bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periapical lesion progression and cytokine expression in an LPS hyporesponsive model
Authors: Fouad A. F. , Acosta A. W. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare periapical lesion progression and the expression of the bone modulating cytokines IL‐1α, TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐6 and IL‐11 in periapical lesions of normal and C3H/HeJ (LPS hyporesponsive) mice.MethodologyPulps of both mandibular first molars from C3H/HeJ and BALB/c (normal) mice were exposed and inoculated with normal mouse oral microorganisms for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. After euthanasia, specimens were prepared for histological examination. A quantitative evaluation of the lesional area and immunohistochemical stain counts was performed.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in progression of periapical lesions for both mouse strains with time (two‐factor anova, P > 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining revealed no overall differences between the two strains in levels of expression of the cytokines (P > 0.05). IL‐11 expression did not change from control levels in BALB/c mice, but correlated with the expression of IL‐6 and IL‐4 in C3H/HeJ mice.ConclusionResponsiveness to LPS may not be significant in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions and in cytokine expression within the lesions, when the lesions are induced by non‐specific oral flora.
Induction of apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Kim Jai‐Min , Stapleton Fiona , Willcox Mark D P 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate exhausted‐medium‐induced apoptosis in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells in vitro. Methods: Confluent HCE cells were maintained in tissue‐culture medium for 5–7 days. The supernatant was harvested and fresh HCE cells were exposed to the exhausted supernatant for 24–48 h over a range of pH conditions. The exhausted medium was assayed for cytokines interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) by ELISA. Apoptotic cells were assessed using Hoechst 33342 Propidium iodide and Annexin V‐FITC staining and by the TUNEL assay. Results: Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells exposed to exhausted medium demonstrated a high incidence of apoptosis, which increased over time to 87 ± 5% after 48 h. Apoptosis was independent of pH. Cytokine levels were not elevated in the exhausted medium. Conclusions: This study suggests that exhausted medium can be used as a simple, rapid and potent positive control for apoptosis of HCE cells.
THE “OUTREACH” PROGRAM: A CONSULTANCY TO REDUCE CHRONIC DISEASE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN ABORIGINAL PEOPLE
Authors: We Hoy , A Kelly , M. Carmody 
Published: July 2002

Background: Aborigines in remote Australia are experiencing an epidemic of chronic disease. The “metabolic syndrome”, type 2 diabetes, hypertension cardiovascular, renal and chronic lung disease contribute to a 20‐25 yr reduction in life expectancy, and vast increases in renal failure. Prevention depends on socioeconomic advancement, education and better primary health care. However, modification of disease in people already afflicted is critical to stabilise families and communities. The Tiwi program has shown how quickly lives can be saved and dialysis avoided by timely intervention.The Outreach Program. will extend to other communities principles of risk factor identification, early diagnosis and treatment, that are already included in most regional & national guidelines. The program is supported by Rio Tinto and OATSIH, through the Australian Kidney Foundation. Diabetes Australia and the National Heart Foundation are collaborating for a unified approach. Program elements include education, training, algorithms for testing and treatment that emphasise simplicity, on‐site testing, familiarity with a limited number of medicines, ongoing medical support, help with recall & information systems and evaluation of process and outcomes. Participation of communities might be based on need (deaths and ESRD rates), unanimous request, and commitment of staff to participate in training, so that practices will be subsequently maintained in health care plans. Mechanisms of support will vary, based on the specific needs of each community: eg health worker training, local coordinators, facilitation of screening, refinement of medical management, and support of Aboriginal health promotion officers. A similar program, with a somewhat different approach, will operate from Flinders University. The program's reach and impact could be multiplied by establishing regional centres or reinforcing existing regional strategies nationwide, and asking local governments, NGOs and universities to bring additional support.
NUTRITION, BODY SIZE AND KIDNEY DIMENSIONS IN ABORIGINAL CHILDREN
Authors: G Singh , A White , J Spencer , Z Wang , W. Hoy 
Published: July 2002

BackgroundStandards for normal kidney dimensions by age and sex are available and usually relate to age or body height. The relationship of kidney dimensions with age or body size however are less clear if the child is stunted or wasted of had poor nutrition in early life when renal growth is maximal. Adverse early life nutrition has been linked to risk of renal as well as cardiovascular disease in adult life. We sought to study the kidney growth in children from an Aboriginal community where undernutrition in early life as well as renal disease in adult life are extremely common.Methods:We measured kidney length, width and depth using a standardized ultrasound method in 298 Aboriginal children (157 male and 141 female) aged 5‐18 years living in a remote community in Northern Australia. Anthropomorphic measurements were also made. Kidney volumes were calculated from measurements of length(L) width(W) and depth(D) using the ellipsoid formula KV = L x D x W X 0.523. We compared kidney lengths and volumes with published standards.Results:Proportions of children below the 10th %ile of NCHS growth standards are 35% weight for age, 21% height for age and 14% weight for height. All children studied had kidney lengths for age less than the 50th centile of Currarino’s (1984) standards and 80.1% were below the 50th centile reported by Rosenbaum (1983). In contrast, kidney length for body height was similar to that reported by Dinkel (1985) and Christophe (1986) as was kidney volume for body weight to Dinkels’ study (1985).Conclusion:Kidney dimensions in this high risk population are small for age but comensurate with body size. Expected kidney growth for children who are stunted or wasted should be compared to standards for height rather than age. Small volume kidneys for age may predispose to increased risk of renal disease later if other insults such as infection, diabetes and obesity occur.
COMPARISON OF INDIGENOUS AND NON‐INDIGENOUS PERITONEAL DIALYSIS COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOME IN THE TOP END
Authors: L. Zentner , PD. Lawton , A. Cass , S. McDonald , P. Snelling 
Published: July 2002

Aim To assess outcomes of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) in Indigenous (IP) and Non‐Indigenous (Non‐IP) patients the Top End.Method Prospective analysis using POET™ database of all patients between 1.1.1993 and 30.11.1999.Results Results for technique survival and infectious complications are shown in tables 1 and 2.
IS RESISTANT HYPERTENSION TRULY RESISTANT?
Authors: Brown Mark A , Buddle Megan L , Martin. Allison 
Published: July 2002

Objectives (1) to compare the magnitude of the white‐coat effect in patients with mild and resistant hypertension and (2) to determine the prevalence of controlled BP in patients with ‘resistant’ hypertension.Methods Referring doctors' BP was compared with awake and 24 hour ambulatory BP monitor (ABPM) BP in 922 hypertensive patients referred for ABPM by their general practitioners (42%) or specialists (58%). 432 were taking no antihypertensives at the time of their ABPM study (Group 0), 336 were taking 1‐2 antihypertensive drugs (Group 1) and 154 were taking ≥ 3 antihypertensive drugs (Group 2 ‐ resistant hypertension). Controlled BP was defined as awake ABPM BP < 135/85mmHg.Results Patients with resistant hypertension were significantly older (60 ± 13 yrs) than group 0 (44 ± 15 yrs) and group 1 (55 ± 14 yrs) patients (p < 0.001) but were of similar weight, height and upper arm circumference. The difference between referral BP and awake ABPM BP, the white‐coat effect (WCE), increased significantly across the groups (15/9 vs 26/14 vs 29/15 mmHg, p < 0.005). 34% of group 0 patients had normal ABPM BP, ie. white‐coat hypertension, while 34% of group 1 and 26% of group 2 patients had controlled BP by ABPM criteria.Conclusion Approximately 1 in 3 of this selected cohort exhibited white coat hypertension and 1 in 4 of those with apparent resistant hypertension had well controlled BP when assessed by 24 hour ABPM. ABPM appears an appropriate initial step in the investigation of both mild hypertension and apparent drug resistant hypertension, thereby reducing unnecessary drug treatment and investigations for secondary causes of hypertension in these patients.
Subordinal artiodactyl relationships in the light of phylogenetic analysis of 12 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes
Authors: Ursing Björn M. , Slack Kerryn E. , Arnason Ulfur 
Published: July 2002

Ursing, B. M., Slack, K. E. & Arnason, U. (2000) Subordinal artiodactyl relationships in the light of phylogenetic analysis of 12 mitochondrial protein‐coding genes. —Zoologica Scripta, 29, 83–88.Extant artiodactyls (even‐toed hoofed mammals) are traditionally divided into three main lineages: Suiformes (pigs, peccaries and hippopotamuses), Tylopoda (camels and llamas) and Ruminantia (bovids, deer, tragulids and giraffes). Recent molecular studies have not supported a close relationship between pigs and hippopotamuses, however, instead grouping hippopotamuses with Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises). In this study we have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of a tylopod — the alpaca (Lama pacos), the only artiodactyl suborder not previously represented by a complete mitochondrial sequence. This sequence was included in phylogenetic analyses together with the complete mitochondrial protein‐coding sequences of other artiodactyls plus two cetaceans. Despite the length of the data set, the relationship between Suina (Suiformes sine Hippopotamidae), Tylopoda and Ruminantia/Hippopotamidae/Cetacea could not be fully resolved, however, a basal position of the alpaca (Tylopoda) relative to the other artiodactyls/cetaceans was unsupported.
The impact of a modified ileal neobladder on the lifestyle and voiding patterns in Asian patients
Authors: Lee  , LI  , Cheng  , Foo  
Published: July 2002

Objective To evaluate the impact of the modified ileal neobladder reconstruction on lifestyle, voiding habits and functional outcome in Asian patients.Patients and methods Twenty‐seven Asian patients (25 men and two women, mean age 59 years, range 41–76) underwent modified ileal neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder. The mean (range) follow‐up was 21 (3–75) months. All patients were evaluated retrospectively using case notes, reviews, interviews and voiding charts; 18 patients underwent urodynamic studies.Result Twenty‐five patients (93%) achieved diurnal and 23 (85%) nocturnal continence within 6 months. Of the 19 patients who were in employment before surgery, 15 continued to be economically active afterward; 26 patients (96%) reported no change in their daily living activities. Of 16 men who reported being potent pre‐operatively only four retained some residual erectile function. Twenty‐three patients were interviewed about their voiding habits and satisfaction with the outcome of surgery. Fourteen patients had no sensation of reservoir fullness and of the 21 men, 13 had to squat or sit to void effectively. The mean (range) voiding frequency was 5 (4–8) during the day and 2 (0–4) during sleep. Twenty‐two patients were satisfied with the overall outcome.Conclusions The modified ileal bladder provides a high urinary continence rate with minimal changes in daily living activities and occupational status. The functional outcome was very satisfactory and accepted well, despite some changes in reservoir sensation, voiding posture and erectile function. The method is a viable option for reconstruction after cystectomy in Asian patients.
Interstitial radiofrequency therapy of the prostate in the management of acute urinary retention
Authors: Makar  , Thomas  , Fletcher  , Harrison  
Published: July 2002

Objective To evaluate in a prospective study the efficacy of interstitial radiofrequency therapy (IRFT) of the prostate in relieving acute urinary retention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Patients and methods Twenty‐seven patients presenting in acute urinary retention who failed at least one trial of voiding one week after presentation were treated with IRFT of the prostate. During the 6‐month follow‐up, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), urinary flow rate, post‐void residual volume (PVR) and serum creatinine were determined and changes in erectile and ejaculatory functions recorded. The treatment was considered successful if the patient resumed normal voiding, without compromising renal function and without troublesome lower urinary tract symptoms necessitating further treatment.Results Of the 26 evaluable patients, 77% resumed normal voiding. At 6 months after treatment, the mean (sd) IPSS had decreased from 15.0 (8.3) to 8 (5.4), the PVR from 950 (203) to 88 (60) mL and the maximum flow rate was 10.5 (4.36) mL/s.Conclusion IRFT of the prostate is a safe and effective treatment, at least in the short‐term, for relieving acute urinary retention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The longer term follow‐up is continuing.
The reliability of cysto‐urethrographic signs in the diagnosis of detrusor instability in children
Authors: Batista  , Caffaratti  , AraÑÓ  , Regalado  , Garat  
Published: July 2002

Objective To assess whether the signs associated with detrusor instability (DI), as assessed by video‐urodynamic studies, can be evaluated by conventional voiding cysto‐urethrography (VCUG).Patients and methods Fifty‐nine children who underwent cystometry and VCUG were reviewed and divided into two groups; group 1 comprised 51 neurologically normal children who had DI (47 girls and four boys, mean age 7.9 years, range 4–14), with no malformations or previous surgery. Most had mixed symptoms, including urinary tract infections (44) and nocturnal enuresis with daytime symptoms (20); group 2 (control) comprised eight children (seven girls, mean age 9.7 years, range 6–15) with a stable bladder and the same clinical presentation. The interval between VCUG and cystometry ranged from 1 day to 5 months (mean 47 days) and was similar in both groups. Signs considered suspicious of DI were sought in the findings of VCUG.Results In group 1, VCUG was normal or showed no specific signs (only vesico‐ureteric reflux or vaginal voiding) in 25 (49%) of patients, whereas 26 (51%) had some signs suspicious of DI. Suspicious signs were urethral ballooning (in 11), bladder trabeculation or a constricting ring (eight), a ‘spinning‐top’ urethra (three), urethral notching (two) and Mercier’s bar (one). In group 2, five patients had no abnormal findings on VCUG and three had suspicious signs. The positive predictive value of VCUG was high (0.89) but the diagnostic yield of suspicious signs was low, because the sensitivity (0.5), specificity (0.62) and overall accuracy (0.52) were low.Conclusion Radiological signs suspicious of DI cannot be regarded as such in conventional VCUG, as although they were detected in half the patients with DI, they also occurred in three of eight children with a stable bladder.
A low‐pressure rectosigmoid pouch created by side‐to‐side anastomosis with a stapling technique and sigmoid colon intussusception as an antireflux procedure
Authors: Denewer  
Published: July 2002

Objective To assess a new procedure of urinary diversion after cystectomy for bladder cancer.Patients and methods Thirty‐two patients (14 women and 18 men, mean age 54 years, range 35–70) treated by radical cystectomy for bladder cancer underwent urinary diversion using a new technique. After mobilization of the sigmoid colon, the splenic flexure and the upper rectum, two adjacent colotomies were made to complete a stapled side‐to‐side anastomosis, with intussusception and implantation of the ureters between the layers of the intussusceptum. Two ureteric stents (8F) were brought out through the iliac fossa, and a rectal tube introduced through the anus and the intussusception to the proximal colon. The reservoir was assessed by urodynamic studies, using the anorectal perfusion catheter.Results Twenty‐eight patients were continent day and night, with mild soiling in the remaining four at night. Complications included a urinary fistula in three patients and a fecal fistula in one; all were treated conservatively. Metabolic complications occurred in only two patients.Conclusion The pouch created has a low pressure, a high capacity and provides effective continence. Surgery remains adequately radical, by removing the prostate and the membranous urethra. The implanted ureters between the layers of the intussusceptum provided an effective antireflux mechanism and markedly improved kidney function. The intussusception prevents reflux of the pouch contents into the proximal colon and minimizes metabolic complications. The technique needs neither colostomy nor small intestinal manipulations.
Does voided urine cytology have biological significance?
Authors: Tut  , Hildreth  , Kumar  , Mellon  
Published: July 2002

Objective To (i) define any correlation between the result of voided urine cytology (VUC) at presentation and the biological behaviour of Ta/T1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder; and (ii) observe the natural history of Ta/T1 bladder cancer in relation to new prognostic groupings.Patients and methods The study comprised 109 patients with newly diagnosed Ta/T1 TCC of the bladder, all of whom had VUC assessed at presentation. Information on the number of tumours at presentation and the subsequent tumour recurrence rate during clinical follow‐up was compared with the outcome of VUC.Results Of the 109 patients, 67 (61%) had Ta and 42 (39%) had T1 tumours. At presentation, there were 75 (69%) solitary (Ta=50, T1=25) and 34 (31%) multifocal (Ta=17, T1=17) tumours. At presentation, VUC was negative in 71 (65%), suspicious in 22 (20%) and positive for urothelial carcinoma in 16 (15%) patients. During follow‐up, 58% of patients with Ta tumours and 83% of patients with T1 tumours developed recurrences (median follow‐up 43.5 months, P=0.01), although there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between these groups (P=0.096). In addition, for those patients with Ta tumours that were multifocal at presentation, there was a significantly higher recurrence rate (P=0.003). Although there was no correlation between the result of VUC and the number of tumours at presentation, there was a significantly higher tumour recurrence rate for those patients with suspicious/positive VUC than for those whose VUC was negative (P<0.05).Conclusion This study shows the impact of tumour multifocality at presentation on subsequent tumour recurrence rate. In addition, the VUC result at presentation correlated with tumour recurrence in patients with Ta/T1 TCC of the bladder.
Analysis of the microtopography of the skin by silicone replicas after repeated exposure to actinic radiation at high altitudes
Authors: Mazzarello V , Cametti M , Leone G , Iacovelli P , Ena P , Leigheb G 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe investigated the superficial microtopography of the normal skin of 11 volunteers (not exposed to sunlight during the last 4 months), before and after sun exposure for 5 days at high altitudes of 2900–4559 m. The experiments were carried out on Mount Rosa in Italy, and cutaneous replicas using silicone resin were taken every day after 7 h of sun exposure. Casts were taken from the forehead, glabella, dorsum nasi, radial side (protected with a cream SPF 9.72) and ulnar side of the back of the hands, the only areas not protected. A total of 422 replicas were metallized with gold‐palladium and observed under Zeiss 940A scanning electron microscope. The images were elaborated and analysed on computer with appropriate software supplying geometrical features of cutaneous surface using parameters proposed by Takahashi (1994). A Student’s test for paired series was used to analyse the differences before and after 1–5 days of exposure giving uniform and significant data compared with controls. Using cutaneous replicas we demonstrated that repeated exposure of skin to sunlight in a short time elicits temporary defence mechanisms with increased obstruction of cutaneous pores, deepening of primary cutaneous furrows and shallowing of part of the secondary furrows; the two latter alterations are the consequence of reactive oedema.
Modulation of substance P and somatostatin receptors in cutaneous lymphocytic inflammatory and tumoral infiltrates
Authors: Misery L , Bourchanny D , Kanitakis J , Schmitt D , Claudy A 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of receptors for neuropeptides in the skin is modified in skin diseases.ObjectiveWe studied the cutaneous expression of substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM) receptors (SPR and SSTR, respectively) in skin affected by cutaneous inflammatory or tumoral T‐cell infiltrates because these two neuropeptides are the ones most involved in inflammation.MethodsWe revealed expression of these receptors using a binding in situ technique that gave highly specific results. Skin biopsies were incubated with biotinylated neuropeptides (SP or SOM).ResultsIn normal skin, SSTR were observed on blood vessels, smooth muscle fibres and sweat glands. SSTR expression was modified only when expressed by keratinocytes in Ofuji papuloerythroderma and by plasmocytes in plasmocytoma. SPR distribution was not modified in subjects with atopic dermatitis or lupus. The expression of SPR in the epidermis was diminished in Ofuji papuloerythroderma and parapsoriasis and absent in mycosis fungoides.ConclusionsThese results suggest that malignant lymphocytic infiltrates can inhibit SPR expression on keratinocytes.
Pyoderma gangrenosum associated with sclerosing cholangitis, type 1 diabetes mellitus and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Goreti Catorze M , Pereira F , Fonseca F , Morbey A , Assis Pacheco F 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe the case of a 22‐year‐old black female with type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed when she was 12 years old. She first presented (March 1994) with pustules and ulcerations on the upper and lower limbs, trunk and scalp at the age 17. The diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum was made. Since presentation, changes in liver function were detected and subsequent study led to the diagnosis of sclerosing cholangitis. The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made after colonoscopy. Partial response was obtained with minocycline and clofazimine, but treatment with 5‐aminosalicylic acid achieved no improvement of the ulcerations. Liver transplantation, followed by immunosuppressive therapy led to complete regression of the cutaneous lesions.