bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive quantitative characterisation of the multiphase microstructure of a thick-section high strength steel
Authors: Bertolo Virgínia , Jiang Quanxin , Scholl Sebastian , Petrov Roumen H. , Hangen Ude , Walters Carey , Sietsma Jilt , Popovich Vera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe through-thickness heterogeneous microstructure of thick-section high strength steels is responsible for the significant scatter of properties along the thickness. In this study, in order to identify the critical microstructural features in the fracture behaviour and allow for design optimisation and prediction of structural failure, the through-thickness microstructure of thick-section steels was extensively characterised and quantified. For this purpose, samples were extracted from the top quarter and middle thickness positions, and a combination of techniques including chemical composition analysis, dilatometry, and microscopy was used. The hardness variation through the thickness was analysed via micro-Vickers measurements and the local hardness variation in the middle section was studied via nanoindentation. The middle section presented larger prior austenite grain (PAG) sizes and larger sizes and area fraction of inclusions than the top section. Additionally, cubic inclusions were observed distributed as clusters in the middle, sometimes decorating PAG boundaries. Defects associated with the cubic inclusions or the interface between the matrix and the circular and cubic inclusions were observed in the mid-thickness. Moreover, the middle section presented long interfaces with the most significant hardness gradients due to the presence of hard centreline segregation bands. Hence, the microstructural and nanoindentation analyses indicated the middle section as the most likely area to have the lowest fracture toughness and, therefore, the most unfavourable section for fracture performance of the investigated S690QL high strength steel. The detrimental effect of the middle section was confirmed via CTOD tests where the middle presents lower fracture toughness than the top section.
Distributional Solutions of Burgers’ type Equations for Intrinsic Graphs in Carnot Groups of Step 2
Authors: Antonelli Gioacchino , Di Donato Daniela , Don Sebastiano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe prove that in arbitrary Carnot groups $\mathbb {G}$
G
of step 2, with a splitting $\mathbb {G}=\mathbb {W}\cdot \mathbb {L}$
G
=
W
⋅
L
with $\mathbb {L}$
L
one-dimensional, the intrinsic graph of a continuous function $\varphi \colon U\subseteq \mathbb {W}\to \mathbb {L}$
φ
:
U
⊆
W
→
L
is $C^{1}_{\mathrm {H}}$

C

H

1

-regular precisely when φ satisfies, in the distributional sense, a Burgers’ type system Dφφ = ω, with a continuous ω. We stress that this equivalence does not hold already in the easiest step-3 Carnot group, namely the Engel group. We notice that our results generalize previous works by Ambrosio-Serra Cassano-Vittone and Bigolin-Serra Cassano in the setting of Heisenberg groups. As a tool for the proof we show that a continuous distributional solution φ to a Burgers’ type system Dφφ = ω, with ω continuous, is actually a broad solution to Dφφ = ω. As a by-product of independent interest we obtain that all the continuous distributional solutions to Dφφ = ω, with ω continuous, enjoy 1/2-little Hölder regularity along vertical directions.
How online discussion board activity affects stock trading: the case of GameStop
Authors: Betzer André , Harries Jan Philipp 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn January 2021, the stock price of NASDAQ-listed GameStop Corporation surged more than twenty-fold for no discernible economic reason. Many observers attributed this broadly covered rise to retail investors, organizing themselves in Reddit’s WallStreetBets community. While Social Media-organized trading is not a new phenomenon, the magnitude of the resulting swings in the share price and surge in trading volume of GameStop is unprecedented. Using financial data, as well as an extensive dataset of Reddit posts, we provide empirical evidence for the relationship of Reddit posts and GameStop (retail) trading. While we find a significant and positive relationship between Reddit posts and various trading measures in the following 30-min window in accordance with an attention-based mechanism, our results offer no indication for the informativeness of Reddit posts and hint at a complex and probably nonlinear interdependence between Social-media and trading activity, preventing proof of a one-directional, causal effect.
Do Criminal Offenders Have a Right to Neurorehabilitation?
Authors: Dore-Horgan Emma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoon it may be possible to promote the rehabilitation of criminal offenders through neurointerventions (interventions which exert direct physical, chemical or biological effects on the brain). Some jurisdictions already utilise neurointerventions to diminish the risk of sexual or drug-related reoffending. And investigation is underway into several other neurointerventions that might also have rehabilitative applications within criminal justice—for example, pharmacotherapy to reduce aggression or impulsivity. Ethical debate on the use of neurointerventions to facilitate rehabilitation—henceforth ‘neurorehabilitation’—has proceeded on two assumptions: that we have instrumental reasons for employing neurorehabilitation (e.g. because it helps protect the public from crime); and that its permissibility depends upon whether its use unjustifiably infringes offenders’ rights. This paper defends a different, hitherto neglected thought. I argue we have rights-based reasons to offer neurorehabilitation to offenders—in other words, that offenders have a moral right to neurorehabilitation. I identify three considerations which support a moral right to conventional rehabilitative interventions—(1) as a countermeasure to the debilitating side-effects of punishment; (2) as a derivative right of the right to hope for renewed liberty; and (3) as compensation for structural injustice. I argue these considerations extend to support a moral right to neurorehabilitation in the following instance: when neurorehabilitation would be part of the most effective package for facilitating rehabilitation, and can be carried out at reasonable cost. I then defend my argument against potential objections, including the objection that neurorehabilitation is a bad option for offenders to have and the charge of over-medicalisation.
Nothing but good intentions: the search for equity and stock price crash risk
Authors: Reichmann Doron , Möller Rouven , Hertel Tobias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we examine whether and how managers’ intentions to raise equity are associated with future stock price crash risk. Therefore, we apply modern information retrieval techniques to corporate textual disclosures by constructing document embeddings that preserve contextual relationships in managers’ discussions on liquidity and capital resources. Using these document embeddings, we construct a continuous measure of managers’ intentions to raise equity. We document that the search for equity is associated with higher future stock price crash risk. Further analyses suggest that managers with stronger intentions to raise equity are more likely to block negative news flow and that these intentions reinforce the effects of earnings manipulation and textual obfuscation on stock price crash risk. In summary, our results suggest that managers’ search for equity incentivises managerial bad news hoarding.
The metacoupled Arctic: Human–nature interactions across local to global scales as drivers of sustainability
Authors: Kapsar Kelly , Frans Veronica F. , Brigham Lawson W. , Liu Jianguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Arctic is an epicenter of complex environmental and socioeconomic change. Strengthened connections between Arctic and non-Arctic systems could threaten or enhance Arctic sustainability, but studies of external influences on the Arctic are scattered and fragmented in academic literature. Here, we review and synthesize how external influences have been analyzed in Arctic-coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) literature. Results show that the Arctic is affected by numerous external influences nearby and faraway, including global markets, climate change, governance, military security, and tourism. However, apart from climate change, these connections are infrequently the focus of Arctic CHANS analyses. We demonstrate how Arctic CHANS research could be enhanced and research gaps could be filled using the holistic framework of metacoupling (human–nature interactions within as well as between adjacent and distant systems). Our perspectives provide new approaches to enhance the sustainability of Arctic systems in an interconnected world.
Respiratory Viral Infections in Athletes: Many Unanswered Questions
Authors: Ruuskanen Olli , Luoto Raakel , Valtonen Maarit , Heinonen Olli J. , Waris Matti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUpper respiratory tract infections (“common cold”) are the most common acute illnesses in elite athletes. Numerous studies on exercise immunology have proposed that intense exercise may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. Virological data to support that view are sparse, and several fundamental questions remain. Immunity to respiratory viral infections is highly complex, and there is a lack of evidence that minor short- or long-term alterations in immunity in elite athletes have clinical implications. The degree to which athletes are infected by respiratory viruses is unclear. During major sport events, athletes are at an increased risk of symptomatic infections caused by the same viruses as those in the general population. The symptoms are usually mild and self-limiting. It is anecdotally known that athletes commonly exercise and compete while having a respiratory viral infection; there are no virological studies to suggest that such activity would affect either the illness or the performance. The risk of myocarditis exists. Which simple mitigation procedures are crucial for effective control of seasonal respiratory viral infections is not known.
Recent progress in experiments on the heaviest nuclides at SHIP
Authors: Block Michael , Giacoppo Francesca , Heßberger Fritz-Peter , Raeder Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the atomic and nuclear properties of very heavy and superheavy nuclides is one of the main objectives in experiments at the recoil separator SHIP at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. This article summarizes recent experiments performed on isotopes of the elements with Z = 102–105. The radionuclides of interest were produced in heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions with lead and bismuth targets and separated from the primary beam by the velocity filter SHIP. The studies by $$\alpha $$
α
–$$\gamma $$
γ
spectroscopy experiments, direct mass measurements and laser spectroscopy employed the SHIP decay-spectroscopy setup, the new COMPASS detector, the mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP, and the laser spectroscopy setup RADRIS. This article briefly introduces the experimental approaches and discusses selected results providing a more comprehensive picture of the nuclear structure around the deformed neutron shell closure at $$N=152$$

N
=
152

. Future perspectives to extend such experiments towards other regions in the heaviest nuclei will also be addressed.
A Nonlinear PDE for Families of Orbits on a Given Surface
Authors: Kotoulas Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study a nonlinear PDE which descibes monoparametric families of orbits on a certain surface produced by two-dimensional potentials. We face the following version of the direct problem of Newtonian Dynamics: Given a surface Sand a two-dimensional potential$$V = V(u,v)$$

V
=
V
(
u
,
v
)

, determine all the isoenergetic families of orbits$$f(u,v) = $$

f
(
u
,
v
)
=

c ($$c = const.$$

c
=
c
o
n
s
t
.

), that is, families of orbits which are traced by a test particle with the same preassigned value of the total energy $${\mathcal {E}} = {\mathcal {E}}_{0}$$

E
=

E
0

. We are interested especially in those orbits which are described by energy $${\mathcal {E}}_{0}$$

E
0

= 0. Thus, using Merten’s equation (ZAMM 61:252–253, 1981), we establish a new, nonlinear PDE for the “slope function” $$\gamma $$
γ
= $${\frac{{f_{v}}}{{f_{u}}}}$$

f
v

f
u

which represents well the corresponding family of orbits $$f(u,v) = c$$

f
(
u
,
v
)
=
c

on the given surface S. We find two necessary and sufficient differential conditions, one for the potential V = V (u, v) and another one for the slope function $$\gamma $$
γ
, so that the above PDE has solution. Furthermore, we determine the general solution of the above PDE. Not only real but also complex potentials can produce these families of orbits on the given surface S. Several examples are offered.
The Rassemblement National and COVID-19: How Nativism, Authoritarianism and Expert Populism Did Not Pay Off during the Pandemic
Authors: Froio Caterina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe article examines the response of the French National Rally (Rassemblement National – RN) to COVID-19. It combines computer-based and qualitative content analysis of Facebook posts and press releases to uncover the salience and frames of the infection. I find that the RN used an ambivalent strategy to respond to the pandemic, linking an unexpected problem to its core ideological tenets, while also adapting its programmatic profile. Specifically, the RN interpreted COVID-19 in terms of immigration and defence. Diagnostic frames drew on nativist, authoritarian and populist tenets to identify the origin of the infection (migrants), and to attribute blame for its spread (lack of border controls). Moreover, prognostic frames used disagreement within the scientific community to criticize governments' policies and propose alternatives. While this strategy allowed the RN to address an issue outside its ‘comfort zone’, its support base remained stable. These results point at the radical right's strategic use of expert knowledge and populist logics to try to improve its credibility in mainstream public debates.
Hospital coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health reporting: Lessons from validation of an automated surveillance tool to facilitate data collection
Authors: Gamage Shantini D. , Evans Martin E. , McCauley Brian P. , Lipscomb Karen R. , Flarida Linda , Jones Makoto M. , Baza Michael , Barraza Jeremy , Simbartl Loretta A. , Roselle Gary A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA comparison of computer-extracted and facility-reported counts of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients for public health reporting at 36 hospitals revealed 42% of days with matching counts between the data sources. Miscategorization of suspect cases was a primary driver of discordance. Clear reporting definitions and data validation facilitate emerging disease surveillance.
Perceptions of Importance and Reported Frequency of Instruction of Self-Determination by Teaching Assistants in New South Wales Schools
Authors: Carter Mark , Webster Amanda , Stephenson Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf-determination skills, including competencies such as decision-making, are regarded by parents and teachers as important for students with special needs. Although not necessarily regarded as appropriate, teaching assistants often take substantial responsibility for delivering educational programs to students and little is known about their perspectives on self-determination. Perspectives of teaching assistants may impact on their support of programs to enhance self-determination that are developed by teachers. Teaching assistants in New South Wales mainstream schools (N= 320) were surveyed regarding their views on the importance and frequency of instruction of seven competencies related to self-determination of students with special needs. Consistent with previous research, assistants rated all the competencies highly in terms of importance, but frequency of implementation was more variable. Moderate correlations were found between ratings of importance and frequency of implementation, suggesting that greater instructional time was devoted to competencies viewed as more important. Limited differences were found between assistants working at primary and secondary levels. Although features of the interactions of teaching assistants that can inhibit self-determination have been often identified in previous research, it is argued that, paradoxically, assistants may be well positioned to facilitate the development of self-determination with appropriate training and supervision. Directions for future research are identified.
Asian elephant movements between natural and human-dominated landscapes mirror patterns of crop damage in Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Chandima , Weston Michael A. , Corea Ravi , Pahirana Kelum , Rendall Anthony R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWildlife movements within a landscape are influenced by environmental factors such as food availability and, as human-modified landscapes continue to expand, the risks associated with encountering people. For Asian elephants Elephas maximus, human-dominated landscapes can be a risky but also rewarding habitat. When elephants share space with people, negative human–elephant interactions are common, sometimes resulting in injuries or deaths of both people and elephants. We monitored elephant movements in and out of a forest reserve in central Sri Lanka to test four predictions regarding elephant behaviour: (1) visits to agricultural areas occur at times of the year when crops are plentiful, (2) elephants exploit these areas by night to avoid interactions with people, (3) increased nocturnal illumination reduces use of agricultural areas, and (4) males make greater use of anthropogenic food sources than family groups. Analysis of camera-trap data confirmed that elephants visited human-dominated areas mostly at night. The frequency of such incursions was not influenced by moon phase for males, but there was a weak effect of moon phase for family groups. Males moved more frequently into human-dominated landscapes than family groups, and their movements showed a distinct seasonal pattern, peaking at times of rice and fruit harvest. Our findings suggest that elephants primarily venture into human-dominated areas to consume crops. Encouraging farmers in areas frequented by elephants to adapt land-use practices (e.g. guarding crops, fencing villages, planting orange/citrus fences) and establish early warning systems could help limit the damage caused by elephants.
Receptive and expressive vocabulary development in children learning English as an additional language: Converging evidence from multiple datasets
Authors: DIXON Chris , HESSEL Annina , SMITH Natalie , NIELSEN Dea , WESIERSKA Marta , OXLEY Emily 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChildren learning English as an additional language (EAL) are a diverse and growing group of pupils in England’s schools. Relative to their monolingual (ML) peers, these children tend to show lower receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge in English, although interpretation of findings is limited by small and heterogeneous samples. In an effort to increase representativeness and power, the present study combined published and unpublished datasets from six cross-sectional and four longitudinal studies investigating the vocabulary development of 434 EAL learners and 342 ML peers (age range: 4;9–11;5) in 42 primary schools. Multilevel modelling confirmed previous findings of significantly lower English vocabulary scores of EAL learners and some degree of convergence in receptive but not expressive knowledge by the end of primary school. Evidence for narrowing of the gap in receptive knowledge was found only in datasets spanning a longer developmental period, hinting at the protracted nature of this convergence.
COVID-19 cases in spectators returning to Finland from UEFA Euro 2020 matches in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Sarvikivi E. , Salminen M. , Savolainen-Kopra C. , Ikonen N. , Kontio M. , Isosomppi S. , Jamanca S. , Hannila-Handelberg T. , Vapalahti O. , Smura T. , Lappalainen M. , Helve O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
UEFA Euro 2020 tournament was scheduled to take place in 2020, but due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was rescheduled to start on 11 June 2021. Approximately 4500 Finnish spectators participated, travelling between Finland and Russia during the period of 16 to 30 June to attend matches played on 16 and 21 June. A total of 419 persons returning from Russia or with a connection to Russia were detected positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Of the 321 sequenced samples 303 turned out to be of the Delta variant. None of these cases was hospitalised. In the following weeks findings of the Delta variant increased rapidly. Thus, EURO 2020 travel-related imported cases likely facilitated this rapid surge of Delta variant, but this impact would likely have been seen with the typical increase in the number of travellers entering Finland later in the summer.
Gender bias in legal corpora and debiasing it
Authors: Sevim Nurullah , Şahinuç Furkan , Koç Aykut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWord embeddings have become important building blocks that are used profoundly in natural language processing (NLP). Despite their several advantages, word embeddings can unintentionally accommodate some gender- and ethnicity-based biases that are present within the corpora they are trained on. Therefore, ethical concerns have been raised since word embeddings are extensively used in several high-level algorithms. Studying such biases and debiasing them have recently become an important research endeavor. Various studies have been conducted to measure the extent of bias that word embeddings capture and to eradicate them. Concurrently, as another subfield that has started to gain traction recently, the applications of NLP in the field of law have started to increase and develop rapidly. As law has a direct and utmost effect on people’s lives, the issues of bias for NLP applications in legal domain are certainly important. However, to the best of our knowledge, bias issues have not yet been studied in the context of legal corpora. In this article, we approach the gender bias problem from the scope of legal text processing domain. Word embedding models that are trained on corpora composed by legal documents and legislation from different countries have been utilized to measure and eliminate gender bias in legal documents. Several methods have been employed to reveal the degree of gender bias and observe its variations over countries. Moreover, a debiasing method has been used to neutralize unwanted bias. The preservation of semantic coherence of the debiased vector space has also been demonstrated by using high-level tasks. Finally, overall results and their implications have been discussed in the scope of NLP in legal domain.
Perceived risk crowds out trust? Trust and public compliance with coronavirus restrictions over the course of the pandemic
Authors: Seyd Ben , Bu Feifei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGovernments rely on citizen compliance for official rules to be effective. Yet achieving compliance is often tricky, particular when individual costs are high. Under what conditions will citizens voluntarily respect collective rules? We explore public compliance with SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) restrictions, focusing on the role of political trust. We anticipate that the effects of trust on compliance will be conditional on the presence of other factors, notably fear of infection. Low levels of fear may provide room for trust to shape compliance; yet high levels of fear may ‘crowd out’ the role of trust. We hypothesize that, at the pandemic’s outset, compliance was likely to be shaped more by fear than by trust. Yet as the pandemic progressed, the impact of fear on compliance was likely to have weakened, and the impact of trust to have strengthened. These hypotheses are tested using longitudinal data from Austria, Germany, and the United Kingdom.