bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Based annual classification of precipitation fallow period in dryland the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Noor Hafeez , Min Sun , Li· Tingliang , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to clarify the relationship between wheat yield and precipitation in dryland region, the annual classification method of precipitation in fallow period was summarized in this paper by analyzing precipitation, precipitation distribution and its relationship with yield in Wenxi Experimental Base of Shanxi Province and major meteorological stations on the Loess Plateau from 1983 to 2020.The results showed that the average precipitation during fallow period was 296mm (coefficient of variation CV = 10%), accounting for 58% (coefficient of variation CV = 6%) of annual precipitation in the upland region of the Loess Plateau. With the increase of precipitation in fallow period, the wheat yield in dryland increased logarithmically (Y = 2526.5 lnX-10148, R2 = 0.42, P < 0.05). The method of annual classification of precipitation in fallow period. Divide the year type by annual precipitation, wet year: Pi > Pm + 0.33δ; Pm-0.33 δ ≤ Pi ≤ Pm + 0.33δ; Dry years: Pi < Pm-0.33 δ, Pi was annual precipitation (mm); Pm is perennial average annual precipitation (mm); δ is mean variance of annual precipitation (mm). The proportion of perennial and humid fallow precipitation was lower than the multi-year average were defined as abnormal years, and the years in which the proportion of arid fallow precipitation was higher than the multi-year average were defined as abnormal years.
A clinical study of topical treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy with dry eye syndrome
Authors: Sun Rou , Yang Muyue , Lin Chenyi , Wu Yu , Sun Jing , Zhou Huifang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical effect of vitamin A palmitate eye gel and sodium hyaluronate eye drop for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) with dry eye syndrome.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department of the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from May to October 2020. A total of 80 mild or moderate-to-severe inactive TAO patients with dry eye syndrome were divided into the control or the experimental group. Patients in the experimental group were treated with vitamin A palmitate eye gel three times/day for one month and sodium hyaluronate eye drop in the control group. The index of the dry eye test, including break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer I test (SIT), corneal fluorescence staining (FL), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and adverse reactions were analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0.ResultsAfter the intervention, the effective rate was 67.7% in the control group and 91.2% in the experimental group. The BUT value of the experimental group was significantly longer than that of control group (P=0.009). For the control group, the OSDI score and FL grade were significantly improved after treatment (P=0.002), while BUT score and FL grade were significantly improved after treatment for the experimental group (P<0.001). ConclusionIn patients with TAO, vitamin A palmitate gel and sodium hyaluronate eye drop improved the dry eye and promoted corneal epithelial repair. Vitamin A palmitate gel improves the stability of tear film, while sodium hyaluronate eye drop improves patients’ subjective discomfort.
Some Meat Quality Traits and Fatty Acid Composition of Saanen, Turkish Hair × Saanen (F1) and Honamlı × Saanen (F1) Crossbreed Kids in Tropical Region of Turkey
Authors: AKBAŞ Aykut Asım , KULEAŞAN Şükran , ÜSTÜNER Hakan , ELMAZ Ozkan , SARI Mehmet , SAATCI Mustafa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the possibilities of obtaining slaughtered kids using indigenous breeds in Saanen flocks, which does not require breeding. The cross-sectional surface of the Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) muscle was used to evaluate the some meat quality parameters. Evaluations were made after slaughtering and at 24th hour and on 7th day after the slaughtering. The average values of pH, pH 24, cooking loss, water holding capacity and shear force values obtained in research groups were 6.46, 5.02, 24.58%, 3.25% and 3.67 kg / cm2 in Honamlı x Saanen; In the same order, 6.46, 5.69, 25.66%, 5.59% and 4.52 kg / cm2 in Saanen and 6.62, 5.27, 22.69%, 2.55% and 4.25 kg / cm2, in the Turkish Hair x Saanen (F1) respectively.. It was found in the study that L0 (brightness), a0 (redness) and b0 (yellowness) values were 47.50, 7.51 and 12.67 for Honamlı x Saanen crossbred kids, respectively. The same values were 48.34, 7.74, and 12.62 for Saanen kids and 47.73, 8.01, and 13.20 for Turkish Hair x Saanen crossbred kids, respectively. In the study, the amount of muscle fat in Turkish Hair x Saanen (F1) crossbred kids was found 2.85%. While there was no difference in oleic acid content among genotypes, the ω-6 fatty acids linoleic and arachidonic were detected in the Saanen kids with a maximum of 10.67% and 4.98%, respectively (P < 0.05). According to findings, It was found that Honamlı x Saanen (F1) cross kids have shown beter performance for many traits than others. Therefore, Saanen farms which has no need young breeding animal can use Honamlı bucks as patternal line for the butchered kid production. This application can be introduced to the sector.
Major Earthquakes on the Southern San Andreas Fault Modulated by Lake Filling Events
Authors: Hill Ryley , Weingarten Matthew , Rockwell Thomas , Fialko Yuri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We use new geologic and paleoseismic data to demonstrate that the past 6 major earthquakes on the Southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF) correlate with high-stands of the ancient Lake Cahuilla, a ~236 km^3 body of water adjacent to the SSAF. In order to investigate possible causal relationships, we computed time-dependent Coulomb stress changes due to variations in the lake level over the last ~1100 years. Simulations were performed using a fully coupled 3-D finite element model incorporating a poroelastic crust overlying a viscoelastic mantle. We find that the Coulomb stress perturbations on the SSAF are positive (i.e., promoting failure) throughout the lake loading history. For a plausible range of lake ages and material properties of the Earth's crust, the estimated stress perturbations are of the order of 0.5 MPa, likely sufficient for triggering. Stress perturbations are dominated by pore pressure changes, but are enhanced by the poroelastic "memory" effect whereby increases in pore pressure due to previous lake high stands do not completely vanish by diffusion and constructively interfere with the undrained response in subsequent high stands. Our preferred model suggests that the lake loading complemented the interseismic stress accumulation on average by as much as 16-44%. The destabilizing effects of lake inundation are enhanced by a non-vertical fault dip, presence of a fault damage zone, and lateral pore pressure diffusion. Our model may be applicable to other regions where hydrologic loading, either natural or anthropogenic, was associated with significant seismicity.
The efficacy and safety of remimazolam versus propofol for endoscopy in Chinese patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Han Yurong , Chang Pan , Zhang Wensheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Several trials have been designed to assess the efficacy and safety of remimazolam for endoscopy in Chinese patients. However, the results were not powerful with the small number of patients. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam compared with propofol for endoscopy.
Materials and Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China Wan Fang, CNKI, and ClinicalTrials.gov (up to 6 November 2021). Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing I.V. propofol versus remimazolam for endoscopy were included. The primary outcome was sedation success rate. The trial sequential analysis (TSA) and GRADE assessment were performed to evaluate the level of evidence.
Results
Nine RCTs with 1321 patients were included. Although the success rate in the remimazolam group (97.6%) was lower than that in the propofol group (98.9%), the difference was not statistically significant (RR 0.98, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.97 to 1.00; I2 = 16%, P = 0.09; high-quality). Moreover, I.V. remimazolam led to a significant reduction in the incidence of injection pain (RR 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08; I2 = 0%; P < 0.001; high-quality), intraoperative hypotension (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.60; I2 = 78%; P < 0.001; low-quality), and respiratory depression (RR 0.17, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.28; I2 = 0%; P < 0.001; high-quality). TSA showed that the cumulative Z curve crossed the monitoring boundary for all outcomes.
Conclusion
There is high-quality evidence to support that compared with propofol for Chinese patients undergoing endoscopy, remimazolam has similar high sedation success rates, with less injection pain and respiratory depression; there is low-quality evidence to support the benefit of low incidence of hypotension of remimazolam.
Clinical Evaluation of Resin Infiltration Treatment Effect on Hypomineralised Enamel Surfaces
Authors: Altan Halenur , Yılmaz Rabia Erağca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Resin infiltration is a minimally invasive treatment for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). It was aimed to evaluate changes in the degree of mineralisation, colour, and size of MIH lesions after resin infiltration treatment in permanent teeth.Methods: A total of 116 permanent central incisors in 37 patients were included in the study. resin infiltration treatment (Icon®) was applied to the teeth with MIH; the healthy teeth received no treatment (control). Lesions were evaluated before; immediately after; and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Degree of mineralisation, changes in lesion colour, and lesion size were evaluated using the laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent Pen), spectrophotometer (VITA EasyShade), and cross polarisation photography, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: Degree of mineralisation values before treatment were significantly higher than posttreatment times (p < 0.05). In the treatment group, lesion areas decreased significantly after treatment (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Considering the degree of mineralisation, changes in colour, and size of MIH lesions, resin infiltration is a clinically effective treatment for MIH lesions, with stable outcomes after 6 months.Trial registrationThe protocol was registered at Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04685889).
Elevation of cAMP upregulates Cav1.2 expression and promotes odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: JIN Changlong , JU Yanqin , Zhao Shouliang , XIE Han 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising cellular sources in dental tissue engineering. Although studies have reported that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Cav1.2 played important roles in the differentiation of stem cells, the relation between cAMP and Cav1.2 in the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs still remained unclear. This study hypothesized that elevating cAMP contributed to the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by regulating Cav1.2 expression. Here, Forskolin was used to activate cAMP and Nimodipine was used to inhibit Cav1.2. This study firstly screened out the safety concentrations of Forskolin and Nimodipine by CCK-8 proliferation assay. Following, Forskolin was used to elevate cAMP during odontogeinic differentiation of hDPSCs. qPCR was performed to compare the odontogenic differentiation-related gene expression between groups. The odontogenic mineralization was evaluated by Alizarin Red Staining. Subsequently, in order to investigate the relation between cAMP and Cav1.2, hDPSCs was treated with Nimodipine in one hour before Forskolin adding. Finally, Alizarin Red Staining and qPCR were performed to observe mineralized deposit formation and the Cav1.2 together with odongenic related gene expression in each group. Results showed that Forskolin promoted the formation of mineralized nodules in hDPSCs. The expression of odontogenic related genes (ALP, RUNX2, OSX, BMP2, DSPP) and Cav1.2 were also upregulated after 14 days of odontogenic induction. Nimodipine inhibited the odontogenic differentiation and attenuated the promoting effect of Forskolin during the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The above results suggested that the elevation of cAMP could upregulate Cav1.2 expression and significantly promote odongenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
Comparison of Quality of Life in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and conservative management in Johannesburg, South Africa: a cross-sectional, descriptive study
Authors: Mathew Neelu , Davies Malcolm , Kaldine Feroza , Cassimjee Zaheera 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Mental health and quality of life are under-appreciated clinical targets which affect patient and modality survival. Lack of dialysis slot availability in the resource-constrained public health sector in South Africa, results in assignment to treatment modalities without regard to effects on these parameters. We assessed the effect of dialysis modality, demographic and laboratory parameters on mental health and quality of life measurements.Methods: Size-matched voluntary cohorts were recruited from patients on haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and patients on conservative management (with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 20mL/min/1.73m2), between September 2020 and March 2021. Responses to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-SF36) questionnaires and demographic and baseline laboratory parameters were compared between treatment modalities using the Student t-test and Pearson Chi-square test. Linear regression was used to test for independent effect where significant difference was observed.Results: HADS anxiety score was highest (p < 0.001) and KDQOL-SF36 emotional wellbeing was poorer in HD (p < 0.001). Social functioning (p = 0.011) and physical limitation due to pain (p = 0.030) were poorer in PD. Unemployment (p = 0.044) was more frequent in HD; fewer PD patients required a social support grant (p = 0.008). Significant independent effect was found for age (p = 0.009), employment (p = 0.007), and haemoglobin (Hb) (p = 0.025) on anxiety; HD worsened (p = 0.037) and PD improved (p = 0.007) anxiety. Unemployment (p < 0.001) and low Hb (p = 0.018) worsened depression. PD improved (p= 0.002) and HD worsened (p < 0.001) emotional well-being. PD worsened social functioning (p = 0.002). PD (p = 0.007) and higher phosphate (p = 0.022) worsened and HD (p = 0.01) and higher Hb (p = 0.02) improved physical discomfort / pain.Conclusion: Advanced chronic kidney disease increases anxiety and depression and limits quality of life. Peritoneal dialysis improves mental health and emotional wellbeing and preserves the ability to undertake economic activity but limits social functioning and causes greater physical discomfort. Targeting haemoglobin and phosphate may ameliorate modality effects on mental health and quality of life.
First-in-human diagnostic study of hepatic steatosis with computed ultrasound tomography in echo mode (CUTE)
Authors: Stähli Patrick , Becchetti Chiara , Martiartu Naiara Korta , Berzigotti Annalisa , Frenz Martin , Jaeger Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is rapidly emerging as the leading global cause of chronic liver disease. Efficient disease management requires low-cost, noninvasive techniques for diagnosing hepatic steatosis accurately. Here we propose quantifying liver speed-of-sound (SoS) with computed US tomography in echo mode (CUTE), a newly developed US imaging modality adapted to clinical pulse-echo systems. CUTE reconstructs the spatial distribution of SoS by measuring local echo phase shifts when probing tissue at different steering angles in transmission and reception. This first-in-human phase II study shows that liver CUTE-SoS estimates correlate strongly (r=-0.84, p=8.27∙10-13) with controlled attenuation parameter values, a commonly used tool for assessing liver steatosis, and have 90.9% (95% confidence interval: 84 - 100%) sensitivity and 95.5% (81 - 100%) specificity for differentiating normal and significantly steatotic livers. Because CUTE offers the same flexibility as conventional US imaging, it can be readily extended to other clinical applications, establishing it as a new quantitative add-on to diagnostic US.
Nephroangiosclerosis not related to hypertension: a matter to resolve in the era of precision medicine.
Authors: Gigante Antonietta , Lai silvia , Pellicano Chiara , De Marco Oriana , Rosato Edoardo , Giannakakis Konstantinos , D'Amati Giulia , Muscaritoli Maurizio , Ferri Claudio , Cianci Rosario 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nephroangiosclerosis (NAS) associated with hypertension continues to be one of the most causes of end stage renal diseases in Europe, but it is still poorly studied. The prevalence of NAS shows a large variability due to the difference among different countries regarding clinical presentations and the indication to perform renal biopsy. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence in biopsy-proven NAS patients and the association with hypertension and/or glomerulonephritis (GN). We included all patients referred for native kidney biopsy between 2003–2021 at Policlinic Umberto I of Rome. From 837 patients who underwent renal biopsy NAS was diagnosed in 80 (10.5%) patients. Serum creatinine was significantly higher in NAS [2.07 mg/dl (IQR 1.13–5.2) vs 1.1 mg/dl (IQR 0.8–2.1), p < 0.001] compared to patients without NAS. Hypertension was present in 45% of patients with NAS. Proteinuria was significantly higher in patients with mild-moderate NAS compared to patients with severe NAS [2.6 g/die (IQR 1–5) vs 1.5 g/die (IQR 0.86–2.3), p < 0.05]. We did not find any significant differences, including histological features, between NAS patients with hypertension and NAS patients without hypertension (p > 0.05). IgA nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy were the most frequent GN associated. In conclusion no specific feautures are reported in NAS with and without hypertension. More informations on the phenotype, clinical presentation and markers are needed to improve histological and clinical diagnostics.
Storm Surge Level Prediction Based on Improved NARX Neural Network
Authors: Li Lianbo , Wu Wenhao , Zhang Wenjun , Zhu Zhenyu , Li Zhengqian , Wang Yihan , Niu Sen , Wang Xinyi , Fu Yaoyao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The northern Gulf of Mexico coast is affected by the North Atlantic hurricane season, which brings serious economic losses to the southern U.S. every year; therefore, it is necessary to make an accurate advance prediction of storm surge level. In this paper, a prediction model has been constructed based on Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Exogenous (NARX) Neural Network. Five types of data are selected as the input factors of the model. A neuron pruning strategy based on sensitivity analysis is introduced. Moreover, a modular prediction method is introduced based on the tide harmonic analysis so as to make the prediction results more accurate. At last, a complete storm surge level prediction model, Pruned Modular (PM)-NARX, is constructed. In this paper, the model is trained by using historical data and used for storm surge level prediction along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast in 2020. The simulation test results show that the correlation coefficient is stable above 0.99 at 12 h in advance within one minute. The prediction speed, accuracy, and stability are higher than those of conventional models. The above can prove that the PM-NARX can effectively provide early warning before the storm surge to avoid property damage and human casualties.
Extreme Temperatures and Temperature-Duration-Frequency (TDF) Relationship in Australia
Authors: Chowdhury Rezaul , Chadalavada Sreenivasulu , Pakdel Hadis , McDougall Kevin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe frequency and severity of extreme temperatures are changing and therefore, the necessity for the development of design temperatures has emerged. Design temperatures in the form of temperature-duration-frequency (TDF) curves can be utilized to better understand the variability of extreme temperatures with respect to duration and recurrence levels. This study explored the presence/absence of trend and step change in extreme temperatures for nine locations across Australia. Frequency analysis of annual maximum temperatures from 1- to 15-day durations was performed using a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution under stationary and non-stationary conditions, where the parameters were estimated using the Monte Carlo Bayesian inference approach. Rising trend and step change were observed in Hobart, Adelaide, Perth, Darwin, Alice Springs, Sydney and Melbourne, but not identified in Cairns and Brisbane. Lower variability in design temperatures was found in Cairns and Brisbane, as well as in Darwin and Alice Springs. In contrast, high variability was observed in Sydney and Melbourne, and high design temperatures are reflected in Adelaide and Perth. The approach followed in this study can be applied to any location for TDF curves development and can be utilised to support health risk management of heatwaves, design of infrastructures where temperature related changes may impact the infrastructure, and for preparedness for natural hazards like droughts and bushfires.