bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics associated with decrements in objective measures of physical function in older patients with cancer during chemotherapy
Authors: Torstveit Ann Helen , Miaskowski Christine , Løyland Borghild , Grov Ellen Karine , Ritchie Christine Seel , Paul Steven M. , Engh Anna Marie Ellström , Utne Inger 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Study purposes were to evaluate for inter-individual variability in the trajectories of three objective measures of physical function (PF) in older patients receiving chemotherapy (n = 112) and determine which characteristics were associated with worse PF.

Methods
Balance, gait speed, and chair-stand test were evaluated at initiation and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following chemotherapy. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess inter-individual variability in the trajectories of the three tests. Demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics, and levels of cognitive function associated with initial levels and changes over time in each of the tests were determined.

Results
Gait speed and chair-stand tests improved over time. Balance declined until month 6, then increased. Characteristics associated with decreases in balance scores at initiation of chemotherapy were lower level of education and lower Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score. For initial levels of poorer gait speed, older age, poorer Trail Making Test B (TMTB), and worse Attentional Function Index scores were the associated characteristics. Lower KPS scores, higher body mass index, and poorer TMTB scores were associated with poorer chair-stand times at initiation of chemotherapy. Worse trajectories of chair-stand times were associated with poorer chair-stand time at enrollment. Characteristic associated with lower initial levels and improved trajectories of balance was older age at enrollment.

Conclusions
Determination of characteristics associated with decrements in balance, gait speed, and chair-stand can assist clinicians to identify older oncology patients at risk for decrements in PF. Interventions to maintain and improve PF need to be implemented with higher risk patients.
Stoichiometry of reactions of ozone and hypochlorous acid with lignin and hexenuronic acid and its chlorination
Authors: Ferro Estefania Isaza , Ruuttunen Kyösti , Koivisto Jari J. , Perrin Jordan , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe stoichiometry of ozone and hypochlorous acid reactions with lignin and hexenuronic acid (HexA) was measured in bleaching experiments of Eucalyptus sp. kraft pulp. The progress of the reactions was followed by UV Resonance Raman spectroscopy that can quantify lignin and HexA based on the Raman scattering intensities of the carbon–carbon double bond in HexA and the aromatic ring in lignin. Here, one mol of ozone converted 0.16 mol of lignin (C9 monomer units) and 0.28 mol of HexA, whereas 1 mol of hypochlorous acid converted 0.09 mol of lignin and 0.23 mol of HexA. The use of a tertiary amine catalyst with the hypochlorous acid treatments did not affect these stoichiometries. The stoichiometric ratios showed that ozone was more efficient in oxidizing lignin than hypochlorous acid, while both electrophiles reacted with HexA to a similar extent. HexA reaction by hypochlorous acid was concluded to involve initial electrophilic chlorination of the carbon–carbon double bond, contributing to significant organochlorine (OX) formation in the pulp. Evidence on this was the linear correlation between the initial HexA content and OX (0.59 mol OX per mol HexA) and the high OX content in the xylan extracted from the bleached pulp. The 2D NMR HSQC and TOCSY spectra of the isolated xylans showed the disappearance of HexA signals after the treatment with hypochlorous acid and the appearance of a new spin system, yet to be fully identified.
Academic intrapreneurship for health care innovation: the importance of influence, perception, and time management in knowledge commercialization at a University’s Medical Centre
Authors: Burkholder Paul , Hulsink Willem 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcademic intrapreneurship refers to the individual behaviours of scientists who depart from their customary research and education initiatives and become involved in knowledge commercialization without leaving academia. This paper aims to examine how academic intrapreneurs perceive and respond to organizational factors set by departments, faculties, schools, and university boards that influence knowledge transfer, the initiation of an internal project, and the collaboration with societal stakeholders. We employ an embedded case study approach to examine the role of perceived control and influence within the internal work environment of a knowledge commercialization process within the DiabetesStation, a healthcare innovation at the Erasmus Medical Center (MC), a university hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We used a semi-structured interview strategy and analyzed 12 individual respondent interviews. The results show that the relationship between academics and the Knowledge Commercialization Process within the DS at Erasmus MC was influenced by six factors (i.e., external collaboration, product quality, time availability, external financing, internal financing, and rewards and reinforcement). Our study highlights that the perception of- the academic intrapreneur’s control and influence seems to impact effectively transferring academic knowledge from academic institutions to the private sector for economic and societal benefit. The research results highlight three controllable areas of an academic institution’s internal work environment that can enhance the relationship between knowledge valorization and academic intrapreneurship—time availability, rewards and reinforcement, and internal financing.
Microscopic and radioanalytical investigation of asbestos-containing decommissioning waste
Authors: Köhler Fabian , Heule Martin , Jäggi Maya , Dutheil Paul , Brand Andreas , Walter Nick , Mayer Sabine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring decommissioning of nuclear facilities, possibly contaminated asbestos containing materials (ACM) emerge. In this work, we propose an analytical method to characterize ACM contaminated with alpha and beta nuclides by microscopic (light and electron microscopy) and radioanalytical techniques. For this purpose, a chromatographic separation is applied after decomposition of ACM by a lithium borate fusion at 1065 °C. The subsequent separation is performed with UTEVA-TRU-Sr chromatographic resins. Recovery rates for analyzed radionuclides were on an average of 80–90% for Am, Cm, Pu isotopes, and Sr-90. Compared to sample pre-treatment with hydrofluoric acid, the lithium borate fusion proves more suitable, while providing higher working safety.
High end-of-life incidence of seizures and status epilepticus in patients with primary and secondary brain tumors
Authors: Brauchitsch Sophie von , Strzelczyk Adam , Rosenow Felix , Neuhaus Elisabeth , Dubinski Daniel , Steinbach Joachim P. , Voss Martin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Seizures pose a significant burden in patients with primary and secondary brain tumors during the end-of-life period. A wide range of 6 to 56% of clinically observed epileptic seizures at the end of life has been reported. We aimed to analyse the incidence of epileptic seizures at the end of life in brain tumor patients more accurately using not only clinical but also electrophysiological findings.

Methods
This retrospective, single center study included brain tumor patients who died during the stay on the ward or within 7 days after discharge between 01/2015 and 08/2020. Clinical observation of seizures derived from the original medical records and EEG findings (within 45 days prior to death) were analyzed to determine the incidence of seizures in that period.

Results
Of the 68 eligible patients, 50 patients (73.5%) suffered from seizures within 45 days prior to death, of which n = 24 had a status epilepticus. The diagnosis of seizures/ status epilepticus was determined either by the presentation of clinical signs in 45 patients and if not, by the detection of a (possible) non-convulsive status epilepticus in the EEG of five patients.

Conclusion
In the presence of neurologically trained staff and with the frequent use of routine EEG, we were able to identify seizures and to distinguish status epilepticus from encephalopathy/ hypoactive delirium. We detected a higher incidence of seizures and status epilepticus at the end of life in neurooncological patients than previously reported.
Reshaping Internationalization Strategy and Control for Global E-Commerce and Digital Transactions: A Hayekian Perspective
Authors: Cha Hongryol , Kotabe Masaaki , Wu Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs the sharing economy has grown rapidly and replaced the traditional businesses, new rules and norms for data and digital trade have emerged divergently in many countries. Such divergence in global e-commerce policies may be a major barrier to the internationalization of the sharing economy business. This paper aims to develop an internationalization theory that addresses how the sharing economy firms can internationalize under the condition of the divergence of global e-commerce policies. Drawing on Hayek’s knowledge economy approach, we build a new internationalization theory for the sharing economy firms that facilitate autonomously self-organized business ecosystems and adapt to the lack of harmonized rules and norms for the sharing economy. We first theorize on the attributes of the digital platform-based transactions for the internationalization of the sharing economy firms and then provide some insights into the current international debates of e-commerce policies. Our theory offers two main insights: (1) the competitive advantages of the sharing economy firms stem mainly from digital platform algorithms to catalyze digital platform-based transactions between autonomous actors; (2) the divergence of global e-commerce policies and different internet regimes in different countries may affect the internationalization of business models based on such digital platform-based transactions.
Localization of lung abnormalities on chest X-rays using self-supervised equivariant attention
Authors: D’Souza Gavin , Reddy N. V. Subba , Manjunath K. N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChest X-Ray (CXR) images provide most anatomical details and the abnormalities on a 2D plane. Therefore, a 2D view of the 3D anatomy is sometimes sufficient for the initial diagnosis. However, close to fourteen commonly occurring diseases are sometimes difficult to identify by visually inspecting the images. Therefore, there is a drift toward developing computer-aided assistive systems to help radiologists. This paper proposes a deep learning model for the classification and localization of chest diseases by using image-level annotations. The model consists of a modified Resnet50 backbone for extracting feature corpus from the images, a classifier, and a pixel correlation module (PCM). During PCM training, the network is a weight-shared siamese architecture where the first branch applies the affine transform to the image before feeding to the network, while the second applies the same transform to the network output. The method was evaluated on CXR from the clinical center in the ratio of 70:20 for training and testing. The model was developed and tested using the cloud computing platform Google Colaboratory (NVidia Tesla P100 GPU, 16 GB of RAM). A radiologist subjectively validated the results. Our model trained with the configurations mentioned in this paper outperformed benchmark results.
Creating Clarity and Crew Courage: Preventive and Promotive Measures for a Maritime Industry Without Bullying and Harassment
Authors: Boström Magnus , Österman Cecilia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeafaring shares many characteristics with contemporary working life ashore. However, a major difference is that seafarers can spend up to 12 months aboard a ship that constitutes a work, living and recreational environment. Onboard work includes many stressors that can potentially contribute to workplace bullying and harassment, which in turn can affect safety critical operations. The aim of this study was to identify underlying causes in the organizational and social work environment that can cause workplace bullying and harassment at sea, and to suggest appropriate preventive and promotive strategies and measures. Data were collected mainly through World Café workshops with 56 participants from the Swedish maritime industry. Seafarer occupational health, safety, and wellbeing is largely determined by interdependent factors at micro, meso, and macro levels, where different stakeholders play various roles. Strategies and measures starting at the individual seafarer, and gradually expanding outwards toward the maritime industry are suggested. It is important that a victim of bullying or harassment receives adequate support. Creating crew courage enables employees to both recognize troubling situations and know how to act and respond to a situation. To bridge the gap between policy and practice, the legislative framework needs translating into practical procedures to make sense to the middle manager at the sharp end, with limited knowledge, time, resources, and decision latitude. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of work environment interventions – what works, for whom, and under which circumstances.
Local Places Ruling Life: Compromises and Restricted Career Choices in Rural Sweden
Authors: Ennerberg Elin , Lundberg Janna , Axelsson Malin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we explore the theme of choice in relation to education and work by discussing the notion of “compromise” within career guidance. In particular, we analyse compromises related to career choice in regard to groups and individuals who are restricted — or belong — to a particular geographical place and how this spatial limitation is managed and discussed by career guidance counsellors who work with unemployed individuals. The article is based on the following questions: How are compromises and restricted choices considered in relation to place and belonging? How do career guidance counsellors and other professionals discuss compromises of choice? The qualitative interviews have been conducted with career counsellors working with unemployed individuals in rural Sweden. Four themes emerge: location as a given/non-issue, location as opposed to interest, location as personal life and location as an obstacle. We argue that belonging can be seen as more available to certain groups. For example, career counsellors view the claims of belonging by young people as less valid than for individuals who can present caring and family obligations as reasons for not being mobile.
Late Surges in COVID-19 Cases and Varying Transmission Potential Partially Due to Public Health Policy Changes in 5 Western States, March 10, 2020, to January 10, 2021
Authors: Hua Xinyi , Kehoe Aubrey R.D. , Tome Joana , Motaghi Mina , Ofori Sylvia K. , Lai Po-Ying , Ali Sheikh Taslim , Chowell Gerardo , Spaulding Anne C. , Fung Isaac Chun-Hai 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study investigates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission potential in North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho from March 2020 through January 2021.

Methods:
Time-varying reproduction numbers, R
t
, of a 7-d-sliding-window and of non-overlapping-windows between policy changes were estimated using the instantaneous reproduction number method. Linear regression was performed to evaluate if per-capita cumulative case-count varied across counties with different population size or density.

Results:
The median 7-d-sliding-window R
t
estimates across the studied region varied between 1 and 1.25 during September through November 2020. Between November 13 and 18, R
t
was reduced by 14.71% (95% credible interval, CrI, [14.41%, 14.99%]) in North Dakota following a mask mandate; Idaho saw a 1.93% (95% CrI [1.87%, 1.99%]) reduction and Montana saw a 9.63% (95% CrI [9.26%, 9.98%]) reduction following the tightening of restrictions. High-population and high-density counties had higher per-capita cumulative case-count in North Dakota on June 30, August 31, October 31, and December 31, 2020. In Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming, there were positive correlations between population size and per-capita weekly incident case-count, adjusted for calendar time and social vulnerability index variables.

Conclusions:
R
t
decreased after mask mandate during the region’s case-count spike suggested reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
The structure of pointwise recurrent expansive homeomorphisms
Authors: SHI ENHUI , XU HUI , YU ZIQI 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLet X be a compact metric space and let
$f: X\!\rightarrow \! X$
be a homeomorphism on X. We show that if f is both pointwise recurrent and expansive, then the dynamical system
$(X, f)$
is topologically conjugate to a subshift of some symbolic system. Moreover, if f is pointwise positively recurrent, then the subshift is semisimple; a counterexample is given to show the necessity of positive recurrence to ensure the semisimplicity.
The effect of letter-case type on the semantic processing of words and sentences during attentive and mind-wandering states
Authors: Laham Nicolas , Leth-Steensen Craig 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe task of finding a case type that, on average, enhances the processing of verbal material has yielded mixed results in the literature. This study tackled this issue with an eye to the issue of processing textual information on road signs and the additional consideration of readers’ attentive states. Participants (n = 104) completed three experiments, the first two of which made use of both short (i.e., attentive state) and long (i.e., nonattentive or mind-wandering state) inter-trial intervals (ITIs). Experiment I consisted of a living versus non-living category-decision task involving the presentation of single words. Experiment II consisted of a sensical versus nonsensical sentence-judgment task. Experiment III consisted of a recognition memory task for words presented during the category-decision task. No significant difference in letter-case-type effectiveness was found for either the semantic categorization of or memory for single words. On the other hand, sensical sentences were correctly judged more quickly in lower case (or, more precisely, sentence case with the first letter of the first word capitalized). Such results point to either a more fluent processing of or enhanced conceptual resonance for sentences presented in lower case.
Selective Attention: The United Nations Security Council and Armed Conflict
Authors: Lundgren Magnus , Klamberg Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhat explains why the United Nations Security Council meets and deliberates on some armed conflicts but not others? We advance a theoretical argument centred on the role of conflict externalities, state interests and interest heterogeneity. We investigate data on the Security Council's deliberation on armed conflicts in the 1989–2019 period and make three key findings: (1) conflicts that generate substantive military or civilian deaths are more likely to attract the Security Council's attention; (2) permanent members are varyingly likely to involve the Security Council when their interests are at stake; and (3) in contrast to the conventional wisdom, conflicts over which members have divergent interests are more likely to enter the agenda than other conflicts. The findings have important implications for debates about the Security Council's attention, responsiveness to problems and role in world politics.
Monolingual and bilingual children’s production of complex syntactic structures
Authors: KORADE Chloe , NICOLADIS Elena , CHAREST Monique 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTypically-developing bilingual children often score lower than monolingual peers of the same age on standardized measures; however, research has shown that when assessed in more natural discourse contexts, bilinguals can perform similar to age-matched monolinguals in some language subdomains. This study investigated complex syntax production in simultaneous French–English bilingual children and monolingual age-matched peers, using structured and spontaneous measures. Surprisingly, the bilinguals scored higher than the monolinguals on the structured task. There was no difference between groups on the spontaneous measure; however, predictors of complex syntax production differed by language groups and by tasks. Contrary to other language subdomains showing bilingual English development as protracted relative to monolingual peers, these results point to a relative strength of complex syntax acquisition among simultaneous bilingual children. Differences in exposure relative to monolingual children may be less pronounced in syntax, in part because bilinguals can benefit from syntactic knowledge in their other language.
The impact of mild cognitive impairment on decision-making under explicit risk conditions: Evidence from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life longitudinal study
Authors: Sinclair Craig , Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Cherbuin Nicolas , Mortby Moyra E. , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective:Previous research has indicated that cognition and executive function are associated with decision-making, however the impact of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on decision-making under explicit risk conditions is unclear. This cross-sectional study examined the impact of MCI, and MCI subtypes, on decision-making on the Game of Dice Task (GDT), among a cohort of older adults.Method:Data from 245 older adult participants (aged 72–78 years) from the fourth assessment of the Personality and Total Health Through Life study were analyzed. A diagnostic algorithm identified 103 participants with MCI, with subtypes of single-domain amnestic MCI (aMCI-single; n = 38), multi-domain amnestic MCI (aMCI-multi; n = 31), and non-amnestic MCI (n = 33), who were compared with an age-, sex-, education-, and income-matched sample of 142 cognitively unimpaired older adults. Decision-making scores on the GDT (net score, single number choices, and strategy changes) were compared between groups using nonparametric tests.Results:Participants with MCI showed impaired performance on the GDT, with higher frequencies of single number choices and strategy changes. Analyses comparing MCI subtypes indicated that the aMCI-multi subtype showed increased frequency of single number choices compared to cognitively unimpaired participants. Across the sample of participants, decision-making scores were associated with measures of executive function (cognitive flexibility and set shifting).Conclusion:MCI is associated with impaired decision-making performance under explicit risk conditions. Participants with impairments in multiple domains of cognition showed the clearest impairments. The GDT may have utility in discriminating between MCI subtypes.
Eastern Approaches: Interball in the International Solar‐Terrestrial Program
Authors: Sibeck D. G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProgress in space plasma physics, or Heliophysics, necessarily requires the combined efforts of scientists in many nations employing observations from many spacecraft and ground‐based observatories. This article describes some of my efforts to integrate the Soviet missions Interball‐1 and ‐2 missions into the International Solar Terrestrial Physics program during the 1990's, with a focus on studies concerning the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's dayside magnetosphere.