bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyimide aerogels for ballistic impact protection
Authors: Malakooti Sadeq , Vivod Stephanie L. , Pereira Michael , Ruggeri Charles R. , Revilock Duane M. , Zhang Runyu , Guo Haiquan , Scheiman Daniel A. , McCorkle Linda S. , Lu Hongbing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ballistic performance of edge-clamped monolithic polyimide aerogel blocks (12 mm thickness) has been studied through a series of impact tests using a helium-filled gas gun connected to a vacuum chamber and a spherical steel projectile (approximately 3 mm diameter) with an impact velocity range of 150–1300 m s−1. The aerogels had an average bulk density of 0.17 g cm−3 with high porosity of approximately 88%. The ballistic limit velocity of the aerogels was estimated to be in the range of 175–179 m s−1. Moreover, the aerogels showed a robust ballistic energy absorption performance (e.g., at the impact velocity of 1283 m s−1 at least 18% of the impact energy was absorbed). At low impact velocities, the aerogels failed by ductile hole enlargement followed by a tensile failure. By contrast, at high impact velocities, the aerogels failed through an adiabatic shearing process. Given the substantially robust ballistic performance, the polyimide aerogels have a potential to combat multiple constraints such as cost, weight, and volume restrictions in aeronautical and aerospace applications with high blast resistance and ballistic performance requirements such as in stuffed Whipple shields for orbital debris containment application.
Protective effect of rosiglitazone on microscopic and oxidative stress parameters of ram sperm after freeze-thawing
Authors: Mehdipour Mahdieh , Daghigh-Kia Hossein , Najafi Abouzar , Mehdipour Zohreh , Mohammadi Hossein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on ram semen after cryopreservation on the quality of thawed sperm. Sperm motility, membrane functionality, viability, total abnormality, acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species production, ATP content and apoptotic features were assessed after thawing. Rosiglitazone at concentration of 60 µM resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) total motility, progressive motility and straight-line velocity. The percentages of average path velocity and curvilinear velocity were greater in the 60 µM group. Different concentrations of rosiglitazone did not have significant effects on amplitude of the lateral head displacement, linearity and straightness. The highest amounts of membrane functionality and mitochondrial activity after freeze-thawing were observed in groups containing 60 µM. By increasing the rosiglitazone level to 80 µM, no positive effect was observed in most of the evaluated parameters. The lowest ROS concentration was recorded in 60 µM rosiglitazone group (P < 0.05). The group containing 60 µM rosiglitazone also produced the lowest significant percentage of apoptosis-like changes and dead sperm. A greater (P < 0.05) percentage of acrosome integrity in frozen-thawed spermatozoa was observed in the 60 µM rosiglitazone group. There was no significant difference between 40 and 60 µM rosiglitazone in intact acrosome of ram thawed semen. The result showed that supplementation in ram semen extender with rosiglitazone had a positive role in the regulation of ram sperm motility and had strong protective effect on the sperm membrane and acrosome integrity.
A pretraining domain decomposition method using artificial neural networks to solve elliptic PDE boundary value problems
Authors: Seo Jeong-Kweon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeveloping methods of domain decomposition (DDM) has been widely studied in the field of numerical computation to estimate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs). Several case studies have also reported that it is feasible to use the domain decomposition approach for the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to solve PDEs. In this study, we devised a pretraining scheme called smoothing with a basis reconstruction process on the structure of ANNs and then implemented the classic concept of DDM. The pretraining process that is engaged at the beginning of the training epochs can make the approximation basis become well-posed on the domain so that the quality of the estimated solution is enhanced. We report that such a well-organized pretraining scheme may affect any NN-based PDE solvers as we can speed up the approximation, improve the solution’s smoothness, and so on. Numerical experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed DDM method on ANN for estimating solutions of PDEs. Results revealed that this method could be used as a tool for tasks in general machine learning.
Alhagi maurorum extract modulates quorum sensing genes and biofilm formation in Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Mirzaei Arezoo , Nasr Esfahani Bahram , Ghanadian Mustafa , Moghim Sharareh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. This study aims to investigate the anti-infective effect of Alhagi maurorum extract (AME), the traditional medicinal plant in the middle east, on the biofilm-forming P. mirabilis isolates. Hydroalcoholic extract and oil of A. maurorum were characterized by HPLC and GC–MS. The antiproliferative, anti-biofilm, and bactericidal activity of AME at various concentrations were assessed by turbidity, crystal violet binding, and agar well diffusion assays, respectively. The AME’s effect on adhesion and quorum sensing (QS) were investigated by in vitro adhesion assay on cell culture and agar overlay assay using Janthinobacterium lividum (ATCC 12472) as a biosensor strain. In addition, the expression level of selected genes involved in QS and biofilm regulation were determined by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Furthermore, the bladder phantom model was created to evaluate the assays and investigate the catheter’s calcium deposition. The most effective chemical compounds found in AME were tamarixetin, quercetin, and trans-anethole. Although AME did not inhibit swarming motility, it reduced biofilm production and exerted a concentration-dependent anti-adhesive and anti-QS activity against P. mirabilis. AME also downregulated the expression level of selected genes involved in biofilm formation and QS. This study showed that AME as a natural compound reduced biofilm formation of P. mirabilis by targeting virulence factor genes, quorum sensing, and other strategies that include preventing the adhesion of P. mirabilis to the cells. The results suggest that A. maurorum extract might have the potential to be considered for preventing UTIs caused by P. mirabilis.
Repeatability of radiographic assessments for feline hip dysplasia suggest consensus scores in radiology are more uncertain than commonly assumed
Authors: Ball Elisabeth , Uhlhorn Margareta , Eksell Per , Olsson Ulrika , Ohlsson Åsa , Low Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVariation in the diagnostic interpretation of radiographs is a well-recognised problem in human and veterinary medicine. One common solution is to create a ‘consensus’ score based on a majority or unanimous decision from multiple observers. While consensus approaches are generally assumed to improve diagnostic repeatability, the extent to which consensus scores are themselves repeatable has rarely been examined. Here we use repeated assessments by three radiologists of 196 hip radiographs from 98 cats within a health-screening programme to examine intra-observer, inter-observer, majority-consensus and unanimous-consensus repeatability scores for feline hip dysplasia. In line with other studies, intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability was moderate (63–71%), and related to the reference assessment and time taken to reach a decision. Consensus scores did show reduced variation between assessments compared to individuals, but consensus repeatability was far from perfect. Only 75% of majority consensus scores were in agreement between assessments, and based on Bayesian multinomial modelling we estimate that unanimous consensus scores can have repeatabilities as low as 83%. These results clearly show that consensus scores in radiology can have large uncertainties, and that future studies in both human and veterinary medicine need to include consensus-uncertainty estimates if we are to properly interpret radiological diagnoses and the extent to which consensus scores improve diagnostic accuracy.
Deep learning-based fully automatic segmentation of the maxillary sinus on cone-beam computed tomographic images
Authors: Choi Hanseung , Jeon Kug Jin , Kim Young Hyun , Ha Eun-Gyu , Lee Chena , Han Sang-Sun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe detection of maxillary sinus wall is important in dental fields such as implant surgery, tooth extraction, and odontogenic disease diagnosis. The accurate segmentation of the maxillary sinus is required as a cornerstone for diagnosis and treatment planning. This study proposes a deep learning-based method for fully automatic segmentation of the maxillary sinus, including clear or hazy states, on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. A model for segmentation of the maxillary sinuses was developed using U-Net, a convolutional neural network, and a total of 19,350 CBCT images were used from 90 maxillary sinuses (34 clear sinuses, 56 hazy sinuses). Post-processing to eliminate prediction errors of the U-Net segmentation results increased the accuracy. The average prediction results of U-Net were a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.9090 ± 0.1921 and a Hausdorff distance (HD) of 2.7013 ± 4.6154. After post-processing, the average results improved to a DSC of 0.9099 ± 0.1914 and an HD of 2.1470 ± 2.2790. The proposed deep learning model with post-processing showed good performance for clear and hazy maxillary sinus segmentation. This model has the potential to help dental clinicians with maxillary sinus segmentation, yielding equivalent accuracy in a variety of cases.
The diagnostic and triage accuracy of digital and online symptom checker tools: a systematic review
Authors: Wallace William , Chan Calvin , Chidambaram Swathikan , Hanna Lydia , Iqbal Fahad Mujtaba , Acharya Amish , Normahani Pasha , Ashrafian Hutan , Markar Sheraz R. , Sounderajah Viknesh , Darzi Ara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDigital and online symptom checkers are an increasingly adopted class of health technologies that enable patients to input their symptoms and biodata to produce a set of likely diagnoses and associated triage advice. However, concerns regarding the accuracy and safety of these symptom checkers have been raised. This systematic review evaluates the accuracy of symptom checkers in providing diagnoses and appropriate triage advice. MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched for studies that used either real or simulated patients to evaluate online or digital symptom checkers. The primary outcomes were the diagnostic and triage accuracy of the symptom checkers. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess study quality. Of the 177 studies retrieved, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Researchers evaluated the accuracy of symptom checkers using a variety of medical conditions, including ophthalmological conditions, inflammatory arthritides and HIV. A total of 50% of the studies recruited real patients, while the remainder used simulated cases. The diagnostic accuracy of the primary diagnosis was low across included studies (range: 19–37.9%) and varied between individual symptom checkers, despite consistent symptom data input. Triage accuracy (range: 48.8–90.1%) was typically higher than diagnostic accuracy. Overall, the diagnostic and triage accuracy of symptom checkers are variable and of low accuracy. Given the increasing push towards adopting this class of technologies across numerous health systems, this study demonstrates that reliance upon symptom checkers could pose significant patient safety hazards. Large-scale primary studies, based upon real-world data, are warranted to demonstrate the adequate performance of these technologies in a manner that is non-inferior to current best practices. Moreover, an urgent assessment of how these systems are regulated and implemented is required.
Controlling amyloid formation of intrinsically disordered proteins and peptides: slowing down or speeding up?
Authors: Xu Yong , Maya-Martinez Roberto , Radford Sheena E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The pathological assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins/peptides (IDPs) into amyloid fibrils is associated with a range of human pathologies, including neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases and systemic amyloidosis. These debilitating disorders affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and the number of people affected is increasing sharply. However, the discovery of therapeutic agents has been immensely challenging largely because of (i) the diverse number of aggregation pathways and the multi-conformational and transient nature of the related proteins or peptides and (ii) the under-development of experimental pipelines for the identification of disease-modifying molecules and their mode-of-action. Here, we describe current approaches used in the search for small-molecule modulators able to control or arrest amyloid formation commencing from IDPs and review recently reported accelerators and inhibitors of amyloid formation for this class of proteins. We compare their targets, mode-of-action and effects on amyloid-associated cytotoxicity. Recent successes in the control of IDP-associated amyloid formation using small molecules highlight exciting possibilities for future intervention in protein-misfolding diseases, despite the challenges of targeting these highly dynamic precursors of amyloid assembly.
Day‐ahead unit commitment for hydro‐thermal coordination with high participation of wind power
Authors: Zuluaga Jorge , Murillo‐Sanchez Carlos E. , Moreno‐Chuquen Ricardo , Chamorro Harold R. , Sood Vijay K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe variability and uncertainty of renewable resources impose new challenges in the operational planning related to the unit commitment of generation units. The development of day‐ahead multi‐period optimal power flow, under integration of wind power, requires modelling of multiple scenarios in order to ensure an optimal power flow minimising the generation cost. A progressive hedging approach has been proposed and developed to solve efficiently the unit commitment problem as a two‐stage stochastic programming problem to update each stage in parallel. The performance of progressive hedging is compared with a standard mixed‐integer linear programming problem. The results indicate that the computation time is 50 times faster than standard mixed‐integer linear programming. The test case system is based on a reduced version of the interconnected Colombian system. The comparative results indicate an important reduction in computational time.
Rotation in stellar interiors: General formulation and an asteroseismic-calibrated transport by the Tayler instability
Authors: Eggenberger P. , Moyano F. D. , den Hartogh J. W. 
Published: August 2022

Context. Asteroseismic measurements of the internal rotation of evolved stars indicate that at least one unknown efficient angular momentum (AM) transport mechanism is needed in stellar radiative zones in addition to hydrodynamic transport processes.
Aims. We investigate the impact of AM transport by the magnetic Tayler instability as a possible candidate for such a missing physical mechanism.
Methods. We derived general equations for AM transport by the Tayler instability to be able to test different versions of the Tayler-Spruit (TS) dynamo by comparing rotational properties of these models with asteroseismic constraints available for sub-giant and red giant stars.
Results. These general equations highlight, in a simple way, the key role played by the adopted damping timescale of the azimuthal magnetic field on the efficiency of the resulting AM transport. Using this framework, we first show that the original TS dynamo provides an insufficient coupling in low-mass red giants that have a radiative core during the main sequence (MS), as was found previously for more massive stars that develop a convective core during the MS. We find that the core rotation rates of red giant branch (RGB) stars predicted by models computed with various prescriptions for the TS dynamo are nearly insensitive to the adopted initial rotation velocity. We then derived a new calibrated version of the original TS dynamo and find that the damping timescale adopted for the azimuthal field in the original TS dynamo has to be increased by a factor of about 200 to correctly reproduce the core rotation rates of stars on the RGB. This calibrated version predicts no correlation of the core rotation rates with the stellar mass for RGB stars in good agreement with asteroseismic observations. Moreover, it correctly reproduces the core rotation rates of clump stars similarly to a revised prescription proposed recently. Interestingly, this new calibrated version of the TS dynamo is found to be in slightly better agreement with the core rotation rates of sub-giant stars, while simultaneously better accounting for the evolution of the core rotation rates along the RGB compared to the revised dynamo version. These results were obtained with both the Geneva and the MESA stellar evolution codes.
Surface brightness-colour relations of dwarf stars from detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Graczyk D. , Pietrzyński G. , Galan C. , Southworth J. , Gieren W. , Kałuszyński M. , Zgirski B. , Gallenne A. , Górski M. , Hajdu G. , Karczmarek P. , Kervella P. , Maxted P. F. L. , Nardetto N. , Narloch W. , Pilecki B. , Pych W. , Rojas Garcia G. , Storm J. , Suchomska K. , Taormina M. , Wielgórski P. 
Published: August 2022

Aims. Surface brightness – colour relations (SBCRs) are very useful tools for predicting the angular diameters of stars. They offer the possibility to calculate very precise spectrophotometric distances by the eclipsing binary method or the Baade-Wesselink method. Double-lined Detached Eclipsing Binary stars (SB2 DEBs) with precisely known trigonometric parallaxes allow for a calibration of SBCRs with unprecedented precision. In order to improve such calibrations, it is important to enlarge the calibration sample of suitable eclipsing binaries with very precisely determined physical parameters.
Methods. We carefully chose a sample of ten SB2 DEBs in the solar neighbourhood which contain inactive main-sequence components. The components have spectral types from early A to early K. All systems have high-precision parallaxes from the Gaia mission. We analysed high precision ground- and space-based photometry simultaneously with the radial velocity curves derived from HARPS spectra. We used spectral disentangling to obtain the individual spectra of the components and used these to derive precise atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances. For almost all components, we derived precise surface temperatures and metallicities.
Results. We derived absolute dimensions for 20 stars with an average precision of 0.2% and 0.5% for masses and radii, respectively. Three systems show slow apsidal motion. One system, HD 32129, is most likely a triple system with a much fainter K6V companion. Also three systems contain metallic-line components and show strong enhancements of barium and ittrium.
Conclusions. The components of all systems compare well to the SBCR derived before from the detached eclipsing binary stars. With a possible exception of HD 32129, they can be used to calibrate SBCRs with a precision better than 1% with available Gaia DR3 parallaxes.
Not Simply a Structural Problem: Psychological Determinants of
Headache in Patients with Tumors of the Sellar Region
Authors: Siegel Sonja , Schenk Thomas , Brabant Georg , Scholl Renata Carneiro , Buchfelder Michael , Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective Headache in patients with tumors of the sellar region (TSR) has
previously been attributed entirely to biomechanical causes. This study aimed to
investigate the influence of psychological determinants for the occurrence of
and disability due to headaches in patients with TSR.
Methods This was a cross-sectional single-center study with a logistic
regression approach. Eighty-four patients (75%) with pituitary adenomas
and 28 with other TSR prior to first-time neurosurgery were investigated.
One-hundred and twelve patients received standardized questionnaires on
personality, headache characteristics, and disability due to headache.
Fifty-nine patients additionally filled in questionnaires about coping with
stress and pain catastrophizing. Separate logistic regression models were used
to predict the risk of headache occurrence and disability due to headache by
personality, stress coping, and pain catastrophizing.
Results Conscientiousness, neuroticism, and pain catastrophizing were
significant predictors of headache occurrence. The amount of explained variance
for both models predicting headache occurrence was comparable to that in primary
headache. Neuroticism, pain catastrophizing, and humor as a coping strategy
predicted disability due to headache with a high variance explanation of
20–40%.
Conclusion For the first time, we report data supporting a strong
psychological influence on headache and headache-related disability in patients
with TSR, which argue against purely mechanistic explanatory models. Physicians
treating patients with TSR and headaches should adopt an integrative diagnostic
and treatment approach, taking the biopsychosocial model of pain into
account.
Chemosaturation of the Liver – an Update
Authors: Ebel Sebastian , Struck Manuel Florian , van Boemmel Florian , Beeskow Anne Bettina , Gößmann Holger , Denecke Timm 
Published: August 2022

Background Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (CS-PHP) is a treatment option for primary and secondary liver neoplasms and subject of intensive research. This present article provides an overview of CS-PHP regarding patient safety, feasibility and effectiveness based on recent studies.
Method We performed a PubMed search including the search terms chemosaturation, hepatic chemosaturation, percutaneous perfusion and melphalan.
Results and conclusion CS-PHP is a promising procedure for the treatment of uveal melanoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma. There are insufficient data regarding the effectiveness of CS-PHP with respect to other tumor entities. Since CS-PHP can be accompanied by multiple transient side effects and complications, close interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary.
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