bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane foam materials and their industrial applications
Authors: Ates Murat , Karadag Selin , Eker Aysegul Akdogan , Eker Bulent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this review article, polyurethane (PU) foam materials are presented in various industrial applications. PU foams have started to replace metals and plastics in various engineering applications by combining the hardness and durability of metal with the flexibility of rubber. PU foams can be synthesized with various isocyanates, polyols, chain extenders and crosslinkers to serve many specific applications, such as bio‐based composite foam, flexible hard/soft PU foam, polymer foam etc. There are different factors to change of hard and soft segments of PUs. These changes form different products, such as urethane, biurets, allophanates and isocyamurates, etc. This review article mostly concentrates on the basic chemistry of the building blocks of PUs and recent developments in industrial applications of PU foams, such as insulator material, sound insulators, refrigerator and freezing insulators, furniture, shoes, automotive materials, coatings and adhesives and other applications. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
British dairy farmers’ management attitudes towards agricultural plastic waste: reduce, reuse, recycle
Authors: Chen Shuhan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgricultural plastic waste from nonpackaging polymers, such as those used in silage production, constitutes the majority of the UK's agricultural plastic waste due to inadequate management. This study included online and telephone interviews with 12 British dairy farmers (nine from England, three from Wales) to understand the use of non‐packaging plastic in silage production on British dairy farms. It examined their current silage production techniques and agricultural plastic waste management behaviours and highlighted the challenges of reducing plastic waste on dairy farms through the lens of circular economy. The findings show that UK dairy farmers have adhered to the mantra of reduce, reuse and recycle. They use silage clamps for high volumes of silage production, try to reuse some used silage sheets and express a strong interest in having their waste plastic collected and recycled. However, the lack of effective agricultural plastic waste collection services, inequitable enforcement of plastic waste management regulations and rising costs of waste plastic collection in the UK make it difficult for them to recycle effectively. © 2022 The Author. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Thermal risk classification optimization of flammable aromatic nitro compounds: Experiments and QSPR models
Authors: Qin Chuanrui , Dang Mengtao , Meng Yifei , Zhao Dongfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn view of the frequent occurrence of major fires and explosions in the production, transportation, and storage of aromatic nitro compounds, the reactive thermal hazards of these compounds have attracted widespread attention in the chemical industry. Thermal hazard assessment is of great significance for the standardized storage of reactive chemicals. Based on adiabatic calorimetry and quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) prediction, a thermal hazard assessment and classification method dominated by the molecular structure of nitro compounds were proposed. While obtaining thermodynamic parameters, stable configuration and molecular descriptors, the prediction models were constructed by multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN), respectively, including self‐accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT), maximum power density (MPD), and the apparent activation energy (Ea). On this basis, SADT, H50, and Ea were selected as the possible characterization parameters of thermal risk of nitro compounds, while MPD and ΔTad were selected as the characterization parameters of consequence severity. When combined with weight and reference TNT, this method comprehensively evaluated the thermal hazards of nitro compounds and divided them into four types of thermal hazard levels. By comparing the method with the previous classification standards, it is found that the evaluation method is expected to provide theoretical support for the safe standardized storage of nitro compounds in chemical enterprises.
Ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry profiling and unveiling the transformation of ginsenosides by the dual conditions of citric acid and high‐pressure steaming
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Xinlong , Wu Mengfan , Yin Jiaxin , Ding Hui , Wu Tong , Bie Songtao , Li Fangyi , He Yongzhi , Han Lifeng , Yang Wenzhi , Song Xinbo , Yu Heshui , Li Zheng 
Published: July 2022

RationaleMany methods have been reported for the production of rare ginsenosides, including heat treatment, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial transformation. However, the conversion of original ginsenosides to rare ginsenosides under the dual conditions of citric acid and high‐pressure steam sterilization has rarely been reported.MethodsIn this study, a method involving ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was developed for analysis of chemical transformation of protopanaxatriol (PPT)‐type ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, protopanaxadiol (PPD)‐type ginsenoside Rb1, and total ginsenosides in the dual conditions of citric acid and high‐pressure steam sterilization. An internal ginsenoside database containing 126 known ginsenosides and 18 ginsenoside reference compounds was established to identify the transformation products and explore possible transformation pathways and mechanisms.ResultsA total of 54 ginsenosides have been preliminarily identified in the transformation products of PPD‐type ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, PPD‐type ginsenoside Rb1, and total ginsenosides, and the possible transformation pathways were as follows: Rg1, Re → 20(S)‐Rh12, 20(R)‐Rh12; Rg1, Re → 20(S)‐Rh1, 20(R)‐Rh1 → Rk3, Rh4, Rh5; Rb1 → gypenoside LXXV; Rb1 → 20(S)‐Rg3, 20(R)‐Rg3 → Rk1, Rg5; Re → 20(S)‐Rg2, 20(R)‐Rg2 → 20(S)‐Rf2, 20(R)‐Rf2, Rg4, F4.ConclusionsThe results elucidated the possible transformation pathways and mechanisms of ginsenosides in the dual conditions of citric acid and high‐pressure steam sterilization, which were helpful for revealing the mechanisms of ginsenosides and enhanced safety and quality control of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Meanwhile, a simple, efficient, and practical method was developed for the production of rare ginsenosides, which has the potential to produce diverse rare ginsenosides on an industrial scale.
Polarization‐Resolved p‐Se/n‐WS2 Heterojunctions toward Application in Microcomputer System as Multivalued Signal Trigger
Authors: Li Ling , Gao Ge , Liu Xueting , Sun Yiming , Lei Jianpeng , Chen Zecheng , Dan Zhiying , Gao Wei , Zheng Tao , Wang Xiaozhou , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolarization‐sensitive photodetectors based on van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWH) have excellent polarization‐resolved optoelectronic properties that can enable the applications in polarized light identification and imaging. With the development of optical microcomputer control systems (OMCS), it is crucial and energy efficient to adopt the self‐powered and polarization‐resolved signal‐generators to optimize the circuit design of OMCS. In this work, the selenium (Se) flakes with in‐plane anisotropy and p‐type character are grown and incorporated with n‐type tungsten disulfide (WS2) to construct the type‐II vdWH for polarization‐sensitive and self‐powered photodetectors. Under 405 nm monochrome laser with 1.33 mW cm−2 power density, the photovoltaic device exhibits superior photodetection performance with the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.6%, the responsivity (R) of 196 mA W−1 and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of about 60%. The strong in‐plane anisotropy of Se crystal structure gives rise to the capability of polarized light detection with anisotropic photocurrent ratio of ≈2.2 under the 405 nm laser (13.71 mW cm−2). Benefiting from the well polarization‐sensitive and photovoltaic properties, the p‐Se/n‐WS2 vdWH is successfully applied in the OMCS as multivalued signal trigger. This work develops the new anisotropic vdWH and demonstrates its feasibility for applications in logic circuits and control systems.
Self‐healable, recyclable, ultrastretchable, and high‐performance NO2 sensors based on an organohydrogel for room and sub‐zero temperature and wireless operation
Authors: Ding Qiongling , Zhou Zijing , Wang Hao , Wu Zixuan , Tao Kai , Yang Bo‐Ru , Xie Xi , Fu Jun , Wu Jin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo date, development of high‐performance, stretchable gas sensors operating at and below room temperature (RT) remains a challenge in terms of traditional sensing materials. Herein, we report on a high‐performance NO2 gas sensor based on a self‐healable, recyclable, ultrastretchable, and stable polyvinyl alcohol–cellulose nanofibril double‐network organohydrogel, which features ultrahigh sensitivity (372%/ppm), low limit of detection (2.23 ppb), relatively fast response and recovery time (41/144 s for 250 ppb NO2), good selectivity against interfering gases (NH3, CO2, ethanol, and acetone), excellent reversibility, repeatability, and long‐term stability at RT or even at −20°C. In particular, this sensor shows outstanding stability against large deformations and mechanical damages so that it works normally after rapid self‐healing or remolding after undergoing mechanical damage without significant performance degradation, which has major advantages compared to state‐of‐the‐art gas sensors. The high NO2 sensitivity and selectivity are attributed to the selective redox reactions at the three‐phase interface of gas, gel, and electrode, which is even boosted by applying tensile strain. With a specific electrical circuit design, a wireless NO2 alarm system based on this sensor is created to enable continuous, real‐time, and wireless NO2 detection to avoid the risk of exposure to NO2 higher than threshold concentrations.
A First Reliable Gravity Tidal Model for Lake Nasser Region (Egypt)
Authors: Riccardi U. , Hinderer J. , Zahran K. , Issawy E. , Rosat S. , Littel F. , Ali S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the framework of the French–Egyptian Imhotep Project, two spring gravimeters have been installed in the area of Lake Nasser (Egypt) with the aim to establish a first reliable gravity tide model for the region. The two tidal gravity stations are located in Aswan, on the northern edge of the lake and in Abu Simbel in the south, respectively. This study was mainly aimed to obtain a reliable model of the crustal response to tidal forces and, consequently, to increase the accuracy of the geodetic observations, to be used in future geophysical studies in this region as well as to investigate the effect of the Lake level variations on the crustal deformation and related gravity changes. Nearly 3 years of gravity records (from May 2018 to April 2021) were collected. Since no scale factor was available for the two gravimeters, the first step of this study was to achieve a reliable calibration for each of the two collected gravity signals. After removing the instrumental drift, spikes, steps and tares, both gravimeters have been calibrated by fitting the output signal against a synthetic reference signal based on the body tidal gravity response due to Wahr-Dehant Earth model and FES2014 ocean tidal loading model. The calibrated signals have been analyzed with ET34-X-V80 software for tidal analyses. This enabled us to retrieve a set of frequency-dependent gravity factors (amplitude and phase) for the main tidal waves, as well as to obtain gravity residuals. It turns out that the accuracy of the amplitude estimates for the main tidal waves is 0.2 ÷ 1% for LCR_ET16 in Aswan and 1 ÷ 10% for the LCR_D-218 in Abu Simbel. To improve the tidal model at Abu Simbel, LCR_ET16 was stopped in Aswan and relocated there. The first 90 days of gravity recordings from ET16 at Abu Simbel provide promising results, with an accuracy of the order of 0.1% for the main tidal waves, even better than the results obtained in Aswan. The residual gravity signal after tidal subtraction at Aswan is in the range of ± 50 µGal. Further analyses of the instrumental contribution are however needed before to be able to interpret this gravity signal in terms of surface loading (i.e. changes in the water level of Lake Nasser) or underground hydrology.
Mental health service use among pregnant and early postpartum women
Authors: Lee-Carbon Leonie , Nath Selina , Trevillion Kylee , Byford Sarah , Howard Louise M. , Challacombe Fiona L. , Heslin Margaret 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the proportion and characteristics of women with a mental disorder who have contact with mental health services during pregnancy and the postnatal period in a maternity service in London.

Methods
Data from the WEll-being in pregNancy stuDY (WENDY), a prospective cohort study, were used. Women were recruited at their first appointment for antenatal care and assessed for mental disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-IV Axis I/II Disorders for Research. Clinical, sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics were collected. Mental health service use data were collected for the period from study entry to 3 months postpartum.

Results
Two hundred women met diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder. Fifty-five (34%) of these had at least one contact with mental health services. Moderate depression (OR 7.44, CI 2.03–27.28, p < 0.01), severe depression (OR 10.5, CI 2.68–41.12, p < 0.01), past psychiatric hospital admission (OR 3.76, CI 1.05–13.44, p < 0.05), symptoms of anxiety (OR 3.95, CI 1.86–8.37, p < 0.001) and perceived low levels of social support (OR 0.43, CI 0.18–1.01, p = 0.05) were associated with an increased likelihood of contact with mental health services in univariate analyses. However, only moderate (OR 5.92, CI 1.31–26.78, p = 0.02) and severe depression (OR 6.04, CI 1.08–33.72, p = 0.04) remained significant in the multivariate regressions analyses.

Conclusion
Only a third of women with a diagnosable mental disorder at their first antenatal appointment had any contact with mental health services during pregnancy or up to 3 months postpartum. Further research is warranted to elicit perinatal women’s views about the potential barriers to accessing professional mental health care.
Sulfur mustard single-dose exposure triggers senescence in primary human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Horn Gabriele , Schäfers Catherine , Thiermann Horst , Völkl Sandra , Schmidt Annette , Rothmiller Simone 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChronic wounds, skin blisters, and ulcers are the result of skin exposure to the alkylating agent sulfur mustard (SM). One potential pathomechanism is senescence, which causes permanent growth arrest with a pro-inflammatory environment and may be associated with a chronic wound healing disorder. SM is known to induce chronic senescence in human mesenchymal stem cells which are subsequently unable to fulfill their regenerative function in the wound healing process. As dermal fibroblasts are crucial for cutaneous wound healing by being responsible for granulation tissue formation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix, SM exposure might also impair their function in a similar way. This study, therefore, investigated the SM sensitivity of primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) by determining the dose–response curve. Non-lethal concentrations LC1 (3 µM) to LC25 (65 µM) were used to examine the induction of senescence. HDF were exposed once to 3 µM, 13 µM, 24 µM, 40 µM or 65 μM SM, and were then cultured for 31 days. Changes in morphology as well as at the genetic and protein level were investigated. For the first time, HDF were shown to undergo senescence in a time- and concentration-dependent manner after SM exposure. They developed a characteristic senescence phenotype and expressed various senescence markers. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly altered in SM-exposed HDF as part of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The senescent fibroblasts can thus be considered a contributor to the SM-induced chronic wound healing disorder and might serve as a new therapeutic target in the future.
Dutch translation and cultural adaptation of the LYMPH-Q, a new patient-reported outcome measure for breast cancer-related lymphedema
Authors: Beelen Louise Marie , Tsangaris Elena , Dishoeck Anne-Margreet van , Pusic Andrea L. , Klassen Anne F. , Vasilic Dalibor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity module is a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) developed to assess patient outcomes of breast cancer-related arm lymphedema (BCRL). Content for the LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module was developed from the extensive input of patients and experts in the field of breast surgery and breast cancer-related lymphedema. Rasch Measurement Theory analysis was used to assess psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to perform a Dutch translation and cultural adaptation of the LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module.

Methods
The translation process was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).The process included two forward translations, two back translations, and cognitive debriefing interviews with patients with BCRL.

Results
Comparison of the two forward translations showed that the translations for most items (n = 60; 88.2%) were conceptually consistent between the two translators. Translations of the remaining items were reviewed and discussed until consensus was reached. Three items in the back translation had a different meaning when compared to the original English version and required re-translation. The resultant Dutch version of the LYMPH-Q was tested in a series of cognitive debriefing interviews with seven patients and showed good content validity.

Conclusions
The translation and cultural adaptation process resulted in a conceptually equivalent Dutch version of the LYMPH-Q Upper Extremity Module. This new PROM can now be used in clinical practice and research settings to evaluate outcomes in patients with BCRL.
Level of evidence: Not gradable
Neurotransmitter uptake of synaptic vesicles studied by X-ray diffraction
Authors: Komorowski Karlo , Preobraschenski Julia , Ganzella Marcelo , Alfken Jette , Neuhaus Charlotte , Jahn Reinhard , Salditt Tim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe size, polydispersity, and electron density profile of synaptic vesicles (SVs) can be studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), i.e. by X-ray diffraction from purified SV suspensions in solution. Here we show that size and shape transformations, as they appear in the functional context of these important synaptic organelles, can also be monitored by SAXS. In particular, we have investigated the active uptake of neurotransmitters, and find a mean vesicle radius increase of about 12% after the uptake of glutamate, which indicates an unusually large extensibility of the vesicle surface, likely to be accompanied by conformational changes of membrane proteins and rearrangements of the bilayer. Changes in the electron density profile (EDP) give first indications for such a rearrangement. Details of the protein structure are screened, however, by SVs polydispersity. To overcome the limitations of large ensemble averages and heterogeneous structures, we therefore propose serial X-ray diffraction by single free electron laser pulses. Using simulated data for realistic parameters, we show that this is in principle feasible, and that even spatial distances between vesicle proteins could be assessed by this approach.
A Fc-VEGF chimeric fusion enhances PD-L1 immunotherapy via inducing immune reprogramming and infiltration in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kuo Cheng-Liang , Chou Han-Yu , Lien Hui-Wen , Yeh Chia-An , Wang Jing-Rong , Chen Chung-Hsing , Fan Chi-Chen , Hsu Chih-Ping , Kao Ting-Yu , Ko Tai-Ming , Lee Alan Yueh-Luen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy is an emerging cancer therapy with potential great success; however, immune checkpoint inhibitor (e.g., anti-PD-1) has response rates of only 10–30% in solid tumor because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This affliction can be solved by vascular normalization and TME reprogramming.

Methods
By using the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) approach, we tried to find out the reprogramming mechanism that the Fc-VEGF chimeric antibody drug (Fc-VFD) enhances immune cell infiltration in the TME.

Results
In this work, we showed that Fc-VEGF121-VEGF165 (Fc-VEGF chimeric antibody drug, Fc-VFD) arrests excess angiogenesis and tumor growth through vascular normalization using in vitro and in vivo studies. The results confirmed that the treatment of Fc-VFD increases immune cell infiltration including cytotoxic T, NK, and M1-macrophages cells. Indeed, Fc-VFD inhibits Lon-induced M2 macrophages polarization that induces angiogenesis. Furthermore, Fc-VFD inhibits the secretion of VEGF-A, IL-6, TGF-β, or IL-10 from endothelial, cancer cells, and M2 macrophage, which reprograms immunosuppressive TME. Importantly, Fc-VFD enhances the synergistic effect on the combination immunotherapy with anti-PD-L1 in vivo.

Conclusions
In short, Fc-VFD fusion normalizes intratumor vasculature to reprogram the immunosuppressive TME and enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Getting the big picture in cross-domain fusion
Authors: von Hanxleden Reinhard , Biastoch Arne , Fohrer Nicola , Renz Matthias , Vafeidis Athanasios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA central promise of cross-domain fusion (CDF) is the provision of a “bigger picture” that integrates different disciplines and may span very different levels of detail. We present a number of settings that call for this bigger picture, with a particular focus on how information from several domains can be made easily accessible and visualizable for different stakeholders. We propose harnessing an approach that is now well established in interactive maps, which we refer to as the “Google maps approach” (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA), which combines effective filtering with intuitive user interaction. We expect this approach to be applicable to a range of CDF settings.
Influence of surfactants on the electrospinnability of lignin-PVP solutions and subsequent oil structuring properties of nanofiber mats
Authors: Borrego M. , Martín-Alfonso J. E. , Valencia C. , Sánchez M. C. , Franco J. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work focuses on the improvement of the electrospinnability of low-sulfonate lignin (LSL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions by the addition of surfactants (SDS, CTAB and Tween-20) as well as on the ability of resulting nanofibers to structure castor oil. Solutions with two LSL/PVP weight ratios (70:30 and 90:10) in DMF were prepared by adding variable surfactant concentrations (0–1 wt.%), and physicochemically characterized. Electrical conductivity, surface tension and rheological measurements were performed. Variations of these physicochemical properties were explained on the basis of surfactant-polymer interactions. The addition of surfactants to LSL/PVP solutions improves electrospinnability, producing more compact and uniform fiber mats in 70:30 LSL/PVP systems, generally reducing the average diameter of the nanofibers and the number of beads. In contrast, nanofiber mats were not obtained with 90:10 LSL/PVP solutions, but different nanostructures composed of particle clusters. Dispersions of nanofiber mats obtained by electrospinning from 70:30 LSL/PVP solutions in castor oil were able to generate physically stable strong oleogels. In general, linear viscoelastic functions of oleogels increased with surfactant concentration. In addition, these oleogels exhibited excellent lubrication performance in a tribological contact, with extremely low values of the friction coefficient and wear diameters, which may lead to potential applications as lubricants.