bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of Twin Wire Arc Sprayed Copper Alloys
Authors: Wielage B. , Steinhäuser S. , Reisel G. , Wank A. , Brandt O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the last decades, the application of copper alloys has become very prominent in engineering. Judging from the properties of bulk materials or galvanic copper coatings, a thermal sprayed coating shows significant disadvantages. The reason for this effect is the build up of a thermal sprayed coating by individual droplets. The main aim of this work is to improve the properties of the twin wire arc sprayed copper alloys, thereby expanding the application of these kind of coatings to the areas where galvanic copper plating technique are mainly used. A copper-cobalt-beryllium alloy has been investigated and the possibility of its application in the twin wire arc process evaluated. The arc sprayed coatings were classified based on the properties of bulk material. The improvement of properties like hardness is based on an investigation of several spraying parameters of the arc spray process. To achieve a maximum value of thermal or electrical conductivity, minimum porosity of the coatings was the aim. Furthermore, a post heat treatment of the sprayed coatings, with the aim of reducing residual tensile stresses within the coating and to improve the wear resistance by means of hardening effects, was carried out. The investigations involved metallographic examination of the coatings using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Phase composition and residual stresses were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. Microhardness was measured in the as sprayed as well as in the heat treated state.
Characterization of Modified Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Ahmaniemi S. , Tuominen J. , Vippola M. , Vuoristo P. , Mäntylä T. , Cernuschi F. , Gualco C. , Bonadei A. , Di Maggio R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In gas turbines and diesel engines there is a demand for Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings (TTBCs), because of the increased process combustion temperatures. Unfortunately the increased thickness of plasma sprayed TBCs normally leads to a reduced coating lifetime. So for that reason the coating structures have to be modified. When modifying the structure of TTBCs, the focus is normally set on elastic modulus reduction of the thick coating, in order to improve the coating strain tolerance. On the other hand, coating structural modification procedures, such as sealing treatments, can be performed when increased hot corrosion resistance or better mechanical properties are needed. In this paper we introduced several modified zirconia based TTBC structures and their specific microstructural properties. Coating surface sealing procedures such as phosphate sealing, laser-glazing and sol-gel impregnation were studied as potential methods in increasing the hot corrosion and erosion resistance of TTBCs. Some microstructural modifications were also made by introducing segmentation cracks into the coating structures by laserglazing and by using special spraying parameters. These last two methods were studied in order to increase the strain tolerance of TTBCs. The coating microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, EDS analysis and X-ray diffraction. The effect of sealing procedures was studied on basic thermal and mechanical properties of the coatings. In the paper it was also presented some correlations between the coating properties and microstructures, and discussed about the advantages and drawbacks of each modification procedure.
Structure and Properties of CaZrO3 Coatings Prepared by WSP and APS Spraying
Authors: Neufuss K. , Dubsky J. , Rohan P. , Kolman B. , Chraska P. , Berger L.-M. , Zieris R. , Thiele S. , Nebelung M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
CaZrO3 is a material for thermally sprayed ceramic coatings to which so far only a little attention was paid. This material has a high melting point, good thermal stability and a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of steel. In this paper water stabilized plasma spraying (WSPR) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) were used to prepare CaZrO3 coatings. The spraying feedstock was prepared from fine CaZrO3 powder by agglomeration (spray drying) and sintering. Powders with three different particle sizes (- 45 + 20 µm, - 63 + 45 µm and -90+63 µm) were used in the experiments. The coarse fractions were used for WSP spraying, while the fine one was sprayed with the APS process. Plasma sprayed materials were studied from the point of view of phase changes and influence of the powder size on structure of coatings. The changes of phase composition were studied by X-ray diffraction on coatings as well as on free flight particles. Formation of a cubic phase with a reduced content of CaO in comparison to CaZrO3 was observed. Its formation is probably connected with evaporation of CaO during spraying. This cubic phase is similar to the phase obtained by spraying of ZrO2+5%CaO. Plasma sprayed coatings were characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by density and porosity. Coefficients of thermal expansion of plasma sprayed layers from CaZrO3 were measured.
Influence of Spraying Variables and of a New Zirconia Hollow Powder on the Microstructure of Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Roy P. , Bertrand G. , Coddet C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The life and thermal properties of plasma sprayed TBC – widely used in gas turbine engines – are closely related to the microstructure of the ceramic top coating. Especially, the thermal conductivity of this ceramic coating is induced by the void shapes and networks which are in turn determined by both the spraying conditions and the feedstock material. This study has been performed to optimize the ceramic coating microstructure. First, a hollow zirconia powder was elaborated in the laboratory and compared with a commercial hollow powder. Then, the Taguchi method was performed on thermal spray operating factors to optimize their beneficial effects on the Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC). A new hollow powder with small grains was elaborated using spray drying process. That spray dried powder based on yttria partially stabilized zirconia was optimized using drying simulation tests. It was shown that the formulation and the state of dispersion of the slurry allow to control the powder morphology (from dense to hollow shape). Moreover, for hollow powder, it is possible to vary the thickness of the shell. According to these results, a hollow powder (size ranging from 36 to 130 µm and an 11 µm shell thickness) was elaborated as an original feedstock to produce plasma sprayed TBC. The agglomerated powder was consolidated in an oven and then was compared to a commercial hollow yttria zirconia powder during thermal spray tests. Coating experiments were based on a limited number of operating factors, which have an influence on the deposit microstructure. The seven selected spraying factors concerned the plasma (primary and secondary gas flow rates, arc current), the cooling and the powder deposition (spraying distance, spraying angle, traverse speed). Experiments based on these factors were carried out to elaborate a Taguchi fractional-factorial L16 design. The resulting as sprayed coatings characteristics were quantified with respect to deposition efficiency, roughness (Ra) and porosity (image analysis technique). Through statistical calculation, the parameters that have relevant influence on the coating properties were identified, and their relative importance and some of their interactions were studied. The final aim is to produce an effective thermal barrier coating with a reduced thermal conductivity.
A New Environmental Barrier Coating System on Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide Composites
Authors: Latzel S. , Vaßen R. , Stöver D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites (C/SiC) are promising materials for high temperature light weight structural components. However, a protective coating is necessary to prevent the oxidation of the carbon, especially at temperatures above 400 °C. Also the silica scale, which often forms on top of the C/SiC, must be protected from water vapor contact as the silica scale is not stable under these conditions. Hence, a protective coating, an Environmental Barrier Coating (EBC), is needed to shelter the material from the environmental influences of oxygen and water vapor. Current EBC systems employ multiple layers, each serving unique requirements. However, any mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) leads to internal stress and results in crack formation. In this case, oxygen and water vapor penetrate through the EBC, reducing the lifetime of the component. Mullite (Al6Si2O13) is used in many known EBC systems on silicon-based ceramics either as an EBC itself or as a bondcoat. Due to its low CTE and its sufficient thermal cycling behaviour, mullite was chosen in this investigation as a first layer. As mullite suffers loss of SiO2 when exposed to water vapor at high temperatures, an additional protective top coat is needed to complete the EBC system. Different oxides were evaluated to serve as top coat, especially high temperature oxides with low coefficients of thermal expansion (LCTE). An Environmental Barrier Coating containing mullite as bondcoat and a LCTE oxide as a top coat is proposed. Both layers were applied via atmospheric plasma spraying. Results on the influence of processing conditions on the microstructure of single mullite and LCTE oxide layers and also mullite / LCTE oxide systems will be presented. Special emphasis was directed towards the crystallinity of the mullite layer, and in the top layer towards low porosity and reduced crack density.
Ceramic / Fluoropolymer Composite Coatings by Thermal Spraying : Effects of Parameters
Authors: Mateus C. , Costil S. , Coddet C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, polymers have grown successfully in industrial applications such as protection against corrosion, chemical or wear resistance. However, the use of these materials is often limited because of their poor abrasion resistance. For example, PTFE is certainly a polymer that has the most attractive properties such as low coefficient of friction but it is characterized by a very low scratch resistance. These restrictions can be overcome by use of composite structure. This way, mechanical resistance can be then provided by ceramic materials. As a result, this study is devoted to feasibility of ceramic – fluoropolymer composite coatings by plasma spraying. Two types of organic powder (PTFE and PFA) and that of alumina powder were chosen. Blends of these compounds were then sprayed. Owing to thermal properties of both materials, specific spray parameters must be optimized. Two varied parameters were picked up (spraying distance and plasma gas mixture) and their effects on the coating quality were estimated by several types of characterization (morphology, polymer rate, roughness…).
Pengaruh Lama Pemanasan terhadap Komposisi Kimia Biji Rami (Linum usitatissimum) sebagai Bahan Pakan Unggas
Authors: Khoirunisa Aditias Nabil , Sjofjan Osfar 
Published: September 2022

Bahan pakan ternak dengan profil nutrisi yang baik sangat dibutuhkan seiring perkembangan zaman, salah satu bahan dengan potensi besar yaitu biji rami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh lama pemanasan autoklaf terhadap komposisi kimia biji rami sebagai bahan pakan ayam pedaging. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu: P0 (tanpa pemanasan autoklaf), P1 (pemanasan autoklaf 5 menit), P2 (pemanasan autoklaf 10 menit), dan P3 (pemanasan autoklaf 15 menit). Variabel penelitian meliputi kandungan zat antinutrisi (tanin dan asam fitat), kandungan nutrisi (bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, dan abu), gross energy, dan fraksi serat (ADF dan NDF). Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dan apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lama pemanasan autoklaf memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kandungan zat antinutrisi, kandungan nutrisi, gross energy, dan fraksi serat, dengan penurunan kadar antinutrisi tanin dan asam fitat, penurunan bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar, gross energy, dan NDF. Selain itu, terdapat peningkatan kandungan serat kasar, abu, dan ADF. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada pemanasan biji rami menggunakan autoklaf pada suhu 121 oC dengan tekanan 1,5 atm selama 15 menit.
Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum Pada pH yang Berbeda
Authors: Nurjamila  , Tenriware  , Arbit Nur Indah Sari 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to determine the effect of different pH level on the density of Skeletonema costatum. A completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with 4 replications, including pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 (Control), and pH 8 was applied. Skeletonema costatum density rate and water quality were measured for data collection. A One-Way ANOVA was performed for statiscal analysis and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the highest Skeletonema costatum density was obtained at pH 8 (26,667 cells/ml), then pH 7 (13,333 cells/ml), pH 6 (11,000 cells/ml) and the lowest Skeletonema costatum density was found at pH 5 (10,000 cells/ml). Statistically, the pH had a significant effect on the density of Skeletonema costatum (p <0.05). this finding suggests that the optimal pH level for rearing was pH 8.
ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pH terhadap kepadatan fitoplankton Skeletonema costatum. Metode yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 (Kontrol), dan pH 8. Tiap perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan sehingga diperoleh 12 unit percobaan. Parameter yang di uji meliputi laju Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum dan kualitas air. Analisis data menggunakan one way ANOVA untuk melihat signifikasi pengaruh perlakuan terhadap Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum dan hasil uji Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum di analisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini memunjukkan kepadatan Skeletonema costatum tertinggi diperoleh pada pH 8 (26.667 sel/ml), kemudian pH 7 (13.333 sel/ml), pH 6 (11.000 sel/ml) dan Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum terendah pada pH 5 (10.000 sel/ml). Berdasarkan uji Anova, pH memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum (p<0,05) dengan perlakuan terbaik yakni pH 8.
Efektivitas Gel Lidah Buaya dengan Dosis Berbeda Untuk Pengobatan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus Carpio) Terinfeksi Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Takril  , Ansar Muhammad , Sakia Nur 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to determine the optimal dose of aloe vera gel for the treatment of infected common carp with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of infected spots, growth performance, Water quality were recorded for data collection. A Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications for each was applied for experimental design. One-way ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis and Tukey's test was used for posthoc test. The results showed that the highest changes in infected fish with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found in 20% of aloe vera gel treatment (89.78%) and followed by treatment was 15% (85.48%), 10% (82.69%), control (25.4%) respectively. This finding suggested that soaking aloe vera gel at a dose of 20% promote a high survival rate of treated fish
ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis lidah buaya yang optimal untuk pengobatan ikan mas yang terinfeksi penyakit Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Parameter yang diukur adalah perubahan titik jumlah infeksi bakteri, pertumbuhan, kualitas air dan kelangsungan hidup. Metode eksperimental dengan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan mempunyai 3 kali ulangan digunakan sebagai rancangan percobaan. One-way ANOVA digunakan untuk analisis statistik dan uji Tukey digunakan untuk uji lanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, Perubahan titik bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa ikan terinfeksi ditemukan pada perendaman gel lidah buaya 20 % dengan nilai 89,78, selanjutnya masing-masing perlakuan 15 % (85,48%), 10 % (82,69%), kontrol (25,4%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa perendaman gel lidah buaya dengan Dosis 20 % dapat meningkatkan kesembuhan pada ikan Mas
Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Pada Komoditas Perikanan yang Dilalulintaskan Antar Area dari Pintu Pengeluaran, Yogyakarta
Authors: Achmad Himawan 
Published: September 2022

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa resiko penyakit ikan yang memiliki potensi tinggi untuk menyebar melalui aktifitas lalu lintas komodtas ikan dari Yogyakarta ke berbagai pulau di Indonesia. Data dianalisa secara deskriptif dan dilakukan desk study terhadap berbagai peraturan perundangan serta temuan penyakit ikan terbaru yang telah menyebar di Pulau Jawa dan Yogyakarta. Dari 51 patogen yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah, tedapat 25 patogen terdiri dari 14 virus, 7 bakteri, 2 jamur, dan 2 parasit yang harus dikendalikan dan dicegah terjadinya wabah di Yogyakarta. Adapun dari ke-25 patogen tersebut terdapat 15 patogen (10 virus, 4 bakteri, dan 1 parasit) yang harus ditetapkan status bebas pada setiap pengiriman ikan keluar dari Yogyakarta melalui pengujian laboratorium sebagai dasar penerbitan sertifikat kesehatan ikan. Dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penyakit ikan yang harus diwaspadai di Yogyakarta meningkat dibandingkan periode sebelumnya, dimana hal ini menunjukkan peningkatan tingkat kewaspadaan Karantina Ikan Yogyakarta dalam mencegah sebaran PIK dari Yogyakarta.
ABSTRACT
The present study was to analyze disease risks that have a high probability to transmit via fisheries commodities frequently transported from Yogyakarta to other islands of Indonesia. Data were analyzed descriptively and a desk study was carried out on updated regulations and new discoveries relating to diseases already spread in Java Island up to the year 2021. Of the total 51 diseases concerned in the latest national regulations, there are 25 pathogens consisting of 14 viral, 7 bacterial, 2 fungal, and 2 parasitic diseases which must be controlled and prevented to cause outbreaks in Yogyakarta. Of the pathogens concerned in Yogyakarta or Java island, there are 10 viral, 4 bacterial, and 1 parasitic disease that must be strictly free of any consignments translocated from exit points of Yogyakarta by carrying out laboratory tests before a health certificate is issued. The study shows increases in the number of diseases to be concerned of, compared with the previous study, emphasizing vigilance and prudence of Fish quarantine of Yogyakarta in preventing the spread of diseases from Yogyakarta
Analisis Kesesuaian Kualitas Air Sungai Dalam Mendukung Kegiatan Budidaya Perikanan di Desa Batetangnga, Kecamatan Binuang, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat
Authors: Syahrul  , Muhammad Nur  , Fajriani  , Takril  , Fitriah Reski 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Batetangnga sebagai dasar kelayakan budidaya untuk usaha budidaya perikanan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2021, di Sungai Batetangnga, Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi Barat. Lokasi pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Muara sungai, Rawa Bangun, Salu pajaan dan Limbong Lopi. Pengukuran parameter fisik kimiawi meliputi suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, arus, kecerahan, amoniak dan fosfat. Metode pengukuran berdasarkan American Public Health Association (APHA). Data diolah dan dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan m/detik), kedalaman (25-40 cm), oksigen terlarut (6,3-7,9 mg/L), pH (7,2-8,0), amoniak dan fosfat (0,000 mg/L). m/detik, kedalaman 56-67 cm, oksigen terlarut 6,9-8,2 mg/L, pH 6,9-8,2, amoniak dan fosfat 0,00 mg/L. m/detik, kedalaman 31-42 cm, oksigen terlarut 6,2-6,3 mg/L, pH 7,5-8,3, amoniak 0,015 mg/L, dan fosfat 0,041 mg/L. m/detik, kedalaman 131-143 cm, oksigen terlarut 6,6-7,7 mg/L, pH 7,2-8,2, amoniak 0,005 mg/L, dan fosfat 0,000 mg/L. Secara umum kondisi perairan S. Batetangnga masih dalam kondisi optimal untuk budidaya ikan.
ABSTRACT
The present study aims to analyze the water quality of the Batetangnga River for aquaculture. This research was conducted from June to August 2021, in the Batetangnga River, Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi. Sampling locations were carried out in the Estuary of the river, Rawa Bangun, Salu Pajaan, and Limbong Lopi in Batetangnga village. Data was collected on temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, current, water clarity, ammonia and phosphate. The data is processed and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that station 1 (Estuary) obtained temperature (26.0-26.6○C), brightness (25-40 m), current velocity (0.2-0.3 m/sec), depth (25-40 m/sec). cm), dissolved oxygen (6.3-7.9 mg/L), pH (7.2-8.0), ammonia and phosphate (0.000 mg/L). station 2 (Rawabangun) obtained a temperature of 25.5-27.2○C, water clarity 56-67 m, current velocity 0.1 m per second, depth 56-67 cm, dissolved oxygen 6.9-8.2 mg/ L, pH 6.9-8.2, ammonia and phosphate 0.00 mg/L, respectively. At station 3 (Salu Pajaan) the temperature is 25.2-26.1○C, brightness is 30-42 m, current velocity is 0.2-0.3 m/sec, depth is 31-42 cm, dissolved oxygen is 6.2- 6.3 mg/L, pH 7.5-8.3, ammonia 0.015 mg/L, and phosphate 0.041 mg/L. At station 4 (Limbong lopi) the temperature is 24.7-25.5○C, brightness is 62-70 m, current velocity is 0.3-0.4 m/sec, depth is 131-143 cm, dissolved oxygen is 6.6- 7.7 mg/L, pH 7.2-8.2, ammonia 0.005 mg/L, and phosphate 0.000 mg/L. In general, the water quality of Batetangnga river is still in suitable condition for fish cultivation.
Pengembangan Perikanan dan Pemasaran Gurita (Octopus sp) di Makassar Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Selpiana  , Karim Mutemaina , Kantun Wayan 
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan strategi pengembangan perikanan dan pemasaran gurita di Makassar. Metode survey dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan pendekatan SWOT (Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 4 (empat) strategi pengembangan perikanan dan pemasaran gurita, yakni 1) Strategi SO dengan perluasan daerah penangkapan dengan sistem informasi yang baik dan peningkatan produksi tangkapan yang sesuai dengan permintaan pasar, 2) Strategi ST melalui penyelesaian potensi konflik dan implementasi peraturan serta persyaratan ekspor, 3) Strategi WO dengan opsi peningkatan akses permodalan, akses informasi, peningkatan pengetahuan, ketrampilan, kemampuan melakukan penanganan hasil tangkapan serta pemasaran. 4) Strategi WT melalui perluasan wilayah pemasaran dan perbaikan teknologi pengelolaan.
ABSTRACT
The present study aims to determine the strategy for fishery development and marketing of octopus commodity in Makassar. A survey Method was applied for data collection. A SWOT (Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats) approach was performed for data analysis. The results suggested four strategies for developing fisheries and octopus marketing, namely 1) SO strategy by expanding fishing areas with a good information system and increasing catch production in accordance with market demand, 2) ST strategy through resolving potential conflicts and implementing regulations and export requirements, 3) WO strategy with options to increase access to capital, information, knowledge, skills and marketing. 4) WT strategy through expansion of marketing area and improvement of management technology.