bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the approaches taken around the world to whale euthanasia
Authors: Stringfellow H , Butterworth A , Simmonds MP 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe stranding of cetaceans raises significant welfare and associated logistical issues. A survey of opinions on euthanasia methods based on the recommendations of an International Whaling Commission (IWC) workshop was conducted. Descriptive statistics showed that the workshop recommendations were generally supported and understood, and these included the use of specific euthanasia techniques, but important barriers to adherence were identified, including lack of governmental support, lack of resources, and lack of experienced or trained personnel. Conjoint analysis of factors identified that ‘time to death’ was considered the most important determinant of welfare outcome. In view of the findings of this study, it is recommended that the IWC should consider creating a training programme for responders (both veterinary and non-veterinary) to ensure that trained personnel are available who can implement timely and tailored euthanasia techniques, if required, when strandings occur. Further research on this topic is also advocated to ensure a better understanding of what is being applied in different nations.
The owner-bird relationship: Relevance for pet bird welfare
Authors: Burmeister A-K , Drasch K , Rinder M , Prechsl S , Peschel A , Korbel R , Saam NJ 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmpathy and anthropomorphism, well-established components of the human-pet relationship, are considered to be especially related to pet animal welfare. We have developed a systematic and standardised approach to explore the effect of the human-pet relationship on animal welfare, focusing on pet birds. Based on a data set measuring the owner-bird relationship as well as bird welfare, cluster analysis and multivariate regressions were used to identify empirical types of bird owners and analyse their effect on bird welfare. Five empirical types of bird owners were identified based on the multi-dimensional relationship between owner and bird which consisted of: (i) the closeness-appreciating anthropomorphising owner; (ii) the closeness-appreciating socially supported owner; (iii) the anthropomorphising socially supported owner; (iv) the inattentive owner; and (v) the distance-appreciating owner. These differed in terms of the owner's tendency to anthropomorphism, the social support the bird provides to the owner, the empathy, attentiveness and respect of the owner towards the bird, and the bird's relationship with the owner. In particular, the inattentive type, but also both anthropomorphising types, raised serious questions as to the well-being of the pet bird. We found significant correlations to bird behaviour, such as imprinting aspects, aggressiveness towards humans, conspecifics and other pet animals, as well as behavioural disorders, such as locomotor stereotypies, courtship behaviour towards humans and feather-plucking.
miR-148a-3p inhibits the proliferation and migration of bladder cancer via regulating the expression of ROCK-1
Authors: Xu Chao , Zhou Guanwen , Sun Zhuang , Zhang Zhaocun , Zhao Haifeng , Jiang Xianzhou 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
To investigate the mechanism of miR-148a-3p regulating the proliferation and migration of bladder tumor cells.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a preliminary study to detect the relative expression of miR-148a-3p in bladder cancer and para-cancerous tissue samples. Three bladder tumor cell lines, T24, 5,637 and UM-UC-3, were selected. The expression levels of miR-148a-3p were artificially regulated with miR-148a-3p mimics and the miR-148a-3p inhibitor. The relative expression levels of miR-148a-3p in the samples of each cell line were determined. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell proliferation, while the effect of the miR-148a-3p mimics and inhibitor on tumor cell migration was detected by wound healing assay. Flow cytometry assay was carried out to explore the effect of miR-148a-3p on cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed in order to verify miR-148a-3p’s target gene. The expressions of ROCK-1 and Bcl-2 were analyzed by western blot.

Results
The relative expression of miR-148a-3p in tumor and adjacent tissues was assessed with qRT-PCR (P < 0.05) and found to be significantly lower in the tumor tissues than the adjacent tissues. The data obtained from the CCK-8 and wound healing assay showed that intracellular transfection of miR-148a-3p mimics could inhibit cell proliferation and migration, while the miR-148a-3p inhibitor promoted them. Overexpression of miR-148a-3p promoted cell apoptosis in the T24 and 5,637 cell lines. The dual-luciferase reporter assay verified that ROCK-1 is a direct target of miR-148a-3p. Western blot showed that miR-148a-3p overexpression downregulated the expression of ROCK-1 and Bcl-2, while miR-148a-3p knockdown upregulated the expression of ROCK-1 and Bcl-2.

Conclusions
We confirmed that miR-148a-3p was significantly decreased in bladder cancer cells. miR-148a-3p overexpression inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration, whereas miR-148a-3p knockdown promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, we found that ROCK-1 was a downstream target of miR-148a-3p. We also found that miR-148a-3p induced cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2. However, the deeper mechanism of this regulatory relationship needs further study.
The performance of body mass component indices in detecting risk of musculoskeletal injuries in physically active young men and women
Authors: Domaradzki Jarosław , Koźlenia Dawid 
Published: January 2022

Background
Body composition indices can be related to musculoskeletal injuries (MI), particularly in physically active groups. However, little is known about the accuracy of these diagnoses as potential predictors of musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, this study aims to indicate the cut-off points of relative body mass (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMI), and muscle to fat ratio (MFR) and establish its reliability in injury prediction for physically active men and women.

Methods
The sample included 119 physically active individuals aged 23.72 ± 1.12 (66 men body height 1.79 ± 0.07 (m); body weight 80.51 ± 9.85 (kg) and 53 women body height 1.67 ± 0.08 (m); body weight 62 ± 10.72 (kg)), students at university of physical education in Poland. The participants’ physical activity was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The relevance of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and muscle to fat ratio (MFR) in detecting injury risk was examined. Musculoskeletal injuries during 1 year before examination were registered using a self-reporting questionnaire. The areas under the curve (AUC) and Youden Index in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were calculated.

Results
The cut-off points used to classify the indices among men were BMI = 24.38; FMI = 3.74; SMI = 16.40; MFR = 3.70; and for women BMI = 20.90; FMI = 4.17; SMI = 8.96; MFR = 1.67. Results suggested the greatest reliability in the prediction of musculoskeletal injuries among men had BMI (AUC = 0.623; Youden = 0.30) and SMI (AUC = 0.608; Youden = 0.23) whereas among women, MFR (AUC = 0.628; Youden = 0.29) and FMI (AUC = 0.614; Youden = 0.32).

Conclusion
BMI and SMI are the most appropriate indices to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injury in physically active men, whereas in women, MFR and FMI are more reliable. These results indicate that the indices with more muscle mass meaning are better in predicting injury among men. In contrast, indices with a higher contribution of fat are better for women. It indicates sex differentiation of injury risk conditions. Men should focus on developing muscle mass, whereas women should reduce body fat to decrease injury risk. However, widespread use seemed to be limited to the specific examined group. Therefore, cut-off points should be used with caution, and calculated values should be verified and confirmed in subsequent studies.
Drug‐refractory myasthenia gravis: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome
Authors: Cortés‐Vicente Elena , Álvarez‐Velasco Rodrigo , Pla‐Junca Francesc , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard , Paradas Carmen , Sevilla Teresa , Casasnovas Carlos , Gómez‐Caravaca María Teresa , Pardo Julio , Ramos‐Fransi Alba , Pelayo‐Negro Ana Lara , Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez Gerardo , Turon‐Sans Janina , López de Munain Adolfo , Guerrero‐Sola Antonio , Jericó Ivonne , Martín María Asunción , Mendoza María Dolores , Morís Germán , Vélez‐Gómez Beatriz , Garcia‐Sobrino Tania , Pascual‐Goñi Elba , Reyes‐Leiva David , Illa Isabel , Gallardo Eduard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine the effectiveness and side effects of the drugs used for their treatment.MethodsThis observational retrospective cross‐sectional multicenter study was based on data from the Spanish MG Registry (NMD‐ES). Patients were considered refractory when their MG Foundation of America post‐interventional status (MGFA‐PIS) was unchanged or worse after corticosteroids and two or more other immunosuppressive agents. Clinical and immunologic characteristics of drug‐refractory patients, efficiency and toxicity of drugs used, and outcome (MGFA‐PIS) at end of follow‐up were studied.ResultsWe included 990 patients from 15 hospitals. Eighty‐four patients (68 of 842 anti‐acetylcholine receptor [AChR], 5 of 26 anti‐muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase [MusK], 10 of 120 seronegative, and 1 of 2 double‐seropositive patients) were drug refractory. Drug‐refractory patients were more frequently women (p < 0.0001), younger at onset (p < 0.0001), and anti‐MuSK positive (p = 0.037). Moreover, they more frequently presented a generalized form of the disease, bulbar symptoms, and life‐threatening events (p < 0.0001; p = 0.018; and p = 0.002, respectively) than non‐drug‐refractory patients. Mean follow‐up was 9.8 years (SD 4.5). Twenty‐four (50%) refractory patients had side effects to one or more of the drugs. At the end of follow‐up, 42.9% of drug‐refractory patients (42.6% of anti‐AChR, 100% of anti‐MuSK, and 10% of seronegative patients) and 79.8% of non‐drug‐refractory patients (p < 0.0001) achieved remission or had minimal manifestations. Eighty percent of drug‐refractory‐seronegative patients did not respond to any drug tested.InterpretationIn this study, 8.5% of MG patients were drug‐refractory. New more specific drugs are needed to treat drug‐refractory MG patients.
Observer‐based guaranteed cost control for IT‐2 stochastic fuzzy coupled neural networks with Markov switching topology
Authors: Arumugam Karthick , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Liu Yurong 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis study focuses on the guaranteed cost control problem for interval type‐2 stochastic fuzzy coupled neural networks (NNs) elicited by the observer framework with Markov switching topology, external disturbances, and quantization effect. In particular, the guaranteed cost controller is developed with an upper bound of the guaranteed cost function and also ensures stability of the addressed networks. Also, the integration of lower and upper membership functions are incorporated to relax the stability condition of the networks. Notably, the randomness phenomena are incorporated by the agency of stochastic variables that satisfies the Bernoulli distribution characteristics. Specifically, the state feedback controller considered with quantization effect is designed through undirected communication graph subject to Markov switching topology. In consequence with Lyapunov–Krasovskii‐functional and algebraic graph theory, sufficient conditions are established to assure the stochastic stabilization of the NNs with some specified cost value. Explicitly, the optimal upper bound of the guaranteed cost function and the controller gain fluctuations of the state and the observer are effectuated through the developed conditions. Finally, the reduced conservatism and efficiency of the proposed analytical design are demonstrated through a numerical example.
Conductive Materials with Elaborate Micro/Nanostructures for Bioelectronics
Authors: Guo Jiahui , Wang Yu , Zhang Hui , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBioelectronics, an emerging field with the mutual penetration of biological systems and electronic sciences, allows the quantitative analysis of complicated biosignals together with the dynamic regulation of fateful biological functions. In this area, the development of conductive materials with elaborate micro/nanostructures has been of great significance to the improvement of high‐performance bioelectronic devices. Thus, here, a comprehensive and up‐to‐date summary of relevant research studies on the fabrication and properties of conductive materials with micro/nanostructures and their promising applications and future opportunities in bioelectronic applications is presented. In addition, a critical analysis of the current opportunities and challenges regarding the future developments of conductive materials with elaborate micro/nanostructures for bioelectronic applications is also presented.
A Metabolic Reprogramming Amino Acid Polymer as an Immunosurveillance Activator and Leukemia Targeting Drug Carrier for T‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Li Changzheng , You Xinru , Xu Xi , Wu Binghuo , Liu Yuye , Tong Tong , Chen Jie , Li Yishan , Dai Chunlei , Ye Zhitao , Tian Xiaobin , Wei Yan , Hao Zechen , Jiang Linjia , Wu Jun , Zhao Meng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompromised immunosurveillance leads to chemotherapy resistance and disease relapse of hematological malignancies. Amino acid metabolism regulates immune responses and cancer; however, a druggable amino acid metabolite to enhance antitumor immunosurveillance and improve leukemia targeting‐therapy efficacy remains unexplored. Here, an L‐phenylalanine polymer, Metabolic Reprogramming Immunosurveillance Activation Nanomedicine (MRIAN), is invented to effectively target bone marrow (BM) and activate the immune surveillance in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) by inhibiting myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in T‐ALL murine model. Stable‐isotope tracer and in vivo drug distribution experiments show that T‐ALL cells and MDSCs have enhanced cellular uptake of L‐phenylalanine and MRIANs than normal hematopoietic cells and progenitors. Therefore, MRIAN assembled Doxorubicin (MRIAN‐Dox) specifically targets T‐ALL cells and MDSCs but spare normal hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with enhanced leukemic elimination efficiency. Consequently, MRIAN‐Dox has reduced cardiotoxicity and myeloablation side effects in treating T‐ALL mice. Mechanistically, MRIAN degrades into L‐phenylalanine, which inhibits PKM2 activity and reduces ROS levels in MDSCs to disturb their immunosuppressive function and increase their differentiation toward normal myeloid cells. Overall, a novel amino acid metabolite nanomedicine is invented to treat T‐ALL through the combination of leukemic cell targeting and immunosurveillance stimulation.
Boost photothermal theranostics via self‐assembly‐induced crystallization (SAIC)
Authors: Mu Xueluer , Wu Fapu , Tang Ying , Wang Rui , Li Yajie , Li Kaixuan , Li Chunfeng , Lu Yingxi , Zhou Xianfeng , Li Zhibo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOwing to the intrinsic advantages of spatiotemporal selectivity, photothermal theranostics have become the advancing edge of precision medicine for cancer. Developing photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) with near‐infrared (NIR) absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency, robust photothermal stability, and good accumulation in tumors, is particularly valuable. Herein, we report a new concept, self‐assembly‐induced crystallization (SAIC), which can serve as a mechanism that dramatically boosts photothermal behaviors of PTA in NIR region. As a proof of concept, three heptamethine cyanine molecules with internal degrees of freedom (geometry and intramolecular interaction) are designed to fine‐tune their crystallinity. Notably, Cy7‐TCF‐EMBI molecules with rigid and planar skeletons self‐assemble into a crystalline state to maximize their packing density and improve the charge transfer, both of which contribute to nonradiative decay for energy dissipation as heat. The high packing density also renders an ideal scaffold for controlling intermolecular interactions to exhibit better photothermal stability, and endows an anisotropic three‐dimensional architecture for passive tumor targeting. This “SAIC” strategy may offer a conceptually novel, practically simple but effective approach to unveil the structure–property relationship that could provide some general rules in rational design of PTAs, and paves the way for a next generation of supramolecular medicine for photothermal theranostics.
Electrified methane steam reforming on a washcoated SiSiC foam for low‐carbon hydrogen production
Authors: Zheng Lei , Ambrosetti Matteo , Marangoni Daniele , Beretta Alessandra , Groppi Gianpiero , Tronconi Enrico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn view of largely available renewable electricity as a green future resource, here we report the electrification of a Rh/Al2O3 washcoated SiSiC foam for methane steam reforming (MSR). We show that, thanks to the suitable bulk resistivity of the SiSiC foam, its direct Joule heating up to relevant temperatures is feasible; the interconnected geometry greatly reduces heat and mass transfer limitations, which results in a highly active and energy efficient system for low‐carbon H2 production. The foam‐based electrified MSR (eMSR) system showed almost full methane conversion above 700°C and methane conversions approaching equilibrium were obtained in a range of conditions. Energy efficiency as high as 61% and specific power consumption as low as 2.0 kWh/ were measured at 650°C, at gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 150,000 cm3/h/gcat. When driven by renewable electricity, the proposed reactor configuration promises a high potential to address the decarbonization challenge in the near‐term future.
COVID‐19 vaccines and risks of hematological abnormalities: Nested case–control and self‐controlled case series study
Authors: Sing Chor‐Wing , Tang Casey Tze Lam , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Fan Min , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Li Xue , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Wong Carlos King Ho , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Hung Ivan Fan Ngai , Leung Anskar Yu‐Hung , Cheung Ching‐Lung , Wong Ian Chi Kei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral studies reported hematological abnormalities after vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We evaluated the association between COVID‐19 vaccines (CoronaVac and BNT162b2) and hematological abnormalities. We conducted nested case–control and self‐controlled case series analyses using the data from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority and the Department of Health, HKSAR. Outcomes of interest were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. In total, 1 643 419 people received COVID‐19 vaccination (738 609 CoronaVac; 904 810 BNT162b2). We identified 457 and 422 cases after CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccination, respectively. For CoronaVac, the incidence of thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia was 2.51, 1.08, and 0.15 per 10 000 doses. For BNT162b2, the corresponding incidence was 1.39, 1.17, and 0.26 per 10 000 doses. The incidence per 10 000 COVID‐19 cases were 1254, 2341, and 884, respectively. We only observed an increased risk of leukopenia following the second dose of BNT162b2 (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.24–2.02; day 0–14, IRR 2.21; 95% CI 1.59–3.08). There was no increased risk of any hematological abnormalities after CoronaVac vaccination. We observed an increased risk of leukopenia shortly after the second dose of BNT162b2. However, the incidence was much lower than the incidence following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections. There was no association between CoronaVac and hematological abnormalities. The benefits of vaccination against COVID‐19 still outweigh the risk of hematological abnormalities.
Friedel‐Crafts‐Type Reaction of (Het)Arenes with Aldehydes/Ketones under Acid‐Free Conditions using Neutral Ionic Liquid: A Convenient Routes to bis(Indolyl)methanes and Beyond
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Rastogi Sumit K. , Singh Akansha , Bharati Ahirwar Mini , Deshmukh Milind M. , Sinha Arun K. , Kumar Ravindra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcid‐free approach has been demonstrated for Friedel‐Crafts‐type reaction of (het)arenes with carbonyls using neutral ionic liquid (NIL). Methodology is enabled to afford a densely functionalized bis(indolyl)methanes in good to excellent yields. This conditions is also compatible to the synthesis of 3,3‐di(indol‐3‐yl)indolin‐2‐ones, bis(4‐hydroxycoumarines) and triarylmethanes (total 40 examples; up to 98% yields). Gram‐scale reactions and recycling study were carried out to demonstrate the practicality of present methodology. DFT studies illustrate the catalytic cycle involving simultaneous activation of C=O and indole C−H bond by NIL followed by C−C bond formation.
Polyethylene porous microsphere coated coaxial fiber composite membrane for high safety lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Wang Xu , Cui Weiwei , Lin Zeyu , Piao Jingxian , Qu Xinyu , Deng Wei , Gong Guifen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA polyetherimide/polyvinylidene fluoride (PEI/PVDF) coaxial fiber membrane coated with polyethylene (PE) porous microspheres with thermal shutdown function was prepared. The PE porous microspheres created by the suspension dispersion method are composed of a large number of pleated petal structures, which contain abundant pore structures and have a melting point of 108°C. Ionic conductivity test, scanning electron microscope test, open circuit voltage test, and cycle performance test show that the composite membrane with PE microspheres layer can effectively close the pore structure at 110°C and stop the battery reaction. The thermal stability test shows that the composite membrane does not shrink at 210°C, the thermal shutdown temperature window is as high as 100°C, and the PE coating can significantly improve the high temperature thermal dimensional stability of the membrane. Thanks to the porous microstructure of PE microspheres and the good electrolyte affinity of the PVDF skin layer, the PE composite membrane has good electrolyte wetting and uptake capabilities. The battery assembled by the PE composite membrane has a capacity retention rate of 88.6% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C and has excellent C‐rate capability.
Structural, microstructural, and ferroelectric studies of polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) thin films in Ag/Cu/PVDF‐HFP/Cu capacitor structures
Authors: Roy Jyotirmoy , Chikkonda Raghavendar , Kishor Gara , Thankamani Sathyanathan Akhil Raman , Raju K. C. James , Gangineni Ramesh Babu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, the structural, microstructural, and ferroelectric characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) thin films in Ag/Cu/PVDF‐HFP/Cu capacitor structures have been investigated. The bottom interfaces glass or Cu/glass influence upon the PVDF‐HFP thin‐film crystal structure and microstructure have been evaluated using grazing incidence X‐ray diffractometer and atomic force microscopy. Quasi‐static current–voltage loops, the polarization versus electric field loops measured at varied applied frequencies (100 mHz–1 Hz) and electric field amplitudes (2.5–27.5 MV/m) are utilized to comprehend the ferroelectric characteristics of PVDF‐HFP thin films. Furthermore, the observed linear dependency between coercive field and frequency is linked to the homogenous domain growth model proposed by Kolmogorov‐Avrami‐Ishibashi.