bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of achievable benchmarks of care in the neurodiagnostic evaluation of simple febrile seizures
Authors: Stephens John R. , Hall Matt , Molloy Matthew J. , Markham Jessica L. , Cotter Jillian M. , Tchou Michael J. , Aronson Paul L. , Steiner Michael J. , McCoy Elisha , Collins Megan E. , Shah Samir S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend against neurodiagnostic testing for the evaluation of simple febrile seizures.Objectives(1) Assess overall and institutional rates of neurodiagnostic testing and (2) establish achievable benchmarks of care (ABCs) for children evaluated for simple febrile seizures at children's hospitals.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross‐sectional study of children 6 months to 5 years evaluated in the emergency department (ED) 2016–2019 with simple febrile seizures at 38 children's hospitals in Pediatric Health Information System database. We excluded children with epilepsy, complex febrile seizures, complex chronic conditions, and intensive care.Outcome MeasuresProportions of children who received neuroimaging, electroencephalogram (EEG), or lumbar puncture (LP) and rates of hospitalization for study cohort and individual hospitals. Hospital‐specific outcomes were adjusted for patient demographics and severity of illness. We utilized hospital‐specific values for each measure to calculate ABCs.ResultsWe identified 51,015 encounters. Among the study cohort 821 (1.6%) children had neuroimaging, 554 (1.1%) EEG, 314 (0.6%) LP, and 2023 (4.0%) were hospitalized. Neurodiagnostic testing rates varied across hospitals: neuroimaging 0.4%–6.7%, EEG 0%–8.2%, LP 0%–12.7% in patients <1‐year old and 0%–3.1% in patients ≥1 year. Hospitalization rate ranged from 0%–14.5%. Measured outcomes were higher among hospitalized versus ED‐only patients: neuroimaging 15.3% versus 1.0%, EEG% 24.7 versus 0.1% (p < .001). Calculated ABCs were 0.6% for neuroimaging, 0.1% EEG, 0% LP, and 1.0% hospitalization.ConclusionsRates of neurodiagnostic testing and hospitalization for simple febrile seizures were low but varied across hospitals. Calculated ABCs were 0%–1% for all measures, demonstrating that adherence to current guidelines is attainable.
Interleukin‐1α, interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist share a common U‐shaped recognition epitope on interleukin‐1 receptor surface
Authors: Ma Huaijun , Liu Jie , Wu Wei , He Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterleukin‐1 (IL‐1) plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. There are two forms of IL‐1 agonists (IL‐1α and IL‐1β) and one form of IL‐1 antagonist (IL‐1Ra); they share a similar binding mode to the IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1R) but exhibit opposite biological functions on the receptor. In this study, the intermolecular interactions of IL‐1R receptors with IL‐1α, IL‐1β and IL‐1Ra ligands were systematically investigated at structural, energetic and dynamic levels. It was found that the receptor primarily adopts a U‐shaped, double‐stranded and linear/conformational‐hybrid epitope to commonly interact with the three ligands. The epitope covers a common protein segment (residues 107‐127), which is fully located within the C2T2 subdomain of the IL‐1R extracellular domain and contributes ~40% to the total binding energy of IL‐1R/ligand association. The epitope is natively folded into an ordered conformation in the IL‐1R protein context but would become largely disordered out of the context. Here, we adopted a disulfide bridge to staple U‐shaped epitope‐derived peptides, which can be effectively constrained into a native‐like conformation and thus exhibit an improved affinity to ligands as compared to their unstapled counterpart, with affinity increase by up to ~15‐fold. These disulfide bridges were designed to point out of ligand/peptide complex interface and thus would not disrupt the direct complex interaction. Energetic decomposition imparted that the stapling has only a modest influence on the interaction enthalpy and desolvation effect of ligand/peptide binding, but can substantially reduce entropy penalty upon the binding. For a peptide, the stapling‐addressed entropic reduction can be roughly regarded as a constant, which only improves peptide affinity to these ligands, but does not change peptide selectivity over different ligands.
A fun and educative way for students to learn the nanofabrication through hands‐on processing: Microletters
Authors: Saldana Fernandez Francisco , Jones David J. , Kim Gyuseok L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 12‐h hands‐on processing protocol for a nanofabrication lab module is developed with the intention of teaching high school to college undergraduate students major fabrication techniques. The nanofabrication techniques employed are thin film deposition, direct‐write lithography, conventional UV lithography with a mask aligner, etch, dicing, and characterization. The lab module protocol concludes with the student fabricating their own microletter silicon chip with a personalized message with letters and images through hands‐on processing. For academic discussion, the light interference in thin film, deposition and etch rate, and etch selectivity are studied during the lab module.
How Does Deep Brain Stimulation Change the Course of Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Mahlknecht Philipp , Foltynie Thomas , Limousin Patricia , Poewe Werner 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA robust body of evidence from randomized controlled trials has established the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in reducing off time and dyskinesias in levodopa‐treated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These effects go along with improvements in on period motor function, activities of daily living, and quality of life. In addition, subthalamic DBS is effective in controlling drug‐refractory PD tremor. Here, we review the available data from long‐term observational and controlled follow‐up studies in DBS‐treated patients to re‐examine the persistence of motor and quality of life benefits and evaluate the effects on disease progression, major disability milestones, and survival. Although there is consistent evidence from observational follow‐up studies in DBS‐treated patients over 5–10 years and beyond showing sustained improvement of motor control, the long‐term impact of DBS on overall progression of disability in PD is less clear. Whether DBS reduces or delays the development of later motor and non‐motor disability milestones in comparison to best medical management strategies is difficult to answer by uncontrolled observational follow‐up, but there are signals from controlled long‐term observational studies suggesting that subthalamic DBS may delay some of the late‐stage disability milestones including psychosis, falls, and institutionalization, and also slightly prolongs survival compared with matched medically managed patients. These observations could be attributable to the sustained improvements in motor function and reduction in medication‐induced side effects, whereas there is no clinical evidence of direct effects of DBS on the underlying disease progression. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Combined proton–photon therapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Amstutz Florian , Fabiano Silvia , Marc Louise , Weber Damien Charles , Lomax Antony John , Unkelbach Jan , Zhang Ye 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeAdvanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still a challenging indication for conventional photon radiotherapy. Proton therapy has the potential to improve outcomes, but proton treatment slots remain a limited resource despite an increasing number of proton therapy facilities. This work investigates the potential benefits of optimally combined proton–photon therapy delivered using a fixed horizontal proton beam line in combination with a photon Linac, which could increase accessibility to proton therapy for such a patient cohort.Materials and methodsA treatment planning study has been conducted on a patient cohort of seven advanced NSCLC patients. Each patient had a planning computed tomography scan (CT) and multiple repeated CTs from three different days and for different breath‐holds on each day. Treatment plans for combined proton–photon therapy (CPPT) were calculated for individual patients by optimizing the combined cumulative dose on the initial planning CT only (non‐adapted) as well as on each daily CT respectively (adapted). The impact of inter‐fractional changes and/or breath‐hold variability was then assessed on the repeat breath‐hold CTs. Results were compared to plans for IMRT or IMPT alone, as well as against combined treatments assuming a proton gantry. Plan quality was assessed in terms of dosimetric, robustness and NTCP metrics.ResultsCombined treatment plans improved plan quality compared to IMRT treatments, especially in regard to reductions of low and medium doses to organs at risk (OARs), which translated into lower NTCP estimates for three side effects. For most patients, combined treatments achieved results close to IMPT‐only plans. Inter‐fractional changes impact mainly the target coverage of combined and IMPT treatments, while OARs doses were less affected by these changes. With plan adaptation however, target coverage of combined treatments remained high even when taking variability between breath‐holds into account.ConclusionsOptimally combined proton‐photon plans improve treatment plan quality compared to IMRT only, potentially reducing the risk of toxicity while also allowing to potentially increase accessibility to proton therapy for NSCLC patients.
The acute effects of azithromycin use on cardiovascular mortality as compared with amoxicillin–clavulanate in US Veterans
Authors: DerSarkissian Maral , Young‐Xu Yinong , Duh Mei Sheng , Bhak Rachel H. , Palmetto Niki , Mortensen Eric , Anzueto Antonio , Nguyen Catherine , Cheng Mu , Frajzyngier Vera , Park Suna , Lax Angela , Weatherby Lisa B. , Walker Alexander M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeAzithromycin is a common first‐line antibiotic for respiratory infection; however, there is conflicting evidence regarding risk of cardiovascular death. We assessed cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality associated with azithromycin versus amoxicillin–clavulanate among US Veterans treated for nonear–nose–throat respiratory infection (“respiratory”) or ear–nose–throat infection indication.MethodsElectronic health record data from the US Veterans Health Administration database were used to identify Veterans (30–74 years) with outpatient dispensings of oral azithromycin versus amoxicillin–clavulanate for respiratory or ear–nose–throat infection (January 01, 2000–December 31, 2014). Outcomes assessed were risk of cardiovascular death and noncardiovascular death within 1–5 and 6–10 days postdispensing. Inverse probability of treatment‐weighted proportional hazards models and binomial regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and compute risk differences (RD) per million courses of therapy. Cardiac death (subset of cardiovascular death) was assessed in sensitivity analyses.ResultsThere were 629 345 azithromycin and 168 429 amoxicillin–clavulanate dispensings for respiratory indications, 143 783 azithromycin, and 203 142 amoxicillin–clavulanate dispensings for ear–nose–throat indications. For respiratory indications, azithromycin was not associated with a significantly different risk of cardiovascular death versus amoxicillin–clavulanate within 1–5 days postdispensing (HR [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.12 [0.63, 2.00]; RD [95% CI]: 11 [−43, 64] deaths/million courses of therapy). No elevated risk for azithromycin was found for ear–nose–throat indications. Pooled results for both indications via meta‐analysis showed no association between antibiotics and cardiovascular mortality. There was no significant difference in risk of noncardiovascular or cardiac death between antibiotics postdispensing.ConclusionAzithromycin was not associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular or noncardiovascular death versus amoxicillin–clavulanate among US Veterans.
Failure diagnosis and trend‐based performance losses routines for the detection and classification of incidents in large‐scale photovoltaic systems
Authors: Livera Andreas , Theristis Marios , Micheli Leonardo , Stein Joshua S. , Georghiou George E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFault detection and classification in photovoltaic (PV) systems through real‐time monitoring is a fundamental task that ensures quality of operation and significantly improves the performance and reliability of operating systems. Different statistical and comparative approaches have already been proposed in the literature for fault detection; however, accurate classification of fault and loss incidents based on PV performance time series remains a key challenge. Failure diagnosis and trend‐based performance loss routines were developed in this work for detecting PV underperformance and accurately identifying the different fault types and loss mechanisms. The proposed routines focus mainly on the differentiation of failures (e.g., inverter faults) from irreversible (e.g., degradation) and reversible (e.g., snow and soiling) performance loss factors based on statistical analysis. The proposed routines were benchmarked using historical inverter data obtained from a 1.8 MWp PV power plant. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the routines for detecting failures and loss mechanisms and the capability of the pipeline for distinguishing underperformance issues using anomaly detection and change‐point (CP) models. Finally, a CP model was used to extract significant changes in time series data, to detect soiling and cleaning events and to estimate both the performance loss and degradation rates of fielded PV systems.
Low temperature ATRP of POSS‐MA and its amphiphilic pentablock copolymers
Authors: Ullah Asad , Ahmad Saira , Maric Milan , Shah Syed Mujtaba , Hussain Hazrat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA low temperature ATRP of methacryloisobutyl POSS (POSS‐MA) is carried out, using poly(propylene glycol) (PPG)‐based macroinitiator, in toluene with CuCl/PMDETA as the catalyst system, generating well‐defined P(POSS‐MA)‐b‐PPG‐b‐P(POSS‐MA) triblock copolymer with Ð ~ 1.1. The semilogarithmic kinetic plot reveals first‐order kinetics and the dispersity is observed to decrease as the reaction progresses—an indication of the controlled behavior of the polymerization. To assess the chain‐end fidelity of the produced block copolymer, chain extension is carried out with oligo(ethylene glycol methacrylate) (OEGMA) that afforded water‐soluble P(OEGMA)‐b‐P(POSSMA)‐b‐PPG‐b‐P(POSSMA)‐b‐P(OEGMA) pentablock copolymers. The SEC profiles suggest a quantitative initiation by the macroinitiator. By varying the monomer to initiator molar ratio, block copolymers with various P(OEGMA) chain lengths, ranging from 19 to 58 units on each side have been achieved with relative lower dispersity (Ð < 1.4). Kinetic analysis of the ATRP of OEGMA, with P(POSSMA)‐b‐PPG‐b‐P(POSSMA) as the macroinitiator, suggests first‐order kinetics and controlled nature of the polymerization. The PPG and P(OEGMA) segments impart a thermosensitive character to the obtained water‐soluble amphiphilic hybrid block copolymers; hence they display temperature‐dependent self‐assembly behavior in aqueous medium.
Research on the frequency of battery energy storage system failures
Authors: Wong Wun K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn introduction to the current state of failure frequency research for battery energy storage systems (BESS) is provided. The article discusses the many failure modes of BESS and how the reliability data are scarce and the design changes are fast‐paced. Current public resources available for overcycle datasets and battery datasets are summarized. Efforts are under way to better communicate failure rate research among stake holders. This is the second article in a six‐part series.
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia caused by nicotine‐free vaping in an adolescent patient: A case report
Authors: Takigawa Yuki , Sato Ken , Inoue Ayumi , Nagae Momoka , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Onishi Kiriko , Mitsumune Sho , Watanabe Hiromi , Kudo Kenichiro , Sato Akiko , Fujiwara Keiichi , Shibayama Takuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn 18‐year‐old man was admitted to our hospital with pneumonia 4 days after he initiated vaping. The patient did not show improvement after ceftriaxone and azithromycin treatment. The cell count of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed 64% eosinophils and 18% lymphocytes. Based on the BALF findings, the patient met the current diagnostic criteria and was diagnosed with vaping‐induced acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). AEP caused by nicotine‐free vaping is rare in Japan. Thus, in cases of AEP, the patient's history of cigarette smoking as well as vaping should be considered.
Inhibiting Mn Migration by Sb‐Pinning Transition Metal Layers in Lithium‐Rich Cathode Material for Stable High‐Capacity Properties
Authors: Cao Fei , Zeng Weihao , Zhu Jiawei , Xiao Jinsheng , Li Zilan , Li Ming , Qin Rui , Wang Tingting , Chen Junxin , Yi Xiaoli , Wang Jiexi , Mu Shichun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOwing to the interacted anion and cation redox dynamics in Li2MnO3, the high energy density can be obtained for lithium‐rich manganese‐based layered transition metal (TM) oxide [Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2, LNMO]. However, irreversible migration of Mn ions and oxygen release during highly de‐lithiation can destroy its layered structure, leading to voltage and capacity decline. Herein, non‐TM antimony (Sb) is pinned to the TM layer of LNMO by a facile sol‐gel method. High‐resolution ex and in situ characterization technologies manifest that the introduction of trace Sb inhibits the migration of Mn ions, forming a more stable structure. Sb can impressively adjust the Mn‐O interaction between anions and cations, beneficial to decrease the energy level of Mn 3d and O 2p orbitals and expand their band gap according to the theoretical calculation results. As a result, the discharge specific capacity and the energy density for SbLi1.2[Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 (SLNMO) reaches as high as 301 mAh g−1 and 1019.6 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 C, respectively. Moreover, the voltage decay is reduced by 419.8 mV compared with LNMO. The regulative interaction between Mn 3d and isolated O 2p bands provides an accurate guidance for solving electrochemical performance deficiencies of lithium‐rich manganese‐based cathode oxide.
Achieving Ultrahigh Effective Surface Charge Density of Direct‐Current Triboelectric Nanogenerator in High Humidity
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhao Zhihao , Li Yanhong , Li Xinyuan , Liu Di , Li Shaoxin , Gao Yikui , Zhou Linglin , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs an emerging energy‐harvesting technology, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is considered a powerful driving force toward the new‐era of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, but its output performance is dramatically influenced by environmental humidity. Herein, a direct current TENG (DC‐TENG) based on the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic breakdown is reported to address the problem of output attenuation in high humidity environments for the conventional TENGs. It is found that high humidity not only enhances the sliding triboelectrification effect of hydrophobic triboelectric materials, but also promotes the electrostatic breakdown process for DC‐TENG, thus contributing to the improvement of DC‐TENG output. Furthermore, taking poly(vinyl chloride) film as the friction layer, the effective surface charge density of DC‐TENG with microstructure‐designed electrode achieves a milestone value of ≈2.97 mC m−2 under 90% relative humidity, which is almost 1.42‐fold larger than that under 30% RH. This work not only establishes an effective methodology to boost the output performance of TENG in a high humidity environment, but also establishes a foundation for its practical applications in large‐scale energy harvesting.
FeSb2 Nanoparticles Embedded in 3D Porous Carbon Framework: An Robust Anode Material for Potassium Storage with Long Activation Process
Authors: Wu Yuanji , Sun Yingjuan , Tong Yong , Li Hongyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDue to their characteristics of high capacity and appropriate potassiation/depotassiation potential, Sb‐based materials have become a class of promising anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, the huge strain induced by potassiation/depotassiation limits their ability to periodically accept/release K+. Herein, a composite with FeSb2 nanoparticles embedded in a 3D porous carbon framework (FeSb2@3DPC) is successfully constructed as an extremely stable anode material for PIBs. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the design of nano and porous structures, the introduction of the inactive metal Fe, the firm anchoring of the FeSb2 nanoparticles by the carbon material, and the incomplete reaction of the FeSb2, the FeSb2@3DPC can achieve an ultra‐long cycle life of over 4000 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1. Furthermore, ex situ X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal a gradual activation process of FeSb2 for potassium storage. Fortunately, after activation, the electrochemical polarization of the FeSb2@3DPC anode gradually alleviates and the capacitance‐controlled charge storage mode further dominates compared with the diffusion‐controlled mode, all of which promote the FeSb2@3DPC to maintain the stable potassium storage capability.
A synopsis of Philippine Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Olivar Jay Edneil C. , Atkins Hannah J. , Bramley Gemma L.C. , Pelser Pieter B. , Hauenschild Frank , Muellner‐Riehl Alexandra N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA taxonomic synopsis of Philippine Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) is presented. Following a study of 138 published names and their types, we accept 98 Cyrtandra species for the Philippine flora. Except for C. angularis, C. elatostemoides, and C. yaeyamae, all are endemic to the country. Lectotypes or neotypes are designated for all names for which this is necessary, except for six names for which we were unable to locate original material. We also validate a species name that was previously described without a Latin diagnosis (C. peninsula), synonymize three names, and provide taxonomic notes for each species. In addition, we propose two replacement names for taxa for which a legitimate name in Cyrtandra does not currently exist: C. edanoi for a Philippine species and C. siporensis for a Sumatran species. A look‐up table is provided to facilitate referencing of currently accepted names in Philippine Cyrtandra.