bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving Optimal Heath Data Impact in Rural African Healthcare Settings: Measures to Barriers in Bukomansimbi District, Central Uganda
Authors: Chraish Miiro , Ndawula Josephine Caren , Enoch Musudo , Peace Nabuuma Olivia , Norman Mpaata Charles , Shamim Nabukenya , Alex Akaka , Olivia Bebembeire , Douglas Sanya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background

Health data is one of the most valuable assets in health service delivery yet one of the most underutilized in especially low-income countries. Health data is postulated to improve health service delivery through availing avenues for optimal patient management, facility management, and public health surveillance and management. Advancements in information technology (IT) will further increase the value of data, but will also call for capacity readiness especially in rural health facilities.
We aimed to understand the current knowledge, attitudes and practices of health workers towards health data management and utilization.

Methods

We conducted key informant interviews (KII) for health workers and data staff, and focus group discussions (FGD) for the village health teams (VHTs). We used both purposive and convenience sampling to recruit key informants, and convenience sampling to recruit village health teams. Interviews and discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. We manually generated the codes and we used thematic analysis to identify the themes. We also developed a reflexivity journal.

Results

We conducted a total of 6 key informant interviews and 3 focus group discussions of 29 participants. Our analysis identified 7 themes: One theme underscored the health workers’ enthusiasm towards an optimal health data management setting. The rest of the six themes resonated around working remedies to the systemic challenges that grapple health data management and utilization at facilities in rural areas. These include: Building human resource capacity; Equipping the facilities; Improved coordination with partners; Improved data quality assurance; Promotion of a pull supply system and Reducing information relay time.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal a plethora of systematic challenges that have persistently undercut optimal routine health data management and utilization in rural areas and suggest possible working remedies. Health care workers express enthusiasm towards an optimal health management system but this isn’t matched by their technical capacity, facility readiness, systems and policy willingness. There is an urgent need to build rural lower facilities’ capacity in health data management and utilization which will also lay a foundation for exploitation of information technology in health.
Insulin and Early Debridement keys to survival of COVID 19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) patients- An Experience from tertiary care hospital In India
Authors: Thakur Neha , Misra Maitreyi , Misra Samir , Misra Shyambhavi , Shukla Devesh Kumar , Singh Arvind Kumar , Dheer Yadvendra , Mch DrVaibhav Jaiswal , Raipur Narendra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Amid the second wave of COVID 19 India witnessed a surge of mucormycosis cases. This worsened the already existing health emergency. India a diabetic capital had all the favourable factors to support the growth of black fungus. This study was conducted with objectives of ascertaining patient characteristics, clinical type of mucormycosis, predisposing factors, predictors of survival and long term outcome of survivors.Materials and Methods:An ambispective study of COVID 19 associated mucormycosis patients admitted in mucor ward of tertiary care hospital between May 2021- August 2021 was done. Study was approved by Institute Ethical Committee. Demographic characteristics, presence of risk factors, clinical sign and symptoms, mode of diagnosis, treatment given, final outcome and long term follow up for a period of 1 year from discharge was done.Results367 COVID 19 associated mucormycosis (CAM )patients were included in the study. 72.5%(n = 266) were men and 27.5% (n = 101) were females. Mean age group was 51.3 years (SD 12.4 years). Most important comorbidity was diabetes( n = 320,87.2%), followed by cardiovascular disease (n = 68, 18.5%) and hypertension (n = 58,15.8%). Other predisposing factors were use of oxygen (n = 367,100%), antibiotics( n = 213,58%) and steroids (n = 272, 74.1%). Dexamethasone was the most commonly used steroid (n = 218,59.4%). Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis was the most common type. 83.7% patients (n = 307) survived and 16.3% (n = 60) succumbed to illness. Kaplan Meir survival analysis curve showed use of insulin (p = 0.025), early debridement ( p < 0.05) significantly increased survival rate. Similarly patients with lesions involving, face (p < 0.05) and nose (p = 0.014) had much better outcome as compared to disseminated forms. Only 96 patients remained in follow up. Of these patients no significant alteration in metabolic profile was noted and they remained euglycemic on oral hypoglycaemics.Conclusion: Early debridement and insulin use are keys to improved survival. Oxygen, Steroids and antibiotics are the risk factors for mucormycosis. Diabetes is the most important comorbidity.
The Chinese version of the Functionality Appreciation Scale: Psychometric properties and measurement invariance across sex and age
Authors: He Jinbo , Cui Tianxiang , Barnhart Wesley , Chen Gui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose

The present work examined the psychometric properties of the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) among four Chinese samples of different ages. The invariance of the FAS across sex and age was also tested.

Methods

Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted to confirm the factorial structure of the FAS among the four Chinese samples of different ages, including middle school adolescents (n = 894, Mage = 12.17 years), high school adolescents (n = 1347, Mage = 15.07 years), young adults (n = 473, Mage = 21.95 years), and older adults (n = 313, Mage = 67.90 years), and the invariance of the FAS across sex and age. Cronbach’s α was used to measure internal consistency, while correlations with theoretically related measures were employed to assess construct validity.

Results

The FAS had a unidimensional structure and was invariant across sex and age groups. The FAS presented sound psychometric properties in all age groups by sex, with good internal consistency reliability [e.g., high Cronbach’s α values (.91 ~ .97)] and good construct validity. Moreover, group comparisons showed minimal sex differences in functionality appreciation. However, significant age differences were found in functionality appreciation, with older ages generally associated with higher functionality appreciation.

Conclusion

Overall, the FAS proved to be a sound instrument to be used in the Chinese context; and functionality appreciation was found to be higher in older adults than adolescents or young adults, suggesting the potentially important role of aging in functionality appreciation.
Level of Evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study
The Effect of Decentralized Services on Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Care in Sub- Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Achayo Meckie , Larbi Yaw-Awuku , Mall Sumaya , Ibisomi Latifat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, is a significant public health concern. MDR-TB care has transitioned from being centralized where inpatient care provided at specialized facilities to being decentralized, where the focus is on outpatient care provided at the community. This review aims to synthesize results of studies on the effect of decentralizing MDR- TB care on the accessibility of services and patient treatment outcomes in sub- Saharan Africa (SSA).
Methods
A systematic review which synthesized observational studies, interrupted time series and cost analyses from SSA, published between 2011 and 2021 was conducted. Five databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, Global health, Scopus and Global Index Medicus (WHO)) were searched to identify eligible studies. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool for observational studies and the CHEERS checklist for cost evaluation studies.
Results
Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. In SSA, decentralization of MDR-TB care has been suggested to improve utilization and cost of MDR-TB services. The treatment cost has reduced and volume of patients utilizing both diagnostic and treatment services has increased in all countries represented by the studies. Increased successful treatment as well as reduction in patients who are lost to follow up have also been suggested to be outcomes of decentralizing MDR-TB treatment services within SSA.
Conclusion
In resource limited settings such as those in SSA, studies have suggested that decentralizing MDR-TB services is beneficial as it enables increased utilization of diagnostic and treatment services at lower service delivery costs. High retention into care and treatment success rates are also suggested to be better achieved and maintained when using decentralized approaches than centralized approaches.
Multi-modal Vision-and-Language Analysis of Communication Deficits due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Ziming , Collier Parker , Paek Eun Jin , Yoon Si On , Casenhiser Devin , Zhou Wenjun , Simpson Skylar , Zhao Xiaopeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that referential communication tasks (RCTs) can be used to detect language deficits in people with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This study carried out a multi-modal vision-and-language analysis on data produced during RCT. Using the CLIP model, we calculated the association between the transcripts of image descriptions collected in RCTs and the images being described. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine the differences between people with AD and cognitively healthy older adults. The analysis results are significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, the results vary significantly across different experimental conditions in the cognitively healthy group, but not in the AD group. This paper is the first study on multi-modal vision-language analysis of RCTs using CLIP. The study reveals communication deficits in vision-language association in people with AD. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential of using CLIP for automatic dementia screening using interactive image-based description tasks
Survival of People with Cystic Fibrosis in Australia
Authors: Ruseckaite Rasa , Salimi Farhad , Earnest Arul , Bell Scott C , Douglas Tonia , Frayman Katherine , Keatley Lucy , King Susannah , Kotsimbos Tom , Middleton Peter G , Morey Sue , Mulrennan Siobhain , Schultz Andre , Wainwright Claire , Ward Nathan , Wark Peter , Ahern Susannah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Survival statistics, estimated using data from national cystic fibrosis (CF) registries, inform the CF community and monitor disease progression. This study aimed to estimate survival among people with CF in Australia and to identify factors associated with survival. This population-based cohort study used prospectively collected data from 23 Australian CF centres participating in the Australian CF Data Registry (ACFDR) from 2005-2020. Period survival analysis was used to calculate median age of survival estimates for each 5-year window from 2005-2009 until 2016-2020. The overall median survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Between 2005-2020 the ACFDR followed 4,601 people with CF, noting 516 (11.2%) deaths including 195 following lung transplantation. Out of the total sample, more than half (52.5%) were male and 395 (8.6%) had undergone lung transplantation. Two thirds of people with CF (66.1%) were diagnosed before six weeks of age or by newborn/prenatal screening. The overall median age of survival was estimated as 54.0 years (95% CI: 51.0–57.04). Estimated median survival increased from 48.9 years (95% CI: 44.7–53.5) for people with CF born in 2005-2009, to 56.3 years (95% CI: 51.2–60.4) for those born in 2016-2020. Factors independently associated with reduced survival include being F508del homozygous, receiving a lung transplant, having low FEV1pp and BMI. Median survival estimates are increasing in CF in Australia. This likely reflects multiple factors, including newborn screening, improvement in diagnosis, refinements in CF management and centre-based multidisciplinary care.
Allyl bromide-enabled diversification of strong C(sp3)-H bonds: From stoichiometric reactions to catalysis
Authors: Ye Ziqi , Yu Ying , Lin Yu-Mei , Chen Yuehua , Song Silin , Gong Lei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of practical approaches to the selective functionalization of strong, neutral C(sp3)-H bonds, such as those in petroleum-derived hydrocarbons, is of general interest but remains a remarkable challenge in synthetic chemistry. We here report a photochemical system employing allyl bromides as versatile reagents or pre-catalysts in the presence of sodium fluoride. Diverse C(sp3)-H functionalization of alkanes, cycloalkanes and other relatively unreactive substances has been achieved from stoichiometric to catalytic variants ¬(TON up to 3300), furnishing a variety of allylated, heteroarylated, alkylated, hydrazinated and aminated products in good yields and with high chemo- and site-selectivity. Binary NaF-allyl bromide adducts generated in situ appear to play essential roles, in that they can act as visible light-active species, hydrogen atom transfer precursors and potential functionalization reagents. We expect that this transition metal- and photosensitizer-free strategy will provide a general platform for C-H diversification of hydrocarbon feedstocks and late-stage modification of lead compounds.
Effect of different atmospheres on microcosm biofilm formation and tooth demineralization
Authors: Braga Aline Silva , Kim Rafaela Ricci , Magalhães Ana Carolina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of different atmospheres on the cariogenic potential of microcosm biofilms. Ninety bovine enamel and 90 dentin specimens were allocated into three atmospheres: 1) microaerophilia (5 days, 5% CO2); 2) anaerobiosis (5 days, jar); 3) mixed (2 days microaerophilia and 3 days anaerobiosis), which were subdivided into 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control- CHX) and Phosphate-Buffered Saline (negative control- PBS) (n = 15). Biofilms were prepared using human saliva and McBain's saliva containing 0.2% sucrose. From the second day, the specimens were treated with CHX or PBS (1 x 1 min/day). After five days, colony-forming units (CFU) were counting and tooth demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR). Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey–Sidak’s test (p < 0.05). Regarding CFU counting, most atmospheres were able to differentiate between CHX and PBS (differences of 0.3–1.48 log10 CFU/ml), except for anaerobiosis and microaerophilia for total microorganisms in enamel and dentin biofilm, respectively. In the case of dentin, no effect of CHX on Lactobacillus spp. was observed. All atmospheres were able to differentiate between CHX and PBS regarding enamel demineralization, showing lower mineral loss and lesion depth for CHX (78% and 22% reductions for enamel and dentin, respectively). The enamel mineral loss data did not differ between the models; however, the enamel lesion depth was greater under anaerobiosis. Dentin mineral loss was lower under anaerobiosis than under other atmospheres. Conclusion: The choice of atmosphere did not seem to interfere with the cariogenic potential of the microcosm biofilm.
Tibial Spine Height Measured by Radiograph is A Risk Factor for Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Males: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Nie Shixin , Chen Jiaxing , Zhang Hua , Zhao Pei , Yan Wenlong , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the relationship between non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and tibial spine width or height and to verify whither the relationships vary from males to females.
Design: Retrospective case-control study, level of evidence III.
Methods: Ninety-six patients with non-contact primary ACL injuries and 96 patients with intact ACL were recruited in our institution from 2017 to 2019. The patients were divided into male and female subgroups. The tibial plateauwidth (TPW), medial and lateral tibial spine height(MTSH and LTSH, respectively), and tibial spine width (TSW) were measured by radiographs. The ratios of TSW/TPW, LTSH/TPW, and MTSH/TPW were used to normalize these length parameters. We compared these parameters between subgroups. Binary regression mode, receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the contributions of the parameters to ACL injury.
Results: The median value of TSW/TPW was smaller in the study group than in the control group (15.2% vs. 17.3%, P<0.001). The ratio of LTSH/TPW was larger in ACL-injured patients (median, 12.0%) than in ACL-intact controls (median, 11.6%) (P=0.015). The LTSH/TPW (P=0.007) and MTSH/TPW(P=0.002) were larger in males (12.3% and 12.9%, respectively) than in females (11.6% and 11.9%, respectively) in the study group. In males, the LTSH/TPW had an AUC of 0.709 for ACL injury. The LTSH/TPW and MTSH/TPW revealed significant ORs of 1.73 (95% CI [1.29-2.33], P<0.001) and 1.53 (95% CI [1.16-2.03], P=0.003) for ACL injury in males, respectively.
Conclusions: When taking individual differences into account, the tibial spine height varies from male to female in patients with ACL injury and is a risk factor for ACL injury in males. The influence of the increased lateral tibial spine height in patients with ACL, male patients in particular, on the impingement between the grafts and lateral tibial spine warrants further investigation.
Myo1b promotes premature endothelial senescence and dysfunction via suppressing autophagy: implications for vascular aging
Authors: Yu Yi , Ren Yuanyuan , Li Yang , Li Yirong , Zhang Yan , Gui Runlin , Cui Yue , Qian Lu , Xiong Yuyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Topical tranexamic acid can be used safely even in high risk patients: deep vein thrombosis examination using routine ultrasonography of 510 patients
Authors: Joo Yong Bum , Kim Young Mo , An Byung Kuk , Lee Cheol Won , Kwon Soon Tae , Song Ju-Ho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous studies regarding tranexamic acid (TXA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) investigated only symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or did not include high risk patients. The incidence of DVT including both symptomatic and asymptomatic complications after applying topical TXA has not been evaluated using ultrasonography.
Methods: Medical records of 510 patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA between July 2014 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Because TXA was routinely applied through the topical route, those who had history of venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, or cerebral vascular occlusive disease were not excluded. Regardless of symptom manifestation, DVT was examined at 1 week postoperatively for all patients using ultrasonography, and postoperative transfusion rate was investigated. The study population was divided according to the use of topical TXA. After the two groups were matched based on the propensity scores, the incidence of DVT and the transfusion rate were compared between the groups.
Results: Of the 510 patients comprising 298 patients in the TXA group and 212 patients in the control group, DVT was noted in 22 (4.3%) patients. Two patients had DVT proximal to the popliteal vein. After propensity score matching (PSM), 168 patients were allocated to each group. 11 patients in the TXA group and 7 patients in the control group were diagnosed with DVT, which did not show a significant difference (p=0.721). However, the two groups differ significantly in the transfusion rate (p<0.001, 50.0% in the TXA group, 91.7% in the control group).
Conclusion: The incidence of DVT, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, was not affected by the use of topical TXA. Postoperative transfusion rate was reduced in the TXA group. Topical TXA could be applied safely even in patients who had been known to be at high risk.
Identifying new psychoactive substances (NPS) using drug checking services: An innovative observational study design
Authors: Grifell Marc , Mir Guillem , Estelrich-Azubide Roger , Ventura Mireia , Galindo Liliana , Guilanyà Josep , Fornís Iván , Gil Cristina , Roldán Maria , Carbón Xoán , Barratt Monica J , Farré Magí , Colom Francesc , Pérez Víctor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite the proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in recent years, there are many gaps in our understanding of the phenomena. Current methodologies still fail to provide timely and scientifically reliable knowledge between controlled trials and online data reports that lack analytical confirmation of the reported substances. This study tests a new online, collaborative, observational methodology for tracking the emergence of NPS. It involves conducting laboratory analysis of community-submitted NPS samples using a naturalistic approach.
Methods
Participants were recruited from online communities of people who claim to use NPS. They were asked to send and report on the substances they would have taken independently of the study participation. They received free drug-checking services for the samples sent during the data collection. Participants were also asked to complete multiple online questionnaires to provide information about the analysed NPS samples. Comprehensive literature reviews of the analysed samples were conducted to assess the importance of the results.
Results
Participants sent 136 sample submission questionnaires. Ninety-two were followed by the laboratory analysis of a submitted NPS sample. Only 54 of those analysed NPS samples completed all the study protocols. Forty different NPS were identified in the laboratory analysis. Of those, 13 substances had no previous reports in the scientific literature as new psychoactive substances. Another 12 substances had no available peer-reviewed data regarding their subjective effects. Only one opioid and no synthetic cannabinoids were detected.
Conclusions
The confirmed identification of 13 previously unreported NPS demonstrates the capacity of the current methodology to identify potentially emerging NPS. Despite the vast diversity of substances submitted, the most common NPS types (e.g., cannabinoids and opioids) were not found. Altogether, these results warrant further research to consolidate the favourable impact of monitoring the NPS market using this innovative methodology.