bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User Experience of Architectural Promenade in Art and Cultural Centres in Calabar, Crossriver State, Nigeria
Authors: Ediae O. J. , Abeng F. J. , Egbudom J. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The architectural success of any structure depends on how well people experience spaces. In order to improve the overall user experience in spaces, the architectural promenade concept has become a part of modern architectural design. Despite this, little is known about it or how it affects the user experience, particularly in Art and Cultural Centres. This research aims to assess the user experience of architectural promenade in selected Art and Cultural Centres in Calabar, Cross-river state, Nigeria. A quantitative methodology was applied to gather data from the selected arts and Cultural Centres in Calabar, Crossriver. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 2021 software was employed to analyse the acquired data. The findings indicated that many users did not necessarily enjoy the architectural promenade in Cultural Centres, affecting their overall experience of spaces. The study recommended architectural promenade as an area of user experience that researchers could focus on in research. It also suggests Architects architectural promenade as a conscious consideration in the design of art and Cultural Centres.
Users’ Perception of Compliance of Security Features with Defensible Space Principles in Selected Secondary Schools in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Jegede F. O. , Adewale B. A. , Ayara E. J. , Faleti M. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The idea of preventing crime by strategically using the environment as tool has been explored for decades. Defensible space provides architectural strategies for effectively preventing crime by reorganizing the physical environment and giving inhabitants control over their surroundings. This study seeks to examine the security features allaying with defensible space in four selected secondary schools in Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria, with a view to making contributions on how to improve security in such environments for users. The study identifies areas for further improvements based on users’ perception, towards enhancing security in the academic environments in Nigeria. Four selected secondary schools in Ota, publicly and privately owned was used for the study. The study used quantitative and qualitative research methods to obtain data from 149 students, in addition with 33 teachers from four secondary schools. The collected data were descriptively analysed with the use of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software. Results showed that there are evidences of elements of defensible space strategies, which are Territoriality and Natural surveillance that were adequately perceived and being implemented by the respondents. Deterioration of school buildings and poor road construction were seen. These were evidences of the elements of Milieu and Image, an indication of defensible space perception. Students dissatisfaction with overall school security was also revealed. The study further shows that appropriate maintenance strategies can help enhance the physical and security conditions of school environment in Nigeria.
Adoption of Sustainable Site Planning Strategies by Beach Resorts in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ediae O. J. , Egbudom J. C. , Abeng F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resorts are commercial establishments specialised to meet vacationers needs through the provision of specialised services such as food, entertainment and accommodation. Most of the facilities provided by beach resorts are outdoor-based, therefore detailed attention should be paid to the landscape and external environment and this implies that the implementation of sustainable site planning strategies is crucial in achieving sustainable development. This paper seeks to investigate the adoption of sustainable site strategies by Beach Resorts in Lagos, Nigeria to understand how the various strategies could be applied in Site planning. The study was limited to beach resorts in Lagos, Nigeria and three resorts were carefully selected through purposive sampling. A qualitative data collection method was adopted and data collected were analysed through content analysis and findings revealed that there is high adoption of sustainable site planning strategies by beach resorts. Design strategies for site planning in a bid to create more sustainable developments in Nigeria were recommended.
Potential for Net-zero Energy in an Artificially Ventilated Single-family Dwelling Unit
Authors: Oguntade A. A. , Koriko A. O. , Ademiloye J. T. , Adegun O. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Net-zero energy buildings are buildings that consume less energy than other similar buildings, producing as much energy as it uses or more, from a renewable energy source. Buildings are, without a doubt, one of the key contributors to energy-related emissions. It is important to design buildings that need less energy. Using DesignBuilder, this research explores the potential for net-zero energy in an artificially ventilated single-family dwelling unit in Kuala Lumpur Subang, Malaysia. To achieve net-zero energy five steps are taken; step one involves determining the most energy-efficient glazing, step two involves investigating the most energy-efficient wall material, the next step considers the best window-to-wall ratio, the fourth includes the use of external shading devices and the final step introduces the use of roof installed solar panels. One of the key findings was that shading either through external shading devices or through more efficient glazing reduced the overall energy use and that as the energy needed for cooling reduced as a result of shading the energy needed for lighting slightly increased. The research also revealed that the energy consumption reduced as the wall insulation increased and that bricks/block walls were more energy-efficient than wooden walls without insulation. During the third phase of the research, findings revealed that the energy efficiency of the walls and the windows were the determining factor for which window-to-wall ratio was best. In all, net-zero energy was achieved by reducing the energy consumption by 73.4% and by generating more energy than the building consumes from photovoltaic cells.
Bi-Objective Preventive Maintenance Scheduling Optimization of Photovoltaic System based on Availability
Authors: Sa’ad Aisha , Nyoungue Aimé C. , Hajej Zied 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To ensure smooth running and continues supply of uninterrupted power from the Photovoltaic (PV) power plant, it becomes imperative to develop maintenance strategies that improves the reliability and availability of the system; thus, the need to balance between cost and reliability/availability of PV system arises in the industry. This work focuses on developing selective preventive maintenance algorithm based on the PV subcomponents’ reliability that minimizes the preventive maintenance cost while also maximizing system availability over a finite horizon. A minimum reliability threshold was assumed which served as the determining factor on a component if maintenance is to be performed on the component. An algorithm was developed in MATLAB to perform the selection and cost optimization in which an optimal periodicity yielding 5 preventive maintenance actions was obtained resulting to availability of 99.75% and minimal cost of 1,649 monetary units.
Assessment of the Spatial Distribution of Carbondioxide Pollution Emitted by Cement Industry Located in Sagamu, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Oluwatoyin Olanrewaju , Ngene Ben Uchechukwu , Ogbiye Samuel Adebanji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cement factory produces air pollutants that contaminate and cause adverse effects on the health of dwellers of the affected environment. These pollutants enter the body and become injurious by initiating or aggravating problems in the respiratory, circulatory and nervous systems. During the production of cement, many processes like crushing, raw milling, calcining, burning and cements milling, release pollutants to the immediate environment. This study aimed at estimating the discharge rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) pollutant emitted from the production/combustion unit of Lafarge Cement Factory Sagamu Ogun State. Six points on each of the three major routes that lead to the factory were used as the sampling points for the study. Gaussian plume model method was applied in developing the model equation. Raw data obtained from the field was used to determine the spread of CO2 concentration. The study showed that there were emissions of CO2 within the study area, with an average monthly highest discharge rate of 773.333 ppm on Ikorodu route, and the lowest discharge rate on Abeokuta route (689.875 ppm). Consequently, the findings can be used to formulate and validate models as well as develop co-correlation among the three routes in the study area.
Climate Responsive Design Strategies for Contemporary Low-rise Residential Buildings in Tropical Environment of Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Nwalusi Dickson M. , Obi Nicholas I. , Chendo Ikebueze G. , Okeke Francis O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The skyline of the developing world is decorated with medium and low rise structures and Nigeria is not an exception. Located in the tropics mainly characterized by an elevated air temperature and high relative humidity; obtaining the desired level of indoor thermal comfort without mechanical aid is a design challenge for most of her building structures in recent times. However, airflow inside a building depends not only on external wind velocity but also on a number of Architectural design features and principles. The study, aimed at identifying design element and strategies that modify the indoor comfort conditions as well as energy savings of tropical buildings. Through case study research approach and the review of existing literature, a comparison of the colonial and contemporary existing building designs were made in the study area based on seven architectural design features that can influence thermal comfort condition. The study found that contemporary building designs in the study area have in recent times departed from the traditional applications of passive design strategies used in colonial architecture and have taken a non-compactible design models for tropical climates like disappearance of eaves projections, shrinkage of balconies, reduced headroom heights and window sizes. Furthermore, the result highlights the need to evolve a climate responsive design as means of reducing heat stress in the contemporary Nigerian low-rise buildings. It concludes and recommends that architects and designers should review their design approaches in favour of functional building requirements for climate-responsive and energy efficient buildings, which will be less dependent on mechanical systems in order to achieve maximum thermal comfort levels in our buildings.
Upper Limit of Acceptable Temperature for Children in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms in Warm Humid Climate in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Munonye C.C. , Ohaegbu P N. , Chukwu I.N. , Ifebi O.C. , Odimegwu C.N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fieldwork took place in naturally ventilated public primary schools in Imo State, Nigeria to find the upper limit of acceptable temperature. The period of the survey was from October 2017 to May 2018, where objective and subjective data were collected. Results of the fieldwork of the 330 surveyed children (aged 7-12 years) revealed that the upper limit temperature derived from their responses corresponding to mean thermal sensations of +0.85 is 31.6°C for the combined classrooms. This is about 4.9°C higher than the ASHRAE upper 80% acceptability limit. Furthermore, the maximum temperature acceptable by the studied children was found to be higher than the ASHRAE upper limit. The study shows that respondents in a tropical country, such as in Nigeria, can be comfortable at high temperatures. Information about the heat tolerance of primary school children is important as that may guide professionals in the building industry to achieve eco-friendly and sustainable classrooms that use less energy and at the same time provide thermal comfort to the occupants.
Successful Coastal Protection by Step Concrete Revetments in Thailand
Authors: Saengsupavanich Cherdvong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Coastal revetment has a main function to protect eroding shorelines. Sometimes, the revetment is considered ineffective and harmful to the environment. This article presents 3 case studies in Thailand where stepped concrete revetments were successfully implemented. If theoretically accurately designed, the revetments will not only protect the coastlines but also enhance community’s well-being. The case studies at the Suan-Son beach, the Pra-Ae beach, and the Laem-Sadet beach advocate such a claim. When the incoming waves break on the steps, the revetment crest is accurately configured, the front slope is well-designed, the wave reflection will be minimized. The sand will climb and deposit on the steps. The beach berm will be wide. People can walk either on the beach or the revetment crest. Tourism will be promoted. Livelihoods of coastal communities will be enhanced. Sustainable coastal development can follow. None of these can happen if the coast is still being eroded. The revetment is not a bad thing. What is bad is an engineer who poorly designs the revetment. The misleading belief that the revetment will do more harm than good must be adjusted.
A Feasibility Study on the Use of Dredged Material as a Raw Material in Clay Brick Production
Authors: Srushti K , Wani Asma , Sahana S , Ur Rahmam Mohd Zia , Praveen K M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The feasibility of using the dredged material as a raw material in clay brick production is studied. The reuse of waste dredged materials as useful raw materials in the construction activities is assessed. Firstly, the dredged material is collected from the dredging activities along the approach channels of New Mangalore Port Trust (NMPT), Mangalore. The collected dredged sample is analyzed for various engineering properties to understand the characteristics, composition and feasibility as a raw material in clay brick production. The Atterberg limits were estimated for natural and dredged material as per IS:2720-5 (1985). The specific gravity, pH and grain size distribution was carried out to assess the characteristics the materials. Further, SEM and XRD analysis was also carried out to analyse the microstructure of the raw materials. The study is a step forward towards a greener environment, since it helps in reducing and recycling dredged material for construction. The aim of the project is to study the characteristics of dredged sediments and their beneficial use in brick production. The feasibility of using dredged material as an alternative sustainable building material is assessed.
The Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Groundwater in Karbala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Abdul-Razzak Mohammed Ibrahim , Al-Neif Ayser Abdul-Aziz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Karbala governorate, however, neighborhood the western desert, which bounded by longitudes (43° 09' 41" – 44° 18' 56") and latitudes (32° 10' 15" – 32° 50' 15") with total area study of 4987 km2, represents part of sedimentary plain belongs to the unstable shelf and Salman zone belongs to the stable shelf. The main geological formations that exposed in the studied area represented by Al-Fatha Fn. (M. Miocene), Injana Fn. (U. Miocene), Dibdiba Fn. (Pliocene - pliestocene) and Quaternary Fn. (Pliestocene - Holocene). Two main underground reservoirs were distinguished based on the sedimentary facies and (four water reservoirs) as well. Quantitatively, the assessment was based on the climatic information (rainfall, temperature and humidity) for (39 years) for the period (1980 - 2019), so, by using Thornorite equation the water surplus was calculated representing the renewable storage of the unconfined aquifer which amounted to (110.9 * 106 m3/year), while the fixed storage for both systems (unconfined and confined) were calculated as (7.68 * 109 m3) and (6.16 * 109 m3) respectively, with total equivalent to (13.84 * 109 m3). While qualitatively, the assessment was based on utilizing the data bank information (151 wells) belongs to the general commission for groundwater (2013) in addition to some available field data. The results reveal that there some wells are within the permissible limits to be used for drinking purposes, which can be used for municipal after conducting biological tests on them, although they should not be used for agriculture. In general, it can be said that most of the water from the wells in the study area is suitable for agricultural use, with the exception of small scattered areas.
Geological Hazards in Al-Anbar Governorate, West Iraq
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan K. , Fayyadh Abed S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAl-Anbar Governorate has the largest coverage area among the 18 Iraqi gover-norates. The coverage area is about 138 579 km2 forming about 32% of the whole coverage area of the Iraqi territory. The governorate forms the western part of Iraq representing the Iraqi Western Desert and a small part north of the Eu-phrates River within the Jazira Plain. This large coverage area with diversity of rock types with large time span (Permi-an – Pleistocene) and different topographic forms have contributed to develop-ment of different types of geological hazards, which act at different parts of the governorate with different intensities and different damages caused to the infra-structure and community, even life losses. Three main types of geological hazards are active in the governorate; these are: 1) Floods, 2) Karstification, and 3) Swell-ing (Expensive) clays; however, other types like mass movements, depressions, active tectonic areas are also present but with less significance as their risks and caused damages to the community and infrastructure is concerned.
Evaluation of Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) for Habbaniya Lake in Anbar Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Mahmood H. D. , Al-Salmani Nazar Z. , Mohammad Osama J. , Fayyadh Adnan M. , Orabi Orabi H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA study was conducted to estimate the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) for Habbaniya Lake in central Iraq for irrigation purposes. The samples were taken at sixteen stations in October 2019. Studied samples were examined for ten Physico-chemical parameters Hydrogen Number (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature (T °C), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (T.H.), Turbidity (NTU), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Na+, Cl−, and HCO3−. The results showed that 68.75% of the study water samples fall within the low restriction category (LR) irrigation water in eleven stations (which is dominant in all parts) and 25% of the search region falls under the no restriction category (NR) irrigation water in four stations (which is dominant in the northwestern part at station 5-8). Meanwhile, a small part of the study area represents 6.25% of the water samples is classified as a moderate restriction (MR) irrigation water in one station (in the central part). Accordingly, these categories are suitable to use only with the soil having low to moderate permeability with a plant of some kind for specified tolerance of moderate salts content. The IWQI is homogeneous and suitable for irrigation in all parts, especially the northwestern part which represents the entrance waters through Warar Canal that fed principally from the Euphrates River.
Enhanced dispersion stability and interfacial damping of POSS-functionalized graphene oxide in PDMS nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Bogyoung , Youn Byungwook , Song Yeeun , Lee Doojin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) is prepared to improve the dispersity of GO nanofillers in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. Improved interfacial affinity of the GO-POSS with a polymer matrix is characterized by a small amplitude oscillatory shear test. We confirm that the POSS-functionalized GO induces better filler dispersibility and less filler aggregation in the matrix, resulting in enhanced elasticity in the solution. After curing, the POSS interface works as a soft and lubricating layer at the interface, which enhances interfacial damping within the nanocomposites.
Ultrasmall molybdenum-iron nitride nanoparticles confined carbon nanotubes hybrids for efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Yun Mun Sang , Nguyen Thanh Hai , Tran Duy Thanh , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In an attempt to find an alternative approach to reduce the use of noble metal-based electrocatalysts, a new hybrid nanostructure based on molybdenum-iron nitride nanoparticles (Mo–Fe–N NPs) deposited carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported on nickel foam substrate is fabricated via a facile synthetic approach. Highly uniform and dense Mo–Fe–N NPs achieves full coverage on surface of the CNTs with good interactions and enhanced hetero-charge transfer, thus leading to improvements in both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The fabricated hybrid shows small overpotential of 106 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and 420 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for OER, along with prospective stability after 20 h of continuous testing in alkaline electrolyte (1.0 M KOH). The catalytic activities of the Mo–Fe–N/CNTs material are shown to be superior to those of other synthesized catalysts as well as of commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts. These results may pave a potential route to the fabrication of novel electrocatalysts having high performance that can effectively replace precious metal-based catalysts in electrochemical water splitting technology.
Black rice bran intake reduces phosphorylated tau levels and enhances insulin signaling in the brain of aged normal mice
Authors: Hara Takashi , Toyama Hanae , Ohata Yumi , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Nakamura Sumiko , Joh Toshio , Ohtsubo Ken'ichi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
This study reports that black rice bran (BRB) intake for 50-52 consecutive weeks (∼12 months) reduces tau phosphorylation with a concomitant activation of insulin signaling and subsequent PI3K/AKT pathway in the brain of aged normal mice. BRB holds promise for preventing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.