bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memristor‐based logic gate and its application in pulse train controlled Buck converter
Authors: Li Zhaokun , Yu Dongsheng , Ye Zongbin , Iu Herbert H. C. , Fernando Tyrone 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMemristor (MR) has attractive characteristics of nanoscale volume and low‐power dissipation and hence possesses superiorities in designing integrated‐circuits. In this paper, a flux‐controlled binary MR emulator is proposed and discussed by detailing its constitutive mathematical relation between memristance and magnetic flux. MR based logical gates are then constructed and applied to pulse train (PT) controlled Buck converters to improve its output voltage response performance. In order to suppress low‐frequency voltage oscillation of PT controlled Buck converters in continuous conduction mode (CCM), inductor current based PT (IC‐PT) control method using the MR‐based logic gates is newly proposed and analyzed. The sampled simulation and experimental results reveals that the IC‐PT controlled Buck converter by utilizing MR based logic gates can achieve fast transient response and minimized low‐frequency voltage oscillation in CCM mode.
You eat what you find – Local patterns in vegetation structure control diets of African fungus‐growing termites
Authors: Vesala Risto , Rikkinen Aleksi , Pellikka Petri , Rikkinen Jouko , Arppe Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFungus‐growing termites and their symbiotic Termitomyces fungi are critically important carbon and nutrient recyclers in arid and semiarid environments of sub‐Saharan Africa. A major proportion of plant litter produced in these ecosystems is decomposed within nest chambers of termite mounds, where temperature and humidity are kept optimal for the fungal symbionts. While fungus‐growing termites are generally believed to exploit a wide range of different plant substrates, the actual diets of most species remain elusive. We studied dietary niches of two Macrotermes species across the semiarid savanna landscape in the Tsavo Ecosystem, southern Kenya, based on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes in Termitomyces fungus combs. We applied Bayesian mixing models to determine the proportion of grass and woody plant matter in the combs, these being the two major food sources available for Macrotermes species in the region. Our results showed that both termite species, and colonies cultivating different Termitomyces fungi, occupied broad and largely overlapping isotopic niches, indicating no dietary specialization. Including laser scanning derived vegetation cover estimates to the dietary mixing model revealed that the proportion of woody plant matter in fungus combs increased with increasing woody plant cover in the nest surroundings. Nitrogen content of fungus combs was positively correlated with woody plant cover around the mounds and negatively correlated with the proportion of grass matter in the comb. Considering the high N demand of large Macrotermes colonies, woody plant matter seems to thus represent a more profitable food source than grass. As grass is also utilized by grazing mammals, and the availability of grass matter typically fluctuates over the year, mixed woodland‐grasslands and bushlands seem to represent more favorable habitats for large Macrotermes colonies than open grasslands.
Bidentate Coordination of 2‐Aminopyridine (2Apy) in cis‐[Ru(phen)2(2Apy)]2+ Aiming at Photobiological Studies
Authors: Lima Marcia V. S. , Marchi Rafael C. , Cardoso Carolina R. , Cook Nathan P. , Pazin Wallance M. , Kock Flavio V. C. , Venâncio Tiago , Martí Angel A. , Carlos Rose M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis and characterization of the photoluminescent and water‐soluble complex cis‐[Ru(phen)2(2Apy)]2+ (Ru2Apy, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline and 2Apy=2‐aminopyridine), which exhibits spectroscopic and physicochemical properties favorable for biological applications. 1H‐NMR, photoluminescence, and UV‐vis spectroscopy experiments show bidentate coordination of the 2Apy ligand, which leads to a blue shift in the emission spectrum and places the 3MLCT in proximity to the 3MC excited states, thus enabling a photochemical pathway. Under continuous light irradiation at 450 nm, Ru2Apy opens the coordinating site of the NH2 group in 2Apy to form the monoacetonitrile complex cis‐[Ru(phen)2(2Apy)(CH3CN))2+, with a quantum yield of 0.457. Further irradiation leads to a second photoprocess to form the bis‐acetonitrile cis‐[Ru(phen)2(CH3CN)2]2+ complex, with a quantum yield of 0.002. Ru2Apy binds to human serum albumin via non‐covalent interactions with Kb=4.63×10−9 mol L−1, ΔH=−3.4×10−3 kcal mol−1, and ΔS=8.7 kcal mol−1K−1, and displays a moderate inhibition of AChE with an IC50 of 13.2±2.0 μmol L−1. The complex also exhibited high uptake into HeLa cells with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the emissive response of Ru2Apy was be used to assess, in real‐time, the aggregation of Aβ1–40 in a dose‐dependent manner.
Thin film microfluidic reactors in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: A review on influencing parameters, scaling issues, and engineering considerations
Authors: Adnan Faidzul Hakim , Pons Marie‐Noëlle , Mousset Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of microfluidic electrochemical reactors has been introduced several decades ago, but their application in the field of wastewater treatment is more recent (2010). The parallel development of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) as promising technologies for effluent treatment make them good candidates to be implemented as thin film cells. This allows favoring the mass transfer, which is particularly interesting for heterogenous electro‐oxidation. Moreover, the energy requirement is reduced, while there is possibility to treat low‐conductivity solutions. This review intends to provide instructions on the main operating parameters to be optimized during the EAOPs treatment. Directions on engineering aspects have been given to overcome the main drawbacks of microreactors, such as fouling, scaling, and low treatment capacity, based on recent encouraging results given in literature. The promising development of hybrid processes that combine electroseparation with electroconversion would also benefit from such reactor designs.
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of combustion emissions are impacted more by combustor technology than by fuel composition: A brief review
Authors: DeMarini David M. , Linak William P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies during the past 50 years have characterized the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of extractable organic material (EOM) of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air and from combustion emissions. We have summarized conclusions from these studies and present data supporting those conclusions for 50 combustion emissions, including carcinogenic potencies on mouse skin (papillomas/mouse/mg EOM), mutagenic potencies (revertants/μg EOM) in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay, and mutagenicity emission factors (revertants/kg fuel or revertants/MJthermal) in Salmonella. Mutagenic potencies of EOM from PM in ambient air and combustion emissions span 1–2 orders of magnitude, respectively. In contrast, the revertants/m3 span >5 orders of magnitude due to variable PM concentrations in ambient air. Carcinogenic potencies of EOM from combustion emissions on mouse skin and EOM‐associated human lung cancer risk from those emissions both span ~3 orders of magnitude and are highly associated. The ubiquitous presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitroarenes, and aromatic amines results in mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies of PM that span only 1–3 orders of magnitude; most PM induces primarily G to T mutations. Mutagenicity emission factors of combustion emissions span 3–5 orders of magnitude and correlate with PAH emission factors (r > 0.9). Mutagenicity emission factors were largely a function of how material was burned (highly efficient modern combustors versus open burning) rather than what materials were burned. Combustion systems that minimize kinetic and mass‐transfer limitations and promote complete oxidation also minimize the mutagenicity of their emissions. This fundamental engineering principle can inform environmental and public health assessments of combustion emissions.
A complex systems view on the current hypotheses of epilepsy pharmacoresistance
Authors: Servilha‐Menezes Gabriel , Garcia‐Cairasco Norberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrug‐resistant epilepsy remains to this day as a highly prevalent condition affecting around one‐third of patients with epilepsy, despite all the research and the development of several new antiseizure medications (ASMs) over the last decades. Epilepsies are multifactorial complex diseases, commonly associated with psychiatric, neurological, and somatic comorbidities. Thus, to solve the puzzling problem of pharmacoresistance, the diagnosis and modeling of epilepsy and comorbidities need to change toward a complex system approach. In this review, we have summarized the sequence of events for the definition of epilepsies and comorbidities, the search for mechanisms, and the major hypotheses of pharmacoresistance, drawing attention to some of the many converging aspects between the proposed mechanisms, their supporting evidence, and comorbidities‐related alterations. The use of systems biology applied to epileptology may lead to the discovery of new targets and the development of new ASMs, as may advance our understanding of the epilepsies and their comorbidities, providing much deeper insight on multidrug pharmacoresistance.
Two new species and a new record for Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) from northwestern Iran
Authors: Mehrabian Ahmad Reza , Naghizadeh Siavash , Khajoei Nasab Farzaneh , Moradi Zeinab Hossein , Mozaffarian Valiollah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOnosma atrii and O. persica are described and illustrated as new species and O. caucasica Levin is recorded for the first time from northwestern Iran. The two new species are placed in subsect. Asterotricha (Boiss.) Gürke, because of the asterotrichous indumentum (stellate trichomes) of their basal leaves. An extensive review of the literature and comparison with specimens from various European and Asiatic herbaria led to the recognition of these novelties. Our argument for these innovations is based on observation of significant differences in taxonomically important morphological characters including trichome type, shape and size of basal and cauline leaves, shape and size of calyx and corolla, annulus hairs, anther length, connection type and degree of exsertion, and nutlet morphology. The diagnostic morphological characters of closely related species are discussed, and for each new species a detailed description and details of distribution and conservation status are provided. An updated synoptical key to the species known from the Flora Iranica region and Atropatene sub‐province is provided.
Submandibular gland transfer for the prevention of radiation‐induced xerostomia in oropharyngeal cancer: Dosimetric impact in the intensity modulated radiotherapy era
Authors: Kutuk Tugce , McAllister Nicole C. , Rzepczynski Amy E. , Williams Andre , Young Geoffrey , Crawley Meghan B. , Rabinowits Guilherme , Kaiser Adeel , Contreras Jessika A. , Kalman Noah S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubmandibular gland (SMG) transfer decreased radiation‐associated xerostomia in the 2/3‐dimensional radiotherapy era. We evaluated the dosimetric implications of SMG transfer on modern intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans.MethodsEighteen oropharynx cancer patients underwent SMG transfer followed by IMRT; reoptimized plans using the baseline SMG location were generated. Mean salivary gland, oral cavity, and larynx doses were compared between clinical plans and reoptimized plans.ResultsNo statistically significant difference in mean SMG dose (27.53 Gy vs. 29.61 Gy) or total salivary gland dose (26.12 Gy vs. 26.41 Gy) was observed with or without SMG transfer (all p > 0.05). Mean oral cavity and larynx doses were not statistically different. Neither tumor site, target volume crossing midline, stage, nor salivary gland volumes were associated with mean doses.ConclusionsSalivary gland doses were similar with or without SMG transfer. IMRT likely decreases the benefit of SMG transfer on the risk of radiation‐associated xerostomia.
Emerging immunotherapy for HCC: A guide for hepatologists
Authors: Foerster Friedrich , Gairing Simon Johannes , Ilyas Sumera Irie , Galle Peter Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
HCC is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death globally. HCC comprises nearly 90% of all cases of primary liver cancer. Approximately half of all patients with HCC receive systemic therapy during their disease course, particularly in the advanced stages of disease. Immuno‐oncology has been paradigm shifting for the treatment of human cancers, with strong and durable antitumor activity in a subset of patients across a variety of malignancies including HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibition with atezolizumab and bevacizumab, an antivascular endothelial growth factor neutralizing antibody, has become first‐line therapy for patients with advanced HCC. Beyond immune checkpoint inhibition, immunotherapeutic strategies such as oncolytic viroimmunotherapy and adoptive T‐cell transfer are currently under investigation. The tumor immune microenvironment of HCC has significant immunosuppressive elements that may affect response to immunotherapy. Major unmet challenges include defining the role of immunotherapy in earlier stages of HCC, evaluating combinatorial strategies that use targeting of the immune microenvironment plus immune checkpoint inhibition, and identifying treatment strategies for patients who do not respond to the currently available immunotherapies. Herein, we review the rationale, mechanistic basis and supporting preclinical evidence, and available clinical evidence for immunotherapies in HCC as well as ongoing clinical trials of immunotherapy.
Building bridges in China for a more harmonious society: Origins and evolution of personal insolvency in Taiwan and Shenzhen
Authors: Kilborn Jason 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA much‐heralded new law in Shenzhen, China, is not nearly as new as it might appear. The law's past offers revealing and important lessons for its successful future. Effective from March 2021, the ground‐breaking Shenzhen personal bankruptcy regulation is an impressive monument of Chinese legislation, but, contrary to what has been commonly announced, it is not the first Chinese personal insolvency law. Rather, Shenzhen's statute was founded on, and still reveals vestiges of, a predecessor law with a rich background of informative development. The origin law emerged 13 years earlier across the Strait in Taiwan. Although it was originally based on this Taiwanese law, the Shenzhen successor has powerfully evolved to take into account lessons from earlier struggles in Taiwan and the rest of the world, as catalogued in a landmark report by the World Bank. The Shenzhen model thus embodies an especially elegant product of building bridges from common experience in both East and West leading toward common goals. This article charts the progression of policy choices and results in Taiwan, through the decades of trial and error analyzed in the World Bank report, and culminating in the state‐of‐the‐art new Shenzhen regulation, which is poised for potential rollout to all of Mainland China.
Canine hypothyroidism: avoiding over diagnosing the condition
Authors: Spence Susanna 
Published: March 2022

Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the most commonly treated endocrine disorders in dogs; however, the diagnosis of this condition can be challenging, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. The clinical signs of hypothyroidism are vague and non‐specific, as are the routine haematological and biochemical changes. When assessing the thyroid axis, the classical finding of decreased total thyroxine and increased thyroid‐stimulating hormone is highly specific for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but has less good sensitivity. Although numerous other tests are available, a basic understanding of thyroid gland physiology and thyroid test methodology is needed to be able to use each test and interpret the results correctly.Aim of the article: This article discusses how to confidently diagnose the condition, explaining how clinicians need to consider the clinical signs, routine clinicopathological changes and thyroid hormone concentrations together, rather than in isolation.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription family is a prognostic marker associated with immune infiltration in endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhou Xin‐Ying , Dai Hai‐Yan , Zhang Hu , Zhu Jian‐Long , Hu Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSignal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) is a unique protein family that binds to DNA and plays a vital role in regulating major physiological cellular processes. Seven STAT genes have been identified in the human genome. Several studies suggest STAT family members to be involved in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. However, the predictive relationship between STAT family expression and immune cell infiltration in endometrial cancer remains unknown.MethodsWe explored STAT family expression and prognosis in endometrial cancer using various databases. The STRING, GeneMANIA, and DAVID databases, along with GO and KEGG analyses, were used to construct a protein interaction network of related genes. Finally, the TIMER database and ssGSEA immune infiltration algorithm were used to investigate the correlation of STAT family expression with the immune infiltration level in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC).ResultsOur study showed that different STAT family members are differentially expressed in UCEC. STAT1 and STAT2 expression increased at various stages of UCEC, and STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 levels were decreased. STAT3 and STAT4 expression was not significantly different between UCEC and normal tissues. High STAT1 expression may be a prognostic disadvantage of UCEC, and high STAT6 expression may improve UCEC patient prognosis. The STAT family‐associated genes were significantly enriched in signal transduction, protein binding, DNA binding, and ATP binding upon GO analysis. Related genes in the KEGG analysis were mainly enriched in pathways in cancer, viral carcinogenesis, chemokine signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In terms of immune infiltration, STAT1 and STAT2 were positively correlated with B, CD8+ T, CD4+ T, and dendritic cells, and neutrophils (p < 0.05). All STAT family members were positively correlated with neutrophils and dendritic cells (p < 0.05). STAT1 and STAT2 showed similar correlations with all immune cell types, whereas STAT1 and STAT6 showed opposite correlations.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the STAT family is a prognostic marker, and the immune infiltration level, a therapeutic target, for endometrial cancer.
The citizenship shield: Mediated and moderated links between immigration status, discrimination, food insecurity, and negative health outcomes for latinx immigrants during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cadenas Germán A. , Cerezo Alison , Carlos Chavez Fiorella L. , Capielo Rosario Cristalis , Torres Lucas , Suro Beatriz , Fuentes Mercedez , Sanchez Delida 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA framework termed “the citizenship shield” is introduced to conceptualize how legal protections buffer against negative health outcomes among Latinx immigrants in the United States. In this study, we tested the citizenship shield framework in the context of the disproportionate impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Latinx immigrants. We investigated the connection between immigration status, discrimination, food insecurity, and negative health outcomes. Analyses involved testing mediation and moderation models among a community‐based sample of 536 Latinx immigrants holding five statuses (i.e., U.S. citizenship, permanent residency, Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, undocumented, and temporary status). Results suggested that food insecurity mediated the link between discrimination and negative impacts from the pandemic for Latinx immigrants across all statuses. Follow up analyses suggested that two of the three paths were moderated by immigration status. This research provides novel, important data to inform health interventions and federal policy targeted for the most vulnerable immigrants in the United States.
Ultrasonographic scoring system for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion
Authors: Chen Yan , Liu Min , Zhang Meilian , Yang Minmin , Weng Zongjie , Wu Qiumei , He Suhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo establish the utility of an ultrasonographic scoring system for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzing 358 adnexal torsion cases. Using Pearson's χ2 test we determined whether ultrasonographic signs were significantly associated with adnexal torsion. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the system. Ultimately by using binary logistic regression we established a precise and convenient scoring system.ResultsThe torsion score was based on five criteria that were identified to be independently associated with adnexal torsion: (1) abnormal position of the index adnexa (odds ratio [OR], 2.311); (2) presence of a mass or cyst (OR, 3.495); (3) unilateral ovarian enlargement (OR, 3.051); (4) vascular pedicle twisting (OR, 2.105); and (5) peripheral hypervascularity of the corpus luteum with ovarian edema(encapsulating cyst sign) (OR, 4.164).patients with torsion who scored 0, have a predicted diagnosis rate of 20.9%; patients whose scores were 1,2 have a predicted probability of 41.8% and 66.15%, respectively. For patients with torsion scores of 3, 4, and 5, predicted diagnosis rates were 84.16%, 93.52%, and 98.27%, respectively.ConclusionThe ultrasonographic scoring system is feasible and precisely diagnoses adnexal torsion using ultrasound.
Influence of chlorhexidine digluconate on biocompatibility of cements: Morphological and immunohistochemistry analysis
Authors: de Morais Sampaio Gêisa Aiane , de Meneses Izaura Helena Chaves , Vieira Rayssa Amaral , Pithon Matheus Melo , Alves Polliana Muniz , Lacerda‐Santos Rogério 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, the in vivo biocompatibility was evaluated by using conventional ionomer cements modified with Chlorhexidine (CHX) in different time intervals. In total, 105 male Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups: control, groups M, M10, M18 and groups RL, RL10, RL18 (M‐Meron and RL‐RivaLuting, and added CHX‐10% and CHX‐18%, respectively). Histological analyses of inflammatory infiltrate and collagen fibers, and immunohistochemistry of CD68+ for macrophages (MOs) and multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) were performed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn (p < .05) tests. Intense inflammatory infiltrate was demonstrated in Group Riva CHX‐18% within 7 and 15 days (p < .05), without differences after 30 days. For collagenization, healing of the groups was compatible with that of control in 15 and 30 days (p > .05). Immunomarking of CD68+ was more significant in the groups with higher concentration of CHX. There was significant difference in quantity of MGCs in groups with 18% CHX, Meron (p = .001) in 7 days, and in Riva at 30 days (p = .001). Significant difference was also found in quantities of MOs in Groups Meron and Riva in 7 days (p = .001), and only in Riva at 15 and 30 days (p = .001). The cements with addition of CHX demonstrated biocompatibility with tissues. Riva CHX‐18% had the most effect on cells of the inflammatory process but showed satisfactory tissue repair.Research HighlightsThe concentration of 18% chlorhexidine was shown to be biocompatible with tissues; the slow release of chlorhexidine by the cements could significantly prolong its antibacterial effect on the oral medium.