bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key Elements of a State Regulatory Framework for Managed Aquifer Recharge
Authors: Doremus Llyn , Job Charles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe regulation and permitting of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has largely been integrated within existing State groundwater regulations. MAR implementation encompasses associated processes that include: (1) source water acquisition and conveyance to the recharge site; (2) source water treatment to ensure compatibility with native groundwater, (3) aquifer capacity to receive recharged water; (4) migration and recovery of recharged water; (5) geochemical reactions of injected water with aquifer matrix and native groundwater; and (6) monitoring and mitigation measures as required. Characterization, design, and operation of the various components involved in successfully recharging groundwater over extended duration is evolving and depends in part on effective coordination and communication between MAR project proponents and regulators. Sustained groundwater availability will depend upon investment in development of effective managed aquifer recharge regulations that are practical, not overly burdensome and support water supply resiliency. MAR has a history of at least 100 years in the United States typically, but not exclusively, in the southwest due to more arid conditions. Regulation and permitting of MAR projects developed over that time vary substantially between states. Implemented properly, MAR project permitting and compliance provide critical oversight to protect water quality and water rights. The MAR regulatory components presented here are intended to inform future development of more consistent and effective regulation across the United States to facilitate investment in their installation and operation.
Understanding starch digestibility of rice: a study in brown rice
Authors: Srikaeo Khongsak , Saeva Kanyarin , Sopade Peter A. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn vitro starch digestibility of 10 Thai brown rice samples was investigated for foundational in‐depth understandings of treated/processed and untreated/non‐processed rice. The samples were uncooked pigmented, non‐pigmented and differed in amylose contents and chemical and functional properties. The starch digestograms were modelled using innovative techniques involving objective logarithm of slope (Sopade Objective Procedure) and one‐term and two‐term exponential and non‐exponential models. The samples significantly (P ≤ 0.05) revealed monophasic and biphasic starch digestograms, and the digestion parameters were sample‐dependent. Using the Sopade Objective Procedure, which better predicted the digestograms, the biphasic samples exhibited rapid‐slow and slow‐rapid in vitro starch digestion phenomena. The estimated glycaemic index (eGI) of the samples ranged from 41 to 95 g/100 g, and the sample with the slow‐rapid digestion pattern exhibited the lowest eGI. The results are discussed as baselines for follow‐up treatments that typify rice as a notable global food commodity.
Lagrangian relaxation for maximum service in multicast routing with QoS constraints
Authors: Araújo Carlos Victor Dantas , de Souza Cid Carvalho , Usberti Fábio Luiz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new variant of the Multicast Routing Problem called Maximum Service in Multicast Routing with Quality of Service constraints applied in the context of vehicular ad hoc networks, for which data must be sent from a root node to a set of terminal nodes. The use of all nodes is not mandatory and each connection between the root and a terminal aims to satisfy the quality of service according to the limits established for each metric. The objective is to maximize the number of serviced terminals according to the network's quality of service metrics. We present an integer programming formulation and four Lagrangian relaxations, to obtain good primal and dual bounds. We also develop a local search applied during the resolution of the Lagrangian relaxations. These methodologies were subjected to computational experiments with a set of 40 instances generated with characteristics of vehicular ad hoc networks. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the performance between methodologies, where the model achieved optimal values for 29 instances, and the Lagrangian relaxations rendered competitive bounds, especially for large instances.
Influence of the dispersant on the parts quality in slurry‐based binder jetting of SiC ceramics
Authors: Diener Sarah , Schubert Hendrik , Held Alexander , Katsikis Nikolaos , Günster Jens , Zocca Andrea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBinder jetting is establishing more and more in the ceramic industry to produce large complex shaped parts. A parameter with a great impact on the quality of the parts is the binder–powder interaction. The use of ceramic slurries as feedstock for this process, such as in the layerwise slurry deposition–print technology, allows a great flexibility in the composition. Such slurries are typically composed of ceramic powder, water, and small amounts of various additives. The understanding of the effect of these components on the printing quality is thus essential for the feedstock development. Four models were developed regarding the impact of additives, such as dispersants on printing. These models were confirmed or rebutted by experiments performed for an SiC slurry system with two different concentrations of a dispersant and a commercial phenolic resin used as a binder. It is shown that for this system the influence of the dispersant on the curing behavior and the clogging of the pores by dispersant can be neglected. The redispersion of the dispersant after the curing of the resin has no or only a minor effect. However, the wetting behavior determined by the surface energies of the system seem to be most crucial. In case the surface energy of the slurry additive is significantly lower than the surface energy of the binder, the strength of the green parts and the printing quality will be low. This was shown by inverse gas chromatography, contact angle measurement, rheological characterization, and mechanical tests with casted samples.
X chromosomes show relaxed selection and complete somatic dosage compensation across Timema stick insect species
Authors: Parker Darren J. , Jaron Kamil S. , Dumas Zoé , Robinson‐Rechavi Marc , Schwander Tanja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across the tree of life. As they are present in different copy numbers in males and females, they are expected to experience different selection pressures than the autosomes, with consequences including a faster rate of evolution, increased accumulation of sexually antagonistic alleles and the evolution of dosage compensation. Whether these consequences are general or linked to idiosyncrasies of specific taxa is not clear as relatively few taxa have been studied thus far. Here, we use whole‐genome sequencing to identify and characterize the evolution of the X chromosome in five species of Timema stick insects with XX:X0 sex determination. The X chromosome had a similar size (approximately 12% of the genome) and gene content across all five species, suggesting that the X chromosome originated prior to the diversification of the genus. Genes on the X showed evidence of relaxed selection (elevated dN/dS) and a slower evolutionary rate (dN + dS) than genes on the autosomes, likely due to sex‐biased mutation rates. Genes on the X also showed almost complete dosage compensation in somatic tissues (heads and legs), but dosage compensation was absent in the reproductive tracts. Contrary to prediction, sex‐biased genes showed little enrichment on the X, suggesting that the advantage X‐linkage provides to the accumulation of sexually antagonistic alleles is weak. Overall, we found the consequences of X‐linkage on gene sequences and expression to be similar across Timema species, showing the characteristics of the X chromosome are surprisingly consistent over 30 million years of evolution.
Smartphone‐compatible, CRISPR‐based platforms for sensitive detection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp
Authors: Naranitus Punyaporn , Aiamsa‐at Praphutson , Sukonta Thanwarat , Hannanta‐anan Pimkhuan , Chaijarasphong Thawatchai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), caused by bacterial isolates expressing PirAB binary toxins, represents the severest and most economically destructive disease affecting penaeid shrimp. Its rapid disease progression and associated massive mortalities call for vigilant monitoring and early diagnosis, but molecular detection methods that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of sensitivity, specificity, and portability are still scarce. In this work, the CRISPR‐Cas12a technology was harnessed for the development of two fluorescent assays compatible with naked‐eye visualization. The first assay, AP4‐Cas12a, was based on the OIE‐recommended AP4 two‐tubed nested PCR method and was designed to bypass the time‐consuming and potentially hazardous agarose gel electrophoresis step. Using AP4‐Cas12a, the detection limit of 10 copies per reaction could be achieved within less than 30 minutes post‐PCR. The second assay, RPA‐Cas12a, utilized recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to rapidly and isothermally amplify the target DNA, followed by amplicon detection by Cas12a, resulting in a protocol that can be completed in less than an hour at a constant temperature of 37°C. The detection limit of RPA‐Cas12a is 100 copies of plasmid DNA or 100 fg of bacterial genomic DNA per reaction. Importantly, we validated that both assays are compatible with a previously reported smartphone‐based device for facile visualization of fluorescence, thereby providing an affordable option that requires less consumables than lateral flow detection. Using this portable device for readouts, the AP4‐Cas12a and RPA‐Cas12a methods showed excellent concordance with the AP4‐agarose gel electrophoresis approach in the evaluation of clinical samples. Therefore, the developed Cas12a assays have the potential to streamline both in‐laboratory and onsite diagnosis of AHPND.
Depletion of hepatic stellate cells inhibits hepatic steatosis in mice
Authors: Kawahara Akihiro , Kanno Keishi , Yonezawa Sayaka , Otani Yuichiro , Kobayashi Tomoki , Tazuma Susumu , Ito Masanori 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimHepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main source of extracellular matrix in hepatic fibrogenesis, produce various cytokines, growth factors, and morphogenetic proteins. Among these, several factors are known to promote hepatocyte lipid accumulation, suggesting that HSCs can be efficient therapeutic targets for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aimed to investigate the effects of HSC depletion on the development of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in a murine NASH model.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were treated with gliotoxin (GTX), an apoptosis inducer of activated HSCs under the feeding of a choline‐deficient l‐amino acid‐defined high‐fat diet for 4 weeks. For in vitro study, Hc3716 cells, immortalized human hepatocytes, were treated with fatty acids in the presence or absence of LX2, immortalized HSCs.ResultsCholine‐deficient l‐amino acid‐defined high‐fat diet increased pronounced hepatic steatosis, which was attenuated by GTX treatment, together with a reduction in the number of activated HSCs. This change was associated with the downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and its downstream genes, including adipocyte protein 2, cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and fatty acid transport protein 1, all of which increase the fatty acid uptake into hepatocytes. As expected, GTX treatment improved hepatic fibrosis. Co‐culture of hepatocytes with HSCs enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation, together with the upregulation of PPARγ and CD36 protein expressions.ConclusionsIn addition to the improvement in hepatic fibrogenesis, depletion of HSCs had a favorable effect on hepatic lipid metabolism in a mouse NASH model, suggesting that HSCs are potentially efficient targets for the treatment of NASH.
The effect of natural disasters on household economic hardship during a pandemic
Authors: Lim HanNa , Shin Su Hyun , Ji Hyunjung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe year 2020 provided a rare opportunity to examine how US households experience economic hardship when natural disasters occur during a large‐scale public health crisis, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using a nationally representative sample of adults, this study examines the effect of natural disasters on household economic hardships during a pandemic, measured by food insecurity, mortgage or rent delinquency, and unemployment. The study estimated individual fixed‐effect models after controlling for time trends and time‐variant covariates. We find that while a disaster incident in the community during a pandemic is not associated with household economic hardships in aggregate, its effects are experienced differently by people according to the community‐level severity of COVID‐19 and the individual‐level factors characterized as vulnerability and resilience. Our findings have implications for targeted disaster relief and for building resilience among residents to adverse events.
Preferences for end‐of‐life care: A cross‐sectional survey of Chinese frail nursing home residents
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Chau Pui Hing , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Lin Chia‐Chin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAim and ObjectivesTo assess (1) the experience, knowledge and preferences of end‐of‐life care among frail nursing home residents and (2) the preferences of residents' family caregivers.BackgroundGlobally, nursing homes are becoming an important place where many older people will receive their end‐of‐life care. Thus, assessing the end‐of‐life care preferences among nursing home residents is crucial.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsResidents aged ≥65 years, with frail or pre‐frail status (n = 286) in 34 nursing homes were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the outcomes and regression analyses were used to evaluate factors related to the outcomes. Kappa statistics were used to examine the agreement between the preferences among 21 residents and their family caregivers. The manuscript was guided by the STROBE checklist.Results5.9% and 10.5% of the participants had heard of advance care planning and advance directive respectively. After explanations of the terms by the research team, 42.3% of the participants preferred advance care planning, whereas 22.0% preferred advance directive. The top reason for not preferring advance care planning/advance directive is perceiving them as ‘not necessary’. Nursing homes were the most preferred place to receive end‐of‐life care (41.6%). Whereas hospitals were the most preferred place for death (36.0%). The agreement among resident and family caregiver dyads ranged from none to minimal in most outcomes.ConclusionsThis study revealed the lack of awareness around advance care planning and advance directive among frail nursing home residents. Future research should focus on developing effective educational interventions to enhance the residents' awareness of these topics.Relevance to clinical practiceTo increase awareness among nursing home residents, more educational programs should be implemented. Frail older residents might not see the relevance of advance care planning; interventions need to include both current and future care to increase its relevance.
King, Lévinas, and the Moral Anatomy of Nonviolent Transformation
Authors: Sorgen Jeremy 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis essay overcomes the division between “principled” and “strategic” approaches to nonviolence studies by demonstrating that ethical analysis is key to understanding movement strategy. I show how the moral phenomenologies of Martin Luther King Jr. and Emmanuel Lévinas, figures usually treated by scholars of principled nonviolence, possess genuine insight for nonviolent strategists. With reference to each thinker and supporting evidence from the #BlackLivesMatter movement, I argue that nonviolent resistance makes a moral appeal through the medium of the body to the conscience of those bearing witness. Analysis of the way King combined moral reflection and strategic action recovers his legacy for the pragmatic tradition of social thought, while Lévinas's theory of the face offers additional considerations for nonviolent practitioners aiming for moral transformation at the local level. Studies that elucidate the complex moral dynamics by which nonviolent movements either succeed or fail will make the field a greater asset to practitioners.
Portfolio liquidation games with self‐exciting order flow
Authors: Fu Guanxing , Horst Ulrich , Xia Xiaonyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe analyze novel portfolio liquidation games with self‐exciting order flow. Both the N‐player game and the mean‐field game (MFG) are considered. We assume that players' trading activities have an impact on the dynamics of future market order arrivals thereby generating an additional transient price impact. Given the strategies of her competitors each player solves a mean‐field control problem. We characterize open‐loop Nash equilibria in both games in terms of a novel mean‐field FBSDE system with unknown terminal condition. Under a weak interaction condition, we prove that the FBSDE systems have unique solutions. Using a novel sufficient maximum principle that does not require convexity of the cost function we finally prove that the solution of the FBSDE systems do indeed provide open‐loop Nash equilibria.
Effect of community‐initiated kangaroo mother care on breastfeeding performance in low birthweight infants: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sinha Bireshwar , Sommerfelt Halvor , Ashorn Per , Mazumder Sarmila , Taneja Sunita , Bahl Rajiv , Bhandari Nita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis individually randomized trial was conducted to estimate the effect of promoting community‐initiated kangaroo mother care (ciKMC) in low birthweight (LBW) infants on infant breastfeeding performance. It was designed as a substudy within a larger primary trial on ciKMC and infant survival. Five hundred fifty stable LBW mother‐infant dyads (1500−2250 g) who provided consent, were consecutively enroled for breastfeeding performance assessment. The ciKMC intervention included promotion and support of continuous skin‐to‐skin contact and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) through home visits during the neonatal period. The primary outcome was effective breastfeeding performance indicated by an infant breastfeeding assessment tool score of ≥10 after the end of the neonatal period. As secondary outcomes, we reported maternal satisfaction related to infant breastfeeding, and EBF after the end of the neonatal period. We completed outcome assessments in 96% of participants. In the ciKMC arm, 92% of the infants showed effective breastfeeding performance against 81% in the control arm [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16−1.32]. In the ciKMC arm, 65% of the mothers reported to be very satisfied with their infants' breastfeeding against 51% in the control arm (aPR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05−1.41). The proportion of infants practicing EBF was 89% in the ciKMC arm against 45% in the control arm (aPR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.45−1.81). Our study findings suggest that promotion of ciKMC can improve effective breastfeeding, EBF and maternal satisfaction related to breastfeeding in LBW infants.
The air mycobiome is decoupled from the soil mycobiome in the California San Joaquin Valley
Authors: Wagner Robert , Montoya Liliam , Gao Cheng , Head Jennifer R. , Remais Justin , Taylor John W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDispersal is a key force in the assembly of fungal communities and the air is the dominant route of dispersal for most fungi. Understanding the dynamics of airborne fungi is important for determining their source and for helping to prevent fungal disease. This understanding is important in the San Joaquin Valley of California, which is home to 4.2 million people and where the airborne fungus Coccidioides is responsible for the most important fungal disease of otherwise healthy humans, coccidioidomycosis. The San Joaquin Valley is the most productive agricultural region in the United States, with the principal crops grown therein susceptible to fungal pathogens. Here, we characterize the fungal community in soil and air on undeveloped and agricultural land in the San Joaquin Valley using metabarcoding of the internal transcribed spacer 2 variable region of fungal rDNA. Using 1,002 individual samples, we report one of the most extensive studies of fungi sampled simultaneously from air and soil using modern sequencing techniques. We find that the air mycobiome in the San Joaquin Valley is distinct from the soil mycobiome, and that the assemblages of airborne fungi from sites as far apart as 160 km are far more similar to one another than to the fungal communities in nearby soils. Additionally, we present evidence that airborne fungi in the San Joaquin Valley are subject to dispersal limitation and cyclical intra‐annual patterns of community composition. Our findings are broadly applicable to understanding the dispersal of airborne fungi and the taxonomic structure of airborne fungal assemblages.
Evidence of climate‐driven selection on tree traits and trait plasticity across the climatic range of a riparian foundation species
Authors: Cooper Hillary F. , Best Rebecca J. , Andrews Lela V. , Corbin Jaclyn P. M. , Garthwaite Iris , Grady Kevin C. , Gehring Catherine A. , Hultine Kevin R. , Whitham Thomas G. , Allan Gerard J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSelection on quantitative traits by heterogeneous climatic conditions can lead to substantial trait variation across a species range. In the context of rapidly changing environments, however, it is equally important to understand selection on trait plasticity. To evaluate the role of selection in driving divergences in traits and their associated plasticities within a widespread species, we compared molecular and quantitative trait variation inPopulus fremontii(Fremont cottonwood), a foundation riparian distributed throughout Arizona. Using SNP data and genotypes from 16 populations reciprocally planted in three common gardens, we first performedQST‐FSTanalyses to detect selection on traits and trait plasticity. We then explored the environmental drivers of selection using trait‐climate and plasticity‐climate regressions. Three major findings emerged: (1) There was significant genetic variation in traits expressed in each of the common gardens and in the phenotypic plasticity of traits across gardens, both of which were heritable. (2) Based onQST‐FSTcomparisons, there was evidence of selection in all traits measured; however, this result varied from no effect in one garden to highly significant in another, indicating that detection of past selection is environmentally dependent. We also found strong evidence of divergent selection on plasticity across environments for two traits. (3) Traits and/or their plasticity were often correlated with population source climate (R2up to .77 and .66, respectively). These results suggest that steep climate gradients across the Southwest have played a major role in shaping the evolution of divergent phenotypic responses in populations and genotypes now experiencing climate change.