bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New evidence of moral hazard: Environmental liability insurance and firms' environmental performance
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Ding Xiaoxiao , Lou Pingyi , Song Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper provides novel evidence of the moral hazard problem in environmental insurance by investigating the effect of environmental liability insurance (ELI) on firms' environmental performance. Using the staggered adoption of ELI policies in China as a quasi‐natural experiment, we employ a difference‐in‐differences setup based on a comprehensive firm‐level data set. We find that the adoption of ELI policies significantly reduces firms' efforts in treating water pollution. The negative estimate indicates a moral hazard problem and is the opposite of the positive estimates found mainly in studies that focus on US firms. We further find that the negative effect is lessened for firms in strictly supervised regions and for firms with strong environmental awareness. This paper is one of the first to evaluate environmental insurance in developing economies and provides novel evidence on moral hazard in environmental liability insurance markets.
Chemical and nutritional composition of Pamir yak milk from Xinjiang
Authors: Mamet Torkun , Xu Bing‐jie , Li Xiaotong , Zhang Jin , Li Caihong , Wang Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPamir yak milk is considered to be ideal food for local people, but its nutritional profile has not yet been reported. This study investigated the chemical and nutritional composition of Pamir yak milk, and compared the results with reference composition of goat and cow milk. We found that the Pamir yak milk had higher contents of protein (4.30%), fat (4.63), lactose (5.21%) and total solid (14.84%) than that of goat and cow milk. The predominant amino acids were glutamate (20%), proline (10%), lysine (10%) and leucine (10%), of which the essential amino acids accounted for 48% of the total amino acids. Meanwhile, Pamir yak milk was rich in minerals such as Ca, Fe, Zn and Mg and thiamine (B1), niacin (B3), Pyridoxine (B6) and cobalamin (B12) were higher than those of cow and goat milk. Also, medium‐chain fatty acids (C12−C16) exhibited the highest level. However, The α ‐linolenic acid (C18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were found in yak milk. All of the above‐mentioned differences were demonstrated by the fact that the yak milk quality may be affecting by pasture production, animal species and nutritive value of the herbage. Therefore, Pamir yak milk is a promising alternative food that may contribute to human health.
Effects of soybean hulls and corn stalk on the performance, colostrum composition and faecal microflora of pregnant sows
Authors: Gao Tie , Chen Xueying , Liu Zhen , Diao Xinping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of soybean hulls and corn stalk in high‐fibre gestation diet on the performance, colostrum composition and faecal microbiota of sows. Forty first‐farrowing Danish Landrace sows were randomly assigned to five dietary treatment groups. The control (CON, 3.15% crude fibre) group was fed a normal diet, and the treatment groups were soybean hulls low‐fibre (SHL, 6.00% crude fibre) group, soybean hulls high‐fibre (SHH, 8.00% crude fibre) group, corn stalk low‐fibre (CSL, 6.00% crude fibre) group and corn stalk high‐fibre (CSH, 8.00% crude fibre) group. The weaning weight of the litter and the average daily feed intake of the lactating sows in the SHL, SHH and CSH groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). The immunoglobulin A and G levels of the colostrum in the SHL, SHH, CSL and CSH groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05), and the immunoglobulin M levels in the SHL, SHH and CSH groups were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level in the CON group was higher than that in the CSL, CSH and SHH groups (p < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillaceae at the family level in the SHH and CSL groups were higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Lactobacillus at the genus level in the SHH and CSL groups were higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SHH group had the best effect, and the optimal crude fibre level in the gestation diet of sows is 8%.
Diagnosis and histopathologic prognostication of canine melanocytic neoplasms: A consensus of the Oncology‐Pathology Working Group
Authors: Smedley Rebecca C. , Bongiovanni Laura , Bacmeister Cynthia , Clifford Craig A. , Christensen Neil , Dreyfus Jennifer M. , Gary Joy M. , Pavuk Alana , Rowland Peter H. , Swanson Christine , Tripp Chelsea , Woods J. Paul , Bergman Philip J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the primary objectives of the Oncology Pathology Working Group (OPWG) is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects of and provide guidelines for veterinary oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through review of relevant peer‐reviewed literature relative to a subgroup's particular focus. In this article, the authors provide a critical review of the current literature for the diagnosis of, and histopathologic prognostication for, canine cutaneous and oral/lip melanocytic neoplasms, suggest guidelines for reporting, provide recommendations for clinical interpretation, and discuss future directions. This document represents the opinions of the working group and the authors and does not constitute a formal endorsement by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine or the Veterinary Cancer Society.
Clinical and clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and outcome for dogs and cats with confirmed foxtail foreign body lesions: 791 cases (2009–2018)
Authors: Philp Helen S. , Epstein Steven E. , Hopper Kate 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical and clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and outcome for dogs and cats with a confirmed foxtail.DesignRetrospective study utilizing a medical records database over a 10‐year period from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsSeven hundred and fifty‐four dogs and 37 cats with a diagnosis of foxtail foreign body. Cases with direct visualization by a clinician or on histopathology were included. Information extracted for each case included signalment; anatomical foxtail location; clinicopathological and imaging findings; treatments and interventions provided; and outcome.Measurements and Main ResultsThe prevalence of foxtail associated disease was 0.25% in dogs and 0.07% in cats over this time period. Most animals were young to middle‐aged and presented in the summer months. The most common location in dogs was the aural canal, cutaneous/subcutaneous space, and nasal canal. In cats, ocular foxtails were most common (30/37). Blood work changes were nonspecific. Ultrasound supervised by a boarded radiologist was utilized in 114 cases, mainly for subcutaneous, sublumbar, and intracavitary foxtail locations, with successful location of a foxtail in 72.8% of cases scanned. Computed tomography was performed in 78 dogs with suspected intracavitary foxtail migration, and in all cases, structural changes related to the presence of the foxtail were found. Anerobic bacteria were most commonly isolated when a culture was submitted, with Actinomyces spp. rarely isolated. The most common of the 120 anaerobic isolates were Bacteroides/Prevotella spp. (n = 38), Fusobacterium spp. (n = 32), and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (n = 30).ConclusionsThe short‐term outcome for foxtail‐associated lesions is good, and most cases can be managed on an outpatient basis. A minority of cases develop life‐threatening disease and may require a multidisciplinary approach of multimodal imaging, endoscopy, or surgery.
The problem of paleo-planforms
Authors: Lyster Sinéad J. , Whittaker Alexander C. , Hajek Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Reconstructing river planform is crucial to understanding ancient fluvial systems on Earth and other planets. Paleo-planform is typically interpreted from qualitative facies interpretations of fluvial strata, but these can be inconsistent with quantitative approaches. We tested three well-known hydraulic planform predictors in Cretaceous fluvial strata (in Utah, USA) where there is a facies-derived consensus on paleo-planform. However, the results of each predictor are inconsistent with facies interpretations and with each other. We found that one of these predictors is analytically best suited for geologic application but favors single-thread planforms. Given that this predictor was originally tested using just 53 data points from natural rivers, we compiled a new data set of hydraulic geometries in natural rivers (n = 1688), which spanned &gt;550 globally widespread, sand- and gravel-bed rivers from various climate and vegetative regimes. We found that the existing criteria misclassified 65% of multithread rivers in our data set, but modification resulted in a useful predictor. We show that depth/width (H/W) ratio alone is sufficient to discriminate between single-thread (H/W &gt; 0.02) and multithread (H/W &lt; 0.02) rivers, suggesting bank cohesion may be a critical determinant of planform. Further, we show that the slope/Froude (S/Fr) ratio is useful to discriminate process in multithread rivers; i.e., whether generation of new threads is an avulsion-dominated (anastomosing) or bifurcation-dominated (braided) process. Multithread rivers are likely to be anastomosing when S/Fr &lt; 0.003 (shallower slopes) and braided when S/Fr &gt; 0.003 (steeper slopes). Our criteria successfully discriminate planform in modern rivers and our geologic examples, and they offer an effective approach to predict planform in the geologic past on Earth and on other planets.
Comparing modelled with self-reported travel time and the used versus the nearest facility: modelling geographic accessibility to family planning outlets in Kenya
Authors: Bouanchaud Paul , Macharia Peter M , Demise Eden G , Nakimuli Doreen 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionGeographic access to family planning (FP) services has been characterised through a variety of proximity metrics. However, there is little evidence on the validity of women’s self-reported compared with modelled travel time to an FP outlet, or between different distance measures.MethodsWe used data from four urban sites in Kenya. A longitudinal FP outlet census was directly linked with data from cross-sectional FP user surveys. We combined characteristics of outlet visited to obtain FP, transport mode, self-reported travel time and location of households and outlets with data on road networks, elevation, land use and travel barriers within a cost-distance algorithm to compute modelled travel time, route and Euclidean distance between households and outlets. We compared modelled and self-reported travel times, Euclidean and route distances and the use of visited versus nearest facility.Results931 contraceptive users were directly linked to their FP source. Self-reported travel times were consistently and significantly higher than modelled times, with greater differences for those using vehicles rather than walking. Modelled and Euclidean distances were similar in the four geographies. 20% of women used their nearest FP outlet while 52% went to their nearest outlet when conditional on it offering their most recently used FP method.ConclusionIn urban areas with high facility density and good road connectivity, over half of FP users visited their nearest outlet with their chosen method available. In these settings, Euclidean distances were sufficient to characterise geographic proximity; however, reported and modelled travel times differed across all sites.
Methanol-induced parkinsonism and cerebral vasculopathy due to perfume inhalation
Authors: B Mohammed Walaa , Tarabzouni Salma , Bohlega Saeed 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMethanol (methyl alcohol) is a form of toxic alcohol that is found in illicit alcohol as well as household products such as solvents and paint removers. The most common cause of methanol poisoning is through ingestion of adulterated alcohol; however, other routes of poisoning may also occur including cutaneous exposure and, rarely, inhalation.Methods/resultsWe are reporting a case of a young woman with vision loss, parkinsonism and widespread cerebral artery spasms due to methanol inhalation from domestically made perfume.ConclusionOur case highlights the increased need for awareness on the part of the public and health authorities with regard to the manufacturing and use of homemade perfumes produced with poorly processed alcohol having a high methyl alcohol content.
COVID-19, body weight and the neighbourhood: food system dimensions and consumption associated with changes in body weight of Peruvian adults during first wave lockdowns
Authors: Rojas Huayta Violeta Magdalena , Galvez-Davila Rocio , Calvo-Torres Oscar , Cardozo Alarcón Vanessa , Aparco Juan Pablo , Silva Fhon Jack Roberto , Estrada-Acero Bill , Jaimes-Velásquez Carlos , Céspedes-Panduro Bernardo , Espinoza-Bernardo Sissy , Dolores-Maldonado Gandy , Ramírez Ramírez Rofilia , Gallo Ruelas Mariano , Arteaga-Romero Irene , Higa Ana Maria 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess changes in the dimensions of the food system and consumption associated with body weight variations during the first month’s lockdown in Peruvian adults in Metropolitan Lima.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted during the first months of lockdowns in Peru. 694 adults completed a web-based survey about changes experienced in the process of acquiring food during lockdown, changes in their intake and self-perceived body weight. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with changes in body weight.ResultsWeight gain was perceived in 38% of the participants and 22.8% perceived weight loss. 39.2% did not perceive changes in their weight. Risk factors for body weight gain were increased alcohol consumption (OR=4.510, 95% CI 1.764 to 11.531) and decreased fruit consumption (OR=2.129, 95% CI 1.290 to 3.515), while decreasing cereal intake (OR=0.498, 95% CI 0.269 to 0.922) and choosing nutritious food as a driver for purchase (OR=0.512, 95% CI 0.320 to 0.821) were found to be protective against gaining weight. Decreasing food intake during the pandemic (OR=2.188, 95% CI 1.348 to 3.550) and having to miss important foods (OR=2.354, 95% CI 1.393 to 3.978), were associated with weight loss.ConclusionsDuring confinement, weight gain was mostly associated with food consumption and personal food system factors. Meanwhile, weight loss was associated with external food system factors.
General practitioner gender and use of diagnostic procedures: a French cross-sectional study in training practices
Authors: Bouissiere Amandine , Laperrouse Marine , Panjo Henri , Ringa Virginie , Rigal Laurent , Letrilliart Laurent 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe acceleration in the number of female doctors has led to questions about differences in how men and women practice medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of general practitioner (GP) gender on the use of the three main categories of diagnostic procedures—clinical examinations, laboratory tests and imaging investigations.DesignCross-sectional nationwide multicentre study.SettingFrench training general practices.ParticipantsThe patient sample included all the voluntary patients over a cumulative period of 5 days per office between November 2011 and April 2012. The GP sample included 85 males and 43 females.Methods54 interns in general practice, observing their GP supervisors, collected data about the characteristics of GPs and consultations, as well as the health problems managed during the visit and the processes of care associated with them. Using hierarchical multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models, we performed multivariable analyses to assess differences in each of the three main categories of diagnostic procedures, and two specific multivariable analyses for each category, distinguishing screening from diagnostic or follow-up procedures. We searched for interactions between GP gender and patient gender or type of health problem managed.ResultsThis analysis of 45 582 health problems managed in 20 613 consultations showed that female GPs performed more clinical examinations than male GPs, both for screening (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.58) and for diagnostic or follow-up purposes (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.84). Female GPs also ordered laboratory tests for diagnostic or follow-up purposes more frequently (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.43). Female GPs performed even more clinical examinations than male GPs to diagnose or follow-up injuries (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.40).ConclusionFurther research on the appropriateness of diagnostic procedures is required to determine to what extent these differences are related to underuse or overuse.
Effectiveness of interventions for improving timely diagnosis of breast and cervical cancers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Nnaji Chukwudi A , Kuodi Paul , Walter Fiona M , Moodley Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo systematically synthesise available evidence on the nature and effectiveness of interventions for improving timely diagnosis of breast and cervical cancers in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignA systematic review of published evidence. The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.Data sourcesA comprehensive search of published literature was conducted. In addition, relevant grey literature sources and bibliographical references of included studies were searched for potentially eligible evidence.Study selectionStudies published between January 2010 and November 2020 were eligible for inclusion. To be eligible, studies had to report on interventions/strategies targeted at women, the general public or healthcare workers, aimed at improving the timely diagnosis of breast and/or cervical cancers in LMIC settings.Data extraction and synthesisLiterature search, screening, study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal were conducted by two independent reviewers. Evidence was synthesised and reported using a global taxonomy framework for early cancer diagnosis.ResultsFrom the total of 10 593 records identified, 21 studies conducted across 20 LMICs were included in this review. Most of the included studies (16/21) focused primarily on interventions addressing breast cancers; two focused on cervical cancer while the rest examined multiple cancer types. Reported interventions targeted healthcare workers (12); women and adolescent girls (7) and both women and healthcare workers (3). Eight studies reported on interventions addressing access delays; seven focused on interventions addressing diagnostic delays; two reported on interventions targeted at addressing both access and diagnostic delays, and four studies assessed interventions addressing access, diagnostic and treatment delays. While most interventions were demonstrated to be feasible and effective, many of the reported outcome measures are of limited clinical relevance to diagnostic timeliness.ConclusionsThough limited, evidence suggests that interventions aimed at addressing barriers to timely diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer are feasible in resource-limited contexts. Future interventions need to address clinically relevant measures to better assess efficacy of interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177232.
Characterising Kenyan hospitals’ suitability for medical officer internship training: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Yingxi , Osano Boniface , Were Fred , Kiarie Helen , Nicodemo Catia , Gathara David , English Mike 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo characterise the capacity of Kenya internship hospitals to understand whether they are suitable to provide internship training for medical doctors.DesignA secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional health facility assessment (Kenya Harmonized Health Facility Assessment (KHFA) 2018).Setting and populationWe analysed 61 out of all 74 Kenyan hospitals that provide internship training for medical doctors.Outcome measuresComparing against the minimum requirement outlined in the national guidelines for medical officer interns, we filtered and identified 166 indicators from the KHFA survey questionnaire and grouped them into 12 domains. An overall capacity index was calculated as the mean of 12 domain-specific scores for each facility.ResultsThe average overall capacity index is 69% (95% CI 66% to 72%) for all internship training centres. Hospitals have moderate capacity (over 60%) for most of the general domains, although there is huge variation between hospitals and only 29 out of 61 hospitals have five or more specialists assigned, employed, seconded or part-time—as required by the national guideline. Quality and safety score was low across all hospitals with an average score of 40%. As for major specialties, all hospitals have good capacity for surgery and obstetrics-gynaecology, while mental health was poorest in comparison. Level 5 and 6 facilities (provincial and national hospitals) have higher capacity scores in all domains when compared with level 4 hospitals (equivalent to district hospitals).ConclusionMajor gaps exist in staffing, equipment and service availability of Kenya internship hospitals. Level 4 hospitals (equivalent to district hospitals) are more likely to have a lower capacity index, leading to low quality of care, and should be reviewed and improved to provide appropriate and well-resourced training for interns and to use appropriate resources to avoid improvising.