bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐knowledge and the self
Authors: Larmore Charles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs several historical examples are adduced to show, different theories of self‐knowledge take shape in response to different conceptions of the sort of beings we are. This leads to the question of what underlying notion of the self motivates, in particular, the dominant modern idea that self‐knowledge consists primarily in grasping whatever beliefs, desires, thoughts, and feelings make up our mental life. The answer is that the self‐constitutive relation to itself has been conceived as one of an intimate, pre‐reflective acquaintance with our own minds and that only so can we be understood as being responsible for whatever we think or do. Against this view it is then argued that all our self‐knowledge really rests on reflection of an essentially third‐person kind, since the self's constitutive relation to itself consists instead in our guiding ourselves by what we take to be reasons in all that we think and do and in thereby counting as responsible for our thought and action, whatever may be the extent of our knowledge of our own minds. This alternative account implies, contrary to the modern view and in company with certain ancient views, that self‐knowledge can prove to be the most difficult kind of knowledge to acquire.
Mission, governance, and accountability of benefit corporations: Toward a commitment device for achieving commercial and social goals
Authors: Bandini Federica , Boni Leonardo , Fia Magali , Toschi Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBenefit corporations (BCs) are profit‐with‐purpose organizations regulated by a legal framework for establishing explicit commitments in terms of multi‐stakeholder governance and accountability structures. We comprehensively analyze the theoretical alignment of four concepts (ownership, mission, governance, and accountability) to explain the legal rationale for BCs' unique corporate form. However, the boundaries of BC legislation are blurry, leaving them open to top‐down governance arrangements and weak accountability. To explore this ambiguity, this paper investigates whether BCs implement a de facto (i.e., beyond the letter of the law) multi‐stakeholder structure with governance models and downward accountability mechanisms that balance different stakeholders' interests, instead of focusing only on shareholder profits. This further highlight the soft boundaries imposed by the BC regulatory framework and suggests that more work is needed to explore the relationship between governance models that differently balance stakeholders' claims and the firm's social performance.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐based therapy for advanced acral and mucosal melanoma
Authors: Mori Tatsuhiko , Izumi Teruaki , Doi Reiichi , Kamimura Anna , Takai Sayaka , Teramoto Yukiko , Nakamura Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcral melanoma (AM) and mucosal melanomas (MM) are rare clinical subtypes of melanoma. AM and MM are etiologically, biologically, and molecularly distinct from cutaneous melanoma (CM). Despite the recent development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of advanced CMs, the true therapeutic efficacy of ICIs for these rare subtypes remains unclear. Since these subtypes are rare, especially in the Caucasian population, their biological features and corresponding novel therapies are underexplored than those of CM. Even in the larger phase III clinical trials for ICIs, the sample size of patients with AM and MM is limited. Consequently, establishment of standard of care for advanced AM and MM has been challenging. This review covers current update and overview on clinical efficacy of ICIs and ICI‐based therapy for advanced AM and MM, based mainly on the reported clinical trials, prospective observational studies, and retrospective studies, to provide a better understanding of the current landscape of this field. In addition, we discuss the future direction of treatment for those rare clinical subtypes, focusing on issues relevant to dermatology and medical oncology.
Determining spatially varying profit‐maximizing management practices for miscanthus and switchgrass production in the rainfed United States
Authors: Zhang Na , Sharma Bijay P. , Khanna Madhu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDetermining optimal management practices for the profitable production of perennial energy crops is critical for scaling up production beyond experimental levels. Although many experimental field studies have examined the effects of management practices on the performance of miscanthus and switchgrass, there are no recommendations for economically optimal nitrogen (N) application rates and how they should vary spatially and with the age of the energy crop as well as on optimal rotation age of the energy crop to maximize profits. We develop a modeling framework to determine economically optimal crop management decisions and simulate the variability under various scenarios for miscanthus and switchgrass production across 2287 counties in the rainfed United States. We find that profit‐maximizing N recommendations for these crops vary across maturity stages and regions and can increase the landowner's profits compared with a uniform N rate across ages and regions. We also find that the optimal rotation for these crops is shorter than the productive physical lifespan (15–20 and 10 years for miscanthus and switchgrass, respectively). Specifically, the N rate that maximizes the economic returns is negligible for miscanthus and 111 kg ha−1 for switchgrass production at age 2. The mean profit‐maximizing N rate increases with age for miscanthus, peaking at 151 kg ha−1 at age 11 before declining to 114 kg ha−1 at the optimal rotation age of 13 years while that for switchgrass is 150 kg ha−1 for middle‐aged stands and declines to 114 kg ha−1 at the optimal rotation of 8–9 years. We find that miscanthus is the most profitable energy crop in the northern region of the rainfed United States while switchgrass is most profitable in the south of the rainfed United States. Our findings are useful for improving assessments of the profitability of energy crops and guiding future management decisions by landowners.
Digital media, ageing and faith: Older Sri Lankan migrants in Australia and their digital articulations of transnational religion
Authors: Gamage Shashini , Wilding Raelene , Baldassar Loretta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo date, older adults have received little attention in the newly emerging technological narratives of transnational religion. This is surprising, given the strong association of later life with spiritual and religious engagement, but it likely reflects the ongoing assumption that older adults are technophobic or technologically incompetent. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with older Sinhalese Buddhist migrants from Sri Lanka, living in Melbourne, this paper explores the digital articulations of transnational religion that arise from older migrants’ uses of digital media. We focus on how engagements with digital media enable older Sinhalese to respond to an urgent need to accumulate merit in later life, facilitating their temporal strategies for ageing as migrants. We argue that these digital articulations transform both the religious imaginary and the religious practices that validate and legitimize a life well‐lived.
Beyond consultocracy and servants of power: Explaining the role of consultants in policy formulation
Authors: Marciano Reut 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrior research on consultants in policymaking described their expanding policy involvement and impact. This research focuses on consultants' policy formulation roles and on how and why these roles vary across jurisdictions and contexts. It draws on comparative research on healthcare policy in Ontario, Canada, and Victoria, Australia. Based on analysis of contracts and expenditure data, and 59 semi‐structured interviews, this research finds that consultants in Victoria are partners in formulation, used routinely for a variety of tasks, including core formulation work. Their role is institutionalized through formal and informal rules. In contrast, consultants in Ontario perform non‐core formulation work and are primarily active in linking the government to other sites and pools of knowledge. The paper ties this variation to public sector internal capacity and policy sector complexity. It offers new empirical data and provides a nuanced understanding of the roles of consultants in policy formulation.
Prevalence and trends of multiple antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in one tertiary hospital for 20 years in Korea
Authors: Lee Jung Won , Kim Nayoung , Choi Soo In , Jang Jae Young , Song Chin Hee , Nam Ryoung Hee , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundFailure of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is principally caused by antimicrobial resistance. Nowadays, multidrug resistance could be a major determinant of eradication failure. To assess minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), antimicrobial resistance rates and trends in H. pylori isolated from patients with upper gastrointestinal disease with long‐term period.Materials and MethodsPatients who had H. pylori colonies isolated from culture were consecutively enrolled during the period of 2003–2022. From each patient, one to ten isolates were collected from culture of mucosal biopsy. MIC test was performed for amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin using agar dilution method. Trends in MIC distribution, prevalence of resistances with single and multiple were investigated which were suspected to be related to the failure of empirical H. pylori eradication treatment.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2022, a total of 873 patients were enrolled and 2735 H. pylori isolates were successfully collected. Increase in the primary resistance rate was found in clarithromycin (16.1%–31.0%, p = .022), metronidazole (30.6%–38.1%, p < 0.001), and both of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin (7.3%–35.7%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of multidrug resistance to both clarithromycin and metronidazole (9.2%–37.9%, p < 0.001), clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone (2.8%–41.7%, p < 0.001), and clarithromycin, metronidazole, and fluoroquinolone (1.4%–28.2%, p < 0.001) was found to significantly increase.ConclusionsThe prevalence of multiple resistance against H. pylori in Korea is ongoing. Its trend should be considered when establishing an empirical treatment strategy (ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT05247112).
Influences on indoor environmental trigger remediation uptake for children and young people with asthma: A scoping review
Authors: Lewis Grace , Milnes Linda , Adams Alexandra , Schwarze Jürgen , Duff Alistair 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionChildren and young people (CYP) with asthma can benefit from reduced exposure to indoor environmental allergens and triggers but may not consistently have avoidance strategies implemented. To inform future interventions to increase trigger and allergen avoidance and enhance asthma control, a greater understanding of the influences on avoidance behaviours is necessary.MethodsA systematic scoping review was selected to summarize evidence on what influences family uptake of indoor environmental asthma trigger avoidance strategies for CYP with asthma and identify research gaps. Primary studies of any design, including CYP (≤18 years) with asthma, and/or parent‐carers, available in English and conducted since 1993, were eligible. Searches included nine databases, hand‐searching reference lists and citation searching.FindingsThirty‐three articles were included and are summarized narratively due to heterogeneity. Influences appear complex and multifactorial and include barriers to strategy uptake, health beliefs and personal motivation. Research specifically related to family understanding of allergic sensitisation status and exposure risks, and how these may inform avoidance implementation is required. Patient and public involvement (PPI) was not reported in included articles, although two studies used participatory methods.ConclusionThere is limited research on family asthma trigger management, particularly what influences current management behaviours. Variation in families' ability to identify important triggers, understand exposure risk and consistently reduce exposures warrants further exploratory research to explain how families reach avoidance decisions, and what future interventions should aim to address. Further PPI‐informed research to address such gaps, could enable theory‐based, person‐centred interventions to improve the uptake of asthma trigger remediation.Patient or Public ContributionAn asthma‐specific PPI group contributed to the decision‐making for the funding for the wider project this review sits within. The findings of this scoping review have informed the subsequent phases of the project, and this was discussed with PPI groups (both adult and CYP groups) when proposing the next phases of the project.
Optimization of first‐line systemic therapy in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Takagi Toshio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough five immune‐oncologic‐drug‐based combination therapies, such as ipilimumab plus nivolumab, avelumab plus axitinib, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, nivolumab plus cabozantinib, and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib, have been approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Japan, the optimal therapy for advanced RCC has not been determined. Without head‐to‐head comparison, several network meta‐analyses using phase 3 clinical trials presented the highest likelihood of maximal overall survival, progression‐free survival, and objective response rate according to several categories such as the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk group, programmed cell death 1‐ligand 1 expression, sarcomatoid features, or the safety profile of treatment‐related adverse events; however, they did not include the results of additional long‐term follow‐up data in each clinical trial. In the real world, advanced RCC treatment depends on several factors, such as age, comorbidity, tumor burden, or the presence of symptoms that affect daily life. To relieve tumor‐related symptoms, tumor burden reduction is required, which may lead to the use of therapies with high response rates and low risk of disease progression. Moreover, patients with comorbidities, such as uncontrolled diabetes, are required to avoid steroid therapy for adverse events, which may necessitate the use of therapies with a low incidence of adverse events that are needed for high‐dose steroids or permanent steroid replacement therapy. Moreover, novel drugs, such as the hypoxia‐inducible factor 2a inhibitor (belzutifan) or immunostimulatory interleukin‐2 cytokine prodrug (bempegaldesleukin) have been developed, and phase 3 clinical trials of combination therapy using these drugs for treatment‐naïve advanced RCC are ongoing. Further development of systemic therapies for advanced RCC is required.
More than words: Can tone of consumer product reviews help predict firms’ fundamentals?
Authors: Jin Shunyao (Cynthia) 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough financial market participants are increasingly interested in the financial value of unstructured qualitative information regarding the prospects of a firm, empirical evidence remains sparse on the properties of qualitative content in consumer product reviews and their capital market implications. Using a broad sample of consumer reviews posted on Amazon.com, I examine whether the linguistic tone of aggregate consumer product reviews conveys information that is associated with firms’ sales, earnings, stock returns and risk. I find that aggregate review tone successfully predicts a firm's forthcoming quarterly sales. Moderating analyses show that this predictability is stronger for firms operating in a highly competitive environment. I further find that review tone predicts a firm's quarterly earnings surprises, abnormal stock returns and risk. A path analysis shows that the effect of review tone on stock prices is partially channeled through its effect on firms’ earnings. I finally find that negative review tone is more informative and useful than positive tone in predicting a firm's fundamentals. Importantly, these results hold after controlling for other review characteristics, including review rating, review volumeand review dispersion. Overall, my findings highlight the importance of considering the tone of consumer reviews when evaluating a firm's prospects and value.
Oral orismilast: Efficacy and safety in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and development of modified release tablets
Authors: Warren Richard B. , Strober Bruce , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Guttman Emma , Andres Philippe , Felding Jakob , Tutkunkardas Deniz , Kjøller Kim , Sommer Morten O. A. , French Lars E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundOrismilast is a high‐potency phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with enhanced selectivity for the PDE4B and PDE4D subtypes.ObjectivesThe objective of this phase 2a trial was to examine the efficacy and safety of orismilast for psoriasis using a first‐generation immediate‐release (IR) formulation. The objective of the subsequent phase 1 trial was to test new formulations designed to minimize the gastrointestinal (GI)‐related adverse events (AEs) observed with the first‐generation IR formulation. We examined the following: (1) pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of orismilast modified release (MR) and IR, (2) food effects on PK properties of orismilast MR or IR, (3) safety of orismilast MR compared to placebo.MethodsIn a phase 2a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis were randomized to receive 30 mg oral orismilast IR or placebo over 16 weeks. The single‐site phase 1 trial consisted of three parts: (1) participants received a single 30 mg dose of orismilast MR and IR (open‐label), (2) participants received 30 mg orismilast MR or IR under either fasting condition, following a high‐fat meal or low‐fat meal (open‐label) and (3) participants received up to 60 mg orismilast MR twice‐daily or a placebo for 17 days (double‐blind).ResultsIn the phase 2a trial, treatment with orismilast IR significantly improved the mean Psoriasis Area Severity Index score at week 16 compared to placebo. The phase 1 trial revealed comparable PK properties of the orismilast MR and IR formulations, with participants in the orismilast MR group experiencing fewer GI‐related AEs than those receiving orismilast IR (16.7% vs. 33.3%).ConclusionOrismilast IR displayed higher efficacy compared to placebo in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis at week 16. Orismilast MR had similar PK properties and fewer GI disorders compared to the IR formulation in healthy participants. Future development of orismilast will be based on the MR formulation.
Multiple‐Group Joint Modeling of Item Responses, Response Times, and Action Counts with the Conway‐Maxwell‐Poisson Distribution
Authors: Qiao Xin , Jiao Hong , He Qiwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultiple group modeling is one of the methods to address the measurement noninvariance issue. Traditional studies on multiple group modeling have mainly focused on item responses. In computer‐based assessments, joint modeling of response times and action counts with item responses helps estimate the latent speed and action levels in addition to latent ability. These two new data sources can also be used to further address the measurement noninvariance issue. One challenge, however, is to correctly model action counts which can be underdispersed, overdispersed, or equidispersed in real data sets. To address this, we adopted the Conway‐Maxwell‐Poisson distribution that accounts for different types of dispersion in action counts and incorporated it in the multiple group joint modeling of item responses, response times, and action counts. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was used for model parameter estimation. To illustrate an application of the proposed model, an empirical data analysis was conducted using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 collaborative problem‐solving items where potential measurement noninvariance issue existed between gender groups. Results indicated that Conway‐Maxwell‐Poisson model yielded better model fit than alternative count data models such as negative binomial and Poisson models. In addition, response times and action counts provided further information on performance differences between groups.
Molecular prevalence and subtypes distribution of Blastocystis sp. among outpatients and inpatients in north and south areas of Henan Province, China
Authors: Mei Xuefang , Su Changwei , Wang Weijuan , Zhang Bo , Wei Lai , Zhang Zhenchao , Tian Xiaowei , Yang Zhenke , Li Xiangrui , Duan Aijun , Wang Shuai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBlastocystis sp. is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans and many animals. To further understand the infection of Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis) and the distribution of its genotype in some areas of Henan Province, China, 793 stool samples from outpatients and inpatients in Xinxiang City and Xinyang City, Henan Province were collected from April 2020 to July 2022. The samples were detected by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the infection rates of B. hominis in Xinxiang and Xinyang were 10.97% (51/465) and 10.98% (36/328), respectively. Although there were no significant differences in B. hominis infection between gender, age, residence, and disease background, the incidence of hematochezia significantly differed from the incidence of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation among participants (χ2 = 15.795, p = 0.002). A total of 87 positive samples were sequenced and compared with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, and five subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST4, ST6, and ST7) were identified, of which ST3 was the dominant subtype (63.22%, 55/87), followed by ST7 (17.24%, 15/87) and ST1 (16.09%, 14/87). This is the first study that analyzed the prevalence and subtype distribution of B. hominis in southern and northern Henan Province, thus providing new insights into the epidemiology of B. hominis.
DNA methylation dynamics during germline development
Authors: He Shengbo , Feng Xiaoqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDNA methylation plays essential homeostatic functions in eukaryotic genomes. In animals, DNA methylation is also developmentally regulated and, in turn, regulates development. In the past two decades, huge research effort has endorsed the understanding that DNA methylation plays a similar role in plant development, especially during sexual reproduction. The power of whole‐genome sequencing and cell isolation techniques, as well as bioinformatics tools, have enabled recent studies to reveal dynamic changes in DNA methylation during germline development. Furthermore, the combination of these technological advances with genetics, developmental biology and cell biology tools has revealed functional methylation reprogramming events that control gene and transposon activities in flowering plant germlines. In this review, we discuss the major advances in our knowledge of DNA methylation dynamics during male and female germline development in flowering plants.