bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing the conduction of confidential conversations with adolescents in the emergency department: A multicenter, qualitative analysis
Authors: Chernick Lauren S. , Bugaighis Mona , Britton Laura , Cruz Andrea T. , Goyal Monika K. , Mistry Rakesh D. , Reed Jennifer L. , Bakken Suzanne , Santelli John S. , Dayan Peter S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealth care providers (HCPs) in the emergency department (ED) frequently must decide whether to conduct or forego confidential conversations with adolescent patients about sensitive topics, such as those related to mental health, substance use, and sexual and reproductive health. The objective of this multicenter qualitative analysis was to identify factors that influence the conduct of confidential conversations with adolescent patients in the ED.MethodsIn this qualitative study, we conducted semistructured interviews of ED HCPs from five academic, pediatric EDs in distinct geographic regions. We purposively sampled HCPs across gender, professional title, and professional experience. We used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to develop an interview guide to assess individual and system‐level factors affecting HCP behavior regarding the conduct of confidential conversations with adolescents. Enrollment continued until we reached saturation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by three investigators based on thematic analysis. We used the coded transcripts to collaboratively generate belief statements, which are first‐person statements that reflect shared perspectives.ResultsWe conducted 38 interviews (18 physicians, 11 registered nurses, five nurse practitioners, and four physician assistants). We generated 17 belief statements across nine TDF domains. Predominant influences on having confidential conversations included self‐efficacy in speaking with adolescents alone, wanting to address sexual health complaints, maintaining patient flow, experiencing parental resistance and limited space, and having inadequate resources to address patient concerns and personal preconceptions about patients. Perspectives divided between wanting to provide focused medical care related only to their chief complaint versus self‐identifying as a holistic medical HCP.ConclusionsThe factors influencing the conduct of confidential conversations included multiple TDF domains, elucidating how numerous intersecting factors influence whether ED HCPs address sensitive adolescent health needs. These data suggest methods to enhance and facilitate confidential conversations when deemed appropriate in the care of adolescents in the ED.
A new species of Collartida Villiers from the Solomon Islands (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Davranoglou Leonidas‐Romanos , Baňař Petr , Malenovský Igor , Kment Petr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the present study, Collartida eowilsoni sp. nov. is described from Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), which extends the distribution of the genus and the tribe Collartidini as a whole to the Oceanian biogeographic realm. The highly aberrant morphology of the new species required a reassessment of the diagnostic characters and generic limits of Collartida. To evaluate the systematic position of C. eowilsoni sp. nov. a morphology‐based cladistic analysis was performed, for which homologies of cephalic armature were reinterpreted. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species to its congeners and among other members of the tribe are discussed.
Identification of key variants correlated with susceptibility of primary osteoporosis in the Chinese Han group
Authors: Li Yanjiao , Liu Qi , Ma Qiuye , Ma Zhaoxia , Chen Juan , Yu An , Ma Changguo , Qiu Lihua , Shi Hong , Liang Hongsuo , Hu Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and vulnerability to fractures. The genetics of osteoporosis in the Chinese population remain unclear, which hinders the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in China. This study aimed to explore the susceptibility genes and the roles played by their variants in osteoporosis.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 45 osteoporosis patients and 30 healthy individuals, and genome‐wide association study was performed on array data. The expression levels of the candidate gene in different genotypes were further determined by using quantitative real‐time PCR. Moreover, the differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under different genotypes from osteoporosis patients was investigated.ResultsThe most significant variant rs1891632 located in the upstream (918 bp) region of CRB2, which could down‐regulate the expression levels of CRB2 in genotype‐tissue expression database and played an essential role in the regulation of osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation during skeletal development. Another significant variant rs1061657 located within the 3′UTR region of TBX3 gene. We found that the mRNA levels of TBX3 decreased in the bMSCs of old osteoporosis patients. Interestingly, osteoblast differentiation capacity and TBX3 mRNA levels were similar between the young healthy individuals carrying derived and ancestral allele of rs1061657, whereas the differentiation capacity and TBX3 mRNA levels dramatically declined in elderly patients with osteoporosis.ConclusionsThe variant rs1061657 might affect the osteogenesis of bMSCs in an age‐dependent manner and that TBX3 may be a key susceptibility gene for primary osteoporosis. In conclusion, CRB2 and TBX3 may influence the development of osteoporosis; additionally, rs1891632 and rs1061657, as the key variants first reported to be associated with primary osteoporosis, may potentially contribute to predicting the risk of osteoporosis (especially for older individuals) and may serve as therapeutic targets.
Optimal common limb length in Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery: is it important for an ideal outcome? – a systematic review
Authors: Hort Amy , Cheng Qiuye , Morosin Tia , Yoon Peter , Talbot Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery the common limb length (CLL) is thought to significantly impact on nutritional and metabolic outcomes. However, there has been little focus on establishing routine standardized CLL measurements and its subsequent effect on weight loss and nutritional status. This review aimed to determine the effect of variations of CLL in RYGB surgery on post‐operative outcomes, particularly nutritional status, while considering the need for routine CLL measurements in addition to measuring biliopancreatic limb and alimentary limb lengths.MethodsA systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. All English language articles addressing CLL and impact on weight loss, nutritional and metabolic outcomes were retrieved and reviewed.ResultsThirteen relevant studies were identified with CLLs varying from 76 to >600 cm. No significant difference in total body weight loss or excess weight loss was observed. Significant metabolic improvements occurred with shorter CLLs. Nutritional deficiencies were more severe when the CLL was <400 cm.ConclusionThe data from this systematic review suggests that reasonable weight loss and positive impacts on metabolic outcomes can be achieved with CLLs of >400 cm.
Editorial: terlipressin in patients with ACLF grade 3—too late? Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Wong Florence , Pappas S. Chris , Jamil Khurram 
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17195 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17244
A narrative review of vaccine pharmacovigilance during mass vaccination campaigns: Focus on myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Piché‐Renaud Pierre‐Philippe , Morris Shaun K. , Top Karina A. 
Published: December 2022

Vaccines have had a tremendous impact on reducing the burden of infectious diseases; however, they have the potential to cause adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). Prelicensure clinical trials are limited in their ability to detect rare AEFIs that may occur in less than one per thousand individuals. While postmarketing surveillance systems have shown COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines to be safe, they led to the identification of rare cases of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID‐19 vaccination that were not initially detected in clinical trials. In this narrative review, we highlight concepts of vaccine pharmacovigilance during mass vaccination campaigns and compare the approaches used in the context of myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID‐19 vaccination to historical examples. We describe mechanisms of passive and active surveillance, their strengths and limitations, and how they interacted to identify and characterize the safety signal of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination. Articles were synthesized from a PubMed search using relevant keywords for articles published on vaccine surveillance systems and myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID‐19 vaccination, as well as the authors' collections of relevant publications and grey literature reports. The global experience around the identification and monitoring of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination has provided important lessons for vaccine safety surveillance and highlighted its importance in maintaining public trust in mass vaccination programmes in a pandemic context.
Postmortem quantitative MRI disentangles histological lesion types in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Galbusera Riccardo , Bahn Erik , Weigel Matthias , Schaedelin Sabine , Franz Jonas , Lu Po‐Jui , Barakovic Muhamed , Melie‐Garcia Lester , Dechent Peter , Lutti Antoine , Sati Pascal , Reich Daniel S. , Nair Govind , Brück Wolfgang , Kappos Ludwig , Stadelmann Christine , Granziera Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantitative MRI (qMRI) probes the microstructural properties of the central nervous system (CNS) by providing biophysical measures of tissue characteristics. In this work, we aimed to (i) identify qMRI measures that distinguish histological lesion types in postmortem multiple sclerosis (MS) brains, especially the remyelinated ones; and to (ii) investigate the relationship between those measures and quantitative histological markers of myelin, axons, and astrocytes in the same experimental setting. Three fixed MS whole brains were imaged with qMRI at 3T to obtain magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), myelin water fraction (MWF), quantitative T1 (qT1), quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) maps. The identification of lesion types (active, inactive, chronic active, or remyelinated) and quantification of tissue components were performed using histological staining methods as well as immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Pairwise logistic and LASSO regression models were used to identify the best qMRI discriminators of lesion types. The association between qMRI and quantitative histological measures was performed using Spearman's correlations and linear mixed‐effect models. We identified a total of 65 lesions. MTR and MWF best predicted the chance of a lesion to be remyelinated, whereas RD and QSM were useful in the discrimination of active lesions. The measurement of microstructural properties through qMRI did not show any difference between chronic active and inactive lesions. MWF and RD were associated with myelin content in both lesions and normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), FA was the measure most associated with axon content in both locations, while MWF was associated with astrocyte immunoreactivity only in lesions. Moreover, we provided evidence of extensive astrogliosis in remyelinated lesions. Our study provides new information on the discriminative power of qMRI in differentiating MS lesions ‐especially remyelinated ones‐ as well as on the relative association between multiple qMRI measures and myelin, axon and astrocytes.
Fine‐scale temporal dynamics of flower visitors sheds light on insect‐assemblage overlap between sexes in a dioecious Ecuadorian palm
Authors: Auffray Thomas , Montúfar Rommel , Uquillas Santiago Xavier Palacios , Barragán Alvaro , Pincebourde Sylvain , Gibernau Marc , Dangles Olivier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDioecious plants generally display sexual dimorphism in male and female floral traits, potentially attracting slightly different pollinator communities. The sharing of common floral visitors between male and female flowers and their timing of visits to both sexes is of critical importance to ensure plant's reproductive success. Palm inflorescences are visited by abundant and diverse insect communities, yet the temporal patterns of insect visits on both sexes remain poorly known. We characterized the composition of a community of flower‐visiting arthropods associated with the dioecious ivory palm (Phytelephas aequatorialis, Spruce) in a pre‐montane forest of Ecuador. We monitored the temporal variations in insect visits along the flowering of 12 inflorescences (eight female and four male) using interception traps recovered every 4 h. We report 59 morphospecies in the arthropod community, dominated by three beetle families: Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae, and Curculionidae. Male inflorescences were more abundantly visited than female, but visitors of the later were taxonomically more diverse. Among the 16 pollinator candidates identified, nine visited both inflorescence sexes synchronously at dusk /night whereas the others did so asynchronously during the day. Our study provides new insights into the pollination mechanism ofP. aequatorialis.We found evidence of differential pollinator attraction between floral sexes, which may be explained by the sexual dimorphism of both flowers. Synchronicity in dusk/night visits of both inflorescence sexes suggests a sexual synchronization of the signal used to attract pollinators.Abstract in Spainsh is available with online material
Altered neurovascular coupling in children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Hu Jie , Ran Haifeng , Chen Guiqin , He Yulun , Li Qinghui , Liu Junwei , Li Fangling , Liu Heng , Zhang Tijiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsAlterations in neuronal activity and cerebral hemodynamics have been reported in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients, possibly resulting in neurovascular decoupling; however, no neuroimaging evidence confirmed this disruption. This study aimed to investigate the possible presence of neurovascular decoupling and its clinical implications in childhood IGE using resting‐state fMRI and arterial spin labeling imaging.MethodsIGE patients and healthy participants underwent resting‐state fMRI and arterial spin labeling imaging to calculate degree centrality (DC) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), respectively. Across‐voxel CBF‐DC correlations were analyzed to evaluate the neurovascular coupling within the whole gray matter, and the regional coupling of brain region was assessed with the CBF/DC ratio.ResultsThe study included 26 children with IGE and 35 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs). Compared with the HCs, the IGE group presented lower across‐voxel CBF‐DC correlations, higher CBF/DC ratio in the right posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and medial frontal gyrus (MFG), and lower ratio in the left inferior frontal gyrus. The increased CBF/DC ratio in the right MFG was correlated with lower performance intelligence quotient scores in the IGE group.ConclusionChildren with IGE present altered neurovascular coupling, associated with lower performance intelligence quotient scores. The study shed a new insight into the pathophysiology of epilepsy and provided potential imaging biomarkers of cognitive performances in children with IGE.
Application of organ dysfunction assessment scores following pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: O'Connor Chinyere , Munoz Flor M. , Gazzaneo Maria C. , Melicoff Ernestina , Das Shailendra , Lam Fong , Coss‐Bu Jorge A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveOrgan dysfunction (OD) after lung transplantation can reflect preoperative organ failure, intraoperative acute organ damage and post‐operative complications. We assessed two OD scoring systems, both the PEdiatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) and the pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) scores, in recognizing risk factors for morbidity as well as recipients with prolonged post‐transplant morbidity.DesignMedical records of recipients from January 2009 to March 2016 were reviewed. PELOD and pSOFA scores were calculated on post‐transplant days 1‐3. Risk factors assessed included cystic fibrosis (CF), prolonged surgical time and worst primary graft dysfunction (PGD) score amongst others. Patients were classified into three groups based on their initial scores (group A) and subsequent trends either uptrending (group B) or downtrending (group C). Morbidity outcomes were compared between these groups.ResultsTotal 98 patients were enrolled aged 0–20 years. Risk factors for higher pSOFA scores ≥ 5 on day 1 included non‐CF diagnosis and worst PGD scores (p = .0006 and p = .03, respectively). Kruskal Wallis analysis comparing pSOFA group A versus B versus C scores showed significantly prolonged ventilatory days (median 1 vs. 4 vs. 2, p = .0028) and ICU days (median 4 vs. 10 vs. 6, p = .007). Similarly, PELOD group A versus B versus C scores showed significantly prolonged ventilatory days (1 vs. 5 vs. 2, p = < .0001).ConclusionImplementing pSOFA scores bedside is a more effective tool compared to PELOD in identifying risk factors for worsened OD post‐lung transplant and can be valuable in providing direction on morbidity outcomes in the ICU.
Effect of heat treatment on the variable amplitude fatigue life and microstructure of the novel bioinspired Ti‐6Al‐4V thin tubes fabricated using Selective Laser Melting process
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Hiremath Somashekhar S. , Kenchappa Nagesha Bommanahalli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, thin tubes are mimicked based on the architecture of Euplectella aspergillum and studied for fatigue performance under variable amplitude loading. The thin tubes are fabricated with Ti‐6Al‐4V material using the selective laser melting (SLM) process. SLM printed components are always subjected to residual stresses, which can reduce fatigue performance of the components. Heat treatment effect on the fatigue performance, microstructure, and residual stress is studied. Complex geometry and sharp corners in the bioinspired tubes result in stress concentration, which further reduces the fatigue performance. The value of residual stresses at the sharp corners is dependent on the height of the tube, thickness of struts, and intersection of different struts. Heat treatment significantly reduces the residual stresses and increases the fatigue life of the thin tubes; however, strength decreases after heat treatment. Heat‐treated thin tubes showed a higher concentration of (α + β) phase, which results in decreased residual stress and improved ductility of the thin tubes. Advanced bionic thin tubes can be used for lightweight crash boxes, sandwich panels, bio‐implants, grid stiffened structures, etc.
The role of emotions during mergers and acquisitions: A review of the past and a glimpse into the future
Authors: Klok Yoeri , Kroon David P. , Khapova Svetlana N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch on emotions during different phases of the merger and acquisition (M&A) process (i.e., pre‐M&A, during M&A and post‐M&A) has increased exponentially over the past three decades. However, few attempts have been made to integrate the findings. By systematically reviewing research on emotions during M&As published over the past 30 years, this paper aims to contribute to filling this gap. We organized our findings using a process framework, addressing emotional triggers, the nature of emotions and their dynamics, effects and management. Our review reveals several oversights in research on emotions during M&As, such as the emotional dynamics between the different M&A phases and the role of positive emotions. To address these oversights, future research is encouraged to (a) study emotions following a process‐oriented perspective on M&As and include the (interrelationships between) different M&A phases, (b) address the emergence of emotional heterogeneity and homogeneity among organizational members during these phases, (c) investigate the widespread effects of positive emotions and take into account various levels of emotion and (d) explore how emotions can be successfully managed. The paper concludes with a discussion of how these research directions can advance research on emotions during the M&A process.
Global biogeography of ant social parasites: Exploring patterns and mechanisms of an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient
Authors: Gray Kyle W. , Rabeling Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimOne of the most consistent global biogeographic patterns is the latitudinal diversity gradient where species richness peaks within the equatorial tropics and decreases towards the poles. Here, we explore the global biogeography of socially parasitic ant species, which comprises the most diverse group of social parasites in the Hymenoptera. We test the biogeographic hypothesis that ant social parasites are distributed along an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient (iLDG) by peaking in diversity outside of the equatorial tropics, which would contrast with the biogeographic pattern observed in free‐living, non‐parasitic ant species.LocationGlobal.TaxonAnts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).MethodsWe assembled a comprehensive biogeographic dataset consisting of 6001 geographic distribution records for all 371 taxonomically described socially parasitic ant species. We used phylogenetic and taxonomic studies to estimate the number of independent evolutionary origins of ant social parasitism to directly compare species richness with the number of species representing independent evolutionary origins of social parasitism across a latitudinal gradient. In addition, we compared ant social parasite diversity across biogeographic regions using rarefaction to account for different sampling efforts. Finally, we tested for a correlation between latitude and the proportion of ant social parasite species within regional ant faunae.ResultsThe geographic distribution records and the inferred 91 independent evolutionary origins of socially parasitic life histories in ants show that both species richness and the number of species representing independent evolutionary origins of social parasitism peak in the northern hemisphere outside of the equatorial tropics. Based on rarefaction curves, northern latitude regions harbour the most ant social parasite species, but the diversity of independent evolutionary origins is not significantly different between northern and southern hemispheres. The proportion of ant social parasite species within regional faunae is tightly correlated with latitude only in the northern hemisphere.Main conclusionsThe iLDG of ant social parasites contrasts with the biogeographic pattern observed in free‐living, non‐parasitic ant species and appears to be driven by large species radiations as well as by the presence of specialized life histories exclusive to the northern hemisphere.