bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability of total domination for transient reflecting processes in a quadrant
Authors: Fomichov Vladimir , Franceschi Sandro , Ivanovs Jevgenijs 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe consider two-dimensional Lévy processes reflected to stay in the positive quadrant. Our focus is on the non-standard regime when the mean of the free process is negative but the reflection vectors point away from the origin, so that the reflected process escapes to infinity along one of the axes. Under rather general conditions, it is shown that such behaviour is certain and each component can dominate the other with positive probability for any given starting position. Additionally, we establish the corresponding invariance principle providing justification for the use of the reflected Brownian motion as an approximate model. Focusing on the probability that the first component dominates, we derive a kernel equation for the respective Laplace transform in the starting position. This is done for the compound Poisson model with negative exponential jumps and, by means of approximation, for the Brownian model. Both equations are solved via boundary value problem analysis, which also yields the domination probability when starting at the origin. Finally, certain asymptotic analysis and numerical results are presented.
HOW STRONG IS RAMSEY’S THEOREM IF INFINITY CAN BE WEAK?
Authors: KOŁODZIEJCZYK LESZEK ALEKSANDER , KOWALIK KATARZYNA W. , YOKOYAMA KEITA 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the first-order consequences of Ramsey’s Theorem fork-colourings ofn-tuples, for fixed$n, k \ge 2$, over the relatively weak second-order arithmetic theory$\mathrm {RCA}^*_0$. Using the Chong–Mourad coding lemma, we show that in a model of$\mathrm {RCA}^*_0$that does not satisfy$\Sigma ^0_1$induction,$\mathrm {RT}^n_k$is equivalent to its relativization to any proper$\Sigma ^0_1$-definable cut, so its truth value remains unchanged in all extensions of the model with the same first-order universe.We give a complete axiomatization of the first-order consequences of$\mathrm {RCA}^*_0 + \mathrm {RT}^n_k$for$n \ge 3$. We show that they form a non-finitely axiomatizable subtheory of$\mathrm {PA}$whose$\Pi _3$fragment coincides with$\mathrm {B} \Sigma _1 + \exp $and whose$\Pi _{\ell +3}$fragment for$\ell \ge 1$lies between$\mathrm {I} \Sigma _\ell \Rightarrow \mathrm {B} \Sigma _{\ell +1}$and$\mathrm {B} \Sigma _{\ell +1}$. We also give a complete axiomatization of the first-order consequences of$\mathrm {RCA}^*_0 + \mathrm {RT}^2_k + \neg \mathrm {I} \Sigma _1$. In general, we show that the first-order consequences of$\mathrm {RCA}^*_0 + \mathrm {RT}^2_k$form a subtheory of$\mathrm {I} \Sigma _2$whose$\Pi _3$fragment coincides with$\mathrm {B} \Sigma _1 + \exp $and whose$\Pi _4$fragment is strictly weaker than$\mathrm {B} \Sigma _2$but not contained in$\mathrm {I} \Sigma _1$.Additionally, we consider a principle$\Delta ^0_2$-$\mathrm {RT}^2_2$which is defined like$\mathrm {RT}^2_2$but with both the$2$-colourings and the solutions allowed to be$\Delta ^0_2$-sets rather than just sets. We show that the behaviour of$\Delta ^0_2$-$\mathrm {RT}^2_2$over$\mathrm {RCA}_0 + \mathrm {B}\Sigma ^0_2$is in many ways analogous to that of$\mathrm {RT}^2_2$over$\mathrm {RCA}^*_0$, and that$\mathrm {RCA}_0 + \mathrm {B} \Sigma ^0_2 + \Delta ^0_2$-$\mathrm {RT}^2_2$is$\Pi _4$- but not$\Pi _5$-conservative over$\mathrm {B} \Sigma _2$. However, the statement we use to witness failure of$\Pi _5$-conservativity is not provable in$\mathrm {RCA}_0 +\mathrm {RT}^2_2$.
Disparities in access to ear and hearing care in Cambodia: a mixed methods study on patient experiences
Authors: Waterworth C J , Watters C T M , Sokdavy T , Annear P L , Dowell R , Grimes C E , Bhutta M F 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveChronic suppurative otitis media is a major global disease disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries, but few studies have explored access to care for those with ear and hearing disorders.MethodIn a tertiary hospital in Cambodia providing specialist ear services, a mixed method study was undertaken. This study had three arms: (1) quantitative analysis of patients undergoing ear surgery, (2) a questionnaire survey and (3) semi-structured in-depth interviews.ResultsPatients presented with advanced middle-ear disease and associated hearing loss at rates that are amongst the highest per capita levels globally. Patients reported several structural, financial and socio-cultural barriers to treatment. This study showed a significant burden of ear disease in Cambodia, which reflects a delay in receiving timely and effective treatment.ConclusionThis study highlights the opportunity to integrate effective ear and hearing care into primary care service provision, strengthening the package of activities delivered at government facilities.
Self-evaluation of social-rank in socially anxious individuals associates with enhanced striatal reward function
Authors: Shany Ofir , Dunsky Netta , Gilam Gadi , Greental Ayam , Gilboa-Schechtman Eva , Hendler Talma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNegative self-views, especially in the domain of power (i.e. social-rank), characterize social anxiety (SA). Neuroimaging studies on self-evaluations in SA have mainly focused on subcortical threat processing systems. Yet, self-evaluation may concurrently invoke diverse affective processing, as motivational systems related to desired self-views may also be activated. To investigate the conflictual nature that may accompany self-evaluation of certain social domains in SA, we examined brain activity related to both threat and reward processing.MethodsParticipants (N = 74) differing in self-reported SA-severity underwent fMRI while completing a self-evaluation task, wherein they judged the self-descriptiveness of high- v. low-intensity traits in the domains of power and affiliation (i.e. social connectedness). Participants also completed two auxiliary fMRI tasks designated to evoke reward- and threat-related activations in the ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala, respectively. We hypothesized that self-evaluations in SA, particularly in the domain of power, involve aberrant brain activity related to both threat and reward processing.ResultsSA-severity was more negatively associated with power than with affiliation self-evaluations. During self-evaluative judgment of high-power (e.g. dominant), SA-severity associated with increased activity in the VS and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, SA-severity correlated with higher similarity between brain activity patterns activated by high-power traits and patterns activated by incentive salience (i.e. reward anticipation) in the VS during the reward task.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that self-evaluation of high-power in SA involves excessive striatal reward-related activation, and pinpoint the downregulation of VS-VMPFC activity within such self-evaluative context as a potential neural outcome for therapeutic interventions.
A dosimetric comparison of proton versus photon irradiation for paediatric glomus tumour: a case study
Authors: Vidal Gabriel S. , Arntzen Julie , Ahmad Salahuddin , Henson Christina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background:
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has revolutionised the way head and neck cancers can be treated. It allows for a more conformal treatment plan when compared to 3D conformal radiation therapy. In paediatric patients, however, IMRT continues to deliver higher doses than desirable. Proton beam therapy on the other hand has the potential to further spare organs-at-risk.

Methods:
A 16-year-old boy with a left-sided paraganglioma of the left base of skull manifested by headaches, neck pain and tongue cramping was simulated, planned and treated with proton therapy with significant contralateral organ-at-risk sparing.

Results:
For this patient, dosimetric plan comparison between photon and proton plans clearly showed better sparing of contralateral organs-at-risk with protons. The contralateral parotid gland received a mean dose of 386·3 cGy with photons, whereas it received 1·3 cGy (CGE) in the proton plan.

Conclusions:
The dosimetric advantage of proton beam over photon beam therapy has successfully been demonstrated in this case study for a paediatric patient with a head and neck tumour. Sparing of contralateral structures is especially important in paediatric patients who are at a greater risk of secondary malignancies due to possible long life expectancy.
Deciphering the Role of Aerosol‐Induced Snow Albedo Feedback on Dust Emission Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Usha K. H. , Nair Vijayakumar S. , Babu S. Suresh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aerosol‐induced snow albedo effect (SAE) and its feedback on the dust emission over the Tibetan Plateau are investigated using the regional climate model (RegCM4.6) coupled with the SNow, ICe, and Aerosol Radiative model. The deposition of absorbing aerosols (black carbon and dust) decreases the albedo of snow over the Himalayan‐Tibetan region, which results in significant surface warming of 1–4 K. This aerosol‐induced surface warming and accelerated snow melting decreased fractional snow cover by 8% and number of snow cover days by 20 days over the region. Compared to the control simulation, this early and more exposure of nonvegetated land resulted in the increase of the dust emission flux by 60% over central Tibet and therefore the columnar dust loading by 10%–40%. This effect alone results in a surface cooling of −4 Wm−2 and also increases the occurrence of dust events by 10%–20%. Therefore, the snow darkening effect due to the deposition of black carbon and dust increases the local emission of dust aerosols, which further increases the aerosol‐induced snow melting and thus perturbs the air quality and radiation balance over the high mountains of Asia.
One‐To‐One Coupling Between Southern Ocean Productivity and Antarctica Climate
Authors: Lu Lijuan , Zheng Xufeng , Chen Zhong , Yan Wen , Wu Shuzhuang , Zheng Li‐Wei , Wang Xuesong , Chen Yu , Kao Shuhji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is supposed to play a crucial role in influencing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the dynamic relationships among the rate of Southern Ocean upwelling, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and Antarctic climate at millennial timescales remain unclear. Here, we present high‐resolution color reflectance component b* and natural gamma radiation from the southern Scotia Sea sector of the Southern Ocean to reconstruct productivity over the past 160 ka. We find that these two independent productivity proxies, reflecting the signal of nutrient supply in this region, captured millennial‐scale upwelling that covaried in timing with Heinrich Stadials and Antarctic warming events, supporting the bipolar seesaw mechanism. The one‐to‐one coupling of variability between productivity and atmospheric CO2 concentrations reveals that the upwelling is closely linked to atmospheric CO2 and climate change.
Towards Quantifying the Uncertainty in Estimating Observed Scaling Rates
Authors: Ali Haider , Fowler Hayley J. , Pritchard David , Lenderink Geert , Blenkinsop Stephen , Lewis Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractShort‐duration precipitation extremes (PE) increase at a rate of around 7%/K explained by the Clausius‐Clapeyron relationship. Previous studies show uncertainty in the extreme precipitation‐temperature relationship (scaling) due to various thermodynamic/dynamic factors. Here, we show that uncertainty may arise from the choice of data and methods. Using hourly precipitation (PPT) and daily dewpoint temperature (DPT) across 2,905 locations over the United States, we found higher scaling for quality‐controlled data, all locations showing positive (median 6.2%/K) scaling, as compared to raw data showing positive (median 5.3%/K) scaling over 97.5% of locations. We found higher scaling for higher measurement precision of PPT (0.25 mm: median 7.8%/K; 2.54 mm: median 6.6%/K). The method that removes seasonality in PPT and DPT gives higher (with seasonality: median 6.2%/K; without seasonality: median 7.2%/K) scaling. Our results demonstrate the importance of quality‐controlled, high‐precision observations and robust methods in estimating accurate scaling for a better understanding of PE change with warming.
Intra‐Eruption Forecasting Using Analogue Volcano and Eruption Sets
Authors: Bebbington Mark S. , Jenkins Susanna F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForecasting the likely style and chronology of activity within an eruption is a complex issue that has received far less attention than forecasting the onset and/or the magnitude. By developing a global data set of coded phases (discrete styles of activity within previous eruptions), we can model the resulting data using a semi‐Markov chain. Given enough data, we were able to examine the question of whether analogue‐based strategies for subsetting the data can improve forecasting performance of phase chronology and style within ongoing eruptions. This work required inclusion of a “null analogue” element to ensure no surprises, that is, phase transitions or durations that were not in the data set and hence cannot be predicted. We have significantly expanded, and made available, our curated data set on eruption phases, which now contains 2670 eruptions (6871 phases), of which 56% are multi‐phase. This increases the data set by 283% and includes 95% of Holocene eruptions with text descriptions. We find that, with the notable exception of shields, limiting the analogue set on the basis of volcano morphology and/or composition is not significantly more informative than using the entire data set. Dynamically adjusting the data limits by eliminating eruptions without the observed phase as the eruption progresses provided little benefit, although subsetting on the basis of VEI may have some utility. At the individual volcano level, non‐analogue models can outperform the entire data set, if the target volcano has relatively unique behavior and/or a large enough record of phased eruptions.
Piezo channels in the urinary system
Authors: Li Xu , Hu Junwei , Zhao Xuedan , Li Juanjuan , Chen Yuelai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Piezo channel family, including Piezo1 and Piezo2, includes essential mechanosensitive transduction molecules in mammals. Functioning in the conversion of mechanical signals to biological signals to regulate a plethora of physiological processes, Piezo channels, which have a unique homotrimeric three-blade propeller-shaped structure, utilize a cap-motion and plug-and-latch mechanism to gate their ion-conducting pathways. Piezo channels have a wide range of biological roles in various human systems, both in vitro and in vivo. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their antagonists and agonists, and therefore further investigation is needed. Remarkably, increasingly compelling evidence demonstrates that Piezo channel function in the urinary system is important. This review article systematically summarizes the existing evidence of the importance of Piezo channels, including protein structure, mechanogating mechanisms, and pharmacological characteristics, with a particular focus on their physiological and pathophysiological roles in the urinary system. Collectively, this review aims to provide a direction for future clinical applications in urinary system diseases.
The role of lncRNA-mediated ceRNA regulatory networks in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Xu Jichuan , Xu Jian , Liu Xinyuan , Jiang Jianxin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which occupy the vast majority of human transcripts are known for their inability to encode proteins. NcRNAs consist of a diverse range of RNA species, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have significant meaning for epigenetic modification, post-transcriptional regulation of target genes, molecular interference, etc. The dysregulation of ncRNAs will mediate the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases, like cancer. Pancreatic cancer, as one of the most lethal malignancies in the digestive system that is hard to make a definite diagnosis at an early clinicopathological stage with a miserable prognosis. Therefore, the identification of potential and clinically applicable biomarker is momentous to improve the overall survival rate and positively ameliorate the prognosis of patients with pancreatic carcinoma. LncRNAs as one kind of ncRNAs exert multitudinous biological functions, and act as molecular sponges, relying on microRNA response elements (MREs) to competitively target microRNAs (miRNAs), thereby attenuating the degradation or inhibition of miRNAs to their own downstream protein-coding target genes, also thus regulating the initiation and progression of neoplasms. LncRNAs, which emerge aforementioned function are called competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Consequently, abundant research of lncRNAs as potential biomarkers is of critical significance for the molecular diagnosis, targeted therapy, as well as prognosis monitoring of pancreatic cancer.
Beam steering at the nanosecond time scale with an atomically thin reflector
Authors: Andersen Trond I. , Gelly Ryan J. , Scuri Giovanni , Dwyer Bo L. , Wild Dominik S. , Bekenstein Rivka , Sushko Andrey , Sung Jiho , Zhou You , Zibrov Alexander A. , Liu Xiaoling , Joe Andrew Y. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yelin Susanne F. , Kim Philip , Park Hongkun , Lukin Mikhail D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTechniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. The realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding challenges in the field. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a few-pixel beam steering device based on electrostatic gate control of excitons in an atomically thin semiconductor with strong light-matter interactions. By combining the high reflectivity of a MoSe2 monolayer with a graphene split-gate geometry, we shape the wavefront phase profile to achieve continuously tunable beam deflection with a range of 10°, two-dimensional beam steering, and switching times down to 1.6 nanoseconds. Our approach opens the door for a new class of atomically thin optical systems, such as rapidly switchable beam arrays and quantum metasurfaces operating at their fundamental thickness limit.
Identification, discrimination and heterogeneity of fibroblasts
Authors: Lendahl Urban , Muhl Lars , Betsholtz Christer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFibroblasts, the principal cell type of connective tissue, secrete extracellular matrix components during tissue development, homeostasis, repair and disease. Despite this crucial role, the identification and distinction of fibroblasts from other cell types are challenging and laden with caveats. Rapid progress in single-cell transcriptomics now yields detailed molecular portraits of fibroblasts and other cell types in our bodies, which complement and enrich classical histological and immunological descriptions, improve cell class definitions and guide further studies on the functional heterogeneity of cell subtypes and states, origins and fates in physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of fibroblast identification and heterogeneity and how they discriminate from other cell types.
Abruptly attenuated carbon sequestration with Weddell Sea dense waters by 2100
Authors: Nissen Cara , Timmermann Ralph , Hoppema Mario , Gürses Özgür , Hauck Judith 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntarctic Bottom Water formation, such as in the Weddell Sea, is an efficient vector for carbon sequestration on time scales of centuries. Possible changes in carbon sequestration under changing environmental conditions are unquantified to date, mainly due to difficulties in simulating the relevant processes on high-latitude continental shelves. Here, we use a model setup including both ice-shelf cavities and oceanic carbon cycling and demonstrate that by 2100, deep-ocean carbon accumulation in the southern Weddell Sea is abruptly attenuated to only 40% of the 1990s rate in a high-emission scenario, while the rate in the 2050s and 2080s is still 2.5-fold and 4-fold higher, respectively, than in the 1990s. Assessing deep-ocean carbon budgets and water mass transformations, we attribute this decline to an increased presence of modified Warm Deep Water on the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf, a 16% reduction in sea-ice formation, and a 79% increase in ice-shelf basal melt. Altogether, these changes lower the density and volume of newly formed bottom waters and reduce the associated carbon transport to the abyss.
Large-scale genomic analyses reveal insights into pleiotropy across circulatory system diseases and nervous system disorders
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Lucas Anastasia M. , Veturi Yogasudha , Drivas Theodore G. , Bone William P. , Verma Anurag , Chung Wendy K. , Crosslin David , Denny Joshua C. , Hebbring Scott , Jarvik Gail P. , Kullo Iftikhar , Larson Eric B. , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Schaid Daniel J. , Smoller Jordan W. , Stanaway Ian B. , Wei Wei-Qi , Weng Chunhua , Ritchie Marylyn D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClinical and epidemiological studies have shown that circulatory system diseases and nervous system disorders often co-occur in patients. However, genetic susceptibility factors shared between these disease categories remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized pleiotropy across 107 circulatory system and 40 nervous system traits using an ensemble of methods in the eMERGE Network and UK Biobank. Using a formal test of pleiotropy, five genomic loci demonstrated statistically significant evidence of pleiotropy. We observed region-specific patterns of direction of genetic effects for the two disease categories, suggesting potential antagonistic and synergistic pleiotropy. Our findings provide insights into the relationship between circulatory system diseases and nervous system disorders which can provide context for future prevention and treatment strategies.
ChIP-Hub provides an integrative platform for exploring plant regulome
Authors: Fu Liang-Yu , Zhu Tao , Zhou Xinkai , Yu Ranran , He Zhaohui , Zhang Peijing , Wu Zhigui , Chen Ming , Kaufmann Kerstin , Chen Dijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlant genomes encode a complex and evolutionary diverse regulatory grammar that forms the basis for most life on earth. A wealth of regulome and epigenome data have been generated in various plant species, but no common, standardized resource is available so far for biologists. Here, we present ChIP-Hub, an integrative web-based platform in the ENCODE standards that bundles >10,000 publicly available datasets reanalyzed from >40 plant species, allowing visualization and meta-analysis. We manually curate the datasets through assessing ~540 original publications and comprehensively evaluate their data quality. As a proof of concept, we extensively survey the co-association of different regulators and construct a hierarchical regulatory network under a broad developmental context. Furthermore, we show how our annotation allows to investigate the dynamic activity of tissue-specific regulatory elements (promoters and enhancers) and their underlying sequence grammar. Finally, we analyze the function and conservation of tissue-specific promoters, enhancers and chromatin states using comparative genomics approaches. Taken together, the ChIP-Hub platform and the analysis results provide rich resources for deep exploration of plant ENCODE. ChIP-Hub is available at https://biobigdata.nju.edu.cn/ChIPHub/.