bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The connection between Triglyceride to non- density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and incident diabetes mellitus: a secondary retrospective analysis based on a Chinese cohort study
Authors: Fang Xiaokang , Hu Haofei , Huang Xiaohong , Hao Mingyu , Deng Jiangxing , Wu Yan , Cai Jinlin , Yan Dewen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
objective
Existing studies have confirmed that both high triglyceride(TG) and high non-density lipoprotein cholesterol(Non-HDL-c) are often closely linked with diabetes or insulin resistance. However, there are no large prospective cohort studies that have discussed the connection between the TG/non-HDL-c ratio and incident type 2 diabetes. Therefore, using data from a large cohort representative of the Chinese population, we conducted a retrospective study to explore the relationship between TG/ non-HDL-c ratio and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Method
We did a retrospective study. Participants were comprised of 114,854 Chinese adults, aged over 20 years, distributed in 32 locations and 11 cities in southern China (Shenzhen, Beijing, Wuhan, Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Nantong, Hefei, Changzhou); Participants were free of diabetes at baseline. The data included triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), age, gender, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), BUN, serum creatinine (Scr), AST, ALT, smoking and family history of diabetes and drinking status. Non-HDL-c is equal to total cholesterol minus HDL-c. And Cox proportional risk model was used to explore the relationship between TG/ Non-HDL-c and diabetes risk. Generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve fitting were used to assess the non-linear relationship between diabetes risk and TG/ non-HDL-c. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed for some variables, such as age, gender, BMI, FPG, ALT, SBP, DBP, smoking status, drinking status, family history. For the record, the data came from the DATADRYAD website.
Result
Finally, gender, age, systolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, FPG, BMI, smoking, family history of diabetes, drinking status, LDL, BUN, ALT, AST and Scr were adjusted, the results showed that TG/non-HDL was positively correlated with the occurrence of diabetes (HR = 1.191 (1.148, 1.235) p < 0.00001). And two-piecewise linear regression model proved a non-linear connection between TG/non-HDL -C and the risk of diabetes, and there was an obvious turning point of 0.544. When the TG/non-HDL-c < 0.544, HR = 5.888 (3.959, 8.757) p < 0.0001, when the TG/non-HDL-c > 0.544, HR = 1.509 (1.056, 2.156) p < 0.0238. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association among participants who were female, SBP < 140mmhg, FPG < 6.1 mmol/L, BMI (≥ 18.5, < 24kg/m 2), and never drinking status.
Conclusion
Increased TG/non-HDL-c was independently and nonlinearly associated with the occurrence of diabetes, and the correlation was stronger when the TG/non-HDL-C < 0.544.
Ventral Striatum Modifies the Activity of Basal Ganglia Circuit: A Computational Model
Authors: Elibol Rahmi , Şengör Neslihan Serap 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The activity of the brain is multi-scale in time and space, and there are enormous data collected related to activities at all levels. To reveal the knowledge hidden in these data, computational models are convenient tools. So, to have a better understanding of the evidences assembled through the experimental work carried out at different levels and scales on striatum, we focused on obtaining a computational model encompassing the role of ventral and dorsal striatum in basal ganglia circuit. Beginning from the single neuron behaviors and synaptic currents, concluding with the interactions between the nuclei of the basal ganglia circuit, at each level we showed that our model is in harmony with the data. We demonstrated the cascading neuronal activity within the basal ganglia circuit under different stimuli conditions. The frequency analysis based on the results of the computational model revealed the beta frequency presence in the deficiency of dopamine. Once, we showed the validity of the proposed computational model, we investigated the effect of ventral striatum on the activity of dorsal striatum further, revealing the modulatory role of ventral striatum. With the proposed model, it is possible to follow the neuronal information transfer between the prefrontal cortex and thalamus, through striatum.
Synthesis and characterisation of Gd(BO2)3:Tb loaded composite scintillator
Authors: Thomas Jose Mundiyanikal , Rajakrishna Kalvala , Dhanasekaran A , Yuvaraj N , Ajoy K C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plastic scintillators (PS) loaded with neutron sensitive powders to detect special nuclear material without degrading the light yield is well sought. This work reports the synthesis of neutron absorbing gadolinium and boron containing microcrystalline Gd(BO2)3:Tb phosphor and fabrication of composite scintillators by loading the powder in PS. Gd(BO2)3:Tb phosphor (~ 1 µm size) powder prepared through solid-state sintering technique is loaded in polystyrene-based PS which showed increased detection efficiency for neutrons and low energy gammas. A thin film coating method which allows the uniform dispersion of the filled particles in the PS is followed for the preparation of 250 µm thick sheets. 2,5diphenyl oxazole (PPO) and 1,4-bis(5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl)benzene (POPOP) are added as primary and secondary wavelength shifters in the polystyrene dissolved p-xylene solution. The newly developed composite scintillator is tested using alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiations for the scintillation efficiency. Three different weight percentage Gd(BO2)3:Tb loaded PS are studied for their response towards different radiations to optimize the filling. The newly developed thin PS sheet exhibits 2 times enhancement in the radioluminescence emission compared to unloaded PS. Pulse height spectra are acquired and analysed for different types of radiation. The neutron response is studied for moderated and unmoderated configurations of the Am-Be neutron source.
Hyperfibrinolysis and Fibrinolysis Shutdown in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Nakae Ryuta , Murai Yasuo , Wada Takeshi , Fujiki Yu , Kanaya Takahiro , Takayama Yasuhiro , Suzuki Go , Naoe Yasutaka , Yokota Hiroyuki , Yokobori Shoji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with coagulation/fibrinolysis disorders, but the pathogenesis of hyperfibrinolysis and subsequent fibrinolysis shutdown in the acute phase of TBI is not well understood. We sought to analyze the time course of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and subsequent fibrinolysis shutdown in the acute phase, and the relationship of each to long-term outcome.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 61 consecutive cases of isolated TBI transported to the hospital within 1 h after injury. Plasma levels of the coagulation marker thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), the fibrinolysis marker D-dimer, and the fibrinolysis inhibition marker plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured on arrival and 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after injury. The differences in plasma TAT, D-dimer, and PAI-1 levels between the good outcome group with an extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS-E) of 6–8 at 6 months post-injury and the poor outcome group with a GOS-E of 1–5 at 6 months post-injury were compared using a generalized linear mixed model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for coagulation and fibrinolysis at each time point.Results: Plasma TAT levels peaked at admission and decreased significantly until 1 d after injury. Plasma D-dimer levels increased significantly, peaking up to 3 h after injury, and significantly decreased up to 3 d after injury. Plasma PAI-1 levels increased significantly up to 3 h after injury, the upward trend continuing until 6 h after injury, followed by a decrease lasting until 3 d after injury. The plasma TAT, D-dimer, and PAI-1 levels were all higher in the acute phase of TBI in patients with a poor outcome than in patients with a good outcome at 6 months. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, elevated D-dimer levels from admission to 3 h after injury and elevated PAI-1 levels from 6 h to 1 d after injury were significant negative prognostic indicators.Conclusions: After TBI, hypercoagulation, fibrinolysis, and fibrinolysis shutdown were activated consecutively. Hyperfibrinolysis immediately after injury and subsequent fibrinolysis shutdown were associated with poor long-term outcome.
Clinical Analysis of Infectious Endophthalmitis from the Largest Medical Center in North China: A 30-Year Review
Authors: Yin Lan , Huang Yu-lei , Zhang Shi-feng , Kang Xin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To analyse clinical features and prognosis of infectious endophthalmitis, and provide basis for the treatment. Methods: Retrospective clinical data analysis for 485 eyes (479 patients) in the past 30 years (1993-2022). Demographic features, clinic-microbiological profile, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and visual outcomes were analysed.Results: The mean age of patients was 41.6±22.6 years and 72.0% were males. The mean age of Endogenous endophthalmitis (EnE) patients was elder than that of Exogenous endophthalmitis (ExE) patients, but there was no difference in sex ratio. The percentage of ExE was 86.0% and that of EnE was14.0%. Gram positive cocci (GPC) (39.3%) was the commonest pathogen, followed by Gram negative bacilli (GNB) (32.0%), fungi (16.4%), Gram positive bacilli (GPB) (11.4%), and Gram negative cocci (GNC) (0.9%). Vancomycin owned 100% susceptibility to GPC and GPB. Ceftazidime and imipenem owned the same as the best susceptibility to GPB (both 91.5%). Top three pathogens in ExE were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Top three etiologies of ExE were ocular trauma, ophthalmologic surgery and infectious keratitis. Top three surgery related with ExE were: cataract extraction, intravitreal injection and vitrectomy. Top three pathogens in EnE were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively. Total best corrected visual acuity (hereinafter referred to as VA) of admission was 2.54 ± 0.62 and improved to 2.12 ±0.93 (P < 0.05). VA related with GPC or fungi increased after the treatment, and there was no significant improvement both in GNB and GPB. VA of ExE increased after the treatment, but did not change significantly in EnE. Final VA of ExE was superior to EnE.Conclusions: GPC was the commonest pathogen in endophthalmitis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the commonest pathogen in ExE. Combination of vancomycin and ceftazidime covered the broadest spectrum of bacteria in endophthalmitis. ExE, GPC and fungi infection were related with good prognosis (improved VA).
Subperiosteal Fluid Misdiagnosed on MRI as Abscess. Potential to Miss Non-Accidental Trauma
Authors: Zember Jonathan , Rohrer Rebecca J. , Hinds Tanya , Friend L. Kaleb , Shet Narendra , Rana Eglal Shalaby 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The literature is confusing when it comes to defining/differentiating periosteal reaction from periostitis, subperiosteal new bone formation (SPNBF), and calcifying subperiosteal hemorrhage. Furthermore, subperiosteal fluid, readily seen on MRI, can be pus from osteomyelitis as well as hemorrhage from trauma. However, MRI is often obtained to evaluate for osteomyelitis, thus potentially leading to a confirmation bias where subperiosteal fluid is attributed to infection. This is particularly concerning in cases of non-accidental trauma (NAT), where the history may be vague. In addition, trauma can produce elevated inflammatory markers, further clouding the picture. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with MRI and x-ray in patients with subperiosteal hemorrhage, all of whom were ultimately diagnosed with NAT.
Methods
Overtourism: The Impact of Tourism on Madeira’s Social and Economic Environment
Authors: Majdak Piotr , Mosz Jakub , Martins de Almeida António Manuel 
Published: April 2022

The main goal of the analyses presented in the article is to identify the phenomena and consequences concomitant with the phenomenon of overtourism in the economic (with particular emphasis on energy) and social dimensions, regarding the Portuguese island of Madeira. The starting point for considerations includes a review of the issues that define the theoretical framework of “excessive tourism”, as well as a discussion of the most important determinants of the socio-economic development of Madeira. Then, the results of own research are presented, including the original analysis of existing data on electricity production, population growth and the number of overnight stays, as well as the results of a survey conducted in April 2021[1], among both permanent residents and tourists visiting the island. The obtained results indicate, among others, that for each increase in the number of overnight stays by 1%, the production of electricity increases by 0.597%; and for every 1% increase in the number of inhabitants, there is a 5.617% increase in electricity production. At the same time, the data on the number of inhabitants indicates a population growth rate close to zero, and thus a higher level of consumption will come from the tourist sector. Based on the results of the survey, key problem areas have been identified (including, for example, issues related to the sense of local identity, security or relations between tourists and residents). The volume of tourist traffic has also been assessed, and a number of reflections and recommendations have been formulated to limit the negative effects of “excessive tourism”.

[1] More information about research and obtained results are available in the following publications (Majdak et al. 2021a; Majdak et al. 2021b).
Isolated Pituitary Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Demir Mustafa Kemal , Öven Bala Başak , Çelik Serkan , Moujawaz Riad , Somay Adnan , Kılıc Turker 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Isolated pituitary gland metastasis is an extremely rare event in renal cell carcinoma.
We present a unique case of isolated pituitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and a systematic
review of literature on it.

Case report:
In this case, an abdominal ultrasound in an asymptomatic 51-year-old female patient
showed a mass in her left kidney. Radical nephrectomy was performed and the tumor was diagnosed as
a stage 1 clear cell carcinoma. Throughout the 3 months of the follow-up period, the patient started
complaining of visual disturbances and headaches. A pituitary mass was found on brain magnetic resonance
imaging and was suspected to be a macroadenoma. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed
and the final pathological diagnosis was made as a pituitary metastasis of the renal cell carcinoma.
After surgery, radiotherapy with sunitinib, a receptor tyrosine inhibitor, was performed.

Conclusion:
The clinical symptoms are usually related to the mass effect of the tumor and anterior
pituitary involvement. Most of the cases mimic pituitary macroadenoma on MRI. The most preferred
treatment combination is surgery and radiotherapy. We recommend adding sunitinib to this combination.
This illustrative case and those found in a systematic review of the literature highlight the importance
of histopathologic diagnosis and appropriate management since isolated pituitary metastasis is
challenging to preoperative diagnosis.
Transcriptomic Signatures in Colorectal Cancer Progression
Authors: Ershov Pavel , Poyarkov Stanislav , Konstantinova Yulia , Veselovsky Egor , Makarova Anna 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
Due to a large number of identified hub-genes encoding key molecular
regulators, which are involved in signal transduction and metabolic pathways in cancers,
it is relevant to systemize and update these findings.

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the
world, with high metastatic potential. Elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms and
selection of novel biomarkers in CRC is of great clinical significance.

Objective:
This analytical review aims at systematization of bioinformatics and experimental identification of hub-genes, associated with CRC, for a more consolidated understanding of common features in networks and pathways in CRC progression as well as hub-genes selection.

Results:
This analytical review aims at the systematization of bioinformatics and
experimental identification of hub-genes associated with CRC for a more consolidated
understanding of common features in networks and pathways in CRC progression as
well as hub-genes selection.

Conclusion:
Results obtained are of useful fundamental information on revealing the
mechanism of pathogenicity, cellular target selection for optimization of therapeutic
interventions, as well as transcriptomics prognostic and predictive biomarkers
development.
Computational Design of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Drug
Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chawla Pooja A. , Singh Gurpreet , Faruk Abdul , Chawla Viney , Kaur Anmoldeep 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Nowadays, biomedical research has been focusing on the design and development
of new drug delivery systems that provide efficient drug targeting. The molecularly imprinted
polymers (MIPs) have attracted wide interest and play an indispensable role as a drug carrier. Drug
delivery systems based on MIPs have been frequently cited in the literature. They are cross-linked
polymers that contain binding sites according to the complementary structure of the template molecules.
They possess distinctive features of structure predictability and site recognition specificity. Versatile
applications of MIPs include purification, biosensing, bioseparation, artificial antibodies, and
drug delivery. An ideal MIPs should include features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and
stability.

Objective:
In this article, we elaborate on the historic growth, synthesis, and preparation of different
MIPs and present an updated summary of recent advances in the development of new drug delivery
systems which are based on this technique. Their potential to deliver drugs in a controlled and targeted
manner will also be discussed.

Conclusion:
MIPs possess unique advantages, such as lower toxicity, fewer side effects, and good
therapeutic potential. They offer administration of drugs by different routes, i.e., oral, ocular or transdermal.
Despite several advantages, biomedical companies are hesitant to invest in MIPs based drug
delivery systems due to the limited availability of chemical compounds.
Rating the Quality of Smartphone Apps Related to Shoulder Pain: Systematic Search and Evaluation Using the Mobile App Rating Scale
Authors: Agnew Jonathon M R , Nugent Chris , Hanratty Catherine E , Martin Elizabeth , Kerr Daniel P , McVeigh Joseph G 
Published: April 2022

Background
The successful rehabilitation of musculoskeletal pain requires more than medical input alone. Conservative treatment, including physiotherapy and exercise therapy, can be an effective way of decreasing pain associated with musculoskeletal pain. However, face-to-face appointments are currently not feasible. New mobile technologies, such as mobile health technologies in the form of an app for smartphones, can be a solution to this problem. In many cases, these apps are not backed by scientific literature. Therefore, it is important that they are reviewed and quality assessed.

Objective
The aim is to evaluate and measure the quality of apps related to shoulder pain by using the Mobile App Rating Scale.

Methods
This study included 25 free and paid apps—8 from the Apple Store and 17 from the Google Play Store. A total of 5 reviewers were involved in the evaluation process. A descriptive analysis of the Mobile App Rating Scale results provided a general overview of the quality of the apps.

Results
Overall, app quality was generally low, with an average star rating of 1.97 out of 5. The best scores were in the “Functionality” and “Aesthetics” sections, and apps were scored poorer in the “Engagement” and “Information” sections. The apps were also rated poorly in the “Subjective Quality” section.

Conclusions
In general, the apps were well built technically and were aesthetically pleasing. However, the apps failed to provide quality information to users, which resulted in a lack of engagement. Most of the apps were not backed by scientific literature (24/25, 96%), and those that contained scientific references were vastly out-of-date. Future apps would need to address these concerns while taking simple measures to ensure quality control.
Impact of Visual Game-Like Features on Cognitive Performance in a Virtual Reality Working Memory Task: Within-Subjects Experiment
Authors: Redlinger Eric , Glas Bernhard , Rong Yang 
Published: April 2022

Background
Although the pursuit of improved cognitive function through working memory training has been the subject of decades of research, the recent growth in commercial adaptations of classic working memory tasks in the form of gamified apps warrants additional scrutiny. In particular, the emergence of virtual reality as a platform for cognitive training presents opportunities for the use of novel visual features.

Objective
This study aimed to add to the body of knowledge regarding the use of game-like visual design elements by specifically examining the application of two particular visual features common to virtual reality environments: immersive, colorful backgrounds and the use of 3D depth. In addition, electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected to identify potential neural correlates of any observed changes in performance.

Methods
A simple visual working memory task was presented to participants in several game-like adaptations, including the use of colorful, immersive backgrounds and 3D depth. The impact of each adaptation was separately assessed using both EEG and performance assessment outcomes and compared with an unmodified version of the task.

Results
Results suggest that although accuracy and reaction time may be slightly affected by the introduction of such game elements, the effects were small and not statistically significant. Changes in EEG power, particularly in the beta and theta rhythms, were significant but failed to correlate with any corresponding changes in performance. Therefore, they may only reflect cognitive changes at the perceptual level.

Conclusions
Overall, the data suggest that the addition of these specific visual features to simple cognitive tasks does not appear to significantly affect performance or task-dependent cognitive load.
1 Timothy 2:9–15 Reconsidered (Again)
Authors: Wall Robert W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study agrees that the theological motive of the Pastor's instructions to Christian women (1 Tim 2:9–12, 15b) may be inferred from his midrash on Eve's biblical story (1 Tim 2:13–15a; cf. Gen 1–4). In recalling the salient moments of Eve's story, concluding with her childbirth as symbolic of a restored relationship with God (2:15a; cf. Gen 4:1–2; 1:27–28), the Pastor illustrates God's interest in saving women qua women to underwrite the choices a Christian woman makes about her public practices: her modesty proffers a persuasive defense of the gospel for those who think its claims lack cultural or personal purchase. This article concludes with a "hermeneutical postscript" that proposes a reading of this passage as Scripture and, so, formative of today's Christian faith.