bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual health in Tunisian women after menopause: There is a need to improve it to sustain emotional and mental wellbeing
Authors: Abdelmoula B. , Sellami S. , Bouaziz I. , Khouaja E. , Bouayed Abdelmoula N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMaintaining sexuality is important to the well-being of women, particularly after menopause and benefits of sexual satisfaction in terms of emotional well-being and quality of life have been well demonstrated.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the sexual health behaviors in Tunisian women during and after menopause and the awareness of Tunisian partners about the role of the quality of their sexuality regarding their physical and psychological wellbeing.MethodsWe comprehensively review the scientific literature using Pubmed database to state Tunisian literature regarding sexual behaviors and function in women during and after menopause. Interviews with twenty Tunisian women after menopause about sexual health have been conducted.ResultsOur bibliographic research revealed a poor literature with only two papers responding to our inquiry but among a specific female population investigated after experiencing breast cancer “Female sexuality in premenopausal patients with breast cancer on endocrine therapy and sexuality after breast cancer: cultural specificities of Tunisian population”. Interrogated women reported a poor sexual satisfaction as well as sexual difficulties in the partner or with him. In fact, there is an important wrong understanding of the female anatomy and physiology by both partners, for the female sexual satisfaction. There is also many wrong cultural ideas about menopause and sexuality.ConclusionsCurrently, sexuality in Tunisian women during and after menopause is influenced by ageing, by previous sexual function and experiences, the male domination in partner’s sexual practices and the sexual functioning in the partner. In general, there is an unfavorable body image and disturbed sexual health.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Maternal function and clinical implications: case report
Authors: Cuevas Iñiguez I. , Molina Liétor M.D.C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMultiple authors have criticized the lack of attention that classical theoretical models have paid to motherhood as a milestone of great influence on the psychic structure of women. However other models have developed theories that take into account factors such as: motherhood implies “dying as a daughter” or the oscillations between the “desire of the mother” and the “desire of the woman”.ObjectivesThis case report aims to describe a case of severe difficulties achieving maternal function.MethodsCase report and literature review.ResultsA 27 years old woman, born in Ethiopia. The patient reported history of childhood trauma (intrafamiliar sexual abuse, child neglect). Depressed mood and pasive autolytic ideation since childhood. The patient was adopted when she was 11 years old and moved to Spain. The pacient had difficulties with bonding with her adoptive family. At the age of 24, she got pregnant “to have my own family and not being alone.” During pregnancy, she begins to present poorly structured paranoid ideation. After birth, the patient began to present autolytic ideation, dissociative symptoms and suicide attempts.ConclusionsFor the patient, her desire to be a mother, marked from the beginning by the phantom of appropriation, later led to rejecting it. Various factors could affect: her motherhood resignified the relationship with her family of origin, as well as having imagined that her daughter would complete her lack: the birth could have underlined her traumatic history, marking the bond with her daughter by indifference and the lack of libidinal investiture.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Gender Matters: the Need for a New Approach to Psychopathology
Authors: Van Der Gaag R.J. , Van Wijngaarden-Cremers P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTreatment of mental problems is based on classification categories. Yet most patients display far more complex problems than discribed in those categories. In child psychiatry boys are overrepresented whereas in adults women are in the majority when it comes to mental health problems. This raises the question whether gender and diversity shouldn’t be taken more into account in order to come to better classifications and understanding of developemental psychopathologyObjectivesTo look into the influences of gender, genetics, stress, child rearing and social determinants on the development of psychopathologyMethodsA literature search was performed with genetics, gender, stress and social determinants as keywords was in order to question the specificity and validity of current categories of psychopathology.ResultsThe search yielded 26 articles. Interestingly this supports the hypothesis that the focus on phenotypical classifications is misleading and that gender plays an important role in the expression of endophenotypes (psychophysiological and neuropsychological). Moreover in many cases gender is not taken in to account enough in studies and that gender biased conclusions (when the reseach has included more men than women for different reasons) are extrapolated to easily to the other sexe, assumoing that the outcomes are universalConclusionsThe categoral approach to psychopathology has stimulated research in a very productive fashion. Yet now we should think beyond categories in mental health and have the courage to adapt our clincial practice to endophenotypes taking into account the permanent interaction between individual and enviironment. Which implies a more gender specific approach to (psycho)pathologyDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mental Confusion of Neurological Etiology in 41 cases
Authors: Brahim S. , Bouali W. , Younes S. , Kacem M. , Zarrouk L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe confusional state is the clinical expression of a temporary acute cerebral decompensation. It is expressed by a global, fluctuating and reversible alteration of cognitive functions. It is a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency room.ObjectivesTo determine the epidemiology, neurological etiologies and their risk factors.MethodsRetrospective study based on the files of 41 hospitalized patients with confusional syndrome.ResultsWe collected 41 patients. The mean age was 72.9 years. The sex ratio was 1.25. The antecedents found were arterial hypertension and diabetes in 10 patients, a history of stroke was ischemic in 21 cases and hemorrhagic in 6 cases, cerebral metastasis in 5 cases, hepatic encephalopathy in 6 cases and a toxic cause in 4 cases. Mental confusion was acute in 23 patients and subacute in 18. The confusional manifestations observed were essentially temporospatial disorientation in 27 patients, obnubilation in 22 cases, difficulty in paying attention and concentrating in 24 cases, and vague and slow verbal expression in 11 cases. A metabolic disorder was found in 15 patients, such as hyperkalaemia (7 cases) and hyperglycaemia (8 cases). Etiological treatment was instituted with recourse to sedative treatment in 18 patients due to agitation. The evolution was marked by a total regression of confusion in 11 cases, lacunar amnesia in 7 cases, prolonged mental confusion in 6 cases and death in 3 patients.ConclusionsElderly subjects are at risk due to the vulnerability of brain structures to pathologies and treatments associated with this period of life. Early treatment can improve the prognosis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficacy of tPBM on ADHD symptoms and Executive Function Deficits in Adults with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ceranoglu T.A. , Cassano P. , Hutt Vater C. , Green A. , Dallenbach N. , Disalvo M. , Biederman J. , Joshi G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionExecutive function (EF) deficits are often associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), even in the absence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. To date, no approved medication treatments exist for EF deficits associated with ASD.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) on EF in adults with ASD.MethodsAdults (18-59) with high-functioning (HF)-ASD received twice a week tPBM for 8 weeks in an open-label single group design. ASD and EF deficits were assessed by clinician-rated Clinical Global Impression Scale and patient-rated scales of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A).ResultsEleven participants were enrolled. Ten participants completed the study. Nine participants who completed the study had comorbid ADHD diagnosis. All 10 participants were included in efficacy analyses of EF deficits. Statistically significant improvements in executive function deficits were found in BRIEF-A total score and in subdomains of Inhibition, Emotional Control, Planning and Organization, Organization of Materials, Behavioral Regulation, Metacognitive Index and Global Executive Control. All participants were found to have mild to moderate improvement in their ADHD symptom severity per clinician rated CGIs. Statistically significant improvements in ADHD symptoms were noted in self-rated scales. No adverse events required changes in tPBM protocol.ConclusionstPBM is a safe and feasible treatment approach that has the potential to treat core features of ASD. Further research is necessary and warranted.DisclosureThis work is funded by Alan and Lorraine Bressler Clinical and Research Program for Autism Spectrum Disorder and the MGH Pediatric Psychopharmacology Council Fund.
Virtual reality-based and eye tracking-assisted attention refocusing training for adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Selaskowski B. , Asché L. , Wiebe A. , Kannen K. , Aslan B. , Sanchéz D. , Lux S. , Philipsen A. , Braun N. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionNeurofeedback regimes in the treatment of adult ADHD are commonly EEG-based and have several shortcomings, including a weak signal-to-noise ratio, low transfer rates from laboratory to everyday environments and ambiguous evidence in respect to adequate brain signals of interest.ObjectivesTo investigate, if an eyetracking-based real-time feedback in a virtual environment can enhance attentional performance, as measured by behavioral, EEG and eyetracking parameters.MethodsOverall, n=18 adult patients with ADHD and n=18 healthy controls (HC) performed a continuous performance task (CPT) in a virtual seminar room, while distracting virtual events occurred. In case the participant’s gaze drifted away from the task an automated audiovisual feedback indicated the participant to refocus on the task. Three 20-minutes blocks were presented in counter-balanced order, that differed in respect to whether real feedback, sham feedback or no feedback was additionally provided.ResultsMixed ANOVAs with within-subject factors ‘Condition’ (real feedback, sham feedback, no feedback) and ‘Phase’ (distractor phases vs. non-distractor phases) and a between-factor ‘Group’ (ADHD patients vs. HC) revealed better task performances in HC than ADHD patients in respect to omission errors (p = .023), mean reaction times (p = .042) and reaction time variabilities (p = .007; cf. Figure 1). Moreover, omission errors turned to be higher during distractor-present than distractor-absent trials (p = .007), especially in ADHD.Figure 1.CPT results. DP=distractor-phases, NDP=non-distractor-phasesConclusionsWhile the virtual CPT turns out to discriminate well between patients with ADHD and HC, the behavioral results do not indicate an attentional performance enhancement based on the gaze-dependent feedback.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the risk of social stigma
Authors: Sacco M.A. , Scalise C. , Zibetti A. , Aquila V. , Abenavoli L. , Ricci P. , Aquila I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSocial stigma indicates a process of negative connotation of a person which results in discrimination. The victim of stigma experiences a condition of social exclusion that negatively affects his relationships. The COVID-19 pandemic has spread the fear of being “contaminated”, which has led to the discrimination of a part of population.ObjectivesThe purpose of this work is to analyze which people have suffered from stigma due to the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the negative effects on their health during this period.MethodsA literature review of peer-reviewed articles was performed on Pubmed NCBI database by inserting the keywords: stigma and COVID-19 in the period 2020-2021.ResultsThe data showed that the categories most at risk were positive patients and their families; healthcare workers in COVID-19 wards; Asian people. Discrimination has included avoidance attitudes, physical or verbal abuse, hypersurveillance in public places. Negative effects on victims included anxiety, depression, feelings of rejection and shame, self-harm and suicide. COVID-19 patients attempted to hide the disease by avoiding access to hospital; health personnel developed risk of burnout; Asian restaurants experienced a drop in reservations, even after quarantine period.ConclusionsSocial stigma is a public health problem and greater efforts are mandatory to reduce it including correct information, with the help of social and mass media; social interventions aimed at generating empathy; avoiding the use of negative language focused on stereotypes that could generate fear or discrimination. Such interventions are crucial to reduce discrimination in such a fragile period as COVID-19 pandemic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The conundrum of Identitive Dissociative Disorder: about a case
Authors: Albarracin P. , Herrero Pellón E. , Galerón R. , Huete Naval M. , Serván B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWe present the case of a 22 year old male with a history of two hospitalizations in the Psychiatric ward of our hospital with psychotic symptoms that led to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, whose later evolution arose doubts about such a diagnosis and provoked a re-examination of the case, eventually leading to a diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder.ObjectivesTo present a complex case of Identity Dissociative Disorder disguised by a myriad of psychotic-like symptom and to review the links between this kind of disorders and a personal history of trauma.MethodsWe performed an extensive review of the scientific literature available regarding the topic of Dissociative Identity Disorder, using sources both in English and Spanish languages.ResultsOur patient experimented two admissions into our Psychiatric ward due to acute psychopathological symptoms (auditive pseudohallucinations and visual hallucinations attributed by the patient to two different people who could influence on his behaviour), then linked to a début of a Paranoid Schizophrenia. The follow-up of the patient in a Day Clinic related to our hospital revealed a close relationship between the described symptoms and a personal history of trauma, as well as a lack of effect of the antipsychotic medication prescribed, and the clinical case eventually evolved to the development of two distinct identities within our patient, leading to a new working diagnose of Identity Dissociative Disorder.ConclusionsIdentitive Dissociative Disorder is a complex, underestimated entity of difficult diagnosis with deep roots in personal traumatic history and whose multifaceted presentation may entail a challenge to clinicians.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Stigma and Discrimination During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marchean H. , Mihai A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionA frequently discussed topic today, stigma and/or discrimination are social phenomena that, in the broader context of medical discourse and especially in the current epidemiological situation, Covid-19 pandemic, appear and need a detailed examinationObjectivesThis study aims are to examine the literature and to present the aforementioned phenomena, comparing them with the Link & Phelan stigma model and offering pros and cons for their congruence with the model.MethodsLiterature analysis with searching words: stigma, discrimination, Covid-19, medical and especially psychiatric pathology, in Pubmed and Google scholar engine.ResultsThe studied 32 articles provided 4 stigmatized subgroups in the social context of the pandemic: that of patients and medical staff, that of comorbidities sufferers, that of stigmatized ethnic groups, and that of stigmatized races. These groups, stigmatized directly or by overlapping with the “actual” group, were studied in the most relevant PubMed articles, and evidence for the congruence of their stigma with the model was presented in this review.ConclusionsThis work could also serve as a starting point for further study on combating stigma, improving the lives of our patients, colleagues affected by occupational exposure, and, finally, society at largeDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Association between polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders and social cognition: a systematic review
Authors: Martinez M. , Fichera C. , Fusar-Poli L. , Rodolico A. , Guloksuz S. , Aguglia E. , Signorelli M.S. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSocial cognition refers to a complex set of mental abilities that support the construction of adequate social competence and adaptation. Impairments in social cognition can be found in several psychiatric disorders, particularly in psychoses. Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) represent single metrics of molecular genetic risk and are a predictor of the genetic susceptibility to diseases, although they explain only a small part of the risk.ObjectivesTo explore the association between PRS for psychiatric disorders and social cognition.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Scopus according to the PRISMA guidelines up to August 2021. We included papers evaluating PRS and social cognition with psychometric scales. Articles concerning single-nucleotide polymorphisms and biological measures of social cognition (e.g., neuroimaging, peripheral biomarkers) were excluded.ResultsWe initially retrieved 150 articles. After removing duplicates, we screened 133 titles and abstracts and preliminary selected 19 papers. Participants recruited in the papers of interest were either people with schizophrenia, ASD or ADHD, their family members or healthy subjects. Articles evaluated the association between different psychometrical measures of social cognition and PRS for schizophrenia, Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD.ConclusionsLiterature regarding the association between PRS for psychiatric disorders and social cognition is heterogeneous in terms of populations, genetic risk evaluation, and outcome tools. Given the critical role played by social cognition in the onset and progression of mental disorders and its association with real-world functioning, future research should try to disentangle the complex genetic basis of this domain.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Hope-inspiring competence as a high-quality mental health nursing care in recovery-oriented practice
Authors: Laranjeira C. , Querido A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionHope should be fostered by providing information to help service users develop an understanding of psychological difficulties and encourage an active role in their self-care. This might include providing an open caring environment, nurse presence, comfort/pain relief, and involving patients in their care.ObjectivesTo analyze the critical importance of hope-inspiring competence as a high-quality mental health nursing care in recovery-oriented practice.MethodsThis was a reflective and discursive study based on experiential aspects of hope in mental health recovery.ResultsHope and hopelessness are important determinants of mental health. Hope has a positive influence on people’s mental health, on increasing comfort and satisfaction with life and on reducing negative emotions and suicide, decreasing the predisposition to addiction, and preventing family exhaustion, with a predictive effect on subjective well-being and protection of mental health. The concept of hope-inspiring competence is introduced to denote a relatively high level of the Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses ability to instil and maintain hope for recovery in people with mental health disorders.ConclusionsThe evidence seems to point to the importance of incorporating hope in collaborative strategies to promote mental health and manage mental health disorders. Despite this recognition of the role of the specialist nurse in psychiatric-mental health in training for hope, the way it develops in the context of specialized practice lacks evidence and visibility. A vision of recovery from mental illness exists, and hope, trust and self-determination should be incorporated into all treatment models.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Identity status as a factor of professional self-determination in adolescence
Authors: Molchanov S. , Markina O. , Karabanova O. , Kirsanov K. , Dzhepparova L L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe process of professional self-determination in adolescence is a key developmental task, the successful resolution of which determines the psychological health and well-being. Professional self-determination includes 1) the formation of a professional identity on the base of exploration the possibilities of professional choice, 2) making a decision for professional futureObjectives1) to study the features of a personal professional perspective in adolescence; 2) to reveal status of identity in the field of professional self-determination; 3) to study the relationship between the status of identity and the personal professional perspective.MethodsThe modified Personal Professional Perspective technique (N.S.Pryazhnikov) and the interview to determine status identity in the professional field (D.Marsia) were used. The study involved 144 respondents aged 15 to 17 years.ResultsThe heterochronicity of the formation of the components of the personal professional perspective (PPP) among adolescents is revealed. The connection of the high status of identity in the professional sphere with the formation of PPP has been proved. The formation of all components of the PPP among adolescents with the status of a moratorium and status of achieved identity is higher than in group with diffusion status (U criterion, p = 0.00).ConclusionsThe high status of identity in the professional sphere (moratorium and achieved identity) is associated with a high level of formation of a personal professional perspective.DisclosureNo significant relationships.