bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The resilience of the Etherington–Hubble relation
Authors: Renzi Fabrizio , Hogg Natalie B , Giarè William 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The Etherington reciprocity theorem, or distance duality relation (DDR), relates the mutual scaling of cosmic distances in any metric theory of gravity where photons are massless and propagate on null geodesics. In this paper, we make use of the DDR to build a consistency check based on its degeneracy with the Hubble constant, H0. We parametrize the DDR using the form η(z) = 1 + ϵz, thus only allowing small deviations from its standard value. We use a combination of late-time observational data to provide the first joint constraints on the Hubble parameter and ϵ with percentage accuracy: H0 = 68.6 ± 2.5 km s−1 Mpc−1 and $\epsilon = 0.001^{+0.023}_{-0.026}$. We build our consistency check using these constraints and compare them with the results obtained in extended cosmological models using cosmic microwave background data. We find that extensions to Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) involving massive neutrinos and/or additional dark radiation are in perfect agreement with the DDR, while models with non-zero spatial curvature show a preference for DDR violation, i.e. ϵ ≠ 0 at the level of ∼1.5σ. Most importantly, we find a mild 2σ discrepancy between the validity of the DDR and the latest publicly available Cepheid-calibrated Type Ia supernova (SNIa) constraint on H0. We discuss the potential consequences of this for both the Etherington reciprocity theorem and the H0 tension.
Numerical study of cosmic ray confinement through dust resonant drag instabilities
Authors: Ji Suoqing , Squire Jonathan , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the possibility of cosmic ray (CR) confinement by charged dust grains through resonant drag instabilities (RDIs). We perform magnetohydrodynamic particle-in-cell simulations of magnetized gas mixed with charged dust and cosmic rays, with the gyro-radii of dust and GeV CRs on ∼au scales fully resolved. As a first study, we focus on one type of RDI wherein charged grains drift super-Alfvénically, with Lorentz forces strongly dominating over drag forces. Dust grains are unstable to the RDIs and form concentrated columns and sheets, whose scale grows until saturating at the simulation box size. Initially perfectly streaming CRs are strongly scattered by RDI-excited Alfvén waves, with the growth rate of the CR perpendicular velocity components equaling the growth rate of magnetic field perturbations. These rates are well-predicted by analytic linear theory. CRs finally become isotropized and drift at least at ∼vA by unidirectional Alfvén waves excited by the RDIs, with a uniform distribution of the pitch angle cosine μ and a flat profile of the CR pitch angle diffusion coefficient Dμμ around μ = 0, without the ‘90○ pitch angle problem.’ With CR feedback on the gas included, Dμμ decreases by a factor of a few, indicating a lower CR scattering rate, because the backreaction on the RDI from the CR pressure adds extra wave damping, leading to lower quasi-steady-state scattering rates. Our study demonstrates that the dust-induced CR confinement can be very important under certain conditions, e.g. the dusty circumgalactic medium around quasars or superluminous galaxies.
Could We See the End of Tobacco Being Sold in Bars and Pubs in New Zealand?
Authors: Marsh Louise , Iosua Ella , Quigg Robin , Brillinger Julia , Venter Noeleen , Wood Sarah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Disallowing the sale of tobacco wherever alcohol is consumed is one policy option to help achieve Smokefree 2025. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of selling tobacco in New Zealand (NZ) on-license premises and explore attitudes toward the sale of tobacco.

Methods
A sample of managers of on-license premises were asked by telephone about the importance of tobacco to their business, advantages and disadvantages of selling tobacco, and the impact of not being able to sell tobacco in the future. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between on-license characteristics and selling status and importance scores, respectively.

Results
Of on-license premises, 6.5% (95% CI: 5.3, 8.0) sold tobacco; 17.4% (95% CI: 14.0, 21.4) of hotels, 17.5% (95% CI: 13.8, 21.9) of taverns, and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.6, 3.2) of restaurants. Both retailer type and population density were associated with selling status. On-licenses were more likely to rate tobacco as “unimportant” (51.7%) to their business than “important” (30.0%), although premises where the closest tobacco retailer was at least 1 km away were associated with a higher score. Similar proportions of businesses were opposed to (45.7%) and supported (47.2%) the policy of removing all tobacco sales from on-license premises.

Conclusion
Few on-license premises in NZ sell tobacco. Most retailers would support transitioning out of selling tobacco before the 2025 Smokefree goal, and they believed ending sales of tobacco would not negatively affect their business. However, businesses and customers in rural areas may be more affected than others.

Implications
Many countries have tobacco-free goals, with several still developing their endgame strategies to achieve these goals. This study provides NZ and other jurisdictions with evidence useful in the development of such strategies. Having on-license alcohol retailers transition out of sales of tobacco would contribute to a reduction in tobacco availability. Moreover, the results of this study suggest that, in part due to declining tobacco sales and increased thefts, such a policy is likely to have the support of retailers. Policy developers should note, however, the potential for different impacts where the distance to the closest tobacco retailer is over 1 km or in rural areas.
Daily Cannabis Use Is a Barrier to Tobacco Cessation Among Tobacco Quitline Callers at 7-Month Follow-up
Authors: Goodwin Renee D , Shevorykin Alina , Carl Ellen , Budney Alan J , Rivard Cheryl , Wu Melody , McClure Erin A , Hyland Andrew , Sheffer Christine E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Cannabis use is increasing among cigarette smokers in the United States. Prior studies suggest that cannabis use may be a barrier to smoking cessation. Yet, the extent to which this is the case among adults seeking to quit tobacco use remains unclear. Tobacco quitlines are the most common provider of no-cost treatment for adults who use smoke in the United States. This study investigated the association between cannabis use and smoking cessation outcomes among quitline callers.

Aims and Methods
Participants included callers to the New York State Smokers’ Quitline, who were seeking to quit smoking cigarettes and were contacted for outcome assessment 7 months after intake. Thirty-day point prevalence abstinence rates were calculated and compared among cannabis use groups, based on frequency of past-30-day cannabis use at baseline (none: 0 days, occasional: 1–9 days, regular: 10–19 days, and daily: 20–30 days).

Results
Approximately 8.3% (n = 283) of participants (n = 3396) reported past-30-day cannabis use at baseline. Callers with daily cannabis use (20–30 days per month) had significantly lower odds of 30-day abstinence, relative to those who did not use cannabis (odds ratio = 0.5; 95% confidence interval [0.3, 0.9]).

Conclusions
Daily cannabis use appears to be associated with poorer smoking cessation treatment outcomes among adults seeking to quit smoking cigarettes via a quitline. Because quitlines are among the most accessible, affordable, and frequently utilized community-based treatments available in the United States, and the prevalence of cannabis use is increasing among cigarette smokers, detailed inquiry into cannabis use might enhance cigarette smoking cessation outcomes.

Implications
Quitlines are free of cost and accessible to millions of smokers in the United States. The current study found an inverse relationship between daily cannabis use at baseline and 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking at 7-month follow-up among New York State Smokers’ Quitline callers. Findings suggest that daily cannabis use may be a barrier to smoking cessation and sustained abstinence among those seeking help to stop smoking cigarettes.
Archaeology, Linguistics, and Early Histories of Nigeria
Authors: Weise Constanze 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe chapter provides a brief survey of the major research developments in archaeology, linguistics, and the early history of Nigeria. It focuses on some important cultural areas, such as the northeast around the Lake Chad and the Hausa speaking region, the Niger and Benue valleys in central Nigeria, the southwest with the Yoruba–Edo cultural complex, and the southeast with the primary region today inhabited by the Igbo people. In addition to available archaeological and linguistic data and written Arabic texts, special attention is also given to oral traditions, material culture, and ritual, as these elements provide additional layers of historical memory shaping the historical trajectory of this region.
Nigerian Diplomacy, Foreign Relations, and International Entanglements
Authors: Falola Toyin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Nigeria's pursuit of foreign policies and international relations beyond the shores of Africa. It recounts how Nigeria played a major role in the decolonization efforts of individual African countries, with Africa at its foreign policy center. It also discusses Nigeria's Afrocentric foreign policy, although its international relationships extended beyond Africa. The chapter analyzes Nigeria's immediate post-independence foreign policy that was rooted in colonial ties with Great Britain, wherein the country was favorably disposed towards the United Nations (UN) and the Commonwealth of Nations' activities. It traces the decades that ended the twentieth century, which saw Nigeria's continued African involvement and marked the beginning of its gradual withdrawal from deep concerns for other African countries.
Abolition, Legitimate Commerce, and Christianity in Nigeria
Authors: Olukoju Ayodeji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The history of Nigeria in the nineteenth century was dominated by the collapse of Old Oyo, the rise of the Sokoto Caliphate in the north and Ibadan in the southwest, the abolition of the trans-Atlantic Slave Trade (TAST), the institution of legitimate commerce in forest produce, Christian missionary evangelization, and the beginnings of British colonialism. This essay examines how three conjoined events—the Abolition, legitimate commerce, and Christianity—shaped Nigeria’s history during the long nineteenth century, culminating in British colonial rule. It highlights the role of the abolition of TAST and British attitudes in sustaining domestic slavery, the contribution of the Abolition and the institution of legitimate commerce to the British colonization of Nigeria, and the differential impact of Christianity and formal education on regions and communities across Nigeria.
Culture, Attention, and Mental Health: Recent Empirical Findings on Visual Scenes and Its Influence on Culture-Bound Syndromes
Authors: Masuda Takahiko , Lee Hajin , Russell Matthew J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Under the rubric of interdependent versus independent social orientation and holistic versus analytic cognition, cultural psychologists have demonstrated that there are substantial cultural variations in social cognition. Empirical evidence converges to demonstrate that, in a society where interdependent social orientation and holistic cognition have historically developed, people are more prone to attend to target information, while being sensitive to the context, relationship, and situation that surround the target (context-oriented attention). However, in a society where independent social orientation and analytic cognition have historically developed, people are more prone to attend to what they think is the most salient and important information, while paying little attention to its context, relationship, and situation (object-oriented attention). Until recently, the applications of these findings in the field of mental health science have not been fully discussed. This chapter begins by reviewing the theoretical framework and the cognitive and neural empirical evidence that demonstrate cultural variations in attention. It then introduces a series of studies that examine cross-cultural variations in stress perception between people in independent versus interdependent social orientation. Finally, it reviews a strand of research that could be considered one of many important candidates to further advance basic research on attention to more applied research in the field of mental health, which includes taijinkyofusho (TKS), hikikomori (social withdrawal)/NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) common in Japan, versus social phobia common in North America. The chapter ends with a discussion of a possible collaboration between cultural neuroscience and mental health science.
An International Perspective on Disability Social
Policy
Authors: Bruyère Susanne M. , Saleh Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Disability has been a constant throughout human history; however, responses to disability vary greatly across time and social context. Modern international momentum to standardize certain baseline policies under human-rights principles are underway, but nation-level differences in disability policy and implementation are still the rule, rather than the exception. The philosophy underpinning policy development as well as resulting mechanisms can contribute to a stigmatizing and patronizing picture of people with disabilities and their ability to determine their own destinies and meaningfully contribute to society. This chapter provides a global overview of the development, structure, and function of disability policy across societies, focusing on select commonalities in the development of targeted disability policies, as well as challenges and future directions. The chapter emphasizes the development and interrelationship of core concepts in disability policy that have emerged in national contexts around the globe, such as disability benefits programs, disability employment efforts and services, nondiscrimination frameworks, and independent living and healthcare security. Many differ in practice and implementation, but also have important similarities worth highlighting. The chapter describes how policies have been shaped across different national contexts, and the ways in which social and cultural context influence philosophy and design. Differences in policy development and implementation for nations based on important factors, such as cultural attitudes, income level, and level of industrialization, are highlighted.
Social Control, Punishment, and Disability in the
United States
Authors: Fernandes April D. , Kurdyla Victoria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the intersections between social control, punishment, and disability, focusing on the lived experiences of people with disabilities within these systems and institutions. In the sphere of social control in the United States, disability represents a challenge to the processes, procedures, and policies of the agents and institutions tasked with custody and control. As individuals traverse the continuum of contact, from police interactions to court adjudication to incarceration, the role of both visible and invisible disabilities is salient to the experiences within the systems of social control as well the barriers to a successful reentry. The chapter engages with the expansive literature on social control and punishment, as well as the growing scholarship on the consequences of police and legal system contact and incarceration. Such involvement with the legal system has the potential to increase inequality by limiting access to essential markers of economic and social mobility and stability, from employment and housing to health and civil participation. Building on the theoretical traditions of intersectionality, crip theory, and critical race and feminist frameworks, this chapter takes an intersectional approach, investigating these relationships through the lens of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, and gender identity to more fully understand the ways in which disability in the legal and prison systems complicates the narrative of punishment. Analyzing disability along the continuum of contact is essential to a broader understanding of the stratifying effects of these systems, and the creation and maintenance of entrenched and enduring inequalities.
Evidence of the Creative Process in Early Music
Authors: Owens Jessie Ann 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The investigation of musical creativity in early music proceeds largely through three approaches. One involves the study of surviving composer autographs and other evidence of musical composition. These material remains can shed light on the genesis of music that has been preserved in written form. This approach, however, cannot account for kinds of musical creativity that do not involve writing. An important new set of investigations deals with cultural practices, such as the widespread use of improvisation in performance and pedagogy or the role of memory. A third approach that is proving promising is the study of the music itself for evidence of its genesis by specialists with a deep understanding of specific repertories and associated music theoretical writing.
The Impact of the US Drug War on People of Color
Authors: Roberts Samuel K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter surveys three facets of the US war on drugs and its effects on communities of color. The first is how sentencing reforms from the 1960s on (mandatory minimums, stronger punitive drug laws) contributed to the rise of today’s mass incarceration crisis. Second is what scholars term the “collateral effects” of the drug war, including material impacts on wealth and assets, structural effects on communities of color (such as social punishments beyond prison), and health impacts, including psychological trauma to families and children. The third problem is its impact on Black politics: the post-Civil Rights generation of mayors and officials governed over declining urban enclaves, paradoxically responsible, with little dissent, for enforcing damaging drug policies. Federal drug policy emphasized zero-tolerance, drug testing, and abstinence, and thereby stigmatized the formation of citizens as “addicts,” which proved devastating to Black public health at the start of the 1980s HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Forbidden Drugs of the Colonial Americas
Authors: Nesvig Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines various plants native to the Americas which had hallucinogenic, psychotropic, or narcotic qualities, including, but not limited to, peyote, hallucinogenic mushrooms, ayahuasca, and morning glory seeds. It analyzes both the traditional roles these drugs played in pre-Hispanic cultures as well as the hybrid sociocultural functions such drugs came to perform in the early Spanish and Portuguese colonial period of the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries. While many such drugs were criminalized (famously by the Inquisition in the case of peyote), their use in fact moved beyond Indigenous peoples to some creoles and for a variety of purposes: in shamanist ritual; in personal divination; in practical attempts to discern future events or to locate lost or stolen items; in love magic; and as medicine. In the multi-ethnic contexts of the Americas, these drugs played surprisingly diverse and shifting roles.
Send Off
Authors: Zaritt Jesse 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Questioning how queer, Jewish diasporic yearnings produce new forms of identity and belonging, this chapter traces the author’s research to consider how solo dance performance can dismantle (without disavowal) relationships to family, history, Jewishness, and Israel. An interrogation of dance within the complex political realities of Israel reveals how the development of a movement practice is the embodiment of a political practice. Gaga—the training method developed by Ohad Naharin—and the work of Yasmeen Godder are central to the research. Through examining tensions between compliance, pleasure, and defiance, and through analysis of dancing that lives at the edges of ecstasy and incoherence, this chapter seeks to place the nameable alongside the unnameable, describing a dance practice that moves beyond settled categories of identity. An auto-theory of self-critique and destabilized affiliation, the chapter honors the accumulating knowledge embedded in the dancing body as central to evolving fields of creative scholarship.
NATO’s Role in Responsible AI Governance in Military Affairs
Authors: Stanley-Lockman Zoe , Trabucco Lena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores a role for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the emerging military artificial intelligence (AI) governance architecture. As global powers compete for capabilities that AI can offer, NATO has the challenging task of recalibrating strategic relationships in the coming years. NATO has begun to recognize technological change as a necessary variable and, in turn, adapt its organizational composition and strategy to increase the Alliance’s capacity to meet emerging security challenges. As NATO bodies and Allies prepare for the impact of AI on future military operations, NATO has its own responsibility to steward AI in ways that promote harmonization among Allies and advance the NATO mission. Toward this effort, the chapter highlights two governance mechanisms within NATO’s competency—strategic and policy planning, and standards and certification—as practices that exemplify NATO’s power to shape the trajectory of technological development. We operationalize these governance tools by examining the three pillars that are particularly challenging for AI governance: ethics and values, legal norms, and safety and security. Within each pillar, we examine NATO’s facilitation of strategic policy planning and standards and certification to emerge as a leader in establishing responsible technological development and, ultimately, a more secure international security environment. This chapter finds there is space for NATO to pursue its agenda to maintain technological superiority not just to protect and defend its way of life, but to build on AI governance pillars to steward military innovation on a responsible trajectory.
Bonaventure and Dionysius
Authors: Tobon Monica 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBonaventure, known as the ‘Seraphic Doctor’, has been described as ‘the most Dionysian mind of the Middle Ages’. Believing Dionysius to have been taught by Paul himself, he regarded him as the supreme authority on contemplation, and the Dionysian vision of creation as the ecstatic outpouring of divine eros and its return to God through hierarchically mediated reciprocal ecstasy was well suited to his desire to forge a distinctive Franciscan theological and spiritual synthesis centred on the ecstatic person of St Francis. He had access to various translations of the Dionysian corpus including one of unknown authorship possessed, and considered authoritative, by the first Franciscan school. This essay argues that, like Eriugena and Gallus, he reads Dionysius correctly rather than eisegetically in assigning an anagogical role to eros. Dionysian elements are present in every aspect of Bonaventure’s thought and at every stage of his career, and by way of illustration, this essay refers to six key texts whose subject matter ranges from exegesis and systematic theology to ecclesiology and spirituality.