bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence and uniqueness result for a fluid–structure–interaction evolution problem in an unbounded 2D channel
Authors: Patriarca Clara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn an unbounded 2D channel, we consider the vertical displacement of a rectangular obstacle in a regime of small flux for the incoming flow field, modelling the interaction between the cross-section of the deck of a suspension bridge and the wind. We prove an existence and uniqueness result for a fluid–structure-interaction evolution problem set in this channel, where at infinity the velocity field of the fluid has aPoiseuille flowprofile. We introduce a suitable definition of weak solutions and we make use of a penalty method. In order to prevent the obstacle from going excessively far from the equilibrium position and colliding with the boundary of the channel, we introduce astrong forcein the differential equation governing the motion of the rigid body and we find a unique global-in-time solution.
We have to talk about emotional AI and crime
Authors: Podoletz Lena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmotional AI is an emerging technology used to make probabilistic predictions about the emotional states of people using data sources, such as facial (micro)-movements, body language, vocal tone or the choice of words. The performance of such systems is heavily debated and so are the underlying scientific methods that serve as the basis for many such technologies. In this article I will engage with this new technology, and with the debates and literature that surround it. Working at the intersection of criminology, policing, surveillance and the study of emotional AI this paper explores and offers a framework of understanding the various issues that these technologies present particularly to liberal democracies. I argue that these technologies should not be deployed within public spaces because there is only a very weak evidence-base as to their effectiveness in a policing and security context, and even more importantly represent a major intrusion to people’s private lives and also represent a worrying extension of policing power because of the possibility that intentions and attitudes may be inferred. Further to this, the danger in the use of such invasive surveillance for the purpose of policing and crime prevention in urban spaces is that it potentially leads to a highly regulated and control-oriented society. I argue that emotion recognition has severe impacts on the right to the city by not only undertaking surveillance of existing situations but also making inferences and probabilistic predictions about future events as well as emotions and intentions.
Investing in AI for social good: an analysis of European national strategies
Authors: Foffano Francesca , Scantamburlo Teresa , Cortés Atia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) has become a driving force in modern research, industry and public administration and the European Union (EU) is embracing this technology with a view to creating societal, as well as economic, value. This effort has been shared by EU Member States which were all encouraged to develop their own national AI strategies outlining policies and investment levels. This study focuses on how EU Member States are approaching the promise to develop and use AI for the good of society through the lens of their national AI strategies. In particular, we aim to investigate how European countries are investing in AI and to what extent the stated plans contribute to the good of people and society as a whole. Our contribution consists of three parts: (i) a conceptualization of AI for social good highlighting the role of AI policy, in particular, the one put forward by the European Commission (EC); (ii) a qualitative analysis of 15 European national strategies mapping investment plans and suggesting their relation to the social good (iii) a reflection on the current status of investments in socially good AI and possible steps to move forward. Our study suggests that while European national strategies incorporate money allocations in the sphere of AI for social good (e.g. education), there is a broader variety of underestimated actions (e.g. multidisciplinary approach in STEM curricula and dialogue among stakeholders) that can boost the European commitment to sustainable and responsible AI innovation.
Mechanical properties and degradation of laser sintered structures of PLA microspheres obtained by dual beam laser sintering method
Authors: Kryszak Bartłomiej , Gazińska Małgorzata , Gruber Piotr , Wieczorek Mateusz , Krokos Anna , Dzienny Paulina , Szymczyk-Ziółkowska Patrycja , Olejarczyk Michał , Antończak Arkadiusz J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the influence of process parameters on the degradation and the mechanical properties of laser-sintered polylactide (PLA) microspheres obtained using the novel dual beam laser sintering method (DBLS). DBLS is a technique developed by our team that is a modification of standard polymer laser sintering (pLS), with the potential to reduce polymer degradation during the process. The PLA microspheres were produced using the standard emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The laser sintering process was carried out in a wide range of process parameters to obtain samples with various degrees of sintering. Next a number of tests were conducted to assess the physicochemical properties of these samples, including visualization techniques (SEM, digital microscopy and photography), gel permeation chromatogrphy (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and static compression tests. The work shows that for different sets of process parameters, it is possible to obtain a product with similar mechanical properties, but at the same time with a completely different degree of polymer degradation. Hence, the hypothesis that when assessing the sinter quality one should take into account not only the mechanical properties of the detail, but also the degree of polymer degradation, which is of great importance, for example, in biomedical applications. It has also been shown that the DBLS method has a potential to reduce the degree of degradation of the sintered polymers and the post-process material outside the sintering zone.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for localising peripherally inserted central catheter tips in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Doyle Shauna C. , Bergin Niamh M. , Young Rena , England Andrew , McEntee Mark F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Chest radiography after peripherally inserted central catheter insertion in infants is the reference standard method for verifying catheter tip position. The utilisation of ultrasound (US) for catheter placement confirmation in the neonatal and paediatric population has been the focus of many recent studies.

Objective
In this systematic review we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of US for peripherally inserted central catheter tip confirmation in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

Materials and methods
We conducted a systematic literature search of multiple databases. The study selection yielded eight articles, all of which had acceptable quality and homogeneity for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity and specificity values were reported together with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
After synthesising the eligible studies, we found that US had a sensitivity of 95.2% (95% CI 91.9–97.4%) and specificity of 71.4% (95% CI 59.4–81.6%) for confirming catheter tip position.

Conclusion
Analyses indicated that US is an excellent imaging test for localising catheter tip position in the NICU when compared to radiography. Ultrasonography is a sensitive, specific and timely imaging modality for confirming PICC tip position. In cases where US is unable to locate malpositioned PICC tips, a chest or combined chest–abdominal radiograph should be performed.
Chronic pain in osteoarthritis of the hip is associated with selective cognitive impairment
Authors: Kazim Murteza Ali , Strahl André , Moritz Steffen , Arlt Sönke , Niemeier Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic pain of various origin is known to be associated with selective cognitive impairment. Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is one of the leading causes of chronic pain in the adult population, but its association with cognitive performance has not been evaluated. Here, we investigate the effect of chronic pain due to unilateral OA of one hip and no further source of chronic pain on cognitive performance.Materials and methodsA neuropsychological test battery, consisting of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test, Rivermead behavioural memory test, d2 test of attention, and F-A-S test was applied in 148 patients and 82 healthy pain-free control individuals. The influence of potentially confounding factors such as depression and anxiety was examined.ResultsPatients with OA of the hip showed decreased performance in specific neuropsychological tests. Performance in verbal and visual short-term and long-term memory and selective attention tests was significantly poorer compared to healthy controls. Whereas the executive functions “updating”, “set shifting”, “response inhibition” and “reflection” appear intact, “problem solving” and “planning” were impaired. None of the confounders showed any influence on cognitive performance in both study groups.ConclusionWe conclude that chronic pain secondary to end-stage hip OA is associated with selective cognitive impairment. Future studies are required to investigate the effect of total hip arthroplasty on cognitive performance.
Posterior stabilization with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with titanium rods for single-level lumbar spine degenerative disease in patients above 70 years of age
Authors: Kamenova M. , Li E. , Soleman J. , Fiebig O. , Mehrkens A. , Schaeren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Given the lack of guidelines regarding the operative management of elderly patients needing lumbar spine fusion for degenerative disease, it is often difficult to balance between invasiveness respecting the fragile spine and geriatric comorbidities.

Aim
To compare reoperation rates and clinical outcome in patients above 70 years of age undergoing Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) with titanium rods or posterior stabilization with Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) rods for the treatment of one-level lumbar spine degenerative disease.

Methods
Retrospective review of baseline characteristics, reoperation rates as well as the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients, older than 70 years, undergoing posterolateral fusion with PEEK rods (n = 76, PEEK group) or TLIF with titanium rods (n = 67, TLIF group) for a single-level lumbar degenerative disease from 2014 to 2020. Additional subanalysis on the patients above 80 years of age was performed.

Results
Our results showed similar reoperation rates and outcomes in the TLIF and PEEK groups. However, intraoperative blood loss, administration of tranexamic acid, and operation time were significantly higher in the TLIF group. In patients older than 80 years, reoperation rates at first follow-up were significantly higher in the TLIF group, too.

Conclusion
According to our results, posterior stabilization with PEEK rods is less invasive and was associated with significantly lower blood loss, administration of blood products and shorter operation time. Moreover, in patients above 80 years of age reoperations rates were lower with PEEK rods, as well. Nevertheless, the benefits of PEEK rods for foraminal stenosis still have to be investigated.
Travelling helices and the vortex filament conjecture in the incompressible Euler equations
Authors: Dávila Juan , Pino Manuel del , Musso Monica , Wei Juncheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider the Euler equations in$$\mathbb R^3$$R3expressed in vorticity form$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} \vec \omega _t + (\mathbf{u}\cdot {\nabla } ){\vec \omega } =( \vec \omega \cdot {\nabla } ) \mathbf{u} \\ \mathbf{u} = \mathrm{curl}\vec \psi ,\ -\Delta \vec \psi = \vec \omega . \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$ω→t+(u·∇)ω→=(ω→·∇)uu=curlψ→,-Δψ→=ω→.A classical question that goes back to Helmholtz is to describe the evolution of solutions with a high concentration around a curve. The work of Da Rios in 1906 states that such a curve must evolve by the so-called binormal curvature flow. Existence of true solutions concentrated near a given curve that evolves by this law is a long-standing open question that has only been answered for the special case of a circle travelling with constant speed along its axis, the thin vortex-rings. We provide what appears to be the first rigorous construction ofhelical filaments, associated to a translating-rotating helix. The solution is defined at all times and does not change form with time. The result generalizes to multiple polygonal helical filaments travelling and rotating together.
Hospitalisation for degenerative cervical myelopathy in England: insights from the National Health Service Hospital Episode Statistics 2012 to 2019
Authors: Goacher Edward , Phillips Richard , Mowforth Oliver D. , Yordanov Stefan , Pereira Erlick A. C. , Gardner Adrian , Quraishi Nasir A. , Bateman Antony H. , Demetriades Andreas K. , Ivanov Marcel , Budu Alexandru , Dyson Edward , Wynne-Jones Guy , Davies Benjamin M. , Kotter Mark R. N. ,   NIHR POLYFIX-DCM Consortia
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of adult spinal cord dysfunction worldwide. However, the current incidence of DCM is poorly understood. The Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database contains details of all secondary care admissions across NHS hospitals in England. This study aimed to use HES data to characterise surgical activity for DCM in England.

Methods
The HES database was interrogated for all cases of DCM between 2012 and 2019. DCM cases were identified from 5 ICD-10 codes. Age-stratified values were collected for ‘Finished Consultant Episodes’ (FCEs), which correspond to a patient’s hospital admission under a lead clinician. Data was analysed to explore current annual activity and longitudinal change.

Results
34,903 FCEs with one or more of the five ICD-10 codes were identified, of which 18,733 (53.6%) were of working age (18–64 years). Mean incidence of DCM was 7.44 per 100,000 (SD ± 0.32). Overall incidence of DCM rose from 6.94 per 100,000 in 2012–2013 to 7.54 per 100,000 in 2018–2019. The highest incidence was seen in 2016–2017 (7.94 per 100,000). The median male number of FCEs per year (2919, IQR: 228) was consistently higher than the median female number of FCEs per year (2216, IQR: 326). The rates of both emergency admissions and planned admissions are rising.

Conclusions
The incidence of hospitalisation for DCM in England is rising. Health care policymakers and providers must recognise the increasing burden of DCM and act to address both early diagnoses and access to treatment in future service provision plans.
Individual differences in co-representation in three monkey species (Callithrix jacchus, Sapajus apella and Macaca tonkeana) in the joint Simon task: the role of social factors and inhibitory control
Authors: Miss Fabia M. , Sadoughi Baptiste , Meunier Hélène , Burkart Judith M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBehavioral coordination is involved in many forms of primate interactions. Co-representation is the simultaneous mental representation of one’s own and the partner’s task and actions. It often underlies behavioral coordination and cooperation success. In humans, the dyadic social context can modulate co-representation. Here, we first investigated whether individual differences in co-representation in the joint Simon task in capuchin monkeys and Tonkean macaques can be explained by social factors, namely dyadic grooming and sociality index, rank difference and eigenvector centrality. These factors did not predict variation in co-representation. However, in this specific task, co-representation reduces rather than facilitates joint performance. Automatic co-representation therefore needs to be inhibited or suppressed to maximize cooperation success. We therefore also investigated whether general inhibitory control (detour-reaching) would predict co-representation in the joint Simon task in Tonkean macaques, brown capuchin and marmoset monkeys. Inhibitory control did neither explain individual differences nor species differences, since marmosets were most successful in their joint performance despite scoring lowest on inhibitory control. These results suggest that the animals’ ability to resolve conflicts between self and other representation to increase cooperation success in this task is gradually learned due to frequent exposure during shared infant care, rather than determined by strong general inhibitory control. Further, we conclude that the joint Simon task, while useful to detect co-representation non-invasively, is less suitable for identifying the factors explaining individual differences and thus a more fruitful approach to identify these factors is to design tasks in which co-representation favors, rather than hinders cooperation success.
Healthcare costs of diabetic foot disease in Italy: estimates for event and state costs
Authors: Seghieri Chiara , Ferrè Francesca , Foresi Elisa , Borghini Alice 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to estimate healthcare costs of diabetic foot disease (DFD) in a large population-based cohort of people with type-2 diabetes (T2D) in the Tuscany region (Italy).

Data sources/study setting
Administrative healthcare data of Tuscany region, with 2018 as the base year.

Study design
Retrospective study assessing a longitudinal cohort of patients with T2D.

Data collection/extraction methods
Using administrative healthcare data, DFD were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.

Methods
We examined the annual healthcare costs of these clinical problems in patients with T2D between 2015 and 2018; moreover, we used a generalized linear model to estimate the total healthcare costs.

Principal findings
Between 2015 and 2018, patients with T2D experiencing DFD showed significantly higher average direct costs than patients with T2D without DFD (p < 0.0001). Among patients with T2D experiencing DFD, those who experienced complications either in 2015–2017 and in 2018 incurred the highest incremental costs (incremental cost of € 16,702) followed by those with complications in 2018 only (incremental cost of € 9,536) and from 2015 to 2017 (incremental cost of € 800).

Conclusions
DFD significantly increase healthcare utilization and costs among patients with TD2. Healthcare costs of DFD among patients with T2D are associated with the timing and frequency of DFD. These findings should increase awareness among policymakers regarding resource reallocation toward preventive strategies among patients with T2D.
A multiparametric advection-diffusion reduced-order model for molecular transport in scaffolds for osteoinduction
Authors: Muixí Alba , Zlotnik Sergio , Calvet Pere , Espanol Montserrat , Lodoso-Torrecilla Irene , Ginebra Maria-Pau , Díez Pedro , García-González Alberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractScaffolds are microporous biocompatible structures that serve as material support for cells to proliferate, differentiate and form functional tissue. In particular, in the field of bone regeneration, insertion of scaffolds in a proper physiological environment is known to favour bone formation by releasing calcium ions, among others, triggering differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts. Computational simulation of molecular distributions through scaffolds is a potential tool to study the scaffolds’ performance or optimal designs, to analyse their impact on cell differentiation, and also to move towards reduction in animal experimentation. Unfortunately, the required numerical models are often highly complex and computationally too costly to develop parametric studies. In this context, we propose a computational parametric reduced-order model to obtain the distribution of calcium ions in the interstitial fluid flowing through scaffolds, depending on several physical parameters. We use the well-known Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) with two different variations: local POD and POD with quadratic approximations. Computations are performed using two realistic geometries based on a foamed and a 3D-printed scaffolds. The location of regions with high concentration of calcium in the numerical simulations is in fair agreement with regions of bone formation shown in experimental observations reported in the literature. Besides, reduced-order solutions accurately approximate the reference finite element solutions, with a significant decrease in the number of degrees of freedom, thus avoiding computationally expensive simulations, especially when performing a parametric analysis. The proposed reduced-order model is a competitive tool to assist the design of scaffolds in osteoinduction research.
Fully-Automatic 3D Intuitive Visualization of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Fluid Accumulations in OCT Cubes
Authors: López-Varela Emilio , Vidal Plácido L. , Pascual Nuria Olivier , Novo Jorge , Ortega Marcos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in developed countries, and wet-type AMD requires urgent treatment and rapid diagnosis because it causes rapid irreversible vision loss. Currently, AMD diagnosis is mainly carried out using images obtained by optical coherence tomography. This diagnostic process is performed by human clinicians, so human error may occur in some cases. Therefore, fully automatic methodologies are highly desirable adding a layer of robustness to the diagnosis. In this work, a novel computer-aided diagnosis and visualization methodology is proposed for the rapid identification and visualization of wet AMD. We adapted a convolutional neural network for segmentation of a similar domain of medical images to the problem of wet AMD segmentation, taking advantage of transfer learning, which allows us to work with and exploit a reduced number of samples. We generate a 3D intuitive visualization where the existence, position and severity of the fluid were represented in a clear and intuitive way to facilitate the analysis of the clinicians. The 3D visualization is robust and accurate, obtaining satisfactory 0.949 and 0.960 Dice coefficients in the different evaluated OCT cube configurations, allowing to quickly assess the presence and extension of the fluid associated to wet AMD.