bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization Of Methyl Ester Sulfonate As a Surfactant Raw Material in the Scouring, Bleaching and Dyeing Process of Rayon Fabric
Authors: Luciana Luciana , Rizkiah Riza 
Published: March 2022

The use of surfactants from palm oil as a wetting agent can be applied in the textile wet processes. Used cooking oil that has been through esterification and transesterification processes can be used as a raw material for surfactants. During this process, methyl ester sulfonate has been formed as a surfactant raw material. MES surfactant as an active ingredient in detergents has a detergency ability in water with a high hardness level, has a tolerance property to Ca 2+ ions, has a low foaming rate, and has good stability to pH. The purpose of this research is to utilize used cooking oil that has been processed through esterification, transesterification, and sulfonation for the surfactant manufacturing process which will later be used for wet textile processes and to determine the optimum concentration of surfactant produced in the cooking and dyeing process of rayon compared to commercial surfactants (teepol). The experiments carried out were the process of making surfactants from methyl esters into sulfonate methyl esters, through the processes of sulfonation, purification and neutralization. Then, testing the wetting time, absorbency of the fabric and testing the resistance of acid, base, and hardness. Then the surfactant product is applied to the cooking and bleaching processes simultaneously, then the dyeing process is continued with the surfactant as a cloth wetting agent in the dyeing process. Then tested the age and evenness of the dyed fabric color. The results showed that MES surfactant has almost the same properties as a teepol, which holds it hard and not resistant to acids and bases. It has a good wetting ability and can reduce surface tension so that the fabric can absorb water in 23,36 seconds. The optimum conditions were achieved in MES surfactant concentrations using 2 ml / L in the scouring bleaching process (simultaneous) and 2 ml / L in the dyeing process. The color saturation is 25.6148 and the color evenness results in a standard deviation of 0.395.
The Linguistic Practices in Social Media in the Algerian Context: between Human Relations Reinforcement and Hate Speech Proliferation
Authors: Benabed Ammar 
Published: March 2022

The current study is an attempt to address some of the issues surrounding social media use with more emphasis on their role in reinforcing human relationships and spreading hatred speech. For the sake of presenting a comprehensive overview of the issue, a blend of quantitative and qualitative methodologies was implemented in the present study to analyse presence and incidence of hate speech and friendly relationship discourse in social media. To embark on such endeavour, a mixed- method, encompassing both a questionnaire and corpus analysis, is adopted. The targeted sample of the questionnaire’s addressees consists of social media users (n=100) from different categories of people. The second tool comprises a set of messages, comments and posts that are collected from different social media, especially Facebook. The findings revealed that hate speech, based on ethnicity, race, tribe, skin color, religion and physical appearance, is becoming prevalent among social media users, surpassing the spread of human relationships.
Socio-Geospatial Characteristic of Communities Affected by Contemporary Hydrometeorological Disaster During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Cimanggung Sub-District, Sumedang District, West Java Province
Authors: Wilopo Wilopo , Puspasari Poetika , Sutisna Sobar , Maarif Syamsul , Widana I Dewa Ketut Kerta 
Published: March 2022

Hydrometeorological disasters has dominated the list of disasters in Indonesia in recent years. Cimanggung Sub-District in Sumedang District which located in West Java Province is one of the areas experiencing hydrometeorological disasters, namely landslides and floods in January 2021. This disaster event is an example of an interesting phenomenon to conduct innovative research in the context of disaster management that occurred in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Thus, this research aims to analyze the socio-geospatial characteristics of the affected community so that it can explore the level of survival capacity of the community affected by the contemporary hydrometeorological disaster through the identification of its socio-geospatial characteristics in Cimanggung Sub-District, Sumedang District. This study uses an exploratory survey method for social and geospatial parameters and will be analyzed quantitative qualitative sequential with the GIS-Overlay technique based on observation data and field surveys and the results of interviews with affected communities. The results showed that: 1). The characteristics possessed by the people of Cimanggung Sub-District and the landslide disaster during the Covid-19 pandemic that occurred influenced each other both positively and negatively; 2). Geospatial characteristics in Cimanggung Sub-District basically place the local community's livelihood at risk of landslide hazard; and 3). Landslides and floods during the Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in Cimanggung Sub-Distruct had a domino impact on the community which greatly affected the dimensions of human security. Morphological conditions affect the characteristics of people who have community attachment to fellow communities and their environment. However, this characteristic is also an obstacle in the housing relocation process that will be carried out by the government. On the other hand, the community attachment has the nature of mutual cooperation helps the disaster emergency response process so that it is carried out more effectively.
Mähen im Schongang
Authors: Schaal René 
Published: March 2022

Frankfurt a.M. Das weltweite Insektensterben ist gut untersucht und dokumentiert. Die Gründe dafür liegen aber nicht nur im Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln und sinkender Biodiversität. Denn viele Nutzinsekten fallen Landmaschinen zum Opfer.
Coupled effects of observation and parameter uncertainty on urban groundwater infrastructure decisions
Authors: Mautner Marina R. L. , Foglia Laura , Herman Jonathan D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Urban groundwater management requires complex environmental models to represent interactions between hydrogeological processes and infrastructure systems. While the impacts of external uncertainties, such as climate and population growth, have been widely studied, there is limited understanding of how decision support is altered by endogenous uncertainties arising from model parameters and observations used for calibration. This study investigates (1) the importance of observation choice and parameter values on aquifer management objectives when controlling for model error and (2) how the relative performance of management alternatives varies when exposed to endogenous uncertainties, both individually and in combination. We use a spatially distributed groundwater model of the Valley of Mexico, where aquifer management alternatives include demand management, targeted infiltration, and wastewater reuse. The effects of uncertainty are evaluated using global sensitivity analysis, performance ranking of alternatives under a range of human–natural parameters, and identification of behavioral parameter sets filtered with an error metric calculated from varying subsets of observations. Results show that the parameters governing hydraulic conductivity and total water use in the basin have the greatest effect on management objectives. Error metrics (i.e., squared residuals of piezometric head) are not necessarily controlled by the same parameters as the head-based objectives needed for decision-making. Additionally, observational and parameter uncertainty each play a larger role in objective variation than the management alternatives themselves. Finally, coupled endogenous uncertainties have amplifying effects on decision-making, leading to larger variations in the ranking of management alternatives than each on their own. This study highlights how the uncertain parameters of a physically based model and their interactions with uncertain observations can affect water supply planning decisions in densely populated urban areas.
The damaging character of shallow 20th century earthquakes in the Hainaut coal area (Belgium)
Authors: Camelbeeck Thierry , Van Noten Koen , Lecocq Thomas , Hendrickx Marc 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The present study analyses the impact and damage of shallow seismic activity that occurred from the end of the 19th century until the late 20th century in the coal area of the Hainaut province in Belgium. This seismicity is the second-largest source of seismic hazard in north-western Europe after the Lower Rhine Embayment. During this period, five earthquakes with moment magnitudes (Mw) around 4.0 locally caused moderate damage to buildings corresponding to maximum intensity VII on the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98).
Reviewing intensity data from the official macroseismic surveys held by the Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), press reports and contemporary scientific studies resulted in a comprehensive macroseismic intensity dataset. Using this dataset, we created macroseismic maps for 28 earthquakes, established a new Hainaut intensity attenuation model and a relationship linking magnitude, epicentral intensity and focal depth. Using these relationships, we estimated the location and magnitude of pre-1985 earthquakes that occurred prior to deployment of the modern digital Belgian seismic network. This resulted in a new updated earthquake catalogue for the Hainaut area for the 1887–1985 period, including 124 events. A comparison with other areas worldwide where currently similar shallow earthquake activity occurs suggests that intensity attenuation is strong in Hainaut. This high attenuation and our analysis of the cumulative effect of the Hainaut seismicity indicate that current hazard maps overestimate ground motions in the Hainaut area. This reveals the need to use more appropriate ground motion models in hazard issues. Another strong implication for earthquake hazard comes from the reliability of the computed focal depths that helps clarifying the hypotheses about the origin of this seismicity. Some events were very shallow and occurred near the surface up to a depth not exceeding 1 km, suggesting a close link to mining activities. Many events, including the largest shallow events in the coal area before 1970, occurred at depths greater than 2 km, which would exclude a direct relationship with mining, but still might imply a triggering causality. A similar causality can also be questioned for other events that occurred just outside of the coal area since the end of the mining works.
Upaya Meningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Anak di Kampung Cikondang Ds.Cimahi Kec.Cicantanyan Kab Sukabumi
Authors: Wowon  , Utomo  , Meisya Lavil Muthia , Dwi Takari Zuliana , Kurniawan  , Muslih Muhamad , Pradiftha Junfithrana Anggy , Destria Arianti Nunik 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperkenalkan rumah baca yang berada di kampung cikondang RT 35 RW 11 desa cimahi kecamatan cicantayan yang dibuat , oleh Bu Marina dengan alasan di kampung tersebut anak-anak yang berusia 7-12 tahun masih minim dalam belajar khususnya bidang membaca.Lingkungan di kampung cikondang tidak mendukung anak-anak untuk bisa membaca dikarenakan oleh faktor ekonomi keluarga yang dapat dikatakan rendah, sehingga orang tua lebih fokus pada pekerjaannya dibandingkan mengajarkan anak-anaknya untuk membaca, padahal membaca adalah hal yang penting dalam berpendidikan. Pasalnya tanpa membaca kemampuan anak tidak akan berkembang dengan semestinya. Alasan melakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan rumah baca yang telah dibuat oleh Bu Marina tersebut. Dengan melihat keadaan yang terjadi di lingkungannya membuat hati merasa tergerak untuk melakukan penetilian. Karena seiring perkembangan zaman dan teknologi semakin maju, maka diharapkan anak-anak yang berada di daerah tersebut dapat lebih berkembang dan ikut maju dalam aspek pendidikan khususnya membaca.
Model Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang Efektif pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Syihabudin Syahna Apriani , Ratnasari Trisna 
Published: March 2022

Model Pembelajaran adalah dasar proses pembelajaran bahasa. Model pembelajaran ini dapat membantu dan mempermudah siswa dalam proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan prestasi belajar siswa. Pembelajaran bahasa harus mempertimbangkan fisik, minat, kecerdasan, dan lingkungan belajar siswa. Pendidikan bahasa Indonesia merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang perlu diajarkan kepada para siswa disekolah. Tak heran apabila mata pelajaran ini diberikan sejak masih bangku SD hingga lulus SMA. Dari situ siswa diharapkan sisa mampu menguasai, memahami, dan dapat mengimplementasikan keterampilan berbahasa. Seperti membaca, menyimak, menulis dan berbicara. Pendidikan di era-modern di tuntut dengan suatu hal yang baru, hal ini di karenakan dalam pengajaran suatu pembelajaran di suatu sekolah secara khusus berbeda-beda tergantung dari materi, media dan metode yang digunakan. Pengajaran yang konvensional saat ini membuat siswa merasa jenuh akan proses pembelajaran sehingga diperlukan suatu pembelajaran yang menarik perhatian siswa khususnya pada pendidikan sekolah dasar. Sampai ketingkat-tingkat selanjutnya pola yang digunakan juga praktis tidak mengalami perubahan yang sangat signifikan. Pengajaran bahasa Indonesia yang monoton telah mebuat para siswa mulai merasa gejala kejenuhan akan belajar terutama dalam bahasa Indonesia. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia tidak dimasukkan untuk mempelajari fonologi, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik secara tepisah-pisah. Fonolofi, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik diajarkan dalam konteks perlunya unsur bahasa itu untuk memproduksi bahasa yang baik dan benar dan komunikatif. Hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah konteks penggunaannya, tujuan belajar bahasa adalah memperoleh kemampuan menggunakan bahasa untuk berbagai keperluan, sesuai dengan pendekatan komunikatif dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Setiap permainan bahasa yang dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran harus secara langsung dapat menunjang tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran.
Iklim Belajar Demokratis dalam Penerapan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ratnasari Desi 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan suasana demokrasi ruang kelas sekolah yang menerapkan manajemen berbasis sekolah. Kuesioner dibagikan kepada 72 guru dan 1380 siswa dari 12 sekolah dasar. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa (1) iklim demokratis tingkat moderat, (2) lebih banyak variasi iklim demokratis ditemukan di tingkat siswa dari pada tingkat sekolah, (3) faktor yang mempengaruhi iklim demokratis adalah genre siswa, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, pembelajaran keluarga dukungan, guru, tingkat pendidikan dan pengalaman mengajar guru, dan (4) sekolah yang menerapkan manajemen berbasis sekolah mengungguli dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tidak menerapkannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan menggunakan rancangan hierarkis (multilevel design) bedasarkan asumsi dasar bahwa kondisi dan batas sosial, termasuk pendidikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu iklim demokratis di dalam kelas pada umumnya sedang-sedang saja, belum optimal tetapi tidak pula rendah. Namun demikian sekolah-sekolah yang menerapkan MBS menunjukkan skor yang agak lebih tinggi daripada sekolah lainnya.
Growing Student's Learning Interest Through the Use of Integrated E-Learning Media Daily Activities
Authors: Ilhan Azmy Muhammad , Alparuq Pariz , Ardiansyah Rizqi , Cahyana Wahyudi , Adela Dhea 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out how enthusiasm and interest in learning of students during a pandemic takes place. As is the case today, all forms of community activities are limited due to the Covid-19 virus pandemic, including in the field of education which is one of the main focuses of every nation in living life. Of course, a solution is needed to be able to overcome the problem of education in the midst of this pandemic. The problem that oft en occurs in education during a pandemic is the mechanism of teaching and learning activities. The solution given in overcoming this problem is the e-learning method of learning . The e-learning method of learning is an educational system or concept that utilizes information technology in the teaching and learning process. This research was conducted using a literature study research method, which examines various reference sources, which are obtained from journals or scientific articles, both from print and online media. The results of this study are expected to increase the awareness of students in learning, even though using the e-leaning method, and so that students can adapt to the technology used
ANALISIS FINANCIAL DISTRESS BANK UMUM MILIK NEGARA (BUMN) MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Herlin  
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze financial distress using the Altman (Z-Score) method at Bank Umum Milik Negara (BUMN) during pandemin Covid 19. The results showed that PT. BRI (Persero) Tbk with a condition that is not financial distress in years 2015 and 2016. In years 2017, 2018 and 2019 included in the gray area. PT. BNI 46 (Persero) Tbk in years 2015 meaning is not financial distress. Years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 this means it is included in the gray area. PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, in year 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 it is included in a gray area. PT. BTN (Persero) Tbk in year 2015 included in the gray area, years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 this shows that PT. BTN (Persero) Tbk expriencing financial distress
SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING PERKEMBANGAN ANAK BALITA MENGGUNAKANSISTEM PAKAR
Authors: Sembiring Falentino , Anggi Dewi Citra , Saepudin Sudin , Mupaat Mupaat , Gustian Dudih 
Published: March 2022

Secara umum sistem pakar berusaha mengadopsi pengetahuan manusia (pakar) ke komputer, agar komputer dapat menyelesaikan masalah seperti layaknya seseorang pakar, seorang pakar yang memiliki keahlian tertentu dapat memecahkan masalah sesuai dengan bidang keahlian yang dimilikinya. Anak-anak merupakan fase yang paling rentan dan sangat perlu diperhatikan satu demi satu tahap perkembangannya. Perkembangan anak yang tidak diawasi sejak dini dengan cermat dan teliti sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan selanjutnya. Hambatan perkembangan adalah permasalahan anak yang mengalami gangguan perkembangan dan mempunyai kesulitan untuk berkembang secara optimal, padahal disisi lainnya anak bisa berkembang secara normal dan sangat cerdas diatas rata-rata, oleh sebab itu orang tua harus menyadari hal ini sejak dini. Banyak faktor yang mengakibatkan gangguan perkembangan pada anak. Salah satunya adalah kesalahan yang sering dibuat oleh orangtua selalu beranggapan bahwa kelainan dalam perkembangan anaknya akan hilang dengan sendirinya dengan berjalannya waktu. Dan orangtua selalu berpandangan bahwa dalam perkembangan bahasa belum dimulai sampai anak umur satu tahun dan tidak perlu khawatir adanya kelainan bahasa sampai anak berumur 2 tahun. Hal ini juga bisa disebabkan karena kurangnya sarana informasi mengenai perkembangan anak tersebut, seperti sulitnya mendapatkan seorang ahli dalam bidang gangguan perkembangan pada tiap-tiap Rumah Sakit dikarenakan minimnya para ahli dibidang tersebut mengakibatkan orang tua bersikap tidak peduli terhadap gangguan yang terjadi pada anaknya tersebut
PERENCANAAN STRATEGI SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TOGAF ARCHITECTURE DEVELOPMENT METHOD
Authors: Mupaat Mupaat , Difa Antadipura Sarah , Gustian Dudih , Mupaat Mupaat , Muslih Muhamad , Sihabudin Sihabudin 
Published: March 2022

Rumah Kecantikan tiga gadis merupakan salah satu dari beberapa bisnis yang berlokasi di Karang tengah Cibadak Sukabumi. Bisnis ini menawarkan semua hal tentang perawatan kulit, makeup, dan fashion untuk yang termuda hingga yang tertua terutama untuk seorang pria. Dalam kegiatan bisnis proses, Three Sister's telah menerapkan perencanaan strategis, tetapi dalam prospek ini perencanaan telah meleset ditargetkan sehingga tidak dapat direalisasikan dengan baik, masalah mengenai proses pengumpulan data produk yang dijual dan memesan data untuk pelanggan kadang-kadang hanya ditulis, dimasukkan kedalam Ms.Word dan Ms.Excel. Di momen ganjil, produk share and promotion Three Sister di media sosial, komunitas kecantikan memiliki setiap aturan jika ingin memposting di grup. Sehingga, Three Sister's House of Beauty harus merencanakan strategi Sistem Informasi dan strategi teknologi informasi untuk menjadi proses bisnis yang baik di masa depan. Kesimpulannya, perencanaan strategis untuk menerapkan Arsitektur Perusahaan adalah salah satu solusi terbaik untuk mendukung bisnis atau organisasi. Jadi dengan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan studi Togaf ADM untuk mendukung Sistem Informasi Penjualan yang terintegrasi,tepat sasaran.
Négritude et Amérique Latine: From the Black South Atlantic to the Third World
Authors: Bournot Estefanía 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In the second half of the twentieth century, during the rise of Third World internationalism, a series of conferences and festivals took place on both sides of the Atlantic, which were fundamental for the articulation of a Pan-African global community that linked the continent with its diaspora. These meetings provided spaces of encounter and circulation of ideas among artists and intellectuals, who were able to connect the struggles and emancipatory imagination of Afro-descendant peoples beyond national boundaries. This article focuses on the Négritude et Amérique latine conference, held in Dakar in 1974, under the ideological and political patronage of Léopold Sédar Senghor. It discusses the role of Négritude both as an ideological and political movement that sought to extend solidarity networks between Africans and Afro-descendants and served as ideological grounding of Senghorian politics. The author considers the Dakar conference as a trigger for an international cultural diplomacy articulated on the idea of a “racial fraternity” and Third World solidarity, which gain strength during the cold war in particular and constitutes a fundamental episode of the formation of the Global South not only as a geopolitical but also as a historical concept.
Insurgent Afterlife: Latin America, the Left, and Contemporary U.S. Multiethnic Literature
Authors: Orihuela Sharada Balachandran 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This article explores how a range of U.S. writers have generically, representationally, and linguistically engaged with radical left-wing social movements in the Global South. In staging their revolutions in Latin America and in employing insurgencies “from below” as a mode for imagining a political afterlife for the United States, these writers employ a deterritorialized and relational use of the term “Global South” to broadly refer to the kinds of “resistant political imaginaries” shared by persons of color and marginalized communities across the hemisphere and the world. However, this article argues the Global South in these multiethnic works is more than a simple device to connect to a collective memory shared by marginalized communities in the United States and populations who suffered under dictatorial regimes in Latin America. In fact, its deployment mimics the most effective counterinsurgency campaigns launched in the Global South. By taking the Global South as a dynamic framework for analyzing multiethnic U.S. literature, my essay prompts us to read the canon of U.S. multiethnic literature very differently and to see the long afterlife of the limits and failures of coopting Latin American social movements to imagine alternative futures in the United States.