bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KCNJ14 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of colorectal cells
Authors: Li Bin , Ge Ning , Pan Zhongping , Hou Chaofeng , Xie Kun , Wang Dongfang , Liu Junwei , Wan Jie , Deng Feihong , Li Mengyi , Luo Shuping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
This study attempted to verify the potential of KCNJ14 as a biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Data on transcriptomics and DNA methylation and the clinical information of CRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Biological information analysis methods were conducted to determine the role of KCNJ14 in the prognosis, diagnosis, immune cell infiltration, and regulation mechanism of CRC patients. The effect of KCNJ14 on the proliferation and migration of HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines was verified by in vitro experiments (MTT, colony-forming, wound healing, and transwell assays). Western blotting was performed to detect the effect of KCNJ14 on the levels of mTOR signalling pathway-related proteins.

Results
KCNJ14 expression was remarkably increased in CRC tissues and cell lines, which reduced the overall survival time of patients. KCNJ14 mRNA was negatively regulated by its methylation site cg17660703, which can also endanger the prognosis of patients with CRC. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that KCNJ14 is involved in the mTOR, NOD-like receptor, and VEGF signalling pathways. KCNJ14 expression was positively correlated with the number of CD4 + T cells and negatively correlated with that of CD8 + T cells in the immune microenvironment. KCNJ14 knockdown significantly reduced not only the proliferation and migration of CRC cell lines but also the levels of mTOR signalling pathway-related proteins.

Conclusions
This study not only increases the molecular understanding of KCNJ14 but also provides a potentially valuable biological target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
TRIM proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lu Kan , Pan Yonglong , Huang Zhao , Liang Huifang , Ding Ze-yang , Zhang Bixiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is a highly conserved group of E3 ligases with 77 members known in the human, most of which consist of a RING-finger domain, one or two B-box domains, and a coiled-coil domain. Generally, TRIM proteins function as E3 ligases to facilitate specific proteasomal degradation of target proteins. In addition, E3 ligase independent functions of TRIM protein were also reported. In hepatocellular carcinoma, expressions of TRIM proteins are both regulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. TRIM proteins regulate multiple biological activities and signaling cascades. And TRIM proteins influence hallmarks of HCC. This review systematically demonstrates the versatile roles of TRIM proteins in HCC and helps us better understand the molecular mechanism of the development and progression of HCC.
An investigation of privacy preservation in deep learning-based eye-tracking
Authors: Seyedi Salman , Jiang Zifan , Levey Allan , Clifford Gari D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe expanding usage of complex machine learning methods such as deep learning has led to an explosion in human activity recognition, particularly applied to health. However, complex models which handle private and sometimes protected data, raise concerns about the potential leak of identifiable data. In this work, we focus on the case of a deep network model trained on images of individual faces.Materials and methodsA previously published deep learning model, trained to estimate the gaze from full-face image sequences was stress tested for personal information leakage by a white box inference attack. Full-face video recordings taken from 493 individuals undergoing an eye-tracking- based evaluation of neurological function were used. Outputs, gradients, intermediate layer outputs, loss, and labels were used as inputs for a deep network with an added support vector machine emission layer to recognize membership in the training data.ResultsThe inference attack method and associated mathematical analysis indicate that there is a low likelihood of unintended memorization of facial features in the deep learning model.ConclusionsIn this study, it is showed that the named model preserves the integrity of training data with reasonable confidence. The same process can be implemented in similar conditions for different models.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer therapy resistance: recent advances and therapeutic potential
Authors: Lin Zhengjun , Wu Yanlin , Xu Yiting , Li Guoqing , Li Zhihong , Liu Tang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can be obtained from various human tissues and organs. They can differentiate into a wide range of cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes, thus exhibiting great potential in regenerative medicine. Numerous studies have indicated that MSCs play critical roles in cancer biology. The crosstalk between tumour cells and MSCs has been found to regulate many tumour behaviours, such as proliferation, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that MSCs can secrete exosomes that can modulate the tumour microenvironment and play important roles in tumour development. Notably, very recent works have shown that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-derived exosomes) are critically involved in cancer resistance to chemotherapy agents, targeted-therapy drugs, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we systematically summarized the emerging roles and detailed molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in mediating cancer therapy resistance, thus providing novel insights into the clinical applications of MSC-derived exosomes in cancer management.
Associations of eating speed with fat distribution and body shape vary in different age groups and obesity status
Authors: Ni Saili , Jia Menghan , Wang Xuemiao , Hong Yun , Zhao Xueyin , Zhang Liang , Ru Yuan , Yang Fei , Zhu Shankuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Eating speed has been reported to be associated with energy intake, body weight, waist circumference (WC), and total body fat. However, no study has explored the association between eating speed and body fat distribution, especially its difference among different age or body mass index (BMI) groups.

Methods
4770 participants aged 18–80 years were recruited from the baseline survey of the Lanxi Cohort Study. They were categorized into three groups according to meal duration. Linear regression analyses were performed among all participants and separately by age group and obesity status to evaluate the associations of WC and total and regional fat mass percentages (FM%) with eating speed.

Results
After adjusting for confounding factors, eating slowly was significantly related to lower WC, lower total, trunk, and android FM%, lower android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio, and higher leg and gynoid FM%. After stratification by age or obesity status, the associations were especially prominent among participants aged 18–44 years or those with BMI < 24 kg/m2. No significant trends were found for participants aged 65–80 years or those who were overweight/obese.

Conclusions
Eating slowly is closely related with better fat distribution among Chinese adults, especially for those aged 18–44 years and those with BMI < 24 kg/m2. If confirmed prospectively, it might be a potential efficient approach to improve fat distribution.
The first reported case of a patient with pancreatic cancer treated with cone beam computed tomography-guided stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy (CT-STAR)
Authors: Kim Minsol , Schiff Joshua P. , Price Alex , Laugeman Eric , Samson Pamela P. , Kim Hyun , Badiyan Shahed N. , Henke Lauren E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Online adaptive stereotactic radiotherapy allows for improved target and organ at risk (OAR) delineation and inter-fraction motion management via daily adaptive planning. The use of adaptive SBRT for the treatment of pancreatic cancer (performed until now using only MRI or CT on rails-guided adaptive radiotherapy), has yielded promising outcomes. Herein we describe the first reported case of cone beam CT-guided stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy (CT-STAR) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Case presentation
A 61-year-old female with metastatic pancreatic cancer presented for durable palliation of a symptomatic primary pancreatic mass. She was prescribed 35 Gy/5 fractions utilizing CT-STAR. The patient was simulated utilizing an end-exhale CT with intravenous and oral bowel contrast. Both initial as well as daily adapted plans were created adhering to a strict isotoxicity approach in which coverage was sacrificed to meet critical luminal gastrointestinal OAR hard constraints. Kilovoltage cone beam CTs were acquired on each day of treatment and the radiation oncologist edited OAR contours to reflect the patient’s anatomy-of-the-day. The initial and adapted plan were compared using dose volume histogram objectives, and the superior plan was delivered. Use of the initial treatment plan would have resulted in nine critical OAR hard constraint violations. The adapted plans achieved hard constraints in all five fractions for all four critical luminal gastrointestinal structures.

Conclusions
We report the successful treatment of a patient with pancreatic cancer treated with CT-STAR. Prior to this treatment, the delivery of ablative adaptive radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer was limited to clinics with MR-guided and CT-on-rails adaptive SBRT technology and workflows. CT-STAR is a promising modality with which to deliver stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
Risk factors for posttraumatic empyema in diaphragmatic injuries
Authors: García Alberto Federico , Rodríguez Fernando , Sánchez Álvaro , Caicedo-Holguín Isabella , Gallego-Navarro Carlos , Naranjo María Paula , Caicedo Yaset , Burbano Daniela , Currea-Perdomo Diana Felisa , Ordoñez Carlos A. , Puyana Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries are associated with a high incidence of posttraumatic empyema. We analyzed the contribution of trauma severity, specific organ injury, contamination severity, and surgical management to the risk of posttraumatic empyema in patients who underwent surgical repair of diaphragmatic injuries at a level 1 trauma center.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of the patients who survived more than 48 h. Univariate OR calculations were performed to identify potential risk factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted ORs and identify independent risk factors.

Results
We included 192 patients treated from 2011 to 2020. There were 169 (88.0) males. The mean interquartile range, (IQR) of age, was 27 (22–35) years. Gunshot injuries occurred in 155 subjects (80.7%). Mean (IQR) NISS and ATI were 29 (18–44) and 17 (10–27), respectively. Thoracic AIS was > 3 in 38 patients (19.8%). Hollow viscus was injured in 105 cases (54.7%): stomach in 65 (33.9%), colon in 52 (27.1%), small bowel in 42 (21.9%), and duodenum in 10 (5.2%). Visible contamination was found in 76 patients (39.6%). Potential thoracic contamination was managed with a chest tube in 128 cases (66.7%), with transdiaphragmatic pleural lavage in 42 (21.9%), and with video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery or thoracotomy in 22 (11.5%). Empyema occurred in 11 patients (5.7%). Multiple logistic regression identified thoracic AIS > 3 (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.77–23. 43), and visible contamination (OR 5.13, 95% IC 1.26–20.90) as independent risk factors. The individual organ injured, or the method used to manage the thoracic contamination did not affect the risk of posttraumatic empyema.

Conclusion
The severity of the thoracic injury and the presence of visible abdominal contamination were identified as independent risk factors for empyema after penetrating diaphragmatic trauma.
Systemic interleukin-6 inhibition ameliorates acute neuropsychiatric phenotypes in a murine model of acute lung injury
Authors: Anwar Faizan , Sparrow Nicklaus A. , Rashid Mohammad Harun , Guidry Gena , Gezalian Michael M. , Ley Eric J. , Koronyo-Hamaoui Maya , Danovitch Itai , Ely E. Wesley , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Lahiri Shouri 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcute neuropsychiatric impairments occur in over 70% of patients with acute lung injury. Mechanical ventilation is a well-known precipitant of acute lung injury and is strongly associated with the development of acute delirium and anxiety phenotypes. In prior studies, we demonstrated that IL-6 mediates neuropathological changes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of animals with mechanical ventilation-induced brain injury; however, the effect of systemic IL-6 inhibition on structural and functional acute neuropsychiatric phenotypes is not known. We hypothesized that a murine model of mechanical ventilation-induced acute lung injury (VILI) would induce neural injury to the amygdala and hippocampus, brain regions that are implicated in diverse neuropsychiatric conditions, and corresponding delirium- and anxiety-like functional impairments. Furthermore, we hypothesized that these structural and functional changes would reverse with systemic IL-6 inhibition. VILI was induced using high tidal volume (35 cc/kg) mechanical ventilation. Cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) expression was quantified as a neural injury marker and found to be significantly increased in the VILI group compared to spontaneously breathing or anesthetized and mechanically ventilated mice with 10 cc/kg tidal volume. VILI mice treated with systemic IL-6 inhibition had significantly reduced amygdalar and hippocampal CC3 expression compared to saline-treated animals and demonstrated amelioration in acute neuropsychiatric behaviors in open field, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze tests. Overall, these data provide evidence of a pathogenic role of systemic IL-6 in mediating structural and functional acute neuropsychiatric symptoms in VILI and provide preclinical justification to assess IL-6 inhibition as a potential intervention to ameliorate acute neuropsychiatric phenotypes following VILI.
The CHALLENGE trial: the effects of a virtual reality-assisted exposure therapy for persistent auditory hallucinations versus supportive counselling in people with psychosis: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Smith L. C. , Mariegaard L. , Vernal D. L. , Christensen A. G. , Albert N. , Thomas N. , Hjorthøj C. , Glenthøj L. B. , Nordentoft M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Many patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders continue having distressing auditory hallucinations in spite of treatment with antipsychotic medication. The aim of this trial is to examine the effect of a targeted virtual reality therapy for persistent auditory hallucinations in individuals with psychosis. The trial explores whether this type of therapy can decrease the severity, frequency and distress of auditory hallucinations and, additionally, whether it can reduce clinical symptoms and enhance daily functioning in individuals with psychosis.

Methods
The study is a randomised, assessor-blinded parallel-group superiority clinical trial, allocating a total of 266 patients to either the experimental intervention or supportive counselling. The participants will be randomised to either (1) seven sessions of virtual reality therapy or (2) seven sessions of supportive counselling to be delivered within the first 12 weeks after inclusion in the study. All participants will be assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks post-baseline. Independent assessors blinded to the treatment allocation will evaluate the outcome. The primary outcome is the level of auditory hallucinations measured with the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scales (PSYRATS-AH) total score at the cessation of treatment at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes are frequency of auditory hallucinations, the distress caused by auditory hallucinations, perceived voice power, patient acceptance of voices, patients’ ability to respond to voices in an assertive way and social and daily function.

Discussion
Promising evidence of the efficacy of this immersive virtual reality-based therapy for auditory hallucinations exist, but evidence needs to be established in a large, methodological rigorous trial. If the therapy proves to be beneficial in reducing the severity of refractory auditory hallucinations, a large group of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders could be the target group of this short-term psychotherapeutic intervention.
Landscape of the gut archaeome in association with geography, ethnicity, urbanization, and diet in the Chinese population
Authors: Bai Xiaowu , Sun Yang , Li Yue , Li Maojuan , Cao Zhirui , Huang Ziyu , Zhang Feng , Yan Ping , Wang Lan , Luo Juan , Wu Jing , Fan Dejun , Chen Hongxia , Zhi Min , Lan Ping , Zeng Zhong , Wu Xiaojian , Miao Yinglei , Zuo Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsThe human gut is home to a largely underexplored microbiome component, the archaeome. Little is known of the impact of geography, urbanization, ethnicity, and diet on the gut archaeome in association with host health. We aim to delineate the variation of the human gut archaeome in healthy individuals and its association with environmental factors and host homeostasis.MethodsUsing metagenomic sequencing, we characterized the fecal archaeomes of 792 healthy adult subjects from 5 regions in China, spanning 6 ethnicities (Han, Zang, Miao, Bai, Dai, and Hani), consisting of both urban and rural residents for each ethnicity. In addition, we sampled 119 host variables (including lifestyle, diet, and blood parameters) and interrogated the influences of those factors, individually and combined, on gut archaeome variations.ResultsPopulation geography had the strongest impact on the gut archaeome composition, followed by urbanization, dietary habit, and ethnicity. Overall, the metadata had a cumulative effect size of 11.0% on gut archaeome variation. Urbanization decreased both the α-diversity (intrinsic microbial diversity) and the β-diversity (inter-individual dissimilarities) of the gut archaeome, and the archaea-to-bacteria ratios in feces, whereas rural residents were enriched forMethanobrevibacter smithiiin feces. Consumption of buttered milk tea (a characteristic diet of the rural Zang population) was associated with increased abundance ofM. smithii.M. smithiiwas at the central hub of archaeal-bacterial interactions in the gut microecology, where it was positively correlated with the abundances of a multitude of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (includingRoseburia faecis,Collinsella aerofaciens, andPrevotella copri). Moreover, a decreased abundance ofM. smithiiwas associated with increased human blood levels of cholinesterase in the urban population, coinciding with the increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (such as dementia) during urbanization.ConclusionsOur data highlight marked contributions of environmental and host factors (geography, urbanization, ethnicity, and habitual diets) to gut archaeome variations across healthy individuals, and underscore the impact of urbanization on the gut archaeome in association with host health in modern society.
Assessing Japanese junior high school students’ English achievement through computer-based testing in the classroom: a case of integrated reading-into-writing continuous task
Authors: Niimi Noriyasu , Matsuura Nobukazu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
This paper describes the exploratory case and initial evaluation of the computer-based testing (CBT) prototype. The advantage of CBT over paper-based testing (PBT) is that it allows us to control the order of questions and provides test takers with continuous tasks capturing their thought processes. Additionally, their response process data such as response time (RT) can be obtained. Taking advantage of these, we created a CBT prototype in the classroom for Japanese junior high school students.

Case description
A CBT model was created to assess integrated reading and writing ability and was administered to 32 junior high school students. Their process achievement and the relation between the process response and writing quality were analyzed. Students’ RT for each screen was analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis.

Discussion and evaluation
We identified not only students facing difficulties at each stage of a series of thought processes but also five clusters that include students spending too much time reading source texts or organizing their ideas. We suggest how CBT can be developed to identify students with difficulties and applied to teaching.

Conclusions
CBT has the possibility of detecting students who are able to complete the language performance task by controlling the order of answers, asking questions sequentially, and obtaining RT effectively.
Growing Financial Burden From High-Cost Targeted Oral Anticancer Medicines Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Cancer
Authors: Li Meng , Liao Kaiping , Pan I-Wen , Shih Ya-Chen Tina 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE: The rapidly rising costs of targeted oral anticancer medicines (TOAMs) raise concerns over their affordability. Our goal was to examine recent trends in the uptake of TOAMs among cancer patients with Medicare Part D, the share of TOAM users who reached catastrophic coverage, and the annual spending on TOAMs in the catastrophic phase. METHODS: Using the 5% SEER-Medicare, we included patients age 65 years and older who had one primary cancer diagnosis between 2011 and 2016. We included person-years where patients were enrolled in a Part D plan for the entire year, did not receive the low-income subsidy at any time of the year, and received anticancer systemic therapies. We estimated the trends in the share of patients who used TOAMs, the percentage of TOAM users reaching catastrophic coverage, and the total and patient out-of-pocket spending on TOAMs in the catastrophic phase in a year. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2016, the uptake of TOAMs among our study population increased from 3.6% to 8.9%. The percentage of non–low-income subsidy TOAM users who reached catastrophic coverage increased from 54.6% to 60.3%. Among those who reached the catastrophic phase, mean total gross spending on TOAMs in the catastrophic phase increased from $16,074 (USD) to $64,233 (USD) and mean patient out-of-pocket spending from $596 (USD) to $2,549 (USD). The mean 30-day total spending increased from $4,011 (USD) to $8,857 (USD), and the mean 30-day out-of-pocket spending from $154 (USD) to $328 (USD). CONCLUSION: The high and growing burden from TOAMs highlighted the need for reining in drug prices and capping out-of-pocket spending.