bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of two leafminer parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae),Neochrysocharis formosaandProacriassp. from Australia, with both showing thelytoky and infection byRickettsia
Authors: Xu Xuefen , Hoffmann Ary A , Umina Paul A , Coquilleau Marianne P , Gill Alex , Ridland Peter M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiriomyza huidobrensis,L. sativaeandL. trifoliiare polyphagous agromyzid leafminers that have recently arrived in Australia, posing a threat to Australian vegetable and ornamental crops. Adventive and endemic hymenopteran parasitoids of agromyzid leafminers already present in Australia should assist in the management of these invasive agromyzid species.Neochrysocharis formosa(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Entedoninae) is an idiobiont endoparasitoid commonly attackingLiriomyzaspp. in many countries, but it has not been formally identified in Australia. This study provides the first confirmed Australian record ofN. formosaas well as an unidentifiedProacriasspecies, another entedonine species. Females of both species were reared from several adventive and endemic agromyzid leafminers in southern Australia. Laboratory cultures of both species established the presence of thelytokous reproduction. DNA barcodes (5′ COI, 3′ COI, ITS1, ITS2, 28S) were used to delineate species boundaries, with the 5′ end of the mitochondrial COI sequences pointing to multiple cryptic lineages amongN. formosa. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that both species were infected with aRickettsiabacterium, which is related to theRickettsiapresent in thelytokous populations ofN. formosain Japan and China. These findings expand records for parasitoids attacking leafminers in Australia and highlight the potential for an endosymbiont to produce thelytokous strains that could provide for more efficient biocontrol agents for augmentative release.
Towards a complete cycle of care: a multidisciplinary pathway to improve outcomes in complex abdominal wall hernia repair
Authors: Kollias Victoria , Reid Jessica , Udayasiri Dilshan , Granger Jeremy , Karatassas Alex , Hensman Indran , Maddern Guy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe burden of complex abdominal wall hernia (CAWH) is increasing, with associated high morbidity and healthcare costs. This study evaluates current evidenoptce regarding multidisciplinary care for CAWH patients to improve patient outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify proposed or established multidisciplinary team (MDT) pathways, necessary MDT constituents, and to evaluate patient outcomes. The pre‐optimization pathways were then compared with a recent Delphi consensus statement.ResultsSeven articles matched the relevant search criteria. Three were concept articles, without prospective data analysis. Four were case series that applied multidisciplinary care and included limited data analyses with outcomes reported up to 50 months. The consensus was that CAWH MDT requires multiple clinical specialties, including hernia, upper gastrointestinal, colorectal and/or plastic and reconstructive surgeons, along with allied health specialists, radiologists, anaesthetists/pain specialists and infectious diseases consultants. A successful MDT should aim to achieve pre‐optimization and plan the definitive repair. These pre‐optimization pathways were similar to the recent Delphi consensus by international hernia experts.Using these data, we propose a CAWH multidisciplinary pathway model in an Australian tertiary hospital involving a stepwise approach with well‐defined referral criteria, perioperative high‐risk management with pre‐optimization, surgical planning, postoperative care and follow‐up protocols. This pathway incorporates prospective data collection in a Clinical Quality Registry (CQR) to validate its appropriateness.ConclusionsCAWH MDT can provide comprehensive, patient‐centred care with improved postoperative outcomes. CQR are important to better evaluate long‐term outcomes and ensure rigorous quality control.
The impact of perceived emotions on toddlers' word learning
Authors: Ma Lizhi , Twomey Katherine , Westermann Gert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOthers' emotional expressions affect individuals' attention allocation in social interactions, which are integral to the process of word learning. However, the impact of perceived emotions on word learning is not well understood. Two eye‐tracking experiments investigated 78 British toddlers' (37 girls) of 29‐ to 31‐month‐old retention of novel label‐object and emotion‐object associations after hearing labels presented in neutral, positive, and negative affect in a referent selection task. Overall, toddlers learned novel label‐object associations regardless of the affect associated with objects but showed an attentional bias toward negative objects especially when emotional cues were presented (d = 0.95), suggesting that identifying the referent to a label is a competitive process between retrieval of the learned label‐object association and the emotional valence of distractors.
Female infertility in the era of obesity: The clash of two pandemics or inevitable consequence?
Authors: Medenica Sanja , Spoltore Maria Elena , Ormazabal Paulina , Marina Ljiljana V. , Sojat Antoan Stefan , Faggiano Antongiulio , Gnessi Lucio , Mazzilli Rossella , Watanabe Mikiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObesity is an epidemic that has led to a rise in the incidence of many comorbidities: among others, reduced fertility is often under‐evaluated in clinical practice. The mechanisms underlying the link between reduced fertility and obesity are numerous, with insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and the frequent coexistence of polycystic ovary syndrome being the most acknowledged. However, several other factors concur, such as gut microbiome alterations, low‐grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Not only do women with obesity take longer to conceive, but in vitro fertilization (IVF) is also less likely to succeed. We herein provide an updated state‐of‐the‐art regarding the molecular bases of what we could define as dysmetabolic infertility, focusing on the clinical aspects, as well as possible treatment.
Efficacy of conventional‐dose cytarabine, idarubicin and thioguanine versus intermediate‐dose cytarabine and idarubicin in the induction treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: Long‐term results of the prospective randomized nationwide AML‐2003 study by the Finnish Leukemia Group
Authors: Kolonen Aarne , Sinisalo Marjatta , Huhtala Heini , Rimpiläinen Johanna , Rintala Hannele , Sankelo Marja , Koivunen Elli , Silvennoinen Raija , Räty Riikka , Ruutu Tapani , Volin Liisa , Porkka Kimmo , Jantunen Esa , Nousiainen Tapio , Kuittinen Taru , Penttilä Karri , Pyörälä Marja , Säily Marjaana , Koistinen Pirjo , Kauppila Marjut , Itälä‐Remes Maija , Ollikainen Hanna , Rauhala Auvo , Kairisto Veli , Pelliniemi Tarja‐Terttu , Elonen Erkki ,   for the Finnish Leukemia Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesAML‐2003 study sought to compare the long‐term efficacy and safety of IAT and IdAraC‐Ida in induction chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and introduce the results of an integrated genetic and clinical risk classification guided treatment strategy.MethodsPatients were randomized to receive either IAT or IdAraC‐Ida as the first induction treatment. Intensified postremission strategies were employed based on measurable residual disease (MRD) and risk classification. Structured questionnaire forms were used to gather data prospectively.ResultsA total of 356 AML patients with a median age of 53 years participated in the study. Long‐term overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were both 49% at 10 years. The median follow‐up was 114 months. No significant difference in remission rate, OS or RFS was observed between the two induction treatments. Risk classification according to the protocol, MRD after the first and the last consolidation treatment affected the OS and RFS significantly (p < .001).ConclusionsIntensified cytarabine dose in the first induction treatment was not better than IAT in patients with AML. Intensification of postremission treatment in patients with clinical risk factors or MRD seems reasonable, but randomized controlled studies are warranted in the future.
A rule‐based account of the regulative use of reason in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason
Authors: Spagnesi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a novel reading of the critical legitimacy of the regulative use of reason in the Transcendental Dialectic of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. After introducing some key terminology of the Dialectic, I analyse the shortcomings of two influential accounts of the regulative use of reason and identify their common problem in their commitment to the descriptivity of the ideas of reason. I then offer my rule‐based account of the regulative use of reason by clarifying how Kant transforms reason's metaphysical inclinations into prescriptive rules of bottom‐up empirical research. Finally, I explain why such interpretation of reason is metaphysically innocent and thereby a promising approach to understand its role in Kant's scientific project.
Classification of brain tumours in MRI images using convolutional neural network through Cat Swarm Optimization
Authors: V. K. Deepak , R Sarath 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn humans, a brain abnormality is a serious illness. Cancer which is the greatest cause of mortality can develop from the tumour. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is among a more extensively utilized medical imaging modalities in brain tumours, then it has become the primary diagnosing mechanism for the treatment and evaluation of brain tumours. Computer‐assisted diagnosis has become a requirement due to the exponential expansion in the quantity of MRIs acquired because of these programmes. Computer‐assisted diagnosis strategies created to increase detection without many systematized readings failed to produce significant improvements in performance measurements. In this regard, the usage of deep learning‐based automatic image processing algorithms appears to be a viable route for identifying brain cancer. In this research, introduce a Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) algorithm based upon a convolutional neural network (CNN) model utilized to segmentation in a classification of brain tumour. Results of experiments on MRI images using the BRATS dataset show that the CSO algorithm‐CNN model achieved high‐performance in term of 98% of accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity and F‐score in the proposed classification task when compared to other classification approaches like support vector machines (SVM) as well as back propagation neural networks (BPNN).
Environmental drivers of fish population dynamics in an estuarine ecosystem of south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Jenkins Gregory P. , Coleman Rhys A. , Barrow Joshua S. , Morrongiello John R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEstuaries are dynamic environments and often support rich biodiversity and important fisheries. Linking environmental drivers or events to observed biological changes in these systems provides critical information that can facilitate their management. Historical fish and fisheries data for Western Port, a large embayment in south‐east Australia that supports rich biodiversity, were collated, including catch records, recruitment indices and two novel growth time series. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA) identified three common patterns associated with the biological time‐series data, which in turn were related to both local and regional environmental drivers. On a local scale, nitrogen loads and chlorophyll a concentration affected fish metrics, potentially through the food web and via changes to critical seagrass habitat. On a regional scale, offshore sea surface temperature in Bass Strait was important. Step changes (change points) in the three common patterns were predominantly associated with significant El Niño and La Niña events and, to a lesser extent, recruitment pulses and the cessation of commercial netting.
Elevational diversity patterns of rodents differ between wet and arid mountains
Authors: Kohli Brooks A. , Miyajima Reymond J. , Jarzyna Marta A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimPatterns of species richness along elevation gradients vary with geographic and environmental factors but evidence for similar variation in functional and phylogenetic diversity remains scarce. Here, we provide the most comprehensive evaluation to date of elevational gradients in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of rodents – one of the most ecologically diverse groups of mammals – and test the effects of latitude and aridity on their variation for the first time.LocationForty‐nine mountains on five continents.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedRodents (Rodentia).MethodsWe compiled elevational distributions of 374 rodent species across 49 elevational gradients. For each gradient, we quantified – in 100‐m elevational bins – rodent species richness and functional and phylogenetic richness, evenness, and dispersion, and their species richness‐corrected equivalents. To assess how rodent diversity varies with elevation, we fitted a series of models that included elevation, average latitude, and aridity of each mountain system while accounting for variation in study design and sampling effort.ResultsA common mid‐elevational peak in species richness among mountains contrasts with functional and phylogenetic diversity pattern variation (model shape and slope) explained by the aridity at a mountain's base. Specifically, we find that functional and phylogenetic richness and dispersion decline with elevation in wet mountain systems but increase with elevation in arid mountains.Main conclusionsIn this first comparative analysis of mammal functional and phylogenetic elevational gradients, we find that the decoupling of each from species richness is particularly pronounced in arid regions. Wet‐mountain lowlands and arid‐mountain highlands harbour the most functionally and phylogenetically diverse rodent communities, indicating that water availability is a strong environmental filter in structuring diversity of small mammals on mountain gradients. High regularity of species distances within assemblages supports a constant role for competition across all elevations and niche expansion in elevations with greater species richness.
Clinical implication of immune checkpoint inhibitor on the chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Hagiwara Satoru , Nishida Naoshi , Ida Hiroshi , Ueshima Kazuomi , Minami Yasunori , Takita Masahiro , Aoki Tomoko , Morita Masahiro , Chishina Hirokazu , Komeda Yoriaki , Yoshida Akihiro , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is an important issue that has not yet been fully investigated. ICI is also expected to have an antiviral effect on HBV due to its immune tolerance inhibitory effect. We herein investigated the risk of HBV reactivation and the antiviral effect of ICI administration.MethodsThis study included 892 patients on ICIs between September 2014 and May 2021 at our hospital. The frequency of HBV reactivation and antiviral effects were investigated.ResultsAmong the 892 patients who underwent ICI, 27 were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive. HBV reactivation was evaluated in 24 cases, among which 4.1% (1/24) had HBV reactivation. Nucleic acid analog prophylaxis was not administered to patients with reactivation. In a study of 15 cases, the amount of HBsAg decreased from baseline; 2.18 ± 0.77 log to 48 weeks later; 1.61 ± 1.38 log (p = 0.17). Forty‐eight weeks after the start of ICI, disappearance of HBsAg was observed in two out of 15 cases (13.3%), and one case each with and without nucleic acid analog.ConclusionIn rare cases, HBsAg‐positive patients may be reactivated by ICI administration. On the other hand, when ICI is administered, it is expected to have an antiviral effect on HBV due to its immune tolerance inhibitory effect, and future drug development is expected.
Effects of germination time on phenolics, antioxidant capacity, in vitro phenolic bioaccessibility and starch digestibility in sorghum
Authors: Li Ren , Wang Qi , Zhao Guoliang , Peng Hui , Zhang Dongjie , Li Zhijiang 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe effects of germination time on phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, antioxidant capacities, inhibition capacity of α‐amylase, bioaccessibility of phenolic and digestibility of starch in sorghum were evaluated in this study. The levels of total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin in germinated sorghum for 48 h increased by 39.74%, 37.28% and 52.21%, respectively. Germination also increased the composition of phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin in sorghum, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory rates of α‐amylase. Additionally, in vitro digestion results showed that phenolic bioaccessibility increased by 10.18%, and digestibility of starch and expected glycaemic index (eGI) decreased by 13.87% and 5.26 in germinated sorghum for 48 h compared with the ungerminated sorghum. These results indicate that germination might be a green method to improve the nutritional quality of sorghum and promote the development of germinated whole‐grain food.
Analysis of risk factors for impaired wound healing after kidney transplantation
Authors: Lu Huihui , Zheng Pei , Chen Ruo‐Yang , Chen Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo analyse risk factors for impaired wound healing after kidney transplantation to guide clinical decision‐making. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who received kidney transplantation from January 1, 2019, to May 1, 2021, at Kidney Transplantation Center in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. A case‐control study was used to identify a cohort of patients with similar baseline characteristics according to 1:4 ratio. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether there was impaired wound healing after surgery. The basic data and clinical examinations between the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for impaired wound healing after kidney transplantation were analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses. According to the data type, independent samples t‐test or Chi‐squared test was used for comparison between groups. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse different risk factors and calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each factor. A total of 18 patients showed impaired wound healing after kidney transplantation. And we conducted 72 statically matched controls. Age, diabetes, transplant types, body mass index (BMI), albumin, haemoglobin, and wound infection were statistically different between the two groups. The factors with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that BMI > 25, fasting blood glucose level, albumin level, and prealbumin level were independent risk factors for impaired wound healing after kidney transplantation. Risk factors for impaired wound healing after kidney transplantation can be detected after surgery. Strengthening postoperative monitoring and early intervention of recipients with such factors may effectively prevent impaired wound healing after kidney transplantation.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with a quadripolar active fixation left ventricular lead: An Italian multicenter experience
Authors: De Regibus Valentina , Biffi Mauro , Infusino Tommaso , Savastano Simone , Landolina Maurizio , Palmisano Pietro , Foti Rosario , Facchin Domenico , Dello Russo Antonio , Urraro Francesco , Ziacchi Matteo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionLeft ventricular (LV) lead optimal positioning is one of the most important determinants of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) success. LV quadripolar active fixation (QAF) leads have been designed to ensure stable LV pacing in the target area and reduce the likelihood of phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS). The aim of this analysis is to compare performances, safety, and clinical outcomes of QAF with those of quadripolar passive fixation leads (QPL) and bipolar active fixation (BAF) leads in a real‐world cohort of CRT patients.Methods and ResultsThis retrospective analysis compared the procedure and follow‐up data of 117 QAF included in the One Hospital ClinicalService project from nine Italian hospitals with two historical cohorts of 261 BAF and 124 QPL. QAF enabled basal pacing more frequently than QPL (24.1% vs. 6.5%, p < .001) but not differently from BAF (p = .981). At implant, mean QAF LV myocardial threshold (LVMT) was 1.21 ± 0.8 V at 0.4 ms, not different from that of BAF (p = .346) and QPL (p = .333). At a median follow‐up of 22 months, LVMT was 1.37 ± 0.90 V (p = .036 vs. implant). Acute LV lead dislodgment occurrence was low in all cohorts: 1 (0.9%) in QAF, 4 in BAF (1.5%), and none (0.0%) in QPL. During follow‐up, total LV‐related complication rate was lower in QAF (0.5/100 patient‐years) than in BAF (4.2/100 patient‐years, p = .014) and QPL (3.6/100 patient‐years, p = .055). QAF, BAF, and QPL annual rate of heart failure hospitalization were respectively 6.1/100 patient‐years, 2.5/100 patient‐years (p = .081), and 3.6/100 patient‐years (p = .346). CRT responders' rate in QAF was 69.9%, with no difference in comparison to BAF (p = .998) and QPL (p = .509). During follow‐up, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of QAF increased from 31.8 ± 10.1% to 40.3 ± 10.7% (p < .001). The average degree of echocardiographic response (ΔLVEF) did not differ between QAF and other cohorts; however, LVEF CRT responder's distribution of QAF differs from those of BAF (p = .003) and QPL (p = .022), due to a higher percentage of super‐responders.ConclusionsQAF with short interelectrode spacing resulted in non‐inferior clinical outcomes and CRT responders' rate in comparison to BAF and QPL, while reducing complication rate during follow‐up and increasing the possibilities of electronic repositioning to manage PNS or to optimize resynchronization therapy.
Implementation of supervised physical training to reduce vasovagal syncope recurrence: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aghajani Faezeh , Tavolinejad Hamed , Sadeghian Saeed , Bozorgi Ali , Jalali Arash , Vasheghani‐Farahani Ali , Yadangi Somayeh , Niazi Sepideh , Poopak Amirhossein , Tajdini Masih 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPhysical techniques used for the prevention of vasovagal syncope have limited evidence for efficacy. We aimed to evaluate multimodal supervised physical training as a treatment approach.MethodsIn this 1:1 randomized trial, patients with ≥2 episodes of clinically diagnosed vasovagal syncope were included. On top of standard care, the intervention arm performed supervised tilt training and aerobic exercise in six sessions at a cardiac rehabilitation center (three sessions during the first month, and then at 3‐month intervals), plus home tilt training. The control arm received standard care with a similar protocol of home tilt training. The primary outcome was time to first syncopal recurrence during 1 year of follow‐up.ResultsFifty participants were randomized (mean age: 34.5 ± 14.8 years; 64% female). The rate of syncopal recurrence was 28% and 64% within the intervention and control arms, respectively, with significantly higher syncope‐free survival at 1 year in the intervention arm (Log‐rank p = .003). The frequency of recurrent syncopal events was significantly lower with physical training (p = .017). Participants in the intervention arm reported significantly higher adherence to the home tilt training program (80% vs. 52%; p = .037).ConclusionAmong patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope, a supervised program of tilt training and aerobic exercise reduced syncopal recurrence. Future trials are warranted to further investigate multimodal supervised physical techniques as a therapeutic approach in treating vasovagal syncope.