bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy of pulmonary ground-glass nodules: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Binchen , Zhong Feiyang , An Wenting , Liao Meiyan 
Published: November 2022

Background More and more pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) are screened with the extensive usage of low-dose computed tomography (CT). The need of CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy of GGN remains controversial. Purpose To explore the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous puncture biopsy of GGNs. Material and Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI. Included studies reported the puncture biopsy results of pulmonary GGNs, including the number of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), and false negative (FN) cases. After evaluating the studies, statistical analysis, and quality assessment, the pooled diagnostic sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was constructed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed according to whether spiral CT or fluoroscopy-guided CT was used in the study. Results This meta-analysis included 14 studies with a total of 759 patients (702 samples). The pooled SEN, SPE, and DOR of CT-guided puncture biopsy of pulmonary GGNs were 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89–0.94), 0.99 (95% CI = 0.95–1.00), and 138.72 (95% CI = 57.98–331.89), respectively. The AUC was 0.97. Conclusion Our results indicated that CT-guided puncture biopsy of GGNs has high SEN, SPE, and DOR, which proved that CT-guided puncture biopsy was a good way to determine the pathological nature of GGN.
First-line treatments for patients with advanced ALK gene rearrangements in NSCLC: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Tao Jiahao , Zheng Chuangjie , Zhang Cuifen , Zhou Ling , Liu Zeyu , Zhou Yanqun , Huang Xuewu , Lin Lizhu , Zhai Linzhu 
Published: November 2022

Objective To conduct a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to determine the optimal clinical choice of first-line therapy for patients with ALK receptor tyrosine kinase ( ALK) gene rearrangement non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Clinical trials in patients with histologically confirmed ALK gene rearrangement NSCLC, that included ALK inhibitors as first-line therapy, were identified using database searches. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the efficacy and safety of the included first-line treatments. Results Nine trials with 2,407 patients were included for analyses. Lorlatinib was better than brigatinib for progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.63, 0.98). In subgroup analyses, lorlatinib exhibited the highest probability of best PFS ranking in patients with or without baseline brain metastases (38% and 80%, respectively); brigatinib had the highest probability of best PFS ranking among Asian patients (47%). Alectinib offered the highest survival advantage (57% probability), while lorlatinib was likely to be the best treatment for an objective response (41% probability). Alectinib displayed the highest probability of being ranked lowest for grade ≥3 adverse events (86%). Conclusions Lorlatinib was associated with the best PFS overall, and was suitable for patients with or without brain metastases. Brigatinib was associated with the best PFS in Asian patients.
Teaching Income Inequality with Data-Driven Visualization
Authors: Truong Sang T. , Barreto Humberto 
Published: November 2022

The distribution of household income is a central concern in economics due to its strong influence on society’s well-being and social cohesion. Yet, non-expert audiences face serious obstacles in understanding conventional measures of inequality. To effectively communicate the extent of income inequality in the United States, we have developed a novel technique for visualizing income distribution and its dispersion over time by using U.S. household income microdata from the Current Population Survey. The result is a striking dynamic animation of income distribution over time, drawing public attention, and encouraging further investigation of income inequality. Detailed implementation is available at github.com/sangttruong/incomevis . An interactive demonstration of our project is available at research.depauw.edu/econ/incomevis . JEL codes: A2, C1, D6, E6, I3
Performance evaluation of different micro vortex generators in controlling a flare-induced shock–boundary layer interaction
Authors: Nilavarasan Tamizhazhi Korkkai Vendan , Joshi Ganapati Narasimha , Misra Ajay , Manisankar Chidambaranathan , Verma Shashi Bhushan 
Published: November 2022

This study evaluates the ability of five micro vortex generator (MVG) geometries in attenuating the flow separation induced by an axisymmetric compression corner. Experimental and computational investigations were carried out at Mach 2 on a cone–cylinder–flare model, with a flow deflection angle of 24° at the cylinder/flare juncture. The MVG shapes considered were baseline ramp, trapezoidal ramp, split ramp, thick vanes and ramped vanes. A circumferential array of these MVGs having a device height (h) of 1.4 mm and an inter-device spacing of 10.5 mm (7.5 h) was introduced 50 mm upstream of the compression corner. Streamwise counter-rotating vortex pairs that originated from these devices created alternate bands of upwash and downwash regions in the incoming boundary layer, which resulted in suitable three-dimensional alterations of the separation region’s size. Furthermore, surface streamline visualizations showed that the vortices induced profound topological transformations in the separated flow structure. In the absence of MVGs, spectral analysis of the pressure signal obtained from the separation shock’s intermittent region revealed a relatively broadband dominant frequency range of 0.55 kHz–0.9 kHz. The MVGs did not cause any significant change in the dominant frequency, but made the bandwidth slightly narrower. Among the different MVG designs that were studied, the ramped vanes (RV) induced the most momentum augmentation in the near wall region and thereby caused the maximum downstream shift in the separation shock’s position.
Assessing Barriers to Advance Care Planning Engagement among Young Adults Using the Precaution Adoption Process Model
Authors: McAfee Colette A. , Cegelka Derek , Wagner-Greene Victoria R. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose Assess the stage of readiness and barriers to ACP engagement among young adults in the United States utilizing the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Methods A cross-sectional survey design was utilized to survey U.S. adults aged 18–35 through an online marketplace workforce (N = 414). Results Most (94.7%) had not engaged in comprehensive ACP. Young adults aged 18–29 reported higher perceived barriers scores to complete ACP than those aged 30–35. The perceived barriers score was significantly associated with stage of readiness for ACP ( p = .004); those who were unaware (stage 1) or did not want to engage in ACP (stage 4) reported more barriers to ACP engagement. Conclusion The PAPM is a useful framework for assessing barriers and tailoring programs for ACP engagement. Future research should further assess barriers for young adults to engage in ACP, particularly relating to stages of readiness.
The processing of English prefixed and suffixed words by Chinese-English bilinguals
Authors: Gu Lei 
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study had two specific research goals. First, it investigated the relative importance of meaning and form in bilingual morphological processing of English prefixed and suffixed words. Second, it probed how target language proficiency and morphological type moderated bilingual morphological processing. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study implemented the masked morphological priming paradigm that administered three prime types (Transparent, Opaque, and Form) from two morphological types (prefix and suffix) to three Chinese-English bilingual groups (advanced, intermediate, and lower-intermediate). The critical stimuli included the Transparent (e.g., visualize-VISUAL; disagreement-DISAGREE), the Opaque (e.g., vanity-VAN; submission-MISSION), and the Form (e.g., example-EXAM; apparent-PARENT) English words. Data and Analysis: A total of 120 Chinese-English bilinguals representing three levels of distinct English competence participated in a masked priming lexical decision experiment. Direct comparisons were made using the linear mixed-effects models on bilingual groups’ priming effects from the Transparent, the Opaque, and the Form conditions of both English prefixed and suffixed words. Findings/Conclusion: The results exhibited that compared to suffixed words Chinese-English bilinguals altogether were less sensitive to the internal structure of prefixed words. The results presented that target language proficiency and morphological type moderated bilingual morphological processing, with the advanced Chinese-English bilinguals approximating previous native English speakers in processing English suffixed words. Originality: This study compared the priming effects from the Transparent, the Opaque, and the Form conditions of both English prefixed and suffixed words among three Chinese-English bilingual groups with distinct English competence. This study therefore should be the first empirical study that simultaneously evaluates the effects of target language proficiency and morphological type on bilingual morphological processing of prefixed and suffixed words. Significance/Implications: The present results indicate that target language proficiency and morphological type interact to impact bilingual morphological processing. Besides, this study provides important methodological and statistical implications for future studies.
Mechanical evaluation on BFRP laminated bamboo lumber columns under eccentric compression
Authors: Jian Bingyu , Li Haitao , Zhou Ke , Ashraf Mahmud , Xiong Zhenhua , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2022

Bamboo has been studied and utilized quite significantly in recent years because of its advantages such as short growth period, good appearance, environmental protection and superior mechanical properties. Bamboo is processed into profiles to address inherent issues with size limitation and self-defects and use of BFRP can enhance the mechanical properties of bamboo for widespread application. In this paper, the mechanical properties of BFRP strengthened chamfered laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) columns with four eccentricity e0 of 30 mm, 60 mm, 90 mm, and 120 mm were tested. The strengthening effect of BFRP on the performance of LBL columns subjected to eccentric loading was compared with the specimens without any reinforcement. Several analytical models to capture the mechanical performance of BFRP reinforced LBL columns with different eccentricities have been proposed in the current study.
Making the transition from student to newly qualified vascular sonographer: An exploration of the domains of professionalism
Authors: Hill Samantha , White Alison 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Rapid increases in the utility of vascular ultrasound combined with increasing expectations from reporting physicians have required a shift to a more defined professional role for the vascular sonographer in Australia. This has created increasing pressure on newly qualified sonographers to be more job-ready and better able to navigate the challenges of the clinical workplace early in their career. Topic Description: There is a distinct lack of structured strategies that newly qualified sonographers can utilise to assist their transition from student to employee. In our paper, we aimed to answer the question of ‘What makes a sonographer a Professional?’ with the view to extending understanding of how a structured framework can assist the development of a professional identity and can encourage participating in Continuing Professional Development by the newly qualified sonographer. Discussion: The authors reviewed their own clinical experiences and the current literature to source tangible and practical strategies that can be easily enacted by newly qualified sonographers to motivate their continuing growth. Through this review, the ‘Domains of Professionalism in the role of the sonographer’ framework was developed. In this framework, we describe the various domains of professionalism and their associated dimensions, making it specific to the discipline of sonography and to the point of view of a newly qualified sonographer. Conclusion: Our paper contributes to the discussion on Continuing Professional Development using a purposeful and targeted approach to support newly qualified sonographers across all discipline areas of ultrasound specialisation to navigate the often challenging pathway to becoming a professional.
Venous Thromboembolism in Foot and Ankle Surgery: How Common is It?
Authors: Martinazzi Brandon J. , Nam Hannah , Mansfield Kirsten N. , Dopke Kelly , Ptasinski Anna , Kirchner Gregory , Manto Kristen , Aynardi Michael C. 
Published: November 2022

Category: Other; Ankle; Ankle Arthritis; Bunion; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a feared complication following orthopaedic surgery. The limited research exploring the rate of VTE following different types of foot and ankle surgery makes it difficult to establish clear guidelines for prescribing VTE prophylaxis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the rate of VTE in patients undergoing various types of foot and ankle procedures. Methods: A large online retrospective database that utilizes ICD and CTP codes was queried to determine the rate of VTE that occurred within 1-month of surgery in common foot and ankle procedures. Surgeries investigated included: Arthrodesis, Total Ankle Arthroplasty, Bunionectomy, Hammer Toe Correction, Watson-Jones, and Achilles repair. Only patients that did not receive postoperative anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents were included in the analysis. Demographic data was also collected. Results: From 2011 to 2022, 27,872 patients underwent Arthrodesis, 1,513 had a Total Ankle Arthroplasty, 31,808 had a Bunionectomy, 26,828 had Hammer Toe correction, 7,545 had a Watson-Jones procedure, and 8,770 had an Achilles repair. Of these procedures, Achilles repair had the highest rate of postoperative VTE (1.32%), followed by Watson-Jones (1.21%), Arthrodesis (0.89%), Ankle Arthroplasty (0.86%), Hammer Toe (0.76%) and Bunionectomy (0.65%). The overall rate of VTE in all procedures was found to be 0.84% (880/104,336). Conclusion: Venous thromboembolism is a serious complication following foot and ankle surgery. The unknown incidence of VTE in common foot and ankle surgeries may contribute to the lack of clear guidelines for prescribing VTE prophylaxis. This study helps to define rates of VTE in patients not receiving prophylaxis that underwent Arthrodesis, Ankle Arthroplasty, Bunionectomy, Hammer Toe, Watson-Jones, and Achilles repair. More studies are needed to help establish clear guidelines for foot and ankle surgeons to follow.
Rate of COVID-19 Infection and 30 Day Mortality Between Blue and Green (Dedicated COVID-19 Safe) Pathways: Results From the UK Foot and Ankle COVID-19 National-Audit
Authors: Mason Lyndon W. , Mangwani Jitendra , Malhotra Karan , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy 
Published: November 2022

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Objectives: The primary aim was to determine the differences in COVID-19 infection rate and 30-day mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery between different treatment pathways over the two phases of the UK- FALCON audit, spanning the first and second national lockdowns. Methods: Setting: This was an ambispective (retrospective Phase 1 and prospective Phase 2) national audit of foot and ankle procedures in the UK in 2020 completed between 13th January 2020 and 30th November 2020.Participants: All adult patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery in an operating theatre during the study period were included from 46 participating centres in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Patients were categorised as either a green pathway (designated COVID-19 free) or blue pathway (no protocols to prevent COVID-19 infection). Results: 10,846 patients were included, 6,644 from phase 1 and 4,202 from phase 2. Over the 2 phases the infection rate on a blue pathway was 1.07% (69/6,470) and 0.21% on a green pathway (9/4,280). In phase 1, there was no significant difference in the COVID-19 perioperative infection rate between the blue and green pathways in any element of the first phase (pre-lockdown (p=.109), lockdown (p=.923) or post-lockdown (p=.577)). However, in phase 2 there was a significant reduction in perioperative infection rate when using the green pathway in both the pre-lockdown (p<.001) and lockdown periods (Odd's Ratio 0.077, p<.001). There was no significant difference in COVID-19 related mortality between pathways. Conclusion: There was a five-fold reduction in the perioperative COVID-19 infection rate when using designated COVID-19 green pathways over the whole study period; however the success of the pathways only became significant in phase 2 of the study, where there was a 13-fold reduction in infection rate. The study shows a developing success to using green pathways in reducing the risk to patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.
Interference Screw vs Suture Button Fixation for Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer to Lateral Cuneiform: A Biomechanical Analysis with Implications for Clubfoot Treatment
Authors: Meyer Zachary , Polk Jordan L. , Zide Jacob R. , Kanaan Yassine , Riccio Anthony 
Published: November 2022

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: While transfer of the tibialis anterior tendon (TAT) to the lateral cuneiform (LC) following serial casting has been used for over 60 years to treat relapsed clubfoot deformity, modern methods of tendon fixation remain largely unstudied. Though interference screw fixation has the potential of obviate concerns of pressure necrosis and proper tendon tensioning associated with plantar button suspensory stabilization, a better understanding of LC morphology in young children is a necessary first step in assessing the viability of this fixation technique. The purpose of this investigation is therefore to define LC morphology in children aged 3-6 years. Methods: A retrospective radiographic review of 40 healthy pediatric feet aged 3-6 years who had either MRI or CT scans was performed at a single pediatric hospital. The length, width, and height of only the ossified portion of the LC were measured digitally using sagittal, coronal, and axial imaging. In addition, the maximal cross-sectional diameter of the TAT was measured at the level of the tibiotalar joint. Results: Average ossified LC width ranged from 8.5mm in the 3-year-old cohort to 10.3mm in 6-year-old children. While the average width increased with each year of age, ANOVA testing revealed no statistically significant difference in width between age groups (p=0.091). Average ossified LC length ranged from 13.5mm in the 3-year-old cohort to 18.3mm in 6-year-old children with statistically significant increases in all age groups separated by two or more years (p=0.017). the TAT to ossified LC width ratio ranged from 44% to 53% across age groups. (table 1). Conclusion: The dimensions of the LC ossification center are large enough to allow interference screw fixation in children 3 to 6 years of age.
3-Year Follow-Up of Arthroscopic Debridement and Interposition with Acellular Allograft Dermal Matrix for Ankle Arthritis with Anterior Impingement
Authors: Miller Roslyn 
Published: November 2022

Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle; Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Early ankle arthritis can present with pain and anterior impingement. Younger, active patients who have exhausted conservative treatment have two options; ankle arthrodesis or ankle arthroplasty. Both are major procedures that have pros and cons. Revision surgery for both of these procedures is a major undertaking. Therefore, fit active patients who are under 65, may benefit from a less invasive procedure of anterior ankle arthroscopy and debridement. There is a risk, however that debridement alone, may inadvertently lead to the acceleration of joint degeneration. Thus the arthroscopic insertion of an acellular allograft dermal matrix acts as a 'cushion' to the joint surface and 'buy some time' for the patient to delay major surgery while having a reduction in their symptoms of pain and stiffness. Methods: Patients had surgery performed as a day case under general anaesthetic and tourniquet. No joint distraction was used. Two anterior portals were utilised; anetermedial and anterolateral. A 4mm arthroscope was used to visualise the joint surface. A arthroscopic shave and burr were used to remove any scar soft tissue and tibial and talar osteophytes. Any lateral ankle instability of the ATFL ligament, confirmed, clinically and with MRI imaging, was addressed with stabilisation using arthroscopic placement of an augmented stabilization with synthetic brace. A piece of acellular allograft dermal matrix was cut to size and place through one of the anterior portals onto the joint surface of the talus. The allograft was held in place with tisseal glue. Post-operatively the patient was place in a moonboot which was worn day and night for two weeks, then day only for a further two weeks, non weight- bearing. Three months of physiotherapy followed. Results: The majority of patients had an improvement in their range of motion. Most had reduction in their symptoms of pain. Patients who were less active appeared to have a longer duration of benefit versus those who were keen to return to full activity as quickly as possible. There was no incidence of infection or septic arthritis. One allograft tranlated anteriorly out of the joint space, resulting in a degree of impingement. Patients who wanted to consider further surgery presented on average two to three years after the index procedure. Conclusion: Anterior ankle arthroscopy with arthroscopic debridement of osteophytes and acellular allograft dermal matrix interposition, is a more minor procedure than ankle arthrodesis or ankle arthroplasty. This provides patients with an alternative to major surgery at a time in their lives where they wish to delay major intervention. The most challenging aspect of the procedure is inserting the acellular allograft dermal matrix through a small anterior portal and inserting it into the joint surface.