bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Dispersed Cu Sites on Dual‐Mesoporous N‐Doped Carbon for Efficient Ammonia Electrosynthesis from Nitrate
Authors: Xu Mengqiu , Xie Qifan , Duan Delong , Zhang Ye , Zhou Yuhu , Zhou Haiqiao , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Yao , Gao Peng , Ye Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe industrial Haber‐Bosch process for ammonia synthesis is extremely important in modern society. However, it is energy intensive and leads to severe pollution, which has motivated eco‐friendly NH3 synthesis research. Electroreduction of contaminant nitrate ions back to NH3 is an effective complement but is still limited by low NH3 yields and nitrate‐to‐NH3 selectivities. In this study, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NTRR) is carried out over a single‐atom Cu catalyst. Atomically dispersed Cu sites anchored on dual‐mesoporous N‐doped carbon framework display excellent NTRR performance with NH3 production rate of 13.8 mol
gcat−1 h−1 and NO3−‐to‐NH3 faradaic efficiency (FE) of 95.5 % at −1.0 V. Cu−N−C catalyst can sustain continuous 120 h NTRR test in the simulated NH3 synthesis scenarios with large current density (about 200 mA cm−2) and amplified volume of NO3− solution (9 times). Theoretical calculations reveal that atomically dispersed Cu1−N4 sites reduce the energy barrier of potential‐determining step in NTRR and promote the decomposition of primary intermediate in NO3−‐to‐N2 process. These findings provide a guideline for the rational design of highly active, selective and durable electrocatalysts for the NTRR.
BSCL2/Seipin deficiency in hearts causes cardiac energy deficit and dysfunction via inducing excessive lipid catabolism
Authors: Zhou Hongyi , Li Jie , Su Huabo , Li Ji , Lydic Todd A. , Young Martin E , Chen Weiqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is associated with cardiac metabolic perturbations. Human Type 2 Berardinelli‐Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy (BSCL2) disease is caused by mutations in the BSCL2 gene. Global lipodystrophic Bscl2−/− mice exhibit hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with reduced cardiac steatosis. Whether BSCL2 plays a direct role in regulating cardiac substrate metabolism and/or contractile function remains unknown.MethodsWe generated mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific deletion of Bscl2 (Bscl2cKO) and studied their cardiac substrate utilisation, bioenergetics, lipidomics and contractile function under baseline or after either a treatment regimen using fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor trimetazidine (TMZ) or a prevention regimen with high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mice with partial ATGL deletion and cardiac‐specific deletion of Bscl2 were also generated followed by cardiac phenotyping.ResultsDifferent from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Bscl2−/− mice, mice with cardiac‐specific deletion of Bscl2 developed systolic dysfunction with dilation. Myocardial BSCL2 deletion led to elevated ATGL expression and FAO along with reduced cardiac lipid contents. Cardiac dysfunction in Bscl2cKO mice was independent of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, but associated with decreased metabolic reserve and ATP levels. Importantly, cardiac dysfunction in Bscl2cKO mice could be partially reversed by FAO inhibitor TMZ, or prevented by genetic abolishment of one ATGL allele or HFD feeding. Lipidomic analysis further identified markedly reduced glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, NEFA and acylcarnitines in Bscl2cKO hearts, which were partially normalised by TMZ or HFD.ConclusionsWe identified a new form of cardiac dysfunction with excessive lipid utilisation which ultimately causes cardiac substrate depletion and bioenergetics failure. Our findings also uncover a crucial role of BSCL2 in controlling cardiac lipid catabolism and contractile function and provide novel insights into metabolically treating energy‐starved HF using FAO inhibitor or HFD.
CD155/SRC complex promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via inhibiting the p38 MAPK signalling pathway and correlates with poor prognosis
Authors: Jin An‐Li , Zhang Chun‐Yan , Zheng Wen‐Jing , Xian Jing‐Rong , Yang Wen‐Jing , Liu Te , Chen Wei , Li Tong , Wang Bei‐Li , Pan Bai‐Shen , Li Qian , Cheng Jian‐Wen , Wang Peng‐Xiang , Hu Bo , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Yang Xin‐Rong , Guo Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy with poor prognosis. As a cell adhesion molecule, poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) is abnormally overexpressed in tumour cells, and related to tumour proliferation and invasion. However, the potential role and mechanism of CD155 have not yet been elucidated in HCC.MethodsImmunohistochemistry, RT‐PCR and Western blot assays were used to determine CD155 expression in HCC cell lines and tissues. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assays were used to examine cell proliferation. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were assessed by flow cytometry. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to explore the clinical significance of CD155. The role of CD155 in vivo was evaluated by establishing liver orthotropic xenograft mice model. RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and co‐immunoprecipitation assay were used to explore the downstream signalling pathway of CD155.ResultsCD155 was upregulated in HCC tissues and represented a promising prognostic indicator for HCC patients (n = 189) undergoing curative resection. High CD155 expression enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and contributed to cell survival in HCC. CD155 overexpression also induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition in HCC cells. CD155 function in HCC involved SRC/p38 MAPK signalling pathway. CD155 interacted with SRC homology‐2 domain of SRC and promoted SRC activation, further inhibiting the downstream p38 MAPK signalling pathway in HCC.ConclusionsCD155 promotes HCC progression via the SRC/p38 MAPK signalling pathway. CD155 may represent a predictor for poor postsurgery prognosis in HCC patients.
A Highly Fluorescent σ‐Bonded Platinum(II) Diketopyrrolopyrrole Complex
Authors: Kamioka Misaki , Wang Yitong , Mori Shigeki , Furuta Hiroyuki , Shimizu Soji 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA σ‐bonded platinum(II) diketopyrrolopyrrole (Pt‐DPP) complex was synthesized from a reaction of p‐pinacolatoborylphenyl‐substituted DPP with dichloro(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)platinum(II), followed by a ligand exchange reaction with triphenylphosphine. The Pt‐DPP complex is highly fluorescent not only in solution but also in the solid state. From the comparison of the emission properties with those of N‐benzyl‐DPPs bearing phenyl and p‐bromophenyl substituents, the intense emission of the Pt‐DPP complex is ascribed to the DPP‐centered fluorescence. In the solid state, aggregation‐caused quenching is mitigated by the well‐segregated molecular packing due to the bulky triphenylphosphine ligands. The facile synthesis and unique fluorescence properties of the Pt‐DPP complex are beneficial for creating DPP‐based functional chromophores.
Exploring the Research Progress about the Applications of Cyclodextrins and Nanomaterials in Electroanalysis
Authors: Fritea Luminiţa , Tertiş Mihaela , Cristea Cecilia , Săndulescu Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyclodextrins and nanomaterials are widely used in the achievement of powerful platforms in supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology. The relatively hydrophobic internal cavity of the CDs selectively retains molecules having the proper geometry, while the hydrophilic exterior allows CDs to improve the dispersibility and molecular recognition. The nanomaterials provide higher surface area, good conductivity, and electrocatalytic effect. The use of nanomaterials and CDs in electrochemical sensors’ design allows the development of a large variety of devices, explaining the increasing number of papers in the last years that are discussed in this review.
Upscaling ground‐based structural glaciological investigations via satellite remote sensing to larger‐scale ice masses: Bylot Island, Canadian Arctic
Authors: Jennings Stephen J. A. , Hambrey Michael J. , Moorman Brian J. , Holt Tom O. , Glasser Neil F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing satellite remote sensing, this study aims to assess the validity of upscaling ground‐based structural observations of small valley glaciers, to larger‐scale ice masses that are too vast or inaccessible for field‐study or ground‐truthing. Focusing on four adjacent valley glaciers on Bylot Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada, we establish that ground‐based structural observations from two smaller (Stagnation and Fountain Glaciers) can be used to interpret the structures visible in optical satellite imagery in two much larger glaciers (Aktineq and Sermilik Glaciers). All the glaciers investigated have prominent longitudinal lineations, which are interpreted from ground observations to be longitudinal foliation. Other structures that were identified include primary stratification, crevasses, crevasse traces, and thrust‐faults. Strong longitudinal foliation is concentrated at flow‐unit boundaries, with differential ablation of ice facies commonly resulting in a ridge‐and‐furrow supraglacial topography that controls supraglacial streams and debris concentrations. Consequently, areas of strong foliation appear darker than areas of weak foliation in satellite imagery. As coarser resolution imagery is utilized to map large‐scale ice masses, sub‐pixel structural information is lost. Individual lineations mapped in coarser resolution imagery therefore probably comprise groups of clustered foliation at the sub‐pixel scale. Lateral narrowing measurements and calculated one‐dimensional strain across zones of longitudinal foliation are assessed as a tool for identifying large‐scale surface strain patterns, in particular large‐scale pure shear regimes. These one‐dimensional strain measurements suggest that flow‐unit boundaries are areas that undergo considerable cumulative strains. The upscaling approach used here can be applied to the largest ice masses, notably the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Heterogenously‐expressed chitosanase combining a green ball milling method for enzymatic degradation
Authors: Su Haipeng , Sun Jianan , Guo Chaoran , Jia Zhenrong , Mao Xiangzhao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChitooligosaccharides (COSs) and d‐glucosamine (GlcN), the most valuable biomolecules due to their various physiological functions, can be available inexpensively from chitosan by bio‐enzymatic degradation, in which chitosanases play a key role. On the other hand, pretreatment of chitosan is the necessary procedure in the bioproduction by enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, the green and efficient pretreatment strategy as well as superior enzyme activity are the most critical aspects in scaled up production. This study investigated environmentally friendly and efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of powdery chitosan (PC) pretreated by ball‐milling. First, heterologous expression yielded OUC‐CsnPT, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase with a predominant specific activity of 5346.56 U/mg at pH 6.0°C and 45°C. The endo‐type chitosanase OUC‐CsnPT hydrolyzed chitosan to produce GlcN and chitobiose [(GlcN)2]. Then, ball‐milling was employed to pretreat PC to promote chitosanase OUC‐CsnPT hydrolysis, and the effectiveness was characterized by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and FTIR‐attenuated total reflection. Through the development of the novel route, the yield of COSs and GlcN for ball‐milling powdery chitosan increased by 10.8‐folds with a concentration of 14.5 μmol/ml. Hence, this technique presents a promising strategy suited to be a straightforward and environmentally friendly option for oligosaccharides production, broadening the theoretical basis for PC biodegradation.
A global dataset on subgrid land surface climate (2015–2100) from the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Zhang Keer , Lee Xuhui , Schultz Natalie M. , Zhao Lei , He Chunyang , Huang Qingxu , Liu Zhifeng , Chu Haoran , Zhao Jiayu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubgrid data from earth system models are a powerful, yet underutilized, data resource for investigating the climatic impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC). In this paper, we describe a global dataset on subgrid land surface climate variables produced by the Community Earth System Model in a fully coupled mode. The simulation was conducted at a 0.9° × 1.25° resolution under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario from 2015 to 2100. Data are archived for eight subgrid tiles (urban, rural, tree, grass, shrub, bare soil, crop and lake) and include variables on the physical state, surface energy fluxes, runoff and atmospheric forcing conditions. Archival intervals are monthly, daily and hourly. Meta data on land surface parameters are also available. The data files are stored in NetCDF‐4 (Network Common Data Form, version 4) format and the meta data follow the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 standards. We anticipate that this dataset will become a useful resource for characterizing local climate changes due to LULCC. This dataset can be downloaded from the Harvard Dataverse (https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HUXAH6).
Genotype Value Decomposition: Simple Methods for the Computation of Kernel Statistics
Authors: Misawa Kazuharu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent advances in sequencing technologies enable genome‐wide analyses for thousands of individuals. The sequential kernel association test (SKAT) is a widely used method to test for associations between a phenotype and a set of rare variants. As the sample size of human genetics studies increases, the computational time required to calculate a kernel is becoming more and more problematic. In this study, a new method to obtain kernel statistics without calculating a kernel matrix is proposed. A simple method for the computation of two kernel statistics, namely, a kernel statistic based on a genetic relationship matrix (GRM) and one based on an identity by state (IBS) matrix, are proposed. By using this method, calculation of the kernel statistics can be conducted using vector calculation without matrix calculation. The proposed method enables one to conduct SKAT for large samples of human genetics.
Two distinct subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder revealed by heterogeneity through discriminative analysis
Authors: Han Shaoqiang , Xu Yinhuan , Guo Hui‐Rong , Fang Keke , Wei Yarui , Liu Liang , Cheng Junying , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNeurobiological heterogeneity in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is understudied leading to conflicting neuroimaging findings. Therefore, we investigated objective neuroanatomical subtypes of OCD by adopting a newly proposed method based on gray matter volumes (GMVs). GMVs were derived from T1‐weighted anatomical images of patients with OCD (n = 100) and matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 106). We first inquired whether patients with OCD presented higher interindividual variability HCs in terms of GMVs. Then, we identified distinct subtypes of OCD by adopting heterogeneity through discriminative analysis (HYDRA), where regional GMVs were treated as features. Patients with OCD presented higher interindividual variability than HCs, suggesting a high structural heterogeneity of OCD. HYDRA identified two distinct robust subtypes of OCD presenting opposite neuroanatomical aberrances compared with HCs, while sharing indistinguishable clinical and demographic features. Specifically, Subtype 1 exhibited widespread increased GMVs in cortical and subcortical regions, including the orbitofrontal gyrus, right anterior insula, bilateral hippocampus, and bilateral parahippocampus and cerebellum. Subtype 2 demonstrated overall decreased GMVs in regions such as the orbitofrontal gyrus, right anterior insula, and precuneus. When mixed together, none of patients presented significant differences compared with HCs. In addition, the total intracranial volume of Subtype 2 was significantly correlated with the total score of the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale while that of Subtype 1 was not. These results identified two distinct neuroanatomical subtypes, providing a possible explanation for conflicting neuroimaging findings, and proposed a potential objective taxonomy contributing to precise clinical diagnosis and treatment in OCD.
Consecutive chorioangiomas in the same pregnancy: A clinical case and review of literature
Authors: Germano Chiara , Pilloni Eleonora , Rolfo Alessandro , Botta Giovanni , Parpinel Giulia , Cortese Paolo , Cotrino Ilenia , Attini Rossella , Revelli Alberto , Masturzo Bianca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAetiopathogenesis of chorioangioma is already unknown. Among the risk factors, hypoxia, environmental and genetic factors are believed to induce the overexpression of angiogenic cytokines promoting vascular proliferation. We reported a case of prenatally diagnosed 67 mm‐wide placental chorioangioma, which occurred at 32 weeks of gestational age, infarcted, and followed by the onset of a second infarcted chorioangioma at 35 weeks of gestational age. Besides, we discussed the hypothesis of chorioangioma aetiopathogenesis and behavior through a literature summary.MethodsWe carried out a literature search of chorioangioma cases without a time interval. Therefore, we carried out a literature summary on chorioangioma risk factors and etiology, by selecting articles within a time interval from 1995 to 2021.ResultsThis is the first case of two consecutive chorioangiomas in the same pregnancy published in the literature. We found a possible genetic predisposition in women developing chorioangioma while infarction may be related to the abnormal structure of tumor vessels. The onset of a second lesion could reflect hypoxic stimuli following infarction and involves hypoxia‐induced factor‐1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor‐beta, and soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 pathways. Chorangiosis can be coexistent and may reflect a mutual etiology in susceptible individuals.ConclusionIn a predisposed placenta, that previously generated a chorioangioma, infarction of the chorioangioma should not represent a sign for pregnancy termination, but a marker for closer monitoring to early detect the possible onset of a second chorioangioma and a higher risk of umbilical cord thrombosis.
Cancer cell membrane‐derived nanoparticles block the expression of immune checkpoint proteins on cancer cells and coordinate modulatory activity on immunosuppressive macrophages
Authors: Comparetti Edson J. , Lins Paula M. P. , Quitiba João , Zucolotto Valtencir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCancer is the most recurrent chronic disease in the world, with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the second leading cause of death among neoplasias. The high frequency of HCC relapse and metastasis warrants the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In advanced stages, neoplastic cells can evade immune surveillance and express immunosuppressive proteins and cytokines at tumor sites. Nanocomposites conjugated with immunomodulatory agents can increase the main mechanisms of cellular immunity. In this study, we used nanocarriers to transport oligonucleotide sequences (siRNAs) into cancer cells and leukocytes to modulate the activity of tumor microenvironment cells in vitro. Cell membrane‐derived nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized with lipids and proteins from the plasma membrane of hepatic tumor cells to deliver a large amount of antigenic material to professional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), following their exposure to HCC and immunosuppressive macrophages. To establish a pro‐inflammatory response, pure lipid MNPs were incorporated with monophosphoryl lipid A and siRNA to silence the c‐MYC (myelocytomatosis) oncogene. Nanocarriers were tested for the following: (a) NP internalization into cancer and immunocompetent cells; (b) immunomodulatory activity by observing the expression of cell surface markers; and (c) in vitro cytotoxicity. The adsorption of plasma proteins on the MNPs surface and their effects on cellular uptake were also investigated. Our results indicate that the nanostructures are stable in biological suspensions, and can reduce CD47 and PD‐L1 expression on cancer cells and simultaneously switch APC activity for an anti‐tumor response.
Development and early diagnosis of critical illness myopathy in COVID‐19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Rodriguez Belén , Branca Mattia , Gutt‐Will Marielena , Roth Marianne , Söll Nicole , Nansoz Sandra , Cameron David R. , Tankisi Hatice , Tan S. Veronica , Bostock Hugh , Raabe Andreas , Schefold Joerg C. , Jakob Stephan M. , Z'Graggen Werner J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has greatly increased the incidence and clinical importance of critical illness myopathy (CIM), because it is one of the most common complications of modern intensive care medicine. Current diagnostic criteria only allow diagnosis of CIM at an advanced stage, so that patients are at risk of being overlooked, especially in early stages. To determine the frequency of CIM and to assess a recently proposed tool for early diagnosis, we have followed a cohort of COVID‐19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and compared the time course of muscle excitability measurements with the definite diagnosis of CIM.MethodsAdult COVID‐19 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital Bern, Switzerland requiring mechanical ventilation were recruited and examined on Days 1, 2, 5, and 10 post‐intubation. Clinical examination, muscle excitability measurements, medication record, and laboratory analyses were performed on all study visits, and additionally nerve conduction studies, electromyography and muscle biopsy on Day 10. Muscle excitability data were compared with a cohort of 31 age‐matched healthy subjects. Diagnosis of definite CIM was made according to the current guidelines and was based on patient history, results of clinical and electrophysiological examinations as well as muscle biopsy.ResultsComplete data were available in 31 out of 44 recruited patients (mean [SD] age, 62.4 [9.8] years). Of these, 17 (55%) developed CIM. Muscle excitability measurements on Day 10 discriminated between patients who developed CIM and those who did not, with a diagnostic precision of 90% (AUC 0.908; 95% CI 0.799–1.000; sensitivity 1.000; specificity 0.714). On Days 1 and 2, muscle excitability parameters also discriminated between the two groups with 73% (AUC 0.734; 95% CI 0.550–0.919; sensitivity 0.562; specificity 0.857) and 82% (AUC 0.820; CI 0.652–0.903; sensitivity 0.750; specificity 0.923) diagnostic precision, respectively. All critically ill COVID‐19 patients showed signs of muscle membrane depolarization compared with healthy subjects, but in patients who developed CIM muscle membrane depolarization on Days 1, 2 and 10 was more pronounced than in patients who did not develop CIM.ConclusionsThis study reports a 55% prevalence of definite CIM in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. Furthermore, the results confirm that muscle excitability measurements may serve as an alternative method for CIM diagnosis and support its use as a tool for early diagnosis and monitoring the development of CIM.