bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual variation trend of hail days in hail prone areas in Xinjiang
Authors: Fan Hongyun , Wang Xi , Zhou Liping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hail causes significant agricultural losses in Xinjiang every year, and the study of interannual variation of hail days and its causes can provide a climatic background for hail warning and defense. This study analyzes the trends and abrupt changes in the interannual variability of hail days in the areas with frequent hail using linear trend analysis and abrupt climate change detection methods, and explains the climatic causes of these trends using atmospheric stability. The results show that areas with frequent hails in Xinjiang are located on both sides of the Tianshan Mountains and their adjacent areas, and area with the most to the fewest hail days are in the following order: Zhaosu and Bayinbruck on the Alpine Platform, Aksu region on the south side of the Tianshan Mountains, and Bortala and Kuy-Ma Basin on the north side of the Tianshan Mountains. The interannual variation of hail days in Aksu region, Bortala and Kuy-Ma Basin from 1961 - 2016 shows a linear increasing trend, but the increase is small, only 0.2 - 0.4 d per 10 a, which is contrary to the conclusion of previous studies where the number of hail days in the Chinese region showed a decreasing trend; whereas the Alpine Platforms shows a linear decreasing trend with a larger decrease of 2.5 d per 10 a. The annual number of hail days on the Alpine Platform changed abruptly in 1993 and in the Aksu region in 1978. The linear increase (decrease) in the interannual variation of the warm season modified total index leads to a linear increase (decrease) in the number of hail days on both sides of the Tianshan Mountains and on the Alpine Platform. The trend of interannual variation in the number of hail days in the hail-prone areas in Xinjiang depends on the altitude of the elevation, with a decreasing trend at higher elevations and an increasing trend at lower elevations.
Research on intelligent building greenhouse plant factory and “3-Positions and 1-Entity” development mode
Authors: Wang Xinfa , Zubko Vladislav , Onychko Viktor , Wu Zhenwei , Zhao Mingfu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
After continuous development and evolution, the plant growth greenhouse has developed from the original heat preservation and moisture film cover to the present multi-cross intelligent solar greenhouse, which has played an important social value in agricultural production. However, in terms of the form of the greenhouse, it has not kept pace with the pace of social development, far from meeting the needs of environmental protection, energy saving, stable, intelligent, long-term use. With the wide application of big data, artificial intelligence, block chain, Internet of Things, cloud computing and other intelligent technologies in agriculture, as well as the rapid development of soilless culture and artificial light of plant lighting technology, the intelligent building greenhouse based on modern building technology can not only completely get rid of geographical location and regional climate conditions, but also durable to achieve long-term use standards and facilitate the deployment of intelligent operation equipment, which will become a more advanced and high-end form of intelligent plant greenhouse. Therefore, this paper defines the concept of “building greenhouse” for the first time, preliminarily discusses the construction idea of “intelligent building greenhouse plant factory”, and puts forward the suggestion of “trinity” new development mode, in order to play a pioneer role. With the proposal of “intelligent building greenhouse plant factory”, we firmly believe that the intelligent building greenhouse plant factory will gradually gain social recognition and get rapid development under the promotion of the “trinity” development mode. It can be predicted that skyscrapers style “Intelligent building greenhouse plant factory” will be everywhere in the foreseeable future, no matter in the heart of the city and other extreme weather conditions desert, ruin. In the future, people living near plant factories will be able to breathe oxygen-rich air, eat clean vegetables from nearby plant factories, and enjoy a high-quality and healthy life brought by abundant fresh plant food. What’s more, the intelligent building greenhouse plant factory can better the environment of our earth to a certain extent, improve its carrying capacity, alleviate the food panic caused by outbreaks or disasters, local unrest to consolidate food security, intensive and efficient use of cultivated land resources, and rich people’s pursuit of healthy plant food raw materials.
Hydrogeological studies in the São Torcato Zone -Tabuaço with aim of optimizing the location of a special groundwater abstraction to plan a new Medical Spa in Portugal
Authors: Ferreira-Gomes L M , Machado Fonseca A M , Andrade Pais L J , Carvalho P E M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present work presents a case study, to evaluate the possibility that in an area of the territory of the interior of Portugal, there is potential for capturing special groundwater that allows its classification as natural mineral water for thermalism. In this sense, after an initial part, with the framing of the theme and the presentation of the work methodology, the geomorphological and geological elements are shown, giving more development to the hydrogeological aspects, highlighting the results of the monthly sequential hydrological balance, namely its annual surplus, crossing it with the groundwater sampling sites, and still, the existing aquifer systems and the characteristics of their waters are identified. As a main result, the conceptual geohydraulic model of the region is presented, to show that in the São Torcato zone, and particularly in the Qta do Plácido zone, there is the possibility of exploiting groundwater in an aquifer system of granitic rocks, from fissural type, which is supplied from relatively distant areas, in hydrographical basins other than São Torcato basin, provided relatively deep boreholes are to be drilled. Finally, the main conclusions are synthesized, pointing out the most favorable area to carry out groundwater abstraction with the potential to have stability and quality suitable for a medical spa. It should be noted that these elements are only previous studies, which should be considered as initial contributions, and that further work should be carried out in the future, including geophysical studies and mechanical drilling, flow tests, as well as, among others, isotopic studies in the waters of the region to assess the recharge areas and available reserves.
Estimation of forest carbon storage and carbon sink potential in Yunnan Province under the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”
Authors: Li Long , Fu Wei , Luo Mingcan , Chen Jiancheng , Li Zhongming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Through the accounting of forest carbon reserves and resource value in Yunnan Province, the future forest carbon reserves and carbon sink potential in Yunnan Province are predicted. Using the forest stock expansion method, the forest carbon reserves and their changes in Yunnan Province from 1973 to 2018 are calculated. The GM (1,1) grey prediction model predicts the forest carbon sequestration potential in Yunnan Province. The results show that: (1) the forest carbon storage in Yunnan Province increased from 485.43 million t in 1976 to 937.01 million t in 2018, an increase of 1.9 times, with an average annual growth of 10.50 million t. In 2018, the value of forest carbon reserves was 94062.92 million yuan. (2) The forest carbon sequestration in Yunnan Province varies significantly in different periods. Between 1973-1998 and 1999-2018, the average carbon sequestration was 6.22 million T / A and 16.36 million T / A respectively. (3) The predicted values of forest carbon reserves in 2023, 2028 and 2033 in Yunnan Province are 1001.41 million t, 1103.66 million t and 1216.34 million t respectively, with an average annual increase of carbon sequestration of 17.46 million T / A. According to the research results, the forest area and the carbon storage of forest resources of Yunnan Province is increasing. forest carbon sequestration in Yunnan Province has excellent development potential, and plays a more significant role in forestry carbon sequestration for the realization of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goal.
Analysis of the current situation and suggestion of countermeasures for international standardization for power grid industry of China
Authors: Zhang Cai , Huang Yuanping , Zhao Xiaoming , Cao Lan , Zhao Liming , Lou Chaoyan , Zhang Pengyue 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Facing the rapid development of China’s power industry, China actively participates in the formulation and revision of international standardization and promotes the internationalization of standards in the field of power grid. But at the same time, there are also some problems in the power grid industry, such as imperfect domestic organization and insufficient international recognition of standards. Through literature investigation and statistical analysis, starting with the current situation of standardization in China’s power grid industry, this paper discusses how to promote the establishment of better international technology and path of standards in China. Based on the discussion, promote the deep integration of standards and technology, actively carry out multi-party cooperation between industry, University and research, accelerate the cultivation of standardized talents, and realize the international cooperation of standards to a new level. Promote the research on the internationalization of standards in China’s power grid field, and make suggestions for the standardization development of China’s power grid industry, so as to promote China’s power grid industry and market to better respond to opportunities and challenges, and promote the improvement of China’s international influence and competitiveness in the power grid field.
Recognition and application of single sand-body in fluvial facies
Authors: He Yuhang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the ultra-high water cut stage, the remaining oil of Lasaxing oilfields in Daqing placanticline, shows the distribution characteristics of highly dispersed and locally enriched, and the remaining geological reserves are still mainly distributed in fluvial reservoirs. In order to search and excavate the remaining oil of thick reservoir, the fine description technology of fluvial reservoir under the condition of dense well pattern was studied, and the recognition technology of meandering river and braided river single sand body was formed, which deepened the understanding degree of channel sand reservoir heterogeneity. The main controlling factors of remaining oil are defined, and the distribution mode of remaining oil is established, which can effectively guide the design of horizontal wells at the top of thick reservoir and the adjustment and exploitation of in-layer remaining oil tapping.
Climatic changes inferred from the chroma and magnetic susceptibility of aeolian deposits in the Central Shandong Mountains over the penultimate interglacial period
Authors: Zhao Qiuyue , Zhang Xinqi , Sun Yanping , Liu Xiuying , Ge Tianyan , Liu Ning , Tang Anrui , Zhou Rui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Loess-palaeosol sediments document the climatic changes and provide a good basis for palaeoclimate reconstruction. Palaeoclimatic changes of the holocene and the last interglacial period have been widely studied, but the penultimate interglacial period has been studied scarcely. The Dongheishan (DHS) section in the western of Shandong Province (China) preserves a loess-palaeosol sequence that includes the penultimate interglacial period. The annual average temperature and precipitation are retrieved by chroma and magnetic susceptibility (MS) to reconstruct the palaeoclimatic variations since the penultimate interglacial period. The results indicate that the lightness valley values and the redness and yellowness peaks correspond to the peak MS values, which can consistently reflect climate changes; redness and MS correlated well with the annual average temperature and annual precipitation, respectively. The annual average temperature is 14.4 °C based on redness in the the penultimate interglacial palaeosol, indicating that the palaeoclimate was warmer during the penultimate interglacial period than at present. The annual average precipitation is 349 mm derived from magnetic susceptibility, showing that the magnetic susceptibility should be cautious of the inversion of precipitation in the Central Shandong Mountains (CSM) region.
Fractal analysis on the effective heat conductivity of unsaturated soil
Authors: Su Shunyu , Li Wenlanting 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Because of the complicated structure, the traditional Euclidean geometry is difficult to accurately describe the inner distribution of pore soil. According to the fractal laws of inner structure in porous media, a popular fractal capillary model was presented to study the three phase heat transfer in unsaturated soil. Considering the soil pore size and its tortuosity, by using the fractal method about pore size distribution and tortuosity to depict the scaling relationships, the aim of this paper is to derive the effective heat conductivity of unsaturated three phase soil. The predicting values show good agreement with the experimental values of literature while the saturation values of water are among 0.2 to 0.9. Major factors that influence the effective heat conductivity of unsaturated soil were analyzed. The heat transfer mechanism of unsaturated soil was also analyzed according to the results. The conclusions of this study could help promote the improvement of the design of buried pipe heat exchanger in unsaturated soil.
Characteristics of sedimentary system evolution and sequence stratigraphy boundary of Denglouku group in Xujiaweizi fault depression, Songliao Basin
Authors: Cui Kunning 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the previous studies on this area, the sequence division is relatively rough. This study has improved the precision, and the Denglouku formation is divided into 10 fourth-order sequences, with the thickness of each small layer of about 70-80m. The characteristics of each small sequence boundary are described, and three third-order, four fourth-order sequence flooding surfaces are found. The stratigraphic framework is established. From bottom to top, the base level of all strata shows decline-rise-decline, which means regression-transformation-regression.
The Denglouku 1st mainly includes lacustrine and fan delta, the sources of sediments from northeast, northwest, southwest and Southeast directions. In Denglouku 2nd and Denglouku 3rd, braided fluvial delta and intermittent lacustrine are dominant, which were controlled by the sedimentary systems from east, south, north, northeast, southwest, and the northwest. In Denglouku 4th, there is mainly braided fluvial, rarely are lacustrine and braided fluvial delta plain, the main source was from the northeast, and a small amount of source is from the west.
Delineating surface sediments physical properties in Ghudai Area, Kuwait
Authors: Al-Saleh Abeer , Ahmed Modi , Al-Dousari Noor , William Teena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There are three main challenges to establishing human settlements in Ghudai area at northern Kuwait Bay, namely; sand encroachment, water floods, and coastal erosion. Therefore, the particle size distribution percentage and statistical parameters in Ghudai surface sediments at the Kuwait Bay coast were determined and delineated in an attempt to display the depositional environment and its impact on the seedling growth of native plants. Particle sizes were assessed using a centrifugal particle analyzer and 373 samples representing the top 20 cm of surficial sediments were taken from the main geomorphological zones around Nitraria retusa and Lycium shawii nabkhas as dominant species in the study area, particle size percentages, and statistical size parameters were determined and delineated. The structural parameter distribution showed the dominance of medium sand sediments, as well as their environmental consequences revealing the unidirectional signature of fluvial flow from the Jal Al-Zur escarpment and wind transportation toward Kuwait Bay. Different discrimination maps of particle size parameters and other factors were plotted. The research shows that particle size parameters are highly vulnerable to slight changes in the pattern of sediment composition where sediments are deposited and reformed in disturbed environments.
Removal of Mn(II) from Acidic Wastewater on the Red Mud– Loess Mixture: Fixed–Bed Column Tests
Authors: Lu Yisi , Liu Xiaofeng , Xie Mingxing , Dong Xiaoqiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, the purification effect of red mud–loess mixture (RM–L) as a reactive medium in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for groundwater contaminated by acidic wastewater (AW) containing Mn(II) was explored considering removal capacity and pH value, and the safety of Mn(II) on RM–L after purification was evaluated. The breakthrough parameters of the Mn(II) were determined and the purifying performances of RM–L toward AW were evaluated by fixed-bed column tests at various initial concentrations of Mn(II), flow rates, and packing heights. The speciation of Mn(II) loaded on the RM–L was evaluated by the Tessier method. Results show the RM–L with a removal capacity of 17.30 mg·g−1 at 100 mg·L−1 initial concentration, 1 mL·min−1 flow rate and 7 cm packing height. The reduction in initial concentration and flow rate and the increase in packing height improve the total removal percentage of Mn(II) and the removal capacity of the RM–L. Moreover, the RM–L has a long-term effective acid buffer capacity for AW containing Mn(II), ensuring the pH values of effluent could be maintained at a neutral value. Furthermore, the Mn(II) could be loaded on the RM–L after the purification in stable forms that are dominated by the iron-manganese oxidate form.
Sterilization mechanism of helium/helium–oxygen atmospheric-pressure pulsed dielectric barrier discharge on membrane surface
Authors: CHEN Xingyu , LI Yuhan , LI Mengqi , XIONG Zilan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (PDBD) exhibits several applications in different fields; however, the interaction of its components with substances remains a key issue. In this study, we employed experimental and numerical modeling to investigate the interactions between different PDBD components and substances in pure helium and a helium–oxygen mixture. A membrane comprising a Staphylococcus aureus strain was utilized as the treatment object to demonstrate the trace actions of the evolutions and distributions of certain components on the surface of the substance. The results revealed that the shapes and sizes of the discharging area and inhibition zone differed between groups. Under a pure helium condition, a discharge layer existed along the membrane surface, lying beside the main discharging channel within the electrode area. Further, an annulus inhibition zone was formed at the outer edge of the electrode in the pure helium group at 30 s and 1 min, and this zone extended to a solid circle at 2 min with a radius that was ∼50% larger than that of the electrode radius. Nevertheless, the discharging channel and inhibition zone in the helium–oxygen mixture were constrained inside the electrode area without forming any annulus. A 2D symmetrical model was developed with COMSOL to simulate the spatiotemporal distributions of different particles over the membrane surface, and the result demonstrated that the main components, which formed the annulus inhibition zone under the pure helium condition, contributed to the high concentration of the He+ annulus that was formed at the outer edge of the electrode. Moreover, O+ and

O

2

+

were the main components that killed the bacteria under the helium–oxygen mixture conditions. These results reveal that the homogenization treatment on a material surface via PDBD is closely related to the treatment time and working gas.
Efficient quantum state tracking in noisy environments
Authors: Rambach Markus , Youssry Akram , Tomamichel Marco , Romero Jacquiline 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Quantum state tomography, which aims to find the best description of a quantum state—the density matrix, is an essential building block in quantum computation and communication. Standard techniques for state tomography are incapable of tracking changing states and often perform poorly in the presence of environmental noise. Although there are different approaches to solve these problems theoretically, experimental demonstrations have so far been sparse. Our approach, matrix-exponentiated gradient (MEG) tomography, is an online tomography method that allows for state tracking, updates the estimated density matrix dynamically from the very first measurements, is computationally efficient, and converges to a good estimate quickly even with very noisy data. The algorithm is controlled via a single parameter, its learning rate, which determines the performance and can be tailored in simulations to the individual experiment. We present an experimental implementation of MEG tomography on a qutrit system encoded in the transverse spatial mode of photons. We investigate the performance of our method on stationary and evolving states, as well as significant environmental noise, and find fidelities of around 95% in all cases.
Quantum scale estimation
Authors: Rubio Jesús 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Quantum scale estimation, as introduced and explored here, establishes the most precise framework for the estimation of scale parameters that is allowed by the laws of quantum mechanics. This addresses an important gap in quantum metrology, since current practice focuses almost exclusively on the estimation of phase and location parameters. For given prior probability and quantum state, and using Bayesian principles, a rule to construct the optimal probability-operator measurement is provided. Furthermore, the corresponding minimum mean logarithmic error is identified. This is then generalised as to accommodate the simultaneous estimation of multiple scale parameters, and a procedure to classify practical measurements into optimal, almost-optimal or sub-optimal is highlighted. As a means of illustration, the new framework is exploited to generalise scale-invariant global thermometry, as well as to address the estimation of the lifetime of an atomic state. On a more conceptual note, the optimal strategy is employed to construct an observable for scale parameters, an approach which may serve as a template for a more systematic search of quantum observables. Quantum scale estimation thus opens a new line of enquire—the precise measurement of scale parameters such as temperatures and rates—within the quantum information sciences.