bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of clenbuterol residues in beef sausages and its enantiomeric analysis using UHPLC–MS/MS: A risk of unintentional doping in sport field
Authors: Velasco‐Bejarano Benjamín , Velasco‐Carrillo Ricardo , Camacho‐Frias Evangelina , Bautista Jahir , López‐Arellano Raquel , Rodríguez Leonardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClenbuterol (Clb) can be present in Mexico often but not all over the world in animal tissues and organs, therefore, potentially is derived from animal sources as well. The aims of this study were to develop and validate a method for detecting traces of clenbuterol in beef sausages. A calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 20–500 pg ml−1. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 5 and 10 pg g−1, respectively. The analyte recovery was from 95.70% to 100.40% with an intraday relative standard deviation (RSD%) of 0.99%–2.10% and an interday RSD% of 0.54%–2.34%, R2 = 0.9998. The methodology developed was applied successfully in 15 samples of beef sausage, and 73.3% of the samples tested contained racemic clenbuterol in concentrations between 30 and 471 pg g−1. The UHPLC–MS/MS method developed combines high sensitivity with good selectivity and short chromatographic run time. Additionally, the enantiomeric analysis of clenbuterol performed in beef sausages showed a 59% for R‐(−)‐Clb and 41% for S‐(+)‐Clb. The presence of clenbuterol in beef sausages could represent a risk of unintentional doping in sport field, because the clenbuterol is a banned substance included in the World Anti‐Doping Agency's (WADA) list of prohibited substances.
Disease‐mediated nutrient dynamics: Coupling host–pathogen interactions with ecosystem elements and energy
Authors: Borer Elizabeth T. , Paseka Rachel E. , Peace Angela , Asik Lale , Everett Rebecca , Frenken Thijs , González Angélica L. , Strauss Alexander T. , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , White Lauren A. , Seabloom Eric W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutotrophs play an essential role in the cycling of carbon and nutrients, yet disease‐ecosystem relationships are often overlooked in these dynamics. Importantly, the availability of elemental nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus impacts infectious disease in autotrophs, and disease can induce reciprocal effects on ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Relationships linking infectious disease with ecosystem nutrient dynamics are bidirectional, though the interdependence of these processes has received little attention. We introduce disease‐mediated nutrient dynamics (DND) as a framework to describe the multiple, concurrent pathways linking elemental cycles with infectious disease. We illustrate the impact of disease–ecosystem feedback loops on both disease and ecosystem nutrient dynamics using a simple mathematical model, combining approaches from classical ecological (logistic and Droop growth) and epidemiological (susceptible and infected compartments) theory. Our model incorporates the effects of nutrient availability on the growth rates of susceptible and infected autotroph hosts and tracks the return of nutrients to the environment following host death. While focused on autotroph hosts here, the DND framework is generalizable to higher trophic levels. Our results illustrate the surprisingly complex dynamics of host populations, infection patterns, and ecosystem nutrient cycling that can arise from even a relatively simple feedback between disease and nutrients. Feedback loops in disease‐mediated nutrient dynamics arise via effects of infection and nutrient supply on host stoichiometry and population size. Our model illustrates how host growth rate, defense, and tissue chemistry can impact the dynamics of disease–ecosystem relationships. We use the model to motivate a review of empirical examples from autotroph–pathogen systems in aquatic and terrestrial environments, demonstrating the key role of nutrient–disease and disease–nutrient relationships in real systems. By assessing existing evidence and uncovering data gaps and apparent mismatches between model predictions and the dynamics of empirical systems, we highlight priorities for future research intended to narrow the persistent disciplinary gap between disease and ecosystem ecology. Future empirical and theoretical work explicitly examining the dynamic linkages between disease and ecosystem ecology will inform fundamental understanding for each discipline and will better position the field of ecology to predict the dynamics of disease and elemental cycles in the context of global change.
Prognostic differences in long‐standing vs. recent‐onset dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Silverdal Jonas , Sjöland Helen , Pivodic Aldina , Dahlström Ulf , Fu Michael , Bollano Entela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the outcome and prognostic factors in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and long‐standing heart failure (LDCM) vs. recent‐onset heart failure (RODCM).Methods and resultsWe compared 2019 patients with RODCM (duration <6 months, mean age 58.6 years, 70.7% male) with 1714 patients with LDCM (duration ≥6 months, median duration 3.5 years, mean age 62.5 years, 73.7% male) included in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry in the years 2003–16. Outcome measures were all‐cause, cardiovascular (CV), and non‐CV death and hospitalizations; heart transplantation; and a combined outcome of all‐cause death, heart transplantation, or heart failure (HF) hospitalization. Multivariable risk factor analyses were performed for the combined endpoint. All outcomes were more frequent in LDCM than in RODCM. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for LDCM vs. RODCM were 1.56 (1.34–1.82), P < 0.0001, for all‐cause death over a median follow‐up of 4.2 and 5.0 years, respectively; 1.67 (1.36–2.05), P < 0.0001, for CV death; 2.12 (1.14–3.91), P < 0.0001, for heart transplantation; 1.36 (1.21–1.53), P < 0.0001, for HF hospitalization; and 1.37 (1.24–1.52), P < 0.0001, for the combined outcome. A propensity score‐matched analysis yielded similar results. CV death was the main cause of mortality in LDCM and was higher in LDCM than in RODCM (P < 0.0001). Almost all co‐morbidities were significantly more frequent in LDCM than in RODCM, and the mean number of co‐morbidities increased significantly with increased duration of disease, also after age adjustment. Age, New York Heart Association functional class, ejection fraction, and left bundle branch block were prognostically adverse. The only co‐morbidity associated with the combined outcome regardless of HF duration was diabetes, in LDCM [HR 1.34 (1.15–1.56), P = 0.0002] and in RODCM [HR 1.29 (1.04–1.59), P = 0.018]. Male sex [HR 1.38 (1.18–1.63), P < 0.0001] and aspirin use [HR 1.33 (1.14–1.55), P = 0.0004] carried increased risk only in RODCM. Heart rate ≥75 b.p.m. [HR 1.20 (1.04–1.37), P = 0.01], atrial fibrillation [HR 1.24 (1.08–1.42), P = 0.0024], musculoskeletal or connective tissue disorder [HR 1.36 (1.13–1.63), P = 0.0014], and diuretic therapy [HR 1.40 (1.17–1.67), P = 0.0002] were prognostically adverse only in LDCM.ConclusionsThis nationwide study of patients with DCM demonstrates that longer disease duration is associated with worse prognosis. Co‐morbidities are more common in long‐standing HF than in recent‐onset HF and are associated with worse outcome. With the increased survival seen in the last decades, our results highlight the importance of careful attention to co‐morbid conditions in patients with DCM.
Aerodynamic performance analysis and power generation characteristics experiment of vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Li Zheng , Liu Mengjie , Cao Xin , Gao Menghai , Cheng Liyuan , Sun Hexu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the wide application of clean energy, the requirements of this vertical axis wind turbine are higher and higher. A new diagonal spiral blade vertical axis wind turbine is designed and studied. The shape of the new type of wind turbine blade is designed based on the diagonal spiral structure that is common in life, considering the situation of different pitch angles and constructing 11 kinds of prototype machine. In‐depth analysis of the aerodynamic performance of these new wind turbines through simulation calculations shows that the prototype with a pitch angle of 110° has the best aerodynamic performance. When the tip speed ratio is 0.4, the maximum wind energy utilization rate can reach 0.29. Besides, the model of this wind turbine is constructed by 3D printing, which is tested, and the performance of the models is compared with that of the traditional S‐type wind turbine in a real environment. There rationality and superiority of the design of the new diagonal spiral blade vertical axis wind turbine are proved, and this apply background of this new diagonal spiral blade wind turbine is demonstrated by comparison. This article also analyzes the wake of the wind turbine and makes reasonable planning of the arrangement spacing that the wake effect has the least effect on the downstream wind turbine, which can increase the power generation efficiency of the group arrangement of turbines.
Potential Co‐benefits and trade‐offs between improved soil management, climate change mitigation and agri‐food productivity
Authors: McGuire Ryan , Williams Paul N. , Smith Pete , McGrath Steve P. , Curry Donald , Donnison Iain , Emmet Bridget , Scollan Nigel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaximising resource‐use efficiency, productivity and environmental sustainability are all fundamental requirements to raise global food production by ~70 per cent in order to feed a world population of ~9.7 billion people by 2050. Perhaps the most vital resource within our capacity to achieve this goal is our soil. Broadly, the fundamental question concerns whether or not satisfying this production demand will accelerate soil degradation, climate change, and the loss of soil carbon stocks. This paper builds upon the outputs of the UK Charity ‘Food & Farming Futures’ (chaired by Lord Curry of Kirkharle) virtual workshop held on 23 March 2021, entitled ‘Capturing the Potential of Soil’. The event focussed on the link between soil health, primarily soil organic carbon (SOC), and agricultural productivity. Supported with commentaries by Professor Pete Smith (University of Aberdeen and Science Director of the Scottish Climate Change Centre of Expertise) and Professor Steve McGrath (Head of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences at Rothamsted Research), specific focus will be given to the research challenges within the UK’s ability to improve soil health and functionality, the implementation priorities that must be held in order to improve soil management by 2050 and what the potential co‐benefits could be. These co‐benefits were scattered across environmental, economic, social and political issues, yet they may be summarised into six primary co‐benefits: developing natural capital, climate change mitigation, carbon trading, improvements in crop yield, animal performance and human health (nutrition). Additionally, the main barriers to improved soil management practices are centred on knowledge exchange‐regarding agri‐environmental techniques—whilst the most impactful solutions rely on soil monitoring, reporting and verification.
The association between acne care provision and quality of life: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: de Vries Femke , Driessen Rieke , Tjin Esther , Westenberg Anissa , Vehof Hans , van de Kerkhof Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIt has been suggested that professional acne care can be effective not only in reducing clinical signs but also in improving quality of life (QOL). This study aims to reach a better understanding of the association between QOL and professional acne care. The study also investigates other factors that might influence QOL such as age, gender, and acne severity.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2020, a cross‐sectional survey‐based study was conducted among 362 acne patients. Data were collected by the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) and a Global QOL scale. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and post hoc comparisons were conducted to analyze the association between professional acne care and health‐related QOL.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found in QOL measured by CADI among patients visiting the four investigated acne caregivers (mean CADI score: dermatologist, 4.49; GPs, 4.42; dermal therapist, 4.07; beautician, 4.20, P = .24). However, the impact of the treatment on the QOL, which was measured by the level of Global QOL improvement before and after care, demonstrated a statistically significant improvement when attending a dermatologist, compared to the care provided by beauticians (Global QOL improvement: dermatologist, 1.50; GP, 1.01; dermal therapist, 1.10; beautician, 0.54, P = .05). Females experienced a more impaired acne‐related QOL than males (P = .05), and increased acne severity was associated with a more impaired QOL (P < .05).ConclusionsThis study delineated factors that influence QOL in acne patients. As the QOL was not associated with the type of caregiver, the greatest QOL improvement before and after care was achieved after medical treatment by the dermatologist. Females and individuals dealing with more severe types of acne experienced a more impaired acne‐related QOL. It is recommended to take these factors into account in acne management to optimize professional treatment in line with patient needs.
Associations of device‐measured sleep, sedentariness and physical activity with growth differentiation factor 15 in older adults
Authors: Ortolá Rosario , García‐Esquinas Esther , Buño‐Soto Antonio , Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Martínez‐Gómez David , Sotos‐Prieto Mercedes , Struijk Ellen A. , Caballero Francisco Félix , Lopez‐Garcia Esther , Banegas José R. , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) is a biomarker for chronic disease burden that might explain the health effects of sedentary behaviours (SBs) and physical activity (PA). We examined associations of device‐measured sleep, SB and PA, and time reallocations among them, with GDF‐15 in older adults.MethodsWe used data from 2245 older adults participating in the Seniors‐ENRICA‐2 study. Wrist‐worn accelerometers were employed to ascertain total time in sleep, SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate‐to vigorous PA (MVPA). Associations between these activities and serum GDF‐15 levels were analysed using linear regression, including isotemporal substitution models for time reallocations among activities, and adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted separately in two groups (less active and more active individuals) according to the median total PA time.ResultsIn the less active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were related to lower levels of GDF‐15 when replacing sleep (fully adjusted mean percentage differences [95% confidence interval] in GDF‐15 of −9.2% [−13.2, −5.0]), SB (−9.8% [−13.6, −5.8]) and LPA (−5.8% [−11.1, −0.3]), whereas 30 min/day more of LPA were related to lower GDF‐15 when replacing both sleep (−3.6% [−6.1, −1.0]) and SB (−4.2% [−6.7, −1.7]). In the more active participants, 30 min/day more of MVPA were also associated with lower GDF‐15 when replacing sleep (−2.9% [−5.3, −0.3]), SB (−2.4% [−4.6, −0.2]) and LPA (−3.5% [−6.6, −0.3]), but no associations were found for more time in LPA. Spending more time in SB was associated with higher GDF‐15 levels only among those less active (1.9% [0.9, 2.9] per 30 min/day increment). Sleep time did not appear to be associated with GDF‐15.ConclusionsThe MVPA was inversely associated with GDF‐15, with stronger associations at lower PA volumes. Also, more LPA and less SB time were linked to lower GDF‐15 in the less active individuals. This suggests that simply moving more and sitting less may reduce chronic disease burden in older adults.
Predictive impact of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor and number of extranodal sites for identification of patients at very high risk of CNS relapse in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Shichijo Takafumi , Tatetsu Hiro , Nosaka Kisato , Higuchi Yusuke , Kikukawa Yoshitaka , Inoue Yoshitaka , Toyoda Kosuke , Yasunaga Jun‐ichirou , Matsuoka Masao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere remains an unmet clinical need to identify which patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) would benefit from central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis, due to the low positive predictive value (PPV; 10%–15%) of the currently available predictive models. To stratify patients at high risk of developing CNS relapse, we retrospectively analyzed 182 patients with DLBCL initially treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP), or a R‐CHOP‐like regimen. Among them, 17 patients relapsed with CNS involvement, and the 2‐year rate of CNS relapse was 7.9%. Upon carrying out multivariate analysis, ≥3 extranodal sites and elevated soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) levels at diagnosis were identified as independent risk factors for CNS relapse. The 2‐year and 3.5‐year rates of CNS relapse were 57.1% and 78.6%, respectively, in patients with both elevated sIL‐2R and ≥3 extranodal sites. Furthermore, combined use of these risk factors of both elevated sIL‐2R and ≥3 extranodal sites resulted in a high PPV (71.4%), negative predictive value (93.1%), and overall accuracy (92.3%) for undergoing CNS relapse. In conclusion, we propose a simple and valuable tool to predict patients with DLBCL at very high risk of CNS relapse.
Left–Right Intensity Asymmetries Vary Depending on Scanner Model for FLAIR and T1 Weighted MRI Images
Authors: Arani Arvin , Schwarz Christopher G. , Wiste Heather J. , Weigand Stephen D. , Cogswell Petrice M. , Murphy Matthew C. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Senjem Matthew L. , McGee Kiaran P. , Shu Yunhong , Bernstein Matt A. , Huston John , Jack Clifford R. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLocalized regions of left–right image intensity asymmetry (LRIA) were incidentally observed on T2‐weighted (T2‐w) and T1‐weighted (T1‐w) diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. Suspicion of herpes encephalitis resulted in unnecessary follow‐up imaging. A nonbiological imaging artifact that can lead to diagnostic uncertainty was identified.PurposeTo investigate whether systematic LRIA exist for a range of scanner models and to determine if LRIA can introduce diagnostic uncertainty.Study TypeA retrospective study using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data base.SubjectsOne thousand seven hundred fifty‐three (median age: 72, males/females: 878/875) unique participants with longitudinal data were included.Field Strength3T.SequencesT1‐w three‐dimensional inversion‐recovery spoiled gradient‐echo (IR‐SPGR) or magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MP‐RAGE) and T2‐w fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) long tau fast spin echo inversion recovery (LT‐FSE‐IR). Only General Electric, Philips, and Siemens' product sequences were used.AssessmentLRIA was calculated as the left–right percent difference with respect to the mean intensity from automated anatomical atlas segmented regions. Three neuroradiologists with 37 (**), 32 (**), and 3 (**) years of experience rated the clinical impact of 30 T2‐w three‐dimensional FLAIR exams with LRIA to determine the diagnostic uncertainty. Statistical comparisons between retrospective intensity normalized T1m and original T1‐w images were made.Statistical TestsFor each image type, a linear mixed effects model was fit using LRIA scores from all scanners, regions, and participants as the outcome and age and sex as predictors. Statistical significance was defined as having a P‐value <0.05.ResultsLRIA scores were significantly different from zero on most scanners. All clinicians were uncertain or recommended definite diagnostic follow‐up in 62.5% of cases with LRIA >10%. Individuals with acute brain pathology or focal neurologic deficits are not enrolled in ADNI; therefore, focal signal abnormalities were considered false positives.Data ConclusionLRIA is system specific, systematic, creates diagnostic uncertainty, and impacts IR‐SPGR, MP‐RAGE, and LT‐FSE‐IR product sequences.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 3
Validation of Maslach Burnout Inventory–Job‐Seekers Survey
Authors: Lee Taerim , Ko Hyeyun , Lee Sangeun , Lee Sang Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to modify a burnout scale (Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Student Survey [MBI‐SS]) for Korean job‐seekers (Maslach Burnout Inventory ‐Job‐Seekers Survey [MBI‐JS]). By collecting the data from college students in school‐to‐work transition, academic burnout and job‐seeking burnout were measured longitudinally at 6‐month intervals in the same sample. By carrying out a multi‐trait multi‐method analysis with the MBI‐SS, the construct validity of the MBI‐JS was confirmed. The convergent and discriminant validity of MBI‐JS was proved by comparing MBI‐JS with the MBI‐SS and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D). This validation study of the job‐seeking burnout scale (MBI‐JS) can be the cornerstone for investigating job‐seeking burnout. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Interface and Charge Induced Molecular Self‐Assembly Strategy for the Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Coated with Mesoporous Platinum Sheets
Authors: Han Gengxu , Yang Yan , Feng Danyang , Liu Jingwei , Zhang Ling , Wei Feng , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe design of porous noble metal catalysts holds great promise in various electrocatalytic applications. However, it is still a challenge to improve the durability performance through constructing stable framework. Here, an interface and charge induced strategy is developed to synthesize large‐sized continuous reduced graphene oxide@mesoporous platinum (denoted as rGO@mPt) sheets under kinetic control by molecular self‐assembly design. Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising large‐sized growth interface for platinum. Cationic surfactant dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride bridges the negatively charged GO and platinum precursors, while creating interconnected mesopores. The successful synthesis of rGO@mPt sheets relies on proper kinetic control, which is achieved by controlling pH, temperature, and the complexation of bromide ions. rGO@mPt sheets present strong crystallinity with a pure face‐centered cubic Pt phase. Worm‐like mesostructures with an average pore size of 2.2 nm exist throughout the sheets. rGO@mPt sheets possess both stable framework and abundant active sites, which markedly improve the durability on methanol oxidation reaction while maintaining relatively good catalytic activity. Long‐term stability test shows a slight loss of 1.2% activity after 250 cycles. Amperometric i–t curves reveal the mass current three times higher compared to commercial Pt/C at 3000 s.