bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear equation: integrability, solitons and invariant solutions
Authors: Mandal Uttam Kumar , Malik Sandeep , Kumar Sachin , Das Amiya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an extended form of generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional Hirota bilinear equation is considered which demonstrates nonlinear wave phenomena in shallow water, oceanography and nonlinear optics. We have successfully studied the integrability characteristic of the nonlinear equation in many aspects. The Painlevè integrability test is examined on the equation and found to be not integrable in Painlevè sense. The concept of Bell polynomial form is introduced and the Hirota bilinear form, Bäcklund transformations, Lax pair and infinite conservation laws are obtained systemically. We have exploited the expressions of one soliton, two soliton and three soliton solutions and demonstrated them pictorially. Further, Lie symmetry approach is applied to analyze the Lie symmetries and vector fields of the considered problem. The symmetry reductions were then obtained using similarity variables, and some closed-form solutions are secured.
Impact assessment of vegetation dynamics and drought changing trends based on multi-satellite data in relation to climate change during 2001-2017 over Pakistan
Authors: ali shahzad , Basit Abdul , Ni Jian , . Manzoor , Khan Fahim Ullah , Sajid Muhammad , Umair Muhammad , Makanda Tyan Alice 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Drought is a complex hazard caused by the disruption of rainwater balance, and it always has an impact on ecological, farming and socio-economic. In order to protect farming land in Pakistan, effective and timely drought monitoring is extremely essential. Therefore, a regular drought monitoring is required to study drought severity, its duration and spread, to ensure effective planning and to help reduce their possible adverse impacts. In this study, multi-satellite data were used for reliable drought monitoring. For monitoring changing trend of drought in Pakistan, the NVSWI, DSI, VCI, NAP and TVDI indices were chosen as a tool incorporated with MODIS-based NDVI and ET/PET. Due to the low vegetation and significantly high changing trend of drought, NDVI, DSI and TVDI are useful to characterize drought frequency in Pakistan. The yearly DSI index shows that Pakistan suffered of drought with low vegetation during 2001, 2002 and 2006 study years. The seasonal DSI, VCI, NAP, NDVI, TVDI and NVSWI values confirmed that 2001, 2002 and 2006 led to severe drought years in Pakistan. The regression analysis between VHI, VCI, NDVI and NVSWI values are significantly positively correlated. The NAP, DSI, NVSWI and TVDI showed the positive signs for good drought monitoring indices for agricultural regions of Pakistan. The trend of drought change from 2001 to 2017 also showed characteristics. The results showed that from 2001 to 2017, the drought trend of the whole region changed obviously, and the overall drought frequency showed a downward trend. The good performance of DSI, TVDI and NVSWI could, explicitly, contribute progressively towards improving specific drought mitigation strategies and disaster risk reduction at regional and national levels.
Preliminary assessment of the safety and effectiveness of Artificial Iris implantation in China
Authors: Wang Siyi , Liu Mimi , Li Xile , Ge Chaoxiang , Chen Wei , Zhao Zhenquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose:The study is to preliminary explore the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation in China.Methods:14 patients with iris defects who underwent artificial iris implantation at Hainan Boao Super Hospital from June 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and effectiveness of the surgery by comparing the preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), patient satisfaction of photophobia and appearance improvement, and postoperative complicationsResults:The mean age was 37.21±14.85 (7-60) years, including 13 males and 1 female. The mean follow-up period was 4.64±2.32 (1-10) months. The mean BCVA was 0.69±0.65 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) preoperatively and 0.46±0.60 logMAR at the last follow-up time (P=0.36); there was no significant differences in the IOP preoperative and postoperative (14.14±3.10mmHg and 13.65±3.08mmHg, respectively, P=0.69); the preoperative ECD was 1674.09±566.11 per 1 mm2, and the postoperative ECD was 1439.45±425.15 per 1 mm2(P=0.21). No obvious corneal opacity or corneal decompensation was observed in all patients. The preoperative and postoperative photophobia scores were 8.50±1.55 and 4.50±1.94, respectively (P＜0.01), and the preoperative and postoperative appearance defect scores were 6.58±2.98 and 2.75±1.69,respectively (P＜0.01). Among the 14 patients, 1 had artificial iris displacement. 2 had a transient IOP rise after treatment of antiglaucomatous eyedrops. No complications were observed during surgery.Conclusions:Our study is the first on the application of artificial iris in China. The novel artificial iris material is safe, which can significantly improve the appearance defects and photophobia, improve the postoperative visual acuity to a certain extent. This surgery had a high patient satisfaction rate with few and controllable postoperative complications. At the same time, the artificial iris, with its diverse configurations, variable colors, arbitrary cutting, and various surgical procedures, fully realizes personalized treatment, which solves the clinical problem of iris defect.
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with sepsis caused by intra-abdominal infection in the intensive care unit: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study in Korea
Authors: Park Chan Hee , Lee Jeong Woo , Lee Hak Jae , Oh Dong Kyu , Park Mi Hyeon , Lim Chae-Man , Hong Suk Kyung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Sepsis is the most common cause of death in hospitals, and intra-abdominal infection (IAI) accounts for a large portion of the causes of sepsis. We investigated the clinical outcomes and factors influencing mortality of patients with sepsis due to IAI.Methods: This post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study included 2,126 patients with sepsis who visited 16 tertiary care hospitals in Korea (September 2019–February 2020). The analysis included 219 patients aged > 19 years who were admitted to intensive care units owing to sepsis caused by IAI.Results: The incidence of septic shock was 47% and was significantly higher in the non-survivor group (58.7% vs 42.3%, p=0.028). The overall 28-day mortality was 28.8%. In multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, and lactic acid, only coagulatory dysfunction (p=0.001, odds ratio: 2.78 [1.47­–5.23]) was independently associated, and after adjusting for each risk factor, only simplified acute physiology score III (p=0.014) and continuous renal replacement therapy (p<0.001) were independently associated with higher 28-day mortality.Conclusions: Considering the independent risk factors influencing 28-day mortality, more intensive care may be needed for patients with coagulopathy than for patients with other organ dysfunctions caused by IAI.
A novel prognostic model for cervical cancer patients with lymph node metastases: based on SEER database and an independent cohort
Authors: Liu Xueting , Wang Le , Song Jiayu , Liu Sijia , Yan Jiazhuo , Yang Shanshan , Zhang Yunyan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Cervical cancer with lymph node metastasis (LNM) has a poor prognosis, but the prognosis of patients varies among individuals to a great extent and depends on diverse factors. This study attempted to develop and externally validate a prognostic model based on risk factors to predict the probability of survival of patients with cervical cancer with LNM.
Methods
A population-based cohort with 4238 participants diagnosed with cervical cancer with LNM between 2000 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to select prognostic variables for inclusion in our model. Model performance was validated internally and externally using the concordance index (C-index), areas under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analyses (DCA). Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to validate the risk stratification capability of the established model.
Results
Prognostic factors included marital status, age, pathological subtype, clinical stage, tumor size, surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (all P < .05). The C-index (0.736, 0.727, and 0.701 for the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts) and AUC values of the 3- and 5-year ROC curves (0.781 and 0.777 for the training cohort, 0.78 and 0.759 for the internal validation cohort, and 0.728 and 0.74 for the external validation cohort) demonstrated the satisfactory discrimination and excellent accuracy of the nomogram. Calibration plots showed the favorable agreement between the predicted and observed probabilities, and DCA indicated good clinical benefits. The nomogram-based risk stratification successfully discriminated patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk populations.
Conclusion
An easy-to-use online website of the dynamic nomogram was provided which could help predict overall survival of cervical cancer with LNM.
Preparation of Simulated Naturally-Derived Nanoplastics from Polypropylene-Food Packaging Material as Standard Substance
Authors: Wang Zhongtang , Gao Xianlei , Lu Xin , Zhang Hongyan , Jia Zhenzhen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Currently, numerous researchers use commercialized nanoplastic particles (NPs) to establish detection method or carry out toxicological researches. However, the significant differences between commercialized NPs and those formed under natural conditions certainly will affect the accuracy of the research on NPs to some extent. In the field of analytical chemistry, the selection criterion of a standard substance is that its physical and chemical properties should be as similar as possible to the target. Therefore, the NPs that are more similar to the naturally-derived NPs were preliminarily prepared under simulated natural conditions in the laboratory, which are more suitable for being used as standard substance. In this study, three kinds of NPs with the particle size range of 50 ~ 100/100 ~ 200/200 ~ 400 nm were prepared by simulating natural conditions and fractional filtration with nanofiltration membrane. The self-made NPs were more similar to the naturally-derived NPs than the commercialized ones. Besides, a method that simulates natural conditions for the preparation of NPs was also developed. The standard substance of NPs and its preparation method are expected to be widely applied to the establishment of detection methods or the toxicological studies of NPs to improve the study accuracy.
Mathematical modeling of apparent specific heat capacity of Channel catfish with different microwave heating time
Authors: Li Xuhai , Huang Han , Shi Liu , Xiong Guangquan , Wu Wenjing , Wang Lan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Channel catfish fillets with different microwave heating time were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) to build suitable modelling of apparent specific heat capacity (Cp) ranging from − 60 ℃ ~ 90 ℃ (except the obvious phase change region from − 20 to 20 ℃). The content of bound water (Wb), immobilized water (Wi) and free water (Wf) were weighted calculated. Non-linear fitting of experimental data, the obtained empirical equation of Cp, temperature (T), Wb, Wi and Wf of samples was: Cp = (a + bwb + cwi + dwf + eT)/(1 +fwb +gwi +hwf). The equation was in good correlation (R2 >0.95) with the experiment data and could provide a basis for improvement of processing paraments.Practical Application: It could provide a theoretical basis for processed parameters selection of prefabricated fish and predict thermal properties of fish.
Improvement on BAF53B mutation caused developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with a ketogenic diet
Authors: Wang Danli , Liu Yang , Fan Linlin , Yang Haoying , Pan Mingming , Shi Junping , Li Ang , Wang Nini , Xia Xue 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Genetic mutation is the leading cause of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy (DEE, OMIM 308350), a spectrum of disorders characterized by severe epilepsy and usually begins in infancy, accompanied with psychomotor development arrest and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram (EEG). Up till now, mutations of 101 genes were confirmed as the cause of DEE, and were categorized accordingly into 101 different sub-types (DEE1-101). These genes encode membrane receptors, ion channels, ATP transports and involved in neurotransmitter synthesis etc. Here we report a DEE76 case caused by biallelic BAF53B mutation inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Seizures commenced on day five and rapidly deteriorated. Patient’s brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed rare structural abnormalities, and the EEG confirmed severe epileptiform abnormalities. After a series of therapeutic exploration, the patient has currently followed a ketogenic diet combined treatment, and the DEE associated symptom is now under control. By far most types of DEE still lack of sufficient investigation of their underlying mechanisms and treatment approaches are urgently to be explored. Gene therapy could shed light on rare diseases, yet incompetent to those remain unknown. Here we report a case of DEE76 induced by BAF53B mutations and highlighted the therapeutic potential of ketogenic diet, hoping to enlighten more interest in this field in the future.
Caliber of the deep veins of the arm in infants and neonates: the VEEIN study (Vascular Echography Evaluation in Infants and Neonates)
Authors: ZANABONI Clelia , BEVILACQUA Michela , BERNASCONI Filippo , APPIERTO Linda , ANNETTA Maria Giuseppina , PITTIRUTI Mauro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are increasingly used in children, though their insertion may be limited by the small caliber of the deep veins of the arm. Previous studies have suggested to use age or weight as a guide to the feasibility of PICC insertion. We have planned an observational study with the purpose of identifying the actual feasibility of PICC insertion based on the ultrasound evaluation of the deep veins of the arm in groups of children of different weight range.Methods: We have studied 252 children weighing between 2.5 and 20 kg, divided in five different groups (group 1: 2.5-4 kg; group 2: 4.1-7 Kg; group 3: 7.1-10 Kg; group 4: 10.1-15 Kg; group 5: 15.1-20 Kg): the caliber of brachial vein, basilic vein and cephalic vein at mid-upper arm + the caliber of the axillary vein at the axilla were measured by ultrasound scan.Results: Veins of caliber > 3 mm (appropriate for insertion of a 3Fr non-tunneled PICC) were found at mid-upper arm in no child of group 1 or 2, in 13% of group 3, in 28% of group 4, and in 54% of group 5. An axillary vein > 3 mm (appropriate for insertion of a 3Fr tunneled PICC) were found in 5.8% of group 1, 30.6% of group 2, 67% of group 3, 82% of group 4, and 94% of group 5. Conclusions: The age and the weight of the child have a small role in predicting the caliber of the veins of the arm. Veins should be measured case by case through a proper and systematic ultrasound evaluation; however, the clinician can expect that PICC insertion may be feasible in one third of children weighing between 4 and 7 Kg, and in most children weighing more than 7 Kg, especially if adopting the tunneling technique.
Clear Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: A Clinicopathologic Review and Molecular Characterization
Authors: Pakbaz Sara , Esfahanian Nikki , Sanii Sanaz , Clarke Blaise , Bernardini Marcus , Han Kathy , Lheureux Stephanie , Park Nicole , Stockley Tracy , Rouzbahman Marjan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma of uterine cervix (CCCUC) is an uncommon variant of cervical adenocarcinoma unrelated to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). With widespread Pap test screening and HPV vaccination resulting decline in incidence of cervical HPV-related cancers, it is important to develop better understanding of the less common HPV-independent variants of cervical adenocarcinoma, including CCCUC. In this study, 10 cases of CCCUCs diagnosed over a 15 year period were retrospectively reviewed for clinicopathological and immunohistochemistry characteristics and HPV DNA PCR; and next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in cases with available pathology material. Mean age of patients was 39.6 (range of 18–82) and all presented with vaginal bleeding. Most cases (6/10) were diagnosed at FIGO stage IIB. Eight patients had surgery, with lymph nodes dissection in 7. Adjuvant therapy followed in 5 cases. Median follow up period was 38 months. HPV DNA PCR proved negative HPV status in all cases. For immunohistochemistry, all cases showed wild-type p53 expression, positive PAX8 and HNF1β, and negative ER and PR. MMR protein expression was intact in 4 cases. Two cases had lost/equivocal MSH2/MSH6 expression, one of which proved negative for microsatellite instability in NGS. Based on combined positive score (CPS), more than half of cases with available PD-L1 (4/7) were positive. 70 genetic variants were identified in testing of tumor tissue DNA from 6 cases with an NGS panel assessing 562 cancer-associated genes for single-nucleotide and copy-number variations for selected genes, and insertions/deletions. Variants occurred most frequently in genes ATM, CDH23, CSMD3, KDM5C, LRP1B, NIN, PKHD1, and RNF213. Pathways that were enriched for genes in this data set include apoptosis regulation, cell cycle and DNA repair, PI3K-AKT signaling, and NGF signaling. Multiple genes were associated with receptor tyrosine kinase activity, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional regulation. This is the first study to explore the genomic landscape of CCCUC using Next Generation Sequencing. Some potentially actionable molecular alterations are present in these tumors. However, genetic findings are heterogeneous and further studies with larger sample size is required to better characterize this rare malignancy and to allow development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.
Bias against parents in science hits women harder
Authors: Staniscuaski Fernanda , Machado Arthur , Soletti Rossana , Reichert Fernanda , Zandonà Eugenia , Mello-Carpes Pâmela , Almeida Camila Infanger , Ludwig Zelia , Oliveira Leticia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Worldwide, parenthood remains a major driver for the reduced participation of women in the job market, where discrimination stems from people's biases against mothers, based on stereotypes and misconceptions surrounding the vision of motherhood in our society. In academia, parenthood may be equally perceived as negatively affecting scientists' commitment and dedication, especially for women. Our survey conducted amongst Brazilian scientists found that mothers self-reported a higher prevalence of negative bias in their workplace when compared to fathers. The perception of a negative bias was influenced by gender and career status, but not by race, scientific field or number of children. Regarding intersections, mothers with less than 15 years of hiring reported having suffered a higher rate of negative bias against them. We discuss implications of these results and suggest how this negative bias should be addressed in order to promote an equitable environment that does not harm women in science.
Effective CO2 Capture and Selective Photocatalytic Conversion into CH3OH by Hierarchical Nanostructured Photocatalysts GO-TiO2-Ag2O and GO-TiO2-Ag2O-Arg
Authors: Nosrati Aliakbar , Javanshir Shahrzad , Feyzi Farzaneh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The attenuation of greenhouse gases especially CO2 as one of the main causes of global warming and its conversion into valuable materials are among the challenges that must be met in the 21st century. For this purpose, hierarchical ternary and quaternary hybrid photocatalysts based on graphene oxide, TiO2, Ag2O, and Arginine have been developed for combined CO2 capture and photocatalytic reductive conversion to methanol under visible and UV light irradiation. The material’s bandgap energy was estimated from diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) Tauc analysis algorithm. Structural and morphological properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were studied using various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The calculated band for GO-TiO2-Ag2O and GO-TiO2-Ag2O-Arg were 3.18 eV and 2.62 eV respectively. This reduction in the bandgap showed that GO-TiO2-Ag2O-Arg has a significant visible light photocatalytic ability. The investigation of CO2 capture for the designed catalyst shown that GO-TiO2-Ag2O-Arg and GO-TiO2-Ag2O have high CO2 absorption capacity (1250 and 1185 mmol g-1 respectively at 10 bar and 273 K under visible light). The amount of methanol produced by GO-TiO2-Ag2O and GO-TiO2-Ag2O-Arg was 8.154 µmol. gcat-1.h-1 and 5.1 µmol. gcat-1.h-1 respectively. The main advantages of this study are the high efficiencies and selectivity of catalysts toward methanol formation. The reaction mechanism to understand the role of hybrid photocatalysts for CO2 conversion is deliberated. In addition, these catalysts remain stable during the photocatalytic process and can be used repeatedly, and enlightening for environmental researches.
Correlation study between multiplanar reconstruction trigeminal nerve angulation and trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Sun Tao , Huang Qinghao , Li Chuangfeng , Yang Wensheng , Wang Wentao , He Longshuang , Liu Jinlong , Yang Chao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Despite neurovascular compression (NVC) is now widely accepted mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), there were some patients found no NVC, and also NVC was found in asymptomatic individuals. Here, we aimed to explore the correlation between multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) trigeminal nerve angulation (TNA) and TN.
Methods
From May 2020 to November 2021, 50 healthy controls were enrolled as control group (CG), 95 patients with primary TN were enrolled as observation group (OG), which was further subtyped into young patients (YP), middle-aged patients (MP) and old patients (OP) according to onset age of TN symptoms. Patients was also divided into patients with or without evoked actions according to the presence of evoked actions or not. Bilateral TNA measurements were carried out in OG and CG, image parameters were compared between different groups or subgroups. All images were interpreted by two radiologists who were blinded to the study.
Result
No statistical difference of bilateral TNA of CG was found, TNA of OG was significantly smaller than CG. In OG, TNA on the affected side was significantly smaller than the unaffected side. TNA showed a positive correlation with age, as TNA on the affected side of YP was significantly smaller than MP and OP. Patients with evoked actions showed smaller TNA than patients without evoked actions.
Conclusions
This study suggested that TNA might play a role in TN, small TNA could be a risk factor of TN. Furthermore, patients with small TNA are more likely to combine with evoked actions., but more studies are needed to explore the exact role of TNA in TN.