bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between emotional intelligence, burnout and health perception in a sample of football Spanish referees (Relación entre inteligencia emocional, burnout y percepción subjetiva de salud en árbitros españoles de futbol)
Authors: Estrada Fernandez Xavier , Priego-Ojeda María , Ros Morente Agnes , Alsinet Mora Carles 
Published: February 2022

Football referees must undergo unique physical, tactical and psychological preparation to face the demands of the game and perform efficiently. Psychological factors, particularly emotional intelligence, are directly linked to sports performance, but it is also affected by other variables such as health and burnout. The objective of this study is focused on evaluating emotional intelligence and its relationship with subjective perceptions of health and burnout syndrome in Spanish football referees. Participants in the study were 4099 referees from all categories in Spain between the ages of 14 and 66 years, of which 3773 were men and 362 women. Three instruments were used: the Trait-Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Oldenburg burnout inventory (OLBI). The results of the study reveal that the clarity and emotional repair dimensions of the emotional intelligence construct are inextricably connected with subjective perceptions of health, and, furthermore, that burnout acts as a mediating variable when it comes to a better perception of health. The results highlight the importance of working on psychological variables to foster better performance and the need to promote training programs to ensure efficient emotional management, eliminating disconnection and/or exhaustion syndrome that affects referee health.
Resumen. Los árbitros de futbol requieren de una singular preparación física, táctica y psicológica para hacer frente a las exigencias del partido y realizar una eficiente actuación. Los factores psicológicos y en particular la inteligencia emocional está directamente implicada en el rendimiento deportivo, pero también, está relacionada con otras variables como la salud y el burnout. El objetivo de este estudio se ha centrado en evaluar la inteligencia emocional y su relación con la percepción subjetiva de salud y el síndrome de burnout en árbitros de futbol españoles. Los participantes del estudio fueron 4099 árbitros españoles de todas las categorías entre 14 y 66 años, de los cuales 3773 fueron hombres y 326 mujeres. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos: el Trait-Meta Mood Scale (TMMS-24), el General Health Questionaire-12 (GHQ-12) y el Oldenburg burnout inventory (OLBI). Los resultados del estudio muestran que las dimensiones claridad y reparación emocional del constructo de inteligencia emocional están relacionada directamente con la percepción subjetiva de salud, y, además, el burnout actúa como variable mediadora frente una mejor percepción de salud. Los resultados destacan la importancia de entrenar las variables psicológicas para promover un mejor rendimiento y la necesidad de promover programas formativos para una eficiente gestión emocional y prevenir el síndrome por desconexión y/o agotamiento que afecta a la salud de los árbitros.
Le destin socioéducatif des héritiers Kergomard (1914-1983)
Authors: Palluau Nicolas 
Published: February 2022

En travaillant conjointement l’éducation par les méthodes actives et le désir de changement social, des descendants de Pauline Kergomard prolongent par leurs engagements militants au XXe siècle l’œuvre de la fondatrice des écoles maternelles républicaines. Ces hommes de la famille – son fils Jean Kergomard (1870-1954), un petit-fils Pierre Kergomard (1897-1981) puis un arrière-petit-fils Jean-René Kergomard (1926-2020) – inscrivent à leur manière leurs engagements dans la filiation de leur aïeule au sein de la floraison associative complémentaire de l’École publique : l’Art à l’école, les Éclaireurs de France, les Centres d’entraînement aux méthodes d’éducation active (CEMEA), la Jeunesse au Plein Air (JPA). Comme leur aïeule, l’engagement politique intéresse peu ces trois générations. Leur rapport au temple nourrit un protestantisme plus culturel que cultuel. Les solides amitiés protestantes avec les familles François, Steeg et Seydoux rapprochent une religiosité protestante déconfessionnalisée d’une forme de spiritualité laïque. Il s’agit d’un rapport au monde sous le sceau de l’éducation, tenant à distance la hiérarchie entre savoirs fondamentaux et pratiques d’éveil. L’initiative privée demeure des plus utiles à l’École publique, préparant, comme laboratoire, le terrain des réformes futures, raison pour laquelle ces héritiers s’engagent à la Maison pour Tous rue Mouffetard ou au camp-école du château de Cappy. Un rêve d’unité pédagogique et sociale qui n’empêche pas la famille de se déchirer sur l’antagonisme à propos de la République coloniale à travers la question algérienne.
Volunteering as a Meaningful Occupation in the Process of Recovery From Serious Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pérez-Corrales Jorge , Huertas-Hoyas Elisabet , García-Bravo Cristina , Güeita-Rodríguez Javier , Palacios-Ceña Domingo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImportance: Volunteering is an activity that facilitates social welfare, a sense of connection to others, and the construction of links with other people and the community.Objective: To describe the experience of a group of people with serious mental illness (SMI) who engaged in community volunteer work.Design: Qualitative, phenomenological study using purposeful sampling and an inductive thematic analysis.Setting: Several mental health community centers in Madrid and Catalonia, Spain.Participants: People with SMI engaged in community volunteer work.Outcomes and Measures: In-depth interviews were used to collect data.Results: Two themes, with four subthemes each, emerged from the data: (1) engaging in a meaningful occupation enhances the recovery process (subthemes: undergoing positive experiences, performing or resuming a meaningful occupation, living in the present moment, and relating with one’s social and family environment) and (2) a process of mutual support (subthemes: in helping others, you help yourself; helping others on the basis of one’s first-person experience; recover before you can help others; and role of professionals in volunteering).Conclusions and Relevance: Volunteering is perceived as a meaningful occupation. Helping others generates a reciprocal benefit that favors the recovery process and contributes to the establishment of personal and social bonds.What This Article Adds: This study provides a basis for understanding the potential of volunteering to be a meaningful occupation in the recovery process of people with SMI. It can help occupational therapy practitioners develop volunteer-based intervention programs that support the recovery process.
The Screenwriter in British Cinema
Authors: Nelmes Jill 
Published: February 2022

Though screenwriting is an essential part of the film production process, in Britain it is yet to be fully recognised as a form in itself. In this original study, Jill Nelmes brings the art of screenwriting into sharp focus, foregrounding the role of the screenwriter in British cinema from the 1930s to the present day.
Drawing on otherwise unseen drafts of screenplays, correspondence and related material held in the Special Collections of the BFI National Archive, Nelmes's close textual analysis of the screenplay in its many forms illuminates both the writing and the production process. With case studies of a diverse range of key writers – from individuals such as Muriel Box, Robert Bolt and Paul Laverty, to teams such as the Carry On writers – Nelmes exposes the depth and breadth of this thriving field.
Rosemary's Baby
Authors: Newton Michael 
Published: February 2022

Rosemary’s Baby is one of the greatest movies of the late 1960s and one of the best of all horror movies, an outstanding modern Gothic tale. An art-house fable and an elegant popular entertainment, it finds its home on the cusp between a cinema of sentiment and one of sensation. Michael Newton's study of the film traces its development at a time when Hollywood stood poised between the old world and the new, its dominance threatened by the rise of TV and cultural change, and the roles played variously by super producer Robert Evans, the film's producer William Castle, director Polanski and its stars including Mia Farrow and John Cassavetes.
Newton’s close textual analysis explores the film's meanings and resonances, and, looking beyond the film itself, he examines its reception and cultural impact, and its afterlife, in which Rosemary's Baby has become linked with the terrible murder of Polanski's wife and unborn child by members of the Manson cult, and with controversies surrounding the director.
Duck Soup
Authors: Hoberman J. 
Published: February 2022

The Marx Brothers are universally considered to be classic Hollywood’s preeminent comedy team and Duck Soup is generally regarded as their quintessential film. A topical satire of dictatorship and government in general, the movie was a critical failure and box-office let-down on its initial release in 1933.
J. Hoberman's study of the film traces its reputation history, from the initial disappointment of its release, to its rise to cult status in the 1960s when the Marx’s anarchic, anti-establishment humor seemed again timely. Hoberman places Duck Soup, alongside analogous comedies—Dr. Strangelove (1964), the Beatles films, Morgan! (1966), The President’s Analyst (1967) and The Producers (1968). It attained canonical stature as a touchstone for Woody Allen and would be recognized by the Library of Congress in the 1990s.
Hoberman's analysis provides a historical and political context as well as an in-depth production history, drawing on primary sources and emphasizing director McCarey’s prior work along with the Marx Brothers as well as the situation at Paramount, a substantial synopsis, and an account of the movie’s initial reception, concluding with its subsequent elevation to comic masterpiece.
Indian Film Stars
Authors: Lawrence Michael 
Published: February 2022

Indian Film Stars offers original insights and important reappraisals of film stardom in India from the early talkie era of the 1930s to the contemporary period of global blockbusters. The collection represents a substantial intervention to our understanding of the development of film star cultures in India during the 20th and 21st centuries.
The contributors seek to inspire and inform further inquiries into the histories of film stardom—the industrial construction and promotion of star personalities, the actual labouring and imagined lifestyles of professional stars, the stars’ relationship to specific aesthetic cinematic conventions (such as frontality and song-dance) and production technologies (such as the play-back system and post-synchronization), and audiences’ investment in and devotion to specific star bodies—across the country’s multiple centres of film production and across the overlapping (and increasingly international) zones of the films’ distribution and reception. The star images, star bodies and star careers discussed are examined in relation to a wide range of issues, including the negotiation and contestation of tradition and modernity, the embodiment and articulation of both Indian and non-Indian values and vogues; the representation of gender and sexuality, of race and ethnicity, and of cosmopolitan mobility and transnational migration; innovations and conventions in performance style; the construction and transformation of public persona; the star’s association with film studios and the mainstream media; the star’s relationship with historical, political and cultural change and memory; and the star’s meaning and value for specific (including marginalised) sectors of the audience.
A situational analysis of clinical refraction services in the capital city of the Maldives
Authors: Mohamed Fathimath Nestha , Omar Rokiah 
Published: February 2022

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is a leading cause of visual impairment globally. This study aimed to determine the current state of clinical refraction services and barriers to service provision in the capital city of the Maldives.
Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study used a purposive sampling technique. The list of facilities providing refraction services in the city of Malé was compiled through a desk review and finalized after verification by personnel from the Ministry of Health. The availability of human resources and infrastructure was measured using a pre-coded questionnaire that also listed barriers to service provision, followed by on-site observations and subsequent data analysis.
Results: Three clinical ophthalmology departments within hospitals, two ophthalmology hospitals, and nine primary eye care centers were selected for this study. The private sector (n = 12, 85.7%) was the primary provider of refractive error services. All facilities possessed the essential equipment required for refraction. Only optometrists and ophthalmologists conducted refraction. Contact lens assessment and low vision services were not available at any facility. The number of refractions conducted in Malé annually was 145,392. Human resources and management-related factors were the major barriers to the provision of clinical refraction services (n = 21, 44.7%).
Conclusions: Accessibility to refractive error management and low vision services is needed in Malé to meet current population needs. Existing resources, including humans and equipment, require augmentation regarding service provision and enhancement. Knowledge of these barriers could lead to the upscaling of refraction services in Malé, Maldives by health policy makers.
Common causes of visual impairment in the elderly
Authors: Al-Namaeh Mashael 
Published: February 2022

Background: Aging is not a disease; rather, it is a process. As people age, visual impairment (VI) becomes more common. In 2010, the overall prevalence rate of vision impairment in all races was 25.66% in individuals aged ? 80 years, according to the estimate of the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health. This review aimed to address the common causes of VI in the elderly.
Methods: In this narrative review, an electronic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted using “visual impairment” and “elderly” for the period between January 2010 and April 2021, to include randomized clinical trials and observational studies concerning VI in the elderly. The selected time period was chosen to provide an updated review.
Results: The search yielded 2,955 articles published over the period of more than 11 years. The relevant randomized clinical trials or observational studies were included and reviewed. Cataracts, refractive errors, open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy were the most common age-related ocular disorders leading to VI if untreated in the elderly. The loss of visual acuity can adversely affect quality of life in the elderly. Difficulty with activities of daily living related to VI can lead to social isolation, depression, and anxiety. Loss of vision in the elderly is linked to an increased risk of falls, hip fracture, depression, and poor quality of life.
Conclusions: The most common causes of VI in the elderly are cataracts and refractive errors. VI in most ocular diseases is more prevalent in women than in men due to longer lifespan. The overall prevalence of the main causes of VI in the elderly is expected to increase; therefore, health policymakers should consider this when planning for the health-enhancement program of the population.
Safety and Efficacy of External Nasal Dilator Strips with N95 Respirator Masks by Emergency Department Personnel
Authors: Hawley Ariel , Rozman Mitchell , Hysell Matthew 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to maintain the health and safety of caregivers. This study was conducted in 2020 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of external nasal dilator strips (ENDS) coupled with N95 respirators in a sample of community hospital emergency department personnel. METHODS After obtaining written consent, the authors tested participants’ response to exercise (i.e., walking up 10 flights of stairs) while wearing an N95 respirator, both with and without an ENDS. The authors measured participants’ heart rate and respiratory effort responses over four minutes following their exercise trial. A convenience sample of these personnel also repeated their respirator fit testing while wearing an ENDS with the N95 style they had previously been fitted for. RESULTS A total of N = 50 participants were enrolled. Peak heart rate while wearing an ENDS was 125 beats per minute (BPM) with the ENDS versus 130 BPM without (p = 0.21). The Borg Exertion Score while wearing an ENDS peaked at 13 with the ENDS versus 14 without (p = 0.08). However, when subjects were surveyed before and after the trial upon whether they would consider using an ENDS beneath their N95 using a scale of 1-5, their interest in this significantly increased (p = 0.004). Four of the 13 (31%) participants who completed repeated fit testing while wearing the ENDS beneath their N95 respirator failed the repeat testing. CONCLUSIONS These results first suggest that a sizable proportion of ED personnel may fail N95 fit testing while wearing an ENDS beneath the N95 mask for which they had been previously fitted. Although providers’ subjective interest in use of ENDS increased, these results also demonstrate that use of an ENDS beneath an N95 respirator may not significantly increase exercise tolerance.
“Fantasy Points” associated with Professional Athlete Performance after Lumbar Discectomy or Microdiscectomy
Authors: Kajy Marvin , Higginbotham Devan O. , Ball Guy , Vaidya Rahul 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION The treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) in elite athletes is a debated topic that lacks consensus in the literature due to varying outcome reporting methods. The objective of this study was to quantify the overall performance of a sample of professional athletes before and after receiving a lumbar discectomy or microdiscectomy in a cohort of players in the National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), National Hockey League (NHL) and Major League Baseball (MLB). METHODS The authors identified publicly accessible data from a cohort of different types of professional players who received either a lumbar discectomy or a microdiscectomy. These records were identified through newspaper archives, injury reports, player profiles and press releases between 1993 through 2015. Fantasy and Wins Above Replacement (WAR) scores were calculated for each player. RESULTS A total of 38 professional players met study inclusion criteria. NFL players had the lowest return-to-play (RTP) at nine of 14 (64%). The RTP for NBA, NHL and MLB players were comparable with 6/7 (86%) vs 8/9 (89%) vs 7/8 (88%). NFL players had the lowest average career length after surgery at 34.8 months, while NBA players had the longest average career length at 48 months. MLB players on average required the longest time to return to presurgical level of performance (24 months) and required the longest average recovery time at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, the average performance of most elite athletes are likely to decrease after undergoing a lumbar discectomy. Although it appears that performance peaks in the initial years after the operation for some players, there was an overall long-term decline in this sample of elite athletes. Study limitations included small sample size, lack of controlling for possible confounding variables (e.g., age, etc.) and use of variable reporting sources. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and age-matched controls are needed to examine the effects of lumbar discectomy more comprehensively in elite athletes.
Legal Personhood: An Analysis of the Legal Rights of Corporations and Their Relation to Animal Ethics
Authors: Kight Jason P. , Johnson T. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the United States of America, and in much of the world, corporations are afforded a great deal of rights to both protect themselves and others against legal action and mistreatment. To gain these rights, they defended themselves or were defended many times throughout the years in courts under the framework of “legal personhood”—but this same legal personhood is not afforded to most actual living creatures. There is enough similarity in the legal framework afforded to corporations that should be afforded to animals as well, and more than enough evidence to show that it is increasingly necessary to protect and expand animal rights in this way. The argument is simple: because of their sentience, cognition, and emotional intelligence, animals deserve legal personhood. If we can make the argument that a corporation, which is incapable of these things listed above, should have certain unalienable rights, then it is illogical for us to make the argument that animals should not.
The Betrayed Fish: Reply to Oldfield
Authors: Balcombe Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that fishes, as a whole, are emotional and possess intelligence comparable to that of mammals. Furthermore, although data are sparse, recent studies suggest that representatives from the two major “fish” taxa—bony fish (e.g., groupers and cleaner wrasses) and cartilaginous fish (e.g., giant mantas)—may possess self-awareness and a theory of mind. These capacities indicate that a fish could be capable of the emotion of betrayal. Modern, small-scale aquaculture operations present preconditions in which betrayal might be felt by a fish.
Analysis Of Shortest Path Determination By Utilizing Breadth First Search Algorithm
Authors: Sihotang Jonhariono 
Published: February 2022

The rapid development of science requires the public to keep up with the development of such technology. The use of computers as one of the tools used to facilitate work and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of work is also high, this we can see from the development of such technology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one part of computer science that learns about how to make computers can do the job as humans do. At the beginning of its creation, the computer was only functioned as a counting tool. But along with the development of the times, the role of computers increasingly dominates the life of mankind. Computers are no longer only used as a calculation tool, more than that, computers are expected to be empowered to do everything that can be done by humans. People can be good at solving all problems in this world because people have knowledge andexperience. Knowledge is gained from learning. The more knowledge possessed by a person is certainly expected to be more able to solve problems. But the provision of knowledge alone is not enough, people are also given the sense to reason, draw conclusions based on their knowledge andexperience.
Semi-public watermarking digital implementation in the concealment of text messages
Authors: Sitompul Noferianto , Maranata Pasaribu  
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to generate watermarking of an input image. The watermarking process will begin with the process of reading color image pixels. After that, the process will be continued by calculating the step message value inserted and inserting all the necessary values in the watermarking checking process. In the event of an attack, then at the time of watermarking formation, a specific noise value (randomly generated) will be calculated to be inserted into the image. After the process of watermarking formation, then the process can be continued with checking watermarking and extracting messages.