bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Informed User Decisions About Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement
Authors: Koi Polaris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPharmacological cognitive enhancement (PCE) refers to the use of pharmaceuticals to improve cognitive function when that use is not intended to prevent or treat disease. Those who favour a liberal approach to PCE trust users to make informed decisions about whether enhancing is in their best interest. The author argues that making informed decisions about PCE requires a nuanced risk-benefit analysis that is not accessible to many users. Presently, the PCE use of prescription medications such as methylphenidate and modafinil is widespread but most commonly happens without medical supervision. Direct and indirect barriers generate a situation where the risks and benefits of PCE are inequitably distributed; as a result, PCE is sometimes not in the user’s best interest. This is likely to also be the case for future pharmaceuticals. As a result, even if PCE pharmaceuticals were equitably distributed, its associated risks and benefits would not be. The article concludes with a discussion of the prospects of the clinical consultation on one hand, and e-health solutions on the other, in ameliorating the situation, arguing for cautious optimism.
Synthetic Attributes and the Schematized Categories
Authors: Edwards Maximilian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithin Kant scholarship, there is an entrenched tendency to distinguish, on Kant’s behalf, between pure and ‘schematized’ categories. There is also a widespread tendency to view the schematized categories as conceptually richer than the pure categories. I argue that this reading of the distinction, which I call the standard view, should be rejected. In its place, I draw on a neglected part of Kant’s theory of marks – namely, his account of ‘synthetic attributes’ – to propose an account of the distinction that preserves a strict identity between pure and schematized categories at the level of analysable content.
The effectiveness of compassion-based interventions among cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Ya-Chi , Hsiao Fei-Hsiu , Hsieh Chia-Chen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the effects of compassion-based intervention on mental health in cancer patients by using systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsEleven bibliographic databases were searched from their earliest data available date up to March 1, 2022. The databases were PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, WOS, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations, Airiti Library, and the National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.ResultsTen studies from 2015 to 2021 were included with a total of 771 cancer patients. Most were targeted at women with breast cancer. Brief compassion-based interventions of approximately 30 minutes were conducted by audio file, paper, and web-based self-guided writing prompts. Most were conducted after the completion of active treatment. Anxiety was the most measured outcome. Constructive compassion-based interventions with 4- to 12-week sessions were conducted by a trained facilitator. Most were conducted for patients who had undergone treatment, and depression was the most measured outcome. The meta-analysis indicated that compassion-based interventions had a significant effect of reducing depression and increasing self-compassion. Moderation analysis indicated that constructive intervention showed more benefits of increased self-compassion than brief intervention. Both face-to-face and non-face-to-face web-delivered formats had benefits for increasing self-compassion compared with the control condition.Significance of resultsCompassion-based interventions might provide an effective strategy for improving self-compassion and depression among patients with breast cancer. Suggestions for further research and health-care providers follow.
Low-profile high gain circularly polarized CRLH transmission line inspired antenna with artificial magnetic conductor for wearable applications
Authors: Abbas Mohammad Hussain , Singh Shamsher , Sharma Ankit , Gangwar Deepak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, a compact, wideband, circularly polarized wearable antenna is proposed using asymmetric coplanar strip feeding for wireless health monitor applications in the ISM frequency band. The proposed antenna consists of a composite right/left transmission line (CRLH TL) inspired structure to achieve compactness and a rectangular ring slot is created in the metallic ground to enhance the CP radiation of the antenna. A 5 × 5 artificial magnetic conductor unit cell-based metasurface is designed which is operating at 2.4 GHz as a ground plane for the CRLH-based CP antenna. Implementation of AMC-based metasurface as a ground plane results in enhancement of radiation characteristics of CRLH TL antenna. The proposed antenna has a small footprint of 50 × 50 mm2 with measured impedance bandwidth of 2.3–3.2 GHz. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 2.36–2.78 GHz with peak gain of 5.89 dBi. Simulation and experimental results show that proposed AMC-based antenna is robust in terms of structural deformation. Further, to validate the performance of the antenna for biomedical applications, we have simulated the proposed antenna with human phantom model. The proposed antenna exhibits stable scattering and radiation characteristics with the phantom body environment and due to the inclusion of AMC structure, the proposed design satisfies maximum specific absorption rate value given as per the IEEE standard safety guidelines.
Salt Transport Regimes Caused by Tidal and Subtidal Processes in Narrow Estuaries
Authors: Dijkstra Yoeri M. , Schuttelaars Henk M. , Kranenburg Wouter M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTidally averaged transport of salt in estuaries is controlled by various subtidal and tidal processes. In this study, we show the relative importance of various subtidal and tidal transport processes in a width‐averaged sense. This is done for a large range of forcing and geometric parameters, which describe well‐mixed to salt wedge estuaries. To this end, we develop a width‐averaged process‐based model aimed at conducting and analyzing a large number of experiments (∼40,000). We find that the salt transport is dominated by one of seven salt transport balances, or regimes. Four of these regimes are dominated by subtidal processes, while the other three are dominated by tidal processes. Which regime occurs in a part of an estuary depends on four dimensionless parameters, representing local geometry, and forcing conditions. One of the regimes features salt import by correlations between the depth‐averaged tidal velocity and salinity. While this mechanism was previously only associated with along‐channel geometric variations, we find it can also be a dominant mechanism in a significant part of the parameter space due to river‐induced tidal asymmetry, independent of river geometry. We apply our classification to a case study of part of the Dutch Rhine delta and compare to decomposition results of a fully realistic three‐dimensional model. We find the estuary features two regimes, with import dominated by subtidal shear transport in the seaward part of the estuary and by depth‐averaged tidal correlations in the landward part of the estuary.
Short‐Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions for Sequelae of Stroke in Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Wang Rui , Xu Ruijun , Wei Jing , Liu Tingting , Ye Yunshao , Li Yingxin , Lin Qiaoxuan , Zhou Yun , Huang Suli , Lv Ziquan , Tian Qi , Liu Yuewei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtensive evidence suggests that ambient air pollution contributes to a higher risk of hospital admissions for cerebrovascular diseases; however, its association with admissions for sequelae of stroke remains unclear. A time‐stratified case‐crossover study was conducted among 31,810 older adults who were admitted to hospital for sequelae of stroke in Guangzhou, China during 2016–2019. For each subject, daily residential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) was extracted from a validated grid data set. Conditional logistic regression models were used for exposure‐response analyses. In single‐pollutant models, each interquartile range (IQR) increase of lag 04‐day exposure to CO (IQR: 0.25 mg/m3) and lag 3‐day exposure to O3 (69.6 μg/m3) was significantly associated with a 4.53% (95% confidence interval: 1.67%, 7.47%) and 5.63% (1.92%, 9.48%) increase in odds of hospital admissions for sequelae of stroke, respectively. These associations did not significantly vary across age or sex. With further adjustment for each of the other pollutants in 2‐pollutant models, the association for CO did not change significantly, while the association for O3 disappeared. We estimated that 7.72% of the hospital admissions were attributable to CO exposures. No significant or consistent association was observed for exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, or NO2. In conclusion, short‐term exposure to ambient CO, even at levels below the WHO air quality guideline, was significantly associated with an increased odds of hospital admissions for sequelae of stroke, which may lead to considerable excess hospital admissions.
Statistical Study of the Relationship Between Pi1/2‐Band Wave Powers and Firehose Instability Criterion During Fast Flows in the Magnetotail Plasma Sheet
Authors: Wei Jiayun , Wang Guoqiang , Zuo Pingbing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFast flows play a significant role in the transport of magnetic flux, mass, and energy in the terrestrial plasma sheet. Abundant wave activities occur during fast flows, however, what determines their wave powers is not fully understood. Here, we statistically investigate the relation of Pi1‐band (10–40 s) and Pi2‐band (40–150 s) mean wave amplitudes (MWAs) to the threshold of firehose instabilities during fast flows based on observations of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. To reduce the effect of dipolarization processes on the MWAs, we only analyze the fast flows with an average BZ < 3 nT, where BZ is the Z component of the magnetic field in the geocentric solar magnetospheric coordinate system. The compressional and transverse components of the magnetic field fluctuations during fast flows are mostly comparable for each frequency range. The probability of reaching firehose unstable condition tends to be larger for the faster fast flow. The Pi1/2‐band MWAs tend to be larger as the probability of the firehose unstable condition near the neutral sheet is larger for the fast flows with a certain average velocity near the neutral sheet, although they have a weak relationship. Our results suggest that the firehose instability is a possible factor to affect the Pi1/2‐band MWAs during the fast flow in the magnetotail current sheet.
Relative Contributions of Open‐Ocean Forcing and Local Wind to Sea Level Variability Along the West Coasts of Ocean Basins
Authors: Lin Wenqiang , Lin Hongyang , Hu Jianyu , Huang Lingfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to reconstruct sea level at the coast by quantifying relative contributions of local wind forcing and the penetrated open‐ocean signals, and thus to build a dynamical connection that seamlessly links the ocean basin to the coast. A linear, modified arrested topographic wave (ATW) model is used to examine the transmission of interior sea level across the continental shelf and the role of alongshore wind in determining the coastal sea level. The local wind stress substantially influences the coastal sea level but does not affect the transmission of open‐ocean signals in the linear framework. Increased bottom friction or gentler slope of shelf favors the penetration of open‐ocean signals. This modified ATW model is then applied to the shelf seas of North Pacific and North Atlantic, with model parameters being set according to the realistic features of regional oceanography. The offshore boundary condition is determined by the integrated barotropic and baroclinic ocean responses in the ocean basin and the transmission processes across western boundary currents. Based on the proposed “basin‐to‐coast” dynamical linkage framework, one can estimate the relative contributions of open‐ocean forcing and local wind to the total coastal sea level. According to these partitions, the reconstructed coastal sea levels along the west coasts of North Pacific and North Atlantic on seasonal time scale are in close agreement with tide‐gauge observations. The idea and specific calculations of coastal sea level reconstruction could be readily applied to other coasts of the global ocean.
Do Emergent Constraints on Carbon Cycle Feedbacks Hold in CMIP6?
Authors: Zechlau Sabrina , Schlund Manuel , Cox Peter M. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Eyring Veronika 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmergent constraints on carbon cycle feedbacks in response to warming and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration have previously been identified in Earth system models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phase 5. Here, we examine whether two of these emergent constraints also hold for CMIP6. The spread of the sensitivity of tropical land carbon uptake to tropical warming in an idealized simulation with a 1% per year increase of atmospheric CO2 shows only a slight decrease in CMIP6 (−52 ± 35 GtC/K) compared to CMIP5 (−49 ± 40 GtC/K). For both model generations, the observed interannual variability in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 yields a consistent emergent constraint on the sensitivity of tropical land carbon uptake with a constrained range of −37 ± 14 GtC/K for the combined ensemble (i.e., a reduction of ∼30% in the best estimate and 60% in the uncertainty range relative to the multimodel mean of the combined ensemble). A further emergent constraint is based on a relationship between CO2 fertilization and the historical increase in the CO2 seasonal cycle amplitude in high latitudes. However, this emergent constraint is not evident in CMIP6. This is in part because the historical increase in the amplitude of the CO2 seasonal cycle is more accurately simulated in CMIP6, such that the models are all now close to the observational constraint.
HSPB8 counteracts tumor activity of BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma cells by modulation of RAS-prenylation and autophagy
Authors: Cristofani Riccardo , Piccolella Margherita , Montagnani Marelli Marina , Tedesco Barbara , Poletti Angelo , Moretti Roberta Manuela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of skin cancer. Some specific driver mutations have been described in multiple oncogenes including BRAF and NRAS that are mutated in 60–70% and 15–20% of melanoma, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Small Heat Shock Protein B8 (HSPB8) on cell growth and migration of both BLM (BRAFwt/NRASQ61R) and A375 (BRAFV600E/NRASwt) human melanoma cell lines. HSPB8 is a member of the HSPB family of chaperones involved in protein quality control (PQC) system and contributes to chaperone assisted selective autophagy (CASA) as well as in the regulation of mitotic spindle. In cancer, HSPB8 has anti- or pro-tumoral action depending on tumor type. In melanoma cell lines characterized by low HSPB8 levels, we demonstrated that the restoration of HSPB8 expression causes cell growth arrest, reversion of EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition)-like phenotype switching and antimigratory effect, independently from the cell mutational status. We demonstrated that HSPB8 regulates the levels of the active prenylated form of NRAS in NRAS-mutant and NRAS-wild-type melanoma cell lines. Consequently, the inhibition of NRAS impairs the activation of Akt/mTOR pathway inducing autophagy activation. Autophagy can play a dual role in regulating cell death and survival. We have therefore demonstrated that HSPB8-induced autophagy is a crucial event that counteracts cell growth in melanoma. Collectively, our results suggest that HSPB8 has an antitumoral action in melanoma cells characterized by BRAF and NRAS mutations.
Loss of myeloid Tsc2 predisposes to angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm formation in mice
Authors: Liu Xue , Liu Yan , Yang Rui-xue , Ding Xiang-jiu , Liang Er-shun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Genetic studies have proved the involvement of Tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 2 (Tsc2) in aortic aneurysm. However, the exact role of macrophage Tsc2 in the vascular system remains unclear. Here, we examined the potential function of macrophage Tsc2 in the development of aortic remodeling and aortic aneurysms.

Methods and results
Conditional gene knockout strategy combined with histology and whole-transcriptomic analysis showed that Tsc2 deficiency in macrophages aggravated the progression of aortic aneurysms along with an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metallopeptidase-9 in the angiotensin II-induced mouse model. G protein-coupled receptor 68 (Gpr68), a proton-sensing receptor for detecting the extracellular acidic pH, was identified as the most up-regulated gene in Tsc2 deficient macrophages compared with control macrophages. Additionally, Tsc2 deficient macrophages displayed higher glycolysis and glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatment partially attenuated the level of Gpr68. We further demonstrated an Tsc2-Gpr68-CREB network in macrophages that regulates the inflammatory response, proteolytic degradation and vascular homeostasis. Gpr68 inhibition largely abrogated the progression of aortic aneurysms caused by Tsc2 deficiency in macrophages.

Conclusions
The findings reveal that Tsc2 deficiency in macrophages contributes to aortic aneurysm formation, at least in part, by upregulating Gpr68 expression, which subsequently drives proinflammatory processes and matrix metallopeptidase activation. The data also provide a novel therapeutic strategy to limit the progression of the aneurysm resulting from Tsc2 mutations.
RACK1 is evolutionary conserved in satellite stem cell activation and adult skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Catalani Elisabetta , Zecchini Silvia , Giovarelli Matteo , Cherubini Agnese , Del Quondam Simona , Brunetti Kashi , Silvestri Federica , Roux-Biejat Paulina , Napoli Alessandra , Casati Silvia Rosanna , Ceci Marcello , Romano Nicla , Bongiorni Silvia , Prantera Giorgio , Clementi Emilio , Perrotta Cristiana , De Palma Clara , Cervia Davide 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). Despite numerous mechanisms have been described, different signals are emerging as relevant in SC homeostasis. Here we demonstrated that the Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 (RACK1) is important in SC function. RACK1 was expressed transiently in the skeletal muscle of post-natal mice, being abundant in the early phase of muscle growth and almost disappearing in adult mature fibers. The presence of RACK1 in interstitial SC was also detected. After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) we found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. To note, RACK1 also localized in the active SC that populate recovering tissue. The dynamics of RACK1 levels in isolated adult SC of mice, i.e., progressively high during differentiation and low compared to proliferating conditions, and RACK1 silencing indicated that RACK1 promotes both the formation of myotubes and the accretion of nascent myotubes. In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage we observed a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. Our results also suggest the coupling of RACK1 to muscle unfolded protein response during SC activation. Collectively, we provided the first evidence that transient levels of the evolutionarily conserved factor RACK1 are critical for adult SC activation and proper skeletal muscle regeneration, favoring the efficient progression of SC from a committed to a fully differentiated state.
Unscheduled DNA replication in G1 causes genome instability and damage signatures indicative of replication collisions
Authors: Reusswig Karl-Uwe , Bittmann Julia , Peritore Martina , Courtes Mathilde , Pardo Benjamin , Wierer Michael , Mann Matthias , Pfander Boris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDNA replicates once per cell cycle. Interfering with the regulation of DNA replication initiation generates genome instability through over-replication and has been linked to early stages of cancer development. Here, we engineer genetic systems in budding yeast to induce unscheduled replication in a G1-like cell cycle state. Unscheduled G1 replication initiates at canonical S-phase origins. We quantifiy the composition of replisomes in G1- and S-phase and identified firing factors, polymerase α, and histone supply as factors that limit replication outside S-phase. G1 replication per se does not trigger cellular checkpoints. Subsequent replication during S-phase, however, results in over-replication and leads to chromosome breaks and chromosome-wide, strand-biased occurrence of RPA-bound single-stranded DNA, indicating head-to-tail replication collisions as a key mechanism generating genome instability upon G1 replication. Low-level, sporadic induction of G1 replication induces an identical response, indicating findings from synthetic systems are applicable to naturally occurring scenarios of unscheduled replication initiation.
Global crop yields can be lifted by timely adaptation of growing periods to climate change
Authors: Minoli Sara , Jägermeyr Jonas , Asseng Senthold , Urfels Anton , Müller Christoph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdaptive management of crop growing periods by adjusting sowing dates and cultivars is one of the central aspects of crop production systems, tightly connected to local climate. However, it is so far underrepresented in crop-model based assessments of yields under climate change. In this study, we integrate models of farmers’ decision making with biophysical crop modeling at the global scale to simulate crop calendars adaptation and its effect on crop yields of maize, rice, sorghum, soybean and wheat. We simulate crop growing periods and yields (1986-2099) under counterfactual management scenarios assuming no adaptation, timely adaptation or delayed adaptation of sowing dates and cultivars. We then compare the counterfactual growing periods and corresponding yields at the end of the century (2080-2099). We find that (i) with adaptation, temperature-driven sowing dates (typical at latitudes >30°N-S) will have larger shifts than precipitation-driven sowing dates (at latitudes <30°N-S); (ii) later-maturing cultivars will be needed, particularly at higher latitudes; (iii) timely adaptation of growing periods would increase actual crop yields by ~12%, reducing climate change negative impacts and enhancing the positive CO2fertilization effect. Despite remaining uncertainties, crop growing periods adaptation require consideration in climate change impact assessments.