bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bird populations most exposed to climate change are less sensitive to climatic variation
Authors: Bailey Liam D. , van de Pol Martijn , Adriaensen Frank , Arct Aneta , Barba Emilio , Bellamy Paul E. , Bonamour Suzanne , Bouvier Jean-Charles , Burgess Malcolm D. , Charmantier Anne , Cusimano Camillo , Doligez Blandine , Drobniak Szymon M. , Dubiec Anna , Eens Marcel , Eeva Tapio , Ferns Peter N. , Goodenough Anne E. , Hartley Ian R. , Hinsley Shelley A. , Ivankina Elena , Juškaitis Rimvydas , Kempenaers Bart , Kerimov Anvar B. , Lavigne Claire , Leivits Agu , Mainwaring Mark C. , Matthysen Erik , Nilsson Jan-Åke , Orell Markku , Rytkönen Seppo , Senar Juan Carlos , Sheldon Ben C. , Sorace Alberto , Stenning Martyn J. , Török János , van Oers Kees , Vatka Emma , Vriend Stefan J. G. , Visser Marcel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe phenology of many species shows strong sensitivity to climate change; however, with few large scale intra-specific studies it is unclear how such sensitivity varies over a species’ range. We document large intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity to temperature using laying date information from 67 populations of two co-familial European songbirds, the great tit (Parus major) and blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), covering a large part of their breeding range. Populations inhabiting deciduous habitats showed stronger phenological sensitivity than those in evergreen and mixed habitats. However, populations with higher sensitivity tended to have experienced less rapid change in climate over the past decades, such that populations with high phenological sensitivity will not necessarily exhibit the strongest phenological advancement. Our results show that to effectively assess the impact of climate change on phenology across a species’ range it will be necessary to account for intra-specific variation in phenological sensitivity, climate change exposure, and the ecological characteristics of a population.
Distinct resistance mechanisms arise to allosteric vs. ATP-competitive AKT inhibitors
Authors: Savill Kristin M. Zimmerman , Lee Brian B. , Oeh Jason , Lin Jie , Lin Eva , Chung Wei-Jen , Young Amy , Chen Wennie , Miś Monika , Mesh Kathryn , Eastham Jeffrey , Gnad Florian , Jiang Zhaoshi , Stawiski Eric W. , Haley Benjamin , Daemen Anneleen , Wang Xiaojing , Koeppen Hartmut , Modrusan Zora , Martin Scott E. , Sampath Deepak , Lin Kui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe AKT kinases have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in oncology and both allosteric and ATP-competitive AKT inhibitors have entered clinical investigation. However, long-term efficacy of such inhibitors will likely be challenged by the development of resistance. We have established prostate cancer models of acquired resistance to the allosteric inhibitor MK-2206 or the ATP-competitive inhibitor ipatasertib following prolonged exposure. While alterations in AKT are associated with acquired resistance to MK-2206, ipatasertib resistance is driven by rewired compensatory activity of parallel signaling pathways. Importantly, MK-2206 resistance can be overcome by treatment with ipatasertib, while ipatasertib resistance can be reversed by co-treatment with inhibitors of pathways including PIM signaling. These findings demonstrate that distinct resistance mechanisms arise to the two classes of AKT inhibitors and that combination approaches may reverse resistance to ATP-competitive inhibition.
Widespread and increased drilling of wells into fossil aquifers in the USA
Authors: GebreEgziabher Merhawi , Jasechko Scott , Perrone Debra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost stored groundwater is ‘fossil’ in its age, having been under the ground for more than ~12 thousand years. Mapping where wells tap fossil aquifers is relevant for water quality and quantity management. Nevertheless, the prevalence of wells that tap fossil aquifers is not known. Here we show that wells that are sufficiently deep to tap fossil aquifers are widespread, though they remain outnumbered by shallower wells in most areas. Moreover, the proportion of newly drilled wells that are deep enough to tap fossil aquifers has increased over recent decades. However, this widespread and increased drilling of wells into fossil aquifers is not necessarily associated with groundwater depletion, emphasizing that the presence of fossil groundwater does not necessarily indicate a non-renewable water supply. Our results highlight the importance of safeguarding fossil groundwater quality and quantity to meet present and future water demands.
An anti-influenza A virus microbial metabolite acts by degrading viral endonuclease PA
Authors: Zhao Jianyuan , Wang Jing , Pang Xu , Liu Zhenlong , Li Quanjie , Yi Dongrong , Zhang Yongxin , Fang Xiaomei , Zhang Tao , Zhou Rui , Zhang Tao , Guo Zhe , Liu Wancang , Li Xiaoyu , Liang Chen , Deng Tao , Guo Fei , Yu Liyan , Cen Shan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe emergence of new highly pathogenic and drug-resistant influenza strains urges the development of novel therapeutics for influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we report the discovery of an anti-IAV microbial metabolite called APL-16-5 that was originally isolated from the plant endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. CPCC 400735. APL-16-5 binds to both the E3 ligase TRIM25 and IAV polymerase subunit PA, leading to TRIM25 ubiquitination of PA and subsequent degradation of PA in the proteasome. This mode of action conforms to that of a proteolysis targeting chimera which employs the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome machinery to chemically induce the degradation of target proteins. Importantly, APL-16-5 potently inhibits IAV and protects mice from lethal IAV infection. Therefore, we have identified a natural microbial metabolite with potent in vivo anti-IAV activity and the potential of becoming a new IAV therapeutic. The antiviral mechanism of APL-16-5 opens the possibility of improving its anti-IAV potency and specificity by adjusting its affinity for TRIM25 and viral PA protein through medicinal chemistry.
Connecting high-resolution 3D chromatin organization with epigenomics
Authors: Feng Fan , Yao Yuan , Wang Xue Qing David , Zhang Xiaotian , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe resolution of chromatin conformation capture technologies keeps increasing, and the recent nucleosome resolution chromatin contact maps allow us to explore how fine-scale 3D chromatin organization is related to epigenomic states in human cells. Using publicly available Micro-C datasets, we develop a deep learning model, CAESAR, to learn a mapping function from epigenomic features to 3D chromatin organization. The model accurately predicts fine-scale structures, such as short-range chromatin loops and stripes, that Hi-C fails to detect. With existing epigenomic datasets from ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics Project, we successfully impute high-resolution 3D chromatin contact maps for 91 human tissues and cell lines. In the imputed high-resolution contact maps, we identify the spatial interactions between genes and their experimentally validated regulatory elements, demonstrating CAESAR’s potential in coupling transcriptional regulation with 3D chromatin organization at high resolution.
Methane emissions from US low production oil and natural gas well sites
Authors: Omara Mark , Zavala-Araiza Daniel , Lyon David R. , Hmiel Benjamin , Roberts Katherine A. , Hamburg Steven P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEighty percent of US oil and natural gas (O&G) production sites are low production well sites, with average site-level production ≤15 barrels of oil equivalent per day and producing only 6% of the nation’s O&G output in 2019. Here, we integrate national site-level O&G production data and previously reported site-level CH4measurement data (n = 240) and find that low production well sites are a disproportionately large source of US O&G well site CH4emissions, emitting more than 4 (95% confidence interval: 3—6) teragrams, 50% more than the total CH4emissions from the Permian Basin, one of the world’s largest O&G producing regions. We estimate low production well sites represent roughly half (37—75%) of all O&G well site CH4emissions, and a production-normalized CH4loss rate of more than 10%—a factor of 6—12 times higher than the mean CH4loss rate of 1.5% for all O&G well sites in the US. Our work suggests that achieving significant reductions in O&G CH4emissions will require mitigation of emissions from low production well sites.
Memristor-based analogue computing for brain-inspired sound localization with in situ training
Authors: Gao Bin , Zhou Ying , Zhang Qingtian , Zhang Shuanglin , Yao Peng , Xi Yue , Liu Qi , Zhao Meiran , Zhang Wenqiang , Liu Zhengwu , Li Xinyi , Tang Jianshi , Qian He , Wu Huaqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe human nervous system senses the physical world in an analogue but efficient way. As a crucial ability of the human brain, sound localization is a representative analogue computing task and often employed in virtual auditory systems. Different from well-demonstrated classification applications, all output neurons in localization tasks contribute to the predicted direction, introducing much higher challenges for hardware demonstration with memristor arrays. In this work, with the proposed multi-threshold-update scheme, we experimentally demonstrate the in-situ learning ability of the sound localization function in a 1K analogue memristor array. The experimental and evaluation results reveal that the scheme improves the training accuracy by ∼45.7% compared to the existing method and reduces the energy consumption by ∼184× relative to the previous work. This work represents a significant advance towards memristor-based auditory localization system with low energy consumption and high performance.
Topological phase singularities in atomically thin high-refractive-index materials
Authors: Ermolaev Georgy , Voronin Kirill , Baranov Denis G. , Kravets Vasyl , Tselikov Gleb , Stebunov Yury , Yakubovsky Dmitry , Novikov Sergey , Vyshnevyy Andrey , Mazitov Arslan , Kruglov Ivan , Zhukov Sergey , Romanov Roman , Markeev Andrey M. , Arsenin Aleksey , Novoselov Kostya S. , Grigorenko Alexander N. , Volkov Valentyn 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) present a promising platform for numerous photonic applications due to excitonic spectral features, possibility to tune their constants by external gating, doping, or light, and mechanical stability. Utilization of such materials for sensing or optical modulation purposes would require a clever optical design, as by itself the 2D materials can offer only a small optical phase delay – consequence of the atomic thickness. To address this issue, we combine films of 2D semiconductors which exhibit excitonic lines with the Fabry-Perot resonators of the standard commercial SiO2/Si substrate, in order to realize topological phase singularities in reflection. Around these singularities, reflection spectra demonstrate rapid phase changes while the structure behaves as a perfect absorber. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such topological phase singularities are ubiquitous for the entire class of atomically thin TMDCs and other high-refractive-index materials, making it a powerful tool for phase engineering in flat optics. As a practical demonstration, we employ PdSe2 topological phase singularities for a refractive index sensor and demonstrate its superior phase sensitivity compared to typical surface plasmon resonance sensors.
Human serum triggers antibiotic tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ledger Elizabeth V. K. , Mesnage Stéphane , Edwards Andrew M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus frequently causes infections that are challenging to treat, leading to high rates of persistent and relapsing infection. Here, to understand how the host environment influences treatment outcomes, we study the impact of human serum on staphylococcal antibiotic susceptibility. We show that serum triggers a high degree of tolerance to the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin and several other classes of antibiotic. Serum-induced daptomycin tolerance is due to two independent mechanisms. Firstly, the host defence peptide LL-37 induces tolerance by triggering the staphylococcal GraRS two-component system, leading to increased peptidoglycan accumulation. Secondly, GraRS-independent increases in membrane cardiolipin abundance are required for full tolerance. When both mechanisms are blocked, S. aureus incubated in serum is as susceptible to daptomycin as when grown in laboratory media. Our work demonstrates that host factors can significantly modulate antibiotic susceptibility via diverse mechanisms, and combination therapy may provide a way to mitigate this.
Full 2π tunable phase modulation using avoided crossing of resonances
Authors: Kim Ju Young , Park Juho , Holdman Gregory R. , Heiden Jacob T. , Kim Shinho , Brar Victor W. , Jang Min Seok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActive metasurfaces have been proposed as one attractive means of achieving high-resolution spatiotemporal control of optical wavefronts, having applications such as LIDAR and dynamic holography. However, achieving full, dynamic phase control has been elusive in metasurfaces. In this paper, we unveil an electrically tunable metasurface design strategy that operates near the avoided crossing of two resonances, one a spectrally narrow, over-coupled resonance and the other with a high resonance frequency tunability. This strategy displays an unprecedented upper limit of 4π range of dynamic phase modulation with no significant variations in optical amplitude, by enhancing the phase tunability through utilizing two coupled resonances. A proof-of-concept metasurface is justified analytically and verified numerically in an experimentally accessible platform using quasi-bound states in the continuum and graphene plasmon resonances, with results showing a 3π phase modulation capacity with a uniform reflection amplitude of ~0.65.
Room temperature all-solid-state lithium batteries based on a soluble organic cage ionic conductor
Authors: Li Jing , Qi Jizhen , Jin Feng , Zhang Fengrui , Zheng Lei , Tang Lingfei , Huang Rong , Xu Jingjing , Chen Hongwei , Liu Ming , Qiu Yejun , Cooper Andrew I. , Shen Yanbin , Chen Liwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAll solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) are poised to have higher energy density and better safety than current liquid-based Li-ion batteries, but a central requirement is effective ionic conduction pathways throughout the entire cell. Here we develop a catholyte based on an emerging class of porous materials, porous organic cages (POCs). A key feature of these Li+ conducting POCs is their solution-processibility. They can be dissolved in a cathode slurry, which allows the fabrication of solid-state cathodes using the conventional slurry coating method. These Li+ conducting cages recrystallize and grow on the surface of the cathode particles during the coating process and are therefore dispersed uniformly in the slurry-coated cathodes to form a highly effective ion-conducting network. This catholyte is shown to be compatible with cathode active materials such as LiFePO4, LiCoO2 and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, and results in SSLBs with decent electrochemical performance at room temperature.
Challenges and limits of mechanical stability in 3D direct laser writing
Authors: Sedghamiz Elaheh , Liu Modan , Wenzel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDirect laser writing is an effective technique for fabrication of complex 3D polymer networks using ultrashort laser pulses. Practically, it remains a challenge to design and fabricate high performance materials with different functions that possess a combination of high strength, substantial ductility, and tailored functionality, in particular for small feature sizes. To date, it is difficult to obtain a time-resolved microscopic picture of the printing process in operando. To close this gap, we herewith present a molecular dynamics simulation approach to model direct laser writing and investigate the effect of writing condition and aspect ratio on the mechanical properties of the printed polymer network. We show that writing conditions provide a possibility to tune the mechanical properties and an optimum writing condition can be applied to fabricate structures with improved mechanical properties. We reveal that beyond the writing parameters, aspect ratio plays an important role to tune the stiffness of the printed structures.
Engineering a passivating electric double layer for high performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Weili , Lu Yang , Wan Lei , Zhou Pan , Xia Yingchun , Yan Shuaishuai , Chen Xiaoxia , Zhou Hangyu , Dong Hao , Liu Kai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn electrochemical devices, such as batteries, traditional electric double layer (EDL) theory holds that cations in the cathode/electrolyte interface will be repelled during charging, leaving a large amount of free solvents. This promotes the continuous anodic decomposition of the electrolyte, leading to a limited operation voltage and cycle life of the devices. In this work, we design a new EDL structure with adaptive and passivating properties. It is enabled by adding functional anionic additives in the electrolyte, which can selectively bind with cations and free solvents, forming unique cation-rich and branch-chain like supramolecular polymer structures with high electrochemical stability in the EDL inner layer. Due to this design, the anodic decomposition of ether-based electrolytes is significantly suppressed in the high voltage cathodes and the battery shows outstanding performances such as super-fast charging/discharging and ultra-low temperature applications, which is extremely hard in conventional electrolyte design principle. This unconventional EDL structure breaks the inherent perception of the classical EDL rearrangement mechanism and greatly improve electrochemical performances of the device.
Argyrodite-type advanced lithium conductors and transport mechanisms beyond paddle-wheel effect
Authors: Fang Hong , Jena Puru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDevelopment of next-generation solid-state Li-ion batteries requires not only electrolytes with high room-temperature (RT) ionic conductivities but also a fundamental understanding of the ionic transport in solids. In spite of considerable work, only a few lithium conductors are known with the highest RT ionic conductivities ~ 0.01 S/cm and the lowest activation energies ~0.2 eV. New design strategy and novel ionic conduction mechanism are needed to expand the pool of high-performance lithium conductors as well as achieve even higher RT ionic conductivities. Here, we theoretically show that lithium conductors with RT ionic conductivity over 0.1 S/cm and low activation energies ~ 0.1 eV can be achieved by incorporating cluster-dynamics into an argyrodite structure. The extraordinary superionic metrics are supported by conduction mechanism characterized as a relay between local and long-range ionic diffusions, as well as correlational dynamics beyond the paddle-wheel effect.
Scalable production of ultrafine polyaniline fibres for tactile organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Fang Bo , Yan Jianmin , Chang Dan , Piao Jinli , Ma Kit Ming , Gu Qiao , Gao Ping , Chai Yang , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of continuous conducting polymer fibres is essential for applications ranging from advanced fibrous devices to frontier fabric electronics. The use of continuous conducting polymer fibres requires a small diameter to maximize their electroactive surface, microstructural orientation, and mechanical strength. However, regularly used wet spinning techniques have rarely achieved this goal due primarily to the insufficient slenderization of rapidly solidified conducting polymer molecules in poor solvents. Here we report a good solvent exchange strategy to wet spin the ultrafine polyaniline fibres. The slow diffusion between good solvents distinctly decreases the viscosity of protofibers, which undergo an impressive drawing ratio. The continuously collected polyaniline fibres have a previously unattained diameter below 5 µm, high energy and charge storage capacities, and favorable mechanical performance. We demonstrated an ultrathin all-solid organic electrochemical transistor based on ultrafine polyaniline fibres, which operated as a tactile sensor detecting pressure and friction forces at different levels.
Fast encirclement of an exceptional point for highly efficient and compact chiral mode converters
Authors: Shu Xiaoqian , Li Aodong , Hu Guangwei , Wang Jian , Alù Andrea , Chen Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies at which two or more eigenvalues and eigenstates of a physical system coalesce. Dynamically encircling EPs by varying the parameters of a non-Hermitian system enables chiral mode switching, that is, the final state of the system upon a closed loop in parameter space depends on the encircling handedness. In conventional schemes, the parametric evolution during the encircling process has to be sufficiently slow to ensure adiabaticity. Here, we show that fast parametric evolution along the parameter space boundary of the system Hamiltonian can relax this constraint. The proposed scheme enables highly efficient transmission and more compact footprint for asymmetric mode converters. We experimentally demonstrate these principles in a 57 μm-long double-coupled silicon waveguide system, enabling chiral mode switching with near-unity transmission efficiency at 1550 nm. This demonstration paves the way towards high-efficiency and highly integrated chiral mode switching for a wide range of practical applications.
Low energy carbon capture via electrochemically induced pH swing with electrochemical rebalancing
Authors: Jin Shijian , Wu Min , Jing Yan , Gordon Roy G. , Aziz Michael J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate a carbon capture system based on pH swing cycles driven through proton-coupled electron transfer of sodium (3,3′-(phenazine-2,3-diylbis(oxy))bis(propane-1-sulfonate)) (DSPZ) molecules. Electrochemical reduction of DSPZ causes an increase of hydroxide concentration, which absorbs CO2; subsequent electrochemical oxidation of the reduced DSPZ consumes the hydroxide, causing CO2outgassing. The measured electrical work of separating CO2from a binary mixture with N2, at CO2inlet partial pressures ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 bar, and releasing to a pure CO2exit stream at 1.0 bar, was measured for electrical current densities of 20–150 mA cm−2. The work for separating CO2from a 0.1 bar inlet and concentrating into a 1 bar exit is 61.3 kJ molCO2−1at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Depending on the initial composition of the electrolyte, the molar cycle work for capture from 0.4 mbar extrapolates to 121–237 kJ molCO2−1at 20 mA cm−2. We also introduce an electrochemical rebalancing method that extends cell lifetime by recovering the initial electrolyte composition after it is perturbed by side reactions. We discuss the implications of these results for future low-energy electrochemical carbon capture devices.