bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In VivoMulti-Day Calcium Imaging of CA1 Hippocampus in Freely Moving Rats Reveals a High Preponderance of Place Cells with Consistent Place Fields
Authors: Wirtshafter Hannah S. , Disterhoft John F. 
Published: May 2022

Calcium imaging using GCaMP indicators and miniature microscopes has been used to image cellular populations during long timescales and in different task phases, as well as to determine neuronal circuit topology and organization. Because the hippocampus (HPC) is essential for tasks of memory, spatial navigation, and learning, calcium imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can provide new insight on cell changes over time during these tasks. All reported HPCin vivocalcium imaging experiments have been done in mouse. However, rats have many behavioral and physiological experimental advantages over mice. In this paper, we present the first (to our knowledge)in vivocalcium imaging from CA1 HPC in freely moving male rats. Using the UCLA Miniscope, we demonstrate that, in rat, hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks. We show that calcium events in these cells are highly correlated with periods of movement, with few calcium events occurring during periods without movement. We additionally show that an extremely large percent of cells recorded during a navigational task are place cells (77.3 ± 5.0%, surpassing the percent seen during mouse calcium imaging), and that these cells enable accurate decoding of animal position and can be held over days with consistent place fields in a consistent spatial map. A detailed protocol is included, and implications of these advancements onin vivoimaging and place field literature are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn vivocalcium imaging in freely moving animals allows the visualization of cellular activity across days. In this paper, we present the firstin vivoCa2+ recording from CA1 hippocampus (HPC) in freely moving rats. We demonstrate that hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks, and that calcium activity corresponds to periods of movement. We show that a high percentage (77.3 ± 5.0%) of imaged cells are place cells, and that these place cells enable accurate decoding and can be held stably over days with little change in field location. Because the HPC is essential for many tasks involving memory, navigation, and learning, imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can shed new insight on cellular activity changes and organization.
Dopaminergic Modulation of Dynamic Emotion Perception
Authors: Schuster B. A. , Sowden S. , Rybicki A. J. , Fraser D. S. , Press C. , Holland P. , Cook J. L. 
Published: May 2022

Emotion recognition abilities are fundamental to our everyday social interaction. A large number of clinical populations show impairments in this domain, with emotion recognition atypicalities being particularly prevalent among disorders exhibiting a dopamine system disruption (e.g., Parkinson's disease). Although this suggests a role for dopamine in emotion recognition, studies employing dopamine manipulation in healthy volunteers have exhibited mixed neural findings and no behavioral modulation. Interestingly, while a dependence of dopaminergic drug effects on individual baseline dopamine function has been well established in other cognitive domains, the emotion recognition literature so far has failed to account for these possible interindividual differences. The present within-subjects study therefore tested the effects of the dopamine D2 antagonist haloperidol on emotion recognition from dynamic, whole-body stimuli while accounting for interindividual differences in baseline dopamine. A total of 33 healthy male and female adults rated emotional point-light walkers (PLWs) once after ingestion of 2.5 mg haloperidol and once after placebo. To evaluate potential mechanistic pathways of the dopaminergic modulation of emotion recognition, participants also performed motoric and counting-based indices of temporal processing. Confirming our hypotheses, effects of haloperidol on emotion recognition depended on baseline dopamine function, where individuals with low baseline dopamine showed enhanced, and those with high baseline dopamine decreased emotion recognition. Drug effects on emotion recognition were related to drug effects on movement-based and explicit timing mechanisms, indicating possible mediating effects of temporal processing. Results highlight the need for future studies to account for baseline dopamine and suggest putative mechanisms underlying the dopaminergic modulation of emotion recognition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA high prevalence of emotion recognition difficulties among clinical conditions where the dopamine system is affected suggests an involvement of dopamine in emotion recognition processes. However, previous psychopharmacological studies seeking to confirm this role in healthy volunteers thus far have failed to establish whether dopamine affects emotion recognition and lack mechanistic insights. The present study uncovered effects of dopamine on emotion recognition in healthy individuals by controlling for interindividual differences in baseline dopamine function and investigated potential mechanistic pathways via which dopamine may modulate emotion recognition. Our findings suggest that dopamine may influence emotion recognition via its effects on temporal processing, providing new directions for future research on typical and atypical emotion recognition.
Perceptual Uncertainty Alternates Top-down and Bottom-up Fronto-Temporal Network Signaling during Response Inhibition
Authors: Tsumura Kaho , Shintaki Reiko , Takeda Masaki , Chikazoe Junichi , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Jimura Koji 
Published: May 2022

Response inhibition is a primary executive control function that allows the withholding of inappropriate responses, and requires appropriate perception of the external environment to achieve a behavioral goal. It remains unclear, however, how response inhibition is achieved when goal-relevant information involves perceptual uncertainty. Twenty-six human participants of both sexes performed a go/no-go task where visually presented random-dot motion stimuli involved perceptual uncertainties. The right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) was involved in response inhibition, and the middle temporal (MT) region showed greater activity when dot motions involved less uncertainty. A neocortical temporal region in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) specifically showed greater activity during response inhibition in more perceptually certain trials. In this STS region, activity was greater when response inhibition was successful than when it failed. Directional effective connectivity analysis revealed that, in more coherent trials, the MT and STS regions showed enhanced connectivity to the rIFC, whereas in less coherent trials, the signal direction was reversed. These results suggest that a reversible fronto-temporal functional network guides response inhibition and perceptual decision-making under perceptual uncertainty, and in this network, perceptual information in the MT is converted to control information in the rIFC via STS, enabling achievement of response inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResponse inhibition refers to withholding inappropriate behavior and is important for achieving goals. Often, however, decision must be made based on limited environmental evidence. We showed that successful response inhibition is guided by a neocortical temporal region that plays a hub role in converting perceived information coded in a posterior temporal region to control information coded in the PFC. Interestingly, when a perceived stimulus becomes more uncertain, the PFC supplements stimulus encoding in the temporal regions. Our results highlight fronto-temporal mechanisms of response inhibition in which conversion of stimulus-control information is regulated based on the uncertainty of environmental evidence.
Use of a Neurometabolism-Targeting Drug in Prevention of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Kovalenko A. L. , Nagibovich O. A. , Vishnevsky A. Yu. , Belekhov G. A. , Gubaidullin R. R. , Popov D. V. , Agafiina A. S. 
Published: May 2022

Aim of the study: to evaluate the feasibility of preventing cognitive dysfunction after long-term surgery in elderly patients using an original neurometabolic succinate-containing drug. Material and methods. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial enrolled 200 patients aged 60–80 years who underwent elective cardiac or orthopedic surgery. The patients received either the study drug (inosine + nicotinamide + riboflavin + succinate) (treatment group, n = 101) or a placebo (control group, n = 99) intravenously for 7 days then orally for 25 days. Efficacy was assessed by the change in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) score at the end of the treatment course compared with the preoperative level. Results. Before surgery, the total MoCA score values did not differ between the groups. By the end of the treatment course (31 days after surgery), the MoCA total score was 26.4 ± 1.96 in the main group and 25.0 ± 2.83in the control group (P < 0.001). The intergroup difference in the mean change in the MoCA total score on day 31 was 1.56 points (95 % CI 1.015; 2.113; P < 0.0001) favoring the study drug in all randomized population. The lower limit of CI (1.015) exceeded the limit of superiority set by the protocol (0.97 points), which allowed acceptance of the hypothesis of superiority of the study drug over placebo with respect to the primary efficacy criterion. No significant differences in the frequency of adverse events were found between the groups. Conclusion. The succinate-containing study drug demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and helped to reduce the severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients who underwent a major surgery, which allows recommending the drug for prevention of postoperative cognitive impairment in high-risk patients.
Trophoblastic Disease: Review of the Literature
Authors: Launikonytė Gabrielė , Korsakaitė Klaudija , Bužinskienė Diana 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the most effective gestational trophoblastic disease diagnostic and treatment methods. Also, to introduce some of the novel treatment options currently being explored. A comprehensive research was carried out on scientific databases of MEDLINE and PubMed over the time period of 2014 to 2021. According to literature sources initial gestational trophoblastic disease diagnosis is multimodal: encompassing clinical features, quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin titers and pelvic ultrasonography. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, body computed tomography, chest radiography and angiography are the methods usually used for overall disease staging and metastases detection. The best treatment method is designated with reference to individual features of the patient and the disease. Conventional treatment consists of hysterectomy and chemotherapy; however, the use of new methods, such as directed enzyme prodrug therapy is also being attempted to cure metastasized and/or resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasias. Most women with gestational trophoblastic disease can be successfully managed with preservation of reproductive function due to early diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy. It is important to identify gestational trophoblastic disease promptly and adjust specific treatment for every patient properly to minimize various complications.
Xth Triennial Meeting of the Lithuanian Society of Coloproctologists
Authors: Samalavičius Narimantas Evaldas 
Published: May 2022

The Lithuanian Society of Coloproctologists X triennial meeting with International Conference Mayo Clinic days in Vilnius, Lithuanian–Turkish session and The International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons Session. Vilnius, May 12 - 13, 2022.
Self-Government Bodies in Russia: Formation and Development Policies
Authors: Babaeva Yulia , Lebedeva Margarita , Mikhaylenko Natalya , Olympiev Anatoly , Soloviev Andrey , Eriashvili Nodari 
Published: May 2022

The article aims at studying the legal nature and essence of local self-government bodies in the Russian Federation as exemplified by the theoretical and legal comprehension of the historical aspects of forming local self-government bodies. The article uses the methods of induction and systemic scientific analysis, as well as comparative-legal and historical methods. The authors of the article proved that the implementation of the principles of local self-government in the Russian state apparatus became effective since it is based on objective economic, political and social prerequisites and conditions. As a result, all cities and rural settlements became municipalities.Keywords: Local self-government; Constitution; Municipal authority; Municipal structure; Human rights. Badan Pemerintahan Lokal di Rusia: Kebijakan Pembentukan dan Pengembangan AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat hukum dan esensi dari badan-badan Pemerintahan Lokal di Federasi Rusia, sebagaimana yang dicontohkan oleh pemahaman teoretis dan hukum dari aspek-aspek sejarah pembentukan badan-badan pemerintahan lokal sendiri. Artikel ini menggunakan metode induksi dan analisis ilmiah sistemik, serta metode komparatif-hukum dan historis. Penulis artikel membuktikan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip pemerintahan lokal sendiri di aparatur negara Rusia menjadi efektif karena didasarkan pada prasyarat dan kondisi ekonomi, politik dan sosial yang objektif. Akibatnya, semua kota dan pemukiman pedesaan menjadi kotamadya.Kata Kunci: Pemerintahan Daerah Lokal; Konstitusi; Otoritas Kota; Struktur Kota; Hak Asasi Manusia.Органы местного самоуправления в России: Политика формирования и развития АннотацияСтатья направлена на изучение правовой природы и сущности органов местного самоуправления в Российской Федерации на примере теоретико-правового осмысления исторических аспектов формирования органов местного самоуправления. В статье используются методы индукции и системного научного анализа, а также сравнительно-правовой и исторический методы. Автор статьи доказал, что реализация принципов местного самоуправления в российском государственном аппарате стала эффективной, поскольку основывается на объективных экономических, политических и социальных предпосылках и условиях. В результате все города и сельские поселения стали муниципалитетами.Ключевые слова: Местное самоуправление; Конституция; Муниципальная власть; Муниципальное устройство; Права человека.
Vegetarian Diet, Growth, and Nutrition in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Elliott Laura J. , Keown-Stoneman Charles D.G. , Birken Catherine S. , Jenkins David J.A. , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Maguire Jonathon L. ,   on behalf of the TARGet KIDS! COLLABORATION
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationships between vegetarian diet and growth, micronutrient stores, and serum lipids among healthy children. Secondary objectives included exploring whether cow’s milk consumption or age modified these relationships.

METHODS
A longitudinal cohort study of children aged 6 months to 8 years who participated in the TARGet Kids! cohort study. Linear mixed-effect modeling was used to evaluate the relationships between vegetarian diet and BMI z-score (zBMI), height-for-age z-score, serum ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and serum lipids. Generalized estimating equation modeling was used to explore weight status categories. Possible effect modification by age and cow’s milk consumption was examined.

RESULTS
A total of 8907 children, including 248 vegetarian at baseline, participated. Mean age at baseline was 2.2 years (SD 1.5). There was no evidence of an association between vegetarian diet and zBMI, height-for-age z-score, serum ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or serum lipids. Children with vegetarian diet had higher odds of underweight (zBMI &lt;−2) (odds ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 2.96; P = .007) but no association with overweight or obesity was found. Cow’s milk consumption was associated with higher nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .03), total cholesterol (P = .04), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .02) among children with vegetarian diet. However, children with and without vegetarian diet who consumed the recommended 2 cups of cow’s milk per day had similar serum lipids.

CONCLUSIONS
Evidence of clinically meaningful differences in growth or biochemical measures of nutrition for children with vegetarian diet was not found. However, vegetarian diet was associated with higher odds of underweight.
Prevention and Management of High-Burden Noncommunicable Diseases in School-Age Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Reena P , Als Daina , Vaivada Tyler , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions requiring health care, education, social and community services, addressing prevention, treatment, and management. This review aimed to summarize and synthesize the available evidence on interventions from systematic reviews of high-burden NCDs and risk factors among school-aged children.

METHODS
The following databases were used for this research: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and the Campbell library. The search dates were from 2000 to 2021. We included systematic reviews that synthesized studies to evaluate intervention effectiveness in children aged 5 to 19 years globally. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality of included reviews using the AMSTAR 2 tool.

RESULTS
Fifty studies were included. Asthma had the highest number of eligible reviews (n = 19). Of the reviews reporting the delivery platform, 27% (n = 16) reported outpatient settings, 13% (n = 8) home and community-based respectively, and 8% (n = 5) school-based platforms. Included reviews primarily (69%) reported high-income country data. This may limit the results’ generalizability for school-aged children and adolescents in low- and middle- income countries.

CONCLUSIONS
School-aged children and adolescents affected by NCDs require access to quality care, treatment, and support to effectively manage their diseases into adulthood. Strengthening research and the capacity of countries, especially low- and middle- income countries, for early screening, risk education and management of disease are crucial for NCD prevention and control.
Digital Interventions for Universal Health Promotion in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oh Christina , Carducci Bianca , Vaivada Tyler , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESDigital media has been used mostly to deliver clinical treatments and therapies; however limited evidence evaluates digital interventions for health promotion. The objective of this review is to identify digital interventions for universal health promotion in school-aged children and adolescents globally.METHODSEligible articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, Medline, Ovid SP, The Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO regional databases, Google Scholar, and reference lists from 2000 to March 2021. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies evaluating interventions that promote health in school-aged children and adolescents (5–19.9 years) were included. Methods were conducted in duplicate. Where possible, data were pooled with a random-effects model.RESULTSSeventy-four studies were included (46 998 participants), of which 37 were meta-analyzed (19 312 participants). Interventions increased fruit and vegetable consumption (servings per day) (mean difference [MD] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21 to 1.04; studies = 6; P = .003; high quality of evidence), and probably reduced sedentary behavior (MD −19.62, 95% CI −36.60 to −2.65; studies = 6; P = .02; moderate quality of evidence), and body fat percentage (MD −0.35%, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.06; studies = 5; P = .02; low quality of evidence). The majority of studies were conducted in high-income countries and significant heterogeneity in design and methodology limit generalizability of results.CONCLUSIONSThere is great potential in digital platforms for universal health promotion; however, more robust methods and study designs are necessitated. Continued research should assess factors that limit research and program implementation in low- to middle-income countries.
Interventions Promoting Child Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in LMICs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fantaye Arone Wondwossen , Buh Amos Wung , Idriss-Wheeler Dina , Fournier Karine , Yaya Sanni 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVEMiddle childhood is a critical period for physical, social, behavioral, and cognitive changes. A positive and healthy sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) foundation can minimize SRHR risks, leading to better outcomes. Our objective is to identify effective educational interventions promoting or supporting the SRHR of school-age children in low and middle-income countries.DATA SOURCESMedline, Embase, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, ERIC, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Education Source, Web of Science, SciELO Citation Index, Global Health, and Sociological Abstract were searched from 2000 to December 2020.STUDY SELECTIONEligible articles had a sample mean age between 5 and 10 years, quantitatively tested the effects of educational interventions against a comparison group, and measured SRHR related outcomes.DATA EXTRACTIONData extracted from the 11 eligible articles were study methods, participant characteristics, interventions and comparisons, outcome measures, and results.RESULTSThe review found evidence of significant intervention effects on protective knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills for preventing sexual violence and HIV infection. The strongest evidence was for significant improvements in children’s knowledge of child sexual abuse prevention concepts and strategies.LIMITATIONSA meta-analysis could not be performed because most studies lacked randomization, included no information on the magnitude of effects, and had inadequate follow-up evaluations to truly assess retention. Only a few studies contributed to findings on protective attitudes, behaviors, and skills against child sexual abuse, gender-based violence, and human immunodeficiency virus infection, as well as physiologic outcome.CONCLUSIONSThe educational interventions demonstrated significant improvements in primary school children’s protective capacities, especially in their protective knowledge against sexual abuse.
Saberes docentes no ensino de crianças com deficiência dos Anos Iniciais: um estudo no município de Capão da Canoa
Authors: Dias Messerschmitt Taina Patricia , Forell Leandro 
Published: May 2022

O presente artigo aborda conteúdo sobre os saberes docentes no ensino de crianças com deficiência e tem o objetivo de compreender quais são as fontes de conhecimentos que orientam a prática pedagógica de docentes de uma escola pública do município de Capão da Canoa com alunos com deficiência. Ainda, é utilizado concepções de Maurice Tardif (2010) sobre saberes docentes para analisar e refletir acerca desse universo que compõe a prática pedagógica. A metodologia escolhida foi a qualitativa com abordagem descritiva que assume a forma de estudos causais comparativos/estudos post facto. O instrumento de coleta dos materiais foi uma entrevista semiestruturada elaborada para três docentes dos anos iniciais de uma escola regular que possuem estudantes com deficiência em suas turmas. A pesquisa revelou que uma forma das professoras buscarem por novos saberes para integrar à prática pedagógica com alunos com deficiência, está ancorada, principalmente, na experiência profissional de outros docentes, assim, o diálogo com professores que estudam sobre educação inclusiva e que trabalham na mesma escola, são uma forma de orientar a prática e originar novos saberes.
Palavras-chave:Saberes docentes; Educação inclusiva; Experiência profissional.