bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ConvMOS: climate model output statistics with deep learning
Authors: Steininger Michael , Abel Daniel , Ziegler Katrin , Krause Anna , Paeth Heiko , Hotho Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate models are the tool of choice for scientists researching climate change. Like all models they suffer from errors, particularly systematic and location-specific representation errors. One way to reduce these errors is model output statistics (MOS) where the model output is fitted to observational data with machine learning. In this work, we assess the use of convolutional Deep Learning climate MOS approaches and present the ConvMOS architecture which is specifically designed based on the observation that there are systematic and location-specific errors in the precipitation estimates of climate models. We apply ConvMOS models to the simulated precipitation of the regional climate model REMO, showing that a combination of per-location model parameters for reducing location-specific errors and global model parameters for reducing systematic errors is indeed beneficial for MOS performance. We find that ConvMOS models can reduce errors considerably and perform significantly better than three commonly used MOS approaches and plain ResNet and U-Net models in most cases. Our results show that non-linear MOS models underestimate the number of extreme precipitation events, which we alleviate by training models specialized towards extreme precipitation events with the imbalanced regression method DenseLoss. While we consider climate MOS, we argue that aspects of ConvMOS may also be beneficial in other domains with geospatial data, such as air pollution modeling or weather forecasts.
Evaluation of Mass Spectrometric Methods for Screening Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Particulate Phase of Wildfire/Biomass Smoke
Authors: Benefield Virginia L. , Perna Shruthi , Pham Steven , Chong Ngee Sing , Li Zhuangjie , Zhang Mengliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of compounds containing multiple aromatic rings formed during incomplete combustion. Since many of them are known mutagens and carcinogens, PAHs found in the particulate matter (PM) from the wildfire smoke may pose significant health risks to the wildland firefighters. It is pivotal to determine the levels of PAHs in the PM to evaluate the health effects of their inhalation exposure. However, the determination of PAHs using the conventional chromatographic approaches is often time-consuming and laborious. Herein, we describe a novel method for screening nonpolar and polar PAHs in the PM of smoke by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected on the quartz filters with a sampling system consisting of a cascade impactor with a portable sampling pump. Various indoor and outdoor experiments from biomass burns were conducted to evaluate the PM sampling systems. PAHs were analyzed by DART-MS and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods. The PM samples were collected in California during the wildfire season of fall 2020, and significant levels of multiple nonpolar PAHs and polar PAHs were detected. Overall, the DART-MS method has shown promising ability for high-throughput screening of PAHs in the PM of smoke. Further studies are currently under way to apply this method to study the particulate phase PAH exposures of wildland firefighters during their firefighting activities.
Too much information: exploring technology-mediated abuse in higher education online learning and teaching spaces resulting from COVID-19 and emergency remote education
Authors: Bovill Helen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During COVID-19, universities across the globe experienced a rapid requirement to move to online learning and teaching provision. This rapid move has been explored as emergency remote education (ERE). This paper reviews and presents some emerging literature regarding ERE, demonstrating how this created an environment where technology-mediated abuse could arise within the university context. Intentional and unintentional forms of technology-mediated abuse, within a global context, are considered with account of how intersectional characteristics can impact. The paper concludes with a set of provocations explored within an example framework. The provocations are given to situate ways of thinking which are facilitative of safer and more respectful use of technological spaces. Both the provocations and example framework aim to be useful critical tools for program and module teams to adapt in higher education institutions within the online sphere. The phenomenon of ERE is an opportunity to consider what can be learned with regard to management of technology-mediated abuse. However, a focus on ERE presents limitations in the paper because of the smaller number of academic sources at this time, due to recency of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Taxonomic investigation of the zooplanktivorous Lake Malawi cichlids Copadichromis mloto (Iles) and C. virginalis (Iles)
Authors: Turner G. F. , Crampton D. A. , Rusuwa B. , Hooft van Huysduynen A. , Svardal H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe taxonomic status of the zooplanktivorous cichlids Copadichromis mloto and C. virginalis has been confused since their original descriptions by lles in 1960. Whilst two forms of C. virginalis, ‘Kaduna’ and ‘Kajose’, were distinguished in the type material, C. mloto has not been positively identified since its original description. Here we re-examined the types as well as 54 recently collected specimens from multiple sampling locations. Genome sequencing of 51 recent specimens revealed two closely related but reciprocally monophyletic clades. Geometric morphological analysis indicated that one clade morphologically encompasses the type specimens of C. virginalis identified by Iles as the Kaduna form, including the holotype, whilst the other clade encompasses not only the paratypes identified as the Kajose form, but also the type series of C. mloto. Given that all three forms in Iles’s type series are from the same locality, that there are no meristic or character states to differentiate them and that there are no records of adult male C. mloto in breeding colours, we conclude that the Kajose form previously identified as C. virginalis represents relatively deeper bodied sexually active or maturing individuals of C. mloto.
Export of dietary lipids via emergent insects from eutrophic fishponds
Authors: Fehlinger Lena , Mathieu-Resuge Margaux , Pilecky Matthias , Parmar Tarn Preet , Twining Cornelia W. , Martin-Creuzburg Dominik , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFishponds, despite being globally abundant, have mainly been considered as food production sites and have received little scientific attention in terms of their ecological contributions to the surrounding terrestrial environment. Emergent insects from fishponds may be important contributors of lipids and essential fatty acids to terrestrial ecosystems. In this field study, we investigated nine eutrophic fishponds in Austria from June to September 2020 to examine how Chlorophyll-a concentrations affect the biomass of emergent insect taxa (i.e., quantity of dietary subsidies; n = 108) and their total lipid and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content (LC-PUFA, i.e., quality of dietary subsidies; n = 94). Chironomidae and Chaoboridae were the most abundant emergent insect taxa, followed by Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Odonata. A total of 1068 kg of emergent insect dry mass were exported from these ponds (65.3 hectares). Chironomidae alone exported 103 kg of total lipids and 9.4 kg of omega-3 PUFA. Increasing Chl-a concentrations were associated with decreasing biomass export and a decrease in total lipid and LC-PUFA export via emergent Chironomidae. The PUFA composition of emergent insect taxa differed significantly from dietary algae, suggesting selective PUFA retention by insects. The export of insect biomass from these eutrophic carp ponds was higher than that previously reported from oligotrophic lakes. However, lower biomass and diversity are exported from the fishponds compared to managed ponds. Nonetheless, our data suggest that fishponds provide crucial ecosystem services to terrestrial consumers by contributing essential dietary nutrients to consumer diets via emergent insects.
Reciprocal Relations Between Conflicted Student-teacher Relationship and Children’s Behavior Problems: Within-person Analyses from Norway and the USA
Authors: Husby Silje Merethe , Skalická Věra , Li Zhi , Belsky Jay , Wichstrøm Lars 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests that conflicted student-teacher relationships may increase behavior problems in children and vice-versa, but this may be due to confounding. We therefore analyzed their relation applying a within-person approach that adjusts for all time-invariant confounding effects, involving samples from Norway (n = 964, 50.9% females) and the USA (n = 1,150, 48.3% females) followed from age 4–12 years with similar measures. Increased parent-reported behavior problems forecasted increased student-teacher conflict to a similar extent in both countries(β = 0.07,p = .010), whereas teacher-reported behavior problems predicted increased student-teacher conflict more strongly in Norway (β = 0.14,p = .001) than in the US (β = 0.08,p = .050). Increased teacher-child conflict also predicted increased parent-reported(β = 0.07,p = .010), but not teacher-reported, behavior problems in both countries. Findings underscore the reciprocal relation between behavior problems and a conflictual student-teacher relationship.
Loneliness in Myanmar’s older population: A mixed-methods investigation
Authors: Akhter-Khan Samia C. , Wai Khin Myo , Drewelies Johanna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about loneliness in lower- and middle-income countries. This study investigates loneliness in the older population of Myanmar using a mixed-methods approach.MethodsTo identify predictors of loneliness, hierarchical regression models were used to analyze data from the Myanmar Aging Survey 2012 (N = 3,618, 57% women). In a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were integrated with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with older adults in Myanmar in 2019.ResultsThe prevalence of loneliness varied by between-person characteristics. Health impairments, lower income, being widowed, not having children, and living with fewer household members were each associated with loneliness. Qualitative findings suggested that the physical presence of family members was especially protective against loneliness. Religion had mixed associations with loneliness, depending on the type of religious practice, demographic characteristics, health status, and community engagement.DiscussionThe findings contribute to a better understanding of individuals’ experiences of loneliness and may inform the design of interventions to prevent loneliness in Myanmar and globally.
Graphene oxide incorporated cellulose acetate beads for efficient removal of methylene blue dye; isotherms, kinetic, mechanism and co-existing ions studies
Authors: Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , Abd El-Monaem Eman M. , El-Subruiti Gehan M. , Ali Bassma M. , Abd El-Latif Mona M. , Omer Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, new porous adsorbent beads were formulatedviathe incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) into cellulose acetate beads (CA) for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The experimental results signified that the adsorption of MB dye increased with the increase in the GO ratio from 10 to 25%. In addition, the adsorption process obeyed PSO kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity reaching 369.85 mg/g. More importantly, it was proposed that the adsorption mechanism of MB dye onto GO@CA proceeded via electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, van der Waals forces, n-π and π -π interactions. Besides, the fabricated beads exhibited an excellent ability to recycle and reuse after five successive cycles. In addition, there was a high selectivity of GO@CA beads towards MB molecules in the presence of co-existing cations such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Ni2+.
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Change Efforts for Young People in New Zealand: Demographics, Types of Suggesters, and Associations with Mental Health
Authors: Fenaughty John , Tan Kyle , Ker Alex , Veale Jaimie , Saxton Peter , Alansari Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSexual orientation and gender identity change efforts (SOGICE) are harmful practices, yet who suggests them to young people and what impacts are associated with these suggestions have received limited attention in the literature. The present study explored whether certain suggesters, and the frequency of categories of suggesters (including religious leaders, family members, and health professionals), were associated with suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The study also explored whether particular demographics of young people were more likely to report SOGICE experiences. Data were collected through an online survey of New Zealand gender- and sexuality-diverse youth. The sample (n = 3948) had an age range of 14–26 (mean age = 18.96), and approximately half (52.4%) were transgender or gender-diverse. Odds of suicidality and NSSI were highest when religious leaders suggested SOGICE and when more than one type of suggester was reported. SOGICE was more likely to be reported by transgender and gender-diverse youth, statutory care- and homelessness-experienced youth, and young people reporting current material deprivation. Implications for targeted mental health services and education for young people and the community are discussed.
Repurposing FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors of therapy-induced invadopodia activity in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Jones Dylan , Whitehead Clarissa A. , Dinevska Marija , Widodo Samuel S. , Furst Liam M. , Morokoff Andrew P. , Kaye Andrew H. , Drummond Katharine J. , Mantamadiotis Theo , Stylli Stanley S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary central nervous system tumour in adults. The lethality of GBM lies in its highly invasive, infiltrative, and neurologically destructive nature resulting in treatment failure, tumour recurrence and death. Even with current standard of care treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surviving tumour cells invade throughout the brain. We have previously shown that this invasive phenotype is facilitated by actin-rich, membrane-based structures known as invadopodia. The formation and matrix degrading activity of invadopodia is enhanced in GBM cells that survive treatment. Drug repurposing provides a means of identifying new therapeutic applications for existing drugs without the need for discovery or development and the associated time for clinical implementation. We investigate several FDA-approved agents for their ability to act as both cytotoxic agents in reducing cell viability and as ‘anti-invadopodia’ agents in GBM cell lines. Based on their cytotoxicity profile, three agents were selected, bortezomib, everolimus and fludarabine, to test their effect on GBM cell invasion. All three drugs reduced radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity, in addition to reducing GBM cell viability. These drugs demonstrate efficacious properties warranting further investigation with the potential to be implemented as part of the treatment regime for GBM.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated AtGATA25 mutant represents a novel model for regulating hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kim Kihwan , Shin Juhyung , Kang Tae-An , Kim Byeonggyu , Kim Won-Chan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Plants have evolved to adapt to the ever-changing environments through various morphological changes. An organism anticipates and responds to changes in its environment via the circadian clock, an endogenous oscillator lasting approximately 24 h. The circadian clock regulates various physiological processes, such as hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochrome interacting factor 4 (PIF4), a member of the bHLH protein family, plays a vital hub role in light signaling pathways and temperature-mediated growth response mechanisms. PIF4 is controlled by the circadian clock and interacts with several factors. However, the components that regulate PIF4 transcription and activity are not clearly understood.

Methods and Results
Here, we showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana GATA25 (AtGATA25) transcription factor plays a fundamental role in promoting hypocotyl elongation by positively regulating the expression of PIF4. This was confirmed to in the loss-of-function mutant of AtGATA25 via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, which inhibits hypocotyl elongation and decreases the expression of PIF4. In contrast, the overexpression of AtGATA25 in transgenic plants resulted in increased expression of PIF4 and enhanced hypocotyl elongation. To better understand AtGATA25-mediated PIF4 transcriptional regulation, we analyzed the promoter region of the target gene PIF4 and characterized the role of GATA25 through transcriptional activation analysis.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest a novel role of the AtGATA25 transcription factor in hypocotyl elongation.
Drift-implicit Euler scheme for sandwiched processes driven by Hölder noises
Authors: Di Nunno Giulia , Mishura Yuliya , Yurchenko-Tytarenko Anton 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the drift-implicit (or backward) Euler numerical scheme for a class of stochastic differential equations with unbounded drift driven by an arbitrary λ-Hölder continuous process, λ ∈ (0,1). We prove that, under some mild moment assumptions on the Hölder constant of the noise, the $L^{r}({\Omega };L^{\infty }([0,T]))$

L

r

(
Ω
;

L

∞

(
[
0
,
T
]
)
)
-approximation error converges to 0 as O(Δλ), Δ → 0. To exemplify, we consider numerical schemes for the generalized Cox–Ingersoll–Ross and Tsallis–Stariolo–Borland models. The results are illustrated by simulations.
Delayed Gastric Emptying After Sleeve Gastrectomy Is Associated with Poor Weight Loss
Authors: Wickremasinghe Anagi Chethana , Johari Yazmin , Laurie Cheryl , Shaw Kalai , Playfair Julie , Beech Paul , Yue Helen , Becroft Louise , Hebbard Geoffrey , Yap Kenneth S. , Brown Wendy , Burton Paul 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Intermediate to long-term weight regain is a major challenge following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Physiological changes that mediate the extent of weight loss remain unclear. We aimed to determine if there were specific esophago-gastric transit and emptying alterations associated with weight regain.

Material and Methods
Participants greater than 12 months post-SG were categorized into optimal (n = 29) and poor weight loss (PWL) (n = 72). All patients underwent a liquid contrast barium swallow demonstrating normal post-surgical anatomy and a protocolized nuclear scintigraphy designed specifically to characterize gastric emptying following SG.

Results
The %total weight loss in the optimal group was 26.2 ± 10.5 vs. 14.3 ± 8.8% in the PWL group (p = 0.001). Scintigraphy showed PWL had relatively increased gastric emptying half-time (GE 1/2t) 35 (IQR 23) min vs 19 (IQR 5.5) min (p = 0.001). The multivariate regressions delineated GE 1/2t as the best diagnostic measure for PWL (OR 1.16; CI 1.04–1.29, p-value 0.021). The probability of PWL increased by 16% for every 1-min increase above 21 min of GE 1/2t. A threshold of 21 min was found to have 88% sensitivity and 69% specificity predicting poor weight loss.

Conclusion
Gastric emptying half-times greater than 21 min appear to reliably correlate with poor weight loss following SG. Additionally, further elevations above 21 min in emptying half-time increase the risk of poor weight loss. We have shown nuclear scintigraphy represents a simple and accurate diagnostic tool in patients who experience poor weight loss after SG, provided substantially altered reporting references in interpreting nuclear scintigraphy are applied.

Graphical abstract
Peptide Tyrosine-Tyrosine Triggers GLP-2-Mediated Intestinal Hypertrophy After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Pérez-Arana Gonzalo-Martín , Díaz-Gómez Alfredo , Camacho-Ramírez Alonso , Ribelles-García Antonio , Almorza-Gomar David , Gracia-Romero Manuel , Prada-Oliveira José-Arturo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Intestinal remodeling and adaptation of the alimentary limb after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) play an important role in the pathophysiological events that lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improvement. Intestinal absorptive loop hypertrophy and growth following surgery have been related to GLP-2 secretion by ileal L-cells. The secretion of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) enterohormone after a meal has been proposed as a trigger for ileal secretion of GLP-1. Our aim is to determine the role of PYY as a GLP-2 secretion modulator as an adaptation result in the alimentary limb after RYGB.

Method
We used a non-obese euglycemic rodent model. Circulating glucose, insulin, PYY, and GLP-2 were measured in the experimental and control groups. We used four groups: fasting control, Sham-operated, RYGB-operated (RYGB), and RYGB-operated and treated with BIIE0246 (RYGB + BII). BIIE0246 is a NPY2 receptor antagonist in L-cells. Intestinal glucose transporters and GLP-1 and PYY gut expression and hypertrophy were analyzed after 12 weeks of surgery.

Results
RYGB increased PYY3-36 plasma levels in rats with or without BII treatment. A high-insulin response was observed in the RYGB group but not in the control or RYGB + BII groups. BIIE0246 treatment limited plasma GLP-2 levels. In the alimentary intestinal limb, hypertrophy and SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression appeared to be reduced after RYGB compared to controls.

Conclusion
The postprandial ileal PYY secretion is enhanced after RYGB. This increase mediates GLP-2 release through its binding to the Y2 receptor on L-cells. This mechanism plays a role in alimentary limb hypertrophy after surgery.

Graphical abstract
The stochastic primitive equations with transport noise and turbulent pressure
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Hieber Matthias , Hussein Amru , Saal Martin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider the stochastic primitive equation for geophysical flows subject to transport noise and turbulent pressure. Admitting very rough noise terms, the global existence and uniqueness of solutions to this stochastic partial differential equation are proven using stochastic maximal $$L^2$$

L
2

-regularity, the theory of critical spaces for stochastic evolution equations, and global a priori bounds. Compared to other results in this direction, we do not need any smallness assumption on the transport noise which acts directly on the velocity field and we also allow rougher noise terms. The adaptation to Stratonovich type noise and, more generally, to variable viscosity and/or conductivity are discussed as well.