bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Core Offset Waveguide Optical Sensor for Refractive Index Measurement
Authors: Paradita Dhea , Yulianti Ian , Suhantoro Mei 
Published: November 2022

<p>Refractive index is important parameter in various fields, such as environmental, chemical, industrial, and medical. Measurement of refractive index can be done using optical sensor based buried waveguide core offset. This research aims to fabricate and characterize core offset buried waveguide based on <em>Polymethyl Methacrylate </em>(PMMA). Fabrication of buried waveguide was done by creating a cladding of waveguide made from PMMA which has a refractive index of 1.4908 using computer numerical Control machine (CNC). The material used as waveguide core was unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). Characterization was performed to determine the spectrum of input intensity and output intensity. Characterization were done by dipping the waveguide sample in to a container containing glucose solution with concentration of 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 24%. Waveguide was connected to Polymer Fiber Optic (POF). One of the of POF as an input is connected to light emited diode with wavelength of 470 nm and one of the end other POF as an output was connected to Spectrometer Ocean Optic USB4000. The result showed that the total loss at concentration of 12%-24% is -4.62 dB, -5,70 dB, -6,01 dB, -6,49 dB, -6,15 dB, -6,16 dB, respectively. Sensor works well at a solution concentration of 16%-20% with a sensitivity value of 19.62 dB/RIU and correlation factor of 92.76%.</p><p> </p>
Identification Of Changes In Magnetic Clay Mineral Lattice Due To Batik Fabric Dyeing Process Using X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Mardayani Reza Sri , Rifai Hamidi , Dwiridal Letmi , Akmam Akmam , Mufit Fatni 
Published: November 2022

<p class="AbstractText"><span lang="EN-AU">Clay in West Sumatra has been developed as an industrial material, one of which is a natural dye for batik. The use of clay as a natural dye was previously known to have magnetic minerals contained in clay so as to produce color and resistance to fabrics. Currently, no one has investigated the types of magnetic minerals found in clay and their effect on color resistance in batik cloth, so this study aims to determine the types of magnetic minerals in clay and their effect on color resistance in batik cloth. Clay samples were taken from two areas in West Sumatra, namely Pesisir Selatan and Sijunjung. Samples were characterized from the extraction of clay using X-Ray Diffraction, where measurements were taken before and after the dyeing process on the fabric. The results showed that the types of magnetic minerals found in the clay before and after dyeing the fabric were Maghemite. In addition, the non-magnetic mineral found in clay is Quartz. The color resistance test on the CL-SPPS-210314-2 fabric sample did not change color, on the contrary, the CL-PSBSJJ-210421 fabric sample experienced quite a change from the original color of the fabric or before washing.</span></p><p class="AbstractText"> </p>
Structural Investigation and Properties Of Tio2 Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin Coating
Authors: Saputri Diani Galih , Bin Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Supriyanto Agus , Nasyori Achmad , Kunya Salisu I , Maarof Nurul Amiera Shahida , Abd Majid Siti Nurhaziqah , Mohd Ismail Anis Zafirah , Ahmad Ramli Shazleen 
Published: November 2022

<p>We report the structural properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> (Titanium dioxide) thin films grown using sol-gel spin coating method for temperature treatment (with temperature 50<sup>o </sup>C and without temperature) The difference in temperature is carried out to determine changes in the surface of the sample by using heating or not. Ideally, the thickness of the TiO2 layer ranges from 10-15<em><strong> </strong></em><em>μm</em>, therefore in this study it was carried out in 5 layers. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) consist of surface morphology, Cross-section sample, and EDX images, respectively, providing the structure of the surface. The result confirm that temperature treatment can damage the surface coating, this is proven by the shape of the crack in the coating.</p>
Optimal utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services among adolescents under group versus focused antenatal care in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Akunzirwe Rebecca , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina , Kalyango Joan N. , Zalwango Jane Frances , Ssemasaazi Judith Amutuhaire , Okello Tom , Buhuguru Remmy , Kiguli Sarah , Mubuuke Aloysius G. , Ononge Sam 
Published: November 2022

Background
Group antenatal care (G-ANC), an alternative to focused ANC (F-ANC), involves grouping mothers by gestational and maternal age. In high-income countries, G-ANC has been associated with improved utilization of health care services like Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services. Some low-resource countries with poor utilization of health care services have piloted G-ANC. However, there is limited evidence of its efficiency. We, therefore, compared G-ANC versus F-ANC with regards to optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services and assessed associated factors thereof among adolescent mothers in eastern Uganda. We defined optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services as the adolescent being up to date with HIV counseling and testing. If found HIV negative, subsequent timely re-testing. If found HIV positive, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) under option B plus for the mother. While for the infant, it entailed safe delivery, testing, feeding, and appropriate HIV chemotherapy.

Methods
From February to April 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 528 adolescent mothers in four sites in eastern Uganda. We assessed the optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services among adolescent mothers that had attended G-ANC versus F-ANC at the post-natal care or immunization clinics. We also assessed the factors associated with optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services among these mothers.

Results
Optimal utilization of PMTCT was higher among those in G-ANC than in F-ANC (74.7% vs 41.2, p-0.0162). There was a statistically significant association between having attended G-ANC and optimal utilization of PMTCT [PR = 1.080, 95%CI (1.067–1.093)]. Other factors independently associated with optimal utilization were; having a partner that tested for HIV [PR = 1.075, 95%CI (1.048–1.103)], trimester of first ANC visit: second trimester [PR = 0.929, 95%CI (0.902–0.957)] and third trimester [PR = 0.725, 95%CI (0.616–0.853)], and the health facility attended: Bugembe HCIV [PR = 1.126, 95%CI (1.113–1.139)] and Jinja regional referral hospital [PR = 0.851, 95%CI (0.841–0.861]

Conclusions
Adolescent mothers under G-ANC had significantly higher optimal utilization of PMTCT of HIV services compared to those under F-ANC. We recommend that the Ministry of Health considers widely implementing G-ANC, especially for adolescent mothers.
Effect of asthma, COPD, and ACO on COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uruma Yuka , Manabe Toshie , Fujikura Yuji , Iikura Motoyasu , Hojo Masayuki , Kudo Koichiro 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
The prevalence of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) in patients with COVID-19 varies, as well as their risks of mortality. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of asthma, COPD, and ACO as comorbidities, and to determine their risks of mortality in patients with COVID-19 using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We systematically reviewed clinical studies that reported the comorbidities of asthma, COPD, and ACO in patients with COVID-19. We searched various databases including PubMed (from inception to 27 September 2021) for eligible studies written in English. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model for measuring the prevalence of asthma, COPD, and ACO as comorbidities, and the mortality risk of asthma, COPD, and ACO in patients with COVID-19 was estimated. A stratified analysis was conducted according to country.

Results
One hundred one studies were eligible, and 1,229,434 patients with COVID-19 were identified. Among them, the estimated prevalence of asthma, COPD, and ACO using a meta-analysis was 10.04% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.79–11.30), 8.18% (95% CI, 7.01–9.35), and 3.70% (95% CI, 2.40–5.00), respectively. The odds ratio for mortality of pre-existing asthma in COVID-19 patients was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.55–1.4; p = 0.630), while that in pre-existing COPD in COVID-19 patients was 3.79 (95% CI, 2.74–5.24; p<0.001). France showed the highest prevalence of asthma followed by the UK, while that of COPD was highest in the Netherlands followed by India.

Conclusion
Pre-existing asthma and COPD are associated with the incidence of COVID-19. Having COPD significantly increases the risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19. These differences appear to be influenced by the difference of locations of disease pathophysiology and by the daily diagnosis and treatment policy of each country.
Aging behavior of three-proof polyurethane coatings under UV radiation
Authors: Wang Jianfa , Gu Zheng , Zhao Jie , Zhang Susu , Li Peiyao , Meng Chao , Sui Jinyong , Zhang Xiaoyi , Hu Shaokai , Pan Jiaying , Li Junyi 
Published: November 2022

The influence of UV radiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane resins and three-proof polyurethane coatings was examined. Changes of mechanical properties and the gloss of resins and coatings were determined. The structure of materials was confirmed using scanning microscopy SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR; thermogravimetric TGA and DTG studies were also performed. It turned out that the gloss of finished protective coatings was worse than the gloss of individual resins, and aging significantly lowered these values (from 81.3° to 8.9° in case of resins and from 61.1° to 2.8° in case of coatings after 1200 hours of irradiation). Tensile strength of resins decreased constantly during aging while their elongation at break decreased than increased reaching minimum at exposure time of 100 hours. In case of coatings, both tensile strength and elongation at break firstly decreased than increased reaching minimum at exposure time of 800 hours; after long exposure time, more than 1200 hours, these properties decreased again.
DISPARITAS PEMIDANAAN DALAM KASUS TINDAK PIDANA KHUSUS NARKOTIKA DI PENGADILAN NEGERI TANGERANG
Authors: Romdoni Muhamad , Fitriasih Surastini 
Published: November 2022

Disparitas pemidanaan di Pengadilan Negeri Tangerang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakadilan dan ketidakpastian hukum bagi para pelaku tindak pidana narkotika. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk melihat disparitas di Pengadilan Negeri Tangerang dan penyebab hakim menjatuhkan pidana penjara dari pada rehabilitasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pengkajian yang dilakukan terhadap 20 putusan yang dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pertama, telah terjadi Disparitas pemidanaan pada putusan terhadap pelanggaran Pasal 112 ayat (1), 114 ayat (1), 127 ayat (1) huruf a UU Narkotika. Kedua, faktor penyebab hakim menjatuhkan pidana penjara. Dari sisi subtansi hukum, perbuatan Terdakwa yang mengandung unsur-unsur Pasal 112, 114 dan 127 UU Narkotika memberikan peluang memilih pasal sesuai kehendak hakim. Dari sisi penegak hukum yang masih mengedepankan rasa efek jera melalui sanksi penjara.
How to best use procalcitonin to diagnose infections and manage antibiotic treatment
Authors: Schuetz Philipp 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a host-response biomarker that has shown clinical value for assessing the likelihood of bacterial infections and guiding antibiotic treatment. Identifying situations where PCT can improve clinical care is therefore highly important.

Methods
The aim of this narrative review is to discuss strategies for the usage and integration of PCT into clinical routine, based on the most recent clinical evidence.

Results
Although PCT should not be viewed as a traditional diagnostic marker, it can help differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial infections and inflammation states – particularly in respiratory illness. Several trials have found that PCT-guided antibiotic stewardship reduces antibiotic exposure and associated side-effects among patients with respiratory infection and sepsis. Studies have demonstrated that patient-specific decisions regarding antibiotic usage is highly complex. Factors to consider include: the clinical situation (with a focus on the pretest probability for bacterial infection), the acuity and severity of presentation, as well as PCT test results. Low PCT levels help rule out bacterial infection in patients with both low pretest probability for bacterial infection and low-risk general condition. In high-risk individuals and/or high pretest probability for infection, empiric antibiotic treatment is mandatory. Subsequent monitoring of PCT helps track the resolution of infection and guide decisions regarding early termination of antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions
PCT possesses high potential to improve decision-making regarding antibiotic treatment – when combined with careful patient assessment, evidence-based clinical algorithms, and continuous notification and regular feedback from all antibiotic stewardship stakeholders. Medical Journals such as Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) have played a critical role in reviewing and dissemination the high-quality evidence about assays for PCT measurement, observational research regarding association with outcomes among different populations, and interventional research proofing its effectiveness for patient care.
Tracking subject position change in U.S. Southwest Spanish: what 19th and 20th century Tucson newspapers tell us
Authors: Cerrón-Palomino Álvaro , Vana Rosti 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explores convergence in subject position in U.S. Southwest Spanish at the outset of its extensive contact with English. The data analyzed come from two Spanish newspapers published in Tucson, Arizona, in the years following the city’s annexation to the United States through the Gadsden Purchase in 1854:El Fronterizo(1878–1914) andEl Tucsonense(1915–1957). During this period of early language contact, the Hispanic population in Tucson faced a gradual process of anglicization that changed its status from majority in 1880 (63.8%) to minority in 1940 (29.9%). If there were structural convergence between the languages at stake, then there should be an English-driven gradual decrease across time in the postverbal subject use exhibited in the newspapers studied, as heritage varieties of Spanish develop. However, regressions with Rbrul show that, in the period analyzed, the probability of using postverbal subjects was not affected by the passing of time. Moreover, regression analyses show that the linguistic constraints affecting subject position in historical Tucson Spanish are basically the same that condition the variable in contemporary varieties: absence of a postverbal phrase, sentential subjects, presence of a preverbal phrase, unaccusative verbs, animate subjects and heavy subjects. This study also shows that the weakest factor groups in contemporary varieties of Spanish started their declining process at least a century ago.
Language contact in historical documents: the identification and co-occurrence of Egyptian transfer features in Greek documentary papyri
Authors: Dahlgren Sonja , Keersmaekers Alek , Stolk Joanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Egyptian-Greek contact situation has lasted almost a thousand years and many documents have been preserved to us from this period. In this paper, we apply a new quantitative approach to this rich corpus of documentary papyri to map the relationships between the linguistic variables (the variant spellings) and several non-linguistic variables. A multidimensional scaling of the co-occurrences of the linguistic variables shows that there is a strong association between most of the Greek variant spellings that can be explained by Egyptian phonological transfer, while others do not typically co-occur with them. Several new linguistic variables not yet connected to Egyptian phonological transfer also show a strong relation with the first group of features, some of them representing the same phonological transfer processes. A comparison of the contexts in which these variables are used allows us to further substantiate this observation: several of the previously and newly Egyptian-associated variables turn out to have a strong correlation with bilingual Egyptian-Greek documents or occur in Egyptian dominated environments. The spelling variants are chronologically dependent and different features are typically associated with different historical periods illustrating changes taking place in the Egyptian Greek contact variety over time. A multiple correspondence analysis shows that the variables strongly interact, illustrating the importance of a multifactorial approach combining various linguistic and non-linguistic factors.
The rationalisation of vowel diacritic spelling in Early Modern English (1500–1700)
Authors: Condorelli Marco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, a number of spelling solutions gradually became established in English as ways to indicate vowel quality, namely whether a vowel sound was different from another, and vowel quantity, that is to say whether a vowel was long or short. Among the solutions that arose to indicate vowel quality, <ea> and <oa> were introduced for spellings like sea and boat. For vowel quantity, ‘single’ consonants in pairs like <g> and <dg>, <ch> and <tch>, as well as <k> and <ck> began to be used for immediately preceding long vowels. My contribution explores all of the examples of vowel diacritic spelling mentioned above in printed English between 1500 and 1700, using a quantitative model for the analysis of patterns across a range of texts from Early English Books Online. The analysis shows an overall process of standardisation occurring between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, and provides fresh insights into the lexical distribution for the standardisation of vowel diacritic spelling. The discussion reflects upon the development of the spellings, and argues for pragmatic factors within the Early Modern English printing industry as responsible for their modern standardisation.
Non-syntactic factors and accessibility to relativization: evidence from Armenian
Authors: Hodgson Katherine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Data presented by Sakayan (Sakayan, Dora. 1993. On Armenian relative participles and their access to AH (Accessibility Hierarchy). In André Crochetière, Jean-Claude Boulanger and Conrad Ouellon (eds.), Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Linguists, Université Laval, 1992, vol. 2, 361–364. Sainte-Foy, Québec: Université Laval Press) show that Modern Eastern Armenian appears to violate the Relativization Accessibility Hierarchy (Keenan, Edward and Bernard Comrie. 1977. Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8. 63–99), as participial relative clauses may be used to relativize certain oblique and genitive elements, but apparently not indirect objects. Stimuli were constructed to elicit relative clauses on all positions in the hierarchy to investigate whether participial relativization violates the hierarchy and shed light on the factors affecting relativization accessibility phenomena. Two different manifestations of the Accessibility Hierarchy (AH) were investigated: the distribution of participial relative clauses (RCs), and ‘non-target’ responses, in which the relativized element is expressed with a grammatical relation other than that which is targeted by the stimulus. The results show that the hierarchies for these two manifestations are significantly different. If the AH effects were a mechanical reflex of syntactic structure, we would not expect to find these differences. In fact, it appears that different factors are dominant in each case, notably role-reference association for non-target responses, and role prominence in terms of topicality and affectedness for participial relativization. The fact that participles are not normally used for indirect object (IO), while they may be used for some obliques and genitives, makes sense when the AH effects are analyzed as the combined operation of a number of factors, rather than a mechanical reflex of syntactic structure, and indeed, in colloquial language, participles may be used for IO under some circumstances, for example when it is the undisputed primary topic. Thus there is good evidence that non-syntactic factors are key to the operation of the AH in its various manifestations, and can account for this supposed violation.
Effectiveness of Online Height Measurement Training for Parents
Authors: Yuniarti Fitri , Zuhairini Yenni , Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata 
Published: November 2022

Background: The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is high (30.8%), therefore, regular monitoring of children’s height growth is needed. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the health service’s checks are limited, as well as schools as a potential place to monitor children’s growth are closed. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of online height measurement training for parents.Methods: This was a quantitative research with one group pre-and post-intervention design. It was conducted in a rural area in West Java, from August to November 2021. The parents of school students were included with a purposive sampling method. The training media was in the form of height measurement videos. The assessment of parents’ skills was an online check sheet with a Likert scale of 1–5 using the Whatsapp application. Analyzes were performed with the Paired T-Test.Results: In total, 86 parents were included, all of whom were mothers with the majority (51.2%) age range of 36–45 year. Parental education varied with most elementary school graduates (27.9%). Most mothers did not work (59.3%). As for the students, the majority were female students (60.5%) between 6–9 years old. The skill score before and after training was effective (d=2.04; p=<0.001).Conclusion: Online height measurement training using video has high effectiveness in improving parents’ skills to self-practice measurement at home.
Analysis of Online Question-Answering Forums as Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Ikeya Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2022

Analyzing social interactions of CGM (Consumer Generated Media) is important for encouraging commnication among users. In the case of question-answering forums, users and QA boards constitute a heterogeneous network whose nodes are users/boards and edges are authorship. Discovering both user communities and board communities and finding correlations between them will clarify their characteristics. This paper describes an attempt for analyzing heterogeneous social networks obtained from Yahoo! Chiebukuro (Japanese Yahoo! Answers). A new measurement for the correlation between user communities and board communities is defined, and characteristics of discovered communities are analyzed using it.