bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress of the High-Current EBIS Charge Breeder for the FRIB
Authors: Son Hyock-Jun , Lapierre Alain , Villari Antonio C.C. , Henriques Ana , Supangco Charisse , Knowles Cody , Crisp Daniel , Nash Samuel , Beebe Edward N 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ReA post-accelerator of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory employs an Electron-Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) as a charge breeder to reaccelerate rare-isotope beams to several MeV/u. The Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams (FRIB) is near completion and will provide RIB rates expected to exceed in some cases 1010 particles/s. The ReA EBIT operates with an electron current of 300 – 600 mA, corresponding to an electron current density of 170 – 340 A/cm2 and a maximum trap capacity of 1010 elementary charges, which can be insufficient to handle high FRIB rates. A High-Current Electron-Beam Ion Source (HCEBIS) has been constructed based on the backbones of the TEST EBIS from the Brookhaven National Laboratory. By using a 4-A electron beam, a current density of 298 A/cm2 and a maximum trap capacity of 2.4×10n elementary charges can be achieved. This paper presents the status of the HCEBIS. It also includes results of electron- and ion-beam simulations and discusses electron-beam commissioning plans.
A picosecond laser-based ion source for injection into a high capacity EBIS in both accumulation and single pulsed modes
Authors: Kondrashev S. , Beebe E , Kanesue T. , Okamura M. , Scott R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ps-lasers have advantages for generation of low charge state ions compared to ns-lasers because the influence of heat conductivity on a solid target is negligible in the case of ps-laser ablation for laser pulse durations shorter than 10 ps. By using a laser with high rep-rate, it is possible to produce quasi continuous 1+ ion beams for periods up to tens of milliseconds, making it possible to take advantage of the ability of the EBIS to trap 1+ ions in accumulation injection mode. We studied the properties of Al, Ti, Cu, Nb, and Ta plasmas generated by a ps-laser with 1.27 mJ energy within an 8 ps pulse to investigate feasibility and specify parameters of a laser ion source for RHIC EBIS using accumulation injection mode. It is shown that a both accumulation and single pulsed injection modes are accessible with a single ion source geometry and single injection line, providing the most attractive option for an ion source for external injection into RHIC EBIS trap based on a ps-laser.
CANREB EBIS commissioning at TRIUMF
Authors: Schultz B.E. , Charles C.R.J. , Cavenaile M. , Kanungo R. , Ames F. , Kester O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Canadian Rare Isotope facility with Electron Beam ion source (CANREB) is an essential part of the Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) presently under construction at TRIUMF. CANREB was recently commissioned and can accept stable or rare isotope beams from a variety of ion sources, delivering high purity beams of highly charged ions (HCI) to experiments. The injected beams are bunched using a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher and energy adjusted using a pulsed drift tube for injection into the electron beam ion source (EBIS) charge state breeder. The EBIS is designed for a maximum electron beam current of 500 mA and a maximum magnetic field of 6 T. Ions with energies up to 14 keV can be injected and HCI with mass-to-charge (A/q) ratios 3 ⩽ A/q ⩽ 7 can be charge bred and extracted. The HCI are A/q-selected using a Nier-type spectrometer before being transported to the ISAC linac for post-acceleration. Results from CANREB beam commissioning with focus on the EBIS will be presented.
Beam Formation Studies on the CERN IS03b H Source
Authors: Lettry J , Vnuchenko A , Bertolo S , Mastrostefano C , O’Neil M , di Lorenzo F , Coutron Y , Steyeart D , Riffaud B , Thiboud J , Guida R , Kapusniak K , Charvet C , Teissandier B , Moyret P , Roncarolo F , Bart Pedersen S , Duraffourg M , Vuitton C , Fantz U , Mochalskyy S , Wunderlich D , Lindqvist M , den Harder N , Mimo A , Briefi S , Hurlbatt A , Kalvas T , Minea T , Revel A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An H- ion source is being operated at the new 160 MeV linear injector (Linac4) of the CERN accelerator complex. The source’s plasma is of the Radio Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasma type (RF-ICP), without magnetic cusp and runs with Cs-loss compensation [1]. Vertical downward oriented filter- and electron dump-dipolar magnetic fields expand over the plasma chamber, beam-formation, beam-extraction and electron dump regions and generate horizontal asymmetry and beam angular deflection partially compensated by mechanical alignment of the front-end. The H- beam is generated via volume and caesiated plasma surface modes, the latter inducing a radial asymmetry characterized by an increased current density close to the plasma electrode surface [2]. Asymmetries affecting the meniscus shape, or its current density have to be simulated via 3D Particle In Cell Monte Carlo (PIC-MC) solvers, such as the Orsay Negative Ion eXtraction code (ONIX) [3]. Validation of these simulations require dedicated measurements. This contribution describes experimental methods newly implemented at CERN’s ion source test stand and initial results for Optical and Beam Emission Spectroscopy (OES, BES), emittance and beam profile measurements. In a later stage, the gathered data sets can be compared to source plasma parameters and extracted beam parameters from PIC-MC simulations, once coupled to the Ion Beam Simulation (IBSimu) [4] beam transport code. The experimental parameter space includes RF-power, density of neutrals, position of the RF coil and extraction field. Beams of H-, D- and protons were produced; examples of measured data are presented in this contribution.
Application of Thomson scattering system toward direct measurement of extraction surface of the negative ion beam
Authors: Hiratsuka J , Tomita K , Kashiwagi M , Kojima A , Saquilayan G Q , Kaihori T , Ichikawa M , Kisaki M , Tobari H , Watanabe K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As a challenge to measure the extraction surface of the negative ion beam, a laser Thomson scattering system with high spatial resolution was applied to a weakly ionized plasma in a negative ion source for the first time. The first target was to measure electron density around extraction region because shape of the extraction surface can be estimated by electron spatial profile. However, stray light by injected laser, filament and plasma was too intense compared to signal from the low density region. To solve this, a triple grating spectroscopy and a multilayer black screen were introduced, and the laser spot size was minimized to reduce slit sizes of the spectroscopy. As a result, electron density was successfully measured accurately in low density region. From an error estimation, measurement of electron density 3 × 1016 m-3 with spatial resolution of 0.5 mm at extraction region can be realized with accumulation of signals from multiple laser shots. This system can contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of formation of the extraction surface, which is a long-term issue in the negative ion source.
ITER-HNB plasma and extraction grids in BUG: Characterization of magnetic deflection correction
Authors: Harder Niek den , Hurlbatt Andrew , Wimmer Christian , Orozco Guillermo , Nocentini Riccardo , Fröschle Markus , Heinemann Bernd , Fantz Ursel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The BATMAN Upgrade test facility aims to extract H-/D- at high current densities. The inevitably co-extracted electrons are deflected out of the beamlet by permanent magnets before acceleration. These magnets induce a row-wise zig-zag deflection of the beamlets. In the new MITICA-like extraction system, this deflection is compensated by additional deflection correction magnets. IBSimu modeling studies indicate that the deflection correction system not only acts on the horizontal beamlet deflection, but also causes aberrations to the vertical angular distribution. Dependencies of the beamlet position and size are studied in several parameter scans with the available diagnostic tools (CFC tile calorimetry, Beam Emission Spectroscopy). The horizontal beamlet deflection is robustly compensated within the systematic uncertainty of the experiment. The triangular beamlet shape predicted on basis of the magnetic field structure is visible in the CFC calorimetry.
nuCARIBU : An upgrade for the CARIBU facility at the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System
Authors: McLain J. , Dickerson C. A. , Gott M. , Greene J. , Nolen J. , Savard G. , Song J. , Vondrasek R. C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) facility is changing the mechanism for creating neutron-rich fission products. Spontaneous fission from a 252Cf source has provided beams to support the low energy and accelerated-beams ATLAS programs. 252Cf has a 2.65-year half-life, requiring the source to be replaced every three years to maintain high beam intensities. Fabricating an appropriately thin 252Cf source to efficiently release the fission products has been challenging. The solution to these problems is nuCARIBU, a new system that provides neutron-induced fission on actinide foils. The Best Cyclotron B6P System (6-MeV proton beam at 0.5mA) is chosen, utilizing a multi-cusp negative ion source extracting into a cyclotron, which uses carbon foils to strip the H- ions to protons. These protons are delivered to a 7Li target to produce neutrons. The fast neutrons are moderated to thermal energies to induce fission in an actinide foil, providing neutron-rich fission products. These subsystems are described in detail along with comparisons between the current CARIBU facility and the presented nuCARIBU facility.
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
Design and thermal simulations towards a high intensity radioactive ion source for ISOL@MYRRHA
Authors: Hurier Sophie , Rijpstra Kim , Creemers Philip , Ramos João Pedro , Popescu Lucia , Cocolios Thomas Elias 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
MYRRHA will be the world’s first large-scale Accelerator Driven System project at power levels scalable to industrial systems. ISOL@MYRRHA will produce Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) using the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique, with increased isotope production by high intensity primary beams over a long period while maintaining a high-quality RIB. Higher atom flux produced prevalently affects the ISOL ion source. A surface ion source is chosen as a first source because of its reliability and simple design. To understand the hot cavity’s behaviour, finite element thermal-electric simulations were performed. To start, a heating system study with experimental results from the SPES project was reproduced. This concept was then modified by: electrically insulating the source from its support, adding a feedthrough, transforming a passive thermal screen into an active part. With this heating system upgrade, the ion source temperature profile can be adjusted, especially at its exit part where high temperature is expected to play a crucial role in ion production and extraction.
Improvement of the FEBIAD ion source at SPIRAL1
Authors: Bosquet V. , Jardin P. , Chauveau P. , Damoy S. , Delahaye P. , Dubois M. , Hormigos S. , Maunoury L. , Michel C. , Thomas J.C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The behaviour of the Forced Electron Beam Induced Arc Discharge (FEBIAD) ion source used at GANIL within the Target Ion Source System (TISS) of the “Système de Production d’Ions Radioactifs Accélérés en Ligne” (SPIRAL1) has been recently investigated to improve its performances and render them reproducible. Off line systematic studies of the evolution of working parameters (cathode shape, cathode heating, anode current) with time and temperature configuration have clearly shown the origin of issues was mainly related to an excessive temperature of the anode insulators. Modifications of the TISS have allowed the reduction of the anode current drift and an ionisation efficiency of 40Ar of 15%, stable over more than eight days. The system is still under improvement to stabilize its Ar ionization efficiency to 25%, which is the maximum observed during testing.
A Low Energy H- Beamline for the ALPHA Antihydrogen Experiment
Authors: Bertsche W. A. , Faircloth D. , Johnson M. A. , Kalvas T. , Lawrie S. , Tarvainen O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The CERN ALPHA experiment makes precision measurements of antihydrogen atoms, confined in a superconducting magnetic minimum trap. Recent measurements of the antihydrogen spectrum have already provided high-resolution tests of fundamental symmetries, and ALPHA has now embarked on an ambitious upgrade programme aimed at directly comparing hydrogen and antihydrogen within their existing atom trap. One aspect of this upgrade will be the development of a low-energy (50 eV) hydrogen ion source that is compatible with ALPHA’s existing magnetic charged particle beamlines. PELLIS, previously developed at JYFL, is a 5 keV filament-driven source that generates H- beams with low emittances and currents of up to 50 μA. Here, we explore the feasibility of a proposed electrostatic beamline design to transport H- ions from a PELLIS-type ion source into ALPHA’s various particle traps. We present SIMION simulations that were used to develop the beamline, focusing on components such as a quadrupole switchyard and drift tube deceleration stage.
Comparative study on biomass treatment equipment based on dry anaerobic fermentation and direct combustion treatment
Authors: Huang Yixin , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Biomass energy has great application potential, but direct combustion of biomass not only has low utilization rate, but also is easy to produce secondary pollution. In order to make better use of biomass, through the application of biomass fermentation equipment of dry anaerobic fermentation technology, this paper carries out simulated fermentation experiments, compares the results of direct combustion treatment, draws the conclusion that the technical and economic effect of fermentation treatment is more advantageous, and points out that the treatment mode of biomass treatment should be reasonably selected for efficient and convenient treatment in the future
Wind Power System for Grid-connection Based on PMSG and PI Controlling under Variable Wind Speed
Authors: Liu Hengchao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wind power is an important part of sustainable energy development and plays a pivotal role in the background of the ‘Dual Carbon’ goal. In this paper, a wind power grid-connected model based on Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator(PMSG) is proposed. The pitch angle of the wind turbine and the waveform of the grid-side currents are controlled by the PI controller in order to realize the tracking of the power frequency and phase of the grid voltages, and eventually achieve the purpose of grid-connection. By utilizing MATLAB/Simulink, the simulation results reveal that the final output currents’ frequency and phase meet the requirements of grid-connection, and the Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) of the current waveform is less than 2%, which represents a high power quality. It can provide reference for efficient and convenient grid-connection of wind power generation.
Application of flow battery energy storage system at the end of rural power grid
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Xin , Mei Kuang , Zhang Kejie , Yao Jun , Zhang Aifang , Cai Wei , Du Tao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mobile energy storage power station based on the all vanadium flow battery has many advantages such as flexible layout, adjustable power capacity and high application efficiency. It can achieve effective support for active and reactive power at the end of the rural power grid and voltage and frequency regulation, and comprehensively improve the power supply capacity and quality of the end of the rural power grid. In order to select suitable application demonstration points to verify the above functions, a survey was conducted on the low voltage at the end of the rural power grid. Based on the experience of local staff and the comprehensive geographic factors of local monitoring system data, the end of a certain rural power grid was selected as the pilot area. The capacity of the transformer in the distribution station area was 50kW to supply power to approximately 50 households. The 50kW/100kWh all vanadium redox flow battery was selected as the energy storage system.
Optical Efficiency Analysis of Primary Mirror in LFR-CSP
Authors: Lv Hongwei , Chen Kang , Chen Pengfei , Wang Xiao , Wen Long 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The linear Fresnel solar thermal power generation system is one of the most representative forms of solar thermal power generation system at present. The primary mirror, as the main mirror, plays a key role in the photothermic conversion process of the collector tube. In this paper, the solar position and the optical efficiency of the primary mirror in LFR-CSP are modeled and analyzed. The light reflection process of primary mirror by solar position through four dimensions of solar declination angle, solar time angle, altitude angle and azimuth angle is studied, and the distribution law of solar position parameters in different seasons and different times throughout the year is analyzed. It is found that the variation range of chord efficiency of a single mirror element in the whole day is 75 %-93 %. The position of a mirror element in winter solstice has the greatest impact on the end loss of more than 1 %, but the summer solstice has no effect.
Research on influence of the unilateral surge chamber about the main surge chamber
Authors: Chu Shanpeng , He Wei , Qu Xingquan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The hydropower station diversion tunnel is long. When the upstream water level is low, the minimum upsurge of the surge chamber is likely to be lower than its bottom, which may cause dangerous conditions such as liquid column separation. In order to solve the problem, an engineering measure that an unilateral surge chamber is set up near the main surge chamber was proposed in this paper. Its effect was analyzed. Based on establishment of mathematical model, the transition process of hydropower station water conveyance system was numerically simulated. The influence of different diameter, injection flow rate and position on minimum upsurge was researched. The results showed that increasing diameter and position of unilateral surge chamber has little effect on rising of minimum upsurge, but increasing injection flow rate of unilateral surge chamber has great effect on it. The study provides references for engineering design.
Fuzzy Proportional-Derivative Based Robot Arm Control for Object Transfer
Authors: Chen Shouyan , Yu Huaxin , Tan Zhifeng , Huang Junfeng , Zhou Danting , Li Haozhuo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the development of robot technology, humanoid robot and human-robot interaction are gradually playing a more and more important role in our society. At present, the arm control of humanoid intelligent robot has become one of the hot research issues in the field of robot. This paper proposes a fuzzy based NAO robot hand control method to reduce the vibration and increase position accuracy during object transferring between NAO robot and human. The 5-DOF kinematics model of NAO robot right arm is first established. Motion path of the NAO robot arm during human-robot interaction is planned and conducted in Matlab and reality. The impact of control period, joint speed and trajectory error on vibration is observed and discussed. Based on the discussion, the fuzzy-PD control method is proposed. Experiments result indicates that the proposed Fuzzy-PD control method can reduce vibration and trajectory error, which can benefit the smooth motion control process of the NAO robot arm receiving objects in the process of human-robot interaction.
DC-link Voltage Equalization and Output Voltage Stabilization Control of the Medium Voltage High Power Cascaded Converter Source
Authors: Zhu Peng , Liu Baolong , Qiao Mingzhong , Wei Yongqing , Fe Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, H-bridge cascaded converter is widely adopted in the field of ship’s shore power supply in ports and quays, new energy grid connection, et al. This paper focuses on the design and key technology of cascaded inverter. According to the design requirements of medium voltage shore power supply, the main circuit voltage, current and other parameters were calculated firstly, and overall design scheme of cascaded H-bridge type converter power supply is designed. And then the specific realization process of the carrier phase-shifted control of each H-bridge module in the cascaded connection converter was analyzed. To solve the problems of unequal capacitor voltages and unstable output voltages caused by power grid fluctuation and variable load, the DC-link voltages equalization and output voltages stabilization control method of the converter power supply without output voltage sensors was proposed. Furthermore, a sliding window iterative DFT algorithm was used to detect current feedback rapidly. Based on the design parameters, the system simulation was built, and the principle prototype was completed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are compared to verify the design and control method. And the results indicate that the system design scheme proposed in this paper can basically meet the requirements of design indexes, and realize the control of DC-link voltage equalization and output voltage stabilization at the same time. All those certify the control method is correct and effective.
Readout electronics for the CMS Phase II Endcap Calorimeter: system overview and prototyping experience
Authors: Strobbe N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The frontend readout system for the silicon section of the CMS Phase II Endcap Calorimeter faces unique challenges due to the high channel count and associated bandwidth, limited physical space, as well as radiation tolerance requirements. I will give an overview of the frontend electronics design and will discuss the recent experience obtained from the first test system that integrates the HGCROC2 readout ASIC, lpGBT, and VTRX+ in a realistic manner, linking together prototypes of the hexaboard, engine, and wagon boards.