bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security in SDN networks and their applications
Authors: Tapiero Robin 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The review article is the product of the research on Security in SDN networks and their applications, developed at the District University in 2020, presenting the latest advances, that have been made in security.
Problem: The security weaknesses that SDN networks have had, due to being a new architecture. This has not allowed traditional networks to be replaced.

Objective: To carry out a review of the state of the art of SDN networks, focusing research on the security of the control layer and its advances.
Methodology: The descriptive method is implemented, consulting databases such as Scopus, IEEE and ScienceDirect, using the following search criteria: SDN networks, security in SDN networks, applications with SDN networks and OpenFlow protocol. It is shown as a research sample: the Asian, European and American continents with years of research from 2014 to 2020.
Results: Great advances have been made in terms of security for SDN networks, which allows us to see an early solution to the weaknesses that it currently faces.

Conclusion: SDN networks will solve all the challenges they face and will be consolidated as a solid and reliable architecture.

Originality: an important focus is taken on the security of SDN networks and the great development that has occurred in this regard is evident.

Limitations: SDN networks are a new architecture, so their development has been very little and advances in security have been significantly affected.
The Financial Aspect of Non_Governmental Organizations:
Authors: Stanimirović Tatjana 
Published: February 2022

Aim: Non-governmental organizations as part of the third sector have become an important factor in the public life of modern countries. This emerging wave can be noticed especially in the South-East Europe in the transition period. In this context, the aim of the paper is to analyse the financial aspect of the NGOs' business model, exposing cumulative data for the last 11 years in Slovenia.Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the financial data obtained, the paper reveals the structure of financial resources of Slovenian NGOs, delving into total amounts, as well as trends of changes for specific resources. Using descriptive methodology, it focuses mainly on dissection of resources provided from public finance.Findings: The results show that in 2019 NGOs in Slovenia achieved almost 1 billion euro of total revenues, after they were increasing rapidly in the hole observed period (2009-2019). As far as resources obtained from public finances are concerned, the amount is higher at governmental level provided by ministries then at the local level received from municipalities, what has not been the case before year 2019. Practical implications: The challenge for further research is the in-depth study of Slovenian NGOs’ financial strategy focusing on the challenge of bidirectional financing as well as analysis of public services provided by NGOs at the moment compared to services needed in the future.Originality/value: The paper is the pioneer attempt among scientific papers to analyse the financing of NGOs in Slovenia.
Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to COVID-19 in People of Yazd, 2021
Authors: Marzban Ameneh , Yoshany Nooshin , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Khaleghi Moori Mahdiye , Maayeshi Najmeh , Zamani Marzieh 
Published: February 2022

Background: The importance of healthy nutrition in increasing immunity and reducing disease has been identified for many years. Nutrient deficiencies lead to decreased immune function and thus increase the incidence or exacerbation of infections. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and nutritional function associated with COVID-19 disease in people of Yazd. Methods: This descriptive and analytical study was conducted in 2021. The sample size was 420 adults in Yazd referring to health centers. Research tools included demographic checklist and questionnaire of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practices related to COVID-19. Results: The mean scores of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practices related to COVID-19 in people of Yazd were 21.35 ± 4.54, 20.74± 3.58, and 38.99 ± 7.39, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge and level of education and history of COVID-19 and practice with gender and history of COVID-19. The most important source of information for people was cyberspace. Conclusion: Knowledge of the nutritional factors affecting a disease can affect people's attitudes and practices. So that lack of sufficient knowledge and misunderstanding among people can increase the prevalence of the disease and delay the recovery of COVID-19. Due to the importance of this matter, the need to implement educational programs to inform people about proper practices should be considered.
Prevalence of Obesity among Elementary Students during COVID-19 Pandemic in Yazd, Iran
Authors: Mehrabbeik Akram , Askari Maryam , Mozaffari-Khosravi Hassan , Namiranian Nasim , Aghaee Meybody Seied Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2022

Background: Childhood obesity can affect life in three aspects, including continuing obesity after childhood, increased risk of chronic diseases, and mortality. Over the last year, students' lifestyles have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to plan educational interventions to improve students' health, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity among elementary students during COVID-19 pandemic in Yazd, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 583 elementary students in 4th-6th grades (aged 10-12 years) in Yazd in 2021. The participants were recruited using multistage sampling (cluster, stratified, and random) method. Data collection tools included the physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and a validated researcher-made questionnaire in terms of fast food and carbonated sweet beverages consumption. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the students’ height and weight information registered in student electronic registration system (SANAD). Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students was 23.9% and 14.5%, respectively. Gender (P < 0.0001), type of school (P < 0.0001), mother’s education level (P = 0.03), amount of carbonated sweet beverages (P < 0.0001), and level of physical activity (P = 0.04) were associated with BMI status. There was no significant association between frequency of students’ consumption of fast food (P = 0.41) or soft drinks and BMI status (P = 0.48). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 outbreak, students’ weight gain has been more affected by reducing physical activity than consuming high-calorie foods. Therefore, it is required to create new infrastructure and opportunities for improving physical activity among students
Successful Closed Reduction of Distal Radius Volar Locking Plate Plastic Deformation with Associated Fracture
Authors: Ardavanis Kyle S. , Imlay Hannah N. , Van Steyn Peter M. , Drayer Nicholas J. , Shin Emily H. , Pavey Gabriel J. 
Published: February 2022

Case:
Distal radius fractures are among the most common orthopaedic injuries. The volar locking plate is now the most utilized internal fixation method for these fractures. There are few reports of mechanical failure of volar locking plates within the literature. In this case report, we describe successful closed reduction of traumatic volar locking plate plastic deformation with associated fracture. In addition, we discuss existing literature regarding plastic deformation of distal radius plates.

Conclusion:
Traumatic, plastic deformation of distal radius volar locking plates with associated fracture may be managed nonoperatively with closed reduction.
Difficult Diagnosis of Fungal Arthritis After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Taniguchi Yu , Kanamori Akihiro , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: February 2022

Case:
An 18-year-old woman underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) but developed recurrent knee effusion. At age 25 years, her right knee pain worsened, and radiographs revealed extensive bone loss. She was diagnosed with fungal (Candida parapsilosis) osteomyelitis by synovial fluid cultures. She underwent 2-stage surgery involving an amphotericin B-loaded cement spacer implantation and bone defect grafting. No recurrence of infection has been noted for 3 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Fungal osteomyelitis may have few signs of local infection and often remains undiagnosed until bone loss occurs. Differential diagnosis should include this disease when there is recurrent knee effusion after ACLR.
Corrective Osteotomy and Physeal Bar Resection for Distal Radial Physeal Arrest After Flexible Nailing
Authors: Rizk Paul A. , Ihnow Stephanie , Chan Chung Ming 
Published: February 2022

Case:
A 9-year-old girl developed a physeal bar after flexible nailing for a proximal radius fracture. The patient presented 2 years after initial injury with gross deformity of the wrist with confirmed physeal bar. The patient underwent physeal bar resection, cement interposition, and corrective osteotomy with improvement of radial height, wrist deformity, and function.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates the importance of meticulous flexible nail insertion technique and the subsequent, successful treatment for the complication.
Fluid Saturation in the Lithosphere of the Altai-Sayan Folded Region according to Magnetotelluric Data
Authors: Belyavsky V.V. , Lozovsky I.N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
—A model of deep electrical conductivity of the Altai–Sayan folded region is presented, which was compiled from the results of three-dimensional inversion of the invariant values of the impedance matrix and interactive selection of three-dimensional model curves of magnetotelluric sounding to experimental ones. The obtained electrical resistivity values were used to estimate the fluid saturation of the Earth’s crust by applying the Shankland–Waff equation. The NaCl salinity of the aqueous solution is taken equal to 170 g/L, for which the fluid saturation is most consistent with the seismic data. The electrical conductivity and fluid saturation of focal zones of earthquakes, activated blocks of the region and deep faults were studied. Most of the earthquake hypocenters are located above the top of the conductors and near deep low-resistivity faults. The position of low-resistivity anomalies correlates with the position of domains with the enhanced attenuation of converted earthquake waves and reduced velocities of compressional waves. The Teelin, Samagaltai, and Kaa-Khem earthquake sources are characterized by the maximum fluid content (0.5–0.9%), and the Altai, Shapshal, Shagonar and Bolsheporoshskii sources, by minimum ones (0.1–0.2%). The fluid saturation of deep faults reaches 1.2%. The faults characterized by tensile stresses oriented orthogonally to their strike, show the highest fluid content. A similar pattern is observed for the crustal blocks located beneath depressions. The high fluid content beneath the Kyzyl Basin and its surroundings correlate with the major compressional-wave velocity deficit beneath it.
Neotectonic Fault Pattern of the Salair Area (Southern West Siberia): Relation with the Pre-Cenozoic Tectonic Framework
Authors: Novikov I.S. , Zhimulev F.I. , Pospeeva E.V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
—Neotectonic activity in the area of the Salair Ridge (southern West Siberia) rejuvenated a system of large arc-shaped faults separating the Salair tectonic arc from the adjacent tectonic units. These regional faults, which make up the general tectonic framework of the Altai–Sayan Folded Area, originated in the late Paleozoic and were repeatedly reactivated in the Mesozoic. The deformation within the major Salair thrust sheet is mainly brittle and follows small fault planes that crosscut the margins of Paleozoic thrusts. The neotectonic faulting has controlled the erosion pattern of the territory and produced a reticulate drainage system. The Salair tectonic unit is a single 80 × 250 km block consisting of multiple neotectonic blocks, with relative vertical offset no more than 100 m in the block interior and 100–200 m in its southern, northern, and eastern borders. The northwestern and southeastern border faults have reverse slip geometry, while the motions on the en-echelon northeastern fault boundary include reverse and right-lateral strike-slip components. The thickness of the Salair thrust sheet estimated from magnetotelluric (MT) data increases in the western direction from 5 to 15 km in the northern block part and from 10 to &gt;20 km in the south. The allochthon base is delineated by a low-resistivity zone interpreted as a horizontal detachment. This boundary formed in the Mesozoic and was rejuvenated at the neotectonic stage. The lithology and deformation of Jurassic sediments filling piedmont basins around the Salair Ridge indicate that the Cenozoic fault pattern generally inherits the Mesozoic framework but differs in about ten times smaller vertical offset.
Containment of Water-Injection-Induced Fractures: The Role of Heat Conduction and Thermal Stresses
Authors: Hwang Jongsoo , Zheng Shuang , Sharma Mukul , Chiotoroiu Maria-Magdalena , Clemens Torsten 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Reservoir cooling by water or wastewater injection can significantly change the stress in the target injection zones and the bounding layers. Out-of-zone fracture growth is substantially affected by these poro-thermo-elastic stress changes occurring in heterogeneous rock layers. No previous study has systematically investigated the influence of both heat conduction and convection and the associated stress alteration and fracture height growth during long-term water injection in multiple layers. Without understanding this coupled effect, it is not possible to predict the injection-induced fracture geometry or the conditions under which these fractures will breach the bounding shale layers.
This paper presents a model and results that clearly show that accounting for thermal conduction between the injection sand and the bounding shale is crucial in predicting fracture containment during water injection. We developed a fully coupled compositional reservoir/fracturing simulator that solves poro-thermo-elastic equations. We used it to simulate 3D fracture propagation induced by cold water injection and, at the same time, calculate changes in the stress field induced by thermo-poro-elastic effects in heterogeneous reservoir layers.
The stress in the bounding layer is shown to change significantly as a result of thermal conduction from the layer below. We first validate our model with existing analytical solutions and then present synthetic cases and simulate a field case. Simulation results show that fracture height growth can be underpredicted if heat conduction between the target injection sands and bounding shales is ignored. We identify the effects of fluid properties, rock properties, and injection temperature on thermal-conduction-induced stress changes and fracture containment for the first time.
Intelligent Production Monitoring with Continuous Deep Learning Models
Authors: Gryzlov Anton , Safonov Sergey , Arsalan Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Monitoring of production rates is essential for reservoir management, history matching, and production optimization. Traditionally, such information is provided by multiphase flowmeters or test separators. The growth of the availability of data, combined with the rapid development of computational resources, enabled the inception of digital techniques, which estimate oil, gas, and water rates indirectly. This paper discusses the application of continuous deep learning models, capable of reproducing multiphase flow dynamics for production monitoring purposes. This technique combines the time evolution properties of a dynamical system and the ability of neural networks to quantitively describe poorly understood multiphase phenomena and can be considered as a hybrid solution between data-driven and mechanistic approaches. The continuous latent ordinary differential equation (Latent ODE) approach is compared with other known machine learning methods, such as linear regression, ensemble-based model, and recurrent neural network (RNN). In addition, the framework of virtual flowmetering (VFM) is analyzed from the point of multiphase measurement technology.
In this work, the application of Latent ODEs for the problem of multiphase flow rate estimation is introduced. The considered example refers to a scenario in which the topside oil, gas, and water flow rates are estimated using the data from several downhole pressure sensors. The predictive capabilities of different types of machine learning and deep learning instruments are explored using simulated production data from a multiphase flow simulator.
The results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the continuous deep learning models in comparison with other machine learning methods in terms of accuracy, where the normalized root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of prediction below 5% were achieved. While Latent ODE demonstrates the significant time required to train the model, it outperforms other methods for irregularly sampled time series, which makes it especially attractive to forecast values of multiphase rates.
Fluid Behavior in Clay-Hosted Nanopores with Varying Salinity: Insights into Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Xiong Hao , Devegowda Deepak 
Published: February 2022

Summary
Clays, with their charged surfaces, are characterized by strong interactions with dissolved ions in brines and injected water. While there is a considerable body of research devoted to clay swelling, little to no progress has been made on fluid distributions and their impact on transport through clay pores when exposed to fluids of varying salinity. In this work, we use a molecular dynamics (MD) approach to characterize fluid distributions when oil and brine with varying salinities are present in clay-hosted pores. This promises to provide a rationale for optimizing salinities in fracturing fluid salinity (or low-salinity waterflooding applications). Our results indicate that at high salinities, unabsorbed Na+ and Cl− ions appear as aggregates while at low salinities, water forms bridges across the pore width. Both of these phenomena impede the diffusion of oil molecules through the clay nanopores. At intermediate values of salinity, in the absence of either ionic aggregates or water bridges, we observe the highest mobility of the oil phase. This modeling-based work provides a first look into optimal salinity values that promote oil mobility for fracturing fluids (or low-salinity waterflooding applications) for formations where clays may be present.
Slot-Die-Printed Sodium-Embedded Alumina Enables High-Performance, Wafer-Scale MoS2 Electronics
Authors: Kwon Yonghyun , Kim Jihyun , Jo Sae Byeok , Roe Dong Gue , Rhee Dongjoon , Kim Dae Woo , Kang Joohoon , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional nanomaterials offer a promising new avenue in the forthcoming era of Beyond Moore electronics, due to their unique feasibility for forming van der Waals contacts alleviating detrimental interfacial electronics losses. However, their scalable production via solution processing compels the competition between achieved material quality and scalability, leaving them incompetent for practical electronics applications. Here, we, for the first time, have realized a large-scale solution-processed MoS2 transistor arrays via slot-die printing, in which devices exhibited exceptionally high average electronic mobility exceeding 100 cm2 V-1 s-1. A set of comprehensive temperature-dependent and spatial-distribution characteristics analyses revealed that the use of sodium-embedded alumina (SEA) as the gate dielectric enabled the charge transport on MoS2 through long-range charge percolations among low density deep charged-traps, allowing transistor performance to be dramatically boosted. Furthermore, we have successfully demonstrated various functional logic gates, NOT, NOR, NAND and SRAM, via wafer-scale homogeneous slot-die printing of both MoS2 and SEA.
Determination of Anti-Mycoplasma Capricolum Subsp. Capripneumoniae Antibodies For The Sero-Epidemiology of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia
Authors: Ahmad Faisal , Khan Farhan Anwar , Sadique Umer , Sajid Abdul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia (CCPP) is fatal disease of goats and causes huge economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality. CCPP is enlisted as notifiable animal disease by OIE. The causative agent of CCPP is Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp). The present study was aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of CCPP in northern Pakistan. The study areas were divided into three zones; northern zone, central zone and tribal zone. A total of 1300 serum samples were collected during November 2017 – April 2019 from goats of different age and sex and were analysed by monoclonal antibody based cELISA. The analyses revealed 227 (17.5%) samples positive for anti-Mccp antibodies. The zone wise distribution of CCPP in goats was significantly different (P˂0.05), indicated by positive sera for Mccp of 23% animals from northern zone followed by 15% and 13% animals from tribal and central zones, respectively. The analysis of data showed non-significant values in the seroprevalence among bucks and doe(s), indicated by anti-Mccp sera from 16.6% bucks and 18.3% doe (s). Moreover, among different age groups the prevalence of disease in adult goats (20%) was significantly (P˂0.05) higher than kids (10.8%). It is evident from the present study that CCPP caused by Mccp is prevalent in Pakistan and both sex of animals are equally susceptible to Mccp infection. Furthermore the disease is more prevalent in northern zone.
Heterosis and combining ability studies by Line × tester analysis for fruit biochemical, morpho-physiological, and yield traits governing shelf life in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: MP Pavan , S Gangaprasad , M Dushyanthakumar B , Adivappar Nagrajappa , P Shashikumara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Improving tomatoes keeping quality is crucial for reducing post-harvest losses. Knowledge on heterosis, and combining ability is pre requisite for breeding high yielding and good shelf life heterotic hybrids. An investigation was undertaken with each of 3 lines, testers, and 9 hybrids to identify desirable parents and crosses for 20 fruit biochemical, morpho-physiological, and yield traits and to elucidate nature of gene action for shelf life and its contributing traits through Line × Tester analysis. The lines contributed to most of hybrids variability than testers and fruit quality traits had higher degree of SCA variance as compared to GCA variance. pH, ascorbic acid, fruit firmness, and plant height governed by additive gene action. Lycopene, titratable acidity, TSS, calcium, magnesium, pericarp thickness, pulp content, locule number, fruit length, diameter, weight, shelf life, number of branches, number of clusters, number of fruit/cluster, and yield/plant were under the control of non-additive gene action. All the lines and Arka Saurabh were best general combiners and IIHR 2349 × Arka Vikas, IIHR 2349 × Arka Saurabh, IIHR 2358 × Arka Ahuti and IIHR 2357 × Arka Ahuti were the best specific combiner in producing heterotic hybrids. IIHR 2349 × Arka Vikas and IIHR 2349 × Arka Saurabh were promising hybrids for high yield and shelf life. The crosses involved both parents with high, one parent with high and other with low and both parents with low good overall general combining ability status respectively indicated the additive, non-additive and epistatic gene action in fruit quality and yield traits inheritance.