bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐light‐switchable azobenzenes: Molecular design, supramolecular systems, and applications
Authors: Gao Minghao , Kwaria Dennis , Norikane Yasuo , Yue Youfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhotocontrol of functional molecules and supramolecular systems provides promising directions for the development of innovative materials and technologies. Reversible photoswitches that can isomerize among different states play a vital role in such photoresponsive systems. However, the commonly used UV light for triggering the isomerization of photoswitches such as azobenzene (AB) has limited their applications in functional material systems because UV light penetrates poorly and causes damage to materials or biological tissues. Accordingly, tremendous endeavors have been devoted to the development of visible‐light‐switchable molecules and expand their new applications in various fields. Herein, we highlight the strategies of molecule design for visible‐light‐switchable ABs by discussing the effects of benzene substituents on the absorption spectrum. Based on this, visible‐light‐responsive supramolecular systems with metal–organic frames, cyclodextrins, nanoparticles, and biomolecules (DNAs, peptides, and proteins) are elaborated. Then, the light‐responsive mechanical properties and their emerging applications in actuators, biological systems, information storage, energy storage, nonlinear optical devices, and photoswitchable adhesives are discussed. Finally, a summary of the challenges and perspective on visible‐light‐switchable ABs are outlined.Key points
Structural design strategies for visible‐light‐responsive azobenzenes
Visible‐light‐responsive supramolecular azobenzene systems in different research areas ranging from chemistry to biology
Their light‐responsive mechanical properties and emerging applications
Low‐friction coatings on medical needles through atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐polymerization technology
Authors: Muro‐Fraguas Ignacio , Sainz‐García Ana , Múgica‐Vidal Rodolfo , Sainz‐García Elisa , González‐Marcos Ana , Alba‐Elías Fernando 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe global needle market is growing due to an increase in the geriatric population, chronic diseases, and the high demand for vaccines. High insertion forces cause unpleasant effects on patients, needle deformation, and tissue displacement, affecting the accuracy of the methods. To reduce insertion forces, atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐polymerized coatings were deposited on spinal needles. The influence of liquid precursor, plasma power, precursor gas flow, and treatment time has been analyzed. To avoid plasma‐polymerized coatings detached after the injection test, it is necessary to apply a precursor that not only has antifriction molecules (siloxane) but also has particles that promote the durability of the coatings (amines). N1‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (TRIAP) was the most effective, reducing insertion–extraction forces regarding noncoated spinal needles, by 75% and 50%, respectively.
Impact of the bladder detrusor muscular ring on lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A quantitative MRI analysis
Authors: Nandalur Kiran R. , Walker David , Ye Hong , Al‐Katib Sayf , Seifman Brian , Gangwish David , Dhaliwal Abhay , Connor Ervin , Dobies Kayla , Sesoko Channing , Dejoie Wesley , Zwaans Bernadette , Nandalur Sirisha , Nguyen Jennifer , Hafron Jason 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) remains uncertain.ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to quantitatively analyze anatomic characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess novel independent factors for symptoms.MethodsThis retrospective single‐institution study evaluated treatment‐naïve men who underwent prostate MRI within 3 months of international prostate symptom score (IPSS) scoring from June 2021 to February 2022. Factors measured on MRI included: size of the detrusor muscular ring (DMR) surrounding the bladder outlet, central gland (CG) mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), levator hiatus (LH) volume, intrapelvic volume, intravesicular prostate protrusion (IPP) volume, CG volume, peripheral zone (PZ) volume, prostate urethra angle (PUA), and PZ background ordinal score. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to analyze factors for moderate/severe (IPSS ≥ 8) and severe LUTS/BPH (IPSS ≥ 20).ResultsA total of 303 men (mean age: 66.1 [SD: 8.1]) were included: 154 demonstrated moderate or severe symptoms with 28 severe and 149 with asymptomatic/mild symptoms. Increasing age [p = 0.02; odds ratio (OR): 1.05 (1.01–1.08)], PUA [p = 0.02; OR: 1.05 (1.01–1.09)], LH volume [p = 0.04; OR: 1.02 (1.00–1.05)], and DMR size measured as diameter [p < 0.001; OR: 5.0 (3.01–8.38)] or area [p < 0.001; OR: 1.92 (1.47–2.49)] were significantly independently associated with moderate/severe symptoms, with BMI [p = 0.02; OR: 0.93 (0.88–0.99)] inversely related. For every one cm increase in DMR diameter, patients had approximately five times the odds for moderate/severe symptoms. Increasing DMR size [diameter p < 0.001; OR: 2.74 (1.76–4.27) or area p < 0.001; OR: 1.37 (1.18–1.58)] was independently associated with severe symptoms. Optimal criterion cutoff of DMR diameter for moderate/severe symptoms was 1.2 cm [sensitivity: 77.3; specificity: 71.8; AUC: 0.80 (0.75–0.84)]. Inter‐reader reliability was excellent for DMR diameter [ICC = 0.92 (0.90–0.94)].ConclusionExpansion of the DMR surrounding the bladder outlet is a novel anatomic factor independently associated with moderate and severe LUTS/BPH, taking into account prostate volumes, including quantified IPP volume, which were unrelated. Detrusor ring diameter, easily and reliably measured on routine prostate MRI, may relate to detrusor dysfunction from chronic stretching of this histologically distinct smooth muscle around the bladder neck.
Migration for co‐residence among long‐distance couples: The role of local family ties and gender
Authors: van der Wiel Roselinde , Gillespie Brian Joseph , Tølbøll Lene 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen long‐distance couples start living together, the decision about where to co‐reside has important repercussions, as long‐distance moves often lead to the loss of local ties. Drawing on Danish population register data on long‐distance opposite‐sex couples and cross‐classified multi‐level statistical analyses, we explore each partner's share in the total distance moved at the start of their co‐residence. We examine the influence of local ties to family and gender asymmetries. Our findings indicate that women tend to bridge the larger share of the distance when moving into co‐residence. Living close to non‐resident children, parents or siblings and having resident children lower one's share in the total distance moved. Men's local ties to non‐resident family have more influence than women's, while women's resident children seem to exert more influence. Our results suggest that traditional gender patterns shape couples' decision‐making about where to live together and who migrates the greater share of the distance.
Role of cloud microphysics and energetics in regulating different phases of the monsoon low‐pressure systems over the Indian region
Authors: Hazra Vivekananda , Pattnaik Sandeep 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMonsoon low‐pressure systems (LPS) are the major contributor to these heavy rainfall events and pose a significant challenge to operational forecasting agencies in terms of prediction accuracy with adequate lead time, particularly at a district scale. The present study investigates the role of microphysical parameterizations associated with these LPS during the intensification phases, that is, depressions (MD) and deep depressions (DD), using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A total of 130 simulations are carried out (12 MD and 14 DD) using five cloud microphysical parameterizations, that is, WSM6, WDM6, Thompson, Milbrandt, and Aerosol Aware Thompson, up to 96 hr. The study aims to interlink rainfall vulnerability and LPS intensity both at the district scale for the state of Odisha (India). Results suggest that Mayurbhanj is the most vulnerable district in terms of rainfall. The WDM6 has the best skills in terms of rainfall. The analysis of storm energetics is carried out to provide a possible clue about the mechanism facilitating the intensification of specific LPS to DD. Results suggest that DDs are more thermodynamically efficient than MDs to convert the latent energy to kinetic energy, facilitating its intensification process through higher kinetic energy generation and moisture consumption. Further, it is found that deep vertical updraft with the strong inward flow in the lower troposphere supported by intense tangential wind within the 300 km radial periphery is distinct in DD compared to MD. The findings of the study will have direct implications on localized forecast, policy planning, disaster preparedness, mitigation, and adaptation.
Insight into the role of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Alkafaas Samar Sami , Abdallah Abanoub Mosaad , Ghosh Soumya , Loutfy Samah A. , Elkafas Sara Samy , Abdel Fattah Nasra F. , Hessien Mohamed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular basis of the virus–host cell interaction is essential for developing variant‐independent therapeutic options. The internalization of SARS‐CoV‐2, into lung epithelial cells, is mediated by endocytosis, especially clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). Although vaccination is the gold standard strategy against viral infection, selective inhibition of endocytic proteins, complexes, and associated adaptor proteins may present a variant‐independent therapeutic strategy. Although clathrin and/or dynamins are the most important proteins involved in CME, other endocytic mechanisms are clathrin and/or dynamin independent and rely on other proteins. Moreover, endocytosis implicates some subcellular structures, like plasma membrane, actin and lysosomes. Also, physiological conditions, such as pH and ion concentrations, represent an additional factor that mediates these events. Accordingly, endocytosis related proteins are potential targets for small molecules that inhibit endocytosis‐mediated viral entry. This review summarizes the potential of using small molecules, targeting key proteins, participating in clathrin‐dependent and ‐independent endocytosis, as variant‐independent antiviral drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The review takes two approaches. The first outlines the potential role of endocytic inhibitors in preventing endocytosis‐mediated viral entry and its mechanism of action, whereas in the second computational analysis was implemented to investigate the selectivity of common inhibitors against endocytic proteins in SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis. The analysis revealed that remdesivir, methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, rottlerin, and Bis‐T can effectively inhibit clathrin, HMG‐CoA reductase, actin, and dynamin I GTPase and are more potent in inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2 than chloroquine. CME inhibitors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remain understudied.
Feedback control of actuation‐constrained moving structure carrying Timoshenko beam
Authors: Homaeinezhad Mohammad Reza , Abbasi Gavari Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article deals with tracking control and active vibration suppression of a hybrid rigid‐elastic vibrational mobile system with a nonlinear elastic foundation in the presence of actuator bandwidth limitation and control input saturation. The system consists of a rigid rectilinearly mobile frame on an elastic foundation, and a flexible Timoshenko beam clamped to it with a heavy attached concentrated mass. The hybrid partial differential equation (PDE)‐ordinary differential equation (ODE) system of the plant is obtained using Hamilton's principle and then is converted to a system of ODEs using the assumed mode method (AMM). Next, the model will be discretized in the time domain using the two‐step Adams‐Bashforth technique. Considering the first‐order dynamics to cover the bandwidth limitation of the actuator, a discrete‐time sliding mode controller (DSMC) is designed based on a positive definite Lyapunov functional. Following that, an innovative optimal predictive algorithm is proposed to compensate for the effects of input saturation. The proposed algorithm is based on a positive definite cost function and using an intelligent regime of optimizations and decisions, minimizes the cost function in a predefined prediction horizon. The vibratory behavior of the system also is included in the mentioned cost function. Consequently, the overall control scheme called optimal rigid‐elastic interaction control (OREIC) will be able to follow the desired tracking trajectory, suppress the beam vibrations, and compensate for the effect of bandwidth limitation as well as the effect of input saturation. The performance of the OREIC algorithm is compared with a saturated DSMC controller and the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the method in vibration control of mobile rigid‐elastic systems subjected to actuator bandwidth frequency and saturation limitations.
Protein cargo encapsulation by virus‐like particles: Strategies and applications
Authors: McNeale Donna , Dashti Noor , Cheah Li Chen , Sainsbury Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractViruses and the recombinant protein cages assembled from their structural proteins, known as virus‐like particles (VLPs), have gained wide interest as tools in biotechnology and nanotechnology. Detailed structural information and their amenability to genetic and chemical modification make them attractive systems for further engineering. This review describes the range of non‐enveloped viruses that have been co‐opted for heterologous protein cargo encapsulation and the strategies that have been developed to drive encapsulation. Spherical capsids of a range of sizes have been used as platforms for protein cargo encapsulation. Various approaches, based on native and non‐native interactions between the cargo proteins and inner surface of VLP capsids, have been devised to drive encapsulation. Here, we outline the evolution of these approaches, discussing their benefits and limitations. Like the viruses from which they are derived, VLPs are of interest in both biomedical and materials applications. The encapsulation of protein cargo inside VLPs leads to numerous uses in both fundamental and applied biocatalysis and biomedicine, some of which are discussed herein. The applied science of protein‐encapsulating VLPs is emerging as a research field with great potential. Developments in loading control, higher order assembly, and capsid optimization are poised to realize this potential in the near future.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Intelligent computing paradigm for the Buongiorno model of nanofluid flow with partial slip and MHD effects over a rotating disk
Authors: Akbar Ajed , Ullah Hakeem , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Shoaib Muhammad , Islam Saeed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the Buongiorno model for the MHD nano‐fluid flow through a rotating disk under the influence of partial slip effects using the Levenberg Marquardt back‐propagation neural networks scheme (LMB‐NNS). The basic system of nonlinear PDEs used to describe the Buongiorno model of MHD nanofluid flow over rotating disk (BM‐MHD‐NRD) model is converted into an analogous nonlinear ODEs system utilizing similarity transformations. A data set for the recommended LMB‐NNS is spawned using the Explicit Runge‐Kutta numerical method for a variety of BM‐MHD‐NRD scenarios by varying the magnetic field number (M), velocity slip parameter (γ), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), thermal slip parameter (α) and Schmidt number (Sc). The estimate solution of separate cases has been examined using the LMB‐NNS testing, validation, and training method, and the suggested model has been matched for verification. The MSE, regression analysis, and histogram studies have been used to authenticate the recommended LMB‐NNS. The LMB‐NNS technique has various applications such as disease diagnosis, Robotic control systems, Ecosystem evaluation etc. Analysis of some statistical date like gradient, performance and epoch of the model. With a level of accuracy ranging from 10−09 to 10−12, the suggested approach is differentiated as the closest of the suggested and reference results.
Analytical evaluation of magnetized nanofluid flow in a stagnation point with chemical reaction and nonlinear radiation effect configured by an extended surface
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Zeeshan  , Islam Saeed , Abbas Tariq , Yassen Mansour F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOn the account of technological development and engineering applications, the enhancement of thermal energy by introducing nanoparticles is a crucial task in the present era. This present work is to investigate the physical characteristics of a chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer effects on hydrodynamic stagnation point flow of Watlers‐B nanoliquid configured by a stretching surface. The effect of fluid viscosity, electrical and thermal conductivity is assumed as temperature function. In addition, the impression of thermal conductivity, Brownian and thermophoretic diffusion are incorporated in the revised model. A theoretical framework is employed to simulate the arisen nonlinear (PDEs). With the assistance of transformations techniques, the contemporary (PDEs) are then diminished to nonlinear system of (ODEs). For nonlinear computations, the resulting equations are programmed in the Mathematica 11.0 programing platform. The impression of the model parameters on diverse flow fields is visualized through plotted graphs. Stability and convergence analysis is established for the authentication of the proposed model. Researchers are encouraged to conduct trials to authenticate the innovative consequences provided in this study, which could be obliging in the improved design of mechanical systems comprising the nanofluids that enables heat and mass transfer mechanism.
Following the muon track of hierarchical sectors at LHCb
Authors: Vidal Xabier Cid , Mombächer Titus , Ramos Maria , Fernández Emilio Xosé Rodríguez 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a study of the experimental signatures of hierarchical sectors beyond the Standard Model characterized by a flavour-violating heavy vector and a set of light pseudo-Goldstone bosons a1,2, spanning a large range of lifetimes. The non-minimal scalar spectrum triggers novel B decays into multiple leptons that would have escaped the reach of current searches. Novel displaced vertex analyses at LHCb are therefore discussed to probe the hierarchical new physics, extending the scope of the tracking system of the detector. Additionally, the reach of the proposed CODEX-b experiment is studied. By exploiting the use of tracks only reconstructed in subsystems of the detector at the high-level LHCb trigger, $$ \mathcal{B}\left({B}_{s}^{0}\to {a}_{1}{a}_{2}\right)<{10}^{-8} $$
ℬ

B
s
0

→

a
1

a
2

<

10

−
8

and ℬ(B+ → K+a1a2) < 10−9 could be reached in the muon channel across seven orders of magnitude in the lifetime of the Goldstone bosons. Correspondingly, heavy-light particle couplings of order ≲ 1 could be tested, potentially ruling out composite Higgs scenarios where the heavy and light sectors couple strongly.
The evolution of CNO elements in galaxies
Authors: Romano Donatella 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfter hydrogen and helium, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen—hereinafter, the CNO elements—are the most abundant species in the universe. They are observed in all kinds of astrophysical environments, from the smallest to the largest scales, and are at the basis of all known forms of life, hence, the constituents of any biomarker. As such, their study proves crucial in several areas of contemporary astrophysics, extending to astrobiology. In this review, I will summarize current knowledge about CNO element evolution in galaxies, starting from our home, the Milky Way. After a brief recap of CNO synthesis in stars, I will present the comparison between chemical evolution model predictions and observations of CNO isotopic abundances and abundance ratios in stars and in the gaseous matter. Such a comparison permits to constrain the modes and time scales of the assembly of galaxies and their stellar populations, as well as stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis theories. I will stress that chemical evolution models must be carefully calibrated against the wealth of abundance data available for the Milky Way before they can be applied to the interpretation of observational datasets for other systems. In this vein, I will also discuss the usefulness of some key CNO isotopic ratios as probes of the prevailing, galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function in galaxies where more direct estimates from the starlight are unfeasible.
BMP10 functions independently from BMP9 for the development of a proper arteriovenous network
Authors: Choi Hyunwoo , Kim Bo-Gyeong , Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Se-Jin , Lee Young Jae , Oh S. Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic vascular disorder characterized by the presence of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in multiple organs. HHT is caused by mutations in genes encoding major constituents for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signaling: endoglin (ENG), activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), and SMAD4. The identity of physiological ligands for this ENG-ALK1 signaling pertinent to AVM formation has yet to be clearly determined. To investigate whether bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), BMP10, or both are physiological ligands of ENG-ALK1 signaling involved in arteriovenous network formation, we generated a novel Bmp10 conditional knockout mouse strain. We examined whether global Bmp10-inducible knockout (iKO) mice develop AVMs at neonatal and adult stages in comparison with control, Bmp9-KO, and Bmp9/10-double KO (dKO) mice. Bmp10-iKO and Bmp9/10-dKO mice showed AVMs in developing retina, postnatal brain, and adult wounded skin, while Bmp9-KO did not display any noticeable vascular defects. Bmp10 deficiency resulted in increased proliferation and size of endothelial cells in AVM vessels. The impaired neurovascular integrity in the brain and retina of Bmp10-iKO and Bmp9/10-dKO mice was detected. Bmp9/10-dKO mice exhibited the lethality and vascular malformation similar to Bmp10-iKO mice, but their phenotypes were more pronounced. Administration of BMP10 protein, but not BMP9 protein, prevented retinal AVM in Bmp9/10-dKO and endothelial-specific Eng-iKO mice. These data indicate that BMP10 is indispensable for the development of a proper arteriovenous network, whereas BMP9 has limited compensatory functions for the loss of BMP10. We suggest that BMP10 is the most relevant physiological ligand of the ENG-ALK1 signaling pathway pertinent to HHT pathogenesis.