bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clot-regression effects of rivaroxaban in venous thromboembolism treatment in cancer patients—a prospective interventional study
Authors: Takai Shigeki , Nakanishi Naohiko , Yokota Isao , Imai Kojiro , Yamada Ayumu , Kawasaki Takanori , Kasahara Takeru , Okada Takashi , Sawada Takahisa , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, is effective against venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence without increasing the risk of major bleeding in patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT). However, its clot regression effects are poorly understood. This single-arm, prospective interventional study aimed to investigate the clot regression effects of rivaroxaban in 40 CAT patients, through a contrast-enhanced computed tomography at baseline, 3 weeks, and 3 months of rivaroxaban treatment. The primary endpoint was the clot-regression ratio calculated from the thrombus volumes at 3 weeks and 3 months. Compared with baseline, the total clot volume was significantly reduced at both 3 weeks and 3 months after initiation (p < 0.01). The clot-regression rates were statistically significant with 83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.8–92.3%) at 3 weeks and 98.7% (95% CI, 97.1–100.2%) at 3 months, with complete resolution in 36.1% and 80.8% of patients at 3 weeks and 3 months, respectively. One patient had recurrent VTE after dose reduction, and seven had non-fatal major bleeding. Therefore, rivaroxaban had a sufficient clot-regression effect against CAT with caution of bleeding complication.
Diagnosis of nasal bone fractures on plain radiographs via convolutional neural networks
Authors: Nam Yoonho , Choi Yangsean , Kang Junghwa , Seo Minkook , Heo Soo Jin , Lee Min Kyoung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the performance of deep learning (DL) algorithms in the diagnosis of nasal bone fractures on radiographs and compare it with that of experienced radiologists. In this retrospective study, 6713 patients whose nasal radiographs were examined for suspected nasal bone fractures between January 2009 and October 2020 were assessed. Our dataset was randomly split into training (n = 4325), validation (n = 481), and internal test (n = 1250) sets; a separate external dataset (n = 102) was used. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the DL algorithm and the two radiologists were compared. The AUCs of the DL algorithm for the internal and external test sets were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.86) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78–0.93), respectively, and those of the two radiologists for the external test set were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73–0.87) and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68–0.82). The DL algorithm therefore significantly exceeded radiologist 2 (P = 0.021) but did not significantly differ from radiologist 1 (P = 0.142). The sensitivity and specificity of the DL algorithm were 83.1% (95% CI, 71.2–93.2%) and 83.7% (95% CI, 69.8–93.0%), respectively. Our DL algorithm performs comparably to experienced radiologists in diagnosing nasal bone fractures on radiographs.
Comparison of calling pipelines for whole genome sequencing: an empirical study demonstrating the importance of mapping and alignment
Authors: Betschart Raphael O. , Thiéry Alexandre , Aguilera-Garcia Domingo , Zoche Martin , Moch Holger , Twerenbold Raphael , Zeller Tanja , Blankenberg Stefan , Ziegler Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRapid advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have enabled the conduct of whole genome sequencing (WGS) studies, and several bioinformatics pipelines have become available. The aim of this study was the comparison of 6 WGS data pre-processing pipelines, involving two mapping and alignment approaches (GATK utilizing BWA-MEM2 2.2.1, and DRAGEN 3.8.4) and three variant calling pipelines (GATK 4.2.4.1, DRAGEN 3.8.4 and DeepVariant 1.1.0). We sequenced one genome in a bottle (GIAB) sample 70 times in different runs, and one GIAB trio in triplicate. The truth set of the GIABs was used for comparison, and performance was assessed by computation time, F1 score, precision, and recall. In the mapping and alignment step, the DRAGEN pipeline was faster than the GATK with BWA-MEM2 pipeline. DRAGEN showed systematically higher F1 score, precision, and recall values than GATK for single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and Indels in simple-to-map, complex-to-map, coding and non-coding regions. In the variant calling step, DRAGEN was fastest. In terms of accuracy, DRAGEN and DeepVariant performed similarly and both superior to GATK, with slight advantages for DRAGEN for Indels and for DeepVariant for SNVs. The DRAGEN pipeline showed the lowest Mendelian inheritance error fraction for the GIAB trios. Mapping and alignment played a key role in variant calling of WGS, with the DRAGEN outperforming GATK.
A study of the regional differences in propacetamol-related adverse events using VigiBase data of the World Health Organization
Authors: Jeong Han Eol , Bea Sungho , Yoon Dongwon , Jung Juhong , Park Seung-Mok , Jeon Juhee , Ye Young-Min , Lee Jae-Hyun , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUpon withdrawal of propacetamol, an injectable formulation of the paracetamol prodrug, in Europe due to safety concerns, South Korea’s regulatory body requested a post-marketing surveillance study exploring its safety profile. We characterized regional disparities in adverse events (AE) associated with propacetamol between Asia and Europe using the World Health Organization’s pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase. We performed disproportionality analyses using reporting odds ratios (rOR) and information component (IC) to determine whether five AEs (anaphylaxis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, thrombosis, contact dermatitis/eczema, injection site reaction [ISR]) were associated with propacetamol versus non-propacetamol injectable antipyretics in Asia and Europe, separately. In Asia, there was a high reporting ratio of propacetamol-related ISR (rOR 5.72, 95% CI 5.19–6.31; IC025 1.27), satisfying the signal criteria; there were no reports of thrombosis and contact dermatitis/eczema. Two signals were identified in Europe, with higher reporting ratios for thrombosis (rOR 7.45, 95% CI 5.19–10.71; IC025 1.92) and contact dermatitis/eczema (rOR 16.73, 95% CI 12.48–22.42; IC025 2.85). Reporting ratios of propacetamol-related anaphylaxis were low for Asia and Europe. While signals were found for thrombosis and contact dermatitis/eczema in Europe, these were not detected in Asia. These findings suggest potential ethnic differences in propacetamol-related AEs between Asia and Europe, which could serve as supportive data for future decision-making.
Order−disorder interfaces in a graphitic carbon nitride-nanoclay composite for improved photodynamic antibiotics
Authors: Wang Dongyue , Zhao Qihang , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant microorganisms are a threat to human health. Despite efforts to treat bacterial and fungal infections with photodynamic therapy, it suffers from low light absorption and low singlet oxygen yield. Here, we observe order-disorder interfaces in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) modified by kaolinite nanoclay via polar interactions, decreasing the band gap of g-C3N4. The polar interactions originate from interactions between the basic amine surface moieties and hydrogen-bonding motifs of g-C3N4 and the hydroxyl groups on the nanoclay surface. Surface free energy theory demonstrates that the electron-acceptor displayed by the nanoclay surface could form a couple with g-C3N4 due to its nucleophilic property. The polar interactions accelerate electron transfer, and the nanoclay surface functions as an electron sink due to its polar surface and free energy. This promotes spin-orbit coupling and intersystem crossing resulting in a higher singlet oxygen yield, even in the dark. The graphitic carbon nitride-kaolinite composite showed improved and faster would healing in rat animal models.
Synthesis of bio-derived 1,4-butanediol by succinic acid esterification and hydrogenation over CuFeAl catalysts
Authors: Li Kefan , Yang Jiaming , Song Tongyang , Zhu Zhirong , Zhao Chen , Wu Peng , Li Xiaohong 
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of bio-derived 1,4-butanediol with a 91.2% yield was realized by succinic acid esterification with methanol over phosphotungstic acid, and then one-pot hydrogenation over a Cu1Fe1Al0.5 catalyst in a segmented temperature-controlled manner.
Preeclampsia and syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs)
Authors: Awoyemi Toluwalase , Cerdeira Ana Sofia , Zhang Wei , Jiang Shuhan , Rahbar Maryam , Logenthiran Prassana , Redman Christopher , Vatish Manu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy that affects 2–8% of women worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths and premature birth. PE can occur early in pregnancy (&lt;34 weeks gestation) or late in pregnancy (&gt;34 weeks gestation). Whilst the placenta is clearly implicated in early onset PE (EOPE), late onset PE (LOPE) is less clear with some believing the disease is entirely maternal whilst others believe that there is an interplay between maternal systems and the placenta. In both types of PE, the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), the layer of the placenta in direct contact with maternal blood, is stressed. In EOPE, the STB is oxidatively stressed in early pregnancy (leading to PE later in gestation- the two-stage model) whilst in LOPE the STB is stressed because of villous overcrowding and senescence later in pregnancy. It is this stress that perturbs maternal systems leading to the clinical manifestations of PE. Whilst some of the molecular species driving this stress have been identified, none completely explain the multisystem nature of PE. Syncytiotrophoblast membrane vesicles (STB-EVs) are a potential contributor to this multisystem disorder. STB-EVs are released into the maternal circulation in increasing amounts with advancing gestational age, and this release is further exacerbated with stress. There are good in vitro evidence that STB-EVs are taken up by macrophages and liver cells with additional evidence supporting endothelial cell uptake. STB-EV targeting remains in the early stages of discovery.
In this review, we highlight the role of STB-EVs in PE. In relation to current research, we discuss different protocols for ex vivo isolation of STB-EVs, as well as specific issues involving tissue preparation, isolation (some of which may be unique to STB-EVs), and methods for their analysis. We suggest potential solutions for these challenges.
Celebrating 125 years of the synapse: from Sherrington to the present day
Authors: Stanford S Clare 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This themed collection celebrates 125 years of the synapse through a series of reviews written by a team of international experts in the field. The first in the series explains Sherrington’s contribution to the debate about the term ‘synapse’ and its function in neuronal signaling. The topics that follow cover recent developments in a wide range of topics: new technologies for research of synaptic structure; proteomics and the regulation of synaptic integrity and function; their role in the processing of information in thalamic neuronal circuits; and how genetic mutations can modify synaptic function in ways that can have profound effects on mood, cognition and behaviour.
The Language Profile of Preschool Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and the Relationship With Speech Intelligibility
Authors: Everaert Emma , Selten Iris , Boerma Tessel , Houben Michiel , Vorstman Jacob , de Wilde Hester , Derksen Desiree , Haverkamp Sarah , Wijnen Frank , Gerrits Ellen 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
Young children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) often have impaired language development and poor speech intelligibility. Here, we report a comprehensive overview of standardized language assessment in a relatively large sample of preschool-aged children with 22q11DS. We furthermore explored whether speech ability explained variability in language skills.

Method:
Forty-four monolingual Dutch preschoolers (3–6 years) with a confirmed genetic 22q11DS diagnosis participated in this prospective cohort study. Standardized tests (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-2-NL and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III-NL) were administered. Speech intelligibility was rated by two expert speech and language therapists using a standardized procedure.

Results:
Most children had impaired language skills across all tested domains. The composite score for expressive language was significantly lower than that for receptive language, but the two were strongly correlated. Only small differences between the mean scores on the various subtests were observed, with the lowest scores for expressive morphosyntactic skills. Language scores showed a moderate positive relation with speech intelligibility, but language abilities varied greatly among the children with intelligible speech.

Conclusions:
We show that the majority of preschool children with 22q11DS have a broad range of language problems. Other than the relatively larger impairment in expressive than in receptive language skills, our results do not show a clearly delineated language profile. As many of the children with intelligible speech still had below-average language scores, we highlight that language problems require a broad assessment and care in all young children with 22q11DS. Future research using spontaneous language and detailed speech analysis is recommended, to provide more in-depth understanding of children's language profile and the relationship between speech and language in 22q11DS.
Individual identification method of little sample radiation source based on SGDCGAN+DCNN
Authors: Tang Zhen , Zhang Tao , Du Yihang , Su Jian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAiming at the issues of low individual identification accuracy of radiation sources under the condition of little samples, this paper proposes a way of individual identification of radiation source based on strengthening global deep convolutional generative adversarial network (SGDCGAN) and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to achieve data augmentation. The method first performs IQ map feature splicing processing on the input signal, and then uses DCNN to automatically obtain the deep essential features of the data. Besides, an adaptive improvement is created to the deep convolutional generative adversarial network, and a self‐attention mechanism is introduced into the discriminator and the generator to reinforce the integrity and authenticity of the generated samples. For the common gradient disappearance during model training, the gradient penalty mechanism and spectral normalization are added to make the training process more stable. Through comparison experiments on the collected ADS‐B signals, the experimental results have demonstrated that when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is 0 dB and the number of original samples in each class is 40, the recognition accuracy is improved by 23.6% after doubling the data. Compared with the DCGAN‐DCNN and GAN‐DCNN methods, the recognition accuracy is improved by 3.5% and 4%.
Blind time‐domain motion compensation for synthetic Doppler spectra obtained from an HF‐radar on a floating platform
Authors: Hashemi Sepideh , Shahidi Reza , Gill Eric W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA method for time‐domain motion compensation of high frequency (HF) radar signals for the case of a floating transmitter and fixed receiver is proposed when the motion parameters (including the amplitude and angular frequency of the motion) are not known a priori. In this study, the floating platform is assumed to follow a single‐frequency motion model. Additionally, instead of trying to estimate platform motion parameters from the received motion‐contaminated Doppler spectrum, which is proportional to the observed radar cross‐section of the ocean surface from the floating platform, the motion parameters from the autocorrelation function of the received electric field are estimated, which is related to the received radar cross‐section by application of an inverse temporal Fourier transform. By comparing the locations of the zeros of the autocorrelation function for the fixed antenna case with that for an antenna on a floating platform and finding the zeros associated with the platform motion, the motion parameters are estimated. These parameters are matched with actual motion parameter values, from which the motion‐compensated Doppler spectrum is recovered from the Doppler spectrum of the antenna on a floating platform.
Propagation and imaging analysis of vortex acoustic waves in ocean turbulence
Authors: Shi Hongyin , Liu Shengxin , Guo Jianwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVortex acoustic waves (VAW) with helical phase wavefronts could provide a new dimension for the detection and imaging of targets in the ocean. To explore the propagation characteristics of VAW under the effect of ocean turbulence (OT) and the impact on imaging, the phase screen method is used to simulate the propagation of VAW generated by a phase‐modulated uniform circular array under the effect of OT and the imaging of the target. The phase change and detection probability under the influence of the acoustic wave parameters and OT parameters during the propagation process are studied. Second, the azimuth resolution performance and focussing performance of the target imaging are studied. Under the effect of OT, the VAW of different frequencies and topological modes become scattered, and the degree of scattering is different when the parameters are different; and the resolution performance and focussing performance have also deteriorated. However, the VAW still has a reliable resolution under the effect of medium and low‐intensity OT, which provides theoretical support for the practice of the VAW in underwater target imaging.
Space alternating variational estimation based sparse Bayesian learning for complex‐value sparse signal recovery using adaptive Laplace priors
Authors: Bai Zonglong , Shi Liming , Sun Jinwei , Christensen Mads Græsbøll 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to its self‐regularising nature and its ability to quantify uncertainty, the Bayesian approach has achieved excellent recovery performance across a wide range of sparse signal recovery applications. However, most existing methods are based on the real‐value signal model, with the complex‐value signal model rarely considered. Motivated by the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and the sparse Bayesian learning framework, a hierarchical model with adaptive Laplace priors is proposed in this paper for recovery of complex sparse signals. Moreover, the space alternating approach is integrated into the algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed method. In experiments, the proposed algorithm is studied for complex Gaussian random dictionaries and different types of complex signals. These experiments show that the proposed algorithm offers better recovery performance for different types of complex signals than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Innovative technique for separating proton core, proton beam, and alpha particles in solar wind 3D velocity distribution functions
Authors: De Marco R. , Bruno R. , Jagarlamudi V. Krishna , D’Amicis R. , Marcucci M. F. , Fortunato V. , Perrone D. , Telloni D. , Owen C. J. , Louarn P. , Fedorov A. , Livi S. , Horbury T. 
Published: December 2022

Context.The identification of proton core, proton beam, and alpha particles in solar wind ion measurements is usually performed by applying specific fitting procedures to the particle energy spectra. In many cases, this turns out to be a challenging task due to the overlapping of the curves.Aims.We propose an alternative approach based on the statistical technique of clustering, a standard tool in many data-driven and machine learning applications.Methods.We developed a procedure that adapts clustering to the analysis of solar wind distribution functions. We first tested the method on a synthetic data set and then applied it to a time series of solar wind data.Results.The moments obtained for the different particle populations are in good agreement with the official data set and with the statistical studies available in the literature.Conclusions.Our method is shown to be a very promising technique that can be combined with the traditional fitting algorithms in working out difficult cases that involve the identification of particle species in solar wind measurements.
1.5D non-LTE spectral synthesis of a 3D filament and prominence simulation
Authors: Jenkins J. M. , Osborne C. M. J. , Keppens R. 
Published: December 2022

Context. Overly idealised representations of solar filaments and prominences in numerical simulations have long limited their morphological comparison against observations. Moreover, it is intrinsically difficult to convert simulation quantities into emergent intensity of characteristic, optically thick line cores and/or spectra that are commonly selected for observational study.
Aims. In this paper, we demonstrate how the recently developed Lightweaver framework makes non-‘local thermodynamic equilibrium’ (NLTE) spectral synthesis feasible on a new 3D ab initio magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) filament-prominence simulation, in a post-processing step.
Methods. We clarify the need to introduce filament- and prominent-specific Lightweaver boundary conditions that accurately model incident chromospheric radiation, and include a self-consistent and smoothly varying limb-darkening function.
Results. Progressing from isothermal and isobaric models to the self-consistently generated stratifications within a fully 3D MHD filament-prominence simulation, we find excellent agreement between our 1.5D NLTE Lightweaver synthesis and a popular hydrogen Hα proxy. We computed additional lines including Ca II 8542 alongside the more optically thick Ca II H&K & Mg II h&k lines, for which no comparable proxy exists, and we explore their formation properties within filament and prominence atmospheres.
Conclusions. The versatility of the Lightweaver framework is demonstrated with this extension to 1.5D filament and prominence models, where each vertical column of the instantaneous 3D MHD state is spectrally analysed separately, without accounting for (important) multi-dimensional radiative effects. The general agreement found in the line core contrast of both observations and the Lightweaver-synthesised simulation further validates the current generation of solar filament and prominence models constructed numerically with MPI-AMRVAC.