bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predisposing factors for a second fragile hip fracture in a population of 1130 patients with hip fractures, treated at Oulu University Hospital in 2013–2016: a retrospective study
Authors: Helynen Nelli , Rantanen Lotta , Lehenkari Petri , Valkealahti Maarit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
The life-time risk of a second fragile hip fracture is 8.4%, but the risk factors that predispose to a second hip fracture remain unresolved. This study aimed to define risk factors that predisposed patients to a second hip fracture.

Methods
For this retrospective study, we retrieved clinical data on 1130 patients with fragile hip fractures (67.2% female, mean age: 79.3 years) that underwent surgery at the Oulu University Hospital in 2013–2016. These data included the fracture risk assessment score (measured with the FRAX tool), the bone-mass T-score, laboratory values, ambulatory capacity, and the time of death.

Results
In this population, 12.4% of patients sustained a second hip fracture. The predisposing factors for a second hip fracture were: female (p = 0.016), a high FRAX score (p = 0.020), and low physical capacity (p < 0.001). The vitamin D level recommended for treating osteoporosis (i.e., vitamin D > 75 nmol/l) was observed in only 24% of patients, and 42% of patients had ionized calcium levels below the reference range. According to the level of the cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), 37% of patients did not have high bone turnover. We found a positive correlation between age and ICTP (p = 0.001). The risk of death was higher after the second hip fracture (p = 0.005), but we found no difference in age between patients with first and second hip fractures (p = 0.11).

Conclusion
After a hip fracture, a second hip fracture is a well-known risk. Nevertheless, we found that only one-third of patients with a second hip fracture had used anti-osteoporosis medication at any time previously. These findings suggested that second hip fractures were most likely to occur in patients with osteopenic T-score values, in women more often than men, and in patients with high FRAX scores and low ambulatory capacity.
The ability of remaining glomerular podocytes to adapt to the loss of their neighbours decreases with age
Authors: van der Wolde James , Haruhara Kotaro , Puelles Victor G. , Nikolic-Paterson David , Bertram John F. , Cullen-McEwen Luise A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProgressive podocyte loss is a feature of healthy ageing. While previous studies have reported age-related changes in podocyte number, density and size and associations with proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, few studies have examined how the response of remaining podocytes to podocyte depletion changes with age. Mild podocyte depletion was induced in PodCreiDTR mice aged 1, 6, 12 and 18 months via intraperitoneal administration of diphtheria toxin. Control mice received intraperitoneal vehicle. Podometrics, proteinuria and glomerular pathology were assessed, together with podocyte expression of p-rp-S6, a phosphorylation target that represents activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Podocyte number per glomerulus did not change in control mice in the 18-month time period examined. However, control mice at 18 months had the largest podocytes and the lowest podocyte density. Podocyte depletion at 1, 6 and 12 months resulted in mild albuminuria but no glomerulosclerosis, whereas similar levels of podocyte depletion at 18 months resulted in both albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. Following podocyte depletion at 6 and 12 months, the number of p-rp-S6 positive podocytes increased significantly, and this was associated with an adaptive increase in podocyte volume. However, at 18 months of age, remaining podocytes were unable to further elevate mTOR expression or undergo hypertrophic adaptation in response to mild podocyte depletion, resulting in marked glomerular pathology. These findings demonstrate the importance of mTORC1-mediated podocyte hypertrophy in both physiological (ageing) and adaptive settings, highlighting a functional limit to podocyte hypertrophy reached under physiological conditions.
Perception of Faces and Other Progressively Higher-Order Properties
Authors: Calzavarini Fabrizio , Voltolini Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOn the basis of a new criterion for a property to be perceivable–a property is perceivable iff it is not only given immediately and non-volitionally, but also grasped via a holistic form of attention–in this paper we will claim that not only facial properties, but other high-order properties located in a hierarchy of high-order properties, notably gender and racial properties, are perceivable as well. Such claims will be both theoretically and empirically justified.
Control Theory Forecasts of Optimal Training Dosage to Facilitate Children’s Arithmetic Learning in a Digital Educational Application
Authors: Chow Sy-Miin , Lee Jungmin , Hofman Abe D. , van der Maas Han L. J. , Pearl Dennis K. , Molenaar Peter C. M. 
Published: March 2022

Education can be viewed as a control theory problem in which students seek ongoing exogenous input—either through traditional classroom teaching or other alternative training resources—to minimize the discrepancies between their actual and target (reference) performance levels. Using illustrative data from n=784\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$n=784$$\end{document} Dutch elementary school students as measured using the Math Garden, a web-based computer adaptive practice and monitoring system, we simulate and evaluate the outcomes of using off-line and finite memory linear quadratic controllers with constraintsto forecast students’ optimal training durations. By integrating population standards with each student’s own latent change information, we demonstrate that adoption of the control theory-guided, person- and time-specific training dosages could yield increased training benefits at reduced costs compared to students’ actual observed training durations, and a fixed-duration training scheme. The control theory approach also outperforms a linear scheme that provides training recommendations based on observed scores under noisy and the presence of missing data. Design-related issues such as ways to determine the penalty cost of input administration and the size of the control horizon window are addressed through a series of illustrative and empirically (Math Garden) motivated simulations.
Selbstimage und öffentliches Image des Pflegeberufs: eine quantitative und qualitative Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Julier-Abgottspon Evelyn , Brunner-Pfaffen Sarah , Eissler Christian 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein schlechtes Image der Pflege stellt für den Beruf ein großes Problem dar.

Ziel
Diese Erhebungen hatten zum Ziel, empirische Daten in Bezug auf das Selbstimage von diplomierten Pflegefachpersonen in der Schweiz am Beispiel des Oberwallis zu erheben und darzulegen, wie diplomierte Pflegefachpersonen in der Schweiz ihr öffentliches Image einschätzen. Das Selbstimage der diplomierten Pflegefachpersonen sollte dann mit deren Vorstellung des öffentlichen Images verglichen werden. Mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen soziodemografischen Angaben und der Eigenwahrnehmung des Images sollten untersucht werden.

Methoden
Um das Forschungsvorhaben umzusetzen, wurden ein quantitatives und ein qualitatives Design gewählt. Anhand der Porter Nursing Image Scale und mittels Querschnittsdesign wurden 364 diplomierte Pflegefachpersonen zu deren Image befragt. Zeitgleich wurden zwei Fokusgruppeninterviews mit insgesamt 18 diplomierten Pflegefachpersonen aus dem Akutbereich sowie aus dem stationären und ambulanten Langzeitpflegebereich durchgeführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Diplomierte Pflegefachpersonen im Oberwallis haben ein gutes Selbstimage, schätzen sich selbst aber als wenig einflussreich und als abhängig ein. Deren Auffassung des öffentlichen Images ist im Vergleich zu ihrem Selbstimage deutlich negativer.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Entwicklung von Strategien zur Stärkung des Selbstimages und zur Verbesserung des öffentlichen Images in der Lehre und Praxis sind nötig.
Eine Neuordnung der Zeit? Zum Verhältnis von Zeitlichkeit, Kapitalismus und Staat im Zeichen der Pandemie
Authors: Suckert Lisa 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungErmöglicht die Coronapandemie eine Abkehr vom kapitalistischen Zeitregime? Bedingt die Krise eine nachhaltige Neuordnung der Zeit? Der Beitrag betrachtet die COVID-19-Pandemie und die mit ihr einhergehenden staatlichen Maßnahmen aus einer zeit- und wirtschaftssoziologischen Perspektive. Er macht deutlich, dass sich die sozialen und ökonomischen Verwerfungen der Pandemie auch als Ergebnis einer Kollision entgegengesetzter zeitlicher Logiken verstehen lassen. Die staatlichen Maßnahmen zur Pandemiebekämpfung erzwangen zunächst einen Umgang mit Zeit, der dem kapitalistischen Zeitregime und dessen Prinzipien – Kommodifizierung und rationale Verwertung von Zeit, Beschleunigung sowie Aneignung der Zukunft – widerspricht. Anders als dies z.B. Hartmut Rosa erhofft, impliziert diese „Rückkehr des Staates“ als zeitpolitische Ordnungsmacht jedoch noch keinen Pfadwechsel hin zu einer andauernden „Neuordnung der Zeit“. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass insbesondere jene staatlichen Interventionen, die über die reine Pandemiebekämpfung hinausgehen, als Vermittlungsversuche zwischen unterschiedlichen zeitlichen Logiken zu verstehen sind. Sie federn die Kollision entgegengesetzter zeitlicher Logiken zwar ab, erleichtern im Kern jedoch ein „Zurück“ zum kapitalistischen Zeitregime. Zeitbezogene Ungleichheiten werden dabei unbeirrt fortgeschrieben.
Overpressure mechanism prediction based on well log and mineralogy analysis from drill cuttings of well NSE-001 in the North Sumatra Basin area, Indonesia
Authors: Buntoro Aris , Rahmad Basuki , Asmorowati Dewi , Lukmana Allen Haryanto , Fattah Esha Faisal , Anuraga Edo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe well NSE-001 is an exploration well located in the North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia, which penetrates several formations with overpressure zones that have the potential as a drilling hazard in this area. The results of the pore pressure fracture gradient model show that the response of the wireline log data of well NSE-001 based on the normal compaction trend has two types of overpressure mechanisms, namely loading and unloading. Rapid sedimentation in the development of the Lower Baong Formation and Upper Baong Formation as thick and massive shale sequences in the North Sumatra Basin is the main factor in the generation of an overpressure zone with a loading mechanism. This correlates with the travel time in the sonic log which is relatively constant with response to the normal compaction trend at depth intervals of 620–1500 mMD (from the Middle Baong Sand Formation to the Top Gebang Sand Formation). The presence of sillimanite and kaliophilite minerals in bulk analysis from drill cuttings at depth intervals of 2200–3820 mMD contributed to the generation of hydrocarbon, while clay analysis showed that the mineral content of kaolinite + illite as alteration product (clay diagenesis) was higher than the mineral content of smectite. The results of the mineralogy analysis (bulk and clay) correlated with the response of the wireline log data of well NSE-001 to the normal compaction trend, which showed that at depth interval of 1500 m to 3200 mMD (from the Top Gebang Sand Formation to the Top Upper Belumai Formation) is an overpressure zone with an unloading mechanism, which was characterized by fluid expansion caused by clay diagenesis and possibly hydrocarbon generation.
The influence of nanomaterials on pyocyanin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Jabłońska Joanna , Dubrowska Kamila , Augustyniak Adrian , Wróbel Rafał J. , Piz Mateusz , Cendrowski Krzysztof , Rakoczy Rafał 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium producing industrially utile metabolites, such as rhamnolipids, biopolymers, and pigments. Pyocyanin, the most studied example of pigments, is a virulence factor that also shows the potential for application in, e.g., agriculture, anticancer therapy, and energy production. Therefore, potential inhibitors and stimulants of pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa should be studied, and nanomaterials may cause both effects. The study aimed to examine the influence of zinc oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (pristine or dispersed with alginic acid) on pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa. First, the influence of different concentrations of nanomaterials (500.00–0.06 µg/mL) on culture optical density and biofilm formation was studied. These results helped select concentrations for further tests, i.e., growth curves and fluorescence measurements. Pyocyanin production was assessed by the chloroform–hydrochloric acid method. SEM analysis was conducted to assess the influence of nanomaterials on the cell's integrity and biofilm structure. Pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes exhibited a stimulative effect on pigment production when applied in high concentrations (500.00 µg/mL), while dispersed material enhanced the production in lowered dosages (125.00 µg/mL). On the other hand, high concentrations of zinc oxide inhibited pyocyanin production, while minor increased bioproduct production. The research indicates the potential to use nanomaterials as the modulators of pyocyanin production and other metabolites.
Extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting the activity budget of alpine marmots (Marmota marmota)
Authors: Ferrari Caterina , Pasquaretta Cristian , Caprio Enrico , Ranghetti Luigi , Bogliani Giuseppe , Rolando Antonio , Bertolino Sandro , Bassano Bruno , von Hardenberg Achaz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtrinsic and intrinsic factors may influence the activity budget of wild animals, resulting in a variation in the time spent in different activities among populations or individuals of the same species. In this study, we examined how extrinsic and intrinsic factors affect the behaviour of the alpine marmot (Marmota marmota), a hibernating social rodent inhabiting high-elevation prairies in the European Alps. We collected behavioural observations during scan sampling sessions on marked individuals at two study sites with different environmental characteristics. We used Bayesian hierarchical multinomial regression models to analyse the influence of both intrinsic (sex and age-dominance status) and extrinsic (environmental and climatic variables) factors on the above-ground activity budget. Marmots spent most of their time above ground foraging, and were more likely to forage when it was cloudy. Extrinsic factors such as the site, period of the season (June, July–August, and August–September), and time of the day were all related to the probability of engaging in vigilance behaviour, which reaches its peak in early morning and late afternoon and during July, the second period included in the study. Social behaviours, such as affiliative and agonistic behaviours, were associated mostly with sex and age-dominance status, and yearlings were the more affiliative individuals compared to other status. Overall, our results suggest that in alpine marmots, intrinsic factors mostly regulate agonistic and affiliative behaviours, while extrinsic factors, with the unexpected exception of temperature, affect the probabilities of engaging in all types of behavioural categories.
Realistic Simulation of Multiphase Kick Tolerance Model Promotes Safer Well Control Operations: Case Study
Authors: Elsayed Said K. , Azab Hany M. , Abdellatief Ahmed E. , Salem Adel M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNowadays, deep-water drilling is of great importance for the development of oil and gas production. It is necessary to determine the maximum pressure that the formation can withstand during well control operation. This value can be calculated using several variables, including kick tolerance. The purpose of this study is to analyze a real well control event using dynamic well control modeling software that calculates the kick tolerance based on the single-phase and multiphase dispersed kick (gas) model. The initial results show that the type of drilling fluid plays an important role in the calculation of the kick tolerance. The calculated kick tolerance using a single-phase model indicates an allowable kick volume of 56 barrels (bbls), but in reality, we had a dispersed gas kick in a synthetic oil-based mud (SOBM) drilling fluid, which requires special kick tolerance calculations based on a multiphase dynamic model. After reviewing the results of the multiphase kick tolerance simulation, it was found that the maximum gas kick volume is more than twice that of using a single-phase model in an oil-based mud drilling fluid, allowing safe well control operations and reducing the possibility of accidents.
Principal component analysis and partial least square regression models to understand sorption-enhanced biomass gasification
Authors: Callén María Soledad , Martínez Isabel , Grasa Gemma , López José Manuel , Murillo Ramón 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGasification represents a potential technology for the conversion of biomass into usable energy. The influence of the main gasification parameters, i.e. the type of biomass used and its composition, as well as the composition of the outlet gas, were studied by a multivariate statistical analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression models in order to identify the main correlations between them and to the contents of methane, ethylene and tar in the outlet gas. In this work, the experimental data used as input for the multivariate statistical analysis came from a TRL-4 gasification plant running under sorption enhanced conditions, i.e. using steam as the gasifying agent and CaO as the bed material. The composition of the biomass feed played an important role in the quality of the outlet gas composition. In fact, biomasses with high ash and sulphur contents (municipal solid waste) increased ethylene content, while those with high-volatile matter content and fixed C content (wood pellets, straw pellets and grape seeds) mainly increased CO and CO2 formation. By increasing the gasification bed temperature and the CaO/C ratio, it was possible to reduce the methane and the collected tar contents in the outlet gas. Other light hydrocarbons could also be reduced by controlling the Treactor and TFB. Methane, ethylene and tar contents were modelled, cross-validated and tested with a new set of samples by PLS obtaining results with an average overall error between 8 and 26%. The statistically significant variables to predict methane and ethylene content were positively associated to the thermal input and negatively to the CaO/C ratio. The biomass composition was also remarkable for both variables, as mentioned in the PCA analysis. As far as the tar content, which is undesirable in all gasification processes, the decrease in the tar content was favoured by high bed temperature, low thermal input and biomass with high-volatile matter content. In order to produce an outlet gas with adequate quality (e.g. low tar content), a compromise should be found to balance average bed temperature, sorbent-to-mass ratio, and ultimate and proximate analyses of the biomass feed.
Graphical abstract
Nuclear translocation of vitellogenin in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Salmela Heli , Harwood Gyan P. , Münch Daniel , Elsik Christine G. , Herrero-Galán Elías , Vartiainen Maria K. , Amdam Gro V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVitellogenin (Vg) is a conserved protein used by nearly all oviparous animals to produce eggs. It is also pleiotropic and performs functions in oxidative stress resistance, immunity, and, in honey bees, behavioral development of the worker caste. It has remained enigmatic how Vg affects multiple traits. Here, we asked whether Vg enters the nucleus and acts via DNA-binding. We used cell fractionation, immunohistology, and cell culture to show that a structural subunit of honey bee Vg translocates into cell nuclei. We then demonstrated Vg-DNA binding theoretically and empirically with prediction software and chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP-seq), finding binding sites at genes influencing immunity and behavior. Finally, we investigated the immunological and enzymatic conditions affecting Vg cleavage and nuclear translocation and constructed a 3D structural model. Our data are the first to show Vg in the nucleus and suggest a new fundamental regulatory role for this ubiquitous protein.
Flat firms, complementary choices, employee effort, and the pyramid principle
Authors: Sorenson Olav 
Published: March 2022

AbstractI review Markus Reitzig’s book, Get Better at Flatter, and offer some critical observations on why managers might want to flatten their firms and on Reitzig’s advice to them. I also introduce the pyramid principle, a simple theory of why firms might end up taller than they would want to be.
A continuous variable Born machine
Authors: Čepaitė Ieva , Coyle Brian , Kashefi Elham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenerative modelling has become a promising use case for near-term quantum computers. Due to the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, quantum computers naturally model and learn probability distributions, perhaps more efficiently than can be achieved classically. The quantum circuit Born machine is an example of such a model, easily implemented on near-term quantum computers. However, the Born machine was originally defined to naturally represent discrete distributions. Since probability distributions of a continuous nature are commonplace in the world, it is essential to have a model which can efficiently represent them. Some proposals have been made in the literature to supplement the discrete Born machine with extra features to more easily learn continuous distributions; however, all invariably increase the resources required. In this work, we discuss the continuous variable Born machine, built on the alternative architecture of continuous variable quantum computing, which is much more suitable for modelling such distributions in a resource-minimal way. We provide numerical results indicating the model’s ability to learn both quantum and classical continuous distributions, including in the presence of noise.
Perfect NOT and conjugate transformations
Authors: Yan Fengli , Gao Ting 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe obtain the perfect NOT transformation criteria, two necessary and sufficient conditions for realizing a perfect NOT transformation on a quantum state set S of a qubit. Furthermore, we discuss a probabilistic perfect NOT transformation when there is no perfect NOT transformation on a state set S. We also generalize the perfect NOT transformation to the conjugate transformation in the multi-level quantum system and a lower bound of the best possible efficiencies attained by a probabilistic perfect conjugate transformation are obtained.