bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatological adverse effects of anti‐glaucoma eye drops: a review
Authors: Patchinsky A. , Petitpain N. , Gillet P. , Angioi‐Duprez K. , Schmutz J.L. , Bursztejn A.C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany patients are treated for glaucoma. Like other drugs, anti‐glaucoma eye drops may induce dermatological adverse effects. We aim to review the dermatological adverse effects secondary to the active agents in anti‐glaucoma eye drops through a literature review. In January 2020, we queried PubMed using the following MeSH terms: glaucoma/drug therapy or glaucoma, open angle/drug therapy cross‐referenced with parasympathomimetics/adverse effects or adrenergic agonists/adverse effects or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/adverse effects or prostaglandins F, synthetic/adverse effects or adrenergic beta antagonists/adverse effects or ophthalmic solutions/adverse effects. The initial search identified 1128 studies, of which 49 were excluded for being in a foreign language, 15 for not involving eye drops, 968 for not focusing on adverse dermatological effects, and 11 for insufficient documentation or redundancy. After adding 38 linked studies, we finally analyzed 123 studies. The ocular and periocular dermatological adverse effects of eye drops are contact dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, prostaglandin analog periorbitopathy, mucous membrane pemphigoid, eyelash depigmentation, skin hypertrichosis, and rare cases of melanoma and skin depigmentation. The reported distant dermatological adverse effects are psoriasis, excessive sweating, lichen planus, alopecia, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, erythroderma, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, nail pigmentation, and bullous pemphigoid. Most of the cutaneous adverse effects of anti‐glaucoma eye drops are ocular and periocular and induced by prostaglandin analogs. Distant adverse effects are rare and sometimes questionable but should be kept in mind, especially mucous membrane pemphigoid, which could lead to blindness. The role of preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, should also be considered.
Three scleral ossicles in the West African Denticle herring Denticeps clupeoides (Clupeiformes: Denticipitidae)
Authors: Kubicek Kole M. , Britz Ralf , Pinion Amanda K. , Bower Luke M. , Conway Kevin W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe eyes of teleostean fishes typically exhibit two ossifications, the anterior and posterior sclerotics, both associated with the scleral cartilage. The West African Denticle herring Denticeps clupeoides has three scleral ossifications, including the typical two associated with the scleral cartilage (anterior and posterior sclerotic) and a third ossification (Di Dario's ossicle), spatially separated from the scleral cartilage and located within the anteromedial wall of the sclera. The medial rectus muscle inserts on the medial surface of Di Dario's ossicle, suggesting that this third sclerotic may play a role in forward rotation of the eye in this surface feeding fish.
Evaluating immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 in nursing home residents using saliva IgG
Authors: Katz Morgan J. , Heaney Christopher D. , Pisanic Nora , Smith Leigh , Bigelow Benjamin F. , Sheikh Fatima , Boudreau Alec , Kruczynski Kate , Hsu Yea‐Jen , Salinas Alejandra B. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Rock Clare 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 circulating variants coupled with waning immunity pose a significant threat to the long‐term care (LTC) population. Our objective was to measure salivary IgG antibodies in residents and staff of an LTC facility to (1) evaluate IgG response in saliva post‐natural infection and vaccination and (2) assess its feasibility to describe the seroprevalence over time.MethodsWe performed salivary IgG sampling of all residents and staff who agreed to test in a 150‐bed skilled nursing facility during three seroprevalence surveys between October 2020 and February 2021. The facility had SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks in May 2020 and November 2020, when 45 of 138 and 37 of 125 residents were infected, respectively; they offered two Federal vaccine clinics in January 2021. We evaluated quantitative IgG in saliva to the Nucleocapsid (N), Spike (S), and Receptor‐binding domain (RBD) Antigens of SARS‐CoV‐2 over time post‐infection and post‐vaccination.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐four residents and 28 staff underwent saliva serologic testing on one or more survey visits. Over three surveys, the SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence at the facility was 49%, 64%, and 81%, respectively. IgG to S, RBD, and N Antigens all increased post infection. Post vaccination, the infection naïve group did not have a detectable N IgG level, and N IgG levels for the previously infected did not increase post vaccination (p < 0.001). Fully vaccinated subjects with prior COVID‐19 infection had significantly higher RBD and S IgG responses compared with those who were infection‐naïve prior to vaccination (p < 0.001 for both).ConclusionsPositive SARS‐COV‐2 IgG in saliva was concordant with prior infection (Anti N, S, RBD) and vaccination (Anti S, RBD) and remained above positivity threshold for up to 9 months from infection. Salivary sampling is a non‐invasive method of tracking immunity and differentiating between prior infection and vaccination to inform the need for boosters in LTC residents and staff.
The Effect of Inflation on Wage Inequality: A North–South Monetary Model of Endogenous Growth with International Trade
Authors: AFONSO OSCAR , SEQUEIRA TIAGO 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the effects of inflation on intra‐ and intercounty wage inequality, specialization, and growth, using a North–South endogenous growth model with international trade and money. The relationship between inflation and intracountry wage inequality depends on firms' credit constraints and on the inflation levels. Our results indicate that inflation decreases specialization in skilled production and increases intracountry wage inequality. Moreover, increasing inflation in the South increases the wage inequality gap between countries. Theoretical results are confirmed through calibration and match with existing empirical evidence.
Morphology of joints and patterns of cartilage calcification in the endoskeleton of the batoid Raja cf. polystigma
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E. , Reguzzoni Marcella , Manconi Renata , Zecca Piero Antonio , Zarattini Guido , Campagnolo Monica , Raspanti Mario 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe skeleton of the batoid fish consists of a mixture of calcified and uncalcified cartilage with a typical layout of mineral deposition toward the outer border, leaving an uncalcified central core in most of the skeleton segments. An exception is observed in the radials, where mineral deposition is central. Joints and endoskeleton segments were studied in two adult samples of Raja cf. polystigma. Histomorphology, mineral deposition pattern, and zonal chondrocyte duplication activity were compared among several endoskeleton segments, but with particular attention to the fin rays; in the first, the uncalcified cartilage is central with an outer layer ranging from mineralized tesserae to a continuous calcified coating, whereas in the second, the uncalcified cartilage surrounds one or more central calcified columns. The diarthroses have a joint cavity closed by a fibrous capsule and the sliding surfaces rest on the base of mineralized tesserae, whereas the interradial amphiarthroses show a layer of densely packed chondrocytes between the flat, calcified discs forming the base of neighboring radials. In the endoskeleton segments, three types of tesserae are distinguished, characterizing the phases of skeletal growth and mineralization which present differences in each endoskeleton segment. The chondrocyte density between central core, subtesseral layer, and radial external cartilage did not show significant differences, while there was a significant difference in chondrocyte density between the latter zones and the type c tesserae of the pelvic girdle. The histomorphology and morphometry observed in Raja cf. polystigma suggest a model of cartilage growth associated with structural stiffening without remodeling. A key point of this model is suggested to be the incomplete mineralization of the tesseral layer and the continuous growth of cartilage, both enabling fluid diffusion through the matrix fibril network of scattered, uncalcified cartilage zones inside and between the tesserae.
Complications following novel therapies for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Skribek Marcus , Rounis Konstantinos , Tsakonas Georgios , Ekman Simon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors has paved a new era for the management of non‐small cell lung cancer, which has for many years lacked major clinical breakthroughs. Historically, 5‐year overall survival remained below 5% in individuals with metastatic disease. These novel treatments have led to significant prolongation of survival in the locally advanced and metastatic setting, exceeding 25% in selected populations. However, they present new challenges to clinicians due to their inherently different spectrum of toxicity unique to each specific drug's pharmacodynamic profile. Internists commonly come across these side effects in their daily clinical practice. Their optimal recognition and management are of utmost importance, because it is associated with significant improvements in patient survival outcomes and their quality of life. The aim of this review is to summarize the complications following these novel treatments for non–small cell lung cancer.
A survey of patients’ concerns about visiting the dentist and how dentists can help
Authors: Calladine Hannah , Currie Charlotte C , Penlington Chris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRegular dental attendance is important in order to receive preventive care, maintain good oral health and identify oral and dental disease at an early stage; however, many people do not visit their dentist regularly. Barriers to regular attendance have been studied in small patient groups but not in the wider general population.ObjectiveTo outline concerns about visiting the dentist and suggestions about how dentists could help using a general population sample.MethodA survey was constructed using Qualtrics XM software and circulated. Respondents completed questionnaires about dental anxiety and about their concerns and suggestions around dental appointments including the option for free‐text answers.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐four people completed the survey. Common concerns were the unknown element (62.58%) and worries about ‘bad teeth’ (60.54%). The most popular request for change was for dentists to inform patients of the condition of all their teeth including those in good health (86.30%). A thematic analysis of qualitative responses identified themes of control, shame, discomfort, long‐term impact and cost. Several concerns and suggestions for improvement were expressed.ConclusionAlthough the pain associated with dental treatment was identified as important, concerns about the unknown and feeling vulnerable were seen as a higher priority. People in the general population want dentists to help them to feel informed and in control at dental appointments and to be involved in discussions about how they are feeling and what is important to them.
Asymmetric information and insurance cycles
Authors: Dicks David L. , Garven James R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper extends the theoretical literature on underwriting cycles by assuming insurers have heterogeneous exposure to a catastrophe. Distinct from the existing literature on insurance cycles, we model optimal contracting by competitive insurers. Since losses take time to pay out, and insurers are better informed about their catastrophe exposure than external investors, catastrophes compromise the capital‐raising ability of insurers by increasing asymmetric information. Capital is restricted following a catastrophe because investors do not know the catastrophe exposure of each insurer, not because of explicit costs of raising capital. Thus, insurers decide to hold less capital following a catastrophe, giving rise to the insurance cycle.
Relationship between reticular pH parameters and potential on‐farm indicators in the early lactation of dairy cows
Authors: Zschiesche Marleen , Mensching André , Jansen Henrike Maria , Sharifi Ahmad Reza , Albers Dirk , Hummel Jürgen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSubacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is an important nutritional disorder affecting animal welfare and economy of milk production. Definitions rely on ruminal pH but due to limitations of its measurement, indicators reflecting low pH are highly desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between reticular pH and 18 on‐farm indicators in milk, blood, faeces, urine and chewing behaviour in early lactating dairy cows. Ten farms were visited for 3 weeks and in total samples of 100 cows (10 per farm) were taken. The statistics and graphical visualization were performed using Pearson correlation and linear regression models on an animal individual level as well as with linear mixed models. Eight indicators (milk fat, fat‐to‐protein ratio, rumination time, feed intake time, rumination frequency, rumination boluses, lying time and faecal pH) were statistically significant associated with the daily animal individual reticular pH average. However, none of the models including the potential explanatory variables explained more than 5% of the pH variations. The study confirms the necessity of pH measurement to detect SARA risk animals in early lactation dairy cows.
The Procrustean fitting of trade marks under the requirements of clear and precise subject‐matter in the EU trade mark law—A case of position marks
Authors: Brancusi Lavinia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the European Union Trademark law (EUTM), clear and precise subject‐matter of a trade mark is a prerequisite of proper filing and determines the conditions and scope of protection. Registration rules have evolved together with the meaning of this standard. The paper examines the legal status of position marks, which lacked their own registration specifics within initial EUTM, and thus were usually filed through other categories (figurative, colour, three‐dimensional), and contrasts this practice with the registration scheme of the new law. The analysis looks into the effects of Court of Justice's guidance when retroactively applied to trade marks registered upon earlier law. The exemplary case of a blade of grass inside a bottle is used to map the meaning of ‘unaligned’ description and/or indication vis‐à‐vis the prime relevance of (graphic) representation. The final part explores how identifying the subject‐matter of a position mark has an impact on assessing its distinctiveness, engaging within functionality objections and proving genuine use. The paper advocates for refraining from applying a fixed understanding of the requirement of clear and precise subject‐matter, especially with regard to old registrations, and, a fortiori, to flexible subject‐matter, such as position signs.
The effect of a medical student on community preceptor productivity
Authors: Hatfield Jess , Neal Gabriel , Isbell Teresa , Dickey Danielle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical students are increasingly being taught in community‐based hospitals and clinics in addition to university‐based health systems, and there is sustained interest in the question of whether medical schools should pay healthcare organizations to allow students to precept to compensate for loss of productivity by preceptors. This study aimed to inform this subject by investigating the effect of medical students on preceptor productivity.MethodsThe authors analysed retrospective data on preceptor productivity and time efficiency from 17 outpatient primary care physicians over 7 months and 38,205 patient visits. Then, the authors surveyed these same physicians to assess how they believe precepting medical students affected their productivity.ResultsThe retrospective data analysis found that physicians see slightly more patients per half‐day when accompanied by a student. In surveys, these physicians reported the same number of patients seen per half‐day with or without a medical student, but more time spent in clinic with a medical student. They also reported that allowing students to document in the medical record often helped reduce/offset the lengthened workday.ConclusionsMedical students either increase or do not change the number of patients seen per half‐day but can increase preceptor time spent in clinic per day. Generally, physicians accept this increased time for the sake of promoting education and the joy of teaching. These findings can inform medical schools and healthcare organizations when negotiating financial arrangements for preceptorships in community based primary care clinics. Specifically, these findings suggest that medical students precepting do not cost the hospital organization in terms of preceptor productivity.
A SPX domain‐containing phosphate transporter from Rhizophagus irregularis handles phosphate homeostasis at symbiotic interface of arbuscular mycorrhizas
Authors: Xie Xianan , Lai Wenzhen , Che Xianrong , Wang Sijia , Ren Ying , Hu Wentao , Chen Hui , Tang Ming 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Reciprocal symbiosis of > 70% of terrestrial vascular plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi provides the fungi with fatty acids and sugars. In return, AM fungi facilitate plant phosphate (Pi) uptake from soil. However, how AM fungi handle Pi transport and homeostasis at the symbiotic interface of AM symbiosis is poorly understood.

Here, we identify an SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) domain‐containing phosphate transporter, RiPT7 from Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize the RiPT7 transporter, we combined subcellular localization and heterologous expression studies in yeasts with reverse genetics approaches during the in planta phase.

The results show that RiPT7 is conserved across fungal species and expressed in the intraradical mycelia. It is expressed in the arbuscules, intraradical hyphae and vesicles, independently of Pi availability. The plasma membrane‐localized RiPT7 facilitates bidirectional Pi transport, depending on Pi gradient across the plasma membrane, whereas the SPX domain of RiPT7 inhibits Pi transport activity and mediates the vacuolar targeting of RiPT7 in yeast in response to Pi starvation. Importantly, RiPT7 silencing hampers arbuscule development of R. irregularis and symbiotic Pi delivery under medium‐ to low‐Pi conditions.

Collectively, our findings reveal a role for RiPT7 in fine‐tuning of Pi homeostasis across the fungal membrane to maintain the AM development.
2019 Chinese expert consensus statement on left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ben He , Changsheng Ma , Shulin Wu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), the efficacy and safety of which has been proved by a number of randomized controlled trials and registries, is recommended by several guidelines to prevent stroke in high‐risk patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation. However, current guidelines only discuss the indications and contraindications of LAAC, as an emerging technology, there still lacks comprehensive recommendations involved with LAAC, including devices, image assessment modality, identification and treatment of complications, perioperative medication, and postoperative management. Therefore, the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) of Chinese Medical Association (CMA) and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology jointly issued the expert consensus statement on LAAC in the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation after comprehensive discussion by experts with different backgrounds. This consensus provided three levels of recommendations to guide and standardize the clinical application of LAAC based on existing evidence and clinical practice experience, including appropriate (more potential benefits or fewer harms), uncertain (somehow reasonable but need more evidence), and inappropriate (unlikely to benefit, or have more complications).
Trends and patterns in the practice of pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in Japan: A longitudinal descriptive study from 2012 to 2019
Authors: Tsuji Tatsuya , Sato Izumi , Kamimura Yuji , Ota Haruko , Takeda Chikashi , Sobue Kazuya , Kawakami Koji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging is a standard practice; however, there are few studies on its trends and patterns.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the trends and patterns of pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging in Japan and determine the incidence of and risk factors for adverse events/interventions.MethodsThis longitudinal descriptive study assessed children (age < 15 years) who underwent sedation for magnetic resonance imaging between April 2012 and December 2019 in Japan using a nationwide claims database. We assessed the patients' demographic characteristics, time trends in sedatives, sedative patterns by age, and adverse events/interventions within two post‐sedation days. Further, we used multivariable logistic regression models to explore factors related to the incidence of adverse events/interventions.ResultsWe identified 29 187 cases (median age, 2.0 years; 55.2% males). The most common sedative was triclofos sodium (n = 18 812, 51.7%). There was an increasing trend in barbiturate use (17.0% [2012] to 25.0% [2019]) and decreasing trends in the use of triclofos sodium (56.4% [2012] to 47.7% [2019]) and chloral hydrate (15.6% [2012] to 10.8% [2019]). We identified 534 adverse events/interventions in 460 cases (1.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the incidence of adverse events/interventions mainly increased with the number of sedatives (≥3; adjusted odds ratio, 5.10; 95% confidence interval, 3.67–7.10) and unscheduled setting (adjusted odds ratio, 6.28; 95% confidence interval, 4.85–8.61); further, it decreased with high hospital procedure volume (adjusted odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–0.78).ConclusionsBased on a Japanese real‐world setting, there is an increasing trend in barbiturate use and decreasing trends in the use of triclofos sodium and chloral hydrate in pediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging. Low hospital procedure volumes were associated with an increased risk of adverse events/interventions.
Artificial intelligence and melanoma: A comprehensive review of clinical, dermoscopic, and histologic applications
Authors: Stiff Katherine M. , Franklin Matthew J. , Zhou Yufei , Madabhushi Anant , Knackstedt Thomas J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMelanoma detection, prognosis, and treatment represent challenging and complex areas of cutaneous oncology with considerable impact on patient outcomes and healthcare economics. Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in these tasks are rapidly developing. Neural networks with increasing levels of sophistication are being implemented in clinical image, dermoscopic image, and histopathologic specimen classification of pigmented lesions. These efforts hold promise of earlier and highly accurate melanoma detection, as well as reliable prognostication and prediction of therapeutic response. Herein, we provide a brief introduction to AI, discuss contemporary investigational applications of AI in melanoma, and summarize challenges encountered with AI.