bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of novel oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jia Xuedong , Yin Zhao , Zhang Wan , Du Shuzhang , Kang Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study incorporates the results of subgroup analyses of currently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world cohort studies to compare the effectiveness and safety of new direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients with diabetes.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched. Five retrospective cohort studies and four subgroup analyses of RCTs were included in this meta-analysis.

Results
A meta-analysis of the data of 26,7272 patients showed that for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and diabetes, NOACs can significantly reduce the incidence of stroke/systemic embolism (SSE), ischaemic stroke, and haemorrhagic stroke compared with warfarin, with no significant difference in major bleeding and all-cause mortality. Additionally, NOACs were superior to warfarin in the incidence of intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, myocardial infarction, and vascular death.

Conclusions
Among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients with diabetes, NOACs were associated with a lower risk of SSE versus warfarin, with no significant difference in major bleeding. Therefore, NOACs may be a better clinical choice.
Immune-related 3-lncRNA signature with prognostic connotation in a multi-cancer setting
Authors: Sherif Shimaa , Mall Raghvendra , Almeer Hossam , Naik Adviti , Al Homaid Abdulaziz , Thomas Remy , Roelands Jessica , Narayanan Sathiya , Mohamed Mahmoud Gasim , Bedri Shahinaz , Al-Bader Salha Bujassoum , Junejo Kulsoom , Bedognetti Davide , Hendrickx Wouter , Decock Julie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Advances in our understanding of the tumor microenvironment have radically changed the cancer field, highlighting the emerging need for biomarkers of an active, favorable tumor immune phenotype to aid treatment stratification and clinical prognostication. Numerous immune-related gene signatures have been defined; however, their prognostic value is often limited to one or few cancer types. Moreover, the area of non-coding RNA as biomarkers remains largely unexplored although their number and biological roles are rapidly expanding.

Methods
We developed a multi-step process to identify immune-related long non-coding RNA signatures with prognostic connotation in multiple TCGA solid cancer datasets.

Results
Using the breast cancer dataset as a discovery cohort we found 2988 differentially expressed lncRNAs between immune favorable and unfavorable tumors, as defined by the immunologic constant of rejection (ICR) gene signature. Mapping of the lncRNAs to a coding-non-coding network identified 127 proxy protein-coding genes that are enriched in immune-related diseases and functions. Next, we defined two distinct 20-lncRNA prognostic signatures that show a stronger effect on overall survival than the ICR signature in multiple solid cancers. Furthermore, we found a 3 lncRNA signature that demonstrated prognostic significance across 5 solid cancer types with a stronger association with clinical outcome than ICR. Moreover, this 3 lncRNA signature showed additional prognostic significance in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma as compared to ICR.

Conclusion
We identified an immune-related 3-lncRNA signature with prognostic connotation in multiple solid cancer types which performed equally well and in some cases better than the 20-gene ICR signature, indicating that it could be used as a minimal informative signature for clinical implementation.
Imaging markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive arteriopathy differentiate Alzheimer disease subtypes synergistically
Authors: Chen Ting-Bin , Lee Wei-Ju , Chen Jun-Peng , Chang Shiang-Yu , Lin Chun-Fu , Chen Hung-Chieh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Both cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertensive arteriopathy (HA) are related to cognitive impairment and dementia. This study aimed to clarify CAA- and HA-related small vessel disease (SVD) imaging marker associations with cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer disease (AD) subtypes.

Methods
A sample of 137 subjects with clinically diagnosed late-onset AD identified from the dementia registry of a single center from January 2017 to October 2021 were enrolled. Semi-quantitative imaging changes (visual rating scale grading) suggestive of SVD were analyzed singularly and compositely, and their correlations with cognitive domains and AD subtypes were examined.

Results
Patients with typical and limbic-predominant AD subtypes had worse cognitive performance and higher dementia severity than minimal-atrophy subtype patients. Deep white matter hyperintensity (WMH) presence correlated inversely with short-term memory (STM) performance. The three composite SVD scores correlated with different cognitive domains and had distinct associations with AD subtypes. After adjusting for relevant demographic factors, multivariate logistic regression (using minimal-atrophy subtype as the reference condition) revealed the following: associations of the typical subtype with periventricular WMH [odds ratio (OR) 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–5.57, p = 0.012], global SVD score (OR 1.67; 95%CI, 1.11–2.52, p = 0.009), and HA-SVD score (OR 1.93; 95%CI, 1.10–3.52, p = 0.034); associations of limbic-predominant subtype with HA-SVD score (OR 2.57; 95%CI, 1.23–5.37, p = 0.012) and most global and domain-specific cognitive scores; and an association of hippocampal-sparing subtype with HA-SVD score (OR 3.30; 95%CI, 1.58–6.85, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Composite SVD imaging markers reflect overall CAA and/or HA severity and may have differential associations with cognitive domains and AD subtypes. Our finding supports the possibility that the clinical AD subtypes may reflect differing burdens of underlying CAA and HA microangiopathologies.
Final-note expectancy and humor: an empirical investigation
Authors: Nagy Sándor Imre , Révész György , Séra László , Bandi Szabolcs Ajtony , Stachó László 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Melodic expectations were manipulated to investigate the nature of tonally incongruent melodic final notes that may elicit humor in listeners. To our knowledge, this is the first experiment aiming at studying humor elicitation in music with the use of empirical, quantitative methods. To this aim, we have based the experiment on the incongruency/resolution theory of humor and the violations of expectations in music. Our goal was to determine the amount of change, that is, the degree of incongruency required to elicit humor.

Methods
We composed two simple, 8-bar long melodies, and changed their final notes so that they could randomly finish on any semitone between an octave upwards and downwards with respect to the original, tonic final note. This resulted in 25 versions for both melodies, including the original final notes, for each semitone. Musician and non-musician participants rated each version of each melody on five 7-point bipolar scales according to goodness of fit, humor, beauty, playfulness, and pleasantness.

Results and conclusions
Our results showed that even a single change of the final note can elicit humor. No strong connection was found between humor elicitation and the level of incongruency (i.e., the amount of violation of expectation). Instead, changes to the major-mode melody were more likely to be found humorous than those to the minor-mode melody, implying that a so-called playful context is necessary for humor elicitation as the major melody was labelled playful by the listeners. Furthermore, final notes below the original tonic end note were also found to be less humorous and less fitting to the melodic context than those above it.
The implementation of an online mindfulness-based program for pediatric patients at a tertiary hospital in South America: a feasibility study protocol
Authors: Pasqualucci Paula , Seifert Georg , Filho Vicente Odone , dos Santos Angelica Carreira 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of chronic and complex pediatric health conditions has quickly risen over the last decades. Chronic and complex health conditions make pediatric patients and their families more susceptible to many distressing events during their lifespan. Mindfulness-based interventions have become a popular intervention for individuals living with chronic illnesses and have been adapted for pediatric populations with good results, including online versions. This study intends to report an implementation protocol of an online mindfulness-based program for adolescents to address an important gap in stress relief and health promotion for pediatric patients.

Methods
In this article, we describe the rationale and design of an implementation study of an online mindfulness-based program for pediatric patients at a tertiary pediatric hospital in South America. Participants will be recruited during one year to participate in an eight-session online mindfulness-based program. To assess our primary aim of feasibility, we will exam recruitment, retention and participation rates. Participants will also complete a symptomatology evaluation (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms) at baseline and immediately at post-treatment and fidelity will be evaluated by a structured questionnaire.

Discussion
This study will be the first known to assess the implementation of an online mindfulness-based program for a pediatric population at a tertiary pediatric center in South America under real-life conditions. This study will establish the feasibility of a novel intervention aimed at promoting mental health and positive coping strategies among pediatric patients with chronic and complex health conditions. Evidence from this study would be useful to patients, families, clinicians, and policymakers and will help to devise strategies of health promotion for the pediatric population, as well as serve as a model for a future trial to examine efficacy of the proposed intervention.

Trial registration
This research has been registered at Ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, identifier RBR-23trp87. Registered 25 February 2022—retrospectively registered.
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy retroillumination: applications and illusions
Authors: Mainster Martin A. , Desmettre Thomas , Querques Giuseppe , Turner Patricia L. , Ledesma-Gil Gerardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs) are used widely for reflectance, fluorescence or autofluorescence photography and less commonly for retroillumination imaging. SLOs scan a visible light or near-infrared radiation laser beam across the retina, collecting light from each retinal spot as it’s illuminated. An SLO’s clinical applications, image contrast and axial resolution are largely determined by an aperture overlying its photodetector. High contrast, reflectance images are produced using small diameter, centered apertures (confocal apertures) that collect retroreflections and reject side-scattered veiling light returned from the fundus. Retroillumination images are acquired with annular on-axis or laterally-displaced off-axis apertures that capture scattered light and reject the retroreflected light used for reflectance imaging. SLO axial resolution is roughly 300 μm, comparable to macular thickness, so SLOs cannot provide the depth-resolved chorioretinal information obtainable with optical coherence tomography’s (OCT’s) 3 μm axial resolution. Retroillumination highlights and shades the boundaries of chorioretinal tissues and abnormalities, facilitating detection of small drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits and subthreshold laser lesions. It also facilitates screening for large-area chorioretinal irregularities not readily identified with other en face retinal imaging modalities. Shaded boundaries create the perception of lesion elevation or depression, a characteristic of retroillumination but not reflectance SLO images. These illusions are not reliable representations of three-dimensional chorioretinal anatomy and they differ from objective OCT en face topography. SLO retroillumination has been a useful but not indispensable retinal imaging modality for over 30 years. Continuing investigation is needed to determine its most appropriate clinical roles in multimodal retinal imaging.
Intersectionality and the invisibility of transgender health in the Philippines
Authors: Abesamis Luis Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransgender (trans) Filipinos are disproportionately vulnerable to health problems because of the inaccessibility of essential healthcare services resulting from the invisibility and exclusion of trans health in Philippine health and related social institutions. Because of the institutional prejudice and discrimination against trans Filipinos in Philippine society, an intersectional approach presents an opportunity to analyze the invisibility and potentially elucidate the unique health needs of trans Filipinos. This article elucidates how the invisibility of trans Filipinos in health is a product of co-existing and interacting prejudiced and discriminatory institutions, such as the law, education, and medicine, where the historical experiences of colonization, the hegemony of cisgenderism, and the impact of capitalism remain salient. By elucidating these co-existing and interacting structures and forces, this article highlights the gaps in the Philippine healthcare system, such as the lack of affirming and protective policies for trans health and the limited cultural competence of healthcare providers. In light of these, future research and policy work must work towards integrating gender-specific and gender-inclusive approaches, centering the voices of trans Filipinos in health discourses, and decolonizing and expanding the local understanding of trans health among Filipinos.
Guillain–Barré syndrome variants: a grave complication of bariatric surgery
Authors: Aljthalin Raseel A. , Al-Attas Alawi A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Guillain–Barré syndrome is an acquired inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system. It is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid symmetrical weakness of the limbs and areflexia usually reaching its peak within a month.

Case presentation
Herein we report two post-bariatric surgery cases that presented with clinical pictures of Guillain–Barré syndrome based on their clinical and electrophysiological findings. Both patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin for 5 days. Both patients showed significant improvement and full recovery.

Conclusion
Guillain–Barré syndrome is a possible grave complication of bariatric surgery which needs prompt recognition and intervention.
Frequency-swept feedback interferometry for noncooperative-target ranging with a stand-off distance of several hundred meters
Authors: Wang Yifan , Xu Xin , Dai Zongren , Hua Ziyu , Lin Chenxiao , Hou Yubin , Zhang Qian , Wang Pu , Tan Yidong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrequency-swept interferometry (FSI) is a powerful ranging method with high precision and immunity to ambient light. However, the stand-off distance of the current FSI-based ranging system for noncooperative targets is relatively short because the weak echo power cannot provide the needed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Here, we report a ranging method that combines FSI and the laser feedback technique. Compared with conventional FSI, the interference between the weak echo signal and the local oscillator occurs in the laser cavity, which enhances the signal spontaneously and then provides an improved SNR. In the experiments, the detection limit of the echo power is less than 0.1 fW, with a 1 mW probe beam. Based on the enhancement from the laser feedback technique, the system can detect a noncooperative target that is up to hundreds of meters away in space without extra optical amplifiers. On the other hand, a large stand-off distance makes the system sensitive to environmental disturbance, which degrades the ranging precision. To address this issue, an interferometry-based compensation device, which is also sensitive to weak echoes from noncooperative targets, is proposed to monitor the optical-path-length drifts and ensure accurate beat frequency recognition. Moreover, the device can record distance changes during the integration time of ranging and track a moving target precisely with improved temporal resolution. Owing to the high sensitivity and the validity of the compensation approach, the standard deviation in 10 measurements is better than 0.07 mm when targeting an aluminum sheet at approximately 152 m. Generally, with a large range, high relative precision, and low photon consumption, the novel technical scheme for laser ranging demonstrates new capabilities that promise to enable a wide range of applications, such as large equipment assembly and noncooperative-target tracking.
Flexure behavior of hollow steel beams strengthening with ferrocement
Authors: Elkassas Ehab , Morsy Alaa M. , Marzouck Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExperimental and numerical studies are carried out to investigate the flexural behavior of precast lightweight composite beams composed of a hollow steel beam strengthened with a ferrocement layer. This composite beam comprises of a slender cold-formed hollow section of dimension (140 × 180 mm) of different thicknesses surrounded by a ferrocement layer. This composite beam is named a precast ferrocement cold-formed hollow section (FCH). Nine beams with a span of 1500 mm were tested under a four-point bending system to evaluate their flexural strength. Four different parameters have been examined, which are the spacing of shear connectors, ferrocement thickness, hollow steel section thickness, and the effect of surface friction. The test results showed that the presence of 30 mm ferrocement layer increased the capacity by 18% compared with the control specimen. The presence of shear connectors increases the capacity by 30%. Increasing the steel cross-section thicknesses increase section capacity by 16–33% and finally, increasing the surface friction has a very small effect on the section capacity, which can be neglected. The finite element models were developed and validated by the test results; results show a close agreement between the experimental and finite element results. Extensive parameters were investigated, which were mortar compressive strength (f'c) and the position of the shear connectors. The results indicated that increasing mortar strength increases section capacity ranging between 11% and 18%. The presence of a shear connector in the web and the lower flange of the hollow section have an insignificant effect.
Predictors of compliance with payer-led oncology clinical pathways.
Authors: Mullangi Samyukta , Chen Xiaoxue , Pham Timothy , Liu Ying , Gordon Aliza , Debono David Joseph , Fisch Michael Jordan , Gonen Mithat , Hershman Dawn L. 
Published: September 2022

7 Background: Rising healthcare costs have garnered interest from payers in shifting oncology care towards a value-based practice model. Pathways are a subset of evidence-based guidelines designed to standardize cancer drug prescribing by clarifying decisions along three priorities: efficacy, safety, and cost. However, the major predictors of compliance with clinical pathway recommendations are unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims linked with prior authorization data of Anthem commercial and Medicare Advantage members. We identified members aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of breast, lung, colorectal, bladder, kidney, uterine, pancreatic cancer or melanoma being treated with a first-line treatment regimen in the metastatic setting between July 2018 and October 2021. The primary outcome was pathway compliance (PC), defined as whether a patient’s anti-cancer drug regimen is also an Anthem pathway-endorsed regimen. We built a logistic regression model with stepwise backward selection to identify patient, physician, practice, geographic, and temporal factors that were associated with PC. Results: The cohort comprised 17,584 patients in total. The treatment period yielded 11,277 (64%) observations of patients with PC (48.1% male, mean [SD] age 60.7 years [11]) and 6,307 (36%) without PC (45.1% male, mean [SD] age 60.4 years [11.6]). In adjusted analyses, we find that the odds of PC decrease over time and with variation by malignancy. Any inpatient (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.22 – 1.43) or emergency room utilization (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.12 – 1.31) in the baseline 6-month period was associated with a higher odds of PC. Conversely, doubling total medical costs in the preceding 6 months was associated with lower odds of PC (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.83 – 0.88). The odds of PC increased with a higher share (median or above vs below median) of Anthem patients per physician (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.20). Finally, Oncology Care Model participation was associated with higher odds of PC (OR = 1.13 95% CI 1.04 – 1.23). Conclusions: Among patients treated in the first-line setting for metastatic disease, PC was observed in slightly under two-thirds of cases and was associated with the penetration of Anthem patients in the practice. Participation in OCM was also associated with increased PC. These findings would be of interest to policymakers focused on value-based cancer care.