bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A parallel methodology of adaptive Cartesian grid for compressible flow simulations
Authors: Qi Xinyu , Yang Yuchen , Tian Linlin , Wang Zhenming , Zhao Ning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe combination of Cartesian grid and the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technology is an effective way to handle complex geometry and solve complex flow problems. Some high-efficiency Cartesian-based AMR libraries have been developed to handle dynamic changes of the grid in parallel but still can not meet the unique requirements of simulating flow around objects. In this paper, we propose an efficient Cartesian grid generation method and an information transmission approach for the wall boundary to parallelize the implementation of ghost-cell method (GCM). Also, the multi-valued ghost-cell method to handle multi-value points is improved to adapt to the parallel framework. Combining the mentioned methodologies with the open-source library p4est, an automatic and efficient simulation of compressible flow is achieved. The overall performance of the methodology is tested through a wide range of inviscid/viscous flow cases. The results indicate that the capability and parallel scalability of the present numerical methodology for solving multiple types of flows, involving shock and vortices, multi-body flow and unsteady flows are agreeable as compared with related reference data.
Maternal-derived antibodies hinder the antibody response to H9N2 AIV inactivated vaccine in the field
Authors: Pan Xue , Su Xin , Ding Pingyun , Zhao Jinhua , Cui Hongrui , Yan Dawei , Teng Qiaoyang , Li Xuesong , Beerens Nancy , Zhang Haitao , Liu Qinfang , de Jong Mart C. M. , Li Zejun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) inactivated vaccine has been used extensively in poultry farms, but it often fails to stimulate a sufficiently high immune response in poultry in the field, although it works well in laboratory experiments; hence, the virus still causes economic damage every year and poses a potential threat to public health. Based on surveillance data collected in the field, we found that broilers with high levels of maternal-derived antibodies (MDAs) against H9N2 virus did not produce high levels of antibodies after vaccination with a commercial H9N2 inactivated vaccine. In contrast, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens without MDAs responded efficiently to that vaccination. When MDAs were mimicked by administering passively transferred antibodies (PTAs) into SPF chickens in the laboratory, similar results were observed: H9N2-specific PTAs inhibited humoral immunity against the H9N2 inactivated vaccine, suggesting that H9N2-specific MDAs might hinder the generation of antibodies when H9N2 inactivated vaccine was used. After challenge with homologous H9N2 virus, the virus was detected in oropharyngeal swabs of the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens with PTAs but not in the vaccinated chickens without PTAs, indicating that H9N2-specific MDAs were indeed one of the reasons for H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field. When different titers of PTAs were used to mimic MDAs in SPF chickens, high (HI = 12 log2) and medium (HI = log 9 log2) titers of PTAs reduced the generation of H9N2-specific antibodies after the first vaccination, but a booster dose would induce a high and faster humoral immune response even of PTA interference. This study strongly suggested that high or medium titers of MDAs might explain H9N2 inactivated vaccine failure in the field.
Platelet Transfusion and Outcomes After Massive Transfusion Protocol Activation for Major Trauma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aichholz Pudkrong K. , Lee Sarah A. , Farr Carly K. , Tsang Hamilton C. , Vavilala Monica S. , Stansbury Lynn G. , Hess John R. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Incorporation of massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) into acute major trauma care has reduced hemorrhagic mortality, but the threshold and timing of platelet transfusion in MTP are controversial. This study aimed to describe early (first 4 hours) platelet transfusion practice in a setting where platelet counts are available within 15 minutes and the effect of early platelet deployment on in-hospital mortality. Our hypothesis in this work was that platelet transfusion in resuscitation of severe trauma can be guided by rapid turnaround platelet counts without excess mortality.

METHODS:
We examined MTP activations for all admissions from October 2016 to September 2018 to a Level 1 regional trauma center with a full trauma team activation. We characterized platelet transfusion practice by demographics, injury severity, and admission vital signs (as shock index: heart rate/systolic blood pressure) and laboratory results. A multivariable model assessed association between early platelet transfusion and mortality at 4 hours, 24 hours, and overall in-hospital, with P <.001.

RESULTS:
Of the 11,474 new trauma patients admitted over the study period, 469 (4.0%) were massively transfused (defined as ≥10 units of red blood cells [RBCs] in 24 hours, ≥5 units of RBC in 6 hour, ≥3 units of RBC in 1 hour, or ≥4 units of total products in 30 minutes). 250 patients (53.0%) received platelets in the first 4 hours, and most early platelet transfusions occurred in the first hour after admission (175, 70.0%). Platelet recipients had higher injury severity scores (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 35 ± 16 vs 28 ± 14), lower admission platelet counts (189 ± 80 × 109/L vs 234 ± 80 × 109/L; P < .001), higher admission shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure; 1.15 ± 0.46 vs 0.98 ± 0.36; P < .001), and received more units of red cells in the first 4 hours (8.7 ± 7.7 vs 3.3 ± 1.6 units), 24 hours (9 ± 9 vs 3 ± 2 units), and in-hospital (9 ± 8 vs 3 ± 2 units) than nonrecipients (all P < .001). We saw no difference in 4-hour (8% vs 7.8%; P = .4), 24-hour (16.4% vs 10.5%; P = .06), or in-hospital mortality (30.4% vs 23.7%; P = .1) between platelet recipients and nonrecipients. After adjustment for age, injury severity, head injury, and admission physiology/laboratory results, early platelet transfusion was not associated with 4-hour, 24-hour, or in-hospital mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
In an advanced trauma care setting where platelet counts are available within 15 minutes, approximately half of massively transfused patients received early platelet transfusion. Early platelet transfusion guided by protocol-based clinical judgment and rapid-turnaround platelet counts was not associated with increased mortality.
The Whiteness of Birds
Authors: Mirzoeff Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay frames the 2020 Central Park bird-watching incident, in which a white financial analyst called police on a Black bird-watcher, in the context of histories of settler colonialism, extraction, and white supremacy. Situating ornithology as a white way of seeing, it considers the extermination and extinction of birds in terms of fugitivity, necrography, and eugenics, engaging the work of Audubon and the collection and display of birds at the American Museum of Natural History. It closes with a reflection on the Assembly of Birds in Aotearoa New Zealand, as depicted by painter Bill Hammond, and the work of decolonizing extinction.
Loss of slc39a14 causes simultaneous manganese hypersensitivity and deficiency in zebrafish
Authors: Tuschl Karin , White Richard J. , Trivedi Chintan , Valdivia Leonardo E. , Niklaus Stephanie , Bianco Isaac H. , Dadswell Chris , González-Méndez Ramón , Sealy Ian M. , Neuhauss Stephan C. F. , Houart Corinne , Rihel Jason , Wilson Stephen W. , Busch-Nentwich Elisabeth M. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Manganese neurotoxicity is a hallmark of hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2, an inherited manganese transporter defect caused by mutations in SLC39A14. To identify novel potential targets of manganese neurotoxicity, we performed transcriptome analysis of slc39a14−/− mutant zebrafish that were exposed to MnCl2. Differentially expressed genes mapped to the central nervous system and eye, and pathway analysis suggested that Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and activation of the unfolded protein response are key features of manganese neurotoxicity. Consistent with this interpretation, MnCl2 exposure led to decreased whole-animal Ca2+ levels, locomotor defects and changes in neuronal activity within the telencephalon and optic tectum. In accordance with reduced tectal activity, slc39a14−/− zebrafish showed changes in visual phototransduction gene expression, absence of visual background adaptation and a diminished optokinetic reflex. Finally, numerous differentially expressed genes in mutant larvae normalised upon MnCl2 treatment indicating that, in addition to neurotoxicity, manganese deficiency is present either subcellularly or in specific cells or tissues. Overall, we assembled a comprehensive set of genes that mediate manganese-systemic responses and found a highly correlated and modulated network associated with Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and cellular stress.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
International eHealth ecosystems and the quest for the winning value proposition: findings from a survey study
Authors: Oberschmidt Kira , van Velsen Lex , Grünloh Christiane , Fiorini Laura , Rovini Erika , Melero Muñoz Francisco José 
Published: May 2022

Background: eHealth ecosystems are becoming increasingly important for national and international healthcare. In such ecosystems, different actors are connected and work together to create mutual value. However, it is important to be aware of the goals that each actor pursues within the ecosystem. Method: This study describes the outcomes of a workshop (30 participants) and two surveys (completed by 54 and 100 participants), which investigated how different types of industry stakeholders, namely social services, healthcare, technology developers and researchers, rated potential value propositions for an eHealth ecosystem. Both the feasibility and the importance of each proposition was taken into account. Results: Interoperability between services was highly valued across industry types but there were also vast differences concerning other propositions. Conclusion: Jointly reflecting on the different perceived values of an ehealth ecosystem can help actors working together to form an ecosystem.
Comparative study on scenarios for rotating gantry mechanical structures
Authors: Piacentini Luca , Dassa Luca , Perini Diego , Ratkus Andris , Torims Toms , Uberti Stefano , Vilcans Janis , Vretenar Maurizio 
Published: May 2022

Background: This paper outlines a comparative study on scenarios of gantries mechanical design for ion-therapy of cancer, which is a crucial step toward the development of the next ion medical machine. Methods: Multiple scenarios were considered based on robustness of the design, size, weight and complexity, deformation and precision performances and costs, as well as environmental impact. Four prospective scenarios were identified, each of them capable of providing beam to at least 220° around the patient. One scenario is capable of providing treatment angles of 360°. This report will describe the unified methodology performed during the study in order to achieve unbiased results in a comprehensive manner. Results: Results show that in statically balanced scenarios, considerable improvements can be reached in terms of safety, deformation, precision performances, complexity and costs of implementation. Conclusions: All scenarios are deemed suitable for further gantry design development.
Potential for positive biodiversity outcomes under diet-driven land use change in Great Britain
Authors: Ferguson-Gow Henry , Nicholas Owen , Outhwaite Charlotte , Green Rosie , Scheelbeek Pauline , Eustachio Colombo Patricia , Wheeler Amber , Taylor Anna , Dangour Alan D , Mace Georgina , Pearson Richard G 
Published: May 2022

Background: A shift toward human diets that include more fruit and vegetables, and less meat is a potential pathway to improve public health and reduce food system-related greenhouse gas emissions. Associated changes in land use could include conversion of grazing land into horticulture, which makes more efficient use of land per unit of dietary energy and frees-up land for other uses. Methods: Here we use Great Britain as a case study to estimate potential impacts on biodiversity from converting grazing land to a mixture of horticulture and natural land covers by fitting species distribution models for over 800 species, including pollinating insects and species of conservation priority. Results: Across several land use scenarios that consider the current ratio of domestic fruit and vegetable production to imports, our statistical models suggest a potential for gains to biodiversity, including a tendency for more species to gain habitable area than to lose habitable area. Moreover, the models suggest that climate change impacts on biodiversity could be mitigated to a degree by land use changes associated with dietary shifts. Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrates that options exist for changing agricultural land uses in a way that can generate win-win-win outcomes for biodiversity, adaptation to climate change and public health.
Long-term outcomes after ulna shortening osteotomy: a mean follow-up of six years
Authors: Teunissen Joris S. , van der Oest Mark J. W. , Selles Ruud W. , Ulrich Dietmar J. O. , Hovius Steven E. R. , van der Heijden Brigitte ,   On behalf of Hand Wrist Study Group contributors
Published: May 2022

Aims The primary aim of this study was to describe long-term patient-reported outcomes after ulna shortening osteotomy for ulna impaction syndrome. Methods Overall, 89 patients treated between July 2011 and November 2017 who had previously taken part in a routine outcome evaluation up to 12 months postoperatively were sent an additional questionnaire in February 2021. The primary outcome was the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) total score. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction with treatment results, complications, and subsequent treatment for ulnar-sided wrist pain. Linear mixed models were used to compare preoperative, 12 months, and late follow-up (ranging from four to nine years) PRWHE scores. Results Long-term outcomes were available in 66 patients (74%) after a mean follow-up of six years (SD 1). The mean PRWHE total score improved from 63 before surgery to 19 at late follow-up (difference in means (Δ) 44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 39 to 50; p = <0.001). Between 12 months and late follow-up, the PRWHE total score also improved (Δ 12; 95% CI 6 to 18; p = < 0.001). At late follow-up, 14/66 of patients (21%) reported a PRWHE total score of zero, whereas this was 3/51 patients (6%) at 12 months (p = 0.039). In all, 58/66 patients (88%) would undergo the same treatment again under similar circumstances. Subsequent treatment (total n = 66; surgical n = 57) for complications or recurrent symptoms were performed in 50/66 patients (76%). The most prevalent type of reoperation was hardware removal in 42/66 (64%), and nonunion occurred in 8/66 (12%). Conclusion Ulna shortening osteotomy improves patient-reported pain and function that seems to sustain at late follow-up. While satisfaction levels are generally high, reoperations such as hardware removal are common. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(5):375–382.
Conceptualizing safer sex in a new era: Risk perception and decision-making process among highly sexually active men who have sex with men
Authors: Dennermalm Nicklas , Persson Kristina Ingemarsdotter , Thomsen Sarah , Forsberg Birger C. , Alvesson Helle Mølsted 
Published: May 2022

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at the epicenter of the HIV epidemic. Efforts to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV transmission have traditionally focused on condoms and abstinence from high risk sexual practices. Recently, additional methods such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and viral load sorting have been introduced. The aim of this study was to gain understanding about risk management and risk perception strategies for HIV among highly sexually active Swedish MSM with men in Berlin.

Methods
Eighteen sexually active Swedish MSM who travelled to or lived in Berlin were recruited and interviewed in this study. The data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results and discussion
These men represent a group of knowledgeable MSM in terms of HIV. They acknowledged that having sex with men in Berlin was linked to high sexual risk taking due to the higher prevalence of HIV/STIs than in Sweden, but reported that they nevertheless did not alter their risk management strategies. The analysis resulted in a conceptual model of risk assessment that allows for a deeper understanding of the complexity of the risk reduction decision-making process. Three ontological perceptions of risk were identified: accepting, minimizing and rejecting risk. Seven practiced risk reduction methods were described. Some informants applied their preferred method or set of methods to all settings and partners, while others faced complex decision-making processes.

Conclusion
HIV is integrated into the core of MSM’s sexuality, independently of how they ontologically related to the idea of risk. A constant navigation between pleasure, risk and safety, alongside having to relate to risk created a complex process. Efforts were made to remove HIV from their lives by rejecting the idea of risk, and thereby reject the idea of the homosexual body being a possible vessel for a virus and an epidemic.
Genetics or Environment: Tracing the Root Cause of Increasing Homosexual Population
Authors: Pimentel Jonald 
Published: May 2022

The number of homosexuals at present is enormously increasing in the Philippines. These homosexuals established themselves in the academe, government, services, industry and in the private sectors. They contributed a lot in the society shaping government policies where they were given attention especially in their demands of acceptance and equality. However, some homosexuals are also contributing the spread of disease particularly HIV-AIDS due to their sexual practices and activities. The increase of this group of individuals causes a distortion on the growth of human population since they do not produce offspring due to same sex partnership. This study investigated the root cause of homosexuality and the link of these homosexual’s sexual orientation and behavior with its family influences, environment, exposure to violence and childhood experiences. It has been a long debate known as nature-nurture debate whether homosexuality is caused by genetics or environment. Using a constructed validated questionnaire, four hundred fifty-five persons that have tendencies to be homosexuals were selected and their responses were gathered. Describing their sexual orientations, out of the total 455 individuals, 56 (12.3%) were straight males and 88 (19.34%) were straight females, 96 (21.09%) admitted to be bisexual, 123 (27.03%) were gays and 91 (20%) were lesbians. The results of data analysis using Chi-square test, showed that there was a significant association between the sexual orientation and the birth order as well as an individual having a homosexual sibling and history of childhood abuse.
Korean immigrant teenagers’ literacy practices and identity negotiation through smartphone use
Authors: Cho Aram 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe computer and online technology world continues to evolve rapidly, with vast improvements in new devices such as smartphones. With these changes, scholarly attention to the impact of mobile technology on literacy development, especially self-based language learning and practice, has also increased. This “virtual space” can create a meaningful motivation for learning and may offer a small yet pertinent support to literacy practices in transnational migrant contexts. The research questions that guided this study were (1) what are the unique mobile literacy practices that Korean teenagers in the US engage in? And (2) how do Korean teenagers in the US reflect upon their local integration and identities through mobile devices? This study draws from new literacies and Norton’s theory of investment and identity. The primary data are semi-structured interviews collected over a three-month period and were analyzed using constant comparison. Findings show that immigrant teenagers’ continued language practices involve their preferable transnational affiliation on social media. Furthermore, findings suggest that participants’ intention to use mobile phones sometimes masks their insecure personality to help them assimilate into a community to which they wish to belong. A better understanding of mobile literacy practices in transnational migrant contexts offers insights for language teachers and educators in the US.
On the geometry of the multiplier space of ℓp
A
Authors: Felder Christopher , Cheng Raymond 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For p ∈ (1, ∞) \ {2}, some properties of the space ℳ
p
of multipliers on ℓp
A
are derived. In particular, the failure of the weak parallelogram laws and the Pythagorean inequalities is demonstrated for ℳ
p
. It is also shown that the extremal multipliers on the ℓp
A
spaces are exactly the monomials, in stark contrast to the p = 2 case.
Dynamic changes of VN resource requests research on dynamic VN mapping algorithms for increasing demand for resources
Authors: Huo Yuanyuan , Chen Guangxuan , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The research of optical network virtualization technology is gradually deepening among optical network virtualization for network cloud service is one of the main research directions of optical network in the future. The dynamic VN mapping algorithm, the most critical part of the virtual network layer, was not studied. As mentioned earlier, optical networks for cloud-oriented services face the challenge of how to respond to the dynamic changes in VN resource requests during virtualization.
Twenty years of newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia and congenital primary hypothyroidism – experiences from the DGKED/AQUAPE study group for quality improvement in Germany
Authors: Hammersen Johanna , Bettendorf Markus , Bonfig Walter , Schönau Eckhard , Warncke Katharina , Eckert Alexander J. , Fricke-Otto Susanne , Palm Katja , Holl Reinhard W. , Woelfle Joachim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are targeted by the German and Austrian newborn screening. For both diseases, there are registries for quality improvement, based on standardized observational data from long-term patient follow-up, under the auspices of the DGKED study group. By September 2021, the CH registry HypoDOK includes datasets from 23,348 visits of 1,840 patients, and the CAH registry contains datasets from 36,237 visits of 1,976 patients. Here, we report on the recruitment process, patient characteristics, and research contributions from the registries, and underline that the registries are an important tool to improve patient care and outcomes. Registries for rare conditions should thus be considered as an important public health measure and they should be adequately institutionalized and funded.