bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term rotationalstability of AcrySof IQ Toric intraocular lens in cataract patients with myopia: a retrospective case study
Authors: luo jie , liu yang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the long-term rotational stability of AcrySof IQ Toric intraocular lens (IOL) in cataract patients with myopia.Methods Retrospective case study. In total, 120 eyes of 78 cataract patients with axial length (AL) 24–30 mm, corneal astigmatism ≥ 1.50 D and implantation of AcrySof IQ Toric IOL guided by the Version navigation system were collected. According to the AL, they were assigned to two groups: group A, 60 eyes with high myopia (AL ≥ 26 mm); group B, 60 eyes with low to moderate myopia (24 mm ≤ AL < 26 mm) The preoperative eye axis, best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), corneal astigmatism, IOL rotation at 24–48 months after operation, the proportion of eyes with IOL rotation less than 5° and 10°, rotation direction and residual astigmatism were recorded.Results The mean follow-up period was 34.27±4.98 months and the mean rotation degree was 2.73±1.29°. The rotation degree of Group A (2.87±1.31°) was slightly higher than that of Group B (2.59±1.27°), with no statistical significance (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in IOL rotation between the two groups at 24–36 months or 36–48 months postoperation (P> 0.05). The ratio of rotation ≤ 5° was 98.22%, with no patients with a rotation > 10°. The postoperative BCDVA was 0.13±0.03 LogMAR, which was significantly higher than that preoperation (X2 = 76.79, P< 0.05). The mean corneal astigmatism preoperation was 2.17±1.08 D, while the residual astigmatism postoperation was 0.41±0.26 D, which was statistically significantly lower (t=4.281, P< 0.05). Conclusion AcrySof Toric IOL can effectively correct corneal astigmatism in cataract patients with myopia and has good long-term rotational stability.
Ghana Ecological Risks: A Space Law and Science Education Approach to the Management Frameworks
Authors: NARTEY Emmanuel K 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article discusses what Ghana needs to do to progress its space and science education programmes to aid the development of legal and scientific education programmes for the management framework of biodiversity and ecosystem. The first part of the article examines previous academic literature produced on this topic which offers many clues about the challenges and opportunities facing Ghana, as well as the lessons that can be learned from both other space nations and actors in this field. When looking at perceptions, the second part explore material taken from ethically approved interviews which were conducted with experts in this field, whilst the third section provides an analysis of data taken from a survey in which respondents were asked targeted questions about Ghana’s space and science education program, before summarising the key findings. The findings help to better understand the effect of biodiversity and the ecosystem. Finally, recommends a future work is required in the area of preserving, sustaining and maintaining biodiversity and the ecosystem, management framework for invasive species, and biosecurity, management framework for environmental degradation and climate change, and a management framework that focuses on fair and equitable access to and sharing the benefit of biodiversity resources with all communities in Ghana and assessing and including biodiversity and ecosystem in the development process of space law and science education.
Ultrasound-Guided Attenuation Parameter（UGAP）A Valuable Alternative in Differentiation between Renal Angiomyolipoma without Visible Fat and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma? A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhu Jianing , Du Yiman , Jiang Bo , Zhao Ping , Li Jingbo , Li Qiuyang , Luo Yukun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the utility of the ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) for distinguishing between and differential diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma without visible fat (AML.wovf) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).
Methods
The study included 74 patients with pathological renal tumor (60 ccRCC and 14 AML.wovf from 46 men and 28 women). The UGAP, CT attenuation values, signal intensity (SI), and tumor-to-spleen SI ratios were determined for each renal mass. The mean of five consecutive scanning lines of UGAP was used. A radiologist, blinded to the pathology results, measured CT attenuation values and assessed decreased SI on opposed-phase images compared to in-phase images. Clinical and imaging variables were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and two-tailed Fisher exact test. The diagnostic performance of UGAP between MRI-determined SI index, tumor-to-spleen SI radio and CT attenuation values were compared.
Results
AML.wovf showed significantly higher UGAP value than ccRCC (0.7 ± 0.2 vs 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for UGAP was 0.89, which is better than MRI-based SI index (AUC = 0.74) and CT attenuation values (AUC = 0.81). UGAP had a lesion-level sensitivity of 93.3 (95% CI: 83–98); specificity, 57.0 (95% CI: 30–81); an accuracy of 83.8 (95% CI: 73–90). Test-retest reliability of UGAP was low. MRI-based SI index (P = 0.04) and CT attenuation values (P = 0.01) show significant difference between these two types of renal lesions. Kendall’s W coefficient of the UGAP test-retest reliability for ccRCC and AML.wovf was 0.888 and 0.805, respectively, both showing a strong consistency.
Conclusion
UGAP can be used to identify AML.wovf from ccRCC, and may offer a new way to ensure those with renal AML.wovf tumors avoid unnecessary surgery.
Filamentous nuclear actin regulation of PML-NBs during the DNA damage response is deregulated by prelamin A
Authors: Cobb Andrew , Silva Shanelle De. , Hayward Robert , Sek Karolina , Ulferts Svenja , Grosse Robert , Shanahan Catherine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nuclear actin participates in a continuously expanding list of core processes within eukaryotic nuclei including the maintenance of genomic integrity. In response to DNA damage, nuclear actin polymerises into filaments that are involved in the repair of damaged DNA through incompletely defined mechanisms. We present data to show that formation of nuclear F-actin in response to genotoxic stress acts as a scaffold for PML-NBs and that these filamentous networks are essential for PML-NB fission and recruitment of microbodies to DNA lesions. Further to this, we demonstrate that the accumulation of the toxic lamin A precursor prelamin A induces mislocalisation of nuclear actin to the nuclear envelope and prevents the establishment of nucleoplasmic F-actin networks in response to stress. Consequently, PML-NB activity during the DNA damage response is ablated and DNA damage repair is impaired. Inhibition of nuclear export of formin mDia2 restores nuclear F-actin formation by augmenting polymerisation of nuclear actin in response to stress and rescue of PML-NB function, leading to improved genome stability in cells expressing prelamin A.
Quantitative Image Features of Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced MRI for Predicting Glypican-3 Expression of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma ≤ 3 cm
Authors: Dong San-Yuan , Sun Wei , Xu Bin , Wang Wen-Tao , Yang Yu-Tao , Chen Xiao-Shan , Zeng Meng-Su , Rao Sheng-Xiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background/purpose of the study: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is associated with the occurrence and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To explore the value of quantitative image features of Gadoxetic Acid–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting GPC3 expression of single HCC ≤ 3 cm.Methods: One hundred and forty-nine patients with pathologically confirmed HCC (training cohort: n=117; validation cohort: n=32) were included retrospectively. Quantitative image features and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The significant predictors for GPC3 expression were identified using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Nomograms were constructed from the prediction model and recurrence rates was evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method.Results: Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 20 ng/mL (odds ratio [OR] = 5.215; p = 0.004) and tumor-to-liver signal intensity (SI) ratio on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) (OR = 0.003; p = 0.005) were independent significant factors for GPC3 expression. When these two factors were combined, the diagnostic specificity of the training cohort and validation cohort was 87.9 (29/33) and 90.0 (9/10), respectively. The nomogram based on the predictive model performed satisfactorily in the training (C-index: 0.856) and validation (C-index: 0.877) cohort. Recurrence rates were significantly higher in patients with GPC3-positive HCCs compared with those with GPC3-negative HCCs after curative resection in the training (45.9% vs. 25.0%, P=0.034) and validation (54.5% vs. 30.0%, P=0.042) cohorts.Conclusion: Serum AFP > 20 ng/mL combined with tumor-to-liver SI ratio on HBP are potential predictive factors for GPC3 expression of HCC ≤ 3cm. GPC3-positive is correlated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients.
Xylopia Aethiopica Suppresses Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cell Death in the Brain of Wistar Rats Exposed to Glyphosate
Authors: Adewale Omowumi Oyeronke , Adebisi Oluwaseun Abraham , Ojurongbe Taiwo A. , Adekomi Damilare Adedayo , Babatunde Isaac Olawale , Adebayo Emmanuel O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
: The herbicide “Roundup” is used extensively in agriculture to control weeds. However, by translocation, it can be deposited in plants, their proceeds, and in the soil, thus provoking organ toxicities in exposed individuals. Neurotoxicity among others is one of the side effects of roundup which has led to an increasing global concern about the contamination of food by herbicides. Xylopia aethiopica is known to have medicinal properties due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, it is hypothesized to neutralize roundup-induced neurotoxicity.
Materials and methods
Thirty-six (36) Wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were shared equally into six groups with six rats each. Glyphosate administration to three of the six groups was done orally and for one week. Either Xylopia aethiopica or vitamin C was co-administered to two of the three groups and also administered to two other groups and the final group served as the control.
Results
Our studies demonstrated that glyphosate administration led to a significant decrease in antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. We also observed a significant increase in inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor- α, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3, cox-2 and p53 proteins (p < 0.05). However, Xylopia aethiopica co-administration with glyphosate was able to ameliorate the aforementioned changes when compared to the control (p < 0.05). Degenerative changes were also observed in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex upon glyphosate administration. These changes were not observed in the groups treated with Xylopia aethiopica and vitamin C.
Conclusion
Taken together, Xylopia aethiopica could possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that could be used in combating glyphosate neurotoxicity.
Realizing the Promise of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Treatment Strategies for Individuals with HIV and Adherence Challenges: An Illustrative Case Series
Authors: Kilcrease Christin , Yusuf Hasiya , Park Joan , Powell Aaron , James Leon , Oates Jacob , Davis Brittany , Weld Ethel D. , Dooley Kelly , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Agwu Allison 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains the cornerstone of optimal HIV outcomes, including viral suppression (VS), immune recovery, and decreased transmission risk. For many people with HIV (PWH), particularly those with early-acquired HIV, structural, behavioral, and cognitive barriers to adherence and competing priorities related to life events may be difficult to overcome, resulting in nonadherence. Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapies (LAI-ART) may be a useful strategy to overcome some of these barriers. However, to date, the approved LAI-ART strategies (e.g., cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB/RPV)) have targeted those who have already attained viral suppression, precluding their use in the 40% of adolescents and young adults (AYA) that VS has eluded. Case presentation Ms. X is a 30-year-old female with perinatally-acquired HIV and barriers to adherence. Despite many interventions, she remained persistently viremic, with resultant immune suppression and multiple comorbid opportunistic conditions, and viral load (VL) >10,000,000 copies/ml. Given her longstanding history of poor adherence to an oral regimen, a switch to monthly intramuscular (IM) injections and biweekly infusions of ibalizumab were initiated leading to decreased viral load to 8,110 copies/ml within two weeks. Ms. H is a 33-year-old woman with cognitive limitations due to childhood lead poisoning. Her viral load trajectory took a downward turn, precipitated by various life events, remaining elevated despite intensive case management. Initiation of LAI-ART (CAB/RPV) in this patient led to an undetectable VL (<20 copies/ml) within two months of treatment initiation. Miss Y. is a 37-year-old woman with perinatally-acquired HIV and chronic challenges with nonadherence and longstanding immunosuppression with CD4 <200 cells/mm3 for >5 years. She received a 1-month oral lead-in (OLI) of cabotegravir/rilpivirine, followed by the injectable loading dose. She has since adhered to all her monthly dosing appointments, sustained VS, and transitioned to a bi-monthly injection schedule. Conclusion These three individuals with HIV (perinatally and non-perinatally acquired) with longstanding nonadherence were successfully initiated on LAI-ART through the process of care coordination and the collective efforts of the care team, highlighting the barriers, challenges, and the multidisciplinary coordination needed to assure successful implementation of this strategy for the most vulnerable of patients.
Using telepresence robots as a tool for COVID-19 pandemic research: a qualitative study
Authors: Hung Lillian , Lake Charlie , Hussein Ali , Wong Joey , Mann Jim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Long-term care (LTC) settings have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; it is vital to investigate unmet needs and explore practical strategies for supporting LTC residents and staff. The involvement of patient partners and family community members in research planning, implementation and evaluation is the basis of Patient-Oriented Research (POR) and has been challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic, as visitation restrictions and staff shortages have created barriers to conducting research in healthcare settings. As a result, innovative methods and tools are needed for conducting research emerged to support the research process. This study explored the use of telepresence robots, devices that enable a person’s presence to be felt during remote interviews, as innovative tools for participatory research.
Methods
We interviewed a team of 10 researchers who used a telepresence robot to conduct COVID research in British Columbia, Canada. The team includes academic researchers, graduate students and people living with dementia. Semi-structured one-to-one interviews were conducted by Zoom virtual meetings. Thematic analysis was performed to identify themes.
Results
Analysis of the data produced five themes on benefits and challenges with respect to using a telepresence robot to conduct interviews with residents in LTC. Themes of benefits: (1) Research Enabler, (2) User Friendly Technology, and (3) Increased Engagement. Themes of challenges: (4) Lack of Infrastructure and Resources, and (5) Training and Technical Obstacles. Based on the results, we offer “ROBOT” – an acronym created for actionable recommendations that inspire and support others to use telepresence robots for research. These recommendations include Realign to adapt, Organize with champions, Blend strategies, Offer timely technical assistance, and Tailor training to individual needs.
Conclusions
This study offers practical insights into using telepresence robots as a safe and innovative tool for conducting research remotely to meaningfully engage people with dementia in research in times of restricted access, as with COVID-19. Future research should apply more creativity and flexibility in adopting technology to expand possibilities for involving people with dementia in research.
Impacts of deforestation on childhood malaria depends on wealth and vector biology
Authors: Estifanos Tafesse Kefyalew , Fisher Brendan , Ricketts Taylor H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ecosystem change can profoundly affect human wellbeing and health, including exposure to vector-borne infectious diseases. Deforestation has increased human exposure to mosquito vectors and malaria risk in Africa, but there is little understanding of how socioeconomic and ecological factors moderate this relationship. We examined the relationship between deforestation and malaria prevalence for children under five in six Sub-Saharan African countries, using demographic and health survey data for 11746 children linked to remotely sensed environmental variables. We find that deforestation is associated with increased malaria prevalence. This relationship is strongest in the poorest households but not significant in the richest, suggesting deforestation has disproportionate health impacts on the poor. In poorer households, malaria prevalence is 27–33% larger for one standard deviation increase in deforestation. Deforestation is associated with increased malaria prevalence in regions where Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus are dominant vectors, but not in areas of An. arabiensis. These findings indicate that deforestation is an important driver of malaria risk among the world’s most vulnerable children, and its impact depends critically on often-overlooked social and biological factors. An in-depth understanding of the link between ecosystems and human health is crucial in designing conservation policies that benefit people and the environment.
Characteristics of Osteocyte and bone microstructure changes in S teroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: In Novel Exper imental Rabbit Models
Authors: Liu Quanzhe , Xu Bin , Cho MinJoon , Lee JaeHyup 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundExploring the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis and finding effective treatments have always been challenges faced by clinicians, and establishing suitable and reproducible experimental animal models of human disease is a prerequisite. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate the effect of steroid-induced ON model on femoral head osteocytes and bone microarchitecture, as an important indicator for the assessment of necrosis degree. MethodsThrough literature review, the common rabbit protocols were retrieved and summarized, and some improvements were made and implemented, such as methylpredinsolone(MPS) alone with or without lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and whether adjuvant surgical intervention. After a six-week induction period, the femoral heads were harvested and histologically assessed osteocyte changes that was divided three categories, alive(normal), dying(pyknotic nuclei) and dead(empty lacunae) and evaluated bone microarchitecture changes by using micro-ct.ResultsConsecutive high dose MPS(40mg/kg) with three times effectively reduced the proportion of normal osteocytes(78.99%±2.75 to 54.33%±7.92) in trabecular, simultaneously, increased pyknotic nuclei osteocytes(13.51%±2.3 to 36.07%±5.19) or empty lacunae (7.51%±1.65 to 9.59%±3.96). and for combination with LPS, the occurrence of ON was more pronounced in some samples, but a high mortality rate was also found that was 26.8%(11/41) within 24 hours after LPS(10μg/kg) injection. When adjuvant surgical intervention, changes were more obvious (normal osteocytes:41.59%±12.13 pyknotic nuclei:46.34%±9.24 and empty lacunae:12.03%±4.3). and the above methods had obvious negative effect on bone parameters on femoral head.ConclusionsSeveral consecutive high doses of steroid had certain degree of negative effect on the viability of femoral head osteocytes. And cutting off the supply vessel (ligamentum teres) is a direct and effective method that can lead to severe ONFH occurrence. This results can provide valuable experience and reference for future research on establishing models of necrosis of the femoral head with difference degrees.
Comparison of lignocellulosic enzymes between Ascomycetes (Trichoderma) and basidiomycetes (Ganoderma) species using proteomic approaches
Authors: Shankar Akshay , Jain Kavish Kumar , Kuhad Ramesh Chander , Sharma Krishna Kant 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wood decomposing ascomycetes and basidiomycetes group of fungi are the most valuable microbes on the earth’s ecosystem that recycle the source of carbon and are also essential for the biorefinery industries. To understand the robustness of the enzymes and their metabolic pathways of both groups of fungi, we performed label-free quantification of the total proteins of four fungal species. The study suggests two groups, i.e. ascomycetes (Trichoderma citrinoviride and Thermoascus aurantiacus) and basidiomycetes (Ganoderma lucidum MDU-7 and G. lucidum) possess diverse repository of enzymes. These fungi show a comparable quantity of protein abundance [T. citrinoviride (285), T. aurantiacus (206), G. lucidum MDU-7 (102), G. lucidum (242)]. The differentially regulated proteins of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes analyzed through heat map shows upregulated and downregulated proteins [25 differentially expressed proteins in T. citrinoviride (8.62 % up-regulated and 91.37 % down-regulated) and G. lucidum (5.74 % up-regulated and 94.25 % down-regulated)] by using the normalized PSMs and log2fold change. The identified proteins were similarly matched to the CAZymes family-like glycoside hydrolase (GH family), carbohydrate-binding module (CBM family) with auxiliary activities and also involve in the hydrolysis of carbohydrate, lignin, xylan, polysaccharides, peptides, and oxidoreductase activity that helps in antioxidant defence mechanism. The results of lignocellulolytic enzymes (laccases, cellulases, xylanases) from two different divisions of fungi and their proteomics study gives a better understanding of the uses of enzyme cocktails in carbon recycling and other biorefinery processes.