bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P08-14 The association of childhood commuting modes and physical activity in adult age
Authors: Kaseva Kaisa , Tammelin Tuija , Yang Xiaolin , Kulmala Janne , Hakonen Harto , Raitakari Olli , Salin Kasper 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Physically active lifestyle prevents and contributes to managing non-communicable diseases. Childhood physical activities have shown to associate with physically active lifestyle in adulthood. More research on which childhood physical activity modes associate with physical activity in later life is still needed. Within the present study, we examined how physically active commuting to school in childhood contributed to overall physical activity in adulhood.

Methods
The participants (N = 3596) were from the population-based, longitudinal Cardiovascular Risks in Young Finns Study. Questionnaires were used in assessing subjects' childhood (1980) and adulthood (2001-2018) physical activity. ActiGraph accelerometers were also applied in the adulthood measurements (2018-2020). The results were analyzed using logistic and linear regression models. Participants' age, sex, parents' educational background, parents' income level, childhood living area, participants' educational background, adulthood income level, and adulthood living area were adjusted for in the models.

Results
Based on the preliminary examinations, childhood commuting was not associated with self-reported commuting to work (2001-2018) or accelerometer-measured overall physical activity (2018-2020) in adulthood (p&gt;.05). Active commuting in childhood associated with increased self-reported leisure-time physical activity in the year 2001 (b=.38, p&gt;.001), 2007 (b=.35, p&gt;.001), and 2018 (b=.28, p=.012), but the association between childhood commuting and self-reported physical activity in the years 2001 and 2018 attenuated after adjusting for all covariates (p&gt;.05).

Conclusions
Physically active commuting in childhood (1980) was associated with higher levels of self-reported leisure-time physical activity in adulthood (2001-2018). The associations attenuated after adjusting for covariates excluding the one between active commuting and leisure-time physical activity assessed in 2007. Physically active commuting can be regarded as recommendable with respect to the development of physically active lifestyle, if supportive evidence for the causality between childhood commuting and leisure-time physical activity in adult age can be found. Future research should also focus on assessing whether active commuting in childhood contributes to adulthood activities parallel to active commuting in childhood.
P10-07 m-Health apps and health-promoting behavior: medical students' opinion
Authors: Leventi Nikoleta , Vodenitcharova Aleksandrina , Popova Kristina , Yanakieva Antoniya , Ivanova Kremena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The recent COVID-19 pandemic showed us that the use of digital health technologies could contribute and make health systems and services more effective. People worldwide use digital health solutions to protect their health and promote well-being. WHO recognizes digital health as key to realizing better access to health for people and an important part of the future of health. The aim of the survey is to study medical students attitude towards m-Health applications installed on their devices, assess their usage, and identify their relation to students sport habits. The research as well focused on medical students intention to apply m-Health apps into their clinical practice in order to improve the quality of services provided to patients.

Methods
In order to achieve the purpose of the study, an anonymous web based questionnaire was used among first year medical students in Medical University -Sofia in Bulgaria, and all the students participated voluntarily. Both the attitudes of the students towards m-Health application, and how sports habits are related with them were measured with closed questions. The study was conducted during January and February 2021. We used a descriptive statistical method to analyze the data.

Results
Completed questionnaires were received from 133 students. Although the majority of the students (67%) have a positive attitude towards m-Health applications, only half of them (47%) believe that m-Health applications have affected (better and much better) their health-promoting behavior. Data about the use of m-Health applications into their future clinical practice shows that medical students will recommend these applications to their patients (60%), but less than half of them (39%) feel confident with the protection of their patients' personal data.

Conclusions
The study was conducted to explore medical students' opinion about m-Health applications and the related health-promoting behavior. The results shows that although they are keen in using, and recommending m-Health applications, they still do not trust the treatment of the personal data. It is thus recommended that more efforts should be in the direction of m-Health applications trustworthiness development. Great acknowledge, and guidelines in this area are important to ensure the wider use of m-Health applications.
P10-08 Effectiveness of social media-based interventions for the promotion of physical activity: scoping review
Authors: Günther Liane , Schleberger Sarah , Pischke Claudia Ruth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
A global target of the WHO is to reduce physical inactivity in all adults and adolescents by approximately fifteen percent by 2030. Social media could have an impact in this effort because of its enormous reach, potentially addressing underserved populations in need for PA interventions. To date, characteristics and effectiveness of social media-based interventions for the promotion of PA are not well understood.
This scoping review provides a broad overview of existing social media-based interventions and systematically maps the evidence regarding their effectiveness for PA promotion and other health outcomes.

Methods
Scopus and Medline were searched for the terms ‘physical activity’, ‘social media’ and key social media platforms. Following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts for eligibility. Any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. All records referring to interventions delivered via any type of social media or at least incorporated one social media component of either pre-existing or study-specific platforms and addressed PA as primary outcome were included. Results were summarized following the objectives of this review. In addition, evidence on use, acceptability, and usability of interventions was mapped.

Results
In total, 12.321 publications were identified and 53 met the inclusion criteria. The use of Facebook was most prevalent in interventions to promote PA, followed by the incorporation of study-specific platforms alone or in combination with Facebook. Occasionally utilized applications included Twitter, Pokémon Go, and YouTube. More than one third of the studies revealed positive effects regarding the promotion of PA. Additional evidence emerged in this scoping review demonstrating that social media-based interventions have a positive impact on other physical dimensions of health (e.g. weight or blood pressure). Due to the great heterogeneity in the assessment of acceptability, use, and usability across the different publications, results cannot be pooled. However, the use of Facebook as a motivator for PA was rated positively across six of the included studies.

Conclusions
Social media seems to be a promising tool for increasing PA at the population level. Future studies should take the abundance of platforms into account and select social media interventions meeting the requirements, preferences, and needs of varying target populations.
Sexual Activity and Satisfaction in Older Adult Dyads: The Role of Perceptions of Aging
Authors: Skoblow Hanamori F , Drewelies Johanna , Proulx Christine M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study assessed the associations between perceptions of aging (POA) and sexual frequency and satisfaction in older adult dyads.Research Design and MethodsUsing dyadic data from up to 1,122 different-sex married and cohabiting couples ages 50–89 (Mmen = 66.63 [7.40]; Mwomen = 64.43 [7.27]), we estimated 2 actor-partner interdependence models. We first examined the association between men’s and women’s POA and each partner’s reports of frequency of partnered sexual activity (e.g., intercourse, oral sex, kissing, petting, and fondling). Then, we tested the link between POA and each partner’s sexual satisfaction.ResultsActor effects were detected in both models. Both men’s and women’s positive POA were associated with their own reports of more frequent sexual activity and greater satisfaction with their sex lives.Discussion and ImplicationsThese findings provide insight into how positive views on aging relate to older couples’ sexuality. Future research should consider how attitudes shape later-life sexuality over time.
Blood and intra-abdominal Candida spp. from a multicentre study conducted in Madrid using EUCAST: emergence of fluconazole resistance in Candida parapsilosis, low echinocandin resistance and absence of Candida auris
Authors: Díaz-García Judith , Gómez Ana , Machado Marina , Alcalá Luis , Reigadas Elena , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Pérez-Ayala Ana , Gómez-García De La Pedrosa Elia , González-Romo Fernando , Cuétara María Soledad , García-Esteban Coral , Quiles-Melero Inmaculada , Zurita Nelly Daniela , Muñoz-Algarra María , Durán-Valle María Teresa , Sánchez-García Aída , Muñoz Patricia , Escribano Pilar , Guinea Jesús ,   the CANDIMAD Study Group, Díaz-García Judith , Mesquida Aina , Gómez Ana , Machado Marina , Alcalá Luis , Reigadas Elena , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Muñoz Patricia , Escribano Pilar , Guinea Jesús , Pérez-Ayala Ana , Muñoz Rosaura Pérez , del Carmen Vera González María , Gómez-García De La Pedrosa Elia , Romo Fernando González , Merino-Amador Paloma , Cuétara María Soledad , Clemente Oscar Manuel Muñoz , Berenguer Víctor Antón , Sánchez-García Aída , García-Esteban Coral , Lobato Oscar Cuevas , Bernal Guadalupe , Zurita Nelly , Cobos Ainhoa Gutiérrez , Muñoz-Algarra María , Romero Isabel Sánchez , Quiles-Melero Inmaculada , Delgado Florinda San Juan , Durán-Valle María Teresa , Romero Yolanda Gil , Torres Arturo Manuel Fraile 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We prospectively monitored the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. from blood cultures and intra-abdominal samples in patients admitted to hospitals in the Madrid area.

Methods
Between 2019 and 2021, we prospectively collected incident isolates [one per species, patient and compartment (blood cultures versus intra-abdominal samples)] from patients admitted to any of 16 hospitals located in Madrid. We studied the antifungal susceptibilities to amphotericin B, triazoles, micafungin, anidulafungin and ibrexafungerp following the EUCAST E.Def 7.3.2 procedure.

Results
A total of 2107 Candida spp. isolates (1895 patients) from blood cultures (51.7%) and intra-abdominal samples were collected. Candida albicans, the Candida glabrata complex, the Candida parapsilosis complex, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei accounted for 96.9% of the isolates; in contrast, Candida auris was undetected. Fluconazole resistance in Candida spp. was higher in blood cultures than in intra-abdominal samples (9.1% versus 8.2%; P &gt; 0.05), especially for the C. parapsilosis complex (16.6% versus 3.6%, P &lt; 0.05), whereas echinocandin resistance tended to be lower in blood cultures (0.5% versus 1.0%; P &gt; 0.05). Resistance rates have risen, particularly for fluconazole in blood culture isolates, which increased sharply in 2021. Ibrexafungerp showed in vitro activity against most isolates. Species distributions and resistance rates varied among hospitals.

Conclusions
Whereas no C. auris isolates were detected, fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis isolates have been spreading across the region and this has pulled up the rate of fluconazole resistance. In contrast, the rate of echinocandin resistance continues to be low.
Dynamic prediction of work status for workers with occupational injuries: assessing the value of longitudinal observations
Authors: Ötleş Erkin , Seymour Jon , Wang Haozhu , Denton Brian T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Occupational injuries (OIs) cause an immense burden on the US population. Prediction models help focus resources on those at greatest risk of a delayed return to work (RTW). RTW depends on factors that develop over time; however, existing methods only utilize information collected at the time of injury. We investigate the performance benefits of dynamically estimating RTW, using longitudinal observations of diagnoses and treatments collected beyond the time of initial injury.

Materials and Methods
We characterize the difference in predictive performance between an approach that uses information collected at the time of initial injury (baseline model) and a proposed approach that uses longitudinal information collected over the course of the patient’s recovery period (proposed model). To control the comparison, both models use the same deep learning architecture and differ only in the information used. We utilize a large longitudinal observation dataset of OI claims and compare the performance of the two approaches in terms of daily prediction of future work state (working vs not working). The performance of these two approaches was assessed in terms of the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and expected calibration error (ECE).

Results
After subsampling and applying inclusion criteria, our final dataset covered 294 103 OIs, which were split evenly between train, development, and test datasets (1/3, 1/3, 1/3). In terms of discriminative performance on the test dataset, the proposed model had an AUROC of 0.728 (90% confidence interval: 0.723, 0.734) versus the baseline’s 0.591 (0.585, 0.598). The proposed model had an ECE of 0.004 (0.003, 0.005) versus the baseline’s 0.016 (0.009, 0.018).

Conclusion
The longitudinal approach outperforms current practice and shows potential for leveraging observational data to dynamically update predictions of RTW in the setting of OI. This approach may enable physicians and workers’ compensation programs to manage large populations of injured workers more effectively.
The Rise of the International Commercial Court: A Threat to the Rule of Law?
Authors: Alcolea Lucas Clover 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recent years have seen the meteoric rise of the concept of an ‘international commercial court’ in numerous jurisdictions: for example, Dubai established the Dubai International Finance Centre Courts in 2004, Qatar followed suit in 2009 and similar courts have been set up since in Singapore, Kazakhstan, China, Germany, France and the Netherlands. Much work has been done discussing the practicalities of such courts but little thought seems to have been given to the theoretical justification for, and theoretical problems posed by, such courts. In general, such courts are justified on the basis of party autonomy; however, it is not at all clear that party autonomy is the only, or even the main, consideration in international dispute resolution. States also have a clear interest in ensuring that disputes are decided in their jurisdiction to further the development and viability of their own legal system. Other theoretical issues which arise regarding such courts include whether justice is a commodity which can be bought and sold and the potential use of such courts to ‘whitewash’ the serious rule of law concerns that exist in the ordinary courts of certain jurisdictions.
Establishing the Need for Standardized Clinical Educator Training Programs for Medical Laboratory Professionals
Authors: Jator Eleanor K , Phillips Heather L , Latchem Shelley R , Catalano Timothy A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackroundThere is minimal, if any, training for clinical educators in medical laboratory professions. This leads to challenges with teaching, assessment and workload/training balance. Hence, the need for standardized clinical educator training.MethodA survey was developed, validated and deployed to medical laboratory professionals. Responses were analyzed using SPSS. Responses from two open-ended questions—is clinical educators’ training important and how is this training beneficial?—were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsMost participants indicated that clinical educator training is important (99.4%). However, 72.4% received no formal training prior to training student. Themes from the importance of training include: Equip clinical educators, body of knowledge, standardize training and quality of training. Themes that emerged from the benefits of clinical educators training involve Training content, logistics, professional behavior and technical skills.ConclusionClinical educators’ training is crucial and valuable. Standardized training on pedagogy and other success strategies are warranted for successful clinical experiences.
Antifungal prophylactic effectiveness and intrapulmonary concentrations of voriconazole versus posaconazole in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Ju Chunrong , Lian Qiaoyan , Chen Ao , Zhao Boxin , Zhou Shouning , Cai Yuhang , Xie Hui , Wei Li , Li Shiyue , He Jianxing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are one of the leading causes of death in lung transplant recipients. This study aimed to compare the antifungal prophylactic effectiveness, intrapulmonary and plasma levels of voriconazole with posaconazole in lung transplant recipients. This retrospective cohort study analyzed adult recipients who underwent lung transplantation between June 2017 and December 2020. Voriconazole oral tablets or posaconazole oral suspension was used for prophylaxis against posttransplant IFD. Drug concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma were measured by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The 182 recipients included 142 in the voriconazole group and 40 in the posaconazole group. The trough plasma levels were comparable between voriconazole and posaconazole (1.65 ± 0.09 vs. 1.69 ± 0.03 μg/ml, P = 0.55). However, the BALF levels were significantly higher for posaconazole than voriconazole (17.47 ± 11.51 vs. 0.56 ± 0.49 μg/ml, P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of breakthrough IFDs between the voriconazole and posaconazole groups (10.6% vs. 7.5%, P = 0.77). The intrapulmonary concentrations of posaconazole were significantly higher than voriconazole. The two agents had comparable antifungal prophylactic effectiveness.
A follow-up on intermediate-mass black hole candidates in the second LIGO–Virgo observing run with the Bayes Coherence Ratio
Authors: Vajpeyi Avi , Smith Rory , Thrane Eric , Ashton Gregory , Alford Thomas , Garza Sierra , Isi Maximiliano , Kanner Jonah , Massinger T J , Xiao Liting 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The detection of an intermediate-mass black hole population (102–106 M⊙) will provide clues to their formation environments (e.g. discs of active galactic nuclei, globular clusters) and illuminate a potential pathway to produce supermassive black holes. Ground-based gravitational-wave detectors are sensitive to mergers that can form intermediate-mass black holes weighing up to ∼450 M⊙. However, ground-based detector data contain numerous incoherent short duration noise transients that can mimic the gravitational-wave signals from merging intermediate-mass black holes, limiting the sensitivity of searches. Here, we follow-up on binary black hole merger candidates using a ranking statistic that measures the coherence or incoherence of triggers in multiple-detector data. We use this statistic to rank candidate events, initially identified by all-sky search pipelines, with lab-frame total masses ≳ 55 M⊙ using data from LIGO’s second observing run. Our analysis does not yield evidence for new intermediate-mass black holes. However, we find support for eight stellar-mass binary black holes not reported in the first LIGO–Virgo gravitational wave transient catalogue GWTC-1, seven of which have been previously reported by other catalogues.
Study of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic accretion flow around black holes
Authors: Mitra Samik , Maity Debaprasad , Dihingia Indu Kalpa , Das Santabrata 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a novel approach to study the global structure of steady, axisymmetric, advective, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) accretion flow around black holes in full general relativity (GR). Considering ideal MHD conditions and relativistic equation of state (REoS), we solve the governing equations to obtain all possible smooth global accretion solutions. We examine the dynamical and thermodynamical properties of accreting matter in terms of the flow parameters, namely energy (${\cal E}$), angular momentum (${\cal L}$), and local magnetic fields. For a vertically integrated GRMHD flow, we observe that toroidal component (bϕ) of the magnetic fields generally dominates over radial component (br) at the disc equatorial plane. This evidently suggests that toroidal magnetic field indeed plays important role in regulating the disc dynamics. We further notice that the disc remains mostly gas pressure (pgas) dominated (β = pgas/pmag &gt; 1, pmag refers magnetic pressure) except at the near horizon region, where magnetic fields become indispensable (β ∼ 1). We observe that Maxwell stress is developed that eventually yields angular momentum transport inside the disc. Towards this, we calculate the viscosity parameter (α) that appears to be radially varying. In addition, we examine the underlying scaling relation between α and β, which clearly distinguishes two domains coexisted along the radial extent of the disc. Finally, we discuss the utility of the present formalism in the realm of GRMHD simulation studies.
AGN-driven outflows and the formation of Lyα nebulae around high-z quasars
Authors: Costa Tiago , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Farina Emanuele P , Keating Laura C , Rosdahl Joakim , Kimm Taysun 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The detection of Lyα nebulae around z ≳ 6 quasars reveals extended gas reservoirs around the first rapidly growing supermassive black holes. Observations of z &gt; 6 quasars can be explained by cosmological models provided that the black holes by which they are powered evolve in rare, massive dark matter haloes. Whether these models also explain the observed extended Lyα emission remains an open question. We post-process a suite of cosmological, radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, targeting a quasar host halo at z &gt; 6 with the Lyα radiative transfer code Rascas. A combination of recombination radiation from photo-ionized hydrogen and emission from collisionally excited gas powers Lyα nebulae with a surface brightness profile in a close agreement with observations. We also find that, even on its own, resonant scattering of the Lyα line associated to the quasar’s broad-line region can also generate Lyα emission on $\sim 100 \, \rm kpc$ scales, resulting in comparable agreement with observed surface brightness profiles. Even if powered by a broad quasar Lyα line, Lyα nebulae have narrow line-widths $\lesssim 1000 \, \rm km \, s^{-1}$, consistent with observational constraints. Even if there is no quasar, we find that halo gas cooling produces a faint, extended Lyα glow. However, to explain the brightest Lyα nebulae, our simulations unambiguously require quasar-powered outflows to clear out the galactic nucleus and allow the Lyα flux to escape and still remain resonant with halo gas. The close match between observations and simulations with quasar outflows suggest that AGN feedback already operates before $z \, = \, 6$ and confirms that high-z quasars reside in massive haloes tracing overdensities.