bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression as a Risk Factor for Dementia among aged People with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Egila Hossam , Mustafa Monzer , Esmael Ahmed , Alrashedy Shady , Hamdey Rashed Elkalla Ibrahem , El Emam Gad Sahar , Azmy Kyrillos Fady , Abbas Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the relation between depression and dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods: Clinically diagnosed Type 2 diabetes underwent screening for depression using Beck's Depression Inventory scale and subsequent risk of dementia defined using medical reports, prescription data and death certificates. The mediating act of inflammation systemically was measured by assessing three inflammatory markers (C reactive protein, ESR and Fibrinogen).
Results: The study was conducted on 102 diabetic type 2 patients, included 48 males and 54 females. Patients divided into 12 (11.7%) patients with depression and 90 (88.3%) patients without depression (mean age 61±8.6 and 60.9±9.2 respectively). Mean BMI (body mass index) in depressive patients was 33.5 ± 9.3 and was 31.9 ± 8.9 in non-depressive cases (P value 0.01). There were no significant differences in patients with and without depression regarding the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking as risk factors of dementia. Patients with depression had significant impaired cognition and the total MoCA (Montereal Cognitive Assessment) scores were significantly lower than those of patients without depression (23.21 ± 3.48 vs 26.34 ± 3.78, P <0.05). Complication of diabetes in patients with depression as neuropathy was significant (P value 0.005). Other complications as diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy were non-significant. Inflammatory markers levels in patients with depressive symptoms were significantly higher (P value < 0.01).
Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is an important association between dementia and depression. Systemic inflammation had a significant role in the relation between depression and dementia.
Prevalence of Self Medication and Knowledge of its Associated Risks among Undergraduate Students of a State University in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adesina K. A. , Ayoka M. Adeeyo , Afolalu A. Olamide , Anyebe E. E. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Self-medication, as one element of self-care, is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. It is the use of non-prescribed medicines by people on the basis of their own initiative.
Aim and Purpose: This study assessed the prevalence of self-medication and knowledge of its associated risks among undergraduate students of Osun State University, Osogbo campus. The study determined reasons and factors influencing self-medication among the students.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data a convenient sample of 407 respondents. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results were presented using tables, pie chart, frequency and percentages.
Results: This study shows a very young population of students (average age of 17±5.6 years; range – 16 to 27 years), with male making up over two-thirds (slightly over 64%). Prevalence is relatively high; 55.3% of students had used drugs without medical advice, with more than half of the respondents preferring to buy drugs from chemist or pharmacy shops rather than going to school clinic. Antibiotics are the most commonly self-medicated drug on the campus, with headache as the most frequent reported symptom. Factors such as high cost of consultation, urgency and degree of health problem, pressure of time explained why students self-medicate. Male gender appears absolute determinant (p=0.000) of self-medication; other socio-demographic variables were not significantly related to prevalence to self-medication.
Conclusion: Prevalence of self-medication is relatively high with good knowledge of its associated risks among students of Osun State University, Osogbo Campus. It is recommended that health promotion by health workers and university clinic has become paramount.
Prevalence of Xerostomia among Patients Visiting Private Dental Hospital in Chennai: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Thariny E. , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Xerostomia is a dry mouth condition caused by insufficient or absent saliva flow. Xerostomia is not a disorder, but it may be a symptom of a variety of diseases, a side effect of head and neck radiation, or a side effect of a number of drug medications. It may be linked to reduced salivary gland activity or not.
Aim: To assess the prevalence of xerostomia among patients visiting private dental hospitals in chennai.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done in a university setting. Case sheets of patients who were diagnosed with xerostomia n=24 were obtained from DIAS for analysis between June 2019 - February 2021. The data was then collected using SPSS tools for statistical analysis. A comparison was made between xerostomia with age, gender and predisposing factor.
Results: There was a high prevalence of xerostomia in females (83.3%) when compared to males (16.7%) among the patients visiting private dental hospitals. Xerostomia was more prevalent in the age group of 55-65 years (41.6%). Most common reason for xerostomia was found to be drug medications (60.87%) followed by other factors like diabetic mellitus, radiation therapy etc. On comparison of age with the predisposing factor of xerostomia it was found that the age group of 55-65 year were mostly affected with drug medications as the most common reason to induce xerostomia which was found to be a statistically insignificant ( P value =0.151) Similarly on comparison of gender with predisposing factor of xerostomia, it was found that females were found to be most affected with drug medications as the main predisposing factor which was found to be a statistically significant with p =0.037.
Conclusion: Despite the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that oral dryness will continue to be a significant health problem as life expectancy rises. As a result, it's critical to comprehend the pathophysiology of xerostomia, as it may be a contributing factor in any systemic disorder.
Effect of Varying Parameters on the Properties of Effervescent Paracetamol Tablets for Paediatrics
Authors: Agbamu E. , Arhewoh M. I. , Osunde U. J. , Nwankwo L. U. 
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study was aimed to determine the effect of varying parameters on the properties of effervescent paracetamol tablets for paediatrics.
Study Design: This analytical study was carried out on effervescent paracetamol tablets formulated with differing formulation parameters.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University and Abraka from April 2017 to November, 2017.
Methodology: Different formulations of effervescent paracetamol tablets were produced through wet granulation method using varied concentrations of citric acid (15, 20 and 25 %) and sodium bicarbonate (15, 20 and 25 %) as the major effervescent ingredients. The powder blends were evaluated for angle of repose, tapped and bulk density to determine its flow property. The prepared tablets were further evaluated using the unofficial test for hardness, friability and thickness as well as the official tests for weight uniformity, disintegration time, carbon dioxide (CO2) content, water content and pH.
Results: Angle of repose ranged from 23.96 ± 1.97o - 28.84 ± 0.91o, Hausner’s ratio ranged from 1.16 ± 0.02 – 1.25 ± 0.02 while Carr’s index ranged from 14 ± 1.73 - 20 ± 1.15. All the granules had good flow properties while granules for F3 was the optimized formulation. Friability values were from 0.38 - 0.39 %. Tablets disintegrated between 3 ± 43.06 to 5 ± 16.3 min. The effervescence time in all formulations was between 3 to 5 mins with batch F3 giving the best effervescence time.
Conclusion: Granules made with Formulation F3 had the optimized flow characteristics. Effervescent paracetamol tablets containing 25% each of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate had the most desired properties as increase in both the concentration of the citric acid and sodium bicarbonate led to a decrease in the disintegration and effervescence time.
Automated conversion of Millennium‐120 VMAT plans to HDMLC geometry: Software development and treatment of first patients
Authors: Yang Ray , Lamey Michael , Bartha Leigh , Johnston Michael , Warburton Alexandra , Gillund Dawn , Becker Nathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo provide plan backup resiliency for patients treated on a solitary high definition multileaf collimator (HDMLC) linac by developing a fully integrated Eclipse script, which converts patient plans initially optimized on Millennium‐120 (M120) MLC to dosimetrically equivalent leaf motions for delivery on HDMLC. In the event of HDMLC machine downtime, affected patients can be transferred to Millennium‐120 units, and their backup plan delivered without delay.MethodsWrite‐enabled Eclipse scripting is leveraged to generate HDMLC treatment fields with control points parameterized to mimic apertures of an existing Millennium‐120 VMAT plan. Non‐parity between intermediate control point gantry angles of script generated arcs relative to VMAT is reconciled through an interpolation subroutine to correct for the apertures and monitor units that would have existed at intermediate angles. Differences in dosimetric leaf gap are corrected by displacing the subset of leaves undergoing dynamic motion. A nominal change to plan normalization corrects for remaining discrepancies between beam models.Results
Over 220 non‐SABR VMAT patients were treated on a solitary HDMLC linac with plans converted using the developed script. All have undergone streamlined RO review and physics quality assurance (QA), where the converted plan replicates the original leaf patterns, representing a minor dosimetric perturbation. Analyzing a subset of converted plans delivered at four anatomical sites, on average 99.3% of points pass the 1%/1 mm gamma criterion. Dose‐volume histograms between the original and converted plans are in excellent agreement. ArcCheck measurements comparing delivery of the converted HDMLC plan to the calculated M120 dose distribution averaged a gamma pass rate of 99.4% (95.2%) at a 3%/3 mm (2%/2 mm) criterion. The conversion process takes 30 s to run, avoids errors in exporting/re‐importing, and generates leaf motions deliverable within machine limits.ConclusionThe methodology developed for automated plan conversion helped maximize the utilization of a solitary HDMLC linac, while preserving backup interoperability with minimal overhead.
CaV6O16·2.8H2O with Ca2+ Pillar and Water Lubrication as a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Cathode Material for Ca‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Junjun , Wang Jianxiang , Jiang Yalong , Xiong Fangyu , Tan Shuangshuang , Qiao Fan , Chen Jinghui , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the low cost and low redox potential of calcium, calcium ion batteries (CIBs) are considered a competitive candidate for large‐scale energy storage systems and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the development of CIBs is still in its infancy and hindered by the lack of high‐performance cathode materials. Herein, the metahewettite layered vanadium oxide with the Ca2+ pillar and water lubrication is reported as a cathode material for CIBs. Benefiting from the large interlayer spacing, pillar, and water lubrication effect, the as‐prepared CaV6O16·2.8H2O (CVO) delivers a high discharge capacity of 175.2 mAh g−1 at 50 °C and 131.7 mAh g−1 at room temperature, a long cycle life of 1000 cycles and the highest rate performance (up to 1000 mA g−1) in organic electrolyte. Furthermore, a single‐phase Ca2+ insertion and extraction reaction is revealed by in situ X‐ray diffraction and in‐situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Density functional theory computations indicate that Ca2+ tends to diffuse along the b direction with a low energy barrier of 0.36 eV in CVO. This work is bringing the performance of cathode materials for CIBs to a higher level and of great significance for accelerating the development of CIBs.
Acoustic Bioprinting of Patient‐Derived Organoids for Predicting Cancer Therapy Responses
Authors: Chen Hui , Wu Zhuhao , Gong Zhiyi , Xia Yu , Li Juan , Du Liang , Zhang Yuanzheng , Gao Xiangyang , Fan Zhou , Hu Hang , Qian Qun , Ding Zhao , Guo Shishang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer models, which are biologically representative of patient tumors, can predict the treatment responses and help determine the most appropriate cancer treatment for individual patients. Here, a point‐of‐care testing system called acoustically bioprinted patient‐derived microtissues (PDMs) that can model cancer invasion and predict treatment response in individual patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), is reported. The PDMs are composed of patient‐derived colorectal tumors and healthy organoids which can be precisely arranged by acoustic bioprinting approach for recapulating primary tissue's architecture. Particularly, these tumor organoids can be efficiently generated and can apprehend histological, genomic, and phenotypical characteristics of primary tumors. Consequently, these PDMs allow physiologically relevant in vitro drug (5‐fluorouracil) screens, thus predicting the paired patient's responses to chemotherapy. A correlation between organoid invasion speed and normalized spreading speed of the paired patients is further established. It provides a quantitative indicator to help doctors make better decisions on ultimate anus‐preserving operation for extremely low CRC patients. Thus, by combing acoustic bioprinting and organoid cultures, this method may open an avenue to establish complex 3D tissue models for precision and personalized medicine.
Vertical‐Graphene‐Reinforced Titanium Alloy Bipolar Plates in Fuel Cells
Authors: Yu Feng , Wang Kun , Cui Lingzhi , Wang Shengli , Hou Ming , Xiong Feng , Zou Ruqiang , Gao Peng , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe bipolar plate (BP) serves as one of the crucial components in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Among BP materials, metallic BPs are widely employed due to their outstanding comprehensive properties. However, the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) between BP and gas diffusion layer together with corrosion of metallic BP under acidic operating conditions degrades the performance and stability of PEMFCs. Herein, an approach is proposed for the surface reinforcement of titanium (Ti) alloy BPs, relying on a directly grown vertical graphene (VG) coating via the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. Compared with bare Ti alloy, the corrosion rate of VG‐coated Ti alloy reduces by 1–2 orders of magnitude in the simulated PEMFC operating environments and ICR decreases by ≈100 times, while its thermal conductivity improves by ≈20% and water contact angle increases by 68.1°. The results can be interpreted that the unique structure of VG enables excellent electrical and thermal conduction in PEMFCs, and the highly hydrophobic VG coating suppresses the penetration of corrosive liquid as well as contributing to water management. This study opens a new opportunity to reinforce metallic surfaces by the robust and versatile VG coating for high‐performance electrodes used in energy and catalyst applications.
A Semiconducting Two‐Dimensional Polymer as an Organic Electrochemical Transistor Active Layer
Authors: Rashid Reem B. , Evans Austin M. , Hall Lyndon A. , Dasari Raghunath R. , Roesner Emily K. , Marder Seth R. , D'Allesandro Deanna M. , Dichtel William R. , Rivnay Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are devices with broad potential in bioelectronic sensing, circuits, and neuromorphic hardware. Their unique properties arise from the use of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs) as the active channel. Typical OMIECs are linear polymers, where defined and controlled microstructure/morphology, and reliable characterization of transport and charging can be elusive. Semiconducting two‐dimensional polymers (2DPs) present a new avenue in OMIEC materials development, enabling electronic transport along with precise control of well‐defined channels ideal for ion transport/intercalation. To this end, a recently reported 2DP, TIIP, is synthesized and patterned at 10 µm resolution as the channel of a transistor. The TIIP films demonstrate textured microstructure and show semiconducting properties with accessible oxidation states. Operating in an aqueous electrolyte, the 2DP‐OECT exhibits a device‐scale hole mobility of 0.05 cm2 V–1 s–1 and a µC* figure of merit of 1.75 F cm–1 V–1 s–1. 2DP OMIECs thus offer new synthetic degrees of freedom to control OECT performance and may enable additional opportunities such as ion selectivity or improved stability through reduced morphological modulation during device operation.
Diminishing Interfacial Turbulence by Colloid‐Polymer Electrolyte to Stabilize Zinc Ion Flux for Deep‐Cycling Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jinqiu , Zhang Lifang , Peng Mingji , Zhou Xi , Cao Yufeng , Liu Jie , Shen Xiaowei , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fluidity of aqueous electrolytes and undesired H2 evolution reaction (HER) can cause severe interfacial turbulence in aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs) at deep cycling with high capacities and current densities, which would further perturb ion flux and aggravate Zn dendrite growth. In this study, a colloid‐polymer electrolyte (CPE) with special colloidal phase and suppressed HER is designed to diminish interfacial turbulence and boost deep Zn electrochemistry. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the quantitative migratory barriers of Zn2+ along the transport pathway in CPE demonstrate much smaller fluctuations compared with normal aqueous electrolyte, indicating that CPE can effectively diminish interfacial disturbance. Benefitting from this, the Zn2+ ion flux can be homogenized and deposited evenly on the electrode, which is confirmed by finite element simulation and in situ Raman measurements. Consequently, CPE enables stable operation of Zn//Cu cells even with high capacity (up to 20 mAh cm−2) and current density (up to 100 mA cm−2) and Zn//Na5V12O32 full‐cell with N/P ratio as low as 1 (i.e., 100% Zn utilization). It is believed that this strategy opens a brand‐new avenue based on CPE toward boosting deep‐cycling electrochemistry in ZMBs and even other aqueous energy‐storage applications.
Ionic Hydrogel for Efficient and Scalable Moisture‐Electric Generation
Authors: Yang Su , Tao Xiaoming , Chen Wei , Mao Jianfeng , Luo Heng , Lin Shuping , Zhang Lisha , Hao Jianhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe progress of spontaneous energy generation from ubiquitous moisture is hindered the low output current and intermittent operating voltage of the moisture‐electric generators. Herein a novel and efficient ionic hydrogel moisture‐electric generator (IHMEG) is developed by rational combination of poly(vinyl alcohol), phytic acid, and glycerol‐water binary solvent. Thanks to the synergistic effect of notable moisture‐absorption capability and fast ion transport capability in the ionic hydrogel network, a single IHMEG unit of 0.25 cm2 can continuously generate direct‐current electricity with a constant open‐circuit voltage of ≈0.8 V for over 1000 h, a high short‐current density of 0.24 mA cm−2, and power density of up to 35 µW cm−2. Of great importance is that large‐scale integration of IHMEG units can be readily accomplished to offer a device with voltage up to 210 V, capable of directly driving numerous commercial electronics, including electronic ink screen, metal electrodeposition setup, and light‐emitting‐diode arrays. Such prominent performance is mainly attributed to the enhanced moisture‐liberated proton diffusion proved by experimental observation and theoretical analysis. The ionic hydrogel with high cost‐efficiency, easy‐to‐scaleup fabrication, and high power‐output opens a brand‐new perspective to develop a green, versatile, and efficient power source for Internet‐of‐Things and wearable electronics.
Coupling Lipid Nanoparticle Structure and Automated Single‐Particle Composition Analysis to Design Phospholipase‐Responsive Nanocarriers
Authors: Barriga Hanna M. G. , Pence Isaac J. , Holme Margaret N. , Doutch James J. , Penders Jelle , Nele Valeria , Thomas Michael R. , Carroni Marta , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are versatile structures with tunable physicochemical properties that are ideally suited as a platform for vaccine delivery and RNA therapeutics. A key barrier to LNP rational design is the inability to relate composition and structure to intracellular processing and function. Here Single Particle Automated Raman Trapping Analysis (SPARTA) is combined with small‐angle X‐ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) techniques to link LNP composition with internal structure and morphology and to monitor dynamic LNP–phospholipase D (PLD) interactions. This analysis demonstrates that PLD, a key intracellular trafficking mediator, can access the entire LNP lipid membrane to generate stable, anionic LNPs. PLD activity on vesicles with matched amounts of enzyme substrate is an order of magnitude lower, indicating that the LNP lipid membrane structure can be used to control enzyme interactions. This represents an opportunity to design enzyme‐responsive LNP solutions for stimuli‐responsive delivery and diseases where PLD is dysregulated.
Enhanced Long‐Term Cathode Stability by Tuning Interfacial Nanocomposite for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Hu Dingyue , Dawson Karl , Zanella Marco , Manning Troy D. , Daniels Luke M. , Browning Nigel D. , Mehdi B. Layla , Xu Yaobin , Amari Houari , Shin J. Felix , Pitcher Michael J. , Chen Ruiyong , Niu Hongjun , Liu Bowen , Bilton Matthew , Kim Junyoung , Claridge John B. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPerformance durability is one of the essential requirements for solid oxide fuel cell materials operating in the intermediate temperature range (500–700 °C). The trade‐off between desirable catalytic activity and long‐term stability challenges the development and commercialization of electrode materials. Here an oxygen cathode material, Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.7Fe0.3)0.69−xMgxW0.31O3−δ (BSCFW‐xMg), that exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance through the addition of an optimized amount of Mg to the self‐assembled nanocomposite Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.7Fe0.3)0.69W0.31O3−δ (BSCFW) by simple solid‐state reaction is reported. Distinct from the bulk and surface approaches to introduce vacancies and defects in materials design, here the Mg2+ ions concentrate at the single perovskite/double perovskite interface of BSCFW with dislocations and Mg2+‐rich nanolayers, resulting in stressed and compositionally inhomogeneous interface regions. The interfacial chemistry within these nanocomposites provides an additional degree of freedom to enable performance optimization over single phase materials and promotes the durability of alkaline‐earth based fuel cell materials.