bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification Mechanism of Phenol-formaldehyde Resin with Crude Bio-oil by Model Compound Method
Authors: Yu Yuxiang , Qiu Xiaoqian , Li Chao , Chang Jianmin , Bao Defu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo clarify the modification mechanism of bio-oil for phenol-formaldehyde resin with crude bio-oil (BPF), the bio-oil compounds were simplified by model compound method according to the component distribution. The phenol-formaldehyde resin with bio-oil model compounds (BMPF) were prepared and their basic performance, bonding strength and aging characteristics were determined. The changes on the microstructure and chemical bonds of BMPF were also analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Results showed that the components of bio-oil had different influence on the performance and microstructure of BMPF, especially phenols. Structural analysis indicated that the phenols and ketones of bio-oil had positive effects on the synthesis of BMPF, while the aldehydes and acids had negative effects. But all components of bio-oil could improve the aging resistance of BMPF inordinately. These results could provide a basis for the modification of BPF.
Autoimmunity in Satoyoshi Disease: a Systematic Review
Authors: Montanaro Vinícius Viana Abreu , Solís-García del Pozo Julián , Falcão Hora Thiago , León Beatriz Helena , de Cabo Carlos , Solera Javier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSatoyoshi syndrome (SS) is a rare multisystem disease. Although its cause is unknown, an autoimmune etiology has been postulated. In this paper we carried out a systematic review of all published cases of SS to evaluate the available evidence to support that autoimmune hypothesis.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review of the published cases of SS following the recommendations of the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews. We searched for SS cases in PubMed, the Web of Knowledge (WOS) and Scopus up to January 2022, using keywords “Satoyoshi syndrome” or “Komuragaeri disease”. Data on symptoms, associated autoimmune diseases, presence of autoantibodies and response to treatment were collected.Results77 patients from 57 articles published between 1967 and 2021 were included. 59 patients were women. The mean age at diagnosis was 21.2 years. All cases had painful muscular spasms and alopecia. Other frequent manifestations included: diarrhea, malabsorption, growth retardation, amenorrhea and bone deformity. SS was associated with other autoimmune diseases: myasthenia gravis (2 patients), autoimmune thyroiditis (one patient), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (one patient), atopic dermatitis (one patient), bronchial asthma (one patient) and lupus erythematosus (one patient). Autoantibody determinations were performed in 39 patients, of which 27 had positive results. The most frequently detected autoantibodies were antinuclear antibodies (21 patients). Other less frequently found auto-antibodies were: anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies (7 patients), anti-DNA antibodies (5 patients), antithyroid antibodies (3 patients), anti-GAD (2 patients) and anti-gliadin antibodies (2 patients). Pharmacological treatment was reported in 50 patients. Most of them improved with corticosteroids (33 patients), immunosuppressants (9 patients) and immunoglobulins (10 patients), or a combination of these medications.ConclusionsSS is associated with other autoimmune diseases and a variety of autoantibodies. Improvement after corticosteroid or other immunosupressant treatment was observed in 90% of cases. These data support an autoimmune etiology for SS. More studies are necessary, including the systematic determination of autoantibodies in all patients with SS to help us advance in our understanding of this disease.
CEP peptide and cytokinin pathways converge on CEPD glutaredoxins to inhibit root growth
Authors: Taleski Michael , Chapman Kelly , Novák Ondřej , Schmülling Thomas , Frank Manuel , Djordjevic Michael A 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTC-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) and cytokinin hormones act over short and long distances to control plant responses to environmental cues. CEP and cytokinin pathway mutants share phenotypes, however, it is not known if these pathways intersect. We show that CEP and cytokinin signalling converge on CEP DOWNSTREAM (CEPD) glutaredoxins to inhibit primary root growth. CEP inhibition of root growth was impaired in mutants defective in trans-zeatin (tZ)-type cytokinin biosynthesis, transport, perception, and output. Concordantly, mutants affected in CEP RECEPTOR 1 showed reduced root growth inhibition in response to tZ, and altered levels of tZ-type cytokinins. Grafting and organ-specific hormone treatments showed that tZ-mediated root growth inhibition required CEPD activity in roots. By contrast, root growth inhibition by CEP depended on shoot CEPD function. The results demonstrate that CEP and cytokinin pathways intersect, and utilise signalling circuits in separate organs involving common glutaredoxin genes to coordinate root growth.
Childhood cancer mutagenesis caused by a domesticated DNA transposase
Authors: Keller Ross , Yamada Makiko , Cameron Daniel , Suzuki Hiromichi , Sanghrajka Reeti , Vaynshteyn Jake , Gerwin Jeffrey , Maura Francesco , Hooper William , Shah Minita , Robine Nicolas , Demarest Philip , Bayin N. Sumru , Jubierre Luz , Reed Casie , Taylor Michael D. , Joyner Alexandra L. , Raju G. Praveen , Kentsis Alex 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenomic rearrangements are a hallmark of most solid tumors, including medulloblastoma, one of the most common brain tumors in children. Childhood cancers involve dysregulated cell development, but their mutational causes remain largely unknown. One of the most common forms of medulloblastoma is caused by ectopic activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling in cerebellar granule cell progenitors, associated with genetic deletions, amplifications, and other oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements. Here, we show thatPiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 5 (Pgbd5)promotes tumor development in multiple developmentally-accurate mouse models of SHH medulloblastoma. Most mice withPgbd5deficiency do not develop tumors, whilePgbd5-deficient mice maintain largely normal cerebellar development. Mouse medulloblastomas expressingPgbd5exhibit significantly increased numbers of somatic structural DNA rearrangements, with PGBD5-specific transposon sequences at their breakpoints. Similar sequence breakpoints recurrently affect somatic DNA rearrangements of known tumor suppressors and oncogenes in medulloblastomas in 329 children. Therefore, this study identifies PGBD5 as a primary medulloblastoma mutator and provides a genetic mechanism responsible for the generation of somatic oncogenic DNA rearrangements in childhood cancer.One-Sentence SummaryInduction of somatic oncogenic mutations by the DNA transposase PGBD5 in cerebellar progenitor cells promotes medulloblastoma development.
Licensing Microgels Prolong the Immunomodulatory Phenotype of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Patrick Matthew , Annamalai Ramkumar T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are sensors of inflammation, and they exert immunomodulatory properties through the secretion of cytokines and exosomes and direct cell-cell interactions. MSC are routinely used in clinical trials and effectively resolve inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, inconsistent clinical outcomes necessitate the need for more robust therapeutic phenotypes. The immunomodulatory properties of MSC can be enhanced and protracted by priming (aka licensing) them with IFNγ and TNFα. Yet these enhanced properties rapidly diminish, and prolonged stimulation could tolerize their response. Hence a balanced approach is needed to enhance the therapeutic potential of the MSC for consistent clinical performance. Here, we investigated the concentration-dependent effects of IFNγ and TNFα and developed gelatin-based microgels to sustain a licensed MSC phenotype. We show that IFNγ treatment is more beneficial than TNFα in promoting an immunomodulatory MSC phenotype. We also show that the microgels possess integrin-binding sites to support MSC attachment and a net positive charge to sequester the licensing cytokines electrostatically. Microgels are enzymatically degradable, and the rate is dependent on the enzyme concentration and matrix density. Our studies show that one milligram of microgels by dry mass can sequester up to 641 ± 81 ng of IFNγ. Upon enzymatic degradation, microgels exhibited a sustained release of IFNγ that linearly correlated with their degradation rate. The MSC cultured on the IFNγ sequestered microgels displayed efficient licensing potential comparable to or exceeding the effects of bolus IFNγ treatment. When cultured with proinflammatory M1-like macrophages, the MSC-seeded on licensing microgel showed an enhanced immunomodulatory potential compared to untreated MSC and MSC treated with bolus IFNγ treatment. Specifically, the MSC seeded on licensing microgels significantly upregulated Arg1, Mrc1, and Igf1, and downregulated Tnfa in M1-like macrophages compared to other treatment conditions. These licensing microgels are a potent immunomodulatory approach that shows substantial promise in elevating the efficacy of current MSC therapies and may find utility in treating chronic inflammatory conditions.
dach-1, a cytochrome P450 gene, regulates synaptic and developmental plasticity during the diapause ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Son Sangwon , Choi Myung-Kyu , Lim Daisy S. , Shim Jaegal , Lee Junho 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnimals exhibit phenotypic plasticity through the interaction of genes with the environment, and little is known about the genetic factors that change synaptic function at different developmental stages. Here, we investigated the genetic determinants of how developmental stages alter synaptic transmission using the free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. C. elegansenters the stress-resistant dauer larval stage under harsh conditions. Although dauer is known to have reduced permeability and increased resistance to most known exogenous chemicals, we discovered that dauer is hypersensitive to a cholinesterase inhibitor, aldicarb. To investigate genes regulating dauer-specific acetylcholine transduction, we first screened for aldicarb-resistant mutations in dauer and then performed a secondary screen to rule out aldicarb-resistant mutations that also affect adults. We isolated two different mutations of a single gene calledcyp-34A4ordach-1encoding a cytochrome P450. In the non-dauer stages,dach-1is mainly expressed in the intestine, but its expression is robustly increased in the epidermis of dauers. By tissue-specific rescue experiments, we found thatdach-1modulates aldicarb sensitivity in a cell non-autonomous manner. In addition,dach-1plays pleiotropic functions in dauers by regulating quiescence and surviving heat shock and hyperosmolar stress. Our study reveals novel functions of the cytochrome P450 in synaptic and physiological changes during developmental plasticity.
Ordered deployment of distinct ciliary beating machines in growing axonemes of vertebrate multiciliated cells
Authors: Lee Chanjae , Ma Yun , Tu Fan , Wallingford John B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe beating of motile cilia requires to coordinated action of diverse machineries that include not only the axonemal dynein arms, but also the central apparatus, the radial spokes, and the microtubule inner proteins. These machines exhibit complex radial and proximodistal patterns in mature axonemes, but little is known about the interplay between them during motile ciliogenesis. Here, we describe and quantify the relative rates of axonemal deployment for these diverse cilia beating machineries during the final stages of differentiation of Xenopus epidermal multiciliated cells.
Post-vaccination Omicron infections induce broader immunity across antigenic space than prototype mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination or primary infection
Authors: Wang Wei , Lusvarghi Sabrina , Subramanian Rahul , Epsi Nusrat J. , Wang Richard , Goguet Emilie , Fries Anthony C , Echegaray Fernando , Vassell Russell , Coggins Si’Ana , Richard Stephanie A. , Lindholm David A. , Mende Katrin , Ewers Evan , Larson Derek , Colombo Rhonda E. , Colombo Christopher , Joseph Janet O. , Rozman Julia , Smith Alfred , Lalani Tahaniyat , Berjohn Catherine , Maves Ryan , Jones Milissa , Mody Rupal , Huprikar Nikhil , Livezey Jeffrey , Saunders David , Hollis-Perry Monique , Wang Gregory , Ganesan Anuradha , Simons Mark P. , Broder Christopher C. , Tribble David , Laing Eric D. , Agan Brian , Burgess Timothy H. , Mitre Edward , Pollett Simon D. , Katzelnick Leah C. , Weiss Carol D. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe rapid emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we measured antigenic diversity among variants and interpreted neutralizing antibody responses following single and multiple exposures in longitudinal infection and vaccine cohorts. Antigenic cartography using primary infection antisera showed that BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and closer to the Beta cluster. Three doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine increased breadth to BA.1 more than to BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. Omicron BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited antibody landscapes characterized by broader immunity across antigenic space than three doses alone, although with less breadth than expected to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with Omicron BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralizing titer magnitude and antigenic breadth. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants of concern when interpreting neutralizing antibody titers aids understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity and informs selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.
SpliceWiz: easy, optimized, and accurate alternative splicing analysis in R
Authors: Wong Alex CH , Wong Justin J-L , Rasko John EJ , Schmitz Ulf 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTDespite an abundance of publicly available RNA sequencing datasets, a lack of integrated user-friendly tools hinder exploration of alternative splicing. SpliceWiz is an innovative, ultra-fast graphical R application that accurately quantifies splicing events using isoform-specific alignments. It is designed to accommodate hundreds of samples typically seen in clinical datasets. Novel event filters remove low-confidence measurements from analysis, enhancing accuracy over existing methods. Group-averaged strand-specific sequencing coverage plots enable clear visualization of group differences in alternative splicing, using a new file format with demonstrable performance improvements over the current BigWig standard. ompBAM, a C++ library upon which SpliceWiz is built, automates multi-threaded alignment file processing for R package developers. SpliceWiz is a powerful platform for diverse users to explore alternative splicing in large datasets.
Learning efficient representations of environmental priors in working memory
Authors: Eissa Tahra L , Kilpatrick Zachary P 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExperience shapes our expectations and helps us learn the structure of the environment. Inference models render such learning as a gradual refinement of the observer’s estimate of the environmental prior. For instance, when retaining an estimate of an object’s features in working memory, learned priors may bias the estimate in the direction of common feature values. Humans display such biases when retaining color estimates on short time intervals. We propose that these systematic biases emerge from modulation of synaptic connectivity in a neural circuit based on the experienced stimulus history, shaping the persistent and collective neural activity that encodes the stimulus estimate. Resulting neural activity attractors are aligned to common stimulus values. Using recently published human response data from a delayed-estimation task in which stimuli (colors) were drawn from a heterogeneous distribution that did not necessarily correspond with reported population biases, we confirm that most subjects’ response distributions are better described by experience-dependent learning models than by models with no learned biases. This work suggests that systematic limitations in working memory reflect efficient representations of inferred environmental structure, providing new insights into how humans integrate environmental knowledge into their cognitive strategies.
Microplastic pollution in aquatic environments may facilitate misfeeding by fish
Authors: Yagi Mitsuharu , Ono Yurika , Kawaguchi Toshiya 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTNumerous recent studies have documented ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by many aquatic animals, yet an explanation for misfeeding by fish remains unexplained. Here we tested the hypothesis that biofilm (biofouling) on MP surfaces due to exposure in the aquatic environment facilitates misfeeding in fish. Spherical polystyrene (PS) was cultured for 0 to 22 weeks in a freshwater environment to grow biofilm on the MP. Goldfish were employed in a simple feeding experiment with and without provision of genuine food at ecologically relevant MP concentrations. The absorbance (ABS), which is a proxy for biofilm formation increased exponentially within three weeks of initiation and reached a plateau after approximately five weeks. Although fish did not swallow the MPs, “capture” occurred when food pellets were in the vicinity and significantly increased in probability with exposure time. Duration of capture also increased significantly with increasing exposure. These results suggest that the drift of MPs in aquatic environments may facilitate fish misidentification of MPs as edible prey.
Phage genome cleavage enables resuscitation from Cas13-induced bacterial dormancy
Authors: Williams Madison C , Reker Alexandra E , Margolis Shally R , Liao Jingqiu , Wiedmann Martin , Rojas Enrique R. , Meeske Alexander J 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTCRISPR-Cas systems provide their prokaryotic hosts with sequence-specific immunity to foreign genetic elements, including bacteriophages and plasmids. While most interfere with phage infection though cleavage of viral DNA, type VI CRISPR systems use the RNA-guided nuclease Cas13 to recognize mRNA targets. Upon engaging with target RNA, Cas13 cleaves both phage and host transcripts nonspecifically, leading to a state of cell dormancy that is incompatible with phage propagation. However, whether and how infected cells recover from dormancy is not clear. Here we show that type VI CRISPR systems frequently co-occur with DNA-cleaving restriction modification (RM) systems. Using genetics and microscopy, we show that Cas13 and RM systems synergize in anti-phage defense in the natural type VI CRISPR host Listeria seeligeri. Cleavage of the phage genome by RM removes the source of phage transcripts, enabling cells to recover from Cas13-induced cellular dormancy. We find that Cas13 and RM systems operating simultaneously eliminate phage DNA and neutralize infection more effectively than either defense alone. Thus, cells harboring both defense systems exhibit robust anti-phage immunity and survive infection. Our work therefore reveals that type VI CRISPR immunity is cell-autonomous and non-abortive, if paired with RM or similar DNA-targeting defenses. The ability of an abortive response to be resolved by the actions of another anti-phage defense has implications for the roles of diverse host-directed immune systems in bacteria.
Internal selective attention is delayed by competition between endogenous and exogenous factors
Authors: Ester Edward F. , Nouri Asal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExternal selective attention is mediated by competition between endogenous (goal-driven) and exogenous (stimulus-driven) factors, with the balance of competition determining which stimuli are selected. Occasionally, exogenous factors “win” this competition and drive the selection of task-irrelevant stimuli. Endogenous and exogenous selection mechanisms may also compete to control the selection of internal representations (e.g., those stored in working memory), but how this competition manifests and whether it is resolved in the same way as external attention is unknown. Here, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of human EEG to determine how competition between endogenous and exogenous factors influences the selection of internal representations. Unlike external attention, competition between endogenous and exogenous factors did not prompt the selection of task-irrelevant working memory content. Instead, it simply delayed the endogenous selection of task-relevant working memory content by several hundred milliseconds. Thus, competition between endogenous and exogenous factors influences internal selective attention, but in a different way than external selective attention.
Effects of Face Repetition on Ventral Visual Stream Connectivity using Dynamic Causal Modelling of fMRI data
Authors: Lee Sung-Mu , Tibon Roni , Zeidman Peter , Yadav Pranay S. , Henson Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStimulus repetition normally causes reduced neural activity in brain regions that process that stimulus. Some theories claim that this “repetition suppression” reflects local mechanisms such as neuronal fatigue or sharpening within a region, whereas other theories claim that it results from changed connectivity between regions, following changes in synchrony or top-down predictions. In this study, we applied dynamic causal modelling (DCM) on a public fMRI dataset involving repeated presentations of faces and scrambled faces to test whether repetition affected local (self-connections) and/or between-region connectivity in left and right early visual cortex (EVC), occipital face area (OFA) and fusiform face area (FFA). Face “perception” (faces versus scrambled faces) modulated nearly all connections, within and between regions, including direct connections from EVC to FFA, supporting a non-hierarchical view of face processing. Face “recognition” (familiar versus unfamiliar faces) modulated connections between EVC and OFA/FFA, particularly in the left hemisphere. Most importantly, immediate and delayed repetition of stimuli were also best captured by modulations of connections between EVC and OFA/FFA, but not self-connections of OFA/FFA, consistent with synchronization or predictive coding theories.
Knockout of AMD-associated gene POLDIP2 reduces mitochondrial superoxide in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Nguyen Tu , Urrutia-Cabrera Daniel , Wang Luozixian , Lees Jarmon G. , Wang Jiang-Hui , Hung Sandy S.C. , Hewitt Alex W. , Edwards Thomas L , Lim Shiang Y. , Luu Chi , Guymer Robyn , Wong Raymond C.B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenetic and epidemiologic studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the genetic factors contributing to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In particular, recent expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies have highlighted POLDIP2 as a significant gene that confers risk of developing AMD. However, the role of POLDIP2 in retinal cells such as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and how it contributes to AMD pathology are unknown. Here we report the generation of a stable human RPE cell line with POLDIP2 knockout using CRISPR/Cas, providing an in vitro model to investigate the functions of POLDIP2. We conducted functional studies on the POLDIP2 knockout cell line and showed that they retained normal levels of cell proliferation, cell viability, phagocytosis and autophagy. Also, we performed RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptome of POLDIP2 knockout cells. Our results highlighted significant changes in genes involved in immune response, complement activation, oxidative damage and vascular development. We showed that loss of POLDIP2 causes a reduction in mitochondrial superoxide levels, which is consistent with the upregulation of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase SOD2. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a novel link between POLDIP2 and SOD2, which supports a potential role of POLDIP2 in regulating oxidative stress in AMD pathology.