bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a pediatric oncology nutrition program: Lessons learnt over a decade
Authors: Prasad Maya , Moulik Nirmalya Roy , Jatia Shalini , Dhamne Chetan , Parambil Badira Cheriyalinkal , Chichra Akanksha , Narula Gaurav , Banavali Shripad D. , Chinnaswamy Girish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe management of malnutrition in children with cancer remains a challenge in low–middle‐income countries (LMICs). We describe our pediatric oncology nutrition program and its impact over the past decade.MethodsWe evaluated the impact of our nutrition program in accordance with the International Society of Paediatric Oncology‐Paediatric Oncology in Developing Countries (SIOP PODC) Nutritional Program Evaluation in the areas of service delivery (number served, increments in delivery, number of trained care providers), patients at‐risk (proportion identified with malnutrition at diagnosis/follow‐up), and efficiency of nutritional interventions (proportion assessed, proportion achieved healthy weight, clinicians trained). We analyzed available data for trends between 2009 and 2020, and comparisons were made using the Fisherttest. This study was approved by our institutional ethics committee.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2020, 17 749 children treated at our center were beneficiaries of the nutritional program, including assessment and intervention. During this period, trained pediatric nutritionists increased from 2 to 8; SIOP PODC level from 2 to 3–4, and nutrition budget increased 15‐fold. At diagnosis (n = 5618) and six‐month follow‐up (n = 2674), 59.6% and 51.2% children were undernourished, 34.8% and 43% well nourished, and 4.7% and 5.7% overnourished. From 2016 onward, fewer children were undernourished at follow‐up—69.5% (2016), 60% (2018), 54% (2019), and 55% (2020,P < 0.001). The program helped train over 500 clinicians in nutrition.ConclusionsImproved financial support and capacity building have helped build and sustain an effective nutrition program. Priority areas include implementation of best practices, early nutritional intervention, continued education, and locally relevant research.
Multi‐layer sequential network analysis improves protein3Dstructural classification
Authors: Newaz Khalique , Piland Jacob , Clark Patricia L. , Emrich Scott J. , Li Jun , Milenković Tijana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtein structural classification (PSC) is a supervised problem of assigning proteins into pre‐defined structural (e.g., CATH or SCOPe) classes based on the proteins' sequence or 3D structural features. We recently proposed PSC approaches that model protein 3D structures as protein structure networks (PSNs) and analyze PSN‐based protein features, which performed better than or comparable to state‐of‐the‐art sequence or other 3D structure‐based PSC approaches. However, existing PSN‐based PSC approaches model the whole 3D structure of a protein as a static (i.e., single‐layer) PSN. Because folding of a protein is a dynamic process, where some parts (i.e., sub‐structures) of a protein fold before others, modeling the 3D structure of a protein as a PSN that captures the sub‐structures might further help improve the existing PSC performance. Here, we propose to model 3D structures of proteins as multi‐layer sequential PSNs that approximate 3D sub‐structures of proteins, with the hypothesis that this will improve upon the current state‐of‐the‐art PSC approaches that are based on single‐layer PSNs (and thus upon the existing state‐of‐the‐art sequence and other 3D structural approaches). Indeed, we confirm this on 72 datasets spanning ~44 000 CATH and SCOPe protein domains.
A Review on Carbon‐based Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensor of Quinolone Antibiotics
Authors: Jiwanti Prastika K. , Wardhana Brasstira Y. , Sutanto Laurencia G. , Chanif Muchammad F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuinolone antibiotic is known for its effectiveness in treating infectious disease, and has been used widely for humans and also in animals. Continuous use of antibiotics could promote antibiotic resistance as well as result in the accumulation of antibiotic residues in food. Therefore, monitoring the quinolone antibiotic is important. Meanwhile, carbon‐based electrode is known as a material that has been used widely for electrochemical sensor application. It has been used in its bare form and modified form to improve the electrode catalytic performance. In this review, we summarize the utilization of unmodified and modified carbon‐based electrode in detecting various types of quinolone antibiotics. It is expected to provide comprehensive information on related topics.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Carboxamides Capable of Causing Centrosome Declustering and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Farrukh Usama B. , Bilal Aishah , Zahid Huda , Iqbal Maheen , Manzoor Safia , Firdous Farhat , Furqan Muhammad , Azeem Muhammad , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Alazmi Meshari , Gao Xin , Saleem Rahman S. Z. , Faisal Amir 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fragility of cancer cells at the time of mitosis has served as an important target for the development of many successful chemotherapeutic agents. Many cancers cells have supernumerary centrosomes that they cluster during mitosis to form bipolar spindles. Inhibition of centrosome clustering in these cells results in multipolar spindle formation and apoptotic cell death, providing an opportunity to selectively target a subset of cancers with centrosome amplification. In the current work, we report synthesis of 29 novel tethered biaryls and biological evaluation of their ability to inhibit centrosome clustering in breast cancer cells (BT‐549). We have identified N‐benzhydryl‐5‐nitrofuran‐2‐carboxamide (5 h) as a centrosome declustering compound. 5 h has potent antiproliferative activity in centrosome amplified BT‐549 cells with GI50 value of 1.81±0.19 μM (n=2). Treatment of BT‐549 cells with 5 h causes centrosome declustering resulting in mitotic arrest due to multipolar spindle formation and misaligned chromosomes which ultimately leads to apoptotic cell death.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Precursor Route Syntheses of Highly Dispersed Supertetrahedral T3 In‐S/Se Clusters for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Yifan , Wang Yanqi , Peng Yingchen , Hu Qianqian , Li Jianrong , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, two pure inorganic isostructural supertetrahedral T3 cluster based compounds with different ratio of S : Se, namely [Bmmim]6[In10QCl4](MIm)2 (Q=S9.5Se6.5 (In‐S/Se‐1), S2Se14 (In‐S/Se‐2), Bmmim=1‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium, MIm=1‐methylimidazole), have been obtained via an ionic‐liquid‐auxiliary precursor approach. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) characterization showed that their structures are comprised of a discrete supertetrahedral T3 [In10QCl4]6− cluster charge‐balanced via six [Bmmim]+ cations. Importantly, the T3 clusters of In‐S/Se‐1 and In‐S/Se‐2 can be highly dispersed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). As a result, the T3 clusters uncovered more active sites after being dispersed, thereby exhibiting∼6 times of hydrogen generation rate of that in the solid state. Furthermore, benefitting from higher visible‐light absorption, larger driving force from conduction band (CB) and rapider photogenerated carrier migration, the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity was monotonically improved with increasing of the Se concentration in the T3 clusters. This work provides an alternative strategy for obtaining novel hybrid metal chalcogenide crystalline compounds for efficient energy conversion.
Total Synthesis of 4’‐O‐Methylgrynullarin and Related Isoflavone Natural Products
Authors: Okada Takuya , Ngoc Thanh Luan Nguyen , Arata Ruka , Awale Suresh , Toyooka Naoki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIsoflavones containing several hydroxyl groups are known to exhibit a variety of biological activities. 4’‐O‐Methylgrynullarin 1 and its derivatives 2–4 were isolated from Derris scandens flowers and their structures were determined by Suresh and co‐workers in 2021. Because 4’‐O‐methylgrynullarin 1 showed preferential cytotoxicity against PANC‐1 human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient‐deprived conditions, 1 has the potential to become a novel anti‐cancer drug based on an anti‐austerity strategy. We achieved the total synthesis of 4’‐O‐methylgrynullarin 1 and its derivatives 2–4 using Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of the prenylated iodochromones 14 and 16 with the corresponding phenylboronic acids 25, 27, and 31 as the key step.
Experimental investigation on the seismic behavior of self‐stressing steel slag CFST column
Authors: Yu Feng , Qin Yin , Yao Chi , Bu Shuangshuang , Fang Yuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo fully use the expansion property of steel slag, an experiment on 10 self‐stressing steel slag concrete‐filled steel tube (SSSCFST) columns and four steel slag concrete‐filled steel tube (SSCFST) columns subjected to low cyclic loading are implemented, the effects of the expansion ratio of the steel slag concrete, axial compression ratio, diameter‐thickness ratio, and shear span ratio on the seismic properties of SSSCFST components are analyzed. The outcomes present that the failure mode of specimens changes from bending failure to bending‐shear failure as the shear span ratio reduces. With the improvement of the axial compression ratio, the initial stiffness, strength degradation degree, and the growth rate of energy dissipation capacity increase, while the ductility decreases. With the decrease in diameter‐thickness ratio, there is no significant change in other seismic performance except for the increase in initial stiffness. Compared with the SSCFST columns, the seismic performance indexes of SSSCFST columns are advanced. The study on the seismic behavior of SSSCFST columns can provide the basis for engineering application.
AD Informer Set: Chemical tools to facilitate Alzheimer's disease drug discovery
Authors: Potjewyd Frances M. , Annor‐Gyamfi Joel K. , Aubé Jeffrey , Chu Shaoyou , Conlon Ivie L. , Frankowski Kevin J. , Guduru Shiva K. R. , Hardy Brian P. , Hopkins Megan D. , Kinoshita Chizuru , Kireev Dmitri B. , Mason Emily R. , Moerk Charles T. , Nwogbo Felix , Pearce Kenneth H. , Richardson Timothy I. , Rogers David A. , Soni Disha M. , Stashko Michael , Wang Xiaodong , Wells Carrow , Willson Timothy M. , Frye Stephen V. , Young Jessica E. , Axtman Alison D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe portfolio of novel targets to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been enriched by the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Program for Alzheimer's Disease (AMP AD) program.MethodsPublicly available resources, such as literature and databases, enabled a data‐driven effort to identify existing small molecule modulators for many protein products expressed by the genes nominated by AMP AD and suitable positive control compounds to be included in the set. Compounds contained within the set were manually selected and annotated with associated published, predicted, and/or experimental data.ResultsWe built an annotated set of 171 small molecule modulators targeting 98 unique proteins that have been nominated by AMP AD consortium members as novel targets for the treatment of AD. The majority of compounds included in the set are inhibitors. These small molecules vary in their quality and should be considered chemical tools that can be used in efforts to validate therapeutic hypotheses, but which will require further optimization. A physical copy of the AD Informer Set can be requested on the Target Enablement to Accelerate Therapy Development for Alzheimer's Disease (TREAT‐AD) website.DiscussionSmall molecules that enable target validation are important tools for the translation of novel hypotheses into viable therapeutic strategies for AD.
Association of vitamin K with cognitive decline and neuropathology in community‐dwelling older persons
Authors: Booth Sarah L. , Shea M. Kyla , Barger Kathryn , Leurgans Sue E. , James Bryan D. , Holland Thomas M. , Agarwal Puja , Fu Xueyan , Wang Jifan , Matuszek Gregory , Schneider Julie A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigher vitamin K intakes have been associated with better cognitive function, suggestive of a vitamin K mechanistic effect or simply reflective of a healthy diet. To test the hypothesis that brain vitamin K is linked to cognitive decline and dementia, vitamin K concentrations were measured in four brain regions, and their associations with cognitive and neuropathological outcomes were estimated in 325 decedents of the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Menaquinone‐4 (MK4) was the main vitamin K form in the brain regions evaluated. Higher brain MK4 concentrations were associated with a 17% to 20% lower odds of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (P‐value < .014), with a 14% to 16% lower odds of Braak stage ≥IV (P‐value < 0.045), with lower Alzheimer's disease global pathology scores and fewer neuronal neurofibrillary tangles (P‐value < 0.012). These findings provide new and compelling evidence implicating vitamin K in neuropathology underlying cognitive decline and dementia.
Description of the management of a pyopericardium due to Neisseria animaloris in a cat
Authors: Berjano Maria Corrales , di Virgilio Fabrizio , Fardet Mathieu , Freson Guillaume , Deneuche Aymeric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, European, male neutered cat was admitted to the emergency service showing symptoms of dyspnoea and lethargy. Radiographs and echocardiography confirmed a pericardial effusion. Fluid analysis obtained via thoracocentesis showed evidence of bacteria in the pericardial space. The species of bacteria was Neisseria animaloris. Subtotal pericardiectomy through sternotomy was the treatment of choice in this case to perform a surgical lavage and the placement of a thoracic drain in order to decrease the pericardial pressure. Sterile samples were taken during the surgery. The cat was discharged 6 days after admission, with oral antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) and was free of clinical signs at discharge.
Clinical experience using a combination of dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam and hydromorphone for general anaesthesia in two winter white dwarf hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) undergoing surgical facial procedures
Authors: Sarvi Jasmine , Eshar David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 4‐month‐old, male winter white dwarf hamster and an adult, male winter white dwarf hamster of unknown age were presented for surgical procedures of the face. An injectable anaesthesia protocol with DKMH (dexmedetomidine 0.1 mg/kg, ketamine 20 mg/kg, midazolam 1 mg/kg and hydromorphone 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to anaesthetise each hamster. Anaesthesia was induced in less than 1 minute and a surgical plane of anaesthesia was maintained for the duration of the procedure for both hamsters. Postoperatively, flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg) and atipamezole (1 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously and the hamsters recovered uneventfully without anaesthetic‐related complications.
Neurocomputations of strategic behavior: From iterated to novel interactions
Authors: Jiang Yaomin , Wu Hai‐Tao , Mi Qingtian , Zhu Lusha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStrategic interactions, where an individual's payoff depends on the decisions of multiple intelligent agents, are ubiquitous among social animals. They span a variety of important social behaviors such as competition, cooperation, coordination, and communication, and often involve complex, intertwining cognitive operations ranging from basic reward processing to higher‐order mentalization. Here, we review the progress and challenges in probing the neural and cognitive mechanisms of strategic behavior of interacting individuals, drawing an analogy to recent developments in studies of reward‐seeking behavior, in particular, how research focuses in the field of strategic behavior have been expanded from adaptive behavior based on trial‐and‐error to flexible decisions based on limited prior experience. We highlight two important research questions in the field of strategic behavior: (i) How does the brain exploit past experience for learning to behave strategically? and (ii) How does the brain decide what to do in novel strategic situations in the absence of direct experience? For the former, we discuss the utility of learning models that have effectively connected various types of neural data with strategic learning behavior and helped elucidate the interplay among multiple learning processes. For the latter, we review the recent evidence and propose a neural generative mechanism by which the brain makes novel strategic choices through simulating others' goal‐directed actions according to rational or bounded‐rational principles obtained through indirect social knowledge.This article is categorized under:
Economics > Interactive Decision‐Making
Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Neuroscience > Cognition
Evaluating the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to bats in the context of wildlife research, rehabilitation, and control
Authors: Cook Jonathan D. , Campbell Grant Evan H. , Coleman Jeremy T. H. , Sleeman Jonathan M. , Runge Michael C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreventing wildlife disease outbreaks is a priority for natural resource agencies, and management decisions can be urgent, especially in epidemic circumstances. With the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2, wildlife agencies were concerned whether the activities they authorize might increase the risk of viral transmission from humans to North American bats, but had a limited amount of time in which to make decisions. We describe how decision analysis provides a powerful framework to analyze and reanalyze complex natural resource management problems as knowledge evolves. Coupled with expert judgment and avenues for the rapid release of information, risk assessment can provide timely scientific information for evolving decisions. In April 2020, the first rapid risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the risk of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 from humans to North American bats. Based on the best available information and relying heavily on expert judgment, the risk assessment found a small possibility of transmission during summer work activities. Following that assessment, additional knowledge and data emerged, such as bat viral challenge studies, that further elucidated the risks of human‐to‐bat transmission and culminated in a second risk assessment in the fall of 2020. We updated the first SARS‐CoV‐2 risk assessment with new management alternatives and new estimates of little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) susceptibility, using findings from the fall 2020 assessment and other empirical studies. We found that new knowledge led to an 88% decrease in the median number of bats estimated to be infected per 1,000 encountered when compared to earlier results. The use of facemasks during, or a negative COVID‐19 test or vaccination prior to, bat encounters further reduced those risks. Using a combination of decision analysis, expert judgment, rapid risk assessment, and efficient modes of information distribution, we provided timely science‐based support to decision makers for summer bat work in North America.
An analysis of drinking water quality parameters to achieve sustainable development goals in rural and urban areas of Besisahar, Lamjung, Nepal
Authors: Aryal Mahendra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNepal has a high annual rainfall, but it still faces numerous challenges in ensuring good water quality. A total of 20 water samples were collected from five springs, seven rivers, one borehole, and seven reservoir tanks. pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, total hardness as CaCO3, and residual chlorine in the water samples were all found to be within the National Drinking Quality Standards (NDWQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was calculated in the range of 35.65–70.826 mg/L, where most of the water samples exceeded the WHO's threshold. The mean biological oxygen demand (BOD) value was 2.929 mg/L, which was below the WHO tolerance level. Moreover, the concentrations of zinc, copper, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and phosphate species studied here were lower than those of the NDWQS and WHO standards. It was found that most of the water samples crossed the threshold standard for Escherichia coli and total coliforms, respectively. The iron concentrations in BW8, PW9, and RVW10 were estimated at 0.321, 0.301, and 0.367 mg/L, manganese in BW8, RVW10, and PW9 at 0.191, 0.142, and 0.104 mg/L, and selenium in RVW10 and RVW14 at 0.041 mg/L, which exceeded the WHO permissible limit. In most samples, the contamination factor (CF) values of COD exceeded unity, and the pollution load index (PLI) was calculated at 1.3. In the CF analysis of Fe, Mn, and Se, it was found that some water samples were polluted and not suitable for drinking. Statistical analysis of water quality parameters revealed a significant correlation. Overall, the results suggest that governments and development agencies should enhance their involvement in water resources management to ensure sustainability.
A note on exemplary off-shell constructions of 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supersymmetry representations
Authors: Bristow Devin D. , Caporaletti John H. , Cianciara Aleksander J. , Gates S. James , Levine Delina , Yerger Gabriel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We continue the search for rules that govern when off-shell 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= ∞ supermultiplets can be combined to form off-shell 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= ∈ supermultiplets. We study the 𝕊8 permutations and Height Yielding Matrix Numbers (HYMN) embedded within the adinkras that correspond to these putative off-shell 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supermultiplets. Even though the HYMN definition was designed to distinguish between the raising and lowering of nodes in one dimensional valise supermultiplets, they are shown to accurately select out which combinations of off-shell 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supermultiplets correspond to off-shell 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supermultiplets. Only the combinations of the chiral + vector and chiral + tensor are found to have valises in the same class. This is consistent with the well known structure of 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supermultiplets.
Baryon asymmetric Universe from spontaneous CP violation
Authors: Fujikura Kohei , Nakai Yuichiro , Sato Ryosuke , Yamada Masaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous CP violation, such as the Nelson-Barr (NB) mechanism, is an attractive scenario for addressing the strong CP problem while realizing the observed phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark-mixing matrix. However, not only the CKM phase but also the baryon asymmetric Universe requires sources of CP violation. In this study, we show that a supersymmetric NB mechanism can naturally accommodate the Affleck-Dine (AD) baryogenesis within a CP-invariant Lagrangian. The model provides flat directions associated with new heavy quarks. Focusing on one of the directions, we find that the correct baryon asymmetry is obtained with a sufficiently low reheating temperature which does not cause the gravitino problem. Some parameter space is consistent with the gravitino dark matter. We assess radiative corrections to the strong CP phase induced by gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking and CP-violating heavy fields and show that the strong CP problem is solved in a viable parameter space where the visible sector supersymmetric particles must be lighter than $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) TeV. Even in the case that they are heavier than the TeV scale, our model predicts the neutron electric dipole moment within the reach of the near future experiments. Our model addresses the electroweak naturalness problem, strong CP problem, baryon asymmetric Universe, and dark matter. Then, the model may give a new compelling paradigm of physics beyond the Standard Model.