bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of neonatal sepsis after universal antenatal culture‐based screening of group B streptococcus and intrapartum antibiotics: A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Ying Tze Viola , Lau Steven Yuk Fai , Hui Shuk Yi Annie , Ma Teresa , Kong Choi Wah , Kwong Lee Ting , Chan Diana , Lee Diana , Mok Sau Lan , Ma Vinci , Lo Yim Chong , Leung Kwok Yin , Leung Wing Cheong ,   HA‐DH Liaison Committee, COC (O&G)
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the incidences of early and late‐onset neonatal sepsis, including group B streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) before and after implementation of universal screening and intrapartum antibiotics prophylaxis (IAP).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingEight public hospitals and 31 Maternal and Child Health Centres (in Hong Kong.Population460 552 women attending routine antenatal service from 2009 to 2020.MethodsUniversal culture‐based GBS screening has been offered to eligible women since 2012. Total births, GBS screening tests, maternal GBS colonisation and neonatal sepsis with positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid were retrieved from clinical and laboratory database.Main outcome measuresMaternal GBS colonisation rate, early‐ and late‐onset neonatal sepsis (including GBS and E. coli).ResultsOf 318 740 women with universal culture‐based screening, 63 767 women (20.0%) screened positive. After implementation of GBS screening and IAP, the incidence of early‐onset neonatal sepsis decreased (3.25 versus 2.26 per 1000 live births, p < 0.05), including those caused by GBS (1.03 versus 0.26 per 1000 live births, p < 0.05). Segmented regression showed that change in early‐onse GBS sepsis incidence after screening was the only significant variable in the outcome trend. There was no significant evidence of increase in incidence of late‐onset neonatal sepsis including those caused by GBS.ConclusionsUniversal culture‐based GBS screening and IAP were associated with reduction in early‐onset neonatal sepsis including GBS disease. Although an increase in incidence of late‐onset neonatal sepsis including those caused by GBS cannot be totally ruled out, we did not identify significant evidence that this occurred.
Downregulation of fibulin‐4 inhibits autophagy and promotes the sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to apatinib by activating the Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Wang Jianyu , Song Liang , Yu Yang , Shi Mo , Jiang Wenpeng , Liu Xiangyan , He Xiaopeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFibulin‐4, namely, EFEMP2, is an essential matricellular protein associated with a variety of malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the role of fibulin‐4 in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as well as its effect on ESCC sensitivity to apatinib treatment.MethodsThe expression of fibulin‐4 in ESCC tissues and cell lines was detected. Stably transfected ESCC cells were established by transducing lentiviral vectors for silencing or overexpressing the fibulin‐4 gene into ESCC cells, and a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of ESCC in mice was successfully established. IHC, RT–qPCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins. The CCK8 assay, EdU cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of ESCC cells. After mice were sacrificed, the transplanted tumors were resected, and their volumes were measured.ResultsThe expression of fibulin‐4 was significantly increased in both ESCC tissues and cell lines, and the high expression was closely related to the poor clinicopathological features. Downregulation of fibulin‐4 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, fibulin‐4 knockdown inhibited autophagy of tumor cells by activating the Akt–mTOR signaling pathway and significantly promoted apatinib‐induced apoptosis of ESCC cells.ConclusionOur study showed that fibulin‐4 is an oncogene that can promote ESCC progression and inhibit apoptosis. Downregulation of fibulin‐4 enhances the sensitivity of ESCC cells to apatinib by inhibiting cellular protective autophagy through activating the Akt–mTOR signaling pathway.
Mendelian Randomization Mixed-Scale Treatment Effect Robust Identification and Estimation for Causal Inference
Authors: Liu Zhonghua , Ye Ting , Sun Baoluo , Schooling Mary , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Standard Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis can produce biased results if the genetic variant defining an instrumental variable (IV) is confounded and/or has a horizontal pleiotropic effect on the outcome of interest not mediated by the treatment variable. We provide novel identification conditions for the causal effect of a treatment in the presence of unmeasured confounding by leveraging a possibly invalid IV for which both the IV independence and exclusion restriction assumptions may be violated. The proposed Mendelian randomization mixed-scale treatment effect robust identification (MR MiSTERI) approach relies on (i) an assumption that the treatment effect does not vary with the possibly invalid IV on the additive scale; (ii) that the confounding bias does not vary with the possibly invalid IV on the odds ratio scale; and (iii) that the residual variance for the outcome is heteroskedastic with respect to the possibly invalid IV. Although assumptions (i) and (ii) have, respectively, appeared in the IV literature, assumption (iii) has not; we formally establish that their conjunction can identify a causal effect even with an invalid IV. MR MiSTERI is shown to be particularly advantageous in the presence of pervasive heterogeneity of pleiotropic effects on the additive scale. We propose a simple and consistent three-stage estimator that can be used as a preliminary estimator to a carefully constructed efficient one-step-update estimator. In order to incorporate multiple, possibly correlated, and weak invalid IVs, a common challenge in MR studies, we develop a MAny Weak Invalid Instruments (MR MaWII MiSTERI) approach for strengthened identification and improved estimation accuracy. Both simulation studies and UK Biobank data analysis results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed methods.
Responses of the public towards the government in times of crisis
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Mari Silvia , Oklevik Ove , Xie Chunyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe experimentally investigate how and when the public responds to government actions during times of crisis. Public reactions are shown to follow different processes, depending on whether government performs in exemplary or unsatisfactory ways to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The ‘how’ question is addressed by proposing that negative moral emotions mediate public reactions to bad government actions, and positive moral emotions mediate reactions to good government actions. Tests of mediation are conducted while taking into account attitudes and trust in the government as rival hypotheses. The ‘when’ question is studied by examining self‐regulatory moderators governing the experience of moral emotions and their effects. These include conspiracy beliefs, political ideology, attachment coping styles and collective values. A total of 357 citizens of a representative sample of adult Norwegians were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, where complaining, putting pressure on the government and compliance to Covid‐19 policies were dependent variables. The findings show that negative moral emotions mediate the effects of government doing badly on complaining and pressuring the government, with conspiracy beliefs moderating the experience of negative moral emotions and attachment coping moderating the effects of negative moral emotions. The results also show that positive moral emotions mediate the effects of government doing well on compliance with COVID‐19 regulations, with political ideology moderating the experience of positive moral emotions and collective values moderating the effects of positive moral emotions.
Novel parameter for cancer chemosensitivity to fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Kitano Shoichi , Yamamoto Takehito , Taketo Makoto Mark 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors (FGFRi) were introduced into clinical trials on several cancer types and found to be particularly efficacious on urothelial cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Although many enrolled patients responded well in clinical trials, there were some patients who did not respond to FGFRi even though their tumors carried the genomic changes that met the enrollment criteria. As already established, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) share the downstream signaling pathway of MAPK activation. Accordingly, it is conceivable that targeted inhibition of FGFR alone could leave the MAPK signaling unaffected when the signaling through EGFR is relatively strong. To test this hypothesis, we calculated here the FGFR to EGFR mRNA ratio (F/E for short) of biliary tract and urothelial cancer cell lines utilized in preclinical studies. In six biliary tract cancer cell lines, two responsive lines had an F/E of 9.5 and 9.0, whereas the F/E of four nonresponsive lines was 0.1–1.8. In 22 urothelial cancer cell lines, four of the five responsive lines showed an F/E of 2.8–4.9 (median, 3.6), whereas the F/E range of 17 nonresponsive lines was 0.01–2.7 (median, 0.6) (p = 0.004). We further investigated our 47 patient‐derived colorectal cancer‐stem cell spheroid lines. The 18 responsive lines showed relatively high F/E (median, 16.4), whereas 29 nonresponsive lines had low F/E (median, 9.2) (p = 0.0006). These results suggest that F/E is another strong predictor of responses to FGFRi that is as useful as the current genomic criteria based solely on the FGFR genomic changes.
Children's anxiety and parenting self‐efficacy during the COVID‐19‐related home confinement
Authors: Tatsiopoulou Paraskevi , Holeva Vasiliki , Nikopoulou Vasiliki‐ Aliki , Parlapani Eleni , Diakogiannis Ioannis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 crisis influenced the lives of families and preschoolers, worldwide. School closures and restriction measures introduced distance learning for preschoolers and remote working for parents. Social distancing narrowed opportunities to meet with peers and enjoy leisure activities. Additionally, social and mental services closures limited young children's accessibility to mental, speech and occupational health services. The aim of the current study was to investigate how home confinement during the third wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic affected parenting self‐efficacy and preschoolers' anxiety.MethodAn online survey based on a convenience sample took place on April 2021 to evaluate how home confinement to halt the third wave of COVID‐19 pandemic influenced children's anxiety and parenting self‐efficacy (PSE). Parents of 146 children (65 girls [44.5%] and 81 boys [55.5%]; aged 2–6 years old) were enrolled and completed a demographics form, the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and the Tool to Measure Parenting Self‐efficacy (TOPSE).ResultsMost of the participants reported that the relationship with their child was positively affected from staying at home. TOPSE mean scores reflected average parenting self‐efficacy. PSE was negatively correlated with children's anxiety. COVID‐19‐related variables ‘Parent's vaccine hesitancy’ and ‘Death of a loved one’ had a clear effect on preschoolers' anxiety, whereas the latter also on PSE.ConclusionFindings highlight the necessity of implementing public health strategies to strengthen families and support parents and their children during the ongoing health crisis.
Controlled mechanical early loads improve bone quality and quantity around implants: An in vivo experimental study
Authors: Suzue Masayoshi , Kuroshima Shinichiro , Uto Yusuke , Uchida Yusuke , Sawase Takashi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of early loads on bone quality and quantity around implants and to compare the effects of early loads on bone quality and quantity with the effects of conventional loads.Materials and MethodsGrade IV‐titanium implants with buttress threads were placed in rat maxillary bone 4 weeks after extraction of first molars. A controlled mechanical load (10 N, 3 Hz, 1800 cycles, 2 days/week) was started via the implants 1 and 3 weeks after implant placement for 2 weeks (early and conventional loads, respectively). Bone quality, defined as distribution of bone cells, types and orientation of collagen fibers, and production of semaphorin3A, its receptor neuropilin‐1, and sclerostin, were quantitatively evaluated.ResultsEarly loads substantially and positively affected bone quality by changing the preferential alignment of collagen fibers with increased production of type I and III collagens, semaphorin3A, and neuropilin‐1, increased osteoblast numbers, decreased production of sclerostin, and decreased osteoclast numbers both inside and outside the implant threads, when compared with non‐loaded conditions. Conventional loads changed bone quality around implants slightly. Interestingly, early loads had significantly stronger effects on bone quality and quantity based on the evaluation parameters than conventional loads.ConclusionsThis is the first report to provide scientific evidence for load initiation time based on both bone quality and quantity around implants. These new findings show that implants with buttress threads transmitted early loads optimally to bone tissue by improving bone quality and quantity inside and outside the implant threads.
Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis
Authors: MJ O’Grady , Turner Greg A. , A Sulit , Frizelle Frank A. , R Purcell 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe pathogenesis of acute diverticulitis (AD) remains incompletely understood, despite it being one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the colonic microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD.MethodA prospective case–control study was performed, comparing the microbiome of AD patients with that of controls, using 16S rRNA sequencing of rectal swab samples.ResultsThe microbiome of individuals with AD showed lower diversity than that of controls. There were significant compositional differences observed, with a lower abundance of commensal bacterial families and genera such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in AD patients compared with controls, and there was an increase in several genera with known pathogenic roles including Fusobacteria, Prevotella and Paraprevotella.ConclusionThis is the largest study to date to examine the microbiota of AD patients, and adds evidence to the proposed hypothesis that alterations in the colonic microbiome play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Comparing the effect of administering gelatin‐low dose albumin versus albumin on renal function in liver transplantation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tehran Samaneh Ghazanfar , Khosravi Mohammad Bagher , Sahmeddini Mohammad Ali , Eghbal Mohammad Hossein , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Khalili Fatemeh , Vatankhah Pooya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT) that is independently associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of administering gelatin‐low dose albumin versus albumin on renal function and other early outcomes in LT.MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 140 patients undergoing LT from brain death donors. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: albumin or modified gelatin with albumin. Blood samples were collected before (T0) and on the first (T1), second (T2), third (T3), fifth (T4), and last day of hospitalization (T5) after LT for the detection of laboratory parameters, including renal and liver function tests.ResultsThe incidence of AKT on the basis of RIFLE criteria was 31.42% in the gelatin group (R: 59.10%, I: 36.40%, and F: 4.50%) and 25.71% in the albumin group (R: 66.70%, I: 27.80%, and F: 5.50%) (p = .845). Two patients in the gelatin and one in the albumin groups required renal replacement therapy (RRT). There was no significant difference between groups when the trends of changes in renal and liver function parameters were assessed during the study period (T0–T5). Furthermore, the incidence of complications was similar across groups.ConclusionThis study showed that modified gelatin could be used without inappropriate outcomes on renal function in patients with normal preoperative kidney function tests undergoing LT.
Asmara's architectural heritage as a bricolage: The case of St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral
Authors: Kordonouri Thomais , Teame Biniam , Denison Edward 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAsmara's modernist heritage, adjudged by UNESCO to possess “outstanding value to humanity”, combines the architectural practices of locals and former “colonizers”, and embodies Eritrea's modernist encounters. In 2017 Asmara was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List under Criteria 2 and 4 and remains Africa's only explicitly modernist site. Employing the concept of bricolage to examine some of Asmara's most notable buildings, this paper questions UNESCO's rejection of Eritrea's claim to Criterion 3, which was intended to acknowledge the essential contribution of indigenous labour and cultural traditions in the creation and articulation of modernism in Asmara. The work focusses on the pre‐eminent example of St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, a building with deep symbolic meaning and material and constructional histories of both Eritrean and Italian architecture. Finally, its bricolages contributed significantly to the production of a unique modernist language that defines Asmara's claims to modernism, a modernism not of Europe, but of Africa.
Learning from Steinkopf
Authors: Murray Noëleen , Josephy Svea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the deliberations around the future of modernist architecture in the Modern Heritage of Africa (MoHoA) initiative. As creative practitioners and academics, our work has focused on considerations of architecture and urbanism, variously designing, theorizing, and photographing cities and structures. Our work is very much a critique of architectural photography, an approach to visualizing and thinking about cities that is analytical. Our collaborative work is set in dialogue with conventional forms of architectural scholarship and photography. For 12 years we have been working to examine the questions of ‘apartheid's modernities’. Our current project is to document architect Roelof S. Uytenbogaardt's buildings. Uytenbogaardt died in the late 1990s. His papers are lodged at UCT Libraries' Department of Manuscripts and Archives. We have been collecting and constructing our own archive and have recorded a large percentage of Uytenbogaardt's public buildings, projects and sites in South Africa.
Co‐Curating the Cape Town Document on Modern Heritage
Authors: Vawda Shahid , Denison Edward 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Modern Heritage of Africa [MoHoA] programme was set up to support an equitable and sustainable heritage agenda in Africa and beyond through the research, protection, utilisation, reinterpretation and reconceptualisation of modern heritage and to contribute to improving the implementation of the World Heritage Convention across the African continent and in other areas of under‐representation and historical marginalisation. It was conceptualised as a two phased process with first phase intended to interrogate the experiences of Africa and Africans to understand why the continent, its peoples and its cultures are under‐represented on global, regional, and even local registers of modern heritage, and to assess the threats posed to this heritage by impending planetary crises. The authors present the four goals of the first phase, the process that led to development of The Cape Town Document, and the 2021 Cape Town Document on Modern Heritage.
Myocardial injury in stress echocardiography: Comparison of dobutamine, dipyridamole and dynamic stressors–single center study
Authors: Medilek Karel , Zaloudkova Lenka , Borg Alexander , Brozova Lucie , Stasek Josef 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn stress echocardiography (SE), dipyridamole (DIP) and dynamic stress (ExSE) are reported as being safer than dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). We investigated whether these commonly used stressors cause myocardial injury, measured by high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT).MethodsOne hundred and thirty five patients (DSE n = 46, ExsE n = 46, DIP n = 43) with negative result of SE were studied. The exclusion criteria were known ischaemic heart disease (IHD), baseline wall motion abnormalities, left ventricle systolic dysfunction/regional wall motion abnormalities, septum/posterior wall ≥13 mm, diabetes/pre‐diabetes, baseline hsTnT level ≥14 ng/L, baseline blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg, peak pulmonary pressure ≥45mmHg, eGFR <1ml/s/1.73m2, more than mild to moderate valvular disease and dobutamine side effects. HsTnT was measured before and 180 minutes after the test.ResultsAll patients had low pre‐test probabilities of having obstructive IHD. HsTnT increased in DSE, less so in ExSE, and was unchanged in the DIP group (∆hsTnT 9.4 [1.5–58.6], 1.1 [‐0.9–15.7], ‐0.1 [‐1.4–2.1] ng/L, respectively, p<0.001). In DSE, the ∆hsTnT was associated with peak dobutamine dose (r = 0.30, p = 0.045), test length (r = 0.43, p = 0.003) and atropine use (p<0.001). In ExSE, the hsTnT increase was more likely in females (p = 0.012) and the elderly (>65 years) (r = 0.32, p = 0.03); no association was found between atropine use (p = 0.786) or test length and ∆hsTnT (r = 0.10, p = 0.530).ConclusionsDSE is associated with myocardial injury in patients with negative SE, no injury was observed in DIP and only mild case in ExSE. Whether myocardial injury is causative of the higher reported adverse event rates in DSE remains to be determined.
Extractive summarization using concept‐space and keyword phrase
Authors: Bedi Parminder Pal Singh , Bala Manju , Sharma Kapil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPROBLEMText summarization is widely used to extract relevant information from documents. The extensive unstructured data are generated in various domains, developing a concise and coherent form of information has become an inevitable and assertive problem among the research community. Automatic text summarization plays a crucial role in acquiring potent knowledge effectively and efficiently for each domain of information. Medical data contains crucial information regarding human diseases and their symptoms. The proposed method will benefit the research community and health experts as it saves a lot of time and resources to compute the patients' summary during diagnosis.APPROACHIn this research, an unsupervised approach is proposed for extractive summarization, based on semantic similarity and keyword‐phrase extraction. Merging Concept Map and the RAKE method, a generic summary is computed based on threshold values. Both single‐document and multi‐document summarization can be accomplished with the approach.RESULTSTo evaluate the proposed unsupervised approach, various biomedical transcripts of neuro‐science, general medicine, gastroenterology, orthopaedic and radiology domain are used. MT Sample Dataset is used to collect 1040 different transcripts. Using the proposed approach, an average ROUGE score of 0.77 for single‐document summarization; however, for generic summary, an average ROUGE is 0.72. The proposed technique is validated for the previous corpus of BioMed articles, and results are better with state‐of‐the‐art techniques.