bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study on support for caregivers of people with vision impairment in the UK
Authors: Enoch Jamie , Dickinson Christine , Potts Judith , Subramanian Ahalya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeMany of the UK's 2.5 million individuals living with vision loss receive support from relatives or friends (so‐called ‘informal caregivers’). However, there is limited understanding of how caregivers of people with visual impairment (PVI) are, or feel, supported by UK healthcare/statutory services and charities. This exploratory study was conducted to explore caregivers' experiences and their suggestions for enhancing support.MethodsParticipants self‐identifying as UK‐based caregivers of PVI (N = 100) volunteered to undertake an online survey, distributed through charity partners. The survey was comprised of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire‐8 (CSQ‐8, a validated, self‐report measure of satisfaction with support services), Likert‐type questions and two open‐ended, free‐text questions. Interview participants (N = 22) were then selected from survey respondents, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted to focus on caregivers' ideas for improving support. The Framework Method was used for inductive analysis of the free‐text question responses and interview data.ResultsThe mean (SD) CSQ‐8 score was 21.60 (7.2), with no significant differences by demographic, relationship or vision‐related factors, likely limited by the small subgroup sizes. Qualitative data demonstrated the heterogeneity of participating caregivers' experiences, highlighting the importance of personalised support for caregivers. Many participants advocated enhancing informational, practical, emotional and social support for caregivers, and stressed the importance of accessible services and consistent points of contact to turn to for support and advice.ConclusionsAlthough our sample was arguably better connected to support services than the general caregiver population, this study identified concrete suggestions to improve practical, emotional and peer support for caregivers of PVI.
Instability of rotational activation as atrial fibrillation drivers: Assessment by ExTRa Mapping system
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Aizawa Takanori , Hojo Shun , Yaku Hidenori , Nakatsuma Kenji , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundExTRa Mapping™ has developed to visualize rotational activation as atrial fibrillation (AF) drivers. The current study was sought to evaluate the instability of AF drivers by ExTRa Mapping™.MethodsVariation of nonpassively activated ratio (%NP) among three‐time repetitive recordings before and after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in left atrium was assessed in 26 persistent AF patients. The recoding time was set at 5 or 8 s for the respective patients. The outcome measures included %NP at each recording, mean value of the three‐time recordings, and the instability index, which was defined as maximum difference per mean %NP × 100 (%).Results
Total 683 sites 2049 recordings were assessed. Mean %NP was 33.3(23.3–42.7)%, and higher in sites with severe (≥50%) and patchy low voltage area than those without, but not in those with severe complex fractionated atrial electrogram area. There was significant correlation between actual and mean %NP (R = 0.86, P < .001), but maximum difference among the repetitive recordings was 16(10–24)%. The instability index of %NP was 55.9(30.9–83.6)%, and significantly lower at the recordings of 8 s compared with 5 s (50.6[28.6–78.4]% vs. 60.4[35.0–90.0]%, P = .004). Furthermore, it was higher at sites with lower reliability of the recordings. After PVI, mean %NP significantly decreased (28.7[18.3–36.7]% vs. 37.7[28.7–45.7]%, P < .001), but the instability index significantly increased compared with those before PVI (60.0[35.0–92.7]% vs. 48.9[29.1–75.0]%, P = .001).
ConclusionRotational activation as AF drivers assessed by ExTRa Mapping™ is unstable, and repetitive and longer recording is required for the reliable assessment even after PVI.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and paracorporeal lung assist devices as a bridge to pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Chiel Laura E. , Winthrop Zachary A. , Fynn‐Thompson Francis , Midyat Levent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground“Bridging” is a term used to describe the implementation of various treatment modalities to improve waitlist survival while a patient awaits lung transplantation. ECMO and PLAD are technologies used to bridge patients to lung transplantation. ECMO and PLAD are cardiopulmonary support systems that help move blood forward while using an artificial membrane to remove CO2 from and add O2 to the blood. Recent studies showed that these technologies are increasingly effective in bridging patients to lung transplantation, especially with optimizing patient selection, implementing physical rehabilitation and ambulation goals, standardization of management decisions, and increasing staff experience, among other considerations. We review these technologies, their roles as bridges to pediatric lung transplantation, as well as indications, contraindications, complications, and mortality rates.ConclusionFinally, we discuss the existing knowledge gaps and areas for future research to improve patient outcomes and understanding of lung assist devices.
Modelling the Extremes of Seasonal Viruses and Hospital Congestion: The Example of Flu in a Swiss Hospital
Authors: Ranjbar Setareh , Cantoni Eva , Chavez-Demoulin Valérie , Marra Giampiero , Radice Rosalba , Jaton Katia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractViruses causing flu or milder coronavirus colds are often referred to as ‘seasonal viruses’ as they tend to subside in warmer months. In other words, meteorological conditions tend to impact the activity of viruses, and this infor2mation can be exploited for the operational management of hospitals. In this study, we use 3 years of daily data from one of the biggest hospitals in Switzerland and focus on modelling the extremes of hospital visits from patients showing flu-like symptoms and the number of positive flu cases. We propose employing a discrete generalized Pareto distribution for the number of positive and negative cases. Our modelling framework allows for the parameters of these distributions to be linked to covariate effects, and for outlying observations to be dealt with via a robust estimation approach. Because meteorological conditions may vary over time, we use meteorological and not calendar variations to explain hospital charge extremes, and our empirical findings highlight their significance. We propose a measure of hospital congestion and a related tool to estimate the resulting CaRe (Charge-at-Risk-estimation) under different meteorological conditions. The relevant numerical computations can be easily carried out using the freely available GJRM R package. The empirical effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed through a simulation study.
Defending and integrating an organism by the immune system
Authors: Dembic Zlatko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Integrity model proposes that the adaptive immune response defends, protects and keeps vigilance over the unity of an organism. These functions conceptually rely on three signals that can explain them. All signals have a dual character. The signal‐1 is the recognition of antigen or peptide/MHC ligand. The signal‐2 comprises either help and costimulation or suppression and coinhibition. Lastly, the signal‐3 signals tissues' condition, state or integrity. A part overlaps with the Danger‐associated molecular patterns, and the other part should be detected by putative cell‐surface molecules, intracellular factors or epigenetic events. They are called the Integrity‐associated molecular patterns (IAMPs). The IAMPs originate from damaged (positive signal‐3) or undamaged (negative signal‐3) tissues. The positive signal‐3 would induce costimulatory signal‐2, whereas the negative signal‐3 would induce coinhibitory signal‐2 in APCs. However, in analogue reality, we might more likely encounter a range of signals supposedly sensed by a group of responder cells and integrated overtime (quorum sensing). The predominant option would sway the decision of the immune system to perform either defence or protection (active tolerance). Thus, the quorum sensing supposedly delivers two qualitative thresholds for T (and B) cells' decisions to defend or suppress. If these were not attained, the vigilance (anergy) of adaptive immunocytes for T‐dependent antigens would ensue. These functions provide defence against pathogens and preservation of unity/integrity of an organism, which in turn permits protection of commensals.
Microscale deformation mechanisms in paperboard during continuous tensile loading and 4D synchrotron X‐ray tomography
Authors: Johansson Sara , Engqvist Jonas , Tryding Johan , Hall Stephen A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA better physical understanding of mesoscale and microscale mechanisms behind deformation and failure of paperboard material is important to optimize industrial packaging converting processes and decrease waste. In this study, these mechanisms were investigated using synchrotron X‐ray tomography during in situ continuous uniaxial tensile loading. High spatial and temporal data resolution enabled quantification of rapid changes in the material occurring before, during and after material failure. The evolution of 3D strain fields, fibre orientations and sample thickness showed that deformation and failure mechanisms differ significantly between samples tested in machine direction (MD), cross direction (CD) and 45° from the loading direction. In 45° and CD, gradual failure processes could be followed across several load steps. Immediately after failure, the in‐plane fracture region was significantly larger in both 45° and CD compared to MD. Both fracture characteristics and strain field distributions differed between the three material directions. Significant fibre reorientation was an active deformation mechanism in 45° already from the beginning of the loading, also present in CD after peak load but absent in MD. The MD‐dependent mechanisms interpreted and quantified at the scale of the fibre network in this study can help guide model development and likely have wider applicability to other paper‐based materials.
A new method for automatic and accurate coded target recognition in oblique images to improve augmented reality precision
Authors: Karimi Mina , Zakariyaeinejad Zana , Sadeghi‐Niaraki Abolghasem , Ahmadabadian Ali Hosseininaveh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo have an accurate augmented reality (AR) in a ubiquitous geospatial information system (UBGIS), camera poses should be accurately estimated. Consumer‐grade sensors of mobile phones do not provide high accuracies. Using artificial markers and image‐based techniques could be a good solution for accurately estimating camera pose parameters. Automatic detection of these markers in very oblique images is challenging. This article aims to combine targets and mobile phone sensors to improve augmented reality precision in visualizing underground infrastructures. To achieve this goal, we propose a new method for automatically recognizing coded targets (CTs) and identifying their centers in oblique images. Then, we estimate the camera pose by computing exterior orientation parameters by combining sensors and CTs for the space restriction procedure. Finally, we visualize underground infrastructures using AR. Comparing the results with the well‐known photogrammetry software Agisoft PhotoScan show that the proposed method is robust, fast, and invariant under different transformations of scaling, rotation, and incidence angle variations. It is also more accurate than the Agisoft with sub‐pixel accuracy (about 0.692 ± 0.141 pixels). Comparing the results of the vision‐based method of calculating exterior orientation parameters with the sensor‐based method demonstrates the precision improvement in camera pose estimation and thus better AR visualization.
Geochemical and Nd isotopic constraints on the origin of uppermost Silurian rhyolitic rocks in the northern Appalachians (northern New Brunswick): Tectonic implications
Authors: Dostal* Jaroslav , Jutras Pierre , Wilson Reginald A. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Voluminous bimodal volcanic rocks of the Silurian (ca. 422–420 Ma) Dickie Cove Group in the Ganderia domain of northern New Brunswick, Canada, are subaerial units that were deposited in an extensional setting, with the mafic types corresponding to continental tholeiites. Felsic rocks are rhyolites with calc-alkaline affinities. They exhibit geochemical characteristics that are typical of A2-type felsic magmas, such as enrichments in the incompatible elements Zr, Nb, and Y, as well as high FeO*/(FeO* + MgO) and Ga/Al ratios. Their εNd(t) values are positive (+0.7 to +3.4) but lower than those of the associated basalts. Saturation thermometry has yielded average zircon crystallization temperature estimates for the rhyolites that are well above 900 °C. The geochemical data indicate that the felsic melts were likely sourced from heterogeneous Neoproterozoic lower crust and generated by dehydration melting triggered by heat derived from underplated mafic magma. Parent melts of the rhyolites underwent fractional crystallization in a complex magma chamber prior to eruption. The Nd isotopic data suggest that the lower crust of Ganderia is similar to that of Avalonia in northern mainland Nova Scotia, and that the two microcontinents shared a common Neoproterozoic history and origin as continental blocks rifted from neighboring parts of Gondwana. The tectono-magmatic setting of the Dickie Cove Group volcanic rocks is interpreted as being related to Pridolian, post-Salinic relaxation and slab breakoff, which generated volcanism initially constrained within the Chaleur zone of the Chaleur Bay synclinorium, a large domain of the northern Appalachians. This was followed later in the Pridolian by extensional collapse and widening of the area of magmatic activity, which then prograded into the Tobique zone farther to the southwest.
Perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare communication in a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of family caregivers
Authors: Bratches Reed W R , Freundlich Noah Z , Dionne-Odom J Nicholas , O'Malley A James , Barr Paul J 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo understand the perceptions of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare communication with family caregivers.DesignNationally representative survey.SettingUSA (national).Participants340 family caregivers, demographically representative of the US population by race/ethnicity.Primary outcome measuresCommunication outcomes (feeling involved by the provider, feeling involved by the care recipient, feeling more encouraged to be involved in care, feeling contributory to discussions, feeling questions are being answered), behavioural/wellness outcomes (feeling anxious, feeling isolated, feeling it is easier to attend the clinic visit), and desire to continue using telemedicine.ResultsHaving less than a college degree was associated with decreased odds of feeling involved by the provider (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.83; p=0.01), feeling involved by the care recipient (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.79; p=0.01), feeling more encouraged to be involved in care (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.86; p=0.01), feeling like they contribute to discussions (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.82; p=0.01) and feeling like their questions are being answered (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.60; p<0.001).ConclusionIn our sample, the shift to telemedicine during COVID-19 was well received but caregivers of low educational attainment reported poorer health communication, and a greater proportion of black/African American and Hispanic caregivers reported a desire to return to in-person visits. There is an opportunity to improve health systems and increase equity as telemedicine becomes more widespread.
Why are women considering ovarian tissue cryopreservation to preserve reproductive and hormonal ovarian function? A qualitative study protocol
Authors: Khattak Hajra , Gallos Ioannis , Coomarasamy Arri , Topping AE 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionCurrent fertility preservation options available to women are oocyte cryopreservation (egg freezing) or embryo cryopreservation. A newer procedure, ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), has become available in some centres, which offers another option for women and girls considering fertility preservation. These procedures are commonly offered to women about to undergo treatments for cancer. OTC involves removing sections of ovarian tissue and cryopreserving it for future reimplantation, often several years later. OTC offers girls and women who may become infertile with optionality and the possibility of pregnancy. OTC has potential for other applications, including restoring ovarian endocrine function beyond biological menopause. This is not without controversy but has led to some women considering undergoing the procedure for purposes of ovarian hormonal preservation (conservation of ovarian endocrine function). OTC is invasive, involves two surgical procedures with concomitant risks and can be costly. Understanding why women may consider and ultimately undergo OTC is timely, so that evidence-based and women-centred care can be provided.MethodsA pragmatic narrative qualitative design will be used. A purposive sample of women aged 18–45 who are considering, or have sought, OTC will be recruited over 1-year period. Potential participants will be approached via a clinic that offers OTC on a private basis or via social media.AnalysisParticipant interviews will be audio and, if consented, video recorded. These will be conducted face-to-face or virtually. The recordings will be transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach supported by NVivo software.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Institutional Ethical Review ERN_19–1578A. We expect to disseminate the findings of this study through journal articles, conference presentations and multimedia to public.
Efficacy and safety of osteopathic manipulative treatment: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Bagagiolo Donatella , Rosa Debora , Borrelli Francesca 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo summarise the available clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for different conditions.DesignOverview of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs). PROSPERO CRD42020170983.Data sourcesAn electronic search was performed using seven databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, JBI, Prospero and Cochrane Library, from their inception until November 2021.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSRs and MAs of randomised controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of OMT for any condition were included.Data extraction and synthesisThe data were independently extracted by two authors. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the SRs and MAs. The overview was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.ResultsThe literature search revealed nine SRs or MAs conducted between 2013 and 2020 with 55 primary trials involving 3740 participants. The SRs reported a wide range of conditions including acute and chronic non-specific low back pain (NSLBP, four SRs), chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP, one SR), chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP, one SR), paediatric (one SR), neurological (primary headache, one SR) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS, one SR). Although with a different effect size and quality of evidence, MAs reported that OMT is more effective than comparators in reducing pain and improving functional status in acute/chronic NSLBP, CNSNP and CNCP. Due to small sample size, presence of conflicting results and high heterogeneity, questionable evidence existed on OMT efficacy for paediatric conditions, primary headache and IBS.No adverse events were reported in most SRs. According to AMSTAR-2, the methodological quality of the included SRs was rated low or critically low.ConclusionBased on the currently available SRs and MAs, promising evidence suggests the possible effectiveness of OMT for musculoskeletal disorders. Limited and inconclusive evidence occurs for paediatric conditions, primary headache and IBS. Further well-conducted SRs and MAs are needed to confirm and extend the efficacy and safety of OMT.
Association of maternal depression and anxiety with toddler social-emotional and cognitive development in South Africa: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Shuffrey Lauren C , Sania Ayesha , Brito Natalie H , Potter Mandy , Springer Priscilla , Lucchini Maristella , Rayport Yael K , Du Plessis Carlie , Odendaal Hein J , Fifer William P 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveA robust literature has identified associations between prenatal maternal depression and adverse child social-emotional and cognitive outcomes. The majority of prior research is from high-income countries despite increased reporting of perinatal depression in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Additionally, despite the comorbidity between depression and anxiety, few prior studies have examined their joint impact on child neurodevelopment. The objective of the current analysis was to examine associations between prenatal maternal depression and anxiety with child social-emotional and cognitive development in a cohort from the Western Cape Province of South Africa.DesignPrenatal maternal depression and anxiety were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale at 20–24 weeks’ gestation. Child neurobehaviour was assessed at age 3 using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III Screening Test (BSID-III ST). We used linear regression models to examine the independent and joint association between prenatal maternal depression, anxiety and child developmental outcomes.ResultsParticipants consisted of 600 maternal-infant dyads (274 females; gestational age at birth: 38.89 weeks±2.03). Children born to mothers with both prenatal depression and trait anxiety had higher social-emotional problems (mean difference: 4.66; 95% CI 3.43 to 5.90) compared with children born to mothers with no prenatal depression or trait anxiety, each condition alone, or compared with mothers with depression and state anxiety. Additionally, children born to mothers with prenatal maternal depression and trait anxiety had the greatest reduction in mean cognitive scores on the BSID-III ST (mean difference: −1.04; 95% CI −1.99 to –0.08).ConclusionsThe observed association between comorbid prenatal maternal depression and chronic anxiety with subsequent child social-emotional and cognitive development underscores the need for targeting mental health support among perinatal women in LMICs to improve long-term child neurobehavioural outcomes.