bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF GENETICS IN MODERN MEDICINE
Authors:   Irkutsk State Medical University, Tkachuk E.A. , Seminsky I.Zh. ,   Irkutsk State Medical University,   Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems
Published: December 2022

The lecture discusses the role of modern genetics and its significance for medicine, determines the goals of genetics and its structure. It is shown that modern medical genetics is divided into general, clinical and laboratory genetics. Other fields of genetics are genomics, molecular and biochemical genetics, cytogenetics, developmental genetics, oncogenetics and immunogenetics, pharmacogenetics, population genetics, ecological genetics, nutrigenetics, toxico-genetics. It is noted that about 20–40 % of clinic patients have hereditary pathology. The main possibilities of modern genetics, such as human genome sequencing, molecular genetic diagnosis of hereditary pathology, personalized medicine, genetic certification, identification of genetic markers for oncological diseases, determination of individual drug sensitivity using pharmacogenetics methods, gene therapy of previously incurable diseases, medical bioengineer-ing and genome editing. The issues of biological aging of the body and the possibility of prolonging active longevity by the methods of modern genetics are discussed. Conclusions are drawn about the need to introduce knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of clinical genetics propaedeutics, genetic testing and interpretation of its results, treat-ment and prevention using modern genetics methods into the system of higher medical education.
Pengaruh Program Dana Desa Terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat, Perluasan Lapangan Kerja dan Peluang Usaha Masyarakat Desa (Studi Deskriptif Korelasi pada 10 Desa di Kabupaten Purwakarta)
Authors: Jumiati Eti , Adam Duki 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh program dana desa terhadap perekonomian masyarakat, perluasan lapangan kerja dan peluang usaha masyarakat Desa di Kabupaten Purwakarta. Metode penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah analisis Multivariat atau MANOVA. Fungsi MANOVA adalah untuk megetahui pengaruh secara parsial antara variable program dana desa (X) terhadap variable perekonomian masyarakat (Y1), terhadap perluasan lapangan kerja (Y2) dan terhadap peluang usaha (Y3). Dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan antara variable program dana desa (X) terhadap perkonomian masyarakat (Y1), perluasan lapangan kerja (Y2) dan peluang usaha (Y3).Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 Desa di Kabupaten Purwakarta, yang masing-masing diambil sebanyak 10 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampel acak terstratifikasi (stratified random sampling), yakni mengambil sampel secara acak proposional dari masing-masing Desa.
Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: 1) berdasarkan test of between effects atau pengaruh variable secara individu, bahwa variable program dana desa masing-masing berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, perluasan lapangan kerja dan peluang usaha. Karena seluruh variable nilai signifikansinya > dari 0.05; 2) berdasarkan tes tersebut dinyatakan bahwa secara bersama-sama ada pengaruh program dana desa terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, perluasan lapangan kerja dan peluang usaha, karena nilai F hitung > dari F table.
Cognitive Meaning of Inclusive Education of Students with Disability in Regular Education Teachers
Authors: Morales-Martínez Guadalupe Elizabeth , Mezquita-Hoyos Yanko Norberto , Castro-Campos Claudia 
Published: December 2022

Background: Successful inclusive education strongly represents the development of society, promoting better living conditions for students with disabilities.
Objective: This study explored the mental representation of knowledge of inclusive education and disability held by regular education teachers with experience in this field.
Methods: First, participants performed a conceptual definition task through the Natural Semantic Networks technique. Teachers defined ten target concepts related to the cognitive schema of inclusive education. They had 60 seconds to define each target, using verbs, adjectives, nouns, and pronouns, after rating the definers’ quality to conceptualize the target. Subsequently, the authors implemented a constraint satisfaction neural network to simulate the school inclusion schema's behavior and carried out a chronometric cognitive analysis using data from the first study.
Results: Participants organized the educative inclusion meaning on four dimensions (definition, actors' qualities, stakeholders, and inclusion program effects). However, some concepts about school integration and conventional education appeared in the educative inclusion schema. Further, computer simulations showed that participants seem to have an internal locus of control over inclusive actions. Generally, experience with students with disabilities promotes the formation of a favorable educational inclusion schema. However, even though participants in this study have experience in inclusion programs, they are still constructing the inclusive education schema.
Conclusion: The cognitive evaluation provides useful information to empower teachers to be aware of their knowledge and biases on inclusive education and the importance of their work in the success of school inclusion programs.
Kvalitet i praksisstudier gjennom systematisert samarbeid mellom universitet og praksisfelt
Authors: Sætertrø Odil , Solum Myren Gunn Eva 
Published: December 2022

Hensikten med artikkelen er å beskrive erfaringer fra utprøving av ny praksismodell ved vernepleierutdanningen ved Nord universitet i perioden 2016-18. Målet med modellen var å utvikle et tettere samarbeid mellom utdanning og praksisfelt og å sikre god kvalitet på praksisstudiet. Metode: Det ble anvendt aksjonsforskning som tilnærming for å utvikle modellen. Evalueringen ble gjennomført ved hjelp av fokusgruppeintervju med studenter fra 1. og 2. studieår og deres praksisveiledere. Resultat: Organisering og rammer kan muliggjøre samhandling mellom praksisfelt og utdanningsinstitusjon. Trygghet i læringsprosessen skapes gjennom studenter i par og faste praksisveiledere. Konklusjon: Flerårig lederforankret avtale som avklarer faste møtepunkter mellom praksisfelt og utdanning er sannsynligvis sentralt for kontinuitet i samarbeidet. Møtepunkter for gjensidig utveksling av informasjon, utvikling av felles forståelse av kompetansekrav bidrar til å sikre et systematisk samarbeid. Strukturert veiledningsprosess kan gi gode forutsetninger for læring i praksisstudiet. Studenter i par og veiledningskontrakt kan være gode verktøy for å sikre kvalitet i praksisstudiet.
Acquainted with Grief
Authors: Goldman Robert P. 
Published: December 2022

The authors of the numerous medieval and early modern Sanskrit-medium commentaries on the various recensions and sub-recensions of the Vālmīkirāmāyaṇa frequently found themselves in a somewhat awkward hermeneutical position. The epic itself, like many Indic texts, is highly revered both as a religious text, one of the earliest and most influential Vaiṣṇava texts, and as a literary work that is not only a great poem but indeed the very first poem and the fons et origo of all subsequent poetry. Moreover, like Vyāsa, the author of the Rāmāyaṇa’s sister epic, the Mahābhārata, Vālmīki was regarded not merely as an inspired poet and sage, but as a ṛṣi, that is to say an inerrant seer whose speech, in his case inspired directly by the creator divinity Brahmā and the god’s gift of a divine vision, must therefore be accepted as absolutely true and authoritative. The problem facing the work’s commentators is that Vālmīki’s text portrays its hero, Rāma, as not only a god in the form of a man, but as one who, ignorant of his own divinity, suffers all of the mental, emotional, and physical pain to which ordinary mortals are prey. In this Rāma differs sharply from the subsequent Vaiṣṇava avatāra and central figure of the Mahābhārata, Kṛṣṇa, who, fully aware of his godhood, rarely suffers in any way mentally or physically. But the Rāmāyaṇa’s commentators are living and writing in a world in which the development of the medieval bhakti movements has led poets and theologians to conceive of and write about Rāma as an omnipotent and omniscient figure very much like Kṛṣṇa.
The present essay discusses the lexical, grammatical, and hermaneutical strategies the commentors adopted to negotiate the tension between Vālmīki’s apparent depiction of the suffering of his hero and a proposed deeper meaning in which the avatāra conforms more fully to what became the medieval and modern theology of god on earth.
Evaluation of measures related to dosimetric uncertainty of VMAT plans
Authors: Götstedt Julia , Karlsson Anna , Bäck Anna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDosimetric uncertainty is most often not included in the process of creating and selecting plans for treatment. Treatment planning and the physician's choice of treatment plan is instead often based only on evaluation of clinical goals of the calculated absorbed dose distribution. Estimation of the dosimetric uncertainty could potentially have impact in the process of comparing and selecting volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. In this study, different measures for estimation of dosimetric uncertainty based on treatment plan parameters for plans with similar dose distributions were evaluated.VMAT plans with similar dose distributions but with different treatment plan designs were created using three different optimization methods for each of ten patient cases (tonsil and prostate cancer). Two plans were optimized in Eclipse, one with and one without the use of aperture shape controller, and one plan was optimized in RayStation.The studied measures related to dosimetric uncertainty of treatment plans were aperture‐based complexity metric analysis, investigation of modulation level of multi leaf collimator leaves, gantry speed and dose rate, quasi‐3D measurements and evaluation of simulations of realistic delivery variations.The results showed that there can be variations in dosimetric uncertainty for treatment plans with similar dose distributions. Dosimetric uncertainty assessment could therefore have impact on the choice of plan to be used for treatment and lead to a decrease in the uncertainty level of the delivered absorbed dose distribution. This study showed that aperture shape complexity had a larger impact on dosimetric uncertainty compared to modulation level of MLC, gantry speed and dose rate.
Variations in signal‐to‐noise characteristics of tissue‐equivalent attenuators for mammographic automatic exposure control system performance evaluation
Authors: Morrison Courtney K. , Macdonald Erin B. , Bevins Nicholas B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis work investigates the impact of tissue‐equivalent attenuator choice on measured signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for automatic exposure control (AEC) performance evaluation in digital mammography. It also investigates how the SNR changes for each material when used to evaluate AEC performance across different mammography systems.MethodsAEC performance was evaluated for four mammography systems using seven attenuator sets at two thicknesses (4 and 8 cm). All systems were evaluated in 2D imaging mode, and one system was evaluated in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) mode. The methodology followed the 2018 ACR digital mammography quality control (DMQC) manual. Each system‐attenuator‐thickness combination was evaluated using For Processing images in ImageJ with standard ROI size and location. The closest annual physicist testing results were used to explore the impact of varying measured AEC performance on image quality.ResultsThe measured SNR varied by 44%–54% within each system across all attenuators at 4 cm thickness in 2D mode. The variation appeared to be largely due to changes in measured noise, with variations of 46%–67% within each system across all attenuators at 4 cm thickness in 2D mode. Two systems had failing SNR levels for two of the materials using the minimum SNR criterion specified in the ACR DMQC manual. Similar trends were seen in DBT mode and at 8 cm thickness. Within each material, there was 115%–131% variation at 4 cm and 82%–114% variation at 8 cm in the measured SNR across the four imaging systems. Variation in SNR did not correlate with system operating level based on visual image quality and average glandular dose (AGD).ConclusionChoice of tissue‐equivalent attenuator for AEC performance evaluation affects measured SNR values. Depending on the material, the difference may be enough to result in failure following the longitudinal and absolute thresholds specified in the ACR DMQC manual.
Single‐Cell Profiling Reveals Functional Heterogeneity and Serial Killing in Human Peripheral and Ex Vivo‐Generated CD34+ Progenitor‐Derived Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Subedi Nikita , Verhagen Liesbeth Petronella , de Jonge Paul , Van Eyndhoven Laura C. , van Turnhout Mark C. , Koomen Vera , Baudry Jean , Eyer Klaus , Dolstra Harry , Tel Jurjen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that natural killer (NK) cells are composed of distinct functional subsets. This multifunctional role has made them an attractive choice for anticancer immunotherapy. A functional NK cell repertoire is generated through cellular education, resulting in a heterogeneous NK cell population with distinct capabilities responding to different stimuli. The application of a high‐throughput droplet‐based microfluidic platform allows monitoring of NK cell‐target cell interactions at the single‐cell level and in real‐time. A variable response of single NK cells toward different target cells is observed, and a distinct population of NK cells (serial killers) capable of inducing multiple target lysis is identified. By assessing the cytotoxic dynamics, it is shown that single umbilical cord blood‐derived CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor (HPC)‐NK cells display superior antitumor cytotoxicity. With an integrated analysis of cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion, it is shown that target cell interactions augment cytotoxic as well as secretory behavior of NK cells. By providing an integrated assessment of NK cell functions by microfluidics, this study paves the way to further functionally characterize NK cells ultimately aimed to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Research Progress of Shape Memory Polymer and 4D Printing in Biomedical Application
Authors: Zhao Wei , Yue Chengbin , Liu Liwu , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a kind of smart material, shape memory polymer (SMP) shows great application potential in the biomedical field. Compared with traditional metal‐based medical devices, SMP‐based devices have the following characteristics: 1) The adaptive ability allows the biomedical device to better match the surrounding tissue after being implanted into the body by minimally invasive implantation; 2) it has better biocompatibility and adjustable biodegradability; 3) mechanical properties can be regulated in a large range to better match with the surrounding tissue. 4D printing technology is a comprehensive technology based on smart materials and 3D printing, which has great application value in the biomedical field. 4D printing technology breaks through the technical bottleneck of personalized customization and provides a new opportunity for the further development of the biomedical field. This paper summarizes the application of SMP and 4D printing technology in the field of bone tissue scaffolds, tracheal scaffolds, and drug release, etc. Moreover, this paper analyzes the existing problems and prospects, hoping to provide a preliminary discussion and useful reference for the application of SMP in biomedical engineering.
Electron Lifetime of Over One Month in Disordered Organic Solid‐State Films
Authors: Yamanaka Takahiko , Nakanotani Hajime , Nakamoto Katsuhiro , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding intrinsic carrier lifetime in disordered organic solid‐state semiconductors is essential for improving device performance in not only molecule‐based optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells (OSC) but also photocatalysts used for producing solar fuel cells. Carriers in disordered films are generally thought to have short lifetimes on a scale ranging from nanoseconds to milliseconds. These short carrier lifetimes cause loss of charges in OSCs and low quantum yields in photocatalysts and impede the future application of organic semiconductors to, for example, charge‐storage‐based memory devices. This study reports an ultralong intrinsic carrier lifetime of more than one month in a disordered film of an organic semiconductor stored at room temperature without external power. This extraordinary lifetime, which is several orders of magnitude longer than that generally believed possible in conventional organic semiconductors, arises from carrier stabilization by spontaneous orientation polarization, excited spin‐triplet recycling, and blocking of recombination processes in disordered films.
Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Media
Authors: Lin Yichao , Dong Yan , Wang Xuezhen , Chen Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe well‐established proton exchange membrane (PEM)‐based water electrolysis, which operates under acidic conditions, possesses many advantages compared to alkaline water electrolysis, such as compact design, higher voltage efficiency, and higher gas purity. However, PEM‐based water electrolysis is hampered by the low efficiency, instability, and high cost of anodic electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this review, the recently reported acidic OER electrocatalysts are comprehensively summarized, classified, and discussed. The related fundamental studies on OER mechanisms and the relationship between activity and stability are particularly highlighted in order to provide an atomistic‐level understanding for OER catalysis. A stability test protocol is suggested to evaluate the intrinsic activity degradation. Some current challenges and unresolved questions, such as the usage of carbon‐based materials and the differences between the electrocatalyst performances in acidic electrolytes and PEM‐based electrolyzers are also discussed. Finally, suggestions for the most promising electrocatalysts and a perspective for future research are outlined. This review presents a fresh impetus and guideline to the rational design and synthesis of high‐performance acidic OER electrocatalysts for PEM‐based water electrolysis.
A Twisted Phosphor: Breaking T1 Energy Conservation in Dopant‐Matrix Organic Phosphorescence Systems
Authors: Ding Shuhui , Wang Xuepu , Wang Guangming , Wu Minjian , Li Junbo , Zhao Xiaoya , Li Haodong , Ren Shixue , Zhang Kaka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the exciton model of organic compounds proposed by Kasha, energy levels of T1 states are insensitive to microenvironment because of negligibly small transition dipole moments of T1 states. This phenomenon of T1 energy conservation holds true in most organic systems. Here a serendipitous finding of a twisted organic phosphor that breaks T1 energy conservation in dopant‐matrix phosphorescence systems is reported. Specifically, the twisted phosphor exhibits distinct phosphorescence colors and T1 energy levels when doped into different organic matrices under ambient conditions. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that, when the twisted phosphor is in its freely rotating form, the increase of twisted angle leads to the increase of its T1 energy level. After being planarized by alkyl cyclization, the phosphor shows the recovery of T1 energy conservation. Owing to its sensitive T1 level, the twisted phosphor functions as label‐free and visual probe for direct observation of polymer phase separation.
Deposition Characteristics of Aerosol Particles on the Surface of PV Modules: Numerical Study
Authors: Qiu Yunfeng , Guo Xiao , Wang Yahui , Tian Rui , Wei Chuan , Liu Shuang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe deposition of aerosol particles can significantly affect the surface transmittance of photovoltaic (PV) modules and thus reduce photoelectric efficiency. With the aid of the control variable method, orthogonal experimental design, and stepwise linear regression method, a numerical simulation study of the deposition process of aerosol particles on the surface of a PV module is carried out in this paper. The influence laws of inflow wind velocity (v), particle diameter (d), installation angle (α), and particle concentration (c) on the deposition process of aerosol particles are analyzed, respectively. The deposition mechanism of aerosol particles on the surface of the PV module is disclosed, and the prediction model of deposition rate (n) is proposed. The results show that v, d, and c all positively affect n of the aerosol particles within the value ranges of each investigation variable in this study. α positively affects n of the aerosol particles when v is less than 3.65 m s−1. α negatively affects the n of the aerosol particles when v is larger than 3.65 m s−1. The prediction model could accurately predict the n of aerosol particles. This research has a theoretical guiding significance for the formulation process of cleaning strategies for the surface of PV modules.
Quality of life comparison between esophagogastrostomy and double tract reconstruction for proximal gastrectomy assessed by Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale (PGSAS)‐45
Authors: Ikeda Masami , Takiguchi Nobuhiro , Morita Takayuki , Matsubara Hisahiro , Takeno Atsushi , Takagane Akinori , Obama Kazutaka , Oshio Atsushi , Nakada Koji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe current study compared the postoperative quality of life (QOL) between the esophagogastrostomy method (PGEG) and double tract method (PGDT) after proximal gastrectomy using the Postgastretomy Syndrome Assessment Scale (PGSAS)‐45.MethodsAmong the 2364 patients who received the PGSAS‐45 questionnaire, 300 PGEG and 172 PGDT cases responded. The main outcomes measures (MOMs) consisted of seven subscales (SS) covering symptoms, meals (amount and quality), ability to work, dissatisfaction with daily life, physical and mental component summary of the 8‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐8), and change in body weight, and were compared between PGEG and PGDT.ResultsOverall, PGDT promoted significantly better constipation SS scores (p < 0.05), whereas PGEG tended to promote better body weight (BW) loss% (p < 0.10). A stratified analysis based on the remnant stomach size revealed that among those with a remnant stomach size of 1/2, PGDT had significantly better constipation and dumping SS scores (p < 0.05) and tended to have better working conditions (p < 0.10) compared to PGEG. Even among those with the remnant stomach size of 2/3, PGDT had significantly better diarrhea SS scores, lesser dissatisfaction with symptoms, and better dissatisfaction with daily life SS scores (p < 0.05) and tended to have better constipation SS scores and lesser dissatisfaction with work (p < 0.10) compared to PGEG.ConclusionsAfter comparing the QOLs of PGEG and PGDT, the stratified analysis according to remnant stomach sizes of 1/2 and 2/3 revealed that PGDT was relatively superior to PGEG for several MOMs.