bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of T- and B-cell intrinsic toll-like receptors to the adaptive immune response in viral infectious diseases
Authors: Zhang Ejuan , Ma Zhiyong , Lu Mengji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a class of highly conserved molecules that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play a vital role in host defense against multiple viral infectious diseases. Although TLRs are highly expressed on innate immune cells and play indirect roles in regulating antiviral adaptive immune responses, intrinsic expression of TLRs in adaptive immune cells, including T cells and B cells, cannot be ignored. TLRs expressed in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells play roles in enhancing TCR signal-induced T-cell activation, proliferation, function, and survival, serving as costimulatory molecules. Gene knockout of TLR signaling molecules has been shown to diminish antiviral adaptive immune responses and affect viral clearance in multiple viral infectious animal models. These results have highlighted the critical role of TLRs in the long-term immunological control of viral infection. This review summarizes the expression and function of TLR signaling pathways in T and B cells, focusing on the in vitro and vivo mechanisms and effects of intrinsic TLR signaling in regulating T- and B-cell responses during viral infection. The potential clinical use of TLR-based immune regulatory drugs for viral infectious diseases is also explored.
Computer- und Magnetresonanztomographie in der Herzdiagnostik – welche Modalität ist die richtige?
Authors: Gohmann Robin F. , Sieren Malte M. , Gutberlet Matthias 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den Leitlinienaktualisierungen der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) nimmt die nichtinvasive radiologische Schnittbildgebung eine zunehmende prominente Rolle ein, während gleichzeitig die invasive Diagnostik weiter zurückgedrängt wird. Gerade für die Diagnose und die Behandlung des chronischen und des akuten Koronarsyndroms ergeben sich für die klinische Routine grundlegende Änderungen. Darüber hinaus bietet die Schnittbildgebung auch bei anderen kardialen Pathologien eine Alternative zur gängigen Primärdiagnostik, insbesondere der Echokardiographie, welche auch vermehrt in der Differenzialdiagnostik kardialer Erkrankungen eingesetzt wird. Der Radiologe sollte die Empfehlungen der aktuellen Leitlinien kennen und sich für ihre Etablierung im klinischen Alltag einsetzen. Diese Arbeit bietet eine Zusammenfassung der Indikationen kardialer Schnittbildgebung mit Fokus auf Neuerungen in den ESC-Leitlinien und geht auf typische Stärken und Schwächen der jeweiligen Modalität ein.
Multiple revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: not the best but still good
Authors: D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Meena Amit , Raj Akshya , Ursino Nicola , Formica Matteo , Herbort Mirco , Fink Christian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Given the paucity of literature on the re-revision of ACL, the current study was undertaken. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesise and qualitatively assess the currently available evidence in the literature regarding the re-revision of ACL reconstruction (rrACLR).

Methods
A systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used in the title, abstract and keywords fields: “ACL” or “anterior cruciate ligament” AND “revision” or “multiple” or “repeat”. The outcome data extracted from the studies were the Lysholm score, Subjective IKDC, Marx Score, Tegner, Marx Score, KOOS score, radiological changes and the rate of return to sports. Complications, failures and/or revision surgery were also analysed.

Results
The cohort consisted of 295 patients [191 (64.7%) men and 104 (35.3%) women] with a mean age of 29.9 ± 2.8 years (range 14–58 years) from 10 studies. The mean postoperative follow-up (reported in all studies except one) was 66.9 ± 44.7 months (range 13–230.4 months). Associated injuries were 103 (34.9%) medial meniscus tears, 57 (19.3%) lateral meniscus tears, 14 (4.7%) combined medial plus lateral meniscus tears, 11 (3.7%) meniscal tears (not specified), 252 (85.4%) cartilage lesions, 6 (2.0%) medial collateral ligament injury and 2 (0.7%) lateral collateral ligament injuries. In 47 (15.9%) patients an extra-articular plasty was performed for the anterolateral ligament. In all studies that reported pre- and post-operative IKDC (subjective and objective) and Lysholm score, there was a significant improvement compared to the pre-operative value (p < 0.05). At the final follow-up, laxity measured with KT-1000 was found to be 2.2 ± 0.6 mm. 31 (10.5%) out of 295 patients returned to their pre-injury activity level. A total of 19 (6.4%) re-ruptures were found, while only 4 (1.4%) complications (all minors) were reported, out of which 2 (0.7%) were superficial infections, 1 (0.3%) cyclops lesion and 1 (0.3%) flexion loss.

Conclusion
Multiple revisions of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction allow acceptable clinical results and a good degree of knee stability with a low rate of subsequent new re-ruptures but the possibility of regaining pre-injury sports activity is poor; whenever possible, it is preferred to revise the ligament in one stage. This surgery remains a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons and many doubts persist regarding the ideal grafts, additional extra-articular procedures and techniques to use.

Level of evidence
IV.

Study registration
PROSPERO-CRD42022352164 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Numerical analyses of long fiber–reinforced polymeric sheets processed by Single Point Incremental Forming
Authors: Conte Romina , Serratore Giuseppe , Ambrogio Giuseppina , Gagliardi Francesco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolymeric matrix composites (PMCs) have gained increasing relevance in different industrial applications and their employment results to be a necessity in the production of lightweight structures. The manufacturing solutions, which allow to properly shape PMC panels, need molds for shaping the material reducing the process flexibility. In this context, the single point incremental forming (SPIF) could be a valuable process solution if properly customized to the PMC properties. Herein, a possible process variant is introduced and its capability in forming long fiber–reinforced thermoplastics was evaluated. To achieve this aim, a numerical model was implemented focusing the attention, first, on the material properties that have to be considered for a proper model construction. The performed numerical simulations showed the applicability of SPIF to shape PMC sheets. Furthermore, the executed simulations pointed out the influences of some variables on the quality of the formed parts showing possible arising of defects, such as wrinkling and rippled surfaces, at different process conditions and providing a first proof of concept of the proposed working solution.
Increased volatile thiol release during beer fermentation using constructed interspecies yeast hybrids
Authors: Krogerus Kristoffer , Rettberg Nils , Gibson Brian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterspecies hybridization has been shown to be a powerful tool for developing and improving brewing yeast in a number of industry-relevant respects. Thanks to the popularity of heavily hopped ‘India Pale Ale’-style beers, there is an increased demand from brewers for strains that can boost hop aroma. Here, we explored whether hybridization could be used to construct strains with an enhanced ability to release hop-derived flavours through β-lyase activity, which releases desirable volatile thiols. Wild Saccharomyces strains were shown to possess high β-lyase activity compared to brewing strains, however, they also produced phenolic off-flavours (POF) and showed poor attenuation. To overcome these limitations, interspecies hybrids were constructed by crossing pairs of one of three brewing and one of three wild Saccharomyces strains (S. uvarum and S. eubayanus). Hybrids were screened for fermentation ability and β-lyase activity, and selected hybrids showed improved fermentation and formation of both volatile thiols (4MMP, 3MH and 3MH-acetate) and aroma-active esters compared to the parent strains. Undesirable traits (e.g. POF) could be removed from the hybrid by sporulation. To conclude, it was possible to boost the release of desirable hop-derived thiols in brewing yeast by hybridization with wild yeast. This allows production of beer with boosted hop aroma with less hops (thus improving sustainability issues).
The shell structure and chamber production cycle of the cephalopod Spirula (Coleoidea, Decabrachia)
Authors: Checa Antonio G. , Grenier Christian , Griesshaber Erika , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Salas Carmen , Oudot Morgane 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe endocochleate coleoid cephalopod Spirula spirula, the only present-day representative of the order Spirulida, secretes a coiled shell consisting of a series of chambers divided by septa and connected by a siphuncle. It is the shell closest to those of Recent and extinct ectochleate cephalopods: nautiloids, ammonoids. Therefore, its study may help to understand which characters remained unchanged or became transformed during the evolution of endocochleates. We have carried out detailed observations on the different structures composing the Spirula shell, with the aim of reconstructing their morphology, distribution, and mutual relationships. Alongside this, we also review the previous profuse terminology. Taking into account the additional information provided by growth lines and crystal orientations, we propose mechanisms for the secretion of the shell structures. All these mechanisms are integrated in a consistent way into a general model of chamber formation. The periostracum is secreted within a distinct periostracal groove. The outer shell layer is secreted externally to the periostracum by the soft tissues lining the shell externally. The inner shell layer is produced by the shell wall mantle, whereas the septa and the siphuncle are made periodically by a differentiated septal/siphuncular mantle. The most adoral septal mantle edge changes from secreting septal to inner shell wall material to produce the mural flap. The adapical ridge is formed by passive precipitates from cameral fluid residues trapped by surface tension, whereas the fibrous prismatic deposits of the connecting ring are biominerals produced remotely within mantle secretions. Homologies with Nautilus and Sepia are discussed.
Are the diets of sympatric Pygoscelid penguins more similar than previously thought?
Authors: Wawrzynek-Borejko Justyna , Panasiuk Anna , Hinke Jefferson T. , Korczak-Abshire Małgorzata 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn recent years, functional changes in Southern Ocean are becoming more noticeable, due to climate change and increasing human impacts, including a growing fishery that is concentrating in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region. Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is often the primary prey species for animals such as Pygoscelis penguins, a sentinel species for ecosystem monitoring and management. During the last two decades in the AP gentoo penguin numbers (Pygoscelis papua) have increased and their range has shifted southward, in contrast to the decline in numbers of Adélie (P. adeliae) and chinstrap (P. antarcticus) penguins. Given divergent population trends, the goal of this study was to examine differences in their diet, and size structure of Antarctic krill recovered from penguin diet samples. The study is based on diet samples collected during the austral summers on King George Island (South Shetland Islands) where P. adeliae, P. antarcticus, and P. papua breed in mixed colonies. Results indicate that the penguins consumed krill of similar sizes during the breeding period. In contrast to prior diet studies, we found higher proportions of krill in the gentoo diet and changes in the percentage of krill in the diet relative obtained during 1970s. The similarity in diets among all three species suggests that the availability prey items (e. g., fishes) may be changing and driving higher dietary overlap. Moreover, we also check differences in krill length among penguin individuals and we did not find any statistically significant differences. We also found plastic debris in penguin stomachs during both summers.
Influence of marine vertebrates on organic matter, phosphorus and other chemical element levels in Antarctic soils
Authors: Souza-Kasprzyk Juliana , Paiva Thais de Castro , Convey Peter , da Cunha Larissa Schmauder Teixeira , Soares Tuany Alves , Zawierucha Krzysztof , Costa Erli Schneider , Niedzielski Przemyslaw , Torres João Paulo Machado 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe presence of marine vertebrates in dense reproductive colonies and other aggregations contributes to the input of organic matter and nutrients into the local environment and it is believed that chemical elements are subsequently remobilized from the excreta of these animals. In this study, we investigated the influence of marine vertebrates on trace elements levels (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, U and Zn), nutrient (total phosphorus) and soil organic matter (SOM) content from five locations with and without the presence of seabirds and marine mammals in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Soils were acid digested using a microwave digestion system, elements were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and SOM was calculated by loss-on-ignition. The non-influenced and vertebrate-influenced soils had similar concentrations of most of the trace elements assessed, however, we observed a significant increase in SOM and P that was positively correlated with the concentrations of As, Cd, Se, Sr and Zn. Although marine vertebrates did not appear to significantly increase the elemental concentrations in the soils examined here, there is a clear evidence of selective enrichment indicating a zoogenic influence. Comparing our results with other studies, we conclude that soil elemental levels are result from an interplay between local geology, vertebrate diet and colony size. Further studies with increased sample size are required to obtain a better understanding of the influence of marine vertebrates on chemical element levels in Antarctic soils.
In vivo characterization of key iridoid biosynthesis pathway genes in catnip (Nepeta cataria)
Authors: Palmer Lira , Chuang Ling , Siegmund Marlen , Kunert Maritta , Yamamoto Kotaro , Sonawane Prashant , O’Connor Sarah E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Using virus-induced gene silencing, we demonstrated that the enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL are responsible for nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria.

Abstract
Nepetalactone is the main iridoid that is found in the Nepeta genus and is well-known for its psychoactive effect on house cats. Moreover, there is a burgeoning interest into the effect of nepetalactone on insects. Although the enzymes for nepetalactone biosynthesis have been biochemically assayed in vitro, validation of the role that these enzymes have in planta has not been demonstrated. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a silencing method that relies on transient transformation and is an approach that has been particularly successful when applied to a variety of non-model plants. Here, we use a recently designed visual-marker dependent VIGS system to demonstrate that the nepetalactone biosynthetic enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL impact nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria.
Extracellular vesicles from biological fluids as potential markers in castration resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Choi Wendy W. Y. , Sánchez Catherine , Li Jiao Jiao , Dinarvand Mojdeh , Adomat Hans , Ghaffari Mazyar , Khoja Leila , Vafaee Fatemeh , Joshua Anthony M. , Chi Kim N. , Guns Emma S. Tomlinson , Hosseini-Beheshti Elham 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeExtracellular vesicles (EV) secreted from cancer cells are present in various biological fluids, carrying distinctly different cellular components compared to normal cells, and have great potential to be used as markers for disease initiation, progression, and response to treatment. This under-utilised tool provides insights into a better understanding of prostate cancer.MethodsEV from serum and urine of healthy men and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients were isolated and characterised by transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and western blot. Proteomic and cholesterol liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analyses were conducted.ResultsThere was a successful enrichment of small EV/exosomes isolated from serum and urine. EV derived from biological fluids of CRPC patients had significant differences in composition when compared with those from healthy controls. Analysis of matched serum and urine samples from six prostate cancer patients revealed specific EV proteins common in both types of biological fluid for each patient.ConclusionSome of the EV proteins identified from our analyses have potential to be used as CRPC markers. These markers may depict a pattern in cancer progression through non-invasive sample collection.
Physical activity in 9–15 year-old pediatric cancer survivors compared to a nationwide sample
Authors: Götte Miriam , Basteck Simon , Beller Ronja , Gauß Gabriele , Schmidt Steffen , Burchartz Alexander , Kolb Simon , Grydeland May , Reinhardt Dirk 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Sufficient physical activity (PA) has the potential to mitigate late effects of cancer, but objective data of PA levels in adolescents are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in PA behavior between childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and healthy peers.

Methods
PA levels of n = 74 CCS and n = 1304 healthy peers from the MoMo study aged 9–15 years were assessed with validated objective accelerometry and group means were compared. A binary multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate the potential predictors of PA.

Results
CCS spent significantly more time sedentary (p < 0.001) and less time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p = 0.002) compared to the healthy cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed the largest deviations of PA levels for CCS aged 9–11 years who fulfilled international PA recommendations on significantly fewer days than MoMo (p < 0.01). Health conditions seem to be a predictor concerning the fulfillment of international PA recommendations by the WHO (p = 0.015).

Conclusions
Our study identified vulnerable groups which seem to require targeted exercise and health behavior change programs to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time. The presence of treatment sequelae as a significant predictor of insufficient physical activity underlines the need of multidisciplinary supportive care approaches.
Systematic translation and adaptation of the FOCUS program, a USA-based supportive intervention for persons with cancer and their family caregivers, for use in six European countries
Authors: van der Wel Maaike , van der Smissen Doris , Dierickx Sigrid , Cohen Joachim , Hudson Peter , De Vleminck Aline , Tutt Lydia , Scott David , Di Leo Silvia , Arnfeldt Caroline Moeller , Jordan Catherine , Northouse Laurel , Rietjens Judith , van der Heide Agnes , Witkamp Erica 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Having advanced cancer presents many challenges for patients and family caregivers. The FOCUS program is a psychoeducational nurse-led intervention, developed in the USA, to support dyads of patients with cancer and their family caregivers to live with the illness. The program includes a conversation manual and information resources for dyads. We aimed to develop a version of the program for dyads facing advanced cancer in six European countries.

Method
The Participatory and Iterative Process Framework for Language Adaptation (PIPFLA) was used to guide the translation of the program to the local contexts of Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK. In several rounds, potential program users (e.g., nurses, clinicians, patients, family caregivers) and researchers from all six countries reviewed program materials and advised on adaptations.

Results
The PIPFLA process resulted in one European version of the program in different languages (FOCUS +). The FOCUS + conversation manual is uniform across all countries. The main adaptations included additional attention to both family caregiver and patient needs; more emphasis on self-management, advance care planning, and shared responsibilities; discussing the dyad’s outlook rather than optimism; addressing the role of nurses as educational rather than therapeutic; and more suggestions to refer dyads to health care professionals for specific care needs. The information resources for dyads were adapted to fit with local contexts.

Conclusion
The PIPFLA methodology is an efficient and effective framework to thoroughly translate and culturally adapt a complex USA-based program for use in six European countries in collaboration with end users.
Electron transfer of extremophiles in bioelectrochemical systems
Authors: Edel Miriam , Philipp Laura-Alina , Lapp Jonas , Reiner Johannes , Gescher Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe interaction of bacteria and archaea with electrodes is a relatively new research field which spans from fundamental to applied research and influences interdisciplinary research in the fields of microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology as well as process engineering. Although a substantial understanding of electron transfer processes between microbes and anodes and between microbes and cathodes has been achieved in mesophilic organisms, the mechanisms used by microbes under extremophilic conditions are still in the early stages of discovery. Here, we review our current knowledge on the biochemical solutions that evolved for the interaction of extremophilic organisms with electrodes. To this end, the available knowledge on pure cultures of extremophilic microorganisms has been compiled and the study has been extended with the help of bioinformatic analyses on the potential distribution of different electron transfer mechanisms in extremophilic microorganisms.