bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix predict preterm premature rupture of membranes in a high‐risk population?
Authors: Odibo A. O. , Berghella V. , Reddy U. , Tolosa J. E. , Wapner R. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo determine in patients with a cervical length < 25 mm on transvaginal ultrasound if the severity of cervical length shortening can be used to predict preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and the contribution of PPROM to preterm delivery in these patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed asymptomatic singleton pregnancies between 14 and 24 weeks at high risk of preterm delivery by obstetric history and transvaginal cervical length < 25 mm. Cases developing subsequent PPROM were compared with controls for transvaginal sonographic cervical characteristics.ResultsOf 69 patients identified to have a cervical length < 25 mm, 27 (39%) had PPROM, and 42 (61%) did not. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) cervical length was 12.7 ± 8.7 mm and 17.0 ± 7.6 mm in the two groups, respectively (
P = 0.04). Mean ± SD cervical funneling was 57.4 ± 31.4% and 40.0 ± 28.1%, respectively (
P = 0.01). The characteristics most predictive of PPROM were: cervical length of < 10 mm (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 33, 90, 69, and 68%, respectively; odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–17.5) and cervical funneling > 75% (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 33, 93, 75 and 68%, respectively; odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–26.9). Stepwise logistic regression revealed cervical length to be a significant predictor of PPROM (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–14.2).ConclusionIn patients at high risk for preterm delivery because of obstetric history and transvaginal sonographic cervical length < 25 mm, a cervical length < 10 mm and cervical funneling > 75% were most predictive of PPROM. PPROM was the major contributor to preterm delivery in these patients. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Seminar In Practical Management: A practical guide for those involved in office‐based methadone and other prescribing for addiction and pain management
Authors: BYRNE A. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article aims to demonstrate that general practitioners can be involved in dependency treatment including methadone prescription in the normal course of their practice. As long as specialist and hospital support is available for different cases, GPs can look after dependency and chronic pain problems just as they look after schizophrenia, diabetes and depression.
Allocating livers to substance and alcohol misusers
Authors: NEUBERGER JAMES 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe success of liver transplantation for the treatment of patients with end‐stage liver disease has resulted in a widening gap between the number of potential recipients and the numbers of grafts available. Allocation of these scarce resources to people who have developed liver failure as a consequence of their own and often illegal behaviour has attracted much controversy. For patients with alcoholic liver disease, there is relatively little evidence that many patients return to a damaging pattern of alcohol consumption and, at least in the short term, the outcome is no different compared with patients grafted for other causes of cirrhosis. There are well‐validated markers which predict abstinence. For abusers of other substances, there is relatively little experience. Of concern is the variation between the priority‐setting by the medical profession and the general public. The latter, who, in the UK, can be considered as providers of the donated organs and pay for the costs of the procedure, tend to rate patients with alcoholic liver disease and who have drug or substance abuse at a lower priority than those who develop liver failure from other causes. These differences need further debate and resolution.
Chronic effects of ethanol on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are modulated by protein kinase C
Authors: CARON MURIELLE , LARSSON CHRISTER , ALLING CHRISTER 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that long‐term ethanol treatment increased the number and function of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in human neuroblastoma cells, but the molecular mechanisms involved in these changes are unknown. In the present study, the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on these events was investigated in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. Following exposure to 100 mM ethanol for 2 days, both [3H]N‐methylscopolamine binding and carbachol‐stimulated I(1,4,5)P3 formation were increased. When cells were cultured in the presence of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA), a potent activator of PKC, the effects of ethanol on mAChR number were totally inhibited but ethanol still potentiated carbacholstimulated I(1,4,5)P3 formation in TPA treated cells. TPA dose‐dependently inhibited carbochol‐stimulated I(1,4,5)P3 formation and this effect appeared to be independent of PKC phosphorylating activity. On the other hand, PKC inhibitors mimicked ethanol effects on mAChR number and function. Selective inhibition of classical PKC isozymes with 1 μM Gö 6976 for 2 days caused an increase in mAChR number and function, suggesting a role for these isozymes in ethanol‐induced upregulation of mAChRs. These data indicate that longterm ethanol treatment may upregulate the number of mAChRs by counteracting PKC‐mediated phosphorylation. The effects of ethanol on receptor‐coupled phosphoinositide hydrolysis appear to be independent of PKC activity.
The urinary MHPG/creatinine ratio and its relationship to platelet monoamine oxidase activity in abstinent alcoholics
Authors: FARREN CONOR K. , TIPTON KEITH F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the baseline noradrenergic turnover of subgroups of postwithdrawal abstinent alcoholics and healthy controls. The method chosen was an overnight fasting urine sample of the breakdown product of norepinephrine, MHPG, related to urinary creatinine. A comparison was made with platelet monoamine oxidase activity and also within subgroups of the study population. This study found no difference between alcoholics and controls, nor between subgroups of postwithdrawal alcoholics in their level of urinary MHPG corrected for creatinine, and no significant correlation with major subject characteristics or with platelet monoamine oxidase. There was a trend, however, towards a significant correlation with duration of abstinence from alcohol, and there was a correlation with a history of fighting when drinking alcohol, but not with sociopathic traits overall. Within the type 2 alcoholics there was a significant correlation with a history of fighting when drinking and a negative correlation with behavioral tolerance to alcohol. It is possible that only the subset of type 2 alcoholics with certain antisocial characteristics have noradrenergic abnormalities. Although no statistical difference was found between the different groups under study, the information is helpful in increasing understanding of the noradrenergic system in abstinent alcoholics.
Use of the speech pattern audiometer and the electropalatograph to explore the speech production/perception relationship in a profoundly deaf child
Authors: Parsloe Rachael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe use of electropalatography (EPG) in the teaching of new speech skills to deaf speakers, is not widely researched. Whether these skills can be maintained, or whether they can become fully automatic, without enough speech perception to enable auditory self‐monitoring is therefore unclear. Most approaches to increasing speech intelligibility in deaf speakers, rightly, place an emphasis on maximizing residual hearing and listening skills. However, a small amount of evidence exists which suggests that speech production can aid speech perception. This research aimed to measure change in speech perception, through use of the speech pattern audiometer (SPA), whilst working on speech production with the electropalatograph. Intervention took place over a year. The issues of maintenance and generalization are discussed.
JaDis: computing distances between nucleic acid sequences.
Authors: Gon√ßalves I , Robinson M , Perri√®re G , Mouchiroud D 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
SUMMARY: JaDis is a Java application for computing evolutionary distances between nucleic acid sequences and G+C base frequencies. It allows specific comparison of coding sequences, of non-coding sequences or of a non-coding sequence with coding sequences. AVAILABILITY: http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/jadis.html
Side‐chain modeling with an optimized scoring function
Authors: Liang Shide , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractModeling side‐chain conformations on a fixed protein backbone has a wide application in structure prediction and molecular design. Each effort in this field requires decisions about a rotamer set, scoring function, and search strategy. We have developed a new and simple scoring function, which operates on side‐chain rotamers and consists of the following energy terms: contact surface, volume overlap, backbone dependency, electrostatic interactions, and desolvation energy. The weights of these energy terms were optimized to achieve the minimal average root mean square (rms) deviation between the lowest energy rotamer and real side‐chain conformation on a training set of high‐resolution protein structures. In the course of optimization, for every residue, its side chain was replaced by varying rotamers, whereas conformations for all other residues were kept as they appeared in the crystal structure. We obtained prediction accuracy of 90.4% for χ1, 78.3% for χ1 + 2, and 1.18 Å overall rms deviation. Furthermore, the derived scoring function combined with a Monte Carlo search algorithm was used to place all side chains onto a protein backbone simultaneously. The average prediction accuracy was 87.9% for χ1, 73.2% for χ1 + 2, and 1.34 Å rms deviation for 30 protein structures. Our approach was compared with available side‐chain construction methods and showed improvement over the best among them: 4.4% for χ1, 4.7% for χ1 + 2, and 0.21 Å for rms deviation. We hypothesize that the scoring function instead of the search strategy is the main obstacle in side‐chain modeling. Additionally, we show that a more detailed rotamer library is expected to increase χ1 + 2 prediction accuracy but may have little effect on χ1 prediction accuracy.
Predicting machine's performance record using the stacked long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural networks
Authors: Ma Min , Liu Chenbin , Wei Ran , Liang Bin , Dai Jianrong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe record of daily quality control (QC) items shows machine performance patterns and potentially provides warning messages for preventive actions. This study developed a neural network model that could predict the record and trend of data variations quantitively.Methods and materialsThe record of 24 QC items for a radiotherapy machine was investigated in our institute. The QC records were collected daily for 3 years. The stacked long short‐term memory (LSTM) model was used to develop the neural network model. A total of 867 records were collected to predict the record for the next 5 days. To compare the stacked LSTM, the autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) was developed on the same data set. The accuracy of the model was quantified by the mean absolute error (MAE), root‐mean‐square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). To validate the robustness of the model, the record of four QC items was collected for another radiotherapy machine, which was input into the stacked LSTM model without changing any hyperparameters and ARIMA model.ResultsThe mean MAE, RMSE, and with 24 QC items were 0.013, 0.020, and 0.853 in LSTM, while 0.021, 0.030, and 0.618 in ARIMA, respectively. The results showed that the stacked LSTM outperforms the ARIMA. Moreover, the mean MAE, RMSE, and with four QC items were 0.102, 0.151, and 0.770 in LSTM, while 0.162, 0.375, and 0.550 in ARIMA, respectively.ConclusionsIn this study, the stacked LSTM model can accurately predict the record and trend of QC items. Moreover, the stacked LSTM model is robust when applied to another radiotherapy machine. Predicting future performance record will foresee possible machine failure, allowing early machine maintenance and reducing unscheduled machine downtime.
Adaptive fuzzy output feedback fault‐tolerant control of switched nonlinear systems with sensor and actuator faults
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhao Lingli , Xiong Yu , Xiang Zhengrong , Yang Xinsong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis paper investigates the adaptive fuzzy output feedback fault‐tolerant tracking control problem for a class of switched uncertain nonlinear systems with sensor faults and actuator faults. Both the faults considered are unknown, the existing schemes fail to solve the control problem. In this paper, an adaptive estimation coefficient is introduced to mitigate the effects of sensor faults, then a state observer is constructed to estimate unmeasured states and mitigate the effects of actuator faults. Fuzzy logic systems are employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions. By the backstepping technique and the Lyapunov function method, an adaptive fuzzy output feedback fault‐tolerant controller is designed. It is proven that the proposed control scheme with average dwell time constraints can guarantee that all states of the closed‐loop system are semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking error can converge to a small neighborhood of zero. Finally, a simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Regulating Photophysical Property of Aggregation‐Induced Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens via Heavy Atom Effect to Achieve Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xu Jingwen , Wu Xing , Li Jinshi , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeavy atom effect is beneficial to delayed fluorescence by enlarging spin–orbit coupling (SOC). The introduction of halogen atoms to luminogenic molecules is a widely used approach to realize heavy atom effect, but the positions of halogen atoms may exert quite different impacts on the photophysical properties of the molecules. To confirm this hypothesis, herein, bromine atoms are introduced on a delayed fluorescence luminogen comprised of benzoyl acceptor and phenoxazine and phenylcarbazole donors at different positions. The resultant luminogens show great differences in photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies and delayed fluorescence lifetimes in solid state, which could be attributed to different orbital contribution ratios of bromine atoms to molecular frontier orbitals and thus varied SOC interactions, as revealed by spectroscopy, crystallography, and theoretical calculation. The luminogens with bromine atoms on the phenylcarbazole units hold much better PL properties than those with bromine atoms on other positions, and behave efficiently as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes, furnishing high external quantum efficiencies of up to 28.6% and small efficiency roll‐offs. The structure–property relationship gained in this work can provide guidance for the further design of efficient luminescent materials.
C−H Silylation of 2‐Arylpyridine Derivatives by Using Iridium Catalyst and Phosphine‐Borane Ligand
Authors: Anoyama Keita , Onodera Gen , Fukuda Tsutomu , Kimura Masanari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIridium‐catalyzed ortho−C−H silylation of 2‐arylpyridine derivative with hydrosilane by using phosphine‐borane ligand has been developed. A variety of 2‐arylpyridines could be used for this reaction to give mono‐ and disilylated products in 81–99% yields. In this reaction, the length of linkage between phosphorus and boron plays an important role for the reaction to proceed. We consider that the nitrogen in 2‐arylpyridine coordinates to Lewis acidic boron in the ligand and thus the iridium is led to an ortho−C−H bond to cleave it.magnified image
Multifunctional Electronic Skins Enable Robots to Safely and Dexterously Interact with Human
Authors: Li Guozhen , Liu Shiqiang , Mao Qian , Zhu Rong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman–robot collaboration is playing more and more important roles in current deployments of robotic systems in our lives. Haptic perception and intelligent control are essential to ensure safety and efficiency of human–robot interaction. However, existing robotic sensory and control systems are deficient in terms of performance issues, complexity, and cost. Here, the authors report a multifunctional electronic skin (e‐skin) incorporating multiple perceptions with intelligent robotic control, by which robots can safely and dexterously interact with humans. The e‐skin with a simple and cost‐effective sensory structure has multimodal perceptions of proximity, temperature, contact force, and contact position with broad measuring range, high sensitivity, and fast response. The e‐skin is applied onto robots to accomplish obstacle avoidance, safe and dexterous human–robot interaction, smart teaching, and playing Tai‐Chi, which demonstrate a broad range of applications for intelligent robots equipped with e‐skins.
Controlling the Formation Process of Methylammonium‐Free Halide Perovskite Films for a Homogeneous Incorporation of Alkali Metal Cations Beneficial to Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Zheng Daming , Zhu Tao , Yan Yanfa , Pauporté Thierry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncorporating multiple cations of the 1A alkali metal column of the periodic table (K+/Rb+/Cs+) to prepare perovskite films is promising for boosting photovoltaic properties but requires a uniform distribution. The effects of NH4Cl additives and alkali metal cations (K+/Rb+/Cs+) on the one‐step formation process of methylammonium‐free, formamidinium‐based, iodide perovskite films are analyzed in a step‐by‐step manner. NH4Cl improves the solubility of PbI2 in solution by forming an intermediate and then favors the perovskite phase formation. Moreover, during the annealing process, this additive is shown to increase grain size, to improve crystallinity and to suppress PbI2 formation. K at low concentration is always homogeneously distributed across the film thickness. On the other hand, Cs is more concentrated at the surface and Rb in the depths of pristine films. With NH4Cl additives, these two alkali metals are more homogeneously distributed because NH4Cl slows down the movement of Cs+ and Rb+, it changes the growth direction of the perovskite film, making the overall crystallization quality improved and the distribution more uniform. It results in perovskite films with large monolithic grains. Combined with a perovskite film surface treatment with n‐propylammonium iodide, a high stabilized power conversion efficiency of 22.04% is reached.
Axonal Excitability Does Not Differ between Painful and Painless Diabetic or Chemotherapy‐Induced Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy in a Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Themistocleous Andreas C. , Kristensen Alexander G. , Sola Roma , Gylfadottir Sandra S. , Bennedsgaard Kristine , Itani Mustapha , Krøigård Thomas , Ventzel Lise , Sindrup Søren H. , Jensen Troels S. , Bostock Hugh , Serra Jordi , Finnerup Nanna B. , Tankisi Hatice , Bennett David L. H. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveAxonal excitability reflects ion channel function, and it is proposed that this may be a biomarker in painful (vs painless) polyneuropathy. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between axonal excitability parameters and chronic neuropathic pain in deeply phenotyped cohorts with diabetic or chemotherapy‐induced distal symmetrical polyneuropathy.MethodsTwo hundred thirty‐nine participants with diabetic polyneuropathy were recruited from sites in the UK and Denmark, and 39 participants who developed chemotherapy‐induced polyneuropathy were recruited from Denmark. Participants were separated into those with probable or definite neuropathic pain and those without neuropathic pain. Axonal excitability of large myelinated fibers was measured with the threshold tracking technique. The stimulus site was the median nerve, and the recording sites were the index finger (sensory studies) and abductor pollicis brevis muscle (motor studies).ResultsParticipants with painless and painful polyneuropathy were well matched across clinical variables. Sensory and motor axonal excitability measures, including recovery cycle, threshold electrotonus, strength–duration time constant, and current–threshold relationship, did not show differences between participants with painful and painless diabetic polyneuropathy, and there were only minor changes for chemotherapy‐induced polyneuropathy.InterpretationAxonal excitability did not significantly differ between painful and painless diabetic or chemotherapy‐induced polyneuropathy in a multicenter observational study. Threshold tracking assesses the excitability of myelinated axons; the majority of nociceptors are unmyelinated, and although there is some overlap of the "channelome" between these axonal populations, our results suggest that alternative measures such as microneurography are required to understand the relationship between sensory neuron excitability and neuropathic pain. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:506–520
Fast and Durable Intraoperative Near‐infrared Imaging of Ovarian Cancer Using Ultrabright Squaraine Fluorophores
Authors: Fukuda Takeshi , Yokomizo Shinya , Casa Stefanie , Monaco Hailey , Manganiello Sophia , Wang Haoran , Lv Xiangmin , Ulumben Amy Daniel , Yang Chengeng , Kang Min‐Woong , Inoue Kazumasa , Fukushi Masahiro , Sumi Toshiyuki , Wang Cheng , Kang Homan , Bao Kai , Henary Maged , Kashiwagi Satoshi , Soo Choi Hak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe residual tumor after surgery is the most significant prognostic factor of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence‐guided surgery is actively utilized for tumor localization and complete resection during surgery. However, currently available contrast‐enhancing agents display low on‐target binding, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and toxicity, thus not ideal for clinical use. Here we report ultrabright and stable squaraine fluorophores with optimal pharmacokinetics by introducing an asymmetric molecular conformation and surface charges for rapid transporter‐mediated cellular uptake. Among the tested, OCTL14 shows low serum binding and rapid distribution into cancer tissue via organic cation transporters (OCTs). Additionally, the charged squaraine fluorophores are retained in lysosomes, providing durable intraoperative imaging in a preclinical murine model of ovarian cancer up to 24 h post‐injection. OCTL14 represents a significant departure from the current bioconjugation approach of using a non‐targeted fluorophore and would provide surgeons with an indispensable tool to achieve optimal resection.