bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power Loss in Elliptical and 3-Lobe Bearings
Authors: Pinkus Oscar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The power losses for elliptical and three-lobe bearings, both symmetrical and asymmetrical, were derived as functions of the customary bearing parameters and bearing ellipticity. Expressions are given for two cases; one assuming a complete oil film, and one taking into account the incompleteness of the oil film in the diverging sections of the bearing. All equations are for a concentric shaft position, this being a plausible assumption as noncylindrical bearings are mostly used in low load, high-speed applications. For convenience the power losses for the noncylindrical bearings are plotted in comparison with those for cylindrical bearings of clearance c as given by Petroff’s equation. Excellent agreement was found between the theoretical power losses and experimental results in bearings.
Prediction of Lubricating-Oil Viscosities at High Pressures
Authors: Clark O. H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Data from the ASME project on high-pressure viscosity have been applied to test the feasibility of predicting viscosity at high pressures from room-pressure measurements at 100 and 210 F. For ASME test oils graphical relations were developed to predict viscosities up to about 50,000 psi at 100 and 210 F. Two scales were used, according as oils were classified as paraffinic or naphthenic. Discrepancies between measured and predicted values are noted and discussed.
An Experimental and Analytical Investigation of a Differential Surge-Tank Installation
Authors: Gibson W. L. , Shelson W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The performance of a differential surge tank was measured experimentally for various acceleration and retardation conditions, and the results were compared with those obtained analytically. In the experimental investigation, the dynamic pressures at several places in the hydraulic system, together with the turbine-gate positions, were recorded simultaneously on a multichannel oscillograph. For comparison, the corresponding water-hammer pressures and mass flows in the system were calculated by recognized step-by-step processes, adequate numbers of steps being made practicable by the use of high-speed digital computers. The calculated results agreed closely with those determined experimentally.
Very Short Journal-Bearing Hydrodynamic Performance Under Conditions Approaching Marginal Lubrication
Authors: Kreisle L. F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper is a presentation of experimental data concerning the hydrodynamic performance of short journal bearings under conditions approaching zero minimum oil-film thickness near or in the region of boundary lubrication. Experimental data are presented for short journal bearings with length-to-diameter ratios between 1/2 and 1/53. Theoretical performance of short journal bearings by several theories is compared with experimental findings of extremely short bearings. Six different load numbers are defined and are found to be useful in predicting and analyzing the performance of short journal bearings.
Effect of Combustion-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids on Ball-Bearing Fatigue Life
Authors: Cordiano H. V. , Cochran E. P. , Wolfe R. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phosphate ester, phosphate ester-base, and water-glycol-base combustion-resistant fluids and a petroleum oil were investigated to determine the relative effects of the fluids, used as flood lubricants, on the life of angular-contact ball bearings. Bearing life was lower in the combustion-resistant fluids than in oil, ranging from 58 per cent of the life in oil for the phosphate ester, to 6 per cent for the water-base fluid. Fatigue failures of the bearing races were prevalent for all fluids and additional investigations are required to determine the causes of the wide variation in bearing life in the various fluids.
Operating Characteristics of High-Speed Ball Bearings at High Oil-Flow Rates
Authors: Moore C. C. , Jones F. C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Using 1005 petroleum oil as a lubricant, 202, 203, and 204-size ball bearings were operated in a speed range of between 0.6 to 1.7 × 106DN value. Under lightly loaded conditions, oil-flow rates were varied between 1 and 500 range while friction power, oil-inlet, and outer-race temperatures were measured at speeds between 30,000 and 100,000 rpm.
Thermal-Cycling Test of a Hot Spot on a Vessel
Authors: Randall P. N. , Lang H. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the results of laboratory tests which simulated the effect of repeated cycles of heating and cooling of a spot on a catalytic-cracker regenerator shell. A specimen was made to resemble in all feasible respects a 6-ft-square piece of a cylindrical shell of a regenerator, including welded seams and vapor stops. After 50 cycles of heating to 900 F at the center of the spot for 1 or 2 days, then cooling to near room temperature, the plate was radiographed, its microstructure examined, and its mechanical properties determined. No evidence of cracking or of deterioration of the metallic structure was observed. Some distortion was produced by the first few cycles of heating but continued cycling did not produce further distortion.
Resistance Coefficients for Accelerated and Decelerated Flows Through Smooth Tubes and Orifices
Authors: Daily J. W. , Hankey W. L. , Olive R. W. , Jordaan J. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper is a summary of the results of investigations of the drop in potential and boundary resistance in unsteady motion for cases of surface resistance caused by boundary shear stresses and cases of form-type resistance associated with the high shear and generation and diffusion of turbulence accompanying jet formation. These cases were obtained using uniform diameter conduits and orifices in conduits. From tests in the MIT unsteady flow water tunnel, the effects of accelerated and decelerated flows were studied. In the case of flow through a uniform tube, it was found that the boundary resistance at any instant during accelerated motion was slightly greater than the equivalent steady-state case while, for decelerated motion, it was slightly less. In the case of flow through orifices, it was found that the combined resistance of the orifice and the conduit was less during accelerated motion and more during decelerated motion than for the equivalent steady-state cases.
Process Design of Tubular Heaters
Authors: Mekler L. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Factors defining the principal process requirement of tubular heaters—the “time-temperature effect,” and means of obtaining different rates of heat input in portions of the coil of a heater to produce the desired time-temperature relationship are discussed. The most popular types of process tubular heaters used, at present, are briefly described and evaluated as to their general adaptability to operate with single and multiple streams and varying heat-input rates. Numerical examples of the effects of change in spacing of tubes and the use of single and double-row banks are given.
Preliminary Investigation of Minimum Oil-Feed Rates for Fluid-Film Conditions in Journal Bearings
Authors: Fuller D. D. , Sternlicht Beno 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many industrial bearings do not operate with an abundant supply of lubricant. Bearings that are fed with wicks, pads, and drop-feed oilers, for example, are found in this category. It has been demonstrated that a certain volume of lubricant must be supplied to a journal bearing to permit the formation of a complete hydrodynamic fluid film. Since it is generally desirable to have bearings operate with a fluid film in order to develop the least friction and wear, the question of determining the minimum rate of feed in order to insure such operation is of some importance. The work described in this paper has resulted in a method which appears promising for predicting the minimum feed rate for a journal bearing. The minimum feed rate is evaluated in terms of speed, load, clearance, and size of bearing. The method is based on a theoretical analysis supplemented by experimentally determined constants.
Measurement of Mean Fluid Temperatures
Authors: Trefethen Lloyd 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is shown that the mean temperature obtained for a section of a heat exchanger varies with the technique of measurement. Because of axial heat flow, neither a mixing box, nor temperature and velocity probes in a turbulent fluid, will give the energy mean temperature of the moving fluid. For long, thin-walled, uniformly heated tubes, the inherent discrepancy due to the use of a mixing-box mean temperature is negligible if RePr &gt; 30. The tube and apparatus, however, may have an axial conductivity many times that of the fluid, and it is shown that some of the experimental data for liquid metals may have been influenced by this axial heat-flow discrepancy.
Metal Transport in Liquid-Water Systems and Effect on Heat Transfer
Authors: Datsko S. C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A series of tests was conducted to determine the effects on heat transfer caused by the corrosion by water of zirconium tubes and by the deposition of corrosion products of a stainless-steel system on the zirconium-tube walls. Tests were conducted at water velocities from 2 to 30 fps and beat-flow rates from 30,000 to 500,000 Btu hr-sq ft of surface in single-tube, countercurrent, water-to-water heat exchangers. The heating-water temperature ranged between 500 and 620 F and the cooling-water temperature between 450 and 500 F. Several water treatments, such as deionization and oxygen or hydrogen additions, were investigated. Results of these tests are given in the paper.
Combustion Calculations for Multiple Fuels
Authors: Buna Tibor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a procedure for the calculation of the composite analysis and heat content of a plurality of fuels fired in combination, with special emphasis on the difficulties often encountered by the test and operating engineers in obtaining reliable fuel-flow data. The propagation of uncertainties in the basic quantities defining alternate efficiencies are discussed, and a procedure for the graphical representation of the CO2-O2 excess-air relationship for dual fuels is developed.
The Viscosity of Steam, Heavy-Water Vapor, and Argon at Atmospheric Pressure Up to High Temperatures
Authors: Bonilla C. F. , Wang S. J. , Weiner H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Because of the increasing emphasis on high-temperature processes and high-speed flight, the physical properties of gases at high temperatures and atmospheric pressures have acquired considerable importance. A recent study (1) of the viscosity of steam was carried out over the range of 450 to 1200 deg C in a heat-jacketed apparatus. At that point failure of refractory supports in the furnace precluded higher and lower temperature runs. It was decided to repeat this work with the same type of capillary efflux viscometer but a stronger support for the capillary, and also cover lower and higher temperatures. The viscosity of D2O vapor, not found in the literature, was also determined. In addition, the viscosity of argon was measured, in view of expressed doubts (2) as to the accuracy of Vasilesco’s results.
Water-Hammer Calculations and Test Results—Owens Gorge Power Plant Penstocks
Authors: Bratfisch A. E. , Cartwright K. O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Water-hammer calculations were made for the three penstocks of the Owens Gorge Power Plants to determine proper governor and relief-valve time settings. Test results show good agreement with the calculations. Computing methods, complete test results, and an analysis of these results are included in this paper. A brief discussion of the operation of the surge chambers for these plants is also included.
Pullman-Standard’s Train X
Authors: Gray T. C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The author establishes the several basic objectives motivating introduction of Train X, and presents in digest form a description of the more important design features calculated to meet these objectives, including a discussion of single-axle suspension, automatic coupling, structure, acoustic treatment, and so on. He lays particular stress on the importance of cost reduction (initial, operating, and maintenance) and emphasizes the extent to which design was influenced by this factor and the need to provide maximum passenger comfort and acceptance.
Validity of Time-Compensated Temperature Parameters for Correlating Creep and Creep-Rupture Data
Authors: Garofalo F. , Smith G. V. , Royle B. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Several time-compensated temperature parameters, which were proposed as dependent only on the initial stress, are discussed with relation to time of creep rupture and to minimum and average creep rates. The so-called master “curve” is discussed in terms of experimentally determined relationships. In checking the validity of the proposed parameters, using experimental results for several ferritic and austenitic steels, it is found that these parameters are not single-valued functions of the initial stress over wide ranges in stress, and the existence of a master curve for these parameters is doubtful.
Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperatures of Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Foley F. B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Interest in the elevated-temperature properties of the relatively new engineering metal, ductile cast iron, has prompted the gathering together of data (1 to 5) on the subject and the correlation of them on a uniform basis. In correlating the values obtained by the several laboratories on different melts of somewhat different compositions, use is made of the equation applied originally in the evaluation of effects of time and temperature in the tempering of steel and later adapted by Larson and Miller (6) to the determination of stress rupture and creep values for various conditions of temperature, load, and time from data which had been obtained under limited sets of conditions. The paper demonstrates the application of the Larson-Miller method.
A Practical Pulsation Threshold for Flowmeters
Authors: Head V. P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pulsation intensity Γ is defined as the ratio of extreme flow variation to average flow. An intensity Γ = 0.1 is recommended as a practical pulsation threshold below which the performance of all types of flowmeters will differ negligibly from the mathematical ideal of steady flow. An equation suitable for estimating the error range at various intensities is presented, and the problems of correlation of attenuator performance and meter response are considered.
The Influence of Shank Area on the Tensile Impact Strength of Bolts
Authors: Love John , Pringle O. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The effect of reduction of shank cross-sectional area on the tensile impact strength of 5/16, 3/8, and 7/16-in. steel bolts was investigated experimentally. Low-carbon 3/8-in. bolts with rolled threads absorbed maximum impact energy when the ratio of shank area to thread-root area was equal to 1.23. Heat-treated medium-carbon 3/8-in. bolts absorbed maximum impact energy when the ratio of shank area to thread-root area was equal to 1.17 for shanks reduced by drilling or 1.12 for shanks reduced by turning. Results for other sizes were similar. It was concluded that for maximum energy absorption the shank area should approximately equal the mean or tensile-stress area of the threads, with minor corrections to compensate for work hardening due to thread rolling or surface oxidation resulting from heat-treatment.
Report of the Investigation of Two Generator Rotor Fractures
Authors: Schabtach C. , Fogleman E. L. , Rankin A. W. , Winne D. H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The recent fractures of two large generator rotors led to the initiation of an extensive investigation to clarify the causes of the trouble. This paper describes the various phases of the investigation, which included a thorough study of features of design and manufacture and the characteristics of the rotor materials, together with a presentation of the results.
Large Rotor Forgings for Turbines and Generators
Authors: Mochel N. L. , Peterson R. E. , Conrad J. D. , Gunther D. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses turbine-generator rotor forgings. It includes a brief history of the development of present designs, materials used, manufacturing methods, and the various testing practices employed. Special reference is made to low-pressure rotor construction. A discussion on types of instability encountered in turbine rotors is included. The paper includes a section on design criteria dealing with static considerations, fatigue considerations, and reports the results of several model bursting tests. The importance of proper alignment of rotor shafts is covered.
Acceptance Guides for Ultrasonic Inspection of Large Rotor Forgings
Authors: Rankin A. W. , Moriarty C. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of establishing criteria, based on ultrasonic examination, for the acceptance or rejection of large rotor forgings. From the results of trepanning and cutting up a number of such forgings, guide lines are established for determining when trepanning should be used for identification of the ultrasonic discontinuities.
Work of the Task Group on Brittle Failure of Steel Forgings
Authors: Schaefer A. O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Specifications for steel products as well as the methods of testing and inspecting steel products are entrusted by the American Society for Testing Materials to Committee A-1. This is the oldest and one of the largest technical committees of the Society. The work of the committee is, in turn, delegated to a number of subcommittees covering various products such as sheet, plate, pipe, bars, etc. Steel forgings are the responsibility of Sub-Committee VI. The current yearbook of the Society indicates that Sub-Committee VI has 65 members. This paper covers the activities of Sub-Committee-VI Task Force on Brittle Failure of Steel Forgings.
Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution in Laminar-Film Condensation
Authors: Rohsenow W. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Most of the analyses of laminar-film condensation since Nusselt’s pioneer paper have assumed a linear-temperature distribution within the film. Bromley performed an analysis allowing for a nonlinear temperature distribution but omitting the effect of cross flow within the film. His result is in variance with the result obtained here.
Scoring Characteristics of Thirty-Eight Different Elemental Metals in High-Speed Sliding Contact With Steel
Authors: Roach A. E. , Goodzeit C. L. , Hunnicutt R. P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A study has been made of the “score resistance” of 38 elemental metals tested as slider bearings against 1045 steel disks. It was found that the metals which have the best score resistance against steel are the B-subgroup metals which are either insoluble with iron or else form intermetallic compounds with iron.
Some Aspects of High-Suction Specific-Speed Pump Inducers
Authors: Ross C. C. , Banerian Gordon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Some aspects of the design and performance characteristics of high-suction specific-speed pumps (cavitating inducer) are discussed. Although conventional pump-suction specific speeds are limited by incipient cavitation limits, the properly designed cavitating inducer can operate at values of suction specific speeds many times that limited by incipient cavitation. Owing to the restricted nature of this material, the authors regret leaving out much of the design information.
Fly-Ash Refiring
Authors: Feeley F. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over a period of 30 years a vast expansion of plants of the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Company has taken place on the Kanawha River, South Charleston, W. Va. The accompanying growth of power plants has created a fly ash-disposal problem. Three years ago when the addition of a new 250,000-lb-per-hr boiler installation was contemplated, it was decided to incorporate refiring features which largely would eliminate the difficulty. A description of the installation and its performance is given in the paper.
Test of an Experimental Coal-Burning Turbine
Authors: Mordell D. L. , Foster-Pegg R. W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In 1949 one of the authors suggested’ that, by the use of the exhaust-heated cycle for a gas-turbine power plant, the new problems and difficulties then besetting those who were trying to produce a coal-burning gas turbine, including (a) feeding of pulverized coal under pressure, (b) burning pulverized coal under pressure, (c) gasifying coal under pressure, (d) separating ash from high-temperature gases, (e) establishing the tolerance of turbine blades to ash erosion, might be replaced by two problems different in degree but not in nature from those encountered in the design of boilers, namely, (1) combustion of coal in a furnace at essentially atmospheric pressure; (2) heating of a compressed gas by transfer of heat from hot combustion products. It appeared that adaptation of the existing technology to the gas-turbine conditions should prove easier than the evolution of a completely new technology. It was recognized, however, that the differences in degree made it impossible to design, with confidence, a power plant which might be expected to be immediately successful. It was, therefore, suggested that a purely experimental plant should be designed, constructed, and tested to lay the foundations for a future successful design. Representatives of the two major Canadian railroads considered that this proposal might lead to the evolution of a coal-burning gas-turbine locomotive that would play a useful part in their operations. The Dominion Coal Board felt that such a program might lead to the development of improved ways of utilizing coal and thereby effectively help the Canadian coal industry. The Department of Mines and Technical Surveys then placed a contract with McGill University for such a program to be carried out under the senior author’s direction. Since that time, a vast amount of work has been done. The experimental plant has been built and has now completed its first series of tests. A great deal of theoretical design and economic consideration has been given to possible applications. The present paper reviews what has been done, and discusses the lessons that have been learned and their application in the future.
Development of High Performance Vertical Falling Film Plastic Dehumidifier Exploiting Surface Modification Technique
Authors: Khan Rehan , Patil Digvijay , Kumar Ritunesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Plastics as air–liquid desiccant contacting surfaces are being explored as a promising alternative to metallic surfaces in falling film towers. Nevertheless, the poor wetness of plastics has severely restricted its extensive practical applicability. In the current experimental study, a surface modification technique is employed to enhance the dehumidification performance of single polypropylene (PP) plastic plate surface. Dehumidification ability of three kinds of plastic plate surface: plain PP plate, modified PP plate A, and modified PP plate B were investigated and compared in an adiabatic vertical falling film tower. It was found that the best modified PP plate offered 48.1–127.0% improvement in dehumidification effectiveness as compared to the plain PP plate with an average improvement of 83.3%. Furthermore, a new correlation is developed to predict the dehumidification effectiveness of plastic and metallic surfaces of adiabatic/nonadiabatic falling film tower by incorporating the wetting factor and sensible cooling information in the correlation equation. The new approach takes into account the sensible cooling (nonadiabatic absorber) of the desiccant solution in the upper half of the absorption column. The proposed correlation demonstrates excellent accord with 11 experimental datasets, with an average error of 12.7%.