bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Physical Exercise on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Inflammatory Markers in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hejazi Keyvan , Ferrari Filipe 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity among children as well as the beneficial effects of physical exercise (PE) on weight loss has been determined by modulating the secretory factors of adipose tissue. PE has also been shown to have beneficial effects on obesity.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of physical exercise (PE) on adiponectin and other important health markers in children.Data sourcesWe searched 6 electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 15, 2021. We used random-effects models to estimate weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Study selectionFourteen studies were included (N = 468 participants; mean age: 14 years).ResultsIn general, PE increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.91 µg/mL; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.55, p = 0.005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 1.01 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.69, p = 0.004), and VO2max (WMD: 2.52 mL.kg.min; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.62, p = 0.00,001). The levels of c-reactive protein (WMD: -0.37 mg/L; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.17, p = 0.0003), insulin (WMD: -4.61 μIU/ml; 95% CI, -5.46 to -3.76, p = 0.00,001), fasting glucose (WMD: -5.11 mg/dL; 95% CI, -7.88 to -2.34, p = 0.0003), and insulin resistance index (WMD: -1.44; 95% CI, -1.92 to -0.96, p = 0.00,001), decreased significantly.ConclusionOur study showed that PE may increase the level of adiponectin, HDL-C, and VO2max in children.
“Vitreous Hemorrhage and Long-Lasting Priapism After COVID-19 m-RNA Based Vaccine: A Case Report”
Authors: Casarini Barbara , Bruni Francesco , Rubino Pierangela , Mora Paolo 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To report a case of possible multi-district thromboembolic event involving the eye of a patient with several cardiovascular risk factors, following a second inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 m-RNA based vaccine. Case-report A 60-year-old man presented with blurred vision in the left eye lasting 1 month but started within 24 hours from the 2nd dose of BNT162b2 vaccine inoculation. He also reported a long-lasting but self-limiting priapism which started about 4 h after the vaccination. Patient's medical history included: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, treated with chemotherapy and HLA-identical sibling donor transplant 18 months earlier; subsequent cytomegalovirus posterior outer retinal necrosis (PORN) resolved with antiviral treatment; type II diabetes and erectile dysfunction. Ocular examination of the affected eye revealed vitreous hemorrhage which limited the observation of details of the fundus. After a 2-week follow-up without any clinical improvement, parsplana vitrectomy (PPV) with cataract extraction was performed. Surgical aspiration of a large preretinal hemorrhage revealed intraretinal flame-shaped hemorrhages and some cotton wool spots. Further intraoperative examination and post-operative fluorescein angiography excluded the rhegmatogenaous and the neovascular origin of the intraocular bleeding. Conclusions Due to the several predisposing factors such as diabetes, aspirin assumption, history of blood dyscrasia and infectious retinitis, the relationship between the acute intraocular bleeding and the BNT162b2 inoculation remains difficult to ascertain in this patient. However, the occurrence of lasting priapism and vitreous hemorrhage within 24 h from the vaccination is a critical event which deserves to be mentioned.
Dislocation risk after robotic arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty: a comparison of anterior, lateral and posterolateral approaches
Authors: Marcovigi Andrea , Sandoni Dario , Ciampalini Luigi , Perazzini Piergiuseppe , Zambianchi Francesco , Hozack William J , Catani Fabio 
Published: May 2022

Aims: Dislocation is a major cause of early failure after THA and is highly influenced by surgical approach and component positioning. Robotic-arm assisted arthroplasty has been developed in an attempt to improve component positioning and reduce postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of dislocation after robotic total hip arthroplasty through 3 different surgical approaches. Materials and methods: All patients who had undergone robotic arm-assisted THA at 3 centres between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed. After applying exclusion criteria, 1059 patients were included in the study. An anterior approach was used in 323 patients, a lateral approach in 394 and a posterior approach in 342 patients. Episodes of dislocation were recorded after 6 months follow-up. Stem anteversion, cup anteversion, cup inclination and combined anteversion were collected using the integrated navigation system. Cumulative incidence (CI), incidence rate (IR) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: 3 cases of dislocation (2 posterior approach, 1 anterior approach) were recorded, with a dislocation rate of 0.28% and an IR of 0.14%. The rate of placement of the cup in the Lewinnek safe zone was 82.2% for the posterior approach, 82.0% for the lateral approach and 95.4% for the anterior approach. The rate of placement in the combined version safe zone was 98.0% for the posterior approach, 73.0% for the lateral approach and 47.1% for the anterior approach. The incidence rate of dislocation was 0.30% for the anterior approach, 0.34% for the posterior approach and 0% for the lateral approach. Conclusions: The robotic arm-assisted technique is associated with a low risk of dislocation. The combined version technique appears to be a reliable way to reduce the risk of dislocation through the posterolateral approach but does not appear to be essential when using the lateral and anterior approaches.
Physician self-reported use of empathy during clinical practice
Authors: Comer Amber , Fettig Lyle , Bartlett Stephanie , D’Cruz Lynn , Umythachuk Nina 
Published: May 2022

Objectives The use of empathy during clinical practice is paramount to delivering quality patient care and is important for understanding patient concerns at both the cognitive and affective levels. This study sought to determine how and when physicians self-report the use of empathy when interacting with their patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 76 physicians working in a large urban hospital was conducted in August of 2017. Physicians were asked a series of questions with Likert scale responses as well as asked to respond to open-ended questions. Results All physicians self-report that they always (69%) or usually (29.3%) use empathic statements when engaging with patients. 93.1% of physicians believe that their colleagues always (20.7%) or usually (69%) use empathic statements when communicating with patients. Nearly one-third of physicians (33%) indicated that using the words “I understand” denotes an empathic statement. Although 36% of physicians reported that they would like to receive more training or assistance about how and when to use empathy during clinical practice. Significance of Results Despite the self-reported prevalent use of empathic statements, one-third of physicians indicate a desire for more training in what empathy means and when it should be used in a clinical setting. Additionally, nearly one-third of physicians in this study reported using responses that patients may not perceive as being empathic, even when intended to be empathic. This suggests that many physicians feel uncertain about a clinical skill they believe should be used in most, if not all, encounters.
Successful paraclavicular surgical decompression for recurrent venous thoracic outlet syndrome following transaxillary first rib resection in an elite athlete
Authors: Pesonen Luke O , Knol Meghan C , Kreimier Edward L , Jackson Miles W , Heidenreich Michael J , Aziz Abdulhameed 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Recurrent effort thrombosis after prior surgical intervention for venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is an uncommon problem, and there are multiple alternative surgical approaches in the management of recurrent venous TOS. Methods We present a case of a 23 year-old female professional athlete who presented with arm swelling, pain, and recurrent effort thrombosis after prior transaxillary rib resection. Imaging at our institution revealed subclavian vein thrombosis, confirmed with dynamic venography, as well as a remnant first rib. Results Thrombolysis of the subclavian vein and balloon angioplasty was followed by paraclavicular thoracic outlet decompression with complete first rib resection. Success was confirmed with intraoperative dynamic venography demonstrating a patent subclavian vein and resulted in complete elimination of symptoms. Conclusion Additional surgical decompression with complete medial first rib resection of remnant rib, which was potentially causing compression of the subclavian vein, may be necessary to prevent recurrent venous compression and thrombosis for venous TOS.
A COVID-19 outbreak among migrants in a hosting facility in Greece, April 2020
Authors: Mellou Kassiani , Gkolfinopoulou Kassiani , Andreopoulou Anastasia , Tsekou Aikaterini , Papadima Kalliopi , Stamoulis Konstantinos , Kossyvakis Athanasios , Mentis Andreas , Maltezou Helena C 
Published: May 2022

In April 2020, a coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak was identified among migrants/refugees in Greece. Overall, 155 of 450 hosted migrants and two of 46 employees were infected (attack rates: 34.4% and 4.3%, respectively). The mean age of infected migrants was 24.9 years (3 days-68 years). In addition, 177 community contacts were tested negative. Cases were cohorted in separate rooms from people tested negative. Surfaces were cleaned and disinfected daily. The implementation of measures for the containment of the outbreak was challenging due to language barriers and lack of space for cohorting. At that time, there was no official recommendation to the general population regarding the use of masks or other personal protective equipment. Extensive testing of vulnerable populations and building trust in order to report symptoms and comply with the recommendations are essential.
Evaluating Factors Associated With Continuous Glucose Monitoring Utilization With the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange Registry
Authors: Bailey Richard , Donthi Sriya , Markt Sarah , Drummond Colin , Cullen Jennifer 
Published: May 2022

Background: The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care recommends considering use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for insulin-managed diabetes mellitus (DM), but equitable access remains challenging. This study evaluates socioeconomic and demographic metrics associated with CGM use. Methods: RStudio 2021.09.1+372 was utilized to perform uni- and bivariable analysis, as well as binomial logistic regression modeling for categorical CGM use (yes/no) on the most recent cross-section from the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange (T1DX) Registry 2016-2018 cohort ( n = 22 418). Results: Compared with White Non-Hispanic participants, Black Non-Hispanic (OR = 0.45, CI = 0.36-0.57, P < 0.001) and American Indian/Alaskan Native individuals (OR = 0.33, CI = 0.14-0.70, P = 0.008) had lower odds of CGM use. Compared with private insurance, government insurance had reduced odds of CGM use (OR = 0.59, CI = 0.52-0.66, P < 0.001). Individuals earning $100,000 or more were twice as likely to use CGMs (OR = 2.06, CI = 1.75-2.45, P < 0.001) compared with those earning <$25,000 annually. Subgroup analysis based on income bracket demonstrated that government insured individuals earning <$25,000 annually were the least likely to use CGMs (OR = 0.44, CI = 0.32-0.61, P < 0.001), as compared with private insurance. Conclusions: T1DX Registry data demonstrate that CGM use follows the inverse care law, with health technology utilization inversely related to disease burden. Federal policies promoting CGM use in Medicare and Medicaid populations can facilitate the ADA’s recommendation for patients with insulin-managed diabetes mellitus.
Nine Years of Retrospective Study of Mandibular Fractures in Semi-urban Teaching Hospital, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Ghezta Narotam K. , Bhardwaj Yogesh , Ram Rangila , Parmar Monika , Basi Rowena N. , Thakur Pooja 
Published: May 2022

Study Design Retrospective study. Objective To evaluate current trends in maxillofacial trauma, a retrospective study of mandibular fractures at Government Dental College and Hospital Shimla H.P was carried out. Methods In this retrospective study, records of 910 patients with mandibular fractures were reviewed between 2007 and 2015 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery out of total 1656 facial fractures. These mandibular fractures were assessed according to age, sex, aetiology in addition to monthly and yearly distribution. Post-operative complications such as malocclusion, neurosensory disturbances and infection were recorded. Results It was observed that mandibular fractures were most frequent in males (67.5%) and in the age group of 21–30 years; accidental fall was the most common etiological factor (43.8%) in the present study and in stark difference to already published reports. The most common fracture site was that of condylar region 239 (26.2%). Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were done in 67.3% cases whereas 32.6% were managed by maxillomandibular fixation and circummandibular wiring. Miniplate osteosynthesis was the most favoured technique. The complication with ORIF was 16%. Conclusions To treat mandibular fractures, currently there are many techniques. However, in minimizing complications and in achieving satisfactory functional and aesthetic results experienced surgical team plays an important role.
Myosteatosis as an independent predictor of short-term mortality in successfully reperfused acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Bonatti Matteo , Lombardo Fabio , Valletta Riccardo , Comai Alessio , Petralia Benedetto , Avesani Giacomo , Franchini Enrica , Rossi Andrea , De Santis Nicoletta , Guerriero Massimo , Ferro Federica 
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose Poor clinical outcomes are still common in successfully reperfused acute ischemic stroke patients. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on neurological outcomes and mortality in successfully reperfused acute ischemic stroke patients. Materials and methods We included in our retrospective observational study 166 consecutive patients who underwent technically successful mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke between Jan 2016 and Dec 2019. ASPECTS and collateral score were assessed on pre-operative CT/CTA. Masseter muscles area and attenuation were measured on CTA images. Clinical and radiological variables were tested in multivariate logistic models to predict the probability of death and, among survivors, of incurring poor outcome. Results At admission, mean NIHSS was 19 (SD = 6.5), mean body mass index 25.5 (SD = 4.4) kg/m2, and mean ASPECTS 8.0 (SD = 1.9). Of all, 48.2% patients showed good collaterals, 38.5% intermediate collaterals, and 13.3% poor collaterals. Overall, 90 days mRS was ≤2 in 48.2% of the patients, 3–5 in 30.7%, and 6 in 21.1%. At multivariate logistic regression, age (OR = 1.08, p = 0.036), ASPECTS (OR = 0.59, p = 0.013), and masseter muscles attenuation (OR = 0.93, p = 0.010) were independent predictors of mortality, whereas sex (OR = 7.15, p = 0.043), age (OR = 1.05, p = 0.042), body mass index (OR = 1.35, p = 0.013), NIHSS (OR = 1.12, p = 0.012), and ASPECTS (OR = 0.64, p = 0.024) were independent predictors of poor neurological outcome (mRS 3–5). Conclusion Beyond other well-known variables, low masseter attenuation, indicating myosteatosis, represents an independent negative prognostic factor for 90 days mortality in patients successfully reperfused after anterior circulation stroke.
Researching COVID-19 in progressive MS requires a globally coordinated, multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach—perspectives from the International Progressive MS Alliance
Authors: Zaratin Paola , Banwell Brenda , Coetzee Timothy , Comi Giancarlo , Feinstein Anthony , Hyde Robert , Salvetti Marco , Smith Kathryn 
Published: May 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the importance of research for the health of our society and highlighted the need for stakeholders of the health research and care continuum to form a collaborative and interdependent ecosystem. Objective With the world still reeling from waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and adapting to the vaccine rollout at widely different rates, the International Progressive MS Alliance (hereafter Alliance) organized a meeting (April 2021) to consider how the Covid-19 pandemic impacts the health and well-being of people with progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods We invited the Alliance stakeholders and experts to present what they have learned about SARS-CoV-2 infection and progressive MS and to define future scientific priorities. Results The meeting highlighted three priorities for additional focus: (1) the impact of Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs) on the risk of COVID-19 and on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in people with progressive MS; (2) the long-term impact of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines on the biology of progressive MS; and (3) the impact on well-being of people with progressive MS. Conclusion This paper's calls to action could represent a path toward a shared research agenda. Multi-stakeholder and long-term investigations will be required to drive and evolve such an agenda.
Improving Food Insecurity Education in Medical School Through Integrative Service Learning
Authors: Rea Samantha , Jarodiya Jay , Berschback Madeline , Levine Diane 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has left more than 38% of households food insecure in the United States. Improved education of food security topics in medical school can improve screening for food insecurity and improve health outcomes. The first aim of this study was to address if participation in an experiential integrative service learning program improved medical students’ understanding of food insecurity. The second aim was to compare knowledge of food insecurity between the general body of medical students and those who participated in the service learning program. Methods This was a cohort study at a large medical school in southeast Michigan in 2019–2020. We administered the Food Insecurity for Health Professionals (FISHP) survey to medical student participants; higher scores on the FISHP survey suggest higher knowledge and comfort with food security topics. We administered online Qualtrics surveys to the volunteer group before and after volunteering 12 hours at an urban farm. We also administered a one-time survey to a control group of medical students. We performed univariable and bivariable statistical analyses with StataSE 16. The study was exempted by the institutional IRB. Results Medical students in the volunteer group (n = 18) and the control group (n = 66) completed online surveys. Participants in the volunteer group had increased knowledge of food security after volunteering in the service learning program (p = .03). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean FISHP scores for the control group and the volunteer group (p = .001). Conclusion Medical student participation in an experiential integrative service learning program improved knowledge of food security topics and increased comfort discussing food insecurity with patients, compared to students who did not participate. Experiential integrative service learning may improve holistic patient care through physician recognition of food insecurity and other social determinants of health.
Microstructures, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Pure Tungsten—A Comparison Between Selective Laser Melting and Hot Rolling
Authors: Wang Chong , Chen Daobing , Zhou Yan , Xie Zhuoming , Fang Qianfeng , Wen Shifeng , Yan Chunze 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA comparative study on the influence of different manufacturing methods (selective laser melting and hot rolling) on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal behaviours of tungsten (W) was presented for the first time. The results indicated that the selective laser melting (SLM) W exhibited a finer grain sizes, a lower strength ductility, hardness and thermal conductivity compared to hot-rolled W. The main reason for this result was that the laser underwent rapid heating and cooling when it was used to melt W powder with high energy density, resulting in large internal stress in the sample after manufacturing. Subsequently, the internal stress was released, leading to the generation of micro-cracks at the grain boundaries, thereby affecting the performance of SLM W samples. In addition, the higher fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) of SLM W was found to be the key factor for intrinsic brittleness. Because the HAGBs are the preferred crack paths, which could promote crack propagation and decrease fracture energy.
Establishment of Dynamic Model for Axle Box Bearing of High-Speed Trains Under Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Wang Baosen , Zhang Bin , Yang Shaopu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a dynamic model for the bearing rotor system of a high-speed train under variable speed conditions is established. In contrast to previous studies, the contact stress is simplified in the proposed model and the compensation balance excitation caused by the rotor mass eccentricity considered. The angle iteration method is used to overcome the challenge posed by the inability to determine the roller space position during bearing rotation. The simulation results show that the model accurately describes the dynamics of bearings under varying speed profiles that contain acceleration, deceleration, and speed oscillation stages. The order ratio spectrum of the bearing vibration signal indicates that both the single and multiple frequencies in the simulation results are consistent with the theoretical results. Experiments on bearings with outer and inner ring faults under various operating conditions are performed to verify the developed model.