bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mangrove seedling abundance in mangrove ecosystem outgrowth in Ajkwa Island, Mimika Regency, Papua
Authors: Sarwom R , Douw Y , Kusuma K I , Operawiri D , Heipon Y Y , Bahari A S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mangrove is one of the essential ecosystems for coastal areas. Mangrove is an individual or community which survives in tidal areas. Ajkwa Island is an island created by sedimentation activities from Ajkwa river. Ajkwa Island has a tidal supply well and it makes this island be an essential area for mangrove growth. This research was conducted in Ajkwa Island, Mimika Regency, Papua Province. The research is in permanent monitoring plots in 2011, 2014, and 2018. Based on the research, 2 categories were found in the monitoring plot, there are seedling and herbs. Species for seedling category are Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Diospyros sp., Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba, and Xylocarpus sp. Species for herbs category are Allamanda cathartica and Hoya sp. Mangrove ecosystem type in Ajkwa Island is over-wash mangrove. The result, Sonneratia alba and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza had density and important value index higher than the other species in every monitoring year. Mangrove spreading in Ajkwa Island increases in each monitoring year. Mangrove seedling spread significantly from 2014 to 2018. On the monitoring plots, mangrove density in 2014 is 41.700 ind/ha and for 2018 is 74.000 ind/ha. Beside vegetation analysis, this research does spatial analysis to support the result from field monitoring data. Spatial analysis also proved the spreading of the seedling increased significantly from 2014 to 2018.
The potential, wetlands utilization through the social forestry program in Kayan Sembakung Delta, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Angi E M , Kartika K , Wiati C B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Indonesia has approximately 39.6 million hectares of wetlands and almost 894,106 hectares in the Kayan Sembakung Delta, North Kalimantan Province. Despite in illegal status, the wetlands in the Kayan Sembakung Delta for decades have become a location where local people depend for their lives. Therefore, as part of resolving land conflicts, the implementation of Social Forestry (SF) can be offered to the community in the area. This study aims to identify problems in SF implementation in the Kayan Sembakung Delta and efforts to solve them. Data collection was obtained by interviewing the key informants, FGDs, and field observations together with the community member of 5 villages in North Kalimantan namely Liagu Village in Sekatak District - Bulungan Regency, Salimbatu Village in Tanjung Palas Tengah District - Bulungan Regency, Sengkong Village in Sesayap Hilir District - Tana Tidung Regency, Atap Village in Sembakung District - Nunukan Regency and Tepian Village in Sembakung District - Nunukan Regency. The study showed that the implementation of SF in the Kayan Sembakung Delta just in the early phase and facing numerous technical problems such as institutional, facilitating, management plan, funding, human resources, the potential for natural resource development, groups of social forestry business, and support from other parties. This study found that the main problem in implementing SF in the Kayan Sembakung Delta is the weak capacity of the human resources of SF management institution. This condition caused that the implementation of SF programs in this area must receive support from parties, especially in policy support and improving human resources.
Microbial diversity of shallot plantation in peat-lands applied with three types of botanical pesticides
Authors: Salamiah  , Aidawati N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One method of controlling disease that is environmentally friendly is the use of plant-based pesticides also known as botanical pesticides. The use of botanical pesticides has proven to be effective in controlling several species of pests and plant diseases, because they contains active secondary metabolite compounds. These compounds affect pathogenic microorganisms, so it is feared will also affect antagonistic microorganisms. This research will find out the impact of the application of several botanical pesticides on shallots to microbial biodiversity. The study was conducted in Peat-lands, at South Kalimantan. Microbial identification was carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory and the Laboratory of Biological Control of the Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The results showed that the application of plant-based pesticides from Kepayang fruit extract and Galam leaf extract had an influence in decreasing the population of microorganisms, respectively by 80.44% and 75.26%. Chirinyuh were increased the population by 36.60%, as well as the control treatment, the population of microorganisms increased by 17.77%. Meanwhile the application of synthetic pesticide Dhitane M-45 reduced the population of microorganisms by 95.73%. Types of microbes found in the soil and onion rhizosphere are Pseudomonas flourescens, Bacillus sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Curvularia sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Stachybotrys bisbyi, and Penicillium sp.
Expression of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro) in Escherichia coli RIPL
Authors: Ulfah M , Mulyawati L , Riswoko A , Helianti I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused pandemic COVID-19 has spread rapidly to humans and causes a very serious health and social problem around the world. In order to develop vaccine and therapeutic approaches, a comprehensive study of viral structure and viral biological infection needs to be understood. In addition to four structural proteins; spike glycoprotein (S), envelope (E), membrane protein (M), and nucleocapsid protein (N), SARS-CoV-2 viral genome, consist of two open reading frame (ORF) which is located in N-terminus, ORF1a, and ORF1b. The ORF1a consist of Main protease (3CLpro) and together with papain-like protease (PLpro) play a role in the cleavage of polyproteins and translated from viral RNA to mature protein. Here we describe a method of production of 6xHis-tagged Papain-like protease fragment in E. coli RIPL, including gene expression, solubilization of inclusion bodies by different methods, and detection of gene product target by Western Blot Analyses.
The diversity of endophitic fungi on Annua mutant plantation (Artemisia annua L.) based on ITS rDNA marker
Authors: Radiastuti N , Suryani M J , Susilowati D N , Purnamaningsih R , Mulya K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Artemisia annua is a plant that produces artemisinin which is an antimalarial compound. The production of artemisinin compounds is influenced by the interaction of endophytic molds with their host plants. This study was conducted to identify endophytic molds found in plant tissues of A. annua which previously had been treated by mutations with Ethyl metahnesulfonate (EMS) to increase artemisinin production levels. Identification was carried out by using BLAST analysis, while the phylogenetic tree analysis used the minimum evolution (ME) method on MEGA 7 and the maximum parsimony (MP) method on PAUP 4.0b10. Phylogenetic analysis used noncoding sequences of the Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) rDNA region. Twelve endophytic molds (8 isolates from leaves, 2 isolates from stems, 1 isolate from petioles, and 1 isolate from flowers) in the Biogen Culture collection. This study identified to the species level phylogenetically. The endophytic molds identified were dominated by the Sordariomycetes group. It consist of 4 species, such as Clonostachys rosea, Fusarium oxysporum, Microascus gracillis, and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, and another species belonging to the Eurotiomycetes group, is Aspergillus sydowii. A total of 4 families were obtained, such as Nectriaceae, Bionectriaceae, Microascaceae, and Aspergillaceae. All acquired classes belong to the Ascomycota division.
Formula application of N fixation and P solubilizing isolate from two soil type of paddy field on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa Linn.)
Authors: Ikhwani  , Novisrayani  , Husna N , Yuniarti E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The formula application of biological nitrogen and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (NPSB) were suitable and possible potential for plant growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa Linn.). This study aimed to investigate the formula application effect of NPSB on plant growth and yield components responses at different type soil paddy fields. The experiment was conducted at the greenhouse of the Center for Research and Development of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources, Bogor District, West Java Province, and arranged in a factorial randomized block design with two factor and three replications. Biometrical observations found significantly highest in formula application at vegetative and generative stage. The maximum number of tillers was observed on 107 at alluvial type soil which was 11.0, followed by 105 μmol/ml at latosol type soil which was 10.3. The effectiveness of tiller after 63 DAT was observed on all formulate at alluvial type soil. The linear relationship between the number of tillers per plant and filled grain number per plant as influenced by the application of formulated isolate at alluvial and latosol soil type had only 32.38 % (r = 0.569). The highest filled grain was on 107 μmol/ml formula isolated at latosol soil type which was 826 grain per plant at latosol soil type. The weight of grain per plant had a 96.78% contribution to the total filled grain per plant of rice(r = 0.984) indicates a very strong positive correlation between the weight grain and the number of filled grains per plant.
Phytase activity of phytase-producing bacteria isolated from mangrove sediment
Authors: Suliasih  , Widawati S , Ikhwani A Z N , Suyadi  , Sudiana I M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThrough the role of phytase, some soil bacteria can mineralize insoluble organic P such as phytate (myoinositol hexakisphosphate). Phytase is a secreted enzyme possessing the ability to hydrolyze phytate into phosphate esters and inorganic P for plants absorption. This study aimed to isolate phytase-producing bacteria from mangrove sediment and examine the influence of nutrients (source of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) and physical conditions (temperature, pH, NaCl tolerance) on maximum phytase production. The presence of phytase activity was determined by examining the individual colonies for the formation of a clear zone. Furthermore, the isolates were screened qualitatively and quantitatively using solid and liquid phytase screening medium (PSM) containing sodium Phytate as substrates. The result showed that a total of 48 isolates have the potential to produce phytase with a production range of 1.11 - 14.83U/mL. The isolate F15 asBacillus altitudiniswas found to produce the highest phytase after 72 hours of incubation, was selected for further analysis. This strain resulted in optimal phytase levels at 35°C and a pH of 6.5 in physical parameters, tolerated 5% NaCl in the presence of lactose and tryptone, which served as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively.
Polymerase chain reaction to confirm biochemically characterization method of Pasteurella multocida isolate from fatal cases of Septicaemia epizootica in Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Prihandani S S , Noor S M , Wibawan I W T , Safika  , Purba H H S , Sumirah  , Kusumawati A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Septicemia epizootica (SE) is a common fatal systemic disease in cattle and buffalo due to Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 in South and Southeast Asia countries, including Indonesia. This infectious agent is generally considered an opportunistic pathogen and located in the nasopharynx of the animal. To support the disease’s diagnosis, an acceptable identification procedure must be established. This study was to confirm bovine P. multocida isolate that has been identified through biochemical approaches at the first step, with the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The isolate was obtained from the fatal outbreak of cattle in Kupang in 2016 and subjected to be identified using biochemical characterization, but it was time consumed. The API 20NE was applied to identify the isolate and help to save time. The PCR result showed positive for 16 sRNA and kmt genes, both were classified as specific genes, and the capsular serotype was detected in less than 24 hours. It indicates that PCR confirms biochemical technique, and it is an appropriate and faster method in detecting pathogen agents than biochemical one.
Microbial activity of potential and actual acid sulphate soil from Kalimantan Island
Authors: Yuniarti E , Surono  , Susilowati D N , Anggria L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Drainage on acid sulphate land causes a change in the type of acid sulfate (AS) soil, from the potential to actual due to pyrite oxidation. The alteration might cause changes in microbial composition and activity. The objective of the study was to compare the microbial activity of two types of acid sulphate (AS) soil, potential AS soil from South Kalimantan and actual AS soil from Central Kalimantan. The microbial activity of both soils was determined by measuring respiration, dehydrogenase, and nitrogenase activity. The presence of culturable soil rhizospheric microorganisms was determined by Total Plate Count methods and their nitrogen fixation function was determined by the ability of culturable rhizospheric soil bacteria to grow in semisolid nitrogen-free medium, as well as, nifH detection. The result of the research revealed that the respiration, dehydrogenase, and nitrogenase activity soil from potential (1.34 mg CO2.kg1 hour−1 and 1.75 nmol C2H4.g−1. hour−1) and actual AS soil (1.23 mg CO2.kg−1. hour−1 and 2.00 nmol C2H4.g−1.day−1) were relatively not different. However, the dehydrogenase activity of actual AS soil (6.29 μg TPF.g−1. hour−1) was higher than that of potential AS soils (3.32 μg TPF.g−1. hour−1). Similarly, the microbial abundance of both soils was not different and the abundance of bacteria was higher than that of fungi. The soils contained nifH genes. In both soils have been detected the presence of microbial abundance and functional microorganisms as a nitrogen fixer, a culturable phosphate solubilizer, or phytohormone producer. However, limiting factors of both soils, i.e., very acidic soil, low nutrient availability, and Al toxicity brought about the low microbial activity.
Carbon stock potential of Indonesian local fruit trees, some collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden
Authors: Yulistyarini T , Hadiah J T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Restoration programs improve the quality of degraded ecosystem and play a role in mitigating climate change. Selection of plant species based on carbon sinks has been widely used in such programs, including using fruit trees. The purpose of this study was to estimate the carbon stock of several local fruit species collections at Purwodadi Botanic Garden in order to determine their potential as carbon storage. Above ground C stock estimation was conducted using a non-destructive method by measuring stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. The age of sampled fruit trees ranged between 20–60 years. Biomass was obtained by calculating using allometric equation. The results showed that sixty years old Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. stored the highest carbon (163 Mg C.ha−1). Whereas, the lowest carbon stock was stored by forty years old Stelechocarpus burahol (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson (1.4 C tonnes.ha−1). Findings of this study suggested that most observed local fruit trees are potential carbon sinks and must be promoted in restoration programs to help mitigate climate change. Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel, Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi, Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz,, Protium javanicum Burm.f, Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr., and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels were recommended as priority species for restoration.
Conservation threats of Pemphis acidula in the Tomini Bay area, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Baderan D W K , Retnowati Y , Utina R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Pemphis acidula is a wild plant in coastal and mangrove ecosystems. This plant is in great demand by ornamental plant collectors because of its unique wood texture. Massive exploitation causes more of these species reduction. The coastal areas of Olele, Dulanga, and Biluhu in the Tomini Bay of Gorontalo are the habitat of Pemphis acidula. The purpose of this study is to reveal the form of threat to Pemphis acidula in Tomini Bay. The results showed two forms of threats, namely (1) theft by residents from outside the area to be traded as ornamental plants, and (2) the use of herbal medicines, traditional ceremonies, and building materials by residents. The study also revealed that some residents believe the stems of Pemphis acidula have magical powers. The use of this plant is not comparable to its slow growth, other than being included in the category of least concern. However, this plant has a very high selling value of up to hundreds of millions of rupiah. Therefore, it is important to do conservation for the management of the Tomini Bay ecosystem to prevent the decline in the biodiversity of Pemphis acidula.
Comparative study of antioxidant effect from extract and fraction of ‘Paku Atai Merah’ (Angiopteris ferox Coupel)
Authors: Aisyah A N , Lukitaningsih E , Rumiyati  , Sami F J , Khairi N , Marwati  , Khairuddin  , Nur S 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPaku Atai Merah tubers with the Latin nameAngiopteris feroxCoupel have been used by the Dayak people as empirical treatment and have anticancer and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to find out more the movement of extracts and fractions of Paku Atai Merah tubers in reducing free radicals using the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), CUPRAC, and Iron chelating methods. In this study, the sample used was the ethanol extract (EE) ofA.feroxCopel and then partitioned using n-hexane (FHP), ethyl acetate (FEAP), and aqueous-ethanol (FEP) solvents. The effectiveness of the sample in reducing free radicals with various antioxidant assay methods. The results obtained from this study indicate that the extract and fraction of Paku Atai Merah tubers have good effectiveness as an antioxidant agent. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) method showed that EAP had a total antioxidant capacity of 101.60 μM/mg QEAC compared to EE (44.62 μM/mg QEAC), FEAP (89.88 μM/mg QEAC), and FHP (81.21 μM/mg QEAC). In the CUPRAC method using gallic acid as a standard for comparison, the results obtained were EE (4.00 μM/mg GEAC), FHP (1.45 μM/mg GEAC), FEAP (8.66 μM/mg GEAC), and APA (8.72 μM/mg GEAC). The antioxidant activity using the chelating iron method in each sample of EE, HPA, EAP, and APA showed activity with IC50 values of 384 μg/mL, 387.41 μg/mL, 339.23 μg/mL, and 347.3 μg/mL. Based on the results obtained from this study, it can conclude that the extract and fraction of Paku Atai Merah tubers have an excellent antioxidant agent to develop as a food supplement.
Preparation of leaf anatomy slide using modification protocols
Authors: Mardiyyaningsih A N , Daningsih E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Preparing leaf anatomy slide is a routine procedure in physiology and anatomy plant research. A standard microtechnique method frequently adopted for doing such procedure is Johansens’. However, for early user such as university students, executing this method may be challenging in term of using many chemicals in different stages which make it more pricey and need longer duration. This research attempts to analyse the possibility for using simpler protocol suggested by Gunarso to replace Johansens method. It is conducted under a qualitative experiment design involving leaves from monocotyl and dicotyl classes as samples. Samples are analysed with safranin-fast green staining protocols. Result shows that there is no difference between Johanssens’ and Gunarso modified protocol (GMP) with respect to vivid observable of the cell membrane, the tissue structure, and the colour intensity. Hence, this new modification protocol is potential to replace the Johansens methods in leaf anatomy slide
Biomimicry of greater club rush (Scirpus grossus L.f) and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour): Wetland plants inspiring innovative modular design
Authors: Krisdianto  , Haryanti N H , Susilawati I O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Intersection of three, terrestrial, aerial and aquatic ecosystems create a rich biodiversity and abundance ecosystem services, wetlands. A study of the Greater Club Rush and Water Mimosa, which are aquatic plants, as provision services has grown well and mosaic ornamented in shallow swampy land, has been carried out in 2021. This research aims to elucidate those plants capability to adapt of flooding situation and may inspire us about basic industrial prototyping products. For those, we calculate population density, basal area, height, biomass, bending moment and cut the stalk section to find out multi-folded a stalk like-stem. Also, we measure the length of leaves and weight of aerenchyma. The result shows the stalk of the Greater Club Rush is very possible to stand still to reduce the speed of flooding water, and Mimosa capability to floating it stem and branches as guaranty for photosynthesis in high tide water. In conclusion, those two plants have strongly possibility to adapt in flooding condition and inspiring us as a natural master copy of floating creative industrial modular designs to overcome the fluctuation of water level in the era of climate change, multi-folded walls and Tsunami floating capsules.
Trachea features and fiber dimensions of fast-growing tree: A case study on wood samples from eastern Indonesia
Authors: Dewi A P , Tihurua E F , Wulansari T Y I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fast-growing plant is one of the characteristics of pioneer plants. Commonly, the plants grow in areas that is exposed to sunlight such as open area and forest edges. Fast-growing plants have different anatomical and physical wood characteristics compare with slow-growing plants. Therefore, this study aims to examine the anatomical characteristics of fast-growing plants, especially trees, namely the fiber cells and trachea features. A total of 33 wood samples from 28 species were used in this study. We used wood samples from Eastern Indonesia deposited at Herbarium Bogoriense. Examined wood samples are taken from branches with 1-2 cm of diameter. The anatomical characters observed were focused on two types of cells, namely fiber cells (fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber cell wall thickness, lumen width, identification of septate fibers and fibers pit) and the trachea (perforation type, pit arrangement, and pit form). From the observations of all wood samples showed that the length of fiber cells are classified as short (18 species) and medium (10 species) fiber. There are two groups of fiber cell wall thickness viz. very thin (16 species) and thin to thick (12 species). Septate fibers only found in 7 species especially Chisocheton and Teijsmanniodendron. Fiber’s pit observed in Horsfieldia parviflora, Mallotus peltatus, dan Neuburgia corynocarpa. All species have simple tracheal perforation with alternate or opposite pit arrangement. Moreover, branch wood samples have polygonal pit shape, oval or combination of those two shapes were found in some species, such as Horsfieldia parviflora, Sandoricum koetjape and Teijsmanniodendron bogoreinse.