bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autumn blooms and seasonality of the dinoflagellate Unruhdinium penardii in the Han River (Korea) as tracked by morphological and molecular techniques
Authors: Kim Taehee , Ki Jang-Seu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Dinoflagellate blooms mainly occur in marine environments, and also occur in freshwater. This study reported the autumn blooms of the freshwater dinoflagellate Unruhdinium penardii var. robustum from the Paldang Reservoir in the Han River, South Korea. Morphological and molecular methods were used to examine 2 years of water samples collected monthly in 2012 and 2019. Environmental factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrients showed similar seasonal patterns in 2-year comparisons. The chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton cell concentrations were higher in 2019 than in 2012. Dinoflagellate cells were abundantly detected in autumn, with a maximum of 5.1 × 106 cells·L−1 in 2012 and 3.1 × 106 cells·L−1 in 2019. Of these, the dinoflagellate U. penardii var. robustum was predominant in October 2019. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays targeting 28S rDNA of Unruhdinium detected the highest copy numbers (5.1 × 108 copies·L−1 in November 2012 and 8.6 × 108 copies·L−1 in October 2019) in autumn. These patterns matched well with the microscopic cell counts. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that autumn samples were correlated with 28S rDNA of Unruhdinium. These results suggest autumn blooms and seasonality of the dinoflagellate U. penardii var. robustum in the Paldang Reservoir.
Reading by Pieces: Heliodorus, Sir Philip Sidney, and the Model of Romance
Authors: McIlwraith Fraser 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In The Model of Poesy, William Scott asserts that Sir Philip Sidney ‘did imitate’ Heliodorus’s Aethiopika in ‘the general gate of conveyance’ when he wrote The Countess of Pembroke’s Arcadia. Sidney’s engagement with Heliodorus’s fourth-century prose fiction has long been recognized, especially in relation to the revised and composite versions of the Arcadia that appeared in print during the 1590s. Nevertheless, the close relationship between Heliodorus and Sidney’s text has rarely been viewed in the broader context of the Aethiopika’s sixteenth-century reception and has never been taken seriously as an instance of literary imitation. This essay returns to Renaissance debates over the propriety of prose epic to explore the background to Sidney’s Defence of Poesy and Arcadia and examines neglected sources on the Aethiopika which shed new light on how Heliodorus was reconciled with existing systems of poetics. The discussion explores how Sidney’s education in European Protestant circles taught him to think about literary imitation in ways that made him especially receptive to other sixteenth-century approaches to the Aethiopika, and proposes that he saw imitatio and mimēsis as closely connected. In addition, it considers how Scott used Heliodorus’s text as a critical tool with which to read the Arcadia, and suggests that Martin Crusius may have exerted a subtle yet significant influence on the Model. Finally, in showing how the Arcadia adapts the narrative form of Heliodorus’s text, the essay assesses the intricacy of Sidney’s imitative technique.
Comparative Effectiveness of Second Generation Long-acting Injectable Antipsychotics Based on Nationwide Database Research in Hungary: An Update
Authors: Takács Péter , Kunovszki Péter , Timtschenko Valeria , Fehér László , Balázs Tamás , Hegyi Ramóna , Czobor Pál , Bitter István 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGreater 1-year and 2-year treatment continuation rates and longer median time to discontinuation for second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) long-acting injectables (LAIs) vs oral antipsychotics (OAPs) in Hungary were previously reported. This study reports an updated comparison between new LAIs vs OAPs in Hungary. De-identified claims data from Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund database of schizophrenia patients who were newly initiated on SGAs (November 01, 2016 to June 30, 2017) were retrospectively analyzed. Primary outcomes were likelihood of all-cause 1-year and 1.5-year discontinuation of newly initiated SGA and median time till discontinuation. Among 5400 patients, 3977 (73.6%) were OAP users and 1423 (26.4%) were LAI users. The 1-year continuation rate were 12.7% (risperidone)–34.1% (olanzapine) for OAPs and 26.4% (risperidone LAI)–78.6% (paliperidone 3-monthly [PP3M]) for LAIs. The 1.5-year continuation rates were 9.3%–29.5% for OAPs and 24.9%–76.4% for LAIs. Median (95% CI) time to discontinuation was 52 (33–67) days (clozapine)–152 (134–168) days (aripiprazole) for OAPs and 125 (64–196) days (risperidone LAI)–491 (250–not reached) days (aripiprazole LAI) for LAIs. All-cause discontinuation risk was significantly higher in all OAPs vs PP3M and aripiprazole LAI (P &lt; .01) as well as in each LAI vs PP3M (P &lt; .05). Patients switching on new LAIs from another LAI remained longer than those who switched from OAPs/no previous treatment. Results showed the advantage of LAIs over OAPs in terms of time to treatment discontinuation. Moreover, new SGA LAIs (PP3M) seem to be better than previous LAIs in terms of time to treatment discontinuation.
A sleep schedule incorporating naps benefits the transformation of hierarchical knowledge
Authors: Aghayan Golkashani Hosein , Leong Ruth L F , Ghorbani Shohreh , Ong Ju Lynn , Fernández Guillén , Chee Michael W L 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe learning brain establishes schemas (knowledge structures) that benefit subsequent learning. We investigated how sleep and having a schema might benefit initial learning followed by rearranged and expanded memoranda. We concurrently examined the contributions of sleep spindles and slow-wave sleep to learning outcomes.MethodsFifty-three adolescents were randomly assigned to an 8 h Nap schedule (6.5 h nocturnal sleep with a 90-minute daytime nap) or an 8 h No-Nap, nocturnal-only sleep schedule. The study spanned 14 nights, simulating successive school weeks. We utilized a transitive inference task involving hierarchically ordered faces. Initial learning to set up the schema was followed by rearrangement of the hierarchy (accommodation) and hierarchy expansion (assimilation). The expanded sequence was restudied. Recall of hierarchical knowledge was tested after initial learning and at multiple points for all subsequent phases. As a control, both groups underwent a No-schema condition where the hierarchy was introduced and modified without opportunity to set up a schema. Electroencephalography accompanied the multiple sleep opportunities.ResultsThere were main effects of Nap schedule and Schema condition evidenced by superior recall of initial learning, reordered and expanded memoranda. Improved recall was consistently associated with higher fast spindle density but not slow-wave measures. This was true for both nocturnal sleep and daytime naps.ConclusionA sleep schedule incorporating regular nap opportunities compared to one that only had nocturnal sleep benefited building of robust and flexible schemas, facilitating recall of the subsequently rearranged and expanded structured knowledge. These benefits appear to be strongly associated with fast spindles.Clinical Trial registrationNCT04044885 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04044885).
Remaking a “Failed” Masculinity: Working-Class Young Men, Breadwinning, and Morality in Contemporary Russia
Authors: Walker Charlie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMuch of the sociological work examining the changing fortunes of working-class young men has emphasized their newly precarious position as well as the “hollowed out” nature of their class subjectivities. By contrast, and echoing work on the adaptability of hegemonic forms of masculinity, this article points to the ongoing salience of working-class masculinities, drawing on longitudinal research with young men in Russia’s Ul’yanovsk region between 2004 and 2013. It examines how young men are able to shift from a position of marginality to one of a complicit, breadwinning masculinity by bringing to bear a variety of social, cultural, bodily, and institutional resources rooted in their class, gender, and ethnic location. This journey also reflects young men’s negotiation of dialogical, moral selves, central to which is their acquired ability to reflect upon different ways of being a man by appealing to wider moral currents within Russian society.
Effects of feeding corn containing an alpha-amylase gene on the performance and digestibility of growing cattle
Authors: Glaser Marissa Ann , Montgomery Sean P , Vahl Chris I , Titgemeyer Evan C , Kubick Callie S , Glaser Grant I , Spore Tyler J , Hollenbeck William R , Wahl Ross A , Blasi Dale A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Two growth performance studies and two digestibility trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding Enogen Feed Corn silage and corn grain to growing cattle. In Exp. 1, there were a total of four diets offered for ad libitum intake. The four diets consisted of two varieties of corn (Enogen Feed Corn [EFC] vs. yellow #2 corn [CON]) with two different methods of corn processing (dry-rolled [DR] vs. whole-shelled [WS]) and were formulated to provide 1.13 Mcal NEg/kg dry matter (DM); corn grain was 28.6% of diet DM. Average daily gain (ADG) and ending body weight tended to be greater for calves fed EFC than for those fed CON (P &lt; 0.10). Gain:feed (G:F) was better for calves fed EFC (P &lt; 0.01), improving by 5.5% over calves fed CON. In Exp. 2, a digestibility trial was conducted using seven cannulated Holstein steers fed the same diets from Exp. 1. Ruminal pH was not affected by corn variety (P &gt; 0.82). Liquid passage rate was greater for CON-fed calves and associated with lower digestibility. Total tract DM and organic matter (OM) digestibilities were greater for EFC-fed calves (P &lt; 0.04). In Exp. 3, there were four diets offered for ad libitum intake. Dietary factors were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial and consisted of two hybrids of corn silage (EFC silage [EFC-S] vs. control silage [CON-S]) and two varieties of corn grain (EFC grain [EFC-G] vs. control [CON-G]; both were dry-rolled). Diets were formulated to provide 1.11 Mcal NEg/kg DM; corn grain was 38.5% of diet DM, and corn silage was 40% of diet DM. ADG was 6.0% greater (P &lt; 0.01) and G:F was numerically (P &lt; 0.14) 3.3% greater for calves fed EFC-S than for those fed CON-S, but substituting EFC-G for CON-G did not affect ADG or G:F. In Exp. 4, a digestibility trial was conducted using eight cannulated beef steers fed the same diets as Exp. 3. Liquid passage rate (P &gt; 0.20), ruminal pH (P &gt; 0.23), and ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentrations (P &gt; 0.27) were unaffected by treatment. Total tract digestibilities of DM and OM were numerically greater by 2.5% and 2.2%, respectively, for calves fed the EFC-S compared with those fed CON-S. Feeding a corn hybrid containing alpha-amylase enzyme improved G:F of growing calves. Feeding EFC can benefit the beef industry by allowing less processing of grain without sacrificing performance.
Risk Factors for the Development of IgE-Mediated Food Allergy in Preschool Children with Asthma
Authors: Suleyman Ayse , Tamay Zeynep , Güler Nermin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Food allergy is a component of the atopic march and may have effects on asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for confirmed immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies and their impact on the clinical picture in preschool children with asthma.

Methods
Clinical history and allergic assessment results were obtained from medical records and analyzed retrospectively. Preschool children with asthma were included in the study and the characteristics of food allergy and asthma were evaluated. The patients were grouped as those with food allergy (Group I, n = 60) and those without (Group II, n = 98).

Results
In patients with food allergy and asthma, the number of episodes requiring systemic steroids in the last year (p = 0.002), atopic dermatitis (p = 0.001), parental atopic disease (p = 0.009) and aeroallergen sensitivity rates (p &lt; 0.001) was higher than patients without food allergies. The use of medium or high doses of inhaled steroids to achieve asthma control was more frequent in patients with food allergies (p = 0.014). Parental history of atopic disease [p = 0.007, odds ratio (OR): 3.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–7.77)], atopic dermatitis (p = 0.017, OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.19–6.57), starting complementary food after 6 months (p = 0.004, OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.5–10.0) and having aeroallergen sensitivity (p &lt; 0.001, OR: 6.01, 95% CI: 2.21–16.29) were identified as significant risk factors for food allergy.

Conclusion
Asthmatic preschool children with food allergies are more likely to have a parental atopic disease, atopic dermatitis, aeroallergen sensitivity and starting complementary food after 6 months. These patients experience more asthma attacks and need higher doses of steroids.
Associations between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation, Permeability and Damage in Young Malawian Children
Authors: Kortekangas Emma , Fan Yue-Mei , Chaima David , Lehto Kirsi-Maarit , Malamba-Banda Chikondi , Matchado Andrew , Chingwanda Chilungamo , Liu Zhifei , Ashorn Ulla , Cheung Yin Bun , Dewey Kathryn G , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is common in low- and middle-income countries and associated with childhood undernutrition. The composition of gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of EED. Our aim was to assess the associations between gut microbiota and EED biomarkers in rural Malawian children. We hypothesized that there would be an inverse association between microbiota maturity and diversity and fecal concentrations of EED biomarkers.MethodsWe used data from fecal samples collected at 6, 18 and 30 months from 611 children who were followed up during a nutrition intervention trial. The primary time point for analysis was 18 months. Microbiota data were obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing and variables included microbiota maturity and diversity, phylogenetic dissimilarity and relative abundances of individual taxa. EED biomarkers included calprotectin (marker of inflammation), alpha-1 antitrypsin (intestinal permeability) and REG1B (intestinal damage).ResultsThere was an inverse association between microbiota maturity and diversity and fecal concentrations of all 3 EED biomarkers at 18 months (p≤0.001). The results were similar at 30 months, while at 6 months inverse associations were found only with calprotectin and alpha-1 antitrypsin concentrations. At 18 months, EED biomarkers were not associated with phylogenetic dissimilarity, but at 6 and 30 months several associations were observed. Individual taxa predicting EED biomarker concentrations at 18 months included several Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae taxa as well as potentially displaced oral taxa.ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis of an inverse association between microbiota maturity and diversity and EED in rural Malawian children.
Non-invasive tests of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Guanlin , Zhang Xinrong , Lin Huapeng , Liang Lilian Yan , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For the detection of steatosis, quantitative ultrasound imaging techniques have achieved great progress in past years. Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction is currently the most accurate test to detect hepatic steatosis. Some blood biomarkers correlate with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but the accuracy is modest. Regarding liver fibrosis, liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (TE) has high accuracy and is widely used across the world. Magnetic resonance elastography is marginally better than TE but is limited by its cost and availability. Several blood biomarkers of fibrosis have been used in clinical trials and hold promise for selecting patients for treatment and monitoring treatment response. This article reviews new developments in the non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Accumulating evidence suggests that various non-invasive tests can be used to diagnose NAFLD, assess its severity, and predict the prognosis. Further studies are needed to determine the role of the tests as monitoring tools. We cannot overemphasize the importance of context in selecting appropriate tests.
ELSO Guidelines for Adult and Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits
Authors: Gajkowski Evan F. , Herrera Guillermo , Hatton Laura , Velia Antonini Marta , Vercaemst Leen , Cooley Elaine 
Published: January 2022

Disclaimer:
This guideline describes the ECMO circuit for all patient populations. These guidelines describe safe practice based on extensive experience and are considered consensus guidelines. These guidelines are not intended to define standard of care and are revised at regular intervals as new information, devices, medications, and techniques become available.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Individuals With Symptomatic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Kearney David J. , Kamp Kendra J. , Storms Meghan , Simpson Tracy L. 
Published: January 2022

Goals:Our aim was to describe the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms, PTSD severity, depression severity, and number of prior traumatic events reported.Background:IBS and PTSD can co-occur; yet, little research has focused on describing the gastrointestinal symptoms and prevalence of IBS among veterans with PTSD.Materials and Methods:We examined baseline data from a randomized clinical trial of behavioral interventions for veterans with PTSD. Veterans completed questionnaires assessing gastrointestinal symptoms (Gastrointestinal Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Information Systems; PROMIS) and lifetime traumatic events. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and the number of prior traumas reported PTSD severity, and depression symptom severity.Results:One hundred eighty-four veterans with a diagnosis of PTSD were included. Twenty-five percent met the Rome III criteria for IBS. Veterans reported gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal/belly pain (36%), diarrhea (21%), constipation (18%), and bloating/gas (17%). In multivariable analyses, greater PTSD severity was associated with worse constipation (P=0.008), diarrhea (P=0.005), and gas/bloating (P=0.001) when controlling for age and sex. Higher levels of depressive symptoms severity were associated with greater abdominal/belly pain (P=0.04).Conclusions:Among a sample of veterans with PTSD, rates of IBS and abdominal/belly pain are greater than general US population reference values. Although levels of constipation and bloating/gas are lower than general US population reference values, increased severity of PTSD was associated with increased gastrointestinal symptoms.
Bacteremia caused by accidental injection of Bacillus licheniformis microbiota modulator through the central venous catheter
Authors: Zhong Chuan , Wang Fen , Zhou Haining , Liu Jiarui , Hu Jiewei , Chen Yongjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Rationale:

Bacillus licheniformis (B licheniformis) is a commonly used microbiota modulator. However, infections are rarely observed in immunocompetent hosts.

Patient concerns:
A 67-year-old woman who underwent esophagectomy experienced accidental injection of B licheniformis and presented with chills followed by hyperpyrexia.

Diagnosis:
The initial diagnosis was B licheniformis bacteremia.

Intervention:
Based on our experience, the patient first received levofloxacin and ornidazole. The application of levofloxacin was retained based on the antibiogram results. After discharge, the antibiotics were changed to vancomycin and levofloxacin, based on sensitivity tests, until two consecutive blood cultures were negative.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered without any severe complications.

Lessons:
This is a rare report of the successful treatment of B licheniformis bacteremia caused by improper drug administration, which will provide a reference for the treatment of B licheniformis bacteremia.
Effect of pursed-lip breathing and forward trunk lean positions on regional chest wall volume and ventilatory pattern in older adults
Authors: Ubolnuar Nutsupa , Tantisuwat Anong , Mathiyakom Witaya , Thaveeratitham Premtip , Kruapanich Chathipat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pursed-lip breathing (PLB) and forward trunk lean posture (FTLP) are commonly used to relieve dyspnea and improve ventilation in a rehabilitation program. However, their effect on chest wall volumes and movements in older adults without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has never been investigated. This observational study aimed to identify the effect of combined PLB and FTLP on total and regional chest wall volumes, ventilatory pattern, and thoracoabdominal movement using in older adults. It was hypothesized that the combined PLB with FTLP would result in the highest chest wall volumes among the experimental tasks. Twenty older adults performed 2 breathing patterns of quiet breathing (QB) and PLB during a seated upright (UP) position and FTLP. An optoelectronic plethysmography system was used to capture the chest wall movements during the 4 experimental tasks. Tidal volume (VT) was separated into pulmonary ribcage, abdominal ribcage, and abdomen volume. The changes in anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) chest wall diameters at 3 levels were measured and used to identify chest wall mechanics to improve chest wall volumes. The PLB significantly improved ventilation and chest wall volumes than the QB (P < .05). VT of pulmonary ribcage, VT of abdominal ribcage, and VT were significantly higher during the PLB + UP (P < .05) and during the PLB + FTLP (P < .01) as compared to those of QB performed in similar body positions. However, there was no significant in total and regional lung volumes between the PLB + UP and the PLB + FTLP. The AP diameter changes at the angle of Louis and xiphoid levels were greater during the PLB + UP than the QB + UP and the QB + FTLP (P < .01). The AP diameter changes at the umbilical level and the ML diameter changes at the xiphoid level were significantly larger during the PLB + FTLP than the QB + FTLP and the QB + UP (P < .05). The ML diameter changes at the umbilical level were significantly greater during the PLB + FTLP than the QB + UP (P < .05). However, no significant difference in the relative regional chest wall volumes and phase angle among the experimental tasks (P > .05). In conclusion, a combined PLB performed in an FTLP or UP sitting could be used as a strategy to improve chest wall volumes and ventilation in older adults.