bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tormentic Acid Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis in vivo by Inhibiting Glycerophospholipids Metabolism and PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB Pathways: Based on Transcriptomics and Metabolomics
Authors: Lin Xing , Wei Yuanyuan , Li Yan , Xiong Yuhua , Fang Bin , Li Cuiyu , Huang Quanfang , Huang Renbin , Wei Jinbin 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of tormentic acid (TA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. The rats were intragastrically administered with 50% CCl4 for 9 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis, followed by various agents for 6 weeks. Transcriptomic analysis was carried out to predict the potential targets, and then multiple examinations were performed to verify the prediction. The results showed that TA significantly alleviated liver injury and fibrosis, as evidenced by the ameliorative pathological tissue, low transaminase activity, and decreased collagen accumulation. Besides, TA markedly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis by regulating the expression of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 families. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 2,173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the TA and model groups, which could be enriched in the metabolic pathways and the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. The metabolomics analysis showed that TA could regulate the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway by regulating the synthesis of phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines. Moreover, the integrative analysis of the transcriptomics and metabolomics data indicated that TA inhibited the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway by inhibiting the expression of LPCAT4, PTDSS2, PLA2G2A and CEPT1. In addition, the relevant signaling pathways analysis confirmed that TA inhibited HSCs activation by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and ameliorated inflammatory injury by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, TA significantly alleviates liver fibrosis in vivo by inhibiting the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Mammea B/BA Isolated From the Seeds of Mammea americana L. (Calophyllaceae) is a Potent Inhibitor of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pájaro-González Yina , Oliveros-Díaz Andrés F. , Cabrera-Barraza Julián , Fernández-Daza Eduardo , Reyes Niradiz , Montes-Guevara Oscar A. , Caro-Fuentes Daneiva , Franco-Ospina Luis , Quiñones- Fletcher Wiston , Quave Cassandra L. , Díaz-Castillo Fredyc 
Published: March 2022

Staphylococcus aureus remains a pathogen of high concern in public health programs worldwide due to antibiotic resistance and emergence of highly virulent strains. Many phytochemicals have demonstrated activity against S. aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria, but the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values comparable to commonly used antibiotics are needed. In the present study, bio-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of seeds of Mammea americana L. (Calophyllaceae) throughout the antibacterial activity, against S. aureus strains that are sensitive and resistant to methicillin, led to the isolation of four coumarins identified as mammea B/BA, mammea B/BC, mammea A/AA cyclo D and mammea A/AA cyclo F, and a mixture of mammea B/BA cyclo F plus mammea B/BD cyclo F. The extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus with MIC values of 2–4 μg/ml and Mammea B/BA (MaBBA) presented MIC values in a range between 0.5 and 1.0 μg/ml in six methicillin-sensitive strains and eight methicillin-resistant strains evaluated. We consider MaBBA the most potent of all mammea coumarins reported to date, according to the literature review carried out at the time of writing of this article. Toxicity assessment in vivo against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in vitro against human fibroblasts of the extract and the compound MaBBA indicated that both had low toxicity.
Oxygen Uptake in Repeated Cycling Sprints Against Different Loads Is Comparable Between Men and Preadolescent Boys
Authors: Theos Apostolos , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Jansson Daniel , Nevill Alan M. , Papaspyrou Aggeliki , Maridaki Maria 
Published: March 2022

Children recover faster than adults in repeated sprints, but it is unclear if their aerobic responses differ.PurposeThis study tested the hypothesis that aerobic response (VO2) during repeated sprints is greater in preadolescent boys than in men. Further, this study compared normalization with conventional ratio-scaling and scaling with the use of body mass (BM) as a covariate.MethodsNine boys (age: 11.8 ± 0.6 years, swimmers) and 11 men (age: 21.7 ± 0.6 years, recreational athletes) performed 10 maximal 6-s cycling sprints separated by 24-s of passive recovery, against two loads (optimum and 50% of optimum). Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured continuously.ResultsMen’s mean power output (MPO) was greater than boys in each sprint, both in absolute (unscaled) values ( p &lt; 0.05) and when adjusted for lean leg volume ( p &lt; 0.05). Children had lower absolute VO2 ( p &lt; 0.05) than men, but when it was adjusted for BM or power-output, VO2 was comparable between men and boys. Thus, most of the difference in VO2 between men and boys was due to body size and power-output differences.ConclusionOur results suggest that men and boys have similar VO2 during repeated sprints when appropriately adjusted to body mass or power output. Results highlight the importance of using appropriate scaling methods to compare adults’ and children’s aerobic responses to high-intensity exercise.
Pregnancy Patterns Impact Live Birth Rate for Patients With Intrauterine Adhesions After Hysteroscopic Adhesiolysis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Dan , Mao Xuetao , Zhang Aiqian , Gao Bingsi , Huang Huan , Burjoo Arvind , Xu Dabao , Zhao Xingping 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe pregnancy patterns and other factors of live birth for patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) were identified by analyzing the clinical features of pre-, intra-, and post-hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (HA).DesignA total of 742 patients with IUAs who wanted to become pregnant underwent HA from January 2017 to May 2018 at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patient follow-up period was 2 years post-HA. A logistic regression was performed to analyze the clinical characteristics associated with a live birth for patients with IUAs. Pre-operative clinical indicators included age, gravidity, parity, abortion, IUA recurrence, menstrual patterns, disease course. Intraoperative clinical features assessed in the last operation were uterine cavity length, IUA appearance, IUA area, number of visible uterine cornua, number of visible tubal ostia, AFS scores. Pregnancy patterns were post-hysteroscopic adhesiolysis features.ResultsAmong the 742 IUA patients, 348 (46.9%) had a live birth and 394 (53.1%) did not. A bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis showed that IUA patients’ pregnancy patterns, age, number of visible tubal ostia noted by a second-look hysteroscopy, and American Fertility Society (AFS) scores were significantly related to the live birth rate (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsPregnancy patterns, age, number of visible tubal ostia, and AFS scores were significantly related to the live birth rate and may be considered potential predictors of the live birth rate in IUA patients. The indications of assisted reproductive technology (ART) might be a better choice for patients with recurrent IUAs.
Understanding Sleep-Wake Behavior in Late Chronotype Adolescents: The Role of Circadian Phase, Sleep Timing, and Sleep Propensity
Authors: Lang Christin , Richardson Cele , Micic Gorica , Gradisar Michael 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAdolescents with a late chronotype are at greater risk for mood disorders, risk-taking behaviors, school absenteeism, and lower academic achievement. As there are multiple causes for late chronotype, the field lacks studies on the relationship between mood, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment in late chronotype adolescents. Three objectives guide this explorative study: (1) to describe sleep, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment in late chronotype adolescents, (2) to explore how different levels of lateness are associated with sleep quality, sleep propensity, and mood, and (3) to investigate the influence of circadian phase on bedtime choice and sleep duration.MethodsBaseline data from 19 male adolescents (M = 16.4 ± 1.0 yrs), who were part of a larger intervention trial, were analyzed. Chronotype was measured with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, circadian timing via dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), and sleep habits with a 7-day sleep log. Further questionnaires assessed daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and mood. Evening sleepiness and sustained attention were used as a proxy for evening sleep propensity.ResultsOn school nights, sleep duration averaged 7.78 h (±1.65), and 9.00 h (±1.42) on weekend nights. Mean DLMO was observed at 23.13 h (± 1.65), with a weekend phase angle of entrainment of 2.48 h. Regression fittings revealed a tendency for shorter phase angles with delayed DLMOs. Further analysis with chronotype subgroups revealed that this was only true for light and moderate late types, whereas extreme late types showed wide phase angles. Even though daytime sleepiness and sleep duration did not differ between subgroups, mood and sleep quality declined as lateness increased. Extreme late chronotypes experienced higher evening sleepiness, while slight late chronotypes showed higher evening attention. Chronotype but not DLMO predicted bedtime on school- and particularly weekend-nights.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that with increasing lateness, the likelihood of experiencing poor sleep quality and mood disorders increases. As DLMO did not predict bedtime, our data indicate that the factors contributing to a late chronotype are versatile and complex, particularly for extreme late types. Further studies involving a larger and gender-balanced sample are needed to confirm findings.
The Association Between the China's Economic Development and the Passing Rate of National Physical Fitness Standards for Elderly People Aged 60–69 From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Liu Zeyong , Agudamu  , Bu Te , Akpinar Selcuk , Jabucanin Blazo 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAccording to the seventh demographic census, China's elderly population reached 260 million, accounting for 18.7% of the total population, indicating that China is on the verge of transitioning from a relatively mild aging to a moderately aging society, and an aging society inevitably brings concerns about the elderly people's health. The purpose of this study was to better understand the effect of economic development on the physical fitness of the elderly people aged 60–69 in China during the first two decades of the twenty-first century, as well as to establish a correlation between China's gross domestic product (GDP) and changes in the elderly people's passing rate of national physical fitness standards.MethodsA linear regression analysis was performed on the data of GDP and the passing rate of national physical fitness standards of Chinese elderly people aged 60–69 in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2020.ResultsThe passing rate of national physical fitness standards for elderly people aged 60–69 increased linearly (R2 = 80.56%, p &lt; 0.05), indicating that the physical fitness of the elderly tends to increase steadily with GDP expansion.ConclusionsBetween 2000 and 2020, the annual improvement in the physical fitness of the elderly people in China is inextricably linked to rapid economic development. Increased financial investments in public sports services and a corresponding national fitness plan all contribute to an overall improvement in the physical fitness of the elderly people. This outcome is the effect of fiscal and policy coordination, which may represent a distinctive Chinese model and contribution to the global effort to manage and improve population physical fitness.
Acute Effects of Esports on the Cardiovascular System and Energy Expenditure in Amateur Esports Players
Authors: Zimmer Rebecca T. , Haupt Sandra , Heidenreich Heiko , Schmidt Walter F. J. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionEsports is practiced by millions of people worldwide every day. On a professional level, esports has been proven to have a high stress potential and is sometimes considered equivalent to traditional sporting activities. While traditional sports have health-promoting effects through muscle activity and increased energy expenditure, amateur esports could represent a purely sedentary activity, which would carry potentially harmful effects when practiced regularly. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the acute effects of esports on the cardiovascular system and energy expenditure in amateur esports players to show whether esports can be considered as physical strain or mental stress or whether amateur esports has to be seen as purely sedentary behavior.MethodsThirty male subjects participated in a 30-min gaming session, playing the soccer simulation game FIFA 20 or the tactical, first-person multiplayer shooter Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, as well as energy expenditure, blood glucose, lactate, and cortisol, were determined pre-, during, and post-gaming.ResultsThere were no significant changes in oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, energy expenditure, stroke volume, or lactate levels. Heart rate, blood glucose and cortisol decreased through the intervention until reaching their minimum levels 10 min post-gaming (Cortisolpre: 3.1 ± 2.9 ng/ml, Cortisolpost: 2.2 ± 2.3 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.01; HRmin0.5: 82 ± 11 bpm, HRpost: 74 ± 13 bpm, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionA 30-min esports intervention does not positively affect energy expenditure or metabolism in amateur esports players. Therefore, it cannot provide the same health-promoting effects as traditional sports participation, but could in the long-term rather cause the same potentially health-damaging effects as purely sedentary behavior. However, it does not trigger a negative stress response in the players. Deliberate physical activity and exercise routines adapted to these demands should therefore be part of the daily life of amateur esports players.
Augmented Reality in Neurosurgery, State of Art and Future Projections. A Systematic Review
Authors: Cannizzaro Delia , Zaed Ismail , Safa Adrian , Jelmoni Alice J. M. , Composto Antonio , Bisoglio Andrea , Schmeizer Kyra , Becker Ana C. , Pizzi Andrea , Cardia Andrea , Servadei Franco 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe use of augmented reality (AR) is growing in medical education, in particular, in radiology and surgery. AR has the potential to become a strategic component of neurosurgical training courses. In fact, over the years, there has been a progressive increase in the application of AR in the various fields of neurosurgery. In this study, the authors aim to define the diffusion of these augmented reality systems in recent years. This study describes future trends in augmented reality for neurosurgeons.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify research published from December 1st, 2011 to November 30th, 2021. Electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus) were screened. The methodological quality of studies and extracted data were assessed for “augmented reality” and “neurosurgery”. The data analysis focused on the geographical distribution, temporal evolution, and topic of augmented reality in neurosurgery.ResultsA total of 198 studies have been included. The number of augmented reality applications in the neurosurgical field has increased during the last 10 years. The main topics on which it is mostly applied are spine surgery, neuronavigation, and education. The geographical distribution shows extensive use of augmented reality in the USA, Germany, China, and Canada. North America is the continent that uses augmented reality the most in the training and education of medical students, residents, and surgeons, besides giving the greatest research contribution in spine surgery, brain oncology, and surgical planning. AR is also extensively used in Asia for intraoperative navigation. Nevertheless, augmented reality is still far from reaching Africa and other countries with limited facilities, as no publications could be retrieved from our search.ConclusionsThe use of AR is significantly increased in the last 10 years. Nowadays it is mainly used in spine surgery and for neurosurgical education, especially in North America, Europe and China. A continuous growth, also in other aspects of the specialty, is expected in the next future.
Facility-Level Factors and Racial Disparities in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation within US Dialysis Clinics
Authors: Pun Patrick H. , Svetkey Laura P. , McNally Bryan , Dupre Matthew E. 
Published: March 2022

Key Points

Clinics caring for Black versus White cardiac arrest patients have significant differences in quality, resources, and patient case mix.Accounting for differences in clinic characteristics between Black versus White cardiac arrest patients did not reduce race disparities in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Relative to younger patients, older Black patients were less likely to receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dialysis clinics compared with older White patients.

Background
Cardiac arrest occurs frequently in outpatient dialysis clinics, and immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provision improves patient outcomes. However, Black patients in dialysis clinics receive CPR from clinic staff less often compared with White patients. We examined the role of dialysis facility resources and patient factors in the observed racial disparity in CPR receipt and automated external defibrillator application.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study linking the National Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival and Medicare Annual Dialysis Facility Report registries from 2013 to 2017. We identified patients experiencing cardiac arrests within US outpatient dialysis clinics via geolocation matching (N=1554). Differences in facility size, quality, staffing, and patient-related factors were summarized and compared according to patient race. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models including these factors were used to examine the influence of these factors on the observed disparity in CPR rates between Black and White patients.

Results
Compared with White patients, Black cardiac arrest patients dialyzed in larger facilities (26 versus 21 dialysis stations; P<0.001), facilities with fewer registered nurses per station (0.29 versus 0.33; P<0.001), and facilities with lower quality scores (# citations 6.8 versus 6.3; P=0.04). Facilities treating Black patients cared for a higher proportion of patients with a history of cardiac arrest (41% versus 35%; P<0.001), HIV/hepatitis B, and Medicaid-enrolled patients (15% versus 11%; P<0.001). Even after accounting for these differences and other covariates, the racial disparity for CPR in Black versus White patients persisted (OR=0.45; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.75). The racial disparity in CPR was greater among older patients compared with younger patients (interaction P=0.04).

Conclusions
The racial disparity in CPR delivery within dialysis clinics was not explained by differences in facility resources and quality. Reducing this disparity will require a multifaceted approach, including developing dialysis clinic-specific protocols for CPR and addressing potential implicit bias.
Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Плешко А.А. , Митьковская Н.П. , Григоренко Е.А. , Юшкевич Е.К. , Блатун В.П. 
Published: March 2022

Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) относится к числу наиболее частых острых инфекционных заболеваний, требующих госпитализации, а также является распространенной причиной смертности повсеместно. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) являются ведущей причиной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире. Большинство пациентов старше трудоспособного возраста, госпитализированных по поводу ВП, зачастую уже имеют коморбидную патологию. ВП как острое инфекционное заболевание может непосредственно приводить к возникновению сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, таких как нарушение ритма, инфаркт миокарда, сердечная недостаточность, инфаркт мозга, либо приводить к обострению ранее имевшейся кардиологической патологии. Поэтому выявление причин ассоциации сердечно-сосудистых событий (ССС) с эпизодом ВП у различных групп пациентов, страдающих от болезней системы кровообращения, а также имеющих различные коморбидные состояния, позволит усовершенствовать рекомендации по их медицинскому ведению. В обзорной статье рассмотрены современные представления о патогенезе ССЗ у пациентов с ВП и их частоте, коморбидной патологии у пациентов с ВП, возможности стратификации риска ССС, побочные реакции со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы на фоне проводимой антибактериальной терапии и стратегия их профилактики, пути профилактики ССС у данной категории пациентов.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common acute infectious disease requiring hospitalization and a common cause of death everywhere. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The majority of elderly patients hospitalized for CAP often have comorbid pathology. CAP as an acute infectious disease can directly cause or exacerbate cardiovascular complications, such as cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and strokes. Therefore, identifying the causes of the association of cardiovascular events (CVE) with an episode of CAP in various groups of patients suffering from CVD and having various comorbid conditions will improve recommendations for their medical management. This article reviews current ideas about the pathogenesis and frequency of CVE in patients with CAP,comorbid pathology in patients with CAP, opportunities of the risk stratification of CVE, possible side cardiovascular effects during antibiotic therapy of CAP and their prevention strategy, possible ways of preventing CVE in this category of patients.
RENDAHNYA MARKET SHARING LEASING SYARIAH
Authors: Rini Yulia Eka 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAKRata-rata pertumbuhan perbankan syariah lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata pertumbuhan perbankan konvensional, namun market share perbankan syariah masih rendah dibandingkan perbankan konvensional. Rendahnya market share ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor penyebab utama. Kajian ini menggunakan menggunakan metode kajian analisis kritis berdasarkan studi literatur, analisis UKG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth), dan analisis fishbone. Hasil analisis menunjukkan masalah utama perkembangan leasing syariah adalah lemahnya persepsi masyarakat terhadap produk perbankan dan untuk menyelesaikan masalah, dibuat.ABSTRACTAverage growth of Islamic banking is higher than the average growth of conventional banking, Islamic banking but the market share is still low compared to conventional banking . The low market share is due to several contributing factors. This study using the method of critical analysis study based on literature studies , analysis of UKG ( Urgency , Seriousness , Growth ) and fishbone analysis . The analysis showed the main problem is the weak development of sharia leasing the public perception of banking products and to resolve the issue , were made .