bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thysanoptera as predators: their diversity and significance as biological control agents
Authors: Wang Zhaohong , Mound Laurence A. , Hussain Mubasher , Arthurs Steven P. , Mao Runqian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome species of thrips have evolved predatory behaviours, with their reported prey range including thrips, mites, scale‐insects, whitefly, psyllid nymphs, and eggs of moths and beetles. However, our current understanding of the biology and potential of these thrips as biological control agents is insufficient, limiting our understanding of their role in pest management. This paper assesses published information on the diversity of predatory thrips and the available biological data on their diet breadth. About 100 species within three different families – Aeolothripidae, Phlaeothripidae and Thripidae – seem likely to be predatory, although some conclusions are speculative. Both facultative and obligate predators can be found among the species with prey records. Obligate predators feed primarily on arthropod tissues, whereas facultative predators consume plant tissues in addition to prey. Quantitative information regarding developmental biology, longevity and fecundity, was obtained for only 11 species. Obligate predators, particularly members of Scolothrips and Franklinothrips, are efficient biological control agents. To better augment the use of predatory thrips in pest management, further increased investment in mass rearing, life history and ecological studies, including interactions with other organisms and their habitat, are needed on these natural enemies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Gambogenic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy through ROS‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress via JNK pathway in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Wu Jianjian , Wang Dejuan , Zhou Jiuyao , Li Juntao , Xie Ruoxin , Li Yiyuan , Huang Jiayu , Liu Bihao , Qiu Jianguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in males, which frequently develops into castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with limited therapies. Gambogenic acid (GNA), a flavonoids compound isolated from Gamboge, exhibits anti‐tumor capacity in various cancers. Our results showed that GNA revealed not only antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic activities but also the induction of autophagy in PCa cells. In addition, autophagy inhibitor chloroquine enhanced the pro‐apoptosis effect of GNA. Moreover, the activation of JNK pathway and the induction of apoptosis and autophagy triggered by GNA were attenuated by JNK inhibitor SP600125. We also found that GNA significantly promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Meanwhile, suppressing ER stress with 4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA) markedly blocked the activation of JNK pathway induced by GNA. Further research indicated that ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) effectively abrogated ER stress and JNK pathway activation induced by GNA. Furthermore, NAC and 4‐PBA significantly reversed GNA‐triggered apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, GNA remarkably suppressed prostate tumor growth with low toxicity in vivo. In conclusion, the present study revealed that GNA induced apoptosis and autophagy through ROS‐mediated ER stress via JNK signaling pathway in PCa cells. Thus, GNA might be a promising therapeutic drug against PCa.
Distributed containment control of networked uncertain MIMO pure‐feedback nonlinear systems via quantized state feedback and communication
Authors: Kim Byung Mo , Yoo Sung Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article presents a distributed adaptive containment control strategy using quantized state feedback and communication for uncertain multiple‐input‐multiple‐output pure‐feedback nonlinear multi‐agent systems with state quantization. It is assumed that quantized state variables of multiple followers and quantized outputs of multiple dynamic leaders are only available for constructing local adaptive feedback controllers of followers under a directed network. Compared with existing containment control approaches, the primary contribution of this study is dealing with discontinuously quantized state feedback and communication problems for containment control design in the presence of unknown nonaffine nonlinearities. Based on quantized state and communication information, local adaptive neural network trackers of followers and their adaptive tuning laws are developed to guarantee that the trajectories of all followers converge to the dynamic convex hull spanned by the multiple leaders regardless of unknown pure‐feedback nonlinearities. By analyzing the stability of the local quantization errors between quantized signals and original signals, we prove the boundedness of all closed‐loop signals and the convergence of the containment errors to a sufficiently small domain around the origin. Simulation examples involving flexible‐joint manipulators are presented to validate the proposed quantized feedback scheme.
The economic cost of hydropower environmental constraints under decreasing price volatility
Authors: Huuki Hannu , Karhinen Santtu , Ashraf Faisal Bin , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Marttila Hannu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydropower operation optimization in river systems involves market prices, technological constraints affecting the efficiency of turbines, and flow constraints set by an environmental regulator. Comprehensive environmental flow regulation includes the ecological state of a river system and the impact on hydropower value. This article studies the impacts of environmental constraints on hydropower value under varying electricity price volatility scenarios. The effects of maximum flow, minimum flow, and flow ramping constraints are studied analytically and quantitatively. We frame the lost hydropower value as the economic cost of these constraints. We show that the economic costs of the environmental constraints decrease with lower price volatility. We use a marginal cost and marginal benefit framework to illustrate that the optimal flow constraint should be tightened if the price volatility decreases in the electricity market. Our approach illustrates how electricity price volatility influences the analysis of optimal environmental constraints in regulated river systems. Finally, we analyse the effect of different environmental flow release options in fishways on the economic cost of a fishway. If the hydropower operator can optimize the fishway flow allocation, then the loss in hydropower value is lower than under a constant fishway flow.
Is there room for science at aquariums? An analysis of family conversations and interactions during visits to AquaRio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Massarani Luisa , Ibanes Aguiar Bruna , Magalhães de Araujo Juliana , Scalfi Graziele , Kauano Rafael , Bizerra Alessandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we use a mixed methods approach to analyze the conversational content and interactions constituting five family groups' visits to the Marine Aquarium of Rio de Janeiro (AquaRio), the largest marine aquarium in South America, to understand how families interact with science and construct meaning regarding science and conservation. The audiovisual records of the family groups were analyzed using categories that investigate the types of interactions and conversations that may take place in scientific‐cultural venues. The results suggest that, throughout the visits, family members were driven by their observation and contemplation of the animals on exhibit to interact with each other to share information about marine biodiversity and its conservation. The adults, children, and explainers all had fundamental roles in the construction of dialogues on scientific topics. The adults adopted behaviors that facilitated learning, made associations with previous experiences, read panels, and contextualized the information to their family's reality. The children were notable for their protagonism, asking questions, giving explanations, and sharing their previous knowledge, experiences and opinions about the animals and the conservation of marine biodiversity based on scientific reasoning. Therefore, this study provides evidence of the important role that AquaRio could play in providing opportunities for families to have conversations about biodiversity and conservation while raising awareness about the impacts of human activities on the oceans.
Molecular and Electronic Structures, Spectra, Electrochemistry and Anti‐bacterial Efficacy of Novel Heterocyclic Hydrazones of Phenanthrenequinone and Their Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Dinda Soumitra , Maitra Debapriya , Roy Bedaprana , Khan Prattusha , Samajdar Aratrika , Mitra Arup Kumar , Roy Subhadip , Mondal Arpan , Pramanik Kausikisankar , Ganguly Sanjib 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA pair of tridentate ligands incorporating heterocyclic hydrazones of 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone viz,. pyridyl‐hydrazino‐phenathrenequinone HLPy 1a and benzothiazolyl‐hydrazino‐phenathrenequinone HLBenz 1b have been synthesized and both behave as monoanionic towards nickel(II), forming meridional octahedral complexes of type [Ni(LPy)2] 2a and [Ni(LBenz)2] 2b as evident from single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The complexes are electro‐active in solution and nature of redox orbitals has been analysed by theoretical means. They display two oxidative and two reductive responses that have been ascribed to the redox processes of coordinated ligands. The electronic absorption spectral patterns of two complexes are analogous barring the fact that lower energy transition for 2b is marginally bathochromically shifted relative to that of 2a and it has been clarified by TD‐DFT studies. Anti‐bacterial efficacy of the ligands HLPy 1a, HLBenz 1b and complexes [Ni(LPy)2] 2a, [Ni(LBenz)2] 2b against four Gram‐positive and four Gram‐negative strains has been explored. [Ni(LPy)2] 2a exhibits more pronounced efficacy than [Ni(LBenz)2] 2b and these are greater than those of the corresponding ligands. The mode of action of 2a is essential via DNA damage while protein leakage and membrane lipid damage were observed upon treatment with 2b.
Synthesis of arylacylated oxindoles via visible light‐promoted Smiles rearrangement
Authors: Liu Yihuo , Ding Siyu , Xu Mingli , Xu Jinli , Cheng Dongping , Wang Hong , Xu Xiaoliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA visible‐light‐promoted radical tandem reaction of N‐arylsulfonyl‐acrylamides with α‐oxocarboxylic acids is described. It undergoes decarboxylation, Smiles rearrangement, and intramolecular cyclization under mild reaction conditions, providing a series of arylacylated oxindoles with potential pharmacological activities.
A COMPARISON OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY WATER SPLITTING ON THE SURFACE OF α‐, δ‐ AND γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Ali Imran , Imanova Gunel , Agayev Teymur , Aliyev Anar , Alharbi Omar M. L. , Alsubaie Abdullah , Almalki Abdulraheem S. A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWater splitting is becoming one of the most important processes for producing green fuel hydrogen. Among various materials, alumina provides the best surface for water splitting to generate green energy hydrogen. Therefore, radiation‐catalytic and radiation‐thermocatalytic activities of the polymorphic forms of Al2O3 (α‐, δ‐, γ‐) in the water decomposition process were studied at various temperatures. It is established that γ‐Al2O3 has relatively high radiation‐catalytic properties in the process of water decomposition. The maximum yields of the radiation‐chemical molecular hydrogen at 873 K for 30 hrs were 4.5, 5.8, and 7.0 N(H2)×10−18 molecules/g for α‐, δ‐ and γ‐Al2O3; indicating the best performance of γ‐Al2O3. The pattern of accumulation of localized states of non‐equilibrium charge carriers in polymorphic forms of γ‐Al2O3 was determined. Furthermore, the proposed mechanisms of energy transfer and lengths of energy transfer in radiation‐heterogeneous processes of water decomposition were determined. The developed method may be used to produce hydrogen fuel on a large scale.
Burnout in the sonographic environment: The identification and exploration of the causes of sonographer burnout and strategies for prevention and control
Authors: Younan Kerolloss , Walkley Daniel , Quinton Ann Elizabeth , Alphonse Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltrasound is a diagnostic tool with many advantages, however, concerns over operator wellbeing have arisen in the last 20 years. Many sonographers experience burnout, which has the potential to cause financial loss for radiology clinics, and for sonographers, suboptimal examinations, high turnover and a reduced ability to communicate with patients. The aim of this narrative review was to explore, identify and categorise the causes of burnout in the sonography profession, and to identify burnout prevention and control strategies. A literature search was conducted through Central Queensland University library, accessing the following electronic databases; Wiley Online Library, Gale Academic, Ovid, Sagepub, CINAHL, Elsevier Science Direct, PubMed and ProQuest. Eight articles were reviewed. This study identified two key themes contributing to sonographer burnout: delivering adverse news and increased workload. Twelve causes of burnout were identified, with exposure to adverse news and time constraints the most commonly identified causes. In addition, other causes identified included managerial pressures to perform more scans/tasks within a short‐time frame, followed by the constant exposure to adverse news and the burden of delivering it to patients. Recommendations include considering reducing the required number of scans per week by increasing appointment times, counselling and skills training for adverse news delivery and use of technical assistants to perform soft tasks. Current literature relating to sonographer burnout appears isolated to the obstetrics domain with further study required on sonographer burnout in other fields of sonography, including burnout because of lack of career progression.
Developmental light deprivation transiently reduces the expression of vGluT2 and GluN2B in the rat ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Reyes‐Méndez Miriam E. , Herrera‐Zamora J. Manuel , Osuna‐Lopez Fernando , Aguilar‐Martínez Irving S. , Góngora‐Alfaro José L. , Navarro‐Polanco Ricardo A. , Sánchez‐Pastor Enrique , Moreno‐Galindo Eloy G. , Alamilla Javier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the most important circadian clock in mammals. The SCN synchronizes to environmental light via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), which is an axon cluster derived from melanopsin‐expressing intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Investigations on the development of the nonimage‐forming pathway and the RHT are scarce. Previous studies imply that light stimulation during postnatal development is not needed to make the RHT functional at adult stages. Here, we examined the effects of light deprivation (i.e., constant darkness (DD) rearing) during postnatal development on the expression in the ventral SCN of two crucial proteins for the synchronization of circadian rhythms to light: the presynaptic vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (vGluT2) and the GluN2B subunit of the postsynaptic NMDA receptor. We found that animals submitted to DD conditions exhibited a transitory reduction in the expression of vGluT2 (at P12–19) and of GluN2B (at P7–9) that was compensated at older stages. These findings support the hypothesis that visual stimulation during early ages is not decisive for normal development of the RHT‐SCN pathway.
Pet management practices of frog and turtle owners in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Howell Tiffani J. , Warwick Clifford , Bennett Pauleen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAvailable empirical evidence suggests that pet animals do not always experience an optimal welfare state. However, most pet welfare research has focused on dogs and cats, with less research investigating amphibians and reptiles. The aim of this study was to characterise how owners of pet frogs and turtles in Victoria, Australia, attempted to meet their pets’ welfare needs.MethodsPet frog owners (n = 128) and turtle owners (n = 60) completed an online survey, comprising questions about how they managed their pets’ environmental, behavioural, social, nutritional and physical health needs.ResultsFor both frogs and turtles, positive and negative welfare indicators were found. Owners described pet enclosures as waterproof and escape‐proof. However, fewer than 20% of owners of either pet type had an enclosure size that met the minimum standards described in the relevant Code of Practice.LimitationsBecause this study relied on self‐reporting, future research should directly observe animals under household care to provide a more objective measure of welfare.ConclusionPet frogs and turtles in Victoria, Australia, may not always be experiencing an optimal welfare state, despite their owners’ stated desire to care for them as well as possible.
Use of skin flaps for reconstructive surgery in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Nógrádi Anna Linda , Csatári Dóra , Cope Iain , Kertész Péter , Hetyey Csaba , Németh Tibor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the use of single‐pedicle advancement flaps in the fixed skin regions of the head, neck and paravertebral region in guinea pigs.MethodsUltrasonography was performed on the guinea pigs to visualise the vascular anatomy of the looser regions of the thorax and abdomen and the more fixed paravertebral region and neck. Flap surgeries were then planned and undertaken on seven guinea pigs, with six having tumours on the lip, under the eye, the forehead, the neck or the paravertebral pelvic region, and one having a large paravertebral pelvic scar of unknown origin altering the animal's movement. The previously recommended 2:1 flap length:base width ratio was not enough in most cases, so larger flaps (3.5:1) were required.ResultsAll seven single‐pedicle advancement flaps survived and healed with outstanding results.ConclusionThe authors recommend to use reconstructive surgery in guinea pigs when there is a need to close large or difficult wounds, even on areas of fixed skin. Adequate arterial supply and sufficient venous outflow can be provided with larger flap length:base width ratios than previously suggested and can lead to full recovery.
Modification of ultrasonic transducers to study crack propagation in vinyl polymers, supported by SEM technique
Authors: Barakat Mirham A. Y. , El‐Wakil Abd El‐Aziz A. , Hasan Ebtisam H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetecting defects in various industrial products remains a challenging task in the industry. Researchers are constantly working to improve detection techniques and tools for various defects, particularly cracks. Many industrial structures suffer from cracks. The selection of a suitable technique and/or tool is based upon the tested structures and the accuracy of the technique and/or tool. The work's novelty is the development of a fully accurate, simple, and safe ultrasonic tool for precisely scanning cracks. A pen‐shaped cone was added to the ultrasonic transducers to improve their performance. Different crosshead speeds and annealing techniques were used to cause cracks on medium density polyethylene (MDPE) and poly‐methyl‐methacrylate (PMMA) polymer plates with specific dimensions. Cone reduced the front diameter of the transducers from 12 to 2 mm (cone tip diameter). It improved the transducers by giving them new properties such as a small near field, a collimated beam, high sensitivity, and high wave reflection. The modified transducers tracked the cracks at discrete sequential sites, where the ultrasonic velocity was measured to determine the crack speed, critical crack speed, dynamic stress intensity factor, and crack branching phenomenon. Additionally, ultrasonic attenuation was measured in order to accurately determine crack growth behavior, the crack's neck zone, and the crack growth dependency on both plate thickness and annealing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed crack propagation in polymer plates. The results of ultrasonic testing and SEM evaluations were consistent. This guaranteed that the modified transducers could scan cracks accurately.
Applying mobile acoustic surveys to model bat habitat use across sinuous routes
Authors: Rojas Vanessa G. , Loeb Susan C. , O'Keefe Joy M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMobile acoustic surveys allow estimates of overall bat activity, relative abundance, and species richness across large areas. Protocols for estimating relative abundance recommend using non‐sinuous routes to ensure individual bats are only recorded once. We conducted mobile acoustic surveys along 12 sinuous routes in the mountainous terrain of northeastern Tennessee. Our objectives were to 1) determine if more calls were recorded in sinuous segments of mobile survey routes, thus violating assumptions of mobile surveys, and 2) analyze mobile transect data to assess bat habitat use. To test for effects of road sinuosity, we divided transects into ~1.6‐km segments, calculated a sinuosity value, and summed the number of identified call files recorded for each segment. Using generalized linear models, we determined sinuosity did not affect the number of identified acoustic files. We assessed habitat use for 3 bat phonic groups (Low, Mid, Myotis), comparing 10 models with temporal detection and spatial occupancy covariates. Date were informative for all phonic groups. Low and mid‐frequency bats were more likely to be detected on later survey dates within the summer, whereas Myotis bats had a higher probability of detection earlier within the season. As proportion of agriculture around the transect segment increased, probability of use by low‐frequency bats decreased. The proportion of forest surrounding the transect segment had a positive effect on use by Myotis bats. No environmental covariates were informative regarding mid‐frequency bats. We conclude that mobile acoustic surveys are an efficient method for gathering data on habitat use by bats. We recommend following guidelines set forth by the North American Bat Monitoring Program for mobile acoustic surveys but note that sinuosity of the route did not affect the number of calls recorded in our study; thus, we suggest that sinuous roads in mountainous terrain are appropriate for mobile acoustic transects.
Combined Gravity Solution from SLR and GRACE/GRACE-FO
Authors: Kang Zhigui , Ries John , Bettadpur Srinivas , Save Himanshu , Tapley Byron 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The recovery of Earth’s time variable gravity field from satellite data relied heavily on Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) before the recent GRACE and GRACE Follow-On satellite gravity missions. Currently, the monthly gravity solutions from GRACE/GRACE-FO provide important global information about the temporal variations of gravity field. However, there are a few low-degree coefficients derived from GRACE/GRACE-FO that are not well determined, because of the satellite gravity mission configuration and issues with the accelerometer data. These low-degree coefficients can be determined reasonably well using SLR data from the dedicated SLR satellite configuration and can be used to replace the less well-determined values from GRACE/GRACE-FO. A more rigorous and consistent approach is to directly combine SLR and GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity solutions in a simultaneous solution. This paper presents a combination strategy for gravity field recovery from combined SLR and GRACE/GRACE-FO mission data. To correctly account for all correlations, the combination is performed at the information (normal) equation level. The coefficients C20 and C30 are determined mainly from SLR by renaming C20 and C30 parameters in GRACE/GRACE-FO information equations. The results show that the combined products are improved in comparison with the nominal GRACE/GRACE-FO gravity solutions. The gravity field products are evaluated by comparing different gravity solutions through coefficient-wise comparison, equivalent water height variations and mass changes over selected areas.