bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilized formulation for phase‐field fracture in nearly incompressible hyperelasticity
Authors: Ang Ida , Bouklas Nikolaos , Li Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work presents a stabilized formulation for phase‐field fracture of hyperelastic materials near the limit of incompressibility. At this limit, traditional mixed displacement and pressure formulations must satisfy the inf‐sup condition for solution stability. The mixed formulation coupled with the damage field can lead to an inhibition of crack opening as volumetric changes are severely penalized effectively creating a pressure‐bubble. To overcome this bottleneck, we utilize a mixed formulation with a perturbed Lagrangian formulation which enforces the incompressibility constraint in the undamaged material and reduces the pressure effect in the damaged material. A mesh‐dependent stabilization technique based on the residuals of the Euler–Lagrange equations multiplied with a differential operator acting on the weight space is used, allowing for linear interpolation of all field variables of the elastic subproblem. This formulation was validated with three examples at finite deformations: a plane‐stress pure‐shear test, a two‐dimensional geometry in plane‐stress, and a three‐dimensional notched sample. In the last example, we incorporate a hybrid formulation with an additive strain energy decomposition to account for different behaviors in tension and compression. The results show close agreement with analytical solutions for crack tip opening displacements and performs well at the limit of incompressibility.
Flaw classification and detection in thin‐plate structures based on scaled boundary finite element method and deep learning
Authors: Jiang Shouyan , Wan Chen , Sun Liguo , Du Chengbin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe identification of internal structural flaws is an important research topic in structural health monitoring. At present, structural safety inspections based on nondestructive testing procedures mainly focus on qualitative analysis; hence, it is difficult to identify the scale of flaws quantitatively. In this article, an inversion model that can realize quantitative detection is proposed by combing the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) with deep learning. First, the lamb wave propagation processes in thin structures containing flaws were simulated using the SBFEM, and the echo wave signal at an observation point was recorded and paired with the flaw information. Then, the paired SBFEM datasets were used to train the deep learning model employing a convolutional neural network. A flaw classification and identification model based on SBFEM datasets was established. For a thin structure with unknown flaw information, and by using the measured observation point signals, the established deep learning model can predict flaw information in real time. Finally, the model performance was verified using several numerical examples. The results show that the proposed model can accurately predict flaw information and is robust against noise; thus, it offers an advantage over existing nondestructive testing procedures and a development in the field of structural health monitoring.
Geophysical monitoring of a laboratory‐scale internal erosion experiment
Authors: Maalouf Yara , Bièvre Grégory , Voisin Christophe , Khoury Naji 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTEarth dams are structures used worldwide for water management. Their failure over time is notably due to water seepage generating internal erosion. There is a growing need to detect the processes at work as early as possible. This study presents a controlled laboratory experiment aimed at detecting and monitoring water seepage into a soil sample. The experiment was monitored with electrical resistivity tomography, velocimeters and video recording. The video recording of the downstream side of the soil sample shows successive episodes of mass movements associated with a progressive water flow increase. The electrical resistivity tomography, limited by a low temporal resolution, shows an evolution of the resistivity in agreement with the evolution of the soil sample (e.g., saturation and mass movements), but with strong limitations regarding the robustness of the results. The continuous seismic recording reveals extra rupture episodes that occur inside the volume of the soil sample, which were not recorded by the video. Their distribution in time and energy illustrates strongly nonlinear changes in the soil sample, with several phases of acceleration. A controlled source monitoring using external repetitive events allows probing the medium with an enhanced temporal resolution compared to electrical resistivity tomography. The apparent seismic velocity of the soil sample reveals a nonlinear decrease, high at the beginning of the experiment, and then stalled until the different mass movements enlarge the amount of water inside the sample along with the water flow. The different techniques used, especially seismic monitoring, describe a complex and strongly nonlinear process of internal erosion centred around the coupling between water flow and internal damage. Finally, these findings suggest that seismic methods could be able to distinguish the four different phases of internal erosion (namely, initiation, continuation, progression and failure) discussed in the geotechnical literature.
Responses to Bt toxin Vip3Aa by pink bollworm larvae resistant or susceptible to Cry toxins
Authors: Tabashnik Bruce E , Unnithan Gopalan Chandran , Yelich Alexander J , Fabrick Jeffrey A , Dennehy Timothy J , Carrière Yves 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransgenic crops that make insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have revolutionized management of some pests. However, evolution of resistance to Bt toxins by pests diminishes the efficacy of Bt crops. Resistance to crystalline (Cry) Bt toxins has spurred adoption of crops genetically engineered to produce the Bt vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa. Here we used laboratory diet bioassays to evaluate responses to Vip3Aa by pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), one of the world's most damaging pests of cotton.RESULTSAgainst pink bollworm larvae susceptible to Cry toxins, Vip3Aa was less potent than Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab. Conversely, Vip3Aa was more potent than Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab against laboratory strains highly resistant to those Cry toxins. Five Cry‐susceptible field populations were less susceptible to Vip3Aa than a Cry‐susceptible laboratory strain (APHIS‐S). Relative to APHIS‐S, significant resistance to Vip3Aa did not occur in strains selected in the laboratory for > 700‐fold resistance to Cry1Ac or both Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab.CONCLUSIONSResistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab did not cause strong cross‐resistance to Vip3Aa in pink bollworm, which is consistent with predictions based on the lack of shared midgut receptors between these toxins and previous results from other lepidopterans. Comparison of the Bt toxin concentration in plants relative to the median lethal concentration (LC50) from bioassays may be useful for estimating efficacy. The moderate potency of Vip3Aa against Cry1Ac‐ and Cry2Ab‐resistant and susceptible pink bollworm larvae suggests that Bt cotton producing this toxin together with novel Cry toxins might be useful as one component of integrated pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of all‐sky water vapour channel radiance from INSAT‐3D/3DR satellite over South Asia region using WRF model
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Shukla Munn V. , Varma A. K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to explore and present a methodology to assimilate all‐sky water vapour (WV) radiance from Indian geostationary satellites (INSAT‐3D and INSAT‐3DR) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. For all‐sky assimilation, hydrometeors are considered as control variables by adding in background error covariance. Additionally, this study uses the application of Global Satellite based Inter‐Calibration System (GSICS) based bias correction mechanism on WV radiances before their assimilation. To fulfil these objectives, three sets of experiments have been performed with and without WV radiance assimilation for the month of July 2018 over the South Asia region. The impact assessment of assimilation has been performed by comparing radiative transfer (RT) model‐simulated analysed and predicted brightness temperature against independent satellite observations from SAPHIR (Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d'Humidité Intertropicale par Radiométrie) and MHS (Microwave Humidity Sounder) sensors. Results not only show the number of assimilated observations increased significantly (∼250%) in all‐sky assimilation compared to clear‐sky assimilation but also present that the all‐sky analyses are closer to actual satellite observations. Due to the multivariate nature of variational data assimilation, noteworthy changes are also noticed in hydrometeors analyses in all‐sky assimilation. The short‐range forecasts confirm the positive impact of all‐sky assimilation as compared to clear‐sky assimilation when verified against SAPHIR and MHS measurements.
Venous Malformation of the Penis Treated with a Combined Nd:YAG Laser and Sclerotherapy Technique
Authors: Fresa Marco , Mazzolai Lucia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Venous malformations are the commonest vascular anomalies and can be found everywhere in the body. Those of the external genitalia are quite rare. Although they can be small, they may give rise to psychological discomfort and functional impairment and their management can be delicate and challenging. We present a case of a large and infiltrating venous malformation of the glans penis successfully treated with a combined strategy using sclerotherapy and Nd:YAG laser.
The Emergence of 2D MXenes Based Zn‐Ion Batteries: Recent Development and Prospects
Authors: Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Mateen Abdul , Ali Salamat , Zhang Xiaofeng , Hussain Iftikhar , Imran Muhammad , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Han Weihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with exceptional theoretical capacity have garnered significant interest in large‐scale electrochemical energy storage devices due to their low cost, abundant material, inherent safety, high specific energy, and ecofriendly nature. Metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have emerged as a large family of 2D transition metal carbides or carbonitrides with excellent properties, e.g., high electrical conductivity, large surface functional groups (e.g., F, O, and OH), low energy barriers for the diffusion of electrolyte ions with wide interlayer spaces. After a decade of effort, significant development has been achieved in the synthesis, properties, and applications of MXenes. Thus, it has opened up various exciting opportunities to construct advanced MXene‐based nanostructures for ZIBs with excellent specific energy and power. Herein, this review summarizes the advances across multiple synthesis routes, related properties, morphological and structural characteristics, and chemistries of MXenes for ZIBs. The recent development of MXene‐based electrodes is introduced, and electrolytes for ZIBs are elucidated in detail. MXene‐based rocking chair ZIBs, strategies to enhance the performance of MXene‐based cathodes, suppress the dendrites in MXene‐based anodes, and MXene‐based flexible ZIBs are pointed out. A rational design and modification of the MXenes as well as the production of composites with metal oxides exhibits promise in solving issues and enhancing the electrochemical performance of ZIBs. Finally, the present challenges and future prospects for MXene‐based ZIBs are discussed.
Dynamic Biomolecular “Mask” Stabilizes Zn Anode
Authors: Li Yanmei , Wang Yingyu , Xu Yuan , Tian Wenhuai , Wang Jiawei , Cheng Liwei , Yue Honglei , Ji Runa , Zhu Qiaonan , Yuan Hao , Wang Hua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZn anode is confronted with serious Zn dendrite growth and water‐induced parasitic reactions, which severely hinders the rapid development and practical application of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs). Herein, inspired by sodium hyaluronate (SH) biomolecules in living organisms featured with the functions of water retention, ion‐transport regulation, and film‐formation, the SH working as a dynamic and self‐adaptive “mask” is proposed to stabilize Zn anode. Benefiting from the abundant functional groups with high hydrophilicity and zincophilicity, SH molecule can constrain active water molecules on the Zn‐electrolyte interface and participate in Zn2+ solvation structure to suppress parasitic reactions. Furthermore, the dynamical adsorption of SH with high‐density negative charge on the Zn surface could serve as Zn2+ reservoirs to guide uniform Zn deposition. Consequently, stable Zn plating and an ultrahigh cumulative plating capacity (CPC) of 4.8 Ah cm‐2 are achieved even at 20 mA cm‐2 (20 mAh cm‐2) in a Zn||Zn symmetric battery, reaching a record level in AZMBs. In addition, the Zn||β‐MnO2 full battery exhibits a substantially improved cycle stability. This work presents a route to realize a highly reversible and stable Zn metal anode by learning from nature.
State and citizen responsiveness in fighting a pandemic crisis: A systems thinking perspective
Authors: Sunder M Vijaya , Prashar Anupama 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManagement scholars have recognized organizational responsiveness among the essential capabilities of social organizations. It becomes essential for a social change to occur during a crisis, where the uncertainty or environmental dynamism is high. However, a social change cannot be successful unless constituent subsystems of a social organization exhibit responsiveness. Using systems theory, we conceptualize ‘nation’ as a social system and examine its responsiveness towards environmental uncertainly, taking an example of the COVID‐19 pandemic. How can state and citizen community responsiveness help fight a pandemic crisis? We test these direct and moderating effects on data representing 14 countries. We perform a hierarchical regression analysis on the restructured, balanced country‐wise panel data. Our findings highlight the importance of state and community interaction effects in controlling pandemic growth. Accordingly, we claim that only a collaborative approach by citizen communities with the respective governments will enable handling an uncertain situation.
Modeling Chinook Salmon Run Timing in the Gulkana River, Alaska Using Environmental Indices
Authors: Ransbury Shane R. , Maclean Scott , Schwanke Corey J. , Hansen Tracy , Savereide James W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnvironmental data from the Gulkana River, in conjunction with in‐season Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha passage numbers, are among the many tools used by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to assess in‐season run strength and timing in the upper Copper River drainage. In this study, we refine the modeling of Chinook Salmon run timing by comparing methods based on linear, exponential, and polynomial regressions of marine and freshwater environmental indices for the Gulkana River stock. A range of temporal subsets and measurement techniques for coastal upwelling, air temperature, river discharge, and water temperature was analyzed in a stepwise process to update the in‐season forecast model. Ultimately, Gulkana River water temperature proved to be the most important variable in predicting run timing. A model considering daily maximum water temperature and river discharge can accurately estimate the proportion of the total run that swam upriver before July (pseudo‐R2 = 0.97), allowing for efficient Chinook Salmon fishery management through the latter portion of the run.
Anti‐Freezing Strategies of Electrolyte and their Application in Electrochemical Energy Devices
Authors: Liu Yao , Li Wenzheng , Cheng Lukuan , Liu Qingjiang , Wei Jun , Huang Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWider scenes of human's activities under low temperature demand promising performance of anti‐freezing electrochemical energy devices, and the promotion of performance is mainly limited by electrolyte. However, despite many relevant research works reported, there are still few reviews that systematically and comprehensively summarize these modified approaches and applications. In this focus review, we classify the prominent anti‐freezing strategies as high concentration aqueous electrolyte, organic additives, organic electrolyte and others. Relevant research works have been put to clarify their anti‐freezing mechanisms and exhibit the modification effects. Besides, various energy devices including metal‐air batteries, non‐gas batteries and supercapacitors which employed aforementioned strategies are discussed and their key low‐temperature performance indexes are summarized to exhibit the advanced research progress. Finally, we put forward some remaining challenges of these modification strategies toward practical application and propose prospects on future development of low‐temperature electrochemical energy devices.
A Content Analysis of Chinese American Contemporary Realistic Fiction Books
Authors: Wang Yang , Guo Wenyu , Sui Xiaoling 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews a corpus of 40 Chinese American contemporary realistic fiction picturebooks published in the United States. These picturebooks feature Chinese immigrants adjusting to American culture, Chinese American celebrating heritage culture, bridging two cultures, and connecting with their home country. The findings reveal that these picturebooks authentically reflect the Chinese American's lived experiences, celebrate their heritage culture, and emphasize their value of family and intergenerational relationships. Some picturebooks depict the tension of the language barrier. Other than immigrant life and poverty, none of these picturebooks witnesses issues around race, gender, and same‐sex families, although most picturebooks feature female main characters. Instructional implications are provided for teachers to use Chinese American picturebooks.
Gut inflammation induced by drugs: Can pathology help to differentiate from inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Herlihy Naoimh , Feakins Roger 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrug‐induced mucosal injury (DIMI) in the gastrointestinal tract is important to recognise, partly because cessation of the culprit agent alone may result in resolution of symptoms. An ever‐growing list of medications, including newer immunotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies, can cause gastrointestinal inflammation of varying severity. However, the diagnosis of DIMI is challenging, as a single drug can induce a variety of histopathological patterns of injury including acute colitis, chronic colitis, microscopic colitis, apoptotic colopathy, and ischaemic‐type colitis. An additional consideration is the potential clinical, endoscopic and histological overlap of DIMI with gastrointestinal mucosal injury secondary to other entities such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We discuss DIMI of the gastrointestinal tract with an emphasis on histological patterns that mimic IBD, histological features which may distinguish the two entities, and the diagnostic role and limitations of the pathologist.
Perceptions and attitudes towards companion animal brain banking in pet owners: A UK pilot study
Authors: Cardy Thomas J. A. , Jewth‐Ahuja Daniel , Crawford Abbe H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDetailed analysis of archived brain tissue is fundamental to advancing the understanding of neurological disease. The development of the UK Brain Bank Network (UBBN) has provided an invaluable resource to facilitate such research in the human medical field. Similar resources are needed in veterinary medicine. However, collection and archiving of companion animal brain tissue is a potentially sensitive area for pet owners and veterinary professionals.MethodsUsing an online survey, we aimed to study pet owners’ perceptions of brain banking. The survey included information on respondents, their views on organ donation, the UBBN and the Royal Veterinary College's Companion Animal Brain Bank (RVC CABB).ResultsIn total 185 respondents were included. The use of brain tissue from pets for research was supported by 87% of respondents, and 66% of respondents felt that they were highly likely or likely to donate their pet's brain tissue to a CABB. Furthermore, 94% felt that more information on tissue banking in companion animals should be readily available.ConclusionsWe found that the perceptions of companion animal brain banking were positive in our respondents. Open dialogue and clear information provision on the process and benefits of the CABB could enhance awareness and thus facilitate brain donation for translational research.
Livestock, methane, and climate change: The politics of global assessments
Authors: Scoones Ian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe relationship between livestock production and climate change is the subject of hot debate, with arguments for major shifts in diets and a reduction in livestock production. This Perspective examines how global assessments of livestock‐derived methane emissions are framed, identifying assumptions and data gaps that influence standard life‐cycle analysis approaches. These include inadequate data due to a focus on industrial not extensive systems; errors arising due to inappropriate emission factors being applied; questions of how global warming potentials are derived for different greenhouse gases and debates about what baselines are appropriate. The article argues for a holistic systems approach that takes account of diverse livestock systems—both intensive and extensive—including both positive and negative impacts. In particular, the potential benefits of extensive livestock systems are highlighted, including supporting livelihoods, providing high‐quality nutrition, enhancing biodiversity, protecting landscapes, and sequestering carbon. By failing to differentiate between livestock systems, global assessments may mislead. Inappropriate measurement, verification and reporting processes linked to global climate change policy may in turn result in interventions that can undermine the livelihoods of extensive livestock‐keepers in marginal areas, including mobile pastoralists. In the politics of global assessments, certain interests promote framings of the livestock‐climate challenge in favour of contained, intensive systems, and the conversion of extensive rangelands into conservation investments. Emerging from a narrow, aggregated scientific framing, global assessments therefore can have political consequences. A more disaggregated, nuanced approach is required if the future of food and climate change is to be effectively addressed.This article is categorized under:
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Assessing Climate Change in the Context of Other Issues
Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Imagination and social cognition in childhood
Authors: Kushnir Tamar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImagination is a cognitive process used to generate new ideas from old, not just in the service of creativity and fantasy, but also in our ordinary thoughts about alternatives to current reality. In this article, I argue for the central function of imagination in the development of social cognition in infancy and childhood. In Section 1, I review a work showing that even in the first year of life, social cognition can be viewed through a nascent ability to imagine the physical possibilities and physical limits on action. In Section 2, I discuss how imagination of what should happen is appropriately constrained by what can happen, and how this influences children's moral evaluations. In the final section, I suggest developmental changes in imagination—especially the ability to imagine improbable events—may have implications for social inference, leading children to learn that inner motives can conflict. These examples point to a flexible and domain‐general process that operates on knowledge to make social meaning.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Development and Aging
Cognitive Biology > Cognitive Development
Philosophy > Knowledge and Belief