bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional network segregation is associated with attenuated tau spreading in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Steward Anna , Biel Davina , Brendel Matthias , Dewenter Anna , Roemer Sebastian , Rubinski Anna , Luan Ying , Dichgans Martin , Ewers Michael , Franzmeier Nicolai ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionLower network segregation is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet it is unclear whether less segregated brain networks facilitate connectivity‐mediated tau spreading.MethodsWe combined resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with longitudinal tau positron emission tomography (PET) in 42 betamyloid‐negative controls and 81 amyloid beta positive individuals across the AD spectrum. Network segregation was determined using resting‐state fMRI–assessed connectivity among 400 cortical regions belonging to seven networks.ResultsAD subjects with higher network segregation exhibited slower brain‐wide tau accumulation relative to their baseline entorhinal tau PET burden (typical onset site of tau pathology). Second, by identifying patient‐specific tau epicenters with highest baseline tau PET we found that stronger epicenter segregation was associated with a slower rate of tau accumulation in the rest of the brain in relation to baseline epicenter tau burden.DiscussionOur results indicate that tau spreading is facilitated by a more diffusely organized connectome, suggesting that brain network topology modulates tau spreading in AD.Highlights
Higher brain network segregation is associated with attenuated tau pathology accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
A patient‐tailored approach allows for the more precise localization of tau epicenters.
The functional segregation of subject‐specific tau epicenters predicts the rate of future tau accumulation.
Waste organic acid treatment with polyethyleneimine grafted polystyrene resin
Authors: Meng Qi , Cao Yiwen , Ma Shufeng , Wang Meiling , Niu Hao , Jiang Weihua , Teng Qiaoqiao , Jia Ninghong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic acid is a kind of important fine chemicals with wide application, while impropriate discharges would cause serious damage to environment. In this report, two polyethyleneimine (PEI‐600, 1800) functionalized polystyrene (PS) resins were facilely prepared to remediate common organic acids. The heavier PEI‐1800 resulted in surprisingly lower nitrogen loading of PSPEI under optimal conditions due to more significant extra grafting. Therefore, PSPEI‐600 was used to adsorb two groups (aliphatic and aromatic) of eight common organic acids, and showed highest adsorptive capacities toward salicylic acid (SA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The adsorption of TFA was faster and was mainly due to strong acid–base interactions by forming ammonium carboxylate. SA possessed lower acidity, but its additional π‐π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions with the PSPEI resin led to a slower but overall higher uptake. Kinetic studies indicated that both acid adsorptions conformed to pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, and the adsorption rate was controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The adsorptions followed Langmuir isotherms and were identified as a spontaneous endothermic process.
High improvement of interfacial and mechanical properties in reinforcedPPcomposite by grafting polyethyleneimine modified carboxylicmulti‐walledcarbon nanotubes on short carbon fiber
Authors: Fang Jianpeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) will benefit greatly from improving interfacial performance. In this study, the interfacial properties of the PEI‐CNT‐CF/PP composite was improved by coating polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified carboxylic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous solution (PEI‐CNT) onto the surface of the CF (PEI‐CNT‐CF) to form a network structure. The network formation changed the chemical characteristics and compatibility of CF surface by introducing amine (imine) groups, and could induce transcrystallization (TC) at interface of composite. These positive factors led to a 24.6% increasement in the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of PEI‐CNT‐CF/PP, and further resulted in 16.2% and 5.3% improvement in tensile and flexural strength, respectively. SEM images of the fracture surface demonstrated a significant improvement in the interfacial adhesion between PEI‐CNT‐CF and PP resin. These results indicated that the PEI‐CNT was a great choice to strengthen the interface of CF/PP system.
A comparison of methods for measuring camouflaging in autism
Authors: Hannon Benjamin , Mandy William , Hull Laura 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterest in social camouflaging has led to a multiplicity of measurement methods of uncertain validity. This two‐part investigation first used a systematic review (“Study 1”) to identify and appraise methods used to quantify camouflaging of autistic traits, using the Consensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments checklist. A total of 16 distinct measurement tools were identified; all are in the preliminary phases of psychometric evaluation. The systematic review highlighted: (1) the need for parent‐report tools which specifically measure camouflaging; and (2) a lack of studies looking at associations between different methods of camouflaging, which limits understanding of their validity. “Study 2” aimed to begin to address these gaps in knowledge. We created a parent‐report version of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT‐Q) and evaluated its concurrent validity in autistic young people by examining associations with the self‐report CAT‐Q and a discrepancy measure. Discriminant validity was investigated by comparing all three methods of measuring camouflaging to a measure of social skills, to test whether they assess a construct distinct from social ability. The self‐ and parent‐report CAT‐Q were significantly related (r = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24–0.65), and were related weakly (r = 0.20, 95% CI = −0.06 to 0.43) and strongly (r = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.23–0.64), respectively, to the discrepancy approach. No measure was associated with social skills. Improving the psychometric properties of these methods, and introducing a novel parent‐report measure, may help selection of appropriate methods in future research and integration into clinical practice.
Signaling pathways in cancer‐associated fibroblasts: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Fang Zengli , Meng Qingcai , Xu Jin , Wang Wei , Zhang Bo , Liu Jiang , Liang Chen , Hua Jie , Zhao Yingjun , Yu Xianjun , Shi Si 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Well‐known signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), Hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt, Hippo, nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways, as well as transcription factors, including hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), P53, Snail, and Twist, constitute complex regulatory networks in the TME to modulate the formation, activation, heterogeneity, metabolic characteristics and malignant phenotype of CAFs. Activated CAFs remodel the TME and influence the malignant biological processes of cancer cells by altering the transcriptional and secretory characteristics, and this modulation partially depends on the regulation of signaling cascades. The results of preclinical and clinical trials indicated that therapies targeting signaling pathways in CAFs demonstrated promising efficacy but were also accompanied by some failures (e.g., NCT01130142 and NCT01064622). Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the signaling cascades in CAFs might help us better understand the roles of CAFs and the TME in cancer progression and may facilitate the development of more efficient and safer stroma‐targeted cancer therapies. Here, we review recent advances in studies of signaling pathways in CAFs and briefly discuss some future perspectives on CAF research.
Significance of Siglec‐15 expression in colorectal cancer: association with advanced disease stage and fewer tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Lu Zhao , Cheng Pu , Huang Fei , Li Jiyun , Wang Bingzhi , Zou Shuangmei , Zheng Zhaoxu , Peng Chunwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSiglec‐15, a novel immune suppressor, is upregulated in many human cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of Siglec‐15 in colorectal cancer (CRC), and investigate whether Siglec‐15 could be a potential target for cancer immunotherapy in patients with CRC. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of Siglec‐15 on a cohort of 805 patients with CRC and made comparisons between clinicopathological characteristics, PD‐L1 expression, CD3, CD8, CD45RO tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and prognosis. We found that Siglec‐15 expression was commonly detected in tumor cells (48.3%) and tumor‐associated stromal cells (33.4%), and was more frequently observed than PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells. In contrast, Siglec‐15 expression was weakly and scarcely found in normal mucosa (13%). Siglec‐15 overexpression in tumor cells was associated with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.020). Co‐expression of Siglec‐15 and PD‐L1 in tumor cells was found in 14.4% of patients, and Siglec‐15 expression was detected in almost half of PD‐L1 negative cases. Elevated Siglec‐15 expression in tumor and stromal cells was associated with sparser CD45RO and CD8 TILs (p = 0.035 and p = 0.004, respectively). The expression of Siglec‐15 did not have prognostic significance. In summary, compared to PD‐L1, Siglec‐15 protein expression is more prevalent in CRC and is associated with advanced disease stage and fewer TILs. These findings support Siglec‐15 as a potential cancer immunotherapy target, in addition to PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors, in patients with CRC.
Dynamic virtual machine relocation system for energy‐efficient resource management in the cloud
Authors: Madireddy Amarendhar Reddy , Ravindranath Kongara 
Published: November 2022

SummaryCloud services can be expanded and offered in a flexible manner depending on the needs of the users, and cloud computing has become more popular. The energy consumption to provide users with service quality is the biggest concern in virtualization technology. Therefore, reducing energy consumption is a key step in reducing the operating costs of various organizations' data centers. In this article, we propose a dynamic VM relocation (DVMR) system used inside data centers to study virtualization technologies for reducing energy consumption in cloud computing environments. The DVMR system provides a method for predicting PM load by using and selecting loaded and unloaded PM, thereby effectively managing virtualization and energy saving. Experimental evaluation is done by implementing load threshold‐based relocation. The results show that the proposed system can efficiently balance the load between different PMs and efficiently decrease the energy consumption of the entire system.
Ontogenetic effects of brood parasitism by the Brown‐headed Cowbird on host offspring
Authors: Jones Todd M. , Di Giovanni Alexander J. , Hauber Mark E. , Ward Michael P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNest‐sharer avian brood parasites do not evict or otherwise kill host chicks, but instead inflict a range of negative effects on their nestmates that are mediated by interactions between the parasite and host life history traits. Although many of the negative fitness effects of avian brood parasitism are well documented across diverse host species, there remains a paucity of studies that have examined the impacts of parasitism across the entirety of host ontogeny (i.e., from when an egg is laid until independence). More specifically, few studies have examined the impact of brood parasitism on the pre‐ and post‐fledging development, physiology, behavior, and survival of host offspring. To help fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the effects of brood parasitism by Brown‐headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) across the ontogeny (incubation, nestling, and post‐fledging period) of nine sympatrically breeding host species in central Illinois, USA; due to sample sizes, impacts on the post‐fledging period were only examined in two of the nine species. Specifically, we examined the impact of brood parasitism on ontogenetic markers including the embryonic heart rate, hatching rate, nestling period length, nest survival, and offspring growth and development. Additionally, in species in which we found negative impacts of cowbird parasitism on host nestmate ontogeny, we examined whether the difference in adult size between parasites and their hosts and their hatching asynchrony positively predicted variation in host costs across these focal taxa. We found that costs of cowbird parasitism were most severe during early nesting stages (reduction in the host clutch or brood size) and were predicted negatively by host size and positively by incubation length. In contrast, we only found limited costs of cowbird parasitism on other stages of host ontogeny; critically, post‐fledging survival did not differ between host offspring that fledged alongside cowbirds and those that did not. Our findings (i) highlight the direct costs of cowbird parasitism on host fitness, (ii) provide evidence for when (the stage) those costs are manifested, and (iii) may help to explain why many anti‐cowbird defenses of hosts have evolved for protection from parasitism during the laying and incubation stages.
Distribution and conservation of Campanulaceae in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
Authors: de Mello Rollim Isis , Trovó Marcelo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe geographical distribution of Campanulaceae species from Rio de Janeiro state is detailed based on field expeditions and analyses of herbarium specimens. Twenty‐seven species in six genera were recorded, 17 endemic to Brazil and two endemic to the state. The species were found mostly in High Altitude Grassland, and forest formations, mainly at altitudes above 1000 m asl. Some species were frequently found in anthropized areas, such as urban centers and roadsides. Only three species are currently listed as endangered, but more species may be threatened due to their restricted distribution and current loss of habitat. Some species are represented only by very old records. Due to the low floristic similarity and significant ecosystem diversity represented by the Conservation Units, each one is relevant and irreplaceable for Campanulaceae conservation in Rio de Janeiro state.
Aberrant tryptophan metabolism leads to unfavorable outcomes in lenalidomide‐treated myeloma patients
Authors: Asano Arisa , Ri Masaki , Masaki Ayako , Maeda Yasuhiro , Tachita Takuto , Hirade Kentaro , Marumo Yoshiaki , Nakashima Takahiro , Hagiwara Shinya , Kinoshita Shiori , Suzuki Tomotaka , Narita Tomoko , Kusumoto Shigeru , Komatsu Hirokazu , Inagaki Hiroshi , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO), an enzyme that metabolizes tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), is an important microenvironmental factor suppressing antitumor immunity. Here, we investigated the clinical impact of aberrant Trp metabolism in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with lenalidomide (Len) and evaluated its effects on T cell immunity ex vivo. Kyn and Trp concentrations were quantified in sera from 72 patients with relapsed or refractory MM prior to the initiation of therapy with Len plus dexamethasone (Ld). Associations of the Kyn/Trp ratio with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The expressions of IDO in tumor and stromal cells were evaluated during co‐culture, and the effects of culture medium containing low Trp and high Kyn concentrations on T cells in the presence of Len were investigated. Patients with high serum Kyn/Trp ratios (≥46.0, n = 22) had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those with low ratios (4.9 vs. 12.6 months, and 15.5 vs. 45.7 months, respectively). MM cells promoted IDO expression in stromal cells during co‐culture in both a direct contact and an indirect manner. Incubation in medium with a high Kyn/Trp ratio significantly inhibited T cell cytokine production and upregulated the expression of inhibitory immune receptors. These effects were sustained even in the presence of Len. In conclusion, a high serum Kyn/Trp ratio is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MM. We propose that aberrant Trp metabolism reduces anti‐tumor immunity and the efficacy of Len therapy.
Technological transformation and human resource development of early career talent: Insights from accounting, banking, and finance
Authors: Donald William E. , Baruch Yehuda , Ashleigh Melanie J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper provides insights into the opportunities and risks that the technological transformation of Human Resource Development (HRD) presents in the context of early career talent in the accounting, banking, and finance sector. Three research questions are explored. (1) What opportunities exist for organizations investing in technology as a talent management strategy for recruiting early career talent? (2) What are the risks or threats to organizations from investing in technology as a strategy for recruiting early career talent? (3) What role do meso‐level actors play in recruiting early career talent? More specifically, to what extent do the views of graduate recruiters and career advisors as agents of organizations and higher education institutions align or diverge? Thirty‐six semi‐structured interviews were conducted with graduate recruiters and career advisors. Thematic analysis was subsequently applied, identifying three themes (i) employer branding, (ii) virtual recruitment, and (iii) diversity and social inclusion agendas, each presented opportunities and risks. The theoretical contribution comes from advancing career ecosystems and the new psychological contract as a theoretical framework by focusing on technological transformation and capturing the dyadic relationship between the meso‐level actors. Our paper integrates three topic clusters of HRD interventions and outcomes, national HRD, and career development, while manifesting the role and importance of under‐represented career actors. Practical implications aim to help shape talent management strategies for recruiting early career talent. Capturing the views of career advisors in this study can help organizations identify blind spots and inform policy.
Differential isoform expression of Allergin‐1 during acute and chronic inflammation
Authors: Geerdink Ruben J. , Pascoal Ramos Maria Inês , van den Hoogen Luuk L. , Radstake Timothy R. D. J. , Shibayama Shiro , Shibuya Akira , Bont Louis , Meyaard Linde 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionNeutrophils are crucial to antimicrobial defense, but excessive neutrophilic inflammation elicits immune pathology. Currently, no effective treatment exists to curb neutrophil activation. However, neutrophils express a variety of inhibitory receptors which may represent potential therapeutic targets to limit neutrophilic inflammation. Indeed, we previously showed that the inhibitory collagen receptor leukocyte‐associated immunoglobulin‐like receptor 1 (LAIR‐1) regulates neutrophilic airway inflammation and inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The inhibitory receptor Allergin‐1 is expressed by myeloid cells and B cells. Allergin‐1 suppresses mast cell and basophil activation, but a potential regulatory role on neutrophils remains unexplored. We aimed to demonstrate the regulation of neutrophils by Allergin‐1.MethodsWe examine Allergin‐1 isoform expression on human neutrophils during homeostatic (healthy donors) and chronic inflammatory (systemic lupus erythematosus patients) conditions in comparison to other circulating leukocytes by flow cytometry. To reveal a potential role for Allergin‐1 in regulating neutrophilic inflammation, we experimentally infect wild‐type (WT) and Allergin‐1‐deficient mice with a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and monitor disease severity and examine cellular airway infiltrate. Flow cytometry was used to confirm Allergin‐1 expression by airway‐infiltrated neutrophils in RSV infection‐induced bronchiolitis patients.ResultsOnly the short 1 (S1) isoform, but not the long (L) or S2 isoform could be detected on blood leukocytes, with the exception of nonclassical monocytes, which exclusively express the S2 isoform. Allergin‐1 expression levels did not vary significantly between healthy individuals and patients with the systemic inflammatory disease on any interrogated cell type. Airway‐infiltrated neutrophils of pediatric RSV bronchiolitis patients were found to express Allergin‐1S1. However, Allergin‐1‐deficient mice experimentally infected with RSV did not show exacerbated disease or increased neutrophil airway infiltration compared to WT littermates.ConclusionAllergin‐1 isoform expression is unaffected by chronic inflammatory conditions. In stark contrast to fellow inhibitory receptor LAIR‐1, Allergin‐1 does not regulate neutrophilic inflammation in a mouse model of RSV bronchiolitis.
ALDH2 gene rs671 G > a polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Zhang Zhuoxin , Chen Yijin , Zhuo Qingqing , Deng Changqing , Yang Yang , Luo Wen , Lai Shixun , Rao Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe susceptibility to some cancers is linked to genetic factors, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphisms. The relationship between ALDH2 rs671 and colorectal cancer (CRC) is not clear in Hakka population.MethodsBetween October 2015 and December 2020, a total of 178 CRC patients and 261 controls were recruited. ALDH2 rs671 was genotyped in these subjects, medical records (smoking history, drinking history and blood cell parameters) were collected, and the relationship between these information and CRC was analyzed.ResultsThe proportion of the ALDH2 rs671 G/G, G/A, and A/A genotype was 48.3%, 44.4%, and 7.3% in patients; 62.1%, 34.1%, and 3.8% in controls, respectively. The difference of ALDH2 genotypes distribution between cases and controls was statistically significant (p = 0.011). The higher percentage of smokers and alcoholics, higher level of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lower level of lymphocyte count, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and mean hemoglobin concentration were observed in patients. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ALDH2 rs671 G/A genotype (G/A vs. G/G) (adjusted OR 1.801, 95% CI 1.160–2.794, p = 0.009) and A/A genotype (A/A vs. G/G) (adjusted OR 2.630, 95% CI 1.041–6.645, p = 0.041) in the co‐dominant model, while G/A + A/A genotypes (G/A + A/A vs. G/G) (adjusted OR 1.883, 95% CI 1.230–2.881, p = 0.004) in the dominant model were risk factors for CRC.ConclusionsIndividuals carrying ALDH2 rs671 A allele (G/A, A/A genotypes) may be at increased risk of colorectal cancer.