bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite versus Amalgam Restorations Placed in Canadian Dental Schools
Authors: Alreshaid L , El-Badrawy W , Lawrence HP , Santos MJ , Prakki A 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY

Objectives
To investigate the latest teaching policies of posterior composite placement versus amalgam and to determine the actual numbers of posterior composites versus amalgam restorations placed in Canadian dental schools, over the years from 2008 to 2018.

Methods
Emails were sent to Chairs/Heads of Restorative Departments and Clinic Directors of all 10 Canadian dental schools to collect data in the forms of: 1) Questionnaire on current teaching policies of posterior composite and amalgam restorations; 2) data entry form to collect the actual numbers of posterior composite and amalgam restorations placed in their clinics.

Results
For the teaching questionnaire, the response rate was 90% (n=9). Seven (78%) of the responding schools reported that they assign 25%–50% of their preclinical restorative teaching time towards posterior composite placement. While, three (33%) of the responding schools allocated 50%–75% of their restorative teaching towards amalgam placement. Data entry response rate was 80% (n=8). Amalgam material was dominant in the restoration distribution from 2008 to 2012. While from 2013 to 2018, resin composite material was dominant in all eight responding schools. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant increasing trend in placing posterior composites in all the responding schools over time (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Data analysis revealed a clear trend towards an increase of posterior composite restoration placement and a decrease in the number of amalgam restorations placed. However, the teaching time assigned for posterior composite is not aligned with quantity placed. Review and adjustment of time allocated for teaching and training of each material are recommended.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI MELALUI MEDIA ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Ranto Roberto 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam transaksi jual beli melalui media elektronik. Tujuan dari perlindungan konsumen adalah untuk menciptakan sistem perlindungan konsumen yang mengandung unsur kepastian hukum. Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen dalam transaksi jual beli melalui media elektronik diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan dan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen dalam transaksi jual beli melalui media elektronik terdiri dari dua konsep perlindungan hukum yaitu perlindungan hukum preventif dan perlindungan hukum represif.
The purpose of this research is to find out the legal protection of consumers in commerce transactions through electronic media. The purpose of consumer protection is to create a consumer protection system that contains the legal certainty principle. Such protection in buying and selling transactions is regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade, Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning the amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. This article concluded that the legal protection for consumers in commerce transactions through electronic media consists of two concepts of legal protection, namely preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection.
KONSEP TAKE IT OR LEAVE IT DALAM PERJANJIAN BAKU SESUAI DENGAN ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK
Authors: Mahendar Fahdelika , Budhayati Christiana Tri 
Published: May 2022

Salah satu asas yang ada dalam hukum perjanjian adalah Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak. Berdasarkan asas ini, para pihak diberikan kebebasan untuk menentukan isi, bentuk dan dengan siapa akan mengadakan perjanjian. Realisasi asas ini nampak dalam Perjanjian Baku (standaard contract), yakni perjanjian yang isi atau klausulanya sudah dibakukan oleh salah satu pihak sehingga pihak lainnya tidak ikut menentukan substansi perjanjian. Dalam Perjanjian Baku dikenal adanya konsep take it or leave it . Dikaitkan dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak, dalam Perjanjian Baku masih dimungkinkan adaya kebebasan berkotrak karena pihak yang tidak membuat perjanjian diberikan kebebasan untuk menerima perjanjian dilambangkan dengan ”take” atau menolak perjanjian dilambangkan dengan “leave”. Dengan demikian perjanjian baku yang mengenal take it or leave it telah sesuai dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak dalam aspek formil karena tidak terdapat adanya paksaan untuk mengikatkan diri dalam perjanjian.
One of the basic principles of the legal contract is the freedom of contract. According to this principle, freedom is given to determine the content, form, and to whom the contract is made. The realization of this principle appears in the standard contract, known as an agreement in which the content has been standardized. So the parties could choose to take it or leave it. Furthermore, there might be freedom of contract in standardize contracts because those who disagree are given the freedom to accept the agreement (“take”) or reject the agreement (“leave”). Eventually, the standard contract of “take it” or “leave it” is already suitable with the principle of freedom contract in the formal aspect because there is no pressure to commit in the contract.
A Study on the Evolution of the Supplying Current Absorbed By an AC Driving Motor During a Transient Regime on a Lathe Headstock Gearbox
Authors: Bumbu Neculai Eduard , Horodincă Mihăiţă 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the evolution of instantaneous supplying current absorbed by an AC motor used to drive a lathe headstock gearbox during a transient regime characterised by a strong acceleration and deceleration and a strong variations of the absorbed active electrical power (with positive and negative power flows). A relationship between the current root mean square and active electrical power evolutions was established and proved in experimental terms. A severe limitation of the electrical current evolution was revealed: the impossibility to describe a negative flow of absorbed electrical power.
The Influence of Internal Communication on Employees Motivation in Organizations in Serbia
Authors: Petković Nebojša M. , Rapajić Milan M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extremely motivated and satisfied employees lead an organization towards the desired results. One of the strategies for motivating people is communication. The condition for functioning of the organization and achieving the individual goals of employees as well as those of the organization a good communication between managers and employees. The bearers of good communication are managers and their commitment to employees, readiness to find out about problems of employees, and solving them. The aim of this paper is, based on systematization and analysis of a) relevant theoretical sources and b) results of research on the impact of communication on development of employees’ motivation in the organization, to examine the existing differences in managers’ and employees’ attitudes about the influence of communication on the increase of motivation. Therefore, the paper analyzes: the nature of employees’ motivation; the importance of communication among employees for development of motivation; the influence of employees’ position in the organization on the evaluation of certain communication factors of motivation, and the influence of appropriate communication in organization on the increase of motivation for work.
Pulled elbow: Diagnosis and management, the Paraguay experience
Authors: Vergara Alberto Daniel Navarro 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to show the Paraguay experience in the diagnosis and handling of pulled elbows in recent years.

Methods:
A retrospective study of patients who presented to the emergency service was carried out from July 2019 to December 2021. Patients under 6 years with typical symptoms and signs of pulled elbow were included in the study. The data collected were demographics, affected side, mechanism of injury, and number of times pulled elbow occurred. The maneuver performed for the treatment and its success was also recorded.

Results:
There were 30 pulled elbow cases in 26 patients. Age ranged from 1 to 5 years, with a median of 3 years. The left side was more frequently affected (53%). There were more females affected (77%). The main mechanism of injury was upper limb traction, which occurred in 26 elbows (86.6%), followed by falling from a standing height in four cases. We found that imaging studies are requested when the reason for consultation is referred to as a possible fall from one’s own height. The hyperpronation method of reduction was effective in all cases. The treating physician felt the “click” in 93.3% of the times.

Conclusion:
The pulled elbow is a frequent injury in pediatric emergencies. It requires a high index of suspicion to make the diagnosis and a training to perform the hyperpronation reduction maneuver. Physicians subjected to the diagnosis and reduction maneuver training, can treat these injuries successfully without consultation of pediatric orthopedics.
Dificuldades e desafios dos professores do ensino fundamental 1 em relação ao ensino de ciências
Authors: Ribeiro Sidélia , Welter Adams Fernanda , Maria Tavares Nunes Simara 
Published: May 2022

O Ensino de Ciências é de suma importância na formação cidadã; desde que este seja planejado, pode possibilitar uma compreensão do mundo, ou seja, promove uma leitura do mundo. Entretanto são vários desafios para que a formação cidadã ocorra e um dos desafios é a formação inicial dos professores no Ensino de Ciências. Vários autores têm discutido as dificuldades dos professores do Ensino Fundamental 1 nesta área de conhecimento. Assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um recorte de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso no qual abordamos as dificuldades e desafios enfrentados pelos docentes do Ensino Fundamental 1 no exercício de sua ação pedagógica no Ensino de Ciências em uma escola da rede pública do interior do estado de Goiás. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa utilizou-se para coleta de dados questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, que foram respondidos por oito professores das turmas de 1º ao 5º ano da Escola. Os dados obtidos através dos questionários foram transcritos e analisados de acordo com a Análise Textual Discursiva. Avalia-se que os professores reconhecem a importância do Ensino de Ciências para a formação dos alunos. Porém, apontam uma série de dificuldades como falta de tempo devido à cobrança sobre Português e Matemática, a falta de recursos didáticos e por fim, a falta de formação inicial adequada. Acredita-se que a oferta de uma formação continuada poderia auxiliar a mudar a realidade do Ensino de Ciências no Ensino Fundamental 1.
Diplopia following microvascular decompression surgeries: illustrative cases
Authors: Zhao Michael Y. , Keys Phillip H. , Owji Shahin , Pakravan Mohammad , Charoenkijkajorn Chaow , Mortensen Peter W. , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND
Microvascular decompression is an effective treatment strategy for trigeminal neuralgia. However, there may be inadvertent complications involving adjacent cranial nerves during or months after the operation. This case lesson highlights the potential manifestations, both optical and nonneurologic (monocular) and binocular diplopia, after microvascular decompression in two patients. Neurosurgeons should recognize monocular versus binocular causes of diplopia after neurosurgical microvascular decompression.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors reported on two patients who presented with diplopia after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. The first patient had binocular diplopia with a paradoxical head tilt potentially due to a contiguous trochlear nerve palsy. The second patient had monocular diplopia due to dry eye syndrome from trigeminal nerve dysfunction. However, within 2 years after their operations, both patients had resolution of their diplopia without additional surgical intervention.

LESSONS
Both monocular and binocular diplopia can be presenting symptoms of cranial neuropathies after microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Most cases of postoperative diplopia (both monocular and binocular) resolve spontaneously over time without additional neurosurgical treatment.
Safety of the Introduction of Self-driving Vehicles in a Logistics Environment
Authors: Viktor Patrik , Szeghegyi Ágnes 
Published: May 2022

Thanks to the increasing speed of technological development brought by the 21st century, many of the processes in industrial production have been automated. The next big step in this progress of artificial intelligence could potentially be in corporate logistics, road haulage, and even private transport. Naturally, automation within corporations and in critical infrastructure raises ethical and trust-related issues, reflected in the attitude of emerging markets toward this form of development. This research aims to discover the current state of development of self-driving vehicles through comprehensive literary research and to present those ethical problems, the solutions to which are paramount for society to accept and to incorporate the concept of self-driving vehicles. As a result of the analysis of a knowledge-based system with the inductive inference method in primary research, the current strengths and weaknesses of automation in the field of logistics are revealed. The paper summarizes the results of the primary research and projects them for the future of automation.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Pus Sample Collected from a Private Diagnostic Laboratory in Rangpur District of Bangladesh
Authors: Huda Nasreen , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Sultana Hafiza , Hossain Marufa , Andalib Sofia 
Published: May 2022

Background: The pattern of pathogens isolated from pus culture and their antibiotic sensitivity reports are very crucial for the management of the patients.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from pus cultures.
Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in a Private Diagnostic Lab, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The samples were collected from January 2020 to December 2020 for a period of one year. Pus samples were collected from patients in a sterile method and was sent to laboratory section for further procedure. The pus was inoculated on Blood agar media and MacConkey’s agar media for culture and identification was confirmed by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity was done by Disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar media.
Result: A total of 180 pus culture were analysed. Among 180 samples, culture positive was 140(77.8%). The most common age group was 18 to 40 years which was 80(44.4%) cases. Among the isolated bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was 34(24.3%), Escherichia coli 34(24.3%), Proteus species 32(22.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18(12.9%), Klebsiella pneumonia 10(7.1%), Streptococcus species 6(4.3%).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the most common isolated bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus followed by Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, with the resistant to majority of the commonly used antibiotics.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases December 2021;8(2):64-70
How Can Earth Scientists Contribute to Community Resilience? Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Virapongse Arika , Gupta Rupanwita , Robbins Zachary J. , Blythe Jonathan , Duerr Ruth E. , Gregg Christine 
Published: May 2022

Community resilience increases a place-based community's capacity to respond and adapt to life-changing environmental dynamics like climate change and natural disasters. In this paper, we aim to support Earth science's understanding of the challenges communities face when applying Earth science data to their resilience efforts. First, we highlight the relevance of Earth science in community resilience. Then, we summarize these challenges of applying Earth science data to community resilience:Inequity in the scientific process,Gaps in data ethics and governance,A mismatch of scale and focus, andLack of actionable information for communities.Lastly, we offer the following recommendations to Earth science as starting points to address the challenges presented:Integrate community into the scientific data pathway,Build capacity to bridge science and place-based community needs,Reconcile openness with self-governance, andImprove access to data tools to support community resilience.
Cloud Follow-Up in Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: A Single-Region Study in China
Authors: Tong Lin , Xiong Shiqiang , Hou Jun , Li Jin , Qin Shujuan , Zhang Yangchun , Yang Siqi , Qi Lingyao , Chen Xu , Luo Yan , Zhang Zhen , Deng Haoyu , Liu Hanxiong , Cai Lin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundDue to seriously imbalanced distribution of follow-up clinics in China, routine in-office visits are erratically attended by many cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) patients. Meanwhile, remote monitoring is significantly underutilized. Novel tools to address the current predicament of routine in-office visits in China is urgently needed.ObjectivesTo assess the reliability and feasibility of cloud follow-up in CIED patients.MethodsA total of 325 CIED patients from 13 hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, were enrolled. Information on patients’ sociodemographic and basic clinical characteristics was collected. All devices were tested and programmed with 5G-cloud follow-up platform in a real-time manner. All patients were surveyed about their acceptance of and preferences regarding cloud follow-up compared to routine in-office visits.ResultsCompliance with routine in-office visits in this region was 60.6%. None of the patients were enrolled in remote monitoring services. Clinically important predictors of non-compliance were elderly age (≥75 years old), odds ratio (OR) 2.392 (95% confidence interval, 1.111–5.150); needing notification from a follow-up clinic, OR 2.518 (1.179–5.376); and being beyond 15 months post-implantation, OR 5.440 (2.563–11.543). All cloud follow-up sessions were performed safely and efficiently, without any adverse events. 292 (89.8%) patients preferred cloud follow-up for future device management.ConclusionCompliance with routine in-office visits in this region has much room for improvement. Cloud follow-up addresses the limitations of an imbalanced distribution of follow-up clinics and geographic barriers for in-office CIED evaluation. Thus, cloud follow-up provides a potential solution to the current predicament of routine in-office visits in China.
New Insights on the Emplacement Kinematics of the Seymareh Landslide (Zagros Mts., Iran) Through a Novel Spatial Statistical Approach
Authors: Rouhi Javad , Delchiaro Michele , Della Seta Marta , Martino Salvatore 
Published: May 2022

The giant prehistoric Seymareh landslide in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) is one of the largest known landslides on the Earth’s surface. The debris with an estimated volume of 44 km3 dammed two rivers, generating three lakes, that persisted for about 3 ka after the event. The post-overflow morphodynamics, characterized by an accelerated and intense stream network erosion, obliterated most of the primary landforms, such as ridges and blocks on the debris surface, making it difficult for scientists to interpret the emplacement kinematics of the landslide. In this regard, a novel spatial statistical approach is proposed here to zone the landslide debris in primary (original) and secondary (modified) regions which are, respectively, attributed to the original shape of the landslide debris and the one reshaped by fluvial erosion. The zonal computation combines the density classes of the mapped primary (ridge and blocks) and secondary (gullies) landforms, according to assumed conditions for representativeness of primary and secondary zones. For validating the model, 62 soil samples taken from the debris surface were classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System standard, and the field density measurements were performed in 28 sites. Based on the classification results, six types of soils were detected, among which 68% of them were ML. The ML samples were aggregated into five subgroups based on their relative proximity, and for each subgroup, four permeability tests were performed. The permeability results demonstrate that the high permeability values are associated with secondary zones, while low values with primary ones, thus confirming the zonation proposed by the statistical approach. The study of the spatial arrangement of the kinematic evidence on the primary landforms allowed to deduce that the landslide was a double-step single event, which infilled a paleo-valley enclosed by two anticline folds. During the emplacement, a part of the debris dissipated its energy over passing the anticlines with divergent directions, NW and NE, while the rest swept back into the Seymareh paleo-valley into the SE direction. The proposed approach represents a promising tool for the detection of primary landforms to assess the emplacement kinematics of landslides.
Investigating the Performance of Solar Steam Generation Using a Carbonized Cotton-Based Evaporator
Authors: Chen Haoming , Chen Yuchao , Zang Jinqi , Sha Changchang , Xiao Yupeng , Wang Wenju , Wang Haihou , Wu Juai 
Published: May 2022

Solar-driven steam generation as a potential green technology has attracted extensive attention to solve the freshwater scarcity crisis. Photothermal materials as the key section of solar steam generation have been widely reported. However, there is still a challenge in developing easily prepared, environmental-friendly, and low-cost materials. Herein, the simple, scalable, and porous carbonized cotton was prepared as an evaporator to enhance solar-based evaporation, which has excellent light absorption ability in the range of the full spectrum (300–2,500 nm). Benefiting from 95% solar absorption and the pores between the cellulose tubes, the carbonized cotton heated by plate carbonization reaches a steam generation rate of 0.8 kg m−2 h−1, which is about 5 times that of untreated cotton. Compared with tube furnace carbonization, flat plate heating carbonization of cotton requires lower equipment requirements and does not need nitrogen protection and cleaning tar, and the photothermal conversion efficiencies of both are similar. In addition, carbonized cotton as an evaporator was heated up rapidly under 1 sun irradiation and reached a stable temperature in 20 s, greatly improving the photothermal conversion rate. Therefore, plate heating carbonized cotton provides a good idea for preparing solar photothermal conversion materials and a novel strategy for simplifying the production of biomass thermal evaporators.