bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The success of the Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Turkey for improvement of patient care
Authors: Asfuroglu Pelin , Sismanlar Eyuboglu Tugba , Aslan Ayse Tana , Gursoy Tugba Ramasli , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Yalcin Ebru , Kiper Nural , Sen Velat , Sen Hadice Selimoglu , Altintas Derya Ufuk , Ozcan Dilek , Kilinc Ayse Ayzit , Cokugras Haluk , Baskan Azer Kilic , Yazan Hakan , Erenberk Ufuk , Dogan Guzide , Unal Gokcen , Yilmaz Asli Imran , Keskin Ozlem , Arik Elif , Kucukosmanoglu Ercan , Irmak Ilim , Damadoglu Ebru , Ozturk Gokcen Kartal , Gulen Figen , Basaran Abdurrahman Erdem , Bingol Aysen , Cekic Sukru , Sapan Nihat , Kilic Gonca , Harmanci Koray , Kose Mehmet , Ozdemir Ali , Tugcu Gokcen Dilsa , Polat Sanem Eryilmaz , Hangul Melih , Ozcan Gizem , Aydin Zeynep Gokce Gayretli , Yuksel Hasan , Topal Erdem , Ozdogan Sebnem , Caltepe Gonul , Suleyman Ayse , Can Demet , Ekren Pervin Korkmaz , Bal Cem Murat , Kilic Mehmet , Cinel Guzin , Cobanoglu Nazan , Pekcan Sevgi , Cakir Erkan , Ozcelik Ugur , Dogru Deniz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) registries play an essential role in improving disease outcomes of people with CF. This study aimed to evaluate the association of newly established CF registry system in Turkey on follow‐up, clinical, growth, treatment, and complications of people with this disease.MethodsAge at diagnosis, current age, sex, z‐scores of weight, height and body mass index (BMI), neonatal screening results, pulmonary function tests, history of meconium ileus, medications, presence of microorganisms, and follow‐up were evaluated and compared to data of people with CF represented in both 2017 and 2019 registry data.ResultsThere were 1170 people with CF in 2017 and 1637 in 2019 CF registry. Eight hundred and fourteen people were registered in both 2017 and 2019 of whom z‐scores of heights and BMI were significantly higher in 2019 (p = 0.002, p =0.039, respectively). Inhaled hypertonic saline, bronchodilator, and azithromycin usages were significantly higher in 2019 (p =0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). The percent predicted of forced expiratory volume in  1 sec and forced vital capacity were similar in 2017 and 2019 (88% and 89.5%, p = 0.248 and 84.5% and 87%, p =0.332, respectively). Liver diseases and osteoporosis were significantly higher, and pseudo‐Bartter syndrome (PBS) was significantly lower in 2019 (p = 0.011, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe z‐scores of height and BMI were higher, the use of medications that protect and improve lung functions was higher and incidence of PBS was lower in 2019. It was predicted that registry system increased the care of people with CF regarding their follow‐up. The widespread use of national CF registry system across the country may be beneficial for the follow‐up of people with CF.
Safety management and safety outcomes in oil and gas industry in Malaysia: Safety compliance as a mediator
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Isha Ahmad Shahrul Nizam , Nordin Shahrina Md , Rasheed Saba , Al‐Mekhlafi Al‐Baraa Abdulrahman , Naji Gehad Mohammad Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to know the mediating role of safety compliance between safety management and safety outcomes in Malaysia's oil and gas industry. The cross‐sectional survey utilized a quantitative method for survey design. The data were collected through the convenience sampling technique via email from operation and production departments employees of the downstream sector. The analysis of 280 responses proved that safety compliance plays a significant role in enhancing safety outcomes and reducing occupational accidents and occupational injuries. Therefore, this study is helpful for practitioners to understand the importance of safety compliance and also safety management indicators in safety‐sensitive organizations, for example, the oil and gas industry of Malaysia. Furthermore, by filling the existing research gap, this study also provides fertile ground for future research and broad implications for the research industry.
Grignard Reagents as Niche Bases in the Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Molecules
Authors: Samineni Ramesh , Eda Vishnuvardhana , Rao Pallavi , Sen Saikat , Oruganti Srinivas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGrignard reagents are routinely employed in the pharmaceutical industry as reliablesynthetic equivaents of carbanion synthons for construction of new C−C bonds. The present review however does not focuson these well documented applications of Grignard reagents as carbon nucleophiles. Rather, it documents certain unique case studies wherein, despite the material loss entailed as R−H, a Grignard reagent (RMgX) was strategically deployed as a Bronsted base to abstract an active hydrogen and effect a desired transformation in the synthesis of APIs and pharmaceutically relevant natural products.
Advances in Graphene/Inorganic Nanoparticle Composites for Catalytic Applications
Authors: Adil Syed Farooq , Ashraf Muhammad , Khan Mujeeb , Assal Mohamed E. , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Kuniyil Mufsir , Al‐Warthan Abdulrahman , Siddiqui Mohammed Rafiq H. , Tremel Wolfgang , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGraphene‐based nanocomposites with inorganic (metal and metal oxide) nanoparticles leads to materials with high catalytic activity for a variety of chemical transformations. Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, or nitrogen‐doped graphene are excellent support materials due to their high surface area, their extended π‐system, and variable functionalities for effective chemical interactions to fabricate nanocomposites. The ability to fine‐tune the surface composition for desired functionalities enhances the versatility of graphene‐based nanocomposites in catalysis. This review summarizes the preparation of graphene/inorganic NPs based nanocomposites and their use in catalytic applications. We discuss the large‐scale synthesis of graphene‐based nanomaterials. We have also highlighted the interfacial electronic communication between graphene/inorganic nanoparticles and other factors resulting in increased catalytic efficiencies.
Nanoflowers: A New Approach of Enzyme Immobilization
Authors: da Costa Felipe Pereira , Cipolatti Eliane Pereira , Furigo Junior Agenor , Oliveira Henriques Rosana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnzymes are biocatalysts known for versatility, selectivity, and brand operating conditions compared to chemical catalysts. However, there are limitations to their large‐scale application, such as the high costs of enzymes and their low stability under extreme reaction conditions. Immobilization techniques can efficiently solve these problems; nevertheless, most current methods lead to a significant loss of enzymatic activity and require several steps of activation and functionalization of the supports. In this context, a new form of immobilization has been studied: forming organic‐inorganic hybrids between metal phosphates as inorganic parts and enzymes as organic parts. Compared to traditional immobilization methods, the advantages of these nanomaterials are high surface area, simplicity of synthesis, high stability, and catalytic activity. The current study presents an overview of organic‐inorganic hybrid nanoflowers and their applications in enzymatic catalysis.
Renewable Electricity Enables Green Routes to Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Murtaza Ayesha , Qamar Muhammad Awais , Saleem Kaynat , Hardwick Tomas , Zia ul haq  , Shirinfar Bahareh , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSyntheses of chemicals using renewable electricity and when generating high atom economies are considered green and sustainable processes. In the present state of affairs, electrochemical manufacturing of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals is not as common place as it could be and therefore, merits more attention. There is also a need to turn attention toward the electrochemical synthesis of valuable chemicals from recyclable greenhouse gases that can accelerate the process of circular economy. CO2 emissions are the major contributor to human‐induced global warming. CO2 conversion into chemicals is a valuable application of its utilisation and will contribute to circular economy while maintaining environmental sustainability. Herein, we present an overview of electro‐carboxylation, including mechanistic aspects, which forms carboxylic acids using molecular carbon dioxide. We also discuss atom economies of electrochemical fluorination, methoxylation and amide formation reactions.
Recent Developments in the Removal of Dyes from Water by Starch‐Based Adsorbents
Authors: Ihsanullah Ihsanullah , Bilal Muhammad , Jamal Arshad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStarch‐based adsorbents have demonstrated excellent potential for the removal of various noxious dyes from wastewater. This review critically evaluates the recent progress in applications of starch‐based adsorbents for the removal of dyes from water. The synthesis methods of starch‐based composites and their effects on physicochemical characteristics of produced adsorbents are discussed. The removal of various dyes by starch‐based adsorbents are described in detail, with emphasis on the effect of key parameters, adsorption mechanism and their reusability potential. The key challenges related to the synthesis and applications of starch‐based adsorbents in water purification are highlighted. Based on the research gaps, recommendations for future research are made. The evaluation of starch‐based adsorbents would contribute to the development of sustainable water treatment options in near future.
Response of stream ecosystem structure to heavy metal pollution: context-dependency of top-down control by fish
Authors: Rubio-Gracia Francesc , Argudo María , Zamora Lluís , Clements William H. , Vila-Gispert Anna , Casals Frederic , Guasch Helena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe stress-gradient hypothesis predicts that biotic interactions within food webs are context dependent, since environmental stressors can attenuate consumer–prey interactions. Yet, how heavy metal pollution influences the impacts of predatory fish on ecosystem structure is unknown. This study was conducted in the Osor stream (Spain), which features a metal (mainly Zn) pollution gradient. We aimed to determine how the responses of benthic communities to the presence and absence of predatory fish interact with environmental stress and to test whether the top-down control of top predators is context dependent. To address these questions, periphyton biomass and macroinvertebrate densities were determined throughout an exclosure/enclosure mesocosm experiment using the Mediterranean barbel (Barbus meridionalis) as a top predator. The monitoring study showed that metal accumulation in periphyton and macroinvertebrates reflected patterns observed in water. The mesocosm study showed that fish predation effects on larval chironomids were not context-dependent and that periphyton biomass was markedly lower in the presence of fish regardless of metal pollution levels. This strong top-down control on periphytic algae was attributed to the foraging behaviour of fish causing bioturbation. In contrast, the top predator removal revealed grazer-periphyton interactions, which were mediated by heavy metal pollution. That is, periphyton benefitted from a lower grazing pressure in the metal-polluted sites. Together, our results suggest that the top–down control by fishes depends more on functional traits (e.g. feeding behaviour) than on feeding guild, and demonstrate the capacity of top predators to modify anthropogenic stressor effects on stream food-web structure.
Postpartum urinary incontinence and birth outcomes as a result of the pushing technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shinozaki Katsuko , Suto Maiko , Ota Erika , Eto Hiromi , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Directed pushing while using the Valsalva maneuver is shown to lead to bladder neck descent, especially in women with urinary incontinence (UI). There is insufficient evidence about the benefits or adverse effects between the pushing technique during the second stage of labor and urinary incontinence postpartum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the pushing technique for women during labor on postpartum UI and birth outcomes.

Methods
Scientific databases were searched for studies relating to postpartum urinary incontinence and birth outcomes when the pushing technique was used from 1986 until 2020. RCTs that assessed healthy primiparas who used the pushing technique in the second stage of labor were included. In accordance with Cochrane Handbook guidelines, risk of bias was assessed and meta-analyzed. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.

Results
Seventeen RCTs (4606 primiparas) were included. The change in UI scores from baseline to postpartum was significantly lower as a result of spontaneous pushing (two studies; 867 primiparas; standardized mean difference: SMD –0.18, 95% CI –0.31 to –0.04). Although women were in the recumbent position during the second stage, directed pushing group showed a significantly shorter labor by 21.39 min compared with the spontaneous pushing group: there was no significant difference in the duration of the second stage of labor between groups.

Conclusions
Primiparas who were in the upright position and who experienced spontaneous pushing during the second stage of labor could reduce their UI score from baseline to postpartum.
A framework for chemical safety assessment incorporating new approach methodologies within REACH
Authors: Ball Nicholas , Bars Remi , Botham Philip A. , Cuciureanu Andreea , Cronin Mark T. D. , Doe John E. , Dudzina Tatsiana , Gant Timothy W. , Leist Marcel , van Ravenzwaay Bennard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe long-term investment in new approach methodologies (NAMs) within the EU and other parts of the world is beginning to result in an emerging consensus of how to use information from in silico, in vitro and targeted in vivo sources to assess the safety of chemicals. However, this methodology is being adopted very slowly for regulatory purposes. Here, we have developed a framework incorporating in silico, in vitro and in vivo methods designed to meet the requirements of REACH in which both hazard and exposure can be assessed using a tiered approach. The outputs from each tier are classification categories, safe doses, and risk assessments, and progress through the tiers depends on the output from previous tiers. We have exemplified the use of the framework with three examples. The outputs were the same or more conservative than parallel assessments based on conventional studies. The framework allows a transparent and phased introduction of NAMs in chemical safety assessment and enables science-based safety decisions which provide the same level of public health protection using fewer animals, taking less time, and using less financial and expert resource. Furthermore, it would also allow new methods to be incorporated as they develop through continuous selective evolution rather than periodic revolution.
Discriminants and Semi-orthogonal Decompositions
Authors: Kite Alex , Segal Ed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe derived categories of toric varieties admit semi-orthogonal decompositions coming from wall-crossing in GIT. We prove that these decompositions satisfy a Jordan–Hölder property: the subcategories that appear, and their multiplicities, are independent of the choices made. For Calabi–Yau toric varieties wall-crossing instead gives derived equivalences and autoequivalences, and mirror symmetry relates these to monodromy around the GKZ discriminant locus. We formulate a conjecture equating intersection multiplicities in the discriminant with the multiplicities appearing in certain semi-orthogonal decompositions. We then prove this conjecture in some cases.
The “hyperdense basivertebral vein” sign: another marker of a CSF-venous fistula
Authors: Lützen Niklas , Kremers Nico , Fung Christian , Beck Jürgen , Urbach Horst 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCSF-venous fistulas — initially described in 2014 — are a significant cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Dynamic lateral decubitus digital subtraction and/or CT myelography typically show a hyperdense paraspinal vein. In case of a central drainage toward the internal vertebral venous plexus, it is the “hyperdense basivertebral vein” which should be searched for carefully.
Factors affecting the isolation and diversity of marine sponge-associated bacteria
Authors: Anteneh Yitayal S. , Yang Qi , Brown Melissa H. , Franco Christopher M. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Marine sponges are an ideal source for isolating as yet undiscovered microorganisms with some sponges having about 50% of their biomass composed of microbial symbionts. This study used a variety of approaches to investigate the culturable diversity of the sponge-associated bacterial community from samples collected from the South Australian marine environment. Twelve sponge samples were selected from two sites and their bacterial population cultivated using seven different agar media at two temperatures and three oxygen levels over 3 months. These isolates were identified using microscopic, macroscopic, and 16S rRNA gene analysis. A total of 1234 bacterial colonies were isolated which consisted of four phyla: Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, containing 21 genera. The diversity of the bacterial population was demonstrated to be influenced by the type of isolation medium, length of the incubation period and temperature, sponge type, and oxygen level. The findings of this study showed that marine sponges of South Australia can yield considerable bacterial culturable diversity if a comprehensive isolation strategy is implemented. Two sponges, with the highest and the lowest diversity of culturable isolates, were examined using next-generation sequencing to better profile the bacterial population. A marked difference in terms of phyla and genera was observed using culture-based and culture-independent approaches. This observed variation displays the importance of utilizing both methods to reflect a more complete picture of the microbial population of marine sponges.

Key points

Improved bacterial diversity due to long incubations, 2 temperatures, and 3 oxygen levels.

Isolates identified by morphology, restriction digests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

At least 70% of culturable genera were not revealed by NGS methods.
Succeeding in Continuing Trauma Education During a Pandemic
Authors: Mitchnik Ilan Y. , Rivkind Avraham I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCorona virus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) impacted continuing medical education programs such as the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course. Modifications made to medical training like teleconferencing could affect students’ learning success. We sought to evaluate the effects of the American College of Surgeons modifications on success rates in passing the ATLS course.MethodsThis study evaluated 28 ATLS 10th edition courses educating 898 students at our region before and after Covid‐19 modifications. Traditional two‐day courses were performed in‐person while modified courses were conducted with a one‐day teleconference followed by a second in‐person practical day. We compared the characteristics and course pass rates between the traditional and modified ATLS courses.ResultsModified ATLS courses had significantly lower pass rates (81.0%; 95% confidence interval = [74.8–87.3]) compared to traditional ATLS courses (94.3%; [92.2–96.3]).ConclusionsModifications to the ATLS course are associated with lower student pass. This is possibly due to ineffective knowledge consolidation. Better modifications to the course are required such as use of electronic learning tools with modification to course schedule or returning to the traditional course but with the use of Covid‐19 vaccines and other protective measures. These suggestions should be considered and evaluated further by ATLS program leaders.
Monitoring multiple myeloma in the peripheral blood based on cell-free DNA and circulating plasma cells
Authors: Mack Elisabeth K. M. , Hartmann Sören , Ross Petra , Wollmer Ellen , Mann Christoph , Neubauer Andreas , Brendel Cornelia , Hoffmann Jörg 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the advent of novel, highly effective therapies for multiple myeloma (MM), classical serologic monitoring appears insufficient for response assessment and prediction of relapse. Moreover, serologic studies in MM are hampered by interference of therapeutic antibodies. The detection of malignant plasma cell clones by next generation sequencing (NGS) or multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) circumvents these difficulties and can be performed in the peripheral blood (pB) by targeting circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating plasma cells (CPCs), thus also avoiding an invasive sampling procedure. Here, we applied NGS of VJ light chain (LC) rearrangements in cfDNA and MFC of magnetically-enriched CD138-positive CPCs (me-MFC) to investigate disease burden in unselected MM patients. Sequencing was successful for 114/130 (87.7%) cfDNA samples and me-MFC results were analyzable for 196/205 (95.6%) samples. MM clones were detectable in 38.9% of samples taken at initial diagnosis or relapse (ID/RD), but only in 11.8% of samples taken during complete remission (CR). Circulating MM plasma cells were present in 83.3% of ID/RD samples and 9.9% of CR samples. Residual disease assessment by NGS or me-MFC in samples taken during very good partial remission or CR was 80% concordant. Notably, 4/4 (NGS) and 5/8 (me-MFC) positive CR samples were from patients with oligo- or non-secretory myeloma. The time to progression was shorter if there was evidence of residual myeloma in the pB. Together, our findings indicate that our two novel analytical approaches accurately indicate the course of MM and may be particularly valuable for monitoring patients with serologically non-trackable disease.
Reverse re-modelling chronic heart failure by reinstating heart rate variability
Authors: Shanks J. , Abukar Y. , Lever N. A. , Pachen M. , LeGrice I. J. , Crossman D. J. , Nogaret A. , Paton J. F. R. , Ramchandra R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is a crucial indicator of cardiovascular health. Low HRV is correlated with disease severity and mortality in heart failure. Heart rate increases and decreases with each breath in normal physiology termed respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). RSA is highly evolutionarily conserved, most prominent in the young and athletic and is lost in cardiovascular disease. Despite this, current pacemakers either pace the heart in a metronomic fashion or sense activity in the sinus node. If RSA has been lost in cardiovascular disease current pacemakers cannot restore it. We hypothesized that restoration of RSA in heart failure would improve cardiac function. Restoration of RSA in heart failure was assessed in an ovine model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Conscious 24 h recordings were made from three groups, RSA paced (n = 6), monotonically paced (n = 6) and heart failure time control (n = 5). Real-time blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate and diaphragmatic EMG were recorded in all animals. Respiratory modulated pacing was generated by a proprietary device (Ceryx Medical) to pace the heart with real-time respiratory modulation. RSA pacing substantially increased cardiac output by 1.4 L/min (20%) compared to contemporary (monotonic) pacing. This increase in cardiac output led to a significant decrease in apnoeas associated with heart failure, reversed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and restored the T-tubule structure that is essential for force generation. Re-instating RSA in heart failure improves cardiac function through mechanisms of reverse re-modelling; the improvement observed is far greater than that seen with current contemporary therapies. These findings support the concept of re-instating RSA as a regime for patients who require a pacemaker.