bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Rakibuzzaman AKM , Sazzad Faizus , Wadud Mohammad Armane , Gafur Md Abdul , Islam Shahnaz , Jahan Israt , Khan Md Azizul Islam , Sarker Rampada 
Published: January 2022

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) often occurs in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), both conventional and off pump ranges from 11% to 40%. Although often transient, self-limited, and benign, it may be associated with increased postoperative morbidity. The prevention of POAF has been associated with improved postoperative outcomes in terms of reduced medical treatment, laboratory tests, shorter nursing time, and hospital stay, even when uncomplicated. The present study was conducted to find out the effect of omega polyunsaturated fatty acid on the prevention of POAF after off pump CABG.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, between September 2017 and August 2018. Total 100 patients with sinus rhythm admitted for OPCAB were included in this study, and they were divided into two groups, Group A, 50 patients having omega-3 PUFA in the preoperative and postoperative period up to the fifth postoperative day (POD) and Group B, 50 patients not having omega-3 PUFA in the preoperative and postoperative period up to the fifth POD. Findings were compared between two groups preoperatively, postoperatively, up to 5 days, at discharge, and at one month after discharge.
Results: Postoperative AF was significantly higher in group B in comparison to group A up to 5th POD. AF was present in a few patients during discharge and one month after discharge, but the differences were statistically not significant between groups. Total ICU stay was similar between the two groups, but the postoperative hospital stay was shorter in Group A, and the mean difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study concluded that perioperative oral omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake reduces the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 36-43
Association of Diabetic Retinopathy with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Non- ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Amin Heru Al , Choudhury Amal Kumar , Ahsan Syed Ali , Dutta Bijoy , Hossain Mujtahid Mohammad , Alam Nur , Uddin Kofil , Saha Partha Pratim 
Published: January 2022

Background: Bed side ophthalmoscopic examination is a simple measure of diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and has been shown to be a predictor of poor outcome in various cardiovascular conditions including coronary artery disease (CAD). Retinopathy lesions are fairly common findings in clinic settings and may predict risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study was intended to find the relationship between diabetic retinopathy with the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with NSTEMI.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2019 to August 2020. A total of 120 DM with NSTEMI patients undergoing coronary angiogram and also fundoscopic examination with fundal photography during the index hospitalization were included in this study. Study subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of diabetic retinopathy (Group-I: NSTEMI with diabetic retinopathy ; Group- II: NSTEMI without diabetic retinopathy). Severity of coronary artery disease was determined by Gensini score and correlation between diabetic retinopathy and Gensini score was assessed.
Results: Gensini score was significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy than that in patients without diabetic retinopathy (62.2±27.7 vs. 43.3±25.3,p<0.001).Gensini score increased with increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy(P <0.001).The risk of having severe CAD in patient with diabetic retinopathy was 13.03 (95% CI =2.410-70.419) (P<0.003).A significant correlation between diabetic retinopathy and Gensini score was noted (p value <0.001)
Conclusion: It may be concluded that presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy is associated with angiographically severe coronary artery disease in patient with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and it may be considered as an independent predictor of severity of CAD. As is a bed side assessment, so before performing coronary angiography ,it appears to be additive for risk stratification.
University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 50-53
Effect of Intravenous Fentanyl to Prevent Radial Artery Spasm During Trans Radial Intervention
Authors: Saha Partha Pratim , Choudhury Amal Kumar , Ahsan Syed Ali , Momen Abdul , Patwary Shafiqur Rahman , Alam Nur , Uddin Kofil , Sarkar Pritha , Amin Heru Al 
Published: January 2022

Background: Radial artery spasm (RAS), one of the commonest complications in trans radial cardiac intervention, leads a variety range of adverse events. Different prevention strategies had been introduced and the use of sedation is one of them. Use of Fentanyl is common in cardiac interventions to achieve sedation and analgesia and also offers a potent vasodilatory effect. Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of fentanyl in the prevention of RAS in trans radial intervention.
Methods: This observational analytic study was conducted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) for a period of 1 year following approval of the protocol in the total of 260 patients who underwent coronary intervention through trans radial approach (Coronary Angiogram and or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). They were categorized in 2 group- group I patients received intravenous fentanyl and group II patients didn’t receive fentanyl. Besides this, each patient received all treatments according to standard protocol of NICVD. RAS was identified by subjective and objective evidence. Patient is discomfort was quantified with a visual analogue scale.
Results: The frequency of RAS was 17.70% in group I versus 30.80% in group II (p =0.014). Intravenous use of fentanyl significantly reduced radial artery spasm (p< 0.05). Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed use of fentanyl had lower odds to prevent radial artery spasm (odds ratio [OR]: 0.430, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.239 to 0.779). The number needed to treat to avoid 1 case of spasm was 8. Multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed use of fentanyl was the strong predictor of RAS ([OR]: 0.370; 95% [CI]: .195-.703) as well as use of reprocessed sheath, smoking, catheter diameter 6Fr and visual analogue scale (VAS) Score during cannulation became independent predictaor of RAS. Patient discomfort in VAS score was 4.75±2.70 in Group I versus 5.33±2.64 in group II (p< 0 .05).
Conclusion: In this study, use of fentanyl reduced the frequency of radial artery spasm and the procedure related level of patient discomfort.
University Heart Journal 2022; 18(1): 54-60
Analysis of 5-Methylcytosine Regulators and DNA Methylation-Driven Genes in Colon Cancer
Authors: Du Cheng , Liu XinLi , Li Mingwei , Zhao Yi , Li Jie , Wen Zhikang , Liu Min , Yang Meina , Fu Boshi , Wei Minjie 
Published: January 2022

Background: Epigenetic-driven events are important molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The 5-methylcytosine (5mC) regulators play important roles in the methylation-driven gene expression. However, the effect of the 5mC regulators on the oncogenic pathways in colon cancer (CC) remains unclear. Also, the clinical value of such epigenetic-driven events needs further research.Methods: The transcriptome and matching epigenetic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. The gene set variation analysis identified the oncogenic pathways adjusted by 5mC regulators. The “edgeR” and “methylmix” package identified the differential expression genes of DNA methylation-driven genes. The correlation between 5mC regulators or transcription factors and shortlisted genes was investigated by calculating the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Among them, the genes related to diagnosis were screened out based on differential gene expression in extracellular vesicles (EVs) by the “limma” package and histology by immunohistochemistry. Then, a risk signature was constructed by fitting the generalized linear model and validated by the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results: MYC targets pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–AKT–mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were identified as the hallmark-related pathways associated with 5mC regulators. Also, the P53 pathway was subject to the influence of regulators' expression. A five methylation-driven gene signature (FIRRE, MYBL2, TGFBI, AXIN2, and SLC35D3) was developed as the biomarker for CC diagnosis. Meanwhile, those genes positively related to 5mC regulators and interacted with their relevant or transcription factors.Conclusion: In general, 5mC regulators are positively related to each other and DNA methylation-driven genes, with the relationship of multiple active and inhibitory pathways related to cancer. Meanwhile, the signature (FIRRE, MYBL2, TGFBI, AXIN2, and SLC35D3) can prefigure prospective diagnosis in CC.
Noncoding RNAs in Drug Resistance of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Li Jiehan , Guo Shuning , Sun Zhenqiang , Fu Yang 
Published: January 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tracts and a model for the targeted therapy of solid tumors because of the oncogenic driver mutations in KIT and PDGDRA genes, which could be effectively inhibited by the very first targeted agent, imatinib mesylate. Most of the GIST patients could benefit a lot from the targeted treatment of this receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, more than 50% of the patients developed resistance within 2 years after imatinib administration, limiting the long-term effect of imatinib. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), the non-protein coding transcripts of human, were demonstrated to play pivotal roles in the resistance of various chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of how ncRNAs functioning on the drug resistance in GIST. During the drug resistance of GIST, there were five regulating mechanisms where the functions of ncRNAs concentrated: oxidative phosphorylation, autophagy, apoptosis, drug target changes, and some signaling pathways. Also, these effects of ncRNAs in drug resistance were divided into two aspects. How ncRNAs regulate drug resistance in GIST was further summarized according to ncRNA types, different drugs and categories of resistance. Moreover, clinical applications of these ncRNAs in GIST chemotherapies concentrated on the prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
On-The-Fly Kinetics of the Hydrogen Abstraction by Hydroperoxyl Radical: An Application of the Reaction Class Transition State Theory
Authors: Baradyn Maciej , Ratkiewicz Artur 
Published: January 2022

A Reaction Class Transition State Theory (RC-TST) is applied to calculate thermal rate constants for hydrogen abstraction by OOH radical from alkanes in the temperature range of 300–2500 K. The rate constants for the reference reaction C2H6 + ∙OOH → ∙C2H5 + H2O2, is obtained with the Canonical Variational Transition State Theory (CVT) augmented with the Small Curvature Tunneling (SCT) correction. The necessary parameters were obtained from M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ data for a training set of 24 reactions. Depending on the approximation employed, only the reaction energy or no additional parameters are needed to predict the RC-TST rates for other class representatives. Although each of the reactions can in principle be investigated at higher levels of theory, the approach provides a nearly equally reliable rate constant at a fraction of the cost needed for larger and higher level calculations. The systematic error is smaller than 50% in comparison with high level computations. Satisfactory agreement with literature data, augmented by the lack of necessity of tedious and time consuming transition state calculations, facilitated the seamless application of the proposed methodology to the Automated Reaction Mechanism Generators (ARMGs) programs.
Case Report: Three-Dimensional Printing–Assisted Surgical Treatment of Complex Body Vein Ectopic Drainage
Authors: Wei Luyao , Sun Guowen , Wu Qin , Zhang Weizhi , Tang Mi , Zhao Tianli , Hu Shijun 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionComplex ectopic drainage of body veins is a rare congenital disease. Its preoperative diagnosis and surgical choice can be considerable challenges.Case SummaryA 5-year-old patient was diagnosed precisely by preoperative transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and three-dimensional (3D) printing of the heart and great blood vessels. The operation was performed successfully using flexible intraoperative intubation strategies.Conclusion3D printing technology can assist in the formulation of surgical protocols for complex body vein ectopic drainage. Flexible intubation strategies can increase the success of the operation.
Assessment of the Impact of Higher Temperatures Due to Climate Change on the Mortality Risk Indexes in Ecuador Until 2070
Authors: Montenegro M. , Campozano L. , Urdiales-Flores D. , Maisincho L. , Serrano-Vincenti S. , Borbor-Cordova M. J. 
Published: January 2022

Extreme weather conditions, including intense heat stress due to higher temperatures, could trigger an increase in mortality risk. One way to evaluate the increase in mortality risk due to higher temperatures is the high risk warming (HRW) index, which evaluates the difference between the future and base period of a given percentile of daily maximum temperature (Tmax). Another is to calculate the future increase in the number of days over the temperature of such percentile, named high risk days (HRD) index. Previous studies point to the 84th percentile as the optimum temperature. Thus, this study aims to evaluate HRW and HRD indexes in Ecuador from 2011 to 2070 over the three natural climate zones, e.g., Coast, Andes, and Amazon. This climate analysis is based on historical data from meteorological stations and projections from CSIRO-MK36, GISS-E2, and IPSL-CM5A-MR, CMIP5 global climate models with dynamical scale reduction through weather research forecasting (WRF). The representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 8.5, were considered, which are related to the highest increases in future temperature. The results indicate that HRW and HRD will experience a larger increase in the period 2041–2070 compared with the period 1980–2005; in particular, these two indices will have a progressively increasing trend from 2011 onward. Specifically, the HRW calculated from the CMIP5 models for all stations is expected to grow from 0.6°C to 1.4°C and 1.8°C to 4.6°C for 2010–2040 and 2041–2070, respectively. Also, it is expected that the HRD for all stations will increase from 42 to 74 and 120 to 227 warming days for 2011–2040 and 2041–2070, respectively. The trends derived using Sen’s slope test show an increase in the HRW between 0.5°C and 0.9°C/decade and of the HRD between 2.88 and 4.9 days/decade since 1985. These results imply a high increase in heat-related mortality risks related to climate change in Ecuador. In terms of spatial distribution, three Ecuadorian regions experienced more critical temperature conditions with higher values of HRW and HRD for 2070. As a response to the increased frequency trends of warming periods in tropical areas, urgent measures should be taken to review public policies and legislation to mitigate the impacts of heat as a risk for human health in Ecuador.
Spermine Regulates Immune and Signal Transduction Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wei Can , Sun Mengting , Liang Xiao , Che Bingbing , Wang Ningning , Shi Lili , Fan Ying 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific form of cardiomyopathy that is independent of coronary artery disease and hypertension. Exploring the transcriptomics of DCM is of great significance for understanding the biology of the disease and for guiding new therapeutic targets for the potential therapeutic effect of spermine (SPM).Methods and ResultsBy using a mouse DCM model, we analyzed the transcriptome of the myocardium, before/after treatment with SPM. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified 1,318 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 636 being upregulated and 682 being downregulated in DCM compared to control check (CK). We then identified 1,393 DEGs, with 887 being upregulated and 506 being downregulated in SPM compared to DCM. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes And Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune system and signal transduction-related pathways. UpSet Venn analysis showed that 174 DEGs in DCM could be reversed by SPM, with 45 candidates related to immune system and related signal transduction pathways. Trend analysis demonstrated the dynamic changes in gene levels in DCM and SPM treatment, shown as 49 immune and signal transduction-related candidates were significantly enriched in some classical pathways, such as complement and coagulation cascades and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. To further reveal the protective mechanism of SPM to DCM, we predicted 14 overlapped transcription factors (TFs) and their co-factors involved in gene transcription regulation and showed gene interaction with Cytoscape.ConclusionThe biomarkers and canonical pathways identified in this study may hold the key to understanding the mechanisms of DCM pathobiology and providing new targets for the therapeutic effect of SPM against DCM by targeting abnormal immune response and signal transduction.
Genetic Susceptibility Toward Nausea and Vomiting in Surgical Patients
Authors: Gloor Yvonne , Czarnetzki Christoph , Curtin François , Gil-Wey Béatrice , Tramèr Martin R. , Desmeules Jules A. 
Published: January 2022

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequently occurring adverse effects following surgical procedures. Despite predictive risk scores and a pallet of prophylactic antiemetic treatments, it is still estimated to affect around 30% of the patients, reducing their well-being and increasing the burden of post-operative care. The aim of the current study was to characterize selected genetic risk factors of PONV to improve the identification of at risk patients. We genotyped 601 patients followed during the first 24 h after surgery for PONV symptoms in the absence of any antiemetic prophylaxis. These patients were recruited in the frame of a randomized, placebo controlled clinical study aiming to test the efficacy of dexamethasone as a treatment of established PONV. We examined the impact of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located around 13 different genes and the predicted activity of 6 liver drug metabolizing enzymes from the cytochromes P450 family (CYP) on the occurrence and recurrence of PONV. Our genetic study confirms the importance of genetic variations in the type 3B serotonin receptor in the occurrence of PONV. Our modelling shows that integration of rs3782025 genotype in preoperative risk assessments may help improve the targeting of antiemetic prophylaxis towards patients at risk of PONV.
Evaluation of the Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes in China
Authors: Cai Meng-Ting , Qiao Song , Lai Qi-Lun , Zheng Yang , Yang Fan , Fang Gao-Li , Shen Chun-Hong , Zhang Yin-Xi , Ding Mei-Ping 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundRecently, the paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) diagnostic criteria have received a major update with a new score system over the past 16 years. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical utility in China.MethodsAn eligible cohort of 113 Chinese patients diagnosed with PNSs from the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University and published data were enrolled retrospectively. Data including clinical phenotype, antibody type, the presence of cancer, and duration of follow-up were reviewed and re-evaluated to classify the diagnostic levels for the 2004 and 2021 PNS criteria. The performances of these 2 criteria were compared. The critical parameters of antibody and cancer for the updated criteria were further explored.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 69 males and 44 females with a median age of 60 years. Limbic encephalitis (23, 20.4%), anti-Hu antibody (32, 28.3%), and small-cell lung cancer (32, 28.3%) were the most common clinical phenotype, detected antibody, and concomitant cancer, respectively. A total of 97 (85.8%) patients were diagnosed with definite PNS according to the 2004 criteria: only 42.3% (41/97) fulfilled the 2021 criteria, while the remaining 40, 14, and 2 re-diagnosed with probable PNS, possible PNS, and non-PNS. The requirement of cancers consistent with antibody and phenotype increased the specificity and thus greatly enhanced the accuracy of the 2021 criteria.ConclusionThe updated criteria for PNS emphasized the consistency between cancer phenotype and antibody and showed a better diagnostic value. A better diagnostic yield could benefit disease management.
Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Dosimetry of an 89Zr Labelled Anti-PDL1 in an Orthotopic Lung Cancer Murine Model
Authors: Krache Anis , Fontan Charlotte , Pestourie Carine , Bardiès Manuel , Bouvet Yann , Payoux Pierre , Chatelut Etienne , White-Koning Melanie , Salabert Anne-Sophie 
Published: January 2022

Anti-PDL1 is a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed death-cell ligand (PD-L1) by blocking the programmed death-cell (PD-1)/PD-L1 axis. It restores the immune system response in several tumours, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Anti-PDL1 or anti-PD1 treatments rely on PD-L1 tumoural expression assessed by immunohistochemistry on biopsy tissue. However, depending on the biopsy extraction site, PD-L1 expression can vary greatly. Non-invasive imaging enables whole-body mapping of PD-L1 sites and could improve the assessment of tumoural PD-L1 expression.MethodsPharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution and dosimetry of a murine anti-PDL1 radiolabelled with zirconium-89, were evaluated in both healthy mice and immunocompetent mice with lung cancer. Preclinical PET (μPET) imaging was used to analyse [89Zr]DFO-Anti-PDL1 distribution in both groups of mice. Non-compartmental (NCA) and compartmental (CA) PK analyses were performed in order to describe PK parameters and assess area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for dosimetry evaluation in humans.ResultsOrgan distribution was correctly estimated using PK modelling in both healthy mice and mice with lung cancer. Tumoural uptake occurred within 24 h post-injection of [89Zr]DFO-Anti-PDL1, and the best imaging time was at 48 h according to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image quality. An in vivo blocking study confirmed that [89Zr]DFO-anti-PDL1 specifically targeted PD-L1 in CMT167 lung tumours in mice. AUC in organs was estimated using a 1-compartment PK model and extrapolated to human (using allometric scaling) in order to estimate the radiation exposure in human. Human-estimated effective dose was 131 μSv/MBq.ConclusionThe predicted dosimetry was similar or lower than other antibodies radiolabelled with zirconium-89 for immunoPET imaging.