bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Permanent-Magnet Vernier Machine for Direct-Driven Wind Power Generator Considering Pole-Slot Combinations
Authors: Kim Hyung-Woo , Kang Seung-Gu , Jung Sang-Yong , Yeo Han-Kyeol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWind power turbines have increasingly attracted attention as a renewable energy source. Gearboxes in wind turbines reduce their efficiency, require periodic maintenance, and result in gearbox failure. Consequently, direct-driven generators with a high torque density have emerged as an alternative because they transmit the high torque of the wind turbine directly. Permanent-magnet vernier machines (PMVMs) possess a simple and robust structure and significantly high torque density at low speeds. Although various topologies and pole-slot combinations of PMVMs have been considered to enhance their performance, studies on fractional-slot distributed-winding PMVMs (FSDW PMVMs) remain limited compared with those on fractional-slot concentrated-winding PMVMs (FSCW PMVMs). In this study, we designed eight models, including permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), FSDW, and FSCW PMVMs for direct-driven wind power generators. Their performances in terms of torque density, torque ripple, losses, and power factor were compared and verified using finite element analysis. The FSDW PMVM was proposed as the best model for direct-driven wind power generators based on the torque density, torque ripple, and possibility of performance improvement.
Spatial variability and accessibility of collection and delivery points in Nanjing, China
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Sajid , Jin Annan , Rehman Adnanul , Ahamad Muhammad Irfan , Li Gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCollection and delivery points are an alternative to home delivery and represent an important opportunity to reduce delivery failures in urban areas. As online shopping has become increasingly popular, different accessibility modes such as walking, cycling, and driving are considered for the collection of parcels at collection and delivery points (CDPs). The primary objective of the present study was to assess the spatial variability and accessibility of CDPs in Nanjing City, China. The point of interest (POI) data of 1224 CDPs (including 424 China Post Stations and 800 Cainiao Stations), and population and gross domestic product data were employed for the spatial analysis. The results showed that China Post Stations and Cainiao Stations were distributed in Nanjing as clusters at α = 0.01. Both types (51.1% China Post Stations and 63.2% Cainiao Stations) of CDPs were aggregated in the high population density areas. Moreover, 28.0% of China Post Stations and 50.9% of Cainiao Stations were located in high GDP density areas. The overall spatial distribution of China Post Stations in population and GDP density areas was medium, while that of the Cainiao Stations was high. There was a significant correlation between the spatial distribution of the CDPs, population, and GDP. There were significant spatial accessibility differences to CDPs among different accessibility modes like walking, cycling, and driving. Walking and cycling mode accessibility to China Post Stations and Cainiao Stations were 13.8 and 25.3% and 9.2 and 28.9%, respectively while 71.8% of China Post Stations and 71.1% of Cainiao Stations were accessed by driving. The findings of this study would be beneficial for policymakers and practitioners to develop related policies, to assist companies in building up more sustainable urban logistics and a booming CDPs’ network in the future.
Idea selection in design teams: a computational framework and insights in the presence of influencers
Authors: Singh Harshika , Cascini Gaetano , McComb Christopher 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIdea selection is crucial in design as it impacts the outcome of a project. A collaborative design activity could be considered as a social process where the interactions and individual states (such as the importance in the team and self-efficacy level) could affect decision-making. It is often seen in design teams that some individuals, referred to as ‘influencers’ in the article have more capacity to influence than others, hence they govern the team process for better or worse. Due to the limited work done in the past to study the effect of these influencers on design outcomes, the work aims at increasing the understanding by presenting some insights from its agent-based simulation. The simulation results show how different influencer team compositions affect design outcomes in terms of quality and exploration of the solutions. The idea selection starts with the agents who are ready with their solution in their ‘mind’. The work presented in this article describes a framework for simulating decision-making during idea selection by considering the influencer and majority effect. The empirical study presented in the article verifies the model logic, that is, the presence of influencer and the majority during idea selection and supports the assumption that individuals’ agreement on solutions proposed by other team members depends on the degree of influence and past agreement. The results of the simulation show that teams with well-defined influencers produced solutions with higher variety and had more uniform contributions from team members, but also produced solutions of lower quality.
WESTERN HAN NOBLE BURIALS: A VIEW FROM ZHANG ANSHI'S 張安世 TOMB
Authors: Ruyue He , Yuanru Song , Nylan Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe family cemetery of Zhang Anshi was the first cemetery for nobles to be discovered in which the tomb occupants, dating, and gravesite orientation was so clear to investigators. As such, the site is of enormous historical significance. This essay introduces the entire site to readers and extrapolates aspects of the Western Han mourning regulations from the evidence presented by the jade suits, carriage and horse sets, tomb figurines, shrine, and layout. The essay also assesses scholarly debates concerning the degree to which Zhang Anshi's burial conforms to standards of late Western Han, and the relationship between Emperor Xuan's burial site and Duling with the site of Zhang Anshi's own tomb, questioning the traditional beliefs about “accompanying burials.”
Perforation effects on the wake dynamics of normal flat plates
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Narasimhamurthy Vagesh D. 
Published: August 2022

The effect of perforation on the wake of a thin flat plate placed normal to the free stream at Reynolds number (

$Re$

) 250 (based on plate width

$d$

, and inflow velocity

$U_o$

) is studied by means of direct numerical simulation. The perforated plate of length

$6d$

consist of six equidistant square holes of varying sizes corresponding to porosity

$\beta$

(ratio of open area to total plate area) of 0 %, 4 %, 9 %, 12.25 %, 16 %, 20.25 % and 25 %. It is observed that the bleed or jet flow through perforations pushes the shear layer interaction farther downstream with increasing

$\beta$

. This causes a monotonic decrease in the drag coefficient with increasing porosity, and a sharp fall seeming to begin at

$\beta \approx 4\,\%$

. On the other hand, the Strouhal number increases with

$\beta$

up to 16 % (at

$\beta =16\,\%$

, loss of flow three-dimensionality leads to a ‘quasi-laminar’ state of flow). This is followed by a sharp fall in the Strouhal number at

$\beta \approx 20\,\%$

. The behaviour of the large-scale vortical structures in the far wake is influenced by the near-wake behaviour of the bleed flow, where the local

$Re$

based on the perforation hole size determines the overall flow three-dimensionality. It is also observed that the jet or bleed flow undergoes meandering instability when pitch separation is equivalent to the hole size (at

$\beta =25\,\%$

). The low-

$Re$

turbulent flow for a non-perforated plate is altered to a transitional state by the presence of perforation. The streamwise vortex pairs (secondary instabilities) become fairly organized as

$\beta$

is increased from 0 % to 16 %. The secondary instability at

$\beta =16\,\%$

appears similar to mode-B with wavelength

${\approx }1d$

. On the contrary, the secondary instability at

$\beta =25\,\%$

appears similar to mode-A with a wavelength of

${\approx }2d$

.
Picture perfect peaks: comprehension of inferential techniques in visual narratives
Authors: Klomberg Bien , Cohn Neil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ability to reconstruct a missing event to create a coherent interpretation – bridging inference – is central to understanding both real-world events and visual narratives like comics. Most previous work on visual narrative inferencing has focused on fully omitted events, yet few have compared inference generation when climactic events become replaced with a panel employing numerous inferential techniques (e.g., action stars or onomatopoeia). These techniques implicitly express the unseen event while balancing several underlying features that describe their informativeness. Here, we examine whether processing and inference resolution differ across inferential techniques in two self-paced reading experiments. Experiment 1 directly compared five distinct types, and Experiment 2 explored the effect of combining techniques. In both experiments, differences in processing arise both between inferential techniques themselves, and at subsequent panels allowing the bridging inference to be resolved. Analysis of inferential features suggested that the explicitness of the inferential technique led to greater demand in processing, which later facilitated inference generation and comprehensibility. The findings reinforce the necessity of discussing the diversity of narrative patterns motivating bridging inferences within visual narratives.
Joint inversion of tectonic stress and magma pressures using dyke trajectories
Authors: Maerten F. , Maerten L. , Plateaux R. , Cornard P. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn volcano-tectonic regions, dyke propagation from shallow magmatic chambers is often controlled by the interaction of the local and regional stress fields. The variations of the stress fields result from a combination of factors including the regional tectonic stress, the geometry of pressurized magma chambers, the layering and the pre-existing discontinuities (e.g. fractures). In this contribution, we describe and apply a new multiparametric inversion technique based on geomechanics that can invert for both the far field stress attributes and the internal pressure of magma chambers or stocks, constrained by observed dyke or eruptive fissure orientations. This technique is based on the superposition principle and uses linear elastic models that can be solved using many types of numerical methods. For practical reasons, we chose a 3D boundary element method (BEM) for a heterogeneous elastic half-space, where magma chambers are modelled as pressurized cavities. To verify this approach, the BEM solution has been validated against the known 3D analytical solution of a pressurized cylindrical cavity. Then the effectiveness of this technique and its practical use is demonstrated through application to natural examples of dyke network development around two different volcanic systems, the Spanish Peaks (USA) and the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Results demonstrate that regional stress characteristics as well as the internal pressure of magma chambers can be estimated from observed radial and circumferential dyke patterns and some knowledge of magma chamber geometry.
Past Paul’s Jewishness: The Benjaminite Paul in Epiphanius of Cyprus
Authors: Chalmers Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPaul’s Jewishness has often acted as a pivot in scholarship about the relationship between Christianity and Judaism, especially in recent conversation about the date and duration of the so-called “Parting of the Ways.” Too little attention has been paid, however, to who represented Paul as Jewish (or not) and why. I examine the late antique reception of Paul’s ethnic identity in Epiphanius of Cyprus, heresiologist, bishop, and someone for whom representation of Jewishness often served as a foil for the manufacture of orthodoxy. I argue that for Epiphanius, when Paul’s ethnic identity is relevant at all, the focus falls on an Israelite, Benjaminite Paul. Paul’s Jewishness becomes peripheral. Building on this observation, I suggest that we must understand even the reification of Jewishness familiar to current scholarship as only one of the late antique Christian behaviors that governed identification as Israelite.
Five Hundred Bones from Constantinople: Monks, Manuscripts, and Memory at the Eastern Borders of Byzantium
Authors: Durmaz Reyhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article traces the diachronic uses of the literary motif of “relics coming from Constantinople to monasteries in the East” in Syriac hagiography. Although this motif was seen in Syriac literature as early as the sixth century, there seems to be an increase in the employment of these stories around the twelfth century in saints’ lives local to northern Mesopotamia. In light of two texts—the Life of Abḥay and the Life of Aḥā—the article argues that stories about Constantinopolitan relics (martyrs’ bones or pieces of the True Cross) were oriented toward different modes of remembering Byzantium in the Syriac Church in the Middle Ages. The article further argues that these stories also created space to reflect on the Syriac Church’s relations with the Armenian Church in the medieval Near East. The article thus shows the power of narrative in creating cultural memory, building communal identity, and catalyzing religious rivalry.
A PUZZLE ABOUT VAGUENESS, REASONS, AND JUDICIAL DISCRETION
Authors: Asgeirsson Hrafn 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe following two theses seem both plausible and consistent: in cases where it is indeterminate whether the relevant legal language applies to the relevant set of facts, officials are not bound to decide the case one way rather than the other, but may reason either way; all reasons for action are—in some relevant sense—knowable. In this paper, I point out what I take to be a robust but unacknowledged tension between these two claims. The tension requires some careful teasing out, but the basic idea is that given certain further plausible assumptions concerning law, language, and normativity, the two claims turn out to be inconsistent. In addition to examining the sources of the tension in some detail, I also address several possible objections to my argument and discuss which of the many theses should be rejected.
The Devil Is in the Tail Dependence: An Assessment of Multivariate Copula‐Based Frameworks and Dependence Concepts for Coastal Compound Flood Dynamics
Authors: Phillips R. C. , Samadi S. , Hitchcock D. B. , Meadows M. E. , Wilson C. A. M. E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA hurricane event can often produce both intense rainfall and a storm tide that can cause a major compound flooding threat to coastlines. This paper examined applications of multivariate copula‐based time series models using data observed during Hurricane Irma (2017) along the coastlines of Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, United States. Multivariate time series models were developed using bivariate copulas wherein storm tide and rainfall data were modeled using LOWESS‐based autoregressive moving average (ARMA). n samples of observed data were then synthesized using a Monte Carlo approach in which the empirical copula and the parametric estimate of the copula were obtained to approximate two‐sided p‐values using the Rosenblatt probability integral transform method. Analysis suggested that proper selection of the underlying LOWESS‐based ARMA model was the crucial aspect for modeling compound flooding wherein Archimedean, Elliptical, and Extreme Value copulas all offered consistent flexibility in terms of dependence modeling. As a backdrop to compound flood probabilities, this research also outlined both theoretical and applied frameworks for the calculation of non‐exceedance probabilities in a multidimensional environment using classical isofrequency probability assumptions for the “AND” (a bivariate joint probability) and Survival Kendall definitions. Random realizations from storm copulas combined with multivariate non‐exceedance probability definitions ultimately showed there were periods of temporal yet cyclical high intensities that lasted 1–2 hr. Lastly, a discussion is presented on the broader application of the proposed methodology within the field of engineering design and risk management which may serve as a catalyst for the continued research in compound flooding.
How Much Food Can We Grow in Urban Areas? Food Production and Crop Yields of Urban Agriculture: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Payen Florian Thomas , Evans Daniel L. , Falagán Natalia , Hardman Charlotte A. , Kourmpetli Sofia , Liu Lingxuan , Marshall Rachel , Mead Bethan R. , Davies Jessica A. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUrban agriculture can contribute to food security, food system resilience and sustainability at the city level. While studies have examined urban agricultural productivity, we lack systemic knowledge of how agricultural productivity of urban systems compares to conventional agriculture and how productivity varies for different urban spaces (e.g., allotments vs. rooftops vs. indoor farming) and growing systems (e.g., hydroponics vs. soil‐based agriculture). Here, we present a global meta‐analysis that seeks to quantify crop yields of urban agriculture for a broad range of crops and explore differences in yields for distinct urban spaces and growing systems. We found 200 studies reporting urban crop yields, from which 2,062 observations were extracted. Lettuces and chicories were the most studied urban grown crops. We observed high agronomic suitability of urban areas, with urban agricultural yields on par with or greater than global average conventional agricultural yields. “Cucumbers and gherkins” was the category of crops for which differences in yields between urban and conventional agriculture were the greatest (17 kg m−2 cycle−1 vs. 3.8 kg m−2 cycle−1). Some urban spaces and growing systems also had a significant effect on specific crop yields (e.g., tomato yields in hydroponic systems were significantly greater than tomato yields in soil‐based systems). This analysis provides a more robust, globally relevant evidence base on the productivity of urban agriculture that can be used in future research and practice relating to urban agriculture, especially in scaling‐up studies aiming to estimate the self‐sufficiency of cities and towns and their potential to meet local food demand.
Constraining Europa's Subsolar Atmosphere With a Joint Analysis of HST Spectral Images and Galileo Magnetic Field Data
Authors: Cervantes S. , Saur J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe constrain Europa's tenuous atmosphere on the subsolar hemisphere by combining two sets of observations: oxygen emissions at 1,304 and 1,356 Å from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectral images and Galileo magnetic field measurements from its closest encounter, the E12 flyby. We describe Europa's atmosphere with three neutral gas species: global molecular (O2) and atomic oxygen (O), and localized water (H2O) present as a near‐equatorial plume and as a stable distribution concentrated around the subsolar point on the moon's trailing hemisphere. Our combined modeling based on the ratio of OI 1,356 to OI 1,304 Å emissions from Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289) and on magnetic field data allows us to derive constraints on the density and location of O2 and H2O in Europa's atmosphere. We demonstrate that 50% of the O2 and between 50% and 75% of the H2O abundances from Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289) are required to jointly explain the HST and Galileo measurements. These values are conditioned on a column density of O close to the upper limit of 6 × 1016 m−2 derived by Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289), and on a strongly confined stable H2O atmosphere around the subsolar point. Our analysis yields column densities of 1.2 × 1018 m−2 for O2, and 1.5 × 1019 to 2.2 × 1019 m−2 at the subsolar point for H2O. Both column densities, however, still lie within the uncertainties of Roth (2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl094289). Our results provide additional evidence for the existence of a stable H2O atmosphere at Europa.
Phosphodiesterase 4D contributes to angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through smooth muscle cell apoptosis
Authors: Gao Ran , Guo Wenjun , Fan Tianfei , Pang Junling , Hou Yangfeng , Feng Xiaohang , Li Bolun , Ge Weipeng , Fan Tianhui , Zhang Tiantian , Lu Jiakai , Jing He , Jin Mu , Yan Chen , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent expansion of the abdominal aorta that has a high mortality but limited treatment options. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 family members are cAMP-specific hydrolyzing enzymes and have four isoforms (PDE4A-PDE4D). Several pan-PDE4 inhibitors are used clinically. However, the regulation and function of PDE4 in AAA remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that PDE4D expression is upregulated in human and angiotensin II-induced mouse AAA tissues using RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific Pde4d knockout mice showed significantly reduced vascular destabilization and AAA development in an experimental AAA model. The PDE4 inhibitor rolipram also suppressed vascular pathogenesis and AAA formation in mice. In addition, PDE4D deficiency inhibited caspase 3 cleavage and SMC apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, as shown by bulk RNA-seq, western blotting, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Mechanistic studies revealed that PDE4D promotes apoptosis by suppressing the activation of cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) instead of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). Additionally, the phosphorylation of BCL2-antagonist of cell death (Bad) was reversed by PDE4D siRNA in vitro, which indicates that PDE4D regulates SMC apoptosis via the cAMP-PKA-pBad axis. Overall, these findings indicate that PDE4D upregulation in SMCs plays a causative role in AAA development and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.