bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-12 Mental Health Outcomes for CFL Athletes with ADHD
Authors: David C V , Varkovetski M , Wagner R , Ree-Fedun Q , Hansen J , Arends T , Naidu D , Mrazik M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Current research suggests that athletes with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at risk for poorer outcomes arising from sport related concussions (SRC). There is limited research related evaluating mental health outcomes in athletes diagnosed with ADHD. The purpose of the study is to evaluate mental health outcomes among Canadian Football League (CFL) athletes with (ADHD) and to measure outcomes based upon a history of concussion. Methods: Professional football players from the CFL (n = 784) were administered a baseline mental health measure, the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL), as a component of pre-season evaluations as part of a larger cohort study (Active Rehabilitation). Diagnosis of ADHD was the independent variable and HRQL index scores measuring physical functioning, depression, cognitive functioning, were dependent variables. A second analysis compared ADHD athletes with no history of concussion to those with a history of concussion on the HRQL indexes. Results: Participants diagnosed with ADHD (n = 80) had statistically significant differences on the Physical Functioning (t(782) = −3.359, p &lt; 0.001), Depression ((t(782) = −2.820, p = 0.002) and Cognitive (t(782) = −3.570, p &lt; 0.001) domains of the HRQL, compared to athletes without ADHD. Among the athletes who are diagnosed with ADHD, no mental health differences were found between those who have at least one concussion and those who do not. Conclusions: This study did not find a significant effect of concussion on mental health outcomes in participants with ADHD. However, athletes with ADHD present with higher mental health symptoms which may merit closer monitoring.
A-13 A Description of Patient Characteristics and Predictors for Vestibular Therapy Referral Following Concussion
Authors: Fedor S , Womble M , Elbin R J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To describe patient characteristics and predictors for vestibular therapy referral among concussion patients with vestibular and ocular motor dysfunction. Methods: Medical records from 1083 patients (12-50 yrs) seeking care for concussion within 30 days of injury were extracted. Demographics and clinical outcomes (symptoms, vestibular/oculomotor change scores, and state anxiety) were described and associations between referral and these variables were explored with chi-square analyses and a logistic regression. Results: Twenty-one percent (229/1083, Mage = 22.34, SD = 10.26 yrs, 64% female) of patients received vestibular therapy referral. The most frequent risk factors included symptom burden (94%), vestibular/ocular motor symptom provocation (88%), convergence insufficiency (73%), state anxiety (66%), and post-traumatic migraine (PTM) (52%). The LR (χ2(13, 1083) = 142.24, p &lt; 0.001) revealed vestibular/ocular motor provocation (adjusted OR = 3.88, p &lt; 0.001) showed the greatest likelihood for referral followed by symptom burden (adjusted OR = 2.78, p &lt; 0.001), convergence insufficiency (adjusted OR = 2.77, p &lt; 0.001), first clinical visit longer than one week (adjusted OR = 1.90, p &lt; 0.001), and on-field dizziness (adjusted OR = 1.51, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Approximately 25% of concussed patients receive vestibular therapy. These patients have more vestibular/ocular motor impairment, dizziness, and overall symptom burden.
A-18 MRI-based Post-Concussive Syndrome (PCS) Index: No Differences between Athletes and Non-Athletes
Authors: González P , Rosella P , Totterman S , Schreyer E , Venkataraman A , Meyers S , Tamez-Peña J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate for differences in patients with post-concussive syndrome from sports-related versus non-sports related mTBI using a machine-learning algorithm of MRI data. Methods: For this retrospective study, we explored the MRI records of 28 Athletes (17 M, 11F) and 16 non-Athletes (6 M, 10F) with a history of concussion and clinical PCS, and 73 no concussed reference controls (26 M,47F). All subjects were between 19 and 35-years in age. The MRI studies were done in a clinical 3 T MRI scanner. MPRAGE, DTI-FA and DTI-ADC images were used to extract radiomics features from automatically segmented MRI structures of the brain. After that, the radiomic features were processed to extract the MRI-PCS Index (Qmetrics Technologies, Rochester, NY). MRI-PCS Index is an Artificial-Intelligence (AI) derived holistic evaluation of brain health that ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. The index indicates the degree of signal/structural abnormalities found in the brain tissue of a concussed subject when compared to a non-concussed subject; hence it provides an objective measurement of PCS. Results: The sports played by the athletes were mainly football, hockey, lacrosse, and soccer while non-Athletes were mainly concussed in motor vehicle accidents. Athletes MRI-PCS Index was similar to non-Athletes (0.78 vs 0.78, p = 0.89) and both indexes were very different to the reference control (MRI-PCS Index = 0.23, IQR = 0.10–0.38, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The MRI-PCS Index, an objective measurement of structural brain health, indicated that subjects that suffer from PCS present similar MRI abnormality burden regardless of whether the mTBI was related to sports injuries or other trauma.
A-23 Neurorehabilitation of Equestrians with Post-Concussive Syndrome Decreases Symptom Severity
Authors: Kalambaheti E , Kornfeld S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The literature shows the risk of concussion for equestrians is equivalent to or greater than athletes in contact sports with approximately half of all equestrians reporting one or more concussions in their career. Despite this, the majority of equestrians do not receive care for their concussion which can lead to chronic neuropsychological symptoms and post-concussion syndrome. Methods: A neurorehabilitation clinic treated 6 equestrians, 100% female with an average age of 40.5 years (+/−9.5), with post-concussion syndrome following head injuries received while riding. A 5-day, multi-modal neurorehabilitation program was administered in 10 one-hour treatment sessions. Each session consisted of a patient-specific combination of photobiomodulation, repetitive peripheral somatosensory stimuli, neuromuscular reeducation, vestibular rehabilitation, orthoptic exercises, cognitive exercises, and/or off-vertical axis rotation utilizing a multi-axis rotational chair. Results: On intake, average overall symptom severity score of the SCAT5 graded symptom checklist was 44.17 (+/−23.90), and average severity of emotional domain symptoms (Nervousness/Anxiety, Irritability, Sadness, More Emotional) was 6.67 (+/−4.80). On exit, the average emotional domain symptom severity score decreased by 67.50% (2.17 +/−2.14) while the average total symptom severity score decreased by 57.74% (18.67 +/−14.60). Conclusions: The results show that neurorehabilitation was beneficial at decreasing overall symptom severity in equestrians with post-concussion syndrome, especially symptoms within the emotional domain. The authors suggest further research be performed with a more diverse and larger population and further concussion education be provided to equestrians to promote seeking care following a head injury.
A-31 Examining Interactions between Concussion Population and Biological Sex on Post-Concussive Symptom Reporting in FITBIR
Authors: Merritt V C , Thomas M L , Witten C , Jak A J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine interactions between population (sport/civilian vs. military) and biological sex (females vs. males) on post-concussive symptom reporting using Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research (FITBIR) data. Methods: Data were obtained from the national FITBIR informatics system. Studies released as of 04/07/21 that included both males and females with a history of concussion were included. In total, 6 studies with 9957 participants (8918 sport/civilian, 1039 military; 3209 females, 6748 males) were evaluated. Symptom measures included the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-3rd Edition, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, and Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. These measures were harmonized to generate an overall composite score and three symptom domains (somatic, affective, and cognitive). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Symptom scores were regressed onto population, sex, and the population-by-sex interaction. Results: We found significant main effects of population (military&gt;sport/civilian; beta(β) = 0.30, p = 0.003) and sex (females&gt;males; β = 0.06, p &lt; 0.001) on the overall composite, as well as a significant population-by-sex interaction such that female service members/veterans endorsed the highest rates of symptoms (β = 0.27, p &lt; 0.001). Similar patterns of significance and effect sizes were observed for the somatic and affective composites. Cognitive symptom composites showed a similar pattern, but with smaller effect sizes overall. Conclusions: Findings increase our understanding of population and sex-specific experiences following concussion, suggesting a need for individually-tailored treatments and interventions for these groups. Future studies are planned using FITBIR data to further explore the population-by-sex interaction on post-injury outcomes.
A-38 Sport-related Concussion as a Stressor: Differential Memory for Emotion and Neutral Words
Authors: Riegler K E , Thomas G A , Bradson M L , Arnett P A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To explore if the acute stress associated with sport-related concussion (SRC) leads to differential memory for neutral versus emotion words. Based on a Roozendaal and colleagues’ (2002) model of stress and memory, we hypothesized: Following SRC, athletes will demonstrate better recall for neutral compared to emotion words at immediate recall but demonstrate the reverse pattern on delayed recall, with better recall for emotion compared to neutral words. Methods: 80 (73 Males,7 Females) collegiate athletes completed a neuropsychological evaluation within 14 days of SRC. Two verbal learning and memory tasks were administered: neutral words [Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R)] and emotion words [Affective Word List (AWL)]. Both tasks had three learning trials and a delayed (20–25 minutes) recall. Paired samples t-tests were conducted to compare memory for emotion words (AWL) and neutral words (HVLT-R): AWL Total Immediate Recall vs. HVLT-R Total Immediate Recall and AWL Delayed Recall vs. HVLT-R Delayed Recall. Results: Following concussion, athletes’ memory for neutral words (M = 94.92, SD = 16.17) did not significantly differ from memory for emotion words (M = 96.83, SD = 18.28) on immediate recall trials, (t(79) = −0.91, p = 0.37, d = 0.11). However, memory for emotion words (M = 96.83, SD = 16.98) was significantly better than memory for neutral words (M = 90.84, SD = 20.58) after a delay, (t(79) = 2.97, p = 0.004, d = −0.33). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the stress associated with SRC differentially impacts delayed retrieval of neutral compared to emotion words. Because memory is often impaired following SRC, a more nuanced examination of learning and memory can help clinicians understand neuropsychological deficits associated with SRC, and possibly have implications for addressing memory difficulties.
A-48 The Relationship Between Concussion History and Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol Domains of Health-Related Quality of Life in College-Aged Individuals
Authors: Tracey A J , Zynda A J , Valovich McLeod T C , Covassin T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between concussion history and emotional and behavioral dyscontrol domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in college-aged individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of individuals ages 18–25 years was conducted. Participants completed demographics, medical history, and the Neuro-QOL Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol Short Form (Neuro-QOL). A t-score &gt; 50 on the Neuro-QOL indicated better outcomes for emotional and behavioral dyscontrol. A Mann–Whitney U Test compared scores on the Neuro-QOL between individuals with and without self-reported concussion history. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between concussion history on the probability of higher or lower Neuro-QOL scores. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Two hundred fifty-two participants (155 female; age = 19.95 years; SD = 1.53 years) were included, 76 (30.2%) with concussion history and 176 (69.8%) without concussion history. No significant difference in Neuro-QOL t-scores was noted between groups (concussion history: t = 49.4, SE = 2.4; no concussion history; t = 49.4, SE = 2.4; p = 0.47). Individuals with reported concussion history were 1.16 times more likely to score higher on the Neuro-QOL than those without concussion history when controlling for gender (95% CI [0.66, 2.04]); however, this was not significant (p = 0.61). Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that emotional and behavioral dyscontrol domains are not influenced by prior concussion history. Future research should continue to explore HRQoL domains (e.g., physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment) most impacted by concussion, as well as the influence of prior mental health conditions or behavioral dysfunction following a subsequent injury.
Choices by organisms: on the role of freedom in behaviour and evolution
Authors: Kull Kalevi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Neo-Darwinian biology has demonstrated that it is possible to construct a theory of life that excludes the role of organisms’ free choice. In a richer theory, the latter as a possibility needs to be taken into account. For that purpose, it is necessary to introduce the biological concept of choice, analyse its structure and roles, and consider some implications for biological theory. It is argued here that the conditions for free choice emerge together with umwelt—the space of synchronous options. Basically, choice does not require purpose. This leads to the conclusion that freedom is an attribute of life.
Multiple cortical visual streams in humans
Authors: Rolls Edmund T , Deco Gustavo , Huang Chu-Chung , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe effective connectivity between 55 visual cortical regions and 360 cortical regions was measured in 171 HCP participants using the HCP-MMP atlas, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. A Ventrolateral Visual “What” Stream for object and face recognition projects hierarchically to the inferior temporal visual cortex, which projects to the orbitofrontal cortex for reward value and emotion, and to the hippocampal memory system. A Ventromedial Visual “Where” Stream for scene representations connects to the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus. An Inferior STS (superior temporal sulcus) cortex Semantic Stream receives from the Ventrolateral Visual Stream, from visual inferior parietal PGi, and from the ventromedial-prefrontal reward system and connects to language systems. A Dorsal Visual Stream connects via V2 and V3A to MT+ Complex regions (including MT and MST), which connect to intraparietal regions (including LIP, VIP and MIP) involved in visual motion and actions in space. It performs coordinate transforms for idiothetic update of Ventromedial Stream scene representations. A Superior STS cortex Semantic Stream receives visual inputs from the Inferior STS Visual Stream, PGi, and STV, and auditory inputs from A5, is activated by face expression, motion and vocalization, and is important in social behaviour, and connects to language systems.
Evolution of novel strains ofEnsifernodulating the invasive legumeLeucaena leucocephala(Lam.) de Wit in different climatic regions of India through lateral gene transfer
Authors: Chouhan Bhawana , Tak Nisha , Bissa Garima , Adhikari Dibyendu , Barik Saroj K , Sprent Janet I , James Euan K , Jha Shweta , Gehlot Hukam S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMore than 200 root-nodule bacterial strains were isolated from Leucaena leucocephala growing at 42 sampling sites across 12 states and three union territories of India. Genetic diversity was observed among 114 strains from various climatic zones; based on recA, these were identified as strains of Ensifer, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium. In multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) strains clustered into several novel clades and lineages. Ensifer were predominant nodulating genotype isolated from majority of alkaline soils, while Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium strains were isolated from a limited sampling in North-Eastern states with acidic soils. Positive nodulation assays of selected Ensifer representing different genetic combinations of housekeeping and sym genes suggested their broad host range within the closely related mimosoid genera Vachellia, Senegalia, Mimosa, and Prosopis. Leucaena selected diverse strains of Ensifer and Mesorhizobium as symbionts depending on available soil pH, climatic, and other edaphic conditions in India. Lateral gene transfer seems to play a major role in genetic diversification of Ensifer exhibited in terms of Old World vs. Neotropical genetic make-up and mixed populations at several sites. Although Neotropical Ensifer strains were most symbiotically effective on Leucaena, the native Ensifer are promiscuous and particularly well-adapted to a wide range of sampling sites with varied climates and edaphic factors.
Modelling alternating current effects in a submerged arc furnace
Authors: Luckins Ellen K , Oliver James M , Please Colin P , Sloman Benjamin M , Valderhaug Aasgeir M , Van Gorder Robert A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Modelling the production of silicon in a submerged arc furnace (SAF) requires accounting for the wide range of timescales of the different physical and chemical processes: the electric current which is used to heat the furnace varies over a timescale of around $10^{-2}\,$ s, whereas the flow and chemical consumption of the raw materials in the furnace occurs over several hours. Models for the silicon furnace generally either include only the fast-timescale, or only the slow-timescale processes. In a prior work, we developed a model incorporating effects on both the fast and slow timescales, and used a multiple-timescales analysis to homogenise the fast variations, deriving an averaged model for the slow evolution of the raw materials. For simplicity, in the previous work we focussed on the electrical behaviour around the base of a single electrode, and prescribed the current in this electrode to be sinusoidal, with given amplitude. In this paper, we extend our previous analysis to include the full electrical system, modelled using an equivalent circuit system. In this way, we demonstrate how the two furnace-modelling approaches (on the fast and slow timescales) may be combined in a computationally efficient way. Our previously derived model for the arc resistance is based on the assumption that the dominant heat loss from the arc is by radiation (we will refer to this as the radiation model). Alternative arc models include the empirical Cassie and Mayr models, which are commonly used in the SAF literature. We compare these various arc models, explore the dependence of the solution of our model on the model parameters and compare our solutions with measurements from an operational silicon furnace. In particular, we show that only the radiation arc model has a rising current-voltage characteristic at high currents. Simulations of the model show that there is an upper limit on the length of the furnace arc, above which all the current bypasses the arc and flows through the surrounding material.
Passive learning and incidental exposure to news
Authors: Stroud Natalie Jomini , Scacco Joshua M , Kim Yujin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Three criteria for political learning are opportunity, ability, and motivation. Models of passive learning call into question whether motivation is a necessary condition for learning about politics. Passive learning contends that incidental, or unintended, exposure to political content can produce learning among those unmotivated to view the content. To date, researchers have not found a way to conclusively test the idea of passive learning. By designing an experiment that gives individuals a choice in media content, we propose one strategy for testing passive learning among the unmotivated. Across four studies, the results illustrate limitations on the circumstances under which passive learning occurs and suggest that learning results from situations where incidental exposure sparks motivation.
On the psychophysiological and defensive nature of psychological reactance theory
Authors: Clayton Russell B 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study incorporated the dual-motivational theory with psychological reactance theory to investigate the cognitive and emotional responses that unfold when audience members encounter a freedom-threatening message and experience psychological reactance. A total of 100 college-aged, daily e-cigarette users were purposively recruited and randomly assigned to view four, 30-second anti-vaping public service announcements (PSAs) in random presentation featuring either dogmatic or suggestive language. As expected, daily e-cigarette users in the dogmatic anti-vaping PSA condition self-reported greater unpleasantness, freedom threat, psychological reactance, and behavioral intentions to use e-cigarettes than daily e-cigarette users in the suggestive anti-vaping PSA condition. Daily e-cigarette users in the dogmatic anti-vaping PSA condition also had greater defensive motivational reactivity during message exposure as indicated by greater corrugator muscle activation, skin conductivity levels, and less heart rate deceleration than daily e-cigarette users in the suggestive anti-vaping PSA condition. Taken together, this study provides substantial evidence of the psychophysiological and defensive nature of psychological reactance theory.