bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient time‐modulated OFDM directional modulation transmitters
Authors: Hou Jiayu , Purushothama Jayakrishnan M. , Fan Haijun , Song Chaoyun , Ding Yuan , Sellathurai Mathini 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a reconfigurable power divider (RPD) enabled energy efficient direction modulation (DM) transmitter for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated data transmission is proposed. The RPD can smartly select the output ports and operate as a power divider or a switch with appropriate control conditions. Hence, the RPD is able to recycle the energy in the ‘OFF’ state antennas, which is otherwise wasted in the conventional DM transmitter constructed using a fixed power divider and switches. It has been shown in a 4‐element array example that the newly proposed RPD‐based OFDM DM transmitter can provide 1.5–7.8 dB SNR gains (or in the other way, reducing power consumption by 1.5–7.8 dB) for different excitation strategies.
A new wiggly technique for ultra‐wideband two‐line directional couplers
Authors: Abbaszadeh Saber , Pahlavan Payman , Jalali Mohsen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this letter, a new wiggly structure of two‐line directional couplers is presented in which the coupling part of the coupler has a saw‐tooth with rectangular edges. It has been shown that this method can offer advantages of both saw‐tooth and rectangular counterparts with phase velocity compensation over a wider frequency range and a lower possibility of deformations. To evaluate the proposed approach, a 21 dB directional coupler at the frequency range of 4–8 GHz is designed and fabricated on a RO4003C board.
Understanding the use and tolerance of a pediatric and an adult commercial blenderized enteral formula through real‐world data
Authors: Steel Cindy , Wile Heather , Li Olivia , Yedulla Swapna , Hare Ian , Hopkins Bethany 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHome enteral nutrition (HEN) is frequently prescribed to individuals who cannot consume adequate food orally. Commercial blenderized enteral formulas (CBEF) containing real‐food ingredients are becoming more popular and more widely available; however, the demographics of patients receiving these formulas have rarely been evaluated, and little data are available on patient tolerance in the community.MethodsUS claims data were obtained for children and adolescents/adults who used the CBEF of interest as the sole source of nutrition via enteral feeding tube in the community setting following discharge from acute care. Demographics, concomitant medications, clinical diagnoses, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were tabulated using descriptive statistics. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms before and after hospital discharge were compared using significance tests.ResultsThe study included 231 participants (180 children, 51 adolescents/adults). CBEFs were prescribed to patients with a variety of diagnoses, of which the most common were digestive and respiratory disorders. Children experienced significantly lower rates of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distension in the weeks following hospital discharge compared with the baseline (all P < 0.001). Adolescents/adults experienced significantly lower rates of constipation, nausea, and vomiting (all P < 0.05). Neither group increased their usage of GI medications following hospital discharge.ConclusionThese CBEFs, based on real‐food ingredients, were prescribed to diverse patients in the community and were well tolerated. These formulas offer an alternative to standard polymeric formulas and an alternative or adjunct to homemade blenderized formulas.
Beyond values: How emotions, anthropomorphism, beliefs and knowledge relate to the acceptability of native and non‐native species management in cities
Authors: Straka Tanja M. , Bach Luise , Klisch Ulrike , Egerer Monika H. , Fischer Leonie K. , Kowarik Ingo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Managing non‐native species in cities is often controversial because these species can support both ecosystem services and disservices. Yet, how the acceptability of non‐native species management by the general public differs in relation to native species, to distance (i.e. close to residence and elsewhere) and among plants and animals is understudied. Furthermore, while values, beliefs and knowledge are often considered in this context, psychometric factors such as emotions and anthropomorphic views have received little attention.

We surveyed 658 residents in Berlin, Germany, to assess (i) the acceptability of management actions differing in their severity for non‐native plants and animals compared to native species with similar traits, (ii) the influence of perceived distance of species (i.e. close to residence and elsewhere) and (iii) the predictive potential of psychometric (i.e. values, beliefs, self‐assessed knowledge, emotions and anthropomorphism) and socio‐demographic factors for this acceptability.

Eradication (i.e. lethal control/removal) was generally the least accepted management action, but more accepted for non‐native than native species. Distance mattered for the acceptability of non‐native plant management with unspecified control action the most accepted management action close to residence.

While values (self‐transcendence and conservation) mostly explained the acceptability of doing nothing and eradication, emotions related strongly to all management actions. Beliefs were more important than self‐assessed knowledge in relation to non‐native species management and beliefs about non‐native plants and animals were rated almost similar. Anthropomorphic views had predictive potential for plants and animals; that is, the stronger people held anthropomorphic views, the less they accepted eradication. Participants with a garden supported doing nothing with plants (native and non‐native) more than without.

Results highlight the complexity of factors underlying the acceptability of management actions on species in cities. While values, beliefs and self‐assessed knowledge are important in the context of species management, other psychometric factors add to our understanding of acceptability. We conclude that awareness about different acceptability patterns related to species management can support environmental policies on biological invasions in cities. Tailoring and implementing adequate management actions can benefit from incorporating cognitive but also affective factors of the public.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Encapsulation of anti‐viral active material for plant protection based on inverse Pickering emulsions
Authors: Mani Karthik Ananth , Berenice Meche , Yaakov Noga , Feldbaum Reut Amar , Kotliarevsk Liliya , Naftali Shoham Matsrafi , Belausov Eduard , Zelinger Einat , Fallik Elazar , Dombrovsky Aviv , Mechrez Guy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study presents anti‐viral coating formulations based on Pickering emulsion. We used a versatile strategy to produce a stable Pickering emulsion by depletion interaction between an emulsion droplet and a particle using solvent‐soluble polymers as a depletant. This interaction facilitates the adsorption of particles onto the droplet interface and stabilizes the emulsions. The coating formulation is based on water‐in‐toluene emulsions stabilized using commercial hydrophobic silica, with polycaprolactone polymer as a depletant dissolved in toluene. The structure of the emulsions and their stability were characterized by confocal microscopy, centrifugal analysis using a LUMiSizer®, and cryogenic‐scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐SEM) used to confirm the depletion phenomenon. The active materials copper oxychloride and propionic acid were incorporated into the most stable water‐in‐toluene emulsion and applied to the polycarbonate surfaces after being oven‐dried to remove the toluene while leaving the colloidosomes template with the active ingredient needed to resist viral infections. The bio‐assay of the copper oxychloride and propionic acid encapsulated samples were carried out on Nicotiana tabaccum var Xanthi plants. At a 6–7 leaf stage, Young plants of Xanthi were subjected to inoculation with the 0.01 M sodium‐phosphate pH = 7.0 containing ToBRFV from each of the coated surfaces. The inoculated plants were dusted with carborundum to enhance virus infection, and three leaves above the two lowest leaves in each plant were rubbed. Local lesions were apparent at ~4 days post‐inoculation, indicating virus count. The formulation encapsulated with copper oxychloride gave 87% protection, whereas the one with propionic acid dissolved conferred 91% protection from infestation.
The proteome of clear cell ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Ji Jennifer X , Cochrane Dawn R , Negri Gian Luca , Colborne Shane , Spencer Miko Sandra E , Hoang Lynn N , Farnell David , Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Huvila Jutta , Thompson Emily , Leung Samuel , Chiu Derek , Chow Christine , Ta Monica , Köbel Martin , Feil Lucas , Anglesio Michael , Goode Ellen L , Bolton Kelly , Morin Gregg B , Huntsman David G 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) is the second most common subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Late‐stage CCOC is not responsive to gold‐standard chemotherapy and results in suboptimal outcomes for patients. In‐depth molecular insight is urgently needed to stratify the disease and drive therapeutic development. We conducted global proteomics for 192 cases of CCOC and compared these with other epithelial ovarian carcinoma subtypes. Our results showed distinct proteomic differences in CCOC compared with other epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes including alterations in lipid and purine metabolism pathways. Furthermore, we report potential clinically significant proteomic subgroups within CCOC, suggesting the biologic plausibility of stratified treatment for this cancer. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the CCOC proteomic landscape to facilitate future understanding and research of this disease. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Rapid authentication of Chaenomeles species by visual volatile components fingerprints based on headspace gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry combined with chemometric analysis
Authors: Tian Shanming , Guo Huanying , Zhang Minmin , Yan Huijiao , Wang Xiao , Zhao Hengqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionChaenomeles, including Chaenomeles speciosa (ZP), Chaenomeles sinensis (GP), Chaenomeles tibetica (XZ), and Chaenomeles japonica (RB), has been widely used as food in China for thousands of years. However, only ZP, was recorded to be the authentic medicinal Chaenomeles. Therefore, the rapid and accurate method for the authenticity identification of Chaenomeles species is urgently needed.ObjectiveTo develop a method for rapid differentiation of Chaenomeles species.MethodsThe visual volatile components fingerprints based on headspace gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) combined with chemometric analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), were utilised for the authentication of Chaenomeles species.ResultsThe visual volatile components fingerprints by the GC‐IMS intuitively showed the distribution features of the volatile components for different Chaenomeles samples. The LDA and PLS‐DA models successfully discriminated Chaenomeles species with original discrimination accuracy of 100%. Fifteen volatile compounds (VOCs) (peaks 9, 12, 13, 19, 23, 24, 35, 48, 57, 65, 67, 76, 79, 80, 83) were selected as the potential species‐specific markers of Chaenomeles via variable importance of projection (VIP > 1.2) and one‐way analysis of variance (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study showed that the visual volatile components fingerprints by HS‐GC‐IMS combined with chemometric analysis is a meaningful method in the Chaenomeles species authentication.
Structure and properties of flame‐retardant Lyocell fibers prepared by blending method
Authors: Yang Gesheng , Peng Kang , Zhang Huihui , Song Xuejiao , Zhou Yi , Shao Huili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo flame retardants, melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and modified melamine cyanurate (MCA), were examined and added to a cellulose solution to fabricate flame‐retardant Lyocell fibers Lyocell‐MPP and Lyocell‐MCA, respectively, via dry–wet spinning. Compared with the non‐modified Lyocell fiber (without flame retardant), the flame‐retardant fibers produced a higher amount of carbon residue during combustion, whereas the heat release capacity, peak heat release rate, and total heat release decreased, indicating that the flame‐retardant fibers present a lower fire risk. The limit oxygen index values of Lyocell‐MPP and Lyocell‐MCA were 26.5% and 27.1%, respectively, complying with the flame‐retardant standard. The crystallinity and mechanical properties of the flame‐retardant fibers decreased relative to those of the non‐modified Lyocell fiber. Furthermore, the wearability of the flame‐retardant fibers was studied—both flame‐retardant fibers displayed good washing resistance properties and improved hygroscopicity but a lower dyeing performance than the non‐modified Lyocell fiber.
Optical metasurfaces made by cell projection lithography
Authors: Hädrich Mathias , Siefke Thomas , Banasch Michael , Zeitner Uwe D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMetasurfaces offer promising possibilities for emerging photonic applications like see‐through, near‐eye displays. Vistec Electron Beam lithography systems with variable shaped beam (VSB) and cell projection (CP) technology provide a flexible solution to generate repetitive structures on large substrates. Excellent pattern fidelity is achieved in a feasible write‐time, enabling prototyping or the manufacturing of replication masters.
Azadirachtin inhibits the development and metabolism of the silk glands of Spodoptera frugiperda and affects spinning behavior
Authors: Zhao Weihua , Zheng Qun , Qin Deqiang , Luo Peiru , Ye Cuiyi , Shen Shigang , Cheng Dongmei , Huang Suqing , Liu Lihui , Xu Hanhong , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpodoptera frugiperda is a major agricultural pest, and the dispersal of its larvae by spinning silk is one of the causes of crop damage. At present, there are relatively few reports of pest control that affect larvae spinning silk. In this study, the effect of spinning behavior of the S. frugiperda larvae was investigated through a series of experiments.RESULTSThe 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda were exposed to azadirachtin, and the pathological changes in the silk glands of S. frugiperda and the differences in their metabolites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, histological sectioning, transmission electron microscopy and metabolomics. The results showed that azadirachtin could affect the silk gland of S. frugiperda. After 48 h of treatment with azadirachtin, the silk gland lumen of S. frugiperda appeared vacuolated. KEGG showed that 31 different metabolites were identified, of which 12 were upregulated and 19 were downregulated. These metabolites were enriched in 15 different metabolic pathways, which indicated that the silk gland of S. frugiperda was closely related to the formation of fatty acids and energy metabolism for the silk formation process.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides a preliminary report of the effect of azadirachtin on the spinning behavior of the S. frugiperda larvae. Metabolomic results indicated that histidine, glycine and leucine, which are related to serine protein synthesis, were down‐regulated. Azadirachtin can damage the silk glands of S. frugiperda and thus affect spinning behavior. This provides the basis for the control of S. frugiperda by spinning silk. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Should the two‐trial paradigm still be the gold standard in drug assessment?
Authors: Zhan Stella Jinran , Kunz Cornelia Ursula , Stallard Nigel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTwo significant pivotal trials are usually required for a new drug approval by a regulatory agency. This standard requirement is known as the two‐trial paradigm. However, several authors have questioned why we need exactly two pivotal trials, what statistical error the regulators are trying to protect against, and potential alternative approaches. Therefore, it is important to investigate these questions to better understand the regulatory decision‐making in the assessment of drugs' effectiveness. It is common that two identically designed trials are run solely to adhere to the two‐trial rule. Previous work showed that combining the data from the two trials into a single trial (one‐trial paradigm) would increase the power while ensuring the same level of type I error protection as the two‐trial paradigm. However, this is true only under a specific scenario and there is little investigation on the type I error protection over the whole null region. In this article, we compare the two paradigms by considering scenarios in which the two trials are conducted in identical or different populations as well as with equal or unequal size. With identical populations, the results show that a single trial provides better type I error protection and higher power. Conversely, with different populations, although the one‐trial rule is more powerful in some cases, it does not always protect against the type I error. Hence, there is the need for appropriate flexibility around the two‐trial paradigm and the appropriate approach should be chosen based on the questions we are interested in.
Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in atherosclerosis: A review
Authors: Liu Huimei , Zhu Li , Chen Linxi , Li Lanfang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the onset of endothelial cell damage and is characterized by abnormal accumulation of fibrinogen and lipid in large and middle arteries. Recent researches indicate that traditional Chinese medicine including Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Fructus Crataegi, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Fructus Lycii, and Coptidis Rhizoma have therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the pharmacological roles of these kinds of traditional Chinese medicine in atherosclerosis refer to endothelial function influences, cell proliferation and migration, platelet aggregation, thrombus formation, oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and the gut microbiome. Traditional Chinese medicine may serve as potential and effective anti‐atherosclerosis drugs. However, a critical study has shown that Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma may also have toxic effects including pustules, fever, and elevate circulating neutrophil count. Further high‐quality studies are still required to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients.
Robust sequential experimental strategy for black‐box optimization with application to hyperparameter tuning
Authors: Sunder Gautham , Albrecht Thomas A. , Nachtsheim Christopher J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobal optimization of expensive, noisy black‐box functions is a problem of significant interest and is used extensively in applications such as hyperparameter optimization (HPO) of machine learning models. Response Surface Optimization (RSO) and Bayesian Optimization (BO) are two highly efficient model‐based experimentation strategies for optimizing expensive, noisy black‐box functions. The run‐size efficiency of both RSO and BO is critically dependent on the fitness of the surrogate model in approximating the true response function. In this regard, both RSO and BO deliberately choose initial designs that are optimal for estimating the assumed surrogate model and their sequential design strategy is aimed at further refining the surrogate model estimate. As a result, a design strategy that is optimal for one is not necessarily optimal for the other. In this study, we propose Compound‐RSO, a model‐robust, three‐stage experimental strategy for optimizing noisy black‐box functions with continuous experimental factors. Compound‐RSO is a hybrid strategy between RSO and BO which empirically estimates the complexity of the black‐box function and chooses the appropriate strategy between them. We propose robust designs that are highly efficient for estimating a second‐order polynomial model and that simultaneously maximize the power of the Lack‐of‐Fit test to determine the inadequacies of a second‐order approximation. Additionally, we propose a trust‐region‐based‐adaptive experimentation strategy for optimizing a second‐order response function. Through our simulation study we illustrate that the proposed Compound‐RSO strategy is more efficient than BO when the response function is second‐order, and performs comparably to BO when the response function is complex. Lastly, a case study on HPO of Deep Neural Networks (DDNs) in the context of visual quality inspections at a medical device manufacturer further illustrates the utility of the proposed Compound‐RSO strategy.
Existence of stationary ballistic deposition on the infinite lattice
Authors: Chatterjee Sourav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBallistic deposition is one of the many models of interface growth that are believed to be in the KPZ universality class, but have so far proved to be largely intractable mathematically. In this model, blocks of size one fall independently as Poisson processes at each site on the ‐dimensional lattice, and either attach themselves to the column growing at that site, or to the side of an adjacent column, whichever comes first. It is not hard to see that if we subtract off the height of the column at the origin from the heights of the other columns, the resulting interface process is Markovian. The main result of this article is that this Markov process has at least one invariant probability measure. We conjecture that the invariant measure is not unique, and provide some partial evidence.