bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐resolved counting of circulating tumor cells on pinched flow‐based microfluidic cytometry
Authors: Xia Ling , Zhou Wanjun , Huang Jianying , Dong Jianwei , Xiao Xiaohua , Li Gongke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrecise cell detecting and counting is meaningful in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) analysis. In this work, a simple cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microflow cytometer device was developed for size‐resolved CTCs counting. The proposed device is constructed by a counting channel and a pinched injection unit having three channels. Through injection flow rate control, microspheres/cells can be focused into the centerline of the counting channel. Polystyrene microspheres of 3, 9, 15, and 20 µm were used for the microspheres focusing characterization. After coupling to laser‐induced fluorescence detection technique, the proposed device was used for polystyrene microspheres counting and sizing. A count accuracy up to 97.6% was obtained for microspheres. Moreover, the proposed microflow cytometer was applied to CTCs detecting and counting. To mimic blood sample containing CTCs and CTCs mixture with different subtypes, an MDA‐MB‐231 (human breast cell line) spiked red blood cells sample and a mixture of MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 (human breast cell line) sample were prepared, respectively, and then analyzed by the developed pinched flow‐based microfluidic cytometry. The simple fabricated and easy operating COC microflow cytometer exhibits the potential in the point‐of‐care clinical application.
Fragility and vulnerability analysis of deteriorating ordinary bridges using simulated ground‐motion sequences
Authors: Otárola Kenneth , Fayaz Jawad , Galasso Carmine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHighway bridges are critical components of the lifeline transport infrastructure in urban areas. They are designed with the expectation of not sustaining significant structural/non‐structural damage after major earthquake‐induced ground shaking. However, in the current structural performance‐based assessment practice, the effects of a pre‐damaged state during ground‐motion sequences are often neglected. Additionally, environmentally induced deterioration mechanisms (e.g., steel rebar corrosion) may exacerbate the consequences of such ground‐motion sequences on the seismic structural performance during the bridge design lifetime; yet such effects are commonly overlooked. This study proposes a computational methodology to derive state‐dependent fragility and vulnerability relationships (i.e., explicitly depending on the damage state achieved by the bridge structure during a first shock) for bridge structures subjected to chloride‐induced corrosion deterioration and ground‐motion sequences. The methodology is demonstrated for a case‐study ordinary bridge structure (representing a typical bridge vulnerability class in southern California) under seismic sequences assembled from the CyberShake 15.12 (hybrid) simulated ground‐motion database. In the proposed approach, parameterised (i.e., dependent on the corrosion deterioration level) vector‐valued probabilistic seismic demand models are developed for the bridge components (i.e., columns and shear keys). These models, calibrated through sequential cloud‐based nonlinear time‐history analyses, relate the dissipated hysteretic energy in the ground‐motion sequence to a deformation‐based engineering demand parameter induced by the first shock and a ground‐motion intensity measure of the second shock for a given corrosion deterioration level. Fragility relationships are first derived for a single ground motion at the component‐level; state‐dependent fragility relationships are then derived by considering the additional damage induced by a second ground motion within the simulated sequence (structure‐specific damage states are considered). Furthermore, a component‐based simulation approach accounting for the correlations across the components’ response is utilised to derive fragility relationships at the system level (i.e., for the bridge structure). Finally, appropriate damage‐to‐loss models for ordinary bridges are used to derive state‐dependent vulnerability relationships. The results demonstrate the significant impact of earthquake‐induced ground‐motion sequences and environmentally‐induced corrosion deterioration, emphasising the necessity of accounting for this multi‐hazard threat in the structural performance‐based assessment of bridges. Relative variations up to 120% can be found in the system‐level state‐dependent fragility median values comparing the results for the bridge in pristine and deteriorated conditions.
Global burden of HPV‐attributable squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in 2020, according to sex and HIV status: A worldwide analysis
Authors: Deshmukh Ashish A. , Damgacioglu Haluk , Georges Damien , Sonawane Kalyani , Ferlay Jacques , Bray Freddie , Clifford Gary M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is caused by HPV, and is elevated in persons living with HIV (PLWHIV). We aimed to estimate sex‐ and HIV‐stratified SCCA burden at a country, regional and global level. Using anal cancer incidence estimates from 185 countries available through GLOBOCAN 2020, and region/country‐specific proportions of SCCA vs non‐SCCA from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) Volume XI database, we estimated country‐ and sex‐specific SCCA incidence. Proportions of SCCA diagnosed in PLWHIV, and attributable to HIV, were calculated using estimates of HIV prevalence (UNAIDS 2019) and relative risk applied to SCCA incidence. Of 30 416 SCCA estimated globally in 2020, two‐thirds occurred in women (19 792) and one‐third among men (10 624). Fifty‐three percent of male SCCA and 65% of female SCCA occurred in countries with a very high Human Development Index (HDI). Twenty‐one percent of the global male SCCA burden occurred in PLWHIV (n = 2203), largely concentrated in North America, Europe and Africa. While, only 3% of global female SCCA burden (n = 561) occurred in PLWHIV, mainly in Africa. The global age‐standardized incidence rate of HIV‐negative SCCA was higher in women (0.55 cases per 100 000) than men (0.28), whereas HIV‐positive SCCA was higher in men (0.07) than women (0.02). HIV prevalence reached >40% in 22 countries for male SCCA and in 10 countries for female SCCA, mostly in Africa. Understanding global SCCA burden by HIV status can inform SCCA prevention programs (through HPV vaccination, screening and HIV control) and help raise awareness to combat the disease.
Definition of Normal Vertebral Morphometry Using NHANES‐II Radiographs
Authors: Hipp John A. , Grieco Trevor F. , Newman Patrick , Reitman Charles A. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTA robust definition of normal vertebral morphometry is required to confidently identify abnormalities such as fractures. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES‐II) collected a nationwide probability sample to document the health status of the United States. Over 10,000 lateral cervical spine and 7,000 lateral lumbar spine X‐rays were collected. Demographic, anthropometric, health, and medical history data were also collected. The coordinates of the vertebral body corners were obtained for each lumbar and cervical vertebra using previously validated, automated technology consisting of a pipeline of neural networks and coded logic. These landmarks were used to calculate six vertebral body morphometry metrics. Descriptive statistics were generated and used to identify and trim outliers from the data. Descriptive statistics were tabulated using the trimmed data for use in quantifying deviation from average for each metric. The dependency of these metrics on sex, age, race, nation of origin, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) was also assessed. There was low variation in vertebral morphometry after accounting for vertebrae (eg, L1, L2), and the R2 was high for ANOVAs. Excluding outliers, age, sex, race, nation of origin, height, weight, and BMI were statistically significant for most of the variables, though the F‐statistic was very small compared to that for vertebral level. Excluding all variables except vertebra changed the ANOVA R2 very little. Reference data were generated that could be used to produce standardized metrics in units of SD from mean. This allows for easy identification of abnormalities resulting from vertebral fractures, atypical vertebral body morphometries, and other congenital or degenerative conditions. Standardized metrics also remove the effect of vertebral level, facilitating easy interpretation and enabling data for all vertebrae to be pooled in research studies. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Involvement of microRNAs and their potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic role in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yilong , Liu Fan , Ma Chunyang , Cheng Qiong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85%–90% of primary liver cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting the 3′UTR of mRNA. Abnormal expression and regulation of miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progression of HCC, and miRNAs can also play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.MethodsIn the past decades, a large number of studies have shown that miRNAs play an essential regulatory role in HCC and have potential as biomarkers for HCC. We reviewed the literature to summarize these studies.ResultsBy reviewing the literature, we retrospected the roles of miRNAs in the development, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC, and put forward prospects for the further research on miRNAs in the precision treatment of HCC.ConclusionMicroRNAs are important regulators and biomarkers in the occurrence, progression, outcome, and treatment of HCC, and can provide new targets and strategies for improving the therapeutic effect of HCC.
Hopelessness during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown among Chinese college students: A longitudinal network analysis
Authors: Tao Yanqiang , Niu Haiqun , Hou Wenxin , Zhang Liang , Ying Ronghua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn China, recurrent pandemics require frequent city‐wide lockdowns and quarantine actions to contain the impact of COVID‐19, exposing college students to psychological problems, including hopelessness. Hence, the purpose of helping problematic college students alleviate hopelessness symptoms motivates us to carry out the present study to explore their interrelationship.MethodsHopelessness (i.e., a complex phenomenon with important clinical consequences, such as depression and suicidality) was investigated in a large longitudinal sample of college students (N = 2787; 58.59% female; age mean±SD = 18.34 ± 0.92) who were recruited during and after the COVID‐19 lockdown using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS).ResultsApplying the novel approach (i.e., symptom network analysis), the results indicated that the edge of #BHS1 (i.e., [NOT] hope‐enthusiasm)–#BHS15 (i.e., [NOT] faith‐in‐the‐future) showed the strongest association both in Wave 1 and Wave 2. Similarly, #BHS20 (i.e., not‐trying) had the highest node expectedinfluence (centrality) in the hopelessness symptoms network both among Wave 1 and Wave 2. The Network Comparison Test indicated that the global network strength significantly differed between the two time points. As expected, college students' hopelessness will gradually dissipate with the end of segregation control. The stability and accuracy indicated that the network analysis results were trustworthy.ConclusionsThe study findings provide evidence that central nodes and edges connecting symptoms should be addressed. Further interventions and treatments that may target these symptoms are essential to effectively alleviate the overall hopelessness level among college students. Theoretical and clinical potential consequences were discussed in detail.
Preparation of carbon black‐based porous carbon adsorbents and study of toluene adsorption properties
Authors: Chen Yixian , Fan Chunmei , Li Xiaole , Ren Jianmin , Zhang Guizhi , Xie Hongmei , Liu Biyan , Zhou Guilin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCarbon black, which has a low utilization rate, is a powdered carbon material produced by incomplete combustion or decomposition of hydrocarbons. Carbon black is used in rubber, coating and ink industries, the product quality will be affected due to its powder structure, and serious environmental pollution will be caused in the stacking process. However, carbon black used as the raw material for the preparation of porous carbon materials with high volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption capacity, which can realize the resource utilization of carbon black and environmental protection.ResultsPorous carbon based adsorbents (PCBAs) were prepared by low‐temperature physical pore‐forming and high‐temperature chemical pore‐forming with waste carbon black as raw material and (NH4)2CO3 as pore‐forming agent. The high pore‐forming temperature was beneficial to the pore structure to be formed. The surface morphology of the prepared PCBAs was more wrinkled and loose, and the specific surface area, micropore ratio and graphitization degree showed a volcanic change trend with the increase of pore‐forming temperature. The micropore ratio reached the maximum (81.7%) and the graphitization degree reached the maximum (ID/IG = 1.15) at the pore‐forming temperature of 850 °C. When the pore‐forming temperature was 850 °C, the toluene saturated adsorption capacity of PCBA850 adsorbent was 298.9 mg/g. In addition, the kinetic fitting results show that the adsorption behavior of toluene molecules on the adsorbent is mainly affected by the pore diffusion.ConclusionAlthough increasing pore‐forming temperature did not change the surface chemical properties of PCBAs, high temperature pore‐forming could significantly increase the microporosity and surface area of PCBAs. The high microporous ratio and specific surface area can provide more active sites for toluene adsorption, thus improving the toluene adsorption performance of the porous carbon‐based adsorbent. In addition, the PCBA adsorbent prepared at 850 °C can restore the toluene adsorption performance at 120 °C, which provides a possibility for its practical application. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Factor analysis of risk perceptions of using digital and social media in dental education and profession
Authors: Sharka Rayan , San Diego Jonathan , Nasseripour Melanie , Banerjee Avijit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study explored how dental students and dental professionals perceive risks of using digital and social media (DSM) in a dental professional context and validated a questionnaire to measure DSM perceived risks specifically among dental students and dental professionals.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey study was carried out amongst dental students (undergraduate and postgraduate) and dental professionals at a dental school in the UK. Data were collected using a 38‐item questionnaire developed using interviews, experts’ evaluation, and previous perceived risks studies of internet services and social media. Risk factors were identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The internal consistency of the extracted factors was determined by Cronbach's α‐coefficient reliability test.ResultsA total of 301 dental students and dental professionals completed the questionnaire. EFA identified eight factors perceived by dental students and professionals as critical to their DSM use. Some identified perceived risks were associated with all DSM users in the general context (e.g., personal privacy, and negative impact on self‐image), but others were specific to the dental professional context (e.g., breaches of patients’ confidentiality, public deception, and reputational damage). The identified factors explained 63.55% of the variance with eigenvalues >1. Cronbach's alpha for the total questionnaire was 0.9.ConclusionsThis study data has deepened the understanding of perceived risks that influence dental students and professionals’ DSM use. This will help develop education, training, and guidance to mitigate and manage the risks associated with DSM use in the dental professional context.
Constitution of mucosa‐associated microbiota in the lower digestive tract does not change in early stage of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease with fecal dysbiosis
Authors: Asaji Naoki , Inoue Jun , Hayashi Hiroki , Tokunaga Eri , Shimamoto Yusaku , Kinoshita Masato , Tanaka Takeshi , Sakai Arata , Yano Yoshihiko , Ueda Yoshihide , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimRegarding the gut–liver axis, fecal dysbiosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The significance of mucosa‐associated microbiota (MAM, which is present in the mucin layer covering the intestinal mucosa) has not been well explored. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of MAM in patients with NAFLD.MethodsMAM were obtained from seven patients with early‐stage NAFLD and seven controls by colonoscopy in five locations (terminal ileum, cecum, ascending and sigmoid colon, and rectum) using mucosal brushes. The microbial 16S rDNA profiles of the MAM and fecal microbiota of patients in the NAFLD and control groups were analyzed.Resultsα‐diversities of fecal microbiota were decreased in patients with NAFLD (observed species, Shannon index, and Chao1: 174.57 vs 134.86, 5.51 vs 4.65, and 206.34 vs 167.91; P = 0.048, 0.067, and 0.087, respectively), and microbial composition analyses by principal coordinate analysis differed between the fecal microbiota of patients with NAFLD and those of controls (permutational analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] of weighted and unweighted: Pseud‐F: 1.4179/P‐value: 0.05 and Pseud‐F: 2.1497/P‐value: 0.049, respectively). However, α‐diversities or microbial composition of MAM in most parts of the intestine did not differ significantly between the NAFLD and control groups. Unclassified Rikenellaceae, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, unclassified clostridiales, and Holdemania were decreased in the feces of patients with NAFLD (determined by linear discriminant analysis effect size), but five (except Holdemania) of the six genera were not decreased in the MAM of these patients.ConclusionIn early‐stage NAFLD, MAM was uniform and relatively stable throughout the intestine, even when fecal dysbiosis appeared.
Resident and nurse perspectives on the use of secure text messaging systems
Authors: Aziz Sara , Barber John , Singh Amit , Alayari Amethyst , Rassbach Caroline E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs hospitals shift away from pagers and towards secure text messaging systems (STMS), limited research exists on the drawbacks of such systems. Preliminary data show that introduction of STMS can lead to a dramatic increase in interruptions, which may contribute to medical errors.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate residents' and nurses' experiences with STMS at a quaternary care children's hospital.DesignThis was a qualitative study with focus groups.Setting and ParticipantsParticipants were pediatric residents and nurses at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital.InterventionFocus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by 2 independent coders. Codes were discussed until consensus was reached.Main Outcome and MeasuresData was analyzed through a thematic, descriptive content analysis approach. Themes were developed alongside a framework of teamwork, patient safety, and clinician well‐being.ResultsThree resident focus groups (n = 14) and three nurse focus groups (n = 21) were held. Six themes were identified: (1) STMS can facilitate teamwork through multiple communication modalities and technological features. (2) STMS can negatively impact teamwork by decreasing face‐to‐face communication and frontline decision‐making. (3) STMS can promote patient safety through closed‐loop communication and ready access to team members. (4) STMS can negatively impact patient safety through alarm fatigue, interruptions, and miscommunication. (5) STMS can positively impact clinician well‐being through satisfaction and relationship building. (6) STMS can negatively impact clinician well‐being through increased stress related to communication volume.ConclusionUse of STMS in the hospital setting has many advantages as well as drawbacks. With appropriate guidelines and training designed to mitigate the drawbacks, STMS have the potential to be valuable means of communication for healthcare team members.
Macromolecular‐Suppressed GABA‐Edited MR Spectroscopy in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex of Patients With Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Manzhurtsev Andrei V. , Yakovlev Alexey N. , Bulanov Petr A. , Menshchikov Petr E. , Ublinskiy Maxim V. , Melnikov Ilya A. , Akhadov Tolib A. , Semenova Natalia A. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) causes a number of molecular and cellular alterations. There is evidence of an imbalance between the main excitatory (glutamate, Glu) and the main inhibitory (gamma‐aminobutyric acid [GABA]) neurotransmitters following mTBI. In vivo human GABA–Glu balance studies following mTBI are sparse.PurposeTo investigate the effect of acute mTBI on the GABA concentration measured in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) of pediatric patients by using the macromolecular (MM)‐suppressed GABA J‐editing technique.Study typeProspective patient and phantom.ParticipantsA total of 14 pediatric patients (mean age 16.0 ± 1.7) with acute mTBI (<3 days after trauma; Glasgow Coma Scale 15) and 16 healthy volunteers (mean age 16.9 ± 2.8). Phantom: 524 cm3 sphere containing 10 mM glycine, 10 mM GABA.Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T, MEGA‐PRESS pulse sequence.AssessmentGABA spectra were processed in Gannet software. MM‐suppressed GABA editing efficiency was derived from the phantom study. Absolute GABA and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) concentrations were quantified using different types of correction and compared between groups. N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho) levels relative to tCr were also compared.Statistical testsShapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U test, Student t‐test, Pearson or Spearman correlations. P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe MM‐suppressed GABA editing efficiency was 0.63. GABA signal fit error was <16% for all participants. The GABA concentration in the PCC of the mTBI group was significantly different from that in healthy controls: GABA/tCr was higher by 27%, absolute GABA concentration with different types of correction was higher by ≈17%. No significant differences were observed in Glx concentrations (P ≥ 0.32) or in Glx/tCr (P ≥ 0.1), NAA/tCr (P = 0.55), and Cho/tCr levels (P = 0.85).Data conclusionWe report an increase in the GABA concentration in the PCC region in acute mTBI pediatric patients. This may suggest activation of GABA synthesis and impairment of the GABAergic system after acute mTBI.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 1