bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test in general practice – a prospective multicenter validation and implementation study
Authors: Rohde Jörn , Himmel Wolfgang , Hofinger Clemens , Lâm Thiên-Trí , Schrader Hanna , Wallstabe Julia , Kurzai Oliver , Gágyor Ildikó 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
PCR testing is considered the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis but its results are earliest available hours to days after testing. Rapid antigen tests represent a diagnostic tool enabling testing at the point of care. Rapid antigen tests have mostly been validated by the manufacturer or in controlled laboratory settings only. External validation at the point of care, particularly in general practice where the test is frequently used, is needed. Furthermore, it is unclear how well point of care tests are accepted by the practice staff.

Methods
In this prospective multicenter validation study in primary care, general practitioners included adult individuals presenting with symptoms suggesting COVID-19. Each patient was tested by the general practitioner, first with a nasopharyngeal swab for the point of care test (Roche SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test) and then with a second swab for PCR testing. Using the RT-PCR result as a reference, we calculated specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, with their 95% confidence intervals. General practitioners and medical assistants completed a survey to assess feasibility and usefulness of the point of care tests.

Results
In 40 practices in Würzburg, Germany, 1518 patients were recruited between 12/2020 and 06/2021. The point of care test achieved a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 99.5% compared to RT-PCR. With a prevalence of 9.5%, the positive predictive value was 93.9% and the negative predictive value was 97.8%. General practitioners rated the point of care test as a helpful tool to support diagnostics in patients with signs and symptoms suggestive for infection, particularly in situations where decision on further care is needed at short notice.

Conclusion
The point of care test used in this study showed a sensitivity below the manufacturer’s specification (Sensitivity 96.25%) in the practice but high values for specificity and high positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Although widely accepted in the practice, measures for further patient management require a sensitive interpretation of the point of care test results.
Development and application of an electronic synoptic report for reporting and management of low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening examination
Authors: Tremblay Alain , Ezer Nicole , Burrowes Paul , MacGregor John Henry , Lee Andrew , Armstrong Gavin A. , Pereira Raoul , Bristow Michael , Taylor Jana L. , MacEachern Paul , Taghizadeh Niloofar , Koetzler Rommy , Bedard Eric 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Interpretation of Low Dose CT scans and protocol driven management of findings is a key aspect of lung cancer screening program performance. Reliable and reproducible methods are needed to communicate radiologists’ interpretation to the screening program or clinicians driving management decision.

Methods
We performed an audit of a subset of dictated reports from the PANCAN study to assess for omissions. We developed an electronic synoptic reporting tool for radiologists embedded in a clinical documentation system software. The tool was then used for reporting as part of the Alberta Lung Cancer Screening Study and McGill University Health Centre Pilot Lung Cancer Screening Program.

Results
Fifty reports were audited for completeness. At least one omission was noted in 30 (70%) of reports, with a major omission (missing lobe, size, type of nodule in report or actionable incidental finding in recommendation section of report) in 24 (48%). Details of the reporting template and functionality such as automated nodule cancer risk assessment, Lung-RADS category assignment, auto-generated narrative type report as well as personalize participant results letter is provided. A description of the system’s performance in its application in 2815 CT reports is then summarized.

Conclusions
We found that narrative type radiologist reports for lung cancer screening CT examinations frequently lacked specific discrete data elements required for management. We demonstrate the successful implementation of a radiology synoptic reporting system for use in lung cancer screening, and the use of this information to drive program management and communications.
Serum biomarkers of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier leakage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cao Maize C. , Cawston Erin E. , Chen Grace , Brooks Collin , Douwes Jeroen , McLean Dave , Graham E. Scott , Dragunow Mike , Scotter Emma L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and rapidly progressive neurological disorder. Biomarkers are critical to understanding disease causation, monitoring disease progression and assessing the efficacy of treatments. However, robust peripheral biomarkers are yet to be identified. Neuroinflammation and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are common to familial and sporadic ALS and may produce a unique biomarker signature in peripheral blood. Using cytometric bead array (n = 15 participants per group (ALS or control)) and proteome profiling (n = 6 participants per group (ALS or control)), we assessed a total of 106 serum cytokines, growth factors, and BBB breakdown markers in the serum of control and ALS participants. Further, primary human brain pericytes, which maintain the BBB, were used as a biosensor of inflammation following pre-treatment with ALS serum. Principal components analysis of all proteome profile data showed no clustering of control or ALS sera, and no individual serum proteins met the threshold for statistical difference between ALS and controls (adjustedPvalues). However, the 20 most changed proteins between control and ALS sera showed a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.67) and cluster analysis of their levels together identified three sample subsets; control-only, mixed control-ALS, and ALS-only. These 20 proteins were predominantly pro-angiogenic and growth factors, including fractalkine, BDNF, EGF, PDGF, Dkk-1, MIF and angiopoietin-2. S100β, a protein highly concentrated in glial cells and therefore a marker of BBB leakage when found in blood, was unchanged in ALS serum, suggesting that serum protein profiles were reflective of peripheral rather than CNS biofluids. Finally, primary human brain pericytes remained proliferative and their secretome was unchanged by chronic exposure to ALS serum. Our exploratory study suggests that individual serum cytokine levels may not be robust biomarkers in small studies of ALS, but that larger studies using multiplexed analysis of pro-angiogenic and growth factors may identify a peripheral signature of ALS pathogenesis.
Gardnerella vaginalis purulent meningitis in an adolescent male: a case report
Authors: Lu Hongji , Du Yaming , Pan Tao , Lou Zheng , Li Huiping , Liao Yingdi , Wang Lixin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
We report a rare case of Gardnerella vaginalis found in the cerebrospinal fluid of a young boy.

Case presentation
A 14-year-old boy was admitted to hospital with headache, vomiting, fever, drowsiness and positive meningeal irritation signs on examination. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows white blood cell and protein were elevated, and glucose was low. Traditional aerobic and anaerobic culture of CSF did not grow any organisms. However, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) reveals G. vaginalis in his CSF. The patient was diagnosed with purulent meningitis, and treated with intravenous meropenem and linezolid for a week, followed by oral administration of amoxicillin for two weeks. He recovered without sequelae.

Conclusions
Purulent meningitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis is extremely rare. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of CSF should be highlighted for early diagnosis. With effective antibiotic treatment, the prognosis was excellent.
Development and validation of a prognostic scoring system for patients with colorectal cancer hepato-pulmonary metastasis: a retrospective study
Authors: Deng Shenghe , Jiang Zhenxing , Cao Yinghao , Gu Junnan , Mao Fuwei , Xue Yifan , Qin Le , Liu Ke , Wang Jiliang , Wu Ke , Cai Kailin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepato-pulmonary metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a rare disease with poor prognosis. This study aims to establish a highly efficient nomogram model to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with colorectal cancer hepato-pulmonary metastasis (CRCHPM).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with CRCHPM from SEER database and Wuhan Union Hospital Cancer Center (WUHCC). A total of 1250 CRCHPM patients were randomly assigned to the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts from 2010 to 2016.Univariate and multivariate cox analysis were performed to identify independent clinicopathological predictors of OS and CSS, and a nomogram was constructed to predict OS and CSS in CRCHPM patients.

Results
A nomogram of OS was constructed based on seven independent predictors of age, degree of differentiation, T stage, chemotherapy, number of lsampled lymph nodes, number of positive lymph nodes, and tumor size. Nomogram showed favorable sensitivity in predicting OS at 1, 3 and 5 years, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of 0.802, 0.759 and 0.752 in the training cohort;0.814, 0.769 and 0.716 in the internal validation cohort;0.778, 0.756 and 0.753 in the external validation cohort, respectively. A nomogram of CSS was constructed based on three independent predictors of T stage, chemotherapy, and tumor size. The AUROC values of 1, 3 and 5 years were 0.709,0.588,0.686 in the training cohort; 0.751, 0.648,0.666 in the internal validation cohort;0.781,0.588,0.645 in the external validation cohort, respectively. Calibration curves, Concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis (DCA) results revealed that using our model to predict OS and CSS is more efficient than other single clinicopathological characteristics.

Conclusion
A nomogram of OS and CSS based on clinicopathological characteristics can be conveniently used to predict the prognosis of CRCHPM patients.
The relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters and treatment outcomes of orthokeratology lenses
Authors: Li Xia , Xu Jianjiang , Hong Jiaxu , Yao Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate changes in corneal biomechanical properties after long-term orthokeratology (OK) treatment and the factors affecting treatment outcomes.MethodsTwenty-four myopic teenagers who wore OK lenses for more than 1 year were included. Twenty-three individuals of the same age and with the same spherical equivalent wearing single-vision spectacles (SVS) were enrolled as controls. After routine eye examinations, corneal biomechanical properties and axial length were measured. Parameters were compared between groups.ResultsLess axial elongation (AE) occurred in the OK group (P= 0.021). The OK group experienced a statistically significant decrease in the A1 deformation amplitude (P= 0.02), whole eye movement maximum (P= 0.026), and Ambrósio’s relational thickness to the horizontal profile (ARTh) (P< 0.001), and a statistically significant increase in the pachyslope (P< 0.001) and Corvis biomechanical index (P< 0.001). Smaller ARTh and a larger highest concavity deflection area resulted in a better refractive state. The inhibitory effect of AE was better for older patients with smaller ARTh.ConclusionsLong-term OK treatment slowed myopia progression by reshaping the cornea. Smaller ARTh after OK lens wear indicated a better refractive state and slower AE and could predict OK lens treatment outcomes.
Respiratory viruses dynamics and interactions: ten years of surveillance in central Europe
Authors: Horemheb-Rubio Gibran , Eggeling Ralf , Schmeiβer Norbert , Pfeifer Nico , Lengauer Thomas , Gärtner Barbara C. , Prifert Christiane , Kochanek Matthias , Scheid Christoph , Adams Ortwin , Kaiser Rolf ,   Respiratory Virus Network, Kaiser Rolf , C. Gärtner Barbara , Weissbrich Benedikt , Adams Ortwin , Berger Annemarie , Palupsky Katrin , Huzly Daniela , Tiemann Carsten , Borena Wegene , Lindauer Andreas , Liebert Uwe Gerd , Siemens Hans-Joachim , Hofmann Jörg , Eis-Hübinger Anna-Maria , Grundmann Hajo , Kehlen Astrid , Oehme Albrecht , Schnitzler Paul , Kühn Joachim , Heim Albert , Sauerbrei Andreas , Schmidt Barbara , Beck Robert , Hoffmann Dieter , Michel Detlef , Nitschko Hans , Aepinus Christian , Dreier Jens , Puchhammer-Stoeckl Elisabeth , Kaup Theresa Popow , Redlberger Monika , Kessler Harald , Obermeier Martin , Weise Kerstin , Bartsch Patricia , Devide Annette , Niesters Bert , Kleines Michael , Krumbholz Andi , Meyer Thomas , Gohl Peter , G. Schüttler Christian , Gorgievski Meri , Pagarolas Andres Anton , Gulich Wolfgang , Ziegler Thomas , Wintsche Babett , Griego Marcena , Bossart Walter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Lower respiratory tract infections are among the main causes of death. Although there are many respiratory viruses, diagnostic efforts are focused mainly on influenza. The Respiratory Viruses Network (RespVir) collects infection data, primarily from German university hospitals, for a high diversity of infections by respiratory pathogens. In this study, we computationally analysed a subset of the RespVir database, covering 217,150 samples tested for 17 different viral pathogens in the time span from 2010 to 2019.

Methods
We calculated the prevalence of 17 respiratory viruses, analysed their seasonality patterns using information-theoretic measures and agglomerative clustering, and analysed their propensity for dual infection using a new metric dubbed average coinfection exclusion score (ACES).

Results
After initial data pre-processing, we retained 206,814 samples, corresponding to 1,408,657 performed tests. We found that Influenza viruses were reported for almost the half of all infections and that they exhibited the highest degree of seasonality. Coinfections of viruses are frequent; the most prevalent coinfection was rhinovirus/bocavirus and most of the virus pairs had a positive ACES indicating a tendency to exclude each other regarding infection.

Conclusions
The analysis of respiratory viruses dynamics in monoinfection and coinfection contributes to the prevention, diagnostic, treatment, and development of new therapeutics. Data obtained from multiplex testing is fundamental for this analysis and should be prioritized over single pathogen testing.
Differential effect of prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–85) on the risk of adulthood hypertension based on sex: a historical cohort study
Authors: Abate Kalkidan Hassen , Arage Getachew , Hassen Habtamu , Abafita Jemal , Belachew Tefera 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The consequence of the Great Ethiopian Famine (1983–1985) on mortality had been well documented. However, the long term assaults of the famine on adulthood health, particularly on the risk of hypertension, has never been documented. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine the association of prenatal-exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine and hypertension in adulthood and investigate if there existed sex difference in the risk estimate.

Methods
Participants were recruited using multistage stratified random sampling and grouped as prenatal famine exposed and non-exposed cohorts based on their reported date of birth and current age. Independent sample T test was employed to compare continuous outcomes between the groups. A multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between prenatal famine exposure and risk of hypertension in adults.

Results
Compared to the non-exposed groups, prenatal famine exposed cohorts had higher systolic blood pressure by 1.05 mmHg, (95% CI 0.29, 4.42) and diastolic by 2.47 mmHg (95% CI 1.01, 3.95). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, both unadjusted (COR = 2.50; 1.575, 3.989) and adjusted model for covariates (OR: 2.306 95% CI (1.426, 3.72) indicated a positive association between prenatal famine exposure and the risk of adult hypertension. However, in sex disaggregated analysis, the positive association was only significant in females (AOR = 3.95 95% CI 1.76, 8.85) indicating nearly four folds of odds of hypertension among females, while the corresponding figure for males was not significant (AOR = 1.201 (0.69, 2.07).

Conclusions
Famine exposure during prenatal period could have differential impact on the development of hypertension based on sex, where adult exposed females had higher risk of hypertension as compared to males. Contextualized primary prevention programs with special focus on gender is critical undertaking in hunger spots and regions with historical famine.
One in ten ever-married women who visited health facilities for various reasons have pelvic organ prolapse in Harari regional state, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Dawit , Kure Mohammed Abdurke , Demssie Enku Afework , Mesfin Sinetibeb , Demena Melake , Dheresa Merga 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPelvic organ prolapse remains a neglected public health problem in developing countries. The burden of pelvic organ prolapse varies by region and ranges from 9 to 20%. It poses an impact on women’s quality of life and affects their role at the community and family level. Although it has negative consequences and extensive burden, the true feature of pelvic organ prolapse is not well known among ever-married women attending health facilities for various reasons in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude of pelvic organ prolapse and associated factors among ever-married women attending health care services in public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 4th to April 5th, 2020 among 458 ever-married women attending public Hospitals in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. The study subjects were selected through systematic sampling. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM SPSS Statistics, 2013). The prevalence was reported by proportion and summary measures. Predictors were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis model and reported using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.ResultOf 458 women enrolled in the study, 10.5% of them had pelvic organ prolapse based on women’s reporting of symptoms. History of lifting heavy objects [AOR = 3.22, 95% CI (1.56, 6.67)], history of chronic cough [AOR = 2.51, 95% CI (1.18, 5.31)], maternal age of greater than or equal to 55 years [AOR = 3.51, 95% CI (1.04, 11.76)], history chronic constipation (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI (1.54, 9.22) and no history of contraceptive utilization [AOR = 2.41, 95% CI (1.13, 5.05)] were significantly associated with pelvic organ prolapse.ConclusionIn this study, one in ten ever-married women who visited health facilities for various reasons have pelvic organ prolapse. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were identified. This result provides a clue to give due consideration to primary and secondary prevention through various techniques.
A qualitative enquiry into dental students’ perceptions of dentistry as a career choice in the State of Qatar
Authors: Daud Alaa , Matoug-Elwerfelli Manal , Du Xiangyun , Ali Kamran 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Career choice is a complex, multifaceted process affecting all aspects of life. Motivational factors of aspiring dentists are crucial to inform institutions and aid with the admission process. The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate dental students’ perceived motivation for their career choice in the first dental institution in the State of Qatar to bridge the gap in knowledge in this area.

Methods
Homogeneous purposive sampling technique was employed to collect data from all year 2 and year 3 undergraduate dental students to gain a deeper insight into their motivation of career choice. An explorative qualitative method using face-to-face focus group sessions were utilized. All focus groups were conducted in English and contained a moderator and observer. A topic guide was used to ensure data collection standardization. Participants’ views were recorded and filed notes obtained. Data was transcribed and analysis performed utilizing an inductive thematic approach.

Results
A total of 34 students (89.5%) from year 2 and 3 participated in the focus groups. Data analysis revealed six main themes emerging from this study namely; altruism and patient care, family influence factors, childhood aspirations, hands-on practical skills, professional and social status, and the opportunity to reconsider and transfer. Based on frequency, altruism, opportunities to learn hands-on practical skills and professional status appeared to be the main drivers influencing students’ choice of dentistry as a professional career.

Conclusion
This qualitative study presents the first national study providing insightful information regarding current undergraduate dental students’ decision process in relation to their profession selection, and shows that opportunities to provide patient care seems to be the key to motivation. There was also a strong inclination towards performing hands-on practical tasks as a dentist, and developing a professional status. Interestingly, financial reward did not feature as a motivational factor in this study. The study highlights the influence of socio-cultural and economic factors on choosing dentistry as a career. This data could help dental institutions better understand future applicant’s motivations to join dentistry and assist with the academic recruitment/admission process and targeting students with a potential to excel in the profession.