bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of healthy lifestyle on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in southwest China: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Yanli , He Xi , Zhou Jie , Wang Yiying , Yu Lisha , Li Xuejiao , Liu Tao , Luo Jianhua 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAimsTo explore the influence of nine healthy lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Guizhou, China.MethodsData were obtained from a large population‐based prospective cohort study in Guizhou Province, China. A total of 7,319 participants aged ≥18 years without diabetes at baseline were included in this study and were followed up from 2016 to 2020. A healthy lifestyle score was calculated based on the number of healthy lifestyle factors.ResultsDuring an average of 7.1 person‐years of follow‐up, 764 participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared with those of participants who scored 0–3 for a healthy lifestyle, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of those who scored 4, 5, 6, and ≥7 were 0.676 (0.523–0.874), 0.599 (0.464–0.773), 0.512 (0.390–0.673), and 0.393 (0.282–0.550), respectively, showing a gradual downward trend (P for trend <0.01). More importantly, they had lower fasting and 2 h post‐load plasma glucose levels and fewer changes in plasma glucose levels during follow‐up. If ≥7 healthy lifestyle factors were maintained, 33.8% of incident diabetes cases could have been prevented. Never smoking was the strongest protective factor against type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsA healthy lifestyle can effectively decrease plasma glucose levels and reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Guizhou, China. In addition, not smoking may be an effective way to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Beneficial UVB phototherapy preceding a fractional CO2 laser‐UVB protocol in refractory non‐segmental vitiligo
Authors: Helou Josiane , Soutou Boutros , Maatouk Ismael , Merhy Reine , Assaf Joy , Sarkis Anne‐Sophie , Jabbour Rita , Kaikati Jérôme , Tomb Roland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the short‐ and long‐term effects of UVB phototherapy preceding a fractional CO2 laser‐UVB protocol in patients with resistant nonsegmental vitiligo.Materials and MethodsThis single‐center, prospective, split‐face/body, evaluator‐blinded study included adult patients with stable vitiligo refractory to conventional treatments. Two symmetrical lesions were selected. Phototherapy was delivered with one side covered, until minimal erythema. Within 3 days, 31‐month‐apart sessions of laser were performed on both sides. After each laser session, phototherapy was resumed three times weekly, with all lesions uncovered, until 8 weeks after the last laser session. At baseline, at the end of treatment, and 5 years later, a Mean Improvement Score by Physician (MISP) and a patient satisfaction 10‐point visual analog score (VAS) were recorded.ResultsTen patients (8 women and 2 men) were included; their mean age was 32.9 years; phototype III was predominant; the mean duration of vitiligo was 3 years. At the end of treatment and 5 years later, scores of lesions treated with UVB‐CO2‐UVB (mean MISP 3.0 and 2.9, mean ΔVAS 4.5 and 3.9, respectively), were higher than those of lesions treated only with CO2‐UVB (mean MISP 2.5 and 2.4, mean ΔVAS 4.1 and 3.6, respectively). After 5 years, one patient lost his partial response and two patients developed light hyperpigmentation on both sides.ConclusionExposure to UVB before CO2‐UVB explains the higher scores as it was the only variable between the two sides. It may improve the response of resistant lesions with a constantly sustained result over 5 years.
Assurance payments on the coordination of threshold public goods provision: An experimental investigation
Authors: Li Zhi , Chen Dongsheng , Liu Pengfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate the assurance payment mechanism (APM) in a single‐unit threshold public good game. APM offers an assurance payment () as compensation to would‐be contributors if the group fails to provide the good and individual contributions reach a pre‐determined price. We characterize the set of pure‐strategy Nash equilibria for APM under complete information and show that assurance payments substantially reduce the multiplicity of equilibria and eliminate the set of non‐provision equilibria in a general setup. We find strong evidence that APM improves upon the baseline provision point mechanism without assurance in lab experiments. Assurance payments act as a coordination device and induce more contributions concentrated on , especially for agents with values above , leading to more frequent successful provision, higher group contributions, and an overall welfare improvement. Our experimental findings highlight the non‐equilibrium mis‐coordination as the main reason for the non‐provision of threshold public goods and indicate that the format of assurance payments plays a key role in successful coordination even when provision is the unique equilibrium outcome.
Deflected by the tin foil hat? Word‐of‐mouth, conspiracy beliefs, and the adoption of innovative public health apps
Authors: Kraemer Tobias , Weiger Welf H. , Trang Simon , Trenz Manuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDue to rapid technological advances and the increasing diffusion of smart devices, public health applications (apps) have become an integral aspect of public health management. Yet, as governments introduce innovative public health apps (e.g., contact tracing apps, data donation apps, ehealth apps), they have to confront controversial debates that fuel conspiracy theories and face the fact that app adoption rates are often disappointing. This study explores how conspiracy theories affect the adoption of innovative public health apps as well as how policymakers can fight harmful conspiracy beliefs. Acknowledging the importance of word of mouth (WOM) in the context of conspiracy beliefs, the study focuses on the interplay between WOM and conspiracy beliefs and their effects on app adoption. Based on theories of social influence and conspiracy beliefs, substantiated by data derived from a multi‐wave field study and confirmed by a controlled experiment, the results show that (1) changes in WOM concerning public health apps change conspiracy beliefs, (2) the effects of WOM on changes in conspiracy beliefs depend on both the sender (peer vs. expert) and the receiver's initial conspiracy beliefs, and (3) increases in conspiracy beliefs reduce public health app adoption and trigger more negative WOM regarding such apps. These results should inform health agencies about how to market innovative public health apps. For consumers with initially low levels of conspiracy beliefs, the distribution of expert WOM supporting the efficacy of public health apps effectively prevents the development of conspiracy beliefs and increases app adoption. However, expert WOM is ineffective in reducing conspiracy beliefs among firm conspiracy believers. These consumers should instead be targeted by campaigns distributing peer WOM that highlights an app's benefits and contradicts conspiracy theories.
Preliminary evidence that misalignment between sleep and circadian timing alters risk‐taking preferences
Authors: Hisler Garrett C. , Dickinson David L. , Bruce Scott A. , Hasler Brant P. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryDecision‐making has been shown to suffer when circadian preference is misaligned with time of assessment; however, little is known about how misalignment between sleep timing and the central circadian clock impacts decision‐making. This study captured naturally occurring variation in circadian alignment (i.e., alignment of sleep–wake timing with the central circadian clock) to examine if greater misalignment predicts worse decision‐making. Over the course of 2 weeks, 32 late adolescent drinkers (aged 18–22 years; 61% female; 69% White) continuously wore actigraphs and completed two overnight in‐laboratory visits (Thursday and Sunday) in which both dim‐light melatonin onset (DLMO) and behavioural decision‐making (risk taking, framing, and strategic reasoning tasks) were assessed. Sleep–wake timing was assessed by actigraphic midsleep from the 2 nights prior to each in‐laboratory visit. Alignment was operationalised as the phase angle (interval) between average DLMO and average midsleep. Multilevel modelling was used to predict performance on decision‐making tasks from circadian alignment during each in‐laboratory visit; non‐linear associations were also examined. Shorter DLMO‐midsleep phase angle predicted greater risk‐taking under conditions of potential loss (B = −0.11, p = 0.06), but less risk‐taking under conditions of potential reward (B = 0.14, p = 0.03) in a curvilinear fashion. Misalignment did not predict outcomes in the framing and strategic reasoning tasks. Findings suggest that shorter alignment in timing of sleep with the central circadian clock (e.g., phase‐delayed misalignment) may impact risky decision‐making, further extending accumulating evidence that sleep/circadian factors are tied to risk‐taking. Future studies will need to replicate findings and experimentally probe whether manipulating alignment influences decision‐making.
Effects of adding other protein products on textural properties of soy protein concentrate‐based meat analogs
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhao Xiaohui , Sun Ping , Zhao Dongshun , Dou Wei , Zhang Xin , Jiang Lianzhou , Sui Xiaonan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of proteins on the properties of soy protein concentrate‐based meat analogs under high‐moisture extrusion conditions. The rheological properties of soy protein concentration‐sodium alginate (SPC‐SA) and soy protein isolate‐SPC‐SA (SPI‐SPC‐SA), pea protein isolate‐SPC‐SA (PPI‐SPC‐SA), and zein‐SPC‐SA were evaluated, and the texture properties, microstructure, water absorption, and cooking properties of the resulting protein–meat analogs were characterized after addition of the protein raw materials. Results obtained indicated that the raw material containing 30% SPI had the best viscoelasticity, and the hardness and chewiness of resulting meat analog analogs were the highest when 30% SPI was added, along with the largest volume and best water absorption after cooking. The degree of texturization and toughness of meat analogs were the highest when PPI and zein were 30 and 50%, respectively. Results from this study showed that the texture properties of soy protein concentrate‐based meat analogs were improved by adding proteins to raw material, thus providing a theoretical basis for further development of soy protein concentrate‐based meat analogs.
Praying for More Time: Mexican Immigrants’ Pandemic Eldercare Dilemmas
Authors: Horton Sarah B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on longitudinal research conducted with 21 Mexican immigrants between 2018 and 2021, this article examines the challenges the COVID‐19 pandemic posed to undocumented immigrants in the United States attempting to provide care for aging parents in Mexico. As the United States excluded undocumented immigrants from pandemic support, the pandemic undermined their ability to provide health care for their parents even as the Mexican public health care system crumbled. Meanwhile, as the pandemic hastened their parents’ demise, it thwarted immigrants’ ability to time returns to see their parents before they died. While scholars have amply documented how spatial disparities exacerbated the impact of the pandemic among marginalized groups, few have examined the temporal disruptions caused by the pandemic. This article suggests that the pandemic provoked particular distress by desynchronizing the temporalities of family life across borders and preventing immigrants’ abilities to coordinate care for their parents in time. [COVID‐19, transnational families, eldercare, death, time]
Scenario‐oriented repetitive project scheduling optimization
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Wang Futian , Tang Yuanjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch on project scheduling optimization is trending toward many‐objective optimization, in which the number of objectives exceeds three. However, existing studies usually only consider the necessary logical constraints, ignoring descriptions of practical scenarios and corresponding complex constraints, which limit the designed algorithms in problems with such scenarios and constraints. This study focuses on the many‐objective repetitive project scheduling problem considering practical scenarios with complex constraints (MRPSP‐PSCC). Various constraints are described under flexible matching/mapping between multi‐crew, multi‐mode, and multi‐section scenarios. A many‐objective project scheduling model is proposed for synchronous optimization of time, cost, quality, resource usage, and interruption time. The multiphase balance of diversity and convergence nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (B‐NSGA‐III) with unique advantages for continuous many‐objective optimization problems is transformed for discrete many‐objective optimization. A series of unique designs is employed in the algorithm, including three‐layer coding rules, constraint handling, and local search, to improve the problem‐solving efficiency of the algorithm. The effectiveness and superiority of the model and algorithm for MRPSP‐PSCC were verified through a case study.
Autonomy and isolation experienced by patients and primary caregivers during COVID‐19 hospitalization in Barcelona (Spain)
Authors: Mestres‐Soler Olga , Leyva‐Moral Juan M. , Aguayo‐González Mariela , Zuriguel‐Pérez Esperanza , Rosales Marta , Gómez‐Ibáñez Rebeca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aims to describe patients' and family caregivers' hospitalization experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using qualitative exploratory descriptive methods, 13 patients admitted to the largest hospital in Barcelona (Spain) due to COVID‐19 were interviewed by telephone once discharged, as were eight primary caregivers. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method proposed by Krippendorff. Two main themes were identified: (i) Acceptance of mandatory isolation for patients and family caregivers, which refers to the verbalization of a feeling that justifies the imposed isolation and the need for the use of personal protective equipment by the health team for everyone's safety; and (ii) Limited autonomy during hospitalization for patients and family caregivers, which describes participants' perceptions of autonomy during hospitalization. Patients and caregivers experienced feelings of loneliness, which negatively affected their emotional health. In addition, they experienced reduced autonomy due to new habits and routines intended to control the pandemic for the benefit of public and global health.
Application of CT‐MRI Fusion‐Based Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction Technique in the Anatomic Study of Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Feng Keyi , Wang Tianyue , Tang Jin , Hao Xiaorui , Ma Xiaojun , Qu Zhenan , Wang Weiming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveDuring PCL reconstruction surgery, precise and personalized positioning of the graft tunnel is very important. In order to obtain patient‐specific anatomical data, we established a three‐dimensional knee joint fusion model to provide a unified imaging strategy, as well as anatomical information, for individualized and accurate posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction.MethodsThis is an exploration study. From January 2019 to January 2020, 20 healthy adults randomly were enrolled and assessed via CT and MRI imaging. A three‐dimensional fusion model of the knee joint was generated using the modified MIMIMICS and image fusion software. On the fused image, the areas of the femoral and tibial PCL footprint of both knees were measured. The anatomical center of the PCL footprint was measured at the femoral and tibial ends. The relevant bony landmarks surrounding the PCL femoral and tibial attachment were also measured. Paired t‐tests were employed for all statistical analyzes, and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsAll 20 subjects achieved successful image fusion modeling and measurement, with an average duration of 12 h. The lengths of the LF1‐LF3 were 32.1 ± 1.8, 6.8 ± 2.5, and 23.3 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. The lengths of the LT1‐LT3 were 37.3 ± 3.3, 45.6 ± 5.3, and 6.0 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. The distances between the tibial PCL center of the left knee to the medial groove, champagne‐glass drop‐off, and the apex of the medial intercondylar were 8.4 ± 2.4, 9.2 ± 1.8, and 15.3 ± 1.4 mm, respectively, and the corresponding distances from the right knee were 8.0 ± 2.0, 9.4 ± 2.2, and 16.1 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. We observed no difference between the bilateral sides, in terms of the distance from the PCL center to the PCL attachment‐related landmark, under arthroscopic guidance. The area of the femoral and tibial PCL footprints on the left knee were 115.3 ± 33.5 and 146.6 ± 24.4 mm2, respectively, and the corresponding areas on the right knee were 121.8 ± 35.6 and 142.8 ± 19.5 mm2, respectively. There was no difference between the bilateral sides in terms of the PCL footprint areas.ConclusionIn the fusion image, the PCL attachment center and relevant bony landmarks which can be easily identified under arthroscopy can be accurately measured. The model can also obtain personalized anatomical data of the PCL on the unaffected side of the patient, which can guide clinical PCL reconstruction.
The problem with picking: Permittance, escape and shame in problematic skin picking
Authors: Anderson Suzy , Clarke Victoria , Thomas Zoe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesProblematic skin picking (SP) is a poorly understood experience characterised by a drive to pick the skin and related psychosocial impact. In the DSM‐5, problematic SP is classified as ‘excoriation (skin picking) disorder’. The aim of this article is to present a rare qualitative perspective on the lived experience of problematic SP, prioritising participants' voices and sense‐making.DesignAn in‐depth qualitative study of individuals who self‐identified as picking their skin problematically and experienced related distress.MethodsSeventeen UK‐based participants were recruited online and interviewed about their SP. Participants were given choice of interview modality, including instant messenger platforms, telephone, email and Skype, to maximise comfort and improve the accessibility of the study. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes offering novel insight into the phenomenology of participants' SP are highlighted and explored: (1) how cognitions and circumstances drove and permitted SP, (2) how participants ‘zoned out’ while SP and the escape or relief that this attentional experience offered and (3) participants' feelings of shame and distress in how they felt their SP may appear to others.ConclusionsThis study contributes in‐depth and novel ideas to the understanding of SP phenomenology and identifies how environmental factors, cognitions, contextual distress and shame may be considerations in therapeutic intervention. It presents the complexity of SP sense‐making and demonstrates the need for individual formulation.
Benzo[A]Pyrene and Benzo[E]Pyrene: Photoreactivity and Phototoxicity toward Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Mokrzyński Krystian , Szewczyk Grzegorz , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds derived mostly from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. Human skin can absorb PAHs and the uptake increases with their molar mass and lipophilicity. Benzopyrene is high molecular weight PAH frequently appearing in ambient pollution. It exists in two isomeric forms: benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), which exhibit different biological activity. Although certain properties of benzopyrenes suggested photoreactivity of the compounds, no direct measurements were previously conducted to characterize their photochemical activity. In this study, quantum yield and action spectra of singlet oxygen photogeneration by BaP and BeP were measured by time‐resolved near‐infrared phosphorescence, and the ability of both compounds to photogenerate superoxide anion was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin‐trapping. The measurements revealed high efficiency of benzopyrenes to photogenerate singlet oxygen and their ability to photogenerate superoxide anion. Using HaCaT cells as single‐layer skin model, we demonstrated concentration‐dependent and light‐dependent cytotoxicity of BaP and BeP. The compounds induced damage to the cell mitochondria and elevated the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species.
On ground states for the 2D Schrödinger equation with combined nonlinearities and harmonic potential
Authors: Carles Rémi , Il'yasov Yavdat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a harmonic potential in the presence of two combined energy‐subcritical power nonlinearities. We assume that the larger power is defocusing, and the smaller power is focusing. Such a framework includes physical models, and ensures that finite energy solutions are global in time. We address the questions of the existence and the orbital stability of the set of standing waves. Given the mathematical features of the equation (external potential and inhomogeneous nonlinearity), the set of parameters for which standing waves exist in unclear. In the two‐dimensional case, we adapt the method of fundamental frequency solutions, introduced by the second author in the higher‐dimensional case without potential. This makes it possible to describe accurately the set of fundamental frequency standing waves and ground states, and to prove its orbital stability.
Oral manifestations of eleven individuals with Noonan syndrome. A case series
Authors: Vavetsi Konstantina , Panagopoulou Olga , Fryssira Ηelen , Bobetsis Spyridon A. , Emmanouil Dimitris , Madianos Phoebus N. , Bobetsis Yiorgos A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsNoonan syndrome (NS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, and congenital heart defects. The oral manifestations have not been sufficiently described. In an attempt to enrich our understanding regarding the oral manifestations, the aim of the current study was to present the clinical, radiographic, and microbiological findings of eleven subjects with NS syndrome.Methods and ResultsA complete intraoral clinical evaluation, a radiographic analysis using panoramic and cephalometric x‐rays, and a supra‐ and sub‐gingival microbiological profiling of 20 periodontal and cariogenic microbiota using the checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization technique were performed in a series of 11 NS individuals. Compared to previous reports very few dental findings were present. Gingivitis and carious lesions were present in all subjects and could be related to poor oral hygiene. High‐arched palate and malocclusions such as crossbite, open‐bite, and deep‐bite were very common findings but without a specific pattern. Two findings that have not been reported before included the different shapes of the condyles and the irregular shape of the sella turcica.ConclusionDue to the elevated prevalence of gingivitis, caries, and malocclusion, a multidisciplinary approach including dental follow‐ups should be the standard care in NS patients.