bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional regulation underlying the temperature response of embryonic development rate in the winter moth
Authors: van Dis Natalie E. , Risse Judith E. , Pijl Agata S. , Hut Roelof A. , Visser Marcel E. , Wertheim Bregje 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change will strongly affect the developmental timing of insects, as their development rate depends largely on ambient temperature. However, we know little about the genetic mechanisms underlying the temperature sensitivity of embryonic development in insects. We investigated embryonic development rate in the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), a species with egg dormancy which has been under selection due to climate change. We used RNA sequencing to investigate which genes are involved in the regulation of winter moth embryonic development rate in response to temperature. Over the course of development, we sampled eggs before and after an experimental change in ambient temperature, including two early development weeks when the temperature sensitivity of eggs is low and two late development weeks when temperature sensitivity is high. We found temperature‐responsive genes that responded in a similar way across development, as well as genes with a temperature response specific to a particular development week. Moreover, we identified genes whose temperature effect size changed around the switch in temperature sensitivity of development rate. Interesting candidate genes for regulating the temperature sensitivity of egg development rate included genes involved in histone modification, hormonal signalling, nervous system development and circadian clock genes. The diverse sets of temperature‐responsive genes we found here indicate that there are many potential targets of selection to change the temperature sensitivity of embryonic development rate. Identifying for which of these genes there is genetic variation in wild insect populations will give insight into their adaptive potential in the face of climate change.
MdZAT5 regulates drought tolerance via mediating accumulation of drought‐responsive miRNAs and mRNAs in apple
Authors: Bao Chana , Qin Gege , Cao Fuguo , He Jieqiang , Shen Xiaoxia , Chen Pengxiang , Niu Chundong , Zhang Dehui , Ren Tianyu , Zhi Fang , Ma Lei , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Drought limits apple yield and fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanism of apple in response to drought is not well known. Here, we report a Cys2/His2 (C2H2)‐type zinc‐finger protein, MdZAT5, that positively regulates apple drought tolerance by regulating drought‐responsive RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs).

DNA affinity purification and sequencing and yeast‐one hybrid analysis identified the binding motifs of MdZAT5, T/ACACT/AC/A/G. Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP‐qPCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that MdZAT5 directly binds to the promoters of the drought‐responsive genes including MdRHA2a, MdLEA14, MdTPX1, and MdCAT3, and activates their expression under drought stress.

MdZAT5 interacts with and directly targets HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (MdHYL1). MdZAT5 may facilitate the interaction of MdHYL1 with pri‐miRNAs or MdDCL1 by activating MdHYL1 expression, thereby regulating the biogenesis of drought‐responsive miRNAs. Genetic dissection showed that MdHYL1 is essential for MdZAT5‐mediated drought tolerance and miRNA biogenesis. In addition, ChIP‐qPCR and EMSA revealed that MdZAT5 binds directly to the promoters of some MIR genes including Mdm‐miR171i and Mdm‐miR172c, and modulates their transcription.

Taken together, our findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought response in apple and provide a candidate gene for the breeding of drought‐tolerant cultivars.
What are the reasons for abandonment of low vision devices prescribed in a large tertiary eye care centre?
Authors: Gothwal Vijaya K. , Sharma Sujata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate abandonment rates of near‐vision low vision devices (LVDs) and factors that influence abandonment among patients attending a tertiary low vision rehabilitation centre in South India.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty‐six adults with low vision completed the modified device abandonment survey 1 year following device prescription. The survey included six questions: possession of device, timing of last use, reasons for abandonment, tasks for which the device was used, payment type and change in quality of life (QoL) from device use. The primary outcome measure was abandonment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors for abandonment.ResultsThree hundred and twelve near‐vision devices were prescribed (mean, 1.09 device per patient.) Stand magnifiers (35%) followed by hand‐held magnifiers (24%) were most frequently prescribed. Mean logMAR visual acuity (Snellen) in the better‐seeing eye was 0.80 (6/38). Of the prescribed near‐vision devices, 22% (95% CI, 17 to 27) were abandoned. Patients who abandoned the device were significantly older than those who did not (49.3 ± 17.2 vs. 43.5 ± 18.1 years; p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, patients reporting no change in their QoL from device use had higher odds of abandoning the device (OR: 63.97; 95% CI, 23.77 to 172.12). Device‐related (31%) and psychological (30%) factors were the most frequent reasons for abandonment. Among device‐related issues, the most frequent reason was that patients felt the device was too complex to use (50%) followed by being too cumbersome to use (25%).ConclusionThe abandonment rate for near‐vision LVDs in South India was comparable with that reported in high‐income countries. Patients reporting no change in their QoL had a higher likelihood of abandoning the device compared with those who reported some change. Device‐related and psychological factors were the most frequent reasons for abandonment. These results can be used to develop strategies to improve compliance with use of devices.
Structural and mechanistic insights into the precise product synthesis by a bifunctional miltiradiene synthase
Authors: Tong Yuru , Ma Xiaoli , Hu Tianyuan , Chen Kang , Cui Guanghong , Su Ping , Xu Haifeng , Gao Wei , Jiang Tao , Huang Luqi 
Published: September 2022

SummarySelaginella moellendorffii miltiradiene synthase (SmMDS) is a unique bifunctional diterpene synthase (diTPS) that catalyses the successive cyclization of (E,E,E)‐geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) via (+)‐copalyl diphosphate (CPP) to miltiradiene, which is a crucial precursor of important medicinal compounds, such as triptolide, ecabet sodium and carnosol. Miltiradiene synthetic processes have been studied in monofunctional diTPSs, while the precise mechanism by which active site amino acids determine product simplicity and the experimental evidence for reaction intermediates remain elusive. In addition, how bifunctional diTPSs work compared to monofunctional enzymes is attractive for detailed research. Here, by mutagenesis studies of SmMDS, we confirmed that pimar‐15‐en‐8‐yl+ is an intermediate in miltiradiene synthesis. Moreover, we determined the apo‐state and the GGPP‐bound state crystal structures of SmMDS. By structure analysis and mutagenesis experiments, possible contributions of key residues both in class I and II active sites were suggested. Based on the structural and functional analyses, we confirmed the copal‐15‐yl+ intermediate and unveiled more details of the catalysis process in the SmMDS class I active site. Moreover, the structural and experimental results suggest an internal channel for (+)‐CPP produced in the class II active site moving towards the class I active site. Our research is a good example for intermediate identification of diTPSs and provides new insights into the product specificity determinants and intermediate transport, which should greatly facilitate the precise controlled synthesis of various diterpenes.
Metabolic engineering of p‐hydroxybenzoate in poplar lignin
Authors: Mottiar Yaseen , Karlen Steven D. , Goacher Robyn E. , Ralph John , Mansfield Shawn D. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryEster‐linked p‐hydroxybenzoate occurs naturally in poplar lignin as pendent groups that can be released by mild alkaline hydrolysis. These ‘clip‐off’ phenolics can be separated from biomass and upgraded into diverse high‐value bioproducts. We introduced a bacterial chorismate pyruvate lyase gene into transgenic poplar trees with the aim of producing more p‐hydroxybenzoate from chorismate, itself a metabolic precursor to lignin. By driving heterologous expression specifically in the plastids of cells undergoing secondary wall formation, this strategy achieved a 50% increase in cell‐wall‐bound p‐hydroxybenzoate in mature wood and nearly 10 times more in developing xylem relative to control trees. Comparable amounts also remained as soluble p‐hydroxybenzoate‐containing xylem metabolites, pointing to even greater engineering potential. Mass spectrometry imaging showed that the elevated p‐hydroxybenzoylation was largely restricted to the cell walls of fibres. Finally, transgenic lines outperformed control trees in assays of saccharification potential. This study highlights the biotech potential of cell‐wall‐bound phenolate esters and demonstrates the importance of substrate supply in lignin engineering.
Attachment, loneliness, and social connection as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A relational diathesis‐stress experience sampling study
Authors: Lewis Katie C. , Roche Michael J. , Brown Fiona , Tillman Jane G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionConcerns about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health have led to efforts to understand how pandemic‐specific factors, such as decreased social contact during periods of social distancing, may relate to suicide risk. The present study evaluated personality‐based risk factors and frequency of social contact as prospective predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) during the pandemic.MethodsWe tested a relational diathesis‐stress model of suicide focusing on insecure attachment, trait loneliness, and social contact as predictors of SI, using twice‐weekly survey data collected via smartphone from a community sample (n = 184) over 8 weeks.ResultsMultilevel modeling showed that both trait loneliness and anxious attachment predicted the prospective development of SI during the study period. Reduced in‐person contact, but not remote contact, was proximally associated with increased SI. Participants with high attachment avoidance were more likely to develop SI in the context of reduced daily in‐person contact compared to participants without these traits.ConclusionFindings support a relational diathesis‐stress model of suicide risk during the pandemic, showing that dispositional traits related to emotional connection with others predicted the relative salience of reduced social contact as a proximal risk factor for SI.
Trajectories of team and individual sports participation in childhood and links with internalizing problems
Authors: White‐Gosselin Charles‐Étienne , Poulin François , Denault Anne‐Sophie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this 5‐year longitudinal study is to identify trajectories of team and individual sports participation in childhood, and to compare these trajectories on different types of internalizing problems. Parents reported their children's annual sports participation from the ages of 6–10 (n = 785) and teachers reported internalizing problems (depression, anxiety, social withdrawal) at the beginning and at the end of this period. The study used latent class growth analyses to identify two trajectories of team sports and two trajectories of individual sports participation were identified: (1) high participation, and (2) low participation. Considering baseline level of internalizing problems and gender, children in the high participation team sports trajectory show significantly fewer depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal behaviors at age 10 than those in the low participation team sports trajectory. No differences between individual sports trajectories were observed. Comparison with joint trajectory groups partially confirmed these results but also showed that sustained participation in multiple individual sports could also be linked to decreased anxiety. Our findings suggest that participation in team sports should be encouraged to promote certain aspects of children's mental health.
Single‐incision drilling technique to achieve hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal metacarpus – complications and outcome in 207 foals with metacarpophalangeal varus deformities
Authors: Boorman Sophie , Rodgerson Dwayne H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the outcome of foals treated for metacarpophalangeal varus deformity with a single‐incision drilling technique for hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal lateral metacarpal physis.Study designRetrospective case–control cohort study.AnimalsThoroughbred foals (n= 207), 171 age‐ and sex‐matched maternal siblings.MethodsMedical records (2017‐2020) were reviewed for signalment, limb(s) treated, location of the surgery, and any reported complications. Follow‐up radiographs obtained for the yearling sale were assessed for abnormalities. Horses were matched to maternal siblings using an online database. Sales and racing performance data were compared between cohorts.ResultsThe average age at the time of surgery was 97 days. The treated limb was the left front in 52, right front in 31, both fronts in 119, unknown in 5. Three horses developed calcinosis circumscripta lesions adjacent to the physis, which were removed successfully. No radiographic abnormalities associated with the surgery site were detected on yearling prepurchase radiographs. There were no differences in sales and racing performance data between treated horses and maternal controls.ConclusionHemiepiphysiodesis is a safe and effective treatment for metacarpophalangeal varus deformities in foals. No negative effect on sales or racing performance was identified.Clinical significanceThis technique avoids risks, costs, and the need for second surgery associated with an orthopedic implant. The surgeon should be aware of the potential for development of a calcinosis circumscripta lesion with this technique.
Properties and modulation of excitatory inputs to the locus coeruleus
Authors: Barcomb Kelsey , Olah Samantha S. , Kennedy Matthew J. , Ford Christopher P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExcitatory inputs drive burst firing of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenaline (NA) neurons in response to a variety of stimuli. Though a small number of glutamatergic LC afferents have been investigated, the overall landscape of these excitatory inputs is largely unknown. The current study used an optogenetic approach to isolate three glutamatergic afferents: the prefrontal cortex (PFC), lateral hypothalamus (LH) and periaqueductal grey (PAG). AAV5‐DIO‐ChR2 was injected into each region in male and female CaMKII‐Cre mice and the properties of excitatory inputs on LC‐NA cells were measured. Notably we found differences among these inputs. First, the pattern of axonal innervation differed between inputs such that LH afferents were concentrated in the posterior portion of the LC‐NA somatic region while PFC afferents were denser in the medial dendritic region. Second, basal intrinsic properties varied for afferents, with LH inputs having the highest connectivity and the largest amplitude excitatory postsynaptic currents while PAG inputs had the lowest initial release probability. Third, while orexin and oxytocin had minimal effects on any input, dynorphin strongly inhibited excitatory inputs originating from the LH and PAG, and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) selectively inhibited inputs from the PAG. Overall, these results demonstrate that individual afferents to the LC have differing properties, which may contribute to the modularity of the LC and its ability to mediate various behavioural outcomes.
imageKey points
Excitatory inputs to the locus coeruleus (LC) are important for driving noradrenaline neuron activity and downstream behaviours in response to salient stimuli, but little is known about the functional properties of different glutamate inputs that innervate these neurons
We used a virus‐mediated optogenetic approach to compare glutamate afferents from the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the periaqueductal grey (PAG).
While PFC was predicted to make synaptic inputs, we found that the LH and PAG also drove robust excitatory events in LC noradrenaline neurons.
The strength, kinetics, and short‐term plasticity of each input differed as did the extent of neuromodulation by both dynorphin and corticotrophin releasing factor.
Thus each input displayed a unique set of basal properties and modulation by peptides. This characterization is an important step in deciphering the heterogeneity of the LC.
Zero Dynamics, Pendulum Models, and Angular Momentum in Feedback Control of Bipedal Locomotion
Authors: Gong Yukai , Grizzle Jessy W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low-dimensional models are ubiquitous in the bipedal robotics literature. On the one hand is the community of researchers that bases feedback control design on pendulum models selected to capture the center of mass dynamics of the robot during walking. On the other hand is the community that bases feedback control design on virtual constraints, which induce an exact low-dimensional model in the closed-loop system. In the first case, the low-dimensional model is valued for its physical insight and analytical tractability. In the second case, the low-dimensional model is integral to a rigorous analysis of the stability of walking gaits in the full-dimensional model of the robot. This paper seeks to clarify the commonalities and differences in the two perspectives for using low-dimensional models. In the process of doing so, we argue that angular momentum about the contact point is a better indicator of robot state than linear velocity. Concretely, we show that an approximate (pendulum and zero dynamics) model parameterized by angular momentum provides better predictions for foot placement on a physical robot (e.g., legs with mass) than does a related approximate model parameterized in terms of linear velocity. We implement an associated angular-momentum-based controller on Cassie, a 3D robot, and demonstrate high agility and robustness in experiments.
Analytical Solution to Time-Periodic Electro-Osmotic Flow of Generalized Maxwell Fluids in Parallel Plate Microchannel With Slip-Dependent Zeta Potential
Authors: Nath Ashim Jyoti , Roy Pulak , Banerjee Debanjan , Pati Sukumar , Randive Pitambar R. , Biswas Pankaj 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this technical brief, we report the flow characteristics of a time-periodic electrokinetically mediated flow of generalized Maxwell fluid through a straight planar microchannel considering the interfacial slip effect on surface potential. Critical values of Reynolds number are obtained at different relaxation times where flow reversal initialization occurs in the core region of the microchannel. Thinner electrical double layer results in higher velocity amplitude, which is further amplified for apparent zeta potential. Moreover, dissimilar zeta potentials result in the asymmetrical amplitude of the velocity near and away from the walls of the microchannel at higher Reynolds numbers. The value of the volumetric flow rate oscillates with the relaxation time for the apparent and the true zeta potential.
Real Time Micro Gas Turbines Performance Assessment Tool: Comprehensive Transient Behavior Prediction With Computationally Effective Techniques
Authors: Gaitanis Aggelos , Contino Francesco , De Paepe Ward 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conventional centralized power generation is increasingly transforming into a more distributed structure. The periodic power production that is created by the renewable production unit generates the need for small-scale heat and power units. One of the promising technologies which can assist flexible power grid is micro gas turbines (mGTs). Such engines are competent candidates for small-scale combined heat and power (CHP). mGTs, as compensators for demand fluctuations, are required to work on transient and part-load conditions, creating new research challenges. A complete characterization of their dynamic behavior through a real-time simulation tool is necessary to establish effective control systems. Moreover, the energy transition requires the conversion of conventional mGTs to more sophisticated high-efficient cycles with the addition of extra components (saturation unit, aftercooler, etc.). Consequently, a modular and computationally fast real-time tool offers an asset in the development of future cycles based on the mGT concept. This paper presents the development of a numerical in-house tool implemented in Python programing language for the performance prediction of the mGT. The fundamental target of our work is to achieve high fidelity of the simulated dynamic responses. The key benefit of this tool is the low complexity component modules. The model is validated with experimental results from the VUB T100 test rig. The code reproduces the experimental data well during steady-state and transient operations as the key cycle parameters present a deviation from the measurements within the range of 1.5%.
Static and Rotordynamic Characteristics for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Spiral Groove Dry Gas Seal With the Tilted Seal Ring
Authors: Yuan Tao , Li Zhigang , Li Jun , Yuan Qi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) Brayton cycle has been widely used as a substitute for traditional steam cycles. As one of the key components of power-dense turbomachines, dry gas seal (DGS) has been considered one of the most suitable dynamic seal options due to its superior sealing performance. In this paper, considering the installation errors and external disturbances of the shaft end seal in a 14 MW supercritical carbon dioxide turbine, a comprehensive numerical study was conducted on the seal static and rotordynamic characteristics for four dry gas seal designs with different coning displacements. To account for the real gas effect of SCO2, a table lookup program was used to obtain the physics properties of CO2 under supercritical conditions based on the database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A frequency-dependent rotordynamic coefficients stiffness damping model (KC model) for SCO2 DGS and the mesh deformation technique were adapted to analyze the rotordynamic performance of the designed DGS. Steady-state numerical results of leakage rate, opening force, and steady film stiffness were analyzed and compared under four coning displacements. Transient numerical results of rotordynamic force coefficients were analyzed and studied under four coning displacement ratios and 10 vibration frequencies. Results show that the increase in coning displacement causes a 20% rise in leakage rate and a 2.4% increase in opening force. The tilted seal ring results in a maximum 30%–84% variation of the dynamic stiffness and greatly influences the damping coefficient. From a comprehensive view, the tilt of the seal rings brings undesired influences on both the static and rotor dynamic performance of SCO2 DGS. The distortion of the seal rings due to installation errors and other disturbances should be avoided as far as possible in SCO2 DGSs.