bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Dual Studieren?“
Authors: Graßhoff Gunther 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag thematisiert die künftige Bedeutung des Dualen Studiums, indem er dessen Potenziale und Gefahren benennt. Eine wichtige Frage in diesem Zusammenhang ist, welche Rolle öffentlich finanzierte Hochschulen sowie die Präsenzlehre in der Zukunft haben werden.
A person-centered analysis of emotional-behavioral functioning profiles in adolescents: Associations with teacher autonomy support and growth mindset
Authors: Ma Yongfeng , Ma Chunhua , Lan Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnchored in the socio-ecological framework, the current study examined the association of teacher autonomy support with emotional-behavioral functioning profiles using a person-centered approach and investigated whether growth mindset and adolescents’ gender would moderate this association. To achieve these research objectives, this study involved 1741 adolescents (54.1% girls; Mage = 12.62; SD = 1.50) who were uniformly instructed to fill in a set of self-report questionnaires. Results based on latent profile analysis revealed four emotional-behavioral functioning profiles: primarily externalizing (6.2%), comorbid (32.9%), well-adjusted (53.7%), and high-risk (7.2%). Adolescents with high teacher autonomy support were more likely to be group members of the well-adjusted profile than the remaining three emotional-behavioral functioning profiles. Moreover, interaction analyses demonstrated that girls benefited more when teacher autonomy support and growth mindset were congruently high, whereas boys did not. The current findings suggest that teachers should be equipped with sufficient skills and training to maintain an autonomy-supportive classroom climate. Meanwhile, growth mindset intervention may develop into an integral part of the school’s activities to facilitate adolescents’ optimal emotional-behavioral functions, but distinctly gendered pathways for these activities should be carefully considered.
Effect of an internet-based intervention for adjustment disorder on meaning in life and enjoyment
Authors: Quero Soledad , Palau-Batet María , Tur Cintia , Mor Sonia , Campos Daniel , Rachyla Iryna , Grimaldos Jorge , Marco Jose H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Positive psychological variables, such as meaning in life and the capacity for enjoyment, are important resilience factors against negative behaviors and symptoms. These constructs are related to better emotional regulation strategies, a greater perception of control over one’s life, and better mental health in general. Adjustment disorder (AjD) is a prevalent condition defined as the failure to adapt to a stressful event.

Objective
This study presents secondary analysis data on the effect of an Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention (iCBT) for AjD on meaning in life and capacity for enjoyment, compared to a control group.

Method
The sample consisted of 68 participants with AjD. 34 in the iCBT condition and 34 in the control group). Meaning in life was assessed by the Purpose-in-Life Test-10, and the Environmental Rewards Observation Scale was used to assess the capacity for enjoyment. The iCBT intervention focused on acceptance and processing of the stressful event. Intent-to-treat mixed-model analyses without any ad hoc imputations and using Cohen’s d effect comparisons were conducted.

Results
The results revealed a significant main effect of time and a significant group x time interaction in all the measures. Significantly higher pre-post score differences were found in the treatment condition.

Discussion
Meaning in life and capacity for enjoyment can change after an iCBT intervention for AjD. Therapeutic implications of the results and future lines of research about the role of meaning in life in AjD are discussed.
Analogue Mean Systemic Filling Pressure: a New Volume Management Approach During Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy
Authors: Yastrebov Konstantin , Brunel Laurencie , Paterson Hugh S. , Williams Zoe A. , Burrows Chris S. , Wise Innes K. , Robinson Benjamin M. , Bannon Paul G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe absence of an accepted gold standard to estimate volume status is an obstacle for optimal management of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The applicability of the analogue mean systemic filling pressure (Pmsa) as a surrogate of the mean circulatory pressure to estimate volume status for patients with LVADs has not been investigated. Variability of flows generated by the Impella CP, a temporary LVAD, should have no physiological impact on fluid status. This translational interventional ovine study demonstrated that Pmsa did not change with variable circulatory flows induced by a continuous flow LVAD (the average dynamic increase in Pmsa of 0.20 ± 0.95 mmHg from zero to maximal Impella flow was not significant (p = 0.68)), confirming applicability of the human Pmsa equation for an ovine LVAD model. The study opens new directions for future translational and human investigations of fluid management using Pmsa for patients with temporary LVADs.
Single-wavelength-excited fluorogenic nanoprobe for accurate realtime ratiometric analysis of broad pH fluctuations in mitophagy
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Juan , Hu Jiwen , du Rietz Anna , Wu Xiongyu , Zhang Ruilong , Zhang Zhongping , Uvdal Kajsa , Hu Zhangjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMitophagy has a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through acidic lysosomes engulfing excess or impaired mitochondria, thereby pH fluctuation is one of the most significant indicators for tracking mitophagy. Then such precise pH tracking demands the fluorogenic probe that has tailored contemporaneous features, including mitochondrial-specificity, excellent biocompatibility, wide pH-sensitive range of 8.0–4.0, and especially quantitative ability. However, available molecular probes cannot simultaneously meet all the requirements since it is extremely difficult to integrate multiple functionalities into a single molecule. To fully address this issue, we herein integrate two fluorogenic pH sensitive units, a mitochondria-specific block, cell-penetrating facilitator, and biocompatible segments into an elegant silica nano scaffold, which greatly ensures the applicability for real-time tracking of pH fluctuations in mitophagy. Most significantly, at a single wavelength excitation, the integrated pH-sensitive units have spectra-distinguishable fluorescence towards alkaline and acidic pH in a broad range that covers mitochondrial and lysosomal pH, thus enabling a ratiometric analysis of pH variations during the whole mitophagy. This work also provides constructive insights into the fabrication of advanced fluorescent nanoprobes for diverse biomedical applications.
Development and Test of a Rotating Drum Reactor for the Simultaneous Hydration and Carbonation of Dry Biomass Bottom Ash
Authors: Schnabel Kevin , Brück Felix , Pohl Sven , Weigand Harald 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbonation of biomass ash allows for the final storage of CO2 as solid carbonates and may therewith contribute to supply energy with net negative greenhouse gas emissions. Accelerating the reaction under ambient temperature and pressure requires presence of water as reaction space. Therefore, dry-discharged ashes need to be humidified. Here we developed and tested a rotating drum reactor integrating hydration and carbonation of biomass bottom ash (BBA). The bed motion was evaluated with moist quartz sand (QS) as a model material. In the BBA carbonation experiments, liquid-to-solid ratios (L/S) between 0.1 and 0.3 were adjusted with two-fluid nozzles. The reactant gas (10 vol% CO2) was fed either simultaneously with or subsequently to humidification. The CO2 uptake was determined gravimetrically as well as using a gas balance and was compared to results obtained under fixed-bed conditions. In the rotating drum, a favorable slumping motion of the QS was identified at a rotation rate of 7 rpm and a fill level of 20 vol%. Thus, BBA carbonation tests were carried out under these conditions yielding a CO2 uptake between 22 and 31 g/kg within 2 h. Uptake was highest at L/S 0.1 and lowest at L/S 0.3. These results indicate that the rotating drum reactor reduces the required moisture content compared to fixed-bed carbonation. The CO2 feeding mode (simultaneous or subsequent) had only a minor effect on the cumulative CO2 uptake but provided valuable insight into the heat production by hydration and carbonation of BBA in the rotating drum system.
Graphical Abstract
Regional shifts in production and trade in the metal markets: a comparison of China, the EU, and the US
Authors: Perger Johannes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Metal raw materials are essential for industrial production. Global metal markets have changed considerably since the start of the twenty-first century, China being the most influential driver of this change. With China’s economic rise, metal demand has skyrocketed, and global production shares in metal raw materials and trade volumes have shifted towards the People’s Republic. While China has become the dominant location for global metal production and consumption, older industrial economies like the European countries or the US have lost global share. This paper aims to compare the different developments in China, the European Union and the US regarding markets for the base metals aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin and zinc as well as iron and steel. The analysis covers movements in industrial production, metal production locations (mining – refined production – refined consumption) and metal trade volumes (ores and concentrates – waste and scrap – refined products and articles thereof).
4D printing technology in medical engineering: a narrative review
Authors: Sahafnejad-Mohammadi Iman , Karamimoghadam Mojtaba , Zolfagharian Ali , Akrami Mohammad , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe addition of the time dimension to three-dimensional (3D) printing has introduced four-dimensional (4D) printing technology, which has gained considerable attention in different fields such as medical, art, and engineering. Nowadays, bioscience has introduced some ideas which can be fulfilled by 4D printing. Blending time with variations caused by the situation has many beneficial aspects such as perceptibility and adaptability. Since 4D printing can create a dynamic structure with stimuli-responsive materials, the applications of smart materials, stimulus, and 3D printing are the effective criteria in 4D printing technology. Smart materials with their flexible properties can reshape, recolor, or change function under the effect of the internal or exterior stimuli. Thus, an attractive prospect in the medical field is the integration of the 4D printing approach along with smart materials. This research aims to show the most recent applications of 4D printing technology and smart materials in medical engineering which can show better prospective of 4D printing applications in the future. Also, it describes smart medical implants, tissue engineering, and bioprinting and how they are being used for the 4D printing approach in medical engineering applications. In this regard, a particular emphasis is dedicated to the latest progress in the innovation and development of stimuli-responsive materials that are activated and respond over time to physical, chemical, and biological stimuli and their exploitation through 3D printing methods to fabrication 4D printing smart parts such as intelligent tissue-engineered scaffolds, smart orthopedic implants, and targeted drug delivery systems. On the other hand, major challenges in this technology are explained along with some suggestions for future works to address existing limitations. It is worth noting that despite significant research that has been carried out into 4D printing, it might be more valuable if some investigation is done into 4D bio-printing applications and how this approach will be developed.
Estimated Mask Use and Temporal Relationship to COVID-19 Epidemiology of Black Lives Matter Protests in 12 Cities
Authors: Quigley Ashley , Nguyen Phi Yen , Stone Haley , Heslop David J. , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
There is an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during mass gatherings and a risk of asymptomatic infection. We aimed to estimate the use of masks during Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests and whether these protests increased the risk of COVID-19. Two reviewers screened 496 protest images for mask use, with high inter-rater reliability. Protest intensity, use of tear gas, government control measures, and testing rates were estimated in 12 cities. A correlation analysis was conducted to assess the potential effect of mask use and other measures, adjusting for testing rates, on COVID-19 epidemiology 4 weeks (two incubation periods) post-protests. Mask use ranged from 69 to 96% across protests. There was no increase in the incidence of COVID-19 post-protest in 11 cities. After adjusting for testing rates, only Miami, which involved use of tear gas and had high protest intensity, showed a clear increase in COVID-19 after one incubation period post-protest. No significant correlation was found between incidence and protest factors. Our study showed that protests in most cities studied did not increase COVID-19 incidence in 2020, and a high level of mask use was seen. The absence of an epidemic surge within two incubation periods of a protest is indicative that the protests did not have a major influence on epidemic activity, except in Miami. With the globally circulating highly transmissible Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, layered interventions such as mandated mask use, physical distancing, testing, and vaccination should be applied for mass gatherings in the future.
Anti-Overturning Fully Symmetrical Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on an Elliptic Cylindrical Structure for All-Weather Blue Energy Harvesting
Authors: Tan Dujuan , Zeng Qixuan , Wang Xue , Yuan Songlei , Luo Yanlin , Zhang Xiaofang , Tan Liming , Hu Chenguo , Liu Guanlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown promising potential for large-scale blue energy harvesting. However, the lack of reasonable designs has largely hindered TENG from harvesting energy from both rough and tranquil seas. Herein, a fully symmetrical triboelectric nanogenerator based on an elliptical cylindrical structure (EC-TENG) is proposed for all-weather blue energy harvesting. The novel elliptical cylindrical shell provides a unique self-stability, high sensitivity to wave triggering, and most importantly, an anti-overturning capability for the EC-TENG. Moreover, benefiting from its internal symmetrical design, the EC-TENG can produce energy normally, even if it was overturned under a rude oscillation in the rough seas, which distinguishes this work from previous reported TENGs. The working mechanism and output performance are systematically studied. The as-fabricated EC-TENG is capable of lighting 400 light-emitting diodes and driving small electronics. More than that, an automatic monitoring system powered by the EC-TENG can also monitor the water level in real-time and provide an alarm if necessary. This work presents an innovative and reliable approach toward all-weather wave energy harvesting in actual marine environments.
Inequality, social protection policy, and inclusion: pertinent theories and empirical evidence
Authors: Mulugeta Woldegiorgis Mesfin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe available literature shows that there is a questionable direction of correlation between income inequality, redistribution policies, and economic prosperity. Meanwhile, there is also a striking claim that rising economic inequality is an immense concern. This paper, therefore, aims to summarize the antagonistic thoughts. Moreover, it presents a conceptual model and empirically measures the nexus of income inequality and social protection policy with inclusive development. The fixed effects regression of the panel dataset from 34 African countries reveals that income inequality is a negative driver but social redistribution policies are positive drivers of inclusive development in the long run. The control variables such as inflation, population growth rate, and carbon dioxide emissions stand against inclusion. However, the labour force participation rate, freedom score, life expectancy at birth, enrolment rate in secondary school and share of employment in industry show a positive correlation with inclusion.
Testing the Two-Factor Model of Musical Obsessions: Can They Be Predicted by the Interaction Between Frequency and Dysfunctional Interpretations of Common Earworms?
Authors: Wahl Karina , Meyer Andrea H. , Heinzel Carlotta V. , Lieb Roselind 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Musical obsessions can be conceptualized as a severe form of intrusive musical imagery (IMI). The two-factor model of musical obsessions proposes that musical obsessions result from the interaction of the frequency of IMI and dysfunctional interpretations of IMI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictions of the two-factor model. A total of 372 participants (291 without a known diagnosis of obsessive–compulsive disorder [OCD] and 81 with a lifetime diagnosis of OCD) completed online questionnaires about the frequency of IMI, their dysfunctional interpretations, and their severity. We specified a model with severity of IMI as outcome and interpretations and frequency as predictors and controlled for the type of sample. The interaction between frequency and dysfunctional interpretations predicted severity of IMI, however in another direction than suggested. Future studies should include experimental and longitudinal designs and pay particular attention to low-frequency IMI and their role in musical obsessions.
Can Rights of Nature Save Us from the Anthropocene Catastrophe? Some Critical Reflections from the Field
Authors: Viaene Lieselotte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe world can no longer deny that the planet is on the verge of an Anthropocene catastrophe. As scientists from different fields and from around the globe are discussing the causes, impacts, challenges, and solutions to the arrival of this human-induced new geological time, the field of law cannot remain behind. Rights of Nature (RoN), granting legal personhood to nature and its elements such as rivers, is an emerging transnational legal framework fast gaining international traction among Euro-American legal scholars as a new tool to combat environmental destruction. Grounded in reflections derived from long-term collaborative ethnographic work among indigenous communities, this article aims to critically and empirically unpack several interrelated concerns and blind spots at this moment of the RoN snowballing effect around the globe related to claims that this new legal proposal is rooted in indigenous lifestyles and views about nature/the environment.
The Spread of Legal Tech Solutionism and the Need for Legal Design
Authors: de Souza Siddharth Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces the notion of legal tech solutionism and argues for how in an age where the development of legal tech is seen as a panacea for all ills it is important to evaluate the use and lifecycle of the technology before introducing it as a solution to the complex and structural problems that plague legal systems. It explores the framework of legal design and argues that legal design provides for a grounded and contextual approach to the development of legal products, content and services. To do this, the paper develops an approach that operates at three levels, including the value of building for usability, the importance of collaboration and community and the value of designing for many worlds to ensure an engagement with a plurality of contexts in the development of legal tech through evolving a grounded approach.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in post-COVID-19 long haulers
Authors: Alghamdi Hussam Y. , Alrashed Abdulaziz M. , Jawhari Amjad M. , Abdel-Moneim Ahmed S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground:Long haulers have been recently reported after contracting coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the present study, we aimed to screen for the neuropsychiatric signs detected <1 to >6 months after infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to determine whether vaccination has an effect on them.Methods:An online survey was conducted among participants who had been diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clinical signs and durations of neuropsychiatric complaints and their correlations to sex, age, severity of COVID-19 signs, and vaccination status were screened.Results:A total of 2218 individuals, including 1358 females and 860 males, with an age range of 12–70 years, submitted their responses. The respondents experienced cognitive dysfunction, mood alteration, depression, tinnitus, sleep disorders, and loss of taste and smell, with prevalence rates ranging from 18.9% (tinnitus) to 63.9% (loss of taste and smell). Of the respondents, 2.2–7.7% confirmed the persistence of symptoms for >6 months. Tinnitus was the least common complaint, and only 2.2% of the study participants had tinnitus for >6 months. Meanwhile, mood alteration persisted for >6 months in 7.6% of the study participants. More respondents who received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine showed persistent symptoms than those in the other groups. Disease severity and female sex were identified as potential determinants of the development and persistency of such symptoms.Conclusion:Post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms were present in considerable percentages of the study participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection, persisting for >6 months in up to 7.6% of the participants.
Petrogenesis of Eocene Wangdui adakitic pluton in the western Gangdese belt, southern Tibet: implications for crustal thickening
Authors: Wu Chang-da , Zheng Yuan-chuan , Hou Zeng-qian , Xu Pei-yan , Zhang Lin-yuan , Shen Yang , Wang Lu , Li Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLower-crust-derived adakitic rocks in the Gangdese belt provide important constraints on the timing of Tibetan crustal thickening and on the relative contributions of magmatic and tectonic processes. Here we present geochronological and geochemical data for the Wangdui porphyritic monzogranites in the western Gangdese belt. Zircon U–Pb dating yields emplacement ages of 46–44 Ma. All samples have high Sr (321–599 ppm), low Yb (0.76–1.33 ppm) and Y (10.6–18.3 ppm) contents, with high La/Yb (51.1–72.3) and Sr/Y (21.0–51.4) ratios, indicating adakitic affinities. The low MgO (0.97–1.76 wt %), Cr (7.49–53.6 ppm) and Ni (4.75–29.1 ppm) contents, as well as high 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.7143–0.7145), low ϵNd(t) (−10.4 to −9.8) and zircon ϵHf(t) (−17.7 to 0.4) values, suggest that the Wangdui pluton most likely originated from partial melting of the thickened ancient lower crust. In combination with previously published data, despite the east–west-trending heterogeneity of crustal composition in the Gangdese belt, the La/Yb ratios of magmatic rocks reveal that both western and eastern segments experienced remarkable crustal thickening in the Eocene. However, in contrast to the thickened juvenile lower crust in the eastern segment formed by the underplating of mantle-derived magmas, tectonic shortening plays a more crucial role in thickening of the ancient basement in western Gangdese. In fact, such Eocene-thickened ancient lower-crust-derived adakitic rocks are widely distributed in the central Himalayan–Tibetan orogen. This, together with the extensive development of fold–thrust belts, suggests that tectonic shortening might be the main mechanism accounting for the crustal thickening associated with the India–Asia collision.