bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of children born with low birthweight and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Iai Yuki , Shimakawa Shuichi , Fukui Miho , Okumura Tomohito , Tsuda‐Kitahara Hikaru , Ashida Akira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to compare the profile of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV) between Japanese schoolchildren born very preterm (VP) and with very low birthweight (VLBW) and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to identify the specific neurocognitive characteristics of VLBW/VP children.MethodsThe VLBW/VP group in the present study included 50 (19 male, 31 female) first‐ to third‐grade elementary school children born between January 2008 and February 2013 at Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital and Saiseikai Suita Hospital with birthweights <1,500 g and <32 gestational weeks. The ADHD group included 18 (13 male, 5 female) first‐ to third‐grade elementary school children who visited Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital between January 2019 and October 2021. Full‐scale intelligence quotient scores, four indices, and 12 subtests of the WISC‐IV were calculated for all participants and compared between the VLBW/VP and ADHD groups. We assessed whether the patients' clinical history was associated with a low score on the cancellation task in the VLBW/VP group.ResultsThe WISC‐IV profiles showed similar between‐group patterns, and the VLBW/VP group had lower cancellation task scores than the ADHD group.ConclusionsThis is the first study to compare WISC‐IV profiles between VLBW/VP children and those with ADHD. Further investigation is needed on the association between academic performance and the score of the cancellation task, and the neural mechanism of low performance for cancellation tasks in VLBW/VP children.
Forever fitting feelings
Authors: Howard Christopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses a recent puzzle in the ethics of emotions concerning the fitting duration of emotions. On the one hand, many of our emotions tend to fade with time and can seem to do so fittingly. Think of attitudes like anger, grief, and regret. On the other hand, it's difficult to see how it could be fitting for these feelings to fade since the facts that make them fitting can seem to persist. This is the puzzle in brief; that of explaining how certain feelings can fittingly fade with time. This paper argues that this puzzle has no general solution: in a wide range of true‐to‐life cases our fitting feelings remain fitting forever, until the day that we die. I conclude by exploring the normative significance of this result and its implications for the ethics of attitudes more generally.
Crowdsourced order‐fulfillment policies using in‐store customers
Authors: Dayarian Iman , Pazour Jennifer 
Published: July 2022

Omni‐channel services, such as buy‐online‐pick‐up‐from‐store, transfer the in‐store logistics once completed by shoppers to retailers. To cost‐effectively meet the high demands for such pickup services, we introduce a crowdsourced order‐fulfillment policy that deploys in‐store customers to pick items for online orders while completing their own personal shopping. As opposed to existing store fulfillment policies, this new concept utilizes in‐store customers to help, not constrain, dedicated pickers. Empirical data indicate that a high percentage of surveyed in‐store shoppers would be willing to occasionally participate in such a program. In‐store customers willing to participate were observed to be heterogeneous in their efforts, with variability in how much extra time they would be willing to provide and would prefer picking tasks that had only a small deviation from their personal shopping. Motivated by these empirical results, the decision problem of how to assign picking tasks for arriving online orders with a given service commitment, to a set of arriving in‐store customers or an abundant set of dedicated pickers, was formalized to capture the uncertainty and heterogeneity of using in‐store customers for in‐store picking tasks. We propose a tractable decision‐making methodology to determine whether an order will meet both service commitment feasibility and in‐store customer availability with a probability at least equal to a target threshold. This method captures dynamic order placements and in‐store customer arrivals and stochasticity in in‐store customers' shopping baskets. Extensive computational experiments for varying operational conditions of a grocery store dynamically matching actual online orders to arriving in‐store customers helps answer open questions from practitioners. Compensating in‐store customers based on their additional efforts reduced costs of fulfillment by greater than 30%, on average, compared to a baseline that uses only dedicated pickers for store fulfillment. Using the past five shopping baskets of participating in‐store customers to estimate assignment decisions can achieve both high online order service commitments and in‐store customer availability requirements. Our results suggest that in‐store customers should be assigned smaller orders than dedicated pickers.
The recognition and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in early Alzheimer's disease: a qualitative study among Dutch memory clinic physicians
Authors: Eikelboom Willem S. , Lazaar Najoua , van Bruchem‐Visser Rozemarijn L. , Mattace‐Raso Francesco U.S. , Coesmans Michiel , Ossenkoppele Rik , van den Berg Esther , Papma Janne M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTimely recognition and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia may improve quality of life, reduce caregiver burden, and delay disease progression. However, management of NPS in early AD dementia remains challenging. To date, little is known about the specific challenges for memory clinic‐based physicians. The aims of this qualitative study were to obtain insights regarding the recognition and treatment of NPS in AD dementia in the memory clinic, to identify challenges experienced by physicians while managing NPS, and to examine the attitudes of memory clinic physicians on the role of the memory clinic in the care for NPS in early AD dementia.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 physicians working at a memory clinic in the Netherlands (n = 7 neurologist,n = 6 geriatrician, 46% female). The data were analyzed by two independent researchers using thematic analysis.ResultsWe observed large variation among Dutch memory clinic physicians regarding care practices, expertise, and attitudes on the role of the memory clinic considering NPS in AD dementia. The most prominent challenges that memory clinic physicians experienced while managing NPS included that the outpatient setting complicates the recognition and treatment of NPS, a lack of experience, knowledge, and/or resources to adequately apply non‐pharmacological interventions, and a lack of consensus among physicians on the role of the memory clinic in NPS recognition and management.ConclusionsWe identified challenges that need to be addressed to improve the early recognition and adequate management of NPS in AD dementia at the memory clinic.
The neural stability of perception–motor representations affects action outcomes and behavioral adaptation
Authors: Yu Shijing , Mückschel Moritz , Hoffmann Sven , Bluschke Annet , Pscherer Charlotte , Beste Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActions can fail – even though this is well known, little is known about what distinguishes neurophysiological processes preceding errors and correct actions. In this study, relying on the Theory of Event Coding, we test the assumption that only specific aspects of information coded in EEG activity are relevant for understanding processes leading to response errors. We examined N = 69 healthy participants who performed a mental rotation task and combined temporal EEG signal decomposition with multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and source localization analyses. We show that fractions of the EEG signal, primarily representing stimulus–response translation (event file) processes and motor response representations, are essential. Stimulus representations were less critical. The source localization results revealed widespread activity modulations in structures including the frontopolar, the middle and superior frontal, the anterior cingulate cortex, the cuneus, the inferior parietal cortex, and the ventral stream regions. These are associated with differential effects of the neural dynamics preceding correct/erroneous responses. The temporal‐generalization MVPA showed that event file representations and representations of the motor response were already distinct 200 ms after stimulus presentation and this lasted till around 700 ms. The stability of this representational content was predictive for the magnitude of posterror slowing, which was particularly strong when there was no clear distinction between the neural activity profile of event file representations associated with a correct or an erroneous response. The study provides a detailed analysis of the dynamics leading to an error/correct response in connection to an overarching framework on action control.
How we built a hospital‐based community whole blood program
Authors: Addams Joel , Arbabi Saman , Bulger Eileen M. , Stansbury Lynn G. , Tuott Erin E. , Hess John R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhole blood (WB) is an attractive product for prehospital treatment of hemorrhagic shock and for initial in‐hospital resuscitation of patients likely to require massive transfusion. Neither our regional blood provider nor our hospital blood bank had recent experience collecting or using WB, so we developed a stepwise process to gather experience with WB in clinical practice.MethodsWhen our Transfusion Committee suggested a WB program, we worked with our regional blood provider to collect cold‐stored, leukoreduced, low‐titer anti‐A, and anti‐B group O RhD positive WB (low‐titer group O WB [LTOWB]) and worked with our city Fire Department to integrate it into prehospital care. This work required planning, development of protocols, writing software for blood bank and electronic medical records, changes in paramedic scope of practice, public information, training of clinicians, and close clinical follow‐up.ResultsBetween June 2019 and December 2021, we received 2269 units of LTOWB and transfused 2220 units; 24 (1%) were wasted, two were withdrawn, and 23 were in stock at the end of that time. Most (89%) were transfused to trauma patients. Usage has grown from 48 to 120 units/month, covers all 5 Fire Districts in the county, and represents about ¼ of all hospital trauma blood product use.ConclusionsDeveloping a WB program is complex but can be started slowly, including both pre‐hospital and hospital elements, and expanded as resources and training progress. The investments of time, effort, and funding involved can potentially improve care, save blood bank and nursing effort, and reduce patient charges.
Blood biomarkers for canine cancer, from human to veterinary oncology
Authors: Colombe Philippe , Béguin Jérémy , Benchekroun Ghita , Le Roux Delphine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, interest in circulating tumour biomarkers is increasing both in human and veterinary oncology. An ideal tumour biomarker would allow early diagnosis of neoplasia, identify it specifically, accurately, establish a prognosis and predict its behaviour, especially regarding different therapeutic solutions. It would also allow to monitor its evolution over time and all this in a non‐invasive and inexpensive way. Actually, no biomarkers meeting all of these criteria have been identified in veterinary medicine, particularly due to a lack of specificity of the main protein tumour biomarkers studied to date. However, great hope is currently placed in biomarkers grouped under the name of liquid biopsy, which could prove to be effective tools for common clinical use in the near future. This review gives an update on blood cancer biomarkers studied in dogs, such as ions, proteins, nucleic acids and also circulating cells, of which some might become more prominent in the coming years to help improve the management of animal care.
The effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the suture pull‐out strength in equine arytenoid and cricoid cartilages
Authors: Gray Sarah M. , Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Santiago D. , Horn Gavin P. , McCoy Annette M. , Schaeffer David J. , Stewart Matt 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the suture pull‐out strength in arytenoid and cricoid cartilages subjected to the laryngoplasty (LP) procedure.Study designEx vivo experimental study.Sample populationTen grossly normal equine cadaveric larynges.MethodsBilateral LP constructs were created using a standard LP technique. One hemilarynx was randomly allocated to the single freeze and thaw group and the other allocated to the repeated freeze and thaw (3 complete cycles) group. The suture ends of each LP construct were attached to a load frame and subjected to monotonic loading until construct failure. Mean load (N) and displacement (mm) at LP construct failure were compared between groups.ResultsAll LP constructs failed by suture pull through the arytenoid cartilage. The mean load at failure was similar between groups (118.9 ± 25.5 N in the single freeze and thaw group and 113.4 ± 20.5 N in the repeated freeze and thaw group,P = .62). The mean displacement at failure was similar between groups (54.4 ± 15.1 mm in the single freeze and thaw group and 54.4 ± 15.4 mm in the repeated freeze and thaw group,P = .99).ConclusionRepeated freezing and thawing did not affect the suture pullout strength of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages.Clinical significanceLaryngeal specimens that have been subjected to repeated freezing and thawing can be utilized in the experimental evaluation of LP procedures because there is no alteration of the suture pull‐out strength of the relevant cartilages.
From single‐neuron dynamics to higher‐order circuit motifs in control and pathological brain networks
Authors: Hadjiabadi Darian , Soltesz Ivan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe convergence of advanced single‐cell in vivo functional imaging techniques, computational modelling tools and graph‐based network analytics has heralded new opportunities to study single‐cell dynamics across large‐scale networks, providing novel insights into principles of brain communication and pointing towards potential new strategies for treating neurological disorders. A major recent finding has been the identification of unusually richly connected hub cells that have capacity to synchronize networks and may also be critical in network dysfunction. While hub neurons are traditionally defined by measures that consider solely the number and strength of connections, novel higher‐order graph analytics now enables the mining of massive networks for repeating subgraph patterns called motifs. As an illustration of the power offered by higher‐order analysis of neuronal networks, we highlight how recent methodological advances uncovered a new functional cell type, the superhub, that is predicted to play a major role in regulating network dynamics. Finally, we discuss open questions that will be critical for assessing the importance of higher‐order cellular‐scale network analytics in understanding brain function in health and disease.
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Long-runout pyroclastic density currents: Analysis and implications
Authors: Roche Olivier , Henry Christopher D. , Azzaoui Nourddine , Guillin Arnaud 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pyroclastic density currents are hazardous, ground-hugging, hot mixtures of gas and solid particles produced by volcanoes. Currents generated by the largest explosive eruptions have traveled distances on the order of 100 km, and their devastating impact has repeatedly marked Earth's geologic history. We show that pyroclastic density currents from super-eruptions during the Oligocene in the Great Basin of the United States had exceptional runout distances that may have exceeded 300 km. We present a quantitative analysis of the data from these currents and consider, in particular, the areal extent of their deposits (ignimbrites) as well as the relationship between their runout and the eruption mass discharge rate. The ignimbrites have elliptical distributions characterized by axis length ratios of ~2–6, in contrast to common subcircular ignimbrites, while the maximum runouts versus the discharge rates are clearly outside of the prediction intervals defined by other eruption data. We argue that the long runouts resulted from the channeling of concentrated currents in regional paleovalleys whose gentle slope worked to lengthen the travel distance. Our study demonstrates that these additional factors should be considered in assessing hazards posed by future super-eruptions.
Nalbuphine as analgesic in preschool children undergoing ophthalmic surgery and the occurrence of emergence delirium
Authors: Leister Nicolas , Trieschmann Uwe , Yücetepe Sirin , Ulrichs Christoph , Muenke Nikolas , Wendt Stefanie , Menzel Christoph , Heindl Ludwig M 
Published: July 2022

Background/aimsPerioperative pain in children is often inadequately treated, and emergence agitation is common. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether nalbuphine is suitable for perioperative eye pain and to analyse if it influences the occurrence of emergence delirium/agitation (EDA) in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery in general anaesthesia.MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis of 50 children in preschool age undergoing general anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery receiving nalbuphine as a postoperative analgesic in a German university hospital from June 2020 to February 2021.Scores and values for pain and EDA were routinely recorded after awakening and during the stay in the recovery room. Data were evaluated retrospectively from the medical records.ResultsA total of 50 children (17 girls and 33 boys) underwent general anaesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. The median age of the children included was 20.5 months (range, 1–68 months), the median body weight was 12.25 kg (range, 2.9–29 kg). All patients received ibuprofen (10 mg/kg1) during induction of anaesthesia and nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) at the end of surgery. All patients had an Paediatric-Anaesthesia-Emergence-Delirium-I-score (PAED-ED-I Score) of less than 6 and acceptable Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability-scores (FLACC less than 3) on waking and on leaving the recovery room.ConclusionNalbuphine shows a sufficient analgesic effect for pain therapy following ophthalmic surgery in preschool children. Nalbuphine seems to reduce the incidence of EDA in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery.
Regulatory enhancer profiling of mesenchymal-type gastric cancer reveals subtype-specific epigenomic landscapes and targetable vulnerabilities
Authors: Ho Shamaine Wei Ting , Sheng Taotao , Xing Manjie , Ooi Wen Fong , Xu Chang , Sundar Raghav , Huang Kie Kyon , Li Zhimei , Kumar Vikrant , Ramnarayanan Kalpana , Zhu Feng , Srivastava Supriya , Isa Zul Fazreen Bin Adam , Anene-Nzelu Chukwuemeka George , Razavi-Mohseni Milad , Shigaki Dustin , Ma Haoran , Tan Angie Lay Keng , Ong Xuewen , Lee Ming Hui , Tay Su Ting , Guo Yu Amanda , Huang Weitai , Li Shang , Beer Michael A. , Foo Roger Sik Yin , Teh Ming , Skanderup Anders Jacobsen , Teh Bin Tean , Tan Patrick 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveGastric cancer (GC) comprises multiple molecular subtypes. Recent studies have highlighted mesenchymal-subtype GC (Mes-GC) as a clinically aggressive subtype with few treatment options. Combining multiple studies, we derived and applied a consensus Mes-GC classifier to define the Mes-GC enhancer landscape revealing disease vulnerabilities.DesignTranscriptomic profiles of ~1000 primary GCs and cell lines were analysed to derive a consensus Mes-GC classifier. Clinical and genomic associations were performed across >1200 patients with GC. Genome-wide epigenomic profiles (H3K27ac, H3K4me1 and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq)) of 49 primary GCs and GC cell lines were generated to identify Mes-GC-specific enhancer landscapes. Upstream regulators and downstream targets of Mes-GC enhancers were interrogated using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), RNA sequencing, CRISPR/Cas9 editing, functional assays and pharmacological inhibition.ResultsWe identified and validated a 993-gene cancer-cell intrinsic Mes-GC classifier applicable to retrospective cohorts or prospective single samples. Multicohort analysis of Mes-GCs confirmed associations with poor patient survival, therapy resistance and few targetable genomic alterations. Analysis of enhancer profiles revealed a distinctive Mes-GC epigenomic landscape, withTEAD1as a master regulator of Mes-GC enhancers and Mes-GCs exhibiting preferential sensitivity to TEAD1 pharmacological inhibition. Analysis of Mes-GC super-enhancers also highlightedNUAK1kinase as a downstream target, with synergistic effects observed between NUAK1 inhibition and cisplatin treatment.ConclusionOur results establish a consensus Mes-GC classifier applicable to multiple transcriptomic scenarios. Mes-GCs exhibit a distinct epigenomic landscape, and TEAD1 inhibition and combinatorial NUAK1 inhibition/cisplatin may represent potential targetable options.
Decision-making and regret in patients with germlineCDH1variants undergoing prophylactic total gastrectomy
Authors: Gamble Lauren A , Grant Robert R C , Samaranayake Sarah G , Fasaye Grace-Ann , Koh Christopher , Korman Louis , Asif Bilal , Heller Theo , Hernandez Jonathan M , Blakely Andrew M , Davis Jeremy L 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionProphylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) can eliminate gastric cancer risk and is recommended in carriers of a germlineCDH1pathogenic variant. PTG has established risks and potential life-long morbidity. Decision-making regarding PTG is complex and not well-understood.MethodsIndividuals with germlineCDH1pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants who underwent surveillance endoscopy and recommended for PTG were evaluated. Factors associated with decision to pursue PTG (PTGpos) or not (PTGneg) were queried. A decision-regret survey was administered to patients who elected PTG.ResultsDecision-making was assessed in 120 patients. PTGpospatients (63%, 76/120) were younger than PTGneg(median 45 vs 58 years) and more often had a strong family history of gastric cancer (80.3% vs 34.1%). PTGpospatients reported decision-making based on family history more often and decided soon after diagnosis (8 vs 27 months) compared with PTGneg. Negative endoscopic surveillance results were more common among PTGnegpatients. Age >60 years, male sex and longer time to decision were associated with deferring PTG. Strong family history, a family member who died of gastric cancer and carcinoma on endoscopic biopsies were associated with decision to pursue PTG. In the PTGposgroup, 30 patients (43%) reported regret which was associated with occurrence of a postoperative complication and no carcinoma detected on final pathology.ConclusionThe decision to undergo PTG is influenced by family cancer history and surveillance endoscopy results. Regret is associated with surgical complications and pathological absence of cancer. Individual cancer-risk assessment is necessary to improve pre-operative counselling and inform the decision-making process.Trial registration numberNCT03030404.