bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid Utility and Hospital Outcomes among Inpatients admitted with Osteoarthritis and Spine Disorders
Authors: Lee Se Won , Werner Bryan , Nguyen Dan , Wang Charles , Kang Mingon , Ayutyanont Napatkamon , Lee Soohyoung 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate opioid analgesic utilization and predictors for adverse events during hospitalization and discharge disposition among patients admitted with osteoarthritis (OA) or spine disorders.

Design
This is a retrospective study of 12,747 adult patients admitted to 6 private community hospitals from 2017 to 2020. Opioid use during hospitalization and risk factors for hospital-acquired adverse events and non-home discharge were investigated.

Results
The total number of patients using opioids decreased, however, the daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) use for patients on opioids increased from 2017 to 2020. Increased odds of non-home discharge were associated with older age, Medicaid, Medicare insurance, and increased lengths of stay (LOS), increased body mass index, daily MME, and electrolyte replacement in the OA group. In the spine group, older age, black race, Medicaid, Medicare, no insurance, increased Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), LOS, polypharmacy, and heparin use were associated with non-home discharge. Adverse events were associated with increased age, LOS, Medicare, polypharmacy, antiemetic, and benzodiazepine use in the OA group and increased CCI, LOS, and electrolyte replacement in the spine group.

Conclusions
Despite the decreasing number of patients using opioids over the years, patients on opioids had an increased daily MME over the same time period.
Higher Risk of Dyslipidemia With Coformulated Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide than Efavirenz, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Among Antiretroviral-Naive People Living With HIV in China
Authors: Sun Liqin , He Yun , Xu Liumei , Zhao Fang , Zhou Yang , Zhang Lukun , Peng Qiaoli , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Qiuyue , Cao Tingzhi , Song Ying , Wang Siyuan , Rao Man , Jia Xinyun , Liu Xiaoning , Zhou Jing , Ju Bin , Wang Hui , Liu Jiaye 
Published: September 2022

Background:
We aimed to examine the evolution of blood lipids and compare the risk of dyslipidemia between antiretroviral-naive people living with HIV who received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), lamivudine (3TC), and efavirenz (EFV) (TDF + 3TC + EFV) and those who received coformulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 2343 antiretroviral-naive people living with HIV who initiated TDF + 3TC + EFV or E/C/F/TAF. A propensity score matching method was used to compare longitudinal changes of blood lipids between the 2 groups.

Results:
By using 1:3 matching ratio, we included 253 and 91 matched patients in TDF + 3TC + EFV group and E/C/F/TAF group, respectively. The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were higher in E/C/F/TAF group than those in TDF + 3TC + EFV group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (Wilcoxon test, all Ps < 0.05), except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 9 and 12 months. The cumulative rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high LDL-C in PLWH with normal lipid levels in E/C/F/TAF group were higher than those in TDF + 3TC + EFV group (hypercholesterolemia, 59.7% vs 21.5%, P < 0.001; hypertriglyceridemia, 69.5% vs 46.3%, P < 00.001; and high LDL-C, 41.5% vs 14.2%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed treatment with E/C/F/TAF was associated with a significantly higher risk of hypercholesterolemia [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 4.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.65 to 6.41], hypertriglyceridemia (adjusted HR, 1.69; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.43), and high LDL-C (adjusted HR, 4.60; 95% CI: 2.66 to 7.97).

Conclusions:
We concluded that treatment with E/C/F/TAF resulted in higher risks of dyslipidemia compared with TDF + 3TC + EFV.
Long COVID in children and adolescents
Authors: Stephenson Terence , Shafran Roz , Ladhani Shamez N. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Although acute COVID-19 has been milder in children and young people compared with adults, there is a concern that they may suffer persistent symptoms. There is a need to define the clinical phenotype, determine those most at risk, the natural course of the condition and evaluate preventive and therapeutic strategies for both mental health and physical symptoms.

Recent findings
More recent studies with control groups reported a lower prevalence of persistent symptoms in children and young people exposed to SARS-CoV-2. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that the frequency of the majority of reported persistent symptoms is similar in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and controls. Children and young people infected with SARS-COV-2 had small but significant increases in persisting cognitive difficulties, headache and loss of smell. Factors associated with persisting, impairing symptoms include increased number of symptoms at the time of testing, female sex, older age, worse self-rated physical and mental health, and feelings of loneliness preinfection.

Summary
This review highlights the importance of a control group in studies following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the need for case definitions and research to understand the outcomes of long COVID in children and young people.
Intravenous Fosphenytoin Therapy as Acute Rescue Treatment for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Crisis in Patients Awaiting Neurosurgical Procedures: A Case Series
Authors: Noro Shusaku , Seo Yoshinobu , Honjo Kaori , Okuma Masahiro , Asayama Bunsho , Amano Yuki , Nakamura Hirohiko 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Few treatments exist for acute attacks of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN). We investigated the efficacy of intravenous fosphenytoin therapy (IFT) during GPN crisis.

Case Presentation
We evaluated records of 4 consecutive patients with GPN awaiting microvascular decompression (MVD) who received IFT (total, 750 mg). Pain severity was evaluated using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The score was 10 (maximum pain) before treatment. Case 1 (a 52-year-old woman, left GPN): for 12 hours after IFT, pain was eliminated (NRS 0/10); however, severe pain recurred 2 days later. She received MVD 9 days after IFT. Case 2 (a 72-year-old woman, right GPN): pain score reduced to 0/10 immediately after IFT and remained so for 2 days. Severe pain recurred, and she underwent MVD 4 days after IFT. Case 3 (a 69-year-old woman, right GPN): pain was reduced (NRS, 5/10) immediately after IFT and nearly eliminated (1/10) 1 hour later. After 6 hours, severe pain recurred; she received a second IFT 3 days later, and pain score dropped to 1/10. She was pain-free for 24 hours but intermediate pain recurred in 2 days. Microvascular decompression was performed 9 days after the second IFT. Case 4 (a 32-year-old woman, right GPN): Pain score reduced to 0/10 immediately after IFT and remained so for 4 days. She underwent MVD 4 days after IFT. No evidence of recurrence was found throughout the 24-, 22-, 20-, and 5-month follow-ups.

Conclusions
These results provide new insights into the innovative therapeutic option of intravenous fosphenytoin and contribute to advancements in treating acute GPN crisis.
Pressure injury prevention in the operating unit of a Swiss university hospital: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Perrenoud Beatrice , Maravic Philippe , Delpy Pierre 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The aim of this project was to promote best practice in pressure injury prevention for patients during the intraoperative period in the main operating unit of a Swiss tertiary hospital, through improving risk assessment, safe positioning and documentation.

Introduction:
Pressure injury is a common and serious complication of surgery patients. Despite pressure injuries being mostly preventable, they are not a top priority of operating room professionals.

Methods:
A baseline audit was conducted using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System, applying nine evidence-based criteria. The audit was followed by the implementation of multiple strategies to promote best practice in pressure injury prevention. A follow-up audit was conducted to determine the compliance with best practice recommendations.

Results:
The baseline audit indicated poor compliance with evidence-based practice in most audited criteria. The project team identified barriers to best practice and strategies implemented to improve practice, including tailored education, direct support in each surgery specialty, assignment of responsibilities regarding pressure injury prevention measures among the multidisciplinary team members and multiple channels of communication. Improvements in practice were observed in eight of nine criteria in the follow-up audit.

Conclusion:
The project demonstrated important positive changes in pressure injury prevention during the intraoperative period, despite a sharp slowdown in its implementation process. Continuing education for nursing and nonnursing practitioners has been systematized. Follow-up audits will need to be conducted in the future to maintain pressure injury prevention processes, and contribute to safety of care in adult patients during the perioperative period.
Electroconvulsive Therapy and Risk of Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Hjerrild Simon , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Dam Ole Henrik , Tehrani Elisabeth , Videbech Poul , Osler Merete 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to examine whether electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was associated with the subsequent risk of being involved in a road traffic accident.

Methods
A cohort of all 375,435 patients older than 18 years with their first psychiatric hospital contact between 2003 and 2017 in the Danish National Patient Registry was followed for road traffic accidents until December 2018. Associations between ECT and road traffic accidents were examined using Cox regression analyses with multiple adjustments and using propensity score matching on sociodemographic and clinical variables.

Results
A total of 8486 patients (0.2%) were treated with ECT. During the median follow-up of 5.9 years, 778 of these patients (12.5%) were involved in a road traffic accident and the unadjusted incidence of road traffic accidents was lower among these patients (incidence rate, 15.5 per 1000 patient-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.5–16.7) compared with patients not treated with ECT (incidence rate, 20.0 per 1000 patient-years; 95% CI, 20.0–20.3). Electroconvulsive therapy was not associated with road traffic accidents in the Cox regression models after adjustment for all covariables (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92–1.08) or in the propensity score–matched sample (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–1.08). The HRs did not vary materially with follow-up time or when analyses were stratified on sex, age, or type of hospital contact.

Conclusions
The analysis of Danish National registry data indicates that ECT is not associated with the risk of being involved in major road traffic accidents.
Postoperative throat discomfort and associated factors among elective surgical patients at Ethiopian Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Chawaka Hunduma Jisha , Teshome Zenebe Bekele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThroat pain and airway discomfort are the most commonly upsetting conditions of the patients’ wellbeing after surgery. However; little is known about the problem and associated factors.ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude, severity and associated factors of throat discomfort within 24 hours after surgery.DesignFacility-based cross-sectional study was employed from July 01 to December 30, 2021. Data was extracted through patient interview and document review during the postoperative period.SettingThe study was conducted at Ambo university referral hospital. On average, about six major elective surgical procedures are performed each day with a total of >1800 patients per year. The patients were scheduled from Orthopedic and trauma, General Surgery, Gynecologic, and Obstetric surgery department.ParticipantUsing systematic sampling technique 370 elective surgical patients were recruited (k=2) and 36 were excluded from analysis; with incomplete data.ResultThe majority 63.2% (211) of the participants were females with a mean age of 35.7 + 9.7 years. The overall postoperative throat discomfort were observed in 122 (36.5%) and it were severe in 20.5% of them. However; the severity level declined over time 21.9% (21/96), 15.3% (18/118) and 5.6% (5/89); on the 1st, 6th hour and 24th hour, respectively. Utilization of larger ETT (AOR= 6.288, P= 0.001), surgery lasting > 2hours (AOR= 10.839, P= 0.000), awake extubation (AOR= 0.155, P=0.000), frequent episodes of hypotension (AOR= 13.220, P= 0.001), and less experienced anesthetist (AOR= 18.571, P=0.000); were significantly associated with throat discomfort.ConclusionPost-extubation throat discomfort complaints are high (36.5%). Due attention has to be given to minimize or prevent perioperative frequent episodes of hypotension, higher ETT size utilization, blood loss, and duration of surgery as much as possible. Patient reassurance with analgesia and orientation has to be considered during the postoperative time.
Early outcomes of a large four-year MDMPH program: Results of a cross sectional survey of graduates (from three cohorts)
Authors: Belkowitz Julia , Payoute Sabrina , Agarwal Gauri , Lichtstein Daniel , King Roderick , Shafazand Shirin , Chandran Latha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo address the public health needs of the 21st century, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine implemented a four-year MD/ MPH program in 2011 with a mission to graduate public health physician leaders. The first cohort of students graduated in 2015. In the summer of 2020, a survey was sent to graduates to gather information on their early career involvement in the areas of leadership, research, and public health. In addition to several multiple-choice questions, the survey included an open-ended question on the impact of public health training in their careers. Content analysis was used to analyze the responses to the open-ended question. Eighty-two graduates completed the survey; 80 of whom had participated in residency training. Forty-nine (61%) joined a residency in a primary care field. Many graduates had leadership roles in their early careers, including 35 (44%) who were selected as chief residents. Fifty-seven (71%) participated in research, most commonly in quality improvement (40, 50%), clinical (34, 43%) and community based (19, 24%). Over one third (30, 38%) chose to do work in public health during residency.Themes that emerged regarding the impact of public health training on their careers were: 1) Shift in perspective, 2) Value of specific skills related to public health, 3) Steppingstone for professional opportunities 4) Focus on health disparities, social determinants, and inadequacies of the healthcare system, 5) Status as leaders and mentors for peers, and 6) Self-efficacy during the pandemic. Graduates self-reported significant commitment and involvement in leadership, research, and public health as well as towards addressing some of our most pressing public health needs. Although long-term career outcomes need to be determined over time, currently graduates report significant benefits of their public health training for their professional outcomes.
Associations of habitual glucosamine use with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospital admission and death with COVID-19: Evidence from a large population based cohort study
Authors: Meng Meijun , Wu Yanjun , Zeng Ruijie , Luo Dongling , Jiang Rui , Wu Huihuan , Zhuo Zewei , Yang Qi , Li Jingwei , Leung Felix W , Chen Qian , Sha Weihong , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association of habitual glucosamine use with coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, hospital admission, or mortality with Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) in a large population based cohort.DesignPopulation based, prospective cohort study.SettingUK Biobank.ParticipantsParticipants with complete information on habitual glucosamine use and SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19-related outcomes were included. These participants were registered from 2006 to 2010, followed up until 2022 and participated in SARS-CoV-2 tests between 2020 and 2022.Main outcome measuresSARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospital admission, and COVID-19 mortality.ResultsAt baseline, 20,118 (15.9%) of the 126,518 participants reported as habitual glucosamine users. During the median follow-up 12.16 years, there were 53,682 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2,120 cases of COVID-19 hospital admission and 548 cases of COVID-19 mortality. The multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of habitual glucosamine users to non-users were 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99 to 1.05) for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 0.73 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.85) for COVID-19 hospital admission, and 0.74 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.98) for COVID-19 mortality. The Cox proportional hazard analysis after propensity-score matching yielded consistent results.ConclusionsHabitual glucosamine use seems to be associated with a lower risk of hospital admission and mortality with COVID-19, but not the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Impact of sex in stroke in the young
Authors: Schwarzwald Anina , Fischer Urs , Seiffge David , Beyeler Morin , Scutelnic Adrian , Kaesmacher Johannes , Mordasini Pasquale , Dobrocky Tomas , Gralla Jan , Heldner Mirjam R , Umarova Roza , Meinel Thomas R , Arnold Marcel , Jung Simon , Simonetti Barbara Goeggel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeLimited data is available on sex differences in young stroke patients describing discrepant findings. This study aims to investigate the sex differences in young stroke patients.MethodsProspective cohort study comparing risk factors, etiology, stroke localization, severity on admission, management and outcome in patients aged 16-55 years with acute ischemic stroke consecutively included in the Bernese stroke database between 01/2015 to 12/2018 with subgroup analyses for very young (16-35y) and young patients (36-55y).Results689 patients (39% female) were included. Stroke in women dominated in the very young (53.8%, p<0.001) and in men in the young (63.9%, p<0.001). As risk factors only sleep-disordered breathing was more predominant in men in the very young, whereas almost all risk factors were more predominant in men in patients older than 35y. The higher incidence of stroke in women in the very young may be explained by the sex specific risk factors pregnancy, puerperium, the use of oral contraceptives, and hormonal replacement therapy. Stroke severity at presentation, etiology, stroke localization, management, and outcome did not differ between women and men.ConclusionsThe main finding of this study is that sex specific risk factors in women may contribute to a large extent to the higher incidence of stroke in the very young in women. Almost all modifiable stroke risk factors are more prevalent in men, either in the young as well as in the very young. These findings have major implications for primary preventive strategies of stroke in young people.
Statistical Analysis Plan for Balanced versus Saline trialists living systematic review individual patient and aggregated data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (BEST-Living Study)
Authors: Zampieri Fernando G , Cavalcanti Alexandre B , Tanna Gian Luca Di , Damiani Lucas P , Hammond Naomi E , Machado Flavia R , Micallef Sharon , Myburgh John , Ramanan Mahesh , Rice Todd W , Semler Matthew W , Young Paul J , Finfer Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Balanced versus Saline Trialists (BEST) -Living Study is an ongoing living systematic review with aggregated and individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) from eligible trials that assessed the effects of using balanced solutions compared with saline in critically ill adults. We herein present the search strategies for the BEST-Living Study and provide details for future analysis and presentation.MethodsThe report will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Individual Participant Data (PRISMA-IPD) recommendations. Search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The primary endpoint will be hospital mortality, which will be analyzed using a Bayesian hierarchical model. Secondary endpoints include nurvival until longest follow-up available, use of kidney replacement therapy, and intensive care unit and hospital length-of-stay. Details on the analysis plan are provided in this statistical analysis plan.ConclusionThe study will provide the most up-to-date and comprehensive assessment using the best evidence available for the use of balanced solutions in critically ill patients.ApprovalsThe undersigned and all authors have reviewed this plan and approve it as final. They find it to be consistent with the requirements of the protocol as it applies to their respective areas. They also find it to be compliant with ICH-E9 principles and, in particular, confirm that this analysis plan was final prior to any analysis of the aggregated data.
Containing monkeypox on a college campus: a model-based analysis
Authors: Savinkina Alexandra , Chitwood Melanie , Kwon Jiye , Pitzer Virginia E. , Gonsalves Gregg , Paltiel A. David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe developed a stochastic dynamic transmission model of Monkeypox Virus (hMPXV) to simulate potential spread of hMPXV on a university campus. We used the model to evaluate containment strategies, including detection and isolation of cases and vaccination or quarantine of detected case contacts. We found that detection and isolation of cases was key to containing an outbreak and was able to avert 33%-85% of secondary infections depending on detection rate. Vaccination of known contacts was a useful strategy alongside isolation and detection and could prevent 50% of additional cases. Quarantine was found to have limited benefit.