bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence characterization of extracellular HBV RNA in patient plasma
Authors: Chang Silvia , Hedskog Charlotte , Parhy Bandita , Martin Ross , Mo Hongmei , Maiorova Evguenia , Zoulim Fabien 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntiviral nucleos(t)ide analogue therapies inhibit HBV replication and suppress the HBV DNA levels in patients with chronic HBV infection. Since HBV RNAs are expressed from cccDNA or HBV integrated sequences, independently of viral genome replication, levels of HBV RNAs in plasma may remain high following treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogue. Thus, HBV RNAs have been proposed to be used as a viral biomarker for treatment outcome and disease progression. Recent investigations of plasma HBV RNAs described the presence of full length as well as subgenomic forms of RNA. To support the usage of plasma HBV RNAs as a viral biomarker, further understanding of HBV RNA composition in clinical samples is needed. Here, sequence of extracellular HBV RNAs was characterized in plasma samples of patients with chronic HBV infection using two independent RNA amplification methods that do not use HBV‐specific primers for amplification: total RNA (NuGEN RNAseq) and mRNA (TruSeq RNAseq). Sequencing coverage was obtained across the full length of HBV genome for both methods, confirming the presence of full‐length HBV RNA in plasma. The sequence of HBV RNA was nearly identical to plasma HBV DNA sequence in each sample with only 0–14 (median 4) mismatches over 3 kb. Thus, sequence of HBV RNA plasma reflects the intrahepatic viral reservoir and can be used for monitoring of sequence variants such as resistance in clinical trials. Additionally, RNA splice forms, different polyA tails start positions and presence of HBV‐human chimeric transcript were identified.
Computed tomography features of discospondylitis in dogs
Authors: Gomes Sergio A. , Targett Mike , Lowrie Mark 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) findings of dogs with discospondylitis have not been widely described despite increased availability of this imaging modality.ObjectivesDescribe the CT features of discospondylitis in a population of clinically affected dogs with discospondylitis diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).AnimalsForty‐one dogs (63 affected discs) with MRI‐identified discospondylitis presented to a single referral hospital between 2012 and 2022.MethodsRetrospective, single center, descriptive case series with analysis of MRI‐identified discospondylitis sites and concomitant CT imaging. Computed tomographic features of MRI‐affected sites including intervertebral disc space (IVDS), endplates, vertebral body, epidural space and paraspinal tissues were described.ResultsThe most frequently found changes were: (1) endplate involvement (87.3%) most frequently bilateral (94.5%), with erosion (61.9%) and multifocal osteolysis (67.3%); (2) periosteal proliferation adjacent to the IVDS (73%) and spondylosis (66.7%); and (3) vertebral body involvement (66.7%) involving one‐third of the vertebra (85.7%) with multifocal osteolysis (73.5%). Other less prevalent features included an abnormal IVDS (narrowed or collapsed), sclerosis of the adjacent vertebral body or endplates, presence of disseminated idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis or vacuum artifact.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe determined that bilateral endplate erosion and periosteal proliferation were very common in dogs with discospondylitis. Careful evaluation of CT in all 3 planes (dorsal, sagittal, transverse) is necessary to identify an affected IVDS. These described CT features can aid in the diagnosis of discospondylitis in dogs but equivocal cases might still require MRI.
Incidence of relapse of inflammatory protein‐losing enteropathy in dogs and associated risk factors
Authors: Green Jodie , Kathrani Aarti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDogs with inflammatory protein‐losing enteropathy (iPLE) that attain remission may be at risk of subsequent relapse.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of relapse of iPLE in dogs that have previously attained complete clinical and biochemical remission and identify associated risk factors.AnimalsSeventy‐five client‐owned dogs diagnosed with iPLE.MethodsMedical records of dogs diagnosed with iPLE based on histopathology of intestinal biopsy specimens between March 2010 and March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Variables were recorded from the time of investigation at histopathologic diagnosis and subsequent follow‐up information was obtained from the records of referring veterinarians.ResultsTwenty‐three dogs (31%) achieved sustained remission without documentation of relapse for at least 2 years. Nineteen dogs (25%) achieved remission, but then subsequently relapsed within 2 years of histopathologic diagnosis, and 33 dogs (44%) never achieved remission with disease‐associated death occurring a median of 19 (range, 3‐114) days after histopathologic diagnosis. Dogs that achieved remission and subsequently relapsed had significantly higher poor dietary compliance, as defined by frequent scavenging or changing from the recommended diet compared to dogs with sustained remission (P = .01).ConclusionsInflammatory PLE is associated with a high rate of relapse in dogs. Ensuring owners adhere to dietary recommendations might help prevent subsequent relapse in dogs with iPLE that attain initial remission.
The impact of shared social spaces on the wellness and learning of junior doctors: A scoping review
Authors: Uys Ciska , Carrieri Daniele , Mattick Karen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionImpaired wellness among junior doctors is a significant problem. Connectedness and sense of belonging may be important factors to prevent and reduce mental ill‐health. Shared social spaces in which health care staff can meet informally are thought to improve connectedness; however, these spaces are in decline. It is unclear what is known about such spaces, how they are used, and their impact on wellness and learning. This study aims to identify and synthetise available literature that informs our current understanding of the nature of shared social spaces as an intervention impacting wellness and learning of junior doctors.MethodsA scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley five‐step framework. The review question is ‘What is the evidence of the impact of shared social spaces on wellness and learning of junior doctors?’ We searched five databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsychINFO, APA PsychExtra, and ERIC. We conducted thorough supplementary searches in addition to the database search.ResultsWe included 41 articles. These were predominantly letters, commentaries, and editorials with only five primary research studies. We identified four significant common attributes of shared social spaces, which can be credited with positive impacts on wellness and learning: (1) Informal: fostering connectedness and belonging, trust and teamwork and offering access to informal help and support; (2) safe: allowing reflection, debrief and raising of concerns; (3) functional: there is planning of clinical care activity, sense of control and engagement from users and provision of refreshment; (4) legitimate: regular maintenance and use of shared social spaces affect role modelling, sustainability and wellness culture.DiscussionThis review identified several ways in which shared social spaces impact positively on learning and wellness. There is little primary research in this area. Future research would be useful to further examine how and why this works.
Fewer medical students are open to body donation after dissecting human cadavers
Authors: Gebert John Thomas , Zhang Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionCadaver dissection has long been hailed as a vital component of medical education. Although most physicians acknowledge positive impacts of cadaver dissection on their learning, they are less likely to will their bodies for anatomical dissection than the general public. This study aims to determine whether the proportion of medical students open to willed body donation changes after completing cadaver dissection.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study surveying 323 medical students across three cohorts before and after anatomical dissection of human cadavers. Through the survey, students indicated whether they would will their body for anatomical dissection. Additionally, students responded to items regarding the rationale underlying their decision, demographics and perceived effects of anatomical dissection on medical education.ResultsThe proportion of students who expressed openness to willed body donation decreased by 25% after cadaver dissection. Of the 171 students who initially stated they would will their body, 61 (35%) changed their response after completing cadaver dissection. Those who cited religion as a motivating factor were less likely to show openness to body donation, whereas those who cited ethical factors were more likely.ConclusionsThis study documents a substantial decrease in the proportion of students open to willed body donation after completion of cadaver dissection. Despite this, students almost universally report educational benefits of cadaver dissection. This raises interesting questions regarding the emotional impact of cadaver dissection and the ethical implications of willed body donation.
A case of breast implant illness presenting as chronic headaches: A case report
Authors: Nayak Chetan S. , Sivaraman Manjamalai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe describe a middle‐aged patient with breast implants presenting with chronic headaches. We obtained a detailed clinical history from the patient about the temporal course of her headaches to her breast implant placement. We tried to rule out another potential differential diagnosis. Chronic headaches started 6 months after the patient underwent bilateral breast augmentation with saline breast implants, and they resolved soon after the implant was removed. We were able to rule out other possible causes of headaches clinically. Several well‐powered studies have shown a strong association between breast implant illness and neurological conditions. However, this may be easily overlooked if we do not have a solid clinical suspicion based on history. In an appropriate clinical setting, breast implant illness should be considered in patients presenting with new‐onset persistent headaches.
Acute kidney injury in the tropics
Authors: Kusirisin Prit , da Silva Junior Geraldo Bezerra , Sitprija Visith , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe tropics are a region consisting of more than 125 countries, accounting for 40% of the world's population. The region's population is expected to increase up to 60% in the coming decades. Many tropical countries continue to experience public health problems such as high rates of infectious diseases, lack of sanitation, climate change impacts, poor regulation of herbal medicines and low access to healthcare. These conditions produce the unique problem of tropical acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Tropical infections such as leptospirosis, dengue and malaria have varied mechanisms of AKI, including both direct kidney invasion and indirect effects, depending on the disease characteristics. Animal toxins from snakebites and arthropods along with plant toxins, such as djenkol beans, starfruit and herbal medicine, are characterized by a harmful renal effect from each toxic substance. Environmental factors such as heat stress, natural disasters and chemical compounds also lead to AKI and have a systemic effect from their own pathogenesis. The long‐term kidney prognosis varies among these etiologies depending on the cause and severity of disease. However, all these conditions are potentially preventable and treatable. Prompt management and good preventive approaches are needed. This article will focus on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of AKI associated with tropical infections, toxins and environment impacts.
Learning from COVID‐19: Cross‐sectional e‐survey of critical care nurses' satisfaction and experiences of their role in the pandemic response across the United Kingdom
Authors: Stayt Louise Caroline , Bench Suzanne , Credland Nicki , Plowright Catherine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the start of the global COVID‐19 pandemic in 2019, critical care nurses across the world have been working under extreme levels of pressure.AimTo understand critical care nurses' experiences of and satisfaction with their role in the pandemic response across the United Kingdom (UK).Study DesignA cross‐sectional electronic survey of critical care nurses (n = 339) registered as members of the British Association of Critical Care Nurses. Anonymous quantitative and open‐ended question data were collected in March and April 2021 during the height of the second surge of COVID‐19 in the UK via an online questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and free text responses were collated and analysed thematically.ResultsThere was a response rate of 17.5%. Critical care nurses derived great satisfaction from making a difference during this global crisis and greatly valued teamwork and support from senior nurses. However, nurses consistently expressed concern over the quality of safe patient care, which they perceived to be suboptimal due to staff shortages and a dilution of the specialist skill mix. Together with the high volume of patient deaths, critical care nurses reported that these stressors influenced their personalwell‐being.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the key lessons health care leaders must consider when managing the response to the demands and challenges of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. COVID‐19 is unpredictable in its course, and what future variants might mean in terms of transmissibility, severity and resultant pressures to critical care remains unknown.Relevance to Clinical PracticeFuture responses to the challenges that critical care faces must consider nurses' experiences and create an environment that engenders supportive teamwork, facilitates excellent nursing practice and effective safe patient care where critical care nursing may thrive.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia (qPAD) using a large sample of staff from Australian residential aged care homes
Authors: Tropea Joanne , Brand Caroline A. , Lim Wen K. , Hepworth Graham , Finch Sue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia (qPAD) is increasingly being used to assess residential aged care workers' knowledge and attitudes about palliative care for people with dementia. The qPAD developers performed an exploratory factor analysis and assessed the internal consistency using a small sample.AimThe aim of this study was to further assess the structural validity of the qPAD using a large sample of qPAD responses from staff who work in residential aged care homes in Australia.MethodsData from 727 care staff who participated in an Australian dementia palliative care training project were used for exploratory factor analyses, assessment of internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis of the knowledge test and attitude scale components of the qPAD.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis of the knowledge test produced a four‐factor solution. One item loaded weakly, and four items had cross‐loadings. Factor labels for the knowledge test were difficult to define. Factor analysis of the attitude scale produced a three‐factor structure with good internal consistency—Feeling valued and part of the care team (α = 0.88), Family and team engagement (α = 0.75) and Perceptions and beliefs (α = 0.83). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated improvements in model fit were needed for both the knowledge test and attitude scale.ConclusionThe findings of this factor analysis differed from the original study. The attitude scale produced a three‐factor structure, but the knowledge test requires further development due to weak and cross‐loadings of several items, inadequate internal consistency of factors and poor model fit.
Combination of Cable Cerclage and Hook Plate for the Fixation of Comminuted Fractures of Inferior Patellar Pole: A Review of 16 Consecutive Patients Followed Up for a Minimum of 1 Year
Authors: Gu Hangyu , Zhu Shiwen , Li Ting , Wu Xinbao 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo present a new method consisting of cable cerclage and hook plate for fixating the comminuted inferior patellar pole fracture and evaluate the outcomes.MethodsA total of 16 consecutive patients who were treated with the construct of a cable cerclage in combination with a hook plate between January 2018 and September 2020 were included in the study. Mechanism of injury, duration, and technical details of the operation were reviewed. Plain radiographs and computerized tomography (CT) scans were routinely taken to evaluate the fracture pattern. The primary outcome measures included bony healing time, pain intensity‐numerical rating scale (PI‐NRS), range of motion (ROM), and the Bostman score at the final follow‐up.ResultsEight males and eight females with an average age of 55.6 ± 12.0 years (range, 41 to 73 years) were included. Bony union was achieved in all the patients, with an average healing time of 10.8 ± 2.4 weeks (range, 8–16 weeks). With the average follow‐up of 20.1 ± 5.3 months, 12 patients (75%) had no pain (PI‐NRS score of 0), and the remaining four patients (25%) reported mild pain (three with a PI‐NRS score of 1 and one with a score of 2). The final Bostman score was 27.8 ± 3.0 (range, 20–30) on average, and all the patients showed excellent or good results. The average range of motion was 127.5° ± 13.9° (range, 90°–140°). No implant failure or hardware irritation was found during the follow‐up.ConclusionThe fixation of cable cerclage combined with hook plate resulted as a reliable method for managing the inferior patellar pole fractures, allowing immediate rehabilitation and weight‐bearing.
Risks of inappropriate use of an algorithm favouring intrinsic conduction
Authors: Lo Savio Armando , Crea Bruna , Dattilo Giuseppe , Crea Pasquale 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn 80‐year‐old woman received a dual chamber pacemaker (Boston Scientific Accolade MRI DR) for pre‐syncopal episodes associated with transient II‐degree atrioventricular block type 1 and 2:1, recorded in 24‐h Holter monitoring. Due to residual AV conduction with I‐degree AV block, the pacemaker was set with the RYTHMIQ® algorithm, in order to reduce inappropriate ventricular pacing. A month later the patient started to complain of severe asthenia and bradycardia (46‐48 bpm). Telemetry‐supported pacemaker control revealed III‐degree AV block with junctional escape rhythm, unmasking missed switch of RYTHMIQ® algorithm.
Defense versus growth trade‐offs: Insights from glucosinolates and their catabolites
Authors: Malhotra Bhanu , Kumar Pawan , Bisht Naveen C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpecialized metabolites are a structurally diverse group of naturally occurring compounds that facilitate plant–environment interactions. Their synthesis and maintenance in plants is overall a resource‐demanding process that occurs at the expense of growth and reproduction and typically incurs several costs. Evidence emerging on different specialized compounds suggests that they serve multiple auxiliary functions to influence and moderate primary metabolism in plants. These new functionalities enable them to mediate trade‐offs from defenses to growth and also to offset their production and maintenance costs in plants. Recent research on glucosinolates (GSLs), which are specialized metabolites of Brassicales, demonstrates their emerging multifunctionalities to fine‐tune plant growth and development under variable environments. Herein, we present findings from the septennium on individual GSLs and their catabolites (GHPs) per se, that work as mobile signals within plants to mediate precise regulations of their primary physiological functions. Both GSLs and GHPs calibrate growth‐defense trade‐off interactions either synergistically or directly when they function as storage compounds, abiotic stress alleviators, and one‐to‐one regulators of growth pathways in plants. We finally summarize the overall lessons learned from GSLs and GHPs as a model and raise the most pressing questions to address the molecular‐genetic intricacies of specialized metabolite‐based trade‐offs in plants.
Prognostic factors in major depressive disorder: comparing responders and non‐responders to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), a naturalistic retrospective chart review
Authors: Abo Aoun Mohamed , Meek Benjamin P. , Clair Luc , Wikstrom Sara , Prasad Benjamin , Modirrousta Mandana 
Published: October 2022

AimRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely utilized as an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) with varying response rates. Factors associated with better treatment outcome remain scarce. This naturalistic retrospective chart review hopes to shed light on easily obtainable and measurable predictive factors for patients referred to rTMS.MethodsProtocol parameters, medication, rated scales, rTMS protocols, and treatment outcomes were reviewed for 196 patients with MDD who received rTMS at Saint Boniface Hospital between 2013 and 2019. Logistic regression and marginal effects were used to assess the different predictor variables for response (50% reduction or more on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham‐D)) and remission (Ham‐D of ≤7 by the last session).ResultsHamD at 10 sessions was predictive of remission, and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) at 10 sessions was predictive of response to rTMS. Ham‐D, SDS, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were predictive of remission and response by Beck Anxiety Inventory 20 sessions. High frequency rTMS had a similar response and remission rate to low frequency, but higher response rate to intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation with no difference in remission rate. Positive predictive factors of response were lower age and bupropion use. Negative predictive factors were antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, or benzodiazepine use. For remission, antipsychotics or anticonvulsants use were negative predictors; bupropion use and higher resting motor threshold were positive predictors. Severity of depression as measured by baseline HamD was not associated with different probabilities of treatment success.
Peter Winch and the idea of immanent transcendence
Authors: Vogt Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe idea of immanent transcendence is constitutive for Winch's philosophy of religion and his ethics. Winch's philosophy of religion insists on the ‘immanent’ dimension of religion. His ethics insists on the ‘transcendent’ dimension of ethics. In this sense, both religion and ethics embody a perspective ‘beyond’ this world and yet must have practical consequences in this world. Transcendence without immanence is idle, and immanence without transcendence is empty—this is the kernel of Winch's philosophy of religion and of his ethics.