bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plantago asiatica mosaic virus: An emerging plant virus causing necrosis in lilies and a new model RNA virus for molecular research
Authors: Komatsu Ken , Hammond John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTaxonomyPlantago asiatica mosaic virusbelongs to the genusPotexvirusin the familyAlphaflexiviridaeof the orderTymovirales.Virion and genome propertiesPlantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) has flexuous virions of approximately 490–530 nm in length and 10–15 nm in width. The genome of PlAMV consists of a single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA of approximately 6.13 kb. It contains five open reading frames (ORFs 1–5), encoding a putative viral polymerase (RdRp), movement proteins (triple gene block proteins, TGBp1‐3), and coat protein (CP), respectively.Host rangePlAMV has an exceptionally wide host range and has been isolated from various wild plants, includingPlantago asiatica,Nandina domestica,Rehmannia glutinosa, and other weed plants. Experimentally PlAMV can infect many plant species includingNicotiana benthamianaandArabidopsis thaliana. It also infects ornamental lilies and frequently causes severe necrotic symptoms. However, host range varies depending on isolates, which show significant biological diversity within the species.Genome diversityPlAMV can be separated into five clades based on phylogenetic analyses; nucleotide identities are significantly low between isolates in the different clades.TransmissionPlAMV is not reported to be transmitted by biological vectors. Virions of PlAMV are quite stable and it can be transmitted efficiently by mechanical contact.Disease symptomsPlAMV causes red‐rusted systemic necrosis in ornamental lilies, but it shows much weaker, if any, symptoms in wild plants such asP. asiatica.ControlControl of the disease caused by PlAMV is based mainly on rapid diagnosis and elimination of the infected bulbs or plants.
Which naturalism?
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ‘naturalizing’ agenda in contemporary secularist philosophy is often presented in opposition to traditional theism. But looking at the history of the terms ‘nature’ and ‘natural’ reveals a discontinuity between how these terms are currently understood and how they were understood in the past. The modern ‘naturalist’, in insisting that all phenomena should be brought within the domain of the natural, is advancing a thesis that many classical, medieval and early-modern philosophers and theologians would have regarded as fairly self-evident. What has changed is not that there is a new determination to include within the natural domain what was previously excluded from it, but rather that there is a radical shift in how the natural domain is to be understood. This paper argues that the philosophically interesting question is not whether or not we should be naturalists, but which of two naturalisms we should adopt: secular naturalism, with its neutralist conception of nature in general and of human nature in particular, or theistic naturalism, according to which the natural world and our own nature bear the stamp of the divine. It turns out the former (secularist) view is vulnerable to serious difficulties, on both the epistemic and the moral fronts.
Music training modulates theta brain oscillations associated with response suppression
Authors: Lu Jing , Moussard Aline , Guo Sijia , Lee Yunjo , Bidelman Gavin M. , Moreno Sylvain , Skrotzki Cassandra , Bugos Jennifer , Shen Dawei , Yao Dezhong , Alain Claude 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is growing interest in developing training programs to mitigate cognitive decline associated with normal aging. Here, we assessed the effect of 3‐month music and visual art training programs on the oscillatory brain activity of older adults using a partially randomized intervention design. High‐density electroencephalography (EEG) was measured during the pre‐ and post‐training sessions while participants completed a visual GoNoGo task. Time‐frequency representations were calculated in regions of interest encompassing the visual, parietal, and prefrontal cortices. Before training, NoGo trials generated greater theta power than Go trials from 300 to 500 ms post‐stimulus in mid‐central and frontal brain areas. Theta power indexing response suppression was significantly reduced after music training. There was no significant difference between pre‐ and post‐test for the visual art or the control group. The effect of music training on theta power indexing response suppression was associated with reduced functional connectivity between prefrontal, visual, and auditory regions. These results suggest that theta power indexes executive control mechanisms in older adults. Music training affects theta power and functional connectivity associated with response suppression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of inhibitory control ability in older adults and the neuroplastic effects of music interventions.
Identification by RNA‐Seq of let‐7 clusters as prenatal biomarkers for nonsyndromic cleft lip with palate
Authors: Jia Shanshan , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yu , Wei Xiaowei , Gu Hui , Liu Dan , Ma Wei , He Yiwen , Luo Wenting , Yuan Zhengwei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNonsyndromic cleft lip with palate (nsCLP) is a common congenital malformation; however, early prenatal diagnosis is challenging and pathogenesis remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in plasma‐derived exosomes and whole plasma of pregnant women to identify nsCLP and an underlying mechanism. Combined RNA sequencing analysis was performed on samples from plasma exosomes and whole plasma of pregnant women carrying normal fetuses or fetuses with nsCLP in an ongoing birth cohort, in addition to lip samples from nsCLP fetuses and healthy controls. Eight let‐7 cluster miRNAs (hsa‐let‐7a‐3p, hsa‐let‐7a‐5p, hsa‐let‐7c‐5p, hsa‐let‐7d‐3p, hsa‐let‐7d‐5p, hsa‐let‐7e‐5p, hsa‐let‐7f‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐98‐5p) in plasma exosomes from pregnant women provided higher sensitivity/specificity for diagnosing fetal nsCLP than those in plasma. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of the eight miRNAs from plasma exosomes was 0.992. Among them, hsa‐let‐7a‐3p showed better diagnostic capability and was downregulated in nsCLP fetal lip tissues. Upstream and downstream target genes of hsa‐let‐7a‐3p were screened and confirmed. Our work highlights the potential clinical application value of let‐7 clusters in predicting nsCLP and associates as a new regulatory axis (EN2–LIN28A–hsa‐let‐7a‐3p–HHIP–GLI2) with human nsCLP pathogenesis.
Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) encompasses a spectrum of inflammatory mosaic disorders
Authors: Atzmony Lihi , Ugwu Nelson , Hamilton Claire , Paller Amy S. , Zech Loren , Antaya Richard J. , Choate Keith A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a rare skin disease characterized by pruritic erythematous scaly plaques distributed along the lines of Blaschko. Two cases of ILVEN with CARD14 mutations and one case with a GJA1 mutation have been previously reported.ObjectiveTo elucidate the genetic cause of a cohort of patients diagnosed based on clinical and histopathological evaluation with ILVEN.MethodsWe recruited patients diagnosed with ILVEN based on clinical and histopathological criteria. Exome sequencing of affected skin with or without blood/saliva was performed and germline and somatic pathogenic variants were identified.ResultsFive patients were enrolled. All had skin lesions from birth or early childhood. Two patients developed psoriasis vulgaris after the diagnosis of ILVEN. The first had a germline heterozygous CARD14 mutation and a post‐zygotic hotspot mutation in KRT10. The histopathologic evaluation did not show epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. The second had a post‐zygotic hotspot mutation in HRAS. Her ILVEN became itchy once psoriasis developed. One patient was re‐diagnosed with linear porokeratosis based on a germline mutation in PMVK and a post‐zygotic second‐hit mutation. Two patients were re‐diagnosed with congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defect nevus based on germline NSDHL mutations.ConclusionILVEN is a clinical descriptor for a heterogenous group of mosaic inflammatory disorders. Genetic analysis has the potential to more precisely categorize ILVEN and permits pathogenesis‐directed therapies in some cases.
Randomized pilot trial of praise text messages to improve medication adherence among adolescents and young adults with liver transplants
Authors: Sayegh Caitlin , Im Deborah , Moss Ilana K. , Urquiza Ruby , Patel Shreena , Thomas Dan W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAYA who have undergone liver transplantations often struggle to adhere to their post‐transplant immunosuppressant medications, which can lead to serious health complications. The objective of this pilot study is to examine the acceptability and feasibility of a brief mobile health (mHealth) intervention and its impact on medication adherence among AYA liver transplant recipients.MethodsThirty‐five AYAs (13–21 years old) were randomized to either (1) receive praise text messages whenever laboratory results indicated immunosuppressant medications within the expected range or (2) usual care. Motivation for adherence and adherence were assessed via self‐report, and a MLVI was calculated based on values abstracted from the electronic health record.ResultsMultilevel, multivariate models showed significant associations between group assignment and some self‐reported motivation and adherence outcomes but not MLVI. Specifically, AYA receiving the praise text messages were significantly more likely to report taking their prescribed doses (OR = 2.49, p = .03), taking their medicine according to the directions (OR = 2.39, p = .04), and being highly confident in taking their medication (OR = 2.46, p = .04), compared with the usual services group. Qualitative responses indicated praise texts were mostly helpful but could be improved.ConclusionsThe results suggest texting patients about positive health indicators was acceptable and, with refinement, might promote AYA illness self‐management.
Treatment and outcomes of two pigs treated for hemoabdomen secondary to splenic disease
Authors: Schultz Brooke L. , Bookbinder Lauren C. , Claffey Elaine F. , Luedke Lauren K. , Delvescovo Barbara , Fubini Susan L. , Radcliffe Rolfe M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the management and outcomes of two pigs undergoing emergency surgery for hemoabdomen secondary to splenic disease.Study designCase report.AnimalTwo adult pigs with hemoabdomen and suspected splenic pathology.MethodsPigs were admitted for several clinical signs including lethargy, inappetence, vomiting, abdominal distention, hypothermia, and tachycardia. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominocentesis led to a diagnosis of hemoabdomen secondary to splenic disease.ResultsThe spleen was confirmed as the source of hemorrhage during midline exploratory celiotomy in both pigs. Splenic rupture resulted from splenic vein thrombosis in one pig and splenic torsion in the other. Complications included intraoperative hemorrhage and intraabdominal adhesion formation. Four years following splenectomy, one pig was euthanized because of widespread small intestinal adhesions causing luminal obstruction, while the other pig was euthanized following a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia.ConclusionsA ventral midline celiotomy provided adequate exposure for splenectomy. The procedure allowed resolution of signs in both pigs. Splenic pathology, such as vessel thrombosis or torsion, may result in splenic rupture and should be considered as a differential in pigs with hemoabdomen.
The Use of Accelerometers in Young Children: A Methodological Scoping Review
Authors: Breau Becky , Coyle-Asbil Hannah J. , Vallis Lori Ann 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine publications using accelerometers in children aged 6 months to <6 years and report on current methodologies used for data collection and analyses. We examined device make and model, device placement, sampling frequency, data collection protocol, definition of nonwear time, inclusion criteria, epoch duration, and cut points. Five online databases and three gray literature databases were searched. Studies were included if they were published in English between January 2009 and March 2021. A total of 627 articles were included for descriptive analyses. Of the reviewed articles, 75% used ActiGraph devices. The most common device placement was hip or waist. More than 80% of articles did not report a sampling frequency, and 7-day protocols during only waking hours were the most frequently reported. Fifteen-second epoch durations and the cut points developed by Pate et al. in 2006 were the most common. A total of 203 articles did not report which definition of nonwear time was used; when reported, “20 minutes of consecutive zeros” was the most frequently used. Finally, the most common inclusion criteria were “greater or equal to 10 hr/day for at least 3 days” for studies conducted in free-living environments and “greater than 50% of the school day” for studies conducted in preschool or childcare environments. Results demonstrated a major lack of reporting of methods used to analyze accelerometer data from young children. A list of recommended reporting practices was developed to encourage increased reporting of key methodological details for research in this area.
Are Physical Function and Fear of Movement Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Pain? A 2-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Pazzinatto Marcella F. , Barton Christian J. , Willy Richard W. , Ferreira Amanda S. , Azevedo Fábio M. , de Oliveira Silva Danilo 
Published: July 2022

Context: To determine (1) whether physical function and fear of movement are prospectively associated with the risk of females developing patellofemoral pain (PFP) and (2) whether they change following development of PFP. Design: Prospective observational study. Methods: A total of 114 asymptomatic females (18–22 y old) completed assessment of physical function (forward step-down test and single-leg hop for distance) and fear of movement using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Presence of symptoms of PFP was monitored bimonthly. Results: Ninety participants (retention rate = 79%) completed the 2-year follow-up assessment, with 27 (24% of the cohort) developing PFP. Physical function, including forward step-down test (P = .659) and single-leg hop for distance (P = .825), and fear of movement (P = .479) were not associated with the risk of developing PFP. Females who developed PFP presented with reduced forward step-down repetitions (mean difference = 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 5.3) and single-leg hop for distance (10.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 17.7 cm) at 2-year follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between those who did and did not develop PFP for fear of movement (−3.4; 95% confidence interval, −7.0 to 0.2). Conclusions: Physical function and fear of movement were not associated with the risk of developing PFP in young females. However, the change over time in the step-down and single-leg hop for distance tests may suggest that, even in the early stages of PFP, young females present impaired physical function compared with females who did not develop symptoms. Fear of movement may develop due to persistent PFP, and does not appear to be a risk factor or key feature in females with PFP of short symptoms duration.
Relationship between obesity indicators and hypertension–diabetes comorbidity among adults: a population study from Central China
Authors: Wu Wenwen , Wu Yifan , Yang Jinru , Sun Donghan , Wang Ying , Ni Ziling , Yang Fen , Xie Yaofei , Tan Xiaodong , Li Ling , Li Li 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the relationship between obesity indicators and hypertension–diabetes comorbidity (HDC) among adults in central China.Design and settingA cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 June 2015 to 30 September 2018 in 11 districts of Hubei Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 29 396 participants aged 18 years or above were enrolled in the study. 2083 subjects with missing data were excluded. Eventually, 25 356 participants were available for the present analysis.Main outcome measuresData were subjected to univariable and multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between obesity indicators (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) and HDC prevalence. Crude odds ratio and adjusted OR (AOR) with associated 95% CI were calculated.ResultsOverall, 2.8% of the respondents had HDC. The odds of HDC prevalence increased with the BMI of the participants (18.5≤BMI (kg/m2)≤23.9—1; 24≤BMI (kg/m2)≤26.9—AOR: 5.66, 95% CI: 4.25 to 7.55; BMI (kg/m2)≥27—AOR: 7.96, 95% CI: 5.83 to 10.87). The risk of HDC also increased with the WHtR of participants (WHtR≤P25—1; P25≤WHtR≤P50—AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.71; P50 ≤WHtR≤P75—AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.92; WHtR≥P75—AOR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.01 to 5.16). Stratified analysis by gender showed that high BMI and WHtR were risk factors of HDC in males and females. However, the odds of HDC prevalence increased only when WHtR≥P75 in males, whereas the probability of HDC increased when WHtR≥ P25 in females.ConclusionHigh BMI and WHtR can increase the risk of HDC among Chinese adults. Reasonable control of BMI and WHtR may be beneficial in preventing HDC. Females should focus on maintaining an optimal WHtR earlier.
Longitudinal impact of preregistration interprofessional education on the attitudes and skills of health professionals during their early careers: a non-randomised trial with 4-year outcomes
Authors: Darlow Ben , Brown Melanie , McKinlay Eileen , Gray Lesley , Purdie Gordon , Pullon Sue 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo assess whether a preregistration interprofessional education (IPE) programme changed attitudes towards teamwork and team skills during health professionals’ final year of training and first 3 years of professional practice.DesignProspective, longitudinal, non-randomised trial.SettingFinal year health professional training at three academic institutions in New Zealand.ParticipantsStudents from eight disciplines eligible to attend the IPE programme were recruited (617/730) prior to their final year of training. 130 participants attended the IPE programme; 115 intervention and 372 control participants were included in outcome analysis.InterventionThe 5-week Tairāwhiti IPE (TIPE) immersion programme during which students experience clinical placements in interdisciplinary teams, complete collaborative tasks and live together in shared accommodation.Main outcome measuresData were collected via five surveys at 12-month intervals, containing Attitudes Towards Healthcare Teams Scale (ATHCTS), Team Skills Scale (TSS) and free-text items. Mixed-model analysis of covariance, adjusting for baseline characteristics, compared scores between groups at each time point. Template analysis identified themes in free-text data.ResultsMean ATHCTS scores for TIPE participants were 1.4 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.3) points higher than non-TIPE participants (p=0.002); scores were 1.9 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.0) points higher at graduation and 1.1 (95% CI −0.1 to 2.4) points higher 3 years postgraduation. Mean TSS scores for TIPE participants were 1.7 (95% CI 0.0 to 3.3) points higher than non-TIPE participants (p=0.045); scores were 3.5 points (95% CI 1.5 to 5.5) higher at graduation and 1.3 (95%CI −0.8 to 3.5) points higher 3 years postgraduation. TIPE participants made substantially more free-text comments about benefits of interprofessional collaboration and perceived the TIPE programme had a meaningful influence on their readiness to work in teams and the way in which they performed their healthcare roles.ConclusionsTIPE programme participation significantly improved attitudes towards healthcare teams and these changes were maintained over 4 years.
Evaluating the impact of a multicountry interprofessional training programme to improve HIV knowledge and clinical confidence among healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort study
Authors: Kiguli-Malwadde Elsie , Forster Maeve , Martin Shayanne , Chilemba Evelyn , Couper Ian , Motlhatlhedi Keneilwe , Celentano Jessica , Haruzivishe Clara , Sears David , Budak Jehan Z , Khanyola Judy N. , Von Zinkernagel Deborah , Molwantwa Mmoloki , Semitala Fred , de Villiers Marietjie , Reid Michael , Kazembe Abigail 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of an interprofessional case-based training programme to enhance clinical knowledge and confidence among clinicians working in high HIV-burden settings in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).SettingHealth professions training institutions and their affiliated clinical training sites in 12 high HIV-burden countries in SSA.ParticipantsCohort comprising preservice and in-service learners, from diverse health professions, engaged in HIV service delivery.InterventionA standardised, interprofessional, case-based curriculum designed to enhance HIV clinical competency, implemented between October 2019 and April 2020.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes measured were knowledge and clinical confidence related to topics addressed in the curriculum. These outcomes were assessed using a standardised online assessment, completed before and after course completion. A secondary outcome was knowledge retention at least 6 months postintervention, measured using the same standardised assessment, 6 months after training completion. We also sought to determine what lessons could be learnt from this training programme to inform interprofessional training in other contexts.ResultsData from 3027 learners were collected: together nurses (n=1145, 37.9%) and physicians (n=902, 29.8%) constituted the majority of participants; 58.1% were preservice learners (n=1755) and 24.1% (n=727) had graduated from training within the prior year. Knowledge scores were significantly higher, postparticipation compared with preparticipation, across all content domains, regardless of training level and cadre (all p<0.05). Among 188 learners (6.2%) who retook the test at >6 months, knowledge and self-reported confidence scores were greater compared with precourse scores (all p<0.05).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the largest interprofessional, multicountry training programme established to improve HIV knowledge and clinical confidence among healthcare professional workers in SSA. The findings are notable given the size and geographical reach and demonstration of sustained confidence and knowledge retention post course completion. The findings highlight the utility of interprofessional approaches to enhance clinical training in SSA.