bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of BPA exposure, measured in saliva, on childhood weight
Authors: Heras-González Leticia , Espino Diana , Jimenez-Casquet Maria Jose , Lopez-Moro Alejandro , Olea-Serrano Fatima , Mariscal-Arcas Miguel 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionEndocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), BPA glycidyl methacrylate, and other BPA acrylate–based derivatives have been related to type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and obesity, among other metabolic disorders. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of BPA exposure by saliva analysis and daily physical activity on the risk of overweight/obesity in schoolchildren from southern Spain.MethodsThe study included 300 children (53.5% girls) aged 7–10 years. Participants completed a questionnaire with four sections: participant data, including demographic information and life and family habits; semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire; anthropometric variables; and physical activity variables. All participants underwent dental examination, when the presence of sealants/composites in each tooth and other dental alterations was recorded, and samples of whole saliva were collected for UHPLC-MS/MS analyses.ResultsRisk of overweight/obesity was significantly influenced by body fat composition (OR = 10.77), not walking to and from school (OR = 1.38), lesser energy expenditure in sedentary activities (OR = 12.71), greater energy expenditure in sports (OR =1.62), and exposure to BPA from dental sealants/composites (OR = 1.38; p = 0.058).DiscussionFurther research is warranted on this issue in children, who may be especially vulnerable to the negative health effects of endocrine disruption.
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and atrial fibrillation: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Shengnan , Mei Qiao , Guo Li , Yang Xiaoli , Luo Wenbin , Qu Xuemei , Li Xiaoping , Zhou Bingqing , Chen Ken , Zeng Chunyu 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundInsulin resistance is associated with atrial remodeling as well as atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there was limited evidence on the relationship of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) index, a simple, valuable marker of insulin resistance, with AF. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between TyG index and AF among hospitalized patients.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in Daping Hospital, which included 356 hospitalized patients from the Department of Cardiology. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected from electronic medical records and AF was diagnosed from electrocardiogram (ECG) findings.ResultsWe found that the TyG index was significantly higher in the AF group than in the group without AF. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that hypertension (OR = 1.756, 95%CI 1.135-2.717, P = 0.011) and TyG index (OR = 2.092, 95%CI 1.412-3.100, P&lt;0.001) were positively associated with AF. The analysis of the area under the ROC curve was performed and revealed that area under curve (AUC) of TyG index was 0.600 (95%CI, 0.542-0.659, P = 0.001), the optimal critical value was 8.35, the sensitivity was 65.4%, and the specificity was 52.0%. Additional subgroup analyses of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were also performed and found the TyG index was increased in non-diabetic subjects with AF. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis showed TyG index was associated with AF (OR = 3.065, 95% CI, 1.819-5.166, P&lt;0.001) in non-diabetic subjects. However, TyG index was not associated with AF in diabetic subjects.ConclusionElevated TyG index is an independent risk factor for AF among non-diabetic hospitalized patients.
An immune infiltration-related long non-coding RNAs signature predicts prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Gen , Xu Shaodian , Yang Shuai , Wu Cong , Zhang Liangliang , Wang Hongbing 
Published: December 2022

Background: With a high incidence and dismal survival rate, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tops the list of the world’s most frequent malignant tumors. Immunotherapy is a new approach to cancer treatment, and its effect on prolonging overall survival (OS) varies from patient to patient. For a more effective prognosis and treatment of HCC, we are committed to identifying immune infiltration-related long non-coding RNAs (IIRLs) with prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods: In our study, we calculated immune scores of 369 hepatocellular carcinoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by using an estimation algorithm, and obtained long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with immune infiltration by using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA). For training cohort, univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine prognostic IIRLs, we established a prognostic IIRLs signature. By testing cohort and entire cohort, we confirmed that the signature is practical. The prognosis of people with different clinicopathological stages and risk scores were predicted by the nomogram we constructed. In addition, Immune cell infiltration analysis and prediction of therapeutic drugs were performed.Results: 93 IIRLs were obtained by WGCNA. Furthermore, the prognostic value of these IIRLs were evaluated by using univariate Cox, Lasso and multivariate Cox analysis. Four IIRLs were used to create a signature with a prognosis. Time-related receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that this model had an acceptable prognostic value for HCC patients. By using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, this risk score has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for HCC. The nomogram we made showed good predictions. Except for that, the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) was likely to be more effective for low-risk patients.Conclusion: Based on four IIRLs, a prognostic signature was created in this research showed good accuracy in predicting OS. This study also provided valuable references for Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Pasture intake protects against commercial diet-induced lipopolysaccharide production facilitated by gut microbiota through activating intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzyme in meat geese
Authors: Ali Qasim , Ma Sen , Farooq Umar , Niu Jiakuan , Li Fen , Li Defeng , Wang Zhichang , Sun Hao , Cui Yalei , Shi Yinghua 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionDiet strongly affects gut microbiota composition, and gut bacteria can influence the intestinal barrier functions and systemic inflammation through metabolic endotoxemia. In-house feeding system (IHF, a low dietary fiber source) may cause altered cecal microbiota composition and inflammatory responses in meat geese via increased endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharides) with reduced intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production. The effects of artificial pasture grazing system (AGF, a high dietary fiber source) on modulating gut microbiota architecture and gut barrier functions have not been investigated in meat geese. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether intestinal ALP could play a critical role in attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS facilitating NF-κB pathway-induced systemic inflammation in meat geese.MethodsThe impacts of IHF and AGF systems on gut microbial composition via 16 sRNA sequencing were assessed in meat geese. The host markers analysis through protein expression of serum and cecal tissues, hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, localization of NF-қB and Nrf2 by immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting analysis of ALP, and quantitative PCR of cecal tissues was evaluated.Results and DiscussionIn the gut microbiota analysis, meat geese supplemented with pasture showed a significant increase in commensal microbial richness and diversity compared to IHF meat geese demonstrating the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory ability of the AGF system. A significant increase in intestinal ALP-induced Nrf2 signaling pathway was confirmed representing LPS dephosphorylation mediated TLR4/MyD88 induced ROS reduction mechanisms in AGF meat geese. Further, the correlation analysis of top 44 host markers with gut microbiota showed that artificial pasture intake protected gut barrier functions via reducing ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway-induced gut permeability, systemic inflammation, and aging phenotypes. In conclusion, the intestinal ALP functions to regulate gut microbial homeostasis and barrier function appear to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines by reducing LPS-induced ROS production in AGF meat geese. The AGF system may represent a novel therapy to counteract the chronic inflammatory state leading to low dietary fiber-related diseases in animals.
Age of onset correlates with clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Hu Yacen , Sun Qiying , Yi Fang , Yao Lingyan , Tian Yun , Tang Haiyun , Luo Mengchuan , Xie Nina , Wang Zhiqin , Liao Xinxin , Zhou Lin , Xu Hongwei , Zhou Yafang 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disease preferentially affects the optic nerve and the spinal cord. The first attack usually occurs in the third or fourth decade, though patients with disease onset in the fifties or later are not uncommon. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with different age of onset and to explore the correlations between age of onset and clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 298 NMOSD patients diagnosed according to the 2015 updated version of diagnostic criteria. Patients were divided into early-onset NMOSD (EO-NMOSD) (&lt;50 years at disease onset) and late-onset NMOSD (LO-NMOSD) (≥50 years at disease onset) based on the age of disease onset. LO-NMOSD patients were divided into two subgroups: relative-late-onset NMOSD (RLO-NMOSD) (50~70 years at disease onset) and very-late-onset NMOSD (≥70 years at disease onset). Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, neuroimaging features, and prognostic outcomes were investigated.ResultsCompared to EO-NMOSD patients, patients with LO-NMOSD showed more frequent transverse myelitis (TM) (58.20% vs. 36.00%, p = 0.007) while less frequent optic neuritis (ON) (23.10% vs. 34.80%, p = 0.031) and brainstem/cerebral attacks (7.50% vs. 18.30%, p = 0.006) as the first attack. Patients with LO-NMOSD showed less frequent relapses, higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at the last follow-up, fewer NMOSD-typical brain lesions, and longer segments of spinal cord lesions. Patients with older onset age showed a higher proportion of increased protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid during the acute phase of attacks. Age at disease onset positively correlated with length of spinal cord lesions at first attack and at last follow-up, negatively correlated with ARR-1 (ARR excluding the first attack, calculated from disease onset to final follow-up), irrespective of AQP4-IgG serostatus. Patients with older age at disease onset progressed to severe motor disability sooner, and age of onset positively correlated with EDSS score at the last follow-up, irrespective of AQP4-IgG serostatus.ConclusionAge of disease onset affects clinical characteristics and prognosis outcomes of patients with NMOSD.
Chronic CD40L blockade is required for long-term cardiac allograft survival with a clinically relevant CTLA4-Ig dosing regimen
Authors: Unger Lukas W. , Muckenhuber Moritz , Mahr Benedikt , Schwarz Christoph , Pilat Nina , Granofszky Nicolas , Regele Heinz , Wekerle Thomas 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionInde-novokidney transplantation, the CTLA4-Ig fusion protein belatacept is associated with improved graft function but also an increased risk of acute rejection compared to calcineurin inhibitor therapy. The combination with a second costimulation blocker could potentially improve outcome while avoiding calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. The aim of this study was to define the conditions under which the combination of CTLA4-Ig and CD40L blockade leads to rejection-free permanent graft survival in a stringent murine heart transplantation model.MethodsNaïve wild-type or CD40L (CD154) knock-out mice received a fully mismatched BALB/c cardiac allograft. Selected induction and maintenance protocols for CTLA4-Ig and blocking αCD40L monoclonal antibodies (mAB) were investigated. Graft survival, rejection severity and donor-specific antibody (DSA) formation were assessed during a 100-day follow-up period.Results and DiscussionAdministering αCD40L mAb as monotherapy at the time of transplantation significantly prolonged heart allograft survival but did not further improve the outcome when given in addition to chronic CTLA4-Ig therapy (which prolongs graft survival to a median of 22 days). Likewise, chronic αCD40L mAb therapy (0.5mg) combined with perioperative CTLA4-Ig led to rejection in a proportion of mice and extensive histological damage, despite abrogating DSA formation. Only the permanent interruption of CD40-CD40L signaling by using CD40L-/-recipient mice or by chronic αCD40L administration synergized with chronic CTLA4-Ig to achieve long-term allograft survival with preserved histological graft integrity in all recipients without DSA formation. The combination of α-CD40L and CTLA4-Ig works most effectively when both therapeutics are administered chronically.
Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine coadministered with trivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine: A phase 4, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial in China
Authors: Chen Yaping , Xiao Yanhui , Ye Ying , Jiang Feng , He Hanqing , Luo Linyun , Chen Haiping , Shi Lubin , Mu Qiuyue , Chen Wei , Guo Xue , Zhang Min , Li Jun , Guan Qinghu , Chen Zhiping , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundFew data exist on the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine (EV71 vaccine) coadministered with trivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) in infants.MethodsThis trial was a phase 4, randomized, controlled trial. Infants aged 6-11 months were eligible, with no history of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and no history of EV71 vaccine or any influenza vaccine. Eligible infants were randomly assigned to EV71+IIV3 group, EV71 group or IIV3 group. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and 56.ResultsBetween September 2019 and June 2020, 1151 infants met eligibility criteria and 1134 infants were enrolled. 1045 infants were included in the per-protocol population, including 347 in the EV71+IIV3 group, 343 in the EV71 group, and 355 in the IIV3 group. The seroconversion rate (98.56% vs 98.54%; seroconversion rates difference of 0.02% [95% CI: 0.70-0.98]) and GMT (419.05 vs 503.72; GMT ratio of 0.83 [95% CI 0.70 - 0.98]) of EV71 neutralizing antibodies in the EV71+IIV3 group was not inferior to those in the EV71 group. The non-inferiority results for influenza virus antibodies (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B) showed that the seroconversion rates and GMTs of the EV71+IIV3 group were non-inferiority to those of the IIV3 group. Systemic and local adverse event rates were similar between groups. None of serious adverse events (SAEs) were related to vaccination.ConclusionsCoadministration of the EV71 vaccine with IIV3 was safe and did not interfere with immunogenicity. These findings support a viable immunization strategy for infants with the EV71 vaccine coadministered with IIV3 in China. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04091880.
Diversity of interstitial nemerteans of the genus Ototyphlonemertes (Nemertea: Monostilifera: Ototyphlonemertidae) in the South China Sea, with a comment on the distribution pattern of the genus
Authors: Liu Hai-Long , Kajihara Hiroshi , Sun Shi-Chun 
Published: December 2022

The genus Ototyphlonemertes Diesing, 1863, consisting of 33 named species and numerous unnamed morphospecies/molecular entities, is a unique group of nemerteans that possess cerebral statocysts and specifically live in coarse-grained sands. Only eight named species of this genus have yet been recorded from the Indo-Polynesian biogeographic province, which harbors the highest marine biodiversity in the world. In recent years, Ototyphlonemertes were collected from eight sites along the South China Sea coasts. Nine species/entities were revealed by four phylogenetic markers (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S) analyzed by three species delimitation methods: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Poisson Tree Process (PTP), and Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent model (GMYC). Six entities are described as new species based on integration of morphological and molecular species delimitations: Ototyphlonemertes conicobasis sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes coralli sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes similis sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes sinica sp. nov., Ototyphlonemertes subrubra sp. nov., and Ototyphlonemertes yingge sp. nov. No morphological differences were detected between two entities and Ototyphlonemertes chernyshevi Kajihara et al., 2018, despite large genetic differences, so are treated as candidate species. Ototyphlonemertes ani Chernyshev, 2007 is first recorded in China. Based mostly on results of phylogenetic analyses, two previously established subgenera are re-defined, and a new subgenus, Procso subgen. nov., is established. Through reviewing the existing studies, we recognize 101 species/entities of Ototyphlonemertes, which are distributed in 18 marine biogeographic provinces. Most (88.1%) of them are endemic to a single biogeographic province, and evolutionary lineages endemic to a geographic area are not uncommon. Maximum diversity has been recorded in the Indo-Polynesian Province (22 species), though sampling to date has covered only a small part of the biogeographic province.
The geographic problem in cephalopod genomics
Authors: Vecchione Michael , Sweeney Michael J. , Rothman Paula L. 
Published: December 2022

Publications describing genomes of various cephalopod species have recently proliferated. Some papers have involved large geographic distances between the collection locality of sequenced specimens and the type locality of the presumed species. However, cryptic species have been demonstrated in many cephalopods. Therefore, even if the sequenced specimen is very similar morphologically to the species in question, the likelihood that it is a member of the species in question decreases with increasing distance from the type locality. An associated problem is that many publications do not provide information adequate to determine the source locality for the genomic sequence. We reviewed a decade of literature on mitochondrial genomes of cephalopods and found a total of 43 publications containing 48 species within 23 genera. Of the 48 species, only 17 could be evaluated for our geographic question. Distances between sampling locality and type locality of the named species ranged from 0 nautical miles (sampled at type locality) to half-way around the world. Where data were present for distance calculation, the average for the 17 species was 3785 km (2044 nmi).
Evaluation of Polycladia myrica mediated selenium nanoparticles (PoSeNPS) cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells and antiviral activity against HAV HM175 (Hepatitis A), HSV-2 (Herpes simplex II), and Adenovirus strain 2
Authors: Touliabah Hussein Elsayed , El-Sheekh Mostafa Mohamed , Makhlof Mofida Elsayed Mohmed 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThe trace element selenium is an essential micronutrient for the health of humans, animals, and microbesMany researchers have recently become interested in selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) because of their biocompatibility, bioavailability, and low toxicity. Consequently, selenium nanoparticles are widely used in various biomedical applications and wastewater bioremediation due to their greater bioactivity. Green biosynthesis of nanoparticles is common and preferable nowadays.MethodsIn this work, the selenium nanoparticles were synthesized using the brown seaweed Polycladia myrica aqueous extract and characterized using seven parameters, SEM, TEM, UV spectra, Zeta potential, EDX, X-ray differaction and FTIR, then examined for their cytotoxicity using PC-3 cells and normal mammalian cells from the African green monkey kidney (Vero) were used to test the effectiveness of the produced Polycladia myrica mediated selenium nanoparticles as an anticancer agent and antiviral activity against HAV HM175 (Hepatitis A), HSV-2 (Herpes simplex II), and Adenovirus strain 2.ResultsThe phycosynthesized nanoparticles exhibit antiviral activity (40.25 ± 2.61, 8.64 ± 0.82, and 17.39 ± 1.45%) against HAV-10, Adenovirus, and HSV-2, respectively. The IC50 values of the two cell types human prostate PC-3 and Vero were 123.51 ± 4.07 g/mL and 220.53 ± 6.89 g/ mL, respectively. The maximum inhibitory percent was 86.15 ± 2.31 against PC-3 cells. At the same time, at a concentration of 125 g/mL.DisscusionThis work showed that PoSeNPS have good antiviral activity against HAV-10 virus with an antiviral percent of 40.25%, despite weak antiviral activity against Adenovirus and HSV-2 with antiviral percent (8.64% and 17.39%), respectively. The cytotoxicity effect of these nanoparticles was determined against PC-3 with a maximum inhibitory percent of 80.53%. These nanoparticles have no hazardous effect against normal Vero cells as the viability percent was (78.39% and 49.23%) for Vero cells and PC-3 cells, respectively, at 125 μg/mL.
Assessing the 3D structural behavior of RC library buildings with/without non-structural elements considering shake table tests and 3D numerical analyses
Authors: Karalar Memduh , Çavuşlu Murat , Ozturk Hakan , Mert Necati , Ahmad Mahmood , Sabri Mohanad Muayad Sabri 
Published: December 2022

In this study, it is aimed to reveal how anchored and unanchored non-structural elements (NEs) in reinforcement concrete (RC) library structures change the earthquake behaviors of these structures. A library structure is selected for three-dimensional (3D) analysis. First, seismic shake table tests are performed for selected NEs modeled with/without anchorage to the structure. Owing to these seismic tests, the largest seismic displacement values that occurred during 10 different earthquakes on each anchored and unanchored NE are acquired. Then, special seismic loads (e.g., high bookcase loads and heavy table loads) of anchored and unanchored NEs are calculated, taking into account the ASCE/SEI 7-16 seismic design code and the 2018 Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC). Seismic spring values of NEs are calculated using the obtained seismic forces and maximum seismic displacements for the NEs. Then, these spring values are applied to the base of the NEs in the 3D model of the structure, and 10 different earthquake analyses are conducted for the library structures with anchored and unanchored NEs. According to the numerical results, the seismic effects of NEs on the earthquake behavior of RC library structures are evaluated for two different seismic design codes in detail, and it is concluded that NEs should not be neglected while modeling and analyzing RC library structures. It is seen from the seismic analyses that for the TBEC, 37, 56, and 126 mm maximum seismic displacements are observed on the library structure for structures without NEs, structures with unanchored NEs, and structures with anchored NEs, respectively. Moreover, for the ASCE code, 32, 45, and 119 mm maximum displacements are seen on the library structure for structures without NEs, structures with unanchored NEs, and structures with anchored NEs, respectively. It is clearly understood that anchored or unanchored NEs have different seismic effects on the 3D earthquake behavior of library structures.