bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedation is associated with higher polyp and adenoma detection rates during colonoscopy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Chenghu , Tang Dehua , Xie Ying , Ni Muhan , Chen Min , Shen Yonghua , Dou Xiaotan , Zhou Lin , Xu Guifang , Wang Lei , Lv Ying , Zhang Shu , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and aims: Currently sedation is a common practice in colonoscopy to reduce pain of patients and improve the operator satisfaction, while its impact on examination quality, especially polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) is still controversial. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association of sedation with PDR/ADR. Methods: Consecutive patients receiving colonoscopy between January 2017 to January 2020 at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to investigate the association between sedation and PDR/ADR. Subgroup analysis and propensity score matching analysis (PSM), as sensitivity analysis, were performed to validate the independent effect. Results: The PDR and ADR were significantly higher in cases with sedation (PDR: 55.4% vs 46.6%, OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32~1.53, P < 0.001; ADR: 37.3% vs 30.2%, OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.27~1.49, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the sedation was an independent factor associated with PDR (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.40~1.69, P < 0.001) and ADR (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.32~1.60, P < 0.001). The effect was consistent in subgroup analyses(P > 0.05) and PSM analysis (PDR: 56.1% vs 46.4%, OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.35~1.62, P < 0.001; ADR: 37.4% vs 30.0%, OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.27~1.54, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Sedation was associated with a higher polyp and adenoma detection rates during colonoscopy, which can promote the quality of colonoscopy.
Height Measurements to Diagnose Short Stature and Obesity During After-Hours Period is Inefficient
Authors: Matsumoto Takako , Ushijima Kikumi , Fujimoto Tamotsu , Eshima Nobuoki , Yatsuga Shuichi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Pediatricians in Japan usually measure child body weight during medical examinations. However, they rarely measure height. There are no reports addressing the efficiency of height measurement at night or on holidays. Our study asked whether height measurements and obesity index calculations during all pediatric visits were efficient. Methods: We analyzed data collected on patients between the ages of 3 and 10 years who visited a pediatrics department over a 1-month period. We divided the patients into four groups based on when they visited the department: 1) weekday daytime, 2) weekday Semi-night, 3) weekday Mid-night, 4) holiday. The height and the body weight of all patients were measured. This analysis included 1101 patients. The numbers of patients visiting the hospital were 727, 176, 34, and 164 for Day-time, Semi-night, Mid-night, and Holiday visits, respectively. Resalts: There were no significant differences in ages of children visiting at different times (p=0.211). However, there were significant differences in height among children visiting at different times (p=0.018), with the Mid-night group being the highest. There were no significant differences in the incidence of obesity among patients visiting at different times (p=0.44); however, significant variations were found for BMI %tile among the patients (p=0.03), being significantly lower for the Mid-night group than the others. Conclusions: We conclude that height measurement to detect short stature (SS) and calculating BMI to detect obesity is inefficient for children who visit hospital during emergency times.
The Prognostic Biomarkers and Immunotherapeutic Targets of Septin in Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhengyang , Yang Changliang , Zhang Yan , Yang Haiou , Yang Jiayu , Zhang Haiyang , Ba Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundColon cancer has the third highest incidence and second highest death rate in the world. Colon cancer poses a huge burden to patients and society in China. More accurate and convenient early diagnosis of colon cancer is a challenge to solve this disease. Some studies have revealed the involvement of Septin family members in colon cancer, but the role of most Septin remains unclear. MethodsGEPIA, UALCAN, The Human Protein ATLAS database, The Human Disease Methylation Database, MethSurv, SurvivalMeth, cBioPortal, STRING, GeneMANIA, DAVID, Metascape, PASTAA, LinkedOmics, and TIMER were used in our study. ResultsWe found that the transcription level of SEPT1/4/5/6/7/10/11 was significantly decreased in colon cancer tissues. The expression level of SEPT2/5/6/7/8/9/10/11 protein was medium to high in colon cancer tissues, while the relative expression level of SEPT2 and SEPT9 was the highest in colon cancer tissues. SEPT7 expression was significantly correlated with pathological stage. For colon cancer patients, high SEPT2/9/10/11 expression was associated with longer OS, and only low SEPT4 expression was obviously associated with longer DSF. Moreover, the methylation level of SEPT2/5/7/8/9/11 was increased in colon cancer tissues, while that of SEPT3/4/6/10 was decreased. SEPT9/10/11 methylation levels were also found to decrease with the progression of colon cancer. 2 CpG SEPT1 2 CpG SEPT3, 5 CpG SEPT4, 3 CpG SEPT5, 8 CpG SEPT6, 3 CpG SEPT7, 5 CpG SEPT8, 20 CpG SEPT9, SEPT10 3 CpG 7 CpG SEPT11 was significantly associated with the prognosis of colon cancer patients. We found that SEPT7 had the lowest level of DNA methylation, while SEPT2 had the highest. For possible mechanisms, we performed interaction analysis, functional enrichment analysis in colon cancer, and identified the transcription factor targets and miRNA targets of septin in colon cancer. We also found a significant association between Septin and immune cell invasion. The results showed that SEPT4 and SEPT5 were significantly associated with clinical outcomes of colon cancer patients.ConclusionsSeptin could be used as a clinical prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets for colon cancer.
The Pattern of COVID-19 Deaths per Million in Relation to Population Growth Rates
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: It is well known that aging – as an indicator for community structure- carries a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. Because of the scarcity of global data about COVID-19 age distribution data, we suggest that the population growth rate (PGR) can reflect the age group structure of the community and can be used as a new indicator for COVID-19 mortality risk assessment. Furthermore, PGR gives an idea about two parameters: birth rate and mortality rate.
Study Design: Ninety-two countries with a total population of more than ten million people were chosen as a sample for this study. We used publically available data for PGRs and COVID-19 deaths per one million populations. These countries were classified into three groups according to COVID-19 death rate per million people into < 1000 / (62 Countries), COVID-19 death rate 1000-2000 (11 Countries), and > 2000 (19 Countries).
Methods: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used as a statistical method to provide information about levels of variability within a regression model and form a basis for testing the fitted logarithmic model for significance.
Results: PGR was inversely related to COVID-19 mortality in a too highly significant association (p-value 0.000)
Conclusions: PGR estimation is a novel method that can be used to detect countries at increased risk for COVID-19 death in addition to age structure of the community.
Keywords: COVID-19; population growth rate; COVID-19 deaths per one million.
Mid-infrared Supercontinuum-based Fourier Transform Spectroscopy for plasma analysis
Authors: Krebbers R. , Liu N. , Jahromi K. E. , Nematollahi M. , Bang O. , Woyessa G. , Petersen C. R. , Rooij G. Van , Harren F. J. M. , Khodabakhsh A. , Cristescu S. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broadband mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a well-established and valuable diagnostic technique for reactive plasmas. Plasmas are complex systems and consist of numerous (reactive) types of molecules; it is challenging to measure and control reaction specificity with a good sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate the first use of a novel MIR supercontinuum (SC) source for quantitative plasma spectroscopy. The SC source has a wide spectral coverage of 1300-2700 cm-1 (wavelength range 3.7-7.7 μm), thus enabling broadband multispecies detection. The high spatial coherence of the MIR SC source provides long interaction path lengths, thereby increasing the sensitivity for molecular species. The combination of such a SC source with a custom-built FTIR spectrometer (3 GHz spectral resolution) allows detection of various gases with high spectral resolution. We demonstrate its potential in plasma discharge applications by accurate identification and quantification of a variety of reaction products (e.g. nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides) under the low-pressure conditions, including the molecular species with overlapping absorbance features (e.g. acetone, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, etc).
Analysis Of Related Complications Of Totally Implantable Venous Access Ports In Children's Chemotherapy - Single Center Experience
Authors: Zhang Songze , Xiao Zhangsheng , Yang Feibiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAP) have become important infusion channels for children with tumors. With the popularization of TIVAP, its related complications have gradually received clinical attention. However, few studies have investigated the complications of TIVAP in children. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically analyze the risk factors of complications in children's infusion ports to provide a basis for guiding clinical prevention and intervention.Methods: A total of 182 children who underwent TIVAP implantation and required long-term chemotherapy in our hospital between January 2018 and January 2021 were included. Based on the demographic data, basic disease status, and operation-related data obtained through ERS, SEC, and manual follow-up, the complications and related influencing factors after implantation and implantation were summarized and analyzed. The SPSS software was used to analyze the influencing factors between the complication and control groups.Results: There were 182 children implanted in the intravenous infusion port, of whom 71 had complications. Infection was the most common complication in 50 cases, followed by catheter blockage in 23 cases. Among the infection factors, catheter-related bloodstream infection accounted for the highest proportion (31 cases,17.0%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen. Nineteen cases were pulled out early, and the unplanned pull-out rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection was the highest. In the analysis of influencing factors, age showed significant differences in catheter-related infection, all complications, and no complications (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The overall incidence of complications associated with the use of TIVAP in children undergoing chemotherapy is high, and infection is the most common complication, among which catheter-related blood flow infection is the most common cause of unplanned pullout. A younger age may be associated with a higher incidence of complications.
Correlation between high ratio of circulating PMN-MDSCs and poor prognosis in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Kohada Yuki , Kuromoto Akito , Takeda Kazuya , Atobe Yuri , Ito Jun , Kaifu Tomonori , Kaiho Yasuhiro , Nakashima Ichiro , Hinata Nobuyuki , Nakamura Akira , Sato Makoto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to investigate the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in metastatic-hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).Materials and methods: MDSC subsets in peripheral blood samples were classified and evaluated by flow cytometry into early MDSCs (e-MDSCs), polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs), and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). Prostate-specific antigen progression free survival (PSA–PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated to assess the prognostic value of each of the MDSC subsets. The immune cell dynamics and gene expression alteration were analyzed by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in the representative case.Results: Thirty-one patients with mHSPC and eleven healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. In patients with mHSPC, PMN/M-MDSCs were significantly higher than those of HCs (p < 0.05) before treatment and declined to almost the same level as in the HCs after treatment. Although there were no differences between high and low ratio of e-MDSCs and M-MDSCs, patients with a high ratio of PMN-MDSCs (≥ 0.30%) displayed a lower PSA–PFS and OS than those with a low ratio (< 0.30%) (p < 0.05). The analysis of scRNA-seq showed that the expression of genes implicated in tumor progression was upregulated in a representative mHSPC case.Conclusion: The high frequency of PMN-MDSCs correlated with poor prognosis in patients with mHSPC. PMN-MDSCs and their highly expressed genes are included as potential novel therapeutic targets for mHSPC.
The Time Value of Carbon Storage
Authors: Parisa Zack , Marland Eric , Sohngen Brent , Marland Gregg , Jenkins Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Widespread concern about the risks of global climate change is increasingly focused on the urgent need for action (IPCC, 2018; IPCC, 2021), and natural climate solutions are a critical component of global strategies to achieve low temperature targets (e.g. Griscom et al. 2017, Roe et al. 2019). Yet to date, the full potential of natural systems to store carbon has not been leveraged because policy-makers have required long-term contracts to compensate for permanence concerns, and these long-term contracts substantially raise costs and limit deployment. In this paper, we lay out the rationale that our time preference for early action leads to the conclusion that multiple tons of short-term storage of carbon in ecosystem stocks can be considered to have equal value – as measured by the social cost of carbon -- as 1 ton of carbon sequestered permanently. This equivalence can be used to quantify the value of short-term carbon storage, thereby removing one of the most significant barriers to participation in the carbon market and enabling the full climate mitigation potential of the land sector to be realized.
Kidung Wahyu Kalaseba: Javanese Spiritualism and Psycho-cultural Resilience
Authors: Jamil Muhammad Mukhsin 
Published: March 2022

Kidung Wahyu Kalaseba (KWK) is a new literary work echoing psycho-cultural resilience due to the negative impact of modernization and religious puritanism. KWK contains Javanese spiritualism that could encounter religious challenges and revive cultural values. KWK spreads through popular musical performances, such as dangdut, gamelan, and mix, unlike classical written literature. Today, it could reach wider audiences through social media platforms. This study employs a socio-historical and pragmatic approach. The former is used to analyze the socio-historical context when KWK was being written. Then the latter is used to see the function and benefit of KWK amid society. The study revealed that the revitalization of local tradition through KWK as a pop culture had attracted the millennial generation. KWK functions to revitalize Javanese spiritualism to deal with the destructive impact of modernization. Therefore, KWK proposes the importance of the spiritual journey by purifying the human soul to achieve true happiness.
Anxiety among Brazilian Dentists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lima Arthur Igor Cruz , Carvalho Fernando Martins , de Santana Silva Marcos Vinicius , Fagundes Silva Juliane Kely , de Azevedo Carolina Franco , Lins-Kusterer Liliane 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Despite using biosafety protocols, dentists fear contracting COVID-19 and face economic uncertainties about their professional future caused by the pandemic.

Objective:
This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anxiety and identifying factors associated with it among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study involving 408 Brazilian dental surgeons selected by snowball technique who filled an electronic questionnaire about sex, race, dental specialty, health habits, health-related quality of life, anxiety, and COVID-19-related aspects. Symptoms of anxiety were measured by the Beck anxiety inventory, and health-related quality of life was assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Poisson regression was used to obtain estimates of adjusted prevalence ratios.

Results:
The prevalence rate of anxiety was found to be 27.5% and it was significantly higher among dentists who were afraid of catching COVID-19 (Prevalence Ratio=PR=2.52), and among those who reported sweating, wheezing, and increased heart rate during work (PR=3.67). Afro-American dentists were 48% more anxious than dentists belonging to the white/yellow race. The mean value of the quality of life of anxious dentists compared to non-anxious dentists was 13% lower in the physical domain, 12% lower in the psychological domain, and 7% higher in the social relationship domain.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian dentists, in the context of economic uncertainty and social distance imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, is high and associated with the fear of contracting the disease, physical symptomatology of stress, being Afro-American, and altered quality of life in the physical, psychological, and social relationships domains.
Efficient Control of the Formation of Pillar[5]arene-based Supramolecular
Polymers
Authors: Liu Luzhi , He Qin , Zhou Qingqing , Qin Xue , Zhang Wenxue , Huang Yan , Duan Wengui 
Published: March 2022

•	Background:
The design and preparation of functional pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their wide range of applications.

•	Objective and Method:
Based on the strategy of synergistic effects of non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonds and host-guest interaction, an amphiphilic pillar[5]arene 1 with two terminated acid chains was designed, and its self-assembly properties were investigated by 1HNMR, TEM, SEM and UV-Vis.

•	Results:
The pillar[5]arene 1 can form a self-inclusion complex, whose carboxyl groups are locked on the surface of cavity at low concentration (<4.5 mM) in chloroform. Interestingly, when competitive guest dihaloalkanes such as α,ω-diiodobutane (DIB), α,ω-dibromobutane (DBB) and α,ω-dichlorobutane (DCB), were added, supramolecular polymers were immediately obtained and precipitated. Their critical precipitation concentration (CPC) were calculated as 1 mM, 3 mM and 5 mM for DIB, DBB and DCB, respectively. Moreover, tuning the solvent, concentration and guests can reversibly control their polymerization.

•	Conclusion:
This study provided an efficient method for the preparation of pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular polymers, which have potential application for the separation or purification of the dihaloalkanes.
Effects of Strain Rate on the Cutting of Duplex Stainless Steel S32760
Authors: Yang Lin , Zou Jiaxu , Zheng Minli , Zhang Heqing 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The essence of the plastic deformation of the material to be processed during
the cutting process is the movement of dislocations. By increasing the density of dislocations, the material’s
flow stress inevitably increases by raising the strain rate.

Objectives:
The three regions are divided quantitatively as thermal activation stage (101-3×103), nonthermal
stage (10-3-101), and dislocation damping stage (above 3×103). Analyzing the chip metallographic
diagram of the cutting process, it is believed that the strain rate effect is caused by two reasons.

Methods:
The three areas are based on the speed of growth and the control mechanism, presenting a
more detailed and vivid explanation of these three areas. Using Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), the
strain rate effect of duplex stainless steel S32760 is studied.

Results:
The greater austenite deformation is caused by the austenite deformation in S32760 compared
to the ferrite softening effect and the insufficient softening effect in the plastic deformation of the material.

Conclusion:
The grain refinement is caused by the adiabatic shear zone from the deformation zone to
the transition zone, making it difficult for dislocations to start slipping and increasing the flow stress.
Attributive Clause in Georgian Language
Authors: Pilashvili Elene 
Published: March 2022

The given article discusses a complex sentence with an attributive clause in Guram Dochanashvili’s novel “The First Garment”. The attributive clause gives a broad explanation about an antecedent in the main clause and a complemetizer that is related to it. Relative pronoun in the attributive clause agrees with the word (antecedent) in number and is declined according to a predicate in the subordinate clause. Attributive clause is related to a declinable word in main clause, such as noun, pronoun or infinitive. Position of subordinate clause is studied with its subordinators and complementizers in a complex sentence. In Guram Dochanashvili’s novel, main and subordinate clauses are related to each other by: 1. subordinators: rom [that], titkos [as if; as though]; 2. relative pronouns: vinc [who], rac [ that], romelic [ which], rogoric [ how], ranairic [ what kind/type]; ramdenic [how many]; 3. relative adverbs: sadac [where], saidanac [from where] and is, igi [he/she/it], iseti [such s] are used as correlatives. Complementizers – rom [that] (from relative pronouns), romelic [which/that/who] (from relative pronoun) and sadac [where] (from relative adverbs) are frequently used to join main and subordinate clauses together. There are no writing deviations within this construction in the novel.
KONTRIBUSI MINAT BELAJAR DAN DISIPLIN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PDTO PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X TKRO SMK MUHAMMADIYAH PRAMBANAN
Authors: Hidayad Arif Arif 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan guna mengetahui: 1) kontribusi minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar; 2) kontribusi disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar; 3) kontribusi minat belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar. Jenis penelitian ini yakni penelitian ex-post facto menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini yakni seluruh peserta didik kelas X TKRO SMK Muhammadiyah Prambanan yang berjumlah 67 orang. Penelitian ini yakni penelitian populasi. Metode pengumpulan data yang dipakai yakni angket serta dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang dipakai: 1) Uji prasyarat analisis; 2) analisis deskriptif dan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Terdapat kontribusi minat belajar terhadap hasil belajar PDTO peserta didik dengan nilai kontribusi minat belajar sebesar 31,13%; 2) Terdapat kontribusi disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar PDTO peserta didik dengan nilai kontribusi disiplin belajar sebesar 23,77%; 3) Terdapat kontribusi minat belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar PDTO peserta didik dengan nilai kontribusi sebesar 54,9%.Kata kunci: Minat Belajar, Disiplin Belajar, Hasil Belajar.