bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-solid anti-resonant single crystal fibers
Authors: Ding Jinmin , Meng Fanchao , Zhao Xiaoting , Wang Xin , Lou Shuqin , Sheng Xinzhi , Yang Luyun , Tao Guangming , Liang Sheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel all-solid anti-resonant single crystal fiber (AR-SCF) with high refractive index tubes cladding is proposed. By producing the cladding tubes with high refractive index material, the AR guiding mechanism can be realized for the SCF, which can reduce the mode number to achieve single-mode or few-mode transmission. The influences of different materials and structures on the confinement loss and effective guided mode number for wavelengths of 2–3 μm are investigated. Then, the optimal AR-SCF structures for different wavelengths are determined. Furthermore, the influences of different fabrication errors are analyzed. This work would provide insight to new opportunities in the novel design of SCFs by AR, which would greatly impact the fields of laser application, supercontinum generation, and SCF sensors.
Graphical Abstract
Example of a Highly Branching CD Space
Authors: Magnabosco Mattia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Ketterer and Rajala (Potential Anal 42:645–655, 2014) showed an example of metric measure space, satisfying the measure contraction property $$\mathsf {MCP}(0,3)$$

MCP
(
0
,
3
)

, that has different topological dimensions at different regions of the space. In this article I propose a refinement of that example, which satisfies the $$\mathsf {CD}(0,\infty )$$

CD
(
0
,
∞
)

condition, proving the non-constancy of topological dimension for CD spaces. This example also shows that the weak curvature dimension bound, in the sense of Lott–Sturm–Villani, is not sufficient to deduce any reasonable non-branching condition. Moreover, it allows to answer to some open question proposed by Schultz in (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 57:1–11, 2018), about strict curvature dimension bounds and their stability with respect to the measured Gromov–Hausdorff convergence.
Blutgefäße aus dem Labor – neue Matrixeigenschaften zur Gefäßneubildung
Authors: Weiß Martin , Günther Patrick , Schröter Inka , Trappmann Britta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSuccessful vascularization is a key requirement for implantable materials. In order to determine the material design criteria that are needed to support the formation of blood vessels from the surrounding host tissue, we have developed the first biomimetic model of angiogenesis in a tunable 3D synthetic hydrogel environment. Using this model, we could show that matrix stiffness, adhesiveness and degradability regulate the collective migration of endothelial cells and importantly, vascular lumen formation.
LGBTQI + Refugees’ and Asylum Seekers’ Mental Health: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Nematy Azadeh , Namer Yudit , Razum Oliver 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
LGBTQI + refugees and asylum seekers experience enormous distress during their lifespan. Ill-effects of socio-cultural stigma, systemic violence, and forced migration due to sexual orientation, gender identity or expressions, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC) are not their only challenge. The cumbersome asylum process in host countries negatively affects their mental health and well-being. The objective of this systematic review was to retrieve, critically evaluate and synthesize the evidence from qualitative data relating to mental health conditions of LGBTQI + forced migrants before, during, and after resettlement.

Methods
Seven Databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Taylor, and Francis online as well as MEDLINE, PSYNDEX, PsycINFO, and PsycArticles via EBSCO) were queried with relevant search terms between January and April 2020. To be included in the analysis, studies had to be qualitative and published in peer-reviewed journals between 2002 and 2020. Of 410 records, 23 of them met the inclusion criteria. Two low-score records were removed after critical evaluation with the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Program). Data from 21 studies were extracted. Qualitative meta-aggregation was implemented as the data synthesis strategy.

Results
Four emerged themes were linked to distress: Violence/discrimination, mental healthcare access barriers, asylum system challenges, and unaddressed mental health difficulties. Coping strategies and support resources were two other relevant themes across and within the data.

Conclusions
Experiencing violence and deprivation of equitable mental health services in countries of origin due to SOGIESC status, difficulties in the asylum process, limited care in detention centers, cultural and financial barriers in host countries, and finally, discrimination based on multiple marginalized identities explain how the mental health condition of LGBTQI + forced migrants is inextricably intertwined with structural discrimination.

Policy Implications
Host countries need to ensure migrant and local communities are aware of state equality and LGBTQI + anti-discrimination policies. Service providers in both asylum and health systems need to be trained for affirmative, culturally sensitive, and intersectional approaches in their practice and avoid treating queer clients against their expectations and stereotypes. Also, they should address the authentic accounts of resilience and resistance of LGBTQI + forced migrants.
A transformative mission for prioritising nature in Australian cities
Authors: Frantzeskaki Niki , Oke Cathy , Barnett Guy , Bekessy Sarah , Bush Judy , Fitzsimons James , Ignatieva Maria , Kendal Dave , Kingsley Jonathan , Mumaw Laura , Ossola Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAustralia is experiencing mounting pressures related to processes of urbanisation, biodiversity loss and climate change felt at large in cities. At the same time, it is cities that can take the leading role in pioneering approaches and solutions to respond to those coupling emergencies. In this perspective piece we respond to the following question: What are the required transformations for prioritising, valuing, maintaining and embracing nature in cities in Australia? We adopt the mission framework as an organising framework to present proposed pathways to transform Australian cities as nature-positive places of the future. We propose three interconnected pathways as starting actions to steer urban planning, policy and governance in Australian cities: First, cities need to establish evidence-based planning for nature in cities and mainstream new planning tools that safeguard and foreground urban nature. Second, collaborative planning needs to become a standard practice in cities and inclusive governance for nature in cities needs to prioritise Aboriginal knowledge systems and practices as well as look beyond what local governments can do. Third, for progressing to nature-positive cities, it is paramount to empower communities to innovate with nature across Australian cities. Whilst we focus on Australian cities, the lessons and pathways are broadly applicably globally and can inspire science-policy debates for the post COP15 biodiversity and COP26 climate change implementation processes.
COSMIC-2 soundings impacts on a RO-based NOAA microwave satellite data quality monitoring system
Authors: Iacovazzi Robbie , Liu Quanhua , Zhou Xinjia , Kireev Stanislav , Sun Ninghai , Ho Shu-peng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate-2/Formosa Satellite Mission 7 (COSMIC-2) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) constellation is the follow-on to the highly successful COSMIC-1 program. The GNSS RO atmospheric soundings have historically been used to generate Community Radiative Transfer Model simulated background (B) microwave (MW) brightness temperature data needed to monitor NOAA operational MW sounding instrument observed (O) antenna temperature (Ta) product quality. This study is motivated by the need to determine the impact of COSMIC-2 RO soundings on this critical long-term monitoring capability. This study is based on individual MW sensor O-B Ta bias (∆Ta) statistics and "double-difference" inter-sensor Ta bias (δTa) statistics for two time periods. Time Period 1 (TP1—May 1, 2017, to September 30, 2019) exclusively uses COSMIC-1 and Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-5 soundings, while Time Period 2 (TP2—October 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020) expands the analysis with COSMIC-2 soundings. The TP1 and TP2∆Tastatistics comparisons indicate COSMIC-2 data population augmentation and latitudinal distribution impact the MW sounder performance monitoring tool transition from TP1 to TP2. COSMIC-2 competently supports long-term MW individual sensor and inter-sensor product monitoring for MW radiometer channels with weighting functions that peak between 8 and 30 km. Individual sensor∆Tamonitoring for other microwave channels that depend on COSMIC-2 data below 8 km and from 30 km to 60 has limitations, but these limitations are shown not to inhibit criticalδTamonitoring.
Investigating the promise and pitfalls of pulse surveys
Authors: Brown Matt I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the growing popularity and marketing of pulse surveys, there is little research concerning this practice. To this end, this practice forum reports the results of a four-wave pulse survey that was conducted in a health care organization. Pulse surveys provided reliable estimates of overall engagement, but scores remained stable across 8 months. Practically no differences in group scores or trends could be found despite high participation (≍ 50%). Item responses displayed little differences between groups, ICC(1) ranging from .03 to .18, and poor discriminant validity. Based on these results, pulse surveys may be adequate for estimating overall employee sentiment but not useful for detecting change over time or differences between groups. These limitations should be considered when designing or implementing pulse surveys.
Ibadi Muslim schools in post-revolutionary Zanzibar
Authors: Wortmann Kimberly T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article examines how the schools of the Ibadi-Omani diaspora have had an impact on religious education and Afro-Arab relations in post-revolutionary Zanzibar. Much of the existing literature about Ibadism and the Omani diaspora in Zanzibar centres on the island’s economic history, stories of Arab elites under sultanate rule and the politics of the 1964 revolution. Little work explores how Ibadis in Zanzibar today distinguish themselves from other Muslims by marrying within the Omani community, running religious charities, wearing Omani clothing, attending Ibadi mosques, and enrolling their children in Ibadi schools. This research offers a fresh perspective on Ibadism and Oman–Zanzibar relations under neoliberalism through an examination of the lived experiences of Ibadis and non-Ibadis affiliated with the schools of the Istiqama Muslim community and organization.
The relationship between dimensions of the Eustachian tube and acquired attic cholesteatoma
Authors: Cetinkaya E A , Yavuz A , Ozturk G , Ay S , Aydenizoz D , Selcuk O T , Eyigor H 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the relationship between physical dimensions of the Eustachian tube and the emergence of primary attic cholesteatoma.MethodsA total of 31 patients with unilateral attic cholesteatoma were selected for radiological comparison. Standard point measurements as well as specific measurements were performed using imaging software. The length, narrowest diameter and bony segment volume, and pharyngeal orifice diameter of both sides of the Eustachian tube (attic cholesteatoma and healthy control ears) were measured and compared.ResultsComparison of the values did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the attic cholesteatoma ears and the healthy control ears in terms of: Eustachian tube height, narrowest diameter, bony segment volume or pharyngeal orifice diameter.ConclusionNo statistically significant difference was found between the cholesteatoma ears and the healthy control ears in terms of the osseous Eustachian tube size. The findings indicate that the Eustachian tube bony segment dimensions and pharyngeal orifice diameter are not factors in attic cholesteatoma development.
The Role of Soil Temperature Feedbacks for Summer Air Temperature Variability Under Climate Change Over East Asia
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Jingyong , Wu Lingyun , Yang Kai , Li Suosuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ongoing climate change has posed severe threat to the natural system and human society. However, how soil temperature feedbacks matter for climate change projections is not yet well explored. In this study, we assess the role of soil temperature feedbacks for summer air temperature variability over East Asia under global warming. Regional climate model simulations with and without soil temperature‐atmosphere interactions were performed to isolate the role of soil temperature feedbacks under historical (1976–2005) and future (2071–2100) warming conditions. Results indicate that soil temperature feedbacks can largely enhance interannual variability of summer daily mean and minimum surface air temperatures over East Asia, with strongest impacts over Mongolia and many areas of northern Tibetan Plateau and northern China, in the historical period. The soil temperature feedback strength below 925‐hPa mainly depends on changes in longwave radiation, surface heat flux partitioning, and temperature advections, while it is largely determined by the diabatic heating processes in the lower troposphere. The spatial distribution of soil temperature feedbacks is projected to change notably over East Asia under future warming condition. In particular, the impacts of soil temperature feedbacks on summer temperature are shown to be stronger in the lower troposphere under future condition. These results imply the important role of soil temperature feedbacks on air temperature variability for regional climate modeling especially in the context of climate change.
Improved Water Savings and Reduction in Moist Heat Stress Caused by Efficient Irrigation
Authors: Ambika Anukesh Krishnankutty , Mishra Vimal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntensive agriculture and irrigation play a crucial role in the food security of India. However, irrigation has considerably impacted regional climate and groundwater sustainability. Notwithstanding the profound implications of irrigation on dry and moist heat and groundwater depletion, the role of efficient irrigation on moist heat stress reduction and water savings remains unexplored. Here, we use observations and simulations from the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model to examine the impact of efficient (drip) irrigation on moist heat stress and water savings over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain. Irrigated area has increased more than 20% over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain during the 1970–2005 period. As a result, irrigation water use has increased dramatically over the region. The irrigation expansion partly contributed to the rise of 0.46°C (P‐value < 0.05) in the summer (April–May) season wet‐bulb temperature over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain, which is a measure of moist heat stress. The Indo‐Gangetic plain exhibited a strong land‐atmospheric coupling between soil moisture and dry and moist heat. WRF simulations conducted using ERA5 as boundary conditions show that switching from the conventional (channel) to the efficient (drip) irrigation leads to a moderate warming (∼0.2°C) and a significant decrease in specific humidity over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain. The reduction in specific humidity due to efficient irrigation significantly lowers the moist heat stress (wet‐bulb temperature) and increases water savings. Our findings show the double benefits of efficient irrigation to curb the rapidly declining groundwater and increase moist heat stress in the region.
Autocorrelation Infrasound Interferometry on Mars
Authors: Ortiz Hugo D. , Matoza Robin S. , Tanimoto Toshiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA high‐sensitivity pressure sensor was deployed as part of the Mars Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport lander on Elysium Planitia in November 2018. We use pressure records from 1 October to 31 December 2019 (Sol 301–389) for frequencies between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz to infer relative sound‐speed changes in the Martian atmosphere using the autocorrelation infrasound interferometry method. We find that relative sound‐speed changes are up to ±15%, follow a similar pattern to Martian‐daily variations of atmospheric temperature and horizontal wind velocity, and are similar to those inferred from in‐situ observations and Martian climatology. The relative sound‐speed changes and horizontal wind speed variations are synchronous, while temperature peaks ∼1.88 hr after these time series. The strong and continuous emergence of coherent phases in the autocorrelation codas suggests the presence of continuous infrasound on Mars.
Microbial Blooms Triggered Pyrite Framboid Enrichment and Oxygen Depletion in Carbonate Platforms Immediately After the Latest Permian Extinction
Authors: Chen Zhong‐Qiang , Fang Yuheng , Wignall Paul B. , Guo Zhen , Wu Siqi , Liu Ziliang , Wang Rongqin , Huang Yuangeng , Feng Xueqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRedox variations across the Permian‐Triassic boundary (PTB) have long been debated, especially during the proliferation of PTB microbialites. Here, we report redox fluctuations across the PTB to evaluate links between the two based on pyrite framboid analysis from basin to platform settings in South China. During the end‐Permian extinction, abundant framboids indicate a widespread anoxia that was likely a direct cause of extinction. In the earliest Triassic (Hindeodus parvus conodont zone), pyrite framboids were absent in ramp to basin and shallow, nonmicrobialite platform sections. In contrast, the coeval microbialites yield abundant framboids indicative of dysoxia. The fact that framboids were only confined to PTB microbialites and absent in other habitats indicates that microbe bloom may have stimulated dysoxic watermass and triggered the framboid growth within microbe aggregates. Thus, microbialites were not built in reducing settings, but instead, microbial proliferation caused local, dysoxia within shallow oxygenated platforms after the extinction.
Orbital Forcing of Martian Climate Revealed in a South Polar Outlier Ice Deposit
Authors: Sori Michael M. , Becerra Patricio , Bapst Jonathan , Byrne Shane , McGlasson Riley A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeciphering paleoclimate on Mars has been a driving goal of Martian science for decades. Most research has addressed this issue by studying Mars' large polar layered deposits (PLDs) as a paleoclimate proxy, but the certainty to which we know the link between climate and orbit is debated. Here, we instead consider the record of other, smaller ice deposits located within craters separated from the PLDs using images from NASA's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera and signal processing techniques. We show that the climate record in Burroughs Crater (72.3°S, 116.6°E) contains robust evidence of orbital forcing, with periodicities that have wavelengths of 15.6 and 6.5 m. The ratio of these dominant wavelengths is 2.4, the same as the ratio between the periods of Mars' obliquity changes and orbital precession. This result suggests orbital control of recent Mars climate, and would imply an average ice accumulation rate of 0.13 mm/yr over 4.5 Myr in this region.
An 8‐Year‐Long Low‐Frequency Earthquake Catalog for Southern Cascadia
Authors: Ducellier Ariane , Creager Kenneth C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small magnitude earthquakes with typical magnitude less than 2 and reduced amplitudes at frequencies greater than 10 Hz relative to ordinary small earthquakes. Their occurrence is often associated with tectonic tremor and slow‐slip events along the plate boundary in subduction zones and occasionally transform fault zones. They are usually grouped into families with all the earthquakes of a given family originating from the same small patch on the plate interface and recurring more or less episodically in a bursty manner. In this study, we extend the LFE catalog obtained by Plourde et al. (2015), https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064363 during an episode of high tremor activity in April 2008 to the 8‐year period 2004–2011. All of the tremors in the Boyarko et al. (2015), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.026 catalog south of 42° North have associated LFE activity, but we have identified several smaller episodes of LFEs without associated tremor activity, and extend their catalog forward and backward by a total of about 3 years. As in northern Cascadia, the downdip LFE families have recurrence intervals several times smaller than the updip families. For the April 2008 Episodic Tremor and Slip event, the best recorded LFE families exhibit a strong tidal Coulomb stress sensitivity starting 1.5 days after the rupture front passes by each LFE family. The southernmost LFE family, which has been interpreted to be on the subduction plate boundary, near the updip limit of tremor, has a very short recurrence time. Also, these LFEs tend to occur during times when predicted tidal Coulomb stress is discouraging slip on the plate boundary. Both observations suggest that this LFE family may be on a different fault.
Solute Dispersion From a Continuous Release Source in a Vegetated Flow: An Analytical Study
Authors: Guo Jinlan , Chen Guoqian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSteady dispersion of solute in flows with submerged vegetation due to a continuous release source is a focus in water resources research. This paper presents a fully analytical effort for a complete description of the steady‐state concentration field. The analytically predicted vertical concentration profiles agree well with both experimental measurements and numerical simulation results. Relations between the steady dispersion for a continuous release source and the transient dispersion due to an instantaneous release source are also discussed. Results show that the mean concentration in the canopy layer is higher than that in the upper water layer and the steady concentration distribution approaches relative uniformity at a dimensionless downstream distance x = 0.5. The solute release position is shown highly remarkably affecting the way in which the downstream state is approached. Moreover, the vertical concentration profiles predicted by a spatially dependent four‐zone turbulent diffusivity model are better than those predicted by a constant single‐zone model. The obtained analytical results contribute essentially to our understanding of solute transport in water flows with submerged vegetation.