bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate of surgical site and urinary tract infections in dogs after cessation of antibiotics following spinal surgery
Authors: Korytárová Natália , Kramer Sabine , Schnepf Anne , Kreienbrock Lothar , Volk Holger A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundExcessive use of antimicrobials and the increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance are major challenges in both human and veterinary medicine. The role of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy in orthopaedic and neurosurgeries in dogs can be questioned. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of surgical site infections (SSI) and urinary tract infections (UTI) in dogs after cessation of antibiotics following spinal surgery.MethodsElectronic patient records from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs that underwent spinal surgery (n = 158). Antimicrobial drug use and the presence of SSI and UTI were recorded.ResultsOverall, SSI developed in 1.3% of dogs that underwent spinal surgery, while UTI developed in 8.2%. Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria were detected in 5.1% of dogs. The rates of SSI, UTI and MDR did not differ significantly between dogs that received postoperative antimicrobial therapy and those that did not.LimitationsThe main limitation of this study was its retrospective design.ConclusionOverall, the SSI rate in this study was low. Cessation of postoperative antimicrobial use in dogs following spinal surgery did not have a negative effect on either SSI development or the occurrence of UTI.
Impact of ergosterol content on acetic and lactic acids toxicity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ferraz Luís , Vorauer‐Uhl Karola , Sauer Michael , Sousa Maria J. , Branduardi Paola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic acid stress often represents a major hurdle in industrial bio‐based microbial processes. Organic acids can be released from lignocellulosic feedstocks pretreatment and can also be desirable products obtained by microbial fermentation with applications in different industrial sectors. Yeasts are prominent cell factories. However, the presence of organic acids can compromise yeast metabolism, impairing fermentation performances and limiting the economic feasibility of the processes. Plasma membrane remodeling is deeply involved in yeast tolerance to organic acids, but the detailed mechanisms and potentials of this phenomenon remain largely to be studied and exploited. We investigated the impact of ergosterol on Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerance against organic acid stress by coupling in vitro and in vivo assays. In the in vitro assay, synthetic lipid vesicles were prepared containing different concentrations of ergosterol. We observed changes in organic acids diffusion through the membrane as a function of ergosterol content. Then, we extended our approach in vivo, engineering S. cerevisiae with the aim of changing the ergosterol content of cells. We focused on ECM22, an important transcription factor, involved in the regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis. The overexpression of ECM22 was sufficient to increase ergosterol levels in S. cerevisiae, resulting in an enhanced tolerance toward lactic acid stress. In this work we propose an in vitro approach, using synthetic lipid vesicles, as a complementary method to be used when studying the impact of the plasma membrane lipid composition on the diffusion of organic acids.
Pharma Tender Processes: Modeling Auction Outcomes
Authors: Mekler Philipp , Sun Jingshu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the overall tendering and contracting process in the pharmaceutical industry by providing an overview of the first-sealed price auction theory, auction rules, and drug pricing mechanism of different countries. Comparing procurement systems across Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America, the review casts light on various pharmaceutical bidding systems across the world and their impact on drug prices. Then, this review focuses on the empirical estimation of first-price auction models. In terms of model specification, we compare the two most commonly used empirical methods for bidding price estimation: structural models and reduced form approaches to test the auction theory. Maximum likelihood estimation is the most frequently used method for structural estimation in literature and selection bias correction is widely adopted using reduced form models. In addition to parametric model construction, we also provide an extensive introduction of non-parametric testing methodologies, including non-parametric estimation and quantile-based estimation to reduce the computation complexity and further illustrate how auction theory could be validated by real-world applications. Additional thoughts and adjustments on non-parametric testing are brought up based on a real-world tendering use case from a large multi-national pharmaceutical company.
Multi-Echelon Inventory Optimization Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Hammler Patric , Riesterer Nicolas , Mu Gang , Braun Torsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we provide an overview of inventory management within the pharmaceutical industry and how to model and optimize it. Inventory management is a highly relevant topic, as it causes high costs such as holding, shortage, and reordering costs. Especially the event of a stock-out can cause damage that goes beyond monetary damage in the form of lost sales. To minimize those costs is the task of an optimized reorder policy. A reorder policy is optimal when it minimizes the accumulated cost in every situation. However, finding an optimal policy is not trivial. First, the problem is highly stochastic as we need to consider variable demands and lead times. Second, the supply chain consists of several warehouses incl. the factory, global distribution warehouses, and local affiliate warehouses, whereby the reorder policy of each warehouse has an impact on the optimal reorder policy of related warehouses. In this context, we discuss the concept of multi-echelon inventory optimization and a methodology that is capable of capturing both, the stochastic behavior of the environment and how it is impacted by the reorder policy: Markov decision processes (MDPs). On this basis, we introduce the concept, its related benefits and weaknesses of a methodology named Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL is capable of finding (near-) optimal (reorder) policies for MDPs. Furthermore, some simulation-based results and current research directions are presented.
Principles of Anesthesia
Authors: Nery Emily Rose 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery offers a better surgical experience with a wide-range of application across several surgical procedures. Understanding the physiologic changes related to the interaction of intraperitoneal insufflation, the effects of carbon dioxide, patient positioning and patient-specific factors will guide anesthetic management. An enhanced recovery program is a complimentary approach to minimally invasive surgery through the integration of various elements including short fasting time, multi-modal pain management, early mobilization and post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis. Mitigating the cardiovascular and ventilatory consequences, optimizing patient’s preoperative status and close coordination of care in a team-based approach will result in early recovery, cost-effectiveness and improve over-all patient experience as well as minimize adverse outcomes.
Perforated Ulcer Treatment
Authors: Yamamoto Mika , Imamura Kiyotaka 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe perforated ulcers were treated by open gastrectomy or simple suture until 1937 then Graham introduced the method using a free omental graft, which is called the “Graham patch procedure” [1]. This procedure has long been a golden standard of surgical treatment for perforated peptic ulcers. The idea of laparoscopic treatment had arisen in the 1990s, and the comparison of superiority between laparoscopy and open surgery has long been discussed [2].
Laparoscopic Subtotal Cholecystectomy
Authors: Lawenko Michael M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeverely inflamed gallbladders due to acute or chronic infections are challenging to operate on laparoscopically. This is due to the difficulty of adequate ductal identification using the critical view of safety (CVS), which increases the risk of bile duct injury. The safer method would be to avoid dissection in the hepatocystic triangle and perform a subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The two types of subtotal cholecystectomy, based on the remaining remnant gallbladder would be fenestrating (no remnant) and reconstituting (remnant present) [1].
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Abdominal Approach
Authors: Chua Henry , Roble Vincent Matthew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSince its first description by Gagner et al., in 1992, laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of most adrenal conditions [1]. It has generally replaced open adrenalectomy for small- and medium-sized adrenal lesions [2]. The advantages of LA include shorter hospital stays, less postoperative pain, and better cosmetic results [3].
Esophageal Cysts
Authors: Oo Aung Myint 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEsophageal cysts are rare congenital anomalies of gastrointestinal tract first described by Blasius in 1711. In 1881, Roth also described esophageal cysts and there are two categories namely simple epithelial lined cysts and esophageal duplication cysts. Esophageal duplication cysts are embryologic duplication of part of the esophageal mucosa and submucosa without epithelial duplication. The prevalence of esophageal duplication cysts is 0.0122% and accounts for 10–15% of duplication cysts in the gastrointestinal tract. [1] Esophageal cysts and duplications usually do not have communication with the lumen and they can be found in the neck, chest, and abdomen. Most of the esophageal duplication cysts (two-thirds) are found in the lower esophagus in the right posteroinferior mediastinum while 1/3 in the upper/middle third of esophagus and sometimes lesions can be found in the intra-abdominal esophagus. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients. While asymptomatic patients can be opted for surveillance and follow up, surgical removal can also be considered due to the potential risks of complications including mucosal ulceration, bleeding, perforation, and rarely the malignant transformation.
Laparoscopic Left Liver Resection
Authors: Hai Pham Minh , Tuan Le Quan Anh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLiver resection is basically parenchymal transection and vessels, bile ducts control which is related to risk of major bleeding, bile leak, and unwanted injury of hepatic remnant. Distribution of vessels and bile ducts consists of two parts. One is hepatic veins. The other is hepatic pedicles which are covered by Glisson’s capsule and located deeply in the hepatic parenchyma. This leads to technical difficulties as controlling inflow and outflow. This is explanation for limitation of applying laparoscopic surgery in major anatomical hepatectomy such as right hepatectomy and left hepatectomy.
Laparoscopic Internal Drainage of Pancreatic Pseudocysts
Authors: Tuan Le Quan Anh , Hai Pham Minh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccording to revised Atlanta criteria, pancreatic pseudocyst (PP) is a chronic (>4 weeks) fluid collection within pancreatic parenchyma or adjacent space of pancreas which has no solid debris [1]. Pancreatic pseudocyst is consequence of acute pancreatitis in most cases. However, it may be consequence of chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic trauma, or pancreatic operation [2].
Intraoperative Splenic Injuries
Authors: Chua Henry , Roble Vincent Matthew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntraoperative splenic injuries can occur in any abdominal surgical procedure. Reports range from vascular surgeons performing abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs to thoracic surgeons performing Nissen fundoplication to urologists performing radical nephrectomies [1]. Injury to the spleen during laparoscopic urological surgery has a reported incidence of 0.25% [2]. The reported incidence of splenic injury resulting in splenectomy during colonic surgery is 1.2–8%. The highest percentage of all incidental splenectomies are due to colonic surgeries, primarily to a large number of these operations and the close proximity between the colonic splenic flexure and the spleen [3]. Injuries to the spleen during laparoscopic adrenalectomy may be either access-related or caused by powerful retraction and handling of the organ [4].
Laparoscopic Management of Recurrent and Re-recurrent Hernia
Authors: Malik Sajid , Kit James Lee Wai , Wijerathne Sujith , Lomanto Davide 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the best surgical techniques and measures, we still see recurrence rates between 0.5 and 15% in the current literature, following primary hernia repair and this depends on the hernia site, method of repair as well as circumstances of the timing of surgery [1]. With such a growing number of patients presenting with hernia recurrence, it is imperative that general surgeons are familiar and comfortable with various modalities of repair [2].
Endoscopic Anterior Component Separation Technique (eACS)
Authors: Imamura Kiyotaka , Radu Victor Gheorghe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComponent separation technique (CST) provides a substantial amount of medial advancement of myofascial components of the abdominal wall and is useful in addressing large and complex hernia defects during open ventral hernia repair. Classic anterior CST is associated with high rates of surgical site occurrences and infection [1]. To reduce wound complications, endoscopic approach was developed [2]. Although endoscopic anterior CS (eACS) has lost popularity due to recent trend toward TAR for complex abdominal wall reconstruction cases [3], eACS result in a similar wound morbidity and recurrence rate as TAR [4]. eACS could be another option in the armamentarium to deal with complex ventral hernias.
Endo-laparoscopic Retromuscular Repair
Authors: Lauro Enrico , Scudo Giovanni , Rizzo Salvatore 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough few data exist to guide the management of rectus abdominis diastasis (RAD), during past decades many articles were published to describe techniques to correct RAD and concomitant abdominal midline defects. Among these, stapled techniques are acquiring an increasing interest.In this chapter we present the main surgical steps to perform an endoscopic retromuscular repair with the use of staplers.
Endoscopic Subcutaneous Onlay Laparoscopic Approach
Authors: Jacopo Andreuccetti , Alberto Di Leo , Lauro Enrico 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, abdominal wall surgery has shown a clear interest in reproducing traditional open techniques and avoiding intraperitoneal mesh placement. The endoscopic Subcutaneous Onlay Laparoscopic Approach (SCOLA) is very popular in South American countries, especially for small umbilical and epigastric hernias with concomitant rectus muscles diastasis. In these cases, a full midline reconstruction should be scheduled, because hernia repair alone is affected by a higher recurrences rate compared to simultaneous hernia and diastasis repair [1–5]. Through an endoscopic dissection of the preaponeurotic subcutaneous space is possible to reconstruct the abdominal wall by placing an onlay prosthesis in those patients without excess skin or subcutaneous tissue. Although SCOLA repair is safe and feasible to correct diastasis recti and symptomatic midline hernias with excellent cosmetic results, seroma and abdominal numbness are frequent complications.
The daily mobility of older adults: Urban/rural differences in ten developed countries
Authors: Giménez-Nadal José Ignacio , Molina José Alberto , Velilla Jorge 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the mobility patterns of older adults in ten countries, with a focus on the differences produced by urban environments in their non-work trips. Using detailed time use diaries from the Multinational Time Use Study for the last two decades, we analyze the trips associated with leisure and housework of non-working older adults. The results show that older adults in urban areas spend more time in leisure trips than similar individuals in rural areas. On the other hand, male older adults in urban areas spend less time in housework trips than do their counterparts in rural areas. However, such correlations are found to differ by country, gender, type of trip, and mode of transport, revealing complex correlations between urban forms and older adults’ daily mobility. Furthermore, factors such as the number of railway kilometers, gross domestic product growth rates, and the percentage of urban population in the country seem to be associated with differences in the behavior of older adults in their non-work daily trips.
VTd-PACE and VTd-PACE-like regimens are effective salvage therapies in difficult-to-treat relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a single-center experience
Authors: Ghandili Susanne , Alihodzic Dzenefa , Wiessner Christian , Bokemeyer Carsten , Weisel Katja , Leypoldt Lisa B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough treatment options for multiple myeloma (MM) are rapidly evolving, there still remain difficult-to-treat situations, especially in relapsed and/or refractory (r/r) disease. When modern therapies are exhausted, or emergency treatment is needed for high tumor burden, classic chemotherapy combination regimens like the VTd-PACE regimen and its modifications (PACE-M) may also be beneficial as bridging to subsequent treatment options. This single-center retrospective analysis aimed to investigate the outcome of VTd-PACE and PACE-M salvage therapy in 31 heavily pretreated r/r MM patients. The primary objective was the overall response rate (ORR). Secondary objectives were median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (mOS), safety, and renal response. Median age was 59 years (range 39–75), and 71% of patients were male. R-ISS stratification showed high-risk MM in 48%. The median number of prior therapies was 3, with 23 patients being triple- and 12 penta-refractory (74% and 39%). ORR was 71%, including 23% of patients achieving a very good partial response. Median duration of follow-up was 15 months (range 0–29 months). mPFS and mOS were 3 months (95% CI 0.27–5.74) and 11 months (95% CI 3.66–18.35), respectively. In 26 patients (83.9%), at least one subsequent treatment (stem cell transplant or BCMA-directed) was administered. Renal function significantly improved after VTd-PACE or PACE-M treatment (p = 0.032). Non-hematological adverse events ≥ grade 3 were predominantly infections. VTd-PACE and PACE-M are effective salvage therapies in difficult-to-treat situations in heavily pre-treated r/r MM, including patients with impaired renal function. VTd-PACE and PACE-M can be successfully used as bridging therapy for subsequent treatment.
Composite fabrication and characterization of crosslinked polyaniline/Pterocladia capillacea-activated carbon for adsorption of direct blue-86 dye from water
Authors: Shoaib Amany G. M. , El Nemr Ahmed , Ramadan Mohamed S. , Masoud Mamdouh S. , El Sikaily Amany 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of crosslinked polyaniline/Pterocladia capillacea-activated carbon composite (CrossPANI/P-AC) at different ratios (1:0, 1:0.2, 1:0.6, and 1:1) was studied. CrossPANI/P-AC composites were fabricated by the in situ polymerization of aniline using hydrogen chloride as an acidic dopant, and ammonium persulfate as initiator, whilePterocladia capillacea-activated carbon was synthesized by the chemical activation method and incorporated into the polymer matrix. The samples were characterized by the terms such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). FTIR spectroscopy showed the main characteristic peak positions of CrossPANI/P-AC; XRD showed low crystallinity of CrossPANI/P-AC. A high specific surface area for CrossPANI/P-AC was achieved at a ratio of 1:0.2 where Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, total pore volume, and mean pore diameter values were 166.10 m2/g, 0.0141 cm3/g, and 3.40 nm, respectively. The capability of CrossPANI/P-AC (1:0.2) composite as adsorbent for Direct blue-86 (DB-86) dye from aqueous solution was investigated. The impact of initial dye concentration, temperature, pH, and contact time on the DB-86 dye adsorption from its water solution was examined. The equilibrium adsorption data were well represented by the Langmuir isotherm achieving maximum monolayer capacity (Qm) of 163.93 mg/g at a dose of 0.5 g/L. In contrast, the kinetic adsorption data were well fit by the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that DB-86 dye adsorption occurs spontaneously, endothermically, and physically in nature. The results demonstrated that these composites effectively removed DB-86 dye from aqueous solutions and could be recycled.Graphical abstract
Pepsin enhances glycolysis to promote malignant transformation of vocal fold leukoplakia epithelial cells with dysplasia
Authors: Li Haitong , Zhang Shasha , Zhou Shuihong , Bao Yangyang , Cao Xiaojuan , Shen Lifang , Xu Bin , Gao Weimin , Luo Yunzhen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The mechanism underlying malignant transformation of vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL) and the precise role of the expression of pepsin in VFL remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acidified pepsin on VFL epithelial cell growth and migration, and also identify pertinent molecular mechanisms.

Methods
Immunochemistry and Western blotting were performed to measure glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), monocarboxylate transporters 4 (MCT4), and Hexokinase-II (HK-II) expressions. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration were investigated by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell chamber assay, respectively. Glycolysis-related contents were determined using the corresponding kits. Mitochondrial HK-II was photographed under a confocal microscope using Mito-Tracker Red.

Results
It was found: the expression of pepsin and proportion of pepsin+ cells in VFL increased with the increased dysplasia grade; acidified pepsin enhanced cell growth and migration capabilities of VFL epithelial cells, reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity and oxidative phosphorylation, and enhanced aerobic glycolysis and GLUT1 expression in VFL epithelial cells; along with the transfection of GLUT1 overexpression plasmid, 18FFDG uptake, lactate secretion and growth and migration capabilities of VFL epithelial cell were increased; this effect was partially blocked by the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose; acidified pepsin increased the expression of HK-II and enhanced its distribution in mitochondria of VFL epithelial cells.

Conclusion
It was concluded that acidified pepsin enhances VFL epithelial cell growth and migration abilities by reducing mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity and promoting metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis.