bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The resting frequency of echolocation signals changes with body temperature in the hipposiderid bat Hipposideros armiger
Authors: Schoeppler Diana , Denzinger Annette , Schnitzler Hans-Ulrich 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Doppler shift (DS) compensating bats adjust in flight the second harmonic of the constant-frequency component (CF2) of their echolocation signals so that the frequency of the Doppler-shifted echoes returning from ahead is kept constant with high precision (0.1–0.2%) at the so-called reference frequency (fref). This feedback adjustment is mediated by an audio–vocal control system that correlates with a maximal activation of the foveal resonance area in the cochlea. Stationary bats adjust the average CF2 with similar precision at the resting frequency (frest), which is slightly below the fref. Over a range of time periods (from minutes up to years), variations of the coupled fref and frest have been observed, and were attributed to age, social influences and behavioural situations in rhinolophids and hipposiderids, and to body temperature effects and flight activity in Pteronotus parnellii. We assume that, for all DS-compensating bats, a change in body temperature has a strong effect on the activation state of the foveal resonance area in the cochlea, which leads to a concomitant change in emission frequency. We tested our hypothesis in a hipposiderid bat, Hipposideros armiger, and measured how the circadian variation of body temperature at activation phases affected frest. With a miniature temperature logger, we recorded the skin temperature on the back of the bats simultaneously with echolocation signals produced. During warm-up from torpor, strong temperature increases were accompanied by an increase in frest, of up to 1.44 kHz. We discuss the implications of our results for the organization and function of the audio–vocal control systems of all DS-compensating bats.
Board Committee Overlap and the Use of Earnings in CEO Compensation Contracts
Authors: Carter Mary Ellen , Lynch Luann J. , Martin Melissa A. 
Published: January 2022

Using proxy statement data describing the terms of compensation contracts, we examine how overlapping membership between compensation and audit committees influences the use of earnings metrics in compensation. Although research predicts that such overlap could either increase or decrease the reliance on earnings, we find that firms with overlapping directors rely less on earnings-based performance measures in incentive contracts without altering the overall level of performance-contingent cash bonuses. In addition, we provide evidence that firms substitute earnings measures with measures less subject to earnings management. Our findings are robust to potential alternative explanations, extend to an implicit relation between earnings and compensation for a larger sample, and are not driven by the tendency toward an overlapping committee structure more broadly. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Michelin Is Coming to Town: Organizational Responses to Status Shocks
Authors: Favaron Saverio Dave , Di Stefano Giada , Durand Rodolphe 
Published: January 2022

What happens in the aftermath of the introduction of a new status ranking? In this study, we exploit the unique empirical opportunity generated by the release of the first edition of the Michelin Guide for Washington, DC, in the fall of 2016. We build on prior work on rankings as insecurity-inducing devices by suggesting that newly awarded high-status actors modify their self-presentation attributes to fit with what they believe audiences expect from the elite. Our results show that, depending on their standing prior to Michelin’s entry, restaurants acted upon different attributes of their self-presentation. Restaurants with high prior standing emphasized attributes that channeled authenticity and exclusivity, which may imply that their Michelin designation triggered operational changes. Actors with low prior standing, on the other hand, acted on descriptive attributes that did not necessarily imply operational changes and could be easily manipulated to signal their belonging among the elite. We contribute to research on status and conformity by disentangling the sources and types of conformity behaviors that newly awarded high-status actors deploy.This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.
The virtual ear, nose and throat follow-up clinic: a 10-year quality improvement project
Authors: Morris Simon , Agarwal Tanvi , Leopard Daniel , Costello Rhodri , Backhouse Steven 
Published: January 2022

Background/Aims Ear, nose and throat services have seen one of the greatest increases in service demand over the last 6 years. This study aimed to determine if a virtual clinic system could reduce the volume of patients who need to be seen in person in an ear, nose and throat outpatient clinic. Methods Clinical outcome data for one consultant's team in a single ear, nose and throat department between 2009–19 were analysed. Data were prospectively collected on all patients who used the virtual clinic in this 10-year period and the outcomes analysed. Results A total of 3071 patients entered the virtual clinic during the 10-year period. Of these, 61% were discharged from the clinic via virtual follow-up and 39% required an in-person review appointment. On average, 187 patients per year did not have to attend an in-person follow-up appointment, with estimated cost savings of £27 000 per year. Conclusions The virtual ear, nose and throat clinic service has clear benefits for patients and services, delivering healthcare without unnecessary in-person appointments through a shared, clinician–patient decision process.
Speech recognition for medical documentation: an analysis of time, cost efficiency and acceptance in a clinical setting
Authors: Zuchowski Matthias , Göller Aydan 
Published: January 2022

Background/Aims Medical documentation is an important and unavoidable part of a health professional's working day. However, the time required for medical documentation is often viewed negatively, particularly by clinicians with heavy workloads. Digital speech recognition has become more prevalent and is being used to optimise working time. This study evaluated the time and cost savings associated with speech recognition technology, and its potential for improving healthcare processes. Methods Clinicians were directly observed while completing medical documentation. A total of 313 samples were collected, of which 163 used speech recognition and 150 used typing methods. The time taken to complete the medical form, the error rate and error correction time were recorded. A survey was also completed by 31 clinicians to gauge their level of acceptance of speech recognition software for medical documentation. Two-sample t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to determine statistical trends and significance. Results On average, medical documentation using speech recognition software took just 5.11 minutes to complete the form, compared to 8.9 minutes typing, representing significant time savings. The error rate was also found to be lower for speech recognition software. However, 55% of clinicians surveyed stated that they would prefer to type their notes rather than use speech recognition software and perceived the error rate of this software to be higher than typing. Conclusions The results showed that there are both temporal and financial advantages of speech recognition technology over text input for medical documentation. However, this technology had low levels of acceptance among staff, which could have implications for the uptake of this method.
Out-of-pocket costs near end of life in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Reid Eleanor , Ghoshal Arunangshu , Khalil Aisha , Jiang Jingjing , Normand Charles , Brackett Alexandria , May Peter 
Published: January 2022

Background
Globally, there is a rise in chronic disease, including cancer, major organ failure and dementias. Patients and their families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) pay a high proportion of medical costs out of pocket (OOP), and a diagnosis of serious illness often has catastrophic financial consequences. We therefore conducted a review of the literature to establish what is known about OOP costs near end of life in LMICs.

Aims
To identify, organise and report the evidence on out-of-pocket costs in adult end-of-life populations in LMIC.

Methods
A systematic search of 8 databases and a hand search of relevant systematic reviews and grey literature was performed. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, assessed papers for eligibility and extracted data. The review was registered with PROSPERO and adhered to the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess quality. The Wagstaff taxonomy was used to describe OOP.

Results
After deduplication, 9,343 studies were screened, of which 51 were read and rejected as full texts, and 12 were included in the final review. OOP costs increased with advanced illness and disease severity. The main drivers of OOP were medications and hospitalizations, with high but variable percentages of the affected populations reporting financial catastrophe, lost income, foregone education and other pressures.

Conclusion
Despite a small number of included studies and heterogeneity in methodology and reporting, it is clear that OOP costs for care near end of life in LMIC represent an important source of catastrophic health expenditures and impoverishment. This suggests a role for widespread, targeted efforts to avoid poverty traps. Financial protection policies for those suffering from incurable disease and future research on the macro- and micro- economics of palliative care delivery in LMIC are greatly needed.
Early observations from the HIV self-testing program among key populations and sexual partners of pregnant mothers in Kampala, Uganda: A cross sectional study
Authors: Nasuuna Esther , Namimbi Florence , Muwanguzi Patience A. , Kabatesi Donna , Apolot Madina , Muganzi Alex , Kigozi Joanita 
Published: January 2022

Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) was adopted for key populations (KPs) and sexual partners of pregnant and lactating women (mothers) in Uganda in October 2018. We report early observations during HIVST implementation in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods
HIVST was rolled out to reach those with unknown HIV status at 38 public health facilities, using peer-to-peer community-based distribution for female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) and secondary distribution for mothers, who gave HIVST kits to their partners. Self-testers were asked to report results within 2 days; those who did not report received a follow-up phone call from a trained health worker. Those with HIV-positive results were offered confirmatory testing at the facility using the standard HIV-testing algorithm. Data on kits distributed, testing yield, and linkage to care were analysed.

Results
We distributed 9,378 HIVST kits. Mothers received 5,212 (56%) for their sexual partners while KPs received 4,166 (44%) (MSM, 2192 [53%]; FSW1, 974, [47%]). Of all kits distributed, 252 (3%) individuals had HIV-positive results; 126 (6.5%) FSW, 52 (2.3%) MSM and 74 (1.4%) partners of mothers. Out of 252 individuals who had HIV-positive results, 170 (67%) were confirmed HIV-positive; 36 (2%) were partners of mothers, 99 (58%) were FSW, and 35 (21%) were MSM. Linkage to treatment (126) was 74%.

Conclusions
HIVST efficiently reached, tested, identified and modestly linked to care HIV positive FSW, MSM, and partners of mothers. However, further barriers to confirmatory testing and linkage to care for HIV-positive self-testers remain unexplored.
Performance of custom made videolaryngoscope for endotracheal intubation: A systematic review
Authors: Hamal Pawan Kumar , Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Malla Pragya 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Videolaryngoscope is regarded as the standard of care for airway management in well-resourced setups however the technology is largely inaccessible and costly in middle and low-income countries. An improvised and cost-effective form of customized videolaryngoscope was proposed and studied for patient care in underprivileged areas however there were no distinct conclusions on its performances.

Method
The study follows PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and the protocol in International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews. The primary aim was to assess the first attempt success of customized videolaryngoscope for endotracheal intubation. The secondary objective was to evaluate the number of attempts, laryngoscopic view in terms of Cormack Lehane score and Percentage of glottic opening, use of external laryngeal maneuver and stylet and, the airway injuries after the endotracheal intubation.

Result
Five studies were analyzed for risk of bias using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for cross-sectional studies. Most of the studies had a poor to a fair level of evidence with only one study with a good level of evidence. Certainty of evidence was “very low” for all eligible studies when graded using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for systematic review.

Conclusions
The certainty of the evidence regarding performance of custom-made videolaryngoscope compared to conventional laryngoscope was very low and the study was performed in small numbers with fair to the poor risk of bias. It was difficult to establish and do further analysis regarding whether the customized form of videolaryngoscope will improve the first attempt success rate for tracheal intubation, reduce the number of attempts, improve the laryngoscopic view, require fewer external aids and reduce the incidences of airway injury with the given low-grade evidence. Some properly conducted randomised clinical trials will be required to further analyze the outcome and make the strong recommendations.
Anemia and undernutrition in intestinally parasitized schoolchildren from Gakenke district, Northern Province of Rwanda
Authors: Irisarri-Gutiérrez María José , Acosta Lucrecia , Parker Lucy Anne , Toledo Rafael , Bornay-Llinares Fernando Jorge , Esteban José Guillermo , Muñoz-Antolí Carla 
Published: January 2022

Background
Rwanda is a sub-Saharan country, where intestinal parasite infections, anemia and undernutrition coexist. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between intestinal parasite infections and undernutrition/anemia to clarify the priorities of intervention in the rural area of Gakenke district in the Northern Province of Rwanda.

Materials and methods
A total of 674 students from Nemba I School, participated in a cross-sectional study, in which their parasitological and nutritional status were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed by χ2 test, univariate analysis and Odds ratios (OR).

Results
A total of 95.3% of children presented intestinal parasitism, most of whom (94.5%) infected by protozoa and 36.1% infected by soil-transmitted helminths (STH), with Trichuris trichiura (27.3%) being the most prevalent. Multiple infections were found to be high (83.8%), with protozoa and STH co-infections in 30.6%. STH infections were mainly of low/moderate intensity. Neither infection nor STH infection of any intensity profile, was significantly related to anemia. In addition, STH infection, regardless of the intensity profile, was not associated with stunting, underweight or thinness. There was no difference between genders nor among ages in odds of anemia and nutritional status in STH-infected schoolchildren.

Conclusion
Multiparasitism remains high among Rwandan schoolchildren and is likely to cause nutritional problems. This work emphasizes the importance of keeping up health programs to reduce the prevalence of infection.
Supernumerary teeth in premolar and molar area on CBCT: a pictorial review.
Authors: Olszewski Raphael , Shimwa-Karengera Stéphane , Gurniak Anna , Gurniak Eliza , Serve Alexis , Simain Sato Franklin 
Published: January 2022

Objective: to build a descriptive classification of premolar and molar supernumerary teeth (ST) when preparing the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) report. The aim is also to share wide range of CBCT images in the open access publishing model. Material and methods: For our review we systematically searched for articles from PubMed with 1) free full texts on ST in molar and premolar area and using CBCT, and 2) articles providing with information on complications related with the presence of ST in molar and premolar area. We also added to our review studies providing with classic ST classifications in premolar and molar area. Results: We found 29 cases of ST, and we freely illustrated them with 84 figures. We separated our pictorial review in: 1) unilateral ST in the mandible, 2) unilateral ST in the maxilla, 3) unilateral undersized ST, 4) bilateral ST, 5) ST with additional features, and 6) cases with major hyperdontia. Conclusions: we build up the classification matrix for premolar and molar ST with 11 descriptors and 50 boxes. The descriptors were: 1) location if the ST crown in axial view, 2) vertical location of the cusp tip in relation with closest erupted tooth in coronal view, 3) shape, 4) distribution, 5) Position (in relation to normal tooth eruption) in sagittal view, 6) State of eruption of the ST in the sagittal view, 7) Follicle size measurement in sagittal view, 8) External root resorption of adjacent teeth by ST and its location in relation to the long axis of the involved tooth, 9) Internal resorption of ST, 10) Adjacent tooth complication, and 11) Damage to surrounding structures if ST removal. The open access figures from the literature illustrated 11 boxes. With our pictorial review we were able to illustrate 45 out of 50 boxes, and freely provide the readership with the most complete description of ST in premolar and molar area on CBCT than in previously published studies.
Morse quasiflats I
Authors: Huang Jingyin , Kleiner Bruce , Stadler Stephan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This is the first in a series of papers concerned with Morse quasiflats, which are a generalization of Morse quasigeodesics to arbitrary dimension. In this paper we introduce a number of alternative definitions, and under appropriate assumptions on the ambient space we show that they are equivalent and quasi-isometry invariant; we also give a variety of examples. The second paper proves that Morse quasiflats are asymptotically conical and have canonically defined Tits boundaries; it also gives some first applications.
Inertia groups and smooth structures on quaternionic projective spaces
Authors: Basu Samik , Kasilingam Ramesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with certain results on the number of smooth structures on quaternionic projective spaces, obtained through the computation of inertia groups and their analogues, which in turn are computed using techniques from stable homotopy theory. We show that the concordance inertia group is trivial in dimension 20, but there are many examples in high dimensions where the concordance inertia group is non-trivial. We extend these to computations of concordance classes of smooth structures. These have applications to 3-sphere actions on homotopy spheres and tangential homotopy structures.
On weighted compactness of commutators of bilinear maximal Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operators
Authors: Wang Shifen , Xue Qingying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Let T be a bilinear Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operator and let

T
*

{T^{*}}

be its corresponding truncated maximal operator. For any

b
∈

BMO
⁡

(

ℝ
n

)

{b\in\operatorname{BMO}({\mathbb{R}^{n}})}

and

b
→

=

(

b
1

,

b
2

)

∈

BMO
⁡

(

ℝ
n

)

×

BMO
⁡

(

ℝ
n

)

{\vec{b}=(b_{1},b_{2})\in\operatorname{BMO}({\mathbb{R}^{n}})\times%
\operatorname{BMO}({\mathbb{R}^{n}})}

, let

T

b
,
j

*

{T^{*}_{b,j}}

(

j
=

1
,
2

{j=1,2}

) and

T

b
→

*

{T^{*}_{\vec{b}}}

be the commutators in the j-th entry and the iterated commutators of

T
*

{T^{*}}

, respectively.
In this paper, for all

1
<

p
1

,

p
2

<
∞

{1<p_{1},p_{2}<\infty}

,

1
p

=

1

p
1

+

1

p
2

{\frac{1}{p}=\frac{1}{p_{1}}+\frac{1}{p_{2}}}

, we show that

T

b
,
j

*

{T^{*}_{b,j}}

and

T

b
→

*

{T^{*}_{\vec{b}}}

are compact operators from

L

p
1

⁢

(

w
1

)

×

L

p
2

⁢

(

w
2

)

{L^{p_{1}}(w_{1})\times L^{p_{2}}(w_{2})}

to

L
p

⁢

(

v

w
→

)

{L^{p}(v_{\vec{w}})}

if

b
,

b
1

,

b
2

∈

CMO
⁡

(

ℝ
n

)

{b,b_{1},b_{2}\in\operatorname{CMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

and

w
→

=

(

w
1

,

w
2

)

∈

A

p
→

{\vec{w}=(w_{1},w_{2})\in A_{\vec{p}}}

,

v

w
→

=

w
1

p
/

p
1

⁢

w
2

p
/

p
2

{v_{\vec{w}}=w_{1}^{p/p_{1}}w_{2}^{p/p_{2}}}

. Here

CMO
⁡

(

ℝ
n

)

{\operatorname{CMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

denotes the closure of

𝒞
c
∞

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathcal{C}_{c}^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

in the

BMO
⁡

(

ℝ
n

)

{\operatorname{BMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

topology and

A

p
→

{A_{\vec{p}}}

is the multiple weights class.
On the estimation of the Bernoulli regression function using Bernstein polynomials for group observations
Authors: Babilua Petre 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The estimate for the Bernoulli regression function is constructed using the Bernstein polynomial for group observations. The question of its consistency and asymptotic normality is studied. A testing hypothesis is constructed on the form of the Bernoulli regression function. The consistency of the constructed tests is investigated.
On a new method of the testing hypothesis of equality of two Bernoulli regression functions for group observations
Authors: Babilua Petre , Nadaraya Elizbar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the paper, the limiting distribution is established for an integral square deviation of estimates of Bernoulli regression functions based on two group samples. Based on these results, the new test is constructed for the hypothesis testing on the equality of two Bernoulli regression functions. The question of consistency of the constructed test is studied, and the asymptotic of the test power is investigated for some close alternatives.
Splines in vibration analysis of non-homogeneous circular plates of quadratic thickness
Authors: Singh Robin , Dhiman Neeraj , Tamsir Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mathematical model to account for non-homogeneity of plate material is designed, keeping in mind all the physical aspects, and analyzed by applying quintic spline technique for the first time. This method has been applied earlier for other geometry of plates which shows its utility. Accuracy and versatility of the technique are established by comparing with the well-known existing results. Effect of quadratic thickness variation, an exponential variation of non-homogeneity in the radial direction, and variation in density; for the three different outer edge conditions namely clamped, simply supported and free have been computed using MATLAB for the first three modes of vibration. For all the three edge conditions, normalized transverse displacements for a specific plate have been presented which shows the shiftness of nodal radii with the effect of taperness.