bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of 2‐year outcomes for Hydrus or iStent inject microinvasive glaucoma surgery implants with cataract surgery
Authors: Holmes David P. , Clement Colin I. , Nguyen Vuong , Healey Paul R. , Lim Ridia , White Andrew , Yuen Joshua , Lawlor Mitchell 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo compare real‐world 24‐month outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with either iStent inject or Hydrus Microstent.MethodsAnalysis of data from the Fight Glaucoma Blindness (FGB) international registry. Anonymized data from 344 eyes with mild‐to‐moderate open‐angle glaucoma, normal‐tension glaucoma or ocular hypertension that underwent phacoemulsification combined with either iStent inject (224) or Hydrus Microstent (120) were included. Data were adjusted for baseline characteristics using linear regression and propensity score matching. The primary endpoint was a comparison of mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at 24 months.ResultsAt 24 months, there was no significant difference in IOP reduction between the two groups, consistent across all analyses. The matched cohort showed iStent inject achieved 3.1 mmHg reduction and Hydrus a 2.3 mmHg reduction (p = 0.530) and a mean medication reduction of 1.0 for iStent inject versus 0.5 for Hydrus (p = 0.081). 5.4% of eyes in the iStent inject group and 7.5% of eyes in the Hydrus group required subsequent procedures to improve IOP control within 24 months. Complications were rare with no significant differences between the groups.ConclusionsTwenty‐four‐month outcomes showed sustained IOP reduction with a good safety profile for both groups. There was no significant difference in IOP outcomes between the groups. There may be a small additional reduction in glaucoma medication usage following cataract surgery with iStent inject compared to Hydrus.
Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental implant surgery: A multicenter placebo‐controlled double‐blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Momand Palwasha , Becktor Jonas P. , Naimi‐Akbar Aron , Tobin Gunnar , Götrick Bengt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe growing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial medicines is a global issue and a direct threat to human health. Despite this, antibiotic prophylaxis is often still routinely used in dental implant surgery to prevent bacterial infection and early implant failure, despite unclear benefits. There is a lack of sufficient evidence to formulate clear clinical guidelines and therefore there is a need for well‐designed, large‐scale randomized controlled trials to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis.PurposeTo compare the effect of a presurgical antibiotic regimen with an identical placebo regimen in healthy or relatively healthy patients receiving dental implants.Materials and MethodsThe 474 patients participating in the study were recruited from seven clinics in southern Sweden. We randomized the patients into a test and a placebo group; the study was conducted double‐blinded. Preoperatively, the test group received 2 g of amoxicillin and the control group, identical placebo tablets. The primary outcome was implant failure; secondary outcomes were postoperative infections and adverse events. Patients were evaluated at two follow‐ups: at 7–14 days and at 3–6 months.ResultsPostoperative evaluations of the antibiotic (n = 238) and the placebo (n = 235) groups noted implant failures (antibiotic group: six patients, 2.5% and placebo group: seven patients, 3.0%) and postoperative infections (antibiotic group: two patients, 0.8% and placebo group: five patients, 2.1%). No patient reported any adverse events. Between‐group differences in implant failures and postoperative infections were nonsignificant.ConclusionAntibiotic prophylaxis in conjunction with implant placement is likely of small benefit and should thus be avoided in most cases, especially given the unabated growth in antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03412305.
Monolithic zirconia single tooth implant‐supported restorations with CAD/CAM titanium abutments in the posterior region: A 1‐year prospective case series study
Authors: Donker Vincent J. J. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Jensen‐Louwerse Charlotte , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the clinical, radiographic, and patient‐reported outcome measures, including the success of screw‐retained monolithic zirconia implant‐supported restorations with CAD/CAM titanium abutments in the posterior region during a 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsIn a prospective case series, 50 molar sites in the posterior region of 46 patients with a minimum age of 18 years and sufficient bone volume and anatomical conditions for placing an implant (≥8 mm) and an anatomical restoration were included. Parallel‐walled implants with a conical connection were inserted in a two‐stage surgical procedure. Implant uncovering and healing abutment placement occurred 12 weeks after insertion. Two weeks after mucosa healing, a screw‐retained monolithic zirconia restoration with a CAD/CAM titanium abutment was placed. Clinical, radiographic, and patient‐reported outcome measures were collected at baseline before implant placement and then during the 1 month and 1 year follow‐ups.ResultsAt the 1 year follow‐up, 49 restorations could be evaluated. The plaque accumulation, presence of calculus, bleeding tendency and peri‐implant inflammation indices were low, representing healthy peri‐implant conditions. The mean marginal bone level change between the 1 month and the 1 year follow‐up was −0.17 ± 0.46 mm. The mean patient satisfaction was high. The restoration success was, according to the modified USPHS criteria, 95.9%.ConclusionMonolithic zirconia implant‐supported restorations with CAD/CAM titanium abutments have very good clinical, radiographic and patient‐reported outcomes after 1 year in function.
Utilisation of tracheostomy in patients with COVID‐19 in England: Patient characteristics, timing and outcomes
Authors: Navaratnam Annakan V. , Gray William K. , Wall Josh , Takhar Arun , Day Jamie , Tatla Taranjit , Batchelor Anna , Swart Michael , Snowden Christopher , Marshall Andrew , Briggs Tim W. R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to characterise the use of tracheostomy procedures for all COVID‐19 critical care patients in England and to understand how patient factors and timing of tracheostomy affected outcomes.DesignA retrospective observational study using exploratory analysis of hospital administrative data.SettingAll 500 National Health Service hospitals in England.ParticipantsAll hospitalised COVID‐19 patients aged ≥18 years in England between 1 March and 31 October 2020 were included.Main outcomes and measuresThis was a retrospective exploratory analysis using the Hospital Episode Statistics administrative data set. Multilevel modelling was used to explore the relationship between demographic factors, comorbidity and use of tracheostomy and the association between tracheostomy use, tracheostomy timing and the outcomes.ResultsIn total, 2200 hospitalised COVID‐19 patients had a tracheostomy. Tracheostomy utilisation varied across the study period, peaking in April–June 2020. In multivariable modelling, for those admitted to critical care, tracheostomy was most common in those aged 40–79 years, in males and in people of Black and Asian ethnic groups and those with a history of cerebrovascular disease. In critical care patients, tracheostomy was associated with lower odds of mortality (OR: 0.514 [95% CI 0.443 to 0.596], but greater length of stay OR: 41.143 [95% CI 30.979 to 54.642]). In patients that survived, earlier timing of tracheostomy (≤14 days post admission to critical care) was significantly associated with shorter length of stay.ConclusionsTracheostomy is safe and advantageous for critical care COVID‐19 patients. Early tracheostomy may be associated with better outcomes, such as shorter length of stay, compared to late tracheostomy.
Targeting the immune system towards novel therapeutic avenues to fight brain aging and neurodegeneration
Authors: Peralta Ramos Javier María , Kviatcovsky Denise , Schwartz Michal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe incidence of age‐related dementia is growing with increased longevity, yet there are currently no disease‐modifying therapies for these devastating disorders. Studies over the last several years have led to an evolving awareness of the role of the immune system in supporting brain maintenance and repair, displaying a diverse repertoire of functions while orchestrating the crosstalk between the periphery and the brain. Here, we provide insights into the current understanding of therapeutic targets that could be adopted to modulate immune cell fate, either systemically or locally, to defeat brain aging and neurodegeneration.
Main olfactory bulb reconfiguration by prolonged passive olfactory experience correlates with increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and improved innate olfaction
Authors: Hernández‐Soto Rebeca , Pimentel‐Farfan Ana Karen , Adan‐Castro Elva , Clapp Carmen , Peña‐Ortega Fernando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe main olfactory bulb (MOB) is highly plastic and constantly reconfiguring its function and structure depending on sensory experience. Despite the extensive evidence of anatomical, functional and behavioural changes in the olfactory system induced by highly variable olfactory experiences, it is still unknown whether prolonged passive odour experience could reconfigure the MOB at its input and network activity levels and whether these changes impact innate olfaction. Here, by measuring odour‐induced glomerular activation, MOB network activity and innate olfactory behaviours, we described a profound MOB reconfiguration induced by prolonged passive olfactory experience in adult animals that impacts MOB input integration at the glomerular layer including an increase in the activated glomerular area and signal intensity, which is combined with a refinement in the number of activated glomeruli and less‐overlapped glomerular maps. We also found that prolonged passive olfactory experience dramatically changes MOB population activity in the presence and absence of odours, which is reflected as a decrease in slow oscillations (<12 Hz) and an increase in fast oscillations (>12 Hz). All these functional changes in awake and anaesthetized mice correlate with an increase in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and with improved innate olfactory responses such as habituation/dishabituation and innate preference/avoidance. Our study shows that prolonged passive olfactory experience in adult animals produces a dramatic reconfiguration of the MOB network, possibly driven by BDNF, that improves innate olfactory responses.
Effects of altitude on soil properties in coastal fog ecosystems in Morro Moreno National Park, Antofagasta, Chile
Authors: Fuentes Bárbara , Gómez Francisco , Valdez Catalina , Videla Anael , Castro‐Severyn Juan , Barahona Sergio , Bol Roland , Riquelme Rodrigo , Quispe Javier , Remonsellez Francisco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRare Pacific coast fog ecosystems are under threat from climate change and local factors. Although coastal fog is known to affect soil properties and microbial diversity, few studies on the Pacific coast have examined the specific microbiomes associated with these ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of coastal fog on the physicochemical, mineralogical, and microbiological properties of bare soils (vegetation‐free) and bulk soils (surrounding plant roots) from different altitudes in the Morro Moreno National Park (MMNP) in the Antofagasta region, Chile. We found that the temperature and relative humidity of the soil varied temporally (daily) and spatially (with altitude). We detected that soil organic matter and organic phosphorus content tended to increase with altitude, whereas the pH, electrical conductivity, and total phosphorus decreased. Our results showed that coastal fog could induce physical weathering below 300 masl and chemical weathering at the intermediate altitudes of ~400–600 masl. The biodiversity of bacteria and fungi increased considerably above 400 masl. Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the bacteria in bare soil, and Bacteroidetes dominated the bulk soil communities at all altitudes. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota dominated the fungal community in both soil types. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and CaO content appear to be more closely associated with microbial communities from lower altitudes. In addition, the organic carbon content, humidity, and weathering index 2 (WI2) isolated some communities at 500 and 600 masl. The microbiological diversity reported in this work reflects the variable and different microbial niches comprising the MMNP environment. Linkages between soil property and microbial variations with altitude within this Northern Chilean coastal fog ecosystem were elucidated. This novel scientific knowledge contributes to global network strategies for fog ecosystem conservation, which aim to preserve the microbial niches and diversity in such soils.Highlights
We studied physicochemical, mineralogical and microbiological properties in a fog ecosystem soils.
The study provides valuable information from rare and unique Pacific coast fog systems.
Soil properties and microbial diversity showed specific correlations, and dependence on altitude.
This baseline could contribute to the creation of conservation strategies of these unique ecosystems.
Is separate the new equal? A meta‐analytic review of correlates of intimate partner violence victimization for Black and White women in the United States
Authors: Kelly Lorin C. , Spencer Chelsea M. , Keilholtz Brooke , McAllister Paige , Stith Sandra M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBlack women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at higher rates than White women, and are more likely to experience more serious injuries, serious mental health diagnoses, or even death as consequences of IPV. Most research on factors associated with physical IPV does not primarily focus on Black women experiencing IPV. To be able to offer targeted intervention and prevention services, understanding unique correlates is critical. To address these discrepancies and better conceptualize factors associated with IPV for Black women, a meta‐analysis was conducted to examine correlates for male physical IPV perpetration/female IPV victimization among predominantly Black samples. Next, strengths of correlates for male IPV perpetration/female IPV victimization were compared between Black and White samples. From an original pool of 759 articles examining correlates for IPV perpetration and victimization, 21 articles were usable that had a sufficient percentage (at least 75%) of Black participants and 80 articles that had a sufficient percentage (at least 75%) of White participants. Five significant correlates for male perpetration and seven significant correlates for female victimization in predominantly Black samples were identified. Comparisons for male perpetration/female victimization between predominantly White and Black samples were conducted for nine correlates, and one‐third of these correlates (male emotional abuse perpetration, female post‐traumatic stress symptoms, and female alcohol use) were significantly stronger correlates in Black populations compared to White populations. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Behavioural and molecular characterisation of the Dlg2 haploinsufficiency rat model of genetic risk for psychiatric disorder
Authors: Waldron Sophie , Pass Rachel , Griesius Simonas , Mellor Jack R. , Robinson Emma S. J. , Thomas Kerrie L. , Wilkinson Lawrence S. , Humby Trevor , Hall Jeremy , Dwyer Dominic M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenetic studies implicate disruption to the DLG2 gene in copy number variants as increasing risk for schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. To investigate psychiatric endophenotypes associated with DLG2 haploinsufficiency (and concomitant PSD‐93 protein reduction) a novel clinically relevant Dlg2+/− rat was assessed for abnormalities in anxiety, sensorimotor gating, hedonic reactions, social behaviour, and locomotor response to the N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartic acid receptor antagonist phencyclidine. Dlg gene and protein expression were also investigated to assess model validity. Reductions in PSD‐93 messenger RNA and protein were observed in the absence of compensation by other related genes or proteins. Behaviourally Dlg2+/− rats show a potentiated locomotor response to phencyclidine, as is typical of psychotic disorder models, in the absence of deficits in the other behavioural phenotypes assessed here. This shows that the behavioural effects of Dlg2 haploinsufficiency may specifically relate to psychosis vulnerability but are subtle, and partially dissimilar to behavioural deficits previously reported in Dlg2+/− mouse models demonstrating issues surrounding the comparison of models with different aetiology and species. Intact performance on many of the behavioural domains assessed here, such as anxiety and reward processing, will remove these as confounds when continuing investigation into this model using more complex cognitive tasks.
Compound hydroclimatic extremes in a semi‐arid grassland: Drought, deluge, and the carbon cycle
Authors: Hoover David L. , Hajek Olivia L. , Smith Melinda D. , Wilkins Kate , Slette Ingrid J. , Knapp Alan K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events including droughts and large precipitation events or “deluges.” While many studies have focused on the ecological impacts of individual events (e.g., a heat wave), there is growing recognition that when extreme events co‐occur as compound extremes, (e.g., a heatwave during a drought), the additive effects on ecosystems are often greater than either extreme alone. In this study, we assessed a unique type of extreme—a contrasting compound extreme—where the extremes may have offsetting, rather than additive ecological effects, by examining how a deluge during a drought impacts productivity and carbon cycling in a semi‐arid grassland. The experiment consisted of four treatments: a control (average precipitation), an extreme drought (<5th percentile), an extreme drought interrupted by a single deluge (>95th percentile), or an extreme drought interrupted by the equivalent amount of precipitation added in several smaller events. We highlight three key results. First, extreme drought resulted in early senescence, reduced carbon uptake, and a decline in net primary productivity relative to the control treatment. Second, the deluge imposed during extreme drought stimulated carbon fluxes and plant growth well above the levels of both the control and the drought treatment with several additional smaller rainfall events, emphasizing the importance of precipitation amount, event size, and timing. Third, while the deluge's positive effects on carbon fluxes and plant growth persisted for 1 month, the deluge did not completely offset the negative effects of extreme drought on end‐of‐season productivity. Thus, in the case of these contrasting hydroclimatic extremes, a deluge during a drought can stimulate temporally dynamic ecosystem processes (e.g., net ecosystem exchange) while only partially compensating for reductions in ecosystem functions over longer time scales (e.g., aboveground net primary productivity).
Roles of the second messenger c‐di‐GMP in bacteria: Focusing on the topics of flagellar regulation and Vibrio spp.
Authors: Homma Michio , Kojima Seiji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTypical second messengers include cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP), and inositol phosphate. In bacteria, cyclic diguanylate (c‐di‐GMP), which is not used in animals, is widely used as a second messenger for environmental responses. Initially found as a regulator of cellulose synthesis, this small molecule is known to be widely present in bacteria. A wide variety of synthesis and degradation enzymes for c‐di‐GMP exist, and the activities of effector proteins are regulated by changing the cellular c‐di‐GMP concentration in response to the environment. It has been shown well that c‐di‐GMP plays an essential role in pathogenic cycle and is involved in flagellar motility in Vibrio cholerae. In this review, we aim to explain the direct or indirect regulatory mechanisms of c‐di‐GMP in bacteria, focusing on the study of c‐di‐GMP in Vibrio spp. and in flagella, which are our research subjects.
Health technology assessment for gene therapies in haemophilia
Authors: O'Hara Jamie , Neumann Peter J. ,   the International Haemophilia Access Strategy Council
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionGene therapies are poised to become a new therapeutic option for persons with haemophilia (PwH), having begun to show durable efficacy and safety in clinical trials to date. However, value assessment of gene therapies faces challenges from small populations that preclude randomized clinical trials (RCT), ethical considerations when treating a serious genetic disorder with lifelong consequences, and appropriate endpoint selection that captures the full scope of the disorder and its lifelong complications.SummaryHealth technology assessment (HTA) for new haemophilia therapies may require greater flexibility in evidence requirements and recognition of factors that vary across patient populations and health systems, including current standard‐of‐care, gains in survival and health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL), and reduced replacement factor utilization. It will be important for HTAs to consider limitations of RCTs for gene therapy and to consider intra‐patient data as evidence of clinical effectiveness. Despite long‐term clinical trials with up to 8 years of follow‐up, ongoing uncertainties about durability of effect may be informed by extrapolating clinical data out ∼10 years, using different projections of durability. Beyond objective endpoints, such as Petersson scores or annualized bleed rates, health utilities that accompany gene therapy (e.g., mental health, freedom of choice, peace of mind) should be considered in HTA evaluations, particularly for comparisons with low dose or no prophylaxis.ConclusionHTAs of gene therapies in haemophilia are encouraged to rise to the challenge of filling evidence gaps and conducting assessments.KEY POINTS OF CONSIDERATION
It is important for HTA bodies to consider the limitations to conduct randomized controlled trials for gene therapy and to consider intrapatient data as evidence of comparative effectiveness.
Given the uncertainties around the long‐term gene therapy use, clinical trial data should be extrapolated ∼10 years, using scenarios that consider different durations of effect.
The major value drivers in a model, in addition to drug pricing itself, will be based on assumptions about duration of effect and savings/cost offsets from reduced use of replacement therapy.
Assessment methodologies and modelling configurations need to evolve to fully capture the value of gene therapy, including patient meaningful outcomes, in a validated and quantitative fashion.
Regardless of payment system archetype, the intersection between NGOs, the clinical community's voice, HTA willingness to collaborate, and alignment with regulatory acceptance of benefit is critical.
[Correction added on 21 February 2022, after first online publication: the ‘Key Points of Consideration’ have been added in this version.]