bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidate high-redshift protoclusters and lensed galaxies in the Planck list of high-z sources overlapping with Herschel-SPIRE imaging
Authors: Lammers Caleb , Hill Ryley , Lim Seunghwan , Scott Douglas , Cañameras Raoul , Dole Hervé 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The Planck list of high-redshift source candidates (the PHz catalogue) contains 2151 peaks in the cosmic infrared background, unresolved by Planck’s 5 arcmin beam. Follow-up spectroscopic observations have revealed that some of these objects are $z\, {\approx }\, 2$ protoclusters and strong gravitational lenses but an unbiased survey has not yet been carried out. To this end, we have used archival Herschel-SPIRE observations to study a uniformly selected sample of 187 PHz sources. In contrast with follow-up studies that were biased towards bright, compact sources, we find that only one of our PHz sources is a bright gravitationally lensed galaxy (peak flux ${\gtrsim }\, 300$ mJy), indicating that such objects are rarer in the PHz catalogue than previously believed (&lt;1 per cent). The majority of our PHz sources consist of many red, star-forming galaxies, demonstrating that typical PHz sources are candidate protoclusters. However, our new PHz sources are significantly less bright than found in previous studies and differ in colour, suggesting possible differences in redshift and star formation rate. None the less, 40 of our PHz sources contain ${\gt }\, 3\, \sigma$ galaxy overdensities, comparable to the fraction of ${\gt }\, 3\, \sigma$ overdensities found in earlier biased studies. We additionally use a machine-learning approach to identify less extreme (peak flux ${\sim }\, 100$ mJy) gravitationally lensed galaxies among Herschel-SPIRE observations of PHz sources, finding a total of seven candidates in our unbiased sample, and 13 amongst previous biased samples. Our new uniformly selected catalogues of ${\gt }\, 3\, \sigma$ candidate protoclusters and strong gravitational lenses provide interesting targets for follow up with higher resolution facilities, such as ALMA and JWST.
The growth and migration of massive planets under the influence of external photoevaporation
Authors: Winter Andrew J , Haworth Thomas J , Coleman Gavin A L , Nayakshin Sergei 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The formation of gas giant planets must occur during the first few Myr of a star’s lifetime, when the protoplanetary disc still contains sufficient gas to be accreted on to the planetary core. The majority of protoplanetary discs are exposed to strong ultraviolet irradiation from nearby massive stars, which drives winds and depletes the mass budget for planet formation. It remains unclear to what degree external photoevaporation affects the formation of massive planets. In this work, we present a simple one dimensional model for the growth and migration of a massive planet under the influence of external FUV fields. We find that even moderate FUV fluxes $F_\mathrm{FUV}\gtrsim 100 \, G_0$ have a strong influence on planet mass and migration. By decreasing the local surface density and shutting off accretion on to the planet, external irradiation suppresses planet masses and halts migration early. The distribution of typical stellar birth environments can therefore produce an anticorrelation between semi-major axis and planet mass, which may explain the apparent decrease in planet occurrence rates at orbital periods Porb ≳ 103 d. Even moderate fluxes FFUV strongly suppress giant planet formation and inward migration for any initial semi-major axis if the stellar host mass $M_*\lesssim 0.5\, {\rm M}_\odot$, consistent with findings that massive planet occurrence is much lower around such stars. The outcomes of our prescription for external disc depletion show significant differences to the current approximation adopted in state-of-the-art population synthesis models, motivating future careful treatment of this important process.
Improved Aberth–Ehrlich root-finding algorithm and its further application for binary microlensing
Authors: Fatheddin Hossein , Sajadian Sedighe 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
In gravitational microlensing formalism and for modelling binary light curves, the key step is solving the binary lens equation. Currently, a combination of the Newton’s and Laguerre’s methods which was first introduced by Skowron & Gould (SG) is used while modelling binary light curves. In this paper, we first introduce a fast root-finding algorithm for univariate polynomials based on the Aberth–Ehrlich (AE) method which was first developed in 1967 as an improvement over the Newton’s method. AE algorithm has proven to be much faster than Newton’s, Laguerre’s, and Durand–Kerner methods and unlike other root-finding algorithms, it is able to produce all the roots simultaneously. After improving the basic AE algorithm and discussing its properties, we will optimize it for solving binary lens equations, which are fifth degree polynomials with complex coefficients. Our method is about 1.8–2.0 times faster than the SG algorithm. Since, for calculating magnification factors for point-like or finite source stars, it is necessary to solve the binary lens equation and find the positions of the produced images in the image plane first, this new method will improve the speed and accuracy of binary microlensing modelling.
Blandford–Znajek jets in galaxy formation simulations: exploring the diversity of outflows produced by spin-driven AGN jets in Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Talbot Rosie Y , Sijacki Debora , Bourne Martin A 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of Seyfert galaxies indicate that low-power, misaligned jets can undergo significant interaction with the gas in the galactic disc and may be able to drive large-scale, multiphase outflows. We apply our novel sub-grid model for Blandford–Znajek jets to simulations of the central regions of Seyferts, in which a black hole is embedded in a dense, sub-kpc circumnuclear disc (CND) and surrounded by a dilute circumgalactic medium. We find that the variability of the accretion flow is highly sensitive both to the jet power and to the CND thermodynamics and, ultimately, is determined by the complex interplay between jet-driven outflows and backflows. Even at moderate Eddington ratios, jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN) are able to significantly alter the thermodynamics and kinematics of CNDs and entrain up to $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of their mass in the outflow. Mass outflow rates and kinetic powers of the warm outflowing component are in agreement with recent observations for black holes with similar bolometric luminosities, with outflow velocities that are able to reach $500 \, {\rm km \, s^{-1}}$. Depending on their power and direction, jets are able to drive a wide variety of large-scale outflows, ranging from light, hot and collimated structures to highly mass-loaded, multiphase, bipolar winds. This diversity of jet-driven outflows highlights the importance of applying physically motivated models of AGN feedback to realistic galaxy formation contexts. Such simulations will play a crucial role in accurately interpreting the wealth of data that next-generation facilities such as JWST, SKA, and Athena will provide.
Probing magnetar emission mechanisms with X-ray spectropolarimetry
Authors: Caiazzo Ilaria , González-Caniulef Denis , Heyl Jeremy , Fernández Rodrigo 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
This year, a new era of observations of compact objects in X-ray polarization is commencing. Among the key targets for the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer mission are the magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1RXS J170849.0-400910. Here, we present detailed predictions of the expected polarization from these sources that incorporate realistic models of emission physics at the surface (gaseous or condensed), the temperature distribution on the surface, general relativity, quantum electrodynamics, and scattering in the magnetosphere, accounting for the broad-band spectral energy distribution from below 1 keV to nearly 100 keV. We find that either atmospheres or condensed surfaces can account for the emission at a few keV. In both cases, either a small hot polar cap or scattering is required to account for the emission at 5–10 keV and, above 10 keV, scattering by a hard population of electrons can account for the rising power in the hard X-rays observed in many magnetars in quiescence. Although these different scenarios result in very similar spectral energy distributions, they generate dramatically different polarization signatures from 2 to 8 keV, which is the range of sensitivity of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. Observations of these sources in X-ray polarization will therefore probe the emission from magnetars in an essentially new way.
Multiwavelength observations of MAXI J1820+070 during its outburst decay and subsequent mini-outburst
Authors: Özbey Arabacı M , Kalemci E , Dinçer T , Bailyn C D , Altamirano D , Ak T 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present results from quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength observations of the Galactic black hole X-ray transient MAXI J1820+070 during the decay of the 2018 outburst and its entire subsequent mini-outburst in March 2019. We fit the X-ray spectra with phenomenological and Comptonizaton models and discuss the X-ray spectral evolution in comparison with the multiwavelength behaviour of the system. The system showed a rebrightening in UV/Optical/NIR bands 7 d after the soft-to-hard transition during the main outburst decay while it was fading in X-rays and radio. In contrast, the mini-outburst occurred 165 d after the hard state transition of the initial outburst decay and was detected in all wavelengths. For both events, the measured time-scales are consistent with those observed in other black hole systems. Contemporaneous hard X-ray/soft γ-ray observations indicate a non-thermal electron energy distribution at the beginning of the UV/Optical/NIR rebrightening, whereas a thermal distribution can fit the data during the hard mini-outburst activity. The broad-band spectral energy distributions until the rebrightening are consistent with the irradiated outer accretion disc model. However, both the SEDs produced for the peak of rebrightening and close to the peak of mini-outburst provided good fits only with an additional power law component in the UV/Optical/NIR frequency ranges, which is often interpreted with a jet origin.
Thermal conduction effects on the accretion–ejection mechanism. Outflow process investigation
Authors: Rezgui Ghassen , Marzougui Hamed , Lili Taieb , Preiner Reinhold , Ceccobello Chiara 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Astrophysical jets emanating from different systems are one of the most spectacular and enigmatic phenomena pervading the Universe. These jets are typically bipolar and span hundreds of thousands of light years, some even longer than the diameter of our Milky Way. The study of the disc–jet systems is motivated by the observed correlation between ejection and accretion signatures and is still under debate. It was shown in our previous work the crucial role of thermal conduction in the dynamics of a thin viscous resistive accretion disc orbiting a central object and was provided an unprecedented wealth of discussion that has advanced our understanding of the inflow process. In this work, we expand our exploration by addressing the most outstanding basic questions concerning the launching, acceleration, and collimation processes of the jet in presence of thermal conduction. We also tackle in depth-analysis the effects of this physical ingredient on the time evolution of temperature and on mass fluxes such as inflow and outflow rates. We performed a series of 2.5-dimensional non-relativistic time-dependent numerical calculations of a disc–jet system using the PLUTO code. Our results revealed compelling evidence that thermal conduction contributes to launching a faster and more collimated jet. The mass extracted from the disc via the outflow channel is also affected by the presence of thermal conduction in the sense that the ejection efficiency is significantly improved.
Trade-Offs Predicted by Metabolic Network Structure Give Rise to Evolutionary Specialization and Phenotypic Diversification
Authors: Ekkers David M , Tusso Sergio , Moreno-Gamez Stefany , Rillo Marina C , Kuipers Oscar P , van Doorn G Sander 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mitigating trade-offs between different resource-utilization functions is key to an organism’s ecological and evolutionary success. These trade-offs often reflect metabolic constraints with a complex molecular underpinning; therefore, their consequences for evolutionary processes have remained elusive. Here, we investigate how metabolic architecture induces resource-utilization constraints and how these constraints, in turn, elicit evolutionary specialization and diversification. Guided by the metabolic network structure of the bacterium Lactococcus cremoris, we selected two carbon sources (fructose and galactose) with predicted coutilization constraints. By evolving L. cremoris on either fructose, galactose, or a mix of both sugars, we imposed selection favoring divergent metabolic specializations or coutilization of both resources, respectively. Phenotypic characterization revealed the evolution of either fructose or galactose specialists in the single-sugar treatments. In the mixed-sugar regime, we observed adaptive diversification: both specialists coexisted, and no generalist evolved. Divergence from the ancestral phenotype occurred at key pathway junctions in the central carbon metabolism. Fructose specialists evolved mutations in the fbp and pfk genes that appear to balance anabolic and catabolic carbon fluxes. Galactose specialists evolved increased expression of pgmA (the primary metabolic bottleneck of galactose metabolism) and silencing of ptnABCD (the main glucose transporter) and ldh (regulator/enzyme of downstream carbon metabolism). Overall, our study shows how metabolic network architecture and historical contingency serve to predict targets of selection and inform the functional interpretation of evolved mutations. The elucidation of the relationship between molecular constraints and phenotypic trade-offs contributes to an integrative understanding of evolutionary specialization and diversification.
Risk Factors for Hospitalization or Death Among Adults With Advanced HIV at Enrollment for Care in South Africa: A Secondary Analysis of the TB Fast Track Trial
Authors: Calderwood Claire J , Tlali Mpho , Karat Aaron S , Hoffmann Christopher J , Charalambous Salome , Johnson Suzanne , Grant Alison D , Fielding Katherine L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Individuals with advanced HIV experience high mortality, especially before and during the first months of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to identify factors, measurable in routine, primary health clinic–based services, associated with the greatest risk of poor outcome.

Methods
We included all individuals enrolled in the standard-of-care arm of a cluster-randomized trial (TB Fast Track); adults attending participating health clinics with CD4 ≤150 cells/µL and no recent ART were eligible. Associations between baseline exposures and a composite outcome (hospitalization/death) over 6 months were estimated using multivariable Cox regression.

Results
Among 1515 individuals (12 clinics), 56% were female, the median age was 36 years, and the median CD4 count was 70 cells/μL. Within 6 months, 89% started ART. The overall rate of hospitalization/death was 32.5 per 100 person-years (218 outcomes/671 person-years). Lower baseline CD4 count (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.27 for &lt;50 vs 100–150 cells/µL; 95% CI, 1.57–3.27), lower body mass index (aHR, 2.13 for BMI &lt;17 vs ≥25 kg/m2; 95% CI, 1.31–3.45), presence of tuberculosis-related symptoms (aHR, 1.87 for 3–4 symptoms vs none; 95% CI, 1.20–2.93), detectable urine lipoarabinomannan (aHR, 1.97 for 1+ positivity vs negative; 95% CI, 1.37–2.83), and anemia (aHR, 4.42 for severe anemia [hemoglobin &lt;8 g/dL] vs none; 95% CI, CI 2.38–8.21) were strong independent risk factors for hospitalization/death.

Conclusions
Simple measures that can be routinely assessed in primary health care in resource-limited settings identify individuals with advanced HIV at high risk of poor outcomes; these may guide targeted interventions to improve outcomes.
Plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere via a circular metabolic economy
Authors: Korenblum Elisa , Massalha Hassan , Aharoni Asaph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChemical exchange often serves as the first step in plant–microbe interactions and exchanges of various signals, nutrients, and metabolites continue throughout the interaction. Here, we highlight the role of metabolite exchanges and metabolic crosstalk in the microbiome–root–shoot–environment nexus. Roots secret a diverse set of metabolites; this assortment of root exudates, including secondary metabolites such as benzoxazinoids, coumarins, flavonoids, indolic compounds, and terpenes, shapes the rhizosphere microbiome. In turn, the rhizosphere microbiome affects plant growth and defense. These inter-kingdom chemical interactions are based on a metabolic circular economy, a seemingly wasteless system in which rhizosphere members exchange (i.e. consume, reuse, and redesign) metabolites. This review also describes the recently discovered phenomenon “Systemically Induced Root Exudation of Metabolites” in which the rhizosphere microbiome governs plant metabolism by inducing systemic responses that shift the metabolic profiles of root exudates. Metabolic exchange in the rhizosphere is based on chemical gradients that form specific microhabitats for microbial colonization and we describe recently developed high-resolution methods to study chemical interactions in the rhizosphere. Finally, we propose an action plan to advance the metabolic circular economy in the rhizosphere for sustainable solutions to the cumulative degradation of soil health in agricultural lands.
Universality in anomaly flow
Authors: Hosotani Yutaka 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Universality in anomaly flow by an Aharonov–Bohm phase θH is shown in the flat M4 × (S1/Z2) spacetime and in the Randall–Sundrum (RS) warped space. We analyze the SU(2) gauge theory with doublet fermions. With orbifold boundary conditions the U(1) part of the gauge symmetry remains unbroken at θH = 0 and π. Chiral anomalies smoothly vary with θH in the RS space. It is shown that the anomaly coefficients associated with this anomaly flow are expressed in terms of the values of the wave functions of the gauge fields at the UV and IR branes in the RS space. The anomaly coefficients depend on θH, the warp factor of the RS space, and the orbifold boundary conditions for fermions, but not on the bulk mass parameters of fermions.
INTERNAL EXPOSURE FROM INDOOR RADON, THORON AND THEIR PROGENY IN RESIDENCE AROUND HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA, PHANG NGA PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: Rattanapongs Chanis Pornnumpa , Kranrod Chutima , Jitpakdee Manit , Tokonami Shinji , Chanyotha Supitcha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A passive integrating discriminative radon-thoron monitor (Raduet) and a radon-thoron progeny monitor with a solid-state nuclear tracking detector were used for estimating indoor radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations in residential areas around the old mines of southern Thailand. Exposure to high background radiation levels from natural 238U and 232Th in the tin mine areas or active fault areas may increase the risk of lung cancer in the respiratory system when considering the health effects of the surrounding inhabitants. In this study, radon thoron and their progeny concentrations from inhalation in the study site have been assessed in dose at volunteer houses to confirm radiation effects. The annual effective doses due to inhalation of radon-thoron, radon progeny and thoron progeny using the ICRP latest dose conversion factors were estimated to be 3.0−4.6, 2.5–3.7 and 0.4–1.0 mSv, respectively, and as 5.9–9.0 mSv in total.
BVI strengthens firewall provisions in Trustee Act
Authors: McKenzie Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When section 83 A of the British Virgin Islands’ Trustee Act came into effect in 2004 the jurisdiction was regarded as having the most sophisticated and well thought-out ‘firewall’ offering available, but, since then, the territory has arguably fallen behind some of its main competitors in this context. The technical amendments to section 83 A which took effect in July 2021 are aimed at improving the Territory’s firewall offering, which is considered critical in the context of the establishment of international trusts.
A porous ceramic particle with or without a preservative blend did not impair apparent digestibility of macro- and micro-nutrients of postweaned pigs
Authors: Davis Emily M , Liang Yu , Wallace Kayla P , Zimmerman Amanda J , Siebecker Matthew G , Broadway Paul Rand , Carroll Jeffrey A , Ballou Michael A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementing a commercial porous ceramic clay particle, with or without a blend of preservatives, on the performance and nutrient digestibility of weanling pigs. Fifteen weanling pigs of the Yorkshire, Landrace, and Duroc breeds were blocked by breed and randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 5): (1) Control, non-medicated diet with no additional feed additives (CON); (2) PowerGuard, basal diet with 0.25% of the DM consisting of a ceramic particle mixed into the pelleted feed (PG; MB Nutritional Sciences, Lubbock, TX, 79403); or (3) Power Guard + a blend of preservatives, basal diet with 0.3% of the DM consisting of the ceramic clay and preservatives mixed into the pelleted feed (PG-D). The facility was temperature controlled with an average temperature of 28.5 °C. Pigs were offered ad libitum access to feed and water and were housed individually in elevated crates. Body weights were collected upon enrollment on day 0 and at the end of the observation period on day 18. On day 15 , a 72-h total feed and fecal collection period began. Feed and fecal samples were analyzed for DM, CP, Ash, OM, ADF, NDF, zinc, copper, thiamin (vitamin B1), and retinol (vitamin A). Liver samples were collected immediately after harvest and frozen for later mineral analysis. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed in SAS with dietary group as the main effect and block as the random effect (SAS 9.4, Cary, NC). There were no treatment differences in performance measures including final BW, ADG, or G:F (P ≥ 0.701). There were no treatment differences in diet nutrient digestibility for DM, CP, Ash, OM, ADF, or NDF (P ≥ 0.312). Additionally, there were no treatment effects on zinc, copper, or retinol digestibility (P ≥ .298); however, thiamin inclusion rate was increased for the PG-D treatment, thus leading to an increased digestibility for thiamin (P = 0.018) in the PG-D treatment. There were no treatment differences in hepatic mineral concentrations (P ≥ 0.532); however, there was a tendency for pigs fed PG-D to have increased hepatic concentrations of lead and mercury when compared with both PG and CON pigs (P ≤ 0.066). In summary, supplementation of a commercial ceramic particle with or without a blend of preservatives to weaned pigs did not affect performance or apparent nutrient digestibility.
Association of Labor Epidural Analgesia With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children
Authors: Mikkelsen A. , Greiber  , Scheller N. , Lidegaard O. 
Published: June 2022

(JAMA. 2021;326:1170–1177)
Epidural analgesia is an effective and commonly used modality of labor analgesia. More than 70% of women in the United States utilize neuraxial analgesia. A recent cohort study reported an association with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children born after epidural analgesia compared to unexposed children. Five major obstetric and anesthesiology societies issued statements stating the study did not provide evidence of causal inference and described limitations of the study including residual confounding. They recommended further high-quality studies be conducted to further evaluate the association. This study aimed to determine the relationship between epidural labor analgesia and ASD using public Danish databases.