bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature of Engineering
Authors: Barak Miri , Ginzburg Tamar , Erduran Sibel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Engineering education has slowly been making its way into schools with the aim of promoting engineering literacy, which is central to learning and working in a technology-oriented society. Educators and policy makers advocate the need for developing students’ understanding of the nature of engineering (NOE); yet, there is an ongoing debate on the heuristics that should be applied. In this article, we review and discuss current studies on engineering education in schools and the integration of engineering into the science curriculum. We describe four aspects of engineering fields: Structures, Machines, Materials, and Data, each uniquely characterized by the technology used and the artefact produced. We discuss the application of the Family Resemblance Approach (FRA) to the characterization of NOE, focusing on the cognitive and epistemic domain. Accordingly, we describe NOE through four categories: Aims & Values, Engineering Practices, Methods & Methodological Rules, and Engineering Knowledge, which can guide teaching and learning about NOE. Building on the FRA, this paper provides a framework for a continuous discussion on NOE and the theoretical and practical relationships between science and engineering.
Circulating tumor cells correlating with Ki-67 predicts the prognosis of bladder cancer patients
Authors: Liu Jie , Ma Cailing , Li Xiaohang , Li Anan , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and Ki-67 in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer. Here, we tested CTC counts and Ki-67 levels to assess patient prognosis.

Methods
84 patients with bladder cancer who underwent surgery were included in this study. Peripheral blood CTCs were detected by SE-iFISH technology before and after surgery, and Ki-67 levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The association between CTCs and Ki-67 and the combination of the two was analyzed to predict the prognosis of patients.

Results
76 out of 84 patients (90.5%) were positive. ROC curve analysis showed that preoperative and postoperative CTC counts = 4 and 2 were the best thresholds for predicting patient recurrence or death. In multivariate analysis, high postoperative CTC count (≥ 2) (P < 0.001) and Ki-67 high expression (≥ 15%) (P < 0.001) were independent poor prognostic factors for PFS in bladder cancer patients. In addition, the study found that Ki-67 levels were positively correlated with high postoperative CTC counts, Bladder cancer patients with Ki-67 high expression and high postoperative CTC counts were associated with extremely poor progression-free survival.

Conclusion
Ki-67 high expression is associated with high postoperative CTC counts, both of which predict poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients.
Growth charts for small sample sizes using unsupervised clustering: Application to canine early growth
Authors: Kocevar Gabriel , Rioland Maxime , Laxalde Jérémy , Mugnier Amélie , Adib-Lesaux Achraf , Gaillard Virginie , Bodin Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreed-specific growth curves (GCs) are needed for neonatal puppies, but breed-specific data may be insufficient. We investigated an unsupervised clustering methodology for modeling GCs by augmenting breed-specific data with data from breeds having similar growth profiles. Puppy breeds were grouped by median growth profiles (bodyweights between birth and Day 20) using hierarchical clustering on principal components. Median bodyweights for breeds in a cluster were centered to that cluster’s median and used to model cluster GCs by Generalized Additive Models for Location, Shape and Scale. These were centered back to breed growth profiles to produce cluster-scale breed GCs. The accuracy of breed-scale GCs modeled with breed-specific data only and cluster-scale breed GCs were compared when modeled from diminishing sample sizes. A complete dataset of Labrador Retriever bodyweights (birth to Day 20) was split into training (410 puppies) and test (460 puppies) datasets. Cluster-scale breed and breed-scale GCs were modelled from defined sample sizes from the training dataset. Quality criteria were the percentages of observed data in the test dataset outside the target growth centiles of simulations. Accuracy of cluster-scale breed GCs remained consistently high down to sampling sizes of three. They slightly overestimated breed variability, but centile curves were smooth and consistent with breed-scale GCs modeled from the complete Labrador Retriever dataset. At sampling sizes ≤ 20, the quality of breed-scale GCs reduced notably. In conclusion, GCs for neonatal puppies generated using a breed-cluster hybrid methodology can be more satisfactory than GCs at purely the breed level when sample sizes are small.
An effective uranium removal using diversified synthesized cross-linked chitosan bis-aldehyde Schiff base derivatives from aqueous solutions
Authors: Hamed Amira , Orabi Ahmed , Salem Hend , Ismaiel Doaa , Saad Gamal , Abdelhamid Ismail , Elwahy Ahmed , Elsabee Maher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThree new cross-linked chitosan derivatives were yielded through intensification of chitosan with diverse types of bis-aldehydes. The prepared cross-linked chitosan was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, XRD, and TGA techniques. TGA indicated an improvement in thermal stability of the cross-linked chitosan compared with pure chitosan. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the three novel cross-linked chitosan bis-aldehyde derivatives possessed good adsorption capacity against U(VI) in the order of BFPA > BFB > BODB (adsorption capacity of the three adsorbents for U(VI) reaches 142, 124, and 114 mg/g respectively) and the adsorption isotherm and kinetic were well described by the Langmuir and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. In addition, the prepared cross-linked chitosan bis-aldehyde derivatives were examined as U(VI) catcher from waste solutions.
Graphical Abstract
MR-CT multi-atlas registration guided by fully automated brain structure segmentation with CNNs
Authors: Walluscheck Sina , Canalini Luca , Strohm Hannah , Diekmann Susanne , Klein Jan , Heldmann Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to identify anomalies in brain tissues because their localization is important for diagnosis and therapy planning. Due to the insufficient soft tissue contrast of CT, the division of the brain into anatomical meaningful regions is challenging and is commonly done with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

We propose a multi-atlas registration approach to propagate anatomical information from a standard MRI brain atlas to CT scans. This translation will enable a detailed automated reporting of brain CT exams. We utilize masks of the lateral ventricles and the brain volume of CT images as adjuvant input to guide the registration process. Besides using manual annotations to test the registration in a first step, we then verify that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a reliable solution for automatically segmenting structures to enhance the registration process.

Results

The registration method obtains mean Dice values of 0.92 and 0.99 in brain ventricles and parenchyma on 22 healthy test cases when using manually segmented structures as guidance. When guiding with automatically segmented structures, the mean Dice values are 0.87 and 0.98, respectively.

Conclusion

Our registration approach is a fully automated solution to register MRI atlas images to CT scans and thus obtain detailed anatomical information. The proposed CNN segmentation method can be used to obtain masks of ventricles and brain volume which guide the registration.
The impact of teenagers' emotions on their complexity thinking competence related to climate change and its consequences on their future: looking at complex interconnections and implications in climate change education
Authors: Oberauer Karin , Schickl Maximilian , Zint Michaela , Liebhaber Nina , Deisenrieder Veronika , Kubisch Susanne , Parth Sandra , Frick Melanie , Stötter Hans , Keller Lars 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study seeks to address critical gaps in climate change education research with regard to (1) emotions triggered in teenage students learning about climate change, (2) the students’ complexity thinking competence in the context of climate change consequences, and (3) the interconnections between different types of emotions and the levels of complexity thinking competence in teenagers’ explanations of climate change. The study drew on quantitative and qualitative data from 315 (2013–2015) and 246 (2021) teenage secondary school students from a pre-/post-intervention survey from Austria’s year-longk.i.d.Z.21—Competent into the Futureprogram, in which almost 3,500 students aged between 13 and 19 have participated up to now. Climate change triggered expected types of emotions in students. Following exploratory factor analyses, these were clustered into two groups. Multilevel modeling revealed that thek.i.d.Z.21-modules had no influence on teenage students’ levels of complexity thinking competence in their explanations of climate change for themselves and humanity in general. The first group of emotions (i.e.,angry, sad, helpless, insecure, worried and inspired to act) was associated with higher levels of complexity thinking competence in participants’ answers to questions about climate change and, therefore, designated “stimulation”. The opposite was true for the second group (i.e.,apathetic, annoyed, and hopeful), which diminished the level of complexity thinking competence in responses and, therefore, designated “attenuation”. Future studies are encouraged to draw on the emotion measures developed for this study to replicate and advance this study’s findings. Educationists are urged to pay greater attention to emotions in climate change education.
Association between adherence to the American Cancer Society Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines and stool frequency among colon cancer survivors: a cohort study
Authors: Greenberg Anya L. , Tolstykh Irina V. , Van Loon Katherine , Laffan Angela , Stanfield Dalila , Steiding Paige , Kenfield Stacey A. , Chan June M. , Atreya Chloe E. , Piawah Sorbarikor , Kidder Wesley , Venook Alan P. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Varma Madhulika G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We sought to determine whether adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with better bowel function among colon cancer survivors.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included patients surgically treated for stage I–IV colon cancer enrolled in the Lifestyle and Outcomes after Gastrointestinal Cancer (LOGIC) study between February 2017 and May 2021. Participants were assigned an ACS score (0–6 points) at enrollment. Stool frequency (SF) was assessed every 6 months using the EORTC QLQ-CR29. Higher SF is an indication of bowel function impairment. ACS score at enrollment was examined in relation to SF at enrollment and over a 3-year period. Secondarily, we examined associations between the ACS score components (body mass index, dietary factors, and physical activity) and SF. Multivariable models were adjusted for demographic and surgical characteristics.

Results

A total of 112 people with colon cancer (59% women, mean age 59.5 years) were included. Cross-sectionally, for every point increase in ACS score at enrollment, the odds of having frequent stools at enrollment decreased by 43% (CI 0.42–0.79; p < 0.01). Findings were similar when we examined SF as an ordinal variable and change in SF over a 3-year period. Lower consumption of red/processed meats and consuming a higher number of unique fruits and vegetables were associated with lower SF (better bowel function) at enrollment.

Conclusions
Colon cancer survivors who more closely followed the ACS nutrition and physical activity guidelines had lower SF, an indication of better bowel function.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Our findings highlight the value of interventions that support health behavior modification as part of survivorship care for long-term colon cancer survivors.
From Within and Without: Gender, Agency and Sustainable Management of Non-Timber Forest Products in Two Indian States
Authors: Jalonen Riina , Ziegert Rafaella Ferraz , Lamers Hugo A. H. , Hegde Narasimha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNon-timber forest products (NTFP) from trees are often collected using unsustainable practices, which contributes to the species’ decline and affects the livelihoods and wellbeing of the most forest-dependent groups, such as women, ethnic minorities and the landless. Here we assess opportunities to improve the sustainability of NTFP collection practices across two landscapes in India, using an agency perspective where male and female NTFP collectors themselves identified and evaluated practices and potential interventions for species of their choice. We developed a framework for identifying community-based solutions for NTFP management and carried out participatory exercises in gender-segregated groups in ten rural communities across two states. Unsustainable collection practices such as cutting branches to collect fruits were somewhat more common among women than men, and more common in the more degraded landscape with weaker forest management institutions. Participants described ecological and economic impacts of collection practices in detail, including impacts on future yields, regeneration and product prices. Proposed solutions to improve NTFP management in the less degraded landscape were focused on incentivising sustainable use and working through village institutions, external actors, or both in collaboration. In the more degraded landscape, participants emphasised sanctions and did not frequently propose the existing village institutions to take action. Women proposed collaboration with external actors less often than men. The results indicate that agency perspectives are useful in stimulating discussion about locally relevant NTFP management options, but that social and gender norms and poor relationships with forestry authorities constrain the agency of vulnerable groups in identifying opportunities for change.
An analysis of the utilisation of medical identification jewellery among children and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Australia
Authors: Heath Madeleine , Torpy David J. , Rushworth Rosemary Louise 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aims
People with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at risk of life-threatening illness. Medical jewellery is recommended for emergencies, but its uptake is unknown. This study assessed the use of medical jewellery among people with T1DM aged 0–24 years in Australia.

Methods
A cross sectional analysis of subscription data to the largest medical identification jewellery service in Australia was analysed by age, sex and geographic location using Australian population data from 2018.

Results
There were 1599 people with T1DM aged 0–24 in the database, but only 1061 had an active subscription, corresponding to an active subscription rate of 13.28/100,000 population or ~5% of the estimated patient population. Half of the active subscribers were male (543/1061, 51/3%). The average age of active subscribers was 17; very few (n = 12, 1.1%) were aged less than 5; and the highest number (n = 141, 39%) was in the 20–24 age group. Active subscription rates varied significantly by geographic location. 88.4% of active subscribers had a diagnosis of T1DM or equivalent inscribed on their emblem, while engraved instructions for management in an emergency were only included in 1.8% of records (n = 19).

Conclusions
Medical jewellery subscription rates were lower than expected; increased with age; and varied significantly by state/territory. The use of medical identification jewellery may be limited by the lack of suitable engraved instructions for use in an emergency. Factors leading to low use should be addressed.
Social anxiety in adolescents and young adults from the general population: an epidemiological characterization of fear and avoidance in different social situations
Authors: Ernst Julia , Ollmann Theresa Magdalena , König Elisa , Pieper Lars , Voss Catharina , Hoyer Jana , Rückert Frank , Knappe Susanne , Beesdo-Baum Katja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and, more generally, social fears are common in young people. Although avoidance behaviors are known to be an important maintaining factor of social anxiety, little is known about the severity and occurrence of avoidance behaviors in young people from the general population, hampering approaches for early identification and intervention. Symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of DSM-5 mental disorders including SAD were assessed in a random population-based sample of 14-21-year-olds (n = 1,180) from Dresden, Germany, in 2015/2016 using a standardized diagnostic interview (DIA-X-5/D-CIDI). An adapted version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was used to ascertain the extent of social fears and avoidance. Diagnostic criteria for lifetime SAD were met by n = 82 participants, resulting in a weighted lifetime prevalence of 6.6%. Social anxiety was predominantly reported for test situations and when speaking or performing in front of others. Avoidance was most prevalent in the latter situations. On average, anxiety and avoidance first occurred at ages 11 and 12, respectively, with avoidance occurring in most cases either at about the same age as anxiety or slightly later. In the total sample, lifetime prevalence for most DSM-5 disorders increased with the severity of social anxiety and avoidance. Results underline the need for preventive or early intervention efforts especially regarding test anxiety and fear and avoidance of speaking in front of others. These situations are particularly relevant in youth. Avoidance behaviors may also be discussed as diagnostic marker for early case identification.
Patient-caregiver relationship in cancer fatigue and distress. A dyadic approach
Authors: Taurisano Paolo , De Feudis Rossana L. , Graziano Giusi , Marzano Nicola , Curci Antonietta , Fidanzio Antonella , Annunziata Maria Antonietta , Antinone Valeria , Brovelli Simona , Carone Mariagrazia , Cavanna Luigi , Cormio Claudia , Cuomo Arturo , Di Mattei Valentina , Di Silvestre Annarita , Lettini Alessandro , Petrone Antonio , Scriminaci Maria Carmela , Tralongo Paolo , De Caro Maria Fara , Lanciano Tiziana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt has been shown that a reciprocal relationship between cancer patients and their family caregivers positively decreases distress in both. In this context we tried to explore the role of relationship reciprocity in the dyad members’ symptoms of fatigue and distress (anxiety and depression). Specifically, we aimed to assess the implications of relationship reciprocity testing the link between the various measurements of patient Quality of Life (QoL) and caregiver burden and the other measures of fatigue, distress, and relationship reciprocity. Moreover we aimed to examine the inter-relatedness of patients’ and caregivers’ relationship reciprocity with their own as well as fatigue and distress of the dyads. A convenience sample of 545 adult cancer patients and their caregivers from 15 cancer centers were examined using a cross-sectional design. Participants were administered dyadic measures (fatigue, distress, relationship reciprocity) and individual measures (patients’ QoL and caregivers’ burden). Patients’ QoL and caregivers’ Burden were associated with fatigue, distress and relationship reciprocity. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) revealed that each person’s relationship reciprocity was associated with their own distress and fatigue (actor effects); only caregivers’ relationship reciprocity was associated with patients’ fatigue and distress (partner effects). These findings suggest that the implication of the caregiving relationship for fatigue symptoms in both - patients and caregivers - appears worth of investigation.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Pediatric Populations—– Voices from Typically Developing Children and Adolescents and their Parents
Authors: Sierawska Anna , Splittgerber Maike , Moliadze Vera , Siniatchkin Michael , Buyx Alena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a brain stimulation technique currently being researched as an alternative or complimentary treatment for various neurological disorders. There is little knowledge about experiences of the participants of tDCS clinical research, especially from pediatric studies.

Methods
An interview study with typically developing minors (n = 19, mean age 13,66 years) participating in a tDCS study, and their parents (n = 18) was conducted to explore their views and experiences and inform the ethical analysis.

Results
Children (10–13 years old) and adolescents (14–18 years old) reported good experiences with the stimulation. Next to financial incentives, main motives to participate in the study were curiosity and the possibility to help develop treatments for children affected by neurological disorders. They could also see a potential of using tDCS in a non-medical setting, especially regarding the provision of equal opportunity, e.g. in education. Parents also presented a positive attitude towards tDCS and their children participation in the basic research study. Nevertheless, their understanding of tDCS was rather poor. Even though many of them understood the techniques, they often did not see the link between the (current) lack of side effects and an absence of longitudinal studies. Parents were also cautious about using tDCS for non-medical/enhancement purposes.

Conclusions
The study findings show a need for more transparent information about the state of the art of tDCS, its function and what it might be able to offer, especially considering the good acceptability of tDCS.
An Integrative Approach to Emotional Agency at Work
Authors: Hökkä Päivi , Vähäsantanen Katja , Ikävalko Heini 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe concept of agency has recently emerged as a fruitful construct in understanding organizational practices and development. However, agency has tended so far to be seen as a rational and goal-oriented phenomenon, with little attention paid to the role of emotions within it. There is thus a need for theoretical discussion on both agency and emotions in organizations, and also on how the two phenomena are related. This paper aims to introduce an elaborated conceptualization of emotional agency at work, based on recent theories on professional agency and emotions in organizational contexts. We suggest that emotional agency can be understood as the competence to perceive, understand, and take into account one’s own emotions and those of others, and further to influence emotions within organizational practices, actions, and interactions. Our paper provides an integrative definition of emotional agency at work (EAW), usable in future research. It also elaborates how emotional agency may function within organizations and their development practices.