bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive seismic sensors based on microwave frequency fiber interferometry in commercially deployed cables
Authors: Bogris Adonis , Nikas Thomas , Simos Christos , Simos Iraklis , Lentas Konstantinos , Melis Νikolaos S. , Fichtner Andreas , Bowden Daniel , Smolinski Krystyna , Mesaritakis Charis , Chochliouros Ioannis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of fiber infrastructures for environmental sensing is attracting global interest, as optical fibers emerge as low cost and easily accessible platforms exhibiting a large terrestrial deployment. Moreover, optical fiber networks offer the unique advantage of providing observations of submarine areas, where the sparse existence of permanent seismic instrumentation due to cost and difficulties in deployment limits the availability of high-resolution subsea information on natural hazards in both time and space. The use of optical techniques that leverage pre-existing fiber infrastructure can efficiently provide higher resolution coverage and pave the way for the identification of the detailed structure of the Earth especially on seismogenic submarine faults. The prevailing optical technique for use in earthquake detection and structural analysis is distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) which offers high spatial resolution and sensitivity, however is limited in range (< 100 km). In this work, we present a novel technique which relies on the dissemination of a stable microwave frequency along optical fibers in a closed loop configuration, thereby forming an interferometer that is sensitive to deformation. We call the proposed technique Microwave Frequency Fiber Interferometer (MFFI) and demonstrate its sensitivity to deformation induced by moderate-to-large earthquakes from either local or regional epicenters. MFFI signals are compared to signals recorded by accelerometers of the National Observatory of Athens, Institute of Geodynamics National Seismic Network and by a commercially available DAS interrogator operating in parallel at the same location. Remarkable agreement in dynamical behavior and strain rate estimation is achieved and demonstrated. Thus, MFFI emerges as a novel technique in the field of fiber seismometers offering critical advantages with respect to implementation cost, maximum range and simplicity.
Clinical utility of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent in patients with heart failure
Authors: Tahara Saki , Naito Yoshiro , Okuno Keisuke , Yasumura Seiki , Horimatsu Tetsuo , Ohno Junichi , Sunayama Isamu , Matsumoto Yuki , Manabe Eri , Masai Kumiko , Azuma Kohei , Nishimura Koichi , Min Kyung-Duk , Goda Akiko , Asakura Masanori , Ishihara Masaharu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnemia and iron deficiency (ID) are common in patients with heart failure (HF) and intravenous (IV) administration of iron to patients hospitalized for decompensated HF with ID improves outcome. The diagnosis of ID in routine practice is based on serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) but both have limitations; alternatives should be considered. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) reflects iron content in reticulocytes but its clinical utility in patients with HF remains uncertain. We prospectively enrolled 142 patients hospitalized for decompensated HF. Sixty five percent had ID as defined in current international guidelines. Ret-He was directly correlated with serum iron and ferritin concentrations and with TSAT. There was a poor relationship between quartile of Ret-He and HF hospitalization or death but increases or decreases in Ret-He between admission and discharge were associated with a worse outcome. The clinical utility of Ret-He for identifying ID and predicting response to IV iron and prognosis for patients with HF requires further investigation.
LBS user location privacy protection scheme based on trajectory similarity
Authors: Qian Kun , Li Xiaohui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring the data set input or output, or the data set itself adds noise to enable data distortion to effectively reduce the risk of user privacy leakage. However, in the conventional method, the added noise may cause data distortion, thereby appealed against it. However, the amount of noise is too small and cannot meet the effect of privacy protection. Therefore, we propose a LBS user location privacy protection scheme based on trajectory similarity (DPTS). With double privacy protection without reducing the efficiency of algorithms, it does not cause data distortion to provide more reliable privacy protection. The main contributions of this article include: (1) In the process of collecting and publishing the location data, introduce into the privacy protection method, (2) The differential privacy algorithm based on the trajectory prefix tree is superimposed on the basis of the false position replacement algorithm based on the trajectory similarity, (3) Propose LBS-based Difference Privacy Protection Algorithm. In the algorithm, We reach the purpose of protecting user personal privacy by replace the original trajectory into a fake track trace that is the lowest degree of similarity in the interval. Then establish a prefix tree and add noise to the positional frequency. It is in order to further protect the sensitive location information, double protection in the trajectory data set, and the degree of privacy protection is improved. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is effective. The algorithm can suppress the distortion rate of data while improving the amount of noise, and in improving the algorithm operation efficiency, it reduces the risk of leakage of sensitive position information.
Fine mapping of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections in sub-districts of Makenene in Centre Region of Cameroun
Authors: Kamdem Cyrille Nguemnang , Tiofack Auvaker Arnol Zebaze , Mewamba Estelle Mezajou , Tchounkeu Esthelline Yangea , Tatang Joël Rostand Atiokeng , Mengoue Edmond Loic Tekeu , Mbagnia Carole Mureille Tchami , Fogue Pythagore Soubgwi , Womeni Hilaire Macaire , Simo Gustave 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPreventive chemotherapy (PC) that remains the main control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization to achieve the elimination of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections as a public health problem must be strengthened by identifying the remaining transmission hot-spots for the deployment of appropriate control measures. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and infections intensities of soil-transmitted helminths and perform micro scale mapping in order to identify transmission hot-spots for targeted control operations. Stool samples were collected from 1775 children in ten primary schools of eight sub-districts of Makenene in Cameroon. Kato Katz technique was used to process and examine stool samples to detect the eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth species as well as the infection intensities was compared. Data visualizations in forms of maps were made using Quantum geographic information system (QGIS) software. The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was 4.8% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.8–5.9%: 3.0% (95% CI 2.2–3.9) for Ascaris lumbricoides, 1.4% (95% CI 0.9–2.0) for Trichuris trichiura and 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.4) for hookworms. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth species differ significantly between schools and sub-districts. The intensity of infections was light (2.4%, 1.1% and 0.8%), moderate (0.4%, 0.1% and 0.1%) and heavy (0.2%, 0.2% and 0%) for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm respectively. The mean intensity of infections was 7255 EPG for A. lumbricoides, 2900 EPG for T. trichiura and 298 EPG for hookworm. Between schools, significant difference was recorded in the means of infection intensities of T. Trichiura and hookworms but not for A. lumbricoides. This difference was also significant for T. Trichiura when comparison were between sex. No significant difference were recorded when the comparison were between age. Fine mapping revealed that children harbouring heavy infections were clustered in the same sub-districts; highlighting the presence of high endemicity sub-districts and hot-spots for the transmission of different soil-transmitted helminth species. This study showed a diversity in the prevalence and transmission of different soil-transmitted helminth species. It also hightlighted the need for micro scale mapping to enable the localisation of high endemicity sub-districts and transmission hot-spot sites where targeted control operations must be deployed to achieve STH elimination.
Network pharmacology combined with pharmacodynamics revealed the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Tanreqing capsule against acute-exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Han Xiao-Xiao , Tian Yan-Ge , Liu Xue-Fang , Zhao Di , Du Xue-Hang , Dong Hao-Ran , Feng Su-Xiang , Li Jian-Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcute-exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is mainly associated with acute respiratory tract infection. In recent years, a growing number of studies have found that Tanreqing capsule (TRQ) has a favorable anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we used network pharmacology and pharmacodynamics to explore the molecular mechanism and effects of TRQ in AECOPD treatment. To further understand the molecular mechanism of TRQ in AECOPD treatment, we used the network pharmacology to predict components of TRQ, TRQ-related targets, AECOPD-related targets, and pathways. In addition, we used the cigarette-smoke/lipopolysaccharide -induced AECOPD experimental model in Sprague–Dawley rats (72 rats randomly divided into six groups [n = 12 each]: control, model, high-TRQ [TRQ-H], medium-TRQ [TRQ-M], low-TRQ, and dexamethasone [Dex]) to evaluate the therapeutic effects of TRQ and to verify the network pharmacology. We found that 59 overlapping targets based on component-and AECOPD-related targets were frequently involved in the advanced glycation end product–receptor for advanced glycation end product signaling pathway in diabetic complications, the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathway, and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, which might play important roles in the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TRQ in AECOPD treatment. Moreover, TRQ groups exerted protective effects against AECOPD by reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Meanwhile, TRQ-M and TRQ-H groups significantly downregulated or upregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein, IL10, and serum amyloid A, as key targets in network pharmacology, in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to achieve anti-inflammatory efficacy. Our study showed that TRQ had better anti-inflammatory efficacy against AECOPD, and initially elucidated its molecular mechanism. Moreover, our study also provides a new strategy to explore effective mechanism of TRQ against AECOPD; and further studies are needed to validate the biological processes and pathways of TRQ against AECOPD.
Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization based on solitons
Authors: Fallahi Saeed , Taghadosi Mohamadreza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel variant of the quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the quantum concept of particle-like solitons as the most common solutions of the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Soliton adaptation in external potentials is one of their most remarkable features which allows them to be stabilized even without a trapping potential, while the potential must be bounded for quantum particles to be localized. So we consider the motion scenario of the present algorithm based on the corresponding probability density function of quantum solitons. To evaluate the efficiency, we examine the proposed algorithm over a set of known benchmark functions, including a selection of test functions with different modalities and dimensions. Moreover, to achieve a more comprehensive conclusion about the performance, we compare it with the results obtained by particle swarm optimization (PSO), standard quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization QPSO, improved sine cosine Algorithm (ISCA), and JAYA optimization algorithm. The numerical experiments reveal that the proposed algorithm is an effective approach to solving optimization problems that provides promising results in terms of better global search capability, high accuracy, and faster convergence rate.
Mortality of septic knee arthritis in Korea: risk factors analysis of a large national database
Authors: Choi Ho-Jun , Yoon Han-Kook , Oh Hyun-Cheol , Hong Jung-Hwa , Choi Taeyun , Park Sang-Hoon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the risk factors for mortality of septic knee arthritis in Korea through a large nationwide data research. The National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening database was used to analyze 89,120 hospitalizations for septic knee arthritis between 2005 and 2018. In-hospital, thirty-day, and ninety-day mortality, and their association with patient’s demographic factors, various comorbidities (i.e., cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, and myocardial infarction) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were assessed. Secondary outcomes of complications (osteomyelitis, knee arthroplasty, recurrence) were analyzed. The number of hospitalization with septic knee arthritis increased from 1847 cases in 2005 to 8749 cases in 2018. There was no significant difference in mortality after diagnosis of septic knee arthritis between years. The risk of mortality in patients who hospitalized with septic knee arthritis increased in comorbidities like Congestive heart failure, dementia, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease. Hazard ratio (HR) decreased in patients who have comorbidities such as rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease, rheumatologic disease. HR for mortality in septic knee arthritis increased in patients with CCI more than 1. The risk factors for mortality in all periods were male sex, old age, high CCI, comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, dementia, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease. Efforts to reduce mortality should be concentrate more on patients with these risk factors.
Closing of the astrotail
Authors: Czechowski A. , Grygorczuk J. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The structure of astrospheres depends on the interaction between the host star and the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). Observations of astrospheres offer new opportunities to learn about the details of this interaction.
Aims. The aim of this work is to study the global structure of astrospheres, concentrating on the case of strong interstellar magnetic field and low relative velocity between the star and the ISM.
Methods. We used a simple magnetohydrodynamical numerical code to simulate the interaction between the stellar wind and the ISM, using different assumptions about the interstellar magnetic field strength, the velocity of the star, and the parameters of the interstellar medium. From the resulting time-stationary solutions, we derived the mass flux distribution of the stellar plasma inside the astrosphere, with particular attention to the flow topology.
Results. We find that the tube-like topology of the astrosphere can occur for an interstellar magnetic field strength of 7 µG (a realistic value in the Galactic disk region), provided that the velocity of the star relative to the ISM is low enough (0.5 km s−1 ). The two-stream structure of the stellar wind mass flow appears to some extent in all our models.
The Galactic population of canonical pulsars
Authors: Dirson Ludmilla , Pétri Jérôme , Mitra Dipanjan 
Published: August 2022

Context. Current wisdom suggests that the observed population of neutron stars are manifestations of their birth scenarios and their thermal and magnetic field evolution. Neutron stars can be observed at various wavebands as pulsars, and radio pulsars represent by far the largest population of neutron stars.
Aims. In this paper, we aim to constrain the observed population of the canonical neutron star period, its magnetic field, and its spatial distribution at birth in order to understand the radio and high-energy emission processes in a pulsar magnetosphere. For this purpose we design a population synthesis method, self-consistently taking into account the secular evolution of a force-free magnetosphere and the magnetic field decay.
Methods. We generated a population of pulsars and evolved them from their birth to the present time, using the force-free approximation. We assumed a given initial distribution for the spin period, surface magnetic field, and spatial Galactic location. Radio emission properties were accounted for by the polar cap geometry, whereas the gamma-ray emission was assumed to be produced within the striped wind model.
Results. We find that a decaying magnetic field gives better agreement with observations compared to a constant magnetic field model. Starting from an initial mean magnetic field strength of B = 2.5 × 108 T with a characteristic decay timescale of 4.6 × 105 yr, a neutron star birth rate of 1/70 yr and a mean initial spin period of 60 ms, we find that the force-free model satisfactorily reproduces the distribution of pulsars in the P−Ṗ diagram with simulated populations of radio-loud, radio-only, and radio quiet gamma-ray pulsars similar to the observed populations.
Stand der Technik in der Radiopharmazie
Authors: Wurzer Alexander , Nekolla Stephan G. , D’Alessandria Calogero 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie wachsende Zahl potenzieller Radioisotope und die steigende Nachfrage nach Radiopharmazeutika (RP) für Bildgebung- und Therapiezwecke haben dazu geführt, dass ihre biomedizinische Anwendung im modernen Gesundheitswesen immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt. Die nuklearmedizinische Technologie wird heute als ein wesentliches Instrument für Diagnose, Palliation, Therapie und theranostische Anwendungen angesehen. Die damit verbundene Produktion unter Einhaltung der guten Herstellungspraxis (GMP) und Fragen der Strahlensicherheit müssen in Form von angemessenen Regulierungsmaßnahmen hervorgehoben werden, um ihren sicheren und wirksamen Einsatz zu gewährleisten. Die RP ziehen aufgrund ihrer pharmazeutischen und radioaktiven Bestandteile die Aufmerksamkeit sowohl der pharmazeutischen als auch der gesundheitstechnischer Aufsichtsbehörden auf sich. Diese Arbeit gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die RP und die jüngsten Studien zur diagnostischen, therapeutischen und theranostischen Anwendung. Die vorliegende Arbeit erörtert die Bedeutung von RP im aktuellen Gesundheitsbereich, ihre jüngsten Anwendungen und bemüht sich, die Bedeutung eines harmonisierten Regelwerkes hervorzuheben.
Complication Management and Prevention in Vascular and non-vascular Interventions
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Wilms Lena Marie , Ivan Vivien Lorena , Vach Marius , Loberg Christina , Ziayee Farid , Kirchner Julian , Schimmöller Lars , Antoch Gerald , Minko Peter 
Published: August 2022

Purpose This overview summarizes key points of complication management in vascular and non-vascular interventions, particularly focusing on complication prevention and practiced safety culture. Flowcharts for intervention planning and implementation are outlined, and recording systems and conferences are explained in the context of failure analysis. In addition, troubleshooting by interventionalists on patient cases is presented.
Material and Methods The patient cases presented are derived from our institute. Literature was researched on PubMed.
Results Checklists, structured intervention planning, standard operating procedures, and opportunities for error and complication discussion are important elements of complication management and essential for a practiced safety culture.
Conclusion A systematic troubleshooting and a practiced safety culture contribute significantly to patient safety. Primarily, a rational and thorough error analysis is important for quality improvement.
Key Points:

Citation Format
Tuberkulose bei Kindern und Jugendlichen unter Therapie mit TNF-α-Inhibitoren
Authors: Feiterna-Sperling Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAufgrund des erhöhten Risikos einer Tuberkulose beim Einsatz von Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor (TNF)-α-Inhibitoren in der Therapie der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis und anderer chronisch-entzündlicher Erkrankungen soll bei allen Kindern und Jugendlichen vor Beginn einer Therapie mit TNF-α-Inhibitoren eine Tuberkulose ausgeschlossen werden und ein Screening auf das Vorliegen einer latenten tuberkulösen Infektion erfolgen. Das Screening beinhaltet eine sorgfältige Anamnese, die Durchführung eines Interferon-Gamma-Release-Assays und/oder Tuberkulin-Hauttests sowie eine Röntgen-Thorax-Aufnahme bei einem positiven Testresultat und/oder klinischem Hinweis auf eine Tuberkulose. Eine präventive Therapie der latenten tuberkulösen Infektion soll mit Isoniazid und Rifampicin über 3 Monate oder alternativ mit Isoniazid für 9 Monate durchgeführt werden.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): ähnlich und doch ganz anders als das Kawasaki-Syndrom
Authors: Kieser Patricia , Schell Miriam 
Published: August 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Zeitraum vom 10. November 2020 bis zum 26. Dezember 2021 wurden im Katholischen Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift in Hamburg sechs Kinder mit MIS-C behandelt. Mögliche Differenzialdiagnosen wie das Kawasaki-Syndrom (KS), Toxisches Schocksyndrom sowie die Hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose konnten unter anderem durch den Nachweis einer positiven SARS-CoV-2-Serologie ausgeschlossen werden. Anders als beim KS sind Kinder mit MIS-C älter und fallen durch eine führende kardiale und abdominelle Symptomatik auf. Eine mit ventrikulärer Dysfunktion einhergehende Kreislaufinstabilität macht in der Regel eine intensivmedizinische Behandlung notwendig. Trotz des schweren Krankheitsverlaufs ist die MIS-C-Erkrankung unter adäquater Therapie (intravenöse Immunglobuline, Methylprednisolon, Azetylsalizylsäure sowie hämodynamischer Support) mit einer guten Prognose verbunden.
IMPORTANCE of PRETREATMENT 18F-FDG PET/CT TEXTURE ANALYSIS in PREDICTING EGFR and ALK MUTATION in PATIENTS with NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Authors: Agüloğlu Nurşin , Aksu Ayşegül , Akyol Murat , Katgı Nuran , Doksöz Tuğçe Çiftçi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation types is of great importance before treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Radiomics is a new strategy for noninvasively predicting the genetic status of cancer. We aimed to evaluate the predictive power of 18F-FDG PET/CT-based radiomic features for mutational status before treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to develop a predictive model based on radiomic features.
Methods Images of patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging with the diagnosis of NSCLC between January 2015 and July 2020 were evaluated using LIFEx software. The region of interest (ROI) of the primary tumor was established and volumetric and textural features were obtained. Clinical data and radiomic data were evaluated with machine learning (ML) algorithms to create a model.
Results For EGFR mutation prediction, the most successful machine learning algorithm obtained with GLZLM_GLNU and clinical data was Naive Bayes (AUC: 0.751, MCC: 0.347, acc: 71.4%). For ALK rearrangement prediction, the most successful machine learning algorithm obtained with GLCM_correlation, GLZLM_LZHGE and clinical data was evaluated as Naive Bayes (AUC: 0.682, MCC: 0.221, acc: 77.4%).
Conclusions In our study, we created prediction models based on radiomic analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT images. Tissue analysis with ML algorithms are non-invasive methods for predicting ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC, which may be useful for targeted therapy selection in a clinical setting.