bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Fluoroscopic-Guided Sclerotherapy for Vulvoperineal Varices: An Experience in 70 Patients
Authors: Tawab Karim A. Abd El , Hagag Mohamed A. A. , Khafagy Rana T. M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous vulvoperineal varices sclerotherapy using 2% polidocanol foam under fluoroscopic guidance.
Subjects and Methods This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 70 patients treated between June 2020 and November 2021, with a mean age of 31 years (range: 24–42 years). All patients were not pregnant with residual vulvoperineal varices after embolization of their refluxing tributaries of the ovarian vein and/or internal iliac veins presenting with vulvoperineal heaviness/pain with or without lower limb varicosities. Technical and clinical successes together with procedural complications were assessed.
Results The technical success rate was 100%. No minor or major complications have been reported. Follow-up was at 1 week, 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post sclerotherapy. Clinical success was observed in all patients with improvement in their symptoms.
Conclusion Direct fluoroscopic-guided sclerotherapy for vulvoperineal varices offers a safe and effective treatment option with the ability of visualization and embolization of the pelvic leak points to avoid recurrence.
Biomedical Waste Management-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among Clinical Dental Undergraduates in State of Punjab in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bawa Ramninder , Khurana Danish , Girdhar Puneet , Verma Nitin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Dental operatories generate a large amount of biomedical waste, and improper management of this waste poses a threat to all sections of society. Hence, being a dental practitioner, one must ensure proper management and handling of health care waste.
Aims and Objectives This study aims to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, and Amendments, 2018 and 2019, among clinical undergraduates in dental colleges of the state of Punjab in India.
Settings and Design A cross-sectional study. The study was performed among 845 clinical undergraduates in dental institutes of Punjab.
Materials and Methods The methodologies used were descriptive statistics and nonparametric techniques using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results Only 47% dental students have adequate knowledge and 48% students show positive attitude toward biomedical waste management. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Whereas, only 34% students were practicing these rules in the correct manner and this is found to be statistically insignificant. Also, the city of Ludhiana is the model district for the implementation of the Environmentally Sound Management of Medical Wastes project by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and dental students of institutions involved in this project were found to be most aware about these rules among other institutes in Punjab.
Conclusion The current study suggests that the knowledge and implementation of biomedical waste management practices among dental students in the state of Punjab are not adequate. It also suggests that including dental institutions in model projects of biomedical wastes will raise awareness regarding the same exponentially.
Impact of a Vendor-Developed Opioid Clinical Decision Support Intervention on Adherence to Prescribing Guidelines, Opioid Prescribing, and Rates of Opioid-Related Encounters
Authors: Pierce Robert P. , Eskridge Bernie , Ross Brandi , Wright Matthew , Selva Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Provider prescribing practices contribute to an excess of opioid-related deaths in the United States. Clinical guidelines exist to assist providers with improving prescribing practices and promoting patient safety. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) may promote adherence to these guidelines and improve prescribing practices. The aim of this project was to improve opioid guideline adherence, prescribing practices, and rates of opioid-related encounters through the implementation of an opioid CDSS.
Methods A vendor-developed, provider-targeted CDSS package was implemented in a multi-location academic health center. An interrupted time-series analysis was performed, evaluating 30 weeks pre- and post-implementation time periods. Outcomes were derived from vendor-supplied key performance indicators and directly from the electronic health record (EHR) database. Opioid-prescribing outcomes included count of opioid prescriptions, morphine milligram equivalents per prescription, counts of opioids with concurrent benzodiazepines, and counts of short-acting opioids in opioid-naïve patients. Encounter outcomes included rates of encounters for opioid abuse and dependence and rates of encounters for opioid poisoning and overdose. Guideline adherence outcomes included rates of provision of naloxone and documentation of opioid treatment agreements.
Results The opioid CDSS generated an average of 1,637 alerts per week. Rates of provision of naloxone and opioid treatment agreements improved after CDSS implementation. Vendor-supplied prescribing outcomes were consistent with prescribing outcomes derived directly from the EHR, but all prescribing and encounter outcomes were unchanged.
Conclusion A vendor-developed, provider-targeted opioid CDSS did not improve opioid-prescribing practices or rates of opioid-related encounters. The CDSS improved some measures of provider adherence to opioid-prescribing guidelines. Further work is needed to determine the optimal configuration of opioid CDSS so that opioid-prescribing patterns are appropriately modified and encounter outcomes are improved.
Producing knowledge in a pandemic: Accounts from UK-based postdoctoral biomedical scientists of undertaking research during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beverstock Jamie , Pickersgill Martyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile far from the first pandemic to impact knowledge-production, the widely constructed singularity of the biosocial ramifications of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has produced a set of epistemic and social circumstances that are experienced by many as unique. In relation to biomedical research these include the reworking of the social, spatial, and temporal organisation of science through lab closures and social distancing requirements. Drawing on a small number of qualitative interviews rapidly conducted during a 2021 ‘lockdown’, this exploratory article reflects on how COVID-19 has shaped the research of postdoctoral UK-based biomedical scientists. We consider: (a) how challenges are constructed and negotiated, and (b) in relation to these, scientists’ account of why researchers might (not) ‘pivot’ towards COVID-19. Accordingly, this paper indicates how the experiential conditions stimulated by the pandemic interact with pre-existing professional discourses within biomedical science—e.g., in relation to funding and career strategy—to inform and delimit knowledge-production, and to substantiate particular practices. We suggest some of the ways in which future studies might develop our provisional findings to cast new light on the effects of the pandemic on biomedicine, as well as on the entangled social, economic, and epistemic dynamics of science more generally.
Two-dimensional displacement sensors with angstrom-scale resolution based on optical slot antenna arrays
Authors: He Axin , Gao Baowei , Xu Yi , Zhang Tongzhou , Zhang Jiasen 
Published: April 2022

Optical displacement sensing with high resolution and noncontact detection plays an important role in nanometrology, nanofabrication, and super-resolution microscopy. However, displacement sensing along an arbitrary direction in a two-dimensional (2D) plane with angstrom-level precision remains challenging. Here, we propose a 2D displacement sensor composed of eight optical slot antennas. A tightly focused laser beam is illuminated upon the antennas. The amplitudes and phases of the output radiation of the antennas are controlled by geometries. The intensity distribution of the output far-field radiation, which strongly depends on the relative position between the focal spot of the incident light and the antennas, was used to retrieve the 2D coordinates of any location in a plane. A resolution as high as 0.88 nm was obtained. We also show a method for improving displacement sensitivity by designing the destructive interference among the radiation of the antennas. The angstrom-scale resolution and arbitrary point localization, along with the nanoscale size, pave the way for the development of high-performance sensing, integrated photonic circuits, and on-chip signal processing.
Spin–phonon coupling in ferrimagnet spinel CoMn2O4
Authors: Poojitha Bommareddy , Shaji Aswin , Badola Shalini , Saha Surajit 
Published: April 2022

Coupling of material properties provides new fundamental insights and possibilities toward multifunctional devices. The spinel structures display strong coupling between different order parameters, as a consequence, exhibiting many fascinating properties, such as multiferroicity and superconductivity. Here, we have investigated the structural, magnetic, and vibrational properties of mixed-spinel CoMn2O4 stabilized in distorted tetragonal structures as evidenced from x-ray diffraction measurements. Magnetization measurements reveal two ferrimagnetic phase transitions at 185 and 90 K. Raman scattering measurements reveal the renormalization of phonon parameters for a few phonon modes at low temperatures, arising from spin–phonon coupling. The obtained value for λS2 is ∼2 cm−1. The strength of spin–phonon coupling (λ) is estimated according to the spins involved in the corresponding lattice vibrations and discussed.
Barely fluorescent molecules. II. Twin-discharge jet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of HSnBr and DSnBr
Authors: Rothschopf Gretchen , Cardon Joseph M. , Smith Tony C. , Clouthier Dennis J. 
Published: April 2022

HSnBr and DSnBr have been detected for the first time by a combination of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), fluorescence hole-burning, and wavelength resolved emission spectroscopies. The transient molecules were produced in a twin-discharge jet using separate precursor streams of SnH4/SnD4 and HBr/DBr, both diluted in high pressure argon. The Ã1A″–X̃1A′ spectrum of HSnBr only consists of the 000 and 201 cold bands that show clearly resolved subband structure with fluorescence lifetimes varying from 526 to 162 ns. The DSnBr LIF spectrum exhibits four bands (000, 201, 202, and 101) whose fluorescence lifetimes decrease from 525 ns (00) to 175 ns (11). Single vibronic level emission spectra have provided extensive information on the ground state vibrations, including all the anharmonicities and the harmonic frequencies. Fluorescence hole-burning experiments have shown that a few higher HSnBr nonfluorescent levels are very short-lived but still detectable. The ab initio studies of Tarroni and Clouthier [J. Chem. Phys. 156, 064304 (2022)] show that these molecules dissociate into SnBr + H on the excited state potential surface and this is the cause of the short fluorescence lifetimes and breaking off of the LIF spectra. HSnBr is a barely fluorescent molecule in the sense that only vibrational levels less than or equal to 317 cm−1 in the excited state emit detectable photons down to the ground state.
Geometric control of topological dynamics in a singing saw
Authors: Shankar Suraj , Bryde Petur , Mahadevan L. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The ability to sustain notes or vibrations underlies the design of most acoustic devices, ranging from musical instruments to nanomechanical resonators. Inspired by the singing saw that acquires its musical quality from its blade being unusually bent, we ask how geometry can be used to trap and insulate acoustic modes from dissipative decay in a continuum elastic medium. By using experiments and theoretical and numerical analysis, we demonstrate that spatially varying curvature in a thin shell can localize topologically protected modes at inflection lines, akin to exotic edge states in topological insulators. A key feature is the ability to geometrically control both spatial localization and the dynamics of oscillations in thin shells. Our work uncovers an unusual mechanism for designing robust, yet reconfigurable, high-quality resonators across scales.
Competitiveness among Nandi female husbands
Authors: Palacios-Huerta Ignacio 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Differences in competitiveness between men and women have been hypothesized as a potential explanation for important differences in education and labor market outcomes. Central to the literature is whether these differences are innate or learned. I take advantage of the distinct cultural institution of “female husbands” (biologically females but socially men) in the Nandi society in Kenya to study this question. By keeping biological sex constant, holding the society constant, but altering the social gender at an adult age, this unique setting advances our understanding of these differences. Specifically, the results support the hypothesis that competitive inclinations are channeled through social roles and the family. Social norms and social identity critically matter to tackle differences between men and women directly.
Interhemispheric antiphasing of neotropical precipitation during the past millennium
Authors: Steinman Byron A. , Stansell Nathan D. , Mann Michael E. , Cooke Colin A. , Abbott Mark B. , Vuille Mathias , Bird Broxton W. , Lachniet Matthew S. , Fernandez Alejandro 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Understanding Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) responses to external forcing is critical for predicting climate change in a warming world. We analyzed paleoclimate records of precipitation change in the neotropics and climate model simulations that span the preindustrial last millennium to assess ITCZ behavior on multicentury timescales. Our results demonstrate that the ITCZ shifted southward during the Little Ice Age in the Atlantic basin in response to relative cooling of the Northern Hemisphere driven by volcanic forcing. This finding contrasts with studies suggesting that changes in ITCZ width and/or strength, rather than a change in mean position, occurred during the Little Ice Age. This reinforces the idea that ITCZ responses to external forcing are region specific.
Uncovering the structure of metaphorical lay theories of teaching II
Authors: Wong Michelle , Flusberg Stephen J. , Hard Bridgette Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Metaphor plays a critical role in how people communicate and conceptualize complex activities like teaching. For example, a professor might be described as molding impressionable students (teacher as a sculptor), or helping students grow (teacher as a gardener). Prior research has largely focused on what metaphors like these communicate about the role of teachers, but many teaching metaphors simultaneously describe the role of students (e.g., students as clay; students as plants). We aimed to extend previous work with a recently developed method for mapping the structure of metaphorical concepts to examine the metaphorical entailments associated with students, rather than teachers. We presented participants recruited online with one of four common metaphors for the teacher-student relationship and found that different metaphors consistently bring to mind distinct, coherent clusters of student attributes and different intuitions about teacher and student responsibility and power – a finding we replicated with a larger sample and pre-registered analysis. Together with previous findings, this research suggests that teaching metaphors can efficiently capture and communicate structured beliefs about both teacher and student attributes.
Combatting Climate Change, Supporting Biodiversity Conservation and Benefitting Local People at Mombo, Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Spenceley Anna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mombo Camp is located on Chief’s Island in the Moremi Game Reserve within the Okavango Delta of Botswana. This case study explains how the camp has dramatically reduced its carbon emissions by converting its power from diesel generators to 100% solar energy, and made substantial contributions to black and white rhino re-introductions in the country. Through its lease fees, employment, and procurement, the lodge has also made substantial contributions to the local and national economy during the course of its concession period.

Information
Snyman, S. and Spenceley, A. (2019) Private Sector Tourism in Conservation Areas in Africa, CABI
© CAB International 2022
Positive school environment, sustainable behaviour and well-being among higher education students (Ambiente escolar positivo, conducta sostenible ybienestar en estudiantes de educación superior)
Authors: Valenzuela-García Beatriz , Cabrera Iraís , Frías Martha , Corral-Frías Nadia 
Published: April 2022

A positive school environment (PSE) could enhance student well-being and promote sustainable behaviour (SB). However, there is little research on PSEs in universities. In order to explore the relationships between PSE, SB and well-being, and to test the psychometric properties of the instruments used, we conducted research with asample of 285 undergraduate and graduate students ( M= 21.63 years of age; SD = 3.91). We calculated descriptive statistics (univariate by scale/item and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients) and inferential statistics (Spearman’s rho coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, covariances between constructs, also testing amodel of structural equations). The findings indicated that the scales were reliable (α > .60) and that, for the most part, they showed convergent and discriminatory validity. Furthermore, the expected theoretical relationships were confirmed: PSE was directly and positively related to SB and well-being, and the latter was also significantly affected by SB. This evidence could help to formulate public policies and programmes aimed at creating positive university environments.
Nonlinear master relation in microscopic mechanical response of semiflexible biopolymer networks
Authors: Honda N , Shiraki K , van Esterik F , Inokuchi S , Ebata H , Mizuno D 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A network of semiflexible biopolymers, known as the cytoskeleton, and molecular motors play fundamental mechanical roles in cellular activities. The cytoskeletal response to forces generated by molecular motors is profoundly linked to physiological processes. However, owing to the highly nonlinear mechanical properties, the cytoskeletal response on the microscopic level is largely elusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the microscopic mechanical response of semiflexible biopolymer networks by conducting microrheology (MR) experiments. Micrometer-sized colloidal particles, embedded in semiflexible biopolymer networks, were forced beyond the linear regime at a variety of conditions by using feedback-controlled optical trapping. This high-bandwidth MR technology revealed an affine elastic response, which showed stiffening upon local forcing. After scaling the stiffening behaviors, with parameters describing semiflexible networks, a collapse onto a single master curve was observed. The physics underlying the general microscopic response is presented to justify the collapse, and its potentials/implications to elucidate cell mechanics is discussed.
On lowest-lying 1/2− octet baryons *
Authors: Chen Chang , Niu Wen-Qi , Zheng Han-Qing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recently proposed

baryon is studied in a flavor

scheme with K-matrix unitarization, by fitting to low-energy cross section and phase shift data. It is found that

co-exists with low-lying poles in other channels, which have been extensively discussed in the literature, though they belong to different octets in the

limit. Hence, the existence of

is further verified.
Cellular studies and sustained drug delivery via nanostructures fabricated on 3D printed porous Neovius lattices of Ti6Al4V ELI
Authors: Singh Sonu , Vashisth Priya , Meena Vijay Kumar , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Site-specific drug delivery has the potential to reduce drug dosage by 3- to 5-folds. Given the propensity of drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis and cancers, the increased drug dosages via oral ingestion for several months to a few years of medication is often detrimental to the health of patients. In this study, the sustained delivery of drugs with multiscale structured novel Neovius lattices was achieved. 3D Neovius open cell lattices (NOCL) with porosities of 40%, 45%, and 50% were fabricated layer-by-layer on the laser bed fusion process. Micron-sized Ti6Al4V ELI powder was used for 3D printing. The Young’s modulus achieved from the novel Neovius lattices were in the range of 1.2–1.6 GPa, which is comparable to human cortical bone and helps to improve implant failure due to the stress shielding effect. To provide sustained drug delivery, nanotubes (NTs) were fabricated on NOCLs via high-voltage anodization. The osteogenic agent icariin was loaded onto the NOCL-NT samples and their release profiles were studied for 7 d. A significantly steady and slow release rate of 0.05% per hour of the drug was achieved using NOCL-NT. In addition, the initial burst release of NOCL-NT was 4 fold lower than that of the open-cell lattices without NTs. Cellular studies using MG63 human osteoblast-like cells were performed to determine their biocompatibility and osteogenesis which were analyzed using Calcein AM staining and Alamar Blue after 1, 5, and 7 d. 3D printed NOCL samples with NTs and with Icariin loaded NTs demonstrated a significant increase in cell proliferation as compared to as printed NOCL samples.