bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptation-mitigation game: does adaptation promote participation in international environmental agreements?
Authors: Borrero Miguel , Rubio Santiago J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper studies how the investment in adaptation can influence the participation in an international environmental agreement (IEA) when countries decide in adaptation before they choose emissions. Three types of agreements are studied, a mitigation agreement for which countries coordinate their decisions only on emissions; an adaptation agreement for which there is only coordination when countries decide their levels of adaptation and a complete agreement when there is coordination in both emissions and adaptation levels. In every case, we assume that the degree of effectiveness of adaptation is bounded from above, in order words, adaptation can alleviate the environmental problem, but it cannot solve it by itself leading the vulnerability of the country to almost zero. Our first results show that in our symmetric model where signatories select the same level of adaptation there are not signatory-signatory international externalities and the complete agreement coincides with the mitigation agreement, and moreover it does not matter when adaptation is chosen with respect to emissions. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the grand coalition could be stable for all types of agreement, but only for extremely high degrees of effectiveness of adaptation. If this condition is not satisfied, the model predicts low levels of membership. The standard result of three countries is found for the mitigation/complete agreement. For the adaptation agreement participation can be higher than three, but not higher than six countries. In any case, we can conclude that under reasonable values for the degree of effectiveness of adaptation, in our model adaptation does not promote participation in an IEA.
Replies to Timmerman and Gorman
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn my reply to the thoughtful comments of Timmerman and Gorman, I take up, and further explore, some main questions, including: Can a horribly immoral person (a moral monster) lead a meaningful life? Similarly, can a significantly deluded person lead a meaningful life? What role do judgments of meaningfulness play in our normative framework? How can we understand the debate between those who would embrace the possibility of immortality and those who would reject it? What is the role of narrativity in evaluating meaning in human lives, and how would this concept apply to immortal lives? If death can be a bad thing for the deceased, should we fear death (the status of being dead)?
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activity in Combination with Phage ZCSE6 and Sensing Properties
Authors: Abdelsattar Abdallah S. , Hakim Toka A. , Rezk Nouran , Farouk Warda M. , Hassan Yara Y. , Gouda Shrouk Mohamed , El-Shibiny Ayman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the dangerous pathogens that display high resistance to antibiotics is Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), which infects humans and animals. In this study, a new approach was proposed to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with adding the phage ZCSE6. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by analysis of spectroscopy profile of the UV–Vis, visualize the morphology, and size with transmission electron microscopy. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. In addition, the AgNPs were able to control the biofilm formation of S. enterica, also, heavy metals detection by AgNPs and their application in milk. UV–Vis spectra showed a surface resonance peak of 400 and 430 nm corresponding to the formation of AgNPs capping with Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L., respectively. The MIC and MBC values were 6.25 µg/ml to inhibit the growth of S. enterica and 12.5 µg/ml from killing the bacteria and it was decreased to 1.5 µg/ml when combined with the phage. In the present study, AgNPs were combined with phage ZCSE6 to obtain a synergetic antimicrobial activity. Moreover, it increases the milk’s shelf-life and senses the Cd2+ at a concentration of 1 mM in the water.
Graphical Abstract
Characterizations of the Set Less Order Relation in Nonconvex Set Optimization
Authors: Jahn Johannes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFor nonconvex set optimization problems based on the set less order relation, this paper presents characterizations of optimal sets and gives necessary conditions for set inequalities and non-optimal sets using directional derivatives. For specific order cones, the directional derivatives of known functionals describing the negative cones are also given.
Who wins the race for knowledge-based competitiveness? Comparing European and North American FDI patterns
Authors: Coveri Andrea , Zanfei Antonello 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe geographical dispersion of value-added activities triggered by the ‘great unbundling’ of production has made the race for competitiveness increasingly shaped by the capability of multinational corporations (MNCs) to orchestrate global innovation networks at world scale. However, major differences in the distribution of foreign investments across value chain functions undertaken by MNCs based in different economic areas have drawn little attention in the empirical literature. This work attempts to fill this gap by focusing on the FDI patterns of European and North American MNCs, which have historically played a key role in the internationalization of production and innovation. To this aim, we compare outward FDI flows of European and North American MNCs in manufacturing and knowledge-intensive activities over the period 2003–2017. We show that while European MNCs are key players in global networks of production, they do not reach the heights of North American investors in the dispersion of knowledge-based activities. Most importantly, European MNCs rely on emerging economies more to offshore production than to set up R&D labs in these countries; by contrast, US-based MNCs are more prone to engage in knowledge-intensive FDIs towards the most dynamic emerging countries (especially China and India, as well as the Four Asian Tigers). Further, we account for the growing role of new entrants in global FDI markets by comparing the advanced economies’ foreign investment decisions with those from Chinese MNCs. Drawing from the literature on the globalization of R&D and cross-border knowledge transmission, a discussion is finally offered on the potential implications of the detected differences in internationalization patterns, together with possible directions for future research.
Leader tracking control for heterogeneous uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems via a distributed robust adaptive PID strategy
Authors: Lui Dario Giuseppe , Petrillo Alberto , Santini Stefania 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the leader tracking control problem for heterogeneous uncertain nonlinear multi-agent systems sharing information via a communication network, modeled as a directed graph. To solve the problem, we propose a novel distributed PID-like control strategy which, enhanced with a Lyapunov-based adaption mechanism for the control parameters, is able to counteract the uncertainties acting on the agents dynamics. The stability analysis analytically proves the effectiveness of the proposed PID protocol in ensuring the leader-tracking as well as the boundedness of the adaptive control gains. Numerical simulations, involving both the synchronization control problem for nonlinear harmonic oscillators and the practical engineering problem of the cooperative driving for autonomous connected vehicles, confirm the theoretical derivation and disclose the capability of the proposed strategy in achieving the control objective.
On Cotnoir’s two notions of proper parthood
Authors: Carrara Massimiliano , Smid Jeroen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA.J. Cotnoir has argued that we should distinguish between two notions of proper parthood: outstripped part and non-identical part. Outstripped parthood is an asymmetric relation, but non-identical parthood is not. We argue, first, that the intuitions Cotnoir uses to motivate these notions do not always give the right verdict; and, second, that systematic reasons for distinguishing these two notions of parthood have further counter-intuitive consequences. This means the distinction between two notions of proper parthood currently lacks adequate motivation.
Upgrading bio-based acetone to diacetone alcohol by aldol reaction using Amberlyst A26-OH as catalyst
Authors: Eisenacher M. , Venschott M. , Dylong D. , Hoelderich W. F. , Schütz J. , Bonrath W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aldol reaction of bio acetone in presence of a strongly basic ion exchange resin was carried out with and without the addition of water in a temperature range between − 30 °C and 45 °C. The conversion, selectivity and service time of the ion exchange resins were investigated in a stirred batch reactor and a continuous fixed bed reactor. For the batch experiments, both conversion and selectivity increased with decreasing temperature. Furthermore, the addition of water to the reaction medium has a positive effect on selectivity and catalyst service time of the resins. For the continuous flow experiments carried out in a fixed bed reactor, the selectivity towards diacetone alcohol is higher than in a batch reactor. This high selectivity is favored by a short contact time which inhibits as expected most of the consecutive reactions.
Neuroprotective Effects of Purpurin Against Ischemic Damage via MAPKs, Bax, and Oxidative Stress Cascades in the Gerbil Hippocampus
Authors: Kim Woosuk , Kwon Hyun Jung , Jung Hyo Young , Hahn Kyu Ri , Yoon Yeo Sung , Hwang In Koo , Choi Soo Young , Kim Dae Won 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpurin has various effects, including anti-inflammatory effects, and can efficiently cross the blood–brain barrier. In the present study, we investigated the effects of purpurin on oxidative stress in HT22 cells and mild brain damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region induced by transient forebrain ischemia. Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was significantly ameliorated by treatment with purpurin, based on changes in cell death, DNA fragmentation, formation of reactive oxygen species, and pro-apoptotic (Bax)/anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein levels. In addition, treatment with purpurin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), and p38 signaling in HT22 cells. Transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils led to a significant increase in locomotor activity 1 day after ischemia and significant decrease in number of surviving cells in the CA1 region 4 days after ischemia. Administration of purpurin reduced the travel distance 1 day after ischemia and abrogates the neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia based on immunohistochemical and histochemical staining for NeuN and Fluoro-Jade C, respectively. Purpurin treatment significantly decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as the increases of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia and ameliorated the ischemia-induced transient increases of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus 6 h after ischemia. In addition, purpurin significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in the hippocampus 1 day after ischemia. Furthermore, purpurin treatment significantly mitigated the increases of Bax in the hippocampus 1 day after ischemia and the lipid peroxidation based on malondialdehyde and hydroperoxides levels 2 days after ischemia. These results suggest that purpurin can be one of the potential candidates to reduce neuronal damage and inflammatory responses after oxidative stress in HT22 cells or ischemic damage in gerbils.
The phubbing phenomenon: a cross-sectional study on the relationships among social media addiction, fear of missing out, personality traits, and phubbing behavior
Authors: Chi Li-Chiu , Tang Tseng-Chung , Tang Eugene 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPathological phubbing behavior has become an increasingly prevalent issue in recent years yet research surrounding these technological concerns remains scarce. The current study seeks to contribute to this limited body of research by providing insight into the antecedents of excessive and severe phubbing behavior and potential risk factors of pathological technology use as a whole. 938 undergraduate students participated in a cross-sectional study to determine whether demographic variables, personality traits, and degrees of social media addiction and fear of missing out could explain phubbing behavior. Participants responded to a survey that included the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and Phubbing Scale (Phubbing). Bivariate correlations identified that BSMAS and FoMO were significantly positively correlated with phubbing while TIPI displayed a significantly negative correlation with phubbing. Further, hierarchical multiple regression analyses established that BSMAS holds the most predictive power for phubbing while FoMO displayed a significantly less robust predictive power. TIPI was shown to be significant but served less to explain the variance in phubbing behaviors.
Erratum to: Single Polymer Composites Made of Melt-blown PP Mats and the Modelling of the Uniaxial Tensile Behaviour by the Fibre Bundle Cells Method
Authors: Virág Ábris Dávid , Kara Yahya , Vas László Mihály , Molnár Kolos 
Published: February 2022

The article Single Polymer Composites Made of Melt-blown PP Mats and the Modelling of the Uniaxial Tensile Behaviour by the Fibre Bundle Cells Method, written by Ábris Dávid Virág, Yahya Kara, László Mihály Vas, and Kolos Molnár, was mistakenly originally published without open access. After publication in Vol.22, No.10, page 2700–2714 this was corrected and the article was made an open access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.The original article has been corrected.
The relationship between polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor I gene and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in Uygur population, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Tingting , Maimaitituersun Gulixiati , Shi Haonan , Chen Cheng , Ma Qi , Su Yinxia , Yao Hua , Zhu Jia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) susceptibility varies among different populations and is affected by gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 gene, which has many SNP loci, is involved in T2DM pathogenesis. However, the relationship of IGF-1 gene polymorphism with T2DM in Uyghur population is less studied.

Objective
To investigate the relationship between T2DM susceptibility and polymorphism of IGF-1 gene in Uyghur population of Xinjiang, China.

Methods
This study enrolled 220 cases (122 males (55.46%) and 98 females (44.54%); mean age of 53.40 ± 10.94 years) of T2DM patients (T2DM group) and 229 (124 males (54.15%) and 105 females (45.85%); mean age of 51.64 ± 10.48 years) healthy controls (control group). Biochemical indexes were determined. IGF-1 gene polymorphism was analyzed by SNP genotyping.

Results
The levels of TG, HDL, LDL, BUN, and Cr were statistically significant between the T2DM group and the control group. In terms of IGF-1 polymorphism, T2DM group had higher frequency of AA genotype (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.19–4.84) and allele A (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17–2.06) of rs35767 loci, suggesting that rs35767 is related to the occurrence of T2DM. A total of 5 gene interaction models was obtained through analyzing the interaction of 5 SNP loci with the GMDR method. Among them, the two-factor model that included rs35767 locus and rs5742694 locus had statistical difference with a large cross-validation consistency (10/10). The combination of GG/CC, GA/AA, AA/AA, and AA/AC genotype was in high-risk group, whereas the combination of GG/AA, GG/AC, GA/AC and GA/CC genotype was in the low-risk group. The risk of T2DM in the high-risk group was 2.165 times than that of the low-risk group (OR = 2.165, 95% CI = 1.478–3.171).

Conclusion
TG, HDL, LDL, BUN, and Cr are influencing factors of T2DM in Uyghur population. The rs35767 locus of IGF-1 gene may be associated with T2DM in Uyghur population. The high-risk group composing of rs35767 locus and rs5742694 locus has a higher risk of T2DM.
Bibliometric analysis of metabolic surgery for type 2 diabetes: current status and future prospects
Authors: Song Yuling , Zhao Fangkun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetabolic surgery has become a powerful treatment for obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Experts have been devoting to the research of metabolic surgery in the treatment of T2DM. The debate continues, and there is no comprehensive statistical and intuitive analysis for it. To explore the current research status, the latest hotspots and the changing trend in this field, we conducted a bibliometric analysis. This paper made a bibliometric analysis based on the data source from Science Core Collection Network (WoSCC). Vosviewer v.1.6.10 software is used to construct a knowledge map. From 2011 to 2020, 1424 peer-reviewed papers on metabolic surgery for T2DM were retrieved. The United States contributed the most publications and gained global impact with the most citations. Obesity Surgery was the most prolific journal in this field. Prof. Schauer Philip R., Prof. Buchwald H. and Prof. Sjostrom L. were the most renowned experts in this aspect. The top cited references discussed the status of metabolic surgery for the treatment of T2DM worldwide and the importance of regular evaluation. The extracted keywords mainly formed three clusters: (1) research on the selection of different metabolic surgery methods; (2) possible mechanisms; (3) improvement of T2DM complications by metabolic surgery. Our study makes a comprehensive and objective analysis of metabolic surgery in obese patients with T2DM, providing valuable information for further clinical application and related scientific research. Researchers can quickly locate research hotspots in a large number of relevant literature.
The promotional effect of microRNA-103a-3p in cervical cancer cells by regulating the ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 function
Authors: Ren Li , Yang Jinjin , Meng Xiyan , Zhang Junjun , Zhang Yiran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the initiation and progression of human tumors including cervical cancer (CC). However, the mechanisms underlying of their actions in CC remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, the differentially expressed miRNAs that were screened based on GSE55940 microarray data retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and miR-103a-3p was significantly upregulated in CC tissues which was selected as the target miRNA for further research. We also found that high expression of miR-103a-3p was closely associated with histological grades, FIGO stage and distant metastasis as well as reflected poor overall survival. Moreover, miR-103a-3p inhibition decreased the growth capacity of SiHa and HeLa cells by inducing cell apoptosis. And F-box and WD repeat-domain containing protein 7 (FBXW7), a well-known tumor suppressor in many cancer types, was identified as a direct target of miR-103a-3p. It was further found that FBXW7 was significantly downregulated in CC tissues, and it was inversely correlated with miR-103a-3p expression levels. Further investigation demonstrated that FBXW7 upregulation could simulate the roles of miR-103a-3p knockdown in cell viability and apoptosis. Moreover, FBXW7 knockdown efficiently abrogated the influences of CC cells proliferation caused by miR-103a-3p inhibition. Notably, miR-103a-3p could block FBXW7 mediated the downstream transcription factor pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-103a-3p functions as an oncogene in CC by targeting FBXW7.
Quality of pro-market national institutions and firms’ decision to invest in R&D: evidence from developing and transition economies
Authors: Castellacci Fulvio , Oguguo Prince C. , Freitas Isabel Maria Bodas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDoes institutional quality affect firms’ decision to invest in R&D? This paper investigates the idea that well-functioning pro-market institutions spur firms’ R&D propensity by reducing transaction costs and uncertainties related to research and innovation activities. Evidence from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys on a large sample of firms in 57 developing and transition economies between 2002 and 2017 corroborates this idea. Controlling for countries’ level of economic development, industry fixed effects and a number of firm-level characteristics, the results show that firms’ propensity to invest in R&D is higher in countries in which national institutions ensure socio-political stability and enforcement of law and contracts.
Evaluation of Road Safety Education Program with Virtual Reality Eye Tracking
Authors: Skjermo Jo , Roche-Cerasi Isabelle , Moe Dagfinn , Opland Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraffic rules are essential and part of today’s road safety education programs at school. However, learning how to properly use attention in complex traffic situations has never before been a focus when teaching pupils. A new road safety education program based on latest findings in Neuro-Education has been developed. In the program, pupil learned three new concepts: risk, orientation and attention. This to stimulate the pupil’s reflection about own behavior on school roads, before attended a session at a traffic center, where teachers encouraged pupil’s reflection about how to practically use their new knowledge about the three concepts. This new program design was evaluated in a Virtual Reality laboratory. This paper presents the approach for evaluation using VR and eye-tracking, including scenario building, measurement approach, and procedure for measurements in addition to a look at the actual evaluation results. The results showed that pupils managed to cycle in a safer way by putting their attention at the right places after the course compared to student following existing curriculum. As such the selected validation approach utilizing VR gave clear support for the proposed education program.