bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HELP ADDRESS THE 5MS OF GERIATRICS?
Authors: Kaufmann Christopher 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the past year, the world has witnessed an explosion in the availability of tools employing artificial intelligence (AI) to do things never imagined possible. In parallel to its worldwide growth, applications of AI have also entered the healthcare sector. Specifically, AI tools have the potential to assist healthcare professionals in making judicial clinical decisions and to empower patients to monitor their health and make informed healthcare choices. Still, the application of AI to the geriatrics and gerontology field is limitless and represents a major opportunity to promote successful aging and independence of older persons. The 5Ms of Geriatrics is a framework used in clinical practice for assessing an older adult patient’s cognitive and physical functioning. The key Ms include Mind, Mobility, Medications, Multicomplexity, and what Matters Most, and addressing these five domains is essential clinical practice for improving health outcomes, particularly for older patients. In this presentation, we will explore the current applications and approaches of using AI to specifically address each of the 5Ms. The discussion will focus on the applicability of AI to address each domain and provide key examples of how AI, to date, has addressed each domain. The presentation will also propose key opportunities for future applications of AI in the geriatrics and gerontology field, with the ultimate goal of better providing for the healthcare of older people and promoting aging in place and successful aging.
MACHINE LEARNING–ENHANCED FRAILTY ASSESSMENT FOR HIGH-RISK OLDER PATIENTS UNDERGOING TAVR
Authors: Mardini Mamoun , Bai Chen , Price Catherine , Manini Todd , Al-Ani Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Frailty assessment in hospital settings is growing as a method for patient selection, estimating adverse outcomes, and care planning. However, due to time and resource constraints, current frailty assessments are unstandardized and challenging to apply in clinical settings. This study aims to test frailty assessments by combining real-world structured and unstructured data using machine learning (ML) in older patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). We extracted data from 131 TAVR patients collected between January 2018 to December 2019, employing the Fried criterion (weight loss, exhaustion, walking speed, grip strength, and physical activity). We used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to analyze clinical notes collected 60 days before the TAVR procedure, generating 150 distinct topics. Additionally, we extracted preoperative data from structured EHRs, including patient details up to six months prior to their frailty evaluation. This includes sociodemographic data, medical history, condition severity, and the latest biochemical markers. We merged LDA-generated topics with EHR features, applied LASSO regression to select the most relevant features, and used XGBoost for predicting frailty levels in patients. We validated our models using nested cross-validation. Integrating clinical notes and structured EHR significantly enhanced model performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82, surpassing the EHR-only model’s AUC of 0.64. SHAP analysis, a method to explain the output of ML, identified key frailty predictors such as congestive heart failure management, back problems, and Atrial Fibrillation. This approach demonstrates significant potential in standardizing frailty assessments using real-world data and optimizing TAVR patient selection
THE ROLE OF TEMPORAL CONTEXT IN SHAPING LIFE COURSE TRAJECTORIES: INSIGHTS FROM OLDER CHINESE INDIVIDUALS IN THE UK
Authors: Tenquist Miriam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
International gerontological research has increasingly recognised the importance of larger sociohistorical contexts for understanding the growing needs of an increasingly diverse ageing population. The paper contributes to existing literature by examining how temporal context, including historical time, age cohort, and migration age, influences the life trajectories of older migrant communities, specifically older Chinese migrant communities in the UK. Central to this investigation is an examination of their lived experiences against the backdrop of migration policies and concurrent sociohistorical developments in both the host and home country, both before and during migration. This paper draws on semi-structured interviews with 57 Chinese people over the age of 50 living in the UK more than 5 years. The study identifies two distinct groups within this demographic based on migration waves: the second wave (1945-1980) and the third wave (1980s-2000). The paper highlights disparities in educational opportunities, dispersion patterns, occupation, and socio-linguistic capital between the two waves. Grounded in a life course perspective, this paper emphasises the significance of sociohistorical temporality and spatiality in turning points. We argue that the enduring legacies of Chinese reforms and societal changes are distinctly evident in the life trajectories of the diaspora in the UK, becoming more pronounced in later life stages. Ultimately, the study advocates for a more nuanced understanding of migrant communities that recognise the impacts of distinct migration waves on their unique ageing trajectories. This interdisciplinary, internationally minded perspective allows us to better serve global ageing populations that are increasingly influenced by globalisation.
HISTORICAL CHANGE IN THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF GHANIAN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Dey Nutifafa , Infurna Frank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The last 70 years in Ghana has seen political and socioeconomic transformations that have impacted adult life through the types of policies implemented and social programs made accessible. It has not yet been studied whether these transformations have led to better health and well-being for middle-aged and older adults in Ghana. Up to this point, studies examining historical change or cohort differences are largely from high-income nations and report trends of historical improvements in health and well-being for middle-aged and older adults in European nations, compared to middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. where historical declines are largely observed. Our goal is to use data from Ghana’s WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) to fill this gap. Multilevel models were applied to three waves of data collected between 2002-2015 and the outcomes were self-rated health and depressive symptoms. Results revealed that later-born cohorts are reporting poorer self-rated health, which is indicative of historical declines. This trend did not differ across women and educational attainment. No significant cohort effects or modifying effects of gender and education were found for depressive symptoms. These findings shed light on the unique historical trajectory of self-rated health and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults in Ghana. Our findings show similarities and differences to previous findings from the U.S. and Europe. Future research is required that tests potential mechanisms, such as changing dynamics in employment, financial demands, and disruptions in traditional family and social life due to modernization and urbanization.
SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS OF DEMENTIA FAMILY DYADIC COMMUNICATION: CARE RECIPIENT ENGAGING COMMUNICATION
Authors: Kim Sohyun , Chen Will , Sun-Mitchell Shan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Persons living with dementia (care-recipient) engaging communication is responsive and collaborative communication. Examining dementia family dyadic communication is useful for prioritizing caregiver response to care-recipient communication. This study examined temporal relationships between antecedent care-recipient engaging communication and subsequent family caregiver communication (facilitative, disabling, and neutral) during 75 in-home care video observations. A secondary analysis of 5- to 60-second timed-window analysis with 5-second intervals was conducted. 95% confidence intervals, p-values, and Yule’s Q statistics were used. The results showed all types of caregiver communication were less likely to occur within all time widows after care-recipient engaging verbal communication (OR = 0.19– 0.43, p &lt; 0.001, Yule’s Q = -0.398 – -0.685). Caregiver facilitative verbal, disabling verbal and nonverbal, and neutral verbal communication were less likely to occur within all time widows after care-recipient engaging nonverbal communication (OR = 0.37 – 0.83, p &lt; 0.001 – p = 0.017, Yule’s Q = -0.093 – -0.459). Caregiver facilitative nonverbal communication was less likely to occur until 35-second after care-recipient engaging nonverbal communication (OR = 0.67 – 0.81, p &lt; 0.001 – p = 0.001 – 0.020, Yule’s Q = -0.099 – -0.198). Care-recipient engaging communication was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of subsequent caregiver communication, with a small to large probability of non-occurrence. Caregivers failed to respond to care-recipient communication, regardless of its nature. This emphasizes the urgent need for healthcare providers and researchers to prioritize caregiver education to promote a more supportive and engaging environment for persons living with dementia.
PERCEPTIONS OF COMMUNICATION: INCLUSION OF DEMENTIA CARE PARTNERS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENT CARE
Authors: Medlin Austin , Still Catherine , Strayer Andrea , Fields Beth , Werner Nicole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Care partners provide the majority of care to people living with dementia (PLWD) during and after hospitalizations. Yet, they often report dissatisfaction with their inclusion in the hospitalization and feel unprepared to provide care after hospital discharge. Effective communication between clinicians and care partners of PLWD during a hospitalization is foundational to care partner inclusion and preparation. However, our current understanding of care partner communication with hospital-based clinicians is lacking. The present study aims to explore care partners’ experiences with clinician communication during hospitalizations of PLWD. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 15 care partners of PLWD who had experienced a hospitalization within the last year. Our interdisciplinary team completed an inductive content analysis of the interview transcripts focused on identifying factors influencing care partner and clinician communication. Excerpts were first structurally coded related to hospital communication and then overarching categories were generated through consensus-based discussion over multiple team meetings. We identified five distinct categories related to care partner communication with clinicians: amount of communication, care transition communication, communication style, care partner communication expectations, and inclusion of PLWD in communication. Negative perceptions arose surrounding physical presence of the care partner dictating amount of communication, while lack of communication between hospitals and home health led to decreased care transition communication. Those with positive experiences, however, described a “family-like” communication style. These findings point to areas of communication that could be targets for future intervention to improve care partner inclusion and preparation during hospitalizations of PLWD.
REPURPOSED FOR AGING
Authors: Aleksic Sandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chronic diseases represent the leading driver of health care cost, with detrimental impact on function, independence, and quality of life in the aging society. Geroscience-guided approaches seek to target aging biology to extend healthspan, defined as the period of life spent without major disease and disability. Repurposing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - approved drugs as gerotherapeutics (geroscience-guided pharmacologic interventions) offers the advantage of known pharmacologic profile and existing clinical experience and can represent a cost-effective strategy to test interventions for extension of healthspan. Among FDA-approved drugs, candidates with geroscience potential can be identified based on the evidence of extension of healthspan and lifespan in model organisms coupled with clinical evidence of benefits extending beyond the diseases targeted by the drug, through mechanisms that involve modulation of hallmarks of aging. Given the inseparable connections between metabolism and aging, it is not surprising that several FDA-approved drugs developed for treatment of metabolic dysfunction are emerging as potential gerotherapeutics. Metformin (discussed by Dr. Sara Espinoza), a widely used oral antidiabetic drug, extends lifespan in preclinical models, while observational clinical evidence supports its role in prevention of several chronic diseases. Two newer antidiabetic drug classes, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (discussed by Dr. John Newman) and sodium- glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (discussed by Dr. Carolina Solis-Herrera), have demonstrated healthspan and lifespan benefits above and beyond treatment of diabetes. Emerging evidence for modulation of multiple hallmarks of aging supports gerotherapeutic properties of these drugs. Clinical trials targeting several aging-relevant outcomes are underway.
ASSESSING GEROTHERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS
Authors: Newman John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gerotherapeutics are drugs that target biological mechanisms of aging to achieve broad impacts on multiple chronic diseases of aging as well as geriatric syndromes. No drugs have yet been shown in clinical trials to act as gerotherapeutics. However, several potential candidates have been identified from existing drugs based on proposed interactions with biological mechanisms of aging and supportive data from clinical trials affecting multiple age-related diseases. Metabolism and aging have been mechanistically intertwined since the first rodent studies of caloric restriction a century ago and the identification of the insulin/IGF receptor as the first aging-regulating gene thirty years ago, so it is unsurprising that several candidate gerotherapeutics were first developed for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Here we will focus on the class of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), describing preclinical data on interactions with hallmarks of aging that could support a gerotherapeutic role. We will summarize current clinical trial data that includes reduced cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and mortality in patients with T2DM as well as early or ongoing studies in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. We will discuss the limits of current data, priorities for further research, and the known risks of GLP-1RA in considering their development as potential gerotherapeutics.
CARING FOR HEALTH AND CULTURE: INSIGHTS INTO DISEASE MANAGEMENT, CAREGIVING, AND WELL-BEING IN BLACK COMMUNITIES
Authors: Esiaka Darlingtina , Nkimbeng Manka 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There has been growing advocacy for a nuanced understanding of health practices and challenges in diverse Black contexts in recent years. This symposium aims to show the multifaceted intersection of health, culture, and well-being within Black communities, offering a comprehensive exploration of chronic disease management, family caregiving, and mental well-being. Ado-Mensah scrutinizes the nuanced roles and characteristics of family caregivers in African American and Black immigrant communities, shedding light on the unique challenges they face in the context of diabetes management. Groves introduces a novel approach to hypertension management by combining the DASH diet with culturally tailored recipes, recognizing the importance of culturally sensitive interventions for improving health outcomes among Black women. Kum explores the cultural aspects influencing family caregiving practices among African and Afro-Caribbean immigrants, contributing valuable insights into the broader context of eldercare within these communities. Lastly, Hutton sheds light on mental health challenges, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of depression and loneliness symptoms within the diverse diasporic experiences of African Americans and Black communities. Together, these contributions weave a rich tapestry of knowledge, providing valuable insights into disease management, caregiving dynamics, and mental well-being in the intricate intersection of health and culture within Black communities.
ECONOMIC VALUE OF UNPAID FAMILY CAREGIVER TIME FOLLOWING HOSPITAL DISCHARGE AND AT END-OF-LIFE
Authors: Kaufman Brystana , Wenhan Zhang , Shibeika Sahar , Huang Ro , Vanderboom Catherine , Holland Diane , Van Houtven Courtney , Griffin Joan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estimates of patient care costs often overlook the economic value of unpaid caregiving. This study aims to quantify the economic value of unpaid caregiving by rural FCGs. Using data from a multi-site randomized controlled trial evaluating Transitional Palliative Care (TPC) intervention for FCGs, this study quantifies the economic value of family caregiving in the six months following seriously ill care recipients’ hospital discharge using three valuation methods. Caregiving hours were self-reported by FCGs. The proxy cost approach assigned value to FCG hours using the national median home health aide wage. The unadjusted opportunity cost approach assigned value using the national median wage, by sex and education level. The adjusted opportunity cost approach assigned value by work force participation, using opportunity cost if employed and proxy cost otherwise. Of 282 FCGs, 94% were non-Hispanic White, 71% had a college degree, 56% were spouses, and 51% were in the workforce. FCG cost did not differ by treatment arm. FCGs of decedents compared to survivors reported significantly more hours per person-month (392 vs. 272, p&lt; 0.001), resulting in higher median opportunity cost ($12,653 vs. $8,843, p&lt; 0.001), proxy cost ($5,689 vs. $3,955, p&lt; 0.001), and adjusted opportunity cost ($9,490 vs. $6,443, p&lt; 0.001) per person-month. Proxy cost may undervalue FCG time, while opportunity cost may perpetuate labor market inequities. Policymakers must weigh trade-offs of different valuation methods. The high intensity of unpaid post-acute care, especially end-of-life, should be considered when designing policies and interventions to support unpaid FCG due to the economic impact on FCGs and employers.
EVALUATION OF AN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE TRAINING FOR LATINX COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS
Authors: Bishop Sonia , Pascoe Kelley , Rojina Janet , Lopez Katherine , Kehne Theresa , Torres Karen , Domoto-Reilly Kimiko , Ko Linda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite an anticipated 800% increase in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevalence among U.S. Hispanic/Latinx by 2060, Hispanic/Latinx are persistently underrepresented in AD research, which is partly due to low participation in Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRC). Community Health Workers (CHWs) are trusted community members and can serve as educators of AD and ADRC. This study evaluated changes in pre and post knowledge about AD and ADRC among CHWs serving Hispanic/Latinx after delivery of a culturally and linguistically appropriate AD training. The training covered AD prevalence and risk factors, AD preventive behaviors, knowledge about ADRC, and the importance of AD research. Pre/post assessment was conducted using non-matched, anonymous surveys; differences in pre/post measures (mean+SD) were estimated and analyzed using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U tests. Participants (N=68) had a mean (SD) age of 40 (10.7) years, were majority female (87%), identified as Latinx (91%), born outside the U.S. (55%) and represented 21 Washington counties. There was a significant increase in knowledge of AD (pre: 2.16 + 1.25; post: 3.51 + 1.09; p&lt; 0.001), AD signs and symptoms (pre: 2.04 + 1.25, post: 3.38 + 1.13; p&lt; 0.001), and AD prevention (pre: 1.84 + 1.16, post: 3.46 + 1.19; p&lt; 0.001) pre/post training. Similarly, there was significant increase in knowledge of the local ADRC (pre: 1.38 + 0.92, post: 3.27 + 1.48; p&lt; 0.001), ADRC studies (pre: 1.63 + 1.11, post: 3.31 + 1.22; p&lt; 0.001) and what ADRC participation entails (pre: 2.59 + 1.74, post: 4 + 1.17; p&lt; 0.001) pre/post training. Culturally and linguistically concordant training for CHWs showed promise for increasing knowledge about AD and ADRC. Future research should explore how CHWs use training information to educate Hispanic/Latinx individuals about AD and ADRC.
EXPERIENCES OF SENIOR SCHOLARS AND PROFESSORS EMERITI: FOCUS GROUP RESULTS
Authors: Porter Michelle , Kops William , Kauenhowen Cornelia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study we were interested in learning about the experiences of Senior Scholars and Professors Emeriti at the University of Manitoba (UM), as part of a larger age-friendly university project on these term and lifetime positions for retired academics. Focus groups were held online with 11 women and men. The interview guide, developed based on earlier findings from a survey of a larger group of individuals in these same positions, included questions on their reasons for attaining the positions, benefits, challenges, and processes. Six themes were identified from the data collected: 1) commitment, 2) connection/access, 3) variability, 4) overlooked, 5) clarity (lack of) and 6) opportunity. 1) Participants indicated they are committed to their departments and colleagues locally, nationally and internationally. 2) Connections to colleagues and resources are important and appreciated (e.g., email, computer technical support, office and lab space). 3) Despite being at the same university, experiences were not consistent in how they acquired and subsequently renewed positions. 4) While there were many positive experiences shared, some respondents expressed disappointment, concern, anger and even fear, as well as having a sense of not being supported or even ignored. 5) There is an apparent misunderstanding of the designations, access to resources, and resulting expectations and roles. 6) Finally, all were positive about the opportunities to make changes to: nurture a sense of belonging of Senior Scholars and Professors Emeriti; acknowledge their efforts and achievements; create opportunities for increased participation; and ultimately foster a model workplace for retired academics.