bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI BAKU MUTU PROBIOTIK IKAN BERBAHAN DASAR AIR LIMBAH CUCIAN BERAS, KULIT BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum), DAN FERMENTASI EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera)
Authors: Atho'illah M. , Fadila Mara Dwi , Junaedi Abdus Salam 
Published: March 2022

Probiotik merupakan mikroba hidup dengan sifat menguntungkan. Jumlah air limbah cucian beras sangat melimpah dan memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang cukup banyak, terutama karbohidrat sebesar 85-90%. Air limbah kulit bawang putih berfungsi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri seperti Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Salmonella enteritidis. Daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) merupakan tumbuhan yang mempunyai kandungan protein sebesar 27-29%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kombinasi terbaik probiotik yang dapat digunakan dalam budidaya perikanan guna meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kualitas ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial (RAF) 4x4 dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama berupa kultur fermentasi ekstrak daun kelor yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu 10%; 20%; 30%; dan 40% dengan kombinasi antara air limbah cucian beras dan air limbah kulit bawang putih sebesar 1:1. Faktor kedua berupa lama waktu fermentasi probiotik yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu 1; 2; 3; dan 4 minggu. Kontrol negatif berupa air limbah cucian beras dan kulit bawang putih dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan kontrol positif dengan penambahan probiotik EM4 berkonsentrasi 10%. Setiap perlakuan diuji menggunakan 3 pengulangan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode observatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa probiotik ikan yang diamati menghasilkan pelet pada permukaan dasar wadah fermentasi, gelembung gas, perubahan warna menjadi cokelat kuning, perubahan bentuk wadah fermentasi, bau khas seperti bau tape, dan tidak adanya kontaminasi jamur. Probiotics are a living microbe with a beneficial nature. Rice dishwater is plentiful and has a good amount of nutrition, especially a carbohydrate of 85-90%. Garlic skin wastewater helps prevent the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis. Kelor (Moringa oleifera) is a plant that has a protein content of 27-29%. The aim of this study is to evaluate the best possible combination of probiotics that can be used in fisheries cultivation to promote the growth and quality of fish. The study uses randomly vectorial design 4x4 with 2 factors. The first factor is the four treatments fermentation culture extract of kelor leaves, which is 10%; 20%; 30%; and 40% by the combination of rice dishwater and garlic wastewater by 1:1. The second factor is long-term probiotic fermentation, consisting of 4 treatments, 1; 2; 3; and 4 weeks. The negative control of rice and garlic skin dishwater by comparison 1:1 and positive control with an additional probiotic EM4 concentrates 10%. Each treatment is tested using three repetitions. This research method using observative. Research indicates that probiotic fish observed produce pellets on the ground surfaces of fermentation containers, gas bubbles, discoloration to yellow chocolate, fermentation containers change in shape, typically smells like tape, and an absence of fungal contamination.
The Reduplication Process of Balantak Language: A Minority Austronesian Language of Eastern Sulawesi
Authors: Pamolango Valentino , Young Ho Cho 
Published: March 2022

Indonesia has many local languages. One of the local languages used in Indonesia is Balantak language. It is used by people who live in 5 (five) sub-districts in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi. In Balantak language, there are a number of words which are formed by using reduplication.
Reduplication is found in many languages but is quite diverse as a process and in its. Due to reduplicated words in Balantak language, the writers are interested in analyzing the problem statement about: What are the forms of reduplicated words in Balantak language?
Reduplication is the repetition of an entire word or part of the word. According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010), reduplications are a very common morphological operation, whereby part of the base orthe complete base is copied and attached to the base (either preceding or following it). In Balantak language both forms of reduplication are found full reduplication and partial reduplication, and each form consists of various kind of words.
Quercetin inhibits cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid-beta 25–35 via stimulating estrogen receptor α, activating ERK1/2, and inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Liu Liangjing , Liu Yang , Zhen Yanjie , Guo Tonglin , Wang Cui , Shen Lixia , Li Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The lack of estrogen is one of the risk factors for AD. Quercetin is a phytoestrogen with a chemical structure similar to that of estrogen. However, the mechanism by which quercetin prevents AD is unclear. PC12 cells were cultured with Aβ25–35 for 24 h. Then the cells were further treated with 17β-estradiol, genistein, and quercetin for another 24 h, respectively. Next, ICI182780 and U0126 were used to study the mechanisms of estrogen-like neuroprotection. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to detect cell survival. The protein expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot. The survival of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25–35 was increased by quercetin. The levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 were improved by quercetin, but not those of ERβ. On the contrary, Bcl-2/Bax was increased and the expression of Caspase-3 was decreased. When the cell was pretreated with ICI182780, the p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased, but Caspase-3 expression was increased. In addition, pretreatment with U0126 would reduce Bcl-2/Bax ratio and increase Caspase-3 protein expression. Conclusively, quercetin plays a neuroprotective role through the ER pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The MAPK signaling pathways could also be activated by quercetin via the mediation of ERα.
Asymptotic behavior of even-order noncanonical neutral differential equations
Authors: Moaaz Osama , Muhib Ali , Abdeljawad Thabet , Santra Shyam S. , Anis Mona 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, we study the asymptotic behavior of even-order neutral delay differential equation

(

a
⋅

(

u
+
ρ
⋅
u

∘

τ

)

(

n
−
1

)

)

′

(

ℓ

)

+
h

(

ℓ

)

u

(

g

(

ℓ

)

)

=
0
,

ℓ
≥

ℓ

0

,

{(a\cdot {(u+\rho \cdot u\circ \tau )}^{(n-1)})}^{^{\prime} }(\ell )+h(\ell )u(g(\ell ))=0,\hspace{1.0em}\ell \ge {\ell }_{0},

where

n
≥
4

n\ge 4

, and in noncanonical case, that is,

∫

∞

a

−
1

(

s

)

d
s
<
∞
.

\mathop{\int }\limits^{\infty }{a}^{-1}\left(s){\rm{d}}s\lt \infty .

To the best of our knowledge, most of the previous studies were concerned only with the study of

n

n

-order neutral equations in canonical case. By using comparison principle and Riccati transformation technique, we obtain new criteria which ensure that every solution of the studied equation is either oscillatory or converges to zero. Examples are presented to illustrate our new results.
A study of a meromorphic perturbation of the sine family
Authors: Domínguez Patricia , Vázquez Josué 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamics of a meromorphic perturbation of the family

λ
sin
z

\lambda \sin z

by adding a pole at zero and a parameter

μ

\mu

, that is,

f

λ
,
μ

(

z

)

=
λ
sin
z
+
μ

/

z

{f}_{\lambda ,\mu }\left(z)=\lambda \sin z+\mu \hspace{-0.08em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.08em}z

, where

λ
,
μ
∈
C

⧹

{

0

}

\lambda ,\mu \in {\mathbb{C}}\hspace{-0.16em}\setminus \hspace{-0.16em}\left\{0\right\}

. We study some geometrical properties of

f

λ
,
μ

{f}_{\lambda ,\mu }

and prove that the imaginary axis is invariant under

f

n

{f}^{n}

and belongs to the Julia set when

∣
λ
∣
≥
1

| \lambda | \ge 1

. We give a set of parameters

(

λ
,
μ

)

\left(\lambda ,\mu )

, such that the Fatou set of

f

λ
,
μ

{f}_{\lambda ,\mu }

has two super-attracting domains. If

λ
=
1

\lambda =1

and

μ
∈

(

0
,
2

)

\mu \in \left(0,2)

, the Fatou set of

f

1
,
μ

{f}_{1,\mu }

has two attracting domains. Also, we give parameters

λ
,
μ

\lambda ,\mu

such that

±
π

/

2

\pm \pi \hspace{-0.08em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.08em}2

are fixed points of

f

λ
,
μ

{f}_{\lambda ,\mu }

and the Fatou set of

f

λ
,
μ

{f}_{\lambda ,\mu }

contains attracting domains, parabolic domains, and Siegel discs, we present examples of these domains. This paper closes with an example of

f

λ
,
μ

{f}_{\lambda ,\mu }

, where the Fatou set contains two types of domains, for

λ
,
μ

\lambda ,\mu

given.
Lernorte der Politischen Bildung
Authors: Widmaier Benedikt 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungNon-formale politische Bildung wird in Deutschland von „freien“ Trägern der Zivilgesellschaft angeboten. Geleitet durch demokratietheoretische Überlegungen in Gesetzgebung und Bildungspolitik ist dabei die Zusammenarbeit zwischen staatlichen Institutionen und freien Trägern subsidiär und partnerschaftlich geregelt. Eine stärkere staatliche Top-Down-Steuerung mit einschlägigen Programmen, hohen finanziellen Anreizen und bestimmten gesetzlichen Vorhaben könnten diese Rahmenbedingungen dauerhaft verändern.
GC-MS analysis of curculigo orchiodes and medicinal herbs with cytotoxic, hepatoprotective attributes of ethanolic extract from Indian origin
Authors: Singh Vedpal , Lall Namrita , Wadhwani Ashish , Dhanabal Sangai P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Liver illnesses are a major public health issue all over the world. Medicinal plants constituents a viable alternative for the development of phytopharmaceuticals with hepatoprotective activity in order to solve some of these health-related problems. The present study is focused on the phytochemical and biological investigation on Indian traditional medicinal plant extracts, for their cytotoxic and hepatoprotective activity. The isolated compounds showed the presence of phenolic constituents which lead to cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity of medicinal plant. Cancer causes about 13% of all human deaths in 2007 (7.6 million) (American Cancer Society and WHO December 2006–07). The American Cancer Society estimates that 12,990 new cases of cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the United States year 2016. Cancer-related deaths are expected to increase, with an estimated 11.4 million deaths in 2030.

Methods
The ethanolic extracts of Centella asiatica, Myristica fragrans, Trichosanthes palmata, Woodfordia fruticosa, Curculigo orchioides were evaluated against HEP-G2 cell lines for hepatoprotective activity and Curculigo orchioides was further promoted for the isolation of secondary metabolites based on inhibitory concentration.

Results
The ethanolic extracts of C. asiatica, M. fragrans, T. palmata, W. fruticosa, Curculigo orchioides shown significant cytotoxic activity (IC50≤100 μg/mL). The plant extracts also shown significant hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner when tested against HEP-G2 cell lines and cytotoxicity studies against HeLa and HEP-G2 cells.

Conclusions
The extract of Curculigo orchiodes rhizome showed significant cytotoxicity results. Hence the Curculigo orchiodes rhizome was selected for further phytochemical studies to isolate active compounds and their Characterization by GCMS.
The crystal structure of poly[diaqua-(μ3-5-nitrobenzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylato-κ
3
O:O′:O′)-(μ2-4,4′-dipyridylamine-κ
2
N:N′)copper(II)], C38H30Cu3N8O20
Authors: Hong Dong-Feng , Chen Ye , Zhu Wen-Li 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C38H30Cu3N8O20, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.2659(3) Å, b = 11.7245(3) Å, c = 12.6837(4) Å, α = 77.466(3)°, β = 73.915(3)°, γ = 75.794(3)°, V = 993.50(6) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0334, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0842, T = 291 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-bis[μ
2-6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)nicotinato-κ2
N,O]copper(II)], C18H14N6O5Cu
Authors: Hong Dong-Feng , Li Meng-Fei , Chu Tian-Tian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C18H14N6O5Cu, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 14.1337(5) Å, b = 5.8568(2) Å, c = 21.2295(6) Å, β = 105.074(3)°, V = 1696.87(10) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0239, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0603, T = 293 K.
Towards a Phenomenology of Kenosis: Thinking after the Theological Turn
Authors: Cassidy-Deketelaere Nikolaas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhat could it mean to think “after the theological turn”? This article proposes one possible answer by reframing the theological turn in light of the way in which Paul’s kenosis serves as a metaphor for deconstruction in a variety of continental philosophers who are all nevertheless hostile to overt theologising. Tracking this notion through the history of theology and philosophy, the article argues that it has been philosophically appropriated so as to indicate the point within the Christian theological complex that constitutes its fatal agent by setting in motion Christianity’s own self-deconstruction or de-theologisation. This dynamic, which implies that every engagement with theology ultimately carries itself outside of theology proper, will then allow the article to reconceive the gesture operated by phenomenology’s theological turn: in their right turn towards theology, the philosopher must be careful not to simply remain stuck there, for it only serves their investigation insofar as this engagement is precisely what allows them to turn away from “the theological,” or for phenomenology de-theologise itself. By drawing out the kenotic motif in contemporary continental philosophy and connecting it to phenomenology’s theological turn, the article thus argues that what is needed now is a deconstruction of the theological turn. This can be accomplished by way of what the article proposes to call a “phenomenology of kenosis”: namely, a phenomenology that starts from theology (Paul’s notion of kenosis), precisely so as to move beyond it (to de-theologise itself).
Locally invasive classical papillary thyroid carcinoma with TSH receptor I568T mutation: case report
Authors: Nguyen Jay , Joseph Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Autonomous thyroid adenomas are caused by activating mutations in the genes encoding the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) or mutations in the Gas subunit of the TSHR. Nodules with suspicious sonographic features should be submitted to fine-needle aspiration. Additional molecular testing may be performed to characterize the thyroid nodule’s malignant potential further. We present a patient who underwent whole-transcriptome RNA-sequencing that indicated a TSHR I568T mutation after an ultrasound showed suspicious sonographic features and fine-needle aspiration was ‘suspicious for malignancy’. The patient underwent thyroid resection and was found to have a locally invasive classical papillary thyroid carcinoma. Most reports of TSHR I568T mutation have been seen in patients with benign thyroid conditions. While there is insufficient data to suggest that the TSHR I568T mutation causes aggressive thyroid malignancy, we believe clinicians who identify the presence of this mutation on genome sequencing should be cautious about the possibility of locally invasive thyroid malignancy, especially when associated with Bethesda V cytopathology.

Learning points

Germline and somatic activating mutations in the genes coding for the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) have been frequently reported in familial and sporadic autonomous thyroid adenomas and non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism.

Most reports of TSHR I568T mutation have been detected in patients with benign thyroid conditions.

We present a patient who underwent whole-transcriptome RNA-sequencing that indicated a TSHR I568T mutation and subsequently underwent thyroid resection and was found to have a locally invasive classical papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Clinicians who identify the presence of TSHR I568T mutation on genome sequencing should be cautious about the possibility of locally invasive thyroid malignancy, especially when associated with Bethesda V cytopathology.
Urban Development of Merkinė Town in the 16th–18th Centuries
Authors: Buržinskas Žygimantas 
Published: March 2022

This study presents data reflecting the urban development of Merkinė in the 16th–18th centuries. The old names of the city streets and the development of the street structure are analyzed. After the analysis of historical sources, the approximate location of the lost masonry and other town buildings is presented, as well as the data of residential and public town buildings and the manor house. In the 16th–18th centuries, wooden buildings dominated in the town, but sources testify that, especially before the mid-17th century war, brick residential buildings were also built in the main town streets. Along with the town hall, the parish church dominated in the structure of the town, as well as the churches and monasteries of the Jesuit residence and the Dominican convent, and on the top of the town a wooden St. Peter’s and St. Paul’s Church stood, which was to be prominently seen in the town’s skyline.
The Research of Clay Tobacco Pipes and Its Methodological Aspects
Authors: Žvirblys Atas 
Published: March 2022

Clay pipes are quite a common finding in the study of urban cultural strata, a dozen thousand fragments of them are counted in the collections of Lithuania museums. Nevertheless, the terminology of these of tobacco pipes is not yet quite settled in Lithuania, and archaeologists who investigate urban areas do not even have a methodical material published in Lithuanian. The article aims to distinguish and define the methodological aspects of the analysis of clay tobacco pipes dated from the first half of 17th century to 19th century, which would be suitable for the Lithuanian context. At the beginning of this article, the history of clay tobacco pipes research is analyzed in a methodological aspect, the links to the whole development of archaeology science are presented, and the current tendencies in the tobacco pipes researches are described. The other chapters focus on the matters of clay pipes terminology, methods of analysis, and dating. Considering the locally produced and imported pipes found in Lithuania, methodical matters of recording and describing these findings are analyzed, as well as possible interpretations of the collected data.
Language Learning through Interaction: Issues in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Tshering Karma 
Published: March 2022

This study was done to investigate how children acquire and learn languages as they grow mentally and physically. The theories of second language acquisition state that the dominating factor affecting second language acquisition are motivation, cognitive style, sociocultural, and other linguistic factors. The Behaviorist Theory of Language acquisition states that children learn language through motivation while the Cognitivist theory claims that language develops through the concepts of memory and time. Likewise, the Innatists claim that children are born with an innate quality of universal grammar to acquire language automatically as they grow. The socioculturalists claim that language acquisition and learning occurs through social interaction without having required to force them to learn a language. The paper found that “input” factor has improved and progressed the linguistic competence of the learners which is seen in Bhutanese children being able to understand more than two languages like Nepali and Hindi. Most of the Bhutanese children understand the above two languages without
having attended any formal classes but all learned through the “Input” factors of exposure to television and contacts. The findings of this paper indicated that conversational interaction in second language learning had enhanced the language development of children at a young age.
Reflective teaching a requisite for Teacher Professional Development-A case Study in secondary education in the Kingdom of Bhutan
Authors: Pokhrel Sumitra 
Published: March 2022

This study attempts to present reflective teaching practice as a tool for educators for continued professional development. Reflective teaching allows to adopt and develop classroom practices making educator a lifelong learner. Enhancing the quality of teacher to improve the quality of education is one of the strategies of education system of many countries ,including Bhutan. Education system of Bhutan is built on the unique Bhutanese values of tha dam- tshig ley gjudrey and philosophies of child centeredness, inclusivity and lifelong learning. Upholding these values, educator must engage in introspecting their teaching practices, analyzing how something was taught and ways to improve/modify practices to enhance academic performance of the learner. The purpose of this paper is to promote reflective thinking and reflective teaching practice among educators and adopt better technique of teaching methods to suit the evolving learning need of the students. It is also to encourage continuous enhancement of teaching profession. It incorporates the case study carried out for a considerable group of students in the class levels where the researcher was teaching. The case study throws some light on how different
components of classroom teaching is implemented and identifies adjustments required.
Evaluating Content Validity of an Instrument to Assess Teachers’ Practice of Differentiated Instruction (IATPDI)
Authors: Dorji Tshering , Nima Pelden 
Published: March 2022

The present study developed and evaluated the content validity of a survey questionnaire titled, “Instrument to Assess Teachers’ Practice of
Differentiated Instruction (IATPDI).” The items of IATPDI questionnaire were adapted from the pre-existing survey questionnaires and existing literatures on differentiated instruction. To quantify content validity of IATPDI questionnaire, a pre-developed survey questionnaire with 40 items was emailed to two established content experts to: (1) rate each item in terms of its clarity and relevancy to the measured domain; (2) evaluate which item should be deleted or revised; and (3) get recommendation about whether additional items are needed to
adequately tap the domain of interest. The Delphi method was used to collect the data. Subsequently, two rounds of Delphi process culminated in a revised and refined IATPDI questionnaire with 40 simplified items divided into four sections. Content validity of IATPDI questionnaire was quantified by calculating content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI) and modified kappa statistics, which indicated high content validity of the 40 items. Taken together, the results show that the IATPDI questionnaire is a content valid instrument.
Effectiveness of Group Work in the Colleges of Royal University of Bhutan
Authors: Utha Karma , Tshering Tshering 
Published: March 2022

Group work has become an essential assessment practice to enhance students' learning and develop social skills in all higher education
institutions. The study was undertaken to find out the effectiveness of group work. A mixed method sequential explanatory design was
adopted with 181 tutors and 1241 students of nine constituent colleges of Royal University of Bhutan. The findings revealed that the students
prefer group work and were aware of its benefits. However, the individual and group accountability were lacking leading to the presence of free riders. Further, awarding the same grade on a task irrespective of individuals’ contribution has led to increased free riders resulting in preference of individual tasks. Unless documentation is used for fair assessment, giving the same grade is seen as not a viable
option in the current practice. Also, group work lacked interdependence due to division of work among members leading to limited opportunities for students to collaborate and enhance their social skills. Some of the recommendations are: to pay attention to group work design to promote interdependence in enhancing learning and social skills; to use documentation as evidence for group work assessment to minimize free riders; and to conduct a study to find out whether use of documentation in group work assignments leads to individual
accountability.