bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental, social and governance performance (ESG) and firm investment efficiency in emerging markets: the interaction effect of board cultural diversity
Authors: Al-Hiyari Ahmad , Ismail Abdussalaam Iyanda , Kolsi Mohamed Chakib , Kehinde Oyewumi Hassan 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to explore whether environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance is positively associated with firm investment efficiency (IE) in emerging economies. It also examines whether board cultural diversity can moderate the ESG–IE relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a cross-country sample of listed firms located in seven emerging countries over the 2011–2019 period. The authors use a fixed effect panel regression to empirically test the hypotheses. The authors also use a lagged model and a Heckman’s (1979) two-stage procedure to mitigate potential endogeneity issues. In addition, a two-stage least squares regression analysis was done as an additional robustness check.

Findings
This study finds that firms with stronger ESG performance have a higher investment efficiency. Interestingly, this study finds that board cultural diversity negatively moderates the impact of ESG performance on IE for firms operating in settings prone to overinvestment. This result suggests that ESG performance plays a less important role in mitigating managers' tendencies to overinvest when corporate boards have more foreign directors. However, the authors do not find such evidence in firms prone to underinvestment. These findings hold after using an alternative measure of IE and controlling for endogeneity concerns.

Originality/value
This paper adds to the existing body of knowledge in three dimensions. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first cross-country study that investigates the linkage between ESG performance and corporate IE in the context of emerging countries. Second, the authors have enriched the prior literature by examining the moderating effect of board cultural diversity on the positive association between ESG performance and corporate IE. Finally, this study has important implications for policymakers and capital suppliers in emerging countries, which strive to facilitate the efficient allocation of scarce resources.
Tazzo Bikes: tackling competition
Authors: Ghosh Dastidar Surajit 
Published: October 2022

Learning outcomes
The key learning objectives are mentioned as follows:▪ analyse the attractiveness of the bike rental market using Michael Porter’s five forces model;▪ apply the TWOS framework to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of Tazzo;▪ evaluate various competitive strategies of Tazzo; and▪ identify the unique value proposition for such a service in an emerging market such as India.

Case overview/synopsis
Tazzo was an Indian technology bike rental start-up based in Hyderabad. It was a pioneer in providing on-demand bike rental services. Tazzo was founded in 2016 by Priyam Saraswat and Shivangi Srivastava, both from IIT Guwahati, Priyank Suthar from IIT Roorkee and Vikrant Gosain from IMT Hyderabad. Within two years since its inception, Tazzo had scaled up from 5 bikes to a fleet size of 600 bikes with more than 1,000 daily rides. They were making around 24,000 rides monthly with an average ticket size of INR 250. The revenues crossed INR 10 crores with more than 20,000 active users. In 2016, the market was nascent and the concept was new. There was huge demand for such an on-demand bike rental services for self-commute in the metros. However, increasing awareness of a huge untapped market in the bike rental market had led to entry of a flurry of competitors. Notable among them were Vogo, Bounce and ONN Bikes. Facing such intense competition Priyam, co-founder and CEO of Tazzo, had the challenge to be able to sustain his company’s early momentum. How would he be able to retain Tazzo’s market leadership position? Would it be possible for Tazzo to keep up the pace of growth amid increased competition? Would the company be able to ward off the challenges from its competitors? Priyam was facing all these challenging questions and had to quickly address them to continue to lead in this competitive race.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in Marketing Management course’s “Competition Analysis” module for both MBA and executive-level programs dealing with marketing. This case study helps students in dealing with issues pertaining to a given market sector where a firm is operating, the strategies that could be used by the competitors and application of competitive strategies which the firm can apply.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Why do hotels go green? Understanding TripAdvisor GreenLeaders participation
Authors: Yang Yang , Jiang Lan , Wang Yawei 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
More hotels are beginning to embrace green practices given increasing awareness of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to examine factors contributing to hotels’ participation in TripAdvisor’s GreenLeaders program.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a sample of 48,064 hotels from 328 destinations in 29 countries, the authors leverage a multi-level logit model to examine antecedents of GreenLeaders participation. A multi-level ordered logit model is then estimated to uncover factors influencing the ranking of this participation.

Findings
Empirical results indicate that hotels with a larger size, a higher class, a better online reputation, greater reliance on business travelers, fewer neighboring hotels and a more long-term-oriented culture are more apt to join the program. Online reputation factors, hotel size and the number of neighboring hotels explain GreenLeaders hotels’ rankings. A series of robustness checks reinforces the results.

Practical implications
The results shed light on green program design and promotion. These findings can help hotel practitioners identify ideal target markets and better use their organizational resources to establish green programs. Several strategies can be implemented to promote hotels’ commitment to sustainability and to encourage guests’ awareness of and involvement in green practices.

Originality/value
This study enriches knowledge of sustainable hospitality and tourism. The findings of this study also address corporate social responsibility by analyzing factors that can promote and inhibit GreenLeaders program participation. Further, as a complement to hotel- and location-specific factors, the authors scrutinize the effects of cultural features in shaping green strategies.
School-level variables that enhance student achievement: examining the role of collective teacher efficacy and organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Erdogan Ufuk , Dipaola Michael F. , Donmez Burhanettin 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among collective teacher efficacy (CTE), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and student achievement in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachMultilevel analysis was conducted to investigate how school-level variables, including collective teacher efficacy, organizational citizenship behavior, and school socioeconomic status, affect student achievement. Data were collected from 674 teachers and 7,173 students embedded in 57 schools.FindingsResults showed significant variation in mean student achievement between schools, with approximately 20% of the variance in mean achievement occurring between-schools. After controlling for school Socioeconomic status (SES), CTE and OCB significantly predicted school mean achievement scores and explained approximately 45% of the between-schools variance in achievement.Practical implicationsThe results of the study verified that CTE and OCB are important school-level variables that contribute to the achievement of students. It reemphasizes the significance of these constructs in creating the conditions to foster student achievement even in low-SES schools.Originality/valueThis was the first attempt to examine the relationships between CTE, OCB and student achievement in Turkey. The findings of this study may contribute to the international knowledge base by investigating the relationship between CTE, OCB, and student achievement in a collectivist cultural context.
Teachers' dilemmatic spaces connected to students' net-based out-of-school activities
Authors: Löfving Christina , Godhe Anna-Lena , Lundin Johan 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate and describe the complex and dynamic dilemmas teachers are facing connected to students' net-based out-of-school activities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on the notion of dilemmatic spaces when thematically analyzing focus group interviews conducted with 41 teachers at three lower secondary schools in Sweden.FindingsTwo themes capture the teachers' dilemmas concerning their students´ net-based out-of-school activities: negotiations of content and negotiations of professional identity. When teachers take part in professional discussions where dilemmatic spaces are recognized, rather than focusing on either being for or against digitalization, they are enabled to express a multifaceted view of professional identity.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is a starting point for further studies investigating how pedagogical and didactic decisions are made in a digital time.Practical implicationsThe findings are expected to be helpful to policymakers in understanding teachers' work. Also, teachers can be empowered by taking the departure in the findings and discussing how to handle dilemmas fruitfully.Originality/valueIn a rapidly changing digital society, it is important to investigate what dilemmas teachers face in their work in order to learn from them. This study is a significant contribution.
Municipal climate leadership in Canada: the role of leadership in the expansion of municipal climate action
Authors: Touchant Lauren 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this empirical case study is to study and explain the role of public leadership in the expansion of municipal climate action in Canada.Design/methodology/approachIn 2017 and 2018, the authors conducted13 semi-directed interviews with municipal staff and elected officials from three municipalities, a documentary analysis of primary and secondary sources. Interviews and documentation collected were also coded using the software NVIVO 12. The authors compared three municipal case studies: the City of Toronto (Ontario), the City of Guelph (Ontario), and the Town of Bridgewater (Nova Scotia).FindingsThe authors found that leadership is a prominent factor explaining the expansion of municipal climate action in Canada. Municipal climate action is initiated and championed by an individual, elected officials or municipal staff, who lead and engage in the development of policy instruments to mitigate and/or adapt to climate change. These leaders facilitate the formulation and implementation of instruments, encourage a paradigm shift within the municipality, overcome structural and behavioural barriers, and foster collaboration around a common vision. Optimal municipal climate leadership occurs when the leadership of elected officials and municipal is congruent, though networks play a significant role by amplifying municipal sustainability leadership. They support staff and elected officials leadership within municipalities, provide more information and funding to grow the capacity of municipalities to develop instruments, to the point that conditions under which municipalities are driving climate action are changing.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper hopes to contribute to better understand under what conditions municipalities drive change.Originality/valueThere is an international scholarly recognition that municipalities should be further explored and considered important actors in the Canadian and international climate change governance. Gore (2010) and Robinson and Gore (2015) highlighted that we are yet to understand the extent to which municipalities are involved in climate governance in Canada. This article directly addresses this gap in the current scholarly literature and explores the expansion of climate municipal leadership with the aspects of interviews.
Does COVID-19 influence the maturity management of industrial sectors? Evidence from global data
Authors: Najaf Khakan , Rashid Abdul , Kyung Ko Young , Suppiah Susela Devi K. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This study aims to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically impacts the maturity of all industrial sectors globally. This paper analyses the general patterns of managing maturity in terms of performance and risk-taking of S&P 500 industrial sectors while determining their association with COVID-19.

Design/methodology/approach
To analyse the immediate response of COVID-19 on maturity management, the authors gather time-series daily index data of S&P sectors from October 2019 until June 2020 from Bloomberg. The authors select this study period to show the immediate effect of COVID-19 on industrial sector maturity management. The performance and volatility of stock are proxies for managing the maturity of each sector. The authors use vector auto-regression (VAR) methodology to determine the impact of global coronavirus.

Findings
This study’s findings suggest that the information technology sectors outperform the other sectors; in contrast, the utility sector exhibits the worst performance during a pandemic. Furthermore, the real estate sector depicts a higher level of systematic risk pattern than other sectors. Interestingly, the empirical result of VAR shows that almost every sector is significantly negatively affected by this pandemic; however, the consumer discretionary sector is immune to it.

Research limitations/implications
Overall, this study’s findings for individual economic sectors demonstrate that the managing maturity of each sector acts differently to the coronavirus outbreak. This study offers insights to researchers, policymakers, regulators, financial report users, investors, employees, clients and society.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing literature on managing the maturity of industry sectors in terms of observing their trends during the financial crisis.
Learning behavior in augmented reality–mediated mobile game–based learning
Authors: Yu Ya-Lun , Wu Ting Ting , Huang Yueh-Min 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether the effects of children's current learning are related to their learning efficiency and behavior when they are exposed to two different gaming media.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper the authors used a quasi-experimental design to determine whether game-based learning can be improved by using mobile devices equipped with augmented reality (AR).FindingsThe control group using the card game was careful to find the correct answer, with the intention of “obtaining the maximum score with the highest rate of correctness,” whereas the experimental group using the AR board game played aggressively by “obtaining the maximum score with the highest number.”Research limitations/implicationsAlthough integrating an AR board game into the curriculum is an effective approach, the need to implement such a game in response to different learning attitudes and behaviors of students should be addressed.Practical implicationsDepending on the learning situation, different teaching methods and aids can be used to help students effectively learn. The recommendations based on this experiment can broaden the teaching field and allow for a wider range of experimental studies.Originality/valueLearning behavior was observed, and user attention was interpreted using MindWave Mobile.
Litter and root traits control soil microbial composition and enzyme activities in 28 common subtropical tree species
Authors: Wan Xiaohua , Yu Zaipeng , Wang Mengjuan , Zhang Yu , Huang Zhiqun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Plant trait‐based approaches are frequently used to explore the linkages between above‐ground plant communities and below‐ground ecosystem functions. However, the role of plant leaf litter and living root traits in driving soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities has rarely been explored.

Here, we measured the soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition under 3‐year‐old monocultures of 28 common subtropical tree species in China.

We found that plant leaf litter and absorptive root traits, including leaf litter C content, litter water holding capacity and root N content, were the three best predictors for soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. In particular, resource‐exploitative tree species with higher root N contents were associated with microbial communities with lower fungi to bacteria ratios and lower C‐ and P‐acquisition enzyme activities. Tree species with higher leaf litter water holding capacity were associated with microbial resource acquisition strategies for C and P acquisition.

Synthesis: Our findings highlighted that plant leaf litter and root traits are important for mechanistically understanding the ecological linkage between the plant community and ecosystem functions.
Screening of key biomarkers in osteoporosis: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Shaoshuo , Wang Jianwei , Ma Yong , Yin Heng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the expression characteristics of osteoporosis‐related genes by bioinformatics and elucidate the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.MethodsThe differentially expressed genes (DEGs), microRNA (miRNA), and genes with differentially methylated regions (DMRS) in promoters were identified. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and performed. The Clue Gene Ontology analysis and miRNA‐mRNA (messenger RNA) regulatory network were constructed using Cytoscape.ResultsFifty‐nine DEGs, 10 differential miRNAs, and 2083 genes with DMRs were screened out. The Proteasome‐Modulator (PSMD) family proteins and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) are vital for the PPI analysis of DEGs. The interaction network of the Smad3 protein showed that the degree of connection to ESR1, PSMD11, and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is very high. Homo sapiens (hsa)‐miR‐106b‐5p was differential and regulated TCF4 through building the miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment of DEGs focused on vascular smooth muscle contraction, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway. The Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis of genes with DMRs in promoters was primarily concentrated in the cell differentiation, positive regulation of CDP‐diacylglycerol‐serine O‐phosphatidyltransferase activity, and positive regulation of C‐palmitoyltransferase activity. The KEGG enrichment of genes with DMRs in promoters largely focused on glycerol phospholipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, Adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathway, and mRNA surveillance pathway.ConclusionHsa‐miRNA‐106b‐5p regulates bone formation and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by controlling TCF4, and methylation modification of TCF4 can also affect the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
Content validity of the nursing diagnosis low self‐efficacy in health
Authors: Barreiro Reinaldo Gutiérrez , de Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the content of the proposal for the nursing diagnosis of low self‐efficacy in health.MethodsContent validation study using the approach proposed by Lopes, a panel of 47 experts on the phenomenon of interest analyzed the content of the diagnosis using a Likert‐type scale to evaluate the relevance of 16 clinical indicators and 18 etiological factors of the nursing diagnosis under investigation. These components were previously identified and defined through a middle‐range theory. Based on the predictive diversity model, the experts’ verifications were weighted according to their level of expertise. The pseudomedian and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A content validity index above 0.9 was considered valid, and the Wilcoxon test was used to validate each pseudomedian with a p‐value above 0.05.FindingsThirteen clinical indicators were considered relevant, demonstrating the importance of these elements for the clinical identification of low self‐efficacy in health. Three clinical indicators were excluded because they were not representative for this diagnosis. The eighteen etiological factors analyzed were considered relevant.ConclusionThe findings of the present study may help nurses to identify low self‐efficacy in health early and direct effective interventions to increase people's confidence in their abilities to promote their health.Implications for nursing practiceA new diagnostic framework is presented with peer‐reviewed content, representing a phenomenon frequently reported by clinicians. This new diagnosis can guide nursing care and produce better health outcomes that depend on patients’ confidence in their ability to take care of their own health.
Technological solutions to loneliness—Are they enough?
Authors: Lederman Zohar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLoneliness is a major public health concern, particularly during pandemics such as Covid. It is extremely common, and it poses a major risk to human health. Technological solutions including social media, robots, and virtual reality have been advocated and implemented to relieve loneliness, and their use will undoubtedly increase in the near future. This paper explores the use of technological solutions from a normative perspective, asking whether and to what extent such measures should indeed be relied upon. The conclusion is that technological solutions are unquestionably part of the solution to loneliness, but that they cannot and should not constitute the whole solution. It is important to note that this is not a straw‐man argument, as several organizations and scholars have strictly focused on such technological solutions for loneliness.
Dramatic cutaneous eruption of nodular purpuric lesions in an otherwise well older man
Authors: Malone Ciara , Law Ruth , Sargent Jeremy , Feighery Clióna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We describe a dramatic presentation of a rare condition, presenting as a diffuse ecchymosis-like area. This entity has a predilection to primary cutaneous involvement, placing dermatologists as important primary assessors. Clinical knowledge and a high level of clinical suspicion are essential for timely diagnosis.
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