bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of immunotherapy with autologous activated T-lymphocytes on clinical parameters and quality of life in patients with allergic bronchial asthma
Authors: Makarova A. E. , Blinova E. A. , Pashkina E. A. , Nepomnyashchikh V. M. , Leonova M. I. , Demina D. V. , Kozlov V. A. 
Published: April 2022

Aim. To assess the impact of autologous activated T-lymphocyte immunotherapy on clinical parameters and quality of life in patients with allergic bronchial asthma (BA) in comparison with patients with allergic BA who received standard therapy.Materials and methods. A non-randomized, pilot study included 19 patients with allergic BA of moderate severity (7 men and 12 women aged 23–61 years, average age – 38.5 ± 4.3 years) who received the T-cell vaccine (n = 12) and standard therapy with inhaled glucocorticoids, short- and long-acting β2-adrenergic agonists (n = 7). After signing an informed consent, the patients were subcutaneously injected with autologous activated T-lymphocytes with a frequency of 4 injections 1 time / week, and then 6 injections 1 time / month. The research methods included asthma control measurement according to the ACQ-5 questionnaire and quality of life assessment according to the AQLQ(S) questionnaire. Clinical data were collected during lung function tests and by measuring the total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level.Results. In the course of the study, the immunotherapy was well tolerated, no systemic adverse reactions were noted. The treatment approach in the patients who received the T-cell vaccine resulted in significant improvement of asthma control parameters (according to the ACQ-5 questionnaire) and parameters of the patients’ quality of life (according to the AQLQ(S) questionnaire) within all 4 categories. Besides, their lung function improved by the end of treatment, and the total IgE level decreased. No significant changes in these parameters were observed during the follow-up in patients who received standard therapy. The study was conducted before immunotherapy, after 2 months (after 5 injections), and after 7 months (after 10 injections).Conclusion. Evaluation of the impact of immunotherapy with autologous activated T-lymphocytes on the clinical parameters and quality of life in patients with BA indicates effectiveness of treatment in patients with allergic BA.
The effect of an aminoguanidine derivative on adjuvant arthritis in rats
Authors: Motov V. S. , Bykov V. V. , Bykova A. V. , Vengerovskii A. I. 
Published: April 2022

Aim. To study anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and possible ulcerogenic effects of a novel aminoguanidine derivative in adjuvant arthritis (a model of rheumatoid arthritis) in rats.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 42 outbred male Sprague Dawley rats. After modeling arthritis (starting from day 7 after the administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant), intramuscular injections of the aminoguanidine derivative (code LIS-M) at a dose of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg / kg or the reference drug diclofenac at a dose of 4 mg / kg were performed once a day for 22 days. The volume of the inflamed limb was measured twice a week, pain threshold was measured every week. After finishing the administration of the compounds, the levels of interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were measured in rat plasma, the ankle joint was histologically studied, and the gastric mucosa was studied to detect damage, ulcers, and scarring.Results. The aminoguanidine derivative, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, was more effective at the dose of 10 mg / kg than diclofenac at the dose of 4 mg / kg. It had anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the joint affected by complete Freund’s adjuvant, promoted restoration of the histologic structure in the synovial membrane and articular cartilage, and reduced the plasma concentration of IL-1, IL-6, and TNFα by 1.4–1.5 times. The LIS-M compound did not damage the gastric mucosa in rats with adjuvant arthritis.Conclusion. The aminoguanidine derivative LIS-M exerts potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in adjuvant arthritis in rats (a model of rheumatoid arthritis). LIS-M has no ulcerogenic effect on the gastric mucosa in rats.
Understanding the Deformation Structures and Tectonics of the Active Orogenic Fold-Thrust Belt: Insights from the Outer Indo-Burman Ranges
Authors: Hossain Md. Sakawat , Ao Songjian , Mondal Tridib Kumar , Sain Arnab , Khan Md. Sharif Hossain , Xiao Wenjiao , Zhang Pengpeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The tectonic deformation of the outer Indo-Burman Ranges (i.e., Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt, CTFB) is associated with the oblique convergence of Indo-Burmese plates since the latest Miocene. This article presents detailed field evidence of deformation structures and their kinematics in the exposed Tertiary successions in the CTFB. We combine observations made in this study with the published structural, geodetic, and seismic data sets to present an overview of the active tectonic framework of the region and its strain partitioning. To determine the kinematic evolution, décollement depth, and amount of strain, we combined geologic field mapping, structural analysis of fifteen anticlines, fracture/lineament analysis, and paleostress analysis of faults that define the ∼100 km wide CTFB. Structural data and kinematic analyses suggest subhorizontal plane strain with approximately 10% east-west shortening (oriented ~65°) that is perpendicular to the axial plane (oriented ~155°) of the CTFB anticlines. No evidence of significant transpression or strike-slip faulting has been observed in the CTFB and, therefore, suggests that full slip-partitioning is normal to the outer belt and parallel to the inner belt of the IBR. Paleostress analysis results are in good agreement with the present-day stress regime, and this implies that past and present deformation is dynamically related with the normal component of India-Burma oblique vector velocity motion.
New Mechanistic Approach to Trapped Foam in Population-Balance Model Enabling Improved Prediction of N2 and CO2 Foams Rheology in Porous Media
Authors: Ma Kun , Mateen Khalid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As reported in the literature, CO2 foam/emulsion flow in porous media is generally weaker than N2 foam under the same experimental conditions. Additionally, the steady-state CO2-foam quality scan has relatively a more flattened shape in the low-quality foam regime, besides the foam apparent viscosity showing a more gradual transition from the high-quality to low-quality foam regime. These characteristics are not fully captured by the existing foam models and could be indicative of different underlying physics in CO2 foam.
Our new model is based on the trapped bubble concept at the pore level. On trapping, the trapped foam lamellae undergo a series of movement and merging events driven by gas diffusion, and they end up at a stationary position near the pore throat. In our approach, the yield stress of trapped foam, which is the total pressure gradient resulting from the effective number of lamellae in the direction of flow, is taken equal to the flowing foam pressure gradient estimated through the bubble population-balance approach. In this new model, the maximum flowing foam texture is updated based on the trapped foam texture established. There is, therefore, a consequential dependance of the flowing foam pressure gradient on the trapped foam texture.
Automatic parameter regressions and sensitivity studies have been conducted with both an existing population-balance model and our new model. The results show that both models can fit the N2-foam data, but our new model fits the CO2-foam steady-state data significantly better than the existing population-balance model in both high-and low-quality flow regimes. Our analysis shows that the limiting capillary pressure and the flowing foam texture are crucial for correctly fitting the transition between the high- and low-quality regimes. Matching the gradual transition in the steady-state CO2-foam data helps better estimate the foam generation/coalescence rates.
An important novel feature of our model is that it distinguishes the flowing and trapped foam texture, which was not achieved in the literature. With this new feature capturing the physics of trapped foam, our model paves the way for further understanding of the mechanisms of CO2 foam/emulsion flow in porous media for various applications.
Towards Quantitative Approach to Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Leakage from CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery Fields
Authors: Chen Bailian , Mehana Mohamed Z. , Pawar Rajesh J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Greenhouse gas (mainly CO2 and CH4) leakage from abandoned wells in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) sites is a long-standing environmental concern and health hazard. Although multiple CO2 capture, utilization, and storage programs (e.g., CarbonSAFE, Regional Carbon Storage Partnerships) have been developed in the U.S. to reach the net-zero emission target by 2050, one cannot neglect the significant amount of CO2 and CH4 leakage from abandoned wells. This study will investigate the potential of CO2 and oil components (e.g., CH4) leakages from the abandoned wellbore and develop the first-ever quantitative approach to evaluating CO2 and oil component leakage from a CO2-EOR field.
We conducted wellbore leakage analysis for the CO2-EOR field. A numerical model which has aquifer, caprock, and reservoir components was developed. We used C1, C4, and C10 to represent the light, intermediate and heavy components of crude oil, respectively. All the required simulations were performed using Eclipse 300. We quantified the CO2/oil components leakage through the wellbore to the aquifer by varying abandoned reservoir pressure, effective wellbore permeability, caprock thickness, residual oil saturation, etc. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to investigate the impact of uncertain characteristics (including reservoir depth, net-to-gross ratio, reservoir permeability, residual oil saturation, and mole fractions of oil components) on CO2 and oil components (e.g., CH4) leakages. After that, we developed a set of reduced-order models (ROMs) to predict CO2/oil components leakages through abandoned wellbore using a supervised machine learning technique.
We observed that in addition to a large amount of CO2 leakage, a significant amount of light and intermediate oil components (i.e., C1 and C4) leaked through the wellbore. In contrast, a minimal amount of heavy oil component (C10) leaked. Oil components’ leakage is mainly through the gas phase rather than the liquid phase (relevant figures for mole fraction distributions of CO2/oil components in gas and oil phases are not shown). We observed that CO2 leakage is positively correlated to reservoir depth, wellbore pressure, and permeability through sensitivity analysis. In contrast, it is negatively related to net-to-gross ratio, residual oil saturation, and mole fraction of CH4. On the other hand, oil component leakages (C1 and C4) are positively correlated to all uncertain parameters, except the net-to-gross ratio. Lastly, the ROMs generated using the machine learning technique have a relatively high fidelity.
Oil Recovery Prediction for Polymer Flood Field Test of Heavy Oil on Alaska North Slope Via Machine Assisted Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Keith Cody Douglas , Wang Xindan , Zhang Yin , Dandekar Abhijit Y , Ning Samson , Wang Dongmei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The first ever polymer flood field pilot to enhance the recovery of heavy oils on the Alaska North Slope is ongoing. This study constructs and calibrates a reservoir simulation model to predict the oil recovery performance of the pilot through machine-assisted reservoir simulation techniques. To replicate the early water breakthrough observed during waterflooding, transmissibility contrasts are introduced into the simulation model, forcing viscous fingering effects. In the ensuing polymer flood, these transmissibility contrasts are reduced to replicate the restoration of injection conformance during polymer flooding, as indicated by a significant decrease in water cut. Later, transmissibility contrasts are reinstated to replicate a water surge event observed in one of the producing wells during polymer flooding. This event may represent decreased injection conformance from fracture overextension; its anticipated occurrence in the other production well is included in the final forecast. The definition of polymer retention in the simulator incorporates the tailing effect reported in laboratory studies; this tailing effect is useful to the simultaneous history match of producing water cut and produced polymer concentration. The top 24 best-matched simulation models produced at each stage of the history matching process are used to forecast oil recovery. The final forecast clearly demonstrates that polymer flooding significantly increases the heavy oil production for this field pilot compared to waterflooding alone. This exercise displays that a simulation model is only valid for prediction if flow behavior in the reservoir remains consistent with that observed during the history matched period. Critically, this means that a simulation model calibrated for waterflooding may not fully capture the benefits of an enhanced oil recovery process such as polymer flooding. Therefore, caution is recommended in using basic waterflood simulation models to scope potential enhanced oil recovery projects.
Pressure Barrier Applicability to Polymer Flood Design
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Namie Shane , Seright Randall 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Effective oil displacement from a reservoir requires adequate and properly directed pressure gradients in areas of high oil saturation. If the polymer bank is too large or too viscous during a polymer flood, the pressure drop from the injection well to the polymer front may act as a pressure barrier by usurping most of the downstream driving force for oil displacement. Polymer injection pressures must be limited. The maximum allowable injection pressure is commonly constrained by caprock integrity, injection equipment, and/or regulations, even though fractures can be beneficial to polymer injectivity (and even sweep efficiency in some cases). This paper examines when the pressure-barrier concept limits the size and viscosity of the polymer bank during a polymer flood.
Both analytical and numerical methods are used to address this issue. We examine the relevance of the pressure barrier concept for a wide variety of circumstances, including oil viscosities ranging from 10-cp (like at Daqing, China) to 1650-cp (like at Pelican Lake, Alberta), vertical wells (like at Tambaredjo, Suriname) versus horizontal wells (like at Milne Point, Alaska), single versus multiple layered reservoirs, permeability contrast, and with versus with crossflow between layers. We also examine the relation between the pressure-barrier concept and fractures and fracture extension during polymer injection.
We demonstrate that in reservoirs with single layers, the pressure-barrier concept only limits the optimum viscosity of the injected polymer if the mobility of the polymer bank is less than the mobility of the displaced oil bank. The same is true for multi-zoned reservoirs with no crossflow between layers. Thus, for these cases, the optimum polymer viscosity is likely to be dictated by the mobility of the oil bank, unless other factors (like fracture extension) intervene. For multi-zoned reservoirs with free crossflow between layers, the situation is different. A compromise must be reached between injected polymer viscosity and the efficiency of oil recovery. The relevance of our findings is applied to operations for several existing polymer floods. This work is particularly relevant to viscous-oil reservoirs (like Pelican Lake and others) where the injected polymer viscosities are substantially lower than the oil viscosity
Mapping Chemical EOR Technologies to Different Reservoir Settings at Harsh Conditions in North Kuwait
Authors: Al-Dhuwaihi Abdul-Aziz , Tiwari Sanhita , Baroon Bodoor , AlAbbas Reem , Al-Ajmi Moudi , De Bruijn Gerbert , Nabulsi Randa , Abu Shiekah Issa , Glasbergen Gerard , van Batenburg Diederik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
EOR is a key focus area for sustaining long term production and maximizing of recovery in Raudhatain and Sabriyah oil fields of North Kuwait (NK). NK oil fields consist of multiple stacked reservoirs containing both clastic and carbonate with challenging temperature and formation water salinity conditions for Chemical EOR. In addition to these harsh conditions, reservoirs have geological structural complexity, reservoir heterogeneity and aquifer strength settings. Kuwait Oil Company is putting large efforts into Chemical EOR (cEOR) maturation through two ongoing ASP pilots and polymer flooding maturation studies. Ongoing studies and preliminary piloting performance results revealed that different reservoir segments have different cEOR requirements for viable incremental oil opportunities on top of ongoing water flooding.
An expansion strategy has been developed that provides a view on how to transition from pilot results to larger scale commercial implementation of cEOR for each reservoir segment. This includes front end elements, beyond conventional cEOR screening studies, injectivity, conformance control, inorganic scaling, facility impact and pattern configurations. For larger scale, many additional aspects such as water source, well location, phasing, logistics and impact of back production are important factors. For commerciality, there needs to be abalance between schedule, maximizing economic recovery, operability,availability of source water and costs. A holistic, structured approach has been established in defining production forecasts and life cycle cost estimates for ASP, SP and polymer development concepts screening for major NK reservoirs. The approach has allowed comparison between recovery methods and reservoirs which helped in defining an EOR expansion plan.
The novelty in this EOR expansion strategy is in application of a structured and holistic approach to map viable cEOR technologies to different reservoir segments based on in-depth screening criteria. The methodology allowed generating "standardized" time bound forecasts and cost estimates for screening a range of viable mapped cEOR methods for a range of reservoir segments- facilitating like for like comparison.
Future droughts in northern Italy: high resolution projections using EURO-CORDEX and MED-CORDEX ensembles
Authors: BARONETTI Alice , Dubreuil Vincent , Provenzale Antonello , Fratianni Simona 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We analyse the expected characteristics of drought events in northern Italy for baseline (1971–2000), near (2021–2050) and far (2071–2100) future conditions, estimating the drought spatial extent and duration, the percentage of affected area and the frequency of drought episodes. To this end, daily ensembles of precipitation and temperature records from Global Climate Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) pairs, extracted from EURO-CORDEX and MED-CORDEX for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, were collected at spatial resolution of 0.11 degrees. Before the analysis, model outputs were validated on daily weather station time series, and scaling factors for possible use in bias correction were identified. Annual temperature and precipitation anomalies for near and far future conditions were investigated; drought events were identified by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index and Standardized Precipitation Index at the 12-, 24- and 36-month time scales. This study highlights the importance of using multiple drought indicators in the detection of drought events, since the comparison revealed that evapotranspiration anomaly is the main triggering factor. For both scenarios, the results indicated an intensification of droughts in northern Italy for the period 2071–2100, with the Alpine chain being especially affected by an increase of drought severity. A North-to-South spatial gradient of drought duration was also observed.
Modified differential overlap factor and modal gain equalization criteria based comparative analysis of 4M-EDFA 980;1480 nm towards identification of unique Erbium doping profile for 4M-EDFA1480 nm system
Authors: Naik Suhail , Qazi Gausia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Space division multiplexing (SDM) based four mode erbium doped fiber amplifier (4M-EDFA) system is explored with 𝐿𝑃01;980 𝑛𝑚 and 𝐿𝑃01;1480 𝑛𝑚 pump power respectively. Main objective of this work is reduction in inherent differential modal gain (DMG) and differential spectral gain (DSG) between amplified signal modes 𝐿𝑃𝑙𝑚 (𝐿𝑃01; 𝐿𝑃11; 𝐿𝑃21 and 𝐿𝑃02) while maintaining high modal gain. Differential modal noise figure (DMNF) and differential spectral noise figure (DSNF) parameters are introduced to quantify amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) impact in 4M-EDFA980 𝑛𝑚; 1480 𝑛𝑚 system. A modified erbium ion inclusive overlap factor (𝜂𝑠𝑝) and more decisive DMG related differential modal overlap factor (DMOF) and DSG related differential spectral overlap factor (DSOF) parameters are extracted using coupled mode equations. Calculations reveal 𝜂𝑠𝑝 favourably high in 4M-EDFA980 𝑛𝑚 than in 4M-EDFA1480 𝑛𝑚 system. However, calculated DMOF and DSOF values are also unfavorably high in the former than in latter. Thereby, 4M-EDFA1480 𝑛𝑚 is further explored for the simultaneous reduction in DMOF and DSOF values. Modified erbium doped profile (MEDP) 4M-EDFA980 𝑛𝑚;1480 𝑛𝑚 system is simulated with erbium ion profile variants: uniform, 𝑁𝑖𝑛𝑣(𝑟) and 𝑁𝑜𝑝𝑡 (𝑟) in the order of their improved performances. 𝑁𝑖𝑛𝑣(𝑟) is extracted from inverse sum of normalised signal intensities related function and subsequently unique 𝑁𝑜𝑝𝑡 (𝑟) profile is proposed that satisfies reasonably differential modal gain equalization criteria. In 4M-EDFA1480 𝑛𝑚 system at 1550 nm wavelength respective values with 𝑁𝑖𝑛𝑣(𝑟) and 𝑁𝑜𝑝𝑡 (𝑟) for average modal gain is 24.05 dB, 24.17 dB; DMG is 2.4388 dB, 0.3624 dB and DMNF is 2.6862 dB, 0.3278 dB.
Evaluation of the Factors Affect Vision Related Quality of Life and Level of Depression in the Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Dogan Levent , Tanriverdi Derya , Gungor Kıvanc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effect of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on Vision Related Quality of Life (VRQOL) and depression level.Method: 108 patients followed up or newly diagnosed with AMD in Ophthalmology Clinic at Gaziantep University had been included in this cross-sectional study. The Turkish version of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) were assessed to the patients. The results of these two questionnaires were evaluated according to the demographic findings of the patients, the severity, and treatment procedures of the AMD. Results: The scores obtained from subscales varied from 43.48 for ‘Near activities’ to 81.48 for ‘Color vision’ subscales in NEI VFQ-25 test. According to the results of GDS-15 questionnaire, we detected that 62.9% of all the patients were compatible with depression when the cut-off value was accepted as ‘5’. Intravitreal anti-VEGF injection as a treatment procedure had no correlation with depression (p>0.05).Conclusion: The lowest and highest scores had been obtained in ‘Near activities’ and ‘Color vision’ respectively. The patients with AMD had higher depression levels. The female AMD patients had higher rates of depression and lower visual acuity levels.