bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
АГРОКУЛЬТУРНА РОБОТА СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ КООПЕРАЦІЇ В РОКИ НЕПУ ЩОДО ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ВРОЖАЙНОСТІ СЕЛЯНСЬКИХ ПОСІВІВ ЗЕРНОВИХ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Лазуренко Валентин , Очеретяний Владислав 
Published: May 2022

У статті проаналізовано напрямки агрокультурної роботи сільськогосподарської кооперації в роки нової економічної політики (1921 – 1928 рр.) щодо підвищення агрокультури селянського зерновиробництва.
Обслуговування нагальних агрокультурних та агровиробничих потреб власників індивідуальних селянських господарств з метою підвищення врожайності селянських посівів насамперед зернових культур для подальшого зростання їх продуктивності і товарності було одним із основних завдань сільськогосподарської кооперації. Дослідження є актуальним з огляду на значення зерновиробництва для продовольчої безпеки України.
Мета статті: з’ясувати напрямки агрокультурної роботи сільськогосподарської кооперації в роки непу щодо підвищення врожайності селянських посівів зернових культур, а отже – і зростання товарності селянських господарств.
Теоретико-методологічні засади статті ґрунтуються на загальнонаукових принципах історичного дослідження. Основоположне значення мають принципи історизму, об’єктивності, системності, всебічності, наступності, науковості, які дали можливість розкрити агрокультурну роботу сільськогосподарської кооперації в роки нової економічної політики (1921 – 1929 рр.) щодо підвищення агрокультури селянського зерновиробництва. Під час написання статті застосовувалися загальнонаукові (структурно-функціональний, наукового аналізу та синтезу, конкретно-пошуковий), власне історичні (порівняльно-історичний, проблемно-хронологічний) методи.
З’ясовано, що реалізація всіх форм агрокультурної роботи кооперативної системи сприяла підвищенню врожайності селянських посівів зернових культур, зростанню продуктивності і товарності селянських господарств. Оскільки посіви зернових культур мало практично кожне українське селянське господарство, саме завдяки професіоналізму фахівців сільськогосподарської кооперації, які постійно нарощували господарсько-виробничий досвід і вдосконалювали організаційно-управлінські якості, вдалось посилити інтенсифікацію селянських господарств шляхом механізації, створення прокатних та зерноочисних пунктів, пересувних та стаціонарних ремонтних майстерень та інших заходів. Ці заходи сприяли зростанню процесів масового вступу селян до кооперативних товариств.
Кооперація активно сприяла тому, щоб індивідуальні селянські господарства виходили за споживчі рамки і ставали товарними. Просвітницька агрокультурна робота серед селянства щодо впровадження новацій і прогресивних методів обробки земельних площ також набула масштабності й організованості.
Тобто, сільськогосподарська кооперація стала важливим чинником покращення життєдіяльності українського селянства і активним учасником впровадження ринкових відносин в сільськогосподарське виробництво загалом і зерновиробництво зокрема
Биоэтанол – сырье для получения ценных химических соединений
Authors: Мамбетова М , Досумов K , Ергазиева Г , Тельбаева М , Байжомартов B , Зиятхан М , Куаныш И 
Published: May 2022

В данном обзоре проведен анализ производства биоэтанола из различных источников биомассы. Были рассмотрены последние данные о производстве биоэтанола в различных странах, включая важность биоэтанола, производимого в нашей стране. Основным сырьем для получения биоэтанола являются сахарный тростник, сахарная свекла, пшеница, рис, маниока, ячмень, сладкое сорго, биомасса водоросли. В процессе получения биоэтанола основное внимание уделяется, прежде всего, природе сырья, различиям в его биохимическом составе и стоимости сырья. Крупнейшими производителями биоэтанола в мире являются США и Бразилия. В Бразилии биоэтанол производят из сахарного тростника, в США основным сырьем для производства биотоплива является кукуруза. В нашей стране биоэтанол получают в основном из пшеницы.
Кроме того, в данном обзоре на основании литературных источников анализируются способы каталитической переработки биоэтанола в ценные химические соединения, такие как ацетальдегид, 1,1-диэтоксиэтан, бутанол. Ацетальдегид, полученный из биоэтанола, является важным сырьем для производства других химических веществ, например, уксусной кислоты, уксусного ангидрида и др. 1,1-диэтоксиэтан, бутанол могут использоваться в качестве растворителей, октаноповышающей добавки к топливам. Бутанол также применяется в синтезе многих органических соединений, таких как бутилацетат, бутилакрилат и др. Если учесть, что биоэтанол может быть произведен не только из сельскохозяйственной продукции, но и из различных отходов, содержащих сахара и крахмал, то переработка биоэтанола в продукты с добавленной стоимостью является экономически эффективным и экологически целесообразным.
Современные тенденции развития социально-экономического мониторинга на примере Каргалинского района Актюбинской области
Authors: Берденов Ж. 
Published: May 2022

Научная работа показывает эффективность создания системы регионального мониторинга социально-экономических процессов, которая своевременно поможет выявить сильные и слабые стороны развития территории для своевременного реагирования и эффективного управления на региональном уровне. В данной статье отражены проблемы экономического и социального развития Каргалинского района Актюбинской области, раскрыты сильные и слабые стороны, касающиеся разных отраслей экономики региона. На основе анализа текущей ситуации сделана оценка ситуации по разным отраслям. Выявлено основное направление экономики региона.
Au-Rh /ASA катализаторын дайындау әдісінің бензолды гидрлеу реакциясына әсері
Authors: Конуспаев С. , Нұрлан Ә. 
Published: May 2022

Бензол мен толуолдың жоғары меншікті бетке ие аморфты синтетикалық алюмосиликат (ASA, саудалық атауы Siral-40) тасымалдағышына отырғызылған родий және алтын катализаторын қолданып, этанолда, сутек қысымында гидрлену нәтижесі салыстырылды. Катализаторлар екі түрлі әдіспен дайындалды: ылғал сыйымдылығы бойынша сіңіру және коллоидтық әдіс. Сондай-ақ, катализаторлар сіңдіру арқылы екі нұсқада дайындалды: родий мен алтын тұздарын бір уақытта сіңдіру және алдымен бір металдың тұзын, содан кейін екінші металды ретімен сіңіру. Катализаторлар индуктивті байланысқан плазма-оптикалық эмиссиялық спектроскопия (ICP-OES) әдісімен зерттелді. Бензолды селективті гидрлеу үшін ылғал сыйымдылығы бойынша сіңдіру арқылы дайындалған катализаторлар ең тиімді екендігі анықталды. Катализатордың белсенділігі катализатор бетіндегі бензол мен толуолды белсендіру үшін қатетті родий мөлшеріне байланысты. Коллоидтық әдіспен дайындалған катализаторларда белсенді родий металы кеуектердің ішіне еніп, алтын катализатордың бетінде қалатындықтан оның белсенділігі төмен, ал сіңдіру арқылы дайындалған катализаторлардың бетіндегі родий мөлшері теориялық мүмкіндікке жақын. Аталмыш соңғы катализаторда толуол қатысында бензолды гидрлеудің селективтілігі 84% құрайды.
Динамика гидрографической сети дельты реки Урал
Authors: Кабиев Е. 
Published: May 2022

Дельта реки Урал, расположенная в казахстанском секторе Каспийского моря, характеризующаяся прилегающим к ней побережьем и морской акваторией, является одной из неустойчивых территорий, сильно изменяющихся относительно пространственного времени. Повышение и снижение уровня Каспийского моря является одной из основных причин изменения дельты реки, включая среду обитания животных и птиц в этом регионе. Также неэффективное использование природных ресурсов привело к резкому изменению физико-географического положения региона. Очевидно, что гидрологические изменения дельты реки представляют дополнительную опасность для естественных аквальных геосистем.
Прямое и косвенное влияние антропогенных факторов на дельтовую систему реки Урал вызывает изменения в их морфологии. В работе рассмотрены исследования новейшей эволюции береговой системы в целом.
Cryogel Scaffold-Mediated Delivery of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promotes Healing in Murine Model of Atrophic Non-Union
Authors: Hixon Katherine R. , Katz Dakota B. , McKenzie Jennifer A. , Miller Anna N. , Guilak Farshid , Silva Matthew J. 
Published: May 2022

Non-union is defined as the permanent failure of a bone to heal and occurs clinically in 5% of fractures. Atrophic non-unions, characterized by absent/minimal callus formation, are poorly understood and difficult to treat. We recently demonstrated a novel murine model of atrophic non-union in the 3.6Col1A1-tk (Col1-tk) mouse, wherein dosing with the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV) was used to deplete proliferating osteoprogenitor cells, leading to a radiographic and biomechanical non-union after the mid-shaft femur fracture. Using this Col1-tk atrophic non-union model, we hypothesized that the scaffold-mediated lentiviral delivery of doxycycline-inducible BMP-2 transgenes would induce osteogenesis at the fracture site. Cryogel scaffolds were used as a vehicle for GFP+ and BMP-2+ cell delivery to the site of non-union. Cryogel scaffolds were biofabricated through the cross-linking of a chitosan–gelatin polymer solution at subzero temperatures, which results in a macroporous, spongy structure that may be advantageous for a bone regeneration application. Murine adipose-derived stem cells were seeded onto the cryogel scaffolds, where they underwent lentiviral transduction. Following the establishment of atrophic non-unions in the femurs of Col1-tk mice (4 weeks post-fracture), transduced, seeded scaffolds were surgically placed around the site of non-union, and the animals were given doxycycline water to induce BMP-2 production. Controls included GFP+ cells on the cryogel scaffolds, acellular scaffolds, and sham (no scaffold). Weekly radiographs were taken, and endpoint analysis included micro-CT and histological staining. After 2 weeks of implantation, the BMP-2+ scaffolds were infiltrated with cartilage and woven bone at the non-union site, while GFP+ scaffolds had woven bone formation. Later, timepoints of 8 weeks had woven bone and vessel formation within the BMP-2+ and GFP + scaffolds with cortical bridging of the original fracture site in both groups. Overall, the cell-seeded cryogels promoted osseous healing. However, while the addition of BMP-2 promoted the endochondral ossification, it may provide a slower route to healing. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for cellularized cryogel scaffolds to enhance the healing of non-unions.
FAS2FURIOUS: Moderate-Throughput Secreted Expression of Difficult Recombinant Proteins in Drosophila S2 Cells
Authors: Coker Jesse A. , Katis Vittorio L. , Fairhead Michael , Schwenzer Anja , Clemmensen Stine B. , Frandsen Bent U. , de Jongh Willem A. , Gileadi Opher , Burgess-Brown Nicola A. , Marsden Brian D. , Midwood Kim S. , Yue Wyatt W. 
Published: May 2022

Recombinant protein expression in eukaryotic insect cells is a powerful approach for producing challenging targets. However, due to incompatibility with standard baculoviral platforms and existing low-throughput methodology, the use of the Drosophila melanogaster “S2” cell line lags behind more common insect cell lines such as Sf9 or High-Five™. Due to the advantages of S2 cells, particularly for secreted and secretable proteins, the lack of a simple and parallelizable S2-based platform represents a bottleneck, particularly for biochemical and biophysical laboratories. Therefore, we developed FAS2FURIOUS, a simple and rapid S2 expression pipeline built upon an existing low-throughput commercial platform. FAS2FURIOUS is comparable in effort to simple E. coli systems and allows users to clone and test up to 46 constructs in just 2 weeks. Given the ability of S2 cells to express challenging targets, including receptor ectodomains, secreted glycoproteins, and viral antigens, FAS2FURIOUS represents an attractive orthogonal approach for protein expression in eukaryotic cells.
Higenamine Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Myocyte Apoptosis by Suppressing AMPK Activation
Authors: Jin Cuiliu , Chai Yu , Hu Zhimin , Tian Wencong , Ling Wang , Li Jing , Wu Meiping 
Published: May 2022

Background: As an effective antitumor drug, doxorubicin (DOX) is primarily used to treat solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, increasing evidence has emerged indicating its cardiotoxicity, and few solutions have been proposed to counter this side effect. Higenamine (HG) is a natural compound widely found in many Chinese herbs and also serves as a component in many healthcare products. Several studies have demonstrated its cardioprotective effect in different models, but little is known about the underlying influences of HG against myocardial damage from DOX-induced chronic cardiotoxicity.Methods and Results: C57BL/6 mice and neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) were used to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of HG against DOX-induced myocardial damage. In mice, DOX (intraperitoneally injected 5 mg/kg every 3 days for 4 weeks) significantly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac atrophy, and cardiac dysfunction, which were significantly attenuated by HG (intragastrically administered with 10 mg/kg every day for 4 weeks). In NRVMs, DOX (3 μM for 24 h) significantly increased cell apoptosis and the level of reactive oxygen species while reducing the level of superoxide dismutase and mitochondrial membrane potential. Remarkably, HG can reverse these pathological changes caused by DOX. Interestingly, the protective effect of HG on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity was independent of the activation of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), known for mediating the effect of HG on antagonizing ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac apoptosis. Furthermore, HG attenuated the abnormal activation of phosphorylated adenosine-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Consistently, AMPK agonists (AICAR) can eliminate these pharmacological actions of HG.Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggested that HG alleviated DOX-induced chronic myocardial injury by suppressing AMPK activation and ROS production.
Timing of Sedimentary Evolution and Transgressions in the Bohai Sea During the Last ∼200 ka: Constraints from Luminescence Dating of a Core from the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Jian , Wang Yixuan , Chen Tianyuan , Abbas Mahmoud , Qian Shengling 
Published: May 2022

The southwestern coast of the Bohai Sea is a favorable area to study land-sea interactions and palaeoenvironmental changes. The Bohai Sea hosts vast volumes of sediment discharged from rivers of mainland China and has undergone large-scale sea-level fluctuations during the Quaternary. Three transgressions have been previously determined for the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene. However, the timings of the two earlier transgressions are still unclear. Here we present chronological, micropalaeontological, and sedimentological data for an 80-m-long sediment core recovered from the modern Yellow River delta. The changes in grain size and foraminiferal assemblages suggest the occurrence of three marine sedimentary units, M-3, M-2, and M-1, that represent transgressions of the Bohai Sea. We applied optically stimulated luminescence dating using both quartz and feldspar minerals on 15 samples obtained from core YRD-1401 and eight radiocarbon ages using fragments of microfossils shells and organic carbon. Our quartz optically stimulated luminescence ages for M-2 (ca. 60 ka), are consistent with K-feldspar post-infrared stimulated luminescence ages, suggesting that M-2 on the southwestern coast of the Bohai Sea was deposited during early MIS 3. The sea level of the Bohai Sea during early MIS 3 is estimated to have ranged from 26.8 to 19.9 m below the present sea level. Luminescence ages and foraminiferal assemblages indicate that M-3 was likely formed during MIS 5 and a tidal-river environment prevailed on the southwestern coast of the Bohai Sea during MIS 6 or earlier.
Flowability of Crumbler Rotary Shear Size-Reduced Granular Biomass: An Experiment-Informed Modeling Study on the Angle of Repose
Authors: Hamed Ahmed , Xia Yidong , Saha Nepu , Klinger Jordan , Lanning David N. , Dooley Jim 
Published: May 2022

Biomass has potential as a carbon-neutral alternative to petroleum for chemical and energy products. However, complete replacement of fossil fuel is contingent upon efficient processes to eliminate undesirable characteristics of biomass, e.g., low bulk density, variability, and storage-induced quality problems. Mechanical size reduction via comminution is a processing operation to engineer favorable biomass flowability in handling. Crumbler rotary shear mill has been empirically demonstrated to produce more uniformly shaped particles with higher flowability than hammermilled biomass. This study combines modeling and experimentation to unveil fundamental understandings of the relation between granular particle characteristics and biomass flow behavior, which elucidate underlying mechanisms and guide selection of critical processing parameters. For this purpose, the impact of critical material attributes, including particle size (2–6 mm), particle shape (briquette, chip, clumped-sphere, cube, etc.), and surface roughness, on the angle of repose (AOR) of milled pine chips were investigated using discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Forest Concepts Crumbler rotary shear system is used to produce milled pine particles within the same size range considered in DEM simulations. AOR of different sets of these particles were measured experimentally to benchmark DEM results against experimental data. Specific energy consumption for the comminution of biomass with different particle size and moisture content are measured for technoeconomic analysis. Our results show that the smaller size (2 mm) of pine particle achieves better followability (i.e., smaller AOR) while the energy cost of comminution is significantly higher and bulk density is almost the same as the 6-mm pine particles. For the 2-mm particle size, Crumbles from veneer have better flow properties than Crumbles from chips. Contrarily, no significant difference was observed between the AOR of the two materials for the 6-mm particle size. Furthermore, from DEM simulations, mechanical interlocking between particles was found as a dominant factor in determining AOR of complex-shaped particles such as milled pine, which cannot be accurately captured by using simple particle shapes (e.g., mono-sphere) with a rolling resistance model. Conversely, clumped-sphere model alleviates this limitation without increasing computational cost significantly and can be used for accurate representation of biomass granular particles when simulating free-flow behavior.
Grain Size and Macrosegregation Control of Large-Sized AA2219 Billets by Internal Electromagnetic Stirring in DC Casting
Authors: Zhao Haodong , Zhang Zhifeng , Li Bao , Bai Yuelong , Gao Mingwei 
Published: May 2022

This work focuses on the effect of internal electromagnetic stirring (IEMS) on grain size and macrosegregation in direct-chill (DC) casting of an AA2219 billet with a diameter of 880 mm. The IEMS process has been applied to provide forced convection within the solidifying melt to achieve an efficient reduction of mean grain size and alleviate the formation of macrosegregation. Two casting electromagnetic parameters (the stirring electric current and frequency) of the IEMS process were applied to assess the uniformity of the microstructure and macrosegregation of the billet. The experimental results show that finer and more uniform grains in the billet prepared by the IEMS process than those of traditional DC casting have been observed. The IEMS process has a great influence on the improvement of the macrosegregation, but the greater electromagnetic field would result in worse macrosegregation in the center of the billet.
Identification of IQGAP1 as a SLC26A4 (Pendrin)-Binding Protein in the Kidney
Authors: Xu Jie , Barone Sharon , Varasteh Kia Mujan , Holliday L. Shannon , Zahedi Kamyar , Soleimani Manoocher 
Published: May 2022

Background: Several members of the SLC26A family of transporters, including SLC26A3 (DRA), SLC26A5 (prestin), SLC26A6 (PAT-1; CFEX) and SLC26A9, form multi-protein complexes with a number of molecules (e.g., cytoskeletal proteins, anchoring or adaptor proteins, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and protein kinases). These interactions provide regulatory signals for these molecules. However, the identity of proteins that interact with the Cl−/HCO3− exchanger, SLC26A4 (pendrin), have yet to be determined. The purpose of this study is to identify the protein(s) that interact with pendrin.Methods: A yeast two hybrid (Y2H) system was employed to screen a mouse kidney cDNA library using the C-terminal fragment of SLC26A4 as bait. Immunofluorescence microscopic examination of kidney sections, as well as co-immunoprecipitation assays, were performed using affinity purified antibodies and kidney protein extracts to confirm the co-localization and interaction of pendrin and the identified binding partners. Co-expression studies were carried out in cultured cells to examine the effect of binding partners on pendrin trafficking and activity.Results: The Y2H studies identified IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as a protein that binds to SLC26A4’s C-terminus. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments using affinity purified anti-IQGAP1 antibodies followed by western blot analysis of kidney protein eluates using pendrin-specific antibodies confirmed the interaction of pendrin and IQGAP1. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies demonstrated that IQGAP1 co-localizes with pendrin on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells, whereas it shows basolateral expression in A-intercalated cells in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Functional and confocal studies in HEK-293 cells, as well as confocal studies in MDCK cells, demonstrated that the co-transfection of pendrin and IQGAP1 shows strong co-localization of the two molecules on the plasma membrane along with enhanced Cl−/HCO3− exchanger activity.Conclusion: IQGAP1 was identified as a protein that binds to the C-terminus of pendrin in B-intercalated cells. IQGAP1 co-localized with pendrin on the apical membrane of B-intercalated cells. Co-expression of IQGAP1 with pendrin resulted in strong co-localization of the two molecules and increased the activity of pendrin in the plasma membrane in cultured cells. We propose that pendrin’s interaction with IQGAP1 may play a critical role in the regulation of CCD function and physiology, and that disruption of this interaction could contribute to altered pendrin trafficking and/or activity in pathophysiologic states.