bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, effectiveness, usability and acceptability of devices for female urinary incontinence: A scoping review
Authors: Cilluffo Silvia , Terzoni Stefano , Destrebecq Anne , Lusignani Maura 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesInvestigate evidence available on the efficacy, safety and acceptability of devices for the management of female urinary incontinence, in which clinical settings and specific female populations they have been tested. Learn more about healthcare professionals' perspectives and experiences regarding female urinary incontinence devices.BackgroundUrinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine, estimated to affect 25%–45% of women. Urinary incontinence predisposes the skin to urinary incontinence dermatitis, it is one of the most common documented causes of inappropriate urinary catheterisation, favouring catheter‐associated infection. Several products for managing female urinary incontinence are available, no accurate and systematic data on usability, effectiveness and associated outcomes of these products are available.Design and MethodsA scoping review was conducted, using a methodological framework including the following five steps: identification of the research question; identification of relevant documents; selection of documents included in the review; tracking of information and data; synthesis and reporting of results. Twenty‐one articles were selected. PRISMA‐ScR Checklist was followed.ResultsThe devices explored in the studies were as follows: female external urinary catheter; disposable sanitary pads, diapers or sanitary pads used to manage urinary incontinence in women; mechanical devices; a new prototype of underwear that tracks where pads lose; reusable underwear for light incontinence; a new intelligent system pad.ConclusionsNew smart pads, urine suction systems and female external catheters appear to be effective in preventing and reducing urinary incontinence dermatitis. The female external catheter reduces the days of indwelling catheterisation and could reduce the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection; therefore, it should be recommended.
Evaluation of dental practitioner habits with occlusal assessment and the clinical application of practical techniques in occlusion, amongst a cohort of participants based in the UK, South Africa, Malta and Malaysia
Authors: Mehta Shamir B. , Rizzo Daphne , Paulose Bryan , Botbol Alisa , Vijay Sadhvik , Arjuna Amar , Banerji Subir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is a lack of data relating to dental practitioners' habits with clinical occlusal assessment and the application of practical techniques in occlusion.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate habits with clinical occlusal assessment and the practical application of established concepts in occlusion amongst a cohort of international dentists.MethodsA piloted questionnaire with 20 statements was distributed by 5 recruiters. The recruiters were based in Malta (1), South Africa (1), Malaysia (1) and the UK (2). Outcomes were analysed using descriptives, chi‐squared and Fisher's exact test. All the analyses were carried out in Stata, Version 12. Significance was inferred at p < .05.ResultsFour hundred thirty‐five completed responses were included in the sample (response rate, 70.7%). Overall, high levels of agreement were reported with the provision of single‐unit crown and onlay restorations (78.8%) and bridge prostheses (up to 3 units, 77.9%), respectively. One‐third (33.6%) agreed to observing dynamic occlusal relationships during an adult patient dental examination, 40.7% reported using articulators for crown and bridge cases, and 25.1% agreed to taking facebow records. Under half (47.3%) of the dentists expressed dissatisfaction with their undergraduate training in occlusion, with no significant association with the variables of the number of years of experience, the country of practice or being in general practice (p ≥ .226).ConclusionThe results indicate a disparity between traditionally taught and applied concepts in clinical occlusion and the undertaking of occlusal assessments and the management of occlusion in clinical practice.
OSPE for non‐surgical aesthetic training programme
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Rahman Eqram 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundObjective structured practical examination (OSPE) has proven a reliable assessment tool in many specialities. Therefore, we aimed to construct an OSPE tool that could assess the clinical facial anatomy knowledge of non‐surgical aesthetic practitioners in a simulated environment.ApproachTen subject matter experts identified the themes individually with significant experience in teaching non‐surgical aesthetic practitioners. A consensus is then reached following extensive discussion to determine the final themes. After blueprinting, 25 stations were created comprising a single best answer with a clinical vignette and either a dissected Cephalus or a high‐resolution picture of a dissected Cephalus or a skull and a full‐face photograph of a patient. Finally, concurrent and construct validity were assessed for individual questions. Twenty‐five novices and 25 experts participated in the OSPE pilot. Each cycle lasted 45 minutes (90 seconds per station; 25 clinical and five rest stations). Internal reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha. In addition, the novices and experts group scores were compared, employing an independent t‐test.EvaluationThe mean item difficulty of the 25 questions was 0.65. There was a significant difference in the scores for experts (M = 48.56, SD = 1.003), novices (M = 33.60, SD = 3.18) and conditions; t (48) = 22.38, p = 0.000. These results suggest the construct validity and confirm the robustness of the OSPE set‐up to accomplish the learning outcomes.ImplicationWe successfully designed and validated OSPE as an assessment tool to examine non‐surgical aesthetic practitioners' clinical facial anatomy knowledge. We envisage using OSPE in our future programmes and encourage programme directors to integrate it into the postgraduate curriculum in non‐surgical aesthetics.
Cortico‐thalamocortical interactions for learning, memory and decision‐making
Authors: Perry Brook A. L. , Mendez Juan Carlos , Mitchell Anna S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe thalamus and cortex are interconnected both functionally and anatomically and share a common developmental trajectory. Interactions between the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and different parts of the prefrontal cortex are essential in cognitive processes, such as learning and adaptive decision‐making. Cortico‐thalamocortical interactions involving other dorsal thalamic nuclei, including the anterior thalamus and pulvinar, also influence these cognitive processes. Our work, and that of others, indicates a crucial influence of these interdependent cortico‐thalamocortical neural networks that contributes actively to the processing of information within the cortex. Each of these thalamic nuclei also receives potent subcortical inputs that are likely to provide additional influences on their regulation of cortical activity. Here, we highlight our current neuroscientific research aimed at establishing when cortico‐MD thalamocortical neural network communication is vital within the context of a rapid learning and memory discrimination task. We are collecting evidence of MD–prefrontal cortex neural network communication in awake, behaving male rhesus macaques. Given the prevailing evidence, further studies are needed to identify both broad and specific mechanisms that govern how the MD, anterior thalamus and pulvinar cortico‐thalamocortical interactions support learning, memory and decision‐making. Current evidence shows that the MD (and the anterior thalamus) are crucial for frontotemporal communication, and the pulvinar is crucial for frontoparietal communication. Such work is crucial to advance our understanding of the neuroanatomical and physiological bases of these brain functions in humans. In turn, this might offer avenues to develop effective treatment strategies to improve the cognitive deficits often observed in many debilitating neurological disorders and diseases and in neurodegeneration.
image
Novel types of frequency filtering in the lateral perforant path projections to dentate gyrus
Authors: Quintanilla Julian , Jia Yousheng , Lauterborn Julie C. , Pruess Benedict S. , Le Aliza A. , Cox Conor D. , Gall Christine M. , Lynch Gary , Gunn Benjamin G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite its evident importance to learning theory and models, the manner in which the lateral perforant path (LPP) transforms signals from entorhinal cortex to hippocampus is not well understood. The present studies measured synaptic responses in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mouse hippocampal slices during different patterns of LPP stimulation. Theta (5 Hz) stimulation produced a modest within‐train facilitation that was markedly enhanced at the level of DG output. Gamma (50 Hz) activation resulted in a singular pattern with initial synaptic facilitation being followed by a progressively greater depression. DG output was absent after only two pulses. Reducing release probability with low extracellular calcium instated frequency facilitation to gamma stimulation while long‐term potentiation, which increases release by LPP terminals, enhanced within‐train depression. Relatedly, per terminal concentrations of VGLUT2, a vesicular glutamate transporter associated with high release probability, were much greater in the LPP than in CA3–CA1 connections. Attempts to circumvent the potent gamma filter using a series of short (three‐pulse) 50 Hz trains spaced by 200 ms were only partially successful: composite responses were substantially reduced after the first burst, an effect opposite to that recorded in field CA1. The interaction between bursts was surprisingly persistent (>1.0 s). Low calcium improved throughput during theta/gamma activation but buffering of postsynaptic calcium did not. In all, presynaptic specializations relating to release probability produce an unusual but potent type of frequency filtering in the LPP. Patterned burst input engages a different type of filter with substrates that are also likely to be located presynaptically.
imageKey points
The lateral perforant path (LPP)–dentate gyrus (DG) synapse operates as a low‐pass filter, where responses to a train of 50 Hz, γ frequency activation are greatly suppressed.
Activation with brief bursts of γ frequency information engages a secondary filter that persists for prolonged periods (lasting seconds).
Both forms of LPP frequency filtering are influenced by presynaptic, as opposed to postsynaptic, processes; this contrasts with other hippocampal synapses.
LPP frequency filtering is modified by the unique presynaptic long‐term potentiation at this synapse.
Computational simulations indicate that presynaptic factors associated with release probability and vesicle recycling may underlie the potent LPP–DG frequency filtering.
Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Molecular Features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Tokura Momoko , Nakayama Jun , Prieto-Vila Marta , Shiino Sho , Yoshida Masayuki , Yamamoto Tomofumi , Watanabe Naoaki , Takayama Shin , Suzuki Yutaka , Okamoto Koji , Ochiya Takahiro , Kohno Takashi , Yatabe Yasushi , Suto Akihiko , Yamamoto Yusuke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor to invasive breast cancer. The frequency of DCIS is increasing because of routine mammography; however, the biological features and intratumoral heterogeneity of DCIS remain obscure. To address this deficiency, we performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). DCIS was found to be composed of several transcriptionally distinct subpopulations of cancer cells with specific functions. Several transcripts, including long noncoding RNAs, were highly expressed in IDC compared with DCIS and might be related to the invasive phenotype. Closeness centrality analysis revealed extensive heterogeneity in DCIS, and the prediction model for cell-to-cell interactions implied that the interaction network among luminal cells and immune cells in DCIS was comparable with that in IDC. In addition, transcriptomic profiling of HER2+ luminal DCIS indicated HER2 genomic amplification at the DCIS stage. These data provide novel insight into the intratumoral heterogeneity and molecular features of DCIS, which exhibit properties similar to IDC.

Significance:
Investigation of the molecular features of ductal carcinoma in situ at single cell resolution provides new insights into breast cancer biology and identifies candidate therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
Wireless Communication Between Paired Leadless Pacemakers for Dual-Chamber Synchrony
Authors: Cantillon Daniel J. , Gambhir Alok , Banker Rajesh , Rashtian Mayer , Doshi Rahul , Badie Nima , Booth Daniel , Yang Weiqun , Nee Peter , Fishler Matthew , Ligon David , Neuzil Petr , Knops Reinoud E. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Leadless pacemakers (LPs) can mitigate conventional pacemaker complications related to the transvenous leads and subcutaneous pocket surrounding the pulse generator. Although single-chamber leadless pacing has been established, multichamber pacing requires wireless bidirectional communication across multiple LPs to maintain synchrony. This preclinical study demonstrates the chronic performance of implant-to-implant (i2i) communication that achieves synchronous, dual-chamber pacing with 2 LPs.

Methods:
The i2i communication modality employs subthreshold electrical signals conducted between implanted LPs through the blood and myocardial tissue on a beat-by-beat basis. Right atrial and right ventricular LPs were implanted in 9 ovine subjects. The i2i transmission performance was evaluated 13 weeks after implant.

Results:
Right atrial and right ventricular LPs were implanted successfully and without complication in 9 ovine subjects. A total of 8715±457 right atrial-to-right ventricular and right ventricular-to-right atrial transmissions were sent per hour, with a success rate of 99.2±0.9%. Of periods with i2i communication failure when DDD pacing was not possible, 97.3±1.8% were resolved within 6 s.

Conclusions:
For the first time, synchronized, dual-chamber pacing has been demonstrated in a chronic preclinical feasibility study by 2 leadless pacemakers using beat-to-beat, wireless communication, achieving a success rate of 99.2%.
Association of Physical Activity With Bioactive Lipids and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Hoshi Rosangela A. , Liu Yanyan , Luttmann-Gibson Heike , Tiwari Saumya , Giulianini Franco , Andres Allen M. , Watrous Jeramie D. , Cook Nancy R. , Costenbader Karen H. , Okereke Olivia I. , Ridker Paul M , Manson JoAnn E. , Lee I-Min , Vinayagamoorthy Manickavasagar , Cheng Susan , Copeland Trisha , Jain Mohit , Chasman Daniel I. , Demler Olga V. , Mora Samia 
Published: July 2022

Background:
To clarify the mechanisms underlying physical activity (PA)-related cardioprotection, we examined the association of PA with plasma bioactive lipids (BALs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We additionally performed genome-wide associations.

Methods:

PA-bioactive lipid associations were examined in VITAL (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL)-clinical translational science center (REGISTRATION: URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01169259; N=1032) and validated in JUPITER (Justification for the Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin)-NC (REGISTRATION: URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00239681; N=589), using linear models adjusted for age, sex, race, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total-C, and smoking. Significant BALs were carried over to examine associations with incident CVD in 2 nested CVD case-control studies: VITAL-CVD (741 case-control pairs) and JUPITER-CVD (415 case-control pairs; validation).

Results:
We detected 145 PA-bioactive lipid validated associations (false discovery rate <0.1). Annotations were found for 6 of these BALs: 12,13-diHOME, 9,10-diHOME, lysoPC(15:0), oxymorphone-3b-D-glucuronide, cortisone, and oleoyl-glycerol. Genetic analysis within JUPITER-NC showed associations of 32 PA-related BALs with 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. From PA-related BALs, 12 are associated with CVD.

Conclusions:
We identified a PA-related bioactive lipidome profile out of which 12 BALs also had opposite associations with incident CVD events.
The Leviathan’s Playing: Retrospective on Mediations with Gray Whales in the Ojo de Liebre Lagoon (Mexico)
Authors: Velazco Fernando Martín 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
“The Leviathan’s Playing” cycle is a multidisciplinary research project interacting with gray whales in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon in the Baja California peninsula (Mexico). The project started with a single premise: to read poetry to the whales. After an encouraging initial response to human lyrical stimulus from these cetaceans, the cycle’s efforts were directed toward developing a mediation system with this species and attempting to understand their behavior during close interactions with humans. This paper discusses the project’s findings from 2017 to 2021.
The Invocation of the ‘Two-Year Rule’ at the International Seabed Authority: Legal Consequences and Implications
Authors: Singh Pradeep A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In June 2021, the Republic of Nauru invoked a treaty provision known as the ‘two-year rule’ at the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Effectively, this provision requires the Council of the ISA to complete the elaboration and adoption of the necessary regulations within two years if requested by a Member State whose national intends to apply for the approval of a plan of work for the exploitation of seabed minerals in the Area. If the Council is unable to complete the elaboration of the regulations within the prescribed time and an exploitation application is submitted, the Council would still have to ‘consider’ and ‘provisionally approve’ the same despite the absence of the exploitation regulations. This article undertakes a detailed analysis of the two-year rule, particularly underscoring its legal consequences and implications, as the ISA pushes forward in developing exploitation regulations in the light of its invocation.
Freedom of Religion and State Secularism under the COVID-19 Crisis: The Case of Italy
Authors: Alicino Francesco 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article analyzes the role of religious freedom and the principle of state secularism in Italy under the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, the author focuses on the Government’s anti-Covid-19 restrictive measures that have limited some fundamental rights, including the right to freely profess and celebrate religious rites in community; which has led to a lively debate. However, unlike in other Western countries, in Italy the debate has been confined to the sphere of scholarly disputes, while judicial scrutiny has been nearly nonexistent. That stimulates interesting questions concerning the pandemic long-lasting effects on important factors of Italy’s principle of secularism, including the method of (state-church) bilateralism and its connections with the right of religious freedom.
The East/West Debate over Politeness: Ideology and Practice
Authors: Cook Haruko Minegishi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There has been a debate about whether East and West are different or similar in pragmatics. In this discussion note, I demonstrate that both views stemmed from a similar one-sidedness, namely scholars’ assertion of cultural norms based on ideology rather than actual practice. I discuss the gap between ideology and practice by reviewing recent studies in Japanese that examined actual practice by drawing on naturally occurring data. To better approach this debate, I suggest a direction for future research in contrastive pragmatics in relation to the East/West debate.
Reconceptualising ‘Justiciability’: Crafting a Coherent Framework for Australia’s Unique Constitutional Context
Authors: Smith Brandon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe concept of ‘justiciability’ in Australian federal jurisprudence has been described by the High Court as a ‘slippery term of indeterminate reference’. With the High Court yet to comprehensively consider the concept of justiciability, Australia’s jurisprudence has failed to develop a coherent doctrine which is apt to govern the outer limits of judicial power under Chapter III of the Constitution. This article argues the transplantation of UK justiciability jurisprudence into Australia’s constitutional context, as well as doctrinal inconsistencies in UK case law, have resulted in applications of the doctrine which undermine key principles of federal judicial power. Drawing on existing case law, this article proposes a reconceptualisation of justiciability into three categories — constitutional competence, institutional capacity and institutional legitimacy — as a principled framework to be applied and developed by Australian jurists going forward.
The New Rich in Their “Palaces”: An Aspect of Urban Transformation in the Former Socialist Countries
Authors: Ruegg François 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper addresses the scarcity of research on the new rich in urban anthropology. It argues that sumptuary spending is meant to establish and display an honourable ascendancy, and stems from a need for public recognition. This is particularly visible in the palaces of the nouveau riche in Eastern Europe. Too often, these buildings are unduly ethnicized; the paper claims that this ideological approach aims at denying Easter European Roma the possibility of taking part in the urban competition of the new rich and at excluding them from the wider urban context of the new rich in the post-Socialist territories, from Bucharest to Batumi and Astana. From Roma businessmen to a parvenu doctor in Cluj, the identity strategies of the new rich resemble each other. They draw on universal artistic heritage to create an image of ancient virtue for their owners.