bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of selective gut decontamination in critically ill children: protocol for the Paediatric Intensive Care and Infection Control (PICnIC) pilot study
Authors: Brown Alanna , Ferrando Paloma , Popa Mariana , de la Fuente Gema Milla , Pappachan John , Cuthbertson Brian , Drikite Laura , Feltbower Richard , Gouliouris Theodore , Sale Isobel , Shulman Robert , Tume Lyvonne N , Myburgh John , Woolfall Kerry , Harrison David A , Mouncey Paul R , Rowan Kathryn M , Pathan Nazima 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. In critically ill adults, there are data that suggest the use of Selective Decontamination of the Digestive tract (SDD), alongside standard infection control measures reduce mortality and the incidence of HCAIs. SDD-enhanced infection control has not been compared directly with standard infection prevention strategies in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) population. The aim of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility of conducting a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) in critically ill children comparing SDD with standard infection control.Methods and analysisPaediatric Intensive Care and Infection Control is a parallel group pilot cRCT, with integrated mixed-methods study, comparing incorporation of SDD into infection control procedures to standard care. After a 1-week pretrial ecology surveillance period, recruitment to the cRCT will run for a period of 18 weeks, comprising: (1) baseline control period (2) pre, mid and post-trial ecology surveillance periods and (3) intervention period. Six PICUs (in England, UK) will begin with usual care in period 1, then will be randomised 1:1 by the trial statistician using computer-based randomisation, to either continue to deliver usual care or commence delivery of the intervention (SDD) in period 2. Outcomes measures include parent and healthcare professionals’ views on trial feasibility, adherence to the SDD intervention, estimation of recruitment rate and understanding of potential patient-centred primary and secondary outcome measures for the definitive trial. The planned recruitment for the cRCT is 324 participants.Ethics and disseminationThe trial received favourable ethical opinion from West Midlands—Black Country Research Ethics Committee (reference: 20/WM/0061) and approval from the Health Research Authority (IRAS number: 239324). Informed consent is not required for SDD intervention or anonymised data collection but is sought for investigations as part of the study, any identifiable data collected and monitoring of medical records. Results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN40310490.
Sex differences in sudden cardiac death in a nationwide study of 54 028 deaths
Authors: Skjelbred Tobias , Rajan Deepthi , Svane Jesper , Lynge Thomas Hadberg , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveSudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death and is more common among males than females. Epidemiological studies of sex differences in SCD cases of all ages are sparse. The aim of this study was to examine differences in incidence rates, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and autopsy findings between male and female SCD cases.MethodsAll deaths in Denmark in 2010 (54 028) were reviewed. Autopsy reports, death certificates, discharge summaries and nationwide health registries were reviewed to identify cases of SCD. Based on the available information, all deaths were subcategorised into definite, probable and possible SCD.ResultsA total of 6867 SCD cases were identified, of which 3859 (56%) were males and 3008 (44%) were females. Incidence rates increased with age and were higher for male population across all age groups in the adult population. Average age at time of SCD was 71 years among males compared with 79 among females (p<0.01). The greatest difference in SCD incidence between males and females was found among the 35–50 years group with an incidence rate ratio of 3.7 (95% CI: 2.8 to 4.8). Compared with female SCD victims, male SCD victims more often had cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus (p<0.01).ConclusionThis is the first nationwide study of sex differences in SCD across all ages. Differences in incidence rates between males and females were greatest among young adults and the middle-aged. Incidence rates of SCD among older female population approached that of the male population, despite having significantly more cardiovascular disease and diabetes in male SCD cases.
Generic instability of the dynamics underlying the Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz scenario
Authors: Goldstein Piotr , Piechocki Włodzimierz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA class of exact solutions to the Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz (BKL) scenario is derived and tested for their stability against small perturbations. These are the only regular solutions in the Painlevé sense. We prove that they are unstable in the vicinity of the cosmological singularity. The regularity of the dynamics is also examined with the dynamical systems method. Our results confirm the BKL conjecture that the dynamics near the singularity becomes generically chaotic.
An introduction to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event: insights from the Tafilalt Biota, Morocco
Authors: Hunter Aaron W. , Álvaro J. Javier , Lefebvre Bertrand , Van Roy Peter , Zamora Samuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The exquisitely preserved, diverse and abundant fossil assemblages yielded by the ‘echinoderm meadows’ of the Tafilalt region of the eastern Anti-Atlas represent a new Konservat-Lagerstätte, one of the few exceptionally preserved Late Ordovician open-marine faunas found globally, giving us an insight into the radiation of life during the later phases of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) in high-latitude peri-Gondwana. The GOBE resulted in an unprecedented increase in the diversity of families, classes and orders, at the fastest rate of the entire Phanerozoic and represents one of the most significant events in the evolution of the marine biosphere, preceding the end-Ordovician mass extinction. Nine different phyla and several soft-bodied problematica are represented in the Tafilalt, including several notable echinoderm Lagerstätten. This volume is the culmination of over 20 years of research by several international teams and integrates a series of contributions that look at diverse aspects of the biota, including the stratigraphic distribution of the faunas, depositional environments, systematic palaeontology, preservation, palaeobiogeography and the nature and impact of the international fossil trade on these exceptionally preserved fossil faunas.
Utilization of Waste Textile Cotton by Synthesizing Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose: An Approach to Minimize Textile Solid Waste
Authors: Rahaman Md. Samsur , Nahar Sultana Shamsun , Islam Jahid M. M. , Samadder Rajib , Rahaman Md. Saifur , Chadni Rujina Khatun , Shagor Faisal Rahaman , Rahman Md. Latifur , Ruhane Tania Akter , Khan Mubarak Ahmad 
Published: March 2022

This research uses waste textile cotton (WTC) from the textile industry as a raw material to synthesize sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by adapting a modified etherification methodology. Yields of technical CMC (TCMC), semipurified CMC (SPCMC), and purified CMC (PCMC) were

3.45
±
0.17

g,

2.49
±
0.08

g, and

1.51
±
0.016

g, respectively, per gram of cotton waste. Degree of substitution (DS) values of PCMC, SPCMC, and TCMC was

0.998
±
0.007

,

0.79
±
0.031

, and

0.561
±
0.029

, respectively. For PCMC, SPCMC, and TCMC, the purity of the prepared different grades of CMC was

98.59
±
0.12

%,

78.56
±
1.93

%, and

61.59
±
2.31

%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peak values were 3437 cm-1, 1609 cm-1, and 1427 cm-1, proving WTC conversion to CMC. Furthermore,

2
θ

values of X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks were 9.7 and 20.5, confirming the transformation of WTC to CMC as well. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been assessed to define CMC’s thermal stability and morphology, respectively.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Bioactive, Ormocer, and Conventional GIC Restorative Materials in Primary Molars: An In Vitro Study Microleakage of Three Restorative Materials
Authors: Jain Khushboo , Katge Farhin , Poojari Manohar , Shetty Shilpa , Patil Devendra , Ghadge Sanjana 
Published: March 2022

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the microleakage of bioactive, ormocer, and conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorative materials in primary molars. In this study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 75 noncarious extracted primary molars. The teeth were then restored as per the groups assigned. Group A, group B, and group C used bioactive restorative materials, ormocer restorative materials, and conventional GIC restorative materials for restorations, respectively. The teeth were then thermocycled and subjected to microleakage analysis via dye penetration. The microleakage scores were compared for differences using the Kruskal–Wallis test. This was followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using the Dunn test. All testing was carried out using a ‘p’ value of <0.05. The percentage of samples showing microleakage score 0 depicting no dye penetration was highest for group A (56%) followed by group C (44%) and group B (12%). Statistical analysis revealed highest microleakage with group B, which was statistically significant (

p

< 0.05). Microleakage was evident in all the materials tested. The lowest microleakage was seen with bioactive restorative material.
Adult-Attained Height and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Elinor , Wang Lin , Santiago Celina N. , Nanavati Julie , Rifkin Samara , Spence Emma , Hylind Linda M. , Gills Joell J. , La Luna Louis , Kafonek David R. , Cromwell David M. , Drewes Julia L. , Sears Cynthia L. , Giardiello Francis M. , Mullin Gerard E. ,   the Biofilm Study Consortium
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
The influence of anthropometric characteristics on colorectal neoplasia biology is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if adult-attained height is independently associated with the risk of colorectal cancer or adenoma.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to August 2020 for studies on the association between adult-attained height and colorectal cancer or adenoma. The original data from the Johns Hopkins (Baltimore, MD) Colon Biofilm study was also included. The overall HR/OR of colorectal cancer/adenoma with increased height was estimated using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results:
We included 47 observational studies involving 280,644 colorectal cancer and 14,139 colorectal adenoma cases. Thirty-three studies reported data for colorectal cancer incidence per 10-cm increase in height; 19 yielded an HR of 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–1.17; P &lt; 0.001), and 14 engendered an OR of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05–1.13; P &lt; 0.001). Twenty-six studies compared colorectal cancer incidence between individuals within the highest versus the lowest height percentile; 19 indicated an HR of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.19–1.30; P &lt; 0.001), and seven resulting in an OR of 1.07 (95% CI, 0.92–1.25; P = 0.39). Four studies reported data for assessing colorectal adenoma incidence per 10-cm increase in height, showing an overall OR of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00–1.12; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Greater adult attained height is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma.

Impact:
Height should be considered as a risk factor for colorectal cancer screening.
Circulating Cell-free DNA as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Advanced ALK+ Non–small Cell Lung Cancer in the Global Phase III ALEX Trial
Authors: Dziadziuszko Rafal , Peters Solange , Mok Tony , Camidge D. Ross , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Konopa Krzysztof , Noé Johannes , Nowicka Malgorzata , Bordogna Walter , Morcos Peter N. , Smoljanovic Vlatka , Shaw Alice T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
We retrospectively assessed prognostic value of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using data from the phase III ALEX study in treatment-naïve, advanced ALK+ non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:
Patients were randomized to receive twice-daily alectinib 600 mg (n = 152) or crizotinib 250 mg (n = 151). cfDNA was quantified from baseline plasma samples, with patients stratified into ≤median and &gt;median cfDNA biomarker-evaluable populations (BEP). Effect of cfDNA concentration on outcomes was analyzed using a Cox regression model with treatment group as covariate, and in multivariate analyses.

Results:
Median cfDNA concentration in the BEP was 11.53 ng/mL (n = 276). A positive correlation was found between cfDNA concentration and number of lesions, organ lesion sites, and tumor size (sum of longest diameter; all P &lt; 0.0001). In both treatment arms, patients in the &gt;median BEP were more likely to experience disease progression than the ≤median BEP [alectinib adjusted HR = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–3.89; P = 0.0305 and crizotinib adjusted HR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.11–3.00, P = 0.0169]. Median progression-free survival was longer with alectinib than crizotinib in both ≤median and &gt;median BEPs (P &lt; 0.0001). Overall survival data remain immature; survival probability was lower in the &gt;median versus ≤median BEP in both treatment arms (alectinib HR = 2.52; 95% CI, 1.08–5.88; P = 0.0333 and crizotinib HR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.27–5.47; P = 0.0096).

Conclusions:
These data suggest that plasma cfDNA concentration may have prognostic value in advanced ALK+ NSCLC. Prospectively designed studies are warranted to investigate this finding.
Liver Endothelium Promotes HER3-Mediated Cell Survival in Colorectal Cancer with Wild-Type and Mutant KRAS
Authors: Rathore Moeez , Zhang Wei , Wright Michel'le , Bhattacharya Rajat , Fan Fan , Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Winter Jordan , Wang Zhenghe , Markowitz Sanford D. , Willis Joseph , Ellis Lee M. , Wang Rui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We previously identified that human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3, also known as ERBB3) is a key mediator in liver endothelial cell (EC) promoting colorectal cancer growth and chemoresistance, and suggested HER3-targeted therapy as a strategy for treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. Meanwhile, KRAS mutations occur in 40%–50% of metastatic colorectal cancer and render colorectal cancer resistant to therapies targeting the other HER family protein epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is necessary to elucidate the roles of KRAS mutation status in HER3-mediated cell survival and colorectal cancer response to HER3 inhibition. In the present study, we used primary ECs isolated from non-neoplastic liver tissues to recapitulate the liver EC microenvironment. We demonstrated that liver EC-secreted factors activated colorectal cancer-associated HER3, and increased colorectal cancer cell survival in vitro and promoted colorectal cancer patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we determined that blocking HER3, either by siRNA knockdown or the humanized antibody seribantumab, blocked EC-induced colorectal cancer survival in vitro in both KRAS wild-type and mutant colorectal cancer cells, and the HER3 antibody seribantumab significantly decreased colorectal cancer tumor growth and sensitized tumors to chemotherapy in an orthotopic xenograft model with colorectal cancer tumors developed in the liver. In summary, our findings demonstrated that blocking HER3 had significant effects on attenuating liver EC-induced colorectal cancer cell survival independent of the KRAS mutation status.

Implications:
This body of work highlighted a potential strategy of using HER3 antibodies in combination with standard chemotherapy agents for treating patients with either KRAS wild-type or KRAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.
High richness of non-volant mammals in a seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Garbino Guilherme Siniciato Terra , Rezende Gabriela Cabral , Oliveira Marcus Vinicius Brandão de , Lambot Amandine , Rocha Flávia Souza , Culot Laurence 
Published: March 2022

The seasonal forest formations of the Atlantic Forest are a threatened and poorly known habitat. We present here a list of the non-volant mammals occurring in a 515‑ha forest fragment known as Santa Maria and located in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. Our surveys are based on live trap captures, camera traps, and active searches for footprints, as well as secondary data. We list 29 species of non-volant mammals in the fragment, recorded between 1996 and 2021. One species found in the fragment, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, is globally endangered. Two species are classified as "vulnerable" in the global red list: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, and Tapirus terresris. One species, Panthera onca, is classified as "critically endangered" in São Paulo state. The red howler, Alouatta guariba, was not recorded after 1999 and has probably been extirpated in the fragment. We show that the number of non-volant mammal species in Santa Maria fragment is high, in relation to its size. The fragment is also in a strategic position, between the Morro do Diabo state park and the Black Lion Tamarin Ecological station, the two largest protected areas in the region. Considering its high mammal richness and its possible role as stepping stone for the local fauna, we recommend that the fragment become a protected area.
The Co-Production of National and Technological Orders
Authors: Barell Ari 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper will follow the birth of Israel’s first military research organization, the Israeli Science Corps (“Hemed” in Hebrew), and present a glimpse at a formative moment in the creation of Israel’s military R&D system which is responsible for Israel’s leading role as an arms exporter and high-tech center. The article presents the historical context of Hemed’s establishment, explores the different actors involved in the struggle over its creation, and points to some of the reasons for Hemed’s success in becoming an important participant in arms production. The emergence of a new military R&D organization marked the rise and institutionalization of a new weapon-production culture promoting research, experimentation, and technological innovations. The outcome of this coalition between a group of scientists, a political leader, civilian industry, and academic institutions provides a case study in the co-production of new socio-political and technological orders.
Illustrious Jesuits: The Martyrological Portrait Series circa 1600
Authors: Harpster Grace 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Before the Jesuits officially received their first saints, they capitalized on the power of the portrait series to promote their martyrs. The growing ranks of Jesuit martyrs, thought to number over a hundred in the early seventeenth century, allowed the order to participate in contemporary trends of serial portraiture as a means of legitimization. This article focuses on one crucial object in this history, a 1608 print depicting one hundred and two Jesuit martyrs in a repetitive and chronological format, published by Matthäus Greuter and Paul Maupin in Rome. An analysis of Greuter’s print demonstrates how the Jesuits coopted conventions of the portrait series to associate their martyrs with notions of Christian exemplarity and apostolic succession ingrained in the genre. The making of Jesuit identity cannot be disentangled from the discourse of portraiture, a category that includes the reiterative series as well as the naturalistic likeness.
Living Mysteries
Authors: Orlov Andrei A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study explores the early Jewish understanding of divine knowledge as divine presence, which is embodied in major biblical exemplars, such as Adam, Enoch, Jacob, and Moses. It demonstrates that the personification of divine knowledge in early Judaism and, especially, in the Jewish pseudepigrapha reveals a distinct “cultic” way of mediating the divine presence and, consequentially, the divine knowledge that can be designated as the “divine presence’s epistemology.”
Ancient Magic, Theurgy, and Philosophy
Authors: Shaw Gregory 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This commentary reflects on Radcliffe Edmonds’ remarkable Ancient Magic, Theurgy, and Philosophy, focusing specifically on his study of the interface between theurgy and magic in late antiquity. Edmonds explores the striking similarities of theurgy and magic. After demonstrating a keen understanding of how theurgy worked for Iamblichus and the later Platonists, he compares its metaphysics and theory to the magical papyri. Although magicians were far less “theoretically inclined” than Platonic theurgists, Edmonds argues that they implement theurgical principles in their practices. He finds remarkable parallels and makes a strong case, but I argue that in one significant respect the magician and theurgist were profoundly different, a difference defined by the fact that Platonists like Iamblichus had passed through the withering catharsis of Platonic mystagogy, something that was not required or evident among magicians.
Does “Sludge” Require Cholecystectomy?
Authors: Rojas Brian , Stiles Anquonette , Roy Sara , Udekwu Pascal O. , Rutherford Edmund J. 
Published: March 2022

Biliary sludge is a subjective, ill-defined term. Surgery is often consulted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, regarded as a low risk procedure. After IRB approval, a word search was used to identify “sludge” in all ultrasounds performed in 2016. The number of patients undergoing cholecystectomy, complications, pathologic findings, and risk factors were identified. Non-operative patients were evaluated for subsequent symptoms and studies or procedures related to biliary pathology. 2769 patients underwent RUQ US; 253 patients were found to have sludge. Of 48 (19%) cholecystectomy patients, 9 had cholelithiasis. No deaths occurred in the cholecystectomy group. Two surgical complications occurred. Fifty (24.4%) of the 205 non-operative patients underwent subsequent US imaging: 44% residual sludge, 28% normal, 18% stones, and 10% other. Sludge may resolve 28% of the time. Repeat ultrasound is prudent before proceeding with cholecystectomy. If an abnormality is seen on repeat imaging and risk factors persist, cholecystectomy may be reasonable.