bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilemmaer i translation og transformation af erfaringsbaserede kollaborative læringsformer til digitale læringsplatforme
Authors: Gyldendahl Jensen Camilla , Dau Susanne , Riise Clausen Nicolaj , Ryberg Thomas , Brogaard Bertel Lykke 
Published: June 2022

Erfaringsbaserede kollaborative læringsformer (ECL) som udtrykt i problembaseret læring, refleksiv praksislæring, case-baseret læring og hacker-pædagogik bidrager til udvikling af kompetencer, som er centrale for udvikling af praksis og erhverv. En stor del af undervisningen på de videregående uddannelser og efter-videreuddannelser er i de seneste år, og især under Covid19, omlagt til digitale forløb eller delvist digitale, blendede og hybride former. Der mangler dog viden om, hvad denne omlægning betyder for mere erfaringsbaserede og kollaborative læringsforløb og hvilke dilemmaer, der kan opstå i forsøget på at oversætte og transformere denne type af læring til digitale forløb på læringsplatforme. Derfor undersøger og konceptualiserer denne artikel, hvad der karakteriserer ECL forløb og hvilke dilemmaer, der opstår, når ECL transformeres til digitale undervisningsformater, på baggrund af forsknings- og udviklingsprojektet ‘Unified platform For Learning and Development’ (UnFoLD). På baggrund af en analyse af projektets ecosystemer beskrives hvilke dilemmaer en transformation af ECL til digitale platformsløsninger skaber. På den baggrund gives et bud på tre dilemmaer, henholdsvis dilemmaet mellem design af lærerprocesser og ikke kun system, envisioning som metodik til at forstå og arbejde med systemets hierarki og automatiseret kvalitative feedback. Der redegøres for hvorledes disse dilemmaer kan imødegås gennem envisioning og en fokuseret designproces.
Investigating the Effect of Missing Data on the Experimental Test of Mathematics for the Second-Secondary Students
Authors: Freihat Aiman 
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to uncover the effect of the missing values using the Rasch model on an experimental test of mathematics for the second-secondary students. To achieve the goal of the study, a multiple-choice test was designed testing all basic skills found on the student’s book. The test consisted of 103 items. This study was conducted in September 2019. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Winstep, and MG3-BILOG. To determine the correlation coefficients, the results showed that the test had good psychometric properties and the test had high reliability, validity indications, acceptable difficulty, and discrimination coefficients. The findings also showed that the differentiation coefficients of items were equal. The results also showed that the premises of the Rasch model were fulfilled. Further, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the three models according to the percentage of data loss, standard error, difficulty, internal and external matching, and bias, and were in favor of the original model before missing the values.
Phenotypic Diversity of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Genotypes for Grain Yield Characters
Authors: Madhusri D. , Lavanya G. Roopa , Elangovan M. 
Published: June 2022

Analysis of variance showed high significant differences among 40 finger millet genotypes for all the characters under study. High GCV and PCV was recorded for number of tillers per plant, biological yield and peduncle length respectively suggesting that there was predominance of additive gene action. Number of tillers per plant, biological yield, peduncle length, harvest index, grain yield per plant, finger length, ear head length, Number of fingers, days to 50 % flowering exhibited high estimates of heritability with high genetic advance, indicating that these characters are predominantly governed by additive gene action and selection on the basis of these characters would be more effective. Based on the relative magnitude of D2 value, the genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters II and IV (25.95) followed by cluster II and III (12.16) and crosses involving genotypes from these clusters can be selected to yield superior segregants and future genetic improvement. Peduncle length, biological yield, days to 50% flowering and grain yield per plant appeared to be the most important trait contributing 79.11% towards genetic divergence.
Conducting Polymers
Authors: Frontana Uribe Bernardo A. , Palma‐Cando Alex U. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article gives valuable information about the history and the different families, synthesis, and characteristics of the most used conducting polymers, namely, polyphenylenes, polypyrroles, polythiophenes, poly(arylene‐vinylenes), polyanilines, and polycarbazoles, and diverse conducting polymers (liquid crystalline conducting polymers (LCCPs), conducting polymer blends, composites, and colloids). Also discussed are the information about the fundamental aspects of the conducting process including charge carriers, doping processes, optical properties, and electrical conduction properties and, finally, the practical information regarding stability and applications.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trial evaluating the selective dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor vidofludimus calcium in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fox Robert J. , Wiendl Heinz , Wolf Christian , De Stefano Nicola , Sellner Johann , Gryb Viktoriia , Rejdak Konrad , Bozhinov Plamen Stoyanov , Tomakh Nataliya , Skrypchenko Iryna , Muehler Andreas R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveInhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase suppresses magnetic resonance imaging brain lesions and disease activity in multiple sclerosis but has limiting tolerability. We assessed the safety and efficacy of vidofludimus calcium, a novel, selective dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis.MethodsThis double‐blind, 24 weeks, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial (EMPhASIS) enrolled patients 18–55 years with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to once‐daily vidofludimus calcium (30 mg or 45 mg) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the cumulative number of combined unique active lesions to week 24 between vidofludimus calcium 45 mg and placebo (clinicalTrials.gov number NCT03846219; EudraCT 2018–001896‐19).ResultsAfter 24 weeks, the mean cumulative number of combined unique active lesions was 6.4 (95% CI: 2.8–13.9) with placebo compared to 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1–4.9) with vidofludimus calcium 45 mg (rate ratio 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22–0.64; p = 0.0002); the rate ratio between vidofludimus calcium 30 mg and placebo was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.17–0.53; p < 0.0001). Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred in 30 (44%) of patients assigned placebo and 60 (43%) of patients assigned vidofludimus calcium. Serious adverse events occurred in one (1%) assigned placebo and two (1%) assigned vidofludimus calcium. No increased incidence of infectious, hepatic, or renal treatment‐emergent adverse events or serious adverse events was observed.InterpretationTreatment with vidofludimus calcium led to a reduction in new magnetic resonance imaging lesions in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis and was well tolerated with a favorable safety profile. Assessment in longer, larger trials is justified.
Polymer‐Assisted Crystal Growth Regulation and Defect Passivation for Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Feng Wenjing , Zhao Yaping , Lin Kebin , Lu Jianxun , Liang Yuming , Liu Kaikai , Xie Liqiang , Tian Chengbo , Lyu Tianshuai , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (Pero‐LEDs) with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of over 20% have been achieved in the last several years. However, the reproducibility of such high‐efficiency Pero‐LEDs is still low. The perovskite film quality, especially for the non‐radiative defects, is crucial in determining the device performance. These defects may lie in bulk grains, grain boundaries, and interfaces of the as‐formed perovskite films. Here, a polymer infiltrative treatment method is developed to realize effective and universal defect passivation. Specifically, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer chains are blended into the perovskite films before they are fully crystallizing. This infiltrative treatment method can regulate crystallization and passivate defects through the chemical interactions of perovskite lattices and PVDF. As a result, high‐quality perovskite films with void‐free surfaces and few‐defect crystals are obtianed. The corresponding Pero‐LEDs show a maximum EQE of 22.29% and an average EQE of 20.44 ± 0.73% based on a statistical analysis of 50 devices, exhibiting excellent reproducibility. The work provides better insights into controlling crystal growth and defect passivation via polymer‐assisted methods for efficient Pero‐LEDs.
Concentrated Electrolytes Enabling Stable Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Jin , Zarrabeitia Maider , Mariani Alessandro , Kuenzel Matthias , Mullaliu Angelo , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRechargeable aqueous batteries are promising devices for large‐scale energy‐storage applications because of their low‐cost, inherent safety, and environmental friendliness. Among them, aqueous ammonium‐ion (NH4+) batteries (AAIB) are currently emerging owing to the fast diffusion kinetics of NH4+. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to obtain stable AAIB with relatively high output potential, considering the instability of many electrode materials in an aqueous environment. Herein, a cell based on a concentrated (5.8 m) aqueous (NH4)2SO4 electrolyte, ammonium copper hexacyanoferrate (N‐CuHCF) as the positive electrode (cathode), and 3,4,9,10‐perylene‐bis(dicarboximide) (PTCDI) as the negative electrode (anode) is reported. The solvation structure, electrochemical properties, as well as the electrode–electrolyte interface and interphase are systematically investigated by the combination of theoretical and experimental methods. The results indicate a remarkable cycling performance of the low‐cost rocking‐chair AAIB, which offers a capacity retention of ≈72% after 1000 cycles and an average output potential of ≈1.0 V.
Expanding the Scope of Enantioselective Halohydrin Dehalogenases – Group B
Authors: Mehić Emina , Hok Lucija , Wang Qian , Dokli Irena , Miklenić Marina Svetec , Blažević Zvjezdana Findrik , Tang Lixia , Vianello Robert , Elenkov Maja Majerić 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHalohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) possess an unnatural activity of introducing functionalities such as N3, CN, NO2 etc., into a molecule through the ring‐opening reaction of epoxides. The enantioselectivity of HHDHs is substrate‐dependent and not always high enough for synthetic applications. B‐group of HHDHs has been neglected in the past, due to observed low enantioselectivity based on performance on a relatively limited number of substrates. Extensive screening of substrates on HheB2 from Mycobacterium sp. GP1 and HheB from Corynebacterium sp. N‐1074 was performed. Several highly enantioselective reactions were discovered (E>200), with HheB showing higher enantioselectivity and activity toward larger panel of substrates compared to HheB2. Enzymes HheB and HheB2 are highly homologous; they differ by only 4 residues. By using site‐directed mutagenesis, residues 120 and 125 were found to be responsible for higher enantioselectivity of HheB compared to HheB2. Computational analysis supported experiments and provided evidence that kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of reactions within HheB enzymes are crucial in determining the observed enantioselectivities. Due to remarkable activity and enantioselectivity, B‐group HHDHs emerged as a catalyst of choice for the synthesis of bulky tertiary alcohols, as shown in this work.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbazoles by Perester
Authors: He Li , Xu Yongjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn intramolecular C−H amination for the synthesis of carbazoles with a Pd(II)/TBPB system has been developed. This catalytic amination process forms the carbazole products in good to excellent yields. It is noteworthy that this method implied the advantages of the catalytic mode involving perester with transition metal catalyst in the activation of inert C−H bonds. In addition, the transformation performs well using water as solvent.magnified image
3D geometric morphometric analysis of the distal radius insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments indicates a relationship between wrist anatomy and unique locomotor behavior in hylobatids
Authors: Casado Aroa , Cuesta‐Torralvo Elisabeth , Pastor Juan Francisco , De Diego Marina , Gómez Mónica , Ciurana Neus , Potau Josep Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to explore the anatomical differences in the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments between hylobatids and other hominoids that may be related to their different locomotor behaviors.Materials and MethodsThe morphology of the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments was analyzed with three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) in the distal radial epiphysis of 44 hylobatids, 25 Pan, 31 Gorilla and 15 Pongo.ResultsRelative to other hominoids, hylobatid insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments were relatively larger and the insertion site of the short radiolunate ligament had a palmar orientation.DiscussionLarger palmar radiocarpal ligaments in hylobatids can help stabilize the wrist during the radial and ulnar displacement that occurs in ricochetal brachiation, the characteristic locomotor behavior of hylobatids, and compensate for the large traction loads on the wrist during extended‐elbow vertical climbing.
Direkte enantioselektive Addition von Alkinen an Imine unter Verwendung eines hocheffizienten Palladacyclus als Katalysator
Authors: Pfeffer Camilla , Probst Patrick , Wannenmacher Nick , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnantiomerenreine Propargylamine sind sehr wertvolle Synthesebausteine. Große Anstrengungen wurden bereits unternommen, um Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung zu entwickeln. Als vermutlich wichtigste Synthesestrategie ist die 1,2‐Addition von Alkinen an Imine zu nennen. Trotz aussichtsreicher Fortschritte sind für die bekannten Verfahren unter Verwendung von Zn‐ und Cu‐Katalysatoren hohe Katalysatorladungen, die typischerweise im Bereich von 2–60 mol % für neutrale Aldiminsubstrate liegen, notwendig. Wir entwickelten einen planar‐chiralen Pd‐Komplex, welcher als hocheffizienter Katalysator für die direkte asymmetrische Alkin‐Addition an Imine dient und sehr geringe Katalysatorladungen ermöglicht. Umsatzzahlen von bis zu 8700 wurden erreicht. Unsere Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass mit Hilfe eines acac‐Liganden, der als interne katalytische Base fungiert, ein Pd‐Acetylid‐Komplex als katalytisch relevantes Intermediat erzeugt wird. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, dass der Katalysator unter den Reaktionsbedingungen weitgehend stabil ist und keine Produktinhibierung auftritt. Insgesamt sind 39 Beispiele aufgeführt, die alle nahezu enantiomerenreine Produkte ergaben.
Reconfigurable Liquids Constructed by Pillar[6]arene‐Based Nanoparticle Surfactants
Authors: Luo Yuzheng , Yang Yang , Wang Yongkang , Wu Zhanpeng , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe interfacial jamming of nanoparticle surfactants offers the possibility of structuring liquids and fabricating all‐liquid constructs with advanced functionality. However, less attention has been given to structured liquids with multiple responsiveness. Here, we show a novel, yet highly simplified nanoparticle surfactant model, pillar[6]arene (PA[6]) surfactant, by taking advantage of the host–guest interactions between a water‐soluble PA[6] and an oil‐soluble ligand, ferrocenium terminated polystyrene. PA[6] surfactants form rapidly at the oil–water interface, assemble into an elastic film with excellent mechanical strength, and when jammed, offer a “solid‐like” assembly to lock‐in highly nonequilibrium shapes of the liquids. The interfacial assembly/jamming and disassembly/unjamming of PA[6] surfactants can be controlled by chemical redox or competitive guest reagents, endowing the structured liquids with redox or guest‐competitive responsiveness.
A novel process for the synthesis of p‐aminophenol by transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using formic acid as hydrogen source
Authors: Jia Yu , Li Fang , Zhang Yisheng , Wang Zhimiao , Che Conghui , Xue Wei , Wang Yanji 
Published: June 2022

Abstractp‐Aminophenol (PAP) was synthesized via the transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene (NB) over a Pd/AC + SO42−/ZrO2 catalyst using formic acid as the hydrogen source. Pd loading had an obvious effect on the reaction, with an optimal loading of 7 wt.%. The average Pd crystallite size was 3–4 nm, and both Pd0 and Pd2+ species were present on the catalyst surface. The relative proportions of Pd0 and Pd2+ affected the synthesis of PAP, with higher Pd2+ concentrations increasing the PAP selectivity. The reaction conditions for PAP synthesis were optimized, and an NB conversion of 69.6% with 38.1% PAP selectivity was obtained. After the same catalyst sample was used four times, the NB conversion decreased from 69.6% to 61.3%, and PAP selectivity decreased from 34.7% to 21.5%. These changes were attributed to the loss of Pd and S from the catalyst.
High‐performance crystallized composite carbon nanoparticles/polyimide fibers
Authors: Vaganov Gleb , Ivan'kova Elena , Didenko Andrey , Popova Elena , Elokhovskiy Vladimir , Kasatkin Igor , Yudin Vladimir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance fibers have been obtained on the basis of fusible semicrystalline R‐BAPB polyimide (PI) matrix and single‐wall carbon nanotubes by the melt spinning method. The resulting fibers have been subjected to orientational drawing and crystallization annealing. An effect of introducing the single‐wall carbon nanotubes as well as orientation drawing and crystallization annealing on the crystallizability, structure, and mechanical properties of the composite PI fibers has been investigated. The use of the carbon nanotubes induces heterogeneous nucleation of the crystalline phase of PI on the surface of the nanoparticles. The introduction of the carbon nanoparticles increases the crystallization rate and reduces the shrinkage of the oriented fibers during annealing, making it possible to obtain crystallized PI fibers with enhanced mechanical characteristics.
Stability‐indicating HPLC method development and validation of rivaroxaban impurities and identification of forced degradation products using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Cholleti Vijaykumar , Ravindra kumar Yalavarti , Pasula Aparna , Surya Prakash Rao Pydimarry 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current aim of this study is to develop a simple, sensitive, and robust analytical method that can separate the Rivaroxaban and its related impurities by using HPLC. This new method can separate enantiomers and all the process‐related impurities of rivaroxaban. This method can also be used to determine the assay of rivaroxaban in drug substances and drug products. This new method was developed using a Chiralpak IC (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column at 27°C with a gradient program of 25.0 min at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Mobile phase A consisted of acetonitrile, ethanol, and n‐butyl amine in the ratio of 95:5:0.5 (v/v/v), respectively. Mobile phase B consisted of a mixture of Milli‐Q water, methanol, and n‐butyl amine in the ratio of 50:50:0.5 (v/v/v), respectively. The detector wavelength was 254 nm. Rivaroxaban was subjected to the forced degradation conditions (stress conditions) of hydrolysis, base, acid, thermal, photolysis, and oxidation. The degradation products were well separated from rivaroxaban peak and enantiomer peak, and its potential impurities prove the stability‐indicating power of the method. The proposed new stability‐indicating method was validated with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, limit of quantification, limit of detection, linearity robustness, and roundness per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The %RSD (relative standard deviation) for six sample preparations for rivaroxaban and impurities less than 10% and the recovery is between 90 and 110%. The current method can be used in quality control labs for analysis of commercial products.
Impact of implementing project‐based assignment (PBA) in CDIO framework for computer numerical control application course
Authors: Julius Fusic S. , Anandh N. , Anitha D. , Sugumari T. , Sri Vinodhini H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, the development of engineering skills among students has been drastically reduced in Indian education. The students need to develop not only knowledge but also the necessary skills to survive in fast‐growing technology. Particularly in industry‐related automation courses, the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) adds to the necessity of building engineering skills at a higher level. It is well observed from various educational studies that engineering skills with higher cognitive ability can be developed with problem‐based learning (PBL). The curriculum has to be designed in such a way that it provides a flexible framework for PBL. As the current assessment system has written exams as a major element of evaluation, PBL can be incorporated into practice in the form of hands‐on problem‐based assignments (PBA) that are evaluated periodically. This study proposes the exercising of PBL as PBA to validate K4 (Analyze) and K5 (Evaluate) cognitive levels according to Bloom's cognitive domain. The proposed case study discusses the impact of project‐based assignment (PBA) in two different approaches in the curriculum of Mechatronics Engineering. The first approach follows Outcome Based Education with Choice Based Credit System (OBE‐CBCS approach) and the second approach has an additional Conceive Design Implement and Operate framework to it (OBE‐CBCS‐CDIO approach). The continuous assessment and assignment methods vary with different education curriculum systems. This study presents the impact study of the PBA activity in a Mechatronics course, “Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Application” in 2 consecutive years with two different curriculum frameworks. The results show that the OBE‐CBCS‐CDIO framework students outperform the OBE‐CBCS students in acquiring higher‐order thinking skills.
Fighting inequalities in times of pandemic: The role of politicized identities and interdependent self‐construal in coping with economic threat
Authors: del Fresno‐Díaz Ángel , Estevan‐Reina Lucía , Sánchez‐Rodríguez Ángel , Willis Guillermo B. , de Lemus Soledad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, institutions encouraged social isolation and non‐interaction with other people to prevent contagion. Still, the response to an impending economic crisis must be through the collective organization. In this set of pre‐registered studies, we analyse two possible mechanisms of coping with collective economic threats: shared social identity and interdependent self‐construction. We conducted three correlational studies during the pandemic in May–October 2020 (Study 1,N = 363; Study 2,N = 250; Study 3,N = 416). Results show that shared identity at two levels of politicization (i.e., working‐class and 99% identities) and interdependent self‐construal mediated the relationship between collective economic threat, intolerance towards economic inequality and collective actions to reduce it. The results highlight that the collective economic threat can reinforce the sense of community—either through the activation of a politicized collective identity, such as the working class or the 99% or through the activation of an interdependent self—which in turn can trigger greater involvement in the fight against economic inequality. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.