bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss for Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Kwan Stephanie A. , Lynch Jeffrey C. , DeFrance Michael , Ciesielka Kerri-Anne , Rivlin Michael , Daniel Joseph N. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) affects the ability of an individual to communicate and can negatively impact quality of life. The risk to orthopaedic surgeons of developing NIHL as a result of occupational exposures in the operating room (OR) is currently unknown. Hearing protection is recommended for levels of >85 decibels (dB), irrespective of length of exposure. The primary goal of the present study was to determine whether orthopaedic surgeons are exposed to harmful noise levels in the OR that puts them at risk for developing NIHL.

Methods:
A prospective review was conducted with use of intraoperative audio recordings across 6 orthopaedic subspecialties. Recordings were made in ORs prior to the surgical start time to serve as baseline controls. Decibel levels were reported as the maximum dB level (MDL), defined as the highest sound pressure level during the measurement period, and as the time-weighted average (TWA), defined as the average dB level projected over an 8-hour time period. Noise doses were reported as the percentage of maximum allowable daily noise (dose) and as the measured dose projected forward over 8 hours (projected dose).

Results:
Three hundred audio recordings were made and analyzed. The average MDL ranged from 96.9 to 102.0 dB, with noise levels for all subspeciality procedures being significantly greater compared with the control recordings (p < 0.001). Overall, MDLs were >85 dB in 84% of cases and >100 dB in 35.0% of cases. The procedure with the highest noise dose was a microdiscectomy, which reached 11.3% of the maximum allowable daily noise and a projected dose of 104.1%. Among subspecialties, adult reconstruction had the highest dose and projected dose per case among subspecialties.

Conclusions:
The present results showed that orthopaedic surgeons are regularly exposed to damaging noise levels (i.e., >85 dB), putting them at risk for permanent hearing loss. Further investigation into measures to mitigate noise exposure in the OR and prevent hearing loss in orthopaedic surgeons should be undertaken.

Clinical Relevance:
Orthopaedic surgeons are at risk for NIHL as a result of occupational exposures in the OR.
Study on the Mobility and Flow Mechanism of Aquifer Water in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Li Zhongcheng , Fang Feifei , Zhai Yujia , Zhang Jie , Li Zhi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Water invasion is one of the most critical constraints on developing carbonate gas reservoirs, with a significant impact on gas well production. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a correct experimental model of water invasion to study the mobility and flow mechanism of aquifer water. In this study, three-full-diameter core was selected from Longwangmiao carbonate gas reservoirs. Then, the experimental evaluation methods and process of aquifer water mobility are established and conducted, and the effects of different parameters on the mobility of aquifer water are analyzed. The results show that the mobility of aquifer water is affected by the pore compressibility of formation rock and its elastic expansion. The proportion of movable water per unit drawdown pressure is 0.1%/MPa, which has little relationship with the production pressure difference. The formation drawdown pressure is the key factor controlling the mobility of the aquifer water. The greater the formation drawdown pressure, the higher the proportion of movable water in aquifer water, and the stronger the degree of water invasion. The cumulative movable water accounted for 6%-9% of the aquifer water in the development of carbonate gas reservoirs, and the final movable water production is related to the abandonment pressure. The aquifer water did not flow initially with drawdown pressure, but there was a critical drawdown pressure with the value of 10 MPa to 13 MPa, and it has a negative association with reservoir permeability. The finding of this study can help for better understanding the concept of water invasion in formation water-bearing reservoirs, and these results can fill the gaps in the mobility conditions and flow mechanisms of aquifer water and provide technical reference for optimizing water-invasion carbonate gas reservoir development.
Laboratory Comparative Study of Anionic and Cationic High-Viscosity Friction Reducers in Moderate to Extremely High Total Dissolved Solids Environments
Authors: Ge Xiaojing , Imqam Abdulmohsin 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHigh-viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) have been recently gaining more attention and increasing in use, not only as friction-reducing agents but also as proppant carriers. Reusing produced water has also been driven by both environmental and economic benefits. Currently, most friction reducers on the market are anionic friction reducers, which are fully compatible with most produced water with low to medium level of total dissolved solids (TDS) but show a significant drop at high TDS conditions in terms of their friction reduction performance in most cases. On the contrary, cationic friction reducers are believed to have better TDS tolerance and friction reduction performance under high TDS conditions. However, concerns remain about performance of using anionic and cationic HVFRs with produced water to transport proppant. The ultimate objective of this experimental study is to comparably analyze the proppant transport capabilities of anionic and cationic HVFRs in high TDS and reservoir temperature environments. An anionic HVFR and a cationic HVFR, both at 4 gallons per thousand gallons (GPT), were selected and analyzed. The rheology measurements of these anionic and cationic HVFRs were conducted in deionized (DI) water and high TDS water conditions. Static and dynamic proppant settling tests were conducted at various TDS conditions at reservoir temperature. Wall retardation and particle hindering on the performance of both anionic and cationic HVFRs were also observed and investigated using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. The results showed that the anionic HVFR had higher viscosity than the cationic HVFR due to larger molecular weight and had much higher elasticity. Increase in TDS concentration would decrease the viscous and elastic profiles of both anionic and cationic HVFRs. In particular, the elastic profile became negligible for both HVFRs. Besides, the “critical salinity” phenomenon was observed. Above this salinity, the viscosity of HVFRs was no longer affected by increasing TDS level. The “critical salinity” for both of the 4-GPT anionic and cationic HVFRs was in the range of 30 000 to 200 000 mg/L. Moreover, the cationic HVFR had lower “critical salinity” than the anionic HVFR. Finally, the correlation between rheology and proppant transport capabilities of HVFRs is discussed in this paper, and a simplified decision-making process of selecting fracturing fluids is proposed.
Plant Seed-Based Bio-coagulant Development and Application for Fecal Sludge treatment and Biogas Production Improvement.
Authors: DIMA Francis Auguste Fleury Junior , LI Zifu , ZHOU Xiaoqin , ZHU Lixin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work addresses the development and application of Cucumeropsis mannii and Luffa acutangula seed proteins as novel bio-coagulants for fecal sludge concentration to increase the biogas yield. The seed protein content was determined and extracted using 1M NaCl, isolated and precipitated by ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄], and dialyzed to obtain the purified proteins. Their coagulation/flocculation was compared to Moringa oleiefera and pumpkin seeds as the primary treatment for the fecal sludge concentration. Optimal coagulant dosages of 20 mg/l at pH 7.25 increased the total solids from 0.4–2.8% and obtained 180 to 350 ml/l of fecal sludge volume per liter. The bio-coagulants effect on the supernatant water reduced 71.20% to 96,88% of turbidity, 76.48–88.70% of COD, and 81.33 to 95.30% of ammonia nitrogen. The BMP result has shown that plant seed-based bio-coagulant are effective and triple the methane yield result compared to the FS without bio-coagulant treatment with a specific methane yield of 192.8 NmL CH4/gVS, and FS with bio-coagulant pretreatment was increased up 350.5 to 465.3 NmL CH4/gVS, with a ratio 2:1 on VS basis.
Forty years (1981-2021) assessing stigma with the Community Attitudes to Mental Illness (CAMI) scale: systematic review of psychometric properties
Authors: Bernadàs Albert , Doval Eduardo , Angarita-Osorio Natalia , Sanabria-Mazo Juan P. , Colomer-Carbonell Ariadna , Evans-Lacko Sara , Thornicroft Graham , Luciano Juan Vicente , Rubio-Valera Maria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background.The Community Attitudes to Mental Illness (CAMI) scale measures social stigma towards people with mental illness. Although it has been used worldwide, the psychometric properties of the CAMI have not been systematically reviewed. The main aim of the present work was to systematically review the psychometric properties (dimensionality, reliability, and construct validity) of the different versions of the CAMI 40 years after of its publication.Methods.A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE from January 1981 to June 2021. A double review was performed for eligibility, data extraction, and quality assessment.Results.A total of 13 studies enrolling 10,095 participants were included. The most frequently reported factor structure comprises 3 or 4 factors. The internal consistency seems adequate for the global scale (a≥ 0.80), except for CAMI-10 (a= 0.69). Overall, internal consistency of the sub-scales is not supported, with authoritarianism being the weakest factor (a= 0.27 to 0.68). The stability over time of the total scale has been assessed in the CAMI-BRand CAMI-10(r> 0.65). Few studies have assessed the temporal stability of the CAMI subscales. Most of the correlations with potentially related measures are significant and in the expected direction.Conclusions.The 3-4 factor structure is the most widely reported in the different versions of the CAMI. Although the reliability and construct validity are acceptable, further item refinement by international consensus seems warranted 40 years after the original publication.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42018098956
Defining “successful” treatment outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review
Authors: Joarder Ishraq , Taniguchi Seika , Snow Mary Elizabeth , Mendoza Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of scoliosis that affects children aged 10 to 18 years old, manifesting in a three dimensional spinal deformity. This study aimed to explore outcome measures used in defining AIS treatment success. Particularly, analyzing the extent of radiographic and quality of life domains used and whether AIS treatment approaches (surgical, bracing, physiotherapy etc.) influences outcomes used as proxies of treatment success.
Methods
EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were used to conduct a systematic scoping review with 158 papers screened for data extraction. Extractable variables included: study characteristics, study participant characteristics, type of study, type of intervention approach and outcome measures.
Results
All 158 studies measured quantitative outcomes. 61.38% of papers used radiographic outcomes whilst 38.62% of papers used quantitative quality of life outcomes to evaluate treatment success. Irrespective of treatment intervention utilized, the type of quantitative outcome measure recorded did not differ significantly. Moreover, of the radiographic outcome measures, the subcategory Cobb angle was predominantly used across all intervention approaches. For quantitative quality of life measures, questionnaires investigating multiple domains such as SRS were primarily used as proxies of AIS treatment success across all intervention approaches.
Conclusion
This study identified that no articles employed qualitative measures of describing the psychosocial implications of AIS in defining treatment success. Although quantitative measures have merit in clinical diagnoses and management, there is increasing value in using qualitative methods such as thematic analysis in guiding clinicians to develop a biopsychosocial approach for patient care.
Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity induced by fipronil and lead acetate and their mixture as well as evaluation of therapeutic effects of camel milk against their harmful.
Authors: Abdel-Mobdy Yasmin , Abdel-Mobdy Ahmed E. , Farga Ammar AL 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Elevated environmental pollution of lead and fipronil blamed for chronic toxicity. Fipronil and lead acetate are commonly used but now no adequate data available concerning side harmful of their mixture. The present work studied the curative effects of camel milk against lead and fipronil toxicity individually and their mixture. The lead acetate or fipronil and their mixture significantly induction deteriorated kidneys and liver function parameters as well as lipid profile and oxidative stress in the both organs. Serum LDH activity increased under the same conditions. Histological examination revealed hepatic degeneration, nephropathy in intoxicated rats relative to normal health control. Both toxicants in their mixture showed more harmful than those of its individual ones. Camel milk treatments into intoxicated animals (lead, fipronil and mixture groups) attenuated the all evaluated parameters, also alleviated the harmful influences of the mixture of lead acetate and fipronil and improved the biomarkers of their oxidative stress.
Multiple-year farm-level assessments of trade-offs between GHG emissions and income: case examples of two farming systems in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ayinde Taiwo Bintu , Nicholson Charles F. , Ahmed Benjamin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This study quantifies the trade-offs between welfare (measured by income) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in two farming systems of northern Nigeria using data for five years from 2015 to 2019. The analyses employ a farm-level optimization model that maximizes value of production less purchased input costs for agricultural activities including production of trees (Locust Bean or Camel’s Foot), sorghum, groundnut or soybeans and multiple livestock species. We compare income and GHG emissions without constraints to scenarios requiring reductions in emissions of either 10% or the maximum reduction feasible while maintaining minimum household consumption levels. For both locations and all years, we find that reductions in GHG emissions would lower household incomes and require substantive modifications to production patterns and input use. However, the extent to which reductions are possible and the patterns of income-GHG trade-offs vary, indicating that such effects are site-specific and time-variable. The variable nature of these trade-offs suggests challenges for the design of any program that would that seek to compensate farmers for reductions in their GHG emissions.
Symbiotic microbiome Staphylococcus epidermidis restricts IL-33 production in allergic nasal epithelium via limiting the cellular necroptosis
Authors: Jeon Yung Jin , Gil Chan Hee , Won Jina , Jo Ara , Kim Hyun Jik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by airway inflammation in nasal mucosa from inhaled allergens and interleukin (IL)-33 is the potent inducer of Th2 inflammation in allergic nasal epithelium. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most abundant colonizers of the healthy human nasal mucosa and might impact the allergen-induced inflammatory responses in the nasal epithelium. Thus, we sought to characterize the mechanism of S. epidermidis regulating Th2 inflammation and IL-33 production in AR nasal mucosa. We isolated nasal commensal S. epidermidis from four healthy donors and determined the anti-allergic effect of S. epidermidis in normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) and AR nasal epithelial (ARNE) cells and AR mice models.
Results
The AR symptoms were alleviated and eosinophilic infiltration, serum IgE levels, and Th2 cytokines were significantly decreased in OVA-sensitized AR mice in response to human nasal commensal S. epidermidis. The inoculation of S. epidermidis to NHNE cells reduced IL-33 and GATA3 transcriptions and also reduced IL-33 and GATA3 expression in ARNE cells and the nasal mucosa of AR mice. Our data exhibited that the cellular necroptosis of ARNE cells might be involved in IL-33 production and inoculation of S. epidermidis decreased the phosphorylation of necroptosis enzymes in ARNE cells, which was related to the reduction of IL-33 production.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that human nasal commensal S. epidermidis reduces allergic inflammation by suppressing IL-33 production in nasal epithelium and blocking allergen-induced cellular necroptosis via S. epidermidis might be a key mechanism of reduction of IL-33 in allergic nasal epithelium.
Relationship between maternal age and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Ma Linghua , Li Jiangheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Maternal age at childbearing has been dramatically increasing worldwide. The problems of adverse obstetric outcomes caused by extremes of maternal ageare more common. This study aimed to analyze the associations between maternal age and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: We performed a population-based study consisting of 108,706 singleton pregnant women whose newborns were delivered after 20 weeks' gestation between January 2012 and December 2015 in China. Participants were divided into four groups according to maternal age at delivery (19 years or younger; 20-34 years; 35-39 years; 40 years or older). Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes with women aged 20–34 years as the reference group.
Results: Advanced maternal agewas associated with an elevated risk of almost all adverse pregnancy outcomes. Young maternal age was associated with increased risk of preterm birth (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.31–1.67), low birth weight (RR 1.69 95% CI 1.51–1.90), small for gestational age (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.32–1.57), an Apgar score < 7 at 5 min (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.08–2.21), and fetal death (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22–2.71), as well as decreased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.13–0.29), gestational hypertension (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.15–0.56), preeclampsia (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17–0.50), premature rupture of membranes (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.22–0.39), postpartum hemorrhage (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.33–0.76), cesarean delivery (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.39–0.47), macrosomia (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.23–0.49), and fetal distress (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.38–0.61).
Conclusions: Advanced maternal age predisposes women to adverseobstetric outcomes. Young maternal age manifests a bidirectional effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes. The findings can be used to improve women's antenatal care and management.
Preparation of oxidized nanocellulose by using potassium dichromate
Authors: Makhliyo Kuzieva , Abdumutolib Atakhanov , Sirojiddin Shakhobutdinov , Nurbek Ashurov , Khaydar Yunusov , Jiang Guohua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Nanocellulose (NC) derivatives are being used in a wide variety of high-quality functional applications. One of them is oxidized nanocellulose (ONC), which has been used in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications due to its biodegradable, biocompatible, hemostatic, and antibacterial properties. In this work, ONC was synthesized using potassium dichromate as an oxidizing agent. The structure of ONC was investigated by means of ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV), fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the primary hydroxyl groups of NC were selectively oxidized to carboxyl groups and their content of 1.36 mmol/g was achieved. The appearance of a new peak (1721 cm− 1) in the FTIR- spectra related to the C = O group was observed. The change of ONC degree of crystallinity (DC) from 88.0–82.5% was revealed and the sizes of the unit cells of both NC and ONC were calculated. The thermal stability of ONC decreased compared to NC. The oxidation process of NC leads to a change in the shape and size of particles from acicular to spherical with a narrow particle size distribution. It was shown that ONC has the ability to accumulate charge on its surface.
Evidence for field induced quantum spin liquid behavior in a spin-1/2 honeycomb magnet
Authors: Lin Gaoting , Zhao Qirong , Li Gang , Shu Mingfang , Ma Yinina , Jiao Jinlong , Huang Qing , Sheng Jieming , Kolesnikov Alexander , Li Lu , Wu Liusuo , Wang Xiaoqun , Zhou Haidong , Liu Zhengxin , Ma Jie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the most important issues in modern condensed matter physics is the realization of fractionalized excitations, such as the Majorana excitations in the Kitaev quantum spin liquid. The 3d-based Kitaev candidate Na2Co2TeO6 is promising to realize such kind of spin liquid phase under external magnetic fields. Here, we first established a complete phase diagram comprising an intermediate magnetically disordered phase sandwiched by the zigzag ordered phase and the polarized trivial phase by the in-plane magnetic torque measurements. Then, the observations, including the restoration of the crystalline point group symmetry in the angle-dependent torque data and the coexisting spinons and magnons from the inelastic neutron scattering data, provide strong evidence that this disordered phase is a field induced quantum spin liquid with partially polarized spins. Our variational Monte Carlo simulation with the effective K-J1-Γ-Γ′-J3 model agrees well with the experimental data and further supports this conclusion.
A Simple and Accurate Explicit Form of the Green-Ampt Infiltration Model
Authors: Sadeghi Sayed Hossein , Loescher Hank , Jacoby Pete W. , Sullivan Pamela L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
Finding a direct solution to the widely used Green-Ampt (G-A) one dimensional infiltration model has been subject of efforts for more than half a century. We derived an accurate explicit formula that appears be so far the simplest proposed model in the literature. Our approach builds upon simulating the Valiantzas’s G-A infiltration model by a second order polynomial. The proposed equation is F = Kt (0.70635 + 0.32415 √1+9.43456(S2/K2t)), with F, K, S and t being cumulative infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, sorptivity and time, respectively. Relative errors (ɛ) by the application of this equation generally do not exceed ±0.3% in most practical infiltration problems faced in water resources engineering. It was both numerically and mathematically shown that absolute errors > 0.3% could only occur if Kt/F > 0.904, a criteria that could practically be the case for light textured soils like sand and loamy sand if they are exposed to long infiltration times, i.e., 6 hr and 19 hr in our examples, respectively. A simple linear adjustment model is proposed as Fadj ≅ 0.9796F + 0.335 S2/K to account for these uncommon real-World conditions. The linear adjustment assures that ɛ remains within the ± 0.3% range even under imaginary infiltration timings. Due to its simplicity and accuracy, the proposed equation here should find application among hydrologists, natural resource scientists and engineers who desire to easily derive accurate estimations of the Green-Ampt infiltration model.