bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HorNets: learning from discrete and continuous signals with routing neural networks
Authors: Koloski Boshko , Lavrač Nada , Škrlj Blaž 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Construction of neural network architectures suitable for learning from both continuous and discrete tabular data is challenging, as contemporary high-dimensional tabular data sets are often characterized by a relatively small set of instances and the request for efficient learning. We propose HorNets (Horn Networks), a neural network architecture with state-of-the-art performance on synthetic and real-life data sets from scarce-data tabular domains. HorNets are based on a clipped polynomial-like activation function, extended by a custom discrete-continuous routing mechanism that decides which part of the neural network to optimize based on the input’s cardinality. By explicitly modeling parts of the feature combination space or combining whole space in a linear attention-like manner, HorNets dynamically decide which mode of operation is the most suitable for a given piece of data with no explicit supervision. This architecture is one of the few approaches that reliably retrieves logical clauses (including noisy XNOR) and achieves state-of-the-art classification performance on 14 real-life biomedical high-dimensional data sets. HorNets are made freely available under a permissive license alongside a synthetic generator of categorical benchmarks.
Urban Suitability for Active Transportation: A Case Study from Coimbra, Portugal
Authors: Zargarzadeh Mehrnaz , Ribeiro Anabela Salgueiro Narciso 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Growing global awareness of the health risks of physical inactivity has led to policies promoting active transportation, sustainability, inclusivity, and healthier lifestyles. Some of these policies aim to promote walking and cycling, both for short distances within neighbourhoods and to connect to public transport for longer distances. This promotion helps reduce car dependence within new concepts such as the 15-min city, which ensures equitable access to daily needs, fosters social cohesion, and creates healthier, more sustainable urban areas. This study conducts a comprehensive literature review to cross-reference relevant factors influencing walking and biking, using the identified factors to propose a framework for assessing the suitability of urban areas for active modes of transportation. These factors are mainly related to densities, diversity of activities, green areas, and some infrastructural conditions. Using the case study of Coimbra, Portugal, it develops an application of this framework using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approaches and associated spatial analysis techniques. The results highlight the most and least suitable areas for walking and biking and show statistical inference on identifying clustered areas and spatial autocorrelation. This analysis shows whether the city areas are closer to the concept of a 15-min city regarding active modes. Therefore, it is useful for guiding policymakers and urban planners in urban improvement initiatives. Additionally, it helps residents select areas based on their physical abilities and lifestyle preferences.
On approximations of subordinators in $$L^p$$ and the simulation of tempered stable distributions
Authors: Grabchak Michael , Saba Sina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Subordinators are infinitely divisible distributions on the positive half-line. They are often used as mixing distributions in Poisson mixtures. We show that appropriately scaled Poisson mixtures can approximate the mixing subordinator and we derive a rate of convergence in

$$L^p$$

L
p

for each

$$p\in [1,\infty ]$$

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
]

. This includes the Kolmogorov and Wasserstein metrics as special cases. As an application, we develop an approach for approximate simulation of the underlying subordinator. In the interest of generality, we present our results in the context of more general mixtures, specifically those that can be represented as differences of randomly stopped Lévy processes. Particular focus is given to the case where the subordinator belongs to the class of tempered stable distributions.
Beyond biological and social normativity: varieties of norm deviation and the justification for intervention
Authors: Evans Andrew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The most common theoretical approaches to defining mental disorder are naturalism, normativism, and hybridism. Naturalism and normativism are often portrayed as diametrically opposed, with naturalism grounded in objective science and normativism grounded in social convention and values. Hybridism is seen as a way of combining the two. However, all three approaches share a common feature in that they conceive of mental disorders as deviations from norms. Naturalism concerns biological norms; normativism concerns social norms; and hybridism, both biological and social norms. This raises the following two questions: (a) Are biological and social norms the only sorts of norms that are relevant to considerations of mental disorder? (b) Should addressing norm deviations continue to be a major focus of mental healthcare? This paper introduces several norms that are relevant to mental disorder beyond the biological and social. I argue that mental disorders often deviate from individual, well-being, and regulatory norms. I also consider approaches which question mental healthcare’s focus on addressing norm deviations in the first place, including the neurodiversity paradigm, social model of disability, and Mad discourse. Utilizing these critical approaches, I contend that whether mental health intervention is justified depends, in part, on the type of norm deviation being intervened upon.
Better but Wrong: Assessing Conflicts Between the Deontic and the Evaluative
Authors: Faraci David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent work, Benjamin Ferguson and Sebastian Köhler take interest in the claim that permissible acts are always morally better than impermissible acts (bop). They argue that bop is both commonsensical and supported by powerful theoretical considerations. They then present a series of cases in which common moral claims appear to conflict with bop. In this paper, I first show that some of the conflicts Ferguson and Köhler identify are merely apparent, as they arise only given theoretical commitments regarding the value of actions that supporters of the relevant claims can and do reject. In the second half of the paper, I address two other cases Ferguson and Köhler discuss. I argue that the conflicts with bop in these cases are genuine, but also to be expected, because these cases involve supererogation, and our best theories of supererogation are in tension with Ferguson and Köhler’s case for bop.
Fabrication of Solar Cells By Tuning the Composition Ratio of AgGaTe2 to Ga-Rich
Authors: Sasaki Tatsuya , Kobayashi Masakazu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Silver gallium telluride (AgGaTe2), an environmentally friendly material with a high optical absorption coefficient, was fabricated by the close-spaced sublimation (CSS) method. It was found that stoichiometric AgGaTe2 thin films can be produced by using GaTe as the source material for CSS and controlling the Ga molar concentration. Solar cells based on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS), which has a similar structure to that of AgGaTe2, have been reported to exhibit conversion efficiencies greater than 20% when the CIGS film is Ga-rich and Cu-poor. By increasing the diffusion/sublimation time during the formation of AgGaTe2 layers and using source materials with a Ga-rich composition, Ga-enriched AgGaTe2 thin films were formed. Optimal Ga-rich AgGaTe2 thin films were produced with extended diffusion/sublimation time, with a Ga mole fraction of 32%. However, Ga-rich Ag-Ga-Te compounds, AgGa5Te8 or Ga2Te3 were developed. Solar cells containing Ga-rich AgGaTe2 films displayed improved current density–voltage characteristics and spectral sensitivity compared with those of cells containing stoichiometric AgGaTe2 films. Under AM 1.5 irradiation, the conversion efficiency of the solar cells was recorded at 1.21%.
Exploratory biomarker analysis from a phase III study of the PI3K inhibitor, copanlisib, in combination with rituximab in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a retrospective study
Authors: Chaturvedi Shalini , Weispfenning Anke , Descamps Tine , Bellinvia Sara , Bauer David , Du Rong , Lunt Teresa , Soler Lidia Mongay , Childs Barrett H. , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
There has been increased difficulty in developing safe and effective treatment using PI3K inhibitors in heme malignancies, despite the role of PI3K/AKT being well defined in this population. This study was an attempt to conduct exploratory biomarker analysis retrospectively from the phase III CHRONOS-3 trial with the aim to identify a sub-set of patients that could benefit from treatment.

Patients and Methods
Patients with CD20-positive indolent B-cell lymphoma were randomized 2:1 to receive intravenous copanlisib plus rituximab (C + R) or placebo plus rituximab (P + R). Biomarker analyses were performed to examine potential associations between treatment outcome and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expression, EZH2 and BCL2 mutation status via next-generation sequencing, and plasma cytokine levels.

Results
PTEN presence was associated with significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) for C + R over P + R in patients with iNHL (P = 0.001) and FL (P = 0.012). Both the mutant and wild-type EZH2 FL patients had equal PFS benefits when treated with copanlisib. A significant improvement in PFS was observed for patients with mutant versus wild-type BCL2 FL in the C + R arm (P = 0.002). Overall survival (OS) was significantly improved for patients with iNHL and low or undetectable versus high baseline IL-2 levels in the C + R arm (P < 0.0001, unadjusted).

Conclusions
PTEN presence, BCL2 mutations, and low or undetectable baseline IL-2 levels were associated with improved patient survival following treatment with C + R, supporting a potential role for these biomarkers in guiding treatment selection for patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Neue Regulatoren des Mannose-6-Phosphat-abhängigen Proteintransportwegs
Authors: Chen Zilei , La Rosa Anna , Jabs Sabrina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Intracellular sorting of most soluble lysosomal enzymes occurs by tagging with mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the Golgi apparatus allowing recognition by M6P-receptors and transport to lysosomes. GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (GNPT) catalyzes the first step in M6P-tagging. Although the M6P sorting pathway is well-studied and was thought to be completely understood, several novel regulators of GNPT localization and stabilization in the cis-Golgi apparatus have been recently identified.
Funktionelle Charakterisierung unbekannter Proteasen des Mikrobioms
Authors: Shakil Nayab , Lakemeyer Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in human health, but the molecular mechanisms underlying microbial interactions remain poorly understood. Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) enables functional annotation of uncharacterized enzymes, particularly proteases, using chemical tools. Applying ABPP, Bacteroides fragilis Protease 1 (Bfp1) was identified as an activator of the human protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), modulating intestinal inflammation and barrier integrity.
A tourist tax in a vertically segmented destination with congestion effects
Authors: Calveras Aleix , Sákovics József 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a model of a two-segment tourist destination where there are externalities of congestion, both within and across segments. We show that when intersegment sensitivity to congestion from low to high category is sufficiently large, then a well-designed per-person tourist tax can increase local social welfare, while also increasing industry aggregate profit. In particular, it is profit maximizing to only tax the low segment, until it creates no externality on the high segment. Intervention is more likely to be optimal when the high category segment would be sufficiently more profitable (absent intersegment congestion) than the low category one. While a uniform tax on both segments may increase local welfare, it always decreases aggregate industry profits.
Sub-bituminous coal as a peculiar adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater
Authors: Rada Z. H. , Abid H. R. , Ahmed M. B. , Zargar M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coal, an abundant and cost-effective adsorbent, is explored for its potential in environmentally friendly greenhouse gas storage. Herein, the adsorption of anionic (methyl orange) and cationic (methylene blue) dyes on sub-bituminous coal was intensively studied. This study is the first application of sub-bituminous coal to examine the removal of different concentrations of dyes from water. The properties of the coal were studied using advanced analytical techniques. The initial dye concentration, solution pH, and adsorbent-adsorbate contact time were investigated for their influence on the adsorption efficiency of the dyes. Adsorption kinetics were then studied by applying common kinetic models and the adsorption isotherms were modeled using relevant isotherm models. The results showed that the sub-bituminous coal was an excellent adsorbent to capture methylene blue dye but less effective for methyl orange dye, with adsorption capacities of 25 mg/g and 15.5 mg/g, respectively. The Dubinin-Radushkevich model showed a higher R2 value (0.999) for the adsorption of methyl orange, while the adsorption of methylene blue on the Pan upper coal was better described by the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.999). Additionally, the Pseudo-first-order kinetic model proved favorable for both adsorbates, indicating that the adsorbate molecules were transported to the solid surface by diffusion, and the adsorption process involved physisorption. This study confirms that sub-bituminous coal is a promising economic adsorbent for removing methylene blue dye.
“Who and how to screen for endogenous hypercortisolism among young women presenting with clinical hyperandrogenism and/or menstrual abnormalities ”
Authors: Ferraù Francesco , Alessi Ylenia , Nista Federica , Roux Anna , Ferone Diego , Arvat Emanuela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is rare, with an incidence of 0.7–2.4 per million population per year according to population-based studies. However, evaluation of patients presenting disorders potentially related to cortisol excess, and therefore with a ‘high risk of clinical suspicion’ profile, could bring out several unrecognized cases. CS represents one of the most challenging endocrine diseases, with clinical features overlapping with those of common conditions affecting general population, invariably resulting in potential mis- or delayed diagnosis with negative consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality. CS is remarkably prevalent among young females, variably presenting with menstrual irregularities and/or signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Herein we briefly reviewed literature on prevalence and clinical impact of menses abnormalities, acne and hirsutism -also coexisting in the context of a polycystic ovary syndrome- in CS, aiming at clarifying if, when and how to screen for hypercortisolism young women with these disorders.
Machine learning approach to predict the early-age flexural strength of sensor-embedded 3D-printed structures
Authors: Banijamali Kasra , Dempsey Mary , Chen Jianhua , Kazemian Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The absence of formwork in 3D-printed concrete, unlike conventional mold-cast concrete, introduces greater variability in curing conditions, posing significant challenges in accurately estimating the early-age mechanical strength. Therefore, common non-destructive techniques such as the maturity method fail to deliver a generalized predictive model for the mechanical strength of 3D-printed structures. In this study, multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms, including linear regression (LR), support vector regression (SVR), and artificial neural network (ANN), were developed to estimate the early-age flexural strength of 3D-printed beams under varying curing conditions, utilizing data collected from embedded sensors. Six input variables were employed for the ML models, including relative permittivity, internal temperature, and curing method. For model development, 144 data points were collected from an extensive experimental study, and multiple statistical metrics were employed to evaluate the proposed models. The ANN model outperformed the other models in predicting early-age strength, achieving a coefficient of determination of 95.1%. Furthermore, the input variable analysis highlighted the curing method as the most influential factor affecting the strength of 3D-printed beams.
Workplace Quality and Exposure to Bullying During a Crisis: The Inhibiting Role of Positive Leadership in Nursing
Authors: Georganta Katerina , Nikolakopoulos Stavros , Glaveli Niki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created an extremely stressful situation for hospitals by intensifying a range of stressors like workload, death and dying, lack of support, inadequate preparation, uncertainty, and conflict. Stressors like these operate as an avenue for the proliferation of bullying. Grounded on Leymann’s Work Environment hypothesis and Baillien’s et al. Three-Way Model which predict that bullying may develop from work-design factors, but at the same time mitigated as a result of the quality of the work environment, it is explored whether positive leadership styles (ethical, supportive, and authentic) would buffer the relationship between the quality of work environment and bullying in hospitals during a crisis. A cross-sectional study was designed collecting data from 234 hospital nurses working in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moderation analyses showed that leadership styles interacted with stressors in the predicted direction in relation to various types of bullying (work-related, person-related, and physical intimidation). Ethical leadership emerged as the style that significantly interplayed with a range of stressors and buffered their effects on all types of bullying behaviors measured. Theoretical and practical implications in terms of leadership development and its role as a higher-order job resource in the development of high-quality hospital work environments, as well as for proactive crisis management, are discussed.
Camera trap-based estimates reveal spatial variability in African clawless otter population densities and behaviour
Authors: Lewis Candice B. , Majelantle Tshepiso L. , Haussmann Natalie S. , McIntyre Trevor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Estimating the population size of shy and elusive species is challenging but necessary to inform appropriate conservation actions for threatened or declining species. Using camera-trap surveys conducted during 2017–2021, we estimated and compared African clawless otter Aonyx capensis population densities and activity times in six conserved areas in southern Africa. We used two different models to estimate densities: random encounter models and camera-trap distance sampling. Our results highlight a general pattern of higher estimated densities and narrower confidence intervals using random encounter models compared to camera-trap distance sampling. We found substantial variation in densities between study areas, with random encounter model estimates ranging between 0.9 and 4.2 otters/km2. Our camera-trap distance sampling estimates supported the relative density estimates obtained from random encounter models but were generally lower and more variable, ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 otters/km2. We found significant differences in otter activity patterns, with populations either being nocturnal, mostly nocturnal or cathemeral. As all study areas experience little human disturbance, our results suggest that there are large natural variations in otter densities and activity patterns between regions. When densities are converted to metrics that are comparable to previous studies, our estimates suggest that African clawless otter population numbers are generally lower than previously reported. This highlights a need for broader spatial coverage of otter population assessments and future studies to assess potential environmental drivers of spatial, and potentially temporal, variation in population numbers and activity patterns.
Gender and social class dynamics in intergenerational financial transfers among older adults: national trends over two decades in Sweden
Authors: von Saenger Isabelle , Dahlberg Lena , Silverstein Merril , Fritzell Johan , Lennartsson Carin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite the universal social policies of Sweden’s welfare state, recent decades have seen decreasing public benefits and increasing socio-economic disparities, affecting the financial wellbeing of older adults and their younger family members. This repeated cross-sectional study explores the development of intergenerational financial transfers in Sweden over the past two decades, examining transfers involving older parents and their children and grandchildren, and patterns related to gender and social class. It utilises data from the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old, from 2002 to 2021, along with descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, to study shifts in donor–receiver proportions and gender/social-class disparities. The findings revealed that approximately one in four parents provided financial support to younger generations, while very few received such support. Downward financial transfers increased over time, with growing focus on grandchildren. No significant gender differences in providing were identified; however, women’s contributions increased in frequency and amount, compared to previous cohorts of women. Men’s contributions remained relatively stable over time. Parents in higher social classes were more inclined to provide financial support than parents in lower classes; this difference grew over time. Additionally, parents in higher social classes more frequently provided higher amounts than their counterparts. In conclusion, this study underscores changing gender and social-class patterns in financial contributions made by parents to their children and grandchildren in contemporary Sweden. Understanding these levels and subgroup differences is crucial for shaping policies and mitigating the potential growth of socio-economic inequality in future generations.
Assessment of the Performance of SWOT for Observing the Static Ocean Topography
Authors: Nilsson Bjarke , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Knudsen Per 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMarine geodetic references, such as the mean sea surface (MSS), are currently limited by the spatial resolution of conventional satellite altimeters. We analyze the new swath‐altimetry data from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, to determine the performance of SWOT for mapping the static ocean topography, and possible benefit of inclusion in future reference models. By determining how well SWOT observes the static features in the ocean surface during SWOTs fast‐sampling phase, we have determined the expected performance during the science phase of the mission. We observe a 50% reduction in variability of the static surface compared with Sentinel‐3, whilst resolving up to 36% shorter wavelengths (down to 8 km) compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art Hybrid23 MSS reference model. Comparisons with Sentinel‐3 show that SWOT will benefit the current altimetry record.