bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The voice of radio in the battle for equal rights: Evidence from the U.S. South
Authors: Bernini Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough the 1960s race riots have gone down in history as America's most violent and destructive ethnic civil disturbances, a consensus on the factors able to explain their insurgence is yet to be found. Using a novel data set on the universe of radio stations airing Black‐appeal programming, the effect of the media on riots is found to be sizable and statistically significant. A marginal (1%) increase in signal reception from these stations is estimated to lead to a 2.4% and 4.1% rise in the mean levels of the frequency and intensity of riots, respectively. Several mechanisms behind this result are considered, with the quantity, quality, and length of exposure to radio programming all being decisive factors.
N‐(benzylidene)‐2‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1‐2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) attenuate DMBA‐induced breast cancer via Nrf2/NF‐κB/apoptosis signaling
Authors: Khan Ashrafullah , Khan Adnan , Shal Bushra , Aziz Abdul , Ahmed Muhammad Naeem , Khan Salman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of the N‐(benzylidene)‐2‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1‐2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) against breast cancer using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The NCHDH and NTHDH significantly inhibited the growth of the MCF‐7 cells using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly inhibited the tumor size, tumor weight, and tumor volume, while it enhanced the survival and tumor free survival rate following 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)‐induced breast cancer. The NCHDH and NTHDH markedly attenuated the oxidative stress markers and induced the antioxidant level. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed significant reduction in the inflammatory cytokines production compared with the DMBA control. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly improved the histological features using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, Masson's trichrome, PAS (periodic acid Schiff), and Toluidine blue staining compared with the DMBA‐induced group. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment improved the hematological and serological parameters following DMBA‐induced breast tumor compared with DMBA‐induced group. Furthermore, the NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly enhanced the antioxidants signaling proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1). The NCHDH and NTHDH enhanced the inhibitor of NF‐κB (IκB) level, while it attenuated the NF‐κB level. Similarly, the NCHDH and NTHDH showed marked increase in the apoptosis proteins such as Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9, and Bcl‐2 Associated X‐protein (Bax), while it inhibited the B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) expression. In conclusion, the NCHDH and NTHDH significantly improved the DMBA‐induced breast cancer via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
Global and local modeling for inter‐wire fretting in multi‐wire copper conductors
Authors: Poon Chun Ting , Barrett Richard A. , Leen Seán B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubmarine power cables (SPC) are vulnerable to fretting, wear, and fatigue due to the dynamic environment, particularly at end connectors and junctions or other discontinuities, such as seabed features. This paper presents a finite element methodology for global and local analysis of fretting between copper conductors in multi‐strand cables. The salient inter‐wire fretting variables, such as relative slip and contact pressure, almost impossible to measure experimentally, are identified here via the three‐dimensional, global multi‐wire model, which includes frictional contact and large deformation effects. Local 2D and 3D representative models, typical of laboratory‐scale fretting test configurations, are adopted, with fretting boundary conditions derived from the global model fretting variables, for detailed micro‐scale resolution of fretting contact. A critical‐plane, multiaxial fretting‐fatigue life methodology is implemented to quantify fretting‐fatigue life. The effects of lay angle, contact size, wire diameter, friction, and slip are investigated. It is shown that, in general, increasing lay angle, contact size, wire diameter, and friction lead to reduced life. A key novel contribution of the paper is identification of the fretting fatigue relationships between representative local 2D (Hertzian) and 3D (crossed cylinder) modeling, via matching contact pressure, and global multi‐wire contacts. A rationalization of the relative contact size effects associated with transverse‐ and longitudinal‐type contacts in such applications is also presented.
REVOLUTIONARY SPECTATORSHIP AND SUBALTERNITY: FOUCAULT IN IRAN
Authors: SCHULTZ DANIEL J. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn this article, I offer a novel reading of Michel Foucault's Iranian writings and probe their unexplored linkages with longstanding historiographical debates. I argue that these writings run headlong into the conceptual aporias of political modernity by contesting the assumed parallelism between consciousness and history and between subjects of history and history as Subject. I take up this problem through the double frame of revolutionary spectatorship and subalternity. In the first instance, I analyze Kant's contradictory reflections on the French Revolution and Marx and Engel's response to the (failed) revolutions of 1848 to show how uprisings are made to conform to a theory of the subject. In the second instance, in conversation with subaltern studies (Guha, Chakrabarty, and Spivak), I focus on the problem of representing the revolutionary subject or insurgent consciousness. Foucault's Iranian writings problematize the particular way the revolutionary subject (the person who rises up [se lève], in Foucault's vocabulary) is represented, or historiographically phrased. I argue that the confounding factor in this phrasing, the hard object that resists integration, is religion. I build a set of relays between genres of writing—philosophical journalism, philosophy of history, and subaltern historiography—that are subtended by this problem of incommensurability in order to illustrate the double bind of phrasing a religious subject in revolt. Across these heterogeneous conceptual grammars of historical analysis, I track “religion” and the “colonial” as différends in relation to what counts as a subject of history or history as Subject, and I show how religious and colonial phrasings (of history and subjectivity) find themselves in a position that has lost the capacity to claim a position.
Synergistic denitrification and phosphorus removal performance of a biofilm-microflocculation system and its microbial community variations: A pilot-scale study for a wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Jiang Zhuwu , Yang Longbin , Yu Hai , Hou Lian , Shen Jyunhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
For upgrading and reconstructing a municipal wastewater treatment plant, a biofilm-microflocculation filter system was designed and established towards synergistic improvement of denitrification and phosphorus removal from the secondary effluent.

Methods and Results
The establishment of the biofilm-microflocculation filter system underwent several processes, including sludge inoculation, biofilm formation and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) addition as flocculating agent. Microbial community analysis indicated that the dominant denitrification bacteria of the biofilm filter were in the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Hydrogenophaga and Dechloromonas. On the basis of the initiation of filter system under optimal parameters such as C/N ratio of 5.3, hydraulic retention time of 1.06 h and PAC of 5 mg L−1, approximately 75% COD, 80% TN and 75% TP could be effectively removed to satisfy discharge standards. Comparing the variations of microbial community structure at the genus level during the operating period of the filter system, it was found that the relative abundance of denitrification bacteria merely shifted from 53.14% to 48.76%, demonstrating that the effect of PAC addition on the main micro-organisms is marginal.

Conclusions
From the above results, it can be verified that the established biofilm-microflocculation filter system has practical and reliable performance for simultaneous biological denitrification and phosphorus removal.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study provides a reference method for improving the advanced treatment of wastewater plant secondary effluent.
Insights into gut microbiota communities of Poecilobdella manillensis, a prevalent Asian medicinal leech
Authors: Meng Fanming , Liu Zichao , Sun Jianwei , Kong Dejun , Wang Yuxin , Tong Xiangrong , Cao Yanru , Bi Xiaoxu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Medicinal leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) are fresh water ectoparasitic species which have been applied as traditional therapy. However, gut microbiota could bring high risks of opportunistic infections after leeching and arouses great interests. Here, gut bacterial and fungal communities of an Asian prevalent leech Poecilobdella manillensis were characterized and analysed through culture-independent sequencing.

Methods and Results
With high coverage in 18 samples (&gt;0.999), a more complicated community was apparent after comparing with previous leech studies. A total of 779/939 OTUs of bacteria and fungi were detected from leech guts. The bacterial community was dominated by the phylum Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes. Genera Mucinivorans and Fretibacterium accounted mostly at the genus level, and genus Aeromonas showed an extremely low abundance (2.02%) on average. The fungal community was dominated by the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, the dominant OTUs included Mortierella, Geminibasidium and Fusarium. The analysis of core taxa included those above dominant genera and some low-abundance genera (&gt;1%). The functional annotation of the bacterial community showed a close correlation with metabolism (34.8 ± 0.6%). Some fungal species were predicted as opportunistic human pathogens including Fusarium and Chaetomiaceae.

Conclusions
The present study provides fundamental rationales for further studies of such issues as bacteria-fungi-host interactions, host fitness, potential pathogens, and infecting risks after leeching. It shall facilitate in-depth explorations on the safe utilization of leech therapy.

Significance and Impact of Study
Present paper is the first-ever exploration on microbiota of a prevalent Asian medicinal leech based on culture-independent technical. And it is also the first report of gut fungi community of medicinal leech. The diversity and composition of bacteria in P. manillensis was far different from that of the European leech. The main components and core OTUs indicate a particular gut environment of medicinal leech. Unknown bacterial and fungal species were also recovered from leech gut.
Testing of candidate probiotics to prevent dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans in a mouse model
Authors: Culp David J. , Hull William , Schultz Alexander C. , Bryant Ashley S. , Lizarraga Claudia A. , Dupuis Madeline R. , Chakraborty Brinta , Lee Kyulim , Burne Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
We evaluated two species of human oral commensal streptococci in protection against dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans.

Methods and Results
Candidate probiotics, Streptococcus sp. A12, Streptococcus sanguinis BCC23 and an arginine deiminase mutant of BCC23 (∆arcADS) were tested for their ability to reduce S. mutans-induced caries in an established mouse model. Mice were colonized with a probiotic, challenged with S. mutans, then intermittently reinoculated with a probiotic strain. Oral colonization of each strain and autochthonous bacteria was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Both BCC23 strains, but not A12, were associated with markedly reduced sulcal caries, persistently colonized mucosal and dental biofilms, and significantly lowered S. mutans counts. All three strains enhanced mucosal colonization of autochthonous bacteria. In a follow-up experiment, when S. mutans was established first, dental and mucosal colonization of S. mutans was unaltered by a subsequent challenge with either BCC23 strain. Results between BCC23 and BCC23 ∆arcADS were equivalent.

Conclusions
BCC23 is a potential probiotic to treat patients at high caries risk. Its effectiveness is independent of ADS activity, but initial dental cleaning to enhance establishment in dental biofilms may be required.

Significance and Impact of the Study
In vivo testing of candidate probiotics is highly informative, as effectiveness is not always reflected by genotype or in vitro behaviours
Evaluation of the in vitro susceptibility of Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi to tiamulin using minimum inhibitory concentration tests
Authors: Irgang Rute , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTenacibaculosis caused by Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi is the third most important bacterial fish infection affecting the Chilean salmon industry. Losses to this disease are most frequently controlled by treatments with florfenicol and oxytetracycline. However, recent tenacibaculosis outbreaks were controlled through the extra‐label, oral administration of tiamulin, resulting in high treatment efficiency. In this study, we present an analysis of susceptibility patterns of 32 T. dicentrarchi isolates and the type strain CECT 7612T to tiamulin by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) according to the procedures recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, but fixing incubation temperature to the more appropriate for the growth of T. dicentrarchi (18 ºC). The MICs of the T. dicentrarchi isolates were unimodally distributed (0.06–1.0 µg/ml range), while the CECT 7612T strain presented an MIC of 0.5 μg/ml. Calculations using Normalized Resistance Interpretation provided epidemiological cut‐off values of ≤1.0 µg/ml, with the 33 T. dicentrarchi classified as wild type. In Chile, tiamulin is authorized for use in other livestock species, but application in salmonids is extra‐label. Our presented in vitro results suggest that tiamulin is a viable alternative to florfenicol, specifically as tiamulin requires comparatively lower concentrations to inhibit T. dicentrarchi. Considering that tiamulin is also exclusively for veterinary use, is classified as “least important” by the World Health Organization and has not resulted in the development of bacterial resistance, pharmaceutical companies should be requested to register tiamulin and provide alternative antimicrobial treatments for the salmonid industry.
On Liquidity Shocks and Asset Prices
Authors: GUERRON‐QUINTANA PABLO A. , JINNAI RYO 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn models of financial frictions, stock market booms tend to follow adverse liquidity shocks. This finding is clearly at odds with the data. We demonstrate that this counterfactual result is specific to real business cycle models with exogenous growth. Once we allow for both endogenous productivity and growth, this puzzling price dynamic easily disappears. Intuitively, the gloomy economic‐growth outlook following an adverse liquidity shock generates a predictable and negative long‐run component in dividend growth, leading to the collapse of equity prices.
Multi‐organ/disseminated echinococcosis in children: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Çay Ümmühan , Alabaz Derya , Ö Gündeşlioglu Özlem , Tutuş Kamuran , K Çil Merve , Pehlivan Umur A 
Published: March 2022

AimEchinococcosis with multi‐organ/disseminated involvement is rare in childhood. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and prognosis in paediatric patients with echinococcosis having multiorgan/disseminated involvement.MethodWe evaluated retrospectively children with echinococcosis with involvement of three or more organs.ResultsThirteen patients were included in the study. The median age was 120 (range 71–189) months. Three (23%) were diagnosed incidentally. Abdominal pain was seen in 5 (38.4%) patients, vomiting in 4 (30.7%), headache in 3 (23%), cough in 2 (15.3%), groin pain in 1 (7.6%), 1 (7.6%) had jaundice and 1 (7.6%) had fever. The median duration of complaints was 48 (0–140) days. The most common tripartite organ was 38.4% (5/13) liver, lung and spleen. Isolated abdominal dissemination was detected in two patients. Two patients had multi‐organ involvement and multiple cysts with dissemination. Cyst rupture was observed in three of the patients; recurrent urinary tract infection, hydroureteronephrosis, secondary peritonitis with intra‐abdominal abscess, and biliary tract fistula were each observed in one patient. Relapse developed in 3 (23%) patients.ConclusionEchinococcosis is a very slow growing and complex parasitic disease that affects many organs and tissues. In our study, eosinophilia, recurrence, and complications were seen at a higher rate in paediatric patients with multiorgan involvement, who required repetitive surgeries and long‐term medical treatment. However, there are scanty data on risk factors, optimum treatment and prognosis.
Medicarpin confers powdery mildew resistance in Medicago truncatula and activates the salicylic acid signalling pathway
Authors: Gupta Arunima , Awasthi Pallavi , Sharma Neha , Parveen Sajiya , Vats Ravi P. , Singh Nirpendra , Kumar Yashwant , Goel Atul , Chandran Divya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPowdery mildew (PM) caused by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe pisi is an economically important disease of legumes. Legumes are rich in isoflavonoids, a class of secondary metabolites whose role in PM resistance is ambiguous. Here we show that the pterocarpan medicarpin accumulates at fungal infection sites, as analysed by fluorescein‐tagged medicarpin, and provides penetration and post‐penetration resistance against E. pisi in Medicago truncatula in part through the activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway. Comparative gene expression and metabolite analyses revealed an early induction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation of the defence phytohormones SA and jasmonic acid (JA) in the highly resistant M. truncatula genotype A17 but not in moderately susceptible R108 in response to PM infection. Pretreatment of R108 leaves with medicarpin increased SA levels, SA‐associated gene expression, and accumulation of hydrogen peroxide at PM infection sites, and reduced fungal penetration and colony formation. Strong parallels in the levels of medicarpin and SA, but not JA, were observed on medicarpin/SA treatment pre‐ or post‐PM infection. Collectively, our results suggest that medicarpin and SA may act in concert to restrict E. pisi growth, providing new insights into the metabolic and signalling pathways required for PM resistance in legumes.
Predictors of hematoma as a complication in pediatric kidney biopsies
Authors: Nagata Hiroko , Tamura Hiroshi , Hidaka Yuko , Ikeda Tokunori , Nakazato Hitoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundKidney biopsies are crucial in the diagnosis of kidney diseases but they carry the risk of various complications, most commonly hematoma. Here we tried to identify the predictors of hematomas as a complication of kidney biopsies and we constructed an algorithm to stratify the risk.MethodsThe present report retrospectively reviewed 118 pediatric percutaneous kidney biopsies of native kidneys in 102 children (59 females) with the median age of 9 years (range: 1–19 years) at Kumamoto University Hospital between August 2008 and October 2019. We defined hematoma size using the hematoma index: the short axis of the hematoma/major axis of the kidney on ultrasonography. The inclusion criteria for a hematoma as a complication of a kidney biopsy were hematoma index ≥0.1 and the presence of concomitant, post‐kidney biopsy fever or flank pain.ResultsEight patients presented with a hematoma as a complication. All had hematoma index ≥0.1 and age ≥6 years. On univariate logistic analysis, these patients had a larger hemoglobin (Hgb) decrease on post‐biopsy day 1, which was unrelated to a Hgb decrease 2 h after the biopsy, than the patients with no hematoma. All eight patients with a hematoma presented with a fever or flank pain on post‐biopsy days 5 to 7, underscoring the need to observe patients with decreased Hgb carefully for about 1 week after a biopsy.ConclusionPredictors of hematoma as a complication in children after a kidney biopsy were hematoma index ≥0.1, age >6 years, and Hgb decrease ≥15% on post‐biopsy day 1.
Achieving high maturation and cannulation rates of radial‐cephalic arteriovenous fistulas with VasQ™ device
Authors: Shahverdyan Robert , Hentschel Dirk M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemodialysis is the predominant treatment modality for chronic kidney disease, with arteriovenous fistula (AVF) being considered to be the preferred type of long‐term vascular access. Implantation of the external anastomotic VasQ™ support device during AVF creation has been suggested to improve the functional outcomes of AVFs. In the current study, we report the clinical outcomes when using the device with radial‐cephalic AVF (RCAVF) creation in a large cohort over 3 years.MethodsOne hundred fifty RCAVFs were created between June 2018 and August 2021 with implantation of VasQ™. Time to maturation, cannulation characteristics, and assisted (AP) and secondary patency (SP) rates were analyzed.ResultsIn this predominantly male (68%), median 64 years old cohort, 150 VasQ™ devices were implanted. Physiological maturation was achieved in 142/150 (95%) and was unassisted in 133/150 (89%). Of those, 129 matured within 1 month and four additional AVFs within 165 days. Eight AVFs achieved maturation following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and one required surgical patch angioplasty. The median time from creation to first successful cannulation in dialysis patients was 41 days. AP at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months was 89%, 81%, 78%, 73%, and 73%, and SP was 94%, 87%, 86%, 84%, and 84%, respectively.ConclusionsConsistent use of the VasQ™ device in RCAVF creation demonstrates excellent AVF maturation and patency rates with very low frequency of assisted maturation and interventions for maintenance. The VasQ™ device appears a suitable aid in increasing the creation of functional RCAVFs.
The Screen for Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury: Development and initial validation among veterans with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Halverson Tate F. , Patel Tapan A. , Mann Adam J. D. , Evans Mariah K. , Gratz Kim L. , Beckham Jean C. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Kimbrel Nathan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionNonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with significant impairment and is a robust predictor of suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide; however, the present lack of a brief screening instrument for NSSI coupled with consistent underidentification of NSSI in male adults has led to concerning rates of missed identification of NSSI.MethodsThe Screen for Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury (SNSI) is a brief, 10‐item screen designed to identify individuals currently engaging in NSSI with an emphasis on behaviors more frequently endorsed by male adults. The present study examined the development and validation of the SNSI.ResultsIn a sample of veterans (N = 124) with complex psychiatric presentations, SNSI scores demonstrated good internal consistency and strong construct validity with area under the curve (AUC) estimates of 0.85–0.93 for the identification of NSSI disorder. SNSI scores also demonstrated good convergent (rs 0.59–0.90) and external validity (rs = 0.25–0.42), and excellent predictive validity identifying future NSSI Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior disorder (AUC = 0.88) and NSSI behaviors (AUC = 0.90). Importantly, SNSI performance was not affected by participants’ race, sex assigned at birth, or age.ConclusionThe SNSI is an efficient screen to identify patients engaging in NSSI who are likely to benefit from more comprehensive assessment and treatment programs.