bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical prediction error learning is associated with prodromal symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Charlton Colleen E. , Lepock Jennifer R. , Hauke Daniel J. , Mizrahi Romina , Kiang Michael , Diaconescu Andreea O. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReductions in the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) have been well-demonstrated in schizophrenia rendering it a promising biomarker for understanding the emergence of psychosis. According to the predictive coding theory of psychosis, MMN impairments may reflect disturbances in hierarchical information processing driven by maladaptive precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs) and enhanced belief updating. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian model of learning to single-trial EEG data from an auditory oddball paradigm in 31 help-seeking antipsychotic-naive high-risk individuals and 23 healthy controls to understand the computational mechanisms underlying the auditory MMN. We found that low-level sensory and high-level volatility pwPE expression correlated with EEG amplitudes, coinciding with the timing of the MMN. Furthermore, we found that prodromal positive symptom severity was associated with increased expression of sensory pwPEs and higher-level belief uncertainty. Our findings provide support for the role of pwPEs in auditory MMN generation, and suggest that increased sensory pwPEs driven by changes in belief uncertainty may render the environment seemingly unpredictable. This may predispose high-risk individuals to delusion-like ideation to explain this experience. These results highlight the value of computational models for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosis.
Fine-mapping the immunodominant antibody epitopes on consensus sequence-based HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccine candidates
Authors: Reiss E. I. M. M. , van Haaren M. M. , van Schooten J. , Claireaux M. A. F. , Maisonnasse P. , Antanasijevic A. , Allen J. D. , Bontjer I. , Torres J. L. , Lee W-H , Ozorowski G. , Vázquez Bernat N. , Kaduk M. , Aldon Y. , Burger J. A. , Chawla H. , Aartse A. , Tolazzi M. , Gao H. , Mundsperger P. , Crispin M. , Montefiori D. C. , Karlsson Hedestam G. B. , Scarlatti G. , Ward A. B. , Le Grand R. , Shattock R. , Dereuddre-Bosquet N. , Sanders R. W. , van Gils M. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is the key target for vaccines aimed at inducing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against HIV-1. The clinical candidate immunogen ConM SOSIP.v7 is a stabilized native-like HIV-1 Env trimer based on an artificial consensus sequence of all HIV-1 isolates in group M. In preclinical studies ConM SOSIP.v7 trimers induced strong autologous NAb responses in non-human primates (NHPs). To fine-map these responses, we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from six cynomolgus macaques that were immunized three times with ConM SOSIP.v7 protein and boosted twice with the closely related ConSOSL.UFO.664 immunogen. A total of 40 ConM and/or ConS-specific mAbs were isolated, of which 18 were retrieved after the three ConM SOSIP.v7 immunizations and 22 after the two immunizations with ConSOSL.UFO.664. 22 mAbs (55%) neutralized the ConM and/or ConS virus. Cross-neutralization of ConS virus by approximately one-third of the mAbs was seen prior to ConSOSL.UFO.664 immunization, albeit with modest potency. Neutralizing antibodies predominantly targeted the V1 and V2 regions of the immunogens, with an apparent extension towards the V3 region. Thus, the V1V2V3 region is immunodominant in the potent NAb response elicited by two consensus sequence native-like HIV-1 Env immunogens. Immunization with these soluble consensus Env proteins also elicited non-neutralizing mAbs targeting the trimer base. These results inform the use and improvement of consensus-based trimer immunogens in combinatorial vaccine strategies.
Direct observations of a complex coronal web driving highly structured slow solar wind
Authors: Chitta L. P. , Seaton D. B. , Downs C. , DeForest C. E. , Higginson A. K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe solar wind consists of continuous streams of charged particles that escape into the heliosphere from the Sun, and is split into fast and slow components, with the fast wind emerging from the interiors of coronal holes. Near the ecliptic plane, the fast wind from low-latitude coronal holes is interspersed with a highly structured slow solar wind, the source regions and drivers of which are poorly understood. Here we report extreme-ultraviolet observations that reveal a spatially complex web of magnetized plasma structures that persistently interact and reconnect in the middle corona. Coronagraphic white-light images show concurrent emergence of slow wind streams over these coronal web structures. With advanced global magnetohydrodynamics coronal models, we demonstrate that the observed coronal web is a direct imprint of the magnetic separatrix web (S-web). By revealing a highly dynamic portion of the S-web, our observations open a window into important middle-coronal processes that appear to play a key role in driving the structured slow solar wind.
E-glass/kenaf fibre reinforced thermoset composites fiiled with MCC and immersion in a different fluid
Authors: Palmiyanto Martinus Heru , Surojo Eko , Ariawan Dody , Imaduddin Fitrian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is important to examine the long-term durability of glass-kenaf fibre reinforced phenolic resin composites when they are exposed to humid environments or submerged in water. Furthermore, the durability of such composites when immersed in different pH solutions have yet to be examined. As such, this present study examined the use of 4%, 8%, and 12% volume fractions (vfs) of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a filler and reinforcement to improve the properties of glass fibre-kenaf reinforced phenolic resin composites. The flexural strength of these composites was examined both pre- and post-immersion in distilled water (pH 7), seawater (pH 8), and an acidic solution (pH 3) for 60 days. The diffusion mechanism, difussion coefficient, and water absorption concentration were also examined. The difussion coefficient and water absorption concentration occurred post-immersion in distilled water (pH7) and seawater (pH8) while the acidic solution (pH3) resulted in the highest loss of mass and size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the surfaces of the saturated composites indicated that fibre-matrix interfacial bonding was weak. However, composites that contained a higher vf of MCC exhibited stronger interfacial bonding between the matrix and constituents, thereby, reducing water absorption and diffusion. The flexural strength of the composite pre- and post-immersion was MCC12 > MCC8 > MCC4 > MCC0, in descending order of strength.
Cooperative effects of oocytes and estrogen on the forkhead box L2 expression in mural granulosa cells in mice
Authors: Ito Haruka , Emori Chihiro , Kobayashi Mei , Maruyama Natsumi , Fujii Wataru , Naito Kunihiko , Sugiura Koji 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForkhead box L2 (FOXL2) plays a critical role in the development and function of mammalian ovaries. In fact, the causative effects of FOXL2 misregulations have been identified in many ovarian diseases, such as primary ovarian insufficiency and granulosa cell tumor; however, the mechanism by which FOXL2 expression is regulated is not well studied. Here, we showed that FOXL2 expression in ovarian mural granulosa cells (MGCs) requires stimulation by both oocyte-derived signals and estrogen in mice. In the absence of oocytes or estrogen, expression of FOXL2 and its transcriptional targets,Cyp19a1andFstmRNA, in MGCs were significantly decreased. Moreover, expression levels ofSox9mRNA, but not SOX9 protein, were significantly increased in the FOXL2-reduced MGCs. FOXL2 expression in MGCs was maintained with either oocytes or recombinant proteins of oocyte-derived paracrine factors, BMP15 and GDF9, together with estrogen, and this oocyte effect was abrogated with an ALK5 inhibitor, SB431542. In addition, the FOXL2 level was significantly decreased in MGCs isolated fromBmp15−/−/Gdf9+/−mice. Therefore, oocyte, probably with estrogen, plays a critical role in the regulation of FOXL2 expression in mural granulosa cells in mice.
Research on model design and operation mechanism of enterprise blockchain digital system
Authors: Su Xin , Wang Shengwen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEmerging technologies such as blockchain have accelerated the digitization of a variety of industries, improved the operational efficiency of enterprises, and promoted in-depth integration of digital technology with the real economy. Blockchain has characteristics that include distributed storage, peer-to-peer transmission, strong confidentiality, and easy traceability. This article introduces blockchain into an enterprise’s information management system with the aim of breaking the enterprise’s digital barriers by using technologies such as distributed ledgers, smart contracts, and asymmetric encryption, thus improving the security and applicability of the enterprise data assets. This article explores the characteristics and security of three types of blockchain in depth, designs the model framework of the blockchain digital system (BDS) based on industry needs, and analyzes the functions and the operating mechanisms of each level of the system in detail. Finally, based on the characteristics of public blockchain, consortium blockchain, and private blockchain, three typical application scenarios in which the BDS can be used are selected, and the article discusses how E-retail supply chains, virtual power plants, and carbon trading platforms can realize digital management using the BDS, thus providing a practical basis for construction and application of the BDS.
Tailoring the composition of biocopolyester blends for dimensionally accurate extrusion-based printing, annealing and steam sterilization
Authors: Burkhardt F. , Schmidt V. D. , Wesemann C. , Schirmeister C. G. , Rothlauf S. , Pieralli S. , Brandenburg L. S. , Kleinvogel L. , Vach K. , Spies B. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF) represents a straightforward additive manufacturing technique applied in the medical sector for personalized patient treatment. However, frequently processed biopolymers lack sufficient thermal stability to be used as auxiliary devices such as surgical guides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of experimental biocopolyester blends with improved thermal characteristics after printing, annealing and sterilization. A total of 160 square specimens and 40 surgical guides for oral implant placement were printed. One subgroup of each material (n = 10) underwent thermal annealing before both subgroups were subjected to steam sterilization (134 °C; 5 min). Specimens were digitized and the deviation from the original file was calculated. The thermal behavior was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. A one-way ANOVA and t-tests were applied for statistical analyses (p < 0.05). All biocopolyester blends showed warpage during steam sterilization. However, the material modification with mineral fillers (21–32 wt%) and nucleating agents in combination with thermal annealing showed a significantly reduced warpage of printed square specimens. Geometry of the printing object seemed to affect dimensional accuracy, as printed surgical guides showed less distortion between the groups. In summary, biocopolyesters did benefit from fillers and annealing to improve their dimensional stability.
DrugnomeAI is an ensemble machine-learning framework for predicting druggability of candidate drug targets
Authors: Raies Arwa , Tulodziecka Ewa , Stainer James , Middleton Lawrence , Dhindsa Ryan S. , Hill Pamela , Engkvist Ola , Harper Andrew R. , Petrovski Slavé , Vitsios Dimitrios 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe druggability of targets is a crucial consideration in drug target selection. Here, we adopt a stochastic semi-supervised ML framework to develop DrugnomeAI, which estimates the druggability likelihood for every protein-coding gene in the human exome. DrugnomeAI integrates gene-level properties from 15 sources resulting in 324 features. The tool generates exome-wide predictions based on labelled sets of known drug targets (median AUC: 0.97), highlighting features from protein-protein interaction networks as top predictors. DrugnomeAI provides generic as well as specialised models stratified by disease type or drug therapeutic modality. The top-ranking DrugnomeAI genes were significantly enriched for genes previously selected for clinical development programs (p value < 1 × 10−308) and for genes achieving genome-wide significance in phenome-wide association studies of 450 K UK Biobank exomes for binary (p value = 1.7 × 10−5) and quantitative traits (p value = 1.6 × 10−7). We accompany our method with a web application (http://drugnomeai.public.cgr.astrazeneca.com) to visualise the druggability predictions and the key features that define gene druggability, per disease type and modality.
A non-carboxylating pentose bisphosphate pathway in halophilic archaea
Authors: Sato Takaaki , Utashima Sanae , Yoshii Yuta , Hirata Kosuke , Kanda Shuichiro , Onoda Yushi , Jin Jian-qiang , Xiao Suyi , Minami Ryoko , Fukushima Hikaru , Noguchi Ayako , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Fukase Koichi , Atomi Haruyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacteria and Eucarya utilize the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to direct the ribose moieties of nucleosides to central carbon metabolism. Many archaea do not possess this pathway, and instead, Thermococcales utilize a pentose bisphosphate pathway involving ribose-1,5-bisphosphate (R15P) isomerase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Intriguingly, multiple genomes from halophilic archaea seem only to harbor R15P isomerase, and do not harbor Rubisco. In this study, we identify a previously unrecognized nucleoside degradation pathway in halophilic archaea, composed of guanosine phosphorylase, ATP-dependent ribose-1-phosphate kinase, R15P isomerase, RuBP phosphatase, ribulose-1-phosphate aldolase, and glycolaldehyde reductase. The pathway converts the ribose moiety of guanosine to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and ethylene glycol. Although the metabolic route from guanosine to RuBP via R15P is similar to that of the pentose bisphosphate pathway in Thermococcales, the downstream route does not utilize Rubisco and is unique to halophilic archaea.
A conserved glutathione binding site in poliovirus is a target for antivirals and vaccine stabilisation
Authors: Bahar Mohammad W. , Nasta Veronica , Fox Helen , Sherry Lee , Grehan Keith , Porta Claudine , Macadam Andrew J. , Stonehouse Nicola J. , Rowlands David J. , Fry Elizabeth E. , Stuart David I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStrategies to prevent the recurrence of poliovirus (PV) after eradication may utilise non-infectious, recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Despite clear advantages over inactivated or attenuated virus vaccines, instability of VLPs can compromise their immunogenicity. Glutathione (GSH), an important cellular reducing agent, is a crucial co-factor for the morphogenesis of enteroviruses, including PV. We report cryo-EM structures of GSH bound to PV serotype 3 VLPs showing that it can enhance particle stability. GSH binds the positively charged pocket at the interprotomer interface shown recently to bind GSH in enterovirus F3 and putative antiviral benzene sulphonamide compounds in other enteroviruses. We show, using high-resolution cryo-EM, the binding of a benzene sulphonamide compound with a PV serotype 2 VLP, consistent with antiviral activity through over-stabilizing the interprotomer pocket, preventing the capsid rearrangements necessary for viral infection. Collectively, these results suggest GSH or an analogous tight-binding antiviral offers the potential for stabilizing VLP vaccines.
Anomalous resonance between low-energy particles and electromagnetic plasma waves
Authors: Li Jing-Huan , Liu Zhi-Yang , Zhou Xu-Zhi , Li Li , Omura Yoshiharu , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu-Gang , Pu Zu-Yin , Fu Sui-Yan , Xie Lun , Russell Christopher T. , Pollock Craig J. , Le Guan , Burch James L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCyclotron resonance between plasma waves and charged particles is a fundamental and ubiquitous process in the plasma universe, during which the particle’s gyromotion has a constant phase in the wave field to enable a sustained energy exchange. In this classical picture, however, the particle’s angular velocity is determined only by the background magnetic field. Here, we show that the classical condition of cyclotron resonance fails to describe the observations of low-energy particles in resonance with large-amplitude waves, which highlights the roles of the wave field in nonlinearly modifying the resonant picture. The revised scenario of anomalous resonance is then validated by the agreement between test-particle simulations and ultrafast spacecraft measurements, which present in-phase and/or antiphase relationships between the wave magnetic field and ion flux oscillations at energy and pitch-angle ranges incompatible with the classical resonance condition. This revision could significantly affect the wave-particle energy exchange and wave evolution processes.
Global 3D radiation-hydrodynamical models of AGB stars with dust-driven winds
Authors: Freytag Bernd , Höfner Susanne 
Published: November 2022

Context. Convection and mass loss by stellar winds are two dynamical processes that shape asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and their evolution. Observations and earlier 3D models indicate that giant convection cells cause high-contrast surface intensity patterns, and contribute to the origin of clumpy dust clouds.
Aims. We study the formation and resulting properties of dust-driven winds from AGB stars, using new global 3D simulations.
Methods. The dynamical stellar interiors, atmospheres, and wind acceleration zones of two M-type AGB stars were modeled with the CO5BOLD code. These first global 3D simulations are based on frequency-dependent gas opacities, and they feature time-dependent condensation and evaporation of silicate grains.
Results. Convection and pulsations emerge self-consistently, allowing us to derive wind properties (e.g., mass-loss rates and outflow velocities), without relying on parameterized descriptions of these processes. In contrast to 1D models with purely radial pulsations, the shocks induced by convection and pulsation in the 3D models cover large parts, but not the entirety, of the sphere, leading to a patchy, nonspherical structure of the atmosphere. Since dust condensation critically depends on gas density, new dust clouds form mostly in the dense wakes of atmospheric shocks, where the grains can grow efficiently. The resulting clumpy distribution of newly formed dust leads to a complex 3D morphology of the extended atmosphere and wind-acceleration zone, with simultaneous infall and outflow regions close to the star. Highly nonspherical isotherms and short-lived cool pockets of gas in the stellar vicinity are prominent features. Efficient dust formation sets in closer to the star than spherical averages of the temperature indicate, in dense regions where grain growth rates are higher than average. This can lead to weak outflows in situations where corresponding 1D models do not produce winds. For stars where the overall conditions for dust formation and wind acceleration are favorable, it is unclear whether the resulting mass-loss rates will be higher or lower than in the 1D case. The increased efficiency of dust formation in high-density clumps may be offset by a low volume coverage of the forming clouds.
Conclusions. A global 3D approach is essential to make progress in understanding dynamical processes in AGB stars, and, in particular, to solve long-standing problems regarding mass loss.
BRAFV600E and BRAF-WT Specific Antitumor Immunity in
Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ehlers Margret , Schmidt Mathias , Mattes-Gyorgy Katalin , Antke Christina , Enczmann Juergen , Schlensog Martin , Japp Anna , Haase Matthias , Allelein Stephanie , Dringenberg Till , Giesel Frederik , Esposito Irene , Schott Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne feature of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the frequently present somatic
BRAFV600E mutation. PTCs are also characterized by a lymphocytic
infiltration, which may correlate with an improved clinical outcome. The
objective of the study was the characterization of BRAFV600E specific
anti-immunity in PTC patients and correlation analyses with the clinical
outcome. Fourteen HLA A2 positive PTC patients were included into the study of
whom tumor tissue samples were also available. Of those, 8 PTC patients revealed
a somatic BRAFV600E mutation. All PTC patients were also MHC class II
typed. Tetramer analyses for detection of MHC class I and MHC class
II-restricted, BRAFV600E epitope-specific T cells using unstimulated
and peptide-stimulated T cells were performed; correlation analyses between MHC
phenotypes, T cell immunity, and the clinical course were performed. In regard
to unstimulated T cells, a significantly higher amount of BRAFV600E
epitope specific T cells was detected compared to a control tetramer.
Importantly, after overnight peptide stimulation a significantly higher number
of BRAFV600E positive and BRAF WT epitope-specific T cells could be
seen. In regard to the clinical course, however, no significant differences were
seen, neither in the context of the initial tumor size, nor in the context of
lymph node metastases or peripheral metastastic spread. In conclusion, we
clearly demonstrated a BRAF-specific tumor immunity in PTC-patients which is,
however, independent of a BRAFV600E status of the PTC patients.
Things we smell and things they smell like
Authors: Poulton Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The sense of smell has been relatively neglected in the Western research. It is not regarded as particularly useful compared to the perceived importance of senses like sight, sound, and touch. Correspondingly, English speakers are ill-equipped to describe qualities of smells, instead invoking entities that share similar olfactory qualities, e.g. like roses. This raises the question: which odours do English speakers frequently refer to, and which terms describe them? This corpus-driven study looks at nouns in olfactory contexts, and the conceptual domains they fall into. Results show that speakers invoke different smells according to context: when talking about a smell they perceive, when describing a smell, or in a description of another smell, which demonstrates the differential communicative functions of smells. Further analysis shows that smells that are described are more variable than those used as descriptors, and smells being used to describe are more emotional using psychometric norming data.
Memes from confinement
Authors: Divita David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Memes have been described as textual forms of “(post)modern folklore” (Shifman, 2014: 5). Photos or short videos, they highlight current cultural phenomena, and they spread exponentially
through person-to-person sharing on social media platforms. For this article, I created a corpus of memes that circulated in March
2020, during the first weeks after statewide lockdown orders were issued in the U.S. in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing
on Bakthin’s (1981) concept of the chronotope, I analyze a subset of these memes that
specifically addressed the experience of time in confinement, illuminating two interrelated trends: the disruption of temporal
order in the present and the projection of chronotopes of hindsight in which this present gets resolved as past. Through detailed
textual analysis, I show that the memes reveal both a widespread sense of disorientation and a corollary impulse to mitigate it
through the imagination of spatiotemporal realms. I argue that such chronotopic projections can serve as a response to temporary
but profound uncertainty, caused in this case by the public health crisis in its initial stages.