bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of platelet concentrates prepared from whole blood donations with collection times between 12 and 15 min: The BEST Collaborative study
Authors: de Korte Dirk , Bontekoe Ido J. , Fitzpatrick Áine , Marks Denese , Wood Ben , Gravemann Ute , Bohoněk Miloš , Kutner Jose M. ,   The Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn many countries, whole blood (WB) donations with collection times between 12 and 15 min are not allowed to be used for platelet concentrates (PC). Since the development of guidelines, many process‐related changes have been introduced. We aimed to determine the effect of WB with long collection times on PC quality.Materials and MethodsFive participating centres tested buffy coat (BC)‐derived PC in platelet additive solution type E prepared from only WB collections lasting <12 min (control) versus similar PC including one BC from a collection lasting >12 min (study group, n = 8). One centre produced platelet‐rich plasma (PRP)‐derived PC from single donations (<10 or >12 min). All PC were stored at 22 ± 2°C and sampled on Days 1, 6 and 8 post‐collection for in vitro quality determination.ResultsAverage collection time was significantly longer in the study group compared to controls (8.9 ± 2.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.3 min, p < 0.001). There were no differences in volume, platelet concentration, basal CD62P expression, soluble‐CD62P and CCL5 levels, or nucleotide content between the groups. Stimulation with TRAP‐6 resulted in comparable levels of cell surface CD62P. On Day 8, all PC fulfilled requirements for pH. The findings from single PRP‐derived PC centre were similar.ConclusionPC with one BC and single PRP derived from collections lasting >12 min had equivalent in vitro quality to controls during storage. This study provides evidence that 12–15 min donations should not be excluded for PC preparation and justifies to readdress the guidelines to <15 min instead of <12 min of collection in line with current practice in some countries.
Measurement of renal cortical thickness using ultrasound in normal dogs: a reference range study considering bodyweight and body condition score
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Kim Sung‐Soo , Kwon Danbee , Cho Youngkwon , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe renal cortical thickness (RCT) reflects the pathological condition of the kidney, and measuring this parameter can help diagnose renal fibrosis in dogs. The normal reference range of RCT in dogs is broad (3–8 mm) because of the extreme diversity in body size. Therefore, this retrospective, reference interval, and observational design study aimed to establish a normal reference range for RCT in dogs measured using ultrasound by considering bodyweight (BW), body surface area (BSA), body condition score (BCS), and abdominal aorta (Ao) diameter. A total of 60 dogs met the inclusion criteria, and abdominal ultrasound images and medical records of these dogs were analyzed. RCT was measured at 1–3 points where the renal capsule and broad base of the medullary pyramid were clearly observed. Ao diameter was measured caudal to the branch of the left renal artery in the mid‐sagittal view. The RCT showed positive correlations with BW and BSA and a negative correlation with BCS, which can be described as follows: RCT (mm) = 0.131 × BW − 0.166 × BCS + 3.580. The RCT:Ao ratio was 0.70 ± 0.09 (mean ± standard deviation). No significant differences were found in the RCT:Ao ratio depending on BW or BCS. In conclusion, the RCT:Ao ratio and relative RCT considering both BW and BCS are potentially useful for evaluating the normality of the renal cortex on ultrasound examination in dogs with various physiques.
The Effect of Different Occupational Background Noises on Voice Recognition Accuracy
Authors: Li Song , Yerebakan Mustafa Ozkan , Luo Yue , Amaba Ben , Swope William , Hu Boyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVoice recognition has become an integral part of our lives, commonly used in call centers and as part of virtual assistants. However, voice recognition is increasingly applied to more industrial uses. Each of these use cases has unique characteristics that may impact the effectiveness of voice recognition, which could impact industrial productivity, performance, or even safety. One of the most prominent among them is the unique background noises that are dominant in each industry. The existence of different machinery and different work layouts are primary contributors to this. Another important characteristic is the type of communication that is present in these settings. Daily communication often involves longer sentences uttered under relatively silent conditions, whereas communication in industrial settings is often short and conducted in loud conditions. In this study, we demonstrated the importance of taking these two elements into account by comparing the performances of two voice recognition algorithms under several background noise conditions: a regular Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based voice recognition algorithm to an Auto Speech Recognition (ASR)-based model with a denoising module. Our results indicate that there is a significant performance drop between the typical background noise use (white noise) and the rest of the background noises. Also, our custom ASR model with the denoising module outperformed the CNN-based model with an overall performance increase between 14–35% across all background noises. Both results give proof that specialized voice recognition algorithms need to be developed for these environments to reliably deploy them as control mechanisms.
Effects of Rotation on the Flow Structure in a Compressor Cascade
Authors: Ventosa-Molina Jordi , Koppe Björn , Lange Martin , Mailach Ronald , Fröhlich Jochen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In turbomachines, rotors and stators differ by the rotation of the former. Hence, half of each stage is directly influenced by rotation effects. The influence of rotation on the flow structure and its impact on the performance is studied through wall-resolving large Eddy simulations of a rotor with large relative tip gap size. The simulations are performed in a rotating frame with rotation accounted for through a Coriolis force term. In a first step, experimental results are used to provide validation. The main part of the study is the comparison of the results from two simulations, one representing the rotating configuration and one with the Coriolis force removed, without any other change. This setup allows a very clean assessment of the influence of rotation. The turbulence-resolving approach ensures that the turbulent flow features are well represented. The results show a significant impact of rotation on the secondary flow. In the tip region, the tip leakage vortex is enlarged and destabilized. Inside the tip gap, the flow is altered as well, with uniformization in the rotating case. At the blade midspan, no significant effects are observed on the suction side, while an earlier transition to turbulence is found on the pressure side. Near the hub, rotation effects are shown to reduce the corner separation significantly.
Jump Bifurcation Phenomenon During Varying Wind Speeds in Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Jose Alwin , Falzarano Jeffrey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are susceptible to instability which has come to be called negative damping. Conventional land-based wind turbine controllers when used with FOWTs may cause large-amplitude platform pitch oscillations. Most controllers have since been improved to reduce motions due to this phenomenon. In this paper, the motions induced using one of the original controllers are studied. The current study is performed using the coupled time-domain program FAST-SIMDYN that was developed in Marine Dynamics Laboratory (MDL) at Texas A&M University. It can study large-amplitude motions of floating offshore wind turbines. FOWTs use various controller algorithms of operation based on the available wind speed depending on various power output objectives i.e., to either maximize or level out power absorption. It is observed that the transition region for controllers is often chaotic. So, most studies focus on operations away from the transition region below and above the transition wind speeds. Here, we study the transition region using the theoretical insight of nonlinear motion response of structures. This study reveals the presence of a very interesting and potentially hazardous nonlinear phenomenon, bifurcation. This finding could help explain the chaotic motion response that is observed in the transition region of controllers. Understanding the nature and cause of bifurcation could prove very useful for the future design of FOWT controllers.
Effects of Backpressure on the Performance of Internal Combustion Engine and Automobile Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Quan Rui , Yue Yousheng , Huang Zikang , Chang Yufang , Deng Yadong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The maximum generated power of automobile exhaust thermoelectric generator (AETEG) can be enhanced by applying inserted fins to its heat exchanger, because the temperature difference of thermoelectric modules (TEMs) is increased. However, the added heat exchanger will result in undesired backpressure, which may deteriorate the performance of the internal combustion engine (ICE). To evaluate the backpressure on the performance of both the ICE and the AETEG, the model of ICE integrated with AETEG was established with the GT-power software and validated with the AETEG test bench. The heat exchangers with chaos shape and fishbone shape were proposed, their pressure drop with different engine speeds was studied, and their effects on the performance of both the AETEG and the ICE were analyzed. The results show that compared with the fishbone-shaped structure, the pressure drop of chaos-shaped heat exchanger is larger at the same engine speed, which contributes to the increased maximum power and hot side temperature of the AETEG. Moreover, compared with the ICE without heat exchanger, the brake torque, brake power, volumetric efficiency, pumping mean effective pressure, CO emission, and CO2 emission of the ICE assembled with chaos-shaped and fishbone-shaped heat exchanger reduce, and the corresponding brake-specific fuel consumption increase because of the raised backpressure caused by the heat exchanger.
Consecutive Days of Racing Does Not Affect Sleep in Professional Road Cyclists
Authors: Sargent Charli , Halson Shona L. , Martin David T. , Roach Gregory D. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Professional road cycling races are physiologically demanding, involving successive days of racing over 1 to 3 weeks of competition. Anecdotal evidence indicates that cyclists’ sleep duration either increases or deteriorates during these competitions. However, sleep duration in professional cyclists during stage races has not been assessed. This study examined the amount/quality of sleep obtained by 14 professional cyclists competing in the Australian Tour Down Under. Methods: Sleep was assessed using wrist activity monitors and self-report sleep diaries on the night prior to start of the race and on each night during the race. The impact of each day of the race on sleep onset, sleep offset, time in bed, sleep duration, and wake duration was assessed using separate linear mixed effects models. Results: During the race, cyclists obtained an average of 6.8 (0.9) hours of sleep between 23:30 and 07:27 hours and spent 13.9% (4.7%) of time in bed awake. Minor differences in sleep onset (P = .023) and offset times (P ≤.001) were observed during the week of racing, but these did not affect the amount of sleep obtained by cyclists. Interestingly, the 3 best finishers in the general classification obtained more sleep than the 3 worst finishers (7.2 [0.3] vs 6.7 [0.3] h; P = .049). Conclusions: Contrary to anecdotal reports, the amount of sleep obtained by cyclists did not change over the course of the 1-week race and was just below the recommended target of 7 to 9 hours for adults.
Detection of Inactive Enzyme Molecules in Ageing Organisms
Authors: Gershon Harriet , Gershon David 
Published: January 2022

Using immunochemical techniques, evidence is obtained that older nematodes (
Turbatrix aceti
) contain two populations of enzyme molecules--one active and the other totally inactive.

The synthesis and accumulation of non-functional protein molecules may play a significant part in senescence and the eventual death of organisms. In this communication we report the use of immunological techniques to look directly for the presence of catalytically altered or inactive enzyme molecules in ageing nematodes. The immunological approach is both specific and sensitive and allows for the expression of results in units of catalytic activity per unit of antigenic activity, thus allowing for the detection of partially or totally inactive enzyme molecules present in the form of cross reacting material. This approach has been successfully used in detecting cross reacting protein in bacterial and fungal mutants lacking specific enzyme activities arising from single amino-acid changes caused by point mutations.
Reproduced by permission.

Harriet Gershon, David Gershon, Detection of Inactive Enzyme Molecules in Ageing Organisms.
Nature
227
, 1214-1217 (1970).
Effect of Dietary Restriction on Liver Protein Synthesis in Rats
Authors: Birchenall-Sparks Maria C. , Roberts Michael S. , Staeker Jeffrey , Hardwick James E. , Richardson Arlan 
Published: January 2022

At 6 wk of age, male Fischer F344 rats were fed a purified, casein-based diet either ad libitum or in the amount of 60% of the diet consumed by the rats fed ad libitum (restricted diet). Hepatocytes were isolated from the rats between 2.5 and 19 mo of age. The protein content of the hepatocytes isolated from the rats fed the restricted amount of diet was significantly lower than that of hepatocytes isolated from rats fed ad libitum. The DNA and RNA content of the hepatocytes were similar for the rats fed the two dietary regimens. The absolute rate of protein synthesis for hepatocytes isolated from rats fed ad libitum decreased 55 % between 2.5 and 19 mo of age. However, the rate of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from rats fed the restricted amount of diet decreased only slightly with increasing age. At 19 mo of age, the rate of protein synthesis by hepatocytes from the rats fed the restricted amount of diet was significantly higher than the rate of protein synthesis for hepatocytes from rats fed ad libitum. Therefore, dietary restriction retards the age-related decline in liver protein synthesis.
Reproduced by permission.

Maria C. Birchenall-Sparks, Michael S. Roberts, Jeffrey Staeker, James E. Hardwick, Arlan Richardson, Effect of Dietary Restriction on Liver Protein Synthesis in Rats.
J. Nutr.
115
, 944-950 (1985).
National trends in surgical subspecialisation in ophthalmology in the USA
Authors: Cai Cindy X , Wang Jiangxia , Ahmad Sumayya , Klawe Janek , Woreta Fasika , Srikumaran Divya , Mahoney Nicholas R , Ramulu Pradeep 
Published: January 2022

Background/aimsTo assess surgical patterns in ophthalmology by subspecialty in the USA.MethodsOphthalmic surgeons were categorised as comprehensive/subspecialist based on billed procedures in the 2017–2018 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data. Poisson regression models assessed factors associated with physicians performing surgeries in the core domain (eg, cataract extractions) and subspecialty domain. Models were adjusted for provider gender, time since graduation, geographical region, practice setting and hospital affiliation.ResultsThere were 10 346 ophthalmic surgeons, 74.7% comprehensive and 25.3% subspecialists. Cataract extractions were performed by 6.0%, 9.9%, 21.0%, 88.1% and 95.3% of specialists in surgical retina, neuro-ophthalmology/paediatrics, oculoplastics, glaucoma and cornea, respectively. Retina specialists were more likely to perform cataract surgery if they were 20–30 or>30 years in practice (relative risk: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.17 to 4.12) and 3.74 (95% CI: 1.80 to 7.76), respectively) or in a non-metropolitan setting (3.78 (95% CI: 1.71 to 8.38)). Among oculoplastics specialists, male surgeons (2.71 (95% CI: 1.36 to 5.42)), those in practice 10–20 years or 20–30 years (1.93 (95% CI: 1.15 to 3.26) and 1.91 (95% CI: 1.11 to 3.27), respectively) and in non-metropolitan settings (3.07 (95% CI: 1.88 to 5.02)) were more likely to perform cataract surgery. Only 26 of the 2620 subspecialists performed surgeries in two or more subspecialty domains.ConclusionsThere is a trend towards surgical subspecialisation in ophthalmology in the USA whereby some surgeons focus their surgical practice on subspecialty procedures and rarely perform surgeries in the core domain.
Feasibility and sustainability of working in different types of jobs after total hip arthroplasty: analysis of longitudinal data from two cohorts
Authors: Zaballa Elena , Ntani Georgia , Harris E Clare , Lübbeke Anne , Arden Nigel K , Hannouche Didier , Cooper Cyrus , Walker-Bone Karen 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the rates of return to work and workability among working-age people following total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsParticipants from the Geneva Arthroplasty Registry and the Clinical Outcomes for Arthroplasty Study aged 18–64 years when they had primary THA and with at least 5 years’ follow-up were mailed a questionnaire 2017–2019. Information was collected about preoperative and post-THA employment along with exposure to physically demanding activities at work or in leisure. Patterns of change of job were explored. Survival analyses using Cox proportional hazard models were created to explore risk factors for having to stop work because of difficulties with the replaced hip.ResultsIn total, 825 returned a questionnaire (response 58%), 392 (48%) men, mean age 58 years, median follow-up 7.5 years post-THA. The majority (93%) of those who worked preoperatively returned to work, mostly in the same sector but higher rates of non-return (36%–41%) were seen among process, plant and machine operatives and workers in elementary occupations. 7% reported subsequently leaving work because of their replaced hip and the risk of this was strongly associated with: standing >4 hours/day (HR 3.81, 95% CI 1.62 to 8.96); kneeling/squatting (HR 3.32, 95% CI 1.46 to 7.55) and/or carrying/lifting ≥10 kg (HR 5.43, 95% CI 2.29 to 12.88).ConclusionsIt may be more difficult to return to some (particularly physically demanding) jobs post-THA than others. Rehabilitation may need to be targeted to these types of workers or it may be that redeployment or job change counselling are required.
ED90 of spinal 2-chloroprocaine 1% in ambulatory knee arthroscopy up to 45 min: a randomized biased-coin- up-and-down sequential allocation trial
Authors: Wesselink Elsbeth J , Koopman Seppe J , Vegt Rien van der , Ven Peter M van de , Aa Jan P van der , Stapper Carlijne , Wesdorp Friso , Kok Laura de , Zhang Yiyi , Franssen Eric J , Swart Eleonora L , Boer Christa , Leeuw Marcel A de 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundA short acting spinal anesthetic facilitates smooth flow since quick recovery of motor function will facilitate unassisted ambulation. The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose (ED90) of intrathecal 2-chloroprocaine 1% in outpatient knee arthroscopy.MethodsTwo cohorts were included in two different hospitals. In cohort I, a randomized biased-coin up-and-down design with 40 patients was used to find the ED90. Four dose-levels of plain 2-chloroprocaine 1% were used: 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg. The identified primary outcome, the ED90, was validated in 50 patients in cohort II with an open label design. Secondary outcomes included time to complete recovery from motor and sensory block with spinal injection as time zero, peak sensory block level, urine retention and time until hospital discharge.ResultsForty patients were included in the final analysis in cohort I. The ED90 was estimated at 27.8 mg, successful spinal anesthesia was obtained in 38 patients (95%). Fifty patients were included in the final analysis in cohort II, 49 patients had successful anesthesia with a fixed round dose of 28 mg. In this Cohort, peak sensory block was T10/T11 (range: (L4–T4)). The median time to full recovery of the motor block was 60 min (45–60) and 90 min (75–105) for the sensory block. The mean time to hospital discharge was 2.9 hours (0.7).ConclusionThe ED90 of 2-chloroprocaine 1% in knee arthroscopy was estimated to be 27.8 mg. In an external population, the ED90 resulted in successful anesthesia in 98% of the patients (95% CI 89% to 100%).Trial registration numberNetherlands Trial Registry (NL6769).
Multicentre evaluation of two multiplex PCR platforms for the rapid microbiological investigation of nosocomial pneumonia in UK ICUs: the INHALE WP1 study
Authors: Enne Virve I , Aydin Alp , Baldan Rossella , Owen Dewi R , Richardson Hollian , Ricciardi Federico , Russell Charlotte , Nomamiukor-Ikeji Brenda O , Swart Ann-Marie , High Juliet , Colles Antony , Barber Julie , Gant Vanya , Livermore David M , O’Grady Justin 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCulture-based microbiological investigation of hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP or VAP) is insensitive, with aetiological agents often unidentified. This can lead to excess antimicrobial treatment of patients with susceptible pathogens, while those with resistant bacteria are treated inadequately for prolonged periods. Using PCR to seek pathogens and their resistance genes directly from clinical samples may improve therapy and stewardship.MethodsSurplus routine lower respiratory tract samples were collected from intensive care unit patients about to receive new or changed antibiotics for hospital-onset lower respiratory tract infections at 15 UK hospitals. Testing was performed using the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (bioMérieux) and Unyvero Pneumonia Panel (Curetis). Concordance analysis compared machine and routine microbiology results, while Bayesian latent class (BLC) analysis estimated the sensitivity and specificity of each test, incorporating information from both PCR panels and routine microbiology.FindingsIn 652 eligible samples; PCR identified pathogens in considerably more samples compared with routine microbiology: 60.4% and 74.2% for Unyvero and FilmArray respectively vs 44.2% by routine microbiology. PCR tests also detected more pathogens per sample than routine microbiology. For common HAP/VAP pathogens, FilmArray had sensitivity of 91.7%–100.0% and specificity of 87.5%–99.5%; Unyvero had sensitivity of 50.0%–100.0%%, and specificity of 89.4%–99.0%. BLC analysis indicated that, compared with PCR, routine microbiology had low sensitivity, ranging from 27.0% to 69.4%.InterpretationConventional and BLC analysis demonstrated that both platforms performed similarly and were considerably more sensitive than routine microbiology, detecting potential pathogens in patient samples reported as culture negative. The increased sensitivity of detection realised by PCR offers potential for improved antimicrobial prescribing.