bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tactical Activism
Authors: Cazarin Rafael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines religious leaders’ engagements with gender transformative activism during prevention training workshops for sexual and gender-based violence. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork carried out in 2017 and 2018 in a South African NGO that promotes gender equality and human rights across Africa. My aim is twofold: to explore the tensions between the private and public dimensions of religious leaders’ engagement with gender transformative activism; and to demonstrate how they navigate those tensions by co-creating an ‘interstitial’ language and social space that allows them to conform new emotional repertoires, meanings and practices that ought to transform their gendered relations. I argue that doing so enables leaders to become tactical when engaging with gender activism in adverse religious contexts. By acting in the form of tactical activism, they establish interstices where religious and secular stances on gender can intersect whilst at the same time coping with the difficulties of inducing change in the given patriarchal structures.
On Becoming and Being a ‘Living Testimony of Change’: Masculinity, Gender Activism, and Pentecostalism in South Africa
Authors: Duarte dos Santos Franziska 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Building on ethnographic research, this article explores the significance of narrative accounts, namely testimonies and confessions, in the social project of creating reformed men in urban and peri-urban settings of present-day South Africa. By drawing attention to certain ‘family resemblances’ (Wittgenstein 1953) between Pentecostalism and gender activism, it analyses how gender activists use testimonies of personal transformation to influence other men to change their self-understanding as men, their attitudes, and patterns of behaviour. Throughout the article I elaborate on the socially integrative and disintegrative effects of this endeavour as well as on the difference between such testimonial accounts and confessions. By exploring the distinction between these two forms of speaking out, the article illustrates what it means to be a gender activist in this context, and what ideas about personhood are deployed in gender activism.
Managing Unruliness: The (Anti-)Politics of Volunteer Management Practices in Faith-Based Organizations
Authors: Kirsch Thomas G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on an ethnographic analysis of volunteer management practices in faith-based organizations in Zambia, this article outlines the dilemmas that these organizations face when deploying volunteers. Due to financial constraints, most of these organizations have to rely on voluntary work from local residents in order to realize their goals. I show that when the volunteers’ work is concerned with social problems that are deemed to be controversial, faith-based organizations are at pains to demonstrate that their aims and activities should be categorized as ‘social work’ or ‘humanitarian assistance’, and not as activist (party) political engagement. Yet since volunteers are only loosely linked to these organizations in respect to their formal status, in practice they have a great deal of leeway in how issues are handled. This means that some of them use their commitment to volunteering to pursue their own political agendas. The article explores the strategies that faith-based organizations use to navigate the challenges that this kind of ‘partisan volunteering’ pose.
The Concept of Muhājirūn – and Its Potential Significance for the Piety of the Seventh-Century Qurʾānic Movement
Authors: Mortensen Mette Bjerregaard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines the Qurʾānic references to al-muhājirūn as an expression of a world renouncing current in the early Qurʾānic movement. Throughout the Qurʾān the muhājirūn are idealized for their willingness to leave their homes, wealth, and families behind in order to emigrate in the path of God. Traditionally, these emigrants have been interpreted through the lens of later Muslim exegesis as referring to the early believers who accompanied Muhammad on his emigration from Mecca to Medina in 622. In general, however, there is little evidence to suggest that the Qurʾān is referring to a specific historical emigration event. Based on the theoretical framework of Peter Sloterdijk and Mary Douglas, this article argues that the Qurʾānic employment of the root h-j-r basically centers on an ascetic distancing from worldly attachments, and that this uprooting into a new mobility denotes a central aspect of the piety of the early Qurʾānic movement.
Modern Muslim Objections to Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī
Authors: Husayn Nebil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
According to most Sunnī scholars of ḥadīth, two works can be considered sources for historically accurate and authentic reports about the words and actions of the Prophet Muḥammad, the Ṣaḥīḥ of al-Bukhārī and the Ṣaḥīḥ of Muslim, frequently referred to in union as the Ṣaḥīḥayn. These two works have achieved canonical status in Sunnī Islam. The narrators who appear in these collections and the content of what they report are popularly considered to be unassailable. However, the authenticity and historicity of such ḥadīth have been subject to severe criticism and skepticism by a number of Western academics beginning with Gustav Weil in 1848 and continuing with Ignaz Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, John Wansbrough and others. A few academics have alluded to the existence of a similar skepticism among Muslim modernists, but there has been little systematic study of these voices. A handful of twentieth century Muslims have openly objected to the canonical culture of sanctifying ḥadīth found in the Ṣaḥīḥayn with books lambasting their authenticity. This investigation reviews seven of these works and considers key themes in their methods of argumentation. The authors not only deny the authenticity of ḥadīth in the collections of al-Bukhārī and Muslim, but also reject key doctrines associated with classical Sunnism and the authority of Sunnī ḥadīth scholars who traditionally defined orthodoxy and evaluated ḥadīth on behalf of the community.
Postoperative Complications After Total Thyroidectomy for Patients With Graves’ Disease
Authors: Liang Jennifer J. , Irizarry Rachel , Victor Lousette Saint , Hoepner Lori A. , Chernichenko Natalya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the rates and types of postoperative complications in patients with and without Graves’ disease undergoing total thyroidectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAll hospitals participating in NSQIP from 2007 to 2017.MethodsThyroidectomy data were abstracted from the NSQIP database from 2007 to 2017 using related Current Procedural Terminology codes. Exclusion criteria included diagnosis of malignancy and partial thyroidectomy. Patients with a diagnosis of Graves’ disease were compared against the control group, which consisted of other nononcologic diagnoses. Statistical analysis including matched pair analysis was performed.ResultsUnmatched data demonstrated that patients with Graves’ disease who underwent total thyroidectomy (n = 5495) had a higher rate of readmission (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.73) and rate of reoperation (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.88‐2.79) in comparison to control patients (n = 24,213). They also had a higher rate of postoperative complication (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.93) especially for wound‐related outcomes (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.32‐2.69), readmission for postoperative hypocalcemia (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.54‐2.92), and reoperation for hematoma or hemorrhage (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.32‐2.69). A matched‐pair analysis of the data also demonstrated similar significant results.ConclusionPatients with Graves’ disease undergoing total thyroidectomy are at higher risk of complications in comparison to those who do not have Graves’ disease, likely due to sequelae of the disease. However, overall rates were low, suggesting that the procedure remains relatively low risk and should continue to be offered to select patients who meet criteria for surgery.
Monopolar Cautery Use in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Page J. Cody , Chapel A. Claire , Silva Rodrigo C. , Sullivan J. Connor , Sweeney Alex D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the incidence and impact of monopolar cautery use in a cohort of pediatric cochlear implant (CI) users.Study DesignCase series from a retrospective chart review and a systematic review of the literature.SettingTertiary academic referral center.MethodsCI patient charts from 2012 to 2021 were reviewed from a single pediatric hospital system to determine if monopolar cautery was used during a subsequent surgical procedure. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed to identify additional, relevant patients. Postoperative CI function was the primary outcome measure.ResultsIn total, 190 patients underwent a surgical procedure following cochlear implantation in a single pediatric hospital system. Fifteen patients (7.9%) and 17 distinct surgical procedures were identified in which monopolar cautery was used. Seven of these 17 cases (41.2%) involved the head and neck, and 10 were performed below the clavicles. No patients experienced a device failure or a decline in CI performance following surgery. A systematic review identified an additional 4 patients who underwent a surgery that used monopolar cautery following cochlear implantation, and no change in CI function was identified.ConclusionsThe present study adds additional support to the notion that monopolar cautery does not necessarily injure CI functionality. While the most risk adverse strategy when planning a surgical procedure for a CI patient is to avoid monopolar cautery use altogether, the use of cautery should not immediately be associated with implant dysfunction.
Kinome profiling of cholangiocarcinoma organoids reveals potential druggable targets that hold promise for treatment stratification
Authors: Lieshout Ruby , Faria Alessandra V. S. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Verstegen Monique M. A. , Fuhler Gwenny M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCholangiocarcinoma is a rare but lethal cancer of the biliary tract. Its first-line treatment is currently restricted to chemotherapy, which provides limited clinical benefit. Kinase inhibitors targeting oncogenic intracellular signaling have changed the treatment paradigm of cancer over the last decades. However, they are yet to be widely applied in cholangiocarcinoma therapy. Cholangiocarcinoma has marked molecular heterogeneity, which complicates the discovery of new treatments and requires patient stratification. Therefore, we investigated whether a commercial kinome profiling platform could predict druggable targets in cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsKinase activity in patient-derived cholangiocarcinoma organoids, non-tumorous adjacent tissue-derived and healthy donor-derived intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids was determined using the PamChip® phosphotyrosine kinase microarray platform. Kinome profiles were compared and correlated with RNA sequencing and (multi-)kinase inhibitor screening of the cholangiocarcinoma organoids.ResultsKinase activity profiles of individual cholangiocarcinoma organoids are different and do not cluster together. However, growth factor signaling (EGFR, PDGFRβ) and downstream effectors (MAPK pathway) are more active in cholangiocarcinoma organoids and could provide potential druggable targets. Screening of 31 kinase inhibitors revealed several promising pan-effective inhibitors and compounds that show patient-specific efficacy. Kinase inhibitor sensitivity correlated to the activity of its target kinases for several inhibitors, signifying them as potential predictors of response. Moreover, we identified correlations between drug response and kinases not directly targeted by those drugs.ConclusionsIn conclusion, kinome profiling is a feasible method to identify druggable targets for cholangiocarcinoma. Future studies should confirm the potential of kinase activity profiles as biomarkers for patient stratification and precision medicine.
Influence of Piston Number on Churning Losses in Axial Piston Pumps
Authors: Li Ying , Chen Xing , Luo Hao , Zhang Junhui , Zhang Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRaising the rotational speed of an axial piston pump is useful for improving its power density; however, the churning losses of the piston increase significantly with increasing speed, and this reduces the performance and efficiency of the axial piston pump. Currently, there has been some research on the churning losses of pistons; however, it has rarely been analyzed from the perspective of the piston number. To improve the performance and efficiency of the axial piston pump, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model of the churning loss was established, and the effect of piston number on the churning loss was studied in detail. The simulation analysis results revealed that the churning losses initially increased as the number of pistons increased; however, when the number of pistons increased from six to nine, the torque of the churning losses decreased because of the hydrodynamic shadowing effect. In addition, in the analysis of cavitation results, it was determined that the cavitation area of the axial piston pump was mainly concentrated around the piston, and the cavitation became increasingly severe as the speed increased. By comparing the simulation results with and without the cavitation model, it was observed that the cavitation phenomenon is beneficial for the reduction of churning losses. In this study, a piston churning loss test rig that can eliminate other friction losses was established to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. A comparative analysis indicated that the simulation results were consistent with the actual situation. In addition, this study also conducted a simulation study on seven and nine piston pumps with the same displacement. The simulation results revealed that churning losses of the seven pistons were generally greater than those of the nine pistons under the same displacement. In addition, regarding the same piston number and displacement, reducing the pitch circle radius of piston bores is effective in reducing the churning loss. This research analyzes the effect of piston number on the churning loss, which has certain guiding significance for the structural design and model selection of axial piston pumps.
Contribution of tetrodotoxin-resistant persistent Na+ currents to the excitability of C-type dural afferent neurons in rats
Authors: Nakamura Michiko , Jang Il-Sung 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence supports the important role of persistent sodium currents (INaP) in the neuronal excitability of various central neurons. However, the role of tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na+ channel-mediated INaP in the neuronal excitability of nociceptive neurons remains poorly understood.

Methods
We investigated the functional role of TTX-R INaP in the excitability of C-type nociceptive dural afferent neurons, which was identified using a fluorescent dye, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchloride (DiI), and a whole-cell patch-clamp technique.

Results
TTX-R INaP were found in most DiI-positive neurons, but their density was proportional to neuronal size. Although the voltage dependence of TTX-R Na+ channels did not differ among DiI-positive neurons, the extent of the onset of slow inactivation, recovery from inactivation, and use-dependent inhibition of these channels was highly correlated with neuronal size and, to a great extent, the density of TTX-R INaP. In the presence of TTX, treatment with a specific INaP inhibitor, riluzole, substantially decreased the number of action potentials generated by depolarizing current injection, suggesting that TTX-R INaP are related to the excitability of dural afferent neurons. In animals treated chronically with inflammatory mediators, the density of TTX-R INaP was significantly increased, and it was difficult to inactivate TTX-R Na+ channels.

Conclusions
TTX-R INaP apparently contributes to the differential properties of TTX-R Na+ channels and neuronal excitability. Consequently, the selective modulation of TTX-R INaP could be, at least in part, a new approach for the treatment of migraine headaches.
The role of epigenetic modifications in drug resistance and treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Karami Fath Mohsen , Azargoonjahromi Ali , Kiani Arash , Jalalifar Fateme , Osati Parisa , Akbari Oryani Mahsa , Shakeri Fateh , Nasirzadeh Farhad , Khalesi Behman , Nabi-Afjadi Mohsen , Zalpoor Hamidreza , Mard-Soltani Maysam , Payandeh Zahra 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is defined as a biological and molecular heterogeneous disorder that originates from breast cells. Genetic predisposition is the most important factor giving rise to this malignancy. The most notable mutations in breast cancer occur in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Owing to disease heterogeneity, lack of therapeutic target, anti-cancer drug resistance, residual disease, and recurrence, researchers are faced with challenges in developing strategies to treat patients with breast cancer.

Results
It has recently been reported that epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modification, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), have potently contributed to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. These observations have persuaded researchers to move their therapeutic approaches beyond the genetic framework toward the epigenetic concept.

Conclusion
Herein we discuss the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression and resistance as well as various aspects of epigenetic-based therapies as monotherapy and combined with immunotherapy.
HIOPP-6 – a pilot study on the evaluation of an electronic tool to assess and reduce the complexity of drug treatment considering patients’ views
Authors: Wurmbach Viktoria S. , Schmidt Steffen J. , Lampert Anette , Bernard Simone , Meid Andreas D. , Frick Eduard , Metzner Michael , Wilm Stefan , Mortsiefer Achim , Bücker Bettina , Altiner Attila , Sparenberg Lisa , Szecsenyi Joachim , Peters-Klimm Frank , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Thürmann Petra A. , Seidling Hanna M. , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
A complex drug treatment might pose a barrier to safe and reliable drug administration for patients. Therefore, a novel tool automatically analyzes structured medication data for factors possibly contributing to complexity and subsequently personalizes the results by evaluating the relevance of each identified factor for the patient by means of key questions. Hence, tailor-made optimization measures can be proposed.

Methods
In this controlled, prospective, exploratory trial the tool was evaluated with nine general practitioners (GP) in three study groups: In the two intervention groups the tool was applied in a version with (GI_with) and a version without (GI_without) integrated key questions for the personalization of the analysis, while the control group (GC) did not use any tools (routine care). Four to eight weeks after application of the tool, the benefits of the optimization measures to reduce or mitigate complexity of drug treatment were evaluated from the patient perspective.

Results
A total of 126 patients regularly using more than five drugs could be included for analysis. GP suggested 117 optimization measures in GI_with, 83 in GI_without, and 2 in GC. Patients in GI_with were more likely to rate an optimization measure as helpful than patients in GI_without (IRR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2—10.3). Thereby, the number of optimization measures recommended by the GP had no significant influence (P = 0.167).

Conclusions
The study suggests that an automated analysis considering patient perspectives results in more helpful optimization measures than an automated analysis alone – a result which should be further assessed in confirmatory studies.

Trial registration
The trial was registered retrospectively at the German Clinical Trials register under DRKS-ID DRKS00025257 (17/05/2021).
Understanding the processes behind the decisions – GPs and complex multimorbidity decision making
Authors: Hughes Lloyd D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractComplex multimorbidity, defined either as three or more chronic conditions affecting three or more different body systems or by the patients General Practitioner (GPs), is associated with various adverse outcomes. Understanding how GPs reach decisions for this complex group of patients is currently under-researched, with potential implications for health systems and service delivery. Schuttner and colleagues, through a qualitative approach, reported that internal factors of individuals (decisions tailored to patients; Primary Care Physician (PCP) consultation style; care planning towards an agreed goal of care), external factors within the environment or context of encounter (patient access to healthcare; organizational structures acting as barriers), and relationship-based factors (collaborative care planning; decisions within a dynamic patient clinician relationship) all influence care planning decisions. There are other important findings which have broader relevance to the literature such as the ongoing separation of physical and mental health which persist even within integrated care systems, GPs continue to prioritize continuity of care and that organizational barriers are reported as factors in clinician decision-making for patients. More broadly, the work has proved valuable in extending previously reported findings surrounding care coordination, and limitation of current guidelines for patients with complex multimorbidity. Work-load in general practice is increasing due to an ageing population, increasing prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy, and transfer of clinical activities from secondary to primary care. The future for GPs is more complexity in the clinic room, understanding how GPs make decisions and how this can be supported is crucial for the sustainability for general practice.