bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing four decades of snow cover dynamics in the Hindu Kush Himalaya
Authors: Naegeli K. , Franke J. , Neuhaus C. , Rietze N. , Stengel M. , Wu X. , Wunderle S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKnowledge about the distribution and dynamics of seasonal snow cover (SSC) is of high importance for climate studies, hydrology or hazards assessment. SSC varies considerably across the Hindu Kush Himalaya both in space and time. Previous studies focused on regional investigations or the influence of snow melt on the local hydrological system. Here, we present a systematic assessment of metrics to evaluate SSC dynamics for the entire HKH at regional and basin scale based on AVHRR GAC data at a 0.05° spatial and daily temporal resolution. Our findings are based on a unique four-decade satellite-based time series of snow cover information. We reveal strong variability of SSC at all time scales. We find significantly decreasing SSC trends in individual summer and winter months and a declining tendency from mid-spring to mid-fall, indicating a shift in seasonality. Thanks to this uniquely spatio-temporally resolved long-term data basis, we can particularly highlight the unique temporally variable character of seasonal snow cover and its cross-disciplinary importance for mountain ecosystems and downstream regions.
Influence of the properties of different graphene-based nanomaterials dispersed in polycaprolactone membranes on astrocytic differentiation
Authors: Mantecón-Oria Marián , Tapia Olga , Lafarga Miguel , Berciano María T. , Munuera Jose M. , Villar-Rodil Silvia , Paredes Juan I. , Rivero María J. , Diban Nazely , Urtiaga Ane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractComposites of polymer and graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) combine easy processing onto porous 3D membrane geometries due to the polymer and cellular differentiation stimuli due to GBNs fillers. Aiming to step forward to the clinical application of polymer/GBNs composites, this study performs a systematic and detailed comparative analysis of the influence of the properties of four different GBNs: (i) graphene oxide obtained from graphite chemically processes (GO); (ii) reduced graphene oxide (rGO); (iii) multilayered graphene produced by mechanical exfoliation method (Gmec); and (iv) low-oxidized graphene via anodic exfoliation (Ganodic); dispersed in polycaprolactone (PCL) porous membranes to induce astrocytic differentiation. PCL/GBN flat membranes were fabricated by phase inversion technique and broadly characterized in morphology and topography, chemical structure, hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, and electrical properties. Cellular assays with rat C6 glioma cells, as model for cell-specific astrocytes, were performed. Remarkably, low GBN loading (0.67 wt%) caused an important difference in the response of the C6 differentiation among PCL/GBN membranes. PCL/rGO and PCL/GO membranes presented the highest biomolecule markers for astrocyte differentiation. Our results pointed to the chemical structural defects in rGO and GO nanomaterials and the protein adsorption mechanisms as the most plausible cause conferring distinctive properties to PCL/GBN membranes for the promotion of astrocytic differentiation. Overall, our systematic comparative study provides generalizable conclusions and new evidences to discern the role of GBNs features for future research on 3D PCL/graphene composite hollow fiber membranes for in vitro neural models.
Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs as potential biomarkers for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Kim Hyojin , Eun Shin , Jeong Woo-Jin , Ahn Soon-Hyun , Bae Yun Jung , Lee Joong Seob , Kim Heejin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare malignancy that transforms from PA. Early detection of the carcinoma by biopsy is difficult due to similar histopathology of the malignant and benign components. To address this, we investigated and compared the characteristic miRNA expression patterns across samples of the PA, carcinomatous portions (CA) of CXPA, as well as conventional PA. We selected 13 CXPA and 16 conventional PA FFPE samples, separated the PA and CA portions of CXPA samples and conducted miRNA profiling for each group. Among 13 transcripts that were differentially expressed between PA and CA of CXPA, eight miRNAs were up-regulated and five down-regulated in CA. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the up-regulated miRNAs were related to cancer progression and down-regulated ones to tumor suppression. Additionally, seven miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in PA of CXPA compared to conventional PA, although they are histopathologically similar. Almost all of these transcripts interacted with TP53, a well-known tumor suppressor. In conclusion, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in PA and CA of CXPA, which were closely associated with TP53 and various cancer-related pathways. We also identified differentially expressed miRNAs in the PA of CXPA and conventional PA which may serve as potential biomarkers.
The effects of facilitatory and inhibitory kinesiotaping of Vastus Medialis on the activation and fatigue of superficial quadriceps muscles
Authors: Ataabadi Peyman Aghaie , Abbasi Ali , Shojaatian Mohsen , Letafatkar Amir , Svoboda Zdenek , Rossettini Giacomo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate how facilitatory and inhibitory KT of the Vastus Medialis affected the activation and the fatigue indices of VM, Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Rectus Femoris (RF) throughout a dynamic fatigue protocol. Seventeen collegiate athletes (Ten males, seven females, age: 24.76 ± 3.99 years, height: 1.73 ± 0.10 m, mass: 68.11 ± 8.54 kg) voluntarily participated in four dynamic fatigue protocol sessions in which no-tape (control condition), inhibitory, facilitatory and sham KTs were applied to the Vastus Medialis in each session. The protocol included 100 dynamic maximum concentric knee extensions at 90°/s using an isokinetic dynamometry device. The knee extensor muscle activities were recorded using wireless surface electromyography. The average muscle activity (Root mean square) during the first three repetitions and the repetitions number of 51–100, respectively, were used to calculate the before and after exhaustion muscle activity. Furthermore, median frequency slope during all repetitions was reported as the fatigue rate of muscles during different KT conditions and for the control condition (no-tape). The results showed neither muscle activation (significance for the main effect of KT; VM = 0.82, VL = 0.72, RF = 0.19) nor fatigue rate (significance for the main effect of KT; VM = 0.11 VL = 0.71, RF = 0.53) of the superficial knee extensor muscles were affected in all four conditions. These findings suggest that the direction of KT cannot reduce, enhance muscle activity or cause changes in muscle exhaustion. Future studies should investigate the generalizability of current findings to other populations.
Multilevel artificial electronic synaptic device of direct grown robust MoS2 based memristor array for in-memory deep neural network
Authors: Naqi Muhammad , Kang Min Seok , liu Na , Kim Taehwan , Baek Seungho , Bala Arindam , Moon Changgyun , Park Jongsun , Kim Sunkook 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith an increasing demand for artificial intelligence, the emulation of the human brain in neuromorphic computing has led to an extraordinary result in not only simulating synaptic dynamics but also reducing complex circuitry systems and algorithms. In this work, an artificial electronic synaptic device based on a synthesized MoS2 memristor array (4 × 4) is demonstrated; the device can emulate synaptic behavior with the simulation of deep neural network (DNN) learning. MoS2 film is directly synthesized onto a patterned bottom electrode (Pt) with high crystallinity using sputtering and CVD. The proposed MoS2 memristor exhibits excellent memory operations in terms of endurance (up to 500 sweep cycles) and retention (~ 104) with a highly uniform memory performance of crossbar array (4 × 4) up to 16 memristors on a scalable level. Next, the proposed MoS2 memristor is utilized as a synaptic device that demonstrates close linear and clear synaptic functions in terms of potentiation and depression. When providing consecutive multilevel pulses with a defined time width, long-term and short-term memory dynamics are obtained. In addition, an emulation of the artificial neural network of the presented synaptic device showed 98.55% recognition accuracy, which is 1% less than that of software-based neural network emulations. Thus, this work provides an enormous step toward a neural network with a high recognition accuracy rate.
Twin spotlight beam generation in quadratic crystals
Authors: Jauberteau Raphaël , Wehbi Sahar , Mansuryan Tigran , Tonello Alessandro , Baronio Fabio , Krupa Katarzyna , Wetzel Benjamin , Wabnitz Stefan , Couderc Vincent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOptical rogue waves have been extensively studied in the past two decades. However, observations of multidimensional extreme wave events remain surprisingly scarce. In this work we present the experimental demonstration of the spontaneous generation of spatially localized two-dimensional beams in a quadratic nonlinear crystal, which are composed by twin components at the fundamental and the second-harmonic frequencies. These localized spots of light emerge from a wide background beam, and eventually disappear as the laser beam intensity is progressively increased.
Recognizing Voices Through a Cochlear Implant: A Systematic Review of Voice Perception, Talker Discrimination, and Talker Identification
Authors: Colby Sarah , Orena Adriel John 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Some cochlear implant (CI) users report having difficulty accessing indexical information in the speech signal, presumably due to limitations in the transmission of fine spectrotemporal cues. The purpose of this review article was to systematically review and evaluate the existing research on talker processing in CI users. Specifically, we reviewed the performance of CI users in three types of talker- and voice-related tasks. We also examined the different factors (such as participant, hearing, and device characteristics) that might influence performance in these specific tasks.

Design:
We completed a systematic search of the literature with select key words using citation aggregation software to search Google Scholar. We included primary reports that tested (a) talker discrimination, (b) voice perception, and (c) talker identification. Each report must have had at least one group of participants with CIs. Each included study was also evaluated for quality of evidence.

Results:
The searches resulted in 1,561 references, which were first screened for inclusion and then evaluated in full. Forty-three studies examining talker discrimination, voice perception, and talker identification were included in the final review. Most studies were focused on postlingually deafened and implanted adult CI users, with fewer studies focused on prelingual implant users. In general, CI users performed above chance in these tasks. When there was a difference between groups, CI users performed less accurately than their normal-hearing (NH) peers. A subset of CI users reached the same level of performance as NH participants exposed to noise-vocoded stimuli. Some studies found that CI users and NH participants relied on different cues for talker perception. Within groups of CI users, there is moderate evidence for a bimodal benefit for talker processing, and there are mixed findings about the effects of hearing experience.

Conclusions:
The current review highlights the challenges faced by CI users in tracking and recognizing voices and how they adapt to it. Although large variability exists, there is evidence that CI users can process indexical information from speech, though with less accuracy than their NH peers. Recent work has described some of the factors that might ease the challenges of talker processing in CI users. We conclude by suggesting some future avenues of research to optimize real-world speech outcomes.
Psycholinguistic Considerations for Adapting the Cantonese Version of Comprehensive Aphasia Test (Cant-CAT): A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kong Anthony Pak-Hin , Ng Cindy Yee-Ting 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT) is an extensive and standardized battery to evaluate linguistic and cognitive impairments as well as psychosocial deficits among people with aphasia (PWA). Currently, the CAT has not been adapted into any Asian languages. We aimed to conduct a feasibility study on developing a Cantonese version of CAT (i.e., Cant-CAT), summarize the adaptation process, and elucidate preliminary measurement properties of the test in speakers with and without aphasia.

Method:
The CAT was translated into Chinese and modified with careful control of the psycholinguistic variables specific to Cantonese. The preliminary version of the Cant-CAT was tested among eight healthy middle-age native Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong and six chronic PWA. The PWA were also administered the Cantonese version of Western Aphasia Battery (CAB) to determine its agreement with the Cant-CAT.

Results:
The mildly impaired PWA subgroup performed significantly better than the moderate group in most of the subtests in the Cant-CAT and CAB. The PWA with a higher mean score in the CAB subtests (i.e., Comprehension, Naming, Repetition, Reading, and Writing) also scored higher in the corresponding sections of Cant-CAT.

Conclusion:
This study confirmed that the Cant-CAT appears to function as designed and provided the impetus for a large-scale extension to examine test validity and reliability of the battery, and to establish its norms for clinical diagnostics and interpretation.
Flux‐adjusting characteristic analysis and optimization design of variable‐leakage‐flux interior permanent magnet motor
Authors: Liang Jianwei , Liu Dabin , Liu Xiping , Wang Wenrui , Zhu Siting 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel variable‐leakage‐flux interior permanent magnet (VLF‐IPM) motor is proposed, which is a kind of mechanical flux‐adjusting PM motor. The VLF‐IPM motor can obtain the advantages of the IPM motor and overcome the difficulty to adjust PM airgap flux by locating a self‐activating device that is introduced in this paper on the rotor. The effect of the flux barriers on the flux leakage circuit is analysed by establishing a rotor parametric model to clarify the influence of flux barriers of the VLF‐IPM motor on flux‐adjusting performance. Then, the electromagnetic performance of VLF‐IPM motors with different volume ratios of cylindrical permanent magnets (CPMs) and rectangular permanent magnets (RPMs) are compared by using the finite element analysis (FEA) method, and the experiment results show that VLF‐IPM motor with characteristics of 0 < κrc < 1 has more advantages comprehensively. Moreover, a multi‐objective optimization process is adopted based on sensitivity analysis which can reflect the influences of geometric parameters on the optimization objectives including average torque, torque ripple and cogging torque. Then, the Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II(NSGA‐II) is utilised to determine the optimal model. Finally, a prototype is manufactured and tested, and the effectiveness of the novel VLF‐IPM motor and the self‐activating device are verified by the simulation and experiments.
Effect of static/dynamic air‐gap eccentricity on stator and rotor vibration characteristics in doubly‐fed induction generator
Authors: He Yu‐Ling , Dai De‐Rui , Xu Ming‐Xing , Zhang Wen , Tang Gui‐Ji , Wan Shu‐Ting , Sheng Xiao‐Ling , Gerada David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article has conducted a comprehensive study on the stator and rotor vibration characteristics of the doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) in the case of radial air gap eccentricity (RAGE). Differently from other previous studies, this paper not only investigates the vibration characteristics of stator and rotor in radial static air gap eccentricity (RSAGE) and radial dynamic air‐gap eccentricity (RDAGE) fault but also takes the radial hybrid air gap eccentricity (RHAGE) into account. Through theoretical derivation, the detailed expressions of stator magnetic pull per unit area (MPPUA) and rotor unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) are obtained. The finite element analysis (FEA) and experiment based on a two pairs of poles DFIG, and the results are consistent with theoretical calculations. It is shown that RAGE will enlarge the magnitude of stator MPPUA/vibration and rotor UMP/vibration. Specifically, RSAGE will not change the frequency components of stator MPPUA/vibration but will bring new frequency components to rotor UMP/vibration. However, both stator MPPUA/vibration and rotor UMP/vibration will generate new frequency components during RDAGE fault. In addition, the effect of RHAGE is the superposition of RSAGE and RDAGE. The research conclusions obtained in this paper can be used as a supplementary criterion for diagnosing the eccentricity of DFIG.
Super‐spiral sliding mode controller design for single‐winding bearingless switched reluctance motor
Authors: Xie Kai , Yuan Ye , Sun Yukun , Yang Fan , Li Guangjun , Huang Yonghong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe strong coupling effect between the torque system and the suspension system of the single‐winding bearingless switched reluctance motor (SWBSRM) would result in continuous interference to the system and bring difficulties to the design of the control system. Moreover, strong external disturbances will further reduce the stability of the control system. To improve the anti‐disturbance ability and enhance the robustness of the control system of SWBSRM, a design method of the entire control system based on the second‐order sliding mode (SOSM) controllers is proposed. The strongly coupled SWBSRM torque system and suspension system are linearised and decomposed through the feedback linearisation method to benefit the design of SOSM controllers. Then, combined with a super‐spiral algorithm, the super‐spiral sliding mode controllers in the outer loop for torque and suspension system are designed separately. The design of controllers considers the interference caused by the coupling effect and the influence of external disturbance. The range of gain, which can ensure the finite time convergence of the control system is determined through proof of stability. Simulation and experiment results show that the second‐order sliding mode controllers have faster response speed and control precision when suppressing coupled interference and strong external disturbance.
Phytotherapie gegen die Corona-Pandemie – realisierte
Möglichkeiten, verpasste Chancen?
Authors: Stange Rainer 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr drei der Pandemie blicken wir auf zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen
zu einem möglichen präventiven wie therapeutischen Nutzen der
Phytotherapie. Die Mehrzahl beschreibt z.T. sehr hoffnungsvolle
präklinische Effekte. Ein klinischer Nutzen lässt sich derzeit
nur sehr bedingt ableiten. Auf zu füllende Lücken wird
hingewiesen. Der Artikel behandelt bewusst nur solche Pflanzen, die Bestandteil
der Phytotherapie in westlichen Ländern sind.
Auswirkung der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Therapie der nAMD in einer portalbasierten Kooperation
Authors: Rothaus Kai , Kintzinger Kristina , Heimes-Bussmann Britta , Faatz Henrik , Lommatzsch Albrecht Peter 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Unter dem Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie und dem Lockdown in Deutschland kam es zu deutlich weniger Arztbesuchen in fast allen medizinischen Fachdisziplinen. Besonders bei der notwendigen konsequenten Therapie und Kontrolle von nAMD-Patienten kann das weitreichende Folgen für die Sehfunktion gerade bei älteren Patienten haben.
Methode In einer retrospektiven Analyse von nAMD-Patienten wurde die Zahl der Visiten (IVOM oder Kontrolle), der durchgeführten OCT, Anzahl der durchgeführten IVOM und der im Mittel schlechteste Visus für den Zeitraum vor und nach dem Lockdown beim Pandemiebeginn in einer portalbasierten Kooperation von 50 Augenpraxen verglichen. Die Patienten wurden nach einem Pro-re-nata-Schema (PRN) behandelt, das die intravitreale Injektion von VEGF-Hemmern aufgrund von Aktivitätskriterien bei der Befundung einer OCT-Kontrolle vorsieht.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 34 660 Visiten aus 55 Monaten in die Auswertung einbezogen werden. Vor dem Lockdown (16.03.2020) wurden durchschnittlich 81,8% ± 2,1% der Patienten regelmäßig (alle 4 bis 5 Wochen) kontrolliert bzw. behandelt. Mit Beginn des Lockdowns fiel der Anteil optimal therapierter Patienten auf 64,0%. Dabei sank zunächst der Anteil von OCT-Kontrollen von 48,4% auf 30,9% und mit Verzögerung der Anteil der Injektionen von 57,5% auf 45,8%. Dies zeigte sich auch an den werktäglich durchgeführten OCT-Kontrollen: 15,5 vor, 11,4 während und 17,2 nach dem Lockdown (p < 0,001). Bei 29% der Fälle konnte eine individuelle Verschlechterung des Visus um mehr als 0,1 logMAR nach Ende des Lockdowns im Vergleich zu vor dem Lockdown beobachtet werden. Durchschnittlich sank der mittlere Visus um 0,054 logMAR signifikant (p < 10−11). Diese signifikante Verschlechterung stieg im weiteren Beobachtungszeitraum nicht wieder an, obwohl in den folgenden 12 Monaten
die Anzahl der Visiten, Zahl der OCT-Untersuchungen und Zahl der IVOM auf dem Vor-Lockdown-Niveau lagen.
Schlussfolgerungen Der pandemiebedingte Lockdown führte bei nAMD-Patienten unter IVOM-Therapie zu ungewollten Behandlungspausen. Der Rückgang der Visiten sowie der Zahl durchgeführter IVOM verursachte einen Verlust an Sehfunktion im Beobachtungskollektiv. Trotz konsequenter Behandlung von nAMD-Patienten zeigte sich nach Ende des Lockdowns zwar eine sofortige Normalisierung der Anzahl der OCT-Kontrollen und IVOMs, jedoch ein bleibender Verlust an Sehfunktion, der sich in unserem Beobachtungskollektiv 1 Jahr nach Lockdown-Ende nicht verbessert hat. Diese Erkenntnis muss zu einem noch besseren Case-Management und damit einer verbesserten Adhärenz der Patienten bei weiteren Infektionswellen oder anderen Pandemien führen.
Niederschwellige Hilfen
Authors: Kuhlmann Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,Anfang 2020 wurde über die ersten COVID-19-Infizierten in Europa berichtet,
zunächst in Italien, wenige Wochen später im Kreis Heinsberg, dem
ersten s. g. Hotspot in Deutschland. Die schnelle Verbreitung dieser unbekannten
Erkrankung, erste Krankheits- und Todesfälle, begrenzte diagnostische
Möglichkeiten, offene Fragen zu Infektionswegen, Prävention und
Behandlung bei zunehmenden Klinikeinweisungen und Todesfällen – all
das sorgte für tiefgehende Verunsicherung, Ängste, kontroverse
öffentliche Debatten und weitreichende politische Maßnahmen. Diese
betreffen alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche, beruflich und privat.