bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAPhigh α‐SMAlow cancer‐associated fibroblast‐derived SLPI protein encapsulated in extracellular vesicles promotes ovarian cancer development via activation of PI3K/AKT and downstream signaling pathways
Authors: Sun Luyao , Ke Miaola , Wang Xin , Yin Mengyuan , Wei Junni , Xu Lu , Tian Xing , Wang Fei , Zhang He , Fu Songbin , Zhang Chunyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide with high metastasis and poor prognosis rates. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a heterogeneous population of cells that constitutes a major component of the tumor microenvironment, secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) loading with proteins, lipids, and RNAs to promote tumorigenesis. However, the specific roles of CAF‐derived proteins contained in EVs in ovarian cancer remain poorly understood at present. Using the gene expression microarray analysis, we identified a list of dysregulated genes between the α‐SMA+CAF and FAP+CAF subpopulations, from which secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) was chosen for further validation. Quantitative PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess SLPI expression in ovarian cancer cells, tissues, CAFs, and EVs. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of exogenous SLPI on proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Our results showed SLPI protein was upregulated in CAFs, particularly in the FAPhighα‐SMAlowCAF subpopulation, and associated with increased tumor grade and decreased overall survival (OS). Importantly, CAF‐derived SLPI protein could be encapsulated in EVs for delivery to ovarian cancer cells, thus facilitating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion via activating the PI3K/AKT and downstream signaling pathways. Moreover, high plasma expression of SLPI encapsulated in EVs was closely correlated with tumor stage in ovarian cancer patients. Our collective results highlight an oncogenic role of plasma EV‐encapsulated SLPI secreted by CAFs in tumor progression for the first time, supporting its potential utility as a prognostic biomarker of ovarian cancer.
Intravenous fluid therapy in sepsis
Authors: Seitz Kevin P. , Qian Edward T. , Semler Matthew W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSepsis is the dysregulated immune response to severe infection that is common and lethal among critically ill patients. Fluid administration is a common treatment for hypotension and shock in early sepsis. Fluid therapy can also cause edema and organ dysfunction. Research on the best treatment strategies for sepsis has provided insights on the optimal timing, dose, and type of fluid to treat patients with sepsis. Initial research on early goal‐directed therapy for sepsis included an initial bolus of 30 ml/kg of fluid, but more recent research has supported use of smaller volumes. After initial fluid resuscitation, minimizing additional fluid administration may be beneficial, but no single measure has been established as the best method to guide ongoing fluid management in sepsis. Dynamic measures of “fluid responsiveness” can predict which patients will experience an increase in cardiac output from a fluid bolus. Use of such a measure in clinical care remains limited by applicability to patient populations and uncertainty regarding the effect on clinical outcomes. Recent research informs the effect of fluid composition on outcomes for patients with sepsis. Current data support the use of balanced crystalloids, rather than saline, and the use of crystalloids, rather than semisynthetic colloids. The role for albumin administration in sepsis remains uncertain. Future research should focus on determining the optimal volume of fluid during sepsis resuscitation, the effectiveness of measures of “fluid responsiveness” in improving outcomes, the optimal composition of crystalloid solutions, the role of albumin, and the effects of “deresuscitation” after septic shock.
Development of fluororubber foam by supercritical N2 foaming through irradiation pre‐crosslinking and secondary cross‐linking
Authors: Ma Le Yuan , Zhao Yingjie , Yu Zhen , Zhang Zhen Xiu , Wen Shibao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe preparation of fluororubber foam has always been a promising task because of its easy shrinkage characteristic, a promising way to overcome this challenge is to implement collaborative technology. Fluororubber foam with stable properties were successfully developed by irradiation pre‐crosslinking, followed by supercritical foaming and secondary cross‐linking in the oven using supercritical N2 as foaming agent. The cross‐linking degree and tensile modulus of fluororubber foam enhanced with the increased absorbed dose (40, 50, and 70 kGy), and the second cross‐linking effect was better at the dose of 40 kGy in fluororubber foam. The fluororubber foam without secondary cross‐linking would shrink gradually, however it could reach a stable state after secondary cross‐linking. Fluororubber filled with carbon black (5, 10, 15, and 20 phr) showed different modulus change trend in different strain range. Better fluororubber foam was obtained after secondary crosslinking, where the addition of carbon black promoted the fluororubber foams with more uniform cell structure. The secondary cross‐linking had a good stabilizing effect on fluororubber foam filled with carbon black, which had an important guiding significance in practical production.
A method of obtaining anisotropic loss factors of carbon fibers by indirect fitting
Authors: Guan Chengyu , Li Huimin , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA fitting method is proposed to estimate the anisotropic loss factors of the T700 carbon fibers. In this fitting method, the loss factors of fibers are taken as unknown variables, storage modulus of fibers is assumed to be invariant. The generalized method of cells (GMC) is combined with the correspondence principle to calculate the loss factors of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and the loss factors of fibers are obtained by fitting the loss factors of composite material with the least square method. The loss factors of the T700 carbon fibers obtained by the fitting method are compared with the experiment and verified by the finite element method based on the direct‐solution steady‐state dynamic analysis and the representative volume element. Results show that the fitting method based on the GMC can accurately calculate the anisotropic loss factors of the T700 carbon fibers.
Raising awareness through the Global Tree Assessment: Extinction risk of six fully assessed tree groups
Authors: Hills Ryan , Marfleet Kate , Rivers Malin , Beech Emily , Barstow Megan , Davies Katharine , Crowley Dan , de Kok Rogier , Prance Ghillean 
Published: July 2022

Societal Impact StatementTrees are essential to life on earth—playing important economic, ecological and cultural roles. However, the world is facing a biodiversity crisis, and to be able to effectively conserve tree species with limited funds, we need to know which tree species are threatened. The Global Tree Assessment has addressed this gap in knowledge through accelerating the production of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments. Analysing the results of completed taxonomic groups allows for targeted conservation. Here, we explore the extinction risk of six understudied genera with ethnobotanical uses, allowing for conservation priorities to be set.Summary

To highlight the ongoing progress of the Global Tree Assessment, a synthesis of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List data has been produced for six genera (Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Liquidambar, Nectandra, Teijsmanniodendron and Tilia) which have all their tree species assessed. This was used to analyse the extinction risk within these groups with the aim of setting conservation priorities and raising awareness of genera not previously publicised in the Global Tree Assessment.
The genera were chosen based on completeness, in terms of number of tree species with published IUCN Red List assessments. IUCN Red List categories, threats and uses from each species' IUCN Red List assessment were analysed. An ex situ survey was also carried out to identify species found in botanic gardens, arboreta and seed banks.
Higher threat levels were found in the predominately tropical genera (Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Nectandra and Teijsmanniodendron) compared with the broadly more temperate genera (Tilia and Liquidambar). Habitat loss due to agriculture is a major threat in all genera with exploitation also a key threat to Gilbertiodendron and Tilia. Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Nectandra and Teijsmanniodendron have no threatened species conserved in ex situ collections.
We have identified a need for a range of conservation measures, including collecting threatened species of these groups for ex situ conservation, to ensure no species becomes extinct.
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a background of central nervous system tuberculosis
Authors: Wickramasinghe Sugeesha , Tillekeratne Menaka , Wijayawardhana Sasanka , Sadikeen Aflah , Priyankara Dilshan , Edirisooriya Manoj , Fernando Amitha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 32‐year‐old patient, who was on treatment for tuberculous meningitis complicated with venous sinus thrombosis, was referred to the medical unit as he developed new onset fever, cough and shortness of breath. He was in respiratory distress and needed intubation. Investigations revealed elevated liver enzymes, leukopenia, spherocytosis and lower lobe predominant consolidations and diffuse nodules in the high‐resolution computed tomography. He was suspected to have cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia with the above results, and further investigations revealed an extremely elevated CMV viral load. He was treated with ganciclovir followed by valganciclovir for a total of 42 days resulting in a complete recovery. Liver functions resolved with anti‐viral treatment, and he was started on full anti‐tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Further investigations did not reveal evidence of immunosuppression. Association of CMV and TB is explained genetically, although clinical association is rarely described. The presence of either infection should lead to higher degree of suspicion of the respective other condition in relevant clinical setting.
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for uncertain fractional‐order nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems via command filtering
Authors: Li Yulin , Wang Huanqing , Zhao Xudong , Xu Ning 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article puts forward an event‐triggered adaptive neural tracking control strategy for a class of uncertain fractional‐order nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with full‐state constraints and dead‐zone inputs. The proposed control strategy is capable of surmounting an inherent shortcoming in most traditional backstepping control approaches which results from the repeated differentiation of virtual control functions, and enhancing the transmission efficiency of control signals by introducing an event‐triggered mechanism with a dynamic threshold condition. Furthermore, by constructing a novel barrier Lyapunov function in each step of the backstepping procedure, the design difficulty arising from the system state constraints issue under fractional‐order cases is resolved. It is strictly proved that the tracking error can converge into a desired small neighborhood of the origin and all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of our proposed control strategy.
Ten competencies for the science misinformation crisis
Authors: Allchin Douglas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScientific misinformation and disinformation, proliferating via the internet and social media, are now significant problems. Proposed solutions vary substantially. Here, I describe a set of prospective benchmarks—10 competencies—that seem essential for reorienting science education to address the challenge. They include, first, elements of epistemic motivation, including basic epistemological beliefs about “constructed” knowledge, adopting a posture of respect for empirical evidence, and an understanding of our epistemic dependence on experts. Second, the benchmarks include perspectives and skills in interacting with media sources. These include how to identify experts, how to identify credible gatekeepers, how to recognize deceptive strategies, and how to deal with social networks and technology. Finally, the competencies include self‐regulation, such as acknowledging the cognitive dispositions that bias our thinking (especially about information that challenges our pre‐existing beliefs) and the counter‐balancing role of consensus. I hope that these competency goals can function as a concrete target in guiding discussion of perhaps more complete or more nuanced approaches to the current crisis. With such competencies clearly and explicitly articulated, teachers will be better positioned to develop effective classroom strategies to nurture the relevant competencies.
Microencapsulation of High‐Content Actives Using Biodegradable Silk Materials
Authors: Liu Muchun , Millard Pierre‐Eric , Urch Henning , Zeyons Ophelie , Findley Douglas , Konradi Rupert , Marelli Benedetto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a compelling need across several industries to substitute non‐degradable, intentionally added microplastics with biodegradable alternatives. Nonetheless, stringent performance criteria in actives’ controlled release and manufacturing at scale of emerging materials hinder the replacement of polymers used for microplastics fabrication with circular ones. Here, the authors demonstrate that active microencapsulation in a structural protein such as silk fibroin can be achieved by modulating protein protonation and chain relaxation at the point of material assembly. Silk fibroin micelles’ size is tuned from several to hundreds of nanometers, enabling the manufacturing—by retrofitting spray drying and spray freeze drying techniques—of microcapsules with tunable morphology and structure, that is, hollow‐spongy, hollow‐smooth, hollow crumpled matrices, and hollow crumpled multi‐domain. Microcapsules degradation kinetics and sustained release of soluble and insoluble payloads typically used in cosmetic and agriculture applications are controlled by modulating fibroin's beta‐sheet content from 20% to near 40%. Ultraviolet‐visible studies indicate that burst release of a commonly used herbicide (i.e., saflufenacil) significantly decreases from 25% to 0.8% via silk fibroin microencapsulation. As a proof‐of‐concept for agrochemicals applications, a 6‐day greenhouse trial demonstrates that saflufenacil delivered on corn plants via silk microcapsules reduces crop injury when compared to the non‐encapsulated version.
Hierarchical Porous Cellulosic Triboelectric Materials for Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Zhao Jiamin , Zhang Wanglin , Liu Tao , Liu Yanhua , Qin Ying , Mo Jilong , Cai Chenchen , Zhang Song , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSynthetic polymer materials such as paraformaldehyde and polyamides are widely used in the field of energy engineering. However, they pose a challenge to environmental sustainability because they are derived from petrochemicals that are non‐renewable and difficult to degrade in the natural environment. The development of high‐performance natural alternatives is clearly emerging as a promising mitigation option. Inspired by natural bamboo, this research reports a “three‐step” strategy for the large‐scale production of triboelectric materials with special nanostructures from natural bamboo. Benefiting from the special hierarchical porous structure of the material, Bamboo/polyaniline triboelectric materials can reach short‐circuit current of 2.9 µA and output power of 1.1 W m–2 at a working area of only 1 cm2, which exceeds most wood fiber‐based triboelectric materials. More importantly, it maintains 85% energy harvesting after an extreme environment of high temperature (200 °C), low temperature (−196 °C), combustion environment, and multiple thermal shocks (ΔT = 396 °C). This is unmatched by current synthetic polymer materials. This work provides new research ideas for the construction and application of biomass structural materials under extreme environmental conditions.
Lower uterine segment thickness assessed by transvaginal ultrasound before labor induction: reproducibility analysis and relationship with delivery outcome
Authors: Del Campo A. , Aiartzaguena A. , Suárez B. , Rodríguez A. , Rodríguez L. , Burgos J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the reproducibility of lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement before induction of labor (IOL), and to assess the relationship between LUS thickness and IOL outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of pregnant women undergoing IOL at term, conducted in a single tertiary hospital between July 2014 and February 2017. Women with a singleton pregnancy at ≥ 37 weeks' gestation, with a live fetus in cephalic presentation and a Bishop score of ≤ 6, were eligible for inclusion. Both nulliparous and parous women, and those with a previous Cesarean section (CS), were eligible. All women underwent transvaginal ultrasound assessment before IOL admission, and cervical length and LUS thickness were measured offline after delivery. Maternal and obstetric characteristics and Bishop score were recorded. The main outcome was the overall rate of CS after IOL, and secondary outcomes were CS for either failure to progress in the active phase of labor or failed IOL, and CS for failed IOL only. Interobserver agreement for measurement of LUS thickness between two operators was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis with the ANOVA test to evaluate systematic bias. Univariable and multivariable analysis were employed to evaluate the relationship between clinical and sonographic characteristics and IOL outcomes.ResultsOf 265 women included in the analysis, 195 (73.6%) had a vaginal delivery and 70 (26.4%) required a CS after IOL. Reproducibility analysis showed excellent interobserver agreement for the measurement of LUS thickness (ICC, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98)). On Bland–Altman analysis, the mean difference in LUS thickness between the two operators was 0.15 mm (95% limits of agreement, –1.84 to 2.14 mm), and there was no evidence of systematic bias (ANOVA test, P = 0.46). Univariable analysis showed that LUS thickness was associated significantly with overall CS (P = 0.002), CS for failure to progress in the active phase of labor or failed IOL (P = 0.03) and CS for failed IOL (P = 0.037). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, LUS thickness was an independent predictive factor for overall CS (odds ratio (OR), 1.149 (95% CI, 1.031–1.281)) and CS for failure to progress in the active phase of labor or failed IOL (OR, 1.226 (95% CI, 1.039–1.445)).ConclusionsIn women undergoing IOL at term, measurement of LUS thickness is feasible and reproducible, and is associated significantly with IOL outcome. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
The Political Groups as Organisations: The Institutionalisation of Transnational Party Politics
Authors: Bressanelli Edoardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe chapter investigates the process of institutionalisation of the two major political groups in the European Parliament, the Group of the European People’s Party (EPP) and the Socialists and Democrats (S&D). It argues that the organisational development of the groups has been triggered by external events, such as the introduction of direct elections, the mega-enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe and the legislative empowerment of the EP. Based on a wealth of empirical material—from documents collected in the party archives to original interviews with senior administrators of the groups—it shows that, over time, they have become both more complex and differentiated, and more autonomous from the national member parties. Yet, the latter are still in control of the selection process of members and continue to play an important, but often overlooked, role within the group organisations.
How Do Eurosceptics Wage Opposition in the European Parliament? Patterns of Behaviour in the 8th Legislature
Authors: Brack Nathalie , Behm Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEuroscepticism has become a persistent phenomenon in European politics and particularly in the EP. It is therefore crucial to understand how Eurosceptic MEPs behave within an institution they criticise or even totally oppose and how the differences between Eurosceptics can be explained. This contribution aims to shed light on these questions by analysing the parliamentary behaviour of opposing voices in the 8th EP legislature (2014–2019). The analysis shows that there are indeed diverging patterns of engagement among the three different types of opposition actors we identify. First, MEPs of the non-Eurosceptic, ‘loyal’ opposition aim to provide an alternative to the Grand Coalition and focus strongly on legislative but also scrutiny activities. Second, soft Eurosceptic MEPs, the ‘critical’ opposition, are less integrated in the EP, but still engage in parliamentary life. Finally, hard Eurosceptics can truly be identified as an ‘anti-system’ opposition, concentrating nearly exclusively on activities with a potential publicity character.
Case Study III: Regional Compass Hauts-de-France, Superimposing a Biorefinery, by Ahmed Yaman Abdin and Michèle Friend
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe introduce the beginning of a project to evaluate a region. The region chosen was Hauts-de-France. The choice was not strategic, but opportunistic. It is the region where we lived at the time: as part of the ERASMUS+ programme, Yaman had come over as a Ph.D. student from Saarland University to learn about the compass and philosophy of the environment.
Vocabulary
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe begin by introducing the key words: “institution”, “institutional compass” and “ideological orientation” as they will be used here. We then briefly discuss how the book is organised and finally introduce some arguments to the effect that existing methods for decision making are inadequate, and therefore it is worth considering a stronger alternative. Lastly, the purpose of this introductory part of the book is to air the concepts of the compass in a flowing manner to give a first impression. The concepts will be refined in the following parts.
The Compass as a Representation
Authors: Friend Michèle Indira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe compass represents a table of data, measuring each data point against the others in terms of its quality and strength. The representation is a sort of coded picture, and so, it can be used for communication. We interpret the arrow to tell us that our institution overall shows this general quality. We might be pleased, satisfied or alarmed by the final outcome. Because of the colours, the coded picture elicits emotions in its own right. Provided we select the colours well, we convey the message we want at an intuitive level. In the compasses we have a lighter area towards the centre, and the outer areas have a more intense colour. This is to emphasise the concept of the length of the arrow. A short arrow is balanced between the qualities, or is neutral between the qualities. Because of the strict geometry the compass also creates a sense of distance. We can look at it as a piece of information about the whole. We are then called upon to react to the position of the arrow, but also to reflect upon our own emotional reaction, especially when we are surprised by the position or length of the final arrow.