bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-principles study of the crystal structure, electronic and optical properties of Cu2O1-xMx (M = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Zhou Bao , Luo Liang , Zhang Yiqi , Hu Yongmao , Xie Zaixin , Duan Zhuoqi , Yang Xiaobo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cu2O has the advantages of low price, stable chemical properties, and high visible light absorption rate. It is a very promising hole transport material in solar cells. However, the pure phase Cu2O has a low hole transport rate, which can be improved it by means of doping or something else. In this paper, based on the first-principles, the performance of different amounts of S, Se, and Te doped Cu2O are calculated, it is found that the Te-doped Cu2O performance is pronounced, with the energy gap reduction (1.871 eV), there appear free electron generating, the valence band maximum enables energy level is matched (−5.463 eV), and the absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet and visible range improved, nearly 103.07% at 3.26 eV, the reflectance increased to, for the point 11.7 eV, 76%, and the loss function value is very small in the visible light region (less than 0.1).
A study on numerical simulation optimization of perovskite solar cell based on CuI and C60
Authors: Qirong Zhao , Bao Zhou , Yongmao Hu , Liang Luo , Zhuoqi Duan , Zaixin Xie , Xiaobo Yang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The feasibility of CuI and C60 as hole transport layer and electron transport layer in the perovskite solar cell is tested by using the software Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). It is found that the thicknesses of the absorption layer, electron transport layer and hole transport layer, and the Interface Density of Defect State of their interface have a key influence on the efficiency of the perovskite solar cells. After optimization, the efficiency was as twice as that before, 22.70% to 11.62%, and the fill factor can still be at a high value, 76%.
High anti-arc erosion performance of the Al2O3 reinforced Cu@W composites for high voltage circuit-breaker contacts
Authors: Ding Yi , Geng Jin Feng , Du Jun Li , Wei Shu Heng , Zhu Zhi Xiang , Han Yu , Xia Dawei , Xie Wei , Chen Xin , Ma Fei Yue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High voltage circuit-breakers with superior performance are demanded as the transmission distance extends and voltage rises, which are often subject to high current and voltage surges. Commercial circuit-breaker contacts are conventionally manufactured with CuW alloy by infiltration method, limiting their performance improvement in withstanding current (or voltage) and lifespan. In this paper, we optimize the microstructure and component of Al2O3 reinforced Cu@W80 composites (Al2O3/Cu@W80), which fabricates the Cu@W powder first by chemical coating and the composites by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The composites exhibit enhanced hardness (maximum value up to 273 HV) due to the addition of Al2O3 powder and a more homogeneous and refined tungsten phase compared to the CuW counterpart. Moreover, the dispersed Al2O3 particles with low work function become the preferred ablation phase and guide the electrical arcs, further improving the anti-arc erosion performance of Al2O3/Cu@W80. Our findings suggest that the Al2O3/Cu@W80 composite with optimized components could be potentially used as a candidate for high-voltage circuit-breaker contacts.
First-principles study on the atomic structure of two-dimensional molybdenum boride
Authors: Ma Linlin , Cheng Chao , Zhang Xin , Wang Shaoqing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In recent years two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research due to their excellent physical properties in thermoelectricity and superconductivity, etc. This interest led to both a new wave of research on known 2D materials, such as transition metal nitrides (MXene), and the discovery of many new 2D materials. Recently, the 2D metal borides Mo4/3B2−x with ordered metal vacancies were successfully synthesized. However, variable atomic structures were experimentally observed in the specimen, suggesting that more than one structure exists in this 2D material. Therefore, in this work, the stabilities of molybdenum boride with different Mo content are examined employing first-principles calculation based on the density functional theory. The binding energies of different molybdenum boride models are calculated and analyzed, and the effect of the Mo content on their stability was investigated. The chemical bonding properties are also analyzed via electron localization functions, which further answer why the experimentally synthesized molybdenum borides would have different atomic structures.
An active visual monitoring method for GMAW weld surface defects based on random forest model
Authors: Zhu Caixia , Yuan Haitao , Ma Guohong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the automatic manufacturing of robotic welding, real-time monitoring of weld quality is a difficult problem. Meanwhile, due to volatilization of zinc vapor in galvanized steel and complexity of welding process, the existence of welding defects greatly affects industrial production process. And real-time detection of welding defects is a key step in development of intelligent welding. To realize real-time monitoring of weld surface defects, an active visual monitoring method for weld surface defects is proposed. Firstly, after applying Gabor filter to remove interference signals such as arc and noise, obtain weld centerline image; then employ the slope analysis method to extract peak valley coefficient of weld defects, extract five feature points of weld surface quality by Douglas-Puke algorithm, and analyse geometric and spatial distribution features of different types of defects in weld laser stripe images. Finally, using eight feature vectors extracted from weld features, design a weld defect recognition random forest model based on decision tree. After optimizing the decision tree depth and number of model evaluators, compared with the traditional decision tree ID3 and CART algorithm model, this model has better performance than traditional machine learning algorithms on five weld surface defect data sets. The experimental results show that accuracy of weld defect identification in the training set is 99.26%, accuracy of weld defect recognition in the test set is 96%, and processing time of a single image is only 5.3 ms, which overcomes difficulty of real-time weld defect detection in intelligent welding and ensures real-time and accuracy.
Large odd order character sums and improvements of the Pólya-Vinogradov inequality
Authors: Lamzouri Youness , Mangerel Alexander 
Published: March 2022

For a primitive Dirichlet character

χ
\chi

modulo

q
q

, we define

M
(
χ
)
=

max

t

|

∑

n
≤
t

χ
(
n
)

|

M(\chi )=\max _{t } |\sum _{n \leq t} \chi (n)|

. In this paper, we study this quantity for characters of a fixed odd order

g
≥
3

g\geq 3

. Our main result provides a further improvement of the classical Pólya-Vinogradov inequality in this case. More specifically, we show that for any such character

χ
\chi

we have

M
(
χ
)

≪

ε

q

(
log
⁡
q

)

1
−

δ
g

(
log
⁡
log
⁡
q

)

−
1

/

4
+
ε

,

\begin{equation*} M(\chi )\ll _{\varepsilon } \sqrt {q}(\log q)^{1-\delta _g}(\log \log q)^{-1/4+\varepsilon }, \end{equation*}

where

δ
g

≔
1
−

g
π

sin
⁡
(
π

/

g
)

\delta _g ≔1-\frac {g}{\pi }\sin (\pi /g)

. This improves upon the works of Granville and Soundararajan [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 20 (2007), pp. 357–384] and of Goldmakher [Algebra Number Theory 6 (2012), pp. 123–163]. Furthermore, assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH) we prove that

M
(
χ
)
≪

q

(

log
2

⁡
q
)

1
−

δ
g

(

log
3

⁡
q
)

−

1
4

(

log
4

⁡
q
)

O
(
1
)

,

\begin{equation*} M(\chi ) \ll \sqrt {q} \left (\log _2 q\right )^{1-\delta _g} \left (\log _3 q\right )^{-\frac {1}{4}}\left (\log _4 q\right )^{O(1)}, \end{equation*}

where

log
j

\log _j

is the

j
j

-th iterated logarithm. We also show unconditionally that this bound is best possible (up to a power of

log
4

⁡
q

\log _4 q

). One of the key ingredients in the proof of the upper bounds is a new Halász-type inequality for logarithmic mean values of completely multiplicative functions, which might be of independent interest.
Automated Office Blood Pressure and the Impact of Attendance and Rest on Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Green Beverly B , Anderson Melissa L , Cook Andrea J , Ehrlich Kelly , Hall Yoshio N , Margolis Karen L , Thompson Matthew J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Automated office blood pressure (AOBP) using 3–5 measurements taken with an oscillometric device with or without an attendant in the room may decrease “white coat” effect. We evaluated the impact of the presence or absence of the attendant and rest on BP and diagnosis of hypertension.

Methods
We randomly assigned 133 adults aged 18–85 with high BP at baseline (≥140/90 mm Hg), no hypertensive diagnosis and no antihypertensive medications to either attended AOBP first, unattended second, or unattended AOBP first, attended second. Outcomes included within-person BP difference for attended vs. unattended measurements; 5 vs. 15 minutes of rest; and the diagnostic performance of AOBP compared with daytime automated blood pressure measurement (ABPM).

Results
We found no significant differences between attended and unattended AOBP (mean difference attended − unattended [95% confidence interval, CI], systolic 0.14 mm Hg [−0.78, 1.06]; diastolic 0.16 mm Hg [−0.45, 0.78]) or by rest time (mean difference 15 − 5 minutes [95% CI], systolic −0.45 mm Hg [−1.36, 0.47]; diastolic 0.61 mm Hg [−1.23, 0.003]). AOBP was lower than mean daytime ABPM, regardless of attendance or rest (after 5 minutes rest systolic −3.6 and diastolic −2.55 mm Hg, P = 0.001 for both comparisons). Using daytime ABPM of ≥135/85 mm Hg as the diagnostic threshold, AOBP sensitivity and specificity after 5 minutes of rest were 71.0% and 54.1%, respectively.

Conclusions
The presence or absence of a clinic attendant during AOBP measurement and the amount of rest time before AOBP measurements had no effects on BP. AOBP measurements have low sensitivity and specificity for making a new diagnosis of hypertension.
JSNMF enables effective and accurate integrative analysis of single-cell multiomics data
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Sun Zexuan , Zeng Pengcheng , Zhang Wenyu , Lin Zhixiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The single-cell multiomics technologies provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the cellular heterogeneity from different layers of transcriptional regulation. However, the datasets generated from these technologies tend to have high levels of noise, making data analysis challenging. Here, we propose jointly semi-orthogonal nonnegative matrix factorization (JSNMF), which is a versatile toolkit for the integrative analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic data profiled from the same cell. JSNMF enables data visualization and clustering of the cells and also facilitates downstream analysis, including the characterization of markers and functional pathway enrichment analysis. The core of JSNMF is an unsupervised method based on JSNMF, where it assumes different latent variables for the two molecular modalities, and integrates the information of transcriptomic and epigenomic data with consensus graph fusion, which better tackles the distinct characteristics and levels of noise across different molecular modalities in single-cell multiomics data. We applied JSNMF to single-cell multiomics datasets from different tissues and different technologies. The results demonstrate the superior performance of JSNMF in clustering and data visualization of the cells. JSNMF also allows joint analysis of multiple single-cell multiomics experiments and single-cell multiomics data with more than two modalities profiled on the same cell. JSNMF also provides rich biological insight on the markers, cell-type-specific region–gene associations and the functions of the identified cell subpopulation.
Efficacy and Safety of Maintenance Ustekinumab for Ulcerative Colitis Through 3 Years: UNIFI Long-term Extension
Authors: Abreu Maria T , Rowbotham David S , Danese Silvio , Sandborn William J , Miao Ye , Zhang Hongyan , Tikhonov Ilia , Panaccione Remo , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Scherl Ellen J , Leong Rupert W , Arasaradnam Ramesh P , Afif Waqqas , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Sands Bruce E , Marano Colleen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe UNIFI long-term extension [LTE] study reports the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous 90 mg ustekinumab through 3 years of maintenance therapy.MethodsPatients randomised to ustekinumab every 12 weeks [q12w] or every 8 weeks [q8w] at maintenance baseline [N = 348] and randomised ustekinumab-treated patients in the LTE [N = 284] were evaluated. Symptomatic remission [Mayo stool frequency = 0/1, rectal bleeding = 0] was assessed. Safety included all LTE patients [N = 188 placebo and N = 457 ustekinumab].ResultsAmong patients randomised to the ustekinumab q12w and q8w groups at maintenance baseline, 54.1% and 56.3% achieved symptomatic remission at Week 152, respectively. Overall, 20% of patients discontinued ustekinumab, 10% of biologic-naïve and 30% of biologic-exposed patients. Among patients in symptomatic remission at Year 3, 94.6% and 98.0% of patients were also corticosteroid free, respectively. Corticosteroid-free symptomatic remission rates in the ustekinumab q12w and q8w groups were 51.2% and 55.1% at Week 152, respectively. Remission rates were higher for biologic-naïve patients than for those with a history of biologic failure. Biochemical evidence of response was demonstrated by stable, decreased C-reactive protein and faecal calprotectin measurements over 3 years. From Weeks 96 to 156, no deaths, major adverse cardiovascular events, or tuberculosis occurred. Nasopharyngitis, ulcerative colitis, and upper respiratory tract infection were most frequently reported. One ustekinumab-treated patient with a history of basal cell carcinoma [BCC] reported two BCCs. One patient in the q8w ustekinumab group, who was receiving concomitant 6-mercaptopurine, experienced serious adverse events of neutropenic sepsis and oral herpes.ConclusionsEfficacy of ustekinumab in patients with ulcerative colitis was confirmed through 3 years. No new safety signals were observed.
The rotational position of the aortic valve: implications for valve-sparing aortic root replacement
Authors: Oishi Kiyotoshi , Arai Hirokuni , Oi Keiji , Nagaoka Eiki , Yashima Masafumi , Fujiwara Tatsuki , Takeshita Masashi , Mizuno Tomohiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
There are few reports on the rotational position of the aortic valve relative to the base of the left ventricle, and its influence on valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSRR) has not been reported. Based on our experience with complications such as right atrial perforation and tricuspid valve injury, we investigated the cause of these complications in terms of morphological variations in the aortic root and its surrounding structures.

METHODS
The aortic valve rotation relative to the base of the left ventricle was assessed in 30 patients with tri-leaflet aortic valves who underwent VSRR. The influence of such anatomical variations on surgical procedures was investigated.

RESULTS
The aortic valve was positioned normally in 25 patients (83.3%), rotated counterclockwise in 4 (13.3%), and rotated clockwise in 1 patient (3.3%). In patients with a counterclockwise rotated aortic valve, the non-coronary sinus was the largest compared with other sinuses. This aortic valve rotation could be diagnosed by multidetector row computed tomography. In all patients who had difficulty in the external dissection of the right sinus of Valsalva, the aortic valve was counterclockwise rotated and forcible dissection had a risk of right atrial perforation and tricuspid valve injury.

CONCLUSIONS
Aortic valve rotation is an element that complicates VSRR. The rotational position of the aortic valve can be diagnosed preoperatively using multidetector row computed tomography and understanding the anatomy of the aortic valve related to rotational position help decide proper surgical decision-making in performing aortic root reconstruction procedure.
Living Arrangements and Intergenerational Support in Puerto Rico: Are Fathers Disadvantaged?
Authors: Quashie Nekehia T , Andrade Flavia C D , Meltzer Gabriella , García Catherine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To examine how intergenerational support varies by parents’ living arrangements and whether there are gender differences in received support in Puerto Rico.

Methods
Data come from the 2006–2007 Puerto Rican Elderly and Health Conditions Project, a representative longitudinal study of adults aged 60 and older in Puerto Rico (n = 2,288). We examined the association between parents’ living arrangements (alone, with spouse/partner only, with children) and their receipt of functional (help with errands/housework/transport) and health (help when sick) support from children, and whether parents’ gender moderates the association.

Results
Intergenerational coresidence was associated with higher odds of receiving functional and health support than living alone. Women were more likely than men to receive both forms of support. Parents’ gender significantly moderated the association between living arrangements and receiving health support—men living with their partners were less likely to receive health support from children than women in similar living arrangements. These associations persisted when analyses were restricted to those with disability.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that parents’ receipt of support from children is conditioned upon their living arrangement and gender, even when their functional health is jeopardized. We discuss these results in relation to the heterogeneous influence of living arrangements for older adults’ support needs and provide suggestions for policy and directions for future research in rapidly aging Puerto Rico.
The Vave campaign: impact evaluation of a cancer awareness raising multi-media campaign in Samoa
Authors: Sofija Ernesta , Harris Neil , Cuesta-Briand Beatriz , Spratling Tim , Burich Shelley 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Cancer is a leading cause of premature death and disability in Samoa. Recognizing the importance of symptom awareness and early detection, the Samoa Cancer Society (SCS) developed the ‘Vave’ (quickly) campaign as the first multi-media cancer awareness campaign in Samoa. The campaign adopted a three-pronged community engagement approach including mass media; printed resources; and community outreach at culturally appropriate locations including churches, villages and schools. The campaign promoted three key messages: detect signs and symptoms quickly; quickly see a doctor; and quickly call SCS. To measure impact, data were collected using several methods around the outreach education sessions (pre- and post-surveys), campaign recall (survey) and Vave-related enquiries received by SCS. The findings revealed the campaign was effective in increasing awareness of cancer and importance of early detection demonstrated through community recall of campaign messages, increased enquiries to SCS and improved knowledge. However, it is of note that almost 30% of campaign recall respondents stated they were unsure or would not see a doctor if concerned about a sign of cancer. The reasons given being a lack of knowledge, lack of trust in hospitals and preference for traditional healing. This suggests more targeted culturally sensitive strategies are needed including partnering with traditional healers. Further, advocacy efforts are needed to address the structural barriers to cancer detection and treatment together with continuing education around causes and symptoms of cancer targeting the hard-to-reach communities in Samoa.
Social media-assisted interventions on human papillomavirus and vaccination-related knowledge, intention and behavior: a scoping review
Authors: Li Danyi , Fu Linyun , Yang Yuanyuan , An Ruopeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Social media holds the potential to engage adolescents and young adults and to facilitate interventions improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (HPVV). This article systematically reviewed the literature on Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL. Interventions delivered or facilitated by social media with outcomes of HPV-related knowledge, awareness, attitude, vaccination intention and behavior were included. Standardized forms were used to abstract the basic characteristics, settings, guiding theories and key findings of the interventions. Twenty-four studies met the eligibility criteria. Sixteen were educational interventions, and the other eight investigated the effect of social media message contents on improving Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related outcomes. The studies were published between 2015 and 2021. The most frequently used social media platforms were Facebook, and the most commonly adopted theory was the health belief model (HBM). Existing interventions have shown preliminary but promising effects in improving HPV awareness and knowledge. Still, such improvements have not always been translated to improved behavioral intentions and vaccination rates. The contents and phrasing of social media messages and pre-existing individual characteristics of social media users moderated intervention effectiveness. Social media could be a valuable tool for engaging participants and delivering HPV interventions. Future interventions should apply stronger theory bases.
Evaluation of the skill of length-based indicators to identify stock status and trends
Authors: Kell Laurence T , Minto Cóilín , Gerritsen Hans D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In data-poor situations, length-based indicators (LBIs) and reference points based on life history parameters have been proposed to classify stocks according to conservation status and yield optimization. Given the variety of potential LBIs, life history traits, and fisheries, it is necessary to evaluate the robustness of length-based advice to ensure that despite uncertainty that management objectives will still be met. Therefore, a simulation procedure was employed where an Operating Model conditioned on life history parameters was used to generate pseudo data. Receiver operator characteristics and the true skill score were then used to screen LBIs based on their ability to identify overfishing and recovery. It was found that LBIs performed better for long-lived species with low individual growth rates, those aimed at ensuring the conservation of mature fish performed better than those aimed at the conservation of immature fish, are better at indicating trends than at quantifying exploitation level, and in general were robust to uncertainty about dynamic processes.