bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
99mTc-labeled colloid SPECT/CT versus planar lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node detection in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Quartuccio Natale , Alongi Pierpaolo , Guglielmo Priscilla , Ricapito Rosaria , Arnone Gaspare , Treglia Giorgio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and planar lymphoscintigraphy (PL) in patients with primary breast cancer, undergoing lymphoscintigraphy at initial staging. Specifically, we assessed the detection rate (DR) for sentinel lymph node (SLN), the absolute number of detected SLNs by each technique, and the proportion of patients with additional SLNs detected by one technique compared to the other one. Finally, we aimed to evaluate the impact of SPECT/CT on the surgical approach.

Methods
Original articles, providing a head-to-head comparison between SPECT/CT and PL, including patients with primary breast cancer at first presentation, were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases through March 31st, 2022. The DR of the imaging techniques was calculated on a per-patient analysis; studies were pooled on their odds ratios (ORs) with a random-effects model to assess the presence of a significant difference between the DRs of SPECT/CT and PL. The number of additional SLNs, calculated as relative risk (RR), and the pooled proportion of patients with additional SLNs using one imaging technique rather than the other one were investigated. The pooled ratio of surgical procedures (SLN harvesting) influenced by the use of SPECT/CT, according to the surgeons, was calculated.

Results
Sixteen studies with 2693 patients were eligible for the calculation of the DR of SPECT/CT and PL. The DR was 92.11% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 89.32–94.50%] for SPECT/CT, and 85.12% (95% CI 80.58–89.15%) for PL, with an OR of 1.96 (95% CI 1.51–2.55) in favor of SPECT/CT. There was a relative risk of detection of larger number of SLNs (RR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.14–1.32; 12 studies; 979 patients) for SPECT/CT (n = 3983) compared to PL (n = 3321) and a significant proportion of patients with additional SLNs detected by SPECT/CT, which were missed by PL (18.88%, 95% CI: 11.72%-27.27%; 13 studies). Four articles, with a total number of 1427 patients, revealed that 23.98% of the surgical procedures benefited from the use of SPECT/CT.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis favors SPECT/CT over PL for the identification of SLN in patients with primary breast cancer at staging due to higher DR, more SLNs depicted, and a significant proportion of subjects with additional detected SLNs by SPECT/CT compared to PL. Furthermore, SPECT/CT positively influences the surgical procedure. However, PL remains a satisfactory imaging option for imaging departments not equipped with SPECT/CT due to its good patient-based DR.
Uniqueness of Solutions to Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations from their Zeros
Authors: Kehle Christoph , Ramos João P. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe show novel types of uniqueness and rigidity results for Schrödinger equations in either the nonlinear case or in the presence of a complex-valued potential. As our main result we obtain that the trivial solution $$u=0$$

u
=
0

is the only solution for which the assumptions $$u(t=0)\vert _{D}=0, u(t=T)\vert _{D}=0$$

u

(
t
=
0
)

|

D

=
0
,
u

(
t
=
T
)

|

D

=
0

hold, where $$D\subset \mathbb {R}^d$$

D
⊂

R

d

are certain subsets of codimension one. In particular, D is discrete for dimension $$d=1$$

d
=
1

. Our main theorem can be seen as a nonlinear analogue of discrete Fourier uniqueness pairs such as the celebrated Radchenko–Viazovska formula in [21], and the uniqueness result of the second author and M. Sousa for powers of integers [22]. As an additional application, we deduce rigidity results for solutions to some semilinear elliptic equations from their zeros.
The effect of CPAP therapy on heart rate variability in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Grzęda-Hałon Magda , Poręba Małgorzata , Gut Gabriela , Czerwińska Karolina , Gać Paweł , Martynowicz Helena , Mazur Grzegorz , Poręba Rafał 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the initiation of CPAP therapy and HRV in patients with OSA. The study group consisted of 37 patients, aged 34–79 (mean 54.95 years) with OSA treated with CPAP. Two subgroups of patients were distinguished: less than severe (AHI < 30, n = 16) and severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30, n = 21). The second study was carried out around a month after the initiation of therapy. CPAP therapy caused the improvement in polysomnographic parameters, however, in most parameters in time and frequency analysis, there were no significant positive changes in parasympathetic tone. Moreover, in HRV time analysis, the reduced rMSSD and pNN50 parameters in the hours of night rest and rMSSD and SDSD during the 15-min N3 sleep period were noted. Especially, in the group with AHI ≥ 30, we observed significant decreases in rMSSD and pNN50 for the entire time. The changes were mainly for the night periods including the N3 sleep period, which is especially connected with sleep apnea (parameters: rMSSD, SDSD, and pNN50). In spectral analysis, the decrease in HF from the 15-min daily activity period and the N3 sleep period was observed. Inverse correlations were seen between the maximum, median, and mean positive airway pressure (PAP) and the change in rMSSD, SDNN, and SDSD, mainly during night hours and the N3 sleep period. Only in patients with AHI < 30 the increase in SDNN was observed in 15-min N3 sleep period. The beneficial increase in SDNN parameter from time analysis was observed only in one sleep period in less ill patients with OSA. The lack of significant changes was observed in the majority of the parameters of heart rate variability after initiation of CPAP therapy in a short observational time; however, the shift towards reduced HRV was observed in patients with AHI > 30, so the response to CPAP therapy may depends on the severity of the apnea. The results may suggest that a longer observational period is needed in such studies, and the problem is still not fully elucidated.
Assessing the Financial Value of Decentralized Clinical Trials
Authors: DiMasi Joseph A. , Smith Zachary , Oakley-Girvan Ingrid , Mackinnon Andrew , Costello Mary , Tenaerts Pamela , Getz Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Deployment of remote and virtual clinical trial methods and technologies, referred to collectively as decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), represents a profound shift in clinical trial practice. To our knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of the financial net benefits of DCTs has not been conducted.

Methods
We developed an expected net present value (eNPV) model of the cash flows for new drug development and commercialization to assess the financial impact of DCTs. The measure of DCT value is the increment in eNPV that occurs, on average, when DCT methods are employed in comparison to when they are not. The model is populated with parameter values taken from published studies, Tufts CSDD benchmark data, and Medable Inc. data on DCT projects. We also calculated the return on investment (ROI) in DCTs as the ratio of the increment in eNPV to the DCT implementation cost.

Results
We found substantial value from employing DCT methods in phase II and phase III trials. If we assume that DCT methods are applied to both phase II and phase III trials the increase in value is $20 million per drug that enters phase II, with a seven-fold ROI.

Conclusions
DCTs can provide substantial extra value to sponsors developing new drugs, with high returns to investment in these technologies. Future research on this topic should focus on expanding the data to larger datasets and on additional aspects of clinical trial operations not currently measured.
Achieving User-Side Fairness in Contextual Bandits
Authors: Huang Wen , Labille Kevin , Wu Xintao , Lee Dongwon , Heffernan Neil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPersonalized recommendation based on multi-arm bandit (MAB) algorithms has shown to lead to high utility and efficiency as it can dynamically adapt the recommendation strategy based on feedback. However, unfairness could incur in personalized recommendation. In this paper, we study how to achieve user-side fairness in personalized recommendation. We formulate our fair personalized recommendation as a modified contextual bandit and focus on achieving fairness on the individual whom is being recommended an item as opposed to achieving fairness on the items that are being recommended. We introduce and define a metric that captures the fairness in terms of rewards received for both the privileged and protected groups. We develop a fair contextual bandit algorithm, Fair-LinUCB, that improves upon the traditional LinUCB algorithm to achieve group-level fairness of users. Our algorithm detects and monitors unfairness while it learns to recommend personalized videos to students to achieve high efficiency. We provide a theoretical regret analysis and show that our algorithm has a slightly higher regret bound than LinUCB. We conduct numerous experimental evaluations to compare the performances of our fair contextual bandit to that of LinUCB and show that our approach achieves group-level fairness while maintaining a high utility.
Motives that Mediate the Associations Between Relationship Satisfaction, Orgasmic Difficulty, and the Frequency of Faking Orgasm
Authors: Hevesi Krisztina , Horvath Zsolt , Miklos Eszter , Sal Dorottya , Rowland David L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionFaking orgasm by women reportedly occurs quite frequently, with both relationship characteristics and orgasmic difficulty being significant predictors.AimWe explored women's motives that might mediate the associations between orgasmic difficulty and relationship satisfaction on the one hand, with the frequency of faking orgasm on the other.MethodsIn a study of 360 Hungarian women who reported “ever” faking orgasm during partnered sex, we assessed the direct and indirect (mediated) associations between orgasmic difficulty, relationship satisfaction, and the frequency of faking orgasm.OutcomesDetermination of motives that mediate the association between orgasmic difficulty and the frequency of faking orgasm, and the association between relationship satisfaction and the frequency of faking orgasm.ResultsIncreased orgasmic difficulty was directly related to increased frequency of faking orgasm (β = 0.37; P &lt; .001), and each variable itself was related to a number of motives for faking orgasm. However, the only motive assessed in our study that mediated the relationship between orgasmic difficulty and the frequency of faking orgasm was insecurity about being perceived as abnormal or dysfunctional (indirect effect: β = 0.13; P &lt; .001). A similar pattern emerged with relationship satisfaction and frequency of faking orgasm. These two variables were directly related in that lower relationship satisfaction predicted higher frequency of faking orgasm (β = -0.15; P = .008). Furthermore, while each variable itself was related to a number of motives for faking orgasm, the only motive assessed in our study that mediated the relationship between the 2 variables was insecurity about being perceived as abnormal or dysfunctional (indirect effect: β = -0.06; P = .008).Clinical TranslationInsecurity related to being perceived as abnormal or deficient, along with sexual communication, should be addressed in women with a history of faking orgasm but who want to cease doing so.Strengths and LimitationsThe sample was relatively large and the online survey adhered to best practices. Nevertheless, bias may result in sample characteristics when recruitment is achieved primarily through social media. In addition, the cross-sectional sample prevented causal determination and represented Western-based values.ConclusionsThe associations between orgasmic difficulty and faking orgasm, and between relationship satisfaction and faking orgasm, are both direct and indirect (mediated). The primary motive for mediating the indirect association between the predictor variables and the frequency of faking orgasm was the insecurity about being perceived as deficient or abnormal.
Loneliness Versus Distress: A Comparison of Emotion Regulation Profiles
Authors: Tan Alyssa J. , Mancini Vincent , Gross James J. , Goldenberg Amit , Badcock Johanna C. , Lim Michelle H. , Becerra Rodrigo , Jackson Ben , Preece David A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLoneliness, a negative emotion stemming from the perception of unmet social needs, is a major public health concern. Current interventions often target social domains but produce small effects and are not as effective as established emotion regulation (ER)-based interventions for general psychological distress (i.e., depression/anxiety). Given that loneliness and distress are types of negative affect, we aimed to compare them within an ER framework by examining the amount of variance ER strategies accounted for in loneliness versus distress, and comparing the ER strategy profiles characterising them. Participants (N = 582, Mage = 22.31, 77.66% female) completed self-report measures of loneliness, distress, and use of 12 cognitive (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) or behavioural (e.g., expressive suppression) ER strategies. Regression analyses revealed that ER explained comparable variance in these constructs. Latent profile analysis identified seven profiles differing in ER patterns, with no distinct loneliness or distress profile identified. Rather, similar patterns of ER characterised these two constructs, involving the greater use of generally maladaptive strategies and the lesser use of generally adaptive strategies. However, loneliness was additionally characterised by less use of strategies involving social connection/expression. Overall, our study supports the utility of ER for understanding loneliness. Established ER-based frameworks/interventions for distress may have transdiagnostic utility in targeting loneliness.
Modelling self-diagnosed burnout as a categorical syndrome
Authors: Tavella Gabriela , Spoelma Michael J. , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Bayes Adam , Jebejian Artin , Manicavasagar Vijaya , Walker Peter , Parker Gordon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:There is currently little consensus as to how burnout is best defined and measured, and whether the syndrome should be afforded clinical status. The latter issue would be advanced by determining whether burnout is a singular dimensional construct varying only by severity (and with some level of severity perhaps indicating clinical status), or whether a categorical model is superior, presumably reflecting differing ‘sub-clinical’ versus ‘clinical’ or ‘burning out’ vs ‘burnt out’ sub-groups. This study sought to determine whether self-diagnosed burnout was best modelled dimensionally or categorically.Methods:We recently developed a new measure of burnout which includes symptoms of exhaustion, cognitive impairment, social withdrawal, insularity, and other psychological symptoms. Mixture modelling was utilised to determine if scores from 622 participants on the measure were best modelled dimensionally or categorically.Results:A categorical model was supported, with the suggestion of a sub-syndromal class and, after excluding such putative members of that class, two other classes. Analyses indicated that the latter bimodal pattern was not likely related to current working status or differences in depression symptomatology between participants, but reflected subsets of participants with and without a previous diagnosis of a mental health condition.Conclusion:Findings indicated that sub-categories of self-identified burnout experienced by the lay population may exist. A previous diagnosis of a mental illness from a mental health professional, and therefore potentially a psychological vulnerability factor, was the most likely determinant of the bimodal data, a finding which has theoretical implications relating to how best to model burnout.
The control of vibration in helicopters
Authors: Balmford D. E. H. 
Published: September 2022

The problems involving vibration which affect helicopters can be divided into two major categories:(a)Forced vibration effects(b)Aeroelastic and aeromechanical instabilities.Forced vibration effects are subdivided into two categories.(i)Effects due primarily to aerodynamic forcing; and(ii)Effects due primarily to mechanical forcing.Forced vibration effects have important repercussions in the area of:(i)Crew comfort and efficiency(ii)Fatigue strength of dynamic components and the airframe(iii)Reliability of electronic equipment.The most important forcing effect is aerodynamic in origin, and this will be considered first.
Caprylate/chromatography process to produce highly purified tetanus immune globulin from human plasma
Authors: Srivastava Jyoti , Talton Chad , Vandeberg Pete , Woznichak Michelle , Merritt W. Keither , Jose Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile tetanus toxoid vaccination has reduced the incidence of tetanus in the developed world, this disease remains a substantial health problem in developing nations. Tetanus immune globulin (TIG) is used along with vaccination for prevention of infection after major or contaminated wounds if vaccination status cannot be verified or for active tetanus infection. These studies describe the characterisation of a TIG produced by a caprylate/chromatography process. The TIG potency and presence of plasma protein impurities were analysed at early/late steps in the manufacturing process by chromatography, immunoassay, coagulation and potency tests. The caprylate/chromatography process has been previously shown to effectively eliminate or inactivate potentially transmissible agents from plasma-derived products. In this study, the caprylate/chromatography process was shown to effectively concentrate TIG activity and efficiently remove pro-coagulation factors, naturally present in plasma. This TIG drug product builds on the long-term evidence of the safety and efficacy of TIG by providing a product with higher purity and low pro-coagulant protein impurities.
Spin-Dependent Nonlinear Contrast Transfer in Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lentzen Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, the spin-dependent nonlinear contrast transfer in transmission electron microscopy is derived from the eikonal expansion of the Dirac equation. The transmission cross-coefficient of the standard imaging theory is amended by a spin-dependent factor, whose effect is investigated for single scattering in the object by an electrical field under polarized and unpolarized illumination, and it is illustrated with numerical results and plots for a kinetic energy of 80 keV. The resulting image displacement and image convolution increase with decreasing kinetic energy but are always smaller than a wavelength. General features of the cross-coefficient are discussed to identify favorable conditions for the measurement of the small spin effects, possibly in an unmodified instrument.
On the Incorporation of Nonlinear Resonant Wave‐Particle Interactions Into Radiation Belt Models
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Mourenas D. , Zhang X.‐J. , Vainchtein D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWave‐particle resonant interaction is a key process controlling energetic electron flux dynamics in the Earth's radiation belts. All existing radiation belt codes are Fokker‐Planck models relying on the quasi‐linear diffusion theory to describe the impact of wave‐particle interactions. However, in the outer radiation belt, spacecraft often detect waves sufficiently intense to interact resonantly with electrons in the nonlinear regime. In this study, we propose an approach for estimating and including the contribution of such nonlinear resonant interactions into diffusion‐based radiation belt models. We consider electron resonances with whistler‐mode wave‐packets responsible for injected plasma sheet (∼100 keV) electron acceleration to relativistic energies and/or for their precipitation into the atmosphere. Using statistics of chorus wave‐packet amplitudes and sizes (number of wave periods within one packet), we provide a rescaling factor for quasi‐linear diffusion rates, that accounts for the contribution of nonlinear interactions in long‐term electron flux dynamics. Such nonlinear effects may speed up 0.1–1 MeV electron diffusive acceleration by a factor of ×1.5–2 during disturbed periods. We discuss further applications of the proposed approach and the importance of nonlinear resonant interactions for long‐term radiation belt dynamics.
Early Anthropogenic Impacts on the Indian Summer Monsoon Induced by Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Changes
Authors: Lin Ke , Shen Chuan‐Chou , Duan Wuhui , Tan Liangcheng , Kong Xinggong , Lee Shih‐Yu , Chen Yue‐Gau , Wang Xianfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe impacts of anthropogenic forcing on Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall are obscure, partly due to limited availability of highly resolved hydroclimate proxy records as well as the highly regionalized nature of precipitation. Here, we report an annually‐resolved speleothem oxygen isotope record from Xianren Cave, southwestern China, which represents rainfall change over the broad ISM region. We find that the region has endured at least six decadal‐scale weak monsoon events in the past three hundred years. One of them, lasting from the early to mid 19th century, shares the similar gradual, persistent trend as the most recent decline in ISM rainfall and both have a magnitude substantially larger than the others dominated by natural variability. This early weak monsoon event occurred during a historical time of intensive deforestation in the region. We conclude that the ISM trend could have been altered by the changes in land‐use and land‐cover since the early 19th century.
ML Prediction of Global Ionospheric TEC Maps
Authors: Liu Lei , Morton Y. Jade , Liu Yunxiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper applies the convolutional long short‐term memory (convLSTM)‐based machine learning models to forecast global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps with up to 24 hr of lead time at a 1‐hr interval. Four convLSTM‐based models were investigated, and the one that implements the L1 loss function and the residual prediction strategy demonstrates the best performance. The convLSTM models are trained and evaluated using Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) global TEC maps over a period of nearly seven years from 19 October 2014 to 21 July 2021. Results show that the best convLSTM model outperforms the 1‐day predicted global TEC products released by CODE analysis center (c1pg) and persistence models under various levels of solar and geomagnetic activities, except for a lead time beyond 8 hr during the storm time where the c1pg has slightly better performance. The convLSTM forecasting performance degrades as the lead time increases.
Sustained TNF signaling is required for the synaptic and anxiety-like behavioral response to acute stress
Authors: Kemp Gina M. , Altimimi Haider F. , Nho Yoonmi , Heir Renu , Klyczek Adam , Stellwagen David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcute stress triggers plasticity of forebrain synapses as well as behavioral changes. Here we reveal that Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF) is a required downstream mediator of the stress response in mice, necessary for stress-induced synaptic potentiation in the ventral hippocampus and for an increase in anxiety-like behaviour. Acute stress is sufficient to activate microglia, triggering the long-term release of TNF. Critically, on-going TNF signaling specifically in the ventral hippocampus is necessary to sustain both the stress-induced synaptic and behavioral changes, as these could be reversed hours after induction by antagonizing TNF signaling. This demonstrates that TNF maintains the synaptic and behavioral stress response in vivo, making TNF a potential novel therapeutic target for stress disorders.