bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-weighted MRI radiomics of spine bone tumors: feature stability and machine learning-based classification performance
Authors: Gitto Salvatore , Bologna Marco , Corino Valentina D. A. , Emili Ilaria , Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Armiraglio Elisabetta , Parafioriti Antonina , Luzzati Alessandro , Mainardi Luca , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate stability and machine learning-based classification performance of radiomic features of spine bone tumors using diffusion- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and methods
This retrospective study included 101 patients with histology-proven spine bone tumor (22 benign; 38 primary malignant; 41 metastatic). All tumor volumes were manually segmented on morphologic T2-weighted sequences. The same region of interest (ROI) was used to perform radiomic analysis on ADC map. A total of 1702 radiomic features was considered. Feature stability was assessed through small geometrical transformations of the ROIs mimicking multiple manual delineations. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) quantified feature stability. Feature selection consisted of stability-based (ICC > 0.75) and significance-based selections (ranking features by decreasing Mann–Whitney p-value). Class balancing was performed to oversample the minority (i.e., benign) class. Selected features were used to train and test a support vector machine (SVM) to discriminate benign from malignant spine tumors using tenfold cross-validation.

Results
A total of 76.4% radiomic features were stable. The quality metrics for the SVM were evaluated as a function of the number of selected features. The radiomic model with the best performance and the lowest number of features for classifying tumor types included 8 features. The metrics were 78% sensitivity, 68% specificity, 76% accuracy and AUC 0.78.

Conclusion
SVM classifiers based on radiomic features extracted from T2- and diffusion-weighted imaging with ADC map are promising for classification of spine bone tumors. Radiomic features of spine bone tumors show good reproducibility rates.
The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Jeon Young-Dae , Cho Sung-Do , Youm Yoon-Seok , Song Joon-Yeon , Lee Kyung-Joo , Park Ki-Bong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated and compared the serum 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) between patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and healthy participants through a matched analysis.

Methods
The unmatched case group consisted of 824 patients who underwent TKA and the unmatched control group 2,794 healthy participants examined at our institution. The control group was matched on the various characteristics—sex, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood chemistry, and season of sampling—through propensity score matching (PSM). After PSM, 501 and 721 patients were matched in the case and control group, respectively. Levels of blood chemistry including 25(OH)D were examined and VDD was defined as < 20 ng/mL.

Results
The average serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the OA group (15.3 ng/mL) than that in the control group (19.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001). When categorized using a 20 ng/mL cutoff, the VDD prevalence was 75.0% in the OA group and 59.4% in the control group. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 18.4% in the OA group and 24.5% in the control group. The prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency was 6.8% in the OA group and 15.9% in the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The patients who underwent TKA had lower serum 25(OH)D level and higher VDD prevalence compared to the healthy participants who matched using PSM. There were no differences in VDD rates by sex or obesity and the VDD prevalence was more than 70% during all season. Therefore, in patients undergoing TKA, general attention to VDD is required regardless of sex, obesity, and season.

Summary

Serum 25-OH vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) prevalence were compared between patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and healthy individuals. The differences in serum 25(OH)D level and VDD prevalence were significant between the two groups after propensity score matching
Omentopexy Effect on the Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and the Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Findings in Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Abosayed Amir K. , Mostafa Mohamed Saber 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has gained acceptance worldwide. However, SG has its own complications that need a specialized management. Omentopexy is a technique in which the sleeved part of the stomach is fixed to the greater omentum.

Aim of the Study
The present work aimed to investigate the potential effect of omentopexy on the upper GIT disturbances in patients with severe obesity and undergoing LSG.

Patients and Methods
This study included patients who were recruited for LSG in our institution from June 2019 to October 2020. Patients having no upper GIT symptoms, no esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) GERD signs, and no hiatus hernia were eligible for the study. Patients were randomly enrolled into the omentopexy group (underwent LSG with omentopexy) and the non-omentopexy group (underwent LSG only). Patients were followed up 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after the operation. EGD was performed at the 1-year follow-up.

Results
Forty-five patients constituted the omentopexy group and forty-six constituted the non-omentopexy group. Omentopexy was associated with significant reduction in the early post LSG upper GIT symptoms, and less EGD evident reflux esophagitis at the 1-year follow-up (statistically non-significant).

Conclusion
The current work adds a new evidence of the omentopexy benefits in patients undergoing sleeve gastrostomy, with an overall better outcome in regard to the upper GIT upset and GERD compared to LSG alone.

Graphical abstract
HDAC3 Inhibition Stimulates Myelination in a CMT1A Mouse Model
Authors: Prior Robert , Verschoren Stijn , Vints Katlijn , Jaspers Tom , Rossaert Elisabeth , Klingl Yvonne E. , Silva Alessio , Hersmus Nicole , Van Damme Philip , Van Den Bosch Ludo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy, with currently no effective treatment or cure. CMT1A is caused by a duplication of the PMP22 gene, which leads to Schwann cell differentiation defects and dysmyelination of the peripheral nerves. The epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been shown to negatively regulate myelination as well as its associated signaling pathways, PI3K-AKT and MAPK-ERK. We showed that these signaling pathways are indeed downregulated in the C3-PMP22 mouse model, similar to what has been shown in the CMT1A rat model. We confirmed that early postnatal defects are present in the peripheral nerves of the C3-PMP22 mouse model, which led to a progressive reduction in axon caliber size and myelination. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pharmacological HDAC3 inhibition could be a valuable therapeutic approach for this CMT1A mouse model. We demonstrated that early treatment of CMT1A mice with the selective HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 increased myelination and myelin g-ratios, which was associated with improved electrophysiological recordings. However, a high dose of RGFP966 caused a decline in rotarod performance and a decline in overall grip strength. Additionally, macrophage presence in peripheral nerves was increased in RGFP966 treated CMT1A mice. We conclude that HDAC3 does not only play a role in regulating myelination but is also important in the neuroimmune modulation. Overall, our results indicate that correct dosing of HDAC3 inhibitors is of crucial importance if translated to a clinical setting for demyelinating forms of CMT or other neurological disorders.
SEOM—GECOD clinical guideline for unknown primary cancer (2021)
Authors: Losa Ferrán , Fernández Isaura , Etxaniz Olatz , Giménez Alejandra , Gomila Paula , Iglesias Lara , Longo Federico , Nogales Esteban , Sánchez Antonio , Soler Gemma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is defined as a heterogeneous group of tumors that appear as metastases, and of which standard diagnostic work-up fails to identify the origin. It is considered a separate entity with a specific biology, and nowadays molecular characteristics and the determination of actionable mutations may be important in a significant group of patients. In this guide, we summarize the diagnostic, therapeutic, and possible new developments in molecular medicine that may help us in the management of this unique disease entity.
What Are the Predictors of Self-Reported Change in Physical Activity in Older Adults with Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Tak Erwin C. P. M. , Verweij Lisanne M. , Chorus Astrid M. J. , Hopman-Rock Marijke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background

Although physical activity (PA) has been shown to be beneficial in older adults with osteoarthritis (OA), most show low levels of PA. This study evaluated if self-efficacy, attitude, social norm, and coping styles predicted change in PA in older adults with OA in the knee and/or hip.

Methods
Prospective study following 105 participants in a self-management intervention with baseline, post-test (6 weeks), and follow-up (6 months). Univariate associations and multivariate regression with self-reported change in PA as the dependent variable were measured. Potential predictors in the model: demographic, illness-related, and behavioral variables (attitude, self-efficacy, social norm, and intention), coping style, and pain coping.

Results
Forty-eight percent of participants reported increased PA at 6 weeks and 37% at 6 months which corresponded with registered PA levels. At 6 weeks, use of the pain coping style “resting,” intention, and participation in the intervention was univariately and multivariately, positively associated with more self-reported change, whereas being single and less use of the pain coping style “distraction” predicted less change. Higher pain severity only predicted less change multivariately. At 6 months, univariate associations for age, general coping style “seeking support,” and participation in the intervention were found; higher age was associated multivariately with less self-reported change.

Conclusion
At short term, self-reported change of PA was predicted by the behavioral factors intention and several pain coping styles. Together with other predictors of self-reported change (pain severity, higher age, being single), these could be addressed in future interventions for enhancing PA in older adults with OA.
Delivering “less but better” meat in practice—a case study of a farm in agroecological transition
Authors: Resare Sahlin Kajsa , Carolus Johannes , von Greyerz Karin , Ekqvist Ida , Röös Elin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEating “less but better” meat can be a strategy to guide meat consumption in Western or high-income countries towards sustainability, but what “better” means depends on the perspective. Multiple studies and reports suggest that agroecological farming systems could contribute to a broad range of sustainability benefits, but few studies have examined the implications for people and nature following trade-offs between sustainability priorities at the farm level. Therefore, this study explored the effects on a broad range of sustainability themes following agroecological transition on a case farm in east-central Sweden. We applied a novel mixed-methods approach, combining the indicator-based SMART-Farm tool with additional quantitative and qualitative analysis of the farm’s climate impact, contribution to global food security, economic performance, and working conditions. The results showed improvements for aspects within environmental, social, economic, and governance-related sustainability dimensions, with corroborating results across methods. The case farm thus served as an example of transition to a more sustainable production system, but as expected, there were both trade-offs and synergies between sustainability aspects. Negative effects were found for economic aspects at the farm and societal level. For this case, one may conclude that “better” meat production both supports and depends on, a more sustainable farm; but that “better” meat and a more sustainable farm cannot be viewed in isolation from the wider food system. Also, “better” can be described by several states along a transition pathway. Key contributions of the study are threefold, a) articulation of the links between agroecology and the concept “less but better,” b) empirically demonstrating synergies and trade-offs in striving for more sustainable meat production, and c) a novel methodological approach for sustainability assessment.
Distortion in the group of circle homeomorphisms
Authors: BANECKI JULIUSZ , SZAREK TOMASZ 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet G be the group
$\text {PAff}_{+}(\mathbb R/\mathbb Z)$
of piecewise affine circle homeomorphisms or the group
${\operatorname {\mathrm {Diff}}}^{{\kern1pt}\infty }(\mathbb R/\mathbb Z)$
of smooth circle diffeomorphisms. A constructive proof that all irrational rotations are distorted in G is given.
Accurate prediction of the particle image velocimetry flow field and rotor thrust using deep learning
Authors: Oh Sehyeok , Lee Seungcheol , Son Myeonggyun , Kim Jooha , Ki Hyungson 
Published: March 2022

With particle image velocimetry (PIV), cross-correlation and optical flow methods have been mainly adopted to obtain the velocity field from particle images. In this study, a novel artificial intelligence (AI) architecture is proposed to predict an accurate flow field and drone rotor thrust from high-resolution particle images. As the ground truth, the flow fields past a high-speed drone rotor obtained from a fast Fourier transform-based cross-correlation algorithm were used along with the thrusts measured by a load cell. Two deep-learning models were developed, and for instantaneous flow-field prediction, a generative adversarial network (GAN) was employed for the first time. It is a spectral-norm-based residual conditional GAN translator that provides a stable adversarial training and high-quality flow generation. Its prediction accuracy is 97.21 % (coefficient of determination, or R2). Subsequently, a deep convolutional neural network was trained to predict the instantaneous rotor thrust from the flow field, and the model is the first AI architecture to predict the thrust. Based on an input of the generated flow field, the network had an R2 accuracy of 94.57 %. To understand the prediction pathways, the internal part of the model was investigated using a class activation map. The results showed that the model recognized the area receiving kinetic energy from the rotor and successfully made a prediction. The proposed architecture is accurate and nearly 600 times faster than the cross-correlation PIV method for real-world complex turbulent flows. In this study, the rotor thrust was calculated directly from the flow field using deep learning for the first time.
The controlled impact of elastic plates on a quiescent water surface
Authors: Wang An , Wong Kit Pan , Yu Miao , Kiger Kenneth T. , Duncan James H. 
Published: March 2022

The impact of flexible rectangular aluminum plates on a quiescent water surface is studied experimentally. The plates are mounted via pinned supports at the leading and trailing edges to an instrument carriage that drives the plates at constant velocity and various angles relative to horizontal into the water surface. Time-resolved measurements of the hydrodynamic normal force ($F_n$) and transverse moment ($M_{to}$), the spray root position ($\xi _r$) and the plate deflection ($\delta$) are collected during plate impacts at 25 experimental conditions for each plate. These conditions comprise a matrix of impact Froude numbers${Fr} = V_n(gL)^{-0.5}$, plate stiffness ratios$R_D= \rho _w V_n^2 L^3D^{-1}$and submergence time ratios$R_T= T_sT_{1w}^{-1}$. It is found that$R_D$is the primary dimensionless ratio controlling the role of flexibility during the impact. At conditions with low$R_D$, maximum plate deflections on the order of$1$ mm occur and the records of the dimensionless form of$F_n$,$M_{to}$,$\xi _r$and$\delta _c$are nearly identical when plotted vs$tT_s^{-1}$. In these cases, the impact occurs over time scales substantially greater than the plate's natural period, and a quasi-static response ensues with the maximum deflection occurring approximately midway through the impact. For conditions with higher$R_D$($\gtrsim 1.0$), the above-mentioned dimensionless quantities depend strongly on$R_D$. These response features indicate a dynamic plate response and a two-way fluid–structure interaction in which the deformation of the plate causes significant changes in the hydrodynamic force and moment.
A data-driven model based on modal decomposition: application to the turbulent channel flow over an anisotropic porous wall
Authors: Le Clainche S. , Rosti M.E. , Brandt L. 
Published: March 2022

This article presents a data-driven model based on modal decomposition, applied to approximate the low-order statistics of the spatially averaged wall-shear stress in a turbulent channel flow over a porous wall with two anisotropic permeabilities, producing drag increase or reduction when compared with the case of an isotropic porous wall. The model is comparable to a neural network architecture using a linear map to a classification. To create this model, we use high-order dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) to identify the structures describing the main flow dynamics, and then test different linear combinations of these modes to estimate the time evolution of the stress at the porous interface. The coefficients of the model are obtained by training the model against the results of direct numerical simulations over different time intervals. Depending on the number and the way of combining the DMD modes, the reduced-order models presented can reconstruct the wall-shear stress with relative error smaller than 0.01 % and reproduce its statistical variations for at least 1500 time units with relative error in the standard deviation or the mean smaller than 5 %. The model has also been tested to approximate the statistics of the wall-shear stress over the whole wall, showing that the regeneration of the flow structures can be reproduced by the nonlinear interaction of modes. Finally, considering the DMD modes as communities in a neural network, we examine the influence of the mode-to-mode interaction on the nonlinear flow dynamics, which explains the performance of the different models.
The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales: Linking the adjective and statement-based inventories with the Big Five Inventory in English and German-speaking samples
Authors: Rozgonjuk Dmitri , Davis Kenneth L. , Sindermann Cornelia , Montag Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJaak Panksepp’s Affective Neuroscience Theory is of high relevance not only for a better understanding of affective brain disorders but also in personality research. To make Panksepp’s theory more accessible for psychologists and psychiatrists, Davis, Panksepp, and Normansell (2003) developed the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS). These scales assess the manifestation of the primary emotional traits in humans based on a personality trait approach. Given their putative foundation in old subcortical areas in the brain, these primary emotional traits (assessed via the ANPS) could represent the evolutionarily oldest manifestations of personality (but this notion is still a matter of a debate). However, the ANPS inventories were based on using contextual items (e.g., about specific attitudes, behaviors, and feelings in specific situations). Recently, an adjective-based ANPS (ANPS-Adjective Ratings or ANPS-AR) was developed for a less context-dependent and more efficient assessment of Panksepp’s primary emotional systems in humans for use by both individuals and independent observer raters. The present work introduces the first German version of the ANPS-AR. Moreover, the current work investigates the original and ANPS-AR versions of the ANPS and their associations with the Big Five personality traits in two independent English- and German-speaking samples. The results show that the ANPS measures are very similarly correlated with the Big Five personality traits across different samples and scales. This work replicates the previous findings in an English version, and demonstrates the reliability and validity of the adjective-based German ANPS-AR.
SOLVABILITY OF A SYSTEM OF POLYNOMIAL EQUATIONS MODULO PRIMES
Authors: JÄRVINIEMI OLLI 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet F be a system of polynomial equations in one or more variables with integer coefficients. We show that there exists a univariate polynomial
$D \in \mathbb {Z}[x]$
such that F is solvable modulo p if and only if the equation
$D(x) \equiv 0 \pmod {p}$
has a solution.
Gifted Children, Youth Culture, and Popular Individualism in 1970s and 1980s Britain
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines a niche space: youth clubs created by small voluntary organizations for ‘gifted children’ in 1970s and 1980s Britain. It asks how individualism shaped everyday life and demonstrates how youth culture was much broader than just the permissiveness that dominates the literature. Gifted children are currently missing from accounts of modern Britain, which focus on mainstream educational categories. Yet, including them in our analysis provides new insights into the diversity of youth cultures that existed in these decades. Drawing on new uncatalogued archives, and centrally poetry, letters, and stories from young people themselves, the article shows that conservative and radical visions co-existed. Young people shaped their own culture, subverting and challenging ideas of themselves as distinctive future leaders.
The disintegrated theory of consciousness: Sleep, waking, and meta-awareness
Authors: Zadra Antonio , Levitin Daniel J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study of sleep and wakefulness can inform debates about the nature of consciousness. We argue that sleep and wakefulness fall along a multidimensional continuum and that inconsistencies and paradoxes with the accounts put forth by Merker et al. and Tononi can be understood in terms of a pervasive false dichotomy between these two states.
Axioms and postulates: Finding the right match through logical inference
Authors: Negro Niccolò 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMerker et al. argue that integrated information theory (IIT) is not a theory of consciousness because the IIT formalism does not match phenomenology. I argue that the authors ultimately fail to articulate the problem of the inference of the postulates from the axioms. I suggest a different version of this problem, and argue that this can help rethink IIT's potential for consciousness science.