bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and treatment of hepatitis E in the liver transplantation setting: A literature review
Authors: Markakis George E. , Papatheodoridis George V. , Cholongitas Evangelos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis in developing countries, but it can also take a chronic course especially in immunocompromised patients. Its epidemiology after liver transplantation (LT) is hard to assess and treatment options are still explored.Between 2009 and 2020, literature reporting HEV prevalence and treatment in LT recipients was searched and a synthesis was attempted. Sixteen studies reported HEV prevalence in consecutive LT patients: HEV RNA positivity ranged between 0%–1.4% and 0%–7.7% for Western and Eastern cohorts, respectively. In studies published between 2009–2014 and 2015–2020, HEV RNA positivity ranged between 0.35%–1.3% (all European) and 0%–7.7% (European: 0%–1.4%), respectively. Five studies evaluated HEV prevalence in LT recipients with abnormal liver enzymes: HEV RNA positivity was 2.9% in studies published between 2009 and 2014 and from 3.5% to 20% in studies published between 2015 and 2020. Twenty‐seven studies reported HEV treatment in LT recipients: sustained virologic response was achieved in 15% by immunosuppression reduction alone and in 83% of cases by ribavirin regiments.Chronic HEV infection is affecting LT recipients, mostly those with abnormal liver enzymes and in Eastern countries. HEV diagnoses should be based on PCR techniques. Successful treatment can be achieved with ribavirin in most cases.
Changes in soil chemical properties and plant species composition during primary succession on an oceanic island
Authors: Cabrera Rodríguez Francisco , Otto Rüdiger , Fernández‐Palacios José María 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuestionsWhat is the influence of time and environmental factors such as climate and topography on soil chemical properties and composition of vascular plants during primary succession on lava flows of an oceanic island? How is compositional change characterized and which successional stages can be distinguished?LocationLa Palma, Canary Islands.MethodsWe sampled soil properties and vascular plants in 72 plots on a long‐term chronosequence of 10 lava flows ranging in age between 40 and over 20,000 years in the semi‐arid lowlands of La Palma Island. Soil properties were analyzed by general least‐squares models (GLS), while canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), cluster analysis and multiresponse permutation procedures (MRPP) were applied to investigate compositional change.ResultsSoil characteristics and plant species composition during primary succession were strongly affected by substrate age but also by climatic and topographic factors. Values of most soil properties increased with lava flow age, while pH decreased. Soil organic matter, phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and ammonium revealed a positive correlation with mean annual precipitation. Lava flow age was always the most important independent factor determining plant assembly followed by mean annual precipitation. Four successional stages and their composition of indicator species, life strategies and species status could be defined. Alien species did not alter successional trajectories.ConclusionTime, climate and topography simultaneously affect soil properties and plant composition during primary succession on lava flows. The climatic windward–leeward gradient on La Palma Island influences plant colonization and soil development in the semi‐arid coastal areas. Favorable conditions (moisture) can speed up primary succession. Compositional changes suggest convergence during primary succession. During the entire colonization process, dominant successional shrubs are endemics, highlighting the importance of evolutionary adaptation to volcanic disturbances.
Prevalence estimation of significant fibrosis because of NASH in Spain combining transient elastography and histology
Authors: Calleja José L. , Rivera‐Esteban Jesús , Aller Rocío , Hernández‐Conde Marta , Abad Javier , Pericàs Juan M. , Benito Hugo G. , Serra Miguel A. , Escudero Amparo , Ampuero Javier , Lucena Ana , Sánchez Yolanda , Arias‐Loste María T. , Iruzubieta Paula , Romero‐Gómez Manuel , Augustin Salvador , Crespo Javier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a major public health problem, but the prevalence of fibrosis associated with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is largely unknown in the general population. This study aimed to provide an updated estimation of the prevalence of NASH fibrosis in Spain.MethodsThis was an observational, retrospective, cross‐sectional, population‐based study with merged data from two Spanish datasets: a large (N = 12 246) population‐based cohort (ETHON), including transient elastography (TE) data, and a contemporary multi‐centric biopsy‐proven NASH cohort with paired TE data from tertiary centres (N = 501). Prevalence for each NASH fibrosis stage was estimated by crossing TE data from ETHON dataset with histology data from the biopsy‐proven cohort.ResultsFrom the patients with valid TE in ETHON dataset (N = 11 440), 5.61% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.53‐11.97) had a liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 8 kPa. The proportion attributable to NAFLD (using clinical variables and Controlled Attenuation Parameter) was 57.3% and thus, the estimated prevalence of population with LSM ≥ 8 kPa because of NAFLD was 3.21% (95% CI 1.13–8.75). In the biopsy‐proven NASH cohort, 389 patients had LSM ≥ 8 kPa. Among these, 37% did not have significant fibrosis (F2‐4). The estimated prevalence of NASH F2‐3 and cirrhosis in Spain's adult population were 1.33% (95% CI 0.29–5.98) and 0.70% (95% CI 0.10–4.95) respectively.ConclusionsThese estimations provide an accurate picture of the current prevalence of NASH‐related fibrosis in Spain and can serve as reference point for dimensioning the therapeutic efforts that will be required as NASH therapies become available.
Are Subnational Policymakers' Policy Preferences Nationalized? Evidence from Surveys of Township, Municipal, County, and State Officials
Authors: Lee Nathan , Landgrave Michelangelo , Bansak Kirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn ongoing debate in American politics concerns the extent to which subnational politics has become “nationalized.” We advance this debate by collecting issue‐position data on four distinct policy topics from unprecedented national surveys of public officials at both the local and state levels. We then combine this survey data with precinct‐level presidential vote‐share data that is tabulated to match the boundary of each survey respondent's government jurisdiction. In doing so, we demonstrate that national party sorting of subnational officials is substantively and statistically significant across a range of issues with national salience, that it is consistent across local and state levels of government and it cannot be explained by the party sorting of constituents. These findings have implications both for the scope of nationalization as well as its implications for substantive representation.
Brief but Mighty? Sustained L2 Learning and Perceived Psychobehavioral Benefits After Short‐Term Study Abroad
Authors: ZALBIDEA JANIRE , ISSA BERNARD I. , FARETTA–STUTENBERG MANDY 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests that short‐term study abroad experiences can help advance various dimensions of second language (L2) learners’ linguistic competence. However, the extent to which gains following a brief sojourn are durable and maintained after immersion remains an open question. The present study examined both the immediate and sustained learning outcomes following a short‐term study abroad program by considering L2 Spanish learners’ (a) linguistic gains in global proficiency, oral production, and L2 knowledge, and (b) nonlinguistic gains in perceived psychobehavioral flexibility, a trait that remains underresearched despite its broad relevance to study abroad contexts. Data were collected at the onset and end of a summer study abroad program in Spain, as well as 5 weeks post‐sojourn, after students’ reimmersion in the first language environment. Mixed‐effects models revealed that gains in global proficiency and some aspects of oral production and L2 knowledge, as well as increases in perceived psychobehavioral flexibility, were noticeable at the end of the program and were maintained for several weeks post‐sojourn in the absence of further L2 instruction. Findings provide a first look into the potential of short‐term study abroad for promoting durable developmental changes across linguistic and nonlinguistic domains.
The influence of increasing atmospheric CO2, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit on seawater‐induced tree mortality
Authors: Li Weibin , McDowell Nate G. , Zhang Hongxia , Wang Wenzhi , Mackay D. Scott , Leff Riley , Zhang Peipei , Ward Nicholas D. , Norwood Matt , Yabusaki Steve , Myers‐Pigg Allison N. , Pennington Stephanie C. , Pivovaroff Alexandria L. , Waichler Scott , Xu Chonggang , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Bailey Vanessa L. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Increasing seawater exposure is killing coastal trees globally, with expectations of accelerating mortality with rising sea levels. However, the impact of concomitant changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on seawater‐induced tree mortality is uncertain.

We examined the mechanisms of seawater‐induced mortality under varying climate scenarios using a photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost optimization model validated against observations in a mature stand of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees in the Pacific Northwest, USA, that were dying from recent seawater exposure.

The simulations matched well with observations of photosynthesis, transpiration, nonstructural carbohydrates concentrations, leaf water potential, the percentage loss of xylem conductivity, and stand‐level mortality rates. The simulations suggest that seawater‐induced mortality could decrease by c. 16.7% with increasing atmospheric CO2 levels due to reduced risk of carbon starvation. Conversely, rising VPD could increase mortality by c. 5.6% because of increasing risk of hydraulic failure.

Across all scenarios, seawater‐induced mortality was driven by hydraulic failure in the first 2 yr after seawater exposure began, with carbon starvation becoming more important in subsequent years. Changing CO2 and climate appear unlikely to have a significant impact on coastal tree mortality under rising sea levels.
OsTUB1 confers salt insensitivity by interacting with Kinesin13A to stabilize microtubules and ion transporters in rice
Authors: Chen Gaoming , Xuan Wei , Zhao Pingzhi , Yao Xiangmei , Peng Chao , Tian Yunlu , Ye Jian , Wang Baoxiang , He Jun , Chi Wenchao , Yu Jun , Ge Yuwei , Li Jin , Dai Zhaoyang , Xu Dayong , Wang Chunming , Wan Jianmin 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Although microtubule (MT) organization is known to be involved in response to salt stress, few tubulin genes have been identified that confer salt insensitivity in plants.

In this study, we identified a MT encoding gene, OsTUB1, that increased the survival rate of rice plants under salt stress by stabilizing MT organization and ion transporters. We found that OsTUB1 interacted with Kinesin13A protein, which was essential for OsTUB1‐regulated MT organization under salt stress.

Further molecular evidence revealed that a OsTUB1–Kinesin13A complex protected rice from salt stress by sustaining membrane‐localized Na+ transporter OsHKT1;5, a key regulator of ionic homeostasis.

Our results shed light on the function of tubulin and kinesin in regulating MT organization and stabilizing Na+ transporters and Na+ flux at the plasma membrane in rice. The identification of the OsTUB1–Kinesin13A complex provides novel genes for salt insensitivity rice breeding in areas with high soil salinity.
The moderating effect of care‐burden on formal caregiver's mental health during COVID‐19
Authors: Karni‐Efrati Ziv , Palgi Yuval , Greenblatt‐Kimron Lee , Bodner Ehud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHomecare organisations employ professionals (i.e. gerontologists, nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and social workers) to help their clients gain rights and supervise non‐professional formal caregivers. Formal caregivers, and especially those who work closely with impaired older people, are at greater risk of infecting or being infected by SARS‐Cov‐2 (COVID‐19). During the first waves of COVID‐19, older people were encouraged to stay home; and the care‐burden inflicted on their caregivers has increased.ObjectivesThis study examined formal caregiver's mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic, that is, the association between anxiety and depression symptoms and how care‐burden moderated this association.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey conducted in the home care services sector throughout Israel. A sample of 400 formal caregivers of older people (Mage = 47.7, SD = 13.8) completed a questionnaire regarding their levels of care‐burden, general anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms.ResultsA significant positive relationship was found between anxiety and depressive symptoms among formal caregivers. The level of care‐burden moderated this relationship, showing that caregivers with higher care‐burden demonstrated a stronger association between anxiety and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsProfessionals may use ADL/IADL as a practical index to assess care‐burden and the risk of mistreatment.Implications for PracticeFormal caregivers with higher care‐burden should get enhanced professional's support to reduce adverse mental health outcomes.
Development and impact of a clinical instructional video on self‐confidence in luxator use amongst dental undergraduates
Authors: Awad Zsumanna , Moore Richard , Zoltie Timothy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to develop a clinical instructional video to increase the self‐reported confidence levels of dental undergraduates in different aspects of using a luxator.MethodsDistribution of a questionnaire allowed fourth‐ and final‐year dental students (N = 165) at the University of Leeds to report their confidence in different aspects of luxator use. After the development and distribution of a clinical instructional video, student could evaluate the effectiveness of the video and report their confidence levels through a second questionnaire and focus group interviews. The pre‐ and post‐video questionnaire results were compared using descriptive statistics. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected through focus group interviews.ResultsThe response rate of completed questionnaires was 49% pre‐video (N = 82) and 29% post‐video (N = 49). The mean percentage of students who reported high confidence levels was lower before viewing the video (26.8%) than after (69.4%). The reasons behind reported confidence levels varied for each individual. The video was considered to be highly effective in allowing visualisation of technique and viewed as a valuable resource for revision. Whilst students perceived that the video had a positive impact on their self‐confidence, they still expressed need for small‐group practical teaching regarding luxators.ConclusionsThe utilisation of a clinical instructional video resource increased the self‐reported confidence levels of dental undergraduates in different aspects of using a luxator.
Comparing adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and syphilis infections and co‐infections in pregnancy
Authors: Felske Lindey R. , Castillo Eliana , Kuret Verena , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile maternal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy have been extensively studied, fewer studies have directly compared the associations of different infections and co‐infections or investigated the association between STIs in pregnancy and maternal outcomes.ObjectivesWe examine associations between STIs and co‐infections in pregnancy on risks of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.MethodsData from the 2019 US natality files (n = 3,747,882) were used to assess the associations between STIs in pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Five mutually exclusive STI groups were examined: a single chlamydia, syphilis, or gonorrhoeal infection, chlamydia and gonorrhoea co‐infection, and syphilis co‐infection (with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or both). Demographic and obstetric characteristics among each STI group were compared to those of an uninfected comparison group. Prevalence ratios (PR) of adverse neonatal outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age [SGA] births, and 5‐min APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration) score < 7) and maternal outcomes (gestational hypertension) by STI status were examined using log‐binomial regression.ResultsIncreased prevalence of preterm birth was apparent, especially among those with a syphilis infection (PR 1.19, 95% confidence intreval [CI] 1.10, 1.30 for single infections and PR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10, 1.57 for co‐infections). All STI groups, except gonorrhoea and chlamydia co‐infections, were associated with an increased prevalence of gestational hypertension, with the strongest association among those with syphilis co‐infections (PR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13, 1.76).ConclusionsAn increased prevalence was of preterm birth and low APGAR scores were associated with syphilis infection. Increased prevalence of GH among those with STIs warrants further investigation into the relationships and corresponding mechanisms of STIs in pregnancy on adverse maternal outcomes.
The ontology, origin, and impact of divisive public sector rules: A meta‐narrative review of the red tape and administrative burden literatures
Authors: Campbell Jesse W. , Pandey Sanjay K. , Arnesen Lars 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA rule is divisive when its legitimacy is contested and divisive rules are an enduring theme of public administration research. For over three decades, this research has been shaped by red tape theory, which conceptualizes divisive rules as those which consume an organization's resources but fail to advance its goals. Recently, however, the administrative burden framework, which prioritizes the impact of divisive rules on citizens and links their origins to political motives, has grown in popularity. We take stock of the last decade of research on red tape and administrative burden using the meta‐narrative review methodology. We identify five narratives within the two research traditions and discuss their distinct research questions, theoretical mechanisms, privileged actors, and rule assumptions, as well as their strengths, limitations, and practical implications. These insights are leveraged to analyze the origins, impact, and ontology of divisive public sector rules. We also raise research questions with cross‐cutting relevance to the red tape and administrative burden research traditions.
Comparing Online and Offline Political Support
Authors: Brandenberger Laurence , Casiraghi Giona , Andres Georges , Schweighofer Simon , Schweitzer Frank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDo politicians carry on their interpersonal relations online? We examine how online political support compares to offline support. We overlay two data sets on political support among members of the Swiss National Council to estimate the explanatory power of online endorsements on offline cosponsorship signatures among members, using a gHypEG network regression model. Whereas offline support behavior is driven by a broad range of factors, such as network and homophily effects, endorsement is less diverse. Our findings show that online endorsement is predominantly driven by partisanship and does not mirror the richness found in offline support behavior.
Microinjections with hyaluronic acid in combination with glycerol: How do they influence biophysical viscoelastic skin properties?
Authors: Kleine‐Börger Linda , Hofmann Matthias , Kerscher Martina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin quality improvement with hyaluronic acid microinjections is increasing as a clinical treatment indication and as a scientific issue. This present study assessed changes in biomechanical viscoelastic skin properties after microinjections with the skin quality booster CPM‐HA20G (Belotero Revive).Materials and methodsFifteen subjects have been randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either three treatments (total 3 ml per side) or a single‐dose treatment (total 1.5 ml per side) with CPM‐HA20G at dermal level into the lower cheeks via microinjections. Treatments were provided 4 weeks apart. Biophysical measurements were performed describing the viscoelastic skin properties and the underlying skin structure. The measurements were performed before injection (week 0) and on follow‐up visits 4, 8, 16, 24, and 36 weeks after the last injection treatment.ResultsOne (p = 0.028) as well as three (p = 0.003) consecutive treatments with CPM‐HA20G improved statistically significant skin firmness (R0). For the multiple‐treatment group improved significant differences were observed for skin fatigue (R3; p = 0.007) and skin density (p = 0.017) with stable skin thickness levels (p > 0.05), too. There were zero‐to‐weak correlations between skin thickness and biomechanical skin properties (R0, rs = 0.084; R3, rs = 0.093).ConclusionOverall, microinjections with CPM‐HA20G improved biomechanical viscoelastic skin properties with a stronger and more pronounced effect in the multiple‐treatment group. The observed changes may explain some of the skin quality improvements observed after treatment with CPM‐HA20G.
Identifying the neural basis for rosacea using positron emission tomography‐computed tomography cerebral functional imaging analysis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Yunyi , Xu Yingna , Guo Zhe , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Yang , Tang Lijun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe neural basis of rosacea is not well understood. This study aimed to determine whether cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) changes on 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans can detect functional network changes in specific brain areas in patients with rosacea.Materials and methodsEight adults with rosacea and 10 age/sex‐matched healthy adults (controls) were enrolled in the study. 18F‐FDG PET/CT brain images for all eight patients and whole‐body images for two of the patients were analyzed qualitatively and semi‐quantitatively. Differences between the study groups were examined using Fischer's exact test and a Student's t‐test. A voxel‐based analysis using statistical parametric mapping was performed to compare the brain metabolism of the patients with that of the controls.ResultsCompared with the controls, the patients with rosacea showed extensive changes in the CGM signals in the cerebral cortex and limbic system, with less CGM shown in the right superior parietal lobule, right postcentral gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and lateral posterior thalamic nucleus and more CGM in the right precentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and cerebellar tonsil. No dysmetabolic lesions were found in the whole‐body 18F‐FDG PET/CT images.ConclusionSpecific neural functional changes occur in patients with rosacea that may explain its pathogenesis.