bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction and preconcentration of parabens in liquid pharmaceutical samples by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent
Authors: sahebian SAMANEH , Razavi N. , Foroutan F. , Khaki J.Vahdati 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using deep eutectic solvent, as one of extraction solvent was considered for preconcentration and determination of parabens in liquid pharmaceutical samples. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride (ChCl) hydrogen bond acceptor) and hydrogen bond donor (glucose) was provided the highest extraction efficiency. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were selected to prove that the synthesis of DES was done successfully. The Liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was used for analysis of paraben species. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized through univariate analysis and experimental design. Under the optimal conditions (pH of aqueous solution: 4.5, ethanol as the disperser solvent, glucose DES as the extraction solvent) the linearity range of 0.1-5000 ng mL−1 was obtained with the coefficient of determination (R2) ranging in 0.993-0.9962. Limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.04 – 0.15 ng mL−1 with the relative standard deviations from 1.78–6.85%. The developed method was applied to determination of parabens in liquid pharmaceuticals such as ampule, syrups and nose drop samples. The relative recoveries in these real samples were in the range of 80.95-103.12%.
Toxoplasma Gondii Dense Granule Protein 3 Promotes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Activating the PERK Pathway
Authors: Obed Cudjoe , Wu Minmin , Chen Ying , An Ran , Cai Haijian , Luo Qingli , Yu Li , Wang Jie , Liu Fang , Shen Jilong , Du Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic single-celled parasite that can infect mammals and birds. Central nervous system infection with T. gondii infection can lead to Toxoplasma encephalitis. Toxoplasma infection can cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which ultimately can lead to apoptosis of host cells. The dense granule protein GRA3 has been identified as one of the secretory proteins that contribute to the virulence of T. gondii; however, the mechanism remains enigmatic.
Methods
The expression of GRA3 gene in RH, ME49, Wh3 and Wh6 strains were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR). pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 was created by inserting Chinese 1 Wh6 GRA3 (GRA3Wh6) cDNA into a plasmid encoding the enhanced GFP. Mouse neuro2a (N2a) cells were transfected with either pEGFP or pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 and incubated for 24-36 hr. N2a cell apoptosis- and ER stress-associated proteins were determined using flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Furthermore, N2a cells were pretreated with GSK2656157 and Z-ATAD-FMK before pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 transfection, and the effect of the inhibitors on GRA3Wh6-induced ER stress and apoptosis was investigated.
Results
GRA3 gene expression was higher in the avirulent strains of type II ME49 and type Chinese 1 Wh6 strains compared to the virulent strains of type I RH strain and type Chinese 1 Wh3 strain. Transfection with pEGFP-GRA3Wh6 induced neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, cleaved caspase-12, cleaved caspase-3, and CHOP compared to pEGFP. Pretreatment with GSK2656157 and Z-ATAD-FMK decreased apoptosis in N2a cells, and similarly, ER stress- and apoptosis-associated protein levels were significantly decreased.
Conclusion
GRA3 induces neural cell apoptosis via the ER stress signaling pathway, which could play a role in Toxoplasmic encephalitis.
The ground states for the non-cooperative autonomous systems involving the fractional Laplacian
Authors: Li Suhong , Wu Limeng , He Shiqian , Zhang Lingmin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to study the the following non-cooperative autonomous systems involving the fractional Laplacian(−∆)su + λu = g(v), in RN,(−∆)sv + λv = f(u), in RN,where s ∈ (0, 1), N > 2s, λ > 0, (−∆)s is the fractional Laplacian and f and g are power-type nonlinearities having super-linear and subcritical growth at infinity. We establish the existence of the ground states of the system through variational methods. The variational frame associated to the system is strongly indefinite, which is different from the one of the single equation case and the one of a cooperative type. Furthermore, some properties of the solutions such as regularity, symmetry and decay are also discussed. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2020): 35Q40, 49J35, 34A08, 47J30.
X-Ray Fluorescence as a Method of Characterizing Inorganic Pigment Patterns in the Work of Julian Onderdonk.
Authors: Dostal Christopher 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study utilized portable X-Ray fluorescence to analyze pigment patterns in 33 paintings by Julian Onderdonk, a 19th-20th century Texas impressionist. This analysis led to the identification of distinctive pigment preferences for Onderdonk at different periods of his career. Using the pigment preference patterns identified in the paintings that were dated by the artist, undated works were analyzed and assigned to different periods in the artists career based on their pigment patterns. This study represents a non-destructive method for organizing the artist’s work without solely relying on stylistic changes.
Interfacial evolution and mechanical behavior of explosively welded titanium/steel joint under subsequent heat treatment process
Authors: Wu Tong , Yang Chunli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The TA2/15CrNi3MoV clad plates were fabricated by explosive welding and then were heat-treated in the temperature range of 700-1000 ℃ for 30 min. Its microstructure and tensile strength were investigated and the results elucidated that the heat treatment process accelerated the interdiffusion of constituent elements (e.g., Fe, Ti and C) at the TA2/15CrNi3MoV interface, thus resulting in the formation of FeTi, Fe2Ti and TiC. For the samples heat-treated at 700 ℃, a continuous TiC layer was generated at the TA2/15CrNi3MoV interface, which hampered the formation of FeTi and Fe2Ti. However, for the samples heat-treated at 800 ℃, the continuous TiC layer was broken up, resulting in a significant increase in the Fe-Ti layer to 1.21 μm. This resulted in a dramatic drop in tensile strength to 329.2 MPa. For samples heat-treated in the temperature range of 900-1000 ℃, the thickness of the brittle Fe-Ti layer was increased dramatically, leading to a rapid drop in tensile strength.
One-year surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from vulnerable urban communities in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Mikaela Renata Funada , Garcia Suzi Cristina , Bruni Antonio de Castro , Machado Flávio Silva , de Oliveira Roberto Xavier , Dropa Milena , da Costa Antonio Charlys , Leal Elcio , Brandão Carlos Jesus , da Silva Renan Lourenço Oliveira , Iko Beatriz Yukie , Kondo Victor Kenji Matsuoka , de Araújo Ronalda Silva , da Silveira Vanessa Barbosa , de Andrade Tatiane Montes , Nunes Danilo Rosa , Janini Luiz Mário Ramos , Braconi Carla Torres , Maricato Juliana Terzi , Sato Maria Inês Zanoli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the vulnerability of communities living in the urban outskirts and informal settlements. The lack of reliable COVID-19 case data highlights the importance and application of wastewater-based epidemiology. This study aimed to monitor the COVID-19 trends in four vulnerable urban communities (slums and low-income neighborhoods) in metropolitan São Paulo by assessing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load in wastewater. We analyzed 160 samples from May 2020 to June 2021 with weekly or fortnightly samplings. The samples were ultracentrifuged with glycine elution and quantified by N1/N2 SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR. The results of positivity were 100% (Paraisópolis, Heliópolis and Cidade Tiradentes) and 76.9% (Vila Brasilândia). The new case numbers of COVID-19, counted from the onset of symptoms, positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 N1 viral loads from the two largest communities (p&lt;0.001). SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was tested in Vero E6 cells after concentration with the two techniques, ultrafiltration (Centricon® Plus-70 10 kDa) and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation, but none of the evaluated samples presented positive results. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis from samples collected in March and August 2021 revealed the presence of the clade 20 J (lineage P.1) belonging to the most prevalent circulating variant in the country. Our results showed that wastewater surveillance data can be used as complementary indicators to monitor the dynamics and temporal trends of COVID-19. The infectivity test results strengthened the evidence of low risk of infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.
Enterotoxins as a molecular marker of water quality
Authors: Gemeda Shibabaw Tadesse , Desta Adey Feleke , Gari Sirak Robele , Jass Jana , Woldemedhin Wude Mihret , Haileyesus Misrak Netsere 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Safety of improved water supplies using enterotoxins as a molecular marker is evaluated. Water samples were collected from 248 households and tested for enterotoxins using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relationships between the presence of at least one enterotoxin and independent variables were investigated using Chi-square (χ2), Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression. Some 156 enterotoxin biomarkers were detected, 39% of samples had at least one, and 17% had multiple varieties. EAST1 was detected in the highest proportion of samples (33%) and Sta in the lowest (2%). Shallow groundwater sources yielded 18% less enterotoxins than water from piped systems, a statistically significant result (P=0.031). A lower proportion of enterotoxins was detected in relation to those who did not know and use cloth filters than those with knowledge of them, and the negative association is statistically significant (P=0.017). It was shown that water samples in which total coliform (TC) colonies were detected were more likely to contain enterotoxins than those without (P=0.001). It is concluded that enterotoxin molecular markers can be used to monitor water safety.
Targeting Ferroptosis Pathways: A Novel Strategy for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Maru Devangkumar , Hothi Akhil , Bagariya Chintan , Kumar Anmol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent nonapoptotic kind of regulated cell death resulting from
the destruction of redox balance in the cytosol. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis is caused by an increase
in intracellular iron and lipid peroxides that causes significant damage to the membrane lipid bilayer
and mitochondria leading to cell death. Increased iron level in the cell promotes ROS production.
Ferroptosis inducer molecules increase ROS production and inhibit the antioxidant defence mechanism
to facilitate ferroptosis in cancer cells. Inhibition of GPX4, redox-active iron availability, and
lipid peroxidation are major contributors to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in many diseases like
heart disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Ferroptosis induction recently emerged as an
attractive strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis,
its different hallmarks, including genetic and metabolic regulators and inducers that promote
ferroptosis in the cancer cells. Finally, the latest progress and development in ferroptosis research in
different cancers focusing on proposing a novel strategy in cancer therapy are discussed.
Changes in Histaminergic System in Neuropsychiatric Disorders and the
Potential Treatment Consequences
Authors: Shan Ling , Swaab Dick F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
In contrast to that of other monoamine neurotransmitters, the association of the histaminergic
system with neuropsychiatric disorders is not well documented. In the last two decades,
several clinical studies involved in the development of drugs targeting the histaminergic system
have been reported. These include the H3R-antagonist/inverse agonist, pitolisant, used for the treatment
of excessive sleepiness in narcolepsy, and the H1R antagonist, doxepin, used to alleviate symptoms
of insomnia. The current review summarizes reports from animal models, including genetic
and neuroimaging studies, as well as human brain samples and cerebrospinal fluid measurements
from clinical trials, on the possible role of the histaminergic system in neuropsychiatric disorders.
These studies will potentially pave the way for novel histamine-related therapeutic strategies.
Recent Advances in Organoselenium Catalysis
Authors: G. Santosh , Shetgaonkar Samata E. , Singh Fateh V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
: Organoselenium chemistry has developed as an important tool in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Various organoselenium reagents have been developed and used successfully to achieve different organic transformations such as the selenocyclizations, oxyselenenylations and selenoxide eliminations etc. Additionally, the potential of organoselenium reagents is not limited their use as stoichiometric reagents but they have successfully used as organocatalyst in number of synthetic transformations. Various organic and inorganic oxidants have been identified as terminal oxidants to regenerate the active catalytic specie. In this review article, the recent progress of organoselenium reagents in catalysis is being highlighted along with their asymmetric variants.
Technological, Biochemical and Microbiological Evaluation of Dehydrated
Pleurotus ostreatus Powder for Nutraceutical Applications
Authors: Morris Humberto J. , Arias-Ramos Daily , Chil-Núñez Idelsy , Camacho-Pozo Miladis , Lebeque-Pérez Yamila , Llauradó-Maury Gabriel , Cos Paul , Vervaet Chris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Mushroom-based products can serve as superior nutraceuticals in both
preventing and alleviating human diseases. Dehydrated powder of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in
Cuba has a rich nutritional composition and a large number of therapeutic properties. However,
technological parameters (e.g. rheological), as well as biochemical and microbiological quality
control standards for its use as a raw material in the manufacture of solid dosage forms with
nutraceutical and biopharmaceutical applications have not been established yet.

Objective:
The study aims to determine the technological, biochemical and microbiological quality
parameters of dehydrated Pleurotus ostreatus powder.

Method:
Rheological properties (Carr´s index, Hausner´s ratio, angle of repose and flow rate)
were determined in seven batches of mushroom powder. Biochemical and microbiological analyses
were performed using standard methods. Other physicochemical properties (mean particle
size, pH and moisture) were also determined.

Results:
Technical parameters showed a mean particle size of 224.08±7.96 μm, Carr´s compressibility
index (23.08-26.58%), Hausner´s ratio (1.30-1.36), angle of repose (36.6-41.90°) and flow
rate (3.69-6.93 g cm-2 s-1), typical of materials with poor flowability. Biochemical analyses indicated
significant nutraceutical composition: protein (25.0-30.4%), carbohydrate (45-60%), ash
(6.1-9.8%), fiber (5-9%), β-D-Glucans (1.47-1.61%), iron (21-50 mg/100 g), zinc (3.8-8.0
mg/100 g), and polyphenols (123-160 mg/100 g). Moisture content was ≤3.50% and microbiological
analyses were in agreement with ISO standards.

Conclusion:
Dehydrated P. ostreatus powder exhibits good nutraceutical composition and microbiological
quality. Technological parameters evidenced poor flow properties, suggesting the
need to include excipients to improve the rheological properties for applications as an active ingredient
in solid dosage forms for health benefits.
A Comprehensive Review on Anti-obesity Potential of Medicinal Plants and their Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan Chandra , Verma Piyush , Bairy Partha Sarathi 
Published: February 2022

Background:Obesity is a complex health and global epidemic issue. It is an increasing global health challenge covering high social and economic costs. Abnormal accumulation of fat in the body may increase health risks, including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and cancer. Synthetic drugs available in the market are reported to have several side effects. Therefore, the management of obesity needs to involve the traditional use of medicinal plants, which helps in searching for new therapeutic targets and supports the research and development of anti-obesity drugs.Objective:This review aimed to update the data and provide a comprehensive report on currently available knowledge regarding medicinal plants and phytochemicals constituents reported for their anti-obesity activity.Methodology:An electronic search of the periodical databases, like Web of Science, Scopus, Pub- Med, Scielo, Niscair, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Wiley, SciFinder, and Google Scholar with information reported during 1991-2019, was made to retrieve published data.Results:This review attempts to list the medicinal plants with anti-obesity activity. It focuses on plant extracts, isolated chemical compounds, their mechanism of action, and preclinical, experimental model, and clinical studies for further scientific research.Conclusion:This review summarizes the medicinal plants and their constituents reported for the management of obesity. The data will fascinate the researcher to initiate further research that may lead to the discovery of a drug for the management of obesity and its associated secondary complications. Several herbal plants and their respective lead constituents have been screened by preclinical in-vitro and in-vivo clinical trials and were found to be effective in treating obesity. Therefore, there is a need to develop and screen a large number of plant extracts, and this approach can surely be a driving force for discovering anti-obesity drugs from medicinal plants.
Evaluating the Effect of Supported Systematic Work Environment Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Haraldsson Patrik , Ros Axel , Jonker Dirk , Areskoug Josefsson Kristina 
Published: February 2022

Background
The work environment is a complex phenomenon in which many factors interact. Scientific research indicates a relation between the work environment and employee health, staff turnover, patient satisfaction, and patient safety. There is a great need for knowledge on how to conduct work environment interventions and practical work environment management to maximize benefits to the employees.

Objective
The aim of this study is to explore how Occupational Health Service (OHS) support will affect the work environment, sick leave, staff turnover, patient satisfaction, and patient safety during and following the COVID-19 pandemic in a medical ward setting.

Methods
A mixed methods evaluation of a concurrent work environment quality improvement project at the Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics in a local hospital in the south of Sweden will be performed.

Results
The mixed methods evaluation of the quality improvement project received funding from Futurum–Academy for Health and Care, Jönköping County Council and Region Jönköping County, and the study protocol was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The work environment quality improvement project will continue between May 2020 and December 2021.

Conclusions
The study might contribute to increased knowledge of how work environment interventions and practical work environment management can impact the work environment, and employee health, staff turnover, patient satisfaction, and patient safety. There is a need for knowledge in this area for OHS management to provide increased benefits to employees, employers, and society as a whole.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/34152
Dengue Fever Outbreak in Al-Garrahi District, Al-Hudaydah Governorate, Yemen, 2019
Authors: Al-Jamrah Khaled Mohammed , Nassar Abdulkareem , Mohathab Ibrahim , Al Amad Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

Background
Dengue fever (DF) has re-emerged in Yemen with a higher frequency during the last years. On November 6, 2019, an increased number of suspected DF cases in Al-Garrahi district was reported. On November 7, 2019, a team was sent to investigate.

Objective
This study aims to confirm the existence of an outbreak, describe the outbreak characteristics, and recommend suitable intervention for control.

Methods
A descriptive study was conducted. The World Health Organization case definition was used to identify patients. An active search from house to house, along with entomological investigation and health education, was conducted. A line list was used to collect data. Blood specimens were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dengue IgM. Frequency, percentage, and rates were calculated, and the population from the central statistical organization was used.

Results
A total of 2067 cases met the case definition. Of them, 51% were males and 32% were aged <10 years. All patients complained of fever, headache, and arthralgia (100%), followed by myalgia and retro-orbital pain (67% and 39%, respectively). The first case patient was in week 41, and the peak was reached with 1058 patients in week 46. The overall attack rate was 16 of 1000, significantly higher among patients aged 10 years to <50 years and ≥50 years compared with patients aged <10 years (17 and 19/1000 vs 14/1000; P<.001). Of 20 tested blood samples, 12 (60%) were IgM positive. The house index was 70%, the container index was 50%, and the Breteau index was 140. Vector control measures with community participation were intensified in week 46, and patient cases decreased to 140 in week 48.

Conclusions
A dengue outbreak was confirmed in Al-Garrahi district. The spread of infection was facilitated by storing water and the presence of indoor larvae. The findings emphasize the importance of health awareness and community participation for containing DF outbreaks.