bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacial sediments on the outer Chukchi Shelf and Chukchi Borderland in seismic reflection data
Authors: Lehmann Carsten , Jokat Wilfried , Coakley Bernard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe up to 900 km broad shelves off East Siberia and northwest off Alaska, including the Chukchi Shelf and Borderland, are characterized by shallow water in the periphery of the Arctic Ocean, north of the Bering Strait. Seafloor investigations revealed the widespread presence of glacial bedforms, implying the former existence of grounded ice in this region. We discuss the erosion and deposition around and beneath ice sheets/shelves using a regional grid of 2D seismic reflection data, acquired in 2011 from R/V Marcus G. Langseth across the outer ~ 75 km of the Chukchi Shelf and the adjacent Chukchi Borderland. A high amplitude glacial base (GB) reflection extends over large parts of the shelf, separating glacial from preglacial strata. We define eleven seismic reflection characters, that we use to infer distinct depositional environments of glacial sediments. Thick well stratified sediments overlying the GB reflection in the south may have been impacted by fewer advance-retreat cycles than those near the northeastern and western shelf breaks. Here, the GB reflection pinches out at the seafloor next to reworked and eroded areas. Numerous meltwater channels, some up to several kilometers wide, together with grounding zone wedges and recessional moraines are hints for ice sheets in the Chukchi Region. These ice sheets built up a huge grounding zone wedge of 48 km × 75 km on the Chukchi Rise. More grounding zone wedges on the western sides of bathymetric highs of the Chukchi Borderland along with mega scale glacial lineations indicate later ice shelf advances from east during the late Quaternary. However, in the absence of deep sediment cores, the timing or origin of the ice grounding events cannot be fully reconstructed.
The US Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2022 vs. The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: what can they learn from each other?
Authors: Mökander Jakob , Juneja Prathm , Watson David S. , Floridi Luciano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOn the whole, the US Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2022 (US AAA) is a pragmatic approach to balancing the benefits and risks of automated decision systems. Yet there is still room for improvement. This commentary highlights how the US AAA can both inform and learn from the European Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AIA).
Generalized Sidon sets of perfect powers
Authors: Kiss Sándor Z. , Sándor Csaba 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor$$h \ge 2$$h≥2and an infinite set of positive integersA, let$$R_{A,h}(n)$$RA,h(n)denote the number of representations of the positive integernas the sum ofhdistinct terms fromA. A set of positive integersAis called a$$B_h[g]$$Bh[g]set if every positive integer can be written as the sum ofhnot necessarily distinct terms fromAat mostgdifferent ways. We say a setAis a basis of orderhif every positive integer can be represented as the sum ofhterms fromA. Recently, Vu [17] proved the existence of a thin basis of orderhformed by perfect powers. In this paper, we study weak$$B_{h}[g]$$Bh[g]sets formed by perfect powers. In particular, we prove the existence of a setAformed by perfect powers with almost possible maximal density such that$$R_{A,h}(n)$$RA,h(n)is bounded by using probabilistic methods.
Study of base-catalyzed isomerization of d-glucose with a focus on reaction kinetics
Authors: Fischer Matthias , Drabo Peter , Delidovich Irina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe explored the isomerization of d-glucose into d-fructose using the simplest possible base catalyst, aqueous NaOH, to maintain a constant pH value during the reaction. Under the applied mild conditions (T 50–90 °C, pH 9.5–11.5), yields of d-fructose of up to 31% were observed. Selectivity-conversion plots were not significantly influenced by variation of the temperature, pH value or substrate concentration. A reaction network for kinetic modelling includes d-glucose-d-fructose interconversion, co-production of d-mannose and d-allulose (also known as d-psicose) as well as decomposition paths after deprotonation of the hexoses. All four hexoses were employed as substrates in the isomerization. Thermodynamic ionization constants of the saccharides were measured by means of potentiometric titration. In the kinetic studies, pH-independent rate constants as well as activation energies were determined. The obtained kinetic and thermodynamic results as well as selectivity-conversion correlations present a useful benchmark for soluble and solid base catalysts.
Thermal and light induced infrared blackening of ZnO revisited: rediscovery of fundamental scientific knowledge
Authors: Naliwajko Pawel , Peppel Tim , Strunk Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA comprehensive and reliable view on the influence of UV light and heat on optical properties of ZnO shall be outlined mainly based on research conducted by scientists from Warsaw Pact countries throughout the twentieth century. The problems of language barrier and loss of knowledge are being addressed. An insight into processes of photodesorption and photoadsorption of oxygen and other gas phase molecules leading to changes in charge carrier states is outlined. While desorption of surface adsorbates leads to increased number of conduction electrons and thus increased absorbance of infrared light, adsorption of electronegative gas phase molecules leads to quenching in fluorescence.
Algorithmic identification of Ph.D. thesis-related publications: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Donner Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study we propose and evaluate a method to automatically identify the journal publications that are related to a Ph.D. thesis using bibliographical data of both items. We build a manually curated ground truth dataset from German cumulative doctoral theses that explicitly list the included publications, which we match with records in the Scopus database. We then test supervised classification methods on the task of identifying the correct associated publications among high numbers of potential candidates using features of the thesis and publication records. The results indicate that this approach results in good match quality in general and with the best results attained by the “random forest” classification algorithm.
Class-Difficulty Based Methods for Long-Tailed Visual Recognition
Authors: Sinha Saptarshi , Ohashi Hiroki , Nakamura Katsuyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLong-tailed datasets are very frequently encountered in real-world use cases where few classes or categories (known as majority or head classes) have higher number of data samples compared to the other classes (known as minority or tail classes). Training deep neural networks on such datasets gives results biased towards the head classes. So far, researchers have come up with multiple weighted loss and data re-sampling techniques in efforts to reduce the bias. However, most of such techniques assume that the tail classes are always the most difficult classes to learn and therefore need more weightage or attention. Here, we argue that the assumption might not always hold true. Therefore, we propose a novel approach to dynamically measure the instantaneous difficulty of each class during the training phase of the model. Further, we use the difficulty measures of each class to design a novel weighted loss technique called ‘class-wise difficulty based weighted (CDB-W) loss’ and a novel data sampling technique called ‘class-wise difficulty based sampling (CDB-S)’. To verify the wide-scale usability of our CDB methods, we conducted extensive experiments on multiple tasks such as image classification, object detection, instance segmentation and video-action classification. Results verified that CDB-W loss and CDB-S could achieve state-of-the-art results on many class-imbalanced datasets such as ImageNet-LT, LVIS and EGTEA, that resemble real-world use cases.
A wide axial-ratio beamwidth circularly-polarized oval patch antenna with sunlight-shaped slots for gnss and wimax applications
Authors: Abdalrazik Ahmad , Gomaa Ahmed , Kishk Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a quadruple band stacked oval patch antenna with sunlight-shaped slots supporting L1/L2/L5 GNSS bands and the 2.3 Ghz WiMAX band. The antenna produces right-hand circular polarization waves with wide axial-ratio beamwidth of 223/216$$^{\circ }$$

∘

and 231/203$$^{\circ }$$

∘

at two orthogonal cutplanes at L5 and L2 GNSS bands, respectively. Firstly, the resonant modes $$TM_{110}$$

T

M
110

and $$TM_{210}$$

T

M
210

are excited inside a single layer oval patch antenna, where resonance frequencies are calculated using Mathieu functions. Meanwhile, it is shown that another version of the mode $$TM_{110}$$

T

M
110

with similar distribution but orthogonal direction is excitable inside the same oval patch. Then, a second stacked oval patch layer is added, which splits the resonance frequency of each of the modes $$TM_{110}$$

T

M
110

and $$TM_{210}$$

T

M
210

into two different values. Depending on the probe feed position and the separation between the two layers, the phase shifts between modes versions in the upper and the lower layers change. Thus, by fine-tuning the probe feed position and the separation between layers, spatially-orthogonal with quadrature-phase-shift versions of the mode $$TM_{110}$$

T

M
110

are obtained, producing a circularly polarized waves at L2 and L5 bands. Furthermore, sunlight shaped slots are etched into the upper and lower layer patches to fine tune the phase shifts between different modes versions, which enhances the overall axial-ratio beamwidth. Despite the simplicity of the overall structure and the feeding mechanism utilized in the proposed design, wide axial-ratio beamwidths are obtained, as compared to previous works. The proposed antenna shows low reflection coefficient values at 1.14–1.29 GHz (L2/L5), 1.45–1.6 GHz (L1), and 2.26–2.4 GHz (WiMAX). The antenna gains are 5.9, 5.6, 6, and 6.5 dBi/dBic at L5, L2, L1, and WiMAX bands, respectively. The half-power beamwidths are 99/96$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, 102/96$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, 112/85$$^{\circ }$$

∘

, and 65/48$$^{\circ }$$

∘

at two orthogonal cutplanes at L5, L2, L1, and WiMAX bands, respectively.
Block preconditioners for linear systems in interior point methods for convex constrained optimization
Authors: Zilli Giovanni , Bergamaschi Luca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we address the preconditioned iterative solution of the saddle-point linear systems arising from the (regularized) Interior Point method applied to linear and quadratic convex programming problems, typically of large scale. Starting from the well-studied Constraint Preconditioner, we review a number of inexact variants with the aim to reduce the computational cost of the preconditioner application within the Krylov subspace solver of choice. In all cases we illustrate a spectral analysis showing the conditions under which a good clustering of the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix can be obtained, which foreshadows (at least in case PCG/MINRES Krylov solvers are used), a fast convergence of the iterative method. Results on a set of large size optimization problems confirm that the Inexact variants of the Constraint Preconditioner can yield efficient solution methods.
Fundamental functions for local interpolation of quadrilateral meshes with extraordinary vertices
Authors: Beccari Carolina V. , Casciola Giulio , Romani Lucia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this work is to present a general and simple strategy for the construction of compactly supported fundamental spline (piecewise-polynomial) functions for local interpolation, that are defined over quadrangulations of the real plane with extraordinary vertices. The proposed strategy — which extends the univariate framework introduced in Antonelli et al. (Adv Comput Math 40:945–976, 2014) and Beccari et al. (J Comput Appl Math 240:5–19, 2013)—consists in considering a suitable combination of bivariate polynomial interpolants with blending functions that are the natural generalization of odd-degree tensor-product B-splines. These blending functions are constructed as basic limit functions of the bivariate, primal subdivision schemes developed simultaneously in Stam (Comput Aided Geom Des 18:397–427, 2001) and Zorin et al. (Comput Aided Geom Des 18:483–502, 2001). As an application example of our constructive strategy we present the compactly supported $$C^2$$

C
2

fundamental functions for local interpolation that arise by considering as blending functions the basic limit functions of the celebrated Catmull–Clark subdivision scheme proposed in Catmull and Clark (Comput Aided Des 46:103–124, 2016).
Regulatory Mechanisms, Protein Expression and Biological Activity of Photolyase Gene from Spodoptera littoralis Granulovirus Genome
Authors: Elmenofy Wael , El-Gaied Lamiaa , Salem Reda , Gomaa Lamis , Mahmoud Alshimaa , Magdy Aml , Mohamed Ismail 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the most important factor that affects the efficient using of baculoviruses as a biopesticide is their sensitivity to UV irradiation. In this study, a photolyase gene (phr) of 1.4 kbp DNA fragment was cloned and characterized from Spodoptera littoralis granulovirus, an Egyptian isolate (SpliGV-EG1). A sequence of 466 amino acid were deduced when the gene was completely sequenced with a predicted molecular mass of ~ 55 kDa. Transcriptional regulation analyses revealed that phr transcripts were detected early at 6-h post-infection (hpi) and remained detectable until 72 hpi, suggesting their transcriptional regulation from a putative early promoter motif. An approximately ~ 55 kDa protein fragment was expressed from phr-induced bacterial culture and detected by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. In addition, direct exposure to UV irradiation resulted in a twofold decrease in SpliGV-EG1 occlusion bodies activation compared with Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) occlusion bodies which decreased with about 129-fold after exposure to UV irradiation based on median lethal concentration value (LC50). The obtained results suggested that the presence of photolyase gene possibly alters the inactivation of SpliGV-EG1-occluded bodies by UV irradiation. These results support the role and application of the photolyase protein to improve the damaged DNA repair mechanism as well as resistance of SpliGV to UV light inactivation.
Politeness in Human–Robot Interaction: A Multi-Experiment Study with Non-Humanoid Robots
Authors: Kumar Shikhar , Itzhak Eliran , Edan Yael , Nimrod Galit , Sarne-Fleischmann Vardit , Tractinsky Noam 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe studied politeness in human–robot interaction based on Lakoff’s politeness theory. In a series of eight studies, we manipulated three different levels of politeness of non-humanoid robots and evaluated their effects. A table-setting task was developed for two different types of robots (a robotic manipulator and a mobile robot). The studies included two different populations (old and young adults) and were conducted in two conditions (video and live). Results revealed that polite robot behavior positively affected users' perceptions of the interaction with the robots and that participants were able to differentiate between the designed politeness levels. Participants reported higher levels of enjoyment, satisfaction, and trust when they interacted with the politest behavior of the robot. A smaller number of young adults trusted the politest behavior of the robot compared to old adults. Enjoyment and trust of the interaction with the robot were higher when study participants were subjected to the live condition compared to video and participants were more satisfied when they interacted with a mobile robot compared to a manipulator.
Cardiovascular biomarkers in body fluids: progress and prospects in optical sensors
Authors: John Reena V. , Devasiya Tom , V.R. Nidheesh , Adigal Sphurti , Lukose Jijo , Kartha V. B. , Chidangil Santhosh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major causative factors for high mortality and morbidity in developing and developed nations. The biomarker detection plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of several non-infectious and life-threatening diseases like CVD and many cancers, which in turn will help in more successful therapy, reducing the mortality rate. Biomarkers have diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significances. The search for novel biomarkers using proteomics, bio-sensing, micro-fluidics, and spectroscopic techniques with good sensitivity and specificity for CVD is progressing rapidly at present, in addition to the use of gold standard biomarkers like troponin. This review is dealing with the current progress and prospects in biomarker research for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.Expert opinion.Fast diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can help to provide rapid medical intervention, which can affect the patient’s short and long-term health. Identification and detection of proper biomarkers for early diagnosis are crucial for successful therapy and prognosis of CVDs. The present review discusses the analysis of clinical samples such as whole blood, blood serum, and other body fluids using techniques like high-performance liquid chromatography-LASER/LED-induced fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, mainly, optical methods, combined with nanotechnology and micro-fluidic technologies, to probe patterns of multiple markers (marker signatures) as compared to conventional techniques.
Honey bee colonies maintain CO2 and temperature regimes in spite of change in hive ventilation characteristics
Authors: Meikle William G. , Barg Aidan , Weiss Milagra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCO2, a byproduct of respiration, is toxic at high concentrations so regulation of CO2 within the honey bee hive is an important colony function. In this study, we measured hive CO2 concentrations at 1-s intervals while ventilation characteristics of the hive were changed every few days, and we analyzed the data for effects of increased ventilation on colony behavior and thermoregulation. Average CO2 concentrations were significantly higher, by > 200 ppm, when hives had screened bottom boards (higher ventilation) compared to hives with solid bottom boards (lower ventilation) at the same time. Daily CO2 concentration amplitudes, hourly temperature, daily temperature amplitudes, nor hourly hive weight changes were not significantly affected by the changes in hive ventilation. In a second experiment, we found average CO2 concentrations at the top center of the upper hive box, on top of the frames, were significantly lower than concentrations at the center of a solid bottom board underneath frames, which was expected due to the higher density of CO2 relative to air. Bee colonies have been reported to cycle air, with shorter periods of 20 to 150 s and longer periods of 42–80 min, but a periodogram analysis of the CO2 concentration data found no evidence of important CO2 cycle periods other than a strong 24-h period. Bee colonies maintained strong daily cycles of CO2 concentration, with average maximum concentrations > 11,000 ppm, even in conditions of increased ventilation, indicating that managing CO2 concentration is a complex colony behavior.
A novel dual-modal emotion recognition algorithm with fusing hybrid features of audio signal and speech context
Authors: Xu Yurui , Su Hang , Ma Guijin , Liu Xiaorui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith regard to human–machine interaction, accurate emotion recognition is a challenging problem. In this paper, efforts were taken to explore the possibility to complete the feature abstraction and fusion by the homogeneous network component, and propose a dual-modal emotion recognition framework that is composed of a parallel convolution (Pconv) module and attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) module. The Pconv module employs parallel methods to extract multidimensional social features and provides more effective representation capacity. Attention-based BLSTM module is utilized to strengthen key information extraction and maintain the relevance between information. Experiments conducted on the CH-SIMS dataset indicate that the recognition accuracy reaches 74.70% on audio data and 77.13% on text, while the accuracy of the dual-modal fusion model reaches 90.02%. Through experiments it proves the feasibility to process heterogeneous information within homogeneous network component, and demonstrates that attention-based BLSTM module would achieve best coordination with the feature fusion realized by Pconv module. This can give great flexibility for the modality expansion and architecture design.
Processing emotional prosody in a foreign language: the case of German and Hebrew
Authors: Shakuf Vered , Ben-David Boaz , Wegner Thomas G. G. , Wesseling Patricia B. C. , Mentzel Maya , Defren Sabrina , Allen Shanley E. M. , Lachmann Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the universality of emotional prosody in perception of discrete emotions when semantics is not available. In two experiments the perception of emotional prosody in Hebrew and German by listeners who speak one of the languages but not the other was investigated. Having a parallel tool in both languages allowed to conduct controlled comparisons. In Experiment 1, 39 native German speakers with no knowledge of Hebrew and 80 native Israeli speakers rated Hebrew sentences spoken with four different emotional prosodies (anger, fear, happiness, sadness) or neutral. The Hebrew version of the Test for Rating of Emotions in Speech (T-RES) was used for this purpose. Ratings indicated participants’ agreement on how much the sentence conveyed each of four discrete emotions (anger, fear, happiness and sadness). In Experient 2, 30 native speakers of German, and 24 Israeli native speakers of Hebrew who had no knowledge of German rated sentences of the German version of the T-RES. Based only on the prosody, German-speaking participants were able to accurately identify the emotions in the Hebrew sentences and Hebrew-speaking participants were able to identify the emotions in the German sentences. In both experiments ratings between the groups were similar. These findings show that individuals are able to identify emotions in a foreign language even if they do not have access to semantics. This ability goes beyond identification of target emotion; similarities between languages exist even for “wrong” perception. This adds to accumulating evidence in the literature on the universality of emotional prosody.