bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutional Limitations
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes “due process,” a constitutional restriction on governmental actions, in the context of public health. It outlines the doctrines of procedural and substantive due process, including the legal tests that courts apply to decide whether individuals’ due process rights have been violated. It uses examples from Supreme Court cases that have defined due process in the context of public health, including those that struggle to define the scope of reproductive rights. It also examines two cases where public health principles were raised as a justification for governmental action: one about involuntary sterilization and one about Ebola. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the “state action doctrine” that defines which public health actors may be challenged on due process grounds.
Defending Lawsuits
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 20 explores the strategic reasons why entities may challenge public health laws, and uses the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company v. FDA case to walk through the steps of a legal challenge to a public health law. The chapter also identifies the attorneys involved in defending public health laws on behalf of local, state, and federal government entities and explains how legal technical assistance from public health organizations can support their efforts. Finally, the chapter defines the role of amicus curiae briefs and how they may effectively contribute to the defense of public health laws and regulations.
Scientific Evaluation in Transdisciplinary Public Health Research and Practice
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how public health law has evolved over time and introduces important legal processes. The chapter first describes evaluation of laws and policies through legal epidemiological principles. Then the chapter explores how to best evaluate laws and policies in order to test their effects, how they impact behavior, and whether or not they serve their purpose; the ultimate goal is to determine if the law is effectuating its purpose. Next, the chapter discusses legal mapping and policy surveillance: the process of mapping public health laws in an ongoing, systematic, scientific manner so that policymakers can catalogue laws between jurisdictions. The chapter closes with a summary of the five essential public health law services.
Normalizing Coercion
Authors: Lawrence Regina G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at “Is Police Brutality a Myth?” by media critic Jon Katz, which appeared in the July 1994 issue of New York magazine. This article examined what Katz called an increasingly familiar urban ritual and highlighted a survey of police officials which found that most people believed that news coverage of police brutality was sensationalized, unfair, and inaccurate. The chapter counters this argument by looking at decades of scholarly research which suggests that the news typically represents most faithfully the perspectives of officials and other elites. The chapter shows that the typical news story about use of force is brief, episodic, and structured around claims provided by police spokesmen and politicians. It demonstrates how the vast majority of incidents receiving any coverage at all disappear quickly from the news pages and are successfully contained by official communication strategies.
The Ohio State Constitution
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Ohio Constitution begins with a detailed essay on the history of the Ohio Constitution, including the prestatehood Northwest Ordinance and the 1802 Constitution, which resulted in Ohio’s admission as the seventeenth state in the union. Detailed attention is given to the state and national politics surrounding Ohio’s admission to the union, the consideration of African American rights, the emergence of a legislative-dominated state government, and Ohio’s 1807 impeachment/judicial review controversy. The political and economic events leading to Ohio’s 1851 Constitution, Ohio’s current constitution, are covered in depth. The chapters also review the work of the Progressive-era 1912 Constitutional Convention, which resulted in the adoption of thirty-four amendments, including the initiative/referendum and home rule. Finally, the chapters cover the use of the initiative to amend the constitution since 1913, the modern efforts to use commissions to revise the constitution, and the emergence of the new judicial federalism in Ohio. In addition to the historical essay, the book contains detailed commentaries on 220+ sections of the constitution, and each of the nineteen articles begins with a general discussion of the article.
Bill of Rights
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Article I contains the Ohio Bill of Rights, which is based largely on the Bill of Rights that had been in Article VIII of the 1802 Constitution. Article I, which has been amended only infrequently, includes all the rights from the Northwest Ordinance (Ordinance of 1787) and most of the rights that are in the federal Bill of Rights. This Article contains provisions addressing: equal protection and benefit, right to bear arms, religious freedom, slavery, search and seizure, cruel and unusual punishment, excessive fines, self-incrimination, double jeopardy, due process, health care, and takings. It also addresses the new judicial federalism and constitutional interpretation.
County and Township Organizations
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Article X, which addresses county and township organization, had its origins in the 1851 Ohio Constitution, but counties and townships existed in Ohio before statehood. The Northwest Ordinance referred to both in directing the territorial governor “to lay out the parts of the district in which the Indian titles shall have been extinguished, into counties and townships, subject, however, to such alterations as may thereafter be made by the legislature.” Unlike municipalities, counties and townships are agencies or administrative arms of the state and have no inherent powers independent of the General Assembly. The 1851 Article was a bare-bones article giving the General Assembly the power to create counties and townships but not defining their powers other than giving them “the power of local taxation for public purposes as may be prescribed by law.” In 1933, however, the voters approved a constitutional amendment, proposed by initiative petition, to restructure this article completely, to repeal all its existing sections, and to give counties (but not townships) the option of adopting home rule. Townships also have the option of adopting limited home rule, which was given to them by the General Assembly and not the constitution.
Amendments
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Article XVI contains two of the three ways the Ohio Constitution can be amended. Under this article, proposed constitutional amendments can be submitted to the voters by the General Assembly or by a constitutional convention, which may be called at any time by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly or by an affirmative vote on a mandatory statewide referendum every twenty years. The third way, by initiative petition, is described in Article II. The 1851 Constitution allowed the General Assembly to submit amendments directly to the voters, but until the 1912 amendments to this article, amendments proposed by the General Assembly (but not by conventions) had to be approved by a majority of all persons voting in the election rather than by a simple majority of those voting on the amendments.
Municipal Corporations
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Article XVIII, more popularly known as the “Home Rule Amendment,” was one of the highest priorities of the Progressives at the 1912 Convention. They wanted to give municipalities the power to govern themselves. In describing its importance, Herbert S. Bigelow, the president of the 1912 Constitutional Convention, stated that “[i]t is second only to the initiative and referendum in importance. Its adoption will bring a great, peaceful, and beneficent revolution. It will set the cities of Ohio free.” Before the adoption of this article, Ohio law treated municipalities as creatures of the state, and under the prevailing Dillon’s Rule municipalities could exercise only those powers delegated to them by the General Assembly. The three key purposes of the Home Rule Amendment were (1) to permit municipalities to frame charters to provide the type or form of organization for municipal business as it desires, (2) to reverse the presumption against the power of municipalities exercising power (the so-called Dillon’s Rule), and (3) to expressly empower municipalities to operate public utilities.
Congressional Redistricting
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Article XIX addresses congressional redistricting, which had been the responsibility of the General Assembly since the 1802 Constitution. In 2018, the voters approved an amendment to revise completely the process for drawing congressional district lines. Though continuing to rely in the first instance on the General Assembly, the new amendment included supermajority bipartisan voting requirements, detailed standards for drawing district lines, a prohibition on partisan gerrymandering, and the use of the Ohio Redistricting Commission. In addition to seeking to end partisan gerrymandering, the 2018 amendment sought to create a fair, bipartisan, and transparent process for congressional redistricting with districts that were compact and that kept local communities together. The decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in 2019 holding that partisan gerrymandering was a nonjusticiable political question in the federal court underscored the wisdom of the path chosen in Ohio for addressing both apportionment and redistricting.
Introduction
Authors: Pihkala Panu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the overall aim and scope of this anthology, providing a survey of recent research into various expressions of eco-anxiety and other ecological emotions, particularly as they pertain to climate change and the coronavirus pandemic. Several possible frameworks are discussed, including “global anxieties” and “macrosocial worries”. The author points out that eco-anxiety can manifest both in adaptive and maladaptive forms. The phases of how societies reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic are compared with the phases of societal reaction to climate change. The impacts of COVID-19 on people who experience climate anxiety are discussed. Various forms of coping and resilience are briefly explored. The chapter also includes summaries of the chapters in this book, which include international and interdisciplinary perspectives on the challenges that the climate crisis and the pandemic pose to mental and environmental health.
The House of Man
Authors: Haris Susan , Puri Bharati 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The authors of this chapter interpret the COVID-19 pandemic in India through the Anthropocene, suggesting that the pandemic had effects similar to the displacement and wide-scale changes caused by the Anthropocene. They describe the different meanings that “home” took on during the pandemic, as well as the difficulties faced by “homeless” migrants and multispecies ethics of care. The home during the pandemic represented a space of action and solidarity because social distancing was one of the few viable community mitigation strategies. No longer just a residence, the home became a space to perform many things, such as work. The authors interpret this crisis through Elias Canetti’s work on crowds and theorize that the pandemic represents a moment of rupture that should make us rethink theories of “slow violence” and “species being.”
The Best of a Bad Bargain, 1789–1793
Authors: Covo Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter exposes the contradictions between supposed high politics and merchants’ attitudes to events in Saint-Domingue and on the imperial level. Traders fought to preserve the economic model of Saint-Domingue and creatively speculated on flour, sugar, coffee, cotton, molasses, and other goods. They even expanded the scope of the slave trade. Many of these merchants saw the slave insurrection as a boon, seizing the opportunity to start an intercolonial slave-trading business and securing major provisioning contracts. As an unintended consequence, trade paradoxically and indirectly influenced political developments, not by spreading a liberal discourse of civilization, but by producing explosive conditions.
Aftershocks
Authors: Wallace Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe fourth chapter showcases the political difficulties of leaving behind the status quo for a new strategy of justification. China’s reforms were not settled at 1978’s Third Plenum, but aftershocks from that conference reverberated in the decade that followed. After detailing personnel changes as revolutionaries were retired and replaced by technocrats, the chapter presents examples showing how numbers came to define Chinese politics, with emphasis on the deeply quantified nature of the one-child policy. The political waves of loosening and tightening that dominated the 1980s illustrate that mass politics and the macro-economy shaped elite political debates and choices. The aftershocks settled in a two-step of repression against the Tiananmen movement in 1989 and public acknowledgment of the reform trajectory’s developmental success with Deng’s Southern Tour in 1992.
Beyond Count
Authors: Wallace Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe book concludes by moving beyond China to the ways its boom has remade the world. First, it dives into the initially dangerous but largely triumphant politics of the COVID-19 pandemic, affirming the fundamental nature of authoritarian information problems. Even with institutions purpose-built specifically for reporting infectious diseases, incentives to misrepresent and control the flow of information dominated. China’s limited quantified vision and censorship apparatus have extended past its borders, prompting concerns about the role of facts in politics and the power held by those shaping their presentation. Finally, Chinese developmental successes have upended beliefs about economic governance, and China has played an underappreciated role in the rise, hegemony, and fall of neoliberalism.
Taiwan and Israel
Authors: Uslaner Eric M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Israel is a polity that has long had deep socioeconomic divisions between the major parties. The religious parties were comfortable forming coalitions with the leftist Labour Party as long as Labour gave them sufficient resources for their own communities. Yet when Benyamin Netanyahu became prime minister, the religious parties defected to the Likud. The new prime minister shifted the terms of the debate to make his party more attractive to the religious parties. Labor in turn shifted to the center, with positions close to the centrist Shinui party that was focused on secular issues. This fundamentally altered the shift from a left-right dimension to a religious one. Taiwan’s politics have never been based upon ideological or religious lines. The I country’s politics are now and have always been based upon ethnic identity with either the island or Taiwan. The politics of both countries are now based not on what policies you support but with your ethnic identity.
Restless Traveler
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the reasons we love Augustine’s Confessions is that he reminds us of us. He tells the secrets of his inner life, including his sins of the flesh. He treats memory as a miraculous source of truth because God dwells within its hidden passages. His life’s journey begins with a very modern-sounding restlessness. He arrives in Carthage on fire for love—and with a sense of unnamable dissatisfaction with himself. He compares his enjoyment of sinning with his childhood theft of some pears. Still searching, he enters a common-law marriage and joins a non-Christian sect, the Manichees. His mother, Monica, is the power behind the curtain—spiritually ambitious for him. She pressures him to give up his common-law wife, and he callously obeys. Because he is a Platonist at heart, Augustine doesn’t yet have a grasp of sin, evil, or grace. He is still searching. In the meantime, he sails for Italy.
Camera Obscura
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Emily Dickinson and Julian of Norwich are sisters in the Spirit. They each absent themselves from the world in order to cultivate their visions. They are equally inscrutable. Emily wrote no memoir, but her hundreds of poems and letters constitute her “letter to the world.” Emily’s poems hide as much as they reveal. The “Master Letters” create an aura of mystery around a possible love affair. She is both a nature poet and a religious poet. She didn’t much go to church and had no need to be saved, but she did desire union with Christ, as with nature, and in later years wrote of her marriage to Jesus. Like medieval mystic women, she wore only white. Emily and Julian were fascinated with death. It is an essential topic. Like Julian, Dickinson enlarges our souls with the breadth (and focus) of her vision. It is nothing less than immortality, spied from an exceedingly small room.
Persecution and Defiance
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The young woman, Agnes Beaumont, was converted by the preaching of John Bunyan, and it nearly cost her everything. She lives in a small farmhouse under the rule of her dictatorial father. One day she defies her father and rides behind Bunyan to a meeting in a neighboring village. Enraged, her father locks her out of the house in freezing weather. He admits her only after she promises to attend no more meetings. A few nights later, with the two of them alone, he dies of a heart attack, which Agnes’s narrative recounts in gory detail. Agnes is accused by a nefarious lawyer of poisoning her father but is acquitted by the men of the village. Her narrative bravely exposes the domestic tyranny and hypocrisy of the godly. It offers an intimate, “insider’s” portrait of a tiny, gossip-ridden Puritan village, and a young woman who defies it all.
Ruined
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Peter Abelard is in his own estimation “the only philosopher in the world,” a star in the academic empyrean of medieval Paris and rakishly handsome to boot. His memoir is the story of his ruin. Planning to bed a brilliant young scholar named Heloise, he succeeds, and the two of them are nabbed in flagrante by her uncle Fulbert. She is pregnant. Fulbert’s revenge is to have Abelard castrated. It is the pivotal event in the story of his “misfortunes,” which, unlike Augustine’s Confessions, is a litany of complaints. His ruin is completed by the infamy of his injury. Heloise enters a convent, and Abelard enters a monastery, whereupon the celebrity monk reinvents himself as a biblical scholar. He is subsequently humiliated by the famed Bernard of Clairvaux, who sees in Abelard’s philosophy something “new” and dangerous to traditional Catholic philosophy. He is right. Abelard’s critical approach to theology is roughly six centuries ahead of his time.
The Radiance of a Yellow Star
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Etty Hillesum’s intimate diary of the Nazi occupation of Amsterdam captures the writer’s elan like no other modern memoir. Affection for her lover and fantasies for her future gradually shift to a candid exposition of life under Nazi rule. Hers is the spiritual memoir of a Jewish woman trained in law, Russian literature, and psychology, who hungrily searches both testaments of scripture, and is gradually being enveloped into a life of prayer. Every sentence of her diary and every act of generosity toward her fellow Jews are acts of prayer. As the political situation deteriorates, Etty’s relationship to God accelerates. Like the prisoner Dietrich Bonhoeffer, she trades the promise of the future for the demands of the present. She has learned how to be fully human in the most dehumanizing of circumstances. Everywhere she sees “blazing harmonies,” until, at last, her diary goes silent, and she disappears into the black hole of Auschwitz.
Surprised by Death
Authors: Lischer Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A Grief Observed reveals a “dark” side of C. S. Lewis for which his devoted readers may be unprepared. It is a candid, clinical, and sometimes shocking account of his grief following his wife’s death. The celebrated defender of the faith pulls no punches in accusing God of uncaring cruelty. He asks, what sort of God do we really have? He eventually comes to accept God’s providence in the death of his beloved “H,” but not before he explores the many avenues of loss. Grief has a history. Lewis was introduced to death when as a boy he stood before his mother’s corpse. Growing up, his fantasies and delight in male companionship insulated him from his later experience of passionate love for a woman. Indeed, Surprised by Joy only magnifies the improbability of sexual love, marriage, and the soul-baring grief expressed in his later work.
Introduction
Authors: Gallagher Janice K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The introductory chapter lays out the question, argument, and empirical strategy of the book and also previews the Mexican context. The book asks, how do people, living in settings marked by normalized rights violations, transform into rights-claiming and, ultimately, rights-bearing citizens? This chapter walks through the argument that as people participate in ongoing mobilization and claim-making over time, (1) their legal consciousness shifts, and with this shift, (2) their ability to challenge impunity is likewise transformed. It posits that despite the apparent impossibility of combating impunity without the state, victims have been able to erode impunity—that is, to bootstrap justice—to a surprising degree. It argues that these processes are best understood with a multi-level, temporally situated perspective, and that this approach provides insight into what has been achieved in the past decade, drawing lessons relevant beyond Mexico about what can be achieved in the struggle against impunity.
The Beginnings
Authors: Gallagher Janice K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter lays the theoretical and empirical foundation for understanding why and how legal consciousness shifts over time. It first reviews the central explanations of why people mobilize, including life circumstances, underlying internal motivations, and the nature of the grievance. It argues for the relevance of how a person thinks—about the law, cooperation, their own sense of agency—in shaping whether and how they mobilize. The chapter then explores the salience of each of these logics in understanding the lives and decisions of the three families of focus before and in the immediate aftermath of their loved ones’ disappearance. Finally, it argues that closely reviewing the details of each disappearance improves insight into how the nature of the disappearance as a particularly cruel grievance shapes mobilization: its impetus for action lies in the ongoing uncertainty and possibility that their loved one’s well-being may be contingent on their own actions.