bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCN Spectral Modality Compared to Droplet Spectra and Drizzle in RICO Cumuli
Authors: Hudson James G. , Noble Stephen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) warm cloud microphysics and drizzle comparisons with cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra displayed similarities with earlier analyses of low‐altitude Ice in Clouds Experiment‐Tropical (ICE‐T) warm maritime cumuli. These comparisons of high‐resolution CCN spectra measured at 100 m altitude with cloud and drizzle measurements were consistent within three altitude bands between 600 and 3,700 m. For both projects, clouds associated with bimodal CCN (accumulation mode dominant) displayed more drizzle than clouds associated with unimodal CCN (Aitken mode dominant). Higher concentrations in clouds associated with bimodal CCN than clouds associated with unimodal CCN extended throughout the ranges of 3 drizzle drop probes (260X, 2DC, and 2DP) between 60 and 5,200 μm diameter. Ratios of drizzle drop concentrations in clouds associated with bimodal CCN to those in clouds associated with unimodal CCN were as much as an order of magnitude. Confirmation of a relationship between CCN modality and cloud droplet spectra found in ICE‐T was often obscured in RICO by drizzle effects on droplet spectra. There was also an association between cloudiness and CCN bimodality that is consistent with clouds as a source of accumulation mode particles. These consistent results now found in two warm maritime small low‐altitude cumulus cloud experiments show that CCN bimodality could inhibit the indirect aerosol effect (IAE), especially second IAE (cloud lifetime) in warm maritime cumuli. These RICO and ICE‐T observations in maritime cumuli are opposite of the results in the Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment, which indicated that CCN bimodality could enhance both IAE.
Feature Enhancement of Three Log‐Periodic Antennas Based on Antipodal Vivaldi Patch
Authors: Eshaghpanah Maryam , Mohajeri Farzad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToday, microstrip antennas have received a lot of attention due to their unique features such as low weight and volume, easy and cheap construction, and the ability to adapt to planar structures. Of course, the important problem with these antennas is their small gain and bandwidth. In this paper, the gain and bandwidth of the microstrip antenna with a patch in the form of Antipodal Vivaldi are improved by using log‐periodic structures. Three 8‐element log‐periodic structures designed in a straight‐line, U‐shaped and V‐shaped are proposed, simulated and fabricated. The dimensions of these antennas are , and respectively. The results of the measurements show that the bandwidth of the 8‐element straight‐line, U‐shaped and V‐shaped antennas are 3–18, 2.6–18, and 2.4–18 GHz respectively, and their maximum gain are 6.26, 8.3, and 7.61 dBi, respectively, which has increased the bandwidth by approximately 125% compared to the single element mode and increased the gain from 2.26 to 4.3 dBi. These quantities show that among the three antennas proposed in this article, the V‐shaped antenna has the highest bandwidth (15.6 GHz) and the U‐shaped antenna has the highest maximum gain (8.3 dBi). Of course, it is possible to achieve more gain by changing the angle between the branches of the V‐shaped antenna, but it may ruin the bandwidth.
On the Bimodal Radial Solute Transport in Dual‐Permeability Porous Media
Authors: Li Xu , Wen Zhang , Zhan Hongbin , Zhu Qi , Jakada Hamza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPorous media usually exhibit distinct transport properties of a dual domain, which is attributed to layering, fracturing, or aggregation. In this study, a mobile‐mobile (MM) model of radial solute transport consisting of two advection‐dispersion equations (ADEs) is presented to describe the bimodal (or double‐peaked) breakthrough curves (BTCs) through two distinct pore domains consisting of interrelated fast‐flow and slow‐flow domains. Transport processes, including advection, dispersion, and first‐order mass transfer between the two domains, were considered in the model. Semi‐analytical solutions were derived using a Laplace transform, matrix diagonalization and numerical Laplace inversion method, and the solutions were verified against the existing analytical solution for the mobile‐immobile (MIM) model under the special case of zero velocity in the slow‐flow domain. In addition, Markov Chain Monte Carlo is applied to estimate the MM model parameters using the experimental data. The results indicate that a larger transfer coefficient between the fast‐flow and the slow‐flow domains resulted in a weaker bimodal phenomenon for concentration distribution curves, which was notably more apparent when there was a greater variation in pore flow velocities between the two domains. Also, the MM model can be used to investigate other types of abnormal transport features such as late arrival and early arrival. Finally, the ADE, MIM, and MM models were used to interpret the experimental data conducted by Fernàndez‐Garcia et al. (2004, http://doi.org.10.1029/2004wr003112), and it was found that the proposed MM model can explain the bimodal feature of BTCs while the ADE and MIM models fail to do so.
Depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages induces fibro-adipogenic progenitors activation and muscle regeneration
Authors: Nawaz Allah , Bilal Muhammad , Fujisaka Shiho , Kado Tomonobu , Aslam Muhammad Rahil , Ahmed Saeed , Okabe Keisuke , Igarashi Yoshiko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Kuwano Takahide , Tsuneyama Koichi , Nishimura Ayumi , Nishida Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Seiji , Sasahara Masakiyo , Imura Johji , Mori Hisashi , Matzuk Martin M. , Kudo Fujimi , Manabe Ichiro , Uezumi Akiyoshi , Nakagawa Takashi , Oishi Yumiko , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMuscle regeneration requires the coordination of muscle stem cells, mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and macrophages. How macrophages regulate the paracrine secretion of FAPs during the recovery process remains elusive. Herein, we systemically investigated the communication between CD206+ M2-like macrophages and FAPs during the recovery process using a transgenic mouse model. Depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages or deletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages-specific TGF-β1 gene induces myogenesis and muscle regeneration. We show that depletion of CD206+ M2-like macrophages activates FAPs and activated FAPs secrete follistatin, a promyogenic factor, thereby boosting the recovery process. Conversely, deletion of the FAP-specific follistatin gene results in impaired muscle stem cell function, enhanced fibrosis, and delayed muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, CD206+ M2-like macrophages inhibit the secretion of FAP-derived follistatin via TGF-β signaling. Here we show that CD206+ M2-like macrophages constitute a microenvironment for FAPs and may regulate the myogenic potential of muscle stem/satellite cells.
Regulome analysis in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia exposes Core Binding Factor addiction as a therapeutic vulnerability
Authors: Wray Jason P. , Deltcheva Elitza M. , Boiers Charlotta , Richardson Simon Е , Chhetri Jyoti Bikram , Brown John , Gagrica Sladjana , Guo Yanping , Illendula Anuradha , Martens Joost H. A. , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Bushweller John H. , Nimmo Rachael , Enver Tariq 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ETV6-RUNX1 onco-fusion arises in utero, initiating a clinically silent pre-leukemic state associated with the development of pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We characterize the ETV6-RUNX1 regulome by integrating chromatin immunoprecipitation- and RNA-sequencing and show that ETV6-RUNX1 functions primarily through competition for RUNX1 binding sites and transcriptional repression. In pre-leukemia, this results in ETV6-RUNX1 antagonization of cell cycle regulation by RUNX1 as evidenced by mass cytometry analysis of B-lineage cells derived from ETV6-RUNX1 knock-in human pluripotent stem cells. In frank leukemia, knockdown of RUNX1 or its co-factor CBFβ results in cell death suggesting sustained requirement for RUNX1 activity which is recapitulated by chemical perturbation using an allosteric CBFβ-inhibitor. Strikingly, we show that RUNX1 addiction extends to other genetic subtypes of pediatric B-ALL and also adult disease. Importantly, inhibition of RUNX1 activity spares normal hematopoiesis. Our results suggest that chemical intervention in the RUNX1 program may provide a therapeutic opportunity in ALL.
Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water
Authors: Rogge Andreas , Janout Markus , Loginova Nadezhda , Trudnowska Emilia , Hörstmann Cora , Wekerle Claudia , Oziel Laurent , Schourup-Kristensen Vibe , Ruiz-Castillo Eugenio , Schulz Kirstin , Povazhnyy Vasily V. , Iversen Morten H. , Waite Anya M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge amounts of atmospheric carbon can be exported and retained in the deep sea on millennial time scales, buffering global warming. However, while the Barents Sea is one of the most biologically productive areas of the Arctic Ocean, carbon retention times were thought to be short. Here we present observations, complemented by numerical model simulations, that revealed a deep and widespread lateral injection of approximately 2.33 kt C d−1 from the Barents Sea shelf to some 1,200 m of the Nansen Basin, driven by Barents Sea Bottom Water transport. With increasing distance from the outflow region, the plume expanded and penetrated into even deeper waters and the sediment. The seasonally fluctuating but continuous injection increases the carbon sequestration of the Barents Sea by 1/3 and feeds the deep sea community of the Nansen Basin. Our findings combined with those from other outflow regions of carbon-rich polar dense waters highlight the importance of lateral injection as a global carbon sink. Resolving uncertainties around negative feedbacks of global warming due to sea ice decline will necessitate observation of changes in bottom water formation and biological productivity at a resolution high enough to quantify future deep carbon injection.
Analysis of the evolution trends and influential factors of bankfull discharge in the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Chen Meng , Xu Linjuan , Xing Chunpeng , Xu Haifan , Zhao Wanjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfter the Xiaolangdi Reservoir (XLDR) was put into operation, new water and sediment conditions have improved the silting condition of the Lower Yellow River (LYR), but against this background, the flow capacity of the LYR has become more complex. In this research, the measured water and sediment data of seven hydrological stations in the LYR from 1950 to 2020 were systematically collated. The evolution trend and development period of the bankfull discharge in this area were studied based on the wavelet analysis method, and the main factors influencing the evolution of the bankfull discharge were explored. The results indicate that the evolution process of bankfull discharge in the LYR has experienced two phases in the last 70 years. XLDR has been impounded since October 1999. Before XLDR operation, the bankfull discharge of the LYR has a main time scale of about 26 years. After XLDR operation began, it has a time scale of about 10 years. The bankfull discharge of the LYR shows two phases of evolution, and these phases are mainly influenced by the factors of water and sediment conditions. This research is needed for a deeper understanding of flow-bed and river discharge and sediment transport capacity under the water and sediment conditions in the LYR.
Bias reduction in representation of histopathology images using deep feature selection
Authors: Asilian Bidgoli Azam , Rahnamayan Shahryar , Dehkharghanian Taher , Grami Ali , Tizhoosh H.R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAppearing traces of bias in deep networks is a serious reliability issue which can play a significant role in ethics and generalization related concerns. Recent studies report that the deep features extracted from the histopathology images of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the largest publicly available archive, are surprisingly able to accurately classify the whole slide images (WSIs) based on their acquisition site while these features are extracted to primarily discriminate cancer types. This is clear evidence that the utilized Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) unexpectedly detect the specific patterns of the source site, i.e, the hospital of origin, rather than histomorphologic patterns, a biased behavior resulting in degraded trust and generalization. This observation motivated us to propose a method to alleviate the destructive impact of hospital bias through a novel feature selection process. To this effect, we have proposed an evolutionary strategy to select a small set of optimal features to not only accurately represent the histological patterns of tissue samples but also to eliminate the features contributing to internal bias toward the institution. The defined objective function for an optimal subset selection of features is to minimize the accuracy of the model to classify the source institutions which is basically defined as a bias indicator. By the conducted experiments, the selected features extracted by the state-of-the-art network trained on TCGA images (i.e., the KimiaNet), considerably decreased the institutional bias, while improving the quality of features to discriminate the cancer types. In addition, the selected features could significantly improve the results of external validation compared to the entire set of features which has been negatively affected by bias. The proposed scheme is a model-independent approach which can be employed when it is possible to define a bias indicator as a participating objective in a feature selection process; even with unknown bias sources.
Meta-summaries effective for improving awareness and understanding of COVID-19 vaccine safety research
Authors: Williams Spencer , Lee Joy , Halperin Brett A. , Liao Joshua M. , Hsieh Gary , Reinecke Katharina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the efficacy, safety, and availability of COVID-19 vaccines, a lack of awareness and trust of vaccine safety research remains an important barrier to public health. The goal of this research was to design and test online meta-summaries—transparent, interactive summaries of the state of relevant studies—to improve people’s awareness and opinion of vaccine safety research. We used insights from a set of co-design interviews (n = 22) to develop meta-summaries to highlight metascientific information about vaccine safety research. An experiment with 863 unvaccinated participants showed that our meta-summaries increased participants’ perception of the amount, consistency, and direction of vaccine safety research relative to the U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC) webpage, and that participants found them more trustworthy than the CDC page as well. They were also more likely to discuss it with others in the week following. We conclude that direct summaries of scientific research can be a useful communication tool for controversial scientific topics.
The protective effects of sulforaphane on high-fat diet-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease in mice via mediating the FXR/LXRα pathway
Authors: Ma Shaotong , Pang Xinyi , Tian Shuhua , Sun Jing , Hu Qiaobin , Li Xiangfei , Lu Yingjian 
Published: November 2022

Sulforaphane can alleviate high-fat diet-induced MAFLD in mice via mediating the FXR/LXRα pathway.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and iron overload: biochemical link and underlying mechanisms with potential novel therapeutic avenues
Authors: Mathew Marilyn , Sivaprakasam Sathish , Phy Jennifer L. , Bhutia Yangzom D. , Ganapathy Vadivel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder in women with components of significant genetic predisposition and possibly multiple, but not yet clearly defined, triggers. This disorder shares several clinical features with hemochromatosis, a genetically defined inheritable disorder of iron overload, which includes insulin resistance, increased adiposity, diabetes, fatty liver, infertility, and hyperandrogenism. A notable difference between the two disorders, however, is that the clinical symptoms in PCOS appear at much younger age whereas they become evident in hemochromatosis at a much later age. Nonetheless, noticeable accumulation of excess iron in the body is a common finding in both disorders even at adolescence. Hepcidin, the iron-regulatory hormone secreted by the liver, is reduced in both disorders and consequently increases intestinal iron absorption. Recent studies have shown that gut bacteria play a critical role in the control of iron absorption in the intestine. As dysbiosis is a common finding between PCOS and hemochromatosis, changes in bacterial composition in the gut may represent another cause for iron overload in both diseases via increased iron absorption. This raises the possibility that strategies to prevent accumulation of excess iron with iron chelators and/or probiotics may have therapeutic potential in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Strand 1A variant in neuroserpin shows increased aggregation and no loss of inhibition: implication in ameliorating polymerization to retain activity
Authors: Ansari Shoyab , Ahamad Shahzaib , Khan Abdul Burhan , Fatima Sana , Ahmad Tahif , Khan Yasmeen , Gupta Dinesh , Jairajpuri Mohamad Aman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeuroserpin (NS) is predominantly expressed in the brain and is the primary inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). NS variants are associated with the neurogenerative disease termed familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB). The disease is characterized by variable age of onset and severity. The reactive center loop (RCL) insertion-based inhibitory mechanism of NS requires a coordinated conformational change leading to a shift in the strands of the β-sheet A and movement of helix F. Strand 1A is connected to the helix F at its C terminal end and with the strand 2A at its N terminal, both these domain move for accommodating the inserting loop; therefore, a variant that influences their movement may alter the inhibition rates. A molecular dynamic simulation analysis of a H138C NS variant from strand 1A showed a large decrease in conformational fluctuations as compared with wild-type NS. H138 was mutated, expressed, purified and a native-PAGE and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that this variant forms large molecular weight aggregates on a slight increase in temperature. However, a circular dichroism analysis showed its secondary structure to be largely conserved. Surprisingly, its tPA inhibition activity and complex formation remain unhindered even after the site-specific labeling of H138C with Alexa fluor C5 maleimide. Further, a helix F-strand 1A (W154C-H138C) double variant still shows appreciable inhibitory activity. Increasingly, it appears that aggregation and not loss of inhibition is the more likely cause of shutter region-based variants phenotypes, indicating that hindering polymer formation using small molecules may retain inhibitory activity in pathological variants of NS.
Implementation of Open Science Practices in Communication Sciences and Disorders Research With Black, Indigenous, and People of Color
Authors: Girolamo Teresa , Castro Nichol , Hendricks Alison Eisel , Ghali Samantha , Eigsti Inge-Marie 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
Open science that is truly accessible and transparent to all will enhance reproducibility. However, there are ethical and practical concerns in implementing open science practices, especially when working with populations who are systematically excluded from and marginalized in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) research, such as Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) from clinical populations. The purpose of this article was to discuss these concerns and present actionable steps to support open science in CSD research with BIPOC.

Conclusions:
In the movement toward open and reproducible science, the discipline of CSD must prioritize accessibility and transparency, in addition to the implementation of individual scientific practices. Such a focus requires building trust with BIPOC not only as research participants but also as valued leaders of the scientific community.
Metasurface‐inspired maintenance‐free Internet of things tags characterised in both frequency and time domains
Authors: Tashiro Masaya , Fathnan Ashif Aminulloh , Sugiura Yuta , Uchiyama Akira , Wakatsuchi Hiroki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe authors present metasurface‐inspired maintenance‐free Internet of things (IoT) tags that can be characterised not only by frequency‐domain profiles but also by time‐domain profiles. In particular, time‐domain characterisation is made possible by implementing the waveform‐selective mechanisms of recently developed circuit‐based metasurfaces that behave differently, even at the same frequency, in accordance with the pulse duration of the incident wave. The proposed designs are numerically and experimentally validated and potentially contribute to accommodating an increasing number of IoT tags within a single wireless network while reducing maintenance effort.
Effect of rotor magnetic isolation dimensions on no‐load performance of ultra‐low speed high torque spoke type permanent magnet motor
Authors: Sun Shaonan , Feng Guihong , Li Yan , Zhang Bingyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of rotor magnetic isolation dimensions on the no‐load performance of ultra‐low speed high torque spoke type permanent magnet motor. The studied spoke type permanent magnet motor structures are shown, where the rotor magnetic isolation parts include a magnetic barrier near the air gap (MB‐NAG), a magnetic barrier near the magnetic isolation sleeve (MB‐NMIS), a magnetic isolation sleeve (MIS). The magnetic circuit model is performed and the finite element analysis method is used to analyse the no‐load performance. Through analysing no‐load performance with three MB‐NAG shapes, the way to narrow the optimise dimension range considering reducing the cogging torque and increasing the back‐EMF synchronously is concluded. The results with different MB‐NMIS and MIS dimensions show that: (a) the optimised MB‐NMIS dimensions can increase the back‐EMF with a thin MIS in a certain dimension range of MB‐NMIS, and (b) the increasing proportion of back‐EMF influenced by the MB‐NMIS is inversely proportional to the thickness of MIS. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed motor structure and conclusion are experimentally verified.
Digital twin‐based online tools for electric power communication system training: Online digital twin power communication system
Authors: Guan Shiqi , Hu Wenshan , Lei Zhongcheng , Zhou Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectric power information has garnered particular interest in conventional electrical power systems because it plays a crucial role in the electric power industry. Additionally, electric power communication networks ensure the overall power system's reliability and safety. The concepts and techniques used in digital twin (DT)‐based online tools for electric power communication networks are introduced in this paper. Moreover, online DT tools are proposed as daily learning and training resources for both new staff and communication commissioners, which can be used for the internet and the company intranets. Users can control DT and physical equipment simultaneously, and device status can be seen in real time. The design, modelling, control principles, data collection, and visual display of the DT tools are all covered in this study. To validate the applicability of the proposed framework, a case study for optical fibre damage and the recovery process in a typical communication interruption malfunction is investigated. The research presented in this paper has the potential to provide useful tools and new paradigms for designing online DT training and education systems.