bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing performance of a “nature‐based” foredune restoration project, Oceano Dunes, California, USA
Authors: Walker Ian J. , Hilgendorf Zach , Gillies John A. , Turner Craig M. , Furtak‐Cole Eden , Nikolich George 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Oceano Dunes near Pismo Beach, California is part of a large transgressive dune system that extends up to 5 km inland and hosts a state park that has been managed for off‐highway vehicle recreation since 1982, although vehicle activity has existed in the dunes for almost 90 years. As a result, foredunes have been largely obliterated and sand surfaces in vehicle use areas are highly emissive of dust‐sized particles, causing frequent exceedances of state air quality standards. To reduce dust emissions from the dunes, a nature‐based foredune restoration strategy using five different treatments over a 20‐ha site was implemented in February 2020.The research hypothesis is that treatments will differ in their ability to promote deposition and dune development and that more intensive planting‐based treatments will outperform simpler treatments. We test this using biannual high‐resolution uncrewed aerial system (UAS) surveys to quantify sediment budgets, sand exchanges between beach, foredune, and backdune components, changes in plant cover, and related dune development over a 2‐year period (October 2019–2021). After two full wind and plant‐growth seasons, results show that all treatments are maintaining a positive sediment budget (net accumulation), most are developing sizable nebkha dunes (an important stage in foredune development in this region), and some are increasing plant cover and species richness. There is no clear winner, yet two treatments (broadcast native plant and sterile grass seeds, and a high‐density straw planting node with native seedlings) are performing well toward developing an incipient foredune.These results will inform an adaptive management process that could entail further modifications to enhance foredune development. Based on this experience, and with reference to other types of restoration projects, we refine existing criteria used to assess the performance of “dynamic” dune restoration efforts to include settings that involve revegetation (vs. devegetation) as a means for foredune re‐establishment.
Predicting post‐fire debris flow grain sizes and depositional volumes in the Intermountain West, United States
Authors: Wall Sara , Murphy Brendan P. , Belmont Patrick , Yocom Larissa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPost‐fire debris flows represent one of the most erosive consequences associated with increasing wildfire severity and investigations into their downstream impacts have been limited. Recent advances have linked existing hydrogeomorphic models to predict potential impacts of post‐fire erosion at watershed scales on downstream water resources. Here we address two key limitations in current models: (1) accurate predictions of post‐fire debris flow volumes in the absence of triggering storm rainfall intensities and (2) understanding controls on grain sizes produced by post‐fire debris flows. We compiled and analysed a novel dataset of depositional volumes and grain size distributions (GSDs) for 59 post‐fire debris flows across the Intermountain West (IMW) collected via fieldwork and from the literature. We first evaluated the utility of existing models for post‐fire debris flow volume prediction, which were largely developed for Southern California. We then constructed a new post‐fire debris flow volume prediction model for the IMW using a combination of Random Forest modelling and regression analysis. We found topography and burn severity to be important variables, and that the percentage of pre‐fire soil organic matter was an essential predictor variable. Our model was also capable of predicting debris flow volumes without data for the triggering storm, suggesting that rainfall may be more important as a presence/absence predictor, rather than a scaling variable. We also constructed the first models that predict the median, 16th percentile, and 84th percentile grain sizes, as well as boulder size, produced by post‐fire debris flows. These models demonstrate consistent landscape controls on debris flow GSDs that are related to land cover, physical and chemical weathering, and hillslope sediment transport processes. This work advances our ability to predict how post‐fire sediment pulses are transported through watersheds. Our models allow for improved pre‐ and post‐fire risk assessments across diverse ranges of watersheds in the IMW.
Active tectonics in the Main Boundary Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya, as evident from palaeoseismic signatures, morphotectonic features and PSI base ground deformation
Authors: Luirei Khayingshing , Ch. Kothyari Girish , Mehta Manish 
Published: September 2022

In the Garhwal Himalaya, the steeply inclined Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) is characterized by landforms that indicate towards tectonic activity in the recent past. Linear active fault trace, sub‐recent fault scarps, strath terrace, uplifted terraces, deflected drainage, and triangular facet cones are some of the morphotectonic evidences of recent tectonic activity along the MBT. The MBT is defined by active fault trace in the form of linear depression and shows a prominent slope break across it. Thrusting of the Lesser Himalayan bedrocks over the colluvial deposits and back tilting of the colluvial deposits are also observed in the MBT zone. The formation of the sag pond and the deposition of the Quaternary lacustrine sediments followed by the deformation of the lacustrine deposits indicate phases of tectonic activities along the MBT. The later phase of deformation is represented by the folded lacustrine and colluvial deposits, where the amplitude of the fold measures about 3 m‐high and the deformed section measures about 23 m in length. The ongoing deformation patterns of the MBT zone have also been monitored with the help of Synthetic Aperture Radar‐based time series analysis. We used Sentinel‐1C dataset in ascending direction with polarization of the VV+ VH acquired between December 2, 2017 to September 7, 2021 to identify phase changes caused by ongoing active deformation. The Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) result based on Sentinel‐1A suggests that the Dehradun–Mussoorie and adjoining region has undergone an average deformation of 5.5 to −11 mm/year and the ground displacement of 1.5 to −3.8 cm. The time series analysis reveals that the Mussoorie hills in the MBT zone have higher rate of deformation.
Comparing lateral flow testing with a rapid RT‐PCR method for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in the United Kingdom—A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Taylor Andrew , Calvez Ronan , Atkins Mark , Fink Colin G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) emerged in Wuhan, China. Rapid global spread led to the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) pandemic. Accurate detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 has become a vitally important tool in controlling the spread of the virus. Lateral flow devices (LFDs) offer the potential advantage of speed and on‐site testing. The sensitivity of these devices compared to reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) has been questioned.MethodsWe compared the sensitivity of the Innova LFD, used widely in the United Kingdom, with our rapid RT‐PCR method using stored positive samples. Samples with a range of viral loads (original Ct values 18.9–36.5) were tested.ResultsThe Innova LFD was found to be 6000–10,000 times less sensitive than RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. Overall, the LFD detected 46.2% of the positives detected by RT‐PCR, with 50% of these observed to be weak LFD positives. At lower viral loads, such as 10,000–100,000 RNA copies/ml, the LFD detected 22.2% of positives. In addition, two strong positives (3 and 1.5 million RNA copies/ml) were not detected by the LFD.ConclusionThe argument for use of LFD kits is that they detect infectious virus and hence contagious individuals. However, there is a lack of conclusive evidence supporting this claim. The Innova LFD has been subject to a Class I recall by the US Food and Drug Administration, but is still approved and widely used in the United Kingdom.
Benchmarking Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity Measurements ‐ Towards Meaningful Comparisons of Chiral Biomolecule Spin Polarizations
Authors: Clever Caleb , Wierzbinski Emil , Bloom Brian P. , Lu Yiyang , Grimm Haley M. , Rao Shilpa R. , Horne W. Seth , Waldeck David H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work presents new results and summarizes literature results on the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect observed for amino acids, peptides, and DNA. To facilitate robust comparisons between measurements of different types and by different groups, we propose a convention for describing the spin‐dependent properties of chiral materials and apply it in the discussion. Different phenomena known to affect the sign and magnitude of the spin polarization are described and critically analyzed, including: the molecule's orientation, the molecule's dipole moment direction with respect to the electron propagation direction, the molecular length, the molecule/substrate interface, and the role of the molecule's secondary structure. Lastly, we identify open key questions about spin‐filtering by biomolecules at interfaces.
Abdominal wall abscess resembling urachal carcinoma caused by ileal diverticulitis
Authors: Imasato Naoki , Kijima Toshiki , Takada‐Owada Atsuko , Fujita Junki , Takei Kohei , Suzuki Issei , Nishihara Daisaku , Nakamura Takatoshi , Ishida Kazuyuki , Kamai Takao 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWe report a rare case of abdominal wall abscess caused by ileal diverticulitis that developed along the midline below the umbilicus and resembled a urachal carcinoma.Case presentationA 76‐year‐old woman with diabetes presented with abdominal enlargement below the umbilicus. Computed tomography revealed a well‐enhanced mass, which was visualized on magnetic resonance imaging as a continuous mass connected to the restiform structure, extending from the umbilicus to the bladder. As the mass showed high uptake on 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, urachal carcinoma was suspected, and surgery was subsequently performed. As the tumor adhered to the ileum, partial resection of the small intestine was required. The pathological diagnosis was abdominal wall abscess associated with ileal pseudodiverticulitis.ConclusionAlthough abdominal wall abscess caused by ileal diverticulitis is rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis of urachal carcinoma.
Determining the dynamic responses of cotton root morphological characteristics under waterlogging stress using the minirhizotron technique
Authors: Qian Long , Huang Taoxing , Zeng Wenzhi , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Xiugui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRoots are important in plant adaption to waterlogging stress. Zero‐day (control), 8‐day (moderate) and 14‐day waterlogging (heavy) stresses were applied on lysimeter‐grown cotton plants at flowering. The dynamics of total root length, root surface area, root volume and root number were traced using the minirhizotron technique. The results showed that the rapid root morphological growth period of non‐stressed cotton occurred from the early squaring stage to the mid–late flowering stage. The two waterlogging treatments significantly stimulated root morphological growth compared with the control, but the stimulatory effect occurred more than 23 days after waterlogging termination. The stimulatory effect of heavy waterlogging stress was stronger and lasted longer than that of moderate waterlogging. The stressed cotton root system shifted its morphology centre from the upper soil layers (0–24 cm) to the deep layers (24–60 cm). Waterlogging stress obviously stimulated the morphological growth of roots with diameters <2.0 mm (especially those with diameters <1.0 mm) but had little impact on thicker roots. These results provide references for cotton adaptation under waterlogging stress.
Predicting Human Fetal Drug Exposure Through Maternal‐Fetal PBPK Modeling and In Vitro or Ex Vivo Studies
Authors: Balhara Ankit , Kumar Aditya R. , Unadkat Jashvant D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMedication (drug) use in human pregnancy is prevalent. Determining fetal safety and efficacy of drugs is logistically challenging. However, predicting (not measuring) fetal drug exposure (systemic and tissue) throughout pregnancy is possible through maternal‐fetal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation. Such prediction can inform fetal drug safety and efficacy. Fetal drug exposure can be quantified in 2 complementary ways. First, the ratio of the steady‐state unbound plasma concentration in the fetal plasma (or area under the plasma concentration–time curve) to the corresponding maternal plasma concentration (ie, Kp,uu). Second, the maximum unbound peak (Cu,max,ss,f) and trough (Cu,min,ss,f) fetal steady‐state plasma concentrations. We (and others) have developed a maternal‐fetal PBPK model that can successfully predict maternal drug exposure. To predict fetal drug exposure, the model needs to be populated with drug specific parameters, of which transplacental clearances (active and/or passive) and placental/fetal metabolism of the drug are critical. Herein, we describe in vitro studies in cells/tissue fractions or the perfused human placenta that can be used to determine these drug‐specific parameters. In addition, we provide examples whereby this approach has successfully predicted systemic fetal exposure to drugs that passively or actively cross the placenta. Apart from maternal‐fetal PBPK models, animal studies also have the potential to estimate fetal drug exposure by allometric scaling. Whether such scaling will be successful is yet to be determined. Here, we review the above approaches to predict fetal drug exposure, outline gaps in our knowledge to make such predictions and map out future research directions that could fill these gaps.
Clinical Assessment of Fetal Well‐Being and Fetal Safety Indicators
Authors: David Anna L. , Spencer Rebecca N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDelivering safe clinical trials of novel therapeutics is central to enable pregnant women and their babies to access medicines for better outcomes. This review describes clinical monitoring of fetal well‐being and safety. Current pregnancy surveillance includes regular antenatal checks of blood pressure and urine for signs of gestational hypertension. Fetal and placental development is assessed routinely using the first‐trimester “dating” and mid‐trimester “anomaly” ultrasound scans, but the detection of fetal anomalies can continue throughout pregnancy using targeted sonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serial sonography can be used to assess fetal size, well‐being, and placental function. Carefully defined reproducible imaging parameters, such as the head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL), are combined to calculate an estimate of the fetal weight. Doppler analysis of maternal uterine blood flow predicts placental insufficiency, which is associated with poor fetal growth. Fetal doppler analysis can indicate circulatory decompensation and fetal hypoxia, requiring delivery to be expedited. Novel ways to assess fetal well‐being and placental function using MRI, computerized cardiotocography (CTG), serum circulating fetoplacental proteins, and mRNA may improve the assessment of the safety and efficacy of maternal and fetal interventions. Progress has been made in how to define and grade clinical trial safety in pregnant women, the fetus, and neonate. A new system for improved safety monitoring for clinical trials in pregnancy, Maternal and Fetal Adverse Event Terminology (MFAET), describes 12 maternal and 18 fetal adverse event (AE) definitions and severity grading criteria developed through an international modified Delphi consensus process. This fills a vital gap in maternal and fetal translational medicine research.
Choice freedom
Authors: Botti Simona , Iyengar Sheena S. , McGill Ann L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndividuals seek and value choice freedom, firms provide consumers ever‐increasing opportunities to exercise it, citizens worry about protecting their right to choose freely, and scholars across different disciplines study the topic around the globe. We adopt a consumer psychology perspective to systematize the vast literature on choice freedom, and we present a framework to examine the relationship between choice freedom and personal and societal well‐being. We begin by proposing choice freedom as an antecedent of autonomy and personal control and by clarifying the meaning of these interrelated constructs. We then use autonomy and personal control as separate processes to explain benefits and limits of choice freedom for well‐being, and we review interventions that mitigate the limits. Finally, we discuss future research questions related to autonomy and personal control. Whereas extant literature focuses on the presence of freedom and on the relationship between choice freedom and the individual, we reflect on the extent to which consumers actually have freedom of choice and on the role of others in the provision and exercise of choice freedom.
The effects of hive materials on phytochemical and biological properties of honeybee propolis
Authors: Kegode Timothy M. , Lattorff H. Michael G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPropolis has been of interest due to its indisputably rich chemical composition. It has gained attention in recent years because of its potential biological properties, such as antibacterial, cariostatic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective. Therefore, there has been an increased demand for ways to benefit from these potential impacts by enriching the nutritional value, quality, and functionality of food products. Propolis antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal properties make it useful in food technology.Our present study was conducted to investigate the effects of beehive material on the phytochemical and bio‐functional properties of propolis. In this study, propolis was obtained from three different hive types: concrete, mud, and wood. The phytochemical content and bioactivities of the samples were analysed. Total phenolic content (TPC), total terpenoid content (TTC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total alkaloid content (TAC), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity were determined.ResultsThe highest phytochemical composition was determined in concrete beehives, followed by mud hives and wood hives in this study. Likewise, for bioactivities, concrete hives demonstrated a high level of both antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity for both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.ConclusionThis suggests that the hive material shows a noticeable effect on propolis biochemical properties, apart from being influenced by climate and vegetation.
Current and Temporal Trends in Otolaryngology Department Chair Appointment
Authors: Nottoli Madeline , Tedesco Carina , Boladian Lana , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Verma Sunil 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study aims to characterize current otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery department chairs and division chiefs and evaluate whether there have been significant changes in the occupants of these positions over time.MethodsAll permanent department chairs or division chiefs at allopathic ACGME‐accredited otolaryngology residency programs (n = 109) were identified and academic and professional information were collected using publicly available websites.ResultsAfter excluding 12 department chairs due to interim status, 97 chairs and chiefs (81 chairs and 16 chiefs) were included with mean and median current term length of 9 ± 8 and 7 ± 5 years, respectively (range = 0–35 years). The most commonly completed fellowship in the group was head and neck oncologic surgery (42%). Seventy‐seven percent of chairs previously held a faculty position within their institution. Seventy‐one percent did not complete residency or fellowship training at their current institution. The average time between completing training and being appointed chair was 15.5 ± 7.7 years. Those appointed within the last 6 years (n = 47) had more years of experience than those appointed previously (18.0 ± 7.2 vs. 13.1 ± 7.4 years, p = 0.002). The number of female chairs remains low (n = 9), and despite an increasing number of women being appointed in recent years, the most recent group of appointees did not demonstrate a significant increase in female appointment (4% vs. 15%, p = 0.065).ConclusionsA very large proportion of otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery department chairs are internally recruited from their home institution. Most chairs are male, and head and neck oncologic surgery is the most common subspecialty.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1356–1360, 2023
Wavelength Selective Multi‐Material 3D Printing of Soft Active Devices Using Orthogonal Photoreactions
Authors: Rossegger Elisabeth , Strasser Jakob , Höller Rita , Fleisch Mathias , Berer Michael , Schlögl Sandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrthogonal photoreactions provide a unique way to locally and independently control (thermo)mechanical properties and functionality of polymer networks simply by choice of the wavelength. Herein, a library of acrylate functional coumarin monomers is synthesized, which are cured by sequence‐dependent wavelength orthogonality. In the presence of a long wavelength absorbing photoinitiator, the monomers undergo rapid curing by visible light induced radical chain growth polymerization. Subsequent irradiation with light in the UV‐A region selectively initiates the [2+2] photocycloaddition of the coumarin chromophores, which is confirmed by FTIR and UV–vis experiments. Through a well‐targeted design, acrylate‐based and thiol‐acrylate resin formulations are prepared, whose fast curing rate, low viscosity, and prolonged storage stability enable the one‐step fabrication of multi‐material structures by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. By using a dual‐wavelength printer, which operates at two different wavelengths (405 and 365 nm), objects comprising soft (ε = 22%, σ = 7.5 MPa) and stiff (ε = 2%, σ = 8.3 MPa) domains are printed with a single resin vat. Along with tensile properties, the wavelength selective change in the network structure features a local control of the glass transition temperature (ΔTg = 17 °C) in the 3D‐printed objects. Soft active devices are fabricated by dual‐wavelength DLP 3D printing, with distinct domains having a higher Tg and the local programming of multi shapes is demonstrated.
Sport tickets pricing strategy with home team's crowd effect
Authors: Meng Xin , Tang Zilin , Wang Leonard F. S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of the crowd effect and financing constraints on pricing strategy by constructing an intertemporal model and introducing the crowd effect into a monopolistic home team's decision‐making framework. The results demonstrate that a stronger crowd effect and a larger depreciation rate are always beneficial to the expected profits of the home team and the home team may price along the inelastic portion of the static demand curve in periods 1–3, as long as the expected deferred marginal revenue and the additive price from the performance of the preceding match are sufficiently large.