bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’économie de plantation et le statut des ḥarāṭīn dans l’Adrar tmar
Authors: Bonte Pierre 
Published: May 2022

À partir d’enquêtes de terrain menées entre 1970 et 1985 dans l’Adrar tmar, « l’Adrar des dattes », et de la consultation des archives du cercle d’Atar, en particulier des recensements de l’époque coloniale, Pierre Bonte traite d’un des parcours des populations ḥarāṭīn sahariennes en relation avec le développement de l’économie de plantation des palmiers-dattiers. Liée au développement de l’habitat qsûrien dans les cités caravanières, la croissance des palmeraies de l’Adrar, d’abord lente au début du XIX e siècle, s’est accélérée dans la seconde moitié de ce siècle, puis sous la colonisation, grâce à l’utilisation de la force de travail d’origine servile. Le fiqh , distinguant la propriété du sol de celle des plantations qu’il porte, a favorisé le recours à l’affranchissement et le développement de formes contractuelles de travail de ces populations, dont les modalités sont détaillées (contrats de métayage, de complant, etc.). Les stratégies d’affranchissement concernent aussi les femmes par le biais des mariages. L’exemple de la palmeraie d’al-Meddaḥ, située au sud-ouest de l’Adrar, illustre la diversité des statuts – sociaux, économiques, fonciers – et des trajectoires personnelles des ḥarāṭīn dans le contexte de cette économie de plantation. Une des conclusions de cet article souligne la forte mobilité géographique de ces ḥarāṭīn pour bénéficier de nouvelles solidarités et protections.
Entreprises transnationales françaises et crime de colonisation par peuplement au Sahara Occidental
Authors: Quéré Antoine 
Published: May 2022

Les ressources économiques du Sahara Occidental sont nombreuses et attirent les entreprises étrangères, dont les entreprises françaises. Le droit pénal français pourrait contrarier les stratégies de ces acteurs privés : en effet, l’article 461-26 du Code pénal réprime le crime de colonisation par peuplement. Cette infraction nécessite d’établir l’existence d’une situation d’occupation et d’un conflit armé international. Est-ce le cas en l’espèce ? Les entreprises ont-elles conscience de violer la loi pénale et le font-elles volontairement ? Surtout, quels types d’activités économiques sont susceptibles de constituer matériellement le crime de colonisation par peuplement et comment rattacher et imputer ce crime à des fictions juridiques que sont les entreprises transnationales françaises ?
Le paradoxe de la démocratie participative dans la gestion du bien culturel de Tombouctou
Authors: Traoré Hadizatou 
Published: May 2022

La présente contribution se propose d’aborder la mise en œuvre de ce qui est communément appelé aujourd’hui « démocratie participative » dans la gestion du bien culturel de Tombouctou. Le mode de gestion séculaire de ce patrimoine revêtait les allures d’une gestion participative bien qu’il existe une hiérarchie parmi les acteurs locaux en charge de cette gestion. Nous verrons cependant comment paradoxalement cette politique de démocratie participative de l’Unesco et de l’État malien a entraîné des changements qui auraient en partie contribué à accentuer cette hiérarchie, susciter des tensions, exclure par la même occasion certains acteurs de la gestion tout en en privilégiant d’autres.
La notion d’« artisanat d’art » au Niger
Authors: Boucksom Audrey 
Published: May 2022

Au Niger, les services spécialisés dans la Politique Nationale de Développement de l’Artisanat (PNDA) considèrent l’artisanat d’art d’un point de vue essentiellement économique, entraînant une occultation de sa dimension culturelle. Cette vision héritée de la période coloniale est problématique car, dans la culture populaire, l’artisanat et l’art ne font pas l’objet d’une distinction, ils y sont considérés comme un tout, et aucun des deux n’est supérieur à l’autre. On comprend d’ailleurs toutes les limites d’une telle séparation rien qu’en utilisant le terme « artisanat d’art » ! La question est ici de déterminer en quoi la (mé)compréhension de la notion d’artisanat d’art par les pouvoirs publics nigériens et leurs partenaires étrangers est liée à une approche européocentrée, inadaptée à la réalité du Niger, dont l’une des principales conséquences est l’invisibilisation de l’individu créateur dans la promotion du secteur.
Efficience et mécanismes de mise en œuvre de l’approche systémique stratégique dans la résolution des conflits au travail
Authors: Becuwe Audrey , Vitry Grégoire 
Published: May 2022

Plusieurs auteurs montrent que l’approche systémique et stratégique des interventions en organisation est efficiente. Cependant, ces démonstrations se basent sur des études de cas ou de petits échantillons qui ne permettent pas de généraliser les résultats. C’est pourquoi nous mesurons quantitativement l’efficience des interventions systémiques stratégiques. La population de l’étude quantitative est basée sur les données issues du réseau de recherche Syprene. L’efficience est mesurée sur la base de trois indicateurs : le GHQ-12, l’échelle de résolution des problèmes, et le nombre de séances d’intervention réalisées. Nous complétons ces données par l’observation d’un intervenant systémique missionné pour résoudre un double conflit de hiérarchie et d’autorité afin de décrire les processus de changement et d’intervention à l’origine des résultats obtenus. Premièrement, notre étude est la première à proposer des outils de mesure de l’efficience des interventions systémiques dans la sphère professionnelle. Deuxièmement, notre étude quantitative confirme dans le champ du travail les résultats sur l’efficience de l’approche stratégique systémique dans le champ de la santé mentale (Vitry et al., 2020). Enfin, à partir du concept fondateur de tentative de solution, notre étude qualitative permet de décrire et de rendre tangible le processus dysfonctionnel qui alimente les difficultés et conflits au travail. Nos résultats nous invitent à préconiser de sensibiliser à l’approche systémique les acteurs susceptibles d’accompagner les personnes en situation de conflit, mais aussi les acteurs RH. Nos travaux pourraient être complétés par l’évaluation de l’efficience d’une consultation en organisation combinant des interventions à la fois sur les structures organisationnelles et sur les relations interpersonnelles pour résoudre durablement les conflits au travail.
Comparative evaluation of subgingival microbiome in healthy periodontium and gingivitis using next-generation sequencing technology
Authors: Vishnu R Arvinth , Alamelu Swarna , Arun KV , Sujitha P , Ganesh P.R. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Human dental plaque is a complex microbial community containing millions of species. Gingivitis is a dysregulated immune-inflammatory response induced by dysbiotic plaque biofilm that interrupts symbiosis. The emergence of next-generation sequencing with 16S rRNA gene has greatly contributed in understanding the complexity of microbiota. However, studies focusing on microbiome in gingivitis are limited. The whole bacterial community is important in causing periodontal disease than a small number of periodontal pathogens. In this study, we attempted to profile the subgingival microbiome from individuals with healthy gingiva and in patients with gingivitis using next-generation sequencing technology.

Materials and Methods:
Subgingival plaque samples from 15 healthy periodontium (Group I) and 15 gingivitis (Group II) were collected and 16s rRNA sequencing was done in Illumina Solexa Sequencer. Data analysis using 16s metagenomics tool from BaseSpace onsite operational taxonomic units was assigned to each sequence using HOMD database. Individual variation in the microbiome of the subgingival samples between the two groups was also evaluated.

Results:
The comparison of top 20 species between Group I and Group II revealed no significant species group between them. Synergistetes was absent in Group I samples but found in Group II. At the genus level, HACEK group species were found in both the groups, while Dialister and Aneroglobus were found abundantly in the Group II.

Conclusion:
The presence of unique genera and species seen in Group II samples could point toward a dysbiotic shift that could be taking place in the subgingival environment leading to gingivitis.
Cardiovascular and Osteoporosis Protection at Menopause with Lycopene
Authors: Meeta Meeta , Sharma Sudhaa , Unni Jyothi , Khandelwal Sunila , Choranur Ambuja , Malik Sonia 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The effect of lycopene (LycoRed) supplementation was evaluated in healthy postmenopausal women by biochemical markers for cardiovascular protection and osteoporosis protection.

Study Settings and Design:
This was a multi-centric placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial that screened 198 postmenopausal women at 21 centers across 12 cities in India. Levels of lycopene, lipid profile, high-risk C-reactive protein, and bone turnover markers: amino-terminal propeptide of Type I collagen (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of Type I collagen (β-CTx) were measured at baseline and 6 months postsupplementation with LycoRed or placebo.

Interventions:
The study was completed with 57 of the 100 women on LycoRed 8 mg (antioxidant potency is equivalent to 24 mg of lycopene) and 43 placebos for 6 months by randomization.

Main Outcome Measures:
Rise in serum lycopene and effect of serum lycopene on surrogate markers of cardiovascular health and bone health.

Results:
LycoRed supplementation increases lycopene levels and P1NP and nonsignificant fall in β-CTx levels in healthy postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:
Lycopene supplementation in Indian menopausal women may confer protection from osteoporosis as shown by the directional change in the surrogate biochemical markers. This study can form a basis for larger studies with different doses to understand the effect of lycopene to prevent and act as adjuvant treatment on clinical endpoints for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone health.
Prevalence of classified groups of health problems in the local, internally displaced persons, and Afghan people in the District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Health problems are one of the global concerns and affected mostly human well-being and performance.

Aims:
The current study determined the prevalence of different classified groups of health problems in the local, internally displaced persons, and Afghan people living in Bannu during 2016–2019.

Settings and Design/Methods and Materials:
This is a retrospective study. Data were taken from the official computerized record of all patients who visited the outpatient department in the Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital, Bannu, for diagnosis and treatment during the study period.

Statistical Analysis:
Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to determine the significant difference, followed by post hoc tests pairwise.

Results:
Aggregate data for the said period indicated medical category with 18.2% health cases, followed by children (11.4%), eye (10.7%), chest (9.4%), and orthopedic (7.9%). Each of the remaining health problems showed ≤5.7% prevalence. Men demonstrated 37.1% of health cases, followed by women (35.4%), and children (27.5%). The local population showed a less annual prevalence of cases in 2016 compared to the remaining years, while internally displaced persons contributed 29.5% and 9.8% of overall cases in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Afghans accounted for <0.2% annually and an aggregate of 0.15% of overall cases. The local population data also indicated health problems were highest in men (≥37.4%) followed by women (≤37.2%) each year from 2016 to 2019, while internally displaced person data showed children had the highest prevalence (≥39.8%) of health cases followed by women (≤30.3%) each in 2016 and 2017. Afghan men showed the highest prevalence (35.5%) of all Afghan cases, followed by Afghan children (33.2%) in 2016, while Afghan women showed the highest prevalence of ≥39.8% of all Afghan cases annually during 2017-2019, followed by Afghan children (≤36%). The local population accounted for 91.4% of cases, followed by internally displaced persons 8.5%, and Afghan people 0.1% of cases.

Conclusions:
Overall, medical group and men showed the highest number of cases. The local population showed higher cases during 2017–2019. Both Afghan men and women showed reduced prevalence and increased prevalence during 2018–2019 and 2019, respectively.
Nationwide Surveillance of Pfhrp2 Exon 2 Diversity in Plasmodium falciparum Circulating in Symptomatic Malaria Patients Living in Ghana
Authors: Bredu Dorcas G. , Ahadzi George K. , Donu Dickson , Peprah Nana Y. , Asamoah Alexander , Asumah George A. , Abuaku Benjamin , Asare Kwame K. , Obiri-Yeboah Dorcas , Ford Colby T. , Lo Eugenia , Malm Keziah L. , Amoah Linda E. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT.
Reports of increasing false-negative HRP2-based rapid diagnostic test results across Africa require constant monitoring of factors associated with these false-negative outcomes, as failure of this diagnostic tool will have severe consequences on malaria treatment and control programs. This study characterized the extent of genetic diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pfhrp2) gene in P. falciparum isolates from symptomatic malaria patients across the regions of Ghana. Exon 2 of Pfhrp2 was amplified from gDNA using polymerase chain reaction. All Pfhrp2-negative samples were subjected to Pf18S rRNA and Pfmsp2 gene amplifications. The amplified Pfhrp2 exon 2 fragments from clonal samples were sent for commercial Sanger sequencing. The type and number of PfHRP2 repeats, classified based on repeat types previously reported, were estimated from the sequence data and compared among geographical regions. About 81% (2,333/2,890) of the original microscopy positive dried blood spot (DBS) samples were available and used in this study. The Pfhrp2 exon 2 amplification was successful in 98.5% (2,297/2,333) of the tested samples, with band size ranging from 400 bp to 1,050 bp. A total of 13 out of the 24 previously reported repeat types were identified among the samples, with three samples lacking both type 2 and type 7 repeat motifs. This study suggested that the genetic diversity of Pfhrp2 exon 2 identified in P. falciparum circulating in symptomatic malaria patients in Ghana is unlikely to influence the sensitivity and specificity of HRP2 RDT-based diagnosis.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Jasa dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Customer Satisfaction Pada Bayu Lagoon Resto Tebing Tinggi
Authors: Damanik Ira Hairani Br , Lubis Anggia Sari , Siregar Horia 
Published: May 2022

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of service quality and product quality on customers’ satisfaction at Bayu Lagoon Resto Tebing Tinggi. The type of the research was quantitative descriptive research. The approach used was survey method. The poupulation of the researchwas the customer in Bayu Lagoon Resto Tebing Tinggi consisted of 900 consumers. The number of samples selected in thi research were 90 customers. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by interview, questionnaire, observation, and the combination among them. Technique of analyzing the data was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study at a significant level of 5% indicate that (1) Service Quality of Service had a positive effect on Customer Satisfaction proved by tobserved 4.438 with a significant value of 0.000 lower than 0.05 (0.000 <0.05). (2) Product quality had a positive effect on Customer Satisfaction proved by t-observed of 5.080 with a significant value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05). While, the determination test was 57.6%. Then the effect of differentiation in service quality and product quality on customer satisfaction was 57.6%, while the remaining 42.4% was affected by other variables unexamined in this research.
Notas sobre o papel da evolução técnica na produção e crítica de literatura eletrônica
Authors: Moura Cláudio 
Published: May 2022

Este artigo discute o papel, por vezes negligenciado, da evolução técnica no que diz respeito à abordagem tanto de obras quanto de ferramentas ligadas à práxis da Literatura Eletrônica. Para tanto, dialoga com escritos sobre o tema em específico (BARNET, 2013, BARNET; ELDREDGE, 2004, ELDREDGE, 2011) para apontar a possibilidade de uma forma mensurável de aferição dessa evolução e de suas etapas ao longo do tempo por meio da observação da Lei de Moore (MOORE, 1965). A partir daí, tomando como exemplo o software de escrita hipertextual Storyspace (BOLTER; JOYCE, 1987), propõe conceitos tais quais os de contexto tecno-histórico e tecnoanacronia e discute o passível risco que se incorre quando da não-observância de suas premissas durante o exercício crítico acerca dos objetos tecnológicos.
Teenager dietary behavior and health literacy in China: influencing factors and coping strategies
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Li , Li Na , Xu Dong , Ye Hong 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionUnderstanding health literacy is important for formulating health policies and conducting public health interventions. We aimed to evaluate the status quo and influencing factors of teenager dietary behavior and health literacy in China, to provide insights to the coping strategies of teenager health.Material and methodsFrom March 1 2021 to May 15, 2021, teenagers in four high schools in Bengbu, China were selected. The "Interactive Health Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Teenagers "(IHLQCT) was used for assessing health literacy. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the relationship between dietary behavior patterns, IHLQCT and individual characteristics.ResultsA total of 1920 teenagers were included. The average score of IHLQCT was (72.45±8.99). Mixed linear analyses showed that parents' educational level (β=-0.11, 95%CI: -0.19, 0.05), monthly family income (β=0.08, 95%CI:0.02, 0.16), IHLQCT scores (β=0.15, 95%CI: 0.10, 0.23) were associated with the risky dietary behavior patterns in teenagers (all P<0.05). Only child (β=-0.12, 95%CI: -0.35, -0.09), parents' educational level (β=0.49, 95%CI:0.13, 0.95) monthly family income (β=0.14, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.38), IHLQCT scores (β=0.45, 95%CI: 0.24, 0.69) were associated with the protecting dietary behavior patterns (all P<0.05). Only child (β=-0.16, 95%CI: -0.41, -0.07), parents' educational level (β=0.49, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.82) monthly family income (β=0.17, 95%CI: 0.10, 0.41), risky dietary behavior patterns (β=0.34, 95%CI: 0.14, 0.83), protecting dietary behavior patterns (β=0.22, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.51) were associated with the IHLQCT (all P<0.05).ConclusionsTeenager dietary behavior is closely associated with health literacy. There are differences in the dietary behaviors of teenagers under different family characteristics in China.
Smoke in the river: an Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) case study
Authors: Flamant Cyrille , Gaetani Marco , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Chazette Patrick , Cuesta Juan , Piketh Stuart John , Formenti Paola 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. The formation of a river of smoke crossing southern Africa was investigated during the Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA)
campaign in September 2017. A complementary set of global and mesoscale
numerical simulations as well as ground-based, airborne and space-borne
observations of the dynamics, thermodynamics and composition of the
atmosphere are used to characterize the river of smoke in terms of timing
and vertical extent of the biomass burning aerosol (BBA) layer. The study area was under the synoptic influence of a coastal low rooted in a tropical easterly wave and a high-pressure system over the continent and westerly waves at mid latitudes, one of which had an embedded cut-off low (CoL). The coastal low interacted with the second of two approaching
westerly waves and ultimately formed a mid-level tropical temperate trough (TTT). The TTT created the fast-moving air mass transported to the southwestern Indian Ocean as a river of smoke. The CoL, which developed and
intensified in the upper levels associated with the first (easternmost)
westerly wave, remained stationary above northern Namibia prior to the
formation of the TTT and was responsible for the thickening of the BBA
layer. This shows that the evolution of the river of smoke is very much tied to the evolution of the TTT, while its vertical extent is related to the presence of the CoL. The mechanisms by which the CoL, observed over Namibia in the entrance region of the river of smoke, influences the vertical structure of the BBA layer is mainly associated with the ascending motion above the BBA layer. In the presence of the CoL, the top of the BBA layer over northern Namibia reaches altitudes above 8 km. This is much higher than the average height of the top of the BBA layer over the regions where the smoke comes from (Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique), which is 5 to 6 km. The results suggest that the interaction between the TTTs and the CoLs which form during the winter may have a role in promoting the transport of BBA from fire-prone regions in the tropical band to the temperate mid latitudes and the southwestern Indian Ocean.
The effects of spatial and temporal resolution of gridded meteorological forcing on watershed hydrological responses
Authors: Shuai Pin , Chen Xingyuan , Mital Utkarsh , Coon Ethan T. , Dwivedi Dipankar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Meteorological forcing plays a critical role in accurately simulating the watershed hydrological cycle. With the advancement of high-performance computing and the development of integrated watershed models, simulating the watershed hydrological cycle at high temporal (hourly to daily) and spatial resolution (tens of meters) has become efficient and computationally affordable. These hyperresolution watershed models require high resolution of meteorological forcing as model input to ensure the fidelity and accuracy of simulated responses. In this study, we utilized the Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS), an integrated watershed model, to simulate surface and subsurface flow and land surface processes using unstructured meshes at the Coal Creek Watershed near Crested Butte (Colorado). We compared simulated watershed hydrologic responses including streamflow and distributed variables such as evapotranspiration, snow water equivalent (SWE), and groundwater table driven by three publicly available, gridded meteorological forcings (GMFs) – Daily Surface Weather and Climatological Summaries (Daymet), the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM), and the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). By comparing various spatial resolutions (ranging from 400 m to 4 km) of PRISM, the simulated streamflow only becomes marginally worse when spatial resolution of meteorological forcing is coarsened to 4 km (or 30 % of the watershed area). However, the 4 km-resolution has much worse performance than finer resolution in spatially distributed variables such as SWE. Using the temporally disaggregated PRISM, we compared models forced by different temporal resolutions (hourly to daily), and sub-daily resolution preserves the dynamic watershed responses (e.g., diurnal fluctuation of streamflow) that are absent in results forced by daily resolution. Conversely, the simulated streamflow shows better performance using daily resolution compared to that using sub-daily resolution. Our findings suggest that the choice of GMF and its spatiotemporal resolution depends on the quantity of interest and its spatial and temporal scale, which may have important implications for model calibration and watershed management decisions.