bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local violence and transitions to marriage and cohabitation in Mexico
Authors: Caudillo Mónica L. , Lee Jaein 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether local violence is associated with the timing and type of women's first union formation.BackgroundLocal violence may cause disruptions to marriage markets and psychological and behavioral changes that may affect union formation patterns.MethodThe authors exploited the variation in homicide rates caused by a shift in national drug‐enforcement policy in Mexico in December 2006. Competing‐risks Cox models and union histories from a nationally representative survey of women (N = 33,292) were used to assess whether a recent increase in violence was associated with the timing of the first union transition, which could be either marriage or cohabitation. Analyses were conducted separately by education level.ResultsA recent increase in the local homicide rate was associated with delayed first marriage formation for less educated women. Supplementary analyses suggested that a decrease in the number of employed men per women, as well as reduced social interaction due to fear of victimization could be plausible causal mechanisms. No statistically significant associations were found between a recent increase in violence and transitions to first cohabitation for the less educated, or with any first union transition for the moderately and more educated.ConclusionAmong less educated women, a recent increase in violence was associated with a delayed entrance into marriage as a first union transition.ImplicationsBy increasing their barriers to marriage, local violence may contribute to the accumulation of disadvantage among disadvantaged women and families.
Root placement patterns in allelopathic plant–plant interactions
Authors: Wang Chao‐Yong , Li Lei‐Lei , Meiners Scott J. , Kong Chui‐Hua 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Plants actively respond to their neighbors by altering root placement patterns. Neighbor‐modulated root responses involve root detection and interactions mediated by root‐secreted functional metabolites. However, chemically mediated root placement patterns and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
We used an allelopathic wheat model system challenged with 60 target species to identify root placement responses in window rhizobox experiments. We then tested root responses and their biochemical mechanisms in incubation experiments involving the addition of activated carbon and functional metabolites with amyloplast staining and auxin localization in roots.
Wheat and each target species demonstrated intrusive, avoidant or unresponsive root placement, resulting in a total of nine combined patterns. Root placement patterns were mediated by wheat allelochemicals and (–)‐loliolide signaling of neighbor species. In particular, (–)‐loliolide triggered wheat allelochemical production that altered root growth and placement, degraded starch grains in the root cap and induced uneven distribution of auxin in target species roots.
Root placement patterns in wheat–neighbor interactions were perception dependent and species dependent. Signaling (−)‐loliolide induced the production and release of wheat allelochemicals that modulated root placement patterns. Therefore, root placement patterns are generated by both signaling chemicals and allelochemicals in allelopathic plant–plant interactions.
Variable skin findings in two siblings with KDSR mutations manifesting in PERIOPTER syndrome
Authors: Wijsmans Daphne , Spanoudi‐Kitrimi Ifigenia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPathogenic variants in the KDSR gene give rise to a Mendelian disorder called PERIOPTER syndrome. The disease is caused by a disruption in ceramide synthesis, with an impact on both skin and bone marrow. Patients with PERIOPTER syndrome show intermittent thrombocytopenia and/or associated anemia as well as disorders of keratinization. We present two siblings with identical compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the KDSR gene, but with different clinical manifestations.
Ethical leadership supports safety voice by increasing risk perception and reducing ethical ambiguity: Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cakir M. Selim , Wardman Jamie K. , Trautrims Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMisconduct by business and political leaders during the pandemic is feared to have impacted people's adherence to protective measures that would help to safeguard against the spread of COVID‐19. Addressing this concern, this article theorizes and tests a model linking ethical leadership with workplace risk communication—a practice referred to as ‘safety voice’ in the research literature. Our study, conducted with 511 employees from UK companies, revealed that ethical leadership is positively associated with greater intention to engage in safety voice regarding COVID‐19. We also find that this association is mediated by relations with the perceived health risk of COVID‐19 and ambiguity about ethical decision making in the workplace. These findings therefore underscore the importance of good ethical conduct by leaders for ensuring that health and safety risks are well understood and communicated effectively by organizational members particularly during crises. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study and highlight further opportunities for future research to address the ethical dimensions of leadership, risk management, and organizational risk communication.
Predicting the development of dependency on the teacher in late childhood: The role of peer victimization and peer beliefs
Authors: Brigham Emily F. , Troop‐Gordon Wendy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvidence indicates that being overly dependent on the teacher places children's academic and socioemotional development at risk. However, little is known about what predicts dependency on the teacher or how the quality of interactions occurring within the classroom peer system may impact how children relate to their teacher the following school year. The current study tested the proposition that peer victimization may result in negative perceptions of classmates (i.e., peer beliefs), leading to overreliance on teachers. Data were collected from 365 children in the fall and spring of their third/fourth grade year and the fall of their fourth/fifth grade year (195 girls; Mage = 8.92 years; 86.8% white). Peer‐reports of peer victimization and self‐reports of peer beliefs were collected at each wave of the study. Teacher‐reports of dependency were collected in the fall of the first and second years of the study. Path analyses showed that for boys peer victimization directly predicted higher levels of dependency on the next year's teacher, and, for boys and girls, peer victimization indirectly predicted dependency through lower levels of prosocial peer beliefs. Supplemental analyses assessing teacher‐child conflict and closeness confirmed that findings were unique to dependency. These results underscore how children's perceptions of their classmates may contribute to dependency in their relationships with teachers and highlight the need for further research into the transactional and cumulative impact of difficulties within peer and teacher relationships.
Encouraging a peer in need: The impacts of social anxiety and peer familiarity
Authors: Dys Sebastian P. , Burrows Catherine A. , Usher Lauren V. , Almas Alisa N. , Degnan Kathryn A. , Fox Nathan A. , Henderson Heather A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtant research has produced conflicting findings regarding the link between social fearfulness and prosocial behavior, with some studies reporting negative relations and others reporting null effects. Furthermore, these studies have focused predominantly on toddlerhood, and few have examined prosociality between peers. The present study investigated whether the link between social anxiety and prosocial behavior (i.e., providing encouragement) varied depending on interpersonal and situational factors (i.e., one's familiarity with a peer, and the level of support sought by a peer, respectively). We tested this question using a multimethod approach, which included ecologically valid stress‐inducing task and dyadic design with a sample of 9‐ to 10‐year‐olds (N = 447). Results revealed that social anxiety was related negatively to providing encouragement among familiar and unfamiliar dyads. In familiar dyads, however, this main effect was qualified by an interaction with the level of support sought by one's peer. Compared to those low in social anxiety, children high in social anxiety provided relatively less encouragement in response to higher levels of support seeking from their peers. The findings are considered in relation to theorizing regarding the effect of overarousal on children's prosocial behavior.
A Numerical Study on the Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of a Heavy Duty Natural Gas/Diesel RCCI Engine
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Zhou Song , Xi Hongyuan , Shreka Majed , Zhang Zhao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to energy shortages and environmental issues, the application of reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines has received extensive attention. Through the verification of the model, RCCI combustion can be accurately simulated. In this study, the combustion and the emission performance of a single-cylinder heavy-duty natural gas/diesel RCCI engine have been optimized through numerical simulation. Six important parameters including start of injection (SOI) timing, intake valve closing temperature, intake valve closing pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), swirl ratio, and spray angle have been investigated. The goal is to meet the requirements of European VI emission regulations while maintaining a high gross indicated efficiency (GIE). A strategy to achieve clean and efficient combustion of RCCI engine is proposed. The results showed that the addition of EGR can effectively reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. SOI had the greatest impact on RCCI combustion and emission performance. Earlier SOI can improve the uniformity of the fuel mixture in the cylinder. Under the combined optimization of six important parameters, NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide emissions can meet European VI emission regulations, and fuel consumption can meet Environmental Protection Agency consumption regulations, improving the GIE.
Design Optimization of a High-Speed Twin-Stage Compressor for Next-Gen Aircraft Environmental Control System
Authors: Giuffre' Andrea , Colonna Piero , Pini Matteo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The environmental control system (ECS) is the largest auxiliary power consumer, i.e., around 75% of non-propulsive power, among the aircraft subsystems. The adoption of a novel ECS architecture, based on an electrically-driven vapor compression cycle system, can enable a twofold increase of coefficient of performance at cruise conditions, as compared to the conventional air cycle machine. The core of this technology is a high-speed, miniature centrifugal compressor, consisting of two impellers mounted in back-to-back configuration, and running on gas bearings, operating with refrigerant. The fluid dynamic design optimization of the twin-stage compressor, to be installed in the vapor compression cycle test rig under realization at Delft University of Technology, is documented in this paper. First, the scaling analysis for centrifugal compressor is extended to provide guidelines for the design of twin-stage machines. Then, a multi-objective conceptual design optimization is performed by resorting to an in-house reduced-order model (ROM), coupled to a genetic algorithm. The fluid dynamic performance and the structural integrity of the optimal design are assessed by means of a hybrid framework, encompassing computational fluid dynamics and ROMs, and by finite element analysis. The results show that it is possible to design a twin-stage compressor for the target application, featuring an average efficiency higher than 70%, a maximum compression ratio exceeding 9, and an operating range of 0.27 at the design rotational speed, despite the detrimental effects of motor cooling and miniature size.
Integrated Approach for Estimating Extreme Hydrodynamic Loads on Elevated Pile Cap Foundation Using Environmental Contour of Simulated Typhoon Wave, Current, and Surge Conditions
Authors: Wei Kai , Shang Daimeng , Zhong Xi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Typhoon is a disastrous weather system, which usually induces strong waves, currents, and surges along the coastal area, and causes severe hydrodynamic loads on the elevated pile cap foundation, which is widely used to support the sea-crossing bridge. Estimating the hydrodynamic loads under typhoons is essential to ensure the bridge's safety. This paper develops an environmental contour-based framework that can estimate the extreme hydrodynamic loads induced by typhoons while considering the correlation among environmental conditions. The elevated pile cap foundation of the Xihoumen Rail-cum-road Bridge was used to illustrate the framework. The SWAN + ADCIRC model was employed to simulate the environmental conditions under typhoons. The pair-copulas were adopted to construct joint probability distributions, and the environmental contours with a given return period were then established by the inverse first-order reliability method. Given the hydrodynamic model and short-term peak value of the structural response, the AK-LHS method was then used to find the maximum hydrodynamic loads based on the environmental contours. The environmental contour constructing methods and selection methods of short-term peak values were compared and discussed. The main findings include: (1) ignoring correlations of the environmental conditions overestimates the extreme hydrodynamic loads and results in a conservative design; (2) the estimation of extreme hydrodynamic loads is affected by the selection and fitting of short-term peak values significantly; and (3) the extreme hydrodynamic loads estimated by either Rosenblatt transformation or Nataf transformation shows similar results.
Nozzle resonance mechanism and cooperative optimization of self-excited oscillating pulse cavitation jet
Authors: Yuan Xiaoming , Wang Ning , Wang Weidong , Zhang Lijie , Zhu Yong 
Published: October 2022

The peak value and pulsation amplitude of the self-excited oscillating pulse cavitation jet nozzle are essential indices to evaluate the jet performance. We established a simulation model of the jet process of the nozzle to investigate the evolution mechanism of the inner and outer flow fields. We used the chamber fillet, chamber diameter, chamber length, and outlet-tube diameter as the design variables, and the peak value of the striking force and the amplitude of the pulsation of the striking force as the target variables. The collaborative optimization design method of the nozzle was determined by combining the orthogonal test method, the back propagation neural network, and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm. As indicated by the results, when the inlet pressure was 3 MPa, the factors ranked as follows in terms of their effects on the jet performance of the nozzle: the chamber fillet, the outlet-tube diameter, chamber diameter, and the chamber length. To verify the feasibility of the collaborative optimization method, the nozzle was fabricated via 3D printing, and the simulation model was verified by testing. This study provides support to the development of design theory for self-oscillating pulsed cavitation jet nozzles.
Cosmological solutions with time-delay
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: October 2022

We introduce a time-delay function in bulk viscosity cosmology. Even for bulk viscosity functions where closed-form solutions are known, because of the time-delay term, the exact solutions are lost. Therefore in order to study the cosmological evolution of the resulting models we perform a detailed analysis of the stability of the critical points, which describe de Sitter solutions, by using Lindstedt’s method. We find that for the stability of the critical points it depends also on the time-delay parameter, where a critical time-delay value is found which plays the role of a bifurcation point. For time-delay values near the critical value, the cosmological evolution has a periodic evolution, this oscillating behavior is because of the time-delay function. We find a new behavior near the exponential expansion point, which can be seen also as an alternative way to exit the exponential inflation.
Mediterranean onshore–offshore gradient in the composition and temporal turnover of benthic molluscs across the middle Piacenzian Warm Period
Authors: Dominici Stefano , Danise Silvia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (mPWP: 3.3–3.0 Ma) is the most recent geological analogue of ongoing climate change and has been the subject of considerable interest for numerical models of the climate system. To verify the effect of the mPWP on diversity and temporal turnover of marine benthic communities, we evaluated changes in species-level abundance and the composition of Mediterranean Pliocene molluscs prior, during and after the mPWP. The Pliocene onshore–offshore gradient in species composition did not change during the mPWP (and continued basically unchanged up to the present day in the Mediterranean Sea), with most dominant species occupying the same rank in a given environment. During the mPWP, species evenness generally increased towards offshore environments. Within the three time intervals, temporal similarity is greater in offshore environments, except during the mPWP when offshore communities also exhibited greater dissimilarity. The temporal turnover in composition decreased again with depth as global temperatures decreased after the mPWP. The structure of mPWP communities suggests that warming and sea-level rise contributed to the expansion of vegetated bottoms (onshore) and shelly and coralligenous bottoms (offshore). Although the effects of mPWP warming did not change the onshore–offshore gradient in the long term, its effect disproportionately affected deeper environments, in contrast to colder climate regimes.
Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Transfer of LncRNA IGFL2-AS1 Confers Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pan Yihui , Lu Xuanxuan , Shu Guannan , Cen Junjie , Lu Jun , Zhou Mi , Huang Kangbo , Dong Jiaqi , Li Jiaying , Lin Haishan , Song Hongde , Xu Quanhui , Han Hui , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Wei , Luo Junhang , Wei Jinhuan , Zhang Jiaxing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Sunitinib resistance remains a serious challenge to the treatment of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet the mechanisms underlying this resistance are not fully understood. Here, we report that the long noncoding RNA IGFL2-AS1 is a driver of therapy resistance in RCC. IGFL2-AS1 was highly upregulated in sunitinib-resistant RCC cells and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who received sunitinib therapy. IGFL2-AS1 enhanced TP53INP2 expression by competitively binding to hnRNPC, a multifunctional RNA-binding protein that posttranscriptionally suppresses TP53INP2 expression through alternative splicing. Upregulated TP53INP2 enhanced autophagy and ultimately led to sunitinib resistance. Meanwhile, IGFL2-AS1 was packaged into extracellular vesicles through hnRNPC, thus transmitting sunitinib resistance to other cells. N6-methyladenosine modification of IGFL2-AS1 was critical for its interaction with hnRNPC. In a patient-derived xenograft model of sunitinib-resistant ccRCC, injection of chitosan-solid lipid nanoparticles containing antisense oligonucleotide-IGFL2-AS1 successfully reversed sunitinib resistance. These findings indicate a novel molecular mechanism of sunitinib resistance in RCC and suggest that IGFL2-AS1 may serve as a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target to overcome resistance.

Significance:
Extracellular vesicle-packaged IGFL2-AS1 promotes sunitinib resistance by regulating TP53INP2-triggered autophagy, implicating this lncRNA as a potential therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma.
The Macrophage-Associated LncRNA MALR Facilitates ILF3 Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation to Promote HIF1α Signaling in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Ze-Xian , Li Jia-Jun , Zeng Zhao-Lei , Wang Jin-Hong , Luo Xiao-Jing , Wong Chau-Wei , Zheng Jia-Bo , Pu Heng-Ying , Mo Hai-Yu , Sheng Hui , Wu Qi-Nian , Li Hao , Wan Gang , Li Bo , Wang De-shen , Xu Rui-Hua , Ju Huai-Qiang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are among the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and are important mediators of tumor development and progression. Here, we identified a macrophage-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), MALR, that facilitates progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). TAM-mediated secretion of TNFα drove MALR upregulation in ESCC cells. MALR promoted aerobic glycolytic activity and facilitated angiogenesis by activating the HIF1α signaling pathway. Mechanistically, MALR bound the dsRBD1 domain of interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3), promoting ILF3 protein stability and ILF3-mediated liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), thereby enhancing HIF1α mRNA stability by preventing PARN-mediated degradation. Loss of MALR suppressed cell line–based and patient-derived xenograft tumor growth. Clinically, high expression of MALR positively correlated with HIF1α target gene expression and indicated poor prognoses for patients with esophageal cancer. Overall, this study uncovers the physiologic roles of MALR/ILF3-mediated LLPS in tumor microenvironment remodeling, highlighting the MALR–ILF3–HIF1α axis as a potential target for cancer therapy.

Significance:
Secretion of TNFα by tumor-associated macrophages stimulates cancer cells to upregulate lncRNA MALR, which induces ILF3 liquid–liquid phase separation and activation of HIF1α signaling to promote cancer progression.
Towards a Judicial r2p: The International Court of Justice and the Obligation to Prevent Genocide in The Gambia v. Myanmar Case
Authors: Pezzano Luciano 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article proposes a reading of the 2020 Order on Provisional Measures in The Gambia v. Myanmar case through the r2p lens. It holds that the International Court of Justice (icj), notwithstanding its inherent limitations as a judicial organ, can play an important role in the responsibility of the international community to help to protect populations from genocide, and that a ‘judicial r2p’ can exist under r2p’s Pillar Three. To that end, the article develops two main arguments. First, that in the 2020 Order, the icj used a language closer to r2p than ever. Second, that, by submitting the dispute to the Court, The Gambia not only has exercised a right under the Genocide Convention, but it also fulfilled its obligation to prevent genocide, and as a member of the international community, has contributed to activate the latter’s r2p regarding the Rohingya in Myanmar.