bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Psychological Khat Dependency and It’s Associated Factors Among Mettu University Students, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Efrem Mesfin , Mulat Haregewoyn , Kassew Tilahun , Minichil Woredawu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: It is estimated that 5 to 10 million people worldwide chew Khat, the majority of whom live in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, particularly Ethiopia, Somalia, and Yemen. Chewing khat is a part of life for a vast majority of the people in these countries. Excessive and long-term khat use has the potential to cause psychological dependency with a prominent feature akin to amphetamine-type stimulant dependence. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychological khat addiction and the factors that contribute to it among Mettu University students. Methods: institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 01/2021 – April 29/,2021at Mettu University. The study sample was recruited through Stratified multistage sampling technique (n = 1046). Structured English version self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data on socio-demographic factors, habit of khat use and other variables. The data were edited, cleaned, coded and entered in to Epi-data version 4.6.02 then it was exported to Stata/SE 14.0. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify sociodemographic factors and other substance-use related factors that are associated with psychological khat dependency. Results were interpreted and presented in the form of table, figures & chart. Result: Among the original 1046 participants 1001 of them were clearly fill and respond the questionnaire but only157 of current khat chewer were included in the analysis process since the target of the study was to study dependency on khat. The results of the other 1001 respondents were simply reported descriptively through table and diagram. Among 157 current khat chewers 47.7% (95% CI: 39.9–55.6) of them were found dependent on khat based on SDS score whether the left 52.23% respondents were not khat dependent. Among those found dependent the amount of khat chewed each session (AOR; =6.72, 95% CI’ =2.17–20.78), duration of chewing khat in each session (AOR; =4.2, 95% CI; =1.43–12.73), days chewing khat per week (AOR; =4.2, 95% CI; =1.39–12.96), depression (AOR; =4.08, 95% CI; =1.40–11.9), cigarrete smoking (AOR; =3.5, 95% CI; =1.0032–12.37), poor social support (AOR; =4.4, 95% CI; =1.34–14.43) and 4th year and above (AOR; =3.65, 95% CI; =1.07–12.49) were show significance association with khat dependency both in bivariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: khat chewing has a psychological dependence effect on those who use khat for prolonged time, chewing large amount of khat and those who chew khat frequently, Therefore, it calls for a strong multi sectorial involvement including local administrative bodies, health services providers, and non-governmental organizations.
Mapping Of Intragastric Balloon Use: A Guide To The Activity Of Institutions Through Bibliometry
Authors: Stelmach Veroniki , Semertzidou Eleni , Efstathiou Alexandros , Tzikos Georgios , Papakostas Pyrros , Panidis Stavros , Gkarmiri Sofia , Fyntanidou Barbara , Shrewsbury Anne D , Grosomanidis Vasilis , Stavrou George , Kotzampassi Katerina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Bibliometric analysis is an effective method for measuring scientific contributions in a variety of fields. It enables the numerical analysis of publications in a specific field and period of time, as well as the relationships between these publications. The present bibliometric analysis of publications relating to obesity treatment by means of intragastric balloons aimed to identify the bariatric centers using intragastric balloons, through the publications relating to their productivity; and furthermore, to reveal collaborations, types of balloons used, number of patients involved and authors’ productivity and favored journals.Method: The PubMed and Scopus database were used to retrieve only original articles presenting the results in body weight reduction.Results: Bibliographic research identified 164 publications for the period 2000-2021. Italy was ranked first with 37 publications; USA participated as collaborator with 9 different countries; the fluid-filled Orbera balloon is featured in 126 publications; the journal Obesity Surgery hosted 86 publications; Brazil reported the greatest number of patients with 5874 cases; Lorenzo M, and Genco A, co-authors from Italy, authored 14 and 12 publications, respectively, and the most cited article was that of Genco et al [2007] with 441 citations.Conclusions: Bibliometric analysis gave us the opportunity to identify the centers through their scientific publications and to classify them in relation to their productivity in articles, in collaborations, in number of cases reported and in the number of citations gained.
Understanding Necrosol pedogenetical processes in post-Roman burials developed on dunes sands
Authors: García-López Zaira , Cortizas Antonio Martínez , Álvarez-Fernández Noemi , López-Costas Olalla 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Interaction between human remains and sediments starts after inhumation, leading to physico-changes and the development of a Necrosol, a type of soil seldom considered in archaeological research. In this study we analysed for physical (grain size, colour) and chemical (pH; LOI; elemental composition: FTIR-ATR, XRF, C and N) properties of soil samples from i) two graves from the post-Roman funerary area of A Lanzada (NW Spain) and ii) samples of a paleosol (coeval with the burials) from a nearby pedo-sedimentary sequence. The aim was to characterize Necrosol composition and pedogenesis and compare them with a reference soil.
Principal component analysis of the dataset enabled to identify five pedogenetical processes: decalcification, melanization, acidification, neoformation of secondary minerals and enrichment in phosphorus. Overall, Necrosol pedogenesis was found to be of lower intensity than that of the reference soil (differing between burials), but some processes seem to be specific of the Necrosol formation (i.e., enrichment in phosphorous). Our results allow a proper description of the Necrosol and the funerary ritual followed by post-Roman inhabitants of A Lanzada. The characteristic Necrosol pedogenesis makes this soil a valuable archive that provides complementary information for the study of skeletal remains.
Hospital variation in admissions for low back pain following an emergency department presentation: a retrospective study
Authors: Ferreira Giovanni E. , Lobo Marina , Richards Bethan , Dinh Michael , Maher Chris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
One in 6 patients with low back pain (LBP) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) are subsequently admitted to hospital each year, making LBP the ninth most common reason for hospital admission in Australia. No studies have investigated and quantified the extent of clinical variation in hospital admission following an ED presentation for LBP.
Methods
We used routinely collected ED data from public hospitals within the state of New South Wales, Australia, to identify presentations of patients aged between 18 and 111 with a discharge diagnosis of LBP. We fitted a series of random effects multilevel logistic regression models adjusted by case-mix and hospital variables. The main outcome was the hospital-adjusted admission rate (HAAR). Data were presented as funnel plots with 95% and 99.8% confidence limits. Hospitals with a HAAR outside the 95% confidence limit were considered to have a HAAR significantly different to the state average.
Results
We identified 176,729 LBP presentations across 177 public hospital EDs and 44,549 hospital admissions (25.2%). The mean (SD) age was 51.8 (19.5) and 52% were female. Hospital factors explained 10% of the variation (ICC = 0.10), and the MOR was 2.03. We identified marked variation across hospitals, with HAAR ranging from 6.9–65.9%. After adjusting for hospital variables, there was still marked variation between hospitals with similar characteristics.
Conclusion
We found substantial variation in hospital admissions following a presentation to the ED due to LBP even after controlling by case-mix and hospital characteristics. Given the substantial costs associated with these admissions, our findings indicate the need to investigate sources of variation and to determine instances where the observed variation is warranted or unwarranted.
Multilayer Network Analysis of FMD Transmission and Containment Among Beef Cattle Farms
Authors: Yi Chunlin , Yang Qihui , Scoglio Caterina M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a highly contagious livestock disease, foot-and-mouth disease poses a great threat to the beef-cattle industry. Direct animal movement is always considered as a major route for between-farm transmission of FMD virus. Sharing contaminated equipment and vehicles have also attracted increasing interests as an indirect but considerable route for FMD virus transmission. With the rapid development of communication technologies, information-sharing techniques have been used to control epidemics. In this paper, we built a farm-level time-series three-layer network to simulate the between-farm FMD virus transmission in southwest Kansas by cattle movements (direct-contact layer) and truck visits (indirect-contact layer) and evaluate the impact of information-sharing techniques (information-sharing layer) on mitigating the epidemic. Here, the information-sharing network is defined as the structure that enables the quarantine of farms that are connected with a link to an infected farm. When a farm is infected, its infection status is shared with the neighboring farms in the information-sharing network, which in turn become quarantined. The results show that truck visits can enlarge the epidemic size and prolong the epidemic duration of the FMD outbreak by cattle movements, and that the information-sharing technique is able to mitigate the epidemic. The mitigation effect of the information-sharing network varies with the information-sharing network topology and different participation levels. In general, an increased participation leads to a decreased epidemic size and an increased quarantine size. We compared the mitigation performance of three different information-sharing networks (random network, contact-based network, and distance-based network) and found the outbreak on the network with contact-based information-sharing layer has the smallest epidemic size under almost any participation level and smallest quarantine size with high participation. Furthermore, we explored the potential economic loss from the infection and the quarantine. By varying the ratio of the average loss of quarantine to the loss of infection, we found high participation results in reduced economic losses under the realistic assumption that culling costs are much greater than quarantine costs.
Existence theory for a third-order ordinary differential (equation, inclusion) with non-separated multi-point and nonlocal Stieltjes boundary conditions
Authors: Alsulami Mona 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research develop the existence of solutions for a nonlinear third order ordinary differential equation with non-separated multi-point and nonlocal Riemann-Stieltjes boundary conditions. Standard tools of fixed point theorems are applied to prove the existence and uniquness results for the problem at hand. We used fixed point theorem due to Bohnenblust-Karlin to discussed the existence of solutions for the multi-valued case. We derive some examples to clarify our results.
Morphological and anatomical characterization of colchicine induced polyploids in watermelon
Authors: Khan Md. Noor-E-Azam , Hassan Jahidul , Biswas Md. Sanaullah , Khan Haider Iqbal , Sultana Hasina , Suborna Maksuratun Nahar , Rajib Md. Mijanur Rahman , Akter Jiasmin , Gomasta Joydeb , Anik Abdullah Al Mamun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effective colchicine concentration induced polyploidization distinction based on morphological and anatomical features in watermelon. Watermelon seeds were soaked in different colchicine concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5%) for several durations (24, 48, 72h) to induce polyploidization. Putative polyploids were evaluated regarding the morphological and anatomical traits compared to the diploid one (control). Colchicine @ 0.5% for 72h revealed the lowest germination percentage with high mortality in putative polyploids compared to diploids. Morphological traits revealed in vigorous growth in putative tetraploids with slower germination speed whereas the putative octoploid exerted suppressed growth compared to tetraploids and diploids. Besides, in respect of the reproductive biology, the petal number (6), pollen size and viability were remarkably higher in induced polyploids that confirmed the successful tetraploid induction by 0.5% colchicine treatment in seed for 72h. Similarly, the bigger stomatal size with lower density was also noticed in induced tetraploids compared to the diploid one using the same treatment after anatomical analyses. Meanwhile, PCA and correlation matrix illustrated that among the 20 variables polyploid induction efficiency% (PIE), leaf length (LL), guard cells distance (GCD), pollen viability% (PV) were recognized as the most effective morphological and anatomical indicators for successful polyploid induction confirmation with colchicine in watermelon. The present findings would be the basis for distinguishing colchicine induced polyploids as improved genetic resources to enhance the seedless triploid breeding in watermelon.
Effect of Psychological First Aid Program on Stress Level and Psychological Well-Being Among Caregivers of Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shoukr Eman Mahmoud Mohammed , Mohamed Abeer Abd El-Rahman , Ashry Ayman Mohamed El , Mohsen Heba Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Older adults with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experience drastic changes in their physical and mental abilities. AD patients became heavily dependent on their caregivers for everyday functions, which have significant implications not only for them but also for their caregivers. So, many ADcaregivers experiencedan increased level of depression and anxiety symptoms, lower perceived control, and higher burden compared to non-AD caregivers.Therefore, psychological first aid (PFA) and educational interventions are designed to enable those caregivers to meet the daily requirements of their patient care and to cope with its challenges.Aim: determine the effect of psychological first aid program on stress level and psychological well-being among caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Design a quasi-experimental research design (one group pre-test post-test)was followed. Subjects:A convenience sample of one hundred (100) caregivers of older adults with AD.Setting: all online groups concerned with the care of Alzheimer’s disease patients on Facebook. Tools: Socio-demographic and clinical data of older adults with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers’questionnaire,Alzheimer's disease knowledge scale, Kingston caregiver stress scale, and authentic identity measures (AIM) scale of psychological well-being. Results: the psychological first aid program has highly statistically significant effect on the AD caregivers’ knowledge, stress level and psychological well-being as (t=-30.707, P= 0.000, t=8.500, P= 0.000 & t= -4.763, P=0.000 respectively).Conclusion: psychological first aid program is considered an effective intervention in decreasing the AD caregivers’ stress and increasing their psychological wellbeing and knowledge regarding delivering care for AD patients.
CMT inversion for small-to-moderate earthquakes applying to dense short-period OBS array at off Ibaraki region
Authors: Yamaya Lina , Mochizuki Kimihiro , Akuhara Takeshi , Takemura Shunsuke , Shinohara Masanao , Yamada Tomoaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversion for small-to-moderate aftershocks in the off Ibaraki region of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake. In this study, we used high-frequency (0.4–1.0 Hz) seismograms from a dense array of short-period ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) and a reliable three-dimensional (3-D) seismic velocity model. Higher-frequency analysis and dense OBS arrays offer CMT solutions with high spatial resolutions. Since our OBS array observed aftershocks occurring immediately following the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake, we determined 536 CMT solutions for small-to-moderate aftershocks in the off Ibaraki region (JMA-scale magnitudes of 2.5–4.0). According to our CMT solutions, characteristics of the aftershock activities in the off Ibaraki region are classified into five groups: (1) thrust earthquakes, which are considered as interplate earthquakes, separated by the large slip area of the 2011 Ibaraki-oki earthquake (the largest [[EQUATION]] 7.6 aftershock of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake) and the tectonic tremors; (2) intraslab strike-slip earthquakes located at the north of the fault area of the 2011 Ibaraki-oki earthquake; (3) intraslab normal-fault earthquakes, which suggest a tensional stress field within the subducting Pacific Plate due to the plate bending by the overriding Philippine Sea Plate; (4) various mechanisms above a subducting seamount, which suggest the 3-D complex fracturs; and (5) normal-fault earthquakes shallower than the interplate earthquakes, which were possibly caused by the heterogeneity of the subducting seamount.
Effect of 4R stewardship based potassium fertilization on the harvest index of iron, zinc and copper in wheat
Authors: Vijayakumar S , Kumar Dinesh , Shivay Y S , Sharma D K , Varatharajan T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two-year field experiments were conducted at the research farm of ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the effect of 4R nutrient stewardship based potassium (K) fertilization on the uptake and translocation of Zn, Fe & Cu in wheat. Results from the study revealed that the rate of K application and its time of application have a significant role in the uptake and translocation of Fe, Cu, and Zn in wheat. The source of K fertilizer had a non-significant effect. Interestingly the concentration of Fe, Cu, and Zn in grain improved with increasing the dose of K application upto 60 kg K2O/ha. Similarly, two split applications of 60 kg K2O/ha recorded higher grain nutrient concentration (Fe, Zn & Cu) than basal application. In the absence of top dressing of K fertilizer, the foliar application of 2.5% K recorded a statistically equal effect to that of top dressing. The harvest index of Zn (52.3–57.4%), Fe (21-26.5%) and Cu (27.5–31.3%) shows more than 1/2th, 1/5th and 1/3th of the absorbed Zn, Fe and Cu is remobilized to grain respectively. The remobilization of Zn, Fe, and Cu from straw to grain is enhanced by the best potassium fertilization management. Thus, Fe, Zn & Cu bio-fortification through balanced application of potassium fertilizer based on 4R nutrient stewardship is an effective approach to fight hidden hunger/ malnutrition.
An antibacterial compound Pyrimidomycin produced by Streptomyces sp. PSAA01 isolated from soil of Eastern Himalayan foot-hill
Authors: Mandal Sukhendu , Das Prasenjit , Kundu Shampa , Maiti Pulak Kumar , Sahoo Prithidipa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selective isolation of soil Actinobacteria was undertaken to isolate a new class of antibiotics and bioactive molecules. A Streptomyces sp. PSAA01 (MTCC 13157), isolated from soil of Eastern Himalaya foot-hill was cultivated on a large scale for the production of the antimicrobials SM02. It has been found that the maximum amount of SM02 produced while PSAA01 was grown in ISP-2 medium (pH 7.0) for 7 days at 30oC. A significant zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus has been found with the crude cell-free culture media (50 µL) of 7 days grown PSAA01. After the purification and chemical structural characterization, we found that SM02 is a new class of antibiotic having 747 dalton molecular weight. The compound SM02 contains pyrimidine moiety in it and is produced by a species of Streptomyces and thus we have named this antibiotic pyrimidomycin. The antimicrobial spectrum of SM02 has been found to be restricted in Gram-positive organisms with a MIC of 12 µg/mL. SM02 was found active against Mycobacterium sp. and also multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria with similar potency and found to disrupt the bacterial cell wall. SM02 also showed significant impairment in the biofilm formation by S. aureus. Furthermore, SM02 showed synergy with the most used antibiotic like ampicillin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol. SM02 did not have cytotoxicity towards human cell lines indicating its activity is limited within bacteria.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil fauna in a global meta-analysis
Authors: Corredor Bibiana Betancur , Lang Birgit , Russell David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil fauna plays an essential role in agricultural productivity as it mediates nutrient cycling and soil organic matter dynamics, alters soil physicochemical properties and supports plant growth. Nitrogen fertilization may have a positive or negative influence on soil fauna in a manner that alters ecosystem functioning, but these links have not yet been quantified in a generalized manner. We present the results of a global meta-analysis of available literature data on the effects of nitrogen fertilization on taxonomic and ecological groups of soil fauna. Our results show that nitrogen fertilization increases the abundance of nematodes (+36%), springtails (+29%), mites (+35%), and the biomass of earthworms (+15%) compared to when no fertilizer is applied. The meta-analysis for different nematode feeding groups and life-form groups of springtails, mites and earthworms showed that organic fertilization has an overall positive effect on most taxonomic groups as opposed to inorganic fertilization, which has neutral or negative effects on most taxonomic groups. Additional meta-analyses showed that the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil fauna depend on the intensity of the fertilization regime, on soil physicochemical properties as well as on climatic conditions. Our findings suggest that the adoption of less intense farming practices such as organic fertilization combined with site-specific nitrogen fertilization regimes is a suitable strategy for protecting and enhancing functional communities of soil fauna.
Solid tumor target-immunotherapy with novel biomimetic immuno- chemotherapy composite mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated by the CD80 modified cell membranes
Authors: Wo Jin , Zhang Renwen , Zhu Haoran , Yi Xinfeng , Fu Qianqian , Fu Yuanyue , Liu Yang , Huang Zerong , Zhu Kairui , Hou Huige , Sun Chenghong , Zhong Cheng , Liu Wei , Li Zhizhong , Wang Baocheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
New strategies enhancing both cellular immune response and targetability of tumor immunomodulator remain a major challenge for the immunotherapy in the solid tumor. In this research, a novel biomimetic immuno-chemotherapy composite nanoparticle system was designed as a breast tumors targeted drug. The cell membranes were modified by the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored anti-HER2 single chain variable fragment (scFv) and the GPI anchored co-stimulatory molecule CD80; and the membranes was coated on mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX). The effects of as-prepared therapeutic system in initiating both tumor targetability and cellular immune response were investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that therapeutic system greatly promoted the CD8+ T-cell activation and the cytokine production; and reduced the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) levels in tumors. This novel biomimetic therapeutic system can significantly promote immunomodulatory and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo experiments.