bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flourishing as a guide to intervention: a national multicenter study of general surgery residents
Authors: Greenberg Anya L. , Boscardin Christy , Lebares Carter C. ,   The General Surgery Research Collaborative on Resident Wellbeing, Divino Celia M. , Choi Jennifer N. , Hrabe Jennifer E. , Shelton Julia S. , Foglia Christopher M. , Sundaram Varuna M. , Gurland Brooke , Spain David A. , Hanlon Matthew J. , Meier Andreas H. , Haisley Kelly R. , Harzman Alan E. , Huang Emily , Preston Jennifer F. , Nfonsam Valentine N. , Riall Taylor S. , Palmer Barnard J. A. , Victorino Gregory P. , Donahue Tim R. , Sullins Veronica F. , Greenberg Anya L. , Hirose Kenzo , Lebares Carter C. , Reilly Linda M. , Jaiswal Kshama R. , Nehler Mark R. , Brunsvold Melissa E. , Kendrick Daniel E. , Nelson M. Timothy , Lim Robert B. , Horvath Karen D. , Langdale Lorrie A. , Maine Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Physician wellbeing is critical to maximize patient experience, quality of care, and healthcare value. Objective measures to guide and assess efficacy of interventions in terms of enhanced thriving (as opposed to just decreased pathology) have been limited. Here we provide early data on modifiable targets, potential interventions, and comparative impact.

Methods
In this cross-sectional survey-based study of mixed-level residents at 16 academic General Surgery training programs, gender-identity, race, post-graduate year, and gap years were self-reported. Correlation between our primary outcome variable, flourishing, and measures of resilience (mindfulness, personal accomplishment [PA], workplace support, workplace control) and risk (depression, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, perceived stress, anxiety, workplace demand) were assessed.

Results
Of 891 recipients, 300 responded (60% non-male, 41% non-white). Flourishing was significantly positively correlated with all measured resilience factors and negatively correlated with all measured risk factors. In multivariable modelling, mindfulness, PA, and workplace support were positively and significantly associated with flourishing, with PA having the strongest resilience effect. Depression and anxiety were negatively and significantly associated with flourishing, with depression having the strongest risk effect.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that interventions that increase mindfulness, workplace support, and PA, as well as those that decrease depression and anxiety may particularly impact flourishing (i.e., global wellbeing) in surgical trainees. These findings provide preliminary guidance on allocation of resources toward wellbeing interventions. In particular, cognitive (i.e., mindfulness) training is a feasible intervention with modest but significant association with flourishing, and potential indirect effects through influence on PA, anxiety and depression.
Physical and chemical characterization of Corchorus olitorius leaves dried by different drying techniques
Authors: Ghellam Mohamed , Fatena Büşra , Koca İlkay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMolokhia,Corchorus olitorius, is a popular leafy vegetable, known in many world regions as a good source of nutritional and medicinal properties. Due to its short shelf life and the limited harvesting time, processing such as drying techniques permit to preserve and provide it throughout the year. In the present study, it was attempted to reveal the main physical and chemical characteristics of molokhia leaves. Also, three drying techniques, shade drying (SHD), convective drying (COD), and microwave drying (MID), have been applied to study the kinetics and their main physical and chemical effects. The analysis demonstrated that molokhia leaves are a good source of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and chlorophylls pigments. Those bioactive compounds have provided the leaves with considerable antiradical scavenging and reducing capacities. Drying time decreased from days, in the case of SHD, to some hours when using COD, and less than 20 min when using MID. Increasing drying temperature and power input have increased the drying rate. Modelling of drying kinetics of MID three power inputs (350, 500 and 750 W) and COD at 60 °C exhibited a high fitting for most empirical models (R2 > 0.980). SHD was less deleterious on leaves colour. Also, it preserved the content of phenolics, flavonoids, and thus the antioxidant activity of leaves. On the contrary, COD at 80 °C had a detrimental effect on previous components and their activity. Vega-Gálvez model can be presented as the best-fitted model to describe the rehydration kinetics of dried leaves. Rheological analysis of the aqueous extracts of the leaves demonstrated the effect of time and grinding on the increase of mucilage diffusion. The obtained results could help industrials to choose the convenient drying method and more analysis on the subject are recommended.
Medical Device Regulation: Should We Care About It?
Authors: Bianchini Elisabetta , Mayer Christopher Clemens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMedical devices are subject to strict regulatory and approval processes to enter the market and to be used by operators and patients. These are needed to guarantee the users’ safety. The different activities of these processes have important implications for all involved stakeholders and for the whole lifecycle of a medical device. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of some key aspects of the new EU Medical Device Regulation and to show why researchers, innovators and clinicians should care about it. Awareness of regulatory requirements can improve the innovation process and its efficiency in terms of both social and ethical impact, but this awareness needs to be raised in the upcoming months and years. One can shortly say “yes, one needs to take care” of the new EU Medical Device Regulation. First and foremost, it is crucial for the sake of the users’ safety, which is the regulation’s intrinsic goal. Second, it should not just be seen as an obstacle for new innovations in the medical domain, but as a chance as it can provide new opportunities.
An electric propulsion memoir
Authors: Turchi Peter J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on over sixty years of working in electric propulsion research, a personal memoir attempts to observe the progress of electric propulsion from early explorations to the present successes in accomplishing attractive and practical systems. It includes several anecdotal remarks on the difficulties of achieving acceptance of electric propulsion for space missions, and concludes with notions for the future. The perspectives offered may be useful for a new generation of electric propulsion workers who have entered a field that is now successful.
CALIBRATING THE LEE-CARTER AND THE POISSON LEE-CARTER MODELS VIA NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Scognamiglio Salvatore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a neural network (NN) approach for fitting the Lee-Carter (LC) and the Poisson Lee-Carter model on multiple populations. We develop some NNs that replicate the structure of the individual LC models and allow their joint fitting by simultaneously analysing the mortality data of all the considered populations. The NN architecture is specifically designed to calibrate each individual model using all available information instead of using a population-specific subset of data as in the traditional estimation schemes. A large set of numerical experiments performed on all the countries of the Human Mortality Database shows the effectiveness of our approach. In particular, the resulting parameter estimates appear smooth and less sensitive to the random fluctuations often present in the mortality rates’ data, especially for low-population countries. In addition, the forecasting performance results significantly improved as well.
Serving “the Uses of Life”: Gender, History, and Food Security in a Cassava Value Chain Scheme
Authors: Gengenbach Heidi , Comé Alcino Armindo , Nhabinde Justino Baptiste 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGengenbach, Comé, and Nhabinde historicize women’s responses to an agricultural “value chain” in Zavala, Mozambique. Inspired by the Green Revolution for Africa (GR4A), the initiative aims to reduce hunger by converting cassava to industrial use for SABMiller’s Impala beer. Women chafed at the proposed remaking of an agrarian foodway long anchored by this edible commodity. Cassava’s inseparable dietary and market value in precolonial times intensified under Portuguese rule even as colonizers disdained it as a feminine “subsistence” crop and then claimed its commercial potential. Weaponizing this gendered binary yet needing women’s support, the Impala scheme has struggled to achieve GR4A food security goals.
Access to Neurorehabilitation Interdisciplinary Outpatient Programs in British Columbia
Authors: Chen Nathan , Prescott Andre , Winston Paul 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:This survey explored access to British Columbia (BC) hospital-based neurorehabilitation outpatient programs (HB-NROPs). Fifteen rehabilitation-focused healthcare providers were interviewed. Wait times for HB-NROPs were up to 3 months for initial appointments, and inclusion criteria were variable. Two HB-NROPs had occasional access to specialized physicians. Informal communication methods were preferred modes of collaboration. BC HB-NROPs varied in access, use of interdisciplinary care, and outcome measures used to measure performance. The lack of coverage for nonphysician services may be a barrier to collaborative care in the community. Future projects should explore solutions to improve funding and equal access to BC HB-NROPs.
An operadic approach to substitution in Lie–Butcher series
Authors: Rahm Ludwig 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The paper follows an operadic approach to provide a bialgebraic description of substitution for Lie–Butcher series. We first show how the well-known bialgebraic description for substitution in Butcher’s B-series can be obtained from the pre-Lie operad. We then apply the same construction to the post-Lie operad to arrive at a bialgebra

$\mathcal {Q}$

. By considering a module over the post-Lie operad, we get a cointeraction between

$\mathcal {Q}$

and the Hopf algebra

$\mathcal {H}_{N}$

that describes composition for Lie–Butcher series. We use this coaction to describe substitution for Lie–Butcher series.
Premature mortality of people with severe mental illness: a renewed focus for a new era
Authors: Byrne Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis perspective article applies public health principles to improve the physical health of selected populations with mental disorders. Two preventable adverse outcomes, poorer physical health and premature mortality, are described across mental disorders. Evidence of the lifetime effects of adverse childhood experiences and inequalities is presented: these are the ‘causes of the causes’. Seven drivers of physical disorders are illustrated that drive preventable deaths and as doctors, psychiatrists must lead from the front to reverse rising mortality. Evidence supports universal and selective interventions and even the most difficult challenges such as weight gain and opioid misuse are an opportunity for psychiatry to engage with individual patients and their organisations, public health colleagues, health systems and beyond. Interventions complement and do not replace existing clinical practices that reduce self-harm and prevent suicide. Mental health teams already do most of the work in this arena, and the case is made to refocus on physical health with task sharing. The top 10 recommendations within a personalised medicine framework are listed in this paper as a starting point.
DERGMs: Degeneracy-restricted exponential family random graph models
Authors: Karwa Vishesh , Petrović Sonja , Bajić Denis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExponential random graph models, or ERGMs, are a flexible and general class of models for modeling dependent data. While the early literature has shown them to be powerful in capturing many network features of interest, recent work highlights difficulties related to the models’ ill behavior, such as most of the probability mass being concentrated on a very small subset of the parameter space. This behavior limits both the applicability of an ERGM as a model for real data and inference and parameter estimation via the usual Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. To address this problem, we propose a new exponential family of models for random graphs that build on the standard ERGM framework. Specifically, we solve the problem of computational intractability and “degenerate” model behavior by an interpretable support restriction. We introduce a new parameter based on the graph-theoretic notion of degeneracy, a measure of sparsity whose value is commonly low in real-world networks. The new model family is supported on the sample space of graphs with bounded degeneracy and is called degeneracy-restricted ERGMs, or DERGMs for short. Since DERGMs generalize ERGMs—the latter is obtained from the former by setting the degeneracy parameter to be maximal—they inherit good theoretical properties, while at the same time place their mass more uniformly over realistic graphs. The support restriction allows the use of new (and fast) Monte Carlo methods for inference, thus making the models scalable and computationally tractable. We study various theoretical properties of DERGMs and illustrate how the support restriction improves the model behavior. We also present a fast Monte Carlo algorithm for parameter estimation that avoids many issues faced by Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms used for inference in ERGMs.
IFAN CH.DIOP RADIOCARBON LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS II
Authors: Ndeye Maurice , Athie Adama Harouna , Kébé Demba , Sène Matar 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTNew radiocarbon (14C) dates we obtained in our radiocarbon laboratory equipped with a liquid scintillation counter using BGO (Bi4Ge3012) tubes. The electronic stability of the counter gave a background below 0.2 cpm. Our 14C dates agree well with the interpretations done for the samples. Most of the results in these analyses were obtained on shell samples, charcoal samples, and tree leaves. Calibration of the dates with the appropriate software (Calib 7.0.4) allows better interpretation of the results and their importance in the studied regions. In this paper, we present 14C results from archaeological and environmental sites in Senegal, Mali, and Togo and report the results in our second laboratory date list.
Executive Pay: Board Reciprocity Counts
Authors: Godechot Olivier , Horton Joanne , Millo Yuval 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the influence of the corporate board network on executive pay for 3,395 US firms between 1990 and 2015. We identify three elementary structures through which the interlocking network reflects forms of inter-group reciprocity across firms:restricted exchange, when two executives sit on each other’s respective boards;delayed exchange, whenysits on the board ofxafter the end ofx’s mandate on the board ofy; andgeneralized exchange, whenxsits on the board ofy, who sits on the board ofz, who sits on the board ofx. These ties, which are overrepresented, are related to higher executive pay, but are not related to firm performance, which we interpret as a form of rent extraction. We use the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) as a natural experiment to confirm our results. The impact on pay disappears after 2004, once these types of exchanges are constrained.
Sanskrit and the labour of gender in early modern South India
Authors: Gomez Kashi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the early eighteenth century, a husband and co-wife trio undertook a household project in Maratha-ruled Tanjavur. These migrants from the Western Deccan jointly authored a set of Sanskrit commentaries invested in the idea of ‘Maharashtrianness’. The unusual authoring of a Sanskrit commentary by these women alongside their husband exemplifies broader changes that were taking place in Sanskrit intellectual circles in early modern South India. Tracing new formulations of regional identity, changing ideologies of gender, and shifts in the very labour of Sanskrit intellectual production, I demonstrate how new avenues of access to Sanskrit emerged for women in early modern South India. These new avenues of access were facilitated by the growing importance of the household as a site of cultural production and the rise of new regional courts in the Karnatak and Coromandel Coast regions.
Targeting HDACs of apicomplexans: structural insights for a better treatment
Authors: de Siqueira Caroline de Moraes , Fragoso Mariana Sayuri Ishikawa , Severo Vanessa Rossini , Biembengut Isis Venturi , Nardelli Sheila Cristina , de Souza Tatiana de Arruda Campos Brasil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAetiologic agents of diseases such as malaria and toxoplasmosis are found in representatives of the phylum Apicomplexa. Therefore, apicomplexan parasites are known to have a significant impact on public health. Epigenetic factors such as histone acetylation/deacetylation are among the main mechanisms of gene regulation in these parasites. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have aroused a great deal of interest over the past 20 years for being promising targets in the development of drugs for treating several diseases such as cancer. In addition, they have also been shown to be effective for parasitic diseases. However, little is known about the structure of these proteins, as well as their interactions with specific ligands. In this paper, we modelled 14 HDACs from different apicomplexan parasites and performed molecular docking with 12 ligands analogous to the HDAC inhibitors FR235222 and apicidin, which had previously been tested againstToxoplasma gondiiandPlasmodium falciparum. In thisin silicostudy, we were able to gather relevant structural data regarding these proteins as well as insights into protein–ligand interactions for testing and developing drugs for these diseases.
Longitudinal changes in home confinement and mental health implications: a 17-month follow-up study in England during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bu Feifei , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about significant behavioural changes, one of which is increased time spent at home. This could have important public health implications. This study aimed to explore longitudinal patterns of ‘home confinement’ (defined as not leaving the house/garden) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated predictors and mental health outcomes.MethodsData were from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. The analytical sample consisted of 25 390 adults in England who were followed up for 17 months (March 2020–July 2021). Data were analysed using growth mixture models.ResultsOur analyses identified three classes of growth trajectories, including one class showing a high level of persistent home confinement (the home-confined, 24.8%), one changing class with clear alignment with national containment measures (the adaptive, 32.0%), and one class with a persistently low level of confinement (the unconfined, 43.1%). A range of factors were associated with the class membership of home-confinement trajectories, such as age, gender, income, employment status, social relationships and health. The home-confined class had the highest number of depressive (diff = 1.34–1.68,p< 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (diff = 0.84–1.05,p< 0.001) at the end of the follow-up than the other two classes.ConclusionsThere was substantial heterogeneity in longitudinal patterns of home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with a persistent high level of confinement had the worst mental health outcomes, calling for special attention in mental health action plans, in particular targeted interventions for at-risk groups.
Changes in labour market histories and their relationship with paid work around state pension age: evidence from three British longitudinal studies
Authors: Glaser Karen , Di Gessa Giorgio , Corna Laurie , Stuchbury Rachel , Platts Loretta G. , Worts Diana , McDonough Peggy , Sacker Amanda , Price Debora 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany countries have implemented policies to extend working lives in response to population ageing, yet there remains little understanding of what drives paid work in later life, nor how this is changing over time. This paper utilises the 1988/89 Survey of Retirement and Retirement Plans, the 1999 British Household Panel Survey and the 2008 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, to investigate drivers of paid work in the ten years surrounding state pension age (SPA) for women and men in, comparing cohorts born in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. Using optimal matching analysis with logistic and multinomial regression models, the study assesses the relative importance of lifecourse histories, socio-economic circumstances and contemporaneous factors, in determining paid work in mid- and later life. Participation in paid work in the five years preceding and beyond SPA increased markedly for men and women across cohorts, with women's lifecourses and engagement with paid work changing considerably in these periods. However, for women, a lifetime history of paid work remained a crucially important predictor of paid work in later life, and this relationship has strengthened over time. Experiencing divorce has also become an important driver of paid work around SPA for the youngest cohort. Having children later, and still having a mortgage, also independently predict labour force participation for women and men. Across all cohorts and for women and men, working at these older ages was a function of higher income and better health. These findings suggest that policies which enable people to maintain ties to paid work across the lifecourse may be more effective at encouraging later-life employment than those concerned only with postponing the retirement transition.
A Note on nonconvex adjustment costs in lumpy investment models: Mean versus variance
Authors: Fang Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper revisits the canonical assumption of nonconvex capital adjustment costs in lumpy investment models as in Khan and Thomas [(2008) Econometrica 76(2), 395–436], which are assumed to follow a uniform distribution from zero to an upper bound, without distinguishing between the mean and the variance of the distribution. Unlike the usual claim that the upper bound stands for the size (represented by the mean) of a nonconvex cost, I show that in order to generate an empirically consistent interest elasticity of aggregate investment, both a sizable mean and a sizable variance are necessary. The mean governs the importance of the extensive margin in aggregate investment dynamics, while the variance governs how sensitive the extensive margin is to changes in the real interest rate. As a result, both the mean and the variance are quantitatively important for aggregate investment dynamics.