bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Arctic oscillation from March on summertime sea ice
Authors: Lim Young-Kwon , Wu Dong L , Kim Kyu-Myong , Lee Jae N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Current understanding of the cold season Arctic oscillation (AO) impact on the summertime sea ice is revisited in this study by analyzing the role from each month. Earlier studies examined the prolonged AO impact using a smooth average over 1–2 seasons (e.g. December–March, December–April, March–May), ignoring large month-to-month AO variability. This study finds that the March AO is most influential on the summertime sea ice loss. First, the March AO is most highly negative-correlated with the AO in summer. Secondly, surface energy budget, sea level pressure, and low-tropospheric circulation exhibit that their time-lagged responses to the positive (negative) phase of the March AO grow with time, transitioning to the patterns associated with the negative (positive) phase of the AO that induces sea ice decrease (increase) in summer. Time evolution of the surface energy budget explains the growth of the sea ice concentration anomaly in summer, and a warming-to-cooling transition in October. The regional difference in sea ice anomaly distribution can be also explained by circulation and surface energy budget patterns. The sea ice concentration along the pan-Arctic including the Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort Sea decreases (increases) in summer in response to the positive (negative) phase of the March AO, while the sea ice to the northeast of Greenland increases (decreases). This sea ice response is better represented by the March AO than by the seasonally averaged winter AO, suggesting that the March AO can play more significant role. This study also finds that the sea ice decrease in response to the positive AO is distinctively smaller in the 20th century than in the 21st century, along with the opposite sea ice response over the Canada Basin due to circulation difference between the two periods.
The Weierstrass–Durand–Kerner root finder is not generally convergent
Authors: Reinke Bernhard , Schleicher Dierk , Stoll Michael 
Published: September 2022

Finding roots of univariate polynomials is one of the fundamental tasks of numerics, and there is still a wide gap between root finders that are well understood in theory and those that perform well in practice. We investigate the root-finding method of Weierstrass, also known as the Durand–Kerner-method: this is a root finder that tries to approximate all roots of a given polynomial in parallel. This method has been introduced 130 years ago and has since then a good reputation for finding all roots in practice except in obvious cases of symmetry. Nonetheless, very little is known about its global dynamics and convergence properties.

We show that the Weierstrass method, like the well-known Newton method, is not generally convergent: there are open sets of polynomials

p
p

of every degree

d
≥
3

d \ge 3

such that the dynamics of the Weierstrass method applied to

p
p

exhibits attracting periodic orbits. Specifically, all polynomials sufficiently close to

Z
3

+
Z
+
175

Z^3 + Z + 175

have attracting cycles of period

4
4

. Here, period

4
4

is minimal: we show that for cubic polynomials, there are no periodic orbits of length

2
2

or

3
3

that attract open sets of starting points.

We also establish another convergence problem for the Weierstrass method: for almost every polynomial of degree

d
≥
3

d\ge 3

there are orbits that are defined for all iterates but converge to

∞
\infty

; this is a problem that does not occur for Newton’s method.

Our results are obtained by first interpreting the original problem coming from numerical mathematics in terms of higher-dimensional complex dynamics, then phrasing the question in algebraic terms in such a way that we could finally answer it by applying methods from computer algebra. The main innovation here is the translation into an algebraic question, which is amenable to (exact) computational methods close to the limits of current computer algebra systems.
An exponential bound on the number of non-isotopic commutative semifields
Authors: Göloğlu Faruk , Kölsch Lukas 
Published: September 2022

We show that the number of non-isotopic commutative semifields of odd order

p

n

p^{n}

is exponential in

n
n

when

n
=
4
t

n = 4t

and

t
t

is not a power of

2
2

. We introduce a new family of commutative semifields and a method for proving isotopy results on commutative semifields that we use to deduce the aforementioned bound. The previous best bound on the number of non-isotopic commutative semifields of odd order was quadratic in

n
n

and given by Zhou and Pott [Adv. Math. 234 (2013), pp. 43–60]. Similar bounds in the case of even order were given in Kantor [J. Algebra 270 (2003), pp. 96–114] and Kantor and Williams [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 356 (2004), pp. 895–938].
Lowering effect of combined sweet potato and onion intake on plasma quercetin concentration and underlying mechanism involving intestinal β-glucosidase activity
Authors: Nuka Erika , Takahashi Masako , Okitsu Masami , Nayama Chisako , Nishijima Honomi , Sogawa Ryutaro , Kawabata Kyuichi , Terao Junji , Mukai Rie 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
A combined intake of cooked sweet potato and fried onion in humans was found to suppress the increase of plasma quercetin metabolite concentration. Experiments using rat β-glucosidase indicated that excess carbohydrate digestion products, especially glucose-containing saccharides, interfere with the deglycosylation of quercetin glucosides during intestinal epithelial uptake. Combined meals of sweet potato and onion may lower the bioavailability of onion quercetin glucosides.
Inherency and agency in the origin and evolution of biological functions
Authors: Newman Stuart A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough discussed by 20th century philosophers in terms drawn from the sciences of non-living systems, in recent decades biological function has been considered in relationship to organismal capability and purpose. Bringing two phenomena generally neglected in evolutionary theory (i.e. inherency and agency) to bear on questions of function leads to a rejection of the adaptationist ‘selected effects’ notion of biological function. I review work showing that organisms such as the placozoans can thrive with almost no functional embellishments beyond those of their constituent cells and physical properties of their simple tissues. I also discuss work showing that individual tissue cells and their artificial aggregates exhibit agential behaviours that are unprecedented in the histories of their respective lineages. I review findings on the unique metazoan mechanism of developmental gene expression that has recruited, during evolution, inherent ancestral cellular functionalities into specialized cell types and organs of the different animal groups. I conclude that most essential functions in animal species are inherent to the cells from which they evolved, not selected effects, and that many of the others are optional ‘add-ons’, a status inimical to fitness-based models of evolution positing that traits emerge from stringent cycles of selection to meet external challenges.
Regional rather than global brain age mediates cognitive function in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Lee Pei-Lin , Kuo Chen-Yuan , Wang Pei-Ning , Chen Liang-Kung , Lin Ching-Po , Chou Kun-Hsien , Chung Chih-Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The factors and mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous cognitive outcomes of cerebral small vessel disease are largely unknown. Brain biological age can be estimated by machine learning algorithms that use large brain MRI data sets to integrate and compute neuroimaging-derived age-related features. Predicted and chronological ages difference (brain-age gap) reflects advanced or delayed brain aging in an individual. The present study firstly reports the brain aging status of cerebral small vessel disease. In addition, we investigated whether global or certain regional brain age could mediate the cognitive functions in cerebral small vessel disease. Global and regional (400 cortical, 14 subcortical and 28 cerebellum regions of interest) brain-age prediction models were constructed using grey matter features from MRI of 1482 healthy individuals (age: 18–92 years). Predicted and chronological ages differences were obtained and then applied to non-stroke, non-demented individuals, aged ≥50 years, from another community-dwelling population (I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study cohort). Among the 734 participants from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study cohort, 124 were classified into the cerebral small vessel disease group. The cerebral small vessel disease group demonstrated significantly poorer performances in global cognitive, verbal memory and executive functions than that of non-cerebral small vessel disease group. Global brain-age gap was significantly higher in the cerebral small vessel disease (3.71 ± 7.60 years) than that in non-cerebral small vessel disease (−0.43 ± 9.47 years) group (P = 0.003, η2 = 0.012). There were 82 cerebral cortical, 3 subcortical and 4 cerebellar regions showing significantly different brain-age gap between the cerebral small vessel disease and non-cerebral small vessel disease groups. Global brain-age gap failed to mediate the relationship between cerebral small vessel disease and any of the cognitive domains. In 89 regions with increased brain-age gap in the cerebral small vessel disease group, seven regional brain-age gaps were able to show significant mediation effects in cerebral small vessel disease-related cognitive impairment (we set the statistical significance P &lt; 0.05 uncorrected in 89 mediation models). Of these, the left thalamus and left hippocampus brain-age gap explained poorer global cognitive performance in cerebral small vessel disease. We demonstrated the interconnections between cerebral small vessel disease and brain age. Strategic brain aging, i.e. advanced brain aging in critical regions, may be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease-related cognitive impairment. Regional rather than global brain-age gap could potentially serve as a biomarker for predicting heterogeneous cognitive outcomes in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.
Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short form
Authors: Mialhe Fábio Luiz , Sampaio Helena Alves De Carvalho , Moraes Katarinne Lima , Brasil Virgínia Visconde , Rebustini Flávio 
Published: September 2022

Summary
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese Brazilian version of the instrument for measuring health literacy European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short form (HLS-EU-Q16). The study sample consisted of 783 Brazilian adults with a mean age of 38.6 years. The data were analyzed through an extensive and robust process of testing the properties with the combination of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) techniques, aiming to search for strong validation evidence in the internal structure and stability step for other sub-samples. The instrument’s reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s Omega. The analyses indicated the existence of only one dimension and good reliability values. The model tested with cross-validation indicated satisfactory, adequate, consistent and stable levels for EFA, IRT via item discrimination and CFA, both for primary indicators as factor loadings, communalities, item discrimination as well as for the model adequacy indicators. It is concluded that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the HLS-EU-Q16 proved to be a one-dimensional, consistent, accurate and stable model for measuring health literacy in Brazilian adults.
Shifting baselines and deciding on the desirable form of multispecies maximum sustainable yield
Authors: Fulton E A , Sainsbury K , Noranarttragoon P , Leadbitter D , Staples D J , Porobic J , Ye Y , Phoonsawat R , Kulanujaree N 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultispecies, multigear fisheries occur in most ecosystems in the world, but are typical in tropical ecosystems and especially in emerging economies. However, much of fishery science has been developed from a single-species perspective. Management schemes based on single-species reference points often ignore the trophic link among species and the technical interaction between gears, essentially disconnecting management objectives from the context of an ecosystem—or socioecological system—where fisheries operate. Using the Gulf of Thailand fishery as an example, we demonstrate how aggregate production models can be used to estimate system-level fishery reference points for multispecies fisheries. Our results show that the multispecies maximum sustainable yield changes with ecosystem state—the systemic productivity level due to species composition and ecological (trophic/habitat, etc.) structure—under various development levels of fishing and varies with management objectives such as biodiversity, system resilience, total catch, total value, and employment. Aggregate approaches are a tractable way of estimating sustainable ecosystem-scale extraction for multispecies fisheries, avoiding the dilemma of facing conflicting advice derived from single-species methods and providing a practical, operational step toward ecosystem-based management. However, these methods are sensitive to the ecosystem states over time and decision makers need to make informed decisions on which state they want to maintain (or recover) and thus which system-level reference points to use. Consequently, management of multispecies fisheries must be clear on their system-level fisheries policy objectives.
Infinite-order accuracy limit of finite difference formulas in the complex plane
Authors: Fornberg Bengt 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It was recently found that finite difference (FD) formulas become remarkably accurate when approximating derivatives of analytic functions $f(z)$ in the complex $z=x+\text{i}y$ plane. On unit-spaced grids in the $x,y$-plane, the FD weights decrease to zero with the distance to the stencil center at a rate similar to that of a Gaussian, typically falling below the level of double precision accuracy $\mathcal{O}(10^{-16})$ already about four node spacings away from the center point. We follow up on these observations here by analyzing and illustrating the features of such FD stencils in their infinite-order accurate limit (for traditional FD approximations known as their pseudospectral limit).
Weight change with integrase strand transfer inhibitors among virally suppressed Thai people living with HIV
Authors: Han Win Min , Kerr Stephen J , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Boettiger David C 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe compared weight changes in virally suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) switching to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) with those remaining on an INSTI or non-INSTI regimen.MethodsPLWH aged ≥18 years with weight measurements available at baseline between 2001 and 2020 were included. Viral suppression was defined as having had a viral load &lt;400 copies/mL for 6 months. Baseline was defined as the time of switching from a non-INSTI to an INSTI regimen whilst virally suppressed (switch group) or the time that viral suppression was achieved (remain groups). Generalized estimating equations adjusted for age, sex and baseline weight were used to model weight changes 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after baseline.ResultsA total of 1673 PLWH contributed 1952 episodes of viral suppression—143 (7.3%) episodes were among PLWH who had switched from a non-INSTI to an INSTI, 102 (5.2%) episodes were among PLWH who remained on an INSTI and 1707 (87.4%) episodes were among PLWH who remained on a non-INSTI. PLWH in the switch group had significantly greater weight gain than those in the remain groups at 6, 12 and 18 months after achieving viral suppression. By 24 months, weight change on all regimens started to converge. Tenofovir alafenamide use was not significantly associated with weight gain in adjusted models.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the mechanisms of weight gain due to INSTI use go beyond their superior efficacy over other antiretrovirals in controlling HIV or the effect of the ‘return-to-health’ phenomenon. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of such weight gain.
In vitro antibacterial activity of OPS-2071 against Gram-positive and Gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria
Authors: Oka Daisuke , Changkwanyeun Ruchirada , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Nakajima Chie , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Matsumoto Makoto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Enteric infections are a major public health issue in developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance is also a problem for enteric infection. OPS-2071 is a novel quinolone antibiotic with low oral absorption and potent antibacterial activity against Clostridioides difficile.

Objectives
This study was conducted to confirm the antimicrobial activity of OPS-2071 against major enteropathogenic bacteria and to evaluate the risk of emergence of drug resistance.

Methods
The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the agar dilution method. The inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV was determined by supercoiling assay and decatenation assay, respectively. The mutant prevention concentration and frequency of spontaneous resistance were determined by inoculation on drug-containing agar.

Results
Compared with the reference drugs, the antibacterial activity of OPS-2071 was more potent against Gram-positive bacteria and Campylobacter jejuni, including quinolone-resistant strains. Against other Gram-negative bacteria, OPS-2071 was comparable to existing quinolones. The inhibitory activities against DNA gyrase with quinolone-resistant mutations closely correlated with the antibacterial activity. Spontaneous resistance to OPS-2071 was not observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and was lower than that of existing quinolones and higher than that of azithromycin in C. jejuni. The mutant prevention concentration of OPS-2071 was lower than that of tested compounds in S. aureus and C. jejuni and slightly higher than that of existing quinolones in E. coli.

Conclusions
The broad and potent in vitro antibacterial activity and lower risk of drug resistance suggested that OPS-2071 may be useful for enteric infections caused by major pathogens including quinolone-resistant Campylobacter.
The nutritive value of soybean meal from different sources for sows during mid- and late gestation
Authors: Wang Ke , Zou Xiangyang , Guo Lei , Huang Long , Wang Ya , Yang Pu , Huang Liansu , Ma Xiangyuan , Zhuo Yong , Che Lianqiang , Xu Shengyu , Hua Lun , Li Jian , Feng Bin , Wu Fali , Fang Zhengfeng , Zhao Xilun , Jiang Xuemei , Lin Yan , Wu De 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A precise understanding of the nutritive value of soybean meal (SBM) for pregnant sow is required for accurate feeding. Hence, we evaluated the nutritive value of 11 SBM samples from different sources for sows during mid and late gestation. In total, 24 mid-gestating sows (parity three; 230.3 ± 12.0 kg on day 37 of gestation) and 24 late-gestating sows (parity three; 238.8 ± 20.9 kg on day 72 of gestation) were assigned to a replicated 12 × 3 Youden square design with 12 diets and 3 periods. The 12 diets included a corn-based diet and 11 diets containing 25.50% SBMs from different sources. After 5-d adaptation, urine and feces were collected for 5 d. Although the chemical characteristics of SBM varied between samples, no differences were observed in digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, crude fiber, and neutral detergent fiber values in SBMs fed to both animal groups. However, de-hulled SBM 4 from Brazil displayed greater ATTD for nitrogen (N) in late-gestating sows (P &lt; 0.05); animals displayed significantly (P &lt; 0.01) greater ME, ME:DE ratio, and N net utilization values when compared with mid-gestating sows. The chemical composition of SBMs can be used to predict DE and ME values. In conclusion, ME, ME:DE ratio, and N net utilization SBM values for late-gestating sows were greater than in mid-gestating sows. Therefore, we should consider differences in ME values for SBMs when formulating diets for sows in mid and late gestation periods.
Opinions on the Assessment of Breast Density Among Members of the Society of Breast Imaging
Authors: Zhang Zi , Conant Emily F , Zuckerman Samantha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
Dense breast decreases the sensitivity and specificity of mammography and is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. We conducted a survey to assess the opinions of Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) members regarding density assessment.

Methods
An online survey was sent to SBI members twice in September 2020. The survey included active members who were practicing radiologists, residents, and fellows. Mammograms from three patients were presented for density assessment based on routine clinical practice and BI-RADS fourth and fifth editions. Dense breasts were defined as heterogeneously or extremely dense. Frequencies were calculated for each survey response. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation of density assessments by different definitions.

Results
The survey response rate was 12.4% (357/2875). For density assessments, the Pearson correlation coefficients between routine clinical practice and BI-RADS fourth edition were 0.05, 0.43, and 0.12 for patients 1, 2, and 3, respectively; these increased to 0.65, 0.65, and 0.66 between routine clinical practice and BI-RADS fifth edition for patients 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For future density grading, 79.0% (282/357) of respondents thought it should reflect both potential for masking and overall dense tissue for risk assessment. Additionally, 47.1% (168/357) of respondents thought quantitative methods were of use.

Conclusion
Density assessment varied based on routine clinical practice and BI-RADS fourth and fifth editions. Most breast radiologists agreed that density assessment should capture both masking and overall density. Moreover, almost half of respondents believed computer or artificial intelligence–assisted quantitative methods may help refine density assessment.
Coaching: A Strategy for Breast Radiologists’ Professional Development
Authors: Gatto Rex P , Berg Wendie A , Mainiero Martha B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The continually increasing demands placed on physicians have led to high levels of burnout, and breast radiologists are no exception. Professional coaching is a means to guide and support the radiologist through a process of positive thinking, stress reduction, goal setting, mental growth, work-life balance, and behavioral change. Professional coaching may be effective in preparation for leadership roles or in response to workplace issues or conflict. The radiologist, with the help of a coach, establishes goals, expands perception and mindset, and collaboratively may find ways to resolve issues by taking new and different approaches. This article discusses why radiologists should seek out a certified coach and what a coach can offer radiologists during these trying times, as well as outlining the coaching process. Coaching has proven useful in addressing professional growth, workplace issues, and physician burnout. At the conclusion of the article, the readers will be able to discern whether coaching can support a better quality of life for them.