bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘It Isn't Charity because We've Paid into it’: Social Citizenship and the Moral Economy of Welfare Recipients in the Wake of 2012 UK Welfare Reform Act
Authors: Thiel Darren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrawing on interviews with welfare claimants living in Essex, UK, this article examines the material and symbolic effects of the UK government’s 2012 Welfare Reform Act, and it highlights the participants’ interpretations of and responses to that. In reaction to their sense of material and symbolic exclusion, participants made moral claims for their inclusion through a notion of social citizenship based on collective reciprocity and care. They claimed to have paid-in to the national purse in various material and moral ways until circumstances outside of their control meant they could no longer do so. They thus asserted a moral-economic right to social inclusion and an ensuing right to receive adequate, non-stigmatised, and non-punitive welfare. These moral-economic claims differ from other, more public, counter-narratives to welfare reform and government austerity, and they assert a clear but subtle opposition to the market-bound logic of the reform.
Paternal nutritional programming of lipid metabolism is propagated through sperm and seminal plasma
Authors: Furse Samuel , Watkins Adam J. , Williams Huw E. L. , Snowden Stuart G. , Chiarugi Davide , Koulman Albert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The paternal diet affects lipid metabolism in offspring for at least two generations through nutritional programming. However, we do not know how this is propagated to the offspring.

Objectives
We tested the hypothesis that the changes in lipid metabolism that are driven by paternal diet are propagated through spermatozoa and not seminal plasma.

Methods
We applied an updated, purpose-built computational network analysis tool to characterise control of lipid metabolism systemically (Lipid Traffic Analysis v2.3) on a known mouse model of paternal nutritional programming.

Results
The analysis showed that the two possible routes for programming effects, the sperm (genes) and seminal plasma (influence on the uterine environment), both have a distinct effect on the offspring’s lipid metabolism. Further, the programming effects in offspring suggest that changes in lipid distribution are more important than alterations in lipid biosynthesis.

Conclusions
These results show how the uterine environment and genes both affect lipid metabolism in offspring, enhancing our understanding of the link between parental diet and metabolism in offspring.
Size-resolved simulation of particulate matters and CO2 concentration in passenger vehicle cabins
Authors: Wei Dixin , Nielsen Filip , Ekberg Lars , Dalenbäck Jan-Olof 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to develop a mathematical size-dependent vehicle cabin model for particulate matter concentration including PM2.5 (particles of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and UFPs (ultrafine particles of aerodynamic diameter less than 100 nm), as well as CO2 concentration. The ventilation airflow rate and cabin volume parameters are defined from a previously developed vehicle model for climate system design. The model simulates different filter statuses, application of pre-ionization, different airflow rates and recirculation degrees. Both particle mass and count concentration within 10–2530 nm are simulated. Parameters in the model are defined from either available component test data (for example filter efficiencies) or assumptions from corresponding studies (for example particle infiltration and deposition rates). To validate the model, road measurements of particle and CO2 concentrations outside two vehicles were used as model inputs. The simulated inside PM2.5, UFP and CO2 concentration were compared with the inside measurements. Generally, the simulation agrees well with measured data (Person’s r 0.89–0.92), and the simulation of aged filter with ionization is showing higher deviation than others. The simulation using medium airflows agrees better than the simulation using other airflows, both lower and higher. The reason for this may be that the filter efficiency data used in the model were obtained at airflows close to the medium airflow. When all size bins are compared, the sizes of 100–300 nm were slightly overestimated. The results indicated that among others, expanded filter efficiency data as a function of filter ageing and airflow rate would possibly enhance the simulation accuracy. An initial application sample study on recirculation degrees presents the model’s possible application in developing advanced climate control strategies.
Assessment of Trace Metals in Camelus dromedarius Meat from Mauritania
Authors: Ahmed El Boukhary , Hamed Mohamed Salem El Mahmoud , Moktar Babah Sidi , Pino Angelo Santana-Del , Brahim Mohamed , Issa Mariem Youssouf , Zamel Mohamed Lemine , Montesdeoca-Esponda Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Mauritania, the dromedary breeding is the most widespread pastoral activity, and it is considered as the first source of animal protein; however, the research on meat is relatively rare compared with fish, especially in relation with the presence of trace metals. In this work, livers, kidneys, and muscles of 25 Camelus dromedarius were collected from butcheries in Nouakchott (Mauritania) between February and April 2020 to study the concentration of trace metals (three essential metals: cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn), and four toxic metals: mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)). Statistical treatment did not show significant differences associated with age (P = 0.7004), sex (P = 0.9353), or type of diet (0.9951) in the found concentration of the target substances, but the differences were significant between metals and between organs (P < 0.0001). The mean concentrations of the essential metals were 0.80 mg/100 g for Cu, 6.02 mg/100 g for Fe, and 3.28 mg/100 g for Zn, and the ratios between these concentrations were significant (P < 0.0001 in all cases), with [Fe] > [Zn] > [Cu]. Cu was most concentrated in the liver, Fe in the kidney, and Zn in muscle. The mean concentrations of toxic metals were 0.055 mg/kg for As, 0.064 mg/kg for Cd, 0.040 mg/kg for Pb, and 0.027 mg/kg for Hg. They also exhibited significant difference between organs. Hg and Pb showed their largest concentrations in the liver, whereas As and Cd reached their maximum values in the kidney. Therefore, the found concentrations in all cases were lower than the admissible level of trace metals.
How to make big decisions: A cross-sectional study on the decision making process in life choices
Authors: Savioni Lucrezia , Triberti Stefano , Durosini Ilaria , Pravettoni Gabriella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeople often make life choices that will affect their future (e.g. getting married). However, research on decision making focuses more on abstract dilemmas than on decision making. The aim of this study is threefold: to analyze (1) whether people rely mainly on intuitive or rational processing (System 1 or 2) when making life choices; (2) whether some characteristics of recalled life choices (e.g., difficulty in making the decision) differ between life areas (sentimental and work contexts); (3) whether personality traits and System 1 or 2 utilization may predict final satisfaction in life choices. By conducting a cross-sectional study on 188 participants’ recall of selected life decisions (in the sentimental and work life areas) we found that System 1 is more involved than System 2 in sentimental choices while the opposite happens for work ones. Lastly, satisfaction in life choices is partially predicted by the involvement of cognitive systems and individual differences, with different predictors emerging across life areas. Discussion suggests directions for future research on naturalistic decision making.
Political Control and Parliamentary Committees of Inquiry: Strengthening the Quality of Democracy
Authors: Keppel Matthias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Austria and Germany’s parliamentary system, committees of inquiry represent the most comprehensive political control instruments. With the help of these committees, members of parliament can gain precise insight into the work of the government. These insights are necessary when suspicious cases are brought to public attention, from which the government’s actions and the abuse of power come to light. Based on a first-ever qualitative case study of investigative committees in Austria and Germany, this article focuses on the results of these parliamentary committees. By scrutinizing these authorities and institutions, the members of parliament acquire extensive knowledge of the actions. This assists in reforms and leads to innovative effects on the democratic quality of the political systems. By comparing these results and with the help of the central analytical framework of Hans Joachim Lauth’s 15-field matrix, this study discovers that committees of inquiry can influence all areas of politics, law, and society. This influence occurs primarily through knowledge generation on real political processes, and provides a significant contribution to knowledge democracy.
The logic of explanation in molecular biology: historical-processual and logical-procedural aspects
Authors: Boniolo Giovanni , Campaner Raffaella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work addresses biological explanations and aims to provide a philosophical account which brings together logical-procedural and historical-processual aspects when considering molecular pathways. It is argued that, having molecular features asexplananda, a particular non-classical logical language –Zsyntax– can be used to formally represent, in terms of logical theorems, types of molecular processes (pathways), and to grasp how we get from one molecular interaction to another, hence explaining why a given outcome occurs. Expressing types of molecular biology processes in terms of theZsyntaxlanguage allows us to represent causal interactions by taking into account their context-sensitivity, and amounts to partly reviving the spirit of the so-called received view of explanation – which aimed to capture scientific explanatory accounts in terms of their logical structure and their appealing to nomological relations. Such a partial revival is pursued by invoking here non-classical deductions and empirical generalisations, which are called to provide the epistemic norms to explain the behavior of molecular pathways.
Epistemological and educational issues in teaching practice-oriented scientific research: roles for philosophers of science
Authors: Boon Mieke , Orozco Mariana , Sivakumar Kishore 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe complex societal challenges of the twenty-first Century require scientific researchers and academically educated professionals capable of conducting scientific research in complex problem contexts. Our central claim is that educational approaches inspired by a traditional empiricist epistemology insufficiently foster the required deep conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking skills necessary for epistemic tasks in scientific research. Conversely, we argue that constructivist epistemologies (developed in the philosophy of science in practice) provide better guidance to educational approaches to promote research skills. We also argue that teachers adopting a constructivist learning theory do not necessarily embrace a constructivist epistemology. On the contrary, in educational practice, novel educational approaches that adopt constructivist learning theories (e.g., project-based learning, PjBL) often maintain traditional empiricist epistemologies. Philosophers of science can help develop educational designs focused on learning to conduct scientific research, combining constructivist learning theory with constructivist epistemology. We illustrate this by an example from a bachelor’s program in Biomedical Engineering, where we introduce conceptual models and modeling as an alternative to the traditional focus on hypothesis testing in conducting scientific research. This educational approach includes the so-called B&K method for (re-)constructing scientific models to scaffold teaching and learning conceptual modeling.
Online investigation for irrigation water quality parameters of Gummidipoondi Lake, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jebaraj Bharath Singh , Sankaran Vijayalakshmi , Sivasankaran Sushmitha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe water quality parameters analysis was carried out in the Gummidipoondi Lake located in Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India. As the Lake was only source for the farmers for irrigation in their place, contamination of the Lake is the major threat. The contamination factors for that Lake are mainly due to the manufacturing industries which are present around the water body. Farming is the only occupation of the surroundings. In order to protect the water body which is serving as a backbone for that community, a complete analysis is carried out to monitor the water quality parameters. Currently, offline investigation is carried out by the water supply and drainage board. The junior water analyst will directly inspect the water bodies, collect samples and do testing either in laboratories or in field using the kits available. The sets of data will be available after completing a number of tests and displayed in the website by manual entry. In order to carry a real-time analysis and the direct providing of data in the website, an online investigation method is implemented and tested in the Gummidipoondi Lake. The main parameters of this lake water are the temperature, pH and the turbidity. This concept uses real-time processors with sensors, connecting protocols and the display of results in the web interface. The results produced by the method are used to provide the contamination happened in the lake and alert the public works department to take necessary action to avoid the contamination. The outputs are displayed in the website to give current updates about the condition of the Gummidipoondi Lake.
Patient Information Items Needed to Guide the Allocation of Scarce Life-Sustaining Resources: A Delphi Study of Multidisciplinary Experts
Authors: Gray Megan M. , Butler Catherine R. , Webster Laura B. , Tonelli Mark R. , Sakata Vicki L. , Diekema Douglas S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Plans for allocation of scarce life-sustaining resources during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic often include triage teams, but operational details are lacking, including what patient information is needed to make triage decisions.

Methods:
A Delphi study among Washington state disaster preparedness experts was performed to develop a list of patient information items needed for triage team decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic. Experts proposed and rated their agreement with candidate information items during asynchronous Delphi rounds. Consensus was defined as ≥80% agreement. Qualitative analysis was used to describe considerations arising in this deliberation. A timed simulation was performed to evaluate feasibility of data collection from the electronic health record.

Results:
Over 3 asynchronous Delphi rounds, 50 experts reached consensus on 24 patient information items, including patients’ age, severe or end-stage comorbidities, the reason for and timing of admission, measures of acute respiratory failure, and clinical trajectory. Experts weighed complex considerations around how information items could support effective prognostication, consistency, accuracy, minimizing bias, and operationalizability of the triage process. Data collection took a median of 227 seconds (interquartile range = 205, 298) per patient.

Conclusions:
Experts achieved consensus on patient information items that were necessary and appropriate for informing triage teams during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Continuity of critical exponent of quasiconvex-cocompact groups under Gromov–Hausdorff convergence
Authors: CAVALLUCCI NICOLA 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe show continuity under equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence of the critical exponent of discrete, non-elementary, torsion-free, quasiconvex-cocompact groups with uniformly bounded codiameter acting on uniformly Gromov-hyperbolic metric spaces.
Plant-based meat and dairy substitutes on the Norwegian market: comparing macronutrient content in substitutes with equivalent meat and dairy products
Authors: Tonheim Live Edvardsen , Austad Elisabeth , Torheim Liv Elin , Henjum Sigrun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess and compare the macronutrient and salt content in meat and dairy substitutes available on the Norwegian market. Design: Comparison between substitute products and two groups of meat and dairy products where one group represented the healthiest option (Keyhole) and one the most used option (Regular). Kruskal–Wallis test with pairwise comparison was conducted on categories with more than two groups, and Mann–Whitney U test was conducted on categories with two groups. Setting: Online stores in Norway. Hundred and two meat substitute products and 173 milk and dairy substitute products on sale spring and autumn 2020 were assessed; additionally, ninety-eight equivalent meat products and 105 milk and dairy products. Results: While Keyhole and Regular meat did not contain fibre, meat substitutes contained 3⋅5–5⋅0 g fibre per 100 g. The saturated fat content in meat substitutes was on average 1⋅9 times lower than in Keyhole products and 5⋅8 times lower than in Regular products. Milk and dairy substitutes contained 3⋅2 and 3⋅4 times less protein than Keyhole and Regular products, respectively. Conclusions: The study results indicate that meat and dairy substitutes on the Norwegian market vary in nutritional composition. Compared to Keyhole and Regular, substitutes contained lower levels of saturated fat, meat substitutes contained higher levels of fibre and milk and dairy substitutes less protein. Future studies should include content of micronutrients for a more comprehensive assessment.
Against Probabilistic Measures of Explanatory Quality
Authors: Lange Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral philosophers propose probabilistic measures of how well a potential scientific explanation would explain the given evidence. These measures could elaborate “best” in “inference to the best explanation”. This paper argues that none of these measures (and no other measure built exclusively from such probabilities) succeeds. The paper considers the various rival explanations that scientists proposed for the parallelogram of forces. Scientists regarded various features of these proposals as making them more or less “lovely” (in Lipton’s sense). None of these probabilistic measures of loveliness can reflect these features. The paper concludes by considering the kinds of probabilities that could reflect these features.
Forced Changes Only: A New Take on the Law of Inertia
Authors: Hoek Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNewton’s First Law of Motion is typically understood to govern only the motion of force-free bodies. This paper argues on textual and conceptual grounds that the law is in fact a stronger, more general principle. The First Law limits the extent to which any body can change its state of motion—even if that body is subject to impressed forces. The misunderstanding can be traced back to an error in the first English translation of Newton’s Principia, which was published a few years after Newton’s death.
The variation in firm lobbying by political regime: can it explain trade and currency policy differences?
Authors: Bearce David H. , Roosevelt Megan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExploring if/how lobbying patterns differ by political regime, this paper uses data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys with about 29,000 firms across 83 country/years to test the hypothesis that this political activity should be greater in democracies. Considering a variety of democracy indicators and different lobbying measures, it finds strong support for this expected positive relationship. It then employs these data to consider the trade and currency policy preferences of firms within the special interest channel, comparing democracies with non-democracies. These results show a greater percentage of exporting firms, a lesser percentage of import-competing firms, and a greater percentage of non-tradable firms within the democratic special interest channel, helping to build a lobbying-based explanation for why democracies tend to have more open trade policies and more flexible exchange rate regimes.
The role of platelet-rich plasma in microlaryngeal surgery: a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Gaafar A , Eldeghiedy A , ElMaghraby R , Nouh I , Donia M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivePlatelet-rich plasma has gained interest over the two last decades, mainly because of its role in regenerative medicine. This work aimed to assess the role of intra-operative local application of platelet-rich plasma gel in the improvement of quality of voice after microlaryngeal surgery.MethodThis was a prospective comparative study that included 40 patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery for benign vocal fold lesions. There were two groups divided equally into study group A and control group B. The assessment of voice was performed by videostroboscopy and acoustic analysis pre-operatively and at two weeks and one and three months post-operatively.ResultsThe data demonstrated that all the stroboscopic and acoustic parameters showed significant improvement in both groups. Group A showed significant improvement regarding acoustic parameters at the third post-operative follow up when compared with group B.ConclusionPlatelet-rich plasma has a beneficial effect on voice quality following microlaryngeal surgery based in particular on acoustic parameters.
How Socioeconomic Status and Family Social Capital Matter for the Subjective Well-Being of Young People: Implications for the Child and Family Welfare Policy in Ghana
Authors: ADDAE EVELYN ABOAGYE , KÜHNER STEFAN 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article takes a health assets approach to extract policy lessons for Ghana’s present Child and Family Welfare Policy, introduced in 2014. We examine the role of Ghanaian adolescents’ socioeconomic status and family social capital in their subjective well-being using data obtained from a representative survey of adolescents (aged 13-18 years) in Ghana’s Upper West Region. Our empirical results revealed that various sub-components of family social capital, including family sense of belonging, autonomy support, control, and social support, varied with adolescents’ self-reported life satisfaction and happiness after controlling for their family socioeconomic status and other personal characteristics. Once family social capital was controlled for, socioeconomic status explained adolescents’ life satisfaction, but not their happiness. These findings confirm existing studies suggesting that family social capital can function as a protective ‘safety net’ for adolescents with low SES in the specific Ghanaian context. Consequently, this study contributes to the literature by arguing that, in order to develop Ghana’s Child and Family Welfare Policy further, adolescent ‘social empowerment’ ought to be accentuated alongside its current focus on enhancing household ‘economic empowerment’ via social protection interventions.
Science with or without statistics: Discover-generalize-replicate? Discover-replicate-generalize?
Authors: Ioannidis John P.A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOverstated generalizability (external validity) is common in research. It may coexist with inflation of the magnitude and statistical support for effects and dismissal of internal validity problems. Generalizability may be secured before attempting replication of proposed discoveries or replication may precede efforts to generalize. These opposite approaches may decrease or increase, respectively, the use of inferential statistics with advantages and disadvantages.