bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a Wireless Full-HD Head Mounted Display System Improve Knee Arthroscopy Performance? - A Randomized Study Using a Knee Simulator
Authors: FANG Christian , MO Pinky , CHAN Holy , CHEUNG Jake , WONG Janus Siu Him , WONG Tak-Man , MAK Yan-Kit , CHING Kathine , HO Grace , LEUNG Frankie 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Our prototype wireless full-HD Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display (AR-HMD) aims to eliminate surgeon head turning and reduce theater clutter. Learning and performance versus TV Monitors (TVM) is evaluated in simulated knee arthroscopy. Methods 19 surgeons and 19 novices were randomized into either the control group (A) or intervention group (B) and tasked to perform 5 simulated loose-body retrieval procedures on a bench-top knee arthroscopy simulator. A cross-over study design was adopted whereby subjects alternated between devices during trials 1-3, deemed the “Unfamiliar” phase, and then used the same device consecutively in trials 4-5, to assess performance in a more “Familiarized” state. Measured outcomes were time-to-completion and incidence of bead drops. Results In the unfamiliar phase, HMD had 67% longer mean time-to-completion than TVM (194.7 ± 152.6s vs 116.7 ± 78.7s, P < .001). Once familiarized, HMD remained inferior to TVM, with 48% longer completion times (133.8 ± 123.3s vs 90.6 ± 55s, P = .052). Cox regression revealed device type (OR = 0.526, CI 0.391-0.709, P < .001) and number of procedure repetitions (OR = 1.186, CI 1.072-1.311, P = .001) are significantly and independently related to faster time-to-completion. However, experience is not a significant factor (OR = 1.301, CI 0.971-1.741, P = .078). Bead drops were similar between the groups in both unfamiliar (HMD: 27 vs TVM: 22, P = .65) and familiarized phases (HMD: 11 vs TVM: 17, P = .97). Conclusion Arthroscopic procedures continue to be better performed under conventional TVM. However, similar quality levels can be reached by HMD when given more time. Given the theoretical advantages, further research into improving HMD designs is advocated.
Randomized control trial of a decision aid for women considering elective egg freezing: The Eggsurance study protocol
Authors: Peate Michelle , Sandhu Sherine , Braat Sabine , Hart Roger , Norman Robert , Parle Anna , Lew Raelia , Hickey Martha 
Published: November 2022

Background: Uptake of elective egg freezing has increased globally. The decision to freeze eggs is complex, and detailed, unbiased information is needed. To address this, we developed an online Decision Aid for women considering elective egg freezing. Decision Aids are the standard of care to support complex health decisions. Objectives: This study will measure the impact of the Decision Aid on decision-making (e.g. decisional conflict, engagement in decision-making, distress, and decision delay) and decision quality (e.g. knowledge, level of informed choice, and regret). Methods and Analysis: A single-blinded two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Women considering elective egg freezing will be recruited using social media, newsletters, and fertility clinics. Data will be collected at baseline (recruitment), 6-month, and 12-month post-randomization. The primary hypothesis is that the intervention (Decision Aid plus Victorian Assisted Reproductive Technology Authority website) will reduce decisional conflict (measured using the Decisional Conflict Scale) at 12 months more than control (Victorian Assisted Reproductive Technology Authority website only). Secondary outcomes include engagement in decision-making (Perceived Involvement in Care Scale), distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale), decision delay, knowledge, informed choice (Multi-dimensional Measure of Informed Choice), and decisional regret (Decisional Regret Scale). Ethics: The study was approved by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (Ethics ID: 2056457). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. Discussion: This is the first international randomized controlled trial that aims to investigate the effect of an elective egg freezing Decision Aid on decision-related outcomes (e.g. decisional conflict, informed choice, and regret). It is anticipated that participants who receive the Decision Aid will have better decision and health outcomes. Registration details: ACTRN12620001032943: Comparing different information resources on the process and quality of decision-making in women considering elective egg freezing.
Is it necessary to fix basal fractures of the ulnar styloid after anterior plate fixation of distal radius fractures? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Afifi Ahmed , Mansour Ayman 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the necessity for surgical fixation of basal fractures of the ulnar styloid without distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability, after stabilization of associated distal radial fractures using an anterior plate. This single-centre, prospective, randomized controlled trial, conducted between 2015 to 2021, included 43 patients in each study arm who were randomized to either fixation (Group A) or non-operative treatment (Group B) of the ulnar styloid. The mean follow-up period was 24 months (SD 5.2) in Group A and 23.9 months (SD 5.5) in Group B. At the final follow-up, patients were evaluated by the Disabilities of the Shoulder, Arm, and Hand (DASH) score, the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the grip strength, wrist range of motion. The DASH score was 6 (SD 2.6) in Group A and 6 (SD 2.4) in Group B; the MMWS was 87 (SD 5.6) in Group A and 87 (SD 5.6) in Group B; and the grip strength was 88% (SD 9.4) in Group A and 87% (SD 7.7) in Group B. In conclusion, fixation of basal ulnar styloid fractures is not mandatory if the DRUJ is stable after rigid fixation of the associated fracture of the distal radius. Level of evidence: II
Colonoscopy Following an Abnormal Fecal Test Result from an Annual Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in a Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Escaron Anne L. , Garcia Joanna , Petrik Amanda F. , Ruiz Esmeralda , Nyongesa Denis B. , Thompson Jamie H. , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: November 2022

Objective: Individuals with an abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) result have an elevated risk of colorectal cancer, and the risk increases if the follow-up colonoscopy is delayed. Of note, rates of follow-up colonoscopy are alarmingly low in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), US health care settings that serve a majority racial and ethnic minority patient population. We assessed factors associated with colonoscopy after an abnormal FIT result and used chart-abstracted data to assess reasons (including process measures) for lack of follow-up as part of an annual, mailed-FIT outreach program within a large, Latino-serving FQHC. Methods: As part of the National Institutes of Health-funded PROMPT study, we identified patients with an abnormal FIT result and used logistic regression to assess associations between patient demographics and receipt of follow-up colonoscopy, controlling for patients’ preferred language. We report on time (days) to referral and time to colonoscopy. For charts with an abnormal FIT result but no evidence of colonoscopy, we performed a manual abstraction and obtained the reason for the absence of colonoscopy. When there was no evidence of colonoscopy in a patient’s electronic health record (EHR), we performed an automated query of the administrative claims database to identify colonoscopy outcomes. Results: We identified 324 patients with abnormal FIT results from July to October 2018. These patients were mostly publicly insured (Medicaid 53.1%, Medicare 14.5%), 81.8% were aged 50 to 64 years, 55.3% were female, 80.3% were Hispanic/Latino, and 67.3% preferred to speak Spanish. We found that 108/324 (33.3%) patients completed colonoscopy within 12 months, and the median time to colonoscopy was 94 days (IQR: 68-176). Common barriers to colonoscopy completion, obtained from chart-abstracted data, were: no documentation following referral to gastrointestinal (GI) specialist or GI consultation (41.6%), no referral to GI specialist following abnormal fecal test (34.2%), and absence of a valid insurance authorization (6.5%). Conclusions: Multi-level strategies are needed to provide optimal care across the cancer continuum for FQHC patients. In order to reduce the risk of CRC and realize the return on fecal testing investment, concerted system-level efforts are urgently needed to improve rates of follow-up colonoscopy among FQHC patients and redress racial and ethnic disparities in CRC screening outcomes.
Comparison of Safety and Perioperative Outcomes Between Patient-specific Template-Guided and Fluoroscopic-Assisted Freehand Lumbar Screw Placement Using Cortical Bone Trajectory Technique
Authors: Matsukawa Keitaro , Kaito Takashi , Abe Yuichiro 
Published: November 2022

Study Design Non-randomized prospective controlled study Objectives To compare the safety and perioperative outcomes between patient-specific template-guided and fluoroscopic-assisted freehand techniques in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using cortical bone trajectory (CBT). Methods The subjects consisted of 94 consecutive patients who underwent single-level TLIF using CBT. The standard trajectory was set so as to start from the pars interarticularis, pass the inferior border of the pedicle, and end around the middle of the vertebral endplate. Template guide technique was performed in 66 patients (Guide group), and fluoroscopic-assisted freehand technique was performed in 28 patients (Freehand group). Intraoperative parameters, screw placement accuracy, and complications were compared between the two techniques. Results The Guide group had significantly shorter operative and radiation exposure times than the Freehand group (operative time 84.6 ± 16.7 vs 93.0 ± 15.0 minutes; P = .023, radiation exposure time 7.0 ± 6.0 vs 20.4 ± 11.8 seconds; P < .001, respectively). The screw diameter and the screw insertion depth in the vertebra in the Guide group were significantly greater than those in the Freehand group. The degree and incidence of facet joint violation were comparable between the two groups, while the accuracy of screw placement was significantly different, with no perforation rate of 97.7% in the Guide group vs 82.1% in the Freehand group ( P < .001). No significant difference was found in the rate of clinically relevant complications between the two groups. Conclusions The template-guided technique provided a safe and highly accurate option for CBT screw placement.
Complications of Elbow Arthroscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Abdulaziz F. , Alzobi Osama Z. , Hantouly Ashraf T. , Toubasi Ammar , Farsakoury Rana , Alkhelaifi Khalid , Zikria Bashir 
Published: November 2022

Background: Elbow arthroscopic surgery has been popularized and has made significant progress during the past 3 decades. The elbow joint is relatively small and is in close proximity to many neurovascular structures. These factors make elbow arthroscopic surgery technically demanding and liable to complications. Purpose: To evaluate the rate of complications after elbow arthroscopic surgery. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to perform this systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to July 2021. All clinical studies that reported complications after elbow arthroscopic surgery were included; a total of 1208 articles were initially found. Case reports, reviews, abstracts, imaging studies, technique studies, nonclinical studies, and those not reporting postoperative complications were excluded. Complication rates were pooled across studies and reported as percentages. Complications were expressed as weighted proportions with 95% CIs. Results: A total of 95 studies (14,289 elbows) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall weighted complication rate was 11.0% (95% CI, 8.8%-13.5%), with postoperative stiffness being the most commonly encountered complication (4.5% [95% CI, 2.1%-7.6%]; 158/8818 procedures). The second most encountered complication was the need for subsequent surgery with a weighted proportion of 4.1% (95% CI, 2.9%-5.6%; 177/8853 procedures) followed by nerve injury with a weighted proportion of 3.4% (95% CI, 2.6%-4.3%; 267/13,725 procedures). The ulnar nerve was the most commonly injured nerve (2.6% [95% CI, 1.9%-3.4%]; 123/6290 procedures). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that elbow arthroscopic surgery is a relatively safe procedure with low complication rates.
Quality of life and coping strategies used by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Oman
Authors: ALBusaidi Alya Mohammed Said , ALMasroori Salima Ali Saud , Awladthani Balqees Mohammed Said , ALKhaldi Sumaiya Abdullah , Al Alawi Noof , Al Salmani Asma Ali 
Published: November 2022

Objective Raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can have a significant impact on quality of life (QOL). This study was conducted to assess the QOL and coping strategies of parents of children with ASD in Oman. Method This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Masarra psychiatric hospital. Telephone interviews were conducted with the parents of all children diagnosed with ASD and attending Al-Masarra Hospital between January 2018 and October 2021. Data were collected using the Ways of Coping Checklist-Revised and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Brief. Results A total of 304 parents participated in the study (response rate: 100%), of which 59.5% were female. The mean age of the parents and children with ASD was 40.4 ± 6.9 and 8.4 ± 2.3 years, respectively. Most children with ASD were male (78.3%) and entirely dependent upon their parents (18.1%). Seeking social support was the most common coping strategy (75.53 ± 13.99), while escape avoidance was the least common (51.78 ± 8.04). Most parents (48.7%) rated their QOL as good to very good, with acceptable scores in the psychological (70.92 ± 11.22) and social (73.27 ± 11.46) domains, borderline in the physical health domain (63.51 ± 7.77), and poor in the environmental domain (58.31 ± 11.00). Conclusions Omani parents of children with ASD utilize various coping strategies, with coping skills considered a positive index for mental health in general. No significant differences were observed between Omani fathers and mothers in terms of QOL or coping strategies.
The Compassionate Communities Connectors model for end-of-life care: implementation and evaluation
Authors: Aoun Samar M. , Richmond Robyn , Gunton Kerry , Noonan Kerrie , Abel Julian , Rumbold Bruce 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This pilot project aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a model of care delivered by community volunteers, called Compassionate Communities Connectors. The Connectors’ principal task was to support people living with advanced life-limiting illnesses or palliative care needs by enhancing their supportive networks with Caring Helpers enlisted from the local community. Methods: The project was undertaken in Western Australia, 2020–2022. A mixed methods research design incorporated a prospective cohort longitudinal design with two cross-sectional measurements, pre- and post-intervention. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on social connectedness. Secondary outcomes were the effect of the intervention on unmet practical or social needs and support from social networks, and the self-reported impact of the programme on social wellbeing such as coping with daily activities, access to formal services, community links, social activity and reducing social isolation. Results: Twenty Connectors were trained but 13 participated; 43 patients participated but 30 completed the study. Over half of these patients lived alone and 80% of their needs were in the social domain. There were significant improvements in social connectedness, reflected in reduced social isolation, better coping with daily activities and a two-fold increase in supportive networks. The programme was able to address gaps that formal services could not, particularly for people who lived alone, or were socially isolated in more rural communities that are out of the frequent reach of formal services. Conclusions: This project led to an ongoing programme that has been incorporated by the health service as ‘business as usual’, demonstrating rapid translation into practice. It has laid solid grounds for community capacity building with successful measurable outcomes in line with reports on similar programmes. Ongoing work is focused on replication in other communities to help them establish a similar model of care that better integrates formal and informal networks.
Characterization of Domestication Loci Associated with Awn Development in Rice
Authors: Luong Ngoc Ha , Balkunde Sangshetty G. , Shim Kyu-Chan , Adeva Cheryl , Lee Hyun-Sook , Kim Hyun-Jung , Ahn Sang-Nag 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a widely studied domesticated model plant. Seed awning is an unfavorable trait during rice harvesting and processing. Hence, loss of awn was one of the target characters selected during domestication. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying awn development in rice are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed and characterized the genes for awn development using a mapping population derived from a cross between the Korean indica cultivar ‘Milyang23’ and a near-isogenic line NIL4/9 derived from a cross between ‘Hwaseong’ and Oryza minuta. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qAwn4 and qAwn9, mapped on chromosomes 4 and 9, respectively, increased awn length in an additive manner. Through comparative sequencing analyses of the parental lines, LABA1 was determined as the causal gene underlying qAwn4. qAwn9 was mapped to a 199-kb physical region between markers RM24663 and RM24679. Within this interval, 27 annotated genes were identified, and five genes, including a basic leucine zipper transcription factor 76 (OsbZIP76), were considered as candidate genes for qAwn9 based on their functional annotations and sequence variations. Haplotype analysis using the candidate gene revealed tropical-japonica specific sequence variants in the qAwn9 region, which partly explains the non-detection of qAwn9 in previous studies that used progenies from interspecific crosses. This provides further evidence that OsbZIP76 is possibly a causal gene for qAwn9. The O. minuta qAwn9 allele was identified as a major QTL, providing an important molecular target for understanding the genetic control of awn development in rice. Our results lay the foundation for further cloning of the awn gene underlying qAwn9.
Scalable transcriptomics analysis with Dask: applications in data science and machine learning
Authors: Moreno Marta , Vilaça Ricardo , Ferreira Pedro G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Gene expression studies are an important tool in biological and biomedical research. The signal carried in expression profiles helps derive signatures for the prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of different diseases. Data science and specifically machine learning have many applications in gene expression analysis. However, as the dimensionality of genomics datasets grows, scalable solutions become necessary.

Methods
In this paper we review the main steps and bottlenecks in machine learning pipelines, as well as the main concepts behind scalable data science including those of concurrent and parallel programming. We discuss the benefits of the Dask framework and how it can be integrated with the Python scientific environment to perform data analysis in computational biology and bioinformatics.

Results
This review illustrates the role of Dask for boosting data science applications in different case studies. Detailed documentation and code on these procedures is made available at https://github.com/martaccmoreno/gexp-ml-dask.

Conclusion
By showing when and how Dask can be used in transcriptomics analysis, this review will serve as an entry point to help genomic data scientists develop more scalable data analysis procedures.
Fruit scent as an honest signal for fruit quality
Authors: Nevo Omer , Valenta Kim , Helman Annabella , Ganzhorn Jörg U. , Ayasse Manfred 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFleshy fruits evolved to be attractive to seed dispersers through various signals such as color and scent. Signals can evolve through different trajectories and have various degrees of reliability. The strongest substrate on which reliable signals can evolve is when there is an inherent link between signal and reward, rendering cheating costly or impossible. It was recently proposed that aliphatic esters in fruit scent may be predictive of sugar content due to their synthesis from products of sugar fermentation. We test this hypothesis on a case study of wild fig species (Ficus tiliifolia) from Madagascar, which relies on seed dispersal by lemurs.ResultsWe found a strong positive correlation between signal (esters) and reward (sugar). We also found that non-esters, including direct fermentation products, in fruit scent do not indicate sugar levels, which implies that this relationship is not simply a product of fruit maturation wherein more mature fruits emit more scent and contain more sugar.ConclusionsWhile based on a single taxon, these results strongly support the hypothesis that a biochemical link between ester synthesis and sugar may render the ester fraction of fruit scent an honest signal for fruit quality, with consequences for animal sensory and feeding ecology, and the evolution of plants in the context of seed dispersal.