bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Larvadex® for the Control of Northern Fowl Mites on Chickens, 1983
Authors: Collison C. H. , Cloud J. A. , Burg J. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvadex 0.3% premix (cyromazine), an insect growth inhibitor, was fed to 17 White Rock hens (37 wk old) at the University poultry farm to determine its effectiveness in controlling northern fowl mites. Seventeen birds served as controls. All birds were housed individually in a 7.3 X 7.3-m shelter. The shelter contained 2 banks of Favorite single deck, double row, sloping floor hanging cages (46 X 46 X 30 cm), 20 cages per bank. Cage banks were separated by a 2.3-m isle and were suspended 1 m above the floor. Treated and control birds were housed in separate banks. On 18 Feb ‘83 all birds were artificially infested with northern fowl mites by mechanically aspirating mites from carrier hens and releasing them into the vent area of each recipient. Mite populations were visually estimated by parting the feathers in the vent area at two-wk postinfestation and at weekly intervals for the duration of the study. Population levels were indexed by the following code: 0 = 0 mites/bird; 1 = 1-2 mites; 2 = 3-9 mites; 3 = 10-31 mites; 4 = 32-99 mites; 5 = 100-315 mites; 6 = 316-999 mites; 7 = 1,000-3,159 mites; 8 = 3,160-9,999 mites; 9 = 10,000-31,586 mites; and 10 = more than 31,586 mites/bird. Larvadex treatments were initiated on 4 Mar ‘83 and continued for 15 consecutive wks.
Evaluation of Boric Acid Formulations for Control of Red Imported Fire Ants, 1984
Authors: Lemke L. A. , Knight R. L. , Kissam J. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five numbered compounds containing boric acid were evaluated for use as mound drenches for control of red imported fire ants in South Carolina. These studies were conducted in 2 pastures, 1 in Boykin and the second in Santee. In the first pasture 14 circular plots (100 ft diam) were delineated with the location of fire ant mounds in each plot mapped. A minimum of 5 mounds were present in each plot. The activity of each mound was also determined by slightly prodding the mound with a thin metal wire and then estimated by the number of ants coming to the surface using the following scale: 0 = inactive mound, 1 = 1-100 ants, 2 = 101-1000 ants and 3 = greater than 1000 ants. To each of the 14 plots, 1 of 7 treatments was assigned randomly. The concentration of each EI formulation was determined by adding 70 ml of compound to 1 gal of water as instructed by the company. One gal of solution was applied to each mound. Treatments in field 1 were applied on 18 Jun 84. In the second study conducted at Santee, the same procedure was followed except that EI formulations were doubled, 140 ml in 1 gal of water. Treatments in field 2 were applied on 13 Oct 84.
Control of Red Imported Fire Ants with Mound Drenches, 1983
Authors: Phillips Sherman A. , Claborn David M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were initiated in Kerr County, Texas with UC-27867 and AK-101. Rates of both compounds were applied as single mound drenches to individual colonies of the red imported fire ant (RIFA) at the Riverhill Country Club in Kerrville, Texas. Each rate was applied as a 1-gal mound drench to 20 individual colonies on 16 Jun 83, and monitored at intervals requested by the companies involved. Colony survival was determined by opening each mound with a shovel and noting the presence of defending workers.
Susceptibility of the House Fly and Little House Fly to Pyrethroid-Treated Plywood Panels, 1984
Authors: Meyer Jeffery A. , Mandeville J. David , Mullens Bradley A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each material was applied to 2 identical 1 ft2 plywood panels to the point of runoff and bioassayed with house flies and little house flies. Flies utilized for bioassays were 1 wk old or less and originated from laboratory colonies. Fifty flies of each species were exposed to each of the 2 panels by means of confining them under screen jar rings, 3 inches in diameter by 1 inch deep. Four rings were placed on each panel in predesignated areas; 25 flies of each species per ring. Mortality counts were taken at 1 h and 24 h post-exposure.
Control of Mango Shoot Moth, 1983
Authors: Schreiner I. , Nafus D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A mango orchard in Agat, Guam, with mixed-age trees about 15-35 years old, of several unknown varieties, comprised the treatment site. Pairs of trees of similar size were identified and assigned either to the spray treatment or to the control. The treatment was replicated on 4 trees. Insecticide was applied once every 2 wk with a 50 gal power sprayer. Leaf damage was estimated on a monthly basis on 20 terminal shoots chosen at random from each tree. The number of leaves on each shoot was counted and each leaf present was evaluated for damage. A leaf having no damage was rated 0, one with up to 25% of its tissue missing was rated 1, 26-50% missing was a 2, 51-75% a 3 and 76-99% was a 4. This trial of 6 mo was from Aug and Nov.
Sixspotted Mite Control on Avocados, 1982
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Olsen K. N. , Goodall G. , Phillips P. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six acaricides were tested for control of sixspotted mites (SSM) on 20-year-old trees (40 X 20 ft spacing) located in Santa Barbara County. A randomized block experimental design was used with 5 single-tree replicates of each treatment with single tree buffers separating the test trees both within and between rows. All materials were applied by handgun with a Bean orchard hydraulic spray rig at 400 psi on 28 Sep ’82. The dilution factor used for all materials was based on 1000 gpa, i.e., 10 gal per tree x 100 trees per acre. All trees were sprayed to the point of runoff. Treatments were evaluated by taking random samples of 20 leaves from each of the sprayed and untreated trees at a height between 2 and 8 ft. The samples were examined in the lab with the aid of a dissecting microscope within three days of collection. Only the motile stages of SSM on the underside of each leaf were counted. A pretreatment leaf sample was collected on the day of treatment, and 28 SSMs per leaf were found.
Citrus Red Mite Pesticide Efficacy Tests in Riverside, 1984
Authors: Morse J. G. , Elliott W. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized block design was used with 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Materials were applied using a Hardie hand-gun (single nozzle, no. 8 disk) at 450 psi (ca. 1000 gal/acre, 10 gal/tree) using a John Bean sprayer. Naked-eye counts of live adult female mites on the adaxial surfaces of 32 leaves/tree (4 leaves from each of two 4-leaf terminals per quadrant) were made. Predator mites (mainly Euseius tularensis) were censused by counting all motile stages on both sides of 10 inferior leaves/tree.
Navel Orangeworm Control on Walnuts, 1984
Authors: Van Steenwyk R. A. , Barclay L. W. , Barnett W. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Westside Field Station at Five Points, CA. Six treatments were replicated 8 times using a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of an individual tree. Materials were applied to runoff (600 gal spray mixture per acre) with a hand-held orchard sprayer operating at 270 psi. Applications were made on 5 Sep when walnut husks had just begun to split. Control was evaluated by inspecting 100 nuts per replicate (tree) for navel orangeworm on 19 Sep.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Beans, 1984
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on 7 Mar 84 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a 25-ft long single row on 3-ft centers. The plots were irrigated by an overhead sprinkler twice a week. There were 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 5, 12, 19 and 24 Apr with a CO2 powered, 2.5 gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre, insect counts were taken on 25 Apr by shaking the plants over a 3 ft by 3 ft white cloth. The banded cucumber beetle and garden tleahopper populations were normal, however other pests did not build-up in the plots.
Insect Control in Cabbage, 1984
Authors: May A. , Grafius E. , Pax R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was seeded using a “Precision Planter” in 4-ft rows on 6 Jun, ’84 at the M.S.U. Horticultural Experimental Station, Sodus, MI (Berrien Co.). Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications (= blocks) per treatment. Each plot was 3 rows wide and 15 ft long. Treatments were applied on 18, 25 Jul, 1, 8, 15, 22, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep, with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa. Efficacy was determined by examining (ca. weekly) 2 entire plants from the center of each plot for insects. Analysis were done on insect counts and damage ratings. A rating scheme (0-4) was used to evaluate 2 heads/plot throughout the season and 5 heads/plot at harvest. The rating scheme was as follows: 0 = No damage on plant; 1 = Few holes on wrapper leaves; no holes on head; 2 = Many holes on wrapper leaves; no holes on head; 3 = Few holes on head; 4 = Many holes on head. There were no significant differences between treatments in reducing the no. of: looper eggs, small looper larvae, ICW eggs, small and large ICW larvae (small &lt; 1/2 inch; large &gt; 1/2 inch), and lacewing eggs. Significant differences between treatments were detected in reducing the no. of large looper larvae. Counts from 1 Aug through 6 Sep are presented in this report because counts from previous weeks were extremely low. On 6 Sep, significant treatment differences were detected. Pounce, and both Spur treatments significantly reduced the no. of large looper larvae. Lorsban and Dipel were not significantly different from the untreated.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm, Cabbage Looper, and Diamondback Moth, 1984
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted to the field on 25 Jul. The soil was a fine sandy loam of pH 7.0. Transplants were treated with Schultz starter fertilizer at planting and side-dressed on 17 Aug with 200 lb urea at 45 lb ai/acre. Each plot, a 22.5-ft row, was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications, based on 3-ft row spacing, were made with a CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. Prior to application, on 29 Aug, the mean numbers of larvae per plant were: 1.15 imported cabbageworm (ICW), 0.65 cabbage looper (CL), and 3.05 diamondback moth (DB). Insecticides were applied on 29 Aug and control was assessed by counting the number of larvae on 5 plants per plot on 30 Aug, 4 Sept, and 11 Sep.
Evaluation of Acaricides for Control of Spider Mites on Cantaloupes, 1985
Authors: Perring Thomas M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Melons were planted 9 Feb ’84 on 90-inch center slant beds at Imperial Valley Field Station, El Centro, Ca. Seeds were precision-planted on the south-facing slope of the bed to take advantage of solar heating. Furrow irrigation and other standard agronomic techniques were used. Experimental plots, 4 rows X 15.5 in, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pesticide applications were made on 10 May using a 2-row handheld Co2-driven backpack sprayer. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 24 gal of total spray/acre at 40 psi. Materials evaluated and rates used are presented in the data table. Total number of adult female spider mites were counted on certain leaves of the primary branch of each of 5 plants/plot. If the primary branch had fewer than 10 leaves, then all leaves were counted. If the primary branch had between 10 and 20 leaves then every other leaf, beginning at the crown, was counted. If the branch had between 20 and 30 leaves, then every 3rd leaf was counted, and so on. This procedure provided for all aged foliage to be sampled. Mite counts from each plant were totaled to give a whole plant number. Counts were made on 9 (pretreatment), 16, 23 and 29 Mar. Beneficial arthropods were counted on the same leaves as those upon which mites were evaluated.
Beet Armyworm Suppression on Celery, 1984
Authors: Goh Ken S. , Trumble John T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted on 4 Aug into 9 inch greenhouse pots. On 24 Aug, when plants were ca. 16 inches in heiglit, 10 third-stage beet armyworm larvae from a laboratory colony were placed on each of 4 plants/application rate, and allowed to acclimate for ca. 1 h. Each plant was then sprayed to runoff using a Devilbiss #16 nozzle. In a second test, the same experimental design was used except that larvae were placed on the plants after the sprays had dried. Laboratory conditions at the time of treatment were 24°C and a photoperiod of LD: 16-8. All plants were placed in ventilated cages to prevent losses due to the migratory behavior of the beet armyworm. Plants were examined for dead or moribund larvae at 2, 8 and 24 and 72 h posttreatment for the contact plus residue test. In the residue only trial, moribund and dead larvae were recorded at 12, 48 and 72 h following treatment. Plants and larvae in the checks were treated with distilled water only.
Codling Moth Control, Large Plots, 1984
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted near Wenatchee at the Columbia View orchard, a part of the Tree Fruit Research Center. The orchard consisted of Red Delicious trees in their fifth leaf on a semi-dwarfing rootstock. The orchard was sprinkler irrigated with an undertree, solid-set system. Each treatment was applied to an unreplicated half-acre block of trees using a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute spray of ca 400 gal per acre. Dimilin was first applied 17 May at 75 degree days after first moth (PFM) caught in pheromone traps. The second application was made 12 Jun. Guthion was first applied 12 Jun at 250 degree days PFM. The second Guthion application was made 3 Jul. Evaluation of first generation injury was made on 13 Jul. All fruit on each tree were examined in the border and adjacent 3 rows (32 trees/plot). The number of apples injured by codling moth was recorded. There was heavy codling moth pressure throughout the orchard. Dimilin was applied against the second generation of codling moth on 30 Jul at 1450 degree days PFM. Guthion was applied against second generation on 7 Aug at 1650 degree days PFM. All fruit in the border and next 3 rows were examined for injury on 30 Aug. A single mite sample of 50 leaves from each plot was taken on 22 Aug. Data are presented as average mites per leaf.
Citrus Thrips Control Trials in California, 1985
Authors: Morse J. G. , Grout T. G. , Brawner O. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were tested for control of citrus thrips populations in Field 12 (15 year old Atwood navel oranges) of the Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, CA. Treatments were applied using a hand-gun at 500 psi, outside coverage and approximately 200 gpa (except Kelthane thorough coverage, 1000 gpa) on various dates pre and post petal fall (1 May). Four-tree plots were used with 2-12 (normally 3) replications. Posttreatment counts were taken weekly on some of the plots of the percent of fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level (10 fruit per tree) that were infested with citrus thrips during the 6 wk critical period following petal fall. Citrus thrips fruit scarring counts were taken 1 mo prior to harvest on all fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level. Scars were rated as slight (any citrus thrips scarring) or severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring, equivalent to level causing fruit downgrading in a normal year). Economic scarring levels are approximately 5% severe scars.
Corn Earworm Control on Snap Bean, 1985
Authors: McLeod Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Snap beans were planted 10 Aug at the Arthur Henderson farm at Lowell, AR. Plots were four 50-ft rows (40-inch spacing) with 5-ft alleys separating plots on the same row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 10 treatments replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied with a manually propelled bicycle sprayer when the majority of plants bore 2-inch pods (8 Oct). Final spray volume was 10.5 gal/acre. Insecticide effectiveness was compared 16 Oct by taking 50 sweeps with a 15-inch diameter insect net in the center 2 rows of each plot. Plots were harvested 21 Oct by hand-picking 2 row-m from the center rows of each plot. Insecticide effectiveness was determined by comparing the % pod damage and the no. earworm larvae in each harvested sample.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Cowpea Curculio on Beans, 1985
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded 27 Mar ’85 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row on 3-ft centers, 25 ft long. The plots were irrigated by an overhead sprinkler twice a week. There were 4 replications per treatment in a completely random design. Treatments were applied on 17, 24, Apr 1, 8, and 15 May with a CO2 powered, 2.5-gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre. Fifty pods per plot were evaluated for cowpea curculio damage on 21 May. The curculio population was normal. Other insect species did not buildup in the plots. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Cabbage Looper Control, 1985.
Authors: Story R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station, St. Gabriel, LA. Seedling cabbage was transplanted onto 38-inch rows on 15 Feb with 15-inch spacing between plants. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications of single row plots containing 8 plants. Pesticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzel containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 15 mesh strainer. Treatments were applied on 18 Apr, 7 and 24 May. Evaluations of cabbage looper damage were made on 10 Jun by: 1) counting the number of feeding holes &gt;2 cm2 in each of 6 wrapper leaves in each plant and 2) visually inspecting the head for damage and rating it damaged or undamaged. The leaf rating was calculated as the mean number of holes per leaf, while the head damage was expressed as the percentage of heads damaged.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms, Fall Armyworms, and European corn borers In sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Linduska James J. , Dively Galen P. , Harrison Floyd P. , Hellman John L. , Embrey Michael , Bean Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘NK-199’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length on 3 Jun ’85. On 9 Jun Atrazine (1.5 qt) + Lasso (1.5 qt) was applied. Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. The sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 20 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at 50% silk 30 Jul and 4 days later on 3 Aug. Plots were harvested 15 Aug and evaluated as to insect species causing injury. Fifty ears/treatment/replication were harvested and graded. Only the center 2 rows of each plot were harvested. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Fall Armyworm, 1985
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded on 30 Mar ’85 in Rockdale soil. The plots were irrigated by overhead irrigation twice a week. Each plot was a single row on 3-ft centers, 25 ft long. There were 4 replicates per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 16 and 19 Apr with a CO2-powered, 2.5-gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 50 gal of water per acre. On 22 and 24 Apr, larval counts were taken by dissecting 10 plants/plot and counting the numbers of small (first and second instars), medium (third and fourth instars) and large (fifth and sixth instars). The FAW population was normal.
Control of Aster Yellows and Insect Defoliators in Lettuce, Rocky Ford, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Pace Michelle , Schweissing Frank C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Great Lakes’ lettuce was transplanted 25 Jul at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, CO. Planting was in a double row bed and each plot consisted of 24 heads. Treatments were applied 31 Jul, 8, 15, and 22 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 96 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated 5 Sep. Aster yellows infection was quantified by counting infested plants within plots. Leaf feeding injuries observed on plots were separated into the hole feeding injuries typical of cabbage looper and leaf scarring caused by various Diabrotica spp., primarily the SCB. Rating scales for both injuries were 1-5 with 1 indicating no visible damage and 5 the maximum injury on the plot. Cabbage looper numbers were estimated to be 3-5/head at the time of evaluation on untreated plants. However, predator and parasite activity on plots was heavy at the time of evaluation.
Control of a New Onion Pest in North Texas, 1984
Authors: Nagel D. , Puterka G. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High levels of the onion plant bug caused obvious leaf damage for the first time on record in North Texas. Onions were transplanted from the greenhouse to the field during 20-22 Feb. ’84. Plants were hand planted in 2 rows, 10 inches apart on 40 inch beds with a 3 inch in-row spacing. The plots were 250 ft long by 25 ft wide with 4 replications arranged in a randomized block design. The insecticide was applied by a 2-nozzle/row sprayer that delivered 36 gal/acre at 40 psi. The treatment was applied 13 Apr and onion plant bug counts were taken 13 Apr (pretreatment), 16, 19, 24 Apr and on the 4 and 22 May.
Carrot Weevil Control in Parsley, 1985
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Forest Green’ parsley were seeded into a sandy loam field on 20 Mar at the Arnold Galbiati Farm in East Vineland, NJ. Plots consisted of 4 rows on 18-inch centers and 20-ft long. All rows were treated and data were recorded from the middle two rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack boom sprayer with 3 nozzles (1 nozzle/row) calibrated to deliver 45 gal/acre at 40 psi. Plots were treated on 6, 15, and 23 May. The parsley was harvested on 31 May and 6 ft of row from the middle 2 rows weighed to determine yields.
Foliar Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 1983
Authors: Smilowitz Zane , Jannson Richard K. , Rebarchak Paul , Wallace Jean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Pennsylvania State University Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, Centre County, PA. A randomized complete block design with 2 replications was used. Treatment plots consisted of 3 50-ft rows planted 34 inches apart. Blocks were separated by a 20-ft alleyway. Certified, Class B ‘Katahdin’ seed potatoes were planted on 25 May ’83, with a 9 inch spacing between plants. Temik 15G (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in-furrow at planting. Carbaryl was applied weekly at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre to reduce the number of GPA predators. Dithane M-25® was applied at 1.5 lb (AI)/acre on a 7 day spray schedule for potato late blight control. The foliar insecticides were applied 22, 29 Aug, and 8 Sep with a 6-foot boom sprayer equipped with 2 Teejet® D2-25 disc-core nozzles/row. Thirty gal of water per acre were applied at 60 psi; tractor speed was 3 mph. Three leaves per plant, 12 plants per treatment plot (72 total leaves/treatment) were sampled weekly from 2 Aug to 12 Sep ’83 for green peach aphids (GPA). One row/treatment plot was harvested on 6 Oct ’83 and graded for size. Rainfall in inches totaled 0.50 May, 4.96 Jun, 1.70 Jul, 2.67 Aug, 2.16 Sep. Mean monthly temp (°F) were 59.1 May, 67.2 Jun, 71.2 Jul, 69.3 Aug and 62.6 Sep.