bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do hypokyphotic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Ponte osteotomy obtain a better clinical efficacy? A preliminary retrospective study
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Kai , Ji Tao , Ma Yuegang , Huang Hao , Zhou Ping , Wei Xianzhao , Chen Ziqiang , Bai Yushu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Study design
A retrospective case–control study.

Objective
To evaluate whether Ponte osteotomy improves thoracic kyphosis and to determine its clinical efficacy in hypokyphotic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods
Eighty consecutive Lenke type 1 AIS patients with hypokyphotic curves who underwent posterior spinal fusion by one spine surgeon at a single institution were recruited. According to whether Ponte osteotomy was performed, the patients were divided into two groups. The preoperative, immediate, one-year postoperative, and two-year postoperative radiographs were analyzed. The demographic characteristics, surgical information, radiographic parameters, Scoliosis Research Societye-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire, and complications were compared.

Results
The sagittal alignment and coronal alignment were both improved in the Ponte group and the control group postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the preoperative parameters between the two groups, except the TL/L, CB, and LL. Significant differences were found in the MT (15.18° ± 2.84° vs. 20.33° ± 3.75°, P < 0.001) and TK (24.23° ± 2.71° vs. 19.93° ± 2.38°, P < 0.001) at the two-year follow-up. The Ponte group had a longer operation time and more intraoperative blood loss. No significant difference was observed between the groups in the SRS-22 scores at the final follow-up.

Conclusions
Ponte osteotomy could obtain better coronal correction and sagittal contour restoration in AIS patients with hypokyphosis. However, Ponte osteotomies might lead to more intraoperative blood loss and longer operation time. Moreover, no discrepancy was found in the postoperative health-related quality of life of the included patients. Therefore, we considered that the Ponte osteotomy may be an alternative method to restore the desired thoracic kyphosis, which needs further study.
LncRNA Airn alleviates diabetic cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting activation of cardiac fibroblasts via a m6A-IMP2-p53 axis
Authors: Peng Tingwei , Liu Mingchuan , Hu Lang , Guo Dong , Wang Di , Qi Bingchao , Ren Gaotong , Hu Chenchen , Zhang Feng , Chun Hyung J. , Song Liqiang , Hu Jianqiang , Li Yan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac fibrosis is a leading cause of cardiac dysfunction in patients with diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Airn in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its underlying mechanism.

Methods
Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in mice by streptozotocin injection. An intramyocardial adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to manipulate Airn expression. The functional significance and underlying mechanisms in DCM fibrosis were investigated both in vitro and in vivo.

Results
Diabetic hearts showed a significant impairment in cardiac function, accompanied by obviously increased cardiac fibrosis. Interestingly, lncRNA Airn expression was significantly decreased in both diabetic hearts and high glucose (HG)-treated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). AAV-mediated Airn reconstitution prevented cardiac fibrosis and the development of DCM, while Airn knockdown induced cardiac fibrosis phenotyping DCM. As in vitro, Airn reversed HG-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, aberrant CFs proliferation and section of collagen I. In contrast, Airn knockdown mimicked a HG-induced CFs phenotype. Mechanistically, we identified that Airn exerts anti-fibrotic effects by directly binding to insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IMP2) and further prevents its ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Moreover, we revealed that Airn/IMP2 protected p53 mRNA from degradation in m6A manner, leading to CF cell cycle arrest and reduced cardiac fibrosis. As a result, ablation of p53 blunted the inhibitory effects of Airn on fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated for the first time that Airn prevented the development of cardiac fibrosis in diabetic heart via IMP2-p53 axis in an m6A dependent manner. LncRNA Airn could be a promising therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis in DCM.

Graphical abstract
Identification of risk variants related to malignant tumors in children with birth defects by whole genome sequencing
Authors: Liu Yichuan , Qu Hui-Qi , Chang Xiao , Mentch Frank D , Qiu Haijun , Nguyen Kenny , Wang Xiang , Saeidian Amir Hossein , Watson Deborah , Glessner Joseph , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Children with birth defects (BD) are more likely to develop cancer and the increased risk of cancer persists into adulthood. Prior population-based assessments have demonstrated that even non-chromosomal BDs are associated with at least two-fold increase of cancer risk. Identification of variants that are associated with malignant tumor in BD patients without chromosomal anomalies may improve our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and provide clues for early cancer detection in children with BD.

Methods
In this study, whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of blood-derived DNA for 1653 individuals without chromosomal anomalies were acquired from the Kids First Data Resource Center (DRC), including 541 BD probands with at least one type of malignant tumors, 767 BD probands without malignant tumor, and 345 healthy family members who are the parents or siblings of the probands. Recurrent variants exclusively seen in cancer patients were selected and mapped to their corresponding genomic regions. The targeted genes/non-coding RNAs were further reduced using random forest and forward feature selection (ffs) models.

Results
The filtered genes/non-coding RNAs, including variants in non-coding areas, showed enrichment in cancer-related pathways. To further support the validity of these variants, blood WGS data of additional 40 independent BD probands, including 25 patients with at least one type of cancers from unrelated projects, were acquired. The counts of variants of interest identified in the Kid First data showed clear deviation in the validation dataset between BD patients with cancer and without cancer. Furthermore, a deep learning model was built to assess the predictive abilities in the 40 patients using variants of interest identified in the Kids First cohort as feature vectors. The accuracies are ~ 75%, with the noteworthy observation that variants mapped to non-coding regions provided the highest accuracy (31 out of 40 patients were labeled correctly).

Conclusion
We present for the first time a panorama of genetic variants that are associated with cancers in non-chromosomal BD patients, implying that our approach may potentially serve for the early detection of malignant tumors in patients with BD.
The effect of building plan form on thermal comfort in the traditional residential patterns of the hot and dry climate of Qom
Authors: Taher Tolou Del Mohammad Sadegh , Bayat Susan , Zojaji Niloofar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Buildings should be constructed such that their energy efficiency is high in different climatic conditions while providing acceptable thermal comfort at the same time. Climatic and architectural incompatibilities will increase energy consumption to provide thermal comfort but have adverse effects, both economically and environmentally. Climatic design is the best and most effective way to maximize the use of renewable energy sources. Traditional Iranian houses have always exhibited this type of architecture and can provide suitable examples for design for contemporary architects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of building plan forms on the thermal comfort temperature in residential buildings with the help of traditional architectural patterns. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and has been conducted through case studies and simulation tests. Data collection has been undertaken through literature review and field observations. The houses in this study were classified based on their building plan form. Ecotect and EnergyPlus software were used for modeling and Climate Consultant software was used for climate analysis. Findings reveal that the Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) and the introverted plan forms are two significant factors in climatic design to provide thermal comfort in the hot and dry climate of Iran. Among the investigated models, results show that the one-sided form with northeast-southwest orientation and northeast placement has the most hours (2609 h per year) in the range of thermal comfort and the best plan form among the studied forms.
Alternative approaches to identify core bacteria in Fucus distichus microbiome and assess their distribution and host-specificity
Authors: Park Jungsoo , Davis Katherine , Lajoie Geneviève , Parfrey Laura Wegener 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Identifying meaningful ecological associations between host and components of the microbiome is challenging. This is especially true for hosts such as marine macroalgae where the taxonomic composition of the microbiome is highly diverse and variable in space and time. Identifying core taxa is one way forward but there are many methods and thresholds in use. This study leverages a large dataset of microbial communities associated with the widespread brown macroalga, Fucus distichus, across sites and years on one island in British Columbia, Canada. We compare three different methodological approaches to identify core taxa at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level from this dataset: (1) frequency analysis of taxa on F. distichus performed over the whole dataset, (2) indicator species analysis (IndVal) over the whole dataset that identifies frequent taxa that are enriched on F. distichus in comparison to the local environment, and (3) a two-step IndVal method that identifies taxa that are consistently enriched on F. distichus across sites and time points. We then investigated a F. distichus time-series dataset to see if those core taxa are seasonally consistent on another remote island in British Columbia, Canada. We then evaluate host-specificity of the identified F. distichus core ASVs using comparative data from 32 other macroalgal species sampled at one of the sites.

Results
We show that a handful of core ASVs are consistently identified by both frequency analysis and IndVal approaches with alternative definitions, although no ASVs were always present on F. distichus and IndVal identified a diverse array of F. distichus indicator taxa across sites on Calvert Island in multiple years. Frequency analysis captured a broader suit of taxa, while IndVal was better at identifying host-specific microbes. Finally, two-step IndVal identified hundreds of indicator ASVs for particular sites/timepoints but only 12 that were indicators in a majority (> 6 out of 11) of sites/timepoints. Ten of these ASVs were also indicators on Quadra Island, 250 km away. Many F. distichus-core ASVs are generally found on multiple macroalgal species, while a few ASVs are highly specific to F. distichus.

Conclusions
Different methodological approaches with variable set thresholds influence core identification, but a handful of core taxa are apparently identifiable as they are widespread and temporally associated with F. distichus and enriched in comparison to the environment. Moreover, we show that many of these core ASVs of F. distichus are found on multiple macroalgal hosts, indicating that most occupy a macroalgal generalist niche rather than forming highly specialized associations with F. distichus. Further studies should test whether macroalgal generalists or specialists are more likely to engage in biologically important exchanges with host.
Boundary Condition Effect On Photoacoustic Response Of Absorbing Liquid To Modulation Of Laser Intensity
Authors: Samokhin A.A. , Il’ichev N.N. , Ivochkin A.Yu. , Gulyamova E.S. 
Published: November 2022

The photoacoustic (PA) pressure response of the absorbing liquid (water, ethanol) with free and confined surface to laser pulse with modulated intensity is studied. Modulation amplitude of the PA signal demonstrates non-monotonous behavior during laser pulse action which can be explained as interference between thermo-acoustic and vaporization mechanisms of pressure generation. The phase behavior of modulated part of PA signal also gives important information on processes in the irradiated matter. Doppler photoacoustic monitoring (DPM) is used to determine surface movement during laser irradiation (wavelength – 2.94 um, pulse duration ~ 200-300 ns, fluence ~ 0.3-1.6 J/cm2). In the case of free surface this movement is possible into the upward and downward directions while for the constrained irradiated surface only one movement is supposed. This supposition is in agreement with the experiment. However the total behavior of PA response is more complicated due to probably vapor cavity formation between liquid and solid surfaces. In particular, despite the imposed constraint PA response behavior resembles the free surface case.
Leaves and barks of Albizia shade trees in tea plantation shows both insect attractant and pesticidal properties: a GC-MS based investigation
Authors: Ghosh Arindam , MAJUMDER SOUMYA , SAHA SUMEDHA , CHAKRABORTY SOURAV , BHATTACHARYA MALAY 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Ghosh A, Majumder S, Saha S, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya M. 2021. Leaves and bark of Albizia shade trees in tea plantation show both insect attractant and pesticidal properties: a GC-MS based investigation. Asian J Agric 5: 84-89. Tea is the major plantation crop of sub-Himalayan region. The bushes are grown under a partial canopy cover of leguminous plants to protect them from scorching sun rays. The shade plants are primarily beneficial but attract several pests. Metabolites present in four Albizia trees were detected by GC-MS, and insect attracting and/or repelling phytochemicals were pointed out. A total of thirty-two compounds exhibiting semiochemical properties were detected. 15.84%, 2.52%, 2.61% of semiochemicals are exclusively present in leaves of Albizia odoratissima, Albizia chinensis, and Albizia procera. While in bark 10.73% and 13.35% semiochemicals were exclusively present in Albizia odoratissima and Albizia lebbeck. A total of nine semiochemicals are exclusively present in AO, out of which seven semiochemicals viz., caryophyllene, epoxide; longiborneol; longifolene; methyl linolenate; methyl linoleate; methyl cis-jasmonate; tonalid are present in leaf and five semiochemicals viz. longiborneol; methyl cis-jasmonate; camphor; isopropyl myristate; tonalid are present in bark. A total of five semiochemicals viz. alpha-santalol; bisabolol oxide A; gamma-Sitosterol; glycidyl oleate (as oleic acid); oleoyl chloride (as oleic acid) are found exclusively in the bark of Albizia lebbeck. There were only three semiochemicals that were exclusively found in the leaf of AC, these were 2-decen-1-ol; cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methyl ethyl); acetophenone. In the leaf of AP, a total of five semiochemicals were found to be exclusive, these being dehydro-beta-ionone; oleamide; beta-amyrin; isopropyl linoleate; stigmasterol. GC-MS analysis explored metabolites from shade trees like caryophyllene, epoxide; beta-amyrin; 1, 8-cineol etc. which serve as both attractant and pesticidal components while compounds like longiborneol; longifolene; linalyl acetate, etc. are exclusively pest attractants and compounds like isopropyl myristate are exclusive pest repellants. This cumulative property of shade trees can be utilized to trap insect pests and destroy them with pesticidal activity. Isolation of these metabolites from shade trees, and their utilization as semiochemical/pheromone trap and green pesticides, will control pests by eco-friendly measures along with reducing the production cost.
Schlieren imaging and spectroscopic approximation of the rotational–vibrational temperatures of a microwave discharge igniter with a resonating cavity
Authors: Ikeda Yuji , Ofosu Joseph Ampadu 
Published: November 2022

A microwave discharge igniter (MDI) with a resonating cavity was developed and optimized for practical applications in an internal combustion engine. In contrast to the typical microwave ignition, the resonating cavity of the MDI induces a discharge through dielectric resonance. Its source of microwave (MW) is a 2.45 GHz semiconductor oscillator that is capable of numerous oscillation patterns. To verify and demonstrate the optimum ignition performance and combustion, we varied the oscillation parameters (signal factors) of the MW to optimize the performance of the MDI using the Taguchi method. Plasma spectroscopy was used for ignition condition analysis. Two sets of microwave pulses, a first pulse followed by a second set of pulse bursts, were used to ignite a propane–air fuel. The flame kernel growth rate and O I species generation were used as the response outputs, which were obtained, respectively from Schlieren imaging and emission spectroscopy experiments. The extended pulse periods and higher MW pulse numbers of the second set of pulses improved the response outputs of the MDI. To further analyze the effect of MW oscillation patterns on plasma properties and performance, measurements were done on MW superimposed operation with the high-voltage ignition from spark plugs. The MW transmission on a typical spark plug enhanced the air plasma ignition. Higher input MW energy and more extended MW pulse widths results in increased spectral intensity and radical generation of OH, O, and

N

2

. An inverse relation between the temperature and spectral intensity functions of the MW pulse width was observed, which was attributed to the cutoff density of the MW-enhanced plasma.
Small-sized, ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave oscillators at X-Ka bands
Authors: Li Jiang , Vahala Kerry 
Published: November 2022

Small-sized, ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave oscillators at 10, 20, 30, and 40 GHz are demonstrated using electro-optical frequency division. At 40 GHz, a record-low, to our knowledge, phase noise of

−

153

d
B
c

/

H
z

is achieved (10 kHz offset).
All-dielectric terahertz metasurface for linearly-polarized multichannel transmission and superposition states of spherical and vortex waves
Authors: Li Fuyu , Li Yuanxun , Tang Tingting , Lu Yongcheng , Liu Xinyan , Liao Yulong , Wen Qiye 
Published: November 2022

Compared to pure vortex waves, the superposition state of spherical waves and vortex waves has enough degrees of freedom to upgrade applications in particle manipulation, information encryption, and large-capacity communications. Here, we propose a new scheme to achieve superposition states and multichannel transmission of vortex and spherical waves. Two transmissive all-silicon metasurfaces that enable mutual interference between linearly polarized (LP) waves in the terahertz region are demonstrated. Type A can achieve interference between x and y polarized waves, while type B can achieve interference between x (or y) and x (or y) polarized waves. The multichannel transmission and superposition states of topological charges of +3, +2, and +4 are designed and demonstrated from theoretical, simulative, and experimental perspectives at 1.1 THz. In addition, the objective fact that the focused superposition state must be observed close to the focal plane is also revealed. The measured results are in good agreement with the theoretical and simulative results. This work provides an idea for the design of ultrathin terahertz devices and could be applied in the fields of information encryption and high-frequency communications.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety symptoms: Findings from the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (UAEHFS) cohort study
Authors: Al Blooshi Manal , Al Ameri Tamadher , Al Marri Maryam , Ahmad Amar , Leinberger-Jabari Andrea , Abdulle Abdishakur , Taimah Manal , Al Zaabi Thekra , Al Remeithi Khaloud , Al Hosani Ayesha , Sherman Scott , Ali Raghib 
Published: November 2022

Background
Significant concerns about mental health were raised during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among the participants of the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study (UAEHFS); a national cohort study. We further explored the change in the prevalence of depression symptoms among those with comparable pre-pandemic data.

Methods
A sample of UAEHFS participants were invited to complete a COVID-19 online questionnaire during the first wave of the pandemic. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) respectively. Unpaired analyses were done to examine the effect of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. Paired analysis was conducted to examine the change in depression symptoms.

Results
During the pandemic, we reported a prevalence of 32.8% (95% CI: 27.0, 39.1) for depression and 26.4% (95% CI: 21.0, 32.6) for anxiety symptoms. Younger people reported higher levels of depression (40.4%) and anxiety (34.5%) symptoms. Females reported higher levels of depression (36.5%) and anxiety (32.7%) symptoms. In paired analysis, the prevalence of depression symptoms during the pandemic was 34% (95% CI: 26.5, 42.4) compared to 29.9% (95% CI: 22.7, 38.1) before the pandemic. No statistically significant difference was observed, p-value = 0.440. Adjusted multivariate logistic regression models for PHQ-8 and GAD-7 during the pandemic showed that participants, who were experiencing flu-like symptoms, had higher odds of reporting depression symptoms compared to those without symptoms. Additionally, age was significantly negatively associated with anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions
Overall, we found that depression and anxiety symptoms were more prevalent among young people and females. However, we did not find a significant change in the prevalence of depression symptoms among those with comparable pre-pandemic data. Identifying vulnerable groups and understanding trajectories through longitudinal studies would help with planning for effective mental health interventions for the current and future pandemics.