bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoplankton exudates provide full nutrition to a subset of accompanying heterotrophic bacteria via carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus allocation
Authors: Eigemann Falk , Rahav Eyal , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Aharonovich Dikla , Sher Daniel , Vogts Angela , Voss Maren 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMarine bacteria rely on phytoplankton exudates as carbon sources (DOCp). Yet, it is unclear to what extent phytoplankton exudates also provide nutrients such as phytoplankton‐derived N and P (DONp, DOPp). We address these questions by mesocosm exudate addition experiments with spent media from the ubiquitous pico‐cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus to bacterial communities in contrasting ecosystems in the Eastern Mediterranean – a coastal and an open‐ocean, oligotrophic station with and without on‐top additions of inorganic nutrients. Inorganic nutrient addition did not lower the incorporation of exudate DONp, nor did it reduce alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that bacterial communities are able to exclusively cover their nitrogen and phosphorus demands with organic forms provided by phytoplankton exudates. Approximately half of the cells in each ecosystem took up detectable amounts of Prochlorococcus‐derived C and N, yet based on 16S rRNA sequencing different bacterial genera were responsible for the observed exudate utilization patterns. In the coastal community, several phylotypes of Aureimarina, Psychrosphaera and Glaciecola responded positively to the addition of phytoplankton exudates, whereas phylotypes of Pseudoalteromonas increased and dominated the open‐ocean communities. Together, our results strongly indicate that phytoplankton exudates provide coastal and open‐ocean bacterial communities with organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and that phytoplankton exudate serve a full‐fledged meal for the accompanying bacterial community in the nutrient‐poor eastern Mediterranean.
‘Would I Lie to You?’: Boris Johnson and Lying in the House of Commons
Authors: Judge David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA prerequisite of ministerial accountability in the UK is the provision of accurate information by ministers and the Prime Minister to Parliament. This form of ‘informatory accountability’, and the expectation that ministers and the Prime Minister will not lie to Parliament, is at the core of parliamentary government. Yet, Boris Johnson's premiership, characterised by a general propensity to mislead, to misinform, to tell untruths and to lie openly, has led to growing concern within Westminster at the PM's proclivity to speak untruths in the Commons with seeming impunity. A study of the period from July 2019 to December 2021 examines the paradoxes and procedural problems that arise when the presumption that a Prime Minister will not lie or utter deliberate falsehoods in Westminster is upended.
Mortgage underwriting and house prices: Evidence from the 2011 change in the Dutch Code of Conduct for mortgage loans
Authors: Rouwendal Jan , Petrat Antonia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring the Global Financial Crisis, house prices sharply declined in all West‐European countries, but after an initial recovery the Dutch housing market experienced a second dip. This paper examines whether the introduction of the tightened Code of Conduct for Mortgage Loans in 2011 had an effect on Dutch house prices. We compare the evolution of Dutch house prices with a synthetic control of other European countries. Our results suggest that the introduction of the new Code of Conduct did indeed have a substantial negative effect on Dutch house prices in the 2 years following its introduction. Several robustness checks confirm this conclusion.
Accumulation of systematic TPM1 mediates inflammation and neuronal remodeling by phosphorylating PKA and regulating the FABP5/NF‐κB signaling pathway in the retina of aged mice
Authors: Li Rong , Liang Yuxiang , Lin Bin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying functional decline during normal brain aging are poorly understood. Here, we identified the actin‐associated protein tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) as a new systemic pro‐aging factor associated with function deficits in normal aging retinas. Heterochronic parabiosis and blood plasma treatment confirmed that systemic factors regulated age‐related inflammatory responses and the ectopic dendritic sprouting of rod bipolar (RBC) and horizontal (HC) cells in the aging retina. Proteomic analysis revealed that TPM1 was a potential systemic molecule underlying structural and functional deficits in the aging retina. Recombinant TPM1 protein administration accelerated the activation of glial cells, the dendritic sprouting of RBCs and HCs and functional decline in the retina of young mice, whereas anti‐TPM1 neutralizing antibody treatment ameliorated age‐related structural and function changes in the retina of aged mice. Old mouse plasma (OMP) induced glial cell activation and the dendritic outgrowth of RBCs and HCs in young mice, and yet TMP1‐depleted OMP failed to reproduce the similar effect in young mice. These results confirmed that TPM1 was a systemic pro‐aging factor. Moreover, we demonstrated that systematic TPM1 was an immune‐related molecule, which elicited endogenous TPM1 expression and inflammation by phosphorylating PKA and regulating FABP5/NF‐κB signaling pathway in normal aging retinas. Interestingly, we observed TPM1 upregulation and the ectopic dendritic sprouting of RBCs and HCs in young mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, indicating a potential role of TPM1 in age‐related neurodegenerative diseases. Our data indicate that TPM1 could be targeted for combating the aging process.
Synthesis and biological activity profile of novel triazole/quinoline hybrids
Authors: Jamshidi Hoda , Naimi‐Jamal Mohammad Reza , Safavi Maliheh , RayatSanati Kimia , Azerang Parisa , Tahghighi Azar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBased on the significant and diverse pharmacophore features of triazole ring and considering the potent antimicrobial properties of quinoline scaffold, a novel series of 1,2,3‐triazole‐based polyaromatic compounds containing chloroquinoline moiety were synthesized through a well‐established synthetic methodology, named click chemistry. The structure of the synthetic compounds was characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The final products of triazole/quinoline hybrids and ((prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy)methyl)benzene intermediates were screened for their antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enterica), antifungal (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus fumigatus), and cytotoxic activities. The best antifungal compounds exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), in the range of 0.35–0.63 µM, against S. cerevisiae without any cytotoxic effect. These compounds can be selected as the potential candidates for treating invasive fungal infections caused by S. cerevisiae, after further investigation. Preliminary in silico ADME studies also predicted the favorable pharmacokinetic attributes of most compounds.
Precision and trueness of computer‐assisted implant placement using static surgical guides with open and closed sleeves: An in vitro analysis
Authors: Guentsch Arndt , An Hongseok , Dentino Andrew R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this in vitro study was to determine accuracy defined by trueness and precision of computer‐assisted implant surgery comparing two guided surgery kits designed for either closed sleeves or open sleeves with a lateral window.Material and methodsEach n=20 implants were placed fully guided (sleeve‐bone distance of 2 or 4 mm) in identical replicas using a surgical guide with both closed sleeve or an open sleeve, partially guided, or free hand. The achieved implant position was digitized and compared with the planned position. Trueness and precision were determined. The angular deviation was defined as the primary outcome parameter. The means, standard deviation, and 95%‐confidence intervals were analyzed statistically with 1‐way ANOVA and the Scheffé procedure.ResultsThe accuracy of guided implant placement using closed and open sleeves was comparable when the sleeve‐bone distance was 2 mm. Accuracy decreased when the sleeve‐bone distance increased in both fully guided groups, more so in the open than in the closed sleeve group. The least accurate method was the free‐hand group. Partially guided implant surgery was more accurate than free‐hand placement, but less accurate than the fully guided groups with 2‐mm sleeve‐bone distance.ConclusionsThe closer the sleeve to the bone, the more accurate and precise is computer‐assisted implant surgery using a closed system and a system using open sleeves. Partially guided implant surgery using only the static guide for the pilot drill is less accurate than both fully guided approaches, but more accurate than free‐hand surgery.
Progranulin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviates anxiety‐like behavior and cognitive impairment in adult mice subjected to cerebral ischemia
Authors: Sun Siqi , Zhou Jinlong , Li Zhongqi , Wu Yuzi , Wang Hao , Zheng Qi , Adu‐Nti Frank , Fan Juan , Tian Yingfang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsCerebral ischemia can lead to anxiety and cognitive impairment due to the loss of hippocampal neurons. Facilitation of endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating ischemia‐induced anxiety and cognitive impairment. Progranulin (PGRN), a secretory glycoprotein, has been reported to have a mitogentic effect on many cell types. However, it is not clear whether PGRN enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and promotes functional recovery.MethodsAdult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and injected intracerebroventricularly with recombinant mouse PGRN 30 min after pMCAO. Anxiety‐like behavior was detected by the open field and the elevated plus maze tests, and spatial learning and memory abilities were evaluated by Morris water maze. Neurogenesis was examined by double labeling of BrdU and neural stem cells or neurons markers. For mechanism studies, the level of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation were assessed by western blotting.ResultsProgranulin significantly alleviated anxiety‐like behavior and spatial learning and memory impairment induced by cerebral ischemia in mice. Consistent with the functional recovery, PGRN promoted neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) after cerebral ischemia. PGRN upregulated the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and Akt in the DG after cerebral ischemia.ConclusionsProgranulin alleviates ischemia‐induced anxiety‐like behavior and spatial learning and memory impairment in mice, probably via stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis mediated by activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways. PGRN might be a promising candidate for coping with ischemic stroke‐induced mood and cognitive impairment in clinic.
The alterations of retinal vasculature detected on optical coherence tomography angiography associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Songur Murat Serkan , İntepe Yavuz Selim , Bayhan Seray Aslan , Bayhan Hasan Ali , Çiftçi Bülent , Çıtırık Mehmet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the retinal vasculature of the macula and optic disc in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThe right eyes of 70 COPD patients and 71 healthy individuals were evaluated. These patients had moderate airflow limitation and mean PO2 of 60 mmHg, and their average age was less than 60 years. Superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular densities, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) width, and optic disc parameters were measured with OCTA. In addition, the correlation between the PO2 level in COPD patients and superficial, deep, and peripapillary vascular densities and FAZ was examined in the study.ResultsThe COPD group had a significant decrease in the vascular density in the superficial (fovea [p = 0.019]; parafovea [p = 0.013]; and perifovea [p = 0.001]) and deep capillary plexus (fovea [p = 0.028]; parafovea [p = 0.005]; and perifovea [p = 0.002]). Also, the enlargement of the FAZ (p = 0.002) and a decrease in the peripapillary vascular density (p = 0.006) were observed in the COPD group. There was a positive correlation between PO2 level and superficial, deep, and peripapillary vascular densities in COPD patients and a negative correlation with FAZ (r = 0.559–0.900).ConclusionHypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, and chronic hypoxia associated with COPD may affect the macula and optic nerve, resulting in a serious decrease in vascular density, and OCTA can be a very important tool in the follow‐up and treatment of these patients.
Can teacher‐centered community‐based conservation programs influence student household sustainable behaviors near a biodiversity hotspot?
Authors: Kendall Corinne J. , Carrier Sarah J. , Folta Elizabeth , Tinka John , Fraulo Aimee , Leeds Austin , Lukas Kristen E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLocal communities living on the borders of protected areas can be key drivers of environmental degradation. Community‐based conservation initiatives seek to use sustainable activities as a strategy for mitigating these degradative behaviors while improving livelihoods but must be scalable to the site and sustainable over time. Teacher training, as a means of information transfer to the broader community, is one technique for implementing long‐term sustainable behavior programs. To be effective, sustainability practices must reach beyond behavior change in teachers to influence students and the broader community in which they work. UNITE for the Environment (UNITE) is a community‐based environmental sustainability program located along the border of Kibale National Park in Uganda, a site of high biodiversity, particularly for primates. UNITE focuses on conducting teacher trainings with 12 schools within 5 km of the park. We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the transfer of UNITE's sustainability practices to the broader community. Families of teachers and students from schools that UNITE worked with, as well as control schools, were surveyed to assess their use of sustainable activities promoted by UNITE. Sustainable activities included specific agricultural practices, composting, bee‐keeping and fuel‐efficient stoves, while controlling for possible confounding variables between households including socioeconomic, spatial, and demographic variables. Results revealed that UNITE households, in comparison with control group households, showed greater use of sustainable practices for 12 of 13 behaviors tested. Wealth was the most influential of socioeconomic factors, with wealthier individuals more likely to implement sustainable activities. UNITE participants had greater value of the environment and belief in their ability to affect the environment than members of the control group. This study demonstrates the ability of teacher training programs to influence sustainable behavior, even while controlling for socioeconomic factors, suggesting that other programs should consider this approach to community‐based conservation.
A rare case of papular‐purpuric “gloves and socks” syndrome associated with influenza
Authors: Zelman Brandon , Muhlbauer Aaron , Kim Wendy , Speiser Jodi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPapular‐purpuric “gloves and socks” syndrome (PPGSS) is a unique, self‐limited dermatosis characterized by edema, erythema, and pruritic petechiae and papules in a distinct “gloves and socks” distribution. This is often accompanied by systemic symptoms, including fever, lymphadenopathy, asthenia, myalgia, and arthralgias. PPGSS has also been described as a manifestation of an underlying immunological mechanism that can be triggered by viral or drug‐related antigens. A 32‐year‐old male developed a painful eruption on the bilateral hands and feet after being diagnosed with influenza B. On examination, scattered papular purpura with occasional overlying scale was noted on the bilateral hands, fingers, feet, toes, volar wrists, and ankles. Histopathologic sections showed a mixed pattern of inflammation with interface and spongiotic changes. A parakeratotic scale with overlying basket‐weave orthokeratosis was also seen. Within the epidermis, there was intraepidermal vesicles and Langerhans cell microabscess formation with scattered apoptotic keratinocytes. The underlying dermis showed a superficial perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate with mild edematous changes, and extravasation of red blood cells. Clinicopathologic correlation strongly supported a diagnosis of popular‐purpuric gloves and socks syndrome. The influenza virus has never been reported in association with PPGSS; thus, this case outlines an important new variant that clinicians should be familiar with.
Implementation of species distribution models in Google Earth Engine
Authors: Crego Ramiro D. , Stabach Jared A. , Connette Grant 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimGoogle Earth Engine (GEE) is a free Web‐based spatial analysis platform that requires only a web browser and an Internet connection to programmatically access and analyse data from its multi‐petabyte catalog of regularly updated satellite imagery (e.g. MODIS, Landsat, Sentinel) and other geospatial datasets. The high computing capacity of GEE can make computationally demanding analyses more accessible to researchers and practitioners, especially those with limited access to advanced computational resources. Here, we present a workflow in GEE to fit species distribution models, offering direct access to a multi‐petabyte catalog of raster products to obtain estimates of habitat suitability.InnovationWe implemented a workflow for species distribution modelling in GEE that includes importing species occurrence data into the GEE platform, selecting and preparing predictor variables, and performing model fitting with spatial or temporal split‐block cross‐validation techniques. We present three case studies that demonstrate: (i) a baseline SDM workflow that produces informative model predictions, (ii) a workflow that accounts for temporal variability in predictor variables to study changes in habitat suitability over time and (iii) a complex and computationally demanding analysis incorporating thousands of satellite images for modelling habitat suitability at high spatial resolution.Main ConclusionsOur SDM workflow allows users to benefit from the high speed and performance of GEE without the need for significant computing infrastructure. This workflow may be especially beneficial to researchers in countries where computing power is limited, as SDMs frequently require the download, storage and processing of large raster datasets. We also discuss key limitations of implementing SDMs in GEE, such as user memory limits and the lack of high‐level functions. We include a step‐by‐step guide for the general model workflow and for each of the case studies presented to facilitate its implementation.
Does my daughter like math? Relations between parent and child math attitudes and beliefs
Authors: Hildebrand Lindsey , Posid Tasha , Moss‐Racusin Corinne A , Hymes Laura , Cordes Sara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs early as age six, girls report higher math anxiety than boys, and children of both genders begin to endorse the stereotype that males are better at math than females. However, very few studies have examined the emergence of math attitudes in childhood, or the role parents may play in their transmission. The present study is the first to investigate the concordance of multiple implicit and explicit math attitudes and beliefs between 6‐ and 10‐year‐old children and their parents. Data from implicit association tasks (IATs) reveal that both parents and their children have implicit associations between math and difficulty, but only parents significantly associated math with males. Notably, males (fathers and sons) were more likely than females (mothers and daughters) to identify as someone who likes math (instead of reading), suggesting gender differences in academic preferences emerge early and remain consistent throughout adulthood. Critically, we provide the first evidence that both mothers’ and fathers’ attitudes about math relate to a range of math attitudes and beliefs held by their children, particularly their daughters. Results suggest that girls may be especially sensitive to parental math attitudes and beliefs. Together, data indicate that children entering formal school already show some negative math attitudes and beliefs and that parents’ math attitudes may have a disproportionate impact on young girls.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and stroke: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Min , Zha Mingming , Lv Qiushi , Xie Yi , Yuan Kang , Zhang Xiaohao , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the risk of stroke is heterogeneous. Therefore, we aimed to examine any potential causal relationship between these two traits through Mendelian randomization.MethodsThe genetic instruments associated with NAFLD were selected from a large genome‐wide association study in individuals of European ancestry (1483 cases and 17,781 controls, replicated in 559 cases and 945 controls). The genetic associations for stroke (40,585 cases and 406,111 controls) and ischemic stroke (34,217 cases and 406,111 controls) were selected from the MEGASTROKE consortium of European ancestry participants. The causal effects on ischemic stroke subtypes, including large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (4373 cases and 146,392 controls), small vessel occlusion (SVO) (5386 cases and 192,662 controls), and cardioembolic stroke (7193 cases and 204,570 controls), were also analyzed. The inverse variant weighted method was performed to obtain the casual estimates. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms were also tested for the robustness of the results.ResultsNAFLD was not associated with stroke (odds ratio [OR] 1.015; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.996–1.034; p = 0.121) and ischemic stroke (OR 1.017; 95% CI 0.997–1.037; p = 0.092). Regarding ischemic stroke subtypes, there were positive causal inferences on LAA (OR 1.065; 95% CI 1.004–1.129; p = 0.037) and SVO (OR 1.058; 95% CI 1.003–1.116; p = 0.037), while it was not significant for cardioembolic stroke (OR 1.026; 95% CI 0.983–1.071; p = 0.243).ConclusionThis study suggests that the potential causal effect of NAFLD on ischemic stroke may be confined to the LAA and SVO subtypes.
Where is justice in geography? A review of justice theorizing in the discipline
Authors: Przybylinski Stephen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJustice has long been central to geographic research but attention to the concept itself has been less explicitly theorized within the discipline. This article specifically traces the ways in which justice has been theorized within human geography. The review identifies commonalities among justice applications within geography, suggesting a shift beyond distributive and ideal theories of justice toward those explicating injustices coming more from bottom‐up approaches. At the same time, it identifies the tendency of geographers to approach the concept of justice through normative‐political approaches rather than normative‐analytical justifications of socio‐spatial phenomena. The paper illustrates the value of both approaches to justice theorizing but cautions that geographers should continue to justify the use of the concept within their work to avoid attenuating it. In ending, the paper illustrates how justice‐oriented geographers can continue to identify why justice is central to their scholarship.