bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Platelet Rich Plasma in Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Aftab Kanza , Iftikhar Nadia , Hussain Majid , Obaid Shanza , Zainab Zarnab , Mumtaz Maimoona 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To study the usefulness of platelet-rich plasma in patients of androgenetic alopecia at the Dermatology Department of Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Study Design: Case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2018 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: A total of 50 patients with androgenetic alopecia diagnosed by the consultant dermatologist were included in this study. Patients were administered platelet-rich plasma every four weeks for three sessions. Hair pull test and subjective improvement of patients (0-10) were used to see the treatment response.
Results: Out of 50 patients with androgenetic alopecia, 36 (72%) had satisfactory responses while 14 (28%) had not achieved the satisfactory response after the twelve-weeks treatment comprising of three sessions. The absence of comorbid medical illness and less age of the patients had a statistically significant relationship with the presence of satisfactory response in the study population (p-value 0.010 and 0.001).
Conclusion: A significant number of patients with androgenetic alopecia responded very well to platelet-rich plasma. Chances of achieving a satisfactory response increase if the patient is not having any comorbid medical illness and is less than the age of 40 years at the time of treatment.
Comparison Between Lignocaine Intravenous Lignocaine Infusion and Ketorolac in Reducing Postoperative Opioid Requirement in Upper Limb Surgeries
Authors: Khan Umer , Bajwa Saleem Pervaiz , Hussain Akhtar , Akram Muhammad , Ahmad Mirza Sijeel , Zafar Junaid 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the frequency of opioid requirement, after intravenous lignocaine infusion and ketorolac tromethamine in the upper limb surgeries.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Oct 2017 to Apr 2018.
Methodology: ASA I/II patients of either gender undergoing upper limb surgery were included. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups, “L” (Lignocaine) and “K” (Ketorolac). In L-group, patients were given intravenous 1.5 mg/kg lignocaine bolus, followed by 2.0 mg/kg/hr infusion during entire procedure; while in K-group, patients were given intravenous 0.5 mg/kg (maximum 30 mg) ketorolac, at induction. The patients were monitored for 12 hours postoperatively and in case of severe postoperative pain (Visual Analogue Scale score >5), rescue analgesia (intravenous Nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg) was provided.
Results: Total eighty patients were included in the study. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with age (p-value 0.823), gender (p-value 0.808) and ASA status (p-value 0.184). There was statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of opioid requirement at 1-hour (p-value 0.035), 6-hours (p-value 0.032) and 12-hours (p-value 0.035), with K-group showing more requirement as compared to the L-group.
Conclusion: Intraoperative administration of intravenous lignocaine infusion is superior to ketorolac in effective postoperative pain management in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries.
Clinical Presentation of Mild To Moderate COVID–19 Disease in Patients Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospital Pakistan
Authors: Ameer Khalid , Rafique Aisha , Abbas Sana , Burki Ahmed Mujadid Khan , Abbas Beenish 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To explore the clinical presentation of mild to moderate COVID-19 disease.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study
Place and Duration of Study: Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi from Mar 2020 to Aug 2020.
Methodology: Three hundred and ninety-two patients with mild to moderate illness, PCR positive for COVID 19 were included. Frequency of typical symptoms of COVID-19 disease cough, fever, sore throat and shortness of breath and trends in laboratory assays were recorded. Discharge Criteria was two consecutive negative PCR performed upon 7th and 8th day of admission, subsequently on the 11th and 12th day if found positive previously.
Results: A total of 392 patients were enrolled in the study with age range of 9-45 years. Out of 96 (24.5%) patients presented with cough and fever. Out of 112 (28.6%) patients complained of fatigue and myalgias. Chest x-ray had a bilateral patch in 96 (24.5%) patients and serum ferritin was raised in 96 (24.5%) patients. The coagulation profile was deranged in 64 (16.3%) patients. PCR results remained positive till 12th day in 80 (20.4%) patients.
Conclusion: Fever, Cough and sore throat and deranged biochemical, radiological and haematological markers prove multisystem implications of mild to moderate COVID-19 disease. PCR can remain positive till the 12th day and beyond in modest disease.
Can Patient Cooperation During Biometry Be A Predictor of The Type of Anesthesia For Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery
Authors: Abbas Hussnain , Rauf Abdul , Hamid Shahid , Perveen Shagufta , Hussain Irshad , Shahid Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess any association between the cooperation of patients during biometry and cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in order to predict the type of anesthesia for the subject surgery.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019.
Methodology: A total of 332 patients requiring cataract surgery by phacoemulsification were recruited from the Eye department of Combined Military Hospital Multan. Patient cooperation level was measured during A-scan biometry. The cooperation level of same patient, assessed during biometry was used to plan the type of anesthesia to be administered during cataract surgery by phacoemulsification.
Results: There were 209 male and 122 female patients with the mean age of 65.14 ± 0.57 years. A significant association was found between the cooperation of patient during biometry and cataract surgery by phacoemulsification appointments (p=0.02). A significant proportion of the patients 162 (81.4%) maintained their good cooperation during surgery. Out of the 133 patients, exhibiting poor cooperation during biometry procedure, 88 (66.3%) showed an improvement in their status by having good cooperation in surgery procedure.
Conclusion: In the light of favorable clinical observation, the cooperation of the patients at the biometry procedure may be considered as a significant predictor of the type of anesthesia to be administered during cataract surgery by phacoemulsification.
Clinico-Pathological Association of Haemoglobin At The Time of Presentation: A Predictive Tool of Survivorship in COVID-19
Authors: Warraich Imran Samee , Khan Irfan , Abid Muhammad , Fatima Sarah , Irshad Zareen , Hanif Saima 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the clinico-pathological association of haemoglobin at the time of presentation as a predictor of survivorship in patients suffering from COVID-19.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Hyderabad Pakistan, from Mar to Sep 2020.
Methodology: Two hundred and four patients who were symptomatic and PCR positive for COVID-19 were included in the study. Informed consent was taken from patients and approval from the institutional ethics committee was obtained. Haemoglobin values were analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: In our study, 186 (91.2%) patients survived the disease and 18 (8.8%) patients died. The mortality rate was high in patients who presented with low haemoglobin levels at time of presentation.
Conclusion: This study concluded that hemoglobin level at time of presentation could be a predictor of survivorship.
Evaluation of Speech Intelligibility And Factors Influencing Its Outcome in Patients with Tongue Reconstruction Using Radial Forearm Free Flap
Authors: Malik Sakina , Sarwar Saad Ur Rehman , Rashid Mamoon , Khan Muhammad Ibrahim , Qureshi Mehreen Masud , Khan Hala 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To study the speech outcomes in patients undergoing tongue reconstruction after tumour resection in terms of intelligibility and to examine the factors influencing the outcome.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Jan 2015 to Jan 2020.
Methodology: A total of 109 patients diagnosed with tongue cancer meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. All the participants underwent tumor resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (unless refused by the patients). Patients were followed for six months and then underwent speech evaluation via the Functional Intra-oral Glasgow Scale score and Likert scale.
Results: Thirty (27.5%) patients could be clearly understood at all the times, while 27 (24.8%) and 42 (38.5%) required some and frequent repetition, respectively. Nine (8.3%) patients could only be understood by close relations and one patient was completely unintelligible. Advancing age (p=0.01), male gender (p=0.01), tumour stage (p=0.004), presence of comorbidities (p=0.004) and degree of resection (p=0.004) had a significant statistical relationship with speech outcome. Addiction (p=0.32), adjuvant radiotherapy (p=0.97) and the development of complications (p=0.59) had no effect on speech.
Conclusion: The provision of a mobile reconstructed tongue gives speech intelligibility in a majority of the patients however, the degree of speech recovery is directly dependent on advanced age, disease stage, the presence of comorbidities and degree of resection.
Effects of Salbutamol and Furosemide in The Treatment of Transient Tachypnea of Newborn - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khushdil Arshad , Ahmed Zeeshan , Ahmed Madiha , Nazir Sajid , Waqar Talal 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess and compare the effect of Salbutamol and Furosemide therapy in the management of transient tachypnea of newborn.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (Registered with Clinical Trials.gov: NCT03208894).
Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi from Oct 2019 to May 2020.
Methodology: A total of 100 newborns were included in the study. They were divided into 4 groups. Group-A received nebulized 0.1ml Salbutamol. Group-B was given single intravenous dose of injection Furosemide at the dose of 2mg per kg. Group-C received both IV Furosemide and nebulized Salbutamol. Control group-D received only supportive care.
Results: There were 48 male babies and 52 female babies. The average gestational age was 38.8 ± 6.2 weeks and the average birth weight was 2558 ± 620 grams. Administration of both Salbutamol and IV Furosemide together (group-C) showed significant reduction in the mean duration of oxygen dependency compared to control-group (13.40 ± 3.342 vs 83.64 ± 68.546 hours respectively (p<0.001), as well as the need for mechanical ventilation. The mean duration of oxygen dependency in other two groups (A and B) were also reduced compared to control group, but the results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Salbutamol and Furosemide when given together tend to reduce the duration of oxygen dependency and need for invasive mechanical ventilation in babies with transient tachypnea of newborn.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Topical Olopatadine 0.1% Versus Ketotifen Fumarate in Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Abidin Farooq Ul , Sarfraz Muhammad Haroon , Javaid Hassaan , Khan Asfandyar , Khan Summaya , Javaid Haroon 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of topical Olopatadine 0.1% versus Ketotifen Fumarate among the patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis at Armed forces institute of ophthalmology.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: Patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis by consultant ophthalmologist fulfilling the exclusion/inclusion criteria were included in the study. They were divided into two groups by block randomization with group A receiving Olopatadine 0.1%, while group B just received the Ketotifen Fumarate. Symptoms were assessed on a symptom severity score upon diagnosis before the start of medication and then after 72 hours of treatment by a different consultant ophthalmologist who was unaware of the group of patients.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in each group. The mean age of the study participants was 30.944 ± 3.349 years. 148 (74%) patients were males while 52 (26%) were females. The difference in mean score of symptoms in group A was 5.76 ± 1.39 while in group B was 3.33 ± 2.51. Application of t-test revealed that topical Olopatadine 0.1% was superior to Ketotifen Fumarate in reducing the symptoms of acute allergic conjunctivitis on the third day of treatment (p-value<0.001).
Conclusion: Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis was the commonest type of allergic conjunctivitis seen in our study participants. Topical Olopatadine 0.1% emerged as a better treatment option when compared to Ketotifen Fumarate for immediate management of acute allergic conjunctivitis among patients managed at a tertiary...................
Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure-Outcome and Its Predictors in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shadab Rao Saad , Khan Muhammad Shoaib , Saeed Farrukh , Kazmi Syed Kumail Hasan , Siddiqi Fuad Ahmed , Din Rafi Ud 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the characteristics and outcome of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients being managed at PakEmirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gastroenterology at Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: In this study, 1559 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis were studied. Patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiac failure, dementia, and stroke were excluded. All the relevant features of each case were recorded in the proforma.
Results: Out of 1559 patients, 67 had Acute-on-chronic liver failure. The majority of patients who presented with acute-onchronic liver failure were in grade Ib (55%), followed by grade II (30%). Hepatitis C virus related liver cirrhosis was the commonest underlying liver disease (78.4%). Drugs were the commonest triggering factor (33%), followed by acute viral hepatitis (27%). However, a large number of patients had no identifiable cause (25.4%).
Conclusion: Acute-chronic-liver failure is common in patients presenting with acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis. Patients undergoing liver transplantation in the correct window period, have good prognosis.
Impact of Aqueous Neem Leave Extract on Erythromycin Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Jamshed Nausheen , Raza Iffat , Rasheed Aqiba , Jamshed Naureen , Akhtar Lubna , Rashid Nadia 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To examine the protective effect of aqueous neem leaves extract against damage induced by erythromycin on liver enzyme alkaline phosphatase.
Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department, Baqai Medical University, Karachi Pakistan, from Mar to Jun 2018.
Methodology: Eighty male albino wistar rats were taken and were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group-A served as a control group with no drug given. Group-B animals received the drug erythromycin 100 mg/kg body weight orally through gastric lavage. Group-C animals received erythromycin 100 mg/kg body weight and neem leaves extract in a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight orally through gastric lavage. Group-D received only neem extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight orally. After 14 days, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture and sent to laboratory for the investigation of alkaline phosphatase enzyme.
Results: The alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels of group-B (Erythromycin treated group) were found to be 176.98 ± 10.53 IU/L. When treated with aqueous neem leaves extract the alkaline phosphatase levels decreased to 150.10 ± 2.28 IU/L seen in group-C. The comparisons of group-B and group-C showed statistically significant (p<0.01), showing protective effect of aqueous neem leaves on hepatocytes.
Conclusion: Aqueous neem extract showed protective effect on erythromycin induced hepatic damage.
Effect of obestatin on pituitary gonadal axis, leptin and MDA levels in type 2 diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Latif Nadia , Rasul Amina , Ali Sajid , Mazloum Fauzia , Aleem Shoaib Bin , Farooq Amber 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To demonstrate the effect of Obestatin supplementation on oxidative stress and serum levels of testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and leptin in type 2 diabetic rats.
Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: Physiology Department, Army Medical College Rawalpindi from Mar-June 2015.
Methodology: Forty-five healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group-I (healthy rats) were fed with regular pellet diet (NPD). Group-II (diabetic rats) and group-III (Obestatin treated diabetic rats) were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) followed by a single IP injection of Streptozotocin in the dose of 35 mg/kg on 15th day. After ten weeks, group-III was treated with intraperitoneal Obestatin (1 nmol/100ml). Blood samples were obtained by terminal intra-cardiac sampling for bioassays of Insulin, testosterone, FSH, LH, MDA and leptin by ELISA.
Results: Obestatin supplementation in diabetic rats resulted in significant increase in FSH (9.4 ± 0.74 ng/dL), LH (3.89 ± 0.10 ng/dL) and testosterone levels (2.01 ± 0.09 ng/dL) in comparison with non-treated diabetic rats (7.04 ± 0.50 ng/dL), (1.70 ± 0.28 ng/dL) and (1.10 ± 0.40 ng/dL) respectively. Whereas leptin (3.91 ± 0.24 ng/dL) and MDA levels (1.75 ± 0.22 ng/dL) were reduced significantly when compared to the healthy rats (6.10 ± 1.29 ng/dL) and (1.96 ± 0.07 ng/dL) respectively.
Conclusion: Testosterone levels are increased by Obestatin supplementation in type 2 diabetic rats by stimulating the pituitary-gonadal axis due to a decrease in circulating leptin levels and oxidative stress.
Epidemiology of Celiac Disease in The Children Presenting at The Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
Authors: Lodhi Munir Akmal , Saleem Zeeshan , Ayub Amara , Munir Tehmina , Hassan Shamama 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the epidemiology of coeliac disease in the children presenting at the tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Apr 2015 to Jul 2016.
Methodology: Ninety-five consecutive children presenting with the suspicion of celiac disease were included in this study after taking written informed consent. A pre-designed proforma was used to record the patient's demographic details and the presenting complaints, laboratory, endoscopic and histological findings.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 6.48 ± 3.20 years and the majority 53 (55.8%) of the children, were aged between 5 to 10 years. Failure to thrive was the most frequent presenting complaint and was recorded in 53 (55.8%) children, followed by pallor (54.7%), chronic diarrhoea (34.7%), short stature (29.5%), pain abdomen (28.4%) and recurrent vomiting (6.3%). The patients' haemoglobin ranged from 5.3 g/dl to 12.8 g/dl with a mean of 8.81±1.24 g/dl. The serum Anti-tTG level ranged from 8.0 U/ml to 759.0 U/ml with a mean of 298.75 ± 225.51 U/ml. Upon endoscopy, atrophic mucosa was revealed in 60 (63.2%) children, while 24 (25.3%) children had normal mucosa. Partial villous atrophy was the most frequent histological diagnosis (37.9%). Normal duodenal mucosa was reported in 4 (4.2%) children, while 21 (22.1%) children had mild non-specific duodenitis. Frequency of pallor (p=0.025), anaemia (p=0.017) and complete villous atrophy on histology (p=0.004) were significantly higher in patients with higher anti-tTG levels.
Conclusion: Celiac disease has a diverse presentation for age, gender and clinical and biochemical markers.
Success Rate of Goniotomy in Terms of Intraocular Pressure Control in Pediatric Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Usman , Mahmood Muhammad Asif 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the success rate of goniotomy in terms of reduction in intraocular pressure.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, at Faisalabad Medical University/Allied Hospital Faisalabad from Apr 2016 to Aug 2017.
Methodology: A total of 65 patients were enrolled in our study. The patients with intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg and corneal diameter less than 13 millimetres were included. Intraocular pressure was measured before and four-weeks after goniotomy. Intraocular pressure measurement of less than 21 mm Hg four- weeks after surgery was considered successful.
Results: Out of 65 patients, 35 (53.8 %) were male, and 30 (46.2%) were female. The age of patients ranged from 3 months to 33 months, with a mean age of 15.25 ± 7.66 months. Among 65 patients operated for goniotomy, the procedure was found successful in 55 (84.6%) patients, and only 10 (15.4%) patients did not show improvement following goniotomy. The fall in intraocular pressure from baseline to post-operative values of intraocular pressure was statistically significant (p-value < 0.01).
Conclusions: Goniotomy is an effective procedure for lowering intraocular pressure in childhood glaucoma patients and can be offered as a primary and initial procedure at an early age.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) with Amniotic Fluid Index More Or Less than 5 in a Tertiary Care Setting In Pakistan
Authors: Shams Mehwish Ara , Amin Nabila , Syed Humna 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To explore the morbidity and mortality associated with preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes in the presence of amniotic fluid index (AFI) greater than or less than 5 in a tertiary care setting in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to Aug 2020.
Methodology: Data was collected from the patients presenting to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Pak emirates Military Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Maternal and child outcomes were compared with an amniotic fluid index of less than or more than five among the patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes.
Results: 1562 deliveries took place in our department, among them 73 (4.67%) cases were diagnosed as PPROM. Caesarean deliveries and the development of chorio-amnionitis were observed statistically significantly more with an amniotic fluid index <5 (p-value <0.001). Neonatal complications such as sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, jaundice and hypothermia were also significantly observed in the group with amniotic fluid index <5 (p-value <0.05). Neonatal mortality was also significantly higher in the group with an amniotic fluid index <5 (p-value: 0.004).
Conclusion: Preterm premature rupture of membranes was a relatively common finding among the patients managed at our labour unit. Such patients with an amniotic fluid index of less than five are at a high risk of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes.