bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benign Laryngeal Lesions
Authors: Straub Jeffrey , Kim Brandon 
Published: January 2022

Benign laryngeal lesions represent a diverse set of pathologies whose clinical presentation may range from no symptoms to dyspnea and/or dysphonia. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and videolaryngostroboscopy are important in distinguishingdifferent types of lesions, and management and treatment are dependent on the identification of these lesions, as they have different etiologies. Some lesions such as vocal fold nodules and polyps are primarily phonotraumatic and may benefit fromspeech therapy and vocal hygiene as initial approaches. Vocal fold cysts and benign tumors may benefit from microlaryngeal approaches, while capillary ectasias, polypoid corditis, laryngoceles, saccular cysts, and papilloma may benefit from laser therapy. Vocal fold granulomas may arise from various etiologies such as intubation, traumatic behaviors, or reflux. Polypoid corditis arises from smoking. This review is intended to provide an overview of the variety of lesions that encompass non-malignant laryngeal lesions that is both suitable for junior and senior residents.

This review contains 12 figures, 5 tables, and 64 references
Keywords: Benign laryngeal lesions, Laryngocele, Polyp, Cyst, Polypoid Corditis, Papilloma
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA MONERGI (MONOPOLI ENERGI) UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP IPA SISWA SD
Authors: Ulfaeni Siti 
Published: January 2022

This research applied media development monergi (monopoli energi) which helps the students understanding of science and how implementation media monergi (monopoli energi) be able to increase the students understanding in science.This subject of the research were students 3B grade, academic year 2016/2017 with total students 38. The data from this research calculated by pretest and also posttest, questionnaire responds the students about the media. Questionnaire from expert validations media and also material. The scoring expert validations media and also material trough 2 steps, found from presentation from validation 1 and 2 that will be found the average presentation 77% with the criteria "valid" and 98% with the criteria "perfect", from the expert validations 1 and 2 we found the results that were 92% and 98% with the criteria is "perfect", and the result student responds about media monergi (monopoli energi) is 93% with "perfect" criteria. The result of student understanding concept pre-test was 49% and post-test was 84% there is enhancement. Therefore the capability of students understanding in science concept was increased. The conclusion was media learning of monergi (monopoli energi) valid to increase students understanding science concept the students 3B SDN sdn Pedurungan Kidul 02 Ssemarang.Keywords: research and development, monergi (monopoli energi), the ability in concept understanding
Perkembangan Moral Anak Usia Dini Usia 0-6 Tahun dan Stimulasinya
Authors: Afnita Juli , Latipah Eva 
Published: January 2022

Early childhood is also a group of children aged 0-6 years. So children at an early age as the golden age (Golde Age) which only happens once in their life. Early childhood is a period of development which is very important for his life. Because during this period of development, all the potential that the child has, needs encouragement that can develop optimally. At this time one of the attitudes that children must have is to be a good and right human being towards their parents, teachers and in the community. Although the main role of parents is to stimulate their development, teachers in schools are also very necessary in laying the foundation for the moral development of early childhood. Therefore, in the development of moral values, it is closely related to the character of children that must become an habituation in their daily life. With the teacher designing more programmed learning activities and learning media that can lead children to moral values, because it is very influential for early childhood playing in designing interesting games as well as fun to develop morein children's moral development.
Early childhood is also a group of children aged 0-6 years. So children at an early age as the golden age (Golde Age) which only happens once in their life. Early childhood is a period of development which is very important for his life. Because during this period of development, all the potential that the child has, needs encouragement that can develop optimally. At this time one of the attitudes that children must have is to be a good and right human being towards their parents, teachers and in the community. Although the main role of parents is to stimulate their development, teachers in schools are also very necessary in laying the foundation for the moral development of early childhood. Therefore, in the development of moral values, it is closely related to the character of children that must become an habituation in their daily life. With the teacher designing more programmed learning activities and learning media that can lead children to moral values, because it is very influential for early childhood playing in designing interesting games as well as fun to develop morein children's moral development.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE STANDARDS IN ISLAMIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOL OF KEEROM-PAPUA
Authors: Umkabu Talabuddin , Ramah Bahaking , Muzakkir Muzakkir , Azisah St. 
Published: January 2022

This paper describes community participation in the development of standard facilities and infrastructure for Islamic Elementary School of Keerom-Papua. This type is qualitative research, the research approach is a phenomenological perspective and a descriptive analysis approach, data sources are primary data and secondary data, data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation, research instruments namely, researchers as key instruments, observation guides, interview guides and reference documentation, processing techniques and data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification, data validity testing, namely triangulation techniques, checking the correctness of information, discussing and consulting data, and extending the research time. The results showed community participation in the development of standard facilities and infrastructure at Islamic Elementary School of Keerom-Papua concluded that the community was enthusiastic about participating in building mushallah/mosque and procuring canteens and greenhouses. Boarding and equalizing the madrasah yard, fencing the front door of the madrasah, making madrasah fish pond gardens, and the land used as the location for the construction of madrasah and mosques are the provision of traditional leaders (non-Muslims) and the procurement of sports equipment, while the procurement of the main facilities, specifically for Islamic Elementary School The private sector shows that there is participation but it is not maximal while public Islamic Elementary School have not seen maximum community participation, it is due to a lack of public awareness of a sense of responsibility in developing madrasah, and building communication to exchange opinions with the community about the importance of community participation in developing madrasah as a charity Jariyah and social activities.
DISTRIBUTION OF ZAKAT AND GRDP PER CAPITA IN SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Gustang A , Hamzah Nasir , Hara Muslimin K , Abdullah Muh. Wahyuddin 
Published: January 2022

This study purpose to test empirically the effect of consumptive ZIS distribution on the ZIS distribution for economic activities and the provision of capital and per capita GRDP. To test the effect of ZIS distribution for economic activities and capital providing on GDP per capita. To test the effect of the consumptive ZIS distribution on the GDP per capita through the ZIS distribution for economic activities and capital providing. The type of research used is quantitative with an explanatory approach. The study population was the districts and cities in South Sulawesi. The data used are: consumptive ZIS distribution, ZIS distribution for economic activities and capital providing and GRDP per capita according to the business fields and constant prices in the form of published documents. The sample used was 105 in the form of data panels consisting of 21 districts and cities using 5 years of documentation data (2015-2019). Data processing and analysis techniques use panel data regression statistical tests and path analysis using Eviews program data processing. The results showed that: (1) Increasing the distribution of consumptive ZIS can increase ZIS distribution for economic activities and capital providing and GRDP per capita. (2) Increasing the distribution of ZIS for economic activities and capital providing can increase GDP per capita. (3) Increasing the consumptive ZIS distribution can increase GDP per capita by increasing the ZIS distribution for economic activities and capital providing. The implication of the research results using the consumptive ZIS distribution approach model and the ZIS distribution for economic activities and the capital providing can be used as an instrument to increase GDP per capita directly and indirectly. This implication can be achieved by encouraging an increase in the consumptive ZIS distribution and the ZIS distribution for economic activities and the provision of capital as well as public awareness of the obligation of zakat.
المفردات العربية وطرق التعليم المناسبة بها
Authors: Rappe Rappe , Syamsuri Syamsuri , Djuaeni Muhammad Napis 
Published: January 2022

تجريد البحثالغرض من هذا البحث هو وصف أحوال المفردات العربية واختيار الطرق التعليمية المناسبة لها. نوع هذا البحث هو البحث المكتبى. هذا النوع من البحث الوصفى النوعى . مفردات اللغة العربية هى مجموعات الكلمات العربية التى تكون أدوات لبنية الجمل العربية المفيدة ، فأما المفردات العربية تنقسم إلى ثلاثة أقسام وهو فعل واسم وحرف . وتكون هناك أنواع من طرق التعليم التى تناسب بكيفيات تعليم المفردات العربية على الطلاب منها طريقة التقليد والحفظ( (Mimicy-Memorization Method و طريقة لغز الكلمات المتقاطعة، و طريقة عرض البطاقات المصورة باللحظة (Flash Card) و طريقة الإشارة العملية، و طريقة القواعد والترجمة، و الطريقة المباشرة. وبواسطة تنفيذ هذه الطرق فى تعليم المفردات العربية تكون هذه المفردات ممتعة للطلاب فى تعلمها و سهلة عليهم لحفظها و ممارستها فى الإتصالية .AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan hal ihwal kosa kata-kosa kata Bahasa Arab dan metode pembelajarannya yang sesuai jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (Library Research) dengan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Mufradat Bahasa Arab adalah kumpulan kata-kata Bahasa Arab yang menjadi bahan baku untuk membuat kalimat-kalimat dalam Bahasa Arab. Adapun jenis kata/mufradat dalam bahasa terbagi tiga yaitu isim (Kata Benda dan Sejenisnya), Fi’il (Kata Kerja), dan Harf (Preposisi). Terdapat beberapa jenis metode yang relevan dalam pembelajaran mufradat yaitu, metode min-mem, metode flash card, metode teka-teki silang, metode unjuk kerja, metode qawaid tarjamah, dan metode langsung. Metode-metode di atas dekat dipilih sebagai alternatif untuk mengajarkan mufradat Bahasa Arab sesuai dengan tingkat kemampuan peserta didik.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Surface-Treated Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy with MWCNTs Coatings
Authors: Majkowska-Marzec Beata , Sypniewska Joanna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Laser surface modification of titanium alloys is one of the main methods of improving the properties of titanium alloys used in implantology. This study investigates the microstructural morphology of a laser-modified surface layer on a Ti13Nb13Zr alloy with and without a carbon nanotube coating deposited by electrophoretic deposition. Laser modification was performed for samples with and without carbon nanotube coating for two different laser powers of 800 W and 900 W and for different scan rates: 3 mm/s or 6 mm/s at 25 Hz, and the pulse duration was 2.25 ms or 3.25 ms. A scanning electron microscope SEM was used to evaluate the surface structure of the modified samples. To observe the heat-affected zones of the individual samples, metallographic samples were taken and observed under an optical microscope. Surface wettability tests were performed using a goniometer. A surface roughness test using a profilograph and a nanoindentation test by NanoTest™ Vantage was also performed. Observations of the microstructure allowed to state that for higher laser powers the surfaces of the samples are more homogeneous without defects, while for lower laser powers the path of the laser beam is clearer and more regular. Examination of the microstructure of the cross-sections indicated that the samples on which the carbon nanotube coating was deposited are characterized by a wider heat affected zone, and for the samples modified at 800 W and a feed rate of 3 mm/s the widest heat affected zone is observed. The wettability tests revealed that all the samples exhibit hydrophilic surfaces and the samples with deposited carbon nanotube coating increase it further. Surface roughness testing showed a significant increase in Ra for the laser-modified samples, and the presence of carbon nanotubes further increased this value. Nanoindentation studies showed that the laser modification and the presence of carbon coating improved the mechanical properties of the samples due to their strength.
Entrepreneurship Factors Among Developed Countries and Emerging Regions
Authors: Potts Mark D , Affholter Joseph A , Harless Sydney 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial activity by assessing the relative importance of eight entrepreneurial readiness factors across countries in different regions and stages of economic development. Drawing on the literature, this paper identifies eight principle national entrepreneurial readiness factors (NERFs) as (1) business freedom; (2) investment freedom; (3) investor protection; (4) property rights protection; (5) technological readiness; (6) innovation; (7) freedom from corruption; and (8) access to risk capital. NERF country data is subjected to a linear regression analysis for each factor’s influence on the sum of all eight factors which is called a country’s National Entrepreneurial Readiness Value (NERV). Six South East European countries, eight South American countries, ten South East Asian countries, and six West African countries are compared against one another and the benchmark of the four largest G7 economies. Results of this analysis are presented and show that investor protection, property rights protection, and freedom from corruption are the most impactful entrepreneurial readiness factors. These findings present future research implications of how these results link to endowments and relate to improving entrepreneurial readiness.
Investigation of porosity behavior in SLS polyamide-12 samples using ex-situ X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Ziółkowski Grzegorz , Grochowska Emilia , Kęszycki Dawid , Gruber Piotr , Hoppe Viktoria , Szymczyk-Ziółkowska Patrycja , Kurzynowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a detailed description of the method of carrying out static tensile tests in ex-situ X-ray computed tomography (XCT) conditions. The study compares samples manufactured with the use of additive technology in two orientations, horizontally and vertically, which correspond to the in-layer and between-layer sintering mechanisms. Both the fracture mechanism and porosity behavior differed significantly for the two manufacturing directions. The conducted analysis made it possible to compare the changes in porosity, the number of pores, and also their diameters and shape before and after the tensile test. This allows for in-depth identification and better understanding of the phenomena occurring during the static tensile test of polyamide-12 samples manufactured using selective laser sintering (SLS) technology.
Mantra Pengasihan Tungtung Tangis Perspektif Bentuk Fungsi dan Makna
Authors: Brahmandika Pande Gede 
Published: January 2022

<em><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of this study was to describe the form, function and meaning of the pangasihan tungtung tangis mantra. This research uses functional structural theory and meaning theory. The method used is a qualitative method. The instruments used in this study were interviews, observations, in-depth literature study of the informants. Determination of informants using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study are: first, the tungtung tangis mantra as a subtle form of pangasihan is used to attract one's opponent to sympathy. In its development, the tungtung tangis mantra can be used as a chuckle or buntilan or gegemet (provision) to obtain someone's desire to be fulfilled. Second, the form of shading the target so that it is precisely the sasran to the recipient of the pangasihan tungtung tangis mantra. </span></em>
Optimalisasi Peran Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia sebagai Wahana Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik dalam Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA)
Authors: Setiawan Budhi 
Published: January 2022

<em><span lang="EN-US">The effectuation of ASEAN Economic Community as of 2015 has demanded education institution to prepare qualified graduates equipped with various competencies according to their own fields of professionalism and expertise. In the ASEAN Economic Community era, each nation is predicted to tightly compete as to be a qualitatively and quantitatively prominent nation in its products either in the economic sector, in the cultural sector, or in the scientific and technological sector. It is necessary to be aware that the excellence or superiority of a nation is measured not only on the natural resources owned but also on the excellence of its human resources, in this case, namely: graduates of education institutions who are capable of encountering and dealing with all the future challenges promptly amid the very tight competition. To produce graduates with such profiles, at least a certain model of education is required, namely: the education model which is effectively able produce graduates bearing the expected characteristics. Similarly, the Indonesian language education shall be able to prepare learners with quality and excellence in the ASEAN Economic Community era. The learners (graduates) who are well-prepared to encounter ASEAN Economic Community shall bear the following: (1) in-depth mastery of science and technology (content); (2) good communication ability between the people; (3) high cognition or reliable intelligence; and (4) the characterization of national culture. </span></em>
Nilai- Nilai yang Terkandung dalam Satua Cetrung
Authors: Tresnawati Ni Made Ari 
Published: January 2022

<em><span lang="EN-US">Balinese literature is historical evidence of Balinese society, which is one part of the national culture which is domiciled as a vehicle for cultural expression which contains aesthetic, religious, and socio-political processing of Balinese society. Satua Bali is one of the traditional Balinese literatures called oral literature. Satua is also a means of moral and character education in children that must be instilled from an early age to shape children's character. By providing indirect guidance through satua (fairy tales), the character, mentality, attitude, and behavior of the child will definitely be affected as well. This is because the aspect of the value of the unit is indeed very high, useful, and useful. Satua Cetrung is a literary work that contains noble values and can be used as a guide in life. The values contained include: religious, logical values , and ethical values.</span></em>
Pendidikan Seks dalam Lontar Smara Krida Laksana
Authors: Putri Ni Putu Oka Anggi Carissa 
Published: January 2022

<table width="0" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="604"><p>In the lontar contains a lot of education as contained in the Smara Krida Laksana lontar, the Smara Krida Laksana lontar contains knowledge about sexual intercourse etiquette, drugs, ingredients, and spells used as sexual treatment. Sex is not only known to married people but sex can also be known by teenagers as knowledge when married. So that in modern times like today teenagers are not exposed to free sex. As explained above, the contents of this lontar can be said to be unique because it talks about the treatment of sexuality. So that the research is said to be valid, the method of collecting data is used. The type of data used is qualitative data because the data obtained is in the form of sentences, not numbers. The methods used to collect data are literature, documents, and interviews. In the data analysis, data reduction, data presentation, data conclusions were used. The results of this study were in the manners and sex treatment system, it was found that the manners of sexual intercourse were good for married people and the drugs, ingredients, and spells used as treatment. The second problem formulation discusses sex education, religious education and ethics education are obtained, and the last problem formulation deals with the behavior of teenagers' sexual relations today and the relationship between Smara Krida Laksana's lontar with married people, especially teenagers today.</p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
THE CONCEPT OF YAJNA IN VARAHA PURANA
Authors: Diantary Ni Made Yunitha Asri , Somawati Ayu Veronika 
Published: January 2022

<p class="p2">Yajna is a sacrifice made by every human being with a sincere sense. Yajna has an important influence in living everyday life. In practice, yajna is not only measured by material things, but yajna can also be offered in a non-material or spiritual form. The concept of yajna can not only be seen and learned from the implementation of the ceremony, but the concept of yajna also contained in many Hindu sacred literature such as Varaha Purana. Varaha Purana is a sacred text that tells about the greatness of Lord Vishnu. In this text Lord Vishnu is incarnated in the form of a wild boar. Varaha purana has a connection with Varaha Yajna's conception, which yajna here has dynamic power in the creation of the cosmos. While varaha is the power that lifts the earth from destruction and destruction. The concept of yajna is widely discussed in this Purana. Various types of yajna are explained in this purana such as worshiping Lord Vishnu, giving love to parents, sharing alms with poor people, carrying out ceremonies to ancestors, and doing Dana Punia (good and holy gift). Yajna itself has a very big impact and influence on social life in society, religius life on each individual or group and also the impact of harmony. The method used in this research is descriptive method that will systematically describe the concept of yajna in Varaha Purana.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>