bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BirdFlow: Learning Seasonal Bird Movements from eBird Data
Authors: Fuentes Miguel , Van Doren Benjamin M. , Fink Daniel , Sheldon Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLarge-scale monitoring of seasonal animal movement is integral to science, conservation, and outreach. However, gathering representative movement data across entire species ranges is frequently intractable. Citizen science databases collect millions of animal observations throughout the year, but it is challenging to infer individual movement behavior solely from observational data. We present BirdFlow, a probabilistic modeling framework that draws on citizen science data from the eBird database to model the population flows of migratory birds. We apply the model to 11 species of North American birds, using GPS and satellite tracking data to tune and evaluate model performance. We show that BirdFlowmodels can accurately infer individual seasonal movement behavior directly from eBird relative abundance estimates. Supplementing the model with a sample of tracking data from wild birds improves performance. Researchers can extract a number of behavioral inferences from model results, including migration routes, timing, connectivity, and forecasts. The BirdFlowframework has the potential to advance migration ecology research, boost insights gained from direct tracking studies, and serve a number of applied functions in conservation, disease surveillance, aviation, and public outreach.
Climatic niche conservatism and ecological diversification in the Holarctic cold-dwelling butterfly genusErebia
Authors: Klečková Irena , Klečka Jan , Fric Zdeněk Faltýnek , Česánek Martin , Dutoit Ludovic , Pellissier Loïc , Matos-Maraví Pável 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe diversification of alpine species has been modulated by their climatic niches interacting with changing climatic conditions. The relative roles of climatic niche conservatism promoting geographical speciation and of climatic niche diversification are poorly understood in diverse temperate groups. Here, we investigate the climatic niche evolution in a species rich butterfly genus,Erebia. This Holarctic cold-dwelling genus reaches the highest diversity in European mountains. We generated a nearly complete molecular phylogeny and modelled the climatic niche evolution using geo-referenced occurrence records. We reconstructed the evolution of the climatic niche and tested how the species’ climatic niche width changes across the occupied climate gradient and compared two mainErebiaclades, the European and the Asian clade. We further explored climatic niche overlaps among species. Our analyses revealed that the evolution ofErebiahas been shaped by climatic niche conservatism, supported by a strong phylogenetic signal and niche overlap in sister species, likely promoting allopatric speciation. The European and the Asian clades evolved their climatic niches toward different local optima. In addition, species in the European clade have narrower niches compared to the Asian clade. Contrasts among the clades may be related to regional climate differences, with lower climate seasonality in Europe compared to Central Asia favouring the evolution of narrower niches. Further, adaptive divergence could appear in other traits, such as habitat use, which can be reflected by narrower climatic niches detected in the European clade. In conclusion, our study extends knowledge about the complexity of evolutionary drivers in temperate insects.
Purification and Characterization of Inorganic Pyrophosphatase for in vitro RNA Transcription
Authors: Tersteeg Scott , Mrozowich Tyler , Henrickson Amy , Demeler Borries , Patel Trushar R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInorganic pyrophosphatase (iPPase) is an enzyme that cleaves pyrophosphate into two phosphate molecules. This enzyme is an essential component of in vitro transcription (IVT) reactions for RNA preparation as it prevents pyrophosphate from precipitating with magnesium, ultimately increasing the rate of the IVT reaction. Large-scale RNA production is often required for biochemical and biophysical characterization studies of RNA, therefore requiring large amounts of IVT reagents. Commercially purchased iPPase is often the most expensive component of any IVT reaction. In this paper, we demonstrate that iPPase can be produced in large quantities and of high quality using a reasonably generic laboratory facility and that laboratory-purified iPPase is as effective as commercially available iPPase. Furthermore, using size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering and dynamic light scattering (SEC-MALS-DLS), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we demonstrate that yeast iPPase can form tetramers and hexamers in solution as well as the enzymatically active dimer. Our work provides a robust protocol for labs involved with RNA in vitro transcription to efficiently produce active iPPase, significantly reducing the financial strain of large-scale RNA production.Statement of SignificanceWe show an easy two-step purification procedure to efficiently produce large quantities of iPPase, an expensive component of IVT reactions. Laboratory-produced iPPase can significantly reduce the financial strain on research labs that rely on large-scale RNA production for experiments. Furthermore, we show for the first time, using a combination of orthogonal biophysical techniques, that yeast iPPase assembles into higher-order oligomers similar to bacterial iPPase.
The effect of trans-cinnamic acid isolated from the root cultures of the Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) on the life expectancy and survival of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Dyshlyuk Lyubov Sergeevna , Drozdova Margarita Yuryevna , Dolganyuk Vyacheslav Fedorovich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOxidative stress is an increase in reactive oxygen species, which are signaling molecules of various pathologies in the body of living beings. Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) is a valuable source of biologically active substances with various pharmacological activity. The aim of the study is to study the effect of trans-cinnamic acid isolated from root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis on the lifespan of a model organism of C. elegans, as well as its survival under conditions of oxidative and thermal stress. It was shown that trans-cinnamic acid increased the lifespan of nematodes, while the best concentration of phytomaterials was 50 microns. In addition, all tested concentrations (10-200) had a positive effect on nematodes under oxidative stress caused by paraquat. No positive effect of trans-cinnamic acid was detected during thermal exposure. In general, the results show the antioxidant potential of trans-cinnamic acid from plant material under oxidative stress, as well as the positive effect of the substance on the lifespan of C. elegans.
Polar growth protein Wag31 undergoes changes in homo-oligomeric network topology, and has distinct functions at both cell poles and the septum
Authors: Arejan Neda Habibi , Patel Parthvi Bharatkumar , Quintanilla Samantha Y. , Saleh Arash Emami , Boutte Cara C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMycobacterial cell elongation occurs at the cell poles; however, it is not clear how cell wall insertion is restricted to the pole and organized. Wag31 is a pole-localized cytoplasmic protein that is essential for polar growth, but its molecular function has not been described. Wag31 homo-oligomerizes in a network at the poles, but it is not known how the structure of this network affects Wag31 function. In this study we used a protein fragment complementation assay to identify Wag31 residues involved in homo-oligomeric interactions, and found that amino acids all along the length of the protein mediate these interactions. We then used both N-terminal and C-terminal splitGFP fusions to probe Wag31 network topology at different sites in the cell, and found that Wag31 C-terminal-C-terminal interactions predominate at the septa, while C-terminal-C-terminal and C-terminal-N-terminal interactions are found equally at the poles. This suggests the Wag31 network is formed through an ordered series of associations. We then dissected Wag31’s functional roles by phenotyping a series of wag31 alanine mutants; these data show that Wag31 has separate functions in not only new and old pole elongation, but also inhibition of both septation and new pole elongation. This work establishes new functions for Wag31, and indicates that changes in Wag31 homo-oligomeric network topology may contribute to cell wall regulation in mycobacteria.ImportanceMany bacteria restrict cell wall elongation to their cell poles, but it is not known how polar growth is affected on the molecular level. Wag31 is a protein that is required for this polar elongation. In this work, we show that Wag31 actually has at least four distinct functions in regulating the cell wall: it promotes elongation at both poles in different ways, and it can also inhibit cell wall metabolism at the new pole and the septum. In addition, we propose a new model for how Wag31 self-associates into a protein network. This work is important because it shows that a DivIVA homolog can have distinct functions depending on cell context. And, this work clarifies that Wag31 is doing several different things in the cell, and gives us genetic tools to disentangle its functions.
Nuclear transport under stress phenocopies transport defects in models of C9Orf72 ALS
Authors: Semmelink Marije F.W. , Jafarinia Hamidreza , Wolters Justina C , Gheorghe Teodora , Mouton Sara N. , Steen Anton , Onck Patrick R. , Veenhoff Liesbeth M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe nucleus is the hallmark of eukaryotic life and transport to and from the nucleus occurs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). There is a multitude of data connecting the nuclear transport machinery – i.e. the NPCs and associated nuclear transport factors - to neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we systematically studied how the expression of polyPR and polyGA related to C9Orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis impacts the nuclear transport machinery. We measured the abundance and localization of NPC components and transport factors, and assessed the kinetics of import and export by four transport receptors. PolyPR and polyGA cause distinct, and transport receptor dependent effects. We compared the specific changes in transport to those obtained when cells were exposed to different stress situations or mutations. This comparison showed similar patterns of transport defects in cells lacking specific NTRs and cells expressing polyPR. In contrast, polyGA expressing cells bear resemblance to stress conditions where energy maintenance is decreased. The similarity of the patterns of transport deficiencies suggests that polyPR has a direct effect on nuclear transport via NTRs, while polyGA impacts the energy state of the cell and subsequently changes transport.
Multiscale modeling of polymers filled with MWCNTs: the effect of dispersion, waviness, interphase and agglomerations
Authors: Polydoropoulou Panagiota , Tserpes Konstantinos , Pantelakis Spiros , Katsiropoulos Christos 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the development of a multiscale model which simulates the effect of the dispersion, the waviness, the interphase geometry as well as the agglomerations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the Young’s modulus of a polymer filled with 0.4 Vol.% MWCNTs.

Design/methodology/approach
For the determination of the homogenized elastic properties of the hybrid material representative unit cells (RUCs) have been used. The predicted homogenized elastic properties were used for the prediction of the Young’s modulus of the filled material by simulating a finite element (FE) model of a tensile specimen. Moreover, the model has been validated by comparing the predicted values of the numerical analysis with experimental tensile results.

Findings
As the MWCNT agglomerates increase, the results showed a remarkable decrease of the Young’s modulus regarding the polymer filled with aligned MWCNTs while only slight differences on the Young’s modulus have been found in the case of randomly oriented MWCNTs. This might be attributed to the low concentration of the MWCNTs (0.4 Vol.%) into the polymer. For low MWCNTs concentrations, the interphase seems to have negligible effect on the Young’s modulus. Furthermore, as the MWCNTs waviness increases, a remarkable decrease of the Young’s modulus of the polymer filled with aligned MWCNTs is observed. In the case that MWCNTs are randomly dispersed into the polymer, both numerical and experimental results have been found to be consistent regarding the Young’s modulus.

Practical implications
The methodology used can be adopted by any system containing nanofillers.

Originality/value
Although several studies on the effect of the MWCNTs distribution on the Young’s modulus have been conducted, limited results exist by using a more realistic RUC including a periodic geometry of more than 20 MWCNTs with random orientation and a more realistic waviness of MWCNTs with aspect ratio exceeding 150.
Internet of things and consumer engagement on retail: state-of-the-art and future directions
Authors: Ajayi Samson , Loureiro Sandra Maria Correia , Langaro Daniela 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe growing complexity of consumer engagement (CE) due to the impact of Internet of things (IoT) has been attracting significant attention from both academics and industry practitioners especially in recent times. Hence, understanding this phenomenon remains very crucial to the body of knowledge. This study conducted a systematic review on IoT and CE with the aim of proposing future research opportunities using the TCCM model.Design/methodology/approachExtant literature studies were systematically examined by sourcing high ranking ABS journals from EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Emerald. A total of 58 articles were included in the final analysis of this research.FindingsThe analysis established the need to conduct more research on CE due to the impact of new technological implementation in retail. The results further suggest the need for extensive research across African countries and emerging markets to enable broader empirical generalizations of research outcomes. Using the TCCM framework, the authors indicated directions for future empirical research.Originality/valueThis study exposes the current trends in CE and IoT. The results and analysis are both compelling and verifiable, hence, establishing a firm base of reference for future research in related fields.
Green intellectual capital and green HRM enabling organizations go green: mediating role of green innovation
Authors: Ullah Sami , Mehmood Tariq , Ahmad Tooba 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the complex relationship between green intellectual capital (GIC), green human resource management (GHRM) and green innovation (GI) for improvement in the environmental performance (EP) of an organization.

Design/methodology/approach
The data collected from 456 food manufacturing firms in Pakistan was used for structural equation modeling through SmartPLS. Hypotheses were tested through path analysis, predictive relevance and effect size of variables.

Findings
The findings show that GIC and GHRM have no direct impact on EP; instead, GI plays a mediating role to make GIC and GHRM helpful in improving an organization’s EP. Also, the environmental strategies play a significant role in the EP and act as a moderator in the relationship between GI and EP.

Originality/value
The Global Climate Risk Index has ranked Pakistan as the fifth most vulnerable to climate change. Industrial activities are contributing significantly to carbon emissions, and therefore, it is vital to mitigate and adapt to climate change to improve the organization’s EP. The findings of this study show that GIC, GHRM and GI can significantly enhance the EP of food manufacturing firms in Pakistan.
Politics of governing NPM-led agencies in Pakistan: influence of contextual factors on agency autonomy and control
Authors: Rizwan Aisha , Salman Yaamina , Naveed Shabana 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis article aims to empirically investigate the influence of socio-cultural and political factors and actors on the perceived autonomy and control of state agencies in Pakistan. Taking an institutional perspective, which envisages a diverse course of agency reforms, owed to varied national cultures, historical paths and traditional mindsets, the authors argue that the institutional theory provides an explanation to the autonomy and control status of the agencies.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 39 senior public officials and governing board members in federal agencies by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo-12 for data analysis.FindingsThe results disclose that the agencies operate within an overriding politico-administrative culture of intervention and supremacy of the central government. There is a close relationship between the political actors and actors' implementing agents, the bureaucrats. Although the disaggregated public agencies are created under the agency model, a culture of political influence and control still prevails within them. Among the socio-cultural factors, corruption is reported as a critical influencing factor for agency autonomy.Research limitations/implicationsThe study emphasizes the need to adapt and modify agencification practices in developing countries based on the political, socio-cultural and administrative contextual factors and actors and the varying degrees of influence the practices exercise over the Government machinery.Originality/valueThis study unveils the implications of the new public management (NPM)-led agency model in Pakistan, which was primarily adopted as a part of the structural adjustment program (SAP) under loan conditionality from international donor agencies and explores the indigenous doctrines that govern agencies functioning under ministries.
National Innovation Demonstration Zone policy and city innovation capability – a quasi-natural experimental analysis
Authors: Aisaiti Gulizhaer , Xie Jiaping , Zhang Tingting 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to understand the relationship between the National Innovation Demonstration Zone policy and city innovation capability and the underlying mechanisms.Design/methodology/approach This paper collects panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2006 to 2018 for the quasi-natural experiment of National Independent Demonstration Zone (NIDZ) policy. It applies the difference-in-difference (DID) method to study the impact of NIDZ policy on city innovation capability and its underlying mechanism to enhance it.FindingsThe empirical result indicates that the establishment of NIDZ significantly enhances the city's innovation capability, which was verified through a series of robustness tests. The mechanism analysis shows that the NIDZ promote the inflow and outflow of knowledge, which implies NIDZ enhances the innovation capability of cities by facilitating the innovation sharing impact. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the higher degree of digitalization, the higher the government service level induce a more favourable policy effect. The policy effect is more significant in the cities with a higher marketization or the eastern developed region.Practical implicationsThis study’s empirical findings suggest that it is essential to improve the digital infrastructure to accomplish the digital transformation and upgrading of NIDZ. The government should improve the service efficiency and reshape the city market environment to ensure the fair competition of science and technology enterprises.Originality/valueThe paper first proposed and empirically tested that innovation sharing is an important mechanism that can significantly enhance the city innovation capability. The authors analyse the heterogeneity of NIDZ from four aspects: digitalization level, marketization level, government service level, and regional development and expanded research boundaries.
A multi-level, time-series network analysis of the impact of youth peacebuilding on quality peace
Authors: Taylor Laura K. , Bähr Celia 
Published: April 2022

PurposeOver 60% of armed conflicts re-occur; the seed of future conflict is sown even as a peace agreement is signed. The cyclical nature of war calls for a focus on youth who can disrupt this pattern over time. Addressing this concern, the developmental peace-building model calls for a dynamic, multi-level and longitudinal approach. Using an innovative statistical approach, this study aims to investigate the associations among four youth peace-building dimensions and quality peace.Design/methodology/approachMulti-level time-series network analysis of a data set containing 193 countries and spanning the years between 2011 and 2020 was performed. This statistical approach allows for complex modelling that can reveal new patterns of how different youth peace-building dimensions (i.e. education, engagement, information, inclusion), identified through rapid evidence assessment, promote quality peace over time. Such a methodology not only assesses between-country differences but also within-country change.FindingsWhile the within-country contemporaneous network shows positive links for education, the temporal network shows significant lagged effects for all four dimensions on quality peace. The between-country network indicates significant direct effects of education and information, on average, and indirect effects of inclusion and engagement, on quality peace.Originality/valueThis approach demonstrates a novel application of multi-level time-series network analysis to explore the dynamic development of quality peace, capturing both stability and change. The analysis illustrates how youth peace-building dimensions impact quality peace in the macro-system globally. This investigation of quality peace thus illustrates that the science of peace does not necessitate violent conflict.
The value of informal workplace learning for police education teachers’ professional development
Authors: Holmgren Robert , Sjöberg David 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore Swedish police education teachers’ informal workplace learning and its perceived value for their professional development. Two categories of teachers, police teachers and university teachers, with different professional knowledge and experience, work together at the police education unit.

Design/methodology/approach
The method used was in-depth interviews with teachers working at a Swedish police education unit.

Findings
Informal workplace learning was perceived by both teacher groups to be of great value for gaining knowledge about the local practice and for their professional development. Their learning emerged in discussions, observations and practically oriented activities in their daily work. Four conclusions: firstly, the teachers’ informal workplace learning was socially and practice-oriented and learning emerged in a collaborative, reciprocal and active process. Secondly, the embodied nature of the learning is evident in the teachers’ joint activities in the teaching practice. Thirdly, it takes time and active involvement in the local practice to become a professional teacher in this kind of education. Fourthly, an educational structure where academic knowledge and experience can be integrated with police knowledge and experience constitutes an important basis for teachers’ professional development in police education and training.

Originality/value
The study’s focus on police education and the professional development of teachers in this specific practice contributes to increased knowledge of the social, practice-oriented and embodied nature of informal workplace learning.