bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Differentiation Among Nitrous Oxide Reducers Enhances Temperature Effects on Riverine N2O Emissions
Authors: Zhang Sibo , Yang Meijuan , Xia Xinghui , Gu Qinyuan , Gao Qun , Wang Junfeng , Liu Shaoda , Li Xiaokang , Li Yingjie , McDowell William H. , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNitrous oxide (N2O) reductase, the sole natural microbial sink for N2O, exists in two microbial clades: nosZI and nosZII. Although previous studies have explored inter‐clade ecological differentiation, the intra‐clade variations and their implications for N2O dynamics remain understudied. This study investigated both inter‐ and intra‐clade ecological differentiation among N2O reducers, the drivers influencing these patterns, and their effects on N2O emissions across continental‐scale river systems. The results showed that both nosZI and nosZII community turnovers were associated with similar key environmental factors, particularly total phosphorus (TP), but these variables explained a larger proportion of variation in the nosZI community. The influence of mean annual temperature (MAT) on community composition increased for more widespread N2O‐reducing taxa. We identified distinct ecological clusters within each clade of N2O reducers and observed identical ecological clustering patterns across both clades. These clusters were primarily characterized by distinct MAT regimes, coarse sediment texture as well as low TP levels, and high abundance of N2O producers, with MAT‐related clusters constituting predominant proportions. Intra‐clade ecological differentiation was a crucial predictor of N2O flux and reduction efficiency. Although different ecological clusters showed varying or even contrasting associations with N2O dynamics, the shared ecological clusters across clades exhibited similar trends. Low‐MAT clusters in both the nosZI and nosZII communities were negatively correlated with denitrification‐normalized N2O flux and the N2O:(N2O + N2) ratio, whereas high‐MAT clusters showed positive correlations. This contrasting pattern likely stems from low‐MAT clusters being better adapted to eutrophic conditions and their more frequent co‐occurrence with N2O‐producing genes. These findings advance our understanding of the distribution and ecological functions of N2O reducers in natural ecosystems, suggesting that warming rivers may have decreased N2O reduction efficiency and thereby amplify temperature‐driven emissions.
GGR Handbook of Rock and Mineral Analysis Chapter 6 (Part 2) Principles and Practice of X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry – 2: Wavelength Dispersive and Energy Dispersive Instrumentation
Authors: Turner Kenneth E. , Webber Elizabeth 
Published: February 2025

This chapter (Principles and Practice of X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry – 2: Wavelength Dispersive and Energy Dispersive Instrumentation) is a contribution to the Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research Handbook of Rock and Mineral Analysis – an online textbook that is a fully revised and updated edition of A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis (P. J. Potts, 1987, Blackie, Glasgow).Chapter 6, Part 2 (from Section 2 of the handbook devoted to techniques for the determination of major and trace elements) deals with XRF wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive spectrometry. Dealing first with WD‐XRF, Part 2 discusses its instrumentation, spectrum analysis and routine operating conditions. The following sections on ED‐XRF discuss its detectors and their characteristics, the associated (pulse‐processing) electronics, and X‐ray interaction with these detectors. Consideration is then given to procedures for ED‐XRF spectra analysis, as well as its analysis of silicate rock and mineral materials under routine operating conditions. Further sections cover total reflection XRF (TRXRF) and field portable (PXRF) instrumentation, and statistical procedures relevant to XRF analysis. The chapter also includes a comparison of the WD and ED spectrometer types and of their analytical performance, with emphasis on silicate rock analysis.
Effects of Civil War on Young Women in Somalia: Exploring the Relationships Between Death Anxiety, Meaning in Life and Self‐Esteem
Authors: Çuvadar Ayşe , Özcan Handan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionWars have had many negative effects on societies, particularly on women, for centuries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of death, meaning of life and self‐esteem among young women living in Somalia, where the civil war has continued for many years.MethodsThe study sample consists of 120 female students studying in Mogadishu, Somalia. Data were collected using the ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Meaning in Life Questionnaire’, ‘Thorson‐Powell Fear of Death Scale’ and ‘Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale’.ResultsIt was determined that women had a moderate level of fear of death, a low level of self‐esteem and a moderate level of life satisfaction. However, the score on the ‘search for meaning’ dimension was slightly lower. The majority of women reported that war had negative effects on women, affecting their pregnancy, childbirth and access to healthcare. They also stated that it affected women's participation in the workforce and social life and that they were subjected to physical, emotional and sexual violence. These findings may pave the way for the development of targeted psychosocial intervention strategies to support the mental health of women living in conflict zones. One particularly noteworthy result is that women experiencing future anxiety tend to have more positive scores in terms of the meaning of life and self‐esteem. This result makes an important contribution towards understanding the complex dynamics that affect women's psychological health by emphasizing the novelty of the positive relationship between future anxiety and self‐esteem.ConclusionThe results suggest that the stress, anxiety and traumatic experiences women endure can have significant effects on psychological factors such as the meaning of life, fear of death and self‐esteem. As a remarkable result, women experiencing future anxiety tend to have more positive scores in terms of the meaning of life and self‐esteem. This result may reflect the complexity of the effects of war. It also suggests that future anxiety can shape individuals' coping mechanisms.
Leading with paradox: Promoting self‐leadership and positive work behaviours through leader‐member exchange
Authors: Kamil Nurul Liyana Mohd , Zhao Kai , Nordin Wan Noor Azreen Wan Mohamad , Idris Mohd Awang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the role of self‐leadership in mediating the relationship between paradoxical leadership and innovative work behaviour, with emphasis on the moderating impacts of leader‐member exchange (LMX). Study 1 featured 307 service industry employees in a 6‐month longitudinal survey, whereas Study 2 included 288 employees in an experimental design. The results indicate that paradoxical leadership significantly enhances innovation by balancing directive and empowering behaviours, with self‐leadership and high‐quality LMX relationships serving as critical mediators and moderators. Employees demonstrate higher innovation levels when they feel empowered and supported by their leaders. Empowering leaders with paradoxical skills and nurturing strong LMX relationships can spark innovation, boost employee creativity, and fuel a competitive advantage. This study adds compelling empirical support to the leadership and innovation literature regarding the transformative impact of combining seemingly contradictory leadership behaviours to foster an innovative and dynamic organizational culture.
Beyond the Moderating Role of Neuroticism on Evaluative Conditioning: Threat Appraisal
Authors: Faur Darian , Sava Florin Alin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveReality perception is often altered by general dispositional factors that are associated with emotional vulnerability, both inherited and acquired, that emerge in a specific learning context. The current study will examine whether neuroticism and looming cognitive style, factors that account for emotional vulnerability, interact in a manner that influences the evaluative conditioning effect (the magnitude of valence change in a conditioned stimulus due to pairing with an unconditioned stimulus).MethodTo achieve this, we will implement an evaluative conditioning procedure that pairs positive stimuli, nonthreatening negative stimuli, and threatening negative stimuli with neutral stimuli. Participants will also provide measures of valence and threat characteristics for the unconditioned stimuli, along with assessments of neuroticism and looming cognitive style.ResultsWe expect that the evaluative conditioning effect will be mediated by threat and valence evaluations of unconditioned stimuli. We also expect that neuroticism will moderate the valence and threat values of unconditioned stimuli, whereas cognitive looming will moderate the magnitude of valence transfer from unconditioned stimuli to conditioned stimuli.ConclusionsWe presume that neuroticism will explain the reactivity to valenced and threatening stimuli, while looming cognitive style will account for the negative bias in the conditioned stimuli evaluation.
A web calculator based on hydrodynamic modeling of impacts of cosmic objects from 20 m to 3 km in diameter
Authors: Svetsov Vladimir , Shuvalov Valery , Glazachev Dmitry , Popova Olga , Artemieva Natalia , Podobnaya Elena , Khazins Valery 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe completed numerical simulations of a number of asteroid and comet impacts on Earth to predict related shock wave and thermal radiation effects and to estimate seismic effects, as well as ionospheric disturbances. Using interpolation of the results, we were able to estimate these effects for arbitrary impact parameters. In addition, we used previously developed models to estimate the size of the impact crater and ejecta thickness. Finally, we developed a user‐friendly web‐based calculator (https://asteroidhazard.pro/) that quickly estimates shock wave pressure and radiation exposure at a given location, as well as crater size and average ejecta layer thickness, if any, seismic magnitude, change in ionospheric density, and some other values. The input parameters of the calculator are the impactor diameter and density, its speed and inclination angle of the trajectory above the atmosphere, and the coordinates of the observer (the point on the ground where it is necessary to determine the impact consequences). This paper describes the methods of numerical simulations and techniques for approximating the results. We present a few examples of how to assess the impact hazard, in particular, overpressure and wind speed on the surface, thermal radiation, and seismic shaking after a crater‐forming impact or an airburst in the atmosphere.
Categorising drivers of curriculum renewal in entry‐to‐practice health professional education: A scoping review
Authors: Kok David L. , Xu Mary , Trumble Stephen , Matthews Kristie , Wright Caroline 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionRenewing a health professional education (HPE) curriculum is a significant undertaking, requiring substantial effort and resourcing. However, the factor(s) that should initiate a curriculum renewal remain contentious, and the methods to best assess them are unclear. To begin answering these questions, a comprehensive view of the scope of potential renewal drivers is needed, thus enabling structured inquiry into these (and their interactions) while ensuring no driver categories are being inadvertently overlooked. It would similarly serve as an important checklist for individual institutions undergoing renewal. However, no such list has ever been formulated in a data‐driven way. Thus, this scoping review aimed to document the full range of real‐world drivers of HPE curricular renewal and create an overarching categorisation of these.MethodsA systematic search was conducted of the Embase, Medline/PubMed, Global health and CINAHL databases for studies published between 2013 and 2023 describing a completed single‐institution curriculum renewal of an entry‐to‐practice HPE degree. Following independent screening, articles were reviewed and ‘extent of renewal’, ‘renewal characteristics’ and the ‘initiating driver(s)’ of renewal were extracted. Descriptive statistics were generated, and qualitative content analysis performed to generate a categorisation of renewal‐initiating drivers.ResultsThe search identified 1408 potential manuscripts, and 239 publications describing 247 renewals were analysed. Forty percent were whole‐of‐degree renewals. Institutions from all continents were represented. Seventy‐seven initiating drivers were identified and grouped into 10 categories: ‘Regulatory reasons’, ‘Pedagogical improvements’, ‘Community/patient needs’, ‘Learner experience/satisfaction’, ‘Exceptional events’, ‘Learner outcomes’, ‘Industry benchmarking/reputation’, ‘Practical/business factors’, ‘Knowledge/skill issues’ and ‘Periodic renewals’. ‘Regulatory reasons’ were the most common reason for whole‐of‐degree renewals and ‘knowledge/skill issues’ for part‐of‐degree renewals.ConclusionsHPE curricula renewals have a wide range of initiating drivers. The proposed categorisation of these should serve as a useful scaffold for institutional curricular review processes and also for directing future scholarly inquiry into curricular renewal.
Future Directions of the Prokaryotic Chromosome Field
Authors: Abbondanzieri E. A. , Badrinarayanan A. B. , Barillà D. , Bell S. D. , Blombach F. , Bouet J. Y. , Bulgheresi S. , Cao Q. A. D. , Dame R. T. , Dekker C. , Demuysere M. , Espéli O. , Fogg P. C. M. , Freddolino P. L. , Ganji M. , Gerson T. M. , Grainger D. C. , Hamoen L. W. , Harju J. , Hocher A. , Hustmyer C. M. , Kaljevic J. K. , Karney M. K. , Kleckner N. , Laloux G. , Landick R. , Lioy V. S. , Liu W. L. , Liu C. L. , Mäkelä J. , Meyer A. S. , Noy A. , Pineau M. P. , Premrajka K. , Racki L. R. , Rashid F‐Z. M. , Schnetz K. , Schwab S. , Tišma M. , van der Sijs A. I. , van Heesch T. , van Raaphorst R. , Vreede J. , Walker A. W. , Walter J‐C. , Weber S. C. , Wiggins P. A. , Wing H. J. , Xiao J. , Zhang Z. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn September 2023, the Biology and Physics of Prokaryotic Chromosomes meeting ran at the Lorentz Center in Leiden, The Netherlands. As part of the workshop, those in attendance developed a series of discussion points centered around current challenges for the field, how these might be addressed, and how the field is likely to develop over the next 10 years. The Lorentz Center staff facilitated these discussions via tools aimed at optimizing productive interactions. This Perspective article is a summary of these discussions and reflects the state‐of‐the‐art of the field. It is expected to be of help to colleagues in advancing their own research related to prokaryotic chromosomes and inspiring novel interdisciplinary collaborations. This forward‐looking perspective highlights the open questions driving current research and builds on the impressive recent progress in these areas as represented by the accompanying reviews, perspectives, and research articles in this issue. These articles underline the multi‐disciplinary nature of the field, the multiple length scales at which chromatin is studied in vitro and in and highlight the differences and similarities of bacterial and archaeal chromatin and chromatin‐associated processes.
Multiple Neuropathologies Underly Hippocampal Subfield Atrophy in a Case With a Slowly Progressive Amnestic Syndrome: Challenging the Notion of Pure LATE‐NC
Authors: Youssef Hossam , Gatto Rodolfo G. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Jones David , Petersen Ronald C. , Machulda Mary M. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, marked by abnormal protein buildup (beta‐amyloid and tau) resulting in neuronal loss, especially in the medial temporal lobe and other limbic regions. The presence of transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) immunoreactive inclusions in medial temporal lobe regions has also been associated with neuroimaging changes in limbic regions. It has been proposed that hypometabolism in limbic regions on [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in a patient with a slowly evolving amnestic syndrome may be a signature of the presence of TDP‐43. In this context, we observed an 86‐year‐old Caucasian female with dementia characterized by a slowly evolving amnestic syndrome, along with focal medial temporal atrophy evident on MRI and hypometabolism in limbic regions on FDG‐PET. The patient subsequently died and underwent an autopsy. We performed detailed neuroimaging and digital neuropathological analyses of the hippocampal subfields to better understand the relationship between clinico‐imaging findings and histopathology. In addition to TDP‐43, we identified three other pathological processes in the medial temporal lobe: sequestosome‐1/p62, argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), and primary age‐related tauopathy (PART). Hippocampal subfield volumes and rates of atrophy were no different from those of matched healthy controls, except for the atrophy rate in cornu ammonis 1 (CA1). Digital histopathology revealed the relative highest burden of pathology for p62, followed by TDP‐43, AGD, and PART in CA1. Multiple pathological processes appear to have contributed to the hippocampal atrophy and hypometabolism in our patient with a slowly progressive amnestic syndrome.
Use of mechanical insufflation–exsufflation devices among intensive care units in Brazil
Authors: Vieira Rodrigo Souza , Reboredo Maycon Moura , Netto Cristiane Bastos , Nunes Leonardo Vieira , Carvalho Erich Vidal , Pinheiro Bruno Valle 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDespite its potential benefits, it is unclear how professionals use mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI‐E) in Brazilian intensive care units (ICUs). This survey aimed to describe MI‐E use among health care professionals registered with the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care. Cross‐sectional electronic survey of health care professionals (physicians, physiotherapists and nurses) registered with the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care. A total of 232 surveys were returned. An MI‐E device was available in 20.9% of ICUs. Even in these ICUs, the use of MI‐E was infrequent (daily, 12.9%; weekly, 22.6%; monthly or less, 64.5%). Lack of knowledge, inadequate resources and lack of scientific evidence were reported as barriers to the regular use of MI‐E. MI‐E was not widely adopted in Brazilian ICUs, and the range of reported barriers warrants further investigation. Results of this study highlighted the low utilization of MI‐E by health care professionals, including nurses, working in ICUs in Brazil. Lack of knowledge and supportive scientific evidence were identified as significant barriers to implementation and use. These barriers can be addressed through controlled clinical trials and team training.
Leta Semadeni's Romansh‐German poetry: Poetic praxis between languages
Authors: McClelland Richard 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSwiss poet Leta Semadeni's award‐winning literary work is shaped in and through her bilingualism. Her poetry combines her ‘mother tongue’, the Romansh idiom Vallader, and her ‘first great love’, German. Her writing is shaped by a linguistic terseness and a layering of images of everyday experience with meditations on the deeper realities underpinning contemporary life. In this study, I explore the self‐translational dynamics that shape Semadeni's bilingual writing and consider how these dynamics are manifest in and shape her writing. This is explored in relation to a thematisation of the writing process that Semadeni presents in a series of poems in the collection In mia vita da vuolp/In meinem Leben als Fuchs (In My Life as a Fox, 2010). As I propose, because Semadeni works dialectically across Vallader and German, her poems should be understood and read as a bilingual whole with a dual linguistic and cultural origin. This results in poetry that explores both the multilingualism that marks life in Semadeni's native Engadin valley and the hybrid creativity that this precipitates.
Differential impact of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops on visual performance in young adults
Authors: Luo Yifan , Yin Ziang , Zhang Jiali , Cui Zaifeng , Huang Yingying , Li Xue , Chen Hao , Lu Fan , Bao Jinhua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeThe onset and progression of myopia can occur during adulthood, suggesting that myopia should be managed in young adults. Low‐concentration atropine eye drops have shown promising efficacy in myopia control. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of 0.01% and 0.05% atropine eye drops on the visual performance of university students.MethodsTwenty‐six myopic students aged 18–30 years received 0.01% and 0.05% atropine in random order. Atropine eye drops were administered once a night in both eyes for 14 days, with a minimum 14‐day washout period between concentrations. Visual assessments, including the modulation transfer function (MTF) cut‐off, Strehl ratio (SR), objective scattering index, contrast sensitivity (CS) and glare disability, were conducted 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after atropine administration and corresponding time points after cessation. A questionnaire was used to evaluate ocular and general symptoms.ResultsAfter 1 day of treatment with 0.05% atropine, the MTF cut‐off (β = −8.75, p < 0.001) and SR (β = −0.05, p < 0.001) decreased significantly to their lowest levels. The area under the log CS function also decreased significantly (all p < 0.05) during administration of the 0.05% eye drops, especially in the mesopic with glare condition, and reached its lowest point 1 day after administration (β = −0.20, p < 0.001). However, all parameters returned to baseline levels 2 weeks after 0.05% atropine was stopped (all p > 0.05). Additionally, 40.91% of the young adults reported experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness and nocturnal glare during 0.05% atropine use. Treatment with 0.01% atropine had minimal effects on both visual performance and subjective symptoms.ConclusionsAdministration of 0.05% atropine had a significant but temporary effect on the visual performance of young adult myopic patients, whereas 0.01% atropine had a minimal effect.
Topical Trametinib for Agminated Spitz Nevi Harboring HRAS Mutation
Authors: Parsons Lauren , Chen Alice , Bertus Brooke , Beatty Colleen , Stashower Julian , Tomboc Patrick , Brooke Sebastian , Zinn Zachary 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe treatment of agminated Spitz nevi can be challenging due to the potential for disfigurement in cosmetically sensitive areas. We report the case of a pediatric patient with progressive agminated Spitz nevi arising from a nevus spilus on the face with an associated pathogenic HRAS p.G13R mutation revealed on next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The patient was treated with compounded topical trametinib 1% cream and demonstrated significant clinical improvement following 12 weeks of twice‐daily treatment. Our case highlights the potential role of MEK inhibition as a targeted, non‐surgical treatment for HRAS‐mutated agminated Spitz nevi and adds to the growing understanding of their genetic etiology.