bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional Lexicon in Down Syndrome
Authors: Declercq Christelle , Pochon Régis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We studied comprehension of emotion versus concrete/abstract words in Down syndrome (DS). Study 1 compared 26 participants with DS and 26 typically developing (TD) children matched on verbal ability. Results showed no difference between groups. Study 2 assessed whether chronological age (CA) and (non)verbal abilities predicted developmental trajectories of comprehension in 36 children with DS and 143 TD children. For the latter, these variables predicted comprehension of all three word types. For the former, receptive vocabulary predicted comprehension of all word types, but CA and nonverbal reasoning only predicted comprehension of concrete words. This suggests that people with DS have no specific emotional lexicon deficit. Supporting their general lexical development would help them access abstract and emotional meanings.
Nitric oxide versus epoprostenol for refractory hypoxemia in Covid-19
Authors: Poonam Pai B. H. , Koscik Rebecca , Nguyen Trong , Rikhi Shefali , Lin Hung-Mo 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To compare the efficacy and outcomes with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and inhaled epoprostenol (iEPO) in patients with refractory hypoxemia due to COVID-19.

Design
Retrospective Cohort Study.

Setting
Single health system multicenter academic teaching hospitals.

Patients OR subjects
Age group of 18–80 years admitted to the medical ICU.

Interventions
Mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 infection, who received either iNO or iEPO between March 1st, 2020, and June 30th, 2020.

Measurements and main results
The primary outcome was the change in the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio 1 hour after initiation of pulmonary vasodilator therapy. Secondary outcomes include P/F ratios on days 1–3 after initiation, positive response in P/F ratio (increase of at least 20% in PaO2), total days of treatment, rebound hypoxemia (if there was a drop in oxygen saturation after treatment was stopped), ventilator free days (if any patient was extubated), days in ICU, days to extubation, days to tracheostomy, mortality days after intubation, 30-day survival and mortality. 183 patients were excluded, as they received both iNO and iEPO. Of the remaining 103 patients, 62 received iEPO and 41 received iNO. The severity of ARDS was similar in both groups. Change in P/F ratio at one hour was 116 (70.3) with iNO and 107 (57.6) with iEPO (Mean/SD). Twenty-two (53.7%) patients in the iNO group and 25 (40.3%) in the iEPO group were responders to pulmonary vasodilators n(%)(p = 0.152) (more than 20% increase in partial pressure of oxygen, Pao2), and 18 (43.9%) and 31 (50%) patients in the iNO and iEPO group (p = 0.685), respectively, had rebound hypoxemia. Only 7 patients in the cohort achieved ventilator free days (3 in the iEPO group and 4 in iNO group).

Conclusions
We found no significant difference between iNO and iEPO in terms of change in P/F ratio, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU, in-hospital mortality in this cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. Larger, prospective studies are necessary to validate these results.
GOVERNANCE AND THE NEW BRAZILIAN LAW ON PUBLIC BIDDING AND CONTRACTS: THE POTENTIAL LIMITATION OF COMPETITION UNDER DEBATE
Authors: Prieur Julien , Garbaccio Grace , Marques Bruno 
Published: June 2022

Contextualization: The new model of State, which is based more on the stereotype of a constitutional State, imposes an objective of not allowing any constitutional directive to be distorted by the Public Administration. Thus, a recent discussion has been raised among Brazilian academics, following the presentation by the new Law of Acquisition of Public Services and Products; Law 4.253/2020, already approved, which focuses on the requirement of governance by state suppliers, in the same way as is already required of private companies.
Objectives: This article aims to demonstrate how the concept of Public Administration is constantly changing in the face of the various state models adopted. Thus, a requirement such as governance by State suppliers cannot be considered inexcusable, especially in light of the principle of neutrality that should permeate the entire Public Administration.
Methodology: This is a dogmatic study using the dialectical-inductive method of discourse analysis, and content provided by the availability bibliography.
Result: This study discusses how, in the 21st Century any governance requirement that results in a restriction of competitiveness it is considered inconceivable. The assumption of a governance requirement, despite its compatibility with the transparency of the contracts of the century, can never result in a reduction in competitiveness between public providers. This new law should ensure that a certain certiﬁ cate of governance can only be one that is already provided by the Public Administration itself, unless this requirement is imposed after the contractual agreement with the Administration.
LIVRE CONVENCIMENTO JUDICIAL E VERDADE: CRÍTICA HERMENÊUTICA ÀS TEORIAS DE FERRAJOLI, TARUFFO E GUZMÁN
Authors: Streck Lenio , Jung Luã 
Published: June 2022

Contextualização: O conceito de livre convencimento judicial é tão institucionalizado no direito brasileiro quanto incompreendido. Nesse sentido, a sua banalização no âmbito judicial e também doutrinário dá azo à discricionariedade.
Objetivo: No presente texto, objetiva-se realizar uma análise acerca dos pressupostos teóricos que sustentam o conceito de livre convencimento judicial, na legislação e no imaginário do direito brasileiro.
Metodologia: O método adotado foi o fenomenológico hermenêutico.
Resultado: Como resultado da pesquisa, conclui-se que a defesa teórica do conceito de livre convencimento se revela insuﬁciente diante dos contra-argumentos apresentados e se sugere um novo modelo de racionalidade judicial pautado pela necessidade epistêmica e política de justiﬁcação.
CONSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN DEL DERECHO EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Grados Guido 
Published: June 2022

Contextualización: El fenómeno de la Constitucionalización del Derecho se ha dado en el Perú y en casi todos los estados constitucionales de Derecho. Ha signiﬁ cado el despertar de la Constitución Jurídica, la búsqueda de la eﬁ cacia de los Derechos Fundamentales y el predominio de la Jurisprudencia Constitucional como fuente del Derecho.
Objetivo: De esta forma, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la constitucionalización de los derechos en el Perú.
Metodología: El método adoptado fue el hipotéticodeductivo y la investigación hizo uso de la revisión bibliográﬁca, analizando la evolución doctrinal, así como el posicionamiento de la Corte Constitucional en el Perú.
Resultado: Se concluyó que la Constitución dejó de tener un papel enunciativo y declarativo para ser la medida de toda la juridicidad. Con una diferencia no menor. Mientras la ley es una norma, casi siempre, completa, precisa y concreta, ahora su lugar ha sido ocupado por el texto constitucional que por naturaleza es incompleto, impreciso y general. Resultado, existe la necesidad de que el texto constitucional sea desarrollado, desglosado y adecuado a las nuevas exigencias.
Penyelesaian Soal Geometri Analitik Mahasiswa Ditinjau dari Karakteristik Cara Berpikir
Authors: Azka Raekha , Nurvitasari Ika , Permatasari Dian 
Published: June 2022

Geometri analitik merupakan mata kuliah wajib yang harus ditempuh mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika. Penyelesaian persoalan geometri menjadi salah satu hal yang harus dipunyai oleh mahasiswa. Karakteristik cara berpikir mahasiswa perlu diketahui agar dapat melihat perbedaan dalam penyelesaian soal maupun dalam penerimaan konsep-konsep. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan melihat lebih jauh karakter cara berpikir mahasiswa dalam penyelesaian soal geometri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis deskriptif di mana jumlah mahasiswa yang diteliti berjumlah 31 orang dengan mahasiswa wawancara dipilih 8 orang. Dilakukan 2 buah tes yaitu tes mengenai persoalan geometri analitik dan tes untuk melihat tipe cara berpikir mahasiswa. Dari hasil data didapat tipe berpikir mahasiswa ada 4 yaitu Sekuensial kongkret, Sekuensial Abstrak, Acak kongkret, Acak abstrak serta 2 tipe campuran yaitu Acak kongkret Acak abstrak dan Acak kongkret, Acak abstrak Acak abstrak. Masing - masing tipe mempunyai cara penyelesaian berbeda dan pemahaman berbeda mengenai persoalan geometri analitik ditinjau dari proses pengerjaannya, teknik dan ketelitian.
Analysis of associations of genetic markers with the development of congenital scoliosis
Authors: Klyuchnikov D. Yu. , Filatov E. Yu. , Tyumin I. V. , Tyumina O. V. 
Published: June 2022

Objective. To study the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs6570507 in GPR126 gene, rs1800795 in IL-6 gene, rs1800469 in TGFB1 gene, rs731236 in VDR gene, rs625039 and rs11598564 polymorphisms in LBX1 gene, and rs12946942 in SOX9 gene with congenital scoliosis.Material and Methods. The study included 90 patients with verified congenital anomalies of the spine (single and multiple malformations of the spine, ICD-10 Code: Q76.3) and 157 clinically healthy volunteers without diagnosed spinal deformity and without family history of spinal malformations or osteoarticular system diseases. Molecular genetic testing was performed by PCR with real-time registration of a signal from the developed oligonucleotides used to determine rs6570507, rs1800795, rs1800469, rs625039, rs11598564, rs12946942, and rs731236 polymorphisms. Reference sequences were selected from the dbSNP database, and sequence design was performed on the BLAST platform. Data analysis was performed using the R free software computing environment. Data were compared using Pearson’s c2 test, and 95 % confidence interval limits were calculated to assess the significance of OR.Results. Statistically significant association of the G allele and GG genotype of the rs1800795 polymorphism in the interleukin-6 gene with congenital scoliosis was found in group of Russian patients (p < 0.001). No significant association of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic variants of rs6570507, rs1800469, rs625039, rs11598564, rs12946942, and rs731236 with congenital scoliosis was found.Conclusion. The rs1800795 polymorphism can be considered as a promising marker for molecular genetic diagnostics of congenital scoliosis.
Functional state of the diaphragm in patients with cervical spinal cord injury at the stages of respiratory support
Authors: Statsenko I. A. , Lebedeva M. N. , Palmash A. V. 
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze the role of the functional state of the diaphragm in patients with cervical spinal cord injury at the stages of respiratory support and to substantiate additional criteria for their readiness to transfer to spontaneous breathing.Material and Methods. The state of the diaphragm was assessed by ultrasound in 24 patients with spinal cord injury. The excursion of the diaphragm during quiet breathing, the excursion and thickness of the diaphragm during forced breathing, and the change in forced expiratory volume from the moment of admission till the end of mechanical ventilation were analyzed.Results. On the first day, on the background of mechanical ventilation, there was a significant decrease in the excursion and thickness of the diaphragm during forced breathing (p = 0.002; p = 0.008) which persisted up to 3 days (p < 0.001; p < 0.001); by the fifth day of mechanical ventilation, the indicators increased to the initial levels (p = 0.112; p = 0.433); and by the 10th day they exceeded the initial values (p < 0.001). When comparing the excursion and thickness of the diaphragm during the transfer of patients to spontaneous breathing with the data on their admission, a significant difference was obtained (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). The dynamics of forced expiratory volume indicators was similar to those of diaphragm excursion during forced breathing.Conclusion. A peculiarity of the functional state of the diaphragm in patients with cervical spinal cord injury in the acute period was a significant decrease in diaphragm excursion and the development of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) associated with mechanical ventilation in replacement modes. The tactics of early tracheostomy and the use of auxiliary ventilation modes determined the absence of progression of VIDD during prolonged mechanical ventilation. The presence of a strong correlation between the diaphragm excursion during forced breathing and the forced expiratory volume allows concluding that these indicators can be additional objective criteria for the readiness of patients with cervical SC injury to transfer to spontaneous breathing, since they reflect not only the functional state of the diaphragm, but also the state of the lung tissue.
Actual tactical classifications of the infectious inflammatory lesions of the cervical spine and their use on the example of a series of 24 cases
Authors: Bazarov A. Yu. 
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze the known classifications of infectious and inflammatory lesions of the cervical spine using the example of the author’s clinical material.Material and Methods. Data on the results of treatment of 24 patients with lesions of the cervical spine were analyzed. Classifications proposed by groups of authors led by L. Homagk (2016) E. Pola (2017), M. Akbar (2012) and H. Almansour (2020) were used for comparison.Results. Out of 24 patients with osteomyelitis of the cervical spine, monosegmental lesions were observed in 15, polysegmental – in 5, multilevel – in 2, and multilevel polysegmental lesions – in 2 cases. The C5–C6 segment was affected in 70.8 % of cases. Sepsis was diagnosed in 2 (8.3 %) patients. One case was not classified, as there was a lesion of the C1–C2 segment. The total number of neurological deficit was 16 (66.7 %). Twenty (83.3 %) patients were admitted with the acute form of the disease, and 4 (16.7 %) patients with the chronic form. Surgery was performed in 20 (83.3 %) patients. Hospital mortality was 8.3 % (n = 2), 91.7 % (n = 22) of patients recovered. The analysis of the classifications presented above was carried out, and proposals for their use were outlined.Conclusion. «New Classification of Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis» by Pola et al., a modified classification with specification of instability criteria and adaptation of surgical methods of treatment for the cervical spine allows applying it as the main treatment and diagnostic algorithm.
Acute oxygen desaturation characterizes pulmonary aspiration in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Weerasinghe Daminda P. , Burton Leticia , Chicco Peter , Pearson Mark , Mackey Douglas J. , Falk Gregory L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterise pulmonary aspiration of refluxate in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) by continuous pulse oximetry (SpO2) during the supine phase of a scintigraphic reflux study. Variables assessed for significance included age, hiatus hernia, frequency, amplitude of reflux and clearance of reflux from the oesophagus/pharynx. The patients included in this study had established GORD and LPR by clinical history. All patients underwent fused three‐ dimensional scintigraphic/ X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and simultaneous continuous pulse oximetry when supine for 30 minutes. A total of 265 patients (40.4% M, 59.6% F) were studied. Mean age of aspirators was 57.0 years and non‐aspirators was 53.5 years. Seven patients had baseline oxygen saturation <95%, with 6/7 showing aspiration by scintigraphy. The remainder had mean baseline saturation of 97.7%. Continuous SpO2 monitoring showed a significant fall in pulmonary aspirators after 20 min of supine acquisition with significant variability. Analysis revealed a cyclic event every 1.5 min in aspirators only. Panel regression analysis showed a significant effect of age, hiatus hernia, pulse rate and reflux frequency on the fall in SpO2. Pulmonary aspiration in patients with LPR and GORD is characterised by acute oxygen desaturation. Variables affecting oxygen desaturation were age, hiatus hernia, pulse rate and reflux frequency. A cyclic event was observed every 1.5 min in aspirators and may be due to reflex homeostatic mechanism attempting to correct perceived hypoxia.
Effect of natural-based biological hydrogels combined with growth factors on skin wound healing
Authors: Wang Feng , Gao Yu , Li Hao , Zhou Lihui , Shi Huijing , Feng Sining , Chen Jing , Mei Ziqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Skin wound healing is a continuous and complex process affected by many factors. Growth factors play an important role in the process of wound healing. Local application of growth factors can significantly promote wound healing. However, the degradation and time dependence of growth factors require appropriate delivery systems to help them play a role in wound healing. In recent years, wound dressing products with hydrogels as matrix materials or main components have shown obvious advantages in promoting wound healing. By modifying the hydrogel or combining it with other factors or materials that are beneficial to wound healing, the healing effect can be further enhanced. This review will introduce the research status of growth factors and hydrogels based on natural biological materials in skin wound repair and review the effects and research progress of the combination of growth factors and hydrogels in skin wound healing.
Fatigue Fracture of the Copper Bridge in a Medium Voltage Make Switch
Authors: Fischer B. , Neidel A. , Giller M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The case of damage presented here relates to the switching bridge of a medium voltage switch, a so-called make switch. Such assemblies are used for fast high current switching operations in medium voltage technology. The copper switching bridge failed due to low-cycle fatigue fractures symmetrically initiated where the transition radius between the copper bridge and the shaft was too sharp. The primary cause of the damage was the fact that the design principle of avoiding too sharp transition radii was needlessly violated where there were no apparent structural limitations. It is remarkable that, time and again, the violation of the same simple design rules causes component damages. The respective simple principles of good design practice thus violated are the same in virtually any mechanical engineering sector.
Influence of recycled clay brick aggregate on the mechanical properties of concrete
Authors: Xu Lina , Su Wei , Su Tian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article presents the experimental results of the compressive strength, the splitting tensile strength, the macro destruction mode, and the microstructure of recycled clay brick aggregate concrete (RBC) with different recycled clay brick aggregate (RBA) replacement rates. The results show that the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength of RBC are lower than those of natural aggregate concrete (NAC), but the effect of RBA on the splitting tensile strength of concrete is not significant. The effect of the water–cement ratio (w/c) on the splitting tensile strength of RBC is smaller than that on the splitting tensile strength of NAC. The compressive strength of concrete shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase in RBA replacement rates. The effect of RBA replacement rates on the compressive strength gradually decreases with the increase in the w/c. The AFt in NAC is thicker than that in RBC, and the C–S–H of RBC is in the form of agglomerated networks with large and uniform pores and less filler.
Family Educational Attainment and Racial Disparities in Low Birth Weight
Authors: Echevarria Emily , Lorch Scott A 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effect of grandmother and mother educational attainment on low birth weight (LBW) in children and grandchildren.

METHODS
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health is a multigenerational study that collected survey data from 1994 to 2018. Using this database, we constructed a cohort of 2867 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) grandmother-mother-grandchild triads to evaluate how education affects the likelihood of having LBW children and grandchildren, while adjusting for socioeconomic and maternal health factors using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
Similar to previous studies, NHB women were more likely to have LBW descendants compared with NHW women in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The prevalence of LBW descendants was lower in women with college education, regardless of race. Irrespective of race, mother and grandmother college education was associated with decreased odds of LBW children and grandchildren after adjusting for individual variables. When mother and grandmother education were examined together, and after adjusting for all individual, community, and health variables together, mother college education remained associated with lower odds of LBW (adjusted odds ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.77). There were no statistically significant differences in these effects between NHW and NHB populations.

CONCLUSIONS
Educational attainment in mothers is associated with decreased odds of LBW descendants after adjusting for multiple individual, community, and health covariates, regardless of race. Targeting improvements in education may ameliorate adverse pregnancy outcomes that disproportionately affect minority communities and cause significant lifelong consequences.
Maceraperest Hille Emîri Dübeys B. Sadaka’nın 1132-1135 Yılları Arasında Irak Selçuklu Sultanları, Abbâsî Hilâfeti ve Büyük Selçuklu Hükümdarı ile Münasebetleri
Authors: TAN Pınar Kaya 
Published: June 2022

Dübeys b. Sadaka başta Hille olmak üzere merkezî Irak’ta bulunan hânedanı Mezyedîlerin
otoritesini artırmak isteyen bir Arap Emîri’ydi. Bu sebeple hem Abbâsî Hilâfeti
ile hem de Irak Selçuklu Devleti ile bölgedeki çıkarları yüzünden ters düşmüş ve her iki
siyasî teşekkülle sıklıkla karşı karşıya kalmıştı. Bu münasebetle o, kimi zaman Abbâsî
Halifelerinin güçsüz durumlarından faydalanmaya çalışmış; kimi zamansa Irak Selçuklu
hânedan mensupları arasındaki taht mücadeleleri Dübeys’e aradığı fırsatı sunmuştu.
Ancak karşısına çıkan her türlü fırsattan istifade etmeye çalışmışsa da Dübeys b. Sadaka
istediği başarıları tam manasıyla elde edememişti. Muvaffak olamadığı zamanlarda
bölgeden kaçmak zorunda kalıp çevredeki hâkim güçlere sığınmış ve Dübeys’le birlikte
hânedanı da zor günler yaşamıştı. Bununla beraber onun yağma ve talan faaliyetleri hem
Abbâsîlere hem Irak Selçuklularına zarar vermiş, halkı güç durumda bırakmıştı. Nitekim
Dübeys b. Sadaka yadsınamaz şekilde her daim kendisinden korkulan emîrlerden biri olmuştu.
Mezkûr emîrin Batı ve Doğu’daki Selçuklular, ayrıca Abbâsîler ile münasebetlerini
inceleyen makalenin devamı niteliğindeki bu araştırmada Dübeys b. Sadaka’nın Büyük Selçuklu hükümdarı, Abbâsî Hilâfeti ve Irak Selçukluları üçgeninde 1132-1135 seneleri
arasında vuku bulan olaylardaki rolü, kaynaklardaki bilgiler ışığında değerlendirilecektir.