bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial distribution of functional nitrogen genes associated with thermal stratification in the subtropical reservoir
Authors: Yang Zhihong , Yang Ming , Bai Chuanzhu , Rong Huanan , Yue Yihong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seasonal thermal stratification is an important hydrological feature of subtropical reservoirs and affects the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen, which is highly dependent on microbial processes. However, the influence of seasonal thermal stratification on the temporal and spatial distribution of nitrification and denitrification microorganisms is still not clear. This study conducted a detailed survey of a large subtropical reservoir (Xin'anjiang reservoir, XAJR) in eastern China across time (April, July, October 2021, and January 2022) and space (four sampling points with different water depths, covering the epilimnion, thermocline, and isothermal). The research showed that XAJR was a typical subtropical monomer model. Thermal stratification had spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and the DO and pH in water also showed a similar stratification phenomenon. We investigated the temporal and spatial distribution of gene abundance of bacteria and archaea (16S rRNA), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (amoA-AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (amoA-AOB), and denitrifying bacteria (nirS) by quantitative PCR. We found that the abundance of nitrogen functional genes also showed seasonal stratification in the vertical profile, and the vertical changes of the relative abundance of amoA-AOA / archaea, amoA-AOB / bacteria, and nirS / bacteria genes were highly similar to the corresponding changes of single functional genes. The quantitative distribution of amoA and nirS genes had seasonal differences. The copies number of amoA gene in the stratified stage were greater than that in the mixed stage, while the copies number of the nirS gene in the early and mixed stages of thermal stratification were greater than that in the stratified mature stage. RDA and correlation analysis showed that a variety of environmental factors affected the seasonal distribution of amoA and nirS gene abundance, which may be due to environmental changes caused by thermal stratification. Our results emphasized the importance of seasonal thermal stratification in the reservoir and expanded the understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in the ecosystem of subtropical reservoirs.
Quantization Methods Based on Norms for Complex Gaussian-Like Signals in SDR Applications
Authors: Savaux Vincent , Delacourt Christophe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with quantization and clipping methods for complex Gaussian-like signal such as multicarrier waveforms in an software define radio (SDR) context. The process involving the quantization of the real and imaginary parts of any signal independently is a basic of digital signal processing, therefore plenty of papers about these techniques are available in the literature. In this paper, we rather consider the quantization of Gaussian complex signals as a whole. To this end, we base our quantization and clipping methods on norms such as Euclidean or infinity norms, allowing the quantized signal to keep the complex argument of the clipped signal samples unchanged and to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Furthermore, we derive the corresponding performance analysis in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM), bit error rate (BER), and complexity. We show that simulations match the theoretical results, and that the suggested quantization methods outperform the usual one and reduces the PAPR of the signal, to the cost of an increase of complexity. Furthermore, we discuss the extension of the principle to any norm, as well as practical signals taken from standards such as 5G for instance.
Seasonal Fluctuation of Water Quality and Ecogenomic Phylogeny of Novel Potentional Microbial Pollution Indicators of Veshaw River-Western Himalaya
Authors: Rather Rauoof Ahmad , Ara Shoukat , Padder Shahid Ahmad , Sharma Sanjeev , Mir Shakeel Ahmad , Lone Farooq Ahmad , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Baba Tawseef Rehman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Almost a billion people, especially in developing countries, need safe water. Several studies in India show that most drinking water sources have high coliform counts. Standard quality control is needed. This study was conducted in rural parts of South Kashmir in the Western Himalaya from February to January, 2020–2022. Water samples were taken from the river from upstream to downstream using standard water sampling techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the detection and molecular identification of coliforms in drinking water and the chemical water quality associated with coliform-contaminated drinking water, which summarises river water pollution. The results showed significant variation in water quality measures, indicating increased pollution levels downstream. In all seasons, the highest coliform count was recorded at Sangam (downstream) of the river. In the summer season at Sangam it was recorded (72.2600 cfu 106/l) and no coliform count was found at Kongwaton (upper stream) during the winter season near the source of the Veshaw river. In all seasons, the highest values of water quality parameters (pH 6.847, EC 71.620 dS/m, BOD 1.120 mg/l, and COD 24.637 mg/l) were recorded at Sangam (downstream) of the river during the summer season. In the winter season at Kongwaton, the lowest values of water quality parameters were pH 8.947, EC 253.680 dS/m, BOD 4.963 mg/l, and COD 51.440 mg/l. The existence of coliforms in water indicates current faecal contamination and determines the presence of disease-causing pathogens. The goal of this work is to examine the level of total coliform contamination, coliform species identification, and chemical water quality properties of drinking water and its associated factors, which implies the pollution level in the river. Total DNA was collected and sequenced for 16S rDNA and metagenomics. Universal primers were used to amplify the bacterial 16S rRNA. Using BLAST, the amplified 16S rRNA gene sequence was matched to the NCBI database. A metagenomic study found 27 species that had different relative abundances. These species include E. coli, Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia albertii, Klebsiella grimontii, and Shigella dysenteriae. This study is thought to be the first to discriminate against E. fergusonii, Escherichia albertii, Klebsiella grimontii, and Shigella dysenteriae from E. coli and to report on E. fergusonii and E. albertii, Klebsiella grimontii, and Shigella dysenteriae in the river Veshaw water sources in Kulgam, Western Himalaya.
Transmon qubit readout fidelity at the threshold for quantum error correction
without a quantum-limited amplifier
Authors: Chen Liangyu , Li Hang-Xi , Lu Yong , Warren Christopher , Križan Christian , Kosen Sandoko , Rommel Marcus , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Osman Amr , Biznárová Janka , Roudsari Anita Fadavi , Lienhard Benjamin , Caputo Marco , Grigoras Kestutis , Grönberg Leif , Govenius Joonas , Kockum Anton , Delsing Per , Bylander Jonas , Tancredi Giovanna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
High-fidelity and rapid readout of a qubit state is key to quantum computing and communication,
and it is a prerequisite for quantum error correction. We present a readout scheme for superconducting
qubits that combines two microwave techniques: applying a shelving technique to the qubit
that effectively increases the energy-relaxation time, and a two-tone excitation of the readout resonator
to distinguish among qubit populations in higher energy levels. Using a machine-learning
algorithm to post-process the two-tone measurement results further improves the qubit-state assignment
fidelity. We perform single-shot frequency-multiplexed qubit readout, with a 140 ns readout
time, and demonstrate 99.5% assignment fidelity for two-state readout and 96.9% for three-state
readout—without using a quantum-limited amplifier.
Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Response and Immunogenicity Assessment after One Week and Three Months in Repeatedly Vaccinated Adults
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Takahashi Meiko , Setoh Kazuya , Yamaguchi Izumi , Tabara Yasuharu , Steen Kristel Van , Sakuntabhai Anavaj , Matsuda Fumihiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Growth rate and efficiency-related traits in Kermani lambs: estimations of (co)variance components and genetic parameters
Authors: Ehsaninia Jamshid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using Kermani sheep, the current study estimated (co)variance components and genetic parameters for average daily gain, Kleiber ratio, growth efficiency and relative growth rate. Data were analyzed by the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) method using six animal models with different combinations of direct and maternal effects. The best-fitting model was determined after testing for improvement in log-likelihood values. The estimates of h2 for average daily gain (ADG), Klieber ratio (KR), growth efficiency (GE) and relative growth rate (RGR) in pre- and post-weaning phases were 0.13 ± 0.6 and 0.17 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.04, and 0.16 ± 0.03; 0.05 ± 0.05 and 0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.06 ± 0.02 and 0.07 ± 0.01, respectively. Maternal heritabilities (m2) ranged from 0.03 ± 0.01 for relative growth rate in pre-weaning phase to 0.11 ± 0.04 for average daily gain in post-weaning period. The maternal permanent environmental component (Pe2) accounted for 3–13% to the phenotypic variance for all the studied traits. Estimated values of additive coefficient of variations (CVA) ranged from 2.79% for relative growth rate at six months of age to 23.74% for growth efficiency at yearling age. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among traits were ranged from − 0.687 to 0.946 and − 0.648 to 0.918, respectively. The result indicated that selection for growth rate and efficiency-related traits would also be less effective in achieving genetic change, because there was little additive genetic variation among Kermani lambs.
Bayesian Shrinkage Estimation for the Erlang Distribution using Type-II Progressive Censored Data
Authors: Kazmi Syed Mohsin Ali , Aslam Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Bayesian shrinkage estimation using progressive censoring sampling has acquired significant consideration among researchers in the recent decade. In this paper, we have introduced the Bayesian shrinkage estimation for the Erlang distribution by using Type-II progressive censored data. It is observed that the results of Bayesian shrinkage estimation are more tractable than Bayesian estimation and maximum likelihood estimation especially when prior information about the parameter is known in the form of point guess value. For comparison purposes, we have obtained Bayes estimate, Bayes shrinkage estimate, and maximum likelihood estimate along with their associated risks using generalized entropy loss function. The method of elicitation is also employed by using prior predictive distribution to calculate the values of hyperparameters. Some simulated comparisons of the estimates are presented here. Real-life data and rigorous simulation schemes are used to calculate Bayes estimates.
Mathematics Subject Classification: 62F10; 62F15; 62N02; 62N05
Cellulose Derivatives Functionalized with Multidentate N‑Donor Atoms: Comparative Adsorption of Cadmium(II) and Lead(II) Ions from Water
Authors: Ding Baohong , Yang Lu , Fan Hongtao , You Nan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cellulose derivatives functionalized with multidentate N‑donor atoms containing two, three and four amino functional groups (as marked N2-CL, N3-CL and N4-CL) have been prepared by grafting of linear aliphatic polyamines into the cellulose backbone through the Schiff base reaction. Adsorption performances of these cellulose derivatives have been compared. An increase in the adsorptive amounts of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions with increasing N‑donor atoms of the grafted polyamines onto the cellulose backbone is found to give the maximum capacity N4-CL > N3-CL > N2-CL for both the ions. The N4-CL with high N content (up to 5.2 mmol N g− 1) exhibits higher adsorptive capacities of 249.7 mg g− 1 for Cd2+ and 401.2 mg g− 1 for Pb2+. The adsorption of both the ions by the three cellulose derivatives is achieved within 30 min, is independent of pH in the range of 4.5-6 for Cd2+ and 4–6 for Pb2+, and can be satisfactorily fitted by Langmuir and pseudo-second-order equations. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of both the ions suggest an endothermic and endothermic nature and favorable interactions between N‑donor atoms and the ions. The developed cellulose derivatives are promising for the enhanced removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from water.
Prevalence and predictors of unrecognized low sexual desire/interest in men with new onset erectile dysfunction: findings from a cross-sectional, real-life study
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Cilio Simone , Boeri Luca , Pozzi Edoardo , Fallara Giuseppe , Belladelli Federico , Corsini Christian , Capogrosso Paolo , d'Arma Alessia , Imbimbo Ciro , Palmieri Alessandro , Mirone Vincenzo , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The interrelationship between male sexual desire and erectile dysfunction (ED) has been scantly investigated. Thus, we aimed at investigating the prevalence of and the predictors of unrecognized low sexual desire/interest (uLSD/I) in a cohort of men with new onset ED. Complete data from 1509 men seeking for first medical help for ED between 2010 and 2021 were analysed. Comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). At entrance, all patients were asked to self-report LSD/I and completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (depressive symptoms scored as BDI ≥ 11). The IIEF-erectile function (IIEF-EF) domain was categorized according to Cappelleri’s criteria. The median value of the IIEF-sexual desire domain (IIEF-SD) was used to dichotomize men with uLSD/I along with ED (IIEF-SD < 7) vs. ED-only (IIEF-SD ≥ 7). Circulating hormones were measured in every patient. Hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone (tT) < 3.0 ng/mL. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the association between clinical variables and uLSD/I. Of 1197 patients not self-reporting LSD/I, 369 (30.8%) had IIEF-SD < 7. Patients with ED + uLSD/I were older [median (IQR) 54(41–63) vs. 49(36–59) years], had lower IIEF-EF [10.5(5-21.8) vs. 22(11–28)] but higher BDI [6(3–12) vs. 4(1–8)] and lower tT [4.3(3.2–5.7) vs. 4.8(3.2–6.8) ng/mL] compared to ED-only men (all p < 0.05). Overall, ED + uLSD/I men had higher rate of severe ED (49.9% vs. 23.1%), and of BDI ≥ 11 (30.6% vs. 18.2%) (all p < 0.05). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, lower tT (OR: 0.82), lower IIEF-EF scores (OR:0.95) and BDI ≥ 11 (OR:2.51) were independently associated with ED + uLSD/I, after accounting for age (all p < 0.05). Almost 30% of men seeking first medical help for ED-only had also uLSD/I. Men with both conditions were older, had higher rates of severe ED and more depressive symptoms. A detailed investigation of sexual desire should be always included in men self-complaining only of ED.
Staphylococcus Aureus coverage in acute bacterial sialadenitis in xerostomia patients; Cephalosporins or Beta-lactamase Penicillins?
Authors: Zokaee Haleh , Ahadian Hakimeh , Zandi Hengameh , karbasi Mohammad Hassan Akhavan , Samadaei Mahdis , Owlia Mohammad Bagher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Severe dry mouth can be the leading cause of bacterial sialadenitis by Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) as the most causing bacterial agent. Both of the Beta-lactamase Penicillins and the first-generation of Cephalosporins have been suggested as a treatment of the choice in such these conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the minimum inhibitory concentration of Cephalothin and Oxacillin against the SA by E-Test method.
Methods: In 62 Sjogren's patients, Sampling was done from the right parotid gland and the samples were sent to the lab within two hours. After certain microbial lab procedures (culture, SA identification and isolation), Positive samples for SA were collected and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was measured in each sample for both Cephalothin and Oxacillin by
detecting eclipse around E-Test strips. Also MIC50 and MIC90 of these two antibiotics were recorded. The data were coded by SPSS16 and statistical analysis between two groups was done by Paired T-Test.
Results: SA was isolated from 30 patients (48%). The difference between the average MIC of these two antibiotics was significant (P=0.001). The correlation coefficient between variables was 0.821, which was significant (P<0.0001). MIC 50 of Oxacillin was less than Cephalothin. It was the same for MIC 90. Antibiotic resistance was found in 3% of the patients.
Conclusions: The average MIC in Oxacillin was less than Cephalothin. In other words, Oxacillin was more effective than Cephalothin.
Analysis of the HIV Elimination of Mother-to-Child transmission policy Cascade in Suriname
Authors: Stijnberg Deborah , Holband Suze , Ulenaers Dorien , Schrooten Ward , Adhin Malti R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The calculation of the cascade for the Elimination Mother-to-Child-Transmission of HIV (EMTCT) enables the systematic evaluation of different steps in the health care system towards not transmitting HIV to the exposed infant. This study aims to calculate the EMTCT cascade and identify influencing sociodemographic and clinical factors for Suriname.
Methods
Descriptive analytical study using data regarding prenatal care for women 15–49 year collected in the Multi Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2018. Furthermore, national data from infants and their HIV infected mothers born 2016 to 2018 were used. Multiple regression looking into sociodemographic and clinical factors effecting the transmission of HIV from mother-to-child was executed.
Results
In 89% (95%CI 85–92%) of the cases there was no transmission of HIV from mother-to-child. Earlier cascade steps show 38% unmet family planning needs and evaluating pregnant women 15% with no prenatal visit, 8% deliveries outside a health facility and 72% HIV test coverage during prenatal care. Of the 0.9% (95%CI 0.8-1.0) of pregnant women with HIV, the ART coverage was 84% (95%CI 80–88%). Their infants received HIV prophylactic treatment in 96% (95%CI 93–98%) and a PCR test after birth in 94% (95%CI 90–96%) of the cases. Increased odd of having a negative PCR result was linked with HIV treatment for mother (aOR 26.8, 95% CI 4.1–173.7) and child (aOR 33.9, 95% CI 2.7–419.7). This while living in the interior compared to urban living decreased the odds (aOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0).
Conclusions
HIV medication for both HIV infected mothers and their infants remain key in the prevention of HIV mother-to-child-transmission. Prenatal care for pregnant women in general shows gaps reaching those important steps. Interventions with a particular focus on mothers living in the interior, guaranteeing the continuity of care are needed.
Teaching Medical Students How to Break Bad News Using a Students' Activity: The Role of Mentored Peer Experience
Authors: Ali Eithar M. , Kheiralla Tibyan A. F. , Nasrallah Eman A. , Mohammed Walaa A. , Abdelfatah Duaa S. , Elfadul Khansaa M. , Khair Randa Zaki A. M. , Elkhidir Ibrahim H. , Elhassan Ahmed E. , Abdalrahman Ihab B. , Muneer Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives: Peer learning is a well-known teaching approach that involves students learning from one another. It might be done in a variety of settings, including a student activity (SA). SA is carried out under the guidance of supportive supervisors. It enhances students' confidence and inventiveness as well as achieving learning goals. This study used a structured questionnaire to evaluate the use of the SA as a teaching/learning tool for breaking bad news (BBN) among medical students.Results: Fourth-year medical students were surveyed pre-and post- BBN SA. A total of 132 and 101 students completed the pre- and post-SA questionnaires, respectively. In the pre-SA and post-SA groups, the average age of the respondents was 21.1±1.6 and 21.1±1.7 years, respectively. Females made up 72.7 % of the pre-SA group and 82.7 % of the post-SA group, respectively. With comparing students’ responses post-SA to the pre-SA ones, there was a statistically significant difference in students' perceptions of their competence to break bad news and the perceived requirement to be well trained on BBN. In a post-SA survey, 28.6 % and 27.3 %, respectively, found SA beneficial and pleasant.
Stability of vertical dimension following total arch intrusion
Authors: Kang Dong-Ok , Yu Hyung-Seog , Choi Sung-Hwan , Kim Seong-Taek , Jung Hwi-Dong , Lee Kee-Joon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate stability of vertical dimension following total arch intrusion using miniscrews by measuring the change during treatment and relapse amount after more than one year of retention.
Methods
Thirty patients (6 men, 24 women) were included in this study. Lateral cephalographs were taken with conventional radiography at the start of treatment (T0), after treatment (T1), and at least one year after treatment (T2). The evaluation was performed by measuring changes of selected parameters during treatment and the extent of relapse after more than one year.
Results
During total arch intrusion treatment, anterior and posterior teeth intruded significantly. The mean vertical distance between the maxillary posterior teeth and palatal plane was reduced by 2.30mm(P < 0.001). The mean vertical distance between the maxillary anterior teeth and palatal plane was reduced by 2.04mm(P < 0.001). During retention periods, the FMA angle increased by 0.70°(P < 0.05), the SN-GoMe angle by 0.73°(P < 0.01), and the anterior facial height by 0.81mm(P < 0.01). Among the dental changes during this period, the vertical distance between the maxillary anterior teeth and the palatal plane significantly increased by 0.92mm (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Skeletally, counterclockwise rotation of the mandible occurs after treatment and, in turn, improves skeletal long face. Anterior and posterior tooth significantly intruded during treatment. Anterior facial height significantly decreases after treatment. During retention period, relapse of AFH and maxillary anterior teeth observed. There was no correlation between initial amount of AFH, mandibular plane angle, or SNPog and posttreatment AFH relapse. However, there was a significant correlation between the amount of intrusion of anterior and posterior teeth achieved by the treatment and the extent of relapse.