bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinson’s disease – palliative care needs assessment tool: adaptation and psychometric testing
Authors: Richfield Edward William , Allgar Victoria , Girgis Afaf , Johnson Miriam J 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveParkinson’s disease is a progressive, life-limiting disease, which benefits from structured palliative care. Systematic recognition and triage of needs helps facilitate care, allows focused referral to specialist palliative care and aids sustainability of services. Existing palliative care tools for Parkinson’s are patient/caregiver completed and focus on quantification rather than identification of the need. The Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease in Cancer was designed for rapid identification of unmet needs in cancer. We describe adaptation and psychometric testing of the tool for Parkinson’s disease (NAT:Parkinson’s disease).MethodsSet in secondary care, Parkinson’s disease outpatient clinics in the UK, this study included people with Parkinson’s, age >18, including all disease stages. People with atypical Parkinsonian syndromes were excluded. Adaptation was made using systematic review and focus groups. Construct validity was tested in 50 consecutive patients against established patient and caregiver measures, analysed with Kendall’s Tau B. Inter-rater reliability, using video consultations, were calculated in broad range of clinicians involved in Parkinson’s disease care using a weighted kappa; 0–0.2=slight, 0.21–0.40=fair, 0.41–0.60=moderate, 0.61–0.80=substantial and p<0.05 indicative of statistically significant agreement.ResultsValidity was substantial for two, moderate for five and fair for four constructs. Inter-rater reliability was substantial for one, moderate for three and fair for six constructs. Two constructs failing to demonstrate fair reliability did show very high percentage agreement.ConclusionFindings support the suitability of the NAT:Parkinson’s disease for everyday clinical use in the identification and triage of unmet palliative need for people with Parkinson’s disease.
End-of-life and immediate postdeath acute hospital interventions: scoping review
Authors: Green Laura , Stewart-Lord Adele , Baillie Lesley 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHospital remains the most common place of death in the UK, but there are ongoing concerns about the quality of end-of-life care provision in this setting. Evaluation of interventions in the last days of life or after a bereavement is methodologically and ethically challenging.AimThe aim was to describe interventions at the very end of life and in the immediate bereavement period in acute hospitals, with a particular focus on how these are evaluated.MethodA scoping review was conducted. Studies were restricted to peer-reviewed original research or literature reviews, published between 2011 and 2021, and written in the English language. Databases searched were CINAHL, Medline and Psychinfo.ResultsFrom the search findings, 42 studies were reviewed, including quantitative (n=7), qualitative (n=14), mixed method (n=4) and literature reviews (n=17). Much of the current research about hospital-based bereavement care is derived from the intensive and critical care settings. Three themes were identified: (1) person-centred/family-centred care (memorialisation), (2) institutional approaches (quality of the environment, leadership, system-wide approaches and culture), (3) infrastructure and support systems (transdisciplinary working and staff support). There were limited studies on interventions to support staff.ConclusionCurrently, there are few comprehensive tools for evaluating complex service interventions in a way that provides meaningful transferable data. Quantitative studies do not capture the complexity inherent in this form of care. Further qualitative studies would offer important insights into the interventions.
Cancer survivors and neurotoxic chemotherapy: hearing loss and tinnitus
Authors: Cheung Steven , Henderson-Sabes Jennifer , Mastick Judith , Abrams Gary , Snowberg Karin , Alfaro Emely , Quinn Marisa , Paul Steven , Cooper Bruce , Wallhagen Margaret , Conley Yvette , Levine Jon , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesLittle is known about hearing loss and tinnitus associated with neurotoxic chemotherapy. Study evaluated for differences in occurrence rates and effects of hearing loss and tinnitus in survivors who received a platinum alone, a taxane alone or a platinum and taxane containing regimen.MethodsTotal of 273 survivors with breast, gastrointestinal, gynaecological or lung cancer completed self-report measures of hearing loss and tinnitus and had an audiometric assessment that obtained pure tone air conduction thresholds bilaterally at frequencies of between 0.25 kHz to 16.0 kHz. To adjust for age-related and gender-related changes in hearing, each survivor’s audiogram was evaluated using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-modified Occupational Safety and Health Administration standards. Survivor was classified as having hearing loss if at any frequency they scored poorer than the 50th percentile for their age and gender. Survivors were categorised as having tinnitus if they reported that for>10% of their time awake, they were consciously aware of their tinnitus. Differences among the chemotherapy groups were evaluated using parametric and non-parametric tests.ResultsFor most of the demographic and clinical characteristics, no differences were found among the three chemotherapy groups. Occurrence rates for audiogram-confirmed hearing loss ranged from 52.3% to 71.4%. Occurrence rates for tinnitus ranged from 37.1% to 40.0%. No differences were found among the three chemotherapy groups in the occurrence rates or effects of hearing loss and tinnitus.ConclusionThese findings suggest that regardless of the chemotherapy regimen common mechanistic pathway(s) may underlie these two neurotoxicities.
Patient outcomes following emergency admission to hospital for COVID-19 compared with influenza: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Woodcock Thomas , Greenfield Geva , Lalvani Ajit , Majeed Azeem , Aylin Paul 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundWe examine differences in posthospitalisation outcomes, and health system resource use, for patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the UK’s first pandemic wave in 2020, and influenza during 2018 and 2019.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used routinely collected primary and secondary care data. Outcomes, measured for 90 days follow-up after discharge were length of stay in hospital, mortality, emergency readmission and primary care activity.ResultsThe study included 5132 patients admitted to hospital as an emergency, with COVID-19 and influenza cohorts comprising 3799 and 1333 patients respectively. Patients in the COVID-19 cohort were more likely to stay in hospital longer than 10 days (OR 3.91, 95% CI 3.14 to 4.65); and more likely to die in hospital (OR 11.85, 95% CI 8.58 to 16.86) and within 90 days of discharge (OR 7.92, 95% CI 6.20 to 10.25). For those who survived, rates of emergency readmission within 90 days were comparable between COVID-19 and influenza cohorts (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.29), while primary care activity was greater among the COVID-19 cohort (incidence rate ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.37).ConclusionsPatients admitted for COVID-19 were more likely to die, more likely to stay in hospital for over 10 days and interact more with primary care after discharge, than patients admitted for influenza. However, readmission rates were similar for both groups. These findings, while situated in the context of the first wave of COVID-19, with the associated pressures on the health system, can inform health service planning for subsequent waves of COVID-19, and show that patients with COVID-19 interact more with healthcare services as well as having poorer outcomes than those with influenza.
Minimizing the phase structure of quark mass matrices
Authors: Awasthi Nikhila , Kumar Manoj , Randhawa Monika , Gupta Manmohan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFritzsch–Xing matrices are a particular class of texture 4 zero hermitian quark mass matrices, known to be successful in accommodating the quark mixing data. In the present work, it is shown that these texture 4-zero matrices with only one phase parameter, unlike the usually considered two phase parameters, are not only consistent with the latest experimental quark mixing data, but also predict the CP violation parameters, J and corresponding phase $$\delta $$
δ
, in agreement with the recent global analyses. We also show that the mass matrix elements do not exhibit a strong hierarchy and there is a strong correlation between some of the mass matrix elements of up and down sector. A precision measurement of $$\delta $$
δ
as well as small quark masses would have the potential to constrain the phase structure of the matrices further.
Brain Neural Progenitors are New Predictive Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Hormonotherapy
Authors: Basseville Agnes , Cordier Chiara , Ben Azzouz Fadoua , Gouraud Wilfried , Lasla Hamza , Panloup Fabien , Campone Mario , Jézéquel Pascal 
Published: July 2022

Heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is one of the major causes of treatment resistance in breast cancer. Among TME components, nervous system role in clinical outcome has been underestimated. Identifying neuronal signatures associated with treatment response will help to characterize neuronal influence on tumor progression and identify new treatment targets. The search for hormonotherapy-predictive biomarkers was implemented by supervised machine learning (ML) analysis on merged transcriptomics datasets from public databases. ML-derived genes were investigated by pathway enrichment analysis, and potential gene signatures were curated by removing the variables that were not strictly nervous system specific. The predictive and prognostic abilities of the generated signatures were examined by Cox models, in the initial cohort and seven external cohorts. Generated signature performances were compared with 14 other published signatures, in both the initial and external cohorts. Underlying biological mechanisms were explored using deconvolution tools (CIBERSORTx and xCell). Our pipeline generated two nervous system-related signatures of 24 genes and 97 genes (NervSign24 and NervSign97). These signatures were prognostic and hormonotherapy-predictive, but not chemotherapy-predictive. When comparing their predictive performance with 14 published risk signatures in six hormonotherapy-treated cohorts, NervSign97 and NervSign24 were the two best performers. Pathway enrichment score and deconvolution analysis identified brain neural progenitor presence and perineural invasion as nervous system-related mechanisms positively associated with NervSign97 and poor clinical prognosis in hormonotherapy-treated patients. Transcriptomic profiling has identified two nervous system–related signatures that were validated in clinical samples as hormonotherapy-predictive signatures, meriting further exploration of neuronal component involvement in tumor progression.Significance:The development of personalized and precision medicine is the future of cancer therapy. With only two gene expression signatures approved by FDA for breast cancer, we are in need of new ones that can reliably stratify patients for optimal treatment. This study provides two hormonotherapy-predictive and prognostic signatures that are related to nervous system in TME. It highlights tumor neuronal components as potential new targets for breast cancer therapy.
Mitochondrial Ca
2+
Uptake Drives Endothelial Injury By Radiation Therapy
Authors: Ait-Aissa Karima , Koval Olha M. , Lindsey Nathanial R. , Grumbach Isabella M. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Radiation therapy strongly increases the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease, such as carotid stenosis. Radiation induces DNA damage, in particular in mitochondria, but the upstream and downstream signaling events are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to define such mechanisms.

Methods:

Endothelial-specific MCU (mitochondrial Ca
2+
uniporter) knockout and C57Bl6/J mice with or without a preinfusion of a mitoTEMPO (mitochondrial reactive oxygen species [ROS] scavenger) were exposed to a single dose of cranial irradiation. 24, and 240 hours postirradiation, vascular reactivity, endothelial function, and mitochondrial integrity were assessed ex vivo and in vitro.

Results:

In cultured human endothelial cells, irradiation with 4 Gy increased cytosolic Ca
2+
transients and the mitochondrial Ca
2+
concentration ([Ca
2+
]
mt
) and activated MCU. These outcomes correlated with increases in mitochondrial ROS (
mt
ROS), loss of NO production, and sustained damage to mitochondrial but not nuclear DNA. Moreover, irradiation impaired activity of the ETC (electron transport chain) and the transcription of ETC subunits encoded by mitochondrial DNA (
mt
DNA). Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of MCU blocked irradiation-induced
mt
ROS production,
mt
DNA damage, loss of NO production, and impairment of ETC activity. Similarly, the pretreatment with mitoTEMPO, a scavenger of
mt
ROS, reduced irradiation-induced Ca
2+
entry, and preserved both the integrity of the
mt
DNA and the production of NO, suggesting a feed-forward loop involving [Ca
2+
]
m
and
mt
ROS. Enhancement of DNA repair in mitochondria, but not in the nucleus, was sufficient to block prolonged
mt
ROS elevations and maintain NO production. Consistent with the findings from cultured cells, in C57BL/6J mice, head and neck irradiation decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and
mt
DNA integrity in the carotid artery after irradiation. These effects were prevented by endothelial knockout of MCU or infusion with mitoTEMPO.

Conclusions:

Irradiation-induced damage to
mt
DNA is driven by MCU-dependent Ca
2+
influx and the generation of
mt
ROS. Such damage leads to reduced transcription of mitochondrial genes and activity of the ETC, promoting sustained
mt
ROS production that induces endothelial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that targeting MCU and
mt
ROS might be sufficient to mitigate irradiation-induced vascular disease.
Targeting PDE4B (Phosphodiesterase-4 Subtype B) for Cardioprotection in Acute Myocardial Infarction via Neutrophils and Microcirculation
Authors: Wan Qing , Xu Chuansheng , Zhu Liyuan , Zhang Yuze , Peng Zekun , Chen Hong , Rao Haojie , Zhang Erli , Wang Hongyue , Chu Fei , Ning Xuan , Yang Xuejian , Yuan Jinqing , Wu Yongjian , Huang Yu , Hu Shengshou , Liu De-Pei , Wang Miao 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Timely and complete restoration of blood flow is the most effective intervention for patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the efficacy is limited by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury. PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4) hydrolyzes intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate and it has 4 subtypes A-D. This study aimed to delineate the role of PDE4B (phosphodiesterase-4 subtype B) in MI/R injury.

Methods:
Mice were subjected to 30-minute coronary artery ligation, followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Cardiac perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler flow. Vasomotor reactivities were determined in mouse and human coronary (micro-)arteries.

Results:
Cardiac expression of PDE4B, but not other PDE4 subtypes, was increased in mice following reperfusion. PDE4B was detected primarily in endothelial and myeloid cells of mouse and human hearts. PDE4B deletion strikingly reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function 24-hour or 28-day after MI/R. PDE4B in bone marrow–derived cells promoted MI/R injury and vascular PDE4B further exaggerated this injury. Mechanistically, PDE4B mediated neutrophil-endothelial cell interaction and PKA (protein kinase A)-dependent expression of cell adhesion molecules, neutrophil cardiac infiltration, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, PDE4B promoted coronary microcirculatory obstruction and vascular permeability in MI/R, without affecting flow restriction-induced thrombosis. PDE4B blockade increased flow-mediated vasodilatation and promoted endothelium-dependent dilatation of coronary arteries in a PKA- and nitric oxide–dependent manner. Furthermore, postischemia administration with piclamilast, a PDE4 pan-inhibitor, improved cardiac microcirculation, suppressed inflammation, and attenuated MI/R injury in mice. Incubation with sera from patients with acute myocardial infarction impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxations in human coronary microarteries, which was abolished by PDE4 inhibition. Similar protection against MI/R-related coronary injury was recapitulated in mice with PDE4B deletion or inhibition, but not with the pure vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside.

Conclusions:
PDE4B is critically involved in neutrophil inflammation and microvascular obstruction, leading to MI/R injury. Selective inhibition of PDE4B might protect cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction designated for reperfusion therapy.
Evaluations from Superiors Matter More: Evidence from Behavior and Event-related Potentials
Authors: Duan Ran , Li Zhurong , Hu Jiali , Li Peng , Warren Christopher M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As an essential feature of social groups, social hierarchies influence how people interact in daily life. However, it is unknown how external evaluations from peers at different levels in a social hierarchy influence feedback processing. In the current study, participants were instructed to establish a social hierarchy through a novel stick drawing task. With their status in the social hierarchy manipulated to be in the middle, participants received positive or negative evaluations from superiors and inferiors separately with ERPs signals recorded. Behaviorally, participants rated their happiness highest, and most quickly, after receiving positive evaluations from superiors. ERP results showed that P3 amplitude exhibited an interaction between social hierarchy and feedback valence, such that larger P3 amplitude was elicited by positive evaluations from superiors than any other condition, whereas the feedback-related negativity was only sensitive to the difference between high and low social statuses. Moreover, a generalized linear mixed model examining single-trial ERP data showed P3 amplitude correlated with happiness ratings as a function of feedback valence: a significant positive correlation in the positive feedback condition and a significant negative correlation in the negative feedback condition. P3 was also negatively correlated with RT across all conditions. These results demonstrate that brain activity associated with feedback processing predicted participants' emotion ratings and their decision time. Our study provides the first ERP evidence that positive feedback from superiors impacts neural activity related to reward processing differently than positive feedback from those of lower social standing.
The Neural Mechanism Underlying Visual Working Memory Training and Its Limited Transfer Effect
Authors: Cai Ying , Yang Can , Wang Sisi , Xue Gui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Visual working memory (VWM) training has been shown to improve performance in trained tasks with limited transfer to untrained tasks. The neural mechanism underlying this limited transfer remains unknown. In the present study, this issue was addressed by combining model-fitting methods with EEG recordings. Participants were trained on a color delay estimation task for 12 consecutive 1-hr sessions, and the transfer effect was evaluated with an orientation change detection task. The EEG responses during both tasks were collected in a pretraining test, a posttraining test conducted 1 day after training, and a follow-up test conducted 3 months after training. According to our model-fitting results, training significantly improved the capacity but not the precision of color working memory (WM), and this capacity improvement did not transfer to the orientation change detection task, spatial 2-back task, symmetry span task, or Raven reasoning test. The EEG results revealed that training resulted in a specific and sustained increase in parietal theta power suppression in the color WM task, which reflected individual color WM capacity. In contrast, the increase in parietal–temporal alpha power, which reflected individual orientation WM capacity, did not change with training. Together, these findings suggest that the simultaneous change of stimulus type and task structure would modulate the cognitive and neural substrates of WM tasks and introduce additional constraints for the transfer of WM training.
NGOs and the Effectiveness of Interventions
Authors: Usmani Faraz , Jeuland Marc , Pattanayak Subhrendu K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Programs implemented by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are often more effective than comparable efforts by other actors, yet relatively little is known about how implementer identity drives final outcomes. By combining a stratified field experiment in India with a triple-difference estimation strategy, we show that a local development NGO’s prior engagement with target communities increases the effectiveness of a technology promotion program implemented in these areas by at least 30%. This “NGO reputation effect” has implications for the generalizability and scalability of evidence from experimental research conducted with local implementation partners.
The Evolution of Technological Substitution in Low-Wage Labor Markets
Authors: Aaronson Daniel , Phelan Brian J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper uses minimum wage hikes to evaluate the susceptibility of low-wage employment to technological substitution. We find that automation is accelerating and supplanting a broader set of low-wage routine jobs since the 2008–2009 financial crisis. Simultaneously, low-wage interpersonal jobs are increasing and offsetting routine job loss. However, interpersonal job growth does not appear to be enough, as it was prior to the financial crisis, to fully offset the negative effects of automation on low-wage routine jobs. Employment losses are most evident among non-Asian people of color who experience outsized losses at routine jobs and smaller gains at interpersonal jobs.
The Price of Inclusion: Evidence from Housing Developer Behavior
Authors: Soltas Evan J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In many cities, incentives and regulations lead developers to integrate low-income housing into market-rate buildings. How cost-effective are these policies? I study take-up of a tax incentive in New York City using a model in which developers trade off between tax savings and pretax income. Estimating the model using policy variation and microdata on development from 2003 to 2015, I find a citywide marginal fiscal cost of $1.6 million per low-income unit. Differences in neighborhoods, not developer incidence, explain the cost premium over other housing programs. Weighing costs against estimates of neighborhood effects, I conclude middle-class neighborhoods offer “opportunity bargains.”
“Have You Been Recruited Because You Are a Woman or Because You Are Good?” Gendered Humanitarian Diplomats at the United Nations
Authors: Turunen Salla 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines gender equality in humanitarian diplomacy. To date, there has been no discussion of gender in relation to humanitarian diplomacy, which stands in contrast to an existing body of literature on gender and diplomacy. Gender is often discussed in relation to the recipients of humanitarian initiatives, but less is known about how gender impacts aid providers. This article argues that alike diplomacy as a masculine field with homosocial tendencies, these characteristics are also found in humanitarian diplomacy. Based on interviews with staff of the United Nations (UN) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (ocha), this exploratory case study of the UN’s gendered humanitarian diplomacy finds the following: In contrast to the UN’s mission of promoting gender equality, the current practices place men as the norm and women as the exception in the organization’s humanitarian diplomacy.