bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Interpretation of Magnetotelluric and Potential Field Data From North-Eastern Norrbotten, Sweden
Authors: Vadoodi Roshanak , Rasmussen Thorkild Maack 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPotential field data in databases of the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) combined with newly acquired broadband magnetotelluric data are used to map and interpret geological units and structures of a 200 km by 250 km area in the Paleoproterozoic Norrbotten ore province (northern Sweden, latitudes 66°–68.5° and longitudes 19°–24°). In order to achieve this, a new approach is proposed with respect to extracting and analysing the possible correlation between modelled physical properties as well as their patterns with respect to depth variation within the crust. In this study, we propose the use of a neural net self-organising map procedure (SOM) for simplification, data reduction, and domain classification of the models derived from independent 3-D geophysical inversion of magnetotelluric, gravity, and magnetic data. The crustal model of the electrical conductivity structure was obtained from previous 3-D inversion of the magnetotelluric data. Processing and 3-D inversion of the regional magnetic and gravity field data were performed using an open-source object-oriented code called SimPEG. The input data to the SOM analysis contain resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and density model values within the Norrbotten area for some selected depth levels of the entire crust. The domain classification is discussed with respect to the geological boundaries and composition of the crust. Consistency between model domain classification and geological boundaries is observed in general but an apparent discrepancy is noted for some areas. The reason for the apparent discrepancy is likely related to that most geological boundaries represent surface features whereas the geophysical data includes information at depth.
Phototherapeutische Keratektomie bei Epithel-Basalmembran-Dystrophie
Authors: Adams C. , Mahler S. B. C. , Daas L. , Langenbucher A. , Seitz B. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Excimerlaser-assistierte phototherapeutische Keratektomie (PTK) hat sich in der Behandlung der Epithel-Basalmembran-Dystrophie (EBMD) – auch Map-Dot-Fingerprint-Dystrophie (MDF) – als Goldstandard etabliert. An der Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes UKS in Homburg/Saar, kamen Systeme von Zeiss und Schwind zum Einsatz, die wir in dieser Studie bezüglich der postoperativen Ergebnisse verglichen haben.

Patienten und Methoden
In die retrospektive Studie eingeschlossen wurden Patienten, die im Zeitraum 2007 bis 2017 mit der Diagnose MDF mittels PTK behandelt wurden. Es erfolgten 170 Operationen mittels des Lasersystems Zeiss Meditec MEL-70 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Deutschland) und 98 mittels Schwind eye-tech-solutions Amaris 750S (Schwind eye-tech-solutions GmbH, Kleinostheim, Deutschland). Erhoben wurden prä- und postoperative Werte zu Visus, Refraktion, Astigmatismus sowie Krümmungsdaten aus der Pentacam und Endothelzellcount. Der betrachtete Follow-up-Zeitraum betrug im Mittel 8 Monate.

Ergebnisse
In beiden Lasergruppen zeigten Patienten postoperativ eine signifikant bessere Sehschärfe (Zeiss: p < 0,001, Schwind p < 0,004). In der Schwind-Gruppe fiel diese jedoch geringer aus, wodurch ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den Lasersystemen mit Vorteil für die Zeiss-Gruppe bestand (p < 0,017). Zu signifikanten Veränderungen des sphärischen Äquivalents kam es weder im prä-/postoperativen Vergleich noch zwischen den Lasergruppen. Der Astigmatismus nahm postoperativ in der Zeiss-Gruppe ab (p < 0,042), während sich dieser bei Schwind-Patienten nicht signifikant änderte (p < 0,217). Dies führte postoperativ zu einem signifikanten Unterschied zwischen beiden Systemen (p < 0,014).

Schlussfolgerung
In Zusammenschau aller Ergebnisse kann die PTK im Einklang mit der bisherigen Literatur und unabhängig von den untersuchten Lasersystemen als eine effektive Behandlungsmethode bei EBMD empfohlen werden. Patienten profitieren von einer langen Rezidivfreiheit bei gebessertem oder gleichbleibendem Visus und stabiler Refraktion.
Large volume scanning laser induced fluorescence measurement of a bluff-body stabilised flame in an annular combustor
Authors: Govender Dirren , Wiseman Samuel , Dawson James R. , Worth Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study outlines a variant of three-dimensional OH planar laser-induced fluorescence and its application in characterising a single bluff body stabilised flame inside a 12 burner annular combustor. In this variant of the method a relatively large volume was scanned slowly in order to calculate the full three-dimensional Flame Surface Density (FSD) distribution. The method used a combination of two scanning directions to overcome bias errors associated with laser sheet positions close to the flame edges. The source of this bias error was confirmed numerically through a complimentary synthetic PLIF study, which was also used to refine the experimental setup. The bias error resulted in a reduction of FSD magnitude, although the method was still capable of capturing the flame structure. This was demonstrated by comparing the reconstructions from the two independent scan directions. Combining the data from both directions overcame the bias, and allowed flame asymmetry due to the confinement to be assessed. The FSD was used to determine the heat release rate of the flame with varying local azimuthal angle for different downstream regions. This highlighted the highly asymmetric structure, produced by the asymmetric confinement.

Graphical abstract
On the added value of statistical post-processing of regional climate models to identify homogeneous patterns of summer rainfall anomalies in Germany
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie , Schönbein Daniel , Paeth Heiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA fuzzy classification scheme that results in physically interpretable meteorological patterns associated with rainfall generation is applied to classify homogeneous regions of boreal summer rainfall anomalies in Germany. Four leading homogeneous regions are classified, representing the western, southeastern, eastern, and northern/northwestern parts of Germany with some overlap in the central parts of Germany. Variations of the sea level pressure gradient across Europe, e.g., between the continental and maritime regions, is the major phenomenon that triggers the time development of the rainfall regions by modulating wind patterns and moisture advection. Two regional climate models (REMO and CCLM4) were used to investigate the capability of climate models to reproduce the observed summer rainfall regions. Both regional climate models (RCMs) were once driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and once by the MPI-ESM general circulation model (GCM). Overall, the RCMs exhibit good performance in terms of the regionalization of summer rainfall in Germany; though the goodness-of-match with the rainfall regions/patterns from observational data is low in some cases and the REMO model driven by MPI-ESM fails to reproduce the western homogeneous rainfall region. Under future climate change, virtually the same leading modes of summer rainfall occur, suggesting that the basic synoptic processes associated with the regional patterns remain the same over Germany. We have also assessed the added value of bias-correcting the MPI-ESM driven RCMs using a simple linear scaling approach. The bias correction does not significantly alter the identification of homogeneous rainfall regions and, hence, does not improve their goodness-of-match compared to the observed patterns, except for the one case where the original RCM output completely fails to reproduce the observed pattern. While the linear scaling method improves the basic statistics of precipitation, it does not improve the simulated meteorological patterns represented by the precipitation regimes.
Left atrial function index (LAFI) and outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Shamekhi Jasmin , Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh , Sigel Helen , Maier Oliver , Piayda Kerstin , Zeus Tobias , Al-Kassou Baravan , Weber Marcel , Zimmer Sebastian , Sugiura Atsushi , Wilde Nihal , Kelm Malte , Nickenig Georg , Veulemans Verena , Sedaghat Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical data regarding the association between the left atrial function index (LAFI) and outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are limited.

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the association between the left atrial function index (LAFI) and outcome in patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods
In this retrospective multicenter study, we assessed baseline LAFI in 733 patients undergoing TAVR for severe aortic stenosis in two German high-volume centers between 2008 and 2019. Based on receiver operating characteristic curves, patients were stratified according to their baseline LAFI into two groups (LAFI ≤ 13.5 vs. LAFI > 13.5) and assessed for post-procedural outcome. The primary endpoint of our study was the 1-year all-cause mortality.

Results
Patients with a LAFI ≤ 13.5 had significantly more often atrial fibrillation (p < 0.001), lower LVEF (p < 0.001) and higher levels of NT-proBNP (p < 0.001). After TAVR, a significant improvement in the LAFI as compared to baseline was observed at 12 months after the procedure (28.4 vs. 32.9; p = 0.001). Compared to patients with a LAFI > 13.5, those with a LAFI ≤ 13.5 showed significantly higher rate of 1-year mortality (7.9% vs. 4.0%; p = 0.03). A lower LAFI has been identified as independent predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis (HR (95% CI) 2.0 (1.1–3.9); p = 0.03).

Conclusion
A reduced LAFI is associated with adverse outcome and an independent predictor of mortality in TAVR patients. TAVR improves LAFI within 12 months after the procedure.

Graphical abstract
Left Atrial Function Index (LAFI) in Patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of 1-year all-cause mortality in patients with LAFI ≤ 13.5 compared with patients with LAFI > 13.5. Comparing rates of 1-year all-cause mortality between the different LAFI groups, we found a significant association between left atrial function and mortality. LAFI Left atrial function index. B Comparison of the mean LAFI before and after TAVR. After long-term follow-up the LAFI improved significantly. LAFI Left atrial function index; FU follow-up. C Assessment of the left atrial function index using the pre-procedural transthoracic echocardiography. A Measurement of the minimal left atrial volume (LAEDV). B Assessment of the maximal left atrial volume (LAESV).
Approximating Multistage Matching Problems
Authors: Chimani Markus , Troost Niklas , Wiedera Tilo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn multistage perfect matching problems, we are given a sequence of graphs on the same vertex set and are asked to find a sequence of perfect matchings, corresponding to the sequence of graphs, such that consecutive matchings are as similar as possible. More precisely, we aim to maximize the intersections, or minimize the unions between consecutive matchings. We show that these problems are NP-hard even in very restricted scenarios. As our main contribution, we present the first non-trivial approximation algorithms for these problems: On the one hand, we devise a tight approximation on graph sequences of length two (2-stage graphs). On the other hand, we propose several general methods to deduce multistage approximations from blackbox approximations on 2-stage graphs.
Die Messung und Berechnung modaler Dämpfungen als Näherungsbeschreibung realer Systeme
Authors: Jaeger Markus , Franck Marius , Hameyer Kay 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungNach dem Stand der Technik ist es nicht möglich, die Geräuschcharakteristik eines elektrischen Antriebsstrangs mit zufriedenstellender Genauigkeit vorherzuberechnen. Eine Herausforderung stellt die strukturdynamische Beschreibung und insbesondere die Dämpfungsmodellierung dar. Ursache sind die verschiedenen zum Teil nicht linearen Mechanismen, welche zur Dämpfung beitragen. Unter anderem sind hier die Materialdämpfung, Schallabstrahlung und Fügestellendämpfung zu nennen. In dieser Arbeit werden für eine mögliche EMKS geeignete modale Dämpfungen am Beispiel von Aluminiumkörpern berechnet, indem die Beiträge durch Materialdämpfung und Schallabstrahlung unabhängig betrachtet werden. Auf Herausforderungen der Dämpfungsmessung zur Validierung wird im Detail eingegangen. Der Fehler durch die Modellierung eines nicht proportionalen Systems durch proportionale Dämpfung wird anhand einer berechneten FRF abgeschätzt. Die Methode ist für orthotrope Materialien anwendbar und kann prinzipiell auch Fügestellendämpfung abdecken.
Autistic traits and alcohol use in adolescents within the general population
Authors: Pijnenburg Lisa J. , Kaplun Anais , de Haan Lieuwe , Janecka Magdalena , Smith Lauren , Reichenberg Abraham , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Velthorst Eva ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt has been suggested that autistic traits are associated with less frequent alcohol use in adolescence. Our study seeks to examine the relationship between autistic traits and alcohol use in a large adolescent population. Leveraging data from the IMAGEN cohort, including 2045 14-year-old adolescents that were followed-up to age 18, we selected items on social preference/skills and rigidity from different questionnaires. We used linear regression models to (1) test the effect of the sum scores on the prevalence of alcohol use (AUDIT-C) over time, (2) explore the relationship between autistic traits and alcohol use patterns, and (3) explore the specific effect of each autistic trait on alcohol use. Higher scores on the selected items were associated with trajectories of less alcohol use from the ages between 14 and 18 (b = − 0.030; CI 95% = − 0.042, − 0.017; p < 0.001). Among adolescents who used alcohol, those who reported more autistic traits were also drinking less per occasion than their peers and were less likely to engage in binge drinking. We found significant associations between alcohol use and social preference (p < 0.001), nervousness for new situations (p = 0.001), and detail orientation (p < 0.001). Autistic traits (social impairment, detail orientation, and anxiety) may buffer against alcohol use in adolescence.
Introducing seasonal snow memory into the RUSLE
Authors: Mouris Kilian , Schwindt Sebastian , Haun Stefan , Morales Oreamuno Maria Fernanda , Wieprecht Silke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The sediment supply to rivers, lakes, and reservoirs has a great influence on hydro-morphological processes. For instance, long-term predictions of bathymetric change for modeling climate change scenarios require an objective calculation procedure of sediment load as a function of catchment characteristics and hydro-climatic parameters. Thus, the overarching objective of this study is to develop viable and objective sediment load assessment methods in data-sparse regions.

Methods
This study uses the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the SEdiment Delivery Distributed (SEDD) model to predict soil erosion and sediment transport in data-sparse catchments. The novel algorithmic methods build on free datasets, such as satellite and reanalysis data. Novelty stems from the usage of freely available datasets and the introduction of a seasonal snow memory into the RUSLE. In particular, the methods account for non-erosive snowfall, its accumulation over months as a function of temperature, and erosive snowmelt months after the snow fell.

Results
Model accuracy parameters in the form of Pearson’s r and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency indicate that data interpolation with climate reanalysis and satellite imagery enables viable sediment load predictions in data-sparse regions. The accuracy of the model chain further improves when snow memory is added to the RUSLE. Non-erosivity of snowfall makes the most significant increase in model accuracy.

Conclusion
The novel snow memory methods represent a major improvement for estimating suspended sediment loads with the empirical RUSLE. Thus, the influence of snow processes on soil erosion and sediment load should be considered in any analysis of mountainous catchments.
Exploring the Role of Problematic Social Network Site Use in the Link Between Reflective Functioning and Identity Processes in Adolescents
Authors: Imperato Chiara , Mancini Tiziana , Musetti Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Literature highlighted that problematic social network site use might have relevant detrimental consequences on users’ well-being, particularly in adolescence. However, it is still not clear which variables could be considered protective or risk factors for such problematic use. The present study aimed to fill this gap, examining the relationship between reflective functioning and adolescents’ identity development, while taking problematic SNS use into account. A sample of 354 students (age range = 13–19; Mage = 16.18, SD = 1.58; 19.9% males) from two Italians high schools participated in the study. Results from structural equation modeling showed that adolescents with high levels of reflective functioning reported lower levels of problematic SNS use. Furthermore, problematic SNS use mediated the relationship between reflective functioning and identity development, by disfavouring identity in-depth exploration and favouring reconsideration of commitment. We discussed clinical and research implications.
Cancer Predisposition Genes in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs): a Review Paper from the Italian AYA Working Group
Authors: Toss Angela , Quarello Paola , Mascarin Maurizio , Banna Giuseppe Luigi , Zecca Marco , Cinieri Saverio , Peccatori Fedro Alessandro , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The present narrative systematic review summarizes current knowledge on germline gene mutations predisposing to solid tumors in adolescents and young adults (AYAs).

Recent Findings
AYAs with cancer represent a particular group of patients with specific challenging characteristics and yet unmet needs. A significant percentage of AYA patients carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPVs) in cancer predisposition genes. Nevertheless, knowledge on spectrum, frequency, and clinical implications of germline variants in AYAs with solid tumors is limited.

Summary
The identification of PV/LPV in AYA is especially critical given the need for appropriate communicative strategies, risk of second primary cancers, need for personalized long-term surveillance, potential reproductive implications, and cascade testing of at-risk family members. Moreover, these gene alterations may potentially provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that are lacking in AYA patients. Among young adults with early-onset phenotypes of malignancies typically presenting at later ages, the increased prevalence of germline PV/LPVs supports a role for genetic counseling and testing irrespective of tumor type.
Analysing paradoxes in design decisions: the case of “multiple-district” paradox
Authors: Franceschini Fiorenzo , Maisano Domenico A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn early design stages, a team of designers may often express conflicting preferences on a set of design alternatives, formulating individual rankings that must then be aggregated into a collective one. The scientific literature encompasses a variety of models to perform this aggregation, showing strengths and weaknesses. In particular situations, some of these models can lead to paradoxical results, i.e., contrary to logic and common sense. This article focuses on one of these paradoxes, known asmultiple-district paradox, providing a new methodology aimed at identifying the reason of its potential triggering. This methodology can be a valid support for several decision problems. Some examples accompany the description.
To be or not to be egalitarian, that is the question: Understanding the complexity of ethnic prejudice in the workplace
Authors: Cuadrado Isabel , Estevan-Reina Lucía , López-Rodríguez Lucía , Constantin Andreea A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe expression of prejudice has mutated over the last century, and most Western countries now legally support equality. However, for ethnic minorities, work discrimination is one of the most evident challenges they have to face. Three preregistered experiments, with an overall sample of 1,507 participants, analyzed the effect of a job applicant’s ethnicity and other characteristics (e.g., gender, attractiveness), which were manipulated with a CV, as well as possible moderator variables (tolerance and racism), on participants’ judgments about the candidate: stereotypes (competence, sociability, morality, and immorality); emotions (admiration, contempt, compassion, and envy); and active and passive facilitation tendencies at work. The results indicated that tolerance and racism modulated the effect of ethnicity on the dependent variables in an administrative occupation (Studies 1 and 2) and in the hostelry industry (Study 3). A pooled analysis revealed that egalitarian participants (high tolerance or low racism) reported an unexpected positive bias toward a Moroccan candidate compared to a Spanish candidate. Non-egalitarian participants (low tolerance or high racism) showed the expected ingroup bias only for (im)morality: they perceived Moroccan applicants as less moral and more immoral than Spanish candidates. Studies 2 and 3 confirmed that the Moroccan candidate was perceived as less prototypical of his/her category than the Spanish applicant was. We discussed the primacy of (im)morality in social perception as well as the relevance of distinguishing between egalitarian and non-egalitarian people when trying to understand the complexity of new expressions of prejudice and to identify strategies to avoid discrimination in the workplace.
A comparison between Fukushima-Halley algorithm and Trilateration algorithm for geodetic conversion
Authors: Eleiche Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe geodetic transformation of Cartesian coordinates into their elliptical equivalent is a fundamental problem in geodesy. The Fukushima algorithm accelerated by Halley method (Fukushima-Halley) is considered the standard in this conversion. The Trilateration algorithm is a recent algorithm solving the conversion problem through a computational geometry approach. This study compared the Trilateration algorithm to the Fukushima-Halley algorithm in aspects of accuracy of results, time efficiency, and space efficiency. Also, the parallel version of both algorithms was established using the Master-Slave technique and compared. The Trilateration Algorithm showed a slightly higher accuracy compared to Fukushima-Halley algorithm, which allocated less space in memory, and was 2.6 faster in sequential version compared to 1.9 in the parallel version. The study introduced a benchmark for arithmetic operation on the testing machine to be used in time efficiency comparison.