bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal activity of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles incorporated with Eucalyptus essential oils against Hemileia vastatrix
Authors: Caetano A.R.S. , Cardoso M.G. , Resende M.L.V. , Chalfuon S.M. , Martins M.A. , Gomes H.G. , Andrade M.E.R. , Brandão R.M. , Campolina G.A. , Nelson D.L. , de Oliveira J.E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Coffee (Coffea L.) is one of the main crops produced globally. Its contamination by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome has been economically detrimental for producers. The objective of this work was to extract and characterize the essential oils from Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn and Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, produce and characterize nanoparticles containing these essential oils and evaluate the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of free and nanoencapsulated essential oils. The principal constituent of the essential oil from E. citriodora was citronellal; that from E. grandis was α-pinene; and that from E. camaldulensis was 1,8-cineol. The in vitro antifungal activity against the fungus H. vastatrix was 100% at a concentration of 1000 μl l−1 for all the oils and nanoparticles containing these natural products. The sizes of the nanoparticles produced with the essential oils from E. citriodora, E. camaldulensis and E. grandis were 402·13 nm, 275·33 nm and 328·5 nm, respectively, with surface charges of −11·8 mV, −9·24 mV and − 6·76 mV, respectively. Fourier transform infrared analyses proved that the encapsulation of essential oils occurred in the polymeric matrix of poly(ε-caprolactone). The incorporation of essential oils into biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles increased their efficiency as biofungicides in the fight against coffee rust, decreasing the severity of the disease by up to 90·75% after treatment with the nanoparticles containing the essential oil from E. grandis.
Comparison of primary liver cancer mortality estimates from World Health Organization, global burden disease and global cancer observatory
Authors: Li Chenxi , He Wen‐Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to compare estimates of primary liver cancer mortality from World Health Organization (WHO), Global Burden Disease (GBD) and Global Cancer Observatory (GCO).MethodsLiver cancer mortality was extracted from WHO, GBD and GCO for 92 countries for the most recent year. Age‐standardized rate (ASR) was computed and used for current comparisons across the three data sources. Temporal trend for 75 countries was analysed and compared between WHO and GBD from 1990 to 2019 using joinpoint regression. Average annual percentage change for the most recent 10 years was used as indicator for change.ResultsThe estimates of ASR were quite consistent across the three data sources, but most similar estimates were found between WHO and GCO in both region and country levels. The differences in ASR were negatively correlated with completeness of cause‐of‐death registration, human development index and proportion of liver cancer because of alcohol consumption. Consistent trends of ASR were found from 35 countries between WHO and GBD in the most recent 10 years. However, opposite trends were found from 10 countries with five from Southern America, four from Europe and one from Asia. Of the 18 countries for projection, opposite trends between WHO and GBD were found from seven countries.ConclusionWhile the ASR of primary liver cancer mortality was comparable across the three data sources, most similar estimates were found between WHO and GCO. The opposite trends found from 10 countries between WHO and GBD raised concerns of true patterns in these countries.
Giant tree frogs exemplify the promise of integrating multiple types of data in phylogeographic investigations
Authors: Carstens Bryan C. , Moshier Shelby P. 
Published: July 2022

Hugall et al. (2022) is one of the seminal publications from the single locus era of phylogeographic research. These authors were among the first to argue that genetic data are ideally suited to test hypotheses that are ultimately derived from other sources of information. While the testing of predictions from the fossil record has long been important to molecular systematics (e.g., Donoghue et al., 1989), phylogeographic investigations into the more recent evolutionary past lack a fossil record in most focal taxa. In lieu of fossils, which were not available for the small snails that served as the focal taxon, Hugall et al. (2002) applied the (then) new technique of environmental modelling to identify regions within the species range with habitat that was predicted to be stable throughout the Holocene. They then present data that suggests that these regions correspond to the areas with high genetic diversity. Apart from the inferences about snail evolutionary history, the core argument of Hugall et al. (2002) is that consilience (i.e., agreement between inferences drawn from different sources of data) is an important goal for phylogeographic investigation. Consilience in the inferences drawn from independent types of data has a multiplicative effect; when present the researcher is likely to have more confidence in their inference than would be possible to have in an inference from any one source of data. The manuscript by Jaynes et al. (2022) is a splendid illustration of this principle.
Assessing the normative significance of desire satisfaction
Authors: Segers Seppe , Pennings Guido , Mertes Heidi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeople have various desires, but it is a contested moral issue when a desire becomes of such importance that it legitimizes a moral claim on others. This paper explores how the normative significance of desire satisfaction can be assessed and argues that a normatively significant desire can constitute a pro tanto obligation to help satisfy it. The paper presents a framework that relates the normative significance of a given desire to the general goal of living a reasonably valuable life and inquires how the latter can be given determinate content without excluding a heterogeneity of the personal good. The paper contends that the set of possibly normatively significant desires is thus restricted by considerations about intelligibility, adequacy, and replaceability, which are mediated by societal background theories.
The place of discourse in philosophy as a way of life
Authors: Miranda Vilchis Rogelio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor ancient philosophers, philosophy was not only a theory about the big questions but also a way of life, yet it was not only a way of life but also a theory. Pierre Hadot showed the importance of philosophy as a way of life in antiquity. Moreover, he defended, as this paper demonstrates, the view that ancient philosophy was primarily a way of life and that philosophical discourse or theory played a secondary role. The paper argues against Hadot, taking the paradigmatic Socratic way of life as an illustration, that theory is as crucial for philosophy as practice is. Doing spiritual exercises and living in a particular way was very important for the ancients, but so were truth and understanding reality.
Ericoid shrubs shape fungal communities and suppress organic matter decomposition in boreal forests
Authors: Fanin Nicolas , Clemmensen Karina E. , Lindahl Björn D. , Farrell Mark , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte , Gundale Michael J. , Kardol Paul , Wardle David A. 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Mycorrhizal fungi associated with boreal trees and ericaceous shrubs are central actors in organic matter (OM) accumulation through their belowground carbon allocation, their potential capacity to mine organic matter for nitrogen (N) and their ability to suppress saprotrophs. Yet, interactions between co‐occurring ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ERI), and saprotrophs are poorly understood.

We used a long‐term (19 yr) plant functional group manipulation experiment with removals of tree roots, ericaceous shrubs and mosses and analysed the responses of different fungal guilds (assessed by metabarcoding) and their interactions in relation to OM quality (assessed by mid‐infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance) and decomposition (litter mesh‐bags) across a 5000‐yr post‐fire boreal forest chronosequence.

We found that the removal of ericaceous shrubs and associated ERI changed the composition of EMF communities, with larger effects occurring at earlier stages of the chronosequence. Removal of shrubs was associated with enhanced N availability, litter decomposition and enrichment of the recalcitrant OM fraction.

We conclude that increasing abundance of slow‐growing ericaceous shrubs and the associated fungi contributes to increasing nutrient limitation, impaired decomposition and progressive OM accumulation in boreal forests, particularly towards later successional stages. These results are indicative of the contrasting roles of EMF and ERI in regulating belowground OM storage.
Histone demethylase KDM3C regulates the lncRNA GAS5–miR‐495‐3p–PHF8 axis in cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Qi Feng , Du Dongdong , Wu Naishi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a pathological phenotype of cardiomyopathy. Epigenetic modification is a mechanism associated with CH. Our study here investigated the histone demethylase KDM3C in relation to epigenetic regulation in CH. We found that KDM3C mRNA silencing alleviated CH, as evidenced by reduced ANP, BNP, and β‐MHC mRNAs, increased α‐MHC mRNA, decreased cell surface area, and reduced cellular protein/DNA ratios. Specifically, KDM3C upregulated miR‐200c‐3p expression through demethylation of H3K9me2, leading to enhanced binding of miR‐200c‐3p to GAS5 and suppression of GAS5 expression; these effects then led to reduced binding of GAS5 to miR‐495‐3p, increased miR‐495‐3p expression, and repression of PHF8 transcription. Through these mechanisms, our data indicate that KDM3C‐dependent epigenetic modification promotes CH.
Intravenous ondansetron reduced nausea but not pruritus following intrathecal morphine in children: Interim results of a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐control trial
Authors: Putnam Elizabeth M. , Hong Rebecca A. , Park John M. , Li Ying , Leis Aleda , Malviya Shobha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThis study's purpose was to determine if ondansetron can prevent pruritus after administration of intrathecal morphine in children, as has been demonstrated in adults.DesignA double‐blinded, randomized placebo‐controlled trial.SettingOperating room and first 24 h postoperative inpatient stay at an academic children's hospital.PatientsForty‐six children aged 3–17 years, who received 4–5 mcg/kg intrathecal morphine for urological or orthopedic procedures were included.InterventionsChildren were randomized to receive intravenous ondansetron (treatment) or saline placebo (placebo), prior to intrathecal morphine administration, and q6H for 24 h thereafter. Intraoperative anti‐emetics and postoperative rescue treatments for pruritus and nausea were standardized.MeasurementsPatients were interviewed q6H for scored pruritus, nausea, and pain, using standardized scales.Main ResultsThe trial was terminated for futility after interim analysis. Forty‐six children were recruited and 45 completed data collection. No significant difference was found between both groups for incidence of pruritus (requiring treatment) [relative risk (RR) 0.9, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.2], during the first postoperative 24 h. Notably, the incidence of pruritus was 84% overall, much higher than rates in previously published studies. Intravenous ondansetron significantly reduced the incidence of nausea, compared with the placebo group [RR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9].ConclusionsThis study found no evidence for intravenous ondansetron as an effective preventative for pruritus following intrathecal morphine in children. However, this RCT did find that the rate of pruritus following intrathecal morphine administration may be significantly higher than previously thought. Nausea and vomiting (a secondary outcome) were reduced significantly in the treatment group. The negative findings of this study reinforce the potential dangers of extrapolating the drug effects seen in adults onto pediatric patients.
Training clinicians to become leaders of complex change: Lessons from Scotland
Authors: Thakore Shobhan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClinicians are trained to diagnose disease and recommend treatments or procedures. This is the focus of much of undergraduate training, but delivery of healthcare depends on so much more than theoretical knowledge and technical skill. It is a complex environment where professionals from different backgrounds have to work together to deliver safe pathways of care to patients who have very varied backgrounds. This can lead to inefficiency and variation in provision of care and clinical outcomes. In turn, this can negatively impact on the experience of patients and staff. Attempting to change this complex environment requires a unique set of skills. This article describes an international fellowship that creates a network of individuals skilled in quality improvement, human factors, service design and leadership.
Comparative analysis of R2R3‐MYB transcription factors in the flower of Iris laevigata identifies a novel gene regulating tobacco cold tolerance
Authors: Yang J. , Yu S. , Shi G. F. , Yan L. , Lv R. T. , Ma Z. , Wang L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Breeding for flower cold resistance is a priority for flower breeding research in northern China. The identification of cold resistance genes will not only provide genetic resources for cold resistance breeding, but also form a basis for the study of plant cold resistance mechanisms.
Based on the flower transcriptome of Iris laevigata, 20 R2R3‐MYBs were identified and comprehensive analysis, including conservative domain, phylogenetic analyses and functional distribution, were performed for R2R3‐MYBs. Expression patterns of the abiotic stress genes under cold stress were detected, the upregulated gene was genetically transformed into tobacco, and the related physiological indicators of the transgenic tobacco were measured.
A novel cold resistance gene, IlMYB306, was obtained. qRT‐PCR indicated that IlMYB306 was dramatically induced by cold stress and was significantly upregulated in roots. The free proline content, MDA, SOD and POD activity of the transgenic tobacco improved after cold stress, and the chlorophyll content decreased slowly. In addition, overexpression of IlMYB306 improved cold resistance of the seeds. SEM results showed leaves of transgenic tobacco had obvious folds, more grooves and bulges on the lower leaf surface.
Overall, we report a novel cold resistance R2R3‐MYB gene, IlMYB306, in the flower of I. laevigata, which could improve tobacco cold stress tolerance by thickening the waxy layer, increasing antioxidant activity and the content of proline.
Optimization of active surveillance strategies for heterogeneous patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Denton Brian T. , Morgan Todd M. 
Published: July 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is common in American men with long latent periods, during which the disease is asymptomatic. Active surveillance is a monitoring strategy commonly used for patients diagnosed with low‐risk PCa who may harbor latent high‐risk PCa. The optimal monitoring strategy attempts to minimize the disutility of testing while ensuring that the patient is detected at the earliest time when the disease progresses. Unfortunately, guidelines for the active surveillance of PCa are often one‐size‐fits‐all strategies that ignore the heterogeneity among multiple patient types. In contrast, personalized strategies based on partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) models are challenging to implement in practice given the large number of possible strategies that can be used. This article presents a two‐stage stochastic programming approach that selects a set of strategies for predefined cardinality based on patients' disease risks. The first‐stage decision variables include binary variables for the selection of periods at which to test patients in each strategy and the assignment of multiple patient types to strategies. The objective is to maximize a weighted reward function that considers the need for cancer detection, missed detection, and cost of monitoring patients. We discuss the structure and complexity of the model and reformulate a logic‐based Bender's decomposition formulation that can solve realistic instances to optimality. We present a case study for the active surveillance of PCa and show that our model results in strategies that vary in intensity according to patient disease risk. Finally, we show that our model can generate a small number of strategies that can significantly improve the existing “one‐size‐fits‐all” guideline strategies used in practice.
Prediabetes and the incidence of dementia in general population: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Wang Qihao , Li Xinying , Teng Nan , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinuous hyperglycaemia has been related with dementia. However, it remains unclear whether prediabetes poses a higher risk of dementia. A meta‐analysis was therefore conducted to comprehensively investigate the possible role of prediabetes as a risk factor of dementia.MethodsProspective cohort studies reporting the association of prediabetes and dementia were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. A random‐effects model was applied to combine the results by incorporating the influence of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore the influences of study features on the relationship. Sensitivity analysis re‐estimated the combined effect size after excluding single studies separately to explore the robustness of the results.ResultsNine studies involving 29 986 adults from the general population, 6265 (20.9%) of whom had prediabetes, were included. It was shown that prediabetes was not independently associated with a higher incidence of dementia compared with normoglycaemia (adjusted risk ratio (RR): 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85–1.21, P = 0.89, I2 = 39%). Subgroup analyses according to the definitions of prediabetes, follow‐up duration, method for diagnosis of dementia, and quality score produced similar findings (P for all subgroup differences >0.05). In addition, prediabetes was not independently associated with the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.98–1.56, P = 0.07, I2 = 0%) or vascular dementia (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.70–1.92, P = 0.56, I2 = 0%). Different definitions of prediabetes have the potential to influence the results, as reflected in the subgroup analysis for Alzheimer's disease (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.60, P = 0.01, I2 = 0%).ConclusionsPrediabetes may not be an independent risk factor of all‐cause dementia or vascular dementia in the general adult population. However, changing the definition of prediabetes may have an impact on the outcome for Alzheimer's disease.
Evaluation of depression, social support and quality of life in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in semi‐rural Turkey
Authors: Çalişkan Pala Seval , Ünsal Alaettin , Arslantaş Didem , Öcal Ece Elif , Dağtekin Gökçe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in a semi‐rural area in a city in Turkey and to evaluate perceived social support and quality of life by examining some of the variables thought to be related.MethodsThe study was conducted on 827 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 40–60 years. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, some variables associated with depression, questions from the Beck Depression Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and European Health Impact Scale ‐ Quality of Life‐8 (EUROHIS‐QOL‐8) scale.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 23.1% (n = 191) in the study. The prevalence of depression was found to be higher in single/widowed/separated individuals (odds ratio (OR): 2.539; 95% CI: 1.593–4.047) and at poor income levels (1.980; 1.000–3.021). The frequency of depression was found to be lower in those who gave birth once or twice (0.470; 0.294–0.752), those with a high level of social support (0.959; 0.948–0.971), and those with a high level of QOL (0.836; 0.794–0.879). There was a moderate negative correlation between the depression scale and QOL scale scores (r = −0.405, P = 0.001). A weak negative correlation was found between depression and social support scores (r = −0.383, P = 0.001).ConclusionWomen are more vulnerable to depression in premenopausal and postmenopausal periods. Being single/widowed, having a poor income level, having low social support, and low QOL are important risk factors which increase the frequency of depression.
District nurses' perspectives on health‐promotive and disease‐preventive work at primary health care centres: A qualitative study
Authors: Lundin Gurné Frida , Jakobsson Sofie , Lidén Eva , Björkman Ida 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealth promotion and disease prevention are of utmost importance for sustainable health care and primary health care. District nurses play a key role in primary health care centres, where they meet people suffering from, and/or having risk factors for, non‐communicable diseases.AimThe study aim was to describe district nurses' perspectives on their health‐promotive/disease‐preventive work at primary health care centres.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 16 district nurses at primary health care centres in Sweden. An interpretive descriptive approach was employed for the analysis.FindingsThe district nurses integrated a focus on health‐promotive and disease‐preventive work into every patient encounter, which manifested through four intertwined themes: finding opportunities and striving for visibility; building relationships; considering patients' life situations; and inviting patients to share responsibility. Our findings show how, through a flexible approach, the district nurses strived for equal health and care for all, and how the care was built on a shared responsibility between the district nurse and patient, where district nurses aimed to empower patients to take action for their own health.ConclusionThe district nurses described health‐promotive endeavours, in line with person‐centred care in prioritising building relationships with patients, starting from their lived experience. They spoke of barriers, at both micro and macro levels, to health‐promotive/disease‐preventive work. These included language barriers, the impact of the media, and the overall organisation of primary health care. The work at primary health care centres should be restructured to clarify the district nurse's role, and to strengthen community outreach, and thereby improve individuals' access to support in lifestyle changes.