bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of an active T-foil on motions and passenger comfort of a large high-speed wave-piercing catamaran based on sea trials
Authors: Lau Chun-Yu , Ali-Lavroff Jason , Holloway Damien S. , Shabani Babak , Mehr Javad A. , Thomas Giles 
Published: March 2022

AbstractT-foil and stern tabs were installed on a wave-piercing catamaran (Incat Tasmania Hull 061) to improve ship motions and passenger comfort. More than 40 total effective hours of sea trials were conducted by the US Navy in 2004, encountering sea states 4–5 in the Atlantic Ocean near the United Kingdom. In this paper the influence of a ride-control system (RCS) on the heave and pitch response amplitude operator (RAO) of the full-scale high-speed catamaran was investigated using the sea trial data. The reduction in motion sickness incidence (MSI) was estimated in order to examine the effectiveness of the RCS in improving passenger comfort. With the existing control algorithm, the vertical accelerations were found to be best controlled by the active T-foil working together with the active stern tabs, while the pitch RAO was mainly mitigated by deploying only the stern tabs. About a 23% reduction was observed in the peak heave RAO with deployment of an active T-foil. The MSI can be reduced by up to 23% with respect to the cases with stern tabs only, depending on the encountered wave conditions, based on ISO recommendation for MSI calculation of a 2-h seaway passage.
Solution speciation and human serum protein binding of indium(III) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline, deferiprone and maltol
Authors: Dömötör Orsolya , Keppler Bernhard K. , Enyedy Éva A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolution speciation and serum protein binding of selected In(III) complexes bearingO,OandO,Ndonor sets were studied to provide comparative data for In(III) and analogous Ga(III) complexes. Aqueous stability of the In(III) complexes of maltol, deferiprone, 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate (HQS) was characterized by a combined pH-potentiometric and UV–visible spectrophotometric approach. Formation ofmono,bisandtris-ligand complexes was observed. Thetris-ligand complexes of HQ (InQ3) and deferiprone (InD3) are present in solution inca. 90% at 10 µM concentration at pH = 7.4, while thetris-maltolato complex (InM3) displays insufficient stability under these conditions. Binding towards human serum albumin (HSA) and (apo)transferrin ((apo)Tf) of InQ3, InD3and InM3complexes and Ga(III) analogue of InQ3(GaQ3) together with InCl3was investigated by a panel of methods: steady-state and time-resolved spectrofluorometry, UV–visible spectrophotometry and membrane ultrafiltration. Moderate binding of InQ3to HSA was found (logK′ = 5.0–5.1). InD3binds to HSA to a much lower extent in comparison to InQ3. ApoTf is able to displace HQ, deferiprone and maltol effectively from their In(III) complexes. Protein binding of non-dissociated InQ3was also observed at high complex-to-apoTf ratios. Studies conducted with the InQ3/GaQ3– HSA – Tf ternary systems revealed the more pronounced Tf binding of In(III) via ligand release, while the original GaQ3scaffold is preferably retained upon protein interactions and significant albumin binding occurs. Significant dissociation of InQ3was detected in human blood serum as well.Graphical abstract
Evaluation of responses to tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) and selection of resistant lines in Solanum habrochaites and Solanum peruvianum germplasm
Authors: Jewehan Ahmad , Salem Nida , Tóth Zoltán , Salamon Pál , Szabó Zoltán 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReactions of plants in 173 wild tomato accessions belonging to Solanum habrochaites and S. peruvianum were studied by inoculation with a tobamovirus, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV). Around 10–50% of plants in nine accessions of S. habrochaites and one of S. peruvianum were demonstrated to be highly resistant. Resistant plants showed no symptoms at 22–24 °C, and no virus could be detected in their inoculated and newly developed leaves using bioassays and RT-qPCR. ToBRFV-resistant plants were also resistant to tobacco mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus. The susceptible wild tomatoes were infected systemically with ToBRFV showing different severity of symptoms. When resistant plants inoculated with ToBRFV were incubated in a plant growth chamber at a temperature of 33 °C, they expressed mosaic and deformation symptoms, indicating that the resistance was broken at elevated temperature. However, when these plants were transferred to the greenhouse at 24 °C, their newly emerged leaves showed no symptoms, and the virus could not be detected in the new leaves. Cleft grafting was done with scions from a resistant plant of S. habrochaites LA1739 into ToBRFV-infected susceptible tomato rootstock. The scions became infected and showed mosaic symptoms indicating that the resistance was ineffective after grafting. Sequences comparison of Solyc08g075630 loci of nine resistant accessions showed high heterogenity. Only one resistant plant of S. habrochaites carried an allele almost identical to the resistance gene reported previously. All other resistant plants may have probably unknown gene(s) of resistance to ToBRFV.
Population-based estimates of overtreatment with adjuvant systemic therapy in early breast cancer patients with data from the Netherlands and the USA
Authors: Ragusi M. A. A. , van der Velden B. H. M. , van Maaren M. C. , van der Wall E. , van Gils C. H. , Pijnappel R. M. , Gilhuijs K. G. A. , Elias S. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although adjuvant systemic therapy (AST) helps increase breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), there is a growing concern for overtreatment. By estimating the expected BCSS of AST using PREDICT, this study aims to quantify the number of patients treated with AST without benefit to provide estimates of overtreatment.

Methods
Data of all non-metastatic unilateral breast cancer patients diagnosed in 2015 were retrieved from cancer registries from The Netherlands and the USA. The PREDICT tool was used to estimate AST survival benefit. Overtreatment was defined as the proportion of patients that would have survived regardless of or died despite AST within 10 years. Three scenarios were evaluated: actual treatment, and recommendations by the Dutch or USA guidelines.

Results
59.5% of Dutch patients were treated with AST. 6.4% (interquartile interval [IQI] = 2.5, 8.2%) was expected to survive at least 10 years due to AST, leaving 93.6% (IQI = 91.8, 97.5%) without AST benefit (overtreatment). The lowest expected amount of overtreatment was in the targeted and chemotherapy subgroup, with 86.5% (IQI = 83.4, 89.6%) overtreatment, and highest in the only endocrine treatment subgroup, with 96.7% (IQI = 96.0, 98.1%) overtreatment. Similar results were obtained using data from the USA, and guideline recommendations.

Conclusion
Based on PREDICT, AST prevents 10-year breast cancer death in 6.4% of the patients treated with AST. Consequently, AST yields no survival benefit to many treated patients. Especially improved personalization of endocrine therapy is relevant, as this therapy is widely used and is associated with the highest amount of overtreatment.
Deep learning-based simultaneous registration and unsupervised non-correspondence segmentation of medical images with pathologies
Authors: Andresen Julia , Kepp Timo , Ehrhardt Jan , Burchard Claus von der , Roider Johann , Handels Heinz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The registration of medical images often suffers from missing correspondences due to inter-patient variations, pathologies and their progression leading to implausible deformations that cause misregistrations and might eliminate valuable information. Detecting non-corresponding regions simultaneously with the registration process helps generating better deformations and has been investigated thoroughly with classical iterative frameworks but rarely with deep learning-based methods.

Methods
We present the joint non-correspondence segmentation and image registration network (NCR-Net), a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on a Mumford–Shah-like functional, transferring the classical approach to the field of deep learning. NCR-Net consists of one encoding and two decoding parts allowing the network to simultaneously generate diffeomorphic deformations and segment non-correspondences. The loss function is composed of a masked image distance measure and regularization of deformation field and segmentation output. Additionally, anatomical labels are used for weak supervision of the registration task. No manual segmentations of non-correspondences are required.

Results
The proposed network is evaluated on the publicly available LPBA40 dataset with artificially added stroke lesions and a longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) dataset of patients with age-related macular degeneration. The LPBA40 data are used to quantitatively assess the segmentation performance of the network, and it is shown qualitatively that NCR-Net can be used for the unsupervised segmentation of pathologies in OCT images. Furthermore, NCR-Net is compared to a registration-only network and state-of-the-art registration algorithms showing that NCR-Net achieves competitive performance and superior robustness to non-correspondences.

Conclusion
NCR-Net, a CNN for simultaneous image registration and unsupervised non-correspondence segmentation, is presented. Experimental results show the network’s ability to segment non-correspondence regions in an unsupervised manner and its robust registration performance even in the presence of large pathologies.
Assessment of lung density in pediatric patients using three-dimensional ultrashort echo-time and four-dimensional zero echo-time sequences
Authors: Zeimpekis Konstantinos G. , Kellenberger Christian J. , Geiger Julia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using conventional sequences is limited due to strong signal loss by susceptibility effects of aerated lung. Our aim is to assess lung signal intensity in children on ultrashort echo-time (UTE) and zero echo-time (ZTE) sequences. We hypothesize that lung signal intensity can be correlated to lung physical density.

Materials and methods
Lung MRI was performed in 17 children with morphologically normal lungs (median age: 4.7 years, range 15 days to 17 years). Both lungs were manually segmented in UTE and ZTE images and the average signal intensities were extracted. Lung-to-background signal ratios (LBR) were compared for both sequences and between both patient groups using non-parametric tests and correlation analysis. Anatomical region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed for the normal cohort for assessment of the anteroposterior lung gradient.

Results
There was no significant difference between LBR of normal lungs using UTE and ZTE (p < 0.05). Both sequences revealed a LBR age-dependency with a high negative correlation for UTE (Rs =  – 0.77; range 2.98–1.41) and ZTE (Rs =  – 0.82; range 2.66–1.38)). Signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were age-dependent for both sequences. SNR was higher for children up to 2 years old with 3D UTE Cones while for the rest it was higher with 4D ZTE. CNR was similar for both sequences. Posterior lung areas exhibited higher signal intensity compared to anterior ones (UTE 9.4% and ZTE 12% higher), both with high correlation coefficients (R2UTE = 0.94, R2ZTE = 0.97).

Conclusion
The ZTE sequence can measure signal intensity similarly to UTE in pediatric patients. Both sequences reveal an age- and gravity-dependency of LBR.
On a Minimax Principle in Spectral Gaps
Authors: Seelmann Albrecht 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe minimax principle for eigenvalues in gaps of the essential spectrum in the form presented by Griesemer et al. (Doc Math 4:275–283, 1999) is adapted to cover certain abstract perturbative settings with bounded or unbounded perturbations, in particular ones that are off-diagonal with respect to the spectral gap under consideration. This in part builds upon and extends the considerations in the author’s appendix to Nakić et al. (J Spectr Theory 10:843–885, 2020). Several monotonicity and continuity properties of eigenvalues in gaps of the essential spectrum are deduced, and the Stokes operator is revisited as an example.
MOG-Specific T Cells Lead to Spontaneous EAE with Multilocular B Cell Infiltration in the GF-IL23 Model
Authors: Nitsch Louisa , Petzinna Simon , Zimmermann Julian , Getts Daniel R. , Becker Albert , Müller Marcus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough IL-23 and downstream signal transduction play essential roles in neuroinflammation, the local impact of IL-23 in multiple sclerosis is still not fully understood. Our previous study revealed that the central nervous system (CNS)-restricted expression of IL-23 in a mouse model with astrocyte-specific expression of IL-23, called GF-IL23 mice, leads to spontaneous formation of infiltrates in the brain, especially in the cerebellum. To further investigate the impact of CNS-specific IL-23-expression on neuroinflammation, we studied the GF-IL23 model in mice expressing a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T cell receptor (GF23-2D2 mice). The GF23-2D2 mice developed a chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with myelitis and ataxia without requiring additional immunization. CNS-production of IL-23 alone induced pronounced neuroinflammation in the transgenic MOG-specific T cell receptor model. The GF23-2D2 mice spontaneously developed multilocular infiltrates with a high number of B cells, demyelination and a proinflammatory cytokine milieu indicating that the interaction of encephalitogenic T cells and B cells via co-stimulatory factors seemed to be crucial.
First fossil tumbling flower beetle-type larva from 99 million-year-old amber
Authors: Zippel Ana , Haug Carolin , Müller Patrick , Haug Joachim T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBeetle larvae often differ significantly in morphology from their adult counterparts. Therefore, it should be surprising that these immatures are often not considered to the same extent as the adult beetles. As an example, the fossil record of most beetle groups is largely represented by adult specimens. Representatives of Mordellidae, the group of tumbling flower beetles, have a cosmopolitan distribution with myriads of formally described species, based mostly on adult male specimens. Mordellidae is also well represented in the fossil record, but again only by adults; not a single fossil specimen of a larva has been reported until now. We report a new well-preserved beetle larva in 99 million-year-old Kachin amber. The larva possesses specialisations not known from the modern larvae of Mordellidae, but otherwise is clearly similar to them in many aspects. It appears possible that the fossil represents yet another holometabolan larva in Kachin amber that is associated with life within wood and/or fungi, and therefore, may have contributed to carbon cycling of the past.
Digestate Composition Affecting N Fertiliser Value and C Mineralisation
Authors: Häfner Franziska , Hartung Jens , Möller Kurt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA variety of organic feedstocks can be used for anaerobic digestion, resulting in digestates with different compositions, affecting the fertiliser value. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to assess (1) differences in the nitrogen (N) fertiliser value of seven digestates from different feedstocks in a 2-year field experiment with spring wheat, and (2) the degradability of organic matter (OM) in the digestates within an aerobic incubation experiment. In the field, mineral fertiliser equivalents were in a range of 18–60% (1st year) and 39–83% (2nd year). Fertiliser properties could describe 58.9–74.2% of the N offtake variance among digestates. In the incubation experiment, digestates produced 720–1900 mg CO2-C kg−1. After 56 days, 61% of organic C added by food waste digestate has been mineralised, compared to 16–22% for the other digestates. Digestate composition (C/N, Corg/Norg, carbonate, cellulose, lignin, and crude fibre) could explain 90.4% of the CO2 evolution. In both experiments, digested food waste stood out among digestates with the highest N offtake and highest OM mineralisation. In conclusion, differences in fertiliser value and OM degradability could be related to compositional variations. However, apart from food waste, the composition had only minor influence on digestate performance after soil application.
Graphical Abstract
A real options analysis of existing green energy facilities: maintain or replace?
Authors: Dønnestad E. M. , Fleten S.-E. , Kleiven A. , Lavrutich M. , Teige A. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider an operator of machinery with deteriorating efficiency, facing the problem of optimally timing of either a minor (maintenance) investment or a major (replacement) investment under price uncertainty. If a maintenance investment is chosen, the efficiency of the machinery will deteriorate more slowly, and replacing later is still possible. The optimal decision rule is expressed in the form of thresholds for long-run prices, indicating that it may be rational to wait to see which of the large and small investment is the better choice. We relate the setting to repowering of green energy facilities, such as hydropower plants and wind farms. Our analysis provides several managerial insights. We characterize the conditions that govern whether the smaller investment should be considered at all, and we quantify the effect of having a replacement option embedded in a maintenance option. Our analysis demonstrates that the large investment may get postponed significantly in expectation, which recognizes maintenance as a temporary alternative to replacement.
Secondary electron yield reduction of copper after 355 nm ultrashort pulse laser ablation
Authors: Lorenz Pierre , Himmerlich Marcel , Ehrhardt Martin , Bez Elena , Bogdanowicz Karolina , Taborelli Mauro , Zimmer Klaus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNanostructured surfaces exhibit remarkable chemical, physical and microbiological properties and have therefore various technical and industrial applications. The ultrashort laser pulse irradiation (wavelength λ = 355 nm, pulse duration Δtp = 12 ps, repetition rate f = 100 kHz) of copper samples with appropriate laser parameters results in the formation of a micro- and nanostructured surfaces. The influence of these hierarchically textured surfaces on the secondary electron yield (SEY) was studied especially with regard to their morphological and geometrical properties. Specific SEY changes are caused by both, the shape and the depth of the microstructures, as well as the morphology of the formed nanostructures; that can be either compact flower head-like nanostructures, non-compact filament-shaped nanostructures, molten and resolidified spherical structures, or minor modified surfaces. The measured SEY as a function of the primary electron energy is correlated with the surface topography that forms upon laser irradiation. The SEY decreases with increasing accumulated laser fluence and ablated volume, respectively. Especially flower-head-like nanostructures can be produced at high laser power (P ≥ 400 mW) and low scanning velocity (v ≤ 10 mm/s) and represent a surface with strongly reduced SEY maximum as low as 0.7.
Traditional Kenyan herbal medicine: exploring natural products’ therapeutics against schistosomiasis
Authors: Ndegwa Fidensio K. , Kondam Chaitanya , Aboagye Samuel Y. , Esan Taiwo E. , Waxali Zohra Sattar , Miller Margaret E. , Gikonyo Nicholas K. , Mbugua Paul K. , Okemo Paul O. , Williams David L. , Hagen Timothy J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) remains the only drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis, caused by parasitic flatworms. The widespread use of PZQ in schistosomiasis endemic areas for about four decades raises concerns about the emergence of resistance of Schistosoma spp. to PZQ under drug selection pressure. This reinforces the urgency in finding alternative therapeutic options that could replace or complement PZQ. We explored the potential of medicinal plants commonly used by indigenes in Kenya for the treatment of various ailments including malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea for their antischistosomal properties. Employing the Soxhlet extraction method with different solvents, seven medicinal plants Artemisia annua, Ajuga remota, Bredilia micranta, Cordia africana, Physalis peruviana, Prunus africana and Senna didymobotrya were extracted. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed to determine the presence of various phytochemicals in the plant extracts. Extracts were tested against Schistosoma mansoni newly transformed schistosomula (NTS) and adult worms and the schistosomicidal activity was determined by using the adenosine triphosphate quantitation assay. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed different classes of compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, terpenes, etc., in plant extracts active against S. mansoni worms. Seven extracts out of 22 resulted in <20% viability against NTS in 24 h at 100 μg/ml. Five of the extracts with inhibitory activity against NTS showed >69.7% and ≥72.4% reduction in viability against adult worms after exposure for 24 and 48 h, respectively. This study provides encouraging preliminary evidence that extracts of Kenyan medicinal plants deserve further study as potential alternative therapeutics that may form the basis for the development of the new treatments for schistosomiasis.
Association of intellectual disability with violent and sexual crime and victimization: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Latvala Antti , Tideman Magnus , Søndenaa Erik , Larsson Henrik , Butwicka Agnieszka , Fazel Seena , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is associated with violent and sexual offending and victimization, but the importance of neuropsychiatric comorbidity and severity of disability remains unclear.MethodsIn a register-based cohort study of people born in Sweden 1980–1991 (n = 1 232 564), we investigated associations of mild and moderate/severe ID with any, violent and sexual crimes, and with assault victimization, stratified by comorbid autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We defined ID by attendance at a special school or registered diagnosis and obtained data on criminal convictions and injuries or deaths due to assaults from nationwide registers until end of 2013.ResultsCompared to people without ID, autism or ADHD, men and women with mild or moderate/severe ID and comorbid ADHD had elevated risks of violent crimes [range of hazard ratios (HRs) 4.4–10.4] and assault victimization (HRs 2.0–7.7). Women with mild ID without comorbidities or with comorbid autism also had elevated risks of violent crimes and victimization (HRs 1.8–4.6) compared to women without ID, autism or ADHD. The relative risks of sexual offending and victimization were elevated in men and women with ID without comorbidities (HRs 2.6–12.7). The highest risks for sexual offending in men (HRs 9.4–11.0) and for sexual assault victimization in women (HRs 11.0–17.1) related to ID and comorbid ADHD.ConclusionsThe elevated risk of violent offending and assault victimization in people with ID is largely explained by comorbid ADHD, whereas ID is independently associated with sexual crimes and victimization, even though absolute risks are low.