bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home gardening in sub‐Saharan Africa: A scoping review on practices and nutrition outcomes in rural Burkina Faso and Kenya
Authors: Hansen Lea‐Sophie , Sorgho Raissa , Mank Isabel , Nayna Schwerdtle Patricia , Agure Erick , Bärnighausen Till , Danquah Ina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHome gardening is promoted as an adaptation strategy to ameliorate the increasing food insecurity from climate change impacts among subsistence farming families in rural sub‐Saharan Africa. Yet, the geographic distribution of home gardens, their setup, management, and the effects on nutrition outcomes have not been fully described. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize recent evidence on home gardening for two exemplar countries: Burkina Faso and Kenya. Between June and August 2020, we searched, screened, and extracted evidence about home garden projects in both countries, following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Peer‐reviewed scientific publications, and gray literature in English and French that reported about subsistence horticulture in rural settings of Burkina Faso or Kenya were included. The characteristics of the documents and the data pertaining to our research objectives were extracted into predefined spreadsheets. The data were synthesized in the form of a narrative review. Our search yielded 949 documents, of which 20 documents were included in the synthesis (Burkina Faso: 8, Kenya: 12). While the gardens varied in composition and size, the majority provided green leafy vegetables and indigenous horticultural crops. The challenges for successful home garden implementation comprised unfavorable climatic conditions, access to and affordability of inputs, water and land, and lack of know‐how. We identified trends for improved food security, diet quality, and nutritional status among the target populations. This scoping review found that there is limited evidence on home garden practices in rural Burkina Faso and Kenya. To enhance the sustainability of home gardens, research and resources should be invested in codesigning context‐specific home gardening projects. Pending rigorous impact evaluation, home gardens appear to be a promising tool for climate change adaptation while simultaneously improving food security and the nutritional situation among women and young children in these two exemplar countries of sub‐Saharan Africa.
Primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma is characterized by large‐scale copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity
Authors: Tuveri Stefania , Debackere Koen , Marcelis Lukas , Dierckxsens Nicolas , Demeulemeester Jonas , Dimitriadou Eftychia , Dierickx Daan , Lefesvre Pierre , Deraedt Karen , Graux Carlos , Michaux Lucienne , Cools Jan , Tousseyn Thomas , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Wlodarska Iwona 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopment of primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBL) is driven by cumulative genomic aberrations. We discovered a unique copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN‐LOH) landscape of PMBL which distinguishes this tumor from other B‐cell malignancies, including the biologically related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Using single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis we identified large‐scale CN‐LOH lesions in 91% (30/33) of diagnostic PMBLs and both investigated PMBL‐derived cell lines. Altogether, the cohort showed 157 extra‐large (25.3–248.4 Mb) CN‐LOH lesions affecting up to 14 chromosomes per case (mean of 4.4) and resulting in a reduction of heterozygosity an average of 9.9% (range 1.3–51%) of the genome. Predominant involvement of terminal chromosomal segments suggests the implication of B‐cell specific crossover events in the pathogenesis of PMBL. Notably, CN‐LOH stretches non‐randomly clustered on 6p (60%), 15 (37.2%), and 17q (40%), and frequently co‐occurred with homozygous mutations in the MHC I (6p21), B2M (15q15), and GNA13 (17q23) genes, respectively, as shown by preliminary whole‐exome/genome sequencing data. Altogether, our findings implicate CN‐LOH as a novel and distinct mutational process contributing to the molecular pathogenesis of PMBL. The aberration acting as “second hit” in the Knudson hypothesis, ranks as the major mechanism converting to homozygosity the PMBL‐related driver genes. Screening of the cohort of 199 B cell leukemia/lymphoma whole‐genomes revealed significant differences in the CN‐LOH landscape of PMBL and other B‐cell malignancies, including the biologically related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.
Decoding point‐light displays and fully visible hand grasping actions within the action observation network
Authors: Ziccarelli Settimio , Errante Antonino , Fogassi Leonardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAction observation typically recruits visual areas and dorsal and ventral sectors of the parietal and premotor cortex. This network has been collectively termed as extended action observation network (eAON). Within this network, the elaboration of kinematic aspects of biological motion is crucial. Previous studies investigated these aspects by presenting subjects with point‐light displays (PLDs) videos of whole‐body movements, showing the recruitment of some of the eAON areas. However, studies focused on cortical activation during observation of PLDs grasping actions are lacking. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we assessed the activation of eAON in healthy participants during the observation of both PLDs and fully visible hand grasping actions, excluding confounding effects due to low‐level visual features, motion, and context. Results showed that the observation of PLDs grasping stimuli elicited a bilateral activation of the eAON. Region of interest analyses performed on visual and sensorimotor areas showed no significant differences in signal intensity between PLDs and fully visible experimental conditions, indicating that both conditions evoked a similar motor resonance mechanism. Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) revealed significant decoding of PLDs and fully visible grasping observation conditions in occipital, parietal, and premotor areas belonging to eAON. Data show that kinematic features conveyed by PLDs stimuli are sufficient to elicit a complete action representation, suggesting that these features can be disentangled within the eAON from the features usually characterizing fully visible actions. PLDs stimuli could be useful in assessing which areas are recruited, when only kinematic cues are available, for action recognition, imitation, and motor learning.
Serum soluble CD23 levels are an independent predictor of time to first treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Piñeyroa Juan A. , Magnano Laura , Rivero Andrea , Rivas‐Delgado Alfredo , Nadeu Ferran , Correa Juan Gonzalo , Giné Eva , Villamor Neus , Filella Xavier , Colomer Dolors , López Mònica , López‐Oreja Irene , Costa Dolors , Aymerich Marta , Beà Sílvia , López‐Guillermo Armando , Campo Elías , Delgado Julio , Mozas Pablo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSerum soluble CD23 (sCD23) levels have been acknowledged as a prognostic factor in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but their potential relevance has not been analyzed in recent times. We retrospectively studied 338 CLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma, or CLL‐type monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis patients from a single institution, with available sCD23 levels at diagnosis. Baseline features and outcomes were compared between patients with sCD23 ≤/>1000 UI/L. The 140 patients (41%) who had sCD23 > 1000 UI/L showed adverse‐risk clinical and biological characteristics. High sCD23 levels were predictive of a shorter time to first treatment (5‐year probability of requiring treatment: 60 vs. 20%, p < 0.0001; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.72, p = 0.003 in a multivariable model also including the CLL International Prognostic Index and the absolute lymphocyte count), and a poorer 5‐year overall survival (70 vs. 82%, p = 0.0009). These data suggest the potential of sCD23 to predict treatment‐free survival and to shed light on mechanisms of activity and resistance to CD23‐directed therapies.
Magnetohydrodynamic unsteady natural convective flow in a porous medium over a moving infinite cylinder
Authors: Paul Ashish 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effect of the magnetic field on the unsteady natural convective one‐dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible viscous and slightly electrically conducting fluid over a vertical cylinder is investigated analytically. The cylinder is assumed to be embedded in a porous medium, and it moves with a uniform velocity along the vertically upward direction. The boundary layer flow equations are converted to a non‐dimensional form using appropriate non‐dimensional parameters, and the closed‐form solutions are obtained using the Laplace transform method. Fluid velocity depends on radial distance, time, magnetic parameter, Grashof number, permeability parameter, and Prandtl number. Graphical and tabulated results of the fluid velocity profile and shear stress based on the analytical solutions are presented and discussed. The analytical solution reveals that the unsteady fluid velocity tends to a steady state at a large time. The present study demonstrates that increased porosity leads to enhancement in the fluid velocity, whereas the transverse magnetic field resists the fluid velocity. Furthermore, the absolute value of shear stress decreases with a decrease in porosity of the medium or an increase in magnetic field effect.
Introduction to the special series, “The future of marine environmental monitoring and assessment”
Authors: Erichsen Anders C. , Middelboe Anne L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traditional marine monitoring can be a resource-intensive process that often covers a network of sampling stations where data are collected manually by divers, or discretely using in situ water samples at different depths at fixed positions followed by laboratory analysis. As such, environmental status is often reported after a delay of months or years. However, things are set to change for the better. Recent advances in technologies, such as remote sensing, machine learning techniques, modeling for non-experts, acoustic monitoring, and intelligent integration of modeling and sensor measurements will revolutionize the future of marine environmental monitoring and monitoring systems. This special series touches upon some of the new technologies and models that may be an integrated part of ecosystem assessment and management in the future. Although technologies are being developed and integrated for marine monitoring around the world, the integration with ecosystem models is still in the early days. Still, this series highlights inspirational examples of the time ahead of us. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:888–891. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
KEY POINTS
Papers in the special series show advances in various technologies.
Oral health in America 2021: Making a case for curricular change
Authors: Niessen Linda C. , Fontana Margherita , Weyant Robert J. , Casamassimo Paul S. , Feine Jocelyne , Karimbux Nadeem 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe NIH Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges report is the most recent evidence‐based review of the status of oral health in North America since Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General, which was published in 2000. This article aims to synthesize and discuss information from the report pertinent to improving dental education to positively impact oral health. Calls for action and suggestions for implementation are presented.MethodsThe authors reviewed each section from the report and identified key messages relevant to dental education. These were then combined into a framework based on the NIH report's three main “call to action” items. A matrix for calls to action and implementation recommendations was developed using the findings from the 2021 NIH report and a previous 2018 report on Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century.ConclusionThe information discussed in the report related to dental education has the potential to improve oral health, and educators, schools, professional organizations, state, and federal agencies are called to develop and/or implement action plans focused on curriculum, competencies, workshops, guidelines, and policies based on the summary framework presented in this study.
Genetic characterization of potential venom resistance proteins in California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) using transcriptome analyses
Authors: Ochoa Alexander , Hassinger Alyssa T. B. , Holding Matthew L. , Gibbs H. Lisle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular basis of adaptations in coevolving species requires identifying the genes that underlie reciprocally selected phenotypes, such as those involved in venom in snakes and resistance to the venom in their prey. In this regard, California ground squirrels (CGS; Otospermophilus beecheyi) are eaten by northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus), but individual squirrels may still show substantial resistance to venom and survive bites. A recent study using proteomics identified venom interactive proteins (VIPs) in the blood serum of CGS. These VIPs represent possible resistance proteins, but the sequences of genes encoding them are unknown despite the value of such data to molecular studies of coevolution. To address this issue, we analyzed a de novo assembled transcriptome from CGS liver tissue—where many plasma proteins are synthesized—and other tissues from this species. We then examined VIP sequences in terms of three characteristics that identify them as possible resistance proteins: evidence for positive selection, high liver expression, and nonsynonymous variation across CGS populations. Based on these characteristics, we identified five VIPs (i.e., α‐2‐macroglobulin, α‐1‐antitrypsin‐like protein GS55‐LT, apolipoprotein A‐II, hibernation‐associated plasma protein HP‐20, and hibernation‐associated plasma protein HP‐27) as the most likely candidates for resistance proteins among VIPs identified to date. Four of these proteins have been previously implicated in conferring resistance to the venom in mammals, validating our approach. When combined with the detailed information available for rattlesnake venom proteins, these results set the stage for future work focused on understanding coevolutionary interactions at the molecular level between these species.
A Multimodal Approach to Quantify Chondrocyte Viability for Airway Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chan Coreena , Liu Lumei , Dharmadhikari Sayali , Shontz Kimberly M. , Tan Zheng Hong , Bergman Maxwell , Shaffer Terri , Tram Nguyen K. , Breuer Christopher K. , Stacy Mitchel R. , Chiang Tendy 
Published: May 2022

Objectives/HypothesisPartially decellularized tracheal scaffolds have emerged as a potential solution for long‐segment tracheal defects. These grafts have exhibited regenerative capacity and the preservation of native mechanical properties resulting from the elimination of all highly immunogenic cell types while sparing weakly immunogenic cartilage. With partial decellularization, new considerations must be made about the viability of preserved chondrocytes. In this study, we propose a multimodal approach for quantifying chondrocyte viability for airway tissue engineering.MethodsTracheal segments (5 mm) were harvested fromC57BL/6 mice, and immediately stored in phosphate‐buffered saline at −20°C (PBS‐20) or biobanked via cryopreservation. Stored and control (fresh) tracheal grafts were implanted as syngeneic tracheal grafts (STG) for 3 months.STGwas scanned with micro‐computed tomography (μCT) in vivo.STGsubjected to different conditions (fresh,PBS‐20, or biobanked) were characterized with live/dead assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasedUTPnick end labeling (TUNEL), and von Kossa staining.ResultsLive/dead assay detected higher chondrocyte viability in biobanked conditions compared to PBS‐20. TUNEL staining indicated that storage conditions did not alter the proportion of apoptotic cells. Biobanking exhibited a lower calcification area than PBS‐20 in 3‐month post‐implanted grafts. Higher radiographic density (Hounsfield units) measured by μCT correlated with more calcification within the tracheal cartilage.ConclusionsWe propose a strategy to assess chondrocyte viability that integrates with vivo imaging and histologic techniques, leveraging their respective strengths and weaknesses. These techniques will support the rational design of partially decellularized tracheal scaffolds.Level of EvidenceN/ALaryngoscope, 133:512–520, 2023
Long‐term results and safety of fibroblast growth factor injection for unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Yamauchi Tomohiko , Kanazawa Takeharu , Hasegawa Tomohiro , Kurakami Kazuya , Konomi Ujimoto , Hirosaki Mayu , Komazawa Daigo , Nozawa Miki , Takahashi Satoka , Watanabe Yusuke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTreatments for unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) include conservative voice rehabilitation, vocal fold injection, and laryngeal framework surgery. We proposed basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) injection as a potential novel treatment for UVFP and have reported the short‐term results. In this study, we present the long‐term results and safety of vocal fold bFGF injection as a treatment for UVFP.MethodsThis retrospective study included 42 patients (25 males and 17 females) with UVFP who were administered a local injection of bFGF. The injection regimen involved injecting FGF (0.5 μg/ml in 0.5 ml per side) into the bilateral vocal folds using a 23‐gauge injection needle. Phonological outcomes were evaluated 6 months and 12 months after the injection.ResultsOverall, 26 patients received a single injection of bFGF, six patients received an additional injection, and 10 patients received the additional framework surgery. Maximum phonation time, mean flow rate, pitch range, jitter and shimmer percentages, the total GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) score, and voice handicap index scores improved significantly in the long term. In patients who received the additional injection or framework surgery, the effects of bFGF injection were temporary, but did not interfere with the performance of the framework surgery.ConclusionIn total, 42 patients who underwent vocal fold bFGF injections were reviewed. The bFGF injections were effective and safe in the long‐term results for UVFP in the selected cases. Some patients with severe symptoms benefited from the additional framework surgery but not the additional bFGF injection.
Maternal Diet Is Associated with Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profile
Authors: Selma‐Royo Marta , González Sonia , Gueimonde Miguel , Chang Melinda , Fürst Annalee , Martínez‐Costa Cecilia , Bode Lars , Collado Maria Carmen 
Published: May 2022

ScopeHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex glycans that are abundant in human milk. The potential impact of a maternal diet on individual HMOs and the association with secretor status is unknown. Thus, this study is aimed to examine the association between maternal diet and HMO profiles.Methods and resultsThis is a cross‐sectional study of the MAMI cohort with 101 human milk samples from healthy mothers. HMO profiling is assessed by quantitative HPLC. Maternal dietary information is recorded through an FFQ, and perinatal factors including the mode of delivery, antibiotic exposure, and breastfeeding practices, are collected. A more significant effect of diet on HMO profiles is observed in secretor mothers than in non‐secretor mothers. (Poly)phenols and fibers, both soluble and insoluble, and several insoluble polysaccharides, pectin, and MUFA are associated with the secretor HMO profiles.ConclusionsMaternal diet is associated with the composition and diversity of HMO in a secretor status‐dependent manner. The relationship between maternal diet and bioactive compounds, including HMOs, which are present in human milk, needs further research due its potential impact on infant development and health outcomes.
Technical note: Evaluation of methods for reducing edge current density under electrode arrays for tumor‐treating fields therapy
Authors: Sung Heehun , Jo Yunhui , Oh Geon , Gi Yongha , Kim Hyunwoo , Park Sangmin , Seo Jaehyeon , Yoon Myonggeun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTumor‐treating fields (TTFields) therapy is increasingly utilized clinically because of its demonstrated efficacy in cancer treatment. However, the risk of skin burns must still be reduced to improve patient safety and posttreatment quality of life.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the methods of constructing electrode arrays that reduce current density exceeding threshold values, which can cause skin burns during TTFields therapy.MethodsElectrode and body models were generated using COMSOL software. The body model had the dielectric properties of the scalp. The average current density beneath the central region of the electrode was maintained at ∼31 mA/cm2 RMS. The deviations in current density at the edges of the electrode were reduced by three methods: adjustment of the ceramic thickness ratio of the center to the edge from 1/5 to 4/5, adjustment of the radius of the metal plate from 5.0 to 8.0 mm, and insertion of an insulator of width 0.5 to 2 mm at the edge.ResultsWhile using a single circular electrode, adjustment of the ceramic thickness ratio, adjustment of the metal plate radius, and insertion of an insulator near the edge reduced the deviations of current density by 14.6%, 67.7%, and 75.3%, respectively. Similarly, while using circular electrode arrays, inserting an insulator at the edge of each electrode reduced the deviations of current density significantly, from 8.62 to 2.40 mA/cm2.ConclusionsInsertion of an insulator at the edge of each electrode was found to be the most effective method of attaining uniform current density distribution beneath the electrode, thereby lowering the risk of adverse effects of TTFields therapy.
The H92R substitution in PSST is a reliable diagnostic biomarker for predicting resistance to mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors of complex I in European populations of Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Xue Wenxin , Lu Xueping , Mavridis Konstantinos , Vontas John , Jonckheere Wim , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDMitochondrial Electron Transport Inhibitors of complex I (METI‐I), such as tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate, are acaricides that have been used extensively to control Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) for more than 20 years. Because of the ability of this spider mite to rapidly develop acaricide resistance, field (cross‐) resistance monitoring and elucidation of resistance mechanisms are extremely important for resistance management (RM). In the present study, 42 European T. urticae field populations were screened for tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate resistance, and the correlation between resistance and the H92R substitution in PSST was investigated.RESULTSAccording to the calculated lethal concentration values that kill 90% of the population (LC90), tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate would fail to control many of the collected populations at recommended field rates. Six populations exhibited high to very high resistance levels (200‐ to over 1950‐fold) to both METI‐Is. Analysis based on the LC50 values displayed a clear correlation between tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate resistance, further supporting cross‐resistance, which is of great operational importance in acaricide RM. The previously uncovered METI‐I target‐site mutation H92R in the PSST homologue of complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) was found with high allele frequencies in populations resistant to tebufenpyrad and fenpyroximate. Synergist assays showed this mutation is not the only factor involved in METI‐I resistance and additive or synergistic effects of multiple mechanisms most likely determine the phenotypic strength.CONCLUSIONSThe predictive value of resistance by H92R is very high in European populations and offers great potential to be used as a molecular diagnostic marker for METI‐I resistance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.