bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for mercaptopurine intolerance in ALL – target the genes or their product?
Authors: Barrett John 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTo avoid toxicity, patients with inherited intolerance to thiopurines require major dose reductions of six mercaptopurine (6MP) for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) maintenance treatment. Germline variants in the NUDT15 gene are emerging as the most common cause of 6MP intolerance in East Asian populations. New approaches are being developed to identify susceptibility to 6MP toxicity in order to appropriately tailor dosing schedules for at‐risk patients.Commentary on: Tanaka et al. Prominence of NUDT15 genetic variation associated with 6‐mercaptopurine tolerance in a genome‐wide association study of Japanese children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2022;199:260‐269 and Yoshida et al. Low NUDT15 expression levels due to biallelic NUDT15 variants and 6‐mercaptopurine intolerance. Br J Haematol 2022;199:270‐276.
Parents' education and Pasifika children's oral health in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A national linked data study using Aotearoa/New Zealand's integrated data infrastructure
Authors: Ruhe Troy , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Schluter Philip J. , Bowden Nicholas , Theodore Reremoana , Richards Rosalina , Kokaua Jesse 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesA wide inequality in incidence and severity of childhood oral health conditions between Pasifika and non‐Pasifika in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Aotearoa/NZ) persists with some evidence that the gap is widening. To develop an evidence base for strengths‐based solutions, this study seeks to investigate the association between parental education and detected oral health conditions in Pasifika children.MethodA secondary cross‐sectional analysis of linked routinely collected national databases of children (Pasifika and Non‐Māori non‐Pasifika [NMNP]) aged 0–9 years in 2013 who completed a Before School Check (B4SC) and had their birth parents file a 2013 New Zealand census return. Parental education is represented by their self‐reported highest qualification level gained. Logistic regression models were employed to investigate childhood caries and hospitalisations related to oral health conditions after adjusting for social and economic factors.ResultsDuring the five‐year period of 2013–2017, 21 744 (10.2%) children (Pasifika and NMNP) completed the B4SC and experienced caries. Pasifika children experienced caries three times more than NMNP children (23.6% and 7.9%, respectively) and 1.8 times more dental hospitalisations (6.0% and 3.4%, respectively). Each additional level of parental education reduced their Pasifika child's odds of experiencing caries (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.82–0.85) and dental hospitalization (unadjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87–0.91). Less than half of the reduced odds for parental education could be attributed to other covariate factors, by 43% and 25%; respectively, for caries and hospitalisations.ConclusionsOur findings show good educational achievement is associated with better oral health for offspring beyond other benefits that can be attributed to non‐education influences. Increased education for Pasifika parents is likely to directly confer better oral health for their children. The findings from this study may provide meaningful evidence for future developments in Pasifika education policy as an investment into the health of subsequent generations of Pasifika children.
Differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of the neurological signs and symptoms in COVID‐19 and long‐COVID syndrome
Authors: Baig Abdul Mannan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeurological features have now been reported very frequently in the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2. The neurological deficits associated features are observed in both acute and chronic stages of COVID‐19 and they appear to overlap with wide‐ranging symptoms that can be attributed to being of non‐neural origins, thus obscuring the definitive diagnosis of neuro‐COVID. The pathogenetic factors acting in concert to cause neuronal injury are now emerging, with SARS‐CoV‐2 directly affecting the brain coupled with the neuroinflammatory factors have been implicated in the causation of disabilities in acute COVID‐19 and patients with Long‐COVID syndrome. As the differentiation between a neural origin and other organ‐based causation of a particular neurological feature is of prognostic significance, it implores a course of action to this covert, yet important neurological challenge.
Statistical Learning of Language: A Meta‐Analysis Into 25 Years of Research
Authors: Isbilen Erin S. , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStatistical learning is a key concept in our understanding of language acquisition. Ample work has highlighted its role in numerous linguistic functions—yet statistical learning is not a unitary construct, and its consistency across different language properties remains unclear. In a meta‐analysis of auditory‐linguistic statistical learning research spanning the last 25 years, we evaluated how learning varies across different language properties in infants, children, and adults and surveyed the methodological trends in the literature. We found robust learning across stimuli (syllables, words, etc.) in infants, and across stimuli and structures (adjacent dependencies, non‐adjacent dependencies, etc.) in adults, with larger effect sizes when multiple cues were present. However, the analysis also showed significant publication bias and revealed a tendency toward using a narrow range of simplified language properties, including in the strength of the transitional probabilities used during training. Bayes factor analyses revealed prevalent data insensitivity of moderators commonly hypothesized to impact learning, such as the amount of exposure and transitional probability strength, which contradict core theoretical assumptions in the field. Methodological factors, such as the tasks used at test, also significantly impacted effect sizes in adults and children, suggesting that choice of task may critically constrain current theories of how statistical learning operates. Collectively, our results suggest that auditory‐linguistic statistical learning has the kind of robustness needed to play a foundational role in language acquisition, but that more research is warranted to reveal its full potential.
Prehospital Respiratory Early Warning Score for airway management in‐ambulance: A score comparison
Authors: Martín‐Rodríguez Francisco , López‐Izquierdo Raúl , Sanz‐García Ancor , Ortega Guillermo J. , del Pozo Vegas Carlos , Delgado‐Benito Juan F. , Castro Villamor Miguel A. , Soriano Joan B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrehospital Respiratory Early Warning Scores to estimate the requirement for advanced respiratory support is needed. To develop a prehospital Respiratory Early Warning Score to estimate the requirement for advanced respiratory support.MethodsMulticentre, prospective, emergency medical services (EMS)‐delivered, longitudinal cohort derivationvalidation study carried out in 59 ambulances and five hospitals across five Spanish provinces. Adults with acute diseases evaluated, supported and discharged to the Emergency Department with high priority were eligible. The primary outcome was the need for invasive or non‐invasive respiratory support (NIRS or IRS) in the prehospital scope at the first contact with the patient. The measures included the following: epidemiological endpoints, prehospital vital signs (respiratory rate, pulse oximetry saturation, fraction of inspired oxygen, systolic and diastolic mean blood pressure, heart rate, tympanic temperature and consciousness level by the GCS).ResultsBetween 26 Oct 2018 and 26 Oct 2021, we enrolled 5793 cases. For NIRS prediction, the final model of the logistic regression included respiratory rate and pulse oximetry saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio. For the IRS case, the motor response from the Glasgow Coma Scale was also included. The REWS showed an AUC of 0.938 (95% CI: 0.918–0.958), a calibration‐in‐large of 0.026 and a higher net benefit as compared with the other scores.ConclusionsOur results showed that REWS is a remarkably aid for the decision‐making process in the management of advanced respiratory support in prehospital care. Including this score in the prehospital scenario could improve patients' care and optimise the resources' management.
Political uncertainty and foreign direct investment—Evidence from the government official vacancy in China's cities
Authors: Cheng Maoyong , Yao Yutong , Meng Yu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on a new political uncertainty phenomenon, that is, the government official vacancy, and examines its effects on foreign direct investment in China's cities. Using hand‐collected data about the vacancies of the municipal party secretary in China from 2003 to 2018, we find that the government official vacancy reduces foreign direct investment. A one unit (month) increase in the government official vacancy leads to a −2.225% decrease in foreign direct investment. Second, we show three possible channels through which the government official vacancy reduces foreign direct investment: reducing government efficiency, increasing economic policy uncertainty and increasing corruption. Finally, our results show that the effects of government official vacancies on foreign direct investment are stronger in cities with a strong media environment, cities with a low level of innovation and entrepreneurship and cities in the middle region of China. Our main results pass a series of robustness tests. Overall, our research offers novel evidence that political uncertainty has a negative impact on foreign direct investment.
Potential new roles for glycogen in epilepsy
Authors: Dienel Gerald A. , Gillinder Lisa , McGonigal Aileen , Borges Karin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeizures often originate in epileptogenic foci. Between seizures (interictally), these foci and some of the surrounding tissue often show low signals with 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in many epileptic patients, even when there are no radiologically detectable structural abnormalities. Low FDG‐PET signals are thought to reflect glucose hypometabolism. Here, we review knowledge about metabolism of glucose and glycogen and oxidative stress in people with epilepsy and in acute and chronic rodent seizure models. Interictal brain glucose levels are normal and do not cause apparent glucose hypometabolism, which remains unexplained. During seizures, high amounts of fuel are needed to satisfy increased energy demands. Astrocytes consume glycogen as an additional emergency fuel to supplement glucose during high metabolic demand, such as during brain stimulation, stress, and seizures. In rodents, brain glycogen levels drop during induced seizures and increase to higher levels thereafter. Interictally, in people with epilepsy and in chronic epilepsy models, normal glucose but high glycogen levels have been found in the presumed brain areas involved in seizure generation. We present our new hypothesis that as an adaptive response to repeated episodes of high metabolic demand, high interictal glycogen levels in epileptogenic brain areas are used to support energy metabolism and potentially interictal neuronal activity. Glycogenolysis, which can be triggered by stress or oxidative stress, leads to decreased utilization of plasma glucose in epileptogenic brain areas, resulting in low FDG signals that are related to functional changes underlying seizure onset and propagation. This is (partially) reversible after successful surgery. Last, we propose that potential interictal glycogen depletion in epileptogenic and surrounding areas may cause energy shortages in astrocytes, which may impair potassium buffering and contribute to seizure generation. Based on these hypotheses, auxiliary fuels or treatments that support glycogen metabolism may be useful to treat epilepsy.
Do high‐risk couples profit more or less from couple relationship education programs than low‐risk couples? Room for improvement and vulnerability effects
Authors: Conradi Henk Jan , Noordhof Arjen , Dingemanse Pieter , Kamphuis Jan H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn recent years it has been discussed whether high‐risk couples benefit more from Couple Relationship Education programs (CREs) than low‐risk couples due to larger room for improvement, or profit less due to greater vulnerability. Pertinent response prediction studies yielded inconclusive results. Careful review suggests this may be due to: statistical handling (not disentangling room for improvement and vulnerability effects), time frame analyzed (not disentangling opposing effects during intervention and follow‐up), sampling, and selection of risk factors. We used an analytic strategy that maximized odds for replicability and tested two hypotheses: (1) room for improvement: pre‐intervention relationship dissatisfaction predicts gain in satisfaction during intervention, and decline during follow up, and (2) vulnerability: when adjusted for room for improvement (pre‐intervention relationship dissatisfaction), risk factors show negative or negligible, but no positive associations with gain in satisfaction. Actor‐Partner Interdependence Modeling (APIM) was employed in 79 self‐referred (SR) couples and 50 clinician‐referred (CR) couples who had completed the ‘Hold me Tight’ program, a CRE based on Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy. Our findings supported both the room for improvement hypothesis, with pre‐intervention dissatisfaction predicting more gain during intervention (both samples) and decline during follow‐up (SR sample, for the CR sample the effect was negligible), and the vulnerability hypothesis, as several negative, but no positive effects of risk factors were observed during intervention and follow‐up. Specific risk factors did not replicate between samples. To promote replicable results in future research, we advocate disentangling room for improvement and vulnerability effects, separately testing effects during intervention and follow‐up, purposeful sampling, and studying a large set of risk factors including partner variables.
A study on modified P‐S‐N curve of notched specimens based on small sample under multiaxial loading
Authors: Pan Xuemei , Liu Jianhui , Li Youtang , Hua Feilong , Chen Xiaochuang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe small sample data under the highest stress level are augmented based on the improved Bootstrap method, and then the augmented data are converted to sample data under the lower stress levels with the Principle of Fatigue Life Probability Percentiles Consistency. Furthermore, the augmented sample data and the original data are fused into the equivalent large sample data to establish the P‐S‐N curve with higher accuracy. Meanwhile, a new method for calculating the fatigue damage parameter of the notched specimens is proposed based on the two‐point method. A modified P‐S‐N curve is established to predict the fatigue life of other specimens with different stress concentration coefficients under different stress levels. In addition, the experimental data of three kinds of materials are collected to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the new method. The results show that the predicted fatigue life is in good agreement with the experimental life.
‘Word without Measure’: The (Ir)reducible History of Jesus Christ in John Webster
Authors: Rempel Brent A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJohn Webster's Christology bears a twofold character. First, Webster attends to the particular identity of the Son of God who is and acts in and as Jesus Christ. Second, Webster articulates, in increasing measure, the rootedness of the Word's assumption of the flesh in the Son's eternal relation to Father and the Holy Spirit. Both features of Jesus' history – namely its irreducible particularity and architectural traceability – establish God's self‐correspondence: the concrete history of God with us corresponds to God's eternal being and act. Webster's later work accords material priority to the Son's antecedent existence as the second person of the Holy Trinity. I locate the impetus for this shift in Webster's theological construal of history which serves, in turn, to inform and revise the dogmatic task of unfolding Jesus' history. No longer inhibited by a predominately modern view of human history, Webster more readily traces the history of Jesus Christ to the eternal procession of the Son of God.
Expanding Multimodal Artistic Expression and Appreciation Methods through Integrating Augmented Reality
Authors: Lim Kyungeun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncreasing usage of digital technologies in daily life has affected even tech savvy students. With the prominent development of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality technologies, this study concentrates on the ongoing development of AR in art education and its potential in art education. As an educator in visual arts at a higher education institution, the author explored AR‐integrated curriculum by introducing an AR creation tool (Adobe Aero) and AR education tool (Merge Cube) into visual arts education classes. The lessons were designed with multimodal delivery methods for learning effectiveness with AR, and students learned about the concepts of arts integration and AR technologies. This study examines how newly developed AR‐based curriculum expanded students’ art expression and represented artwork in real and virtual spaces. In outlining the results, this study explains the practice of two‐dimensional (2D) and virtual‐based three‐dimensional (3D) hybrid art creations in AR, and digital storytelling with AR. This study also discusses the positive impacts on students' learning engagement and satisfaction and understanding of layers and spatial structures.
Variation in shape and consistency of selection between populations of the threatened Hihi (Notiomystis cincta)
Authors: Rutschmann Alexis , Santure Anna W. , Brekke Patricia , Ewen John G. , Shanahan Danielle , de Villemereuil Pierre 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe shape and intensity of natural selection can vary between years, potentially resulting in a chronic reduction of fitness as individuals need to track a continually changing optimum of fitness (i.e., a “lag load”). In endangered species, often characterized by small population size, the lack of genetic diversity is expected to limit the response to this constant need to adjust to fluctuating selection, increasing the fitness burden and thus the risk of extinction. Here, we use long‐term monitoring data to assess whether the type of selection for a key fitness trait (i.e., lay date) differs between two reintroduced populations of a threatened passerine bird, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta). We apply recent statistical developments to test for the presence or absence of fluctuation in selection in both the Tiritiri Mātangi Island and the Kārori sanctuary populations. Our results support the presence of stabilizing selection in Tiritiri Mātangi with a potential moving optimum for lay date. In Kārori our results favour a regime of directional selection. Although the shape of selection may differ, for both populations an earlier lay date generally increases fitness in both environments. Further, the moving optimum models of lay date on Tiritiri Mātangi, suggesting that selection varies between years, imply a substantial lag load in addition to the fitness burden caused by the population laying too late. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing the form and temporal variation of selection for each population to predict the effects of environmental change and to inform management.
Understanding health information exchange processes within Canadian long‐term care: A scoping review
Authors: Cotton Kendra , Booth Richard G. , McMurray Josephine , Treesh Rianne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundProviding supportive care to long‐term care residents with complex medical conditions generates substantial amounts of health information. This information must be documented, shared and acted upon by the various care providers within the circle of care.ObjectivesThe purpose of this scoping review is to describe the current digital health information exchange (HIE) processes used within Canadian long‐term care facilities (LTCFs).MethodsThe scoping review followed Arksey and O′Malley's approach to the methodology. Electronic databases (e.g. CINAHL, MEDLINE and SCOPUS) were searched between 2010 and 2020 using terms including ‘health information exchange’, ‘communication’ and ‘health information technology’. Articles were included if they were Canadian‐based and relevant to our definition of health information exchange.ResultsThe search yielded 2091 citations for title and abstract screening; 78 citations were selected for independent full‐text review, 42 of those met study criteria. The findings revealed gaps between the expectations of HIE for quality health care and the realities of HIE processes that impact the provision of care in long‐term care.ConclusionsWe conclude that increased provider engagement and effective use of HIE processes is recommended to improve the safety and quality of health care in the long‐term care sector.Implications for PracticeHIE implementation should be preceded a review of various aspects of workflow to identify information gaps and inefficiencies that can be addressed by digitization.
Correlation between C7–T1 Intervertebral Foramen Area and Sagittal Parameters in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Zhang Lilong , Cui Zijian , Yuan Chen , Zhang Xueli , Ren Zhishuai , Wang Wei , Xia Ping , Zhu Rusen 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveCervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is an incomplete spinal cord injury characterized with pain and stiffness in the neck and motor and sensory dysfunction. This study aims to determine whether C7–T1 intervertebral foramen area could be used as a parameter to evaluate the sagittal curvature of cervical spine.MethodsPatients with clinical manifestations of spinal cord compression were hospitalized in our hospital from September 2018 to August 2019. All patients were diagnosed with CSM by nuclear magnetic imaging and other imaging methods. C2–C7 Cobb angle and T1 slop (T1S) were measured on the sagittal, T2‐weighted magnetic resonance image of cervical spine, and C7–T1 intervertebral foramen area were measured using oblique cervical spine X‐rays. Patients were divided into two groups according to the value of C2–C7 Cobb angle, including lordosis group (C2–C7 Cobb angle >10°, n = 45) and straight group (C2–7 Cobb angle ≤10°, n = 55). The reliability of the data was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the correlation of the imaging parameters was analyzed by Pearson correlation.ResultsA total of 100 patients diagnosed with CSM hospitalized in our department were included. The ICC of the cervical parameters was 0.73. C7–T1 intervertebral foramen area was 40.69 ± 11.44 and 39.95 ± 10.94 mm2 in lordosis and straight group, respectively. The results showed that C7–T1 intervertebral foramen area was positively correlated with both C2–C7 Cobb angle (r = 0.23, p = 0.02) and T1S (r = 0.21, p = 0.03). In lordosis group, there was a positive correlation between C7 and T1 intervertebral foramen area and C2–C7 Cobb angle (r = 0.69, p < 0.01) and T1S (r = 0.34, p = 0.02). However, in straight group, C7–T1 intervertebral foramen area was not correlated with either C2–C7 Cobb angle or T1S.ConclusionC7–T1 intervertebral foramen area measured by oblique X‐ray could be an effective method to evaluate the sagittal balance of cervical vertebrae for CSM patients with cervical lordosis.