bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHORT- AND LONG-RUN EFFECTS OF DEVALUATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM ARGENTINA
Authors: Campos Luciano 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTDevaluations were traditionally considered to be expansionary in the short run and have no real long-run effects. Alternatively, some observers in developing countries found that devaluations were contractionary on impact, and that they might foster long-term growth. Using Argentina as a case study, which is convenient due to its long series availability and its subsequent switches in exchange rate regimes, four structural shocks are identified in line with the traditional and alternative views. It is found that devaluations were mostly contractionary, and that real long-run effects were only possible when inflation was either low or moderate. In light of the estimates, a historical revision of Argentinean devaluation episodes from 1854 to 2018 has been carried out.
Virtual water and the inequality in water content of consumption
Authors: Afkhami Mohamad , Bassetti Thomas , Ghoddusi Hamed , Pavesi Filippo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present evidence that international trade may exacerbate the initial unequal distribution of hydric resources. This result is driven by the fact that countries exporting agricultural goods are relatively abundant (with respect to capital) in the combined availability of water and arable land but, in absolute terms, scarce in capital and not richer in water in comparison to more developed ones. Due to both the scarcity of capital and the lower relative price of natural resources with respect to capital, the total value of production in these developing countries is modest, implying that international trade can lead to a less even distribution of the water content of consumption. Policies sustaining water prices and, more generally, those of natural resources (or lower capital costs) may contribute to offsetting this effect and allow for trade to play a positive role in reducing the uneven distribution of water endowments.
Degree of adherence to plant-based diet and total and cause-specific mortality: prospective cohort study in the Million Veteran Program
Authors: Wang Dong D , Li Yanping , Nguyen Xuan-Mai T , Song Rebecca J , Ho Yuk-Lam , Hu Frank B , Willett Walter C , Wilson Peter , Cho Kelly , Gaziano J Michael , Djoussé Luc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between adherence to plant-based diets and mortality.Design:Prospective study. We calculated a plant-based diet index (PDI) by assigning positive scores to plant foods and reverse scores to animal foods. We also created a healthful PDI (hPDI) and an unhealthful PDI (uPDI) by further separating the healthy plant foods from less-healthy plant foods.Setting:The VA Million Veteran Program.Participants:315 919 men and women aged 19–104 years who completed a FFQ at the baseline.Results:We documented 31 136 deaths during the follow-up. A higher PDI was significantly associated with lower total mortality (hazard ratio (HR) comparing extreme deciles = 0·75, 95 % CI: 0·71, 0·79, Ptrend < 0·001]. We observed an inverse association between hPDI and total mortality (HR comparing extreme deciles = 0·64, 95 % CI: 0·61, 0·68, Ptrend < 0·001), whereas uPDI was positively associated with total mortality (HR comparing extreme deciles = 1·41, 95 % CI: 1·33, 1·49, Ptrend < 0·001). Similar significant associations of PDI, hPDI and uPDI were also observed for CVD and cancer mortality. The associations between the PDI and total mortality were consistent among African and European American participants, and participants free from CVD and cancer and those who were diagnosed with major chronic disease at baseline.Conclusions:A greater adherence to a plant-based diet was associated with substantially lower total mortality in this large population of veterans. These findings support recommending plant-rich dietary patterns for the prevention of major chronic diseases.
Conflicts of interest for members of the US 2020 dietary guidelines advisory committee
Authors: Mialon Mélissa , Serodio Paulo Matos , Crosbie Eric , Teicholz Nina , Naik Ashka , Carriedo Angela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To measure incidence of conflicts of interest (COI) with food and pharmaceutical industry actors on the advisory committee for the 2020–2025 US Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and assess the adequacy of current mechanisms to disclose and manage COI among the committee’s members.

Design:
We compiled longitudinal data from archival sources on connections between members of the DGA’s advisory committee and actors. We hypothesised that these committee members, who oversee the science for the most influential dietary policy in the USA, might have significant COI that would be relevant to their decision making. Disclosure of COI on this committee was recommended in 2017 by the National Academies of Sciences in order to increase transparency and manage bias, but public disclosure of the committee’s COI does not appear to have taken place.

Setting:
The committee was composed of twenty experts.

Participants:
None.

Results:
Our analysis found that 95 % of the committee members had COI with the food and/or pharmaceutical industries and that particular actors, including Kellogg, Abbott, Kraft, Mead Johnson, General Mills, Dannon and the International Life Sciences, had connections with multiple members. Research funding and membership of an advisory/executive board jointly accounted for more than 60 % of the total number of COI documented.

Conclusions:
Trustworthy dietary guidelines result from a transparent, objective and science-based, process. Our analysis has shown that the significant and widespread COI on the committee prevent the DGA from achieving the recommended standard for transparency without mechanisms in place to make this information publicly available.
Aboriginal children and family connections to primary health care whilst homeless and in high housing mobility: observations from a Nurse Practitioner-led service
Authors: Sivertsen Nina , Parry Yvonne , Willis Eileen , Kendall Sally , Marriott Rhonda , Bell Alicia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim:
This article documents the impact of a Nurse Practitioner-led primary health service for disadvantaged children living in housing instability or homelessness. It identifies that First Nations children miss out on essential primary care, particularly immunisation, but have less severe health conditions than non-First Nations children living in housing insecurity.

Background:
Health services for homeless populations focus on the 11% of rough sleepers, little is done for the 22% of children in Australia living in housing instability; many of whom are from First Nations families. Little is known of the health status of these children or their connections to appropriate primary health care.

Methods:
This research implemented an innovative model of extended health care delivery, embedding a Nurse Practitioner in a homeless service to work with families providing health assessments and referrals, using clinically validated assessment tools. This article reports on proof of concept findings on the service that measured immunisation rates, developmental, medical, dental and mental health needs of children, particularly First Nations children, using a three-point severity level scale with Level 3 being the most severe and in need of immediate referral to a specialist medical service.

Findings:
Forty-three children were referred by the service to the Nurse Practitioner over a 6-month period, with nine identifying as First Nations children. Differences in severity levels between First Nations/non-First Nations children were Level 1, First Nations/non-First Nations 0/15%; Level 2, 10/17%; and Level 3, 45/29%. Forty-five percent of First Nations children had no health problems, as compared to 29% on non-First Nations children. Immunisation rates were low for both cohorts. No First Nations child was immunised and only 9% of the non-First Nations children. While numbers for both cohorts are too low for valid statistical analysis, the lower levels of severity for First Nations children suggest stronger extended family support and the positive impact of cultural norms of reciprocity.
SPECTRAL INEQUALITIES FOR COMBINATIONS OF HERMITE FUNCTIONS AND NULL-CONTROLLABILITY FOR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS ENJOYING GELFAND–SHILOV SMOOTHING EFFECTS
Authors: Martin Jérémy , Pravda-Starov Karel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work is devoted to the study of uncertainty principles for finite combinations of Hermite functions. We establish some spectral inequalities for control subsets that are thick with respect to some unbounded densities growing almost linearly at infinity, and provide quantitative estimates, with respect to the energy level of the Hermite functions seen as eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator, for the constants appearing in these spectral estimates. These spectral inequalities allow us to derive the null-controllability in any positive time for evolution equations enjoying specific regularizing effects. More precisely, for a given index$\frac {1}{2} \leq \mu <1$, we deduce sufficient geometric conditions on control subsets to ensure the null-controllability of evolution equations enjoying regularizing effects in the symmetric Gelfand–Shilov space$S^{\mu }_{\mu }(\mathbb {R}^{n})$. These results apply in particular to derive the null-controllability in any positive time for evolution equations associated to certain classes of hypoelliptic non-self-adjoint quadratic operators, or to fractional harmonic oscillators.
The Challenge of Gafcon to the Unity of the Anglican Communion
Authors: Joseph Keith 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince 2008 the Global Anglican Futures Conference (Gafcon) has emerged as a powerful force within the Anglican Communion. It had the potential to reform some of the issues facing the Anglican Communion. However, its Jerusalem Declaration has become a standard of Anglican orthodoxy to the exclusion of many orthodox Anglicans who cannot assent to its extra-doctrinal material. This lends Gafcon to schismatic ends.
Sensitivity to sublethal rates of dicamba for selected mid-Atlantic vegetable crops
Authors: Wasacz Maggie H. , Ward Daniel L. , VanGessel Mark J. , Besançon Thierry E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDicamba is a synthetic auxin herbicide that may be applied over the top of transgenic dicamba-tolerant crops. The increasing prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in increased reliance on dicamba-based herbicides in soybean production systems. Because of the high volatility of dicamba it is prone to off-target movement, and therefore concern exists regarding its drift onto nearby specialty crops. The present study evaluates 12 mid-Atlantic vegetable crops species for sensitivity to sublethal rates of dicamba. Soybean, snap bean, lima bean, tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, cucumber, summer squash, watermelon, pumpkin, sweet basil, lettuce, and kale were grown in a greenhouse and exposed to dicamba at 0, 0.056, 0.11, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24 g ae ha−1, which is, respectively, 0, 1/10,000, 1/5,000, 1/2,000, 1/1,000, 1/500, and 1/250 of the maximum recommended label rate for soybean application (560 g ae ha−1). Vegetable crop injury was evaluated 4 wk after treatment using visual rating methods and leaf deformation index measurements. Overall, snap bean was the most sensitive crop, with dicamba rates as low as 0.11 g ae ha−1 resulting in significantly higher leaf deformation levels compared with the nontreated control. Other Fabaceae and Solanaceae species also demonstrated high sensitivity to sublethal rates of dicamba with rates ranging 0.28 to 0.56 g ae ha−1 causing higher leaf deformation compared with the nontreated control. While cucumber, pumpkin, and summer squash were no or moderately sensitive to dicamba, watermelon showed greater sensitivity with unique symptoms at rates as low as 0.056 g ae ha−1 based on visual evaluation. Within the range of tested dicamba rates, sweet basil, lettuce, and kale demonstrated tolerance to dicamba with no injury observed at the maximum rate of 2.24 g ae ha−1.
Representing Socio‐Economic Uncertainty in Human System Models
Authors: Morris Jennifer , Reilly John , Paltsev Sergey , Sokolov Andrei , Cox Kenneth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSocio‐economic development pathways and their implications for the environment are highly uncertain, and energy transitions will involve complex interactions among sectors. Here, traditional Monte Carlo analysis is paired with scenario discovery techniques to provide a richer portrait of these complexities. Modeled uncertain input variables include costs of advanced energy technologies, energy efficiency trends, fossil fuel resource availability, elasticities of substitution for labor, capital, and energy across economic sectors, population growth, and labor and capital productivity. The sampled values are simulated through a multi‐sector, multi‐region, recursively dynamic model of the world economy to explore a range of possible future outcomes. We find that many patterns of energy and technology development are possible for various long‐term environmental pathways and that sectoral output for most sectors is little affected through 2050 by the long‐term temperature target, but with tight constraints on emissions, emission intensities must fall much more rapidly. Scenario discovery techniques are applied to the large uncertainty ensembles to explore if there are prevailing storylines behind outcomes of interest. An illustrative investigation focused on different levels of economic growth shows many combinations of pathways and no single storyline emerging for a given economic outcome. This method can be extended to other outcomes of interest, exploring the nature of scenarios with both tail and median outcomes. Sampling from a Monte Carlo generated ensemble provides a rich set of scenarios to investigate, and potentially aids in avoiding heuristic biases in less structured scenario approaches.
Equatorward Medium to Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances of High Latitude Origin During Quiet Conditions
Authors: Thaganyana Golekamang P. , Habarulema John Bosco , Ngwira Chigomezyo , Azeem Irfan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents observations of medium to large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) originating from high latitudes, and propagating across the equator into the opposite hemisphere in the African‐European sector during geomagnetically quiet conditions between 2010 and 2018. During the study period, four geomagnetically quiet days were selected each month. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) total electron content (TEC) data were used to obtain the two dimensional (2‐D) TEC residuals. We have identified seven transhemispheric TIDs from the days that were analyzed with five originating in the southern and the rest in northern wintertime hemisphere. The TIDs meridional propagation velocities, periods and wavelengths are in the range of 270–322 m/s, 48–80 min and 802–1,296 km, respectively. The horizontal propagation velocities and horizontal wavelengths ranges are cH = 120–274 m/s and λH = 379–1,104 km, respectively. Analysis of the conditions of the space weather environment rules out space weather as a source of the TIDs. While observations of the 4.3 μm brightness temperature (BT) from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on board the NASA Aqua satellite show the existence of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) in the troposphere‐stratosphere region, it is suggested that the tertiary GWs from orographic forcing may be the likely source of the TIDs observed in this study.
A Global Centroid Single Force Catalog of P‐Wave Microseisms
Authors: Nishida Kiwamu , Takagi Ryota 
Published: March 2022

AbstractP‐wave microseisms are excited by ocean swell activities. The recent development of an ocean wave model allows us to compare them quantitatively. For the comparison, a single force at a centroid location can characterize the seismic excitation. A beamforming method is feasible for locating the centroids efficiently. However, the required plane wave assumption reduces the accuracy for a large aperture array. The lack of information on the wavefront curvature also makes P and PP phases indistinguishable. To utilize information on the curvature, we developed the auto‐focusing method as a natural extension of beamforming: (a) We estimated the slowness vector and the wavefront curvature by a grid‐search method, which maximizes the beam power. (b) We iteratively update the values based on the perturbation theory. (c) Based on the classified phase according to the wavefront curvature and the slowness, we locate the centroid from the slowness vector with corrections for a global 3‐D P‐wave velocity structure. We also infer the centroid‐single‐force (CSF) from the beam power. We applied this method to the vertical components of seismic records at approximately 780 Hi‐net stations in Japan from 2004 to 2020. We also compare the CSF catalog with a synthetic CSF catalog based on a numerical ocean wave model: WAVEWATCH III. Both catalogs generally show similar temporal‐spatial patterns of centroids. The amplitudes of CSF are consistent with each other, although the seismic signal‐to‐noise ratio limits the detected events. The ocean wave model cannot explain significant activities in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Electron‐Only Magnetic Reconnection: Lessons Learned From Magnetic Island Coalescence
Authors: Yi Yongyuan , Zhou Meng , Song Liangjin , Pang Ye , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectron‐only magnetic reconnection, in which ions do not couple, has recently been observed in turbulent magnetosheath and magnetotail, and in association with magnetic flux rope coalescence. This study reproduces the electron‐only reconnection during magnetic island coalescence via 2.5‐D particle‐in‐cell simulations. We find that the degree of ion coupling is not sensitive to the spatial scale of the merging current sheet but is determined by the persistent time of the coalescence, which suggests that the electron‐only reconnection is the early stage of the coalescence. During the electron‐only reconnection, ions are affected by the reconnection electric field though the ion bulk outflow is absent. It is revealed that the pre‐existing inflows and Hall electric field Ez from the adjacent main reconnection impede the formation of ion outflow during coalescence. This study provides in‐depth knowledge of electron‐only reconnection through the perspective of ion kinetics.
Perceptions of pharmacists on the quality of automated blood pressure devices: a national survey
Authors: Picone Dean S. , Peterson Gregory M. , Jackson Shane L. , Campbell Norm R. C. , Delles Christian , Olsen Michael Hecht , Padwal Raj , Schutte Aletta E. , Sharman James E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA recent study found that only 23.8% of blood pressure (BP) devices available for purchase from Australian pharmacies were validated for accuracy. The extent to which pharmacists are aware of this, and other issues related to the accuracy of BP devices, is not known and gathering this information was the aim of this study. An online survey of Australian pharmacists was distributed via the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia between 1 October and 25 November 2020. Questions were focused on the views of pharmacists related to the accuracy of BP devices. Two hundred and ten pharmacists completed the survey. The accuracy of BP devices sold by pharmacists was considered ‘quite’ or ‘extremely important’ to most respondents (94%). However, most respondents (90%) were unaware that less than one-quarter of BP devices sold by Australian pharmacies were validated, and this was ‘quite’ or ‘extremely surprising’ to many (69%). Many respondents (64%) associated a particular brand of BP device with greater accuracy. There was low awareness on proper ways to identify accurate BP devices, such as checking reputable online databases (43%). BP devices were stocked in respondents’ pharmacies based on perceived quality (50%), accuracy (40%), or as determined by the pharmacy chain (36%). In conclusion, providing accurate BP devices to consumers is important to pharmacists, but they were generally unaware that most devices available from pharmacies were not validated for accuracy. Pharmacist education, alongside advocacy for policies including regulations and strategic action, is required to ensure only validated BP devices are sold in Australia.
The proteomic characterization of the peritumor microenvironment in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gu Yuhan , Guo Yuanyuan , Gao Na , Fang Yan , Xu Chen , Hu Guiming , Guo Mengxue , Ma Yaxing , Zhang Yunfei , Zhou Jun , Luo Yanlin , Zhang Haifeng , Wen Qiang , Qiao Hailing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) was usually studied in tumor tissue and in relation to only tumor progression, with little involved in occurrence, recurrence and metastasis of tumor. Thus, a new concept “peritumor microenvironment (PME)” was proposed in the proteomic characterization of peritumor liver tissues in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The PME for occurrence (PME-O) and progression (PME-P) were almost totally different at proteome composition and function. Proteins for occurrence and progression rarely overlapped and crossed. Immunity played a central role in PME-O, whereas inflammation, angiogenesis and metabolism were critical in PME-P. Proteome profiling identified three PME subtypes with different features of HCC. Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) was validated as an antiangiogenic target in an orthotopic HCC mouse model. Overall, the proteomic characterization of the PME revealed that the entire processes of HCC occurrence and progression differ substantially. These findings could enable advances in cancer biology, diagnostics and therapeutics.
CXCL9 inhibits tumour growth and drives anti-PD-L1 therapy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Seitz Stefanie , Dreyer Tobias F. , Stange Christoph , Steiger Katja , Bräuer Rosalinde , Scheutz Leandra , Multhoff Gabriele , Weichert Wilko , Kiechle Marion , Magdolen Viktor , Bronger Holger 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in ovarian cancer remains disappointing. Several studies have identified the chemokine CXCL9 as a robust prognosticator of improved survival in ovarian cancer and a characteristic of the immunoreactive subtype, which predicts ICB response. However, the function of CXCL9 in ovarian cancer has been poorly studied.

Methods
Impact of Cxcl9 overexpression in the murine ID8-Trp53−/− and ID8-Trp53−/–Brca2−/− ovarian cancer models on survival, cellular immune composition, PD-L1 expression and anti-PD-L1 therapy. CXCL9 expression analysis in ovarian cancer subtypes and correlation to reported ICB response.

Results
CXCL9 overexpression resulted in T-cell accumulation, delayed ascites formation and improved survival, which was dependent on adaptive immune function. In the ICB-resistant mouse model, the chemokine was sufficient to enable a successful anti-PD-L1 therapy. In contrast, these effects were abrogated in Brca2-deficient tumours, most likely due to an already high intrinsic chemokine expression. Finally, in ovarian cancer patients, the clear-cell subtype, known to respond best to ICB, displayed a significantly higher proportion of CXCL9high tumours than the other subtypes.

Conclusions
CXCL9 is a driver of successful ICB in preclinical ovarian cancer. Besides being a feasible predictive biomarker, CXCL9-inducing agents thus represent attractive combination partners to improve ICB in this cancer entity.