bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniaxial tensile tests and refined finite element analyses of the grouted welded rib sleeve connections
Authors: Zhao Weijian , Bao Jiawen , Gao Qiang , Yang Yuanzhang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs the major connection of precast concrete structure, a novel Grouted Welded Rib Sleeve (GWRS) was proposed in this research. Six splice specimens were designed and tested under uniaxial tensile load to investigate the influence of anchorage length and inner cavity structures on their connection performance. To further investigate the failure mechanism of the specimens, a refined finite element (FE) modeling method was proposed, and the corresponding refined models were established, validated, and analyzed. This research shows that the rebar anchorage length is the key factor that controls the failure modes of the specimens. The failure loads of the specimens are mainly influenced by the failure modes. Distributing sleeve ribs close to the sleeve end with lower 25 mm spacing could enhance the confining effect of the sleeve and improve the interlocking effect between the bar and grout. The conical cracks in the grout are distributed at an angle between 35° and 45°, which is also the distributed angle of the compressive struts of the grout. The bond deterioration observed in the tests is caused by the cracking of the grout and the shearing‐off of the grout keys, resulting in the transfer of sleeve effective confining zone.
Insights into the roles of long noncoding RNAs in the communication between plants and the environment
Authors: Yuan Chao , He Rui‐rui , Zhao Wen‐long , Chen Yue‐qin , Zhang Yu‐chan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn addition to coding proteins, RNA molecules, especially long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have well‐established functions in regulating gene expression. The number of studies focused on the roles played by different types of lncRNAs in a variety of plant biological processes has markedly increased. These lncRNA roles involve plant vegetative and reproductive growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we examine the classification, mechanisms, and functions of lncRNAs and then emphasize the roles played by these lncRNAs in the communication between plants and the environment mainly with respect to the following environmental factors: temperature, light, water, salt stress, and nutrient deficiencies. We also discuss the consensus among researchers and the remaining challenges and underscore the exciting ways lncRNAs may affect the biology of plants.
Regulatory Constraints and Differences of Genome-Edited Crops Around the Globe
Authors: Hundleby Penny , Harwood Wendy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPlant breeding for centuries has relied on the availability of genetic variation to introduce new desirable traits into crops. Biotechnology has already accelerated the ability to induce and utilize new genetic variation, through approaches such as mutation breeding and using technologies such as marker assisted breeding to rapidly identify the required variation. These technologies fall within the definition of “conventional and traditional” breeding and are lightly regulated. However, plant breeders are facing an urgent need for access to wider genetic variation to meet the needs of today’s farmers and consumers worldwide. New breeding technologies (NBTs), such as genome editing, are speeding up the breeding process and providing plant breeders with access to a far greater range of genetic variation. Coupled with a rapidly accelerating genomics era, genome editing is moving plant breeding into an exciting era of intelligent and precision-based plant breeding. The speed at which these new technologies are emerging has challenged the regulatory climate. Some countries consider genome edited crops to require the same regulatory oversight as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), while others have chosen to regulate with the same safety evaluations currently associated with bringing conventionally bred crops to market. Harmonization of the regulatory climate is urgently needed if there is to be equal access to this technology and to support international trade of these crops. The current chapter provides a global overview of the current regulatory status of genome-edited crops.
NLO results with operator mixing for fully heavy tetraquarks in QCD sum rules
Authors: Wu Ren-Hua , Zuo Yu-Sheng , Wang Chen-Yu , Meng Ce , Ma Yan-Qing , Chao Kuang-Ta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the mass spectra of $$ \overline{Q}Q\overline{Q}Q $$

Q
¯

Q

Q
¯

Q
(Q = c, b) systems in QCD sum rules with the complete next-to-leading order (NLO) contribution to the perturbative QCD part of the correlation functions. Instead of meson-meson or diquark-antidiquark currents, we use diagonalized currents under operator renormalization. We find that differing from conventional mesons $$ \overline{q}q $$

q
¯

q
and baryons qqq, a unique feature of the multiquark systems like $$ \overline{Q}Q\overline{Q}Q $$

Q
¯

Q

Q
¯

Q
is the operator mixing or color configuration mixing induced by NLO corrections, which is crucial to understand the color structure of the states. Our numerical results show that the NLO corrections are very important for the $$ \overline{Q}Q\overline{Q}Q $$

Q
¯

Q

Q
¯

Q
system, because they not only give significant contributions but also reduce the scheme and scale dependence and make Borel platform more distinct, especially for the $$ \overline{b}b\overline{b}b $$

b
¯

b

b
¯

b
in the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme. We use currents that have good perturbation convergence in our phenomenological analysis. With the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme, we get three JPC = 0++ states, with masses $$ {6.35}_{-0.17}^{+0.20} $$

6.35

−
0.17

+
0.20

GeV, $$ {6.56}_{-0.20}^{+0.18} $$

6.56

−
0.20

+
0.18

GeV and $$ {6.95}_{-0.35}^{+0.21} $$

6.95

−
0.35

+
0.21

GeV, respectively. The first two seem to agree with the broad structure around 6.2 ~ 6.8 GeV measured by the LHCb collaboration in the J/ψJ/ψ spectrum, and the third seems to agree with the narrow resonance X(6900). For the 2++ states we find one with mass $$ {7.03}_{-0.26}^{+0.22} $$

7.03

−
0.26

+
0.22

GeV, which is also close to that of X(6900), and another one around $$ {7.25}_{-0.35}^{+0.21} $$

7.25

−
0.35

+
0.21

GeV, which has good scale dependence but slightly large scheme dependence.
Newton–Krylov-BDDC deluxe solvers for non-symmetric fully implicit time discretizations of the bidomain model
Authors: Huynh Ngoc Mai Monica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA novel theoretical convergence rate estimate for a Balancing Domain Decomposition by Constraints algorithm is proven for the solution of the cardiac bidomain model, describing the propagation of the electric impulse in the cardiac tissue. The non-linear system arises from a fully implicit time discretization and a monolithic solution approach. The preconditioned non-symmetric operator is constructed from the linearized system arising within the Newton–Krylov approach for the solution of the non-linear problem; we theoretically analyze and prove a convergence rate bound for the Generalised Minimal Residual iterations’ residual. The theory is confirmed by extensive parallel numerical tests, widening the class of robust and efficient solvers for implicit time discretizations of the bidomain model.
Influence of data acquisition modes and data analysis approaches on non-targeted analysis of phthalate metabolites in human urine
Authors: Feng Yong-Lai , Baesu Anca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHumans are often exposed to phthalates and their alternatives, on account of their widespread use in PVC as plasticizers, which are associated with harmful human effects. While targeted biomonitoring provides quantitative information for exposure assessment, only a small portion of phthalate metabolites has been targeted. This results in a knowledge gap in human exposure to other unknown phthalate compounds and their metabolites. Although the non-targeted analysis (NTA) approach is capable of screening a broad spectrum of chemicals, there is a lack of harmonized workflow in NTA to generate reproducible data within and between different laboratories. The objective of this study was to compare two different NTA data acquisition modes, the data-dependent (DDA) and independent (DIA) acquisition (DDA), as well as two data analysis approaches, based on diagnostic ions and Compound Discoverer software for the prioritization of candidate precursors and identification of unknown compounds in human urine. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used for sample analysis. The combination of three-diagnostic-ion extraction and DDA data acquisition was able to improve data filtering and data analysis for prioritizing phthalate metabolites. With DIA, 25 molecular features were identified in human urine, while 32 molecular features were identified in the same urine samples using DDA data. The number of molecular features identified with level 1 confidence was 11 and 9 using DIA and DDA data, respectively. The study demonstrated that besides sample preparation, the impact of data acquisition must be taken into account when developing a NTA method and a consistent protocol for evaluating such an impact is necessary.
Graphical Abstract
Years After a Fire, Biocrust Microbial Communities are Similar to Unburned Communities in a Coastal Grassland
Authors: Palmer Brianne , Lawson Dawn , Lipson David A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Microbial communities are integral for ecosystem processes and their taxonomic composition and function may be altered by a disturbance such as fire. Biocrusts are composed of macroscopic and microscopic organisms and are important for a variety of ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and erosion control. We sought to understand if biocrust community composition and function were altered 1 year after a prescribed fire and 6 years after a wildfire in a coastal California grassland on San Clemente Island. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and measurements of chlorophyll content, exopolysaccharide production related to soil stability, and nitrogen fixation. There were no differences in the community composition between unburned samples and the samples burned in the prescribed fire and wildfire. Chlorophyll content differed between the prescribed fire and the controls; however, there were no measured differences in exopolysaccharide production, and nitrogen fixation. However, the wildfire and their respective unburned samples had different functions based on the gene annotations. We compiled one Actinobacteria metagenome-assembled genome from the shotgun sequences which had genes for oxidative and heat stress tolerance. These results suggest that the biocrust community can reach a community composition and function similar to the unburned biocrusts within a year after a prescribed burn and 6 years after a wildfire. However, legacy effects of the wildfire may present themselves in the differences between functional gene sequences. Due to their ability to match the undisturbed community composition and function within years and without intervention, future restoration work should consider the biocrusts in their restoration plans as they may provide valuable ecosystem functions after a disturbance.
The internal structure of the infraspinatus muscle: a magnetic resonance study
Authors: Jernheden Isabelle , Szaro Pawel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to describe the internal structure of the infraspinatus muscle. A secondary aim was to explore differences in internal structure between genders, sides, and correlations to demographic data.

Methods
In total, 106 shoulder MRI examinations of patients between 18 and 30 years of age seeking care in 2012–2020 at The Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden were re-reviewed.

Results
The number of intramuscular tendons centrally in the infraspinatus muscle varied between 3 and 8 (median = 5). Laterally, the number of intramuscular tendons varied between 1 and 5 (median = 2). There was no difference in the median between the genders or sides. No correlations between the number of intramuscular tendons and demographic data were found. The muscle volume varied between 63 and 249 ml with a median of 188 ml for males and 122 ml for females. There was no significant difference in volume between the sides. The muscle volume correlated with body weight (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and height (r = 0.61, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The anatomical variations of the infraspinatus muscle are widespread. In the medial part of the muscle belly, the number of intramuscular tendons varied between 3 and 8, while the number of intramuscular tendons laterally varied between 1 and 5. Results of our study may help to understand the internal structure of the infraspinatus muscle and its function in shoulder stabilization.
Koopman-Based Spectral Clustering of Directed and Time-Evolving Graphs
Authors: Klus Stefan , Djurdjevac Conrad Nataša 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
While spectral clustering algorithms for undirected graphs are well established and have been successfully applied to unsupervised machine learning problems ranging from image segmentation and genome sequencing to signal processing and social network analysis, clustering directed graphs remains notoriously difficult. Two of the main challenges are that the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of graph Laplacians associated with directed graphs are in general complex-valued and that there is no universally accepted definition of clusters in directed graphs. We first exploit relationships between the graph Laplacian and transfer operators and in particular between clusters in undirected graphs and metastable sets in stochastic dynamical systems and then use a generalization of the notion of metastability to derive clustering algorithms for directed and time-evolving graphs. The resulting clusters can be interpreted as coherent sets, which play an important role in the analysis of transport and mixing processes in fluid flows.

Graphic Abstract
An auto-tuned hybrid deep learning approach for predicting fracture evolution
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Cheng Zifeng , Yang Lei , Shen Luming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel auto-tuned hybrid deep learning approach composed of three base deep learning models, namely, long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit, and support vector regression, is developed to predict the fracture evolution process. The novelty of this framework lies in the auto-determined hyperparameter configurations for each base model based on the Bayesian optimization technique, which guarantees the fast and easy implementation in various practical applications. Moreover, the ensemble modeling technique auto consolidates the predictive capability of each base model to generate the final optimized hybrid model, which offers a better prediction of the overall fracture pattern evolution, as demonstrated by a case study. The comparison of the different prediction strategies exhibits that the direct prediction is a better option than the recursive prediction, in particular for a longer prediction distance. The proposed approach may be applied in various sequential data predictions by adopting the adaptive prediction scheme.
Spin-up time and internal variability analysis for overlapping time slices in a regional climate model
Authors: Lavin-Gullon A. , Milovac J. , García-Díez M. , Fernández J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong-term regional climate simulations are computationally very costly. One way to improve their computational efficiency is to split them into overlapping time slices, which can then be run in parallel. Although this procedure reduces the cost, sufficient spin-up must be left at the start of each slice. In any case, discontinuities will occur due to internal variability where two different slices join. In this study, we explore the relative role of spin-up time and internal variability in the discontinuities of overlapping time slice simulations and their effect on the simulated climate. This analysis has implications also for non-overlapping time slices, commonly used in very high resolution climate modelling, where long transient simulations cannot be afforded. We show that discontinuities are negligible for surface and upper-air variables, but they are noticeable in variables with long response times, such as soil moisture or snow depth. For these variables, differences between the slices are mainly attributed to internal variability, but also to insufficient spin-up time, depending on the region. In general, the results show that the overlapping time slice approach is valid to accomplish long term regional climate simulations.
Quality of life of pediatric patients operated for pilonidal sinus disease
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Lepore Benedetta , Cerulo Mariapina , Borgogni Rachele , Del Conte Fulvia , Coppola Vincenzo , Di Mento Claudia , Carulli Roberto , Cardone Roberto , Cortese Giuseppe , Esposito Giorgia , Escolino Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuality of life (QOL) outcome is an ideal method for determining the efficacy of a surgical treatment. In children operated for pilonidal sinus disease (PSD), open procedures imply prolonged wound care, significant morbidity, and high recurrence rates. Endoscopic treatment (PEPSIT) overcomes these limitations. We report our experience in the management of PSD to evaluate the QOL of patients undergoing open and endoscopic treatment. The records of 177 patients undergoing surgery for PSD from 2008 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty patients were operated with open surgery (G1) and 157 with PEPSIT (G2). We analyzed QOL through the following criteria: hospital stay (HS), healing time (HT), return to sport (RTSp), return to school (RTSc), resumption of social life (RSL), and recurrence rate and reoperation (RRR). Moreover, we used Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q) for a more subjective evaluation of life satisfaction. We found significant differences in all the analyzed criteria: HS varied from 3 to 7 days in G1 and from 1 to 2 days in G2; HT from 40 to 75 days in G1 while from 20 to 41 days in G2; RTSp from 50 to 80 days in G1 while from 7 to 21 days in G2; RTSc from 9 to 15 days in G1 while from 2 to 4 days in G2; RSL from 13 to 20 days in G1 while from 2 to 5 days in G2; RRR was 25% in G1 and 4.4% in G2.Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment (PEPSIT) significantly improves the quality of life of patients operated for PSD. Compared to open surgery, PEPSIT presents shorter hospital stay, faster healing time, return to sport activities, return to school and resumption of a normal social life, and lower rates of recurrence and reoperation. In addition, PQ-LES-Q demonstrated a good overall quality of life and life satisfaction. Further prospective studies should be obtained to consider PEPSIT as the gold standard for the treatment of PSD in pediatric patients.

What is Known:

• Many techniques have been proposed in the last 20 years for the surgical treatment of PSD.

• PEPSIT is showing promising results in terms of safety and long-term efficacy.

What is New:

• The main impact in QOL of patients operated with PEPSIT is on their daily activity, including a shorter hospital stay, faster healing time, return to sport activities, return to school and resumption of a normal social life, lower rates of recurrence and reoperation.

• After PEPSIT, children maintain a satisfactory quality of life according to the analysis of PQ-LES-Q
Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) engage in non-random post-conflict affiliation with third parties: cognitive and functional implications
Authors: Cordoni Giada , Comin Marta , Collarini Edoardo , Robino Carlo , Chierto Elena , Norscia Ivan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn social mammals, conflict resolution involves the reunion of former opponents (aggressor and victim) after an aggressive event (reconciliation) or post-conflict triadic contacts with a third party, started by either opponent (solicited-TSC) or spontaneously offered by the third party (unsolicited-TUC). These post-conflict strategies can serve different functions, including consolation (specifically when TUCs reduce the victim’s anxiety). We investigated the possible presence and modulating factors of such strategies on semi-free ranging pigs (Sus scrofa; N = 104), housed at the ethical farm Parva Domus (Cavagnolo, Italy). Kinship was known. Reconciliation was present and mainly occurred between weakly related pigs to possibly improve tolerant cohabitation. Triadic contacts (all present except aggressor TSCs) mostly occurred between close kin. TSCs enacted by victims reduced neither their post-conflict anxiety behaviors nor further attacks by the previous aggressor, possibly because TSCs remained largely unreciprocated. TUCs towards aggressors did not reduce aggressor post-conflict anxiety but limited aggression redirection towards third parties. TUCs towards the victim reduced the victim but not the third-party’s anxiety. However, TUCs may also provide inclusive fitness benefits to third parties by benefiting close kin. In sum, pigs engaged in non-random solicited/unsolicited triadic contacts, which suggests that pigs might possess socio-emotional regulation abilities to change their own or others’ experience and elements of social appraisal, necessary to detect the emotional arousal of relevant others and (in case of TUCs) take the agency to restore homeostasis.
On nth roots of bounded and unbounded quasinormal operators
Authors: Pietrzycki Paweł , Stochel Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn a recent paper (JFA 278:108342, 2020), R. E. Curto, S. H. Lee and J. Yoon asked the following question: LetTbe a subnormal operator, and assume that$$T^2$$

T
2

is quasinormal. Does it follow thatTis quasinormal? In (JFA 280:109001, 2021) we answered this question in the affirmative. In the present paper, we will extend this result in two directions. Namely, we prove that hyponormal (or even much beyond this class) nth roots of bounded quasinormal operators are quasinormal. On the other hand, we show that subnormal nth roots of unbounded quasinormal operators are quasinormal. We also prove that a non-normal quasinormal operator having a quasinormal nth root has a non-quasinormal nth root.
Integrative Multi-omics Analysis of Childhood Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Hagenbeek Fiona A. , van Dongen Jenny , Pool René , Roetman Peter J. , Harms Amy C. , Hottenga Jouke Jan , Kluft Cornelis , Colins Olivier F. , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Fanos Vassilios , Ehli Erik A. , Hankemeier Thomas , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M. , Bartels Meike , Déjean Sébastien , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study introduces and illustrates the potential of an integrated multi-omics approach in investigating the underlying biology of complex traits such as childhood aggressive behavior. In 645 twins (cases = 42%), we trained single- and integrative multi-omics models to identify biomarkers for subclinical aggression and investigated the connections among these biomarkers. Our data comprised transmitted and two non-transmitted polygenic scores (PGSs) for 15 traits, 78,772 CpGs, and 90 metabolites. The single-omics models selected 31 PGSs, 1614 CpGs, and 90 metabolites, and the multi-omics model comprised 44 PGSs, 746 CpGs, and 90 metabolites. The predictive accuracy for these models in the test (N = 277, cases = 42%) and independent clinical data (N = 142, cases = 45%) ranged from 43 to 57%. We observed strong connections between DNA methylation, amino acids, and parental non-transmitted PGSs for ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, intelligence, smoking initiation, and self-reported health. Aggression-related omics traits link to known and novel risk factors, including inflammation, carcinogens, and smoking.