bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les écoles et leur réputation
Authors: Bar Sébastien , Dumay Xavier , Draelants Hugues 
Published: January 2022

Ce chapitre présente une enquête comparant les réactions de deux écoles primaires anglaises face aux classements de performance. La littérature scientifique existante distingue trois réponses typiques dont disposent les personnels des établissements scolaires pour faire face aux classements de performance : des réponses cognitives, identitaires et organisationnelles. L’analyse empirique montre qu’en pratique les acteurs scolaires combinent ces diverses réponses, et que l’effet des classements sur les organisations dépend moins d’une position objective dans le classement que du sens que les acteurs scolaires lui attribuent localement et de leur capacité à se le réapproprier pour valoriser leur identité. Les résultats présentés font ensuite l’objet d’une discussion qui porte sur les enjeux de visibilité, d’authenticité et d’opacité au cœur des marchés « informés ». La maîtrise des impressions organisationnelles ne se traduit pas nécessairement par la fabrication d’images inauthentiques de la part des établissements, mais plutôt par une nécessité et une volonté de clarifier leur projet scolaire dans un environnement saturé d’informations diverses.
Revenu universel et développement
Authors: Zeghni Sylvain 
Published: January 2022

Le revenu universel a été l’objet de nombreux débats politiques, notamment en France, et plus largement en Europe. Au-delà de ces discussions, des expérimentations ont été tentées. C’est aux effets de ces expérimentations sur le développement que s’interesse cette contribution. Classification JEL : D31, I32, I38
La Caisse générale de compensation en Tunisie : l’impasse d’un mécanisme de régulation artificiel
Authors: Jouili Mustapha 
Published: January 2022

Impulsé par les pressions exercées par les organisations internationales, le débat sur la Caisse générale de compensation en Tunisie refait surface depuis quelques années et tend à se réduire à la seule dimension du coût budgétaire de la subvention. Certes, la problématique du déficit public ne peut être négligée, mais le débat ne doit pas se situer exclusivement par rapport aux seules finances publiques., Toute analyse en termes de coût de la compensation doit être mise en parallèle avec une analyse des conséquences, économiques, sociales et politiques éventuelles de sa suppression ou de sa modération. Classification JEL : E64, H53, I18, I31, J33
Quel nouvel imaginaire symbolique en management ?
Authors: Silva François 
Published: January 2022

Le management est en complète transformation. Gilbert Durand nous montre comment l’humain est structuré par des dimensions « anthropologiques de l’imaginaire » (Durand, 1969). Nous évoquons le postmanagement pour désigner les nouvelles pratiques relationnelles qui se mettent en place. Ainsi les relations d’autorité ne sont plus le mode de fonctionnement de ce postmanagement car basé sur de l’horizontalité par rapport aux relations précédentes correspondant à des relations hiérarchiques verticales. C’est un changement symbolique majeur dans laquelle nous avons vécu : celle du père et/ou d’un dieu souverain et tout puissant. Au contraire ce qui est en train d’émerger, ce sont des relations entre pair, symbolisées par les Chevaliers de la Table Ronde.
Rationalité et fait religieux, un exemple de syncrétisme managérial : l’organisation État Islamique
Authors: Février Rémy 
Published: January 2022

Au travers de l’étude de nombreuses sources ouvertes et d’autres habituellement inaccessibles, nous étudions le management spécifique d’une organisation terroriste jihadiste : l’État Islamique (EI). Notre étude met en lumière l’existence d’un axe managérial idéologico-religieux ainsi que d’un syncrétisme stratégique mêlant rationalité et religiosité selon une logique séquentielle et répétitive, dont l’objectif vise à assurer la pérennité de la structure.
Le tournant de la Sakharya
Authors: Monnier Fabrice 
Published: January 2022

Les guérillas, arme du faible au fort, resurgissent régulière­ment dans l’histoire et leur étude a donc toujours un intérêt, à l’heure où les conflits asymétriques reviennent au-devant de la scène. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, l’Organisation Spéciale a joué un rôle non négligeable dans la campagne de la IV e armée ottomane. Face aux Britanniques, actions de guérilla, de contre-guérilla, de propagande et de renseignement vont s’enchaî­nent. Pourtant le manque de moyens financiers et matériels ne lui permettra pas de parvenir aux résultats escomptés.
Du moignon à la prothèse : le corps en supplément chez Beckett
Authors: Ravez Stéphanie 
Published: January 2022

Beckett semble n’avoir jamais cessé d’attaquer le corps comme support et vecteur de la subjectivité dans sa prose ou dans son théâtre. Au début de son œuvre, le corps y est avant tout envisagé à l’état de moignon, de morceau détaché du moi. Mais à partir des années 1960, l’exploration de nouveaux médias infléchit l’écriture du corps beckettien vers un abandon des mutilations au profit d’un devenir prothétique, puis spectral. La notion de supplément originairement associée au corps devient alors l’apanage de l’intériorité et de la conscience.
Création sous contrainte
Authors: Magne Élisabeth 
Published: January 2022

Trois artistes contemporains introduisent le sujet et livrent leur pratique en exemple de créations sous contraintes. Les analyses révèlent des traits typologiques récurrents liés à la temporalité, à l’unité identitaire, à une forme spirituelle d’ascèse consentie. À rebours d’une histoire de l’art ayant travaillé dans le sens d’une levée des entraves – religieuses, politiques, techniques –, certaines pratiques contemporaines cherchent volontairement à réduire le champ des possibles et remontent les murs de la contrainte comme une discipline paradoxalement libératoire.
Se fédérer pour évoluer : les communautés de pratique de l’information et de l’édition scientifiques
Authors: Granger Sabrina , Janik Joanna 
Published: January 2022

Les professionnels de l’information et de l’édition scientifiques (IES) ont développé de fortes habitudes de travail en réseau. Nous nous concentrons ici sur les communautés de pratique, qui, à la différence des structures de mutualisation résultant de décrets, émanent directement des utilisateurs. Les évolutions des communautés de pratiques ont traduit l’adaptation des activités des documentalistes aux processus de recherche. L’analyse des réseaux « info-doc » des EPST servira de fil conducteur pour mettre en lumière les spécificités de ce type de fonctionnement et analyser les défis induits par le paradigme de la science ouverte.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation experiences during COVID-19 pandemic, third wave with younger patients
Authors: Küçük Ahmet Oğuzhan , Küçük Mehtap Pehlivanlar , Ayçiçek Olcay , Altun Gökalp , Özdemir Ahmet Coşkun 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVES:
In this article, the results of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases followed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in a 3-month period in the third wave when there were an increased number of cases of young patients in our intensive care unit (ICU) were presented.

METHODS:
The study was carried out with all COVID-19 patients who were given ECMO support in our tertiary referral hospital ICU after obtaining the consent of the Ministry of Health Scientific Research Platform and after the approval of the local ethics committee. Patient data were obtained retrospectively from intensive care bedside follow-up charts and computer records. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were presented in average, median, and percentages. The data of the patients were evaluated and compared with the current literature.

RESULTS:
ECMO treatment was applied in seven patients who were followed up with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the last 3 months. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) was applied to all patients. Five (71.5%) of seven patients were weaned from ECMO. Four (57.2%) of seven patients were discharged from the ICU and hospital in good health. While two of the patients had a cesarean section (C/S) before ECMO, one patient underwent C/S under ECMO. All three newborns were delivered via C/S and all were premature (C/S dates were 35 weeks, 32 weeks, and 27 weeks), and all were discharged from the hospital in good health.

CONCLUSION:
Our experience shows that ECMO in COVID-19 patients is a lifesaving treatment option that can be successfully applied in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome cases who do not respond to conventional treatments.
Incorrect Use of Protective Equipment against COVID-19 can cause more Inconvenience, a Questionnaire-Based Study of 7000 Participants
Authors: Shadi Shafaghi , Fariba Ghorbani , Zohreh Taranian , Neda Doozandeh , Mohammad Varahram 
Published: January 2022

Aims:
At present, there is no definitive treatment for COVID-19 and to break the pandemic chain, prevention is the best choice. Meanwhile different controlling strategies are considered, in this study, we aimed to understand public insights toward the medical advisement.

Material:
A self-constructed questionnaire including information regarding various preventive elements such as wearing a mask, using gloves, attention to safe social distance, using disinfectant materials was prepared. After content validity, the questionnaire was circulated in cyberspace and the public was invited to complete it. After five days, the percentage of risky behavior related behaviors to the mask (RBM), hygiene (RBH), and social distance (RBD) were analyzed and compared in different situations with tableau and SPSS 26.

Results:
A total of 7,000 people with the mean age of 31.5 ± 12.2 years completed the questionnaire, of which 39% were men. RBM was 76.54% whereas hand hygiene and distance risky behaviors were 11.49% and 15.33%, respectively (P = 0.01). RBD was significantly higher among people with COVID-19 patients in their families. The pattern of RBH based on the level of worry about getting COVID-19 was similar in the group without worry and with the highest level of worry.

Conclusions:
In this ever-changing situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, community awareness, and logical perception regarding correct use and has a crucial role in optimal COVID-19 controlling, which should not be neglected. It is important to have the latest information, which comes from trustworthy sources as a preventive key in both healthcare and community settings.
Role of Cardio-Biomarkers (NT-Pro BNP and Troponin I) in Cardiac Risk Stratification of Patients Undergoing Major Vascular Surgeries
Authors: Jha Rakesh Kumar , Anand Vembu , Patra Vikram , Dhillan Rishi , Mehra Rohit , Reddy T Suresh 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
The objective is to assess the role of cardio-biomarkers, namely, N-Terminal Pro-hormone Beta Natriuretic Peptide (NT-ProBNP) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) in prediction of postoperative cardiac events (POCEs) in noncardiac patients undergoing major vascular surgery and compare their efficacy with Revised Cardiac Risk Indices (RCRI) in preoperative period.

Materials and Methods:
Quantitative analysis of cTnI and NT-ProBNP was done in pre- and post-operative period in patients, who underwent elective major vascular surgeries between April 2018 and April 2020 at a tertiary care hospital. The ability of both the cardio-biomarkers, either alone or in combination were assessed for the prediction of POCE and results were compared with RCRI in preoperative period. The relationship between postoperative quantitative values of both the biomarkers and development of POCE were also analyzed.

Results:
A total of 170 patients were enrolled and the incidence of POCE was observed in 15.9% (27) of our patients. The “cut-off” values of cTnI, and NT-ProBNP in preoperative period were found to be 0.011 μg/L and 335 pg/mL and in postoperative period were 0.024 μg/L and 438 pg/mL, respectively. In preoperative period, biomarkers, either alone or in combination, outperformed RCRI in prediction of POCE and when individual biomarker was assessed, NT-ProBNP had better efficacy than cTnI. In postoperative period, predictive ability of both the biomarkers were similar, however, combination of both significantly improved the prediction of POCE as represented by increase in area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy.

Conclusion:
As compared to RCRI, cardio-biomarkers were better predictor of POCE in preoperative period and their efficacy in forecasting POCE continued even in postoperative period.
Comparison of nalbuphine versus fentanyl as intrathecal adjuvant to bupivacaine for orthopedic surgeries: A randomized controlled double-blind trial
Authors: Sharma Ankit , Chaudhary Sujata , Kumar Mahendra , Kapoor Ruchi 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:
Intrathecal adjuvants are used with local anesthetics to prolong the duration and provide postoperative pain relief while minimizing the dose of local anesthetic. Nalbuphine is an agonist-antagonist opioid and provides prolonged duration of analgesia with fewer side effects of fentanyl such as pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, hemodynamic effects, duration of postoperative analgesia, and adverse effects of nalbuphine and fentanyl given intrathecally with hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine in orthopedic lower limb surgeries.

Material and Methods:
Sixty six patients classified in American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classes I and II scheduled for orthopedic lower limb surgeries were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine with either 1 mg nalbuphine (group N), 25 μg fentanyl (group F) or 0.9% normal saline (group C) intrathecally.

Results:
Patients who received intrathecal nalbuphine (group N) had a significantly delayed onset of sensory and motor block as compared to patients who received fentanyl (group F). The time to two segment regression was significantly prolonged in group F (122.05 ± 10.65 minutes) as compared to group N (114.55 ± 10.90 minutes) [P < 0.05]. The mean duration of motor blockade was significantly prolonged in group F (197.73 ± 15.09 minutes) as compared to group N (180.68 ± 15.68 minutes) [P < 0.05]. Duration of spinal analgesia was comparable in group N (323.18 ± 57.39 minutes) and group F (287.05 ± 78.87 minutes), both significantly more than group C (224.32 ± 42.54 minutes). Hemodynamic effects, 24-h rescue analgesic requirements, and incidence of side effects were comparable among group N and F.

Conclusion:
Intrathecal nalbuphine in a dose of 1 mg is an equally useful alternative to fentanyl in a dose 25 μg when used as an intrathecal adjuvant to bupivacaine for lower limb surgeries. The prolonged duration of analgesia and no adverse effects makes it a good choice for the orthopedic procedures of lower limb.
A study to compare Air-Q intubating laryngeal airway with Ambu Auragain laryngeal mask for blind tracheal intubation using Parker flex tip tube
Authors: Lal Jatin , Bansal Teena , Somesh Somesh , Jain Mamta 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:
A number of supraglottic airways have been developed to facilitate the passage of tracheal tubes. Various studies have been conducted using air-Q ILA as a conduit for endotracheal intubation. Ambu AuraGain is a newer 3rd generation supraglottic airway device. There are limited studies available in literature on blind tracheal intubation through the Ambu AuraGain. This study was designed to compare air-Q ILA and Ambu AuraGain as conduit for blind tracheal intubation using Parker flex tip tube.

Material and Methods:
One hundred twenty patients of either sex, aged 18-60 years, belonging to ASA physical status I or II scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Group A (n = 60) included blind intubation through air-Q ILA using Parker flex tip tube and group B (n = 60) included blind intubation through Ambu AuraGain using Parker flex tip tube.

Results:
The first attempt success rate was significantly more in group A (P < 0.001). Intubation was significantly easy in group A as compared to group B (P < 0.001). The mean time for insertion of endotracheal tube through air-Q ILA in group A was 17.85 ± 6.25 sec while in group B it was 30.19 ± 10.97 sec (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Air-Q ILA resulted in significantly more success rate and ease of intubation as compared to Ambu AuraGain.
Duration of postoperative analgesia with Nalbuphine vs Butorphanol as an adjunct to spinal anesthesia for lower limb orthopedic surgeries: A randomized double-blind active control trial
Authors: Kumari Anita , Kullar Keerat Kaur , Gupta Ruchi 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:
Nalbuphine as well as butorphanol as adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine have been studied in comparison to bupivacaine alone. Both are kappa receptor agonist and have never been compared for its efficacy in terms of postoperative analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate duration of postoperative analgesia as well as intraoperative block characteristics using intrathecal nalbuphine hydrochloride (800 μg) or butorphanol (25 μg) as adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine (12.5 μg) in lower limb fracture femur surgeries as compared to active control, that is, saline and bupivacaine.

Material and Methods:
This prospective, randomized, double-blind, active control study was conducted on 90 adult patients of either sex belonging to ASA grade I/II, aged 18–70 years, being operated for fracture femur surgeries in tertiary care hospital of North India. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 30) Group A: received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg with 800 μg nalbuphine. Group B: Received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg with 25 μg butorphanol. Group C: Received 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg with normal saline. Total volume injected was 3.0 ml. Duration of analgesia, mean VAS scores, requirement of rescue analgesia in 24 h along with intraoperative sensory or motor characteristics of block and hemodynamic parameters were studied. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test, Student’s t-test and Chi-Square test.

Results:
Demographic profile was comparable among all the three groups. Mean duration of postoperative analgesia was 348.33 ± 66.96, 156.17 ± 43.9 and 110.36 ± 29.18 min in group A, B, and C, respectively (P = 0.006). Total doses of rescue analgesia were least in group A (32), followed by group B (42) and group C (64), respectively (P = 0.001). Group A had significantly earlier onset of sensory action (P = 0.03) as compared to group B and C. There was significant difference in sensory (P = 0.08) and motor duration (P = 0.04) among all the three groups. However, onset of motor block, haemodynamic profile and side effects were comparable among groups A, B, and C (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Addition of 800 μg nalbuphine and 25 μg butorphanol as adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine has better outcome as compared to active placebo group. But intrathecal nalbuphine was more effective compared to intrathecal butorphanol in terms of prolonging postoperative analgesia, reducing rescue analgesic doses and onset of sensory block. However, hemodynamic profile and side effects were comparable among all groups.
Comparison of performance characteristics of C-MAC video, McCoy, and Macintosh laryngoscopes in elective cervical spine surgery
Authors: Nair Shalini M. , Menon Gokul Das , George Mathew , Issac Eldo , Bhaskaran Renjitha 
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims:
To compare the performance characteristics of C-MAC video, McCoy, and Macintosh laryngoscopes in elective cervical spine surgery. The primary objective was to assess the ease of intubation with the three study devices. The secondary objectives were the time to intubation and hemodynamic responses during intubation.

Material and Methods :
The prospective observational comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Adult ASA 1 and 11 patients who underwent elective cervical spine surgery were included in the study. Patients with unstable spine and trauma were excluded. The analysis of variance, Bonferroni test, Chi square test and multiple comparison tests were used to compare the performance characteristics of laryngoscopes.

Results:
The C-MAC video laryngoscope improved glottis view by improving the modified Cormack–Lehane (CL) score and the percentage of glottis opening (POGO) score compared to McCoy and Macintosh laryngoscopes. The ease of intubation was better with the C-MAC video laryngoscope compared to the McCoy and Macintosh laryngoscopes. The time to intubation was comparable between the three laryngoscopes. The C-MAC video and McCoy laryngoscopes had 100% successful first attempt intubations while it was 90% for the Macintosh laryngoscope. Hemodynamic variables observed during intubation were comparable between the three groups.

Conclusion:
The use of C-MAC video laryngoscope resulted in better visualization of the glottis and easier tracheal intubation as compared to the Macintosh and McCoy laryngoscopes in cervical spine surgery. Both C-MAC video and McCoy laryngoscopes had 100% successful first attempt intubation.
Study of expression of endoglin (CD105) in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mahapatra Niva , Uma Rao Krishna Devi , Ranganathan Kannan , Joshua Elizabeth , Thavarajah Rooban 
Published: January 2022

Context:
Oral cancer is the 8th most common cancer in the world. An important feature of carcinogenesis is angiogenesis. Endoglin is a powerful marker of neovascularization in solid malignancies. This study was done to ascertain its role as an indicator of metastasis and prognosis.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the expression of endoglin (CD105) in metastatic primary tumor, lymph node of the metastasized tumor, nonmetastatic primary tumor and in normal buccal mucosa immunohistochemically.

Settings and Design:
The total sample size comprised 45 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, n = 10 metastasized primary tumor, n = 10 lymph nodes of metastasized primary tumor, n = 20 nonmetastasized oral squamous cell carcinoma and n = 5 normal buccal mucosa were studied.

Subjects and Methods:
Immunohistochemistry for endoglin was performed and microvessel density (MVD) was determined by hot spot method. Microvessel density was compared between the groups.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical analysis was used using one-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:
Endoglin expression in metastatic cases (0.68 + 0.10) was higher than nonmetastatic cases (0.45 + 0.20) and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
This study shows that presence of endoglin determines the metastatic potential of the tumor and its prognosis, thus, could be considered as a potential target of therapy.