bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Royalty’ Purple Raspberry1
Authors: Sanford John C. , Ourecky Donald K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Royalty’ is a new purple raspberry cultivar with the high fruit quality of the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and the vigor and large fruit size associated with the purple raspberry (R. idaeus × R. occidentalis L). The cultivar is hardy and has wide adaptation and good yield potential. It has immunity to Amphorophora agathonica Hottes, the aphid vector of the raspberry mosaic virus complex, and resistance to Aphis rubicola Oestland, the aphid vector of raspberry leaf curl. It also shows resistance to Byturus rubi Barber, the raspberry fruit worm.
Clubroot-resistant Cabbage Breeding Lines Oregon 100, 123, 140, and 1421
Authors: Baggett J. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Clubroot-resistant cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) inbred breeding lines Oregon 100, 123, 140, and 142 have been released by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. They were developed at Corvallis, Ore., in field plots with established infestations of Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor., the causal organism of clubroot. The lines have shown useful field resistance to clubroot in British Columbia and northwestern Washington. These lines have good horticultural characteristics, especially short cores and high solidity, and most combinations among them produce F1 hybrids of excellent type. Some F1 hybrid combinations are of acceptable size and quality for sauerkraut use. One or more of these lines may be usable as commercial clubroot-resistant cultivars for market or home garden.
‘Ohio CR-6’ Tomato1
Authors: Scott J. W. , Farley James D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio CR-6’ is a pink-fruited, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrid adapted to greenhouse culture with resistance to Fusarium crown and root rot (Fusarium oxys-porum f. sp. lycopersici radieus). It was released by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Aug. 1982.
Heliconias: A Promising New Cut Flower Crop1
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. , Donselman Henry 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The genus Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) consists of about 150 species of tropical herbaceous plants having banana-like foliage and ranging in height from 30 cm to 6 m. Some species have attractive reddish or multicolored foliage, making them useful tropical landscape plants.
Design and Evaluation of the Auto-tutorial for a Greenhouse Crop Production Course1
Authors: Brzezinski Diana , Seeley John G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Principles of greenhouse plant culture are an important component of the college-level study of commercial crop production. The ever-increasing information from research has expanded the amount of knowledge to be taught. Thus, development of more efficient and effective methods of teaching is necessary to increase educational productivity. For example, change from a “lecture-slide-discussion” method to an “auto-tutorial supplement” method in a greenhouse crop production course may increase the course content and number of crops studied, and provide more time for discussion of production concepts and plant growth principles. Slide sets reviewed individually by students can supplement assignments in textbooks and illustrate more phases of crop production.
Foreword
Authors: Lipton Werner J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The symposium “The Medfly in California: The Threat, Defense Strategies, and Public Policy” was held on June 22, 1982, at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Western Region of ASHS and of the AAAS-Pacific Division. The symposium was arranged to facilitate communication between members of diverse professional backgrounds about a tremendous potential danger to the horticultural industry of California and to provide as factual a record as possible about the events of 1981 and 1982 and their background. In addition to the topics covered herein, “Environmental and Public Health Concerns” was also discussed but is not included in this compilation. However, the potential health hazards involved in eradicating and in not eradicating the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) are alluded to in some of the other contributions.
The Medfly in California: The Threat
Authors: Dowell Robert V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Mediterranean Fruit Fly (medfly) (Fig. 1), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), is an exotic pest of fruits and berries which has invaded the continental United States on 11 occasions since 1929 (Table 1). Each invasion has triggered an eradication program conducted by state and federal regulatory personnel. Until recently, there was little discussion of this “knee-jerk” eradication response, despite its almost complete reliance on the use of pesticide sprays (Table 1). This changed with the 1980 infestation found in Santa Clara county. The eradication program proposed to aerially treat 1495 square miles (3827 km2) of a heavily populated area with malathion. The resulting media coverage, combined with an environmentally aware community, resulted in an extensive public debate about the proposed eradication program. There were questions raised about the safety of the pesticides to be used, the cost effectiveness of the program, whether the program was possible or needed, and whether public safety had been considered at all. State and federal regulatory officials went forward with their plans for aerial sprays in July 1981, despite considerable initial public opposition. Due in part to an exhaustive environmental monitoring effort (10), in part to a thorough coordination with local medical societies, and in part to an extensive public information program, much of this opposition became muted, and the spraying was generally accepted.
The Medfly in California: Methods of Attack
Authors: Leroy Williamson D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A familiar cliché that the best defense is a good offense is apropos of our vigilance against invasion by the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Certainly, forming the first and most valuable action lines are the extensive detection systems around our continental borders, the national customs and quarantine procedures, and public information/education programs. When the insect penetrates these barriers, then correct assessment of the necessary restraints to the flow of commerce, coupled with accurate choice of weaponry, are the remaining requirements. Thus, we can separate the attack methodology or strategy into 4 distinct categories: detection, evaluation, prevention, and suppression.
Fruit Thinning of Pecan with Ethephon1
Authors: Wood B. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Schley’ pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] fruit were selectively thinned within one week after treatment with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) without causing leaf abscission. A concentration range of 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 ppm caused progressive and selective fruit thinning ranging from 25 to 75%, depending upon concentration and fruit age. Fruit treated when at 4-mm diameter (June 15) were more heavily thinned at the same rate than fruit at 12-mm diameter (July 15). Leaf abscission occurred at rates of 300 ppm or greater on each treatment date. Ethephon levels had no effect on return bloom or fruit set.
Production of Fruiting Grapevines for Pot Culture1
Authors: Janick Jules 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Aurore’ grapevines (Vitis X sp.) were propagated by softwood cuttings on May 1 and 15, June 22, and July 20, 1981 and field-planted that year on June 9 and 25, July 20, and Aug. 12, respectively. Plants were harvested in late fall, over-wintered bare root in 5°C common storage, planted in pots, and forced in an 18° minimum night temperature greenhouse at 2-week intervals from Jan. 29 to March 12, 1982. Forced plants produced from cuttings planted in the field in June flowered and produced attractive fruit clusters but July- and August-planted cuttings produced few or no inflorescences.
Field Inoculation of Sweet Corn with the Head Smut Pathogen (Sphacelotheca reiliana)1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Koepsell P. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Methods of field inoculation of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) with Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kühn) Clinton for head smut resistance tests were evaluated. Application of a mixture of teliospores and slightly dampened vermiculite with the seed by means of a V-belt planter was the best method tested and resulted in a 95% disease incidence in the most susceptible cultivar. Application of this mixture by hand in individual planting holes resulted in greater disease incidence but required much more labor and inoculum.
The Effect of Bacterial Spot on Yield and Quality of Fresh Market Tomatoes1
Authors: Pohronezny Ken , Volin R. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit yield and quality were determined in field plots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye at the 3-4 true leaf stage (early inoculation), or 10 days after first fruit set (late inoculation), and in uninoculated control plots. Early inoculation reduced yields, especially of large-sized fruit. In one of 2 experiments, yield of large-sized fruit was also reduced by late inoculation. Bacterial spot on fruit was responsible for some marketable yield loss in both experiments. Sunscald was significantly increased in early inoculation plots in one of the experiments. No disease effects on crop maturity or total number of fruit harvested were found. Yield losses were more severe than could be accounted for by lost and diseased foliage alone.
Root Morphological Characteristics of Field-grown Tomatoes1
Authors: Stoffella Peter J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Total root biomass of 23 field-grown cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was partitioned into basal-root and taproot components during Fall 1980 and Spring 1981. Weights of basal roots (originating within the lower one cm of the hypocotyl and one cm of the upper taproot) differed among cultivars during both seasons. For each cultivar, basal roots contributed the largest proportion of the total root biomass. No difference in taproot weights occurred among cultivars. Adventitious roots were minimal and were not measured. ‘Market Hybrid 58’ and ‘Casino Royale’ had larger total and basal root weights than ‘Burgis’, ‘Florida 1A’, and ‘Florida IB’ during both seasons. Stem diameter was significantly correlated with total and basal root weights. Results suggest that root morphological differences among tomato cultivars are restricted to basal roots.
Quality of Tomatoes Harvested from Plants Receiving Chronic Exposures to Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: Lotstein R. J. , Davis D. D. , Pell E. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Potted plants of ‘Merit’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown from seed to maturity in controlled-environment chambers and exposed to charcoal-filtered air or 288-314 μgm-3 (0.11-0.12 ppm) SO2 during weeks 1-5, 6-10, or 1-10 beginning about one week after transplanting. Red ripe fruit harvested from plants exposed to SO2 exhibited a slight but significant decrease in ascorbic acid expressed on a dry-weight basis. SO2 induced significantly greater levels of foliar sulfur, but did not increase sulfur content of the fruit. Exposure of plants to SO2 did not affect fruit yield or quality factors including soluble solids, total solids, or ascorbic acid on fresh-weight basis. A multiple regression model revealed low but significant R2 values, indicating a weak and indirect, yet significant, association between plant sulfur content and fruit ascorbic acid.
A Comparison of Normal Seeds and Pseudoembryos Produced in Parthenocarpic Fruit of ‘Severianin’ Tomato1
Authors: Lin Steve , Splittstoesser Walter E. , George William L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Pseudoembryos, produced from endothelial proliferation, were found in parthenocarpic fruits of ‘Severianin’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)· The pseudoembryos did not increase in size after 12 days after anthesis and no endosperm or embryo occurred. At maturity, pseudoembryos became yellow-white in color and had developed a seed coat and thickened radial walls which appeared like hairs. Parthenocarpic fruits had complete locular development, similar to seeded fruits.
An Exotherm Sensor for Measuring the Cold Hardiness of Deep-supercooled Flower Buds by Differential Thermal Analysis1
Authors: Andrews P. K. , Proebsting E. L. , Campbell G. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The low temperature exotherms of deep-supercooled flower buds have been found to be associated with freezing injury of the primordia. Differential thermal analysis of small buds with copper-constantan thermocouples often results in insufficient sensitivity, making it difficult to distinguish exotherms from background interference. The signal produced by the exotherm was significantly increased by utilizing a heat flux plate made from a thermoelectric module and thermal conducting paste. Differences in exotherms between nodes with one bud and with 2 buds could be detected with the thermoelectric module. More exotherms were detected from a given number of flower buds with the thermoelectric module than with thermocouples.
Reaction of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Cultivars to Two Species of Root Knot Nematodes1
Authors: McSorley R. , Marlatt R. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The responses of 13 cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. to Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood and of 12 cultivars of H. rosa-sinensis to M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood were determined in 2 greenhouse inoculation experiments. ‘Pride of Hankins’ was highly susceptible to M. javanica, ‘Philipino’ was highly susceptible to M. incognita, and several other cultivars showed moderate levels of galling from the latter species. The cultivars which were least susceptible to both nematode species were ‘President’, ‘Florida Sunset’, ‘Old Gold’, ‘Go-Go Girls’, ‘Anderson Crepe’, and ‘Delight’.
Stimulation of Rooting in Rhododendrons by Increasing Natural Daylength with Low Intensity Lighting1
Authors: French C. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effect of increasing natural daylength on rooting was investigated in 4 cultivars and 1 species of rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.). Stem cuttings received an additional 8 hours light (2000 to 0400 HR) from low-intensity, incandescent lamps. Adventitious root formation was promoted by increased daylength in R. catawbiense (Michaux) and ‘Sonata’, ‘Unique’, and ‘Mrs. G. W. Leak’ rhododendron. Supplementary lighting had no effect on ‘Pink Bountiful’. There was no clear relationship between effects of supplementary light on bud/shoot development and rooting. Stimulation of rooting was observed at low air temperatures, indicating that expression of photoperiodic effects is not necessarily dependent on high ambient temperature. Low-intensity supplementary lighting offers a practical method to improve rooting of rhododendrons on a commercial scale.
Developing Wildflower Sods1
Authors: Airhart Douglas L. , Falls Kathleen M. , Hosmer Trina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wildflower sods were made with 3 different commercial peat-lite mixes and a cheesecloth netting as a root binder with seeding rates 1-20 × field rates. Rates of 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × were required, depending on species. Sod formation of Asclepias tuberosa L., Cichorium intybus L., and Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. was unsatisfactory, but Achillea Millefolium L., Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. ‘Ox-eye’ and ‘Alaska’, Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench., Gaillardia aristata Pursh., Hesperis matronalis L., Oenothera Lamarckiana L., Ratibida columnaris Raf., and Rudbeckia hirta L. produced good sods and good rooting when field-transplanted.
Freezing Resistance and Cold Acclimation in Turfgrasses1
Authors: Rajashekar C. , Tao Dali , Li P. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The freezing resistance of leaf, crown, and root tissues was determined for nonhardened and cold-hardened cultivars of perennial rye (Lolium perenne L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and red and chewings fescues (Festuca rubra L. and F. rubra var. commutata Gaud.). The nonhardened leaf and crown tissues of all the cultivars studied survived temperatures below –9.8°C. After acclimating at 5° under short days for 6 weeks or longer, the maximum increase in hardiness was in ‘Wintergreen’ (chewings fescue) which survived –27°. The cold-acclimation behavior of ‘Wintergreen’ was studied at acclimating temperatures of 0° and 5°. Both the leaf and crown tissues had at least 2 stages of acclimation, in which an acclimating temperature of 5° was conducive to the initial stage, followed by a lower acclimating temperature (0°) for the second stage.
Effect of Water Stress on in Vitro Heat Tolerance of Turfgrass Leaves1
Authors: Becwar M. R. , Wallner S. J. , Butler J. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), and weeping alkaligrass [Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl.] were exposed to water stress prior to measuring heat tolerance of leaf blade segments. Heat tolerance was determined using an electrolyte leakage assay. Water stress pretreatments did not increase in vitro heat tolerance of turfgrass leaves.
Morphological Responses of Cynodon and Stenotaphrum to Chilling Temperatures as Affected by Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Karnok Keith J. , Beard James B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The morphological progression of low-temperature discoloration as affected by gibberellic acid (GA3) applied exogenously was determined for ‘Ormond’ (chill-tolerant) and ‘Tee Dee’ (chill-sensitive) bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and ‘Floratam’ (chill-tolerant) and ‘Texas Common’ (chill-sensitive) St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt) Kuntze] while exposed to chilling temperatures of 7°C (day)/5° (night) for 14 days. Visible symptoms on all cultivars occurred first and progressed most rapidly on horizontal leaf blades and stems which were directly exposed to light. Leaf blades and stems deep in the canopy or shaded by other plant parts were the last to show injury. Bleaching and/or the formation of a purple pigmentation occurred in the leaf blades and stems of both bermudagrass cultivars within 3 days of chilling stress. The symptoms occurred first and proceeded more rapidly on ‘Tee Dee’. Both St. Augustinegrass cultivars showed visual symptoms after 5 or more days of chilling stress. Wilting was followed immediately by the development of water-soaked lesions and finally by total necrosis. The application of GA3 at 62.5 g ha-1 stimulated shoot growth of both chill-stressed bermudagrass cultivars and almost completely prevented development of a purple pigmentation in the leaf blades and stems. GA3 did not stimulate shoot growth, and it increased the rapidity and severity of the chilling-injury symptom development on the blades and stems of both St. Augustinegrass cultivars, indicating a possible toxicity effect at the rate used.
Thatch Accumulation in Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars and Blends1
Authors: Shearman R. C. , Bruneau A. H. , Kinbacher E. J. , Riordan T. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sixty Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars and experimental lines and 24 bluegrass blends were investigated for thatching tendency. Cultivars and experimental lines differed in thatch accumulation during the course of this 5-year study. Increasing N level from 10 to 20 g N m-2 season -1 had no effect on thatch accumulation. Thatch accumulation in cultivars and experimental lines was correlated (r = 0.87) to verdure, indicating vigorous cultivars had greater thatching tendency. Thatching tendency of cultivars was correlated (r = 0.74) to their total cell-wall content expressed on a mg dm-2 basis. Accumulation of thatch in blends approximated the mean accumulation for cultivars growing in pure stands. These results indicate a potential for reducing thatch accumulation in Kentucky bluegrass lawns through blending of appropriate cultivars.
Plant Growth Response to Water Rationing in a Container Nursery
Authors: Fitzpatrick George 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Small seedlings of Philodendron selloum Koch and Brassaia actinophylla Endl. and rooted cuttings of Ficus benjamina L. were planted in 15-cm-diameter containers, and grown outdoors for 6 months under 63% shade at 7 different irrigation rates. Each plant species’ estimated actual evapotranspiration rate was applied as a base rate and the remaining 6 rates were all fractions of the base rate, 3 of which were applied for the entire duration of the experiment and 3 of which were only applied during the middle 2 months of the 6-month growing period. Each species grew at reduced rates under water rationing, but the magnitude varied with species, amount of rationing, and duration of rationing. Reduced growth in F. benjamina during the 3 short-term rationing treatments was followed by accelerated growth after the rationing ceased, and final growth was comparable to those not subjected to rationing. This recovery phenomenon was not exhibited by either P. selloum or B. actinophylla; both species had reduced growth for more than 2 months after cessation of short-term water rationing.
Accumulation and Partitioning of Nitrogen and Dry Matter during the Growth of Chrysanthemum
Authors: Woodson William R. , Boodley James W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Changes in dry weights, total N, nitrate N, and reduced N in the aboveground parts of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. ‘Gt.#4 Indianapolis White’ were determined at intervals from planting of rooted cuttings until inflorescence maturity. Plant dry matter accumulation rate (mg/day) increased in the combined aboveground tissues with each successive harvest, while N accumulation rate (mg N/day) peaked early in the plants’ growth and decreased after the 6th week of growth. Continued dry matter accumulation in the leaves during inflorescence development suggested that photosynthetic capacity was in excess of the inflorescences’ needs. In contrast, a loss of N from the vegetative portions, and primarily the stems plus petioles, indicated that newly absorbed N was inadequate to meet the demands of the developing inflorescence. The partitioning of N between NO3 and reduced N indicated that enzymatic reduction of NO3 did not limit the availability of reduced N during inflorescence development.
Influence of Propagation Method and Fertilizer Rate on Growth and Development of Liatris pycnostachya
Authors: Salac Sotero S. , Fitzgerald Jay B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Field planting of corms of Liatris pycnostachya Michx. cv. Eureka produced superior plants for cut flower production than seeds, seedlings, or rooted stem cuttings. Corms with diameters of 2.4 to 7.9 cm produced the highest number of tall flowering stems. Transplanted seedlings produced larger corms with more buds than corms harvested from rooted stem cuttings or direct-seeded plants. Fertilizer (10N–8.6P–8.3K) applied at the rate of 3 kg/100 m2 was sufficient for producing superior quality flowering stems.
Growth Retardation Activity of Paclobutrazol on Chrysanthemum
Authors: McDaniel G. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Height of potted chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) was effectively controlled by soil drench applications of paclobutrazol [ICI-PP-333 = (2RS, 3RS)-l-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl-pentan-3-ol]. While response to the chemical depended on normal flowering height of each cultivar, rates of 0.125–0.750 mg ai/15-cm pot were effective on the tall- and medium-height cultivars tested. Aqueous foliar sprays were ineffective in controlling plant height. Foliar sprays of paclobutrazol mixed in 15% ethanol caused significant height reduction of chrysanthemum. Foliar sprays were not as effective as soil drench applications for controlling growth.