bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of C3 Photosynthetic Responses to Light and CO2 Predicted by the Leaf Photosynthesis Models of Farquhar et al. (1980) and Goudriaan et al. (1985)
Authors: van Diepen K. H. H. , Goudriaan J. , Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano J. , de Boer H. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe leaf photosynthesis models developed by Farquhar et al. (1980, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386231) (FvCB) and Goudriaan et al. (1985, https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐1‐4899‐3665‐3_10) (G85) are both used in Earth system and weather models to quantify ecosystem carbon assimilation. Despite their common role, a systematic comparison between these two photosynthesis models is currently lacking in scientific literature. In this technical report we compared the two models in a systematic way. Hereto we performed a comparative analysis of the model structures as well as the modeled responses of photosynthesis to light and CO2 at leaf level. To facilitate future model comparison, we also constructed a lookup table that presents FvCB model parameters fitted to CO2‐response curves from G85 in a wide natural range in photosynthetic capacity at standardized temperature. The structure of the FvCB model differs fundamentally from the G85 model as the FvCB model considers rate‐limiting processes due to Rubisco capacity, electron transport and triose phosphate utilization in parallel, whereas the G85 model considers Rubisco activity and triose phosphate utilization limitation to act in series scaled with quantum use efficiency. The models also differ fundamentally in terms of the parametrization of dark respiration. Still, both models calculate near‐similar responses of photosynthesis to changes in light and CO2 across a wide range in photosynthetic capacity with only two free parameters each. Our work thereby highlights functional similarities between these model approaches despite fundamental differences in model structure. Hence, standardized parameter sets that yield similar photosynthesis responses to light and CO2 may facilitate intercomparison of Earth system and weather models.
Assessment of Satellite Precipitation Data Sets for High Variability and Rapid Evolution of Typhoon Precipitation Events in the Philippines
Authors: Aryastana Putu , Liu Chian‐Yi , Jong‐Dao Jou Ben , Cayanan Esperanza , Punay Jason Pajimola , Chen Ying‐Nong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtreme weather events, such as typhoons, have occurred more frequently in the last few decades in the Philippines. The heavy precipitation caused by typhoons is difficult to measure with traditional instruments, such as rain gauges and ground‐based radar because these instruments have an uneven distribution in remote areas. Satellite precipitation data sets (SPDs) provide integrated spatial coverage of rainfall measurements, even for remote areas. However, the speed and direction of the wind has the interaction with terrain, which leads the uncertainty of the SPDs. This study performed sub‐daily assessments of near‐real‐time and high resolution SPDs (i.e., IMERG, GSMaP, and PERSIANN data sets) during five typhoon‐related heavy precipitation events in the Philippines, with the analysis under the impact due to wind and terrain effect. The aforementioned assessments were performed through a point‐to‐grid comparison by using continuous and volumetric statistical validation indices for the 34‐knot wind radii of the typhoons, rainfall intensity, terrain, and wind velocity effects. The results revealed that the IMERG exhibited good agreement with rain gauge measurements and exhibited high performance in detecting rainfall. The GSMaP data set overestimated the gauge observations during peak rainfall, while the IMERG and PERSIANN data sets considerably underestimated rainfall. The GSMaP exhibited the best performance for detecting heavy rainfall at high elevations, whereas IMERG exhibited the best performance for rainfall detection at low elevations. The IMERG exhibited a strong ability to detect heavy rainfall under various wind speeds.
Continuous Enhancements of Electron Temperature in the Subauroral Ionosphere Over Eight Days During the 2015 St. Patrick’s Day Storm
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Wenbin , Wu Qian , Lin Dong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe have used measurements of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites to study variations of electron temperature in the subauroral ionosphere during the magnetic storm on 17–25 March 2015. This magnetic storm had a long recovery phase of 7 days, and the ionospheric behavior over the entire storm time was seldom investigated. In this study, we find that the electron temperature at subauroral latitudes was continuously enhanced for 8 days, from the storm onset to the end of the recovery phase. The maximum electron temperature during the storm times was 1000–4000 K higher than the maximum electron temperature during quiet times. This long‐lasting enhancement of subauroral electron temperature was attributed to energy transfer among the solar wind, magnetosphere, ring current, plasmasphere, and ionosphere driven by high‐speed solar wind streams and fluctuating interplanetary magnetic field during the entire 8‐day period of the storm. The electron temperature enhancements were quite symmetric in the post‐midnight sector but became strongly asymmetric near dawn between the southern and northern hemispheres. The asymmetric enhancements of electron temperature near dawn may be related to the magnetic declination and the daytime midlatitude trough in the southern hemisphere. Large daily variations of maximum electron temperature in the post‐midnight sector were observed and may be related to the offset between geomagnetic and geographic latitudes. These DMSP observations provide new insight on ionospheric response to intense magnetic storms.
Geoid Reveals the Density Structure of Cratonic Lithosphere
Authors: Wang Yaoyi , Liu Lijun , Zhou Quan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGeoid is a key observable for understanding the dynamics of the deep Earth, but has been considered largely transparent to long‐wavelength shallow density structures, especially those of the cratonic lithosphere. Here, we demonstrate that the observed flat craton‐ocean geoid pattern, traditionally interpreted as reflecting neutrally buoyant cratonic keels, provides critical constraints on both the net buoyancy and the depth‐dependent density distribution of cratonic mantle lithosphere. Using both simple theoretical calculations and quantitative numerical models, we show that the recent seismic data on lithospheric structure require the existence of a dense cratonic mantle lithosphere to explain the observed topography and geoid. In practice, topography reveals the net buoyancy of the cratonic lithosphere, while geoid further delineates the depth‐dependence of excess density. We find that the mantle lithosphere below large cratons bears net negative buoyancy close to that of a pure‐thermal lithosphere, with most of the excess density distributed within the lower half of the lithosphere. Density profiles of small cratons, due to strong edge effects from surrounding orogenic belts, are harder to constrain, except that their mantle lithosphere is also negatively buoyant.
Magnetic Properties of Ferrofluid Change Over Time: Implications for Magnetic Pore Fabric Studies
Authors: Biedermann A. R. , Parés J. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of ferrofluid‐impregnated samples is an efficient and powerful proxy for pore space anisotropy and preferred flow directions. One of the main assumptions in pore fabric studies is that all pores >10–20 nm are homogeneously filled with ferrofluid, and that the ferrofluid has constant properties throughout the pore space and over time. If only part of the pore space is filled, this can lead to artifacts. Additionally, because magnetic anisotropy of a given pore space depends on fluid susceptibility, quantitative interpretations may be affected by the interval between impregnation and measurement time, or by the age of the ferrofluid during impregnation, unless fluid properties remain constant. A careful investigation of the time variation of ferrofluid properties and magnetic pore fabrics in synthetic and natural samples shows time‐dependence of susceptibility and hysteresis properties, related to dissolution of particle surfactants, and deterioration of colloidal stability. The latter leads to particle aggregation and sedimentation, which changes the anisotropy properties, and also affects impregnation behavior. Natural samples impregnated by oil‐based ferrofluid also experience a 2.5–3‐fold increase in mean susceptibility, with important consequences for the susceptibility‐based determination of impregnation efficiency. Based on our results, we recommend that ferrofluid properties are determined at the time of impregnation, and that samples are measured shortly after impregnation.
The 2021 Mw7.0 and Mw6.7 Miyagi‐Oki Earthquakes Nucleated in a Deep Seismic/Aseismic Transition Zone: Possible Effects of Transient Instability Due To the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Matsuzawa Toru , Uchida Naoki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn March and May 2021, Mw7.0 and Mw6.7, respectively, deep interplate earthquakes occurred off Miyagi, Japan, near the downdip edge of the rupture area of the 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake. We study the two Mw ∼ 7 earthquakes to investigate how a great (Mw ∼ 9) earthquake cycle impacts the generation of smaller (Mw7‐8) earthquakes in the deep seismic/aseismic transition zone. Our hypocenter relocation results show that many repeating earthquakes have emerged in the downdip area after the Tohoku earthquake. The March Mw7.0 event was initiated in the slip area of an emerging interplate repeating earthquake sequence, suggesting that the nucleation of the Mw7.0 event occurred in a conditionally stable area where only aseismic slip occurred before the Tohoku earthquake. Downdip high‐rate creep in the postseismic period is a probable reason for the temporal aseismic‐to‐seismic transition that allowed the occurrence of repeating earthquakes and the rupture initiation of the Mw7.0 earthquake. The May Mw6.7 earthquake originated in an area where earthquake activity was high locally, both before and after the Tohoku earthquake, and shear stress increased after the March event. This suggests that both frictional properties and shear stress change contributed to the rupture initiation. The slip inversion results indicate that these two Mw ∼ 7 earthquakes ruptured the western part of the 1978 Mw7.6 Miyagi‐Oki earthquake source area and loaded the eastern part. Continued monitoring of seismicity patterns, including possible updip expansion of the interplate seismicity, is essential to examine how strain energy, plate‐locking state, and creep evolve during the Mw9.0 earthquake cycle.
Peak Rain Rate Sensitivity to Observed Cloud Condensation Nuclei and Turbulence in Continental Warm Shallow Clouds During CACTI
Authors: Borque Paloma , Varble Adam , Hardin Joseph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWarm clouds strongly affect Earth's energy budget but remain imperfectly represented in climate models, partly due to the complexity and covariability of relevant processes influencing warm rain. This work presents a detailed analysis of different factors affecting rain rate peak intensity (RR) in continental warm clouds. Clouds were identified with vertically pointing radar and lidar observations and categorized via a temperature‐based cloud type classification algorithm from which warm clouds were isolated. Observations and retrievals of liquid water path (LWP), cloud condensation nuclei concentration (NCCN), cloud depth, and cloud duration of more than 3,000 separate warm clouds sampled during the Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign are analyzed in this work. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) models are applied to assess the relative impact of these variables on RR. Overall, RR tends to increase as cloud depth, LWP, and cloud duration increase, or NCCN decreases. Cloud depth affects RR the most while NCCN impacts it the least. When considering over 170 warm clouds observed at least 1 hr in which in‐cloud turbulence is retrieved, the effect of NCCN on RR remains most likely suppressive, but it is not significant at a 75% level for MLR and is highly uncertain for RF. The impact of in‐cloud turbulence depends on the moment and location it is sampled. Cloud base turbulence around the time of RR suppresses RR, while cloud top turbulence effects are inconclusive. Possible difficulties in isolating robust CCN and turbulence effects on RR are discussed.
Paleozoic Geodynamics and Architecture of the Southern Part of the Mongolian Altai Zone
Authors: Sukhbaatar T. , Lexa O. , Schulmann K. , Aguilar C. , Štípská P. , Wong J. , Jiang Y. , Míková J. , Zhao D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Mongolian Altai Zone of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt has been traditionally interpreted as a mosaic of Paleozoic magmatic arcs, back‐arcs, and Precambrian continental terranes. In order to define its architecture and its tectonic evolution, three domains previously interpreted as terranes were investigated. The findings show that the Northern and Central domains are formed by a metamorphic sequence characterized by Barrovian S1 fabric transposed by recumbent folds and dominant sub‐horizontal amphibolite facies S2 schistosity. The latter is associated with the intrusions of late Devonian syntectonic granite sheets and anatexis in the south. The Southern domain is formed by early Permian migmatites and anatectic granites separated from the metamorphic envelope by amphibolite to green‐schist facies D3 shear zone cross‐cutting S2 fabrics. All domains have been reworked by E‐W upright folds associated with axial‐planar greenschist facies cleavage, reflecting the final mid‐Permian to Triassic D4 shortening. Lithological, geochemical, and U‐Pb zircon analyses of metasediments of all domains indicate that they are formed by Ordovician mature quartzite derived from Precambrian basement intruded by Cambrian‐Ordovician continental arc and Silurian immature graywacke which originated through erosion of an oceanic arc. Altogether, the whole sequence represents a fore‐arc basin in front of a migrating arc affected by thickening and late Devonian extension. The Southern domain is interpreted as an early Permian core complex amplified by mid‐Permian to Triassic compression. The apparent “terrane” architecture of the Mongol Altai Zone originated due to Devonian and Permian heterogeneous reworking of a giant Ordovician to Silurian fore‐arc basin.
Loss of FGFR4 promotes the malignant phenotype of PDAC
Authors: D’Agosto Sabrina , Pezzini Francesco , Veghini Lisa , Delfino Pietro , Fiorini Claudia , Temgue Tane Gael D. , Del Curatolo Anais , Vicentini Caterina , Ferrari Giorgia , Pasini Davide , Andreani Silvia , Lupo Francesca , Fiorini Elena , Lorenzon Giulia , Lawlor Rita T. , Rusev Borislav , Malinova Antonia , Luchini Claudio , Milella Michele , Sereni Elisabetta , Pea Antonio , Bassi Claudio , Bailey Peter , Scarpa Aldo , Bria Emilio , Corbo Vincenzo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTranscriptomic analyses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have identified two major epithelial subtypes with distinct biology and clinical behaviours. Here, we aimed to clarify the role of FGFR1 and FGFR4 in the definition of aggressive PDAC phenotypes. We found that the expression of FGFR4 is exclusively detected in epithelial cells, significantly elevated in the classical PDAC subtype, and associates with better outcomes. In highly aggressive basal-like/squamous PDAC, reduced FGFR4 expression aligns with hypermethylation of the gene and lower levels of histone marks associated with active transcription in its regulatory regions. Conversely, FGFR1 has more promiscuous expression in both normal and malignant pancreatic tissues and is strongly associated with the EMT phenotype but not with the basal-like cell lineage. Regardless of the genetic background, the increased proliferation of FGFR4-depleted PDAC cells correlates with hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of FGFR4 in classical cell lines invariably leads to the enrichment of basal-like/squamous gene programs and is associated with either partial or full switch of phenotype. In sum, we show that endogenous levels of FGFR4 limit the malignant phenotype of PDAC cells. Finally, we propose FGFR4 as a valuable marker for the stratification of PDAC patients.
Extraction of accurate cytoskeletal actin velocity distributions from noisy measurements
Authors: Miller Cayla M. , Korkmazhan Elgin , Dunn Alexander R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for many cellular processes. Tracking the movement of individual actin filaments can in principle shed light on how this complex behavior arises at the molecular level. However, the information that can be extracted from these measurements is often limited by low signal-to-noise ratios. We developed a Bayesian statistical approach to estimate true, underlying velocity distributions from the tracks of individual actin-associated fluorophores with quantified localization uncertainties. We found that the motion of filamentous (F)-actin in fibroblasts and endothelial cells was better described by a statistical jump process than by models in which filaments undergo continuous, diffusive movement. In particular, a model with exponentially distributed jump length- and time-scales recapitulated actin filament velocity distributions measured for the cell cortex, integrin-based adhesions, and stress fibers, suggesting that a common physical model can potentially describe actin filament dynamics in a variety of cellular contexts.
Visual evoked feedforward–feedback traveling waves organize neural activity across the cortical hierarchy in mice
Authors: Aggarwal Adeeti , Brennan Connor , Luo Jennifer , Chung Helen , Contreras Diego , Kelz Max B. , Proekt Alex 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSensory processing is distributed among many brain regions that interact via feedforward and feedback signaling. Neuronal oscillations have been shown to mediate intercortical feedforward and feedback interactions. Yet, the macroscopic structure of the multitude of such oscillations remains unclear. Here, we show that simple visual stimuli reliably evoke two traveling waves with spatial wavelengths that cover much of the cerebral hemisphere in awake mice. 30-50 Hz feedforward waves arise in primary visual cortex (V1) and propagate rostrally, while 3-6 Hz feedback waves originate in the association cortex and flow caudally. The phase of the feedback wave modulates the amplitude of the feedforward wave and synchronizes firing between V1 and parietal cortex. Altogether, these results provide direct experimental evidence that visual evoked traveling waves percolate through the cerebral cortex and coordinate neuronal activity across broadly distributed networks mediating visual processing.
A method for Boolean analysis of protein interactions at a molecular level
Authors: Raykova Doroteya , Kermpatsou Despoina , Malmqvist Tony , Harrison Philip J. , Sander Marie Rubin , Stiller Christiane , Heldin Johan , Leino Mattias , Ricardo Sara , Klemm Anna , David Leonor , Spjuth Ola , Vemuri Kalyani , Dimberg Anna , Sundqvist Anders , Norlin Maria , Klaesson Axel , Kampf Caroline , Söderberg Ola 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDetermining the levels of protein–protein interactions is essential for the analysis of signaling within the cell, characterization of mutation effects, protein function and activation in health and disease, among others. Herein, we describe MolBoolean – a method to detect interactions between endogenous proteins in various subcellular compartments, utilizing antibody-DNA conjugates for identification and signal amplification. In contrast to proximity ligation assays, MolBoolean simultaneously indicates the relative abundances of protein A and B not interacting with each other, as well as the pool of A and B proteins that are proximal enough to be considered an AB complex. MolBoolean is applicable both in fixed cells and tissue sections. The specific and quantifiable data that the method generates provide opportunities for both diagnostic use and medical research.
Prohormone convertase 1/3 deficiency causes obesity due to impaired proinsulin processing
Authors: Meier Daniel T. , Rachid Leila , Wiedemann Sophia J. , Traub Shuyang , Trimigliozzi Kelly , Stawiski Marc , Sauteur Loïc , Winter Denise V. , Le Foll Christelle , Brégère Catherine , Guzman Raphael , Odermatt Alex , Böni-Schnetzler Marianne , Donath Marc Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDefective insulin processing is associated with obesity and diabetes. Prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) is an endopeptidase required for the processing of neurotransmitters and hormones. PC1/3 deficiency and genome-wide association studies relate PC1/3 with early onset obesity. Here, we find that deletion of PC1/3 in obesity-related neuronal cells expressing proopiomelanocortin mildly and transiently change body weight and fail to produce a phenotype when targeted to Agouti-related peptide- or nestin-expressing tissues. In contrast, pancreatic β cell-specific PC1/3 ablation induces hyperphagia with consecutive obesity despite uncontrolled diabetes with glucosuria. Obesity develops not due to impaired pro-islet amyloid polypeptide processing but due to impaired insulin maturation. Proinsulin crosses the blood-brain-barrier but does not induce central satiety. Accordingly, insulin therapy prevents hyperphagia. Further, islet PC1/3 expression levels negatively correlate with body mass index in humans. In this work, we show that impaired PC1/3-mediated proinsulin processing, as observed in human prediabetes, promotes hyperphagic obesity.
Reformation of the chondroitin sulfate glycocalyx enables progression of AR-independent prostate cancer
Authors: Al-Nakouzi Nader , Wang Chris Kedong , Oo Htoo Zarni , Nelepcu Irina , Lallous Nada , Spliid Charlotte B. , Khazamipour Nastaran , Lo Joey , Truong Sarah , Collins Colin , Hui Desmond , Esfandnia Shaghayegh , Adomat Hans , Clausen Thomas Mandel , Gustavsson Tobias , Choudhary Swati , Dagil Robert , Corey Eva , Wang Yuzhuo , Chauchereau Anne , Fazli Ladan , Esko Jeffrey D. , Salanti Ali , Nelson Peter S. , Gleave Martin E. , Daugaard Mads 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLineage plasticity of prostate cancer is associated with resistance to androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibition (ARPI) and supported by a reactive tumor microenvironment. Here we show that changes in chondroitin sulfate (CS), a major glycosaminoglycan component of the tumor cell glycocalyx and extracellular matrix, is AR-regulated and promotes the adaptive progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after ARPI. AR directly represses transcription of the 4-O-sulfotransferase gene CHST11 under basal androgen conditions, maintaining steady-state CS in prostate adenocarcinomas. When AR signaling is inhibited by ARPI or lost during progression to non-AR-driven CRPC as a consequence of lineage plasticity, CHST11 expression is unleashed, leading to elevated 4-O-sulfated chondroitin levels. Inhibition of the tumor cell CS glycocalyx delays CRPC progression, and impairs growth and motility of prostate cancer after ARPI. Thus, a reactive CS glycocalyx supports adaptive survival and treatment resistance after ARPI, representing a therapeutic opportunity in patients with advanced prostate cancer.