bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Law to Policy and Practice – Collaborative Research Amidst a Pandemic: The Creation of the Bournemouth Protocol on Mass Grave Protection and Investigation
Authors: Klinkner Melanie , Smith Ellie 
Published: March 2022

How can mass graves be protected to safeguard truth and justice for survivors? This was the question motivating the research project to produce international protection and investigative standards for mass graves, which resulted in the creation of the Bournemouth Protocol on Mass Grave Protection and Investigation. The research was premised upon broad and inclusive stakeholder consultation to ensure suitability, completeness and sustainability of project outcomes as well as to generate acceptance, endorsement and implementation. To realise the project we used a combination of desk-based research, round-table discussion with expert-participants from a variety of disciplines and cultural backgrounds and anonymous external consultation.
In this paper, we reflect on the methods and processes used for the purpose of international standard setting based on legal norms. We discuss the choices made along the way in facilitating this cross-disciplinary, international, inclusive and collaborative project. In doing so, we explore the function of the research process in light of the need to ensure that the Protocol reflects the different and possibly conflicting needs and sensitivities of survivors vis-à-vis the demands of criminal justice, capacity, resources and scientifically robust practices. We outline the challenges experienced and anticipated in evaluating approaches, agreeing definitions, identifying commonalities, negotiating differences and adapting to Covid-19 as part of the process of translating legal norms into policy and practice for achieving effective impact.
TRANSPARÊNCIA DIGITAL NO ÂMBITO DA JUSTIÇA ELEITORAL: Uma análise do tribunal regional eleitoral do Tocantins
Authors: Brito Denilson Mariano de , Cançado Airton Cardoso 
Published: March 2022

O arcabouço da Justiça Eleitoral está firmado na Constituição Federal e na Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI). Deste modo, o trabalho questiona se o Portal da Transparência (PT) da Justiça Eleitoral tocantinense apresenta transparência nas informações que ficam à disposição do cidadão e se é de fácil compreensão o conteúdo da informação pesquisada pelo usuário. O trabalho utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A coleta de dados foi baseada nos resultados do questionário aplicado pelo CNJ. A escolha pelo método da Análise de Conteúdo se deu pela própria natureza interpretativa deste trabalho. Os resultados demonstram que a política de visibilidade implantada pelo TRE-TO tem se mostrado eficaz e eficiente, porém, ainda há possíveis aprimoramentos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Justiça Eleitoral; Lei de Acesso à Informação; Transparência; Portal da Transparência.
AS REDES SOCIAIS ON-LINE E A ORALIDADE COMO TRILHAS DE COMUNICAÇÃO PARA A PRODUÇÃO E REPRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Carvalho Pires Bruno Ricardo , Moraes Nelson Russo de 
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo contextualiza teoricamente a oralidade e as redes sociais on-line junto à produção e reprodução de conhecimento tradicional de comunidades tradicionais. Permeou-se fundamentalmente, abordagens históricas pelas áreas antropológica e sociológica para descrever os aspectos comunicacionais em questão, o que permite horizontalmente apresentar uma discussão sobre a relevância da preservação da cultura das comunidades tradicionais. Neste sentido, faz-se considerações sobre o nivel de importância da oralidade e das redes sociais on-line na realidade comunitária. O conteúdo ora apresentado foi extraído dos resultadas de pesquisa de nível de mestrado do Curso de Comunicação e Sociedade (PPGCOM/UFT) do ano 2020.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KACA SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN VOLUME PASIR DAN FLY ASH 20% SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI SEMEN DITINJAU DARI KUAT TEKAN DAN BERAT JENIS BETON DALAM LINGKUNGAN AGRESI SULFAT 5%
Authors: Taufiq Lilo Adi Sucipto Muharram Wijaya Kusuma, Ernawati Sri Sunarsih, 
Published: March 2022

<p class="16">Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui : (1) pengaruh variasi penggunaan limbah kaca sebagai pengganti pasir dan fly ash 20% sebagai bahan pengganti semen terhadap kuat tekan dan berat jenis beton pada lingkungan agresi sulfat 5%. (2) persentase penggunaan limbah kaca sebagai pengganti pasir yang optimal dan fly ash 20% sebagai bahan pengganti semen terhadap ketahanan beton dalam agresi sulfat 5% agar diperoleh kuat tekan beton maksimal dan diperoleh berat jenis beton yang normal. (3) ketahanan beton dengan bahan serbuk kaca sebagai pengganti pasir dan fly ash 20% sebagai pengganti sebagian semen dibandingkan dengan beton normal. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan mengukur hasil perlakuan pada sampel penelitian di Laboratorium. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah silinder berdiameter 150 mm dengan tinggi 300 mm sebanyak 48 buah sebagai benda uji kuat tekan dan 48 buah sebagai benda uji berat jenis. Variasi serbuk kaca dimulai dari beton normal 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40%. Pengujian kuat tekan menggunakan dasar SNI 1974:2011 dan berat<em> </em>jenis<em> </em>beton berdasarkan SNI 7656 – 2012. Masing-masing variasi berjumlah 4 buah sampel. <ins cite="mailto:user-pc" datetime="1900-00-00T00:00"> </ins>Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 21.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa : (1)Penggunaan limbah kaca sebagai pengganti pasir dan fly ash 20% sebagai bahan pengganti semen berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kuat tekan pada lingkungan agresi sulfat 5% dengan pengaruh dari serbuk kaca sebesar 73% dan berpengaruh negatif secara signifikan menurunkan berat jenis dengan besar pengaruh dari serbuk kaca sebesar 22,9%. (2)Persentase penggunaan limbah kaca sebagai pengganti pengganti pasir memiliki nilai optimal penambahan sebesar 18,44% terhadap ketahanan beton dalam agresi sulfat dan diperoleh kuat tekan beton maksimal sebesar 21,07MPa sedangkan pada hasil uji berat jenis beton didapatkan hasil yang normal pada setiap variasi. (3)Penambahan sebuk kaca 20% memiliki ketahanan yang lebih baik dari pada beton normal maupun beton dengan variasi lainnya dengan selisih kuat tekan dan berat jenis setelah perendaman beton dalam lingkungan agresi sulfat 5% masing-masing sebesar 0,32% dan 0,04%.</p>
Financial Hardships Caused by Out-of-Pocket Abortion Costs in Texas, 2018
Authors: Dickman Samuel L. , White Kari , Sierra Gracia , Grossman Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To identify financial hardships related to costs of obtaining abortion care in Texas, which has the highest uninsured rate in the United States and restricts insurance coverage for abortions. Methods. We surveyed patients seeking abortion at 12 Texas clinics in 2018 regarding costs and financial hardships related to abortion care. We compared mean out-of-pocket costs and the percentage reporting hardships across income and insurance categories. Results. Of 603 respondents, 42% were Latinx, 25% White, and 21% Black or African American, and most (62.0%) reported having low incomes (< 200% federal poverty level). Mean out-of-pocket costs were $634, which varied little across insurance groups. Patients with low incomes were more likely to obtain financial assistance from an abortion fund than were wealthier patients (12.3% vs 1.6%, respectively; P < .05). Financial hardships related to abortion costs were more common among uninsured (57.6%) and publicly insured (55.1%) patients than those with private insurance (48.2%). One in 5 (19.8%) uninsured respondents delayed buying food to pay for abortion care. Conclusions. Restrictions on insurance coverage for abortions result in high out-of-pocket costs and major financial hardships for most patients with low incomes in Texas. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(5):758–761. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306701 )
Trends in Hospital Care for Intentional Assault Gunshot Wounds Among Residents of Cook County, Illinois, 2018–2020
Authors: Feinglass Joe , Patel Tulsi R. , Rydland Kelsey , Sheehan Karen 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To examine gun violence with respect to hospital visits for treatment of intentional assault gunshot wounds (IGWs). Methods. IGW-coded visits among residents of Cook County, Illinois, were matched to census zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) to map changes in IGW visit frequencies between 2018 and 2020. Patient characteristics were compared across years, and Poisson regression models for the likelihood of an inpatient admission or in-hospital death were estimated. Results. Over the study period, Cook County residents made 7122 IGW-coded hospital visits to 89 Illinois hospitals, resulting in $342 million in charges and 24 894 hospital days. The number of visits almost doubled between 2018 and 2020, from 1553 to 3031; 6 ZCTAs had increases of more than 60 visits. Approximately one third of patients with a visit were admitted, and 6.5% died. Conclusions. Hospital statistics do not include the full toll of nonfatal gun injuries or the costs of related community-level trauma. The health care system remains crucial in implementing epidemiological approaches to violence prevention. Addressing the national spike in shootings will require large investments in community economic development and a professional public safety workforce. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(5):795–802. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306747 )
Objects in Mirror Are Closer Than They Appear: Symptoms of Depression and Suicidality in Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Stein Matthew K. , Fryhofer George W. , Blumenthal Sarah , Huang Vincent , Donegan Derek J. , Mehta Samir ,   the Behavior in Orthopaedics Over Mental Health (BOOM) Group
Published: March 2022

Background:
Suicide and depression among orthopaedic surgeons have recently emerged as rising concerns. Prior research has suggested that orthopaedic surgeons have the highest prevalence of suicide among surgical specialties. We sought to determine the factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation (SI) in orthopaedics, including subspecialty.

Methods:
A survey including demographic questions, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale was administered electronically via a listserv to the orthopaedic subspecialties of trauma, adult reconstruction, hand and upper extremity, shoulder and elbow, foot and ankle, spine, pediatrics, sports medicine, and oncology. The responses were quantified according to previously published criteria. The associations of demographic factors, training, and current practice environment with depression and suicidality were assessed using Fisher exact tests. Reverse stepwise multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify factors associated with depression and SI.

Results:
The responses were obtained from 661 board-certified, practicing orthopaedic surgeons. In this study, 156 surgeons (23.6%) endorsed some level of active SI in their lifetime, 200 surgeons (30.3%) reported either active or passive SI in their lifetime, and 33 surgeons (5%) reported that, on at least 1 occasion in their lifetime, they had experienced active SI with a specific plan and intention to harm themselves. Gender, relationship status, having children, and residency and/or current practice region were significantly associated with depression and/or SI. Younger age, divorce, adult reconstruction and foot and ankle subspecialties, and attending residency in the Western U.S. were found on multivariable testing to be associated with symptoms of depression and SI (odds ratios, 1.03 [per 1-year decrease in age] to 8.28).

Conclusions:
Symptoms of depression and suicidality are not uncommon among orthopaedic surgeons, and variation by gender, relationship status, and geographic location are supported by prior research. Based on our results, depression and/or SI likely affect someone close to you or someone with whom you work. The normalization of discussions surrounding emotional well-being, depression, and SI is imperative.
The ABBA project (Assess Better Before Access): a retrospective, cross-sectional study of neonatal intravascular device outcomes
Authors: Rens Matheus F.P.T. van , Bayoumi Mohammad A.A. , Hoogen Agnes van den , Francia Airene L.V. , Cabanillas Irian J. , Loon Fredericus H.J van , Spencer Timothy R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Vascular access devices (VADs) play a vital role within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, VAD-use is not without significant risks, with complications such as infection, thrombosis, device occlusion and infiltration/extravasation frequently contributing to device-related failures and increase the risk of significant patient harm or injury. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study in a large 112-bed NICU in Qatar that routinely collected intravenous device data from January 2016 to December 2018 was evaluated. The outcome of interest was to identify and evaluate the relationships between unmodifiable and potentially modifiable factors and Assess the situation and patients Better Before initiating vascular Access (ABBA), potentially reducing unwarranted complication rates leading to therapy failure within the neonatal setting.Results: During the study period, 23858 VADs were inserted. Of these, 89.3% were peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs). Infants who received a peripheral device were slightly older, with a median age of 8 (5) days, when compared to all infants receiving a central device, with a median age of 6 (4) days. Univariate logistic regression analyses identified 10 variables demonstrating significant relationships to device-related outcomes.Conclusions: Four subgroups of VAD were identified (peripheral intravenous catheters, extended dwell-peripheral intravenous devices, peripherally inserted central catheters and umbilical venous catheters). Central vascular access (peripherally inserted central catheters and umbilical venous catheters) had the least reported complications. Future research toward improving patient and intravenous therapy-related outcomes plays an important role. It requires a focus on innovations and clinical advancements in the world of neonatology and vascular access devices.
Hormone and transcript changes in a growing leaf and roots of wheat seedlings in response to water restriction
Authors: Ptošková Klára , Szecówka Marek , Jaworek Pavel , Tarkowská Danuše , Petřík Ivan , Pavlović Iva , Novák Ondřej , Thomas Stephen G. , Phillips Andrew L. , Hedden Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major source of nutrition globally, but yields can be seriously compromised by water limitation. Redistribution of growth between shoots and roots is a common response to drought, promoting plant survival, but reducing yield. Gibberellins (GAs) are necessary for shoot and root elongation, but roots maintain growth at lower GA concentrations compared with shoots, making GA a suitable hormone for mediating this growth redistribution. In this study, the effect of progressive drought on GA content was determined in the base of the 4th leaf and root tips of wheat seedlings, containing the growing regions, as well as in the remaining leaf and root tissues. In addition, the contents of other selected hormones known to be involved in stress responses were determined. Transcriptome analysis was performed on equivalent tissues and drought-associated differential expression was determined for hormone-related genes.ResultsAfter 5 days of applying progressive drought to 10-day old seedlings, the length of leaf 4 was reduced by 31% compared with watered seedlings and this was associated with significant decreases in the concentrations of bioactive GA1 and GA4 in the leaf base, as well as of their catabolites and precursors. Root length was unaffected by drought, while GA concentrations were slightly, but significantly higher in the tips of droughted roots compared with watered plants. Transcripts for the GA-inactivating gene TaGA2ox4 were elevated in the droughted leaf, while those for several GA-biosynthesis genes were reduced by drought, but mainly in the non-growing region. In response to drought the concentrations of abscisic acid, cis-zeatin and its riboside increased in all tissues, indole-acetic acid was unchanged, while trans-zeatin and riboside, jasmonate and salicylic acid concentrations were reduced.ConclusionsReduced leaf elongation and maintained root growth in wheat seedlings subjected to progressive drought were associated with attenuated and increased GA content, respectively, in the growing regions. Despite increased TaGA2ox4 expression, lower GA levels in the leaf base of droughted plants were due to reduced biosynthesis rather than increased catabolism. In contrast to GA, the other hormones analysed responded to drought similarly in the leaf and roots, indicating organ-specific differential regulation of GA metabolism in response to drought.
Climate Change Multi-Model Projections in CMIP6 Scenarios in Central Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Peng Shilei , Wang Chunying , Li Zhan , Mihara Kunihito , Kuramochi Kanta , Toma Yo , Hatano Ryusuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Simulating future climate changes (like temperature and rainfall) is critical for water resource management, disaster mitigation, and agricultural development. Based on the category-wise indicator method, two preferred Global Climate Models (GCMs) for the Ishikari River basin (IRB), the socio-economic center of Hokkaido, Japan, were examined from the newly released Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Climatic variables (maximum/minimum temperature and precipitation) were projected by the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM) under all shared socioeconomic pathway-representative concentration pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP4-3.4, SSP4-6.0, SSP5-3.4OS, and SSP5-8.5) in two phases: 2040–2069 (2040s) and 2070–2099 (2070s), with the period of 1985-2014 as the baseline. Predictors of SDSM were derived from CMIP6 GCMs and the reanalysis dataset NOAA-CIRES-DOE 20th Century Reanalysis V3 (20CRv3). Results showed that CMIP6 GCMs had a significant correlation with temperature measurements, but could not represent precipitation features in the IRB. The constructed SDSM could capture the characteristics of temperature and precipitation during the calibration (1985-1999) and validation (2000-2014) phases, respectively. The selected GCMs (MIROC6 and MRI-ESM-2.0) generated higher temperature and less rainfall in the forthcoming phases. The SSP-RCP scenarios had an apparent influence on temperature and precipitation. High-emission scenarios (like SSP5-8.5) would project a higher temperature and lower rainfall than the low-emission scenarios (like SSP1-1.9). Spatial-temporal analysis indicated that the northern part of the IRB is more likely to become warmer with heavier precipitation than the southern part in the future. Higher temperature and lower rainfall were projected during the late 21st century (2070s) than the mid-century (2040s) in the IRB.
Evaluation of Bone Repair After Periapical Surgeries Using Leukocyte Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) and Blood Clot: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Pessoa Thomaz Jefferson De Lemos , Gasparello Gil Guilherme , Ignácio Sérgio Aparecido , Carneiro Everdan , Pessoa Yassmine , Couto Douglas , Filho Odilon Guariza , Pes Rafael , Westphalen Vânia Portela Ditzel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the use of an autologous membrane of fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes (LPRF) and blood clot, in bone repair after periapical surgery, in teeth with apical lesions. Methodology: Randomized clinical study of 64 teeth with periapical lesions submitted to apicectomy and retrograde filling with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The teeth were divided into 2 groups according to the filling of the bone pocket: LPRF (n = 34) and only with blood clot (n = 30). The areas were measured twice, T0 after periapical surgery and T1 after 90 days, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess bone pocket repair in cubic millimeters using the ITK-SNAP program.
Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant reductions in the volume of bone stores in the LPRF group, with a 48.47% reduction compared to 29.25% for the blood clot group (p < 0.01), with the power of test at 99.86%. Conclusion: The use of LPRF membrane can be recommended as a bone site filler after periapical surgery compared to blood clot.
Affordable Artificial Intelligence-assisted Machine Supervision System for the Small and Medium-sized Manufacturers
Authors: Li Chen , Bian Shijie , Wu Tongzi , Donovan Richard P. , Li Bingbing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the rapid concurrent advance of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technology, manufacturing environments are being upgraded or equipped with smart and connected infrastructure that empower workers and supervisors to optimize manufacturing workflow and processes for improved energy efficiency, equipment reliability, quality, safety, and productivity. For many small and medium-sized manufacturers (SMMs) who heavily rely on people to supervise manufacturing processes and facilities, this presents a challenge of capital cost and complexity. This research aims to create an affordable, scalable, accessible, and portable (ASAP) solution to automate supervision of manufacturing processes. The proposed approach seeks to reduce the cost and complexity of smart manufacturing deployment for SMMs through deployment of consumer grade electronics and novel AI development methodology. The proposed system, AI-assisted Machine Supervision (AIMS), provides SMMs with two major subsystems: direct machine monitoring (DMM), and human-machine interaction monitoring (HIM). The AIMS system was evaluated and validated with a case study in 3D printing through the affordable AI accelerator solution of the vision processing unit (VPU).
Total Salivary Immunoglobulin A determination before and after Non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with Aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Ayettey-Adamafio MNB , Tormeti D , Vasco E , Ndanu TA , Nartey NO , Asamoah K , Kyei-Baafour E , Hewlett SA 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Aggressive periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease with rapid periodontal attachment and bone loss in healthy individuals. It exists as Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) and Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP). They raise total salivary immunoglobulin A(IgA) levels. This study aimed at determining IgA in AP patients compared with controls before and after non-surgical debridement.Materials and methods: Consented 37 Ghanaians aged 20-50 years were recruited. Questionnaire was used and periodontal examination was done with Orthopantomogram taken. Unstimulated saliva was collected before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Centrifuged Samples were stored at -800C. Human IgA ELISA kits were used to determine levels. Results: The mean concentration of total salivary IgA before treatment for the cases was 90.3 ± 33.1 (µg/ml) and controls was 92.0±29.4 (µg/ml). After treatment, the concentration of IgA among the cases was 90.5±31.7 (µg/ml) and controls was 84.6±31.7 (µg/ml). There was no significant difference in the mean IgA values between cases and controls as well as before and after treatment (P>0.05).Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the total salivary IgA levels in participants with AP and the control group before and after treatment. But there was a significant drop in the total IgA levels for the LAP participants after treatment.