bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors of sun protection behaviour among global airline pilots
Authors: Yong Shin Shen , Han Winn Hui , Faheem Nik Aimee Azizah , Puvan Nisha , Tan Leng Leng , Wong Su‐Ming , Kwan Zhenli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAirline pilots face significant ultraviolet radiation exposure resulting in an increased risk of sun damage and skin cancers. We aimed to evaluate sun‐protective practices and associated factors among airline pilots.MethodsWe disseminated an online questionnaire evaluating the use of sunscreen, sunglasses, hats and protective clothing during daytime hours in the cockpit and during outdoor activities to 346 global commercial airline pilots, and we received 220 completed responses. The Pearson chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test where necessary were used to determine possible factors associated with the use of sun‐protective practices. Potential confounders were adjusted for using multivariate analyses.ResultsThe most common sun protective behaviour was the wearing of sunglasses during daytime flights (89.5%), followed by the use of caps during outdoor activities (47.7%). More pilots applied sunscreen during daytime flights (14.1%) compared with walk‐arounds (8.2%). Males were less likely to use sunscreen during flights (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.76), use sunscreen for walk‐arounds (aOR = 0.175) and wear long sleeves (aOR = 0.013). Pilots who flew less than 30 h a month in high latitude regions were less likely to use a cap or hat outdoors (aOR = 0.419) or use sunscreen during walk‐arounds (aOR = 0.241). Younger pilots were also less likely to use caps or hats outdoors (aOR = 0.446).ConclusionMale pilots and those who spent less time in high latitudes were less likely to practice sun protection. Targeted educational efforts may be implemented to reduce occupational ultraviolet exposure.
Different effects of warming treatments in forests versus hedgerows on the understorey plant Geum urbanum
Authors: Fernández‐Fernández P. , Sanczuk P. , Vanneste T. , Brunet J. , Ehrlén J. , Hedwall P.‐O. , Hylander K. , Van Den Berge S. , Verheyen K. , De Frenne P. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of hedgerows as functional corridors in the face of climate warming has been little researched. Here we investigated the effects of warming temperatures on plant performance and population growth of Geum urbanum in forests versus hedgerows in two European temperate regions.

Adult individuals were transplanted in three forest–hedgerow pairs in each of two different latitudes, and an experimental warming treatment using open‐top chambers was used in a full factorial design. Plant performance was analysed using mixed models and population performance was analysed using Integral Projection Models and elasticity analyses.

Temperature increases due to open‐top chamber installation were higher in forests than in hedgerows. In forests, the warming treatment had a significant negative effect on the population growth rate of G. urbanum. In contrast, no significant effect of the warming treatment on population dynamics was detected in hedgerows. Overall, the highest population growth rates were found in the forest control sites, which was driven by a higher fecundity rather than a higher survival probability.

Effects of warming treatments on G. urbanum population growth rates differed between forests and hedgerows. In forests, warming treatments negatively affected population growth, but not in hedgerows. This could be a consequence of the overall lower warming achieved in hedgerows. We conclude that maintenance of cooler forest microclimates coul, at least temporarily, moderate the species response to climate warming.
Offshoring within South African manufacturing firms: An analysis of the labour market effects
Authors: Pretorius Anmar , Bezuidenhout Carli , Matthee Marianne , Blaauw Derick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSouth Africa's manufacturing sector experiences declining growth and labour demand, and increased imports of intermediate goods. The paper investigates the influence of offshoring on employment and wages for capital‐ and labour‐intensive industries and skilled and unskilled workers, using firm‐ and employer–employee‐level data. Unlike findings in developed countries, offshoring generally lowers employment in manufacturing firms and increases and decreases the percentage of unskilled workers and lower skilled workers, respectively. Increased narrow offshoring seemingly grows the cohort of unskilled workers, particularly in ultra‐labour‐intensive industries. As offshoring gains momentum, worker‐level earnings increase in capital‐ and labour‐intensive industries but decrease in ultra‐labour‐intensive industries.
Modal decompositions and point scatterer approximations near the Minnaert resonance frequencies
Authors: Feppon Florian , Ammari Habib 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper provides several contributions to the mathematical analysis of subwavelength resonances in a high‐contrast medium containing acoustic obstacles. Our approach is based on an exact decomposition formula which reduces the solution of the sound scattering problem to that of an dimensional linear system, and characterizes resonant frequencies as the solutions to an ‐dimensional nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Under a simplicity assumptions on the eigenvalues of the capacitance matrix, we prove the analyticity of the scattering resonances with respect to the square root of the contrast parameter, and we provide a deterministic algorithm allowing to compute all terms of the corresponding Puiseux series. We then establish a nonlinear modal decomposition formula for the scattered field as well as point scatterer approximations for the far‐field pattern of the sound wave scattered by bodies. As a prerequisite to our analysis, a first part of the work establishes various novel results about the capacitance matrix and its symmetry properties, since qualitative properties of the resonances, such as the leading order of the scattering frequencies or of the corresponding far‐field pattern are closely related to its spectral decomposition.
Service learning and the medical student affective domain
Authors: Bartz Deborah , Pelletier Andrea , Alexander Erik K. , Osman Nora Y. , Johnson Natasha R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Association of American Medical College (AAMC) requires all students to demonstrate four core attributes: knowledge, skills, altruism and dutifulness. A formal service‐learning curriculum may serve to explicitly foster altruism and dutifulness in the affective domain of Bloom's taxonomy as well as proactively improve student well‐being.ApproachAll Harvard Medical School students enrolled in the Principal Clinical Experience (PCE) programme in the 2018–2019 academic year at Brigham and Women's Hospital were excused from clerkship responsibilities and given the opportunity to participate in a half‐day team‐based community‐service intervention at a not‐for‐profit organisation in Boston, MA. Following the service‐learning initiative, we examined student compassion, civic responsibility, well‐being and team cooperativeness using validated survey questions, supplemented by free‐text feedback.EvaluationForty‐five of the 55 PCE students (82%) attended the outing. Overall, 68% of students found the outing to be valuable and 23% somewhat valuable. On a scale of 0–20, students reported very high self‐perception of compassion (mean = 19.9), civic responsibility (mean = 19.7) and team development and composition (mean = 19.1), after the event. Students reported lower perceptions of personal well‐being (mean = 17.5), but emotional wellness was the most frequently mentioned theme in open response.ImplicationsIncorporation of a team‐based service‐learning activity contributes to the students' community understanding, empathy and class team building. Utilisation of a published framework in the development of this initiative likely contributed to its success. Given our findings, we plan further expansion of this service learning longitudinally through the 4‐year curriculum to potentially strengthen the affective domain for students further.
The RNA binding protein OsLa influences grain and anther development in rice
Authors: Guo Hongming , Cui Yuchao , Huang Linjuan , Ge Li , Xu Xiaorong , Xue Danyang , Tang Ming , Zheng Jingsheng , Yi Yin , Chen Liang 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYLa proteins are found widely in eukaryotes and play a variety of vital roles. AtLa1 has been identified as an La protein that is necessary for embryogenesis in Arabidopsis; however, the existence and biological functions of La proteins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized two La proteins in rice that are homologous to AtLa1 and named them OsLa1 and OsLa2. Both the OsLa1 and OsLa2 genes encode RNA‐binding proteins with an La domain and two RNA‐binding domains. Mutant OsLa1 reduced grain length and pollen fertility, whereas OsLa1 overexpression caused the opposite phenotypes. Further experiments indicated that OsLa1 modulates grain size by influencing cell expansion. Interestingly, mutant OsLa2 resulted in thin grains with decreased weight and a low seed‐setting rate. We also found that OsLa1 interacted with OsLa2 and that both OsLa1 and OsLa2 interacted with OseIF6.1, a eukaryotic translation initiation factor involved in ribosome biogenesis. In addition, OsLa1 was able to bind to OseIF6.1 mRNA to modulate its expression. Complete OseIF6.1 knockout caused lethality and OseIF6.1/oseif6.1 heterozygous plants displayed low fertility and low seed setting. Together, our results enrich our knowledge of the role of La proteins in rice growth and development, as well as the relationship between La and eIF6 in rice.
Process Monitoring and Estimation of Material Properties of Additively Manufactured Components Using Model-Based Inversion of Process Compensated Resonance Testing Data
Authors: Heffernan Julieanne , Mayes Alexander , Höhn Niklas , Bach Martin , Widmayer Ira , Biedermann Eric , Jauriqui Leanne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certification of additively manufactured (AM) parts and qualification of AM processes, suppliers, and machines for aerospace applications involve significant mechanical testing, cost, and time. The AM community requires capabilities for fast, affordable, and effective certification and qualification. These capabilities include rapid component and model validation, characterization of process and geometry impact on material properties, build and process monitoring, and effective nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) uses the resonance frequencies of a component to rapidly detect defective parts, monitor build and processes and post-processing, characterize material properties, and can be used as a basis for model validation. This study examines the use of PCRT model-based inversion to nondestructively determine the material properties of as-built titanium AM components. Over 100 samples were printed with intentional variations in build parameters, with the intention to produce generic “acceptable” and “unacceptable” components. PCRT modeling tools were then used to train the inversion code algorithms. The model-based inversion estimated the elastic properties of the as-built parts as well as a residual fit error, identifying several components with outlying properties. Parts were then mechanically tested, and the outliers were confirmed. As PCRT model-inversion is a powerful NDE method, several examples are described showing how inversion results can augment traditional AM inspection techniques.
Greenland tidewater glacier advanced rapidly during era of Norse settlement
Authors: Pearce Danni M. , Lea James M. , Mair Douglas W.F. , Rea Brice R. , Schofield J. Edward , Kamenos Nicholas A. , Schoenrock Kathryn M. , Stachnik Lukasz , Lewis Bonnie , Barr Iestyn , Mottram Ruth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Our ability to improve prognostic modeling of the Greenland Ice Sheet relies on understanding the long-term relationships between climate and mass flux (via iceberg calving) from marine-terminating tidewater glaciers (TWGs). Observations of recent TWG behavior are widely available, but long-term records of TWG advance are currently lacking. We present glacial geomorphological, sedimentological, archaeological, and modeling data to reconstruct the ~20 km advance of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS; the largest tidewater glacier in southwest Greenland) during the first half of the past millennium. The data show that KNS advanced ~15 km during the 12th and 13th centuries CE at a rate of ~115 m a−1, contemporaneous with regional climate cooling toward the Little Ice Age and comparable to rates of TWG retreat witnessed over the past ~200 years. Presence of Norse farmsteads proximal to KNS demonstrates their resilience to climate change, manifest as a rapidly advancing TWG in a cooling climate. The results place limits on the magnitude of ice-margin advance and demonstrate TWG sensitivity to climate cooling as well as warming. These data combined with our grounding-line stability analysis provide a long-term record that validates approaches to numerical modeling aiming to link calving to climate.
Magmatism at oceanic core complexes on the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge: Insights from near-seafloor magnetics
Authors: Zhou Fei , Dyment Jérôme , Tao Chunhui , Wu Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Oceanic core complexes (OCCs) and detachment faults play a key role in crustal accretion at slow and ultraslow spreading centers. We investigated the effect of different magma supply at three OCCs of the Southwest Indian Ridge using high-resolution deep-sea bathymetric and magnetic data. The average equivalent thickness of extrusive basalt deduced from the magnetic anomalies, a proxy for magma supply, decreases from west to east, from the Yuhuang (49.25°E) to Longqi (49.65°E) to Junhui (51.75°E) OCCs. Conversely, serpentinite outcrops become more abundant, the domal OCC morphology flattens as the footwall rotation (measured by the magnetization vector inclination) increases, and hydrothermal evidence becomes sparse. Combined with results from the amagmatic easternmost Southwest Indian Ridge, our study shows that the magma supply controls the character and evolution of the OCCs and detachment faults on the Southwest Indian Ridge.
Unsaturated wetting deformation characteristics of a granite rockfill under rainfall conditions
Authors: Wu Yongkang , Yin Yin , Zhang Bingyin , Sun Xun , Yu Yuzhen 
Published: March 2022

Rainfall-induced unsaturated wetting deformation has been one of the main sources of postconstruction deformations of rockfill structures. An experimental study is presented of the unsaturated wetting deformation characteristics of a weakly weathered granite rockfill under different triaxial stress conditions and rainfall intensities investigated by a modified triaxial apparatus equipped with the newly developed rainfall simulator. Results show that the wetting deformation of rockfill materials occurs at a relatively small water content; when the rockfill reaches a critical wetting point (i.e., the effective water content), additional water does not produce more deformations. It is shown that the tested rockfill material has an effective water content of <6.89%, with a corresponding effective degree of saturation of <17.26%. Moreover, the unsaturated wetting deformation can be classified into two components: the instantaneous wetting deformation that occurs during rockfill wetting and exhibits properties of parallelism and the wet-state creep deformation that occurs time-dependently after the rockfill is wetted and shows features similar to those of general creep deformation, suggesting that unsaturated wetting can be considered as a generalized load. Finally, by introducing the two-stage wetting deformation model, the experimental curves of axial strain and volumetric strain against time were well predicted.
Numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat characteristics of a roughened solar air heater with novel V-shaped ribs
Authors: Allauddin Usman , Khan Waqar A. , Ali Saim E. , Haider Syed M.M. , Ahmed Abdul S. , Rehman Abdur , Verdin Patrick G. 
Published: March 2022

Solar air heaters convert clean solar energy into useable heat and thus have a wide range of applications. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can aid in the design and development of solar air heaters with optimized thermal efficiency. A detailed numerical study was conducted to investigate the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a roughened solar air heater with novel V-shaped ribs having staggered elements. Three-dimensional steady-state numerical simulations were performed using the k− ε Re-Normalisation Group (RNG) turbulence model, and results were found to be in excellent agreement with experimental data. The effect of rib spacing was studied through varying the rib pitch to rib height ratio P: e = 6–14, for Reynolds numbers (Re) in the range of 4000–14 000. A significant enhancement in the rib-roughened solar air heater's thermal performance was observed. It was also established that an increment in P: e from 6 to 10 increases the Nusselt number (Nu) for all Re values investigated. About 72.6% Nu enhancement was predicted for P: e = 10 at Re = 12 000. It was further observed that an increment in P: e from 10 to 14 decreases the Nu for all values of Re considered.
Resonant superalgebras for supergravity
Authors: Durka Remigiusz , Graczyk Krzysztof M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConsidering supergravity theory is a natural step in the development of gravity models. This paper follows the “algebraic“ path and constructs possible extensions of the Poincaré and Anti-de-Sitter algebras, which inherit their basic commutation structure. Previously achieved results of this type are fragmentary and show only a limited fraction of possible algebraic realizations. Our paper presents the newly obtained symmetry algebras, evaluated within an efficient pattern-based computational method of generating the so-called ‘resonating’ algebraic structures. These supersymmetric extensions of algebras, going beyond the Poincaré and Anti-de Sitter ones, contain additional bosonic generators $$Z_{ab}$$

Z

ab

(Lorentz-like), and $$U_a$$

U
a

(translational-like) added to the standard Lorentz generator $$J_{ab}$$

J

ab

and translation generator $$P_{a}$$

P
a

. Our analysis includes all cases up to two fermionic supercharges, $$Q_{\alpha }$$

Q
α

and $$Y_{\alpha }$$

Y
α

. The delivered plethora of superalgebras includes few past results and offers a vastness of new examples. The list of the cases is complete and contains all superalgebras up to two of Lorentz-like, translation-like, and supercharge-like generators $$(JP+Q)+(ZU+Y)=JPZU+QY$$

(
J
P
+
Q
)
+
(
Z
U
+
Y
)
=
J
P
Z
U
+
Q
Y

. In the latter class, among 667 founded superalgebras, the 264 are suitable for direct supergravity construction. For each of them, one can construct a unique supergravity model defined by the Lagrangian. As an example, we consider one of the algebra configurations and provide its Lagrangian realization.
Depressive Symptoms and Incident Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Findings From the REGARDS Study
Authors: Khodneva Yulia , Goyal Parag , Levitan Emily B. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Oparil Suzanne , Sterling Madeline R. , Cherrington Andrea L. , Durant Raegan , Safford Monika M. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Depressive symptoms are risk factors for several forms of cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether depressive symptoms are associated with incident heart failure (HF), including hospitalization for HF overall or by subtype: HF with preserved (HFpEF) or reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and Results

Among 26 268 HF‐free participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke) study, a prospective biracial cohort of US community‐dwelling adults ≥45 years, baseline depressive symptoms were defined as a score ≥4 on the 4‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Incident HF hospitalizations were expert‐adjudicated and categorized as HFpEF (EF ≥50%) and HFrEF, including mid‐range EF (EF<50%). Over a median of 9.2 [IQR 6.2–10.9] years of follow‐up, there were 872 incident HF hospitalizations, 526 among those without CHD and 334 among those with CHD. The age‐adjusted HF hospitalization incidence rates per 1000 person‐years were 4.9 (95% CI 4.0–5.9) for participants with depressive symptoms versus 3.2 (95% CI 3.0–3.5) for those without depressive symptoms (
P
<0.001). For overall HF, the elevated risk became attenuated after controlling for covariates. When HFpEF was assessed separately, depressive symptoms were associated with incident hospitalization after controlling for all covariates (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.00–2.18) among those without baseline CHD. In contrast, depressive symptoms were not associated with incident HFrEF hospitalizations.

Conclusions
Among individuals free of CHD at baseline, depressive symptoms were associated with incident hospitalization for HFpEF, but not for HFrEF, or among those with baseline CHD.
Deoxycholic Acid and Coronary Artery Calcification in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
Authors: Jovanovich Anna , Cai Xuan , Frazier Rebecca , Bundy Josh D. , He Jiang , Rao Panduranga , Lora Claudia , Dobre Mirela , Go Alan , Shafi Tariq , Feldman Harold I. , Rhee Eugene P. , Miyazaki Makoto , Isakova Tamara , Chonchol Michel , Appel Lawrence J. , Chen Jing , Lash James P. , Nelson Robert G. , Rahman Mahboob , Rao Panduranga S , Shah Vallabh O. , Townsend Raymond R. , Unruh Mark L. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a secondary bile acid that may promote vascular calcification in experimental settings. Higher DCA levels were associated with prevalent coronary artery calcification (CAC) in a small group of individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease. Whether DCA levels are associated with CAC prevalence, incidence, and progression in a large and diverse population of individuals with chronic kidney disease stages 2 to 4 is unknown.

Methods and Results
In the CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) study, we evaluated cross‐sectional (n=1057) and longitudinal (n=672) associations between fasting serum DCA levels and computed tomographic CAC using multivariable‐adjusted regression models. The mean age was 57±12 years, 47% were women, and 41% were Black. At baseline, 64% had CAC (CAC score >0 Agatston units). In cross‐sectional analyses, models adjusted for demographics and clinical factors showed no association between DCA levels and CAC >0 compared with no CAC (prevalence ratio per 1‐SD higher log DCA, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.91–1.26). DCA was not associated with incident CAC (incidence per 1‐SD greater log DCA, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.85–1.39]) or CAC progression (risk for increase in ≥100 and ≥200 Agatston units per year per 1‐SD greater log DCA, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.84–1.31] and 1.26 [95% CI, 0.77–2.06], respectively).

Conclusions
Among CRIC study participants, DCA was not associated with prevalent, incident, or progression of CAC.