bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hot Neptune WASP-166 b with ESPRESSO II: confirmation of atmospheric sodium
Authors: Seidel J V , Cegla H M , Doyle L , Lafarga M , Brogi M , Gandhi S , Anderson D R , Allart R , Buchschacher N , Lovis C , Sosnowska D 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The hot Neptune desert, a distinct lack of highly irradiated planets in the size range of Neptune, remains one of the most intriguing results of exoplanet population studies. A deeper understanding of the atmosphere of exoplanets sitting at the edge or even within the Neptune desert will allow us to better understand if planetary formation or evolution processes are at the origin of the desert. A detection of sodium in WASP-166 b was presented previously with tentative line broadening at the $3.4\, \sigma$ with the HARPS spectrograph. We update this result with two transits observed with the ESPRESSO spectrograph, confirming the detection in each night and the broadened character of the line. This result marks the first confirmed resolved sodium detection within the Neptune desert. In this work, we additionally highlight the importance of treating low-SNR spectral regions particularly where absorption lines of stellar sodium and planetary sodium overlap at mid transit – an important caveat for future observations of the system.
Unbiased integration of single cell transcriptome replicates
Authors: Loza Martin , Teraguchi Shunsuke , Standley Daron M , Diez Diego 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle cell transcriptomic approaches are becoming mainstream, with replicate experiments commonly performed with the same single cell technology. Methods that enable integration of these datasets by removing batch effects while preserving biological information are required for unbiased data interpretation. Here, we introduce Canek for this purpose. Canek leverages information from mutual nearest neighbor to combine local linear corrections with cell-specific non-linear corrections within a fuzzy logic framework. Using a combination of real and synthetic datasets, we show that Canek corrects batch effects while introducing the least amount of bias compared with competing methods. Canek is computationally efficient and can easily integrate thousands of single-cell transcriptomes from replicated experiments.
Environmental Factors for Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in a High-Risk Area of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Chen Yufeng , Chang Ellen T , Liu Qing , Cai Yonglin , Zhang Zhe , Chen Guomin , Huang Qi-Hong , Xie Shang-Hang , Cao Su-Mei , Jia Wei-Hua , Zheng Yuming , Li Yancheng , Lin Longde , Ernberg Ingemar , Huang Guangwu , Zeng Yi-Xin , Adami Hans-Olov , Ye Weimin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation from latent to lytic infection has been considered as a key step in nasopharyngeal carcinoma oncogenesis. However, epidemiological evidence regarding environmental risk factors for EBV reactivation on a population level remains largely lacking.

Methods
We enrolled 1916 randomly selected adults from the general population of Guangdong and Guangxi, China, from 2010 to 2014. Information on environmental factors was collected via a structured interview. Serum immunoglobulin A antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen and nuclear antigen 1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate EBV reactivation status. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of EBV reactivation with various environmental factors.

Results
No associations were observed between EBV reactivation and extensive environmental factors, including alcohol or tea drinking, a history of chronic ear/nose/throat diseases, use of medications or herbs, consumption of salted fish or preserved foods, oral hygiene, sibship structure, and various residential and occupational exposures. Only cigarette smoking was associated with EBV reactivation (current smokers vs never smokers; OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.02–1.83), with positive exposure-response trends with increasing intensity, duration, and pack-years of smoking.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous studies, we found an association between cigarette smoking and EBV reactivation. Other examined exposures were not associated with EBV reactivation. These null results could suggest either more complex interactions between exposures and EBV reactivation or a predominant role of host and/or viral genetic variation.
Introduction to the Symposium Issue on Reappraising Bureaucracy in the 21st Century
Authors: Stivers Camilla , DeHart-Davis Leisha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This essay introduces the special symposium issue Reappraising Bureaucracy in the 21st Century in Perspectives on Public Management and Governance. The symposium seeks to place Weberian bureaucracy in the context of contemporary public administration and evaluate its relevance to modern-day concerns.
Ableism in the Child Welfare System: Findings from a Qualitative Study
Authors: Albert Sasha M , Powell Robyn M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It is well established that parents with disabilities are likely to have adverse experiences within the U.S. child welfare system, including disproportionately high rates of involvement and termination of parental rights. However, no known studies have examined the child welfare system through the lens of ableism. This qualitative phenomenological study included interviews with 15 parents with disabilities, 15 child welfare workers, and 15 attorneys who represent parents. Interviews revealed four levels of ableism within the child welfare system: (1) internalized, (2) interpersonal, (3) institutional, and (4) structural. Participants described their own internalized ableism, offered examples of interpersonal prejudice against disabled parents in the child welfare system, and discussed the institutional practice of using parents’ disabilities as a reason to separate them from their children and deny them services and accommodations. Interviews with parents also revealed that ableism across the child welfare system and other institutions could make it more difficult for them to reunify with their children. At the same time, child welfare workers and attorneys noted that disabled parents are disadvantaged by federally mandated reunification timelines. Ameliorating ableism in the child welfare system requires interventions at each level.
Assessing the effect of case-based teaching compared with lecture-based teaching on students’ knowledge and perceptions in a senior undergraduate dairy cattle management course
Authors: Ferree Logan , Román-Muñiz Noa , Edwards-Callaway Lily , Buchan Tonya , Todd Jennifer , Cramer Catie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Animal science students need to apply the knowledge acquired during their degree program to real-life scenarios in future careers. Little to no research exists evaluating the effects of case-based (CB; material presented as a case study) and lecture-based (LB; material presented as a lecture) teaching in animal science in higher education. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of CB and LB teaching methods on student performance and to assess students’ attitudes toward CB and LB teaching methods in a senior dairy cattle management course. A cross-over study design was conducted over two course modules (1 = “calf health” and 2 = “lameness”) with a washout period of 2 wk. Students (n = 25) were randomly assigned to CB or to LB in module 1 and received the other method in module 2. Students completed a pre- and post-quiz in each module that consisted of 10 multiple-choice questions and 3 short-answer questions. Three separate linear mixed regression models were used to assess the effect of teaching method (CB or LB; predictor) on three different continuous outcomes for student performance: change (post-score − pre-score) in short-answer quiz scores, change in multiple-choice quiz scores, and the change in total quiz scores. Students completed an attitude assessment after each module that consisted of 8 Likert-scale statements and 2 free-response questions. Data were deidentified, and two researchers blinded to students’ CB or LB status analyzed free responses to identify themes. A logistic regression, which controlled for module and included student as a repeated measure, was used to determine if the proportion of students who agreed (outcome: yes/no) with each Likert-scale statement was different between CB and LB. There was a tendency for CB teaching methods to improve change in multiple-choice quiz scores (P = 0.06). The change in total quiz scores and the change in short-answer quiz scores did not differ between CB and LB groups (P &gt; 0.1). For the survey statements “I enjoyed the teaching method used in this module” and “I wish this teaching method was utilized in more of my classes,” more students in LB agreed than in CB (P &lt; 0.05). The themes preference, perceived benefits, and perceived drawbacks were mentioned in 80%, 44%, and 28% of CB comments, and in 84%, 40%, and 18% of LB comments, respectively, and suggest that students enjoy case studies but prefer to receive information via lecture first.
Tracheostomy Is Associated With a Decrease in Delirium and Sedation for Intubated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Morton Christopher , Pisani Margaret , Doyle Margaret , Puchalski Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome can experience prolonged periods of ventilation, high incidence of delirium, and require high amounts of sedation. Tracheostomy has been associated with earlier ventilator liberation, decreased sedation needs, and lower rates of delirium but optimal timing of tracheostomy remains unknown. Is tracheostomy associated with lower sedation requirements and lower incidence of delirium in patients with COVID-19 that are intubated?

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the first 32 patients at a large urban tertiary referral center that underwent tracheostomy for prolonged respiratory failure. We obtained Richmond Agitation Sedation-Scale scores and Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit data along with amount(s) and type(s) of sedating medications given, in the 7 days before and after tracheostomy. Proportion of days delirious and sedating medications were compared in the 7 days before and after tracheostomy.

Results:
There was a significant decrease in the amount of opioids and benzodiazepines in the 7-day period following tracheostomy. Opioid dosing decreased by 157.5 morphine equivalents (SD=339, P=0.01) and benzodiazepine dosing decreased by 18 mg lorazepam equivalents (SD=34, P=0.01). There was no significant difference in antipsychotic or other sedative-hyponotic drug doses. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of days of coma or delirium (mean decrease in proportion=0.16, SD=0.32, P=0.008) following tracheostomy.

Conclusion:
Tracheostomy was associated with a significant decrease amount of sedating medications and with a decrease in proportion of days delirious following tracheostomy.
Role of Derotation Suture in Bulbous Tip Correction in Asian Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kim Yeon Jun , Suh Man-Koon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
In bulbous tip correction, consideration should be given to the presence of cephalic malposition of lower lateral cartilage as well as volume reduction. Derotation suture is a suture technique for tip lengthening but may contribute to bulbous tip correction through the caudal reposition of lower lateral cartilage.
From 2016 to 2018, a total of 50 Asian patients underwent bulbous tip correction with derotation suture. The derotation suture was performed by suture the most convex part of lower lateral cartilage as a spanning suture to the caudal septum with caudal traction of the lateral crus. The chart and pre and postoperative photographs were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness and complication of the surgery.
In most (96%) patients, there was a significant improvement in tip bulbosity and supratip fullness. Complications included tip drooping (4%), nostril asymmetry (2%), and undercorrection (4%) and no pinching deformity occurred.
In correction of bulbous tip of Asians with cephalic malposition of lower lateral cartilage, derotation suture is a useful method to create an ideal shaped nasal tip.
CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.
Perceived Age and Attractiveness Using Facial Recognition Software in Rhinoplasty Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Khetpal Sumun , Peck Connor , Parsaei Yassmin , Duan Kaiti , Gowda Arvind U. , Pourtaheri Navid , Lopez Joseph , Steinbacher Derek 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Artificial intelligence (Al)-based analyses may serve as a more objective tool for measuring cosmetic improvements following aesthetic plastic surgery. This preliminary proof-of-concept study utilized a novel commercial facial recognition software to assess perceived changes in age and attractiveness among patients receiving rhinoplasty.
This study was a retrospective evaluation of three-dimensional photographs of patients who underwent rhinoplasty by the senior author (DS). Both pre- and post-operative (> 12-month follow-up) Vectra three-dimensional images (Canfield Scientific, Parsippany, NJ) were assessed using Haystack AI Software (Haystack AI, New York, NY). Facial attractiveness (score 1–10) and apparent age were predicted. A retrospective chart review of demographic variables was additionally performed. Paired t tests were used to compare age and attractiveness scores before and after surgery. Multivariate linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with age and attractiveness scores.
One hundred twenty-four patients receiving rhinoplasty met the study criteria (average age: 35.58). Overall, rhinoplasty was associated with increases in Al-rated attractiveness (+0.28, P = 0.03) and decreases in perceived age relative to the patient’s true age (−1.03 years, P = 0.03). Greater decreases in postoperative perceived age were achieved in patients who appeared older than their actual age preoperatively (P < 0.001).
Facial recognition software was successfully used to evaluate improvements in perceived age and attractiveness in patients undergoing aesthetic rhinoplasty. Patients were perceived by the software as younger and more attractive following rhinoplasty. Age reversal was greatest among patients who appeared much older than their actual age at the time of surgery.
Level of Evidence: IV
Crouzon Syndrome Anatomy, Usefulness of Vestibular Orientation
Authors: Pellerin Philippe , Vinchon Matthieu , Guerreschi Pierre , Anastassov Yuri , Zhang Zhi Yong , Tang Xiao Jun , Alonso Nivaldo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Spatial resolution of computerized tomographic scanner has reached a level to which accurate anatomic measurements could be done in. Three-dimensional accurate measurements require a reliable referential system. In craniology landmarks are usually selected in the skull base. For craniofacial malformation the classical landmarks are of no help so the authors have used the vestibular orientation to study a series of 50 Crouzon syndrome computerized tomographic scan and compare the results (shape, position, linear mensuration, volumes…) with 122 controls in unaffected patients. The authors have confirmed Crouzon description of a high level of polymorphism in phenotypes, the authors propose an organigram to understand the abnormal growth patterns in crouzon syndrome, which lead to such consequences. This polymorphism implies that the planning of surgical treatment should be tailored for each case.
Revision Operation of the Unsatisfactory Microtia Reconstruction With Autologous Costal Cartilage
Authors: Huang Tianyu , Sun Hengyun , Yang Qinghua , Zhao Yanyong , Pan Bo , He Leren , Lin Lin , Jiang Haiyue 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Revision operation of the unsatisfactory microtia reconstruction is 1 of the most difficult revision operations in plastic surgery. This study discussed the cases about revision operation of the unsatisfactory or failed ear reconstruction using autologous costal cartilage and residual.

Methods:
A prospectively maintained database of all consecutive patients who underwent secondary total ear reconstruction from 2013 to 2020 was reviewed. Demographic data and outcomes were assessed.

Results:
Thirty-six patients with microtia met the inclusion criteria. The age of the patients who underwent secondary reconstruction ranged 6 to 56 years. The follow-up duration was from 1 to 8 years. Primary reconstruction using costal cartilage was performed in 34 cases, and Medpor (porous high-density polyethylene) were used in 2 cases. All 36 cases were treated with costal cartilage as the revision. One-stage revision was performed in 27 cases, including scaffold covered by superficial temporal fascia flap in 9 cases, retroauricular fascia flap in 12 cases and superficial temporal plus retroauricular fascia flap in 5 cases. Nine cases were renovated with expanders by stages, of which 8 cases were covered by retroauricular fascia and 1 case was covered by expanded skin flap. Complications occurred in 2 cases, and 1 patient was not satisfied with the partial scaffold repair.

Conclusions:
The effect of revision operation of ear reconstruction with costal cartilage is satisfactory, and different methods of ear reconstruction are indicated in different operation conditions, and the revision surgery requires adequate preoperative evaluation.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
The Effect of The Blue-Violet Light Emitting Diode (Led) Irradiation on the Bleeding and Pain Following Tooth Extraction
Authors: Baqer Fatimah Fouad , Abdulrazaq Saif Saadedeen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Tooth extraction is one of the most common oral surgeries carried out daily in dental clinics. Bleeding and pain are considered common sequelae after tooth extraction, which are considered a major concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the irradiation on the extraction socket with a blue-violet light-emitting diode (LED) on the hemostasis and the pain.
The study was designed as a randomized prospective split-mouth clinical study in which 82 tooth extractions were performed on 31 patients who required bilaterally paired tooth extractions. The side impacted by LED radiation until the bleeding stopped was the study group (left side), whereas the other side where the bleeding stopped without intervention was the control group (right side). The duration of bleeding time was measured and compared. The pain level was assessed postoperatively using the numeric rating scale and total analgesic dosages.
Results indicate that in the study group there was a reduction in postextraction bleeding time as compared with the control group. The mean bleeding time was (26.71 seconds) and (291.95 seconds), respectively. It was statistically significant (P = 0.000). Regarding the effect of LEDs on pain, the result shows no difference in the pain level between the 2 groups, which means LEDs have a nonsignificant effect on pain.
The blue-violet LED reduces the bleeding time of the extracted socket after tooth extraction, and prevents postoperative oozing, but has no effect on the reduction of postoperative pain. LED therapy has no side effects.
Assessing Social Cognition in Older Adults
Authors: Lee Soyoung , Jia Yichen , Snitz Beth E. , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Ganguli Mary 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
In a population-based study of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), to validate the assessment of social cognition in older adults.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study of 902 adults aged 65+ with mean age 76.6 years (SD 8.06). We created a social cognition composite comprising standardized z scores on the Social Norms Questionnaire and the 10-item Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. We identified associated factors and compared sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve of social cognition, for MCI defined as Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)=0.5, to those of other cognitive domains. We calculated the impact of including social cognition on the proportion neuropsychologically classified as MCI.

Results:
Better social cognition was associated with younger age, female sex, higher education, better general cognition (mini-mental state examination), fewer depressive symptoms, and lower CDR. Adjusting for demographics, associations with mini-mental state examination, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and subjective cognitive complaints remained significant. The sensitivity and specificity of social cognition for CDR=0.5 were comparable to those of the traditional 5 cognitive domains. Including social cognition as a sixth domain of cognition resulted in a 5% increase in the proportion classified as MCI.

Conclusions:
Brief objective assessment of social cognition may enhance cognitive assessment of older adults.
Performing moderate to severe activity is safe and tolerable for healthy youth while wearing a cloth facemask
Authors: Marticorena Felipe Miguel , Barreto Gabriel , Guardieiro Natália Mendes , Esteves Gabriel P. , Oliveira Tamires Nunes , de Oliveira Luana Farias , de Sá Pinto Ana Lucia , Riani Luiz , do Prado Danilo Marcelo Leite , Saunders Bryan , Gualano Bruno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if wearing a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in healthy young individuals.MethodsIn a crossover design, 9 participants (sex, female/male: 6/3; age: 13±1 years; BMI: 18.4±2.1 kg/m2; sexual maturity rating, I/II/III/IV: 0/3/4/2; VO2peak: 44.5±5.5 mL/kg/min) underwent a progressive square-wave test at four intensities: (1) at 80% of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), (2) at VAT, and (3) at 40% between the VAT and V□O2peak wearing a triple-layered cloth facemask or not. These stages represented moderate, heavy, and very heavy domains and corresponded to 46±8%, 57±10% and 87±8% of V□O2peak. Participants then completed a final stage (severe) to exhaustion at a running speed equivalent to the maximum achieved during the cardio-respiratory exercise test (Peak). Physiological, metabolic, and perceptual measures were analysed.ResultsMask did not affect spirometry (forced vital capacity [FVC], peak expiratory flow [PEF1], forced expiratory volume [FEV]; all p > 0.27; Figure 1), respiratory (inspiratory capacity [IC], end-expiratory volume to functional vital capacity ratio [EELV/FVC], EELV, respiratory frequency [Rf], tidal volume [VT], Rf/VT, end-tidal carbo dioxide pressure [PetCO2], ventilatory equivalent and carbon dioxide ratio [VE/VCO2]; all p > 0.196), hemodynamic (heart rate [HR], systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP; DBP]; all p > 0.41), rated perceived exertion (RPE; p = 0.04) or metabolic measures (lactate; p = 0.78 Figure 2) at rest or at any exercise intensity. In both conditions, the same number of children (4 out of 9) were unable to finish the Peak stage, whereas one child did not complete exercise at the heavy domain while wearing no mask.ConclusionsThis study shows that performing moderate to severe activity is safe and tolerable for healthy youth while wearing a cloth facemask. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04887714