bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making BEASTies: dynamical formation of planetary systems around massive stars
Authors: Parker Richard J , Daffern-Powell Emma C 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Exoplanets display incredible diversity, from planetary system architectures around Sun-like stars that are very different from our Solar system, to planets orbiting post-main-sequence stars or stellar remnants. Recently, the B-star Exoplanet Abundance STudy (BEAST) reported the discovery of at least two super-Jovian planets orbiting massive stars in the Sco Cen OB association. Whilst such massive stars do have Keplerian discs, it is hard to envisage gas giant planets being able to form in such hostile environments. We use N-body simulations of star-forming regions to show that these systems can instead form from the capture of a free-floating planet or the direct theft of a planet from one star to another, more massive star. We find that this occurs on average once in the first 10 Myr of an association’s evolution, and that the semimajor axes of the hitherto confirmed BEAST planets (290 and 556 au) are more consistent with capture than theft. Our results lend further credence to the notion that planets on more distant (&gt;100 au) orbits may not be orbiting their parent star.
The High Mutational Sensitivity of ccdA Antitoxin Is Linked to Codon Optimality
Authors: Chandra Soumyanetra , Gupta Kritika , Khare Shruti , Kohli Pehu , Asok Aparna , Mohan Sonali Vishwa , Gowda Harsha , Varadarajan Raghavan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Deep mutational scanning studies suggest that synonymous mutations are typically silent and that most exposed, nonactive-site residues are tolerant to mutations. Here, we show that the ccdA antitoxin component of the Escherichia coli ccdAB toxin–antitoxin system is unusually sensitive to mutations when studied in the operonic context. A large fraction (∼80%) of single-codon mutations, including many synonymous mutations in the ccdA gene shows inactive phenotype, but they retain native-like binding affinity towards cognate toxin, CcdB. Therefore, the observed phenotypic effects are largely not due to alterations in protein structure/stability, consistent with a large region of CcdA being intrinsically disordered. E. coli codon preference and strength of ribosome-binding associated with translation of downstream ccdB gene are found to be major contributors of the observed ccdA mutant phenotypes. In select cases, proteomics studies reveal altered ratios of CcdA:CcdB protein levels in vivo, suggesting that the ccdA mutations likely alter relative translation efficiencies of the two genes in the operon. We extend these results by studying single-site synonymous mutations that lead to loss of function phenotypes in the relBE operon upon introduction of rarer codons. Thus, in their operonic context, genes are likely to be more sensitive to both synonymous and nonsynonymous point mutations than inferred previously.
Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers on cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I , Tziatzios Georgios , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Vaios Vasilios , Sgouropoulou Vasiliki , Tsalikakis Dimitrios G , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are recommended by guidelines as first-line antihypertensive therapies in the general population or in patients with earlier stages of kidney disease. However, the cardioprotective benefit of these agents among patients on dialysis remains uncertain.

Methods
We searched the MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases from inception through February 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of ACEIs/ARBs relative to placebo or no add-on treatment in patients receiving dialysis. RCTs were eligible if they assessed fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events as a primary efficacy endpoint.

Results
We identified five RCTs involving 1582 dialysis patients. Compared with placebo or no add-on treatment, the use of ACEIs/ARBs was not associated with a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events {risk ratio [RR] 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–1.11]}. Furthermore, there was no benefit in cardiovascular mortality [RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.59–1.14)] and all-cause mortality [RR 0.86 (95% CI 0.64–1.15)]. These results were consistent when the included RCTs were stratified by subgroups, including hypertension, ethnicity, sample size, duration of follow-up and quality.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis showed that among patients on dialysis, the use of ACEIs/ARBs is not associated with a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality as compared with placebo or no add-on treatment.
The emotional journey of neuro-oncology: Primary brain tumor patients share their experience during this life-threatening disease
Authors: Loughan Ashlee R , Reid Morgan , Willis Kelcie D , Barrett Sarah , Lo Karen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
To achieve patient-centric quality care in neuro-oncology, all aspects of the disease and its impact on quality survival need to be considered. This includes the psychological consequences of a brain tumor diagnosis and subsequent life-altering experiences. Far too often the voice of our patients is unheard. Empowering patients to advocate for their own psychological needs is essential.

Methods
Data were derived from four focus groups with adult patients with brain tumors (N = 15; Mage = 46 years, 53% female). A trained moderator led each 90-min group and posed semi-structured questions regarding patients’ care needs throughout their neuro-oncological disease trajectory. Emphasis was placed on the quality of life and distress reduction. Common themes were identified via thematic content analysis using NVivo software. A high inter-rater reliability (Mkappa = 0.92, range = 0.85–0.93) was achieved. Two themes are presented here: Emotional Response to Stressors and Existential Considerations.

Results
Of the two themes presented, 14 codes emerged. Codes were classified into three broad categories: Fear, Despair, and Resilience. The frequency of each category ranged from 31.4% to 34.7%. Example quotes and a discussion of each category follows.

Conclusions
It is imperative that we include the patient perspective in the development of neuro-oncology programs, thereby considering the quality of survival in addition to quantity. Neuro-oncology quality care must be driven by our patients' experiences and should integrate support for emotional distress while promoting resilience throughout this life-threatening illness.
Magma–Shale Interaction in Large Igneous Provinces: Implications for Climate Warming and Sulfide Genesis
Authors: Deegan Frances M , Bédard Jean H , Grasby Stephen E , Dewing Keith , Geiger Harri , Misiti Valeria , Capriolo Manfredo , Callegaro Sara , Svensen Henrik H , Yakymchuk Chris , Aradi László E , Freda Carmela , Troll Valentin R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) whose magma plumbing systems intersect sedimentary basins are linked to upheavals of Earth’s carbon and sulfur cycles and thus climate and life history. However, the underlying mechanistic links between these phenomena are elusive. We address this knowledge gap through short time-scale petrological experiments (1200°C and 150 MPa) that explore interaction between basaltic melt and carbonaceous shale (mudstone) using starting materials from the Canadian High Arctic LIP and the Sverdrup Basin in which it intrudes. Here we show that entrainment of shale xenoliths in basaltic melt causes shale to shatter due to incipient thermal stress and devolatilization, which accelerates assimilation by increasing reactive surface area. Shale assimilation therefore facilitates transfer of sediment-derived volatile elements to LIP magma plumbing systems, whereupon carbon dominates the vapor phase while sulfur is partitioned into sulfide melt droplets. This study reveals that although carbon and sulfur are efficiently mobilized as a consequence of shale assimilation, sulfides can sequester sulfur—an important climate cooling agent—thus enhancing net emissions of climate warming greenhouse gases by shale-intersecting LIPs.
The short-term effects of planktivorous fish foraging in the presence of artificial light at night on lake zooplankton
Authors: Tałanda Joanna , Maszczyk Piotr , Babkiewicz Ewa , Rutkowska Katarzyna , Ślusarczyk Mirosław 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that artificial light at night alters the natural patterns of light in space and time and may have various ecological impacts at different ecological levels. However, only a few studies have assessed its effect on interactions between organisms in aquatic environments, including predator–prey interactions in lakes. To fill this gap, we performed a preliminary enclosure experiment in which we compared the foraging effect of juvenile perch (Perca fluviatilis) on a natural lake zooplankton community in the absence and presence of light of high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps mimicking artificial light emitted by a boat. The results revealed that even short-lasting exposure to HPS lamps may result in increasing fish predation, which in turn decreased the mean body size in zooplankton populations (e.g. Bosmina thersites) and affected the relative proportion between different taxa in zooplankton communities.
The Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Integrated with Physical Therapy (MIND-PT) for Postsurgical Rehabilitation After Lumbar Surgery: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial as Part of the Back Pain Consortium (BACPAC) Research Program
Authors: Fritz Julie M , Rhon Daniel I , Garland Eric L , Hanley Adam W , Greenlee Tina , Fino Nora , Martin Brook , Highland Krista B , Greene Tom 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproving pain management for persons with chronic low back pain (LBP) undergoing surgery is an important consideration in improving patient-centered outcomes and reducing the risk of persistent opioid use after surgery. Nonpharmacological treatments, including physical therapy and mindfulness, are beneficial for nonsurgical LBP through complementary biopsychosocial mechanisms, but their integration and application for persons undergoing surgery for LBP have not been examined. This study (MIND-PT) is a multisite randomized trial that compares an enriched pain management (EPM) pathway that integrates physical therapy and mindfulness vs usual-care pain management (UC) for persons undergoing surgery for LBP.DesignParticipants from military treatment facilities will be enrolled before surgery and individually randomized to the EPM or UC pain management pathways. Participants assigned to EPM will receive presurgical biopsychosocial education and mindfulness instruction. After surgery, the EPM group will receive 10 sessions of physical therapy with integrated mindfulness techniques. Participants assigned to the UC group will receive usual pain management care after surgery. The primary outcome will be the pain impact, assessed with the Pain, Enjoyment, and General Activity (PEG) scale. Time to opioid discontinuation is the main secondary outcome.SummaryThis trial is part of the National Institutes of Health Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) initiative, which is focused on providing scientific solutions to the opioid crisis. The MIND-PT study will examine an innovative program combining nonpharmacological treatments designed to improve outcomes and reduce opioid overreliance in persons undergoing lumbar surgery.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in inflammatory arthritis patients: serial surveys from a large longitudinal national Australian cohort
Authors: McMaster Christopher , Liew David F L , Lester Susan , Rischin Adam , Black Rachel J , Chand Vibhasha , Fletcher Ashley , Lassere Marissa N , March Lyn , Robinson Philip C , Buchbinder Rachelle , Hill Catherine L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rates in inflammatory arthritis patients and identify factors associated with changing vaccine hesitancy over time.MethodsThis investigation was a prospective cohort study of inflammatory arthritis patients from community and public hospital outpatient rheumatology clinics enrolled in the Australian Rheumatology Association Database (ARAD). Two surveys were conducted, one immediately prior to (pre-pandemic) and another approximately 1 year after the start of the pandemic (follow-up). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy was measured at follow-up, and general vaccine hesitancy was inferred pre-pandemic; these were used to identify factors associated with fixed and changing vaccine beliefs, including sources of information and broader beliefs about medication.ResultsOf the 594 participants who completed both surveys, 74 (12%) were COVID-19 vaccine hesitant. This was associated with pre-pandemic beliefs about medications being harmful (P &lt; 0.001) and overused (P = 0.002), with stronger beliefs resulting in vaccine hesitancy persistent over two time points (P = 0.008, P = 0.005). For those not vaccine hesitant pre-pandemic, the development of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was associated with a lower likelihood of seeking out vaccine information from health-care professionals (P &lt; 0.001). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was not associated with new influenza vaccine hesitancy (P = 0.138).ConclusionIn this study of vaccine beliefs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in inflammatory arthritis patients varied, depending on vaccine attitudes immediately prior to the start of the pandemic. Fixed beliefs reflected broader views about medications, while fluid beliefs were highly influenced by whether they sought out information from health-care professionals, including rheumatologists.
Paranormal Beliefs, Vaccine Confidence, and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Corcoran Katie E , Scheitle Christopher P , DiGregorio Bernard D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conservative religious ideologies have been linked to vaccine hesitancy. Yet, little is known about how paranormal beliefs relate to vaccine confidence and uptake. We hypothesize that paranormal beliefs will be negatively related to both confidence and uptake due to their association with lower levels of trust in science and a greater acceptance of conspiratorial beliefs. We test this hypothesis using a new nationally representative sample of U.S. adults fielded in May and June of 2021 by NORC. Using regression models with a sample of 1,734, we find that paranormal beliefs are negatively associated with general vaccine confidence, COVID-19 vaccine confidence, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake. These associations are partially or fully attenuated net of trust in science and conspiratorial belief. Although not a focus of the study, we also find that Christian nationalism’s negative association with the outcomes is fully accounted for by measures of trust in science and conspiratorial beliefs.
The relative area of vessels in xylem correlates with stem embolism resistance within and between genera
Authors: Avila Rodrigo T , Kane Cade N , Batz Timothy A , Trabi Christophe , Damatta Fábio M , Jansen Steven , McAdam Scott A M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The resistance of xylem conduits to embolism is a major factor defining drought tolerance and can set the distributional limits of species across rainfall gradients. Recent work suggests that the proximity of vessels to neighbors increases the vulnerability of a conduit. We therefore investigated whether the relative vessel area of xylem correlates with intra- and inter-generic variation in xylem embolism resistance in species pairs or triplets from the genera Acer, Cinnamomum, Ilex, Quercus and Persea, adapted to environments differing in aridity. We used the optical vulnerability method to assess embolism resistance in stems and conducted anatomical measurements on the xylem in which embolism resistance was quantified. Vessel lumen fraction (VLF) correlated with xylem embolism resistance across and within genera. A low VLF likely increases the resistance to gas movement between conduits, by diffusion or advection, whereas a high VLF enhances gas transport thorough increased conduit-to-conduit connectivity and reduced distances between conduits and therefore the likelihood of embolism propagation. We suggest that the rate of gas movement due to local pressure differences and xylem network connectivity is a central driver of embolism propagation in angiosperm vessels.
Patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis during the COVID-19 pandemic in four endemic regions of Iran
Authors: Mazaherifar Samaneh , Solhjoo Kavous , Rasti Sima , Heidarnejadi Seyede Manizhe , Abdoli Amir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Both zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis are endemic in different regions of Iran. It is important to know the type of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) for prevention strategies. On the other hand, Iran is one of the countries that was severely affected by the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, little is known about the causative agents of CL during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

Methods
In this study, a total of 181 samples were isolated from patients with CL lesions in four different endemic cities of Iran (Jahrom, Juyom, Kashan and Shoushtar) during the COVID-19 pandemic (the summer and autumn of 2021). The nested-PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles was applied for species identification of the parasite and the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) gene was applied for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Molecular detection of kDNA minicircles revealed that all isolates from the four cities were Leishmania major, indicating the ZCL pattern. Ten isolates were sequenced by the ITS-1 gene and deposited in GenBank [accession numbers: OL627363–72]. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis displayed a high similarity rate of the isolates with sequences from other parts of Iran and Iraq. Over half of the patients (53.59%) had a single lesion, while 17.12, 14.92, 2.21 and 12.16% of cases had two, three, four and more than four lesions, respectively. About half of the patients (50.27%) had lesions on their hands, while the rest had lesions on multiple locations (19.34%), legs (16.58%), face (9.94%), ears (1.66%) and waist (2.21%).

Conclusions
This study revealed the occurrence of ZCL during the COVID-19 pandemic in four endemic regions of Iran. Strategies for prevention and control of the disease should be considered to mitigate the occurrence of ZCL.
Approach to the patient with a palpable breast mass
Authors: Jackson Toni , Carmichael Caroline , Lovett Katie , Scott Morgan , Shakya Sabrina , Sotak Megan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Breast mass is a common finding in patients presenting to primary care, women's health, or urgent care clinics. There are multiple etiologies that can cause a palpable breast mass both benign and malignant. PAs must know how to approach a patient with a palpable breast mass as well as what appropriate diagnostic evaluation is needed.
Improving hospital sepsis care using PAs and NPs on a rapid response team
Authors: Dooley Kristi , Guzik Whitney , Rooker Gabi , Beecher Luke , Hiniker Caitlin , Olson Andrew 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Sepsis carries a high mortality in the United States. Hospitals across the country are working to find new ways to recognize, treat, and streamline care for patients with sepsis. At an academic medical center in the Midwest, a quality improvement project was developed using a sepsis rapid response team with physician associates/assistants (PAs) and NPs. This improved hospital adherence to sepsis evaluation and order set use from 48% to 86%. The added evaluation of the patient by a PA or NP, along with ensuring adherence to the sepsis order set, made an effective first step to improve care of patients with sepsis in this hospital.
Medium-term and Long-term Follow-up Surgical Outcomes of the 1-stage Posterior-only Lumbosacral Hemivertebra Resection With Short-segment Fusion in Children
Authors: Gao Rongxuan , Zhang Xuejun , Guo Dong , Cao Jun , Yao Ziming , Bai Yunsong , Sun Baosheng 
Published: September 2022

Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the medium-term and long-term surgical outcomes of the 1-stage posterior-only lumbosacral hemivertebra resection with short-segment fusion in children.

Methods:
This retrospective chart review included 21 children with congenital scoliosis due to lumbosacral hemivertebra who received 1-stage posterior-only hemivertebra resection with short-segment fusion from 2012 to 2016 with at least 5 years of follow-up. Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the spine were compared preoperatively, postoperatively, and at last follow-up. Radiographic evaluation included measured changes in segmental scoliosis and lordosis, compensatory scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, trunk shift, and sagittal spinopelvic alignment.

Results:
There were 12 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 6.5±3.2 years. The mean follow-up period was 6.7±1.3 years. The mean fusion level was 2.7±0.9 segments. The mean segmental scoliosis was 29±6 degrees preoperatively, 9±3 degrees (correction rate of 71%) postoperatively (P<0.05), and 7±3 degrees (correction rate of 76%) at the latest follow-up. The compensatory curve of 26±12 degrees was spontaneously corrected to 14±8 degrees (correction rate of 47%) at last follow-up (P<0.05). Trunk shift was significantly improved on both coronal (53%) and sagittal (56%) planes after surgery (P

0.05) and stable at follow-up. The sagittal spinopelvic alignment was balanced in all cases. There were no neurological or infectious complications.

Conclusions:
It is safe and effective to perform 1-stage posterior-only lumbosacral hemivertebra resection with short-segment fusion, which can significantly correct the segmental scoliosis, prevent the compensatory curve progress and improve the trunk shift. This strategy also can save motion segments and avoid long lumbar fusion. Medium-term and long-term follow-up outcomes are satisfactory.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.