bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social, Not Sexual
Authors: Wignall Liam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines differences between community members and non-community participants to identify how each group conceptualizes kink in terms of sex and sociality. Non-community participants primarily frame kink as a sexual activity, actively distancing themselves from social aspects of kink or incorporating kink as part of a master identity narrative. Community members understand kink to be a sexual activity, affording sexual arousal and pleasure, and a social activity, describing the benefits of community engagement and emphasizing feelings of belonging. Differences in how they interact with kink sociosexual networking sites (SSNS) are also discussed. Non-community participants use kink SSNS more functionally to seek kinky sex. Community members are likely to invest more into their kink SSNS profiles, using the sites in ways that mirror everyday social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter, as well as to seek kinky sexual encounters. However, the social motivations are more prevalent than the sexual motivations.
Musical care in adulthood
Authors: Procter Simon , DeNora Tia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Adulthood is in some senses the most neglected phase of life, despite being in most cases the longest: there is often an assumption that this life stage is when we are least in need of care. Nevertheless, adulthood requires work for its achievement and sustaining, often in the face of significant challenges, which may include the need to care for both ourselves and others. Written from two perspectives, music therapy and cultural sociology, this chapter considers four aspects of musical care—that associated with self-care, that associated with familial or emotional ties, that is associated with industrialized and commercialized provision, and finally ‘music therapy’ in the broadest sense—specifically intentional musical forms of care provision, whether these are professionalized or not. Particular attention is paid to ‘lay musical expertise’—i.e., the skills and knowledge that people who are not trained as musicians or therapists nevertheless bring to musical actions and interactions within musical care. It is argued that viewing music as intervention is inadequate for capturing the fine threads of how musical care gets performed within adulthood. There is a need for research that pays detailed attention to the sometimes momentary instances of musical interaction between people. This chapter proposes the use of ethnographic and ethnomusicological approaches to learn more about the everyday use of music as a means of care by and for adults, and the chapter calls for further interdisciplinary work in this area.
Understanding of Cognitive States
Authors: Miller Scott A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Theory of mind involves understanding of both cognitive states (e.g., beliefs, perceptions) and affective states (e.g., emotions, empathy). This chapter addresses the first of these topics. It begins with a further discussion of second-order false belief, followed by an overview of several other often used measures of cognitive understanding. In each instance, mastery develops gradually across the grade-school and adolescent years, and thus well beyond the time period for first-order developments. Indeed, in some instances performance is not perfect even in adulthood. The concluding sections of the chapter then address the contexts in which such understanding develops and is expressed. Included are discussions of culture (still an understudied variable), language, executive function, parenting (clearly important), and siblings.
Social Investment or Childcare on the Cheap?
Authors: Morgan Kimberly J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Governments have expanded early childhood education and care (ECEC) in recent decades—often in the name of social investment—yet some do so in ways that are more congruent with social investment objectives than others. To explain these differences, this chapter analyzes ECEC expansions in six countries—France, Germany, Ireland, Slovenia, New Zealand, and Norway—whose systems differ in terms of quality, accessibility to low-income families, and the quality of work for ECEC staff. Two factors explain these differences. One is whether ECEC programs are administered by educational or social welfare administrations, which shapes protagonists involved in program expansion. Left political power is the second factor influencing the nature of ECEC expansion: Left and right governments have expanded spending on ECEC in recent years, yet only left parties do so in ways congruent with social investment goals. These governments are therefore more likely to develop programs that invest in children, their parents, and ECEC workers.
The Decolonial Virtues of Ethnospeculative Fiction
Authors: Moya Paula M. L. , Larkin Lesley 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Proposing that there is no account of an apocalypse that is not also an argument—albeit a negative one—for how the world should be organized, this chapter turns to apocalyptic, postapocalyptic, and dystopian speculative fiction to discuss its ethical potential in the classroom. Introducing “ethnospeculation” as one of the most significant modes through which authors, readers, teachers, and students communicate with each other, the authors highlight the way critical practices of reading and writing developed by literary critics in the academy can cultivate virtue in the service of promoting justice. Drawing on literary works from several different ethnic communities, they argue that such comparative study contributes to a repository of wide-ranging practices and behaviors that constitute what can be considered “virtuous” or “good” in different societies. In this way, ethnospeculative fiction provides an invaluable space within which to examine ethical certainties and explore fundamental values.
Proselytes of a New Nation
Authors: Katsikas Stefanos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this book is to explore the conversion of Muslims to Eastern Orthodox Christianity (Orthodox Christianity) during the Greek War of Independence and the life of the converts during the war and the first three decades of the postindependence years (1821–1862). The book looks at the neophytes’ relations with the Greek and Ottoman states, as well as the ways in which the neophytes merged into Greek society. Since Greek national identity is inextricably linked to Orthodox Christianity, the book discusses the extent to which conversion assisted the neophytes’ integration into Greek society. The book aims to delve into the little-researched field of religious conversions in the Balkans in modern times, with emphasis on the conversion of Muslims to Christianity. The Greek case is not the only case in the modern Balkans where Muslims converted to Eastern Christian Orthodoxy. Pomaks, Bulgarian-speaking Muslims, were subjected to forcible conversion during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and in the 1940s, whereas in the Cold War era, the Bulgarian communist authorities initiated programs aimed at religious and ethnic assimilation of Pomaks and Turkish-speaking Muslims. Conversions of Muslims to Christian Orthodoxy also occurred in Serbia, Romania, and elsewhere in the Balkans. Yet, while Balkan historiography has focused on the Islamization of Christians in the region during the Ottoman period, it has paid little attention to the inverse process of Christianization of Muslims in the age of nationalism.
A Superpower Dies in Bed, 1979–1990
Authors: Mandelbaum Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The United States suffered geopolitical setbacks in 1979 with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the fall of the pro-American ruler of Iran, the Shah. During the ensuing decade American fortunes recovered while those of the Soviet Union and the communist bloc declined. In particular, communist economies experienced stagnation. A new Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, who came to power in 1985, revived détente with the United States. His efforts to reform the communist political and economic systems led, unintentionally, to the peaceful overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union itself, which together ended the Cold War.
Sources of Sustainability in the Early Modern World
Authors: Caradonna Jeremy L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the early history of sustainability, both the concept and the word itself. The main argument is that sustainability, as a concept, and later as a movement, emerged out of a crisis in forestry that occurred concurrently in numerous parts of the world, from Western and Central Europe to Japan, South Asia, the Caribbean, and the Indian Ocean. The 18th century witnessed a growing awareness about environmental change and humankind's relationship to that natural world.
The Industrial Revolution and Its Discontents
Authors: Caradonna Jeremy L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter takes a critical look at the narrative of progress that defined the Industrial Revolution and has in many ways continued to shape the modern world. The argument is that anthropogenic climate change and unsustainability is a direct consequence of a fossil-fuelled, growth-oriented economic system. The chapter demonstrates that critics of growth, consumption, and environmental degradation existed in the late 18th and 19th centuries, and came from all walks of life and diverse political viewpoints.
The Future
Authors: Caradonna Jeremy L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by sketching out ten key challenges for the sustainability movement going forward: creating a shared vision for the future, moving past neoclassical economics, increasing resilience, addressing inequality, restoring and safeguarding natural systems, tackling climate as well as other environmental problems, fighting greenwashing, and avoiding politicization. The book thus ends by connecting past, present, and future and offer some guidance on where the sustainability movement can go in the 2020s, 2030s, and beyond.
China and the Globalization of Legal Education
Authors: McConnaughay Philip J. , Toomey Colleen B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the potentially profound impact on global legal education of Peking University’s experimental law school, the School of Transnational Law (“STL”), in Shenzhen, China. The closest Mainland neighbor of Hong Kong, Shenzhen was China’s first “Special Economic Zone.” Its rapid economic transformation (1980–2020) from agriculture and manufacturing into perhaps the world’s leading center of technological innovation has been remarkable, largely without the support of a pre-existing legal infrastructure (i.e., published laws with a well-developed legal profession, judiciary and public administration). Hong Kong, one of the world’s leading centers of sophisticated financial services, in contrast, achieved its economic power with the support of a well-developed common law legal system and infrastructure established during British rule. Today, Shenzhen and Hong Kong are principal China gateways to the global north and south and part of China’s Greater Bay Area, the nine cities of the Pearl River Delta that constitute the world’s most populous single metropolitan area, interconnected by advanced systems of communications, transportation and energy that portend an integrated economy competitive with any in the world. The consensus among China leadership is that the Greater Bay Area’s sustained economic development and international engagements depend on a fully developed legal infrastructure capable of serving the advanced economy and multiple legal and commercial systems and traditions characteristic of the region. It is the mission of Peking University’s School of Transnational Law to develop a program of legal education designed to produce a legal profession capable of providing these services. STL is changing the nature and purpose of Chinese legal education in the process.
The Paradox of Survivor Leadership
Authors: Dang Minh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the dilemmas faced by movement leaders. It argues that lived experience expertise is essential for social movements but that survivors face a double bind. How should survivors of sexual or gender violence bring their experience to the movement when this leadership and advocacy expose the individual to the male-centric social gaze that permeates wider society and which constantly generates narratives that reduce the agency of survivor-activists to the “gory details” of their past experiences? A second dilemma, the chapter contends, emerges if we are to take seriously standpoint epistemology—the fact that what we see and know is based on who we are and where we stand. The challenge is clear: how to cultivate crucial movement allies from communities that lack the unique perspective that comes from lived experience of human trafficking. These dilemmas also emerge within survivor movements, making it all the more important for cisgender women to explicitly look for opportunities to empathize and educate themselves about the experiences of survivors who are nonbinary or transgender women and men.
“A Different Kind of Weapon”
Authors: Gray Felicity 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how most civilian protection programs—including those of the UN and AU—rely on the use of armed peacekeepers, based on the logic that a credible threat of retaliation will dissuade would-be perpetrators from harming civilians. It identifies limitations with this status quo and offers instead a nonviolent civilian protection approach that is rooted in a wide range of nonviolence practices and strategies. The goal is to reduce overall levels of harm and threat. This more extensive and integrated approach allows the chapter to explore the alternative set of dilemmas that may emerge were this approach to be adopted. By putting the Responsibility to Protect literature into conversation with the strategic nonviolence literature, the chapter goes against the dominant trend of international civilian protection practice.
Raising the Stakes
Authors: Poling Gregory B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the dynamics that fueled the rapid escalation of the South China Sea disputes from 2009 to 2014. These included the extended continental shelf claims of Malaysia and Vietnam, the subsequent elevation of the nine-dash line as the formal demarcation of China’s claims, and the steady increase in violent standoffs involving Chinese law enforcement vessels. The chapter traces the Obama administration’s attempts to respond to these rising tensions, which coincided with and eventually undermined its “Pivot to Asia,” starting with the failure to prevent China’s takeover of Scarborough Shoal from the Philippines. The chapter concludes with the filing of the Philippines’ landmark arbitration case against China.
Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Fabian Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study of subjective wellbeing has grown substantially in recent decades and is now seeking to influence public policy. The complexities of this new application have revealed weaknesses in the foundations of the field. Its operationalist epistemology was appropriate given its historical context, but undermines its ability to explain the mechanisms by which policy can improve subjective wellbeing. Likewise, the field’s deliberate avoidance of the evaluative element of “wellbeing”—what is “good for” somebody—leaves it poorly equipped to engage with the ethical and political complexities of policymaking. The present volume provides the theoretical depth that the field of subjective wellbeing is lacking by integrating psychological, philosophical, economic, and political perspectives on wellbeing. The end result is a rich and ethically sensitive theory of subjective wellbeing that can underpin scholarly research, inform therapy and self-help, and guide wellbeing public policy.
The Subjective Wellbeing Production Function
Authors: Fabian Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter commences the elaboration of a theory of subjective wellbeing that addresses the shortcomings of the philosophical and psychological perspectives canvassed in chapters 1 through 3. The theory has two parts. The first is the subjective wellbeing production function—a model of wellbeing as outcome. The second is the coalescence of being—a model of the process by which subjective wellbeing is achieved. This chapter introduces the production function, which is then elaborated on in chapters 5 through 8. It is composed of three “dimensions”—hedonia, eudaimonia, and conscience—which correspond intuitively to the sense that life is pleasant, fulfilling, and valuable, respectively. The chapter describes each of these dimensions and their subcomponents, as well as key parameters that affect the operation of the function, namely emotional wellbeing, nihilism, sensitivity to relative status, and attention.
Eudaimonia
Authors: Fabian Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Eudaimonic accounts of wellbeing have a rich and storied history in philosophy and psychology. This chapter opens with an explanation of the similarities and differences between these theories. The rest of the chapter focuses on psychological perspectives, especially that of self-determination theory. This body of psychological literature provides an enormous amount of insight into the nature of subjective wellbeing, especially how to get it. The chapter reviews the most important of these approaches, namely the ones focusing on basic psychological needs, the motivation spectrum, the notion of self-concordant goals, and the evolutionary underpinnings of our psychological makeup.
The Coalescence of Being
Authors: Fabian Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines the coalescence of being in full, drawing extensively on a wide range of theories and findings in psychology. The core of the process is the harmonization of the actual, ideal, and ought selves, an idea from self-discrepancy theory. Self-determination theory is then integrated to provide a deeper understanding of how these self-concepts map onto the motivation spectrum and basic psychological needs. The end result of coalescence is a state of generalized flow. The middle of the chapter embellishes this theoretical core with additional insights from the psychology of goal setting, self-verification theory, development psychology, and the automatization of behavior. The final section is a long analysis of how coalescence leads to all the elements of the subjective wellbeing production function.
Conclusion
Authors: Fabian Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The conclusion provides a summary of each chapter and the book’s central thesis, namely that SWB is a kind of generalized state of flow, and can be modeled as a combination of the subjective wellbeing production function (a model of SWB as an outcome) and the coalescence of being (a model of SWB as a process). The conclusion opens by referring back to Alexandrova’s “better implicit logic for construct evaluation,” which motivated the content of chapters 3 through 10. The conclusion then argues that those chapters have furnished the well-specified and ethically sensitive theory of wellbeing that Alexandrova requested. The theory of subjective wellbeing that gives this book its title sets the field up for its ongoing transition out of the laboratories of the ivory tower and into value-laden applied contexts, notably public policy. The book ends on an optimistic note, arguing that wellbeing is rightfully ascending in importance and influence across scholarly and policy contexts.
The Agency-Structure Dichotomy
Authors: Beck Colin J. , Bukovansky Mlada , Chenoweth Erica , Lawson George , Nepstad Sharon Erickson , Ritter Daniel P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChapter 2 takes on the debate surrounding the relative importance of structural conditions versus human agency in revolutions. There is a tendency among scholars of revolution to see the relationship between structural factors and revolutionary agents as a theoretical zero-sum game that must be resolved before a theoretical contribution can be made. Historically, the social scientific study of revolutions has favored structural accounts and theories, and this has led to a structural bias within the field. However, with the study of revolutions becoming fragmented and examined by researchers who might not identify as revolution theorists, new opportunities for novel thinking have appeared. This chapter merges insights from the study of civil resistance with more conventional wisdom from revolution studies to show that neither a heavy-handed focus on agency nor on structures constitutes a viable way forward. Rather, structure and agency must be seen as complements in revolutionary mobilization. At the moment, there is little analysis of how structural conditions may shape strategic choices or how human action might bring about structural shifts that create state vulnerability. As an alternative, the chapter proposes that “strategy,” defined as “structurally situated agency” may provide a way out of this particular dichotomy. Here, the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 is used as a case study to highlight the potential benefits of such an approach.
Ethics in Revolution(ary) Research
Authors: Beck Colin J. , Bukovansky Mlada , Chenoweth Erica , Lawson George , Nepstad Sharon Erickson , Ritter Daniel P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChapter 8 addresses issues of ethics in revolutions research. As revolutionary actors and scholars interact, the dichotomy between revolutionary insiders and outsiders appears to be not as firm as some may have assumed. What are scholars’ ethical responsibilities? While each situation raises its own ethical considerations, this chapter provides some general points of reflection and engages questions of how scholarship is linked to practice in revolutionary studies. The chapter also evaluates three false dichotomies that permeate contemporary ethics discourse on revolutions and engaged scholarship more generally: research/practice; descriptive/prescriptive analysis; and complicity/resistance. It shows how and why these dichotomies can be misleading and potentially counterproductive in generating constructive and transformative integration between revolutionary scholarship and practice. It concludes by offering 12 self-reflective questions to scholars of revolution, which may help to inform an ethically engaged study of revolution. The chapter may be useful for researchers who engage in public-facing scholarship and those who consider themselves scholar-activists or movement participants more explicitly.
Introduction
Authors: Saiya Nilay 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the present work. It explains the underlying motivation for the book and its significance for both the study of global political and for the global Christian community. It introduces the book’s major argument that the pursuit of political privilege by the church has detrimental effects for the its gospel witness, yet when Christians have rebuffed the temptation of political power, they have maintained their moral credibility and have been better empowered to transform lives around the world and contribute in their unique way to healthy societies and polities. The chapter concludes by presenting a brief overview of each of the book’s remaining chapters.