bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Favorable Cardiovascular Health Is Associated With Lower Prevalence, Incidence, Extent, and Progression of Extracoronary Calcification: MESA
Authors: Ogunmoroti Oluseye , Osibogun Olatokunbo , Mathews Lena , Esuruoso Olumuyiwa A. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Okunrintemi Victor , Burke Gregory L. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Budoff Matthew J. , Michos Erin D. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Extracoronary calcification (ECC)—measured at the aortic valve, mitral annulus, ascending thoracic aorta, and descending thoracic aorta—is an indicator of systemic atherosclerosis. This study examined whether favorable CVH was associated with a lower risk of ECC.

Methods:
We analyzed data from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants aged 45 to 84 years without cardiovascular disease at baseline. ECC was measured by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography scan at baseline and after an average of 2.4 years. Prevalent ECC was defined as an Agatston score >0 at the baseline scan. Incident ECC was defined as Agatston score >0 at the follow-up scan among participants with Agatston score of 0 at the baseline scan. Each CVH metric (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) was scored 0 to 2 points, with 2 indicating ideal; 1, intermediate; and 0, poor. The aggregated CVH score was 0 to 14 points (0–8, inadequate; 9–10, average; 11–14, optimal). We used Poisson and linear mixed-effects regression models to examine the association between CVH and ECC adjusted for sociodemographic factors.

Results:
Of 6504 participants, 53% were women with a mean age (SD) of 62 (10) years. Optimal and average CVH scores were associated with lower ECC prevalence, incidence, and extent. For example, optimal CVH scores were associated with 57%, 56%, 70%, and 54% lower risk of incident aortic valve calcification, mitral annulus calcification, ascending thoracic aorta calcification, and descending thoracic aorta calcification, respectively. In addition, optimal and average CVH scores were associated with lower ECC progression at 2 years, although these associations were only significant for mitral annulus calcification and descending thoracic aorta calcification.

Conclusions:
In this multiethnic cohort, favorable CVH was associated with a lower risk of extracoronary atherosclerosis. These findings emphasize the importance of primordial prevention as an intervention to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
Migraine‐Associated Mutation in the Na,K‐ATPase Leads to Disturbances in Cardiac Metabolism and Reduced Cardiac Function
Authors: Staehr Christian , Rohde Palle Duun , Krarup Nikolaj Thure , Ringgaard Steffen , Laustsen Christoffer , Johnsen Jacob , Nielsen Rikke , Beck Hans Christian , Morth Jens Preben , Lykke‐Hartmann Karin , Jespersen Nichlas Riise , Abramochkin Denis , Nyegaard Mette , Bøtker Hans Erik , Aalkjaer Christian , Matchkov Vladimir 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMutations inATP1A2gene encoding the Na,K‐ATPase α2isoform are associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Migraine with aura is a known risk factor for heart disease. The Na,K‐ATPase is important for cardiac function, but its role for heart disease remains unknown. We hypothesized thatATP1A2is a susceptibility gene for heart disease and aimed to assess the underlying disease mechanism.Methods and ResultsMice heterozygous for the familial hemiplegic migraine type 2–associated G301R mutation in theAtp1a2gene (α2+/G301Rmice) and matching wild‐type controls were compared. Reduced expression of the Na,K‐ATPase α2isoform and increased expression of the α1isoform were observed in hearts from α2+/G301Rmice (Western blot). Left ventricular dilation and reduced ejection fraction were shown in hearts from 8‐month‐old α2+/G301Rmice (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), and this was associated with reduced nocturnal blood pressure (radiotelemetry). Cardiac function and blood pressure of 3‐month‐old α2+/G301Rmice were similar to wild‐type mice. Amplified Na,K‐ATPase–dependent Src kinase/Ras/Erk1/2 (p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase) signaling was observed in hearts from 8‐month‐old α2+/G301Rmice, and this was associated with mitochondrial uncoupling (respirometry), increased oxidative stress (malondialdehyde measurements), and a heart failure–associated metabolic shift (hyperpolarized magnetic resonance). Mitochondrial membrane potential (5,5´,6,6´‐tetrachloro‐1,1´,3,3´‐tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide dye assay) and mitochondrial ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy) were similar between the groups. Proteomics of heart tissue further suggested amplified Src/Ras/Erk1/2 signaling and increased oxidative stress and provided the molecular basis for systolic dysfunction in 8‐month‐old α2+/G301Rmice.ConclusionsOur findings suggest thatATP1A2mutation leads to disturbed cardiac metabolism and reduced cardiac function mediated via Na,K‐ATPase–dependent reactive oxygen species signaling through the Src/Ras/Erk1/2 pathway.
A “Harsh” Culture, Alcoholism, Climate, and Social Hardship Explain National Differences in Suicide Rates
Authors: Minkov Michael , Kaasa Anneli , Akaliyski Plamen , Schachner Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Suicide is a major cause of death in Central and Northeast Europe and Northeast Asia. The literature on this geographic pattern has not reached consensus. The authors propose an analysis of the view that national culture may be a risk factor. They use measures of culture from a quasi-nationally representative 2015–2016 database, with over 50,000 respondents from 53 countries, and WHO suicide data for 2016. A correlation analysis across items reveals four cultural features of countries with high suicide rates (r with suicide rates > .40): parents are less likely to socialize children for helping, sharing money, forgiving offenses, and expressing feelings. These four items yield a single “harshness” factor (r with national suicide rates = .69). Measures of self-construals reveal that people in countries with high suicide rates are less helpful, generous, and forgiving, have less interest in others, lower personal stability, poorer mood, lower self-esteem and self-confidence, and use less deliberation before important decisions (r with suicide rates > .40). These items yield another “harsh culture” factor, strongly correlated with the previous. Harsh culture, alcoholism rates, climatic harshness, and social hardship (short life expectancy plus child and maternal mortality), explain 71 percent of the national variation in suicide.
Trends and Gaps in African Legislative Research: Major Topics from the 1960s–2021
Authors: Ambasa Elijah , Otele Oscar , Onyango Gedion 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article takes stock of African legislative studies, focusing on trends and gaps between the 1960s and 2021. It begins with a discussion on the nature of African legislative research by reviewing common research topics on African legislature between the mentioned period from leading scholarly journals in the field before delving into the generational studies and their specific foci. Particular circumstances under which African legislative studies operated are also noted. A notable feature of African legislative scholarship is that most of them are a product of different critical junctures in historical contexts in Africa, which underscores the importance of context-specific variables and histories in discerning legislative policymaking in Africa. The article demonstrates that legislatures are emerging as vital players in governance in some countries more than others, thus informing the recent comparative discourses for African legislative studies. Although the obtainable studies offer insights into the structure and operation of African legislatures, most fail to delve deep into the design and utility of various legislative functions and processes. This calls for a more focused study on the capacity of legislative committees and how they function. This review attempts to provide insights that may inform such an endeavour.
A Collaborative Effort to Better Understand, Measure, and Model Atmospheric Exchange Processes over Mountains
Authors: Rotach Mathias W. , Serafin Stefano , Ward Helen C. , Arpagaus Marco , Colfescu Ioana , Cuxart Joan , De Wekker Stephan F. J. , Grubišic Vanda , Kalthoff Norbert , Karl Thomas , Kirshbaum Daniel J. , Lehner Manuela , Mobbs Stephen , Paci Alexandre , Palazzi Elisa , Bailey Adriana , Schmidli Jürg , Wittmann Christoph , Wohlfahrt Georg , Zardi Dino 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this essay, we highlight some challenges the atmospheric community is facing concerning adequate treatment of flows over mountains and their implications for numerical weather prediction (NWP), climate simulations, and impact modeling. With recent increases in computing power (and hence model resolution) numerical models start to face new limitations (such as numerical instability over steep terrain). At the same time there is a growing need for sufficiently reliable NWP model output to drive various impact models (for hydrology, air pollution, agriculture, etc.). The input information for these impact models is largely produced by the boundary layer (BL) parameterizations of NWP models. All known BL parameterizations assume flat and horizontally homogeneous surface conditions, and their performance and interaction with resolved flows is massively understudied over mountains—hence their output may be accidentally acceptable at best. We therefore advocate the systematic investigation of the so-called “mountain boundary layer” (MoBL), introduced to emphasize its many differences to the BL over flat and horizontally homogeneous terrain.
An international consortium of scientists has launched a research program, TEAMx (Multi-Scale Transport and Exchange Processes in the Atmosphere over Mountains–Program and Experiment), to address some of the most pressing scientific challenges. TEAMx is endorsed by World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) project as a “cross-cutting project.” A program coordination office was established at the University of Innsbruck (Austria). This essay introduces the background to and content of a recently published white paper outlining the key research questions of TEAMx.
Establishing a Multicenter Network for Patients With Thyroid Nodules and Cancer: Effects on Referral Patterns
Authors: van Dijk Sam P.J. , Lončar Ivona , van Veen-Berkx Elizabeth , Edward Visser W. , Peeters Robin P. , van Noord Charlotte , Massolt Elske T. , Castro Cabezas Manuel , Schouten Marlise , von Meyenfeldt Erik M. , van Ginhoven Tessa M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a qualitative evaluation of the Thyroid Network, with a quantitative analysis of second opinion referrals for patients in the southwestern part of the Netherlands who have thyroid nodules and cancer.MethodsThis prospective observational study registered all patients with thyroid nodules and cancer who were referred to the academic hospital from 2 years before and 4 years after the foundation of the Thyroid Network. We implemented biweekly regional multidisciplinary tumor boards using video conference and a regional patient care pathway for patients with thyroid nodules and cancer. For qualitative evaluation, interviews were conducted with a broad selection of stakeholders via maximum variation sampling. The primary outcome was the change in second opinions after the foundation of the Thyroid Network.ResultsSecond opinions from Thyroid Network hospitals to the academic hospital decreased from 10 (30%) to 2 (7%) two years after the start of the Thyroid Network (P = .001), while patient referrals remained stable (n = 108 to 106). Qualitative evaluation indicated that the uniform care pathway and the regional multidisciplinary tumor board were valued high.DiscussionEstablishing a regional network, including multidisciplinary tumor boards and a care pathway for patients with thyroid nodules and cancer, resulted in a decrease in second opinions of in‐network hospitals and high satisfaction of participating specialists.Implications for PracticeThe concept of the Thyroid Network could spread to other regions as well as to other specialties in health care. Future steps would be to assess the effect of regional collaboration on quality of care and patient satisfaction.
Identification of ITGAX and CCR1 as potential biomarkers of atherosclerosis via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Yan Sheng , Meng Lingbing , Guo Xiaoyong , Chen Zuoguan , Zhang Yuanmeng , Li Yongjun 
Published: March 2022

Objective Atherosclerosis (AS) is a life-threatening disease in aging populations worldwide. However, the molecular and gene regulation mechanisms of AS are still unclear. This study aimed to identify gene expression differences between atheroma plaques and normal tissues in humans. Methods The expression profiling dataset GSE43292 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the atheroma plaques and normal tissues via GEO2R, and functional annotation of the DEGs was performed by GSEA. STRING and MCODE plug-in of Cytoscape were used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and analyze hub genes. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to verify the hub genes. Results Overall, 134 DEGs were screened. Functional annotation demonstrated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, apoptosis, lysosome, and more. Six hub genes were identified from the PPI network: ITGAX, CCR1, IL1RN, CXCL10, CD163, and MMP9. qPCR analysis suggested that the relative expression levels of the six hub genes were significantly higher in AS samples. Conclusions We used bioinformatics to identify six hub genes: ITGAX, CCR1, IL1RN, CXCL10, CD163, and MMP9. These hub genes are potential promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for AS.
Profiles, Correlates and Outcomes Among Patients Experiencing an Onset of Mental Disorder Based on Outpatient Care Received Following Index Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Gabet Morgane , Cao Zhirong , Fleury Marie-Josée 
Published: March 2022

Objective This 5-year longitudinal study evaluated patients with an onset of mental disorder (MD) following index emergency department (ED) visits, in terms of (1) patient profiles based on 12-month outpatient follow-up care received, (2) sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and (3) adverse health outcomes for the subsequent 2 years. Methods Data from administrative databases were collected for 2541 patients with an onset of MD, following discharge from Quebec ED. Latent class analysis was performed to identify patient profiles based on the adequacy of follow-up care after ED discharge. Bivariate analyses examined associations between class membership and sociodemographic and clinical correlates, high ED use (3 + visits/yearly), hospitalizations, and suicidal behaviors. Results Five classes of patients were identified. Class 1, the smallest, labeled “patient psychiatrist only,” included mainly young patients with serious MD. Classes 2 and 3, roughly 20%, were labeled “high use of patient general practitioner (GP) and psychiatrist” and “low use of patient GP and psychiatrist,” respectively. Both included patients with complex MD, but Class 2 had more women and older patients with chronic physical illnesses. The 2 largest classes were labeled “no usual patient service provider” (Class 5) and “patient GP only” (Class 4). Class 5 included more younger men with substance-related disorders, while Class 4 had the older patients living in rural areas, many with common MD and chronic physical illnesses. Class 3 patients had the poorest outcomes, followed by Classes 1 and 2, while Classes 4 and 5 had the best outcomes. Conclusions Results revealed that nearly 40% of patients experiencing an onset of MD received little or no outpatient care following ED discharge. Higher severity or complexity of MD and, to a lesser extent, no or low GP follow-up may explain these adverse outcomes. More adequate, continuous care, including collaborative care, is needed for these vulnerable, high-needs patients.
Fatal Respiratory Failure in a Term Newborn Due to Non-previously Described Compound Heterozygous ABCA3 Mutations
Authors: Fernández Irene Sanz , Raposo Marta Brezmes , Francisco César Villa , Orriols Juan José Tellería , Rodríguez María Miñambres , Temprano Marianela Marcos , Velázquez María Pino , García-Abril Carmen Fernández , Pozo Vanesa Matías del , Barrezueta Lorena Bermúdez , Gutiérrez Marta Benito , Vázquez Asunción Pino 
Published: March 2022

The adenosine triphosphate binding cassette member A3 (ABCA3) is a lipid transporter involved in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis. ABCA3 deficiency is increasingly being recognized as a cause of respiratory distress syndrome in term neonates. The clinical spectrum and severity of lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutations vary widely. We present a term newborn who presented respiratory distress short afterbirth. Despite treatment and supportive care, she developed a refractory progressive hypoxic respiratory failure and she died. She received repeated surfactant doses always with transient improvement. She was found to be a compound heterozygote for 2 non-previously described ABCA3 gene mutations, one inherited from each parent.
Late side effects of cancer treatment in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Keikhaei Bijan , Bahadoram Mohammad , Keikha Amin , Bahadoram Sara , Hassanzadeh Shakiba , Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Childhood cancers are usually treated with chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. The present study aimed to investigate the late complications of treatments in childhood cancer survivors. Methods This study is a retrospective descriptive study. A total number of 93 cases were enrolled in this study. These cases had a history of childhood cancer documented in their medical records at the Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The age range was 5.9–21.3 years and included 62 males and 31 female patients. Results Many of the patients at this hospital with childhood cancer had experienced chemotherapy side effects as well as late effects of cancer therapy. Hypothyroidism is a late complication of therapy in thoracic cancers and head/neck tumors with relative frequencies of 23.1% and 12.5%, respectively. Scoliosis was observed in the patients undergoing the ABVD + COPP and 8/1 regimens with relative frequencies of 4% and 50%, respectively. Lower growth percentiles were also late side effects of cancer therapy. The highest relative frequency of growth retardation was observed in the <5 age group (46.7%). Restrictive lung changes had an overall relative frequency of 6.5% in male patients with all types of tumors. Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in patients with leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma with relative frequencies of 8.7% and 24.0, respectively. Conclusion The occurrence of most side effects could be decreased through early diagnosis, dose adjustment of some drugs, and preventative measures.
Temporary Reperfusion of the Aneurysm Sac as a Prevention of Spinal Cord Ischemia After Endovascular Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Spinella Giovanni , Finotello Alice , Pisa Fabio Riccardo , Conti Michele , Pratesi Giovanni , Pane Bianca , Lanzarone Ettore 
Published: March 2022

Background Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is still a feared complication for patients suffering from thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) who undergo endovascular treatment. The aims of this work are to review the available literature on different reperfusion methods of the aneurysm sac, and to analyze whether the different reperfusion methods, also in combination with other factors, are effective in reducing SCI risk and if the impact varies with the patient’s age. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE library was searched for studies published until November 2020 concerning TAAA, endovascular repair, and SCI preventive measures. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Primary outcome consisted of correlation between endovascular repair techniques (type A: single step; type B: staged approach with reperfusion branches; type C: staged sequential approach with positioning of the thoracic component). A logistic-weighted regression for each event (SCI, transient, and permanent) was then performed with type of treatment, age, and interaction between them as input factors. Finally, another logistic-weighted regression was performed to analyze the other relevant factors for which observations are available together with the endovascular technique. Results Data from 53 studies with a total of 3095 patients were analyzed. Type A, type B, and type C endovascular strategies were adopted in 75%, 13%, and 12% of studied patients, respectively. Data showed that both type B and type C treatments are associated with lower risk of SCI, with a higher reduction of type C with respect to type B, although this positive trend is limited for elder patients. Moreover, a greater aortic diameter, a reduced aneurysm extent, and the absence of cerebrospinal fluid drainage positioning contribute to lower the risk of SCI. Concerning permanent SCI, both type B and type C are effective in reducing percentages for all ages, with type C treatment more beneficial for younger patients and type B for elder ones. Conclusion According to the anatomy and the endovascular repair feasibility criteria, staged endovascular treatment appears to offer relevant advantages over single-step treatment in reducing the risk of SCI, regardless of the reperfusion method adopted.