bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraclass correlation for reliability assessment: the introduction of a cross-validated program in SAS (ICC6)
Authors: S. Senthil Kumar V. , Shahraz Saeid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Reliability refers to how measurements can produce consistent results and are crucial for any scientific research measurement. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) is the most widely used method to determine the reproducibility of measurements of various statistical techniques. Calculated ICC and its confidence interval that reveal the underlying sampling distribution may help detect an experimental method's ability to identify systematic differences between research participants in a test. The purpose of this study was to introduce a new SAS macro, ICC6 for the calculation of different ICC forms and their confidence intervals. A SAS macro that employs the PROC GLM procedure in SAS was created to generate the estimates of two-way random effects (ANOVA). A simulated dataset was used as an input into the macro to calculate the point estimates for different types of ICCs. The upper and lower confidence interval limits for the ICC forms were calculated using the F statistics distribution. The SAS macro provided here produces a complete set of various forms of ICC along with their confidence intervals. A cross-validation using commercial software packages STATA and SPSS produced identical results. A development of SAS methodology using publicly available statistical approaches in estimating six distinct forms of ICC and their confidence intervals has been reported in this article. This work is an extension of available methodology supported by a few other statistical software packages to SAS.
Comparisons of specimens attributed to Tyrannosaurus: One or three species ?
Authors: Thackeray Francis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tyrannosaurus was a massive carnivorous dinosaur which existed for roughly 2 million years in North America prior to its extinction at the end of the Cretaceous Period. It was recently proposed by Gregory Paul and colleagues that fossil specimens historically attributed to the species T. rex represent three species, not one. This conclusion reflects an essential problem in palaeontology of defining species and recognizing species boundaries. In this study we test the T1 hypothesis that specimens attributed to T. imperator, T. regina, and T. rex represent the single species T. rex (recognising that, per the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature the nomen T. rex (1905) has precedence over T. regina and T. imperator). Based on an analysis of skull and postcranial dimensions of three iconic Tyrannosaurus specimens and application of a probabilistic morphometric definition of species as described by Thackeray & Dykes, our results indicate a high probability of conspecificity, thus supporting the T1 hypothesis.
Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis
Authors: Saeed Shamsaldeen Ibrahim , Vivian Liang , Zalati C.W. Salma C.W. , Sani Nani Izreen Mohd , Aklilu Erkihun , Mohamad Maizan , Noor An'Amt Mohamed , Muthoosamy Kasturi , Kamaruzzaman Nor Fadhilah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis. The treatment using conventional antimicrobial has been hampered due to the development of antimicrobial resistance, the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms and localize inside the host cells.
Objectives
Here the efficacy of graphene oxide (GO), a carbon-based nanomaterial was tested against the biofilms and intracellular S. aureus in- vitro. Following that, the mechanism for the intracellular antimicrobial activities and GO toxicities were elucidated.
Methods
GO antibiofilm properties were evaluated based on the disruption of biofilm structure, and the intracellular antimicrobial activities were determined by the survival of S. aureus in infected bovine mammary cells following GO exposure. The mechanism for GO intracellular antimicrobial activities were investigated using endocytosis inhibitors. GO toxicity towards the host cells were assessed using resazurin assay.
Results
At 100 mg/L GO reduced between 30–70% of S. aureus biofilm mass, suggesting GO’s ability to disrupt the biofilm structure. At 200 mg/L GO killed almost 80% of intracellular S. aureus and the antimicrobial activities were inhibited when cells were pre-treated with cytochalasin D, suggesting GO intracellular antimicrobial activities were dependent on the actin-polymerisation of the cell membrane. At < 250 mg/L, GO enhanced the Mac-T cells viability, and cells were only affected at higher dosages.
Conclusion
GO efficacy against S. aureus in vitro suggested the compound could be further tested in- vivo to recognise its potential as one of the components of bovine mastitis therapy.
Perspectives on the Side Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kitwe District of Zambia: A Qualitative Explorative Study
Authors: Mutale Natasha , Mukanga Bright , Daka Victor , Nyirenda Herbert Tato 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally, hormonal contraceptives have proved to be effective in the prevention of unwanted pregnancy. However, despite evidence suggesting the many benefits associated with the use of hormonal contraceptives, concerns related to their safety and side effects have been reported. We conducted a study to explore the perspectives on the side effects of hormonal contraceptives among women of reproductive age in the Kitwe district of Zambia.
Methods
An explorative qualitative study was done among 32 women of reproductive age (18-45years) in the Kitwe district of Zambia. Participants were selected conveniently as they accessed family planning services at a designated reproductive, maternal, and child health facility in Kitwe. Data collection was done through In-depth interviews. Recruitment of participants and data collection continued until saturation point. In-depth interviews were recorded, translated, and transcribed verbatim. Data were imported into NVivo.x64 for coding and node generation after which categories and themes were developed manually.
Results
Overall, participants demonstrated a considerable amount of family planning knowledge, recounting the economic and health benefits as well as demerits of family planning use. The main reasons for discontinuation and switching of hormonal contraceptive methods were the desire to get pregnant and the fear of unpleasant side effects which included excessive bleeding or prolonged menstruation, headache, dizziness, lower abdominal/back pain, and weight gain. Most importantly, participants cited concerns about the delay in the resumption of fertility after the termination of contraception and how the side effects disrupted their daily activities at home.
Conclusion
There is a need for family planning providers to offer family planning services that address the side effects of hormonal contraceptives during counseling and how women can manage them. Family planning services should adopt a patient-centered approach that takes into consideration the concerns regarding side effects and how this affects the quality of life among women. There is a need to extend family planning services to scheduled follow-up, and clinical management of contraceptive side effects among women.
Regime-based Implied Stochastic Volatility Model for Crypto Option Pricing
Authors: Saef Danial , Wang Yuanrong , Aste Tomaso 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The increasing adoption of Digital Assets (DAs), such as Bitcoin (BTC), rises the need for accurate option pricing models. Yet, existing methodologies fail to cope with the volatile nature of the emerging DAs. Many models have been proposed to address the unorthodox market dynamics and frequent disruptions in the microstructure caused by the non-stationarity, and peculiar statistics, in DA markets. However, they are either prone to the curse of dimensionality, as additional complexity is required to employ traditional theories, or they overfit historical patterns that may never repeat. Instead, we leverage recent advances in market regime (MR) clustering with the Implied Stochastic Volatility Model (ISVM). Time-regime clustering is a temporal clustering method, that clusters the historic evolution of a market into different volatility periods accounting for non-stationarity. ISVM can incorporate investor expectations in each of the sentiment-driven periods by using implied volatility (IV) data. In this paper, we applied this integrated time-regime clustering and ISVM method (termed MR-ISVM) to high-frequency data on BTC options at the popular trading platform Deribit. We demonstrate that MR-ISVM contributes to overcome the burden of complex adaption to jumps in higher order characteristics of option pricing models. This allows us to price the market based on the expectations of its participants in an adaptive fashion.
Frequency of congenital heart diseases in newborn: ten years’ single clinic experience
Authors: Sokolov A. A. , Martsinkevich G. I. , Smorgon A. V. 
Published: September 2022

Congenital heart disease occurs in the population with a frequency of 8 per 1000 live births. Information on the incidence of various congenital heart defects in newborns in connection with the widespread introduction of prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and an increase in its accuracy allows for planning pregnancy and management of newborns with critical heart defects. The aim of this study wasto retrospectively study the incidence of various congenital heart defects according to echocardiographic studies among newborns in the framework of the experience of one clinic over the period from 2009 to 2019. In the clinic of the Science Research Institute of Cardiology, echocardiographic studies were performed in 34298 children aged 1 day to 17 years, the average age was 3.68 years, the median 2.0 years. The newborns accounted for 4.6% of them (n = 1607). The results of echocardiographic studies were analyzed in 1607 newborns aged from 1 to 27 days. In 247 (15.3%) of the examined no congenital defects were detected, 1360 newborns had various congenital heart diseases. It was found that the most common anomaly in newborns were interventricular septal defects (37%), more than 60% of all interventricular septal defects were clinically insignificant small muscle defects. It has been shown that the incidence of congenital heart defects in newborns with complex prenatal diagnosis (coarctation of the aorta, double outlet right ventricle) has increased in recent years. A decrease in the incidence of atrioventricular septal defect was observed over the past five years. The possibilities of neonatal cardiac surgery in a particular clinic influenced the structure of the occurrence of individual congenital heart disease due to prenatal pregnancy planning and surgical tactics.
Intestinal microbiome and modern methods of its study in children
Authors: Volynets G. V. , Nikitin A. V. , Skvortsova T. A. 
Published: September 2022

Исследования кишечного микробиома в настоящее время вызывают большой интерес у клиницистов. Это связано с тем, что результаты проведенных исследований показывают тесную взаимосвязь кишечного микробиома с развитием различных заболеваний. В статье представлены современные методы отбора проб для исследований, охарактеризованы мультиомические методы исследования (метагеномика, метапротеомика, метатранскриптомика, метаболомика) и возможности их применения в клинической практике с указанием их преимуществ и недостатков. Описаны наиболее распространенные методы исследования (при этом особое внимание уделено изучению кишечного микробиома), в которых можно получить оптимально объективные результаты и точность вычислительного анализа данных. Эти исследования будут способствовать развитию персонализированной медицины, которая будет применяться в самых различных областях — от точной идентификации патогенных штаммов для целенаправленного лечения до тщательного мониторинга дисбаланса микробных сообществ при заболеваниях и до персонализированного и рационального плана манипуляций с микробиомом.
The Impact of Tissue Selectivity on the Anti-atherosclerotic Activity of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Authors: Roth Bruce D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The utility of inhibitors of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase for lowering plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is now indisputable. Considerable research is now ongoing to determine whether these inhibitors will possess anti-atherosclerotic activity, either indirectly due to their lipid-regulating properties or due to a direct effect on atherosclerotic and/or restenotic lesion formation. Much of this research is based on the premise that the ability of these inhibitors to block lesion formation and/or induce lesion regression will be dependent on their ability to penetrate into tissues, which may be dependent on their physicochemical properties. Despite the results of pre-clinical animal model research suggesting that the differing abilities of lipophilic and hydrophilic inhibitors to penetrate into tissues results in discernable differences in pharmacology, these differences seem to disappear clinically. This review will discuss ongoing research to differentiate inhibitors based on their ability to directly effect arterial lesions and attempt to explain these results in terms of the physicochemical properties of inhibitors.
Antioxidant Protection System and Photosynthetic Pigment Composition in Secale cereale Subjected to Short-Term Temperature Stresses
Authors: Romanenko Kateryna O. , Babenko Lidia M. , Smirnov Oleksandr E. , Kosakivska Iryna V. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Plants are often exposed to short-term temperature stresses (average 2-4 hours) or “temperature drops”. It is in the first hours of stress (alarm phase of response) that metabolic changes occur, which go on to contribute to the formation of the primary stress-induced response.

Materials and Methods:
Winter rye Secale cereale L. ‘Boguslavka’ plants were grown under controlled conditions in a vegetation chamber. Fourteen-day-old plants exposed to short-term heat (+40°C, 2 h) and cold (+4°C, 2 h) were studied. The dynamics and distribution of free amino acids (AAs), total phenols (TPHs), and flavonoids (TFs), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments, were all determined according to the standard procedures.

Results:
Accumulation and distribution of secondary metabolites in the organs of winter rye plants depended on the type of temperature, stress, and the plant organ. In the first phase of alarm in cold-resistant winter rye ‘Boguslavka’ after cold stress increased the accumulation of free AAs (GABA, Pro, Asp, Cys, and Val) and decreased the content of flavonoids and chlorophyll. Both types of stress inhibited the accumulation of TPHs, and this effect was more pronounced under heat stress.

Conclusion:
Quantitative and qualitative changes in the accumulation and distribution of low molecular weight protectors indicated that AAs and TPHs are involved in response to both types of short-term temperature stresses in winter rye ‘Boguslavka’ plants. The ability to accumulate free amino acids (GABA, Pro, Asp, Cys, and Val) in the roots after cold stress is considered one of the prerequisites for cold resistance. The photosynthetic apparatus is susceptible to temperature stressors in the alarm phase of response, as indicated by the significantly decreased photosynthetic pigment.
effect of health education on the level of knowledge and attitude of mothers about COVID-19 prevention at posyandu of mpunda public health center of Bima City
Authors: Rahmad Indra , Julhana Julhana , Dahniarty Dhany , Dramawan Awan , Aniharyati Syaiful Aniharyati , Aniharyati Aniharyati 
Published: September 2022

Background of Study: Transmission of COVID-19 is made through close contact and saliva splashes/droplets, instead of air transmission. Baby is one of the most vulnerable subjects to any kind of disease due to their body's immune is still likely weak or imperfect. Providing insights on the importance of maintaining health and the danger of COVID-19 virus is necessary to conduct through some informal educational platforms to the society. Method: the research method used in the present study was quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test with a control group design. The sampling technique used was random sampling. In this study, a bivariate test was conducted to find out the effect and difference in the level of knowledge and attitude of both the control group and experimental group. The present study, further, used the statistical test of Mann Witney and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.
Use of diesel engine exhaust gas heat for heating passenger cars
Authors: Stoyakin G. М. , Kostin A. V. , Naumenko S. N. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The tasks of increasing energy saving in heating systems for passenger cars of diesel trains are currently relevant. As an alternative source of energy for these systems, the possibility of using the waste heat of the diesel locomotive engine is analysed.Materials and methods. The article provides an analysis of the engine waste heat sources, cooling water and exhaust gases. A schematic diagram of exhaust gas heat exchanger for its use in the heating system of passenger cars has been deve loped. As a possible heat-exchange surface of the waste heat exchanger, plate-ribbed, coiled and tube surfaces with longitudinal boundary layer turbulators are proposed. The required area of this surface for the maximum power of the heating system for a passenger train is determined.Results. The article shows the possibility of using engine exhaust heat in the heating system of a 15-car passenger train without involving third-party energy sources.Discussion and conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate a sufficient potential for increasing the efficiency of using the diesel engine fuel energy when utilising its waste heat for the heating system of passenger cars. The selection of a waste heat exchanger is justified based on a performance of 50 % of the peak load on the heating system at the middle position of the controller.
System analysis of mathematical models of placement of transport and logistics facilities of different levels
Authors: Moskvichev O. V. , Moskvicheva E. E. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The formation of an overarching network of nodal freight multimodal transport and logistics centres in the Russian Federation and organisation of high-speed freight traffic on schedule on its basis requires the development of science-based proposals for the creation or modernisation of the corresponding regional transport and logistics infrastructure. One of the most important tasks in the implementation of this project in the context of limited investment resources is the correct justification of the number and choice of locations for the transport and logistics centres of the overarching network in the Russian Federation, as well as the locations of transport and logistics centres in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. This article provides an evaluation analysis of the classical methods for finding optimal centres on a plane and some construction of mathematical quantitative models for the optimal placement of transport and logistics facilities.Results. According to the evaluation analysis, the authors have drafted a scientifically based concept of a systematic approach to the issues of rational design and placement of elements of transport and logistics infrastructure, in particular, the overarching network of nodal freight multimodal transport and logistics centres, as part of a new highly efficient transport and logistics infrastructure of the Russian Federation and its international transport corridors.Discussion and conclusion. The obtained results of the study can be used for scientifically based decision-making in investment projects related to the development of transport and logistics infrastructure at both regional and federal levels: substantiation of locations and technological capacities of transport and logistics infrastructure facilities; determining the need for the development of objects of the regional transport and logistics infrastructure, while eliminating their bottlenecks; implementation of a phased set of measures to modernise the existing terminal and logistics complex.
The Burden of Disease in Alopecia Areata: Canadian Online Survey of Patients and Caregivers
Authors: Gilding Anthony Justin , Ho Nhung , Pope Elena , Sibbald Cathryn 
Published: September 2022

Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is associated with negative impacts on the quality of life (QoL). Data on this impact are lacking for Canadian patients and their caregivers.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the burden of AA on Canadian patients and their caregivers.

Methods
We created 4 online surveys for patients 5-11 years old, 12-17 years old, and ≥18 years old and for caregivers of children (<18 years old) with AA. These were disseminated through the Canadian Alopecia Areata Foundation (CANAAF) website and to dermatologists across Canada.

Results
In total, 115 adult patients (n=100, 87%, female), 14 pediatric patients (n=13, 92.9%, female), and 15 caregivers completed the surveys online. The majority (n=123, 95%) of patients felt uncomfortable or self-conscious about their appearance. Camouflaging hair loss with hats, scarves, and hairpieces was a common practice for 11 (78.6%) pediatric and 84 (73%) adult patients. Avoidance of social situations was reported by 8 (57.1%) pediatric and 75 (65.2%) adult patients. Constant worry about losing the achieved hair growth was a concern for 8 (57.1%) pediatric and 75 (65.2%) adult patients. On a scale of 1-5, the mean score of caregivers’ own feelings of sadness or depression about their child’s AA was 4.0 (SD 0.9) and of their feelings of guilt or helplessness was 4.2 (SD 1.2). The impact on the QoL was moderate for both children and adults. Based on the Adjustment Disorder New Module-20 (ADNM-20), 71 (61.7%) of 115 patients were at high risk of an adjustment disorder. Abnormal anxiety scores were recorded in 40 (34.8%) patients compared to abnormal depression scores in 20 (17.4%) patients.

Conclusions
This study confirmed a significant burden of AA on Canadian patients’ and caregivers’ QoL.
Construindo poder narrativo para justiça social: entrevista com Shanelle Matthews
Authors: Cotta Diego , Saavedra Renata , Lima Valeria 
Published: September 2022

Falar sobre transformar narrativas se tornou quase um lugar comum no campo da comunicação por direitos. Mas o que isso quer dizer e como pode estar realmente a serviço da justiça social? Para Shanelle Mathews, é imprescindível que movimentos sociais produzam “poder narrativo”, de modo que possam “expandir a percepção coletiva do que é social, econômica e politicamente possível”. A entrevistada é ativista, comunicadora e professora, e se dedica a colaborar com ativistas, organizações e campanhas de justiça social para inspirar ações e construir poder narrativo. É diretora de Comunicação do Movimento por Vidas Negras (Movement for Black Lives - M4BL), fundadora da Radical Communicators Network (Rede de Comunicadores Radicais - RadComms) e professora da The New School, universidade em Nova Iorque. Suas ideias dão pistas para o enfrentamento dos desafios comunicacionais dos movimentos sociais progressistas, rumo à construção de “uma narrativa robusta que sirva de sustentação para um futuro mais libertador".