bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VIVA1: a more invasive subclone of MDA-MB-134VI invasive lobular carcinoma cells with increased metastatic potential in xenograft models
Authors: Allen Victoria , Coulombe Josée , Zhao Huijun , Kreps Lauren M. , Cook David P. , Pryce Benjamin , Clemons Mark , Vanderhyden Barbara C. , Gray Douglas A. , Addison Christina L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common type of breast cancer. As few tools exist to study ILC metastasis, we isolated ILC cells with increased invasive properties to establish a spontaneously metastasising xenograft model.

Methods
MDA-MB-134VI ILC cells were placed in transwells for 7 days. Migrated cells were isolated and expanded to create the VIVA1 cell line. VIVA1 cells were compared to parental MDA-MB-134VI cells in vitro for ILC marker expression and relative proliferative and invasive ability. An intraductally injected orthotopic xenograft model was used to assess primary and metastatic tumour growth in vivo.

Results
Similar to MDA-MB-134VI, VIVA1 cells retained expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and lacked expression of E-cadherin, however showed increased invasion in vitro. Following intraductal injection, VIVA1 and MDA-MB-134VI cells had similar primary tumour growth and survival kinetics. However, macrometastases were apparent in 7/10 VIVA1-injected animals. Cells from a primary orthotopic tumour (VIVA-LIG43) were isolated and showed similar proliferative rates but were also more invasive than parental cells. Upon re-injection intraductally, VIVA-LIG43 cells had more rapid tumour growth with similar metastatic incidence and location.

Conclusions
We generated a new orthotopic spontaneously metastasising xenograft model for ER+ ILC amenable for the study of ILC metastasis.
Exon skipping induced by CRISPR-directed gene editing regulates the response to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Banas Kelly , Modarai Shirin , Rivera-Torres Natalia , Yoo Byung-Chun , Bialk Pawel A. , Barrett Connor , Batish Mona , Kmiec Eric B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe have been developing CRISPR-directed gene editing as an augmentative therapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by genetic disruption of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2). NRF2 promotes tumor cell survival in response to therapeutic intervention and thus its disablement should restore or enhance effective drug action. Here, we report how NRF2 disruption leads to collateral damage in the form of CRISPR-mediated exon skipping. Heterogeneous populations of transcripts and truncated proteins produce a variable response to chemotherapy, dependent on which functional domain is missing. We identify and characterize predicted and unpredicted transcript populations and discover that several types of transcripts arise through exon skipping; wherein one or two NRF2 exons are missing. In one specific case, the presence or absence of a single nucleotide determines whether an exon is skipped or not by reorganizing Exonic Splicing Enhancers (ESEs). We isolate and characterize the diversity of clones induced by CRISPR activity in a NSCLC tumor cell population, a critical and often overlooked genetic byproduct of this exciting technology. Finally, gRNAs must be designed with care to avoid altering gene expression patterns that can account for variable responses to solid tumor therapy.
Finite-momentum excitons and the role of electron–phonon couplings in the electronic and phonon transport properties of boron arsenide
Authors: Mei Haodong , Xia Yujie , Zhang Yiming , Wu Yu , Chen Ying , Ma Congcong , Kong Mingran , Peng Lei , Zhu Heyuan , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2022

Different from traditional materials, the carrier scattering processes in cubic BAs are dominantly determined by the ionized impurity scattering, in which electron scatterings are more sensitive to the ionized impurity compared to hole scatterings.
Using Deep Siamese networks for trajectory analysis to extract motion patterns in videos
Authors: Boyle Jonathan , Nawaz Tahir , Ferryman James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of Siamese networks for trajectory similarity analysis in surveillance tasks. Specifically, the proposed approach uses an auto‐encoder as a part of training a discriminative twin (Siamese) network to perform trajectory similarity analysis, thus presenting an end‐to‐end framework to perform an online motion pattern extraction in the scene with an ability to incorporate new incoming trajectory(ies) incrementally. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated on four challenging public real‐world datasets containing both vehicle and person targets, and compared with five existing methods. The proposed method consistently shows better or comparable performance than the existing methods on all datasets.
Comparison and analysis of different rotor structures of double‐stator permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Hu Yan , Zhang Bingyi , Feng Guihong , Liu Zeyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCompared with the single‐stator permanent magnet synchronous motor(SS‐PMSM), the double‐stator permanent magnet synchronous motor(DS‐PMSM) can make full use of the space in the motor cavity to make it have higher torque density, so it is more suitable for direct‐drive occasions with low‐speed and high‐torque. This paper aims to design and compare the parameters and performances of DS‐PMSMs with four different rotor structures: 1)Series magnetic circuit of radial magnetised single‐layer permanent magnet(type Ⅰ), 2)Series magnetic circuit of radial magnetised double‐layer permanent magnet(type Ⅱ), 3)Parallel magnetic circuit of radial magnetised double‐layer permanent magnet(type Ⅲ), 4)Parallel magnetic circuit of tangential magnetised permanent magnet(type Ⅳ). Firstly, the equivalent magnetic circuit method is used to analyse the magnetic circuits of the four DS‐PMSMs. Next, the finite element analysis tool is used to compare the performances of the four DS‐PMSMs with the same volume. Their air‐gap flux density, no‐load back‐EMF, cogging torque, torque characteristics, moment of inertia, rotor loss and efficiency are quantitatively analysed and compared. Finally, this paper provides guidance and suggestions for the selection of the rotor structure of DS‐PMSM.
Experimental protocol designed to employ Nd:YAG laser surgery for anterior chamber glaucoma detection via UBM
Authors: Ali Saba Ghazanfar , Ali Riaz , Sheng Bin , Chen Yan , Li Huating , Yang Po , Li Ping , Jung Younhyun , Zhu Fang , Lu Ping , Kim Jinman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAngle closure glaucoma leads to fluid deposition in eye, and intraocular pressure occurs that damage the optic nerve, causes blindness and vision loss. Anterior chamber (AC) evaluation is imperative for determining the risk of angle‐closure. Previously, techniques were dependent on either Pentacam–Scheimpflug that interprets poor visual information, anterior segment optical coherence tomography is injurious to intercede opaque optical structures. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental protocol is designed for detailed disease analysis based on IBM SPSS statistics via ultrasound biomicroscopy which is superior in evaluating deep structures; first, the affected parameter for AC is analysed, and afterwards the direction that needs laser surgery is explored. Experiments are conducted on large‐scale clinical studies from an affiliated hospital in Shanghai, China. The dataset comprised 600 AC images in five directions of 60 subjects. The mean with standard deviation for anterior open distance is 0.158790.096779 mm, 0.158630.081435 mm, and anterior chamber angle is 18.74908.0315, 18.74108.3889 for left and right eye respectively. It is found that anterior chamber angle in the downside of the AC is wider than the upside. However, this decision is partly based on the narrowest part of the angle to widen the depth of the direction and eliminate pupil block.
Antibiotic Use in Paediatric Patients Hospitalized with Acute Severe
Asthma
Authors: Trischler Jordis , von Blumroeder Malin , Donath Helena , Kluge Sven , Hutter Martin , Dreßler Melanie , Zielen Stefan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Antibiotic use during asthma exacerbations in paediatric
patients is not routinely recommended but common practise in out-patient and
in-patient settings. Objective of this study was to analyse frequency of
antibiotic use during acute severe asthma exacerbations, antibiotic classes
utilized and clinical decision-making.
Methods All in-patient admissions over 10 years in a single German
Children’s University hospital due to acute severe asthma were included
in this retrospective analysis. Age, length of stay, oxygen supplementation,
treatment, laboratory parameters and chest x-rays of all patients ranging from 1
to 17 years were analysed.
Results 580 hospital admissions were included in this study. Overall
antibiotic use was high but decreased with age (1–5 years 69,6%,
6–11 years 57,6% and 12–17 years 39,7%,
p<0.001). Analysis of antibiotic treatment without clear indication
showed a consistently lower treatment rate of 28.3%, with macrolides
being the most common antibiotic class. Younger age significantly decreased,
whereas, increase of CrP value, use of oxygen supplementation and concomitant
fever all significantly increased the odds ratio (OR 0.967; 4.366, 2.472 and
2.011 respectively) of receiving antibiotic treatment without clear
indication.
Conclusion Antibiotic treatment without clear indication during acute
severe asthma is common in this German single-centre cohort. Clinical parameters
of more severe disease affect clinician’s decision to administer
antibiotics despite evidence of bacterial infection or improved outcome.
Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying lodging of soybean across multiple environments
Authors: Sun Maolin , Zhao Kezhen , Wang Jie , Mu Wenqing , Zhan Yuhang , Li Wenbin , Teng Weili , Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng 
Published: March 2022

Lodging is an important agronomic trait related to crop yield and is easily susceptible to environmental influences. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Hefeng 25 × Dongnong L28 including 109 lines was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to soybean lodging. Seven QTLs were identified in the three environments (Harbin in 2017, 2018 and 2019), and these could explain 2.21–20.17% of the phenotypic variation. Among these QTLs, qLDG-I-1 (Chr20_24146101–Chr20_24297321) was stable for multiple environments. A residue heterozygous line, which was heterozygous at the qLDG-I-1 locus, was used to verify qLDG-I-1, and the results showed that this QTL could significantly improve lodging resistance of soybean. Meanwhile, 13 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected, which could explain 3.26–18.24% of the phenotypic variation. QTL × environment interaction mapping was also used, and it detected 31 QTLs, which could explain 1.61–7.94% of the phenotypic variation. In total, 122 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected, and they could explain 5.39–27.81% of the phenotypic variation. Additionally, candidate genes related to soybean lodging in the qLDG-I-1 interval were predicted, and Glyma.20g068000 was mined as a candidate gene based on quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The QTLs and candidate genes identified in this study are of great significance to position cloning, and could accelerate the progress of breeding resistance to lodging in soybean.
Alternating lysis and lysogeny is a winning strategy in bacteriophages due to Parrondo's paradox
Authors: Cheong Kang Hao , Wen Tao , Benler Sean , Koh Jin Ming , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Bacteriophages, the most widespread reproducing biological entity on Earth, employ two strategies of virus–host interaction: lysis of the host cell and lysogeny whereby the virus genome integrates into the host genome and propagates vertically with it. We present a population model that reveals an effect known as Parrondo’s paradox in game theory: Alternating between lysis and lysogeny is a winning strategy for a bacteriophage, even when each strategy individually is at a disadvantage compared with a competing bacteriophage. Thus, evolution of bacteriophages appears to optimize the ratio between the lysis and lysogeny propensities rather than the phage burst size in any individual phase. This phenomenon is likely to be relevant for understanding evolution of other host–parasites systems.
Tone and vocabulary learning for classroom-based L2 Mandarin learners
Authors: Dong Zhiyin Renee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe primary function of Mandarin tone is to encode and differentiate otherwise similar-sounding words. In that regard, proficient tone use is essential for both intelligible L2 pronunciation and successful vocabulary learning. Recent research investigating L2 tone use in online Mandarin word recognition revealed persistent difficulties among proficient learners. This paper reviews these findings in light of several tone teaching issues and challenges and proposes a few potential improvements to the current tone word pedagogy. It is suggested that tone instruction can be more effective if it is form-focused, systematically given in conjunction with vocabulary teaching, and backward-designed based on articulated tone word learning objectives and matching assessments. While highlighting the potentials of computer-mediated tone instruction and self-directed learning, the paper also identified a few directions for future research.
A perturbative analysis of interacting scalar field cosmologies
Authors: Leon Genly , González Esteban , Millano Alfredo D , Franz Silva Felipe Orlando 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scalar field cosmologies with a generalized harmonic potential are investigated in flat and negatively curved Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker and Bianchi I metrics. An interaction between the scalar field and matter is considered. Asymptotic methods and averaging theory are used to obtain relevant information about the solution space. In this approach, the Hubble parameter plays the role of a time-dependent perturbation parameter which controls the magnitude of the error between full-system and time-averaged solutions as it decreases. Our approach is used to show that full and time-averaged systems have the same asymptotic behavior. Numerical simulations are presented as evidence of such behavior. Relevant results show that the asymptotic behavior of the solutions is independent of the coupling function.
Insights on entanglement entropy in 1 + 1 dimensional causal sets
Authors: Keseman Théo , Muneesamy Hans J , Yazdi Yasaman K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Entanglement entropy in causal sets offers a fundamentally covariant characterisation of quantum field degrees of freedom. A known result in this context is that the degrees of freedom consist of a number of contributions that have continuum-like analogues, in addition to a number of contributions that do not. The latter exhibit features below the discreteness scale and are excluded from the entanglement entropy using a ‘truncation scheme’. This truncation is necessary to recover the standard spatial area law of entanglement entropy. In this paper we build on previous work on the entanglement entropy of a massless scalar field on a causal set approximated by a 1 + 1D causal diamond in Minkowski spacetime. We present new insights into the truncated contributions, including evidence that they behave as fluctuations and encode features specific to a particular causal set sprinkling. We extend previous results in the massless theory to include Rényi entropies and include new results for the massive theory. We also discuss the implications of our work for the treatment of entanglement entropy in causal sets in more general settings.
Modifying magnetic properties of MnBi with carbon: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Kharel Parashu , Lama Bhubnesh , Flesche Matthew , Mehlberg Zachary , Lamsal Buddhi , Valloppilly Shah , Zhou Yue , Sellmyer David J , Paudel Tula R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
MnBi and MnBi-based materials have been investigated as prospective rare-earth-free permanent magnets with moderate energy product. One of the main issues with MnBi synthesis is the presence of residual Bi in the sample which reduces the net magnetization. We have found that MnBi synthesized in the presence of carbon substantially reduces the amount of residual Bi, improving its saturation magnetization. We have synthesized Mn55Bi45 and Mn55Bi45C
x
samples using arc melting and high-vacuum annealing. The room temperature x-ray diffraction patterns indicate that both Mn55Bi45 and Mn55Bi45C
x
crystallize in the hexagonal NiAs-type structure. The Rietveld analysis of the x-ray patterns shows that the amount of residual Bi reduces from 16 wt.% for Mn55Bi45 to 5 wt.% for Mn55Bi45Cx. The high-field (3 T) magnetizations measured at room temperature are 61 emu g−1 and 66 emu g−1 for Mn55Bi45 and Mn55Bi45C
x
, respectively. To understand the role of C in enhancing the magnetization of MnBi, we carried out the first-principles calculations of both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric MnBi alloys, which suggests that the increase of magnetization in Mn55Bi45C
x
may be due to the coating of MnBi grains with C.
Multifunctional behaviour in B-site disordered double perovskite EuPrCoMnO6
Authors: Alam Mohd , Ghosh Labanya , Majumder Supriyo , Singh Prajyoti , Kumar Satya Vijay , Dixit Srishti , Kumar Dheeraj , Anand Khyati , Kumari Seema , Ghosh A K , Choudhary R J , Chatterjee Sandip 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report magnetic, transport, dielectric, and complex impedance of polycrystalline double perovskite EuPrCoMnO6 which crystallizes in disordered orthorhombic phase with space group Pnma. The DC magnetization shows two successive ferromagnetic transitions around 146 K and 138 K. The temperature and magnetic field variation of DC-susceptibility suggest the existence of Griffith phase and spontaneous exchange bias. AC susceptibility measurement shows a glassy dynamic behaviour near ferromagnetic transition. Further, a re-entrant glassy dynamic state is seen at a low temperature around 40 K. Temperature-dependent resistivity shows semiconducting/insulating nature, which gets increased under the application of magnetic field, showing positive magnetoresistance. The dielectric study shows usual frequency-dependent step-like behaviour with a colossal dielectric constant near room temperature. The complex impedance study shows both grain and grain boundary contribute to the electrical properties. The observed properties suggest the material can be used for spintronic devices and high dielectric applications.
Revisiting the scotogenic model with scalar dark matter
Authors: Ávila Ivania M , Cottin Giovanna , Díaz Marco A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The scotogenic model is a well motivated scenario that provides both an explanation for neutrino masses and for dark matter (DM). We focus on a real scalar DM candidate in this model, produced through standard thermal freeze-out. We analyze the parameter space of the model compatible with the observed DM relic abundance, direct and indirect detection searches, limits from lepton flavour violating decays and constraints from the neutrino sector. As the mass differences of the DM with the neutral and charged states are found to be small, the new scalars and fermions of the theory will have macroscopic lifetimes, and could thus be potentially detected with long-lived particle signatures at colliders. We find regions in the parameter space to be—partially or fully—consistent with the DM relic abundance, and the prediction of a long-lived charged scalar or lightest neutral fermion in the scotogenic scenario, for DM masses below 500 GeV. We discuss on the collider phenomenology in some detail.
A new image reconstruction strategy for TMR-EMT: combining regularization theory with guided image filtering method
Authors: Wang Chao , Guo Qi , Li Zhengnan , Ye Jiamin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Electromagnetic tomography based on tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR-EMT) can be used to obtain the solid phase (magnetic catalyst) distribution in a gas–liquid–solid three-phase fluidized bed based on changes in permeability. However, the TMR-EMT system has a higher sensitivity near the TMR sensor and lower sensitivity in other positions, which makes the ill-conditioned property of image reconstruction more serious compared with the traditional coil measurement EMT system. As a result, the reconstructed image quality of the solid phase distribution is low. Aiming to address this problem, a new image reconstruction strategy, based on guided image filtering (GIF) and regularization theory, is proposed for TMR-EMT to improve the reconstruction quality of the solid phase distribution in a gas–liquid–solid three-phase fluidized bed. First, the L2 regularization method and L1 regularization method are used to reconstruct the image of the permeability distribution in the region of interest (ROI). On this basis, the reconstructed images of the L2 regularization and L1 regularization are used as the input image and guided image of GIF respectively for filtering the output. Finally, the image of solid phase distribution in the ROI is obtained according to the reconstructed image of the permeability. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy can take into account the sparsity of L1 regularization and the smoothness of L2 regularization simultaneously, and obtain a higher image reconstruction quality.
A comparison of two data analysis approaches for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Metzner Selma , Wübbeler Gerd , Kolbitsch Christoph , Elster Clemens 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique which is widely used in clinical routine. Standard imaging methods lead to so-called contrast-weighted images. The contrast arises from several tissue-related parameters such as the relaxation times T
1 and T
2. The aim in quantitative MRI (qMRI) is an estimation of these quantitative parameters. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a promising technique in qMRI that allows for the simultaneous determination of multiple tissue-related parameters within a short acquisition time. The conventional MRF method utilizes an approximate inverse Fourier transformation for the highly undersampled data in the Fourier domain, leading to aliasing errors in the reconstructed magnetization courses. Computationally expensive statistical MRF modeling approaches overcome this issue by modeling the data directly in the Fourier domain. However, this leads to a non-convex and large-scale optimization task that is challenging to solve and requires expensive calculations. We compare two recent approaches, namely the conventional MRF method and a statistical MRF modeling approach based on Bayesian statistics in terms of their accuracy, reliability and computational costs. The comparison is carried out for simulated data with known ground truth for different signal-to-noise ratios, in the presence of errors in the physical model, and for several Fourier domain sampling schemes. It is demonstrated that a residual analysis can help to decide if the conventional MRF method is sufficient or if the complex Bayesian Fourier domain modeling approach can lead to a significant improvement.