bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioartificial livers: a review of their design and manufacture
Authors: Tuerxun Kahaer , He Jianyu , Ibrahim Irxat , Yusupu Zainuer , Yasheng Abudoukeyimu , Xu Qilin , Tang Ronghua , Aikebaier Aizemati , Wu Yuanquan , Tuerdi Maimaitituerxun , Nijiati Mayidili , Zou Xiaoguang , Xu Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rapidly progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Liver transplantation and artificial liver (AL) support systems, such as ALs and bioartificial livers (BALs), are the two major therapies for ALF. Compared to ALs, BALs are composed of functional hepatocytes that provide essential liver functions, including detoxification, metabolite synthesis, and biotransformation. Furthermore, BALs can potentially provide effective support as a form of bridging therapy to liver transplantation or spontaneous recovery for patients with ALF. In this review, we systematically discussed the currently available state-of-the-art designs and manufacturing processes for BAL support systems. Specifically, we classified the cell sources and bioreactors that are applied in BALs, highlighted the advanced technologies of hepatocyte culturing and bioreactor fabrication, and discussed the current challenges and future trends in developing next-generation BALs for large-scale clinical applications.
Interaction-induced velocity renormalization in magic-angle twisted multilayer graphene
Authors: Classen Laura , Pixley J H , König Elio J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Twistronics heterostructures provide a novel route to control the electronic single particle velocity and thereby to engineer strong effective interactions. Here we show that the reverse may also hold, i.e. that these interactions strongly renormalize the band structure. We demonstrate this mechanism for alternating-twist magic-angle three- and four-layer graphene at charge neutrality and in the vicinity of a phase transition which can be described by an Ising Gross-Neveu critical point corresponding, e.g. to the onset of valley Hall or Hall order. While the non-interacting model displays massless Dirac excitations with strongly different velocities, we show that interaction corrections make them equal in the infrared. However, the renormalization group flow of the velocities and of the coupling to the critical bosonic mode is strongly non-monotonic and dominated by the vicinity of a repulsive fixed point. We predict experimental consequences of this theory for tunneling and transport experiments and discuss the expected behavior at other quantum critical points, including those corresponding to intervalley coherent ordering.
Device-circuit analysis of ultra-thin body In1−x
Ga
x
As on insulator MOS transistor with varying indium mole fraction and channel thickness
Authors: Maity Subir Kumar , Pandit Soumya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, with the help of a well-calibrated simulation study, we explore the design space of ultra-thin body In1−x
Ga
x
As-on-Insulator MOS transistor. We have studied the effect of Indium content, and channel thickness on carrier mobility, different analog figure of merits such as transconductance, transconductance generation factor, output conductance, and intrinsic gain of UTB III–V on Insulator MOS transistor. Moreover, we have analyzed the RF performance of the device in terms of unity gain cut-off frequency and maximum oscillation frequency. To verify frequency response characteristics and DC transfer characteristics, the circuit implementation of the UTB III–V on Insulator MOS transistor was performed on a cascode amplifier and differential amplifier. Our result shows that while increasing channel thickness and Indium content, the carrier transport property of the device improves. With an increase in channel thickness and Indium content, a significant improvement in carrier mobility is observed. Due to the poor electrostatic integrity, off-state current of the device increases with channel thickness and Indium content. Due to enhanced transport property, drain current, transconductance, unity gain cut-off frequency, and maximum oscillation frequency also improve. The improvement in analog and RF figure of Merits are also reflected in circuit performance.
A method for finding the background potential of quantum devices from scanning gate microscopy data using machine learning
Authors: da Cunha Carlo R , Aoki Nobuyuki , Ferry David K , Lai Ying-Cheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The inverse problem of estimating the background potential from measurements of the local density of states is a challenging issue in quantum mechanics. Even more difficult is to do this estimation using approximate methods such as scanning gate microscopy (SGM). Here, we propose a machine-learning-based solution by exploiting adaptive cellular neural networks (CNNs). In the paradigmatic setting of a quantum point contact, the training data consist of potential-SGM functional relations represented by image pairs. These are generated by the recursive Green’s function method. We demonstrate that the CNN-based machine learning framework can predict the background potential corresponding to the experimental image data. This is confirmed by analyzing the estimated potential with image processing techniques based on the comparison between the charge densities and those obtained using different techniques. Correlation analysis of the images suggests the possibility of estimating different contributions to the background potential. In particular, our results indicate that both charge puddles and fixed impurities contribute to the spatial patterns found in the SGM data. Our work represents a timely contribution to the rapidly evolving field of exploiting machine learning to solve difficult problems in physics.
Three-dimensional SnO2 nanoparticles synthesized by joule heating as anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jung Woo-Bin , Hong Yu Jin , Yoon Jeesoo , Moon San , Choi Sungho , Kim Do Youb , Suk Jungdon , Chae Oh B. , Wu Mihye , Jung Hee-Tae 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tin dioxide (SnO2) is a promising material for use as anodes because of its high theoretical capacity (1,494 mAh g−1). However, a critical limitation is the large change in volume during repeated cycling by pulverization of SnO2, which results in capacity fading. In this study, we enhanced cycle life and reduced capacity fading by introducing the use of three-dimensional SnO2 nanoparticles on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as an anode material, which is fabricated by simple carbothermal shock through the Joule heating method. Our observations show that the SnO2 nanoparticles are about 50 nm in diameter and are uniformly distributed on CNF, and that the strong connections between SnO2 nanoparticles and CNF are sustained even after repeated cycling. This structural advantage provides high reversible capacity and enhanced cycle performance for over 100 cycles. This study provides insight into the fabrication of anode materials that have strong electric connections between active materials and conductive materials due to the Joule heating method for high-performance lithium ion batteries.
Bacterial membrane vesicles with multiple lipid bilayers: vesicles harboring organelle-like structures
Authors: Tashiro Yosuke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are spherical nanoparticles that are mainly composed of lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids, and outer membrane proteins. OMVs play critical biological roles in stress responses, microbial communication, and bacteria-host interactions. Additionally, they hold great potential for biotechnological applications because of their versatile function in molecular transport while protecting the endogenous substances. While OMVs have been considered lipid monolamellar vesicles for several decades, recent studies have shown that membrane vesicles (MVs) with multiple lipid bilayers, including outer-inner membrane vesicles, multilamellar vesicles and multivesicular vesicles, are also produced by gram-negative bacteria. Some internal vesicles contain cytoplasmic components such as DNA and thus function as organelle-like structures within MVs. This review provides recent findings regarding the biogenesis and properties of MVs with complex structures.
Evaluating hierarchical machine learning approaches to classify biological databases
Authors: Rezende Pâmela M , Xavier Joicymara S , Ascher David B , Fernandes Gabriel R , Pires Douglas E V 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rate of biological data generation has increased dramatically in recent years, which has driven the importance of databases as a resource to guide innovation and the generation of biological insights. Given the complexity and scale of these databases, automatic data classification is often required. Biological data sets are often hierarchical in nature, with varying degrees of complexity, imposing different challenges to train, test and validate accurate and generalizable classification models. While some approaches to classify hierarchical data have been proposed, no guidelines regarding their utility, applicability and limitations have been explored or implemented. These include ‘Local’ approaches considering the hierarchy, building models per level or node, and ‘Global’ hierarchical classification, using a flat classification approach. To fill this gap, here we have systematically contrasted the performance of ‘Local per Level’ and ‘Local per Node’ approaches with a ‘Global’ approach applied to two different hierarchical datasets: BioLip and CATH. The results show how different components of hierarchical data sets, such as variation coefficient and prediction by depth, can guide the choice of appropriate classification schemes. Finally, we provide guidelines to support this process when embarking on a hierarchical classification task, which will help optimize computational resources and predictive performance.
ggmsa: a visual exploration tool for multiple sequence alignment and associated data
Authors: Zhou Lang , Feng Tingze , Xu Shuangbin , Gao Fangluan , Lam Tommy T , Wang Qianwen , Wu Tianzhi , Huang Huina , Zhan Li , Li Lin , Guan Yi , Dai Zehan , Yu Guangchuang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe identification of the conserved and variable regions in the multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is critical to accelerating the process of understanding the function of genes. MSA visualizations allow us to transform sequence features into understandable visual representations. As the sequence–structure–function relationship gains increasing attention in molecular biology studies, the simple display of nucleotide or protein sequence alignment is not satisfied. A more scalable visualization is required to broaden the scope of sequence investigation. Here we present ggmsa, an R package for mining comprehensive sequence features and integrating the associated data of MSA by a variety of display methods. To uncover sequence conservation patterns, variations and recombination at the site level, sequence bundles, sequence logos, stacked sequence alignment and comparative plots are implemented. ggmsa supports integrating the correlation of MSA sequences and their phenotypes, as well as other traits such as ancestral sequences, molecular structures, molecular functions and expression levels. We also design a new visualization method for genome alignments in multiple alignment format to explore the pattern of within and between species variation. Combining these visual representations with prime knowledge, ggmsa assists researchers in discovering MSA and making decisions. The ggmsa package is open-source software released under the Artistic-2.0 license, and it is freely available on Bioconductor (https://bioconductor.org/packages/ggmsa) and Github (https://github.com/YuLab-SMU/ggmsa).
Cardiovascular complications of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Mittal Nitish , Abohelwa Mostafa , Rahman M. Rubayat , Shurmur Scott 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune response characterized clinically by arterial or venous thrombosis. One of the rare and series forms of APS is the catastrophic APS (CAPS). The incidence of CAPS has been reported in 0.8% of patients with APS. There have been very few case reports with cardiac involvement in CAPS. Common cardiac manifestations include valvular thickening and lesions, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction due to microvascular thrombosis. Here, we are reporting a case of CAPS associated with heart failure and a literature review of similar cases.

Case summary
A 24-year-old woman with a history of APS presented with shortness of breath and right-sided pleuritic chest pain. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram revealed new pulmonary emboli in the right lung. After 5 days, she developed high-grade fever with negative infectious workup, acute hypoxic respiratory failure with pulmonary oedema, shock, acute kidney injury, and transthoracic echocardiography showed reduced ejection fraction and global hypokinesia. The constellation of multi-organ failure, symptoms within a week, the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, and exclusion of other causes, CAPS was diagnosed. The patient showed significant improvement with pulse steroids, IV plasmapheresis and got discharged on oral prednisone taper and anticoagulation with home health.

Conclusion
There are different cardiac complications associated with CAPS, including congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, valvular lesions, and thrombus. Heart failure management in CAPS includes triple therapy of intravenous immune globulin, IV plasmapheresis, and corticosteroids rather than conventional treatment.
Modifiable risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in China: a PURE substudy
Authors: Li Sidong , Liu Zhiguang , Joseph Philip , Hu Bo , Yin Lu , Tse Lap Ah , Rangarajan Sumathy , Wang Chuangshi , Wang Yang , Islam Shofiqul , Liu Weida , Lu Fanghong , Li Yindong , Hou Yan , Qiang Deren , Zhao Qian , Li Ning , Lei Rensheng , Chen Di , Han Aiying , Liu Guoqin , Zhang Peng , Zhi Yahong , Liu Chunmei , Yang Jinkui , Resalaiti Aobulikasimu , Ma Haibin , Ma Yuanting , Liu Yu , Xing Xiaojie , Xiang Quanyong , Liu Zhengrong , Sheng Yundong , Tang Jinghua , Liu Lisheng , Yusuf Salim , Li Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in China and in key subpopulations, and to estimate the population-level risks attributable to 12 common modifiable risk factors for each outcome.Methods and resultsIn this prospective cohort of 47 262 middle-aged participants from 115 urban and rural communities in 12 provinces of China, it was examined how CVD incidence and mortality rates varied by sex, by urban-rural area, and by region. In participants without prior CVD, population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for CVD and for death related to 12 common modifiable risk factors were assessed: four metabolic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, abdominal obesity, and lipids), four behavioural risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, diet quality, and physical activity), education, depression, grip strength, and household air pollution. The mean age of the cohort was 51.1 years. 58.2% were female, 49.2% were from urban areas, and 59.6% were from the eastern region of China. The median follow-up duration was 11.9 years. The CVD was the leading cause of death in China (36%). The rates of CVD and death were 8.35 and 5.33 per 1000 person-years, respectively, with higher rates in men compared with women and in rural compared with urban areas. Death rates were higher in the central and western regions of China compared with the eastern region. The modifiable risk factors studied collectively contributed to 59% of the PAF for CVD and 56% of the PAF for death in China. Metabolic risk factors accounted for the largest proportion of CVD (PAF of 41.7%), and hypertension was the most important risk factor (25.0%), followed by low education (10.2%), high non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (7.8%), and abdominal obesity (6.9%). The largest risk factors for death were hypertension (10.8%), low education (10.5%), poor diet (8.3%), tobacco use (7.5%), and household air pollution (6.1%).ConclusionBoth CVD and mortality are higher in men compared with women, and in rural compared with urban areas. Large reductions in CVD could potentially be achieved by controlling metabolic risk factors and improving education. Lowering mortality rates will require strategies addressing a broader range of risk factors.
The association of coagulation and hemostasis with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tilly MJ , Geurts S , Pezzullo AM , Bramer WM , Ikram MA , De Groot NMS , Kavousi M , De Maat MPM 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): - Erasmus MC MRace grant- The Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development (ZonMw)

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent cardiac tachyarrhythmia. Recent literature suggests that AF induces a prothrombotic state, ultimately leading to thrombotic events. It is also hypothesized that coagulation underlies AF development through coagulation.

Purpose
We aimed to assess the associations between selected coagulation factors with AF in both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, to give further insight on the interaction of coagulation and AF.

Methods
Through a systematic search of large databases, including Embase, Medline ALL, and Web of Science Core Collection, all longitudinal cohort studies and cross-sectional studies published before 25th of May, 2021 were reviewed. For longitudinal studies, pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through log-transformed HRs and 95% CIs using the generic inverse variance method. For cross-sectional studies the pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated through inverse variance weighting.

Results
16 longitudinal studies and 44 cross-sectional studies were included. In the longitudinal studies, using complex multivariable models, we found significant associations between fibrinogen (HR1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12), Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.12), and D-dimer (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19), with AF incidence. In cross-sectional studies, we found significant differences between AF patients and controls for fibrinogen (SMD 0.47), D-dimer (SMD 1.74), P-selectin (SMD 0.31), von Willebrand factor (SMD 0.96), PAI-1 (SMD 1.73), ß-thromboglobulin (SMD 0.82), and Platelet Factor 4 (SMD 0.42).

Conclusions
Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher levels of coagulation factors. These associations are most pronounced in cross-sectional analyses, but limited studies are available investigating a prothrombotic state underlying AF initiation. These results further support the hypothesis of "AF begets AF".
Atrial fibrillation progression and burden after the first clinical episode: a prospective observational study via implantable loop recorders
Authors: Papakonstantinou P , Chlouverakis G , Kochiadakis E , Simantirakis E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Medtronic Inc

Background
The progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) after the first clinical AF episode is not well known. AF burden is of clinical significance as it may have clinical implications concerning the long-term management of the arrhythmia and the decision-making on AF patients. Continuous rhythm monitoring via implantable loop recorders (ILRs) can precisely evaluate the AF recurrence profile.

Purpose
To observe the AF progression and AF burden in patients after their first clinical AF episode.

Methods
Thirty consecutive patients (age 66.9 ± 10 years; 14 men) received an ILR after their first clinical AF episode. We recorded the AF recurrences and burden during a follow-up period of three years. We excluded patients with persistent or permanent AF and patients with an episode of AF attributed to reversible or transient causes.

Results
Three patients (10%) had no AF recurrence, whereas 4 patients (13.3%) presented only one episode. Almost half of the patients (46.7%) had a low recurrence rate (&lt;5 episodes/year), whereas the majority of patients (19/30) suffered from episodes with maximum duration ≤24 hours. Eleven patients (36.7%) presented either no episode or a low recurrence rate with episodes lasting ≤24 hours. In 16 patients (53.3%) the AF burden was increased during the second year of follow-up period while in 9 patients (30%) the AF burden was decreased. During the third year of follow-up period the AF burden was increased in 19 patients (63.3%), decreased in 7 patients (23.3%) and remained almost the same in 4 patients (13.3%). Five patients (16.6%) presented at least one episode of persistent AF during the follow-up period. Seven patients (23.3%) suffered only from symptomatic AF episodes, while in nine patients (30%) only asymptomatic AF episodes were recorded. Eleven patients (36.7%) had both types of AF episodes (symptomatic and asymptomatic).

Conclusions
The AF recurrences and burden increased in most AF patients. However, a significant percentage of patients either suffer no AF recurrence after their first symptomatic episode or show a low recurrence rate. Most patients present episodes of short duration. Paroxysmal AF clinical profile differed significantly among the patients. If these findings are confirmed in larger studies, they could have clinical implications ensuring individualized management of the arrhythmia in the future in newly diagnosed AF patients.