bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients after lung resection heading to the high-dependency unit: a cost-effectiveness study for managing lung cancer patients
Authors: Elsayed Hany Hasan , Ahmed Mohamed Hussein , El Ghanam Mohamed , Hikal Tamer , Abdel-Gayed Mohammed , Moharram Assem Adel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, most thoracic surgery units allocate patients post lung resection to high-dependency units (HDU) rather than the old trend of intensive care units (ITU). The aim of the study is to assess the safety and efficacy of such a policy. We compared a single group of patients who underwent lobectomies who were admitted to ITU before March 2011 and patients whom their destination was to HDU after that date. Preoperative factors and postoperative outcomes were compared.

Results
A total of 408 patients were studied, 203 post-lobectomy patients were admitted routinely to ITU before March 2011, while 205 patients were admitted to HDU after that date. The mean postoperative length of stay in ITU was 1.2 days while in HDU was 1.1 days. In-hospital mortality for the ITU group was 2.5% (n = 5) while in the HDU group was 1.4% (n = 3) (p = 0.43). ITU readmission was observed in 6.5% (n = 13) in the ITU group and 4.3% (n = 9) in the HDU group (p = 0.31). Total complications were present in 39% in the ITU group and 33% in the HDU group (p = 0.16). The total estimated cost of one ITU day per patient is 850 GBP in comparison with 430 GBP for the HDU group (p = 0.007). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the HDU stay per year was US $32.130/QALY.

Conclusion
The high-dependency unit is a safe destination for post-lobectomy patients. The same concept may apply to all thoracotomy patients. Hospitals could adopt such a policy which offers a better financial option without jeopardizing the level of patient care or outcome.
A case series of mucormycosis mimics on MRI—Tales of respite amidst the havoc
Authors: Sukhani Paresh , Goyal Alka , Bellamkondi Ashwini , Mendiratta Kuldeep , Rathi Bhavyansh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is new bandit amidst present COVID-19 pandemic, it is an acute and lethal opportunistic fungal infection affecting immunocompromised and diabetic patients. Since the disease has got high morbidity and mortality despite aggressive treatment, radiologists play a very crucial role in early and accurate diagnosis. Erroneous diagnosis should be refrained by logistic approach and thorough clinico-radiological correlation.

Material and methods
Ours was a cross sectional study included six cases after taking written informed consent who recently presented with mucormycosis like symptoms and imaging findings during a period of 1 month, but by detailed clinical and radiological evaluation, we concluded that all these cases were either physiological mimics or extraneous artefacts, this helped greatly in relieving undue anxiety of patients and referral physicians and also avoided unnecessary further workup. This study was conducted after approval by the institutional ethical committee.

Results
Our study included 3 males and 3 females of age ranging from 32 to 62 years, all of which had history of COVID-positive having mild to moderate CT severity score who were treated with steroids and oxygen therapy (except one case). The most common presenting symptom was headache followed by nasal congestion. The mucor mimickers encountered were benign black turbinate sign, artifacts due to cosmetic dermal fillers and dental fillings, hemangioma, prolonged prone ventilation, and fungal ball.

Conclusions
Amidst the sudden spurt in the number of cases of mucormycosis in our country in the present COVID era, there has been an increase in the number of imaging requisitions. This series of cases aims to sensitize radiologists about the importance of detailed clinical history, thorough clinic-radiological correlation and at times also taking extra efforts to reconnect to patients regarding specific clinical history and avoid fallacious diagnosis.
The inhibition of protein translation promotes tumor angiogenic switch
Authors: Luo Hui , Shen Yuge , Liao Weiting , Li Qiqi , Wu Ni , Zhong Jian , Xiao Chaoxin , Gan Jia , Yang Yun , Dong E. , Zhang Guimin , Liu Binrui , Yue Xiaozhu , Xu Lin , Liu Yan , Zhao Chengjian , Zhong Qian , Yang Hanshuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ‘angiogenic switch’ is critical for tumor progression. However, the pathological details and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we established mammal xenografts in zebrafish to visually investigate the first vessel growth (angiogenic switch) in real-time, by inoculating tumor cells into the perivitelline space of live optically transparent Transgenic (flk1:EGFP) zebrafish larvae. Using this model, we found that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling were unnecessary for the angiogenic switch, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor A gene (Vegfa) played a crucial role. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis showed that the angiogenic switch was characterized by inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (Eif2α) and the expression of Vegfa were increased in the angiogenic switch microtumors, and 3D tumor spheroids, and puromycin-treated tumor cells. Vegfa overexpression promoted early onset of the angiogenic switch, whereas Vegfa knockout prevented the first tumor vessel from sprouting. Pretreatment of tumor cells with puromycin promoted the angiogenic switch in vivo similarly to Vegfa overexpression, whereas Vegfa knockdown suppressed the increase. This study provides direc and dynamic in vivo evidences that inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia or HIF signaling promotes the angiogenic switch in tumor by increasing Vegfa transcription.
Influence of the polyester non-wovens production type on their thermal and flammability properties
Authors: Petkova-Slipets Rositsa , Zlateva Penka , Staneva Desislava 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent years, non-wovens have become the main segment of textile production because they can find applications in different areas. Thermal insulation properties, fire resistance, and flexibility make them cost-effective and efficient insulation panels for buildings. This paper aims to study the influence of the production method and surface treatment on the thermophysical characteristics and behavior under direct fire of two polyethylene terephthalate non-woven fabrics. The fibers have been bonded with polyacrylate adhesive or thermal and coated with silicone. Infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and thermal analyses were applied to compare the non-wovens’ morphology, composition, and thermal properties. It founds that the non-woven polyester with acrylic additives and adhesive bonding has a higher thermal conductivity value and high flammability with complete combustion. In contrast, thermosetting siliconized polyester materials have limited flammability with limited droplet release. The silicone-based finish protects the polyester fibers leading to self-extinguishing and stopping the complete combustion of the sample.
A rare case of a patient with cystinosis and COVID-19 pneumonia with difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation: the “pocus force”
Authors: Vetrugno Luigi , Angelini Valentina , Smiraglia Simone Antonio , Saraceni Elisabetta , Di Giannatale Pierluigi , Maggiore Salvatore Maurizio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHere, we describe the case of a 39-year-old woman with cystinosis who already suffered from an extra parenchymal pattern of restrictive lung disease and, after SARS-CoV-2-related respiratory failure, had a difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation and required tracheostomy. In this rare disease, due to the mutation of the CTNS-gene located on chromosome 17p13, cystine accumulation in the distal muscle has been reported, even in the absence of manifest muscle fatigue. We were able to evaluate diaphragmatic weakness in this patient through the ultrasonographic evaluation of the diaphragm. We believe that diaphragm ultrasonography could be helpful to identify causes of difficult weaning thus supporting clinical decisions.
Nonlinear Rashba effect in a strongly correlated system
Authors: Yuan Xiao , Riseborough P. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There have been a number of reports of experimental observations of a field-dependent enhancement of the Rashba spin-orbit splitting in surface states. We show that strong Coulomb correlations lead to an enhancement of the spin-orbit coupling which is highly sensitive to band-bending and applied electric potentials. In a system with broken inversion symmetry, this leads to a nonlinear field-dependent Rashba interaction that could be responsible for the experimental observations.
Density functional study of thermodynamic properties, thermal expansion and lattice thermal conductivity of Fe2VAl in the high-temperature region
Authors: Sk Shamim , Pandey Sudhir K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Here, we present the phonon calculations for thermodynamic properties, thermal expansion and lattice thermal conductivity of Fe2VAl in the temperature range of

and compare them with existing experiment. Phonon dispersion is computed using the finite displacement method and supercell approach. The positive frequencies of all the phonon modes indicate the mechanical stability of the compound. The specific heat at constant volume and Helmholtz free energy are calculated under harmonic approximation, while calculation of thermal expansion is done under quasi-harmonic approximation. Lattice thermal conductivity

is calculated using first-principle anharmonic lattice dynamics calculations. The zero-point energy and Debye temperature are computed as

and 638 K, respectively. The calculated thermal expansions are found to be

and

at 300 and 800 K, respectively. A significant deviation between calculated (

) and experimental (

) values of

are observed at 300 K. But, as the temperature increases, the calculated and experimental

come closer with the corresponding values of

and

at 800 K. The possible reasons for the deviation of

are addressed. The temperature dependence of phonon lifetime is computed in order to understand the feature of

. The present study suggests that DFT-based phononic calculations provide reasonably good explanations of available experimental phonon-related properties of Fe2VAl in the high-temperature range of

.
High-throughput Screening in Combination With a Cohort Study for Iodothyronine Deiodinases
Authors: Yamauchi Ichiro , Sakane Yoriko , Okuno Yukiko , Sugawa Taku , Hakata Takuro , Fujita Haruka , Okamoto Kentaro , Taura Daisuke , Yamashita Takafumi , Hirota Keisho , Ueda Yohei , Fujii Toshihito , Yasoda Akihiro , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms of iodothyronine deiodinases (DIOs) require further elucidation, and conventional methods for evaluating DIOs are unsuitable for high-throughput screening (HTS). Here we explored factors of transcriptional regulation of 3 types of DIOs (DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3) from a chemical library using our designed HTS. We constructed HTS based on a promoter assay and performed a screen of 2480 bioactive compounds. For compounds that were clinically approved, we validated hit compounds through a retrospective cohort study in our department that evaluated changes in thyroid function in patients using the compounds as drug therapy. Furthermore, we verified the involvement of DIOs using mice treated with the compounds. Of the hit compounds, 6 and 7 compounds transcriptionally up- and downregulated DIO1, respectively; 34 transcriptionally upregulated DIO2; and 5 and 2 compounds transcriptionally up- and downregulated DIO3, respectively. The cohort study clarified the clinical effects of some hit compounds: ritodrine increased free triiodothyronine (fT3)/free thyroxine (fT4) ratio and decreased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, tadalafil increased serum fT3 levels, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decreased serum fT3 and fT4 levels and increased serum TSH levels. Following in vivo experiments using treated mice, consistent results were observed in ritodrine, which upregulated DIO2 in the thyroid gland. In conclusion, we completed HTS for DIOs and obtained attractive hit compounds. Our cohort study revealed the clinical significance of ritodrine, sildenafil, and TKIs. We hope our unique method will contribute to analyzing various targets and lists of hit compounds will promote understanding of DIOs.
Whole Body, Whole Life, Whole Family: Patients’ Perspectives on X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Hamilton Amber A , Faitos Susan , Jones Gin , Kinsley Athina , Gupta Rupal Naik , Lewiecki E Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The rare genetic disorder X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is often exclusively considered to impact children, and, as such, adult patients with XLH may receive inadequate care because their symptoms are not associated with XLH. However, studies have shown that XLH has long-term adverse health consequences that continue throughout adulthood requiring comprehensive lifelong care. Indeed, XLH impacts patients’ whole body, whole life, and whole family. XLH does not just affect the bones; symptoms are chronic and progressive, worsening throughout adulthood, and the burden of XLH overflows into the lives of a patient’s family, friends, peers, and colleagues. To ensure early recognition, comprehensive care, and adequate management of XLH, there are key steps that clinicians can incorporate into their daily practice. These include education, a multidisciplinary approach, open communication, and support. Clinician education on rare disorders such as XLH is critical, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) should ensure that patients and their caregivers have access to XLH-related information. As a whole-body disorder, XLH requires a coordinated approach to treatment across specialties. Frequent open communication among members of the healthcare team is needed to increase HCPs’ knowledge about XLH, and open communication must extend to the patient as well to ensure the patient’s concerns and needs are addressed and treatment is tailored to their specific individual needs. Multiple networks of support, including social and psychological support, should be offered to patients and their families. A basic understanding that XLH affects patients’ whole bodies, whole lives, and whole families is the first step toward accomplishing improved patient care.
Fresh Fruit and Rotten Railroads
Authors: Barnes Bryant K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeorgia fruit growers embodied the intelligent, business-minded mentality about which New South boosters preached. Rather than stubbornly adding to the already glutted cotton markets, these modern farmers diversified. In supplying urban markets with fruit and truck, growers drew the attention of northern capital southward. Queen Peach and her cousins would supplant King Cotton and bring prosperity to the prostrate South. Yet it was with the New South's critics that many growers allied themselves in the 1890s. Despite epitomizing scientific agriculture and virtuous industry, Georgia growers asserted the near impossibility of squeezing profits from fruit. Railroads, they argued, hindered the promised progress and liberation through extortionate freight rates. Consequently, growers became leaders of Georgia's Populist revolt. Their story challenges notions of Populism as backward-looking while revealing the inefficiencies, failures, and precarities of corporate capitalism exemplified by southern railroads. Moreover, it demonstrates the Populists' distinct threat to the rising corporate order.
From 1990 to 2020
Authors: Newfield Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Thinking about the past thirty years can help readers get a sense of the scale of changes that are possible during the thirty years to come. In 1990, the Soviet Union and the Cold War were in place, computers were a niche business, and the world's leading advocates of deep neoliberalization, Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, were out of power. Not many years later, the Cold War had been replaced by a “Global War on Terror,” computers had morphed into a global techno-economic system with names like platform capitalism or surveillance capitalism, and neoliberalization not only outlived these dominant advocates but spread around the world. Simultaneously, work, including the work of university graduates, became increasingly precarious. Racial equality did not come to pass, nationally or globally, and yet even its prospect produced a rising backlash. The post–Cold War “peace dividend” was replaced by continuous local and regional wars. In the past thirty years, the United States in particular became post–middle class, post–civil rights, and postdemocratic. Future universities will need to confront all three legacies if they are to transform themselves.
Brazilian Universities under Attack
Authors: Arantes Pedro Fiori 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrazil has around half of Latin America's twenty-five best-ranked universities, and all of them are public. Most Brazilian public universities are also socially embedded, building knowledge in dialogue with communities, and are involved in defending human rights, social justice, and environmental sustainability. They are a fundamental part of the Brazilian biopolitical pact that has prevailed in recent decades. Brazil's new, openly authoritarian government has chosen this public university system as a central target, pursuing two courses of action: one a radical neoliberal agenda and the other an ideological war on the production of critical, social, and scientific knowledge. For this regime and its necropolitical bias, public universities are no longer necessary institutions. Nevertheless, despite all the attacks against them, universities have acted as important institutions in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic, defending life and human rights.
Wildcat Imaginaries
Authors: Gilich Yulia , Boardman Tony 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The demand for a Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA), made by graduate students at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), culminated in the wildcat strikes of 2019–20 across the University of California system. Graduate students made a seemingly impossible request of the University of California as it currently operates. The impossibility is not financial: a 60 percent increase in wages, in keeping with the COLA demand, is not unreasonable or impossible but remains the bare minimum to bring graduate students out of an intolerable rent burden. The impossibility of the demand therefore resides in the system's resistance to conceiving of students as “workers.” By insisting on graduate students' status as workers, the COLA struggle implicates the university in the production of low-waged and unwaged academic labor. This struggle demonstrates a commonality between students and a whole class of low-waged and precarious workers at the university that includes university staff, lecturers, and service workers. Extreme precarity that triggered the wildcat strike was intensified by police repression of the picket and the unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic. As they grapple with the questions of university abolition, the authors of this article examine the structural violences of universities at large, while being attentive to the particularities of the UCSC wildcat strike. The authors draw on the wildcat imaginaries that emerged, in both inchoate and more developed formations, during the strike and offered a glimpse of a possible abolitionist future.
University Rankings
Authors: Gavroglu Kostas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The ranking systems for universities aim at the quantification of all aspects of university life. For many decades, universities prided themselves on the differences among them. Rankings reduced discussions about the qualitative differences among universities to discussions of numerical differences. Perhaps the closest one can get to drawing a road map of the present and future of universities is understanding the form and content of the rankings within the overall framework of the digital condition. The digital condition already forces the adoption of new ethical modes, restructures working time, imposes styles of reading, affects teaching, and dictates new research practices. But above all, the rearticulations of democracy due to the digital condition will mark the new state of the universities. And such a prospect can perhaps be defined within Bill Sharpe's three horizons framework.
Imagination and the Future University
Authors: Facer Keri 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This essay argues that thinking about university futures requires not only practices of critique and desire, but practices of rigorous and reflexive imagination. Building on Bill Sharpe's three horizons framework, it argues that debates about university futures are dominated by horizon 1 thinking (critique of the current situation) and horizon 3 thinking (normative aspirations toward desirable futures) but that there is limited exploration of horizon 2 (the emerging possibilities that may create radical disruption). The article draws on futures and anticipation studies, in particular Ziauddin Sardar and John Sweeney's “postnormal menagerie,” to model a set of imaginative inquiries into the blind spots, blank spots, and different forms of ignorance through which highly divergent university futures might be explored. It concludes by proposing two scenarios for university futures—the “Campus of the Sky” and the “Pirate University”—as sites of generative experimentation and further research, and with a call for a radical diversification of participation in dialogues about the future of the university.
Simulation and nurse-mentoring in a statewide nurse mentoring program in Bihar, India: diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage and intrapartum asphyxia
Authors: Ghosh Rakesh , Cohen Susanna , Spindler Hilary , Vincent Divya , Sterling Mona , Das Aritra , Gore Aboli , Mahapatra Tanmay , Walker Dilys 
Published: June 2022

Background: Mentoring programs that include simulation, bedside mentoring, and didactic components are becoming increasingly popular to improve quality. These programs are designed with little evidence to inform the optimal composition of mentoring activities that would yield the greatest impact on provider skills and patient outcomes. We examined the association of number of maternal and neonatal emergency simulations performed in trainings with the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and intrapartum asphyxia in real patients. Methods: We used a prospective cohort and births were compared between- and within-facility over time. Setting included 320 public facilities in the state of Bihar, India May 2015 – 2017. The participants were Deliveries and livebirths. The interventions carried out were mobile nurse-mentoring program with simulations, teamwork and communication activities, didactic teaching, demonstrations of clinical procedures and bedside mentoring including conducting deliveries. Nurse mentor pairs visited each facility for one week, covering four facilities over a four-week period, for seven to nine consecutive months. The outcome measures were diagnosis of PPH and intrapartum asphyxia. Results: Relative to the bottom one-third facilities that performed the fewest maternal simulations, facilities in the middle one-third group diagnosed 26% (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.59) more cases of PPH in real patients. Similarly, facilities in the middle one-third group, diagnosed 25% (IRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.50) more cases of intrapartum asphyxia relative to the bottom third group that did the fewest neonatal simulations. Facilities in the top one-third group (i.e., performed the most simulations) did not have a significant difference in diagnosis relative the bottom one-third group. Conclusions: Findings suggest a complex relationship between performing simulations and opportunities for direct practice with patients, and there may be an optimal balance in performing the two that would maximize diagnosis of PPH and intrapartum asphyxia.