bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant, antifungal, and aphicidal activity of the triterpenoids spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol from leaves of Citrullus colocynthis L.
Authors: Ahmed Maqsood , Sajid Allah Rakha , Javeed Ansar , Aslam Muhammad , Ahsan Taswar , Hussain Dilbar , Mateen Abdul , Li Xiuwei , Qin Peiwen , Ji Mingshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTerpenoids from natural plant sources are valuable for their diverse biological activities that have important roles in the medical and agrochemical industries. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant, antifungal, and aphicidal activities of a mixture of spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol from the leaves of Citrullus colocynthis. We used 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to assess antioxidant activity, and we measured antifungal activity using mycelium growth inhibition assays with three pathogenic fungi, Magnaporthe grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Phytophthora infestans. Aphicidal activity against adults of Myzus persicae was determined using in vitro and in vivo assays. Spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, even at lower concentrations: 19.98% at 0.78 µg mL−1, 31.52% at 3.0 µg mL−1, 36.61% at 12.5 µg mL−1, and 49.76% at 50 µg mL−1. Spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol showed reasonable levels of fungicidal activity toward R. solani and M. grisea, with EC50 values of 129.5 and 206.1 µg mL−1, respectively. The positive controls boscalid and carbendazim were highly effective against all fungi except boscalid for M. grisea (EC50 = 868 µg mL−1) and carbendazim for P. infestans (EC50 = 8721 µg mL−1). Significant insecticidal activity was observed in both residual and greenhouse assays, with LC50 values of 42.46, 54.86, and 180.9 µg mL−1 and 32.71, 42.46, and 173.8 µg mL−1 at 72, 48, and 24 h, respectively. The antioxidant activity of spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol was strongly positively correlated with their antifungal and insecticidal activity. Spinasterol and 22,23-dihydrospinasterol therefore show good antioxidant and aphicidal activity with moderate fungicidal activity, making them suitable candidates for an alternative to synthetic agents.
Common ground type five level inverter with voltage boosting for PV applications
Authors: Sathik M. Jagabar , Almakhles Dhafer J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe boost-switched capacitor inverter topology with reduced leakage current is highly suitable for distributed photovoltaic power generation with a transformerless structure. This paper presents a single-stage 5-level (5L) transformerless inverter with common ground (CG) topology for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic application. A generalized version of the proposed topology is also presented. The proposed topologies are derived by combining the dc/dc boost converter and switched capacitor cell. The primary focus has been given to the 5L version of the proposed topology. The number of switch counts is reduced, the maximum voltage gain is four times, and the inrush current is suppressed due to the input inductor configuration. Also, the voltages across the switched capacitors (SCs) are self-balanced. The negative source terminal and the load are connected directly to suppress the leakage current. It is thoroughly compared with other recent CG-Type topologies to attest to the advantages of the proposed topology. The laboratory prototype is developed for 600 W with the maximum efficiency is 94.21%, and the maximum source current is not more than 25A. Further, the operation of the proposed topology is verified under dynamic loading conditions, and the results are presented.
BMI, sex and outcomes in hospitalised patients in western Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lindgren Martin , Toska Triantafyllia , Alex Christian , Lundberg Christina E. , Cronie Ottmar , Rosengren Annika , Adiels Martin , Sjöland Helen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh body mass index (BMI) is associated with severe COVID-19 but findings regarding the need of intensive care (IC) and mortality are mixed. Using electronic health records, we identified all patients in western Sweden hospitalised with COVID-19 to evaluate 30-day mortality or assignment to IC. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes. Of totally 9761 patients, BMI was available in 7325 (75%), included in the study. There was a marked inverse association between BMI and age (underweight and normal weight patients were on average 78 and 75 years, whereas overweight and obese were 68 and 62 years). While older age, male sex and several comorbidities associated with higher mortality after multivariable adjustment, BMI did not. However, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.21–1.75) was associated with need of IC; this association was restricted to women (BMI ≥ 30; OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.41–2.73), and not significant in men; OR 1.22 (95% CI 0.97–1.54). In this comprehensive hospital population with COVID-19, BMI was not associated with 30-day mortality risk. Among the obese, women, but not men, had a higher risk of assignment to IC.
Subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for reconstructing the large eyelid defect due to excision of malignancies or trauma
Authors: Wang Xiao-Ni , Tang Yu-Xi , Guo Tao , Hu Hai-Dong , Ma Qiang , Yu Bao-Fu , Zhao Xiang-Dong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLarge eyelid defect after excision of malignancies or trauma is difficult to reconstruct due to special structure and function of the eyelid. In this study, we aimed to present the outcomes of subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for reconstructing the large eyelid defect after excision of malignancies or trauma. A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with eyelid defect due to excision of malignancies or trauma, and undergoing subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for reconstructing the large eyelid defect, was conducted at our hospital. The clinical data were collected and analyzed. A total of 15 patients were included in the cases series. Nine patients were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma, 3 patients with epidermoid carcinoma, and 3 patients with trauma. All the defects were successfully covered with this designed flap. There was no flap necrosis in all the cases. No functional problems were observed in all of the cases. At long-term postoperative follow-up, the average score of patients’ satisfaction was good. This subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap is a feasible alternative technique for reconstructing the large eyelid defect after excision of malignancies or trauma. This flap option could avoid the use of free flaps for large defect.
Impact of alkaline-earth doping on electronic properties of the photovoltaic perovskite CsSnI3: insights from a DFT perspective
Authors: Ornelas-Cruz Iván , González Israel , Pilo Jorge , Trejo Alejandro , Oviedo-Roa Raúl , Cruz-Irisson Miguel 
Published: March 2022

Doping the photovoltaic perovskite material CsSnI3 with alkaline-earth species (such as Mg or Ca) could hinder the oxidation of Sn(ii) to the more stable Sn(iv), and the resulted compounds could still be suitable for single-junction solar cells.
Clinical Case Study: Space Occupying Vocal Fold Lesions
Authors: Gillespie Amanda I. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe a typical clinical course and to provide acoustic, aerodynamic, auditory-perceptual, and stroboscopic assessment of a patient with bilateral mid-membranous vocal fold lesions.

Conclusions:
The patient presented to clinic with stroboscopic evidence of phonotraumatic true vocal fold tissue changes. Her acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual voice evaluation also revealed values outside of the normal range. She demonstrated good ability to improve the sound and feel of her voice in response to therapeutic probes, indicating she was a good candidate for behavioral voice therapy, thus behavioral treatment was recommended as a first approach.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19371911
A fully‐dynamic 6‐bit 3‐bit/cycle SAR ADC with a single differential DAC
Authors: Zhuang Haoyu , Li Qiang , Sun Nan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a fully‐dynamic 6‐bit 3‐bit/cycle SAR ADC. Unlike the prior multi‐bit/cycle SAR ADCs that require several differential DACs or consume static power, the proposed SAR ADC needs only one differential DAC and is fully‐dynamic. This helps reduce the circuit complexity, the ADC input capacitance, and the power consumption. Furthermore, its comparator outputs are directly fed back to the DAC array, without any complicated logics, which further reduces complexity. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure.
Multi‐objective optimization design of the large‐scale high‐intensity homogeneous magnetic field coil system based on non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II)
Authors: Zhu Boliang , Lu Yiwei , Yang Yong , Zhang Ming , Jiang Li , Wang Shusheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the development of modern tokamak devices, the magnetic interference problem has become increasingly serious. On considering the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), for example, the stray magnetic field around the tokamak device will be over 200 mT. To ensure the reliable operation of the electrical and electronic equipment installed around the tokamak, the magnetic immunity test becomes a mandatory requirement. Generally, a set of coils is employed to realize the required test field. Since the coil power loss and conductor mass are proportional to the dimension and intensity of the test field, optimization design is of great significance. This paper presents the multi‐objective optimization design of a large‐scale high‐intensity homogeneous magnetic field coil system. The analytical model of the multi‐coil system is proposed, and the constrained multi‐objective optimization model is established based on the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Taking the ITER test coil as an example, the optimization design is performed and the Pareto‐front is figured out. The designed four‐coil system enables the magnetic field immunity tests for equipment within 1 m side‐length at a highest test level of 275 mT with a magnetic field inhomogeneity of 1.05. The validity of the proposed model is verified by the finite element analysis and experimental tests.
An approximate recipe of chromospheric radiative losses for solar flares
Authors: Hong J. , Carlsson M. , Ding M. D. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Radiative losses in the chromosphere are very important for the energy balance of the Sun. There have been efforts to make simple lookup tables for chromospheric radiative losses in the quiet Sun. During solar flares, the atmospheric conditions are quite different, and the currently available recipe is constructed from semi-empirical models. How these recipes work in flare conditions remains to be evaluated.
Aims. We aim to construct an approximate recipe of chromospheric radiative losses for solar flares.
Methods. We tabulate the optically thin radiative loss, escape probability, and ionization fraction using a grid of flare models from radiative hydrodynamic simulations as our dataset.
Results. We provide new lookup tables to calculate chromospheric radiative losses for flares. Compared with previous recipes, our recipe provides a better approximation of the detailed radiative losses for flares.
Convolutional neural networks as an alternative to Bayesian retrievals for interpreting exoplanet transmission spectra
Authors: Ardévol Martínez F. , Min M. , Kamp I. , Palmer P. I. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Exoplanet observations are currently analysed with Bayesian retrieval techniques to constrain physical and chemical properties of their atmospheres. Due to the computational load of the models used to analyse said observations, a compromise is usually needed between model complexity and computing time. Analyses of observational data from future facilities, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), will require more complex models, and this will increase the computational load of retrievals, prompting the search for a faster approach for interpreting exoplanet observations.
Aims. Our goal is to compare machine learning retrievals of exoplanet transmission spectra with nested sampling (Bayesian retrieval) and to understand if machine learning can be as reliable as a Bayesian retrieval for a statistically significant sample of spectra while being orders of magnitude faster.
Methods. We generated grids of synthetic transmission spectra and their corresponding planetary and atmospheric parameters, with one using free chemistry models and the other using equilibrium chemistry models. Each grid was subsequently rebinned to simulate both Hubble Space Telescope, Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), and JWST Near-InfraRed Spectrograph observations, yielding four datasets in total. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were trained with each of the datasets. We performed retrievals for a set of 1000 simulated observations for each combination of model type and instrument with nested sampling and machine learning. We also used both methods to perform retrievals for real WFC3 transmission spectra of 48 exoplanets. Additionally, we carried out experiments to test how robust machine learning and nested sampling are against incorrect assumptions in our models.
Results. Convolutional neural networks reached a lower coefficient of determination between predicted and true values of the parameters. Neither CNNs nor nested sampling systematically reached a lower bias for all parameters. Nested sampling underestimated the uncertainty in ~8% of retrievals, whereas CNNs correctly estimated the uncertainties. When performing retrievals for real WFC3 observations, nested sampling and machine learning agreed within 2σ for ~86% of spectra. When doing retrievals with incorrect assumptions, nested sampling underestimated the uncertainty in ~12% to ~41% of cases, whereas for the CNNs this fraction always remained below ~10%.
Monte Carlo simulation of sugar synthesis on icy dust particles intermittently irradiated by UV in a protoplanetary disk
Authors: Takehara Hitoshi , Shoji Daigo , Ida Shigeru 
Published: March 2022

Context. While synthesis of organic molecules in molecular clouds or protoplanetary disks is complex, observations of interstellar grains, analyses of carbonaceous chondrites, and UV photochemistry experiments are rapidly developing and are providing constraints on and clues to the complex organic molecule synthesis in space. This motivates us to construct a theoretical synthesis model.
Aims. We developed a new code to simulate global reaction sequences of organic molecules and apply it to sugar synthesis by intermittent UV irradiation on the surface of icy particles in a protoplanetary disk. Here we show the first results of our new simulation.
Methods. We applied a Monte Carlo method to select reaction sequences from all possible reactions, using the graph-theoretic matrix model for chemical reactions and modeling reactions on the icy particles during UV irradiation.
Results. We obtain results consistent with the organic molecules in carbonaceous chondrites and obtained by experiments, albeit through a different pathway from the conventional formose reactions previously suggested. During UV irradiation, loosely bonded O-rich large molecules are continuously created and destroyed. After UV irradiation is turned off, the ribose abundance rapidly increases through the decomposition of the large molecules via breakage of O−O bonds and replacements of C−OH by C−H to reach O/C = 1 for sugars. The sugar abundance is regulated mostly by the total atomic ratio H/O of starting materials, but not by their specific molecular forms. Deoxyribose is simultaneously synthesized, and most of the molecules end up in complexes with C-rich molecules.
Technology and Sleep Quality: Friend or Foe? Let the Exergames Come
into Play!
Authors: Rosa João Paulo Pereira , Gentil Paulo , Knechtle Beat , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Campos Mário Hebling , Vieira Carlos Alexendre , Andrade Marília Santos , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow sleep quality is associated with many health problems. Although physical
exercise is a nonpharmacological tool that positively impacts sleep quality,
there are many barriers (lack of energy, lack of motivation, lack of skills,
lack of resources, and fear of injury) for people to adopt an active lifestyle.
Exergames are an alternative way of physical exercise that are funnier and more
attractive than traditional forms of physical exercise and, therefore, has the
potential to increase adherence to a physical exercise program. Given that
previous studies showed that exergames presents similar physiological and
psychological outcomes to traditional forms of exercise, we aimed to discuss in
this narrative review potentials applications, limitations and perspectives of
using exergames to improve sleep quality.
Structural and magnetic properties of DyCrO3
Authors: Sibanda E. T. , Prinsloo A. R. E. , Sheppard C. J. , Mohanty P. 
Published: March 2022

In this contribution, the structural and magnetic properties of DyCrO3 are studied, along with the magnetocaloric effect in this compound. The susceptibility as a function of temperature, χ(T), indicates that DyCrO3 has a G-type antiferromagnetic behaviour with weak ferromagnetism below Néel temperature, TNCr, at 147.1 ± 0.1 K, attributed to the ordering of Cr moments. The Dy moments orders antiferromagnetically below the spin reorientation temperature TSR = 4.81 ± 0.04 K. The dependence of magnetization on the applied magnetic field, Mμ0H, shows a behaviour that corresponds to the χ(T) data. Arrott plots reflect the various magnetic orderings with a change in the gradient of the curves. For the first time, the magnetocaloric effect of sol-gel synthesized DyCrO3 is studied having an average particle size 215 ± 3 nm as obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Large magnetocaloric effects (MCE) are observed in the temperature range of 10 to 80 K for DyCrO3. The compound shows a relatively large magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) of 21 J.Kg−1.K−1 and relative cooling power (RCP) of 498 J.Kg−1 at 7 T and 10 K. Assuming the relations |ΔSmT,H|=a(H)n and RCP=CH1+1δ, with critical exponents n = 1 and δ → ∞ were obtained from the linearization, confirming the weak ferromagnetic behaviour.
Closed conformal Killing–Yano initial data
Authors: García-Parrado Alfonso , Khavkine Igor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Through an exhaustive search, we produce a five-parameter family of propagation identities for the closed conformal Killing–Yano (cCYK) equation on two-forms, which hold on an Einstein cosmological vacuum spacetime in any dimension n > 4. It is well-known that spacetimes admitting a non-degenerate two-form of this type are exhausted by the Kerr-NUT-(A)dS family of exact higher dimensional black hole solutions. As a consequence, we identify a set of necessary and sufficient conditions ensuring that the cosmological vacuum development of an initial data set for Einstein’s field equations admits a cCYK two-form. We refer to these conditions as closed conformal Killing–Yano initial data equations. The four-dimensional case is special and is treated separately, where we can also handle the conformal Killing–Yano equation without the closed condition.
Magnetotransport properties of the quantum spin Hall and quantum Hall states in an inverted HgTe/CdTe and InAs/GaSb quantum wells
Authors: Mawrie Alestin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The quantum spin Hall (QSH) states discovered in an inverted band of InAs/GaSb and HgTe/CdTe quantum wells categorize them among the very superior candidates for topological insulators. In the presence of a magnetic field, these QSH states persist up to a magnetic field equal to the critical field, beyond which the edge states would consist of normal quantum Hall (QH) states. We provide the expression of this critical field which is found consistent with some previous literature. The critical field partitioned the spectrum into two types of quantum states, viz, the QSH and QH states. We present a theoretical study of the magnetotransport properties based on the Bernevig–Hughes–Zhang Hamiltonian that describes these QSH states. Our results of the Hall conductivity show the different responses at these two different topological regions. Around the low Fermi energy level, the system has a high Hall conductivity in the QH region, while the same is less dominant in the QSH region. Our results of the Hall conductivity thus help differentiate the type topological phase of the given quantum well.
Field induced spin freezing and low temperature heat capacity of disordered pyrochlore oxide Ho2Zr2O7
Authors: Sheetal  , Elghandour A , Klingeler R , Yadav C S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spin ice materials are the model systems that have a zero-point entropy as T → 0 K, owing to the frozen disordered states. Here, we chemically alter the well-known spin ice Ho2Ti2O7 by replacing Ti sites with isovalent but larger Zr ion. Unlike the Ho2Ti2O7 which is a pyrochlore material, Ho2Zr2O7 crystallizes in disordered pyrochlore structure. We have performed detailed structural, ac magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity studies on Ho2Zr2O7 to investigate the interplay of structural disorder and frustrated interactions. The zero-field ground state exhibits large magnetic susceptibility and remains dynamic down to 300 mK without showing Pauling’s residual entropy. The dynamic state is suppressed continuously with the magnetic field and freezing transition evolves (∼10 K) at a field of ∼10 kOe. These results suggest that the alteration of chemical order and local strain in Ho2Ti2O7 prevents the development of spin ice state and provides a new material to study the geometrical frustration based on the structure.
A compact magnetic resonance system with inside-out sensor for soil moisture measurement
Authors: Wan Cai , He Wei , Guo Pan , Wu Jiamin , He Yucheng , Xu Zheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Accurate measurement of soil moisture parameters plays a vital role in promoting agricultural production. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measuring instruments have become increasingly compact, especially in low field applications. However, NMR soil moisture measurement instruments still have problems with portability. We report on a compact NMR measuring instrument that focuses on the circuit’s design and construction. The instrument includes an inside-out sensor, NMR spectrometer, radio frequency power amplifier, low-noise preamplifier, and duplexer. They are integrated into a slim 3D-printed cylinder. The integrated NMR instrument is portable and user-friendly and can reduce the influence of nonideal factors, such as transmission line effects and electromagnetic interference. We conducted different soil moisture experiments with the prototype using Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill pulse sequence to obtain the corresponding transverse relaxation time (T
2) decay curves. Then, the T
2 1D spectrum distributions were obtained by inverse Laplace transformation. Finally, the results reveal that the area of long T
2 component decreases as the soil moisture content decreases.