bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness, usability and acceptability of a smart inhaler programme in patients with asthma: protocol of the multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, cluster randomised controlled ACCEPTANCE trial
Authors: van de Hei Susanne J , Poot Charlotte C , van den Berg Liselot N , Meijer Eline , van Boven Job F M , Flokstra-de Blok Bertine M J , Postma Maarten J , Chavannes Niels H , Kocks Janwillem W H 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionSuboptimal asthma control is associated with incorrect inhaler use and poor medication adherence, which could lead to unfavourable clinical and economic outcomes. Smart inhaler programmes using electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) could support self-management and increase medication adherence and asthma control. However, evidence on long-term benefits and acceptability is scarce. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a smart inhaler asthma self-management programme on medication adherence and clinical outcomes in adults with uncontrolled asthma, to evaluate its acceptability and to identify subgroups who would benefit most based on patient characteristics.Methods and analysisThis open-label cluster randomised controlled trial of 12 months will be conducted in primary care in the Netherlands. General practices will be randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. We aim to include 242 patients. The intervention consists of (1) an EMD attached to the patient’s inhaler that measures medication use; (2) a smartphone application to set medication reminders, receive motivational messages and track asthma symptoms; and (3) a portal for healthcare professionals to view data on medication use. The control group is passively monitored by the EMD but cannot view their inhaler data or receive feedback. Eligible patients are adults with suboptimal controlled asthma (Asthma Control Questionnaire score ≥0.75) with evidence of non-adherence established by the EMD during a 6-week run-in period. Primary outcome is the difference in mean medication adherence between intervention and control group. Secondary outcomes include asthma control, asthma-related quality of life, exacerbations, acceptance, cost-effectiveness and whether the effect of the intervention on medication adherence and asthma control is modified by patient characteristics (eg, self-efficacy, medication beliefs and eHealth literacy).Trial registration numberNL7854.
Economic burden of tobacco use in Pakistan
Authors: Memon Junaid Alam , Nasir Muhammad , Nayab Durre , Siddique Omer , Kishwar Shabana 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe lack of reliable tobacco healthcare and economic cost estimates leaves the tobacco industry undertaxed and thriving in Pakistan and makes the country as one of the top tobacco-consuming nations. To facilitate effective tobacco tax policymaking, this study estimates the economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases and deaths in Pakistan.MethodsA nationally representative sample survey of 13 000 households was administered to gather the data required to estimate different cost components of smoking-attributable diseases through the prevalence-based approach.FindingsThe total smoking-attributable economic cost of all diseases and deaths in Pakistan in the year 2018–2019 for persons aged 35 years or older is 615.07 billion ($3.85 billion). Similarly, three major diseases, namely cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease, along with associated deaths, cost the nation PKR437.8 billion ($2.7 billion) of which 77% is the indirect cost. The three major diseases make 71% of the total estimated cost, nearly two-thirds of which is borne by rural residents, nine-tenth by males and more than four-fifths by the citizens in the 35–64 years age group.ConclusionThe total annual economic costs of all smoking-attributable diseases and deaths and those of the three major diseases equal 1.6% and 1.15% of Pakistan’s gross domestic product, respectively. The tax contribution of tobacco sector is merely 20% of the total estimated cost. The finding of huge economic and health costs of smoking makes a convincing case for policymakers to realise the true value of the industry’s contribution and raise tobacco taxes to the level of full cost recovery.
A study of initial conditions' effects on thermal properties of compressible homogeneous sheared non-isentropic turbulence using rapid distortion theory (RDT)
Authors: Riahi Mohamed , Lili Taieb 
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the effect of initial conditions characterized by compressibility of turbulence on the changes in scalar such as density, temperature, and pressure within the framework of rapid distortion theory (RDT) in the case of non-isentropic turbulence. This study is a follow-up of the basic work carried out by A. Simone, G.N. Coleman and C. Cambon [J. Fluid Mech. 330, 307 (1997)] in the case of quasi-isentropic turbulence and the previous work of M. Riahi and T. Lili [Fluid Dyn. Res. 52, 025501 (2020)] in the case of non-isentropic turbulence. RDT was used to examine the behavior of the root mean square (rms) fluctuations of density, temperature, and pressure. The coupling between these rms quantities, the partition factor, and the polytropic coefficient was also studied. RDT equations were solved numerically using a code that solves directly evolution equations of two-point spectral correlations for compressible homogeneous sheared non-isentropic turbulence. The RDT analysis was carried out for various initial turbulent Mach numbers Mt 0 ranging from 0.1 to 0.4, and the initial compressible turbulence is to be one of the three states concerning the fraction of kinetic energy χ0: solenoidal ( χ0 = 0), mixed ( χ0 = 0.6), and dilatational ( χ0 = 1) ( χ0 is the ratio of the initial dilatational kinetic energy to the initial total kinetic energy). It is shown from this study that the changes in scalars are strongly dependent on the initial conditions. Magnitudes and asymptotic values of rms thermodynamics fluctuations and correlations between these thermodynamics fluctuations depend of Mt 0. For large times, the isentropic state of the flow is well observed whatever Mt 0 and χ0.
Semileptonic form factors for $$B\rightarrow D^*\ell \nu $$ at nonzero recoil from $$2+1$$-flavor lattice QCD
Authors: Bazavov A. , DeTar C. E. , Du D. , El-Khadra A. X. , Gámiz E. , Gelzer Z. , Gottlieb S. , Heller U. M. , Kronfeld A. S. , Laiho J. , Mackenzie P. B. , Simone J. N. , Sugar R. , Toussaint D. , Van de Water R. S. , Vaquero A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present the first unquenched lattice-QCD calculation of the form factors for the decay $$B\rightarrow D^*\ell \nu $$

B
→

D
∗

ℓ
ν

at nonzero recoil. Our analysis includes 15 MILC ensembles with $$N_f=2+1$$

N
f

=
2
+
1

flavors of asqtad sea quarks, with a strange quark mass close to its physical mass. The lattice spacings range from $$a\approx 0.15$$

a
≈
0.15

fm down to 0.045 fm, while the ratio between the light- and the strange-quark masses ranges from 0.05 to 0.4. The valence b and c quarks are treated using the Wilson-clover action with the Fermilab interpretation, whereas the light sector employs asqtad staggered fermions. We extrapolate our results to the physical point in the continuum limit using rooted staggered heavy-light meson chiral perturbation theory. Then we apply a model-independent parametrization to extend the form factors to the full kinematic range. With this parametrization we perform a joint lattice-QCD/experiment fit using several experimental datasets to determine the CKM matrix element $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

. We obtain $$\left| V_{cb}\right| = (38.40 \pm 0.68_{\text {th}} \pm 0.34_{\text {exp}} \pm 0.18_{\text {EM}})\times 10^{-3}$$

V

cb

=

(
38.40
±
0
.

68
th

±
0
.

34
exp

±
0
.

18
EM

)

×

10

-
3

. The first error is theoretical, the second comes from experiment and the last one includes electromagnetic and electroweak uncertainties, with an overall $$\chi ^2\text {/dof} = 126/84$$

χ
2

/dof
=
126
/
84

, which illustrates the tensions between the experimental data sets, and between theory and experiment. This result is in agreement with previous exclusive determinations, but the tension with the inclusive determination remains. Finally, we integrate the differential decay rate obtained solely from lattice data to predict $$R(D^*) = 0.265 \pm 0.013$$

R
(

D
∗

)
=
0.265
±
0.013

, which confirms the current tension between theory and experiment.
Alpha backgrounds in the AMoRE-Pilot experiment
Authors: Alenkov V. , Bae H. W. , Beyer J. , Boiko R. S. , Boonin K. , Buzanov O. , Chanthima N. , Cheoun M. K. , Choi S. H. , Danevich F. A. , Djamal M. , Drung D. , Enss C. , Fleischmann A. , Gangapshev A. , Gastaldo L. , Gavriljuk Yu. M. , Gezhaev A. , Grigoryeva V. D. , Gurentsov V. , Ha D. H. , Ha C. , Ha E. J. , Hahn I. , Jeon E. J. , Jeon J. , Jo H. S. , Kaewkhao J. , Kang C. S. , Kang S. J. , Kang W. G. , Karki S. , Kazalov V. , Khan A. , Khan S. , Kim D.-Y. , Kim G. W. , Kim H. B. , Kim H. J. , Kim H. L. , Kim H. S. , Kim I. , Kim W. T. , Kim S. R. , Kim S. C. , Kim S. K. , Kim Y. D. , Kim Y. H. , Kirdsiri K. , Ko Y. J. , Kobychev V. V. , Kornoukhov V. , Kuz’minov V. , Kwon D. H. , Lee C. , Lee E. K. , Lee H. J. , Lee H. S. , Lee J. , Lee J. S. , Lee J. Y. , Lee K. B. , Lee M. H. , Lee M. K. , Lee S. H. , Lee S. W. , Lee S. W. , Leonard D. S. , Li J. , Li Y. , Limkitjaroenporn P. , Mailyan B. , Makarov E. P. , Oh S. Y. , Oh Y. M. , Gileva O. , Olsen S. , Pabitra A. , Panasenko S. , Pandey I. , Park C. W. , Park H. K. , Park H. S. , Park K. S. , Park S. Y. , Polischuk O. G. , Prihtiadi H. , Ra S. J. , Ratkevich S. , Rooh G. , Sari M. B. , Seo J. , Seo K. M. , Shin J. W. , Shin K. A. , Shlegel V. N. , Siyeon K. , Sokur N. V. , Son J.-K. , Srisittipokakun N. , Toibaev N. , Tretyak V. I. , Wirawan R. , Woo K. R. , Yoon Y. S. , Yue Q. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Advanced Mo-based Rare process Experiment (AMoRE)-Pilot experiment is an initial phase of the AMoRE search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{100}$$

100

Mo, with the purpose of investigating the level and sources of backgrounds. Searches for neutrinoless double beta decay generally require ultimately low backgrounds. Surface $$\alpha $$
α
decays on the crystals themselves or nearby materials can deposit a continuum of energies that can be as high as the Q-value of the decay itself and may fall in the region of interest (ROI). To understand these background events, we studied backgrounds from radioactive contaminations internal to and on the surface of the crystals or nearby materials with Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulations. In this study, we report on the measured $$\alpha $$
α
energy spectra fitted with the corresponding simulated spectra for six crystal detectors, where sources of background contributions could be identified through high energy $$\alpha $$
α
peaks and continuum parts in the energy spectrum for both internal and surface contaminations. We determine the low-energy contributions from internal and surface $$\alpha $$
α
contaminations by extrapolating from the $$\alpha $$
α
background fitting model.
A matter-wave Rarity–Tapster interferometer to demonstrate non-locality
Authors: Thomas Kieran F. , Henson Bryce M. , Wang Yu , Lewis-Swan Robert J. , Kheruntsyan Karen V. , Hodgman Sean S. , Truscott Andrew G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present an experimentally viable approach to demonstrate quantum non-locality in a matter-wave system via a Rarity–Tapster interferometer using two $$s$$
s
-wave scattering halos generated by colliding helium Bose–Einstein condensates. The theoretical basis for this method is discussed, and its suitability is experimentally quantified. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate an interferometric visibility of $$V=0.42(9)$$

V
=
0.42
(
9
)

, corresponding to a maximum CSHS-Bell parameter of $$S=1.1(1)$$

S
=
1.1
(
1
)

, for the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) version of the Bell inequality, between atoms separated by $$\sim 4$$

∼
4

correlation lengths. This constitutes a significant step toward a demonstration of a Bell inequality violation for motional degrees of freedom of massive particles and possible measurements of quantum effects in a gravitationally sensitive system.
Volcaniclastic sedimentation in a closed, marginal rift basin: the case of the Melka Kunture area (upper Awash, Ethiopia)
Authors: Pioli L. , Melis R. T. , Mussi M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The upper Awash runs across a volcano-sedimentary succession dated from the Early to Middle Pleistocene and located on the western margin of the northern portion of the Main Ethiopian Rift. The succession lies above Late Miocene to Pliocene lava flows, domes and large volume ignimbrites. The succession formed within a fluvial system that developed within transversal rift faults. The stratigraphy consists of primary volcanic deposits interbedded with reworked sediments emplaced in a low-energy floodplain developed in a subsiding area. The lower part of the volcaniclastic sequence is dominated by a 1.2 Ma old, low aspect ratio, pyroclastic density current deposit (Kella ignimbrite). This eruption was followed by an eruptive stasis and reorganization of the drainage system. Tephra deposition in the floodplain climaxed again between 0.9 and 0.7 Ma and was associated with extensive tephra reworking. Sedimentation rates significantly decreased after 0.6 myr ago, probably owing to declining volcanic activity. Dynamic interaction between tectonics and volcanic activity created a complex sedimentary environment preserving numerous artefacts (lithic tools), animal and hominin remains. Stratigraphic correlation is based on the interpretation of the basin evolution and has relevance for the reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment and the interpretation of the palaeontological and archaeological data.
Fat Fuels the Fire in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jungles Kassidy M. , Green Michael D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality among young women and disproportionately impacts underserved patient populations. An obesity paradox has been observed in cervical cancer wherein patients with higher body mass indices benefit more from standard-of-care chemoradiation. However, the molecular pathways through which obesity modulates treatment response are poorly defined. In exciting work in this issue of Cancer Research, Muhammad and colleagues have shown that monounsaturated and diunsaturated free fatty acids released by adipocytes activate β-oxidation within tumor cells, which potentiates radiotherapy. This work extends our understanding of the metabolic vulnerabilities of cervical cancer.See related article by Muhammad et al., p. 4515
Challenging the Hemodynamic Hypothesis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Is Exercise Capacity Limited by Elevated Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure?
Authors: Sarma Satyam , MacNamara James P. , Balmain Bryce N. , Hearon Christopher M. , Wakeham Denis J. , Tomlinson Andrew R. , Hynan Linda S. , Babb Tony G. , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Exercise intolerance is a defining characteristic of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). A marked rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) during exertion is pathognomonic for HFpEF and is thought to be a key cause of exercise intolerance. If true, acutely lowering PCWP should improve exercise capacity. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated peak exercise capacity with and without nitroglycerin to acutely lower PCWP during exercise in patients with HFpEF.

Methods:
Thirty patients with HFpEF (70±6 years of age; 63% female) underwent 2 bouts of upright, seated cycle exercise dosed with sublingual nitroglycerin or placebo control every 15 minutes in a single-blind, randomized, crossover design. PCWP (right heart catheterization), oxygen uptake (breath × breath gas exchange), and cardiac output (direct Fick) were assessed at rest, 20 Watts (W), and peak exercise during both placebo and nitroglycerin conditions.

Results:

PCWP increased from 8±4 to 35±9 mm Hg from rest to peak exercise with placebo. With nitroglycerin, there was a graded decrease in PCWP compared with placebo at rest (–1±2 mm Hg), 20W (–5±5 mm Hg), and peak exercise (–7±6 mm Hg; drug × exercise stage
P
=0.004). Nitroglycerin did not affect oxygen uptake at rest, 20W, or peak (placebo, 1.34±0.48 versus nitroglycerin, 1.32±0.46 L/min; drug × exercise
P
=0.984). Compared with placebo, nitroglycerin lowered stroke volume at rest (–8±13 mL) and 20W (–7±11 mL), but not peak exercise (0±10 mL).

Conclusions:
Sublingual nitroglycerin lowered PCWP during submaximal and maximal exercise. Despite reduction in PCWP, peak oxygen uptake was not changed. These results suggest that acute reductions in PCWP are insufficient to improve exercise capacity, and further argue that high PCWP during exercise is not by itself a limiting factor for exercise performance in patients with HFpEF.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04068844.
Lognormal and Mixed Gaussian–Lognormal Kalman Filters
Authors: Fletcher Steven J. , Zupanski Milija , Goodliff Michael R. , Kliewer Anton J. , Jones Andrew S. , Forsythe John M. , Wu Ting-Chi , Hossen Md. Jakir , Van Loon Senne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present the derivation of two new forms of the Kalman filter equations; the first is for a pure lognormally distributed random variable, while the second set of Kalman filter equations will be for a combination of Gaussian and lognormally distributed random variables. We show that the appearance is similar to that of the Gaussian-based equations, but that the analysis state is a multivariate median and not the mean. We also show results of the mixed distribution Kalman filter with the Lorenz 1963 model with lognormal errors for the background and observations of the z component, and compare them to analysis results from a traditional Gaussian-based extended Kalman filter and show that under certain circumstances the new approach produces more accurate results.
Experimental investigation on low-velocity impact response of spherical core sandwich structure
Authors: Pandyaraj V , Rajadurai A 
Published: December 2022

In the present work, the low-velocity impact characteristics of the spherical core sandwich structures made of glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) are tested at different strike velocities (3, 5, and 7 m/s). Four different types of core orientation, namely, regular, interlock, inverted, and stagger, are designed and fabricated by the hand-layup method. Vinyl ester resin and woven glass fibre fabrics are used as matrices and reinforcements, respectively. The diameter of the spherical core and the pitch distance is chosen as 16 mm and 32 mm, respectively. The impact behaviour of the novel spherical sandwich structures is examined based on the maximum contact force, energy absorption capacity, coefficient of restitution (COR), and damage behaviour. The Regular model shows enhanced energy absorption capacity with a specific absorbed energy of 0.092 J/(kg/m3) at 7 m/s impact velocity. Similarly the Interlock model shows good damage resistance. The typical failure patterns observed in the Interlock model at 3 m/s are matrix cracking (MC) and fibre breakage (FB), whereas, at 5 and 7 m/s impact velocities, the damage core crushing (C) is observed.
Correlation between reflux time and venous clinical severity score in patients undergoing saphenous vein ablation: A prospective study
Authors: Kokkinidis Damianos G , Ochoa Chaar Cassius I , Mena-Hurtado Carlos I , Attaran Robert R 
Published: December 2022

Objectives It is unclear whether reflux time independently correlates with severity of symptoms in patients with great saphenous vein reflux. Methods Eighty patients (mean age 64+/−12.7 years, 56% female) undergoing great saphenous vein (GSV) ablation for symptomatic reflux were assessed prospectively. Fifty-seven underwent ablation with radiofrequency, 23 with cyanoacrylate adhesive. Venous clinical severity score (VCSS) was assessed at, or prior to the time of ablation. The highest reflux time in the GSV was selected. Results VCSS values ranged from 2 to 20 (median 7). Mean reflux time was 5.3 s (+/−3.3). The Spearman rank correlation yielded a value of rs = −0.123, p (2-tailed) = .279, which was not significant. The patients with concomitant deep vein reflux had higher VCSS ( p < .05). Analysis of patients with only superficial vein reflux ( n = 45) also demonstrated a poor correlation between VCSS and reflux time (rs = −0.051, p (2-tailed) = .741). Conclusion This prospective study did not demonstrate a correlation between reflux time and VCSS.
High-flow nasal oxygen for suspension laryngoscopy: a multicenter open-label study
Authors: Saad Mary , Albi-Feldzer Aline , Taouachi Rabah , Wagner Isabelle , Fischler Marc , Squara Pierre , Le Guen Morgan 
Published: December 2022

In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) to maintain blood peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients undergoing suspension laryngoscopy under general anesthesia. Adult patients were included in this bicenter study. After face-mask oxygenation, HFNO at a flow rate of 70 L min−1 and fraction of inspired oxygen 100% was initiated at loss of consciousness. At the end of HFNO, blood gas analysis was performed. Of the 29 included patients, five (17.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6–34.5) presented SpO2 <95% during the first 15 minutes of the procedure and eight patients (27.6%; 95% CI: 14.7–45.7) presented SpO2 <95% throughout the procedure. Six patients (20.7%; 95% CI: 9.8–38.4) required rescue jet ventilation. Median apnea time before SpO2 <95% was 13.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 10–17.7) minutes. Arterial carbon dioxide tension at the end of the procedure or at the time of study discontinuation was 9.73 (IQR: 8.8–10.9) kPa and was higher than 8 kPa in 88.9% (95% CI: 71.9–96.1) of patients. HFNO was associated with a relatively high incidence of suboptimal oxygen saturation and hypercapnia during suspension laryngoscopy under general anesthesia and may not be considered the reference technique.
The Effect of State Minimum Wage Increases on Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Balsam Steven , Mao Connie X. , Xu Min , Zhang Yinge (Jack) 
Published: December 2022

The impact of minimum wage increases on employment has been extensively examined with mixed results. We extend the literature by hypothesizing and showing a differential impact of state-level minimum wage increases on nonprofit organizations as opposed to for-profit organizations. While we find that increases in minimum wages reduce employment growth in both types of organizations, this decrease is substantially larger for nonprofit organizations. We also find that investment in automation, that is, information technology, rises in nonprofits postminimum wage increase, consistent with the substitution of capital for labor. Minimum wage increases also increase the likelihood of nonprofit exit. JEL: J38, J68, L