bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E Virus in Water Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Takuissu G. R. , Kenmoe S. , Ndip L. , Ebogo-Belobo J. T. , Kengne-Ndé C. , Mbaga D. S. , Bowo-Ngandji A. , Oyono M. G. , Kenfack-Momo R. , Tchatchouang S. , Kenfack-Zanguim J. , Lontuo Fogang R. , Zeuko’o Menkem E. , Kame-Ngasse G. I. , Magoudjou-Pekam J. N. , Nkie Esemu S. , Veneri C. , Mancini P. , Bonanno Ferraro G. , Iaconelli M. , Suffredini E. , La Rosa G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans, through foodborne, zoonotic, and waterborne transmission routes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HEV in water matrices. Six categories were defined: untreated and treated wastewater, surface water (river, lake, and seawater), drinking water, groundwater, and other water environments (irrigation water, grey water, reservoir water, flood water, and effluent of pig slaughterhouse). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, and Excerpta Medica Database. Study selection and data extraction were performed by at least two independent investigators. Heterogeneity (I2) was assessed using the χ2 test on the Cochran Q statistic and H parameter. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021289116. We included 87 prevalence studies from 58 papers, 66.4% of which performed in Europe. The overall prevalence of HEV in water was 9.8% (95% CI 6.4–13.7). The prevalence was higher in untreated wastewater (15.1%) and lower in treated wastewater (3.8%) and in drinking water (4.7%). In surface water, prevalence was 7.4%, and in groundwater, the percentage of positive samples, from only one study available, was 8.3%. Overall, only 36.8% of the studies reported the genotype of HEV, with genotype 3 (HEV-3) prevalent (168 samples), followed by HEV-1 (148 sample), and HEV-4 (2 samples). High-income countries were the most represented with 59/87 studies (67.8%), while only 3/87 (3.5%) of the studies were performed in low-income countries. The overall prevalence obtained of this study was generally higher in industrialized countries. Risk of bias was low in 14.9% of the studies and moderate in 85.1%. The results of this review showed the occurrence of HEV in different waters environments also in industrialized countries with sanitation and safe water supplies. While HEV transmission to humans through water has been widely demonstrated in developing countries, it is an issue still pending in industrialized countries. Better knowledge on the source of pollution, occurrence, survival in water, and removal by water treatment is needed to unravel this transmission path.
Graphical Abstract
Commissioning NIS 1 kN·m Primary Torque Standard Machine
Authors: Khaled K. M. , Aggag Gamal A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe presented work shows the design and evaluation of the NIS 1 kN·m primary torque standard machine. The machine covers the range up to 1000 N·m with a very wide range of torque steps thanking different 4 mass stacks. The machine has a double-side lever arm with half-moon ends to provide calibration in the clockwise and anticlockwise directions. An air bearing was used as a fulcrum to provide a low friction coefficient. FEA was used in the design and optimization process of the lever arm. The relative expanded uncertainty of the machine is 0.03% which is proved by recalibration of two reference torque transducers of 200 N·m and 1000 N·m capacity. All En values are less than unity, which reveals the competence of the developed machine.
Calibration of pneumatic multi-hole probes for transonic turbomachinery flows
Authors: Bachner Johannes R. , Pahs Andreas , Weggler Philipp , Kocian Frank , Rößling Marcel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe calibration data of a five-hole probe and a six-hole probe designed for measurements in transonic turbomachinery flows are presented. The probes feature a special base pressure hole on the back side to avoid the Mach number insensitivity of pressure probes near Mach number unity. There is only little literature available on the performance of such probes, especially in flows with large radial flow angles. To close this gap, the probes are calibrated for radial flow angles up to 32$$^\circ$$

∘

. A significant influence of this flow angle on the coefficients used for Mach number determination is shown. At large positive flow angles, the relationship between the pressure coefficient using the base pressure and the Mach number is not biunique for the six-hole probe. Therefore, an experimental study of Mach number measurement deviations is performed at the calibration wind tunnel. Different evaluation methods are examined. The sample standard deviation over 210 randomly distributed points is reduced by 66% compared to the same probe design without the base pressure hole. This is achieved using two calibration coefficients for the Mach number simultaneously in a multidimensional interpolation.
Feynman–Kac formula for perturbations of order $$\le 1$$, and noncommutative geometry
Authors: Boldt Sebastian , Güneysu Batu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLet Q be a differential operator of order $$\le 1$$

≤
1

on a complex metric vector bundle $$\mathscr {E}\rightarrow \mathscr {M}$$

E
→
M

with metric connection $$\nabla $$
∇
over a possibly noncompact Riemannian manifold $$\mathscr {M}$$
M
. Under very mild regularity assumptions on Q that guarantee that $$\nabla ^{\dagger }\nabla /2+Q$$

∇
†

∇
/
2
+
Q

canonically induces a holomorphic semigroup $$\mathrm {e}^{-zH^{\nabla }_{Q}}$$

e

-
z

H
Q
∇

in $$\Gamma _{L^2}(\mathscr {M},\mathscr {E})$$

Γ

L
2

(
M
,
E
)

(where z runs through a complex sector which contains $$[0,\infty )$$

[
0
,
∞
)

), we prove an explicit Feynman–Kac type formula for $$\mathrm {e}^{-tH^{\nabla }_{Q}}$$

e

-
t

H
Q
∇

, $$t>0$$

t
>
0

, generalizing the standard self-adjoint theory where Q is a self-adjoint zeroth order operator. For compact $$\mathscr {M}$$
M
’s we combine this formula with Berezin integration to derive a Feynman–Kac type formula for an operator trace of the form $$\begin{aligned} \mathrm {Tr}\left( \widetilde{V}\int ^t_0\mathrm {e}^{-sH^{\nabla }_{V}}P\mathrm {e}^{-(t-s)H^{\nabla }_{V}}\mathrm {d}s\right) , \end{aligned}$$

Tr

V
~

∫
0
t

e

-
s

H
V
∇

P

e

-

(
t
-
s
)

H
V
∇

d
s

,

where $$V,\widetilde{V}$$

V
,

V
~

are of zeroth order and P is of order $$\le 1$$

≤
1

. These formulae are then used to obtain a probabilistic representations of the lower order terms of the equivariant Chern character (a differential graded extension of the JLO-cocycle) of a compact even-dimensional Riemannian spin manifold, which in combination with cyclic homology play a crucial role in the context of the Duistermaat–Heckmann localization formula on the loop space of such a manifold.
From non-unitary wheeled PROPs to smooth amplitudes and generalised convolutions
Authors: Clavier Pierre J. , Foissy Loïc , Paycha Sylvie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe introduce the concept of TRAP (Traces and Permutations), which can roughly be viewed as a wheeled PROP (Products and Permutations) without unit. TRAPs are equipped with a horizontal concatenation and partial trace maps. Continuous morphisms on an infinite-dimensional topological space and smooth kernels (respectively, smoothing operators) on a closed manifold form a TRAP but not a wheeled PROP. We build the free objects in the category of TRAPs as TRAPs of graphs and show that a TRAP can be completed to a unitary TRAP (or wheeled PROP). We further show that it can be equipped with a vertical concatenation, which on the TRAP of linear homomorphisms of a vector space, amounts to the usual composition. The vertical concatenation in the TRAP of smooth kernels gives rise to generalised convolutions. Graphs whose vertices are decorated by smooth kernels (respectively, smoothing operators) on a closed manifold form a TRAP. From their universal properties we build smooth amplitudes associated with the graph.
Development of non-fullerene electron acceptors for efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: He Qiao , Kafourou Panagiota , Hu Xiantao , Heeney Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompared to fullerene based electron acceptors, n-type organic semiconductors, so-called non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), possess some distinct advantages, such as readily tuning of optical absorption and electronic energy levels, strong absorption in the visible region and good morphological stability for flexible electronic devices. The design and synthesis of new NFAs have enabled the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices to increase to around 19%. This review summarises the important breakthroughs that have contributed to this progress, focusing on three classes of NFAs, i.e. perylene diimide (PDI), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and acceptor–donor–acceptor (A-D-A) based NFAs. Specifically, the PCEs of PDI, DPP, and A-D-A series based non-fullerene OPVs have been reported up to 11%, 13% and 19%, respectively. Structure–property relationships of representative NFAs and their impact on OPV performances are discussed. Finally, we consider the remaining challenges and promising directions for achieving high-performing NFAs.
The radical ambiguity at the heart of Pierre Bourdieu’s critique of journalism
Authors: Harrison Steve 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe influence of media theorist and sociologist of the journalistic field Pierre Bourdieu has been widespread since his death in 2002 yet his relationship with journalism was at best an ambivalent one. On the one hand, he acknowledged journalism’s primary role in shaping public discourse, and his ideas have spurred on journalism researchers and writers. On the other, he authored a best-selling polemic which offered a withering analysis of what he saw as television’s malign influence over not only journalism but cultural production as a whole. Through a close reading of key texts, this paper identifies an underlying ambiguity within Bourdieu’s writings regarding the status and legitimacy of journalism. It argues that this ambiguity produces theoretical effects which work against—or at least outside—the self-declared aims of field theory to provide the tools for an objective critique of journalism by smuggling into the theory terms which are value-laden. Finally, some of the epistemological and ontological grounds on which Bourdieu’s thought has been labelled as reductionist are considered. This fresh perspective helps to re-contextualise Bourdieu’s important contribution to journalism studies.
Speciesist bias in AI: how AI applications perpetuate discrimination and unfair outcomes against animals
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo , Bossert Leonie N. , Tse Yip Fai , Singer Peter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMassive efforts are made to reduce biases in both data and algorithms to render AI applications fair. These efforts are propelled by various high-profile cases where biased algorithmic decision-making caused harm to women, people of color, minorities, etc. However, the AI fairness field still succumbs to a blind spot, namely its insensitivity to discrimination against animals. This paper is a critical comment on current fairness research in AI. It is the first to describe the ‘speciesist bias’ and investigate it in several different AI systems by reflecting on the problem via a normative analysis and by probing, in several case studies, image recognition, word embedding, and language models with established methods for bias detection. We claim that animals matter morally and that discriminating against them is unethical. Furthermore, we provide evidence for speciesist biases in all the mentioned areas of AI. We find that speciesist biases are solidified by many mainstream AI applications, especially in the fields of computer vision as well as natural language processing. In both cases, this occurs because the models are trained on datasets in which speciesist patterns prevail. Therefore, AI technologies currently play a significant role in perpetuating and normalizing violence against animals. To change this, AI fairness frameworks must widen their scope and include mitigation measures for speciesist biases. This paper addresses the AI community in this regard and stresses the influence AI systems can have on either increasing or reducing the violence that is inflicted on animals, especially on farmed animals.
Deep House - datasets, estrangement, and the problem of the new
Authors: del Campo Matias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design of the Deep House project (Fig. 1), an attempt to use estrangement as a method to emancipate a house from a canonical approach to the progressive design of a one-family house project. The main argument in this text is that the results created by Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), whether in the form of GANs, CNNs, or other networks, generate results that fall into the category of Estranged objects. In this article, I would like to offer a possible definition of what architecture in this plateau of thinking represents and how it differentiates from previous attempts to use estrangement to explain the phenomena observed when working with NNs in architecture design. A potpourri of thoughts that demonstrate the intellectual tradition of exploring estrangement, especially in theater and literature, that ultimately circles back to its implications for architecture, particularly in light of the application of AI.
Ocean Surface Wind Estimation From Waves Based on Small GPS Buoy Observations in a Bay and the Open Ocean
Authors: Shimura Tomoya , Mori Nobuhito , Baba Yasuyuki , Miyashita Takuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOcean surface wind and wave information is important in a wide variety of areas, such as coastal disaster reduction, offshore structure design, and atmosphere‐ocean flux estimation. This study proposed a new method for ocean surface wind estimation from surface wave spectrum information measured by small global positioning system buoys. The concept of this method relies on the assumption that the high‐frequency part of the ocean‐wave spectrum is proportional to where is the friction velocity and is the frequency. The determination algorithm for the coefficient of was optimized in this study. The wind direction was determined by the wave cross‐spectrum, assuming that the wind direction aligns the propagation direction of the high‐frequency part of the wave. The proposed wind estimation method was applied to bay and open ocean observations, and the performance of the proposed wind estimation method was similar between the bay and the open ocean. The proposed method improves the wind estimation especially in coastal areas and at high wind speeds in the open ocean compared with the previous method. The performance of the method of the previous study differs between the bay and open ocean due to their spectral shape differences. High‐quality wind and wave information can be obtained using the proposed method. If the mass deployment of small drifting buoys covered the global ocean, the information based on the proposed method could be considerably powerful, and could compensate for the weakness of satellite‐based wind and wave estimations.
Snowband Characteristics Associated With Lake‐Effect Misovortices During the OWLeS Project
Authors: Steiger Scott M. , Lynne Matthew , Mulholland Jake P. , Kosiba Karen A. , Wurman Joshua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVortices of diameters 100 m to 10 km have been observed during lake‐effect snowstorms. Lines of misovortices (diameters = 40–4,000 m) have recently been documented forming over Lake Ontario during long lake‐axis‐parallel (LLAP)‐type lake‐effect storms. Using National Weather Service Weather Surveillance Radar—1988 Doppler (WSR‐88D) and Doppler on Wheels radar data from the Ontario Winter Lake‐effect Systems (OWLeS) project, lines of misovortices (also referred to as “misovortex lines” in this study) were investigated for intensive observation period (IOP)7 (7 January 2014) and IOP9 (9 January 2014). Results revealed that the misovortex lines formed on the southern or northern side of the west‐to‐east‐oriented LLAP band, whichever was closest to a low‐level boundary nearest the corresponding south or north shoreline (northern part in IOP7, southern part in IOP9). Examination of these two IOPs in the context of a total of 23 OWLeS IOPs, 11 of which had predominantly LLAP band morphology, showed that, in 4 of the 11 LLAP IOPs, horizontal shear zones/reflectivity bands formed in preferred regions over Lake Ontario and nearby land areas where low‐level boundaries (e.g., land breeze fronts) have been noted to develop near shoreline irregularities. Horizontal shear zones were predominant in approximately half of the OWLeS LLAP IOPs and were associated with storms having a well‐organized, solid banded reflectivity structure. Misovortices occurred when horizontal shear zones were prevalent, supporting the idea that horizontal shearing instability was important to their formation.
Fabrication and in vivo 2-photon microscopy validation of transparent PEDOT:PSS microelectrode arrays
Authors: Dijk Gerwin , Kaszas Attila , Pas Jolien , O’Connor Rodney Philip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransparent microelectrode arrays enable simultaneous electrical recording and optical imaging of neuronal networks in the brain. Electrodes made of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are transparent; however, device fabrication necessitates specific processes to avoid deterioration of the organic material. Here, we present an innovative fabrication scheme for a neural probe that consists of transparent PEDOT:PSS electrodes and demonstrate its compatibility with 2-photon microscopy. The electrodes show suitable impedance to record local field potentials from the cortex of mice and sufficient transparency to visualize GCaMP6f-expressing neurons underneath the PEDOT:PSS features. The results validate the performance of the neural probe, which paves the way to study the complex dynamics of in vivo neuronal activity with both a high spatial and temporal resolution to better understand the brain.
Insulin signaling as a therapeutic mechanism of lithium in bipolar disorder
Authors: Campbell Iain H. , Campbell Harry , Smith Daniel J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose that lithium may exert its therapeutic effect in bipolar disorder by acting on insulin signaling pathways. Specifically, we assess the importance of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt) insulin signaling pathway and we assess how the action of lithium on both glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) and the phosphatidylinositol cycle may lead to mood stabilization mediated by PI3K/Akt insulin signaling. We also highlight evidence that several other actions of lithium (including effects on Akt, Protein kinase C (PKC), and sodium myo-inositol transporters) are putative mediators of insulin signaling. This novel mode of action of lithium is consistent with an emerging consensus that energy dysregulation represents a core deficit in bipolar disorder. It may also provide context for the significant co-morbidity between bipolar disorder, type 2 diabetes, and other forms of metabolic illness characterized by impaired glucose metabolism. It is suggested that developments in assessing neuronal insulin signaling using extracellular vesicles would allow for this hypothesis to be tested in bipolar disorder patients.
Microbiome-derived antimicrobial peptides offer therapeutic solutions for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
Authors: Mulkern Adam J. , Oyama Linda B. , Cookson Alan R. , Creevey Christopher J. , Wilkinson Toby J. , Olleik Hamza , Maresca Marc , da Silva Giarla C. , Fontes Patricia P. , Bazzolli Denise M. S. , Mantovani Hilario C. , Damaris Bamu F. , Mur Luis A. J. , Huws Sharon A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrobiomes are rife for biotechnological exploitation, particularly the rumen microbiome, due to their complexicity and diversity. In this study, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from the rumen microbiome (Lynronne 1, 2, 3 and P15s) were assessed for their therapeutic potential against seven clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All AMPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against all strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 4–512 µg/mL. Time-kill kinetics of all AMPs at 3× MIC values against strains PAO1 and LES431 showed complete kill within 10 min to 4 h, although P15s was not bactericidal against PAO1. All AMPs significantly inhibited biofilm formation by strains PAO1 and LES431, and induction of resistance assays showed no decrease in activity against these strains. AMP cytotoxicity against human lung cells was also minimal. In terms of mechanism of action, the AMPs showed affinity towards PAO1 and LES431 bacterial membrane lipids, efficiently permeabilising the P. aeruginosa membrane. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed increased catalytic activity at the cell membrane and promotion of β-oxidation of fatty acids. Finally, tests performed with the Galleria mellonella infection model showed that Lynronne 1 and 2 were efficacious in vivo, with a 100% survival rate following treatment at 32 mg/kg and 128 mg/kg, respectively. This study illustrates the therapeutic potential of microbiome-derived AMPs against P. aeruginosa infections.
Biomarker characterization of clinical subtypes of Parkinson Disease
Authors: Deng Xiao , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Liu Nan , Xiao Bin , Allen John Carson , Ng Samuel Yong Ern , Chia Nicole , Tan Yi Jayne , Choi Xinyi , Heng Dede Liana , Lo Yew-long , Xu Zheyu , Tay Kay-Yaw , Au Wing-Lok , Ng Adeline , Tan Eng-King , Tan Louis C. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe biological underpinnings of the PD clusters remain unknown as the existing PD clusters lacks biomarker characterization. We try to identify clinical subtypes of Parkinson Disease (PD) in an Asian cohort and characterize them by comparing clinical assessments, genetic status and blood biochemical markers. A total of 206 PD patients were included from a multi-centre Asian cohort. Hierarchical clustering was performed to generate PD subtypes. Clinical and biological characterization of the subtypes were performed by comparing clinical assessments, allelic distributions of Asian related PD gene (SNCA, LRRK2, Park16, ITPKB, SV2C) and blood biochemical markers. Hierarchical clustering method identified three clusters: cluster A (severe subtype in motor, non-motor and cognitive domains), cluster B (intermediate subtype with cognitive impairment and mild non-motor symptoms) and cluster C (mild subtype and young age of onset). The three clusters had significantly different allele frequencies in two SNPs (Park16 rs6679073 A allele carriers in cluster A B C: 67%, 74%, 89%, p = 0.015; SV2C rs246814 T allele distribution: 7%, 12%, 25%, p = 0.026). Serum homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also significantly different among three clusters (Mean levels of Hcy and CRP among cluster A B C were: 19.4 ± 4.2, 18.4 ± 5.7, 15.6 ± 5.6, adjusted p = 0.005; 2.5 ± 5.0, 1.5 ± 2.4, 0.9 ± 2.1, adjusted p < 0.0001, respectively). Of the 3 subtypes identified amongst early PD patients, the severe subtype was associated with significantly lower frequency of Park16 and SV2C alleles and higher levels of Hcy and CRP. These biomarkers may be useful to stratify PD subtypes and identify more severe subtypes.