bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoupling facial motion features and identity features for micro-expression recognition
Authors: Xie Tingxuan , Sun Guoquan , Sun Hao , Lin Qiang , Ben Xianye 
Published: November 2022

Background
Micro-expression is a kind of expression produced by people spontaneously and unconsciously when receiving stimulus. It has the characteristics of low intensity and short duration. Moreover, it cannot be controlled and disguised. Thus, micro-expression can objectively reflect people’s real emotional states. Therefore, automatic recognition of micro-expressions can help machines better understand the users’ emotion, which can promote human-computer interaction. What’s more, micro-expression recognition has a wide range of applications in fields like security systems and psychological treatment. Nowadays, thanks to the development of artificial intelligence, most micro-expression recognition algorithms are based on deep learning. The features extracted by deep learning model from the micro-expression video sequences mainly contain facial motion feature information and identity feature information. However, in micro-expression recognition tasks, the motions of facial muscles are subtle. As a result, the recognition can be easily interfered by identity feature information.

Methods
To solve the above problem, a micro-expression recognition algorithm which decouples facial motion features and identity features is proposed in this paper. A Micro-Expression Motion Information Features Extraction Network (MENet) and an Identity Information Features Extraction Network (IDNet) are designed. By adding a Diverse Attention Operation (DAO) module and constructing divergence loss function in MENet, facial motion features can be effectively extracted. Global attention operations are used in IDNet to extract identity features. A Mutual Information Neural Estimator (MINE) is utilized to decouple facial motion features and identity features, which can help the model obtain more discriminative micro-expression features.

Results
Experiments on the SDU, MMEW, SAMM and CASME II datasets were conducted, which achieved competitive results and proved the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Comparative Study of Online and Offline Shopping Behaviour among Undergraduate Girl Students
Authors: Takhellambam Aelena , Kala Shishir , Lal Sudhanand Prasad , Devi Manorama , Dandasena Sasmita 
Published: November 2022

Aim: The study aims to analyze the shopping behaviour (Online and Offline Shopping) of the students studying in remote and hilly area during the peak of pandemic.
Study Design: The study comprises of a descriptive research design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya which is located distantly form the capital city, Shillong during 2020-21.
Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to collect 60 samples form a college in Sangsangre, a small village in Tura.
Results: The findings of the study reveal that respondent shop mostly during discount and offer season online, number of purchases made is more than one in a week and almost all respondent relies on online shopping to purchase almost any product namely Habiliments, Electronic gadget, Books except for groceries, furniture and jewelry. Festive ads attract respondent go for online. Amazon and Myntra services are most preferable online portal.
Conclusion: It is evident that with the changing in the retail business due to digitalization and worldwide lockdown, customer behaviour also changes irrespective of the location.
Education and Medical Practice in Ancient Greece, the Alexandrian Period and the Western Roman Empire: Advantages and Disadvantages from a Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Güemes Luciana Elsa Acosta , Cusumano Ana María 
Published: November 2022

During pre-Hippocratic times, medical education and practice in Greece were influenced by supernatural and religious beliefs. With Hippocrates of Cos, the doctor ceased to be a religious healer to become a naturalist, since he studied disease for the first time as an objective natural phenomenon. Medical schools were founded with a model of education of disciples, with great ethical content, without study plans or formal title. They prioritized observation over theory. Aristotle influenced medicine for more than 2,000 years. Even though he was not a physician, his contributions to medicine were substantial. He was considered the founder of comparative anatomy, created the Lyceum of Athens and emphasized the importance of one's own observation and experience to be a good doctor and not just a philosopher. Later, the leading role in medical education passed into the hands of the School of Alexandria, where the first chair of anatomy in history originated. In the cities of Cos, Cnido, and Alexandria medicine was taught with an educational model that persisted until the first part of the Middle Ages, based on: freedom (teacher and student defined their own goals), disciple learning (started from observation: “see how I do it so you can do it later”): teaching-learning process based on the experience over the texts; strong ethical content (do good and do no harm). During the Roman Empire, the Greek knowledge was preserved and strengthened by the hand of Claudius Galenus and progress was made in the construction of the first hospitals, an assortment of instruments and medical specialization. Both periods, Greek and Roman, were independent of religious influences; a situation that propitiated an exercise and a rational medical education. However, with few exceptions, there was no place for women.
Growth and Yield of Tomatillo as Influenced by Planting Time and Macronutrients
Authors: Shamim Abdullah Salfe Al , Mostarin Tahmina , Khatun Khaleda , Nahar Shamsun , Begum Tahira , Uzzaman Md. Khokon , Ahmed Asif , Imtiaz Abdullah All , Rahaman Md. Anisur , Samad Md. Abdus 
Published: November 2022

With the use of a strategic pairing of planting time and macronutrients, tomatillo growth and yield can be boosted. Due to their complementing effects, the ideal combination of different planting times and macronutrients may significantly boost tomatillo growth and yield. The experiment was set by taking two treatment factors. Our treatment factors were: (1) Planting time (three time’s viz. T1 = 02 November, T2 = 12 November, and T3 = 22 November); and (2) Macro nutrients (four levels viz. F0 = N0P0K0 Kg/ha, F1 = N200P60K100 Kg/ha, F2= N250P90K120Kg/ha, F3 = N300P120K140 Kg/ha). The two factors experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In case of planting time, the sharp increase of fruits per plant (37.06), fruit weight (42.7 g), yield per plant ( 2.04 kg) and per hectare ( 85.06 t) were obtained from T3 (22 November). In case of macronutrients, the maximum number of fruits per plant (47.26), fruit weight ( 48.47 g), yield per plant ( 2.75 kg) and per hectare ( 114.59 t) were obtained from F1 (N200P60K100 Kg/ha). Combined effect (T3F1) had improved the number of fruits per plant (49.66), fruit weight ( 55.64 g), yield per plant ( 2.94 kg) and per hectare ( 122.84 t), vitamin C content (25.92 mg) and noted from T1F0 (02 November with N0P0K0Kg/ha) treatment combination that minimum number of fruits per plant (14.0), fruit weight ( 24.69 g), yield per plant ( 0.5 kg) and per hectare ( 20.85 t), vitamin C content (16.63 mg). So, the T3F1 treatment combination appeared to be the best for achieving the higher growth and yield of tomatillo.
A Comparative Study on the Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under Natural and Artificial Environments in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Baraya Y. S. , Abdulrazak A. 
Published: November 2022

Aims: The study was conducted to compare the alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under natural (river) and artificial (ponds) habitats in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.
Study Design: Whole blood and serum samples harvested from each group of the catfish were used for assessment of the haematological and biochemical parameters, respectively. Data were analyzed to compare changes between the two groups of African catfishes using T-test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Place and Duration of Study: Catfish samples were collected over a period of four weeks from Kwalkwalawa river and commercial fish farms in Sokoto metropolis. Samples for haematological parameters were determined at the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. The serum analyses were performed at the Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto.
Methodology: A total of fifty (50) whole blood samples were obtained from live African catfishes representing twenty-five (25) samples each from natural and artificial environments.
Results: The results showed significant changes in some haematological parameters, packed cell volume (P = 0.039), haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001), white blood cell count (P = 0.012), and differential neutrophils (P = 0.001) and lymphocytes (P = 0.001) counts between the two groups of African catfishes studied. Significant biochemical alterations in the total protein (P = 0.001), total bilirubin (P = 0.028) and direct bilirubin (P = 0.019) were observed in catfishes under natural and artificial environments.
Conclusion: This study shows that aquaculture environment has great influence on the haematological and biochemical parameters in African catfish. These changes were more evident in catfish reared under the natural environment. Hence, the alterations in haemato-biochemical parameters were suggestive of unhealthy state or chronic stressful condition in catfish perhaps due to natural and human caused stresses.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ephedra alata Extract against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Boutlelis Djahra Ali , Mounia Benkaddour , Salah Benkherara , Inass Shaib , Ibtissam Laib , Chaima Benine , Soumaya And Bdida 
Published: November 2022

Plants have been a source of important chemical compounds that can be used for treatment of different disease. Natural products in plants also are a source of active compounds and can be considered an alternative to synthetic molecules with high antioxidant potential. Objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of Ephedra alata extract. Methods: Phytochemical values namely, total phenolic, DPPH radical scavenging effect were studied by established methods. Antimicrobial properties of Ephedra alata was tested using cup-plate diffusion method and disc diffusion.
Results showed numerous secondary metabolic products including in plant Ephedra alata extract such as Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins were detected. And other metabolic products such as Steroids and Cardinolids are absent. The yield for the aqueous extract was 9.89%. However, the polyphenols extract content was equal to 0.004243 (mg GAE/ml extract. Effectiveness of antioxidant plant using DPPH free root was estimated at IC50= 0.901 mg/ml for aqueous extract. In antibacterial screening, the extract showed antibacterial power with zone of inhibitions compared to positive controls Penicillin against multi-resistant germs such as: Pseudomonase aeruginosa and Serratia fonticola responsible of many infectious. Growth inhibition varies with bacterial species and concentration of Ephedra alta extract.
4D Printing of Seed Capsule‐Inspired Hygro‐Responsive Structures via Liquid Crystal Templating‐Assisted Vat Photopolymerization
Authors: Tang Tengteng , Alfarhan Saleh , Jin Kailong , Li Xiangjia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe creatures in nature exhibit dynamic responses to environmental stimuli through their hierarchical architectures. Benefiting from gradient porous structures, Delosperma nakurense opens its protective valves of the seed capsules when hydrated with liquid water, increasing the likelihood that seeds are dispersed under conditions favorable to germination. Here, a versatile 4D printing technology, namely liquid crystal templating‐assisted vat photopolymerization (LCT‐VPP), which can fabricate bioinspired porous structures with hygro‐responsive capabilities by utilizing photopolymerization induced phase separation (PIPS) and liquid crystals (LCs) electro‐alignment is reported. PIPS within the LCs/nanofiller composites leads to the formation of submicrometer gradient porous structures after extracting nonreactive LCs. The electric field enables the programmable alignment of LCs, which in turn elongates the porous structures and aligns nanofillers. In addition, the programmable arranged nanofillers by the templated LCs enhance the degree of deformation and thus the resulting composites exhibit high shape control accuracy, fast dynamic response, and high reliability. This study opens a perspective for designing bioinspired smart materials with the special spatial distribution of porous structures. The results reported here can give rise to various potential applications in soft robots, smart anticounterfeiting devices, flexible sensors, and ultrafiltration membrane.
Improving OFF‐State Bias‐Stress Stability in High‐Mobility Conjugated Polymer Transistors with an Antisolvent Treatment
Authors: Nguyen Malgorzata , Kraft Ulrike , Tan Wen Liang , Dobryden Illia , Broch Katharina , Zhang Weimin , Un Hio‐Ieng , Simatos Dimitrios , Venkateshavaran Deepak , McCulloch Iain , Claesson Per M. , McNeill Christopher R. , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConjugated polymer field‐effect transistors are emerging as an enabling technology for flexible electronics due to their excellent mechanical properties combined with sufficiently high charge‐carrier mobilities and compatibility with large‐area, low‐temperature processing. However, their electrical stability remains a concern. ON‐state (accumulation mode) bias‐stress instabilities in organic semiconductors have been widely studied, and multiple mitigation strategies have been suggested. In contrast, OFF‐state (depletion mode) bias‐stress instabilities remain poorly understood despite being crucial for many applications in which the transistors are held in their OFF‐state for most of the time. Here, a simple method of using an antisolvent treatment is presented to achieve significant improvements in OFF‐state bias‐stress and environmental stability as well as general device performance for one of the best performing polymers, solution‐processable indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDT‐BT). IDT‐BT is weakly crystalline, and the notable improvements to an antisolvent‐induced, increased degree of crystallinity, resulting in a lower probability of electron trapping and the removal of charge traps is attributed. The work highlights the importance of the microstructure in weakly crystalline polymer films and offers a simple processing strategy for achieving the reliability required for applications in flexible electronics.
Discovery of Type II Interlayer Trions
Authors: Zhang Linglong , Zhou Fei , Zhang Xiaowei , Yang Shunshun , Wen Bo , Yan Han , Yildirim Tanju , Song Xiaoying , Yang Qi , Tian Ming , Wan Neng , Song Hucheng , Pei Jiajie , Qin Shuchao , Zhu Jiaqi , Wageh S. , Al‐Hartomy Omar A. , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Shen Haoliang , Liu Youwen , Zhang Han 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn terms of interlayer trions, electronic excitations in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) can be classified into Type I (i.e., two identical charges in the same layer) and Type II (i.e., two identical charges in the different layers). Type I interlayer trions are investigated theoretically and experimentally. By contrast, Type II interlayer trions remain elusive in vdWHs, due to inadequate free charges, unsuitable band alignment, reduced Coulomb interactions, poor interface quality, etc. Here, the first observation of Type II interlayer trions is reported by exploring band alignments and choosing an atomically thin organic–inorganic system—monolayer WSe2/bilayer pentacene heterostructure (1L + 2L HS). Both positive and negative Type II interlayer trions are electrically tuned and observed via PL spectroscopy. In particular, Type II interlayer trions exhibit in‐plane anisotropic emission, possibly caused by their unique spatial structure and anisotropic charge interactions, which is highly correlated with the transition dipole moment of pentacene. The results pave the way to develop excitonic devices and all‐optical circuits using atomically thin organic–inorganic bilayers.
Light‐Induced Agglomeration of Single‐Atom Platinum in Photocatalysis
Authors: Denisov Nikita , Qin Shanshan , Will Johannes , Vasiljevic Bojana Nedić , Skorodumova Natalia V. , Pašti Igor A. , Sarma Bidyut Bikash , Osuagwu Benedict , Yokosawa Tadahiro , Voss Johannes , Wirth Janis , Spiecker Erdmann , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith recent advances in the field of single‐atoms (SAs) used in photocatalysis, an unprecedented performance of atomically dispersed co‐catalysts has been achieved. However, the stability and agglomeration of SA co‐catalysts on the semiconductor surface may represent a critical issue in potential applications. Here, the photoinduced destabilization of Pt SAs on the benchmark photocatalyst, TiO2, is described. In aqueous solutions within illumination timescales ranging from few minutes to several hours, light‐induced agglomeration of Pt SAs to ensembles (dimers, multimers) and finally nanoparticles takes place. The kinetics critically depends on the presence of sacrificial hole scavengers and the used light intensity. Density‐functional theory calculations attribute the light induced destabilization of the SA Pt species to binding of surface‐coordinated Pt with solution‐hydrogen (adsorbed H atoms), which consequently weakens the Pt SA bonding to the TiO2 surface. Despite the gradual aggregation of Pt SAs into surface clusters and their overall reduction to metallic state, which involves >90% of Pt SAs, the overall photocatalytic H2 evolution remains virtually unaffected.
Search for Magnetoelectric Coupling at the 57Fe/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Interface Using Operando Synchrotron Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Authors: Mikheev Vitaly , Mantovan Roberto , Zarubin Sergei , Dmitriyeva Anna , Suvorova Elena , Buffat Philipp A. , Zenkevich Andrei V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultiferroic materials with coexisting ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders have attracted much attention due to the magnetoelectric coupling opening alternative prospects for electronic devices. Composite multiferroics containing separate ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components are a promising alternative to the single‐phase counterparts. Composite multiferroic structures comprising HfO2‐based ferroelectrics are potentially feasible for technological applications. Here, this study reports on the experiments aiming at the manifestation of magnetoelectric coupling at Fe/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) interface. Using synchrotron based 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy technique in operando, this study probes element‐selectively the local magnetic properties of a nanometer‐thick enriched 57Fe marker layer in functional Pt/57Fe/HZO/TiN capacitors and demonstrates the evidence of the ferroelectric polarization effect on the α‐Fe magnetic response. Besides α‐Fe exhibiting a magnetoelectric coupling, both ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic Fe3O4 components are found in the Mössbauer spectra, apparently originating from the oxygen or OH− ions penetrating ultrathin Pt overlayer during crystallization annealing of HZO. The observed effect as well as the electronic band lineup of the Fe/HZO interface elucidated from synchrotron based hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements are interpreted in terms of charge‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling at the Fe/HfO2 interface driven by ferroelectric HZO polarization reversal.
Illumination‐Dependent Photoelectric Anisotropy in Cs3Bi2I9 Single Crystal Sheets
Authors: Zhang Zhen Yu , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLead‐free all‐inorganic perovskite single crystals are being pursued intensively because of their reduced biological toxicity and enhanced material stability, greatly relieving two major bottlenecks of practical device applications. However, the investigation of their predicted photoelectric anisotropy is still absent, especially under visible and near‐infrared light illuminations. In this work, the high‐anisotropic photodetectors are reported based on Cs3Bi2I9 single crystal sheets. The photoelectric performances are superior along the high‐conductance cleavage plane (001), exhibiting over two‐order magnitude anisotropy in contrast with that along the high‐resistance cross‐plane. Particularly, these anisotropies are varied with illumination wavelengths of different penetration depths. Moreover, the anisotropy is also evidently influenced by illuminate positions due to the lateral self‐driven effects. This work enriches anisotropic photoelectric exploration in lead‐free all‐inorganic perovskite materials and may motivate new strategies to achieve performance‐improved in‐plane photodetectors.
Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Acylindolines through Cobalt‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/[3+2] Annulation of Aniline Derivatives and Acrylates
Authors: Tian Xun , Pan Ailin , Du Ya , Zhang Lening , Qin Cuirong , Duan Shengzu , Yang Lijuan , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn approach for 2‐acyl indolines synthesis through Cobalt‐catalyzed C−H activation/[3+2] annulation of aniline derivatives and acrylates is described. The method employs cobalt catalyst to afford a wide variety of functionalized 2‐acylindolines with high regioselectivity. The mechanism is investigated by KIE experiments and deuterium‐labeling experiment. The gram‐scale synthesis and synthetic transformations are also conducted, confirming the scalability and application value.magnified image
Redox‐Triggered Nanomedicine via Lymphatic Delivery: Inhibition of Melanoma Growth by Ferroptosis Enhancement and a Pt(IV)‐Prodrug Chemoimmunotherapy Approach
Authors: Bilbao‐Asensio Marc , Ruiz‐de‐Angulo Ane , Arguinzoniz Amaia Garaikoetxea , Cronin James , Llop Jordi , Zabaleta Aintzane , Michue‐Seijas Saul , Sosnowska Dominika , Arnold James N. , Mareque‐Rivas Juan C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of therapies is often hampered by limited tumor drug accumulation achieved through their intravenous administration, and by the lack of selectivity in targeting and killing cancer cells. Amplification of tumor redox stress and ferroptotic cell death to achieve selective killing of cancer cells using iron‐containing agents has attracted considerable interest. However, these agents need high doses and multiple injection regimens and have limited success in the treatment of cancers such as melanoma. Melanoma often metastasizes via lymphatic vessels, where the metastasizing cells experience less redox stress and are protected from ferroptosis. Here it is shown that phospholipid‐modified Pt(IV) prodrug‐loaded iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)‐filled micelles (mIONP‐PL‐Pt(IV)), which integrate redox reactivity and iron‐enabled catalytic therapeutic features with effective nanoparticle‐assisted lymphatic delivery, provide significantly enhanced suppression of melanoma tumor growth compared to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and IONP treatments. Peroxidase‐like activity, redox‐triggered release of cisplatin, and reactivity with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid are contributors toward the induction of a combined ferroptosis‐based and cisplatin anti‐melanoma treatment. Treatment with mIONP‐PL‐Pt(IV) provides significant tumor control using cumulative treatment doses 10–100‐fold lower than reported in intravenously administered treatments. This work demonstrates the potential of enhancing chemotherapeutic and iron‐based catalytic nanomedicine efficacy exploiting nanoparticle‐enabled lymphatic trafficking.