bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Periodic Oscillations in a Harmonically Excited Single-Degree-of-Freedom Aerodynamical Oscillator
Authors: Yu Bo , Luo Albert C. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the equation of motion of a single degree of freedom aerodynamical oscillator was presented. The critical speed for the onsite galloping was determined from linearization. Assuming small angle approximation, the nonlinear vertical aerodynamic force was expressed. Then the periodic oscillations in a harmonically excited aerodynamical model were investigated. The nonlinear aerodynamic force was approximated using a cubic polynomial for a square section. The method of generalized harmonic balance method was employed to determine the analytical solutions of periodic oscillations. The stabilities of the analytical solutions of periodic oscillations were determined through the eigenvalue analysis. Finally, the analytical and the numerical responses of periodic oscillations were illustrated. The harmonic amplitudes were presented.
A Small MEMS Neural Network to Classify Human Sitting and Standing Activities
Authors: Okour Mohammad , Megdadi Mohammad , Nikfarjam Hamed , Pourkamali Siavash , Alsaleem Fadi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The next frontier of MEMS applications is their use as computing units to harness data at the sensor level. In particular, MEMS intelligent computing unit has the unique promise of significantly increasing energy efficiency while simultaneously increasing data processing speeds and eliminating data latency in many applications such as wearable devices. Along this line, this paper presents a demonstration of the first simulated microelectromechanical (MEMS) network capable of classifying real-life experimental data based on acceleration measurement to distinguish between sitting and standing behaviors without the need for any computing or processing unit. The MEMS network is made of four MEMS; two MEMS in the input layer and two in the output layer. The first MEMS in the input layer is responsible for detecting a rising edge acceleration and allows the first MEMS in the output layer to be triggered at a following falling edge of the acceleration signal. This signature corresponds to the sitting activity. On the other hand, the second MEMS in the input layer is responsible for detecting the falling edge of the acceleration signal and allows the second output MEMS to declare a standing activity if it detects a following falling edge signal. This work demonstrates the potential of distinguishing between the sit and stand activities without any computing unit.
Designing Mindfulness Practice System Based on Biofeedback in VR Environment
Authors: Li Shuo , Zheng Hongtao , Ge Yang , Yuan Wenyu , Han Ting 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Mindfulness practice has been proved to have sound intervention effects in stress relief and emotion regulation. However, traditional mindfulness therapy relies on group courses under the guidance of experts, which is limited by personnel and site resources. There has been growing interest in mindfulness practice and related interaction products without exploring the role of biofeedback mechanism in mindfulness practice. However, to translate this potential into concrete design applications, we need a qualitative understanding of how breathing feedback is embedded in game design. This article discusses the effects of different physiological feedbacks mechanism in virtual environments for mindfulness game design, exploring the impact of breathing feedback (continuous feedback) versus head orientation feedback (discontinuous feedback) on young mindfulness beginners. Using “MindJourney,” we present key insights that summarize how physiological feedback can be used in mindfulness-based games for immersive interactions, self-state perception, and motivational design experiences. The experimental results show that the MindJourney mindfulness practice system can effectively improve users’ mindfulness practice experience, promote mindfulness ability training and stress relief, and has specific theoretical significance and application value. This article shares practical experiences in the other design and exploration of mindfulness game practice in health interventions to provide youth with a healthy lifestyle.
Functional Module Identification in Product Digital Twins: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kotecha Maulik C. , Bhasin Devesh , Staack David , McAdams Daniel A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The effect of product architectures on the digital twin (DT) modularity is previously unexplored. The authors present a functional modeling approach to identify the modules that emerge in product DTs in this article. A preliminary study on module identification is presented. A stepwise procedure for functional modeling of the physical twin (PT) followed by module identification based on the functional interdependency with DT is presented. Six examples of product DT from literature were chosen, and functional modeling followed by module identification was carried out. Based on the interdependency of modules, two types of modules were observed — discrete modules and integrated modules. The interdependency of the modules varied depending on the twinning purposes of DTs. The DTs purposed for component health monitoring were observed to have more discrete modules than the integrated ones compared to those with remote operation as their primary twinning purpose. It is also observed that the modular product architectures in PTs may not remain modular in their DT. A few key research questions arising from this exploratory study are also discussed in this paper. The study presented here can potentially offer engineers and researchers in the engineering design community a familiar approach to study novel problems and open new directions of inquiry.
A Self-Reactive Ocean Wave Energy Converter With Winch-Based Power Take-Off: Design, Prototype, and Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Liu Mingyi , Bennett Adam , Ruan Fujun , Li Xiaofan , Lou Junhui , Mi Jia , Zuo Lei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Agriculture provides a large amount of the world’s fish supply. Remote ocean farms need electric power, but most of them are not covered by the electric power grid. Ocean wave energy has the potential to provide power and enable fully autonomous farms. However, the lack of solid mounting structure makes it very challenging to harvest ocean power efficiently; the small-scale application makes high-efficiency conversion hard to achieve. To address these issues, we proposed a self-reactive ocean wave converter (WEC) and winch-based Power Take-Off (PTO) to enable a decent capture width ratio (CWR) and high power conversion efficiency. Two flaps are installed on a fish feed buoy and can move along linear guides. Ocean wave in both heave and surge directions drive the flaps to move and hence both wave potential energy and wave kinetic energy are harvested. The motion is transmitted by a winch to rotation motion to drive an electric generator, and power is harvested. Dynamic modeling is done by considering the harvester structure, the added mass, the damping, and the excitation force from ocean wave. The proposed WEC is simulated in ANSYS AQWA with excitations from regular wave and results in a gross CWR of 13%. A 1:3.5 scaled-down PTO is designed and prototyped. Bench-top experiment with Instron is done and the results show that the mechanical efficiency can reach up to 83% and has potential for real applications.
Alpha-Photovoltaics for Milliwatt Applications
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Litz Marc , Russo Johnny , Tompkins Randy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Isotope power sources can serve applications for sensor or communication nodes that are required to last the lifetime of infrastructure because they possess at least 1000 times higher energy density, long operational lifetimes (&gt; 10 years), and wider operational temperature range compared to chemical power sources. There are different methods of converting radiation energy into electrical energy at low power (nW – mW) levels, the most prevalent is betavoltaic devices which convert beta particles energy directly into electrical energy using a semiconductor junction. However, the current state-of-the art betavoltaics can only produce 10’s of micro-watts/cm2, and are not suitable for applications requiring mW output power. Alpha particle emitting isotopes have higher energies than beta isotopes and can be used to produce power in mW range, but require radiation tolerant ultra-wide-bandgap semiconductor junctions, which are not widely available yet. Therefore, it is necessary to look at alternate approaches to harvest energy from alpha decay using existing semiconductor technology. In this paper, we have validated one such approach to convert alpha particles energy into electrical energy by employing an intermediate phosphor layer placed between an alpha source and an InGaP PV cell. We simulated the average energy emission of Am-241 using a pelletron source accelerating He2+ ions and exposed the InGaP PV with phosphor film deposited on top while measuring the IV characteristics throughout the experiment. We measured an output power of 165 μW/cm2 at 4.5 MeV beam, representing a fluence of 3.75 × 1013 ions.
Hydrogenation of Lignin Bio-Oil Components over Catalysts Based on Porous Aromatic Frameworks
Authors: Kulikov L. A. , Bazhenova M. A. , Makeeva D. A. , Terenina M. V. , Maximov A. L. , Karakhanov E. A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the hydrogenation of model lignin bio-oil components over ruthenium and platinum catalysts synthesized from a porous aromatic framework, namely PAF-30. This PAF represents a polymeric support with developed porosity and high chemical and thermal stability. The effects of the guaiacol concentration, process temperature, and reaction time on the product composition were identified in the catalytic hydrogenation of guaiacol as a common component of lignin bio-oil. Various guaiacol derivatives were hydrogenated, and the hydrogenate composition was investigated. It was demonstrated that, within one hour at 250°C and a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa, guaiacol can be hydrogenated exhaustively into 2-methoxycyclohexanol (64%) and cyclohexanol (64%) over the ruthenium catalyst and into a mixture of various hydrogenation products over the platinum catalyst.
Induction of labour for predicted macrosomia: study protocol for the ‘Big Baby’ randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ewington Lauren Jade , Gardosi Jason , Lall Ranjit , Underwood Martin , Fisher Joanne D , Wood Sara , Griffin Ryan , Harris Kirsten , Bick Debra , Booth Katie , Brown Jaclyn , Butler Emily , Fowler Kelly , Williams Mandy , Deshpande Sanjeev , Gornall Adam , Dewdney Jackie , Hillyer Karen , Gates Simon , Jones Ceri , Mistry Hema , Petrou Stavros , Slowther Anne-Marie , Willis Adrian , Quenby Siobhan 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionLarge-for-gestational age (LGA) fetuses have an increased risk of shoulder dystocia. This can lead to adverse neonatal outcomes and death. Early induction of labour in women with a fetus suspected to be macrosomic may mitigate the risk of shoulder dystocia. The Big Baby Trial aims to find if induction of labour at 38+0–38+4weeks’ gestation, in pregnancies with suspected LGA fetuses, reduces the incidence of shoulder dystocia.Methods and analysisThe Big Baby Trial is a multicentre, prospective, individually randomised controlled trial of induction of labour at 38+0to 38+4weeks’ gestation vs standard care as per each hospital trust (median gestation of delivery 39+4) among women whose fetuses have an estimated fetal weight >90th customised centile according to ultrasound scan at 35+0to 38+0weeks’ gestation. There is a parallel cohort study for women who decline randomisation because they opt for induction, expectant management or caesarean section. Up to 4000 women will be recruited and randomised to induction of labour or to standard care. The primary outcome is the incidence of shoulder dystocia; assessed by an independent expert group, blind to treatment allocation, from delivery records. Secondary outcomes include birth trauma, fractures, haemorrhage, caesarean section rate and length of inpatient stay. The main trial is ongoing, following an internal pilot study. A qualitative reporting, health economic evaluation and parallel process evaluation are included.Ethics and disseminationThe study received a favourable opinion from the South West—Cornwall and Plymouth Health Research Authority on 23/03/2018 (IRAS project ID 229163). Study results will be reported in the National Institute for Health Research journal library and published in an open access peer-reviewed journal. We will plan dissemination events for key stakeholders.Trial registration numberISRCTN18229892.
Effects of patient accessible electronic health records on nurses’ work environment: a survey study on expectations in Sweden
Authors: Cajander Åsa , Huvila Isto , Salminen-Karlsson Minna , Lind Thomas , Scandurra Isabella 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe introduction of information and communication technology influences the work environment of large groups of employees in healthcare. In Sweden, a national healthcare service providing patient accessible electronic health records (PAEHR) has been deployed, and this paper investigates nurses’ expected effects of this implementation.SettingNurses associated with the Swedish Association of Health Professionals working in healthcare such as primary care, hospitals and midwives in Sweden. Before a full-scale national implementation of PAEHR, a web survey study was distributed nationally. The respondents represented all 21 Swedish regions. Questions included five-point Likert scale questions and open questions.ParticipantsA survey link was distributed via email to 8460 registered nurses, midwives and union representatives in Sweden. The response rate was 35.4% (2867 respondents: registered nurses 84%; midwives 6%; chief position 5%; in projects 2% and other 3%). Three reminders were sent out, all of them increasing the response rate. A majority of the respondents were female (89.9%), 8.4% male, whereas 1.7% did not indicate their gender. 31.4% were under 40 years old, 53.8% 40–59 and 13.7% over 60.ResultsData were analysed using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis as the extraction method. The analysis revealed three distinct factors related to nurses’ expectations of PAEHR: (1) PAEHR improves the quality of care, (2) PAEHR improves the quality of the work environment and (3) risk and fears concerning patients’ well-being. Some interesting results include that more experienced nurses are more favourable to PAEHR. Our analysis also shows that the view of the nurse–patient relationship is an essential underlying factor related to positive or negative expectations.ConclusionsResults show that the expectations and perceptions of PAEHR vary depending on the nurse’s view of who the electronic record belongs to. Younger nurses are somewhat more negative towards PAEHR than older nurses.
Change in stunting and its associated factors among children aged less than 5 years in Ethiopia using Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data from 2005 to 2019: a multivariate decomposition analysis
Authors: Dessie Getenet , Tsegaye Gebiyaw Wudie , Mekonnen Berhanu Abebaw , Bayih Mulat Tirfie , Nigussie Zelalem Mehari 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess change in stunting and its associated factors among children aged less than 5 years in Ethiopia using Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data from 2005 to 2019.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingThe study was conducted in Ethiopia.ParticipantsIn 2005, 4586 individuals were examined, followed by 10 282 in 2011, 9462 in 2016 and 4937 in 2019.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome of the study was stunting, and the secondary outcome was factors associated with stunting and its change. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify individual and community-level factors associated with stunting among children aged less than 5 years. Multivariate decomposition analysis was also carried out to assess the role of compositional characteristics and behavioural change for decline in stunting among children aged less than 5 years in Ethiopia.ResultsOver the study period, the prevalence rate of stunting in children aged less than 5 years decreased from 47% to 37% in 2019. Differences in behavioural change among children under the age of 5 years account for 76.69% of the overall decline in stunting prevalence rate in the years 2005–2011, 86.53% in the years 2005–2016, 98.9% in the years 2005–2019, 70.34% in the years 2011–2016 and 73.77% in the years 2011–2019. Behavioural adjustments among breastfed children, diet diversity, place of delivery, ANC follow-up and region have all had a major effect on stunting prevalence rate. The wealth index, parenteral education, child’s age in months, length of breast feeding and area were among the compositional change factors.ConclusionA large percentage of children aged less than 5 years remains stunted in Ethiopia. Stunting was associated with alterations in the compositional and behavioural characteristics of children. Stimulating existing nutritional measures and improving the wealth index will make a significant difference in reducing stunting among Ethiopian children aged less than 5 years.
Retrospective study of COVID-19 outcomes among healthcare workers in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Eze-Emiri Chidinma , Patrick Foster , Igwe Ezinne , Owhonda Golden 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the illness severity and mortality among COVID-19-infected healthcare workers (HCWs).DesignA retrospective cohort study using population-level data. Secondary analysis was conducted on collated data from the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC) at the State Ministry of Health, Rivers State, Nigeria. Data were gathered from the COVID-19 patient database of the PHEOC on demographics, place of work, illness severity and outcome.ParticipantsThe cohort included all documented HCWs with confirmed COVID-19 infection (diagnosed by PCR).Primary and secondary outcome measuresIllness severity defined as ‘hospitalisation required’ and treatment outcome labelled as ‘alive’ or ‘dead’ were the outcomes of interest.ResultsThe mean age was 43 years and 50.5% of the cohort were female. Of the 301 HCWs infected, 187 patients were symptomatic with 32 requiring hospitalisation. Seven infected HCWs died of their COVID-19 infection, resulting in a case fatality ratio (CFR) of 2.3%. Population proportions for age groups, case presentation and mortality, would be significantly greater than those seen in the study population. Health professionals made up 79.7% (240) of the study cohort, with 68.8% (165) of them working at the teaching hospitals; the association between HCWs and health facilities they worked in, was significant. Symptomatic cases were more inclined to progress to severe illness (χ(1)2=15.219,α=<0.0001;adjusted OR (aOR) 10.658, 95% CI 2.494 to 45.552); patients also had greater odds of dying from COVID-19 (χ(5)2=13.7,α=0.003;aOR 1.079, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.141) per year increase in age adjusted for sex, case class and illness severity.ConclusionsFrontl-ine HCWs are at an increased risk of exposure to COVID-19 infections. In Nigeria, there is a higher risk of experiencing severe illness if symptomatic while infected with COVID-19. Preventive strategies, proper education and awareness must be put in place to protect HCWs.ObjectiveTo determine the illness severity and mortality among COVID-19-infected HCWs.
Identification of barriers, enablers and interventions to inform deimplementation of low-value care in emergency medicine practice: A protocol for a mixed methods scoping review informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Gangathimmaiah Vinay , Evans Rebecca , Moodley Nishila , Sen Gupta Tarun , Drever Natalie , Cardona Magnolia , Carlisle Karen 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionLow-value care can lead to patient harm, misdirected clinician time and wastage of finite healthcare resources. Despite worldwide endeavours, deimplementing low-value care has proved challenging. Multifaceted, context and barrier-specific interventions are essential for successful deimplementation. The aim of this literature review is to summarise the evidence about barriers to, enablers of and interventions for deimplementation of low-value care in emergency medicine practice.Methods and analysisA mixed methods scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley framework will be conducted. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, EMCare, Scopus and grey literature will be searched from inception. Primary studies will be included. Barriers, enablers and interventions will be mapped to the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework. Study selection, data collection and quality assessment will be performed by two independent reviewers. NVivo software will be used for qualitative data analysis. Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool will be used for quality assessment. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews framework will be used to present results.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this scoping review. This review will generate an evidence summary regarding barriers to, enablers of and interventions for deimplementation of low-value care in emergency medicine practice. This review will facilitate discussions about deimplementation with relevant stakeholders including healthcare providers, consumers and managers. These discussions are expected to inform the design and conduct of planned future projects to identify context-specific barriers and enablers then codesign, implement and evaluate barrier-specific interventions.
Understanding what happens to attendees after an NHS Health Check: a realist review
Authors: Duddy Claire , Gadsby Erica , Hibberd Vivienne , Krska Janet , Wong Geoff 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe NHS Health Check offers adults aged 40–74 an assessment of their risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Attendees should be offered appropriate clinical or behavioural interventions to help them to manage or reduce these risks. This project focused on understanding variation in the advice and support offered to Health Check attendees.DesignWe conducted a realist review, assembling a diverse body of literature via database searches (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, HMIC, Web of Science) and other search methods, and synthesised data extracted from documents using a realist logic of analysis. Our aim was to develop an understanding of contexts affecting delivery of the NHS Health Check and the underlying mechanisms producing outcomes related to the offer for attendees post-Check.ResultsOur findings demonstrate differences in how NHS Health Check commissioners, providers and attendees understand the primary purpose of the programme. A focus on screening for disease can produce an emphasis on high-volume delivery in primary care. When delivery models are organised around behavioural approaches to risk reduction, more emphasis is placed on advice, and referrals to ‘lifestyle services’. However, constrained funding and competing priorities for providers limit what can be delivered within the programme’s remit. Attendees’ experiences and responses to the programme are affected by how the programme is delivered, and by the difficulty of incorporating its outputs into their lives.ConclusionsThe remit of the NHS Health Check should be reviewed with consideration of what can be effectively delivered within existing resources. Variation in delivery may be appropriate to meet local needs, but differences in how the programme’s primary purpose is understood contribute to a ‘postcode lottery’ in post-Check advice and support. Our findings underline existing concerns that the programme may generate inequitable outcomes and raise questions about whether it can deliver positive outcomes for the majority of attendees.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42020163822