bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction with the Environmental Condition in the Italian Regions between 2004 and 2020
Authors: Laureti Lucio , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the following article, the “Satisfaction with the Environmental Condition” in the 20 Italian regions between 2004 and 2020 was estimated using ISTAT-BES data. The data were analyzed using the following econometric techniques, namely: Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Dynamic Panel, Pooled OLS, WLS. The results show that satisfaction with the environmental situation is positively associated with the following variables "People with at least high school diploma", "Satisfaction with leisure time", "Concern for the deterioration of the landscape" and negatively associated with "Gross disposable income per capita", "Dissatisfaction with the landscape of the place of life", "Perception of the risk of crime". A cluster analysis was then carried out using the unsupervised k-Means algorithm optimized through the Silhouette coefficient and 3 clusters were found. A comparative analysis was then carried out between eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the trend of satisfaction by environmental situation. The analysis showed that the Tree Ensemble Regression algorithm is the best predictor and estimates a reduction of the variable of 0.05%. Subsequently, using augmented data, a further prediction was made with an estimated result equal to -1.93%.
Phenotypic diversity within yam (Dioscorea spp.) germplasm collection in Uganda
Authors: Adjei Emmanuel Amponsah , Esuma Williams , Alicai Titus , Bhattacharjee Ranjana , Dramadri Isaac Ongiza , Agaba Rolland , Chamba Emmanuel Boache , Odong Thomas Lapaka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A deeper understanding of the morphology of available germplasm is an indispensable initial step for yam genetic improvement and enhanced production in Uganda. However, there is limited information in Uganda on the diversity of yam. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of yam cultivars farmers have utilized for decades in Uganda together with germplasm recently introduced from West Africa using phenotypic traits. A germplasm collection of 291 genotypes was characterized based on 28 phenotypic variables. The phenotypic traits data were subjected to multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Phenotypic traits assessed were informative and discriminating, with 62% of total variation explained among the first six principal components. Our results showed that the important phenotypic traits contributing to most of the variability among the genotypes were leaf characteristics, flowering characteristics, and tuber traits. In general, most genotypes collected within Uganda were identified with amorphous tuber shapes compared to material sourced from West Africa. Dendrogram generated using “ward” hierarchical clustering revealed two major clusters with few of the genotypes sharing similarities. The study has shown that there is ample phenotypic variability within the major yam genotypes in Uganda yam germplasm that can be used for genetic improvement. The results are also useful with regard to the identification and conservation of elite genotypes for future genetic improvement of yam in Uganda. More in-depth molecular and biochemical studies to further understand the diversity are recommended.
Nitrapyrin mitigates nitrous oxide emissions, and improves maize yield and nitrogen efficiency under waterlogged field
Authors: Ren Baizhao , Ma Zhentao , Liu Peng , Zhao Bin , Zhang Jiwang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aims In order to explore the effects of nitrapyrin (N-Serve) application on greenhouse gas emission, and nitrogen leaching of waterlogged maize (Zea mays L.) field, we investigated the effects of applying nitrapyrin on soil ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) content, nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and warming potential (GWPN2O) in a waterlogged maize field. Methods The design included three treatments: waterlogging treatment with only urea application (V-3WL), waterlogging treatment with urea and nitrapyrin application (V-3WL+N), no waterlogging treatment applied only urea (CK). Results Our results revealed that waterlogging lead to the increase of nitrogen leaching, resulting in the decrease of nitrogen use efficiency. The accumulated N2O emissions increased significantly in waterlogged plots compared to control plots, and maximum N2O emission fluxes occurred during the process of soil drying after waterlogging, resulting in the increase of GWPN2O and N2O greenhouse gas intensity (GHGIN2O) by 299% and 504%, respectively, compared to those of CK. However, nitrapyrin application was able to reduce N2O emissions. Nitrapyrin application was also good for decreasing GWPN2O and GHGIN2O by 34% and 50%, respectively, compared to V-3WL. In addition, nitrapyrin application was conducive to reduce N leaching and improve N use efficiency, resulting in a yield increase by 34%, compared to that of V-3WL.Conclusions The application of nitrapyrin helped to mitigate agriculture-source greenhouse effects and N leaching induced by waterlogging, and was an eco-friendly, high N-efficient fertilizer method for waterlogged field.
Chemical named entity recognition in the texts of scientific publications using the naïve Bayes classifier approach
Authors: Tarasova Olga , Biziukova Nadezhda , Filimonov Dmitry , Poroikov Vladimir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Motivation: Application of chemical named entity recognition (CNER) algorithms allows retrieval of information from texts about chemical compound identifiers and creates associations with physical-chemical properties and biological activities. Scientific texts represent low-formalized sources of information. Most methods aimed at CNER are based on machine learning approaches, including conditional random fields and deep neural networks. In general, most machine learning approaches require either vector or sparse word representation of texts, which is produced using a fixed-size vocabulary from a corpus of texts. Chemical named entities (CNEs) constitute only a small fraction of the whole text, and the datasets used for training are highly imbalanced. Methods and results: We propose a new method for extracting CNEs from texts based on the naïve Bayes classifier. In contrast to the earlier developed CNER methods, our approach uses the representation of the data as a set of fragments of text (FoTs) with the subsequent preparation of a set of multi-n-grams (sequences from one to n symbols) for each FoT. Therefore, it does not require the usage of a predefined vocabulary. As a result, our approach may provide the recognition of novel CNEs. The average values of invariant accuracy (IA) range from 0.95 to 0.99 depending on the context window and the size values of n of the multi-n-grams. We applied the developed algorithm to the extracted CNEs of potential Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) inhibitors. A set of CNEs corresponding to the chemical substances evaluated in the biochemical assays used for the discovery of Mpro inhibitors was retrieved. Manual analysis of the appropriate texts showed that CNEs of potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors were successfully identified by our method. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the proposed method can be used for filtering out words that are not related to CNEs; therefore, it can be successfully applied to the extraction of CNEs for the purposes of cheminformatics and medicinal chemistry.
Unfolding the mitochondrial genome structure of green semilooper (Chrysodeixis acuta Walker): An emerging pest of onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: P.S. Soumia , Shirsat Dhananjay V. , Krishna Ram , G Guru Pirasanna Pandi , Choudhary Jaipal S. , Naaz Naiyar , V Karuppaiah , Gedam Pranjali A. , S. Anandhan , Singh Major 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Onion is the most important crop challenged by a diverse group of insect pests in the agricultural ecosystem. The green semilooper (Chrysodeixis acuta Walker), a widespread tomato and soybean pest, has lately been described as an emergent onion crop pest in India. C. acuta whole mitochondrial genome was sequenced in this work. The circular genome of C. acuta measured 15,743 base pairs (bp) in length. Thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region were found in the 37 sequence elements. With an average 395 bp gene length, the maximum and minimum gene length observed was 1749 bp and 63 bp of nad5 and trnR, respectively. Nine of the thirteen PCGs have (ATN) as a stop codon, while the other four have a single (T) as a stop codon. Except for trnS1, all of the tRNAs were capable of producing a conventional clover leaf structure. Conserved ATAGA motif sequences and poly-T stretch were identified at the start of the control region. Six overlapping areas and 18 intergenic spacer regions were found, with sizes ranged 1 to 20 bp and 1 to 111 bp, correspondingly. According to a phylogenetic study, C. acuta belongs to the Plusiinae subfamily of the Noctuidae superfamily, and is closely linked to Trichoplusia ni species from the same subfamily. The current study is the first whole mitochondrial genome sequencing of C. acuta, an emerging onion pest.
Detecting Disabilities in Everyday Life: Evidence from a Geriatric Assessment
Authors: Unterberger Petra , Dzien Cornelius , Hofmarcher Paul , Winner Hannes , Lechleitner Monika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The Activities of Daily Living score (ADL) is a widely used index to establish the degree of independence from any help in everyday life situations. Measuring the ADL accurately is time-consuming and costly. This paper presents a framework to approximate the ADL via variables usually collected in standard geriatric assessments. We showed that the selected variables serve as good indicators in explaining the physical disabilities of older and frail patients. Methods: Our sample included information from a geriatric assessment of 326 patients aged between 64 and 99 years in a hospital in Tyrol, Austria. In addition to the ADL, 23 variables reflecting the physical and mental status of these patients were recorded during the assessment. We performed LASSO to determine which of these variables had the highest impact on explaining the ADL. Then, we used ROC analysis and logistic regression techniques to validate our model performance. Finally, we calculated cutoff-points for each of the selected variables, showing at which values the ADL falls below a certain threshold. Results: Mobility, urinary incontinence, nutritional status and cognitive function were closest related to the ADL and, therefore, to a geriatric patient’s functional limitations. Jointly, the selected variables were able to predict neediness with high accuracy (AUC = 0.89 and 0.91, respectively). If a patient had a limitation in one of these variables, the probability of everyday life disability increased with a statistically significant factor between 2.4 (nutritional status, 95%-CI 1.5 – 3.9) and 15.1 (urinary incontinence, 95%-CI 3.6 – 63.4). Conclusions: Our study highlighted the most important impairments of everyday live, facilitating a more efficient use of clinical resources which, in turn, allows for a more targeted treatment of geriatric patients. At the patient level, our approach enables early detection of functional limitations and timely indications of a possible need for assistance in everyday life.
Mildly Stimulated Cycle with Letrozole Compared with Natural Cycle and HRT Cycle in Patients undergoing FET with Normal Ovulation
Authors: lou liqun , Xu Yisong , Lv Mu , Yu Juanjuan , Xiao Qimeng , Chen Peiqin , Bai Mingzhu , zhang zhenbo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The number of frozen embryo transfer (FET) is increasing, however, an optimal protocol for FET is undetermined. Our study was to evaluate the letrozole use on the patients with normal menstrual cycles (MC) compared with HRT cycle and natural cycle. Methods: It is a large retrospective study involved 2932 patients. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach aimed to equate each group with respect to measured baseline covariates to achieve a comparison with reduced selection bias. Patients matched by algorithm were divided into 3 groups: hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycle (n=2877), letrozole cycle (n=2637) and natural cycle (NC) (n=2475). The primary outcome measure was live birth rate, the secondary outcome measures were positive hCG rate, biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, late miscarriage rate, preterm delivery rate and full-term pregnancy rate.Results: In our crude analysis, letrozole group had a higher live birth rate compared with HRT cycle (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.07–1.35) and natural cycle (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.47) and after adjusting for confounding factors, live birth rate was consistently higher in letrozole group. Moreover, the biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and full-term delivery rate were higher in letrozole group.Conclusion: For infertile women with normal menstrual cycle undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfers, mildly stimulated cycle with letrozole present relatively large advantage compared with HRT cycle and natural cycle with higher live birth pregnancy indicating that letrozole use could improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with normal ovulation during FET. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
The Influence of Early Adoption of Non-enhanced Computed Tomography on Management of Patients with Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Authors: Huang Yung-Ning , Chiang Tung-Ying , Weng Yu-Chieh , Liu Xiang-Bo , Zeng Chun-Guang , Yang Guang-Ming , Lee Jung-Chieh , Liu Peng-Xiang , Yang Chih-Kai , Cheng Pei-Ting , Hsieh Hui-Shan , Chen Wei Ting , Lu Yang-Bor 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is an infectious disease and causes high in-hospital mortality. It has no specific symptoms and is difficult to be diagnosed early in the emergency department. Therefore, early diagnosis is an urgent need for clinicians. Ultrasound has been widely used to detect lesions of PLA. However, the sensitivity of ultrasound is affected by the size and location of lesions and clinician’s experience. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the effects of early adoption of non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning (i.e., receiving CT scanning within 48 hours after admission) on treatment and disease status of patients with PLA. This study enrolled 76 hospitalized patients with PLA in department of digestive disease, who received CT examination during 2014 to 2021. Of the enrolled patients, 56 received an early CT scan and 20 received a late CT scan. Results showed that the length of hospitalization in the early CT group was significantly shorter than the late CT group (15.0 days vs. 20.5 days; p = 0.035). Besides, the median time to initiating drainage after admission was also significantly shorter in the early CT group than the late CT group (1.0 days vs. 4.5 days; p < 0.001). The early CT group was also associated with significantly lower prescription rates of antibiotics. Our findings revealed that to conduct early CT scanning within 48 hours of admission may assist in early diagnosis of PLA and be beneficial to disease recovery.
The influence of the structure (surface roughness, pore size, and porosity) of 3D printed silk-fibroin-based scaffolds on the growth of the bronchial epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Zhong Nongping , Chen Zhongchun , Dong Tao , Shao Zhengzhong , Zhao Xia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The structure (surface topography, pore size, and porosity) of 3D scaffolds plays an important role in tissue regeneration. Although surface topography, the porosity and pore size of 3D porous scaffolds have been frequently studied, these parameters of 3D printed SF-based scaffolds for tracheal epithelium growth have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of the structure properties of 3D printed silk fibroin/Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(SF/HPMC) scaffolds on the adhesive and proliferative behaviors of tracheal epithelium in vitro. This work fabricated six types of 3D printed SF/HPMC scaffolds with different surface properties, pore size and porosity. The surface topography, pore size, and porosity of the different scaffolds were examined. Normal human bronchial epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B cells) were cultured on the different scaffolds for 7 days. The proliferation of cells on the different scaffolds was tested by CCK-8 assay. The morphology of BEAS-2B cells on different scaffolds was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The porosity of 20 wt% SF/HPMC scaffolds with rough surface and smooth surface, and 30 wt% SF/HPMC scaffolds with rough surface and smooth surface were 70.5 ±2.0%、65.5 ±6.1%、63.9 ±2.1%、59.6 ±2.1%, respectively; The pore size of 20 wt% SF/HPMC scaffolds was 443.9±104.1μm and 681.1±115.1μm, respectively. Results showed that BEAS-2B cells proliferated better on the rough surface than that on the smooth surface; BEAS-2B cells proliferated better on the scaffold with higher porosity (65.5 ±6.1%) than that with lower porosity (59.6 ±2.1%); In addition, the cells proliferated well on the SF/HPMC scaffold with small pore size (443.9±104.1μm). SEM showed that cells grew in a sheet on the rough surface and tended to grow in clusters on the smooth surface; BEAS-2B cells tended to grow in clusters on the scaffold with large pore size, while cells could spread into a sheet and form connections between pores on the scaffold with small pore size. In summary, SF/HPMC scaffolds with rough surface, high porosity, and small pore size facilitated cell growth. This provides a preliminary experimental basis for selecting the suitable structure of 3D printed SF/HPMC scaffolds for repairing tracheal defects.
Complete Response for Adding Pyrotinib to Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib for HER2 Positive Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jun-Wei , Yang Xiaobo , Yang Xu , Lu Xin , Zhao Hai-Tao , Xu Yiyao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly lethal hepatobiliary cancer. Only very few patients could undergo surgery. The prognosis of advanced ICC is poor, especially for patients who progressed after first-line chemotherapy, leaving median overall survival less than 10 months. To date, no case has been reported to achieve complete response by targeted therapy and immunotherapy for advanced ICC.Case presentation: In this study, a 64-year-old male was diagnosed with advanced ICC with HER2（3+）amplification determined by tissue-based testing, and was confirmed by the next-generation sequence. He was treated with adding pyrotinib to pembrolizumab and lenvatinib after progressed with pyrotinib and tegafur and responded very well to regression of tumor on imaging as well as normalization of tumor marker levels without serious adverse events. The recent PET-CT showed a complete response. Up to now, the disease is stable, and the progress free time of 2nd line treatment has reached 26 months. Conclusion: Adding pyrotinib to pembrolizumab and lenvatinib offered a chemotherapy-free option and could achieve complete tumor suppression with no serious AEs for this BTC patient with HER2 amplification.
Early-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Series
Authors: Zhao Wenjia , Tan Xiaohua , Li Caifeng , Deng Jianghong , Kuang Weiying , Zhang Junmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Early-onset Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease with more variable symptoms than other types of SLE. It can begin as early as 12 months after birth, and the clinical process appears to be more severe. The common clinical manifestations of early-onset SLE are skin and mucosal lesions, renal involvement, central nervous system diseases and hematological system abnormalities. Although the disease is well described in the literature, diagnosis is often difficult due to its insidious onset, early onset, and atypical symptoms. Here, we present four cases of early-onset SLE. Next-generation sequencing were performed and detected mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in all four cases. In addition, glucocorticoid, propyl, cyclophosphamide, and other drugs were significantly improved after treatment. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case study in China describing early-onset SLE. With the research progress and knowledge integration of basic disciplines such as genomics, epigenetics and immunology, the pathogenesis of early-onset SLE and other rheumatoid immune diseases will be revealed, which will bring more hope for the diagnosis and treatment of early-onset SLE.
Psychometric properties of 12-item WHODAS applied through phone survey: An experience in post-crash cohort study
Authors: Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoun , Shahedifar Nasrin , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Farahbakhsh Mostafa , Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Due to more limited capability to function in daily life post injury, survivors need to be reliably assessed without extra commute. The key action is to determine the level of functioning difficulties. Having the opportunity of conducting a national post-crash traffic safety and health cohort study, we aimed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) through phone surveys six month post injury. Methods: First, having World Health Organization permission, we tested the translation validity by forward translation, expert panel, back-translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing, and finalizing the Persian WHODAS. Then, the psychometric study on a national cohort platform assessed the validity, reliability and applicability of 12-item WHODAS through phone surveys. We included data of 255 road traffic injury patients enrolled from the cohort study at six-month follow-up. The psychometric assessment (internal consistency reliability and stability reliability) was conducted on test-retest data of 50 patients with a 7-day time span averagely. An exploratory factor analysis tested the construct validity using extraction method of principal component factor and oblique rotation on 255 patients’ data. Regarding the multiple criteria, scree test, and factors with eigenvalues greater than 0.9 determined the number of factors retained. Data were analyzed using software STATA statistical package. Results: The respondents were mostly male (81%) with mean age (SD) of 37.7(14.9), employed (71%) and educated (87%). The Persian version had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α=0.93) and excellent stability reliability (ICC=0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98). An exploratory factor analysis retained four factors defining 86% of all variance. Factors of Self-care, Mobility, and Cognition were completely retained.Conclusions: The translated brief WHODAS 2.0 was highly reliable, valid and responsive to be applied through phone interviews post injury.