bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whistler Waves in the Foot of Quasi‐Perpendicular Supercritical Shocks
Authors: Lalti Ahmad , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Graham Daniel B. , Vaivads Andris , Steinvall Konrad , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhistler waves are thought to play an essential role in the dynamics of collisionless shocks. We use the magnetospheric multiscale spacecraft to study whistler waves around the lower hybrid frequency, upstream of 11 quasi‐perpendicular supercritical shocks. We apply the 4‐spacecraft timing method to unambiguously determine the wave vector k of whistler waves. We find that the waves are oblique to the background magnetic field with a wave‐normal angle between 20° and 42°, and a wavelength of around 100 km, which is close to the ion inertial length. We also find that k is predominantly in the same plane as the magnetic field and the normal to the shock. By combining this precise knowledge of k with high‐resolution measurements of the 3D ion velocity distribution, we show that a reflected ion beam is in resonance with the waves, opening up the possibility for wave‐particle interaction between the reflected ions and the observed whistlers. The linear stability analysis of a system mimicking the observed distribution suggests that such a system can produce the observed waves.
Spurious Forces Can Dominate the Vorticity Budget of Ocean Gyres on the C‐Grid
Authors: Styles Andrew F. , Bell Michael J. , Marshall David P. , Storkey David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGyres are prominent surface structures in the global ocean circulation that often interact with the sea floor in a complex manner. Diagnostic methods, such as the depth‐integrated vorticity budget, are needed to assess exactly how such model circulations interact with the bathymetry. Terms in the vorticity budget can be integrated over the area enclosed by streamlines to identify forces that spin gyres up and down. In this article we diagnose the depth‐integrated vorticity budgets of both idealized gyres and the Weddell Gyre in a realistic global model. It is shown that spurious forces play a significant role in the dynamics of all gyres presented and that they are a direct consequence of the Arakawa C‐grid discretization and the z‐coordinate representation of the sea floor. The spurious forces include a numerical beta effect and interactions with the sea floor which originate from the discrete Coriolis force when calculated with the following schemes: the energy conserving scheme; the enstrophy conserving scheme; and the energy and enstrophy conserving scheme. Previous studies have shown that bottom pressure torques provide the main interaction between the depth‐integrated flow and the sea floor. Bottom pressure torques are significant, but spurious interactions with bottom topography are similar in size. Possible methods for reducing the identified spurious topographic forces are discussed. Spurious topographic forces can be alleviated by using either a B‐grid in the horizontal plane or a terrain‐following vertical coordinate.
An Analytic Element Model for Intersecting and Heterogeneous Fractures in Groundwater Flow
Authors: Toller Erik A. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntersecting fractures often dominate the rock though which groundwater flows and they represent a crucial feature in groundwater models. In this paper, limitless analytic elements were used to model intersecting and heterogeneous fractures with either high or low transmissivity relative to that of the surrounding medium. To handle the singular behavior at the intersections, fractures were modeled as multiple elements, the tips of which meet at the point of intersection. The same approach was used to model heterogeneous fractures where the transmissivity is discontinuous along a fracture. Representing the fractures analytically in the continuum allows for an exact representation of the groundwater exchange between the fractures and the continuum. Thereby producing an accurate model of flow through a network of fractures in a continuum. This solution is capable of accurately computing the groundwater flow for both a network of fractures with a high transmissivity and an assembly of heterogeneous fractures near a tunnel.
Impacts of Vegetation on Dryland River Morphology: Insights From Spring‐Fed Channel Reaches, Henry Mountains, Utah
Authors: Southard P. J. , Johnson J. P. L. , Rempe D. M. , Matheny A. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA better understanding of how vegetation influences alluvial channels could improve (a) assessments of channel stability and flood risks, (b) applications of vegetation as a river management tool, and (c) predictions of channel responses to climate change and other human impacts. We take advantage of a natural field experiment in the semi‐arid to arid Henry Mountains, Utah, USA: large spatial differences in bed and bank vegetation are found along some alluvial channels due to localized perennial springs caused by aquicludes in the underlying bedrock. Airborne LiDAR topography and flood modeling are used to constrain channel morphology, vegetation density, and flow velocity at different flood discharges for three spring‐fed reaches along intermittently flowing streams. The spatial distribution of vegetation quantitatively influences both the magnitude and direction of channel adjustment. Reaches with abundant bed vegetation are significantly wider (by an average of ≈50%), with shallower flows and lower velocities, than reaches with little bed vegetation. Reaches with dense channel bank vegetation are ≈25% narrower and ≈25% deeper than sparsely vegetated reaches. We interpret that sediment grain size influences the spatial distribution of vegetation within spring reaches, but that bank vegetation may be more important than grain size for “threshold” width adjustments. Widths, depths, and velocities are fairly insensitive to whether local hydraulic roughness is parameterized in terms of local vegetation density or is assumed spatially constant, suggesting that the underlying “bare earth” topography of the channel bed and banks exerts more control on local flow than does local vegetation density in this landscape.
Thank You to Our 2021 Reviewers
Authors: Wysession Michael , Grimm Nancy B. , Hofmann Eileen , Illangasekare Tissa , Peterson Bill , Rignot Eric , Zhang Renyi 
Published: May 2022

Plain Language SummaryA big “Thank You!” to our 2021 reviewers! Scientific publications always rely upon the kindness of colleagues to take time from their own busy schedules to provide assistance in helping to improve the quality of other people's work.
Atmospheric Lunar Tide in the Low Latitude Thermosphere‐Ionosphere
Authors: Lieberman Ruth S. , Harding Brian J. , Heelis Roderick A. , Pedatella Nicholas M. , Forbes Jeffrey M. , Oberheide Jens 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present simultaneous, independent measurements of the atmospheric semidiurnal lunar tide in neutral winds and plasma velocities from NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer, and in atomic oxygen 135.6 nm airglow measured by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk. Westward tidal winds near 115 km at the magnetic equator occur during part of the upward phase of the in‐situ plasma drift. Vertical motions associated with the field‐aligned plasma velocity occur away from the magnetic equator. The morphology of the lunar tide, and the phasing between the airglow and plasma velocities are consistent with E × B drift as a mechanism for linking neutral wind and plasma perturbations. This work provides the first observational quantification of global‐scale E‐ and F‐region coupling through E × B and field‐aligned vertical drifts.
Structural Anomaly at the Boundary Between Strong and Weak Plate Coupling in the Central‐Western Nankai Trough
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Shiraishi K. , Fujie G. , Kodaira S. , Kimura G. , Kaiho Y. , No T. , Miura S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo investigate structural characteristics associated with variations in slip behavior on the plate boundary in the Nankai subduction zone, we conducted seismic reflection surveys in the central‐western Nankai Trough. Data were processed by pre‐stack depth migration. The resulting depth map of the top of the subducting Philippine Sea plate shows detailed topographic features of the plate boundary, including subducting seamounts and large‐scale undulations of the plate surface. We report the presence of a structurally anomalous region, potentially with low velocity, in the overriding plate at the boundary between the zone of large coseismic slip during the 1946 Nankai earthquake and the area producing slow earthquakes. This anomaly appears to be related to depth‐dependent variations in plate boundary slip style and plate coupling in the central‐western Nankai Trough.
Understanding the contextual functions of C1q and LAIR-1 and their applications
Authors: Son Myoungsun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe importance of the complement component C1q has been highlighted by its involvement in autoimmunity, infection, inflammatory diseases, and tumors. The unique tulip-like structure of C1q has both a collagen-like stalk (C1q tail) and heterotrimeric globular head (gC1q), each with different binding specificities, and the binding of these components to their respective receptors leads to functional complexities in the body and bridges innate and adaptive immunity. This review describes the fundamental roles of C1q in various microenvironments and focuses on the importance of the interactions of C1q and its receptors with the inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 in maintaining homeostasis. Current therapeutic opportunities modulating LAIR-1 are also discussed.
RP1-59D14.5 triggers autophagy and represses tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer via activation of the Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Zhong Bing , Zhao Zexue , Jiang Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the major malignant tumors among men worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been documented as important modulators in human cancers, including PCa. In our study, we investigated the role and potential mechanism of RP1-59D14.5 in PCa. RP1-59D14.5 expressed at a low level in PCa cells. Gain-of-function assays including colony formation and transwell assays displayed that RP1-59D14.5 overexpression repressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, RP1-59D14.5 up-regulation induced autophagy in PCa cells. Mechanically, luciferase reporter assays and western blot verified that RP1-59D14.5 activated the Hippo pathway in PCa cells. Through RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays, we validated that RP1-59D14.5 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2) via targeting miR-147a. Moreover, RP1-59D14.5 recruited HUR to promote casein kinase 1 (CK1) expression. Collectively, RP1-59D14.5 promoted yes-associated protein (YAP) degradation to activate the Hippo pathway in PCa progression via targeting the miR-147a/LATS1/2 axis and recruiting HUR to promote the interaction of CK1 and β-transducin repeat-containing protein (βTrCP). These results implied that RP1-59D14.5 acted as a tumor suppressor in PCa, which might be a target for PCa treatment.
DMDRMR promotes angiogenesis via antagonizing DAB2IP in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yumeng , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Yang , Pan Yongbo , Han Xiaoqi , Peng Bo , Zhang Xu , Niu Shaoxi , Wang He , Ye Qinong , Gu Yinmin , Gao Shan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients are highly angiogenic and treated by targeted therapies against VEGFA/VEGFR signaling pathway. However, tumors with such targeted therapies remain a significant clinic challenge. Understanding the underlying mechanism against angiogenesis is highly desired. Here, we demonstrated that the lncRNA DMDRMR serves as a sponge of miR-378a-5p to increase EZH2 and SMURF1 expression, thus promoting EZH2-mediated transcriptional repression of DAB2IP and SMURF1-mediated degradation of DAB2IP. Consequently, this axis activates VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, resulting in angiogenesis and resistance of tumor cells to sunitinib in ccRCC. Moreover, the competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis of DMDRMR is clinically relevant to ccRCC pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Our results support that the DMDRMR/miR-378a-5p/DAB2IP axis may serve as a novel target for combination diagnosis or therapy of ccRCC patients. Our findings may have highly clinical relevance for future translation to develop the targeted therapies for patients with ccRCC.
In-plane optical and electrical anisotropy in low-symmetry layered GeS microribbons
Authors: Chen Zhangfu , Hwang Woohyun , Cho Minhyun , Hoang Anh Tuan , Kim Minju , Kim Dongwoo , Kim Dong Ha , Kim Young Duck , Kim Hyun Jae , Ahn Jong-Hyun , Soon Aloysius , Choi Heon-Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLayered group-IV monochalcogenides, including GeS, GeSe, SnS, and SnSe, garner attention because of their anisotropic structures and properties. Here, we report on the growth of GeS microribbons via chemical vapor transport (CVT), which affords each of them with a low-symmetry orthorhombic structure and anisotropic optical and electronic properties. The single-crystalline nature of the GeS microribbon, which has a typical thickness of ~30 nm, is confirmed. Polarized Raman spectra reveal angle-dependent intensities that are attributed to the anisotropic layered structure of GeS microribbons. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra reveal a peak at ~1.66 eV. The angle-dependent PL and anisotropic absorption spectroscopy results provide evidence for a distinct anisotropic optical transition near the energy band edges; this phenomenon is also predicted by our density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations. Strong in-plane direct-current transport anisotropy is observed under dark and white illumination by using back-gate cross-shaped field effect transistors (CSFETs) fabricated with the GeS microribbon; significant gate-tunable conductivity is also confirmed. The strong anisotropy is further confirmed by the DFT-calculated effective mass ratio. Our findings not only support the application of GeS microribbons in anisotropic photoelectronic transistors but also provide more possibilities for other functional device applications.
Generation of Fusarium oxysporum-suppressive soil with non-soil carriers using a multiple-parallel-mineralization technique
Authors: Meeboon Jamjan , Ando Akinori , Ogawa Jun , Miyamoto Kenji , Kato Yasuo , Shinohara Makoto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisease-suppressive soils exist worldwide. However, the disease-suppression mechanism is unknown, and it’s unclear how to produce such soils. The microbiota that develop in a multiple-parallel-mineralization system (MPM) can increase nutrient production efficiency and decrease root disease in hydroponic systems. Artificial media inoculated with MPM microorganisms can degrade organic matter to produce inorganic nutrients similarly to natural soil, but it’s unknown whether they can also suppress pathogen growth. Here, we produced an artificial medium that inhibited root disease similarly to disease-suppressive soils. Microbial MPM culture solution was inoculated into non-soil carriers (rockwool, rice husk charcoal, and vermiculite) to test whether it could suppress growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae J. C. Hubb. & Gerik. We inoculated F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Wollenweber) Snyder et Hansen strain Cong:11 and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae J. C. Hubb. & Gerik into artificial media sown each with Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata supplemented with MPM culture microbes. The MPM microorganisms suppressed F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae J. C. Hubb. & Gerik growth and prevented plant disease. Thus, MPM-inoculated non-soil carriers that can generate inorganic nutrients from organic matter may also suppress disease in the absence of natural soil. Our study shows novel creation of a disease-suppressive effect in non-soil media using the microbial community from MPM culture solution.
Six decades of warming and drought in the world’s top wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of rising CO2 to yield
Authors: Helman David , Bonfil David J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFuture atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentration ([CO2]) rise is expected to increase the grain yield of C3 crops like wheat even higher under drought. This expectation is based on small-scale experiments and model simulations based on such observations. However, this combined effect has never been confirmed through actual observations at the nationwide or regional scale. We present the first evidence that warming and drought in the world’s leading wheat-producing countries offset the benefits of increasing [CO2] to wheat yield in the last six decades. Using country-level wheat yield census observations, [CO2] records, and gridded climate data in a statistical model based on a well-established methodology, we show that a [CO2] rise of ~ 98 μmol mol−1 increased the yield by 7% in the area of the top-twelve wheat-producing countries, while warming of 1.2 °C and water depletion of ~ 29 mm m−2 reduced the wheat grain yield by ~ 3% and ~ 1%, respectively, in the last six decades (1961–2019). Our statistical model corroborated the beneficial effect of [CO2] but contrasted the expected increase of grain yield under drought. Moreover, the increase in [CO2] barely offsets the adverse impacts of warming and drought in countries like Germany and France, with a net yield loss of 3.1% and no gain, respectively, at the end of the sampling period relative to the 1961–1965 baseline. In China and the wheat-growing areas of the former Soviet Union—two of the three largest wheat-producing regions—yields were ~ 5.5% less than expected from current [CO2] levels. Our results suggest shifting our efforts towards more experimental studies set in currently warm and dry areas and combining these with statistical and numerical modeling to improve our understanding of future impacts of a warmer and drier world with higher [CO2].
Increased migration and motility in XIAP-null cells mediated by the C-RAF protein kinase
Authors: Russell Lauren G. , Davis Lydia A. K. , Hunter Jill E. , Perkins Neil D. , Kenneth Niall S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe product encoded by the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) gene is a multi-functional protein which not only controls caspase-dependent cell death, but also participates in inflammatory signalling, copper homeostasis, response to hypoxia and control of cell migration. Deregulation of XIAP, either by elevated expression or inherited genetic deletion, is associated with several human disease states. Reconciling XIAP-dependent signalling pathways with its role in disease progression is essential to understand how XIAP promotes the progression of human pathologies. In this study we have created a panel of genetically modified XIAP-null cell lines using TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the functional outcome of XIAP deletion. Surprisingly, in our genetically modified cells XIAP deletion had no effect on programmed cell death, but instead the primary phenotype we observed was a profound increase in cell migration rates. Furthermore, we found that XIAP-dependent suppression of cell migration was dependent on XIAPdependent control of C-RAF levels, a protein kinase which controls cell signalling pathways that regulate the cytoskeleton. These results suggest that XIAP is not necessary for control of the apoptotic signalling cascade, however it does have a critical role in controlling cell migration and motility that cannot be compensated for in XIAP-knockout cells.
A detection and configuration method for welding completeness in the automotive body-in-white panel based on digital twin
Authors: Li Hao , Li Bing , Liu Gen , Wen Xiaoyu , Wang Haoqi , Wang Xiaocong , Zhang Shuai , Zhai Zhongshang , Yang Wenchao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo address the problems of poor welding completeness and inefficient configuration for defective automotive body-in-white panels, we propose a method for detecting and configuring the welding completeness of automotive body-in-white panels based on digital twin (DT) and mixed reality (MR). The method uses DT to build an MR-oriented DT framework for the detections and configuration of body-in-white panel welding completeness. We propose a method to build a DT knowledge base for panels, a Yolov4-based welding completeness detection method, and a MR-based configuration method for the welding completeness in panels. Our team develop a panel welding completeness detection and configuration system to fully validate the effectiveness of the method.
The vaginal microbiome and the risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Gudnadottir Unnur , Debelius Justine W. , Du Juan , Hugerth Luisa W. , Danielsson Hanna , Schuppe-Koistinen Ina , Fransson Emma , Brusselaers Nele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPreterm birth is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence links the vaginal microbiome to the risk of spontaneous preterm labour that leads to preterm birth. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to investigate the association between the vaginal microbiome, defined as community state types (CSTs, i.e. dominance of specific lactobacilli spp, or not (low-lactobacilli)), and the risk of preterm birth. Systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library was performed. Longitudinal studies using culture-independent methods categorizing the vaginal microbiome in at least three different CSTs to assess the risk of preterm birth were included. A (network) meta-analysis was conducted, presenting pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); and weighted proportions and 95% CI. All 17 studies were published between 2014 and 2021 and included 38–539 pregnancies and 8–107 preterm births. Women presenting with “low-lactobacilli” vaginal microbiome were at increased risk (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15–2.49) for delivering preterm compared to Lactobacillus crispatus dominant women. Our network meta-analysis supports the microbiome being predictive of preterm birth, where low abundance of lactobacilli is associated with the highest risk, and L. crispatus dominance the lowest.
High-efficiency cathode potassium compensation and interfacial stability improvement enabled by dipotassium squarate for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Shuoqing , Liu Zhichao , Xie Guanshun , Guo Ziqi , Wang Shuguang , Zhou Jinhui , Xie Xiuqiang , Sun Bing , Guo Shaojun , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: May 2022

A low-cost and high-efficiency K2C4O4 is used as a potassium reservoir source to boost the electrochemical performance of potassium-ion batteries, and how this strategy is expected to promote their practical application.
Most large colorectal polyps missed by gastroenterology fellows at colonoscopy are sessile serrated lesions
Authors: Vemulapalli Krishna C. , Lahr Rachel E. , Rex Douglas K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Data on adenoma and sessile serrated lesion (SSL) miss rates for gastroenterology fellows during colonoscopy are limited. We aimed to describe the miss rate of fellows based on a second examination by a colonoscopist with a high rate of detection.
Patients and methods Second- and third-year gastroenterology fellows at a single, tertiary center performed initial examinations. A single experienced attending doctor then performed a complete examination of the colon. We recorded the size and pathology of all lesions found at both examinations and calculated the adenoma and SSL miss rates for fellows.
Results Ten trainees performed 100 examinations. Miss rates for conventional adenomas and SSLs were 30.5 % and 85.7 %, respectively. Among pre-cancerous polyps ≥ 10 mm, 10 of 14 lesions missed were SSLs.
Conclusions While conventional adenoma detection skills of gastroenterology fellows are acceptable, SSL detection is poor.