bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NVP QOL Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the self‐report measure of health‐related quality of life for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
Authors: Yamada Fukiko , Kataoka Yaeko , Minatani Mariko , Hada Ayako , Wakamatsu Mikiyo , Kitamura Toshinori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy Quality of Life (NVP QOL) Questionnaire is a self‐report measure of health‐related QOL for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. This study determines the best fitting factor structure for the NVP QOL Questionnaire and explores its measurement invariance in terms of observation time and parity.MethodsA test–retest study of pregnant women was conducted at Gestational Weeks (GWs) 10–13 (T1: N = 381) and 1 week later (T2: n = 128) at one hospital and five clinics with the NVP QOL and the Pregnancy‐Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to compare different factor structure models and evaluate measurement invariance of the best fitting model between two time points and between primiparas and multiparas. Concurrent validity of the NVP QOL was clarified by correlations with the PUQE, Sheehan Disability Scale, and other scales.ResultsThe one‐factor model had the best fit. This factor structure model was acceptable up to the factor invariance level for two time points and up to the factor mean level for primiparas versus multiparas. Correlations between NVP QOL, PUQE, and Sheehan Disability Scale scores were strong. Women with higher NVP QOL scores were more likely to lose weight, have lower daily fluid intake, have reduced fluid and food intake since pregnancy began, and receive outpatient or inpatient treatment.ConclusionThe one‐factor structure and measurement invariance of the NVP QOL at different times and parities were demonstrated, suggesting that the NVP QOL can be used to evaluate primiparas and multiparas in a longitudinal study.
Screening of mixing parameters based on their significance on the extent of silanization and energy consumption of silica‐filled S‐SBR elastomer compounds for fuel‐saving tyre application
Authors: Neethirajan Jeevanandham , Natarajan Tamil Selvan , Dayalan Sathish , Patel Bharat , Rajasekar V. , Kuriakose Job , Rama Krishnan S. , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreasingly stringent in demand for a fuel‐saving tyre with low rolling resistance, the application of silica filler is governing the tyre industry day by day. Unlike carbon black filled rubber compound, silica compound is rather complicated as it demands, a reactive mixing where, mixing parameters of internal mixer play a vital role in the degree of silanization reaction. In this paper, a design of experiments (DOE) is carried out to screen the factors that significantly affect the silanization reaction during mixing. Taguchi method with L18 orthogonal array is employed to determine the significance of mixing parameters on the degree of silanization reaction. To quantify the significance of each mixing parameter on silanization, such as mixing temperature, mixing time, fill factor, feed door condition, ram pressure, and temperature control unit of Banbury mixer are explored. Key properties like Tan δ at 60°C, reinforcement index, and Payne effect (∆G') are considered responses for the DOE. It was observed that the silanization temperature and time were the most influencing factor in silanization using the contribution plot. In contrast, ram pressure and feed door condition have the least significance on the degree of silanization.
Detonation Performance Experiments, Modeling, and Scaling Analysis for Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (PETN) High Explosive
Authors: Anderson Eric K. , Chiquete Carlos , Chicas Ritchie I. , Jackson Scott I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a commonly used high explosive (HE) for detonator, fusing, and booster assemblies. Despite its popularity, detailed detonation performance data is relatively sparse. The large operational density range of PETN requires a significant number of tests to characterize experimentally. Additionally, its short reaction zone requires test assemblies to be very small relative to other common explosives to quantify the effect of confinement and geometry on the explosive performance. In this study, PETN rate sticks and cylinder tests are fielded at the smallest known scales (3‐mm HE diameter) at a density of 1.65 g/cm3. The resulting data verifies that the flow satisfies continuum measurement at this scale, and analysis yields a Detonation Shock Dynamics (DSD) propagation law and Jones‐Wilkins‐Lee (JWL) product EOS for programmed burn detonation modeling. This work also provides the first recorded front shape measurements of PETN. Together with previously obtained data and models for other explosive densities, a scaling analysis is presented of the detonation performance of PETN for a wide range of explosive densities.
Synthesis and Research of Highly Efficient Polyether Demulsifier
Authors: Zhang Yingyu , Liu Hongcheng , Xia G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSeparation of oil and water has always been a top priority in the oil industry. In this study, bisphenol A phenolamine resin (BPA) was synthesized from bisphenol A, diethylenetriamine and formaldehyde. With KOH as a catalyst, the initiator, ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) were polycondensed into triblock polyethers with different molecular weights, and then crosslinked to increase the molecular weight. The target product was determined by 1HNMR and FT‐IR, and the synthesis process of triblock polyether demulsifier was optimized by changing the ratio of initiator to head PO, PO to EO and head PO to tail PO. Then, the important influential factors for the demulsification such as the demulsifier concentration, standing time, temperature, pH and Hydrophile‐lipophile balance (HLB) values were investigated. The results suggestted that the optimal synthesis ratio of BPA type triblock polyether demulsifier was as follows: initiator/PO=1 : 109, PO/EO=2 : 1, head PO/ tail PO=1 : 3. Under demulsification conditions, the dehydration temperature was 50 °C, the dosage was 75 mg ⋅ L−1, pH was 7.6 and HLB was 9.1, and the dehydration rate reached 92.5 % in 90 minutes. Compared with the existing demulsifier, the demulsifier has a lower demulsification temperature and higher demulsification efficiency. Therefore, it can be concluded that the polyether demulsifier has potential application for the crude oil dehydration, and the current work may be helpful to explore the demulsification development.
A Solvatochromic Fluorescent Probe for Solvent Polarity Detection Using a Smartphone
Authors: Deng Bing , Guo Feng , Duan Ning , Yang Shaoxiang , Tian Hongyu , Sun Baoguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA solvatochromic fluorescent probe (probe 1) with D‐π‐A molecular configuration was developed. Probe 1 exhibited excellent polarity sensitivity. The ET (30) value of solvents demonstrated a good linear relationship with the Stokes shift of probe 1 except for DMSO. Moreover, the linear correlation coefficient value reached 0.97. The probe demonstrated different colors based on the type of solvents. With the increase in solvent polarity, the color gradually changed from blue to earthy yellow. It has a linear functional relationship between the B value (Blue, the blue primary color of light in RGB) and ET (30) values of the solvent existed. It provided strong support for the rapid determination of solvent polarity. In addition, probe 1 can be used for the determination of alcohol levels in Baijiu by smartphone.
Single Image Capture of Bioactive Ion Crosstalk within Inter‐Organelle Membrane Contacts at Nanometer Resolution
Authors: Fang Guiqian , Chen Huimin , Shao Xintian , Wang Han , Zhan Dongxue , Wang Ran , Meng Peng , Fang Hongbao , Liu Fei , Ling Peixue , Wu Zhongyu , Diao Jiajie , Yao Qingqiang , Chen Qixin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRapid bioactive ion exchange is a form of communication that regulates a wide range of biological processes. Despite advances in super‐resolution optical microscopy, visualizing ion exchange remains challenging due to the extremely fast nature of these events. Here, a “converting a dynamic event into a static image construction” (CDtSC) strategy is developed that uses the color transformation of a single dichromatic molecular probe to visualize bioactive ion inter‐organelle exchange in live cells. As a proof of concept, a reactive sulfur species (RSS) is analyzed at the mitochondria‐lysosome contact sites (MLCs). A non‐toxic and sensitive probe based on coumarin‐hemicyanine structure is designed that responds to RSS localized in both mitochondria and lysosomes while fluorescing different colors. Using this probe, RSS give‐and‐take at MLCs is visualized, thus providing the first evidence that RSS is involved in inter‐organelle contacts and communication. Taken together, the CDtSC provides a strategy to visualize and analyze rapid inter‐organelle ion exchange events in live cells at nanometer resolution.
Preparation and Mechanisms of Compatible Composite from Water Soluble Starch and Polycaprolactone
Authors: Weng Fangqing , Li Lin , Wu Qiangxian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenerally, biodegradable composites from hydrophilic biomass such as starch and hydrophobic polymers show poor compatibility. In this work, Polycaprolactone (PCL) diol is used to synthesize PCL diol‐based polyurethane prepolymer (PCLPUP), and then the PCLPUP as a compatibilizer is mixed with water soluble starch and PCL in an intensive mixer for preparing compatible starch–PCL composites. Structural and morphological analyses show that the compatibility of the starch–PCL composite is significantly improved due to the existence of the PCLPUP interfacial layer. Consequently, the tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength of the composite are enhanced greatly. Through the thorough purification and separation of starch–PCL composites, it is found that the compatibility mechanism mainly comes from two aspects. On the one hand, during the melting reaction, the PCLPUP forms PCLPUP interfacial layer and coats the water soluble starch filler tightly through urethane linkages. On the other hand, the PCLPUP interfacial layer interacts strongly with the PCL polymer matrix through PCL–PCL crystallinity. Therefore the PCLPUP interfacial layer plays an important role in the improvement of the compatibility of the composite.
Thermoelectric properties of Cu‐Doped Heusler compound Fe2‐xCuxVAl
Authors: Jha Rajveer , Tsujii Naohito , Bourgès Cédric , Gao Weihong , Bauer Ernst , Mori Takao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated the effects on thermoelectric properties of Cu doping in Fe2‐xCuxVAl at Fe site of full‐Heusler type compound. It is found that the Cu doping for Fe sites causes a significant increase in the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient |S| and a decrease in thermal conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient (S)=‐148μV/K and the Power factor (PF)=4.0 mWK−2m−1 have been observed for Fe1.9Cu0.1VAl (x=0.1) at 300 K. To further improve it, we fixed the Cu doping level at x=0.1 in Fe2‐xCuxVAl and co‐doped the material with Si at Al site, namely, Fe1.9Cu0.1VAl1‐ySiy. The thermoelectric properties have been improved by Si doping to a certain limit. We observed a decrease in electrical resistivity and lattice thermal conductivity by Si doping for Al. The maximum power factor of 4.5 mWK−2m−1 has been achieved for Fe1.9Cu0.1Al0.9Si0.1 at 350 K. More precisely, the thermoelectric performance has been improved with co‐doping of Cu for Fe sites and Si for Al sites. The largest ZT value is 0.13 for Fe1.9Cu0.1VAl1‐ySiy (y=0.15). Magnetic susceptibility suggests that all the measured compounds are showing paramagnetic behavior. The magnetic character is the most pronounced in Fe1.9Cu0.1VAl among the materials investigated, pointing to a possible correlation between the magnetic character due to electronic correlation and the larger Seebeck coefficient in this sample.
Comparing, Choosing, and Combining Systems Mapping Methods
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores (i) a detailed but usable comparison of the system mapping methods in this book; (ii) how we might choose which ones are appropriate given our and our project’s needs, and the nature of the system we are working in; and (iii) how we might combine different sets of methods, both sequentially within a project, and in hybrid forms, to approach problems more holistically, and innovate methodologically.
Rich Pictures
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces readers to Rich Pictures and briefly to Soft Systems Methodology, the broader approach from which Rich Pictures emerged. It overviews what Rich Pictures are, how to use them and the steps in doing so, and the common issues and tricks and tips to overcome them. We also consider what Rich Pictures are good and bad at, give a brief overview of their history, and highlight resources and ways to get started.
Causal Loop Diagrams
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces Causal Loop Diagrams. We explore what exactly Causal Loop Diagrams are, describe how you can use them, take a step back to consider common issues and ‘tricks of the trade’, as well as present a brief history of the development of the method. This chapter can be viewed as a companion to Chap. 10.1007/978-3-031-01919-7_8 on System Dynamics; these two methods are closely related. Causal Loop Diagrams emerged from Systems Dynamics practice, and though it is a systems mapping method in its own right now, it is still often used as a stepping-stone to the development of System Dynamics models.
Participatory Systems Mapping
Authors: Barbrook-Johnson Pete , Penn Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces Participatory Systems Mapping, a method for building and analysing causal system models in groups, developed by us. The method uses tools from network analysis and focuses on chains of causal connections to develop meaningful and actionable insights with stakeholders. This chapter describes in detail what it is and how to use it, considers what it is good and bad at, as well as describes some of the history of its development. We also point to resources and tips for getting started with the method yourself.
Processes of Decision Making: Report from the Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Jürgensen Martina , Herzog Madeleine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes in some detail how complex family decision-making processes were made and how they have been and will be judged by families (members), both at the time of the illness and in retrospect. With one exception, all families said that the decision to conduct a BMT was not experienced as an option but as another step in the therapeutic process, to which there was no alternative. They felt they had no other choice. The decision to have family members typed and, if they match, use them as donors, was not interpreted as a “decision” either, but was considered a matter of course for the family members. Families preferred a sibling donor over an unrelated one. Parents felt that they needed to talk to the (potential) donor about the donation; the child was usually also “officially” asked whether she or he agreed to the donation. However, everyone knew that a negative answer to this question was not possible. In retrospect, only one family (out of 17) doubted that they had taken the right decision.
Deciding About Child Bone Marrow Donation – Procedural Moral Pitfalls
Authors: Henning Tim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on two morally significant procedural issues that arise in decisions about intra-family bone marrow donations. 1.) There is a danger of violating what moral philosophers refer to as the separateness of persons, and of viewing the children as mere “value receptacles.” 2.) There is a special danger to the child’s autonomy – the danger of using the burdens of autonomy to undermine autonomy. These dangers are described, and possible ways to avoid them are explored.
Mapping Responsibilities: Report from the Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Jürgensen Martina , Herzog Madeleine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne of the main themes emerging from the interviews with 17 families about their long-term experiences of bone marrow transplantation was the perception and distribution of responsibilities among the members of the family. Families reported that they felt it was a shared responsibility to help the sick child, and therefore considered donation a matter of course, even a family duty, which contributed to a dynamic differentiation of responsibilities among family members. Donors, for instance, acknowledged a responsibility for the success or failure of the transplant, and some said that their duty extended over time and included more transplants later in life. In retrospect, most donors valued their donation positively.
Responsibility, Care and Illness in Family Relationships
Authors: Ecarius Jutta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFamily as a relationship of cooperation and solidarity refers to responsibility and education between generations. Often, the intermingling of mutual responsibility of all family members and upbringing within a specific parent-child relationship is not at all obvious. But it is set in motion when a child falls ill with leukaemia and the sibling becomes a donor, because care of the sick child changes the family structure, and thus what parents understand by responsible action and the significance that education has. In the first section, I deal with education, responsible parenthood and family issues. The second part discusses family and illness. This is followed by an analysis of the Kirstein family from the Lübeck project on bone marrow donation between siblings, in which a child has been diagnosed with leukaemia. Finally, I work through the different dimensions of responsibility in education and family interaction in the family structure.
Theoretical Foundations of Reflective Equilibrium
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the theoretical foundations of the conception of reflective equilibrium that I adopt for the purpose of this book. According to this conception, reflective equilibrium is an imperfect procedural epistemology which is weakly foundationalist. I argue that there are six criteria that need to be met by an epistemic position to a sufficient degree in order to be in a state of reflective equilibrium.
Specifying the Method of Reflective Equilibrium: A Methodological Framework
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses how we can obtain an applicablemethodof reflective equilibrium based on the theoretical foundations described in the previous chapter. It describes a methodological framework which identifies the tasks one has to complete in order to apply reflective equilibrium, the methodological decisions one has to make in order to be able to address these tasks, and the challenges one faces when making these methodological decisions.
Justifying a Precautionary Principle with Reflective Equilibrium: Design of a Case Study
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the design of a case study for testing whether reflective equilibrium (RE) can be successfully applied. This includes defining the pragmatic-epistemic objective, specifying the RE criteria and the steps of the process of application, and identifying and describing the input of the RE application.
Case Study, Phase II: Focus on the Process of Adjustments
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the second phase of a case study in which reflective equilibrium is applied with the goal of justifying a precautionary principle. It focuses on how the RE criteria can be used to comparatively assess different candidate systems, i.e., theory choice, and to adjust commitments and system with respect to each other.
Results and Discussion: Justifying a Precautionary Principle as a Case Study for Reflective Equilibrium
Authors: Rechnitzer Tanja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the main points of the book and asks what we can learn for reflective equilibrium (RE) and its use as a method in philosophy. It highlights that (1) reflective equilibrium could be specified as an applicable method which puts real constraints on justification; and (2) applying reflective equilibrium as a method did contribute to the desiderata for justifying a precautionary principle. Taking a step back from the case study, the chapter argues that while RE can be specified as a method, it might often be more fruitful to adopt it as amethodology.
Introduction
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe twenty-first century has seen the concurrent rise of optimism about economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa and the return of the agricultural sector to the top of the development agenda. Ethiopia—with its rapid economic growth for two decades, achieved during a policy focus on the agricultural sector—is at the forefront of both these developments. This chapter introduces the book’s main theme of the role of agriculture in economic development, which is addressed based on a case study of Ethiopia.
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter sums up the main conclusions based on the book’s three main parts: the theoretical discussion on the role of agriculture in economic growth; the historical account of key aspects of the Ethiopian case study; and the empirical investigation of the relationship between agricultural and aggregate economic growth in Ethiopia during the rapid growth period in 2002–2010. The chapter also outlines some relevant areas of future research, based on the book’s research.
Multimodal Wearable System for Motor Rehabilitation: Usability and Acceptability
Authors: Perego Paolo , Sironi Roberto , Scagnoli Martina , Terraroli Maria , Standoli Carlo Emilio , Andreoni Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWearables are one of the most promising technology for easing the transition towards a personalized medicine, bringing healthcare and rehabilitation from hospitals to homes. Wearables inherently carries with them all the problems of small, portable devices and technologists. These problems could be related to the design phase as the real needs of the user are often not taken into consideration. This paper aims to describe the design and application of a new method for usability and acceptability evaluation of wearable devices, which can be applied after the first low fidelity prototype or and the end of development phase in order to evaluate how easy the system is to use, when comfortable and invasive, but above all if it reflects.