bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
God Extra-Phenomenal
Authors: Falque Emmanuel , Steinmann Jan Juhani 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
What does God do with the “holes” or “troumatisms” that comprise the limits of our existence, that “original solitude” whereby we are confronted with the impending annihilation of all sense? Are we left enclosed in it or does God accompany us there? This essay considers to what extent Christ’s descent on Holy Saturday takes part in the extra-phenomenal “impossibility of possibility” of this original solitude. Such a consideration requires distinguishing between that “underworld” Christ descends to on the Second Day from the sin that is the proper domain of “hell.” Christ descending to the underworld marks God entering our finitude so it may be transformed (Holy Saturday) rather than our faults so that we may be resurrected (Last Judgment). Philosophically, Holy Saturday, as the ab-sense and non-sense residing between Crucifixion (Good Friday) and Resurrection (Easter Sunday), exemplifies the extra-phenomenal in which nothing is manifested (phenomenology) nor signified (hermeneutics). This intermediate realm is then one in which God comes to meet us at the limit of our own finitude.
A Humble Vessel for the Water of Life
Authors: Phillip Filiz Çakır 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the form and function of drinking vessels and their role and meaning in relationship to Arabic and Persian inscriptions within Islamic metalwork. The focus is a thirteenth-century jug from the Aga Khan Museum Collection. While similar jugs have been variously considered as vessels for water, wine, or sherbet, the anonymous epigrapher of the bilingual inscriptions on this example refers to water as the “water of life” (Pers. āb-e ḥayāt). These inscriptions prompt an examination of the relationship between object, image, and text in connection with water, an elixir of long or eternal life, in both a secular setting and a courtly context.
Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information: Improving Monitoring and Forecasts of Precipitation, Streamflow, and Coastal Flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Cifelli Rob , Chandrasekar V. , Herdman L. , Turner D. D. , White A. B. , Alcott T. I. , Anderson M. , Barnard P. , Biswas S. K. , Boucher M. , Bytheway J. , Chen H. , Cutler H. , English J. M. , Erikson L. , Junyent F. , Gottas D. J. , Jasperse J. , Johnson L. E. , Krebs J. , van de Lindt J. , Kim J. , Leon M. , Ma Y. , Marquis M. , Moninger W. , Pratt G. , Radhakrishnan C. , Shields M. , Spaulding J. , Tehranirad B. , Webb R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) is a synergistic project that combines observations and models to improve monitoring and forecasts of precipitation, streamflow, and coastal flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area. As an experimental system, AQPI leverages more than a decade of research, innovation, and implementation of a statewide, state-of-the-art network of observations, and development of the next generation of weather and coastal forecast models. AQPI was developed as a prototype in response to requests from the water management community for improved information on precipitation, riverine, and coastal conditions to inform their decision-making processes. Observation of precipitation in the complex Bay Area landscape of California’s coastal mountain ranges is known to be a challenging problem. But, with new advanced radar network techniques, AQPI is helping fill an important observational gap for this highly populated and vulnerable metropolitan area. The prototype AQPI system consists of improved weather radar data for precipitation estimation; additional surface measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and soil moisture; and a suite of integrated forecast modeling systems to improve situational awareness about current and future water conditions from sky to sea. Together these tools will help improve emergency preparedness and public response to prevent loss of life and destruction of property during extreme storms accompanied by heavy precipitation and high coastal water levels—especially high-moisture laden atmospheric rivers. The Bay Area AQPI system could potentially be replicated in other urban regions in California, the United States, and worldwide.
The Hunt for Missing Tornadoes: Using Satellite Imagery to Detect and Document Historical Tornado Damage in Canadian Forests
Authors: Kunkel Joanne , Hanesiak John , Sills David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Historical tornado events from 1982 to 2020 were documented within Canada’s forested regions using high-resolution satellite imagery. Tornado forest disturbances were identified using a three-step process: 1) detecting, 2) assessing, and 3) dating each event. A grid of 120 km × 120 km boxes was created covering Canada (excluding the extreme north). Of the 484 boxes, 367 were manually searched. Once a long, narrow region of tree damage was detected, it was first cross-referenced with known tornado databases to ensure it was a unique event. Once events were classified as either tornadic or downburst, the coordinates of the start, worst damage, and end locations were documented, as well as the direction of motion, damage indicators, degree of damage, estimated maximum wind speed, and F/EF-scale rating. In total, 231 previously unknown tornadoes were identified. In Ontario, 103 events were discovered, followed by 98 in Quebec, 9 in Manitoba, 6 in Saskatchewan, 9 in Alberta, 5 in British Columbia, and 1 in New Brunswick. The largest number of discovered tornadoes occurred in 2015, and the largest number of strong F2 tornadoes occurred in 2005. Most of the discovered tornadoes occurred in July for both F/EF1 and F/EF2 ratings. Most tornado tracks had widths between 200 and 400 m, and more than 50% of the tornadoes had a pathlength of less than 10 km. Of all the events that were discovered, 125 events could be fully dated, 19 were dated only by month, 41 were dated only by year, and 46 remained undated.
Responses of Coastal Upwelling to Tidally Induced Bottom Friction Dynamics and Plume-Modulated Geostrophy: A Process-Oriented Modeling Study
Authors: Cheng Weicong , Gan Jianping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We used a high-resolution cross-shelf two-dimensional numerical model to investigate the response of coastal wind-driven upwelling circulation to barotropic tidal forcing and lateral buoyant discharge over a broad continental shelf. We found that the tidally amplified asymmetric friction effect arising from the interaction between tidal and subtidal currents modulated the upwelling structure across the shelf. The interaction weakened the water outcropping (upwelling) in the inner shelf due to tidally amplified mixing, but enhanced cross-shore velocity offshore due to tidally induced asymmetric friction effect and nonlinear advection. The enhanced mixing changed the density in the bottom boundary layer and subsequently in the upwelling front, which eventually weakened the geostrophic alongshore flow. The mass and stratification inputs of the lateral buoyant discharge weakened or even reversed geostrophic dynamics for alongshore and upslope transports. The reversed cross-shore density and elevation gradient induced by the buoyant influx weakened the alongshore current and the associated bottom friction effect. The upslope cross-shore transport was reduced due to weakened alongshore flow and the associated bottom Ekman transport. The mass of buoyant influx compensated for the wind-driven offshore transport in the upper layer. The upwelling could be reversed to downwelling when the transport of lateral influx exceeded the wind-driven offshore transport. The responses of upwelling circulation to tidal and lateral buoyancy forcing highlighted in this process-oriented study are fundamental for interpreting more complex wind-driven shelf circulation.
Two Quasi-Linear Convective Systems, Their Mesoscale Structure and Moisture Sources
Authors: Hitchcock Stacey M. , Lane Todd P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Over half of the total rainfall and more than 70% of heavy and extreme rainfall in the Melbourne, Australia, region occurs on days with linearly organized precipitation. These systems are typically convective in nature and frequently associated with cold fronts. It is useful to understand the processes that support extreme rainfall in organized convection, for prediction of both near-term and future extreme rainfall, and the topography and climate of Melbourne are different from many of the regions where QLCSs have been studied more extensively (e.g., the U. S. Great Plains region). On both 7 and 8 December 2010, a QLCS passed through the Melbourne region. Both QLCSs resembled classic systems on radar, but heavy rainfall was much more widespread on the second day. The goals of this work are to 1) understand the processes that drive these seemingly similar QLCSs; 2) explore the relationship between the convective inflow layer and moisture sources; and 3) to better understand the characteristics of rain bearing systems in the Melbourne region, which have received little attention to date. A convection-permitting WRF-ARW simulation captures both events. The mesoscale structure is different in each case, but generally is explainable by the existing theory. The development of a mesoscale downdraft, along with more moisture (and CAPE) over a deeper layer, contributed to higher rainfall totals on the second day. Low-level moisture in the QLCS region comes from the east, and parcel trajectories become increasingly westerly with height. On the second day some parcels originate in the tropics; these tend to have the most moisture.

Significance Statement
A lot of the rain that falls in Melbourne, Australia, occurs in storms that are grouped or “organized” in the shape of a line. Many studies have looked at how lines of storms work in other places in the world. In southeast Australia, only one study in the 1980s looked at observations of a line of storms. Since then, our understanding of storms and our ability to use computer models to simulate them has improved considerably. In this study we simulate two lines of storms that happened two days in a row. We found that even though they looked similar on weather radar, they had many differences including how air flows through the storm, the role of rain-cooled air, and where moisture comes from.
Toward Coequality of the Social Sciences in the National Climate Assessment
Authors: Maxwell Keely , Eisenhauer Emily , Lustig Allyza 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Integration of the social sciences into climate assessments enhances report content and actionable science. The literature has identified the benefits and challenges in achieving coequal intellectual partnerships between the social and biogeophysical sciences in climate research. Less has been written on how to rectify the issue in the particular institutional context of a climate assessment. This article uses qualitative research methods to analyze social science integration in the United States’ Fourth National Climate Assessment. It presents findings from focus groups held with social science– and nonsocial science–trained report authors. It finds that knowledge governance, or the formal and informal mechanisms shaping how information is produced and used, and cultural worldviews about the role of social sciences in assessments and assessments in society, affected social science integration. Report authors’ principal orientation toward the social sciences was as a means of achieving what they saw as the assessment’s public function, namely, to support education, decision-making, and action. Author expertise, report framing, and knowledge systems were other key themes that emerged. Based on this analysis, we propose potential pathways toward coequal intellectual partnerships in assessments by expanding the diversity of chapter teams’ expertise, enhancing connections between authors and society, reconsidering report framing, and broadening inclusion of knowledge systems. We also discuss the potential role of applying social science theories and methods throughout the report life cycle from framing and engagement to evaluation.

Significance Statement
We wanted to understand why the Fourth U.S. National Climate Assessment used the social sciences as it did in order to identify opportunities and obstacles for enhancing social science inclusion. To do so, we held focus groups with assessment authors on their experiences with writing the report. This approach lends insight into the evolving integration of social sciences in climate assessments. Its implications for how to better integrate the social and biogeophysical sciences may be of particular interest to authors and managers of global change assessments and to other readers working on interdisciplinary climate research projects. Future studies could investigate similarities and differences in incorporating the social sciences into global, national, and state-level assessments.
Assessing the Impact of Hands-Free Georgia on Serious Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Quinones Patricia Martinez , Smith Hallie T. , Fox Elizabeth D. , Holsten Steven B. , Lawson Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Background Hands-Free Georgia Law (HB673) was designed to prevent motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) by banning drivers from using their hands for non-driving-related activities, including cell phone use. We investigate HB673 effect on trauma activations secondary to MVCs in Georgia. Methods The Georgia Trauma Registry (GTR) was queried for MVCs from 2017 to 2019, representing the 18 months prior and following implementation of HB673. The number of MVCs for each period and severity of MVC designated by the average injury severity score (ISS) for each trauma activation were collected. Results Prior to implementation, a total of 43 080 traumas were recorded in GTR, 11 111 (25.8%) were attributed to an MVC. Following implementation, 12 130 (23.6%) occurred secondary to MVCs. Statewide MVC-related traumas per 1000 residents increased from 1.07 to 1.14 with increased mortality rate and unchanged median ISS per MVC. Conclusions The Hands-Free Georgia Law seems to have not had a major reduction in mortality in its early implementation.
Fantastic Theories and Where to Find Them: Rethinking Interlocutors in Global IR
Authors: Chu Sinan 
Published: October 2022

How can we appreciate non-Western agency in theorising world politics without reintroducing parochialism and exceptionalism, thus reproducing the very problem that motivated global international relations (IR) in the first place? In this article, I explore an alternative approach to engaging with non-Western IR theories, which I refer to as the embedded observer approach. First, taking the scholarship on Chinese IR as an example, I argue that the present predicament of global IR is in part attributable to the way scholars engage with non-Western political thought. Drawing from discussions in critical IR and Comparative Political Theory, I propose a methodological adjustment for the study of non-Western theories. Specifically, I argue that by shifting focus from isolated scholars and texts to critical dialogues among autochthonous intellectuals, the researcher has the chance to learn about and appreciate the clashes of ideas, analytical perspectives, and methodological tools that together constitute the living intellectual tradition in a non-Western society. As a demonstration, I analyse the People’s Republic of China (PRC) scholars’ critical reaction to Zhao Tingyang’s Tianxia System through the lens of three key topics in the debate over the thesis. The discussion highlights the need to rethink interlocutors in global IR and the utility of an embedded observer approach for engaging with knowledge traditions beyond the West, both in IR and beyond. 神奇理论在哪里？反思全球国际关系学中的对话者
A study on the correlation between M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells in the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Yanlei , Gao Yu , Ma Xueqian , Wang Yanping , Liu Jinhao , Yang Chunyu , Wang Yue , Bao Cuifen , Song Xiaoyu , Feng Yang , Sun Yan , Qiao Shifeng 
Published: October 2022

Background M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can promote tumors and development by inhibiting the anti-tumor immune response. This study investigated the effect of CD163-positive M2 macrophages and Foxp3-positive Tregs in the progression of colorectal cancer and lymph node metastasis. It also investigated the correlation between M2 macrophages and Tregs. Methods Postoperative tissue specimens and clinical data were collected from 197 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent initial surgical treatment in The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from March 2020 to December 2020. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression levels of CD163 protein-labeled M2 macrophages and Foxp3 protein-labeled Tregs in colorectal cancer tissues, matched paracancer tissues, and lymph node tissues. The correlation between CD163 and Foxp3 in cancer tissues and lymph node tissues were analyzed, as well as the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and preoperative tumor markers. Results M2 macrophages and Tregs were importantly positively correlated in cancer and lymph node tissues, which significantly increased in cancer and metastatic lymph node tissues. Interestingly, M2 macrophages in non-metastatic lymph nodes also increased significantly in patients with metastatic lymph nodes. In addition, both CD163 and Foxp3 were upregulated with increasing tumor node metastasis stage, depth of infiltration, and lymphatic metastasis; and both were positively correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen. Conclusion CD163 may be a good predictor of pre-metastatic status of colorectal cancer lymph nodes. carcinoembryonic antigen affects the distribution of M2 macrophages and Tregs in colorectal cancer. There is a certain correlation between the two types of cells. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with suppressor Tregs cells, promote an immunosuppressive environment.
Ethical value and challenges of long-term care insurance
Authors: Yucen Weng , Min Chen 
Published: October 2022

Background Issues of the aging population and disability of older persons have been rapidly developing in China over the past 20 years. Since 2016, the Chinese government has been exploring remedies to alleviate social and family burdens and ensure the dignity of the disabled old persons by implementing long-term care insurance systems in a few pilot cities across the country. Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the current challenges faced by China’s long-term care insurance system and put forth suggestions for the future, based on literature research and the feedback obtained from its implementation in pilot areas. Research Design This paper conducts a theoretical study based on the principles of public health ethics. Study Sample Since 2016, China has launched two batches of pilot cities for long-term care insurance. The analysis object of this study is the feedback on the policy implementation of the existing 29 pilot cities that participated. The relevant data involved in the analysis are from the authors' field research and published literature on the analysis of pilot cities. Analysis The ethical value and importance of long-term care insurance policies in China are evaluated from the perspectives of policy philosophy and social individual interests. Results The results of this evaluation show that the core ethical values were not met in the development of China’s current long-term care insurance system. Moreover, distributive justice norms were neglected, and access to the system between different social groups and within the groups covered by it was unequal. Conclusions This paper argues that long-term care insurance should not differentiate between urban and rural areas in allocating nursing resources. Additionally, it would be essential to build democratic supervision and manage public opinions by adopting open and transparent information-sharing policies. Standards of disability assessments and treatment payment should be at par to ensure a balance between the rights and obligations of policyholders.
Sickness absence and disability pension three years before and seven years after first childbirth: A Swedish population-based cohort study
Authors: László Krisztina D. , Svedberg Pia , Lindfors Petra , Lidwall Ulrik , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: October 2022

Aims: There is a widely held belief, in Sweden and internationally, that women with children are more likely to be on sickness absence (SA) than their nulliparous counterparts. However, empirical findings in the field are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to explore initially nulliparous women’s patterns of SA and disability pension (DP) three years before and seven years after 2009, by later parity. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of nulliparous women in Sweden on 31 December 2009 ( N=426,918). We compared crude and standardized numbers of SA/DP net days in the three years before (Y–3 to Y–1) and the seven years (Y+1 to Y+7) after the date of the first birth in 2010 or 2 July 2010 in the following three groups: (1) women with no childbirth during the seven-year follow-up and an additional nine months (i.e. 7.8 years), (2) women with a first childbirth in 2010 and no additional childbirth during the next 7.8 years, and (3) women with their first childbirth in 2010 and minimum one more during the next 7.8 years. Results: Women remaining nulliparous had consistently more standardized mean SA/DP days than women giving birth. Compared with women with one birth, women with several births had similar mean numbers of standardized SA/DP days during Y–3 and Y–2, more during Y+1 to Y+3 and fewer during Y+4 to Y+7. Conclusions: In contrast to the widely held societal belief, we found that in all years women who gave birth had fewer SA/DP days than those remaining nulliparous.
Evaluation of an occupation-based sleep programme for people with Insomnia
Authors: Ho Eris C. M. , Siu Andrew M. H. 
Published: October 2022

Background Sleep problems are a health issue worldwide. Based on the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance model, we developed an occupation-based sleep programme to promote awareness of sleep hygiene factors, promote an environment conductive to sleep, and restructure participation in daytime activities with a focus on occupational balance. Method This study uses a non-equivalent group design to evaluate the effectiveness of an occupation-based sleep intervention among community-dwelling adults with insomnia, when compared with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group which focused on sleep hygiene, and relaxation. Results When compared with the TAU group ( n = 20), the intervention group ( n = 22) had significant improvement in sleep duration, occupational balance, and reduction in mood symptoms at both post treatment and 1-month follow up. Conclusion The results demonstrated that an occupation-based programme is an effective treatment for insomnia disorder and demonstrated the role which occupational therapy could play in primary health care service.