bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A community development story and portrayal of a phenomenological reflective practice in the social field of paediatric palliative care
Authors: Westoby Peter , Day Elham , Hawthorne Fiona , Toon Matthew Francis Paul , Oldham Kelly 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article is both a story of community development (CD) practice within the paediatric palliative care and bereavement space – and a portrayal of phenomenological reflective practice in the social field. The story and portrayal are about a tradition of work – understood as participatory CD – amplified, made more visible and alive by a phenomenological reflective practice. While the framework of participatory CD applied in the palliative care space will be thought provoking for readers, the unique contribution of this article is the use of phenomenological reflective practice, one rarely drawn upon within the CD field.
Oxytocin modulates social brain network correlations in resting and task state
Authors: Wu Qingyuan , Huang Qi , Liu Chao , Wu Haiyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effects of oxytocin (OT) on the social brain can be tracked upon assessing the neural activity in resting and task states, and developing a system-level framework for characterizing the state-based functional relationships of its distinct effect. Here, we contribute to this framework by examining how OT modulates social brain network correlations during resting and task states, using fMRI. First, we investigated network activation, followed by an analysis of the relationships between networks and individual differences. Subsequently, we evaluated the functional connectivity in both states. Finally, the relationship between networks across states was represented by the predictive power of networks in the resting state for task-evoked activities. The differences in the predicted accuracy between the subjects displayed individual variations in this relationship. Our results showed that the activity of the dorsal default mode network in the resting state had the largest predictive power for task-evoked activation of the precuneus network (PN) only in the OT group. The results also demonstrated that OT reduced the individual variation in PN in the prediction process. These findings suggest a distributed but modulatory effect of OT on the association between resting and task-dependent brain networks.
Difference in axon diameter and myelin thickness between excitatory and inhibitory callosally projecting axons in mice
Authors: Basu Kaustuv , Appukuttan Shailesh , Manchanda Rohit , Sik Attila 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Synchronization of network oscillation in spatially distant cortical areas is essential for normal brain activity. Precision in synchronization between hemispheres depends on the axonal conduction velocity, which is determined by physical parameters of the axons involved, including diameter, and extent of myelination. To compare these parameters in long-projecting excitatory and inhibitory axons in the corpus callosum, we used genetically modified mice and virus tracing to separately label CaMKIIα expressing excitatory and GABAergic inhibitory axons. Using electron microscopy analysis, we revealed that (i) the axon diameters of excitatory fibers (myelinated axons) are significantly larger than those of nonmyelinated excitatory axons; (ii) the diameters of bare axons of excitatory myelinated fibers are significantly larger than those of their inhibitory counterparts; and (iii) myelinated excitatory fibers are significantly larger than myelinated inhibitory fibers. Also, the thickness of myelin ensheathing inhibitory axons is significantly greater than for excitatory axons, with the ultrastructure of the myelin around excitatory and inhibitory fibers also differing. We generated a computational model to investigate the functional consequences of these parameter divergences. Our simulations indicate that impulses through inhibitory and excitatory myelinated fibers reach the target almost simultaneously, whereas action potentials conducted by nonmyelinated axons reach target cells with considerable delay.
Low Spontaneous Clearance Rates of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men (PROBE-C Study)
Authors: Monin Malte B , Ingiliz Patrick , Lutz Thomas , Scholten Stefan , Cordes Christiane , Martínez-Rebollar Maria , Spinner Christoph D , Nelson Mark , Rausch Michael , Bhagani Sanjay , Peters Lars , Reiberger Thomas , Mauss Stefan , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Boesecke Christoph ,   for the PROBE-C study group
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for recently acquired hepatitis C virus (RAHCV) infections, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive men who have sex with men (MSM), dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatitis C. However, implementation into clinical practice is challenging. The aim of this study was to analyze spontaneous clearance (SC) rates of RAHCV and to identify predictors of SC.

Methods
The PROBE-C study is an observational European cohort on RAHCV infections in HIV-positive MSM. Between 2007 and 2017, RAHCV infections were documented with ≥12 months of follow-up. Fisher exact, χ2, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 464 RAHCV infections were documented; 457 of 464 patients (98%) were male, and the median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 41 (38–46) years. The main risk group for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission was MSM (98.9%). Most participants were infected with HCV genotype 1 (78.3%). The median baseline HCV RNA level (IQR) was 230 000 (135 000–474 432) IU/mL, and the median CD4+ T-cell count was 574/µL (547–604/µL. Of all cases, 92% received combination antiretroviral therapy, with 91% showing suppressed HIV RNA levels (&lt;200 copies/mL). The median maximum alanine aminotransferase level (IQR) was 445 (402–522) U/L. SC of RAHCV infection occurred in 55 of 464 cases (11.9%). A &gt;2-log decline in HCV RNA levels 4 weeks after diagnosis of RAHCV infection was the strongest predictor of SC (P &lt; .001; sensitivity, 96.4%; specificity, 97.5%; positive predictive value, 84.1%; negative predictive value, 99.5%).

Conclusions
SC of RAHCV in HIV-positive MSM is found in only 11.9% of cases and a &lt;2-log drop in HCV RNA level at week 4 after diagnosis should prompt early DAA-based treatment. However, immediate DAA treatment for RAHCV infection may also be favored in patients with ongoing transmission risk behavior.
Evaluating Membership Inference Through Adversarial Robustness
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxi , Yu Zhang Leo , Zheng Xufei , Hussain Abbasi Bilal , Hu Shengshan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The usage of deep learning is being escalated in many applications. Due to its outstanding performance, it is being used in a variety of security and privacy-sensitive areas in addition to conventional applications. One of the key aspects of deep learning efficacy is to have abundant data. This trait leads to the usage of data which can be highly sensitive and private, which in turn causes wariness with regard to deep learning in the general public. Membership inference attacks are considered lethal as they can be used to figure out whether a piece of data belongs to the training dataset or not. This can be problematic with regard to leakage of training data information and its characteristics. To highlight the significance of these types of attacks, we propose an enhanced methodology for membership inference attacks based on adversarial robustness, by adjusting the directions of adversarial perturbations through label smoothing under a white-box setting. We evaluate our proposed method on three datasets: Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. Our experimental results reveal that the performance of our method surpasses that of the existing adversarial robustness-based method when attacking normally trained models. Additionally, through comparing our technique with the state-of-the-art metric-based membership inference methods, our proposed method also shows better performance when attacking adversarially trained models. The code for reproducing the results of this work is available at https://github.com/plll4zzx/Evaluating-Membership-Inference-Through-Adversarial-Robustness.
Effectively Detecting Operational Anomalies In Large-Scale IoT Data Infrastructures By Using A GAN-Based Predictive Model
Authors: Chen Peng , Liu Hongyun , Xin Ruyue , Carval Thierry , Zhao Jiale , Xia Yunni , Zhao Zhiming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Quality of data services is crucial for operational large-scale internet-of-things (IoT) research data infrastructure, in particular when serving large amounts of distributed users. Effectively detecting runtime anomalies and diagnosing their root cause helps to defend against adversarial attacks, thereby essentially boosting system security and robustness of the IoT infrastructure services. However, conventional anomaly detection methods are inadequate when facing the dynamic complexities of these systems. In contrast, supervised machine learning methods are unable to exploit large amounts of data due to the unavailability of labeled data. This paper leverages popular GAN-based generative models and end-to-end one-class classification to improve unsupervised anomaly detection. A novel heterogeneous BiGAN-based anomaly detection model Heterogeneous Temporal Anomaly-reconstruction GAN (HTA-GAN) is proposed to make better use of a one-class classifier and a novel anomaly scoring function. The Generator-Encoder-Discriminator BiGAN structure can lead to practical anomaly score computation and temporal feature capturing. We empirically compare the proposed approach with several state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods on real-world datasets, anomaly benchmarks and synthetic datasets. The results show that HTA-GAN outperforms its competitors and demonstrates better robustness.
CPMCP: a database of Chinese patent medicine and compound prescription
Authors: Sun Chang , Huang Jipeng , Tang Rong , Li Minglei , Yuan Haili , Wang Yuxiang , Wei Jin-Mao , Liu Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although several traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-related databases have emerged, they focus on researching single medicinal materials, which is far from sufficient for clinical research and application. In comparison, compound prescriptions are more informative and meaningful in TCM, for they embody the information on the compatibility of TCM besides the relatively isolated information about single medicinal materials. The compatibility information is essential in TCM because it conveys not only what components are involved to treat special diseases but also how to combine these single medical materials. We established a database of Chinese patent medicine and compound prescription (CPMCP). It demonstrates the prescription information of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) and ancient Chinese medicine prescriptions (CMPs). CPMCP reports their comprehensive and standardized information such as the components, indications and contraindications. It is worth mentioning that we organized relevant experts and spent lots of time manually mapping the functions of compound prescriptions in ancient Chinese to the standardized TCM symptom vocabularies, obtaining a total of 71 414 associations between compound prescriptions and TCM symptoms. In this way, CPMCP established the associations between TCM and modern medicine (MM) according to the associations between TCM symptoms and MM symptoms. In addition, to further exhibit the compatibility mechanism of compound prescriptions, CPMCP summarizes a set of common drug combination principles by analyzing the existing prescriptions. We believe that CPMCP can promote the modernization of TCM and make greater contributions to MM.
Database URL http://cpmcp.top
Time to Endorse A Sensitive Method for Scoring Endoscopic Activity of Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical Research
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Merat Shahin , Liu David , Pugatch David , Reinisch Walter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe endoscopic scoring of ulcerative colitis is routinely used for both individual patient management and as an endpoint in clinical trials. The most commonly used scoring system is the Mayo endoscopic subscore, which scores endoscopic disease activity on a scale between 0 and 3. With only four possible scores and consideration of only the most involved area of the colon, the Mayo endoscopic subscore lacks sensitivity to change in measuring the totality of the endoscopic inflammatory involvement in patients with ulcerative colitis. Here, we present one case study from clinical practice and one from clinical trials in which using the Mayo endoscopic score leads to potentially incorrect conclusions. Further, in a post-hoc analysis, we re-examined endoscopic videos from a clinical trial and demonstrate that assessing involved ulcerated and affected areas on a segmental level of the colon or summing Mayo scores of colonic segments can identify improvements in endoscopic disease activity in almost twice as many subjects as identified by the Mayo endoscopic subscore alone. Although the alternative scoring systems we have used in this report will need further validation, our findings demonstrate the need for a more sensitive endoscopic scoring system in ulcerative colitis.
NOD2in Crohn’s Disease—Unfinished Business
Authors: Ashton James J , Seaby Eleanor G , Beattie R Mark , Ennis Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies of Crohn’s disease have consistently implicated NOD2 as the most important gene in disease pathogenesis since first being identified in 2001. Thereafter, genome-wide association, next-generation sequencing and functional analyses have all confirmed a key role for NOD2, but despite this, NOD2 also has significant unresolved complexity. More recent studies have reinvigorated an early hypothesis that NOD2 may be a single-gene cause of disease, and the distinct ileal stricturing phenotype seen with NOD2-related disease presents an opportunity for personalized diagnosis, disease prediction and targeted therapy. The genomics of NOD2 has much that remains unknown, including the role of rare variation, phasing of variants across the haplotype block and the role of variation in the NOD2-regulatory regions. Here, we discuss the evidence and the unmet needs of NOD2 research, based on recently published evidence, and suggest methods that may meet these requirements.
Fungi-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for single-cell studies on fungi
Authors: Richter Felix , Bindschedler Saskia , Calonne-Salmon Maryline , Declerck Stéphane , Junier Pilar , Stanley Claire E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This review highlights new advances in the emerging field of ‘Fungi-on-a-Chip’ microfluidics for single-cell studies on fungi and discusses several future frontiers, where we envisage microfluidic technology development to be instrumental in aiding our understanding of fungal biology. Fungi, with their enormous diversity, bear essential roles both in nature and our everyday lives. They inhabit a range of ecosystems, such as soil, where they are involved in organic matter degradation and bioremediation processes. More recently, fungi have been recognized as key components of the microbiome in other eukaryotes, such as humans, where they play a fundamental role not only in human pathogenesis, but also likely as commensals. In the food sector, fungi are used either directly or as fermenting agents and are often key players in the biotechnological industry, where they are responsible for the production of both bulk chemicals and antibiotics. Although the macroscopic fruiting bodies are immediately recognizable by most observers, the structure, function, and interactions of fungi with other microbes at the microscopic scale still remain largely hidden. Herein, we shed light on new advances in the emerging field of Fungi-on-a-Chip microfluidic technologies for single-cell studies on fungi. We discuss the development and application of microfluidic tools in the fields of medicine and biotechnology, as well as in-depth biological studies having significance for ecology and general natural processes. Finally, a future perspective is provided, highlighting new frontiers in which microfluidic technology can benefit this field.
Assessing Change in Participation in Clinical Evaluations of Deployed Veterans with Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Authors: Nadkarni Shree , Ecker Anthony H , Waid-Ebbs Julia Kay , Pickett Lisa C , Ray Kathleen , Chandler Helena K , McAndrew Lisa M , Helmer Drew A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Many deployed veterans experience issues reintegrating into civilian life. Addressing this in a clinical setting can prove challenging; however, assessing participation, defined as involvement in a life situation by the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, may be helpful. The Community Reintegration of Injured Service Members–Computer Adaptive Test (CRIS-CAT) is a measure of participation developed and validated in veteran populations. The War Related and Illness and Injury Study Center, which provides comprehensive evaluations to veterans with medically unexplained deployment-related concerns, used the CRIS-CAT as part of their social work evaluations during these visits and follow-up telephone calls. This retrospective review of clinical data examines the link between participation as assessed by the CRIS-CAT and factors that are mutable (such as relationships with others) and immutable (personal characteristics) as assessed in the social work evaluation over 12 months. The findings indicate that these veteran patients did not experience change in their participation as measured by the CRIS-CAT. Multivariable regression models demonstrated relationships only between change in CRIS-CAT scales and baseline scores and race. Article concludes by discussing lessons learned from this evaluation of the utility of the CRIS-CAT in clinical care and in longitudinal evaluation.
The CJEU and EU (de-)constitutionalization: Unpacking jurisprudential responses
Authors: Moser Carolyn , Rittberger Berthold 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Court of Justice of the European Union has long been considered a steadfast advocate and engine of the constitutionalization of the European Union. More recently, however, critical voices about the Court’s seemingly deferential stance on executive (crisis) governance have amplified among legal scholars and political scientists. We take issue with this claim and show that the Court’s jurisprudence is neither predominantly hard-wired in favor of constitutionalization, nor is it deferential to governments’ wishes. Instead, we show that factors external to the law—the politicization of an issue—and internal to the law—the juridification of an issue—prompt the Court to adopt different jurisprudential responses on issues of constitutional salience, ranging from the expansion of constitutionalization to its retreat. To probe our assertion, we zoom into the European Union’s internal and external security policies—namely Justice and Home Affairs, on the one hand, and the Common Foreign and Security Policy, on the other—which exhibit contrasting constitutionalization trajectories. Based on a qualitative case law analysis, we demonstrate that the Court’s constitutionalization responses are indeed systematically affected by different levels of politicization and juridification.
Motivic Decompositions of Families With Tate Fibers: Smooth and Singular Cases
Authors: Cavicchi M , Déglise F , Nagel J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We apply Wildeshaus’s theory of motivic intermediate extensions to the motivic decomposition conjecture, formulated by Deninger–Murre and Corti–Hanamura. We first obtain a general motivic decomposition for the Chow motive of an arbitrary smooth projective family $f:X \rightarrow S$ whose geometric fibers are Tate. Using Voevodsky’s motives with rational coefficients, the formula is valid for an arbitrary regular base $S$, without assuming the existence of a base field or even of a prime integer $\ell $ invertible on $S$. This result, and some of Bondarko’s ideas, lead us to a generalized formulation of Corti–Hanamura’s conjecture. Secondly we establish the existence of the motivic decomposition when $f:X \rightarrow S$ is a projective quadric bundle over a characteristic $0$ base, which is either sufficiently general or whose discriminant locus is a normal crossing divisor. This provides a motivic lift of the Bernstein–Beilinson–Deligne decomposition in this setting.
The Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine: 25 Years of Postlicensure Experience in the United States
Authors: Shapiro Eugene D , Marin Mona 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We summarize studies of varicella vaccine’s effectiveness for prevention of varicella and lessons learned during the first 25 years of the varicella vaccination program in the United States. One dose of varicella vaccine provided moderate protection (82%–85%) against varicella of any severity and high protection (100%) against severe varicella, with some waning of protection over time. The 1-dose program (1995–2006) had a substantial impact on the incidence both of varicella and of severe outcomes (71%–90% decrease) although it did not prevent low-level community transmission and some outbreaks continued to occur in highly vaccinated populations. Two doses of varicella vaccine improved the vaccine’s effectiveness by at least 10% against varicella of any severity, with further declines in the incidence both of varicella and of severe outcomes as well as in both number and size of outbreaks. There is no evidence for waning of the effectiveness of 2 doses of the vaccine.
Skeletomuscular Atlas and Deep Homology of a Metamorphosing Genitalic Appendage in a Flat-Backed Millipede (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae:Pseudopolydesmus)
Authors: Zahnle Xavier J , Ma Megan , Bond Jason E 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn millipedes, gonopods are male copulatory genitalia derived from walking legs that metamorphose during postembryonic development. The morphology of gonopods is critical for genus and species diagnosis in most taxa. However, the form and function of gonopods vary drastically at the family and ordinal level, making intricate morphological comparison practically impossible. Internal morphology could provide the basis for homologizing morphological elements present in the walking legs and gonopods. Therefore, we used x-ray computed tomography to produce 3D segmentations of Pseudopolydesmus Attems, 1898 (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae) millipedes incorporating two types of morphological elements: skeletal elements and muscles. In addition to imaging the trunk and appendages of an adult male, we imaged the developing gonopod across a series of juvenile male stadia in order to trace the identities of morphological elements. Skeletal elements were homologized, but muscle homologies were limited by the dissimilarity of muscle attachment sites between the walking leg and gonopod. Furthermore, images of juvenile males showed that appendage musculature is totally obliterated once gonopod development begins in the fourth stadium. Due to these limitations, we believe it may be more tractable to homologize gonopod musculature of various millipede taxa to each other than to that of the walking legs. Because distinct genetic developmental networks responsible for walking leg and gonopod patterning have been evolving separately since the common ancestor of gonopod-bearing millipedes (a case of paramorphy), skeletomusculature among gonopods of unrelated millipede taxa is expected to be more similar than that of the gonopod and walking leg within a given millipede lineage.