bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPA1 Channel Activation With Cinnamaldehyde Induces Cutaneous Vasodilation Through NOS, but Not COX and KCa Channel, Mechanisms in Humans
Authors: Kataoka Yufuko , Kenny Glen P. , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Amano Tatsuro , Mündel Toby , Zheng Huixin , Lei Tze-Huan , Watanabe Koichi , Fujii Naoto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel activation induces cutaneous vasodilation in humans in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying this response remains equivocal. We hypothesized that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and Ca2+ activated K+ (KCa) channels contribute to the TRPA1 channel–induced cutaneous vasodilation with no involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) in 9 healthy young adults was assessed at 4 dorsal forearm skin sites treated by intradermal microdialysis with (1) 1.985% dimethyl sulfoxide + 0.015% lactated Ringer solution with propylene glycol (vehicle control), (2) 10 mM l-NAME, a nonselective NOS inhibitor, (3) 10 mM ketorolac, a nonselective COX inhibitor, or (4) 50 mM tetraethylammonium, a nonselective KCa channel blocker. Cinnamaldehyde, a TRPA1 channel activator, was administered to each skin site in a dose-dependent manner (2.9%, 8.8%, 26%, and 80%, each lasting ≥30 minutes). Administration of ≥8.8% cinnamaldehyde increased CVC from baseline at the vehicle control site by as much as 27.4% (95% confidence interval of 5.3; P < 0.001). NOS inhibitor attenuated the cinnamaldehyde-induced increases in CVC at the 8.8%, 26%, and 80% concentrations relative to the vehicle control site (all P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, both the COX inhibitor and KCa channel blockers did not attenuate the cinnamaldehyde induced-increases in CVC relative to the vehicle control site for all concentrations (all P ≥ 0.130). We conclude that in human skin in vivo, NOS plays a role in modulating the regulation of cutaneous vasodilation in response to TRPA1 channel activation with no detectable contributions of COX and KCa channels.
Sex Differences in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction With PCSK9 Inhibitors in Real-world Patients: The LIPID-REAL Registry
Authors: Cordero Alberto , Fernández del Olmo M. Rosa , Cortez Quiroga Gustavo A. , Romero-Menor Cesar , Fácila Lorenzo , Seijas-Amigo José , Fornovi Aisa , Murillo Juan R. , Rodríguez-Mañero Moisés , Bello Mora María C. , Valle Alfonso , Miriam Sandin , Pamias Roman F. , Bañeras Jordi , García Pedro B. , Clemente Lorenzo Maria M. , Sánchez-Alvarez Sergio , López-Rodríguez Luis , González-Juanatey José R. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Previous evidence supports that monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) by 50%–65%, regardless of baseline treatments. We tested possible sex differences in a multicentre registry of real-world patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors.

Methods:
This is a multicentre and retrospective study of 652 patients initiating treatment with any PCSK9 inhibitor in 18 different hospitals. Before-treatment and on-treatment LDLc and medical treatments, clinical indication, and clinical features were recorded.

Results:
Women represented 24.69% of the cohort. The use of statins was similar in both sexes, but women were receiving most frequently ezetimibe. Before-treatment median LDLc was 135 (interquartile range 115–166) mg, and it was higher in women. The median on-treatment LDLc was 57 (interquartile range 38–84) mg/dL, which represented a mean 54.5% reduction. On-treatment LDLc was higher in women, and the mean LDLc reduction was lower in women (47.4% vs. 56.9%; P = 0.0002) receiving evolocumab or alirocumab. The percentage of patients who achieved ≥50% LDLc reduction was higher in men (71.36% vs. 57.62%; P = 0.002). According to LDLc before-treatment quartiles, LDLc reduction was statistically lower in women in the 2 highest and a significant interaction of women and baseline LDLc >135 mg/dL was observed. Women were negatively associated with lower rates of LDLc treatment target achievement (odds ratio: 0.31). Differences were also observed in women with body mas index >25 kg/m2. Only 14 patients (2.14%) presented side effects.

Conclusions:
This multicentre and retrospective registry of real-world patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors highlights significant gender differences in LDLc reduction.
Adrenal G Protein-Coupled Receptors and the Failing Heart: A Long-distance, Yet Intimate Affair
Authors: Borges Jordana I. , Ferraino Krysten E. , Cora Natalie , Nagliya Deepika , Suster Malka S. , Carbone Alexandra M. , Lymperopoulos Anastasios 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Systolic heart failure (HF) is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by the reduction in cardiac function and still remains the disease with the highest mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatment, HF represents a severe clinical and social burden. Chronic human HF is characterized by several important neurohormonal perturbations, emanating from both the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal glands. Circulating catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and aldosterone elevations are among the salient alterations that confer significant hormonal burden on the already compromised function of the failing heart. This is why sympatholytic treatments (such as β-blockers) and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which block the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone on the failing heart, are part of the mainstay HF pharmacotherapy presently. The adrenal gland plays an important role in the modulation of cardiac neurohormonal stress because it is the source of almost all aldosterone, of all epinephrine, and of a significant amount of norepinephrine reaching the failing myocardium from the blood circulation. Synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenals is tightly regulated by adrenal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors. In this review, we discuss important aspects of adrenal GPCR signaling and regulation, as they pertain to modulation of cardiac function in the context of chronic HF, by focusing on the 2 best studied adrenal GPCR types in that context, adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors (AT1Rs). Particular emphasis is given to findings from the past decade and a half that highlight the emerging roles of the GPCR-kinases and the β-arrestins in the adrenals, 2 protein families that regulate the signaling and functioning of GPCRs in all tissues, including the myocardium and the adrenal gland.
Development and Evaluation of a Remote Patient Monitoring System in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Hummelink Stefan L.M. , Paulus Vera A.A. , Wentink Eva C. , Ulrich Dietmar J.O. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Flap monitoring after a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction is crucial to detect complications in time. A novel and innovative wireless device has been developed and tested in a feasibility study. This study describes our experience with remote patient monitoring via this device in postoperative monitoring of deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps.

Methods:
Following a deep inferior epigastric perforator breast reconstruction, the “Free Flap Patch” was adhered to the flap, continuously measuring temperature and tissue saturation. Data were stored locally on the patch and analyzed in a retrospective manner. Raw analog-digital-conversion values from the red- and infrared sensors, delta muscle saturation (dSmO2), and estimated tissue oxygenation (StO2) were assessed and compared with clinical records.

Results:
No adverse events related to the device were recorded. One patient suffered flap loss; a decrease in estimated tissue oxygenation was measured with the device in situ. No deviations in clinical variables were recorded in the uncompromised flaps.

Conclusions:
A wearable patient monitoring device was successfully utilized in clinical practice. In one patient, a flap failure was recorded where the PPG-derived StO2 parameter was indicatory for this event. The Free Flap Patch has the potential of automatically predicting blood supply issues in an early stage. More data are needed for clinical validation.
Epidemiology and 6- and 12-Month Outcomes of Intimate Partner Violence and Other Violence-Related Traumatic Brain Injury in Major Trauma: A Population-Based Trauma Registry Study
Authors: Gabbe Belinda J. , Braaf Sandra , Cameron Peter A. , Berecki-Gisolf Janneke 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To compare the epidemiology, in-hospital outcomes, and 6-month and 12-month patient-reported, outcomes of major trauma patients with intimate partner violence (IPV)–related traumatic brain injury (TBI) with other interpersonal violence (OV)–related TBI.

Setting:
Victoria, Australia.

Participants:
Adult (≥18 years) major trauma cases with TBI (concussion, skull fracture, or intracranial injury), injured through IPV or OV, between July 2010 and June 2020, and included on the population-based Victorian State Trauma Registry. There were 133 adult major trauma cases due to IPV and 1796 due to OV. The prevalence of TBI was 39% (n = 52) in the IPV group and 56% (n = 1010) in the OV group.

Design:
Registry-based cohort study.

Main Measures:
Trauma care indicators and 6- and 12-month patient-reported outcomes (self-reported disability, Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended, EQ-5D-3L, and return to work).

Results:
The annual incidence (95% CI) of major trauma involving TBI was 0.11 (0.08-0.14) per 100 000 population for IPV and 2.11 (1.98-2.24) per 100 000 for OV. A higher proportion of IPV-related cases were women (73% vs 5%), had sustained a severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-8; 27% vs 15%), were admitted to intensive care (56% vs 37%), and died in hospital (14% vs 5%). The median (interquartile range) time to definitive care (4.7 hours vs 3.3 hours) and head computed tomographic scan (5.0 hours vs 3.1 hours) was longer in the IPV group. Follow-up rates at 6 and 12 months were 71% and 69%, respectively. The 6- and 12-month outcomes were generally poorer in the IPV-related group.

Conclusion:
The incidence of IPV-related major trauma with TBI was low. However, the prevalence of severe TBI, the time to key aspects of clinical care, in-hospital mortality, and longer-term work-related disability were higher. However, power to detect differences was low due to the small number of IPV-related cases compared with the OV group.
Longitudinal Analysis of Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms, Probable TBI, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Veterans
Authors: Portnoy Galina A. , Relyea Mark R. , Presseau Candice , Orazietti Skye , Martino Steve , Brandt Cynthia A. , Haskell Sally G. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To determine veterans' intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration following report of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCSs).

Setting:
Five Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers.

Participants:
Veterans with nonmissing data on main measures, resulting in N = 1150 at baseline and N = 827 at follow-up.

Design:
Prospective cohort study with secondary data analysis of self-reported TBI, PPCSs, and IPV perpetration, controlling for common predictors of IPV, including binge drinking, marijuana use, pain intensity, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder.

Main Measures:
VA TBI Screening Tool to assess for probable TBI and PPCSs; Conflict Tactics Scale-Revised (CTS-2S) to assess for IPV perpetration.

Results:
Almost half (48%) of participants reported IPV perpetration at follow-up. Both probable TBI and higher PPCSs at baseline were associated with overall IPV perpetration and more frequent IPV perpetration at follow-up. Only PPCSs significantly predicted IPV perpetration after controlling for common predictors of IPV perpetration. Neither probably TBI nor PPCSs predicted frequency of IPV perpetration.

Conclusion:
When considered alongside common risk factors for IPV perpetration, PPCS was uniquely associated with the likelihood of IPV perpetration in this veteran sample. Given post-9/11 veterans' elevated risk for head injury, findings emphasize the distinctive value of PPCSs in understanding risk for IPV perpetration. We recommend increased assessment for PPCSs in clinical practice among veterans enrolled in VA care and highlight several important areas for future research and intervention development.
Cutaneous Myiasis in a Neglected Case of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case Report
Authors: Mohta Alpana 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Myiasis is an infestation of the tissues and organs of living vertebrates and humans by fly larvae, usually those belonging to the Calliphoridae family. The larvae feed on the host’s necrotic or living tissue.
Here, we report a 58-year-old woman with a 1-year history of biopsy-proven pemphigus vulgaris presented with an acute flare-up.

Case presentation:
On mucocutaneous examination, the patient had multiple sinus tracts covered with purulent necrotic slough, and cylindrical maggots were crawling out of and around the areas of slough. The patient was diagnosed with wound myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax. Turpentine oil flushes and oral ivermectin were prescribed.

Discussion:
Cutaneous myiasis can be papular, pustular, furuncular, and nodular. It is more common in people who have poor hygiene and intimate contact with domestic animals, such as people living in rural areas and tropical/ subtropical countries. The chief aim of management is to remove the maggots as soon as possible, kill them to prevent maturation, promote wound healing, and prevent development of secondary complications.

Conclusion:
In the current case, the patient’s poor nursing and personal care and low socioeconomic condition predisposed her to secondary wound infection and maggot infestation. Such cases require prompt care to prevent secondary infection and septicemia.
Clinical Manifestations, Proposed Mechanisms, and Updated Management of Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Associated Pruritus
Authors: Kirchner Allison , Lake Eden 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is defined as a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus and xerosis. AD is the most common inflammatory skin disease, affecting about 200 million people worldwide. Although AD is diagnosed in all ages and races, there are distinct findings associated with the different age groups that can help guide the diagnosis. Recent, robust studies have identified hereditary and genetic risk factors, which have guided the treatment options for AD. This includes various topical agents, a new generation of systemic biologics (dupilumab, tralokinumab, and lebrikizumab), and Janus kinase inhibitors (abrocitinib and baricitinib). Here, we describe some of the common clinical manifestations, hypothesized mechanisms, and current therapeutic treatment options for patients with moderate-to-severe AD.
Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Johnson Jamie K. , Duncan Brandi , Ly Melinda , Buys Katie 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Atopic dermatitis is the most common pediatric skin disorder in the United States. Literature consensus designates patient education as crucial in atopic dermatitis management.

Local problem
Representing Alabama's only pediatric dermatology clinic, the clinic at Children's of Alabama receives a disproportionate number of referrals. The volume impedes on the clinician's ability to provide comprehensive patient education for new referrals.

Methods
All new atopic dermatitis referrals, newborn to 5 years old, are scheduled between August 2, 2019, and October 25, 2019, for the pediatric dermatology nurse practitioner's weekly clinic. To complete the visit, the nurse practitioner customizes an eczema action plan to be individually reviewed by the dermatology nurse with the patient.

Interventions
Before the visit, caregivers complete the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure questionnaire to quantify eczema symptoms. They repeat this by phone 4–6 weeks later along with another Likert questionnaire measuring caregiver treatment confidence.

Results
Using SPSS Statistics 25 to analyze descriptive statistics, there was a statistically significant change in scores. Caregiver treatment confidence was uniformly high.

Conclusion
Improved atopic dermatitis symptoms and increased caregiver treatment confidence were observed after implementing nurse-led education with customized eczema action plans in new visits.
Effects of an Emotional Education Program on Prisoners: An Experimental Study
Authors: Martín-Cocinas Fernández Ma. Carmen , Gómez-Díaz Magdalena , Gómez-Sánchez Rosario , Conesa-Fuentes Ma. Carmen , Díaz-Agea José Luis , Leal-Costa César 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Emotional education has beneficial effects on physical and/or emotional health, resulting in a better quality of life. Thus, it is beneficial to provide prisoners with emotional education, because of the difficulties they often have, to attain these benefits.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of a nursing intervention program in emotional education for incarcerated persons.

Methods
Experimental study with pretest–posttest repeated measures with a control group was conducted at a penitentiary center in the southeast of Spain. Forty-eight prisoners participated in the emotional education intervention program, and another 48 were part of the control group. The emotional intelligence questionnaire 24-item Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the resilience scale Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Rathus Assertiveness Questionnaire, and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey were utilized.

Findings
The intragroup, preintervention and postintervention comparisons in the study group showed improvements in self-esteem (p = 0.00, r = 0.51), resilience (p = 0.00, r = 0.42), assertiveness (p = 0.00, r = 0.46), and emotional intelligence in its dimensions of repair (p = 0.00, r = 0.32) and clarity (p = 0.02, r = 0.22) as well as in most of the quality of life dimensions. Significant intergroup differences were also found in all of these variables, except for attention and emotional clarity dimensions.

Conclusion
The intervention improved the socioemotional health and quality of life of the prisoners, highlighting the importance of these interventions to be performed by the nursing personnel on a regular basis as a programmed activity within prisons.
Development of the Duquesne University School of Nursing Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Training Model
Authors: Sekula L. Kathleen , Colbert Alison M. , Currie Meghan 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lack of preceptors and hands-on training opportunities has long been an impediment to nurses pursuing sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) practice and certification after completing a SANE didactic course. In addition, nurses in rural and underserved areas often lack the professional support and mentoring needed. To address this gap and increase the number of certified practicing SANEs, the Duquesne University School of Nursing (DUSON) received funding from the Department of Health Resources and Services Administration for a program designed to provide advanced nursing education to increase the number of nurses who are trained and certified as nurse examiners.

Approach
The DUSON developed a hands-on clinical preceptor course and other support programming to supplement the existing SANE didactic course training. The goal was to create a comprehensive model that took students from initial SANE training through to certification.

Lessons Learned
In the first two- and three-quarter years of the program, 36 nurses achieved certification, and another 116 completed a didactic course and initial hands-on skills training and are preparing for certification. Approximately 41.5% of participants are from rural and/or underserved areas. Challenges included the adaptations required by the COVID-19 pandemic and engagement of nurses once they returned to their home institution to complete additional hours.

Conclusions
The DUSON comprehensive model provides a solid pathway for nurses who want to become SANEs, and the structure of the program seems especially conducive for training nurses in rural and underserved areas.
Increasing Access to Forensic Nursing Services in Rural and Underserved Areas of Texas
Authors: Mitchell Stacey A. , Charles Laurie A. , Downing Nancy 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Sexual assault is prevalent in the Unites States. Many areas of the country lack access to sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs), especially in rural areas. The U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration Advanced Nursing Education-Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner educational grant provided an opportunity to improve equity and reduce disparity in rural and underserved communities by offering education and simulation experiences in the care of sexual assault patients. Through the Texas A&M Health Center of Excellence in Forensic Nursing, Texas A&M University College of Nursing developed an innovative program using simulated medical forensic examinations and mock testimony education. Rapid cycle quality improvement was utilized to adapt quickly to feedback and meet overarching goals. This article describes development and adaptation of the program using rapid cycle quality improvement processes and progress in recruitment, retention, and certification of nurses to provide sexual assault care in rural and underserved areas of Texas.
Combination polyene-anidulafungin therapy for isolated cerebral Rhizopus mucormycosis
Authors: LeWitt Tessa , Joshi Seema , Herc Erica 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients or those with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Mucormycosis is exceedingly rare in immunocompetent hosts.

Patient concerns:
We present an unusual case of isolated cerebral mucormycosis in a young injection drug user.

Diagnosis:
The diagnosis of cerebral mucormycosis was made using stereotactic brain biopsy and tissue culture.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with a combination of amphotericin B and anidulafungin.

Outcomes:
Although the patient experienced residual neurologic deficits, she was able to resume many independent activities.

Lessons:
Although isolated cerebral mucormycosis is rare, it has an extremely poor prognosis. The most significant risk factor for isolated cerebral infection is injection drug use, which is likely secondary to the injection of drugs contaminated with Rhizopus spores. These patients typically present with brain abscesses in the basal ganglia. In critically ill patients and in those who fail polyene monotherapy, a combination of amphotericin B-anidulafungin therapy may provide survival benefits. Further study of synergy and combination therapy for isolated cerebral mucormycosis must be conducted before clinical conclusions can be drawn.