bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between urinary sodium excretion and hard outcomes in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Cury Cecília Malheiro , Banin Vanessa Burgugi , Reis Pamela Falbo dos , Caramori Jacqueline Teixeira , Barretti Pasqual , de Andrade Luís Gustavo Modelli , Martin Luis Cuadrado 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: If sodium intake directly affect the progression to renal failure or death in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains uncertain. We evaluated the association between urinary sodium excretion (as a surrogate for sodium intake) with the occurrence of renal failure and death in non-dialytic CKD patients. Methods: A cohort study of non-dialytic CKD patients, including patients that who have their first visit clinical appointment between October/2006 and November/2010 and followed until March/2017. The inclusion criteria were: at least two 24-hour urinary sodium samples evaluated and aged superior to over 18 years, and the exclusion criteria were: patients who underwent undergoing previous dialysis therapy previously, with in the malignant phase of hypertension, hepatic insufficiency, alcoholics, malignant neoplasms, and implausible biochemical examination values. To measure sodium intake, two 24-hour urinary sodium samples were collected at the first visit appointment and or at maximum six months later. The outcomes were renal failure (onset of renal replacement therapy (RRT)) and death. Multiple Cox regression model was adjusted for age, creatinine clearance, smoking, and proteinuria/creatininuria ratio. Results: Were screened 292 patients and included 205 patients; during the follow-up period (until 125 months) there were 52 deaths and 37 patients developed renal failure. Considering the first quintile (urinary sodium below 2.51 g/day) as a reference, the second quintile (2.52 and 3.11 g/day) presented an adjusted Hazard Ratio of 0.245 (95% confidence interval: 0.660-0.912; p=0.036). Other quintiles did not present statistically significant association with renal outcome. There were no associations between the quintiles of urinary sodium excretion and death. Conclusion: Moderate sodium intake was associated with a lower risk of renal failure.
High vaccine effectiveness against severe Covid-19 in the elderly in Finland before and after the emergence of Omicron
Authors: Baum Ulrike , Poukka Eero , Leino Tuija , Kilpi Terhi , Nohynek Hanna , Palmu Arto A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. The elderly are highly vulnerable to severe Covid-19. Waning immunity and emergence of Omicron have caused concerns about reduced effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines. The objective was to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe Covid-19 among the elderly.Methods. This nationwide, register-based cohort study included all residents aged 70 years and over in Finland. The follow-up started on December 27, 2020, and ended on February 19, 2022. The study outcomes were Covid-19-related hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission timely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. VE was estimated as one minus the hazard ratio comparing the vaccinated and unvaccinated and taking into account time since vaccination. Omicron-specific VE was evaluated as the effectiveness observed since January 1, 2022.Results. The cohort included 897932 individuals. Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer) VE against Covid-19-related hospitalization was 93% (95% CI90%–95%) and 87% (95% CI 84%–89%) 14–90 and 91–180 days after the second dose; VE increased to 96% (95% CI 95%–97%) 14–60 days after the third dose. VE of other homologous and heterologous three dose series was similar. Protection against severe Covid-19 requiring ICU treatment was even better. Since January 1, 2022, Comirnaty VE was 91% (95% CI 79%–96%) and 76% (95% CI 56%–86%) 14–90 and 91–180 days after the second and 95% (95% CI 94%–97%) 14–60 days after the third dose.Conclusions.VE against severe Covid-19 is high among the elderly. It waned slightly after two doses, but a third restored the protection. VE against severe Covid-19 remained high even after the emergence of Omicron.
Integrating machine learning to the sub-classification of monitoring operations for anomaly detection based on smart automation technology data center.
Authors: Chakor Ahmed Yassine , Azmani Abdellah , Azmani Monir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Intelligent monitoring of a computer network provides a clear understanding of its behavior at various times and in various situations it also provides relief to support teams who spend most of their time troubleshooting problems caused by hardware or software failures. This type of monitoring ensures the accuracy and efficiency of the network to meets the expectations of its users.However, to ensure intelligent monitoring, it is necessary to start by automating this process which often leads to long and costly interventions. The success of such automations supposes the establishment of predictive maintenance as a prerequisite for good governance of preventive maintenance. However, even when it is practiced effectively, preventive maintenance requires a great deal of time and the mobilization of several full-time resources, especially for large IT structures.This paper gives an overview on the monitoring of a computer network and explains its process and the problems encountered. This article also proposes a method based on machine learning to allow prediction and support decision making to proactively anticipate interventions.
Association between Hounsfield Units in Preoperative Wrist Computed Tomography Scans and Outcomes after Wrist Fracture Surgery.
Authors: Pérez-Úbeda María-José , Urbina-Balanz Alejandro , Rizo Belén , Collado-Gosalvez Alicia , Gimeno Maria-Dolores , Marco Fernando 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeThis work aims to evaluate the hypothesis that the value of Hounsfield units (HU), as a marker of bone density, in preoperative wrist computed tomography (CT) scans correlates with the functional outcomes as measured by patient reported outcomes (PROs) after distal radius fracture surgery with volar locking plate fixation.MethodsOf a database of 92 wrist fractures operated on in our hospital between 2011 and 2020, with a preoperative CT scan performed, we selected the cases with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final cohort comprised 64 patients. Three measurements of HU were performed in correlative coronal sections of the capitate bone. PROs were determined using two functional questionnaires (DASH and PRWE) and one quality of life questionnaire (SF-12). The statistical relationship between PROs and the HU measurements obtained via a CT scan was analyzed.ResultsPatients were classified into two groups, osteoporotic (OST) or non-osteoporotic (non-OST), according to the optimal cut-off value of 323 HU selected using a ROC curve. The median DASH questionnaire score in the OST group was significantly higher (1.7 vs 10.0, p = .003) as was the PRWE function subscale score (0 vs 3, p = .031).ConclusionHU values in preoperative wrist CT scans may help to identify osteoporotic bone in patients prior to wrist fracture surgery and lead to an improved surgical indication and treatment strategy.
A quantitative analysis of research trends in flood hazard assessment
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zha Xianbao , Luo Pingping , Wang Shuangtao , Cao Zhe , Lyu Jiqiang , Zhou Meimei , He Bin , Nover Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although the scientific investigation into flood hazard assessment (FHA) has increased in recent years, a global analysis of FHA-related studies is still rare. This research aims to elucidate trends in FHA-related scientific inquiry from a quantitative perspective. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to analyze a sample of 723 articles published in the period 2000–2020 from the Web of Science databases (WoS). Bibliometrix R-Tool was used to explore the trends and themes in this field by analyzing substantial documents, sources, and authors. Results show a growing number of scientific publications during the past two decades and a poor collaboration network between countries in this field. Keyword analysis shows that the themes of this research domain were focused on modeling. The main finding is that FHA remains an under-investigation field of study that focuses on specific geographical areas. Nevertheless, international collaborations present an increasing trend in FHA-related research, and a growing number of scholars have significant interests in FHA, whose topics are gradually systematized. These findings offer a comprehensive picture of FHA-related research and suggest the need for and benefits of collaboration across geographical study areas.
Hydrogeochemical Fate of Pharmaceutical Chemicals Discharged into a Tidal Freshwater Estuary
Authors: Foster Gregory , Leahigh Arion , Huff Thomas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The tidal freshwater Potomac River (TFPR) in the metropolitan Washington, DC region receives wastewater discharge from eight major wastewater treatment plants with the potential to alter water quality. A total of 90 pharmaceutical chemicals and personal care products (PPCPs) were analyzed in surface water and sediments using solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS, respectively, in conjunction with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring quantitation (LC-MS/MS-MRM). There were 52 PPCPs quantified in both surface water and sediment. The most frequently quantified PPCPs in water included caffeine, fexofenadine, nicotine, sulfamethoxazole, hydrochlorothiazide, MDA, desvenlafaxine, and metoprolol ranging from 10 to 360 ng/L, and in sediment included diphenhydramine, escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, fexofenadine, sertraline and triclocarban ranging from 20 to 120 ng/g (dry weight). Comparisons of PPCP constituents in WTP discharge and adjacent surface water showed altered compositions reflecting dispersal and transformation processes acted quickly following contact of effluent with surface water. Although the PPCPs were present at their highest concentrations in surface water near the WTP discharge zones, the concentrations rapidly attenuated yielding mainstem TFPR PPCP concentrations that did not show elevated concentrations along the freshwater reach of the tidal range in the estuary. The concentrations in sediment also decreased within 1-km from the tributary shoals to the mainstem river. Two prominent seasonal trends were evident in surface water between May to September for many PPCPs correlating with use patterns and temperature.
The Healthy Eating Index and Oral Health among Adults: A finding from a Prospective Cohort Study in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Arash , Darbandi Mitra , Pasdar Yahya , Mohebi Mahsa , Ziaei Narges , Najafi Farid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to investigate the association between decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and nutritional status based on Healthy Eating Index (HEI), in Iranian adults.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study were analyzed. DMFT index was employed as a measurement of oral health. The HEI-2015 score was calculated based on data obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized into quartiles to best separate those with better quality diets (Q4), mixed quality diets (Q2-Q3), and poor quality diets (Q1). Linear regression models were used to assess the association between HEI-2015 and DMFT.Results: 7,549 participants with the mean age of 45.65 ± 7.70, 3741 of which were female (49.56%), were evaluated. The mean of DMFT in Q4 of HEI-2015 was significantly lower than the Q1 (12.64± 7.04 vs. 14.29± 7.54, P<0.001). The mean of DMFT in higher SES was significantly lower than low SES (P<0.001). The increasing DMFT in the Q1 of HEI-2015 was significantly 0.11 times lower than in the Q4, after adjusting for confounding variables (β= -0.11; 95% CI: -0.54, -0.30). The increasing dairy intake (β= -0.08, 95% CI: -0.13, -0.03) was significantly associated with decreasing DMFT score and increasing refined grains (β= 0.20, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.35) and sodium (β= 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11) intake was significantly associated with increasing DMFT score. Conclusions: A healthy diet was significantly associated with a decrease in DMFT score in the studied population.
Post-Traumatic Growth and Its Influencing Factors among Chinese Women with Gynecological Cancer：A Cross-section Study
Authors: Chen Jing , Feng Yue , Zhang Shixi , Lin Tangwei , Liu Xingcan , Guo Xiujing , Zhu Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between post-traumatic growth (PTG), spiritual well-being (SWB), and perceived social support (PSS) ,and the related factors of post-traumatic growth among gynecological cancer patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross-section study among 586 gynecological cancer patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-spiritual well-being32 (EORTC QLQ-SWB32), Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to measure spiritual well-being, PTG, and PSS. The Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to determine the relationship between post-traumatic growth , spiritual well-being , and perceived social support .ResultsFor all participants, the highest PTGI score was 51.07 on the Appreciation of life scale, and the lowest was 32.84 on the New possibilities Scale.The highest QLQ-SWB32 centesimal score was 75.13 on the Relationship with Other scale, and the lowest was 60.33 on the Relationship with Someone or Something Greater Scale.The highest MSPSS centesimal score was 24.31 on the Family support scale, and the lowest was 20.54 on the Friend Support Scale.We found that Relationship with Self of QLQ-SWB32 was the only scale not associated with post-traumatic growth. Overall, patients with higher level of spiritual well-being and perceived social support have a higher level of post-traumatic growth.Besides, a high Personal strength score was associated with Religious belief (B= 1.615, P< 0.05) and Education background (senior middle school,B= 1.268, P=0.05，college and above，B= 1.450, P<0.05). Patients with higher Global-SWB of EORTC QLQ-SWB32 were retired (B= 0.387, P= 0.019).ConclusionsOur study revealed that patients with gynecological cancer who perceived higher levels of social support would experience greater post-traumatic growth, and spiritual well-being can mediate this effect.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsIncreasing social support and spiritual well-being might be scientific intervention techniques for improving post-traumatic growth in gynecological cancer survivors.
The 2022 Mw6.2 Pasaman, Indonesia, Earthquake and Its Implication of Seismic Hazard in Central-West Sumatra
Authors: Wulandari Rizki , Chan Chung-Han , Wibowo Adhi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On February 25, 2022, the Mw6.2 “Pasaman Earthquake” took place in central-west Sumatra in association with activity in the Sumatran Fault system. This study clarifies the spatial and temporal distribution of the Pasaman Earthquake sequence and forecasts the earthquake sequence’s impact on the seismicity in the vicinity and in the Sumatran Fault system. We first examined the seismicity before the mainshock and observed significant low b-value anomalies both in time and space, shedding light on the earthquake precursor by monitoring b-values prior to the event. Based on the first 18-day aftershocks, we modelled the temporal distribution of the mainshock according to the modified Omori’s law, which suggested this sequence could last 37 or 451 days. To understand the spatial pattern of the aftershocks, we calculated the coseismic Coulomb stress change imparted by the Pasaman Earthquake mainshock. The stress increase extended northwest and southeast, consistent with aftershock distribution. We further evaluated rupture probability for each segment of the Sumatran Fault. Considering the stress perturbation imparted by the Pasaman Earthquake, we expected a seismicity rate increase of ca. 40% at the Sumpur and Sianok segments in the short term. To quantify long-term rupture probability, the recurrence interval and the time elapsed since the previous earthquake were incorporated based on the time-dependent Brownian Passage Time (BPT) model. A high rupture probability is expected for a segment with a short recurrence interval and/or long time elapsed since the last earthquake. The earthquake probability at the Sumani segment in the coming 50 years was determined to be 72.0%. The outcomes of this study are the be-all and end-all for subsequent probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for not only Sumatra, but also certain metropolises in Malaysia and Singapore.
Factors associated with the level of general knowledge of diabetes mellitus in students in the final two years of medical school: a cross sectional study.
Authors: Tejada Flavia , Arias Pamela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: In Peru, there have been no studies on the knowledge of medical students about type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) which is relevant to ensure adequate preparation to address one of the pathologies with the highest burden of disease in this country.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in students in the last two years of medical school. A virtual survey was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire to find the general knowledge level of DM2. In addition, factors associated with the knowledge level were explored using appropriate hypothesis tests. Results: A total of 127 participants were included, 58 externships and 69 internships. The mean knowledge of DM2 was 67.14% in general and was the same in internships and externships. An association was found between knowledge and living with a person with DM (Coef=1.01 and p=0.015). Conclusions: The average in the questionnaire on knowledge of DM2 is slightly higher than the average found in other studies with questionnaires like the present study. A higher level of knowledge would be associated with living with a person with diabetes mellitus.
An in-depth examination of the natural radiation and radioactive dangers associated with a regularly used medicinal plant in Egypt
Authors: Saudi H. A. , Abedelkader H. T. , Issa Shams , Diab H. M. , Bashter I. I. , Alharshan Gharam A. , Uosif M. A.M. , Zakaly Hesham M. H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Specific activity of U-238 and Th-232, as well as K-40 radionuclides in twenty-five investigated medicinal herbs used in Egypt have been measured using high purity germanium (HP Ge) detector. The measured values are ranged from the BDL to 20.71 with mean of 7.25 (Bq kg− 1) for uranium-238, from the BDL to 29.35 with mean of 7.78 (Bq kg− 1) for thorium-232, and from the 172 to 1181.2 with mean of 471.4 (Bq kg− 1) for Potassium-40. Individual herbs with the highest activity levels were found to be 20.71 (Bq kg− 1) for uranium-238 (H4, Thyme herb), 29.35 (Bq kg− 1) for thorium-232 (H20, Cinnamon) and 1181.2 (Bq kg− 1) for Potassium-40 (H24, Worm wood). Ingestion-related effective doses over the course of a year of uranium-238 and thorium-232, as well as Potassium-40 estimated from measured activity concentrations are 0.002304 (minimum), 0.50869 (maximum), and 0.0373 (average) (mSv/yr). This is the first-time natural radioactivity of therapeutic plants has been measured in Egypt. In addition, no artificial radionuclide (for example, 137Cs) was discovered in any of the samples. Therefore, the current findings are intended to serve as the foundation for establishing a standard safety and guideline for using these therapeutic plants in Egypt.
Early postoperative hydrocephalus and its management after resection of vestibular schwannomas using the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach
Authors: Krystkiewicz Kamil , Wrona Dawid , Tosik Marcin , Birski Marcin , Szylberg Łukasz , Morawska Anna , Furtak Jacek , Wałęsa Cezary , Stopa Konrad , Harat Marek 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundA hydrocephalus is one of the clinical presentations of large vestibular schwannomas. However, the literature lacks data concerning early postoperative hydrocephalus in that group of patients and its late consequences.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the past medical records and radiological examinations of 116 patients.ResultsIn 6 patients (5%), external ventricular drainage was employed postoperatively - in 2 patients on the first, in 3 cases on the second and in 1 case on the fourth day after the surgery. One patient developed a postoperative hematoma, in another one massive edema of the cerebellar hemisphere was found. In 4 cases, some degree of edematous changes in the cerebellar hemisphere were noted. Based on the clinical course, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The first one showed mild signs of intracranial hypertension. The second one developed a deep and rapid deterioration in the consciousness state. In the second group, drainage was maintained for 11 and 14 days. One patient died on the 11th postoperative day and in another case a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. In the first group, drainage was removed on the 5th postoperative day in all cases. There were no complications related to that procedure. There was no correlation between age, size of the tumor, preoperative cerebellar edema, extent of the resection, preoperative size of the ventricles, cystic component of the tumor and preoperative obstruction of the aqueduct and postoperative hydrocephalus. The patients with postoperative hydrocephalus were hospitalized longer than the control group (p=0.001).ConclusionsTwo groups of patients with postoperative hydrocephalus were noted: the first one with acute and the second one with mild signs of intracranial hypertension. The presence of postoperative hydrocephalus does not depend on the analyzed preoperative factors.
Misbehavior: a Culprit Leading to Adverse Outcomes and Malpractice Claim against General Surgeons
Authors: Fan Xin , Shi Xin , Tang Wen-hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Closed malpractice claims against general surgeons were analyzed, to explore causal relationship between surgeons’ behavioral stumble and preventable adverse events.Methods: 127 malpractice claims against general surgeons were reviewed and analyzed. The frequencies of harmful practice patterns of behavior were estimated and it’s relationship with preventability of undesirable outcomes were assessed.Results: 132 legal representatives were involved in the 127 malpractice claims against general surgeons. The top ranks of frequency in flawed behavioral practice patterns were lack of adequate communication with patient and/or family (42.4%), lack of assessment of the primary surgical problem before surgery (34.9%), lack of checking or analyzing investigative report in time (24.2%), lack of evidence of compliance with prevention obligations (18.2%) and lack of following and dealing with postoperatively emerging problems (15.9%). In the involved 132 defendant hospital representatives, it revealed 124 (93.9%) with and 8 (6.1%) without behavioral practice errors. Defendants with behavioral violations were more likely to be considered “surgeons’ errors contributed to the preventable complications” (116 out of 124) than defendants without any behavioral errors (2 out of 8). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Deficient behavioral practices are ubiquitous in these malpractice claims and play a big role in preventable complications related to general surgery. It is a duty of medical staff leaders or senior surgeons to act as a credible role model ‘in the trenches’ for young generation of surgeons in providing standard of care to their patients mainly through traits of good behavioral practice.