bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro-CT Imaging of Low-density Plant Stems
Authors: Heel Bonita Van , Heuschele Deborah Jo , He Yiting , Fok Alex 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Micro-CT (X-ray computed tomographic) allows for 3D visualization of an entire structure, both internally and externally. The different materials are identified based on the differences in their ability to attenuate X-ray, with the differences being converted into a range of grey values. Low-density plant tissues with limited differences in grey values create a challenge in differentiating the cellular structures. In addition, internal movements due to autolysis, degradation, and shrinkage during dehydration of the tissues during scanning give rise to blurry images.
Results
In this study, oats and wheat were scanned using micro-CT to optimize the use of micro-CT in low-density plants. With the assistance of chemical fixing, phosphotunstate and a chemical drying agent, we were able to visualize microstructures of cereal stems. These preparation steps allow us to create 3D micrographs of low-density stem nodes suggesting key structural differences that are correlated with lodging resistance.
Conclusion
Micro-CT is a valuable tool to create 3D structural images of low-density material. Multiple steps to prepare the samples to stop autolysis, increase the contrast during scanning and eliminate internal movement are described in this paper. This process allowed for visualization of the stem nodal region suggesting morphology related to lodging resistance.
A hybrid explicit-implicit staggered-grid finite-difference scheme for the first-order acoustic wave-equation modeling
Authors: Wang Yanfei , Cao Jingjie , Liang Wenquan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Implicit staggered-grid finite-difference (ISGFD) methods are widely used for the first-order acoustic wave-equation modeling. The identical ISGFD operator is commonly used for all of the first-order spatial derivatives in the first-order acoustic wave-equation. In this paper, we propose a hybrid explicit-implicit SGFD (HEI-SGFD) scheme which could simultaneously preserve the wave-equation simulation accuracy and increase the wave-equation simulation speed. We use a second-order explicit SGFD (ESGFD) operator for half of the first-order spatial derivatives in the first-order acoustic wave-equation. At the same time, we use the ISGFD operator with added points in the diagonal direction for the other first-order spatial derivatives in the first-order acoustic wave-equation. The proposed HEI-SGFD scheme nearly doubles the wave-equation simulation speed compared to the ISGFD schemes. In essence, the proposed HEI-SGFD scheme is equivalent to the second-order FD scheme with ordinary grid format. We then determine the HEI-SGFD coefficients in the time-space domain by minimizing the phase velocity error using the least-squares method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a dispersion analysis and numerical simulations.
Microstructure evolution of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloys prepared by controlled diffusion solidification
Authors: Khalaf Abbas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The possibility of changing the dendritic microstructure associated with the conventional casting processes of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys to non-dendritic microstructure by using the controlled diffusion solidification process (CDS) has been investigated. The successful CDS process depends on mixing two precursor alloys heated at a superheat condition near their respective liquidus temperature. Experimental work and simulation work using Ansys software was carried out in the present study by employing Al-Si and Al-Cu systems. This study investigates the effect of the content of the two precursor alloys, the mass ratio changing from 2.6 to 8.3, and the superheat of the first precursor alloy on changing the microstructure. The experimental results show that the pure aluminum used as the first precursor alloy needs more undercooling and agitation during the mixing to form the non-dendritic microstructure compared with hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. Further, mixing pure aluminum with hypereutectic alloy can change the microstructure of hypoeutectic alloys leading to extending the possibility to choose the second precursor alloy. The results also show that a higher mass ratio is preferred when mixing pure aluminum with hypoeutectic alloy. Furthermore, the microstructure of the alloy Al- 6.45Si- 4Cu- 0.5Mg- 0.66Fe- 0.66 wt%Zn was successfully changed via the CDS process by mixing Al- 7.75Si- 0.79Fe- 0.78Zn- 0.6 wt%Mg at 2°C superheat into Al-24 wt%Cu at around 5°C superheat. The simulation results show that lower air bubbles and better distribution of the two precursor alloys happen during the mixing step when using the Al-Cu system.
Trends in Co-mention of Stimulants and Opioids: A Natural Language Processing Driven Analysis of Reddit Forums
Authors: Sarker Abeed , Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Ge Yao , Nataraj Nisha , Jones Christopher M , Sumner Steven A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDespite recent increasing focus on fatal overdoses involving multiple substances, there is a paucity of knowledge about stimulant co-use patterns among people who use opioids (PWUO) or people being treated with medication for opioid use disorder (PTMOUD). This study examines stimulant co-mention trends among PWUO/PTMOUD on social media.MethodsWe collected publicly-available data from 14 prescription and illicit opioid and MOUD-related forums on Reddit (subreddits) between 2011-2020 and timelines comprising past posts from a sample of Reddit users (Redditors) on these forums. We applied natural language processing to detect mentions of opioids, opioid-related medications, and stimulants and described trends and patterns in co-mentions. ResultsPosts collected for 13,812 Redditors indicated 12,306 (89.1%) mentioned ≥1 opioid, opioid-related medication or stimulant. Analyses showed the number and proportion of Redditors mentioning both opioids and/or opioid-related medications and stimulants steadily increased over time. Relative rates of co-mentions of heroin and methamphetamine, substances most commonly co-mentioned, decreased in recent years while those of fentanyl and MOUD with methamphetamine increased. ConclusionData from Reddit reflect increasing mentions of stimulants, particularly methamphetamine, among PWUO/PTMOUD and closely resemble the growth in overdose deaths involving both opioids and stimulants. These findings are consistent with recent reports suggesting increasing stimulant use among people receiving treatment for opioid use disorder. These data offer insights on emerging trends in the overdose epidemic and underscore the importance of scaling efforts to address co-occurring opioid and stimulant use including harm reduction and comprehensive healthcare access spanning mental-health services and substance use disorder treatment.
Identification of hub genes for adult patients with sepsis via construction of a microRNA-mRNA-PPI network
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hu yingchun , Wei Peiyao , Shi Liu , Shi Lei , Li Jianzhou , Zhao Yalei , Chen yunru , Zhang Xi , Ye Feng , Liu Xiaojing , Lin Shumei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: To screen out potential prognostic hub genes for adult patients with sepsis via construction of a microRNA-mRNA-PPI network, and investigate the localization of these core genes in peripheral blood monocytes.Methods: The peripheral bloods of 33 subjects were performed microRNA and mRNA sequencing using high-throughput sequencing, differentially expressed genes and microRNAs were identified by bioinformatics. 10×single-cell transcriptome sequencing was conducted further.Results: Of which 23 adult septic patients and 10 healthy individuals, a relative levels of transcription of 20391 genes, and 1633 microRNAs were detected by RNA sequencing. A total of 1114 differentially expressed genes and 76 differentially expressed microRNAs were obtained using DESeq2, 454 differential expression genes (DEGs) were distinguished ultimately. The microRNA-mRNA-PPI network was constructed based on DEGs and the top 20 differentially expressed microRNAs, which included 10 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated microRNAs. Furthermore, hub genes TLR5, FCGR1A, ELANE, GNLY, IL2RB and TGFBR3 which may be association with the prognosis of sepsis and their negative correlation microRNAs were recognized. Genes TLR5, FCGR1A and ELANE were mainly expressed in macrophages, genes GNLY, IL2RB and TGFBR3 were expressed specifically in T cells and nature kill cells.Conclusions: The parallel analysis of mRNA and microRNA in patients with sepsis using RNA-seq was feasible. Potential hub genes and microRNAs which are possibly related to sepsis prognosis were identified, it provides new prospects for sepsis. However, further experiments need to be required.
Impact of Preoperative Body Mass Index and Weight Loss on Morbidity and Mortality Following Colorectal Cancer – a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Axt Steffen , Wilhelm Peter , Spahlinger Ricarda , Rolinger Jens , Johannink Jonas , Kirschniak Andreas , Falch Claudius 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Body weight and preoperative weight loss are controversially discussed as risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality in colorectal cancer surgery. The objective of this study is to determine whether body mass index (BMI) nor weight loss are associated with a higher postoperative complication rate. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study data analysis of 1241 consecutive patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery at Tübingen University Hospital in an 11-year period was performed. Main outcome measures were wound infections, anastomotic leakages and in-house mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test (n>60) / the Pearson Chi2-test (n<60) or the Mann-Whitney ranksum test. Illustration of the relationship between metric and nominal values was compiled with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the Youden Index was determined. Also, logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: 697 (56%) patients with colon and 544 (44%) with rectum carcinoma underwent surgery. The rate of wound infection for each location increased with rising BMI. Threshold value was 28.8 kg/m2. Obese patients developed significantly more wound infections than normal-weight patients did following rectal resection (18.0% vs. 8.2%, p=0.018). Patients with preoperative weight loss developed significantly more anastomotic leaks following colon resections than did patients without preoperative weight loss (6.2% vs. 2.5%, p=0.046). In-house mortality was significantly higher in obese patients following colon resections than in overweight patients (4.3% vs. 0.4%, p=0.012). Regression analysis with reference to postoperative in-house mortality revealed neither increased BMI nor weight loss as an independent risk factor. Conclusions: Increased preoperative BMI is associated with a higher wound infection rate. Anastomotic leakage rate after colon resection was significantly higher in patients showing preoperative weight loss. Preoperative BMI and weight loss are therefore risk factors for postoperative morbidity in this study. Nevertheless, this has to be further clarified by means of prospective studies. Trial registration:Registration in German clinical trials register was performed retrospectively (DRKS00025359).
UGT2B7 372A&gt;G Polymorphism Is Related To a Therapeutic Response to Lamotrigine Augmentation Therapy in Depressed Patients Who Did Not Respond to Adequate Treatment: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kagawa Shoko , Mihara Kazuo , Suzuki Takeshi , Nagai Goyo , Nakamura Akifumi , Nemoto Kenji , Kondo Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Lamotrigine is mainly metabolized by UGT1A4 and UGT2B7, both of which are expressed in the blood–brain barrier. Polymorphisms of said UGTs that affect enzyme activities have been reported. This study investigated the relationship between these polymorphisms and its therapeutic effect in 55 depressed patients who did not respond to adequate treatment during an 8-week treatment of lamotrigine augmentation using an open-study design.Patients and Methods: The subjects were 55 depressed patients who had already shown insufficient response to at least 3 psychotropics including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and atypical antipsychotics. The diagnoses were major depressive disorder (n=22), bipolar I disorder (n=9), and bipolar II disorder (n=24). The final doses of lamotrigine were 100 mg/d for 33 subjects who were not taking valproate and 75 mg/d for 22 subjects taking valproate, respectively. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale before and after the 8-week treatment. Blood sampling was performed at week 8. The genotypes of these polymorphisms were identified by PCR. Results: Percentage improvements at week 8 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the patients with A/A genotype of UGT2B7 372A>G (48.8 ± 29.8%) than in those with A/G or G/G genotype (31.5 ± 27.6%). There was no significant relationship between the percent improvements and the UGT 1A4 142T>G or UGT2B7 -161C>T polymorphism. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the UGT2B7 372A>G polymorphism may be partially related to a therapeutic response to lamotrigine augmentation therapy in depressed patients who did not respond to adequate treatment.
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: on its way to becoming an endemic disease?
Authors: Mattiuzzi Camilla , Henry Brandon M. , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We analysed the impact of Alpha, Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 lineages throughout the three sequential waves of these variants in the UK. In summary, the cumulative vaccination rate increased by over 12-fold throughout the study period, while the odds of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related hospitalizations declined by 78% and 83% from Alpha to Delta and Alpha to Omicron periods. Likewise, COVID-19 related deaths declined by 93% and 95% from Alpha to Delta and Alpha to Omicron periods. Widespread vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 mutation seem thus to have combined to modify the scenario, with early signs of endemicity.
Random mutagenesis of a Pseudomonas putida strain capable of acclimating to high-concentration formaldehyde via atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP)
Authors: Kong Fang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Formaldehyde has strong cytotoxicity to organisms and may cause nasopharyngeal cancer and probably leukemia. This study is intended to investigate a highly formaldehyde-resistant utilizer, the Pseudomonas putida W1 strain. Bacterial strain W1 isolated from untreated activated sludge samples collected from heavily formaldehyde- and aniline-contaminated areas was identified using morphological characteristics and molecular techniques. The formaldehyde concentration in the medium decreased with the growth of strain W1. The degradation of formaldehyde concentration depends on the cell number of strain W1. The W1 strain completely consumed 0.5 g L-1 of nearly 98% formaldehyde within 48 h. Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) was applied to improve the tolerance to formaldehyde and the genetic stability of P. putida. The protocol for rapid mutation was established by different intervals with a fatality rate reaching 99% and then compared with the dual gradient plate screening method. Growth of the isolated mutant WMZ120-5 strain on formaldehyde was possible up to at least 3 g L-1, and survival at up to a concentration of 20 g L-1 was possible after stepwise acclimatization. At such high concentrations of formaldehyde, the mutant WMZ120-5 exhibited approximately seven-fold higher expression than the original strain W1. The characteristics of the mutant after mutagenesis showed good genetic stability after the 10th subculture. Our study demonstrated that strain WMZ120-5 has great potential to utilize formaldehyde at high concentrations in the environment.
The Importance of Anatomic Configuration and Cystic Changes in Macular Hole: Predicting Surgical Success with a Different Approach
Authors: Ozturk Yücel , Ağın Abdullah , Kockar Nadir , Ay Nevzat , Imamoglu Serhat , Kose Alev Ozcelik , Kugu Süleyman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose

This study aimed to define novel metrics for the area of the macular hole (MH) and the cysts placed around the hole using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device.
Methods

This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with 58 eyes of 56 patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to anatomic closure after surgery. The novel metrics including macular hole index (MHI), tractional hole index (THI), and (hole forming factor) HFF, macular hole area (HA), the cystoid space areas in the inner retinal layers (CA), and the cyst hole area index (CHAI) were calculated. Correlation of the CA, the HA, and the CHAI with other indexes was assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and cut-off values were derived for indexes predicting type 1 or type 2 closures.
Results

The CA positively correlated with the base MH size and the maximum MH height (p <0.001, p <0.001, respectively). The HA showed a positive correlation with basal MH size, minimum MH size, and maximum MH height (p <0.001, p <0.001, p <0.001, respectively). CHAI was positively correlated with minimum MH size. (p = 0.02). CHAI and HA were negatively correlated with postoperative BCVA (p= 0.003, p=0.006, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that MHI, THI, and HFF predicted type 1 closure; on the other hand, CHAI and HA predicted type 2 closures.
Conclusions

Our novel index CHAI, which can be calculated without any additional software, could successfully predict type 2 closures.
Pulmonary Embolism Caused by Tourniquets in the Lower Extremities Treated with ECMO.A case report
Authors: Liao Xiaozu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Using tourniquets in the lower extremities can increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT). Acute large-area pulmonary embolism(APE) occurs in severe cases, and it is fatal to most patients. Acute large-area pulmonary embolism causes haemodynamic instability, right heart failure and circulatory failure.Case presentation:A 47-year-old female patient was subjected to spinal anaesthesia for comminuted fracture of the tibia and fibula of the left lower limb. After the tourniquet was released during the operation, she had sudden hypotension and lost consciousness. Thus, ECMO was used to support patient circulation. With ECMO-assisted CT examination, he was diagnosed to have pulmonary embolism. On the next day, she was subjected to a bilateral pulmonary embolisation and embolectomy. Lastly, she was transferred to the general ward and discharged smoothly. Conclusions:Patients undergoing fracture surgery should be wary of APE caused by the loss of DVT after the release of tourniquets. ECMO, as a rapid and effective temporary life support intervention, provides effective cardiopulmonary support and new treatment plans. It also saves time for further treatment of patients with high-risk APE.
Dense Packing of Xenon in an Ultra-Microporous Metal−Organic Framework for Benchmark Xenon Capture and Separation
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wen Hui-Min , Gong Youjin , Pei Jiyan , Liu Boyu , Xiong Shunshun , Li Bin , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For adsorptive separation of xenon/krypton mixture, it still remains a daunting challenge to target both high Xe adsorption and selectivity in a single adsorbent because of their close size and inert nature. Herein, we report an ultra-microporous alkyl Cu-based MOF (MOF-11) with suitable pore architecture for benchmark Xe capture and separation. MOF-11 features small pore channels (4.4 Å) close to the kinetic diameter of Xe atom, in which a large number of oppositely adjacent open Cu-metal sites and alkyl cavities are densely arranged along the pore channels in staggered mode. Such unique pore system can not only introduce strong binding affinity with Xe, but also enable the dense packing of Xe inside the pores. This material thus shows the highest Xe storage density of 2826 g L-1 at ambient conditions, record-high Xe uptake of 4.0 mmol g-1 (at 0.2 bar and 298 K) and one of the highest Xe/Kr selectivity (19.1), significantly higher than most top-performing materials reported so far. The Xe molecules trapped within MOF-11 were visually identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment, which unveils the dense packing mechanism of Xe within the pores accountable for the record Xe capture capacity. The breakthrough experiments confirm that MOF-11 exhibits the exceptional separation performance for 20/80 Xe/Kr mixture with both record-high Xe uptake capacity (3.46 mmol g-1) and Kr productivity (350 cm3 g-1).
Optical neuromorphic processing with Kerr microcombs: Scaling the network in size and speed to the PetaOp regime
Authors: Moss David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), inspired by biological visual cortex systems, are a powerful category of artificial neural networks that can extract the hierarchical features of raw data to greatly reduce the network parametric complexity and enhance the predicting accuracy. They are of significant interest for machine learning tasks such as computer vision, speech recognition, playing board games and medical diagnosis [1–7]. Optical neural networks offer the promise of dramatically accelerating computing speed to overcome the inherent bandwidth bottleneck of electronics. Here, we demonstrate a universal optical vector convolutional accelerator operating beyond 10 Tera-OPS (TOPS - operations per second), generating convolutions of images of 250,000 pixels with 8-bit resolution for 10 kernels simultaneously — enough for facial image recognition. We then use the same hardware to sequentially form a deep optical CNN with ten output neurons, achieving successful recognition of full 10 digits with 900 pixel handwritten digit images with 88% accuracy. Our results are based on simultaneously interleaving temporal, wavelength and spatial dimensions enabled by an integrated microcomb source. We show that this approach is scalable and trainable to much more complex networks for demanding applications such as unmanned vehicle and real-time video recognition.
Camrelizumab successfully treated a patient with hepato-pulmonary metastasis of gastric cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sun Jiangang , Zhang Ming , Li Xiaojing , Chen Peng , Gao Yongshun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The application of camrelizumab in gastrointestinal tumors is in ongoing clinical trials and has shown good outcomes, which provides a new idea for the diagnosis, treatment and research of gastric cancer. A 70-year-old male patient with advanced gastric cancer developed liver and lung metastasis one year after laparoscopic-assisted radical total gastrectomy, despite postoperative trastuzumab and conventional chemotherapy. To treat this metastatic tumor, camrelizumab was started on August 8, 2019. On November 11, 2020, a CT review showed significantly reduced multiple liver metastases as well as nodules in the left upper lung. At the same time, patients had achieved free progression survival of 16 months and overall survival of more than 31 months. This case report provides a new and strong evidence for the treatment of hepato-pulmonary metastasis with camrelizumab in gastric cancer.