bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How much does the firm's alliance network matter?
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Liu Xiaojin , Zaheer Akbar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryExtant empirical work partitioning the variance in firm (business segment) profitability has identified industry, corporate parent, business segment, and time as key sources. However, this variance decomposition research stream has treated firms as atomistic, autonomous entities. We employ a fast‐unfolding community‐detection algorithm to detect firms' network memberships and use the Shapley Value method to isolate the effect of the firm's alliance network, in addition to industry, corporate parent, business segment, and year effects, on the variance in business unit performance. Our findings demonstrate that the effect of the firm's alliance network explains 11% of the variance in firm ROA among 16,381 business segments from 1979 through 1996. We also extend the time period through 2018 and find that our results broadly hold.Managerial SummaryIn the search for superior firm performance, managers typically focus their attention externally on profitable industries in which to operate, as well as internally on their firms' idiosyncratic and valuable resources and capabilities. In addition to these profitability sources, our work suggests another important, but heretofore overlooked, factor in the managerial quest for competitive advantage: the value‐creating potential of alliance networks. We employ a machine‐learning algorithm to detect firms' network memberships. Our findings indicate that as much as 11% of the variance in firm profitability (ROA) is explained by the network of alliances of which the firm is a part. Our study also implies that the emphasis on networks continues to be relevant in a technology age in which industry boundaries are blurring.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester induces radiosensitization via inhibition of DNA damage repair in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells
Authors: Anjaly Km , Tiku Ashu Bhan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we evaluated the radiomodulatory potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of traditional herbal medicine propolis. CAPE has been identified as a potent anticancer agent in multiple cancer types and is reported to have the dual role of radioprotection and radiosensitization. However, the radiomodulatory potential of CAPE in prostate cancer (PCa), which eventually becomes radioresistant is not known. Therefore, we studied the effect of co‐treatment of CAPE and gamma radiation on androgen‐independent DU145 and PC3 cells. The combination treatment sensitized PCa cells to radiation in a dose‐dependent manner. The radiosensitizing effect of CAPE was observed in both cell lines. CAPE enhanced the level of ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced gamma H2AX foci and cell death by apoptosis. The combination treatment also decreased the migration potential of PCa cells. This was confirmed by increased expression of E‐cadherin and decrease in vimentin expression. CAPE sensitized PCa cells to radiation in vitro and induced apoptosis, augmented phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR, and hampered cell migration. At the mechanistic level, co‐treatment of CAPE and IR inhibited cell growth by decreasing RAD50 and RAD51 proteins involved in DNA repair. This resulted in enhanced DNA damage and cell death. CAPE might represent a promising new adjuvant for the treatment of hormone‐refractory radioresistant PCa.
Water treatment for hemodialysis in Baghdad medical city, Iraq
Authors: Humudat Yasamen Raad , Al‐Naseri Saadi Kadhim , Imran Natheer Jamal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWater quality for dialysis fluid is an important consideration for dialysis patients. As a result, strict monitoring of water quality is required to avoid complications and ensure the safety and health of patients. The current study aimed to determine the water quality used in hemodialysis treatment centers. Twenty water samples were collected and analyzed from three hospitals in Baghdad's medical city over four seasons. Counts of bacteria and chemical contaminants were determined in raw and dialysis water from each of four dialysis centers. After collecting samples, bacteriological and chemical analyses were performed in the laboratory. Results show that the quality of dialysis water fluctuates, making it unacceptable when compared to international standards. Bacterial counts were above the maximum value of 100 CFU/ml in 50% of the samples tested. Chemical analysis showed that the dialysis water quality suffers from elevated free chlorine concentrations in some dialysis centers. Also, there were no significant differences between the measured parameters in the dialysis water at four treatment centers during the study period at p < 0.05. Hemodialysis centers require constant monitoring, maintenance, and the development of water treatment systems to ensure optimum water quality. Additional disinfection is essential in order to prevent bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
Increasing People’s Capabilities by Using Design Thinking in the Decision-Making Process
Authors: Frisk Jane Elisabeth , Svengren Holm Lisbeth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA growing older population is placing new demands on the welfare system. Elder care has been criticised for its lack of resources, competence, or respect for older people. Caregiving needs to be transformed and based on older people’s real needs and what they perceive as important. However, both older people and service organisations have to be capable of participating in new development processes. Design thinking (DT) has emerged as a field of research that provides tools and processes that are helpful for supporting innovations and new ways of thinking about problems. The concept of capability (Nussbaum M. Creating capabilities: the human development approach. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2011), and how design researchers have embraced it, is discussed. The results from two case studies show that DT can support increasing capabilities among both service recipients and service providers when developing new services and digital solutions. The DT process can generate valuable knowledge about users’ needs in a resource-efficient way, as well as balancing the economic and human perspectives when developing new services. By directing more time and attention towards relevant problems, the solution might end up as something other than initially contemplated, which can increase the capability of being innovative when developing new services.
The Capabilities Approach and the Concepts of Self-Determination, Legal Competence and Human Dignity in Social Services for Older People
Authors: Svensson Eva-Maria , Bäckman Therese , Odlöw Torbjörn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, the tension between self-determination and human dignity in the Swedish legal system of social care for older people is analysed with help of the capabilities approach. The core focus of this approach is the individual person’s capability to make decisions. Also important is a supportive societal system that enables the realisation of self-determination, specifically for individuals who are not fully capable of making arrangements for themselves. The capabilities approach emphasises the responsibility of the State and can be used to analyse the impact of legal and political obligations for nation-states, and to balance the increased focus on self-determination and the quest for increased capabilities among older people. In the context of a dismantled welfare state, a one-sided focus on individual autonomy might turn out to be a double-edged sword, leaving the individual with self-determination but no (or insufficient) available care to decide about. In this chapter, the underlying principles of practical decisions are theoretically explored and reflected upon. Of specific relevance is human dignity (in addition to enhancing individual freedom), normativity (a set of fundamental capabilities is identified) and the central role of the nation-state (as the responsible political subject for the achievement of minimum thresholds for all capabilities).
Invisible or Powerful? Ageing in a Mediatised Society
Authors: Bergström Annika , Edström Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to live your rights and achieve your goals, you need to be informed, have a voice and be listened to, and have the opportunity to engage in society, regardless of age. Freedom of expression and freedom of information are core human rights values that connect the concept of capability with the role of the media in society. The media can be a tool for enhancing a person’s capabilities, but it can also be seen as hindering a good life if technology and its applications are perceived as awkward and/or difficult to access.At a structural level, a wider discussion of media responsibility has the potential to contribute to enhancing people’s capabilities in later life. One critical issue is who should be held accountable and responsible for media content that lacks diverse stories about older people and their voices, possibly reinforcing ageism. Furthermore, where the responsibility lies for ensuring that older people have the technological means to act as digital citizens is somewhat unclear. In an increasingly mediatised environment, we might see a stronger relationship between media literacy, health and ageing, which in turn could emphasise the importance of the role of the media in enhancing capabilities.
System and Life-Course Perspectives on Capability to Work and Capability Through Work
Authors: Dellve Lotta , Jonsson Robin , Flisbäck Marita , Bengtsson Mattias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe capability approach is relevant to gaining a conceptual understanding of individuals’ abilities and motivation to work and to explore the potential consequences that various working conditions have for people when they reach old age. Here, the capability concept is complemented with system theory to understand the multi-component key resources for capability to work among older workers, and also the conversion factors – capability through work – at individual, micro, meso, macro and chrono-levels. The theoretical approach is exemplified by studies from the interdisciplinary field of work sciences. The chapter describes central working-life conditions, conversion factors for crafting capability to work and examples of patterns of interactions between capability to work and capability through work. To support practical applications, we suggest important conversion factors and patterns of interaction between capability to work and capability through working-life resources. In sum, having a reasonable degree of control and influence (freedom of choice) at work and opportunities to make individual deals and adjustments that match one’s values, abilities, competence and experience are important for individual preference of a long working life. This requires an organisation that focuses on the value of work and promotes a general learning climate through broad participation.
Capability and Political Participation Among Ageing Populations
Authors: Solevid Maria , Scheiber Gyllenspetz Ann-Ida 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we study reasons for, and conceptions of, non-voting among Swedish seniors. We present a tentative framework for studying capability and political participation among older people in which we combine insights from previous research on age, health and political participation from the perspective of capability; that is, what a person is effectively able to be and do. The empirical illustration is based on extended interviews with eight individuals, both voters and non-voters, aged 80 years or older. The results show that the concepts of internal and combined capabilities are fruitful when understanding conceptions of and reasons for non-voting. For some individuals, voting is simply too much of an effort, and they need to direct their capabilities towards other, more desirable, functionings. For other individuals, health and mobility issues would have hindered their ability to vote if it were not for the practical and social support of close relatives. The chapter ends with a discussion on the importance of continuing to integrate explanations at different levels in order to understand political (in)activity among older individuals.
The Neurochemistry of Alzheimer’s Disease: One of the Most Common Causes of Reduced Capability in the Adult Population
Authors: Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterised by the triad of amyloid plaques, tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Except for a strong association with the susceptibility gene, specifically the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, the pathogenesis of the most common age-related sporadic form of AD is largely unknown. However, several genetic and environmental risk factors have been proposed. A potential problem is that most population-based studies on AD risk-profiling have not used biomarkers reflecting amyloid and tau pathology to classify patients and controls. Given the complex pathophysiology of late-onset AD and the difficulties in correctly diagnosing AD on purely clinical grounds, this introduces a risk of misclassification of both control subjects and clinically diagnosed AD cases. Importantly, in recent years, there has been a very successful development of blood biomarkers for AD pathophysiologies, including brain amyloidosis (amyloid β ratio), tau pathology (phosphorylated tau) and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light). Numerous studies have shown these biomarkers to correlate with amyloid and tau pathology load evaluated by PET and with MRI measures of neurodegeneration, and to predict future cognitive decline. The employment of blood biomarkers in epidemiological studies may foster an understanding of which and how specifically lifestyle risk factors are linked to AD, and repeated blood sampling in intervention trials may provide evidence as to whether controlling lifestyle factors may affect specific AD pathophysiologies.
eHealth Literacy and Capability in the Context of the Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Kokkinakis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rapidly increasing size of the ageing population, and in particular older adults living alone, requires the incorporation of eHealth into social and healthcare services, in order to choose the best way to manage their needs and demands for health and medical care. The purpose of this brief scoping study is to describe and identify an important dimension in this context, namely eHealth literacy (eHL) and its relation to health-promoting behaviours among older adults within the capability theoretical framework. The chapter examines some aspects of eHL and recent research highlighting the importance of eHL and the direct correlation between eHL and quality of life for older adults within the capability context. To make this more specific and explicit, this study takes into consideration outstanding circumstances, such as those caused by a pandemic crisis, namely the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since the COVID-19 pandemic has required urgent action and rapid containment, it offers a unique opportunity to test and evaluate the readiness of healthcare systems and to rapidly develop, scale up and enhance eHealth for the benefit of older people. However, this comes with a price, which is the necessity to quickly and effectively navigate complex information environments and manage behavioural changes and health.
The MEK1/2-inhibitor ATR-002 efficiently blocks SARS-CoV-2 propagation and alleviates pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses
Authors: Schreiber André , Viemann Dorothee , Schöning Jennifer , Schloer Sebastian , Mecate Zambrano Angeles , Brunotte Linda , Faist Aileen , Schöfbänker Michael , Hrincius Eike , Hoffmann Helen , Hoffmann Markus , Pöhlmann Stefan , Rescher Ursula , Planz Oliver , Ludwig Stephan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to more than 260 million confirmed infections and 5 million deaths to date. While vaccination is a powerful tool to control pandemic spread, medication to relieve COVID-19-associated symptoms and alleviate disease progression especially in high-risk patients is still lacking. In this study, we explore the suitability of the rapid accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Raf/MEK/ERK) pathway as a druggable target in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We find that SARS-CoV-2 transiently activates Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in the very early infection phase and that ERK1/2 knockdown limits virus replication in cell culture models. We demonstrate that ATR-002, a specific inhibitor of the upstream MEK1/2 kinases which is currently evaluated in clinical trials as an anti-influenza drug, displays strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in cell lines as well as in primary air–liquid-interphase epithelial cell (ALI) cultures, with a safe and selective treatment window. We also observe that ATR-002 treatment impairs the SARS-CoV-2-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus might prevent COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation, a key player in COVID-19 progression. Thus, our data suggest that the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade may represent a target for therapeutic intervention strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infections and that ATR-002 is a promising candidate for further drug evaluation.
Machine learning in knee arthroplasty: specific data are key—a systematic review
Authors: Hinterwimmer Florian , Lazic Igor , Suren Christian , Hirschmann Michael T. , Pohlig Florian , Rueckert Daniel , Burgkart Rainer , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is rapidly growing and offers novel options of data analysis. Machine learning (ML) represents a distinct application of AI, which is capable of generating predictions and has already been tested in different medical specialties with various approaches such as diagnostic applications, cost predictions or identification of risk factors. In orthopaedics, this technology has only recently been introduced and the literature on ML in knee arthroplasty is scarce. In this review, we aim to investigate which predictions are already feasible using ML models in knee arthroplasty to identify prerequisites for the effective use of this novel approach. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review of ML algorithms for outcome prediction in knee arthroplasty.

Methods
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline database and the Cochrane Library was conducted to find ML applications for knee arthroplasty. All relevant articles were systematically retrieved and evaluated by an orthopaedic surgeon and a data scientist on the basis of the PRISMA statement. The search strategy yielded 225 articles of which 19 were finally assessed as eligible. A modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS) was applied to account for a methodological evaluation.

Results
The studies presented in this review demonstrated fair to good results (AUC median 0.76/range 0.57–0.98), while heterogeneous prediction models were analysed: complications (6), costs (4), functional outcome (3), revision (2), postoperative satisfaction (2), surgical technique (1) and biomechanical properties (1) were investigated. The median mCMS was 65 (range 40–80) points.

Conclusion
The prediction of distinct outcomes with ML models applying specific data is already feasible; however, the prediction of more complex outcomes is still inaccurate. Registry data on knee arthroplasty have not been fully analysed yet so that specific parameters have not been sufficiently evaluated. The inclusion of specific input data as well as the collaboration of orthopaedic surgeons and data scientists are essential prerequisites to fully utilize the capacity of ML in knee arthroplasty. Future studies should investigate prospective data with specific and longitudinally recorded parameters.

Level of evidence
III.
Motion pattern-based crowd scene classification using histogram of angular deviations of trajectories
Authors: Pai Abhilash K. , Chandrahasan Prahaladh , Raghavendra U. , Karunakar A. K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutomated crowd behaviour analysis and monitoring is a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of the crowd within a particular scene and across different scenes. The prior knowledge of the type of scene under consideration is a crucial mid-level information, which could be utilized to develop robust crowd behaviour analysis systems. In this paper, we propose an approach to automatically detect the type of a crowded scene based on the global motion patterns of the objects within the scene. Three different types of scenes whose global motion pattern characteristics vary from uniform to non-uniform are considered in this work, namely structured, semi-structured, and unstructured scenes, respectively. To capture the global motion pattern characteristics of an input crowd scene, we first extract the motion information in the form of trajectories using a key-point tracker and then compute the average angular orientation feature of each trajectory. This paper utilizes these angular features to introduce a novel feature vector, termed as Histogram of Angular Deviations (HAD), which depicts the distribution of the pair-wise angular deviation values for each trajectory vector. Since angular deviation information is resistant to changes in scene perspectives, we consider it as a key feature for distinguishing the scene types. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed HAD-based feature vector in classifying the crowded scenes, we build a crowd scene classification model by training the classical machine learning algorithms on the publicly available Collective Motion Database. The experimental results demonstrate the superior crowd classification performance of the proposed approach as compared to the existing methods. In addition to this, we propose a technique based on quantizing the angular deviation values to reduce the feature dimension and subsequently introduce a novel crowd scene structuredness index to quantify the structuredness of an input crowded scene based on its HAD.