bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ho‘ouna Pono implementation: applying concept mapping to a culturally grounded substance use prevention curriculum in rural Hawai‘i schools
Authors: Okamura Kelsie H. , Okamoto Scott K. , Marshall Sarah Momilani , Chin Steven Keone , Garcia Pamela M. , Powell Byron J. , Stern Kelly A. , Becker Sara J. , Mandell David S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite their potential to ameliorate health disparities and address youth substance use, prevention programs have been poorly disseminated and implemented across Hawai‘i, which begs the question: Why are effective prevention programs not being used in communities most in need of them? Implementing and sustaining culturally grounded prevention programs is critical to address equitable healthcare and minimize health disparities in communities. The field of implementation science provides frameworks, theories, and methods to examine factors associated with community adoption of these programs.

Method
Our project applies concept mapping methods to a culturally grounded youth drug prevention program with state level educational leadership in rural Hawai‘i schools. The goal is to integrate barrier and facilitator salience collected through teacher and school staff surveys and specific implementation strategies to regionally tailored implementation plans on Hawai‘i island. This protocol paper describes the concept mapping steps and how they will be applied in public and public-charter schools.

Discussion
Improving prevention program implementation in rural schools can result in sustained support for populations that need it most. The project will integrate implementation science and culturally grounded methods in rural Hawai‘i, where most youth are of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander descent. This project addresses health disparities among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander youth and provides actionable plans for rural Hawai‘i communities to implement effective prevention programming.
The potential therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of post-COVID-19 parosmia
Authors: Abo El Naga Heba A. , El Zaiat Reham S. , Hamdan Ahmad M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction is an emerging problem with a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Different lines of treatment have been used with varying results. This study aimed to assess the potential therapeutic effect of PRP in the treatment of post-COVID olfactory dysfunction. This work aimed to assess the potential therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in treating post-COVID-19 parosmia. A pilot study was conducted on 60 patients with post-COVID parosmia without responding to a 3-month course of olfactory training, topical corticosteroids, omega-three, vitamin B12, and zinc supplementation. The patients were distributed randomly and equally among 2 groups. The case group was subjected to three PRP injections in the olfactory cleft at 3 weeks intervals. The control group continued the pre-study treatment protocol for 6 weeks. The degree of parosmia was assessed before and after treatment subjectively using a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Reaching 0–1 on the visual analog scale was a complete improvement. The primary outcome was assessing the post-treatment score for parosmia 1 month after the third injection in the case group. The second outcome was the comparison between both groups regarding the degree of improvement 1 month after cessation of treatment.

Results
There was a highly significant improvement in VAS for parosmia (p < 0.00001) in the case group and a significant improvement in VAS for parosmia in the control group (p = P = 0.00148). There was a significant difference between both groups regarding the degree of improvement favoring the case group (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
Platelet-rich plasma injection in the olfactory cleft offers a therapeutic option for treating patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory parosmia who failed to respond to traditional conservative treatment.
Immunotherapy, Chemotherapy, or Both: Options for First-Line Therapy for Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ho Alan L. 
Published: October 2022

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology , to patients seen in their own clinical practice. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the management of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). The landmark KEYNOTE-048 clinical trial established the programmed death-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab with and without chemotherapy as a new standard first-line treatment for patients with platinum-sensitive R/M HNSCC. Nonetheless, clinical decision making can be challenging when considering the significant morbidity associated with rapidly progressive disease in high-risk locations, patient fitness, and programmed death-ligand 1 expression. Both planned and unplanned subgroup analyses from KEYNOTE-048 provide valuable insights into how therapy for untreated R/M HNSCC may be optimized for individual patients. Given differences in the toxicity profile of pembrolizumab alone versus in combination with chemotherapy, prioritizing patient preference is paramount in this palliative treatment setting. Here, the case of a patient presenting with de novo metastatic HNSCC is discussed to highlight the practical application of KEYNOTE-048 data in clinical practice.
IMPACT the Brain: A Team-Based Approach to Management of Metastatic Breast Cancer With CNS Metastases
Authors: Fleege Nicole M. Grogan , Pierce-Gjeldum Donna , Swartz Leigh K. , Verbal Kait , Merajver Sofia , Friese Christopher R. , Kiyota Ayano , Heth Jason , Leung Denise , Smith Sean R. , Gabel Nicolette , Kim Michelle M. , Morikawa Aki 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE: CNS metastases are associated with decreased survival and quality of life for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Team-based care can optimize outcomes. IMPACT the Brain is a care coordination program that aims to improve access to team-based care for patients with MBC and CNS metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with MBC and CNS metastases were eligible for enrollment in this care coordination program. A team of specialists supported a dedicated program coordinator who provided navigation, education, specialty referral, and clinical trial screening. A unique intake form developed for the program created personalized, coordinated, and expedited specialty referrals. Patient-reported outcomes and caregiver burden assessments were collected on a voluntary basis throughout enrollment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Sixty patients were referred, and 53 were enrolled (88%). The median time to program enrollment was 1 day (range, 0-11) and to first visit was 5 days (range, 0-25). On the basis of the program intake form, 47 referrals were made across six specialties, most commonly physical medicine and rehabilitation (n = 10), radiation oncology (n = 10), and neuropsychology (n = 10). Nineteen patients (36%) consented to enroll in clinical trials. CONCLUSION: A tailored team-based care coordination program for patients with MBC and CNS metastases is feasible. Use of a unique intake screening form by a dedicated program coordinator resulted in faster time to first patient visit, enabled access to subspecialist care, and supported enrollment in clinical trials. Future research should focus on intervention development using PRO data collected in this care coordination program.
Does violation of cosmic no-hair conjecture guarantee the existence of wormhole?
Authors: Roy Dhritimalya , Dutta Ayanendu , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present work investigates the interrelation between the validity (or violation) of the cosmic no-hair conjecture and the existence (or non-existence) of wormholes, both in Einstein’s Gravity and in modified gravity theories. It is found that the existence of wormholes implies a violation of the cosmic no-hair conjecture, and the validity of the cosmic no-hair conjecture implies the non-existence of wormholes but not the reverse way both in Einstein’s Gravity and in modified gravity theories. We will also re-visit the gravitational entropy predictions of the wormhole and show how they are connected.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Tremor
Authors: Wagle Shukla Aparna 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Essential tremor is a chronic, progressive syndrome that primarily presents with an action tremor involving the arms and hands. This article reviews the history and physical examination features pertinent for diagnosis, differential diagnoses, and treatments and approaches for optimal control of symptoms.

RECENT FINDINGS
Essential tremor is a syndrome with symptoms extending beyond tremor to involve disturbances in gait, speech, cognition, and mood. Although the new guidelines on the definition and biaxial classification scheme have provided clarity, some tremor experts have critiqued the recently coined term essential tremor plus. For treatment, new orthotic devices and peripheral stimulation devices are now available in addition to pharmacologic and surgical options.

SUMMARY
Essential tremor has a rich clinical phenomenology with many subtleties and nuances. A detailed history with open-ended questions and focused questions encompassing medical history, social history, and family history is key for establishing the diagnosis. The presence of bilateral action tremor for 3 years and absence of isolated head and voice tremor and absence of task- and position-dependent tremor are necessary for diagnosis. Dystonic tremor, Parkinson disease tremor, physiologic tremor, and drug-induced tremor are common differential diagnoses. Differentiating these tremor disorders from essential tremor based on phenomenology and physical examination alone could be challenging; thus, clinicians should seek additional clues from a detailed history. Treatment could begin with noninvasive and nonpharmacologic therapies, especially in mild cases. As the severity increases, they can advance stepwise to include pharmacotherapies and surgical interventions. With the growing recognition that essential tremor is not a monosymptomatic disorder, management should involve a multidisciplinary team. Furthermore, treatment selection should be based on shared decision making between patients and providers that gives due consideration to severity of symptoms, level of functional disability, impact on social interactions, patient preferences, and patient expectations.
The Mythic Sea in Contemporary Irish and Caribbean Poetry
Authors: Howley Ellen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMyths of the sea are some of the most enduring cultural associations with oceanic spaces. In particular, literature written from islands and coastal locations often shares an interest in these mythic narratives. With a focus on this comparative element, this article investigates how contemporary poets from Ireland and from the Anglophone Caribbean engage with the myths of the sea in their work. It examines the poetry of Lorna Goodison (Jamaica), Seamus Heaney (Northern Ireland), Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin (Republic of Ireland), and Derek Walcott (Saint Lucia), demonstrating the ways in which a contemporary engagement with the myths of the sea transforms and translates understandings not only of the present moment but also of traditional ideas of linear time. Specific myths of the sea become a tool with which to mine the past and present as they allow these poets to reflect on beginnings, endings, and the repetition of cycles. The critiques that these poets level in their work are also considered through a gendered lens here, as the association between woman and sea, as well as the mythologization of woman is discussed. This article analyzes key poems from these writers to draw out rarely evinced transatlantic routes of correspondence between the four poets. In doing so, it also emphasizes the connective properties of the sea’s cultural, artistic, and imaginative resonances.
Optimal Cost-Effective Screening Strategy for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in Female Smokers
Authors: Salih Mira , Salem Mohmed M. , Moore Justin M. , Ogilvy Christopher S. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms among female cigarette smokers was shown to be high in previous studies, yet the cost-effectiveness of screening them has never been explored.OBJECTIVE:To explore the most cost-effective screening strategy for female smokers.METHODS:A decision analytical study was performed with a Markov model to compare different screening strategies with no screening and to explore the most optimal screening strategy for female smokers. Input data for the model were extracted from literature. A single screening at different ages and multiple screening every 15 years, 10 years, 5 years, and 2 years were performed for female smokers in different age ranges. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the model. Finally, value of information analysis was performed to investigate the value of collecting additional data.RESULTS:Screening female smokers for unruptured intracranial aneurysm is cost-effective. All screening strategies yield extra quality-adjusted life years. Screening at younger age brings more health benefit at lower cost. Frequent screening strategies decrease rupture rate of aneurysms more with higher costs per quality-adjusted life year. Screening after age 70 years and frequent screening (every 2 years) after age 60 years is not optimal. Among all the parameters in the model, collecting additional data on utility of the unscreened population would be most valuable.CONCLUSION:Screening female smokers for intracranial aneurysms once at younger age is most optimal. However, in clinical practice, the duration and intensity of exposure to cigarettes should be taken into consideration.
Feasibility of contextualizing the Informed Health Choices learning resources in Italy: A pilot study in a primary school in Florence
Authors: Alderighi Camilla , Rasoini Raffaele , Formoso Giulio , Celani Maria Grazia , Rosenbaum Sarah E. 
Published: October 2022

Background The Informed Health Choices (IHC) project team developed learning resources for primary school children to teach critical thinking about treatments claims and health choices and evaluated their effect in a randomized controlled trial of 120 schools in Uganda. Children taught with these resources showed a better ability to think critically about treatments claims and health choices than children not taught with these resources. Teams in multiple countries are contextualising the IHC resources for use in other languages and settings; in this pilot we describe contextualization for use in Italian primary school. Methods After translating the IHC resources to Italian and holding an introductory workshop with participating schoolteachers, we piloted the resources with two classes of a primary school in Florence over nine lessons. Our aims were: 1) to assess the feasibility of introducing the IHC curriculum in Italian primary school; 2) to evaluate students’ ability to assess health claims and make informed health choices; to explore 3) students’ and 4) teachers’ experiences with the IHC learning resources; 5) to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation of IHC learning resources in Italian primary school. To assess these objectives, we used qualitative and quantitative methods. Results Both qualitative and quantitative analyses consistently showed that the IHC learning resources had a positive impact on the objectives examined. The resources integrated well into the Italian primary school curriculum. Both students and teachers considered these resources comprehensible, appealing in design and content, and stimulating for the development of a critical attitude. The only barrier teachers and students expressed was using the resources in a remote learning context. Conclusions Findings from our contextualisation of IHC learning resources in Italian primary school indicate that these resources are well-suited for Italian teachers and students in a primary school context and compatible with the Italian primary school curriculum.
Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on the uptake of microcystins by Brassica oleracea and Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Pindihama Glynn , Gitari Mugera , Madala Ntakadzeni 
Published: October 2022

Background Hypereutrophic conditions in major water reservoirs used for irrigation purposes in South Africa promote the co-existence of cyanotoxins and other pollutants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). LAS is known to alter the permeability of membranes and promote the uptake of other pollutants by plants. In light of the potential human health risks and prevailing hypereutrophic conditions in some catchments in South Africa, we investigated the combined effects of LAS and microcystins (MCs) when cyanobacteria infested water is used to irrigate terrestrial crops. Methods To understand the potential risks, pot-culture experiments were conducted to assess the effect of LAS on the accumulation of MCs in Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Solanum tuberosum (potato) plants. The plants were watered with dam water containing 3.48 mg L-1 of the LAS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and MCs (MC-LR: 10.47 ± 3.879; 6.158 ± 4.127 for MC-RR and 8.160 ± 2.544 for MC-YR μg L-1) for 20 days. Results The presence of LAS, at environmentally relevant concentrations in the irrigation water, did not enhance the uptake of MCs in the two plants, as demonstrated by statistically insignificant differences in the means of the treatments (with and without LAS). In addition, the presence of LAS, high pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and cyanotoxins in the water did not affect the total chlorophyll or the well-being of the plants. However, in some cases the levels of MCs bioaccumulated by the two plants exceeded the WHO recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI). Conclusions These findings imply that the tested levels of LAS and MCs did not have any synergic effects on the two plant species, but irrigating food crops with such water still poses a human health risk.
Changes in the utilisation of acute hospital care in Ireland during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
Authors: Marron Louise , Burke Sara , Kavanagh Paul 
Published: October 2022

Background: Reduced and delayed presentations for non-COVID-19 illness during the COVID-19 pandemic have implications for population health and health systems. The aim of this study is to quantify and characterise changes in acute hospital healthcare utilisation in Ireland during the first wave of COVID-19 to inform healthcare system planning and recovery. Methods: A retrospective, population-based, observational study was conducted using two national datasets, Patient Experience Time (PET) and Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE). The study period was 6th January to 5th July 2020. Results: Comparison between time periods pre- and post-onset of the COVID-19 pandemic within 2020 showed there were 81,712 fewer Emergency Department (ED) presentations (-18.8%), 19,692 fewer admissions from ED (-17.4%) and 210,357 fewer non-COVID-19 hospital admissions (-35.0%) than expected based on pre-COVID-19 activity. Reductions were greatest at the peak of population-level restrictions, at extremes of age and for elective admissions. In the period immediately following the first wave, acute hospital healthcare utilisation remained below pre-COVID-19 levels, however, there were increases in emergency alcohol-related admissions (Rate Ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.03, 1.43, p-value 0.016), admissions with self-harm (Rate Ratio 1.39, 95% CI 1.01, 1.91, p-value 0.043) and mental health admissions (Rate Ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.03, 1.60, p-value 0.028). Discussion: While public health implications of delayed and lost care will only become fully apparent over time, recovery planning must begin immediately. In the short-term, backlogs in care need to be managed and population health impacts of COVID-19 and associated restrictions, particularly in relation to mental health and alcohol, need to be addressed through strong public health and health system responses. In the long-term, COVID-19 highlights health system weakness and is an opportunity to progress health system reform to deliver a universal, high-quality, sustainable and resilient health system, capable of meeting population health needs and responding to future pandemics.
Wearable devices for remote monitoring of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Vietnam
Authors: Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Trung Truong Ngoc , Khanh Phan Nguyen Quoc Khanh , Nhat Phung Tran Huy , Van Hoang Minh Tu , Hai Ho Bich , Thuy Duong Bich , Tung Nguyen Le Nhu , Khoa Dao Bach , Vien Tran Thi Dong , Hao Nguyen Van , Oanh Pham Kieu Ngyuyet , Khoa Tran Dang , Phong Nguyen Thanh , Nguyen Nguyen Thanh , Huynh Julie , Walker Timothy M , Van Nuil Jennifer , An Luu Phuoc , McKnight Jacob , Toan Le Mau , Tan Le Van , Dung Nguyen Thanh , Truong Nguyen Thanh , Thwaites C Louise ,   OUCRU COVID Research Group
Published: October 2022

Patients with severe COVID-19 disease require monitoring with pulse oximetry as a minimal requirement. In many low- and middle- income countries, this has been challenging due to lack of staff and equipment. Wearable pulse oximeters potentially offer an attractive means to address this need, due to their low cost, battery operability and capacity for remote monitoring. Between July and October 2021, Ho Chi Minh City experienced its first major wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to an unprecedented demand for monitoring in hospitalized patients. We assess the feasibility of a continuous remote monitoring system for patients with COVID-19 under these circumstances as we implemented 2 different systems using wearable pulse oximeter devices in a stepwise manner across 4 departments.