bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberating more than light: Laser removal of branding tattoos is impactful in the recovery of sex trafficking survivors
Authors: Guo Emily L. , Kream Elizabeth , Merlo Alisha , Friedman Paul M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesSex trafficking involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to engage in commercial sex acts. In 2020, 16,658 individuals were identified as sex trafficking victims in the United States, with thousands more not reported. Many victims are branded by their traffickers with tattoos conveying ownership, including names, symbols, and barcodes. We have partnered with local non‐profits in Houston supporting sex trafficking survivors by providing pro bono laser tattoo removal, however we believe there is a greater need at a national level to support these survivors, allowing them to reclaim their bodies.MethodsAn online survey aimed at assessing the need and potential impact for pro bono branding tattoo laser removal services was distributed to United States organizations that support sex trafficking survivors.ResultsForty organizations based in the Northeast (15%), Midwest (20%), South (45%), and West (20%) responded. Organizations support on average 81 survivors annually, ranging from 3 to 600 survivors, and estimate that 47% of survivors have branding tattoos. Among survivors with branding tattoos, approximately 67% were identified at an appropriate recovery stage to undergo laser removal. On a scale of 1–10 with 10 being the most impactful on recovery, removal of branding tattoos received an average impact score of 9.2. On a scale of 1–10, with 10 being the most need, pro bono services for laser removal received an average need score of 9.1. Qualitative responses provided several insights: laser removal may be associated with enhanced healing compared to tattoo cover‐up, and survivors frequently move during their recovery process thus a successful removal campaign would require a nationwide network of partnering laser surgeons.ConclusionsApproximately 1 in 2 sex trafficking survivors are estimated to have branding tattoos and the removal of these tattoos is recognized as highly impactful on recovery. We propose a philanthropic campaign which involves the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery (ASLMS) establishing a national directory to connect sex trafficking survivors seeking removal of branding tattoos with interested ASLMS board‐certified physician members.
Circularly polarized directive hybrid patch/horn antenna for upper band 5G applications
Authors: Shehata Rania Eid A. , Hindy Moataza , Elmekati Hamdi , Elboushi Ayman 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA circularly polarized high gain hybrid rectangular patch/horn antenna with chamfered corners is presented in this paper. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed design extends from 26.7 to 28.7 GHz. The suggested design antenna exhibits circular polarization propagation over the working band, which is achieved by introducing chamfered corner overlapped patch antennas surrounded by the truncated pyramidal horn. The main purpose of this horn is to enhance the overall gain without any deterioration of other antenna characteristics (more than 4 dB over the operating band when compared to the patch antenna). The maximum measured gain of the hybrid antenna is 10.9 dBi. The radiation patterns of the hybrid antenna show directive broadside radiation with stable performance over the whole frequency band. The suggested antenna is analyzed and designed applying both the numerical simulator (CSTMWS and HFSS).
Gestational malnutrition, hyperemesis gravidarum, and Wernicke's encephalopathy: What is missing?
Authors: Erick Miriam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHyperemesis gravidarum (HG), or the severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, is one of the most dreaded complications of gestation, affecting between 1.5% and 3.0% of pregnant women. From the late 1800s to the mid‐1980s, the etiology was frequently cited to have psychological and/or—later—perhaps hormonal origins, which have numbered at least 10. Current research has unearthed a genetic basis for HG that implicates growth differentiation factor 15, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 7, and hormone receptors (namely, glial cell line–derived neurogenic factor family receptor alpha‐like and the progesterone receptor). Whatever the origins of this disease, it has caused immeasurable physiological and psychological damage to women, their fetuses, and their families. The psychological trauma includes a high rate of suicidal ideation as well as posttraumatic stress disorder. Whereas the healthcare costs are substantial for the mother with HG, the lifetime costs to the neonate include that which accompanies reduced employment earnings related to cognitive compromise. Another devastating outcome of severe HG can be Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), which has a high fetal and maternal mortality rate. Our study explored 18 current reports of HG and WE. We highlighted additional presenting features we believe also accompany, and sometimes replace, the classically taught triad components of WE: ataxia, confabulation, and nystagmus. We agree with the conclusion made by Sheehan and Ironside in 1939 that thiamin alone may not reverse WE, and we offer possible explanations. Lastly, we offer suggestions for remediation.
The scaled boundary finite element method for dispersive wave propagation in higher‐order continua
Authors: Daneshyar Alireza , Sotoudeh Payam , Ghaemian Mohsen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe classical theory of elasticity relies on the perfect structure of matter. No matter how small a medium is, it always stays homogeneous—but the reality is different. Even though the classical continuum mechanics suffices well for describing phenomena that evolve at super‐microscopic scales, it ceases to reproduce reasonable responses when the size effects are pronounced. It is due to the local constitutive equations of classical continuum mechanics, which are devoid of any length scales associated with the underlying microstructure. The gradient‐dependent theory of elasticity redresses this shortcoming by incorporating the kinematic quantities of the corresponding representative volume element by enriching the differential equations with higher‐order spatial and temporal derivatives. In this study, the scaled boundary finite element method is formulated for the equations of motion with higher‐order inertia terms. To this end, the semi‐discretized scaled boundary finite element equations of the medium are derived by introducing the scaled boundary transformation of geometry to the gradient‐enriched equations of motion and applying the Galerkin method of weighted residuals. It is shown that the well‐established available solution methods are incapable of handling the frequency‐domain representation of the derived formulation. Accordingly, a numerical solution method based on the shooting technique is proposed. The solution procedure is formulated for general numerical integration schemes via the infinite Taylor series. The evolution of the impedance‐diffusion matrix and contribution of inter‐subdomain forces and tractions are extracted. Four different numerical integration methods are employed to describe the solution procedure. In addition, a comparison regarding their computational efficiency is presented. For the sake of verification, the scaled boundary finite element solutions of three numerical examples are compared with reference solutions that are obtained using finite element models with extremely fine meshes. The convergence trends are also presented for both ‐ and ‐refinement methods. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed formulation in reproducing accurate responses.
A fast numerical solution of the 3D nonlinear tempered fractional integrodifferential equation
Authors: Qiao Leijie , Qiu Wenlin , Tang Bo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the numerical solution of the three‐dimensional (3D) nonlinear tempered fractional integrodifferential equation which is subject to the initial and boundary conditions. The backward Euler (BE) method in association with the first‐order convolution quadrature rule is employed to discretize this equation for time, and the Galerkin finite element method is applied for space, which is combined with an alternating direction implicit (ADI) algorithm, in order to reduce the computational cost for solving the three‐dimensional nonlocal problem. Then a fully discrete BE ADI Galerkin finite element scheme can be obtained by linearizing the non‐linear term. Thereafter we prove a positive‐type lemma, from which the stability and convergence of the proposed numerical scheme are derived based on the energy method. Numerical experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Evaluation of the pan‐class I phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor copanlisib in the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium in vivo models of osteosarcoma
Authors: Harrison Douglas , Gill Jonathan , Roth Michael , Hingorani Pooja , Zhang Wendong , Teicher Beverly , Earley Eric , Erickson Stephen , Gatto Gregory , Kurmasheva Raushan , Houghton Peter , Smith Malcolm , Anders Kolb E. , Gorlick Richard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCopanlisib is a pan‐class I phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, with activity against all four PI3K class I isoforms (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ, and PI3Kδ). Whole‐genome and RNA sequencing data have revealed several PI3K aberrations in osteosarcoma tumor samples. The in vivo anticancer effects of copanlisib were assessed in a panel of six osteosarcoma models. Copanlisib induced prolonged event‐free survival in five of six osteosarcoma models; however, all models demonstrated progressive disease suggesting minimal activity. While copanlisib did not result in tumor regression, more data are needed to fully explore the role of the PI3K pathway in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.
Development of a multivariate prediction model to identify individual case safety reports which require clinical review
Authors: Gosselt Helen R. , Bazelmans Elizabeth A. , Lieber Thomas , van Hunsel Florence P. A. M. , Härmark Linda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe number of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) in pharmacovigilance databases are rapidly increasing world‐wide. The majority of ICSRs at the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb is reviewed manually to identify potential signal triggering reports (PSTR) or ICSRs which need further clinical assessment for other reasons.ObjectivesTo develop a prediction model to identify ICSRs that require clinical review, including PSTRs. Secondly, to identify the most important features of these reports.MethodsAll ICSRs (n = 30 424) received by Lareb between October 1, 2017 and February 26, 2021 were included. ICSRs originating from marketing authorisation holders and ICSRs reported on vaccines were excluded. The outcome was defined as PSTR (yes/no), where PSTR ‘yes’ was defined as an ICSR discussed at a signal detection meeting. Nineteen features were included, concerning structured information on: patients, adverse drug reactions (ADR) or drugs. Data were divided into a training (70%) and test set (30%) using a stratified split to maintain the PSTR/no PSTR ratio. Logistic regression, elastic net logistic regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting models were trained and tuned on a training set. Random down‐sampling of negative controls was applied on the training set to adjust for the imbalanced dataset. Final models were evaluated on the test set. Model performances were assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and specificity and precision were assessed at a threshold for perfect sensitivity (100%, to not miss any PSTRs). Feature importance plots were inspected and a selection of features was used to re‐train and test model performances with fewer features.Results1439 (4.7%) of reports were PSTR. All three models performed equally with a highest AUC of 0.75 (0.73–0.77). Despite moderate model performances, specificity (5%) and precision (5%) were low. Most important features were: ‘absence of ADR in the Summary of product characteristics’, ‘ADR reported as serious’, ‘ADR labelled as an important medical event’, ‘ADR reported by physician’ and ‘positive rechallenge’. Model performances were similar when using only nine of the most important features.ConclusionsWe developed a prediction model with moderate performances to identify PSTRs with nine commonly available features. Optimisation of the model using more ICSR information (e.g., free text fields) to increase model precision is required before implementation.
Interplay between hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in cysteine
Authors: Carugo Oliviero 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProtein structures are stabilized by several types of chemical interactions between amino acids, which can compete with each other. This is the case of chalcogen and hydrogen bonds formed by the thiol group of cysteine, which can form three hydrogen bonds with one hydrogen acceptor and two hydrogen donors and a chalcogen bond with a nucleophile along the extension of the CS bond. A survey of the Protein Data Bank shows that hydrogen bonds are about 40–50 more common than chalcogen bonds, suggesting that they are stronger and, consequently, prevail, though not always. It is also observed that frequently a thiol group that forms a chalcogen bond is also involved, as a hydrogen donor, in a hydrogen bond.
Worker intra‐urban residential migration and spatial labour market change in Melbourne's functional economic regions
Authors: Li Tiebei , Dodson Jago 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the intra‐urban residential migration of workers in Melbourne and assesses the spatial effects of this dynamic on urban internal structure and spatial labour markets. Intra‐urban migration is an important category of internal migration that relocates human and social capital in urban areas, contributing to changes in urban residential and labour market structure. This paper fills the gap in internal migration literature by determining spatial residential movement dynamics through a spatial analysis of census‐based intra‐urban migration flow data. In addition to detailed migration flow analysis undertaken at a local scale, the paper contributes an improved economic data geography based on functional economic regions (FERs) that permits analysis of the intersection of worker migration flows with sub‐metropolitan labour markets. Our results show that intra‐urban migration results in a strong outward flow of workers in Melbourne, which primarily appears to be shaped by spatial housing markets. This process, in turn, contributes to the dispersion of labour markets in Melbourne, complicating policy aims concerning urban agglomeration and limiting urban spatial expansion.
Antibiotic administration via indwelling peritoneal catheter to treat infected malignant ascites
Authors: Jayawardena Thisuri , Vekaria Sona , Krivinskas Sophie , Sidhu Calvinjit , Chakera Aron , Lee Y. C. Gary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndwelling pleural catheter is an established management for malignant pleural effusions. Extending its use to patients with malignant ascites by insertion of a catheter intraperitoneally enables regular outpatient drainage and improves quality‐of‐life. However, indwelling pleural/peritoneal catheter (IPC/IPeC) is associated with catheter‐related infections, traditionally managed with systemic antibiotics and occasionally requires catheter removal. Direct administration of antibiotics intra‐abdominally via peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters is a well‐established, efficacious practice in PD‐related peritonitis and minimizes systemic adverse effects. We applied the same principles to a patient with peritoneal mesothelioma who developed peritonitis 3 weeks after insertion of IPeC. Intraperitoneal vancomycin was administered via, and compatible with, the IPeC. The patient tolerated the treatment without adverse effects and made a full recovery without requiring catheter removal.
Leader‐following consensus of multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Li Baoxing , Han Tao , Xiao Bo , Zhan Xi‐Sheng , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this thesis, we investigate a novel problem of security performance and consensus of multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems (ELSs) under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. First, we address how to make the system still function properly when the communication channel is cut off with intermittent DOS attacks by means of an event‐triggered mechanism. At the same time, due to the uncertainty of the system there, we introduce an exosystem to generate signals so that the global information can be observed normally by distributed observers. Then, ELSs can be consensus while still ensuring its security. Furthermore, on the basis of this adaptive distributed observer functioning in the system, the problem for multiple ELSs of leader‐following consensus is solved by using the Lyapunov method and the deterministic equivalence principle. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Extended sliding mode observer‐based high‐accuracy motion control for uncertain electro‐hydraulic systems
Authors: Nguyen Manh Hung , Dao Hoang Vu , Ahn Kyoung Kwan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel robust backstepping control strategy is introduced to achieve high‐accuracy tracking performance for electro‐hydraulic servo systems (EHSSs) without velocity information in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. Firstly, system dynamics of the studied EHSS considering parameter deviations, modeling errors, and unknown external loads which are grouped into lumped mismatched and matched disturbances in the mechanical system and pressure dynamics, respectively, are developed. On the basis of the sliding mode theory, two extended sliding mode observers (ESMOs) are originally established to simultaneously estimate the immeasurable angular velocity of the actuator, and lumped mismatched and matched uncertainties. As a consequence, an observer‐based controller is designed using the conventional backstepping technique to ensure a highly accurate tracking position control. In addition, the stability of the observer and overall closed‐loop control system is conclusively proven through the Lyapunov theory. Finally, several numerical simulations for an EHSS with a hydraulic rotary actuator are conducted to demonstrate the advantage of the recommended method compared to the existing well‐known extended state observer‐based control approaches.
Digital twin‐assisted fault diagnosis system for robot joints with insufficient data
Authors: Song Zelong , Shi Huaitao , Bai Xiaotian , Li Guowei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe robot joint is an important component of the construction robot, and its fault diagnosis can ensure the exact execution of building jobs, stable operation, and timely prevention of probable safety mishaps. However, deep learning‐based fault diagnosis needs a multitude of measured fault data, which is difficult to obtain for various reasons. To solve the problem of insufficient data, a digital twin‐assisted fault diagnosis system for robot joints is proposed. First, a simplified dynamics model of the robot joint is developed to generate the virtual entity data which can be used as the X‐domain data for the digital twin model. Second, a CycleGAN‐based digital twin model is proposed to map the virtual entity (X‐domain) data to the physical entity (Y‐domain) utilizing only a small amount of measured data. In the end, a test‐rig for the robot joint is built to simulate the robot's working conditions, and the CNN‐ResNet classifier is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the simulated data generated by the digital twin model. The results show that the fault diagnosis accuracy can be increased from 32.5% to 98.86% utilizing only 400 sets of measured data.
X-Linked Ichthyosis: New Insights Into a Multi-System Disorder
Authors: Wren Georgina H. , Davies William 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is a rare genetic condition almostexclusively affecting males; it is characterised by abnormal desquamation and retentionhyperkeratosis, and presents with polygonal brown scales. Most cases resultfrom genetic deletions within Xp22.31 spanning the STS (steroid sulfatase)gene, with the remaining cases resulting from STS-specific mutations. For manyyears it has been recognised that individuals with XLI are at increased risk ofcryptorchidism and corneal opacities.

Methods
We discuss emerging evidence that such individuals are alsomore likely to be affected by a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatrictraits, by cardiac arrhythmias, and by rare fibrotic and bleeding-relatedconditions. We consider candidate mechanisms that may confer elevatedlikelihood of these individual conditions, and propose a novel commonbiological risk pathway.

Results
Understanding the prevalence, nature and co-occurrence ofcomorbidities associated with XLI is critical for ensuring early identificationof symptoms and for providing the most effective genetic counselling andmultidisciplinary care for affected individuals.

Conclusion
Future work in males with XLI, and in new preclinical andcellular model systems, should further clarify underlying pathophysiologicalmechanisms amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Ultra‐Narrow Linewidth Photo‐Emitters in Polymorphic Selenium Nanoflakes
Authors: Hussain Naveed , Ahmed Shehzad , Tepe Hüseyin U. , Huang Kai , Avishan Nardin , He ShiJie , Rafique Mohsin , Farooq Umar , Kasirga Talip Serkan , Bek Alpan , Turan Rasit , Shehzad Khurram , Wu Hui , Wang Zhiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL) in state‐of‐the‐art 2D materials suffers from narrow spectral coverage, relatively broad linewidths, and poor room‐temperature (RT) functionality. The authors report ultra‐narrow linewidth photo‐emitters (ULPs) across the visible to near‐infrared wavelength at RT in polymorphic selenium nanoflakes (SeNFs), synthesized via a hot‐pressing strategy. Photo‐emitters in NIR exhibit full width at half maximum (Γ) of 330 ± 90 µeV, an order of magnitude narrower than the reported ULPs in 2D materials at 300 K, and decrease to 82 ± 70 µeV at 100 K, with coherence time (τc) of 21.3 ps. The capping substrate enforced spatial confinement during thermal expansion at 250 °C is believed to trigger a localized crystal symmetry breaking in SeNFs, causing a polymorphic transition from the semiconducting trigonal (t) to quasi‐metallic orthorhombic (orth) phase. Fine structure splitting in orth‐Se causes degeneracy in defect‐associated bright excitons, resulting in ultra‐sharp emission. Combined theoretical and experimental findings, an optimal biaxial compressive strain of −0.45% cm−1 in t‐Se is uncovered, induced by the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch at the selenium/sapphire interface, resulting in bandgap widening from 1.74 to 2.23 ± 0.1 eV. This report underpins the underlying correlation between crystal symmetry breaking induced polymorphism and RT ULPs in SeNFs, and their phase change characteristics.