bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling spatial pattern of population distribution in 50 largest cities in the world: A geospatial approach
Authors: Subasinghe S , Wang R , Murayama Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In past decades, gradient pattern analysis has been used effectively to characterize the spatial pattern of population distribution in cities worldwide. Most of these studies have focused only on individual case studies or a limited number of cities. However, measuring, analyzing, and understanding complex spatial patterns of city population distribution requires comparative studies that extend beyond the isolated case of cities. Therefore, the present study analyses the spatial pattern of population distribution along the gradient distance from the city centers of the world’s 50 largest cities using LandScan™ population data from 2013 through a geospatial approach. For each city, the city center was demarcated based on a landmark place, and population density was calculated using concentric buffers from the city center. The study mainly identified five basic spatial patterns of population distribution along the gradient distance to the city center. In addition, the study contrasted the spatial patterns of population distribution between cities in developing and developed countries.
Estimation of vegetation cover changes using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Hartoyo A P P , Pamoengkas P , Mudzaky R H , Khairunnisa S , Ramadhi A , Munawir A , Komarudin K , Hidayati S , Sunkar A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) sector in Indonesia is expected to contribute 60% of the greenhouse gas emission reduction. The priority location for enhancing carbon stock as the mitigation action is natural forests, such as Mount Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP). The objectives of this research were to estimate vegetation cover changes in 2016, 2019, 2022, and to analyze the forestry programs affecting forest cover in MHSNP. This research used Landsat 8 satellite imagery. NDVI was categorized into five classes, specifically class 1 (the clouds/non-vegetation), class 2 (very low dense vegetation), class 3 (low dense vegetation), class 4 (moderately dense vegetation), and class 5 (highly dense vegetation). MHSNP vegetation cover consecutive in 2016, 2019 and 2022 is dominated by class 1 (35,94% or 31.508,45 ha), class 2 (30,86% or 27.053,73 ha), and class 5 (58,76% or 51.543,18%), respectively. In general, the large vegetation cover from 2016 to 2022 is increasing from 87.662,06 ha to 87.716,88 ha and is significantly denser. It might be caused by the success of the forestry program in MHSNP, such as increasing the rehabilitation area, tree adoptions, and restoration in collaboration with communities and companies.
Integration of LULC change/prediction and hydrological modeler for assessment of the effect of LULC Change on peak discharge in Sari Watershed, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan O , Nandini R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Flood is the main hazard that frequently occurs in Sari Watershed, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change, especially from the forest into non-forest coverage, may have contributed to the increased surface runoff and flooding frequency downstream. Because of the contradicting effects that these processes have on the risk of flooding, it is difficult to predict what the long-term impact of LULC changes will be on flooding in Sari Watershed. This study evaluated the effect of LULC change and prediction on peak discharge in the Sari watershed from 1990 to 2030. LULC maps of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were obtained by Landsat images classification, whereas 2025 and 2030 were from prediction. LULC change and prediction analysis used the ANN (Artificial Neural network)-CA (Cellular Automata) Markov model. Peak discharge for each year was calculated using the HEC-HMS model. The relationship between LULC change and peak discharge was analyzed with correlation analysis. The result showed that the trend of peak discharge dynamic was consistent with the tendencies of LULC change, particularly from forest coverage to non-forest coverage. Based on correlation analysis, the peak discharge dynamic correlated with the shift in LULC during the analysis period. The study result may provide a reference for flood risk reduction and LULC planning in Sari Watershed.
The use of texture analysis and band transformation on multispectral imagery to map open-pit mines using machine learning
Authors: Nugroho G , Sofan P , Nugroho U C , Suwarsono  , Pambudi A I , Yulianto F , Ichsan N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Indonesia has the potential for abundant natural mining resources. The Indonesian government needs to monitor mining activity to maintain environmental sustainability and the availability of mining materials in Indonesia. This study aims to map open mining areas based on remote sensing data. This mapping is one of the actions to support sustainable development goals for ensuring sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. This study was conducted in Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Island Province, Indonesia, using the multitemporal Sentinel-2 year of 2020-2021. Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and Principal Component Analysis were applied to improve the input band capability in mapping the distribution of open-pit mining locations. A pixel-based machine learning algorithm, Random Forest, was applied to classify mining and non-mining. Classification using texture analysis and spectral transformation mapped an open mining area of 30.67 km2. Classification using only image bands resulted from a mining area of 18.38 km2. The assessment showed that texture analysis and spectral transformation provided an accuracy of 1.22 % higher than the classification using a direct image input band. Overall, the accuracy obtained by both methods was 96.93 % and 95.71 %. Further research on validation with high-resolution data is still needed.
Determining of peri-urban in rice production centers area: Case study in Karawang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Mulya Setyardi Pratika 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the last decade, the Jakarta-Bandung Mega Urban (JBMUR) corridor has experienced rapid urbanization, including the Karawang Regency. In addition, Karawang has become a national center (rice barn), with an area of rice fields in 2019 reaching 95,000 ha and covering 54% of its regency. The socio-economic spatial context of this region provides a new notion of peri-urban characteristics in the rice production center area. This study aims to identify the peri-urban areas and explain the peri-urban rice production center areas. The approach is a case study using geographic information system analysis (intersect, clip, feature to point) and data tabulation. The data are land cover time series maps from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2019, village government maps (population and civil records 2019), and village potential data for 2011 and 2018. The analysis results show that the number of villages in the urban area is 49 villages, peri-urban 30 villages, and rural area 223 villages. Various variables were compared, showing urban area, peri-urban and rural area. Information on the characteristics of agricultural (rice field) centers can provide input for local governments in planning policy making.
Forest degradation and biomass changes over forest area in Indonesia’s new capital city and surrounding area
Authors: Adinugroho W C , Prasetyo L B , Kusmana C , Krisnawati H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic interventions in natural forests have resulted in deforestation and forest degradation. There is a reduction in the number of trees per unit area, which results in changes in forest biomass stocks. Deforestation and forest degradation are believed to contribute to increasing the atmosphere’s greenhouse gases. Satellite remote sensing has played an essential role in generating information about deforestation and forest degradation. This study aims to analyze forest degradation and biomass stock changes over forest area in Indonesia’s new capital city and surrounding area from 2010 to 2018. Spatial datasets from the Tropical Moist Forests project were used in the analysis and processed using Google Earth Engine. Changes in biomass were analyzed based on a biomass map that was produced using radar data. The results of this study clearly show that in the 2010-2018 period, there have been dynamics of forest cover changes in the new capital city of Indonesia and its surroundings, namely the occurrence of direct deforestation, deforestation after degradation, forest degradation, regrowth, and undisturbed forests. The rate of forest degradation was 34,216 ha yr-1 from 2010 to 2018. The highest rate of forest degradation occurred in 2015, along with the massive incidence of fires. The average aboveground biomass stock in the primary forest is 268 Mg ha-1, while 238 Mg ha-1 in the secondary forest. The loss of some trees resulted in a decrease forest biomass in 2018 by 6.7% of the forest biomass stock in 2010. Forest degradation events are caused mainly by logging and fires that generally occur in extreme drought conditions.
Spatial analysis of health risk due to contamination groundwater resources (a case study in Bandung District, Indonesia)
Authors: Hasanawi A , Salami I R S , Thufailah N A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPopulation growth affects the need for water which increases in quantity, followed by an increase in quality and continuity. The development of anthropogenic activities, agriculture, industry, and domestic resulted in a declining rate of clean water in Bandung District, especially in three areas, namely Ciparay, Dayeuhkolot and Margaasih sub-districts. Analysis samples of groundwater in South Bandung District showed an average pollution index of 11.42, which is included in the category of heavily polluted. Therefore, a public health risk assessment is carried out due to groundwater resources for hygiene and sanitation use. Risk characterization is carried out by quantitative methods of calculating the value of the Hazard Index with Monte-Carlo simulation analysis. Spatial analysis is carried out to show the range of risks that can be exposed to the community in the area. Spatial analysis can describe the effect of groundwater pollution and land use on health risk by calculating elevation on the Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation method in Geographic Information System Software. The Hazard Index value categorized child and adult values in each area, with spatial analysis resulting in high – low gradation. Range of hazard index show for Child – Ciparay and Adult – Ciparay respectively 1.15 – 0.08 and 1.16 – 0.22, for Child – Dayeuhkolot and Adult – Dayeuhkolot respectively 0.77 – 0.04 and 0.69 – 0.08, and for Child – Margaasih and Adult – Margaasih respectively 0.47 – 0.11 and 0.55– 0.14. Dermal exposure due to groundwater showed a non-carcinogenic risk in Ciparay Area in the Agriculture land use. Therefore, the stakeholder must periodically evaluate groundwater quality as hygiene and sanitation water, and the land use masterplan and management must be revised to reduce public health risks.
Biophysical landscape characterization of the upper pacal reservoir to support its sustainable management
Authors: Wahyuningrum Nining , Supangat Agung Budi , Auliyani Diah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pacal Reservoir provides irrigation to a total area of 16,688 hectares. Because of its critical importance for the downstream, activities in the upstream must be carefully controlled to maintain their functions. Information on the basic characteristics of landscape conditions is essential at the earliest stage of planning for sustainable land management. This paper aims to determine the characteristics of the upstream Pacal Reservoir and to analyze the areas that are likely suffering from degradation and contributing sediment. Thematic maps such as Area Function, Land Systems, Administration, Roads, and Rivers were used as well as Digital Elevation Model and Google Earth Imagery. The distribution of permanent vegetation, erosion hazard, the proper use of area function with actual land cover, and landslide hazard were investigated further. The spatial analysis indicates a moderate to very severe erosion hazard distributed in all land cover types. Deviations are in protected and production forest areas (2.15%) Land with a slope of >15% should be covered by permanent vegetation but used for seasonal covers (3.65%). Landslide hazards are low and moderate. Land rehabilitation is recommended mainly by maintaining/adding permanent vegetation in the degraded and potentially degraded areas.
The role of moisture regime and hydro-topography on tropical wetland ecosystem management
Authors: Nugraha L M , Putra P B , Marpaung B A , Nugraheni M , Agus C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Moisture and hydrological conditions have a close and fundamental relationship with tropical wetland ecosystems’ existence, characteristics, and function. Peatlands and mangrove ecosystems are wetland ecosystems but both have different unique edaphic characteristics so they are interesting as reference ecosystems. Events like land clearing, drainage, flooding, drought, and fires cause the degradation of peat and mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia. Moisture dynamics and hydro-topography will affect the quality of the land and the environment, so it is very important to study them to provide ecological information for the successful management and restoration of wetland ecosystems. This paper will discuss the role of moisture regimes and hydro-topography in the management of tropical peatlands and mangroves. This study uses a review method by data and information analysis from study reports, field observation notes, and journals simultaneously and in an integrated manner. Moisture regime and hydro-topography conditions on peatlands and mangroves indicate differences in vegetation types and key species. Hydrological characteristics and edaphic conditions are expected to become critical references in the effort to preserve and restore tropical wetland ecosystems, in this case, peatlands and mangrove ecosystems.
The estimation of biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forest ecosystem of Karawang Regency, West Java
Authors: Trissanti V N , Amalo L F , Handayani L D W , Nugroho D , Yuliani A R , Mulyana D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mangrove forest has a role in reducing carbon levels through the absorption from the atmosphere and its storage in several compartments such as plants, litter, and soil organic matter. It is important to estimate biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests, because mangroves are able to store three to five times more carbon than lowland tropical forests. The estimation of biomass and carbon stocks was carried out in Karawang Regency. The Calculation of stand biomass was carried out using a non-destructive method, and the data was converted into above-ground biomass values using allometric equations according to tree species. The results showed that the mangrove ecosystem at the tree level has the largest percentage of CO2 absorption, which is 54.55%, sapling level of 44.49%, and 0.96% for the seedling level. The location that has the most significant estimated average value of carbon stock is Sedari Village; meanwhile, the lowest average carbon stock value was found in Pusakajaya Utara Village. Based on the area of the mangrove ecosystem in Pusakajaya Utara Village, with a mangrove area of 39.62 ha, the total estimated upper carbon in the mangrove ecosystem in Pusakajaya Utara Village is 1264.67 tons C.
Impact of mangrove and seagrass ecosystem on marine productivity of Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Salma U , Bengen D G , Rastina  , Kurniawan F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The connectivity between seagrass and mangrove ecosystems has synergistic benefits of conserving the land-sea ecosystems of the small islands. The physicochemical properties of the two ecosystems lead to the success of the habitat of the interconnected zone. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical factors in the mangrove and seagrass ecosystems on Pramuka Island and understand the factors influencing the phytoplankton production of small island coastal ecosystems. Sediment and water collection were carried out on Pramuka Island, Indonesia, to measure physicochemical parameters. Mangrove and seagrass ecosystems have the highest DO, temperature, and pH values. The phytoplankton counts showed significant variation between the sampling sites with a predominance of the class Cyanophyceae. The estimated primary productivity of chlorophyll-a indicated that its concentration was higher in mangroves than in seagrass. A similar trend was observed in nutrient loads and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Results of the present study clearly showed that an increased concentration of dissolved inorganic nutrient influence the concentration of chlorophyll-a as an indicator of primary productivity. These findings will provide a preliminary analysis of the physicochemical conditions and productivity on Pramuka Island.
Telling emissions apart in a multiphoton resonance: visualizing a conditional evolution
Authors: Mavrogordatos Th K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We find that the phase-space representation of the electromagnetic field inside a driven cavity strongly coupled to a two-level atom can be employed to distinguish photon emissions along a ladder of dressed states sustaining a two-photon resonance. The emissions are told apart by means of the different quantum beats generated by the conditional states they prepare. Sample quantum trajectories explicitly reveal the difference in the transient due to the initial condition, in a background set by the Jaynes–Cummings spectrum and revealed by the strong-coupling limit. Their ensemble-averaged evolution is tracked for a time period similar to that waited for the loss of a next photon as the maximum non-exclusive probability, indicated by the peak of the intensity correlation function.
Modeling the electronic structure of organic materials: a solid-state physicist’s perspective
Authors: Cocchi Caterina , Guerrini Michele , Krumland Jannis , Trung Nguyen Ngoc , Valencia Ana M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modeling the electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors remains a challenge for theory, despite the remarkable progress achieved in the last three decades. The complexity of these systems, including structural (dis)order and the still debated doping mechanisms, has been engaging theorists with different background. Regardless of the common interest across the various communities active in this field, these efforts have not led so far to a truly interdisciplinary research. In the attempt to move further in this direction, we present our perspective as solid-state theorists for the study of molecular materials in different states of matter, ranging from gas-phase compounds to crystalline samples. Considering exemplary systems belonging to the well-known families of oligo-acenes and -thiophenes, we provide a quantitative description of electronic properties and optical excitations obtained with state-of-the-art first-principles methods such as density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. Simulating the systems as gas-phase molecules, clusters, and periodic lattices, we are able to identify short- and long-range effects in their electronic structure. While the latter are usually dominant in organic crystals, the former play an important role, too, especially in the case of donor/accepetor complexes. To mitigate the numerical complexity of fully atomistic calculations on organic crystals, we demonstrate the viability of implicit schemes to evaluate band gaps of molecules embedded in isotropic and even anisotropic environments, in quantitative agreement with experiments. In the context of doped organic semiconductors, we show how the crystalline packing enhances the favorable characteristics of these systems for opto-electronic applications. The counter-intuitive behavior predicted for their electronic and optical properties is deciphered with the aid of a tight-binding model, which represents a connection to the most common approaches to evaluate transport properties in these materials.
Visibility graphs of animal foraging trajectories
Authors: Paiva Leticia R , Alves Sidiney G , Lacasa Lucas , DeSouza Og , Miramontes Octavio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The study of self-propelled particles is a fast growing research topic where biological inspired movement is increasingly becoming of much interest. A relevant example is the collective motion of social insects, whose variety and complexity offer fertile grounds for theoretical abstractions. It has been demonstrated that the collective motion involved in the searching behaviour of termites is consistent with self-similarity, anomalous diffusion and Lévy walks. In this work we use visibility graphs—a method that maps time series into graphs and quantifies the signal complexity via graph topological metrics—in the context of social insects foraging trajectories extracted from experiments. Our analysis indicates that the patterns observed for isolated termites change qualitatively when the termite density is increased, and such change cannot be explained by jamming effects only, pointing to collective effects emerging due to non-trivial foraging interactions between insects as the cause. Moreover, we find that such onset of complexity is maximised for intermediate termite densities.
Analytic solution of the resolvent equations for heterogeneous random graphs: spectral and localization properties
Authors: Silva Jeferson D , Metz Fernando L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The spectral and localization properties of heterogeneous random graphs are determined by the resolvent distributional equations, which have so far resisted an analytic treatment. We solve analytically the resolvent equations of random graphs with an arbitrary degree distribution in the high-connectivity limit, from which we perform a thorough analysis of the impact of degree fluctuations on the spectral density, the inverse participation ratio, and the distribution of the local density of states (LDOSs). For random graphs with a negative binomial degree distribution, we show that all eigenvectors are extended and that the spectral density exhibits a logarithmic or a power-law divergence when the variance of the degree distribution is large enough. We elucidate this singular behaviour by showing that the distribution of the LDOSs at the centre of the spectrum displays a power-law tail controlled by the variance of the degree distribution. In the regime of weak degree fluctuations the spectral density has a finite support, which promotes the stability of large complex systems on random graphs.
Introduction
Authors: Arnull Anthony 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Introduction outlines the questions that this VSI attempts to answer. Why does the EU arouse such strong passions? As an organization based on international treaties, why has it proved capable of having such far-reaching effects on its Member States and their citizens and on countries that lie beyond its borders? Part of the explanation lies in its law and legal system, which have proved remarkably effective in ensuring that Member States respect the commitments made when they signed those treaties. But what exactly is EU law about? And how has it become part of the legal DNA of its Member States so much more effectively than other treaty-based regimes?