bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malware detection method based on image analysis and generative adversarial networks
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Li Jiaqi , Liu Baoxu , Gao Xiaoling , Liu Ximeng 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMalware detection is indispensable to cybersecurity. However, with the advent of new malware variants and scenarios with few and imbalanced samples, malware detection for various complex scenarios has been a very challenging problem. In this article, we propose a malware detection method based on image analysis and generative adversarial networks, named MadInG, which can improve the accuracy of malware detection for insufficient samples, sample imbalance, and new variants scenarios. Specifically, we first generate fixed‐size grayscale images of malware to reduce the workload of feature engineering or the involvement of domain expert knowledge on malware detection. Then we introduce auxiliary classifier generative adversarial networks into malware detection to enhance the generalization ability of the detector. Finally, we construct a variety of malware scenarios and compare our proposed method with existing popular detection methods. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves high accuracy and well balance in malware detection for different scenarios, especially, the detection rate of malware variants reaches 99.5%.
Dehydrative Substitution Reaction in Water for the Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted Triarylmethanes: Synthesis, Aggregation‐Enhanced Emission, and Mechanofluorochromism
Authors: Yashwantrao Gauravi , Shetty Prapti , Maleikal Parimal J. , Badani Purav , Saha Satyajit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWater as a reaction media in chemical transformations has several advantages in terms of safety and non‐toxicity. However, dehydrative substitution reaction in water is a highly challenging operation. In this paper, we have reported a sulfamic acid‐mediated dehydrative substitution reaction of benzofuryl alcohols with several nucleophiles in water towards the scalable, easily isolable, synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted triarylmethanes (TRAMs) in good to excellent yields (up to 92 %). Moreover, we have demonstrated that rationally designed propellor‐shaped triarylmethanes promote aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) through restricted intramolecular rotation with irreversible mechanoflurochromic property.
Size spectrum model reveals importance of considering species interactions in a freshwater fisheries management context
Authors: Benoit David M. , Chu Cindy , Giacomini Henrique C. , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInland fisheries have a significant cultural and economic value around the globe, providing dietary protein, income, and recreation. Consequently, methods for monitoring and managing these important fisheries are continually being refined. In marine systems, multispecies size spectrum models have been increasingly used to explore management scenarios of important fish stocks within an ecosystem‐based fisheries management framework; however, these models have not been applied as extensively in freshwater systems. In this study, we developed a multispecies size spectrum model for the fish community of Lake Nipissing, a large, productive lake in Ontario, Canada. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fully calibrated multispecies size spectrum model for an inland fishery. Using this model, we explored the impacts of potential fishing regimes and management scenarios on fish community dynamics while taking species interactions into account. Specifically, we examined how changes in fishing mortality affect (1) species biomass, (2) community size structure, and (3) stock recovery times. We found that community dynamics following changes in fishing mortality were driven by complex interactions among species, including competition and predation. The greatest changes in biomass and community size structure were observed following changes in fishing mortality of top predators, with community size structure most strongly influenced by changes in the mortality of the largest species. Counter to predictions based on generation time, the smallest species in our model exhibited the longest time to recovery due to strong competition and predation. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering species interactions in the management of inland fisheries and highlight the potential of size spectrum model use in freshwater systems.
Evolution law and application of permeability in gob without coal pillar and self‐formed roadway
Authors: Liu Jinzhao , Chen Xiangjun , Feng Shuailong , Li Xinjian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRoof‐cutting and pressure‐releasing technology are used to cut out the pressure transmission line of the critical blocks in the roof, causing the roof to totally collapse in the gob, while the NPR large deformation anchor cable support keeps the highway in its self‐formed state. The gangue compactness has increased greatly when fully collapsed and filled to the gob's edge. At the end of the working face, the void ratio between rock blocks and the loose area is decreased, resulting in an observable shortening of the airflow disturbance distance at the working face and a change in the disaster gas accumulation law in the deep gob. It is critical to obtain the permeability characteristics of gob to avoid hazardous gas migration. The evolutionary model of the permeability of the mined‐out region is created based on the analysis of the movement law of the overburden strata and the collapsed law of the gangue in the gob, and the “Z” ventilation model is built to research the airflow law in the gob. The following are the key conclusions reached: The 0–10 m airflow exchange zone is severe, the 10–45 m airflow return face is weak, the 45–190 m section airflow exchange is weak, and the 190–280 m section airflow confluence gob enhances the top corner's weak air area. The 0–50 m part of the self‐formed Roadway has a wide air leakage channel, and good sealing methods have a significant impact on air leakage in the working face. The two‐dimensional model constructed by comprehensive quantification of the main controlling factors, such as broken‐expand, pressure, and filling degree, can represent the law of gas migration in the panel to a significant extent, and the reliability of the permeability evolution law is confirmed through data comparison and analysis.
Energy‐efficient routing in low power and lossy networks with concurrent overlapping RPL instances
Authors: Jaisooraj J. , Madhu Kumar S. D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) has cut across different fields in the information and communication technology domain. Such a remarkable surge in popularity has indeed marked its stamp in the number of IoT applications getting developed. These applications rely on a solid backing in the low power and lossy networks (LLNs), which is a crucial IoT‐enabling technology. This results in more than one application being performed on top of the same network. Such a scenario is mentioned by the Internet Engineering Task Force, in its description regarding the IPv6 routing protocol for LLNs (RPL), as multiple active routing instances sharing an LLN. The issue becomes more interesting when these instances have overlapping sets of nodes. This article presents a novel objective function (OF) named Multi‐OF that enables the creation of an energy‐efficient RPL instance in an LLN with concurrent overlapping instances. The optimization achieved by Multi‐OF can be attributed to the inclusion of a novel metric named packet energy correlation index (PECI) along with expected transmission count. The correlation provided by PECI gives an estimate regarding the ability of a node, in terms of the available residual energy, to handle the packets waiting in its queue (ie, packet buffer). The efficiency of the proposed OF has been justified through simulations conducted using Contiki‐COOJA, the results of which show improvements in terms of power consumption of nodes, packet delivery ratio, number of preferred parent changes per node, packet overhead, end‐to‐end delay, and jitter.
Polyamines and ethylene interact in mediating the effect of nitrogen rates on synthesis of amino acids in rice grains
Authors: Xu Yunji , Tang Shupeng , Jian Chaoqun , Liu Yang , Li Ke , Zhu Kuanyu , Zhang Weiyang , Wang Weilu , Wang Zhiqin , Yang Jianchang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) is one of the essential factors influencing amino acid synthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains. Polyamines (PAs) and ethylene (ETH) play vital roles in grain amino acid biosynthesis of rice. However, knowledge is limited about whether and how PAs and ETH mediate the effect of N rate on amino acid biosynthesis. Two rice cultivars were used with three N rates of low (LN), medium (MN), and high (HN) in the study. Levels of free PAs and ETH, activities/gene expressions of key enzymes related to amino acid synthesis in grains, and the amino acid contents in milled rice were investigated. Free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) concentrations, especially ratios of free PAs to 1‐aminocylopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), and total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), and non‐essential amino acids (NEAAs) contents were increased with N rate, while ethylene evolution rate (EER) and ACC concentration were reduced with N increases. There was relatively little difference in the above parameters between MN and HN. Levels of free Spd and Spm, and their ratios to ACC exhibited significant and positive correlations with the activities/gene expressions of key enzymes related to amino acid biosynthesis, and TAAs, NEAAs, and EAAs contents, whereas ACC and EER levels had significantly negative correlations with those parameters. Exogenous Spd, Spm, or AVG (an ETH synthesis inhibitor) increased the enzymatic activities and gene expressions, whereas MGBG (a Spd or Spm synthesis inhibitor) or ethephon (an ETH‐releasing agent) exerted the opposite effect. These results demonstrated that free PAs and ETH antagonistically interact in mediating the effect of N rate on grain amino acid synthesis of rice. Higher ratios of free PAs to ACC could promote synthesis of amino acids in grains of rice.
Diet triggers specific responses of hypothalamic astrocytes in time and region dependent manner
Authors: Lutomska Luiza Maria , Miok Viktorian , Krahmer Natalie , González García Ismael , Gruber Tim , Le Thuc Ophélia , Murat Cahuê DB , Legutko Beata , Sterr Michael , Saher Gesine , Lickert Heiko , Müller Timo D. , Ussar Siegfried , Tschöp Matthias H. , Lutter Dominik , García‐Cáceres Cristina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHypothalamic astrocytes are particularly affected by energy‐dense food consumption. How the anatomical location of these glial cells and their spatial molecular distribution in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) determine the cellular response to a high caloric diet remains unclear. In this study, we investigated their distinctive molecular responses following exposure to a high‐fat high‐sugar (HFHS) diet, specifically in the ARC. Using RNA sequencing and proteomics, we showed that astrocytes have a distinct transcriptomic and proteomic profile dependent on their anatomical location, with a major proteomic reprogramming in hypothalamic astrocytes. By ARC single‐cell sequencing, we observed that a HFHS diet dictates time‐ and cell‐ specific transcriptomic responses, revealing that astrocytes have the most distinct regulatory pattern compared to other cell types. Lastly, we topographically and molecularly characterized astrocytes expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 in the ARC, of which the abundance was significantly increased, as well as the alteration in their spatial and molecular profiles, with a HFHS diet. Together, our results provide a detailed multi‐omics view on the spatial and temporal changes of astrocytes particularly in the ARC during different time points of adaptation to a high calorie diet.
The impact of family doctor system on patients' utilisation of general practitioner in primary care facilities—Evidence from Hangzhou, China
Authors: Yu Yang , Ye Aizhen , Chen Cen , Dai Weidong , Liu Xu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to examine whether participating in the contracted family doctor system increases patients' utilisation of primary care general practitioner for multiple disease outcomes in China.MethodsBinary logistic regression models were estimated using data collected from 372 community residents in nine selected districts of Hangzhou, China.ResultsFindings revealed that (1) for patients with influenza, diabetes, upper respiratory infection, and gingivitis, those who participated in the contracted family doctor system were approximately 4.3 times, 98.4%, 92.5%, and 52.8% more likely to choose primary care general practitioners (GP) for their initial diagnosis, respectively, as compared with their counterparts who did not have contracted family doctors; (2) For patients with stroke or cerebrovascular disease and cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, those who had contracted family doctors were 1.111 times and 80.6% more likely to choose primary care GP for their subsequent disease maintenance, respectively, as compared to their counterparts without contracted family doctors.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the contracted family doctor system not only increases the utilisation of primary care GP for patients with many chronic conditions but also promotes the overall completion of China's hierarchical medical system in the long run. Policy implications were provided to help policymakers actively construct and develop the contracted family doctor system to promote the hierarchical medical system in China.
Combined identification of three lncRNAs in serum as effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fu Peng , Gong Binbin , Li Huiming , Luo Qing , Huang Zikun , Shan Renfeng , Li Junming , Yan Shaoying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV‐related HCC) is a common, highly invasive malignant tumor associated with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to identify the effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HBV‐related HCC. With HBV‐related HCC RNA‐sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, 159 differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) between HBV‐related HCC and para‐carcinoma normal samples were identified, and 12 lncRNAs were eventually assessed for deeper research. Classification analysis developed a three‐lncRNA signature of AC005332.5, ELF3‐AS1 and LINC00665, which was demonstrated to be the most discriminatory with an AUC (Area under the curve) value of 0.913 (95% CI: 0.8610‐0.9665) and verified in validation patients. The expression levels of AC005332.5, ELF3‐AS1 and LINC00665 were significantly changed with different tumor stages or grades. Survival analysis revealed that AC005332.5, ELF3‐AS1 and LINC00665 were highly associated with the prognosis of overall survival. Additionally, the lncRNA signature yielded statistical significance to predict clinical outcomes independently from other clinical variables in validation patients, as suggested in the multivariate Cox hazards analysis. Conclusively, a three‐lncRNA signature of AC005332.5, ELF3‐AS1 and LINC00665 may serve as an excellent diagnostic biomarker for HBV‐related HCC and potential prognostic significance for HBV‐related HCC sufferers.
Asset allocation, limited participation and flight‐to‐quality under ambiguity of correlation
Authors: Huang Helen Hui , Wang Yanjie , Zhang Shunming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates asset allocation decisions made by three types of traders depending upon incomplete information in market equilibrium. Limited participation phenomenon is observed in the equilibrium. Moreover, we show that traders with more information might not hold more risky assets than others who have less information. Less‐informed traders trade‐off between a diversification effect induced by risk‐averse attitude and a “flight‐to‐quality” effect by their aversion towards correlation ambiguity. In equilibrium, the magnitudes between equilibrium positions of different traders are affected by the true correlation coefficient, the upper‐bound correlation conceived by naive traders and the quality of risky assets simultaneously. In some scenarios, we observe that naive and uninformed traders “escape” from low‐quality assets to high‐quality ones.
Impact of alternative terminology for depression on help‐seeking intention: A randomized online trial
Authors: Smith Jenna , Cvejic Erin , Lal Tara J. , Fisher Alana , Tracy Marguerite , McCaffery Kirsten J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivePeople with depression experience barriers to seeking professional help. Different diagnostic terminology can influence people's treatment/management preferences. The aim of this study was to investigate how alternative depression diagnostic labels and recommendations impact help‐seeking intentions and psychosocial outcomes.MethodsParticipants (18–70 years) were recruited using an online panel (Australia) to complete a randomized controlled trial. They read a hypothetical scenario where they discussed experiencing depressive symptoms with their GP and were randomized to receive one of four diagnoses (“depression,” “burnout,” “functional impairment syndrome” [fictitious label], no label [control]), and one of two follow‐up recommendations (“clinical psychologist,” “mind coach”). Primary outcome: help‐seeking intention (5‐point scale, higher = greater intention); secondary outcomes: intention to speak to boss, self‐stigma, worry, perceived severity, illness perceptions, and personal stigma.ResultsA total of 676 participants completed the survey. There was no main effect of diagnostic label on help‐seeking intention or stigma outcomes. Intention to speak to a boss was higher with the depression compared to burnout label (MD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.14–0.66) and perceived severity was higher with the depression label compared to control (MD = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.22–0.74) and all other labels. Those who received the “clinical psychologist” recommendation reported higher help‐seeking intention (MD = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25–0.60) and treatment control (MD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.29–1.10) compared to the “mind coach” recommendation.ConclusionFindings highlight the success of efforts to promote help‐seeking from clinical psychologists for depression. If burnout is considered a separate diagnostic entity to depression, greater awareness around what such a diagnosis means may be needed. Future research should examine how different terminologies surrounding other mental health conditions impact help‐seeking and stigma.
Virtual Interview Day: An AEGD's approach and assessment of interviewing during a pandemic
Authors: Itaya Lisa E. , Heydari Amanda , Sands William C. , Okamura Mari Y. , Creasey Jean , Wong Allen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeA novel approach to interviewing for Advanced Education in General Dentistry residency positions became necessary during the COVID‐19 pandemic. An efficient, virtual interview schedule, including video faculty introductions and clinic tour, was devised and executed to replace in‐person interviews. The purpose of this study was to describe and assess this new way of managing virtual interviews.MethodsForty virtual interviews were conducted via a web‐based videoconferencing platform. Interviewers and applicants received surveys to be anonymously completed after interviews. The applicant survey gauged how helpful each component of the interview process was in their program ranking decision. The interviewer survey assessed time and knowledge needed for interviewing, clarity of instructions, and if they felt valued.ResultsThe response rate was 79% for applicants and 75% for interviewers. There was a high level of satisfaction from both applicants and interviewers. All interviewers reported that the team worked well together, instructions were clear, there was enough collective knowledge to answer questions, and they felt valued. There was a majority of positive responses for clarity of instructions and time with applicants. All applicants responded positively to correspondence with the Admissions Office, interview day instructions, informational PowerPoint, and sessions with the chief resident and program director. Regarding videos of faculty and clinic tour, there was a majority of positive responses. There were varying responses regarding the interview team being fair and nonthreatening. Lessons learned include reviewing on‐camera behavior with interviewers, detailing the interview format in applicants’ correspondence, requesting applicants photos in advance, allowing interviewers more time to study applicant material, and hosting a virtual happy hour for applicants and residents before the interview day.ConclusionOverall, the Virtual Interview Day successfully achieved the goals of applicant and program rank selection. Virtual interviews can be considered an alternative to in‐person interviews.
Transitioning from conventional to cover crop systems with minimum tillage does not alter nutrient loading
Authors: Badon Thomas , Czarnecki Joby M. Prince , Baker Beth H. , Spencer Dave , Hill Mark J. , Lucore Andrew E. , Krutz L. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNutrient loading from conventional row‐crop production systems impairs surface waterbodies in the mid‐southern United States. This study was conducted to determine whether minimum tillage and winter cover crops can decrease nutrient loading in surface runoff from conventionally tilled row‐crop fields. The effects of winter cover crops and minimum tillage on N and P loading from a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation system were investigated on production fields in northwestern Mississippi using a split‐field approach. As measured at the edge of the field, minimum tillage with cover crops had no effect on surface runoff from production fields regarding N or P loading (p > .10 for all nutrient loads), discharge (p > .10), or loss of suspended solids (p > .10). Minimum tillage and cover crops decreased sediment and nutrient concentrations in runoff for total N (p = .05) and total P (p = .09) but had no effect on other nutrients of interest. Although these practices decreased total N concentration by 36% in surface runoff to receiving waters, this reduction was only seen when aboveground cover crop biomass was present (p = .07). Regardless of the time of year, minimum tillage with cover crops decreased total P concentration in surface runoff by 27% (p = .09). These data indicate that it is unlikely that minimum tillage and cover crops will affect N and P loading while transitioning to a conservation production system in the mid‐southern United States.