bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review case study of urgent and emergency care configuration found citation searching of Web of Science and Google Scholar of similar value
Authors: Cantrell Anna , Booth Andrew , Chambers Duncan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSupplementary search methods, including citation searching, are essential if systematic reviews are to avoid producing biased conclusions. Little evidence exists on how to prioritise databases for citation searching or to establish whether using multiple sources is beneficial.ObjectivesA systematic review examining urgent and emergency care reconfiguration was used to investigate the utility of citation searching on Web of Science (WOS) and/or Google Scholar (GS).MethodsThis case study investigated numbers of studies, additional studies and unique studies retrieved from both sources. In addition, the time to search, the ease of adding references to reference management software and obtaining abstracts of studies for screening are briefly considered.ResultsWOS retrieved 62 references after deduplication of the results, 52 being additional references not retrieved during the database searching. GS retrieved 134 unique references with 63 additional references. WOS and GS retrieved the same three additional included studies. WOS was less time intensive to search given the facility to restrict to English language papers and availability of abstracts.ConclusionsIn a single systematic review case study, citation searching was required to identify all included studies. Citation searching on WOS is more efficient, where a subscription is available. Both databases identified the same studies but GS required additional time to remove non‐English language studies and locate abstracts.
Effective participation of mentally vulnerable defendants in the English magistrates’ courts: The crucial role of liaison and diversion
Authors: Howard Helen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMentally vulnerable defendants who are unable to effectively participate in their trial in the magistrates’ courts are unprotected by the law relating to unfitness to plead. The conveyor‐belt justice offered in the magistrates’ courts means that these defendants are at risk of being overlooked. This article aims to demonstrate that, in addition to police custody suites, a permanent presence of Liaison and Diversion (L&D) teams within all English magistrates’ courts is crucial to the protection of vulnerable defendants who are unable to effectively participate in their trial. Moreover, the presence of L&D teams within all magistrates’ courts might provide a more pragmatic and compassionate solution than legal reforms to those vulnerable individuals who are unable to understand the trial process. This improvement is achievable given the cost efficiencies highlighted by the RAND Europe Outcome Evaluation, published in April 2021.
A century of structural and vibrational spectroscopy in vitreous silica: A short review
Authors: Hehlen B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article reports on more than a century of elastic and inelastic spectroscopies in vitreous silica, the prototypical glass former. The discovery of infrared spectroscopies, Raman and Brillouin scattering, and X‐ray diffraction, opened a new field of science devoted to the description of matter at atomic scale. Theories describing the interaction of radiations with matter rapidely developed, as well as theories based on symmetries for the description of the vibrations. Silica, in its crystalline and vitreous form, has often been the reference material for testing new devices and new theories. As such they were the “witnesses” of the major spectroscopic breakthroughs. Owing to the difficulty to understand disorder, progresses in glasses occurred later than those in crystalline materials. For example, after Zachariasen famous paper in 1932, it was not until the 1960s that 3D random network models were built in support of experimental data. The invention of lasers and the construction of large facilities have also widely extended the range of glass properties accessible using spectroscopies. Concerning vitreous materials in general developments in the last decades of nonconventional techniques as well as numerical tools for the data analysis have opened perspectives for further investigations.
Effect of cell wall‐disruption processes on wall disruption, antioxidant activity and nutrients in tea pollen
Authors: Xie Jizhou , Wei Fang , Luo Liyong , Dai Lifeng , Zeng Liang , Wang Xinghua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTea pollen is rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds; however, the pollen wall limits their release. In this study, we explored the effects of freeze–thaw processing (FT), a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis and ultrasonication (EHUS) and superfine grinding (SG) on the wall disruption, antioxidant activity, sensory qualities and nutrients in tea pollen. SG‐treated pollen had the highest broken‐wall ratio (100%), followed by EHUS (79.14%), while FT‐treated pollen displayed the lowest ratio (59.86%). Release of nutrient compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, total free amino acids, proteins and theanine, increased after treatment with the three wall‐disruption methods compared with untreated samples. Moreover, levels of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin gallate (CG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) were higher following EHUS or SG than in untreated or FT‐treated tea pollen. EGCG was the most potent catechin involved in antioxidant activity of tea pollen, making major contributions to the significant improvement of antioxidant activity in SG‐ and EHUS‐treated groups. Additionally, the overall sensory qualities of tea were lower after treatment with the three wall‐disruption methods compared with untreated samples. In summary, SG and EHUS treatment had greater effects on cell wall disruption, nutrient release and antioxidant activity in tea pollen.
Impact of amylose from maize starch on the microstructure, rheology and lipolysis of W/O emulsions during simulated semi‐dynamic gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Zhang Ping , Wu Peng , Deng Renpan , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis study aims to examine the microstructure, rheology and lipolysis of water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions (40 wt.%) prepared with or without (Control) the addition of normal (NAM) and high amylose (HAM) maize starch during simulated digestion in a semi‐dynamic gastrointestinal tract (GIT) model. Microstructural examinations showed modification in initial W/O emulsion droplets to multiple W1/O/W2 droplets during in vitro digestion. This is in line with the rheological results, where the shear viscosity and moduli in the oral phase were remarkably reduced after entering the intestinal phase. In comparison to control and NAM emulsions, HAM emulsions showed a more compact and continuous network structure and greater viscosity and elastic modulus throughout GIT digestion. These results support lipolysis, where fewer free fatty acids were released in the HAM emulsion (70%) than in the control (86%) and NAM (78%) emulsions. This work has provided an in‐depth understanding of the digestion of W/O emulsions as influenced by amylose content, which is meaningful for the development of low‐fat products with reduced lipid digestibility.
The association between maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain and child adiposity: A racial‐ethnically diverse cohort of children
Authors: Hunt Kelly J. , Ferguson Pamela L. , Neelon Brian , Commodore Sarah , Bloom Michael S. , Sciscione Anthony C. , Grobman William A. , Kominiarek Michelle A. , Newman Roger B. , Tita Alan T. , Nageotte Michael P. , Palomares Kristy , Skupski Daniel W. , Zhang Cuilin , Hinkle Stefanie , Wapner Ronald , Vena John E. ,   ECHO‐FGS Study Group
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of obesity in US children has more than tripled in the past 40 years; hence, it is critical to identify potentially modifiable factors that may mitigate the risk.ObjectivesTo examine the association between maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and child adiposity as measured by BMI, waist circumference and percent body fat in a racial‐ethnically diverse cohort.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study of healthy women without chronic disease, we examined the association between pre‐pregnancy BMI, GWG and child adiposity. Children ages 4–8 years (n = 816) in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes‐NICHD Fetal Growth Studies were assessed. Trained study staff ascertained maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, GWG and child adiposity.ResultsThe odds of child obesity (≥95th BMI percentile) increased independently for each unit increase in maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI [OR = 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.17)] and for each 5‐kg increase in GWG [OR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.47)]. The odds of child waist circumference (≥85th percentile) also increased independently for pre‐pregnancy BMI [OR = 1.09 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.12)] and GWG [OR = 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.34)].ConclusionsMaternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and GWG were each independently and positively associated with child obesity and high child waist circumference.
Tuberculosis, focussed tools and the right schools: estimated impact and cost of a targeted student screening programme for tuberculosis infection
Authors: Sawka Alice , Geake James , Stapledon Richard , Barry Simone 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends targeted screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among high‐risk populations. Recent studies that evaluate targeted school‐based programmes in low burden settings are scarce.AimsTo evaluate a school screening programme for recently arrived migrant students from moderate and high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries and estimate (1) the number of cases of active TB that were prevented and (2) the cost per case of active TB prevented.MethodsStudents were screened with tuberculin skin tests (TST) at schools with a high migrant population intake. Those with positive results were referred for specialist evaluation. Outcomes were retrospectively assessed using 5 years of prospectively collected data. Cost data were collected. Main outcomes measured were the number of children were diagnosed with LTBI who completed treatment, and programme costs.ResultsOf 4728 student screened, 295 (6.2%) were diagnosed with LTBI. Of these, 273 (92.5%) were offered preventive therapy, 242 (82.0%) commenced and 204 (69.2%) completed therapy. The number needed to screen (NNS) was 23 per completed course of preventive treatment for LTBI. Assuming a 10% lifetime risk of reactivation, the NNS was 386 per case of TB disease notification avoided. The cost of screening was A$23 932 per case of TB disease avoided.ConclusionsThis TB strategy is supported by the high rate of TB infection in the student group, the treatment uptake and completion rates. Cost–benefit is linked with lifetime risk of TB reactivation. Targeted school screening programmes represent an important opportunity for TB control in low‐burden settings.
COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines and myopericarditis
Authors: Gnanenthiran Sonali R. , Limaye Sandhya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobally, vaccination against COVID‐19 has prevented countless infections, hospitalisations and death and represents the most successful intervention in combating the pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Utilisation of existing mRNA vaccine technology has allowed for rapid development of highly immunogenic and effective vaccines. Myopericarditis can occur as an adverse effect of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination, albeit at significantly lower rates than those that occur during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Higher rates are seen in adolescent males, usually within 1–5 days of receiving the second vaccine dose. Although most cases are self‐limited and respond to first‐line treatment, refractory cases can occur, with a limited evidence base on which to guide management. Here, we present a brief review of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines and associated myopericarditis including risk factors, proposed mechanism, and treatment including management strategies for refractory disease.
Uncovering healthcare staff attitudes to the rapid deployment of telehealth in Victoria, 2020–2021: a 12‐month telehealth experience
Authors: Shannon Michelle M. , Callum Shona M. , Callisaya Michele L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTelehealth was widely adopted in health services during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It is unknown what the attitudes and ongoing needs of healthcare staff are after a rapid implementation of telehealth.AimsTo evaluate staff attitudes to telehealth utilisation after a rapid implementation.MethodsA health service‐wide bespoke survey was sent to all clinicians, managers and administration staff in June–July 2021. We evaluated attitudes to: (i) telehealth application in the model of care; and (ii) the barriers and enablers to use of telehealth. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, and content analysis for the textual data.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐four respondents completed the survey (response rate = 22.5% of healthdirect users (71/315), and 3.2% of total healthcare staff population). Most commonly, telehealth was identified as being important (78%) and safe (79%) by clinicians, and important (100%) and encouraged (88%) by managers. In contrast, telehealth was identified as not the same as face to face (56%; 50%), but easy to add to usual work arrangements (43%; 44%) by clinicians and managers respectively. The most common enablers of telehealth were: (i) having others use the same telehealth platform (74.3%; 100%); and (ii) completing training (68.9%; 72.7%) by clinicians and managers respectively. The most common barriers were having: (i) reliable Internet connectivity (39.2%; 45.5%) by clinicians and managers, respectively; (ii) the right equipment (clinician 37.8%); and (iii) a private area (managers 36.3%).ConclusionsDespite training and having support from colleagues to implement telehealth, ongoing needs were identified that may promote uptake in specific health settings.
Can defined contribution pensions survive the pandemic? The Chilean case
Authors: Kay Stephen J. , Borzutzky Silvia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic threatens the viability of Chile’s defined contribution (DC) pension system, undermining its financial foundation and exposing its vulnerability to political risk. The COVID‐19 crisis led to the approval of three rounds of emergency withdrawals of 10 per cent of pension savings (as of April 2021). Utilizing pension funds during an economic crisis is neither new nor uncommon – during the Great Recession, several countries in Central and Eastern Europe diverted DC pension funds to cope with the fiscal stresses. As Chile prepares to draft a new constitution, debates about the efficiency and equity of the pension system are ongoing. In this regard, and as the political response to the pandemic demonstrates, the DC system has failed to live up to its promise of ending political risk and preventing the diversion of pension funds for other expenditures.
Prevalence of malnutrition and nutrition‐related complications in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Laing Erin , Gough Karla , Krishnasamy Meinir , Michael Michael , Kiss Nicole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCross‐sectional studies report that up to 25% of people with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NET) are malnourished. However, the changes in nutritional status and dietary intake over time are unknown. The present study aimed to comprehensively describe the impact of a GEP NET on nutritional status and quality of life (QOL). Patients diagnosed with a GEP NET were recruited to this prospective longitudinal study on initial attendance to the NET Unit at two tertiary hospitals in Melbourne (VIC, Australia). Patient self‐reported QOL measures (European Organisation for Research and Treatment Cancer QLC‐C30 and QLC‐GINET21) and nutritional outcomes (nutritional status, weight change, fat‐free mass [FFM], dietary change, dietitian contact) were collected bi‐monthly for six months. Sixty‐one patients were recruited (66% male) with a mean ± SD age of 62 ± 12 years, predominantly diagnosed with small intestinal NET and Grade 1/2 disease. Commonly reported symptoms were fatigue (79%), abdominal discomfort (75%) and pain (68%). More patients were malnourished at baseline than at 6 months (29% vs. 13%). Over this 6 months, 48% lost weight, 20% lost ≥ 5% of their body weight, and 62% lost FFM with an average FFM loss of 2.8 kg (95% confidence interval = 2.0, 3.6), consistent with altered body composition. Dietary change was reported by 56% at baseline and 53% at six months, but only 21% consulted a dietitian at baseline and 18% at 6 months. Clinically significant loss of weight and FFM affected many patients with a GEP NET; however, few patients were referred to/or received a consultation with a dietitian. Valid screening practices are needed to identify weight loss and nutrition issues in GEP NET patients, and to facilitate referral to dietitian services.
GnRHand the photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction: Delegating the task to kisspeptin andRFRP‐3
Authors: Dardente Hugues , Simonneaux Valérie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSynchronization of mammalian breeding activity to the annual change of photoperiod and environmental conditions is of the utmost importance for individual survival and species perpetuation. Subsequent to the early 1960s, when the central role of melatonin in this adaptive process was demonstrated, our comprehension of the mechanisms through which light regulates gonadal activity has increased considerably. The current model for the photoperiodic neuroendocrine system points to pivotal roles for the melatonin‐sensitive pars tuberalis (PT) and its seasonally‐regulated production of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as for TSH‐sensitive hypothalamic tanycytes, radial glia‐like cells located in the basal part of the third ventricle. Tanycytes respond to TSH through increased expression of thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinase 2 (Dio2), which leads to heightened production of intrahypothalamic triiodothyronine (T3) during longer days of spring and summer. There is strong evidence that this local, long‐day driven, increase in T3 links melatonin input at the PT to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) output, to align breeding with the seasons. The mechanism(s) through which T3 impinges upon GnRH remain(s) unclear. However, two distinct neuronal populations of the medio‐basal hypothalamus, which express the (Arg)(Phe)‐amide peptides kisspeptin and RFamide‐related peptide‐3, appear to be well‐positioned to relay this seasonal T3 message towards GnRH neurons. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular, molecular and neuroendocrine players, which keep track of photoperiod and ultimately govern GnRH output and seasonal breeding.
Gene expression changes in the brain of a Cushing's syndrome mouse model
Authors: Amaya Jorge Miguel , Viho Eva M. G. , Sips Hetty C. M. , Lalai Reshma A. , Sahut‐Barnola Isabelle , Dumontet Typhanie , Montanier Nathanaëlle , Pereira Alberto M. , Martinez Antoine , Meijer Onno C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExcess glucocorticoid exposure affects emotional and cognitive brain functions. The extreme form, Cushing's syndrome, is adequately modelled in the AdKO2.0mouse, consequential to adrenocortical hypertrophy and hypercorticosteronemia. We previously reported that the AdKO2.0mouse brain undergoes volumetric changes that resemble closely those of Cushing's syndrome human patients, as well as changes in expression of glial related marker proteins. In the present work, the expression of genes related to glial and neuronal cell populations and functions was assessed in regions of the anterior brain, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus. Glucocorticoid target genes were consistently regulated, including CRH mRNA suppression in the hypothalamus and induction in amygdala and hippocampus, even if glucocorticoid receptor protein was downregulated. Expression of glial genes was also affected in the AdKO2.0mouse brain, indicating a different activation status in glial cells. Generic markers for neuronal cell populations, and cellular integrity were only slightly affected. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of glial cell populations to chronic high levels of circulating glucocorticoids.
Participatory action research intervention for improving sleep in inpatients with cancer
Authors: Cabrera Jaime Sandra , Martinez Cristina , Gonzalo Bachiller Verónica , Zarza Arnau Nuria , Martin Maldonado Luis , Belén Manrique Palles Ana , Artiga Sarrion Inmaculada , Tierno Sanchez Noelia , Julià Torras Joaquim , Sancho Juan Manuel , Cabrera Jaime Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo design and implement a plan to improve oncohaematological patients’ sleep.BackgroundThe hospital environment can compromise inpatients’ sleep, negatively impacting on health outcomes and patient satisfaction.Design and MethodThe improvement plan was designed in collaboration with 18 professionals, 3 patients and 3 accompanying relatives. The study designed followed the SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines. Outcome variables were self‐reported patient satisfaction regarding sleep, measured using a 30‐item, ad hoc questionnaire and a 10‐point visual analogue scale, completed by 318 oncohaematological inpatients (pre‐intervention n = 120, post‐intervention, n = 198) in a comprehensive cancer centre in Spain from 2017 to 2019.ResultsOverall, 61.5% (n = 190) of the inpatients reported sleep alterations, and 92.6% reported interruptions in their nightly sleep. Half slept less than 6 h/night, but 58.0% said they felt rested upon waking, despite the interruptions. These outcomes were similar before and after the intervention. The improvement plan identified four domains for work (professionals, care procedures, instruments/environment and patients/relatives), 10 areas for improvement and 35 actions for implementation.However, overall sleep worsened significantly, from 6.73 to 6.06 on the 10‐point scale. The intervention significantly improved variables related to professionals’ behaviour, including noise during the shift change, conversations at the control desk and the use of corridor lights. Sleep disturbances were mainly caused by pain/discomfort and infuser alarms, and collectively they decreased significantly after the intervention (p = .008). However, overall sleep worsened significantly, from 6.73 to 6.06 on the 10‐point scale.ConclusionsPain, clinical devices and noise made by professionals are the main causes of sleep disturbances. Involving professionals in decision‐making to improve patients’ sleep have a positive impact on noise levels.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study proposes new strategies for improving sleep by increasing staff awareness and changing attitudes towards patients’ sleep. Nurses should be involved in addressing sleep disturbances during hospitalization.