bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active ingredients and molecular targets of Taraxacum mongolicum against hepatocellular carcinoma: network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation analysis
Authors: Zheng Yanfeng , Ji Shaoxiu , Li Xia , Feng Quansheng 
Published: July 2022

Background
Taraxacum mongolicum (TM) is a widely used herb. Studies have reported that TM exhibits growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing on multiple tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The active ingredients, targets, and molecular mechanisms of TM against HCC need to be further elucidated.

Methods
We identified the active ingredients and targets of TM via HERB, PubChem, SwissADME, SwissTargetPrediction, and PharmMapper. We searched HCC targets from GeneCards, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), and DisGeNET. Then, the intersection of drug targets and disease targets was uploaded to the STRING database to construct protein-protein interactions (PPI) networking whose topology parameters were analyzed in Cytoscape software to screen hub targets. Next, we used Metascape for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and we employed AutoDock vina, AMBER18 and PyMOL software along with several auxiliary tools for molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Finally, based on the in silico findings, cellular experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of TM on HSP90AA1 gene expression.

Results
A total of 228 targets and 35 active ingredients were identified. Twenty two hub targets were selected through PPI networking construction for further investigation. The enrichment analysis showed that protein kinase binding, mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways were mainly involved. Molecular docking and MD simulation results supported good interaction between HSP90 protein and Austricin/Quercetin. The in vitro assay showed that TM inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and the expression of HSP90AA1 gene.

Conclusions
This study is the first to use network pharmacology, molecular docking, MD simulation and cellular experiments to elucidate the active ingredients, molecular targets, and key biological pathways responsible for TM anti-HCC, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
Effect of Canopy Gaps on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Seedling of Vulnerable Species, Hopea sangal Korth
Authors: Siahaan Febrina Artauli , Soejono . , Arisoesilaningsih Endang 
Published: July 2022

Aims: Hopea sangal Korth. is listed as vulnerable species and recently its remnant habitat was rediscovered in the degraded forest near the springs area in East Java. In the forest, the regeneration of the seedling and saplings understory is affected by the heterogeneity in environmental factors especially various light levels due to the canopy gaps. H. sangal is considered a shade-tolerant species, hence the establishment of the seedling in its natural habitat occurs under the closed canopy. This study aimed to understand the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of Hopea sangal Korth seedling grown in two different levels of tree canopy shades.
Study Design: This research was using a completely randomized design, with 9 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Purwodadi Botanic Garden, East Java, between March – July.
Methodology: We used seedling of H. sangal collected from the field in Pasuruan which were planted in plastic pots and acclimatized to obtain seedling of a similar size. The microclimate was measured weekly using solarimetri and sling psychrometer at 08.00; 10:00; 12:00; 14:00 and 16:00. RGR was measured by harvesting the seedling and whole plant WUE was measured using the gravimetric method.
Results: We observed the light level during the periodic opening of the canopy gap was significantly different at a specific time (8-12 am), with the highest light intensity at 10.00 of 333.57 µmol photon m-2s-1. The canopy shades differences did not affect the WUE of seedling (P = 0.333), meanwhile, there was a significant difference in the seedling RGR (P = 0.025). The seedling that were grown under a higher gap and received higher light intensity periodically during a day had higher RGR than those under a closed canopy. The WUE has a positive relationship with the RGR of seedling (R2 = 0.5; P < 0.05).
Conclusions: This study suggested that the H. sangal is one of the shade-tolerant species capable of responding to gap-opening sunlight. The study also showed RGR of the seedling positively correlated with the WUE of plants, indicating that the seedling could use the water supply efficiently to grow rapidly.
Response of Biofertilizer and Foliar Spray of Organic Amendments on Economics and Yield Attributes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Rabade Mayank , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur 
Published: July 2022

Field experiment was conducted on cowpea during Kharif 2021 at (CRF) Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute. SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) India. The experiment entitled as “Response of biofertilizer and foliar spray of organic amendments on economics and yield attributes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)”, to study treatments consisting of three kinds of biofertilizers viz.Rhizobium, PSB and Rhizobium + PSB and three types of organic amendments viz. Panchagavya, Jeevamrutha and Beejamrutha. Each of the nine treatments was replicated three times and laid out in a Randomized Block Design with various treatment combinations. T1: Rhizobium 20 g + Panchagavya 3% foliar spray, T2: Rhizobium 20 g + Jeevamrutha 5% foliar spray,T3: Rhizobium 20 g + Beejamrutha 2% foliar spray ,T4: PSB 20 g + Panchagavya 3% foliar spray,T5: PSB 20 g + Jeevamrutha 5% foliar spray,T6: PSB 20 g + Beejamrutha 2% foliar spray, T7: Rhizobium + PSB 20g + Panchagavya 3% foliar spray,T8: Rhizobium + PSB 20g + Jeevamrutha 5% foliar spray,T9: Rhizobium + PSB 20g + Beejamrutha 2% foliar spray. The results revealed that treatment 9 (Rhizobium + PSB 20g + Panchagavya 3% foliar spray) recorded maximum on no. of pods per plant (15.43), length of pod (19.53), seeds per pod (10.68), test weight (133.40), seed yield (1025.50), harvest index (41.74), and B:C ratio (2.42).It is concluded that seed treatment with Rhizobium + PSB 20g + Panchagavya 3% foliar spray was found more productive and economical.
Human and Environmental Reservoirs of Intestinal Parasites in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon: An Update in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Njieyap Laurelle Djieukap , Balifeli Bienvenu , Mvondo Narcisse , Siakam Joelle Tanguep , Fru Chi Tchampo , Ngano Albert Bayibeki , Okoa Nadege Amougou , Akono-Ntonga Patrick , Etang Josiane Désirée , Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe , Ndo Cyrille , Togouet Serge Hubert Zebaze , Njiokou Flobert , Dologuele Nicolas Félicien , Awono-Ambene Herman Parfait 
Published: July 2022

Aims: Intestinal parasitic infections are persistent in Africa, and we questioned here whether prevention measures imposed by the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 could alleviate this threat in lowlands of the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Study Design: We monitored the trend of intestinal parasites in human and environmental samples from the seven subdivisions of the city of Yaounde, before (November-December 2019) and during (July-August 2020, November-December 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: Parasitological analysis were performed to check for the presence of helminths and protozoans in stools from inhabitants as well as in water, soil and fresh vegetables, using standard Kato Katz and Formol Ether methods.The minimum effective sample size considered for the estimation of parasite richness, parasite infection and contamination indexeswas 30 for human and 30 for environmental samples (i.e. soils, water and vegetables) per location.
Results: Of the 19 parasite species identified in human and the environments, twelve were helminths and seven protozoans. The overall parasite species richness reached 16 in 2019 (12 helminths and 4 protozoans) and 19 in 2020 (12 helminths and 7 protozoans), with about 62.5-68.4% of species shared by human and environments. The parasite frequencies in human (21.03%) and water/soils (32.3%) in 2019 did not differ statistically with those of 2020 (14.6-20.3% and 10.8-35.4%, respectively). The contamination rate of vegetables (i.e. carrots, lettuce, basil, celery, etc.) has increased from 2019 (6.1-9.1%) to 2020 (9.1-24.2%), and was frequently due to roundworms, hookworms, Entamoeba and Cryptosporidium cysts. The findings suggest persistent risk associated with intestinal parasite irrespective to measures imposed by COVID-19 in study locations.
Conclusion: The current control approaches may therefore integrateecological epidemiology of the intestinal parasite infections as complementary strategy in African cities.
Hollow Covalent Organic Framework with “Shell‐Confined” Environment for the Effective Removal of Anionic Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Authors: Huang Junlong , Shi Yueru , Xu Jianqiao , Zheng Juan , Zhu Fang , Liu Xiaolong , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ubiquity of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has become an emerging challenge for modern water treatment and public health. The development of high‐performance adsorbents remains at the forefront of PFAS remediation. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with structural regularity and task‐specific functionality are promising candidates yet have not been fully explored. Herein, cystamine‐grafted hollow COF nanospheres (hollow Cys‐COF) are synthesized via the hard‐template method and functionalized by the thiol‐ene “click” reaction. The well‐defined hollow structure provides a specific “shell‐confined” environment, which ensures sufficient modification in a short period and retains the crystallinity of the original material, circumventing the dilemma between functionality and crystallinity in traditional post‐synthetic modification protocols. The as‐prepared hollow Cys‐COF is highly functionalized and shows remarkable removal performance to various anionic PFAS under environmentally relevant conditions. Twenty kinds of anionic PFAS containing carboxylic, sulfonic, and phosphoric individuals are removed by 90% within several minutes, and a column‐test further verified its superior performance under the dynamic situation. An integrated analysis from both experimental results and theoretical simulations provides a mechanistic illustration of how the morphology and functionality can jointly contribute to effective PFAS adsorption. These findings provide a multiscale understanding of high‐performance adsorbent design.
Bulk Thermodynamics Determines Surface Hydrogen Concentration in Membranes
Authors: Billeter Emanuel , Kazaz Selim , Borgschulte Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe functioning of hydrogen selective metal membranes relies on the fine‐tuned interaction of their surfaces with the inner bulk. The link between hydrogen permeation and surface concentration is unveiled using a novel combination of thin film preparation and surface science analysis to probe and intentionally modify the surface properties of palladium vanadium composite membranes. The in situ preparation allows for observation of ultra‐clean hydrogenation and the quantification of the permeation as a function of temperature and pressure. The sub‐surface hydrogen concentration is determined by operando reflecting electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) and surface elemental characterization by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy under oxygen‐free conditions as a function of pressure and temperature, from which the surface hydrogen pressure‐composition isotherms are derived. The energy dependence of REELS reveals that the VHx layer exhibits a hydrogen concentration gradient. Modeling of the permeation behavior and surface hydrogen concentration yields activation energies in good agreement with similar hydrogen absorbing thin film systems for the overall process, the dissociation at the Pd surface, the diffusion in the membrane, and the dissociation at the V surface. The bulk thermodynamic properties of the metal hydride govern the desorption process.
Aluminum Bowties for Plasmonic‐Enhanced Infrared Sensing
Authors: Najem Melissa , Carcenac Franck , Taliercio Thierry , Gonzalez‐Posada Fernando 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlasmonic nanoantennas have earned outstanding credits for their powerful ability to couple light from free‐space into sub‐wavelength‐sized structures and to enhance the electric field confinement. One of the most appealing plasmonic applications is biosensing: to detect and identify many bio‐information of a molecule in a single test. Consequently, surface enhanced spectroscopy in a broad infrared (IR) range is required. In this article, a barcode‐like nanostructured surface of a metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) platform serves as optical transducer with tunable localized surface resonances (LSPR). The conception, fabrication, and optical characterization of periodic arrays of aluminum bowties (Al‐BT) within a MIM structure compatible with Si‐technology are reported. LSPR positions are extended by controlling the side length of the tip‐to‐tip facing triangles. The reflectance measurements correlate extremely well to numerical simulations. The simulated electrical field confinement provides up to 103 of intensity relying on the tip‐to‐tip nanogap value. Surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) gives simultaneously spectral information on both far‐field behavior and near‐field enhancement of several vibrational lines of our trial molecule (vanillin) achieved with the barcode‐like Al‐BT. The analysis of Fano‐like profiles is concluded with SEIRA enhancement factors higher than 107 for frequency tuning ratios below 1 between the far‐field plasmonic resonances and the selected vanillin IR absorption lines.
Optical Manipulation of the Rashba Effect in Germanium Quantum Wells
Authors: Rossi Simone , Talamas Simola Enrico , Raimondo Marta , Acciarri Maurizio , Pedrini Jacopo , Balocchi Andrea , Marie Xavier , Isella Giovanni , Pezzoli Fabio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Rashba effect in Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 multiple quantum wells embedded in a p‐i‐n diode is studied through polarization and time‐resolved photoluminescence. In addition to a sizeable redshift arising from the quantum‐confined Stark effect, a threefold enhancement of the circular polarization degree of the direct transition is obtained by increasing the pump power over a 2 kW cm−2 range. This marked variation reflects an efficient modulation of the spin population and is further supported by dedicated investigations of the indirect gap transition. This study demonstrates a viable strategy to engineer the spin‐orbit Hamiltonian through contactless optical excitation and opens the way toward the electro‐optical manipulation of spins in quantum devices based on group‐IV heterostructures.
TMO‐Derived γ‐MnO2Nanosheets for Harmonic Soliton Molecule Pulses Generation
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Peng Jiajun , Qu Mengjia , Jiang Cheng , Xi Sunfan , Chen Enci , Hui Zhanqiang , Chen Xiaohan , Zhang Ziyang , Zhao Xiao‐Xia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe interaction of 2D materials with ultrashort laser excitation generates fiber soliton pulses with extreme nonlinear absorption characteristics, which are essential for generating ultrafast pulses. However, searching for suitable nanomaterials to achieve versatile photonic properties is difficult. Factors such as cost, manufacturing process complexity, optical response time, and nonlinear absorption effects make the balance between high performance and low cost a constant challenge, greatly hindering the research and development of ultrafast photonics technology. For fiber soliton pulse systems, γ‐MnO2, as a transition metal oxide (TMO), shows excellent potential among many candidate nanomaterials due to its rich narrow‐band optoelectronic microstructural features and nonlinear optical properties. In this work, this fundamental trade‐off is overcome and γ‐MnO2is investigated as a nonlinear optical material for multifunctional fiber soliton pulsed lasers. The outputs of conventional soliton pulses, 23rd order harmonic soliton‐molecule picosecond pulses, continuous and soliton pulse waves coexist in dual‐wavelength, and soliton rain pulses are obtained simultaneously, successfully achieving a technological breakthrough in nanophotonics and pulse dynamics. It is demonstrated that MnO2has a broad application prospect for generating nonlinear effects such as fiber optic soliton pulses, which provides an effective and rich theoretical support for developing ultrafast photonics of narrow‐band optoelectronic materials.
Carbon quantum dots improve the mechanical behavior of polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol hydrogel
Authors: Hu Feng , Lu Hailin , Xu Guangshen , Lv Leifeng , Chen Lu , Shao Zhonglei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs the wear and tear effects of artificial joints disturb patients after joint replacement, techniques of new lubrication materials or methods are constantly being investigated. Hydrothermal method was adopted to produce carbon quantum dots (CDs), and physically cross‐linked polyvinyl alcohol‐polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PVA‐PEG) to encapsulate CDs, which was evaluated as a lubricant for lubrication appraisal with their slow‐release solution. Results of the friction experiment showed that the addition of CDs changed the structure of the gel and promoted the tribological properties of the gel. The structural characterization results show that the CDs are successfully wrapped in gel. The network cross‐linked structure of the gel is improved due to the addition of CDs, which are shown by the results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). At the same time, CDs can influence the thermal stability and crystallinity of the gel as well as the degree of cross‐linking. These results of TGA and DSC suggest that the curled molecular chain will not be stretched during the gel cross‐linking process. After 2 h of self‐healing, the recovered gel did not break again under the pull of external force. All these contribute to the preparation and application of hydrogels which is worth looking forward to accelerate the development of polymer lubrication.
Interval observer‐based consensus control of discrete‐time multi‐agent systems under stealthy attacks
Authors: You Renyang , Xiang Guoliang , Guo Shenghui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, interval observer‐based consensus control is developed for multi‐agent systems with unknown input signals, sensor noises, and stealthy attack signals. Compared with the conventional robust observer, the interval observer has more relaxed preconditions for the systems, so the interval observer is more extensive. First, design an interval observer for each subsystem and linearly transform into a form that is easy to obtain the coefficient matrices of the interval observer. Then, based on the upper bound estimation of the observer, design a consensus control protocol, and the
technique is used to suppress the unknown input signals. Finally, a numerical simulation example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and correctness of the developed method.
Genomic and immune microenvironment profiling in a case of metastatic intrathyroid thymic carcinoma
Authors: Ishii Hiroki , Tsujikawa Takahiro , Oishi Naoki , Kinouchi Arisa , Sakamoto Kaname , Mitsuda Junichi , Ogi Hiroshi , Itoh Kyoko , Kondo Tetsuo , Hirano Shigeru , Sakurai Daiju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetastatic intrathyroid thymic carcinoma (ITTC) is a rare cancer with no effective drugs for controlling. This case report has shown genomic and immune microenvironment profiles in metastatic ITTC and emphasized an immunosuppression via a PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway, possibly strengthening the rationale for immune checkpoint blockade as a novel treatment.
Lung abscess caused by Rhodococcus equi in a patient with advanced retroviral disease
Authors: Chang Chee Yik , Ong Edmund L. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRhodococcus equi is a Gram‐positive coccobacillus bacterium commonly found on dry surface soil of farming and livestock properties. This organism is a rare cause of subacute, necrotizing infection, and mostly causes cavitary pneumonia and lung abscess, especially in immunocompromised hosts with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Fermentation Process Control and Optimization
Authors: Chai Wan Ying , Teo Kenneth Tze Kin , Tan Min Keng , Tham Heng Jin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProcess control and optimization is important in ensuring a process in sustaining profitable income while maintaining the required quality. The fermentation process has attracted attention from food processing, pharmaceutical energy, and waste treatment industries due to its lower impact on the environment and lower operating cost than the conventional chemical process. However, its control and monitoring are relatively complex as living cell activity is not easily comprehended and highly nonlinear. Various control techniques applied in the fermentation process are reviewed, including a summary of the control objective, manipulated and controlled variables chosen, and their strengths and limitations in determining the optimal fermentation process.
Advances in the Transition Metal‐Free C—H Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Chen Demao , Jiang Jianwen , Wan Jie‐Ping 
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive SummaryTrifluoromethyl group is one of the most frequently available and promising functional groups in pharmaceutical, agrochemical as well as material molecules. Developing synthetic methods for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl functionalized compounds by trifluoromethylation reactions occupies significant position in modern organic chemistry. On the other hand, as a typical tool of sustainable synthesis, transition metal‐free synthesis possesses unique advantages in atom economy, easy product purification as well as excellent eco‐tolerance. Consequently, transition metal‐free trifluoromethylation reactions constitute the most important approaches for accessing trifluoromethylated molecules. Herein, the advances in the transition metal‐free C—H trifluoromethylation reactions are reviewed for the first time. According to the updated state‐of‐art, both the catalytic reactions by conventional heating chemistry and the more sustainable photocatalysis are included, covering the trifluoromethylation reactions of C(sp3)–H bond, aromatic C(sp2)–H bond as well as the non‐aromatic C(sp2)–H bond in different substrates over the last five years (2017—2021).