bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesising the existing evidence for non-pharmacological interventions targeting outcomes relevant to young people with ADHD in the school setting: systematic review protocol
Authors: Russell Abigail E. , Moore Darren , Sanders Amy , Dunn Barnaby , Hayes Rachel , Kidger Judi , Sonuga-Barke Edmund , Pfiffner Linda , Ford Tamsin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have impairing levels of difficulty paying attention, impulsive behaviour and/or hyperactivity. ADHD causes extensive difficulties for young people at school, and as a result these children are at high risk for a wide range of poor outcomes. We ultimately aim to develop a flexible, modular ‘toolkit’ of evidence-based strategies that can be delivered by primary school staff to improve the school environment and experience for children with ADHD; the purpose of this review is to identify and quantify the evidence-base for potential intervention components. This protocol sets out our plans to systematically identify non-pharmacological interventions that target outcomes that have been reported to be of importance to key stakeholders (ADHD symptoms, organisation skills, executive-global- and classroom-functioning, quality of life, self-esteem and conflict with teachers and peers). We plan to link promising individual intervention components to measured outcomes, and synthesise the evidence of effectiveness for each outcome.

Methods
A systematic search for studies published from the year 2000 that target the outcomes of interest in children and young people aged 3–12 will be conducted. Titles and abstracts will be screened using prioritisation software, and then full texts of potentially eligible studies will be screened. Systematic reviews, RCTs, non-randomised and case-series studies are eligible designs. Synthesis will vary by the type of evidence available, potentially including a review of reviews, meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Heterogeneity of studies meta-analysed will be assessed, along with publication bias. Intervention mapping will be applied to understand potential behaviour change mechanisms for promising intervention components.

Discussion
This review will highlight interventions that appear to effectively ameliorate negative outcomes that are of importance for people with ADHD, parents, school staff and experts. Components of intervention design and features that are associated with effective change in the outcome will be delineated and used to inform the development of a ‘toolkit’ of non-pharmacological strategies that school staff can use to improve the primary school experience for children with ADHD.

Trial registration
PROSPERO number CRD42021233924
Are estimates of faces’ ages less accurate when they wear sunglasses or face masks and do these disguises make it harder to later recognise the faces when undisguised?
Authors: Thorley Craig , Acton Benjamin , Armstrong Jesse , Ford Shanade , Gundry Margaret 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether our ability to accurately estimate unfamiliar faces’ ages declines when they are wearing sunglasses or surgical-style face masks and whether these disguises make it harder to later recognise those faces when undisguised. In theory, both disguises should harm age estimation accuracy and later face recognition as they occlude facial information that is used to determine a face’s age and identity. To establish whether this is the case, we had participants estimate the age of unfamiliar faces that were pictured wearing no disguises, sunglasses, or face masks. The participants then completed a face recognition test where they had to distinguish between the previously seen faces and new faces. Importantly, none of faces wore disguises in this latter test. Participants’ estimates of the undisguised faces’ ages were inaccurate by a Median of 5.15 years. Their accuracy barely changed when the faces wore sunglasses but declined by a Median of 1.30 years when they wore face masks. Moreover, subsequent undisguised face recognition was less likely to occur when the faces previously wore sunglasses or face masks, with large effects observed. These findings demonstrate the relative importance of different facial areas when estimating faces’ ages and later recognising them. They also have implications for policing as they suggest it may be harder for eyewitnesses to accurately estimate the age of criminals who wear face masks during offences, and it may be harder for them to later recognise criminals in line-ups if the criminals wear sunglasses or face masks during offences.
Schistosomiasis of the Prostate in Sokoto, Nigeria: a case series
Authors: Khalid Abdullahi , Abdulwahab-Ahmed Abdullah , Mungadi Ismaila Arzika , Abdullahi Kabiru , Agwu Ngwobia Peter , Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Prostate schistosomiasis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the prostate. In an endemic environment, it may mimic the sinister condition of the prostate in its clinical presentation. Despite the high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis documented in our environment, prostate involvement is rarely encountered in routine clinical practice. We report and share our experience in the management of two cases of prostate schistosomiasis that presented with abnormal digital rectal examination and elevated prostate-specific antigen suggestive of prostate cancer but proved otherwise by the histology report.

Case presentation
The first patient was a 50-year-old man who presented with a history of voiding and storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary retention relieved by urethral catheterization. There was no other significant history except for past childhood terminal hematuria. The remarkable findings on physical examination were in the digital rectal examination which revealed enlarged prostate, hard, nodular, obliterated median groove, and restricted mobility of overlying rectal mucosa. The total serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 1.2 ng/ml. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and histology confirmed prostate schistosomiasis on a background of nodular hyperplasia. The second patient was an 80-year-old man who presented with a history of voiding and storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary retention relieved by urethral catheterization. There was no other significant history and no past childhood terminal hematuria. There were no remarkable findings on physical examination except for the enlarged prostate with benign findings on digital rectal examination. The initial total serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 31.0 ng/ml. The repeated PSA was 7.5 ng/ml after antimicrobial therapy. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and histology confirmed prostate schistosomiasis on a background of nodular hyperplasia. He had two sessions of Bipolar Transurethral Resection of the Prostate following failed medical treatment.

Conclusions
Schistosomiasis of the prostate may mimic the clinical or biochemical presentation of prostate cancer. The attending physician requires high index of suspicion to arrive at this diagnosis, especially for the urologist practicing in an endemic area.
Salvage of infected cardiac implantable electronic device with taurolidine—a case report
Authors: Borov Stefan , Baldauf Benito , Lau Ernest W. , Bonnemeier Hendrik 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are commonly used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and prevent sudden cardiac death. Complications of CIED therapy include component malfunction, lead dislodgement, skin erosion and infection. Infection can result in significant morbidity and even mortality. The recommended treatment of CIED skin erosion and infection is urgent complete device extraction. When this is infeasible due to patient or resource factors, an attempt could be made to salvage the exposed or infected CIED system by debridement of all the infected necrotic tissues and irrigation of the pocket and contaminated hardware with anti-septic/antibiotic solutions. Taurolidine, when dissolved in an aqueous solution, produces a broad spectrum of antimicrobial actions and may be used as a novel irrigation agent during CIED salvage.

Case presentation
This report describes the first use of a taurolidine-containing solution for pocket irrigation and in situ hardware sterilisation that resulted in the successful salvage of a CIED infected with multi-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Conclusions
A taurolidine-containing antimicrobial solution can be a safe and effective alternative to traditional antiseptic/antibiotic solutions for pocket irrigation and in situ hardware sterilisation during CIED salvage, and may produce better clinical outcomes by some unique mechanisms of action such as inhibition of biofilm formation and neutralisation of endotoxins, with little risk of inducing and encountering resistance.
Alternate delivery platforms and implementation models for bringing evidence-based behavioral interventions to scale for youth facing adversity: a case study in West Africa
Authors: Bond Laura , Farrar Jordan , Borg Ryan C. , Keegan Katrina , Journeay Katharine , Hansen Nathan , Mac-Boima Emmanuel , Rassin Alimamy , Betancourt Theresa S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Youth Functioning and Organizational Success for West African Regional Development (Youth FORWARD) was launched as an implementation science collaboration focused on scaling out evidence-based mental health interventions for youth exposed to war and other adversities through novel delivery platforms. This implementation science case study examines the use of a collaborative team approach (CTA) as a scale-out strategy to foster the integration of an evidence-based group mental health intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention, into youth employment programs tied to regional economic development in Sierra Leone.

Methods
A case study methodology is used to explore the feasibility and acceptability of integrating an evidence-based intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), into youth entrepreneurship programs (ENTR) in Sierra Leone, facilitated by the CTA. The authors analyzed field notes logged during program implementation, 8 weeks of supervision notes, 20 interviews with agency leaders and front-line staff delivering the YRI within this alternate delivery platform. Quantitative dissemination and implementation interviews administered to youth, facilitators, and agency leaders were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mixed linear models. A linked Hybrid Type II effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial is evaluating the clinical effectiveness of the YRI within this delivery platform.

Results
Extant data indicate the strong feasibility and acceptability of integrating the YRI into the ENTR program. Facilitators of integration of the YRI into the ENTR include mission alignment of the organizations with the delivery of psychosocial interventions, shared commitment to serving vulnerable youth, support from local District Youth Councils, and high interest from the youth served. Barriers include perceived competition between frontline organizations seeking funding for psychosocial interventions, and challenges in flexibility between donors and implementation partners operating in a fragile/post-conflict setting. The CTA was a feasible and acceptable strategy to support fidelity and quality improvement while scaling out the YRI.

Conclusions
Youth entrepreneurship and livelihood programs offer a promising mechanism for expanding the reach of evidence-based interventions to youth in fragile and post-conflict settings. Quality improvement and sustainment of evidence-based interventions are novel concepts in such settings. The CTA strategy institutionalizes the integration of an evidence-based intervention into youth entrepreneurship programs.

Trial registration
NCT03603613 (phase 1 pilot, registered May 18, 2018) and NCT03542500 (phase 2 scale-out study, registered May 18, 2018).
Phase 3 MAGNITUDE study: First results of niraparib (NIRA) with abiraterone acetate and prednisone (AAP) as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with and without homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene alterations.
Authors: Chi Kim N. , Rathkopf Dana E. , Smith Matthew Raymond , Efstathiou Eleni , Attard Gerhardt , Olmos David , Lee Ji Youl , Small Eric Jay , Gomes Andrea Juliana , Roubaud Guilhem , Saad Marniza , Zurawski Bogdan , Sakalo Valerii , Mason Gary , del Corral Adam , Wang George C. , Wu Daphne , Diorio Brooke , Lopez- Gitlitz Angela Mennicke , Sandhu Shahneen Kaur 
Published: February 2022

12 Background: Approximately 20% of mCRPC has alterations in genes associated with HRR and is responsive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) such as NIRA. Combined PARPi with androgen receptor pathway targeting may also benefit unselected mCRPC. MAGNITUDE assessed whether adding NIRA to AAP improves outcomes in pts with mCRPC with or without alterations in HRR associated genes. Methods: MAGNITUDE (NCT03748641) is a randomized, double-blind phase 3 study. In eligible mCRPC pts, ≤4 mos of prior AAP for mCRPC was allowed. Pts with (HRR biomarker [BM]+; ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDK12, CHEK2, FANCA, HDAC2, PALB2) and without specified gene alterations (HRR BM-) were randomized 1:1 to receive NIRA 200 mg once daily + AAP or placebo (PBO) + AAP. Primary endpoint was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) in the BRCA1/2 group followed by all HRR BM+ pts. Secondary endpoints were time to initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy (TTCC), time to symptomatic progression (TTSP) and overall survival (OS). Other endpoints included time to PSA progression (TTPP) and objective response rate (ORR). Results: 423 HRR BM+ pts were randomized to NIRA + AAP (n = 212) or PBO + AAP (n = 211). Median age was 69, 23% had prior AAP, 21% had visceral metastases, and 53% had BRCA1/2 mutations. Median follow-up was 18.6 mos. NIRA + AAP significantly improved rPFS by BICR in the BRCA1/2 subgroup and in all HRR BM+ pts, reducing the risk of progression or death by 47% (16.6 vs 10.9 mo) and 27% (16.5 vs 13.7 mo) respectively (Table), vs PBO + AAP. Investigator assessed rPFS was consistent with BICR. NIRA + AAP delayed TTCC, TTSP, and TTPP and improved ORR in HRR BM+ pts (Table). First interim analysis of OS is immature. The preplanned futility analysis in 233 HRR BM- pts showed no benefit of adding NIRA to AAP in the prespecified composite endpoint (first of PSA progression or rPFS; HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.75-1.57). No new safety signals were seen. In HRR BM+ pts, 67% and 46.4% had grade 3/4 AEs and 9% and 3.8% discontinued treatment in the NIRA + AAP and PBO + AAP arms, respectively. There were no clinically significant differences in overall quality of life (FACT-P). Conclusions: NIRA + AAP improves rPFS and other clinically relevant outcomes in pts with mCRPC and alterations in HRR associated genes. There was no evidence of benefit with the addition of NIRA to AAP in HRR BM- pts with mCRPC. Clinical trial information: NCT03748641. [Table: see text]
Prevalence and natural history of non-metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer: A population-based analysis.
Authors: Hird Amanda Elizabeth , Dvorani Erind , Saskin Refik , Herschorn Sender , Kodama Ronald , Kulkarni Girish S. , Nam Robert 
Published: February 2022

65 Background: The natural history of non-metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) prior to the introduction of novel anti-androgen agents in a real-world setting is largely unknown. Methods: This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of men with nmCRPC in Ontario, Canada. Patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer, castrate level of testosterone ( < 1.7nmol/L) and a PSA > 2.0nmol/L with a subsequent rise > 25% from the nadir, and without diagnostic or treatment codes for metastasis were included. Annual prevalence of nmCRPC was calculated. Crude time from nmCRPC to metastasis and death are presented as medians with interquartile range (IQR). Predictors of time from nmCRPC to prostate cancer death were compared using univariable and multivariable Fine and Gray subdistributional hazard models to account for the competing risk of non-prostate cancer death. Results: From January 2007 until March 2018, we identified 2045 patients with nmCRPC. Median age was 79 years (IQR: 72-84). A total of 984 patients (48.1%) received upfront hormonal therapy while 584 (25.8%) received initial radiotherapy (RT) and 478 (23.4%) underwent radical prostatectomy. Median time from primary treatment to nmCRPC was 6 years (IQR: 3-10). PSA at the time of meeting nmCRPC criteria was a median of 3.0 ng/L. Patients were followed for a median 31.1 months (IQR: 19.8-47.9). The overall annual prevalence of nmCRPC ranged from 1,519-1,913 patients, representing 7-12% of men with prostate cancer prescribed androgen deprivation therapy each year. Crude median time from nmCRPC to all-cause death was 37.6 months (IQR: 22.1-55.4). Median time from nmCRPC to metastasis and metastasis to all-cause death was 20.0 and 8.3 months, respectively. On regression analysis, older age, ADT use with primary treatment, higher PSA at the time of meeting nmCRPC criteria, and grade group predicted time from nmCRPC to prostate cancer death. Conclusions: This is the largest analysis of the prevalence and natural history of nmCRPC. The current study can be used as a historical cohort to compare how novel imaging modalities and advancements in systemic therapy for patients with nmCRPC impact prevalence estimates and disease trajectory over time.
Outcomes of an advanced practice nurse (APN)-led cancer genetics service.
Authors: Aiello Lisa , Petersen Jeffrey , Lynch Julie Ann , Hoffman-Hogg Lori , Damjanov Nevena , Robinson Kyle William , Wong Yu-Ning , Jhala Darshana , Maxwell Kara Noelle 
Published: February 2022

71 Background: In oncology practice, there are increasing numbers of patients for whom genetic testing is recommended by the National Cancer Care Network (NCCN), including all metastatic and high-risk localized prostate cancer patients. However, there is a critical shortage of genetics services providers. Acuity for these consults can be high, particularly in the context of a treatment related decision. We hypothesized that nurses, particularly advanced practice nurses (APNs), can provide a workforce within VA that can address genetic testing and genetic care needs of prostate cancer patients. Methods: We initiated a cancer genetics service staffed with an advanced practice nurse (APN) geneticist and evaluated the success of the program at a large urban, academic-affiliated Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Results: In the one year prior to the initiation of the APN geneticist-run program (10/1/2019-9/30/2020), 61 unaffected patients with a family history of cancer and 85 patients with cancer (36 with prostate cancer) were referred to a VA centralized telegenetics service. An average of seven cancer patients (average three with prostate cancer) were referred to VA telegenetics per month. Genetic testing was completed in eleven (18%) of unaffected patients and 21 (25%) of cancer patients. Five (13%) of tested patients were found to have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation or variant of uncertain significance (VUS). In the eight months after initiation of the APN geneticist-run consult service (10/1/2020 - 5/30/2021), 39 unaffected patients with a family history of cancer and 90 patients with cancer (38 with prostate cancer) were referred. An average of 11 cancer patients (average five with prostate cancer) per month were referred. This represents a 57% increase in all cancer patient and a 67% increase in prostate cancer patient referrals. For those patients referred to the APN geneticist-run consult service, genetic testing was completed in three (7%) of unaffected patients and 30 (33%) of cancer patients (including 15 prostate cancer patients). The genetic testing rate therefore improved from 1.7 oncology patients per month to 3.9 oncology patients per month, an 130% increase in genetic testing. For prostate cancer patients, the genetic testing rate improved from 0.8 to 1.9 patients tested per month, representing a 137% increase. Comparison of genetic testing outcomes at one year will be included in the final presentation. Conclusions: Inclusion of an APN geneticist-run consult service embedded in oncology clinics will likely improve access to genetics services and genetic testing rates in cancer patients.
Improvements in symptoms related to bone metastasis in recipients of Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 for prostate cancer.
Authors: Gonzalez Brian D. , Brownstein Naomi C. , Fan Wenyi , Dicker Adam P. , Oswald Laura B. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Jim Heather S.L. , Sandhu Shahneen Kaur , Tagawa Scott T. , Williams Scott , Hofman Michael S 
Published: February 2022

96 Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a new targeted treatment for progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PSMA-RLT conjugates a radionuclide to a small molecule ligand with affinity for PSMA. Recent trials, such as TheraP and VISION, established improvements in progression free survival, overall survival, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for PSMA-RLT. Less is known about the impact of PSMA-RLT on symptoms related to bone metastasis (BM), commonly causing significant morbidity in men with mCRPC. The optimal tools for PRO collection with PSMA-RLT are also uncertain. We previously reported improvements in Brief Pain Inventory and now report EORTC QLQ-BM22 data to describe change in symptoms related to bone metastasis among men receiving PSMA-RLT for mCRPC. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, 50 patients received up to 4 cycles of 177Lu-PSMA-617 every 6 weeks (trial registration: ACTRN12615000912583). Patients completed a validated assessment of bone metastasis-related pain (EORTC QLQ-BM22) prior to each cycle and 6 or 12 weeks after the last cycle of 177Lu-PSMA. Change in pain over the course of the study was examined using linear mixed effects models. We also examined whether unadjusted changes in PROs exceeded published cutoffs for minimal clinically important difference scores. Results: Patients reported reduced bone metastasis-related pain at various sites over time ( p =.01). Of 44 patients completing this scale before cycle 2, 22 (50%) reported clinically significant improvement in pain at various sites. At follow-up, of the 37 patients alive, 25 provided evaluable data on bone metastasis-related pain. Of these, 10 (40%) reported clinically significant improvement in pain at various sites. Patients also reported less functional interference from pain over time ( p <.01) and lower consistency, intermittency, and difficulty alleviating pain with medication over time ( p =.01). Before cycle 2 and at follow-up, 26% and 38% of respondents reported clinically significant reduction in functional interference from pain. Before cycle 2 and at follow-up, 33% and 42% of respondents reported clinically significant improvement in consistency, intermittency, and difficulty alleviating pain with medication. Conclusions: 177Lu-PSMA RLT resulted in improvements in bone metastasis-related symptoms, supporting prior findings using other PRO measures. At follow-up, 38-42% of patients completing PRO assessment reported clinically meaningful improvements in bone metastasis-related pain, a significant contributor to quality of life. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12615000912583.