bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confluence of left-linear higher-order rewrite theories by checking their nested critical pairs
Authors: Dowek Gilles , Férey Gaspard , Jouannaud Jean-Pierre , Liu Jiaxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUser-defined higher-order rewrite rules are becoming a standard in proof assistants based on intuitionistic type theory. This raises the question of proving that they preserve the properties of beta-reductions for the corresponding type systems. In a series of papers, we develop techniques based on van Oostrom’s decreasing diagrams that reduce confluence proofs to the checking of various forms of critical pairs for higher-order rewrite rules extending beta-reduction on pure lambda-terms. As shown in a previous paper of the two middle authors, confluence of a terminating set of left-linear rewrite rules is obtained when their critical pairs are joinable, beta-rewrite steps being disallowed. The present paper concentrates on the case where arbitrary beta-rewrite steps are allowed for joining critical pairs. The rewrite relation used for analyzing confluence may rewrite arbitrarily many non-overlapping redexes in a single step. This relation gives rise to critical pairs that overlap both horizontally, as with parallel rewriting, but also vertically, forming chains of successive overlaps. Practical examples of use of this technique are analyzed.
Disentangling institutional contestation by established powers: Types of contestation frames and varying opportunities for the re-legitimation of international institutions
Authors: Kruck Andreas , Heinkelmann-Wild Tim , Daßler Benjamin , Hobbach Raphaela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInternational institutions underpinning the ‘liberal international order’ are increasingly contested by established Western powers. This article contributes to a better understanding of this novel challenge ‘from within’. We conceptualize four types of contestation frames according to (1) whether contesting states attribute the source of grievances to specific practices or the underlying principles of an international institution; and (2) whether they present their own nation or the international community as the subject of grievances. Combining these two dimensions, we distinguish between globalist-reformist, nationalist-reformist, globalist-revisionist and nationalist-revisionist contestation frames. These contestation frames are consequential as they open up or shrink the discursive space for contested institutions’ re-legitimation. Drawing on the Trump Administration’s contestation of the World Bank, NATO, the UNHRC, and the WTO, we demonstrate that contestation frames and defenders’ responses varied greatly across institutions, ranging from accommodative deliberations about institutional reforms to principled rejection and the justification of the status quo.
Gemeinsamer Pornographiekonsum steht in positivem Zusammenhang mit sexueller Kommunikation
Authors: Re Ursina Brun del , Hilpert Peter , Bodenmann Guy 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Befunde zeigen, dass Pornographiekonsum innerhalb einer Partnerschaft im Zusammenhang steht mit sexueller Zufriedenheit. Bisher wurde aber kaum berücksichtigt, ob alleiniger oder gemeinsamer Konsum dabei ausschlaggebend sind und welche Bedeutung der sexuellen Kommunikation zukommt. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersucht den Bezug der sexuellen Kommunikation zur sexuellen Zufriedenheit und die Rolle, die gemeinsamer versus alleiniger Pornographiekonsum dabei spielt. Methode: Es wurden in der Schweiz lebende 18- bis 60-jährige Männer und Frauen in einer mindestens einjährigen heterosexuellen Partnerschaft ( N = 1091) mittels eines anonymen Online-Fragebogens befragt. Ergebnisse: Gemeinsam-Konsumierende kommunizieren besser miteinander über ihre Sexualität und sind sexuell signifikant zufriedener als die Allein-Konsumierenden. Schlussfolgerung: Der gemeinsame Pornographiekonsum ist im Vergleich zum alleinigen Konsum mit besserer sexueller Kommunikation assoziiert. Beide Variablen gehen mit einer höheren sexuellen und allgemeinen Partnerschaftszufriedenheit einher.
Memory-directed acupuncture as a neuromodulatory treatment for PTSD: Theory, clinical model and case studies
Authors: Assouline Amir , Mendelsohn Avi , Reshef Alon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses an ongoing challenge to society, to health systems, and to the trauma victims themselves. Today PTSD is often considered an incurable chronic problem that lacks effective treatment. While PTSD is closely related to memory, it also affects many physiological systems. PTSD is usually treated with medications and psychotherapy with moderate success, leaving a substantial proportion of patients with enduring distress and disability. Therefore, a search for better treatment options is vital. In this paper, we propose a model in which a conversation-based technique is integrated with bodily manipulation through acupuncture. This approach first emerged in clinical experience showing intriguing results from treating PTSD patients using acupuncture as a main strategy. Its theoretical foundations derive from the clinic and rely on contemporary neuroscience’s understanding of memory consolidation and reconsolidation processes. Research shows that acupuncture can have potentially positive effects at three levels: (a) achieving a balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity; (b) reducing activation in the limbic system, hence inducing a calming effect; (c) reshaping the functional connectivity map within important and relevant cortical regions that encompass the default-mode network. We suggest that coupling traumatic memory retrieval leading to reconsolidation, combined with acupuncture, offers considerable potential for positive clinical improvement in patients with PTSD. This may explain the positive results of the described case studies and can pave the path for future advances in research and treatment in this field.
The RNA-binding protein Musashi2 governs osteoblast-adipocyte lineage commitment by suppressing PPARγ signaling
Authors: Suo Jinlong , Zou Sihai , Wang Jinghui , Han Yujiao , Zhang Lingli , Lv Chenchen , Jiang Bo , Ren Qian , Chen Long , Yang Lele , Ji Ping , Zheng Xianyou , Hu Ping , Zou Weiguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis caused by aging is characterized by reduced bone mass and accumulated adipocytes in the bone marrow cavity. How the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is lost upon aging is still unclear. Here, we found that the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2) regulates BMSC lineage commitment. Msi2 is commonly enriched in stem cells and tumor cells. We found that its expression was downregulated during adipogenic differentiation and upregulated during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Msi2 knockout mice exhibited decreased bone mass with substantial accumulation of marrow adipocytes, similar to aging-induced osteoporosis. Depletion of Msi2 in BMSCs led to increased adipocyte commitment. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that Msi2 deficiency led to increased PPARγ signaling. RNA-interacting protein immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Msi2 could inhibit the translation of the key adipogenic factor Cebpα, thereby inhibiting PPAR signaling. Furthermore, the expression of Msi2 decreased significantly during the aging process of mice, indicating that decreased Msi2 function during aging contributes to abnormal accumulation of adipocytes in bone marrow and osteoporosis. Thus, our results provide a putative biochemical mechanism for aging-related osteoporosis, suggesting that modulating Msi2 function may benefit the treatment of bone aging.
In-phase millennial-scale glacier changes in the tropics and North Atlantic regions during the Holocene
Authors: Jomelli V. , Swingedouw D. , Vuille M. , Favier V. , Goehring B. , Shakun J. , Braucher R. , Schimmelpfennig I. , Menviel L. , Rabatel A. , Martin L. C. P. , Blard P.-H. , Condom T. , Lupker M. , Christl M. , He Z. , Verfaillie D. , Gorin A. , Aumaître G. , Bourlès D. L. , Keddadouche K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on new and published cosmic-ray exposure chronologies, we show that glacier extent in the tropical Andes and the north Atlantic regions (TANAR) varied in-phase on millennial timescales during the Holocene, distinct from other regions. Glaciers experienced an early Holocene maximum extent, followed by a strong mid-Holocene retreat and a re-advance in the late Holocene. We further explore the potential forcing of TANAR glacier variations using transient climate simulations. Since the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) evolution is poorly represented in these transient simulations, we develop a semi-empirical model to estimate the “AMOC-corrected” temperature and precipitation footprint at regional scales. We show that variations in the AMOC strength during the Holocene are consistent with the observed glacier changes. Our findings highlight the need to better constrain past AMOC behavior, as it may be an important driver of TANAR glacier variations during the Holocene, superimposed on other forcing mechanisms.
Picosecond pulse-shaping for strong three-dimensional field-free alignment of generic asymmetric-top molecules
Authors: Mullins Terry , Karamatskos Evangelos T. , Wiese Joss , Onvlee Jolijn , Rouzée Arnaud , Yachmenev Andrey , Trippel Sebastian , Küpper Jochen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFixing molecules in space is a crucial step for the imaging of molecular structure and dynamics. Here, we demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) field-free alignment of the prototypical asymmetric top molecule indole using elliptically polarized, shaped, off-resonant laser pulses. A truncated laser pulse is produced using a combination of extreme linear chirping and controlled phase and amplitude shaping using a spatial-light-modulator (SLM) based pulse shaper of a broadband laser pulse. The angular confinement is detected through velocity-map imaging of H+ and C2+ fragments resulting from strong-field ionization and Coulomb explosion of the aligned molecules by intense femtosecond laser pulses. The achieved three-dimensional alignment is characterized by comparing the result of ion-velocity-map measurements for different alignment directions and for different times during and after the alignment laser pulse to accurate computational results. The achieved strong three-dimensional field-free alignment of $$ < {\cos }^{2}\delta > =0.89$$
<

cos

2

δ
>
=
0.89
demonstrates the feasibility of both, strong three-dimensional alignment of generic complex molecules and its quantitative characterization.
Transition from simple to complex contagion in collective decision-making
Authors: Horsevad Nikolaj , Mateo David , Kooij Robert E. , Barrat Alain , Bouffanais Roland 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHow does the spread of behavior affect consensus-based collective decision-making among animals, humans or swarming robots? In prior research, such propagation of behavior on social networks has been found to exhibit a transition from simple contagion—i.e, based on pairwise interactions—to a complex one—i.e., involving social influence and reinforcement. However, this rich phenomenology appears so far limited to threshold-based decision-making processes with binary options. Here, we show theoretically, and experimentally with a multi-robot system, that such a transition from simple to complex contagion can also be observed in an archetypal model of distributed decision-making devoid of any thresholds or nonlinearities. Specifically, we uncover two key results: the nature of the contagion—simple or complex—is tightly related to the intrinsic pace of the behavior that is spreading, and the network topology strongly influences the effectiveness of the behavioral transmission in ways that are reminiscent of threshold-based models. These results offer new directions for the empirical exploration of behavioral contagions in groups, and have significant ramifications for the design of cooperative and networked robot systems.
Single-molecule imaging of microRNA-mediated gene silencing in cells
Authors: Kobayashi Hotaka , Singer Robert H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate the expression of thousands of genes; miRNAs silence gene expression from complementary mRNAs through translational repression and mRNA decay. For decades, the function of miRNAs has been studied primarily by ensemble methods, where a bulk collection of molecules is measured outside cells. Thus, the behavior of individual molecules during miRNA-mediated gene silencing, as well as their spatiotemporal regulation inside cells, remains mostly unknown. Here we report single-molecule methods to visualize each step of miRNA-mediated gene silencing in situ inside cells. Simultaneous visualization of single mRNAs, translation, and miRNA-binding revealed that miRNAs preferentially bind to translated mRNAs rather than untranslated mRNAs. Spatiotemporal analysis based on our methods uncovered that miRNAs bind to mRNAs immediately after nuclear export. Subsequently, miRNAs induced translational repression and mRNA decay within 30 and 60 min, respectively, after the binding to mRNAs. This methodology provides a framework for studying miRNA function at the single-molecule level with spatiotemporal information inside cells.
Transient quantum beatings of trions in hybrid organic tri-iodine perovskite single crystal
Authors: Huynh Uyen N. , Liu Ye , Chanana Ashish , Khanal Dipak R. , Sercel Peter C. , Huang Jinsong , Vardeny Z. Valy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUtilizing the spin degree of freedom of photoexcitations in hybrid organic inorganic perovskites for quantum information science applications has been recently proposed and explored. However, it is still unclear whether the stable photoexcitations in these compounds correspond to excitons, free/trapped electron-hole pairs, or charged exciton complexes such as trions. Here we investigate quantum beating oscillations in the picosecond time-resolved circularly polarized photoinduced reflection of single crystal methyl-ammonium tri-iodine perovskite (MAPbI3) measured at cryogenic temperatures. We observe two quantum beating oscillations (fast and slow) whose frequencies increase linearly with B with slopes that depend on the crystal orientation with respect to the applied magnetic field. We assign the quantum beatings to positive and negative trions whose Landé g-factors are determined by those of the electron and hole, respectively, or by the carriers left behind after trion recombination. These are $${g}_{[001]}^{e}$$

g

[

001

]

e

= 2.52 and $${g}_{[1\bar{1}0]}^{e}\,$$

g

[

1

1

¯

0

]

e

= 2.63 for electrons, whereas $$\big|{g}_{[001]}^{h}\big|\,$$

g

[

001

]

h

= 0.28 and $$\big|{g}_{[1\bar{1}0]}^{h}\big|\,$$

g

[

1

1

¯

0

]

h

= 0.57 for holes. The obtained g-values are in excellent agreement with an 8-band K.P calculation for orthorhombic MAPbI3. Using the technique of resonant spin amplification of the quantum beatings we measure a relatively long spin coherence time of ~ 11 (6) nanoseconds for electrons (holes) at 4 K.
Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons governed by a conserved developmental transcription factor
Authors: Miozzo Federico , Valencia-Alarcón Eva P. , Stickley Luca , Majcin Dorcikova Michaëla , Petrelli Francesco , Tas Damla , Loncle Nicolas , Nikonenko Irina , Bou Dib Peter , Nagoshi Emi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProgressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dysregulation of developmental transcription factors is implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Drosophila Fer2 is a prime example of a developmental transcription factor required for the birth and maintenance of midbrain DA neurons. Using an approach combining ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and genetic epistasis experiments with PD-linked genes, here we demonstrate that Fer2 controls a transcriptional network to maintain mitochondrial structure and function, and thus confers dopaminergic neuroprotection against genetic and oxidative insults. We further show that conditional ablation of Nato3, a mouse homolog of Fer2, in differentiated DA neurons causes mitochondrial abnormalities and locomotor impairments in aged mice. Our results reveal the essential and conserved role of Fer2 homologs in the mitochondrial maintenance of midbrain DA neurons, opening new perspectives for modeling and treating PD.
Primary cilia on muscle stem cells are critical to maintain regenerative capacity and are lost during aging
Authors: Palla Adelaida R. , Hilgendorf Keren I. , Yang Ann V. , Kerr Jaclyn P. , Hinken Aaron C. , Demeter Janos , Kraft Peggy , Mooney Nancie A. , Yucel Nora , Burns David M. , Wang Yu Xin , Jackson Peter K. , Blau Helen M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring aging, the regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) decreases, diminishing the ability of muscle to repair following injury. We found that the ability of MuSCs to regenerate is regulated by the primary cilium, a cellular protrusion that serves as a sensitive sensory organelle. Abolishing MuSC cilia inhibited MuSC proliferation in vitro and severely impaired injury-induced muscle regeneration in vivo. In aged muscle, a cell intrinsic defect in MuSC ciliation was associated with the decrease in regenerative capacity. Exogenous activation of Hedgehog signaling, known to be localized in the primary cilium, promoted MuSC expansion, both in vitro and in vivo. Delivery of the small molecule Smoothened agonist (SAG1.3) to muscles of aged mice restored regenerative capacity leading to increased strength post-injury. These findings provide fresh insights into the signaling dysfunction in aged MuSCs and identify the ciliary Hedgehog signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target to counter the loss of muscle regenerative capacity which accompanies aging.
Autophagy impairment in liver CD11c+ cells promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through production of IL-23
Authors: Galle-Treger Lauriane , Helou Doumet Georges , Quach Christine , Howard Emily , Hurrell Benjamin P. , Muench German R. Aleman , Shafiei-Jahani Pedram , Painter Jacob D. , Iorga Andrea , Dara Lily , Emamaullee Juliet , Golden-Mason Lucy , Rosen Hugo R. , Soroosh Pejman , Akbari Omid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere has been a global increase in rates of obesity with a parallel epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Autophagy is an essential mechanism involved in the degradation of cellular material and has an important function in the maintenance of liver homeostasis. Here, we explore the effect of Autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) deficiency in liver CD11c+cells in mice fed HFD. When compared to control mice, Atg5-deficient CD11c+mice exhibit increased glucose intolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity when fed HFD. This phenotype is associated with the development of NAFLD. We observe that IL-23 secretion is induced in hepatic CD11c+myeloid cells following HFD feeding. We demonstrate that both therapeutic and preventative IL-23 blockade alleviates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and protects against NAFLD development. This study provides insights into the function of autophagy and IL-23 production by hepatic CD11c+cells in NAFLD pathogenesis and suggests potential therapeutic targets.
All-fiber high-speed image detection enabled by deep learning
Authors: Liu Zhoutian , Wang Lele , Meng Yuan , He Tiantian , He Sifeng , Yang Yousi , Wang Liuyue , Tian Jiading , Li Dan , Yan Ping , Gong Mali , Liu Qiang , Xiao Qirong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUltra-high-speed imaging serves as a foundation for modern science. While in biomedicine, optical-fiber-based endoscopy is often required for in vivo applications, the combination of high speed with the fiber endoscopy, which is vital for exploring transient biomedical phenomena, still confronts some challenges. We propose all-fiber imaging at high speeds, which is achieved based on the transformation of two-dimensional spatial information into one-dimensional temporal pulsed streams by leveraging high intermodal dispersion in a multimode fiber. Neural networks are trained to reconstruct images from the temporal waveforms. It can not only detect content-aware images with high quality, but also detect images of different kinds from the training images with slightly reduced quality. The fiber probe can detect micron-scale objects with a high frame rate (15.4 Mfps) and large frame depth (10,000). This scheme combines high speeds with high mechanical flexibility and integration and may stimulate future research exploring various phenomena in vivo.
Potentiodynamic polarization curves of AA7075 at high scan rates interpreted using the high field model
Authors: Zhou Hu , Chhin Danny , Morel Alban , Gallant Danick , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe drastic distortion of potentiodynamic polarization curves measured at high potential scan rates prevents the extraction of accurate kinetic parameters. In this work, we start by measuring potentiodynamic polarization curves of AA7075 at scan rates ranging from 0.167 mV·s−1 to 100 mV·s−1, in an acidic 0.62 M NaH2PO4 solution and a near-neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Changes in potentiodynamic polarization curves are observed not only at different scan rates and electrolytes but also between replicated experiments. Contrary to what was reported in previous studies, the disturbance of charging current associated with high scan rates does not satisfactorily explain the potentiodynamic polarization shape. Instead, the high field model that incorporates the kinetics of anodic oxide growth successfully captures the features of experimental potentiodynamic polarization curves. Compared to Tafel’s theory, the high field model explains remarkably the changing kinetics with scan rates, electrolytes, and the variance between measurements performed at different sites.
Treatment of ocular tumors through a novel applicator on a conventional proton pencil beam scanning beamline
Authors: Regmi Rajesh , Maes Dominic , Nevitt Alexander , Toltz Allison , Leuro Erick , Chen Jonathan , Halasz Lia , Rengan Ramesh , Bloch Charles , Saini Jatinder 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTreatment of ocular tumors on dedicated scattering-based proton therapy systems is standard afforded due to sharp lateral and distal penumbras. However, most newer proton therapy centers provide pencil beam scanning treatments. In this paper, we present a pencil beam scanning (PBS)-based ocular treatment solution. The design, commissioning, and validation of an applicator mount for a conventional PBS snout to allow for ocular treatments are given. In contrast to scattering techniques, PBS-based ocular therapy allows for inverse planning, providing planners with additional flexibility to shape the radiation field,
potentially sparing healthy tissues. PBS enables the use of commercial Monte Carlo algorithms resulting in accurate dose calculations in the presence of heterogeneities and fiducials. The validation consisted of small field dosimetry measurements of point doses, depth doses, and lateral profiles relevant to ocular therapy. A comparison of beam properties achieved through the applicator against published literature is presented. We successfully showed the feasibility of PBS-based ocular treatments.