bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of cytochrome P450 and esterase genes involved in permethrin resistance in larvae and adults of Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: Ramkumar Govindaraju , Muthusamy Ranganathan , Narayanan Mathiyazhagan , Kweka Eliningaya J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mosquitoes are the important vectors of several arthropod diseases, which remain a prioritized domain for epidemiology research. Mosquito vector control strategies have classically relied on adult management using chemical insecticides like synthetic pyrethroids. The indiscriminate and non-judicial practice of pesticides has caused tolerance of mosquito population to insecticides of choice. The evolvement of tolerance relies on the expression of few orinterplay of many gene products, belonging to cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase and glutathione superfamily. The present investigation involves the expression pattern of six cytochrome P450 and five esterase candidate genes CYP6M2, CYP6AA7, CYP6Z2, CYP9J34, CYP6BTQ6B7, CYP6AE14 and α-Esterase, Esterase B1, Neuroactin, KM234968, KM234962 in larval and adults Culex quinquefasciatus permethrin resistance strain. Results found expression of the genes CYP6AA7 by 10 folds in larval PerRes and an adult, the expression was only 4.5 folds (P < 0.001; F-73.85), while CYP6M2remains unchanged (P > 0.05; F-0.2496). Esterase gene was 9.0 folds over-expressed in larva and 2.5 folds in adults (P < 0.001; F-27.75). Based on the expression profile the present study suggests that the cytochrome P450CYP6A and esterase gene family may contribute metabolic resistance to permethrin in larval and adult Cx. quinquefasciatus strain.
Quantifying the effect of diammonium phosphate replacing fused calcium magnesium phosphate on soil acidification rate in sugarcane fields based on conservative ion cycling
Authors: Xie Rulin , Zeng Yan , Zhu Xiaohui , Peng Jiayu , Hao Tianxiang , Huang Jinsheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and aim
In recent years, diammonium phosphate (DAP) has gradually replaced fused calcium magnesium phosphate (FCMP) as the main source of phosphorus in sugarcane fields in China. This substitution tended to accelerate soil acidification. We aim to quantify the effect of DAP replacing FCMP on soil acidification rate (SAR) by using conservative ion cycling.
Methods
A 3-yr experiment in a sugarcane field was performed. We use conservative ions to assessed conservative alkalinity (CA), and CA was defined by subtracting the sum of the charges of conservative anions (SO42− and Cl−) from the sum of the charges of conservative cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+). SAR was assessed by the input and output of CA.
Results
CA loss and H+ production have a significant positive correlation. In sugarcane field, CA was output from topsoil by 7.1 to 8.9 kmolc ha–1 yr–1 through leaching and sugarcane harvesting, which continuously acidified the topsoil. Among them, sugarcane removal and leaching contributed 62–66% and 34–38%, respectively. The CA input by deposition alleviated 7.7–9.7% of the CA output. When the FCMP application rate was 500 kg ha–1 yr–1 on average, fertilization alleviated 105.8% of the CA output. When FCMP was replaced by DAP, the SAR increased by 7.4 kmolc ha–1 yr–1.
Conclusions
Replacing FCMP with DAP changes conservative ion cycling, causes the soil to lose more CA, and increases the SAR in sugarcane fields in China. Its subsequent impact on sugarcane production requires further attention.
Suitability of Acacia decurrence Fiber Morphology For Pulp and Paper Making In Ethiopia
Authors: Abara Lamesa , Gebeyehu Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the fiber properties of Acacia decurrence as a alternative raw material quality evaluation for pulp and paper production. Trees from an even-aged stand with a similar stem diameter class were selected randomly. Wood discs were cross cut systematically from a log at the bottom (10%), middle (50%), and top (90%) position along the merchantable height, as well as a block of wood (2cmx2cmx2cm), was taken from pith to periphery: at near pith (10%), middle(50%), and near bark (90%) of disk radius. Fiber properties were determined, and their change with tree height and distance from the pith to the bark were evaluated. The fiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured while the derived fiber values were computed from the measured fiber dimensions. All the data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the overall means were 1.37mm, 39.60µm, 9.68µm, 1.93µm, 0.39, 35.38, 24.82, and 0.09 for fiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness, Runkle ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and wall coverage ratio, respectively. A.decurrence was found to fulfill most of the derived fiber values for pulp and paper production, as any part of the tree portion along tree heights and from the pith to the periphery can be utilized for pulp and paper production.
Spatial differentiation and driving factors of the high-quality development of undertakings for the aged of China
Authors: Peng Rong , Huang Jianhang , Deng Xueqin , Wang Yingying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Promoting the high-quality development (HQD) of undertakings for the aged is an important action to proactively respond to the rapid population aging in China. This study analyzes spatial differentiation and driving factors of the HQD of China’s undertakings for the aged.
Methods: Based on a quantitative indicator system consisting of financial security, elder care services, health care service and older adults’ social participation, the HQD levels of 31 Chinese provincial administrative regions during 2013-2019 are measured by using the entropy weight method. Spatial panel regression models are used to analyze the impact of population aging, economic development and digital technology on the HQD of undertakings for the aged.
Results: The comprehensive level of the HQD slightly increases from 0.209 in 2013 to 0.222 in 2019, and the overall level is low. The HQD of the eastern region is the highest (0.293), followed by the western region (0.212), and the central region is the lowest (0.153). The high-high clustering type is mainly distributed in the eastern region; the low-low clustering type is mainly distributed in the western and central regions. Economic development and digital technology have significant positive effects while population aging has significant negative effects on the HQD of undertakings for the aged.
Conclusion: There is a significantly spatial differentiation in the HQD of China’s undertakings for the aged. In order to promote the HQD of undertakings for the aged, it is necessary to identify development gaps through making HQD evaluation and to focus on the indicators that are critical in maintaining sustainable economic development and to develop digital technology in order to get rid of those gaps.
The early bat catches the moth –relationship between Salix flowers, Orthosia moths and the barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber 1774)
Authors: Apoznański Grzegorz , Carr Andrew , Gelang Magnus , Kokurewicz Tomasz , Rachwald Alek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We present the results of a study which describes the relationship between the western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus a highly specialised moth predator and its prey – moths of the genus Orthosia, another selective animal known to converge around a dominant producer of pollen and nectar in early spring – willow trees Salix sp.. In order to describe this trophic relationship we conducted acoustic recordings at five paired sites (willow / control tree), in proximity to known barbastelle hibernation sites (Natura 2000: PLH080003 & PLH200014) beginning mid-March 2022 after the first willow blossom sighting. Our study confirms a connection between willow trees and barbastelles during early spring as their activity around them was significantly higher than control sites. We also explore the relative abundance of barbastelles over time finding that activity levels around willows first increases, before decreasing from the night of the first recorded bat, while the activity of non-moth specialist bats remains consistent. We show decreasing importance of willows as other species blossomed attracting alternative prey. This newly described relationship should influence current conservation measures aimed at barbastelles.
WITHDRAWN: Agaricus blazei extract FA2bβ enhances the sensitivity of K562/ADR cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: wang dongping , ge wanwen , sun yanqing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The acidic RNA protein complex FA2bβ, isolated from Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), has proapoptotic effects and antiproliferative potency in several cancers. In the present study, we explored whether FA2bβ can boost the sensitivity of adriamycin (ADR) to multidrug-resistant chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) K562/ADR cells. A bioinformatics search identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for enrichment analyses. The synergistic antiproliferative effect of FA2bβ and ADR was investigated using a CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell apoptosis rate, cell cycle and autofluorescence intensity of ADR. Western blotting was used to analyse the mechanism of anti-leukaemia action. There was a synergistic effect of FA2bβ and ADR on the chemosensitivity of K562/ADR cells, showing increased apoptosis and intracellular ADR in K562/ADR cells but downregulated P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. FA2bβ improved the sensitivity of ADR to MDR K562/ADR cells, perhaps by regulating the PI3k/Akt signalling pathway and downregulating P-gp. These results suggest that FA2bβ may be a combination therapy for CML in the future.
The selection of a hydrophobic 7-phenylbutyl-7-deazaadenine-modified DNA aptamer with high binding affinity for the Heat Shock Protein 70
Authors: Mulholland Catherine , Jestrabova Ivana , Sett Arghya , Ondrus Marek , Sykorova Veronika , Manzanares Lorena , Simoncik Oliver , Muller Petr , Hocek Michal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hydrophobic 7-phenylbutyl-7-deaadenine-modified DNA aptamers were selected against the Heat Shock Protein 70 via PEX and magnetic bead-based SELEX. After 9 rounds of selection, the pool was sequenced and a number of candidates were identified. Following initial screening, two modified aptamers were chemically synthesised in-house and their binding affinity analysed by two methods, bio-layer interferometry and fluorescent-plate-based binding assay. The binding affinities of the modified aptam,ers were compared with that of their natural counterparts. The resulting modified aptamers bound with higher affinity (low nanomolar range) to the Hsp70 than their natural sequence (> 5 µM) and hence have potential for applications and further development towards Hsp70 diagnostics or even therapeutics.
Pilot-scale bioethanol production from the starch of avocado seeds using a combination of dilute acid-based hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Caballero-Sanchez Luis , Lázaro-Mixteco Pedro Eduardo , Vargas‐Tah Ana Alejandra , Castro‐Montoya Agustín Jaime 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
A processing methodology of raw starch extraction from avocado seeds (ASs) and a sequential hydrolysis and fermentation bioprocess in just a few steps was successfully obtained for the bioethanol production by a single yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain and this research was also to investigate the optimum conditions for the pretreatment of biomass and technical procedures for the production of bioethanol. It successfully resulted in high yields and productivity of all the experiments from the laboratory scale and the pilot plant. Ethanol yields from pretreated starch are comparable with those in commercial industries that use molasses and hydrolyzed starch as raw materials.
Results
Before the pilot-scale bioethanol production, studies of starch extraction and dilute sulfuric acid-based pretreatment was carefully conducted. The amount of starch extracted from dry and fresh avocado seed was 16.85 g ± 0.34 g and 29.79 ± 3.18 g of dry starch, representing a yield of ∼17 % and 30 %, respectively. After a dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of starch, the released reducing sugars (RRS) were obtained and the hydrolysate slurries containing glucose (109.79 ± 1.14 g/L), xylose (0.99 ± 0.06 g/L), and arabinose (0.38 ± 0.01 g/L). The efficiency of total sugar conversion was 73.40 %, with a productivity of 9.26 g/L/h. The ethanol fermentation in a 125 mL flask fermenter showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fali, active dry yeast) produced the maximum ethanol concentration, pmax at 49.05 g/L (6.22% v/v) with a yield coefficient, Yp/s of 0.44 gEthanol/gGlucose, a productivity or production rate, rp at 2.01 g/L/h and an efficiency, Ef of 85.37%. The pilot scale experiments of the ethanol fermentation using the 40-L fermenter were also successfully achieved with essentially good results. The values of pmax, Yp/s, rp, and Ef of the 40-L scale were at 50.94 g/L (6.46% v/v), 0.45 gEthanol/gGlucose, 2.11 g/L/h, and 88.74%, respectively. Because of using raw starch, major by-products, i.e., acetic acid in the two scales were very low, in ranges of 0.88–2.45 g/L, and lactic acid was not produced, which are less than those values in the industries.
Conclusion
The sequential hydrolysis and fermentation process of two scales for ethanol production using the combination of hydrolysis by utilizing dilute sulfuric acid-based pretreatment and fermentation by a single yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain is practicable and feasible for realistic and effective scale-up strategies of bioethanol production from the starch of avocado seeds.
Maritime transport disruption risk for EU islands under a changing climate
Authors: Zittis George , Ahrens Bodo , Obermann-Hellhund Anika , Giannakis Elias , Risto Danny , Gamez Miguel Agulles , Jorda Gabriel , Peña Mónica Quesada , Rodríguez Veronica Lora , Sauret Jose Luis Guersi , Lionello Piero , Briche Elodie , Collignan Julie , Grätz Matthias , Arikas Damian , Stylianou Constantinos , Neophytou Haris , Serghides Despina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Maritime Transport is a vital sector for global trade and the world economy. Particularly for islands, there is also an important social dimension introduced since island communities strongly rely on the sector for connection with the mainland and transportation of goods and passengers. Furthermore, islands are exceptionally vulnerable to climate change, as sea-level rise and extreme events are expected to induce severe impacts. Such hazards are anticipated to also affect the operations of the Maritime Transport sector, either in port infrastructures or ships en route. The present study is an effort to comprehend better and assess the future risk of Maritime Transport disruption in six European islands and archipelagos and aims at supporting regional to local policy and decision-making. We employ state-of-the-art regional climate datasets and the widely used Impact Chain approach to identify the different components that might drive such risks. Larger islands (e.g., Corsica, Cyprus, and Crete) are found to be more resilient to the impacts of climate change on maritime operations. Our findings also highlight the importance of adopting a low-emission pathway since this will keep the risk of Maritime Transport disruption similar to present levels, with an even slightly decreased risk for some islands because of enhanced adaptation capacity and advantageous demographic changes.
High heritability for thermal tolerance in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
Authors: Benfey Tillmann J. , Gonen Serap , Bartlett Charlotte B. , Garber Amber F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Rising temperatures due to anthropogenic climate change pose a threat to wild Atlantic salmon populations in their natural habitat and to farmed populations during their major growth phase in coastal (seawater) net pens. While tremendous gains have been made in farmed salmon production through artificial selection programs, these have not considered the improvement of high-temperature tolerance. We therefore used two thermal challenge protocols to examine variation among families in a commercial salmon breeding program: a rapid temperature increase using loss of equilibrium as the endpoint (critical thermal maximum; CTmax) and a slower increase with mortality or morbidity as the endpoint (incremental thermal maximum; ITmax). High estimated heritability values were obtained for both (h² = 0.47 and 0.40, respectively), meaning that improved high-temperature tolerance should be attainable for farmed salmon through artificial selection. Furthermore, given that farmed salmon are not many generations removed from wild, this also suggested that wild populations may have some capacity to adapt to increasing temperatures brought about by climate change. However, we found no genetic or phenotypic correlations between CTmax and ITmax, and only weak (or no) genetic and phenotypic correlations between them and other traits predicted to influence thermal tolerance (body size and condition factor, ventricle size, and hematocrit).
The Strain Gradient Viscoelasticity Full Field Solution of Mode-III Crack Problem
Authors: Ding Kuanjie , Lin Zhongya , Wei Yueguang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The size effect and viscosity effect are both noticeable at the micro-/nano-scale. In the present work, the strain gradient viscoelastic solution of mode-III crack in an infinite quasi-brittle advanced material is proposed based on the strain gradient viscoelasticity theory by using Wiener-Hopf method. The solutions of the gradient-dependent viscoelastic crack problem are obtained directly by using the correspondence principle between the strain gradient viscoelasticity and strain gradient elasticity in Maxwell standard linear solid model. In this model, the stress near the crack tip is time-dependent and size-dependent. Besides, the stress near the crack tip is larger than that which is in gradient elasticity theory. The location and the value of maximum stress change with time,which differs from the case in strain gradient elasticity theory.The time that normalized stress take to stabilize also changes with the changing of with distances from the crack tip. When viscoelasticity is neglected or time tends to infinity, the strain gradient viscoelasticity theory can be reduced to the classical strain gradient elasticity theory.
Hly176B, a low-salt tolerant halolysin from the haloarchaeon Haloarchaeobius sp. FL176
Authors: Zhang Shenao , Chen Feilong , Ke Juntao , Hao Yuling , Pan Ruru , Hong Tao , Dai Yongpei , Chen Shaoxing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Extracellular proteases of haloarchaea are adapted to function at high concentrations of NaCl, and could find useful applications in industrial or biotechnological processes where hypersaline conditions are desired. The diversity of extracellular proteases produced by haloarchaea is largely unknown, although the genomes of many species have been sequenced and are publicly available. In this study, a gene encoding the extracellular protease Hly176B from the haloarchaeon Haloarchaeobius sp. FL176 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The catalytic triad Asp-His-Ser was confirmed via site-directed mutagenesis, indicating that Hly176B belongs to the class of serine proteases (halolysin). Unlike previously reported extracellular proteases from haloarchaea, Hly176B remained active in almost salt-free solution for a relatively long time. In addition, Hly176B displayed good tolerance to some metal ions, surfactants and organic solvents, and exerts its highest enzyme activities at 40 °C, pH 8.0 and 0.5 M NaCl. Therefore, this study enriches our knowledge of extracellular proteases, and also expands their applications in various industrial uses.
"Fruits of our past karma": A qualitative study on knowledge about congenital anomalies among women in Pune district, India
Authors: Kar Anita , Dhamdhere Dipali , Medhekar Aishwarya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital anomalies are distressing events when a fetal anomaly is detected during pregnancy, or the infant is born with a disability. Maternal health services in India do not provide information on these disorders as a part of routine activities.
Objective
To understand women’s knowledge on causes, prevention, abortion rights, attitudes towards disability, knowledge on medical care, rehabilitation and welfare services with the goal of identifying contents of birth defects education resources.
Methods
Qualitative descriptive design. Six focus group discussions were conducted with 24 women from Pune district. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify emergent themes.
Results
Three themes emerged. Firstly, knowledge on congenital anomalies was limited. These conditions were discussed generally with other adverse pregnancy experiences, and with reference to children with disabilities. Secondly, pregnancy termination for conditions considered to be untreatable was majorly advocated. Directive counseling for pregnancy termination was common. Thirdly, stigmatizing attitudes were responsible for children with disabilities being considered a burden, for maternal blaming, and for stigma and isolation of families. Knowledge on rehabilitation was limited.
Conclusions for practice
Participants lacked knowledge on these conditions. Three target groups and contents for birth defects education were identified. Women’s resource would include knowledge on preconception and antenatal opportunities for reducing risks, available medical care, and legal rights. Parents resources would provide information on treatment, rehabilitation, legal provisions and rights of disabled children. Resources for general community would include information on these disorders, as well as disability sensitization messages to ensure inclusion of children with congenital disabilities.
Investigation of oncolytic effect of recombinant Newcastle disease virus in primary and metastatic oral melanoma
Authors: Supaporn Numpadit , Ito Chiaki , Nakaya Takaaki , Hagiwara Katsuro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Malignant melanoma is aggressive cancer with a high rate of local invasiveness and metastasis. Currently, the treatment options for patients with advanced-stage and metastatic oral melanoma are limited. A promising treatment option is oncolytic viral therapy. This study aimed to evaluate novel therapies for malignant melanoma using a canine model. Oral melanoma, which frequently occurs in dogs is used as a model for human melanoma, was isolated and cultured and used for the evaluation of the tumor lytic effect induced by viral infection. We constructed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) that promotes the extracellular release of IFNγ from the virus-infected melanoma. The expression of oncolytic and apoptosis-related genes, the immune response by lymphocytes, and IFNγ expression were evaluated in virus-infected melanoma cells. The results showed that the rate of rNDV infection varied according to the isolated melanoma cells and the oncolytic effect differed between melanoma cells owing to the infectivity of the virus. The oncolytic effect tended to be greater for the IFNγ-expressing virus than for the GFP-expressing prototype virus. Additionally, lymphocytes co-cultured with the virus showed induced expression of Th1 cytokines. Therefore, recombinant NDV expressing IFNγ is expected to induce cellular immunity and oncolytic activity. This oncolytic treatment shows promise as a therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment once evaluated using clinical samples from humans.