bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid review of emergency department interventions for children and young people presenting with suicidal ideation
Authors: Virk Farazi , Waine Julie , Berry Clio 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSuicidal ideation is an increasingly common presentation to the paediatric emergency department. The presence of suicidal ideation is linked to acute psychiatric hospital admission and increased risk of suicide. The paediatric emergency department plays a critical role in reducing risk of suicide, strengthening protective factors and encouraging patient engagement with ongoing care.AimsThis rapid review aims to synthesise evidence on interventions that can be implemented in the paediatric emergency department for children and adolescents presenting with suicidal ideation.MethodSix electronic databases were searched for studies published since January 2010: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane. Outcomes of interest included suicidal ideation, engagement with out-patient services, incidence of depressive symptoms, hopelessness, family empowerment, hospital admission and feasibility of interventions. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of studies.ResultsSix studies of paediatric emergency department-initiated family-based (n= 4) and motivational interviewing interventions (n= 2) were narratively reviewed. The studies were mainly small and of varying quality. The evidence synthesis suggests that both types of intervention, when initiated by the paediatric emergency department, reduce suicidal ideation and improve patient engagement with out-patient services. Family-based interventions also showed a reduction in suicidality and improvement in family empowerment, hopelessness and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsPaediatric emergency department-initiated interventions are crucial to reduce suicidal ideation and risk of suicide, and to enhance ongoing engagement with out-patient services. Further research is needed; however, family-based and motivational interviewing interventions could be feasibly and effectively implemented in the paediatric emergency department setting.
HOLA COVID-19 Study: Evaluating the Impact of Caring for Patients With COVID-19 on Cancer Care Delivery in Latin America
Authors: Bernabe-Ramirez Carolina , Velazquez Ana I. , Olazagasti Coral , Decat Bergerot Cristiane , Bergerot Paulo Gustavo , Corona Cruz Jose , Riano Ivy , Adaniel Christina , Ramirez Francisca , Anampa Jesus , Cajina Carmen , Mena Evelin , Gracia Elias , Menendez Alvaro , Idrovo Henry , Bezares Raimundo , Castillo Fernandez Omar Orlando , Duque Liseth , Corrales-Rodríguez Luis , Ramos Glenda , Kihn-Alarcón Alba J. , Schlam Ilana , Bruno Ximena , Umanzor Gerardo , Castro Jenny Lissette , Losco Federico , Ubillos Luis , Richardet Eduardo , Soto-Perez-de-Celis Enrique , Duma Narjust ,   HOLA COVID-19 Study Group
Published: March 2022

PURPOSEThe HOLA COVID-19 study sought to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on oncology practices across Latin America (LATAM), challenges faced by physicians, and how practices and physicians adapted while delivering care to patients with cancer.METHODSThis international cross-sectional study of oncology physicians in LATAM included a 43-item anonymous online survey to evaluate changes and adaptations to clinical practice. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of caring for patients with COVID-19 and changes to clinical practice.RESULTSA total of 704 oncology physicians from 19 countries completed the survey. Among respondents, the most common specialty was general oncology (34%) and 56% of physicians had cared for patients with COVID-19. The majority of physicians (70%) noted a decrease in the number of new patients evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic when compared with prepandemic, and 73% reported adopting the use of telemedicine in their practice. More than half (58%) of physicians reported making changes to the treatments that they offered to patients with cancer. In adjusted models, physicians who had cared for patients with COVID-19 had higher odds of changing the type of chemotherapy or treatments that they offered (adjusted odds ratio 1.81; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.53) and of delaying chemotherapy start (adjusted odds ratio 2.05; 95% CI, 1.49 to 2.81). Physicians identified significant delays in access to radiation and surgical services, diagnostic tests, and supportive care.CONCLUSIONThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted global cancer care. Although changes to health care delivery are a necessary response to this global crisis, our study highlights the significant disruption and changes to the treatment plans of patients with cancer in LATAM resulting from the COVID-19 health care crisis.
Machine Learning for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury in Both High-Income and Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Warman Pranav I. , Seas Andreas , Satyadev Nihal , Adil Syed M. , Kolls Brad J. , Haglund Michael M. , Dunn Timothy W. , Fuller Anthony T. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Machine learning (ML) holds promise as a tool to guide clinical decision making by predicting in-hospital mortality for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous models such as the international mission for prognosis and clinical trials in TBI (IMPACT) and the corticosteroid randomization after significant head injury (CRASH) prognosis calculators can potentially be improved with expanded clinical features and newer ML approaches.

OBJECTIVE:
To develop ML models to predict in-hospital mortality for both the high-income country (HIC) and the low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings.

METHODS:
We used the Duke University Medical Center National Trauma Data Bank and Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) registry to predict in-hospital mortality for the HIC and LMIC settings, respectively. Six ML models were built on each data set, and the best model was chosen through nested cross-validation. The CRASH and IMPACT models were externally validated on the MNRH database.

RESULTS:
ML models built on National Trauma Data Bank (n = 5393, 84 predictors) demonstrated an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85-0.97) while models constructed on MNRH (n = 877, 31 predictors) demonstrated an AUROC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.97). Direct comparison with CRASH and IMPACT models showed significant improvement of the proposed LMIC models regarding AUROC (P = .038).

CONCLUSION:
We developed high-performing well-calibrated ML models for predicting in-hospital mortality for both the HIC and LMIC settings that have the potential to influence clinical management and traumatic brain injury patient trajectories.
Making European performance and impact assessment frameworks glocal
Authors: Melo Ana M.P. , Oliveira Sofia , Oliveira Jorge S. , Martin Corinne S. , Leite Ricardo B. 
Published: March 2022

Sustainability of research infrastructures (RIs) is a big challenge for funders, stakeholders and operators, and the development and adoption of adequate management tools is a major concern, namely tools for monitoring and evaluating their performance and impact. BioData.pt is the Portuguese Infrastructure of Biological and Portuguese node of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures "Landmark" ELIXIR. The foundations of this national research infrastructure were laid under the “Building BioData.pt” project, for four years. During this period, performance and impact indicators were collected and analysed under the light of international guidelines for assessing the performance and impact of European research infrastructures produced by the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the EU-funded RI-PATHS project. The exercise shared herein showed that these frameworks can be adopted by national RIs, with the necessary adaptations, namely to reflect the national landscape and specificity of activities, and can be powerful tools in supporting the management of RIs. “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted, counts”. Albert Einstein, Theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize winner
A predictive model for daily cumulative COVID-19 cases in Ghana
Authors: Iddrisu Abdul-Karim , A. Amikiya Emmanuel , Otoo Dominic 
Published: March 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected the daily life, governments and economies of many countries all over the globe. Ghana is currently experiencing a surge in the number of cases with a corresponding increase in the cumulative confirmed cases and deaths. The surge in cases and deaths clearly shows that the preventive and management measures are ineffective and that policy makers lack a complete understanding of the dynamics of the disease. Most of the deaths in Ghana are due to lack of adequate health equipment and facilities for managing the disease. Knowledge of the number of cases in advance would aid policy makers in allocating sufficient resources for the effective management of the cases. Methods: A predictive tool is necessary for the effective management and prevention of cases. This study presents a predictive tool that has the ability to accurately forecast the number of cumulative cases. The study applied polynomial and spline models on the COVID-19 data for Ghana, to develop a generalized additive model (GAM) that accurately captures the growth pattern of the cumulative cases. Results: The spline model and the GAM provide accurate forecast values. Conclusion: Cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Ghana are expected to continue to increase if appropriate preventive measures are not enforced. Vaccination against the virus is ongoing in Ghana, thus, future research would consider evaluating the impact of the vaccine.
Local ecological knowledge and folk medicine in historical Estonia, Livonia, Courland, and Galicia, 1805-1905
Authors: Anegg Martin , Prakofjewa Julia , Kalle Raivo , Sõukand Renata 
Published: March 2022

Background: Historical ethnobotanical data can provide valuable information about past human-nature relationships as well as serve as a basis for diachronic analysis. This data note aims to present a dataset which documented medicinal plant uses, mentioned in a selection of German-language sources from the 19th century covering the historical regions of Estonia, Livonia, Courland, and Galicia. Methods: Data was mainly obtained by systematic manual search in various relevant historical German-language works focused on the medicinal use of plants. Data about plant and non-plant constituents, their usage, the mode of administration, used plant parts, and their German and local names was extracted and collected into a database in the form of Use Reports.
An optimization of four SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR assays in a Kenyan laboratory to support the national COVID-19 rapid response teams
Authors: Mohammed Khadija Said , de Laurent Zaydah R. , Omuoyo Donwilliams O. , Lewa Clement , Gicheru Elijah , Cheruiyot Robinson , Bartilol Brian , Mutua Shadrack , Musyoki Jennifer , Gumba Horace , Mwacharo Jedidah , Riako Debra , Mwangi Shaban J. , Gichuki Bonface M. , Nyamako Lydia , Karani Angela , Karanja Henry , Mugo Daisy , Gitonga John N. , Njuguna Susan , Gumbi Wilson , Tawa Brian , Tendwa Metrine , Cheruiyot Wesley , Sein Yiakon , Nyambu John K. , Patta Shem O. , Thani Thani Suleiman , Maitha Eric K. , Kitole Benson , Mwakinangu Mohamed S. , Muslih Barke S. , Otieno John Ochieng , Nyiro Joyce U. , Kiyuka Patience , Ndwiga Leonard , Wamae Kevin , Kimani Domtila , Makale Johnstone , Morobe John Mwita , Osoti Victor , Lambisia Arnold W. , Odundo Calleb , Mwarumba Salim , Mutunga Martin , Bejon Philip , Tsofa Benjamin , Agoti Charles N. , Ochola-Oyier Lynette Isabella 
Published: March 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic relies on real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), to facilitate roll-out of patient care and infection control measures. There are several qRT-PCR assays with little evidence on their comparability. We report alterations to the developers’ recommendations to sustain the testing capability in a resource-limited setting. Methods: We used a SARS-CoV-2 positive control RNA sample to generate several 10-fold dilution series that were used for optimization and comparison of the performance of the four qRT-PCR assays: i) Charité Berlin primer-probe set, ii) European Virus Archive – GLOBAL (EVAg) primer-probe set, iii) DAAN premixed commercial kit and iv) Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI) premixed commercial kit. We adjusted the manufacturer- and protocol-recommended reaction component volumes for these assays and assessed the impact on cycle threshold (Ct) values. Results: The Berlin and EVAg E gene and RdRp assays reported mean Ct values within range of each other across the different titrations and with less than 5% difference. The DAAN premixed kit produced comparable Ct values across the titrations, while the BGI kit improved in performance following a reduction of the reaction components. Conclusion: We achieved a 2.6-fold and 4-fold increase in the number of tests per kit for the commercial kits and the primer-probe sets, respectively. All the assays had optimal performance when the primers and probes were used at 0.375X, except for the Berlin N gene assay. The DAAN kit was a reliable assay for primary screening of SARS-CoV-2 whereas the BGI kit’s performance was dependent on the volumes and concentrations of both the reaction buffer and enzyme mix. Our recommendation for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in resource-limited settings is to optimize the assays available to establish the lowest volume and suitable concentration of reagents required to produce valid results.
Does training affect understanding of implicit bias and care of black, Asian and minority ethnic babies?
Authors: Chubb Bea , Cockings Rebecca , Valentine Janine , Symonds Emma , Heaslip Vanessa 
Published: March 2022

Background In the UK, there are huge inequities in maternal and neonatal mortality, yet there appears to be very little training to address this for midwives. This quality improvement project aimed to address this by providing training on implicit bias, stereotyping and clinical assessment of babies from black, Asian and minority ethnic families. Methods A training package was created and delivered to 67 midwives and students on placement at the Yeovil District NHS Foundation Trust on implicit bias, structural racism and clinical assessment of babies from black, Asian and minority ethnic groups. Pre- and post-training surveys were completed and descriptive statistical analysis alongside thematic analysis was used to analyse the findings. Results It was evident that midwives benefited from the training, as pre-session surveys noted that many midwives were unaware of the factors influencing the care of women and babies from black, Asian and minority ethnic families. After the training, they identified a wish to change their practice to be more inclusive. Conclusions The training package was well evaluated; however, more training and research is needed to improve the safety of mothers and babies from black, Asian and minority ethnic families.
Deep point cloud landmark localization for fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Wei Shuwen , Kam Michael , Wang Yaning , Opfermann Justin D. , Saeidi Hamed , Hsieh Michael H. , Krieger Axel , Kang Jin U. 
Published: March 2022

Point clouds have been widely used due to their information being richer than images. Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is one of the camera-based point cloud acquisition techniques that is being developed as a vision system for robotic surgery. For semi-autonomous robotic suturing, fluorescent fiducials were previously used on a target tissue as suture landmarks. This not only increases system complexity but also imposes safety concerns. To address these problems, we propose a numerical landmark localization algorithm based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a conditional random field (CRF). A CNN is applied to regress landmark heatmaps from the four-channel image data generated by the FPP. A CRF leveraging both local and global shape constraints is developed to better tune the landmark coordinates, reject extra landmarks, and recover missing landmarks. The robustness of the proposed method is demonstrated through ex vivo porcine intestine landmark localization experiments.
Effect of malaria and HIV/AIDS co-infection on red blood cell indices and its relation with the CD4 level of patients on HAART in Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ejigu Solomon , Haile Diresbachew , Solomon Yerukneh 
Published: March 2022

Background
Malaria and HIV/AIDS are the two most common infections in sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and worldwide. HIV infected individuals in malaria endemic areas experience severe malaria episodes. The immunological basis of this clinical observation is unclear and the hematologic abnormalities such as anemia in malaria and HIV co infected patients were inconsistent from studies in the past. Ethiopia’s three-fourth of the landmass is malarious and HIV prevalence is high that significantly affect RBC indices and other hematologic profiles.

Objective
This study aimed to compare RBC indices and anemia in HIV patients’ co-infected with malaria and those HIV patients without malaria and correlates these with CD4 level.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was employed on 103 malaria-HIV/AIDS co infected (MHC) and 103 HIV patients without malaria on HAART of the same ART centers in Bench Sheko Zone. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and blood samples were collected from both groups for malaria test and RBC indices measurement. Data was entered and checked in Epi-data and exported to IBM SPSS version 21 software packages for analysis.

Results
There were significant differences in Mean±SD of RBC indices between the two groups (P<0.001). RBC, Hgb, HCT and MCV were lower in MHC patients. In total study participants, significant positive correlation was observed between CD4 count with MCV, CD4 count with MCH and CD4 count with anemia. In the group of malaria-HIV co-infected, CD4 count with RBC and CD4 count with Hgb and in HIV without malaria CD4 count with MCV, CD4 count with MCH and CD4 count with MCHC were positively correlated. Overall anemia prevalence was 45.1%. Anemia prevalence in MHC (Malaria-HIV co-infected) was 63.4%. Anemia prevalence distribution among sex showed that 61.3% in female sex and anemia prevalence distribution among CD4 group showed 55.9% in patients with CD4 count of ≤500 cells/μl. Anemia in MHC patients was higher in those with CD4 count of ≤500 cells/μl (59.3%) while in OH (Only HIV infected) anemia prevalence was similar in those with CD4 count of ≤500 and ≥500 cells/μl (50%). There is significant difference in anemia in MHC and OH infected with different CD4 group (P<0.01).

Conclusion
There was a difference in RBC indices in both groups; RBC, Hgb, HCT and MCV were lower in MHC patients. There was positive correlation between CD4 counts with some RBC indices in combined both groups. However, there was positive correlation between CD4 counts with RBC and Hgb in malaria-HIV co-infected. The combined prevalence of anemia was higher and anemia in MHC was greater than OH infected patients.
Testing and healthcare seeking behavior preceding HIV diagnosis among migrant and non-migrant individuals living in the Netherlands: Directions for early-case finding
Authors: van Bilsen Ward P. H. , Bil Janneke P. , Prins Jan M. , Brinkman Kees , Leyten Eliane , van Sighem Ard , Bedert Maarten , Davidovich Udi , Burns Fiona , Prins Maria 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
To assess differences in socio-demographics, HIV testing and healthcare seeking behavior between individuals diagnosed late and those diagnosed early after HIV-acquisition.

Design
Cross-sectional study among recently HIV-diagnosed migrant and non-migrant individuals living in the Netherlands.

Methods
Participants self-completed a questionnaire on socio-demographics, HIV-testing and healthcare seeking behavior preceding HIV diagnosis between 2013–2015. Using multivariable logistic regression, socio-demographic determinants of late diagnosis were explored. Variables on HIV-infection, testing and access to care preceding HIV diagnosis were compared between those diagnosed early and those diagnosed late using descriptive statistics.

Results
We included 143 individuals with early and 101 with late diagnosis, of whom respectively 59/143 (41%) and 54/101 (53%) were migrants. Late diagnosis was significantly associated with older age and being heterosexual. Before HIV diagnosis, 89% of those with early and 62% of those with late diagnosis had ever been tested for HIV-infection (p<0.001), and respectively 99% and 97% reported healthcare usage in the Netherlands in the two years preceding HIV diagnosis (p = 0.79). Individuals diagnosed late most frequently visited a general practitioner (72%) or dentist (62%), and 20% had been hospitalized preceding diagnosis. In these settings, only in respectively 20%, 2%, and 6% HIV-testing was discussed.

Conclusion
A large proportion of people diagnosed late had previously tested for HIV and had high levels of healthcare usage. For earlier-case finding of HIV it therefore seems feasible to successfully roll out interventions within the existing healthcare system. Simultaneously, efforts should be made to encourage future repeated or routine HIV testing among individuals whenever they undergo an HIV test.
Kidney injury after lung transplantation: Long-term mortality predicted by post-operative day-7 serum creatinine and few clinical factors
Authors: Doricic Julian , Greite Robert , Vijayan Vijith , Immenschuh Stephan , Leffler Andreas , Ius Fabio , Haverich Axel , Gottlieb Jens , Haller Hermann , Scheffner Irina , Gwinner Wilfried 
Published: March 2022

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after lung transplantation (LuTx) is associated with increased long-term mortality. In this prospective observational study, commonly used AKI-definitions were examined regarding prediction of long-term mortality and compared to simple use of the serum creatinine value at day 7 for patients who did not receive hemodialysis, and serum creatinine value immediately before initiation of hemodialysis (d7/preHD-sCr).

Methods
185 patients with LuTx were prospectively enrolled from 2013–2014 at our center. Kidney injury was assessed within 7 days by: (1) the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria (KDIGO-AKI), (2) the Acute Disease Quality Initiative 16 Workgroup classification (ADQI-AKI) and (3) d7/preHD-sCr. Prediction of all-cause mortality was examined by Cox regression analysis, and clinical as well as laboratory factors for impaired kidney function post-LuTx were analyzed.

Results
AKI according to KDIGO and ADQI-AKI occurred in 115 patients (62.2%) within 7 days after LuTx. Persistent ADQI-AKI, KDIGO-AKI stage 3 and higher d7/preHD-sCr were associated with higher mortality in the univariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, d7/preHD-sCr in combination with body weight and intra- and postoperative platelet transfusions predicted mortality after LuTx with similar performance as models using KDIGO-AKI and ADQI-AKI (concordance index of 0.75 for d7/preHD-sCr vs., 0.74 and 0.73, respectively). Pre-transplant reduced renal function, diabetes, higher BMI, and intraoperative ECMO predicted higher d7/preHD-sCr (r2 = 0.354, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results confirm the importance of AKI in lung transplant patients; however, a simple and pragmatic indicator of renal function, d7/preHD-sCr, predicts long-term mortality equally reliable as more complex AKI-definitions like KDIGO and ADQI.