bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental findings in cone beam computed tomography volumes: Calcified head‐and‐neck atheromas detected during dental evaluation
Authors: Amarin Rula , Alshalawi Heba , Zaghlol Raja , Price Jeffrey B. , Driscoll Carl F. , Romberg Elaine , Masri Radi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeAtheromas can be detected incidentally in routine dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. This study aims to assess prevalence and risk factors associated with these vascular lesions.Materials and methodsThe maxillofacial CBCTs of 458 subjects were evaluated and divided into 4 groups based on the presence of calcified atheroma: subjects with no calcified atheroma, subjects with intracranial calcified atheroma (ICA), subjects with extracranial calcified atheroma (ECA), and subjects exhibiting combined lesions. Age, sex, medical conditions, family history, and size were documented. Analysis of variance followed by a multiple comparison test was used for data satisfying parametric test assumptions. Chi‐squared tests were used to assess categorical data. The Spearman Rho test was used to assess the correlation between the incidence of calcified atheroma and subjects’ medical condition.ResultsOf the 458 CBCTs evaluated, 29.90% presented with calcified atheroma. Calcified atheroma prevalence was significantly higher in older patients versus younger patients (p = 0.004) and in males compared to females (p = 0.004). Males were more likely to have the combination of ICA and ECA, whereas females were more likely to have ICA alone (p ≤ 0.040). Patients with calcified atheroma were significantly more likely to have a history of hyperlipidemia (p = 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.001), and myocardial infarction/coronary artery diseases (p = 0.001). Overall, patients exhibiting both intracranial and extracranial lesions were more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.001).ConclusionIncidentally detected calcified atheromas in CBCTs are common. Subjects with combined atheroma lesions are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease. The diagnosis of incidental calcified atheromas in CBCT's warrants early referral to medical specialists, especially if there is no medical history of existing cardiovascular disease.
Conceiving Mary's Agency: Towards a Barthian Mariology
Authors: de Stigter Christopher PAUL 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis essay argues for the possibility of a ‘Barthian’ Mariology particularly through an analysis of human agency. I first show that Karl Barth's articulation of Mary in I/2 of the Church Dogmatics marginalizes Mary's agency in part due to his anti‐Roman Catholic polemic and his gender binary. I then correct Barth with Barth by showing how his mature Christology advances an account of human agency commensurate with Mariology. With this Christological account of human agency established, I construct a genuinely ‘Barthian’ Mariology that shows her as the eschatological and prototypical human agent.
Multiple chromatin‐associated modules regulate expression of an intracellular immune receptor gene in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Leiyun , Wang Zhixue , Hua Jian 
Published: December 2022

Summary

The expression of an intracellular immune receptor gene SNC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF npr1, CONSTITUTIVE 1) is regulated by multiple chromatin‐associated proteins for tuning immunity and growth in Arabidopsis. Whether and how these regulators coordinate to regulate SNC1 expression under varying environmental conditions is not clear.

Here, we identified two activation and one repression regulatory modules based on genetic and molecular characterizations of five chromatin‐associated regulators of SNC1.

Modifier of snc1 (MOS1) constitutes the first module and is required for the interdependent functions of ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX‐RELATED 7 (ATXR7) and HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION 1 (HUB1) to deposit H3K4me3 and H2Bub1 at the SNC1 locus. CHROMATIN REMODELING 5 (CHR5) constitutes a second module and works independently of ATXR7 and HUB1 in the MOS1 module. HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 15 (HOS15) constitutes a third module responsible for removing H3K9ac to repress SNC1 expression under nonpathogenic conditions. The upregulation of SNC1 resulting from removing the HOS15 repression module is partially dependent on the function of the CHR5 module and the MOS1 module.

Together, this study reveals both the distinct and interdependent regulatory mechanisms at the chromatin level for SNC1 expression regulation and highlights the intricacy of regulatory mechanisms of NLR expression under different environment.
Facilitating viral vector movement enhances heterologous protein production in an established plant system
Authors: Wang Xu , Prokhnevsky Alexei I. , Skarjinskaia Marina , Razzak Md Abdur , Streatfield Stephen J. , Lee Jung‐Youn 
Published: December 2022

SummaryMolecular farming technology using transiently transformed Nicotiana plants offers an economical approach to the pharmaceutical industry to produce an array of protein targets including vaccine antigens and therapeutics. It can serve as a desirable alternative approach for those proteins that are challenging or too costly to produce in large quantities using other heterologous protein expression systems. However, since cost metrics are such a critical factor in selecting a production host, any system‐wide modifications that can increase recombinant protein yields are key to further improving the platform and making it applicable for a wider range of target molecules. Here, we report on the development of a new approach to improve target accumulation in an established plant‐based expression system that utilizes viral‐based vectors to mediate transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We show that by engineering the host plant to support viral vectors to spread more effectively between host cells through plasmodesmata, protein target accumulation can be increased by up to approximately 60%.
Allergic contact dermatitis to chlorhexidine‐containing antiseptics and their excipients in children: A series of six cases
Authors: Kefala Kalomoira , Ponvert Claude 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContact allergy to skin disinfectants is not often recognized in children. We report the cases of six children (1–16.5 years old) with allergic contact dermatitis to ingredients commonly contained in commercial antiseptic and cosmetic products. Patch test responses to chlorhexidine, benzyl alcohol, and benzalkonium chloride varied from one child to another one, but most children were sensitized to at least two components. In several of the cases, exposure had initially occurred in the neonatal period, but diagnosis occurred only after multiple reactions of increasing severity.
Quality of life and psychosocial outcomes of adults who were pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review
Authors: Laliberté Durish Christianne , Lin Jia , Pol Sarah J. , Damer Alameen , Anthony Samantha J. , Wray Jo , Gold Anna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe number of pediatric SOT recipients surviving into adulthood is increasing. Thus, understanding their psychosocial and QoL outcomes is important. We conducted a systematic review to collate existing literature examining QoL outcomes (physical functioning, psychological functioning, social functioning), as well as risk and protective factors associated with QoL, among adults who underwent SOT during childhood.MethodsA systematic search of five databases, from inception to January 6, 2021, was conducted to identify articles that reported on QoL outcomes for adults (≥18‐year of age) who received a SOT during childhood (<19‐year of age).ResultsTwenty‐five articles met inclusion criteria. Studies examined QoL across a range of SOT populations (liver, kidney, heart). QoL and psychosocial outcomes were variable; however, the majority of studies indicated QoL in this population to be similar to the general population, or at least similar to other chronic illness groups, with the exception of physical and social functioning. Factors related to a more optimal medical course, younger age at transplant and follow‐up, and positive psychosocial functioning, were found to be predictive of better QoL outcomes.ConclusionsWhile several studies indicated QoL to be similar to the general population, the literature is limited in both quantity and quality. No study employed prospective, longitudinal methodologies to systematically evaluate QoL over time and few studies utilized normative‐based measures of QoL. Furthermore, several SOT groups were under‐represented in the literature (e.g., lung, intestine, multi‐visceral). Nonetheless, findings have implications for intervention and clinical decision‐making.
Quorum sensing signals: Aquaculture risk factor
Authors: Priya P. Snega , Boopathi Seenivasan , Murugan Raghul , Haridevamuthu B. , Arshad Aziz , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBacteria produce several virulence factors and cause massive mortality in fish and crustaceans. Abundant quorum sensing (QS) signals and high cell density are essentially required for the production of such virulence factors. Although several strategies have been developed to control aquatic pathogens through antibiotics and QS inhibition, the impact of pre‐existing QS signals in the aquatic environment has been overlooked. QS signals cause detrimental effects on mammalian cells and induce cell death by interfering with multiple cellular pathways. Moreover, QS signals not only function as a messenger, but also annihilate the functions of the host immune system which implies that QS signals should be designated as a major virulence factor. Despite QS signals' role has been well documented in mammalian cells, their impact on aquatic organisms is still at the budding stage. However, many aquatic organisms produce enzymes that degrade and detoxify such QS signals. In addition, physical and chemical factors also determine the stability of the QS signals in the aqueous environment. The balance between QS signals and existing QS signals degrading factors essentially determines the disease progression in aquatic organisms. In this review, we highlight the impact of QS signals on aquatic organisms and further discussed potential alternative strategies to control disease progression.
Fertility results after exocervical insemination using goat semen cryopreserved with extenders based on egg yolk, skim milk, or soybean lecithin
Authors: Liang Jiachong , Larbi Allai , Lv Chunrong , Ali Sikandar , Wu Guoquan , Quan Guobo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of four extenders on the post‐thaw quality and fertility of goat semen, six Yunshang Black bucks' semen was collected, pooled, diluted with Andromed® (Andr®), Optidyl® (Opt®), P3644 Sigma l‐phosphatidylcholine (l‐α SL), and skim milk‐based (Milk) extenders, and then cryopreserved. The sperm motilities, abnormalities, membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated after thawing. After exocervical insemination with the thawed semen, the pregnancy, lambing, and twinning rates were recorded and compared. The results showed that sperm motilities, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and viable spermatozoa were significantly higher in the Andr® and Opt® groups than those in the l‐α SL and Milk groups (p < .05). Furthermore, there was no difference between Andr® and Opt® (p > .05). The sperm abnormality was lower in semen frozen with the Andr® or Opt® extenders, as compared to the l‐α SL or Milk extender (p < .05). Regarding, the viable cells with low ROS production, the optimal results were obtained in the semen frozen with Andr® and Opt® extenders. Following exocervical insemination, the pregnancy and lambing rates in the Milk group were significantly lower than those in the other groups (p < .05). No difference was found in the pregnancy and lambing rates between Andr®, Opt®, and l‐α SL (p > .05). Furthermore, the twinning rates were similar between these four groups (p > .05). In conclusion, egg yolk or skim milk can be substituted by soybean lecithin during cryopreservation of goat semen.
Reforms and education inequality in Ghana
Authors: Afoakwah Clifford , Deng Xin , Onur Ilke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyze the evolvement of education inequality and the gender gap in Ghana before and after two major education reforms. Using different measures of inequality, our findings suggest that the gender gap at the basic school level has closed following the introduction of the education expansion policies, but inequalities persist at the postbasic school levels and across regions. We further demonstrate that the educational expansion–schooling inequality nexus is best illustrated by an inverted U‐shaped Kuznets curve. We find that after an average of 6 years of schooling has been reached, inequality starts to decline, and gender equality can be achieved when the average years of schooling reach 9.
Hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme variant in 17 dogs
Authors: Banovic Frane , Olivry Thierry , Artlet Barbara , Rothstein Emily , Beco Luc , Linek Monika , Zabel Sonja , Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Welle Monika , Wilkes Rebecca , Austel Michaela , Linder Keith 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundA new canine subgroup defined as ‘old‐dog’ or ‘hyperkeratotic’ erythema multiforme (HKEM) with marked hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis has been proposed without any detailed description of larger case series.ObjectivesWe report herein the signalment, clinical signs, treatment outcome, and histopathological and immunological findings in 17 dogs with HKEM.AnimalsInclusion criteria were the presence of (i) scaly skin lesions with or without crusting; and (ii) microscopic lesions typical of EM (i.e. a panepidermal cytotoxic lymphocytic dermatitis with or without basal keratinocyte apoptosis); and (iii) microscopic ortho‐ and/or parakeratotic hyperkeratosis affecting the interfollicular epidermis.Materials and MethodsClinical questionnaires and skin biopsies were reviewed. Polymerase chain reactions for epidermotropic viruses and direct immunofluorescence were performed.ResultsVarious breeds were affected with an over‐representation of males in their mid‐to‐late adulthood (median age 9 years). Generalised skin lesions included multifocal‐to‐coalescing, linear and annular macules and plaques with erythema and adherent firm crusting. Microscopic lesions were specific for EM and featured prominent superficial epidermal apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis and parakeratosis. No drug triggers were identified. Polymerase chain reactions for canine herpesvirus polymerase gene, canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus were negative in all HKEM and canine erosive EM (15 dogs) biopsies. Lesions failed to respond to oral and/or topical antimicrobials. Complete remission of signs was achieved in 9 of 17 dogs (53%) using immunosuppressive regimens.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHyperkeratotic erythema multiforme (HKEM) is a chronic, persistent and clinically distinctive erythema multiforme (EM) variant that differs from ‘classic’ vesiculobullous erosive‐to‐ulcerative EM in dogs.
Posterior lens capsule rupture in non‐diabetic canine cataracts: Pre‐operative, intra‐operative, and post‐operative findings
Authors: Verloop Alexander B. W. , Read Robert A. , Anastassiadis Zoe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe clinical features of non‐diabetic canine cataracts with presumed pre‐existing posterior capsule rupture (PLCR) and their surgical outcomes.MethodsClinical records of 497 non‐diabetic canines that underwent elective cataract surgery were reviewed. Twelve canines met the inclusion criteria indicative of PLCR pre‐dating surgery.ResultsThe incidence of presumed pre‐existing PLCR was 12/497 (2.4%). Cataracts included were unilateral in 10 out of 12 canines (83.3%) and bilateral in the remaining two (16.7%). Four eyes (28.6%) had clinically detectable pre‐operative lens‐induced uveitis. The mean age at cataract diagnosis for cases included was 6.6 years, and golden retrievers were the most common breed affected (28.6%). Phacoemulsification surgery was performed at a median time of 110 days (range 17–403 days) after presentation. Pre‐existing PLCR was found intra‐operatively as a large ellipse spanning the posterior capsule from equator to equator centrally in 12 eyes and peripherally in two eyes. The capsular defect in all eyes with PLCR incorporated a distinct “pseudo‐capsule” preventing vitreal presentation and ruling out intraoperative surgeon rupture. Ten eyes (71.4%) received an intraocular lens implant (IOL), and 13 eyes (92.9%) maintained vision throughout a mean follow‐up period of 12 months.ConclusionPosterior lens capsule rupture of blunt trauma origin and associated cataract formation, as reported in humans, may also be an infrequent but distinct cause of some cases of non‐diabetic canine cataracts. Medical management of phacolytic uveitis and delayed phacoemulsification surgery may be beneficial by allowing time for “pseudo‐capsule” development, increasing the likelihood of IOL placement and improved visual outcomes.
Application of OSCE using a Virtual Assessment Platform
Authors: Kim Jeremiah Y. , AlDosari Muath A. , Park Sang 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: This study describes the development and implementation of a virtual objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) as an alternative to in-person OSCEs during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluates its efficacy and reception by students and faculty.Methods: The virtual OSCE was conducted over Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc. San Jose, CA) with students rotating through each discipline via Breakout Rooms. This study examined all 241 OSCE results from the HSDM classes of 2016-2022, with 170 in-person OSCE results and 71 virtual OSCE results. Descriptive and linear regression analysis were used to report the difference in OSCE experience and scores between virtual and in-person OSCEs.Results: Out of 100, the adjusted average score difference was 0.66 higher in virtual OSCE experience compared to in-person assessment, but it was not statistically significant (95%CI=-0.45, 1.78). A total of 35 students (49%) and 14 faculty responded to a survey regarding their virtual OSCE experience. Most students surveyed agreed that the virtual OSCE was effective (94%), accessible (97%), and should be offered post-pandemic (74%). The majority of faculty were neutral regarding the virtual OSCE as a comparable learning experience (76%) and in its accessibility (71%), and only 14% agreed that virtual OSCE should be offered in the future.Conclusion: The results show that the virtual OSCE can be a reasonable alternative to the in-person OSCE when primarily considering its clinical impact and suggest a viable role for virtual OSCE post-pandemic. Technological proficiency training could improve perceptions regarding future virtual OSCE implementation.
A Single Session of Mindfulness Meditation Expedites Immediate Motor Memory Consolidation to Improve Wakeful Offline Learning
Authors: Brown James O. , Chatburn Alex , Wright David L. , Immink Maarten A. 
Published: December 2022

Posttraining meditation has been shown to promote wakeful memory stabilization of explicit motor sequence information in learners who are experienced meditators. We investigated the effect of single-session mindfulness meditation on wakeful and sleep-dependent forms of implicit motor memory consolidation in meditation naïve adults. Immediately after training with a target implicit motor sequence, participants (N = 20, eight females, 23.9 ± 3.3 years) completed either a 10-min mindfulness meditation (N = 10) or a control listening task before exposure to task interference induced by training with a novel implicit sequence. Target sequence performance was tested following 5-hr wakeful and 15-hr postsleep periods. Bayesian inference was applied to group comparisons of mean reaction time (RT) changes across training, interference, wakeful, and postsleep timepoints. Relative to control conditions, posttraining meditation reduced RT slowing between target sequence training and interference sequence introduction (BF10 [Bayes factors] = 6.61) and supported RT performance gains over the wakeful period (BF10 = 8.34). No group differences in postsleep RT performance were evident (BF10 = 0.38). These findings illustrate that posttraining mindfulness meditation expedites wakeful, but not sleep-dependent, offline learning with implicit motor sequences. Previous meditation experience is not required to obtain wakeful consolidation gains from posttraining mindfulness meditation.
Novel 3D-Printed Alumina Monolith Catalysts for Hydroconversion of Tar
Authors: Lysikov A. I. , Vorobyeva E. E. , Polukhin A. V. , Lazarenko N. S. , Vdovichenko V. A. , Parkhomchuk E. V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on a novel method for the preparation of monolith catalysts using a 3D-printed matrix. The development included an investigation into potential approaches to improving the strength of alumina catalysts, 3D printing of a polymer matrix (template) with a specific channel structure, preparation of templated monolith catalysts, an examination of their physicochemical properties, and testing of these catalysts in hydroconversion of tar. Using an indirect template method, this study is the first to prepare a Al2O3 monolith catalyst with a Schwartz surface microstructure. The extrudate drying rate was found to be the most important parameter for the synthesis of high-strength catalysts. The activity of the monolith catalyst proved to be comparable—and in some parameters even markedly superior—to that of similar granular samples. The tar hydroconversion product consisted of super heavy oil with 2.8 wt % of sulfur.
Social mixing patterns in the UK following the relaxation of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, July–August 2020: a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Bridgen Jessica RE , Jewell Chris , Read Jonathan M 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo quantify and characterise non-household contact and to identify the effect of shielding and isolating on contact patterns.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsAnyone living in the UK was eligible to take part in the study. We recorded 5143 responses to the online questionnaire between 28 July 2020 and 14 August 2020.Outcome measuresOur primary outcome was the daily non-household contact rate of participants. Secondary outcomes were propensity to leave home over a 7 day period, whether contacts had occurred indoors or outdoors locations visited, the furthest distance travelled from home, ability to socially distance and membership of support bubble.ResultsThe mean rate of non-household contacts per person was 2.9 d-1. Participants attending a workplace (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 3.33, 95% CI 3.02 to 3.66), self-employed (aIRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.87) or working in healthcare (aIRR 5.10, 95% CI 4.29 to 6.10) reported significantly higher non-household contact rates than those working from home. Participants self-isolating as a precaution or following Test and Trace instructions had a lower non-household contact rate than those not self-isolating (aIRR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.79). We found limited evidence that those shielding had reduced non-household contacts compared with non-shielders.ConclusionThe daily rate of non-household interactions remained lower than prepandemic levels measured by other studies, suggesting continued adherence to social distancing guidelines. Individuals attending a workplace in-person or employed as healthcare professionals were less likely to maintain social distance and had a higher non-household contact rate, possibly increasing their infection risk. Shielding and self-isolating individuals required greater support to enable them to follow the government guidelines and reduce non-household contact and therefore their risk of infection.