bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model on patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Trombley Matthew J. , Joneydi Rayan , Buatti Louisa A. , Schneider Karen L. , Kummet Colleen M. , Morrall Ian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, a mandatory episode‐based payment program for knee and hip replacement surgery, affected patient‐reported measures of quality.Data SourcesSurveys of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries who had hip or knee replacement surgery, collected between July 2018 and March 2019, secondary Medicare administrative data, the Provider of Services file, CJR and Bundled Payments for Care Improvement participant lists from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the Area Health Resource Files.Study DesignIn 2018, participation in the CJR model was mandatory for nearly all hospitals in 34 randomly selected, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that had high historical Medicare payments for lower‐extremity joint replacements surgery. The control group included 47 high‐payment MSAs randomly assigned as controls. We estimated risk‐adjusted differences in self‐reported measures of functional status and pain, satisfaction with care, and caregiver help between respondents in CJR hospitals and respondents in hospitals located in the control group.Data CollectionWe selected a census of CJR patients and an equal number of control patients to survey. We fielded two waves of surveys using a mail and phone protocol, yielding 8433 CJR and 9014 control respondents.Principal FindingsCJR respondents were slightly more likely to depend on caregivers for certain activities of daily living when they got home (either directly from the hospital or after an institutional post‐acute care stay). On a 100‐point scale, differences ranged from −2.6 points (p < 0.01) for help needed bathing to −1.7 points (p < 0.05) for help needed using the toilet. However, differences in eight measures of self‐reported functional status approximately 90–120 days after hospital discharge were not statistically significant, ranging from −1.1% (p = 0.087) to 0.7% (p = 0.437).ConclusionsCJR did not harm patient health or affect patient satisfaction on average but did increase reliance on caregivers during recovery.
Dietitians Australia position statement on healthy and sustainable diets
Authors: Barbour Liza , Bicknell Ellyn , Brimblecombe Julie , Carino Stefanie , Fairweather Molly , Lawrence Mark , Slattery Juliet , Woods Julie , World Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is the position of Dietitians Australia that to promote human and planetary health, a food system transformation is needed that enables the population to adopt healthy and sustainable diet‐related practices. A healthy and sustainable diet must (i) be nutritionally adequate, healthy and safe, (ii) have low environmental impact and be protective of natural resources and biodiversity, (iii) be culturally acceptable and (iv) be accessible, economically fair and affordable. Dietitians Australia acknowledges that it is critical to prioritise Indigenous knowledges in consultation, policy‐making and implementation processes to achieve these recommendations. In facilitating the uptake of healthy and sustainable diets, dietitians are contributing to the transformation of our current food system that is urgently required to nourish present and future generations within planetary boundaries. In developing this position statement, opportunities for future research have been identified including those to advance the professions' capacity to improve environmental sustainability outcomes across all areas of practice. To achieve a population‐level shift towards this diet, Dietitians Australia recommends: (i) the development of a National Food and Nutrition Strategy which honours Indigenous knowledges on food systems, (ii) the integration of sustainability principles in Australia's dietary guidelines, (iii) the reorientation of our food environment to prioritise access to healthy and sustainable foods, and (iv) investment in capacity building activities to equip the current and future nutrition and dietetics workforce.
High antimicrobial activity of lactoferricin‐expressing Bacillus subtilis strains
Authors: Lee Bing‐Chang , Tsai Jui‐Che , Hung Chun‐Wei , Lin Cheng‐Yung , Sheu Jin‐Chuan , Tsai Huai‐Jen 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe lactoferricin expressed in Bacillus subtilis is relatively low in yield, making it hard to apply in industrial settings. We constructed a six tandem repeat of lactoferricin cDNA driven by promoter PtrnQ. After transformation, two transformants P245 and P263 possessing a stable inheritance of plasmid and high expression of lactoferricin were selected. The bactericidal activities, 1 μl of aliquot of a total 5.5 ml of solution extracted from 5 ml of cultured P245 and P263, were equivalent to the efficacy of 238.25 and 322.7 ng of Ampicillin against Escherichia coli, respectively, and 366.4 and 452.52 ng of Ampicillin against Staphylococcus epidermidis respectively. These extracts were able to kill an Ampicillin‐resistant E. coli strain. The bactericidal activities of P245 and P263 equivalent to the efficacy of Tetracycline against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus were also determined. Moreover, the bactericidal activities of P245 and P263 were 168.04 and 249.94 ng of Ampicillin against Edwardsiella tarda, respectively, and 219.7 and 252.43 ng of Tetracycline against Streptococcus iniae respectively. Interestingly, the survival rate of E. tarda‐infected tilapia fry fed the P263 extract displayed a significantly greater than that of the fry‐fed control strain. Collectively, these B. subtilis transgenic strains are highly promising for use in animal husbandry during a disease outbreak.
Part 2: Imaging findings of uncommon but important immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related adverse effects
Authors: Noë Geertje , Cardin Anthony , Lasocki Arian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOncology care has significantly changed with the emergence of immunotherapy agents, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This has had an immediate effect on imaging, with different radiological tumour responses to treatment compared with conventional chemotherapies, and novel imaging findings due to complications caused by these agents (referred to as immune‐related adverse effects, irAEs). Some of the more common irAEs may be familiar, but as the use of ICIs increases to a wider variety of cancers, these complications, and in particular, the less common irAEs, will be encountered more frequently on imaging. It will be increasingly important to be familiar with these uncommon irAEs, particularly since they can be difficult to recognise and distinguish from metastatic disease. The aim of this pictorial essay was to describe and illustrate imaging findings that may be encountered related to uncommon but important irAEs as a result of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Leukemia inhibitory factor is dysregulated in ankylosing spondylitis and contributes to bone formation
Authors: Kong Weiping , Tang Yulong , Tang Kunhai , Yan Zeran , Liu Ting , Tao Qingwen , Wang Jiucun , Liu Jing , Yan Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. However, the key inflammatory cytokines disrupted in this disease are not well defined. In this study, we performed protein array and multiple protein quantification to investigate the differentially expressed cytokines in plasma between AS patients and healthy subjects.MethodIn the discovery cohort, 5 AS patients who never underwent biologic therapy and 5 gender‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the protein array analysis. Another 40 AS patients and 20 healthy participants were recruited in the validation stage. In addition, the messenger RNA and protein levels of osteogenesis‐related genes were quantified in hFOB1.19 cells in an in vitro osteoblast model.ResultsOf the 318 cytokines found to be differentially expressed by protein array, leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) was significantly increased in AS patients as compared to controls. The “signaling by interleukins” pathway was the most enriched pathway in AS patients, and “signaling by interleukins”‐related cytokines, including LIF, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐23, and IL‐31, were significantly differentially expressed in the validation stage. Additionally, we correlated the expression of LIF with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and inflammation of magnetic resonance imaging lesions in the spine (MRI‐SPINE) in AS patients. We further analyzed the effects of LIF in hFOB cells and found that LIF promoted the growth factor receptor‐bound protein 2 / phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase / runt‐related transcription factor 2 / alkaline phosphatase pathway at the protein level and activated several osteogenesis‐related genes (RUNX2 and BGLAP).ConclusionLIF was increased in the plasma of AS patients as compared with healthy subjects and significantly correlated with inflammation indices (CRP and MRI‐SPINE) in AS patients. Thus, LIF may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AS via promoting osteogenic differentiation.
Food web reconstruction through phylogenetic transfer of low‐rank network representation
Authors: Strydom Tanya , Bouskila Salomé , Banville Francis , Barros Ceres , Caron Dominique , Farrell Maxwell J. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Hemming Victoria , Mercier Benjamin , Pollock Laura J. , Runghen Rogini , Dalla Riva Giulio V. , Poisot Timothée 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Despite their importance in many ecological processes, collecting data and information on ecological interactions is an exceedingly challenging task. For this reason, large parts of the world have a data deficit when it comes to species interactions and how the resulting networks are structured. As data collection alone is unlikely to be sufficient, community ecologists must adopt predictive methods.

We present a methodological framework that uses graph embedding and transfer learning to assemble a predicted list of trophic interactions of a species pool for which their interactions are unknown. Specifically, we ‘learn’ the information (latent traits) of species from a known interaction network and infer the latent traits of another species pool for which we have no a priori interaction data based on their phylogenetic relatedness to species from the known network. The latent traits can then be used to predict interactions and construct an interaction network.

Here we assembled a metaweb for Canadian mammals derived from interactions in the European food web, despite only 4% of common species being shared between the two locations. The results of the predictive model are compared against databases of recorded pairwise interactions, showing that we correctly recover 91% of known interactions.

The framework itself is robust even when the known network is incomplete or contains spurious interactions making it an ideal candidate as a tool for filling gaps when it comes to species interactions. We provide guidance on how this framework can be adapted by substituting some approaches or predictors in order to make it more generally applicable.
Wind dispersal of seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) contributes to its steady invasion and spread
Authors: Mao Runping , Osunkoya Olusegun O. , Campbell Shane , Adkins Stephen W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWind dispersal is considered to be a potentially important mode of spread for parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), an invasive Asteraceae herb of worldwide significance. However, empirical evidence of the role of wind dispersal on the seeds (achenes) of parthenium weed in natural landscapes is lacking. The results of a simulation study undertaken at a wind tunnel facility, Australia, indicated that the dispersal distance of parthenium weed achenes is largely determined by wind velocity (109–131% increase in distance where wind velocity is doubled) and plant release height (75–80% increase when release height is doubled). Glasshouse harvested achenes released from 1 m in height could travel up to 2 m under a 2 m s−1 wind velocity, with the majority of achenes reaching more than 1 m. Smaller‐sized achenes travelled 5% further than larger‐sized achenes. The terminal velocity was calculated to be 1.256 ± 0.006 m s−1, indicating a moderate wind dispersal ability for the weed. A complementary field study in Southeast Queensland, Australia, indicated that the cumulative wind velocity and wind direction, instead of the mean wind velocity, determined the direction of dispersal of the achenes. Further post‐dispersal surveys suggested the number of achenes outside of a standing population declined rapidly as distance from the population increased. Most achenes were dispersed less than 2 m from their parent plant, while the maximum distance achieved was less than 5 m under natural conditions in North Queensland. In conclusion, the natural wind dispersal of parthenium weed consists of small, but measurable increments each year, thus contributing to the weed proliferation and spread at the landscape scale level.
When does voluntary coordination work? Evidence from area‐wide pest management
Authors: Lence Sergio H. , Singerman Ariel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe introduce the “coordination frontier” (CF), a simple practical tool to assess the likelihood of success of voluntary coordination in situations where, ex ante, the collective action solution provides an appealing alternative (e.g., for pest and disease control). We demonstrate the value of information conveyed by the CF, explain how to construct the CF from experimental data, and show how to apply the CF in practice. We illustrate the concept with an application to data from a framed field economic experiment, which was designed to elicit the preferences of Florida's citrus growers regarding their willingness to coordinate actions to combat citrus greening disease. This is a highly relevant case study not only because of the significant impact caused by citrus greening on Florida's citrus industry but also because a voluntary area‐wide pest management program to control it had been established in 2010 and eventually failed; a similar program is now in place in California, where the disease spread is at an earlier stage. Had the CF been available in Florida, estimates of the (aggregate) chances of successful coordination could have been shared with growers to update their beliefs regarding the chances of successful coordination to help reduce strategic uncertainty. Policymakers in California could use the CF in such way and devise ways to encourage participation to increase the chances of reaching a desired coordination threshold.
Clinical evidence and insights supporting the use of avelumab first‐line maintenance treatment in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Eto Masatoshi , Lee Jae‐Lyun , Chang Yen‐Hwa , Gao Seasea , Singh Manmohan , Gurney Howard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUntil recently, international and Asia‐specific guidelines for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) recommended first‐line (1L) platinum‐based chemotherapy, followed by second‐line (2L) anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐PD‐L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy where possible, or 1L ICI therapy in cisplatin‐ineligible patients with PD‐L1+ tumors. However, long‐term outcomes remain poor and only a minority of patients receive 2L therapy. The JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial—which assessed avelumab (anti‐PD‐L1 antibody) as 1L maintenance therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone in patients with advanced UC that had not progressed with 1L platinum‐based chemotherapy—is the only phase 3 trial of ICI‐based treatment in the 1L setting to show significantly improved overall survival, and this treatment approach is now recommended in updated treatment guidelines. Available data from the trial suggest that efficacy and safety in patients enrolled in the Asia‐Pacific region were similar to findings in the overall population. In this review, we discuss the treatment of advanced UC, with a specific focus on studies in the Asia‐Pacific region, and summarize key findings supporting the use of avelumab 1L maintenance as a standard of care in this setting both in cisplatin‐eligible and cisplatin‐ineligible patients and irrespective of PD‐L1 status.
Deception in simulation‐based education: a randomised controlled trial of the effect of deliberate deception on the performance of anaesthesia trainees
Authors: Friedman Z. , Bould M. D. , Pattni N. , Malavade A. , Nakatani R. , Bansal S. , Alam F. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThe use of deliberate deception in simulation allows for a level of realism that is not normally feasible. However, the use of deception is controversial, and carries the risk of psychological harm to learners. There are currently no quantitative data on the effect of deception on learner performance, making it difficult to judge its usefulness. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of deception on learners' performance during a life‐threatening scenario. In this simulation study, second‐year anaesthesia residents were randomly allocated into two groups: the non‐deception group was told that the participating consultant was acting a part, while the deception group was told that the consultant was a subject in the study. Learners then participated in a simulated crisis that presented them with situational opportunities to challenge the consultant regarding clearly wrong decisions. Two independent raters scored the performances using the modified advocacy‐inquiry scale. Forty‐four participants were analysed. The median (IQR [range]) highest scoring modified advocacy‐inquiry scale was 5.0 (4.5–5.1 [4.0–5.5]) for the non‐deception group and 4.0 (3.0–4.0 [2.5–5.0]) for the deception group, (p < 0.001), and the median total number of challenges per participant was 26.8 (21.0–31.1 [16.5–35.5]) and 18.0 (14.3–23.3 [7.0–33.0]), respectively (p = 0.001). Trainees exposed to deliberate deception, who thought that the consultant anaesthetist was a subject, had a less‐effective best challenge, likely mimicking real‐life behaviour. Deliberate deception appears to modify behaviour, particularly relating to communication involving hierarchical relationships. This technique may improve authenticity, especially with a steep power gradient, and so has demonstrable value which must be balanced against the ethical considerations.
Feeding the City and Making the Revolution: Women and Urban Agriculture in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
Authors: Camps‐Calvet Marta , Gorostiza Santiago , Saurí David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe everyday difficulties faced by working‐class women, including access to food, are aggravated in critical periods, such as wars and economic crises. However, the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) was accompanied by a revolution, in the Republican zones, where women opened spaces for their emancipation. By examining social reproduction practices surrounding food in Barcelona during the years 1936–1939, we contribute to critical research on food sovereignty in the urban contexts. Our core findings inform the role of women in food provision and production, through individual subsistence agriculture, involvement in Barcelona’s anarcho‐syndicalist agricultural collective, as well as in agriculture education and training programmes. Our research is based on original archival data, historical press and interviews with witnesses of the war. We conclude that revolutionary and transformative actions, including current food sovereignty practices, need to make gender justice a central goal.
Children aged 3–4 years were more likely to be given mobile devices for calming purposes if they had weaker overall executive functioning
Authors: Danet Marie , Miller Alison L. , Weeks Heidi M. , Kaciroti Niko , Radesky Jenny S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimYoung children with weaker self‐regulation use more digital media, but studies have been limited by parent‐reported screen time measures. We examine associations between early childhood executive functioning and objective mobile device usage.MethodsThe parents of 368 American children (51.6% male) aged 3–4 years of age completed standardised measures of executive functioning, parenting stress and household chaos. They provided mobile sampling data for 1 week in 2018–2019 and reported how often the children used mobile devices to calm themselves.ResultsThe children's mean age was about 3.8 years. A third of the children who were given devices to calm them down had weaker executive functioning in the overall and multivariable models, including working memory, planning and organisation. So did 39.7% of the children who used educational apps. Streaming videos, using age‐inappropriate apps and using the mobile device for more than1 h per day were not associated with executive functioning levels. Parenting stress and household chaos did not moderate the associations.ConclusionThis study confirms previous studies that suggesting that children with weaker overall executive functioning used devices more for calming purposes. It also raises questions about whether children with weaker executive functioning should use educational apps.
Corporate sustainability crisis: Theoretical framework and stakeholder‐oriented typology
Authors: Grunwald Guido , Fischer Klaus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch on corporate crises has yielded numerous, partly overlapping crisis concepts from the corporate perspective without adequately addressing the stakeholder perspective and sustainability and corporate social responsibility characteristics. This conceptual paper aims to develop a stakeholder‐oriented typology of corporate sustainability crises. For this purpose, conceptual gaps and requirements are identified, and a theoretical framework is developed from which stakeholder‐related typology criteria are derived. The typology developed differentiates between eight crisis types that are interrelated and can also develop dynamically over time. By including and delimiting various crises concepts within a uniform framework, this paper contributes to the further development of knowledge in this still underdeveloped research field. As a result, insights into the early identification and further development of crises can be gained, which is especially important for crisis managers. In addition, public policymakers and actors of nonstate governance are supported in assessing the prerequisites and potentials of companies and stakeholders as actors of nonstate governance in dealing with various types of corporate sustainability crises, thereby contributing to achieving sustainability goals.