bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Neck Imbalance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Cross‐Section Study Based on Body Image of 115 Patients with Main or Double Thoracic Curve
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Wang Ben , Wu Aimin , Huang Chongan , Pan Xiangxiang , Chen Boda , Ni Libin , Shi Yifeng , Meftah Zaher Ali Mohamed , Wang Xiangyang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveNeck imbalance negatively affects body aesthetics of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. The evaluation of neck imbalance is currently limited to radiographic parameters, but lacks visual indicators. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish indexes of neck imbalance based on body image and to investigate whether these indexes can truly reflect neck imbalance in AIS patients.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study at a single institution between June 2017 and September 2020 and there were 115 subjects involved in this research. All patients were diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Lenke type I/II. Radiographic parameters measured included cervical axis tilt (CAT), T1 tilt, first rib angle (FRA), clavicle angle (CA), radiographic shoulder height (RSH), proximal thoracic curve (PTC), apical vertebra translation of proximal thoracic (AVT of PT), main thoracic curve (MTC), apical vertebra translation of main thoracic (AVT of MT) and coronal balance (CB/C7PL‐CSVL). Neck imbalance indexes were obtained and measured following a standardized manner. Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis was performed for neck imbalance indexes to determine their intra‐observer and inter‐observer reliability, and correlation tests were performed for neck imbalance indexes with the radiographic parameters mentioned above.ResultsStrong intraobserver and interobserver reliability were observed in neck imbalance index (NII) 1 (0.91 and 0.88), neck imbalance index 2 (0.85 and 0.81) and NII 3 (0.82 and 0.80), P < 0.05. Significant correlation was found in cervical axis tilt (R = 0.81 for NII 1, R = 0.77 for NII 2 and R = 0.78 for NII 3), T1 tilt (R = 0.43 for NII 1, R = 0.52 for NII 2 and R = 0.48 for NII 3), first rib angle (R = 0.41 for NII 1, R = 0.48 for NII 2 and R = 0.43 for NII 3), proximal thoracic curve (R = 0.36 for NII 2) and apical vertebra translation of proximal thoracic (R = −0.37 for NII 2 and R = −0.35 for NII 3) with neck imbalance indexes. Neck imbalance index 1 showed the highest correlation with cervical axis tilt (R = 0.81, P < 0.01).ConclusionsNeck imbalance indexes established in our study were in good correlation with cervical axis tilt (CAT), At the meantime, they showed significant correlations with T1 tilt and first rib angle (FRA). Our study provides a practical method for measurement of neck imbalance regarding realistic perspective and makes up for the lack of photographic indexes about neck imbalance.
Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging as an adjunct for the localization of a bile leak after split liver transplantation
Authors: Lemoine Caroline P. , Lautz Timothy B. , Superina Riccardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe intraoperative identification of a bile leak after liver transplantation can be challenging, especially when using technical variant grafts. Possible sources of leakage include the sometimes multiple biliary anastomoses or orphan ducts leading to cut surface leak. Preoperative imaging is often unable to precisely identify the location of the leak. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been utilized in adult hepatobiliary and transplant surgery, but not for the management of postoperative biliary complications.MethodsWe present a case where ICG fluorescence imaging was used to identify a cut surface bile leak after pediatric split liver transplantation.ResultsA 5‐year‐old girl with methylmalonic acidemia underwent a left lobe split liver transplantation. A single Roux‐en‐Y choledochojejunostomy was performed. Nine days after transplant, bile was noted in the surgical drain. Imaging confirmed the patency of the hepatic artery and the absence of intraabdominal collection. A hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan showed the majority of radiotracer was excreted through the surgical drain. The patient was explored surgically: 4.5× loupe magnification did not allow for the localization of the leak. ICG was administered intravenously, after which a cut surface bile leak could be identified and repaired. There was no recurrence of bile leak after repair. Eighteen months after transplant, the patient is alive and well and has not suffered from any additional biliary complications.ConclusionIndocyanine green constitutes an additional tool in the arsenal of measures available to facilitate the intraoperative detection and management of bile leaks occurring after pediatric technical variant graft transplant.
Basiliximab therapy for immune‐mediated bowel disease in a pediatric heart transplant patient
Authors: Kiskaddon Amy L. , Wilsey Michael , Gonzalez‐Gomez Ignacio , Laks Jessica , Miles Alyssa , Carapellucci Jennifer , Asante‐Korang Alfred 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn pediatric patients who undergo heart transplantation, severe immune‐mediated bowel disease has been reported. Management is complex, and there are little data discussing the use of basiliximab for immune‐mediated bowel disease. This case report discusses a pediatric patient who developed immune‐mediated bowel disease following heart transplantation and was successfully managed with basiliximab.
Towards achieving circularity and sustainability in feeds for farmed blue foods
Authors: Colombo Stefanie M. , Roy Koushik , Mraz Jan , Wan Alex H. L. , Davies Simon J. , Tibbetts Sean M. , Øverland Margareth , Francis David S. , Rocker Melissa M. , Gasco Laura , Spencer Emma , Metian Marc , Trushenski Jesse T. , Turchini Giovanni M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aims of this review are to describe the role of ‘blue‐food production’ (animals, plants and algae harvested from freshwater and marine environments) within a circular bioeconomy, discuss how such a framework can help the sustainability and resilience of aquaculture and to summarise key examples of novel nutrient sources that are emerging in the field of fed‐aquaculture species. Aquaculture now provides >50% of the global seafood supply, a share that is expected to increase to at least 60% within the next decade. Aquaculture is an important tool for reducing resource consumption in global protein production and increasing resilience to climate change and other global disruptions (i.e. pandemics, geo‐political instability). Importantly, blue foods also provide essential nutrition for a growing human population. Blue foods are helping to help the global goal of ‘zero hunger’ (United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 2) while reducing the dependency on finite natural resources but further refinement and new solutions are needed to make the industry more ‘circular’ and sustainable, particularly with respect to sourcing raw materials for aquafeeds. This review describes the feed resources that are available or may be created within a circular bioeconomy framework, their role within the framework and in aquaculture and ultimately, how these resources contribute to de‐risking and establishing a resilient aquaculture production chain.
The effect of proportional assist ventilation on the electrical activity of the human diaphragm during exercise
Authors: Gerson Emily A. M. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Leahy Michael G. , Kipp Shalaya , Guenette Jordan A. , Archiza Bruno , Sheel Andrew William 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe hypothesized that when a proportional assist ventilator (PAV) is applied in order to reduce the pressure generated by the diaphragm, there would be a corresponding reduction in electrical activity of the diaphragm. Healthy participants (five male and four female) completed an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion in order to calculate workloads for subsequent trials. On the experimental day, participants performed submaximal cycling, and three levels of assisted ventilation were applied (low, medium and high). Ventilatory parameters, pulmonary pressures and EMG of the diaphragm (EMGdi) were obtained. To compare the PAV conditions with spontaneous breathing intervals, ANOVA procedures were used, and significant effects were evaluated with a Tukey–Kramer test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. The work of breathing was not different between the lowest level of unloading and spontaneous breathing (P = 0.151) but was significantly lower during medium (25%, P = 0.02) and high (36%, P < 0.001) levels of PAV. The pressure–time product of the diaphragm (PTPdi) was lower across PAV unloading conditions (P < 0.05). The EMGdi was significantly lower in medium and high PAV conditions (P = 0.035 and P < 0.001, respectively). The mean reductions of EMGdi with PAV unloading were 14, 22 and 39%, respectively. The change in EMGdi for a given lowering of PTPdi with the PAV was significantly correlated (r = 0.61, P = 0.01). Ventilatory assist during exercise elicits a reduction in the electrical activity of the diaphragm, and there is a proportional lowering of the work of breathing. Our findings have implications for exercise training studies using assisted ventilation to reduce diaphragm work in patients with cardiopulmonary disease.
An obesogenic diet impairs uncoupled substrate oxidation and promotes whitening of the brown adipose tissue in rats
Authors: Da Eira Daniel , Jani Shailee , Ceddia Rolando B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is rich in mitochondria containing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and dissipates energy through thermogenesis. However, even though BAT mass and its UCP1 content increase in rodents chronically fed a high‐fat sucrose‐enriched (HFS) diet, marked expansion of adiposity still occurs in these animals, suggesting insufficient BAT‐mediated HFS diet‐induced thermogenesis. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic and molecular mechanisms that regulate BAT thermogenesis in HFS‐induced obesity. To accomplish this, rats were fed either a standard chow or HFS diet for 8 weeks. Subsequently, glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes were assessed in freshly isolated primary BAT adipocytes. Despite increasing BAT mass and its UCP1 content, the HFS diet reduced uncoupled glucose and palmitate oxidation in BAT adipocytes. It also markedly diminished tyrosine hydroxylase content and lipolysis in these cells. Conversely, glucose uptake, lactate production, glycerol incorporation into lipids, palmitate incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol kinase levels, and lipoprotein lipase and cluster of differentiation 36 gene expression were increased. In summary, a HFS diet enhanced glyceroneogenesis and shifted BAT metabolism toward TAG synthesis by impairing UCP1‐mediated substrate oxidation and by enhancing fatty acid esterification in intact brown adipocytes. These adaptive metabolic responses to chronic HFS feeding attenuated BAT thermogenic capacity and favoured the development of obesity.
imageKey points
Despite increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and levels of thermogenic proteins such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), an obesogenic high‐fat sucrose‐enriched (HFS) diet attenuated uncoupled glucose and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipocytes.
Brown adipocytes diverted glycerol and fatty acids toward triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis by elevating the cellular machinery that promotes fatty acid uptake along with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glycerol kinase levels.
The HFS diet increased glucose uptake that supported lactate production and provided substrate for glyceroneogenesis and TAG synthesis in brown adipocytes.
Impaired UCP‐1‐mediated thermogenic capacity and enhanced TAG storage in BAT adipocytes were consistent with reduced adipose triglyceride lipase and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in HFS diet‐fed animals.
Thin Transparent Photothermal Coatings for Rapid Defogging in Automotive Applications
Authors: Roy Tamal , Haechler Iwan , Schnoering Gabriel , Poulikakos Dimos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Counteracting surface fogging to maintain surface transparency is significant to a variety of applications, including automotive lighting. Current energy-neutral approaches mostly rely on engineering the surface wettability, but suffer from contaminant deposition and lack of robustness and hence require frequent maintenance or renewal. This is particularly bothersome when the coating is within an enclosure, such as that of an automotive headlamp. Here, we design a maintenance-free, transparent, light-activated, photothermal composite material coating, to fully mitigate fogging-related issues. The coating contains dispersed indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix and is most absorptive in the near-infrared range, where a significant fraction of the thermal energy source lies, thus maintaining visible transparency. Based on nucleation thermodynamics, the photo-induced heating effect enables sustained and superior fog removal, also prevention when compared to uncoated samples. The coating is fabricated with readily and cost-effectively scalable industrial methods such as spray or dip coating. Its functionality is evidenced with standard visible thermal sources and on predominant materials employed in car headlights (glass and polycarbonate), which enables its direct application also on existing such surfaces, or similar.
Constructing Product Usage Context Knowledge Graph Using User-Generated Content for User-Driven Customization
Authors: Wang Xingzhi , Liu Ang , Kara Sami 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
User-driven customization is a particular design paradigm where customers act as co-designers to configure products based on their needs. However, due to insufficient product usage experience, customers may design a product incompatible with their environment and needs. Such incompatibility can negatively affect the performance of some customized features or even cause product failure. As a result, customers may hesitate to customize products because additional complexities and uncertainties are perceived. Product usage context (PUC), as all the environment and application factors that affect customer needs and product performance, can be used to facilitate customer co-design in user-driven customization. Identifying individual customer’s PUC can help customers foresee potential design failures, make more holistic design decisions, and be confident with their designs. Against the background, this paper proposes a PUC knowledge graph (PUCKG) construction method using user-generated content (UGC). The proposed method can convert crowdsourced corner cases into structured PUCKG to support personal PUC prediction, summarization, and reasoning. A case study of robot vacuum cleaners is conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Rivaroxaban treatment for six weeks versus three months in patients with symptomatic isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ageno Walter , Bertù Lorenza , Bucherini Eugenio , Camporese Giuseppe , Dentali Francesco , Iotti Matteo , Lessiani Gianfranco , Parisi Roberto , Prandoni Paolo , Sartori Michelangelo , Visonà Adriana , Bigagli Elisabetta , Palareti Gualtiero 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
To compare two different treatment durations of rivaroxaban in patients with symptomatic isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Design
Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.

Setting
28 outpatient clinics specialising in venous thromboembolism.

Participants
402 adults (≥18 years) with symptomatic isolated distal DVT.

Interventions
After receiving standard dose rivaroxaban for six weeks, participants were randomly assigned to receive rivaroxaban 20 mg or placebo once daily for an additional six weeks. Follow-up was for 24 months from study inclusion.

Main outcomes measures
The primary efficacy outcome was recurrent venous thromboembolism during follow-up after randomisation, defined as the composite of progression of isolated distal DVT, recurrent isolated distal DVT, proximal DVT, symptomatic pulmonary embolism, or fatal pulmonary embolism. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding after randomisation until two days from the last dose of rivaroxaban or placebo. An independent committee adjudicated the outcomes.

Results
200 adults were randomised to receive additional rivaroxaban treatment and 202 to receive placebo. Isolated distal DVT was unprovoked in 81 (40%) and 86 (43%) patients, respectively. The primary efficacy outcome occurred in 23 (11%) patients in the rivaroxaban arm and 39 (19%) in the placebo arm (relative risk 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.95; P=0.03, number needed to treat 13, 95% confidence interval 7 to 126). Recurrent isolated distal DVT occurred in 16 (8%) patients in the rivaroxaban arm and 31 (15%) in the placebo arm (P=0.02). Proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism occurred in seven (3%) patients in the rivaroxaban arm and eight (4%) in the placebo arm (P=0.80). No major bleeding events occurred.

Conclusions
Rivaroxaban administered for six additional weeks in patients with isolated distal DVT who had an uneventful six week treatment course reduces the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, mainly recurrent isolated distal DVT, over a two year follow-up without increasing the risk of haemorrhage.

Trial registration

EudraCT 2016-000958-36; ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02722447
.
Study protocol for developing a novel approach for improving supply chain management for SARS-CoV-2 point of care diagnostic services in resource-limited settings: a case study of Mopani District in Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Maluleke Kuhlula , Musekiwa Alfred , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionRecent evidence shows that point-of-care (POC) testing is a more feasible alternative for diagnosis of COVID-19 in settings that have poor access to laboratory diagnostic services. Equitable access to POC testing can be optimised through well-established supply chain management (SCM) systems. The proposed study aims to develop a novel approach for improving SCM for COVID-19 POC diagnostic services in resource-limited settings with poor access to laboratory diagnostic services, using Mopani District in Limpopo Province, South Africa as a study setting.Methods and analysisThis study was guided by results of the scoping review. Following the scoping review, we propose a mixed-methods study, which will be implemented in three phases. First, we will perform a geospatial analysis to investigate the spatial distribution of COVID-19 testing services. Second, we will perform an audit of POC diagnostic services including its supply chain to evaluate the effect of SCM on accessibility of COVID-19 POC diagnostic services and reveal SCM barriers and enablers of accessibility of COVID-19 POC diagnostic services. Third, we will perform a nominal group technique to collaborate with key stakeholders in co-creation of a novel approach for improving SCM systems for COVID-19 POC diagnostic services. For the geospatial analysis, we will employ the ArcGIS Software. For the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data that will be generated from the audit and nominal group discussion, we will employ Stata software and NVivo software, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been ethically reviewed and approved by two institutional review boards: University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (approval number 655/2021) and Limpopo Department of Health Research Ethics Committee (approval number LP-2021-12-007). The results of this study will be disseminated through national and international presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
Effect of implementing the NEWS2 escalation protocol in a large acute NHS trust: a retrospective cohort analysis of mortality, workload and ability of early warning score to predict death within 24 hours
Authors: Forster Sarah , McKeever Tricia M , Shaw Dominick 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the inpatient population, establish patterns in admission and mortality over a 4-year period in different cohorts and assess the prognostic ability and workload implications of introducing the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) and associated escalation protocol.DesignRetrospective cohort analyses of medical and surgical inpatient admissions.SettingLarge teaching hospital with tertiary inpatient care and a major trauma centre employing an electronic observations platform, initially with a local early warning score, followed by NEWS2 introduction in June 2019.Participants332 682 adult patients were admitted between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019.Outcome measuresMortality, workload and ability of early warning score to predict death within 24 hours.ResultsAdmissions rose by 19% from 76 055 in 2016 to 90 587 in 2019. Total bed days rose by 10% from 433 382 to 477 485. Mortality fell from 3.7% to 3.1% and was significantly lower in patients discharged from a surgical specialty, 1.0%–1.2% (p<0.001). Total observations recorded increased by 14% from 1 976 872 in 2016 to 2 249 118 in 2019. 65% of observations were attributable to patients under medical specialties, 34% to patients under surgical specialties. Recorded escalations to the registrar were stable from January 2016 to May 2019 but trebled following the introduction of NEWS2 in June 2019.ConclusionsThere was an increase in hospital inpatient activity between 2016 and 2019, associated with a reduction in mortality and percentage of observations calculated as reaching threshold NEWS2 score of 7 for escalation to the registrar. The introduction of the NEWS2, with a higher sensitivity and lower specificity, when allied to its escalation protocol, was associated with a significant increase in actual recorded escalations to the registrar. This was more marked in the surgical population and would support refining threshold scores based on admission characteristics when developing the next iteration of NEWS.