bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Hypoxia‐Induced Ferroptosis Resistance via a19F/1H‐MRI Traceable Core‐Shell Nanostructure
Authors: Dong Zhe , Liang Peng , Guan Guoqiang , Yin Baoli , Wang Youjuan , Yue Renye , Zhang Xiaobing , Song Guosheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLipid peroxides accumulation induced ferroptosis is an effective cell death pathway for cancer therapy. However, the hypoxic condition of tumor microenvironment significantly suppresses the efficacy of ferroptosis. Here, we design a novel nanoplatform to overcome hypoxia‐induced ferroptosis resistance. Specifically, we synthesize a novel kind of perfluorocarbon (PFOB)@manganese oxide (MnOx) core‐shell nanoparticles (PM‐CS NPs). Owing to the good carrier of O2as fuel, PM‐CS NPs can induce higher level of ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion, as well as lower activity of GPX4, compared with MnOx NPs alone. Moreover, the supplement of O2can relieve tumor hypoxia to break down the storage of intracellular lipid droplets and increase expression of ACSL4 (a symbol for ferroptosis sensitivity). Furthermore, upon stimulus of GSH or acidity, PM‐CS NPs exhibit the “turn on”19F‐MRI signal and activatable T1/T2‐MRI contrast for correlating with the release of Mn. Finally, PM‐CS NPs exert high cancer inhibition rate for ferroptosis based therapy via synergetic combination of O2‐mediated enhancement of key pathways of ferroptosis.
Apparent 6‐endo‐trig Carbofluorination of Alkenes Enabled by Palladium‐Based Dyotropic Rearrangement
Authors: Gong Jing , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlkene difunctionalization featuring an intramolecular carbometallation step has been developed into a powerful transformation in organic synthesis. The 5‐exo‐trig carbometallation is in general highly favored over the alternative 6‐endo‐trig cyclization. We report herein a formal 6‐endo‐trig carbofluorination protocol by combining the conventional 5‐exo‐trig carbopalladation with a chemoselective 1,2‐aryl/Pd dyotropic rearrangement. Treatment of 2‐(2‐alkylallyloxy)phenyl boronic acid derivatives in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(dba)2, 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine and Selectfluor affords chromanes with concurrent generation of a tertiary alkyl fluoride function. A σ‐alkyl‐PdII species resulting from the 5‐exo‐trig carbopalladation process is isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Its oxidation to PdIV complex triggers the chemoselective dyotropic rearrangement leading to the ring expansion product.
Catecholamine‐induced acute myocardial stunning after accidental intra‐operative noradrenaline bolus
Authors: Rémond C. , Leporati J. , Proeschel M. , Deroche E. , de la Brière F. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryWe report a case of catecholamine‐induced acute myocardial stunning that occurred in a six‐year‐old girl. This was triggered by an accidental noradrenaline injection during general anaesthesia for dental surgery. The clinical course was favourable, although cardiac enzymes and echocardiography were significantly altered. The child was discharged home on the second postoperative day, after complete clinical resolution. We emphasise the need to consider shortening the surgical procedure, and to closely monitor patients following a medication error involving vasopressors even in the absence of symptoms. We highlight the importance of a controlled process for storing, identifying, preparing, and handling medications. The identification of weaknesses in the overall process of drug prescription and administration is of utmost importance.
The Critically Endangered El Rincon stream frog: Population viability and management actions in Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Velasco Melina Alicia , Berkunsky Igor , Di Pietro Diego Omar , Arellano María Luz , Williams Jorge Daniel , Kacoliris Federico Pablo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The El Rincon stream frog (Pleurodema somuncurense) is a microendemic species currently restricted to the thermal headwaters of the Valcheta Stream in the Somuncura Plateau, Northern Patagonia, Argentina. This species is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The critical status of the El Rincon stream frog requires urgent management actions.
Population viability analysis is one of the most effective tools to predict extinction risk and assess the potential effect of management actions. It is also helpful in knowing the minimum viable population (MVP) and minimum area requirements (MAR). However, this tool is rarely used to model viability in endangered amphibians.
This work aimed to: (i) estimate the extinction risk of each local population of El Rincon stream frogs; (ii) estimate the MVP and MAR; and (iii) model reintroduction and supplementation of the population as management strategies for this species. Practical management actions are also suggested for each relict population.
Population viability analyses were developed in Vortex 10.3.5.0 to estimate each local population's extinction risk, MVP and MAR. Supplementation and reinforcement of individuals were also modelled for local populations that are below the MVP.
The estimated MVP was 430 individuals, while MAR reached 683 m2. Modelling of reintroducing individuals showed that a single reintroduction of at least 50 adults, 140 juveniles, or 1,000 tadpoles would be needed to achieve a viable population. Local populations below the MVP would benefit from supplementation of a pair of adult frogs every 17 to 20 years.
This study provides a fundamental basis for assessing and improving current management and planning future conservation strategies within the framework of the El Rincon stream frog action plan.
OP3‐4 peptide sustained‐release hydrogel inhibits osteoclast formation and promotes vascularization to promote bone regeneration in a rat femoral defect model
Authors: Luo Peng , Fang Jiarui , Yang Dazhi , Yu Lan , Chen Houqing , Jiang Changging , Guo Rui , Zhu Tao , Tang Shuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBone injury caused changes to surrounding tissues, leading to a large number of osteoclasts appeared to clear the damaged bone tissue before bone regeneration. However, overactive osteoclasts will inhibit bone formation. In this study, we prepared methacrylylated gelatin (GelMA)‐based hydrogel to co‐crosslink with OP3‐4 peptide, a receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) binding agent, to achieve the slow release of OP3‐4 peptide to inhibit the activation of osteoclasts, thus preventing the long‐term existence of osteoclasts from affecting bone regeneration, and promoting osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, CXCL9 secreted by osteoblasts will bind to endogenous VEGF and inhibit vascularization, finally hinder bone formation. Thus, anti‐CXCL9 antibodies (A‐CXCL9) were also loaded in the hydrogel to neutralize excess CXCL9. The hydrogel slow released of OP3‐4 cyclic peptide and A‐CXCL9 to simultaneously inhibiting osteoclast activation and promoting vascularization, thereby accelerating the healing of femur defect. Further analysis of osteogenic protein expression and signal pathways showed that the hydrogel may be through activating the AKT‐RUNX2‐ALP pathway and ultimately promote osteogenic differentiation. This dual‐acting hydrogel can effectively prevent nonunion caused by low vascularization and provide long‐term support for the treatment of bone injury.
Navigating peer relationships: What do friendships look like for children whose parents have mental illnesses?
Authors: Cudjoe Ebenezer , Chiu Marcus Y. L. , Tam Cherry H. L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeer support programmes among children whose parents have mental illnesses have rarely focused on how these children relate with peers in the general population. Therefore, this phenomenological study in Ghana involved interviews with 13 children (ages 10 to 17) living with parental mental illness to learn about their peer relationships. Data were analysed to identify the phenomenon's essential features and constituents. The study finds that peer relations entail secrecy, peer victimisation and abuse. To these children, keeping secrets about parental mental illness ensures they have ‘normal’ peer relationships like others, as troubled peer relationships can develop when peers are informed about the parents' mental illness. Name‐calling, teasing and withdrawal persists when peers are aware of one's parental mental illness. Although the children perceive that they may find comfort in children who are in a similar situation, the pros and cons of developing peer support out of these in‐groups have to be verified rather than assumed. It is recommended that helping professionals educate school children and address myths they have about mental illness and its impact on their relationships.
Minorize–maximize algorithm for the generalized odds rate model for clustered current status data
Authors: Wang Tong , He Kejun , Ma Wei , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Sinha Samiran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurrent status data are widely used in epidemiology and public health, where the only observable information is the random inspection time and the event status at inspection. This article presents a unified methodology to analyze such complex data subject to clustering. Given the random clustering effect, the time to event is assumed to follow a semiparametric generalized odds rate (GOR) model. The nonparametric component of the GOR model is approximated via penalized splines, with a set of knot points that increase with the sample size. The within‐subject correlation is accounted for by a random (frailty) effect. For estimation, a novel MM algorithm is developed that allows the separation of the parametric and nonparametric components of the model. This separation makes the problem conducive to applying the Newton–Raphson algorithm that quickly returns the roots. The work is accompanied by a complexity analysis of the algorithm, a rigorous asymptotic proof, and the related semiparametric efficiency of the proposed methodology. The finite sample performance of the proposed method is assessed via simulation studies. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is illustrated via real data analysis on periodontal disease studies accompanied by diagnostic checks to identify influential observations.
Causal inference for multiple treatments using fractional factorial designs
Authors: Pashley Nicole E. , Bind Marie‐Abèle C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe consider the design and analysis of multi‐factor experiments using fractional factorial and incomplete designs within the potential outcome framework. These designs are particularly useful when limited resources make running a full factorial design infeasible. We connect our design‐based methods to standard regression methods. We further motivate the usefulness of these designs in multi‐factor observational studies, where certain treatment combinations may be so rare that there are no measured outcomes in the observed data corresponding to them. Therefore, conceptualizing a hypothetical fractional factorial experiment instead of a full factorial experiment allows for appropriate analysis in those settings. We illustrate our approach using biomedical data from the 2003–2004 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine the effects of four common pesticides on body mass index.
An improved deep convolutional neural network for detecting plant leaf diseases
Authors: Arun Pandian J. , Kanchanadevi K. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThis research proposes a novel dense convolutional neural network with five dense blocks (5DB‐DenseConvNet) for the detection of plant leaf diseases. Five dense blocks and four transition layers were used to develop the 5DB‐DenseConvNet. The 5DB‐DenseConvNet was trained and tested using a plant leaf disease image dataset. Such advanced data augmentation techniques as color augmentations, geometric transformations, neural style transfer, principal component analysis, color augmentation, random erasing, and super‐resolution generative adversarial network were used to increase the dataset size. The dataset contains 97 diseased and healthy image classes of 21 plants and comprises 145,500 images of healthy and diseased plant leaves. The Bayesian searching technique was used to optimize the hyperparameter values of 5DB‐DenseConvNet. Compression factor was introduced in the transition layer to improve the compactness of the 5DB‐DenseConvNet. The 5DB‐DenseConvNet was trained on a graphics processing unit environment for 1000 epochs. The trained 5DB‐DenseConvNet performed at an average classification accuracy of 99.36% and at an average precision of 98.83% on the test dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance and reliability of the proposed 5DB‐DenseConvNet on plant disease detection are superior to prior transfer learning techniques.
RNA Chemical Labeling with Site‐Specific, Relative Quantification by Mass Spectrometry for the Structural Study of a Neomycin‐Sensing Riboswitch Aptamer Domain
Authors: Palasser Michael , Breuker Kathrin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution mass spectrometry was used for the label‐free, direct localization and relative quantification of CMC+‐modifications of a neomycin‐sensing riboswitch aptamer domain in the absence and presence of the aminoglycoside ligands neomycin B, ribostamycin, and paromomycin. The chemical probing and MS data for the free riboswitch show high exposure to solvent of the uridine nucleobases U7, U8, U13, U14, U18 as part of the proposed internal and apical loops, but those of U10 and U21 as part of the proposed internal loop were found to be far less exposed than expected. Thus, our data are in better agreement with the proposed secondary structure of the riboswitch in complexes with aminoglycosides than with that of free RNA. For the riboswitch in complexes with neomycin B, ribostamycin, and paromomycin, we found highly similar CMC+‐modification patterns and excellent agreement with previous NMR studies. Differences between the chemical probing and MS data in the absence and presence of the aminoglycoside ligands were quantitative rather than qualitative (i. e., the same nucleobases were labeled, but to different extents) and can be rationalized by stabilization of both the proposed bulge and the apical loop by aminoglycoside binding. Our study shows that chemical probing and mass spectrometry can provide important structural information and complement other techniques such as NMR spectroscopy.
Different configurations of transferred atmospheric pressure plasma jet and their application to polymer treatment
Authors: do Nascimento Fellype , Quade Antje , Canesqui Mara Adriana , Kostov Konstantin Georgiev 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe employment of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) in a large sort of applications is limited by the adversities related to the size of the treated area and the difficulty to reach the target. The use of devices that employ long tubes in their structure has contributed significantly to overcome these challenges. In this work, two different plasma systems employing the jet transfer technique are compared. The main difference between the two devices is how the long plastic tube was assembled. The first one uses a copper wire placed inside a long plastic tube. The other device has a metallic mesh installed in a concentric arrangement between two coaxial plastic tubes. As a result, the two APPJ systems exhibit different properties, with the wire assembly being more powerful, also presenting higher values for the electrical current and rotational temperature when compared to the mesh mounting. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that both configurations were capable of inserting O‐containing functional groups on the polypropylene (PP) surface. However, the transferred plasma jet with wire assembly was able to add more functional groups on the PP surface. The results from XPS analysis were corroborated with water contact angle measurements (WCA), being that lower WCA values were obtained when the PP surface presented higher amounts of O‐containing groups. Furthermore, the results suggest that the APPJ with wire configuration is more appropriate for material treatments, while the transferred jet with mesh arrangement tends to present lower electrical current values, being more suitable for biological applications.
Drought and coyotes mediate mesopredator response to human disturbance
Authors: Parren Molly K. , Furnas Brett J. , Barton Daniel C. , Nelson Misty D. , Clucas Barbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMesopredators in western North America are facing major changes to their ecosystems, including drought and the expansion of human disturbance. To balance resource needs and risk‐taking on the landscape, mesopredators are likely to shift their habitat use and interspecies interactions. As part of a large‐scale study to help evaluate responses of terrestrial wildlife to severe drought, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife surveyed mesopredator presence across 585 sites in the Mojave Desert (MD) and Central Valley (CV) ecoregions of California. This study spanned a drought year (2016) and a post‐drought year (2017), providing the opportunity to investigate how drought and interspecific interactions may mediate spatial patterns of mesopredator occurrence across a continuum of human disturbance levels. We used single‐season, single‐species, and conditional two‐species occupancy models to elucidate these relationships in both ecoregions. We examined the occupancy and detection of coyotes (Canis latrans) and smaller mesopredators, including bobcats (Lynx rufus) in both ecoregions, raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the CV, and desert kit foxes in the MD (Vulpes macrotis arsipus). The presence of coyotes influenced the detection probability of all other mesopredator species, and the influence of drought varied by species and ecoregion. Detection of mesopredators in the CV was typically higher in 2016, especially at low disturbance sites, suggesting species may have become more active during the drought to meet resource needs. However, detection of mesopredators in the MD tended to increase after the drought, suggesting a response to an increase in resources (e.g., prey). Coyotes in the MD became more detectable in high human disturbance in 2016 and less detectable in 2017, possibly increasing activity during the drought in human‐disturbed areas to obtain anthropogenic resources. Drought not only affects individual species and their relationships to human disturbance, but it can also influence their interspecies interactions and use of different landscape features.
Modular, multi‐barcode amplicon sequencing for improved species‐level detection of fungal phytopathogens: A case study of pipeline establishment targeting the Ophiostomatales
Authors: Trollip Conrad , Kaur Jatinder , Piper Alexander M. , Martoni Francesco , Mann Ross , Dinh Quang , Carnegie Angus J. , Rodoni Brendan , Edwards Jaqueline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent advances in the field of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding have produced a promising platform for early detection and broad‐spectrum monitoring of plant pests and pathogens. To date, the majority of fungal metabarcoding assays have relied upon universal primers amplifying segments of the ribosomal DNA, to ensure broad taxonomic coverage while studying changes in community composition, or more recently, to screen for presence/absence of target species. In a diagnostics framework however, single, universal molecular barcodes do not discriminate accurately enough for many groups of important fungal phytopathogens at the required species level. Here, a modular, multi‐barcode amplicon sequencing pipeline was established to provide rapid and reliable diagnostics targeting the Ophiostomatales, an order containing economically important phytopathogens vectored by bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae). Using compositionally varied mock communities, we evaluated five barcoding loci: ITS1, ITS2, the large ribosomal sub‐unit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF1α) and calmodulin (CAL), for their ability to provide species‐level resolution. The sensitivity and detection limit of the assay was established by spiking genomic DNA of the exotic Dutch elm disease pathogen, Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi Brasier, into both the controlled mock communities and eDNA sampled from Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) beetles collected in New South Wales, Australia. The TEF1α barcode successfully detected the Dutch elm pathogen DNA with 100% accuracy down to approx. 5 pg/μl, while the ITS1 barcode had a 100% accuracy down to approx. 0.4 pg/μl within a given sample. Our results demonstrate that a dual‐barcode approach targeting the ITS1 and TEF1α regions simultaneously is sufficient for accurate species level detection and characterisation of the Ophiostomatales and offers confident detection of low‐abundance taxa (relative read abundances of 0.1%–0.01%). Multi‐barcode metabarcoding provides a framework which can quickly and efficiently be adapted to new targets when establishing high throughput diagnostics for post‐border biosecurity surveillance of fungal phytopathogens.
Pd−X Bond Homolysis Dissociation Free Energy (BDFE) Scales of [(tmeda)Pd(4‐F−C6H4)X] (X=OR, NHAr) in DMSO
Authors: Wu Jun‐Yan , Yang Jin‐Dong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransition metal intermediates bearing M−X σ‐bonds are ubiquitous in metal‐mediated C−X bond transformations. Thermodynamic knowledge of M−X bond cleavage is crucial to explore relevant reactions; but little was accumulated till present due to lack of suitable determination methods. We here report the first systematic study of the Pd−X bond homolysis dissociation free energies [BDFE(Pd−X)] of representative [(tmeda)Pd(4‐F−C6H4)X] (tmeda=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine, X=OR or NHAr) in DMSO on the basis of reliable measurement of their bond heterolysis energies (ΔGhet(Pd−X)). Despite ΔGhet(Pd−O)s of palladium‐phenoxides are generally found about 8 kcal/mol smaller than ΔGhet(Pd−N)s of palladium‐amidos, their BDFE(Pd−X)s are observed comparable. The structure‐property relationship was investigated to disclose an enhancement effect of electron‐withdrawing groups on BDFE(Pd−X)s. Linear free energy relationship analysis revealed that Pd−X bonds are more sensitive than X−H bonds to structural variation. The energetic propensity of reductive elimination from arylpalladium complexes was evaluated by combinatorial use of BDFE(Pd−X)s and BDFE(C−X)s, indicating an overall thermodynamic bias to C−N bond formation.
Duplex dual‐labeled fluorescence probe‐based melting curve and endpoint genotyping assays for genotyping of rs2000999 and haptoglobin gene deletion
Authors: Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHaptoglobin (Hp) is a hemoglobin‐binding serum glycoprotein. Some variations in the Hp gene (HP) or Hp‐related gene (HPR), including a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in intron 2 of HRP, rs2000999, and a complete deletion of the HP gene (HPdel), one of the rare variants of HP, have been reported to correlate with the serum cholesterol concentration as well as the serum Hp concentration. In this study, we developed a duplex dual‐labeled fluorescence probe‐based method to simultaneously determine the rs2000999 G > A polymorphism by melting curve genotyping and the zygosity of HPdel by endpoint genotyping. This method was then validated by using the genomic DNA from 94 Japanese subjects for whom genotypes of rs2000999 and HPdel zygosity had already been determined. The results obtained with this method were in perfect agreement with the previous ones. Thus, the present method enables us to estimate these two polymorphisms in relatively large‐scale groups of subjects, especially in Asian populations where the HPdel is distributed.