bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the Kids Disability Screen for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from the CAPRI Registry
Authors: Houghton Kristin , McPherson Meghan , Surjanovic Nikola , Loughin Thomas , Berard Roberta , Proulx-Gauthier Jean-Phillipe , Chédeville Gaëlle , Rumsey Dax , Schmeling Heinrike , Luca Nadia , Johnson Nicole , Gerschman Tommy , Miettunen Paivi , Tam Herman , Lim Lillian , Morishita Kimberly , Scuccimarri Rosie , Roth Johannes , Duffy Ciaran , Tucker Lori , Feldman Brian M , Guzman Jaime ,   for the CAPRI Registry Investigators, Cabral David , Chédeville Gaëlle , Duffy Ciarán , Gerhold Kerstin , Guzman Jaime , Hiraki Linda , Huber Adam , Schmeling Heinrike , Shiff Natalie , Tucker Lori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a brief disability screen for children with JIA, the Kids Disability Screen (KDS).MethodsA total of 216 children enrolled in the Canadian Alliance of Pediatric Rheumatology Investigators (CAPRI) Registry in 2017–2018 formed a development cohort, and 220 children enrolled in 2019–2020 formed a validation cohort. At every clinic visit, parents answered two questions derived from the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ): ‘Is it hard for your child to run and play BECAUSE OF ARTHRITIS?’ (‘Hard’ 0–10), and ‘Does your child usually need help from you or another person BECAUSE OF ARTHRITIS?’ (‘Help’, 0–10). We used 36-fold cross-validation and tested nine different mathematical methods to combine the answers and optimize psychometric properties. The results were confirmed in the validation cohort.ResultsExpressed as the mean of the two answers, KDS best balanced ease of use and psychometric properties, while a LASSO regression model combining the two answers with other patient characteristics [estimated CHAQ [eCHAQ]) had the highest responsiveness. In the validation cohort, 22.7%, 25.9% and 28.6% of patients had a score of 0 at enrolment for the KDS, eCHAQ and CHAQ, respectively. Responsiveness was 0.67, 0.74 and 0.62, respectively. Sensitivity to detect a CHAQ &gt; 0 was 0.90 and specificity 0.56, KDS detecting some disability in 44% of children with a CHAQ = 0.ConclusionThis simple KDS has psychometric properties comparable with those of a full CHAQ and may be used at every clinic visit to identify those children who need a full disability assessment.
Comparison of urinary telomerase, CD44, and NMP22 assays for detection of bladder squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Al-Delaimy Wael K. , Awadalla Amira , El-Assmy Ahmed , Abol-Enein Hassan , Shokeir Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is common in many regions around the world. Prognosis is very poor, as most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to a lack of affordable and valid screening markers for this type of cancer. The diagnostic accuracy of urinary nuclear matrix protein-22 (NMP22), telomerase activity, and CD44 were evaluated in urine samples of patients with bladder SCC.

Materials and methods
We conducted a case-control study comprised of 60 consecutive newly diagnosed bladder SCC patients diagnosed by cystoscopy and histopathological examination, and controls were 60 outpatients with benign urologic conditions and healthy clinic visitors. Urine samples collected from each subject underwent testing for NMP22, telomerase activity, and CD44. Descriptive and correlational statistical analysis of cases and controls were carried out and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off points for the three assays.

Results
Area under the curve was calculated at 0.96, 0.93, and 0.62 for NMP22, telomerase, and CD44, respectively. Urine levels of NMP22 and telomerase activity were significantly higher in the SCC group compared to controls (p < 0.001). Urine CD44 levels were not significantly higher in the SCC group compared to controls (p = 0.111). The overall sensitivity of NMP22, telomerase, and CD44 was 96.7%, 87%, and 45%, respectively, while the specificity was 85%, 88.6%, and 86.7%, respectively.

Conclusions
Urinary telomerase activity, followed by NMP22 urine levels, showed high diagnostic yield and could hold potential promise as urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder SCC.
Validation of the Menopause Transition Scale (MTS)
Authors: Andersen Nicholas J. , Parker Jessica L. , Pettigrew Susanne , Bitner Diana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
All women will experience menopause transition, and a majority will experience symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life. Current validated menopause symptom scales are time consuming, phrased in clinical language, and difficult to adopt for digital use. This study seeks to validate a short novel survey which can be reliably completed without coaching and accurately represents the experience of the menopause transition.

Methods
We developed a patient-centric questionnaire (Menopause Transition Scale, MTS) to examine for symptoms of menopause. Survey responders represented a total of 144 women with at least one symptom of menopause. Survey responders included women affected by cancer aged 30 to 65 (n = 72) and women not affected by cancer aged 45 to 60 (n = 72). Cronbach Alpha was used to examine for internal consistency and dimensionality was assessed using exploratory factor analysis. The cross-validation was analyzed against established patient scales using Spearman correlations or Chi-Square analysis, as appropriate.

Results
The MTS questions showed internal consistency with a Cronbach Alpha of 0.63. The individual questions loaded into three unique domains. The MTS overall correlated with validated scales for menopause symptoms, the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (r = –0.86, P < 0.0001) and Greene Climacteric Scale (r = –0.65, P < 0.0001). Libido correlated with scales (P = 0.0150) and subscales (r = –0.70, P < 0.0001) relating low sexual desire. Energy (r = –0.62, P < 0.0001), Mood (r = –0.48, P < 0.0001), and Hot Flashes/Night Sweats (r = –0.77, P < 0.0001) correlated with scales and subscales related to mood, depression, and vasomotor symptoms. The majority of our responders expressed mild vaginal bleeding. The highest frequency of severe symptoms were low libido and poor energy.

Conclusions
The MTS is a short thorough patient-centric survey that is readily amenable to digital adoption to measure symptoms of menopause as women transition in the out-patient setting. Further study is needed for the longitudinal assessment of symptoms through the transition process and the response of women to therapeutic options.
Video Summary: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A938.
Racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and management of menopause symptoms among midlife women veterans
Authors: Blanken Anna , Gibson Carolyn J. , Li Yongmei , Huang Alison J. , Byers Amy L. , Maguen Shira , Inslicht Sabra , Seal Karen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Racial/ethnic disparities in menopause symptoms and hormone therapy management remain understudied among women served by the Veteran’s Health Administration, despite the unique racial/ethnic diversity of this population. Thus, we determined racial/ethnic disparities in medical record-documented menopause symptoms and prescribed menopausal hormone therapy among women veterans.

Methods
We conducted cross-sectional analyses of national Veteran’s Health Administration electronic health record data from 2014 to 2015. We used logistic regression models to compare medical-record documented menopause symptoms and treatment (eg, vaginal estrogen or systemic hormone therapy) by self-identified race/ethnicity, adjusting for age, body mass index, and depression. Models examining hormone treatment were adjusted for menopause symptoms.

Results
Among 200,901 women veterans (mean age 54.3, SD 5.4 y; 58% non-Hispanic/Latinx White, 33% non-Hispanic/Latinx Black, 4% Hispanic/Latinx, and 4% other), 5% had documented menopause symptoms, 5% were prescribed vaginal estrogen, and 5% were prescribed systemic hormone therapy. In fully adjusted multivariable models, non-Hispanic/Latinx Black women veterans had lower odds of documented menopause symptoms relative to non-Hispanic/Latinx White women (OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.78-0.86). Moreover, non-Hispanic/Latinx Black women (OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.70-0.77), as well as Hispanic/Latinx women (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61-0.77), had lower likelihood of systemic hormone therapy prescription. Hispanic/Latinx women had higher odds of vaginal estrogen prescription (OR 1.12 95% CI: 1.02-1.24) than non-Hispanic/Latinx White women. Non-Hispanic/Latinx Black women had lower likelihood of estrogen use (OR 0.78 95% CI: 0.74-0.81) than non-Hispanic/Latinx White women.

Conclusion
Despite evidence suggesting higher menopause symptom burden among Black women in community samples, documented menopause symptoms and hormone therapy were less common among Black, compared with White, women veterans. Additionally, Hispanic/Latinx women veterans had lower odds of prescribed systemic menopause therapy and yet higher odds of prescribed vaginal estrogen, despite no difference in documented symptoms. These findings may signal important disparities in symptom reporting, documentation, and/or treatment for minority women veterans.
Overnight orthokeratology-associated Acanthamoeba keratitis at a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chien , Kuo Yih-Shiuan , Lin Pei-Yu , Chen Ko-Hua 
Published: March 2022

Background:

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a vision-threatening disease, usually associated with contact lens (CL) wear. As overnight orthokeratology (OOK) is increasingly used to control myopia, we have found incidence of OOK-associated AK is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the clinical presentation and visual outcomes of OOK-associated AK.

Methods:
Demographic characteristics, clinical features, and treatment outcomes were collected by reviewing the medical charts of CL-associated AK patients (n = 35) diagnosed at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2001 to 2016. Cases were OOK-associated AK patients (n = 13), and controls were all other CL-associated AK patients (n = 22). Student t tests and chi-square tests were used to compare cases and controls. Linear regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the final visual outcome in CL-associated AK.

Results:
OOK-associated AK accounted for half of all CL-associated AK after 2010. OOK-associated AK patients and other CL-associated patients had similar best-corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (BCLVA) before treatment (1.10 ± 0.75 vs 1.13 ± 0.76, p = 0.893), but OOK-associated AK patients were younger (17.15 ± 3.21 vs 26.36 ± 12.81 years, p = 0.004), had less severe disease (ring infiltration, 0% vs 31.82%, p = 0.023), and had better post-treatment BCLVA (0.06 ± 0.15 vs 0.51 ± 0.95, p = 0.041). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that better BCLVA after treatment in CL-associated AK was associated with initial presentation without ring infiltration (p = 0.002) but not with OOK use itself (p = 0.793). Twenty-six of 35 CL-associated AK patients had final BCLVA equal to or better than 0.10 (Snellen visual acuity of 6/7.5). All 13 OOK-associated AK cases were treated with chlorhexidine 0.02% ± voriconazole 1% ± oral voriconazole, and 12 of these patients had final BCLVA equal to or better than 0.10.

Conclusion:
Most CL-associated AK patients had satisfactory visual outcomes. Half of AK at our hospital is OOK-associated since 2010. Early diagnosis and correct treatment may be the reason why OOK-associated AK patients had better vision prognosis.
Disease-related malnutrition in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Slee Adrian , Reid Joanne 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Disease-related malnutrition has complex and multifactorial pathophysiology. It is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has a devastating impact on morbidity and mortality. Given the rising numbers of patients diagnosed with CKD, disease-related malnutrition is an escalating clinical challenge. This review summarises current knowledge in relation to the development, screening and treatments for disease-related malnutrition in CKD

Recent findings
New research has identified other potential causes for the development of malnutrition in CKD, including changes in taste and smell, and effects of polypharmacy. Screening and assessment studies have investigated different tools in relation to the new Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Different modalities of low protein diets and the potential use of pre and probiotics are being explored. Furthermore, the importance of nutritional support, and possibly exercise during dialysis is being examined in terms of reducing anabolic resistance and catabolism.

Summary
Further research is required to better understand the nuances of the pathophysiology of disease-related malnutrition in CKD. This work should inform not only consistent terminology and the application of assessment tools specific to disease-related malnutrition in CKD but also the development of novel interventions that reflect its multifaceted pathophysiology and impact.
Childhood obesity prevention: what can be achieved?
Authors: Gomahr Julian , Julian Valérie , Thivel David , Maruszczak Katharina , Schneider Anna-Maria , Weghuber Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Childhood obesity is a pandemic generating an enormous individual and socioeconomic burden worldwide. This narrative review summarizes recent evidence on successful and recommended prevention strategies according to age groups and different levels of interventions.

Recent findings
Effective prevention of childhood obesity is feasible and most successful early in life up to preschool age, and it should include a multicomponent approach, integrating individuals, family and society. Trials that improve nutrition and/or enhance physical activity are the cornerstones of childhood obesity prevention on an individual level. However, their efficacy is determined by the combination of interventions for the target age group. Further, improving family support and sleep, as well as reducing screen time, lead to favourable results. Many research gaps remain, including a lack of effective interventions for high-risk groups.

Summary
As a multifactorial condition, childhood obesity requires a multicomponent approach. Interventions should be developmental stage-specific and adjusted to the setting. Current research gaps need to be targeted by future trials, with a special focus on the benefit of the most vulnerable groups. From a systems response perspective, a paradigm shift from interventions focusing on the individual to approaches that target society as a whole is warranted.
Paediatric asthma - all that wheezes is not necessarily asthma - current diagnostic and management strategies
Authors: Lecerf Kelsey , Prince Benjamin T. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Asthma is a frequently encountered chronic medical condition encountered in paediatrics, affecting 7% of children under the age of 18 in the United States. Although asthma is one of the more common conditions that is associated with wheezing, there is a broad differential diagnosis to consider. The purpose of this review is to describe other causes of wheezing outside of asthma in a paediatric population and discuss diagnostic and management strategies to consider when evaluating a child or adolescent with wheezing.

Recent findings
The characteristics of the wheezing along with other associated signs and symptoms can be helpful in narrowing the differential diagnosis. The age and the past medical history of the patient are also important aspects to consider when determining next steps in the evaluation and management of paediatric wheezing. In addition to considering other causes of wheezing, it is often necessary to assess for the presence of underlying asthma, and recently updated asthma guidelines from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute provide a graded review of various recommendations for making the diagnosis and managing asthma in the clinical setting.

Summary
It is important to maintain a broad differential diagnosis when evaluating a paediatric patient with wheezing.
A Practical Approach to Identifying Pediatric Disease‐Associated Undernutrition
Authors: Hulst Jessie M. , Huysentruyt Koen , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Shamir Raanan , Koletzko Berthold , Chourdakis Michail , Fewtrell Mary , Joosten Koen F. ,   Special Interest Group Clinical Malnutrition of ESPGHAN
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTDisease‐associated undernutrition (DAU) is still common in hospitalized children and is generally accepted to be associated with adverse effects on disease outcomes; hence making proper identification and assessment essential in the management of the sick child. There are however several barriers to routine screening, assessment, and treatment of sick children with poor nutritional status or DAU, including limited resources, lack of nutritional awareness, and lack of agreed nutrition policies. We recommend all pediatric facilities to 1) implement procedures for identification of children with (risk of) DAU, including nutritional screening, criteria for further assessment to establish diagnosis of DAU, and follow‐up, 2) assess weight and height in all children asa minimum, and 3) have the opportunity for children at risk to be assessed by a hospital dietitian. An updated descriptive definition of pediatric DAU is proposed as “Undernutrition is a condition resulting from imbalanced nutrition or abnormal utilization of nutrients which causes clinically meaningful adverse effects on tissue function and/or body size/composition with subsequent impact on health outcomes.” To facilitate comparison of undernutrition data, it is advised that in addition to commonly used criteria for undernutrition such as z score < −2 for weight‐for‐age, weight‐for‐length, or body mass index <−2, an unintentional decline of >1inthese z scores over time should be considered as an indicator requiring further assessment to establish DAU diagnosis. Since the etiology of DAU is multifactorial, clinical evaluation and anthropometry should ideally be complemented by measurements of body composition, assessment of nutritional intake, requirements, and losses, and considering disease specific factors.
The Role of Surgical Management in Chronic Pancreatitis in Children
Authors: Nathan Jaimie D. , Ellery Kate , Balakrishnan Keshawadhana , Bhatt Heli , Ganoza Armando , Husain Sohail Z. , Kumar Rakesh , Morinville Veronique D. , Quiros J. Antonio , Schwarzenberg Sarah J. , Sellers Zachary M. , Uc Aliye , Abu‐El‐Haija Maisam 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is rare in childhood but impactful because of its high disease burden. There is limited literature regarding the management of CP in children, specifically about the various surgical approaches. Herein, we summarize the current pediatric and adult literature and provide recommendations for the surgical management of CP in children.Methods:The literature review was performed to include the scope of the problem, indications for operation, conventional surgical options as well as total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, and outcomes following operations for CP.Results:Surgery is indicated for children with debilitating CP who have failed maximal medical and endoscopic interventions. Surgical management must be tailored to the patient's unique needs, considering the anatomy and morphology of their disease. A conventional surgical approach (eg, drainage operation, partial resection, combination drainage‐resection) may be considered in the presence of significant and uniform pancreatic duct dilation or an inflammatory head mass. Total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation is the best surgical option in patients with small duct disease. The presence of genetic risk factors often portends a suboptimal outcome following a conventional operation.Conclusions:The morphology of disease and the presence of genetic risk factors must be considered while determining the optimal surgical approach for children with CP. Surgical outcomes for CP are variable and depend on the type of intervention. A multidisciplinary team approach is needed to assure that the best possible operation is selected for each patient, their recovery is optimized, and their immediate and long‐term postoperative needs are well‐met.
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Helicobacter Pylori‐negative Chronic Gastritis in Children
Authors: Virkkula Anni , Kivela Laura , Hiltunen Pauliina , Sotka Antti , Huhtala Heini , Kurppa Kalle , Repo Marleena 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:The clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori‐negative chronic gastritis (HPNCG) in children is unclear. We examined this issue in patients who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy with systematic gastric sampling.Methods:Data of 1178 consecutive children who underwent diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy were collected. Baseline characteristics and long‐term outcomes were compared between children with active and inactive HPNCG and those with normal gastric histology. Follow‐up data were available for up to 13 years.Results:Altogether 24 (2.0%) children had active and 235 (19.9%) inactive HPNCG, 27 (2.3%) were Hpylori‐positive, 46 (3.9%) had other gastric pathology, and 846 (71.8%) normal histology. Diarrhea (31.3% vs 25.1%, P = 0.033), poor growth (23.6% vs 14.7%, P < 0.001), bloody stools (13.9% vs 7.2%, P < 0.001), anemia (46.5% vs 23.4%, P < 0.001), hypersedimentation (39.7% vs 21.4%, P < 0.001), hypoalbuminemia (40.4% vs 16.2%, P < 0.001), and elevated fecal calprotectin (62.4% vs 31.5%, P < 0.001) were more common and heartburn (13.9% vs 22.9%, P = 0.002) less common in the HPNCG group than in the controls. Both active (OR 3.64,95% CI 1.35–9.82) andinactive (2.98, 2.18–4.08) HPNCG predicted a diagnosis in the initial investigations. Crohn disease (41.7%) was the most common diagnosis in active HPNCG and celiac disease (37.4%) in inactive HPNCG. During follow‐up, 7 (9.9%) of the 71 initially nondiagnosed HPNCG children received a diagnosis.Conclusions:HPNCG is a frequent finding in children undergoing EGD, the active form being associated especially with Crohn disease and the inactive with celiac disease. The long‐term prognosis of patients with HPNCG who do not receive an initial diagnosis is good.