bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrafractional accuracy and efficiency of a surface imaging system for deep inspiration breath hold during ablative gastrointestinal cancer treatment
Authors: Zeng Chuan , Lu Wei , Reyngold Marsha , Cuaron John J. , Li Xiang , Cerviño Laura , Li Tianfang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeBeam gating with deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) usually depends on some external surrogate to infer internal target movement, and the exact internal movement is unknown. In this study, we tracked internal targets and characterized residual motion during DIBH treatment, guided by a surface imaging system, for gastrointestinal cancer. We also report statistics on treatment time.Methods and materialsWe included 14 gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with surface imaging‐guided DIBH volumetrically modulated arc therapy, each with at least one radiopaque marker implanted near or within the target. They were treated in 25, 15, or 10 fractions. Thirteen patients received treatment for pancreatic cancer, and one underwent separate treatments for two liver metastases. The surface imaging system monitored a three‐dimensional surface with ± 3 mm translation and ± 3° rotation threshold. During delivery, a kilovolt image was automatically taken every 20° or 40° gantry rotation, and the internal marker was identified from the image. The displacement and residual motion of the markers were calculated. To analyze the treatment efficiency, the treatment time of each fraction was obtained from the imaging and treatment timestamps in the record and verify system.ResultsAlthough the external surface was monitored and limited to ± 3 mm and ± 3°, significant residual internal target movement was observed in some patients. The range of residual motion was 3–21 mm. The average displacement for this cohort was 0–3 mm. In 19% of the analyzed images, the magnitude of the instantaneous displacement was > 5 mm. The mean treatment time was 17 min with a standard deviation of 4 min.ConclusionsPrecaution is needed when applying surface image guidance for gastrointestinal cancer treatment. Using it as a solo DIBH technique is discouraged when the correlation between internal anatomy and patient surface is limited. Real‐time radiographic verification is critical for safe treatments.
Could Capacitive Behavior be Triggered in Inorganic Electrolyte‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries?
Authors: Long Ziyao , Ruan Jiafeng , Li Shuyang , Hu Jiaming , Hu Renzong , Fang Fang , Wang Fei , Song Yun , Sun Dalin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent studies in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) based on inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) have improved the energy density to a higher level. However, its commercialization is still delayed by many intrinsic limitations, among which the fast‐charging capability is not mentioned enough. Despite few elaborately selected electrolytes coupled with electrodes that can deliver an extremely high rate, the rate improvement strategy is still lacking. Here, a novel and effective strategy of introducing liquid metal is demonstrated to trigger the capacitive behavior in the ASSBs for the first time. Two paramount criteria of inducing capacitive behavior in ASSBs are proposed, and both of them are accomplished by utilizing liquid metal Ga. As a result, the capacitive behavior contribution to total charge storage reaches 73% at 1 mV s−1. Benefitted from the improved kinetics, both an excellent rate of performance (81% specific capacity retained at 5 C) and a good cyclability (0.02% decay per cycle during 800 cycles at 1 C) are delivered. The universality of the liquid metal induced capacitive behavior in ASSBs is further verified in multiple active materials. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the origin of the capacitive behavior and opens a new route for fast‐charging ASSBs.
Robust Dual Enzyme Cascade‐Catalytic Cholesterol Depletion for Reverse Tumor Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Guo Jialing , Du Xiaoming , Huang Jingshu , Liu Chenxin , Zhou Yingying , Li Ying , Du Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough combination drugs and P‐glycoprotein inhibitors are the main methods to solve multidrug resistance, these methods ignore the pathological structure of drug‐resistant cells and extremely limit curative effect. Herein, a new paradigm of reversing multidrug resistance with abnormal expression of cholesterol as the target is proposed, which uses the cascade catalysis of “natural enzyme” cholesterol oxidase (COD) and “nanoenzyme” Cu2+‐modified zirconium‐based metal–organic framework (ZrMOF(Cu)) to convert cholesterol into the highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. The doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded nanoparticles (DOX@COD‐MOF) can significantly reduce the cholesterol content of cancer cells via COD, which decrease the rigidity of drug resistant cancer cell membranes and restore the sensitivity of multidrug‐resistant cells to DOX. Afterward, DOX@COD‐MOF is encapsulated by cancer cell membranes (CCM) to construct a bionic “dual enzyme catalytic cascade nanoreactor” (DOX@COD‐MOF@CCM). Such a rational design presents a preferential accumulation tendency to tumor sites due to the homologous targeting mechanism of CCM, and affords 94.4% in tumor growth suppression without systemic toxicity in vivo. This work aims to achieve the therapeutic purpose of high efficiency and low toxicity. It has the characteristics of “converting enemy into friend, ” and opens up a promising way for effectively reversing multidrug resistance of tumors.
Controlled Covalent Self‐Assembly of a Homopolymer for Multiscale Materials Engineering
Authors: Bai Xiangyang , Sun Qingxue , Cui Hao , Guerzoni Luis P. B. , Wuttke Stefan , Kiessling Fabian , De Laporte Laura , Lammers Twan , Shi Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolymer self‐assembly is a crucial process in materials engineering. Currently, almost all polymer self‐assembly is limited to non‐covalent bonding methods, even though these methods have drawbacks as they require complicated synthesis techniques and produce relatively unstable structures. Here, a novel mechanism of covalent polymer self‐assembly is discovered and employed to address drawbacks of non‐covalent polymer self‐assembly. A simple ketone homopolymer is found to self‐assemble into nano‐ to macroscale hydrogels during covalent crosslinking. In contrast to non‐covalent self‐assembly, the covalent self‐assembly is independent of and unaffected by solvent conditions (e.g., polarity and ionic strength) and does not require additional agents, e.g., organic solvents and surfactants. The covalent polymer self‐assembly is subjected to a new mechanism of control by tuning the covalent crosslinking rate. This leads to nanogels with an unprecedented and tightly controlled range of dimensions from less than 10 nm to above 100 nm. Moreover, the crosslinking rate also regulates the assembly behavior of microgels fabricated by microfluidics. The microgels self‐assemble into granular fibers, which is 3D printed into stable porous scaffolds. The novel covalent polymer assembly method has enormous potential to revolutionize multiscale materials fabrication for applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and many other fields.
Shaping 90 wt% NanoMOFs into Robust Multifunctional Aerogels Using Tailored Bio‐Based Nanofibrils
Authors: Rostami Jowan , Benselfelt Tobias , Maddalena Lorenza , Avci Civan , Sellman Farhiya Alex , Cinar Ciftci Goksu , Larsson Per A. , Carosio Federico , Akhtar Farid , Tian Weiqian , Wågberg Lars 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid porous crystalline networks with tunable chemical and structural properties. However, their excellent potential is limited in practical applications by their hard‐to‐shape powder form, making it challenging to assemble MOFs into macroscopic composites with mechanical integrity. While a binder matrix enables hybrid materials, such materials have a limited MOF content and thus limited functionality. To overcome this challenge, nanoMOFs are combined with tailored same‐charge high‐aspect‐ratio cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) to manufacture robust, wet‐stable, and multifunctional MOF‐based aerogels with 90 wt% nanoMOF loading. The porous aerogel architectures show excellent potential for practical applications such as efficient water purification, CO2and CH4gas adsorption and separation, and fire‐safe insulation. Moreover, a one‐step carbonization process enables these aerogels as effective structural energy‐storage electrodes. This work exhibits the unique ability of high‐aspect‐ratio CNFs to bind large amounts of nanoMOFs in structured materials with outstanding mechanical integrity—a quality that is preserved even after carbonization. The demonstrated process is simple and fully discloses the intrinsic potential of the nanoMOFs, resulting in synergetic properties not found in the components alone, thus paving the way for MOFs in macroscopic multifunctional composites.
Synergistically Microstructured Flexible Pressure Sensors with High Sensitivity and Ultrawide Linear Range for Full‐Range Human Physiological Monitoring
Authors: Cui Xihua , Jiang Yue , Hu Lin , Cao Miao , Xie Hongyan , Zhang Xianchao , Huang Fengli , Xu Zhiguang , Zhu Yutian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh sensitivity and wide linear range are core performances for flexible pressure sensors in practical applications. Due to the trade‐off between sensitivity and linear range, developing high‐performance flexible pressure sensors with both high sensitivity and wide linear range through a facile method is still a great challenge. Herein, a synergistically microstructured flexible pressure sensor with fibrous and microdomed (FMD) structure composed of a fibrous conductive layer sandwiched between a microdome‐structured PDMS layer and an interdigital electrode is proposed. Ascribed to the synergistic effect of the FMD structure possessing multiple deformations, the resistance of the sensor varies sensitively and continuously under pressure. Consequently, the pressure sensors perform a high sensitivity (6.31 kPa−1), an ultrawide linear range (4.6 Pa–800 kPa), short response time (72 ms) and relaxation time (88 ms), and remarkable stability during 10 000 loading/unloading cycles under 127.4 kPa. These high performances allow the sensors to detect full‐range human psychological signals from low to high pressures, such as pulse, phonation, joint moments, and plantar pressure. Moreover, the synergistically microstructured sensors can be integrated into large‐area and crosstalk‐free sensor array to map the spatial pressure distribution, demonstrating their viable applications in personal physiological parameters monitoring and human–machine interfaces.
Addressing conservation practice limitations and trade‐offs for reducing phosphorus loss from agricultural fields
Authors: Kleinman Peter J. A. , Osmond Deanna L. , Christianson Laura E. , Flaten Don N. , Ippolito James A. , Jarvie Helen P. , Kaye Jason P. , King Kevin W. , Leytem April B. , McGrath Joshua M. , Nelson Nathan O. , Shober Amy L. , Smith Douglas R. , Staver Kenneth W. , Sharpley Andrew N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConservation practices that reduce nutrient and soil loss from agricultural lands to water are fundamental to watershed management programs. Avoiding trade‐offs of conservation practices is essential to the successful mitigation of watershed phosphorus (P) losses. We review documented trade‐offs associated with conservation practices, particularly those practices that are intended to control and trap P from agricultural sources. A regular theme is the trade‐off between controlling P loss linked to sediment while increasing dissolved P losses (no‐till, cover crops, vegetated buffers, constructed wetlands, sediment control basins). A variety of factors influence the degree to which these trade‐offs occur, complicated by their interaction and uncertainties associated with climate change. However, acknowledging these trade‐offs and anticipating their contribution to watershed outcomes are essential to the sustainability of conservation systems.
Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Yachao , Zhang Tong , Zhang Mingdao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExplosively increased market penetration of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and stationary energy storage devices has recently aroused new concerns on nonrenewable metal resources and environmental pollution because of the forthcoming wave of retired popularized LIBs. Recycling the retired LIBs in an environmentally sustainable and cost‐effective way thus becomes much urgent and imperative. As a preferable route, the direct regeneration strategy has been innovatively proposed to repair degraded cathode materials in retired LIBs under non‐destructive conditions, which exhibits tremendous superiority compared to conventional metallurgical method that just emphasizes the recovery of target metal elements. Nevertheless, the development of direct regeneration methods for degraded cathode materials is still in infancy, and there remain many scientific and technological obstructions to conquer. It is even absent in the thorough summaries and assessments of this kind of avenue so far. In this review, the current states of various direct regeneration approaches from the regenerative processes, principles, merits, and challenges aspects are summarized, highlighting the extraordinary importance in constructing the really‐green closed loop industry for future sustainable energy and, more significantly, in turn providing profound insights into rationally designing more advanced regeneration approaches at the industrial scale.
Unraveling the Key Atomic Interactions in Determining the Varying Li/Na/K Storage Mechanism of Hard Carbon Anodes
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Jun , Zhong Lixiang , Geng Fushan , Tao Ying , Geng Chuannan , Li Shuzhou , Hu Bingwen , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHard carbons have been identified as competitive anodes for Li/Na/K‐ion batteries but their Li/Na/K‐ion storage mechanisms significantly vary in different batteries. It is fundamental to understand the basic science behind the difference. Herein, it is theoretically revealed that defects on the carbon layers generally have an influential impact on the atomic interactions including the metal–metal (M–M) and metal–carbon (M–C) interactions, thereby determining whether the stored alkali‐metal atoms are in ionic or quasi‐metallic states. Upon increasing the number of metal atoms on a carbon layer composed of only hexatomic rings, K tends to be stored in an ionic state similar to Li due to the dominant M–C interaction, while on a carbon layer with defects, K tends to be stored in a quasi‐metallic state similar to Na due to the dominant M–M interaction. For experimental verification, a glassy carbon, the extreme form of hard carbon with dominant sp2 hybridization and only Stone–Wales defects, is selected as a model anode, and its Li/Na/K‐ion storage mechanisms are exactly consistent with the theoretical prediction. More profoundly, for the first time, the quasi‐metallic K cluster information is captured by ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance.
Climate change impacts on maize and soybean yields in Zambia
Authors: Chilambwe Alice , Crespo Olivier , Chungu Donald 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProjected changes in temperature and rainfall directly threaten the overall agricultural crop production system in Zambia where 75% of agricultural production is rainfed. This study investigates the effects of future climate on maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields using relatively high spatial resolution downscaled climate data in Central and Eastern Zambia. The Agrometshell model was applied to simulate historical and future crop yields. To account for the effects of climate change on crop yields, global climate models (GCMs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) were used. Most yield functions were significant with R2 values >.7 with p < .05, indicating the model's ability to capture variations in observed data. Mean maize yield change decreased across RCPs and GCMs in Central Province and the decrease amplified in several areas in the far future, suggesting worsening effects into the future. But the projected mean yield changes in Eastern Province remain mostly within the historical range of variability, suggesting that maize yield in this province is less sensitive to climate change. Projected mean soybean yield changes in Central Province consist of a combination of reductions and improvements. Soybean yields in Eastern Province were projected to increase in the near future, shifting to large increases in the far future. Drastic reductions in maize yields are likely to cause major negative effects in the agricultural system because maize is a staple crop in the country. In contrast, soybean showed less sensitivity to future climate and demonstrates the value of diversifying agricultural systems and increasing the sustainability of food production systems.
Spherical boron nitride/silicone rubber composite with high isotropic thermal conductivity via pre‐constructing thermally conductive networks
Authors: Hu Yu‐Fan , Zhou Xue‐Jun , Ni Shi‐Hao , Wu Feng‐Yang , Zong Ji‐You , Yang Tai‐Bao , Yan Ding‐Xiang , Tang Jian‐Hua , Lei Jun , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThermal interface material (TIM) is crucial for electronic devices to dissipate heat, but the high interface thermal resistance between polymer matrix and filler is a major problem affecting its thermal conductivity (TC). In this study, we prebuilt excellent thermally conductive pathway of isotropic spherical boron nitride (sBN) using a facile method, that is, pressing fillers, to decrease the interface thermal resistance before filling matrix silicon rubber (SR), and prepared a TIM with high isotropic TC. At 50 wt% filler content, the through‐plane and in‐plane TCs of sBN/SR composite reached 9.36 and 7.82 W/(m·K), respectively, which are higher than the highest value of previous research on bulk BN/SR composites (not including film), 4.13 and 6.56 W/(m·K), respectively. Meanwhile, the thermal decomposition temperature of TIM is 47.2°C higher than that of pure SR. In addition, the TIM has a low hardness (shore A hardness <70) and can be bent and folded, so can be used to substitute traditional thermally conductive silicone pad.
Preparation of epoxy resin foam by composite foaming agent prepared from microporous silica and 4,4′‐bisoxybenzenesulfonyl hydrazide
Authors: Ma Congyang , Wang Sheng , Li Yage , Yu Tianjia , Yao Youwei , Du Hongda , Cai Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenerally, foamed epoxy resin prepared by chemical method has relatively large average cell size and low cell density, resulting in low mechanical properties and poor heat resistance. In this work, a new type of composite foaming agent (CFA) was prepared by filling the chemical foaming agent 4,4′‐bisoxybenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (OBSH) into microporous silica microspheres (MSMs), and then used for epoxy resin foaming research. The effects of curing agent diethylenetriamine (DETA) and CFA contents on cell density and size were also discussed. The best epoxy resin foaming sample has a cell density of 106 cells cm−3 with an average cell diameter of 65 μm, and a high compressive strength of 34 MPa as well as a good heat resistance. These results indicate the potential application of CFA in epoxy resin foaming area.
Arousal‐modulated memory encoding and retrieval in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bast Nico , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Bowler Dermot M. , Roessner Veit , Freitag Christine M. , Ring Melanie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecently, we have shown that pupil dilation during a recognition memory task can serve as an index of memory retrieval difficulties in autism. At the time of publication, we were unaware of specific data‐analysis methods that can be used to shed further light on the origins of such memory related pupil dilation. Specifically, by distinguishing “tonic” from “phasic” changes in pupil dilation and considering their temporal progression, it is possible to draw inferences about the functional integrity of a locus coeruleus—norepinephrine system (LC‐NE) that is known to play a key role in regulating memory encoding and retrieval processes. We therefore apply these analyses to our previously published eye‐tracking data of adults with ASD (N = 24) and neurotypical development (TD, N = 30) during the recognition memory task. In this re‐analysis, we related pupil dilation during encoding and retrieval to recognition accuracy in a per‐trial analysis of linear mixed models. In ASD, we replicated attenuated recognition accuracy, which was accompanied by attenuated pupil dilation during encoding and retrieval. Group differences in pupil dilation during retrieval occurred late during the trial (after 1.75 s) and indicated an altered top‐down processing like attenuated attribution of semantic salience in response to previously encoded stimuli. In addition, only in the ASD group were higher pupil dilation during encoding and lower pupil dilation during retrieval associated with decreased recognition accuracy. This supports altered modulation of memory encoding and retrieval in ASD, with LC‐NE phasic activity as promising underlying mechanism.Lay SummaryWe investigated the changes of pupil size during memory testing in autism spectrum disorder. Adults with ASD remembered fewer items correctly than neurotypical individuals (TD). This reduced memory was related to increased pupillary responses at study and decreased pupil dilation at test only for adults with ASD indicating a different modulation of memory by the locus coeruleus.
Development of versatile affinity‐based system for one step purification process: Case of Group A Streptococcus vaccine
Authors: Chevrel Anne , Candela Leo , Innocenti Elisa , Golibrzuch Carolin , Skudas Romas , Schwämmle Achim , Carrondo Manuel J. T. , Kitten Olivier , Nissum Mikkel , Silva Ricardo J. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAffinity capture is one of the most attractive strategies for simplifying downstream processing. Although it is a key mainstream approach for antibody purification, the same is not true for other biologics such as vaccines, mainly due to the lack of suitable affinity material. In this study, a novel custom affinity system is introduced permitting widespread adoption of affinity capture for the purification of biologics beyond antibodies. This is illustrated here by the development of a one‐step purification process of a mutant form of streptolysin O (SLO), a vaccine candidate against Streptococcus pyogenes infection. The system consists of the association of custom ligands based on the Nanofitin protein scaffold, with Eshmuno® industry‐grade chromatography medium. The Nanofitins were selected for their specificity to the target product. The newly developed affinity medium was used at different column sizes to monitor scalability from process development (1 ml) and robustness verification (5 ml) to pilot (133 ml) and technical (469 ml) runs. The single‐step affinity purification consistently delivered high purity product (above > 90%) and improved performances compared with the current three‐step process: reduced process time and footprint (3 to 1 step) and increased product yields (0.31 g vs. 0.04 g of SLO per kg of harvest broth). The custom affinity system herein described can potentially be applied to any biologic for which a specific Nanofitin is identified, thus establishing a platform with a strong impact on the manufacturing of vaccines and other biological targets.