bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomograms for predicting difficult airway based on ultrasound assessment
Authors: Wang Bin , Yao Weidong , Xue Qi , Wang Mingfang , Xu Jianling , Chen Yongquan , Zhang Ye 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate prediction of the difficult airway (DA) could help to prevent catastrophic consequences in emergency resuscitation, intensive care, and general anesthesia. Until now, there is no nomogram prediction model for DA based on ultrasound assessment. In this study, we aimed to develop a predictive model for difficult tracheal intubation (DTI) and difficult laryngoscopy (DL) using nomogram based on ultrasound measurement. We hypothesized that nomogram could utilize multivariate data to predict DTI and DL.

Methods
A prospective observational DA study was designed. This study included 2254 patients underwent tracheal intubation. Common and airway ultrasound indicators were used for the prediction, including thyromental distance (TMD), modified Mallampati test (MMT) score, upper lip bite test (ULBT) score temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mobility and tongue thickness (TT). Univariate and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) stepwise logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of DTI and DL. Nomograms were constructed to predict DL and DTL based on the AIC stepwise analysis results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of the nomograms.

Results
Among the 2254 patients enrolled in this study, 142 (6.30%) patients had DL and 51 (2.26%) patients had DTI. After AIC stepwise analysis, ULBT, MMT, sex, TMJ, age, BMI, TMD, IID, and TT were integrated for DL nomogram; ULBT, TMJ, age, IID, TT were integrated for DTI nomogram. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.933 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.912–0.954] and 0.974 (95% CI, 0.954–0.995) for DL and DTI, respectively.

Conclusion
Nomograms based on airway ultrasonography could be a reliable tool in predicting DA.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR-RCS-14004539), registered on 13th April 2014.
Timed up and go test predicts mortality in older adults in Peru: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Ascencio Edson J. , Cieza-Gómez Gustavo D. , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Ortiz Pedro J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
While there is evidence about stablished risk factors (e.g., raised blood pressure) and higher mortality risk in older population, less has been explored about other functional parameters like the Timed Up and Go test and the Gait Speed in older people at low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to study these mobility tests as predictors of mortality in a population of older people in Peru.

Methods
Population-based prospective cohort study (2013–2020). Random sampling of people aged 60+ years in a community of Lima, Peru. Geriatricians conducted all clinical evaluations and laboratory tests were conducted in the local hospital. Participants were sought in the national vital registration system, and we collated cause (ICD-10) and date of death. We conducted a nested forward multivariate Cox proportional hazard model to identify all potential predictors of all-cause, communicable and non-communicable diseases mortality.

Results
At baseline, there were 501 older people (mean age 70.6 and 62.8% were women), complete follow-up information was available from 427 people. Mean follow-up time was 46.5 months (SD = 25.3). In multivariate models, the Timed Up and Go test was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.09). For cause-specific mortality, history of heart disease (HR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.07–4.76) and age in years (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09) were predictors of non-communicable diseases mortality.

Conclusions
In addition to established risk factors for mortality in older population, the Timed Up and Go test, a functional parameter, raised as a relevant predictor of all-cause mortality.
Recipient obesity as a risk factor in kidney transplantation
Authors: Scheuermann Uwe , Babel Jonas , Pietsch Uta-Carolin , Weimann Antje , Lyros Orestis , Semmling Katrin , Hau Hans-Michael , Seehofer Daniel , Rademacher Sebastian , Sucher Robert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of recipient obesity on the short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing primary kidney transplantation (KT).

Patients and methods
A total of 578 patients receiving primary KT in our department between 1993 and 2017 were included in the study. Patients were divided according to their body mass index (BMI) into normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; N = 304), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2; N = 205) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; N = 69) groups. Their clinicopathological characteristics, outcomes, and survival rates were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
Obesity was associated with an increased rate of surgical complications such as wound infection (P < 0.001), fascial dehiscence (P = 0.023), and lymphoceles (P = 0.010). Furthermore, the hospital stay duration was significantly longer in the groups with obese patients compared to normal weight and overweight patients (normal weight: 22 days, overweight: 25 days, and obese: 33 days, respectively; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that recipient obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was an independent prognostic factor for delayed graft function (DGF) (OR 2.400; 95% CI, 1.365–4.219; P = 0.002) and postoperative surgical complications (OR 2.514; 95% CI, 1.230–5.136; P = 0.011). The mean death-censored graft survival was significantly lower in obese patients (normal weight: 16.3 ± 0.6 years, overweight: 16.3 ± 0.8 years, obese 10.8 ± 1.5 years, respectively; P = 0.001). However, when using the Cox proportional hazards model, the association between recipient obesity and death-censored renal graft failure disappeared, after adjustment for important covariates, whereas the principal independent predictors of graft loss were recipient diabetes mellitus and hypertension and kidneys from donors with expanded donor criteria.

Conclusion
In conclusion, obesity increases the risk of DGF and post-operative surgical complications after primary KT. Appropriate risk-adapted information concerning this must be provided to such patients before KT. Furthermore, obesity-typical concomitant diseases seem to negatively influence graft survival and need to be considered after the transplantation of obese patients.
Prognostic significance of long non-coding RNA five prime to XIST in various cancers
Authors: Zhou Jian , Chen Junjie , Chen Ziyuan , Wu Gen , Zhou Zhen , Wu Tong , Wang Wanchun , Luo Yingquan , Liu Tang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo observe the clinicopathological and prognostic value of long non-coding RNA five prime to X inactive specific transcript (lncFTX) in multiple tumors.MethodsEligible studies for lncFTX were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from inception to December 01, 2020. Stata 12.0 software was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR)/hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset to further investigate the differential expression and prognostic value of lncFTX.ResultsWe included 11 studies involving a total of 1633 patients. The results showed that the expression of lncFTX was positively associated with advanced TNM stage (III-IV versus I-II) (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.74–3.03,P < 0.05), lymph nodes metastasis (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 2.00–4.52, P < 0.05), distant metastasis (OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 2.13–6.34, P < 0.05), and cancer mortality (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.20–2.81, P < 0.05). However, the expression of lncFTX was not associated with tumor differentiation (poor differentiation versus well or moderate differentiation) and vessel invasion of cancer. Subgroup analysis showed that the higher lncFTX expression was associated with shorter overall survival in cancer patients, regardless of the sample size and cancer type. No publication bias was found, and the sensitivity analysis results suggested that the main findings were robust. Elevated expression and prognostic significance of FTX were confirmed using TCGA dataset.ConclusionsThis study found that the expression of lncFTX was positively associated with advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph nodes, distant metastasis and, cancer mortality, suggesting that lncFTX might be a potential prognostic biomarker for tumors.
Radiosynthesis of a novel antisense imaging probe targeting LncRNA HOTAIR in malignant glioma
Authors: Ren Jiongyu , Zhang Xiyuan , Cao Jiang , Tian Jiali , Luo Jin , Yu Yaping , Wang Fengkui , Zhao Qian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) HOTAIR was amplified and overexpressed in many human carcinomas, which could serve as a useful target for cancer early detection and treatment. The 99mTc radiolabeled antisense oligonucleotides (ASON) could visualize the expression of HOTAIR and provide a diagnostic value for malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether liposome-coated antisense oligonucleotide probe 99mTc-HYNIC-ASON targeting HOTAIR can be used in in vivo imaging of HOTAIR in malignant glioma xenografts.

Methods
The ASON targeting LncRNA HOTAIR as well as mismatched ASON (ASONM) were designed and modified. The radiolabeling of 99mTc with two probes were via the conjugation of bifunctional chelator HYNIC. Then probes were purified by Sephadex G25 and tested for their radiolabeling efficiency and purity, as well as stability by ITLC (Instant thin-layer chromatography) and gel electrophoresis. Then the radiolabeled probes were transfected with lipofectamine 2000 for cellular uptake test and the next experimental use. Furthermore, biodistribution study and SPECT imaging were performed at different times after liposome-coated 99mTc-HYNIC-ASON/ASONM were intravenously injected in glioma tumor-bearing mice models. All data were analyzed by statistical software.

Results
The labeling efficiencies of 99mTc-HYNIC-ASON and 99mTc-HYNIC-ASONM measured by ITLC were (91 ± 1.5) % and (90 ± 0.6) %, respectively, and both radiochemical purities were more than 89%. Two probes showed good stability within 12 h. Gel electrophoresis confirmed that the oligomers were successfully radiolabeled no significant degradation were found. Biodistribution study demonstrated that liposome-coated antisense probes were excreted mainly through the kidney and bladder and has higher uptake in the tumor. Meanwhile, the tumor was clearly shown after injection of liposome coated 99mTc-HYNIC-ASON, and its T/M ratio was higher than that in the non-transfection group and mismatched group. No tumor was seen in mismatched and blocking group.

Conclusion
The liposome encapsulated 99mTc-HYNIC-ASON probe can be used in the in vivo, real-time imaging of LncRNA HOTAIR expression in malignant glioma.
High expression of S100A2 predicts poor prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Qinzhen , Xia Tianxiang , Qi Chenxiang , Du Jun , Ye Chunping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
S100A2, a member of the S100 protein family, is abnormally expressed and plays a vital role in multiple cancers. However, little is known about the clinical significance of S100A2 in endometrial carcinoma.

Methods
Clinicopathological data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). First, the expression and prognostic value of different S100 family members in endometrial carcinoma were evaluated. Subsequently, the Kaplan–Meier plotter and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic significance of S100A2, while the association between S100A2 expression and clinical characteristics in endometrial carcinoma was also analyzed using logistic regression. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a nomogram were constructed. The putative underlying cellular mechanisms were explored using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results
Our results revealed that S100A2 expression was significantly higher in endometrial carcinoma tissue than in non-cancerous tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. Analysis of Kaplan–Meier plotter data revealed that patients with high S100A2 expression had shorter overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) compared with those of patients with low S100A2 expression. Multivariate Cox analysis further confirmed that high S100A2 expression was an independent risk factor for OS in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Other clinicopathologic features found to be related to worse prognosis in endometrial carcinoma included age, clinical stage, histologic grade, and tumor invasion. Importantly, ROC analysis also confirmed that S100A2 has a high diagnostic value in endometrial carcinoma. KEGG enrichment analysis and GSEA revealed that the estrogen and IL-17 signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in the high S100A2 expression group, in which estrogen response, JAK-STAT3, K-Ras, and TNFα/NF-κB were differentially enriched.

Conclusions
S100A2 plays an important role in endometrial carcinoma progression and may represent an independent diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for endometrial carcinoma.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine and refusal to receive COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Metadel , Ademas Ayechew , Kloos Helmut 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Major efforts are being made to control the spread and impacts of the coronavirus pandemic using vaccines. Ethiopia began on March 13, 2021, to vaccinate healthcare workers (HCWs) for COVID-19 with the AstraZeneca vaccine. However, willingness to be vaccinated depends to a large extent on factors beyond the availability of vaccines. This study aimed to determine the rate of intention to refuse COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors among HCWs in northeastern Ethiopia. northeastern, Ethiopia.

Method
An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed among 404 HCWs in Dessie City, northeastern Ethiopia in May, 2021. Data were collected, checked, coded, entered into EpiData Version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0 for cleaning and analysis. The dependent variable was refuse to receive COVID-19 vaccination and the independent variables included socio-demographic factors, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. A Binary logistic regression model was used to determine the association between vaccine refusal and the independent variables. From bivariate analysis, variables with p-values < 0.25 were retained for multivariable analysis. From multivariable analysis, variables with adjusted odds ratio (AOR), p-values <0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) were declared as factors significantly associated with refusal to be vaccinated among HCWs in Dessie City, northeastern Ethiopia.

Results
The proportion of HCWs with overall good knowledge, good perception, and positive attitudes about COVID-19 vaccination were 62.5%, 60.5%, and 52.3%, respectively; 64.0% of the HCWs wanted to be vaccinated while 36.0% said that they would refuse to do so. Multivariable analysis identified negative attitudes (AOR: 3.057; 95%CI [1.860 - 5.026]) and poor perceptions (AOR: 4.73; 95%CI [2.911 - 7.684]) about COVID-19 vaccines were significantly associated with refusal to be vaccinated for COVID-19. Nearly half (46.9%) of the HCWs stated that vaccines could worsen any pre-existing medical conditions and 39.5% of them thought that vaccines could cause COVID-19 infections.

Conclusion
The willingness of HCWs to get vaccinated against COVID-19 was relatively high among HCWs. Negative attitudes and poor perceptions towards the anticipated COVID-19 vaccination were significant factors to refuse to be vaccinated. Our findings may provide information for the management authorities and stakeholders to promote and improve attitudes, knowledge and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccination uptake among HCWs.
Effect of care environment on educational attainment among orphaned and separated children and adolescents in Western Kenya
Authors: Apedaile Dorothy , DeLong Allison , Sang Edwin , Ayuku David , Atwoli Lukoye , Galárraga Omar , Braitstein Paula 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There are approximately 140 million orphaned and separated children (OSCA) around the world. In Kenya, many of these children live with extended family while others live in institutions. Despite evidence that orphans are less likely to be enrolled in school than non-orphans, there is little evidence regarding the role of care environment. This evidence is vital for designing programs and policies that promote access to education for orphans, which is not only their human right but also an important social determinant of health. The purpose of this study was to compare educational attainment among OSCA living in Charitable Children’s Institutions and family-based settings in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya.

Methods
This study analyses follow up data from a cohort of OSCA living in 300 randomly selected households and 17 institutions. We used Poisson regression to estimate the effect of care environment on primary school completion among participants age ≥ 14 as well as full and partial secondary school completion among participants age ≥ 18. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a bootstrap method with 1000 replications.

Results
The analysis included 1406 participants (495 from institutions, 911 from family-based settings). At baseline, 50% were female, the average age was 9.5 years, 54% were double orphans, and 3% were HIV-positive. At follow-up, 76% of participants age ≥ 14 had completed primary school and 32% of participants age ≥ 18 had completed secondary school. Children living in institutions were significantly more likely to complete primary school (aRR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.28) and at least 1 year of secondary school (aRR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18–1.39) than children in family-based settings. Children living in institutions were less likely to have completed all 4 years secondary school (aRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.43–1.18) than children in family-based settings.

Conclusion
Children living in institutional environments were more likely to complete primary school and some secondary school than children living in family-based care. Further support is needed for all orphans to improve primary and secondary school completion. Policies that require orphans to leave institution environments upon their eighteenth birthday may be preventing these youth from completing secondary school.
Clinical clerkship students’ preferences and satisfaction regarding online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yagi Shusuke , Fukuda Daiju , Ise Takayuki , Yamaguchi Koji , Kusunose Kenya , Kadota Muneyuki , Kawabata Yutaka , Matsuura Tomomi , Soga Tomohiro , Yamada Hirotsugu , Soeki Takeshi , Wakatsuki Tetsuzo , Kawahito Shinji , Sata Masataka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption in medical education. Students and lecturers had to adapt to online education. The current study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction and future preference for online lectures among clinical clerkship students and elucidated the factors that affect these outcomes.

Methods
We selected a sample of 114 medical students undergoing clinical clerkship during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted onsite lectures before the pandemic and online lectures after the outbreak. A survey was conducted, and the sample included students and 17 lecturers. The average scores of total satisfaction and future preference related to online lectures were computed.

Results
Students’ scores on total satisfaction with online lectures and their future preference were higher than those for onsite lectures. Scores on the ease of debating dimension were low and those on accessibility of lectures in online lectures were higher than those in onsite lectures. There was no difference between the two groups in the scores on the comprehensibility and ease of asking questions dimensions. Results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that accessibility determined total satisfaction, and future preference was determined by comprehensibility as well as accessibility. Contrary to students’ future preferences, lecturers favored onsite lectures to online ones.

Conclusion
Online lectures are an acceptable mode of teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic for students undergoing clinical clerkship. Online lectures are expected to become more pervasive to avoid the spread of COVID-19.
Health beliefs and behaviors of livestock industry workers regarding Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Northwest of Iran
Authors: Abazari Malek , Adham Davoud , Saghafipour Abedin , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra , Abbasi-Ghahramanloo Abbas , Asadollahi Javad , Pouya Amin Babaei , Asl Eslam Moradi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an acute, feverous disease that is caused by tick bites or humans’ direct contact with the blood and tissues of infected livestock and humans. The transmission of the disease is also possible via human-to-human contacts and nosocomial transmission is well described. The majority of patients suffering from this disease are slaughterhouse workers (including butchers), farmers, veterinarians and hospital staff. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the health behaviors of butchers regarding CCHF and study factors affecting such behaviors based on the health belief model.

Methods
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 500 butchers in Ardabil Province in 2020 by a multistage sampling method. The participants of the study completed the researcher-made questionnaire of health belief model and health behaviors model relevant to CCHF. The collected data were then analyzed by descriptive statistical tests and linear regression analysis.

Results
The mean (SD) age of the participants was 44.4 (10.5) years, and 96% were males. Only 11.1% of the participants displayed acceptable disease-preventive behaviors. The validity and reliability of the developed questionnaire were confirmed. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the constructs of the model explained 84% of the total variance. The results of the study revealed that among the variables of the health belief model, perceived susceptibility (p-value = 0.006, β = 0.152) and perceived barriers (p-value = 0.023, β = 0.14) were the strongest factors predicting disease-preventive behaviors regarding CCHF.

Conclusion
The results of the study showed that the health belief model can predict preventive behaviors for CCHF. Therefore, designing and executing interventions based on the results of this study may encourage such preventive behaviors in butchers.