bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aetiological and prognostic roles of frailty, multimorbidity and socioeconomic characteristics in the development of SARS-CoV-2 health outcomes: protocol for systematic reviews of population-based studies
Authors: Makovski Tatjana T , Ghattas Jinane , Monnier Besnard Stephanie , Ambrozova Monika , Vasinova Barbora , Feteira-Santos Rodrigo , Bezzegh Peter , Ponce Bollmann Felipe , Cottam James , Haneef Romana , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Speybroeck Niko , Nogueira Paulo , Forjaz Maria João , Coste Joel , Carcaillon-Bentata Laure 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThere is growing evidence that the impact of COVID-19 crisis may be stronger for individuals with multimorbidity, frailty and lower socioeconomic status. Existing reviews focus on few, mainly short-term effects of COVID-19 illness and patients with single chronic disease. Information is also largely missing for population representative samples.Applying population-based approach, the systematic reviews will have two objectives: (1) to evaluate the aetiological roles of frailty, multimorbidity and socioeconomic status on SARS-CoV-2 infection probability, hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation and COVID-19 related mortality among general population and (2) to investigate the prognostic roles of frailty, multimorbidity and socioeconomic characteristics on the risk of hospitalisation, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, COVID-19 mortality, functioning, quality of life, disability, mental health and work absence.Methods and analysisFor this ongoing work, four databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease and PsycINFO, for the period between January 2020 and April 7 2021. Peer-reviewed published literature in English and all types of population-based studies will be considered. Studies using standard tools to assess multimorbidity such as disease count, comorbidity indices or disease combinations will be retained, as well as studies with standard scales and scores for frailty or measurement of a socioeconomic gradient. Initial search included 10 139 articles, 411 for full-text reading. Results will be summarised by risk factor, objective and outcome. The feasibility of meta-analysis will be determined by the findings and will aim to better understand uncertainties of the results. Quality of studies will be assessed using standardised scales.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be based on published evidence, and it is exempt from the ethical approval. This work is part of the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) project. Dissemination of the results will imply conference presentation, submission for scientific publication and PHIRI project report.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021249444.
Effect of balanced opioid-free anaesthesia on postoperative nausea and vomiting after video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Long Yu-qin , Wang Dan , Chen Shaomu , Xu Yu , Feng Chang-dong , Ji Fu-Hai , Cheng Hao , Peng Ke 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionOpioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) may reduce opioid-related side effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and hyperalgesia. This study aims to investigate the effects of balanced OFA on PONV and pain outcomes in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial will be conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University in Suzhou, China. A total of 120 adults scheduled for VATS lung resection will be randomly assigned with a 1:1 ratio to either an OFA group or a control group, stratified by sex (n=60 in each group). Patients will receive balanced anaesthesia with esketamine, dexmedetomidine and sevoflurane (the OFA group), or sufentanil and sevoflurane (the control group). All patients will receive PONV prophylaxis with intraoperative dexamethasone and ondansetron. Multimodal analgesia consists of intraoperative flurbiprofen axetil, ropivacaine infiltration at the end of surgery and postoperative patient-controlled sufentanil. The primary outcome is the incidence of PONV within 48 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes are nausea, vomiting, need for antiemetic therapy, pain scores at rest and while coughing, postoperative sufentanil consumption, need for rescue analgesia, length of post-anaesthesia care unit stay, length of postoperative hospital stay, and 30-day and 90-day post-surgical pain and mortality. Safety outcomes are hypotension, bradycardia, hypertension, tachycardia, interventions for haemodynamic events, level of sedation, headache, dizziness, nightmare and hallucination. All analyses will be performed in the modified intention-to-treat population.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (2022-042). All patients will provide written informed consent. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200059710).
Content and process: using continuous quality improvement to teach and evaluate learning outcomes in quality improvement residency education
Authors: Burra Tara , Peck Jared R , Waddell Andrea E 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPsychiatry has not prioritised quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) to the same degree as other medical specialties. Professional capacity building in QIPS through the education of residents is essential to improving the quality and safety of mental healthcare delivery.Local problemThe University of Toronto postgraduate psychiatry program is the largest psychiatry training program in North America. Training in QIPS was introduced in 2006. In 2019, a curricular review found that few trainees acquired competence in QIPS.MethodsCurricular change was undertaken using Kern’s Six-Step Approach to curricular design. We used a continuous quality improvement framework to inform the evaluation with data collection using an online educational application. We aimed to improve competence in QIPS as demonstrated by assessment of the quality of individual quality improvement projects (IQIP) on an 11-item rubric. We used a family of quality improvement measures to iteratively improve the curriculum over 3 years.InterventionsWe restructured the QIPS curriculum into four case-based seminars for third year psychiatry residents. The curriculum included: clear learning objectives, multimodal instructional methods, and an IQIP.ResultsThe mean score on preintervention project evaluations was 5.3/11 (49% (18)), which increased to 9.2/11 (84% (11.5)) with the revised curriculum (t=8.80, two tail, p<0.001; Cohen’s ds2.63). In the first two cohorts of residents to complete the IQIPs, 67/72 (93%) completed at least one Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle, compared with 11/23 (48%) in the 2 years before the new curriculum.ConclusionsTo ensure our trainees were attaining the educational goal of competence in QIPS, we introduced a revised QIPS curriculum and embedded an evaluation rooted in improvement science. This study adds to the limited literature which uses continuous quality improvement to enhance QIPS education, which is particularly needed in mental health.
Cost of living crisis: a UK crisis with global implications – A call to action for paediatricians
Authors: Singh Guddi , Uthayakumar-Cumarasamy Amaran 
Published: November 2022

The UK’s ‘cost of living crisis’ (COLC) has thrown millions of families into poverty in 2022, delivering an intensifying economic shock that will likely eclipse the financial impact of the global coronavirus pandemic for children, families and communities alike. But what is the relevance for paediatricians? Written by doctors who spend considerable time confronting social problems from clinical, public health and advocacy perspectives, this article aims to untangle the COLC for those working in child health and seeks to stimulate a meaningful conversation about how we might reimagine paediatrics for life in the 21st century.Taking the current crisis as our point of departure, we argue that the UK’s COLC can be best understood as a ‘crisis of inequality’, which has been created through social, economic and political processes that were not inevitable. The health impacts, then, are a matter of health equity and social justice. While the acuity of the crisis unfolding in the UK garners much attention, the implications are global with lessons for paediatricians everywhere. We propose that using a‘social lens’for understanding the true ‘causes of the causes’ of complex challenges such as COLC is essential for the 21st century paediatrician, as the consequences for child health is deep, wide-ranging and long-lasting. However, the current gap in knowledge, skills and infrastructure in this area leads to disempowerment in the profession.We end with this provocation: What, after all, does it mean to be a paediatrician in a time of economic crisis? We offer thoughts about how paediatrics might respond to social challenges, such as the COLC, acknowledging that organised and concerted action must be taken both inside and outside of health systems if we are to help bring about the changes that our patients and their surrounding communities urgently need.
Paediatric acute non-traumatic limp presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Tu Jacky , Haines Mitchell , Gowdie Peter , Craig Simon 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAcute non-traumatic limp in children has many causes, ranging from common benign and self-limiting disease to serious time-sensitive emergencies such as septic arthritis. We aimed to (1) describe the epidemiology and workup of paediatric acute non-traumatic limp presentation in three Australian EDs and (2) compare investigations and treatment between a tertiary paediatric centre and two non-tertiary centres.MethodsA retrospective chart review of children aged 0–16 years, with an initial presentation of non-traumatic limp to three EDs in Melbourne, Australia. Data on presentation, management and outcomes was systematically collected on all eligible patients.ResultsOf 63 941 presentations over a 12-month period, 475 (0.7%) met inclusion criteria. The median (IQR) age of presentation was 5 (3–8) years, with a male predominance (61%). Blood tests and imaging were performed in 39% and 51%, respectively. 34% of presentations had no investigations. The most frequent ED diagnoses were transient synovitis (37%) and viral myositis (16%). 84% were discharged home after ED evaluation. Compared with the two non-tertiary hospitals, children who presented to the tertiary centre were less likely to have any investigation performed (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.62, p<0.001) and more likely to be discharged home after evaluation (OR=4.67, 95% CI: 2.79 to 7.81, p<0.001).ConclusionAlthough mostly due to benign disorders, an important number of limping children who presented to the ED had serious disease, with approximately one-third of these not diagnosed at the initial ED visit. There is large variation in workup including blood test, imaging and decisions regarding ED disposition.
Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being
Authors: Cai Lei , Liu Yonglin , He Lin 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundHigh blood pressure is a leading cardiovascular disease risk factor and considered to be associated with psychological factors. However, the causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being are not clear.AimsThe current study explored the genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being.MethodsMendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were performed using the generalised summary-data-based MR analysis method with eight large-scale genome-wide association study datasets for hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure, anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being.ResultsA causal effect of DBP on neuroticism was found, and 1074 independent instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by the incorporated Heterogeneity in Dependent Instruments-outlier test among the bidirectional causal relationship between blood pressure and the four psychological states.ConclusionsDBP has a causal effect on neuroticism. Appropriate management of blood pressure may reduce neuroticism, neuroticism-inducing mood disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
Early palliative care in newly diagnosed cancer in Ethiopia: feasibility randomised controlled trial and cost analysis
Authors: Reid Eleanor Anderson , Abathun Ephrem , Diribi Jilcha , Mamo Yoseph , Wondemagegnhu Tigeneh , Hall Peter , Fallon Marie , Grant Liz 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesGlobally, cancer deaths are rising. In low-and-middle-income countries, there is a gap in access to palliative care (PC). We designed a feasibility trial to study the initiation of early PC in patients with cancer in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA randomised controlled trial (RCT) of standard cancer care versus standard cancer care plus in-home PC was conducted. Follow-up was at 8 and 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were: (1) feasibility, (2) patient-reported PC outcomes (African Palliative Care Association Palliative Outcome Scale (APCA POS)), and (3) costs.ResultsOf 95 adults randomised (mean age 49.5 years; 66% female), 27 completed 3 study visits. Of these, 89% had stage III or IV disease. Recruitment was feasible, but attrition was high. APCA POS use was feasible, with significant within-arm improvements: 24% versus 18% reduction (p<0.0002, p<0.0025) in PC versus standard care, respectively. Standard care subjects reported higher out-of-pocket payments (5810 Ethiopian birr) (ETB) and lost wages of informal caregivers (74 900 ETB), multiple times an average Ethiopian salary (3696 ETB).ConclusionIt is feasible to conduct an RCT of early PC for patients with cancer in Ethiopia. Retention was the biggest challenge. This study revealed opportunities to improve care, and important feasibility results to inform future, larger scale PC research in Ethiopia and beyond.
Higgs inflation and scalar weak gravity conjecture
Authors: Liu Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we intend to find a specific model which can satisfy the further refining dS swampland conjecture and scalar weak gravity conjecture (SWGC) simultaneously, in particular, Higgs inflation model and its two extensions: Higgs-dilaton model and Palatini Higgs inflation. We determine the conditions if the three inflation models satisfy scalar weak gravity conjecture (SWGC) and strong scalar weak gravity conjecture (SSWGC).
Probing the diffusive behaviour of beam-halo dynamics in circular accelerators
Authors: Montanari C. E. , Bazzani A. , Giovannozzi M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCircular particle accelerators at the energy frontier are based on superconducting magnets that are extremely sensitive to beam losses as these might induce quenches, i.e. transitions to the normal-conducting state. Furthermore, the energy stored in the circulating beam is so large that hardware integrity is put in serious danger, and machine protection becomes essential for reaching the nominal accelerator performance. In this challenging context, the beam halo becomes a potential source of performance limitations and its dynamics needs to be understood in detail to assess whether it could be an issue for the accelerator. In this paper, we discuss in detail a recent framework, based on a diffusive approach, to model beam-halo dynamics. The functional form of the optimal estimate of the perturbative series, as given by Nekhoroshev’s theorem, is used to provide the functional form of the action diffusion coefficient. The goal is to propose an effective model for the beam-halo dynamics and to devise an efficient experimental procedure to obtain an accurate measurement of the diffusion coefficient.
The Performance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for Screening of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Hong Kong
Authors: Lok Eugenia Yung Ching , Mok Chi Chiu 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for screening of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Hong Kong. Methods: Consecutive RA patients in the outpatient clinic of Pok Oi Hospital were invited to complete the validated Chinese-Cantonese version of the HADS questionnaire before clinical assessment by a psychiatrist for depressive disorders and anxiety disorders using the Chinese-bilingual Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, patient research version. Psychometric properties of the HADS were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: For the HADS full scale, sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-off score of 16 for any psychiatric disorders were 83.0% and 81.0%, respectively (area under ROC curve [AUC] 0.91). For the depression subscale (HADS-D), sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-off score of 10 for any depressive disorders were 89.7% and 84.8%, respectively (AUC 0.93). For the anxiety subscale (HADS-A), sensitivity and specificity at the optimal cut-off score of 8 for any anxiety disorders were 88.5% and 74.1%, respectively (AUC 0.87). The HADS-D showed better screening properties for any depressive disorders than major depressive disorder. The HADS-A showed better screening properties for generalized anxiety disorder than any anxiety disorders. Conclusion: The HADS had good performance to screen for any psychiatric disorders and the HADS-D had good performance to screen for any depressive disorders. On the other hand, the HADS-A performed better for generalized anxiety disorder than for any anxiety disorders.
The who Foundation and the Law of International Organizations: Towards Better Funding for Global Health?
Authors: Aust Helmut Philipp , Feihle Prisca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The article explores the creation of the who Foundation, an independent legal entity aiming at the mobilisation of flexible funds for who’s budget. This development provides the basis for a more general reflection on the importance of funding issues for the study of international organizations (ios) from an international legal perspective. A comparison reveals that, in some crucial aspects, the who Foundation differs from other non-traditional mechanisms of funding of and alongside ios. These peculiarities render questions as to its impact on the legitimacy of the who all the more pertinent. On the one hand, the innovative funding model has the potential to re-strengthen multilateral decision-making and to allow the who to better deliver on its mandate in attaining global health. On the other hand, it might loosen the ties between the who and its member states and substantially reduce the transparency of the funding process.
Binding the International Maritime Organization to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Authors: Kerr Baine P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The International Maritime Organization’s member states are considering a range of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping, including a fuel oil levy to fund low and zero carbon technology research and development. This article evaluates whether the International Maritime Organization is legally bound by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea—in particular its Articles 203 and 278—despite the organization not being a party to the Convention and not having expressly accepted the obligations it imposes. The article critically analyses and applies the pacta tertiis principle and examines whether the relevant portions of the Convention constitute an ‘objective regime.’ It then considers what viewing the Convention as binding would mean for the imo’s implementation of the proposed levy and its other climate measures, and how doing so could help unify the climate and maritime legal regimes.
The Icon of the Hospitality of Abraham by the Painter Angelos in Narbonne
Authors: Tsiouris Ioannis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A small icon depicting the Hospitality of Abraham, executed and signed by the renowned Cretan painter Angelos Akotantos, is now kept in the Palais-Musée des Archevêques in Narbonne. The panel’s iconographic scheme follows that of two well-known works of the second half of the fourteenth century, namely Codex Par. gr. 1242 and the icon in Vatopedi Monastery on Mount Athos. The painter Angelos appears to have been familiar with this scheme, which he supplemented with a few new elements, thereby creating a new iconographic variant that would become established and eventually be adopted by both his contemporaries and later icon-painters from Crete and beyond.
Play as Inter-Play: A Dialogue between Gadamer and Schiller
Authors: Zhang Qifan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the concept of play concerning human formation, especially as manifested in the philosophies of Gadamer and Schiller. Gadamer depicted understanding as an organic motion that unfolds through seeing differences and characterized play as a flexible back-and-forth movement or interplay between possibilities and transformations. Schiller structured play as the playful impulse similarly as an interactive moving force that connects the two seemingly oppositional impulses of reason and sensation and lets the two affect the other dialogically. Both Gadamer and Schiller suggest that play, as in essence an inter-play, orients us into seeing more possibilities of making a refreshing sense of our intellectual and perceptual abilities and thereby transfiguring our living being into richer and fuller meaningfulness.
The Weak School Reform in China’s Rural Areas: a Policy Mapping Perspective
Authors: Xue Eryong , Li Jian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study explores the weak school reform in China from a policy mapping perspective. We found that the development of weak schools in rural areas is difficult due to the underdeveloped economy, unchanged geographical conditions, and difficult communication with the outside world. However, the unbalanced allocation of educational resources and low salary of teachers in rural areas have led to the loss of teachers in large numbers, and the loss of teachers has become the main body of the loss of rural teachers. In rural areas, especially in remote areas, the schools are weak and often fail to attract excellent teachers because of poor running conditions. In addition, the suggestions and remarks have been offered in the last.
The Excellent Teacher Plan in China’s Underdeveloped Central and Western Regions: A Macro-level Policy Analysis
Authors: Li Jian , Li Kun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The “Excellent Teachers Plan” is in line with the teacher cultivation plan implemented by a variety of normal University since 2020. Based on the current educational patterns, relevant normal university students are trained in the “College + Academy” collaborative education mode in different campuses. The “Excellent Teacher Plan” has been implemented and it is necessary to offer a comprehensive understanding of the feelings and appeals of relevant teachers, to improve the content and implementation methods of the policy in the future and achieve better policy effects.