolumab or placebo. Disease-free survival (DFS) was the primary endpoint. At the time of the final DFS analysis and the prespecified interim overall survival (OS) analysis, the estimated median DFS was 22.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.6–34.0] in the nivolumab arm versus 11.0 months (95% CI, 8.3–14.3) in the placebo arm, with an HR of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.56–0.85; two-sided P value = 0.0003). An unblinded review of OS did not indicate a detrimental effect on survival. Adverse reactions occurring in ≥20% of patients receiving nivolumab were fatigue/asthenia, diarrhea, nausea, rash, musculoskeletal pain, and cough. Approval of nivolumab is likely to change the treatment paradigm for the adjuvant treatment of patients with completely resected (negative margins) EC/GEJC who have residual pathologic disease following chemoradiotherapy based on the study results and favorable risk:benefit of nivolumab administration.
Taking the Road Less Traveled: Following Molecular Trail Markers
Authors: Veneziani Ana C. , Oza Amit M. 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Targeted therapy largely remains an unmet therapeutic need for low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. However, recent advances in molecular characterization are beginning to change the landscape. A recent article highlights the association of genetic alterations with clinical outcomes, widening the scope of novel targeted therapies.
See related article by Manning-Geist et al., p. 4456
Some Problems with Talking about ‘Septuagint Greek’
Authors: Ross William A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
While all agree that the language of the Septuagint does not represent a Jewish dialect, scholarship has nevertheless struggled to find ways of discussing the language of the Septuagint without implying a similar idea. Just as the notions of “biblical Greek” and “Jewish Greek” have rightly come under scrutiny, so also must scholars carefully reconsider “Septuagint Greek” and similar sobriquets. While admittedly helpful shorthand, such terminology may unintentionally license—or surreptitiously import—prescriptivist approaches to language that are now widely abandoned in linguistic scholarship. This article presents the ancient historical background to such approaches and surveys problematic terminology common within contemporary scholarship to illustrate its links (or lack thereof) with developments in general linguistics. More up-to-date frameworks, particularly from sociolinguistics, provide better concepts and terminology for discussing the language of the Septuagint. Attention is also given to evaluating the absence of external evidence and matters of style.
Renewed perspectives on the sedentary-pelagic last common bilaterian ancestor
Authors: Martynov Alexander V. , Korshunova Tatiana A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various evaluations of the last common bilaterian ancestor (lcba) currently suggest that it resembled either a microscopic, non-segmented motile adult; or, on the contrary, a complex segmented adult motile urbilaterian. These fundamental inconsistencies remain largely unexplained. A majority of multidisciplinary data regarding sedentary adult ancestral bilaterian organization is overlooked. The sedentary-pelagic model is supported now by a number of novel developmental, paleontological and molecular phylogenetic data: (1) data in support of sedentary sponges, in the adult stage, as sister to all other Metazoa; (2) a similarity of molecular developmental pathways in both adults and larvae across sedentary sponges, cnidarians, and bilaterians; (3) a cnidarian-bilaterian relationship, including a unique sharing of a bona fide Hox-gene cluster, of which the evolutionary appearance does not connect directly to a bilaterian motile organization; (4) the presence of sedentary and tube-dwelling representatives of the main bilaterian clades in the early Cambrian; (5) an absence of definite taxonomic attribution of Ediacaran taxa reconstructed as motile to any true bilaterian phyla; (6) a similarity of tube morphology (and the clear presence of a protoconch-like apical structure of the Ediacaran sedentary Cloudinidae) among shells of the early Cambrian, and later true bilaterians, such as semi-sedentary hyoliths and motile molluscs; (7) recent data that provide growing evidence for a complex urbilaterian, despite a continuous molecular phylogenetic controversy. The present review compares the main existing models and reconciles the sedentary model of an urbilaterian and the model of a larva-like lcba with a unified sedentary(adult)-pelagic(larva) model of the lcba.
Tongzhi Sovereignty: Taiwan’s lgbt Rights Movement and the Misplaced Critique of Homonationalism
Authors: Chen-Dedman Adam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This essay reviews the influential work of a group of Leftist ‘sex liberation’ scholars who pioneered queer sexuality studies in Taiwan in the 1990s. In doing so, it focuses on their post-2000 political rift with the mainstream Taiwanese lgbt (tongzhi) rights movement. What ostensibly began as a split over views of same-sex marriage has developed into a contentious politics of Chinese versus Taiwanese national identity and what I call ‘tongzhi sovereignty’. In bringing together both national identity and sexual politics in Taiwan as increasingly intertwined sites of contestation, I argue that the two must be theorised in tandem. As a fertile site for unpacking this contentious divergence, I examine and problematise the way that cultural theorist Jasbir Puar’s popular concept of homonationalism has circulated in scholarship of cultural/sexuality studies about Taiwan as a slanted and largely unchecked analytic to criticise lgbt sociolegal progress and, for some scholars, obscures a pro-unification agenda.
Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue by biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized using Carpobrotus edulis fruit (sour fig) extract
Authors: Madiehe Abram M , Moabelo Koena L , Modise Keletso , Sibuyi Nicole RS , Meyer Samantha , Dube Admire , Onani Martin O , Meyer Mervin 
Published: August 2022

Along with the increasing requirement for efficient organic conversions using green chemistry, there is a need to develop highly efficient and eco-friendly catalytic reaction systems. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based nanocatalysts are promising candidates for the reduction of environmental pollutants, such as nitroaromatics and dyes. This study reports on the green synthesis of AuNPs using Carpobrotus edulis (C. edulis) fruit aqueous extract (CeFE) and their catalytic activities. The CeFE induced rapid reduction of gold (III) salt to form monodispersed and spherical AuNPs, with a core and hydrodynamic sizes of 40 and 108.7 nm, respectively. CeFE alone had no effect on 4-nitrophenol, whereas incubation with methylene blue (MB) caused reduction of the peak at 665 nm. Addition of CeFE-AuNPs in the presence of NaBH4, caused the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-AP, and MB to leucoMB within 10 min. These reactions followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. Therefore, biogenic CeFE-AuNPs could be used for the elimination of noxious environmental pollutants.
Prognostic impact of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations in patients with AML in first remission treated with oral azacitidine
Authors: Döhner Hartmut , Wei Andrew H. , Roboz Gail J. , Montesinos Pau , Thol Felicitas R. , Ravandi Farhad , Dombret Hervé , Porkka Kimmo , Sandhu Irwindeep , Skikne Barry , See Wendy L. , Ugidos Manuel , Risueño Alberto , Chan Esther T. , Thakurta Anjan , Beach C.L. , Lopes de Menezes Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 QUAZAR AML-001 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01757535) evaluated oral azacitidine (Oral-AZA) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first remission after intensive chemotherapy (IC) who were not candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to Oral-AZA 300 mg or placebo for 14 days per 28-day cycle. We evaluated relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patient subgroups defined by NPM1 and FLT3 mutational status at AML diagnosis and whether survival outcomes in these subgroups were influenced by presence of post-IC measurable residual disease (MRD). Gene mutations at diagnosis were collected from patient case report forms; MRD was determined centrally by multiparameter flow cytometry. Overall, 469 of 472 randomized patients (99.4%) had available mutational data; 137 patients (29.2%) had NPM1 mutations (NPM1mut), 66 patients (14.1%) had FLT3 mutations (FLT3mut; with internal tandem duplications [ITD], tyrosine kinase domain mutations [TKDmut], or both), and 30 patients (6.4%) had NPM1mut and FLT3-ITD at diagnosis. Among patients with NPM1mut, OS and RFS were improved with Oral-AZA by 37% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.98) and 45% (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.84), respectively, vs placebo. Median OS was improved numerically with Oral-AZA among patients with NPM1mut whether without MRD (48.6 months vs 31.4 months with placebo) or with MRD (46.1 months vs 10.0 months with placebo) post-IC. Among patients with FLT3mut, Oral-AZA improved OS and RFS by 37% (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.35-1.12) and 49% (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95), respectively, vs placebo. Median OS with Oral-AZA vs placebo was 28.2 months vs 16.2 months, respectively, for patients with FLT3mut and without MRD and 24.0 months vs 8.0 months for patients with FLT3mut and MRD. In multivariate analyses, Oral-AZA significantly improved survival independent of NPM1 or FLT3 mutational status, cytogenetic risk, or post-IC MRD status.