bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bruxism in awake dogs as a clinical sign of forebrain disease: 4 cases
Authors: Liatis Theofanis , Madden Megan , Marioni‐Henry Katia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBruxism is a repetitive masticatory muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth, or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible, or both.ObjectivesTo investigate whether bruxism in awake dogs could be associated with brain lesions.AnimalsFour dogs with episodic bruxism in the awake state.MethodsObservational retrospective single‐center case series. Inclusion criteria were dogs examined between 2010 and 2021 with episodic bruxism as a presenting complaint or observed during the examination or hospitalization, complete medical records and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the brain. Bruxism during epileptic seizures as oroalimentary automatism was an exclusion criterion.ResultsFour dogs met the inclusion criteria. Two dogs had bruxism while awake as a presenting complaint, whereas in the remaining 2 it was a clinical finding. All dogs had neuroanatomical localization consistent with a forebrain lesion, with diencephalic involvement in 3/4. The diagnostic evaluation was consistent with neoplasia (n = 2) and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (n = 2), in 1 case accompanied by corpus callosum abnormality affecting the forebrain, in 3 dogs advanced imaging findings were suggestive of increased intracranial pressure. All dogs were euthanized.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur results suggest that the presence of bruxism in the awake state associated with other neurological deficits might indicate a forebrain lesion.
Determination of the umbilicus position in Japanese children
Authors: Saeki Isamu , Kurihara Sho , Kojima Masato , Takahashi Shinya , Hiyama Eiso 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there have been many reports concerning the normal position of the umbilicus, the measurements were performed from the surface of the body in all cases. We examined computed tomography (CT) images to determine the accurate position of the umbilicus in children.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the CT data of 120 Japanese children (60 boys, 60 girls). The angle between both iliac crests to the umbilicus (IU angle), the angle between both anterior superior iliac spines and the umbilicus (AU angle), and the ratio of the length from the xiphoid process to the umbilicus and length from the umbilicus to the pubic symphysis were measured.ResultsThe mean AU angle was 33.7° ± 5.1°, showing the least data variations. A significant difference was noted in the AU angle between boys and girls (32.7° ± 4.6° and 34.6° ± 5.4° respectively; p = 0.04). When we defined the position of the umbilicus as an AU angle of 33° in boys and 35° in girls, 115 children (95.8%) fell within ±10°.ConclusionsThe AU angle is the preferable predictor of the umbilicus position in children.
Impact of psychosocial factors on medication level variability index and outcomes in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Sakhuja Shruti , Himes Ryan , Carreker Colleen , Guffey Danielle , Beer Stacey , Amin Mansi , Hiremath Girish , Mysore Krupa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers play an important role in maintaining a functioning graft after pediatric liver transplantation. Therefore, the psychosocial factors of both patients and caregivers can have a critical impact on transplant outcomes. Appropriate assessment and recognition of these factors pre‐transplantation may allow transplant teams to better define the needs of pediatric organ recipients and develop specific countermeasures, which may then contribute toward improving transplant outcomes.MethodsWe studied 136 pediatric LT recipients followed at Texas Children's Hospital. Licensed social workers conducted comprehensive pre‐transplant assessments on each patient, consisting of 22 psychosocial variables that were thought to impact adherence, which were reviewed during our study period. Non‐adherence was determined using the MLVI for up to 4 years after transplantation. Biopsy‐confirmed rejection episodes were assessed in the first 3 years after liver transplantation.ResultsFactors significantly associated with non‐adherence (defined as MLVI >2) included parental age and parental education level at assessment, type of insurance, and household income. The number of ACR episodes trended higher in patients with non‐adherence, and these patients had a higher number of moderate to severe rejection episodes but this trend was not statistically significant.ConclusionsPsychosocial characteristics such as parental age, education level, insurance, and household income may contribute significantly to suboptimal adherence to medications after transplantation. Identification of these psychosocial factors and early intervention is essential to the success and equitable care of our pediatric LT recipients.
GOD AND A WORLD OF NATURAL EVIL: THEOLOGY AND SCIENCE IN HARD CONVERSATION
Authors: Southgate Christopher 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is the text of the 2022 Boyle Lecture. After some acknowledgements, it introduces the theological problem of the suffering of nonhuman creatures in the natural world as described by evolutionary science. It sets aside the neo‐Cartesian objection that this suffering should not be considered real. The lecture then considers, and initially rejects, theodicies based on some form of fall event. An account is offered based on the premise that Darwinian evolution was the only way God could have given rise to a biological world containing the sorts of values we observe. Although this remains the preferred basis for an evolutionary theodicy, consideration is finally given to the extent to which certain phenomena, such as parasitism, cancers, and viral infections, might be thought to exhibit a resistance to the divine will. The tentative suggestion is made that this resistance might derive from temptation by spiritual powers, thus incorporating into an overall only‐way account an element of angelic fallenness.
Hydroelastic Analysis of Hard Chine Sections Entering Water—Observations for Use in Preliminary Design Stage
Authors: Tavakoli Sasan , Babanin Alexander V. , Hirdaris Spyros 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Wing-in ground effect (WIG) vehicles and planing hulls are exposed to unsteady, high magnitude hydrodynamic forces as their bow enters water. The resulting forces can lead to structural damage and uncomfortable riding conditions. This paper aims to provide deeper understanding on the influence of structural flexibility throughout the water entry process of a hard-chine section. A finite volume method (FVM) based flexible fluid-structure interaction (FFSI) model is used to solve multi-physics. Quantitative comparisons are made between experimental and computational data. Simulations demonstrate that structural responses can attenuate the pressure acting on the body of hard-chine sections impinging water with deadrise angles of 10deg, 20deg, and 30deg. However, they cannot affect that of a section with deadrise angle of 45deg since its pressure distribution pattern is different. It is shown that the impact speed has an important role in hydroelastic response while the sectional Young's modulus affects impact pressures and resulting equivalent stresses. The former increases under the increase of Young's modulus. The latter may increase when the impact speed is low and decreases when the impact speed is high. It is concluded that the results presented may be useful for preliminary design.
On Integrated Fluid Screening and Turbomachinery Design for Optimized Industrial Heat Pumps
Authors: Karaefe Renan Emre , Post Pascal , di Mare Francesca , Venzik Valerius , Wotzka Paul , Müller Dirk , Barta Riley B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This work presents an approach to the contextual integration of fluid selection and compressor design for the cycle design of efficient industrial heat pumps. The vapor-compression cycle of an air-water heat pump operated at 42 °C source and 82 °C target temperature is investigated as a theoretical case study. An optimization study is performed, which includes the assessment of suitable refrigerants. Besides well-known single-component refrigerants, various binary mixtures are considered. The cycle optimization aims at simultaneously providing high cycle coefficient of performance and volumetric heating capacity. Cycle operation with the mixtures R-41/Trans-2-Butene (10, 90 mol%) and CO2/R-161 (40, 60 mol%) yields the highest values of these parameters, respectively. For further evaluation, centrifugal compressors operated with each of the two promising mixtures are designed with an in-house meanline program. In addition, the compressor design for the hydrochlorofluoro-olefin refrigerant R-1234ze(Z) is considered as a reference. All designs are reviewed with respect to cycle as well as compressor design criteria and the applied methodology will assist designers in identifying key decision variables. The comprehensive design assessment suggests that CO2/R-161 provides the best overall solution for an efficient cycle with a compact compressor design.
Experimental Validation of a Rotor-Bearings System Model for Tesla Turbines Resonances Prediction
Authors: Niccolini Marmont Du Haut Champ Carlo Alberto , Silvestri Paolo , Reggio Federico 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main task of the present paper is the development and the implementation of a suitable analytical model to correctly capture rolling bearing radial stiffness, particularly nearby the critical speeds of the investigated rotor-bearings system. In this paper, such bearing non-linear stiffness model is applied to air bladeless turbines (or Tesla turbines) high speed rotors, in order to assess their global rotordynamic behavior when they are mounted on hybrid ball bearings.
In order to properly investigate all the issues related to critical speeds identification, an adequate number of tests was performed by exploiting an experimental air Tesla turbine prototype located at TPG experimental facility of the University of Genoa. The correlation between experimentally detected flexural critical speeds and their numerical predictions is markedly conditioned by the correct identification of ball bearings dynamic characteristics; in particular, bearings stiffness effect may play a significant role in terms of rotor-bearings system natural frequencies and therefore it must be accurately assessed. Indeed, Tesla turbine rotor FE model previously employed for numerical modal analysis relies on rigid bearings assumption and therefore it does not account for bearings stiffness overall contribution, which may become crucial in case of “hard mounting” of rotor-bearings systems. Subsequently, high-speed air Tesla rotor is investigated by means of an enhanced FE model for numerical modal analysis within Ansys® environment, where ball bearings are modelled as springs whose stiffness is expressed according to non-linear analytic model implemented in Matlab®.
The obtained results in terms of rotor-bearings system modal analysis exhibit an improvement in experimental-numerical results correlation by relying on such ball bearing stiffness model; moreover, beam-based FE model critical speeds predictions are coherent with experimental evidence and with respect to the previously employed FE model based on solid elements it is characterized by lower computational time and it is more easily interpretable. Thus, such experimentally validated numerical model represents a reliable and easily adaptable tool for high-speed rotating machinery critical speeds prediction in practical industrial application cases.
Thermodynamic Assessment of the Conversion of a Typical CCGT Power Plant to a Fully E-Fuel Fired Unit
Authors: Rigault Jérôme , De Paepe Ward , Laget Hannes 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the increasing need for flexibility in the electricity grid, combined with longer periods of low electricity prices due to an oversupply of renewable electricity, alternative solutions which include the production of carbon-free fuels in combination with the use of combined cycle power plants, are identified as possible solution. These so-called Power-to-Gas-to-Power solutions (P2G2P), with hydrogen and ammonia as fuel, require further research to determine their feasibility. Within this scope, the European collaborative project FLEXnCONFU aims at providing an answer towards this feasibility. The specific project idea is to recover excess grid power to produce hydrogen through proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. Then, this hydrogen could be stored directly, or it could be fed in an ammonia synthesis process. Finally, the decarbonised fuels (ammonia and/or hydrogen) are burned in the gas turbine to produce electricity with no greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of P2G2P system integration in a power plant. Different concepts have been applied to an existing ENGIE plant, based in Belgium, with the idea of installing all the technologies (electrolysers, compressors and storage, as well as ammonia fabrication units) on the power plant site. Simulations show that a considerable production time is needed to operate the plant several hours using these e-fuels. Moreover, hydrogen storage requires an extremely huge footprint, hence it looks more reasonable to operate ammonia synthesis to store large quantities of decarbonised fuel, given the site space constraints. Additionally, Aspen plus models have been realised to evaluate the global efficiency of the P2G2P systems as well as the specific cooling requirements of the added technologies. The global efficiency for the P2H2P (with hydrogen) system is 32%. For the P2A2P (with pure ammonia) and P2A2H2P (part of the produced ammonia is cracked to recover hydrogen, feeding the combustion chamber of the CCGT with a blend of 70% NH3 and 30% H2) systems, this global efficiency is reduced respectively to 24% and 19%. From these results, it is thus apparent that there remain still several challenges that need to be overcome to make P2G2P an efficient way to decarbonise electricity production. These main challenges are: Increase the efficiency of the transformation processes to limit the energy losses; Enhance hydrogen storage technologies to limit the footprint or develop an efficient hydrogen distribution; Reduce the cost of P2G technologies and especially of PEM electrolyzers; Progress on decarbonised fuels combustion and specifically limit NOx emission for the NH3 firing configuration.
Conceptual Study of Thermally Coupled Micro Gas Turbines and High Temperature Heat Pumps for Trigeneration
Authors: Gollasch Jens Oliver , Agelidou Eleni , Henke Martin , Stathopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the context of climate change low-emission technologies need to be developed to cover the high thermal energy demand of the industrial sector. Because of the ongoing transition to renewable energy sources and their limited availability, combustion-based technologies will be required to support this transition. This paper presents fundamental, application-independent conceptual studies of thermally coupled micro gas turbines (MGT) and high temperature heat pumps (HTHP). The MGT provides electrical power to drive the compressor of the heat pump, while the heat of the exhaust flow is used as a heat source. This self-sufficient system is expected to provide high thermal output at temperature levels beyond available heat pump technology. In addition, low temperatures can be achieved for cooling processes. Within the scope of this study, several process architectures with different integration of heat sources are analyzed by performing thermodynamic cycle simulations. The results demonstrate attainable temperature levels and it can be shown that heat can be provided at temperatures above 300 °C. Cooling processes can be effectively integrated in some of the investigated cycle configurations so that temperatures below −30 °C can be reached. Thermal coupling enables high utilization rates of primary energy and values over 100% are possible. The present work provides the basis for future studies, which will take the economic feasibility in comparison with competing technologies into consideration.
Optimal Management of Reversible Heat Pump/ORC Carnot Batteries
Authors: Torricelli Noemi , Branchini Lisa , De Pascale Andrea , Dumont Olivier , Lemort Vincent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the view of reducing the global greenhouse gas emissions it becomes fundamental to exploit the renewable energy sources at their maximum potential by developing effective strategies for their flexible use. Among the available solutions to realize these strategies are the electric energy storages including the innovative Pumped Thermal Energy Storage technology (included in the Carnot battery concept). This can become very interesting in these applications where different energy flows must be handled (both electric and thermal), thanks to the possibility of adding the contribution of a waste heat source, in a thermally integrated energy storage. However, despite the several advantages, the state-of-the-art still lacks experiments and investigation of efficient control strategy for the Carnot battery when inserted into the process. As original contribution to the current literature, this paper presents the off-design model of a reversible Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)/Heat Pump (HP) Carnot battery configuration with the aim of employing it to simulate the performance of such system and discuss its optimal management when inserted into a generic process. An existing reversible HP/ORC kW-size prototype is considered as reference and its optimal control in both HP and ORC mode under different boundary conditions is assessed.
Energy and the University: The Role of Gas Turbines at US Universities and Strategies for Enhancing Energy Literacy
Authors: Winegardner Erica , Lemay Emma , Lynch Stephen , Thole Karen A. , O’Connor Jacqueline 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ambitious international decarbonization goals and growing demand for energy are two powerful mandates that set the agenda for the gas turbine industry for the next several decades. To meet these goals and needs, educators must focus on the development of not only technical skills, but also energy literacy. Energy literacy has three components — the cognitive (awareness of energy concepts and technologies), the affective (awareness of the interaction between energy and greater societal issues), and the behavioral (agency to make energy-related decisions) — that can be significantly enhanced by not just curricular interventions, but also non-curricular activities. This paper begins by describing the energy landscape at Tier 1 Research (R1) Universities in the United States. Over 50% of R1 universities in the US use gas turbines to help meet their campus power and heating needs, and almost 60% of these universities have public facing information about campus energy production and usage, indicating an opportunity for enhancing energy literacy amongst the student body through better energy communication. Using these peer institutions as a backdrop, we focus on efforts by the Center for Gas Turbine Research, Education, and Outreach at the Pennsylvania State University as a case study to learn how to enhance energy literacy in engineers through both curricular and non-curricular interventions. The non-curricular intervention includes an energy dashboard, displayed in the student collaboration space for the Department of Mechanical Engineering, that shows real-time statistics on power and steam production, as well as gas turbine engine data from an advanced instrumentation package in one of the power stations on campus. The curricular intervention includes use of data from this dashboard in an introductory thermodynamics course, including the use of engine data in Brayton cycle analysis. In describing these efforts, we highlight the critical role that gas turbine technology and the gas turbine industry can play in enhancing the technical education and energy literacy of the future workforce.
The Pump-Turbine Selection Approach for Geomechanical Storage Facility
Authors: Patil Abhay , Hill Bunker , Wilkes Jason 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The geo-mechanical hydro-storage method utilizes the natural energy storage capability of subsurface formations to store water under pressure. The pumps supply water underground and store it in-between layers of low permeability formations. The natural elasticity of the rock holds the water under pressure. The pressurized water is released through a turbine to produce electricity to send back to the grid. The proven capability to cycle hydraulic power across a broad range of geographies for long duration energy storage makes this method attractive. However, with the proposed pumped storage concept, the storage capacity and head availability requirements change as compared to conventional hydro storage facilities due to specific limitations with well-size (flow rate) and underground formation. The current study focuses on exploring different pump and turbine options for the given operating conditions and developing a way forward to qualify the pump and turbine for specific operational conditions based on cost, performance, and reliability. Pump options include centrifugal and plunger pumps, while turbine options include Pelton and Francis or Centrifugal Pump as Turbine. Three configurations are proposed based on initial cost and round-trip efficiency values. A metric Levelized Cost of Stored Energy (LCOSE) is utilized to compare the performance of different options, considering 25 years of overall life span. A sensitivity study was applied to chosen configurations and sizes for different roundtrip efficiencies and projected initial costs. Within given bounds, operational conditions, and assumptions made, the study outputs Pump-as-Turbine (PaT) as an optimal solution for the proposed conditions.
Dynamic Modelling of a Brayton PTES System
Authors: Frate Guido Francesco , Pettinari Matteo , Di Pino Incognito Emanuele , Costanzi Riccardo , Ferrari Lorenzo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The need for storage capacity is continuously increasing due to the progressive penetration of renewable energy sources in the power grids. New storage technologies for large-scale applications are emerging in this context, among which Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES) is a promising alternative. PTES is based on closed Brayton cycles: a Brayton heat pump is operated in the charging phase, using the off-peak electricity to transfer heat between two reservoirs. A Brayton heat engine is operated between the same reservoirs in the discharging phase, producing electric energy. The purpose of grid-scale storage facilities is to provide flexibility to the grid. Therefore, the proposed technologies must effectively operate in part-load conditions and quickly react when the load must be adjusted. In this study, the transient response of the Brayton PTES technology is studied, with particular emphasis on its off-design operation and control strategy. To this end, a detailed thermodynamic model of the system is developed. Particular attention is given to the sizing of the components relevant to the control. Furthermore, a control strategy suited for the power regulation of closed Brayton cycles, the Inventory Control, is investigated, and implementation is proposed. As it resulted, the system can operate in part-load with negligible performance degradation and is characterized by a rapid transient response. Therefore, Brayton PTES resulted as a promising storage technology for grid-scale applications.