bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error Analysis of Using Simple Present Tense in 8th Graders’ Descriptive Text
Authors: Fauziah Putri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract Simple Present Tense is element of grammar that said in tenses. It makes use of to specific day by day activities. Writer ought to use easy gift whilst they'll write approximately their activities. The facts evaluation became six steps through: mistakes detection, finding mistakes, describing mistakes, classifying mistakes, counting mistakes, and placing the end result into table.it became carried out in Junior High School in Sukodono, in particular Eighth Grade. The facts with the aid of using college students Eighth Grade to put in writing descriptive textual content with the aid of using the use of gift traumatic then their works became accumulated and analyzed to get the facts as goal as possible, in order that they may be higher in writing descriptive textual content with the aid of using the use of gift traumatic. After evaluation all textual content, the researcher determined a few locating of the research. Styles of mistakes determined in descriptive textual content in college students writing of the 8th grade of Junior High School in Sukodono, the researcher can discover a few reasons of mistakes. They are interlingual and intralingual switch. Interlingual switch is mistakes which might be inspired with the aid of using the interference of customers‟ mom tongue. The customers nevertheless observe Indonesian sample into English whilst they translate the sentences. Then Intralingual switch takes place whilst college students get problem analyze the second one language. They made mistakes is due to their mom tongue interference and logical questioning and now no longer doing exercise English well. Keywords: Simple Present, Error Analysis, Descriptive text
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ON STOCK RETURN IN RETAIL COMPANY
Authors: Santoso Indrie Gusta , Meidiaswati Harlina 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Investors need to understand the company's financial performance and other factors to make the right investment decisions. This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, liquidity, leverage, and firm size on stock returns.
Methods: This research is a quantitative study. A sample of 16 companies was taken purposively from 28 retail companies for the 2016-2020 period. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression
Results: Profitability (return on assets), liquidity (quick ratio), and firm size have no significant effect on stock returns, while leverage (debt to equity ratio) has a significant positive effect on stock returns.
Conclusion and suggestion: Further researchers can add other variables that are not included in this research model in order to find out the variables that can affect stock returns.
Efektifitas Media Edukasi Berbasis Audiovisual terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keluarga Lansia Hipertansi dalam Mencegah COVID-19
Authors: Ni Luh Putu Dian Yunita Sari  , Martini Ni Made Dwi Ayu , Darmaja Ketut , Satryani Ni Luh Susanti , Dewi I Gusti Agung Kumala 
Published: December 2022

Background: One of the vulnerable population in the COVID-19 pandemic is the elderly with hypertension. The family as a support system for the elderly in dealing with illness must have good knowledge and attitudes.
Purpose: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of audiovisual-based educational media "Controlling Video" on the knowledge and attitudes of elderly families with hypertension in preventing covid-19.
Research method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a control group. Purposive sampling was chosen and the number of samples obtained was 64 people. The group was given audiovisual media "Controllers Video" for four weeks via whatsapp, while the control group was given media leaflets after the entire series of interventions was completed. The results of data collection were processed by the Mann-Whitney test after obtaining data that were not normally distributed.
Results: There was a significant difference in the older people family with hypertension (p value <0.001) and there was a significant difference in the attitude of the elderly family with hypertension in preventing COVID-19 between the intervention and control groups (p value = 0.006).
Conclusion: The results of this study can be used as study material to provide family-based interventions in improving efforts to prevent COVID-19.
An ecological analysis to examine stigma and undiagnosed HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 2017
Authors: Babel Riddhi Ashok , Alessi Edward J , Al-Tayyib Alia , Kuo Irene , Opoku Jenevieve , Tate Ashley , Fahad Anindita , Wogayehu Afework , Orellana Roberto , Wei Chongyi , Raymond Henry F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infections however, at present, there is no study that compares and evaluates the association of perceived HIV stigma, gay related enacted stigma, and undiagnosed HIV infections among MSM by geographic region in the United States (U.S). This ecological study identifies clusters of cities with similar stigma measures in the U.S.
Methods: We conducted the analysis using data from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) collected during the 2017 MSM cycle. We used unsupervised machine learning procedure known as k-means clustering to identify clusters of cities with similar stigma measures. We also examined correlations between percentages of undiagnosed HIV infections both with perceived HIV stigma and gay related enacted stigma. In addition, we used American Community Survey (ACS), 2013-2017, data to characterize each city in terms of key population level characteristics.
Results: Cities were grouped in two distinct clusters after the implementation of the clustering technique; each cluster was different in terms of their racial makeup. There was a moderate correlation (0.50) between percentage of perceived HIV stigma and undiagnosed HIV infections and a low correlation (0.23) between percentage of gay related enacted stigma and undiagnosed HIV infections among MSM.
Conclusion: Stigma reduction interventions should be tailored by city to address the underlying HIV burden among MSM communities. This will not only improve the health of the MSM communities but the larger community as a whole. Future studies should include more cities from the Southern U.S and examine how stigma affects MSM populations, especially of color.
Are the common genetic 3’UTR variants in ADME genes playing a role in tolerance of breast cancer chemotherapy?
Authors: Tęcza Karolina Tęcza , Kalinowska Magdalena Kalinowska-Herok , Łanuszewska Joanna Łanuszewska , Pamuła Jolanta Pamuła-Piłat 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We described associations among 3’UTR genetic variants in ADME genes, clinical factors and the risk of toxicity or side effects of breast cancer chemotherapy. The SNPs in breast cancer women were tested in relation to 12 symptoms belonging to myelotoxicity (anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia), gastrointestinal side effects (vomiting, nausea), nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, occurred in overall, early or recurrent settings. The cumulative risk of overall symptoms of anemia was connected with AKR1C3 rs3209896 AG, ERCC1 rs3212986 GT and > 6 cycles of chemotherapy; leucopenia was determined by ABCC1 rs129081 allele G and DPYD rs291593 allele T; neutropenia risk correlated with accumulation of genetic variants of DPYD rs291583 allele G, ABCB1 rs17064 AT and positive HER2 status. Risk of nephrotoxicity was determined by homozygote DPYD rs291593, homozygote AKR1C3 rs3209896, postmenopausal age and negative ER status. Increased risk of hepatotoxicity was connected with NR1/2 rs3732359 allele G, postmenopausal age and with present metastases. The risk of nausea and vomiting was linked to several genetic factors and premenopausal age. We concluded that chemotherapy tolerance emerges from the simultaneous interaction of many genetic and clinical factors.
Opportunities, Progress and Challenges in Carbon Emission Pricing and Markets for East and South African Regions
Authors: Maumoh Immaculate , Onoja Anthony , Alhassan Iddisah , MUHIDEEN SAYIBU 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we focus on (i) CO2 emissions among selected Southern and West African countries from 1990–2019 (ii) the relevance of carbon pricing and markets to regional economic growth and climate change mitigation, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. We then (iii) document progress made in the Southern and Eastern African carbon emission pricing and markets in line with the Paris Agreement 2015, as well as recent achievements regarding long expected replenishment of the Green Climate Fund (GCF); (iv) provide some policy designs and pitfalls against effective carbon pricing system in Southern and Eastern Africa. The study used an in-depth review of relevant literature and secondary sources from the CCAFS NDC sub-sector database 2021. Data were classified and quantified by sub-sector measurement. The results found reasonable progress in the Eastern and Southern African regions to advance Carbon Pricing with magnitudes surpassing the West African regions. South Africa leads in terms of implementing initiatives that will establish carbon pricing. Although not well harnessed and modified, there are considerable opportunities in carbon trading in Africa. However, noted that several initiatives aimed at ensuring green economic growth that can be linked to carbon prices exist in the study region, and they primarily include incentives including: carbon taxes, levies, and taxes, the establishment of trading platforms to sell carbon credits, research funding to deepen knowledge and awareness on carbon trading status among other legislative initiatives. Challenges repressing growth and development of carbon pricing in the regions include poor political will and frameworks on climate change mitigation evidenced in the insufficient number of legislations addressing the issue; inadequate capacity of the policymakers and countries experts to conceptualize and implement carbon pricing policies, and a general lack of financial systems and financial resources to promote climate change mitigation activities. Five relevant recommendations were made based on the findings.
Probing electron localization during molecular dissociation by femtosecond strong-field ion momentum spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Sizuo , Zhao Xinning , Xu Ting , Yu Xitao , Ren Dianxiang , Li Mingxuan , Zhang Xinyu , Li Xiaokai , Ma Pan , Zhang Dongdong , Wang Chuncheng , Wang Qinxin , Hu Xiaoqing , Wu Yong , Wang Jianguo , Ding Dajun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The study of the dynamics of molecular valence electrons and their coupling with nucleus motion is a frontier in ultrafast physics and ultrafast chemistry. Here, we investigate the behavior of valence electrons and nucleus wavepackets on a femtosecond time scale by the time-resolved strong-field ion momentum spectroscopy. Two orientation-dependent bond-breakages of N2O molecules from the same electronic state are studied, and the evolution of dipole moment during molecular breaking on the asymmetric Pzsum distribution is analyzed, and thus the electron localization during the molecules dissociating into ions and atoms is captured. The overall agreement between experimental and theoretical results for the orientation-dependent dissociation dynamics promotes the understanding of the evolution of nucleus wavepackets and provides a basis for the control of molecular ultrafast chemical reactions.
Acoustic emission characteristics and failure mode analysis under constant stress lower limit uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading of shale
Authors: GAUTAM PRADEEP KUMAR 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated to quantify the mechanical damage of shale specimens based on the Kaiser effect during different uniaxial cyclic loading-unloading rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5kN/s) with the stress level increasing under constant stress lower limit uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading. The time-dependent stress-strain curve, acoustic emission (AE) amplitude, accumulated AE count, cumulative AE energy, and the spatiotemporal evolution of AE event scattering behavior were determined. The study found that below 1.0kN/s low-stress unloading has few AE activities, while above 1.5kN/s high-stress unloading has many AE activities. These effects were seen throughout the loading-unloading cycle, with the Felicity ratio (FR) decreasing with the next cycle number. The Kaiser effect occurs in the linear elastic stage, while the Felicity effect occurs in the elastoplastic yield and post-failure stages. Furthermore, the FR variations during shale deformation and failure can be divided into four phases: (Phase I= 1.01 ≥ FR > 0.89), (Phase II= 0.89 ≥ FR > 0.48), (Phase III= 0.48 ≥ FR > 0.23), and (Phase IV= FR ≤ 0.23). But after the third cycle, the number of cracks and fractures increases rapidly, then decreases gradually until the rupture failure. These damage indices can be used to shale's deformation and failure mechanisms under complex time-dependent loading-unloading conditions.
Targeted linked-read sequencing for direct haplotype phasing of parental GJB2/SLC26A4 alleles: A universal and dependable noninvasive prenatal diagnosis method applied to autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss in at-risk families
Authors: Gao Bo , Jiang Yi , Han Mingyu , Ji Xiaowen , Zhang Dejun , Wu Lihua , Gao Xue , Huang Shasha , Zhao Chaoyue , Su Yu , Yang Suyan , Zhang Xin , Liu Na , Han Lu , Wang Lihai , Ren Lina , Yang Jinyuan , Wu Jian , Yuan Yongyi , Dai Pu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) was rarely reported until recent years. However, previous method would be unavailable without the proband genotype or challenging genome loci(e.g. CNV, deletions, inversions, or gene recombinants). Here, We assess the performance of relative haplotype dosage analysis (RHDO) - based NIPD for identifying fetal genotyping of pregnancies at risk of ARNSHL.
Methods
Fifty couples carrying pathogenic variants associated with ARNSHL in either GJB2 or SLC26A4 were recruited. The fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of 49 families that met the quality control standard was genotyped using RHDO-based targeted linked-read sequencing. Fetal amniocyte samples were genotyped by invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD) to evaluate the performance of NIPD.
Results
The 49 fetal genotypes were identified as 14 normal homozygotes, 17 heterozygotes, and 18 affected homozygotes or compound heterozygotes by NIPD, which were all concordant with those diagnosed by IPD. The concordance rate was 100% for the GJB2 (31/31) as well as SLC26A4 (18/18) genotyping. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100%.
Conclusions
Sufficient specific informative SNPs for haplotyping, the fetal cfDNA concentration as well as the sequencing depth are prerequisites for the RHDO-based NIPD, which has the merits of being proband-free and qualified for copy number variation analysis, thus it is suitable for universal application. It also has clinical potential as an alternative to traditional IPD for ARNSHL.
pH changes of root dentin following root canal filling with three different calcium silicate-based cements over 4-week period
Authors: Kaewkiew Kessara , Chaimanakarn Chitpol 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the pH changes of root dentin after root canal filled with ProRoot MTA, Bio-MA or Biodentine at different root levels and times.

Materials and methods

53 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented. Three different locations of cavities were prepared on the root surface at the apical and the middle levels. Three experimental groups (n = 16) were filled with ProRoot MTA, Bio-MA or Biodentine. A control group (n = 5) was filled with deionized water. The pH in cavities was measured at the following time points (2 hours, 1 day, 1–4 weeks). Three-way mixed ANOVA was used to analyze (p-value < 0.05).

Results

Significant pH changes to alkaline pH occurred over 4-week period in experimental groups at all root levels (p < .001). The Bio-MA group showed the highest pH value (9.18) at 1 day and 1 week at the apical and inner middle root levels. The highest pH value of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine groups were 9.12 and 9.07 at 2 weeks and 2 hours at the inner middle and apical root levels, respectively. The pH values at the outer middle root level are the lowest.

Conclusions

The pH changes of root dentin to alkaline pH were found for 4 weeks. The highest pH values were 9.07–9.18. The outer middle root level displayed lowest pH values.

Clinical Relevance

Root canal filled with calcium silicate-based cement provided long term alkaline pH of root dentin, being considered in the conditions for antibacterial effect and treatment of external inflammatory root resorption.
An inquisitive search for Bhasma (A herbo-mineral Ayurveda medicine) as a drug delivery vehicle candidate.
Authors: Rajan Mariappan , Verma Shruti , Sharma Rohit , Talwar Sangeeta , Kumar Avanish , Agrawal Trapti , gupta prashant kumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNano-formulations of Gold (Au) are proven drug delivery vehicles. Ayurveda i.e. Indian traditional medicine system, involves metalBhasmas(like Au, Ag, Fe, Cu) for therapeutic purposes. Ayurveda literature prompts Gold Bhasma/Incinerated Gold Particle (InGPs) synergizes the co-administered drug and/or act as a drug delivery vehicle. Comparative physicochemical and drug encapsulation and release pattern analysis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) and InGPs was performed to test the above statement. We have loaded Rifamycin (RF) and Isoniazid (INH) over AuNPs, and InGPs, with and without nano-carrier, and checked their encapsulation and release pattern. Interestingly, Gold Bhasma has a high entrapment, and encapsulation compared to a gold nanoparticle. InGPs with a carrier(InGP + Cs) have shown increased retention capacity compared to AuNPs with a carrier(AuNP + Cs). The cumulative releasing pattern of RF/INH from AuNPs + Cs was faster than InGP + Cs suggesting the InGPs have higher drug holding capacity. InGPs with or without polymeric carriers have good entrapment and retention capacity. Obtained results demonstrate that InGPs could have more significant value and practical application in the loading and delivery of antibiotics that further indicate to address antibacterial problems effectively, especially in the case of drug resistance. With this short communication, our motto is to bring this interesting and valuable information quickly to the nano-medicine community. We elicit this appealing information that goldBhasmacould be further explored and speed up its potentiating inhibitory effects of existing antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria and improve sustained release antibiotic delivery.
THz properties of two food additives sodium solution based on microfluidic chips
Authors: Peng Bo , Qian Siyu , Zhang Boyan , Li Qingjun , Su Bo , Cui Hailin , Zhang Shengbo , Zhang Cunlin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The vibration and rotation energy levels of many molecules are in the terahertz (THz) band, so THz spectroscopy can be used to qualitatively identify substances. However, the terahertz spectrum of most molecules in aqueous solution is completely different from that of solid molecules, and they have strong absorption characteristics for terahertz waves. Therefore, how to reduce the absorption of water for THz wave has become an urgent problem to be solved. Food additives are our daily necessities. They can extend the shelf life of food. In this study, a microfluidic chip with very low THz wave absorption was designed, and the THz transmission spectra of food-additive sodium hexametaphosphate solution and sodium pyrophosphate solution were measured using THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system. The experimental results show that the THz spectral intensity of the two sodium salt solutions increases with the increase of solution concentration, which is completely contrary to the phenomenon of common sodium salts, such as sodium chloride. It shows that the process of ion hydration affects the hydrogen bond between water molecules and changes the absorption of THz waves by water. This method lays a foundation for further study of the THz characteristics of electrolyte solutions.
The use of traditional medicine practitioners for childhood illness among childbearing women: a multi-level Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys in 32 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: James Peter Bai , Gyasi Razak M. , Kasilo Ossy Muganga Julius , Wardle Jon , Bah Abdulai Jawo , Yendewa George A , Mwaka Amos Deogratius 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Understanding traditional medicine practitioners (TMP)-seeking behaviour for childhood diseases may be important to reducing child mortality. However, a comprehensive picture of TMP utilisation and its associated factors for childhood illness in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is lacking. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of women with children under five years old who sought the service of a traditional medicine practitioner to treat their children’s illness and identify individual and community-level factors associated with such a pattern of use.
Methods
We utilised extracted Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data collected between 2010 and 2021 among 353,463 under-fives children from 32 SSA countries. Our outcome variable was the use of TMP for childhood illness (diarrhoea or fever/cough or both). We used STATA v14 to conduct descriptive, bivariate, and two-level multivariable multi-level modelling.
Results
Approximately [2.80% (95%CI: 1.88-3.90)] women who sought healthcare for childhood illnesses utilised the service of a TMP with the highest in Ivory coast [16.3% (95%CI: 13.87-19.06)] followed by Guinea (13.80% (95%CI: 10.74-17.57)] to the lowest in Sierra Leone [0.10%(95%CI:0.01-1.61)]. Specifically, approximately [1.95% (95%CI: 1.33-2.68)] and [1.09% (95%CI: 0.67-1.60)] women sought the service of a TMP for childhood diarrhea and fever/cough, respectively. Women with no formal education [AOR=1.62;95%CI:1.23-2.12], no media access [AOR=1.19;95%CI:1.02-1.39), who lived in a household headed by a man [AOR=1.64;95%CI:1.27-2.11],without health insurance [AOR=2.37;95%CI: 1.53-3.66], who considered it a problem getting permission to visit a health facility [AOR=1.23;95%CI:1.03-1.47] and perceived the size of their children at birth to be above average[AOR=1.20;95%CI:1.03-1.41] had higher odds of using TMP for childhood illness.
Conclusion
Despite the low usage of TMP for childhood illness, our findings highlight that TMPs continue to have a role in managing childhood illness in SSA. It is essential that policymakers and service providers consider the potential role of TMPs in designing, reviewing and implementing child health policies and interventions in SSA. Also, child health policies and interventions should be focused on the characteristics of women who use TMPs for childhood diseases identified in our study.