bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysfunction in the Interaction of Information Between and Within the Bilateral Primary Sensory Cortex
Authors: Xing Xiang-Xin , Ma Zhen-Zhen , Wu Jia-Jia , Ma Jie , Duan Yu-Jie , Hua Xu-Yun , Zheng Mou-Xiong , Xu Jian-Guang 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundInterhemispheric and intrahemispheric long-range synchronization and information communication are crucial features of functional integration between the bilateral hemispheres. Previous studies have demonstrated that disrupted functional connectivity (FC) exists in the bilateral hemispheres of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), but they did not clearly clarify the phenomenon of central dysfunctional connectivity. This study aimed to further investigate the potential mechanism of the weakened connectivity of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) based on a precise template.MethodsPatients with CTS (n = 53) and healthy control subjects (HCs) (n = 23) participated and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning. We used FC to investigate the statistical dependency of the whole brain, effective connectivity (EC) to analyze time-dependent effects, and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) to examine the coordination of FC, all of which were adopted to explore the change in interhemispheric and intrahemispheric S1.ResultsCompared to the healthy controls, we significantly found a decreased strength of the two connectivities in the interhemispheric S1hand, and the results of EC and VMHC were basically consistent with FC in the CTS. The EC revealed that the information output from the dominant hemisphere to the contralateral hemisphere was weakened.ConclusionThis study found that maladjusted connections between and within the bilateral S1 revealed by these methods are present in patients with CTS. The dominant hemisphere with deafferentation weakens its effect on the contralateral hemisphere. The disturbance in the bilateral S1 provides reliable evidence to understand the neuropathophysiological mechanisms of decreased functional integration in the brains of patients with CTS.
Automatic Prostate Gleason Grading Using Pyramid Semantic Parsing Network in Digital Histopathology
Authors: Qiu Yali , Hu Yujin , Kong Peiyao , Xie Hai , Zhang Xiaoliu , Cao Jiuwen , Wang Tianfu , Lei Baiying 
Published: April 2022

PurposeProstate biopsy histopathology and immunohistochemistry are important in the differential diagnosis of the disease and can be used to assess the degree of prostate cancer differentiation. Today, prostate biopsy is increasing the demand for experienced uropathologists, which puts a lot of pressure on pathologists. In addition, the grades of different observations had an indicating effect on the treatment of the patients with cancer, but the grades were highly changeable, and excessive treatment and insufficient treatment often occurred. To alleviate these problems, an artificial intelligence system with clinically acceptable prostate cancer detection and Gleason grade accuracy was developed.MethodsDeep learning algorithms have been proved to outperform other algorithms in the analysis of large data and show great potential with respect to the analysis of pathological sections. Inspired by the classical semantic segmentation network, we propose a pyramid semantic parsing network (PSPNet) for automatic prostate Gleason grading. To boost the segmentation performance, we get an auxiliary prediction output, which is mainly the optimization of auxiliary objective function in the process of network training. The network not only includes effective global prior representations but also achieves good results in tissue micro-array (TMA) image segmentation.ResultsOur method is validated using 321 biopsies from the Vancouver Prostate Centre and ranks the first on the MICCAI 2019 prostate segmentation and classification benchmark and the Vancouver Prostate Centre data. To prove the reliability of the proposed method, we also conduct an experiment to test the consistency with the diagnosis of pathologists. It demonstrates that the well-designed method in our study can achieve good results. The experiment also focused on the distinction between high-risk cancer (Gleason pattern 4, 5) and low-risk cancer (Gleason pattern 3). Our proposed method also achieves the best performance with respect to various evaluation metrics for distinguishing benign from malignant.AvailabilityThe Python source code of the proposed method is publicly available at https://github.com/hubutui/Gleason. All implementation details are presented in this paper.ConclusionThese works prove that the Gleason grading results obtained from our method are effective and accurate.
VEGF-D Serum Level as a Potential Predictor of Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Ravaggi Antonella , Gambino Angela , Ferrari Federico , Olivari Alessandro , Zanotti Laura , Romani Chiara , Ardighieri Laura , Antonelli Paolo , Garganese Giorgia , Gallo Daniela , Scambia Giovanni , Bignotti Eliana , Sartori Enrico , Calza Stefano , Odicino Franco 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundRadical surgical resection of the primary tumor with mono/bilateral inguinofemoral lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and is frequently related to severe morbidity. Tailoring surgical treatment is of paramount importance, and a comprehensive preoperative evaluation is mandatory. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is considered a regulator of lymphangiogenesis involved in tumor spread via lymphatic vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of VEGF-D in the prediction of inguinofemoral lymph node metastasis.MethodsWe analyzed the preoperative levels of serum VEGF-D (sVEGF-D) from two independent cohorts of patients with VSCC by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its protein expression on tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. Logistic regression was performed to identify the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis, and Cox proportional hazard model was used for survival analysis.ResultsHigh levels of sVEGF-D, but not tissue VEGF-D, significantly correlated with positive groin nodes and a more advanced International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) stage. In multivariable analysis, a high sVEGF-D level was an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis and worse prognosis. A prediction model based on sVEGF-D, tumor grade assessed on biopsy, tumor diameter, and lymph node clinical evaluation was able to predict lymph node metastasis, reaching C-index values of 0.79 and 0.73 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively.ConclusionsThe preoperative sVEGF-D level might be a reliable biomarker for the prediction of lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients with VSCC, supporting better clinical/surgical decision. Multicenter prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
Diagnosis of Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Cognitive Impairment With No Dementia Using Radiomics of Cerebral Cortex and Subcortical Nuclei in High-Resolution T1-Weighted MR Imaging
Authors: Liu Bo , Meng Shan , Cheng Jie , Zeng Yan , Zhou Daiquan , Deng Xiaojuan , Kuang Lianqin , Wu Xiaojia , Tang Lin , Wang Haolin , Liu Huan , Liu Chen , Li Chuanming 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo investigate whether the combination of radiomics derived from brain high-resolution T1-weighted imaging and automatic machine learning could diagnose subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (SIVCIND) accurately.MethodsA total of 116 right-handed participants involving 40 SIVCIND patients and 76 gender-, age-, and educational experience-matched normal controls (NM) were recruited. A total of 7,106 quantitative features from the bilateral thalamus, hippocampus, globus pallidus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen, caudate nucleus, and 148 areas of the cerebral cortex were automatically calculated from each subject. Six methods including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were utilized to lessen the redundancy of features. Three supervised machine learning approaches of logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) employing 5-fold cross-validation were used to train and establish diagnosis models, and 10 times 10-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the generalization performance of each model. Correlation analysis was performed between the optimal features and the neuropsychological scores of the SIVCIND patients.ResultsThirteen features from the right amygdala, right hippocampus, left caudate nucleus, left putamen, left thalamus, and bilateral nucleus accumbens were included in the optimal subset. Among all the three models, the RF produced the highest diagnostic performance with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.990 and an accuracy of 0.948. According to the correlation analysis, the radiomics features of the right amygdala, left caudate nucleus, left putamen, and left thalamus were found to be significantly correlated with the neuropsychological scores of the SIVCIND patients.ConclusionsThe combination of radiomics derived from brain high-resolution T1-weighted imaging and machine learning could diagnose SIVCIND accurately and automatically. The optimal radiomics features are mostly located in the right amygdala, left caudate nucleus, left putamen, and left thalamus, which might be new biomarkers of SIVCIND.
Variation in Cancer Incidence Rates Among Non-Hispanic Black Individuals Disaggregated by Nativity and Birthplace, 2005-2017: A Population-Based Cancer Registry Analysis
Authors: Llanos Adana A. M. , Li Jie , Tsui Jennifer , Gibbons Joseph , Pawlish Karen , Nwodili Fechi , Lynch Shannon , Ragin Camille , Stroup Antoinette M. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesCompared to other racial and ethnic groups, little to no disaggregated cancer incidence data exist for subgroups of non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), despite heterogeneity in sociodemographic characteristics and cancer risk factors within this group. Our objective was to examine age-adjusted cancer incidence by nativity and birthplace among NHB cancer cases diagnosed in New Jersey.MethodsRace, ethnicity, and birthplace data from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry were used to classify NHB cancer cases diagnosed between 2005-2017. Thirteen waves of population estimates (by county, nativity, gender, age-group) were derived from the American Community Survey using Integrated Public-Use Microdata to approximate yearly demographics. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (overall and by site) by birthplace were generated using SEER*Stat 8.3.8. Bivariate associations were assessed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Trend analyses were performed using Joinpoint 4.7.ResultsBirthplace was available for 62.3% of the 71,019 NHB cancer cases. Immigrants represented 12.3%, with African-born, Haitian-born, Jamaican-born, ‘other-Caribbean-born’, and ‘other-non-American-born’ accounting for 18.5%, 17.7%, 16.5%, 10.6%, and 36.8%, respectively. Overall, age-adjusted cancer incidence rates were lower for NHB immigrants for all sites combined and for several of the top five cancers, relative to American-born NHBs. Age-adjusted cancer incidence was lower among immigrant than American-born males (271.6 vs. 406.8 per 100,000) and females (191.9 vs. 299.2 per 100,000). Age-adjusted cancer incidence was lower for Jamaican-born (114.6 per 100,000) and other-Caribbean-born females (128.8 per 100,000) than African-born (139.4 per 100,000) and Haitian-born females (149.9 per 100,000). No significant differences in age-adjusted cancer incidence were observed by birthplace among NHB males. Age-adjusted cancer incidence decreased for all sites combined from 2005-2017 among American-born males, immigrant males, and American-born females, while NHB immigrant female rates remained relatively stable.ConclusionsThere is variation in age-adjusted cancer incidence rates across NHB subgroups, highlighting the need for more complete birthplace information in population-based registries to facilitate generating disaggregated cancer surveillance statistics by birthplace. This study fills a knowledge gap of critical importance for understanding and ultimately addressing cancer inequities.
Lapatinib Suppresses HER2-Overexpressed Cholangiocarcinoma and Overcomes ABCB1– Mediated Gemcitabine Chemoresistance
Authors: Bai Zhiqing , Guo Zhiying , Liu Jiaxing , Chen Yu-Ann , Lu Qian , Zhang Ping , Hong Lili , Wang Yunfang , Dong Jiahong 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundRecent breakthroughs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) genomics have led to the discovery of many unique identifying mutations, of which HER2 has been found to be overexpressed specifically in cases of extrahepatic CCA. However, whether or not lapatinib (an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor selective for inhibition of HER2), or a combination of lapatinib and gemcitabine, exerts inhibitory effects on HER2-overexpressed CCA is still unclear.MethodsThe effect of lapatinib and a lapatinib-gemcitabine combination treatment on CCA was determined using organoid and cell line models. Cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and proteins involving HER2-dependent downstream signaling pathways were analyzed to assess the effect of lapatinib on HER2+ CCA. The synergistic effect of lapatinib and gemcitabine was interpreted by docking analysis, ABCB1-associated ATPase assay, rhodamine transport assay and LC-MS/MS analyses.ResultsdFdCTP, the active metabolite of gemcitabine, is proved to be the substrate of ABCB1 by docking analysis and ATPase assay. The upregulation of ABCB1 after gemcitabine treatment accounts for the resistance of gemcitabine. Lapatinib exerts a dual effect on HER2-overexpressed CCA, suppressing the growth of CCA cells by inhibiting HER2 and HER2-dependent downstream signaling pathways while inhibiting ABCB1 transporter function, allowing for the accumulation of active gemcitabine metabolites within cells.ConclusionsOur data demonstrates that lapatinib can not only inhibit growth of CCA overexpressing HER2, but can also circumvent ABCB1-mediated chemoresistance after gemcitabine treatment. As such, this provides a preclinical rationale basis for further clinical investigation into the effectiveness of a combination treatment of lapatinib with gemcitabine in HER2-overexpressed CCA.
Toripalimab in Combination With Induction Chemotherapy and Subsequent Chemoradiation as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Esophageal Carcinoma: Protocol for a Single-Arm, Prospective, Open-Label, Phase II Clinical Trial (TR-EAT)
Authors: Wu Lei , Wang Yi , Li Baisen , Wan Gang , Liang Long , Li Tao , Lang Jinyi , Wang Qifeng 
Published: April 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy combined with chemotherapy is safe and effective in treating advanced esophageal carcinoma; however, some patients still experience tumor progression and/or metastasis. Whether the addition of radiotherapy to immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy improves the prognosis of patients with advanced/metastatic esophageal carcinoma needs to be investigated. In the present study, we developed a protocol for our clinical trial indicating that toripalimab combined with induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy can safely prolong survival in patients with stage IV esophageal carcinoma. This open-label, single-arm, phase II trial will include patients with unresectable stage IV esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who have not received prior systemic therapy. The patients will be treated with two cycles of toripalimab (240 mg, 1 day before chemotherapy, Q3W) combined with induction chemotherapy (paclitaxel, 135–175 mg/m2 + carboplatin, area under the curve = 4–6, day 1, intravenous, Q3W). Thereafter, they will undergo two cycles of the aforementioned treatment with concurrent radiotherapy (30–50 Gy in 15–25 fractions), followed by toripalimab (240 mg, day 1, Q3W) for 1 year. The primary outcome measure will be progression-free survival; the secondary outcome measures will include the objective response rate, disease control rate, duration of remission, 1- and 2-year overall survival rates, safety and tolerability, and changes in health-related quality of life. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan Cancer Hospital (SCCHEC-02-2021-021). The trial is underway in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=126830, identifier ChiCTR2100046715.
Case Report: Advanced Skeletal Muscle Imaging in S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Deficiency and Further Insight Into Muscle Pathology
Authors: Petković Ramadža Danijela , Kuhtić Ivana , Žarković Kamelija , Lochmüller Hanns , Čavka Mislav , Kovač Ida , Barić Ivo , Prutki Maja 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionS-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency (SAHHD) is a rare inherited multisystemic disease with muscle involvement as one of the most prominent and poorly understood features. To get better insight into muscle involvement, skeletal muscles were analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) in three brothers with SAHHD in the different age group.MethodThe study was based on analysis of MRI and MRS of skeletal muscles of the lower and the proximal muscle groups of the upper extremities in three SAHHD patients.ResultsThree siblings presented in early infancy with similar signs and symptoms, including motor developmental delay. All manifested myopathy, more pronounced in the lower extremities and the proximal skeletal muscle groups, and permanently elevated creatine kinase. At the time of MRI and MRS study, the brothers were at the age of 13, 11, and 8 years, respectively. MRI revealed lipid infiltration, and the MRS curve showed an elevated muscle lipid fraction (higher peak of lipid), which increased with age, and was more prominent in the proximal skeletal muscles of the lower extremities. These results were consistent with muscle biopsy findings in two of them, while the third patient had no specific pathological changes in the examined muscle tissue.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that an accessible and non-invasive method of MRI and MRS is useful for an insight into the extent of muscle involvement, monitoring disease progression, and response to treatment in SAHHD.
Is There a Minimum Effective Dose for Vascular Occlusion During Blood Flow Restriction Training?
Authors: Das Arpan , Paton Bruce 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundBlood flow restriction (BFR) training at lower exercise intensities has a range of applications, allowing subjects to achieve strength and hypertrophy gains matching those training at high intensity. However, there is no clear consensus on the percentage of limb occlusion pressure [%LOP, expressed as a % of the pressure required to occlude systolic blood pressure (SBP)] and percentage of one repetition max weight (%1RM) required to achieve these results. This review aims to explore what the optimal and minimal combination of LOP and 1RM is for significant results using BFR.MethodA literature search using PubMed, Scopus, Wiley Online, Springer Link, and relevant citations from review papers was performed, and articles assessed for suitability. Original studies using BFR with a resistance training exercise intervention, who chose a set %LOP and %1RM and compared to a non-BFR control were included in this review.ResultTwenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. %LOP ranged from 40 to 150%. %1RM used ranged from 15 to 80%. Training at 1RM ≤20%, or ≥ 80% did not produce significant strength results compared to controls. Applying %LOP of ≤50% and ≥ 80% did not produce significant strength improvement compared to controls. This may be due to a mechanism mediated by lactate accumulation, which is facilitated by increased training volume and a moderate exercise intensity.ConclusionTraining at a minimum of 30 %1RM with BFR is required for strength gains matching non-BFR high intensity training. Moderate intensity training (40–60%1RM) with BFR may produce results exceeding non-BFR high intensity however the literature is sparse. A %LOP of 50–80% is optimal for BFR training.
The Effects of Psychological Interventions on Symptoms and Psychology of Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Zhongcao , Xing Xin , Tantai Xinxing , Xiao Cailan , Yang Qian , Jiang Xiaosa , Hao Yujie , Liu Na , Wang Yan , Wang Jinhai 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe effects of psychological interventions on symptoms and psychology of functional dyspepsia (FD) remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on symptoms and psychology of FD.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the role of psychological interventions in FD patients published before July 2021. Standardized mean differences (SMDs), risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by a random effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed.ResultsFourteen RCTs with a total of 1,434 FD patients were included. Compared with the control group, psychological interventions were significantly more likely to symptom improvement [RR = 1.74, 95% CI (1.12, 2.72), p = 0.01], relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores at follow up [SMD = −1.06, 95% CI (−1.55, −0.57), p &lt; 0.0001], relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores at end of treatment [SMD = −0.98, 95% CI (−1.29, −0.67), p &lt; 0.001], decrease anxiety [SMD = −0.8, 95% CI (−1.38, −0.22), p = 0.006] and depression levels [SMD = −1.11, 95% CI (−1.62, −0.61), p &lt; 0.001]. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that psychotherapy was more likely to symptom improvement, relieve gastrointestinal symptoms scores and decreased depression levels compared to the control.ConclusionsPsychological interventions may be effective in alleviating the symptoms and psychology of FD, but the effect appears to be limited to psychotherapy with fewer trials for other psychological interventions. More data from high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm their use in the treatment of FD.