bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Patient Associated With the Use of Contaminated Bone Matrix Graft in Spine Surgery
Authors: Cullen Grace D. , Tabaja Hussam , Ogbonna Chioma P. , Menze Anna K. , Escalante Patricio , Wilson John W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a rare and potentially fatal form of disseminated TB. Disseminated TB involving the central nervous system (CNS) may be seen in up to nearly a third of miliary TB cases. We describe a case of miliary TB with CNS involvement and suspected hepatobiliary involvement in an immunocompetent patient after an elective spine surgery. Given the patient's unusual presentation in the absence of risk factors for TB, diagnosis was delayed. We were later informed that the bone graft he received during spine surgery, FiberCel (“FiberCel”) Fiber Viable Bone Matrix (Aziyo Biologics, Inc, Richmond, Calif), was contaminated with TB. This patient is 1 of almost 2 dozens reported to be affected. This case represents a novel presentation of TB due to contaminated cadaveric bone allograft matrix implantation, with notable rapid dissemination and CNS involvement.
Impact of a Social Justice Course in Graduate Nursing Education
Authors: Crawford Daniel , Jacobson Diana , McCarthy Marianne 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Social justice and health equity are foundational concepts to the graduate-prepared nurse's role. However, the integration of these concepts into graduate nursing education has been unclear.

Purpose:
This study examined the impact of a newly created social justice course in a graduate nursing program.

Methods:
The impact of the Health Equity and Social Justice course on students' values and attitudes toward social justice was investigated through analysis of quantitative and qualitative data generated in the course.

Results:
Data were collected from 41 graduate nursing students. Findings demonstrated that students who completed the course had an increased endorsement of social justice values, goals, and behaviors. Students universally found the course to be transformational.

Conclusions:
A social justice course in graduate education can be transformational in shaping students' values and attitudes toward health equity and social justice.
Enhanced Recovery Protocol Enhances Postdischarge Recovery After Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Pan Christine , Hale Douglass , Heit Michael 
Published: February 2022

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2021;27:667–671)
ERAS (enhanced recovery after surgery) guidelines were published in the United States for multiple surgical specialties, including gynecology in 2016. Previous studies on ERAS have focused on the immediate perioperative period.
Sexual coercion in a natural mandrill population
Authors: Smit Nikolaos , Baniel Alice , Roura-Torres Berta , Amblard-Rambert Paul , Charpentier Marie J. E. , Huchard Elise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that sexual coercion is widespread. While some coercive strategies are conspicuous, such as forced copulation or sexual harassment, less is known about the ecology and evolution of intimidation, where repeated male aggression promotes future rather than immediate mating success with targeted females. Although known in humans, intimidation was recently reported in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and chacma baboons (Papio ursinus), where males are regularly violent against females. Here, we investigate the nature of male coercive strategies in wild mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), a primate living in large polygynandrous groups where severe male aggression towards females is rare and females can form coalitions against males. Yet, we found support for all three predictions of the sexual coercion hypothesis, namely that male aggression (1) specifically targets sexually receptive females, (2) inflicts costs to these females, and (3) increases male mating success in the long-term. These results hold true when considering only non-physical threats, or only severe aggression. Finally, we show that high-ranking females are most targeted by males, probably because of their higher reproductive performances, while high-ranking males are most coercive. These results indicate that sexual intimidation is widespread in sexually dimorphic and group-living mammals, and that males and females vary in their propensities to use, and to be exposed to sexual coercion, respectively.
Ethnic disparities in immunisation: analyses of zero-dose prevalence in 64 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Cata-Preta Bianca O , Santos Thiago M , Wendt Andrea , Hogan Daniel R , Mengistu Tewodaj , Barros Aluísio JD , Victora Cesar G 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recommend stratification of health indicators by ethnic group, yet there are few studies that have assessed if there are ethnic disparities in childhood immunisation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsWe identified 64 LMICs with standardized national surveys carried out since 2010, which provided information on ethnicity or a proxy variable and on vaccine coverage; 339 ethnic groups across the 64 countries were identified after excluding those with fewer than 50 children in the sample and countries with a single ethnic group. Lack of vaccination with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine – a proxy for no access to routine vaccination or ‘zero-dose’ status – was the outcome of interest. Differences among ethnic groups were assessed using a chi-squared test for heterogeneity. Additional analyses controlled for household wealth, maternal education and urban-rural residence.FindingsThe median gap between the highest and lowest zero-dose prevalence ethnic groups in all countries was equal to 10 percentage points (interquartile range 4-22; range 1 to 84) and the median ratio was 3.3 (interquartile range 1.8-6.7; range 1.1-30.4). In 35 of the 64 countries, there was significant heterogeneity in zero-dose prevalence among the ethnic groups. In most countries, adjustment for wealth, education and residence made little difference to the ethnic gaps, but in four countries (Angola, Benin, Nigeria, and Philippines) the high-low ethnic gap decreased by over 15 pp after adjustment. Children belonging to a majority group had 29% lower prevalence of zero-dose compared to the rest of the sample.InterpretationStatistically significant ethnic disparities in child immunisation were present in over half of the countries studied. Such inequalities have been seldom described in the published literature. Regular analyses of ethnic disparities are essential for monitoring trends, targeting resources and assessing the impact of health interventions to ensure zero-dose children are not left behind in the Sustainable Development Goals era.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Wellcome Trust, and Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva.
SARS-CoV-2 neutralization after mRNA vaccination and variant breakthrough infection
Authors: Gaebler Christian , DaSilva Justin , Bednarski Eva , Muecksch Frauke , Schmidt Fabian , Weisblum Yiska , Millard Katrina G. , Turroja Martina , Cho Alice , Wang Zijun , Caskey Marina , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Bieniasz Paul D. , Hatziioannou Theodora 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVaccination and infection by viral variants are shaping population immunity to SARS-CoV-21 and breakthrough infections of vaccinated or previously infected individuals have become common as variants evade preexisting immunity. Omicron (B.1.1.529) is highly resistant to plasma neutralizing antibodies elicited by infection with prior variants and the 2-dose mRNA vaccination regimens. However, vaccination after infection or a third mRNA vaccine dose elicit high levels of neutralizing antibodies that can also neutralize omicron to a degree2-4. We compared neutralizing antibody titers in 54 individuals that had received 2 or 3 doses of mRNA vaccines and had experienced breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The isoforms of pyruvate kinase act as nutrient sensors for the β-cell KATP channel
Authors: Foster Hannah R. , Ho Thuong , Potapenko Evgeniy , Sdao Sophia M. , Lewandowski Sophie L. , VanDeusen Halena R. , Davidson Shawn M. , Cardone Rebecca L. , Prentki Marc , Kibbey Richard G. , Merrins Matthew J. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYPyruvate kinase (PK) and the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle play key roles in nutrient-stimulated KATP channel closure and insulin secretion. To identify the PK isoforms involved, we generated mice lacking β-cell PKm1, PKm2, and mitochondrial PEP carboxykinase (PCK2) that generates mitochondrial PEP. Glucose metabolism generates both glycolytic and mitochondrially-derived PEP, which triggers KATP closure through local PKm1 and PKm2 signaling at the plasma membrane. Amino acids, which generate mitochondrial PEP without producing glycolytic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to allosterically activate PKm2, signal through PKm1 to raise ATP/ADP, close KATP channels, and stimulate insulin secretion. Raising cytosolic ATP/ADP with amino acids is insufficient to close KATP channels in the absence of PK activity or PCK2, indicating that KATP channels are regulated by mitochondrially-derived PEP that provides ATP via plasma membrane-associated PK, but not via mitochondrially-derived ATP. Following membrane depolarization, the PEP cycle is also involved in an “off-switch” that facilitates KATP channel reopening and Ca2+ extrusion, as shown by PK activation experiments and β-cell PCK2 deletion that prolonged Ca2+ oscillations and increased insulin secretion. In conclusion, the differential response of PKm1 and PKm2 to the glycolytic and mitochondrial sources of PEP influences the β-cell nutrient response, and controls the oscillatory cycle regulating insulin secretion.
Simultaneous therapeutic targeting of inflammation and virus ameliorates influenza pneumonia and protects from morbidity and mortality
Authors: Pandey Pratikshya , Al Rumaih Zahrah , Kels Ma. Junaliah Tuazon , Ng Esther , Rajendra KC , Malley Roslyn , Chaudhri Geeta , Karupiah Gunasegaran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPneumonia is a severe complication caused by inflammation of the lungs following infection with seasonal and pandemic strains of influenza A virus (IAV) that can result in lung pathology, respiratory failure and death. There is currently no treatment available for severe disease and pneumonia caused by IAV. Antivirals are available, but they are far from satisfactory if treatment is not initiated within 48 hours of symptoms onset. Influenza complications and mortality are often associated with high viral load and excessive lung inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore, we simultaneously targeted IAV with the antiviral drug oseltamivir and inflammation with the anti-inflammatory drug etanercept, targeting TNF after the onset of clinical signs to treat IAV pneumonia effectively. The combined treatment effectively reduced lung viral load, lung pathology, morbidity and mortality during respiratory IAV infection in mice, contemporaneous with significant downregulation of the inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, chemokines CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10 and dampened STAT3 activation. Consequently, combined therapy with oseltamivir and a STAT3 inhibitor also effectively reduced clinical disease and lung pathology. Combined treatment using either of the anti-inflammatory drugs and oseltamivir dampened an overlapping set of cytokines. Thus, combined therapy targeting a specific cytokine or cytokine signaling pathway plus an antiviral drug provides an effective treatment strategy for ameliorating IAV pneumonia. Effective treatment of IAV pneumonia required multiple doses of etanercept and a high dose of oseltamivir. This approach might apply to the treatment of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Significance StatementAntivirals against influenza A virus (IAV) are ineffective in treating pneumonia if administered 48 h after onset of disease symptoms. The host inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by IAV are responsible for lung pathology. We reasoned that targeting both virus and inflammation would be more effective in reducing lung pathology and pneumonia, morbidity and mortality. The simultaneous treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug targeting TNF or STAT3, combined with the anti-IAV antiviral drug, oseltamivir, significantly improved clinical disease, reduced lung viral load and pathology, and protected mice from severe pneumonia. The combined treatment suppressed multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine signaling pathways. Thus, after the onset of disease symptoms, both virus and inflammation must be targeted to treat IAV pneumonia effectively.
Tongue immune compartment analysis reveals spatial macrophage heterogeneity
Authors: Lyras Ekaterini Maria , Zimmermann Karin , Wagner Lisa Katharina , Dörr Dorothea , Fischer Cornelius , Jung Steffen , Yona Simon , Hovav Avi-Hai , Stenzel Werner , Dommerich Steffen , Conrad Thomas , Leutz Achim , Mildner Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe tongue is a unique muscular organ situated in the oral cavity where it is involved in taste sensation, mastication and articulation. As a barrier organ, which is constantly exposed to environmental pathogens, the tongue is expected to host an immune cell network ensuring local immune defence. However, the composition and the transcriptional landscape of the tongue immune system are currently not completely defined. Here we characterised the tissue-resident immune compartment of the murine tongue during development, health and disease, combining single cell RNA-sequencing with in situ immunophenotyping. We identified distinct local immune cell populations and described two specific subsets of tongue-resident macrophages occupying discrete anatomical niches. Cx3cr1+ macrophages were located specifically in the highly innervated lamina propria beneath the tongue epidermis and at times in close proximity to fungiform papillae. Folr2+ macrophages were detected in deeper muscular tissue. The two macrophage subsets originate from a common proliferative precursor during early postnatal development and responded differently to systemic LPS in vivo. Our description of the under-investigated tongue immune system sets a starting point to facilitate research on tongue immune-physiology and pathology including cancer and taste disorders.
InfoMuNet: Information-theory-based Functional Muscle Network Tracks Sensorimotor Integration Post-stroke
Authors: O’Keeffe Rory , Shirazi Seyed Yahya , Bilaloglu Seda , Jahed Shayan , Bighamian Ramin , Raghavan Preeti , Atashzar S. Farokh 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTSensory information is critical for motor coordination. However, understanding sensorimotor integration is complicated, especially in individuals with nervous system impairment. This research presents a novel functional biomarker, based on a nonlinear network graph of muscle connectivity, called InfoMuNet, to quantify the role of sensory information in motor performance. Thirty-two individuals with post-stroke hemiparesis performed a grasp-and-lift task while muscle activities were measured using eight surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors. Subjects performed the task with their affected hand before and after exposure to the sensory stimulation elicited by performing the task with the less-affected hand. For the first time, this work shows that InfoMuNet robustly quantifies functional muscle connectivity improvements in the affected hand after exposure of the less-affected side to sensory information. >90% of the subjects conformed with the improvement resulting from this sensory exposure. InfoMuNet also shows high sensitivity to tactile, kinesthetic, and visual input alterations at the subject level, highlighting the potential use in precision rehabilitation interventions.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent and -independent pathways mediate curcumin anti-aging effects
Authors: Brinkmann Vanessa , Romeo Margherita , Larigot Lucie , Hemmers Anne , Tschage Lisa , Kleinjohann Jennifer , Schiavi Alfonso , Steinwachs Swantje , Esser Charlotte , Menzel Ralph , Tagliabue Sara Giani , Bonati Laura , Cox Fiona , Ale-Agha Niloofar , Jakobs Philipp , Altschmied Joachim , Haendeler Judith , Coumoul Xavier , Ventura Natascia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose activity can be modulated by polyphenols such as curcumin. AhR and curcumin have evolutionarily conserved effects on aging. Here, we investigated whether and how the AhR mediates the anti-aging effects of curcumin across species. Using a combination ofin vivo, in vitro, andin silicoanalyses, we demonstrated that curcumin has AhR-dependent or -independent effects in a context-specific manner. We found that inCaenorhabditis elegans, AhR mediates curcumin-induced lifespan extension, most likely through a ligand-independent inhibitory mechanism related to its antioxidant activity. Curcumin also showed AhR-independent anti-aging activities such as protection against aggregation-prone proteins and oxidative stress inC. elegansand promotion of the migratory capacity of human primary endothelial cells. These AhR-independent effects are largely mediated by the Nrf2/SKN-1 pathway.Graphical Abstract
An automated pipeline for extracting histological stain area fraction for voxelwise quantitative MRI-histology comparisons
Authors: Kor Daniel Z.L. , Jbabdi Saad , Huszar Istvan N. , Mollink Jeroen , Tendler Benjamin C. , Foxley Sean , Wang Chaoyue , Scott Connor , Smart Adele , Ansorge Olaf , Pallebage-Gamarallage Menuka , Miller Karla L. , Howard Amy F.D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe acquisition of MRI and histology in the same post-mortem tissue sample enables direct correlation between MRI and histologically-derived parameters. However, there still lacks a standardised automated pipeline to process histology data, with most studies relying on heavy manual intervention. Here, we introduce an automated pipeline to extract a quantitative histological measure for staining density (stain area fraction) from multiple immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. The pipeline is designed to directly address key IHC artefacts related to tissue staining and slide digitisation. Here, the pipeline was applied to post-mortem human brain data from multiple subjects, relating MRI parameters (FA, MD, R2*, R1) to IHC slides stained for myelin, neurofilaments, microglia and activated microglia. Utilising high-quality MRI-histology coregistrations, we then performed whole-slide voxelwise comparisons (simple correlations, partial correlations and multiple regression analyses) between multimodal MRI- and IHC-derived parameters. The pipeline was found to be reproducible, robust to artefacts and generalisable across multiple IHC stains. Our partial correlation results suggest that some simple MRI-SAF correlations should be interpreted with caution, due to the co-localisation of certain tissue features (e.g. myelin and neurofilaments). Further, we find activated microglia to consistently be the strongest predictor of DTI FA, which may suggest sensitivity of diffusion MRI to neuroinflammation. Taken together, these results show the utility of this approach in carefully curating IHC data and performing multimodal analyses to better understand microstructural relationships with MRI.
Inferring cell motility in complex environments with incomplete tracking data
Authors: Bundgaard Nils , Harmel Christoph , Imle Andrea , Sid Ahmed Samy , Frey Benjamin , Starruß Jörn , Fackler Oliver T. , Graw Frederik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCell motility has important influence on cell interactions and functionality for various biological aspects. Deciphering these dynamics often relies on live-cell microscopy measurements, which partly have to deal with limitations that could impair a reliable quantification of their motility. Especially given complex environments and tissue structures, limited observation periods, cells moving in and out of focus and impaired calibration of observation axes often lead to loss of cell tracks and insufficient tracking of motility within several dimensions. However, a reliable quantification of cell motility dynamics is essential when aiming at extrapolating the observed dynamics in order to understand cell population dynamics at larger temporal and spatial scales using appropriate simulation environments.To analyze how incomplete observations affect interpretation and parameterization of cell motility, we combined experimental observations with computational models. Studying individual cell dynamics within 3D collagen environments, we found that the gradual loss of cell tracks leads to an underestimation of several motility parameters with the effect dependent on the collagen density. By extending the automated fitting strategy FitMultiCell to account for cell track loss, we show that we are able to retrieve the actual cell dynamics and, thus, to reliably parameterize cell motility from such incomplete data. Applying our approach to the analysis of CD4+ T cells within 3D collagen environments that were infected with HIV-1, we could show that despite a considerable loss of cell tracks, the data still contained sufficient information to compare individual cell motilities by inferring and simulating their dynamics. Thereby, the analysis allowed us to disentangle the effect of HIV-1 infection and collagen density on individual cell motility. Our extended FitMultiCell-approach presented here provides a solution for the elimination of artifacts from cell track data analysis to robustly infer cell motility dynamics.
Rhamnan Sulfate Reduces Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Vascular Inflammation
Authors: Patil Nikita P. , Gómez-Hernández Almudena , Zhang Fuming , Cancel Limary , Feng Xu , Yan Lufeng , Xia Ke , Takematsu Eri , Yang Emily Y. , Le Victoria , Fisher Megan E. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Agueda , Garcia-Monzon Carmelo , Tunnell James , Tarbell John , Linhardt Robert J. , Baker Aaron B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveWhile lipid-lowering drugs have become a mainstay of clinical therapy these treatments only slow the progression of the disease and can have side effects. Thus, new treatment options are needed to supplement the effects of lipid lowering therapy for treating atherosclerosis. We examined the use of an inexpensive and widely available marine polysaccharide rhamnan sulfate as an oral therapeutic for limiting vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.Methods and ResultsWe found rhamnan sulfate enhanced the barrier function of endothelial cells, preventing the deposition of LDL and maintaining barrier function even in the presence of glycocalyx-degrading enzymes. Rhamnan sulfate was also found to bind directly to FGF-2, PDGF-BB and NF-κB subunits with high affinity. In addition, rhamnan sulfate was a potent inhibitor of NF-κB pathway activation in endothelial cells by TNF-α. We treated ApoE-/- mice with a high fat diet for 4 weeks and then an addition 9 weeks of high fat diet with or without rhamnan sulfate. Rhamnan sulfate reduced vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in both sexes of ApoE-/- mice but had a stronger therapeutic effect in female mice. Oral consumption of rhamnan sulfate induced a significant decrease in cholesterol plasma levels in female mice but not in male mice.ConclusionsRhamnan sulfate has beneficial effects in reducing inflammation, binding growth factors and NF-κB, enhancing endothelial barrier function and reducing atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice.