bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Angle Mass Flux of an Electrospray Plume
Authors: Collins Adam Leigh , Wright Peter Lloyd , Uchizono Nolan Michael , Wirz Richard Edward 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High-resolution mass flux measurements of an electrospray plume are reported at high (> 30º) angles, which are relevant to direct impingement of downstream electrodes. Interrogation of the plume edge greatly reduces uncertainty in electrospray device lifetime estimation related to mass flux to electrode surfaces. An angularly-actuated Thermoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance (TQCM) provides resolution down to ∼2 pg cm−2 s−1 , allowing the highest resolution mass flux measurements of an electrospray plume to be reported herein. In-situ microscopy of the electrospray meniscus revealed changes to the electrode lines-of-sight of approximately 2° to 3° due to the increasing meniscus tip height with beam current. Using the TQCM measurements and previous QCM results, a data-driven model is proposed for estimating electrode impingement as a function of beam current and aperture line-of-sight, which quantitatively captures the rapid increase in mass flux at higher beam currents or at low angles. The results show it is possible to guarantee negligible electrode impingement within a specified range of throttle levels.
Primers for multiplex PCR identification for source of origin and pathogenic E.Coli contamination in meat samples: An electronic PCR experience
Authors: Kumari Monu , Banerjee Dibyajyoti , Bhattacharyya Rajasri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Meat fraud is an ongoing issue. So, Identification of meat adulterant as well as bacterial contamination is utmost need. Advance technology like Multiplex and digital droplet PCR are the two currently used methods for diagnosing contamination of meat. However, simultaneous testing of adulterant and bacterial contamination in livestock are not done profoundly. Here, we have design PCR primers which can be used to identify adulterant and bacterial contamination concurrently.
WITHDRAWN: Computational modeling of coupling exothermic and endothermic reaction processes in microchannel reactors for hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Process miniaturization and microchannel reactor technology provide opportunities for improving chemical processing and provide improved process control in chemical synthesis. What is needed is a simple and direct way of optimizing reactor operation and design to combine the key variables such as reactor dimensions and catalyst thermal properties. The present study relates to a catalytic process of steam-methanol reforming for the production of hydrogen in a microchannel heterogeneous reaction system. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed with respect to various factors pertaining to the reactor system. The effects of catalyst thermal conductivity and channel characteristic length on reaction and transport processes are investigated in terms of efficiency and performance. Design recommendations are made to offer improvements in process capability and process control. The results indicated that the catalyst thermal conductivity and channel characteristic length are vital in determining the efficiency and performance of the reactor system. The microchannel design method provides greater product yield and permits using less steam and maintaining catalytic activity of the catalyst. Microchannel reactors can provide unique opportunities for reaction and chemical engineers to control transport phenomena to produce extremely efficient chemical reactors. The performance of hydrogen production is controlled by mass transport and thermal transport through the reaction medium. Hydrogen production can be optimized by precise control of the parameters that determine the overall efficiency of the reaction. Catalytic combustion reactions occur rapidly and are particularly difficult to control with precision. Microchannel reactors can provide sufficient residence time to achieve the desired conversion, provide sufficient mass transfer rate of reactants and products on the catalyst surfaces, allow for conditions where heat is transferred effectively, and provide an effective method for controlling temperature in a safe operating window.
Effect of Lanthanum doping on the specific gas sensing behavior on BaSnO3
Authors: Bajpai P. K. , Bajpai Sharmila , Patil D.R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
La-doped Ba1 − xLaxSnO3 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) powders were prepared by solid-state reaction method for improving their specific gas sensing properties. Highly pure single perovskite phase n-type BaSnO3 (BSO) ceramics were synthesized after sintering at 1300°C. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ba1 − xLaxSnO3 (BLSO) compositions stabilized in cubic crystalline phase (space group Pm-3m). Lattice constant variation with La-doping is attributed to two competing effects of ionic radii variation as well as reduction of B-site valence. Microstructure and elemental analysis exhibited La being incorporated into the lattice and doping induced surface homogeneity enhancing. Raman measurements give phonon bands that are Raman forbidden under cubic symmetry suggesting that local structural distortion occurs with average cubic structure. Thick films were used for measurng the gas sensing behavior (selectivity and sensitivity) for LPG, CO2, C2H5OH, NH3, H2, Cl2, H2S. The compositions show the selective response for Ammonia and Ethanol at 100°C and room temperature (27°C) respectively. Ba1 − xLaxSnO3 (x = 0.02) composition at an operating temperature of 100°C show maximum response of 10.67 for ammonia (NH3) whereas Ba1 − xLaxSnO3 (x = 0.01) composition at 27°C shows maximum response of 18.61 for ethanol (C2H5OH) at 100 ppm gas concentration. The gas sensing mechanism and the selectivity enhancement due to La-doping are discussed.
Insight into the Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Structure-activity Relationship
of Benzothiazole and Benzothiazole-hydrazone Derivatives:
A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Singh Himanshu , Yadav Ranjeet Kumar , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Chauhan Bharti , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds constitute the most important part of medicinal as well as organic
chemistry. Most of the marketed drugs possess therapeutic activity because of the presence
of heterocyclic scaffolds as part of their structure. A slight change in the structure of the heterocyclic
moieties may result in a major change in the therapeutic response of the drug candidate.
Among all heterocycle compounds, the compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms serve as
a unique resource for drug development, such as benzothiazoles. Benzothiazole is a benzofused
heterocyclic that is widely reported as a constituent of naturally occurring chemicals and chiefly
responsible for their pharmacological potential. It was also reported that the pharmacological activity
of BTA may also be influenced by its coupling with aldehydes, ketones, or hydrazines to
form respected benzothiazole-hydrazone derivatives. The present comprehensive review consists
of various synthesis methods, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of and targets
of benzothiazole and benzothiazole-hydrazone derivatives to provide a wide range of information
to medicinal chemists for future research work.
Plant Secondary Metabolites as Apoptosis-inducing Agents
Authors: Faridi Uzma 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a carefully synchronized collapse of cells due to protein degradation, fragmentation of DNA. It is an essential part of the life cycle of every multicellular organism including worms to humans. Apoptosis plays a major role in cancer development as well. Various studies confirm the potential of many drugs to change the regulation and ratio of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic factors. Plants are the best-known source of drugs for various kinds of diseases including cancer. Plant secondary metabolites (alkaloids, terpenes and phenolics) are the major constituents used as drugs. Several studies confirm that these secondary metabolites can induce apoptosis by triggering proapoptotic and antiapoptotic factors. In this article, some of the important secondary metabolites and their mode of action as apoptotic triggering agents have been studied.
Green Synthesized Nanoparticles as a Plausible Therapeutic Strategy
Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update on its Preclinical and
Clinical Relevance
Authors: Chandrababu Gopika , Sah Sunil Kumar , Kumar Ayana R. , M Sabitha , Nath Lekshmi R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Green nanotechnology can offer notable advantages over the conventional drug delivery methods in terms of improved drug stability, drug-carrying capacity, site-specificity, and feasibility to apply different routes of administration with less systemic toxicities. Metal nanoparticles bio fab-ricated with phytoconstituents and microbial extracts have gained significant interest for the treatment of various solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. The current treatments of HCC fails to provide tumor specificity, causing many systemic toxicities and poor overall survival benefits especially for patients in advanced and terminal stages. A novel therapeutic approach with maximal therapeutic effect and minimum adverse effects are urgently required for HCC patients. Green synthesized metal nanopar-ticles offer significant anticancer effects along with minimal systemic toxicities because of their site-specific delivery into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Green synthesized metal nanoparticles can therefore be a highly beneficial strategy for the treatment of HCC if properly validated with pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review focuses on the preclinical evidence of the most widely stud-ied green metal nanoparticles such as green synthesized silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and selenium nanoparticles. We have also summarised the clinical studies and the patents approved for nanoparticles against HCC.
Boosting Anti-tumour Immunity Using Adjuvant Apigenin
Authors: Xiao Chuli , Najafi Masoud , Huang Jun , Chen Xuedong , Chang Zaoshang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:The interactions and secretions within the tumour have a pivotal role in tumour growth and therapy. Immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) secrets some substances, which can result in exhaustion of anti-tumour immunity. To stimulate anti-tumour immunity, suppression of the secretion and interactions of immunosuppressive cells, on the other hand, stimulation of proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes are required. Apigenin is a flavone with anticancer properties. Emerging evidence shows that not only does apigenin modulate cell death pathways in cancer cells but it also can stimulate anti-tumour immune cells to release death signals and suppress the release of tumour-promoting molecules. In this review, we discuss the interactions between apigenin and various cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). These interactions may enhance anti-tumour immunity to improve the efficiency of anticancer remedies such as immunotherapy.
Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Cross-
Sectional Study
Authors: Giagulli Vito Angelo , Lisco Giuseppe , Bartolomeo Nicola , Ramunni Maria Isabella , De Tullio Anna , Carbone Matteo Domenico , Guastamcchia Edoardo , De Pergola Giovanni , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) rises with the number and severity of chronic diseases.
Study aims. This cross-sectional study assessed the frequency and severity of ED in patients with multiple chronic conditions.

Study aims:
This cross-sectional study assessed the frequency and severity of ED in patients with multiple chronic conditions.

Methods:
The 5-item International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-5) to diagnose and classify ED. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to assess the burden of chronic comorbidity. The primary outcome was to assess the ED frequency according to CCI severity. The secondary outcomes included the assessment of correlation between 1) IIEF-5 and total testosterone (TT), 2) CCI and TT, 3) IIEF-5 and CCI. Lastly, the CCI and modified CCI (mCCI) performance were compared with each other.

Results:
The overall frequency of ED increased along with the CCI score severity: 45% for CCI=0; 95% for CCI=1; 91% for CCI=2; 99% for CCI≥3 (p<.0001). CCI correlated negatively with TT levels and IIEF-5 score (r=-0.34 and -0.44; p<.0001). Compared to the CCI, a novel proposed mCCI performs well.

Discussion:
The frequency and severity of ED are relevant in outpatients with sexual complaints and those with chronic comorbidities. Despite limitations, mCCI may be considered a reliable tool to assess the overall burden of multiple chronic conditions in patients with comorbidities.

Conclusion:
ED is a reliable proxy of overall male health. Further studies are needed to confirm this potential application.
What do we know about Toll-Like Receptors Involvement in Gout Arthritis?
Authors: Silva Cássia Regina , Saraiva André Lopes , Rossato Mateus Fortes , Trevisan Gabriela , Oliveira Sara Marchesan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a well-characterized family of cell-bound pattern recognition receptors able to identify and respond to conserved structures of external microorganisms or Pathogen Molecular-Associated Pattern (PAMPs). They can also interact with Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) involved with any infectious and sterile cell stress of tissue injury. Accumulated knowledge about TLRs has revealed that these receptors and intracellular signaling pathways triggered through TLR activation contribute to the physiopathology of different inflammatory diseases, including arthritic conditions. Mostly, the literature focuses on exploring TLRs in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. However, TLRs also seem to be an essential mediator for monosodium urate (MSU) crystals-induced gouty arthritis, both in animal models and humans. Accordingly, naked MSU crystals have a highly negatively charged surface recognized by TLRs; intracellular adapter protein MyD88 are significant mediators of MSU crystals-induced IL1β production in mice, and gouty patients demonstrate a robust positive correlation between TLR4 mRNA level and serum IL1β. Here, we revised the literature evidence regarding the involvement of TLRs in gout arthritis pathogenesis, with particular reference to TLR2 and TLR4, by analyzing the actual literature data.
Emerging Nanovaccine Technology: Defense Against Infection by Oral
Administration
Authors: Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , Raghuvanshi Akash , Shah Kamal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Oral vaccines have been proposed as a potential vaccine against a variety of infections, particularly invading pathogens throughout the GIT. Oral vaccinations targeting the large intestine could be a viable alternative to intracorneal immunizations which have been shown to be effective against rectogenital infections but are impractical during mass vaccination. Furthermore, the oral route allows for the development of humoral and cellular immune responses in both systemic and mucosal locations, resulting in a larger and longer-lasting protective effect. Oral administration, on the other hand, is difficult, needing formulations to overcome the harsh GI efficiency and reduce tolerance induction to obtain adequate protection. This review article will highlight the mode of action of oral vaccines, the list of license oral vaccine, type of vaccines, and the physiological barriers and immunological barriers to oral transport of peptides and proteins.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: New Insight for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jiwankar Manasi , Sabale Vidya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is a life-threatening disease that is associated with persistent tissue injury and uncontrolled cell growth. The treatments available to treat cancer include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. These treatments are utilized in combination while the most preferred treatment is chemotherapy. Because of the non-specificity of anticancer drugs, they kill healthy cells along with cancer cells, which lead to severe side effects. To minimize such limitations associated with conventional chemotherapy, nanostructured lipids carriers (NLCs) can be developed. These are the nanocarriers consisting of a mixture of solid and liquid lipids and surfactants. Lipids utilized in the formulation of NLCs are biocompatible and biodegradable. NLCs ensure high drug payload, less drug expulsion, and more stability on storage. NLCs enhance the aqueous solubility of lipophilic anticancer drugs. Their surface modification can help to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Controlled and targeted drug delivery of anticancer drugs can be possible by formulating them as NLCs. NLCs can play an important role in targeting anticancer drugs by different mechanisms. This review highlights types, formulation methods, characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers, and strategies to achieve targeted release of anticancer drugs loaded in NLCs.
Snake Envenomation and Innate Immune System: An Overview
Authors: Reis Mouzarllem Barros , Cazeloto Anna Caroline Vendrame , Roque Julia Breda , Ferreira Juliana Cogo , Vigo Marianna Minaré , Zoccal Karina Furlani 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Snake envenomations are one of the most common venomous accidents caused by animals in the world. The symptoms induced after bite vary accordingly to the species. Most of the snake venoms elicit direct or indirect activation of the innate immune responses that ranges from local to systemic effects and contributes to the clinical manifestations after envenoming. The venom interacts with the immune system by inducing the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, which contributes to create a proinflamatory status, release of cytokines and lipid mediators, and has properties to modulate other components of the innate immune system like the complement system. In this review, we highlitht some studies that point out over the years the mechanisms by which snake venoms interact with the innate immune system, as well as the pharmacological potential of this class of compounds with great applicability to the medical field.
Toxins from Venomous Arthropods in Brazil: Patents and Potential Biotechnological Applications
Authors: de Castro Pedro Henrique Cardoso , Paiva Ana Luiza Bittencourt , Oliveira-Mendes Barbara Bruna Ribeiro , Guerra-Duarte Clara , Matavel Alessandra 
Published: May 2022

Background:The diversity of components in arthropod venoms constitute a rich source of bioactive molecules. Brazil is the most biodiverse country of the world, comprising 15 to 20% of the total catalogued species, with approximately 103,870 animal species including arthropods. Although many articles mention the biotechnological potential of these venoms and toxins, only few studies compile the patented uses of these molecules.Objective:This review describes the knowledge about the molecular mechanism of venoms and toxins with biotechnological potential, and list the patents deposited up to 2021 related to the main medical relevant arthropods in Brazil including the orders Araneae (spider genus Phoneutria, Loxosceles, Latrodectus), Scorpiones (scorpion genus Tityus), Lepidoptera (caterpillar genus Lonomia), and Hymenoptera.Methods:The international patent search engine “Espacenet” and the “Brazilian patent office” were used to search the patents described in this article.Results:Up to date, 34 patents have been filled involving these Brazilian arthropods' venoms or toxins. Most of them (20) claimed biotechnological inventions with spider toxins, mainly from the genus Phoneutria. Only seven inventions involved venom or toxins from scorpions, one from bee, three from wasps, and three from caterpillars.Conclusions:Brazil is one of the main references in venoms and toxins’ studies; however, the limited number of deposited patents related to this area by Brazilian researchers do not reflect their pioneer position in this field. On the other hand, patents were well described and made with purified toxins, rather than with the whole venom. Nevertheless, the vast publication record of venom and toxin characterization that leads to a better understanding of their molecular mechanisms paves the way for turning these promising molecules into possible products.
Design, Development, and Testing of BEST4Baby, an mHealth Technology to Support Exclusive Breastfeeding in India: Pilot Study
Authors: Ma Tony , Chang Katie , Alyusuf Amal , Bajracharya Elina , Washio Yukiko , Kelly Patricia J , Bellad Roopa M , Mahantashetti Niranjana S , Charantimath Umesh , Short Vanessa L , Lalakia Parth , Jaeger Frances , Goudar Shivaprasad , Derman Richard 
Published: May 2022

Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 months of age in most low- and middle-income countries, including India, is surprisingly low. There is a relative lack of mobile health apps that specifically focus on leveraging the use of peer counselors (PCs) to support mothers as a means of increasing EBF practices in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective
This study aimed to design, develop, and test the usability of Breastfeeding Education Support Tool for Baby (BEST4Baby), a mobile health app specifically designed to support PCs in providing in-home breastfeeding counseling support to mothers in rural India on optimal breastfeeding practices.

Methods
A user-centered design process with an agile development methodology was used. The approach involved stakeholders and mothers who were trained to serve as PCs to guide BEST4Baby’s design and development, including the app’s content and features. PCs were engaged through focus groups with interactive wireframes. During the 24-month pilot study period, we conducted a feasibility test of the BEST4Baby app with 22 PCs who supported home visits with mothers residing in rural India. The intervention protocol required PCs to provide education and follow mothers using the BEST4Baby app, with 9 scheduled home visits from the late prenatal stage to 6 months post partum. BEST4Baby’s usability from the PCs’ perspective was assessed using the translated System Usability Scale (SUS).

Results
The findings of this study align with best practices in user-centered design (ie, understanding user experience, including context with iterative design with stakeholders) to address EBF barriers. This led to the cultural tailoring and contextual alignment of an evidence-based World Health Organization breastfeeding program with an iterative design and agile development of the BEST4Baby app. A total of 22 PCs tested and rated the BEST4Baby app as highly usable, with a mean SUS score of 85.3 (SD 9.1), placing it over the 95th percentile for SUS scores. The approach translated into a highly usable BEST4Baby app for use by PCs in breastfeeding counseling, which also statistically increased EBF practices.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that BEST4Baby was highly usable and accepted by mothers serving as PCs to support other mothers in their EBF practices and led to positive outcomes in the intervention group’s EBF rates. The pilot study demonstrated that using the specially designed BEST4Baby app was an important support tool for mothers to serve as PCs during the 9 home visits.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03533725; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03533725