bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of long noncoding RNA MIAT attenuates hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the miR‐488‐3p/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Zhiling , Hu Jie , Zhou Shulan , Ai Wenwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDysfunction of cardiomyocytes contributes to the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA myocardial infarction‐associated transcript (MIAT) in cardiomyocyte injury remains largely unclear. The cardiomyocyte injury was assessed via cell viability and apoptosis using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. The levels of MIAT, microRNA (miR)‐488‐3p, and Wnt5a were detected via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. After bioinformatical analysis, the binding between miR‐488‐3p and MIAT or Wnt5a was confirmed via dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull‐down assays. Our results showed that MIAT expression was increased in AC16 cells after hypoxia treatment. Silencing of MIAT alleviated hypoxia‐induced viability reduction, apoptosis increase, and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. MIAT directly targeted miR‐488‐3p. MiR‐488‐3p might repress hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocyte injury, and its knockdown reversed the effect of MIAT depletion on cardiomyocyte injury. Wnt5a was validated as a target of miR‐488‐3p. Wnt5a expression restoration attenuated the influence of MIAT knockdown on hypoxia‐triggered cardiomyocyte injury. Our findings demonstrated that downregulation of MIAT might mitigate hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocyte injury partly through miR‐488‐3p mediated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Inhibition of intermittent calcium‐activated potassium channel (SK4) attenuates Ang II‐induced hypertrophy of human‐induced stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes via targeting Ras–Raf–MEK1/2–ERK1/2 and CN–NFAT signaling pathways
Authors: Zhao Hongyi , Wang Xi , Tang Yanhong , Zhao Qingyan , Huang Congxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy caused by angiotensin II (Ang II) is essential for the pathological process of heart failure. The intermediate calcium‐activated potassium channel (SK4) has been shown to be involved in the process of the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the role of SK4 in cardiac hypertrophy has not been elucidated. Cardiac hypertrophy in human‐induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived cardiomyocytes (HiPSC‐CMs) was induced by Ang II. Cells were transfected with SK4 adenovirus or treated with SK4 inhibitor (TRAM‐34). TUNEL staining was used to assess the levels of apoptosis. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels, respectively. The present results showed that SK4 expression was upregulated in HiPSC‐CMs stimulated by Ang II. The downregulation of SK4 by a specific inhibitor TRAM‐34 markedly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy (reflected by the mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and β‐myosin heavy chain) and apoptosis (reflected by the level of Caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl‐2) induced by Ang II treatment. The action of SK4 in cardiac hypertrophy was mediated by Ras–Raf–mitogen‐activated protein kinases 1/2 (MEK1/2)–extracellular‐regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and calcineurin (CN)–nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT) activation. Our studies demonstrated that inhibition of SK4 significantly alleviated cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang II in hiPSC‐CMs by targeting Ras–Raf–MEK1/2–ERK1/2 signaling and CN–NFAT signaling pathway. Our studies suggest that SK4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target that could delay hypertrophy.
Intravascular imaging for left main stem assessment: An update on the most recent clinical data
Authors: Cortese Bernardo , Piraino Davide , Gentile Domitilla , Onea Horea‐Laurentiu , Lazar Leontin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeft main (LM) stem has different structural and anatomical characteristics compared to all of the other segments of the coronary tree, thus its management through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a challenge and is associated with worse clinical outcome and higher need for revascularization as compared to other lesion settings. Intravascular imaging, by means of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), is an important tool for LM PCI guidance, aiming at improving the immediate performance and the long term outcome of this procedure. Following current guidelines and recent scientific findings, IVUS becomes important to firstly assess, and finally evaluate the result of LM stenting, according to the experience and preferences of the operator. The role of OCT still remains to be defined, but recent data is shedding light also on this imaging technique. The aim of this review is to highlight the latest scientific advancements regarding intravascular imaging in LM coronary artery disease.
Evaluation of factors associated with selection for coronary angiography and in‐hospital mortality among patients presenting with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest without ST‐segment elevation
Authors: Zheng Wayne C. , Noaman Samer , Batchelor Riley J. , Hanson Laura , Bloom Jason E. , Al‐Mukhtar Omar , Haji Kawa , D'Elia Nicholas , Ho Felicia C. S. , Kaye David , Shaw James , Yang Yang , French Craig , Stub Dion , Cox Nicholas , Chan William 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical factors favouring coronary angiography (CA) selection and variables associated with in‐hospital mortality among patients presenting with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) without ST‐segment elevation (STE) remain unclear.MethodsWe evaluated clinical characteristics associated with CA selection and in‐hospital mortality in patients with OHCA, shockable rhythm and no STE.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2018, 118 patients with OHCA and shockable rhythm without STE (mean age 59; males 75%) were stratified by whether CA was performed. Of 86 (73%) patients undergoing CA, 30 (35%) received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). CA patients had shorter return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) time (17 vs. 25 min) and were more frequently between 50 and 60 years (29% vs. 6.5%), with initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score >8 (24% vs. 6%) (all p < 0.05). In‐hospital mortality was 33% (n = 39) for overall cohort (CA 27% vs. no‐CA 50%, p = 0.02). Compared to late CA, early CA ( ≤ 2 h) was not associated with lower in‐hospital mortality (32% vs. 34%, p = 0.82). Predictors of in‐hospital mortality included longer defibrillation time (odds ratio 3.07, 95% confidence interval 1.44‒6.53 per 5‐min increase), lower pH (2.02, 1.33‒3.09 per 0.1 decrease), hypoalbuminemia (2.02, 1.03‒3.95 per 5 g/L decrease), and baseline renal dysfunction (1.33, 1.02‒1.72 per 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease), while PCI to lesion (0.11, 0.01‒0.79) and bystander defibrillation (0.06, 0.004‒0.80) were protective factors (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong patients with OHCA and shockable rhythm without STE, younger age, shorter time to ROSC and GCS >8 were associated with CA selection, while less effective resuscitation, greater burden of comorbidities and absence of treatable coronary lesion were key adverse prognostic predictors.
Age‐related changes in the coronary microcirculation influencing the diagnostic performance of invasive pressure‐based indices and long‐term patient prognosis
Authors: Faria Daniel , Mejia‐Renteria Hernan , Lee Joo Myung , Lee Seung Hun , Travieso Alejandro , Jung Ji‐Hyun , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Nam Chang‐Wook , Shin Eun‐Seok , Hoshino Masahiro , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Gonzalo Nieves , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Escaned Javier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesInvestigate age‐related changes in coronary microvascular function, its effect on hyperemic and non‐hyperemic indices of stenosis relevance, and its prognostic implications.BackgroundEvidence assessing the effect of age on fractional flow reserve (FFR), resting mean distal intracoronary pressure/mean aortic pressure (Pd/Pa), and microcirculatory function remains scarce.MethodsThis is a post hoc study of a large prospective international registry (NCT03690713) including 1134 patients (1326 vessels) with coronary stenoses interrogated with pressure and flow guidewires. Age‐dependent correlations with functional indices were analyzed. Prevalences of FFR, resting Pd/Pa, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) classification agreement were assessed. At 5 years follow‐up, the relation between resting Pd/Pa, CFR, and their age‐dependent implications on FFR‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) deferral (deferred if FFR > 0.80) were investigated using vessel‐oriented composite outcomes (VOCO) composed of death, myocardial infarction, and repeated revascularization.ResultsAge correlated positively with FFR (r = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03 to 0.13, p =  0.005), but not with resting Pd/Pa (r = −0.03, 95% CI:−0.09 to 0.02, p = 0.242). CFR correlated negatively with age (r = −0.15, 95% CI: −0.21 to −0.10, p < 0.001) due to a significant decrease in maximal hyperemic flow in older patients. Patients over 60 years of age with FFR‐guided deferred‐PCI abnormal resting Pd/Pa or abnormal CFR had increased risk of VOCO (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.36, p = 0.048; HR: 2.46, 95% CI:1.23 to 4.96, p = 0.011; respectively).ConlusionsAging is associated with decrease in microcirculatory vasodilation, as assessed with adenosine‐based methods like CFR. In patients older than 60 years in whom PCI is deferred according to FFR > 0.80, CFR and resting Pd/Pa have an incremental value in predicting future vessel‐oriented patient outcomes.
Revascularization and long‐term outcomes in high‐acuity spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Thaler Christina , Witt Dawn R. , Henry Timothy D. , Grey Elizabeth Z. , Baechler Courtney J. , Lohese Opema , Okeson Brynn K. , Schmidt Christian W. , Sharkey Scott W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is often treated conservatively due to revascularization risks. Yet, an important number of SCAD patients have high acuity characteristics necessitating revascularization, with uncertain long‐term outcomes.ObjectivesDocument revascularization utilization and long‐term outcomes in high acuity SCAD.MethodsProspective/retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to first SCAD event presenting directly to the Minneapolis Heart Institute 2002−2021, median follow‐up 3.8 years.ResultsAmong 139 patients (age 49 ± 12 years, 96% female), revascularization was performed in 60 (43%), utilizing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (n = 56, successful in 80%) or coronary artery bypass graft (n = 4). In the entire cohort, 90 (65%) unique patients had one or more high acuity characteristic: ST‐elevation (38%), proximal dissection (38%), cardiogenic shock (6.5%), cardiac arrest (9.4%), left main dissection (6.5%), peripartum dissection (7.2%). High acuity patients accounted for 51 of 60 (85%) revascularizations. Revascularization rates were: ST‐elevation (60%), proximal dissection (62%), cardiogenic shock (89%), cardiac arrest (62%), left main dissection (100%), peripartum dissection (70%). Survival was 97% (revascularized) vs 100% (nonrevascularized); p = 0.2. Adverse outcomes (revascularized vs. nonrevascularized) included recurrent AMI:16.7% versus 8.9%; p = 0.2, SCAD recurrence: 13.3% versus 6.3%; p = 0.1, stroke: 5% versus 2.5%; p = 0.44, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator: 6.7% versus 6.3%; p > 0.9. Reintervention was necessary in 21% of PCI‐treated patients.ConclusionsHigh‐acuity characteristics were present in nearly two‐thirds of this SCAD cohort; the vast majority of revascularizations were performed in high‐acuity patients. Despite high acuity, long‐term survival was favorable in revascularized patients.
Transcatheter aortic valve with a novel self‐expandable device in patients with previous mechanical mitral valve prosthesis
Authors: Tébar Márquez Daniel , Moreno Raul , Galeote Guillermo , Jurado‐Roman Alfonso , Jimenez‐Valero Santiago , García‐Escobar Artemio , Vera Silvio , Moreno‐Gómez Isidro , Lopez de Sa Esteban 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the procedural and early outcomes of patients with mechanical mitral valve prosthesis (MVP) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a novel self‐expandable retrievable device.BackgroundTAVR in patients with prior MVP may have an increased risk of complications related to device positioning and interference between both prosthetic valves.MethodsAn observational study was conducted, including eight patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis and prior mechanical MVP who underwent TAVR with the novel device AllegraTM (Biosensors). No transesophageal monitoring was used.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 75 years. The mean distance between MVP and aortic annulus was 3.8 mm. Procedural success was achieved in all patients with no major intraprocedural, in‐hospital, or follow‐up complications.ConclusionsTAVR with Allegra TAVI system in patients with prior MVP offers good procedural and clinical outcomes.
Left ventricular stroke volume index following transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an early predictor of 1‐year survival
Authors: Annamalai Shiva K. , Koethe Benjamin C. , Simsolo Eli , Huang Dou , Connors Ann , Resor Charles D. , Weintraub Andrew R. , Pandian Natesa G. , Downey Brian C. , Patel Ayan R. , Wessler Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdverse cardiac events are common following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Our aim was to investigate the low left ventricular stroke volume index (LVSVI) 30 days after TAVR as an early echocardiographic marker of survival.HypothesisSteady‐state (30‐day) LVSVI after TAVR is associated with 1‐year mortality.MethodsA single‐center retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing TAVR from 2017 to 2019. Baseline and 30‐day post‐TAVR echocardiographic LVSVI were calculated. Patients were stratified by pre‐TAVR transaortic gradient, surgical risk, and change in transvalvular flow following TAVR.ResultsThis analysis focuses on 238 patients treated with TAVR. The 1‐year mortality rate was 9% and 124 (52%) patients had normal flow post‐TAVR. Of those with pre‐TAVR low flow, 67% of patients did not normalize LVSVI at 30 days. The 30‐day normal flow was associated with lower 1‐year mortality when compared to low flow (4% vs. 14%, p = .007). This association remained significant after adjusting for known predictors of risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 3.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–11.63 [per 1 ml/m2 decrease], p = .046). Normalized transvalvular flow following TAVR was associated with reduced mortality (8%) when compared to those with persistent (15%) or new‐onset low flow (12%) (p = .01).ConclusionsLVSVI at 30 days following TAVR is an early echocardiographic predictor of 1‐year mortality and identifies patients with worse intermediate outcomes. More work is needed to understand if this short‐term imaging marker might represent a novel therapeutic target.
Spexin in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax: Characterization, brain distribution, and interaction with Gnrh and Gnih neurons
Authors: Paullada‐Salmerón José A. , Wang Bin , Muñoz‐Cueto José A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpexin (Spx) is a recently characterized neuropeptide implicated in multiple physiological processes in vertebrates, including reproduction, food intake, and regulation of anxiety and stress. Two orthologs (Spx1 and Spx2) are present in some nonmammalian vertebrates, including teleosts. However, information on the distribution of Spx in the brain and its interactions with other neuroendocrine systems in fish is still scarce. In this work, we cloned and sequenced the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Spx1, which included a 27 aa signal peptide and a mature peptide of 14 aa that is C‐terminal amidated. spx1 transcripts were higher in the diencephalon/caudal preoptic area/hypothalamus and medulla but were also detected in the olfactory bulbs, telencephalon/rostral preoptic area, optic tectum/tegmentum, cerebellum/pons, and pituitary. The immunohistochemical study revealed Spx1‐immunoreactive (ir) cells in different nuclei of the preoptic area, habenula, prethalamus, mesencephalic tegmentum and in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia of the pituitary. Spx1‐ir fibers were widely distributed throughout the brain being particularly abundant in the midbrain and hindbrain, in close contact with tegmental gonadotropin‐releasing hormone 2 (Gnrh2) cells and isthmic gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (Gnih) cells of the secondary gustatory nucleus. Moreover, Gnih fibers were observed innervating Spx1‐ir cells lying in several subdivisions of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and in the lateral nucleus of the valvula, whereas ventrolateral prethalamic Spx1‐ir cells received immunopositive Gnrh2 fibers. In the pituitary, Gnrh1‐ir fibers were observed closely associated with Spx1‐ir cells of the PPD. These results suggest that Spx1 could be involved in both reproductive and nonreproductive (i.e., food intake, behavior) functions in sea bass.
Smart bin: Waste segregation system using deep learning‐Internet of Things for sustainable smart cities
Authors: Mohammed Aarif K.O. , Mohamed Yousuff Caffiyar , Mohammed Hashim B.A. , Mohamed Hashim C. , Sivakumar P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWaste management is a major issue with the emerging growth in the world population, and we need to find efficient ways to recycle and reuse waste. Segregating waste has become a primary need in waste management as different types of waste like Bio & Non‐Bio‐degradable waste should be processed differently. Effective waste isolation at the fundamental level is especially required for this. Several Smart cities oriented smart garbage management systems are also proposed using Internet of Things (IoT) and GSM. The existing smart bins using IoT and wireless sensor network (WSN) are dependent significantly on two major things. First, multiple types of sensors, as a single sensor may not be able to detect different material waste, and second, the console (Microcontroller, Arduino Raspberry Pi) and connectivity which in turn dependent on programming and operating system. These limitations of the embedded smart bin are overcome by combining IoT with artificial intelligence approaches such as deep neural network (DNN) systems. In this paper, we have presented a Friendly Waste Segregator Using Deep Learning and the IoT to classify and isolate the waste objects as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable. Our proposed method utilizes, a robust deep learning network to classify the waste accurately and IoT for monitoring and connectivity using various sensors. Our proposed method with initial training can identify and segregte real‐time waste objects without human intervention with an average accuracy of 97.49 %. Our smart bin intends to provide optimized waste management of bio and non‐bio‐waste and help to build an ecologically safe society.
Graph convolutional neural networks‐based assessment of students' collaboration ability
Authors: Lin Jinjiao , Gao Tianqi , Wen Yuhua , Yu Xianmiao , You Bizhen , Yin Yanfang , Zhao Yanze , Pu Haitao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs 21st‐century skills have become increasingly important, collaboration ability is now considered essential in many areas of life. Different theoretical frameworks and assessment tools have emerged to measure this skill. However, more applied studies on its implementation and assessment in current educational settings are required. This research accordingly uses Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNs) to assess students' collaboration ability from students' assignments. The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the similarity of the level of students' collaboration ability, and similar students are linked together to establish an adjacency matrix. By sorting through relevant literature and selecting the feature words that represent the strength of collaboration ability, calculating the similarity between the preprocessed student data and each selected feature word, after which the highest value of the similarity as the feature value of the student for this feature and establish the student feature matrix. Finally, the GCNs are jointly trained by the adjacency matrix and the feature matrix. The results show that this method can effectively assess students' collaboration ability. Moreover, compared with other text classification methods, the GCNs selected in this paper has higher accuracy.
Optimized multi‐objective Q‐learning with enhanced beetle swarm optimization based scientific workflows scheduling on cloud computing environment
Authors: S Nivethithai , B Hariharan 
Published: October 2022

SummaryCloud technology has raised significant prominence providing a unique market economic approach for resolving large‐scale challenges in heterogeneous distributed systems. Through the use of the network, it delivers secure, quick, and profitable information storage with computational capability. Cloud applications are available on‐demand to meet a variety of user QoS standards. Due to the large number of users and tasks, it is important to achieve efficient planning of tasks submitted by users. One of the most important and difficult nondeterministic polynomial‐hard challenges in cloud technology is task scheduling. To overcome the problem, in this article, optimized multi‐objective Q‐learning with EBSO‐based task scheduling on the cloud is proposed. Q‐learning is one of the machine learning algorithms that can solve these types of problems. The proposed approach is divided into two processes: task prioritization and resource selection. In this article, initially, the tasks are prioritized by using the Q‐learning algorithm. After the prioritization, the tasks are assigned to resources by using the enhanced beetle swarm optimization (EBSO) algorithm. To achieve this, the multi‐objective function is designed based on makespan, cost, and resource utilization. The effectiveness of the suggested method is evaluated using a variety of criteria such as makespan, resource utilization, and cost.
Heterologous SARS‐CoV‐2 IgA neutralising antibody responses in convalescent plasma
Authors: Davis Samantha K , Selva Kevin John , Lopez Ester , Haycroft Ebene R , Lee Wen Shi , Wheatley Adam K , Juno Jennifer A , Adair Amy , Pymm Phillip , Redmond Samuel J , Gherardin Nicholas A , Godfrey Dale I , Tham Wai‐Hong , Kent Stephen J , Chung Amy W 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesFollowing infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, virus‐specific antibodies are generated, which can both neutralise virions and clear infection via Fc effector functions. The importance of IgG antibodies for protection and control of SARS‐CoV‐2 has been extensively reported. By comparison, other antibody isotypes including IgA have been poorly characterised.MethodsHere, we characterised plasma IgA from 41 early convalescent COVID‐19 subjects for neutralisation and Fc effector functions.ResultsConvalescent plasma IgA from > 60% of the cohort had the capacity to inhibit the interaction between wild‐type RBD and ACE2. Furthermore, a third of the cohort induced stronger IgA‐mediated ACE2 inhibition than matched IgG when tested at equivalent concentrations. Plasma IgA and IgG from this cohort broadly recognised similar RBD epitopes and had similar capacities to inhibit ACE2 from binding to 22 of the 23 prevalent RBD mutations assessed. However, plasma IgA was largely incapable of mediating antibody‐dependent phagocytosis in comparison with plasma IgG.ConclusionOverall, convalescent plasma IgA contributed to the neutralising antibody response of wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD and various RBD mutations. However, this response displayed large heterogeneity and was less potent than IgG.