bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Last glacial loess dynamics in the Southern Caucasus (NE-Armenia) and the phenomenon of missing loess deposition during MIS-2
Authors: Wolf Daniel , Lomax Johanna , Sahakyan Lilit , Hovakimyan Hayk , Profe Jörn , Schulte Philipp , von Suchodoletz Hans , Richter Christiane , Hambach Ulrich , Fuchs Markus , Faust Dominik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 is considered the coldest, driest and stormiest period during the last Glacial-Interglacial cycle in large parts of Eurasia. This resulted from strongly decreased northern hemisphere temperature and related maximum extension of northern ice sheets that strongly reinforced large-scale circulation modes such as westerlies and East Asian Winter Monsoon driven by the Siberian High. Normally, this intensified circulation is reflected by maximum loess deposition in numerous loess regions spanning Europe and Asia. However, here we present a new loess record from the Caucasus region in NE-Armenia providing evidence in support of heavily reduced or even lacking loess formation during the MIS-2. Owing to implementations of comprehensible luminescence dating work and a provenance survey using rock magnetic and geochemical data, we are able to define distinct loess formation phases and to retrace sediment transport pathways. By comparing our results to other Eurasian palaeo-records, we unveil general atmospheric circulation modes that are most likely responsible for loess formation in the Southern Caucasus. Moreover, we try to test different scenarios to explain lacking loess formation during MIS-2. In line with other archive information, we suggest that loess formation was hampered by higher regional moisture conditions caused by a southward-shift of westerlies and renewed moisture absorption over the Black Sea. Our results show that modifications of MIS-2 circulation modes induced a very heterogeneous moisture distribution, particularly in the lower mid-latitudes of Eurasia producing a juxtaposition of very dry (morphodynamically active) and moderately dry (morphodynamically stable) areas.
Evolving norms: social media data analysis on parks and greenspaces perception changes before and after the COVID 19 pandemic using a machine learning approach
Authors: Park Sohyun , Kim Seungman , Lee Jaehoon , Heo Biyoung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study provides a novel approach to understand human perception changes in their experiences of and interactions with public greenspaces during the early months of COVID-19. Using social media data and machine learning techniques, the study delivers new understandings of how people began to feel differently about their experiences compared to pre-COVID times. The study illuminates a renewed appreciation of nature as well as an emerging but prominent pattern of emotional and spiritual experiences expressed through a social media platform. Given that most park and recreational studies have almost exclusively examined whether park use increased or decreased during the pandemic, this research provides meaningful implications beyond the simple extensional visit pattern and lends weight to the growing evidences on changing perceptions over and the positive psychological impacts of nature. The study highlights the preeminent roles parks and greenspaces play during the pandemic and guides a new direction in future park development to support more natural elements and nature-oriented experiences from which emotional and spiritual well-being outcomes can be drawn.
Modifying the yeast very long chain fatty acid biosynthetic machinery by the expression of plant 3-ketoacyl CoA synthase isozymes
Authors: Stenback Kenna E. , Flyckt Kayla S. , Hoang Trang , Campbell Alexis A. , Nikolau Basil J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEukaryotes express a multi-component fatty acid elongase to produce very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are building blocks of diverse lipids. Elongation is achieved by cyclical iteration of four reactions, the first of which generates a new carbon–carbon bond, elongating the acyl-chain. This reaction is catalyzed by either ELONGATION DEFECTIVE LIKE (ELO) or 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) enzymes. Whereas plants express both ELO and KCS enzymes, other eukaryotes express only ELOs. We explored the Zea mays KCS enzymatic redundancies by expressing each of the 26 isozymes in yeast strains that lacked endogenous ELO isozymes. Expression of the 26 maize KCS isozymes in wild-type, scelo2 or scelo3 single mutants did not affect VLCFA profiles. However, a complementation screen of each of the 26 KCS isozymes revealed five that were capable of complementing the synthetically lethal scelo2; scelo3 double mutant. These rescued strains express novel VLCFA profiles reflecting the different catalytic capabilities of the KCS isozymes. These novel strains offer a platform to explore the relationship between VLCFA profiles and cellular physiology.
The effect of supplementary light on the photosynthetic apparatus of strawberry plants under salinity and alkalinity stress
Authors: Shamsabad Mohammad Reza Malekzadeh , Esmaeilizadeh Majid , Roosta Hamid Reza , Dehghani Mohammad Reza , Dąbrowski Piotr , Kalaji Hazem M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsidering the destructive effect of stresses on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and the important role of light in photosynthesis, we investigated the effect of complementary light on the photosynthetic apparatus under salinity and alkalinity stress conditions. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in monochromatic blue (460 nm), monochromatic red (660 nm), dichromatic blue/red (1:3), white/yellow (400–700 nm) at 200 μmol m−2 S−1, and without LED treatment were used. The stress treatments were in three stages: Control (no stress), Alkalinity (40 mM NaHCO3), and Salinity (80 mM NaCl). Our results showed that salinity and alkaline stress reduced CO2 assimilation by 62.64% and 40.81%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The blue light spectrum had the highest increase in water use efficiency (54%) compared to the treatment without supplementary light. Under salinity and alkalinity stress, L, K, and H bands increased and G bands decreased compared to the control treatment, with blue/red light causing the highest increase in L and K bands under both stress conditions. In salinity and alkalinity stress, white/yellow and blue/red spectra caused the highest increase in H bands. Complementary light spectra increased the G band compared to the treatment without complementary light. There was a significant decrease in power indices and quantum power parameters due to salt and alkalinity stress. The use of light spectra, especially blue, red, and blue/red light, increased these parameters compared with treatment without complementary light. Different light spectra have different effects on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. It can be concluded that using red, blue spectra and their combination can increase the resistance of plants to stress conditions and be adopted as a strategy in planting plants under stress conditions.
Formulation, characterization and cellular toxicity assessment of a novel bee-venom microsphere in prostate cancer treatment
Authors: El-Didamony Samia E. , Amer Reham I. , El-Osaily Ghada H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBee venom (B.V.) is a toxin produced naturally by honey bees with several toxic and therapeutic efficacies. It is used in the treatment of different cancer kinds like renal, hepatic, and prostate cancer. Due to its protein nature, it is degraded in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Colon-targeted drug delivery systems represent a useful tool to protect B.V. from degradation and can be administered orally instead of I.V. infusion and traditional bee stinging. In the present study, B.V. loaded enteric-coated cross-linked microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking method. Percentage yield, entrapment efficiency %, swelling degree, and in-vitro release are evaluated for prepared microspheres. Free B.V., optimized microspheres formula (F3), and doxorubicin cytotoxic effects were tested by MTT assay. Results concluded that free B.V. was more effective against the growth of human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3) cells followed by optimized microspheres than doxorubicin. But both free B.V. and doxorubicin have a cytotoxic effect on normal oral epithelial cells (OEC). According to flow cytometric analysis, the optimized microsphere formula induced apoptosis and reduced necrosis percent at IC50 concentration. Furthermore, microspheres did not affect the viability of OEC. These results revealed that microspheres have a degree of specificity for malignant cells. Therefore, it seems that this targeted formulation could be a good candidate for future clinical trials for cancer therapy.
Gun identification from gunshot audios for secure public places using transformer learning
Authors: Nijhawan Rahul , Ansari Sharik Ali , Kumar Sunil , Alassery Fawaz , El-kenawy Sayed M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIncreased mass shootings and terrorist activities severely impact society mentally and physically. Development of real-time and cost-effective automated weapon detection systems increases a sense of safety in public. Most of the previously proposed methods were vision-based. They visually analyze the presence of a gun in a camera frame. This research focuses on gun-type (rifle, handgun, none) detection based on the audio of its shot. Mel-frequency-based audio features have been used. We compared both convolution-based and fully self-attention-based (transformers) architectures. We found transformer architecture generalizes better on audio features. Experimental results using the proposed transformer methodology on audio clips of gunshots show classification accuracy of 93.87%, with training loss and validation loss of 0.2509 and 0.1991, respectively. Based on experiments, we are convinced that our model can effectively be used as both a standalone system and in association with visual gun-detection systems for better security.
Effective deep learning for oral exfoliative cytology classification
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Tanaka Futa , Nakano Keisuke , Hara Takeshi , Yoshii Kazumasa , Yamashita Katsusuke , Ono Sawako , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Kawai Hotaka , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Furuki Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of sharpness aware minimization (SAM) as an optimizer that achieves high performance for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is attracting attention in various fields of deep learning. We used deep learning to perform classification diagnosis in oral exfoliative cytology and to analyze performance, using SAM as an optimization algorithm to improve classification accuracy. The whole image of the oral exfoliation cytology slide was cut into tiles and labeled by an oral pathologist. CNN was VGG16, and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and SAM were used as optimizers. Each was analyzed with and without a learning rate scheduler in 300 epochs. The performance metrics used were accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, AUC, and statistical and effect size. All optimizers performed better with the rate scheduler. In particular, the SAM effect size had high accuracy (11.2) and AUC (11.0). SAM had the best performance of all models with a learning rate scheduler. (AUC = 0.9328) SAM tended to suppress overfitting compared to SGD. In oral exfoliation cytology classification, CNNs using SAM rate scheduler showed the highest classification performance. These results suggest that SAM can play an important role in primary screening of the oral cytological diagnostic environment.
Sustained decline in tobacco purchasing in Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fosgaard Toke R. , Pizzo Alice , Sadoff Sally 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
An estimated 8 million people die every year due to tobacco use. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the health consequences of smoking, which is a leading risk factor for more severe COVID-19 symptoms, hospitalization, and death. The pandemic has also led to reductions in physical activity, increases in stress and declines in mental well-being, all factors commonly associated with triggering higher tobacco use.

Methods
Using a longitudinal data set of purchasing behavior from 2019–2020 among a national sample of the Danish population (n = 4042), we estimate changes in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis compares tobacco purchases prior to the pandemic to purchases during the pandemic, at the individual level. We also examine effects within subgroups based on smoking behavior in 2019 prior to the pandemic. We estimate effects for smokers and non-smokers and, within smokers, for occasional smokers and regular smokers.

Results
We find large, sustained decreases in tobacco purchases during COVID-19. We estimate that weekly tobacco purchase rates decline by 24% and average quantities decline by 12% during the period spanning the onset of the pandemic in March 2020 through the end of the year. The declines are driven by regular smokers with little change in behavior among nonsmokers and increases in purchases among occasional smokers. Among regular smokers, purchase rates decline by about 30%, tobacco purchases decline by about 20% and quitting rates increase by about 10 percentage points.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to sustained reductions in smoking.
On characterisations of the input to state stability properties for conformable fractional order bilinear systems
Authors: Nozari Hasan Abbasi , Rostami Seyed Jalil Sadati , Castaldi Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes for the first time the theoretical requirements that a fractional‐order bilinear system with conformable derivative has to fulfil in order to satisfy different input‐to‐state stability (ISS) properties. Variants of ISS, namely ISS itself, integral ISS, exponential integral ISS, small‐gain ISS, and strong integral ISS for the general class of conformable fractional‐order bilinear systems are investigated providing a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for their existence and then compared. Finally, the correctness of the obtained theoretical results is verified by numerical example.
A bi‐level transactive control model for integrating decision‐making and DLMP‐pricing in distribution networks
Authors: Li Biao , Wan Can , Luo Fengji , Yu Peng , Sun Mingyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe market‐driven demand side management of distribution networks suffers from the challenge of operational security issues. This paper proposes a distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) based bi‐level transactive control model for distribution networks to manage demand side resources of nodal agents, ensuring both the network security and the agents' optimal decision. The proposed model consists of a DLMP‐pricing model at the upper level and DLMP‐based demand response (D‐DR) models at the lower level, integrating the DLMP‐pricing of the distribution network and the decision‐making of agents. The DLMP‐pricing model is constructed as the dual form of a linearized optimal power flow problem to determine DLMP related to the decision of all agents. The D‐DR model enables each nodal agent to minimize its own expenditure under the DLMP, which is established as a linear programming problem. The bi‐level model is converted into single‐level programming through replacing the D‐DR models by Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker conditions, in which the bi‐linear items of the complementary slackness are further linearized by introducing integer variables. Consequently, the intractable bi‐level transactive control model is equivalently reconstructed as a single‐level mixed‐integer linear programming problem that can be conveniently solved. Comprehensive numerical studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Heuristic DRP‐DG optimization strategy adopted for maximizing total social welfare in the real time Indian utility network
Authors: Sharmila Punnianathan , Mahadevan Senthilkumaran , Baskaran Jeevarathinam , Nayanatara Chandrasekaran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe energy sector is subjected to an increase in power demand year after year. This increase in energy demand will continue due to the need for energy for modern societies. The service providers should face this situation smartly using renewable energy sources to avoid the intermittent nature of these sources and the fluctuations in the demand. Demand response programs (DRP) can play a vital role in increasing the correlation between the loads and the available generation from renewable energy sources (RES). Modern power systems recommend the use of distributed generation (DG) sources to reduce the transmission losses, contingency, and cost of energy and to increase the system reliability, efficiency, and power system loadability. Optimal DR use in the DG can further improve its performance which is the main focus of this paper. Here, a novel DRP‐DG strategy is introduced to size and allocate the DG units for minimum congestion in IEEE 33‐bus benchmark power system and real Indian power system having 17 buses. The active involvement of the consumers in the DRP facilitates the ultimate objective of maximized total social welfare (TSW) with minimized generation costs. To justify the above multi‐objective optimization, two stages of heuristic optimization are introduced in which the rules are fired in the primary stage for determining the optimal size of DG. Implementation of DRP for achieving comprehensive objective function is vindicated in the secondary stage. A real‐time Indian utility network is considered and a trade‐off output is realized using heuristic fuzzy logic (FL) and genetic algorithm (GA). The results obtained from using the proposed strategy proved its superiority in achieving substantial cost reduction and maximum TSW compared to other soft computing techniques.
Die Geschichte der Nebenschilddrüsen – Ein Beitrag zur Historie der Nebenschilddrüsen, zu ihrer Anatomie, Funktion und ihren Erkrankungen.
Authors: Kokenge Ferdinand 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungNeben der ersten anatomischen und mikroskopischen Beschreibung der Nebenschilddrüsen und ihrer Namensgebung durch Ivar Victor Sandström 1880 wird der Beitrag vieler Pathologen, Physiologen und Chirurgen in den folgenden Jahrzehnten bis zur Aufdeckung ihrer Funktion und ihrer Erkrankungen beschrieben. Eingegangen wird auf den mit einigen Irrwegen belasteten Erkenntnisgewinn zum primären Hyperparathyreoidismus, auf die erste Operation durch Felix Mandl 1925 und auf die aktuellen Therapieempfehlungen. Es schließt sich ein kurzer Abschnitt über den Hypoparathyreoidismus an.
In Silico and In Vitro Approach to Assess Direct Allosteric AMPK Activators from Nature
Authors: Kirchweger Benjamin , Wasilewicz Andreas , Fischhuber Katrin , Tahir Ammar , Chen Ya , Heiss Elke H. , Langer Thierry , Kirchmair Johannes , Rollinger Judith M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important metabolic regulator. Its allosteric drug and metabolite binding (ADaM) site was identified as an attractive target for direct AMPK activation and holds promise as a novel mechanism for the treatment of metabolic diseases. With the exception of lusianthridin and salicylic acid, no natural product (NP) is reported so far to directly target the ADaM site. For the streamlined assessment of direct AMPK activators from the pool of NPs, an integrated workflow using in silico and in vitro methods was applied. Virtual screening combining a 3D shape-based approach and docking identified 21 NPs and NP-like molecules that could potentially activate AMPK. The compounds were purchased and tested in an in vitro AMPK α 1 β 1 γ 1 kinase assay. Two NP-like virtual hits were identified, which, at 30 µM concentration, caused a 1.65-fold (± 0.24) and a 1.58-fold (± 0.17) activation of AMPK, respectively. Intriguingly, using two different evaluation methods, we could not confirm the bioactivity of the supposed AMPK activator lusianthridin, which rebuts earlier reports.
Fever Management after TEVAR in Patients with Aortic Dissection
Authors: Senkulak Tayfun , Oberhuber Alexander , Yordanov Miroslav , Rukosujew Andreas , Ibrahim Abdulhakim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Post-implantation syndrome (PIS) is characterised as a noninfectious continuous fever and a concomitant rise in inflammatory markers shortly after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This current study aims to analyse the risk factors of PIS, postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and overall survival as well as the correlation between new-onset mural thrombus and the risk of developing PIS after TEVAR in patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Patients were included who had a B dissection, both acute and chronic forms. In the acute form, both acutely complicated and uncomplicated patients were included in the study. A main point of our investigation is the postoperative fever management of PIS patients.
Methods A total of 90 patients with type B dissection underwent TEVAR in the University Hospital of Muenster between 2016 and 2020. The occurrence of PIS was defined as the presence of fever (> 38°C lasting longer than 24 hours in hospital) and leucocytosis (white blood cell count > 12000/µL). Patients with other possible reasons for fever and/or leucocytosis, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, or sepsis, were excluded beforehand. Besides demographic and operation-related data, inflammatory markers and therapeutic measures were evaluated before and 5 days postoperatively. Computed tomography scans were examined to calculate the volume of preexistent and new-onset mural thrombus after TEVAR.
Results Of 90 patients, 40 patients were excluded because of recent infection or bypass surgery. Of the 50 patients included in the study, 10 patients developed post-implantation syndrome. Younger patients significantly more often developed PIS after TEVAR (52.2 ± 11.6 vs. 61.5 ± 13.6, p = 0.045). New-onset thrombus after TEVAR was significantly higher in PIS patients (61 cm³ vs. 12 cm³, p < 0.001) and PIS patients often received more medical examinations (investigation of X-ray, U status, and blood cultures). There was no significant difference in overall survival for 40 months and in the incidence of MACE.
Conclusions PIS may be related to an increased rate of new-onset thrombus. A more robust conclusion is not justified according to our study. There is no difference in overall survival.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched Azaborole Helicenes by Chirality Transfer from Axially Chiral Biaryls
Authors: Nowak-Król Agnieszka , Full Felix , Wildervanck Martijn J. , Volland Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report the enantioselective synthesis of azaborole helicenes from enantioenriched axially chiral precursors. The borylation/metal-exchange reaction sequence affords the target compounds with full transfer of chirality from the corresponding biaryls. Experimental studies provided insights into the configurational stability of the heterobiaryls and their (chir)optical properties. The structure of the ­phenyl-substituted helicene was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Ring Expansion and Ring Opening of ­Azetidines: Domino Conjugate Addition/Inert-Bond Activation
Authors: Xie Jian-Bo , Sun Ling-Zhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDomino conjugate addition/inert-bond activation is a useful strategy for improving the efficiency of synthesis. We summarize reports on domino conjugate addition/inert-bond activation and its applications in the rhodium-catalyzed ring-expansion and ring-opening reactions of azetidines.1	Introduction2	Rhodium-Catalyzed Domino Conjugate Addition/β-C Cleavage/ Protonation3	Rhodium-Catalyzed Domino Conjugate Addition/N-Directed α-C(sp3)–H Activation4	Conclusion