bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Protocollen van de Wijzen van Zion
Authors: Cools Marc , Siegel Dina 
Published: November 2022

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion – The eternal Judeo-Masonic conspiracy
The ‘Protocols of the Elders of Zion’ refer to a congress where the Jews allegedly discussed how they were going to conquer the world. Since its first publication, the text has been used as an instrument to justify antisemitism. Freemasonry was almost immediately pointed to as the instrument the Jews could use to achieve their goals. The Judeo-Masonic conspiracy was born and until today it continues to be one of the best known and most widely disseminated conspiracy theories. This contribution discusses the history of the ‘Protocols’ and Masonic rituals and symbols, respectively.
PROFIL TINGKAT KESULITAN GURU MATEMATIKA DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS HOTS DILIHAT DARI DIMENSI PENILAIAN
Authors: Sufa Fatma Fela 
Published: November 2022

Pembelajaran diadakan proses evaluasi atau penilaian bermanfaat untuk mendukung peningkatan dalam pembelajaran, dalam penilaian diperlukan adanya instrumen yang mendukung peserta didik untuk memiliki kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesulitan guru matematika Madrasah Aliyah Se-Kabupaten Tuban dalam menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) dalam dimensi penilaian. Permasalahan kesulitan guru dalam dimensi penilaian pembelajaran HOTS tersebut dibutuhkan kemampuan guru untuk menilai hasil belajar, menilai proses pembelajaran, dan mengolah nilai dalam bentuk nilai persentase. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini mempunyai populasi yaitu guru matematika yang hanya mengajar padatingkat Madrasah Aliyah Se-Kabupaten Tuban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei angket melalui aplikasi Zoho Formulir dengan menyebarkan link angket. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tingkat kesulitan guru matematika Madrasah Aliyah Se-Kabupaten Tuban terhadap penerapan Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) dilihat dari dimensi penilaian pada kategori “sangat sulit” sebesar 0% (0 guru), kategori “sulit” 39% (13 guru), kategori “cukup sulit” 61% (20 guru), kategori “tidak sulit” 0% (0 guru), “sangat tidak sulit” 0% (0 guru), jadi tingka kesulitan guru matematika dalam penerapan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS dilihat dari dimensi penilaian masuk dalam kategori cukup sulit.
Kata Kunci: HOTS, Penilaian Pembelajaran, Kesulitas Guru.
One-dollar medications: evaluating the true cost
Authors: Shea Leticia A. , Sorauf Kellen J. , Polson Ksenia S. , Calderon Bianca , Poupard Marlee , Zolnir-Groshong Alex 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Dollar stores offer access to medications. Reports of adulteration and violations of good manufacturing practice (GMP) of the medications sold at these stores raise concern. Additionally, medications may be used inappropriately for self-treatment, resulting in suboptimal care and safety concerns. Is the cost of one-dollar medications truly a cost saving for consumers?
Methods: This was a cross-sectional evaluation of medications sold in dollar stores. Medications were reviewed from December 2018 through July 2021. Researchers evaluated price comparisons of medications sold in dollar stores in comparison to those sold in pharmacies, assessed the quantity of the medication products from the manufacturer that had committed violations of GMP, and conducted a qualitative analysis of the safety of the medications for self- treatment with respect to current guidelines. Mann-Whitney U price analysis was performed between dollar store products and generic pharmacy products.
Results: The cost per unit of pain medication was significantly higher for purchases at dollar stores (Mdn = 0.045) in comparison to generic pain medications sold in pharmacies (Mdn = 0.030), W = 251.5, p = 0.013. There was no statistical difference in the costs of all other medications. The majority of the medications (59%) were from the manufacturer that had committed violations of GMP. Only second-line treatment options were available, providing suboptimal treatments and increased risks for adverse effects and poorer control of symptoms.
Conclusion: Consumers are not attaining a cost benefit when purchasing dollar store medications. Medications sold in settings in which a healthcare professional is not accessible should be limited to acute use dosing in place of packaging for chronic use. Additionally, further research is needed to determine if the violations determined for medications sold at the dollar store have been remedied.
Evaluation of modified semi– micro method for estimation of glucose using GOD POD endpoint assay
Authors: VINCY SHERAFIN JANCY , Chandrasekar Mathialagan 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The present study evaluated a modified semi-micro (SMic) protocol with conventional macro (CMac) protocol for serum glucose level estimation using a semi-autoanalyser. Three hundred blood samples were collected from patients (ages 22 to 84) of Loyola Health Centre, Chennai. Each serum sample was aliquoted into two tubes, one for CMac protocol and the other for SMic protocol. Blood Glucose was estimated by GOD-POD endpoint assay for both methods using a semi-autoanalyser. Mann-Whitney U test revealed Kappa value 0.901 (se = 0.036) at 95% confidence interval for kappa = 0.831 to 0.971 and showed no significant differences (p < 0.0001) between two protocol. The SMic protocol reduces the test cost and provides an opportunity to screen many samples with fewer reagents. We conclude that SMic can be used as an alternative to CMac protocol to estimate serum glucose concentrations in diabetic patients.
Keywords: Serum glucose, diabetes mellitus, semi-auto analyser, SMic, CMac, GOD-POD.
3 - The Rocket in the Haystack: Between Nasser’s Developmental Vision and the Neo-Imperialist Mission
Authors: Megahed Kareem , Ghannam Omar 
Published: November 2022

This article assesses Gamal Abdel Nasser’s efforts to transform Egypt’s postcolonial economy via his industrialisation policies, drawing lessons for today from both his successes and shortcomings. By analysing outcomes through indicators of industrial production, employment patterns, productivity, and main beneficiaries in the post-independence period, the article critiques Nasser’s incremental approach, the undermining of workers’ movements, and the limiting nature of ‘state feminism’, which contributed to the failure to achieve full economic and political independence, leading to its eventual collapse in the face of imperialist resurgence. Nasser’s industrialisation project, however, does demonstrate the superiority of active policy intervention, particularly of planning and import-substitution- industrialisation, and suggests the need to pursue central planning, economic inclusion, self-sufficiency, and social production aimed at meeting the material needs of the population in the contemporary period.

Kareem Megahed, Political economy, history researcher / Post-Colonialisms Today researcher. Email: k.megahed@sjplatform.org
Omar Ghannam, Political economy researcher / Post-Colonialisms Today researcher. Email: o.ghannam@sjplatform.org
Nocturia as a clinical indicator of severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its response to CPAP or surgical treatment
Authors: Labra Alberto , Roldan-Navarro Montserrat , Haro-Valencia Reyes , Sánchez-Narvaez Francisco , Ruiz-Morales Mauricio 
Published: November 2022

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common condition that has been associated to a number of metabolic, cardiovascular and cognitive consequences. Its diagnosis relies on a polysomnographic or polygraphic study, but clinical findings remain as an important part of the diagnostic process. Nocturia is a common symptom that may indicate severe OSAS, but it is often forgotten in the initial evaluation of these kind of patients. Positive airway pressure (CPAP) is known to reduce nocturia, but the roll of surgery is not clear about it.
Material and Methods A case series is presented. We compare 2 groups of male adults with severe OSAS, the first group treated with CPAP for 3 months, while group 2 underwent a multilevel surgical management. Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the nocturia events number (NEN) were assessed before and after the treatment. Frequencies, descriptive statistics and a related sample Student’s t-test were performed for statistical analysis.
Results 97 male patients were included, age ranged from 29 to 71 years old. In group 1, treated with CPAP, AHI mean was 54.59 and nocturia mean 4.53 before treatment. With CPAP, the AHI mean was 6.63 and NEN mean 0.51. In group 2, AHI mean before surgery was 40.02, NEN mean 3.78, and after the surgical management AHI mean was 7.74 and NEN mean 0.7. Student’s t-test in groups 1 and 2 showed a p=0.000.
Conclusions AHI and NEN were clearly related in both groups, and the improvement of NEN and AHI were consistent in both groups, the CPAP and the surgical treatment. The presence of a NEN value of 4-5 may be an indicator of severe OSAS and should always be clinically evaluated.
Correlation between snoring sounds and obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a meta-regression analysis
Authors: Chiang Jui-Kun , Lin Yen-Chang , Lu Chih-Ming , Kao Yee-Hsin 
Published: November 2022

Objective Snoring is a dominant clinical symptom in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and analyzing snoring sounds might be a potential alternative to polysomnography (PSG) for the assessment of OSA. This study aimed to systematically examine the correlation between the snoring sounds and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as the measures of OSA severity.
Material and Methods A comprehensive literature review using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed databases identified the published studies reporting the correlations between and severity of snoring and the AHI values by meta-regression analysis.
Results In total, 13 studies involving 3,153 adult patients were included in this study. The pooled correlation coefficient for snoring sounds and AHI values was 0.71 (95%CI: 0.49, 0.85) from the random-effects meta-analysis with the Knapp and Hartung adjustment. The I
2 and chi-square Q test demonstrated significant heterogeneity (97.6% and p<0.001). After adjusting for the effects of the other covariates, the mean value of the Fisher’s r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient would have 0.80 less by the snoring rate (95%CI = -1.02, -0.57), 1.46 less by the snoring index (95%CI = -1.85, -1.07), and 0.21 less in the mean body mass index (95%CI = -0.31, -0.11), but 0.15 more in the mean age (95%CI = 0.10, 0.20). It fitted the data very well (R
2=0.9641).
Conclusion A high correlation between the severity of snoring and the AHI was found in the studies with PSG. As compared to the snoring rate and the snoring index, the snoring intensity, the snoring frequency, and the snoring time interval index were more sensitive measures for the severity of snoring.
Microprediction
Authors: Cotton Peter 
Published: November 2022

How a web-scale network of autonomous micromanagers can challenge the AI revolution and combat the high cost of quantitative business optimization.
The artificial intelligence (AI) revolution is leaving behind small businesses and organizations that cannot afford in-house teams of data scientists. In Microprediction, Peter Cotton examines the repeated quantitative tasks that drive business optimization from the perspectives of economics, statistics, decision making under uncertainty, and privacy concerns. He asks what things currently described as AI are not “microprediction,” whether microprediction is an individual or collective activity, and how we can produce and distribute high-quality microprediction at low cost. The world is missing a public utility, he concludes, while companies are missing an important strategic approach that would enable them to benefit—and also give back.
In an engaging, colloquial style, Cotton argues that market-inspired “superminds” are likely to be very effective compared with other orchestration mechanisms in the domain of microprediction. He presents an ambitious yet practical alternative to the expensive “artisan” data science that currently drains money from firms. Challenging the machine learning revolution and exposing a contradiction at its heart, he offers engineers a new liberty: no longer reliant on quantitative experts, they are free to create intelligent applications using general-purpose application programming interfaces (APIs) and libraries. He describes work underway to encourage this approach, one that he says might someday prove to be as valuable to businesses—and society at large—as the internet.
Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Carey Robert M. , Moran Andrew E. , Whelton Paul K. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceHypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (SBP) at least 130 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) at least 80 mm Hg, affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and death.ObservationsFirst-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, including weight loss, healthy dietary pattern that includes low sodium and high potassium intake, physical activity, and moderation or elimination of alcohol consumption. The BP-lowering effects of individual lifestyle components are partially additive and enhance the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy. The decision to initiate antihypertensive medication should be based on the level of BP and the presence of high atherosclerotic CVD risk. First-line drug therapy for hypertension consists of a thiazide or thiazidelike diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker such as enalapril or candesartan, and a calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine and should be titrated according to office and home SBP/DBP levels to achieve in most people an SBP/DBP target (&amp;lt;130/80 mm Hg for adults &amp;lt;65 years and SBP &amp;lt;130 mm Hg in adults ≥65 years). Randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of BP lowering to reduce the risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. An SBP reduction of 10 mm Hg decreases risk of CVD events by approximately 20% to 30%. Despite the benefits of BP control, only 44% of US adults with hypertension have their SBP/DBP controlled to less than 140/90 mm Hg.Conclusions and RelevanceHypertension affects approximately 116 million adults in the US and more than 1 billion adults worldwide and is a leading cause of CVD morbidity and mortality. First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle modification, consisting of weight loss, dietary sodium reduction and potassium supplementation, healthy dietary pattern, physical activity, and limited alcohol consumption. When drug therapy is required, first-line therapies are thiazide or thiazidelike diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers.
Non‐artificial Layered Heterostructure as Inch‐size Single Crystal for Shortwave Polarized‐Light Array Detector
Authors: Ma Yu , Guo Wuqian , Fan Qingshun , Xu Haojie , Tang Liwei , Liu Yi , Li Wenjing , Liu Xitao , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLayered heterostructures of different 2D building blocks have invigorated the booming of 2D materials toward high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, contrary to the typical artificial multi‐component form, the engineering of non‐artificial layered heterostructure into single‐phase crystals and resultant properties are largely overlooked. Here, for the first time, an inch‐sized single crystal of a non‐artificial layered heterostructure is exploited, (PbBr2)2(AMTP)2PbBr4 (1, AMTP is 4‐ammoniomethyltetrahydropyran), serving as polarization‐sensitive candidate. Notably, it adopts an interleaved architecture of 2D perovskite slabs with the distinct non‐perovskite lattice, thus forming a self‐assembled perovskite‐intergrowth layered heterostructure. This motif leads to new electronic transitions distributed across two sublattices and affords an inherent in‐plane anisotropy ratio of ≈1.6, beyond some known inorganic materials (e.g., GeSe: 1.44; GeAs: 1.49). Combining this in‐plane anisotropy and wide bandgap (≈2.9 eV), lateral crystal array of 1 enables shortwave polarized‐light detection with ultrahigh responsivity and detectivity under weak illumination compared to some inorganic polarized detectors. As the first demonstration of inch‐sized single crystals of non‐artificial layered heterostructure, this study affords a new platform to explore candidates toward high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Transformation of Organonitrogen‐Encapsulated MOFs into N‐Doped Fe3O4@C Nanopolyhedron via CVD Super‐Assembly for Photochemical Oxidation
Authors: Yang Yihui , Mao Xiaoyan , Li Ruichenzhi , Zhang Mengyuan , Li Tiejun , Wen Luhong , Qin Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDevelopment of nano‐structured metal oxides/heteroatom composites with controlled components and structure for photochemical oxidation still remains a great challenge. Here, a new and versatile strategy is reported for transformation of organonitrogen‐encapsulated metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) into N‐doped Fe3O4@C nanopolyhedron by chemical vapor deposition‐induced super‐assembly method. Strong confined interaction between organonitrogen guests (urea, thiourea, melamine, and dimethylimidazole) and Fe nodes of MOFs realizes reconstruction of crystal structure and introduction of N species. With the novel approach, the uniform dispersion of guests and perfect metallic/heteroatom interfacial is obtained. Compared with MOFs‐derived Fe2O3/C, the heteroatom/defect‐to‐metal cluster charge transfer excitations lead N‐doped Fe3O4@C to exhibit more superior activity for photocatalytic oxidation (turn‐over frequencies as high as 3.72 h−1). It demonstrates that the introduction of abundant pyrrole‐N and oxygen vacancies on carbon interface boosts the advance of photo‐generated carrier transfer. The study offers a simple and promising strategy for the design of novel metal oxides/heteroatom composite with adjustable structure and functions.
A Flexible Capacitance Strain Sensor with Stitched Contact Terminals
Authors: Kumar Nimal Jagadeesh , Johnson Alexander , Roggen Daniel , Münzenrieder Niko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlexible strain sensing in wearables and textiles, employs simple resistive sensor elements which suffer from high hysteresis. Textile compatible capacitive strain sensors that have low hysteresis and negligible cross‐axis sensitivity will be ideal for sensing human movement and shape change. In this work, a non‐MEMS based flexible interdigital capacitive strain sensor is proposed. The proffered sensor is built using flexible elastomer material with stitched conductive threads serving as internal and external contacts thereby making the sensor easily customizable. The developed sensor is amenable for fabrication using large scale textile sensor manufacturing techniques. The low sensitivity due to the low dielectric constant of most elastomers is addressed by employing high dielectric constant additives while molding the elastomer sections. The developed sensor is virtually insensitive to cross‐axis strain by design and is capable of withstanding stretching up to 160%. The prototype sensor built and tested has a sensitivity of and portrays a worst‐case nonlinearity error of <±2.9%. An application, where the developed sensor was stitched on to a glove to sense finger movement is presented and discussed. The proposed fully stitch‐able sensors have the versatility to perform fabric‐based wearable strain sensing for body shape and movement analysis.
Physics Discovery in Nanoplasmonic Systems via Autonomous Experiments in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Roccapriore Kevin M. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ziatdinov Maxim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhysics‐driven discovery in an autonomous experiment has emerged as a dream application of machine learning in physical sciences. Here, this work develops and experimentally implements a deep kernel learning (DKL) workflow combining the correlative prediction of the target functional response and its uncertainty from the structure, and physics‐based selection of acquisition function, which autonomously guides the navigation of the image space. Compared to classical Bayesian optimization (BO) methods, this approach allows to capture the complex spatial features present in the images of realistic materials, and dynamically learn structure–property relationships. In combination with the flexible scalarizer function that allows to ascribe the degree of physical interest to predicted spectra, this enables physical discovery in automated experiment. Here, this approach is illustrated for nanoplasmonic studies of nanoparticles and experimentally implemented in a truly autonomous fashion for bulk‐ and edge plasmon discovery in MnPS3, a lesser‐known beam‐sensitive layered 2D material. This approach is universal, can be directly used as‐is with any specimen, and is expected to be applicable to any probe‐based microscopic techniques including other STEM modalities, scanning probe microscopies, chemical, and optical imaging.
Interface and Structure Engineering of Tin‐Based Chalcogenide Anodes for Durable and Fast‐Charging Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Xiang , Qiu Min , Liu Yangjie , Yuan Jun , Chen Junxiang , Zhan Hongbing , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides with high theoretical capacity usually suffer from poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and drastic volumetric change upon cycling, degrading their attractiveness for electrochemical high‐power and long‐term applications. Herein, a high‐efficiency and extensible synthetic strategy for in situ encapsulating nanostructured SnSe0.5S0.5 into N‐doped graphene (SnSe0.5S0.5 @ NG) by robust interfacial CSeSn bonds with formation of 3D porous network nanohybrids, is reported. Systematic electrochemical studies indicate that interface and structure engineering on SnSe0.5S0.5, including defects implantation, chemical bonding interaction, and nanospace confinement design, endow it with robust structural stability, ultrafast Na+ storage kinetics, and highly reversible redox reaction. In addition, the introduction of foreign Se ligand not only facilitates the transport of electrons/ions by enhancing the conductivity and decreasing the diffusion energy barrier but also generates more reactivity sites, as demonstrated by density functional theory calculations. By virtue of these superiorities, the SnSe0.5S0.5 @ NG exhibits superior sodium storage performance with high‐rate capability and long durability over 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Impressively, the full battery, when coupling SnSe0.5S0.5 @ NG anode with Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode, can deliver high energy density of 213 Wh kg−1. This work provides an effective structural engineering strategy to design advanced electrode material with potential application for sodium‐ion batteries.