bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OsSLA1 functions in leaf angle regulation by enhancing the interaction between OsBRI1 and OsBAK1 in rice
Authors: Song Yajing , Niu Ruofan , Yu Hongli , Guo Jing , Du Chunhui , Zhang Zilun , Wei Ying , Li Jiaxue , Zhang Suqiao 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYLeaf angle is an important trait in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase OsSLA1 plays an important role in leaf angle regulation in rice (Oryza sativa). OsSLA1 mutant plants exhibited a small leaf angle phenotype due to changes of adaxial cells in the lamina joint. GUS staining revealed that OsSLA1 was highly expressed in adaxial cells of the lamina joint. The OsSLA1 mutant plants were insensitive to exogenous epibrassinolide (eBL) and showed upregulated expression of DWARF and CPD, but downregulated expression of BU1, BUL1, and ILI1, indicating that brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction was blocked. Fluorescence microscopy showed that OsSLA1 was localized to the plasma membrane and nearby periplasmic vesicles. Further study showed that OsSLA1 interacts with OsBRI1 and OsBAK1 via its intracellular domain and promotes the interaction between OsBRI1 and OsBAK1. In addition, phosphorylation experiments revealed that OsSLA1 does not possess kinase activity, but that it can be phosphorylated by OsBRI1 in vitro. Knockout of OsSLA1 in the context of d61 caused exacerbation of the mutant phenotype. These results demonstrate that OsSLA1 regulates leaf angle formation via positive regulation of BR signaling by enhancing the interaction of OsBRI1 with OsBAK1.
The use of ‘trend’ statements in veterinary oncology literature
Authors: Groves Priscilla K. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Geels Olivia R. , Withers Sita S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStatements such as ‘trend towards’ and ‘tended to’ in regards to ‘statistical significance’ are ambiguous and reflect the continued focus on proximity of p‐values to .05. By themselves, p‐values do not provide a measure of effect size or other information needed to judge clinical importance. The goal of this study was to examine original research articles in the journal Veterinary and Comparative Oncology over 2 years, and describe the use of ‘trend’ statements. Articles were reviewed for ‘trend’ and ‘tended to’ statements, the number of statements made per paper, whether a p‐value and/or 95% confidence interval was provided to accompany these statements, and what the p‐value was (if provided). We noted 15.8% of articles included at least one ‘trend’ or ‘tended to’ statement to describe differences between groups. Specifically, 10.5% of articles used these statements to describe differences without providing the associated p‐value, or where p > .05. Of the total 36 ‘trend’ statements noted, six were not accompanied by p‐values and eight were associated with p‐values >.10. Similarly, four of the 16 ‘tended to’ statements were not accompanied by p‐values, and one was associated with a p‐value >.10. These data reveal a similar emphasis on p‐value proximity in veterinary oncology literature compared to that of human oncology literature. Furthermore, these findings highlight the ambiguity of ‘trend’ statements and support the development of additional guidelines (e.g., the de‐emphasis of p‐value proximity to an arbitrary threshold, and effect size reporting) for interpreting results in veterinary oncology research.
Nasal colonization by Entamoeba gingivalis in a 13‐year‐old Italian Greyhound
Authors: Randolph Nina K. , McAloney Camille A. , Ossiboff Robert , Hernandez Betsy , Cook Matthew , Hokamp Jessica A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 13‐year‐old 4.6 kg castrated male Italian Greyhound was presented for evaluation of sneezing, bilateral epistaxis and mucoid nasal discharge of approximately 3 months duration. Severe periodontal disease was noted on physical exam. The patient’s CBC was unremarkable. His biochemical profile revealed mild azotemia as well as mild electrolyte abnormalities. Rhinoscopy revealed a tan plaque present in the left dorsal meatus of the nasal cavity. Vigorous flushing yielded granular white particulates suspended in the saline, which were cytologically examined. Marked neutrophilic inflammation, a diverse bacterial population, and organisms consistent with amoebic trophozoites were identified. The remaining fluid was analyzed by PCR and sequencing, and Entamoeba gingivalis was identified. The dog’s clinical signs improved dramatically after initiating treatment with clindamycin. Six weeks after diagnosis, a dental cleaning with multiple extractions was performed. Four weeks after the dental procedure, the dog was clinically normal. This report describes the clinical, hematologic, cytologic, and gross findings in a case of Entamoeba gingivalis infection in a dog.
Advances in site‐specific weed management in agriculture—A review
Authors: Gerhards Roland , Andújar Sanchez Dionisio , Hamouz Pavel , Peteinatos Gerassimos G. , Christensen Svend , Fernandez‐Quintanilla Cesar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe developments of information and automation technologies have opened a new era for weed management to fit physical and chemical control treatments to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of weed distributions in agricultural fields. This review describes the technologies of site‐specific weed management (SSWM) systems, evaluates their ecological and economic benefits and gives a perspective for the implementation in practical farming. Sensor technologies including 3D cameras, multispectral imaging and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for weed classification and computer‐based decision algorithms are described in combination with precise spraying and hoeing operations. Those treatments are targeted for patches of weeds or individual weed plants. Cameras can also guide inter‐row hoes precisely in the centre between two crop rows at much higher driving speed. Camera‐guided hoeing increased selectivity and weed control efficacy compared with manual steered hoeing. Robots combine those guiding systems with in‐row hoeing or spot spraying systems that can selectively control individual weeds within crop rows. Results with patch spraying show at least 50% saving of herbicides in various crops without causing additional costs for weed control in the following years. A challenge with these technologies is the interoperability of sensing and controllers. Most of the current SSWM technologies use their own IT protocols that do not allow connecting different sensors and implements. Plug & play standards for linking detection, decision making and weeding would improve the adoption of new SSWM technologies and reduce operational costs. An important impact of SSWM is the potential contribution to the EU‐Green Deal targets to reduce pesticide use and increase biodiversity. However, further on‐farm research is needed for integrating those technologies into agricultural practice.
Biogeographic reconstruction of the migratory Neotropical fish family Prochilodontidae (Teleostei: Characiformes)
Authors: Frable Benjamin W. , Melo Bruno F. , Fontenelle João P. , Oliveira Claudio , Sidlauskas Brian L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGeographically, widespread Neotropical fish lineages offer opportunities to reconstruct historical biogeography patterns and infer processes leading to modern ichthyological diversity and distribution. The characiform family Prochilodontidae is well suited for such reconstruction because their migrations limit population substructure within river systems. Therefore, their biogeographic history should match closely the history of connectivity among Neotropical river basins. Here, we combine a time‐calibrated phylogeny with biogeographic model testing to recover the history of this family's diversification. Results support the Miocene rise of the Andean Eastern Cordillera as a dispersal barrier, but also indicate a much earlier Eocene origin of the trans‐Andean genus Ichthyoelephas. Despite the early origin of the family and its three constituent genera, most prochilodontid lineages originated during the Miocene in Greater Amazonia, likely due to drainage reorganizations caused by Andean uplift. Subsequent speciation appears linked to interbasin exchanges and expansions of Amazonian lineages into Brazilian coastal systems. The modern richness of Prochilodus in easterly drainages appears to be relatively young, with only Prochilodus vimboides likely reaching that region prior to the late Miocene. The rise of the Vaupes Arch coincides with two splits between Orinocoan and Amazonian lineages circa 9 million years ago (Ma). However, two instances of later dispersal between these drainages reveal the permeability of the Vaupes Arch, suggesting that it may promote periodic speciation. This study illustrates how model‐based biogeographic studies of widespread groups can reconstruct historic paths of dispersal and help reveal how landscape evolution promoted modern diversity patterns.
Taxonomic revision of the Tropiocolotes nattereri (Squamata, Gekkonidae) species complex, with the description of a new species from Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ribeiro‐Júnior Marco Antônio , Tamar Karin , Maza Erez , Flecks Morris , Wagner Philipp , Shacham Boaz , Calvo Marta , Geniez Philippe , Crochet Pierre‐André , Koch Claudia , Meiri Shai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe examined the taxonomy of the minute desert geckos of the Tropiocolotes nattereri species complex using the largest morphological sampling, and the first molecular assessment of intraspecific diversity within this complex. We examined variation in mitochondrial and nuclear markers (12S, ND2, c‐mos and MC1R) of 30 samples and analyzed the external morphology of 202 specimens, from across the entire distribution range of the complex from Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. We recognize two species under the name T. nattereri. We thus hereby describe a new species, T. yomtovi sp. n., and we redefine and redescribe T. nattereri, for which we designate a neotype. The species diversity in the genus Tropiocolotes increases to 15.
“FALHAS DE IA” E A INTERVENÇÃO HUMANA EM DECISÕES AUTOMATIZADAS: PARÂMETROS PARA A LEGITIMAÇÃO PELA HUMANIZAÇÃO
Authors: Doneda Danilo , Wimmer Miriam 
Published: March 2022

Em um contexto em que diferentes países vêm reconhecendo um direito à intervenção humana face a decisões automatizadas, o artigo tem por objetivo investigar os elementos que podem atrair a necessidade de introdução de parâmetros humanos em processos de decisão impulsionados por sistemas de Inteligência Artificial. Assim, com base no método hipotético-dedutivo e a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o artigo explora diferentes categorias de problemas que podem advir de decisões tomadas por sistemas de IA, concluindo que, em determinados casos, a necessidade de intervenção humana pode ser identificada não apenas com base em critérios de eficiência, mas também pode se constituir em um componente ético em si mesmo. Por outro lado, argumenta-se que determinados parâmetros de sistemas de IA, tais como o seu nível de transparência e auditabilidade, a explicabilidade das decisões, o seu baixo impacto potencial a direitos e garantias fundamentais e o grau de participação do próprio usuário do sistema na sua configuração e utilização, poderiam mitigar os riscos associados ao "déficit de humanidade" e assim proporcionar que a intervenção humana seja modulada em diferentes níveis de intensidade, mantendo-se o atendimento aos requisitos éticos de decisões legítimas, confiáveis, justas e cognoscíveis, por seres humanos, em seus principais elementos.
Ethical Dimensions of the GDPR, AI Regulation, and Beyond
Authors: Hijmans Hielke , Raab Charles 
Published: March 2022

Our digital society is changing rapidly, with emerging new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, robotics, and the internet of things. These changes trigger new fundamental ethical questions relating to privacy, data protection and other values, including human rights and the way they are affected by the extensive and intensive use of data for analytical and practical innovations. This article explores these ethical dimensions and the extent to which the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of 2018 takes ethics into account in relation to these socio-technical developments. More briefly, it looks similarly but more selectively at the EU’s proposed AI Act of 2021, which aims to regulate AI in relation to levels of risk.It concludes with some observations on desirable institutional arrangements for making and applying ethical judgements in the regulation of advanced technologies that use personal data.
O Manejo Meticuloso do Jurídico no Processo Penal de Execução: As Entrelinhas dos Mandados de Busca e Apreensão Coletivos no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santoro Antonio Eduardo Ramires , Duarte Daniel Nascimento 
Published: March 2022

No ano de 2017, após a morte de um policial em uma operação policial para apreensão de drogas na Comunidade do Jacaré, no Rio de Janeiro, seguiu-se uma intensa reação das forças policiais por onze dias, resultando em diversas mortes e a eliminação de direitos fundamentais dos moradores. A violência policial foi legitimada por decisões judiciais, especialmente que fizeram expedir mandado de busca e apreensão coletivo. Diante dessa realidade, o problema que move o trabalho é: existe, na prática, um processo penal de exceção no seio do Estado Democrático de Direito brasileiro que se volta especialmente contra a população periférica, pobre e preta, que deu ensejo e justificou a determinação de expedição de um mandado de busca e apreensão coletivo? Quais seriam as características desse processo penal excepcional? Trabalhou-se a hipótese de que esse processo penal de exceção existe, tendo como uma das suas principais características o manejo meticuloso do jurídico e da estrutura institucional da máquina judiciária com vistas a flexibilizar garantias de um rol específico de inimigos politicamente delimitados - rol que desponta naturalmente para o terreno periférico onde habita a pobreza. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se desenvolveu com análise empírica documental dos autos processuais e bibliográfica no âmbito da filosofia política, política criminal e do processo penal, que confirmou a hipótese inicial.
Association of Collagen, Elastin, Glycosaminoglycans, and Macrophages With Tissue Ultimate Material Strength and Stretch in Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: A Uniaxial Tension Study
Authors: Tokgoz Aziz , Wang Shuo , Sastry Priya , Sun Chang , Figg Nichola L. , Huang Yuan , Bennett Martin R. , Sinha Sanjay , Gillard Jonathan H. , Sutcliffe Michael P. F. , Teng Zhongzhao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fiber structures and pathological features, e.g., inflammation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition, are the primary determinants of aortic mechanical properties which are associated with the development of an aneurysm. This study is designed to quantify the association of tissue ultimate strength and extensibility with the structural percentage of different components, in particular, GAG, and local fiber orientation. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) tissues from eight patients were collected. Ninety-six tissue strips of thickened intima, media, and adventitia were prepared for uni-extension tests and histopathological examination. Area ratios of collagen, elastin, macrophage and GAG, and collagen fiber dispersion were quantified. Collagen, elastin, and GAG were layer-dependent and the inflammatory burden in all layers was low. The local GAG ratio was negatively associated with the collagen ratio (r2 = 0.173, p &lt; 0.05), but positively with elastin (r2 = 0.037, p &lt; 0.05). Higher GAG deposition resulted in larger local collagen fiber dispersion in the media and adventitia, but not in the intima. The ultimate stretch in both axial and circumferential directions was exclusively associated with elastin ratio (axial: r2 = 0.186, p = 0.04; circumferential: r2 = 0.175, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis showed that collagen and GAG contents were both associated with ultimate strength in the circumferential direction, but not with the axial direction (collagen: slope = 27.3, GAG: slope = −18.4, r2 = 0.438, p = 0.002). GAG may play important roles in TAA material strength. Their deposition was found to be associated positively with the local collagen fiber dispersion and negatively with ultimate strength in the circumferential direction.
Transient Continuum Mechanics and Chemomechanics
Authors: Shen Shengping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A transient chemomechanical coupling formulation for solid continuum is presented. The second-order rate and the characterized time are introduced to include the transient effect through Taylor expansion. The transient Reynold’s transport theorem is derived with the new products or material elimination considered. Based on conservation laws and the second law of thermodynamic, we state a consistent Helmholtz-energy-based framework. The transient field equations take mechanical and chemical contributions and microscopic time into account. Either microscopic time or chemical reactions leads to the unsymmetry of the stress tensor. The relationship of Helmholtz energy and constitutive properties, the evolution equations, and the entropy are consistent with the classical continuum thermodynamics and the constitutive theory in continuum mechanics. Further, the transient equations of thermal conduction and diffusion with finite velocity are naturally derived rather than postulated, and a comparison with the existing theories is discussed.
Proposed Material Properties, Allowable Stresses, and Design Curves of Diffusion Bonded Alloy 800H for the ASME Code Section III Division 5
Authors: Mahajan Heramb P. , McKillop Suzanne , Keating Robert , Hassan Tasnim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIncreased interest in compact heat exchangers (CHXs) to serve as intermediate heat exchangers of very high temperature reactors resulted in significant research and development on their design, analysis, and construction. Printed circuit heat exchangers are a type of CHXs with high thermal efficiency and compactness achieved through diffusion bonding a stack of etched plates with millimeter scaled channels. The diffusion bonding process changes the microstructural and mechanical properties of the wrought metal plates. The current nonnuclear design code ASME section VIII, division 1 captures the material property change through a “joint efficiency factor.” However, the current nuclear design code ASME section III, division 5 does not address or support the diffusion bonded material properties. Hence, there is a need to develop allowable stresses, isochronous curves, and fatigue life curves for various diffusion bonded alloys. In this study, Alloy 800H material was selected to establish the diffusion bonded material properties under tension, creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue loads at elevated temperatures in the range 550–760 °C. A set of tests on diffusion bonded Alloy 800H (DB 800H) were performed and the acquired data are used in developing allowable stresses Sy, Su, Sr, Sm, St, Smt, So, isochronous curves and fatigue life curves according to the ASME section III, division 5 requirements. This paper also presents detailed procedures used in developing the ASME code section III division 5 design provisions for diffusion bonded Alloy 800H.
Pressure-temperature-deformation-time path for the Seve Nappe Complex, Kebnekaise Massif, Arctic Swedish Caledonides
Authors: Baird* Graham B. , Korhonen* Fawna J. , Chamberlain* Kevin R. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The Seve Nappe Complex in the Scandinavian Caledonides records a range of peak metamorphic conditions and timings. To better understand pressure-temperature-deformation-time differences throughout the complex and possible tectonic scenarios, metamorphosed mafic rocks within the Tarfala Valley of the Kebnekaise Massif (Sweden) were investigated using integrated petrologic and geochronologic techniques. Thermodynamic modeling of two samples using domainal and whole-rock compositions integrated with mineral chemistry, mineral textures, and titanite and zircon U-Pb geochronology constrained a portion of the pressure-temperature (P-T) path. Peak metamorphic conditions of 590–660 °C and 9.7–10.5 kbar were followed by near-isothermal decompression or a subsolidus clockwise P-T path. Amphibolite units in the valley record retrograde conditions at 450–550 °C at less than 7.5 kbar, although mineral modes and textures are most consistent with pressures &lt;4 kbar. The majority of titanite growth occurred due to the introduction of hydrous fluids during cooling and following exhumation to midcrustal levels. U-Pb ages of retrograde titanite define a spread from ca. 480 to 449 Ma, and the oldest age is interpreted to constrain the timing of retrogression following exhumation. This interpretation is supported by a U-Pb zircon crystallization age of 481 ± 7 Ma for a metamorphosed intermediate to felsic synkinematic dike hosted in one of the amphibolite units.
These results indicate that the Kebnekaise region records Early Ordovician deformation and metamorphism that was of lower grade compared to other Seve Nappe Complex locations to the south. The tectonic history of these rocks includes metamorphism and exhumation during the Cambrian–Ordovician pre-Scandian event, followed by thrusting of the Seve Nappe Complex and neighboring rocks onto Baltica during the Silurian Scandian orogeny.
Direct Conjugation of Penicillins and Cephalosporins with Proteins for Receptor Assays of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Serchenya T. S. , Harbachova I. V. , Sviridov O. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract—
Fifteen protein conjugates of penicillins and cephalosporins containing amino- and/or carboxylic groups in the initial structures have been synthesized in the reactions with human serum albumin or ovalbumin using 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) or a combination of EDC and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide at various ratios of the base reagents. A comparative study of conjugates composition and properties has been carried out by UV spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and a ligand-receptor assay. It was shown that the antibiotic residue content of the macromolecules obtained varied from 1 to 22, the beta-lactam cycle remained intact assuring specific interactions of the conjugates with a penicillin-binding protein. In two developed models of receptor bioanalytic systems, an ampicillin conjugate onto a solid phase binds to penicillin-binding protein complexed with a monoclonal antibody, which was detected by an immunoenzyme label in microplate wells or gold nanoparticles on test strips. Conjugated ampicillin binding to the receptor was competitively inhibited by beta-lactam antibiotics added to the liquid phase, and analytical sensitivities relative to penicillin G were 0.05 and 1 ng/mL for microplate and receptor chromatographic systems, respectively.