bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Almost-quasifibrations and Fundamental Groups of Orbit Configuration Spaces
Authors: Sayed Roushon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We introduce the notion of an almost-quasifibration and give many examples. As a consequence, supporting the Asphericity conjecture of [11], we deduce that the fundamental group of the orbit configuration space of an effective and properly discontinuous action of a discrete group, on an aspherical 2-manifold with isolated fixed points is torsion free. Furthermore, if the 2-manifold has at least one puncture then it is poly-free, and hence has an iterated semi-direct product of free groups structure, which generalizes a result of Xicot´encatl ([[16], Theorem 6.3]).
Effects of Organic Carbon Sources on Growth and Oil Accumulation by Desmodesmus Subspicatus LC172266 Under Mixotrophic Condition
Authors: Eze Chijioke Nwoye , Ogbonna Innocent Okonkwo , Aoyagi Hideki , Ogbonna James Chukwuma 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Energy crisis and environmental sustainability have attracted global attention to microalgal biofuels. The present study investigated the impact of organic carbon sources on growth and bio-oil accumulation by an oleaginous microalga Desmodesmus subspicatusLC172266 under mixotrophic culture condition. Glucose and glycerol supported higher growth rates and lipid productivities than sucrose, fructose, mannitol and acetate. Each of the organic carbon source tested supported significantly (P < 0.05) higher growth rates and lipid productivities than the photoautotrophic culture (without organic carbon source). The lipid productivity obtained with a mixture of optima concentrations of glucose and glycerol (5.0 gL−1 glycerol + 10.0 gL−1 glucose) (0.14875 ± 0.002 g/L/day) was about 25% and 66% higher than the values obtained with only 10.0 gL−1 glucose and 5.0 gL−1 glycerol respectively. When a batch culture with 5 gL−1 glycerol was fed with 0.5 gL−1 glucose daily the cell growth and lipid productivity were lower than the values obtained in a batch culture with a mixture of glucose and glycerol. The lipid productivity obtained in a 4-L photobioreactor was 94% (0.217 gL−1day−1), higher than the value obtained in a flask culture with 10.0 g/L glucose (0.112 gL−1day−1) and 46% higher than the value obtained in a flask culture with 5.0 gL−1 glycerol (0.086 gL−1day−1) .
SOTIP: a Unified Framework for Microenvironment Modelling with Spatial Omics Data
Authors: Yuan Zhiyuan , Li Yisi , Shi Minglei , Yang Fan , Gao Juntao , Yao Jianhua , Zhang Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The rapidly developing spatial omics techniques generate datasets with diverse scales and modalities. However, most existing methods focus on modeling dynamics of single cells while ignore microenvironments (MEs) which bridge single cells to tissues. Here we present SOTIP (Spatial Omics mulTIPle-task analysis), a scalable framework incorporating MEs and their interrelationships into a unified graph. Based on this graph, three tasks can be performed, including spatial heterogeneity (SHN) quantification, spatial domain (SDM) identification and differential microenvironment (DME) analysis. We validate SOTIP’s accuracy, robustness, interpretation, and scalability on various datasets by comparing with state-of-art methods. In mammalian cerebral cortex, we reveal a striking gradient SHN pattern with strong correlations with the cortical depth. In human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we identify previously unreported molecular polarizations around SOTIP-detected tumor-immune boundaries. Most importantly, we discover TNBC subtype-specific MEs, which exhibit interesting compositional and spatial properties, and could be powerful clinical indicators. Overall, by modeling biologically explainable microenvironments, SOTIP outperforms state-of-art methods and provides new perspectives for data interpretation, which facilitates further understanding of spatial information on a variety of biological issues.
Intensity and phase imaging through scattering media via deep despeckle complex neural networks
Authors: Liu shuai , Li Peng , Sha Hao , Dong Jiuyang , Huang Yue , Zhao Yanjing , Yao Xuri , Zou Wenzhen , Chen Yu , Wang Mingzhe , Peng Qin , Li Xiu , Lin Xing , Zhang Yongbing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The existence of a scattering medium causes the degeneration of intensity and phase information, especially in biological imaging. The present techniques to address this challenge only focus on the reconstruction of intensity information, yet few attempts have tried to recover the phase information. We propose a method to simultaneously predict both intensity and phase information from a speckle image employing a deep despeckle complex neural network (DespeckleNet). Our method enables the high contrast single-shot imaging of biological samples through scattering media without labeling. Various experiments demonstrate the superior reconstruction and generalization performance of our method under multiple types of biological samples with different scattering media. We also provide the real-time observation of living cellular activities without any contaminations or damages to the cells. Our method offers simple yet effective imaging through scattering media and paves the way for real-time unlabeled biological imaging.
An economically viable of Fe3O4@MnO2 core shell magnetic catalyst on bio-diesel production from castor oil
Authors: Sivanandi Periyasamy , Arumugamurthy Sakthi Saravanan , S Manojkumar. M. , s Mohan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The exhaustion of natural resources has occasioned the profit margin of oil products to increase dramatically, prompting the use of sustainable fuels like as biofuel. In the proposed investigation, bio-fuel was developed from castor oil utilizing Fe3O4@MnO2 NCs as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process. X-Ray Diffraction evaluation acknowledged the nanocatalyst's single phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed the spherical morphology of the consolidated nanocatalyst. The magnetic characteristics were examined using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Atomic Force Microscopy demonstrated that the catalyst exhibited has a greater surface area and unevenness. The yield was achieved was 95 percent (w/w) in 50 minutes at 600 C with 15 wt percent catalyst loading and a 12:1 methanol/oil ratio, as acknowledged by a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer. The findings indicate that Fe3O4@MnO2 NCs are an encouraging catalyst for bio-fuels production via heterogeneous catalysed transesterification under relatively mild response circumstances.
A New Index of Tumor Molecular Heterogeneity for Describing Tumor Occurrence and Development at the Molecular Level
Authors: Pengfei Zhao , Hong Luo , Liu Hui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: To describe an index of tumor occurrence and development at the molecular level based on a series of tumor markers (AFP, CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, NSE, FER, and CRP)Methods: The tumor markers were analyzed in patients with poorly differentiated cancer, well-differentiated cancer, benign lesions, and no benign lesions (control group). Cancer molecular index (CMI) was calculated by multiplying the highest elevation in the tumor marker levels with the number of positive markers.Results: An increase in the number of abnormal biomarkers was observed with a decrease in the degree of differentiation. A significant relationship was found between CMI and degree of differentiation (R = 0.647, P < 0.001). Based on these findings, benign lesions, well-differentiated tumors, and poorly differentiated tumors may represent a continuous process at the molecular level. In a patient who is positive for certain biomarkers and does not have abnormal imaging findings, a CMI of <1.35 can be considered to indicate benign lesions and a CMI of >1.35 can be considered to indicate early-stage tumors or “tumors” that occur at the molecular level.Conclusion: The CMI system could have potential benefits for describing tumor occurrence and development at the molecular level.
Volume change rate before and after neoadjuvant systemic therapy of breast cancer is a good quantitative efficacy evaluation index to predict pathological complete response
Authors: Xu Yinggang , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Siqi , Zhu Qiannan , Xu Lu , Xu Haiping , Chen Rui , Shi Xiaoqing , Huang Xiaofeng , Wang Ye , He Jinzhi , Shi Wenjie , Wan Xinyu , Wang Jue , Zha Xiaoming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is increasingly and widely applied in breast cancer treatment, but individuals respond differently to the same NST regimen. It is unclear which patients should adjust their NST regimen and what such an adjustment should be, especially for patients with radiologically partial response (PR). This study aimed to identify a quantitative efficacy evaluation index to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NST. Methods: Patients with locally advanced and inoperable breast cancer received four cycles of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (EC), followed by four cycles of taxanes with trastuzumab [T(H)], if needed. Retrospectively, 164 patients were enrolled in this study. Results: Of patients with a volume change rate of EC treatment (δV1) below 0.80, more than half benefited from subsequent T(H) treatment. Importantly, for δV1 of 0.80 and higher, fewer patients benefited from subsequent T(H) treatment, with those not benefiting having a lower pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Across all patients, nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel had a numerically higher pCR rate over other taxanes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Conclusions: This study showed that the volume change rate is better than the diameter change rate in monitoring the therapeutic effect of NST. Furthermore, δV1 is a good quantitative efficacy evaluation index to distinguish patients resistant to EC treatment and predict the pCR rate. It can also guide the adjustment of individualized NST regimens.
Sero-Prevalence and Molecular Analysis of Brucellosis in Livestock Keepers and Domestic Ruminants in Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: Lokamar Peter N. , Kutwah Moses A. , Munde Elly O. , Oloo Dickens , Atieli Harrysone , Gumo Sussy , Akoko James M. , Ouma Collins 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background. Brucellosis is widely distributed in more than 170 countries around the world, where it poses a huge threat to animal husbandry and human health. Brucellosis is a worldwide re-emerging zoonotic disease that poses serious public health problems in many developing countries including Kenya. However, prevalence of brucellosis has not been determined in Baringo County, Kenya, yet there is a continuous movement of cattle resulting from trade and grazing, thus predisposing many herds to brucellosis infection.Methods. We investigated the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in humans and domestic ruminants: sheep, goats, cattle and camels among livestock keeping communities in Baringo County, Kenya. In addition, we analyzed the seropositive samples for molecular detection of Brucella species. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey using quantitative data collection methods. The diagnosis was carried out using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and the real-time PCR assays.Results. The sero-prevalence of brucellosis among human blood samples was 0.6% (n=4/640) in Baringo County. About 22.30% (n=143/640) of animal blood samples examined tested positive for Brucella genus-specific ELISA test. Cattle had a high prevalence of 22.88% (n=93/322) followed by camels 20.00% (n=21/105), goats 15.48% (n=24/155) and subsequently sheep at 8.62% (n=5/58). Overall, 7.5% (n=6/80) of the seropositive samples amplified with the genus-specific primers. Brucella melitensis was detected in one out of the six genus positive samples, while none amplified with the B. abortus target.Conclusion. Even though there was high prevalence of brucellosis among livestock in Baringo County, the highest prevalence was invariably noted in cattle, followed by camels, goats and sheep, respectively. Livestock keepers had low prevalence of brucellosis. This implies that there was low risk of transmission of brucellosis between livestock keepers and their livestock.
Saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 serology using at-home collection kits returned via mail
Authors: Campbell Christopher , Roblin Douglas , Padmanabhan Nikhil , Romero Daniel , Joe Jessica , Fathi Lily , Whiting Thomas , Williamson Jared , Goodwin Paul , Mckie Charmaine , Deneal Adrienne , Greenberg Leslie , Sigal George 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Serology provides tools for epidemiologic studies, and may have a role in vaccine prioritization and selection. Automated serologic testing of saliva, especially specimens that are self-collected at home and sent to a laboratory via the mail without refrigeration, could be a highly-scalable strategy for population-wide testing. In this prospective study, patients were recruited after PCR testing to self-collect saliva and return their specimens via mail. Longitudinal specimens were analyzed in order to monitor seroconversion in the weeks after a diagnostic PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. Diverse users self-collected saliva and returned specimens via mail in compliance with shipping regulations. At our pre-established threshold (0.963 AU/mL), salivary IgG reactivity to full-length spike protein achieved 95.8% sensitivity and 92.4% specificity at 2-4 weeks after diagnostic testing, which is comparable to the typical sensitivity and specificity achieved for serum testing. Reactivity to N antigen also was detected with 92.6% sensitivity and 90.7% specificity at 4-8 weeks after diagnostic testing. Moreover, serologic testing for endemic coronaviruses performed in multiplex with SARS-CoV-2 antigens has the potential to identify samples that may require retesting due to effects of pre-analytical factors. The easy-to-use saliva collection kit, coupled with thresholds for positivity and methods of flagging samples for retest, provides a framework for large-scale serosurveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
The influence of culture and corporate governance on corporate performance of Jordanian financial companies
Authors: Aleqedat Houda Qasim , Rahman Abdul Aziz Abdul , Mansur Hasan , Meero Abdelrhman , AlSaaideh Faisal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The current study aims to examine the influence of Culture and corporate governance on the corporate performance of Jordanian financial companies. The results of the current study will contribute to the literature in light of the lack of local studies in this regard. The sample of the study consists of 105 financial companies listed on ASE. For this purpose, the study used agency theory and Hofstede theory. To measure the culture the study used the six of Hofstede's cultural dimensions LPD; MAS; COLL; HUAI; LTO; REST. To measure the corporate governance the study used the board size; Independence of BOD; Non-CEO duality; Board committees, largest OWS LO; Foreign OWS (FO); and government OWS (GO). The current study indicated empirical evidence that there is no relationship between culture and CP with the presence of corporate governance in the Jordanian context. However, there is the additional explanatory power of cultural dimensions in explaining the variances in corporate performance with the presence of CG. Given the importance of culture and its relationship with corporate governance and performance, and in light of the lack of local studies, future studies must be conducted in this regard.
Effects of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of severe asthma in adults and the elderly in Shanghai, China: A retrospective study
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Gao Xiwen , Zhang Huan , Hong Weijun , Zhuang Yaqin , Li Chenyin , Yan Zhijun , Xu Aohong , Zhang Hongbo , Wang Yuxue , Cao Aili , Yu Suyun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

The study aimed to investigate the correlation between both particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and temperature and the incidence of severe asthma as diagnosed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) values of >50 parts per billion.
Methods

This large-scale retrospective study used data on PM2.5 and temperature from the Shanghai Meteorological Bureau in China that had been collected between May 2014 and April 2016. All patients with suspected airway inflammation, who had visited the Minhang branch of Zhongshan Hospital, an affiliation of Fudan University, between May 2014 and April 2016, were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the synergistic effect of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of severe asthma in the different subgroups of patients with suspected airway inflammation.
Results

PM2.5 and temperature were significantly correlated with the incidence of asthma in the Oldabove50 subgroup (Spearman’s r = 0.580, p = 0 .003 and Spearman’s r = -0.689, p ≤ 0.001, respectively), when analyzed using non-parametric statistical analysis methods. The combined effect of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of asthma was significantly greater in the Oldabove50 subgroup (R = 0.693) than in the Adultabove50 subgroup (R = 0.275) (F > Fα; Fα = 2.997066, p < 0.05). In particular, in the Oldabove50 subgroup, the effect of temperature on the incidence of asthma was greater than that of PM2.5, when using beta coefficients (p = 0.004).
Conclusions

The FeNO cut-off value can be used to determine the effect of PM2.5 and temperature on patients’ respiratory health. Although the study’s limitations may have impacted these findings, and further investigation is necessary, this study provided a convenient investigation into the epidemiology of asthma. Such research is important for public health.
Selection of Species Specific Panel of Reference Genes Across Native Livestock Species Adapted to Trans-himalayan Region of Leh-ladakh
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Sodhi Monika , Verma Preeti , Vivek Prince , Kataria Ranjit , Niranjan Saket , Bharti Vijay , Masharing Nampher , Gujar Gayatri , Chanda Divya , Mukesh Manishi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The identification of appropriate references genes is an integral component of any gene expression-based study for getting accuracy and reliability in data interpretation. In this study, we evaluated the expression stability of 10 candidate reference genes (GAPDH, RPL4, EEF1A1, RPS9, HPRT1, UXT, RPS23, B2M, RPS15, ACTB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of livestock species that are adapted to high altitude hypoxia conditions of Leh-Ladakh. A total of 37 PBMCs samples from six native livestock species of leh-Ladakh region such as Ladakhi cattle (LAC), Ladakhi yak (LAY), Ladakhi donkey (LAD), Chanthangi goat (CHG), Double hump cattle (DHC) and Zanskar ponies (ZAP) were included in this study. The commonly used statistical algorithms such as geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder were employed to assess the stability of these RGs in all the livestock species. Our study has identified different panel of reference genes in each species; for example, EEF1A1, RPL4 in Ladakhi cattle; GAPDH, RPS9, ACTB in Ladakhi yak; HPRT1, B2M, ACTB in Ladakhi donkey; HPRT1, B2M, ACTB in Double hump camel, RPS9, HPRT1 in Changthangi goat, HPRT1 and ACTB in Zanskar ponies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic attempt to identify panel of RGs across different livestock species types adapted to high altitude hypoxia conditions. In future, the findings of the present study would be quite helpful in conducting any transcriptional studies to understand the molecular basis of high altitude adaptation of native livestock population of Leh-Ladakh.
Community health clubs improve latrine construction through savings, lending, and income-generating activities
Authors: Murakwani Pamela Ncube , Sibanda Wellington , Dube Sijabulisiwe Beatrice , Weber Nicole 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Improved sanitation is critical to both health and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this multi-sectoral food security activity, community health clubs (CHC) were implemented by the Zimbabwe Government. Members met regularly to complete a hygiene and sanitation education curriculum. Early on, CHC members faced financial barriers to latrine construction. Members were encouraged to undertake savings, lending, and income-generating activities. 28 percent of CHCs in fact engaged in those activities. This qualitative study aimed to identify motivators of and barriers to latrine construction and to explore whether financial activities supported members in their efforts to overcome barriers. Ten focus group discussions with CHC members and 19 in-depth interviews with key informants were conducted. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Key motivators and enablers included health benefits; the desire to avoid disgust, shame, and embarrassment; access to materials and construction; and social support. Barriers to improvement included costs, water access, limited leadership support, and behavior change resistance. Financial activities helped CHC members overcome the costs of material and construction. Thus, integrating financial activities into CHCs may improve sanitation coverage and we recommend that such add-ons be considered in CHC training programs. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Zimbabwe to explore whether the integration of financial activities into the CHC model is an acceptable and feasible model for improving sanitation coverage.
Cytokines Involved in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic
Review
Authors: Siddiqui Khalid , George Teena P. , Joy Salini Scaria , Rafiullah Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Hyperglycemic condition and compromised immune system may contribute
to the progression of COVID-19 infection and increase the disease severity, relatively requiring
a longer recovery period among diabetic patients.

Objective:
A systematic review was conducted to examine cytokine levels, the prevalence of risk
factors, and other comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes mellitus during
the early COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed central, PMC Europe databases,
and Web of Science, evaluating the articles published between Dec 1st, 2019, and June 15th,
2020. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Results:
The systematic search generated 14,960 articles and ended up with 9 articles, of which 8
articles involved data on the comparison of cytokines in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with
COVID-19, while 4 of them involved data on cytokines in the diabetes patients compared either by
the severity of diseases or the rate of survival. Among the studied cytokines, interleukin-6, interleukin-
8, and tumor necrosis factor-α may cause the worst prognosis or fatality among diabetic patients.
Increased cytokine levels indicate higher mortality and are linked to risk factors and comorbidities,
such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Management of diabetes by insulin treatment
may reduce the rate of mortality among diabetic patients but may be contraindicated in diabetic
patients with COVID-19 who had at least one previous comorbidity, especially hypertension and
CVD.

Conclusion:
The pathophysiological mechanisms linked to cytokine storm in diabetic patients may
lead to the design of treatment strategies in the future, thus improving early diagnosis of the disease
and mitigating cytokine storm-associated morbidity and mortality.