bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting habitat suitability for Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Finland
Authors: Uusitalo Ruut , Siljander Mika , Lindén Andreas , Sormunen Jani J. , Aalto Juha , Hendrickx Guy , Kallio Eva , Vajda Andrea , Gregow Hilppa , Henttonen Heikki , Marsboom Cedric , Korhonen Essi M. , Sironen Tarja , Pellikka Petri , Vapalahti Olli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTicks are responsible for transmitting several notable pathogens worldwide. Finland lies in a zone where two human-biting tick species co-occur:IxodesricinusandIxodespersulcatus. Tick densities have increased in boreal regions worldwide during past decades, and tick-borne pathogens have been identified as one of the major threats to public health in the face of climate change.MethodsWe used species distribution modelling techniques to predict the distributions ofI.ricinusandI.persulcatus,using aggregated historical data from 2014 to 2020 and new tick occurrence data from 2021. By aiming to fill the gaps in tick occurrence data, we created a new sampling strategy across Finland. We also screened for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) andBorreliafrom the newly collected ticks. Climate, land use and vegetation data, and population densities of the tick hosts were used in various combinations on four data sets to estimate tick species’ distributions across mainland Finland with a 1-km resolution.ResultsIn the 2021 survey, 89 new locations were sampled of which 25 new presences and 63 absences were found forI.ricinusand one new presence and 88 absences forI.persulcatus. A total of 502 ticks were collected and analysed; no ticks were positive for TBEV, while 56 (47%) of the 120 pools, including adult, nymph, and larva pools, were positive forBorrelia(minimum infection rate 11.2%, respectively). Our prediction results demonstrate that two combined predictor data sets based on ensemble mean models yielded the highest predictive accuracy for bothI.ricinus(AUC = 0.91, 0.94) andI.persulcatus(AUC = 0.93, 0.96). The suitable habitats forI.ricinuswere determined by higher relative humidity, air temperature, precipitation sum, and middle-infrared reflectance levels and higher densities of white-tailed deer, European hare, and red fox. ForI.persulcatus, locations with greater precipitation and air temperature and higher white-tailed deer, roe deer, and mountain hare densities were associated with higher occurrence probabilities. Suitable habitats forI.ricinusranged from southern Finland up to Central Ostrobothnia and North Karelia, excluding areas in Ostrobothnia and Pirkanmaa. ForI.persulcatus, suitable areas were located along the western coast from Ostrobothnia to southern Lapland, in North Karelia, North Savo, Kainuu, and areas in Pirkanmaa and Päijät-Häme.ConclusionsThis is the first study conducted in Finland that estimates potential tick species distributions using environmental and host data. Our results can be utilized in vector control strategies, as supporting material in recommendations issued by public health authorities, and as predictor data for modelling the risk for tick-borne diseases.
Locality sensitive hashing-aware fruit fly optimization algorithm and its application in edge server placement
Authors: Cao Qian , Liu Bo , Jin Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs is well known that the global optimization ability of the Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA)is weak because it is easy to fall into local optimum. In this paper, a Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm based on Locality Sensitive Hashing-aware (LSHFOA)was proposed. The locality sensitive hashing mechanism to optimize the generation mechanism for swarm population individuals was used, which can improve the individual diversity of the population. Meanwhile, when the fruit fly population falls into the local optimum, the locality sensitive hashing mechanism was adopted to change the population location, which is used for jumping out of local optimal limits. To verify the performance of LSHFOA, it was compared with FOA and its improvement algorithms CFOA, and IFFO with 8 representative benchmark functions. A large number of experimental results showed that LSHFOA has a faster convergence speed and higher precision of optimization for function optimization, especially in high-dimensional multi-peak functions. In addition to the theoretical evaluation, we also evaluate its performance in a real-world scenario. Generally, an edge computing environment, as an extension of cloud computing, can allow the users to access the network in a low-latency manner. In this way, to capture the high-speed convergence advantage, this paper makes the first attempt to tackle a classic research problem in the edge computing environment, i.e., the edge server placement problem. The experimental results show that the new algorithm has an excellent application effect.
The Mineralocorticoid Receptor Functions as a Key Glucose Regulator in the Skeletal Muscle of Zebrafish
Authors: Faught Erin , Vijayan Mathilakath M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential for maintaining energy homeostasis as part of the adaptive stress response. Most work to date has characterized the metabolic role of GCs via the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1; GR), which is activated under high GC conditions. However, GCs also bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor (nr3c2; MR), a high-affinity corticosteroid receptor active under basal GC conditions. Despite the expression of MR in skeletal muscles, almost nothing is known about its physiological role. Here we tested the hypothesis that the MR promotes anabolic processes during resting cortisol levels and curtails the catabolic actions of the GR during high (stressed) levels of cortisol. To determine the effect of MR, a zebrafish line with a ubiquitous MR knockout (MRca402/ca402) was utilized. The GR was activated in the same group by chronically treating fish with exogenous cortisol. In the muscle, MR primarily promoted nutrient storage, and restricted energy substrate mobilization under resting conditions, whereas GR activation resulted in increased nutrient utilization. Interestingly, MR loss improved GR-driven metabolic flexibility, suggesting that the activation state of these receptors is a key determinant of skeletal muscle ability to switch fuel sources. To determine if the anabolism-promoting nature of MR was due to an interaction with insulin, fish were co-injected with insulin and the fluorescent glucose analogue 2-NBDG. A loss of MR abolished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle. Taken together, we postulate that MR acts as a key modulator of glucose metabolism in the musculature during basal and stress conditions.
Human stem cell models to study placode development, function and pathology
Authors: Conti Eleonora , Harschnitz Oliver 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Placodes are embryonic structures originating from the rostral ectoderm that give rise to highly diverse organs and tissues, comprising the anterior pituitary gland, paired sense organs and cranial sensory ganglia. Their development, including the underlying gene regulatory networks and signalling pathways, have been for the most part characterised in animal models. In this Review, we describe how placode development can be recapitulated by the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells towards placode progenitors and their derivatives, highlighting the value of this highly scalable platform as an optimal in vitro tool to study the development of human placodes, and identify human-specific mechanisms in their development, function and pathology.
Hypoxia-Induced CD36 Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis via Fatty Acid Uptake
Authors: Aoki Tatsuya , Kinoshita Jun , Munesue Seiichi , Hamabe-Horiike Toshihide , Yamaguchi Takahisa , Nakamura Yusuke , Okamoto Koichi , Moriyama Hideki , Nakamura Keishi , Harada Shinichi , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Inaki Noriyuki , Fushida Sachio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The lipid scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) has been shown to have a pro-metastatic function in several cancers. Adipose tissue, a favorable site for peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer (GC), promotes this process by providing free fatty acids (FFAs); however, the role of CD36 in PM progression from GC remains to be elucidated.

Materials and Methods
We evaluated CD36 expression in the GC cells under various conditions. CD36 overexpressing (CD36OE) MKN45 cells were prepared and their migration and invasive properties were assessed. A PM mouse model was used to investigate the biological effects of palmitic acid (PA) and CD36. Furthermore, we examined the clinical role of CD36 expression in 82 human PM samples by immunohistochemical staining.

Results
Hypoxia markedly increased CD36 expression in GC cells. In normoxia, only CD36OE MKN45 cells treated with PA showed an increase in migration and invasion abilities. An increased expression of active Rac1 and Cdc42 was observed, which decreased following etomoxir treatment. Conversely, hypoxia increased those capacities of both vector and CD36OE MKN45 cells. In a mouse model transplanted with CD36OE MKN45 cells, more peritoneal tumors were observed in the high-fat diet group than those in the normal diet group. In clinical samples, 80% of PM lesions expressed CD36, consistent with hypoxic regions, indicating a significant association with prognosis.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that a hypoxia in the peritoneal cavity induces CD36 expression in GC cells, which contributes to PM through the uptake of FFAs.
GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS, CORRUPTION, AND DECISION-MAKING IN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
Authors: Pereira Lopes Júnior Elias , Façanha Câmara Samuel , Roberto Pinto Francisco 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify if there is a difference in decision making behavior of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) when exposed to different scenarios of corruption and government effectiveness. The research used the difference-in-differences technique with 96,114 observations of companies from 31 countries. The results obtained in this study exposed the differences in the behavior of SOEs when facing different scenarios, as proposed in the analytical framework. Thus, it is possible to say that SOEs located in countries of high levels of corruption may work differently, considering the levels of government effectiveness. In environments of high effectiveness, SOEs increase long-term expenditures, spending more and building a context where it is more difficult to perceive the diversion of funds. Issues of government effectiveness and corruption have been addressed, however, little attention has been paid to cross-country comparisons considering the effectiveness of governments and levels of corruption.
Clinical profile of children with posterior urethral valve at Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Yamin Rabia , Moorani Khemchand , Shaikh Mehmood , Yamin Sidra 
Published: August 2022

Background & Objective: Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) are common cause of congenital obstructive uropathy in boys and may be associated with urinary tract infection(UTI) and chronic kidney disease(CKD) if not managed timely. The objective of our study was to determine the clinical profile of children with PUV.
Methods: This is a descriptive case series comprising of 30 children aged 1-5 years, diagnosed and managed as PUV over six months, conducted at the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi. Patients were followed for 12 weeks and the outcome was assessed in terms of recovery, UTI, urinary incontinence and CKD. Descriptive statics were used for data analysis.
Results: Thirty cases of PUV were managed during study period. Clinical presentations were poor urinary stream (83%), fever (73%), signs and symptom suggesting UTI (96.6%), pallor (73.3%), acute kidney injury (37%)and urinary retention (13%). UTI was confirmed in 73.3 % and E.Coli was the most common pathogen. Ultrasonography showed bilateral hydronephrosis/hydroureter in 80% and micturating cystourethrogram demonstrated vesicoureteral reflux in 86.66% cases. All patients received intravenous hydration (97%), urinary decompression, and antibiotics. Meropenem was the most commonly used. Packed cell transfusion and peritoneal dialysis was done in 73.33% and 13.3% respectively. Cystoscopic valve fulguration was done in 86.66% and vesicostomy in 13.3%. On short-term follow-up, 60% recovered,16.66% experienced UTI and remained incontinent whereas 23.33% had CKD.
Conclusion: Our study showed a high frequency of UTI and AKI. E. coli was most common pathogen. Despite valve fulgration, significant patients had CKD.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5823
How to cite this:Yamin R, Moorani K, Shaikh M, Yamin S. Clinical profile of children with posterior urethral valve at Tertiary Care Center. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):1821-1826. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5823
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Barriers to EU mobility: Facilitating mobility of workers in the EU
Authors: Shkembi Anxhela 
Published: August 2022

Free movement of workers within the European Union is the second fundamental principle of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and one of the four freedoms enjoyed by the European citizens. Its main objective is to enhance the living standard of each individual but also of European society in general. However, even though the free movement of European workers provides citizens with plenty of opportunities, mobility rates are particularly low. By all the EU citizens of working age in 2020, only 3.3% resided in an EU country apart from that of their own citizenship in accordance with Eurostat. Under those circumstances, a few policy ideas are provided in order to boost the mobility of EU workers:

Access to extended and more valid information
More effective response by the Commission when it comes to the breach of the Directive
More effective management of petitions
Reinforcement of SOLVIT
Adaptation of national legislation to the Directive
Removal of unnecessary hurdles
New framework of cooperation between member states

The scope of this policy paper is to delve deeper into the factors that hinder the movement of European citizens and to provide some policy ideas which could facilitate this procedure.
Relationships between plasma levels of main adaptogene hormones and EEG & HRV parameters at human with dysadaptation
Authors: Korda Mykhaylo , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Fihura Oksana , Popovych Dariya , Żukow Xawery , Popovych Igor 
Published: August 2022

Background. The immunoneuroendocrinology became the foundation of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology. The focus of research was on the relationships between EEG and HRV parameters, EEG&HRV and leukocytogram, phagocytosis, cellular and humoral immunity as well as between changes in these parameters under the influence of adaptogenic factors Truskavets’ spa. The purpose of this study is relationships between plasma levels of major adaptogene hormones and EEG&HRV parameters at human with dysadaptation. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were 10 women 33-76 y and 10 men 37-67 y without a clinical diagnosis, but with the deviations from the norm in a number of parameters of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex as a manifestation of dysadaptation. Parameters of EEG and HRV as well as hormones levels before and after a one-week course of drinking of Naftussya bioactive water registered. Results. Using the method of canonical correlation analysis, it was found that the level of triiodothyronine is determined by the constellation of 17 EEGs and 4 HRVs parameters by 87,5%. The rate of determination of the cortisol level by 14 EEGs and 3 HRVs parameters is 83,7%, and aldosterone by the other 14 EEGs and 3 HRVs parameters is 80,0%. Neuromodulation of testosterone and calcitonin levels is characterized by sexual dimorphism. With the same coefficients of determination (92,4%), the regression model for testosteroneemia in women included 15 EEGs parameters and no HRV parameters, instead testosteroneemia in men is modulated by other 11 EEGs parameters and one HRV parameter. The level of calcitonin in women is determined by 86,2% by the constellation of 9 EEGs and 2 HRVs parameters, while in men by 83,5% by the other 5 EEGs and 4 HRVs parameters. Conclusion. Plasma levels of the main adaptation hormones are accompanied by specific patterns of EEG and HRV parameters.
Protecting mental health and wellbeing in dentistry
Authors: Khwaja Mahrukh 
Published: August 2022

Dentist Dr Mahrukh Khwaja saw what a toxic culture in dentistry looks likes when she worked as a dental nurse. Here, she talks about why she's championing open discussions to make positive change. Aim To gain an understanding of how good communication aids wellbeing, happiness and productivity in the dental workplace Objectives To identify ways of creating a working environment of trust To evaluate the impact of stress, burnout and long hours amid a cost of living crisis and understand the importance of evidence of efficacy regarding toolkits available to help dental professionals To identify methods in which practice teams can help to prevent and/or support the wellbeing of dental nurses
Effects of early rehabilitation on motor function, dyspnoea intensity, respiratory muscle performance and handgrip strength in patients with COVID-19: an observational study
Authors: Polastri Massimiliano , Carbonara Paolo , Prediletto Irene , Gardini Aldo , Venturoli Francesca , Tagariello Federico , Neri Lucia , Carpano Marco , Pacilli Angela Maria Grazia , Nava Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims Although an increasing volume of research is emerging, rehabilitative treatment of patients with COVID-19 still continues to be a matter of great importance that must be explored further. The purpose of the present study was to describe the effects of inpatient rehabilitation in acute patients treated in a sub-intensive hospital setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted based on the prospectively collected data of 192 patients with COVID-19 undergoing a physiotherapeutic regimen during their hospitalisation. Patients were admitted because of COVID-19-related pneumonia from the periods of 25 March–12 June 2020 and 2 November 2020–9 June 2021. This study investigated dyspnoea intensity using the modified Borg scale, motor function through the 1-minute sit-to-stand test, and daily walked distance. In a subset of 57 patients, handgrip strength and respiratory muscle function was also evaluated. Measurements were taken at baseline and discharge. Results Patients were classified according to the severity of their ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (mean 225 ± 82 mmHg). At discharge to home or to another hospital facility, patients performed a mean of 12 repetitions (1-minute sit-to-stand test); dyspnoea intensity was 1.4 (modified Borg scale), and they were able to walk a mean distance of 266.7 metres. The mean handgrip strength of the dominant hand was 29.3 kg, the maximal inspiratory pressure was 43.5 cmH2O, and the maximal expiratory pressure was 59.1 cmH2O. Overall, significant differences before and after treatment were detected for all clinical variables. Dyspnoea improved by 0.7 points; walked distance by 200 metres; the number of repetitions at the 1-minute sit-to-stand test by 5.6; the handgrip strength by 1.2 kg (right hand) and 1.7 kg (left hand); maximal inspiratory pressure by 7.7 cmH2O; and maximal expiratory pressure by 9.5 cmH2O. Conclusions Patients obtained significant improvements in functional capacity, dyspnoea perception, handgrip strength and respiratory muscle function. In addition, the treatment was feasible and well tolerated by patients, and no adverse related events were observed in a sub-intensive care setting.
PERCEPÇÃO DE FUNCIONÁRIOS DE APOIO DA MATERNIDADE SOBRE O ACOLHIMENTO À MULHER EM TRABALHO DE PARTO
Authors: Santa Clara de Freitas Jeane 
Published: August 2022

A atenção no trabalho de parto e parto é uma das vertentes das ações de cuidado à saúde da mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperal, que precisa de um olhar atento das profissões de saúde, em especial da Enfermagem, que acompanha mulher, feto/recém-nascido e família desde o planejamento familiar até o pós-parto.
Optimization of a leaky plasmonic metal–insulator–metal nanopillar array for low concentration biosensing applications
Authors: Nandi Dipanjan , Islam Md. Zahurul , Gupta Manisha 
Published: August 2022

The research focuses on optimization of a leaky metal–insulator–metal (MIM) nanopillar array design for the detection of sub-100 nm viruses. Here we have explored different MIM nanopillar and array geometries along with the insulator layer material to tune the plasmonic field leakage. For the optimized design, we observe a sensitivity of the surface refractive index change of

−

101.68

n
m

R
I
U

−
1

. Using 100 nm diameter polystyrene particles, a sensitivity of 17.66 nm/decade was achieved with a detection limit of one particle. The optimized structures thus demonstrate a homogeneous surface sensitivity over a large active sensing area for sub-100 nm virus detection.
The association between sleeping behavior, obesity, psychological depression, and eating habits among adolescents in the emirate of Abu Dhabi–United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al Dweik Rania , Sheble Yousef , Ramadan Hiba , Issa Haneen , Sheble Abdullah 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The study aimed to investigate the association between sleeping behavior (specifically sleep duration), body mass index (BMI), eating habits, and psychological mood depression among adolescents in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi- UAE.

Methods and materials
A subsample of three hundred and ninety-five participants (209 females and 186 males) from middle and high schools (aged 12–18 years) in the emirate of Abu Dhabi completed the surveys in the presence of their parents and two research assistants. Measures of daytime sleepiness and other sleep parameters (sleep duration on weekdays and weekends), eating habits, and mood depression questionnaires were reported.

Results
Differences in BMI between males and females were statistically significant (26.12 ± 4.5 vs. 24.4 ± 4.3; p < 0.01). There was a negative linear association (p < 0.01) between the students’ BMI and the weekday/ weekend sleep duration. The average weekday and weekend sleep duration ranged from 5.7 hours (weekdays) to 9.3 hours(weekend). The study showed that an increase in BMI was correlated to mood depression (r = 0.396, p<0.01). In terms of eating habits, there was a significant association between eating unhealthy food and sleep duration; 72.6% of students who slept less than 6 hours reported unhealthy eating habits (p <0.05).

Conclusion
The study showed a clear association between short sleep duration and obesity among adolescents in the UAE. This relationship between sleep duration and obesity is less studied and less understandable. Future research about exploring how sleeping behaviors can affect obesity during adolescence can support understanding this association and create an effective intervention.
Iterative solution of elliptic equations
Authors: Korman Philip , Schmidt Dieter 
Published: August 2022

We reduce solution of the Dirichlet problem (x∈D⊂Rm)Δu(x)+a(x)u(x)=f(x)in D,u=0on ∂Dto iterative solution of a simpler problemΔu=f(x)in D,u=0on ∂D,for which one can use either Fourier series or Green's function method. The method is suitable for numerical computations, particularly when one uses Newton's method for semilinear problemsΔu+g(x,u)=0in D,u=0on ∂D,.