bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Egyptian faculty members about voice care: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahmoud Nesreen Fathi , Khaled Dina Mohamed Fouad , Mohammed Hassnaa Othman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The university teaching faculty members are one of the occupational fields in education that are more exposed to voice disorders. The current study aimed to examine the association among vocal symptoms reported by faculty teaching professionals, impact of voice problems on daily activities, their vocal habits, and knowledge on vocal hygiene in relation to specialist consultation and to identify which of the assessed factors triggered the most for medical consultation. An online questionnaire was completed by 420 faculty teaching professionals from 7 universities in Egypt between November 2019 and December 2019.

Results
All assessed vocal symptoms were significantly associated with specialist consultation (p-value <0.01). Most common bad vocal habits included increased voice loudness (71.2%), talking for long time (69.3%), and frequent throat clearance (54.0%). The most commonly reported preventive measures included avoid screaming (88.3%), stop smoking (87.1%), and taking periods of voice rest (86.4%). The strongest predictor of having specialist consultation was frequent throat clearance, recording an odds ratio of 23.809.

Conclusion
Based on information obtained from the current study, ideas are suggested for setting up vocal hygiene programs throughout a professional voice career for keeping a healthy voice. Avoid passive smoking and using microphones are considered remarkable adequate methods for healthy voice.
Electro-Fenton treatment process for brewery wastewater: effects of oxidant concentration and reaction time on BOD and COD removal efficiency
Authors: Afolabi Oluwatosin A. , Adekalu Kenneth O. , Okunade David A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe brewing process consumes and releases a large amount of wastewater into the environment. The objective of this study was to determine optimum operating conditions for the treatment of brewery wastewater using the Electro-Fenton (EF) process. The EF process has been applied to a wide variety of pollutants due to its ability to remove complex and recalcitrant water contaminants. Brewery wastewater contains large amounts of biodegradable and non-biodegradable compounds which are suitable for the EF process. The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and reaction time (RT) on the biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of the EF process was investigated. The brewery wastewater with an initial BOD and COD of 423.76 mg/l and 854.86 mg/l respectively was subjected to changing H2O2 concentrations of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 mg/l and reaction times of 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Other conditions such as ferric-sulfate catalyst concentration, voltage, electrode spacing, and pH were maintained constant. The BOD and COD showed considerable changes after applying the EF process. Removal efficiencies for BOD and COD were significant (p < 0.05), up to 96.91% (423.76–13.04 mg/l) and up to 93.16% (854.86–58.5 mg/l), respectively. Results further showed increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and reaction time favored BOD and COD removal. The efficiency was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and graphical plot. The optimum BOD and COD removal of 88.96% (46.79 mg/l) and 93.16% (58.51 mg/l) was observed at 2000 mg/l hydrogen peroxide and 120 min reaction time. Optimized experimental conditions and performance have been discussed in the literature. The analysis of the treated wastewater shows that there is a significant reduction of BOD and COD compared with the raw wastewater. Therefore, it is suggested that the EF process be applied in the treatment of brewery wastewater for removing BOD, COD, and some other complex pollutants. The treated water can be reused or safely disposed into the environment.
Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: ASCO Guideline Endorsement of ASTRO Guideline
Authors: Schiff David , Messersmith Hans , Brastianos Priscilla K. , Brown Paul D. , Burri Stuart , Dunn Ian F. , Gaspar Laurie E. , Gondi Vinai , Jordan Justin T. , Maues Julia , Mohile Nimish , Redjal Navid , Stevens Glen H.J. , Sulman Erik P. , van den Bent Martin , Wallace H. James , Zadeh Gelareh , Vogelbaum Michael A. 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has developed a guideline on appropriate radiation therapy for brain metastases. ASCO has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing clinical practice guidelines that have been developed by other professional organizations. METHODS “Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline” 2 was reviewed for developmental rigor by methodologists. An ASCO Endorsement Panel subsequently reviewed the content and the recommendations. RESULTS The ASCO Endorsement Panel determined that the recommendations from the ASTRO guideline, published May 6, 2022, are clear, thorough, and based upon the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO endorses “Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline.” 2 RECOMMENDATIONS Within the guideline, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is recommended for patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 and up to four intact brain metastases, and conditionally recommended for patients with up to 10 intact brain metastases. The guideline provides detailed dosing and fractionation recommendations on the basis of the size of the metastases. For patients with resected brain metastases, radiation therapy (SRS or whole-brain radiation therapy [WBRT]) is recommended to improve intracranial disease control; if there are limited additional brain metastases, SRS is recommended over WBRT. For patients with favorable prognosis and brain metastases ineligible for surgery and/or SRS, WBRT is recommended with hippocampal avoidance where possible and the addition of memantine is recommended. For patients with brain metastases, limiting the single-fraction V12Gy to brain tissue to ≤ 10 cm3 is conditionally recommended. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/neurooncology-guidelines .
Financial Impact of Medically Integrated Pharmacy Interventions on Oral Oncolytic Prescriptions
Authors: Darling Julianne O. , Starkey Austin J. , Nubla Josh J. , Reff Michael J. 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE: As the utilization of oral cancer medications rises, it is vital that cancer centers track costs associated with these expensive medications. This research seeks to report the cost interventions associated with medically integrated pharmacies (MIPs) and mail-order pharmacies. METHODS: Data collection occurred from October 2016 through May 2021. Volunteers input data from their oncology practice into NCODA's Cost Avoidance and Waste Tracker tool, an innovative easy-to use tool that allows practices to document any cost saving interventions or waste occurrences. RESULTS: The Cost Avoidance and Waste Tracker tool was used by nearly 50 MIPs across the country. Specifically, 26 practices submitted cost avoidance data, and 37 practices tracked waste associated with oral oncolytic therapy. Among the 26 practices, 677 cost avoidance events led to a total cost avoidance of $7,057,053.73 US dollars (USD). The net cost avoidance for the MIP's was $6,510,971.28 USD compared with $546,082.45 USD for the external mail-order pharmacies. Among the 37 practices that reported waste, 768 events were reported, leading to a total drug waste of $11,275,642.16 USD. Of that, $8,935,612.15 USD was attributed waste from external mail-order pharmacies, whereas $2,429,592.01 USD worth of drug waste was reported from MIPs. CONCLUSION: Medically integrated dispensing of oral oncolytic therapies allows for increased pharmacy oversight, leading to increased cost avoidance and reduced waste for patients and third-party payers. Although these data are difficult to compare because of the complexity of workflows at different dispensing sites, the real-world financial differences between medically integrated dispensing and mail-order pharmacies appear to be significant.
Similarities in Calcium Oscillations Between Neonatal Mouse Islets and Mature Islets Exposed to Chronic Hyperglycemia
Authors: D’Angelo Cathleen V , West Hannah L , Whitticar Nicholas B , Corbin Kathryn L , Donovan Lauren M , Stiadle Benjamin I , Nunemaker Craig S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pulsatility is important to islet function. As islets mature into fully developed insulin-secreting micro-organs, their ability to produce oscillatory intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) patterns in response to glucose also matures. In this study, we measured [Ca2+]i using fluorescence imaging to characterize oscillations from neonatal mice on postnatal (PN) days 0, 4, and 12 in comparison to adult islets. Under substimulatory (3-mM) glucose levels, [Ca2+]i was low and quiescent for adult islets as expected, as well as for PN day 12 islets. In contrast, one-third of islets on PN day 0 and 4 displayed robust [Ca2+]i oscillations in low glucose. In stimulatory glucose (11 mM) conditions, oscillations were present on all neonatal days but differed from patterns in adults. By PN day 12, [Ca2+]i oscillations were approaching characteristics of fully developed islets. The immature response pattern of neonatal islets was due, at least in part, to differences in adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+-channel activity estimated by [Ca2+]i responses to KATP channel agents diazoxide and tolbutamide. Neonatal [Ca2+]i patterns were also strikingly similar to patterns observed in mature islets exposed to hyperglycemic conditions (20 mM glucose for 48 hours): elevated [Ca2+]i and oscillations in low glucose along with reduced pulse mass in high glucose. Since a hallmark of diabetic islets is dedifferentiation, we propose that diabetic islets display features of “reverse maturation,” demonstrating similar [Ca2+]i dynamics as neonatal islets. Pulsatility is thus an important emergent feature of neonatal islets. Our findings may provide insight into reversing β-cell dedifferentiation and to producing better functioning β cells from pluripotent stem cells.
The Intersection of Cellular and Systemic Metabolism: Metabolic Syndrome in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Terrell Morgan , Morel Laurence 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been reported in multiple cohorts of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, most likely as one of the consequences of autoimmune pathogenesis. Although MetS has been associated with inflammation, its consequences on the lupus immune system and on disease manifestations are largely unknown. The metabolism of immune cells is altered and overactivated in mouse models as well as in patients with SLE, and several metabolic inhibitors have shown therapeutic benefits. Here we review recent studies reporting these findings, as well as the effect of dietary interventions in clinical and preclinical studies of SLE. We also explore potential causal links between systemic and immunometabolism in the context of lupus, and the knowledge gap that needs to be addressed.
Nurses’ Priorities for Perioperative Research in Africa
Authors: Bedwell Gillian J. , Scribante Juan , Adane Tigist D. , Bila Judita , Chiura Caritas , Chizombwe Priscilla , Deen Betsy , Dodoli Lucy , Elfiky Mahmoud M. A. , Kolawole Ifeoluwapo , Makwaza Tina , M’Baluku Seleman Badrlie , Mogapi Gaone , Musee Christine , Mutua Dominic , Misganaw Worku , Nyirenda Jessy , Ojewale Lucia , Roda Uwayesu , Biccard Bruce M. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Mortality rates among surgical patients in Africa are double those of surgical patients in high-income countries. Internationally, there is a call to improve access to and safety of surgical and perioperative care. Perioperative research needs to be coordinated across Africa to positively impact perioperative mortality.

METHODS:
The aim of this study was to determine the top 10 perioperative research priorities for perioperative nurses in Africa, using a research priority-setting process. A Delphi technique with 4 rounds was used to establish consensus on the top 10 perioperative research priorities. In the first round, respondents submitted research priorities. Similar research priorities were amalgamated into single priorities when possible. In round 2, respondents ranked the priorities using a scale from 1 to 10 (of which 1 is the first/highest priority, and 10 is the last/lowest priority). The top 20 (of 31) were determined after round 2. In round 3, respondents ranked their top 10 priorities. The final round was an online discussion to reach consensus on the top 10 perioperative research priorities.

RESULTS:
A total of 17 perioperative nurses representing 12 African countries determined the top research priorities, which were: (1) strategies to translate and implement perioperative research into clinical practice in Africa, (2) creating a perioperative research culture and the tools, resources, and funding needed to conduct perioperative nursing research in Africa, (3) optimizing nurse-led postoperative pain management, (4) survey of operating theater and critical care resources, (5) perception of, and adherence to sterile field and aseptic techniques among surgeons in Africa (6) surgical staff burnout, (7) broad principles of infection control in surgical wards, (8) the role of interprofessional communication to promote clinical teamwork when caring for surgical patients, (9) effective implementation of the surgical safety checklist and measures of its impact, and (10) constituents of quality nursing care.

CONCLUSIONS:
These research priorities provide the structure for an intermediate-term research agenda for perioperative research in Africa.
Relationship Between Glottic View and Intubation Force During Macintosh and Airtraq Laryngoscopy and Intubation
Authors: Hindman Bradley J. , Dexter Franklin , Gadomski Benjamin C. , Puttlitz Christian M. 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
Because intubation-mediated cervical spine and spinal cord injury are likely determined by intubation force magnitude, understanding the determinants of intubation force magnitude is clinically relevant. With direct (Macintosh) laryngoscopy, when glottic view is less favorable, anesthesiologists apply greater force. We hypothesized that, when compared with direct (Macintosh) laryngoscopy, intubation force with an optical indirect laryngoscope (Airtraq) would be less dependent on glottic visualization.

METHODS:
Using data obtained in a prior clinical study, we tested whether the slope of the intubation force versus glottic view relationship differed between intubations performed in 14 patients who were intubated twice, once with a Macintosh and once with an Airtraq videolaryngoscope. Slopes were compared using least-squares linear regression and robust regression.

RESULTS:
The slope of the intubation force (N) versus glottic view (%) relationship with the Macintosh (−0.679 [standard error {SE}, 0.147]) was significantly more negative than that of the Airtraq (−0.076 [SE, 0.246]). The least-squares regression difference in slopes was −0.603 (SE, 0.287); P = .046. The robust regression difference in slopes was −0.747 (SE, 0.187); P = .0005. Thus, when compared with the Macintosh, intubation force magnitude with Airtraq laryngoscopy was less dependent on glottic visualization.

CONCLUSIONS:
Previously, we reported that intubation force with the Airtraq was less in magnitude compared with the Macintosh. Our current study adds that intubation force also is less dependent on glottic view with Airtraq compared with the Macintosh.
Gabapentinoid Use Is Associated With Reduced Occurrence of Hyperactive Delirium in Older Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Abe Hiroaki , Sumitani Masahiko , Matsui Hiroki , Inoue Reo , Konishi Mitsuru , Fushimi Kiyohide , Uchida Kanji , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
It is unclear whether gabapentinoids affect the development of delirium. We aimed to determine the association between gabapentinoid use and hyperactive delirium in older cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

METHODS:
We conducted propensity score-matched analyses using data from a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. We included cancer patients with pain ≥70 years of age undergoing chemotherapy between April 2016 and March 2018. Patients receiving gabapentinoids were matched with control patients using propensity scores. The primary outcome was occurrence of hyperactive delirium during hospitalization, and the secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, in-hospital fractures, and in-hospital mortality. Hyperactive delirium was identified by antipsychotic use or discharge diagnoses from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.

RESULTS:
Among 143,132 identified patients (59% men; mean age, 76.3 years), 14,174 (9.9%) received gabapentinoids and 128,958 (90.1%) did not (control group). After one-to-one propensity score matching, 14,173 patients were included in each group. The occurrence of hyperactive delirium was significantly lower (5.2% vs 8.5%; difference in percent, −3.2% [95% confidence interval, −3.8 to −2.6]; odds ratio, 0.60 [0.54–0.66]; P < .001), the median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (6 days [interquartile range, 3–15] vs 9 days [4–17]; subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.22 [1.19–1.25]; P < .001), and the occurrence of in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the gabapentinoid group than in the control group (1.3% vs 1.8%; difference in percent, −0.6% [−0.9 to −0.3]; odds ratio, 0.69 [0.57–0.83]; P < .001). Gabapentinoid use was not significantly associated with the occurrence of in-hospital fractures (0.2% vs 0.2%; difference in percent, 0.0% [−0.1 to 0.1]; odds ratio, 1.07 [0.65–1.76]; P = .799). The results of sensitivity analyses using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting were consistent with the results of the propensity score-matched analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggest that gabapentinoid use is associated with reduced hyperactive delirium in older cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, with no evidence of an increase in the fracture rate, length of hospital stay, or in-hospital death.
The Effect of Parental Loss on Social Mobility in Early Twentieth-Century Sweden
Authors: Dribe Martin , Debiasi Enrico , Eriksson Björn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Parents are assumed to play a crucial role in the socioeconomic attainment of children. Through investments of both time and resources, they promote the ability, human capital, networks, and motivation of their children to advance socially, or at least to maintain their social position. Consequently, losing a parent in childhood could be detrimental to adult socioeconomic outcomes. We use full-count linked census data and a comprehensive death register to study the effect of parental loss on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in Sweden during the first half of the twentieth century. We employ sibling fixed-effects models and the Spanish flu as an exogenous mortality shock to assess the importance of endogeneity bias in associations between parental loss and socioeconomic outcomes. Maternal death led to worse socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood in terms of occupational and class attainment, as well as for social mobility. The effects seem to be causal but the magnitudes were small. For paternal death, we find no consistent pattern, and in most models there was no effect on sons' socioeconomic outcomes. The patterns were similar for sons and daughters and do not support the theory that parental loss had important negative effects on socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood.
The Demographic Drivers of Grief and Memory After Genocide in Guatemala
Authors: Alburez-Gutierrez Diego 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mortality crises are relatively common demographic events, but we know little about how they affect local populations beyond excess mortality. I argue that using a kinship perspective to study mortality crises provides valuable insights into (1) how excess mortality affects the exposure to kin loss and (2) how family bereavement may contribute to the reproduction of historical memory in the long term. I explore these two processes using a unique genealogical database that records the complete demographic history of Rio Negro, a genocide-affected population in Guatemala, between 1982 and 2015. The analysis shows that deaths from the 1982 genocide were balanced by age, sex, and socioeconomic status. One third of the population were killed, but two thirds were left bereaved (the top 10% most affected individuals lost 30% of their nuclear family relatives and 23% of their extended family relatives). Notably, the proportion of the population related to a victim did not change between 1983 and 2015. The persistence of family bereavement can be interpreted as a prolongation of grief or as a driver of historical memory. These demographic dynamics have implications for the study of historical events beyond mortality crises.
The Reserve Army of Affectivity: Unemployed Labor in William Greaves's Psychodramatic Cinéma Vérité
Authors: Pittman Alex 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article offers a political reading of In the Company of Men (dir. William Greaves, US, 1969), an industrial human relations and training film that Newsweek magazine commissioned the renowned black American filmmaker William Greaves to make. Tasked by his sponsors with repairing communication between white factory foremen and black men who were labeled the hard-core unemployed, Greaves combines the documentary style of cinéma vérité with psychodrama, a group therapy method that uses theatrical techniques of role-play and reenactment to both reveal and treat social conflict. Situating psychodrama as both a gendered strategy of racial governance and a model of workplace training tied to the emerging social conditions of the deindustrializing United States, this article focuses on the labor performed by the unemployed black men within the therapeutic division of labor that Greaves's film indexes and reproduces. In doing so, it argues that Greaves's film not only documents contradictions of inclusion and recognition in the late 1960s, when the postwar ideology of racial liberalism was in decline, but it also anticipates the extractive racial politics of capitalism in the early twenty-first century, as people who have been consigned to the status of social and industrial excess are put into service for the emotional training of capital's managers.