bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertex Deletion into Bipartite Permutation Graphs
Authors: Bożyk Łukasz , Derbisz Jan , Krawczyk Tomasz , Novotná Jana , Okrasa Karolina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA permutation graph can be defined as an intersection graph of segments whose endpoints lie on two parallel lines $$\ell _1$$

ℓ
1

and $$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

, one on each. A bipartite permutation graph is a permutation graph which is bipartite. In this paper we study the parameterized complexity of the bipartite permutation vertex deletion problem, which asks, for a given n-vertex graph, whether we can remove at most k vertices to obtain a bipartite permutation graph. This problem is $$\mathsf {NP}$$
NP
-complete by the classical result of Lewis and Yannakakis [20]. We analyze the structure of the so-called almost bipartite permutation graphs which may contain holes (large induced cycles) in contrast to bipartite permutation graphs. We exploit the structural properties of the shortest hole in a such graph. We use it to obtain an algorithm for the bipartite permutation vertex deletion problem with running time $${\mathcal {O}}(9^k \cdot n^9)$$

O
(

9
k

·

n
9

)

, and also give a polynomial-time 9-approximation algorithm.
Factors associated with masticatory function as measured with the Mixing Ability Test in patients with head and neck cancer before and after treatment: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Vermaire Jorine A. , Raaijmakers Cornelis P. J. , Monninkhof Evelyn M. , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Speksnijder Caroline M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
After treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), patients often experience major problems in masticatory function. The aim of this prospective cohort study among patients with HNC was to investigate which personal and clinical factors are associated with masticatory function from diagnosis up to 2 years after treatment with curative intent.

Methods
Masticatory function was measured using the Mixing Ability Test (MAT) before treatment (baseline), and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. A linear mixed-effects model with a random intercept and slope was conducted to investigate changes over time and the association with personal (sex, age) and clinical (tumor site, tumor stage, treatment modality) factors as measured at baseline.

Result
One-hundred-twenty-five patients were included. The prevalence of masticatory dysfunction was estimated at 29% at M0, 38% at M3, 28% at M6, 26% at M12, and 36% at M24. A higher (worse) MAT score was associated with age, tumor stage, tumor site, timing of assessment, and the interaction between assessment moment and tumor site.

Conclusion
In patients with HNC, masticatory function changed over time and dysfunction was associated with a higher age, a tumor in the oral cavity, a higher tumor stage, and a shorter time since treatment. The prevalence of masticatory dysfunction ranged from 26 to 38%.
Upcycling discarded cellulosic surgical masks into catalytically active freestanding materials
Authors: Reguera Javier , Zheng Fangyuan , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Lizundia Erlantz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak has resulted in the massive fabrication of disposable surgical masks. As the accumulation of discarded face masks represents a booming threat to the environment, here we propose a solution to reuse and upcycle surgical masks according to one of the cornerstones of the circular economy. Specifically, the non-woven cellulosic layer of the masks is used as an environmentally sustainable and highly porous solid support for the controlled deposition of catalytically active metal-oxide nanoparticles. The native cellulosic fibers from the surgical masks are decorated by titanium dioxide (TiO2), iron oxide (FexOy), and cobalt oxide (CoOx) nanoparticles following a simple and scalable approach. The abundant surface –OH groups of cellulose enable the controlled deposition of metal-oxide nanoparticles that are photocatalytically active or shown enzyme-mimetic activities. Importantly, the hydrophilic highly porous character of the cellulosic non-woven offers higher accessibility of the pollutant to the catalytically active surfaces and high retention in its interior. As a result, good catalytic activities with long-term stability and reusability are achieved. Additionally, developed free-standing hybrids avoid undesired media contamination effects originating from the release of nanoscale particles. The upcycling of discarded cellulosic materials, such as the ones of masks, into high-added-value catalytic materials, results an efficient approach to lessen the waste´s hazards of plastics while enhancing their functionality. Interestingly, this procedure can be extended to the upcycling of other systems (cellulosic or not), opening the path to greener manufacturing approaches of catalytic materials.

Graphical abstract
A novel approach to upcycle discarded cellulosic surgical masks is proposed, providing a solution to reduce the undesired accumulation of discarded face masks originating from the COVID-19 pandemic. The non-woven cellulosic layer formed by fibers is used as solid support for the controlled deposition of catalytically active titanium dioxide (TiO2), iron oxide (FexOy), and cobalt oxide (CoOx) nanoparticles. Cellulosic porous materials are proven useful for the photocatalytic decomposition of organic dyes, while their peroxidase-like activity opens the door to advanced applications such as electrochemical sensors. The upcycling of cellulose nonwoven fabrics into value-added catalytic materials lessens the waste´s hazards of discarded materials while enhancing their functionality.
Effects of a coal phase-out in Europe on reaching the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Vögele S. , Govorukha K. , Mayer P. , Rhoden I. , Rübbelke D. , Kuckshinrichs W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral European countries plan to phase out coal-fired power plants in order to reach their greenhouse gas abatement targets. Additionally, the phase-out will bring about so-called ancillary effects or co-effects. In our study, we focus on the co-effects induced in the countries that export coal to Europe. Furthermore, we examine the ancillary effects imposed on China as a major supplier of technologies (like solar energy technologies) that will replace coal-fired power plants. Using a combination of an input-output model, econometric analysis and employing the concept of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, we assess impacts of coal phase-out policies on environmental, economic, and societal dimensions. Our results show that despite negative impacts on income and employment in coal-exporting countries, a phase-out of coal-fired power plants is linked with multiple positive effects. In particular, we observe improvements in water management and biodiversity conservation, reduced release of pollutants, and improvements on a societal level. However, even if we consider a reduction in the use of coal in the European steel production sector as an additional challenge, these positive impacts on coal exporting countries remain rather small. The same applies to the effects we observe for China.
Dilatonic effect in double field theory cosmology
Authors: Liu Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article we discuss some aspects of double field theory cosmology with an emphasis on the role played by the dilaton. The cosmological solutions of double field theory equations of motion after coupling a shifted dilaton to them are investigated. The equations of motion for a constant shifted dilaton and a constant usual dilaton in an FRW universe are obtained. The solutions of these equations are obtained in both the supergravity frame and in the winding frame. We also consider three possible dark energy candidates in a 4D universe using double field theory cosmology and find some basic conditions which the three dark energy candidates should satisfy. We consider the results for a more general potential of shifted dilaton as well.
Highly ordered pure and indium-incorporated MCM-41 mesoporous adsorbents: synthesis, characterization and evaluation for dye removal
Authors: Khaled Rabab K. , Wahba Mohammed A. , Badry Magda D. , Zawrah M. F. , Heikal E. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHighly ordered pure MCM-41 and In-MCM-41 mesoporous adsorbents (with Si/In = 95 (IM0.05) and Si/In = 90 (IM0.1)) were synthesized using the hydrothermal-assisted method. The structural, morphological and texture characteristics were investigated by XRD, N2adsorption–desorption, SEM-EDX, TEM, diffuse reflectance (DR) and FTIR. The broadening XRD diffraction peaks as well as the shifts to higher and lower 2-theta in IM0.05 and IM0.1, respectively, confirmed the incorporation of indium atoms in the MCM-41 structure. SEM-EXD and TEM images showed that pure MCM-41 and IM0.05 preserve a highly long-range well-ordered hexagonal pore structure, on the other hand, high loading of indium (IM0.1) resulted in partially irregular pore-ordering and morphological defects related to a partial dissolution of MCM-41 structure. The infrared spectra of In-incorporated samples showed a decrease in the transmittance intensity of MCM-41 characteristic peaks with little shifts relative to the pure MCM-41 sample. The potential of pure MCM-41 and In-MCM-41 samples for adsorption of dyes was preliminarily investigated. The removal efficiency of both methylene blue and basic yellow-28 (BY28) was enhanced by the incorporation of indium in the MCM-41. The adsorption equilibrium data of BY28 dye on pure, IM0.05 and IM0.1 samples fitted well with Langmuir adsorption model with adsorption capacity of 123.46, 156.99 and 158.48 mg g−1respectively. The calculated free adsorption energy obtained from D–R isotherm was found to be 26.7 kJ mol−1referring to that the adsorption of BY28 on IM0.05 adsorbent is chemical. The adsorption kinetic of BY28 on IM0.05 sample followed the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption experiments revealed that the prepared samples can be used as effective adsorbents for the removal of dyes in aqueous solutions with good recovery and recyclability.Graphical Abstract
The Gambling Behaviour and Attitudes to Sports Betting of Sports Fans
Authors: Seal Emma , Cardak Buly A. , Nicholson Matthew , Donaldson Alex , O’Halloran Paul , Randle Erica , Staley Kiera 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurvey responses from a sample of nearly 15,000 Australian sports fans were used to study the determinants of: (i) gambling behaviour, including if a person does gamble and the type of gambling engaged with; (ii) the number of sports and non-sports bets made over a 12-month period; and (iii) attitudes towards betting on sports. The probability of betting on sports decreased with increasing age and was lower for women and people with a university education. This gender difference varied with age, with the greatest difference found among the young. Similar effects were observed for the number of sports bets made, which declined with age. The gender difference in the number of sports bets also varied with age with the greatest difference found among the young arising from the high propensity of young men to bet on sports. Attitudes to sports betting were also analysed, with a key finding that, within friendship circles, the views that sports betting is perceived as harmless, common and very much a part of enjoying sports were stronger among young men. These permissive attitudes were stronger among people who bet on sports and those who bet on sports more frequently. The analysis of sports fans provides insights into the characteristics of the target market most likely to bet on sports, which can be used to inform public health initiatives and harm reduction campaigns.
Vitamin D regulation of immune function during covid-19
Authors: Bikle Daniel D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCovid-19 has to date infected a confirmed 275 million people with 5.4 million, now dead, with the count rising every day. Although the virus, SARS-CoV2, causing Covid-19 infects many cells in the body, its infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract (upper airway epithelia and pulmonary alveolar pneumocytes and macrophages) causing what is now called a cytokine storm in the lungs is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. This results from a dysregulation of the innate immune system with an outpouring of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines leading to abnormal activation of the adaptive immune pathway. Airway epithelia constitutively expresses CYP27B1, the enzyme producing the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D, and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) for which 1,25(OH)2D is the ligand. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages, on the other hand, are induced to express both CYP27B1 and VDR by various pathogens including viruses and cytokines released from infected epithelia and other immune cells. Although not demonstrated for corona viruses like SARS-CoV2, for other viruses and other respiratory pathogens activation of innate immunity leading to increased local 1,25(OH)2D production has been shown to enhance viral neutralization and clearance while modulating the subsequent proinflammatory response. Whether such will be the case for SARS-CoV2 remains to be seen, but is currently being proposed and investigated. This mini review will discuss some of the mechanisms by which vitamin D may help reduce morbidity and mortality in this devastating pandemic.
Telephone Access Management in Primary Care: Cross-Case Analysis of High-Performing Primary Care Access Sites
Authors: Chuang Emmeline , Bonilla Amy , Stockdale Susan , Das Aditi , Yano Elizabeth M. , Rose Danielle 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Background
Primary care telephone access has been associated with patient satisfaction and emergency department utilization even after accounting for objective appointment wait times. However, relatively little is known about how to best structure and manage telephone access in primary care.

Objective
Assess how primary care telephone access is structured and managed and explore how variation in telephone management may affect primary care teams and patients.

Design
We used 2016 administrative and patient survey data to select six Veterans Administration medical centers (VAMCs) with above-average primary care access (time to third next available appointment) but variable patient-reported access, geographic region, and urbanicity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted August –October 2017.

Participants
Forty-three key stakeholders knowledgeable about primary care, telephone management, and operational priorities nationally and/or within each VAMC.

Key Results
Telephone access was organized and managed differently across sites. Regional call centers were perceived as more efficient but less flexible in tailoring processes to meet local needs. Patient preferences for speaking with their own care teams were cited as a reason to manage telephone access locally rather than regionally, particularly in rural sites. Sites with high patient-rated access described call center functions as well-integrated with primary care team workflow, while those with low patient-rated access perceived telephone management practices as negatively affecting primary care team workload. Call center understaffing was a major barrier to optimal telephone access in all six sites, though rural sites reported greater challenges with provider recruitment and retention.

Conclusions
In VA, efforts to improve telephone access have focused on centralizing call center operations but current call center performance metrics do not account for the extent to which call center functions are integrated with primary care workflows or may impact patient experience. Efforts to improve primary care access should carefully consider impact of telephone management practices on providers and patients.
Effect of field pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Asch.) and pea-oat (Avena sativa L.) biculture cover crops on high tunnel vegetable under organic production system
Authors: Domagała-Świątkiewicz I. , Siwek P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn general, adaptation of cover cropping in crop rotation practices to organic tunnels by methods supporting soil health and quality has not yet been fully optimized. Effect of field pea and pea-oat cover crops to soil physicochemical properties and cash crop quality was assessed in an organic high tunnel in southern Poland in 2016–2017, with the following planting sequence: spring cover crops/tomato/romaine lettuce/green bean/iceberg lettuce. The sole pea produced a lower aboveground biomass (3.06 t ha−1) than the pea-oat mixture (4.17 t ha−1), and the N content in their biomass was 155 kg N ha−1 and 136 kg N ha−1, respectively. The results indicated that a high residue input from cover crops was important for soil organic carbon stock, for retaining plant-available N in organic matter, and for improving soil physical properties, especially wet aggregate stability. We observed an increase in soil pH and the availability of some mineral nutrients in the soil under cover crop treatments, especially Ca, Mg, K, and P. N uptake by the subsequent cash crop significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with pea than with pea-oat biculture, and in the green manure formula than with the mulch treatment. Early spring cover cropping depressed the subsequent tomato yield, but enhanced green bean yield in the second year of cropping.
The Core Elements of Strength-Based Technology Programs for Youth on the Autism Spectrum: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence
Authors: Jones Matthew , Falkmer Marita , Milbourn Ben , Tan Tele , Bölte Sven , Girdler Sonya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStrength-based programs that incorporate technology have gained increasing popularity as an approach to improve outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite this, the core elements of strength-based technology programs remain poorly described. This study aimed to identify the core elements of strength-based technology programs for youth with ASD through a systematic review of the literature. Electronic databases were searched for qualitative studies delivering strength-based technology-driven interventions to youth on the spectrum. Ten of the 874 studies identified met the criteria. Qualitative analysis revealed three core elements of strength-based technology programs for this population: mutual respect, demonstrating skills, and interests. The findings underpin the design of future strength-based technology programs for youth with ASD.
Phase change and crystallization behavior of water in biological systems and innovative freezing processes and methods for evaluating crystallization
Authors: Parandi Ehsan , Pero Milad , Kiani Hossein 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe phase change of water occurs in biological samples during freezing and introduces significant changes to the processed materials. The phase change phenomenon includes complex processes at the macro and micro levels. At molecular levels, water undergoes a rate-limiting nucleation stage to form templates for the next step called crystal growth. The rate and interaction of these two stages play an essential role in the characteristics of the process and the products. Technically, crystal size distribution and its control through processing parameters are linked to the properties of products. Thus, understanding the interactions between water phase change steps, evaluating the effects of crystallization and ice crystals features, and employing novel techniques to control and monitor nucleation and crystal growth stages is essential for improved frozen products quality. Finding the moisture behavior information with direct and indirect measurements can describe crystals in multi-perspectives, providing practical knowledge on the mechanisms of the freezing process. Moreover, innovative novel freezing technologies improve the crystallization process during the freezing of foods. This review focuses on an overview of the water phase change and crystallization process. Specific emphasis was placed on modeling approaches, the measuring methods, and novel accelerating and suppression of nucleation and ice crystals growth.
Quantifying the Water‐to‐Melt Mass Ratio and Its Impact on Eruption Plumes During Explosive Hydromagmatic Eruptions
Authors: Hajimirza Sahand , Jones Thomas J. , Moreland William M. , Gonnermann Helge M. , Thordarson Thor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe interaction of magma with external water commonly enhances magma fragmentation through the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy and results in an increased production of fine‐grained volcanic tephra. Magma‐water interaction is thus of importance for hazard mitigation on both a local and a regional scales. The relative proportion of water that interacts with magma, quantified as the water‐to‐melt mass ratio, is thought to determine the efficiency of thermal to mechanical energy conversion, termed the fragmentation efficiency. Here, we analyze the pyroclast size distributions from the 10th century Eldgjá fissure eruption in Iceland, where parts of the fissure erupted subglacially and other erupted subaerially. The subglacially erupted magma passed through a column of glacial meltwater, resulting in a larger proportion of finer pyroclast sizes relative to the subaerially erupted, purely magmatic tephra. This finer grain size distribution has been attributed to quench‐granulation induced by enhanced cooling upon interaction with external water. We hypothesize that the additional fragmentation (surface) energy required to produce the finer grained hydromagmatic deposits is due to the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy associated with the entrainment of water into the volcanic jet, as it passed through a column of subglacial melt water. Based on field and granulometry data, we estimate that the interaction of the volcanic jet with the meltwater provided an additional fragmentation energy of approximately 3–14 kJ per kg of pyroclasts. We numerically model the hydrofragmentation energy within a jet that passes through a layer of meltwater. We find that the water‐to‐melt mass ratio of entrained water required to produce the additional fragmentation energy is in the range of 1–2, which requires a minimum ice melting rate of 104 m3 s−1. Our simulation results show that the water‐to‐melt ratio is an important parameter that controls the ascent of plume in the atmosphere.
Suppression of Ozone Formation at High Temperature in China: From Historical Observations to Future Projections
Authors: Ning Guicai , Wardle David A. , Yim Steve Hung Lam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOzone suppression (OS) – negative correlation between ozone (O3) and temperature above a cutoff temperature (Tx) – has yet to be fully understood, causing large uncertainties in future global O3 projection. Given China's serious air pollution and large population, its future O3 projection has important implications on global population health. The level of OS in China under climate change needs to be better understood. We assess OS in China and develop hybrid models with OS to project future O3 using downscaled climate projections. In 2015–2019, ∼19% of cities in China show OS, of which 80% has Tx > 34°C. Moreover, O3 is projected to suppress more and up to 11.75% of future regional O3 in high‐emission scenarios in the late 21st century. Our findings highlight the essentiality to incorporate OS into chemical transport models for more accurate future O3 projection.