bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Nitrapyrin in Controlling Nitrification of Fall and Spring‐Applied Anhydrous Ammonia1
Authors: Hendrickson L. L. , Walsh L. M. , Keeney D. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFertilizer N applied in the fall for the next growing season is often less efficient than N applied closer to the time of plant use. Efficiency might be greatly improved by maintaining the N as NH4 through the use of the nitrification inhibitor, Nitrapyrin [2‐chloro‐6(trichloromethyl)pyridine] (NI). To evaluate this hypothesis, field trials were established during 1975 to 1977 in south central Wisconsin using 84 to 168 kg/ha N applied as anhydrous ammonia with and without 0.55 kg/ha NI. Nitrogen was applied in early or late fall, or just prior to planting corn (Zea mays L.). The soil sampling data showed that NI provided excellent control of nitrification on the site from which yields were obtained. By early May more than 50% of the fall‐applied NH3 was still in the NH4 form when treated with NI, while more than 80% was nitrified in the untreated bands. Despite the rapid nitrification of untreated NH4 at this site, little inorganic N was apparently lost from the rooting zone. Therefore no yield or N uptake response by the crop to NI was obtained. Nitrapyrin was much less effective in controling nitrification on a poorly‐drained site adjacent to the yield trials. Soil at this site also had higher pH and organic matter, and we found large inorganic N deficits in the sampled zone. These deficits, which can likely be attributed to denitrification, were significantly reduced by NI treatment.
Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation in Tobacco Plants as Affected by Nitrate Concentration, Root Temperature, and Aerial Temperature1
Authors: Osmond Deanna L. , Raper C. David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEarly spring is a period of widely fluctuating gradients between aerial and soil temperatures. Aerial temperatures affect growth and N demand of seedlings while temperature and N availability in the root zone alter the ability of roots to supply the plant with N. The purpose of this study, in which tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants were grown in a temperature controlled, flowing nutrient solution system within a controlled‐environment room, was to determine the independent effects of aerial temperature, root‐zone temperature, and NO3‐ concentration of nutrient solution and their interactions on growth and N accumulation. In each of nine experiments consisting of all combinations of day/night aerial temperatures of 22/18, 26/22, and 30/26 C and solution NO3‐ concentrations of 3.5, 7.2, and 14.6 mM, plants were grown for 38 days at root‐zone temperatures of 16, 24, and 32 C. For analysis of variance the study was considered as a 33 factorial. Plants were sampled at 14, 19, 24, 31, and 38 days, dried, weighed, and analyzed for total N and soluble carbohydrates.Root‐zone temperatures had greater effects on growth than either aerial temperature or NO3‐ concentration. Plant dry weight, leaf area, and stem height were less at 16 C than 24 and 32 C root temperatures. The reduction in growth at 16 C apparently was attributable to initial water stress and reduced loading of N from the root into the vascular system. Reductions in dry matter and N accumulation of plants associated with reductions in root temperature were enhanced as aerial temperature was increased and solution NO3‐ concentration was decreased. This suggests an interrelated and synergistic effect of the variables.
Effect of Wheat Residue Management on Continuous Production of Irrigated Winter Wheat1
Authors: Undersander D. J. , Reiger Cecil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhere furrow irrigation is practiced, the residue from the previous crop must be removed from the soil surface to prevent furrow blockage, resulting in disuniform irrigation. High energy and labor costs have caused some producers to consider burning the residue rather than incorporating it. Thus, a 14‐year study was conducted on a clay loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Torrertic Paleustall) in north Texas to test the long‐term effects of straw management on land cropped continuously to irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The study included three management treatments: i) residue incorporated into the soil, ii) residue mechanically removed, and iii) residue burned. All other management practices were identical. All treatments caused the soil organic matter in the top 15 cm to increase from 1.29 2 years after being broken from native sod to 2.11% during the study. Incorporation of wheat residue did not increase soil organic matter to a greater extent than burning or removing wheat residue. Soil water infiltration was not affected by burning. While grain yield showed considerable variation among years, there were no differences in yield attributable to burning or incorporation of wheat residue.
Nitrogen Partitioning and Redistribution in Nonnodulating Peanut Related to Nitrogen Stress1
Authors: Selamat A. , Gardner F. P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNitrogen is essential for vegetative and reproductive growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), and hypothetically plants may become stressed for N especially during fruiting despite effective N2fixation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of N stress during specific fruiting phenophases on N partitioning and fruit growth. Reproductive growth was competitive with vegetative parts in peanut during periods of N stress. In a glasshouse study in 1982, N was completely withdrawn from nonnodulating (M4‐2) plants in pots containing silica sand supplied with nutrient solution. The duration of N removal from the medium was more critical than the specific fruiting phenophase in affecting root growth, pod yield, and N redistribution. Nitrogen was redistributed from vegetative parts to pods in the long N stress periods (> 81 days), whereas there was no detectable N redistribution in the control plants or those subjected to short N stress periods. The calculated N distribution index (NDI) showed that pods competed with vegetative parts for N, if the N stress period was long, but competition was not evident during shortstress periods (<30 days). The magnitude of redistribution (NDI) to seeds relative to source was leaves > stems > roots (in that order), the latter resisting redistribution except in stress periods of long duration
Effects of Crop and Weed Management on Density and Vertical Distribution of Weed Seeds in Soil
Authors: Hoffman Melinda L. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Buhler Douglas D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCultural practices used for crop management can influence numbers of weed seeds in the soil seed bank. This paper reports results of field experiments conducted for 6 yr to examine changes in weed seed numbers due to management practices. We evaluated the effect of tillage, herbicide application, and interrow cultivation on weed seed numbers in a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]/corn (Zea mays L.) rotation and in continuous corn. Treatment effects on weed seed numbers were more repetitive in soybean/corn than continuous corn. Foxtails (Setaria spp.) were the weed class most affected by treatments. Weed seeds were uniformly distributed among sampling depths in conventional tillage and concentrated near the soil surface in reduced tillage and no‐tillage. We expected weed seeds to become more numerous in the top 5 cm of soil as tillage was reduced. Tillage, as a main effect, rarely influenced weed seed numbers; therefore, we inferred that weed seed losses at the surface must have increased in reduced‐tillage plots. Seed numbers were uniform among soil depths if herbicides were broadcast, but differed if herbicides were banded or omitted, due to increased seed deposition at the surface. Tillage affected vertical distribution of seeds, while the quantity of weed seeds in the top 5 cm of soil was regulated by weed control practices. This indicates that reducing weed seed deposition could be helpful for maintaining weed seeds in reduced‐tillage systems at numbers similar to those of intensively tilled systems.
LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT VOLODYMYR ZELENSKYYʼS POLITICAL RHETORIC: STRATEGIES & TACTICS
Authors: Trebin Mykhailo , Chernyshova Taisya 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study is to characterize the discursive strategies and tactics of the Ukraineʼs President V. Zelenskyy. V. Zelenskyyʼs political discourse is mainly determined by the strategy for increase and the strategy of theatricality. The strategy for increase is used to create a positive mental space around oneself and oneʼs political force, so it is implemented through the tactics of analysis-“plus”, which involves analyzing the political situation without explicit approval of oneʼs contribution, with gratitude to ordinary citizens. The strategy of theatricality is realized through the tactics of cooperation, which explains the intention to identify with the people. Techniques here are the use of vocatives-ethnonyms and the inclusive pronoun “we”, which participate in the construction of “we-discourse” and “the communitization of responsibility”; reduced everyday communication in the format of storytelling; translingual speech practice. The tactics of irony is manifested in the use of irony against political opponents in order to self-position and create a “manipulative discourse of the positive”. V. Zelenskyyʼs presidential discourse is a complex speech formation, the characteristic features of which are: the format of reduced everyday communication in addressing the Ukrainian people; intention to show solidarity with the people in solving common problems; representation of the values of the youth linguistic community; dissemination of public messages through social networks; actualization in speech of physiological and social needs of people; performative function of irony.
Novel PSEN1 (P284S) Mutation Causes Alzheimer's Disease with Cerebellar
Amyloid β-Protein Deposition
Authors: Xia Mingrong , Gao Chenhao , Wang Huayuan , Shang Junkui , Liu Ruijie , You Yang , Zang Weizhou , Zhang Jiewen 
Published: July 2022

Background/Objective:
AD-associated PSEN1 mutations exhibit high clinical heterogeneity. The discovery of these mutations and the analysis of their associations with cases such as EOAD should be critical to understand the pathogenesis of AD.

Methods:
We performed clinical analysis, neuroimaging, target region capture and high-throughput sequencing, and Sanger sequencing in a family of 3 generations. The underlying Alzheimer’s pathology was evaluated by using biomarker evidence obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid testing and 18F-florbetapir (AV-45) PET imaging.

Results:
Target region capture sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous C to T missense point mutation at the base position 284 (c.850 C＞T,) located in exon 8 of the PSEN1 gene, resulting in a Proline-to-Serine substitution (P284S) at codon position 850. The mutation was also identified by Sanger sequencing in 2 family members including proband and her daughter and was absent in the other 4 unaffected family members and 50 control subjects. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid test exhibited biomarker evidence of underlying Alzheimer’s pathology. 18F-florbetapir (AV-45) PET imaging indicated extensive cerebral cortex and cerebellar Aβ deposition.

Conclusions:
We discovered a novel PSEN1 pathogenic mutation P284S, which was observed for the first time in a Chinese family with early-onset AD.
Analisis Preferensi Konsumen dan Strategi Pengembangan Atribut Produk Beras di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Pratiwi Liana Fatma Leslie , Rosyid Ali Hasyim Al 
Published: July 2022

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik konsumen, menganalisis preferensi konsumen dan menganalisis strategi pengembangan atribut produk beras pada masa pandemi covid 19 di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode dasar yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis. Pengambilan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara <em>purposive sampling</em> dengan memilih Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta karena merupakan daerah sentra pertanian dan kota dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi setiap tahunnya. Responden penelitian ini sebanyak 60 orang diambil dengan teknik <em>voluntary sampling</em> serta penentuan responden dalam penelitian ini ditentukan secara <em>quota sampling</em>. Metode analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik konsumen yaitu analisis deskriptif, menganalisis preferensi konsumen yaitu multiatribut fishbein, dan menganalisis strategi pengembangan atribut produk menggunakan matriks <em>Important Performance Analysis</em> (IPA). Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik konsumen beras yang menjadi responden yaitu mayoritas berusia 26-35 tahun, berprofesi sebagai pegawai negeri sipil, berpendidikan sarjana, dan memiliki pendapatan rumah tangga berkisar antara Rp.2.500.000 – Rp.5.000.000, preferensi konsumen terhadap produk beras kemasan yaitu dilihat dari atribut kepulenan, kebersihan, daya tahan, harga , dan kemudahan mendapatkan, dan strategi pengembangan atribut produk beras yaitu dengan tetap mempertahankan kinerja dengan mempertahankan atribut kepulenan, warna, kebersihan, daya tahan, harga, dan kemudahan mendapatkan/ akses.</p>
A Web-Based Stress Management Intervention for University Students in Indonesia (Rileks): Feasibility Study Using a Pretest-Posttest Design
Authors: Juniar Dilfa , van Ballegooijen Wouter , Schulte Mieke , van Schaik Anneke , Passchier Jan , Heber Elena , Lehr Dirk , Sadarjoen Sawitri Supardi , Riper Heleen 
Published: July 2022

Background
University students are susceptible to excessive stress. A web-based stress management intervention holds promise to improve stress but is still at a novel stage in Indonesia.

Objective
The aim of this paper was to report the feasibility of the intervention we developed—Rileks—among university students in Indonesia in terms of acceptability and usability, and to propose recommendations for future improvements.

Methods
A single-group pretest and posttest design was used. Participants with scores of 15 or higher on the stress subscale of the 42-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were given access to the intervention (N=68). The main outcome measures were the 8-item Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) score, the System Usability Scale (SUS) score, and intervention uptake. Participants’ experience in each session was evaluated using closed- and open-ended questions for future improvements. Descriptive statistics were used to examine primary outcome and qualitative session evaluations. Participants’ responses to each topic of the open questions were summarized.

Results
The intervention was evaluated as being satisfactory (CSQ-8 mean score 21.89, SD 8.72; range 8-32). However, the intervention’s usability was still below expectation (SUS mean score 62.8, SD 14.74; range 0-100). The core modules were completed by 10 out of 68 participants (15%), and the study dropout rate was 63% (43/68) at postassessment. In general, the module content was rated positively, with some notes for improvement covering content and technical aspects.

Conclusions
This study indicates that Rileks is potentially feasible for Indonesian university students. In order to be optimally applied in such a context and before scaling up web-based interventions in Indonesia, in general, further development and refinement are needed.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/11493
The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care and Social Services in Australia: Findings From a Methodologically Innovative National Survey of Values and Attitudes (the AVA-AI Study)
Authors: Isbanner Sebastian , O’Shaughnessy Pauline , Steel David , Wilcock Scarlet , Carter Stacy 
Published: July 2022

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) for use in health care and social services is rapidly developing, but this has significant ethical, legal, and social implications. Theoretical and conceptual research in AI ethics needs to be complemented with empirical research to understand the values and judgments of members of the public, who will be the ultimate recipients of AI-enabled services.

Objective
The aim of the Australian Values and Attitudes on AI (AVA-AI) study was to assess and compare Australians’ general and particular judgments regarding the use of AI, compare Australians’ judgments regarding different health care and social service applications of AI, and determine the attributes of health care and social service AI systems that Australians consider most important.

Methods
We conducted a survey of the Australian population using an innovative sampling and weighting methodology involving 2 sample components: one from an omnibus survey using a sample selected using scientific probability sampling methods and one from a nonprobability-sampled web-based panel. The web-based panel sample was calibrated to the omnibus survey sample using behavioral, lifestyle, and sociodemographic variables. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed.

Results
We included weighted responses from 1950 Australians in the web-based panel along with a further 2498 responses from the omnibus survey for a subset of questions. Both weighted samples were sociodemographically well spread. An estimated 60% of Australians support the development of AI in general but, in specific health care scenarios, this diminishes to between 27% and 43% and, for social service scenarios, between 31% and 39%. Although all ethical and social dimensions of AI presented were rated as important, accuracy was consistently the most important and reducing costs the least important. Speed was also consistently lower in importance. In total, 4 in 5 Australians valued continued human contact and discretion in service provision more than any speed, accuracy, or convenience that AI systems might provide.

Conclusions
The ethical and social dimensions of AI systems matter to Australians. Most think AI systems should augment rather than replace humans in the provision of both health care and social services. Although expressing broad support for AI, people made finely tuned judgments about the acceptability of particular AI applications with different potential benefits and downsides. Further qualitative research is needed to understand the reasons underpinning these judgments. The participation of ethicists, social scientists, and the public can help guide AI development and implementation, particularly in sensitive and value-laden domains such as health care and social services.
Enabling Early Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis With Machine Learning: Systematic Review
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Daniela , Amorim Pedro , Silva Martins Tiago , Monteiro-Soares Matilde , Pereira Rodrigues Pedro 
Published: July 2022

Background
American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines suggest that clinical prediction algorithms can be used to screen patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) without replacing polysomnography, the gold standard.

Objective
We aimed to identify, gather, and analyze existing machine learning approaches that are being used for disease screening in adult patients with suspected OSA.

Methods
We searched the MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases to evaluate the validity of different machine learning techniques, with polysomnography as the gold standard outcome measure and used the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd) to assess risk of bias and applicability of each included study.

Results
Our search retrieved 5479 articles, of which 63 (1.15%) articles were included. We found 23 studies performing diagnostic model development alone, 26 with added internal validation, and 14 applying the clinical prediction algorithm to an independent sample (although not all reporting the most common discrimination metrics, sensitivity or specificity). Logistic regression was applied in 35 studies, linear regression in 16, support vector machine in 9, neural networks in 8, decision trees in 6, and Bayesian networks in 4. Random forest, discriminant analysis, classification and regression tree, and nomogram were each performed in 2 studies, whereas Pearson correlation, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, artificial immune recognition system, genetic algorithm, supersparse linear integer models, and k-nearest neighbors algorithm were each performed in 1 study. The best area under the receiver operating curve was 0.98 (0.96-0.99) for age, waist circumference, Epworth Somnolence Scale score, and oxygen saturation as predictors in a logistic regression.

Conclusions
Although high values were obtained, they still lacked external validation results in large cohorts and a standard OSA criteria definition.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42021221339; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=221339
Encouraging Mental Health Care in Family Medicine Residents
Authors: Wilson Anneke Nair , Dow Emily , Hanami Dylan , Vasa Monisha , Billimek John 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Residency training is associated with stress and burnout that can contribute to poor mental health. However, residents are less likely to utilize mental health services due to perceived barriers such as lack of time and concerns about confidentiality, among others.1 There is a need to promote help-seeking behavior and improve access to mental health services during residency training.
Methods: In order to decrease barriers to seeking mental health care and promote well-being among residents, the University of California Irvine Family Medicine Residency Program (UCI FMRP) implemented a program that included confidential, regular, mental health check-ins between residents and a psychiatrist. We gathered data on help-seeking behavior from an internally conducted electronic survey of 29 residents regarding perceived barriers to seeking mental health care in June, 2020.
Results: The internal survey results from 24 respondents out of 29 residents demonstrated that the program supported help-seeking behavior among the residents, with 33% of the residents requesting additional sessions with the psychiatrist and another 13% seeking external mental health resources.
Conclusion: Providing additional, confidential, on-site support may be one method of decreasing stigma, increasing access to care, and normalizing conversations around mental health in residency.
PERAN PERANCANGAN DALAM MEMPERJUANGKAN RIGHT TO THE CITY: STUDI KASUS BOGOTA
Authors: Prabaswara Zufar Azka , Hutagaol Nava Ivana Cindy , Viryani Dian Okta , Ekomadyo Agus Suharjono , Susanto Vanessa 
Published: July 2022

Seiring bertambahnya populasi perkotaan, timbul isu ketidakkesetaraan kesempatan berpartisipasi dan mendapatkan keuntungan dari perkembangan kota, yang menyebabkan kota tersegregasi berdasarkan status sosial ekonom masyarakati. Fenomena ini mendorong Henri Lefebvre, mengungkapkan konsep “right to the city”, dimana seluruh masyarakat pada dasarnya berhak atas ruang kota. Bogota, adalah salah satu kota yang dianggap sukses memperjuangkan right to the city lewat gerakan “Bogota Change”. Dalam gerakan ini, terdapat sebuah rencana besar Plan Centro, dimana pemerintah berupaya memperbaiki kondisi pusat kota yang terdegradasi dengan membangun ruang publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana Bogota memperjuangkan right to the city melalui tiga proyek ruang publik yang merupakan bagian dari Plan Centro, yakni Jimenez Quesada Avenue, Taman Tercer Milenio, dan Plaza San Victorino. Ketiga ruang publik tersebut berdampak besar dalam perwujudan kesetaraan sosio-spasial di Kota Bogota melalui upaya pencapaian 6 dari 22 Norma Hak Asasi Manusia terkait Hak Spasial. Pada hasil temuan, terlihat berbagai strategi seperti peningkatan pengawasan, menciptakan ruang hijau, penyediaan transportasi umum dan fasilitas rekreasi, serta menyediakan ruang untuk pembangunan ekonomi sebagai pemenuhan terhadap norma-norma hak asasi manusia atas ruang. Hasil temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam merancang kota dalam menjunjung hak spasial bagi rakyat.