bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the behavior of captive white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the accuracy of ad‐hoc keeper data
Authors: Goodenough Anne E. , Price Thomas W. , Brazier Danica L. , McDonald Katie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) are common in captivity, few behavioral studies have been conducted and there is seemingly no research for immersive exhibits where potential for visitor effects is high. Moreover, little information exists on possible effects of weather and temperature on rhino outside their native range. Here we analyze 14,501 observations of rhino in a drive‐through enclosure. Data were collected by researchers (n = 12,160 datapoints) and keepers (n = 2341 datapoints) over a 4‐month period. We aimed to: (1) quantify behavior using detailed researcher‐collected data and contemporaneous but ad hoc keeper‐collected data; (2) compare datasets statistically; (3) establish effects of visitors, temperature, and weather on behavior; and (4) assess the influence of visitors on similarity of researcher/keeper datasets. Activity budgets were similar to the wild and the single previous study from a traditional (nondrive‐through) enclosure. There was some discrepancy in activity budgets between researcher and keeper data due to significant differences in recorded frequency of two rare behaviors (horn rub; social interaction) and two behaviors that could be easily confused (grazing vs. standing with head‐down): recording of other behaviors matched well. Weather and temperature affected behavior, with rhino becoming more sedentary (−locomotion, grazing; +resting, standing, and sedentary eating of hay) on hot/sunny days compared to cool/wet days. The number of visitor vehicles had a fairly negligible effect but resting was lower on busy days, possibly as vigilance increased. The match between researcher/keeper datasets was lowest when visitor numbers were high, suggesting visitors might affect keeper ability to accurately record behavior.
Complementing Büchi Automata with Ranker
Authors: Havlena Vojtěch , Lengál Ondřej , Šmahlíková Barbora 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present the toolRankerfor complementing Büchi automata (BAs).Rankerbuilds on our previous optimizations of rank-based BA complementation and pushes them even further using numerous heuristics to produce even smaller automata. Moreover, it contains novel optimizations of specialized constructions for complementing (i) inherently weak automata and (ii) semi-deterministic automata, all delivered in a robust tool. The optimizations significantly improve the usability ofRanker, as shown in an extensive experimental evaluation with real-world benchmarks, whereRankerproduced in the majority of cases a strictly smaller complement than other state-of-the-art tools.
End-to-End Mechanized Proof of an eBPF Virtual Machine for Micro-controllers
Authors: Yuan Shenghao , Besson Frédéric , Talpin Jean-Pierre , Hym Samuel , Zandberg Koen , Baccelli Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRIOT is a micro-kernel dedicated to IoT applications that adopts eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filters) to implement so-called femto-containers. As micro-controllers rarely feature hardware memory protection, the isolation of eBPF virtual machines (VM) is critical to ensure system integrity against potentially malicious programs. This paper shows how to directly derive, within the Coq proof assistant, the verified C implementation of an eBPF virtual machine from a Gallina specification. Leveraging the formal semantics of the CompCert C compiler, we obtain an end-to-end theorem stating that the C code of our VM inherits the safety and security properties of the Gallina specification. Our refinement methodology ensures that the isolation property of the specification holds in the verified C implementation. Preliminary experiments demonstrate satisfying performance.
Murxla: A Modular and Highly Extensible API Fuzzer for SMT Solvers
Authors: Niemetz Aina , Preiner Mathias , Barrett Clark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSMT solvers are highly complex pieces of software with performance, robustness, and correctness as key requirements. Complementing traditional testing techniques for these solvers with randomized stress testing has been shown to be quite effective. Recent work has showcased the value of input fuzzing for finding issues, but this approach typically does not comprehensively test a solver’s API. Previous work on model-based API fuzzing was tailored to a single solver and a small subset of SMT-LIB. We present Murxla, a comprehensive, modular, and highly extensible model-based API fuzzer for SMT solvers. Murxla randomly generates valid sequences of solver API calls based on a customizable API model, with full support for the semantics and features of SMT-LIB. It is solver-agnostic but extensible to allow for solver-specific testing and supports option fuzzing, cross-checking with other solvers, translation to SMT-LIBv2, and SMT-LIBv2 input fuzzing. Our evaluation confirms its efficacy in finding issues in multiple state-of-the-art SMT solvers.
FORQ-Based Language Inclusion Formal Testing
Authors: Doveri Kyveli , Ganty Pierre , Mazzocchi Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We propose a novel algorithm to decide the language inclusion between (nondeterministic) Büchi automata, a PSpace-complete problem. Our approach, like others before, leverage a notion of quasiorder to prune the search for a counterexample by discarding candidates which are subsumed by others for the quasiorder. Discarded candidates are guaranteed to not compromise the completeness of the algorithm. The novelty of our work lies in the quasiorder used to discard candidates. We introduce FORQs (family of right quasiorders) that we obtain by adapting the notion of family of right congruences put forward by Maler and Staiger in 1993. We define a FORQ-based inclusion algorithm which we prove correct and instantiate it for a specific FORQ, called the structural FORQ, induced by the Büchi automaton to the right of the inclusion sign. The resulting implementation, called Forklift, scales up better than the state-of-the-art on a variety of benchmarks including benchmarks from program verification and theorem proving for word combinatorics. Artifact:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6552870
Searching for anomalous top quark interactions with proton tagging and timing detectors at the LHC
Authors: Baldenegro Cristian , Bellora Andrea , Fichet Sylvain , von Gersdorff Gero , Pitt Michael , Royon Christophe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the LHC sensitivity to new broad neutral resonances produced in two-photon fusion and decaying to a top quark pair, γγ → $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

. This is probed in central exclusive $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production in proton-proton collisions, pp → $$ pt\overline{t}p $$
pt

t
¯

p
. We use the tagging of the intact protons by PPS (CMS) and AFP (ATLAS) and consider the semi-leptonic $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

channel. The sensitivity is also mapped onto a set of dimension-8 $$ \gamma \gamma t\overline{t} $$
γγt

t
¯

operators in the large mass limit. Using the kinematical correlations between the intact protons and the reconstructed $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

system, we obtain a sensitivity to the couplings of the dimension-8 operators of 1.4 10−11 GeV−4 at 95% CL. The sensitivity to the anomalous couplings is significantly improved down to about 7 10−12 GeV−4 if the proton time-of-flight is known with a precision of 20 ps in future measurements. The 95% CL sensitivity to broad neutral resonances reaches masses of order 1500 GeV when using timing information.
Topology optimization incorporating a passageway for powder removal in designs for additive manufacturing
Authors: Liu Dedao , Chiu Louis N. S. , Davies Chris , Yan Wenyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn powder-based additive manufacturing, the unused powder must be removed after printing. Topology optimization has been applied to designs for additive manufacturing, which may lead to designs with enclosed voids, where the powder will be trapped inside during printing. A topology optimization method incorporating a powder removal passageway is developed to avoid the powder being trapped inside the structure. The passageway is generated by connecting the entrance, all voids, and the exit sequentially. Each void is limited to have only one pair of inlet and outlet to guarantee a single-path flow to facilitate powder removal after the additive manufacturing. The path of the passageway is optimized to minimize its influence on structural stiffness. The proposed optimization method was applied to two practical case studies where the powder removal passageways were generated successfully.
Optimisation of the physicochemical stability of extra virgin olive oil-in-water nanoemulsion: processing parameters and stabiliser type
Authors: Kampa Jansuda , Koidis Anastasios , Ghawi Sameer Khalil , Frazier Richard A. , Rodriguez-Garcia Julia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtra virgin olive oil-in-water nanoemulsions stabilised with synthetic or clean label surfactants (Tween 20 or soy lecithin) was prepared using high-pressure homogenisation (HPH). The effect of HPH pressure and the number of cycles were assessed through response surface methodology to optimise homogenisation processing parameter. Mean droplet diameter (MDD), polydispersity index (PDI), thermal stability and oxidation stability of the resulting emulsions were evaluated. The results showed that the formation and stability of nanoemulsions can be affected by the homogenisation processing parameters (pressure and cycles) and the properties of surfactants (interfacial tension, viscoelasticity and molecule structure). Although MDD and PDI of Tween 20 stabilised nanoemulsions were influenced by homogenisation pressure and cycles, there was not a significant effect on lecithin-stabilised nanoemulsions. A homogenisation pressure of at least 400 bars produced Tween 20 stabilised nanoemulsion (MDD < 200 nm), whereas lecithin-stabilised nanoemulsion were obtained after high-speed homogenisation without using HPH. HPH at 400 bars for 1 cycle produced nanoemulsions with greater physical stability when using either Tween 20 or lecithin. Tween 20 stabilised nanoemulsion showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) thermal stability and lipid oxidative stability than lecithin-stabilised nanoemulsion. Following an optimisation study using regression modelling, the optimal homogenisation parameter for MDD of Tween 20 stabilised emulsion was found at pressure of 764 bars with 1 cycle, while lecithin-stabilised emulsion was found at pressure of 3 bars with 2 cycles. Overall, this study has important implications for optimising nanoemulsion production for potential application in the food industry.
Sugar Concentration, Nitrogen Availability, and Phylogenetic Factors Determine the Ability of Acinetobacter spp. and Rosenbergiella spp. to Grow in Floral Nectar
Authors: Morales-Poole José R. , de Vega Clara , Tsuji Kaoru , Jacquemyn Hans , Junker Robert R. , Herrera Carlos M. , Michiels Chris , Lievens Bart , Álvarez-Pérez Sergio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract The floral nectar of angiosperms harbors a variety of microorganisms that depend predominantly on animal visitors for their dispersal. Although some members of the genus Acinetobacter and all currently known species of Rosenbergiella are thought to be adapted to thrive in nectar, there is limited information about the response of these bacteria to variation in the chemical characteristics of floral nectar. We investigated the growth performance of a diverse collection of Acinetobacter (n = 43) and Rosenbergiella (n = 45) isolates obtained from floral nectar and the digestive tract of flower-visiting bees in a set of 12 artificial nectars differing in sugar content (15% w/v or 50% w/v), nitrogen content (3.48/1.67 ppm or 348/167 ppm of total nitrogen/amino nitrogen), and sugar composition (only sucrose, 1/3 sucrose + 1/3 glucose + 1/3 fructose, or 1/2 glucose + 1/2 fructose). Growth was only observed in four of the 12 artificial nectars. Those containing elevated sugar concentration (50% w/v) and low nitrogen content (3.48/1.67 ppm) were limiting for bacterial growth. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses revealed that the ability of the bacteria to grow in different types of nectar is highly conserved between closely related isolates and genotypes, but this conservatism rapidly vanishes deeper in phylogeny. Overall, these results demonstrate that the ability of Acinetobacter spp. and Rosenbergiella spp. to grow in floral nectar largely depends on nectar chemistry and bacterial phylogeny.
Medical and cardio-vascular emergency department visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020: is there a collateral damage? A retrospective routine data analysis
Authors: Slagman Anna , Pigorsch Mareen , Greiner Felix , Behringer Wilhelm , Bernhard Michael , Bienzeisler Jonas , Blaschke Sabine , Burst Volker , Dechant Katharina , Dommasch Michael , Ewen Sebastian , Gries André , Hans Felix Patricius , Kanz Karl-Georg , Klein Matthias , Kümpers Philipp , Napp Matthias , Plata Christopher , Ramshorn-Zimmer Alexandra , Risse Joachim , Röhrig Rainer , Somasundaram Rajan , Schunk Domagoj , Walcher Felix , Walter Thomas , Weismann Dirk , Wolfrum Sebastian , Wörnle Markus , Wu Yves Noel , Möckel Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
In this retrospective routine data analysis, we investigate the number of emergency department (ED) consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 in Germany compared to the previous year with a special focus on numbers of myocardial infarction and acute heart failure.

Methods
Aggregated case numbers for the two consecutive years 2019 and 2020 were obtained from 24 university hospitals and 9 non-university hospitals in Germany and assessed by age, gender, triage scores, disposition, care level and by ICD-10 codes including the tracer diagnoses myocardial infarction (I21) and heart failure (I50).

Results
A total of 2,216,627 ED consultations were analyzed, of which 1,178,470 occurred in 2019 and 1,038,157 in 2020. The median deviation in case numbers between 2019 and 2020 was − 14% [CI (− 11)–(− 16)]. After a marked drop in all cases in the first COVID-19 wave in spring 2020, case numbers normalized during the summer. Thereafter starting in calendar week 39 case numbers constantly declined until the end of the year 2020. The decline in case numbers predominantly concerned younger [− 16%; CI (− 13)–(− 19)], less urgent [− 18%; CI (− 12)–(− 22)] and non-admitted cases [− 17%; CI (− 13)–(− 20)] in particular during the second wave. During the entire observation period admissions for chest pain [− 13%; CI (− 21)–2], myocardial infarction [− 2%; CI (− 9)–11] and heart failure [− 2%; CI (− 10)–6] were less affected and remained comparable to the previous year.

Conclusions
ED visits were noticeably reduced during both SARS-CoV-2 pandemic waves in Germany but cardiovascular diagnoses were less affected and no refractory increase was noted. However, long-term effects cannot be ruled out and need to be analysed in future studies.

Graphical abstract
Haemaphysalis hoodi (Acari: Ixodidae) on a human from Yaoundé, Cameroon, and its molecular characterization
Authors: Paguem Archile , Mans Ben J. , Kingsley Manchang , Renz Alfons , Apanaskevich Dmitry A. , Chitimia-Dobler Lidia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe genus Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) is the second-largest genus, with more than 170 described species that primarily parasitize mammals and birds (Guglielmone et al. 2014, Guglielmone et al. 2020). Haemaphysalis species are three-host ticks, mainly distributed in southern and southeastern Asia and tropical Africa (Guglielmone et al. 2014). The present study identified a tick, Haemaphysalis hoodi Warburton & Nuttall, 1909, collected from a human in Yaoundé, Cameroon. This tick species feed on birds in sub-Saharan Africa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second record of H. hoodi from humans. In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase I sequences were generated for this species for the first time. Screening pan-Rickettsia-PCR infection gave a negative result.
“Don’t let me be misunderstood”: communication with patients from a different cultural background
Authors: Taylan Christina , Weber Lutz T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent years, migration and the social changes associated with it have increasingly become the focus of scientific interest. The diversity of cultures in hospitals poses a major challenge. Medical teams are often confronted with language barriers and different concepts of illness, health, and healing. The field is wide, and in addition to foreign language skills, primarily human skills such as self-awareness, communication, and empathy are demanded. Religion also plays a role in medical care for patients with a foreign cultural background. This work is intended to provide an overview of the scientifically based necessary skills in dealing with this patient clientele and to give an insight into the personal experiences of the authors. After many years of dealing with intercultural care of patients, this experience has shown one thing above all: Sometimes, it is beyond language and just needs humanity.
Known and unknown event detection in OTDR traces by deep learning networks
Authors: Rizzo Antonino Maria , Magri Luca , Rutigliano Davide , Invernizzi Pietro , Sozio Enrico , Alippi Cesare , Binetti Stefano , Boracchi Giacomo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOptical fiber links are customarily monitored by Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR), an optoelectronic instrument that measures the scattered or reflected light along the fiber and returns a signal, namely the OTDR trace. OTDR traces are typically analyzed by experts in laboratories or by hand-crafted algorithms running in embedded systems to localize critical events occurring along the fiber. In this work, we address the problem of automatically detecting optical events in OTDR traces through a deep learning model that can be deployed in embedded systems. In particular, we take inspiration from Faster R-CNN and present the first 1D object-detection neural network for OTDR traces. Thanks to an ad-hoc preprocessing pipeline for OTDR traces, we can also identify unknown events, namely events that are not represented in training data but that might indicate rare and unforeseen situations that need to be reported. The resulting network brings several advantages with respect to existing solutions, as these typically classify fixed-size windows of OTDR traces, thus are less accurate in the localization. Moreover, existing solutions do not report events that cannot be safely associated to any label in the training set. Our experiments, performed on real OTDR traces, show very promising performance, and can be directly executed on embedded OTDR devices.
The association between preoperative MRI findings and clinical improvement in patients included in the NORDSTEN spinal stenosis trial
Authors: Aaen Jørn , Banitalebi Hasan , Austevoll Ivar Magne , Hellum Christian , Storheim Kjersti , Myklebust Tor Åge , Anvar Masoud , Weber Clemens , Solberg Tore , Grundnes Oliver , Brisby Helena , Indrekvam Kari , Hermansen Erland 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate potential associations between preoperative MRI findings and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods
The NORDSTEN trial included 437 patients. We investigated the association between preoperative MRI findings such as morphological grade of stenosis (Schizas grade), quantitative grade of stenosis (dural sac cross-sectional area), disc degeneration (Pfirrmann score), facet joint tropism and fatty infiltration of the multifidus muscle, and improvement in patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) 2 years after surgery. We dichotomized each radiological parameter into a moderate or severe category. PROMs i.e., Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) and Numeric rating scale (NRS) for back and leg pain were collected before surgery and at 2 year follow-up. In the primary analysis, we investigated the association between MRI findings and ODI score (dichotomized to ≥ 30% improvement or not). In the secondary analysis, we investigated the association between MRI findings and the mean improvement on the ODI-, ZCQ- and NRS scores. We used multivariable regression models adjusted for patients’ gender, age, smoking status and BMI.

Results
The primary analysis showed that severe disc degeneration (Pfirrmann score 4–5) was significantly associated with less chance of achieving a 30% improvement on the ODI score (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34, 0.88). In the secondary analysis, we detected no clinical relevant associations.

Conclusion
Severe disc degeneration preoperatively suggest lesser chance of achieving 30% improvement in ODI score after surgery for LSS. Other preoperative MRI findings were not associated with patient reported outcome.
Near-critical turbulent free-surface flow over a wavy bottom
Authors: Schneider Wilhelm , Murschenhofer Dominik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSteady plane turbulent free-surface flow over a slightly wavy bottom is considered for very large Reynolds numbers, very small bottom slopes, and Froude numbers close to the critical value 1. As in previous works, the slope and the deviation from the critical Froude number are assumed to be coupled such that turbulence modeling is not required. The amplitudes of the periodic bottom elevations, however, are assumed to be half an order of magnitude larger than in the previous case of bumps or ramps of finite length. Asymptotic expansions give a steady-state version of an extended Korteweg–deVries (KdV) equation for the surface elevation. The extension consists of a forcing term due to the unevenness of the bottom and a damping term due to friction at the bottom. Other flow quantities, such as pressure, flow velocity components, local Froude number and bottom friction force, can be expressed in terms of the surface elevation. Exact solutions of the extended KdV equation, describing stationary cnoidal waves, are obtained for bottoms of particular periodic shapes. As a limiting case, the solitary waves over a bottom ramp are re-obtained in accord with previous results.
A comparison of personality traits of gifted word learner and typical border collies
Authors: Fugazza C. , Turcsan B. , Sommese A. , Dror S. , Temesi A. , Miklósi A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile personality and cognition are distinct domains, some personality traits may affect the capacity for problem-solving. It was suggested that there is a positive association between the Playfulness trait and problem-solving performance in humans. Studies on giftedness (extremely good capacity in the case of a specific skill), typically aimed to reveal the genetic, experiential, and mental origins of such extreme inter-individual variation. We exploited recent findings on giftedness in a specific cognitive skill, object label learning, in dogs to explore the potential association between this exceptional skill and personality traits. We administered the Dog Personality Questionnaire to 21 gifted dog owners and compared the personality traits of their dogs to those of matched samples of 43 Hungarian and 101 Austrian typical dogs, i.e., dogs lacking this exceptional capacity. Since most Gifted Word Learner dogs are Border collies, we restricted our analysis to dogs of this breed. We hypothesized that the Gifted Word Learner dogs may show higher levels of Playfulness. As expected, we found that the gifted Border collies were rated as more playful than both the Hungarian and Austrian typical ones. Our results suggest that an extremely high level of Playfulness is associated with giftedness in a specific cognitive trait in dogs: the capacity to learn object verbal labels, thus opening new possibilities for comparative research on the relationship between giftedness and personality.