bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic profiling for dyslipidemia in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease, on behalf of the IHCC consortium
Authors: Qu Hui-Qi , Glessner Joseph , Qu Jingchun , Mentch Frank , Campbell Ian , Sleiman Patrick , Connolly John J , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous study has shown that dyslipidemia is common in patients with Sickle cell disease (SCD) and is associated with more serious SCD complications.

Methods
This study investigated systematically dyslipidemia in SCD using a state-of-art nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics platform, including 147 pediatric cases with SCD and 1234 controls without SCD. We examined 249 metabolomic biomarkers, including 98 biomarkers for lipoprotein subclasses, 70 biomarkers for relative lipoprotein lipid concentrations, plus biomarkers for fatty acids and phospholipids.

Results
Specific patterns of hypolipoproteinemia and hypocholesterolemia in pediatric SCD were observed in lipoprotein subclasses other than larger VLDL subclasses. Triglycerides are not significantly changed in SCD, except increased relative concentrations in lipoprotein subclasses. Decreased plasma FFAs (including total-FA, SFA, PUFA, Omega-6, and linoleic acid) and decreased plasma phospholipids were observed in SCD.

Conclusion
This study scrutinized, for the first time, lipoprotein subclasses in pediatric patients with SCD, and identified SCD-specific dyslipidemia from altered lipoprotein metabolism. The findings of this study depict a broad panorama of lipid metabolism and nutrition in SCD, suggesting the potential of specific dietary supplementation of the deficient nutrients for the management of SCD.
The effect of mineral composition on soil organic matter turnover in temperate forest soils
Authors: Zacháry Dóra , Filep Tibor , Jakab Gergely , Ringer Marianna , Balázs Réka , Németh Tibor , Szalai Zoltán 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this work was to determine the characteristics of SOM decomposition under forest vegetation and to investigate the influence of soil mineralogy on SOM turnover.

Methods
Thirteen Hungarian forest topsoil samples amended with maize residues were incubated at 20 °C for 163 days. The CO2 evolved was measured and the fast and slow decomposition rate constants (k1 and k2, respectively) of SOM were quantified using a first-order two pools model. Linear regression analysis was applied between the quantity of total mineralized carbon (TMC), k1 and k2 values and the mineralogical parameters of the soils.

Results
The illite (R2 = 0.797, p < 0.001) and non-swelling clay mineral (R2 = 0.767, p < 0.001) content and the dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate-extractable Al (AlDCB, R2 = 0.708, p < 0.001) and ammonium-oxalate-extractable Al concentration (AlOX, R2 = 0.627, p < 0.01) reduced the TMC to the greatest extent. The AlDCB (R2 = 0.681, p < 0.001), AlOX (R2 = 0.583, p < 0.01) and illite (R2 = 0.545, p < 0.01) contents had strong negative relationship with the k1 value. The k2 value was only affected by the non-swelling clay mineral (R2 = 0.467, p < 0.05) and illite (R2 = 0.574, p < 0.01) contents.

Conclusion
These results confirm that the mineral composition of the soil, including the Al oxide, non-swelling clay mineral and illite contents, may significantly inhibit the decomposition of SOM, showing that illite minerals may provide binding surfaces for SOM over a longer timescale.
Das „Reasoning-and-Rehabilitation“-Programm im deutschen Strafvollzug – Auswirkungen auf die Legalbewährung
Authors: Weber Sophia , Hosser Daniela 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungBefunde zum „Reasoning-and-Rehabilitation“-Programm (R&R) aus dem deutschen Strafvollzug (Hosser und Weber 2021) zeigen, dass Teilnehmer des R&R im Behandlungsverlauf positive Einstellungs- und Verhaltensveränderungen durchlaufen. Offen ist die Frage, inwieweit sich diese Veränderungen auf die Legalbewährung auswirken. Um dies zu klären, wurden die Rückfalldaten von 110 männlichen Teilnehmern des R&R aus verschiedenen Jugend- und Justizvollzugsanstalten mit den Daten einer nachträglich anhand der Akten parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe (n = 74) verglichen. Zwei Jahren nach Haftentlassung war die allgemeine Rückfallrate der Teilnehmer um 13,7 % niedriger als die der Kontrollgruppe. Die Teilnehmer des R&R wurden außerdem signifikant seltener zu erneuten Haftstrafen verurteilt. Dieser Effekt ließ sich jedoch ausschließlich auf die Teilnehmer aus dem Jugendstrafvollzug zurückführen. Die Rückfälligkeit konnte darüber hinaus nur begrenzt durch die während des R&R erzielten Einstellungs- und Verhaltensveränderungen vorhergesagt werden.
The Drone, the Snake, and the Crystal: Manifesting Potency in 3D Digital Replicas of Living Heritage and Archaeological Places
Authors: Wessels Stephen , Maape Sechaba , Schoville Benjamin J. , Wilkins Jayne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCreating and sharing 3D digital replicas of archaeological sites online has become increasingly common. They are being integrated in excavation workflows, used to foster public engagement with the site, and provide communication and outreach of research, which now happen on digital media platforms. However, there has been little introspection by the community involved in the 3D documentation field, which has resulted in problematic practices. We critique the western paradigm of archaeological visualisation and propose recommendations for inclusive, decolonised visualisations of living heritage and archaeological places. To begin, we define in broad terms what an archaeological site is, and then we describe how these sites have been recorded and represented using the latest technology for digital re-production, namely laser scanning and photogrammetry. Following that we provide a critical analysis of current 3D visualisations of archaeological sites and develop an approach to ensure that the significance, meaning, and potency of archaeological and living heritage places are transferred to their digital replicas. Our case study at Ga-Mohana Hill in South Africa then offers practical approaches and methodologies that the fields of cultural heritage documentation and archaeological visualisation can employ to address their recurring issues as identified in the critical analysis. We present an online, interactive 3D digital replica of a living heritage and archaeological place that we believe responds appropriately to its political, cultural, and social context along with communicating its archaeological significance.
Human Monoclonal IgE Antibodies—a Major Milestone in Allergy
Authors: Smith Scott A. , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Chapman Martin D. , Pomés Anna 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Bound to its high affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils, the IgE antibody molecule plays an integral role in the allergic reaction. Through interactions with the allergen, it provides the sensitivity and specificity parameters for cell activation and mediator release that produce allergic symptoms. Advancements in human hybridoma technologies allow for the generation and molecular definition of naturally occurring allergen-specific human IgE monoclonal antibodies.

Recent Findings
A high-resolution structure of dust mite allergen Der p 2 in complex with Fab of the human IgE mAb 2F10 was recently determined using X-ray crystallography. The structure reveals the fine molecular details of IgE 2F10 binding its 750 Å2 conformational epitope on Der p 2.

Summary
This review provides an overview of this major milestone in allergy, the first atomic resolution structure of an authentic human IgE epitope. The molecular insights that IgE epitopes provide will allow for structure-based design approaches to the development of novel diagnostics, antibody therapeutics, and immunotherapies.
Dynamical information flow within the magnetosphere-ionosphere system during magnetic storms
Authors: Stumpo Mirko , Benella Simone , Consolini Giuseppe , Alberti Tommaso 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe direct role of successive intense magnetospheric substorms in injecting/energizing particles into the storm-time ring current is still debated and controversial. Whereas in the recent past it has been observed the absence of a net information flow between magnetic storms and substorms, previous in-situ satellite observations have evidenced that ionospheric-origin ions dominate the population of the ring current during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. As a matter of fact, the controversy arises mainly by the use of sophisticated data-driven techniques somewhat contradicting in-situ measurements. In this framework, the main aim of this work is to attempt an adaption of the powerful information-theoretic approach, i.e., the transfer entropy, in a consistent way with physics modeling and observations and to explore the possible motivations behind the underlying contradictions that emerge when these techniques are used. Our idea is to characterize the dynamics of the information flow within the magnetosphere-ionosphere system using a database of geomagnetic storms instead of considering a long time series of geomagnetic indices. We found a net information flow between the external driver and the geomagnetic indices and also between high and low latitude indices themselves, which turns out to be very well localized during the different phases of a magnetic storm.
Steroid Hormones as Modulators of Emotional Regulation in Male Urogenital Cancers
Authors: Faviana Pinuccia , Boldrini Laura , Gronchi Lisa , Galli Luca , Erba Paola , Gentile Carlo , Lippolis Piero Vincenzo , Marchetti Elio , Di Stefano Iosè , Sammarco Enrico , Chapman Alex D. , Bardi Massimo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Tumors develop within an organism operating in a specific social and physical environment. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), two of the most abundant steroid hormones in humans, are involved in both emotional regulation and the tumor progression. Several studies reported preclinical findings that DHEA can have preventive and therapeutic efficacy in treating major age-associated diseases, including cancer, although the mechanisms of action are not yet defined. The main aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between psychological and physiological emotional regulation and cancer development.

Method
This study assessed the quality of life of urogenital cancer male patients using several validated tools, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and the Profile of Mood States. Saliva samples were collected to monitor peripheral activity of both cortisol and DHEA. It was hypothesized that patients with a better quality of life would have higher levels of the DHEA/cortisol ratios.

Results
We found that the quality of life was positively related to DHEA, but not cortisol levels. Negative mood increases were related to lower levels of DHEA. Logistic regression of the predictors of metastases indicated three main independent factors involved: DHEA, age, and cortisol. In other words, the higher the DHEA levels in comparison to cortisol levels, controlling for age, the lower the probability of metastases.

Conclusion
Our results appear to support the hypothesis that emotional dysregulation mediated by DHEA/cortisol activity is a key factor in the probability of metastasis in urogenital cancers.
Electron microscopy holdings of the Protein Data Bank: the impact of the resolution revolution, new validation tools, and implications for the future
Authors: Burley Stephen K. , Berman Helen M. , Chiu Wah , Dai Wei , Flatt Justin W. , Hudson Brian P. , Kaelber Jason T. , Khare Sagar D. , Kulczyk Arkadiusz W. , Lawson Catherine L. , Pintilie Grigore D. , Sali Andrej , Vallat Brinda , Westbrook John D. , Young Jasmine Y. , Zardecki Christine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a discipline, structural biology has been transformed by the three-dimensional electron microscopy (3DEM) “Resolution Revolution” made possible by convergence of robust cryo-preservation of vitrified biological materials, sample handling systems, and measurement stages operating a liquid nitrogen temperature, improvements in electron optics that preserve phase information at the atomic level, direct electron detectors (DEDs), high-speed computing with graphics processing units, and rapid advances in data acquisition and processing software. 3DEM structure information (atomic coordinates and related metadata) are archived in the open-access Protein Data Bank (PDB), which currently holds more than 11,000 3DEM structures of proteins and nucleic acids, and their complexes with one another and small-molecule ligands (~ 6% of the archive). Underlying experimental data (3DEM density maps and related metadata) are stored in the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB), which currently holds more than 21,000 3DEM density maps. After describing the history of the PDB and the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) partnership, which jointly manages both the PDB and EMDB archives, this review examines the origins of the resolution revolution and analyzes its impact on structural biology viewed through the lens of PDB holdings. Six areas of focus exemplifying the impact of 3DEM across the biosciences are discussed in detail (icosahedral viruses, ribosomes, integral membrane proteins, SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, cryogenic electron tomography, and integrative structure determination combining 3DEM with complementary biophysical measurement techniques), followed by a review of 3DEM structure validation by the wwPDB that underscores the importance of community engagement.
Das Beurteilen von Lernprodukten als Facette diagnostischer Kompetenz fördern
Authors: Eichler Andreas , Rathgeb-Schnierer Elisabeth , Volkmer Jan Philipp 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDiagnostische Kompetenz ist eine zentrale Komponente der professionellen Kompetenzen von Lehrkräften, die die Qualität von Unterricht und somit das Lernen von Schülerinnen und Schülern beeinflusst. Aufgrund dieser zentralen Bedeutung rückt die systematische Schulung der diagnostischen Kompetenz zunehmend in den Forschungsfokus. Diese Arbeit zielt auf die Erforschung der Förderung diagnostischer Kompetenz im Bereich der Mathematik ab. Wir stellen eine quasi-experimentelle Studie mit Treatment- und Kontrollgruppe vor, die den Effekt einer Intervention bei Studierenden des Grundschullehramts (n = 74) untersucht. Die Intervention erfolgt im Rahmen eines Seminars, das die als effektiv bekannten Bestandteile der Förderung diagnostischer Kompetenz aufgreift. Diagnostische Kompetenz modellieren wir als Fähigkeit, Lernprodukte von Schülerinnen adäquat und multiperspektivisch beurteilen zu können und messen deren Entwicklung in einem Pre-Post-Design. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unsere Schulung insbesondere auf einen Teil sogenannter epistemischen Aktivitäten wirkt: die Entwicklung und Stützung von Hypothesen zu Fähigkeiten von Schülerinnen und Schülern. Hier unterscheidet sich die Treatmentgruppe im Post-Test signifikant von der Kontrollgruppe. Die Arbeit leistet insgesamt einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung und mehrperspektivischen Messung diagnostischer Kompetenz bezogen auf epistemische Aktivitäten im diagnostischen Prozess und der multiperspektivischen Beurteilung der Lernprodukte von Schülerinnen und Schülern zu offenen Lernangebote zur Arithmetik.
Systematic quantitative investigation of the unscrewing process with regard to breakaway torque
Authors: Mangold Simon , Gerlitz Eduard , Zimprich Sebastian , Friedmann Marco , Matthiesen Sven , Fleischer Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThreaded connections make up the majority of separable connections used today. Their disassembly behaviour strongly depends on the conditions during the life-phase. With the trend towards circular economy, disassembly particularly for remanufacturing requires automation. For production systems this mandates a certain capability of adaptation towards different product conditions. In the regarded case of dismantling threaded connections, this is the automatic selection of appropriate robot tools. One important criterion for the tool-selection is the breakaway torque, which strongly depends on friction parameters within the threads and the head surface. Those are influenced by e.g. corrosion and head type. In this contribution, the results of a systematic experimental investigation of the breakaway torque of threaded connections is presented. The aim of the contribution is to determine the influence on the breakaway torque of typical factors appearing in automated disassembly systems. Therefore, a total of 90 experiments are conducted which include five factors: Nominal diameter; Screw head type; Corrosion; Plate material; Applied torque during assembly.
Comparative environmental life cycle assessment and operating cost analysis of long-range hydrogen and biofuel fueled transport aircraft
Authors: Kossarev Kristina , Scholz Anna Elena , Hornung Mirko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aviation industry is currently experiencing a social shift in the attitude towards flying due to the increasing awareness of the impact on climate change. This has led governments and industries to set emissions targets, although their achievement for long-range flights is subject to an ongoing debate. Among promising candidates are hydrogen and sustainable aviation fuels such as biofuel. To provide a meaningful ecological and economic assessment, an environmental life cycle assessment method supplemented by a direct operating cost analysis has been developed and is described in this paper. A wide-body transport aircraft (A330 class) serves as a reference design for developing conceptual aircraft designs with a planned entry-into-service in 2040 powered by liquid hydrogen or drop-in biofuels (based on algae, produced with oil-rich biomass (BtL) or hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) processes). Due to the large demand for assumptions, the ecological and economic assessment results have to be interpreted as benchmarks. The results for long-range aircraft show that based on the current fuel and energy production methods both hydrogen and biofuel as aviation fuel are more harmful (have a higher environmental impact) than conventional aircraft. For hydrogen aircraft, an increase in energy consumption of $$2.87\%$$

2.87
%

leads to an increased environmental impact of $$14.8\%$$

14.8
%

. Due to the high energy demand for biofuel production, its environmental impact increases by $$548\%$$

548
%

(BtL) and $$238\%$$

238
%

(HVO). Nevertheless, for a future scenario based on electrolysis as a hydrogen production process and on renewable energy to generate electricity, both hydrogen and biofuel-powered aircraft are less harmful when compared to the reference aircraft. The environmental impact reduces by $$59.5\%$$

59.5
%

(hydrogen), $$35.8\%$$

35.8
%

(BtL), and $$112\%$$

112
%

(HVO). However, the introduction of the new propellants involves a high direct operating cost penalty of $$10.8\%$$

10.8
%

for hydrogen and $$108\%$$

108
%

for both biofuels.
C3-IoC: A Career Guidance System for Assessing Student Skills using Machine Learning and Network Visualisation
Authors: José-García Adán , Sneyd Alison , Melro Ana , Ollagnier Anaïs , Tarling Georgina , Zhang Haiyang , Stevenson Mark , Everson Richard , Arthur Rudy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has witnessed significant growth over the last twenty-five years, providing a wide range of technologies to support academic, institutional, and administrative services. More recently, AIED applications have been developed to prepare students for the workforce, providing career guidance services for higher education. However, this remains challenging, especially concerning the rapidly changing labour market in the IT sector. In this paper, we introduce an AI-based solution named C3-IoC (https://c3-ioc.co.uk), which intends to help students explore career paths in IT according to their level of education, skills and prior experience. The C3-IoC presents a novel similarity metric method for relating existing job roles to a range of technical and non-technical skills. This also allows the visualisation of a job role network, placing the student within communities of job roles. Using a unique knowledge base, user skill profiling, job role matching, and visualisation modules, the C3-IoC supports students in self-evaluating their skills and understanding how they relate to emerging IT jobs.
Applications of the Bernoulli wavelet collocation method in the analysis of MHD boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid
Authors: Kumbinarasaiah S. , Preetham M. P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the flow of viscous, electrically conducting incompressible fluid over a stretching plate. The Falkner–Skan equation is a nonlinear, third-order boundary value problem. No closed-form solutions are available for this two-point boundary value problem. Here, we developed a new functional matrix of integration using the Bernoulli wavelet and also generated a new technique called Bernoulli wavelet collocation method (BWCM) to solve the nonlinear differential equation that arises in the fluid flow over a stretching plate. The boundary layer model is transformed to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation called the Falkner-Skan type equation using suitable transformation. Using BWCM, we have solved the unbounded governing equations of different types that arise in the MHD boundary-layer flow of a viscous fluid over a stretching plate. Several aspects of this problem are justified using the Haar wavelet and the previously obtained theoretical results. It is observed that the boundary-layer thickness decreases as the pressure gradient and magnetic field parameters increase. The overshoots and undershoots are observed for some particular parameters using BWCM. Furthermore, our research yields dual solutions for some physical parameters, which are investigated for the first time in the literature using the Bernoulli wavelet approach. The nature of the flow problem is discussed through the graphs by varying the physical parameters.
Characteristics of antifungal utilization for hospitalized children in the United States
Authors: Eguiguren Lourdes , Lee Brian R. , Newland Jason G. , Kronman Matthew P. , Hersh Adam L. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Lee Grace M. , Schwenk Hayden T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To characterize antifungal prescribing patterns, including the indication for antifungal use, in hospitalized children across the United States.

Design:
We analyzed antifungal prescribing data from 32 hospitals that participated in the SHARPS Antibiotic Resistance, Prescribing, and Efficacy among Children (SHARPEC) study, a cross-sectional point-prevalence survey conducted between June 2016 and December 2017.

Methods:
Inpatients aged <18 years with an active systemic antifungal order were included in the analysis. We classified antifungal prescribing by indication (ie, prophylaxis, empiric, targeted), and we compared the proportion of patients in each category based on patient and antifungal characteristics.

Results:
Among 34,927 surveyed patients, 2,095 (6%) received at least 1 systemic antifungal and there were 2,207 antifungal prescriptions. Most patients had an underlying oncology or bone marrow transplant diagnosis (57%) or were premature (13%). The most prescribed antifungal was fluconazole (48%) and the most common indication for antifungal use was prophylaxis (64%). Of 2,095 patients receiving antifungals, 79 (4%) were prescribed >1 antifungal, most often as targeted therapy (48%). The antifungal prescribing rate ranged from 13.6 to 131.2 antifungals per 1,000 patients across hospitals (P < .001).

Conclusions:
Most antifungal use in hospitalized children was for prophylaxis, and the rate of antifungal prescribing varied significantly across hospitals. Potential targets for antifungal stewardship efforts include high-risk, high-utilization populations, such as oncology and bone marrow transplant patients, and specific patterns of utilization, including prophylactic and combination antifungal therapy.