bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A paisagem de Bonito em Mato Grosso do Sul, o passado e o futuro sob a ótica dos sujeitos
Authors: Silvestrini Regiane , Soares da Silva Mauro Henrique , Helena Milani Patrícia , Salinas Chávez Eduardo 
Published: July 2022

O sentimento de topofilia e topofobia nos leva a olhar, refletir e reconhecer os lugares avaliando a relação íntima dos sujeitos sociais e o espaço através da fenomenologia. Sendo assim, com a metodologia baseada em entrevistas semi-dirigidas, realizadas com os moradores, residentes a mais de 20 anos no município de Bonito-MS, esse trabalho objetivou, através da análise do discurso, compreender as interações entre os sujeitos da paisagem e a natureza, sobretudo com os elementos que configuram as marcas das paisagens. Isso possibilitou evidenciar paisagens pretéritas nas memórias dos sujeitos, num processo de reconstrução do passado, bem como perspectivas futuras, nos seus projetos de paisagem. Considerou-se nessa pesquisa a percepção do indivíduo, por meio de suas memórias e relatos cotidianos, que revelam aspectos subjetivos da paisagem e orientam na compreensão da organização atual dos elementos visíveis da mesma. Os resultados demonstraram uma conscientização dos entrevistados, acerca das alterações das paisagens, sobretudo pelo advento do turismo como atividade econômica estabelecida na região nas últimas duas décadas, considerando a importância social, cultural e ambiental da área de estudo e dos elementos constituintes das paisagens, além dos conflitos socioambientais relacionados ao uso e ocupação do solo e divergências entre os moradores, o trade turístico e os proprietários de terras.
ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO KENDARAAN BELOK KANAN TERHADAP KINERJA SIMPANG TAK BERSINYAL
Authors: Saba Christinna Odilla , Don Gaspar Noesaku da Costa  , Engelbertha N.B. Seran  
Published: July 2022

Rasio kendaraan belok kanan berpengaruh terhadap tundaan dan peluang antrian pada simpang tak bersinyal. Penelitian ini akan membandingkan pengaruh rasio belok kanan terhadap kinerja simpang pada dua lokasi dengan karakteristik rasio belok kanan berbeda, yaitu pada simpang Jl. Timor Raya – Jl. Nangka dengan volume belok kanan tinggi dan simpang Jl. Samratulangi Raya – Jl. Samratulangi I dengan volume belok kanan rendah. Standar kinerja simpang menurut pedoman MKJI 1997. Pada simpang Jl. Timor Raya – Jl. Nangka diperoleh hasil bahwa rasio belok kanan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja simpang tak bersinyal, dengan nilai derajat kejenuhan (DS)= 1,246 > 0,75, tundaan (D)= 57,80 det/smp > 25 det/smp dan peluang antrian (QP)= 63,6 %-130,4 % > 50 %. Pengaruh rasio belok kanan terhadap (DS)= 97,53 %, (D)= 72,12 % dan (QP)= 96,15%-95,37% dengan tingkat pelayanan F (Buruk Sekali). Pada simpang Jl. Samratulangi Raya – Jl. Samratulangi I diperoleh hasil bahwa rasio belok kanan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja simpang, dengan nilai (DS)= 0,586 < 0,75, (D)= 9,85 det/smp < 25 det/smp dan (QP)= 14,5 %-30,9 % < 50 % dengan tingkat pelayanan B (Baik). Solusi pada simpang Jl. Timor Raya – Jl. Nangka adalah menghilangkan hambatan samping, pelebaran jalan, memasang rambu larangan belok kanan dan pengaturan arus satu arah.
Local Perception on the Climate Change in Nepali Society: A Spatial Comparison between Urban and Rural Area of Dharan and Bhojpur in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bigyan , Subedi Shukra Raj 
Published: July 2022

Climate change has become a global concern and debatable issue worldwide in the present era. It needs to be discussed from rural community and urban perspective in terms of the local understanding, experience, and knowledge in environmental discourse. The local understanding on climate change in Nepali society is the spatial comparative analysis of understanding to the environment from the perspective of local people. Being spatial comparative studies, it compares the understanding of environmental change of people among rural and urban areas Province 1 of Nepal. It underpins the interpretive research philosophy based on the qualitative research approach, employing the convenience sampling of non-probability sampling design with in-depth interview, and observation as the tools of data collection. The six research informants, three from the rural areas of Temkemaiyum of Bhojpur district and three from the urban areas of Dharan Sub-metropolitan City of Sunsari district have selected for the perception and experience collection for the comparative study. The finding has revealed that the both people of urban and rural areas are noticing the climate change. However, their understanding has varied based their knowledge, understanding, and experience. Though the study has focused on climate change, it has been recommended for researchers, policy makers, and policy implementers for environmental discourse in further research in Nepalese context.
Manufacturing Diamond Impregnated Tools for Stone Machining through Thermal Spraying
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Rechlin R. , Bach F.-W. , Möhwald K. , Babiak Z. , Rothardt Th. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The use of diamond-impregnated tools for the machining of any type of building material or natural stone is an established technology. Sintering and brazing are the key manufacturing technologies. The restricted flexibility of the geometry variation, the absence of the repair possibilities of damaged tool surfaces as well as difficulties in controlling the materials interfaces are some drawbacks. Therefore, manufacturing diamond tools through new technology concepts are required not only to avoid these restrictions mentioned but also to enhance the tools properties. In particular, thermal spraying technologies can act as a potential problem solver due to their special technological properties. Especially the new high-speed technologies such as the detonation-gun and high velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying are promising approaches. Through these technologies, it is possible to control the kinetic energies of the diamond particles as well as their temperature during coating. In this report, a novel manufacturing technology of the diamond-impregnated tools based on these high-speed thermal spraying technologies will be reported. The layer properties will be evaluated with respect to the diamond quality after coating and with respect to the properties of the diamond composite coatings. Diamond spraying efficiency, diamond distribution in the layer as well as diamond-metal binder-interaction are analysed.
Composition Changes of Selected Alloys During their Plasma Spraying
Authors: Chráska P. , Kolman B. , Suchánek M. , Voleník K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric plasma spraying of alloys often results in their composition changes. The main source of the changes is usually preferential oxidation of some elements composing the alloy. As a rule, these are the alloying elements whose affinity to oxygen is high. Changes due to this effect are well known from metallurgy; however, they were scarcely studied from the point of view of plasma spraying. Preferential evaporation of some elements may also contribute to the alloy composition changes. The aim of the present paper is to give quantitative data on composition changes of selected alloys sprayed by a water-stabilized plasma gun. Two Ni-base alloys and one high-alloy Cr-Ni-steel were studied. The main tool for determining the sample composition was electron probe X-ray microanalysis. To quantify the results and to eliminate the systematic errors, the data obtained by this method were calibrated by repeated chemical analysis of feedstock powders. The alloy composition was determined after both stages of plasma spraying, i.e. after the inflight stage of molten particles and after the stage comprising particle impact, solidification, coating formation and cooling. To study the situation after the former stage, the flying particles were trapped and quenched in liquid nitrogen. In the Ni-Cr alloy containing 20%Cr, strong Cr depletion was observed. The Fe depletion in the Ni-Fe alloy (47%Fe), though unambiguous, was less significant. The high-alloy steel (Czech equivalent of AISI 316) was also Cr depleted, whereas the concentrations of other alloying elements (Mo, Ni) remained effectively unchanged. In all cases, the depletion occurred at the first spraying stage and became more pronounced during the second stage. Strong air entrainment occurs not only in a plasma jet produced by a water-stabilized plasma gun, but also if gas-stabilized plasma guns are used in atmospheric plasma spraying. It follows that the dominant mechanisms of composition changes during plasma spraying by both techniques are similar.
A Study of Adhesive Strength of Cold Spray Coatings
Authors: Fukanuma H. , Ohno N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the adhesive strength results of copper and titanium deposits produced by cold spray processes on steel, stainless steel, aluminum and copper substrates. We investigated how the combinations of the particles and the substrate, and the pressure in the cold spray nozzle chamber affect the adhesive strength between the deposits and substrates. We used nitrogen and helium as cold spray process and powder carrier gasses in the processes. We found that helium gas produced much higher adhesive strength than nitrogen and that the strength of the deposits produced by using both helium and nitrogen gases was almost proportional to the chamber pressure. The adhesion produced by cold spray processes appeared to be dependent on the combination of hardness of powder and substrate metals. We also present cross section micrographs of the deposits and substrate observed after tensile strength tests. They show the substrate which is soft or easily deformed by particle collisions generates strong adhesion.
Impact Fusion Phenomenon During Cold Spraying of Zinc
Authors: Li Chang-Jiu , Li Wen-Ya , Fukanuma H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the zinc powder (-48 µm) was used to deposit coating by cold spraying using nitrogen as driving gas at different operating temperatures. The microstructure of the deposited coating was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal the occurrence of fusion during the impacting of spray particles. The selected area electron diffraction analysis was used to examine the microstructural feature at the near interface areas between the deposited particles in zinc coating. Numerical simulation was carried out to estimate the particle temperature increment during the impacting process. The simulation result suggests a possibility of the melting of zinc particles at the localized contact region on impact. The examination of the coating surface provided the evidence for the occurrence of the melting of spray particles on impact. The experimental results showed that the cold-sprayed zinc coating presented a dense microstructure. The nano-structural phase was formed at the near interface areas between deposited particles in zinc coating, while the grains in the size of micrometers similar to that in the powder were retained in the inside of the particles in the coating. Moreover, the TEM observation evidently showed that the amorphous phase was formed at the interface areas between the particles. It can be considered that the amorphous phase in the coating was formed through subsequent rapid solidification of the melted material on impact. This fact provided further evidence to the occurrence of localized melting during impacting of spray particles.
Microstructural and Electrochemical Characterization of Cold-Sprayed 1100 Aluminum Coating
Authors: Karthikeyan J. , Laha T. , Balani K. , Agarwal A. , Munroe N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cold spray is an effective technique to deposit pure metallic coatings on a variety of substrates. 1100 series aluminum-based coating has been deposited on similar aluminum substrate by cold spray technique using helium and a mixture of helium and nitrogen as powder carrying gases. The microstructural features of the coating were analyzed using optical micrography, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Microhardness depth profiles. The electrochemical behavior of the materials was studied using 0.5 N H2SO4 as electrolyte. Tafel extrapolation experiments were carried out in order to calculate the corrosion rate, corrosion potential and the Tafel slopes, whereas, potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed to understand the passivation behavior of the material under the experimental conditions. The electrochemical studies validate the use of cold sprayed aluminum coating for corrosion protection applications. SEM characterization of the coatings was also performed after the electrochemical experiments.
Influence of Substrate Conditions and Traverse Speed on Cold Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Sakaki K. , Tajima T. , Li H. , Shinkai S. , Shimizu Y. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, experiments investigated the influence of substrate conditions such as substrate thickness, substrate surface conditions (blasted or polished), substrate temperature, number of overlaps and gun traverse speed on cold sprayed copper and titanium coatings. The influence of substrate thickness, substrate temperature and number of overlaps were different by materials of feedstock powder (copper and titanium). In another words, titanium deposition efficiency increase slightly while copper deposition efficiency decrease slightly with increasing the substrate thickness, the preheated substrate temperature and number of overlaps and gun traverse speed. On the other hands, both deposition efficiency of copper and titanium coating increase slightly with an increase in surface roughness from 0.2 μm Ra (polished surface) to 7 μm Ra (blasted surface). The deposition efficiency of titanium and copper decrease rapidly with increasing gun traverse speed.
Off-Line Programming for Spraying and Laser Cladding of Three-Dimensional Surfaces
Authors: Zieris R. , Schmidt A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The economic efficiency of spraying a frequently changing spectrum of parts is strongly dependent on the costs of planning the spray process. In many cases, the robot program for coating a three-dimensional surface is generated directly on the control unit computer. Programming results in costly downtime. At IWS, a technology for off-line programming of robots and CNC systems for thermal spraying (TS) and laser cladding (LC) was developed. Coating programs are developed using CAD data from a workpiece and checked with simulation software. All steps are accomplished off-line without influencing ongoing production. Off-line programming of spray processes for three-dimensional surfaces enables substantial time savings to be realized, more so with increasing part complexity. These programs enable a constant spray distance and traverse speed as well as a permanent spray angle of 90° to the substrate to be achieved.
HVOF Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Morishita T. , Osawa S. , Itsukaichi T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A secondary acetylene after burner attached with an HVOF gun has been developed to produce high quality coatings required of ceramics. The secondary burner adds heat energy, enough to make deposition, to fine ceramic particles heated and accelerated by an HVOF gun. The energized particles are still not fully melted but just softened or partially melted on the surface and accelerated at as high as jet flame velocity. The coatings produced by this way present extremely unique characteristics, quite unlike from plasma coatings or D-gun coatings. The phase transformation in coatings is very little observed. The porosity is negligible. The wear resistance and the density are very close to those of the bulk. This paper will present significant features of HVOF ceramic coatings in comparison with plasma coatings.
Wear Behavior of HVOF Sprayed WC-12%Co Coatings vs. Hard Chrome Plating
Authors: Sahraoui T. , Fenineche N.E. , Montavon G. , Coddet C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Environmental protection and worker safety measures against hard chrome plating are increasing and leading many industries to adopt alternatives. HVOF thermal spray technology for applications of tungsten carbide based coatings have proved to be more environmentally friendly and effective than hard chrome. In this study, the results of wear tests for WC-12%Co sprayed coatings deposited onto AFNOR 25CD4 low carbon steel are compared to those for hard chrome. It was shown that WC-12%Co coatings exhibit the adequate tribological properties compared to those of electrodeposited hard chrome.
Phase Structure-Mechanical Property Relationships in HVOF-Sprayed WC-12Co Coatings
Authors: Bouaricha S. , Marple B.R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rietveld analysis was used to measure the phase content of twenty-four coatings sprayed with a multimodal WC-12Co feedstock using three HVOF spray guns. Different correlations were investigated involving, on the one hand, the thermal spray history (particle temperature and velocity) and the mechanical properties of the deposits (microhardness and abrasion resistance), and, on the other, the phase structure of the tested coatings. The results show an inherent effect of the spraying temperature, regardless of the HVOF process used, on the generation of sub-carbide species, mainly W2C, W and an amorphous-nanocrystalline phase. In particular, it was found that decarburization of the WC to produce the amorphous/nanocrystalline and tungsten phases is beneficial in enhancing the mechanical properties as long as there is no large amount of tungsten present in the coating. A linear relationship relates this phase with the presence of the amorphous-nanocrystalline phase, independently of the spraying process used in this study. It was also shown that metallic tungsten precipitated in a nanocrystalline structure only with the Diamond Jet HVOF process.
Fabrication of Aluminum Nitride Coating by Reactive RF Plasma Spray Process
Authors: Fukumoto M. , Yamada M. , Yasui T. , Takahashi K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) is one of the attractive ceramics applicable to the surface modification because of its excellent properties in chemical stability and thermal conductivity. In this research AlN coating was fabricated by reactive RF (Radio Frequency) plasma spray process, a kind of thermal spraying techniques. Reactive plasma spraying, in which metal element reacts with surrounding active species in plasma, has been considered to be an useful process for the formation of non-oxide ceramics thick coatings. By increasing nitrogen content in plasma gas, AlN coating without pure Al part was attained while the coating microstructure was heterogeneous, brittle and quite porous. By decreasing nitrogen content in plasma gas, on the other hand, Al/AlN composite coating with more homogeneous, less porous microstructure could be attained. Changing nitrogen fraction in plasma gas may be effective for controlling AlN content in Al/AlN composite coating. Nitriding process of aluminum in reactive RF plasma spraying was also investigated in this study. It could be considered that nitridation process of Al was occured during the particle flight in plasma or after the particle deposited onto the substrate. Nitriding reaction process of Al in the reactive plasma spray process was verified in the study.
Ceramic Spraying using Electromagnetically Accelerated Plasma
Authors: Tahara H. , Moriyama M. , Fujiuchi K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In magneto-plasma-dynamic (MPD) arcjet generators, plasma is accelerated by electromagnetic body forces. The MPD arcjet generator can produce higher-velocity, higher-temperature, higher-density and larger-area plasmas than those of conventional thermal plasma torches. Two types of MPD arcjet generator were developed for applications to ceramic spray coatings. One generator was installed with a cathode covered with mullite or zirconia ceramics and the other with a titanium cathode. The former was operated with Ar for mullite or zirconia coating by an ablation process of the cathode cover and the latter with N2 for titanium nitride coating by a reactive process between ablated titanium particles and nitrogen plasma. Silicon nitride reactive spraying was also carried out. The MPD spray process could successfully form dense, uniform and hard ceramic coatings. In titanium nitride reactive spraying, plasma diagnostic measurement and flowfield analysis were conducted. A large amount of N and N+ was expected to be exhausted with a high velocity from the MPD generator. Both the electron temperature and the electron number density were kept high at a substrate position compared with those for conventional low-pressure thermal sprayings. A chemically active plasma with excited particles of N+, Ti, Ti+ and Ti2+ was considered to contribute to better titanium nitride coatings. All coating characteristics showed that the MPD arcjet generators had high potentials for ceramic spray coatings.
Splat Formation in Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Abedini A. , Pourmousa A. , Chandra S. , Mostaghimi J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to study the effect of impact velocity and substrate temperature on splat morphology using a wire arc spraying system. Aluminum was sprayed onto polished AISI304L substrates held at various temperatures. In-flight particle parameters (size, velocity, temperature) were measured using a DPV 2000 system. Individual splats deposited on the substrate were photographed. Comparisons between the in-flight particle size distribution and the final splat size distribution showed that increasing substrate temperature results in increased mean spread factor. A transition temperature from splash to disk splats was determined. Coatings were also produced at various substrate temperatures and porosity levels measured. The effect of substrate temperature on deposition efficiency and coating adhesion was measured. Increasing substrate temperature was found to improve both deposition efficiency and adhesion strength.
Investigation of AlSi Coatings Prepared by Laser-Assisted Atmospheric Plasma Spraying of Internal Surfaces of Tubes
Authors: Zieris R. , Langner G. , Berger L.-M. , Nowotny S. , Beyer E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Laser-assisted atmospheric plasma spraying (LAAPS) is a new one-step coating process performed in air whereby the laser beam interacts with the plasma torch at the substrate or coating surface during deposition to generate a coating that is metallurgically bonded to the substrate. This hybrid process was developed in order to combine the specific advantages of APS and laser cladding. In this paper, the development of a hybrid gun for coating internal surfaces of tubes and cylinder bores by LAAPS is presented. The process was optimized for spraying AlSi30 coatings on internal surfaces of aluminum alloy cylinder bores. Single-pass coatings with thicknesses of 300-400 µm and metallurgical bonding to the substrates can be realized by applying an optimized parameter set. The dependence of coating microstructure on spray parameters was investigated by metallographic preparation and optical microscopy. Surface pretreatment must be performed to eliminate the strongly adhering oxide layer on the aluminum alloy substrate and to attain metallurgical bonding of coating to substrate.