bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency broadband perfect absorber based on a multilayered pyramid structure
Authors: Meng Qiqi , Zheng Ling , Chen Fang , Zhang Huafeng , Yang Wenxing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an ultra-broadband perfect absorber based on a four-layer pyramid metamaterial and a metal insulator metal (MIM) structure has been demonstrated and investigated. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) results indicate that the absorption originates from localized surface plasmons and waveguide mode resonance effect. An average absorption of 96.18 % with bandwidth ranging from 308 nm to 2387 nm was achieved, and the average absorption in the entire wave band (200–2800 nm) was approximately 94.64%. The results of the impedance matching theory are consistent with the FDTD simulation. Polarization insensitivity was investigated by studying the absorption characteristic of TE and TM polarizations. The effect of top and bottom materials was investigated and compared in detail. Moreover, by adjusting the geometrical size, the absorption performance can be fine- tuned. In addition, the proposed broadband absorber exhibited excellent absorption stability and environmental refractive index tolerance. Without noble metal materials, the proposed structure can reduce the fabrication costs. We believe that the proposed broadband absorber has potential applications in solar cells, infrared imaging, and thermal emitters.
Nonlinear electron-acoustic structures in two-temperature relativistic degenerate plasmas
Authors: Ali Sanawar , Ali S , Naeem Ismat , Al-Hadeethi Yas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fully nonlinear electron-acoustic (EA) structures are studied in the presence of relativistic degeneracy pressure attributing to electron species in a degenerate plasma. The plasma is taken as a collisionless and unmagnetized, containing mobile cool electrons, inertialess hot electrons and static ions. The fluid equations for such a plasma are incorporated and solved together by using the charge-neutrality hypothesis and diagonalization matrix technique obtaining the characteristic wave equations in the form of inviscid Burgers’ equations. Negative solitary structures are found in the form of potential profiles, which can be developed into nonstationary shocklets, greatly affected by the weak and strong relativistic degenerate densities. The structures are not only modified by the temporal evolution but also by thermal correction parameter. Moreover, the application of Taylor expansion to the eigenvalue may lead to the derivation of nonlinear phase and shock speeds, depending significantly on the electrostatic potential and other plasma parameters. The present findings are important to understand solitary and shocklet structures in dense plasmas, where both cool and hot electrons are regarded as the relativistic and degenerate species.
Bio-fabrication of Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles using Annona Muricata leaf extract and investigations of their antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activities
Authors: P S Vindhya , R Kunjikannan , V T Kavitha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present work aims to investigate the structural, optical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activities of Zn1−xNixO (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05 & 0.07) nanoparticles prepared by the green method using Annona Muricata leaf extract. The synthesised nanoparticles were analysed by XRD, FTIR, XPS, HRTEM- SAED, SEM- EDX and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern confirms Ni has been successfully incorporated into the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. XPS results demonstrate the binding energies of ZnO and Ni. The presence of Zn-O vibrational modes was identified by FTIR spectra. The morphology of prepared samples was investigated through SEM and TEM analysis. The presence of Zn, O and Ni elements in EDX spectra indicates the purity of the sample. The optical bandgap energy of ZnO nanoparticles decreases with an increase in Ni concentration. Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles were carried out against s.aureus, B.subtilis and P.aeruginosa bacterial strains as well as the fungal strain of A.niger and C.albicans. ZnO nanoparticles have significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals. Under solar irradiation, Zn0.93Ni0.07O nanoparticles exhibit excellent photocatalytic degradation against malachite green (98.4 %) and methylene blue (94.9 %) dye solutions. Finally, these findings suggest an effective utilization of phytochemicals present in the A.muricata leaf extract as a suitable source for biosynthesis of pure and Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles utilised for biomedical and industrial waste water treatment applications.
Beyond the Oberbeck–Boussinesq and long wavelength approximation
Authors: Held M. , Wiesenberger M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present the first simulations of a reduced magnetized plasma model that incorporates both arbitrary wavelength polarization and non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq effects. Significant influence of these two effects on the density, electric potential and

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vorticity and non-linear dynamics of interchange blobs are reported. Arbitrary wavelength polarization implicates so-called gyro-amplification that compared to a long wavelength approximation leads to highly amplified small-scale

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vorticity fluctuations. These strongly increase the coherence and lifetime of blobs and alter the motion of the blobs through a slower blob-disintegration. Non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq effects incorporate plasma inertia, which substantially decreases the growth rate and linear acceleration of high amplitude blobs, while the maximum blob velocity is not affected. Finally, we generalize and numerically verify unified scaling laws for blob velocity, acceleration and growth rate that include both ion temperature and arbitrary blob amplitude dependence.
A method for increasing the yield of the suitable product of humic acids from raw materials using pulse-magnetic processing
Authors: Vasilyeva T I , Rodenko N A , Glushchenkov V A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The paper studied the effect of high-intensity pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) on extraction of humic acids in order to increase the yield of the suitable product. It is proposed to add to the technological chain of reactions for the precipitation of humic acids the operation of PMF processing of raw materials at the stage of the brawn coal suspension in alkali (the first experiment) or the alkaline extraction suspension (the second experiment).Pulse-magnetic processing the brawn coal suspension in alkali and the alkaline extraction suspension was carried out at magnetic field intensities H=0.09 106 A/m and H=0.82 106 A/m with the frequency of the discharge circuit f=40 kHz and the number of pulses n=1. The experiments have shown that when humic acids are obtained by water-alkaline extraction followed by their precipitation in an acid medium, for the highest yield of the product it is necessary to add the operation of pulse-magnetic processing a raw material at the magnetic field intensity of 0.82 106 A/m at the stage of the brawn coal suspension in alkali. It can be assumed that a high-intensity PMF contributes to the transfer of humic acids to a state conducive to their more efficient precipitation and extraction.
Use of a firebrand generator in the study of wildland and anthropogenic fires
Authors: Perminov V V , Kasymov D P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper in order to conduct a laboratory experiment on the effect of firebrands on the ground cover, the material under study was collected on the territory of the Tomsk region, namely the bark. The sizes of the samples simulating firebrands were chosen in accordance with the data of field experiments, according to the results of which it was noted that particles of precisely this size prevail during the transfer of fire. The experiments were carried out using an installation for the generation of firebrands. To determine the temperature of the particles generated by the installation, the experiment was recorded using an infrared camera. As a result of a series of experiments on the installation for the generation of firebrands, it was found that burning particles of pine bark, as well as pine twigs, are transported over a distance of 5-8 m at an average speed of 3.6 m/s. As a result, it was revealed that the probability of ignition of the ground cover depends on its density, as well as on the size of particles, their number and wind speed.
Tropical cyclone intensity prediction by inter- and intra-pattern fusion based on multi-source data
Authors: Ma Dongfang , Wang Lingjie , Fang Sunke , Lin Jianmin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the most destructive natural disasters, which can bring huge life and economic losses to the global coastal areas. Accurate TC intensity prediction is critical for disaster prevention and loss reduction, but the dynamic processes involved in TCs are complicated and not adequately understood, which make the intensity prediction is still a challenging task. In recent years, several deep-learning (DL)-based methods have been developed for TC prediction by mining TC intensity series or related environmental factors. However, information hidden between the two different data sources is generally ignored. Here, a novel DL-based TC intensity prediction network named Pre_3D is proposed, which aimed to mine of inter- and intra-patterns of TC intensity and related external factors independently by separate feature extraction sub-networks. An MLP network is adopted to achieve adaptive fusion of the two patterns for accurate TCs intensity prediction. TC records from several agencies were used to evaluate generalizability of the proposed framework and extensive experiments were conducted validate its effectiveness. The experimental results demonstrate that the models based on the Pre_3D framework achieved considerable performance. ConvGRU-based Pre_3D yields a significant improvement of over 15% in prediction accuracy in 24 h prediction relative to official agencies.
Beneficial role of diurnal smoothing for grid integration of wind power
Authors: Gangopadhyay Anasuya , Seshadri Ashwin K , Toumi Ralf 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Smoothing of generation variability, i.e. reduction of variance in the aggregate generation is crucial for grid integration of large-scale wind power plants. Prior studies of smoothing have focused on geographical smoothing, based on distance. In contrast, we propose a novel concept ‘diurnal smoothing’ that depends on spatial variations in the timing of seasonal-mean diurnal cycle peak. Considering the case of India, which experiences a strong diurnal cycle of wind-speed, we show how spatial heterogeneity in the wind diurnal cycle can be exploited to smooth wind power variability over and above geographical smoothing. For any given separation distance between sites, the hourly wind speed correlation is highly variable. Difference in timing of the diurnal cycle peak is an important factor for explaining this variability and we define smoothing from differently timed seasonal-mean diurnal cycle as ‘diurnal smoothing’. We show that apart from separation distance, the diurnal cycle is crucial for correlation among sites separated by 200 km or more with strong diurnal cycles (amplitude more than approximately 0.5 m s−1). Thus, diurnal smoothing is a vital factor in the aggregation of large wind power plants, and grid integration is benefited by considering (in addition to distance) new wind plant sites with largely separated diurnal cycles, especially those differing by roughly 12 h. Such diurnal smoothing is relevant for regions across the world with strong wind speed diurnal cycles. Ultimately grid integration depends on variations in total wind and solar generation and demand. Hence, their combined effects must be studied.
A New Urban Greening Scheme Approach: Increasing Quantity and Quality of Urban Green Space
Authors: Dahlan M Z , Faisal B , Chaeriyah S , Hutriani I W , Amelia M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Urban green spaces are perceived as vital urban infrastructure for healing from the spread of the COVID-19 disease. Regarding the limited availability and the high price of land in urban areas, local governments are encouraged to find alternative solutions that are good, appropriate, and fast to achieve the target of 30% green open space in their area. Based on the Green City Development Roadmap by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing in 2015, several cities were creatively assessing and determining the components of green open space based on the city’s natural character and stipulated in local regulations. This causes the diversity of existing green open space data in each city which cannot be compared validly. Furthermore, along with technology development in providing more environmentally friendly elements, the term “green open space” is considered to limit improvement efforts in the quantity and quality of urban green spaces. Therefore, this descriptive-qualitative study was conducted to find a new paradigm in defining green open spaces through benchmarking methods based on selected cities’ strategic and practical policies. The study results found the term “green space” in general as a response to the spatial problem that does not limit the function and utilization of the space, such as the condition of being open or closed by a tree canopy, owned by public or private, or furnished with vegetation and/or hardscape elements. However, we consider that implementing this breakthrough idea needs to be supported by related scientific studies and best practices relevant to the environmental context, both ecological, social, and cultural aspects. Consequently, a deeper study in realizing the green space concept needs to be carried out, primarily related to proving that this concept can increase both the quantity and quality of the urban green space.
Hypertonic saline use in neurocritical care for treating cerebral edema: A review of optimal formulation, dosing, safety, administration and storage
Authors: Holden Devin N , Mucksavage Jeffrey J , Cokley John A , Kim Keri S , Tucker Natalie L , Esordi Molly S , Cook Aaron M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeCurrent Neurocritical Care Society guidelines on the management of cerebral edema recommend hypertonic saline (HTS) over mannitol in some scenarios, but practical questions remain regarding the appropriate administration method, concentration/dose, monitoring to ensure safe use, and storage. The aim of this article is to address these practical concerns based on the evidence currently available.SummaryMany different hypertonic solutions have been studied to define the optimal hyperosmolar substance to relieve acute cerebral edema in patients with conditions such as acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. Mannitol and HTS are the main hyperosmolar therapies in use in contemporary neurocritical care practice. Contemporary use of HTS has followed a circuitous path in regards to the practical aspects of dosing and formulation, with evidence mainly consisting of retrospective or observational data. The effectiveness of bolus doses of HTS to lower acutely elevated intracranial pressure is well accepted. Adverse events with use of HTS are often mild and non–clinically significant if appropriate monitoring of serum sodium and chloride concentrations is performed. Available evidence shows that peripheral administration of HTS is likely safe in certain circumstances. Timely utilization of HTS is complicated by regulatory requirements for safe storage, but with appropriate safeguards HTS can be stored in patient care areas.ConclusionHTS formulations, methods of administration, infusion rate, and storage vary by institution, and no practice standards exist. Central intravenous administration may be preferred for HTS, but peripheral intravenous administration is safe provided measures are undertaken to detect and prevent phlebitis and extravasation. The safe use of HTS is possible with proper protocols, education, and institutional safeguards in place.
Centrally supported clinical pharmacist intervention to reduce clinical inertia in hypertension
Authors: Lowe Rachel N , Kovac Nicole , Lobo Ingrid , Billups Sarah J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of a one-time hypertension (HTN)–focused clinical pharmacist intervention on the occurrence of clinical inertia and change in blood pressure (BP).MethodsThis retrospective study included patients 18 to 89 years of age with a current diagnosis of HTN and average systolic BP of ≥150 mm Hg. Centralized outreach coordinators performed telephone outreach to patients to schedule an HTN-focused visit with their primary care provider (PCP) and forwarded outreach notes for half of these patients to clinical pharmacists embedded in an internal medicine clinic. The clinical pharmacists performed a one-time focused medication review and provided evidence-based recommendations to a patient’s PCP prior to the scheduled appointment. The primary outcome was therapy intensification (medication adjustment or adherence discussion) as a measure of overcoming clinical inertia. Secondary outcomes were the mean changes in systolic and diastolic BP from preintervention values to 6-month follow-up in the intervention group versus the control group.ResultsA total of 91 patients were included, and 34 of 47 intervention patients (72%) had therapy intensification at the HTN-focused PCP appointment, compared to 20 of 44 control patients (46%) (P =0.017). The mean (SD) systolic BP reductions from baseline were 12.26 (29.04) mm Hg and 6.97 (27.05) mm Hg for the intervention and control groups, respectively (P =0.427), with diastolic BP reductions of 3.83 (13.14) mm Hg and 1.35 (10.60) mm Hg, respectively (P =0.380).ConclusionA collaborative model involving centralized outreach coordinators and embedded clinical pharmacists led to a significant reduction in clinical inertia. This was a small-scale pilot study, and further research is needed to determine the effect of this intervention on BP reduction.
The Accuracy of Speech and Linguistic Analysis in Early Diagnostics of Neurocognitive Disorders in a Memory Clinic Setting
Authors: ter Huurne Daphne , Ramakers Inez , Possemis Nina , Banning Leonie , Gruters Angelique , Van Asbroeck Stephanie , König Alexandra , Linz Nicklas , Tröger Johannes , Langel Kai , Verhey Frans , de Vugt Marjolein 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether automatic analysis of the Semantic Verbal Fluency test (SVF) is reliable and can extract additional information that is of value for identifying neurocognitive disorders. In addition, the associations between the automatically derived speech and linguistic features and other cognitive domains were explored.

Method
We included 135 participants from the memory clinic of the Maastricht University Medical Center+ (with Subjective Cognitive Decline [SCD; N = 69] and Mild Cognitive Impairment [MCI]/dementia [N = 66]). The SVF task (one minute, category animals) was recorded and processed via a mobile application, and speech and linguistic features were automatically extracted. The diagnostic performance of the automatically derived features was investigated by training machine learning classifiers to differentiate SCD and MCI/dementia participants.

Results
The intraclass correlation for interrater reliability between the clinical total score (golden standard) and automatically derived total word count was 0.84. The full model including the total word count and the automatically derived speech and linguistic features had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.85 for differentiating between people with SCD and MCI/dementia. The model with total word count only and the model with total word count corrected for age showed an AUC of 0.75 and 0.81, respectively. Semantic switching correlated moderately with memory as well as executive functioning.

Conclusion
The one-minute SVF task with automatically derived speech and linguistic features was as reliable as the manual scoring and differentiated well between SCD and MCI/dementia. This can be considered as a valuable addition in the screening of neurocognitive disorders and in clinical practice.
Understanding floral variation in Leiothrix (Poales: Eriocaulaceae): anatomy, development and insights into pollination
Authors: Mascarenhas Ana Angélica S , Scatena Vera L , Oriani Aline 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Leiothrix differs from other genera of Eriocaulaceae by having pistillate flowers with nectariferous and stigmatic branches that diverge at different heights on the style and staminate flowers with free or fused petals. To understand the ontogenetic processes that result in these morphological variations, we studied the development and floral vasculature in six species of the genus. In pistillate flowers, the nectariferous branches, which are in a carinal position, correspond to the apex of the carpels, whereas the stigmatic branches, in a commissural position, are formed by the marginal tissues of the carpels and initiate later than the nectariferous branches. The upper margins of the carpels elongate, forming a tubular structure that raises the stigmatic branches; the greater its development, the greater the distance between the stigmatic and nectariferous branches. In staminate flowers, the fusion of the petals appears to be post-genital in the median and apical portions and congenital in the more basal portion. Despite the differences in floral development, Leiothrix shares the same pattern of floral vasculature with other genera of Eriocaulaceae, exhibiting a central vascular plexus in the receptacle from which a single trace diverges for each sepal, petal and stamen. The staminodes are not vascularized. The dorsal carpellary bundles supply the nectariferous branches, but the ventral carpel bundles are reduced and are not involved in the supply of the ovules and stigmas. The differences in the height of insertion of the nectariferous branches are probably the result of selective pressure exerted by different groups of pollinating insects. Our hypothesis is that species in which the nectariferous branches are inserted below the stigmatic branches, and are therefore less accessible, exhibit a more specialized pollination system. The absence of nectariferous branches in L. angustifolia indicates secondary loss probably associated with spontaneous geitonogamy.
No Matthew effects and stable SES gaps in math and language achievement growth throughout schooling: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Nennstiel Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The extent to which achievement gaps become wider or narrower over the course of schooling is a topic that is widely discussed, both publicly and in educational research. This study examines whether absolute achievement (in language and math skills) and social origin gaps grow throughout the school career. To investigate the achievement growth of three German student cohorts (N = 14,273) at different stages of their school career (primary school, lower secondary school, and upper secondary school), I use multilevel models to estimate the effects of prior achievement and social origin on achievement growth. The results consistently suggest a negative association between prior achievement and subsequent growth; hence, initially low-performing students have higher achievement gains than initially high-performing students. Additionally, I find that social origin gaps remain stable over time. However, when controlling for initial achievement, slightly growing socio-economic status gaps can be observed.