bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review for an Efficient Charge Transfer in Single Atomic Site Catalyst/Organic Polymers toward Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Nguyen Duc‐Trung , Do Trong‐On 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSingle atomic site catalyst/organic polymers hybrid photocatalyst has been demonstrated as a potential material for photocatalytic CO2 reduction that can solve both environmental and energy issues simultaneously. The charge migration and transfer between organic polymers and single atomic site catalysts are attributed to the high performance of the hybrid material. In this review, two typical charge transfers between the single atomic site catalyst and organic polymer‐based semiconductor, namely intermolecular electron transfer and intramolecular electron transfer, are discussed. Typical single‐atomic site catalysts, organic polymers, and methods are first reviewed for the fabrication of hybrid systems. Why intramolecular electron transfer between the single atomic site catalyst and organic polymers exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than intermolecular electron transfer is also discussed. Finally, the critical challenges in fabricating these hybrid photocatalysts toward an efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction are highlighted, and propose solutions to these challenges.
Highly Dynamic Bistable Soft Actuator for Reconfigurable Multimodal Soft Robots
Authors: Patel Dinesh K. , Huang Xiaonan , Luo Yichi , Mungekar Mrunmayi , Jawed M. Khalid , Yao Lining , Majidi Carmel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMatching the rich multimodality of natural organisms, i.e., the ability to transition between crawling and swimming, walking and jumping, etc., represents a grand challenge in the fields of soft and bio‐inspired robotics. Here, a multimodal soft robot locomotion using highly compact and dynamic bistable soft actuators is achieved. These actuators are composed of a prestretched membrane sandwiched between two 3D printed frames with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) coils. The actuator can swiftly transform between two oppositely curved states and generate a force of 0.3 N through a snap‐through instability that is triggered after 0.2 s of electrical activation with an input power of 21.1 ± 0.32 W (i.e., electrical energy input of 4.22 ± 0.06 J. The consistency and robustness of the snap‐through actuator response is experimentally validated through cyclical testing (580 cycles). The compact and fast‐responding properties of the soft bistable actuator allow it to be used as an artificial muscle for shape‐reconfigurable soft robots capable of multiple modes of SMA‐powered locomotion. This is demonstrated by creating three soft robots, including a reconfigurable amphibious robot that can walk on land and swim in water, a jumping robot (multimodal crawler) that can crawl and jump, and a caterpillar‐inspired rolling robot that can crawl and roll.
Printed Hybrid Upconversion/Perovskite Nanoparticle Cluster and Its Individual Photoluminescence Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Xing Xing , Zhao Hongxia , Jiang Jing , Liu Ying , Lu Zhenda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA versatile strategy to print hybrid upconversion/perovskite nanoparticle clusters based on nanoxerography has been developed. The individual hybrid cluster can be tuned by different upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), perovskite quantum dots (QDs), and their combinations to visualize multicolor. Based on the precise positioning of the array system, the structural and optical properties of each cluster in the array can be in situ and simultaneously characterized. This approach provides a straightforward and robust platform for high‐throughput preparation and characterization of the hybrid clusters, and the ability to position functional nanoparticles at a desired area with nanoscale accuracy exhibits great potential in fabricating advanced nanodevices.
Fractional‐Order Localized Spoof Surface Plasmons for In‐Phase or Out‐of‐Phase Power Division
Authors: Li Si‐Qi , Li Fan‐Hong , Zhu Yu , Du Chao‐Hai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLocalized spoof surface plasmons (LSSPs) are extensively used to develop various functional components due to their excellent characteristics of subwavelength confinement and concomitant near‐field enhancement. In this paper, a rat‐race coupler based on fractional‐order LSSPs is proposed to achieve in‐phase or out‐of‐phase power division. It is a four‐port passive component with the advantage of miniaturization. In simulation and experiment, the feasibility of the rat‐race coupler is demonstrated and the existence of the rare fractional‐order LSSPs modes is conformed. More interestingly, a general design method is suggested, based on which arbitrary fractional‐order LSSPs modes can be constructed by skillfully tailoring the electrical lengths between ports. This paper expands the applications of the LSSPs and enriches the topological properties of the LSSPs.
Structural and Chemical Evolutions of Li/Electrolyte Interfaces in Li‐Metal Batteries: Tracing Compositional Changes of Electrolytes under Practical Conditions
Authors: Jo Youngseong , Jin Dahee , Lim Minhong , Lee Hyuntae , An Hyeongguk , Seo Jiyeon , Kim Gunyoung , Ren Xiaodi , Lee Yong Min , Lee Hongkyung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the promises in high‐energy‐density batteries, Li‐metal anodes (LMAs) have suffered from extensive electrolyte decomposition and unlimited volume expansion owing to thick, porous layer buildup during cycling. It mainly originates from a ceaseless reiteration of the formation and collapse of solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). This study reveals the structural and chemical evolutions of the reacted Li layer after different cycles and investigates its detrimental effects on the cycling stability under practical conditions. Instead of the immediately deactivated top surface of the reacted Li layer, the chemical nature underneath the reacted Li layer can be an important indicator of the electrolyte compositional changes. It is found that cycling of LMAs with a lean electrolyte (≈3 g Ah−1) causes fast depletion of salt anions, leading to the dynamic evolution of the reacted Li layer structure and composition. Increasing the salt‐solvent complex while reducing the non‐solvating diluent retards the rate of depletion in a localized high‐concentration electrolyte, thereby demonstrating prolonged cycling of Li||NMC622 cells without compromising the Li Coulombic efficiencies and high‐voltage stability.
Nitrogen mitigation scenarios to reduce coastal eutrophication
Authors: Malik Wafa , Oehler François , Sgro Lea , Durand Patrick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMacroalgal blooms in coastal areas, which pose unique risks to the environment, citizens, stakeholders, and the economy, mainly are due to nitrate pollution in rivers. The Saint‐Brieuc Bay has some of the largest algal blooms in Brittany (western France). It is fed by three catchments—Gouessant (420 km2), Gouet (256 km2), and Anse d'Yffiniac (130 km2)—characterized by an oceanic climate and mixed‐farming systems with high livestock density. The main objective of this study was to assess the ability of nitrogen (N) mitigation scenarios to reduce N emissions to coastal water using the spatially distributed agrohydrological model TNT2. Once TNT2 was calibrated and validated for the catchments, scenarios were simulated for them from 2008 through 2035: (a) reference (REF) scenario, (b) agricultural management practices (AMP) scenario (i.e., changes to mineral and organic N fertilization, catch crops, and crop rotations), (c) increasing percentages of agricultural land conversion (ALC) into unmanaged grassland from downhill to uphill, and (d) scenarios that combined AMP and ALC. Results showed that the AMP scenario could reduce N load in the bay by 31% vs. the REF scenario. The ALC scenario was much more effective when located downhill, with >50% of maximum effectiveness achieved with 10% of agricultural land converted. These results varied strongly among catchments. Because reducing coastal eutrophication requires a drastic decrease in N loads, we recommend combining AMP and ALC scenarios to achieve good environmental status. The study illustrates the TNT2 model's ability to simulate complex scenarios and guide mitigation policy.
Yield estimation of summer maize based on multi‐source remote‐sensing data
Authors: Wang Jingshu , He Peng , Liu Zhengchu , Jing Yaodong , Bi Rutian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAccurately estimating regional‐scale crop yields is substantial in determining current agricultural production performance and effective agricultural land management. The Yuncheng Basin is an important grain‐producing area in the Shanxi Province. This paper used Sentinel 2A with a spatial resolution of 10 m and MODIS with a temporal resolution of 1 d in 2020. The spatial and temporal nonlocal filter‐based fusion model (STNLFFM) was used to obtain fused data with a spatial resolution of 10 m and a temporal resolution of 1 d, combined with the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) and light‐use efficiency model to achieve summer maize (Zea mays L.) yield estimation. The results showed that the fused normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) could inherit the spatial Sentinel‐2A NDVI details and express the spatial differences between smaller features more effectively. The STNLFFM NDVI curve was consistent with the actual summer maize growth condition, which accurately reflects the NDVI trend and local abrupt change information during the summer maize growth period. Moreover, the fused NDVI was influenced by topographic differences and artificial irrigation factors, whereas the summer maize yield in mountainous and plateau areas of the Yuncheng Basin was <5,000 kg ha−1 and those in the alluvial plain of the Sushui River reached 8,000 kg ha−1. The accuracy of the yield estimation model constructed based on STNLFFM NDVI (mean absolute percentage error [MAPE] = 5.47%, −13.74% ≤ relative error [RE] ≤0.12%) was significantly higher than that of the model based on MODIS NDVI (MAPE = 15.65%, −19.67% ≤ RE ≤ 20.88%), indicating that the use of spatio‐temporal fusion technology can effectively improve the summer maize yield estimation accuracy.
The impact of C‐reactive protein‐albumin‐lymphocyte (CALLY) index on the prognosis of patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Tsunematsu Masashi , Haruki Koichiro , Taniai Tomohiko , Tanji Yoshiaki , Shirai Yoshihiro , Furukawa Kenei , Uwagawa Tadashi , Onda Shinji , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Usuba Teruyuki , Nakabayashi Yukio , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Ikegami Toru 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe C‐reactive protein (CRP)‐albumin‐lymphocyte (CALLY) index is a novel inflammation‐based biomarker, which has been associated with long‐term outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to investigate whether the CALLY index can predict the prognosis for distal cholangiocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsThe study comprised 143 patients who had undergone primary pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma between 2002 to 2019. The CALLY index was defined as (albumin × lymphocyte)/ (CRP × 104). We investigated the association of CALLY index with disease‐free survival and overall survival by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsEighty‐seven (61%) patients had a preoperative CALLY index <3.5. In multivariate analysis, obstructive jaundice drainage (P < .01), poorly differentiated tumor (P < .01), and CALLY index<3.5 (P = .02) were independent predictors of disease‐free survival, while obstructive jaundice drainage (P < .01), poorly differentiated tumor (P < .01), and CALLY index <3.5 (P = .02) were independent predictors of overall survival.ConclusionThe CALLY index may be an independent and significant indicator of poor long‐term outcomes in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy, suggesting the importance of comprehensive assessment for inflammatory status.
Kristalline Anionen auf Basis klassischer N‐Heterocyclischer Carbene
Authors: Merschel Arne , Rottschäfer Dennis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ringenberg Mark , van Gastel Maurice , Demirer T. Ilgin , Andrada Diego M. , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDie ersten stabilen Anionen K[SIPrBp] (4 a‐K) und K[IPrBp] (4 b‐K) (SIPrBp=BpC{N(Dipp)CH2}2, IPrBp=BpC{N(Dipp)CH}2; Bp=4‐PhC6H4; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3), die von klassischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen (NHCs) abgeleitet sind (d. h. SIPr und IPr), wurden als violette kristalline Feststoffe isoliert.4 a‐Kund4 b‐Kwurden durch die Reduktion der neutralen Radikale [SIPrBp] (3 a) bzw. [IPrBp] (3 b) mit KC8hergestellt. Die Radikale3 aund3 bsowie [Me‐IPrBp] (3 c) (Me−IPrBp=BpC{N(Dipp)CMe}2) liegen als kristalline Feststoffe vor, wenn die entsprechenden 1,3‐Imidazoli(ni)umbromide (SIPrBp)Br (2 a), (IPrBp)Br (2 b) und (Me‐IPrBp)Br (2 c) mit KC8umgesetzt werden. Die Cyclovoltammogramme von2 a–2 czeigen zwei reversible Ein‐Elektronen‐Redoxprozesse im Bereich von −0.5 bis −2.5 V, die den Radikalen3 a–3 cund den Anionen (4 a–4 c)−entsprechen. Quantenchemische Berechnungen deuten auf einen geschlossenschaligen Singulett‐Grundzustand für (4 a–4 c)−mit einer Singulett‐Triplett‐Energielücke von 17–24 kcal mol−1hin.
Manoeuvring the physicochemical and nutritional properties of vegetable oils through blending
Authors: Sharma Kanika , Kumar Manoj , Lorenzo Jose M. , Guleria Sanjay , Saxena Sujata 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModification of vegetable oils is carried out to make them suitable according to their specific end use as most of the vegetable oils in original forms do not meet the recommended dietary allowance of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Vegetable oils are modified using a variety of techniques including hydrogenation, interesterification, fractionation, and blending. However, blending is the most widely accepted method for improving the physicochemical properties, nutritive value and oxidative stability of vegetable oils because it is simple, cost‐effective, non‐destructive, and does not involve chemical treatments. Blending vegetable oils with contrasting fatty acid compositions or blending omega 3 fatty acids and antioxidants rich minor oils with major oils are two common strategies to formulate blends. Blended oil with balanced fatty acids could play substantial role in improving the consumers' health. However, while designing vegetable oil blends, it is important to keep in mind the intended application of the formulated blend, consumer's demands and also food laws. This review paper covers the literature related to blending of vegetable oils with a focus on effect of vegetable oils blending on their physicochemical and nutritional properties, health benefits and utility in food industries.
The effect of inorganic particles on the breakdown strength and mechanical properties ofEVA‐based composites
Authors: Sena Adriane , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEthylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer was melt‐blended with different inorganic particles, such as alumina trihydrate (ATH), montmorillonite‐based organoclay (CLO15A) and organophilic silica (R202) to produce (nano)composites with outstanding electrical breakdown strength. The composites loaded with different amount of particles were characterized by dielectric, rheological, morphological and mechanical properties. The addition of the particles resulted in an increase of electrical breakdown strength, whose results depend on the nature and amount of filler. The addition of 1%–5% of ATH resulted in an increase of 50% of this property. Similar results were observed for the composites loaded with 7% of CLO15A and R202. All composites displayed low values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss, which is interesting for insulator applications. The presence of the filler did not exert great influence on the rheological properties of the composites, thus keeping the good processability of EVA matrix. Finally, the composites containing the organoclay presented the best mechanical response.
Redox Reaction in Ti−Mn Redox Flow Battery Studied by X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Asakura Daisuke , Hosono Eiji , Kitamura Miho , Horiba Koji , Magome Eisuke , Setoyama Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Eiichi , Yuzawa Hayato , Ohigashi Takuji , Sakai Takaaki , Kanega Ryoichi , Funaki Takashi , Sato Yukari , Ohira Akihiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe performed X‐ray absorption studies for the electrolytes of a Ti−Mn redox flow battery (RFB) to understand the redox reaction of the Ti/Mn ions and formation of precipitates in charged catholyte, because suppression of the disproportionation reaction is a key to improve the cyclability of Ti−Mn RFB and enhance the energy density. Hard X‐ray absorption spectroscopy with a high transmittance and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to directly observe the 3d orbitals were complementarily employed. Moreover, the Ti/Mn 3d electronic structure for each precipitate and solution in the charged catholyte was investigated by using scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy: the valence of Mn in the precipitate is mostly attributed to 4+, and the solution includes only Mn2+. This charge disproportionation reaction should occur after the Mn ions in the catholyte should be oxidized from Mn2+ to Mn3+ by charge.
Bose–Einstein condensation of magnetized charged scalar bosons revisited
Authors: Quintero Angulo Gretel , Pérez Martínez Aurora , Pérez Rojas Hugo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe study the effects of a uniform and constant magnetic field on the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of relativistic charged scalar bosons. The condensation of magnetized charged bosons is usually discussed in the weak or strong field regimes separately, and in each case, the properties predicted for the condensate are different. Here, we develop a low‐temperature analysis suitable for any field that allows us to observe how the gas behaves for intermediate values of the magnetic field. We find that BEC may occur at finite magnetic fields, despite the gas becoming effectively one‐dimensional due to Landau quantization of the momentum perpendicular to the magnetic axis.
Formation Process of Na3SbS4 Solid Electrolyte via a Liquid‐Phase Reaction Using Acetonitrile
Authors: Guo Yayu , Shi Xixi , Ma Yue , Song Dawei , Zhang Hongzhou , Li Chunliang , Zhang Lianqi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntimony‐based sulfide solid electrolyte Na3SbS4 with good moisture stability is attractive for practical application in all‐solid‐state sodium batteries. Liquid‐phase reaction is a facile and widely‐used strategy, but the specific reactions in synthetic process and related mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, the reaction processes of synthesizing Na3SbS4 by liquid‐phase reaction of Na2S, Sb2S3 and S in acetonitrile (ACN) are extensively investigated. A colorless supernatant and dark green precipitate are obtained after reacting for 24 h, the raw materials are negligible in supernatant. More importantly, the post‐treatment temperature is investigated and the tetragonal Na3SbS4 (t‐Na3SbS4) with high ionic conductivity (0.46 mS cm−1 at 25 °C) is obtained after heating at 450 °C for 3 h. Remarkably, the direct stacking of electrolyte is developed and t‐Na3SbS4 is further prepared into a free‐standing sheet‐type solid electrolyte membrane using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibrillation, then an ionic conductivity is achieved (0.17 mS cm−1 at 25 °C).
Auricular surface morphology and surface area does not influence subchondral bone density distribution in the dysfunctional sacroiliac joint
Authors: Poilliot Amélie , Hammer Niels , Toranelli Mireille , Gay Max Hans‐Peter , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe subchondral lamella of the sacroiliac auricular surface is morphologically inconsistent. Its morpho‐mechanical relationship with dysfunction (SIJD) remains unstudied. Here, the iliac and sacral subchondral bone mineralization is compared between morphological subtypes and in large and small surfaces, in SIJD joints and controls. CT datasets from 29 patients with bilateral or unilateral SIJD were subjected to CT‐osteoabsorptiometry. Surface areas and posterior angles were calculated and surfaces were classified by size: small (<15 cm3) and large (≥15 cm3), and morphological types: 1 (>160°), 2 (130°–160°), and 3 (<130°). Mineralization patterns were identified: two marginal (M1 and M2) and two non‐marginal (N1 and N2). Each sacral and iliac surface was subsequently classified. Dysfunctional cohort area averaged 15.0 ± 2.4 cm2 (males 16.2 ± 2.5 cm2, females 13.7 ± 1.6 cm2). No age correlations with surface area were found nor mean Hounsfield Unit differences when comparing sizes, sexes or morphology‐type. Controls and dysfunctional cohort comparison revealed differences in female sacra (p = 0.02) and small sacra (p = 0.03). There was low‐conformity in marginal and non‐marginal patterns, 26% for contralateral non‐dysfunctional joints, and 46% for dysfunctional joints. The majority of painful joints was of type 2 morphology (59%), equally distributed between small (49%) and large joints (51%). Larger joints had the highest frequency of dysfunctional joints (72%). Auricular surface morphology seems to have little impact on pain‐related subchondral lamella adaptation in SIJD. Larger joints may be predisposed to the onset of pain due to the weakening of the extracapsular structures. Dysfunctional joints reflect common conformity patterns of sacral‐apex mineralization with corresponding superior corner iliac mineralization.
Cancer situation in China: what does the China cancer map indicate from the first national death survey to the latest cancer registration?
Authors: Feng Ruimei , Su Qingling , Huang Xiaoyin , Basnet Til , Xu Xin , Ye Weimin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOver the past four decades, the Chinese government has conducted three surveys on the distribution of causes of death and built cancer registration. In order to shine a new light on better cancer prevention strategies in China, we evaluated the profile of cancer mortality over the forty years and analyzed the policies that have been implemented.MethodsWe described spatial and temporal changes in both cancer mortality and the ranking of major cancer types in China based on the data collected from three national surveys during 1973‐1975, 1990‐1992, 2004‐2005, and the latest cancer registration data published by National Central Cancer Registry of China. The mortality data were compared after conversion to age‐standardized mortality rates based on the world standard population (Segi's population). The geographical distribution characteristics were explored by marking hot spots of different cancers on the map of China.ResultsFrom 1973 to 2016, China witnessed an evident decrease in mortality rate of stomach, esophageal, and cervical cancer, while a gradual increase was recorded in lung, colorectal, and female breast cancer. A slight decrease of mortality rate has been observed in liver cancer since 2004. Lung and liver cancer, however, have become the top two leading causes of cancer death for the last twenty years. From the three national surveys, similar profiles of leading causes of cancer death were observed among both urban and rural areas. Lower mortality rates from esophageal and stomach cancer, however, have been demonstrated in urban than in rural areas. Rural areas had similar mortality rates of the five leading causes of cancer death with the small urban areas in 1973‐1975. Additionally, rural areas in 2016 also had approximate mortality rates of the five leading causes with urban areas in 2004‐2005. Moreover, stomach, esophageal, and liver cancer showed specific geographical distributions. Although mortality rates have decreased at most of the hotspots of these cancers, they were still higher than the national average levels during the same time periods.ConclusionsBuilding up a strong primary public health system especially among rural areas may be one critical step to reduce cancer burden in China.