bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration in BMI gain following COVID‐19 restrictions. A longitudinal study with 7‐ to 10‐year‐old primary school children
Authors: Jarnig Gerald , Jaunig Johannes , Kerbl Reinhold , Strenger Volker , Haeusler Gabriele , van Poppel Mireille N. M. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe ramifications of COVID‐19 restrictions might accelerate the already rising proportion of children with overweight or obesity.ObjectivesTo assess the association between COVID‐19 restrictions and changes in body mass index (BMI) and the proportion of children with overweight or obesity.MethodsCohort study with baseline measurements in September 2019 (prior to COVID‐19 restrictions) and follow‐up in June 2020, September 2020, and March 2021 at 12 primary schools in Austria. The height and weight of 738 children aged 7 to 10 years were measured and age‐ and sex‐specific national and international standardized values were calculated. Changes over time were analysed by analysis of variance.ResultsMean BMIIOTF standard deviation scores (SDS) increased by 0.24 (95% CI, 0.21–0.28) between September 2019 and March 2021. The proportion of children with overweight or obesity increased from 20.7% to 26.2% during this period (p < 0.001) using national reference values—EQUI BMIAUT—comparable results were observed. Simultaneously, the heightAUT SDS increased by 0.06 (95% CI, 0.05–0.08) with a larger increase in girls (+0.11; p < 0.001) than in boys (+0.03; p = 0.19).ConclusionsCOVID‐19 restrictions were associated with accelerated increases in mean BMI and the proportion of children with overweight or obesity. The increase in height SDS in girls calls for further investigations.
ATPase subunits of the 26S proteasome are important for oocyte maturation in the brown planthopper
Authors: Cheng Xu , Wang Wei , Zhang Lu , Yang Rui‐Rui , Ma Ya , Bao Yan‐Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 26S proteasome is the major engine of protein degradation in all eukaryotic cells. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) regulatory subunits (Rpts) are constituents of the proteasome that are involved in the unfolding and translocation of substrate proteins into the core particle. In this study, by using the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens as a model insect, we report the biological importance of Rpts in female reproduction. We identified six homologous Rpt genes (Rpt1‐6) in N. lugens. These genes were detected at high transcript levels in eggs and ovaries of females but at low transcript levels in males. RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of N. lugens Rpt genes significantly decreased the proteolytic activity of the proteasome and impeded the transcription of triacylglycerol lipase and vitellogenin genes in the fat bodies and ovaries of adult females and reduced the triglyceride content in the ovaries. The decrease in the proteolytic activity of the proteasome via knockdown of Rpts also downregulated the transcription of the CYP307A2 gene encoding an important rate‐limiting enzyme in the 20‐hydroxyecdysone biosynthetic pathway in the ovaries, reduced 20E production in adult females and impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation, leading to the failure of egg production and egg‐laying. These novel findings indicate that Rpts are required for the proteolytic activity of the proteasome, which is important for female reproductive success in N. lugens.
Does the global migration matter? The impact of top ten cities migration on native nationals income and employment levels
Authors: Ji Gang , Cheng Xiwu , Kannaiah Desti , Shabbir Malik Shahzad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince industrialization migration has been a continuous phenomenon, it invigorates innovations and technologies. Due to this reason, several research questions aroused that either the migration has any causal effect on employment opportunities for native people from global developed economies. Moreover, the role of migration affects the national income of the economies due to internal mobility and expansion of the cities. An instrumental variable model with a fixed effect is used to analyse the data. The study has used twenty years annual data set start from 2000 to 2019. The data have taken from World Development Indicator (WDI) and the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD). The results explore that employment opportunities at the individual level are affected by the presence of a foreign workforce. Moreover, migrant population pressure could be a possible reason for the decrease in available work opportunities for the native labour force. However, the national income does not get affect by the incursion of migrants from outward boundaries of the international cities. The overall findings of this study concluded that global migration matters seriously but at the individual level and particular kinds of work opportunities have stressed due to immigration, but the overall impact is subtle.
First report of acanthocephalan parasite, Longicollum pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1935 in cultured red snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus) in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Li‐Wu , Rao Shreesha , Wang Pei‐Chi , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor the first time, Longicollum pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1935, an acanthocephalan parasite, has been characterized with morphological, histopathological and molecular detail in farmed red snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus) in Taiwan. The diseased fish showed clinical signs of anorexia, emaciation and were gasping for air at the water's surface. Gross examination revealed extensive necrosis in the intestine and even penetration at the site of parasitic attachment, resulting in a large number of parasites being lodged in the peritoneal cavity, surrounded by black hyperplastic connective tissue. The parasites collected from the intestine were studied using optical microscopy, histopathology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular phylogenetic analysis. They were creamy white in colour, and were separated into their proboscis, neck and metasoma (trunk) under optical microscopy. Histopathological examination revealed ovarian balls (floating ovaries) inside the ligament sac and eggs within the egg sorting apparatus. The SEM images revealed that the proboscis had 11–14 longitudinal rows with 9–12 recurrent, backward‐facing, organized hooks. In the 18S and 28S phylogenetic tree, sequences of the specimens were identical to those of other Longicollum pagrosomi, in addition to the morphological features. Thus, we confirmed that the parasites belonged to Longicollum pagrosomi in this study.
Relationship between occupational stress, sleep disturbance, and presenteeism of shiftwork nurses
Authors: Baek Jihyun , Ki Jison , Ryu Jaegeum , Smi Choi‐Kwon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationships between occupational stress, sleep disturbance, and presenteeism in shiftwork nurses in South Korea.DesignThis cross‐sectional study used survey data from 442 shiftwork nurses at two hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected between March 2018 and April 2020.MethodsA self‐reported questionnaire was used to assess shiftwork nurses’ demographic and job‐related information, presenteeism, occupational stress, and sleep disturbance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and the PROCESS macro.FindingsThe mean presenteeism score was 39.52. Multiple regression analysis revealed that job insecurity, interpersonal conflict, occupational climate, lack of reward, and job demand are significantly associated with presenteeism. Sleep disturbance was related to presenteeism and had a moderating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and presenteeism.ConclusionsThis study indicates that proper occupational climate, positive interpersonal relationships, and adequate sleep can reduce shiftwork presenteeism. Therefore, individual and organizational efforts to alleviate occupational stress and sleep disturbances are essential.Clinical relevanceOrganizational support is needed to maintain a positive occupational climate and interpersonal relationships and ameliorate sleep disturbance among shiftwork nurses.
Anatomical effects on the relationship between brain arterial diameter and length: The Northern Manhattan Study
Authors: Omran Setareh Salehi , Khasiyev Farid , Zhang Cen , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. , Wright Clinton B. , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Gutierrez Jose 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn patients with dolichoectasia, it is uncertain how dilatation and/or elongation relate to each other. We aimed to examine the correlation between arterial diameter and length within arteries and across the circle of Willis (COW).MethodsWe included stroke‐free participants in the Northern Manhattan Study who underwent magnetic resonance angiography. Intracranial artery diameters and lengths were obtained with semiautomated commercial software and were adjusted for head size. We first investigated the correlation between diameters and length using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We then built generalized linear models adjusted for demographics and risk factors.ResultsAmong 1210 participants included in the analysis (mean age 71 ± 9 years, 59% women, 65% Hispanic), a larger basilar artery (BA) diameter correlated with greater BA length (r = .3), and left and right middle cerebral artery (MCA) diameters correlated with one another (r = .4). Across the COW, BA diameter correlated with MCA diameters (r = .3 for both). In adjusted analyses, MCA diameters were associated with larger posterior circulation diameters (β = 0.07), MCA and BA lengths (β = 0.003 and β = 0.002, respectively), presence of fetal posterior cerebral artery (PCA), (β = 0.11), and a complete COW (β = –0.02). Similarly, BA length was associated with a fetal PCA (β = 1.1), and BA diameter was associated with anterior circulation diameters (β = 0.15) and presence of fetal PCA (β = –0.4).ConclusionsCOW configuration should be considered when using arterial diameter cutoffs to define dolichoectasia. Further studies are needed to discern whether arterial diameter or length best identify individuals at risk of vascular events attributable to dolichoectasia.
Automatic deep learning multicontrast corpus callosum segmentation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Brusini Irene , Platten Michael , Ouellette Russell , Piehl Fredrik , Wang Chunliang , Granberg Tobias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeCorpus callosum (CC) atrophy is predictive of future disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current segmentation methods are either labor‐ or computationally intensive. We therefore developed an automated deep learning‐based CC segmentation tool and hypothesized that its output would correlate with disability.MethodsA cohort of 631 MS patients (449 females, baseline age 41 ± 11 years) with both 3‐dimensional T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI was used for the development. Data from 204 patients were manually segmented to train convolutional neural networks in extracting the midsagittal intracranial and CC areas. Remaining data were used to compare segmentations with FreeSurfer and benchmark the outputs with regard to clinical correlations. A 1.5 and 3 Tesla reproducibility cohort of 9 MS patients evaluated the segmentation robustness.ResultsThe deep learning‐based tool was accurate in selecting the appropriate slice for segmentation (98% accuracy within 3 mm of the manual ground truth) and segmenting the CC (Dice coefficient .88‐.91) and intracranial areas (.97‐.98). The accuracy was lower with higher atrophy. Reproducibility was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient > .90) for T1‐weighted scans and moderate‐good for FLAIR (.74‐.75). Segmentations were associated with baseline and future (average follow‐up time 6‐7 years) Expanded Disability Status Scale (ρ = –.13 to –.24) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (r = .18‐.29) scores.ConclusionsWe present a fully automatic deep learning‐based CC segmentation tool optimized to modern imaging in MS with clinical correlations on par with computationally expensive alternatives.
Environment, public debt, and epidemics
Authors: Davin Marion , Fodha Mouez , Seegmuller Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study whether fiscal policies, especially public debt, can help to curb the macroeconomic and health consequences of epidemics. Our approach is based on three main features: we introduce the dynamics of epidemics in an overlapping generations model to take into account that old people are more vulnerable; people are more easily infected when pollution is high; public spending in health care and public debt can be used to tackle the effects of epidemics. We show that fiscal policies can promote convergence to a stable disease‐free steady state. When public policies are not able to permanently eradicate the epidemic, public debt, and income transfers could reduce the number of infected people and increase capital and GDP per capita. As a prerequisite, pollution intensity should not be too high. Finally, we define a household subsidy policy that eliminates income and welfare inequalities between healthy and infected individuals.
Gender, Sexuality, and Religion: A Critical Integrative Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Schnabel Landon , Abdelhadi Eman , Ally Zaslavsky Katherine , Ho Jacqueline S. , Torres‐Beltran Angie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article sets forth a critical integrative review of the study of gender, sexuality, and religion. Treating religion as a cause, an effect, and an intermediary factor in relation to gender and sexuality, it draws on and synthesizes multiple theoretical approaches, including gender and queer lenses on religion, cultural analysis, and intersectionality. The article is structured around 10 big‐picture questions about gender, sexuality, and religion and argues that gender and sexuality are a key symbolic boundary and cultural divide in religious and political life in the United States and around the world. It concludes with an agenda for future research.
Managing intellectual property and technology commercialization: Experiences, success stories and lessons learnt—A case study from Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, India
Authors: Kant Lakshmi , Shahid Faaiza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA paradigm shift towards IPR policy and technology commercialization have been observed in India, during the post‐World Trade Organization (WTO) regime. Protecting innovative agricultural technologies through IPR and technology commercialization are of utmost significance to enhance country's public research enterprise, promote economic development and national competitiveness. This has impacted the innovations in a positive direction in these areas. The present article reviews in‐depth process of IPR management and technology commercialization attempted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)—Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (VPKAS). Earlier, ICAR established a three‐tier model for technology management and transfer namely, central, zonal, and institute level committees/units. Of late, Agrinnovate India Limited (AgIn), which works to meet with world‐wide commercial success of the invented technologies, have come in to facilitate the commercialization process and thus a renewed three‐tier model is in place now. The paper also presents a case study of ICAR‐VPKAS, highlighting the unique experiences, lessons learnt and evolution in managing IP and process of technology commercialization. This is purposely drawn as an early example in managing IP and commercializing the argicultural technologies, despite the challenges faced by the institute due to its remoteness, difficult accessibility and hilly location. These together, may catalyze similar efforts throughout the developing countries to promote innovation and global competitiveness.
Comparison of toxicity following single versus tandem autologous transplant regimens for pediatric medulloblastoma
Authors: Plant‐Fox Ashley S. , Ma Clement , Al‐Sayegh Hasan , Shyr Derek , Lee Michelle A. , Lehmann Leslie E. , Chi Susan N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedulloblastoma outcomes have improved with craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy, but such therapy has resulted in poor neurocognitive outcomes for young patients. Chemotherapy‐only regimens with autologous transplant have been implemented with the intention of avoiding radiation. It is not yet known whether single or tandem transplantation is superior with respect to efficacy and/or safety.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of children with medulloblastoma treated at Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute from 1996 to 2016 who received either single or tandem autologous transplantation after completion of induction chemotherapy. We compared safety and outcome data between the two groups.ResultsAmong 23 patients, 12 received tandem transplants. Median follow‐up was 6.4 years (IQR = 0.8–10.5). There was no statistically significant difference in 5‐year EFS or OS between the single (70.7 ± 14%, 80.2 ± 13%) and tandem transplant groups (57.1 ± 15%, 79.6 ± 13%). Seven tandem transplant patients received subsequent radiation while only four required radiation in the single transplant group (p = .41). In the single transplant regimen, patients experienced longer antibiotic duration (p = .03) and LOS (p = .01) and a trend toward increased number of transfusions (p = .06). Four cases of veno‐occlusive disease were reported in the single transplant group (p = .04).ConclusionsOutcomes were similar between regimens, but the single transplant regimen had more hepatic complications. These data suggest that tandem transplant regimens may have reduced toxicity compared to the single transplant regimen with similar outcome measures.
Evaluation of potentiality of traditional hygienic practices for the mitigation of the 2019–2020 Corona Pandemic
Authors: Ripanda Asha , Miraji Hossein , Sule Khalfani , Nguruwe Salvatory , Ngumba Julias , Sahini Mtabazi Geofrey , Hamad Vuai Saidi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus outbreak threatens global well‐being, costing thousands of lives and an unstable economy. Traditional hand‐washing (HaWa) with clean water and hand‐washing sanitizers (HaWaSas) are among WHO recommended practices against the outbreaks. HaWaSa and HaWa lacked proper quality monitoring evaluation that may pose health risks. The current study investigates the potential of traditional hygienic practices adopted to mitigate the 2019–2020 Pandemic. It involved assessing the effectiveness of 15 HaWaSa collected from the Dodoma market. Thirty volunteered participants were subjected to different hygienic practices involving HaWa and HaWaSa. The obtained hand‐swabbed samples were subjected to the streak plate technique for inoculation, followed by counting colonies. The results revealed that, among the collected HaWaSa brands, only 33.3% were certified by the Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS). In the setting under no hand‐wash, each client had a different number of colony counts. HaWa did not eliminate all colonies since water acted as a secondary source while only one sanitizer proved effective. The p‐values obtained in either setting were greater than 0.05, indicating that each variable was independent. Despite global awareness and fighting against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid‐19) outbreak, quality monitoring of all diagnostic tools, preventive HaWaSa, and related drugs should be prioritized for human safeguard.
Incorporating spatial information in machine learning: The Moran eigenvector spatial filter approach
Authors: Islam Md Didarul , Li Bin , Lee Carl , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpatial statistical models are highly effective for modeling geospatial data as they consider spatial information of geographic spaces and other non‐spatial covariates, enabling them to minimize spatial autocorrelation by addressing spatial dependence. In contrast, machine learning (ML) models are highly effective for predicting non‐spatial data, but they are not as effective for modeling and predicting geospatial data because of spatial autocorrelation issues. One of the frequently reported limitations of ML models for geospatial data modeling is that there is no standard method of incorporating spatial information of geographic space into the model, and consequently they cannot minimize spatial autocorrelation. In this study, we have presented a local spatial information‐embedded ML method capable of minimizing spatial autocorrelation by addressing spatial dependence while predicting a geospatial phenomenon. Our study applied the eigenvector spatial filter method to extract approximated eigenvectors from spatial coordinates and embed them within ML models as a set of vectors along with the selected non‐spatial covariates. We have also presented a comparison of relative prediction performance between traditional spatial statistical and ML‐based models. The experiment demonstrates that incorporating spatially filtered eigenvectors to represent spatial information in ML model specification significantly improves the prediction performance.
Bile acid‐ and ethanol‐mediated activation of Orai1 damages pancreatic ductal secretion in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Pallagi Petra , Görög Marietta , Papp Noémi , Madácsy Tamara , Varga Árpád , Crul Tim , Szabó Viktória , Molnár Melinda , Dudás Krisztina , Grassalkovich Anna , Szederkényi Edit , Lázár György , Venglovecz Viktória , Hegyi Péter , Maléth József 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRegardless of its aetiology, sustained intracellular Ca2+ overload is a well‐known hallmark of acute pancreatitis (AP). Toxic Ca2+ elevation induces pancreatic ductal cell damage characterized by impaired ion and fluid secretion – essential to wash out the protein‐rich fluid secreted by acinar cells while maintaining the alkaline intra‐ductal pH under physiological conditions – and mitochondrial dysfunction. While prevention of ductal cell injury decreases the severity of AP, no specific drug target has yet been identified in the ductal cells. Although Orai1, a store‐operated Ca2+ influx channel, is known to contribute to sustained Ca2+ overload in acinar cells, details concerning its expression and function in ductal cells are currently lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that functionally active Orai1 channels reside predominantly in the apical plasma membrane of pancreatic ductal cells. Selective CM5480‐mediated Orai1 inhibition impairs Stim1‐dependent extracellular Ca2+ influx evoked by bile acids or ethanol combined with non‐oxidative ethanol metabolites. Furthermore, prevention of sustained extracellular Ca2+ influx protects ductal cell secretory function in vitro and decreases pancreatic ductal cell death. Finally, Orai1 inhibition partially restores and maintains proper exocrine pancreatic secretion in in vivo AP models. In conclusion, our results indicate that Orai1 inhibition prevents AP‐related ductal cell function impairment and holds the potential of improving disease outcome.Key points
Sustained intracellular Ca2+ overload in pancreatic acinar and ductal cells is a hallmark of biliary and alcohol‐induced acute pancreatitis, which leads to impaired ductal ion and fluid secretion.
Orai1 is a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel that mediates extracellular Ca2+ influx upon endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ depletion.
Results showed that Orai1 is expressed on the luminal plasma membrane of the ductal cells and selective Orai1 inhibition impaired Stim1‐dependent extracellular Ca2+ influx evoked by bile acids or ethanol combined with non‐oxidative ethanol metabolites.
The prevention of sustained extracellular Ca2+ influx protected ductal cell secretory functions in in vitro models and maintained exocrine pancreatic secretion in in vivo acute pancreatitis models.
Orai1 inhibition prevents the bile acid‐ and alcohol‐induced damage of the pancreatic ductal secretion and holds the potential of improving the outcome of acute pancreatitis.