bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and characteristics of psychiatric morbidity treated in specialized health care in a nationwide cohort of people with newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Alastalo Aleksi , Tolppanen Anna‐Maija , Nietola Miika , Haapea Marianne , Miettunen Jouko , Hartikainen Sirpa , Jääskeläinen Erika 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivePsychiatric disorders have been implied as both risk factors and prodromal symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A better understanding of the history of psychiatric morbidity in people with AD may aid with understanding this relationship and highlight challenges in diagnosing AD in people with concomitant psychiatric disorders.MethodsMedication use and Alzheimer's disease (MEDALZ) study is a nationwide register‐based cohort of people (n = 70,718) who received a clinically verified AD diagnosis in Finland in 2005–2011 and were community‐dwelling at the time of diagnosis. The study population was divided into four groups based on psychiatric morbidity treated in specialized health care. We characterized the groups using data of psychiatric and somatic illnesses, psychotropic drug use, and socioeconomic factors and investigated factors associated with prodromal AD.ResultsAltogether, 4.3% of cohort members had a psychiatric diagnosis at least five years before AD diagnosis, 3.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis only up to five years before AD diagnosis, and 1.1% had a psychiatric diagnosis both less and more than 5 years before AD. Belonging to the Prodromal group (psychiatric diagnosis within 5 years before AD diagnosis) was most strongly associated with substance abuse (RR 65.06, 95%CI 55.54–76.22). Other associated factors with the Prodromal group were female gender, use of psychotropics, stroke, and asthma/COPD.ConclusionSubstance abuse and psychotropic drug use are common five years before AD diagnosis. These can be potential markers of possible prodromal symptoms of AD and should be acknowledged in clinical work.
Herstories in Contemporary Indian Films
Authors: Rajapandian Radha , Iyyanar Sivakumar , Arumugam Saravanakumar , Krishnan, MC Bala 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe notion that being a man is more valuable than being a woman is promoted in films and television. Studies prove that children who watch movies and television are more likely to believe that boys and men are superior to girls and women. This impacts boys, who are taught from an early age to exhibit masculine characteristics and actions. Moreover, male attitudes and behaviors are influenced by the relative invisibility of women in the mass media. Over the last several decades, Indian films have witnessed a significant transformation in the way women are portrayed through films. With a focus on several typical Indian films, this article examines the rapidly changing positions of women represented in Indian films and their impact on patriarchal Indian culture. This article examines four films about women in various roles—The Great Indian Kitchen, Netrikann, Nerkonda Paarvai, and Aruvi—and the influence they have on society in general. The main objective of this article is to connect the changing roles of women in Indian films with the changing status of women in India, since films are a mirror of societal developments. This research looked at empirical information on how media influence perceptions of gender roles and actions based on those perceptions. Women in contemporary films are depicted as more self‐assured, assertive, and career‐oriented than in the past. Filmmakers should strive for gender parity in films. Despite rising awareness of the need for both girls and boys to overcome traditional gender norms, content creators have been hesitant to adopt gender‐sensitive methods of presentation.
The Image of Modern Urban Women in Early Chinese Female Films
Authors: Chu Qinghua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShanghai and Beijing are undoubtedly the two cities most representative of China’s modernization process. The early Chinese female films Goddess (1934), New Women (1935), and Stand up, Sisters (1951) all depict how women made a living in those cities at that time, and all three films had strong social repercussions after they were released. Through the sociological analysis of several representative films, we can figure out how people of that time conceived of modern urban women's identity, their occupations, and their ways of escaping traditional roles and the problems associated with new roles. The characteristics of urban women’s identity are mainly represented in single‐parent family relationships, ineffectual same‐sex support systems, and in male‐female relationships that feature resistance and redemption. Urban women’s occupations were mainly in the service trades, such as unregistered prostitution, laundry work, and textile work. Even female teachers and female writers had no personal dignity, let alone economic independence. These films show that the independence of modern urban women cannot be achieved by individual resistance, and that the only solution is to carry out institutional reforms.
From Black Girl to Roma: Domestic Workers and the Intersection of Race/Ethnicity, Class, and Gender
Authors: Yurdakul Aslihan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite attempts in the last decade to improve the conditions of paid domestic work, it remains a low‐status job that is poorly paid, and domestic workers are exposed to exploitation across the world. This article analyzes two movies, Black Girl and Roma, to explore how domestic workers are reflected in cinema. The objective is to address the question “Who does the paid domestic work?” through the movies. The analysis of these movies suggests that there is a clear distinction between domestic workers and their employers defined by the intersection of race/ethnicity, class, and gender.
“Singgappenne”: Women's Sports in Tamil Cinema
Authors: Karupiah Premalatha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWomen’s sports drama is a new addition to the increasing number of genres in post‐millennial Tamil cinema. This article analyzes the representation of women’s empowerment through sports in two such Tamil films: Bigil (Atlee 2019) and Kanaa (Kamaraj 2018). Bigil is a hero‐centric football movie while Kanaa is a heroine‐centric cricket movie. Qualitative content analysis was used to explore the representation of women athletes in both movies. Both movies show the various challenges women athletes face in pursuing their dreams. However, Kanaa is a more realistic portrayal of women’s sports and gives much more voice to the female protagonist when compared to Bigil. In Bigil, the coach is presented as a savior who helps women athletes excel in football. In Kanaa, the coach plays a realistic role of defending, supporting, and training his players to succeed.
Allergic and hypersensitivity conditions in non‐specialist care: Flow diagrams to support clinical practice
Authors: Ryan Dermot , Flokstra – de Blok Bertine M. J. , Clark Evangéline , Gaudin Clara , Mamodaly Myriam , Kocks Janwillem , van der Velde Jantina Lucia , Angier Liz , Romberg Kerstin , Gawlik Radek , Demoly Pascal , Tanno Luciana Kase 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMost patients presenting with allergies are first seen by primary care health professionals. The perceived knowledge gaps and educational needs were recently assessed in response to which the LOGOGRAM Task Force was established with the remit of constructing pragmatic flow diagrams for common allergic conditions in line with an earlier EAACI proposal to develop simplified pathways for the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases in primary care. To address the lack of accessible and pragmatic guidance, we designed flow diagrams for five major clinical allergy conditions: asthma, anaphylaxis, food allergy, drug allergy, and urticaria. Existing established allergy guidelines were collected and iteratively distilled to produce five pragmatic and accessible tools to aid diagnosis and management of these common allergic problems. Ultimately, they should now be validated prospectively in primary care settings.
Do basophil activation tests help elucidate allergic reactions to the ingredients in COVID‐19 vaccines?
Authors: Eberlein Bernadette , Mathes Sonja , Fischer Jörg , Darsow Ulf , Biedermann Tilo , Brockow Knut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe worldwide use of COVID‐19 vaccines has shown that immediate allergic reactions to the ingredients are rare but should be clarified by means of an allergological work‐up. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge and possible pathogenesis based on the literature published to date. In addition to recording a detailed history and performing skin tests, cellular tests (basophil activation or basophil histamine release test) by using the vaccines or modified compounds containing polyethylene glycol (PEG), rather than unmodified PEGs, have proven to be particularly helpful. Negative results with vaccines seem to indicate tolerance. Details of the performance of these cellular tests with different vaccines, PEGs of different molecular weights, other ingredients of the vaccines, as well as other PEGylated drugs, and the results in the context of COVID‐19 vaccination of various working groups worldwide are summarized.
First COVID‐19 lockdown resulted in most respiratory viruses disappearing among hospitalised children, with the exception of rhinoviruses
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Matera Luigi , Pierangeli Alessandra , Oliveto Giuseppe , Viscido Agnese , Petrarca Laura , La Regina Domenico Paolo , Mancino Enrica , Di Mattia Greta , Villani Alberto , Midulla Fabio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimEmergency room admissions have decreased globally during the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly for respiratory diseases. We evaluated hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the first year of the Italian pandemic and compared them with the corresponding period in 2016–2017.MethodsThe study was carried out at the Sapienza University in Rome, Italy, and covered 9 March to 28 February 2020–2021 and 2016–2017. We tested 85 hospitalised children who were negative for the virus that causes COVID‐19 in 2020–2021 and compared them with 476 hospitalised children from 2016–2017, as we had also tested nasal washing samples for 14 respiratory viruses during that period.ResultsHospitalisations for acute respiratory tract infections were 82.2% lower in 2020–2021 than 2016–2017. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and several other viruses were detected less frequently during the pandemic. An extraordinary finding was that rhinoviruses remained seasonal. In 2020–2021, we detected a virus in 54.1% of the hospitalised children: rhinoviruses in 41, RSV in 4 and other viruses in 1. This was significantly lower than the 71.6% in 2016–2017: RSV in 130, rhinoviruses in 128 and other viruses in 83.ConclusionPandemic measures dramatically reduced childhood respiratory infections, particularly RSV, but were less effective at reducing rhinoviruses.
Assessment of post‐partum haemorrhage risk among women with moderate thrombocytopenia
Authors: Arcudi Sara , Ronchi Alice , Capecchi Marco , Iurlaro Enrico , Ossola Manuela W. , Mancini Ilaria , Schivardi Gabriella , Marconi Anna Maria , Podda Gian Marco , Artoni Andrea 
Published: March 2022

SummaryIt is unknown whether moderate thrombocytopenia represents a risk factor for post‐partum haemorrhage (PPH). We assessed PPH risk among women with a platelet count of between 100 and 50 × 109/l and stratified the risk for O/non‐O blood group. We included consecutive women undergoing vaginal delivery or caesarean section with moderate thrombocytopenia. Women with >150 × 109/l platelets at delivery were selected as controls and matched for age, type of birth and ethnicity. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated as risk estimates. A total of 94 thrombocytopenic women and 94 controls were included in the study. The rate of PPH was significantly higher in thrombocytopenic women than in controls (37% vs. 10%, p < 0.001); there was a higher risk of PPH in the thrombocytopenic group when compared to the control group (adjusted OR 4.7, 95% CI 2.1–10.8, p < 0.01) and this association was stronger in blood group O carriers (adjusted OR 11.0, 95% CI 2.4–49.6, p < 0.01). In conclusion, our study shows that a moderate thrombocytopenia is a risk factor for PPH, especially in blood group O carriers.
Embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors of the central nervous system – Advances in diagnosis and prognostication
Authors: Meredith David M. , Alexandrescu Sanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System introduces new entities, and provides updated guidance regarding the diagnostic criteria for tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). CNS embryonal tumors and CNS non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors can be challenging for practicing pathologists, as the histologic features are not always specific to a particular entity, and integration of microscopic and molecular findings is necessary. This review on CNS embryonal and non‐meningothelial mesenchymal tumors is meant to provide an update with a focus on WHO changes and additions and on recent discoveries with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
Multiple drivers and controls of pockmark formation across the Canterbury Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Micallef Aaron , Averes Tanita , Hoffmann Jasper , Crutchley Gareth , Mountjoy Joshu J. , Person Mark , Cohen Denis , Woelz Susanne , Bury Sarah J. , Ahaneku Chibuzo Valeria , Spatola Daniele , Luebben Neeske , Miserocchi Stefano , Krastel Sebastian , Torelli Martina , Omosanya Kamaldeen. O. L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShallow seabed depressions attributed to focused fluid seepage, known as pockmarks, have been documented in all continental margins. In this study, we demonstrate how pockmark formation can be the result of a combination of multiple factors—fluid type, overpressures, seafloor sediment type, stratigraphy and bottom currents. We integrate multibeam echosounder and seismic reflection data, sediment cores and pore water samples, with numerical models of groundwater and gas hydrates, from the Canterbury Margin (off New Zealand). More than 6800 surface pockmarks, reaching densities of 100 per km2, and an undefined number of buried pockmarks, are identified in the middle to outer shelf and lower continental slope. Fluid conduits across the shelf and slope include shallow to deep chimneys/pipes. Methane with a biogenic and/or thermogenic origin is the main fluid forming flow and escape features, although saline and freshened groundwaters may also be seeping across the slope. The main drivers of fluid flow and seepage are overpressure across the slope generated by sediment loading and thin sediment overburden above the overpressured interval in the outer shelf. Other processes (e.g. methane generation and flow, a reduction in hydrostatic pressure due to sea‐level lowering) may also account for fluid flow and seepage features, particularly across the shelf. Pockmark occurrence coincides with muddy sediments at the seafloor, whereas their planform is elongated by bottom currents.
Multilateral bargaining with proposer selection contest
Authors: Kim Duk Gyoo , Kim Sang‐Hyun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the competition to be selected as the proposer in a subsequent multilateral bargaining game experimentally. The experimental environment varies in two dimensions: reservation payoffs (homogeneous or heterogeneous) and information on the extent of each subject's investment in the competition (public or private). The proposer's share was significantly lower than what theory predicts, and with taking into account the proposer's partial rent extraction, subjects over‐invest to increase their chances of winning the right to propose. More importantly, we find that inefficiency (due to the costly competition) and inequity go hand in hand; the surplus was distributed most efficiently and most equally when subjects were informed of who had spent how much in the competition, and slightly more when the reservation payoffs were heterogeneous. The proportion of proposals being rejected was smaller in the public treatments than in the private treatments. This study contributes to the literature by identifying formal rules that are more effective in establishing efficient informal norms.
How are new drugs disseminated in Japan? Analysis using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims of Japan
Authors: Watanabe Tomone , Sugiyama Takehiro , Imai Kenjiro , Higashi Takahiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrug lag refers to the difference in the time of a new drug's approval in different countries; the dissemination of the new drug after approval within the countries is another problem. We examined the nationwide dissemination of 11 cancer drugs approved in Japan between 2011 and 2015 using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims data. We extracted data on the number of cancer drug prescriptions from 47 prefectures and associated demographic information, such as age and sex. Eight diabetes drugs were also examined for comparison. We observed a lag between the marketing approval date of the drugs and their first use. To further explore the rise and pattern of each drug’s dissemination, we analyzed the trend of the cumulative number and total of new prescriptions for each prefecture. The results showed that the first month of new cancer drug prescriptions varied across prefectures. On average, they lagged by up to 2 months in the slowest prefectures, whereas the variation was almost nonexistent for diabetes drugs. The patterns of dissemination varied more among cancer drugs across the seven Japanese geographical regions. After the initial prescription, the number of prescriptions showed a steep rise for most cancer drugs, whereas the increase was gradual for diabetes drugs. In conclusion, the dissemination of cancer drugs had a greater lag time than that of diabetes drugs. Further research is needed to explore the causative factors to ensure that all effective drugs are equally accessible for those who need them.
Family dynamics in kinship care
Authors: Rose Lilian , Taylor Emily P. , Di Folco Simona , Dupin Melanie , Mithen Heather , Wen Zhanhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKinship care is the first choice for out‐of‐home care in the United Kingdom. Family context is described as both a strength and a weakness of kinship care arrangements with limited research examining how kinship carers understand and experience their family dynamics; the focus of this study. Data were harvested from 106 interaction reports with 63 kinship carers who accessed a Kinship Care Helpline in Scotland over a 2‐month period. Three themes and several subthemes were identified: balancing act; agency and control; changing families. Data showed that kinship carers were managing complex family dynamics organized around welfare of the child, in which carers had to facilitate contact with birth parents that were sometimes perceived as posing a risk to the child. Carers described having to manage their own feelings about birth parents' behaviour and its effect on children. The demands of meeting the child's needs on carer wellbeing were described as a balancing act, negatively impacted upon by limited control over decision‐making. Kinship carers showed resilience in navigating complex, sometimes distressing family dynamics in their drive to provide a stable and positive environment for the child, compromised by ongoing exposure to threats and lack of control over decision‐making.
Population genetics of PDE4B (phosphodiesterase‐4B) in neglected Native Americans: Implications for cancer pharmacogenetics
Authors: Moreira Rennan Garcias , Saraiva‐Duarte Julia Maria , Pereira Alexandre Costa , Sosa‐Macias Martha , Galaviz‐Hernandez Carlos , Santolalla Meddly Lesley , Magalhães Wagner C. S. , Zolini Camila , Leal Thiago Peixoto , Balázs Zsolt , Llerena Adrián , Gilman Robert H. , Mill José Geraldo , Borda Victor , Guio Heinner , O’Connor Timothy D. , Tarazona‐Santos Eduardo , Rodrigues‐Soares Fernanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPDE4B (phosphodiesterase‐4B) has an important role in cancer and in pharmacology of some disorders, such as inflammatory diseases. Remarkably in Native Americans, PDE4B variants are associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse, as this gene modulates sensitivity of glucocorticoids used in ALL chemotherapy. PDE4B allele rs6683977.G, associated with genomic regions of Native American origin in US‐Hispanics (admixed among Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans), increases ALL relapse risk, contributing to an association between Native American ancestry and ALL relapse that disappeared with an extra‐phase of chemotherapy. This result insinuates that indigenous populations along the Americas may have high frequencies of rs6683977.G, but this has never been corroborated. We studied ancestry and PDE4B diversity in 951 healthy individuals from nine Latin American populations. In non‐admixed Native American populations rs6683977.G has frequencies greater than 90%, is in linkage disequilibrium with other ALL relapse associated and regulatory variants in PDE4B‐intron‐7, conforming haplotypes showing their highest worldwide frequencies in Native Americans (>0.82). Our findings inform the discussion on the pertinence of an extra‐phase of chemotherapy in Native American populations, and exemplifies how knowledge generated in US‐Hispanics is relevant for their even more neglected and vulnerable Native American ancestors along the American continent.
Experience with opioids does not modify the brain network involved in expectations of placebo analgesia
Authors: Wicht Corentin A. , Mouthon Michael , Nsimire Chabwine Joelle , Gaab Jens , Spierer Lucas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlacebo analgesia (PA) is defined as a psychobiological phenomenon triggered by the information surrounding an analgesic drug instead of its inherent pharmacological properties. PA is hypothesized to be formed through either verbal suggestions or conditioning. The present study aims at disentangling the neural correlates of expectations effects with or without conditioning through prior experience using the model of PA.We addressed this question by recruiting two groups of individuals holding comparable verbally‐induced expectations regarding morphine analgesia but either (i) with or (ii) without prior experience with opioids. We then contrasted the two groups' neurocognitive response to acute heat‐pain induction following the injection of sham morphine using electroencephalography (EEG). Topographic ERP analyses of the N2 and P2 pain evoked potential components allowed to test the hypothesis that PA involves distinct neural networks when induced by expectations with or without prior experience.First, we confirmed that the two groups showed corresponding expectations of morphine analgesia (Hedges' gs < .4 positive control criteria, gs = .37 observed difference), and that our intervention induced a medium‐sized PA (Hedges' gav ≥ .5 positive control, gav = .6 observed PA). We then tested our hypothesis on the recruitment of different PA‐associated brain networks in individuals with versus without prior experience with opioids and found no evidence for a topographic N2 and P2 ERP components difference between the two groups. Our results thus suggest that in the presence of verbally‐induced expectations, modifications in the PA‐associated brain activity by conditioning are either absent or very small.