bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Peraturan dan Prosedur terhadap Pembentukan Kedisiplinan Siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak dalam Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Naibaho Cicilya Margareta , Cendana Wiputra , Araini Tia Kartika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Forming the discipline of kindergarten children is essential based on their development. They have not been able to think about the consequences of what they do. At this stage of development, students need educators with integrity to facilitate students in forming their discipline character. The fact of the problem was found by students’ behavior which less discipline by not obeying rules and procedures in the classroom. The purpose of writing is to determine the impact by rules and procedures that are applied consistently in forming kindergarten discipline during online learning through the qualitative descriptive method on practicum results and other relevant journals. Rules and procedures that are applied consistently in the classroom aim to familiarize students so that they can build their discipline. As a result, rules, and procedures that are applied consistently have a positive impact on changing the students’ behavior. The advice that the author gives to the kindergarten teacher in building students discipline is to be able to find other disciplinary methods.

Abstrak
Pembentukan kedisiplinan siswa TK merupakan hal penting, di mana berdasarkan perkembangannya, mereka belum dapat memikirkan konsekuensi atas tindakan yang dilakukannya. Pada tahap perkembangan tersebut, siswa TK membutuhkan seorang pendidik dengan integritas yang benar untuk dapat memfasilitasi pembentukan karakter kedisiplinan mereka. Fakta permasalahan yang didapati, adanya perilaku siswa yang kurang disiplin selama pembelajaran dengan tidak menaati peraturan dan prosedur yang berlaku. Tujuan penelitian penulisan paper ini ialah mengetahui pengaruh penerapan peraturan dan prosedur terhadap pembentukan kedisiplinan siswa Taman Kanak-Kanak pada pembelajaran daring, melalui metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif terhadap hasil praktikum, dan jurnal-jurnal yang relevan. Peraturan dan prosedur yang diterapkan secara konsisten dalam kelas bertujuan untuk membiasakan siswa akan keteraturan sehingga hal tersebut dapat membentuk kedisiplinan siswa. Sesuai dengan hasil penelitian yang penulis lakukan pada salah satu kelas di sebuah Taman Kanak-Kanak, penulis mendapati bahwa penerapan peraturan dan prosedur secara konsisten, memberikan pengaruh terhadap perubahan perilaku kurang disiplin ke arah yang positif. Saran diberikan dalam membentuk kedisiplinan siswa untuk menggunakan metode pendisiplinan lain yang sesuai dengan karakter siswa TamanKanak-Kanak.
Efektivitas Kegiatan Kolase dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Mardini Lina , Aulia Prima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of problems in early children development is that some children still have stiffness when using their fingers. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of eggshell collage in improving the fine motor skills of children in Harapan Ibu Kindergarten. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of Quasy Experiment research. The sample of this study includes two classes, the experimental class and the control class, with 15 children. Data collection techniques in the form of tests, observations, and documentation. Based on the results of the post-test scores of the experimental class, there was an increase in the average score of children's abilities from 22.3 to 31.2. Furthermore, the calculation results of the Man-Whitney test show the Asymp value. Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 which is less than 0.05. from these results, it can be concluded that eggshell collage is effectively used to improve children's fine motor skills. Then from the calculation of the effect size test, the result is 1.696 (d > 0.8), then the effect is classified as a high effect.

Abstrak
Permasalahan pada penelitian ini terdapat beberapa anak yang masih kaku saat menggunakan jari-jemarinya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan kolase kulit telur dalam meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak di Taman Kanak-kanak Harapan Ibu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian Quasy Experiment. Sampel penelitian ini meliputi dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yang masing-masing kelas berjumlah 15 anak. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, dokumentasi, dan tes. Berdasarkan hasil nilai post-test kelas eksperimen terjadi kenaikan terhadap jumlah skor rata-rata kemampuan anak dari 22,3 menjadi 31,2. Selanjutnya dari hasil perhitungan uji Man-Whitney, diketahui bahwa nilai Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) 0.000, yaitu lebih kecil dari 0,05. Berdasarkan pada hasil tersebut, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwasanya kolase kulit telur efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus anak. Kemudian dari hasil perhitungan uji effect size menunjukkan hasil 1,696 (d > 0,8), maka efeknya tergolong efek tinggi.
Sensitive phonon detection using a single Cooper-pair transistor
Authors: Tanarom Jutarat , Watanabe Takuma , Mizugaki Yoshinao , Shimada Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate that the supercurrent branch of a single Cooper-pair transistor (SCPT) can be used for sensitive phonon detection. We built a theoretical model of phonon detection based on quasiparticle poisoning and demonstrated its operation with an SCPT and a superconducting quantum interference device as a phonon source both composed of mesoscopic Al/AlO
x
/Al junctions. The sensitivity of the SCPT detector turned out to be approximately 103 times as high as that of the traditional superconducting-tunnel-junction detector.
Simultaneous learning of directional and non-directional stimulus relations in baboons (Papio papio)
Authors: Chartier Thomas F. , Fagot Joël 
Published: April 2022

SummaryWhile humans exposed to a sequential stimulus pairing A-B are commonly assumed to form a bidirectional mental relation between A and B, evidence that non-human animals can do so is limited. Careful examination of the animal literature suggests possible improvements in the test procedures used to probe such effects, notably measuring transfer effects on the learning of B-A pairings, rather than direct recall of A upon cuing with B. We developed such an experimental design and tested 20 Guinea baboons (Papio papio). Two pairings of visual shapes were trained (A1-B1, A2-B2) and testing was conducted in a reversed order, either with conserved pairings (B1-A1, B2-A2) or broken ones (B1-A2, B2-A1). We found baboons’ immediate test performance to be above chance level for conserved pairings and below chance level for broken ones. Moreover, baboons needed less trials to learn conserved pairings compared to broken ones. These effects were apparent for both pairings on average, and separately for the best learned pairing. Baboons’ responding on B-A trials was thus influenced by their previous A-B training. Performance level at the onset of testing, however, suggests that baboons did not respond in full accordance with the hypothesis of bidirectionality. To account for these data, we suggest that two competing types of relations were concomitantly encoded: a directional relation between A and B, which retains the sequential order experienced, and a non-directional relation, which retains only the co-occurrence of events, not their temporal order.
More than random responding: Empirical evidence for the validity of the (Extended) Crosswise Model
Authors: Meisters Julia , Hoffmann Adrian , Musch Jochen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Randomized Response Technique (Warner, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 60, 63-69, 1965) has been developed to control for socially desirable responses in surveys on sensitive attributes. The Crosswise Model (CWM; Yu et al., Metrika, 67, 251-263, 2008) and its extension, the Extended Crosswise Model (ECWM; Heck et al., Behavior Research Methods, 50, 1895-1905, 2018), are advancements of the Randomized Response Technique that have provided promising results in terms of improved validity of the obtained prevalence estimates compared to estimates based on conventional direct questions. However, recent studies have raised the question as to whether these promising results might have been primarily driven by a methodological artifact in terms of random responses rather than a successful control of socially desirable responding. The current study was designed to disentangle the influence of successful control of socially desirable responding and random answer behavior on the validity of (E)CWM estimates. To this end, we orthogonally manipulated the direction of social desirability (undesirable vs. desirable) and the prevalence (high vs. low) of sensitive attributes. Our results generally support the notion that the ECWM successfully controls social desirability bias and is inconsistent with the alternative account that ECWM estimates are distorted by a substantial influence of random responding. The results do not rule out a small proportion of random answers, especially when socially undesirable attributes with high prevalence are studied, or when high randomization probabilities are applied. Our results however do rule out that random responding is a major factor that can account for the findings attesting to the improved validity of (E)CWM as compared with DQ estimates.
From eye movements to scanpath networks: A method for studying individual differences in expository text reading
Authors: Ma Xiaochuan , Liu Yikang , Clariana Roy , Gu Chanyuan , Li Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEye movements have been examined as an index of attention and comprehension during reading in the literature for over 30 years. Although eye-movement measurements are acknowledged as reliable indicators of readers’ comprehension skill, few studies have analyzed eye-movement patterns using network science. In this study, we offer a new approach to analyze eye-movement data. Specifically, we recorded visual scanpaths when participants were reading expository science text, and used these to construct scanpath networks that reflect readers’ processing of the text. Results showed that low ability and high ability readers’ scanpath networks exhibited distinctive properties, which are reflected in different network metrics including density, centrality, small-worldness, transitivity, and global efficiency. Such patterns provide a new way to show how skilled readers, as compared with less skilled readers, process information more efficiently. Implications of our analyses are discussed in light of current theories of reading comprehension.
Pelatihan Implementasi Aplikasi Penjualan Berbasis Website Pada UMKM Toko Harova
Authors: Effendi Pradita Maulidya , Wade Daniel Sathya Jyoti , Muwachid Ivan Priya , Pradana Gilang Aji , Aminulloh Achmad Fanani 
Published: April 2022

Toko Harova adalah salah satu Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Surabaya yang saat ini membutuhkan dukungan teknologi informasi dalam bidang usahanya. Tidak adanya catatan yang terekam dengan baik, pemilik sering mengalami out of stock pada barang dagangannya, serta kesulitan memantau pengeluaran dan pendapatan usahanya secara berkala. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan kepada pemilik terkait implementasi aplikasi penjualan berbasis website yang telah dibuat pada Toko Harova. Dalam aplikasi ini terdapat enam menu yang dapat diakses bebas oleh pemilik toko, diantaranya menu barang, kategori barang, pembelian ke pemasok, transaksi penjualan, laporan pengeluaran, dan laporan transaksi. Dari hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan, peningkatan pemahaman pemilik toko terhadap aplikasi meningkat 40% dari 35%, dan keterampilan pemilik menggunakan aplikasi juga meningkat 40% dari 25%.
Additional records of marine bivalves from Iraq, with a provisional checklist for the marine bivalves of Iraq
Authors: Yasser Amaal Gh. , Naser Murtada D. , Oliver P. Graham , Darweesh Haider , Al-Khafaji Khaled 
Published: April 2022

Specimens of four species of Bivalvia not previously recorded from Iraq were discovered. These are Didimacar tenebrica, Aspidopholas obtecta, Neotrapezium sublaevigatum, and Barbatia trapezina which belong to the Noetiidae, Pholadidae, Trapezidae and Arcidae families, respectively. All specimens were collected alive from the intertidal zone of the northwest Persian-Arabian Gulf, Iraq, in the Fao region. Although these species are widespread in the Persian-Arabian Gulf, our study is the first to report them along the Iraqi coast. A provisional checklist of marine bivalves of Iraq is presented listing 32 species of which 21 have been verified from specimens or photographs. This list is compared with data from adjacent coasts of Kuwait and Iran.
Classifying Be Star Variability With TESS. I. The Southern Ecliptic
Authors: Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Carciofi Alex C. , Henrique de Amorim Tajan , Rubio Amanda , Luiz Figueiredo André , Ticiani dos Santos Pedro , Thomson-Paressant Keegan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
TESS photometry is analyzed for 430 classical Be stars observed in the first year of the mission. The often complex and diverse variability of each object in this sample is classified to obtain an understanding of the behavior of this class as a population. Ninety-seven percent of the systems are variable above the noise level, with timescales spanning nearly the entire range of what is accessible with TESS, from tens of minutes to tens of days. The variability seen with TESS is summarized as follows. Nearly every system contains multiple periodic signals in the frequency regime between about 0.5 and 4 day−1. One or more groups of closely spaced frequencies is the most common feature, present in 87% of the sample. Among the Be stars with brightening events that are characteristic of mass ejection episodes (18% of the full sample, or 31% of early-type stars), all have at least one frequency group, and the majority of these (83%) show a concurrent temporary amplitude enhancement in one or more frequency groups. About one-third (34%) of the sample is dominated by longer-term trends (timescales >2 day). Low-frequency stochastic signals are prominent in about 25% of the sample, with varying degrees of intensity. Higher-frequency signals (6 < f < 15 day−1) are sometimes seen (in 15% of the sample) and in most cases likely reflect p-mode pulsation. In rare cases (∼3%), even higher frequencies beyond the traditional p-mode regime (f > 15 day−1) are observed.
TOI-1670 b and c: An Inner Sub-Neptune with an Outer Warm Jupiter Unlikely to Have Originated from High-eccentricity Migration
Authors: Tran Quang H. , Bowler Brendan P. , Endl Michael , Cochran William D. , MacQueen Phillip J. , Gandolfi Davide , Persson Carina M. , Fridlund Malcolm , Palle Enric , Nowak Grzegorz , Deeg Hans J. , Luque Rafael , Livingston John H. , Kabáth Petr , Skarka Marek , Šubjak Ján , Howell Steve B. , Albrecht Simon H. , Collins Karen A. , Esposito Massimiliano , Van Eylen Vincent , Grziwa Sascha , Goffo Elisa , Huang Chelsea X. , Jenkins Jon M. , Karjalainen Marie , Karjalainen Raine , Knudstrup Emil , Korth Judith , Lam Kristine W. F. , Latham David W. , Levine Alan M. , Osborne H. L. M. , Quinn Samuel N. , Redfield Seth , Ricker George R. , Seager S. , Serrano Luisa Maria , Smith Alexis M. S. , Twicken Joseph D. , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report the discovery of two transiting planets around the bright (V = 9.9 mag) main-sequence F7 star TOI-1670 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. TOI-1670 b is a sub-Neptune (

R

b

=

2.06

−
0.15

+
0.19

R
⊕) on a 10.9 day orbit, and TOI-1670 c is a warm Jupiter (

R

c

=

0.987

−
0.025

+
0.025

R
Jup) on a 40.7 day orbit. Using radial velocity observations gathered with the Tull Coudé Spectrograph on the Harlan J. Smith telescope and HARPS-N on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we find a planet mass of

M

c

=

0.63

−
0.08

+
0.09

M
Jup for the outer warm Jupiter, implying a mean density of

ρ

c

=

0.81

−
0.11

+
0.13

g cm−3. The inner sub-Neptune is undetected in our radial velocity data (M
b < 0.13 M
Jup at the 99% confidence level). Multiplanet systems like TOI-1670 hosting an outer warm Jupiter on a nearly circular orbit (

e

c

=

0.09

−
0.04

+
0.05

) and one or more inner coplanar planets are more consistent with “gentle” formation mechanisms such as disk migration or in situ formation rather than high-eccentricity migration. Of the 11 known systems with a warm Jupiter and a smaller inner companion, eight (73%) are near a low-order mean-motion resonance, which can be a signature of migration. TOI-1670 joins two other systems (27% of this subsample) with period commensurabilities greater than 3, a common feature of in situ formation or halted inward migration. TOI-1670 and the handful of similar systems support a diversity of formation pathways for warm Jupiters.
Ages of Main-sequence Turnoff Stars from the GALAH Survey
Authors: Chen Xunzhou , Ge Zhishuai , Chen Yuqin , Bi Shaolan , Yu Jie , Yang Wuming , Ferguson Jason W. , Wu Yaqian , Li Yaguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) stars are good tracers of Galactic populations since their ages can be reliably estimated from atmospheric parameters. Based on the GALAH survey, we use the Yale rotation evolution code to determine the ages of 2926 MSTO stars with a mean age uncertainty of ∼10% considering the variation of C and O abundances. The ages of CO-poor stars are systematically affected by ∼10% due to the C and O abundances, globally shifting to ∼0.5 Gyr older compared to the results using solar metal mixture. Of the stars with [Fe/H] ∼ 0.3–0.5 or [O/Fe] ≤ −0.25, many have fractional age differences of ≥20%, and even reach up to 36%. The age–metallicity relation appears to possibly indicate the existence of two distinct sequences: a young sequence of stars with ages mostly <7 Gyr, and a relatively older sequence of stars with ages mostly >7 Gyr, overlapping at 5 Gyr ≤ age ≤ 7 Gyr. Moreover, the trends of abundances-to-age ratios show two corresponding sequences, especially in the [O/Fe]–age plane. We also find that [Y/Mg] is a good chemical clock in disk populations. The young sequence and the old sequence cannot be separated based on chemistry or kinematics; therefore, stellar age is an important parameter to distinguish these two sequences in our sample.
Long-term Spectra of the Blazars Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 at TeV Energies Seen by HAWC
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Camacho J. R. Angeles , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Baghmanyan V. , Belmont-Moreno E. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , de León S. Coutiño , De la Fuente E. , Hernandez R. Diaz , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Alonso M. Fernández , Fraija N. , Garcia D. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hona B. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Joshi V. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Lee J. , Vargas H. León , Linneman J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Malone K. , Martinez O. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Peisker A. , Araujo Y. Pérez , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Serna-Franco J. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Ureña-Mena F. , Villaseñor L. , Wang X. , Weisgarber T. , Willox E. , Zhou H. , de León C. ,   THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory surveys the very high-energy sky in the 300 GeV to >100 TeV energy range. HAWC has detected two blazars above 11σ, Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) and Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). The observations are comprised of data taken in the period between 2015 June and 2018 July, resulting in ∼1038 days of exposure. In this work, we report the time-averaged spectral analyses for both sources, above 0.5 TeV. Taking into account the flux attenuation due to the extragalactic background light, the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 421 is described by a power law with an exponential energy cutoff with index

α
=
2.26
±

0.12

stat

−
0.2

+
0.17

sys

and energy cutoff

E

c

=
5.1
±

1.6

stat

−
2.5

+
1.4

sys

TeV, while the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 501 is better described by a simple power law with index

α
=
2.61
±

0.11

stat

−
0.07

+
0.01

sys

. The maximum energies at which the Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 signals are detected are 9 and 12 TeV, respectively. This makes these some of the highest energy detections to date for spectra averaged over years-long timescales. Since the observation of gamma radiation from blazars provides information about the physical processes that take place in their relativistic jets, it is important to study the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects. For this purpose, contemporaneous data in the gamma-ray band to the X-ray range, and literature data in the radio to UV range, were used to build time-averaged SEDs that were modeled within a synchrotron-self Compton leptonic scenario.
Formation of Coronal Mass Ejection and Posteruption Flow of Solar Wind on 2010 August 18 Event
Authors: Slemzin Vladimir , Goryaev Farid , Rodkin Denis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The state of the space environment plays a significant role in the forecasting of geomagnetic storms produced by disturbances of the solar wind (SW). Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) passing through the heliosphere often have a prolonged (up to several days) trail with declining speed, which affects propagation of the subsequent SW streams. We studied the CME and posteruption plasma flows behind the CME rear in the event on 2010 August 18 that was observed in quadrature by several space-based instruments. Observations of the eruption in the corona with EUV telescopes and coronagraphs revealed several discrete outflows followed by a continuous structureless posteruption stream. The interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) associated with this CME was registered by the Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition instrument aboard the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory between August 20, 16:14 UT and August 21, 13:14 UT, after which the SW disturbance was present over 3 days. Kinematic consideration with the use of the gravitational and drag-based models has shown that the discrete plasma flows can be associated with the ICME, whereas the posteruption outflow arrived in the declining part of the SW transient. We simulated the Fe ion charge distributions of the ICME and post-CME parts of the SW using the plasma temperature and density in the ejection region derived from the differential emission measure analysis. The results demonstrate that in the studied event, the post-ICME trailing region was associated with the posteruption flow from the corona rather than with the ambient SW entrained by the CME.
Variability of the Incompressible Energy Cascade Rate in Solar Wind Turbulence around Mars
Authors: Romanelli Norberto , Andrés Nahuel , DiBraccio Gina A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a statistical analysis on the variability of the incompressible energy cascade rate in the solar wind around Mars, making use of an exact relation for fully developed turbulence and more than five years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations. Using magnetic field and plasma data, we compute the energy cascade rate at the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) scales in the pristine solar wind. From our statistical results, we conclude that the incompressible energy cascade rate decreases as the Martian heliocentric distance increases, for each of the three explored Martian years. Moreover, we suggest that the presence of proton cyclotron waves, associated with the extended Martian hydrogen exosphere, do not have a significant effect on the nonlinear cascade of energy at the MHD scales.