bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifetime and Child Sexual Violence, Risk Factors and Mental Health Correlates Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults in Haiti: A Public Health Emergency
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Dalexis Rose Darly , Clorméus Lewis Ampidu , Lafontaine Marie-France , Guerrier Mireille , Michel Guesly , Hébert Martine 
Published: May 2022

Very little is known in Haiti and the Caribbean regarding child and lifetime sexual victimization. Using a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults aged 15–24, this study aimed to document the prevalence, risk factors and mental health correlates of lifetime and child sexual violence in Haiti. A national cross-sectional surrvey was conducted in Haiti, using a multistage sampling frame, stratified by geographical department, urban or rural setting, gender, and age groups (15–19 and 20–24 years). The final sample included 3586 household participants (47.6% female). A weighted sample of 3945 individuals was obtained and used in the following analyses. Overall rate of lifetime and child sexual violence was, respectively, 27.44% (95% CI 25.94–28.94) and 11.27% (95% CI 10.18–12.35). Lifetime sexual violence rate was significantly higher among female participants (29.02%; 95% CI 27.5–30.55) compared to male (25.73%, 95% CI 24.26–27.2), χ 2 = 4.63, p < .05, but there was no significant gender difference for child sexual victimization. Experiences of family physical violence, emotional abuse by mother and father, divorce of parents, and other physical violence were strongly associated with higher odds of sexual victimization. Participants who reported having experienced sexual violence are more at risk to meet criteria of PTSD (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.66–2.32; p < .0001), depression (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.47–2.02; p < .0001), psychological distress (OR =1.72, 95% CI 1.47–2.02; p < .0001), and substance abuse (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.57; p < .0001). Findings demonstrate that sexual violence is a public health emergency in Haiti. They provide evidence for the development of prevention and intervention programs.
Social Environments and Physical Activity Among Active Black Women
Authors: Affuso Olivia , Kinsey Amber W. , Whitt-Glover Melicia C. , Segar Michelle , Bowen Pamela 
Published: May 2022

PurposeTo explore the social context of physical activity (PA) among active Black women, we examine the patterns of PA engagement and the benefits of social support in PA maintenance.DesignA cross-sectional study design and descriptive phenomenological approach were used to examine social support and lived experiences of active Black women.SettingThe study setting was an online survey of active Black women, ages 21 to 71 years who were recruited from across the United States.ParticipantsThis secondary data analysis was conducted among a sample of 187 active Black women who maintained PA for ≥6 months. The mean age was 41 ± 12.3 years, 83.4% completed some college, 37.7% were married, and 30.0% had children.MeasuresParticipants self-reported ‘with whom’ they engaged in PA and provided qualitative responses about their strategies for PA maintenance. Descriptive statistics were used to examine between-group differences among demographic characteristics and PA variables by category of PA engagement using SAS 9.4. Descriptive phenomenology was used to explore social support themes across and within categories of PA engagement.ResultsOn average, the active Black women in this study reported engaging in 57.0 ± 18.9 minutes of moderate intensity leisure-time PA per session. Most engaged in PA alone (n = 87), with a group (n = 72), or with another individual (n = 28). Social context themes within categories included: alone – self-management, groups - motivation and accountability, family – values health, and friends – shared interests in PA. Subthemes across social context categories included: who? - people, what and how? - types of social support, and where? – place of social support.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that some Black women may need added social support from others beyond family and friends, while other Black women may prefer additional self-management skills. Nonetheless, this study provides data for developing hypotheses about the mechanisms by which social context may facilitate PA maintenance among Black women. Therefore, intervention studies targeting PA maintenance among Black women should include an in-depth query of social support needs.
Facet-level changes in mothers’ neuroticism and extraversion from early pregnancy to 6 months post-partum
Authors: Leikas Sointu , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Räikkönen Katri 
Published: May 2022

Becoming a parent could be expected to affect personality development, but the existing results on parenthood-personality change connection are mixed. The present study investigated 2445 primi- and multiparous mothers’ facet- and domain-level changes in Neuroticism and Extraversion from early pregnancy to 6 months post-partum, using latent difference score models. The results showed that Excitability and the affective facets of Neuroticism decreased, and the Neuroticism facets Impulsivity and Self-Consciousness increased during the follow-up. Furthermore, mother-perceived child difficult temperament attenuated desirable personality change and amplified the increases in Impulsivity. The results suggested that considering facet-level changes in personality development across significant life events is informative, and that mother-perceived child temperament may represent an important moderator of short-term personality change across the transition to parenthood.
Articulating encounters between children and plastics
Authors: Kraftl Peter , Hadfield-Hill Sophie , Jarman Polly , Lynch Iseult , Menzel Alice , Till Ruth , Walker Amy 
Published: May 2022

In the context of global concerns about plastics, this paper sets out and exemplifies a research agenda for articulating children’s encounters with plastics. The paper analyses data co-produced with 11–15 year-olds through interviews, app-based research and experimental/arts-led workshops. It moves beyond scholarship in health and environmental sciences, and in environmental education research, to outline a far richer range of ways to conceptualise children’s encounters with plastics, based in children’s everyday, embodied and emotive interactions with plastics.
Increase a real wind farm productivity through optimizing wind turbines layout
Authors: Wang Zilu , Zhang Bowen , Chen Meng , Luo Zhaohui , Wang Longyan 
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a 3D wake model considering both axial and radial wind speed variations along the incoming wind direction, and the non-flat topography effect on the wind flow, is developed for the layout optimization of a real onshore wind farm. The effectiveness of two methods (i.e., the discretization method that divides the wind scenario into small intervals and the Monte Carlo method which randomly generates the discrete wind speed samples), for evaluating the overall wind farm power production under the wind speed variation of Weibull distribution is investigated for the comparative study. It is found that the Monte Carlo power evaluation method achieves a better outcome than the traditional discretization method, with more total power output and less computational cost. Through the layout optimization with a total of 15 wind turbines installed, the individual wind turbine yields more than 533 kW power out of 536 kW theoretical wake-free power. As the installed wind turbine number increases, the maximum discrepancy of the actual wind turbine power output with respect to the theoretical power increases from 3 kW (with 15 wind turbines) to 6 kW (with 20 wind turbines). Through the comparative study of different wind rotation scenarios, it is found that the maximum discrepancy of individual actual wind turbine power outputs is 8 kW and 13 kW for a rotational angle of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Under the scenario of [Formula: see text] wind rotation scenario, the maximum individual power output deficit with 20 installed wind turbines is around 20 kW and the discrepancy of the total power output by comparing to the baseline wind model is maximally 1% proving the robustness of the optimization results with respect to the wind scenario variation.
Curcumin alleviated lipopolysaccharide-evoked H9c2 cells damage via suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1/CD40/NF-κB signaling
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Xiaoli , Zhao Yan 
Published: May 2022

Background Curcumin has been reported to have many benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and so on. In this research, we aimed to investigate the function of curcumin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured H9c2 cells. Methods H9c2 cells stimulated by LPS mimic the in vitro model of myocarditis injury. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was applied to detect the genes associated with curcumin. GEO database was used to analyze Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) and CD40 expression in myocarditis patients. KEGG enrichment analysis was employed to investigate the meaningful pathways related to differentially expressed genes. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, expression of ICAM1/CD40/P65- NF-κB, and level of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were observed by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry and western blotting assays, ELISA assay, respectively. Results After curcumin treatment, the decreased activity of H9c2 cells evoked by LPS was improved. ICAM1 and CD40, which highly expressed in myocarditis patients, were identified as targets of curcumin and negatively regulated by curcumin. Inhibition of ICAM1 or CD40 strengthened the protective effect of curcumin on LPS-evoked H9c2 cells damage, accompanied by increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis and inflammation. Additionally, addition of curcumin or depletion of ICAM1/CD40 suppressed p-P65 NF-κB expression. Conclusions Curcumin mitigated LPS-evoked H9c2 cells damage by suppression of ICAM1/CD40/NF-κB, providing a potential molecular mechanism for the clinical application of curcumin.
Tanshinone IIA alleviate rifampicin-induced cholestasis by regulating the expression and function of bile salt export pump
Authors: Liu L , Yang Y , Li W , Li Y , Jiang X , Wang L 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Rifampicin (RFP) induces cholestasis due to long-term tubercular therapy. Impairment of the canalicular bile acids efflux via the bile salt export pump (BSEP) is a well-recognized cause of cholestasis. Tanshinone IIA (TAN IIA) has a protective effect on the liver. However, there are limited studies on the effects of RFP and TAN IIA on BSEP. In present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of RFP and TAN IIA on BSEP and provide evidence to support the treatment of RFP-induced cholestasis with TAN IIA. Methods: Firstly, liver histopathological examination and serum biochemical tests were evaluated in rats. Secondly, we evaluated BSEP expression by qRT-PCR and western blotting to explore whether RFP and TAN IIA influence liver function through BSEP. Thirdly, the accumulation of BSEP substrate taurocholic acid (TCA) in bile ducts was determined to investigate the effects of RFP and TAN IIA on BSEP function. Results: Apparent histopathological alterations and significantly increased serum biomarkers were observed in the RFP group (200 mg/kg), while these changes were attenuated in the combination groups. The mRNA and protein levels of BSEP were decreased by RFP. Whereas TAN IIA reversed the downward regulation of BSEP caused by RFP. And RFP primarily inhibited TCA excretion but co-administration of TAN IIA markedly induced TCA excretion mediated by BSEP. Conclusion: Our findings collectively demonstrated that RFP-induced cholestasis could be related to the inhibition of BSEP, and TAN IIA had the potential to prevent RFP-induced cholestasis by regulating BSEP.
Treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acupuncture during hospitalization: a three-arm double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial
Authors: Levy Ilana , Elimeleh Yotam , Gavrieli Sagi , Attias Samuel , Schiff Ariel , Oliven Arie , Schiff Elad 
Published: May 2022

Background: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are a healthcare burden. Acupuncture improves dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but, to the best of our knowledge, has not been tested in AECOPD. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of true acupuncture added to standard of care (SOC), as compared with both sham procedure plus SOC and SOC only, for the treatment of AECOPD among inpatients. Methods: This double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial was set in a tertiary hospital in Israel. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of AECOPD were assigned to true acupuncture with SOC, sham procedure with SOC or SOC only. The primary outcome was dyspnea improvement as measured daily by the validated modified Borg (mBorg) scale. Secondary outcomes included improvement of other patient-reported outcomes and physiologic features, as well as duration of hospitalization and treatment failure. Acupuncture-related side effects were evaluated by the validated Acup-AE questionnaire. Results: Seventy-two patients were randomized: 26 to acupuncture treatment, 24 to sham and 22 to SOC only arms. Baseline characteristics were similar in the three groups. A statistically significant difference in dyspnea intensity was found from the first day of evaluation after treatment (p = 0.014) until day 3 after treatment. Similar results were found for sputum production, but no statistical significance was found when comparing physiologic features between the three arms. Acupuncture was not associated with adverse events. Conclusion: Acupuncture seems to be efficacious in the treatment of AECOPD among inpatients hospitalized in internal medicine departments. Trial registration number: NCT03398213 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Spontaneous ethics in nurses’ willingness to work during a pandemic
Authors: Slettmyr Anna , Schandl Anna , Andermo Susanne , Arman Maria 
Published: May 2022

Background: In modern healthcare, the role of solidarity, altruism and the natural response to moral challenges in life-threatening situations is still rather unexplored. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to obtain a deeper understanding of nurses’ willingness to care for patients during crisis. Objective: To elucidate clinical expressions of ontological situational ethics through nurses’ willingness to work during a pandemic. Research design, participants and context: A qualitative study with an interpretive design was applied. Twenty nurses who worked in intensive care unit at two Swedish hospitals during the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed. The analysis was interpretative and applied a theoretical ethics perspective. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Findings: From a philosophical perspective, the nurses expressed sovereign life expressions of mercy and compassion, which arose spontaneously in response to seeing vulnerable fellow humans. They referenced ‘‘the nurse inside me’’ and their choice of profession as motives to provide care. Ontological situational ethics in culture and norms were noted in the constructs of competence, responsibility, solidarity with colleagues and organization; and interest and learning were driving forces. Ethical demand was evident when nurses expressed ideas of meaningfulness in helping their fellow humans; but themes of ambiguity, exhaustion and unwillingness were also present. Conclusions: The nurses showed a high willingness to care for patients during a crisis. Responding to the ethical demand and to care for vulnerable human beings while risking their own health and lives could be interpreted as an inter-human vocation. These spontaneous altruistic actions saved the lives of many patients during the pandemic and need to be understood and supported
Moral distress among critical care nurses: A cross-cultural comparison
Authors: Ashida Kaoru , Kawashima Tetsuharu , Kawakami Aki , Tanaka Makoto 
Published: May 2022

Background Although, moral distress presents a serious problem among critical care nurses in many countries, limited research has been conducted on it. A validated scale has been developed to evaluate moral distress and has enabled cross-cultural comparison for seeking its root causes. Research aims This study aimed to (1) clarify the current status of moral distress among nurses who worked in critical care areas in Japan, (2) compare the moral distress levels among nurses in Japan with previously reported results from the United States (US), and (3) explore the factors associated with moral distress. Research design A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants and research context We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey using the Measure of Moral Distress–Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) among critical care nurses who were randomly selected from hospitals across Japan. The mean differences between the two countries were compared using a Student's t-test with summary statistics. The factors associated with higher levels of moral distress were examined using a multiple regression analysis. Ethical considerations The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University (approval nos. M2018-214 and M2019-045). Results We obtained 955 valid responses from 94 facilities. In Japan, the items with the highest moral distress scores were those related to aggressive/inappropriate treatment. The total MMD-HP score was significantly higher in Japanese nurses compared to US nurses (122.8 ± 70.8 vs 112.3 ± 73.2). Some factors, such as leadership experience, were associated with higher moral distress. Discussion The top root causes of moral distress were similar to potentially inappropriate treatments in both countries. Conclusion This study revealed the factors associated with higher moral distress and its characteristics in each country. These results can be used for reducing moral distress in the future.
Low geriatric nutritional risk index is a risk factor for death within 1 year following hip fracture
Authors: Fujimoto Yusuke , Setoguchi Takao , Ishidou Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Noboru 
Published: May 2022

Purpose Hip fracture is common in older patients and is associated with high mortality and functional impairment. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) evaluates the risk of malnutrition-related complications, and the Barthel Index (BI) evaluates older patients’ functional status. The study aim was to determine the risk factors for both death and decreased BI within 1 year after hip fracture. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 108 patients who were treated for hip fractures in 10 public or private hospitals from February to July 2007. Participating facilities comprised eight public or private hospitals with 200–499 beds, and two private or orthopedic hospitals with 20–199 beds. We evaluated several risk factors for death and lower BI within 1 year after hip fracture. Results The mortality rate within 1 year postoperatively for patients who survived inpatient stay was 6.5% (7/108). The proportion of patients with decreased postoperative BI was 43.6% (44/101). Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that several factors, including low GNRI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.68–0.93]), were risk factors for death within 1 year. Postoperative delirium (OR: 8.84 [1.52–51.6]), postinjury dementia (OR: 34.8 [3.01–402]), preinjury BI (OR: 1.05 [1.02–1.08]), and preinjury dementia (OR: 6.22 [1.73–22.4]) were risk factors for decreased postoperative BI. Conclusions Our findings indicated that lower GNRI was a risk factor for death within 1 year of hip surgery and that delirium and dementia were among the risk factors for decreased BI 1 year after hip fracture.
Attitudes of Female Health Science Students and Recent Graduates toward the Care of the Dying in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhamees Nouf , Zaidi Uzma , Ibrahim ZiZi M. , Bakry Huny , Suaigar Shahad , Alosaimi Bashaier 
Published: May 2022

Background Positive and professional attitude of health professionals toward the palliative care issues of patients is crucial and challenging for fresh graduates. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of health science graduates about providing care for dying patients and their families. Methods In this cross-sectional study, graduates of the College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia ( n = 113) have participated. The FATCOD -B scale was used to measure the attitude of health science graduates toward the care of patients and their families on a 5-point Likert scale. Data was collected through survey research forms. Results Significant associations of graduates’ attitude toward care of the dying patient with age, department, religious beliefs, education and experience ( p = .05) were found. On the scale of caring for the dying patients’ families, religious beliefs and education ( p = .05) were significant. Furthermore, multiple linear regression confirmed the predictive relationship of religious beliefs, education, and experience (R2 = .342, F = 11.021, p = .000) with graduates’ attitudes toward patient care. In comparison, education (R2 = .068, F = 1.541, p = .183) was the predictor of participants’ attitudes towards care of the patients’ families. Conclusion There is a dire need to focus on palliative care in the formal curriculum for all the health sciences disciplines. It is highly recommended to utilize case scenarios and simulation practice skills during the academic year to prepare students before the internship year. On-job counselling sessions can be helpful to increase the positive attitude of young Health graduates while working with dying patients and their families.
Palliative Care and Neurology Needs in Patients With and Without COVID-19
Authors: Ng Melissa , Crooms Rita C. , Ankuda Claire 
Published: May 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased neurology and palliative care needs. We compare the characteristics of COVID-19 positive vs negative patients who received consultation by neurology and palliative care services during the 2020 COVID-19 surge in New York City to see how the groups differ in their consultation needs and to identify opportunities to improve care. Methods This retrospective analysis was performed within a multi-center hospital system in New York City, USA over a 2-month period (15 March to 15 May, 2020) which represented the peak of the first COVID-19 wave. Hospitalized patients who received a consultation from neurology and palliative care services were included. The patients were classified according to COVID-19 status (positive or negative based on PCR testing). Data abstracted from chart review included demographic data, details of neurology and palliative care consultations, duration of admission, ICU admission, intubation, code status, and death. Results The study included 70 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and 39 patients who tested negative for a total of 109 patients. Compared to the patients who tested negative for COVID-19, the patients who tested positive for COVID-19 were more likely to have palliative care consultation for management of goals of care (70 [100%] vs 33 [84.6%], P = .003) and less likely for management of symptoms (2 [2.9%] vs 7 [17.9%], P = .02). Conclusion The findings emphasize the need for collaboration between palliative care and neurology, which was heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a particular need for communication surrounding goals of care.