bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 as a social disease: qualitative analysis of COVID-19 prevention needs, impact of control measures and community responses among racialized/ethnic minorities in Antwerp, Belgium
Authors: Nöstlinger Christiana , Van Landeghem Ella , Vanhamel Jef , Rotsaert Anke , Manirankunda Lazare , Ddungu Charles , Reyniers Thijs , Katsuva Deogratias , Vercruyssen Jana , Dielen Stef , Meudec Marie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In high income countries, racialized/ethnic minorities are disproportionally affected by COVID-19. Despite the established importance of community involvement in epidemic preparedness, we lack in-depth understanding of these communities’ experiences with and responses to COVID-19. We explored information and prevention needs, coping mechanisms with COVID-19 control measures and their impact on lived experiences among selected racialized/ethnic minority communities.

Methods
This qualitative rapid assessment conducted in Antwerp/Belgium used an interpretative and participatory approach. We included migrant communities with geographic origins ranging from Sub-Saharan Africa, North-Africa to the Middle East, Orthodox Jewish communities and professional community workers. Data were collected between May 2020–May 2021 through key informant-, in-depth interviews and group discussions (N = 71). Transcripts were analyzed inductively, adopting a reflexive thematic approach. A community advisory board provided feedback throughout the research process.

Results
Participants indicated the need for tailored information in terms of language and timing. At the start of the epidemic, they perceived official public health messages as insufficient to reach all community members. Information sources included non-mainstream (social) media and media from home countries, hampering a nuanced understanding of virus transmission mechanisms and local and national protection measures. Participants felt the measures’ most negative impact on their livelihoods (e.g. loss of income, disruption of social and immigration support). Economic insecurity triggered chronic stress and fears at individual and family level. High degrees of distrust in authorities and anticipated stigma were grounded in previously experienced racial and ethnic discrimination. Community-based initiatives mitigated this impact, ranging from disseminating translated and tailored information, providing individual support, and successfully reaching community members with complex needs (e.g. the elderly, digitally illiterate people, those with small social networks or irregular legal status).

Conclusion
Study participants’ narratives showed how coping with and responding to COVID-19 was strongly intertwined with socio-economic and ethnic/racial characteristics. This justifies conceptualizing COVID-19 a social disease. At the same time, communities demonstrated resilience in responding to these structural vulnerabilities. From a health equity perspective, we provide concrete policy recommendations grounded in insights into communities’ structural vulnerabilities and resilience.
A fatal case of disseminated nocardiosis due to Nocardia otitidiscaviarum resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole: case report and literature review
Authors: Barry Mazin , AlShehri Shahad , alguhani Ahlam , Barry Mohammad , Alhijji Ali , Binkhamis Khalifa , Al-Majid Fahad , Al-Shahrani Fatimah S. , Muayqil Taim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Disseminated nocardiosis still causes significant morbidity and mortality and is often caused by Nocardia asteroides, N. basiliensis, and N. farcinica and are often treated with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX). Nocardia otitidiscaviarum (N. otitidiscaviarum) rarely causes disseminated disease and resistance to TMP–SMX is even more rare.

Case presentation
A 37-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer and right ear deafness with recent occupational gardening and manipulating soil, presented to the hospital with first time seizure and multiple skin nodules. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed ring enhancing lesions, biopsy of the skin and brain lesions grew N. otitidiscaviarum. She was empirically treated with TMP–SMX and Imipenem–Cilastatin, however, almost three weeks into therapy, susceptibility results revealed it to be resistant to both antimicrobials, she was subsequently changed to Amikacin, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin, and Doxycycline but ultimately died.

Conclusions
This case report highlights the importance of suspecting a rare Nocardia species in patients at risk with proper occupational exposure, moreover, TMP–SMX resistance should be suspected with lack of clinical response, this may have important implications on clinical practice when facing similar infections.
Expression profile of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, B, and C paralogues in temporal neocortex tissue from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)
Authors: Pazarlar Burcu A. , Aripaka Sanjay S. , Petukhov Viktor , Pinborg Lars , Khodosevich Konstantin , Mikkelsen Jens D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein-2 (SV2) is a family of proteins consisting of SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. This protein family has attracted attention in recent years after SV2A was shown to be an epileptic drug target and a perhaps a biomarker of synaptic density. So far, the anatomical localization of these proteins in the rodent and human brain have been reported, but co-expression of SV2 genes on a cellular level, their expressions in the human brain, comparison to radioligand binding, any possible regulation in epilepsy are not known. We have here analyzed the expression of SV2 genes in neuronal subtypes in the temporal neocortex in selected specimens by using single nucleus-RNA sequencing, and performed quantitative PCR in populations of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and healthy controls. [3H]-UCB-J autoradiography was performed to analyze the correlation between the mRNA transcript and binding capacity to SV2A. Our data showed that the SV2A transcript is expressed in all glutamatergic and GABAergic cortical subtypes, while SV2B expression is restricted to only the glutamatergic neurons and SV2C has very limited expression in a small subgroup of GABAergic interneurons. The level of [3H]-UCB-J binding and the concentration of SV2A mRNA is strongly correlated in each patient, and the expression is lower in the TLE patients. There is no relationship between SV2A expression and age, sex, seizure frequency, duration of epilepsy, or whether patients were recently treated with levetiracetam or not. Collectively, these findings point out a neuronal subtype-specific distribution of the expression of the three SV2 genes, and the lower levels of both radioligand binding and expression further emphasize the significance of these proteins in this disease.
An evaluation of podiatry service use for people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a review of a rheumatology podiatry clinic in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Nguyen Vy , Brenton‐Rule Angela , Dalbeth Nicola , Rome Keith , Stewart Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFoot problems, including foot pain, structural deformities, skin and nail lesions, and footwear difficulties, are common in people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. However, dedicated podiatry services are limited, including in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study aimed to evaluate the podiatry service use for people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases who attended a specialist podiatric rheumatology clinic in Aotearoa New Zealand.MethodsThis retrospective review included people with an inflammatory rheumatic disease who attended the Auckland University of Technology Podiatric Rheumatology Clinic between 2010 and 2021. Data were extracted manually from patients' clinical records, including variables relating to patient characteristics, appointment details, presenting complaint, assessments performed, and treatments provided.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2021, 157 people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases attended 1570 appointments. The most common presenting concern was foot pain (reported by n = 121, 77.1% patients during at least one appointment), followed by skin/nail lesions (n = 98, 62.4%) and footwear/orthotic needs (n = 90, 57.3%). A range of podiatric interventions were provided to address foot‐care needs, in which education (n = 151, 96.2%) and general skin/nail care (n = 107, 68.2%) were the most common treatments provided. The majority of patients also received footwear interventions at some point during their period of service provision (n = 96, 61.1%), followed by orthoses, other padding/offloading devices, wound care, exercise prescription and referrals to other health professionals.ConclusionsThis is the first study to review podiatric service provision for people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases attending a specialist podiatric rheumatology clinic in Aotearoa New Zealand. The results of this study have shown that a podiatry clinic dedicated to people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases addresses the wide range of foot problems through an extensive provision of treatment services.
A case of facial nerve palsy in a pediatric patient associated with Covid-19
Authors: Iacono Alessandra , Pennisi Elisa , Benincasa Consuelo , Marchetti Federico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Pediatric facial nerve palsy is acute and mostly idiopathic; other causes are post-infectious forms.

Case presentation
We describe a rare case of facial nerve palsy associated with COVID-19 in a 5-year-old boy. The diagnosis of post-infectious COVID-19-related facial paralysis was made by serology positivity for a previous infection (IgG positive, IgM and IgA weakly positive), in the presence of a negative molecular nasopharyngeal swab and in the absence of other etiologies. Early treatment with steroids (1 mg/day for 7 days followed by tapering) and supportive care solved the problem.

Conclusion
In a child with facial paralysis, COVID-19 must be considered as the cause and both nasopharyngeal swab and serology must be performed.
Management of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 5–11 years with allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency: consensus of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP)
Authors: Novembre Elio , Tosca Mariangela , Caffarelli Carlo , Calvani Mauro , Cardinale Fabio , Castagnoli Riccardo , Chiappini Elena , Cravidi Claudio , Del Giudice Michele Miraglia , Duse Marzia , Licari Amelia , Manti Sara , Martelli Alberto , Ricci Giampaolo , Pingitore Giuseppe , Marseglia Gian Luigi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBNT162b2 vaccine, developed by BioNTech and Pfizer ha recently approved for use in children aged 5 to 11 years. Recent data show evidence of safety on the administration and serious adverse events have been rarely reported. However, allergic systemic reactions could occur. In some cases, a correct allergic evaluation allows identifying patients at risk of developing an anaphylactic reaction. Risk assessment of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines is useful to limit contraindications to vaccination and help to safely vaccinate people supposed to be at risk of allergic reactions.
The effect of two types of ankle orthoses on the repetitive rebound jump performance
Authors: Morikawa Masanori , Maeda Noriaki , Komiya Makoto , Kobayashi Toshiki , Urabe Yukio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Ankle orthotics decreases the maximal vertical jump height. It is essential to maximize jump height and minimize ground contact time during athletic performance. However, the effect of ankle orthotics on athletic performance has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the effect of ankle orthotics on squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and repetitive rebound jump (RJ) performance.

Methods
Twenty healthy volunteers performed SJ, CMJ, repetitive RJ under no-orthosis and two orthotic conditions (orthosis 1 and orthosis 2). During SJ and CMJ, we measured the vertical ground reaction force and calculated the following parameters: jump height, peak vertical ground reaction force, rate of force development, net vertical impulse, and peak power. During repetitive RJ, the jump height, contact time, and RJ index were measured. A two-dimensional motion analysis was used to quantify the ankle range of motion in the sagittal plane during SJ, CMJ, and repetitive RJ.

Results
Multivariate analysis of variance and the post hoc test showed orthosis 2 significantly decreased in the vertical jump height (p = 0.003), peak power (p = 0.007), and maximum plantarflexion and dorsiflexion angles (p < 0.001) during SJ Ankle orthoses 1 and 2 did not influence to the RJ performance compared to those using the no-orthosis condition. Additionally, orthosis 2 significantly decreased the jump height at the end of repetitive RJ (p = 0.046).

Conclusions
These results suggest that ankle orthosis do not affect average RJ performance but should be considered when performing repetitive jumps frequently.
Treatment of critical aluminum phosphide (rice tablet) poisoning with high-dose insulin: a case report
Authors: Sedaghattalab Moslem 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Aluminum phosphide (rice tablet) is a highly efficient agent for preserving grains against rodents and insects. It accounts for a large number of poisoning cases. Aluminum phosphide poisoning has a high mortality rate of about 90%, and to date, no antidote is available. It releases phosphine gas after exposure to moisture, and this reaction is catalyzed by the acidity of the stomach. Phosphine is then absorbed throughout the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts and causes toxicity through inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and formation of highly reactive free radicals. Treatment of patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning is supportive, including mechanical ventilation and vasopressors. The usage of infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium in rice tablet poisoning has been suggested, after its positive beneficial cardiac inotropic effects in patients with beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoning.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 30-year-old Iranian woman with critical aluminum phosphide poisoning, presented with hypotension and other signs of shock and severe metabolic acidosis, successfully treated with high-dose regular insulin and hypertonic dextrose and discharged from hospital in good condition. In contrast to our previous experiences, in which nearly all patients with critical aluminum phosphide poisoning died, this patient was saved with glucose-insulin-potassium.

Conclusion
Aluminum phosphide poisoning has a high mortality rate, and to date, no antidote is available. Administration of high-dose intravenous regular insulin and dextrose is suggested as a potential life-saving treatment for patients with critical aluminum phosphide poisoning.
Intramuscular delivery of neural crest stem cell spheroids enhances neuromuscular regeneration after denervation injury
Authors: Li LeeAnn K. , Huang Wen-Chin , Hsueh Yuan-Yu , Yamauchi Ken , Olivares Natalie , Davila Raul , Fang Jun , Ding Xili , Zhao Weikang , Soto Jennifer , Hasani Mahdi , Novitch Bennett , Li Song 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Muscle denervation from trauma and motor neuron disease causes disabling morbidities. A limiting step in functional recovery is the regeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) for reinnervation. Stem cells have the potential to promote these regenerative processes, but current approaches have limited success, and the optimal types of stem cells remain to be determined. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), as the developmental precursors of the peripheral nervous system, are uniquely advantageous, but the role of NCSCs in neuromuscular regeneration is not clear. Furthermore, a cell delivery approach that can maintain NCSC survival upon transplantation is critical.

Methods
We established a streamlined protocol to derive, isolate, and characterize functional p75+ NCSCs from human iPSCs without genome integration of reprogramming factors. To enhance survival rate upon delivery in vivo, NCSCs were centrifuged in microwell plates to form spheroids of desirable size by controlling suspension cell density. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were also studied for comparison. NCSC or MSC spheroids were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle with denervation injury, and the effects on NMJ formation and functional recovery were investigated. The spheroids were also co-cultured with engineered neuromuscular tissue to assess effects on NMJ formation in vitro.

Results
NCSCs cultured in spheroids displayed enhanced secretion of soluble factors involved in neuromuscular regeneration. Intramuscular transplantation of spheroids enabled long-term survival and retention of NCSCs, in contrast to the transplantation of single-cell suspensions. Furthermore, NCSC spheroids significantly improved functional recovery after four weeks as shown by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and the rate of NMJ innervation. MSC spheroids, on the other hand, had insignificant effect. In vitro co-culture of NCSC or MSC spheroids with engineered myotubes and motor neurons further evidenced improved innervated NMJ formation with NCSC spheroids.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that stem cell type is critical for neuromuscular regeneration and that NCSCs have a distinct advantage and therapeutic potential to promote reinnervation following peripheral nerve injury. Biophysical effects of spheroidal culture, in particular, enable long-term NCSC survival following in vivo delivery. Furthermore, synthetic neuromuscular tissue, or “tissues-on-a-chip,” may offer a platform to evaluate stem cells for neuromuscular regeneration.
The circadian clock has roles in mesenchymal stem cell fate decision
Authors: Gao Wenzhen , Li Rong , Ye Meilin , Zhang Lanxin , Zheng Jiawen , Yang Yuqing , Wei Xiaoyu , Zhao Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe circadian clock refers to the intrinsic biological rhythms of physiological functions and behaviours. It synergises with the solar cycle and has profound effects on normal metabolism and organismal fitness. Recent studies have suggested that the circadian clock exerts great influence on the differentiation of stem cells. Here, we focus on the close relationship between the circadian clock and mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions in the skeletal system. The underlying mechanisms include hormone signals and the activation and repression of different transcription factors under circadian regulation. Additionally, the clock interacts with epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs and is even involved in chromatin remodelling. Although the specificity and safety of circadian therapy need to be further studied, the circadian regulation of stem cells can be regarded as a promising candidate for health improvement and disease prevention.
The impacts of observational learning and word-of-mouth learning on farmers’ use of biogas in rural Hubei, China: does interpersonal trust play a role?
Authors: Zeng Yangmei , Qiu Feng , Zhang Junbiao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Residue-based biogas is considered as a renewable energy that should be used to improve energy security and household livelihoods in rural areas. Observational learning and word-of-mouth learning are critical in the dissemination of knowledge about agricultural technologies. Yet, scholars have little understanding of the impacts of these learning methods on farmers’ use of residue-based biogas. Using survey data from rural areas of Hubei China, this study estimates the impacts of observational learning and word-of-mouth learning from different subjects (i.e., relatives, neighbors, cadres, cooperative members, and technical instructors) on the use of residue-based biogas by farmers. Additionally, the moderating role of interpersonal trust in these relationships is explored.

Results
Results from logistic regression models show that observational learning from technical instructors significantly increases farmers’ use of biogas. Furthermore, interpersonal trust significantly and positively influences the impact of observational learning on farmers’ decisions to use biogas. Similarly, interpersonal trust significantly and positively moderates the influence of positive word-of-mouth learning on farmers’ decision to use biogas. In contrast, a negative moderating role exists in the relationship between negative word-of-mouth learning and farmers’ decision to use biogas. These impacts are further affirmed by robustness checks.

Conclusions
The results presented here show that enhancing farmers’ interpersonal trust promotes the use of residue-based biogas by farmers. One important implication is that the government might promote the use of residue-based biogas by organizing technology demonstration activities, providing communication platforms, and enhancing mutual trust between farmers and relevant groups.
Development of the circadian system in early life: maternal and environmental factors
Authors: Wong Sachi D. , Wright Kenneth P. , Spencer Robert L. , Vetter Céline , Hicks Laurel M. , Jenni Oskar G. , LeBourgeois Monique K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn humans, an adaptable internal biological system generates circadian rhythms that maintain synchronicity of behavior and physiology with the changing demands of the 24-h environment. Development of the circadian system begins in utero and continues throughout the first few years of life. Maturation of the clock can be measured through sleep/wake patterns and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythms, by definition, can persist in the absence of environmental input; however, their ability to adjust to external time cues is vital for adaptation and entrainment to the environment. The significance of these external factors that influence the emergence of a stable circadian clock in the first years of life remain poorly understood. Infants raised in our post-modern world face adverse external circadian signals, such as artificial light and mistimed hormonal cues via breast milk, which may increase interference with the physiological mechanisms that promote circadian synchronization. This review describes the very early developmental stages of the clock and common circadian misalignment scenarios that make the developing circadian system more susceptible to conflicting time cues and temporal disorder between the maternal, fetal, infant, and peripheral clocks.
Construction of nominal ionospheric gradient using satellite pair based on GNSS CORS observation in Indonesia
Authors: Supriadi Slamet , Abidin Hasanuddin Zainal , Wijaya Dudy Darmawan , Abadi Prayitno , Saito Susumu , Prabowo Dwiko Unggul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGround-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is a GNSS augmentation system that meets International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requirements to support precision approach and landing. GBAS is based on local differential GNSS technique with reference stations located around an airport to provide necessary integrity and accuracy. The performance of the GBAS system can be affected by gradient in the ionospheric delay between aircraft and reference stations. A nominal ionospheric gradient, which is bounded by a conservative error bound, is represented by a parameter σvig. The parameter σvig is commonly determined using station pair to GNSS Continuous Operating Reference Station (CORS) data. The station-pair method is susceptible to doubling of the estimation error of receiver inter-frequency bias (IFB) and is not suitable with the CORS conditions in Indonesia. We propose a satellite-pair method that is found to be more suitable for the CORS network over Indonesia which is centered in Java and Sumatra islands. An overall value of σvig (5.21 mm/km) was obtained using this method along with preliminary results of a comparison of σvig from Java and Sumatra islands.
Graphical Abstract