bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of electrodermal activity in pulpal diagnosis and dental pain assessment
Authors: Tran Hanh T. , Kong Youngsun , Talati Ankur , Posada‐Quintero Hugo , Chon Ki H. , Chen I‐Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore whether electrodermal activity (EDA) can serve as a complementary tool for pulpal diagnosis (Aim 1) and an objective metric to assess dental pain before and after local anaesthesia (Aim 2).MethodologyA total of 53 subjects (189 teeth) and 14 subjects (14 teeth) were recruited for Aim 1 and Aim 2, respectively. We recorded EDA using commercially available devices, PowerLab and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Amplifier, in conjunction with cold and electric pulp testing (EPT). Participants rated their level of sensation on a 0–10 visual analogue scale (VAS) after each test. We recorded EPT‐stimulated EDA activity before and after the administration of local anaesthesia for participants who required root canal treatment (RCT) due to painful pulpitis. The raw data were converted to the time‐varying index of sympathetic activity (TVSymp), a sensitive and specific parameter of EDA. Statistical analysis was performed using Python 3.6 and its Scikit‐post hoc library.ResultsElectrodermal activity was upregulated by the stimuli of cold and EPT testing in the normal pulp. TVSymp signals were significantly increased in vital pulp compared to necrotic pulp by both cold test and EPT. Teeth that exhibited intensive sensitivity to cold with or without lingering pain had increased peak numbers of TVSymp than teeth with mild sensation to cold. Pre‐ and post‐anaesthesia EDA activity and VAS scores were recorded in patients with painful pulpitis. Post‐anaesthesia EDA signals were significantly lower compared to pre‐anaesthesia levels. Approximately 71% of patients (10 of 14 patients) experienced no pain during treatment and reported VAS score of 0 or 1. The majority of patients (10 of 14) showed a reduction of TVSymp after the administration of anaesthesia. Two of three patients who experienced increased pain during RCT (post‐treatment VAS > pre‐treatment VAS) exhibited increased post‐anaesthesia TVSymp.ConclusionsOur data show promising results for using EDA in pulpal diagnosis and for assessing dental pain. Whilst our testing was limited to subjects who had adequate communication skills, our future goal is to be able to use this technology to aid in the endodontic diagnosis of patients who have limited communication ability.
A post‐mortem analysis of the used gel‐bonded Al2O3–MgAl2O4 castables in an industrial steelmaking ladle
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Guohua , Liu Guangping , Zhao Yi , Li Nan , Chen Junfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a cement‐free alumina‐spinel (Al2O3–MgAl2O4) castables with a new aluminum–magnesium gel binder were developed to line the Ruhrstahl Heraeus refining ladle, chemical attacks, and degradation mechanisms of the used alumina‐spinel castables after industrial trials were investigated. The results indicated that a reaction product layer of (Mg, Fe)Al2O4 was observed between the slag layer and penetration layer (PL), which was mainly derived from the reaction between MgAl2O4 spinel in the refractory matrix and FeOt from slag or an oxidation of steel, and thereby prevented the further penetration of FeOt. Meanwhile, the in situ spinel could also entrap slight CaO, SiO2, and FeOt from the infiltrated slag to form composite spinel in the PL. Moreover, chemical corrosion/penetration and structural spalling dominated the degradation process of the refractory lining in this case. Cracks formed between the deteriorated layer and original layer because of mechanical and thermal stress, which caused spalling from the refractory's hot face.
Changes in physio‐biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of different Chinese pea varieties during germination
Authors: Wang Jing , Ma Yan , Huang Xianqing , Song Lianjun , Li Ning , Cheng Yongxia , Shen Yue , Li Qian , Li Tiange , Hai Dan 
Published: November 2022

SummaryIn this study, changes in physiological and biochemical metabolism, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of six different Chinese pea varieties during germination were investigated. Results showed that germination had a positive effect on the physiological indexes and bioactive substances of pea. The bud length, root length, fresh weight and respiration rate of pea sprouts increased with germination time. The content of free and bound phenolics in germinated peas increased significantly. Meanwhile, activated phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4‐hydroxylase (C4H) and 4‐coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase (4CL) led to the accumulation of phenolics. Antioxidant capacity of pea sprouts increased with the extension of germination time. From the perspective of principal component analysis, compared with the other five varieties, Longwan 7 can be distinguished by free phenolic content in the later stage of germination. The result provides a new perspective for further development of pea as a functional food for human consumption.
Control of milk acidity by photoluminescence
Authors: Dorokhov Alexey , Samarin Gennady Nikolaevich , Kudryavtsev Alexander , Efremenkov Igor , Ershova Irina , Belyakov Mikhail 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFor a quality assessment of milk and dairy products, the optical methods are used. In this paper, the use possibility is investigated of the optical method of photoluminescence for the milk acidity value finding out. The spectral measurements were carried out on a diffraction spectrofluorimeter in the range of 200–500 nm. The milk acidity measurement accuracy was controlled by the titrimetric method. It is established that as far as milk sours, the excitation spectra in the range of 200–500 nm decrease; but there are qualitative changes in the range of 350–500 nm. With acidity growth, the photoluminescence flux decreases if it is excited by the radiation value λe = 262 nm, grows at λe = 385 nm and decreases at λe = 442 nm. It is advisable to control the milk acidity in terms of the photoluminescence fluxes ratio Φ385/Φ442. The linear approximation of the function Φ385/Φ442(K) is statistically reliable (the determination factor R2 = 0.99).
Wood feeding and social living: Draft genome of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Blattodea; Termitoidae)
Authors: Martelossi Jacopo , Forni Giobbe , Iannello Mariangela , Savojardo Castrense , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita , Mantovani Barbara , Luchetti Andrea , Rota‐Stabelli Omar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTermites (Insecta, Blattodea, Termitoidae) are a widespread and diverse group of eusocial insects known for their ability to digest wood matter. Herein, we report the draft genome of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus, an economically important species and among the most studied taxa with respect to eusocial organization and mating system. The final assembly (~813 Mb) covered up to 88% of the estimated genome size and, in agreement with the Asexual Queen Succession Mating System, it was found completely homozygous. We predicted 16,349 highly supported gene models and 42% of repetitive DNA content. Transposable elements of R. lucifugus show similar evolutionary dynamics compared to that of other termites, with two main peaks of activity localized at 25% and 8% of Kimura divergence driven by DNA, LINE and SINE elements. Gene family turnover analyses identified multiple instances of gene duplication associated with R. lucifugus diversification, with significant lineage‐specific gene family expansions related to development, perception and nutrient metabolism pathways. Finally, we analysed P450 and odourant receptor gene repertoires in detail, highlighting the large diversity and dynamical evolutionary history of these proteins in the R. lucifugus genome. This newly assembled genome will provide a valuable resource for further understanding the molecular basis of termites biology as well as for pest control.
Li2+xZrO3Fx (0 ≤ x ≤1.25): A new high‐Q × f and temperature‐stable microwave dielectric ceramic system for LTCC applications
Authors: Gao Yufeng , Jiang Juan , Wang Jinzhao , Gan Lin , Jiang Xingmao , Zhang Tianjin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHere we report a new high‐Q × f and temperature‐stable oxyfluoride microwave dielectric ceramic system of Li2+xZrO3Fx (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.25) sintered at low temperatures (i.e., ≤950°C). The sintering characteristics, phase assemblage, microstructures, and microwave dielectric properties (MDPs) of the Li2+xZrO3Fx specimens were studied. The chemical bond theory calculations were employed to analyze the compositional dependence of the MDPs in the Li2+xZrO3Fx ceramic system. The optimal MDPs of εr = 15.8, Q × f = 65 100 GHz, and τf = 1.2 ppm/°C were achieved in the sample with x = 1. Besides, the ceramic samples exhibited high chemical compatibility with Ag electrodes. Therefore, the novel ceramic system of Li2+xZrO3Fx is confirmed to be a promising candidate as a low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic material.
An open source pipeline for quantitative immunohistochemistry image analysis of inflammatory skin disease using artificial intelligence
Authors: Ding Yuchun , Dhawan Gaurav , Jones Claire , Ness Thomas , Nichols Esme , Krasnogor Natalio , Reynolds Nick J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) to whole slide images has the potential to improve research reliability and ultimately diagnostic efficiency and service capacity. Image annotation plays a key role in AI and digital pathology. However, the work‐streams required for tissue‐specific (skin) and immunostain‐specific annotation has not been extensively studied compared with the development of AI algorithms.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to develop a common workflow for annotating whole slide images of biopsies from inflammatory skin disease immunostained with a variety of epidermal and dermal markers prior to the development of the AI‐assisted analysis pipeline.MethodsA total of 45 slides containing 3–5 sections each were scanned using Aperio AT2 slide scanner (Leica Biosystems). These slides were annotated by hand using a commonly used image analysis tool which resulted in more than 4000 images blocks. We used deep learning (DL) methodology to first sequentially segment (epidermis and upper dermis), with the exclusion of common artefacts and second to quantify the immunostained signal in those two compartments of skin biopsies and the ratio of positive cells.ResultsWe validated two DL models using 10‐fold validation runs and by comparing to ground truth manually annotated data. The models achieved an average (global) accuracy of 95.0% for the segmentation of epidermis and dermis and 86.1% for the segmentation of positive/negative cells.ConclusionsThe application of two DL models in sequence facilitates accurate segmentation of epidermal and dermal structures, exclusion of common artefacts and enables the quantitative analysis of the immunostained signal. However, inaccurate annotation of the slides for training the DL model can decrease the accuracy of the output. Our open source code will facilitate further external validation across different immunostaining platforms and slide scanners.
Is drift ‘directional’? Unequal breeding sex ratio revisited
Authors: Qin Ben 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnequal breeding sex ratio can significantly reduce effective population size, allowing a rare neutral allele to jump to a high frequency through genetic drift. However, this one‐way alteration to allele frequency appears inconsistent with the concept that drift is non‐directional. Based on binomial sampling distribution, this study developed a method to directly and exhaustively measure drift by calculating the mean deviation of change in allele frequency, then applied it to cases of unequal breeding sex ratio. The result shows that, under those cases, (1) the mean deviation can always be divided into two halves that are equal in size but opposite in direction; (2) each half consists of one or several categories represented by various allele proportions in the rare sex; (3) this proportion is another factor that determines the outcome of drift, in addition to effective population size and allele frequency; (4) drift is non‐directional on a global scale, but whether an allele will drift up or down can be predicted based on the above factors. This method enables us to dissect every component of the expected change in allele frequency caused by drift and to find out the combined effect of population size, allele frequency and allele proportion in the rarer sex under neutrality but unequal breeding sex ratio.
Reproductive isolation via divergent genital morphology due to cascade reinforcement inOhomopterusground beetles
Authors: Xia Tian , Nishimura Taira , Nagata Nobuaki , Kubota Kohei , Sota Teiji , Takami Yasuoki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSecondary contact between incipient species and selection against maladaptive hybridization can drive reinforcement between populations in contact and result in reproductive character displacement (RCD). Resultant divergence in mating traits within a species may generate downstream reproductive isolation between populations with displaced and non‐displaced traits, referred to as the cascade reinforcement hypothesis. We examined this hypothesis using three allopatric populations of the ground beetleCarabus maiyasanuswith a genital lock‐and‐key system. This species shows RCD in male and female genital morphologies in populations in contact with the sister speciesC. iwawakianus. In a reciprocal mating experiment using three allopatric populations with differences in male and female genital sizes, insemination failure increased as the difference in genital size increased. Based on the reproductive isolation index, insemination failure was the major postmating‐prezygotic isolation barrier, at least in one population pair with comparable total isolation to those of other species pairs. By contrast, there was only incomplete premating isolation among populations. These results suggest that RCD in genital morphologies drives incipient allopatric speciation, supporting the cascade reinforcement hypothesis. These findings provide insight into the roles of interspecific interactions and subsequent trait diversification in speciation processes.
The perinatal outcomes by gestational weight gain range at 30 weeks of gestation among pre‐pregnancy underweight women
Authors: Nagao Takeshi , Fukui Sho , Ohde Sachiko , Yamanaka Michiko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the perinatal outcomes by gestational weight gain (GWG) range at 30 weeks of gestation among underweight pregnant women (pre‐pregnancy body mass index ≤ 18.5 kg/m2) in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a hospital in Japan from 2003 to 2020. The underweight pregnant women (UPW; n = 3643) were divided into quartile groups based on the weight gain at 30 weeks of gestation: group Q1 ≤ 5.7 kg, 5.7 kg < Q2 ≤ 7.2 kg, 7.2 kg < Q3 ≤ 8.8 kg, and 8.8 kg < Q4. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared using the t‐test, chi‐square test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe cumulative incidences of preterm births were 7.5% (n = 70), 5.0% (n = 45), 5.4% (n = 50), and 4.9% (n = 44), and the birth rates of small for gestational age (SGA) infants were 15.7% (n = 147), 9.6% (n = 87), 6.9% (n = 64), and 5.9% (n = 53) in Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that Q1 was significantly associated with preterm births (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–2.3), and Q1 and Q2 were significantly associated with SGA (adj. OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 2.2–4.3; adj. OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2–2.5, respectively). None of the quartile groups were significantly associated with the incidence of primary cesarean sections, gestational diabetes mellitus, and macrosomia.ConclusionsIn UPW, GWG at 30 weeks of ≤5.7 kg and ≤7.2 kg are associated with preterm birth and SGA rates, respectively.
Demographic plasticity in an invasive species: The effects of time since invasion and population management history on beavers in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: González‐Calderón A. , Escobar J. , Deferrari G. , Schiavini A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe North American beaver (Castor canadensis) has been an invasive species in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago since its intentional introduction in 1946. Its activities have led to such severe impacts on various environments that eradication has been tested as a management strategy. We assessed how vital rates (i.e., survivorship and reproduction) of the beavers were affected by time since invasion and population management history (such as lethal control). We constructed vertical life tables and compared survivorship, age‐specific survivorship, generation time, and life expectancy for different landscapes and management histories. As part of an eradication pilot program conducted between 2016–2018, 922 beavers were removed in seven pilot areas of the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Areas in which beavers have resided longest since invasion, areas without hunting pressure, and areas previously cleared of beavers had higher survivorship and longer generation time and life expectancy. Areas where beaver management was historical (trapping performed by the provincial government) or focused (trapping by landowners) had shorter life expectancy and generation time and advanced age at first reproduction. Beavers showed demographic plasticity in relation to time since invasion (increasing survivorship, generation time, life expectancy, and cohort life expectancy consistent with populations close to carrying capacity in areas with low or null management). They also exhibited plasticity in response to management histories (advanced breeding onset, reduced survivorship, and life expectancy in managed areas—similar to managed populations in their native range). We present management implications from demographic perspective for a future eradication or control program of beavers. We also highlight the importance of landowners in shaping beaver demography for the future management of the species. Beaver demography reacts dynamically and rapidly to local removal, creating challenges for management based on the removal of beavers.
Effectiveness of game‐based core exercise in children with non‐neuropathic bladder dysfunction and comparison to biofeedback therapy
Authors: Kilcik Melek Havva , Ozdemir Filiz , Elmas Ahmet Taner 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of game‐based core exercises in children diagnosed with non‐neuropathic bladder dysfunction and compare this effectiveness to that of the biofeedback treatment method.MethodsThe study included 48 children, aged 6–13 years, who were diagnosed with non‐neuropathic bladder dysfunction. The children satisfying the inclusion criteria were selected by drawing lots from the population with the method of nonprobability random sampling. The patients were divided into three groups: group I, “game‐based core stabilization exercise training”; group II, “biofeedback program”; and group III, “game‐based core stabilization exercise training in addition to the biofeedback program.” The Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Symptom Scale (DVISS) scores and uroflowmetry values of the patients were evaluated before and after the treatment.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 8.81 ± 2.08 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the pretreatment and post‐treatment DVISS scores in all three groups (p < .05). However, no significant difference was found among the groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the uroflowmetry results of the patients in group I and II before and after the treatment. In group III, the time to maximum flow rate after treatment was significantly reduced, and the average flow rate was significantly increased.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study, the use of game‐based exercises along with biofeedback treatment may reduce DVISS scores in children with non‐neuropathic bladder dysfunction. A combination of the two methods may have positively affected the uroflowmetry results of the patients. We think that game‐based exercises will contribute to the literature as a new treatment option in the treatment of non‐neuropathic bladder dysfunction.
Elastic structural analysis based on graph neural network without labeled data
Authors: Song Ling‐Han , Wang Chen , Fan Jian‐Sheng , Lu Hong‐Ming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence is gaining increasing popularity in structural analysis. However, at the structural system level, the appropriateness of data representation, the paucity of data, and the physical interpretability of results are rarely studied and remain profound challenges. To fill such gaps, a physics‐informed model named StructGNN‐E (i.e., structural analysis based on graph neural network [GNN]–elastic) based on the GNN architecture, which is capable of implementing the elastic analysis of structural systems without labeled data, is proposed in this study. The systems with structural topologies and member configurations are organized as graph data and later processed by a modified graph isomorphism network. Moreover, to avoid dependence on big data, a novel physics‐informed paradigm is proposed to incorporate mechanics into deep learning (DL), ensuring the theoretical correctness of the results. Numerical experiments and ablation studies demonstrate the unique effectiveness of StructGNN‐E against common DL models, with an average accuracy of 99% and excellent computational efficiency. Due to its differentiability, StructGNN‐E is promising for bidirectionally linking structural parameters and analysis results, paving the way for a new end‐to‐end structural optimization method in the future.
Migration of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks among cattle
Authors: Mazzucco Panizza Matilde N. , Rossner Maria V. , Signorini Marcelo L. , Nava Santiago 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work was to quantitatively analyse the magnitude of the migration of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks among cattle under field conditions, in groups of bovines with different stocking rates. The role of this phenomenon in the epidemiology of Anaplasma marginale has been discussed. Cattle naturally infested with R. microplus (donors) and cattle non‐infested with R. microplus (recipients) were clustered for 13 days into two groups with low and high stocking rates (G1 and G2 respectively). The initial prevalence of infestation (infested cattle / total cattle) was 20% in both groups. Adult migratory ticks from donor to recipient cattle were recorded by examination of the recipient cattle on days 2, 6, 9, and 13. The tick infestation rate, calculated using the Kaplan–Meier survival test, was higher in G2 (p = 0.05). The cumulative incidence on day 13 was 25% in G1 and 65% in G2, with no significant differences. The results demonstrate that migration of adults of R. microplus under field conditions occurs, in accordance with previous studies, and that its magnitude is associated with the stocking rate. These results highlight the relevance of R. microplus in the epidemiology of A. marginale through its role as a vector in the intrastadial transmission of this pathogen of cattle.