bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of localised vascular wedge‐shaped defects in glaucoma
Authors: Saks Danit , Schulz Angela , Sheriff Samran , Shen Ting , Gupta Vivek , Qassim Ayub , Ridge Bronwyn , Pham Ryan , Craig Jamie , Graham Stuart ,   the PROGRESSA Study Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundVascular dysfunction plays a considerable role in glaucoma pathogenesis. Previous glaucoma case studies described localised wedge‐shaped vascular defects, similar to retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) wedge defects. This study investigates the prevalence and quantification of this vessel loss, in relation to primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) parameters.MethodsThis study included 608 eyes (351 participants): 192 PROGRESSA study participants (342 eyes) with suspect, preperimetric or early manifest POAG, observed for vascular wedge defect presence (cohort one); an additional 114 individuals (cohort two—208 eyes) with POAG at various stages of progression for wedge characterisation; and 38 controls (56 eyes).Vascular wedge defects were observed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Wedge parameters and vessel densities were quantified using ImageJ software. RNFL and ganglion cell layer inner plexiform layer (GCLIPL) from OCT scans, and mean deviation (Humphrey visual field 24–2) were also assessed.ResultsVascular wedge defects were found in 45/342 eyes (13.2%) in cohort one, in 41/208 eyes (19.7%) in cohort two and were not found in controls. Wedge defects were mostly inferotemporal (80%), and present at all disease stages. They were associated with visual field loss in the opposite hemisphere, thinner RNFL (p < 0.001), thinner GCLIPL (p = 0.003), and focal RNFL loss corresponding with the vascular defect region.ConclusionVascular wedge defects are present at all POAG stages even before functional change and are strongly concordant with focal RNFL loss. Further research is needed to explore these defects in particular their temporal relationship with clinical measures of POAG.
Power to the people: Analysis of occupancy models informed by local knowledge
Authors: Brittain Stephanie , Rowcliffe Marcus , Earle Samantha , Kentatchime Fabrice , Kamogne Tagne Cedric Thibaut , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPower analyses help to improve the cost‐effectiveness of monitoring strategies for wildlife populations, but rarely account for variation in detection probability, affecting the power of data to detect trends in occupancy. We explore the power of occupancy models informed by two locally‐informed methods (interviews and daily diaries) to detect changes in occupancy for 14 mammal species hunted for wild meat within a community forest in Cameroon. This is the first study to use the formula developed by to compare power between locally‐informed methods and camera traps, and identify the monitoring strategies best suited to different species. Comparable effort is required between the three methods to detect 50% as 80% change in occupancy, except where occupancy is less than 0.13 (diary data), 0.03 (camera), or 0.6 (interviews). Overall, where occupancy <0.54, 200 sites and four repeat visits were required to detect at least a 30% change in occupancy. Achieving power to detect any level of change useful for conservation planning is often not viable for projects with small budgets and for species with very low detection rates. However, some species of conservation importance (e.g., gorilla, chimpanzee) are better detected and as such could be monitored using data collected in collaboration with local communities.
INnoVative trial design for testing the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of 6‐month treatment with incretin‐based therapy to prevent type 1 DIAbetes in autoantibody positive participants: A protocol for three parallel double‐blind, randomised controlled trials (INVESTDIA)
Authors: Kero Jukka , Koskenniemi Jaakko J. , Karsikas Sara , Pokka Tytti , Lou Olivia , Toppari Jorma , Veijola Riitta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsβ‐cell stress and dysfunction may contribute to islet autoimmunity and progression to clinical type 1 diabetes. We present a protocol of three randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP − 1) analogue liraglutide in three early stages of type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe will test 10‐ to 30‐year‐old people with multiple islet autoantibodies for their glucose metabolism and randomise participants with stage 1 (multiple islet autoantibodies and normoglycaemia), stage 2 (multiple islet autoantibodies and dysglycaemia) and early stage 3 (clinical diagnosis) type 1 diabetes, 10−14 persons in each, to a 6‐month intervention with liraglutide or placebo with 6‐month follow‐up in the stage 2 and stage 3 trials and 18‐month follow‐up in the stage 1 trial. Primary efficacy outcome in the stage 1 and stage 2 trials is a first‐phase insulin response in an intravenous glucose tolerance test and C‐peptide area under the curve in a 2‐h mixed‐meal tolerance test in the stage 3 trial. In addition, safety and tolerability of liraglutide treatment will be assessed.ConclusionsMost prevention trials of type 1 diabetes have targeted the immune system. Treatment with GLP‐1 analogue liraglutide supports the pancreatic β‐cells, which should likewise attenuate islet autoimmunity. Our innovative study design allows simultaneous investigation of an intervention in three groups of people who represent various early stages of type 1 diabetes and maximises the eligibility to participate.Trial registrationNCT02611232 (stage 1 trial), NCT02898506 (stage 2 trial), NCT02908087 (stage 3 trial).
Effect of anaerobic digestate fuel pellet production on Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella persistence
Authors: Cathcart Ashley , Smyth Beatrice M. , Forbes Christina , Lyons Gary , Murray Simon T. , Rooney David , Johnston Christopher R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProduction of digestate pellets for fuel has been identified as a promising circular economy approach to provide renewable energy and additional income to farms, while at the same time presenting the potential to divert raw digestate from nutrient‐saturated land and reduce the risk to water quality. Although previous research has investigated the feasibility of pellet production, there has been little focus on the bio‐safety aspects of the system. Little is currently known about the persistence of bacteria present in the digestate and the potential impacts on human health for those handling this product. The aim of the present research was to determine the effect that each step in the pellet production process has on bacteria numbers: anaerobic digestion, mechanical separation, solid drying, and pelletisation. Enterobacteriaceae enumeration by colony count method was used to quantify bacteria, and the presence of Salmonella at each stage was determined. The Enterobacteriaceae count reduced with each stage, and the final pelletisation step reduced bacteria numbers to below detectable levels (<10 colony forming units/g). Salmonella was only detected in the starting slurry and absent from digestate onwards. Storage of the pellets under winter and simulated summer conditions showed no reactivation of Enterobacteriaceae over time. The pelletisation process produces a digestate product with Enterobacteriaceae counts below the maximum threshold (PAS110 specification) for transport off the source farm, but care must still be taken when handling digestate pellets as complete sterilisation has not been confirmed.
Spatiotemporal patterns in China's Minimal Living allowances: The urban‐rural gap and regional differences revealed through a national poverty alleviation program
Authors: Zhang Zhonghao , Sun Shimeng , Chen Wanzhen , He Xuesong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Minimal Living Standard Allowance System (MLSAS), established by the Chinese central government in the late 1990s, was intended to provide basic needs for urban and rural low‐income populations. Although the subsidy standards of MLSAS have increased rapidly over the years, its distributions in time and space were found imbalanced. Using the per capita subsidy income (PCSI) data of 338 Chinese cities from 2008 to 2016, this study quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of the urban‐rural gap and regional differences of MLSAS throughout China and identified the major influential socioeconomic factors of the observed patterns. The results showed that the PCSI of China's low‐income populations increased rapidly but with large variations between urban and rural residents and between geographic regions. The PCSI in rural areas was much lower than that in urban areas, whereas the Gini coefficient of PCSI in urban areas was lower than that in rural areas, indicating the allowance from MLSAS was more unequal among rural residents. Additionally, the higher PCSI was concentrated mainly in three urban agglomerations in eastern China. Most cities in central and western China lagged in terms of PCSI. Correlation analysis between PCSI and socioeconomic factors indicated that the income and GDP per capita were the most important influencing factors. With a better understanding of the overall situation of the urban‐rural gap and regional differences in implementing MLSAS, the current study should help improve the subsistence subsidy policies in China.
Patients' experiences of, and engagement with, remote home monitoring services for COVID‐19 patients: A rapid mixed‐methods study
Authors: Walton Holly , Vindrola‐Padros Cecilia , Crellin Nadia E. , Sidhu Manbinder S. , Herlitz Lauren , Litchfield Ian , Ellins Jo , Ng Pei Li , Massou Efthalia , Tomini Sonila M. , Fulop Naomi J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionRemote home monitoring models were implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic to shorten hospital length of stay, reduce unnecessary hospital admission, readmission and infection and appropriately escalate care. Within these models, patients are asked to take and record readings and escalate care if advised. There is limited evidence on how patients and carers experience these services. This study aimed to evaluate patient experiences of, and engagement with, remote home monitoring models for COVID‐19.MethodsA rapid mixed‐methods study was carried out in England (conducted from March to June 2021). We remotely conducted a cross‐sectional survey and semi‐structured interviews with patients and carers. Interview findings were summarized using rapid assessment procedures sheets and data were grouped into themes (using thematic analysis). Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsWe received 1069 surveys (18% response rate) and conducted interviews with patients (n = 59) or their carers (n = 3). ‘Care’ relied on support from staff members and family/friends. Patients and carers reported positive experiences and felt that the service and human contact reassured them and was easy to engage with. Yet, some patients and carers identified problems with engagement (e.g., hesitancy to self‐escalate care). Engagement was influenced by patient factors such as health and knowledge, support from family/friends and staff, availability and ease of use of informational and material resources (e.g., equipment) and service factors.ConclusionRemote home monitoring models place responsibility on patients to self‐manage symptoms in partnership with staff; yet, many patients required support and preferred human contact (especially for identifying problems). Caring burden and experiences of those living alone and barriers to engagement should be considered when designing and implementing remote home monitoring services.Patient or Public ContributionThe study team met with service users and public members of the evaluation teams throughout the project in a series of workshops. Workshops informed study design, data collection tools and data interpretation and were conducted to also discuss study dissemination. Public patient involvement (PPI) members helped to pilot patient surveys and interview guides with the research team. Some members of the public also piloted the patient survey. Members of the PPI group were given the opportunity to comment on the manuscript, and the manuscript was amended accordingly.
Patients' and relatives' views on unmet mental health care needs through a qualitative study: Symptoms are a major barrier
Authors: Fahmi Morgan , Georges Thibault , Leaune Edouard , Chalancon Benoit , Chasles Virginie , Blain Jeffrey , Chauliac Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnmet needs in mental health care are a prominent issue and concern almost half of people with such disorders. Psymobile is a mobile outreach psychiatric team whose objective is to facilitate access to psychiatric services. Its intervention is at the request of relatives or social workers, making it possible to encounter situations of long‐standing unmet needs. Our objective was to understand the barriers to accessing mental health care as perceived by patients and their relatives. We conducted a qualitative study with patients and their relatives using face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews and a hierarchical thematic analysis. Four major themes were identified: psychological and behavioural barriers, socio‐economic barriers, structural barriers and physical barriers. Anosognosia or lack of insight is cited as a primary barrier, as are fear of stigma, and former negative experiences. The complexity of the French care system and the lack of literacy about mental illnesses were also emphasized by the participants. Physical determinants, such as the distance to healthcare facilities, were rarely mentioned. As a conclusion, outreach teams appear to be an appropriate way to address the issue of unmet mental health care needs when they provide psychiatric care.
PCR-based ORF typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae for rapid identification of global clones and transmission events
Authors: Nonogaki Rina , Iijima Anna , Kawamura Kumiko , Kayama Shizuo , Sugai Motoyuki , Yagi Tetsuya , Arakawa Yoshichika , Doi Yohei , Suzuki Masahiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid and simple genotyping method that can characterize strains causing nosocomial infections.

Methods and results
The PCR-based open reading frame (ORF) typing (POT) method consists of two multiplex PCR reactions that were designed to detect 25 ORFs specific to bacterial genetic lineages, species, antimicrobial-resistant genes (blaCTX-M group-1, blaCTX-M group-9, blaIMP and blaKPC), a capsular K1-specific gene and a virulence factor gene (rmpA/A2). The electrophoresis results are then digitized. A total of 192 strains (136 clinical and 8 reference strains of K. pneumoniae, 33 clinical and 1 reference strains of K. variicola and 14 clinical strains of K. quasipneumoniae) were classified into 95, 26 and 11 POT values, respectively. The distribution patterns of ORFs among K. pneumoniae correlated well with multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Furthermore, closely related species could be distinguished and key antimicrobial resistance and hypervirulence genes were identified as part of POT.

Conclusions
The POT method was developed and validated for K. pneumoniae. In comparison to MLST, the POT method is a rapid and easy genotyping method for monitoring transmission events by K. pneumoniae in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The POT method supplies clear and informative molecular typing results for K. pneumoniae. The method would facilitate molecular epidemiological analysis in infection control and hospital epidemiology investigations.
Effects of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 supplementation on metabolic factors in otherwise healthy overweight and obese individuals
Authors: Coman Maria Magdalena , Miorelli Lorenzo , Micioni Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria , Cifani Carlo , Salvesi Chiara , Amedei Amedeo , Silvi Stefania , Verdenelli Maria Cristina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Probiotic supplementation approach offers the possibility to shape the gut microbiota (GM), enabling the development of innovative formulations able to improve intestinal well-being and consequently the related body weight modulation and energy metabolism. In the present clinical study, a new potential probiotic supplement based on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC 510 was studied for weight management.

Methods and Results
Quantitative characterization by qPCR of representative bacterial groups of GM was used to determine the microbiota modulation at different supplementation periods. Furthermore, measurement of the endpoints linked to weight control (body mass index, body weight, waist circumference) was assessed. Specific questionnaires to evaluate the impact on psychological and physiological point of view were performed. Results showed that after 90 days, Lact. plantarum IMC 510 supplementation brought an improvement in endpoints linked to weight control and healthy status, although no significant changes in the microbiota composition were reported for analysed bacterial groups, except for Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp.

Conclusions
We concluded that Lact. plantarum IMC 510 supplementation could be an interesting tool for weight management. More studies are needed to understand the impact on GM, for example, evaluating the production of short-chain fatty acids, since their important role in dietary metabolism. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the relationship between GM and overweight and the mechanism of action by which Lact. plantarum IMC 510 modifies body weight.

Significance and Impact of the Study
However, these promising outcomes represent a clear advantage of probiotic supplementation and identify a new potential probiotic as a novel and safe therapeutic approach in the obesity prevention and management.
Cover Image, volume 34, Issue 5
Authors: Zhu Jiakang , Xie Chenyang , Wang Yingkai , Yu Haiyang 
Published: July 2022

The cover image is based on the Clinical Article A digital workflow for accurately and rapidly creating an immediate provisional restoration with natural emergence profile using extracted tooth by Jiakang Zhu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12836.image
Microneedle delivery of botulinum toxin type A combined with hyaluronic acid for the synergetic management of multiple sternal keloids with oily skin: A retrospective clinical investigation
Authors: Zhang Shunuo , Peng Yuan , Fan Hua , Zhang Yixin , Min Peiru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor the treatment of sternal keloids, corticosteroid therapy has side effects including abnormal sebum secretion and acne. Relapse of keloids is common after corticosteroid injection in patients with oily skin. To reduce side effects and keloid recurrence, we used a combination of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as synergetic management for multiple sternal keloids in patients with oily skin.MethodsIn total, 58 patients with multiple sternal keloids who received monthly steroid injections were retrospectively included. Thirty‐two patients in the intervention group received an additional injection of BTX‐A/HA on the same day as the first injection of the steroid, while the remaining 26 patients were treated as the control group. At baseline and follow‐up visits, sebum production and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were assessed as primary outcomes, and the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, keloid recurrence, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and patient satisfaction were assessed as secondary outcomes.ResultsIn the control group, average sebum production and TEWL were increased to 132% and 104% of baseline, respectively, at the 24‐week follow‐up. In the intervention group, average sebum production and TEWL reached nadir at the 8‐week follow‐up and then increased to 96% and 91% of baseline, respectively, at the 24‐week follow‐up. Sternal keloid relapse was observed in 88.5% of the patients in the control group and none of the patients in the intervention group. The total VSS score at 24 weeks was 11.04 ± 0.14 and 8.93 ± 0.26 (p < 0.001) in the control group and intervention group, respectively, and the VAS score was 75 ± 5.10 and 19.14 ± 3.80 (p < 0.001) in the control group and intervention group, respectively. Higher patient satisfaction was reported in the intervention group.ConclusionsMicroneedle delivery of BTX‐A/HA decreases sebum production while improving skin barrier function. Thus, this combined therapy can relieve the side effects of corticosteroid therapy and reduce keloid recurrence.
Leiomyosarcoma arising from the ovarian vein as a gynecologic malignancy: Two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Goda Tomohiro , Sato Kazuki , Suzuki Mariko , Kanda Tomoko , Sato Yasumasa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLeiomyosarcoma arising from the ovarian vein has rarely been reported. Herein, we report two cases from a single institute. Given their direct connections to ovarian vessels, both leiomyosarcomas were initially suspected to be gynecological malignancies. In one case, leiomyosarcoma was discovered incidentally without any clinical symptoms; it had a close connection with the ovarian vein, was removed surgically, and the patient has survived for over 12 years. In another case, bowel obstruction caused by the tumor helped to identify metastatic leiomyosarcoma. Blood flow was supplied by the ovarian artery and grew into the lumen of the ovarian vein without invading adjacent organs. After surgical resection, the patient underwent 18 months of chemotherapy prior to palliative care. We propose that leiomyosarcoma arising from the ovarian vein should be treated as a gynecologic malignancy, especially if it develops in the lower abdomen.
Diagnostic accuracy of home sleep apnea testing using peripheral arterial tonometry for sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ichikawa Masahiro , Akiyama Tomoaki , Tsujimoto Yasushi , Anan Keisuke , Yamakawa Tadashi , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of home sleep apnea testing using peripheral arterial tonometry for sleep apnea as an alternative to polysomnography. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and diagnostic case–control studies examining the diagnostic accuracy of peripheral arterial tonometry by searching the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov databases on 5 October 2021. We assessed the risk of bias of the included studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool. A bivariate random‐effects model was generated to derive the summary point estimates of sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals at different apnea–hypopnea index cutoffs. This meta‐analysis included 13 studies (1227 participants, median prevalence of sleep apnea with apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 5 events per hr: 85%). The risk of bias in the included studies was low to moderate. The pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates were 96% (95% confidence interval: 93%–97%) and 44% (95% confidence interval: 32%–56%) at apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 5 events per hr, 88% (85%–91%) and 74% (63%–83%) at apnea–hypopnea index ≧ 15 events per hr, and 80% (66%–89%) and 90% (83%–95%) at apnea–hypopnea index ≧ 30 events per hr, respectively. Peripheral arterial tonometry resulted in a significant number of false negatives and false positives at any apnea–hypopnea index cutoff when applied to the median prevalence setting of the included studies. The inadequate sensitivity and specificity of peripheral arterial tonometry render it an unsuitable alternative to polysomnography for detecting sleep apnea for apnea–hypopnea index ≧ 5, 15 and 30 events per hr.