bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of Development in a Smart Society: An Application of Input–Output Analysis
Authors: Washizu Ayu , Nakano Satoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe construction of a smart societyutilizing information and communication technology (ICT) is attracting attention to simultaneously achieve various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using input–output analysis, this chapter elucidates the economic structure of a smart society. This content is an extension of Leontief’s “Structure of Development” study of the 20th-century industrial society. Here, a smart society enables waste to be eliminated and the utility of people to be increased by strengthening management in all fields of society using ICT. It is shown that a smart society will achieve an industrial structure with a lighter environmental load and sustain moderate economic growth. Therefore, the movement aiming to build a smart society in Asia and other regions of the world is deemed beneficial and expected to contribute to achieving the SDGs. Additionally, Japan is a developed country with advanced ICT in Asia, and improving the efficiency of Japan’s ICT has been found to profoundly affect the entire Asian region. Japan plays a key role in building a smart society in the Asian region. This chapter is not only directly related to SDG9, but also to SDGs2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13.
Global Food Security, and Economic and Agricultural Development
Authors: Gemma Masahiko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to present factors affecting global fooddemandand supply conditions and to find potential solutions to global food security problems. First, the factors determining the supply and demand conditions of food are detailed in relation to the linkages among food, agriculture, and rural development. Second, Japan's success in securing food in the early stage of economic growth as a developing country is presented as example. Discussions on supplyand demand determinants in the first part are needed to understand the reasons for success in achieving Japan’s food security objectives. Policy implications are derived for developing countries that struggle to ensure global food security. Reading this chapter will assist the readers in discussing potential solutions to global food security problems. Climate change issues are also discussed in relation to global food and energy security. We examine the effectiveness of crop-based energy production and potential conflicts with food production using examples from Japan and the United States of America.
Oil Infrastructure has Greater Impact than Noise on Stress and Habitat Selection in Three Grassland Songbirds
Authors: Des Brisay Paulson Given , Burns Laura Diane , Ellison Kevin , Anderson William Gary , Leonard Marty , Koper Nicola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOil extraction may impact wildlife by altering habitat suitability and affecting stress levels and behavior of individuals, but it can be challenging to disentangle the impacts of infrastructure itself on wildlife from associated noise and human activity at well sites. We evaluated whether the demographic distribution and corticosterone levels of three grassland passerine species (Chestnut-collared Longspur, Calcarius ornatus; Baird’s Sparrow, Centronyx bairdii; and Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis) were impacted by oil development in southern Alberta, Canada. We used a landscape-scale oil well noise-playback experiment to evaluate whether impacts of wells were caused by noise. Surprisingly, higher-quality female Chestnut-collared Longspurs tended to nest closer to oil wells, while higher-quality Savannah Sparrows generally avoided nesting sites impacted by oil wells. Corticosterone levels in all species varied with the presence of oil development (oil wells, noise, or roads), but the magnitude and direction of the response was species and stimulus specific. While we detected numerous impacts of physical infrastructure on stress physiology and spatial demographic patterns, few of these resulted from noise. However, all three species in this study responded to at least one disturbance associated with oil development, so to conserve the grassland songbird community, both the presence of physical infrastructure and anthropogenic noise should be mitigated.
Spectral variability of the uranyl silicates uranophane-α and uranophane-β: polymorphism and luminescence
Authors: Stark Martin , Noller Markus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe luminescence of the uranyl cation UO22+ depends on the local crystalline environment and is sensitive to structural influences. Steady-state photoluminescence emission spectra of the related uranyl silicates uranophane-α, uranophane-β, sklodowskite and haiweeite from various locations are presented and discussed in the light of structure–property relation. The four mineral species were chosen for their close relationships: uranophane-α and uranophane-β are polymorphs and share the underlaying topology with sklodowskite. Haiweeite, with different topology, shares the composing elements Ca, U, Si, O with uranophane, while in sklodowskite Mg replaces Ca. All species show some variability in their spectra, parameterized as a variation of the centroid wavelength. Those variations are linked to defects and structural disorder, relevant in studies of uranyl speciation and migration. We present empiric spectra of the four mineral species with the least influence of structural disorder. As an unexpected feature, a prominent—partly dominating—double peak structure occurs in the case of uranophane-α only, while it is absent in the spectra of the other species. Considering a model of luminescent transitions in the uranyl ion in more detail, this observation is discussed in the light of the polymorphism of uranophane. We show evidence that variable amounts of uranophane-β phase embedded in uranophane-α are possibly at the origin of this spectral signature. Growth of those uranophane-β clusters might be induced by defects in the uranophane-α lattice and further promoted by the polymorphism of uranophane.
Neuropathologie I: Muskuläre Erkrankungen
Authors: Schänzer Anne , Dittmayer Carsten , Porubsky Stefan , Weis Joachim , Goebel Hans-Hilmar , Stenzel Werner 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungMuskelerkrankungen umfassen hereditäre genetische und erworbene Erkrankungen, welche sowohl im Kindes- als auch im Erwachsenenalter auftreten. Bei den unterschiedlichen Muskelerkrankungen kann es ultrastrukturelle Besonderheiten geben, welche helfen, die Erkrankung weiter einzugrenzen. Spezifische Veränderungen der Sarkomerenstruktur helfen bei der Einordnung einer kongenitalen Myopathie. Die Detektion von zellulären Aggregaten unterstützt die Klassifizierung einer Myositis. Pathologisch veränderte Mitochondrien können dagegen sowohl bei genetisch bedingten Mitochondriopathien, aber auch sekundär bei erworbenen Muskelerkrankungen auftreten, wie z. B. einer Myositis. Die ultrastrukturelle Beurteilung der Herzmuskulatur kann insbesondere bei kindlichen hereditären Kardiomyopathien die Erkrankung weiter eingrenzen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt die ultrastrukturellen Besonderheiten bei den unterschiedlichen Muskelerkrankungen heraus, wobei insbesondere auf pathognomonische Befunde bei bestimmten Krankheitsgruppen eingegangen wird.
Elektrotherapeutische Stellatumblockade bei einer Patientin mit komplexem regionalem Schmerzsyndrom der oberen Extremität
Authors: Ranker Alexander , Behr-Eggers Elke 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungBerichtet wird von einer 51-jährigen Patientin mit komplexem regionalem Schmerzsyndrom („complex regional pain syndrome“ [CRPS]) der linken Hand nach Radiusdistorsion mit ossärer Fissur. Die antikonvulsive Therapie gestaltete sich bei bestehender Epilepsie mit bereits hoch dosierter dualer Therapie (Lamotrigin und Brivaracetam) schwierig. Bei bestehenden neuropathischen Schmerzen, ausgeprägter Allodynie und Hyperhidrose wurde eine repetitive transkutane monophasische Elektrotherapie über dem Ganglion stellatum angewandt. Eine Ganglionblockade konnte klinisch bei fehlendem Horner-Syndrom nicht bestätigt werden. Dennoch konnten neuropathischer Schmerz und Hyperhidrose positiv beeinflusst werden. Dieser Fallbericht fasst die verwendeten Elektrodenpositionen, Stromparameter, Fallstricke sowie Therapielimitationen zusammen und diskutiert diese mit der Literatur.
How workplace learning is put into practice: contrasting the medical and nursing contexts from the perspective of teaching and learning regimes
Authors: Liljedahl Matilda , Björck Erik , Bolander Laksov Klara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHealth professions education places significant emphasis on learning in the clinical environment. While experiences of workplace learning have been extensively investigated, practices of workplace learning explored through field work have been less utilized. The theoretical framework of teaching and learning regimes acknowledges aspects of power and conflict in its consideration of what guides teachers and learners in their practice of workplace learning. This study aimed to explore practices of workplace learning in the two adjacent healthcare professions; medicine and nursing. We adopted an ethnographic qualitative design. Field observations and follow-up interviews were performed in three clinical departments and the data set comprised 12 full days of observations and 16 formal follow-up interviews. Thematic analysis was performed deductively according to the theoretical framework. Four teaching and learning regimes were found in the data. In the medical context, workplace learning was either practiced as reproduction of current practice or through stimulation of professional development. In the nursing context, workplace learning was either based on development of partnership between student and supervisor or on conditional membership in a professional community. The medical and nursing contexts demonstrated varying underpinnings and assumptions relating to teaching and learning. The respective practices of workplace learning in the medical and nursing context appear to hold substantial differences which might have implications for how we understand practices of workplace learning. We further conclude that the theoretical framework of teaching and learning regimes in this study proved useful in exploring workplace learning.
Arabic natural language processing for Qur’anic research: a systematic review
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Huzaifa , Azmi Aqil M. , Nawaz Haq , Zaghouani Wajdi , Diab Mona , Al-Fuqaha Ala , Qadir Junaid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Qur’an is a fourteen centuries old divine book in Arabic language that is read and followed by almost two billion Muslims globally as their sacred religious text. With the rise of Islam, the Arabic language gained popularity and became the lingua franca for large swaths of the old world. Devout Muslims read the Qur’an daily seeking guidance and comfort. Though the Qur’an, as a text, is short, there is a huge volume of supporting work filling tens of thousands of volumes, e.g., commentaries, exegesis, etc. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in such religious texts by non-specialists. Many of which were fueled by the recent advances in computational and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. These techniques help the development of tools that benefit common people to gain knowledge easily. This paper surveys the different efforts in the field of Qur’anic NLP, serving as a synthesized compendium of works (tools, data sets, approaches) covering the gamut from automated morphological analysis to correction of Qur’anic recitation via speech recognition. Multiple approaches are discussed for several tasks, where appropriate. Finally, we outline future research directions in this field.
Effect of anisotropic resistance characteristic on boundary-layer transitional flow
Authors: Hong Zheng , Ye Zhengyin , Wu Kangling , Ye Kun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is observed that the feather surface exhibits anisotropic resistances for the streamwise and spanwise flows. To obtain a qualitative understanding about the effect of this anisotropic resistance feature of surface on the boundary-layer transitional flow over a flat plate, a simple phenomenological model for the anisotropic resistance is established in this paper. By means of the large eddy simulation (LES) with high-order accurate finite difference method, the numerical investigations are conducted. The numerical results show that with the spanwise resistance hindering the formation of vortexes, the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow can be delayed, and turbulence is weakened when the flow becomes fully turbulent, which leads to significant drag reduction for the plate. On the contrary, the streamwise resistance renders the flow less stable, which leads to the earlier transition and enhances turbulence in the turbulent region, causing a drag increase for the plate. Thus, it is indicated that a surface with large resistance for spanwise flow and small resistance for streamwise flow can achieve significant drag reduction. The present results highlight the anisotropic resistance characteristic near the feather surface for drag reduction, and shed a light on the study of bird’s efficient flight.
“Everything Changed, Would You Like Me to Elaborate?”: A Qualitative Examination of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Community Participation Among Young Adults with Early Psychosis and Their Families
Authors: Patel Sapana R. , Stefancic Ana , Bello Iruma , Pagdon Shannon , Montague Elaina , Riefer Melody , Lyn Jamaitreya , Archard Joan , Rahim Reanne , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Mathai Chacku M. , Dixon Lisa B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOnTrackNY provides early intervention services to young people with early psychosis throughout New York State. This report describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community participation of OnTrackNY program participants and their families. Thirteen participants and nine family members participated in five focus groups and three individual semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a summary template and matrix analysis approach. Major themes highlight the negative impacts of the pandemic with reports of decreased socializing or using online means to connect, unemployment, challenges with online learning and a decrease in civic engagement. Positive impacts include more time to deepen connections with family and valued friendships and engage in activities that promote wellness and goal attainment. Implications for coordinated specialty care programs include adapting services to promote mainstream community integration and creating new strategies for community involvement of young people within a new context brought forth by the pandemic.
A prospective multicenter phase II study of FOLFIRINOX as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced and recurrent biliary tract cancer
Authors: Takahara Naminatsu , Nakai Yousuke , Isayama Hiroyuki , Sasaki Takashi , Morine Yuji , Watanabe Kazuo , Ueno Makoto , Ioka Tatsuya , Kanai Masashi , Kondo Shunsuke , Okano Naohiro , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Given the promising activity and tolerability of FOLFIRINOX as a second-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC), it can be an attractive first-line treatment option as well.
This is a single-arm, open-label, multicenter phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FOLFIRINOX as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced BTC. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), tumor response and safety. This study defined primary endpoint might be met when the lower limit value of 80% confidence interval [CI] of the median PFS ≥ 6.0 months.
Between June 2016 and March 2020, 35 BTC patients (21 intrahepatic, 10 extrahepatic, 2 gallbladder, 2 ampulla) including 26 unresectable and 9 recurrent disease were enrolled. After a median follow-up of 13.9 months, the median PFS and OS were 7.4 (80% CI, 5.5–7.5) and 14.7 (80% CI, 11.8–15.7) months, respectively. Complete response was achieved in 1 (2.9%) and partial response in 10 (28.6%), giving an objective response rate of 31.4% and disease control rate of 74.3%. Major grade 3–4 adverse events included neutropenia (54.3%), leukopenia (34.4%), febrile neutropenia (17.1%), thrombocytopenia (8.6%), cholangitis (8.6%), anemia, nausea, diarrhea, and peripheral sensory neuropathy (2.9% each).
FOLFIRINOX was well tolerable in patients with advanced BTC, however, this study did not meet the primary endpoint to conduct a phase III trial. Thus, further explorations are required to find a subset of patients and/or certain clinical scenario which might be beneficial from FOLFIRINOX.
Upper temperature limit of larval Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus: implications for conservation in a warming climate
Authors: Whitesel Timothy A. , Uh Christina T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate models suggest that by 2100, maximum temperatures where many larval Pacific lamprey,Entosphenus tridentatus, rear now may approach 27–31 °C. Little information exists on whether larval Pacific lamprey can tolerate these temperatures. We used acclimated chronic exposure (ACE) and direct acute exposure (DAE) experiments to determine the water temperature that is lethal to larval Pacific lamprey and whether sublethal water temperatures influence larval burrowing behavior. After 30 days in ACE experiments, all larvae survived in temperatures averaging ≤ 27.7 °C, no larvae survived in temperatures averaging ≥ 30.7 °C and the ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature (UILT) was estimated to be 29.2 °C. After seven days in DAE experiments, all larvae survived in 27.1 °C, only larvae acclimated to 23.3 °C survived in 29.1 °C, and no larvae survived in temperatures ≥ 30.6 °C. Using a time to death analysis, estimates of the UILTs ranged from 27.5 to 30.2 °C and the ultimate UILT was estimated to be > 28.3 °C. Using a percent mortality analysis, estimates of the ultimate UILT were not definitive but indicated it may be > 30.2 °C. To burrow, larvae reared for 30 days at temperatures averaging 26.9–27.7 °C exhibited more total time, active time, and stops than those reared for 30 days at temperatures averaging 22.3–23.9 °C. Our findings suggest that larval Pacific lamprey may be resilient to the most likely temperature increase scenarios predicted by climate models. However, they may be vulnerable to the high-temperature increase scenarios and, relatively high but sublethal temperatures may impact the behavior, and ultimately survival, of larval Pacific lamprey.
Environmental impacts of corn silage production: influence of wheat residues under contrasting tillage management types
Authors: Mirzaei Morad , Gorji Anari Manouchehr , Saronjic Nermina , Sarkar Sudip , Kral Iris , Gronauer Andreas , Mohammed Safwan , Caballero-Calvo Andrés 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe intensification of specific land management operations (tillage, herbicide, etc.) is increasing land degradation and contributing to ecosystem pollution. Mulches can be a sustainable tool to counter these processes. This is particularly relevant for rural areas in low-income countries where agriculture is a vital sector. In this research, the environmental impact of different rates of wheat residues (no residues, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) in corn silage cultivation was evaluated using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems in a semi-arid region in Karaj, Iran. Results showed that in both tillage systems, marine aquatic ecotoxicity (ME) and global warming potential (GWP) had the highest levels of pollution among the environmental impact indicators. In CT systems, the minimum (17,730.70 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DB) eq.) and maximum (33,683.97 kg 1,4-DB eq.) amounts of ME were related to 0 and 100% wheat residue rates, respectively. Also, in the CT system, 0 and 100% wheat residue rates resulted in minimum (176.72 kg CO2 eq.) and maximum (324.95 kg CO2 eq.) amounts of GWP, respectively. However, in the NT system, the 100% wheat residue rate showed the minimum amounts of ME (11,442.39 kg 1,4-DB eq.) and GWP (120.21 kg CO2 eq.). Also, in the NT system, maximum amounts of ME (17,174 kg 1,4-DB eq.) and GWP (175.60 kg CO2 eq.) were observed with a zero wheat residue rate. On-farm emissions and nitrogen fertilizers were the two factors with the highest contribution to the degradation related to environmental parameters at all rates of wheat residues. Moreover, in the CT system, the number of environmental pollutants increased with the addition of a higher wheat residue rate, while in the NT system, increasing residue rates decreased the amount of environmental pollutants. In conclusion, this LCA demonstrates that the NT system with the full retention of wheat residues (100%) is a more environmentally sustainable practice for corn silage production. Therefore, it may be considered one of the most adequate management strategies in this region and similar semi-arid conditions. Further long-term research and considering more environmental impact categories are required to assess the real potential of crop residues and tillage management for sustainable corn silage production.
Understanding how the university curriculum impacts student wellbeing: a qualitative study
Authors: Upsher Rebecca , Percy Zephyr , Cappiello Lorenzo , Byrom Nicola , Hughes Gareth , Oates Jennifer , Nobili Anna , Rakow Katie , Anaukwu Chinwe , Foster Juliet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is increasing pressure within universities to address student mental health. From a whole university or settings-based perspective, this could include curriculum-embedded approaches. There is little research about how this should work or what approaches might be most effective. Semi -structured interviews were conducted with fifty-seven undergraduate students from five disciplines (Psychology, English studies, Nursing, International Politics, and War Studies) to understand students’ perspectives. Students reflected on wellbeing module content and, more broadly, on curriculum processes (teaching, pedagogy, assessment) within their degree. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to transcripts, generating three themes: embedding wellbeing in the curriculum; assessment, challenge, and academic support; and social connection and interaction. The findings provide evidence for teaching, pedagogy, and assessment practices supporting higher education student wellbeing. These align with recommended good teaching practices, such as considering appropriate assessment methods followed by effective feedback. Students saw the benefits of being academically challenged if scaffolded appropriately. Strong peer connection, teacher-student interaction, and communication were crucial to learning and wellbeing. These findings provide implications for future curriculum design that can support learning and wellbeing.