bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HARVONI VERSUS 3D REGIMENS OUTCOMES AMONG HCV INFECTED PATIENTS VISITED KURDISTAN CENTRE FOR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (KCGH)
Authors: Lak Mohammed , Mohammed Mohammed , Mohammed Muhsin , Ahmad Ali 
Published: April 2022

Background
Approximately 3% of the world’s population is infected by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and more than 2/3rd of patients have chronic hepatitis. The recent revolutions in HCV treatment have led the World Health Organization to target its elimination as a public health threat by 2030.
Objectives
To evaluate and compare the efficacy of two therapeutic regimens in HCV management.
Patients and Methods
This is a comparative prospective clinical study was conducted on 88 patients with HCV at Kurdistan Center for gastroenterology and hepatology (KCGH) in a teaching hospital in the Sulaimaniah City-Kurdistan region of Iraq from January 2020 to December 2020.
The patients were divided into two groups; one group received Harvoni (sofosbuvir/ledipasvir), and the other group was given three-drug regimens (Exviera plus Viekrax (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir) for 12 weeks. The collected data before and after treatment were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 26.0).
Results
The patients’ mean age was found to be 38.6 years. Males were accounted for a more significant number of the patients (55.7%). The two groups were not significantly different in terms of age, gender, nationality, occupation, BMI, DM, and risk factors (P-value>0.05). But a significant difference was seen between them in terms of their initial glomerular filtration rate (p-value=0.003). In addition, the patients’ gender, age, and HCV genotype were not significantly correlated with their sustain virology response (SVR). Also, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of SVR after three months of treatment, such that more patients who received Harvoni achieved SVR. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the initial fibrosis stage and the patients’ SVR to the treatment (p-value=0.01).
Conclusion
Compared to the 3D regimens (Exviera plus Viekrax), Harvoni was more effective for treating patients with chronic HCV.
SMOKING CESSATION EXPERIENCE IN A SAMPLE OF MALE EVER SMOKERS IN ERBIL CITY
Authors: Jalal Dlovan , Mahmood Nazar , Al-Tawil Namir , Al-Hadithi Tariq 
Published: April 2022

Background
In 2015, around 1.1 billion people were smokers, constituting 14.9% of the world population. Worldwide more than six million peoples die from the direct effects of tobacco. Smoking is still the most important preventable cause of illness and premature death. According to World Health Organization, smoking in Iraq was 25.8% among males and 2.5% among females.
Objectives
To find out the proportion of ex-smokers in the studied sample, the ways of quitting smoking among ex-smokers, the quitting smoking experience among smokers, and the cause (s) of return back to smoking.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Erbil city, including 500 male employees of the headquarters of three ministries, Health, Education and Planning. All of them were either smokers or ex-smokers. Data was collected by direct interview with participants, using a questionnaire designed by the researchers. SPSS version 18 was used for data entry and analysis. The Chi-square test of association was used to compare proportions. P values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean age + SD was 39.2 + 11.6 years, ranging from 19 to 64 years. The proportion of those who quit successfully (ex-smokers) was 18 %. The majority (97.2%) of the studied sample had tried to quit smoking at least once in their life. The main reason behind quitting was anticipated health risks (66.3%). The majority (92.2%) stopped smoking suddenly. More than one third (38.5%) of those who ever tried to quit smoking had eagerness for cigarettes after quitting.
Conclusion
A considerable proportion of the studied sample have quit smoking, and the majority of them stopped smoking suddenly without the need for any intervention.
Observation of hemodynamic variability and level of blood cortisol while induction with propofol and etomidate: A prospective, randomized, double blind study
Authors: Deepesh  , Chaurasiya Manoj Kumar , Verma Anil Kumar , Agarwal Apurva 
Published: April 2022

: To observe the effects of propofol and etomidate induction on patients undergoing laproscopic cholecystectomies regarding serum cortisol level, hemodynamic parameters, pain on injection, myoclonus, and apnea on induction.: It is a prospective, randomized, double blind study. After approval from Institute Ethics Committee, sixty patients of age between 18 and 60 years with ASA grade I and II scheduled for laproscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (n=30) would receive injection propofol 2 mg/kg i.v., Group B (n=30) would receive injection etomidate 0.3 mg/kg i.v. as induction agent. Vital parameters at induction, laryngoscopy and thereafter recorded. Pain on injection, myoclonus, apnea on induction were carefully watched. Serum Cortisol is measured at 1 hour before induction and at 2 hours and 24 hours after induction.: Demographic variables and baseline parameters were comparable in both groups.Propofol group show significant decrease in heart rate and mean blood pressure after induction in comparison to etomidate group. Pain on injection was more in group A while myoclonus activity was higher in Group B. Serum cortisol level is significantly lower in Group B post induction compared to Group A which comes to above baseline after 24 hrs but in normal range. Etomidate is a better induction agent than propofol in view of hemodynamic stability but also led to chemical evidence of adrenocortical insufficiency in patients with ASA grade I & II undergoing elective laproscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia which returns to normal in 24 hrs.
Anatomical location of the vocal cords in relation to cervical vertebrae, a new predictor of difficult laryngoscopy: A descriptive cross sectional study
Authors: Shetty Anil , Bhaskar Varun , Kandagal Nagaraj , B G Harish 
Published: April 2022

Airway management is among the challenges faced by the anaesthesiologists. There are anatomical and clinical factors, which can predict the difficult laryngoscopy. In this study, the aim was to predict the easy and difficult laryngoscopy preoperatively by assessing the anatomy of patient’s head and neck. The objective was to assess the same by using the magnetic resonance imaging films of the neck. The study included 110 adult patients with existing preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans of neck. Preoperative anaesthetic assessment was done by using the thyromental distance, sternomental distance, body weight, mouth opening, Mallampati classification and head neck movement. The magnetic resonance imaging scans were screened for slices to visualise the vocal cords. A projection line was drawn to determinethe topography of vocal cords in relation to the cervical vertebrae. The ease of laryngoscopy by Cormack-Lehane grade was then correlated with the vertebral level of the vocal cords.The laryngoscopy was difficult in over weight patients (p&#60;0.001) and with smaller thyromental distance. It was also observed that the laryngoscopy was easy (p&#60;0.001), when the topographical location of vocal cords were related to C5 and hard, when they are at the level of C4 and C6 (p&#60;0.001). Magnetic resonance imaging films of neck could be used to evaluate the potential difficult laryngoscopy, preoperatively. It can be used along with the existing bedside tests like determination of thyromental distance, sternomental distance and modified Mallampati classification.
Biopotensi Bakteri Entomopatogen Isolat Lokal sebagai Pengendali Hayati Larva Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Yasmin Yekki , Azizah Nur 
Published: April 2022

The use of insecticides in the intensive control of Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars increases the environmental deterioration, the natural enemies, and threatening the user's health. The study aims to isolate, characterize, and determine the biological potential of local isolates of entomopathogen bacteria as the biological controlling agent on H. armigera larvae. Bacterial isolation was performed using a serial dilution followed by bacterial macroscopic and microscopic characterizations. A total of eight entomopathogen bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from this study, namely IBE 01, IBE 02, IBE 03, IBE 04, IBE 05, IBE 06, IBE 07, and IBE 08 with diverse morphological characters. The dead larvae generally showed soft, blackish/brownish, smelly, and watery characteristics. Characteristics due to infection with entomopathogen IBE 04 bacteria show the body of larvae that are soft, reddish, and smelly. The treatment of IBE 07 isolates results in the body of the dead larvae being easily ruptured, reddish, and smelly. The percentage of IBE on the mortality of H. armigera larvae is > 50%. The isolates with the highest percentage of killing the larvae were IBE 04 and IBE 07, at 94% and 88%, respectively.

Keywords: biocontrol, larvicide, entomopathogenic bacteria, Helicoverpa armigera
Bacillus endophyticus: Symbiotic Bacterium in Subterranean Termites Intestine (Blattodea: Termitoidae) from Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Mubin Nadzirum , Giyanto Giyanto , Harahap Idham Sakti 
Published: April 2022

Rayap merupakan serangga sosial yang berperan penting dalam perputaran siklus nutrisi. Di dalam sistem pencernaan rayap, terdapat simbion yang membantu proses degradasi selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri simbion yang terdapat di dalam saluran cerna rayap tanah. Penelitian diawali dengan koleksi rayap tanah di Kampus IPB University, diikuti isolasi bakteri simbion dari saluran cerna belakang (proktodeum) yang kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi, fisiologi, dan molekuler menggunakan gen 16S rRNA. Enam rayap tanah yang diperoleh adalah Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus, Microtermes insperatus, dan Capritermes mohri (Famili Termitidae); Schedorhinotermes javanicus dan Coptotermes curvignathus (Famili Rhinotermitidae). Dari enam rayap diperoleh 43 isolat dan satu isolat yang memiliki karakter umum. Isolat bakteri kode 8A_27F berwarna putih, elevasi seperti tombol dengan tepian licin. Dari uji fisiologis, isolat ini termasuk ke dalam bakteri Gram positif, berspora, dan bersifat aerob. Identifikasi dengan gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri tersebut memiliki tingkat kemiripan sebesar 98% dengan spesies Bacillus endophyticus.

Kata kunci: bakteri, rayap, 16S rRNA, simbion, proktodeum
Profil Komponen Volatil Beberapa Jenis Satai Menggunakan Kromatografi Gas
Authors: Indrasti Dias , Mukhlisin Muhammad Faqih , Darmawan Noviyan , Yuliana Nancy Dewi 
Published: April 2022

Satay as Indonesian food is made from several pieces of meat stabbed with a bamboo stick and grilled. Satay has a unique aroma because of the diversity in total organic volatile contents. Differences in volatile compounds are also influenced by species breed and processing method. Volatilomics is a method used to ensure the authenticity of meat products through the detection, characterization, and quantification of all volatile metabolites in biological systems. This study aims to evaluate volatile profiles in beef, chicken, pork satay, and their mixtures. The volatile components of satay were extracted using the solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) method and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. Data were analyzed by multivariate principles component analysis (PCA). Beef, chicken, and pork satays were identified as having 104,134, and 112 volatile compounds, respectively. Nonanal was a volatile compound with the highest intensity in beef satay samples, benzaldehyde in chicken satay, and cyclohexanol in pork satay. Volatile components of satay with different types of meat showed good separation using the PCA model. Beef, chicken, and pork satays are grouped separately. Mixed-meat satay containing pork was grouped next to the pork satay. Volatilomic analysis identified a hexanal compound was potential to be used as a marker to distinguish between pork and other meat satays in halal authentication process.

Keywords: beef, chicken, halal, pork, volatilomics
Deteksi Alih Fungsi Lahan Padi Sawah Menggunakan Sentinel-2 dan Google Earth Engine di Kota Serang, Provinsi Banten
Authors: Mulyaqin Tian , Kardiyono Kardiyono , Hidayah Ismatul , Ramadhani Fadhlullah , Yusron Muchamad 
Published: April 2022

Land is one of the main factors in rice production. However, the transfer of agricultural land functions to other sectors continues and becomes a challenge in the food supply in Indonesia. Serang City is one of the rice-producing areas in Banten Province. This study aims to analyze changes in the transfer of rice field functions to other sectors by mapping rice field cover using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery in 2021 compared to 2019 with the Random Forest method by using Google Earth Engine (GEE) applications and cloud computing support. The study results showed that the cover of rice fields in Serang City in 2021 decreased by 602.87 ha (-7.20%) compared to 2019 from the total land cover. Land cover in other vegetation was also reduced by 242 ha (-2.45%), while urban land cover in 2021 increased by 781.82 ha (10.89%). This study shows that there has been a change in land transfer in Serang City due to urban expansion in 3 years, as well as that the use of GEE can streamline monitoring of changes in land transfer and land use cover.

Keywords: rice field, Google Earth Engine, Sentinel-2
Karakteristik dan Evaluasi Prebiotik Tepung Biji Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden)
Authors: Khayrah Ummul , Prangdimurti Endang , Nuraida Lilis 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to carry out chemical characterization and evaluate the prebiotic potential of cempedak (Arthocarpun champeden) seed flour. Cempedak seeds were processed by boiling and roasting, then dried and grinded. Boiled cempedak seed flour (BCF), roasted cempedak flour (RCF), and untreated cempedak seed flour (UCF) were analyzed proximately and measured the profiles of total starch and undigestable carbohydrates, which included resistant starch, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Resistant starch content increased significantly (p<0.05) from 8% in UCF to 19% in BCF and RCF. Boiling and roasting treatments caused a decrease in SDF levels and an increase in IDF levels. The resistance of starch to hydrolysis by artificial gastric acid decreased after boiling. The value of prebiotic effect (PE) and prebiotic index (PI) showed a positive value of UCF on the growth of L. plantarum 1-S27202 (PE 0.27; PI 0.68) and the BCF on the growth of L. rhamnosus R23 (PE 0.18; PI 0.44).

Keywords: Artocarpus champeden, chempedak seeds, resistant starch, dietary fiber, prebiotic
Strategi Peningkatan Pajak Restoran pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Bogor
Authors: Daliati Ahjat Nia , Falatehan A Faroby , Hakim Dedi Budiman 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of covid 19 on restaurants, calculate potential income of restaurants and formulate a strategy for increasing restaurant taxes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Bogor City. The research population was 633 restaurants. Samples were taken based on the Slovin formula as many as 87 restaurants. The analytical methods used are descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analysis (cross section data), IFAS-EFAS Matrix, SWOT, and QSPM. The results showed that Covid-19 had an impact on a decreasing income, a decrease in the number of customer visits, and a decrease in the number of workers at restaurants in Bogor City. The potential for restaurant taxes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Bogor City based on survey results were 111.3 billion rupiah. Factors affecting restaurant income in Bogor City during the Covid-19 pandemic were the number of customer visits, the number of workers, and promotional activities. The main strategy for increasing restaurant taxes during the Covid-19 pandemic in Bogor City is updating restaurant data regularly.

Keywords: Bogor city, covid-19, restaurant tax
Seleksi, Karakterisasi Morfologi, dan Identifikasi Aktinobakteri Penghasil Mananase Asal Hutan Tanah Jambi untuk Produksi Mananoligosakarida
Authors: Wulan Rahayu , Astuti Rika Indri , Rukayadi Yaya , Estuningsih Sri , Meryandini Anja 
Published: April 2022

As the world's largest producer of crude palm oil, Indonesia also produces high palm kernel cake (PKC) by-products. PKC has a high mannan content, so it can be used to produce prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS). Enzymatic MOS production can be carried out using actinobacterial mannanase's microbiological approach. The HJ45B-1 isolate was the best isolate, with a peak enzyme production of 0,338 U/mL on the 10th day of incubation. The mannanase enzyme was stable in storage at 27°C. MOS production using 1% PKC substrate produced MOS with the best degree of polymerization (2-4) with incubation for 1-3 hours. Morphological characteristics and molecular identification based on the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the HJ45B-1 isolate was Streptomyces spp.

Keywords: actinobacteria, mannanase, mannan-oligosaccharides, palm kernel cake, Streptomyces
Pendugaan Erosi Tanah dan Perencanaan Tutupan Lahan Hulu DAS Jeneberang, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Aisyah Balqis Nur , Baskoro Dwi Putro Tejo , Murtilaksono Kukuh 
Published: April 2022

Soil erosion is the main cause of land degradation. Jeneberang watershed is one of the priority watersheds in Indonesia. It has a big problem related to erosion in the upstream area. Jeneberang watershed is important area, its function is as water catchment for Bili-bili reservoir. It is served for flood control, irrigation water sources, water and hydroelectric energy supply. The aims of this study were to analyze the soil erosion prediction based on existing condition; develop an ideal land cover scenario to decrease soil erosion; and suggest land cover planning recommendations based on tolerable soil loss indicators in the upstream of Jeneberang watershed. This study was conducted using map overlay method to determine the value of the erosion factor. Erosion was predicted based on Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Land scenarios and simulations was calculated by estimating the erosion in forest area and spatial planning land cover. The result showed that soil erosion of existing condition was approximately 813.1 tons/ha/year. The tolerable soil loss was only 22.9 tons/ha/year. The landuse scenario that chooses the lowest presumed erosion result is the implementation of spatial planning of Gowa district 2012-2032 with soil conservation technique applied. It can reduce erosion and sediment as 96.6% in upstream Jeneberang watershed.

Keywords: erosion, Jeneberang watershed, scenario, landuse
DILEMAS DO ENSINO REMOTO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL
Authors: Elaine Cristina do Nascimento  , Fabio Pereira Cabral  
Published: April 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as recentes publicações sobre os dilemas encontrados no Ensino Superior, no contexto do ensino remoto, a partir do período de pandemia da Covid-19. O ensino com a utilização de recursos tecnológicos como estratégia educativa vem ganhando espaço no cenário educacional, especialmente, por combinar atividades presenciais e on-line, entretanto existem dilemas acerca das interações tecnológicas nos espaços acadêmicos. Como aporte metodológico, utilizou-se o método de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), e, por meio dele, foram encontrados 72 artigos em 3 bases de dados (Scopus, SciELO e Web of Science). Para este estudo, foram selecionados 21 artigos, os quais foram classificados em 3 temas que compuseram a análise dos dados encontrados, a saber: desigualdades socioeconômicas dos discentes, práticas pedagógicas e ensino remoto. Nesses três tópicos, foram agrupados os artigos por similaridade. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a maioria dos artigos concordam que há uma tendência da permanência da modalidade híbrida de ensino e a necessidade do uso das tecnologias, bem como a necessidade de adaptação à modalidade remota com o uso das tecnologias de informação, embora haja desafios que transcendem questões estruturais, docentes e discentes, tais como: desigualdades socioeconômicas dos discentes, adaptação dos usos tecnológicos e adaptação ao “novo normal”.
Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. Pandemia. Ensino remoto.
A CRIAÇÃO DO DESIGN INSTRUCIONAL DO CURSO GESTÃO DE DESEMPENHO POR COMPETÊNCIAS: parceria UNICENTRO-UVPR-ADAPAR
Authors: Manuela Pires Weissbock Eckstein  , Giovane Galvão  , Jaqueline Almeida de Lima  , Bianca Emanuelly Horbus Pinheiro  , Marta Clediane Rodrigues Anciutti  
Published: April 2022

O Curso on-line “Gestão de Desempenho por Competências” é o resultado de uma parceria estabelecida entre a Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (Unicentro) e a Universidade Virtual do Paraná (UVPR), com o objetivo de proporcionar uma capacitação aos servidores da Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Paraná (Adapar), considerando suas necessidades e gaps. Para tal, utilizou-se da metodologia de microlearning e do Design Instrucional (DI) para elaboração de uma trilha formativa pautando-se na cultura organizacional da Adapar e as competências de comunicação, foco em resultado, planejamento e trabalho em rede. A criação do processo de Design Instrucional da formação foi baseada em sete etapas, a saber: metodologia do curso, storyboard, criação do layout do mapa da disciplina, preenchimento do mapa da disciplina, correção do mapa, alimentação e teste da plataforma e lançamento do curso. A trilha formativa foi desenvolvida de modo a direcionar os diálogos propostos pelos docentes, com abordagens práticas e colaborativas, apresentando estudos de casos reais existentes na Adapar para que, dessa maneira, seus colaboradores produzissem estratégias de melhorias. As disciplinas foram organizadas em cards temáticos (Challenge, Bag, Cases, Mentoria e Debriefing), possibilitando ao discente um circuito de conhecimentos, desafios e trocas de saberes. A busca colaborativa do saber torna os sujeitos ativos e partícipes na construção da qualidade do ambiente de trabalho. O curso foi ofertado pela plataforma virtual de aprendizagem Moodle, por meio de momentos assíncronos com estudos de caso e reuniões síncronas com o uso do Google Meet. A parceria entre Unicentro, UVPR e Adapar evidencia a importância da universidade pública como propulsora de projetos educativos inovadores, oferecendo cursos de formação continuada para o público em geral.
Palavras-chave: Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem. Competências. Gestão de desempenho. Microlearning.