bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lone mothers and child support receipt in 21 European countries
Authors: Hakovirta Mia , Mesiäislehto Merita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith increasing trends in divorce, separation and multi-partner fertility, more families have become subject to child support policies. This paper explores child support receipt in 21 European countries using 2017–2018 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data. We investigated: (1) cross-country differences in the prevalence and amount of child support received and (2) the determinants of child support receipt among lone mothers across countries. We found that the proportion of lone-mother families receiving child support ranged from 16 per cent in Luxembourg to 75 per cent in the Czech Republic, with large variations in the amount of child support received. Our results suggested that the socioeconomic characteristics of lone mothers, including marital status, education, employment status, number of children and income, were associated with the likelihood of receiving child support in most countries but these associations varied significantly across countries.
The ups and downs of space and time: topography in Yupno language, culture, and cognition
Authors: Cooperrider Kensy , Slotta James , Núñez Rafael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMuch prior research has investigated how humans understand time using body-based contrasts likefront/backandleft/right.It has recently come to light, however, that some communities instead understand time usingenvironment-based contrasts. Here, we present the richest portrait yet of one such case: the topographic system used by the Yupno of Papua New Guinea, in which the past is construed as downhill and the future as uphill. We first survey topographic concepts in Yupno language and culture, showing how they constitute a privileged resource for communicating about space. Next, we survey time concepts in Yupno, focusing on how topographic concepts are used to construe past, present, and future. We then illustrate how this topographic understanding of time comes to life in the words, hands, and minds of Yupno speakers. Drawing on informal interviews, we offer a view of the topographic system that goes beyond a community-level summary, and offers a glimpse of its individual-level and moment-to-moment texture. Finally, we step back to account for how this topographic understanding of time is embedded within a rich cognitive ecology of linguistic, cultural, gestural, and architectural practices. We close by discussing an elusive question: Why is the future uphill?
Microscopic versus endoscopic stapes surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hajiioannou J , Gkrinia E , Tzimkas-Dakis K , Palla E , Brotis A , Korais C , Saratziotis A , Lachanas V , Skoulakis C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety characteristics of endoscopic and microscopic stapes surgery based on current evidence.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted of three medical databases, focusing on randomised, controlled studies or observational studies. Data related to the efficacy and safety of each technique were extracted. Outcome data were summarised using the pooled mean differences or pooled odds ratios, along with their 95 per cent confidence intervals.ResultsThirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Success rate was evaluated by estimating air–bone gap improvement; this revealed comparable outcomes for the two techniques (mean difference = −0.20; 95 per cent confidence interval = −0.53, 0.14). No statistically significant difference was detected concerning post-operative complications, except for dysgeusia (odds ratio = −1.12; 95 per cent confidence interval = −1.97, −0.28) and pain (odds ratio = −2.00; 95 per cent confidence interval = −2.97, −1.04), which favoured the endoscopic approach.ConclusionThough both techniques result in commensurate outcomes concerning success rate, post-operative pain and dysgeusia favour the endoscopic approach. Further high-quality studies are needed to adequately compare the two methods.
Neural predictors of cognitive-behavior therapy outcome in anxiety-related disorders: a meta-analysis of task-based fMRI studies
Authors: Picó-Pérez Maria , Fullana Miquel A. , Albajes-Eizagirre Anton , Vega Daniel , Marco-Pallarés Josep , Vilar Ana , Chamorro Jacobo , Felmingham Kim L. , Harrison Ben J. , Radua Joaquim , Soriano-Mas Carles 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is a well-established first-line intervention for anxiety-related disorders, including specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Several neural predictors of CBT outcome for anxiety-related disorders have been proposed, but previous results are inconsistent.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating whole-brain predictors of CBT outcome in anxiety-related disorders (17 studies, n = 442).ResultsAcross different tasks, we observed that brain response in a network of regions involved in salience and interoception processing, encompassing fronto-insular (the right inferior frontal gyrus-anterior insular cortex) and fronto-limbic (the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) cortices was strongly associated with a positive CBT outcome.ConclusionsOur results suggest that there are robust neural predictors of CBT outcome in anxiety-related disorders that may eventually lead (probably in combination with other data) to develop personalized approaches for the treatment of these mental disorders.
What Accounts for the German Labor Market Miracle? A Structural VAR Approach
Authors: Klein Mathias , Schiman Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examines the driving forces behind the strong decline in German unemployment from 2005 onwards and the exceptionally small increase during the Great Recession. Structural vector autoregressions (VARs) with sign restrictions show that wage moderation in the aftermath of labor market reforms was the dominant factor of the unemployment decline, and that improved matching and shrinking labor supply also contributed to it. The adjustment to business cycle shocks (Great Recession), on the other hand, is to a large extent borne by the intensive margin, which can be explained by institutional aspects of the German labor market.
An Unorthodox Voice: The Rise of FemaleQinshi, Their Challenges, and Their Pursuits
Authors: LI HUAN 
Published: January 2022

Abstract (English/Chinese)Jinghuis the lead accompaniment instrument in the Peking opera ensemble.Qinshiare the accompanists who playjinghu.Traditionally,jinghuwas regarded as a male instrument; femaleqinshifirst appeared in educational institutions subsidised by the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s. Nevertheless, till now, the-all-malejinghuperformance history and standards influenced by the virile ethos have deeply influenced contemporary femaleqinshi’s performances and recognition of their musicality and contributions tojinghuperformance. In this article, I explore the rise of femaleqinshi, their challenges tojinghuperformance conventions, and their contributions to contemporaryjinghuperformance.
Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World
Authors: Pepin N. C. , Arnone E. , Gobiet A. , Haslinger K. , Kotlarski S. , Notarnicola C. , Palazzi E. , Seibert P. , Serafin S. , Schöner W. , Terzago S. , Thornton J. M. , Vuille M. , Adler C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or amplify what is occurring elsewhere. Accelerating mountain climate change has extensive environmental impacts, including depletion of snow/ice reserves, critical for the world's water supply. Whilst the concept of elevation‐dependent warming (EDW), whereby warming rates are stratified by elevation, is widely accepted, no consistent EDW profile at the global scale has been identified. Past assessments have also neglected elevation‐dependent changes in precipitation. In this comprehensive analysis, both in situ station temperature and precipitation data from mountain regions, and global gridded data sets (observations, reanalyses, and model hindcasts) are employed to examine the elevation dependency of temperature and precipitation changes since 1900. In situ observations in paired studies (using adjacent stations) show a tendency toward enhanced warming at higher elevations. However, when all mountain/lowland studies are pooled into two groups, no systematic difference in high versus low elevation group warming rates is found. Precipitation changes based on station data are inconsistent with no systematic contrast between mountain and lowland precipitation trends. Gridded data sets (CRU, GISTEMP, GPCC, ERA5, and CMIP5) show increased warming rates at higher elevations in some regions, but on a global scale there is no universal amplification of warming in mountains. Increases in mountain precipitation are weaker than for low elevations worldwide, meaning reduced elevation‐dependency of precipitation, especially in midlatitudes. Agreement on elevation‐dependent changes between gridded data sets is weak for temperature but stronger for precipitation.
Extending Instrumental Sea‐Level Records Using Coral Microatolls, an Example From Southeast Asia
Authors: Majewski J. M. , Meltzner A. J. , Switzer A. D. , Shaw T. A. , Li T. , Bradley S. , Walker J. S. , Kopp R. E. , Samanta D. , Natawidjaja D. H. , Suwargadi B. W. , Horton B. P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe small number of reliable long‐term (i.e., >50 yrs) tide gauges in tropical locations is a major source of uncertainty in modern sea‐level change. Coral microatolls record relative sea‐level (RSL) change over their lifetimes and have the potential to extend the instrumental record. Here, we examined a 20th and 21st century RSL record from two living coral microatolls from Mapur Island, Indonesia, which produced 16 sea‐level index points. We validated and combined the living coral microatoll data with tide gauge data to show RSL at Mapur Island was 0.0 ± 1.6 mm/yr (2σ) from 1915 to 1990 and 1.0 ± 2.1 mm/yr (2σ) from 1990 to 2019. Through the addition of microatoll RSL data we extended the record of modern sea‐level change by over 50 years and reduced its uncertainty by ∼50%.
The Role of Metamorphic Fluid in Tectonic Tremor Along the Alpine Fault, New Zealand
Authors: Chapman Timothy , Milan Luke , Vry Julie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe production of H2O during metamorphism along active plate boundaries is inferred to contribute to low‐frequency tectonic tremor. This study combines predictions from phase equilibria and mechanical modeling of coincident volume changes to investigate links of tremor with hydrofracturing and fluid migration under the actively forming Southern Alps, New Zealand. The posited location of metamorphic fluid production correlates with published geophysical images of inferred permeability enhancement, fluid accumulation and potential fluid flow. As the hanging‐wall rocks are translated toward the surface by motion along the Alpine Fault, they can undergo metamorphic reactions that involve positive volume changes. Production of metamorphic fluids leads to hydrofracturing and the development of tremor hypocenters in regions along, and above deep reflectors of the Alpine Fault. The capacity of metamorphic rocks to generate or consume fluid along portions of the pressure–temperature path exerts a fundamental control on the distribution of stresses in the crust.
Statistical Behavior of Large‐Scale Ionospheric Disturbances From High Latitudes to Mid‐Latitudes During Geomagnetic Storms Using 20‐yr GNSS‐TEC Data: Dependence on Season and Storm Intensity
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Otsuka Yuichi , Sori Takuya , Tsugawa Takuya , Nishioka Michi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo establish the statistical behavior of ionospheric TEC variations from high latitudes to mid‐latitudes during the main and recovery phases of geomagnetic storms, we conducted a superposed epoch analysis of interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind, geomagnetic indices (AE and SYM‐H), and global navigation satellite system (GNSS)‐total electron content (TEC) data for 20 yr (2000–2019). In this study, we identify 663 geomagnetic storm events with the minimum SYM‐H value of less than −40 nT and investigate the characteristics of the TEC variations for the weak (−60 ≤ SYM‐Hmin < −40 nT), moderate (−100 ≤ SYM‐Hmin < −60 nT), and strong (−150 ≤ SYM‐Hmin < −100 nT) geomagnetic storms. The main results obtained from the present study are as follows: (a) The TEC enhancements related to the tongue of ionization (TOI), auroral oval, and storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume are more dominant in winter than in summer during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. (b) The structure of the mid‐latitude trough in the nighttime sector becomes unclear in winter. (c) The TEC depletion at auroral and mid‐latitudes (40°–70° GMLAT: geomagnetic latitude) starts to appear in the morning sector (8–10 hr GMLT: geomagnetic local time) during the main phase of geomagnetic storms and the decreased region extends in the lower latitude and GMLT directions with time. The negative storm activity tends to be enhanced significantly as the storm intensity becomes larger. The activity of the TEC depletion is dominant in summer than in winter, which is agreement with the classical ionospheric storm scenario.
Meteotsunamis in Orography‐Free, Flat Bathymetry and Warming Climate Conditions
Authors: Denamiel Cléa , Tojčić Iva , Vilibić Ivica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDue to a lack of suitable coupled atmosphere‐ocean modeling tools, the atmospheric source mechanisms that trigger the potentially destructive meteotsunami waves – which occur with periods ranging from a few minutes to a few hours – have remained partially unexplored until recently. In this process‐oriented numerical work we therefore investigate and quantify the impacts of orography and extreme climate changes on the generation and propagation of the atmospheric pressure disturbances that occurred during six different historical meteotsunami events in the Adriatic Sea. In addition, the impact of bathymetry, and hence Proudman resonance, on the propagation of the meteotsunami waves is investigated for the same ensemble of events. Our main findings can be summarized as follows: (a) Removing the mountains does not have a strong effect on either the generation or propagation of the meteotsunamigenic disturbances but may slightly increase their intensity, especially over land; (b) Extreme climate warming has the potential to increase the intensity of both atmospheric disturbances and meteotsunami waves near sensitive coastal areas; while (c) Flattening the bathymetry of the deepest Adriatic Sea tends to deflect the meteotsunami waves away from sensitive harbor locations. Such sensitivity studies, if generalized to other geographic locations with a higher number of events, may provide new insights into the still unknown physics of meteotsunami generation.
Reply to Comment by Azor et al. on “On the Rootless Nature of a Devonian Suture in SW Iberia (Ossa‐Morena Complex, Variscan Orogen): Geometry and Kinematics of the Azuaga Fault”
Authors: Fernández Rubén Díez , Fernández Carlos , Arenas Ricardo , Novo‐Fernández Irene 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGeological mapping, structural data, and analytical modeling by Díez Fernández et al. (2021),https://doi.org/10.1029/2021tc006791supported that the Central Unit belonged to a rootless Devonian suture zone contiguous to the SW of its exposure and under the upper section of the footwall to the Azuaga Fault. Late exhumation of the Central Unit was via extrusion from the upper‐middle crust under inclined triclinic sinistral transpression, which favored upright folding of the suture zone. Azor and coworkers argue that the upright folds that affect the Central Unit are local, despite geological maps and structural data demonstrate they are km‐scale and occur all across the Central Unit. Besides ignoring structural data regarding the kinematics of the Azuaga Fault, Azor et al. (2022),https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC006982fail to recognize the net upthrown movement of the NE side of the Azuaga Fault, as the Central Unit in that side is juxtaposed against syn‐orogenic strata that rest unconformably onto other metamorphic units in the SW side of the fault. Seismic data that image the Central Unit as a NE‐dipping rock package is used as an argument against the proposal by Díez Fernández et al. (2021),https://doi.org/10.1029/2021tc006791. However, the section of the Central Unit those data account for, are from a different part of the Central Unit, the real dip of some structures in the seismic image is not properly interpreted, and the model by Díez Fernández et al. (2021),https://doi.org/10.1029/2021tc006791is compatible with a Central Unit that also dips to the NE. Overall, the model proposed by Díez Fernández et al. (2021),https://doi.org/10.1029/2021tc006791remains valid.
Targeting prooxidant MnSOD effect inhibits triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression and M2 macrophage functions under the oncogenic stress
Authors: Al Haq Aushia Tanzih , Tseng Hong-Yu , Chen Li-Mei , Wang Chien-Chia , Hsu Hsin-Ling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been shown with high mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MnSOD (SOD2) is a mitochondrial antioxidant defense that has been implicated in inhibition of human malignancies. However, the impact of MnSOD on immunosuppressive macrophage functions and TNBC aggressiveness has never been explored. We found here that SOD2high is primarily observed in the aggressive subtypes of HER2(+) breast cancers and TNBCs patients. Further analyses demonstrated that the oncoprotein multiple copies in T-cell malignancy-1 (MCT-1 or MCTS1) induces mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in TNBC cells by stabilizing the transcription factor Nrf2. SOD2high/MCTS1high expression correlates with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. MnSOD in TNBC cells functions as a prooxidant peroxidase that increases mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and adaptation to oxidative stress under the oncogenic effect. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the MCT-1 pathway elevates Nrf2/MnSOD and mROS levels. Knockdown of MnSOD inhibits TNBC cell invasion, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), mROS, and IL-6 excretion promoted by MCT-1. TNBC cells deficient in MnSOD prevent the polarization and chemotaxis of M2 macrophages but improve the ability of M1 macrophages to engulf cancer cells. Quenching mROS with MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted non-metal-based antioxidant MnSOD mimics, effectively suppresses BCSCs and M2 macrophage invasion exacerbated by MnSOD and MCT-1. Consistently, silencing MnSOD impedes TNBC progression and intratumoral M2 macrophage infiltration. We revealed a novel stratagem for TNBC management involving targeting the MCT-1 oncogene-induced mitochondrial prooxidant MnSOD pathway, which prevents the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Hydrophilic nanoparticles that kill bacteria while sparing mammalian cells reveal the antibiotic role of nanostructures
Authors: Jiang Yunjiang , Zheng Wan , Tran Keith , Kamilar Elizabeth , Bariwal Jitender , Ma Hairong , Liang Hongjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo dissect the antibiotic role of nanostructures from chemical moieties belligerent to both bacterial and mammalian cells, here we show the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of nanoparticle-pinched polymer brushes (NPPBs) consisting of chemically inert silica nanospheres of systematically varied diameters covalently grafted with hydrophilic polymer brushes that are non-toxic and non-bactericidal. Assembly of the hydrophilic polymers into nanostructured NPPBs doesn’t alter their amicability with mammalian cells, but it incurs a transformation of their antimicrobial potential against bacteria, including clinical multidrug-resistant strains, that depends critically on the nanoparticle sizes. The acquired antimicrobial potency intensifies with small nanoparticles but subsides quickly with large ones. We identify a threshold size (dsilica ~ 50 nm) only beneath which NPPBs remodel bacteria-mimicking membrane into 2D columnar phase, the epitome of membrane pore formation. This study illuminates nanoengineering as a viable approach to develop nanoantibiotics that kill bacteria upon contact yet remain nontoxic when engulfed by mammalian cells.
Revisiting silk: a lens-free optical physical unclonable function
Authors: Kim Min Seok , Lee Gil Ju , Leem Jung Woo , Choi Seungho , Kim Young L. , Song Young Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor modern security, devices, individuals, and communications require unprecedentedly unique identifiers and cryptographic keys. One emerging method for guaranteeing digital security is to take advantage of a physical unclonable function. Surprisingly, native silk, which has been commonly utilized in everyday life as textiles, can be applied as a unique tag material, thereby removing the necessary apparatus for optical physical unclonable functions, such as an objective lens or a coherent light source. Randomly distributed fibers in silk generate spatially chaotic diffractions, forming self-focused spots on the millimeter scale. The silk-based physical unclonable function has a self-focusing, low-cost, and eco-friendly feature without relying on pre-/post-process for security tag creation. Using these properties, we implement a lens-free, optical, and portable physical unclonable function with silk identification cards and study its characteristics and reliability in a systemic manner. We further demonstrate the feasibility of the physical unclonable functions in two modes: authentication and data encryption.
Breaking constraint of mammalian axial formulae
Authors: Hauswirth Gabriel M. , Garside Victoria C. , Wong Lisa S. F. , Bildsoe Heidi , Manent Jan , Chang Yi-Cheng , Nefzger Christian M. , Firas Jaber , Chen Joseph , Rossello Fernando J. , Polo Jose M. , McGlinn Edwina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe vertebral column of individual mammalian species often exhibits remarkable robustness in the number and identity of vertebral elements that form (known as axial formulae). The genetic mechanism(s) underlying this constraint however remain ill-defined. Here, we reveal the interplay of three regulatory pathways (Gdf11, miR-196 and Retinoic acid) is essential in constraining total vertebral number and regional axial identity in the mouse, from cervical through to tail vertebrae. All three pathways have differing control over Hox cluster expression, with heterochronic and quantitative changes found to parallel changes in axial identity. However, our work reveals an additional role for Hox genes in supporting axial elongation within the tail region, providing important support for an emerging view that mammalian Hox function is not limited to imparting positional identity as the mammalian body plan is laid down. More broadly, this work provides a molecular framework to interrogate mechanisms of evolutionary change and congenital anomalies of the vertebral column.