bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction model study focusing on eHealth in the management of urinary incontinence: the Personalised Advantage Index as a decision-making aid
Authors: Loohuis Anne Martina Maria , Burger Huibert , Wessels Nienke , Dekker Janny , Malmberg Alec GGA , Berger Marjolein Y , Blanker Marco H , van der Worp Henk 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo develop a prediction model and illustrate the practical potential of personalisation of treatment decisions between app-based treatment and care as usual for urinary incontinence (UI).DesignA prediction model study using data from a pragmatic, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial.SettingDutch primary care from 2015, with social media included from 2017. Enrolment ended on July 2018.ParticipantsAdult women were eligible if they had ≥2 episodes of UI per week, access to mobile apps and wanted treatment. Of the 350 screened women, 262 were eligible and randomised to app-based treatment or care as usual; 195 (74%) attended follow-up.PredictorsLiterature review and expert opinion identified 13 candidate predictors, categorised into two groups: Prognostic factors (independent of treatment type), such as UI severity, postmenopausal state, vaginal births, general physical health status, pelvic floor muscle function and body mass index; and modifiers (dependent on treatment type), such as age, UI type and duration, impact on quality of life, previous physical therapy, recruitment method and educational level.Main outcome measurePrimary outcome was symptom severity after a 4-month follow-up period, measured by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire the Urinary Incontinence Short Form. Prognostic factors and modifiers were combined into a final prediction model. For each participant, we then predicted treatment outcomes and calculated a Personalised Advantage Index (PAI).ResultsBaseline UI severity (prognostic) and age, educational level and impact on quality of life (modifiers) independently affected treatment effect of eHealth. The mean PAI was 0.99±0.79 points, being of clinical relevance in 21% of individuals. Applying the PAI also significantly improved treatment outcomes at the group level.ConclusionsPersonalising treatment choice can support treatment decision making between eHealth and care as usual through the practical application of prediction modelling. Concerning eHealth for UI, this could facilitate the choice between app-based treatment and care as usual.Trial registration numberNL4948t.
Medication following bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus (BY-PLUS) study: rationale and design of a randomised controlled study
Authors: Sudlow Alexis , Miras Alexander Dimitri , Cohen Ricardo Vitor , Kahal Hassan , Townley Jill , Heneghan Helen , Le Roux Carel , Pournaras Dimitri J 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionBariatric surgery is an effective method of controlling glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Long-term studies suggest that although glycaemic control remains good, only 20%–40% of patients will maintain remission according to the American Diabetes Association criteria.PurposeThis trial aims to examine the safety and efficacy of combining Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy with goal-directed medical therapy to improve long-term glycaemic control of T2DM.Methods and analysisThis prospective, open-label multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) will recruit 150 patients with obesity and T2DM from tertiary care obesity centres. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive either bariatric surgery and standard medical care or bariatric surgery and intensive goal-directed medical therapy, titrated to specific targets for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol. The primary endpoints are the proportion of patients in each arm with an HbA1c<6.5% (48 mmol/mol) at 1 year and the proportion of patients in each arm achieving the composite endpoint of HbA1c<6.5% (48 mmol/mol), BP<130/80 mm Hg and LDL<2.6 mmol/L at 5 years.Ethics and disseminationThe local institutional review board approved this study. This study represents the first RCT to examine the safety and efficacy of combining bariatric surgery with intensive medical therapy compared with bariatric surgery and usual care for long-term diabetes control.Trial registration numberNCT04432025.
International prevalence of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Steel Amie , Redmond Rebecca , Schloss Janet , Cramer Holger , Goldenberg Joshua , Leach Matthew J , Harnett Joanna Elizabeth , Van de Venter Claudine , McLintock Andy , Bradley Ryan , Hawrelak Jason , Cooley Kieran , Leung Brenda , Adams Jon , Wardle Jon 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesNaturopathy is a traditional medicine system informed by codified philosophies and principles, and an emphasis on non-pharmacologic therapeutic interventions. While naturopathy is practised by approximately 75 000–100 000 000 naturopathic practitioners in at least 98 countries, little is known about the international prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner. This study reports a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the global prevalence of history of consultation with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population.SettingThe included literature was identified through a systematic search of eight databases between September and October 2019, as well as the grey literature.ParticipantsStudies were included if they reported the prevalence rate of consultations with a naturopathic practitioner by the general population.InterventionsSurvey items needed to report consultations with a naturopathic practitioner as defined in the country where data was collected, and not combine naturopathic consultations with other health services or only report consulations for illness populations.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary measures used for the analysis was consultations in the previous 12 months. Other prevalence timeframes were reported as secondary measures.MethodsMeta-analysis of prevalence data was conducted using random effects models based on individual countries and WHO world regions.ResultsThe literature search identified eight manuscripts summarising 14 studies reporting prevalence for inclusion in the review. All included studies had a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of the included studies by world region found the 12-month prevalence of history of naturopathy consultations ranged from 1% in the Region of the Americas to 6% in the European and Western Pacific Regions.ConclusionsThere are up to sixfold differences in the prevalence of naturopathy consults over 12 months between and within world regions, which may be driven by a range of policy, legislative and social factors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020145529.
Barriers and facilitators to facility-based delivery in rural Zambia: a qualitative study of women’s perceptions after implementation of an improved maternity waiting homes intervention
Authors: Fong Rachel M , Kaiser Jeanette L , Ngoma Thandiwe , Vian Taryn , Bwalya Misheck , Sakanga Viviane Rutagwera , Lori Jody R , Kuhfeldt Kayla J , Musonda Gertrude , Munro-Kramer Michelle , Rockers Peter C , Hamer Davidson H , Ahmed Mdluli Eden , Biemba Godfrey , Scott Nancy A 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesWomen in sub-Saharan Africa face well-documented barriers to facility-based deliveries. An improved maternity waiting homes (MWH) model was implemented in rural Zambia to bring pregnant women closer to facilities for delivery. We qualitatively assessed whether MWHs changed perceived barriers to facility delivery among remote-living women.DesignWe administered in-depth interviews (IDIs) to a randomly selected subsample of women in intervention (n=78) and control (n=80) groups who participated in the primary quasi-experimental evaluation of an improved MWH model. The IDIs explored perceptions and preferences of delivery location. We conducted content analysis to understand perceived barriers and facilitators to facility delivery.Setting and participantsParticipants lived in villages 10+ km from the health facility and had delivered a baby in the previous 12 months.InterventionThe improved MWH model was implemented at 20 rural health facilities.ResultsOver 96% of participants in the intervention arm and 90% in the control arm delivered their last baby at a health facility. Key barriers to facility delivery were distance and transportation, and costs associated with delivery. Facilitators included no user fees, penalties for home delivery, desire for safe delivery and availability of MWHs. Most themes were similar between study arms. Both discussed the role MWHs have in improving access to facility-based delivery. Intervention arm participants expressed that the improved MWH model encourages use and helps overcome the distance barrier. Control arm participants either expressed a desire for an improved MWH model or did not consider it in their decision making.ConclusionsEven in areas with high facility-based delivery rates in rural Zambia, barriers to access persist. MWHs may be useful to address the distance challenge, but no single intervention is likely to address all barriers experienced by rural, low-resourced populations. MWHs should be considered in a broader systems approach to improving access in remote areas.Trial registration numberNCT02620436.
Strategies to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and youth well-being: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Moss Stephana Julia , Lorenzetti Diane L , FitzGerald Emily A , Smith Stacie , Harley Micaela , Tutelman Perri R , Birnie Kathryn , Mizen Sara J , Anglin Melanie C , Stelfox Henry T , Fiest Kirsten M , Parsons Leigh Jeanna 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionChildren and youth are often more vulnerable than adults to emotional impacts of trauma. Wide-ranging negative effects (eg, social isolation, lack of physical activity) of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and youth are well established. This scoping review will identify, describe and categorise strategies taken to mitigate potentially deleterious impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children, youth and their families.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review following the Arksey-O’Malley five-stage scoping review method and the Scoping Review Methods Manual by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Well-being will be operationalised according to pre-established domains (health and nutrition, connectedness, safety and support, learning and competence, and agency and resilience). Articles in all languages for this review will be identified in CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC, Education Research Complete, MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO. The search strategy will be restricted to articles published on or after 1 December 2019. We will include primary empirical and non-empirical methodologies, excluding protocols, reports, opinions and editorials, to identify new data for a broad range of strategies to mitigate potentially deleterious impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and youth well-being. Two reviewers will calibrate screening criteria and the data abstraction form and will independently screen records and abstract data. Data synthesis will be performed according to the convergent integrated approach described by the Joanna Briggs Institute.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable as this review will be conducted on published data. Findings of this study will be disseminated at national and international conferences and will inform our pan-Canadian multidisciplinary team of researchers, public, health professionals and knowledge users to codesign and pilot test a digital psychoeducational health tool—an interactive, web-based tool to help Canadian youth and their families address poor mental well-being resulting from and persisting beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Core outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy: a qualitative study with parents
Authors: Quirke Fiona , Ariff Shabina , Battin Malcolm , Bernard Caitlin , Bloomfield Frank H , Daly Mandy , Devane Declan , Haas David M , Healy Patricia , Hurley Tim , Kibet Vincent , Kirkham Jamie J , Koskei Sarah , Meher Shireen , Molloy Eleanor , Niaz Maira , Ní Bhraonáin Elaine , Okaronon Christabell Omukagah , Tabassum Farhana , Walker Karen , Biesty Linda 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the outcomes considered important to parents or caregivers of infants diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy or birth asphyxia in high-income and low- to middle-income countries (LMiCs), as part of the outcome-identification process in developing a core outcome set (COS) for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy.DesignA qualitative study involving 25 semistructured interviews with parents or other family members (caregivers) of infants who were diagnosed with, and treated for, neonatal encephalopathy, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy or birth asphyxia.SettingInterviews were conducted in high-income countries (HiCs) (n=11) by Zoom video conferencing software and in LMiCs (n=14) by phone or face to face.FindingsParents identified 54 outcomes overall, which mapped to 16 outcome domains. The domains identified were neurological outcomes, respiratory outcomes, gastrointestinal outcomes, cardiovascular outcomes, motor development, cognitive development, development (psychosocial), development (special senses), cognitive development, development (speech and social), other organ outcomes, survival/living outcomes, long-term disability, hospitalisation, parent-reported outcomes and adverse events.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the outcomes that parents of infants diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy have identified as the most important, to be considered in the process of developing a COS for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy. We also provide description of the processes employed to ensure the inclusion of participants from LMiCs as well as HiCs.
Development of entrustable professional activities for regional anesthesia and pain medicine fellowship training
Authors: Porter Steven , Prendiville Elaine , Allen Brian Frazer Scott , Booth Gregory , Boublik Jan , Burnett Garrett W , Elkassabany Nabil , Hausman Jonathan , Klesius Lisa , Le-Wendling Linda , Machi Anthony T , Maniker Robert , Parra Michelle , Rosenquist Richard , Spofford Christina M , Suresh Santhanam , Tedore Tiffany , Wilson Elizabeth H , Zhou Jon Yan , Woodworth Glenn 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) offers descriptions of competencies and milestones but does not provide standardized assessments to track trainee competency. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and special assessments (SAs) are emerging methods to assess the level of competency obtained by regional anesthesiology and acute pain medicine (RAAPM) fellows.MethodsA panel of RAAPM physicians with experience in education and competency assessment and one medical student were recruited to participate in a modified Delphi method with iterative rounds to reach consensus on: a list of EPAs, SAs, and procedural skills; detailed definitions for each EPA and SA; a mapping of the EPAs and SAs to the ACGME milestones; and a target level of entrustment for graduating US RAAPM fellows for each EPA and procedural skill. A gap analysis was performed and a heat map was created to cross-check the EPAs and SAs to the ACGME milestones.ResultsParticipants in EPA and SA development included 19 physicians and 1 medical student from 18 different programs. The Delphi rounds yielded a final list of 23 EPAs, a defined entrustment scale, mapping of the EPAs to ACGME milestones, and graduation targets. A list of 73 procedural skills and 7 SAs were similarly developed.DiscussionA list of 23 RAAPM EPAs, 73 procedural skills, and 7 SAs were created using a rigorous methodology to reach consensus. This framework can be utilized to help assess RAAPM fellows in the USA for competency and allow for meaningful performance feedback.
The association of objectively and subjectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adults: a cross-sectional study in Framingham Heart Study cohorts
Authors: Pooni Rubin , Edgell Heather , Tamim Hala , Kuk Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine whether using both objectively (accelerometer) and subjectively (questionnaire) measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) improves the prediction of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (pre/T2D) using data from the Framingham Heart Study ( n = 4200). Logistic regression was used to examine the odds ratio of pre/T2D in groups cross-classified by subjective and objective MVPA and SED. Less than half of participants fell into concordant categories of MVPA and SED using subjective and objective measures, with 7.0%–9.4% of participants in the extreme discordant categories of high-low or low-high subjective–objective MVPA or SED. Low objective MVPA, regardless of subjective MVPA status, was associated with a higher prevalence of pre/T2D ( P < 0.05). When cross-classifying by MVPA and SED, the majority of participants fell into concordant categories of MVPA-SED, with <4% of participants in the extreme discordant categories of MVPA-SED. Low objective MVPA, regardless of objective SED, was associated with a higher prevalence of pre/T2D ( P < 0.05). These findings suggest that low objectively measured MVPA appears more closely associated with pre/T2D risk compared with subjective measures, and there does not appear to be an additive effect of SED on pre/T2D risk after accounting for MVPA.
Microbial, tidal, and storm activity in a macrotidal to shallow marine shelf environment during the Paleoproterozoic era
Authors: Hill-Svehla Carolyn M. , Corcoran Patricia L. 
Published: July 2022

The Gordon Lake Formation (GLF) of the Paleoproterozoic Huronian Supergroup is a siliciclastic-dominated succession ranging from 300 to 1100 m in thickness. Lithostratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of the formation in the Bruce Mines and Flack Lake areas, and Killarney and Lady Evelyn-Smoothwater provincial parks, Ontario, Canada, revealed seven lithofacies, which comprise three distinct lithofacies associations. The lithofacies associations are subtidal nearshore, subtidal to shallow shelf, and mixed intertidal flat. A variety of structures interpreted to be biogenic in nature, including microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISSs) and stromatolites, are preserved, which support local microbial colonization in a tidally influenced marine environment. Wave, current, and tide-generated sedimentary structures, including symmetrical ripples, trough cross-beds, flaser and lenticular bedding, and mudstone drapes, are abundant in all study areas. Storm influence is suggested by normally graded deposits, mudstone rip-up clasts, and soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs), including load casts, ball-and-pillow structures, convolute bedding, and pseudonodules. Interbedding and interlamination of sandstone and mudstone units are present throughout the GLF and represent fluctuations in water level and energy, related to tidal and storm processes. A lowermost carbonate-rich unit may represent a period of low clastic influx. The contacts with the underlying Lorrain and overlying Bar River formations appear gradational. The depositional environment can be visualized as an open coast, shallow marine shelf that was influenced by microbial mats, tides, and storms.
Better integrators for functional renormalization group calculations
Authors: Beyer Jacob , Goth Florian , Müller Tobias 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We analyze a variety of integration schemes for the momentum space functional renormalization group calculation with the goal of finding an optimized scheme. Using the square lattice $$t-t'$$

t
-

t
′

Hubbard model as a testbed we define and benchmark the quality. Most notably we define an error estimate of the solution for the ordinary differential equation circumventing the issues introduced by the divergences at the end of the FRG flow. Using this measure to control for accuracy we find a threefold reduction in number of required integration steps achievable by choice of integrator. We herewith publish a set of recommended choices for the functional renormalization group, shown to decrease the computational cost for FRG calculations and representing a valuable basis for further investigations.

Graphic abstract
Searching for a vector-like B quark through a tW decay channel at future electron–positron colliders
Authors: Han Lin , Shen Jie-Fen , Liu Yao-Bei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVector-like quarks are predicted by several theoretical scenarios of new physics which could solve the hierarchy problem in particular and might be produced through electroweak interactions. In this work, we investigate the prospects for discovering the SU(2) singlet vector-like bottom quark (VLQ-B) in $$e^{+}e^{-}$$

e
+

e
-

collisions at the future proposed 3 TeV Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). The analysis is performed within the framework of a simplified model featuring only two free parameters: the VLQ-B mass $$m_B$$

m
B

and the coupling constant $$g^{*}$$

g

∗

. We study its single production process $$e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow B{\bar{b}}$$

e
+

e
-

→
B

b

¯

and perform a detailed analysis in the decay channel $$B\rightarrow tW^{-}$$

B
→
t

W
-

at the 3 TeV CLIC. The $$2\sigma $$

2
σ

exclusion limit and $$5\sigma $$

5
σ

discovery prospects are obtained for the model parameters, respectively. Our results show that the future CLIC will be an ideal hunting ground for such vector-like quarks which have electroweak interactions.
Relic gravitational waves in verified inflationary models based on the generalized scalar–tensor gravity
Authors: Fomin Igor V. , Chervon Sergey V. , Morozov Andrey N. , Golyak Ilya S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we consider the models of cosmological inflation based on generalized scalar–tensor theories of gravity with quadratic connection between the Hubble parameter and coupling function. For such a class of the models, we discuss the correspondence between well-known versions of the scalar–tensor gravity theories and physically motivated potentials of a scalar field. It is shown that this class of models corresponds to the Planck observational constraints on the cosmological perturbation parameters for an arbitrary potential of a scalar field and arbitrary version of a scalar–tensor gravity theory. The spectrum of relict gravitational waves is analyzed, and the frequency range corresponding to maximal energy density is determined. The possibility of direct detection of the relic gravitational waves, predicted in such a class of models, by satellite and ground-based detectors is discussed as well.
Stiffening of nanoporous gold: experiment, simulation and theory
Authors: Melis Claudio , Pia Giorgio , Sogne Elisa , Falqui Andrea , Giordano Stefano , Delogu Francesco , Colombo Luciano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBy combining electron microscopy measurements, atomistic simulations and elastic homogenization theory, we theoretically investigate the Young’s modulus of nanoporous Au structures. Based on atomistic replicas generated starting from experimental tomographic evidence, atomistic simulations reveal that nanoporous Au stiffens as ligaments become finer, reproducing experimental findings obtained by nanoindentation of dealloyed samples. We argue that such a stiffening is neither due to surface stress nor to grain boundaries. Instead, we observe a direct quantitative correlation between the density of dislocations found in the material phase of the nanoporous structures and their Young’s modulus and we propose a microscopic explanation of the observed stiffening. In particular, we show that local stress and strain fields in the neighborhood of dislocation cores allow dislocations to work as reinforcing solutes.