bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on Concentric Gravity Wave Sources Over the Brazilian Equatorial Region
Authors: Nyassor P. K. , Wrasse C. M. , Paulino I. , Gobbi D. , Yiğit E. , Takahashi H. , Batista P. P. , Naccarato K. P. , Buriti R. A. , Paulino A. R. , Barros D. , Figueiredo C. A. O. B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObservations of concentric gravity waves (CGWs) in the OH airglow emission over the Brazilian equatorial region are presented. An all‐sky imager installed at São João do Cariri [7.4°S, 36.5°W] was used to acquire near‐infrared OH images. Using over 19 years of observational data from 2000 to 2019, more than 1,052 clear sky nights of airglow data were acquired with a total of 25 observed CGW cases. Three CGW events were selected for this study. These waves had small‐scale characteristics and well‐defined concentric structures. The selected CGW events showed horizontal wavelengths λH ∼ 31.9, 42.5, and 30.9 km, horizontal phase speeds cH ∼ 49.2, 57.6, and 74.1 m/s, and periods τ ∼ 10.8, 12.3, and 7.0 min, respectively. The CGW structures were well defined, with coherent wave patterns expanding concentrically from the source point, with the observed events having semi‐circle or arc‐like and semi‐elliptical shapes. We found the occurrence of the CGWs to coincide with the seasons of intense tropospheric convective activity and low background winds. This suggests little or no wave breaking, critical level absorption, and filtering or reflection, thereby allowing the CGWs to propagate up to the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. Using backward ray tracing, we also found the positions and times where and when the ray paths reached the tropopause. The tropopause positions and times of two of the CGW events coincide with active convective systems with cold cloud top temperatures. However, the tropopause position of one of the 3 CGW events did not coincide with any active convective system, suggesting that this CGW was most likely generated in‐situ.
Regimes of Sea‐Ice Floe Melt: Ice‐Ocean Coupling at the Submesoscales
Authors: Gupta Mukund , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMarginal ice zones are composed of discrete sea‐ice floes, whose dynamics are not well captured by the continuum representation of sea ice in most climate models. This study makes use of an ocean large eddy simulation (LES) model, coupled to cylindrical sea‐ice floes, to investigate thermal and mechanical interactions between melt‐induced submesoscale features and sea‐ice floes, during summer conditions. We explore the sensitivity of sea‐ice melt rates and upper‐ocean turbulence properties to floe size, ice‐ocean drag, and surface winds. Under low wind conditions, upper ocean turbulence transports warm cyclonic filaments from the open ocean toward the center of the floes and enhances their basal melt. This heat transport is partially suppressed by trapping of ice within cold anticyclonic features. When winds are stronger, melt rates are enhanced by the decoupling of floes from the cold, melt‐induced lens underneath sea ice. Distinct dynamical regimes emerge in which the influence of warm filaments on sea‐ice melt is mitigated by the strength of ice‐ocean coupling and eddy size relative to floe size. Simple scaling laws, which may help parameterize these processes in coarse continuum‐based sea‐ice models, successfully capture floe melt rates under these limiting regimes.
Analysis of the Radio Solar Telescope Network's Noon Flux Observations Over Three Solar Cycles (1988–2020)
Authors: Giersch O. , Kennewell J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Sun is a readily accessible source of wideband noise that can be used for the calibration of a wide variety of radio systems. Since 1979 the United States Air Force Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) has performed solar flux observations around noon on eight frequencies between 245 and 15,400 MHz. These fluxes are disseminated by the National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and are used by many radio and radar system operators to perform system calibration. Little analysis has been performed on the RSTN noon flux values. Here we review the calibration procedures of RSTN and perform statistical tests between the four sites comprising RSTN. For system operators who require precise system calibration the noted variations may be large enough to cast doubt on RSTN flux values for such calibration. However, for many communication systems a calibration within one or two dB is adequate. We discuss the reported variation both in linear and logarithmic terms. When it is possible to used smoothed data the inter‐site variation becomes less of a problem, although the correlation between sites at Ku band (15,400 MHz) still appears excessively large. We update some simple empirical models for wideband solar flux based purely on the 10 cm flux at any time, as these have also been used in solar radio calibration procedures. We give practical advice on the use of solar flux for radio system calibration and make some recommendations that we believe could improve the accuracy and utility of solar radio flux reports.
A New Method for In Situ Measurement of the Erosion Threshold of River Channels
Authors: Dunne K. B. J. , Arratia P. E. , Jerolmack D. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe vast majority of alluvial deposits have some degree of cohesion, typically due to the presence of clays and/or organic matter. Determining the threshold fluid shear stress, τc, necessary to entrain these sediments is essential for predicting erosion rates and morphodynamics of rivers, tidal channels, and coasts. Cohesive sediments present a greater challenge than noncohesive sand and gravel beds due to the sensitivity of τc to such factors as compaction, aggregation, and particle surface chemistry. All of those factors may be altered if bed and bank sediments are extracted for later analysis in the laboratory. Environments with mixed cohesive and noncohesive materials are common, such as sand‐bedded rivers with muddy banks; it is therefore desirable to have a method for in situ measurement of τc across a very wide range. We present a novel instrument that is capable of reproducibly determining τc for submerged cohesive and noncohesive sediments in situ. The instrument has several advantages over alternative methods, including ease of implementation in the field, and a fluid shear that is more representative of natural flows. The device incorporates common and low‐cost components integrated with an Arduino microcontroller, which may receive commands from a mobile phone. We demonstrate our instrument's capabilities in gravel, sand, and clay‐sand mixtures prepared in the laboratory, and present a proof of concept field deployment in a wadeable stream. Additionally, we provide the necessary schematics, parts lists, code, and calibration procedures for the interested reader to build their own version of the instrument.
Relationships between intrauterine fetal growth trajectories and markers of adiposity and inflammation in young adults
Authors: Yadav Ashish , Beilin Lawrence J. , Huang Rae-Chi , Vlaskovsky Phil , Newnham John P. , White Scott W. , Mori Trevor A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is now good evidence that events during gestation significantly influence the developmental well-being of an individual in later life. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between intrauterine growth trajectories determined by serial ultrasound and subsequent markers of adiposity and inflammation in the 27-year-old adult offspring from the Raine Study, an Australian longitudinal pregnancy cohort.MethodsUltrasound fetal biometric measurements including abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and head circumference (HC) from 1333 mother-fetal pairs (Gen1–Gen2) in the Raine Study were used to develop fetal growth trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling. Linear mixed modeling investigated the relationship between adult body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) of Gen2 at 20 (n = 485), 22 (n = 421) and 27 (n = 437) years and the fetal growth trajectory groups, adjusting for age, sex, adult lifestyle factors, and maternal factors during pregnancy.ResultsSeven AC, five FL and five HC growth trajectory groups were identified. Compared to the average-stable (reference) group, a lower adult BMI was observed in two falling AC trajectories: (β = −1.45 kg/m2, 95% CI: −2.43 to −0.46,P = 0.004) and (β = −1.01 kg/m2, 95% CI: −1.96 to −0.05,P = 0.038). Conversely, higher adult BMI (2.58 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.98 to 4.18,P = 0.002) and hs-CRP (37%, 95% CI: 9–73%,P = 0.008) were observed in a rising FL trajectory compared to the reference group. A high-stable HC trajectory associated with 20% lower adult hs-CRP (95% CI: 5–33%,P = 0.011).ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of understanding causes of the unique patterns of intrauterine growth. Different fetal growth trajectories from early pregnancy associate with subsequent adult adiposity and inflammation, which predispose to the risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disease.
dock8 deficiency attenuates microglia colonization in early zebrafish larvae
Authors: Wu Linxiu , Xue Rongtao , Chen Jiahao , Xu Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicroglia are tissue-resident macrophages that carry out immune functions in the brain. The deficiency or dysfunction of microglia has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. DOCK8, a member of the DOCK family, functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and plays key roles in immune regulation and neurological diseases. The functions of DOCK8 in microglia development are not fully understood. Here, we generated zebrafish dock8 mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and showed that dock8 mutations attenuate microglia colonization in the zebrafish midbrain at early larvae stages. In vivo time-lapse imaging revealed that the motility of macrophages was reduced in the dock8 mutant. We further found that cdc42/cdc42l, which encode the small GTPase activated by Dock8, also regulate microglia colonization in zebrafish. Collectively, our study suggests that the Dock8-Cdc42 pathway is required for microglia colonization in zebrafish larvae.
A nanoengineered topical transmucosal cisplatin delivery system induces anti-tumor response in animal models and patients with oral cancer
Authors: Goldberg Manijeh , Manzi Aaron , Birdi Amritpreet , Laporte Brandon , Conway Peter , Cantin Stefanie , Mishra Vasudha , Singh Alka , Pearson Alexander T. , Goldberg Eric R. , Goldberger Sam , Flaum Benjamin , Hasina Rifat , London Nyall R. , Gallia Gary L. , Bettegowda Chetan , Young Simon , Sandulache Vlad , Melville James , Shum Jonathan , O’Neill Sonya E. , Aydin Erkin , Zhavoronkov Alex , Vidal Anxo , Soto Atenea , Alonso Maria Jose , Rosenberg Ari J. , Lingen Mark W. , D’Cruz Anil , Agrawal Nishant , Izumchenko Evgeny 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite therapeutic advancements, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) remains a difficult disease to treat. Systemic platinum-based chemotherapy often leads to dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), affecting quality of life. PRV111 is a nanotechnology-based system for local delivery of cisplatin loaded chitosan particles, that penetrate tumor tissue and lymphatic channels while avoiding systemic circulation and toxicity. Here we evaluate PRV111 using animal models of oral cancer, followed by a clinical trial in patients with OCSCC. In vivo, PRV111 results in elevated cisplatin retention in tumors and negligible systemic levels, compared to the intravenous, intraperitoneal or intratumoral delivery. Furthermore, PRV111 produces robust anti-tumor responses in subcutaneous and orthotopic cancer models and results in complete regression of carcinogen-induced premalignant lesions. In a phase 1/2, open-label, single-arm trial (NCT03502148), primary endpoints of efficacy (≥30% tumor volume reduction) and safety (incidence of DLTs) of neoadjuvant PRV111 were reached, with 69% tumor reduction in ~7 days and over 87% response rate. Secondary endpoints (cisplatin biodistribution, loco-regional control, and technical success) were achieved. No DLTs or drug-related serious adverse events were reported. No locoregional recurrences were evident in 6 months. Integration of PRV111 with current standard of care may improve health outcomes and survival of patients with OCSCC.
Cryo-EM structures of the channelrhodopsin ChRmine in lipid nanodiscs
Authors: Tucker Kyle , Sridharan Savitha , Adesnik Hillel , Brohawn Stephen G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrobial channelrhodopsins are light-gated ion channels widely used for optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity. ChRmine is a bacteriorhodopsin-like cation channelrhodopsin (BCCR) more closely related to ion pump rhodopsins than other channelrhodopsins. ChRmine displays unique properties favorable for optogenetics including high light sensitivity, a broad, red-shifted activation spectrum, cation selectivity, and large photocurrents, while its slow closing kinetics impedes some applications. The structural basis for ChRmine function, or that of any other BCCR, is unknown. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of ChRmine in lipid nanodiscs in apo (opsin) and retinal-bound (rhodopsin) forms. The structures reveal an unprecedented trimeric architecture with a lipid filled central pore. Large electronegative cavities on either side of the membrane facilitate high conductance and selectivity for cations over protons. The retinal binding pocket structure suggests channel properties could be tuned with mutations and we identify ChRmine variants with ten-fold decreased and two-fold increased closing rates. A T119A mutant shows favorable properties relative to wild-type and previously reported ChRmine variants for optogenetics. These results provide insight into structural features that generate an ultra-potent microbial opsin and provide a platform for rational engineering of channelrhodopsins with improved properties that could expand the scale, depth, and precision of optogenetic experiments.
Terrigenous dissolved organic matter persists in the energy-limited deep groundwaters of the Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Osterholz Helena , Turner Stephanie , Alakangas Linda J. , Tullborg Eva-Lena , Dittmar Thorsten , Kalinowski Birgitta E. , Dopson Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe deep terrestrial biosphere encompasses the life below the photosynthesis-fueled surface that perseveres in typically nutrient and energy depleted anoxic groundwaters. The composition and cycling of this vast dissolved organic matter (DOM) reservoir relevant to the global carbon cycle remains to be deciphered. Here we show that recent Baltic Sea-influenced to ancient pre-Holocene saline Fennoscandian Shield deep bedrock fracture waters carried DOM with a strong terrigenous signature and varying contributions from abiotic and biotic processes. Removal of easily degraded carbon at the surface-to-groundwater transition and corresponding microbial community assembly processes likely resulted in the highly similar DOM signatures across the notably different water types that selected for a core microbiome. In combination with the aliphatic character, depleted δ13C signatures in DOM indicated recent microbial production in the oldest, saline groundwater. Our study revealed the persistence of terrestrially-sourced carbon in severely energy limited deep continental groundwaters supporting deep microbial life.
Halogenation of tyrosine perturbs large-scale protein self-organization
Authors: Sun Huan , Jia Haiyang , Kendall Olivia , Dragelj Jovan , Kubyshkin Vladimir , Baumann Tobias , Mroginski Maria-Andrea , Schwille Petra , Budisa Nediljko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtein halogenation is a common non-enzymatic post-translational modification contributing to aging, oxidative stress-related diseases and cancer. Here, we report a genetically encodable halogenation of tyrosine residues in a reconstituted prokaryotic filamentous cell-division protein (FtsZ) as a platform to elucidate the implications of halogenation that can be extrapolated to living systems of much higher complexity. We show how single halogenations can fine-tune protein structures and dynamics of FtsZ with subtle perturbations collectively amplified by the process of FtsZ self-organization. Based on experiments and theories, we have gained valuable insights into the mechanism of halogen influence. The bending of FtsZ structures occurs by affecting surface charges and internal domain distances and is reflected in the decline of GTPase activities by reducing GTP binding energy during polymerization. Our results point to a better understanding of the physiological and pathological effects of protein halogenation and may contribute to the development of potential diagnostic tools.
MARTX toxin of Vibrio vulnificus induces RBC phosphatidylserine exposure that can contribute to thrombosis
Authors: Chung Han Young , Bian Yiying , Lim Kyung-Min , Kim Byoung Sik , Choi Sang Ho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractV. vulnificus-infected patients suffer from hemolytic anemia and circulatory lesions, often accompanied by venous thrombosis. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of venous thrombosis associated with V. vulnificus infection remains largely unknown. Herein, V. vulnificus infection at the sub-hemolytic level induced shape change of human red blood cells (RBCs) accompanied by phosphatidylserine exposure, and microvesicle generation, leading to the procoagulant activation of RBCs and ultimately, acquisition of prothrombotic activity. Of note, V. vulnificus exposed to RBCs substantially upregulated the rtxA gene encoding multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin. Mutant studies showed that V. vulnificus-induced RBC procoagulant activity was due to the pore forming region of the MARTX toxin causing intracellular Ca2+ influx in RBCs. In a rat venous thrombosis model triggered by tissue factor and stasis, the V. vulnificus wild type increased thrombosis while the ΔrtxA mutant failed to increase thrombosis, confirming that V. vulnificus induces thrombosis through the procoagulant activation of RBCs via the mediation of the MARTX toxin.
Exploration of organic superionic glassy conductors by process and materials informatics with lossless graph database
Authors: Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Umeki Momoka , Adachi Hiroki , Kuwata Naoaki , Hasegawa Gen , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractData-driven material exploration is a ground-breaking research style; however, daily experimental results are difficult to record, analyze, and share. We report a data platform that losslessly describes the relationships of structures, properties, and processes as graphs in electronic laboratory notebooks. As a model project, organic superionic glassy conductors were explored by recording over 500 different experiments. Automated data analysis revealed the essential factors for a remarkable room temperature ionic conductivity of 10−4–10−3 S cm−1 and a Li+ transference number of around 0.8. In contrast to previous materials research, everyone can access all the experimental results, including graphs, raw measurement data, and data processing systems, at a public repository. Direct data sharing will improve scientific communication and accelerate integration of material knowledge.
Understanding drivers of vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Nigeria: A longitudinal study
Authors: Adeyanju Gbadebo Collins , Sprengholz Philipp , Betsch Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVaccine-preventable-diseases are major contributors to disease burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is dearth of knowledge on the drivers of childhood vaccine hesitancy in Nigeria and its impact on coverage. Although understudied, pregnant women are a particularly important vulnerable group and very relevant for childhood vaccination decisions. This study’s aims are to adapt Confidence, Complacency, Constraints, Calculation, and Collective Responsibility, also known as the 5C psychological antecedence scale for the Nigerian context and to measure predictors of intention to vaccinate among pregnant women (prenatal) and subsequent vaccination behavior (postnatal). It is a longitudinal study that used multi-stage sampling procedure. One healthcare facility was selected from each district in five regional clusters, from which 255 pregnant women were randomly drawn. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect relevant data, including the 5C and some additional variables. Multiple linear regression using backward elimination analysis was performed to identify intention at prenatal and behavior at postnatal. Pregnant women’s intention to vaccinate unborn children was lower if they were Muslims, had lower confidence in public health system, if husband approval was important, and if they believed in rumor. At postnatal, vaccination behavior was more likely to follow mothers’ religious beliefs, when confidence in vaccine effectiveness was high and when mothers felt responsible for the collective. However, everyday stress (constraints) related to less vaccination behavior, and intention did not predict actual vaccination behavior. The 5C scale needs revision before being widely used in Nigeria. Yet, it is a better tool for measuring vaccination behavior than intention.
Working correlates of protection predict SchuS4-derived-vaccine candidates with improved efficacy against an intracellular bacterium, Francisella tularensis
Authors: De Pascalis Roberto , Frey Blake , Rice Helen M. , Bhargava Varunika , Wu Terry H. , Peterson Ross L. , Conlan J. Wayne , Sjöstedt Anders , Elkins Karen L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrancisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is classified as Tier 1 Select Agent with bioterrorism potential. The efficacy of the only available vaccine, LVS, is uncertain and it is not licensed in the U.S. Previously, by using an approach generally applicable to intracellular pathogens, we identified working correlates that predict successful vaccination in rodents. Here, we applied these correlates to evaluate a panel of SchuS4-derived live attenuated vaccines, namely SchuS4-ΔclpB,ΔclpB-ΔfupA,ΔclpB-ΔcapB, andΔclpB-ΔwbtC. We combined in vitro co-cultures to quantify rodent T-cell functions and multivariate regression analyses to predict relative vaccine strength. The predictions were tested by rat vaccination and challenge studies, which demonstrated a clear relationship between the hierarchy of in vitro measurements and in vivo vaccine protection. Thus, these studies demonstrated the potential power a panel of correlates to screen and predict the efficacy ofFrancisellavaccine candidates, and in vivo studies in Fischer 344 rats confirmed that SchuS4-ΔclpBandΔclpB-ΔcapBmay be better vaccine candidates than LVS.
An evaluation of temporal and club angle parameters during golf swings using low cost video analyses packages
Authors: Hunter Henry H. , Ugbolue Ukadike C. , Sorbie Graeme G. , Lam Wing-Kai , Grace Fergal M. , Dello Iacono Antonio , Liang Minjun , Dutheil Frédéric , Gu Yaodong , Baker Julien S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare swing time and golf club angle parameters during golf swings using three, two dimensional (2D) low cost, Augmented-Video-based-Portable-Systems (AVPS) (Kinovea, SiliconCoach Pro, SiliconCoach Live). Twelve right-handed golfers performed three golf swings whilst being recorded by a high-speed 2D video camera. Footage was then analysed using AVPS-software and the results compared using both descriptive and inferential statistics. There were no significant differences for swing time and the golf phase measurements between the 2D and 3D software comparisons. In general, the results showed a high Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC > 0.929) and Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha (CCA > 0.924) reliability for both the kinematic and temporal parameters. The inter-rater reliability test for the swing time and kinematic golf phase measurements on average were strong. Irrespective of the AVPS software investigated, the cost effective AVPS can produce reliable output measures that benefit golf analyses.