bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Peptide N-Acylpyrroles via Anodically Generated N,O-Acetals
Authors: Malins Lara R. , Lin Yutong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn electrochemical approach to peptide C-terminal N-acylpyrroles is described from readily accessible C-terminal hydroxyproline-containing peptides, prepared via standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (Fmoc-SPPS). Following electrochemical decarboxylation, the reactive hydroxyproline-derived N,O-acetal intermediate is aromatized under mild acidic conditions, which enable concomitant deprotection of amino acid side-chain protecting groups. The resulting peptide N-acylpyrrole is amenable to late-stage peptide modifications, including reduction with NaBH4 to deliver a valuable C-terminal peptide aldehyde motif.
Therapeutic Gases and Inhaled Anesthetics as Adjunctive Therapies in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Gianni Stefano , Valsecchi Carlo , Berra Lorenzo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe administration of exogenous oxygen to support adequate gas exchange is the cornerstone of respiratory care. In the past few years, other gaseous molecules have been introduced in clinical practice to treat the wide variety of physiological derangement seen in critical care patients.Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is used for its unique selective pulmonary vasodilator effect. Recent studies showed that NO plays a pivotal role in regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury and it has antibacterial and antiviral activity.Helium, due to its low density, is used in patients with upper airway obstruction and lower airway obstruction to facilitate gas flow and to reduce work of breathing.Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas that acts as a signaling molecule involved in many biologic pathways. CO's anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects are under investigation in the setting of acute respiratory distress and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Inhaled anesthetics are widely used in the operative room setting and, with the development of anesthetic reflectors, are now a valid option for sedation management in the intensive care unit.Many other gases such as xenon, argon, and hydrogen sulfide are under investigation for their neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects in post-cardiac arrest syndrome.With all these therapeutic options available, the clinician must have a clear understanding of the physiologic basis, therapeutic potential, and possible adverse events of these therapeutic gases. In this review, we will present the therapeutic gases other than oxygen used in clinical practice and we will describe other promising therapeutic gases that are in the early phases of investigation.
Use of a Digital Hearing Aid with Directional Microphones in School-aged Children
Authors: Kuk Francis K. , Kollofski Cindy , Brown Sherry , Melum Arla , Rosenthal Amy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of a digital hearing aid with a directional microphone was examined in a school-aged population. Twenty children (9 with a mild-to-moderately-severe hearing loss and 11 with a moderate-to-severe hearing loss) between 71/2 and 132/3 years of age wore the study hearing aids binaurally for 30 days prior to the evaluation. The testing protocol included speech recognition tests using the CID W-22 word lists presented at 72 dB SPL, 65 dB SPL, and 52 dB SPL (at 0° azimuth) in the presence of a 65 dB SPL party noise (180° azimuth). Subjective rating of hearing aid efficacy in the classroom was examined using the Listening Inventory For Education (LIFE) questionnaire. Parental impression on hearing aid efficacy was also collected at the end of the study. The results showed improved speech recognition in noise with the digital directional hearing aid at all presentation levels. Preference for the digital directional hearing aids over the subjects' own omnidirectional analog hearing aids was also seen on the LIFE questionnaire and parental impression. The degree of hearing loss did not seem to have affected the benefits offered by the digital directional hearing aids. These results were compared to results from other studies on the use of directional microphones in hearing aids.
Abbreviations: BTE = behind the ear, CT = compression threshold, Dl = directivity index, HINT = Hearing In Noise Test, LIFE = Listening Inventory For Education, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio, WDRC = wide dynamic range compression
Rotational excitation of NS+ by H2 revisited: A new global potential energy surface and rate coefficients
Authors: Bop C. T. , Kalugina Y. , Lique F. 
Published: May 2022

Due to the lack of specific collisional data, the abundance of NS+ in cold dense interstellar clouds was determined using collisional rate coefficients of CS as a substitute. To better understand the chemistry of sulfur in the interstellar medium, further abundance modeling using the actual NS+ collisional rate coefficients is needed. For this purpose, we have computed the first full 4D potential energy surface of the NS+–H2 van der Waals complex using the explicitly correlated coupled cluster approach with single, double, and non-iterative triple excitation in conjunction with the augmented-correlation consistent-polarized valence triple zeta basis set. The potential energy surface exhibits a global minimum of 848.24 cm−1 for a planar configuration of the complex. The long-range interaction energy, described using multipolar moments, is sensitive to the orientation of H2 up to radial distances of ∼50 a0. From this new interaction potential, we derived excitation cross sections, induced by collision with ortho- and para-H2, for the 15 low-lying rotational levels of NS+ using the quantum mechanical close-coupling approach. By thermally averaging these data, we determined downward rate coefficients for temperatures up to 50 K. By comparing them with the previous NS+–H2 data, we demonstrated that reduced dimensional approaches are not suited for this system. In addition, we found that the CS collisional data underestimate our results by up to an order of magnitude. The differences clearly indicate that the abundance of NS+, in cold dense clouds retrieved from observational spectra, must be reassessed using these new collisional rate coefficients.
Input-specific control of interneuron numbers in nascent striatal networks
Authors: Sreenivasan Varun , Serafeimidou-Pouliou Eleni , Exposito-Alonso David , Bercsenyi Kinga , Bernard Clémence , Bae Sung-Eun , Oozeer Fazal , Hanusz-Godoy Alicia , Edwards Robert H. , Marín Oscar 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Brain function requires appropriate numbers of different neuronal subtypes, but how these numbers are established remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a key role for the cerebral cortex in remotely controlling interneuron survival and thus establishing appropriate numbers of the two main types of interneurons in another brain region, the striatum. While cortical pyramidal cells directly control the survival of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons, the survival of cholinergic interneurons is indirectly controlled through the activity of the striatal medium spiny neurons. Our results demonstrate that the input-specific modulation of neuronal activity is universally required to control the survival of interneurons across very different brain circuits. This is important for the assembly of balanced neural networks.
Proton-coupled electron transfer of macrocyclic ring hydrogenation: The chlorinphlorin
Authors: Sun Rui , Liu Mengran , Zheng Shao-Liang , Dogutan Dilek K. , Costentin Cyrille , Nocera Daniel G. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceThe chemical reduction of unsaturated bonds occurs by hydrogenation with H2as the reductant. Conversely, in biology, the unavailability of H2engenders the typical reduction of unsaturated bonds with electrons and protons from different cofactors, requiring olefin hydrogenation to occur by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Moreover, the redox noninnocence of tetrapyrrole macrocycles furnishes unusual PCET intermediates, including the phlorin, which is an intermediate in tetrapyrrole ring reductions. Whereas the phlorin of a porphyrin is well established, the phlorin of a chlorin is enigmatic. By controlling the PCET reactivity of a chlorin, including the use of a hangman functionality to manage the proton transfer, the formation of a chlorinphlorin by PCET is realized, and the mechanism for its formation is defined.
An approach for evaluating the effects of dietary fiber polysaccharides on the human gut microbiome and plasma proteome
Authors: Delannoy-Bruno Omar , Desai Chandani , Castillo Juan J. , Couture Garret , Barve Ruteja A. , Lombard Vincent , Henrissat Bernard , Cheng Jiye , Han Nathan , Hayashi David K. , Meynier Alexandra , Vinoy Sophie , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Marion Stacey , Heath Andrew C. , Barratt Michael J. , Gordon Jeffrey I. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceDietary fibers contain complex mixtures of biomolecules, making it difficult to develop/test hypotheses about how different fiber-types impact different components of the human gut microbiome and how microbiome changes that they produce are linked to human physiology. Here, we analyze microbiome and plasma proteome responses to consumption of two fiber-enriched snacks in two human studies. We use a variety of computational methods to correlate their effects on gut microbiome genes encoding enzymes that degrade complex fiber-associated polysaccharides, the microbial products of polysaccharide degradation, and plasma proteins representing diverse physiological processes. This approach can be used to guide the design of fiber-containing snacks that more precisely manipulate microbiome features in ways that improve nutritional and health status.
Thermal hysteresis of magnetization in NiFe/IrMn exchange-biased ferromagnet
Authors: Talantsev Artem , Bakhmetiev Maxim , Morgunov Roman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Magnetization reversal in NiFe/IrMn exchange-biased thin films was investigated under thermal cycling in an external magnetic field, applied opposite to the direction of the exchange bias field. Thermal hysteresis of magnetization accompanied by changes in magnetization polarity was observed in the applied field close to the exchange bias value. This effect appears when thermally induced variations of the exchange bias exceed the corresponding variations in coercivity. The amplitude of magnetization reversal in NiFe/IrMn structures exceeds ∼100 times the corresponding amplitude in spin-crossover molecular compounds. The observed bistability of the magnetic state, revealed by thermal hysteresis, gradually disappears with an increase in the number of cooling–heating thermal cycles, that indicates an irreversible quenching of the interfacial magnetization configuration. This effect paves the way for the creation of a new class of switching devices with thermally assisted bistability in the ferromagnetic state.
Observation of Griffiths-like phase in the quaternary Heusler compound NiFeTiSn
Authors: Chatterjee Snehashish , Giri Saurav , Majumdar Subham , Dutta Prabir , Singha Pintu , Banerjee Aritra 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The quaternary Heusler compound NiFeTiSn can be considered to be derived from the exotic pseudogap-compound Fe2TiSn by the replacement of one Fe atom by Ni. In contrast to Fe2TiSn, which shows a disorder induced ferromagnetic phase, the ground state of NiFeTiSn is antiferromagnetic with the signature of spin canting. Interestingly, NiFeTiSn shows a Griffiths-like phase characterized by isolated ferromagnetic clusters before attaining the antiferromagnetic state. The Griffiths-like phase is possibly associated with the antisite disorder between Fe and Ti sites as evident from our powder x-ray diffraction study. The compound also shows rather unusual temperature dependence of resistivity, which can be accounted by the prevailing structural disorder in the system. NiFeTiSn turned out to be a rare example where Griffiths-like phase is observed in a semiconducting 3d transition metal based intermetallic compound with antiferromagnetic ground state.
Assessing the optical configuration of a structured light scanner in metrological use
Authors: Schild Leonard , Sasse Fabian , Kaiser Jan-Philipp , Lanza Gisela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Structured light scanners for three-dimensional surface acquisition (SL scanners) are increasingly used for dimensional metrology. The optical configuration of SL scanners (focal length and baseline distance) influences the triangulation process, on which the scanners’ measurement principle relies. So far, only a limited number of studies has investigated the optical configuration’s influence on the accuracy of a SL scanner. To close this gap, this work presents a design of experiment in which the optical configuration of a SL scanner is systematically varied and its influence on the accuracy evaluated. Further, tactile reference measurements allow to separate random from systematical errors, while a special test specimen is used in two different configurations to ensure general applicability of the findings. Thus, this work provides support when designing a SL scanner by highlighting which optical configuration maximizes accuracy.
Virtual experimental activities: a new approach
Authors: Rodrigues M , Carvalho P Simeão 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, students have digital skills that are much larger than any other student in the past. Traditional experiments in a real laboratory are still fundamental, however an increasing number of computers can be used to simulate experiments close to the experimental environment. This can be seen as a great advantage for science learning, as students are more involved with various contexts that are freely available in digital resources but are difficult or not easily reproduced in the real laboratory. In this study we present a new perspective for pedagogical computational simulations to complement and/or support experimental activities at school. We call these simulations virtual experimental activities (VEAs). These are virtual environments that simulate real complex physical phenomena, to be studied by the user (student) from an investigational perspective. With VEAs, teachers can help students develop skills in terms of experimental research and extend the experimental activity beyond the laboratory class. Almost all experimental features and skills can be trained with this type of simulation, except for physical dexterity with real instruments and experimental sets. To complement our exposition, we present a simple VEA as an example to show how it can be used at school.
Young’s modulus determination for a vibrated metal ruler using Arduino
Authors: Phayphung Wissarut , Rakkapao Suttida , Prasitpong Singha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The article introduces a low-cost Arduino sensor into the Young’s modulus determination laboratory for physics university students. A stainless steel ruler is used as a cantilever beam. Its free end attached a mass is slightly bent and released to make it oscillate as a simple harmonic motion. The Arduino sensor detects the moving mass’s frequency at different loaded forces. This technique shows an acceptable value of Young’s modulus for the used ruler.
Development of a novel valve-based piezoelectric ultrasonic pump using a Langevin vibrator
Authors: Pan Qiaosheng , Jiang Haiyang , Zhang Yifang , Li Ruijun , Huang Bin , Huang Qiangxian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new principle valve-based piezoelectric ultrasonic pump (VPUP) consisting of a Langevin vibrator, compound ultrasonic horn (CUH) and valve was designed, fabricated and tested. The Langevin vibrator and CUH are cylindrical structures with a through-hole, which serves as a flow channel and a chamber. The valve is made of titanium alloy and fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing technology. It has two types of cross-sectional shapes: bridge type (Valve-1) and double-bridge type (Valve-2). A model diagram of the pumping principle of the VPUP illustrates that the pumping principle is divided into two processes: stepping and dripping. Liquid shear and surface tension play important roles in liquid transport. In this study, the dripping process of liquid was filmed. Two VPUP prototypes respectively equipped with Valve-1 (VPUP-1) and Valve-2 (VPUP-2) were fabricated. Experimental results showed that the flow rate of VPUP-2 was about 125% of that of VPUP-1, which verified the correctness of the Valve-2 for more favourable stepping and dripping processes. VPUP-2 produced a maximum flow rate of 5.562 ml min−1 under sinusoidal excitation at 440 Vpp and 35.783 kHz.
The quadratic convective flow of Williamson nanofluid with multiple diffusions
Authors: Patil P M , Benawadi Sunil 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present work will characterize the heat and mass transport phenomena in the nonlinear combined convective Williamson nanoliquid flow along with the moving plate in a continuously moving parallel free stream. The nonlinear thermal radiation and diffusions of chemical species such as liquid Nitrogen and liquid Ammonia are also considered in this analysis. The physical problem is modelled mathematically as a set of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations with suitable boundary conditions. The governing equations are expressed in the dimensionless form by utilizing non-similar transformations. Further, we employ the Quasilinearization technique and implicit finite difference scheme for numerical computation. The results are discussed with the aid of graphs and tables. The drag coefficient, rates of heat and mass transports are pronounced more for higher values of nonlinear convection, while reverse behaviour can be observed for the Williamson parameter. Moreover, the mass transfer rate for liquid Ammonia is approximately 22% more than that of liquid Nitrogen. So obtained numerical results in this analysis are compared with previously published works and achieved an excellent agreement.
Correlations of Stokes parameters under parametric scattering in a lossy crystal and ghost imaging based on them
Authors: Chirkin Anatoly S , Singh Ranjit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A quantum theory of parametric scattering is developed for the generation of bright light in an optically nonlinear crystal with lossy. The mean values and variances of the Stokes parameters of the scattered field, as well as their mutual correlations have been calculated. For this purpose we have used the method of separation of correlated and uncorrelated parts in the Bose operators with crystal fluctuations associated with lossy. The results obtained are used to implement ghost imaging of scattering object, the properties of which are described by the Mueller matrix; the features of the scheme under consideration is discussed.
Spherical quantum dot in modified Kratzer–Coulomb potential: study of optical rectification coefficients
Authors: Li Xuechao , Chang Ceng , Ma Yongrui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We consider the effects of quantum dot radius, confinement potential depth and controllable effective mass on the optical rectification coefficient (ORC) in spherical quantum dots, which is confined with Modified Kratzer–Coulomb Potential (MKCP). Using the Nikiforov–Uvarov method and compact density matrix theory, the ground state energy, ORC and wave function of electrons under the combined action of many factors are calculated. The results show that they affect the optical rectification response from different angles, including the position of peak and formant.
Measurements of absolute, SI-traceable lunar irradiance with the airborne lunar spectral irradiance (air-LUSI) instrument
Authors: Woodward J T , Turpie K R , Stone T C , Gadsden S A , Newton A , Maxwell S E , Grantham S E , Larason T C , Brown S W 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The airborne lunar spectral irradiance (air-LUSI) instrument is designed to make low uncertainty measurements of the lunar spectral irradiance from an ER-2 aircraft from altitudes above 95% of the atmosphere. Measurements cover the visible and near infrared spectral region (350 nm to 1050 nm) and are traceable to the international system of units. Five demonstration flights were conducted in November 2019 at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center. During that campaign, air-LUSI measured the spectral irradiance at lunar phase angles ranging from 10° to 60°. This work provides an overview of the air-LUSI instrument, the lunar irradiance measurements made during demonstration flights, a description of our calibration approach, and summary of the uncertainty budget. Based on the flight results and laboratory measurements, we estimate the instrument is capable of measuring lunar irradiance, propagated to the top-of-the atmosphere, with combined standard uncertainty of 1% (k = 1) or less over the spectral region from 450 nm to 980 nm. An examination of the uncertainty budget leads to a path forward toward potentially achieving uncertainties of 0.6% in lunar irradiance over much of the spectral range for future flights.
Optimal regularizations for data generation with probabilistic graphical models
Authors: Fanthomme A , Rizzato F , Cocco S , Monasson R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the role of regularization is a central question in statistical inference. Empirically, well-chosen regularization schemes often dramatically improve the quality of the inferred models by avoiding overfitting of the training data. We consider here the particular case of L
2 regularization in the maximum a posteriori (MAP) inference of generative pairwise graphical models. Based on analytical calculations on Gaussian multivariate distributions and numerical experiments on Gaussian and Potts models we study the likelihoods of the training, test, and ‘generated data’ (with the inferred models) sets as functions of the regularization strengths. We show in particular that, at its maximum, the test likelihood and the ‘generated’ likelihood, which quantifies the quality of the generated samples, have remarkably close values. The optimal value for the regularization strength is found to be approximately equal to the inverse sum of the squared couplings incoming on sites on the underlying network of interactions. Our results seem to be robust against changes in the structure of the ground-truth underlying interactions that generated the data, when small fluctuations of the posterior distribution around the MAP estimator are taken into account, and when L
1 regularization is considered (instead of L
2). Connections with empirical works on protein models learned from homologous sequences are discussed.
Research on Emergency Cooperative Scheduling Model and Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Chao , Tang Zheng-e 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn view of the sudden increase of the demand of emergency supplies in the downstream of the emergency supply chain which is caused by the impact of emergencies, the paper proposes a coordinated emergency scheduling method because it is impossible to simply rely on the capacity of emergency supplies in the upstream of the supply chain. In this paper, we analysed the structure of the emergency collaborative supply chain system, and the nonlinear model of multi-region collaborative emergency dispatching is established is the paper. Finally, the corresponding genetic algorithm is designed to solve the key collaborative problem.
Experimental research on WEDM of copper tungsten alloy based on orthogonal test
Authors: Li Wenming , Li Zhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
WEDM is an important process method for machining copper tungsten alloy electrode. Using orthogonal experiment, range analysis and variance analysis, the influence of pulse width, peak current and servo voltage on the material removal rate in WEDM of copper tungsten alloy was studied. The parameter combination was optimized under the maximum material removal rate. The results show that after the duty cycle is set, the degree of influence on material removal rate is as follows: peak current, servo voltage and pulse width. Ton 50μs, IP 12A and SV 8V, the maximum material removal rate is 25.28 mm2/min, which has an important theoretical guidance for the realization of rapid and efficient WEDM processing of copper tungsten alloy electrode.