bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Do Socioeconomic Factors Matter?
Authors: Bakkeli Nan Zou 
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed considerable challenges to people’s mental health, and the prevalence of anxiety and depression increased substantially during the pandemic. Early detection of potential depression is crucial for timely preventive interventions; therefore, there is a need for depression prediction. Data and methods: This study was based on survey data collected from 5001 Norwegians (3001 in 2020 and 2000 in 2021). Machine learning models were used to predict depression risk and to select models with the best performance for each pandemic phase. Probability thresholds were chosen based on cost-sensitive analysis, and measures such as accuracy (ACC) and the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the models’ performance. Results: The study found that decision tree models and regularised regressions had the best performance in both 2020 and 2021. For the 2020 predictions, the highest accuracies were obtained using gradient boosting machines (ACC = 0.72, AUC = 0.74) and random forest algorithm (ACC = 0.71, AUC = 0.75). For the 2021 predictions, the random forest (ACC = 0.76, AUC = 0.78) and elastic net regularisation (ACC = 0.76, AUC = 0.78) exhibited the best performances. Highly ranked predictors of depression that remained stable over time were self-perceived exposure risks, income, compliance with nonpharmaceutical interventions, frequency of being outdoors, contact with family and friends and work–life conflict. While epidemiological factors (having COVID symptoms or having close contact with the infected) influenced the level of psychological distress to a larger extent in the relatively early stage of pandemic, the importance of socioeconomic factors (gender, age, household type and employment status) increased substantially in the later stage. Conclusion: Machine learning models consisting of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and epidemiological features can be used for fast ‘first-hand’ screening to diagnose mental health problems. The models may be helpful for stakeholders and healthcare providers to provide early diagnosis and intervention, as well as to provide insight into forecasting which social groups are more vulnerable to mental illness in which social settings.
Critical care nurses’ moral sensitivity during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Qualitative perspectives
Authors: Aghakhani Nader , Habibzadeh Hossein , Mohammadi Farshad 
Published: February 2022

Background Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is one of the areas in which moral issues are of great significance, especially with respect to the nursing profession, because CPR requires quick decision-making and prompt action and is associated with special complications due to the patients’ unconsciousness. In such circumstances, nurses’ ability in terms of moral sensitivity can be determinative in the success of the procedure. Identifying the components of moral sensitivity in nurses in this context can promote moral awareness and improve moral performance. Objective This study was conducted to explore and identify the experiences of critical care nurses about moral sensitivity components in CPR. Research design and methods This study was implemented with a qualitative approach. Data were collected via 22 in-depth semi-structured interviews held with 20 eligible participants with maximum variation. The data were then analyzed using the grounded theory approach. Participants and research context In total, thirteen clinical nurses, three head nurses, two educational supervisors, and two faculty members from different universities of Iran were interviewed. Ethical considerations This study was conducted with the ethical approval (IR.UMSU.REC.1399.337) of the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Findings Four themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted from the analysis of the data, including “Consciously and compassionate attention to resuscitate the patient,” “Awareness of families’ anxiety,” “Understanding the teamwork and interactive guidance of the CPR process,” and “Compulsory violation of moral principles.” Discussion It is anticipated that this discussion will prompt further debate, raise awareness and help clarify the dimensions of moral sensitivity in unconscious patients especially during CPR, so that it can be more clearly named and defended as a moral authority in CPR. Conclusion identifying the components of moral sensitivity in nurses, facilitates their encounter with moral issues and can improve their moral performance and encourage right decisions.
Serum inflammatory marker levels in serous macular detachment secondary to diabetic macular edema
Authors: Özata Gündoğdu Kübra , Doğan Emine , Çelik Erkan , Alagöz Gürsoy 
Published: February 2022

Purpose To evaluate the serum inflammatory marker levels in serous macular detachment (SMD) secondary to diabetic macular edema (DME). Material and Methods Patients with DME were divided into two groups according to the presence of SMD. Group 1 consisted of 40 patients with SMD, Group 2 consisted of 40 patients without SMD, and Group 3 consisted of 40 healthy subjects. Neutrophil and mean platelet volume (MPV) were obtained from blood samples. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were calculated. In Group 1 and 2 sub-group analysis was done according to grade of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the results were analyzed in these subgroups. Results The neutrophils, MPV, NLR, and SII levels were significantly higher in Group 1 ( p = 0.000, p = 0.004, p = 0.000, p = 0.001, respectively). In subgroup analysis; the neutrophils, NLR, and SII levels were significantly higher in patients with proliferative DR ( p = 0.044, p = 0.046, p = 0.046, respectively) and the SII levels were significantly higher in patients with severe nonproliferative DR in Group 1 ( p = 0.039). The mean CMT values were 548.8 ± 138.3 µm in Group 1 and 420.1 ± 112.7 µm in Group 2. The CMT values were significantly higher in Group 1 ( p: 0.000). However, there was no significant correlation between the CMT values and the systemic inflamatuar markers levels ( p>0.05) in both of the groups. Conclusions NLR and SII levels were significantly higher in DME with SMD, especially in advanced cases. Elevated serum inflammatory markers might be associated with a higher incidence of SMD.
Perceived impact of formulating, implementing and enacting national mental health policies recommendations in practice: An exploratory qualitative study within child and adolescent mental health services in Scotland
Authors: Toma Madalina , Anderson Julie , Forster Sarah , Shiels Paula , Windsor Shirley , Gray Nicola M 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To understand the process of formulating, implementing and enacting national recommendations into practice, by exploring the interactions between government policymakers and national and local organisations supporting and delivering policy implementation within a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) context in Scotland. Methods: Data collection involved 16 semi-structured individual and four focus group interviews with a purposeful sample of policymakers, national health and social care stakeholders and local outpatient and inpatient CAMHS teams representing three NHS health boards in Scotland. Results: Study participants highlighted the challenges of navigating through evolving and often conflicting policy agendas, seen to not acknowledging the current evidence base or experiential learning from services and prior evaluations. Accounts of transformation fatigue often emerged from increased expectations for staff to adopt new approaches to accommodate constantly changing recommendations. Participants also reported a lack of integration and implementation support from national health and social care organisations, leading to duplication of effort and gaps in provision or waste. Policy recommendations were perceived as sometimes vague, lacking clarity about how to deliver service transformation using a whole-system approach. The collective narratives reflected increased tension between the need for local autonomy to innovate and the limitations created vertically by the relative inflexibility of policy recommendations, and horizontally by the proliferation of national organisations delivering the same transformation aims using different approaches in a resource-constrained environment. Conclusion: The findings contribute to the wider literature by offering an exploration of importance of evaluation and evidence uptake in policy formulation; the roles and remits in supporting the implementation of policy recommendations; and how the dynamics of central control and local autonomy might impact on the local enactment of policy recommendations.
Novel spatially distributed heating carbon fabric and decoupling of interfacial electricity
Authors: Hong Xinghua , Zhong Lulu , Dong Yubing , Zhu Chengyan , Jin Zimin 
Published: February 2022

Hybrid carbon fabrics consisted of three regions of full carbon, half carbon (vertical/horizontal), and non-carbon region were provided, which could realize spatially distributed heating and did not been previously reported. As a heating element, the carbon fabric exhibited high efficiency electro-thermal response, the equilibrium temperature of the full carbon region can reach 42°C within only 3 s at a low applied current of 0.2 A. In addition, the carbon fabric gives a significant resistance-temperature sensitivities of −0.303%/°C∼ −0.596%/°C. Moreover, the equivalent circuit model was established to decouple the interface electricity, including the specimen-electrode interfacial resistance (2 R i) of 7.4 Ω, and the contact resistance between orthogonal carbon fiber ( R ii) of 6.4 Ω. This paper provides a simple method to prepare spatially distributed heating fabric and the decoupling method can provide a more suitable selection for the development and analysis of interfacial electricity for carbon fiber and fabric.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor–targeted therapy for CD4+ T cell–mediated idiopathic pneumonia syndrome in mice
Authors: Lee Soung-Min , Kim Chae Eun , Park Ha Young , Yoon Eun Hye , Won Hae Jeong , Ahn Joo Mi , Nguyen Nu Zen Na , Kim Minji , Jang Won Hee , Lee Won-Sik , Kang Mi Seon , Jeong Myeonggyo , Yun Hwayoung , Park Suhyun , Wu Sangwook , Kim Dong Hyun , Kwon Byungsuk , Seo Su-Kil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that interferon γ (IFN-γ) derived from donor T cells co-opts the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) → aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) axis to suppress idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). Here we report that the dysregulated expression of AP-1 family genes in Ahr−/− lung epithelial cells exacerbated IPS in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation settings. AHR repressed transcription of Jund by preventing STAT1 from binding to its promoter. As a consequence, decreased interleukin-6 impaired the differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward Th17 cells. IFN-γ– and IDO1-independent induction of Ahr expression indicated that the AHR agonist might be a better therapeutic target for IPS than the IDO1 activator. We developed a novel synthetic AHR agonist (referred to here as PB502) that potently inhibits Jund expression. PB502 was highly effective at inducing AHR activation and ameliorating IPS. Notably, PB502 was by far superior to the endogenous AHR ligand, L-kynurenine, in promoting the differentiation of both mouse and human FoxP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that the IDO1-AHR axis in lung epithelial cells is associated with IPS repression. A specific AHR agonist may exhibit therapeutic activity against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases by promoting regulatory T-cell differentiation.
Comparison of two different uses of underbody forced-air warming blankets for the prevention of hypothermia in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Yin Wenchao , Wan Qihai , Jia Haibin , Jiang Xue , Luo Chunqiong , Zhang Lan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Forced-air warming (FAW) is an effective method of preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH). However, its warming effects can be influenced by the style and position of the FAW blanket. This study aimed to compare the effects of underbody FAW blankets being placed under or over patients in preventing IPH.

Methods
Patients (n=100) undergoing elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the lateral decubitus position were randomized into either under body (UB) group or the over body (OB) group (50 per group). The body temperature of the patients was recorded from baseline to the end of anesthesia. The incidences of postoperative hypothermia and shivering were also collected.

Results
A steady decline in the body temperature was observed in both groups up to 60 minutes after the start of FAW. After 60 minutes of warming, the OB group showed a gradual increase in the body temperature. However, the body temperature still decreased in UB group until 75 minutes, with a low of 35.7℃ ± 0.4℃. Then the body temperature increased mildly and reached 35.8℃ ± 0.4℃ at 90 minutes. After 45 minutes of warming, the body temperature between the groups was significantly different (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative hypothermia in the UB group was significantly higher than that in the OB group (P = 0.023).

Conclusions
The body temperature was significantly better with the use of underbody FAW blankets placed over patients than with them placed under patients. However, there was not a clinically significant difference in body temperature. The incidence of postoperative hypothermia was much lower in the OB group. Therefore, placing underbody FAW blankets over patients is recommended for the prevention of IPH in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Trial registration
This single-center, prospective, RCT has completed the registration of the Chinese Clinical Trial Center at 13/1/2021 with the registration number ChiCTR2100042071. It was conducted from 14/1/2021 to 30/10/2021 as a single, blinded trial in Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital.
The methylation of SDC2 and TFPI2 defined three methylator phenotypes of colorectal cancer
Authors: Lei Ruixue , Zhao Yanteng , Huang Kai , Wang Qian , Wan Kangkang , Li Tingting , Yang Haijun , Lv Xianping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMethylatedSDC2andTFPI2are widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection. However, they often miss some CRCs, which directly diminishes the sensitivity. Further investigations of the underlying mechanisms leading to the missed samples will facilitate developing more eligible methylation markers.MethodsCRC samples from TCGA and GEO datasets were divided into three groups, High-methylation/ High-methylation (HH), High-methylation/Low-methylation (HL), and Low-methylation/Low-methylation (LL) according to the methylation status ofSDC2andTFPI2promoters. Variations in age, tumor location and microsatellite instable were then assessed between the three groups and verified in our custom cohort.ResultsSamples of HL group preferred to derive from left-sided CRCs (P < 0.05). HH samples showed the highest microsatellite instability and mutation load (mean nonsynonymous mutations for HH/HL/LL: 10.55/3.91/7.02,P = 0.0055). Almost all mutations ofBRAF, one of the five typical CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) related genes, were observed in HH group (HH/HL/LL: 51/0/1,P = 0.018). Besides, older patients were frequently found in HH group. Expression analysis identified 37, 84, and 22 group-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for HH, HL, and LL, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that HH-specific DEGs were mainly related to transcription regulation, while LL-specific DEGs were enriched in the biological processes of extracellular matrix interaction and cell migration.ConclusionsThe current study revealed that the performance of methylation-based markers might be affected by tumor location, patient age, mutation load and MSI, and these respective sides should be considered when developing new methylation markers for CRC detection.
Alcohol drinking patterns have a positive association with cognitive function among older people: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akagi Yuya , Kabayama Mai , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Yasumoto Saori , Klinpudtan Nonglak , Srithumsuk Werayuth , Godai Kayo , Ikebe Kazunori , Akasaka Hiroshi , Yokoyama Serina , Nozato Yoichi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Yamamoto Koichi , Sugimoto Ken , Arai Yasumichi , Inagaki Hiroki , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The relationship between moderate alcohol drinking or other alcohol drinking patterns such as frequency, beverage type, and situation of drinking and cognitive function is not sufficiently clear in older people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between alcohol drinking patterns and cognitive function in community-dwelling Japanese people aged 75 and over.

Methods
This study was a cross-sectional design based on a prospective cohort study called the SONIC study. Subjects were older people aged 75-77 or 85-87 who voluntarily participated in 2016-2017. Drinking information was collected for daily drinking frequency, daily drinking intake, beverage type, and non-daily drinking opportunity. Cognitive function was measured using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J). Other potential confounding factors evaluated were age, sex, medical factors, and psychosocial factors. An analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate the MoCA-J score relative to drinking frequency or alcohol intake. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between beverage type or non-daily drinking opportunity and the MoCA-J score.

Results
The final number of participants analyzed was 1,226. The MoCA-J score for participants who reported drinking alcohol 1–6 days/week was significantly higher than that for those who reported drinking none or every day. No significant difference in the MoCA-J score was observed relative to daily alcohol intake. In terms of beverage type, wine was associated positively with the MoCA-J score. Non-daily drinking opportunity was also associated positively with the MoCA-J score.

Conclusions
Moderate-frequency drinking, wine consumption, and non-daily drinking opportunities were associated with higher cognitive function in community-dwelling Japanese aged 75 and over. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationships.
A multicenter analysis of trends in resistance in urinary Enterobacterales isolates from ambulatory patients in the United States: 2011–2020
Authors: Dunne Michael W. , Aronin Steven I. , Yu Kalvin C. , Watts Janet A. , Gupta Vikas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs), which are usually caused by bacteria in the Enterobacterales family, are a common reason for outpatient visits. Appropriate empiric therapy for UTIs requires an understanding of antibiotic resistance in the community. In this nationwide study, we examined trends in antibiotic resistance in urinary Enterobacterales isolates from ambulatory patients in the United States (US).MethodsWe analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL]-producing phenotype and not susceptible [NS] to beta-lactams, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [TMP/SMX], fluoroquinolones [FQ], or nitrofurantoin [NFT]) of 30-day non-duplicate Enterobacterales isolates from urine cultures tested at ambulatory centers in the BD Insights Research Database (2011–2020). The outcome of interest was the percentage of resistant isolates by pathogen and year. Multi-variable generalized estimating equation models were used to assess trends in resistance over time and by additional covariates.ResultsA total of 338 US facilities provided data for > 2.2 million urinary Enterobacterales isolates during the 10-year study. Almost three-quarters (72.8%) of Enterobacterales isolates wereEscherichia coli. Overall unadjusted resistance rates in Enterobacterales isolates were 57.5%, 23.1%, 20.6%, and 20.2% for beta-lactams, TMP/SMX, FQ, and NFT, respectively, and 6.9% had an ESBL-producing phenotype. Resistance to two or more antibiotic classes occurred in 16.4% of isolates and 5.5% were resistant to three or more classes. Among isolates with an ESBL-producing phenotype, 70.1%, 59.9%, and 33.5% were NS to FQ, TMP/SMX, and NFT, respectively. In multivariable models, ESBL-producing and NFT NS Enterobacterales isolates increased significantly (both P < 0.001), while other categories of resistance decreased. High rates (≥ 50%) of beta-lactam and NFT resistance were observed inKlebsiellaisolates and in non-E. coli, non-KlebsiellaEnterobacterales isolates.ConclusionsAntimicrobial resistance was common in urinary Enterobacterales isolates. Isolates with an ESBL-producing phenotype increased by about 30% between 2011 and 2020, and significant increases were also observed in NFT NS Enterobacterales isolates. Resistance rates for all four antibiotic classes were higher than thresholds recommended for use as empiric therapy. Non-E. coliEnterobacterales isolates showed high levels of resistance to commonly used empiric antibiotics, including NFT. These data may help inform empiric therapy choices for outpatients with UTIs.
HIV testing frequency and associated factors among five key populations in ten cities of China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiao Kedi , Wei Ran , Li Haochu , Chow Eric P. F. , Piqueiras Eduardo , Lewis Taylor , Xu Zece , Ren Ci , Ma Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegular HIV testing is the best way to detect people living with HIV promptly, yet not much is known about the characteristics of frequent, voluntary testers. This study explores factors related to HIV testing frequency among five key populations in China including men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSWs), people who use drugs (PWUD), men who have casual sex with women (MCSW) and sero-negative partners among sero-discordant couples (SNPs).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in ten cities of China from November 2018 to September 2019 using convenience sampling to recruit participants. Univariate and multivariate partial proportional odds models were adopted to compare socio-behavioral factors associated with HIV testing frequencies among the five key populations.ResultsAmong the 2022 recruited participants, 36.6% reported not testing for HIV in the past year, whereas 37.0% tested once and 26.4% tested twice. Compared with MSM, FSWs (AOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.36–2.86) and SNPs (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 2.40–5.49) were more likely to test for HIV, but MCSW (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17–0.32) were less likely. Additionally, SNPs (AOR = 4.02, 95% CI: 2.78–5.83) were more likely to be frequent HIV testers, while FSWs (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.32–0.76) and MCSW (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.20–0.41) were less likely to be frequent testers. Factors identified as barriers to HIV testing include the following: higher education level and > 5000 CNY monthly income for FSWs; elder age and a married/cohabitating status for PWUD; reported alcohol use for MCSW; and non-Han ethnicity and non-local household for SNPs. Facilitators to frequent testing included the following: higher education level for MSM and SNPs; higher AIDS knowledge score for MSM and PWUD; > 5000 CNY monthly income for FSWs and PWUD; and reporting high-risk sexual behaviors for MSM, FSW and PWUD.ConclusionsHIV testing frequencies and associated factors were not equivalent across the five key populations in China. Public health officials should take heed of the identified high-risk populations reporting high testing rates, perhaps with intensive and tailored behavioral interventions or biochemical prophylaxis.