bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon estimation along an altitudinal gradient of chir pine forests in the Garhwal Himalaya, India: A field inventory to remote sensing approach
Authors: Kumar Munesh , Kumar Amit , Thakur Tarun Kumar , Sahoo Uttam Kumar , Kumar Rahul , Konsam Bobbymoore , Pandey Rajiv 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChir pine (Pinus roxburghii, Sarg.) forests are dominant in the Indian Himalayan region and act as a huge carbon (C) sink. However, measuring the C sink in soil is complex and time‐intensive, and therefore the present study attempts to estimate the soil organic carbon (SOC) through a remote sensing (RS) approach. We estimated SOC stock of chir pine forests along an altitudinal gradient at three soil depths (0–30, 30–60 and 60–100 cm) in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Fourteen forest stands at four altitudes, viz., <1000 m above sea level (m asl), 1001–1400 m asl, 1401–1800 m asl and >1801 m asl were surveyed and served for data collection. A model for predicting SOC was developed through stepwise regression analysis based on vegetation information and altitude as independent variables with the field data on SOC. For vegetation information, we used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured through remote sensing (RS). The mean SOC stock up to 100 cm depth was increased with increasing altitude and were in the order of 69.66 ± 19.86, 85.27 ± 17.53, 95.68 ± 7.90 and 148.41 ± 71.39 million g ha−1 (million gram per hectare) for <1000, 1001–1400, 1401–1800 and >1801 m_asl, respectively. The result showed that NDVI was a good predictor for SOC estimation. The model predicted SOC stock between 57 and 152 million g ha−1 with a mean of 93 million g ha−1, which was close to the SOCs from field inventory. Therefore, RS could be used to precisely map the SOC stock in the chir pine forests of the Himalayas through NDVI and provide information to policymakers for forest management.
Metasurface Holography Reaching the Highest Efficiency Limit in the Visible via One‐Step Nanoparticle‐Embedded‐Resin Printing
Authors: Kim Joohoon , Oh Dong Kyo , Kim Hongyoon , Yoon Gwanho , Jung Chunghwan , Kim Jaekyung , Badloe Trevon , Kang Hyunjung , Kim Seokwoo , Yang Younghwan , Lee Jihae , Ko Byoungsu , Ok Jong G. , Rho Junsuk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetasurface holography, the reconstruction of holographic images by modulating the spatial amplitude and phase of light using metasurfaces, has emerged as a next‐generation display technology. However, conventional fabrication techniques used to realize metaholograms are limited by their small patterning areas, high manufacturing costs, and low throughput, which hinder their practical use. Herein, a high efficiency hologram using a one‐step nanomanufacturing method with a titanium dioxide nanoparticle‐embedded‐resin, allowing for high‐throughput and low‐cost fabrication is demonstrated. At a single wavelength, a record high theoretical efficiency of 96.9% is demonstrated with an experimentally measured conversion efficiency of 90.6% and zero‐order diffraction of 7.3% producing an ultrahigh‐efficiency, twin‐image free hologram that can even be directly observed under ambient light conditions. Moreover, a broadband meta‐atom with an average efficiency of 76.0% is designed, and a metahologram with an average efficiency of 62.4% at visible wavelengths from 450 to 650 nm is experimentally demonstrated.
Reinforcement Effects of Inorganic Nanoparticles for PAM‐g‐carboxymethyl Xylan Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Chang Minmin , Zhang Hui , Ren Junli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA variety of 0D nanoparticles (MgO, ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, and TiO2) as nanofiller materials are introduced into polyacrylamide‐g‐carboxymethyl xylan (PAM‐g‐CMX) composite hydrogel. The effects of different shapes and different sizes of nanoparticles on the properties of hydrogels are investigated. The properties of nanocomposite hydrogels are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological analysis, swelling analysis, and mechanical test. Composite hydrogels with nanoparticles exhibit uniform pore structure and smaller pore size in SEM images, resulting in a reduced equilibrium swelling ratio. In addition, the results show that the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nanoparticles forms hydrogen bonds with the amino groups and carboxyl groups in the PAM‐g‐CMX cross‐linked network which improve the mechanical strength of nanocomposite hydrogels. The hydrogel with 20 nm MgO has the maximum compressive strength (550.9 kPa), tensile strength (28.6 kPa), and the longest elongation (813%) owing to the spherical shape and small size of MnO (20 nm). The hydrogels with nanoparticles maintain the originated 90% strength after 30 cycles of compressive test. The hydrogels with nanoparticles will offer new insights for xylan application.
Squaric Ester‐Based Nanogels Induce No Distinct Protein Corona but Entrap Plasma Proteins into their Porous Hydrogel Network
Authors: Huppertsberg Anne , Leps Christian , Alberg Irina , Rosenauer Christine , Morsbach Svenja , Landfester Katharina , Tenzer Stefan , Zentel Rudolf , Nuhn Lutz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter intravenous administration of nanocarriers, plasma proteins may rapidly adsorb onto their surfaces. This process hampers the prediction of the nanocarriers’ pharmacokinetics as it determines their physiological identity in a complex biological environment. Toward clinical translation it is therefore an essential prerequisite to investigate the nanocarriers’ interaction with plasma proteins. Here, this work evaluates a highly “PEGylated” squaric ester‐based nanogel with inherent prolonged blood circulation properties. After incubation with human blood plasma, the nanogels are isolated by asymmetrical flow‐field flow fractionation. Multiangle light scattering measurements confirm the absence of significant size increases as well as aggregation upon plasma incubation. However, proteomic analyses by gel electrophoresis find minor absolute amounts of proteins (3 wt%), whereas label‐free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry identify 65 enriched proteins. Interestingly, the relative abundance of these proteins is almost similar to their proportion in pure native plasma. Due to the nanogels’ hydrated and porous network morphology, it is concluded that the detected proteins rather result from passive diffusion into the nanogel network than from specific interactions at the plasma particle interface. Consequently, these results do not indicate a classical surface protein corona but rather reflect the highly outer and inner stealth‐like behavior of the porous hydrogel network.
Safety and outcomes of eculizumab for acetylcholine receptor‐positive generalized myasthenia gravis in clinical practice
Authors: Suh Joome , Clarke Virginia , Amato Anthony A. , Guidon Amanda C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsSafety and outcomes data on eculizumab for generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in clinical practice remain limited. Outcomes and concomitant medication use may differ in practice compared with clinical trials. We analyzed the clinical and safety outcomes of patients who received eculizumab at our institutions.MethodsPatients with acetylcholine receptor antibody positive (AChR+) gMG, who received ≥1 dose of eculizumab and had ≥1 follow‐up before December 10, 2021, were identified. Data were abstracted by chart review. Outcomes included MG Foundation of America Post Intervention Status (MGFA‐PIS), Clinical Classification (MGFA‐CC), MG‐Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL), concurrent immunomodulatory therapy use, and adverse events.ResultsTwelve patients were included. Mean age at eculizumab initiation was 57.4 y (range, 21–77). Eight had refractory MG. Four had history of thymoma and thymectomy. A mean of 3.2 (range, 2–5) immunomodulatory therapies were previously tried. Mean follow‐up duration was 18 mo (range, 2–21.6). Clinical improvement occurred rapidly; MGFA‐PIS was improved in 80%, and MGFA‐CC improved in 83% at 1 mo. Mean MG‐ADL decreased from 8.7 to 2.8 at 1 mo, and remained .5 over 1.5 y. Mean daily prednisone dose decreased from 22.5 mg to 7.2 mg at 1.5 y. Five of 7 patients discontinued maintenance IVIG or PLEX. No patients had meningococcal infections and adverse events were mild.DiscussionClinical improvement occurred in most patients after eculizumab initiation, beginning as quickly as 1 mo. Steroids were tapered and maintenance IVIG and PLEX were discontinued in most. Eculizumab had a favorable safety profile even when combined with other immunosuppressants.
Effective time step analysis for the Allen–Cahn equation with a high‐order polynomial free energy
Authors: Lee Seunggyu , Yoon Sungha , Lee Chaeyoung , Kim Sangkwon , Kim Hyundong , Yang Junxiang , Kwak Soobin , Hwang Youngjin , Kim Junseok 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn effective time step analysis to the linear convex splitting scheme for the Allen–Cahn equation with a high‐order polynomial free energy is presented in this article. Although the convex splitting scheme is unconditionally stable, using a large time step causes a time step rescaling effect, leading to delayed dynamics of the governing equation. We verify this problem by comparing it with a reformulated semi‐implicit scheme using the effective time step. Theoretical results show that the discrete energy stability and maximum‐principle hold, and the numerical results demonstrate that the time step rescaling issue can be resolved using the effective time step. We confirm that slow dynamics due to high‐order potential is alleviated by the time step modification through the results of motion by mean curvature.
Multi‐institutional analysis of central nervous system germ cell tumors in patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Harris Micah K. , Graham Richard T. , Cappellano Andréa M. , Margol Ashley S. , Michaiel George , Crawford John R. , Ioakeim‐Ioannidou Myrsini , Stanek Joseph R. , Liu Kevin X. , MacDonald Shannon M. , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposePrimary germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm in patients with Down syndrome (DS). However, a standard of care has not been established due to paucity of data.MethodsA retrospective multi‐institutional analysis was conducted, in addition to a comprehensive review of the literature.ResultsTen patients from six institutions (five USA, one Brazil) were identified, in addition to 31 patients in the literature from 1975 to 2021. Of the 41 total patients (mean age 9.9 years; 61% male), 16 (39%) had non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), 16 (39%) had pure germinomas, and eight (19.5%) had teratomas. Basal ganglia was the most common tumor location (n = 13; 31.7%), followed by posterior fossa (n = 7; 17%). Nine patients (22%) experienced disease relapse or progression, of which four died from tumor progression (one germinoma, three teratomas). Sixteen patients (39%) experienced treatment‐related complications, of which eight (50%) died (five germinomas, three NGGCTs). Of the germinoma patients, two died from chemotherapy‐related sepsis, one from postsurgery cardiopulmonary failure, one from pneumonia, and one from moyamoya following radiation therapy (RT). Of the NGGCT patients, one died from chemotherapy‐related sepsis, one from postsurgical infection, and one from pneumonia following surgery/chemotherapy/RT. Three‐year overall survival was 66% for all histological types: 62% germinomas, 79% for NGGCTs, and 53% for teratomas.ConclusionPatients with DS treated for CNS GCTs are at an increased risk of treatment‐related adverse events. A different therapeutic approach may need to be considered to mitigate treatment‐related complications and long‐term neurocognitive sequelae.
Relationship of executive functioning and memory to autism symptomology and adaptive functioning: Implications for reducing future underemployment
Authors: Hernández Finch Maria E. , Trammell Beth , Hulse Asia R. , Finch William H. , Wildrick Aimee , Floyd Elizabeth F. , Pittenger Jenna , McIntosh David E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between executive functioning and its connection to working memory and adaptive functioning can inform planning and employment efforts. This study explored the relationship between memory and adaptive functioning with a sample of Autistic youths/young adults. Participant mean age was 21.3 (SD = 3.0). Of the 22 participants, 17 were male, and 19 white, non‐Hispanic/Latina/o/x. All but one lived with their parent(s). Participants were administered a full battery assessing cognitive ability (WAIS‐IV), memory and executive functioning (WMS‐IV and DKEFS), autism symptomatology (ADOS‐II), and adaptive functioning (SIB‐R). A multivariate lasso regression model was used. Memory, especially as measured on the WMS‐IV, was found to be significantly related to adaptive functioning and autism symptomatology. There appears to be continuing evidence that memory is highly related to adaptive functioning and autism symptomatology. Interventions involving auditory and immediate memory could be helpful in promoting more mutually effective social interactions necessary for positive employment outcomes.
Release of ‘FL4XR16’ tetraploid annual ryegrass
Authors: Kenworthy Kevin E. , Reith Paul , Quesenberry Ken , Rios Esteban Fernando , Blount Ann R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract‘FL4XR16’ (Reg. no. CV‐289, PI 699961) tetraploid forage‐type annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a synthetic cultivar selected for mid‐late maturity, high dry matter (DM) yield, and resistance to gray leaf spot (GLS). In spring 2016, a nursery of ‘FL Red’ experienced a high incidence of GLS, and 50 highly disease resistant individual plants were replanted and intercrossed. Seed from this intercross was used to establish a half‐sib nursery in fall 2016. The nursery was subsequently rogued for uniform maturity, and the remaining plants were allowed to intercross to produce the base population FL4XR16 in spring 2017. The base population went through one additional cycle of selection for uniformity. Seed harvested from this final selection cycle or a later isolated increase of this population was used to establish DM yield experiments at Citra, FL, and Tifton, GA, in 2018–2019; at Hague, FL, and Tifton in 2019–2020; and at Hague in 2020–2021 for a total of five location‐years. FL4XR16 was not significantly different in DM yield from the top entry in a given test in four of these five experiments. Maturity ratings at Gainesville, FL, show that FL4XR16 was mid‐late in maturity. The locations of evaluation for this cultivar have primarily been in the Coastal Plains region of the United States, but considering its pedigree, it is expected to perform well across the southern U.S. annual ryegrass growing region. Production and marketing rights for FL4XR16 have been granted to Smith Seed Services, Halsey, OR.
Recent advances in isobaric labeling and applications in quantitative proteomics
Authors: Sivanich Michael K. , Gu Ting‐Jia , Tabang Dylan Nicholas , Li Lingjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) has emerged at the forefront of quantitative proteomic techniques. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) can be used to determine abundances of proteins and peptides in complex biological samples. Several methods have been developed and adapted for accurate quantification based on chemical isotopic labeling. Among various chemical isotopic labeling techniques, isobaric tagging approaches rely on the analysis of peptides from MS2‐based quantification rather than MS1‐based quantification. In this review, we will provide an overview of several isobaric tags along with some recent developments including complementary ion tags, improvements in sensitive quantitation of analytes with lower abundance, strategies to increase multiplexing capabilities, and targeted analysis strategies. We will also discuss limitations of isobaric tags and approaches to alleviate these restrictions through bioinformatic tools and data acquisition methods. This review will highlight several applications of isobaric tags, including biomarker discovery and validation, thermal proteome profiling, cross‐linking for structural investigations, single‐cell analysis, top‐down proteomics, along with applications to different molecules including neuropeptides, glycans, metabolites, and lipids, while providing considerations and evaluations to each application.
Overexpression of glutamate‐gated chloride channel in the integument is mainly responsible for emamectin benzoate resistance in the western flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalis
Authors: Gao Yue , Yoon Kyungjae Andrew , Lee Jong Hyeok , Kim Ju Hyeon , Lee Si Hyeock 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWestern flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalisis a serious polyphagous pest worldwide. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of resistance including enhanced metabolism and target site insensitivity in an emamectin benzoate (EB)‐resistant (EB‐R) strain.RESULTSThe EB‐R strain ofF. occidentalisshowed 356‐fold increased resistance compared to a susceptible RDA strain. Analysis of cross‐resistance to four other insecticides confirmed that EB resistance is highly specific to the contact toxicity of EB. Synergistic bioassay and quantitative PCR of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) genes revealed that three overexpressedCyps were likely involved in resistance. Among three putative glutamate‐gated chloride channel (GluCl) genes identified,FoGluClcshowed four radical amino acid substitutions and 3.8‐fold and 31‐fold transcription level in the head and integument in the EB‐R strain when compared to the RDA strain. Backcrossing analysis and RNA interference confirmed that both amino acid substitution and overexpression ofFoGluClcare responsible for EB resistance.In situhybridization revealed that FoGluClc is mainly distributed in the integument in the EB‐R strain. Cross‐comparison of known genomes and transcriptomes of thrips species revealed thatFoGluClcis unique to theFrankliniellagenus.CONCLUSIONWhile mutations and overexpression of FoGluClc play major roles in EB resistance, the overexpressedCyps are partially involved as metabolic factors. Higher expression of FoGluClc in the integument may suggest its role in the first‐line defense against EB in the EB‐R strain. Unique distribution of FoGluClc in theFrankliniellagenus but not in other thrips species further suggests that FoGluClc may be a surplus channel not having an essential endogenous function and is thus recruited as a defense barrier against xenobiotics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reliability evaluation of phased mission system under multiple correlated failure modes
Authors: Du Xuejiao , Zhou Caihong , Gai Jingbo , Yan Ke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany large complex equipment, such as spacecraft and satellite, are typical Phased Mission Systems (PMSs). Due to sophisticated structure and complex missions, the components and systems of PMS have multiple failure modes which are correlated. On the one hand, taking multiple correlated failure modes in to consideration can describe the multistate characteristics of the system more accurately and decouple the correlation between different phases of the system more clearly. On the other hand, its complexity makes the reliability evaluation of PMS more difficult. To solve this problem, this paper discusses the modeling method of multiple failure modes and their correlation, proposes an improved combination method of Multiple Failure Mode Tree (MFMT) and Multistate and Multivalued Decision Diagram (MMDD) model, and realizes the reliability evaluation of PMS in cross‐level (failure mode‐component‐system) and cross‐scale (single phase‐multiple phases). Finally, the proposed method is applied to evaluate the reliability of the satellite attitude orbit control system (AOCS) in order to verify its feasibility.
Experimental Quantum Embedding for Machine Learning
Authors: Gianani Ilaria , Mastroserio Ivana , Buffoni Lorenzo , Bruno Natalia , Donati Ludovica , Cimini Valeria , Barbieri Marco , Cataliotti Francesco S. , Caruso Filippo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe classification of big data usually requires a mapping onto new data clusters which can then be processed by machine learning algorithms by means of more efficient and feasible linear separators. Recently, Lloyd et al. have advanced the proposal to embed classical data into quantum ones: these live in the more complex Hilbert space where they can get split into linearly separable clusters. Here, these ideas are implemented by engineering two different experimental platforms, based on quantum optics and ultra‐cold atoms, respectively, where we adapt and numerically optimize the quantum embedding protocol by deep learning methods, and test it for some trial classical data. A similar analysis is also performed on the Rigetti superconducting quantum computer. Therefore, it is found that the quantum embedding approach successfully works also at the experimental level and, in particular, we show how different platforms could work in a complementary fashion to achieve this task. These studies might pave the way for future investigations on quantum machine learning techniques especially based on hybrid quantum technologies.
Event‐triggered finite‐time quantized stabilization of discrete singular jump systems
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Li Ying , Yan Jingjing , Liu Caixia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article concerns the singular finite‐time bounded admissible problem of discrete‐time singular Markov jump network systems (SJNSs) with event‐triggered (ET) mechanism and quantizations. According to ET communication strategy and quantized control mechanism, an SJNS model is initially derived. Then, sufficient criteria are established to ensure that the SJNS is singular finite‐time bounded admissible. Furthermore, ET finite‐time quantized controllers and ET matrix gains are co‐designed for the SJNS model based on variable decoupling method, and the feasibility of proposed approach can be converted into convex optimization problem. Additionally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations by an application to DC model.