bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community incidence patterns drive the risk of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and alter intervention impacts in a high-risk institutional setting
Authors: Moore Sean M. , España Guido , Perkins T. Alex , Guido Robert M. , Jucaban Joaquin B. , Hall Tara L. , Huhtanen Mark E. , Peel Sheila A. , Modjarrad Kayvon , Hakre Shilpa , Scott Paul T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOptimization of control measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in high-risk institutional settings (e.g., prisons, nursing homes, or military bases) depends on how transmission dynamics in the broader community influence outbreak risk locally. We calibrated an individual-based transmission model of a military training camp to the number of RT-PCR positive trainees throughout 2020 and 2021. The predicted number of infected new arrivals closely followed adjusted national incidence and increased early outbreak risk after accounting for vaccination coverage, masking compliance, and virus variants. Outbreak size was strongly correlated with the predicted number of off-base infections among staff during training camp. In addition, off-base infections reduced the impact of arrival screening and masking, while the number of infectious trainees upon arrival reduced the impact of vaccination and staff testing. Our results highlight the importance of outside incidence patterns for modulating risk and the optimal mixture of control measures in institutional settings.DisclaimerThe views expressed are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the positions of the U.S. Army, the Department of Defense, or the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.
Strengthening response coordination through public health emergency operations centers in Africa: Lessons learned from 56-week webinar sessions, 2020-2021
Authors: Eteng Womi , Lilay Abrham , Tekeste Senait , Mankoula Wessam , Collard Emily , Waya Chimwemwe , Rosenfeld Emily , Wilton Chuck Menchion , Muita Martin , McGinley Liz , Kawe Yan , Abdullah Ali , Halm Ariane , Li Jian , Lokossou Virgil L , Kanoute Youssouf , Sonko Ibrahima , Aragaw Merawi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundFollowing the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on 11 March 2020, in-person events including trainings were canceled to limit the spread of the pandemic. A virtual learning program was established in May 2020 by Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and other partners to strengthen COVID-19 response coordination through the public health emergency operations centers (PHEOCs). We present a review of the webinar series, the experience, and the lessons learned.MethodA data extraction tool was developed to retrieve data from the Africa CDC’s webinar data repository. Major findings were synthesized and described per thematic area.ResultsA total of 12,715 (13% of the 95,230 registrants) attended the 56 PHEOC webinar sessions between June 2020 and December 2021 and 47% of the attendees came from 17 countries. Of those who attended, 8,528 (70%) were from Africa. The webinars provided 97 learning hours with an average length of 1.18 hours per session. On average, there were 235 attendees per session. In addition, there was an average of 26 interactions between participants and facilitators per session. A total of 4,084 (44%) of the participants (9,283) responded to the post-session surveys, with over 95% rating the webinar topics as being relevant to their work, contributed to improving their understanding of PHEOC operationalization, and with extensive ease of comprehension.ConclusionThe virtual training served the intended audience given the high number of participants from African member states, with satisfactory feedback on training relevance. We highlighted a just-in-time, progressively adaptive experience in delivering a PHEOC/PHEM virtual learning in Africa with a consequential global audience at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Heterogeneity of treatment effect of higher dose dexamethasone by geographic region in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia - Apost hocevaluation of the COVID STEROID 2 trial
Authors: Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar , Granholm Anders , Myatra Sheila N , Jha Vivekanand , Hammond Naomi , Micallef Sharon , Munch Marie Warrer , Kjær Maj-Brit N , Møller Morten Hylander , Lange Theis , Perner Anders , Venkatesh Balasubramanian ,   the COVID-STEROID 2 collaborators
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-STEROID 2 trial found high probability of benefit with dexamethasone 12 mg vs. 6 mg daily among patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. There was suggestion of heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE)between patients enrolled from Europe vs. India on the primary outcome. Whether there was HTE by geographical region for the remaining prespecified patient-important outcomes is unclear.MethodsWe evaluated HTE by geographical region (Europe vs. India) for all secondary outcomes assessed in the trial with analyses adjusted for stratification variables. The results are presented as risk differences (RDs) or mean differences (MDs) with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) and P-values from interaction tests.ResultsWe found HTE for mortality at day 28 (RD for Europe -8.3% (99 % CI: -17.7 to 1.0) vs. RD for India 0.1% (99% CI: -10.0 to 10.0)), mortality at day 90 (RD for Europe -7.4% (99% CI: -17.1 to 2.0) vs. RD for India -1.4% (99% CI:-12.8 to 9.8)), mortality at day 180 (RD for Europe -6.7% (99%CI:-16.4 to 2.9) vs. RD for India -1.0% (99%CI:-12.3 to 10.3)), and number of days alive without life support at day 90 (MD for Europe 6.1 days (99% CI:-1.3 to 13.4) vs. MD for India 1.7 days (99% CI:-8.4 to11.8)). For serious adverse reactions, the direction was reversed (RD for Europe -1.0% (99% CI:-7.1 to 5.2) vs. RD for India -5.3% (99% CI: -16.2 to 5.0). For HRQoL outcomes, MD in EQ-5D-5L index values was 0.08(99%CI: -0.01 to 0.16) for Europe and 0.02(99%CI:-0.10 to 0.14) for India. For EQ VAS, MD was 4.4(95%CI:-3.1 to 11.9) for Europe and 2.6(99%CI:-9.0 to 14.2) for India. P values for all tests of interaction were ≥0.12.ConclusionsIn thispost hocexploratory analysis, we found that higher dose dexamethasone may have lower beneficial effects for patients in India as compared with those in Europe without an increase in serious adverse reactions.
Sinonasal disease among patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia – an international study
Authors: Lam Yin Ting , Papon Jean-François , Alexandru Mihaela , Anagiotos Andreas , Armengot Miguel , Boon Mieke , Burgess Andrea , Crowley Suzanne , Dheyauldeen Sinan Ahmed. D. , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Eralp Ela Erdem , van Gogh Christine , Gokdemir Yasemin , Gunaydın Onder , Haarman Eric G. , Harris Amanda , Hayn Isolde , Ismail-Koch Hasnaa , Karadag Bülent , Kempeneers Céline , Kim Sookyung , Latzin Philipp , Lorent Natalie , Ozcelik Ugur , Pioch Charlotte , Poirrier Anne-Lise ML , Reula Ana , Roehmel Jobst , Yiallouros Panayiotis , Goutaki Myrofora 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough most patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) report sinonasal symptoms, little is known about symptom frequency and severity. We describe sinonasal manifestations among PCD patients using data from the Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) Prospective International Cohort of PCD patients.MethodsWe included data from participants with routine clinical ENT examinations and complete FOLLOW-PCD symptoms questionnaires from the same visit or within 2 weeks. We compared the prevalence, reported symptoms, and clinical findings among children and adults and identified potential factors associated with increased risk of sinonasal disease using ordinal regression.ResultsWe included 397 (53% male) participants from 12 centres with median age 15 years (IQR 9– 22). Almost all (352; 89%) reported chronic nasal symptoms. More adults (34; 26%) than children (11; 5%) reported anosmia or hyposmia. Among 140 participants who completed SNOT-22 questionnaires, quality of life was moderately affected by sinonasal symptoms (median score 31; IQR 22–45). We observed nasal polyps among 52 (15%) of 352 participants and hypertrophic inferior nasal turbinates among 129 (34%) of 353 participants; facial pain was recorded among 51 (13%) of 353 participants. More adults than children had nasal polyps, hypertrophic turbinates, deviated septum, and facial pain. We found age 10 and older the only factor associated with increased risk of sinonasal disease.ConclusionsOur study reinforces the importance of regular sinonasal evaluations for patients of all ages with PCD and the need for developing evidence-based guidelines for sinonasal treatments as part of overall PCD management.
Process Model of Emotion Regulation-Based Digital Intervention for Emotional Problems — A mixed methods feasibility study
Authors: Qu Diyang , Liu Dongyu , Cai Chengxi , Yu Jiaao , Zhang Quan , Liu Kunxu , Zhang Xuan , Wei Ziqian , Tan Jiajia , Cui Zaixu , Zhang Xiaoqian , Chen Runsen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current study explored the feasibility of a newly developed self-guided digital intervention program TEA (Training for Emotional Adaptation) in alleviating depressive and anxiety symptoms, corresponding to the urgent call for remote mental health service. It is one of a few studies which adapted from theoretical models with effective intervention techniques. The first part involved 11 professional mental health practitioners giving feedback on the feasibility; while the second part involved a single-arm study with 32 participants recruited online, who went through the seven intervention sessions. The questionnaires were collected before, after, 14-days after and 30-days after the intervention. Moreover, 10 participants were invited to semi-structured interviews. Practitioners thought the TEA showed high professionalism (8.91/10) and is suitable for treating emotional symptoms (8.09/10). The Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model showed that the TEA significantly reduced their psychological symptoms, while the effects of the intervention were retained for 30-day post intervention (Cohen’s d >1). Thematic analysis revealed three main themes about future improvement, including content improvement, interaction improvement and bug-fixing. Taken together, current study supported the effectiveness of TEA, with the potential to address the urgent need for remote mental health service. Future randomized controlled trials to confirm the effectiveness are required.
Accelerated absorption of regular insulin administered via a vascularizing permeable microchamber implanted subcutaneously in diabeticRattus norvegicus
Authors: Steyn Leah V. , Drew Delaney , Vlachos Demetri , Huey Barry , Cocchi Katie , Price Nicholas D. , Johnson Robert , Putnam Charles W. , Papas Klearchos K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Type 1 diabetes patients, even ultra-rapid acting insulins injected subcutaneously reach peak concentrations in 45 minutes or longer. The lag time between dosing and peak concentration, as well as intra- and inter-subject variability, render prandial glucose control and dose consistency difficult. We postulated that insulin absorption from subcutaneously implantable vascularizing microchambers would be significantly faster than conventional subcutaneous injection. Male athymic nudeR. norvegicusrendered diabetic with streptozotocin were implanted with vascularizing microchambers (single chamber; 1.5 cm2 surface area per side; nominal volume, 22.5 µL). Plasma insulin was assayed after a single dose (1.5 U/kg) of diluted insulin human (Humulin®R U-100), injected subcutaneously or via microchamber. Microchambers were also implanted in additional animals and retrieved at intervals for histologic assessment of vascularity. Following conventional subcutaneous injection, the mean peak insulin concentration was 22.7 (SD 14.2) minutes. By contrast, when identical doses of insulin were injected via subcutaneous microchamber 28 days after implantation, the mean peak insulin time was shortened to 7.50 (SD 4.52) minutes. Peak insulin concentrations were similar by either route; however, inter-subject variability was reduced when insulin was administered via microchamber. Histologic examination of tissue surrounding microchambers showed mature vascularization on days 21 and 40 post-implantation. Implantable vascularizing microchambers of similar design may prove clinically useful for insulin dosing, either intermittently by needle, or continuously by pump including in “closed loop” systems, such as the artificial pancreas.
Immunogenicity and durability against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 variants at 3 to 4 months after a heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccine in healthy adults with a two-doses CoronaVac vaccination
Authors: Assawakosri Suvichada , Kanokudom Sitthichai , Suntronwong Nungruthai , Chansaenroj Jira , Auphimai Chompoonut , Nilyanimit Pornjarim , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Thongmee Thanunrat , Duangchinda Thaneeya , Chantima Warangkana , Pakchotanon Pattarakul , Srimuan Donchida , Thatsanatorn Thaksaporn , Klinfueng Sirapa , Sudhinaraset Natthinee , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Honsawek Sittisak , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesSeveral countries have authorized a booster vaccine campaign to combat the spread of COVID-19. Data on persistence of booster vaccine-induced immunity against new Omicron subvariants are still limited. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the serological immune response of COVID-19 booster after CoronaVac-priming.MethodsA total of 187 CoronaVac-primed participants were enrolled and received an inactivated (BBIBP), viral vector (AZD1222) or mRNA vaccine (full-/half-dose BNT162B2, full-/half-dose mRNA-1273) as a booster dose. The persistence of humoral immunity both binding and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and Omicron was determined on day 90– 120 after booster.ResultsA waning of total RBD immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, anti-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 variants was observed 90–120 days after booster vaccination. Participants who received mRNA-1273 had the highest persistence of the immunogenicity response, followed by BNT162b2, AZD1222, and BBIBP-CorV. The responses between full and half doses of mRNA-1273 were comparable. The percentage reduction of binding antibody ranged from 50% to 75% among all booster vaccine.ConclusionsThe antibody response substantially waned after 90–120 days post-booster dose. The heterologous mRNA and the viral vector booster demonstrated higher detectable rate of humoral immune responses against the Omicron variant compared to the inactivated BBIBP booster. Nevertheless, an additional fourth dose is recommended to maintain immune response against infection.HighlightsThe persistence of antibody responses is different among three vaccine platforms.Highly remained antibody levels were observed with the mRNA and viral vector booster.The half-dose mRNA-1273 can be used interchangeably with the full-dose mRNA-1273.The neutralizing activity against BA.5 was lower than wild type and BA.2 subvariant.A fourth dose is recommended for individuals who received an inactivated booster.
Extracellular disintegration of viral proteins as an innovative strategy for developing broad-spectrum antivirals against coronavirus
Authors: Sun Ke , Ding Zhe , Jia Xiaoying , Cheng Haonan , Li Yingwen , Wu Yan , Li Zhuoyu , Huang Xiaohua , Pu Fangxu , Li Entao , Wang Guiyou , Wang Wei , Ding Yun , Wong Gary , Chiu Sandra , Lan Jiaming , Hu Aiguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed millions of lives worldwide, not to mention innumerable losses in the global economy and disruptions in social relationships. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art treatments still lag behind the fast emergence of new variants of concern. The key to resolve this issue is to develop broad-spectrum antivirals with innovative antiviral mechanisms in which coronaviruses are deactivated regardless of their variant development. Herein, we report a new antiviral strategy involving extracellular disintegration of viral proteins that are indispensable for viral infection with hyperanion-grafted enediyne molecules. The sulfate groups ensure low cellular permeability and rather low cytotoxicity of the molecules, while the core enediyne generates reactive radical species and causes significant damage to the spike (S) protein of coronavirus. The enediyne compounds exhibit antiviral activity at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations, and the selectivity index of up to 20,000 against four kinds of human coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant, suggesting the high potential of this new strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Genome-wide association study of placental weight in 179,025 children and parents reveals distinct and shared genetic influences between placental and fetal growth
Authors: Beaumont Robin N. , Flatley Christopher , Vaudel Marc , Wu Xiaoping , Chen Jing , Moen Gunn-Helen , Skotte Line , Helgeland Øyvind , Sole-Navais Pol , Banasik Karina , Albiñana Clara , Ronkainen Justiina , Fadista João , Stinson Sara Elizabeth , Trajanoska Katerina , Wang Carol A , Westergaard David , Srinivasan Sundararajan , Sánchez-Soriano Carlos , Bilbao Jose Ramon , Allard Catherine , Groleau Marika , Kuulasmaa Teemu , Leirer Daniel J. , White Frédérique , Jacques Pierre-Étienne , Cheng Haoxiang , Hao Ke , Andreassen Ole A. , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Atalay Mustafa , Bhatta Laxmi , Bouchard Luigi , Brumpton Ben Michael , Brunak Søren , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Ebbing Cathrine , Elliott Paul , Engelbrechtsen Line , Erikstrup Christian , Estarlich Marisa , Franks Steve , Gaillard Romy , Geller Frank , Grove Jakob , Hougaard David M , Kajantie Eero , Morgen Camilla S. , Nohr Ellen A , Nyegaard Mette , Palmer Colin NA , Pedersen Ole Birger ,   The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, Rivadeneira Fernando , Sebert Sylvain , Shields Beverley M. , Stoltenberg Camilla , Surakka Ida , Thørner Lise Wegner , Ullum Henrik , Vaarasmaki Marja , Vilhjalmsson Bjarni J , Willer Cristen J. , Lakka Timo A. , Gybel-Brask Dorte Jensen , Bustamante Mariona , Hansen Torben , Pearson Ewan R , Reynolds Rebecca , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Pennell Craig E , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Felix Janine F , Hattersley Andrew T. , Melbye Mads , Lawlor Deborah A. , Hveem Kristian , Werge Thomas , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Magnus Per , Evans David M , Jacobsson Bo , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Zhang Ge , Hivert Marie-France , Johansson Stefan , Freathy Rachel M. , Feenstra Bjarke , Njølstad Pål R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA well-functioning placenta is essential for fetal and maternal health throughout pregnancy. Using placental weight after term delivery as a proxy for placental growth, we report genome-wide association analyses in the fetal (n= 65,405), maternal (n= 61,228), and paternal (n= 52,392) genomes, yielding 40 independent association signals. Twenty-six signals are confidently classified as fetal only, four maternal only, and three fetal and maternal. A maternal parent-of-origin effect is seen nearKCNQ1. Genetic correlation and colocalization analyses reveal overlap with birth weight genetics, but twelve loci are classified as predominantly or only affecting placental weight, with connections to placental development and morphology, and transport of antibodies and amino acids. Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that fetal genetically mediated higher placental weight is causally associated with risk of preeclampsia or shorter gestational duration. Moreover, these analyses support a role for insulin produced by the fetus in regulating the growth of the placenta, providing a key link between fetal and placental growth.
Enhanced cholera surveillance as a tool for improving vaccination campaign efficiency
Authors: Xu Hanmeng , Zou Kaiyue , Dent Juan , Wiens Kirsten E. , Bwenge Espoir Malembaka , Hampton Lee M. , Azman Andrew S. , Lee Elizabeth C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSystematic testing forVibrio cholerae O1is rare, which means that the world’s limited supply of oral cholera vaccines may not be delivered to areas with the highest true cholera burden. We modeled how expandingV. choleraetesting affected vaccine impact and cost-effectiveness across different bacteriological confirmation and vaccine targeting assumptions. Systematic testing yielded higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness and slightly fewer averted cases than status quo scenarios targeting suspected cholera. With a 10 per 10,000 incidence rate targeting threshold, testing and status quo scenarios averted 10.3 (95% PI: 8.3-13.0) and 5.6 (95% PI: 4.6-6.7) cases per 1,000 FVPs, respectively. Comparing these scenarios, testing costs increased by $37 (95% PI: 29-52) while vaccination costs reduced by $376 (95% PI: 275-556) per averted case. Introduction of systematic testing into cholera surveillance could improve efficiency and reach of global OCV supply for preventive vaccination.
The network structure of hematopoietic cancers
Authors: Nakamura-García Arturo Kenzuke , Espinal-Enríquez Jesús 
Published: November 2022

Hematopoietic cancers (HCs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that affect blood, bone marrow and lymphatic system. Here, by analyzing 1,960 RNA-Seq samples from three independent datasets, we explored the co-expression landscape in HCs, by inferring gene co-expression networks (GCNs) with four cancer phenotypes (B and T-cell acute leukemia -BALL, TALL-, acute myeloid leukemia -AML-, and multiple myeloma -MM-) as well as non-cancer bone marrow. We characterized their structure (topological features) and function (enrichment analyses). We found that, as in other types of cancer, the highest co-expression interactions are intra-chromosomal, which is not the case for control GCNs. We also detected a highly co-expressed group of overexpressed pseudogenes in HC networks. The four GCNs present only a small fraction of common interactions, related to canonical functions, like immune response or erythrocyte differentiation. With this approach, we were able to reveal cancer-specific features useful for detection of disease manifestations.SignificanceWe demonstrate that gene co-expression is deregulated in four HC, observed by an elevated proportion of intrachromosome interactions in their GCNs with respect to their normal counterparts, and increased interactions between pseudogenes (more evident in AML). This deregulation might be associated with the age of the patients.
GlobalUsefulNativeTrees, a database of 14,014 tree species and their uses, supports synergies between biodiversity recovery and local livelihoods in landscape restoration
Authors: Kindt Roeland , Graudal Lars , Lilleso Jens-Peter , Pedercini Fabio , Smith Paul , Jamnadass Ramni 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTree planting has the potential to improve the livelihoods of millions of people as well as to support environmental services such as biodiversity preservation. Planting however needs to be executed wisely if benefits are to be achieved. We have developed the GlobalUsefulNativeTrees (GlobUNT) database to directly support the principles advocated by the ‘golden rules for reforestation’, including planting tree mixtures that maximize the benefits to local livelihoods and the diversity of native trees. Developed primarily by combining data from GlobalTreeSearch with the World Checklist of Useful Plant Species, GlobUNT includes 14,014 tree species that can be filtered for ten major use categories, across 242 countries and territories. In a subcontinental comparison GlobUNT revealed that Malesia had the highest useful tree species richness (3,349) and was also richest for materials (2,723), medicines (1,533), human food (958), fuel (734), environmental uses (632), social uses (614), animal food (443), poisons (322) and invertebrate food (266).