bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variation of climate of different flanks and elevations of the Qinling–Daba mountains in China during 1969–2018
Authors: Lan Xincan , Li Wuyang , Tang Jiale , Shakoor Abdul , Zhao Fang , Fan Jiabin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change exhibits great variation on different flanks and at different elevations in the same mountain range. To investigate the complexity of the geographic patterns of climate and phenology in the Qinling–Daba mountains (QDM), in the North–South transition zone of China, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of daily air temperature and precipitation data measured at 118 national weather stations (1969–2018). The principal findings were as follows. (1) Overall, a significant trend of warming was detected in all seasons over the past 50 years, with rates of increase of 0.347, 0.125, 0.200 and 0.302 °C/10a, in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Precipitation did not show significant variation at most stations in different seasons. (2) The rising rate of air temperature varied considerably between different flanks. Generally, air temperature change on northern flanks was greater than on southern flanks in all seasons. The tendency of air temperature change was greater in spring and winter than in summer and autumn on different flanks in the QDM. (3) The rate of increase in high-elevation regions was greater than in low-elevation regions in summer, autumn and winter, e.g., 0.440, 0.390 and 0.456 °C/10a at 3000–4000 m and 0.205, 0.218 and 0.303 °C/10a at 0–1000 m, respectively. However, in spring, the rate of increase in low-elevation regions were higher than in high-elevation regions, e.g., 0.369 °C/10a at 0–1000 m and 0.317 °C/10a at 3000–4000 m.
Characteristics of plasma sheath in multi-component plasmas with three-ion species
Authors: Hatami M. M. , Kourakis I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe plasma sheath of a three ion species plasma is studied numerically, relying on the results of the experiment by Yip et al. (Phys. Plasmas 23:050703 (2016) to measure the positive ion velocities at the sheath edge. The positive ion species ($$Ar^+$$

A

r
+

, $$Kr^+,$$

K

r
+

,

and $$Xe^+$$

X

e
+

) are assumed to be singly charged and to be characterized by the same temperature. It is shown that the sheath characteristics, viz. the particle number densities, the electrostatic potential and the space charge density profile in the sheath all depend on the $$Kr^+$$

K

r
+

concentration that is gradually added to the argon-xenon plasma as the third positive ion species. Also, the effect of ion-neutral collisions on the sheath properties is investigated numerically. Our results may be extended to a multi-ion plasma with more than two species of positive ions.
A nationwide cohort study on the risk of ADHD in children with amblyopia mediated by fine motor skill impairment in East Asia
Authors: Kim Myungjin , Lee Seungwon , Lee Jung Eun , Kim Ju Hee , Ha Eun Kyo , Han Manyong , Lew Helen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis national administrative investigation of Republic of Korea compared the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders(ASD) in preschool amblyopic children and identified factors that possibly mediate this association. After propensity score (PS) matching, 7762 amblyopic children and 31,030 non-amblyopic children were included. Amblyopia was associated with ADHD (aOR:1.687; 95% CI 1.444, 1.970) but not with ASD (aOR: 0.591; 95% CI 0.341, 1.026). Fine motor skill impairment was a mediating factor in association of amblyopia with ADHD, accounting for 4.2% (95% CI 1.7, 8.0). In conclusion, amblyopic children have a greater risk of ADHD, and deficits in fine motor skills mediate this association. We suggest increased attention given to fine motor skill underdevelopment in amblyopic children to prevent the development of ADHD.
A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of music on patients’ anxiety in venous catheter placement procedures
Authors: Fleckenstein Florian Nima , Böhm Agnes Klara , Collettini Federico , Frisch Anne , Lüdemann Willie Magnus , Can Elif , Gebauer Bernhard , Jonczyk Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the influence of music on anxiety levels compared to standard patient care in patients undergoing venous catheter placement procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial included patients undergoing placement procedures for peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), ports and central venous catheters (CVC). Patients were randomly assigned to a music intervention group (MIG) and a control group (CTRL). State and trait anxiety levels were assessed as primary outcome using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and after the procedures. Secondary outcomes comprised averaged heart rate for all participants and time of radiological surveillance for port placement procedures exclusively. 72 participants were included into the final analysis (MIG n = 40; CTRL n = 32). All procedures were successful and no major complications were reported. Mean levels for post-interventional anxieties were significantly lower in the MIG compared to the CTRL (34.9 ± 8.9 vs. 44 ± 12.1; p < 0.001). Mean heart rate in the MIG was significantly lower than in the CTRL (76.1 ± 13.7 vs. 93 ± 8.9; p < 0.001). Procedure time for port implantation was significantly longer in the MIG by 3 min 45 s (p = 0.031). Music exposure during central venous catheter placement procedures highly significantly reduces anxiety and stress levels and can be used to improve patients’ overall experience in the angio suite.
Differences in total stored C and N in dryland red soil caused by different long-term fertilization practices
Authors: Xi Weifeng , Liu Kailou , Yu Xichu , Xu Xinpeng , Zhao Shicheng , Qiu Shaojun , He Ping , Zhou Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFertilizer application is important to achieve sustainable agriculture. However, it remains unclear about the effects of long term fertilization on C and N immobilization as well as C/N ratios in soil aggregates at different depths. Samples taken at depths of 0 to 40 cm from dryland red soil subjected to long-term fertilization were analyzed. Four treatments were involved in the long term fertilization including no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer applied at two different rates, and manure combined with chemical fertilizers (MNPK). The C and N concentrations in the soil aggregates of different sizes were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the C/N ratios in the particulate organic matter were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for soil to 20 cm deep for the MNPK treatment than for the other treatments. ANOVA indicated that the C and N concentration and C/N ratios in different sizes of aggregates significantly varied with soil depth (P < 0.05). Microaggregates contained most of the C and N, and the C/N ratios for silt–clay particles in macroaggregates were 1.37 unit (ranging − 0.25 to 2.44) lower than for other soil particles with diameters < 53 µm. The C and N contents in aggregates of different sizes increased as the C input rate increased to a depth of 40 cm because of the fertilization practices. Overall, both increased C input and deep application of C sources promoted the storage of C and N in microaggregates, which in turn increased C and N sequestration in dryland red soils.
Pressure increases PD-L1 expression in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and causes resistance to anti-ROR1 CAR T cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Ou Zhenglin , Dou Xiaolin , Tang Neng , Liu Guodong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDue to the abnormal vasculation and proliferation, the tumor microenvironment is hypoxic, lacking nutrients, and under high interstitial pressure. Compared to oxygen and nutrients, the effect of pressure on cancer biology remains poorly studied. Here we constructed αROR1-CAR T cells and co-cultured with A549 cells with and without elevated pressure. We then measured apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry and luciferase activity. We also measured cytokine (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) release by ELISA. The results show that pressure-preconditioned A549 cells are much resistant to αROR1-CAR T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Pressure preconditioning does not appear to affect the expression of αROR1-CAR or cytokine production. However, pressure preconditioning upregulates PD-L1 expression in A549 cells and decreases cytokine release from αROR1-CAR T cells. In addition, Pembrolizumab and Cemiplimab that block PD-1::PD-L1 interaction increase the cytokine production in αROR1-CAR T cells, increase the apoptotic cell death in A549 cells, and improve the αROR1-CAR T-mediated cytotoxicity. In xenograft mice, pressure preconditioning increases tumorigenesis of A549 cells, which can be blocked by a combined therapy using Pembrolizumab and αROR1-CAR T cells. Together, our studies suggest that elevated pressure in the tumor microenvironment could blunt the T cell therapy by upregulating PD-L1 expression, which could be overcome by combining CAR T therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Randomised trial of intravenous thiamine and/or magnesium sulphate administration on erythrocyte transketolase activity, lactate concentrations and alcohol withdrawal scores
Authors: Maguire Donogh , Burns Alana , Talwar Dinesh , Catchpole Anthony , Stefanowicz Fiona , Ross David P. , Galloway Peter , Ireland Alastair , Robson Gordon , Adamson Michael , Orr Lesley , Kerr Joanna-Lee , Roussis Xenofon , Colgan Eoghan , Forrest Ewan , Young David , McMillan Donald C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) occurs in 2% of patients admitted to U.K. hospitals. Routine treatment includes thiamine and benzodiazepines. Laboratory studies indicate that thiamine requires magnesium for optimal activity, however this has not translated into clinical practice. Patients experiencing AWS were randomized to three groups: (group 1) thiamine, (group 2) thiamine plus MgSO4 or (group 3) MgSO4. Pre- and 2-h post-treatment blood samples were taken. AWS severity was recorded using the Glasgow Modified Alcohol Withdrawal Score (GMAWS). The primary outcome measure was 15% change in erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA) in group 3. Secondary outcome measures were change in plasma lactate concentrations and time to GMAWS = 0. 127 patients were recruited, 115 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Pre-treatment, the majority of patients had normal or high erythrocyte thiamine diphosphate (TDP) concentrations (≥ 275–675/> 675 ng/gHb respectively) (99%), low serum magnesium concentrations (< 0.75 mmol/L) (59%), and high plasma lactate concentrations (> 2 mmol/L) (67%). Basal ETKA did not change significantly in groups 1, 2 or 3. Magnesium deficient patients (< 0.75 mmol/L) demonstrated less correlation between pre-treatment basal ETKA and TDP concentrations than normomagnesemic patients (R2 = 0.053 and R2 = 0.236). Median plasma lactate concentrations normalized (≤ 2.0 mmol/L) across all three groups (p < 0.001 for all groups), but not among magnesium deficient patients in group 1 (n = 22). The median time to achieve GMAWS = 0 for groups 1, 2 and 3 was 10, 5.5 and 6 h respectively (p < 0.001).
No significant difference was found between groups for the primary endpoint of change in ETKA. Co-administration of thiamine and magnesium resulted in more consistent normalization of plasma lactate concentrations and reduced duration to achieve initial resolution of AWS symptoms.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03466528.
A spiking neural network model of the Superior Colliculus that is robust to changes in the spatial–temporal input
Authors: Alizadeh Arezoo , Van Opstal A. John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that the location of a large neural population in the Superior Colliculus (SC) motor map specifies the amplitude and direction of the saccadic eye-movement vector, while the saccade trajectory and velocity profile are encoded by the population firing rates. We recently proposed a simple spiking neural network model of the SC motor map, based on linear summation of individual spike effects of each recruited neuron, which accounts for many of the observed properties of SC cells in relation to the ensuing eye movement. However, in the model, the cortical input was kept invariant across different saccades. Electrical microstimulation and reversible lesion studies have demonstrated that the saccade properties are quite robust against large changes in supra-threshold SC activation, but that saccade amplitude and peak eye-velocity systematically decrease at low input strengths. These features were not accounted for by the linear spike-vector summation model. Here we show that the model’s input projection strengths and intra-collicular lateral connections can be tuned to generate saccades and neural spiking patterns that closely follow the experimental results.
Enhanced refractive index sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance inflection points in single hollow gold nanospheres with inner cavity
Authors: Hong Yun A , Ha Ji Won 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHollow gold nanoparticles have great potential for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing. In this study, we investigated the refractive index (RI) sensitivities of single hollow gold nanosphere (HAuNS) with thin Au shell and inner cavity and single solid gold nanosphere (AuNS) in media with different RIs. The HAuNS exhibited a remarkable improvement in the RI sensitivity than the AuNS of similar size. The increased RI sensitivity of HAuNSs was ascribed to plasmon coupling between the inner and outer surface of the Au nanoshell. We then investigated the homogeneous LSPR scattering inflection points (IFs) to better understand the RI sensitivity of single HAuNS. The LSPR IF at the long wavelength side exhibited a better RI sensitivity compared to the wavelength shift of its counterpart LSPR maximum peak. Furthermore, the single HAuNS showed a remarkable improvement in the RI sensitivity at the LSPR IFs when compared to the AuNS of similar size. Therefore, we provided a new insight into the effect of inner cavity of HAuNS on the RI sensitivity of homogeneous LSPR IFs for use in LSPR-based biosensors.
Knowledge‐enriched joint‐learning model for implicit emotion cause extraction
Authors: Wu Chenghao , Shi Shumin , Hu Jiaxing , Huang Heyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEmotion cause extraction (ECE) task that aims at extracting potential trigger events of certain emotions has attracted extensive attention recently. However, current work neglects the implicit emotion expressed without any explicit emotional keywords, which appears more frequently in application scenarios. The lack of explicit emotion information makes it extremely hard to extract emotion causes only with the local context. Moreover, an entire event is usually across multiple clauses, while existing work merely extracts cause events at clause level and cannot effectively capture complete cause event information. To address these issues, the events are first redefined at the tuple level and a span‐based tuple‐level algorithm is proposed to extract events from different clauses. Based on it, a corpus for implicit emotion cause extraction that tries to extract causes of implicit emotions is constructed. The authors propose a knowledge‐enriched joint‐learning model of implicit emotion recognition and implicit emotion cause extraction tasks (KJ‐IECE), which leverages commonsense knowledge from ConceptNet and NRC_VAD to better capture connections between emotion and corresponding cause events. Experiments on both implicit and explicit emotion cause extraction datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Effects of spatial resolution on inferences of atmospheric quantities from simulations
Authors: Moe Thore E. , Pereira Tiago M. D. , Carlsson Mats 
Published: April 2022

Context. Small-scale processes are thought to be important for the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. While numerical resolution fundamentally limits their inclusion in magnetohydronamic (MHD) simulations, real observations at the same nominal resolution should still contain imprints of subresolution effects. This means that the synthetic observables from a simulation of a given resolution might not be directly comparable to real observables at the same resolution. It is thus of interest to investigate how inferences based on synthetic spectra from simulations with different numerical resolutions compare, and whether these differences persist after the spectra have been spatially degraded to a common resolution
Aims. We aim to compare synthetic spectra obtained from realistic 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic (rMHD) simulations run at different numerical resolutions from the same initial atmosphere, using very simple methods for inferring line-of-sight velocities and magnetic fields. Additionally we examine how the differing spatial resolution impacts the results retrieved from the STiC inversion code.
Methods. We used the RH 1.5D code to synthesize the photospheric Fe I 617.33 line in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), and the chromospheric Ca II 854.209 line in non-LTE from three MHD simulation snapshots of differing spatial resolution. The simulations were produced by the Bifrost code, using horizontal grid spacing of 6 km, 12 km, and 23 km, respectively. They were started from the exact same atmosphere, and the snapshots were taken after the same exact elapsed time. The spectra obtained from the high-resolution snapshots were spatially degraded to match the lowest resolution. Simple methods, such as the center-of-gravity approach and the weak field approximation, were then used to estimate line-of-sight velocities and magnetic fields for the three cases after degradation. Finally, the spectra were input into the STiC inversion code and the retrieved line-of-sight velocities and magnetic field strengths, as well as the temperatures, from the inversions were compared.
Results. We find that while the simple inferences for all three simulations reveal the same large-scale tendencies, the higher resolutions yield more fine-grained structures and more extreme line-of-sight velocities and magnetic fields in concentrated spots even after spatial smearing. We also see indications that the imprints of subresolution effects on the degraded spectra result in systematic errors in the inversions, and that these errors increase with the amount of subresolution effects included. Fortunately, however, we find that successively including more subresolution yields smaller additional effects; that is to say, there is a clear trend of diminishing importance for progressively finer subresolution effects.
Current Trends and Future Needs for Practices in Audiologic Infection Control
Authors: Amlani Amyn M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 5–page questionnaire on infection control was randomly distributed to 640 audiologists in the United States. Of these, data analysis is reported on 311. The purpose of the study was to determine (a) the extent of Universal Precautions within the professional setting, (b) the practitioner's personal protective measures, (c) if audiologists were familiar with nomenclature related to infection control, and (d) what future educational directives should be taken. Results indicated that one-half of the respondents' professional settings have not implemented Universal Precautions. Data analysis further suggests that audiologists are apathetic in both personal hygiene and infection control techniques that are applied to instrumentation/equipment. In addition, approximately three-quarters of the respondents reported that they were able to correctly distinguish between infection control terminology. Results suggest that distinctions can be made adequately at least 50 percent of the time, but that terms such as cleaning and disinfecting are not well understood. Future directives suggest that audiologists need more infection control education with the possibility of making such education a mandatory prerequisite for state licensure and/or professional certification, as well as the need to incorporate infection control into the educational curriculum of future audiology students.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem response; ENT = ear, nose, and throat
Aging and Middle Ear Resonance
Authors: Wiley Terry L. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Nondahl David M. , Tweed Ted S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTympanograms for probes ranging from 250 through 2000 Hz were evaluated for 467 older adults. Measures of middle ear resonant frequency were compared across age groups (48–59, 60–69, 70–79, 80–90 years) and gender. No significant age group trends were observed for middle ear resonant frequency. Middle ear resonant frequencies were significantly higher for older women than for older men, but the differences were small.
Biasing crystallization in fused silica: An assessment of optimal metadynamics parameters
Authors: Lodesani Federica , Menziani Maria Cristina , Urata Shingo , Pedone Alfonso 
Published: April 2022

Metadynamics (MetaD) is a useful technique to study rare events such as crystallization. It has been only recently applied to study nucleation and crystallization in glass-forming liquids such as silicates, but the optimal set of parameters to drive crystallization and obtain converged free energy surfaces is still unexplored. In this work, we systematically investigated the effects of the simulation conditions to efficiently study the thermodynamics and mechanism of crystallization in highly viscous systems. As a prototype system, we used fused silica, which easily crystallizes to β-cristobalite through MetaD simulations, owing to its simple microstructure. We investigated the influence of the height, width, and bias factor used to define the biasing Gaussian potential, as well as the effects of the temperature and system size on the results. Among these parameters, the bias factor and temperature seem to be most effective in sampling the free energy landscape of melt to crystal transition and reaching convergence more quickly. We also demonstrate that the temperature rescaling from T &gt; Tm is a reliable approach to recover free energy surfaces below Tm, provided that the temperature gap is below 600 K and the configurational space has been properly sampled. Finally, albeit a complete crystallization is hard to achieve with large simulation boxes, these can be reliably and effectively exploited to study the first stages of nucleation.
Sampling time for self-taking an oropharyngeal swab for gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing
Authors: Chow Eric P. F. , Fairley Christopher K. , Maddaford Kate , Schmidt Tina , Buchanan Andrew , Tieosapjaroen Warittha , Tataro Gerald , Phillips Tiffany R. 
Published: April 2022

Self-taking oropharyngeal swabs for sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia has become more common during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimise the risk to healthcare workers. However, there have been no standardised guidelines on sampling time for taking an oropharyngeal swab for gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing. We recruited 215 participants at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, between November 2021 and January 2022. We asked participants to report the time they spent on self-taking the oropharyngeal swab. The median self-taking sampling time was 8 s (IQR = 5–12), and the time did not differ between oropharyngeal gonorrhoea positivity (P = 0.570) and oropharyngeal chlamydia positivity (P = 0.457).