bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate and ungulate browsing impair regeneration dynamics in spruce-fir-beech forests in the French Alps
Authors: Unkule Mithila , Piedallu Christian , Balandier Philippe , Courbaud Benoit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Key message
Different components of water balance and temperature reduce density and height growth of saplings of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Norway spruce), Abies alba Mill. (silver fir) and Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) in mixed uneven-aged forests in the French Alps and Jura mountains. Ungulate browsing is an additional pressure on fir and beech that could jeopardise the renewal of these species in the future.

Context
The uncertainty in tree recruitment rates raises questions about the factors affecting regeneration processes in forests. Factors such as climate, light, competition and ungulate browsing pressure may play an important role in determining regeneration, forest structures and thus future forest composition.

Aims
The objective of this study was to quantify sapling densities and height increments of spruce, fir and beech and to identify dominant environmental variables influencing them in mixed uneven-aged forests in the French Alps and Jura mountains.

Methods
Sapling height increment and density were recorded in 152 plots, and non-linear mixed models were obtained to establish relations between them and environmental factors known to affect regeneration, namely altitude, slope, aspect, canopy openness, soil characteristics, temperature, precipitation and ungulate browsing.

Results
Regeneration density, varying from 0 to 7 saplings per m 2, decreased with sapling height and was also negatively affected for spruce by PET, but positively for fir by precipitation and for beech by mean annual soil water content. Height increment reached up to 50 cm annually, increasing with sapling height and canopy openness and decreasing under high maximum summer temperatures for spruce and beech. The statistical effect of different environmental variables varied slightly among species but trends were quite similar. Additionally, ungulate browsing was high, with fir being the most intensely browsed, followed closely by beech, while spruce was rarely browsed.

Conclusions
All these results suggest that more temperature warming and a decrease in water availability could negatively impact sapling growth and density in the three species, with possible reduction of forest renewal fluxes. The observed increase of ungulate populations leading to increased browsing could be particularly detrimental to fir saplings.
The impact of design elements on undergraduate nursing students’ educational outcomes in simulation education: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Jackson Matthew , McTier Lauren , Brooks Laura A. , Wynne Rochelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although simulation-based education (SBE) has become increasingly popular as a mode of teaching in undergraduate nursing courses, its effect on associated student learning outcomes remains ambiguous. Educational outcomes are influenced by SBE quality that is governed by technology, training, resources and SBE design elements. This paper reports the protocol for a systematic review to identify, appraise and synthesise the best available evidence regarding the impact of SBE on undergraduate nurses’ learning outcomes.

Methods
Databases to be searched from 1 January 1990 include the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), American Psychological Association (APA) PsycInfo and the Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC) via the EBSCO host platform. The Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) will be searched via the OVID platform. We will review the reference lists of relevant articles for additional citations. A combination of search terms including ‘nursing students’, ‘simulation training, ‘patient simulation’ and ‘immersive simulation’ with common Boolean operators will be used. Specific search terms will be combined with either MeSH or Emtree terms and appropriate permutations for each database. Search findings will be imported into the reference management software (Endnote© Version.X9) then uploaded into Covidence where two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and retrieved full text. A third reviewer will be available to resolve conflicts and moderate consensus discussions. Quantitative primary research studies evaluating the effect of SBE on undergraduate nursing students’ educational outcomes will be included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) will be used for the quality assessment of the core criteria, in addition to the Cochrane RoB 2 and ROBINS-I to assess the risk of bias for randomised and non-randomised studies, respectively. Primary outcomes are any measure of knowledge, skills or attitude.

Discussion
SBE has been widely adopted by healthcare disciplines in tertiary teaching settings. This systematic review will reveal (i) the effect of SBE on learning outcomes, (ii) SBE element variability and (iii) interplay between SBE elements and learning outcome. Findings will specify SBE design elements to inform the design and implementation of future strategies for simulation-based undergraduate nursing education.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42021244530
Assessment of the performance of GPS/Galileo PPP-RTK convergence using ionospheric corrections from networks with different scales
Authors: Yan Zhongbao , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rapid convergence of precise point positioning real-time kinematics (PPP-RTK) with centimeter-level accuracy is of utmost importance for many applications. One way of accelerating this convergence is to explore the use of ionospheric models and multiple global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations, e.g., Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo Satellite Navigation System (Galileo) observations. Because the temporal and spatial variations of the ionosphere are significant, convergence analysis of PPP-RTK should be investigated in networks with different scales, especially networks with large differences in their scales. This study describes the convergence performance of PPP-RTK using GPS/Galileo observations derived from networks with different scales under medium ionospheric conditions. Slant ionospheric corrections were first estimated from the reference network and then imported as virtual observations to enhance the convergence performance of PPP-RTK at the user interface. The results show that for the 165-km reference site spacing, the portions of single-differenced (SD) ionospheric residuals within 0.3 total electron content units (TECU) were 85.2% and 81.7% for the GPS and Galileo observations, respectively. Considering the 90th percentile of horizontal position errors, the PPP-RTK convergence time within the network with 165-km spacing was shortened from 2.5 min for GPS-only observations to 2.0 min for integrated GPS + Galileo observations. For the network of about 50 km, the proportions of the SD ionospheric residuals of the GPS and Galileo constellation within 0.3 TECU were 95.9% and 82.8%, respectively. The PPP-RTK convergence time of the 90th percentile horizontal positioning errors based on GPS-only observations was 2.0 min but 1.5 min based on integrated GPS + Galileo observations. Using GPS and Galileo observations, the convergence time could be reduced by 25% for the network with 50-km spacing. Our results suggest that the convergence time of PPP-RTK depends on the scale of the reference network and becomes shorter as the scale of the network decreases. Compared with the GPS-only PPP-RTK, the GPS/Galileo PPP-RTK could shorten the convergence time further.
Graphical Abstract
Factors associated with household food insecurity and dietary diversity among day laborers amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Banna Md. Hasan Al , Sayeed Abu , Kundu Satyajit , Kagstrom Anna , Sultana Mst. Sadia , Begum Musammet Rasheda , Khan Md Shafiqul Islam 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
Food insecurity and dietary diversity remain a public health concern in developing countries like Bangladesh which is exacerbated by the COVID-19 especially for day laborers’ families in Bangladesh. This study aimed to determine factors associated with household food insecurity and household dietary diversity among day laborers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 343 households of day laborers in Bangladesh using a semi-structured questionnaire. Household food security (HFS) and Household dietary diversity (HDD) scores were assessed using the HFS scale and household’s 24-h recall of intake of 12 food groups, respectively.

Results
The overall mean scores of HFS and HDD were 26.80 (SD, 4.83) and 4.08 (SD, 1.15). Having household head aged > 40 years and monthly household income > 5000 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) were positively associated with HDD scores. Having an education level above secondary, monthly household income > 5000 BDT, and having a refrigerator were associated with the higher HFS scores, whereas having family members > 5 was a potential determinant of lower HFS scores. Pandemic-induced work loss and food scarcity were also potential determinants of lower HFS and HDD scores. Approximately 94% of respondents reported their wages were reduced, and 76% were deprived of the same quantity of food as pre-pandemic periods.

Conclusions
Lower socio-economic status and pandemic-induced work loss affect the HFS and HDD. Interventions with financial aid and complemented food distributions, particularly among the wage looser, may improve the HFS and HDD of day laborers.
Noninvasive spinal neuromodulation mitigates symptoms of idiopathic overactive bladder
Authors: Zhong Hui , Liu Emilie , Kohli Priya , Perez Laura , Edgerton V. Reggie , Ginsberg David , Gad Parag , Kreydin Evgeniy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Overactive bladder (OAB) affects 12 to 30% of the world’s population. The accompanying urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence can have a profound effect on quality of life, leading to depression, social isolation, avoidance of sexual activity and loss of productivity. Conservative measures such as lifestyle modification and pelvic floor physical therapy are the first line of treatment for overactive bladder. Patients who fail these may go on to take medications, undergo neuromodulation or receive injection of botulinum toxin into the bladder wall. While effective, medications have side effects and suffer from poor adherence. Neuromodulation and botulinum toxin injection are also effective but are invasive and not acceptable to some patients.

Methods
We have developed a novel transcutaneous spinal cord neuromodulator (SCONE™,) that delivers multifrequency electrical stimulation to the spinal cord without the need for insertion or implantation of stimulating electrodes. Previously, multifrequency transcutaneous stimulation has been demonstrated to penetrate to the spinal cord and lead to motor activation of detrusor and external urethral sphincter muscles. Here, we report on eight patients with idiopathic overactive bladder, who underwent 12 weeks of SCONE™ therapy.

Results
All patients reported statistically significant clinical improvement in multiple symptoms of overactive bladder, such as urinary urgency, frequency and urge incontinence. In addition, patients reported significant symptomatic improvements as captured by validated clinical surveys.

Conclusion
SCONE™ therapy represents the first of its kind therapy to treat symptoms of urgency, frequency and urge urinary incontinence in patients with OAB.

Trial registration
The study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03753750).
Scattering state study of fermions due to q-deformed Dirac delta potential
Authors: Heidari N. , Hassanabadi H. , Chung W. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, by introducing the q-deformed delta function, the Dirac equation for a fermion in the presence of Dirac delta scalar and vector potential is developed. Then, considering the boundary condition and the effect of the q-deformed Dirac delta potential, the scattering state is investigated. Further, the reflection and transmission coefficients are determined. Moreover, the effect of the q-parameter and the potential coefficient on the reflection and transmission coefficients is reported.
Stress relaxation in III-V nitrides: Investigation of metallic atoms interaction with the N-vacancy
Authors: Ramdani Rofka , Hounkpati Viwanou , Chen Jun , Ruterana Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to study the interaction between two point defects in III-nitride materials (AlN, GaN and InN): a substitutional metal atom (indium, aluminum, gallium) and the N-vacancy. The Stillinger-Weber (S-W) empirical potential is used. By calculating the potential energies of different configurations with these two defects, it is shown that the indium atom in AlN and GaN or aluminum and gallium in InN are stable in the immediate vicinity of the N-vacancy. In contrast, the gallium atom in AlN and the aluminum atom in GaN may be difficult to bring near the N-vacancy. This behavior is related to the stress relaxation in the presence of these point defects. In AlN, the stability of indium atoms around the N-vacancy is the highest, indicating a good probability of aggregation, which may constitute a first explanation for the reported phase segregation during the growth of InAlN alloys.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Part I: Systematic Review of the Literature and Consensus on Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Classification of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies' Section of Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Authors: Dengler Nora Franziska , Ferraresi Stefano , Rochkind Shimon , Denisova Natalia , Garozzo Debora , Heinen Christian , Alimehmeti Ridvan , Capone Crescenzo , Barone Damiano Giuseppe , Zdunczyk Anna , Pedro Maria Teresa , Antoniadis Gregor , Kaiser Radek , Dubuisson Annie , Kretschmer Thomas , Rasulic Lukas 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Although numerous articles have been published not only on the classification of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) but also on diagnostic standards, timing, and type of surgical intervention, there still remains some controversy because of the lack of level 1 evidence. So far, attempts to generate uniform reporting standards have not yielded conclusive results.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the body of evidence and reach a consensus among neurosurgeons experienced in TOS regarding anatomy, diagnosis, and classification.

METHODS:
A systematic literature search on PubMed/MEDLINE was performed on February 13, 2021, yielding 2853 results. Abstracts were screened and classified. Recommendations were developed in a meeting held online on February 10, 2021, and refined according to the Delphi consensus method.

RESULTS:
Six randomized controlled trials (on surgical, conservative, and injection therapies), 4 “guideline” articles (on imaging and reporting standards), 5 observational studies (on diagnostics, hierarchic designs of physiotherapy vs surgery, and quality of life outcomes), and 6 meta-analyses were identified. The European Association of Neurosurgical Societies’ section of peripheral nerve surgery established 18 statements regarding anatomy, diagnosis, and classification of TOS with agreement levels of 98.4 % (±3.0).

CONCLUSION:
Because of the lack of level 1 evidence, consensus statements on anatomy, diagnosis, and classification of TOS from experts of the section of peripheral nerve surgery of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies were developed with the Delphi method. Further work on reporting standards, prospective data collections, therapy, and long-term outcome is necessary.
A Drosophila toolkit for HA-tagged proteins unveils a block in autophagy flux in the last instar larval fat body
Authors: Murakawa Tadayoshi , Nakamura Tsuyoshi , Kawaguchi Kohei , Murayama Futoshi , Zhao Ning , Stasevich Timothy J. , Kimura Hiroshi , Fujita Naonobu 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
For in vivo functional analysis of a protein of interest (POI), multiple transgenic strains with a POI that harbors different tags are needed but generation of these strains is still labor-intensive work. To overcome this, we have developed a versatile Drosophila toolkit with a genetically encoded single-chain variable fragment for the HA epitope tag: ‘HA Frankenbody’. This system allows various analyses of HA-tagged POI in live tissues by simply crossing an HA Frankenbody fly with an HA-tagged POI fly. Strikingly, the GFP-mCherry tandem fluorescent-tagged HA Frankenbody revealed a block in autophagic flux and an accumulation of enlarged autolysosomes in the last instar larval and prepupal fat body. Mechanistically, lysosomal activity was downregulated at this stage, and endocytosis, but not autophagy, was indispensable for the swelling of lysosomes. Furthermore, forced activation of lysosomes by fat body-targeted overexpression of Mitf, the single MiTF/TFE family gene in Drosophila, suppressed the lysosomal swelling and resulted in pupal lethality. Collectively, we propose that downregulated lysosomal function in the fat body plays a role in the metamorphosis of Drosophila.
Strength and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Noncontact ACL Injury in Elite Female Footballers: A Prospective Study
Authors: COLLINGS TYLER J. , DIAMOND LAURA E. , BARRETT ROD S. , TIMMINS RYAN G. , HICKEY JACK T. , DU MOULIN WILLIAM S. , WILLIAMS MORGAN D. , BEERWORTH KATE A. , BOURNE MATTHEW N. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if a preseason field-based test battery was prospectively associated with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in elite female footballers.

Methods
In total, 322 elite senior and junior female Australian Rules Football and soccer players had their isometric hip adductor and abductor strength, eccentric knee flexor strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) kinetics, and single-leg hop kinematics assessed during the 2019 preseason. Demographic and injury history details were also collected. Footballers were subsequently followed for 18 months for ACL injury.

Results
Fifteen noncontact ACL injuries occurred during the follow-up period. Prior ACL injury (odds ratio [OR], 9.68; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.67–31.46), a lower isometric hip adductor to abductor strength ratio (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.09–3.61), greater CMJ peak take-off force (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.09–3.61), and greater single-leg triple vertical hop average dynamic knee valgus (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06–3.63) and ipsilateral trunk flexion (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.01–2.55) were independently associated with an increased risk of subsequent ACL injury. A multivariable prediction model consisting of CMJ peak take-off force, dynamic knee valgus, and ACL injury history that was internally validated classified ACL injured from uninjured footballers with 78% total accuracy. Between-leg asymmetry in lower limb strength and CMJ kinetics were not associated with subsequent ACL injury risk.

Conclusions
Preseason field-based measures of lower limb muscle strength and biomechanics were associated with future noncontact ACL injury in elite female footballers. These risk factors can be used to guide ACL injury screening practices and inform the design of targeted injury prevention training in elite female footballers.
Long-Term Exercise Intervention in Patients with McArdle Disease: Clinical and Aerobic Fitness Benefits
Authors: SANTALLA ALFREDO , VALENZUELA PEDRO L. , RODRIGUEZ-LOPEZ CARLOS , RODRÍGUEZ-GÓMEZ IRENE , NOGALES-GADEA GISELA , PINÓS TOMÀS , ARENAS JOAQUÍN , MARTÍN MIGUEL A. , SANTOS-LOZANO ALEJANDRO , MORÁN MARÍA , FIUZA-LUCES CARMEN , ARA IGNACIO , LUCIA ALEJANDRO 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The long-term effects of exercise in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of “exercise intolerance”—are unknown. This is an important question because the severity of the disease frequently increases with time.

Purpose
This study aimed to study the effects of a long-term exercise intervention on clinical and fitness-related outcomes in McArdle patients.

Methods
Seventeen patients (exercise group: n = 10, 6 male, 38 ± 18 yr; control: n = 7, 4 male, 38 ± 18 yr) participated in a 2-yr unsupervised intervention including moderate-intensity aerobic (cycle-ergometer exercise for 1 h) and resistance (high load–low repetition circuit) training on 5 and 2–3 d·wk−1, respectively. Patients were assessed at baseline and postintervention. Besides safety, outcomes included clinical severity (e.g., exercise intolerance features) on a 0–3 scale (primary outcome), and aerobic fitness, gross muscle efficiency, and body composition (total/regional fat, muscle, and bone mass; secondary outcomes).

Results
The exercise program was safe and resulted in a reduction of 1 point (−1.0; 95% confidence interval, −1.6 to −0.5; P = 0.025) in clinical severity versus the control group, with 60% of participants in the exercise group becoming virtually asymptomatic and with no functional limitation in daily life activities. Compared with controls, the intervention induced significant and large benefits (all P < 0.05) in the workload eliciting the ventilatory threshold (both in absolute (watts, +37%) and relative units (watts per kilogram of total body mass or of lower-limb muscle mass, +44%)), peak oxygen uptake (in milliliters per kilogram per minute, +28%), and peak workload (in absolute (+27%) and relative units (+33%)). However, no significant changes were found for muscle efficiency or for any measure of body composition.

Conclusions
A 2-yr unsupervised intervention including aerobic and resistance exercise is safe and induces major benefits in the clinical course and aerobic fitness of patients with McArdle disease.
Cross-Sectional Associations of Sedentary Behavior and Sitting with Serum Lipid Biomarkers in Midlife
Authors: TJURIN PETRA , NIEMELÄ MAISA , KANGAS MAARIT , NAUHA LAURA , VÄHÄ-YPYÄ HENRI , SIEVÄNEN HARRI , KORPELAINEN RAIJA , FARRAHI VAHID , JÄMSÄ TIMO 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physical inactivity, excessive total time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) and prolonged sedentary bouts have been proposed to be risk factors for chronic disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, which patterns and postures of SB have the most negative impacts on health outcomes is still unclear. This population-based study aimed to investigate the independent associations of the patterns of accelerometer-based overall SB and sitting with serum lipid biomarkers at different moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) levels.

Methods
Physical activity and SB were measured in a birth cohort sample (N = 3272) at 46 yr using a triaxial hip-worn accelerometer in free-living conditions for 14 d. Raw acceleration data were classified into SB and PA using a machine learning–based model, and the bouts of overall SB and sitting were identified from the classified data. The participants also answered health-related questionnaires and participated in clinical examinations. Associations of overall SB (lying and sitting) and sitting patterns with serum lipid biomarkers were investigated using linear regression.

Results
The overall SB patterns were more consistently associated with serum lipid biomarkers than the sitting patterns after adjustments. Among the participants with the least and the most MVPA, high total time spent in SB and SB bouts of 15–29.99 and ≥30 min were associated with impaired lipid metabolism. Among those with moderate amount of MVPA, higher time spent in SB and SB bouts of 15–29.99 min was unfavorably associated with serum lipid biomarkers.

Conclusions
The associations between SB patterns and serum lipid biomarkers were dependent on MVPA level, which should be considered when planning evidence-based interventions to decrease SB in midlife.