bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 vaccination: Willingness and practice in Bangladesh
Authors: Faruk Avinno , Al Quddus Ishmam 
Published: May 2022

SummaryMotivationThe urgency and scale of mass adult immunization for COVID‐19 presents a huge challenge for any low‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC) like Bangladesh. Our analysis focuses on demand‐side constraints early in the vaccination campaign to help gauge vaccine acceptability and potential contributing factors. Identifying registration and compliance challenges early on will help ensure a seamless immunization programme.PurposeWe seek to identify subgroups who may need specific interventions by comparing willingness to be vaccinated and registration behaviour, and to understand how actual registration and take‐up decisions compare between rural areas and urban slum areas.Approach and MethodsWe use data from three surveys conducted between late January and early September 2021. The article includes a nationally representative survey on vaccine acceptability and a study on vaccination rollout behaviour in rural and urban slums.FindingsWillingness was not an issue in Bangladesh, but the challenge was getting individuals to register. Once they did, compliance was very high. When the information gap regarding registration was addressed by campaigning, registration and take‐up increased. Confidence in public service delivery influenced favourable responses to mass immunization efforts. Women were falling behind initially in terms of both registration knowledge and completion. Online registration needed to be complemented with alternatives. Social networking was a vital source of information and encouragement.Policy implicationsCommunication strategies are necessary to inform the public at an early stage, and these should provide information about registration eligibility and detailed registration instructions. Ensuring and sustaining service quality is also beneficial. In LMICs like Bangladesh, low‐tech intensive registration methods are required. Information campaigns about the registration procedure should specifically target rural communities and women. Community‐based mechanisms may reduce transaction costs and increase confidence.
Antimicrobial prescribing and antimicrobial resistance surveillance in equine practice
Authors: Wilson Amie , Mair Tim , Williams Nicola , McGowan Catherine , Pinchbeck Gina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly serious threat to human and animal health, therefore responsible use of antimicrobials in equine practice is vital. There is a need to have accurate, up to date data on antimicrobial prescribing in equine practice in the UK.ObjectivesTo characterise current antimicrobial prescribing practices by equine veterinarians and to describe surveillance, audit processes and identification of AMR.Study designOnline cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based survey.MethodsAn online questionnaire targeting veterinarians who treat horses in the UK and Europe was distributed. The questionnaire collected data on participants' country of origin, practice policies, prescribing practices including use of high priority critical antimicrobials. Four common clinical case‐based scenarios were included to further explore prescribing practice. Responses were compared using both descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 264 veterinarians from Europe (n = 33/264) and the UK (n = 231/264); 87% respondents worked only with horses and 67% worked at premises with hospitalisation facilities. Approximately half of respondents (54.4%) had a written antimicrobial use or stewardship policy within their practice. Over half of respondents did not perform any environmental surveillance (54.2%), audit of clinical infections (53.1%) or audit of infection control (57.1%). Potentiated sulphonamides were cited as the most used antimicrobial, although 44% reported using enrofloxacin in the last year and 66% used 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins. Prophylactic antimicrobials before clean surgery were frequently/always prescribed by 48% respondents and 24% respondents frequently/always prescribed antimicrobials post‐operatively in clean surgery.Main limitationsPotential selection bias of respondents, given individuals volunteered to take part in the survey.ConclusionsCompared with a previous similar study conducted in 2009, overall antimicrobial usage appeared to be declining in clinical scenarios and a greater proportion of practices now have stewardship policies. However, the use of high priority critical antimicrobials is still relatively common in equine practice in the UK and Europe.
Training the equine respiratory muscles: Ultrasonographic measurement of muscle size
Authors: Fitzharris Laura E. , Hezzell Melanie J. , McConnell Alison K. , Allen Kate J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited information exists regarding changes in the size of respiratory and locomotor muscles in response to exercise training in the Thoroughbred racehorse.ObjectivesTo describe and compare the responses of the respiratory and locomotor muscles to conventional exercise training and inspiratory muscle training (IMT).Study designProspective randomised controlled trial.MethodsThoroughbred racehorses, in training for competition in National Hunt races, were recruited from two training establishments. Ultrasonographic images were obtained for selected muscles of the upper airway, diaphragm, accessory respiratory, and locomotor systems and their sizes measured. Examinations were performed at three timepoints: (A) when unfit, (B) following 12 weeks of conventional exercise training and (C) following 10–12 weeks continued training at race fitness. In addition, horses at yard 1 performed IMT, between timepoint B and C, and were randomly assigned into high‐load (treatment) or low‐load (control) group. Repeated measures models were constructed to compare the change in muscle measurements over time, and to investigate the effects of yard, previous airway surgery and IMT on the change in ultrasonographic size measurements obtained.ResultsUpper airway muscle size increased in response to conventional race training between timepoints A–C, and B–C. Diaphragm size increased in response to conventional exercise training between timepoints A and B. The diaphragm size of horses that undertook high‐load IMT was either maintained or increased, whereas diaphragm size decreased in horses that undertook low‐load IMT or no IMT between timepoints B and C. A significant interaction between gluteal muscle size and airway surgery status was observed, with greater gluteal muscle thicknesses measured in horses that had not previously undergone airway surgery (left gluteal 3.9%,p < 0.001; right 4.5%,p = 0.04).Main limitationsLow number of horses underwent IMT.ConclusionsRespiratory and locomotor muscles increase in size in response to conventional exercise training, with a further change in diaphragm size in response to inspiratory muscle training.
Human capital, innovation, and growth
Authors: Eriksson Clas , Lindén Johan , Papahristodoulou Christos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the interaction between human capital and innovation in the process of economic growth. Using a model of endogenous growth, we focus on how taxes and other policy instruments affect the incentives to invest in human capital. In contrast to many other growth models we find that the taxation of human capital has a substantial negative effect on its accumulation. This in turn reduces innovation and, consequently, the income growth rate. More surprisingly, other policies that are intended to stimulate growth may have opposing effects on innovation and the accumulation of human capital. For example, while subsidies to research and to intermediate inputs do have positive effects on innovation and growth, they lead to a lower stock of human capital, in the empirically relevant case when the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption is low.
Workplace learning in Crowdwork Questionnaire (WLCQ): Measuring self‐regulated learning and skill development in online platform work
Authors: Margaryan Anoush , Albert Julian , Charlton‐Czaplicki Timothy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses learning and development processes in online platform work. Specifically, it proposes a new instrument to survey and analyze self‐regulated workplace learning in crowdwork, a type of online platform labor in which a global pool of workers are matched with clients through digital platforms to carry out remunerated tasks. Although workplace learning practices of workers in traditional, organisationally embedded jobs have been studied extensively, the findings cannot be transferred to describe and explain learning behaviors within crowdwork, which is fundamentally different from traditional work in that it is autonomous, radically distributed, and no organisationally provided training opportunities exist in crowdwork. To advance the understanding of workplace learning in crowdwork we reviewed the literature on workplace learning, platform work, and self‐regulated learning to develop the Workplace Learning in Crowdwork Questionnaire, which we subsequently validated with 992 crowdworkers from six European countries on three crowdwork platforms. The instrument can be used by researchers to study the nature of (self‐directed) workplace learning in online labor platforms. It can also be used by crowdworkers to self‐reflect on their learning and development.
Workplace stressors and PTSD among psychiatric workers: The mediating role of burnout
Authors: Ham Elke , Seto Michael C. , Rodrigues Nicole C. , Hilton N. Zoe 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTCritical workplace events (e.g., assaults), chronic stressors, burnout, and work conditions all affect nurse well‐being. The present study investigated associations among these sources of stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in psychiatric nurses, hypothesizing that burnout would mediate the paths between workplace stressors and PTSD. Surveys were completed by 611 psychiatric nurses or allied health staff working on inpatient units in three psychiatric hospitals. Participants reported on critical events and chronic stressors specific to providing psychiatric care and completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) (work conditions), and PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Burnout had a direct relation to PTSD symptoms and partially mediated the effect of exposure to critical events, but not chronic stressors, on PTSD symptoms. Chronic stressors related to patients' disturbing behaviour (e.g., flooding room, eating non‐food items) had a direct effect on PTSD symptoms, but those related to resisting care (e.g., screaming constantly, physically resisting care) had no significant association. Worklife conditions had a negative direct effect on Burnout and indirect effect on PTSD, whereby participants reporting poorer alignment of work conditions with their expectations had higher Burnout and PTSD symptom scores. Different sources of workplace stress have different relations to PTSD symptoms, and Burnout has both direct and mediation effects. Interventions aimed at reducing patients' aggressive and disturbing acts and improving healthcare providers' burnout and worklife factors in hospitals may all be needed to reduce PTSD among psychiatric staff.
Intervention efficacy of MARSI nursing management on skin injury at peripherally inserted central catheter insertion site on oncological patients
Authors: Zhao Yi , Bian Lingling , Yang Jinna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the intervention efficacy of medical adhesive‐related skin injury (MARSI) nursing management at peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion site on oncological patients. This study used the case‐control research method. We randomly divided 156 patients with PICCs implanted in our hospital's surgery department from January 2019 to December 2020 into a control group (85 patients) and an intervention group (71 patients). The control group was the conventional nursing care group, and the intervention group was the MARSI nursing management group. Through implementing a series of interventions (ie, risk assessment, risk prevention, and risk management) for the MARSI nursing care management group, the incidence rate of MARSI, and its types (including mechanical injury, dermatitis, maceration, and folliculitis) were compared between the two groups. The total incidence rate of MARSI was 30.59% in the control group and 7.04% in the intervention group (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence rate of mechanical injury in the control group was 12.94%, which decreased to 2.82% after intervention (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence rate of dermatitis in the intervention group was 11.76%, which decreased to 2.82% after intervention (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. By implementing MARSI nursing care management, the incidence rate of MARSI at PICC insertion site can be effectively reduced.
Living arrangements and satisfaction of current arrangement among autistic adults reported by autistic individuals or their caregivers
Authors: Song Wei , Nonnemacher Stacy L. , Miller Kaitlin Koffer , Anderson Kristy , Shea Lindsay L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiving arrangements is an essential component of the social environments for autistic adults. The need to understanding the status and experience of living arrangements has been highlighted.AimThis study examined living arrangements and satisfaction with current arrangements of autistic adults reported by autistic adults or caregivers of autistic adults.MethodsThis study used data from a statewide survey of autistic adults or caregivers.ResultsOlder autistic adults and those employed and had higher financial resources were more likely to live alone or with a roommate or spouse than to live with family or in a supervised setting. Correlates of greater satisfaction included being young, either men or women (vs. non‐binary adults), public insurance, fewer service needs, no or one mental health diagnosis (vs. two or more), no psychiatric emergency room or hospitalisation history, and living with a roommate or spouse (vs. living with family).ConclusionThis cross‐sectional study adds to the literature on the status of living arrangements and satisfaction with living arrangements among autistic adults. Future research is needed to investigate contributing factors to the satisfaction of living arrangements and quality of life among autistic adults.
Atopic dermatitis: pathomechanisms and lessons learned from novel systemic therapeutic options
Authors: Bieber T. , Paller A.S. , Kabashima K. , Feely M. , Rueda M.J. , Ross Terres J.A. , Wollenberg A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, heterogenous, inflammatory skin disorder associated with a high skin‐related health burden, typically starting in childhood and often persisting into adulthood. AD is characterized by a wide range of clinical phenotypes, reflecting multiple underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and interactions between genetics, immune system dysregulation and environmental factors. In this review, we describe the diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in AD, including the critical role of T‐cell‐driven inflammation, primarily via T helper (Th) 2‐ and Th17‐derived cytokines, many of which are mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathway. These local inflammatory processes interact with sensory neuronal pathways, contributing to the clinical manifestations of AD, including itch, pain and sleep disturbance. The recent elucidation of the molecular pathways involved in AD has allowed treatment strategies to evolve from broad‐acting systemic immunosuppressive therapies to more targeted agents, including JAK inhibitors and cytokine‐specific biologic agents. Evidence from the clinical development of these targeted therapies has reinforced and expanded our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD and holds promise for individualized treatment strategies tailored to specific AD subtypes.
From evidence‐based to sustainable healthcare: Cochrane revisited
Authors: Berg Henrik , Askheim Clemet , Heggen Kristin M. , Sandset Tony J. , Engebretsen Eivind 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvidence‐based healthcare is the prevailing model for healthcare services. In Cochrane's seminal thinking, political context was included with the purpose of promoting healthcare equity. However, the subsequent evidence‐based healthcare models marginalized political context. In this paper, we argue that current models of evidence‐based healthcare fail to respond to emerging healthcare challenges. We claim that reintegration of political context is crucial to make healthcare sustainable. Global communities are anticipating ecological crises with immense repercussions for healthcare. This prospect illustrates that healthcare models failing to integrate political context also risk neglecting some of the most relevant healthcare issues of our time.
Gas sensing technology for meat quality assessment: A review
Authors: Li Xinxing , Wang Biao , Yi Chen , Gong Weiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeat is rich in many nutritional elements and is one of the most basic foods for human beings. The demand for meat is increasing year by year, but at the same time, meat is highly susceptible to spoilage during storage and transportation, and consumption of such meat can be hazardous to human health. Gas sensing technology provides a nondestructive, less time‐consuming, and convenient detection method compared with traditional meat quality testing techniques. In this review, we briefly describe the working principle, the common sensors, signal processing, and pattern recognition for gas sensing technology. Then, we discuss the most relevant contributions of gas sensing technology to meat freshness evaluations and authenticity assessments using different data processing methods in recent years. Finally, the problems, prospects, and likely future development of gas sensing technology are highlighted.Practical applicationsThis article analyzes each key technology of gas sensing, points out some existing defects and future trends, reviews the practical applications of gas sensing technology in meat quality inspection in recent years, and puts forward feasible technology enhancement suggestions.
Androgens and COVID‐19
Authors: Das Kinnor , Patil Anant , Goren Andy , Cockerell Clay J. , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe humans have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. The novel coronavirus or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has spread across the globe. Androgens have been suggested to have a role in COVID‐19 pathogenesis.ObjectiveThe objective of this review article is to study the link between androgens and COVID‐19.MethodologyPubMed and Google Scholar search was performed to retrieve literature related to the topic. Review articles, clinical trials, retrospective studies, observational studies, and case–control studies were considered for the review.ResultsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infected men are more inclined to be hospitalized for intensive care unit (ICU) as compared with women. This difference in the ICU admissions provides some clue for possible influence of androgens in the severity of COVID‐19. The contribution of androgen and androgen receptor in COVID‐19 disease and its severity, as well as the numerous medications targeting androgen and its receptor for lowering COVID‐19 disease severity, are discussed in this review. Available literature suggests the role of androgen in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID‐19. Sensitivity for androgen may be an important factor in regulating the severity of COVID‐19 disease.ConclusionThere is a scope for the development of COVID‐19 treatments based on androgen suppression. Clinical trials may furnish pivotal data and add more evidence‐based options for the management of COVID‐19.
Temporomandibular disorder symptoms in young adults: Three‐dimensional impact on oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Tan Sharon Hui Xuan , Marpaung Carolina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of temporomandibular disorders on functional, pain, and psychosocial aspect of patients' quality of life needed to be assessed.ObjectivesThis study examined the three‐dimensional impact of pain‐related and/or intra‐articular Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms and ascertained the inter‐relationships between the functional, pain, and psychosocial aspects of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsYoung adults were enlisted from a local university and TMD symptoms were assessed with the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs Symptom Questionnaire (DC/TMD‐SQ). Participants were stratified into those with no (NT), pain‐related (PT), intra‐articular (IT), and mixed (MT) TMD symptoms. OHRQoL was examined using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14), and dimensional effects (oral function [OF], orofacial pain [OP], and psychosocial impact [PI]) were established subsequently. Data were evaluated with Kruskal‐Wallis, Dunn, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (α = .05).ResultsThe mean age of the participants (n = 1205) was 7 ± 1.3 years (71.8% women). While 42.2% reported no TMD symptoms, 22.3%, 16.9%, and 18.5% had PT, IT, and MT accordingly. The MT, PT, and IT groups presented higher total OHIP‐14 and dimension scores than the NT group (p < .01). Scores were also significantly different between the MT and IT groups except for OF. For all TMD groups, the ranking of dimensional impact was OP > PI > OF, and associations between the OP and PI dimensions were the strongest (correlation coefficient [rs] = .57–.76).ConclusionsYoung adults with PT and/or IT symptoms have poorer OHRQoL, especially in the OP and PI dimensions, which were moderate to strongly correlated. The use of the three dental Patient‐reported Outcome (dPRO) dimensions could provide construct equivalency among OHRQoL measures.
Microbiome data reveal significant differences in the bacterial diversity in freshwater rohu (Labeo rohita) across the supply chain in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Kawser A.Q.M. Robiul , Foysal Md Javed , Chua Eng Guan , Ali Md Hazrat , Mannan Adnan , Siddik Muhammad A.B. , Paul Sulav Indra , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Tay Alfred 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize and compare the skin and gut microbial communities of rohu at various post-harvest stages of consumption using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA-based amplicon sequencing. Real-time PCR amplification detected higher copy numbers for coliform bacteria—Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Shigella spp. in the marketed fish—compared to fresh and frozen samples. The 16S rRNA data revealed higher alpha diversity measurements in the skin of fish from different retail markets of Dhaka city. Beta ordination revealed distinct clustering of bacterial OTUs for the skin and gut samples from three different groups. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria was most abundant in all groups except the Fusobacteria in the control fish gut. Although Aeromonas was found ubiquitous in all types of samples, diverse bacterial genera were identified in the marketed fish samples. Nonetheless, low species richness was observed for the frozen fish. Most of the differentially abundant bacteria in the skin samples of marketed fish are opportunistic human pathogens enriched at different stages of postharvest handling and processing. Therefore, considering the microbial contamination in the aquatic environment in Bangladesh, post-harvest handling should be performed with proper methods and care to minimize bacterial transmission into fish.