bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper Oxide Nano‐Catalyst Incorporated TEGDN/NC/DAG Propellants: Thermal Behaviors and Kinetics
Authors: Mirzajani Vahid , Nazarpour‐Fard Hamed , Farhadi Khalil , Ghobadian Ali 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe copper oxide nanoparticles (nano‐CuO)/nitrocellulose (NC)/triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN)/diaminoglyoxime (DAG) nanocomposites were successfully prepared as a convenient propellants. The catalytic effect of nano‐CuO on the thermal behavior and the decomposition kinetics of the samples were precisely verified via thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The CuO nanoparticles significantly altered the thermal pattern of the studied energetic materials, e. g., the temperatures corresponded to the DSC peaks were changed by increasing the nano‐CuO amount. Moreover, the catalyst resulted in the decrement in the activation energy of the decomposition stage by ∼30–50 kJ mol−1 and also improved the thermal stability of TEGDN/NC/DAG composite. The thermokinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the energetic nanocomposites were explained by using the Kissinger and Starink differential methods and the integral methods of Coats Redfern and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa. The mechanism function and the kinetic equation of the main exothermal decomposition step for the parent composite was found to be different from that of the 1–3 % CuO‐contained nanocomposites.
Semi‐global weighted output average tracking of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems in the presence of actuator saturation and external disturbances
Authors: Song Qilin , Xie Yijing , Lin Zongli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article studies the problem of semi‐global weighted output average tracking of a heterogeneous multi‐agent system in the presence of actuator saturation and external disturbances. The multi‐agent system contains a group of leader agents and a group of follower agents. Both the dynamics of leader agents and the dynamics of follower agents are allowed to be heterogeneous. Applying the classical output regulation theory and the low gain feedback design technique, we construct for each follower agent a state feedback control protocol and an output feedback control protocol, both parameterized in a scalar parameter. In both the state feedback case and the output feedback case, we construct distributed leader state observers for each follower agent that estimate the states of the leader agents. In the case of output feedback, we also construct for each follower agent state observer that estimates its own state. It is shown that, under these control protocols with a sufficiently small value of the parameter, each follower agent can track the weighted average of the outputs of the leader agents from an arbitrarily large bounded set of initial conditions and in the presence of actuator saturation and external disturbances if there exist directed paths from each leader agent to all the follower agents. Simulation results are given to illustrate the theoretical results.
2D Higher‐Metal Nitride Nanosheets for Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Shang Jing , Yang Guoliang , Ma Yuxi , Kou Liangzhi , Liu Dan , Yin Huaying , Hegh Dylan , Razal Joselito , Lei Weiwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigher‐metal (HM) nitrides are a fascinating family of materials being increasingly researched due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, few focus on investigating their application in a solar steam generation because the controllable and large‐scale synthesis of these materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, it is reported that higher‐metal molybdenum nitride nanosheets (HM‐Mo5N6) can be produced at the gram‐scale using amine‐functionalized MoS2 as precursor. The first‐principles calculation confirms amine‐functionalized MoS2 nanosheet effectively lengthens the bonds of MoS leading to a lower bond binding energy, promoting the formation of MoN bonds and production of HM‐Mo5N6. Using this strategy, other HM nitride nanosheets, such as W2N3, Ta3N5, and Nb4N5, can also be synthesized. Specifically, under one simulated sunlight irradiation (1 kW m‐2), the HM‐Mo5N6 nanosheets are heated to 80 °C within only ≈24 s (0.4 min), which is around 78 s faster than the MoS2 samples (102 s/1.7 min). More importantly, HM‐Mo5N6 nanosheets exhibit excellent solar evaporation rate (2.48 kg m‐2 h‐1) and efficiency (114.6%), which are 1.5 times higher than the solar devices of MoS2/MF.
Boosting the Capacity of Aqueous Li‐Ion Capacitors via Pinpoint Surgery in Nanocoral‐Like Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Geng Qianhao , Wang Haichao , Wang Jinlong , Hong Jie , Sun Weiwei , Wu Yang , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAqueous lithium storage devices are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage applications, featuring low‐cost, safety, environmental benignness, and grid‐scale merits. Developing reliable anode materials with fast Li+ diffusion is paramount to stimulate their development. Herein, the electrochemical performance and mechanism of a redox‐active β‐ketoenamine‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) (2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone and 2,4,6‐triformylphloroglucinol COF, DAAQ–TFP–COF) for lithium storage in aqueous electrolyte are explored for the first time. Systematic studies demonstrate that, by the conversion of neutral COF into anionic COF via a pinpoint surgery on the β‐ketoenamine linkage, the resultative COF shows doubled Li+ storage capacity (132 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, 87% of theoretical specific capacity), good rate capability (108 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and excellent cyclability in 1000 cycles. This pinpoint surgery can be promising in extending the electrochemical applications of β‐ketoenamine‐linked COFs. The Li+ storage mechanism is investigated by ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ/ex situ Fourier transform infrared investigations, and density functional theory calculations. As a proof of new concept, a novel aqueous lithium‐ion capacitor assembled with DAAQ–TFP–COF anode delivers high specific capacitance of 224 F g−1 (0.1 A g−1), supercapacitor‐level power density (≈4000 W kg−1), and long cyclability.
Formation of Self-consistent Navigational Gravity Maps of Local Areas and Joint Assessment of Their Navigation Quality
Authors: Sholokhov A. V. , Berkovich S. B. , Kotov N. I. , Belonozhko M. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe actual problem of creation of gravity maps which can be used as correctors in map-matching- navigation systems (MMNS) is considered. It is assumed to use information from two sources: available gravity maps and measurement data of various parameters of the Earth’s gravity field (EGF) (acceleration of gravity, deflection of the vertical, horizontal gradients of the potential).Obtaining the required amount of measurement data of a specified accuracy is considered as a problem of planning primary measurements. At the first stage of its solution, the number of measurements necessary to achieve the required accuracy of the parameters of the gravitational map is minimized. It takes into account the accuracy and performance of measuring devices. The second stage assumes that the human operator specifies the position of the points at which to measure the parameters of the EGF with a known accuracy.Joint processing of information is carried out on the basis of the collocation method. The estimation of EGF navigation quality is considered in a specified point and its nearest neighborhood. This approach is reasonable, if in the future it is required to optimally form the trajectory of the MMNS in a specified area or to a specified destination point. It is assumed rectilinear motion of the object from this point with a known initial level of coordinate errors. Position errors are defined as functions of distance from the initial point and direction of movement.
Entrepreneurs Alleviating Poverty Through Educating Their Children
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Parida Vinit , Wincent Joakim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter—“Entrepreneurs Alleviating Poverty Through Educating Their Children”—we examine the bright-side motivation underlying entrepreneurial action in chronic-adversity contexts. We explore entrepreneurs living in the slums of India, demonstrating that their main motivation for entrepreneurial action is educating their children. In doing so, we offer four important insights. First, these entrepreneurs believe that their children can escape poverty via a sequential process. Namely, they believe that education will enable their children to earn higher income. This higher income will, in turn, enable their children to move to a “better” neighborhood with improved living conditions. Second, working and living in slums can bring benefits to entrepreneurs as these areas can facilitate (rather than hinder) the formation of strong, caring communities that aid in entrepreneurship. Third, slum entrepreneurs often face a paradox in that their reasons (e.g., poor health) for wanting their families to leave their slum neighborhoods are the very thing keeping them there. Thus, their plans for escaping poverty often bump up against the reality of their adverse conditions. Finally, slum entrepreneurs tend to serve as “counterfactual” role models for their children as they became entrepreneurs to provide their children with lives that they neither had nor wanted themselves. Entrepreneurship is thus a means for these parents to help their children but is not the desired destiny they want for their children.
Women Entrepreneurs Flourishing or Languishing at the Bottom of the Pyramid
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Parida Vinit , Wincent Joakim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter—“Women Entrepreneurs Flourishing or Languishing at the Bottom of the Pyramid”—highlights not only the bright side of entrepreneurship (consistent with the previous chapters) but also the potential dark side of entrepreneurship training and venture creation. In particular, this chapter focuses on women entrepreneurs at the base of the pyramid. In this context, entrepreneurship can be a means for families to escape poverty and a route for countries to foster economic development. However, we show that despite successful venture creation, some women entrepreneurs flourish while others languish. Women entrepreneurs who flourish tend to set realistic expectations for their entrepreneurial endeavors and modify them throughout the entrepreneurial journey. Moreover, flourishing women entrepreneurs often benefit from their prior work experience and family support. On the other hand, women entrepreneurs who languish tend to lack prior work experience outside the home and set more unrealistic expectations for their work and lives. They also generally lack family support and thus have little psychological capital for entrepreneurship training and venture creation. Thus, this chapter offers new insights into some limitations of entrepreneurship programs (training and venture creation) for some women entrepreneurs in patriarchal societies at the base of the pyramid.
The conformal brane-scan: an update
Authors: Duff M. J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Generalizing the The Membrane at the End of the Universe, a 1987 paper Supersingletons by Blencowe and the author conjectured the existence of BPS p-brane configurations (p = 2, 3, 4, 5) and corresponding CFTs on the boundary of anti-de Sitter space with symmetries appearing in Nahm’s classification of superconformal algebras: OSp(N|4) N = 8, 4, 2, 1; SU(2, 2|N) N = 4, 2, 1; F2(4); OSp(8∗|N), N = 4, 2. This correctly predicted the D3-brane with SU(2, 2|4) on AdS5× S5 and the M5-brane with OSp(8∗|4) on AdS7× S4, in addition to the known M2-brane with OSp(8|4) on AdS4× S7. However, finding non-singular AdS solutions matching the other symmetries was less straightforward. Here we perform a literature search and confirm that all of the empty slots have now been filled, thanks to a number of extra ingredients including warped products and massive Type IIA. Orbifolds, orientifolds and S-folds also play a part providing examples not predicted: SU(2, 2|3), OSp(3|4), OSp(5|4) and OSp(6|4) but not OSp(7|4). We also examine the status of p = (0, 1) configurations.
Understanding holographic error correction via unique algebras and atomic examples
Authors: Pollack Jason , Rall Patrick , Rocchetto Andrea 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We introduce a fully constructive characterisation of holographic quantum error-correcting codes. That is, given a code and an erasure error we give a recipe to explicitly compute the terms in the RT formula. Using this formalism, we employ quantum circuits to construct a number of examples of holographic codes. Our codes have nontrivial holographic properties and are simpler than existing approaches built on tensor networks. Finally, leveraging a connection between correctable and private systems we prove the uniqueness of the algebra satisfying complementary recovery. The material is presented with the goal of accessibility to researchers in quantum information with no prior background in holography.
Das Landesprogramm Bildung und Gesundheit NRW (BuG) – Nachhaltige Entwicklung und Etablierung der Guten Gesunden Schule im Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Opitz Marleen 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungMit dem Landesprogramm Bildung und Gesundheit Nordrhein-Westfalen (BuG NRW) bilden alle daran beteiligten Träger eine Verantwortungspartnerschaft zur Förderung der Guten Gesunden Schule und zur Umsetzung des Präventionsgesetzes in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Das Ministerium für Schule und Bildung (MSB NRW), das Ministerium für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales (MAGS NRW), die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen/-verbände (GKV NRW) und die Unfallkasse (UK NRW) kooperieren für die Förderung der integrierten Gesundheits- und Qualitätsentwicklung sowie Unterstützung der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Schulen. Zentrale Elemente der Public-Health-Forschung, wie beispielsweise Partizipation (aller Beteiligten) und Empowerment, sind Bestandteil des Gesamtkonzeptes.Gemeinsames Leitziel der Programmträger ist es, Gesundheits- und Bildungschancen von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie das Wohlbefinden und die Leistungsfähigkeit aller Beteiligten in der Lebenswelt Schule gerecht und nachhaltig zu verbessern. Dies gelingt für die Programmschulen mit der fachkompetenten Beratung durch persönliche Ansprechpartner*innen, vielfältige Unterstützung, regelmäßige Evaluation sowie die Finanzierung nachhaltiger Schulentwicklungsmaßnahmen zur Verankerung von Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Die Gesundheitsqualität und Gesundheitskompetenz aller Beteiligten in der Lebenswelt Schule können dadurch verbessert werden.Dieser Beitrag gibt Einblicke in das langjährige, anerkannte Schulentwicklungsprogramm, dessen Fortschreibung durch die Kooperationspartner aktuell für weitere 5 Jahre geplant ist. Die neueste Evaluation von BuG NRW hat u. a. gezeigt, wie sich durch implementierte Strukturen, eine aktive Vernetzung und individuelle Unterstützungsangebote in NRW gesundheitsförderliche Schulentwicklung langfristig weiterentwickeln und etablieren kann.
Expert responsibility in AI development
Authors: Hedlund Maria , Persson Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the responsibility of AI experts for guiding the development of AI in a desirable direction. More specifically, the aim is to answer the following research question: To what extent are AI experts responsible in a forward-looking way for effects of AI technology that go beyond the immediate concerns of the programmer or designer? AI experts, in this paper conceptualised as experts regarding the technological aspects of AI, have knowledge and control of AI technology that non-experts do not have. Drawing on responsibility theory, theories of the policy process, and critical algorithm studies, we discuss to what extent this capacity, and the positions that these experts have to influence the AI development, make AI experts responsible in a forward-looking sense for consequences of the use of AI technology. We conclude that, as a professional collective, AI experts, to some extent, are responsible in a forward-looking sense for consequences of use of AI technology that they could foresee, but with the risk of increased influence of AI experts at the expense of other actors. It is crucial that a diversity of actors is included in democratic processes on the future development of AI, but for this to be meaningful, AI experts need to take responsibility for how the AI technology they develop affects public deliberation.
The injury mechanism correlation between MRI and video-analysis in professional football players with an acute ACL knee injury reveals consistent bone bruise patterns
Authors: D’Hooghe Pieter , Grassi Alberto , Villa Francesco Della , Alkhelaifi Khalid , Papakostas Emmanouil , Rekik Raouf , Marin Theodorakys , Tosarelli Filippo , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the MRI features, in particular bone bruises pattern, of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injured footballers, and to correlate them with the characteristics of injury mechanism and situation obtained from direct video footage.MethodsNineteen professional football (soccer) players that sustained ACL injury while playing during an official match of First League Championship were included in the study. The video of injury was obtained from the Television broadcast. Knee Magnetic Resonance (MRI) was obtained within 7 days from the injury. BB and meniscal lesions were analyzed on MRI, while a video-analysis of mechanisms of ACL injury and injury dynamic were assessed from the videos.ResultsThe most commonly involved Bone Bruise areas in the knee were the Posterior Lateral Tibial Plateau (LTp) in 16 cases (84%) and the Central Lateral Femoral Condyle (LFc) in 11 cases (58%). Three patients (16%) had bone bruise in the Posterior Medial Tibial Plateau (MTp) while none (0%) had bone bruise in the Medial Femoral Condyle. Based on the bone bruise pattern, 11 (58%) had simultaneous LFc and LTp and were defined “Typical” while 8 (42%) had other locations or no bone bruise and were defined “Atypical”. 9 out of 11 injuries (82%) of athletes with “Typical” pattern occurred with a “Pivoting” action”, in contrast to only 1 case (12%) in those with “Atypical” bone bruise pattern (p = 0.0055).The most common situational mechanism pattern on video analysis was “pressing” (n = 7) accounting for the 47% of the “indirect” ACL injuries. In terms of movement pattern, ten injuries (52%) occurred during a “Pivoting” movement (7 pressing, 1 dribbling, 1 tackled, 1 goalkeeping), whereas the remaining were classified as “Planting” in four cases, “Direct Blow” in four cases and “Landing”.ConclusionA well-defined and consistent bone bruise pattern involving the posterior tibial plateau and central femoral condyle of lateral compartment is present in footballers that sustained non-contact and indirect ACL injuries during pivoting with sudden change of direction/deceleration, while heterogeneous patterns were present in those with direct contact or injury mechanisms involving high horizontal velocity.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Kinetic modeling of polyatomic heat and mass transfer in rectangular microchannels
Authors: Tantos Christos , Kritikos Efstratios , Varoutis Stylianos , Day Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aims at estimating the heat and the mass transfer coefficients in the case of the polyatomic gas flows through long rectangular microchannels driven by small and large pressure (Poiseuille flow) and temperature (Thermal creep flow) drops. The heat and mass transfer coefficients are presented for all gas flow regimes, from free molecular up to hydrodynamic ones, and for channels with different aspect ratios as well as for various values of translational and rotational Eucken factors. The applied values of the Eucken factors were extracted based on the Rayleigh-Brillouin experiments and the kinetic theory of gases. The numerical study has been performed on the basis of a kinetic model for linear and non-linear gas molecules considering the translational and rotational degrees of freedom. The solution of the obtained system of the kinetic equations is implemented on the Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), allowing the reduction of the computational time by two orders of magnitude. The results show that the Poiseuille mass transfer coefficient is not affected by the internal degrees of freedom and the non-dependence of the previous observed deviations with the experimental data on the molecular nature of the gas molecules is confirmed. However, the study shows that the deviation between monatomic and polyatomic values of the mass transfer coefficient in the thermal creep flow is increased as the gas rarefaction is decreased, and for several polyatomic gases met in practical applications in the temperature range from 300 to 900 K might reach 15%. In addition, the effect of the internal degrees of freedom on the heat transfer coefficient is found to be rather significant. The polyatomic heat transfer coefficients are obtained essentially higher than the monatomic ones, with the maximum difference reaching about 44% and 67% for linear and non-linear gas molecules. In view of the large differences between monatomic and polyatomic gases, the present results may be useful in the design of technological devices in which the thermal creep phenomenon plays a dominant role.
Development of the horizontal optocollic reflex in juvenile barn owls (Tyto furcata pratincola)
Authors: Wagner Hermann , Pappe Ina , Brill Sandra , Nalbach Hans-Ortwin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdult barn owls and primates possess an almost symmetric monocular rotational horizontal optocollic reflex. In primates, the reflex is initially asymmetric and becomes symmetric with time after birth. The condition in barn owls has not been studied so far. Here, we present data on the development of this reflex in this bird. We tested juvenile barn owls from the time before they open their eyes after hatching to the time they reach adult feather length. Wide-field visual patterns served as stimuli. They were presented at different rotational speeds in binocular and monocular settings. The binocular horizontal optocollic responses of juvenile barn owls were symmetric and adult-like on the first day that the birds responded to the stimulus. The monocular responses showed different rates of development in respect to stimulus velocity and stimulus direction. For velocities up to 20 deg/s, the monocular reflex was also adult-like on the first day that the birds responded to the stimulus. An initially higher asymmetry for 30 deg/s compared to adults disappeared within about two weeks. The development at even higher velocities remained unclear.