bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of active video game play upon physical activity and screen-based activities in sedentary children
Authors: Ufholz Kelsey E. , Flack Kyle D. , Roemmich James N. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Few children meet physical activity recommendations, partly due to the prevalence of screen-based sedentary activities. Active video game (AVG) play produces light to moderate physical activity. Yet, providing children access to AVG does not increase physical activity, possibly because children who play AVG may also tend towards sedentary screen-based activities. How multiple days of AVG play influences children’s choice of other activities is not yet known.

Purpose
To examine how AVG influences children’s physical activity, sedentary screen-based activities, and other alternative activities.

Methods
Sedentary children (N = 49) played AVG 3 times/week and sedentary video games (SVG) ad libitum for 6 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of ad libitum play of both AVG and SVG. Participants wore an activity monitor for 7 days and completed a 24-hour activity recall on 4 randomly selected days at baseline, week 6, and week 10.

Results
AVG play increased during the intervention (p < 0.01). Light activity and SVG play both decreased baseline to 10 weeks (p = 0.006) and 6 to 10 weeks (p = 0.017). Non-SVG sedentary behavior increased from baseline to 10 weeks (p = 0.005) and 6 to 10 weeks (p = 0.007). Changes over time were not observed in physical activity, or recall-measured active play, social activities, other hobbies, television or computer/phone use.

Conclusion
AVG play did not change children’s objectively-measured physical activity or subjectively measured active play. SVG time was substituted with other sedentary behaviors. AVG did not increase time engaged in SVG or screen-based devices.
A cross-sectional study on COVID-19-related changes in self-medication with antibiotics
Authors: Khami Mohammad Reza , Gholamhossein Zadeh Armin , Rahi Dorsa 
Published: June 2022

Background and aimDental treatments have been limited to emergency care in many countries worldwide due to the global rapid spread of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Fear of contracting the disease in dental clinics has also altered the pattern of dental visits and self-medication. The present study compared self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) and the pattern of dental visits before and after the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic in a referral dental clinic in the north of Iran.Materials and methodsThe data for the present cross-sectional study was collected from 756 patient records retrieved from the archives of the Faculty Clinic of Rasht School of Dentistry during two separate periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic from mid-November 2019 to mid-February 2020, and after the pandemic emergence from mid-April to mid-July 2020. In addition to demographic variables namely age, gender, and place of residence of patients, their smoking status, chief complaint, and SMA were also extracted from patient records. The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression models with 95% confidence interval served for statistical analysis.ResultsIn total, 756 patient records (412 records from the pre-pandemic period and 344 records from the post-pandemic period) were evaluated. SMA was significantly more prevalent after the pandemic compared to that before pandemic (OR = 3.39, 95% CI = 2.43–4.73, P<0.001). The number of patients who smoke significantly decreased after the pandemic by 6.6% compared to that in pre-pandemic period. Dental pain, pus discharge, and abscess as the chief complaints of patients were significantly more prevalent during the post-pandemic period; while, dental checkups, tooth hypersensitivity, and esthetic dental problems were significantly more frequent as the chief complaints of patients during the pre-pandemic period.ConclusionThere is indication that during the COVID-19 pandemic, SMA and prevalence of acute dental problems in patients have increased. With regard to the consequences of SMA, there is a need to raise public awareness on this matter.
Lessons learned after one year of COVID-19 from a urologist and radiotherapist view: A German survey on prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Harke Nina N. , Wagner Christian , Hermann Robert M. , Hadaschik Boris A. , Radtke Jan Philipp , Altay-Langguth Alev , Aufderklamm Stefan , Bach Christian , Becker-Schiebe Martina , Blana Andreas , Bruns Frank , Buse Stephan , Combs Stephanie E. , Engels Christina L. , Ezzibdeh Emad , Fiedler Marcel , Fischer Laura-Anna , Farzat Mahmoud , Frismann Alexander , Heck Matthias M. , Henkenberens Christoph , Roesch Marie C. , Käding Christoph , Klautke Gunther , Krausewitz Philipp , Kuczyk Markus A. , Leitsmann Conrad , Lettmaier Sebastian , Mahjoub Samy , Manseck Andreas , Medenwald Daniel , Meyer Andreas , Micke Oliver , Moritz Rudolf , Ott Marcel , Peters Inga , Pokupic Sasa , Porres Daniel , Preisser Felix , Reichel Kathrin , Schneider Andreas , Schwentner Christian , Scobioala Sergiu , Truss Michael , Wegener Daniel , Wezel Felix , Willborn Kay , Witt Jörn H. , Wittig Andrea , Wittlinger Michael , Wolff Hendrik A. , Zimmermanns Volker , Christiansen Hans 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, COVID-19 has changed the medical landscape. International recommendations for localized prostate cancer (PCa) include deferred treatment and adjusted therapeutic routines.

Materials and methods
To longitudinally evaluate changes in PCa treatment strategies in urological and radiotherapy departments in Germany, a link to a survey was sent to 134 institutions covering two representative baseline weeks prior to the pandemic and 13 weeks from March 2020 to February 2021. The questionnaire captured the numbers of radical prostatectomies, prostate biopsies and case numbers for conventional and hypofractionation radiotherapy. The results were evaluated using descriptive analyses.

Results
A total of 35% of the questionnaires were completed. PCa therapy increased by 6% in 2020 compared to 2019. At baseline, a total of 69 radiotherapy series and 164 radical prostatectomies (RPs) were documented. The decrease to 60% during the first wave of COVID-19 particularly affected low-risk PCa. The recovery throughout the summer months was followed by a renewed reduction to 58% at the end of 2020. After a gradual decline to 61% until July 2020, the number of prostate biopsies remained stable (89% to 98%) during the second wave. The use of RP fluctuated after an initial decrease without apparent prioritization of risk groups. Conventional fractionation was used in 66% of patients, followed by moderate hypofractionation (30%) and ultrahypofractionation (4%). One limitation was a potential selection bias of the selected weeks and the low response rate.

Conclusion
While the diagnosis and therapy of PCa were affected in both waves of the pandemic, the interim increase between the peaks led to a higher total number of patients in 2020 than in 2019. Recommendations regarding prioritization and fractionation routines were implemented heterogeneously, leaving unexplored potential for future pandemic challenges.
Evaluation of a laboratory-based high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 antigen assay
Authors: Hörber Sebastian , Drees Christoph , Ganzenmueller Tina , Schmauder Kristina , Peter Silke , Biskup Dirk , Peter Andreas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Antigen tests are an essential part of SARS-CoV-2 testing strategies. Rapid antigen tests are easy to use but less sensitive compared to nucleic acid amplification tests (NAT) and less suitable for large-scale testing. In contrast, laboratory-based antigen tests are suitable for high-throughput immunoanalyzers. Here we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the laboratory-based Siemens Healthineers SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (CoV2Ag) assay.

Methods
In a public test center, from 447 individuals anterior nasal swab specimens as well as nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected. The nasal swab specimens were collected in sample inactivation medium and measured using the CoV2Ag assay. The nasopharyngeal swab specimens were measured by RT-PCR. Additionally, 9,046 swab specimens obtained for screening purposes in a tertiary care hospital were analyzed and positive CoV2Ag results confirmed by NAT.

Results
In total, 234/447 (52.3%) participants of the public test center were positive for SARS-CoV-2-RNA. Viral lineage B1.1.529 was dominant during the study. Sensitivity and specificity of the CoV2Ag assay were 88.5% (95%CI: 83.7–91.9%) and 99.5% (97.4–99.9%), respectively. Sensitivity increased to 93.7% (97.4–99.9%) and 98.7% (97.4–99.9%) for swab specimens with cycle threshold values <30 and <25, respectively. Out of 9,046 CoV2Ag screening tests from hospitalized patients, 21 (0.2%) swab specimens were determined as false-positive by confirmatory NAT.

Conclusions
Using sample tubes containing inactivation medium the laboratory-based high-throughput CoV2Ag assay is a very specific and highly sensitive assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in nasal swab specimens including the B1.1.529 variant. In low prevalence settings confirmation of positive CoV2Ag results by SARS-CoV-2-RNA testing is recommended.
Predictability of cryptocurrency returns: evidence from robust tests
Authors: He Siyun , Ibragimov Rustam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The paper provides a comparative empirical study of predictability of cryptocurrency returns and prices using econometrically justified robust inference methods. We present robust econometric analysis of predictive regressions incorporating factors, which were suggested by Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2018). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. NBER working paper no. 24877; Liu, Y., & Tsyvinski, A. (2021). Risks and returns of cryptocurrency. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(6), 2689–2727, as useful predictors for cryptocurrency returns, including cryptocurrency momentum, stock market factors, acceptance of Bitcoin, and Google trends measure of investors’ attention. Due to inherent heterogeneity and dependence properties of returns and other time series in financial and crypto markets, we provide the analysis of the predictive regressions using both heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) standard-errors and also the recently developed

t

t

-statistic robust inference approaches, Ibragimov, R., & Müller, U. K. (2010). t-statistic based correlation and heterogeneity robust inference. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 28, 453–468; Ibragimov, R., & Müller, U. K. (2016). Inference with few heterogeneous clusters. Review of Economics and Statistics, 98, 83–96. We provide comparisons of robust predictive regression estimates between different cryptocurrencies and their corresponding risk and factor exposures. In general, the number of significant factors decreases as we use more robust t-tests, and the t-statistic robust inference approaches appear to perform better than the t-tests based on HAC standard errors in terms of pointing out interpretable economic conclusions. The results in this paper emphasize the importance of the use of robust inference approaches in the analysis of economic and financial data affected by the problems of heterogeneity and dependence.
Politische Polarisierung: Zur Systematisierung eines vielschichtigen Konzepts
Authors: Roose Jochen , Steinhilper Elias 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDebatten um gesellschaftliche Spaltung haben derzeit Konjunktur. Allerdings bleibt oft unscharf, was darunter verstanden wird. Somit fallen die Diagnosen zum Zustand der Gesellschaft unterschiedlich, bisweilen sogar gegensätzlich aus. Dieser Literaturüberblick systematisiert das Konzept „politische Polarisierung“ und trägt die bisherigen Befunde zusammen. Gerade mit Blick auf die USA ist die Forschung vielfältig, allerdings nur bedingt übertragbar auf Deutschland. In einem Dreischritt wird die Literatur nach den jeweils betrachteten Formen von Polarisierung geordnet, nach Ursachen von Polarisierung befragt, und schließlich die Folgen von Polarisierung für demokratische Gemeinwesen diskutiert.
AfD gegen die Grünen? Rechtspopulismus und klimapolitische Polarisierung in Deutschland
Authors: Otteni Cyrill , Weisskircher Manès 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDer politische Konflikt um den Klimawandel bestimmt die deutsche Politik. Dieser Artikel untersucht die oftmals vernachlässigte Rolle der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in dieser Auseinandersetzung und zeigt, dass rechtspopulistische Parteien keine „single-issue“-Parteien sind. Dabei wird sowohl die Angebots- als auch die Nachfrageseite beleuchtet. Der Artikel fokussiert zunächst auf das klimapolitische Angebot der AfD und diskutiert, wie sie, im starken Gegensatz zu ihren Mitbewerber*innen, den anthropogenen Klimawandel leugnet und welche konkreten energiepolitischen Themen sie dabei in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Im Anschluss zeigt der Artikel, dass die Positionierung der AfD mit den Ansichten ihrer Wähler*innen im Einklang steht. Das Angebot korrespondiert mit der Nachfrage: „Klimaskeptische“ Teile der deutschen Bevölkerung sympathisieren verstärkt mit der AfD. Das betrifft nicht nur allgemeine Ansichten zur Existenz des menschengemachten Klimawandels, sondern auch konkret den Ausbau der Produktion erneuerbarer Energie oder den Atom- und Kohleausstieg. Dabei bildet die AfD den klaren Gegenpol zu den Sympathisant*innen von Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. Abschließend diskutiert der Beitrag die Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse, insbesondere in Bezug auf aktuelle Debatten rund um gesellschaftliche Konfliktlinien und zunehmende Polarisierung.
Patterns of individual variation and change in Golden Age Spanish. An analysis of three linguistic variables in a corpus of private correspondence
Authors: Blas-Arroyo José Luis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBased on a corpus of private correspondence written by 16 authors from the Golden Age period, this study analyses the idiolectal distributions of three distinctive variants of early classical Spanish. After comparing these distributions at different times in the lives of these individuals against those found in the same period in previous variationist studies, the existence of three idiolectal profiles is detected: refractory, in-between and followers. The first two profiles are in the majority, although some examples of the third are also found. In any event, these profiles are not monolithic. On the contrary, with a few exceptions, speakers do not follow the same patterns in the three cases of variation studied. Moreover, a longitudinal analysis of the letters at different life stages shows that the stability of the distributions is the norm. Nevertheless, there are also some exceptions, i.e. authors who evolve significantly in the distribution of the variants, although almost always in the same direction: the progressive replacement of vernacular forms by others, following the prevailing trends of change. The main theoretical implications of these results are connected to previous findings in the literature on earlier stages of other European languages dealing with the role of idiolectal variation in shaping linguistic variation and change.
Can cultural tourism resources become a development feature helping rural areas to revitalize the local economy under the epidemic? An exploration of the perspective of attractiveness, satisfaction, and willingness by the revisit of Hakka cultural tourism
Authors: Lin Hsiao Hsien , Chen I-Yun , Lu Shih-Yun , Tseng Yi-Han , Lin Jao-Chuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the impact of attractiveness, satisfaction, and willingness to revisit in the perception of cultural tourism tourists and whether cultural tourism could be a remedy to revitalize rural economic development under the epidemic, using the Hakka settlement in Hukeng town as a case study. In this study, a mixed research method is applied to collect 670 questionnaires by snowball sampling and used SPSS 26.0 statistical software to conduct basic statistical validation and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) validation; the semi-structured is also used semi-structured interviews to collect the opinions of six experts and scholars, and the final results were examined by multivariate validation. The researchers found the following dimensions to be attractive for tourists to experience cultural tourism: rural scenery, heritage museums and cultural goods, low spending, use of media marketing, planning for proper tourism information, and public transportation construction effectiveness. However, there is also a need to improve the current situation of rural tourism transportation and transportation facilities, inject young development manpower, improve the knowledge and skills of the elderly to start their businesses, develop business opportunities, and stabilize prices, and improve the quality and satisfaction of tourists to promote the desire to travel. The higher the attractiveness, the higher the satisfaction, and the stronger the willingness to revisit.
A novel equilibrium optimized double-loop control scheme for unstable and integrating chemical processes involving dead time
Authors: Aryan Pulakraj , Raja G. Lloyds 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Integrating and unstable chemical processes showcase instability in open-loop configuration due to the existence of poles at the origin and right-half of the s-plane. They present challenging control requirements due to their non-self-regulating nature. The presence of dead time demands more sophisticated control requirements for the above-mentioned processes. So double-loop control strategies are preferred over PID controllers in single-loop configuration. In this work, a novel IMC-PD double-loop control strategy is proposed for unstable and integrating plants with dead time. The inner-loop consists of PD controller whose initial settings are derived using Routh–Hurwitz stability conditions. The outer-loop consists of an IMC controller whose parameter along with that of the PD controller is optimized using the metaheuristic algorithm called equilibrium optimizer algorithm (EOA). EOA utilizes the range of controller settings from RH criteria for stable operation and provides the optimal settings by minimizing the integral square error (ISE). Merits of the suggested strategy is illustrated with the help of benchmark plant models of unstable/integrating chemical processes and that of a bioreactor. By computing quantitative performance measures, the dynamic responses resulting from the proposed control scheme is found to be more effective than the reported works.
Personalized recommendation system based on social tags in the era of Internet of Things
Authors: Dong Jie , Li Gui , Ma Wenkai , Liu Jianshun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet, recommendation systems have received widespread attention as an effective way to solve information overload. Social tagging technology can both reflect users’ interests and describe the characteristics of the items themselves, making group recommendation thus becoming a recommendation technology in urgent demand nowadays. In traditional tag-based recommendation systems, the general processing method is to calculate the similarity and then rank the recommended items according to the similarity. Without considering the influence of continuous user behavior, in this article, we propose a personalized recommendation algorithm based on social tags by combining the ideas of Markov chain and collaborative filtering. This algorithm splits the three-dimensional relationship of <user-tag-item> into two two-dimensional relationships of <user-tag> and <tag-item>. The user’s interest degree to the tags is calculated by the Markov chain model, and then the items corresponding to them are matched by the recommended tag set. The influence between tags is used to model the satisfaction of items based on the correlation between the tags contained in the matched items, and collaborative filtering is used to complete the sparse values when calculating the interest and satisfaction between user–tags and user–items to improve the accuracy of recommendations. The experiments show that in the publicly available dataset, the personalized recommendation algorithm proposed in this article has significantly improved in accuracy and recall rate compared with the existing algorithms.
Optical wireless communication under the effect of low electric field
Authors: Sabri Noor Wisam , Mohammed Firas S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of free space optics (FSO) technology is investigated under the effect of external electric fields perturbations; standard parameters of the proposed system adopted by performing experimental setup measurements on the laser propagation axis and computer simulation using the “OptiSystem” program. The experimental results show linear relation between the electric field and the fluctuation of the output power As a result of the interference between the transmitted signal and the noise created by an electric field. The simulation results illustrate that when the transmitter divergence angle increased the Q-factor decreased, but not high enough to cause a complete blocking to the transmitted signal. The significance of these results, they help to understand the effect of electric discharges and Corona phenomenon of the electric field produced by the transmission line conductors nearby the optical communication systems where, (1 mrad) is the most effective divergence angle that reduces these effects.
Deep learning in light–matter interactions
Authors: Midtvedt Daniel , Mylnikov Vasilii , Stilgoe Alexander , Käll Mikael , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina , Volpe Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The deep-learning revolution is providing enticing new opportunities to manipulate and harness light at all scales. By building models of light–matter interactions from large experimental or simulated datasets, deep learning has already improved the design of nanophotonic devices and the acquisition and analysis of experimental data, even in situations where the underlying theory is not sufficiently established or too complex to be of practical use. Beyond these early success stories, deep learning also poses several challenges. Most importantly, deep learning works as a black box, making it difficult to understand and interpret its results and reliability, especially when training on incomplete datasets or dealing with data generated by adversarial approaches. Here, after an overview of how deep learning is currently employed in photonics, we discuss the emerging opportunities and challenges, shining light on how deep learning advances photonics.
Information about space from time: how mammals navigate the odour landscape
Authors: Ackels Tobias 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sensory input across modalities is highly dynamic, continuously confronting the brain with the task of making sense of the external world. Olfaction is a key sense that many species depend on for survival, for example to locate food sources and mating partners or to avoid encountering predators. In the absence of visual cues, olfactory cues are especially useful, as they provide information over a large range of distances. Natural odours form temporally complex plumes that show rapid fluctuations in odour concentration carrying information about the location of an odour source. This review focuses on how primarily mammals use this spatial information from olfactory cues to navigate their environment. I highlight progress made on the physical description of dynamically fluctuating odours, behavioural paradigms to investigate odour-guided navigation and review initial findings on the underlying neural mechanisms that allow mammals to extract spatial information from the dynamic odour landscape.