bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effects of Measles Virus Infections on Childhood Infectious Disease Mortality in Brazil
Authors: Xia Siyang , Gullickson Cricket C , Metcalf C Jessica E , Grenfell Bryan T , Mina Michael J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Measles virus infection induces acute immunosuppression for weeks following infection, and also impairs preexisting immunological memory, resulting in “immune amnesia” that can last for years. Both mechanisms predispose the host to severe outcomes of subsequent infections. Therefore, measles dynamics could potentially affect the epidemiology of other infectious diseases.

Methods
To examine this hypothesis, we analyzed the annual mortality rates of children aged 1–9 years in Brazil from 1980 to 1995. We calculated the correlation between nonmeasles infectious disease mortality rates and measles mortality rates using linear and negative-binomial models, with 3 methods to control the confounding effects of time. We also estimated the duration of measles-induced immunomodulation.

Results
The mortality rates of nonmeasles infectious diseases and measles virus infection were highly correlated. This positive correlation remained significant after removing the time trends. We found no evidence of long-term measles immunomodulation beyond 1 year.

Conclusions
These results support that measles virus infection could increase the mortality of other infectious diseases. The short lag identified for measles effects (&lt;1 year) implies that acute immunosuppression was potentially driving this effect in Brazil. Overall, our study indicates disproportionate contributions of measles to childhood infectious disease mortality, highlighting the importance of measles vaccination.
The Cytokines CXCL10 and CCL2 and the Kynurenine Metabolite Anthranilic Acid Accurately Predict Patients at Risk of Developing Dengue With Warning Signs
Authors: Jusof Felicita Fedelis , Lim Chai K , Aziz Fazidatul Nadhirah , Soe Hui Jen , Raju Chandramathi Samudi , Sekaran Shamala Devi , Guillemin Gilles J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The resolution or aggravation of dengue infection depends on the patient’s immune response during the critical phase. Cytokines released by immune cells increase with the worsening severity of dengue infections. Cytokines activate the kynurenine pathway (KP) and the extent of KP activation then influences disease severity.

Methods
KP metabolites and cytokines in plasma samples of patients with dengue infection (dengue without warning signs [DWS–], dengue with warning signs [DWS+], or severe dengue) were analyzed. Cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-ɣ], tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, CXCL10/interferon-inducile protein 10 [IP-10], interleukin 18 [IL-18], CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and CCL4/macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta [MIP-1β] were assessed by a Human Luminex Screening Assay, while KP metabolites (tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid [AA], picolinic acid, and quinolinic acid) were assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry [GCMS] assays.

Results
Patients with DWS+ had increased activation of the KP where kynurenine-tryptophan ratio, anthranilic acid, and picolinic acid were elevated. These patients also had higher levels of the cytokines IFN-ɣ, CXCL10, CCL4, and IL-18 than those with DWS–. Further receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 3 prognostic biomarker candidates, CXCL10, CCL2, and AA, which predicted patients with higher risks of developing DWS+ with an accuracy of 97%.

Conclusions
The data suggest a unique biochemical signature in patients with DWS+. CXCL10 and CCL2 together with AA are potential prognostic biomarkers that discern patients with higher risk of developing DWS+ at earlier stages of infection.
Analytical Quality by Design-Based Robust RP-HPLC Method for Quantitative Estimation of Pregabalin and Etoricoxib in Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet Formulation
Authors: Shah Janvi , Kotadiya Rajendra , Patel Rashmin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization approved a bilayered, uncoated, fixed-dosage combination tablet formulation containing pregabalin (75 mg) and etoricoxib (60 mg) in November 2019 to control prolonged back pain with neuropathic components.

Objective
This research aims to create an analytical quality by design-assisted reversed phase (RP)-HPLC method for quantifying pregabalin and etoricoxib in tablet formulation.

Methods
The best chromatographic conditions were a Phenomenex C8 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.6 μm) and a mobile phase of 0.35% orthophosphoric acid –acetonitrile (1 + 1, by volume). A flow rate of 1 mL/min was used with a detection wavelength of 220 nm.

Results
The optimized reversed phase HPLC method was successfully validated by the International Conference on Hormonization guideline Q2(R1). Moreover, the percentage assay of pregabalin and etoricoxib tablet formulation was 99.05 and 100.02% w/w, respectively, using the validated RP-HPLC method.

Conclusion
The newly developed analytical quality by design-assisted RP-HPLC method has several advantages, including shortened analytical time (2.65 min and 7.45 min pregabalin and etoricoxib, respectively), efficient separation in terms of well-defined peaks, and a simple mobile phase combination.

Highlights
The use of analytical quality by design principles and the design of the experiment tool allowed the detection of influential parameters critical for achieving the most favourable chromatographic conditions for accurately quantifying individual drugs using the RP-HPLC method. The compliance of the results with the ICH criteria validated the method. As a result, adopting the analytical quality by design methodology ensured the development of a more robust method that can generate consistent, dependable, and quality data throughout the process while also saving time.
Significance of the effects of chemotherapy on programmed death-ligand 1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Imanishi Seiichi , Morishima Hirotaka , Gotoh Takayoshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Atezolizumab has been approved as an antibody against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive immune cells in patients with advanced or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer. However, the optimal timing to examine PD-L1 expression remains controversial. We retrospectively researched PD-L1 positivity rates in biopsy, surgical and recurrent specimens from patients with triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We also examined alterations in PD-L1 and their meaning.

Methods
In total, 35 triple-negative breast cancer biopsy specimens obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 20 corresponding specimens obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 5 corresponding recurrent specimens were obtained. We examined PD-L1 immunohistochemistry on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells using SP142 antibody.

Results
In comparison with specimens obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, PD-L1 expression randomly changed in immune cells after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but PD-L1 expression was significantly reduced in tumor cells. Pre-neoadjuvant chemotherapy specimens with low PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 scores of ≤1 for both immune cells and tumor cells) were linked to better disease-free survival (P &lt; 0.001) and overall survival (P &lt; 0.001) than the other specimens.

Conclusion
This is the first study to evaluate PD-L1 expression both before and after chemotherapy in breast cancer and examine its relationship with prognosis. The results suggest that the PD-L1 level may be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with triple-negative breast cancer who do not have pathological complete responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Phytomelatonin and plant mineral nutrition
Authors: Sun Chengliang , Sun Nan , Ou Yiqun , Gong Biao , Jin Chongwei , Shi Qinghua , Lin Xianyong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant mineral nutrition is critical for agricultural productivity and for human nutrition; however, the availability of mineral elements is spatially and temporally heterogeneous in many ecosystems and agricultural landscapes. Nutrient imbalances trigger intricate signalling networks that modulate plant acclimation responses. One signalling agent of particular importance in such networks is phytomelatonin, a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions. Evidence indicates that deficiencies or excesses of nutrients generally increase phytomelatonin levels in certain tissues, and it is increasingly thought to participate in the regulation of plant mineral nutrition. Alterations in endogenous phytomelatonin levels can protect plants from oxidative stress, influence root architecture, and influence nutrient uptake and efficiency of use through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation; such changes optimize mineral nutrient acquisition and ion homeostasis inside plant cells and thereby help to promote growth. This review summarizes current knowledge on the regulation of plant mineral nutrition by melatonin and highlights how endogenous phytomelatonin alters plant responses to specific mineral elements. In addition, we comprehensively discuss how melatonin influences uptake and transport under conditions of nutrient shortage.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic correction reverses spinocerebellar ataxia 3 disease-associated phenotypes in differentiated cerebellar neurons
Authors: Song Guoxu , Ma Yuying , Gao Xing , Zhang Xuewen , Zhang Fei , Tian Chunhong , Hou Jiajia , Liu Zheng , Zhao Zixin , Tian Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3; also called Machado-Joseph disease, MJD) is a trinucleotide repeat disorder caused by expansion of the CAG repeats in the ATXN3 gene. Here, we applied a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approach using homologous recombination to achieve a one-step genetic correction in SCA3-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The genetic correction reversed disease-associated phenotypes during cerebellar region-specific differentiation. In addition, we observed spontaneous ataxin-3 aggregates specifically in mature cerebellar neurons differentiated from SCA3 iPSCs rather than in SCA3 pan-neurons, SCA3 iPSCs or neural stem cells, suggesting that SCA3 iPSC-derived disease-specific and region-specific cerebellar neurons can provide unique cellular models for studying SCA3 pathogenesis in vitro. Importantly, the genetically corrected cerebellar neurons did not display typical SCA3 aggregates, suggesting that genetic correction can subsequently reverse SCA3 disease progression. Our strategy can be applied to other trinucleotide repeat disorders to facilitate disease modeling, mechanistic studies and drug discovery.
EDGE: the puzzling ellipticity of Eridanus II’s star cluster and its implications for dark matter at the heart of an ultra-faint dwarf
Authors: Orkney Matthew D A , Read Justin I , Agertz Oscar , Pontzen Andrew , Rey Martin P , Goater Alex , Taylor Ethan , Kim Stacy Y , Delorme Maxime 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The Eridanus II (EriII) ‘ultra-faint’ dwarf has a large (15 pc) and low-mass (4.3 × 103 M⊙) star cluster (SC) offset from its centre by 23 ± 3 pc in projection. Its size and offset are naturally explained if EriII has a central dark matter core, but such a core may be challenging to explain in a ΛCDM cosmology. In this paper, we revisit the survival and evolution of EriII’s SC, focusing for the first time on its puzzlingly large ellipticity ($0.31^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$). We perform a suite of 960 direct N-body simulations of SCs, orbiting within a range of spherical background potentials fit to ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy simulations. We find only two scenarios that come close to explaining EriII’s SC. In the first scenario, EriII has a low-density dark matter core (of size ${\sim}70\, \text{pc}$ and density $\lesssim 2\times 10^8\, \text{M}_{\odot }\, \text{kpc}^{-3}$). In this model, the high ellipticity of EriII’s SC is set at birth, with the lack of tidal forces in the core allowing its ellipticity to remain frozen for long times. In the second scenario, EriII’s SC orbits in a partial core, with its high ellipticity owing to its imminent tidal destruction. However, this latter model struggles to reproduce the large size of EriII’s SC, and it predicts substantial tidal tails around EriII’s SC that should have already been seen in the data. This leads us to favour the cored model. We discuss potential caveats to these findings, and the implications of the cored model for galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter.
Non-thermal emission from the plunging region: a model for the high-energy tail of black hole X-ray binary soft states
Authors: Hankla Amelia M , Scepi Nicolas , Dexter Jason 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
X-ray binaries exhibit a soft spectral state comprising thermal blackbody emission at 1 keV and a power-law tail above 10 keV. Empirical models fit the high-energy power-law tail to radiation from a non-thermal electron distribution, but the physical location of the non-thermal electrons and the reason for their power-law index and high-energy cut-off are still largely unknown. Here, we propose that the non-thermal electrons originate from within the black hole’s innermost stable circular orbit (the ‘plunging region’). Using an analytic model for the plunging region dynamics and electron distribution function properties from particle-in-cell simulations, we outline a steady-state model that can reproduce the observed spectral features. In particular, our model reproduces photon indices of Γ ≳ 2 and power-law luminosities of the order of a few per cent of the disc luminosity for strong magnetic fields, consistent with observations of the soft state. Because the emission originates so close to the black hole, we predict that the power-law luminosity should strongly depend on the system inclination angle and black hole spin. This model could be extended to the power-law tails observed above 400 keV in the hard state of X-ray binaries.
The role of dendrin in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Levin Anna , Schwarz Angelina , Hulkko Jenny , He Liqun , Sun Ying , Barany Peter , Bruchfeld Annette , Herthelius Maria , Wennberg Lars , Ebefors Kerstin , Patrakka Jaakko , Betsholtz Christer , Nyström Jenny , Mölne Johan , Hultenby Kjell , Witasp Anna , Wernerson Annika 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and its systemic variant IgA vasculitis (IgAV) damage the glomeruli, resulting in proteinuria, hematuria and kidney impairment. Dendrin is a podocyte-specific protein suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Upon cell injury, dendrin translocates from the slit diaphragm to the nucleus, where it is suggested to induce apoptosis and cytoskeletal changes, resulting in proteinuria and accelerated disease progression in mice. Here we investigated gene and protein expression of dendrin in relation to clinical and histopathological findings to further elucidate its role in IgAN/IgAV.

Methods
Glomerular gene expression was measured using microarray on 30 IgAN/IgAV patients, 5 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and 20 deceased kidney donors. Dendrin was spatially evaluated on kidney tissue sections by immunofluorescence (IF) staining (IgAN patients, n = 4; nephrectomized kidneys, n = 3) and semi-quantified by immunogold electron microscopy (IgAN/IgAV patients, n = 21; MN, n = 5; living kidney donors, n = 6). Histopathological grading was performed according to the Oxford and Banff classifications. Clinical data were collected at the time of biopsy and follow-up.

Results
Dendrin mRNA levels were higher (P = .01) in IgAN patients compared with MN patients and controls and most prominently in patients with preserved kidney function and fewer chronic histopathological changes. Whereas IF staining did not differ between groups, immunoelectron microscopy revealed that a higher relative nuclear dendrin concentration in IgAN patients was associated with a slower annual progression rate and milder histopathological changes.

Conclusion
Dendrin messenger RNA levels and relative nuclear protein concentrations are increased and associated with a more benign phenotype and progression in IgAN/IgAV patients.
Grain Disarticulation in Wild Wheat and Barley
Authors: Pourkheirandish Mohammad , Komatsuda Takao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Our industrial-scale crop monocultures, which are necessary to provide grain for large-scale food and feed production, are highly vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. Crop wild relatives have adapted to harsh environmental conditions over millennia; thus, they are an important source of genetic variation and crop diversification. Despite several examples where significant yield increases have been achieved through the introgression of genomic regions from wild relatives, more detailed understanding of the differences between wild and cultivated species for favorable and unfavorable traits is still required to harness these valuable resources. Recently, as an alternative to the introgression of beneficial alleles from the wild into domesticated species, a radical suggestion is to domesticate wild relatives to generate new crops. A first and critical step for the domestication of cereal wild relatives would be to prevent grain disarticulation from the inflorescence at maturity. Discovering the molecular mechanisms and understanding the network of interactions behind grain retention/disarticulation would enable the implementation of approaches to select for this character in targeted species. Brittle rachis 1 and Brittle rachis 2 are major genes responsible for grain disarticulation in the wild progenitors of wheat and barley that were the target of mutations during domestication. These two genes are only found in the Triticeae tribe and are hypothesized to have evolved by a duplication followed by neo-functionalization. Current knowledge gaps include the molecular mechanisms controlling grain retention in cereals and the genomic consequences of strong selection for this essential character.
Estimating the Costs of Standardization: Evidence from the Movie Industry
Authors: Caoui El Hadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article studies the decentralized adoption of a technology standard when network effects are present. If the new standard is incompatible with the current installed base, adoption may be inefficiently delayed. I quantify the magnitude of “excess inertia” in the switch of the movie distribution and exhibition industries from 35 mm film to digital. I specify and estimate a dynamic game of digital hardware adoption by theatres and digital movies supply by distributors. Counterfactual simulations establish that excess inertia reduces surplus by $16\%$ relative to the first-best adoption path; network externalities explain $41\%$ of the surplus loss. Targeted adoption subsidies or a mandate on digital distribution help bridge this welfare gap.
A Systematic Review of Maternal TORCH Serology as a Screen for Suspected Fetal Infection
Authors: Fitzpatrick Danielle , Holmes Natasha E. , Hui Lisa 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2022;42:87–96)
“TORCH” is an acronym describing a group of congenital infections that can cause significant risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality; these infections include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV). However, although a TORCH serology panel is often ordered during pregnancy, the diagnostic yield of this approach continues to be questioned.
The Use of Social Media and Its Influence on Undergoing Rhinoplasty
Authors: Obeid Faisal M. , Mortada Hatan , Alsulaiman Maha , Faisal AlSwaji Ghada 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Rhinoplasty is one of the most frequently performed procedures, and such treatments are becoming more common. Social media platforms are crucial in the promotion of cosmetic surgery. Hence, this study aimed to assess social media use and influence on the decision to undergo rhinoplasty among Saudi patients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a self-administered, online questionnaire among Saudi patients who had previously undergone rhinoplasty in a private practice in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
A total of 205 participants were included, with the majority aged 26–35 years (54.1%). Most of them were female (91.2%). The most used social media platform was Snapchat (73.7%). The most reported factors that influenced the participants’ decision to undergo rhinoplasty included before and after pictures on social media platforms (76.1%). Women were more frequently influenced by the before and after photographs on social media platforms (P = 0.001). More than half of respondents (52.7%) declared that their decisions were influenced by advertisements on social media platforms.

Conclusions:
The use of social media influenced patients’ decisions to undergo rhinoplasty, with Snapchat being the most used. The authenticity of the information offered on social media profiles maintained by doctors and nonphysicians is critical in deciding whether or not to undergo rhinoplasty.
Education and Psychosocial Factors Predict Odds of Death After Transfer to Adult health Care in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Stevens James P. , Gillespie Scott , Hall Lori , Tisheh Julia , Ford Ryan , Gupta Nitika A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:To analyze demographic, psychosocial, and clinical factors in pediatric liver transplant recipients for their association with death or loss to follow up in adulthood. We aimed to better understand known health disparities in transplant outcomes and identify potentially modifiable risk factors prior to transfer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of children who underwent liver transplantation at a large tertiary transplant center and were transferred to adult care between 2000 and 2015.Results:During the study period, 101 qualifying patients were transferred. Ninety‐three individuals followed with an adult provider, while 8 were lost to follow up. In total 23 of 93 patients died after transfer (24.7%). Several childhood factors were associated with adult death: Black race [odds ratio (OR) 6.59, P < 0.001]; psychiatric illness or substance use (OR 2.81, P = 0.04); failure to graduate high school before transfer (OR 9.59, P < 0.001); posttransplant tacrolimus medication‐level variability index >2.5 (OR 5.36, P = 0.04); provider documentation of medication nonadherence (OR 4.72, P = 0.02); acute cellular rejection (OR 4.44, P = 0.03); the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 5.71, P = 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (OR 2.82, P = 0.04). Failure to graduate HS was associated with loss to follow up (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, Black race, substance use, diabetes, and failure to graduate HS retained association with adult death (each P < 0.05).Conclusions:Complex, intertwined patient characteristics are associated with increased odds of death in pediatric liver transplant recipients transferred to adult care. Early recognition of high‐risk patients and intervention for modifiable factors, such as improved HS graduation and substance use prevention, may improve long‐term outcomes.