bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Characteristics of Rock Sample during Penetration Tests with the Assistance of Different Free Surface Combinations
Authors: Xu Futong , Lu Jingjing , Zhou Hui , Xiao Jiancheng , Gao Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Free surface-assisted TBM disc cutter for rock breaking is an important direction for the optimizing of TBM cutter structure. To study the influence of free surface on TBM excavation, the free surfaces of limited-width opening and unlimited-width opening were presented, and six different free surface combinations were proposed. The penetration tests of sandstone with different free surface combinations were carried out. The results showed that the rock mass adjacent to the free surface of unlimited-width opening fell off after sample fracture. The rock mass adjacent to the free surface of limited-width opening caused the free surface to close after the rock broke. Under different free surface combinations, the auxiliary effect for rock breaking was not obvious when the free surface depth was shallow, and the failure morphology of the sample changed from vertical splitting to inclined fracture with the increase of free surface depth. The free surface-assisted rock-breaking method can reduce energy consumption during rock breaking. Among all combinations, the cumulative energy before peak load of the SDL sample dropped the most to 37.62% of the intact sample. Finally, the free surface combinations can affect the design of the cutter layout of TBM.
New Robust Model to Evaluate the Total Organic Carbon Using Artificial Neural Networks and Spectral Gamma-Ray
Authors: Siddig Osama , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Total organic carbon (TOC) is the amount of carbon present in the formation, which is an important criterion for assessing unconventional shale resources. Current TOC determination methods rely on time-consuming laboratory tests or empirical correlations created on the basis of assumptions that limit their application. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), a new robust model for TOC estimate based on traditional well logs was constructed in this study.
In this study, 891 TOC data points at different depths and their corresponding well logs of deep resistivity, gamma ray, sonic transit time, and bulk density and spectral logs collected to train the model, and then tested on 291 different data points. The ANN model was optimized for the different design parameters using inserted for loops in Matlab. The optimized model was then validated in another unseen 82 data points.
The average absolute percentage error (AAPE) and correlation coefficient (R) between the measured and the ANN-based TOC were used to evaluate the models. With R values higher than 0.93 and AAPE values less than 14%, the new model produced an outstanding agreement with the real TOC values. The model surpassed the available empirical correlations in the validation dataset, resulting in lower than 10% AAPE, compared to more than 20% AAPE in other models. As a result of these findings, all of the correlation's parameters are reported, allowing it to be used to a variety of datasets. The novelty of this new research is the simplicity and high accuracy of the developed model on estimating the TOC based on available well log data.
Surface roughness prediction for turning based on the corrected subsection theoretical model
Authors: Lu Juan , Wang Xin , Chen Shaoxin , Liao Xiaoping , Chen Kai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to obtain the accurate prediction model of surface roughness in precision machining processes, this paper researches the subsection theoretical model for surface roughness in turning built by our research group, which considers feed rate, nose radius and tool minor cutting edge angle, and proposes two error correction models of the subsection theoretical model for improving theoretical model accuracy. The prediction performance of two error correction models is evaluated by 25 groups of turning data. The experimental results show that two error correction models have excellent prediction performance and significantly improve the prediction accuracy and stability of the subsection theoretical model. Moreover, the influence of turning parameters and tool geometry on surface roughness based on the three models, and the advantages and disadvantages of three models in prediction performance and test cost are analyzed, which provide an effective guidance for selection of parameters and the prediction model of surface roughness in the actual turning.
Performance of dexterous object manipulation is enhanced by grasp force modulation
Authors: Wu Yen-Hsun , Santello Marco 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dexterous manipulation relies on the ability to attain two goals: controlling object position and orientation (pose) and preventing object slip. Although manipulation has been extensively studied, previous work focused on the control of digit forces for slip prevention. Therefore, how digit forces are coordinated to simultaneously prevent slip and control pose remains unknown. We developed a task requiring subjects to lift an object at different grip configurations while preventing it from tilting. We then mathematically decomposed digit forces into manipulation and grasp forces for pose control and slip prevention, respectively. We found that exertion of seemingly excessive grasp force was instrumental in enhancing manipulation performance. This novel phenomenon was more pronounced at the onset of lift than during hold, underscoring anticipatory mechanisms of pose control before feedback is acquired following object lift. Our approach and findings open new research avenues for investigating neural mechanisms underlying dexterous manipulation and clinical applications.
Safety and benefits of major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection in older perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Maeda Koki , Kuriyama Naohisa , Ito Takahiro , Gyoten Kazuyuki , Hayasaki Aoi , Fujii Takehiro , Iizawa Yusuke , Murata Yasuhiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kishiwada Masashi , Mizuno Shugo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the safety and benefits of major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection in older perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients and to identify possible predictors of surgical mortality.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 102 consecutive patients who underwent major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in our institution between 2004 and 2021. The patients were included and divided into two groups: older patients ≥75 years, and non-older patients <75 years. Patient characteristics, preoperative nutritional and operative risk scores, intraoperative details, postoperative outcomes, and long-term prognosis were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the predictors of 90-day mortality after major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection.Results: Significant differences were identified for some preoperative surgical risk scores, but not for nutritional scores. Older patients had a higher morbidity rate of respiratory complications (p=0.016), but there were no significant differences in overall (p=0.735) or disease-specific survival (p=0.858). A high Dasari’s score was identified as an independent predictive factor of 90-day mortality.Conclusions: The safety and benefits of major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection were comparable for older and non-older patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Dasari’s preoperative risk score may be a good predictor of 90-day mortality.
Exploring Knowledge of Parents about Cancer Symptoms in Children: An Observational Study Regarding the Need for Education Tools and Health Promotion in Low- and Middle- Income Countries
Authors: Uribe-Ortiz Leslie V. , Garza-Ornelas Bárbara M. , Vázquez-Fernández Ana C. , Castorena-Torres Fabiola , Rodríguez-De-Ita Julieta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Although most cases of childhood cancer are unlikely to be prevented, by today's standards most children with cancer can now be cured. Yet, disparities about survival exist among countries; in Mexico, the overall survival is 49.6%, with 70% of childhood cancers diagnosed at advanced stages. It is essential that parents and caregivers have optimal knowledge of early signs and symptoms of childhood malignancies, as these are largely non-specific. The objective of this study was to explore the current knowledge of childhood cancer among a population of parents and caregivers in Mexico and identify the need for education and health promotion that low- and middle-income countries have.Methods: An online survey of 112 parents and caregivers was conducted to assess their knowledge of childhood cancer, focusing on signs and symptoms and early diagnostic strategies.Results: Sixty-nine (61.6%) mothers, 23 (20.5%) fathers, 17 (15.2%) familiar caregivers, and 3 (2.7%) non-familiar caregivers responded. Forty-six (41.1%) said they know a child diagnosed with cancer, 92.9% mentioned leukemia as the most common type of cancer in children, the most highly ranked option when asked which sign/symptom they considered as a warning for suspicion was swelling/lump in any part of the body, 97.3% considered that an early diagnosis is related to a higher cure rate, and 92.9% expressed the desire to receive reliable information about childhood cancer.Conclusions: While parents and caregivers have some knowledge of childhood cancer, there are concepts that still need to be reinforced to improve their understanding of this group of diseases, as they are the frontline for children to seek medical attention. In the future, the use of tools that help in the education of a greater number of caregivers will strengthen knowledge and contribution regarding this issue, as well as promoting the generation of public policies that support the early diagnosis of childhood cancer.
Fur glowing under ultraviolet: in situ analysis of porphyrin accumulation in the skin appendages of mammals
Authors: Toussaint Séverine , Ponstein Jasper , Thoury Mathieu , Métivier Rémi , Kalthoff Daniela , Habermeyer Benoît , Guilard Roger , Bock Steffen , Mortensen Peter , Sandberg Sverre , Gueriau Pierre , Amson Eli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Examples of photoluminescence (PL) are being reported with increasing frequency in a wide range of organisms from diverse ecosystems. However, the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly defined, and our understanding of its potential ecological function is still superficial. Amongst mammals, recent analyses have identified free-base porphyrins as the compounds responsible for the reddish ultraviolet-induced photoluminescence (UV-PL) observed in the pelage of springhares and hedgehogs. However, the localization of the pigments within the hair largely remains to be determined. Here we use photoluminescence multispectral imaging emission and excitation spectroscopy to detect, map and characterize porphyrinic compounds in skin appendages in situ. We also document new cases of mammalian UV-PL caused by free-base porphyrins in distantly related species. Spatial distribution of the UV-PL is strongly suggestive of an endogenous origin of the porphyrinic compounds. We argue that reddish UV-PL is predominantly observed in crepuscular and nocturnal mammals because porphyrins are photodegradable. Consequently, this phenomenon may not have a specific function in intra- or interspecific communication but rather represents a byproduct of potentially widespread physiological processes.Co-first authors: Séverine Toussaint and Jasper Ponstein
In Silico and In Vitro Screening of Novel Pyridazine Analogs as Muscle
Relaxant Agent on Acetylcholine Muscarinic Receptor
Authors: Malik Aamir , Mishra Rakhi , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Garg Ketki 
Published: April 2022

Background::
Among Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pyridazine derivatives
serve as a necessary scaffold as they possess various pharmacological activities. Thus, in recent times, the
design of novel synthetic schemes and the selection of a new target for the action of pyridazine derivatives
have attracted the attention of researchers.

Objective::
This study has focused on synthesizing and evaluating the muscle relaxant activity of pyridazine
analogs by in-silico screening and rotarod test.

Methods:
In the present work, pyridazine derivatives were synthesized from substituted pyridine and
maleic anhydride yielding intermediates (1a-5a), which on reaction with hydrazine, yielded final pyridazine
derivatives (1b-5b). They were then screened for muscle relaxant action by an in-silico docking
study against muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with protein data bank ID: 5CXV with the use of Autodock
4.2 and Biovia discovery studio tools. Compounds were further tested for muscle relaxant activity
by the rotarod test.

Results:
Synthesis of the designed compounds was carried out successfully. Obtained result showed that
the final compounds (1b-5b) showed 1-3 interactions with acetylcholine muscarinic receptor with -7.2 to
-7.9 Kcal/mole affinities. The findings were compared to the typical drug diazepam, which has one interaction
with the target and binding energy of -7.7 Kcal/mole. Moreover, the result of the rotarod test
showed that substitution by electron-withdrawing groups causes more muscle relaxant activity when
compared with the electron releasing groups.

Conclusion::
The results of the experimental study showed that pyridazine derivatives could serve as a
promising template for the further design and development of muscle relaxant agents.
In silico Exploration of Dakshina Kannada Medicinal Plants as Anti-
SARS-CoV-2 Agents by Molecular Docking and Simulation Approaches
Authors: James Jainey P. , Jyothi Divya , Devaraji Vinod , Priya Sneh 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
The rich ethnomedicinal practices of Dakshina Kannada have received considerable
attention, and many treatment methods have been documented. This work aimed to explore the traditional
medicinal plants originating from Dakshina Kannada for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by employing in
silico methodologies.

Methods:
Virtual screening of Dakshina Kannada's plants was conducted, which are known for their antiviral
activities. Potent plants were shortlisted as Tinospora cordifolia, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Bacopa
monnieri, Bombax ceiba, and Curcuma longa based on molecular docking scores. Among these, the active
plant Tinospora cordifolia possessed the most potent phytochemicals. Molecular dynamics (MD)
simulation and MM/GBSA calculations have been performed on cordifolioside A, syringin, and cordioside.

Results:
Initially, the selected plants were docked into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 protein. MD simulations
were performed to investigate the various conformations and validate the docking results, revealing
that cordifolioside A and syringin were more stable than cordioside. The stability of the phytoconstituents
in complex with SARS-CoV-2 protein was steady throughout the 100 ns simulation time. Finally,
the binding free energies were calculated using the MM/GBSA method. The pharmacophore model has
confirmed the hydrogen bond interactions, and PASS prediction determined their antiviral activities.

Conclusion:
Thus, the present study identified the most potent plant from Dakshina Kannada against the
SARS-CoV-2 virus as Tinospora cordifolia with powerful phytochemicals (cordifolioside A, syringin and
cordioside). Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to provide experimental data to
develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
An Insight into Osmotic Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Piplani Mona , Bhateja Pankaj , Asija Rajesh , Singh Yogendra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The dosing pattern of the conventional drug delivery system results in continuously changing
and unpredictable plasma concentrations as this system has modest control on the release of the drug
along with almost negligible effectual concentration near the site of interest. The problems coupled with
conventional drug delivery can be triumphed over by employing osmotic drug delivery systems, which
are one of the most budding strategies utilizing osmotic pressure to release active pharmaceutical ingredients
in an optimized manner at a controlled rate. Various formulation parameters which influence the
release of drugs from these systems include osmotic pressure wielded by the core components, the drug’s
solubility, and the size of the delivery orifice in conjunction with the characteristics of the semipermeable
membrane. However, it is completely autonomous of the gastrointestinal tract’s anatomical environment
and concomitant meal ingestion. The aim of this manuscript is to study the earlier osmotic pumps, their
working principles, along with their limitations, and novel approaches having significant benefits over
older ones. The current manuscript covers all the aspects of the osmotic drug delivery system, including
its principle of osmosis, the historical background, its advantages and disadvantages, basic components,
various factors influencing its design, its various types, and evaluation parameters. Novel approaches to
osmotic drug delivery systems along with future prospective have also been described.
Research on the Influence of High-Low Pressure-Volume Ratio and Discharge Pressure on the Heating Performance of Transcritical CO2 Single-
Machine Two-Stage Compression Heat Pump Water Heater
Authors: Yang Wenting , Liu Yefeng , Hu Jiwei , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Hua 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In order to reduce global carbon emissions, a cross-critical CO2 singlemachine
two-stage compression system was proposed. Due to the characteristics of cooling on the
high-pressure side of the cross-critical cycle and bipolar compression on the single-stage, the discharge
pressure and the high-low pressure volume ratio have a great influence on its heating performance.

Objective:
The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of high-low pressure-volume ratio and
discharge pressure on the heating performance of the system, so as to obtain the optimal operating
conditions of the system.

Methods:
By constructing theoretical calculation formula of discharge pressure, high-low pressurevolume
ratio and intermediate pressure, combined with experiments.

Results:
Under certain working conditions, with the increase of the volume ratio of high-low pressure,
the intermediate pressure increases, the heating capacity of the system increases due to the increase of
the discharge temperature and the increase of the heat exchange temperature difference on the hot water
side, while the heating performance coefficient decreases slowly because the rate of the increase of
the power consumption of the compressor is greater than the rate of the increase of heating capacity.
With the increase of discharge pressure, the increasing rate of CO2 discharge temperature will gradually
decrease at the high-pressure side, so the heating capacity of the system increases rapidly first and
then tends to slow down, and the heating performance coefficient increases first and then decreases.
There is an optimal value, that is, when the evaporation temperature is -20 °C, the maximum heating
capacity can reach 3 kW. The system heat production performance coefficient has an optimal value of
3.29, and the optimal discharge pressure is 8.5 MPa. The optimal discharge pressure will increase with
the increase of evaporation temperature.

Conclusion:
The selection of reasonable high-low pressure volume ratio and the control of discharge
pressure can effectively improve the heating performance of cross-critical CO2 single-machine twostage
compression heat pump water heater.
Trauma and Recovery: A Psychoanalytic Study of Gharbi Mustafa's When Mountains Weep
Authors: Mohammed Araz Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

This study investigates traumatic experiences of the main character in Gharbi M. Mustafa’s novel When Mountains Weep, based on Judith Herman’s conceptualization of trauma in her book Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. Being on the road, Kurds are either internally displaced, migrating, or oppressed and assimilated politically. The prevention of language, confiscation of land, forced assimilation, and constant armed conflicts have made Kurds develop a traumatic cognitive and emotional response to the meaning of life, anguish, integration, and survival. Therefore, the paper studies the traumatic consequences on the main characters’ psyches, in particular Hamko, based on three symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder which are hyperarousal, intrusion, and constriction. Threatened by tumultuous circumstances and trapped on mountain peaks, the paper argues that generations of Kurds have lost sense of childhood and innocence growing up either as refugees or living in their own landlocked mountains.
The Role of Online Support Groups in Helping Individuals Affected by HIV and AIDS: Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Coulson Neil S , Buchanan Heather 
Published: April 2022

Background
Online support groups provide opportunities for individuals affected by HIV and AIDS to seek information, advice, and support from peers. However, whether and how engagement with online support groups helps individuals affected by HIV and AIDS remains unclear, as does the nature of the evidence on this topic.

Objective
This scoping review sought to explore whether engagement with HIV and AIDS–related online support groups benefits members in terms of psychosocial well-being and illness management, whether members experienced any negative aspects of these groups, and what types of social support are exchanged within HIV and AIDS–related online support groups.

Methods
A scoping review of English-language articles (including both qualitative and quantitative studies) was undertaken using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The databases searched included MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL (Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials), and Scopus. Key findings were synthesized using a narrative and thematic approach.

Results
A total of 22 papers met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 3332 abstracts. These papers included 23% (5/22) quantitative studies, 9% (2/22) mixed methods studies, and 68% (15/22) qualitative studies published between 2007 and 2019. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that engagement with HIV and AIDS–related online support groups is empowering for members and may lead to a range of psychosocial benefits. Furthermore, qualitative evidence suggests that these groups provide an opportunity to connect with similar people and share experiences. This can help improve self-worth, reduce stigma, facilitate improved illness management, and gain greater confidence when interacting with health professionals. However, online support groups are not without their limitations as qualitative evidence suggests that users may encounter examples of interpersonal conflict between members as well as be exposed to challenging content. Finally, HIV and AIDS–related online support groups are avenues through which individuals can solicit support, most commonly informational or emotional.

Conclusions
HIV and AIDS–related online support groups may have some benefits for members, particularly in terms of providing social support. There is a need for a systematic review of this literature that includes an assessment of the methodological quality of the available evidence.