bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles showing potential applications for sensing quaternary ammonium vapor at room temperature
Authors: Quispe Luis T , Mamani L G Luza , Baldárrago-Alcántara A A , Félix L León , Goya Gerardo F , Fuentes-García J A , Pacheco-Salazar D G , Coaquira J A H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
P-type and n-type metal oxide semiconductors are widely used in the manufacture of gas sensing materials, due to their excellent electronic, electrical and electrocatalytic properties. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) compound has been reported as a promising material for sensing broad types of gases, due to its affordability, good stability and semiconducting properties. In the present work, the efficient and easy-to-implement sol-gel method has been used to synthesize α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs). The TGA-DSC characterizations of the precursor gel provided information about the phase transformation temperature and the mass percentage of the hematite NPs. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data analyses indicated the formation of two iron oxide phases (hematite and magnetite) when the NPs are subjected to thermal treatment at 400 °C. Meanwhile, only the hematite phase was determined for thermal annealing above 500 °C up to 800 °C. Besides, the crystallite size shows an increasing trend with the thermal annealing and no defined morphology. A clear reduction of surface defects, associated with oxygen vacancies was also evidenced when the annealing temperature was increased, resulting in changes on the electrical properties of hematite NPs. Resistive gas-sensing tests were carried out using hematite NPs + glycerin paste, to detect quaternary ammonium compounds. Room-temperature high sensitivity values (S
r ∼ 4) have been obtained during the detection of ∼1 mM quaternary ammonium compounds vapor. The dependence of the sensitivity on the particle size, the mass ratio of NPs with respect to the organic ligand, changes in the dielectric properties, and the electrical conduction mechanism of gas sensing was discussed.
Influence of ferromagnetic slice on the charging performance of a through-wall HTS flux pump employing a magnetic coupler
Authors: Li Jing , Sun Chenzhen , Zhou Pengbo , Li Songlin , Wang Ruichen , Ren Gang , Zhou Yanyu , Ma Guangtong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets have been investigated widely for their higher upper critical magnetic field, larger engineering critical current density and simpler cryogenic system compared with low-temperature superconducting magnets. However, in order to keep the permanent-current mode of the HTS magnets, the external power supply is usually employed to charge the magnet via copper current leads, which is a considerable heat source to the cooling system. Thus, in order to avoid the heat disturbance brought by the current leads, a new ‘through-wall’ dynamo-type HTS flux pump using a pair of magnetic couplers is proposed, realizing the truly wireless power transfer, and exploring its possible application for the conduction cooled system. Based on the proposed structure, the heat conduction, which was calculated to be about 7.75 W, and heat convection could be minimized. In addition, to further improve the charging performance of the dynamo-type flux pump, a ferromagnetic (FM) slice was added at different positions of the system. The effect of the FM slice on charging performance is studied numerically and experimentally. According to the results of simulations and experiments, adding an FM slice under the HTS stator improves the saturated current and the charging speed of the dynamo-type flux pump by 20%–30%.
Nonadiabatic decay of metastable states on coupled linear potentials
Authors: Duspayev Alisher , Shah Ansh , Raithel Georg 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Avoided crossings of level pairs with opposite slopes can form potential-energy minima for the external degree of freedom of quantum particles, giving rise to metastable states on the avoided crossings (MSACs). Nonadiabatic decay of MSACs is studied by solving the two-component Schrödinger equation in diabatic and adiabatic representations. Non-perturbative lifetime values are found by evaluating wave function flux and scattering phases of time-independent solutions, as well as wave-function decay of time-dependent solutions. The values from these methods generally agree well, validating the utilized approaches. As the adiabaticity parameter, V, of the system is increased by about a factor of ten across the mixed diabatic/adiabatic regime, the MSAC character transitions from marginally to highly stable, with the lifetimes increasing by about ten orders of magnitude. The dependence of MSAC lifetime on the vibrational quantum number, ν, is discussed for several regimes of V. Time-dependent perturbation theory yields lifetimes that deviate by ≲30% from non-perturbative results, over the range of V and ν studied, while a semi-classical model based on Landau–Zener tunneling is up to a factor of twenty off. The results are relevant to numerous atomic and molecular systems with metastable states on intersecting, coupled potential energy curves.
Sign freedom of non-abelian topological charges in phononic and photonic topological semimetals
Authors: Park Haedong , Oh Sang Soon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The topological nature of nodal lines in three-band systems can be described by non-abelian topological charges called quaternion numbers. Due to the gauge freedom of the eigenstates, the sign of quaternion numbers can be flipped by performing a gauge transformation, i.e., choosing a different basis of eigenstates. However, the sign flipping has not been explicitly shown in realistic systems such as phononic and photonic topological semimetals. Here, we elaborate on the sign freedom of non-abelian topological charges by visualizing numerically calculated topological charges in phononic and photonic topological semimetals. For this, we employ a common reference point method for multiple nodal lines and thus confirm that the sign flipping does not cause any inconsistency in building the quaternion group.
SI-traceable solar irradiance measurements for aerosol optical depth retrieval
Authors: Kouremeti Natalia , Nevas Saulius , Kazadzis Stelios , Gröbner Julian , Schneider Philipp , Schwind Kerstin Maria 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The overall aim of this study is to enable the traceable to International System of Units (SI) determination of column-integrated aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from the passive remote sensing of the atmosphere using SI-traceable direct solar spectral irradiance measurements. A precision filter radiometer that measures direct solar spectral irradiance for the retrieval of AOD has been characterized and calibrated at the state-of-the-art calibration facilities of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. The measured SI-traceable solar irradiances together with three state-of-the-art top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) solar spectra have been used for retrieving AODs, which were validated against the reference AOD instruments of the World Aerosol Optical Depth Calibration Centre of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Calibration factors agreed within ±0.57% (3σ) using all three TOA spectra except for 368 nm (−1.1%) and 862 nm (1.8%) channels for one out of the three TOA spectra. Application of these results to the AOD retrieval showed AOD differences with the current reference methods/instruments well within the recommended WMO limits. The work provides a first step to opening a new era of AOD measurements traceability, providing a link to the SI through a laboratory-based approach, with the main advantages being the low uncertainty, the possibility of enhancing global AOD homogenization efforts and the chance to avoid calibration activities based on instrument relocations.
Beam loss monitoring system for the SKIF synchrotron light source
Authors: Maltseva Yu.I. , Ivanenko S.V. , Khilchenko A.D. , Ma X.C. , Meshkov O.I. , Morsina A.A. , Puryga E.A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Siberian ring source of photons (SKIF) is a new 3 GeV
fourth-generation synchrotron light source being developed by the
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP). A beam loss monitoring
system is necessary to ensure its reliable commissioning and
operation. Two types of beam loss monitors will be installed in the
SKIF: 5 fiber-based Cherenkov beam loss monitors (CBLMs) for the
linac and transfer lines and 128 scintillator-based beam loss
monitors (SBLMs) for the storage ring. Sophisticated electronic
equipment is employed to use these monitors in different modes of
SKIF operation. The paper describes the design of the SKIF beam loss
monitoring system based on numerical simulations and experimental
studies.
Sustainable urban development observatory of Thessaloniki - lessons learnt from the first year of operation
Authors: Konstantia B , Evdokia M , Giorgos G , Konstantinos G , Anastasia I , Dimitris K , Chrisos M K , Konstantinos T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Sustainable Urban Development Observatory of Thessaloniki (SUDOTh) started operating in the first semester of 2020 with the objective to promote territorial evidence in policy making in urban governance. SUDOTh was developed as part of the Sustainable Urban Development Strategy 2016-2023 of Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area to address the need to obtain, observe and monitor how complex urban functions interact, at a territorial level, with product development (or lagging) effects. In the first year of operation, the Observatory had to set, test and evaluate the system of indicators and indexes it uses. Initially the system was formed in 4 basic sections: 1. Territorial Development and Urban renewal, 2. Urban Mobility, 3. Environmental Conditions and 4. Social Conditions. An extra set of indicators for Urban Governance was also developed. The process of data collection, test and evaluation of indicators was eventually coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation influenced deeply several urban functions as well as the data collection methodology. The first results and conclusions from the first year of the operation of SUDOTh are presented and discussed further in this paper.
Influence analysis of regional loans on basic infrastructure establishment to recover economy during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Gai A M , Sir M M , Maulida R R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The decline at economic activities in Sikka Regency, resulted in a decrease in the regional income. Consequently, the Government needed additional funds to meet basic infrastructure needs obtained from the Regional Loans Program. This study aimed to examine the effects of Regional Loans on the growth of other sectors as a trickle-down effect that can restore the economy in Sikka Regency. This research employed qualitative and quantitative approaches. The secondary data were obtained from the Sikka Government. there were four types of health infrastructure, six types of clean water infrastructure activities, and five types of road and bridge constructions to be built in Sikka Regency. Regarding the sectors that affect the basic infrastructure there was one type of essential sector impacted, namely the financial and banking sector. Meanwhile, in the critical sector, five types of sectors were influenced, namely logistics and transportation, cement, construction, basic utilities (electricity and water), and basic daily needs. In the critical sector, road infrastructure contributed the highest percentage of influence of 55%, followed by clean water infrastructure of 23%, and health infrastructure of 14%. the socio-economic effects in health factor 0,03%, clean water 0,9%, and road infrastructures 2,65% of households.
Typology of Manggarai slum area: the strategy of resilient city to fencing pandemic
Authors: Syafitri R A W D , Sukri M F , Hakim D N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The post-pandemic COVID-19 demands an increasingly massive planning transformation in adopting spatial principles. It is often found the configuration of urban space is often the driver of the distribution level of the number of cases. Several spatial variables, such as the irregularity of the building, building density, and the technical requirements of the building, are closely related to the assessment of the indicators of slum settlements. Manggarai Slum Area is one of the slum clusters that have the potential to become the epicentrum of COVID-19 in Jakarta. So, it is necessary to have a strategy for structuring slum areas without compromising the rules of adaptation to the pandemic. The phase is begins by classifying the typology of the level of slums. Followed by a SWOT analysis for identifying general strategic development and determining the strategy for each typology. Generally, residential areas are classified as priority 1 category A1 and A3 (heavy slums), only differing from the legality of the land. Buildings, facilities, utilities, and legal needs to be prioritized in this area. While in the priority 3 category C3 (low slum) classification in the form of a military housing area. The right strategy is the fulfillment of basic infrastructure
Tin dioxide nanoparticles for waste water treatment: facile synthesis and characterization
Authors: Ehsan Rimsha , Haq Sirajul , Shahzad Nadia , Ali Manel Ben , Abdallah Fethi Ben , Hassan Montasser M , Hedfi Amor , Din Salah Ud , Shahzad Muhammad Imran 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTin dioxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) are synthesized by usingBuxus wallichiana(B. Wallichiana) leaf extract. To determine the surface area (138.2 m2g−1) and pore size of the SnO2 NPs, the nitrogen adsorption-desorption method used. The average crystallite size was determined to be 38 nm using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), were used to investigate the structural and optical properties of SnO2NPs with a band gap of 3.69 eV. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the chemical analysis. In this experiment, methyl orange (MO) was deteriorated in the presence of artificial sun light for 140 min, where 97.50 percent of the dye decolorized. A 15 ppm solution of MO with the pH 6, was treated in the presence of 20 mg of the catalyst, resulting in the highest photocatalytic activity.
Critical quantum metrology with fully-connected models: from Heisenberg to Kibble–Zurek scaling
Authors: Garbe Louis , Abah Obinna , Felicetti Simone , Puebla Ricardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Phase transitions represent a compelling tool for classical and quantum sensing applications. It has been demonstrated that quantum sensors can in principle saturate the Heisenberg scaling, the ultimate precision bound allowed by quantum mechanics, in the limit of large probe number and long measurement time. Due to the critical slowing down, the protocol duration time is of utmost relevance in critical quantum metrology. However, how the long-time limit is reached remains in general an open question. So far, only two dichotomic approaches have been considered, based on either static or dynamical properties of critical quantum systems. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the scaling of the quantum Fisher information for different families of protocols that create a continuous connection between static and dynamical approaches. In particular, we consider fully-connected models, a broad class of quantum critical systems of high experimental relevance. Our analysis unveils the existence of universal precision-scaling regimes. These regimes remain valid even for finite-time protocols and finite-size systems. We also frame these results in a general theoretical perspective, by deriving a precision bound for arbitrary time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonians.
Electro- and photochemical studies of gold (III) bromide towards a novel laser-based method of gold patterning
Authors: Rosenbaum Cecily , Murphy Matthew , Lawrence Paul T , Sirkoch Curtis , Schneeberg Stella Rose , Zigner Kyle , Morris Sarah , Richman Ethan , Anyanwu Chibuzo , Will Eric , Wheeler Clare , Reed Eric , LaFratta Christopher N 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate a novel technique for the microscopic patterning of gold by combining the photoreduction of AuIIIBr4
− to AuIBr2
− and the electrochemical reduction of AuIBr2
− to elemental gold in a single step within solution. While mask-based methods have been the norm for electroplating, the adoption of direct laser writing for flexible, real-time patterning has not been widespread. Through irradiation using a 405 nm laser and applying a voltage corresponding to a selective potential window specific to AuIBr2
−, we have shown that we can locally deposit elemental gold at the focal point of the laser. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of the technique, we have collected data on the kinetics of the photoreduction reaction in ethanol and have deduced its rate law. We have confirmed the selective deposition of AuIBr2
− within a potential window through controlled potential electrolysis experiments and through direct measurement on a quartz crystal microbalance. Finally, we have verified local deposition through scanning electron microscopy.
Exploring the kinase-inhibitor fragment interaction space facilitates the discovery of kinase inhibitor overcoming resistance by mutations
Authors: Wang Zhi-Zheng , Wang Ming-Shu , Wang Fan , Shi Xing-Xing , Huang Wei , Hao Ge-Fei , Yang Guang-Fu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Protein kinases play crucial roles in many cellular signaling processes, making them become important targets for drug discovery. But drug resistance mediated by mutation puts a barrier to the therapeutic effect of kinase inhibitors. Fragment-based drug discovery has been successfully applied to overcome such resistance. However, the complicate kinase-inhibitor fragment interaction and fragment-to-lead process seriously limit the efficiency of kinase inhibitor discovery against resistance caused by mutation. Here, we constructed a comprehensive web platform KinaFrag for the fragment-based kinase inhibitor discovery to overcome resistance. The kinase-inhibitor fragment space was investigated from 7783 crystal kinase-inhibitor fragment complexes, and the structural requirements of kinase subpockets were analyzed. The core fragment-based virtual screening workflow towards specific subpockets was developed to generate new kinase inhibitors. A series of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors were designed, and the most potent compound YT9 exhibits up to 70-fold activity improvement than marketed drugs larotrectinib and selitrectinib against G595R, G667C and F589L mutations of TRKA. YT9 shows promising antiproliferative against tumor cells in vitro and effectively inhibits tumor growth in vivo for wild type TRK and TRK mutants. Our results illustrate the great potential of KinaFrag in the kinase inhibitor discovery to combat resistance mediated by mutation. KinaFrag is freely available at http://chemyang.ccnu.edu.cn/ccb/database/KinaFrag/.
Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes
Authors: Lee Woo-Jin , Lee Han-Sang , Kim Do-Yong , Lee Hye-Sung , Moon Jangsup , Park Kyung-Il , Lee Sang Kun , Chu Kon , Lee Soon-Tae 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis is autoimmune encephalitis without any identifiable pathogenic antibody. Although it is a major subtype of autoimmune encephalitis, many unmet clinical needs exist in terms of clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis. In this institutional cohort study, patients diagnosed with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis with available 2-year outcomes were analysed for the disease course, 2-year outcome prediction system, effect of immunotherapy, necessity of further immunotherapy at 6 or 12 months and pattern of brain atrophy. Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis was subcategorized into antibody-negative probable autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune limbic encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Poor 2-year outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale scores 3–6, and the 2-year serial data of Clinical Assessment Scales in Autoimmune Encephalitis score was used for longitudinal data analyses. A total of 147 patients were included. The frequency of achieving a good 2-year outcome (modified Rankin scale 0–2) was 56.5%. The antibody-negative probable autoimmune encephalitis subtype exhibited the poorest outcomes, although the baseline severity was similar among the subtypes. The RAPID score, consisting of five early usable clinical factors, refractory status epilepticus, age of onset ≥60 years, probable autoimmune encephalitis (antibody-negative probable autoimmune encephalitis subtype), infratentorial involvement and delay of immunotherapy ≥1 month, was associated with poorer 2-year outcomes. Any immunotherapy was associated with clinical improvement in the patients with low risk for poor 2-year outcomes (RAPID scores 0–1), and the combination immunotherapy of steroid, immunoglobulin, rituximab and tocilizumab was associated with better outcomes in the patients with high risk for poor 2-year outcomes (RAPID scores 2–5). In patients with persistent disease at 6 months, continuing immunotherapy was associated with more improvement, while the effect of continuing immunotherapy for more than 12 months was unclear. In the longitudinal analysis of MRI, the development of cerebellar atrophy indicated poor outcomes, while the absence of diffuse cerebral atrophy or medial temporal atrophy indicated the possibility of a good outcome. This study provides information about the clinical characteristics and courses, the effect of immunotherapy and its duration, and prognostic factors in seronegative autoimmune encephalitis.
Female Genital Variation Far Exceeds That of Male Genitalia: A Review of Comparative Anatomy of Clitoris and the Female Lower Reproductive Tract in Theria
Authors: Pavlicev Mihaela , Herdina Anna Nele , Wagner Günter 
Published: May 2022

Synopsis
A review of the literature on the anatomy of the lower female genital tract in therian mammals reveals, contrary to the general perception, a large amount of inter-specific variation. Variation in females is anatomically more radical than that in the male genitalia. It includes the absence of whole anatomical units, like the cervix in many Xenarthra, or the absence of the urogenital sinus (UGS), as well as the complete spatial separation of the external clitoral parts from the genital canal (either vagina or UGS). A preliminary phylogenetic analysis shows two patterns. Some morphs are unique to early branching clades, like the absence of the cervix, while others arose multiple times independently, like the flattening out or loss of the UGS, or the extreme elongation of the clitoris. Based on available information, the ancestral eutherian configuration of the external female genitalia included a cervix, a single vaginal segment, a tubular UGS, and an unperforated clitoris close to the entrance of the genital canal. The evidence for either bilobed or unitary glandes clitorides is ambivalent. Despite the wealth of information available, many gaps in knowledge remain and will require a community-wide effort to come to a more robust model of female genital evolutionary patterns.
First-order and second-order necessary optimality conditions for discrete-time stochastic systems with delay
Authors: Song Teng , Liu Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the first-order and second-order necessary optimality conditions for discrete-time stochastic systems with delay under weak assumptions. Based on a characteristic method and a discrete-time backward stochastic equation, we establish the linearized discrete-time stochastic maximum principle and Euler-type necessary optimality condition. Moreover, by a new discrete-time backward stochastic matrix equation, we also obtain the necessary optimality condition of quasi-singular control and the pointwise second-order optimality condition.