bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From offshore to onshore probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment via efficient Monte Carlo sampling
Authors: Davies Gareth , Weber Rikki , Wilson Kaya , Cummins Phil 
Published: April 2022

SUMMARYOffshore Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessments (offshore PTHAs) provide large-scale analyses of earthquake-tsunami frequencies and uncertainties in the deep ocean, but do not provide high-resolution onshore tsunami hazard information as required for many risk-management applications. To understand the implications of an offshore PTHA for the onshore hazard at any site, in principle the tsunami inundation should be simulated locally for every earthquake scenario in the offshore PTHA. In practice this is rarely feasible due to the computational expense of inundation models, and the large number of scenarios in offshore PTHAs. Monte Carlo methods offer a practical and rigorous alternative for approximating the onshore hazard, using a random subset of scenarios. The resulting Monte Carlo errors can be quantified and controlled, enabling high-resolution onshore PTHAs to be implemented at a fraction of the computational cost. This study develops efficient Monte Carlo approaches for offshore-to-onshore PTHA. Modelled offshore PTHA wave heights are used to preferentially sample scenarios that have large offshore waves near an onshore site of interest. By appropriately weighting the scenarios, the Monte Carlo errors are reduced without introducing bias. The techniques are demonstrated in a high-resolution onshore PTHA for the island of Tongatapu in Tonga, using the 2018 Australian PTHA as the offshore PTHA, while considering only thrust earthquake sources on the Kermadec-Tonga trench. The efficiency improvements are equivalent to using 4–18 times more random scenarios, as compared with stratified-sampling by magnitude, which is commonly used for onshore PTHA. The greatest efficiency improvements are for rare, large tsunamis, and for calculations that represent epistemic uncertainties in the tsunami hazard. To facilitate the control of Monte Carlo errors in practical applications, this study also provides analytical techniques for estimating the errors both before and after inundation simulations are conducted. Before inundation simulation, this enables a proposed Monte Carlo sampling scheme to be checked, and potentially improved, at minimal computational cost. After inundation simulation, it enables the remaining Monte Carlo errors to be quantified at onshore sites, without additional inundation simulations. In combination these techniques enable offshore PTHAs to be rigorously transformed into onshore PTHAs, with quantification of epistemic uncertainties, while controlling Monte Carlo errors.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burn Clinic
Authors: Sabeti Sara , Ochtli Ché R , Tay-Lasso Erika , Whelton Melissa , Burton Kimberly , Bernal Nicole O , Joe Victor C , Chin Theresa L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to anxiety and fears for the general public. It is unclear how the behavior of people with acute burns and the services available to them has changed during the pandemic. The aim of our observational study was to evaluate our clinic’s experience with patients presenting with burns during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and determine if delays in presentation and healthcare delivery exist within our burn population. Patients referred to our clinic from March 1, 2020 to December 15, 2020 were reviewed for time of presentation after injury. We defined a true delay in presentation of &gt;5 days from date of injury to date of referral for patients who were not inpatients at our facility or received initial care elsewhere prior to referral. Of the 246 patients who were referred to our clinic, during this time period, 199 patients (80.89%) attended their appointments. Our in-person clinic volume from referrals increased in July 2020 with a sharp decrease in August 2020. Our total clinic volume decreased in 2020 from 2019 by about 14%. Referrals to our clinic decreased in 2020 from 2019 by about 34%. Video telehealth visits did not account for the decrease in visits. There was low incidence of delays in presentation to our clinic during the pandemic. Additional investigation is necessary to see if the incidence of burn injury decreased. Despite the pandemic, our clinic remained ready and open to serve the burn population.
Sex-Based Differences in Functional Brain Activity During Working Memory in Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gandy Kellen , Scoggins Matthew A , Phillips Nicholas , van der Plas Ellen , Fellah Slim , Jacola Lisa M , Pui Ching-Hon , Hudson Melissa M , Reddick Wilburn E , Sitaram Ranganatha , Krull Kevin R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Long-term survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are at elevated risk for neurocognitive deficits and corresponding brain dysfunction. This study examined sex-based differences in functional neuroimaging outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors treated with chemotherapy alone.

Methods
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neurocognitive testing were obtained in 123 survivors (46% male; median [min-max] age = 14.2 years [8.3-26.5 years]; time since diagnosis = 7.7 years [5.1-12.5 years]) treated on the St. Jude Total XV treatment protocol. Participants performed the n-back working memory task in a 3 T scanner. Functional neuroimaging data were processed (realigned, slice time corrected, normalized, smoothed) and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping with contrasts for 1-back and 2-back conditions, which reflect varying degrees of working memory and task load. Group-level fMRI contrasts were stratified by sex and adjusted for age and methotrexate exposure. Statistical tests were 2-sided (P &lt; .05 statistical significance threshold).

Results
Relative to males, female survivors exhibited less activation (ie, reduced blood oxygen dependent–level signals) in the right parietal operculum, supramarginal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, and bilateral superior frontal medial gyrus during increased working memory load (family-wise error–corrected P = .004 to .008, adjusting for age and methotrexate dose). Female survivors were slower to correctly respond to the 2-back condition than males (P &lt; .05), though there were no differences in overall accuracy. Performance accuracy was negatively correlated with fMRI activity in female survivors (Pearson’s r = −0.39 to −0.29, P = .001 to .02), but not in males.

Conclusions
These results suggest the working memory network is more impaired in female survivors than male survivors, which may contribute to ongoing functional deficits.
It Would Take Combat Relevance to Put a Chiropractor in Khakis— This Is Why That Has Not Happened
Authors: Flynn Timothy W 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to challenge the premise of a recent commentary suggesting that chiropractors should become commissioned officers. An overview of the early practice guidelines and current scientific evidence for the use of spine and peripheral manipulation is provided. The Military Health System is designed to support military operations and currently includes a large contingent of active duty musculoskeletal healthcare experts to include sports medicine–trained family physicians, orthopedic surgeons, physician assistants/associates, doctors of physical therapy/physical therapists, occupational therapists, and podiatrists. The evidence is clear that it is not in the best interest of our military services to commission alternative practitioners whose practices are out of step with the rest of medicine.
Thermal relaxation of dark matter admixed neutron star
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Das H C , Patra S K 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Motivated by the various theoretical studies regarding the efficient capturing of dark matter by neutron stars, we explore the possible indirect effects of captured dark matter on the cooling mechanism of a neutron star. The equation of states for different configurations of dark matter admixed star at finite temperature is obtained using the relativistic mean-field formalism with the IOPB-I parameter set. We show that the variation in the dark matter momentum vastly modifies the neutrino emissivity through specific neutrino generating processes of the star. The specific heat and the thermal conductivity of a dark matter admixed star have also been investigated to explore the propagation of cooling waves in the interior of the star. The dependence of theoretical surface temperature cooling curves on the equation of state and chemical composition of the stellar matter has also been discussed along with the observational data of thermal radiation from various sources. We observed that the dark matter admixed canonical stars with $k_{f}^{\rm DM} \gt 0.04$ comply with the fast cooling scenario. Further, the metric for internal thermal relaxation epoch has also been calculated with different dark matter momentum and we deduced that increment of dark matter segment amplify the cooling and internal relaxation rates of the star.
Primordial non-Gaussianity from the completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey II: measurements in Fourier space with optimal weights
Authors: Mueller Eva-Maria , Rezaie Mehdi , Percival Will J , Ross Ashley J , Ruggeri Rossana , Seo Hee-Jong , Gil-Marín Héctor , Bautista Julian , Brownstein Joel R , Dawson Kyle , de la Macorra Axel , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P , Yéche Christophe 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTWe present measurements of the local primordial non-Gaussianity parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}^\mathrm{local} $from the clustering of 343 708 quasars with redshifts 0.8 &lt; z &lt; 2.2 distributed over 4808 deg2 from the final data release (DR16) of the extended Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), the largest volume spectroscopic survey up to date. Our analysis is performed in Fourier space, using the power spectrum monopole at very large scales to constrain the scale-dependent halo bias. We demonstrate the robustness of our analysis pipeline with EZ-mock catalogues that simulate the eBOSS DR16 target selection. We carefully assess the impact of systematics on our measurement, exploiting a novel neural network scheme for cleaning the DR16 sample as well as test multiple contamination removal methods. We estimate the bias due to the overcorrection of the systematic removal to be sub-dominant compared to the statistical uncertainty. We find fNL = −12 ± 21 (68 per cent confidence) for the main clustering sample including quasars with redshifts between 0.8 and 2.2, after applying redshift weighting techniques, designed for non-Gaussianity measurement from large scales structure, to optimize our analysis, which improve our results by 37 per cent.
A comparative study of luminosity functions and event rate densities of long GRBs with non-parametric method
Authors: Dong X F , Li X J , Zhang Z B , Zhang X L 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we restudy the dependence of luminosity function and event rates for different gamma-ray burst samples on the criteria of sample selection and threshold effect. To compare with many previous studies, we have chosen two samples including 88 and 118 long bursts with known redshift and peak flux over 2.6 ph cm−2 s−1, from which 79 bursts are picked out to constitute our complete sample. It is found that the evolution of luminosity with redshift can be expressed by L∝(1 + z)k with a diverse k relied more on the sample selection. Interestingly, the cumulative distributions of either non-evolving luminosities or redshifts are found to be also determined by the sample selection rather than the instrumental sensitivity. Nevertheless, the non-evolving luminosities of our samples are similarly distributed with a comparable break luminosity of L0 ∼ 1051 erg s−1. Importantly, we verify with a K-S test that three cases of event rates for the two burst samples evolve with redshift similarly except a small discrepancy due to sampling differences at low-redshift of z &lt; 1, in which all event rates show an excess of Gaussian profile instead of monotonous decline no matter whether the sample is complete. Most importantly, it is found that the burst rates violate the star formation rate at low redshift, while both of them are good in agreement with each other in the higher-redshift regions as many authors discovered previously. Therefore, we predict that two types of long bursts are favored in terms of their associations with both the star formation and the cosmic metallicity.
Signatures of supermassive black hole binaries on maser systems
Authors: Padmanabhan Hamsa , Loeb Abraham 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We illustrate a novel signature of black hole binaries from their effect on the kinematics of water maser emission in their environments. With the help of simulations, we establish the condition for clumps to mase based on their coherence lengths calibrated to those of the known maser galaxy NGC 4258. This is then used to identify masing clumps around a binary black hole system, and quantify the kinematic and spectral differences relative to the single black hole case. For some generic circumstances, blueshifted masers around a binary black hole are found to preferentially follow the Keplerian rotation curve observed in the single black hole case. The redshifted ones, however, are found to visibly deviate from this relation, and also display more scatter with a tendency towards lower absolute values of the velocity along the line of sight. The spectrum of the masers as a function of line-of-sight velocity also shows a double peaked structure, reminiscent of recent observations of systems such as Mrk 1. Our results motivate future prospects for identifying binary black hole candidates with the help of water maser emissions.
On generalized theories of varying fine structure constant
Authors: Chakrabarti Soumya 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We work with a class of scalar extended theory of gravity that can drive the present cosmic acceleration as well as accommodate a mild cosmic variation of the fine structure constant α. The motivation comes from a vintage theory developed by Bekenstein, Sandvik, Barrow, and Magueijo. The α variation is introduced by a real scalar field interacting with charged matter. We execute a cosmological reconstruction based on a parametrization of the present matter density of the Universe. Observational consistency is ensured by comparing the theoretical estimates with JLA + OHD + BAO data sets, using a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. An analysis of molecular absorption lines from HIRES and UVES spectrographs is considered as a reference for the variation of α at different redshifts. Two examples are discussed. The first explores a field-dependent kinetic coupling of the scalar field interacting with charged matter. The second example is a generalized Brans–Dicke formalism where the varying α is fitted as an effective matter field. This generates a simultaneous variation of the Newtonian constant G and α. The pattern of this variation may have a crucial role in cosmic expansion history.
A kinematical study of the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 1569 and its supernova remnants
Authors: Sánchez-Cruces M , Sardaneta M M , Fuentes-Carrera I , Rosado M , Cárdenas-Martínez N , Lara-López M A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present Fabry-Pérot observations in the H α and [S ii] lines to study the kinematics of the Magellanic-type dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 1569, these observations allowed us to compute the H α velocity field of this galaxy. Doing a detailed analysis of the velocity along the line of sight and H α velocity profiles, we identified the origin of most of the motions in the innermost parts of the galaxy and discarded the possibility of deriving a rotation curve that traces the gravitational well of the galaxy. We analysed the kinematics of the ionized gas around 31 supernova remnants previously detected in NGC 1569 by other authors, in optical and radio emission. We found that the H α velocity profiles of the supernova remnants are complex indicating the presence of shocks. Fitting these profiles with several Gaussian functions, we computed their expansion velocities which rank from 87 to 188 km s−1 confirming they are supernova remnants. Also, we determined the physical properties such as electron density, mechanical energy, and kinematic age for 30 of the 31 supernova remnants and found they are in the radiative phase with an energy range from 1 to 39 × 1050 erg s−1 and an age from 2.3 to 8.9 × 104 yr. Finally, we estimated the Surface Brightness–Diameter (Σ–D) relation for NGC 1569 and obtained a slope β = 1.26 ± 0.2, comparable with the β value obtained for supernova remnants in galaxies M31 and M33.
Recurrence of immune complex and complement-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in kidney transplantation
Authors: Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Polanco Natalia , Villacorta Blanca , Buxeda Anna , Coca Armando , Ávila Ana , Martínez-Gallardo Rocío , Galeano Cristina , Valero Rosalía , Ramos Natalia , Allende Natalia , Cruzado-Vega Leónidas , Pérez-Sáez María José , Sevillano Ángel , González Esther , Hernández Ana , Rodrigo Emilio , Fernández-Ruiz Mario , Aguado José María , Pérez Valdivia Miguel Ángel , Pascuall Julio , Andrés Amado , Praga Manuel ,   The Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases and the Spanish Group of Kidney Transplant, Alonso Marina , Toldos-González Oscar , Cabrera-Pérez Rocío , Gimeno Javier , Pérez-Ebri Mª Luisa , Ortega José María Gómez , Román José Javier Gómez , Saiz Ana , Domínguez Alejandra Gabaldón , Garrido Marta , Navarro Alexandra , Saus Carles , Macian María Cabezas 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) represents a histologic pattern of glomerular injury that may be due to several aetiologies. Few studies have comprehensively analysed the recurrence of MPGN according to the current classification system.

Methods
We collected a multicentre, retrospective cohort of 220 kidney graft recipients with biopsy-proven native kidney disease due to MPGN between 1981 and 2021 in 11 hospitals. Demographic, clinical and histologic parameters of prognostic interest were collected. The main outcomes were time to kidney failure, time to recurrence of MPGN and disease remission after recurrence.

Results
The study group included 34 complement-mediated and 186 immune complex–mediated MPGN. A total of 81 patients (37%) reached kidney failure in a median follow-up of 79 months. The main predictors of this event were the development of rejection episodes and disease recurrence. In all, 54 patients (25%) had a disease recurrence in a median of 16 months after kidney transplantation. The incidence of recurrence was higher in patients with dysproteinaemia (67%) and complement-mediated MPGN (62%). In the multivariable model, complement-mediated MPGN emerged as a predictor of recurrence. A total of 33 patients reached kidney failure after recurrence. The main determinants of no remission were early time to recurrence (&lt;15 months), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and serum albumin &lt;3.5 g/dL at the time of recurrence.

Conclusions
One-fourth of the patients with native kidney disease due to MPGN developed clinical recurrence in the allograft, especially in cases with complement-mediated disease or in those associated with dysproteinaemia. The kidney outcomes of disease recurrence with currently available therapies are heterogeneous and thus more effective and individualized therapies are needed.
Development of a Centralized Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Across a Diverse Health System and Early Antimicrobial Usage Trends
Authors: Khadem Tina M , Nguyen M Hong , Mellors John W , Bariola J Ryan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Expanding antimicrobial stewardship to community hospitals is vital and now required by regulatory agencies. UPMC instituted the Centralized Health system Antimicrobial Stewardship Efforts (CHASE) Program to expand antimicrobial stewardship to all UPMC hospitals regardless of local resources. For hospitals with few local stewardship resources, we used a model integrating local non-Infectious Diseases (ID) trained pharmacists with centralized ID experts.

Methods
Thirteen hospitals were included. Eleven were classified as robust (4) or nonrobust (7) depending on local stewardship resources and fulfillment of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention core elements of hospital antimicrobial stewardship. In addition to general stewardship oversight at all UPMC hospitals, the centralized team interacted regularly with nonrobust hospitals for individual patient reviews and local projects. We compared inpatient antimicrobial usage rates at nonrobust versus robust hospitals and at 2 UPMC academic medical centers.

Results
The CHASE Program expanded in scope between 2018 and 2020. During this period, antimicrobial usage at these 13 hospitals decreased by 16% with a monthly change of −4.7 days of therapy (DOT)/1000 patient days (PD) (95% confidence interval [CI], −5.5 to −3.9; P &lt; .0001). Monthly decrease at nonrobust hospitals was −3.3 DOT/1000 PD per month (−4.5 to −2.0, P &lt; .0001), similar to rates of decline at both robust hospitals (−3.3 DOT/1000 PD) and academic medical centers (−4.8 DOT/1000 PD) (P = .167).

Conclusions
Coordinated antimicrobial stewardship can be implemented across a large and diverse health system. Our hybrid model incorporating a central team of experts with local community hospital pharmacists led to usage decreases over 3 years at a rate comparable to that seen in larger hospitals with more established stewardship programs.
Phosphorylation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2 by BAK1 is required for ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pei Dan , Hua Deping , Deng Jinping , Wang Zhifang , Song Chunpeng , Wang Yi , Wang Yu , Qi Junsheng , Kollist Hannes , Yang Shuhua , Guo Yan , Gong Zhizhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Stomatal opening is largely promoted by light-activated plasma membrane-localized proton ATPases (PM H+-ATPases), while their closure is mainly modulated by abscisic acid (ABA) signaling during drought stress. It is unknown whether PM H+-ATPases participate in ABA-induced stomatal closure. We established that BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1) interacts with, phosphorylates and activates the major PM Arabidopsis H+-ATPase isoform 2 (AHA2). Detached leaves from aha2-6 single mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants lost as much water as bak1-4 single and aha2-6 bak1-4 double mutants, with all three mutants losing more water than the wild-type (Columbia-0 [Col-0]). In agreement with these observations, aha2-6, bak1-4, and aha2-6 bak1-4 mutants were less sensitive to ABA-induced stomatal closure than Col-0, whereas the aha2-6 mutation did not affect ABA-inhibited stomatal opening under light conditions. ABA-activated BAK1 phosphorylated AHA2 at Ser-944 in its C-terminus and activated AHA2, leading to rapid H+ efflux, cytoplasmic alkalinization, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, to initiate ABA signal transduction and stomatal closure. The phosphorylation-mimicking mutation AHA2S944D driven by its own promoter could largely compensate for the defective phenotypes of water loss, cytoplasmic alkalinization, and ROS accumulation in both aha2-6 and bak1-4 mutants. Our results uncover a crucial role of AHA2 in cytoplasmic alkalinization and ABA-induced stomatal closure during the plant’s response to drought stress.