bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial cylinder liner defect detection using a transformer with a block division and mask mechanism
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Xiaohua , Shao Xiuyan , Hao Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the field of artificial intelligence, a large number of promising tools, such as condition-based maintenance, are available for large internal combustion engines. The cylinder liner, which is a key engine component, is subject to defects due to the manufacturing process. In addition, the cylinder liner straightforwardly affects the usage and safety of the internal combustion engine. Currently, the detection of cylinder liner quality mainly depends on manual human detection. However, this type of detection is destructive, time-consuming, and expensive. In this paper, a new cylinder liner defect database is proposed. The goal of this research is to develop a nondestructive yet reliable method for quantifying the surface condition of the cylinder liner. For this purpose, we propose a transformer method with a block division and mask mechanism on our newly collected cylinder liner defect database to automatically detect defects. Specifically, we first use a local defect dataset to train the transformer network. With a hierarchical-level architecture and attention mechanism, multi-level and discriminative feature are obtained. Then, we combine the transformer network with the block division method to detect defects in 64 local regions, and merge their results for the high-resolution image. The block division method can be used to resolve the difficulty of the in detecting the small defect. Finally, we design a mask to suppress the influence of noise. All methods allow us to achieve higher accuracy results than state-of-the-art algorithms. Additionally, we show the baseline results on the new database.
Determinants of birth asphyxia at public hospitals in Ilu Aba Bor zone southwest, Ethiopia: a case control study
Authors: Fekede Tarekegn , Fufa Abeya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBirth asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal deaths, which accounts for about 31.6% of all neonatal deaths in Ethiopia. Despite its being one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, its determinants were not investigated according to local context. So, this study was aimed at investigating the determinants of asphyxia at Illu Aba Bor zone public health facilities. An institution-based case–control study was employed. A pre-tested, structured and adapted interviewer administered questionnaire for mothers of newborn interviews and a data extraction tool for chart review were used. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for further analysis. A binary logistic regression was employed, and variables with a p-value < 0.25 were taken to a multi-variable logistic regression. Finally, a Bonferroni correction was used and variables with a p-value < 0.0038 at 95% CI were declared statistically significant. A total of 308 (103 cases vs 205 controls) mothers of newborns were interviewed, yielding a response rate of 100%. The mean age (SD) of mothers for the cases and the controls were (25.97 ± 4.47) and (25.52 ± 4.17) respectively. Prolonged duration of labor [AOR 4.12; 95% CI 1.78, 9.50], non-cephalic fetal presentation [AOR 4.35; 95% CI 1.77, 10.67], being preterm [AOR 5.77; l95% CI 2.62, 12.69] and low birth weight [AOR 4.43; (95% CI 1.94, 10.13) were found to be the determinants of birth asphyxia. Prolonged duration of labor, non-cephalic presentation, prim parous, preterm, and low birth weight were the independent determinants of birth asphyxia. Hence, improving the utilization of parthograph during labor and interventions focusing on this area should give priority to reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality.
Influence of clay mineral content on mechanical properties and microfabric of tailings
Authors: Zhang Chao , Pan Zhenkai , Yin Hongwu , Ma Changkun , Ma Lei , Li Xueting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClay mineral content has an important influence on the mechanical behaviour of tailings, and this mechanical behaviour significantly affects the stability of tailings dams. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were carried out on tailings from three different regions. The chemical and mineral composition of the tailings are analyzed. The strength and failure deformation of the tailings were studied by laboratory triaxial compression tests. The effect of clay content on the behaviour of tailings was investigated. The microfabric of tailings sample was examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption tests. The results show that the confining pressure corresponding to the samples exhibiting strain hardening increases with the increase of the content of clay minerals. The cohesion of tailings increases linearly, and the specific surface area decreases as the content of clay minerals increases. Nitrogen adsorption test results reveal from a microscopic point of view that changes in pore structure are associated with the content of clay minerals. The higher the content of clay minerals is, the higher the proportion of micropores is (aggregated interior). Macroscopically, the overall porosity decreases and the size of the pores increases with clay content, which will directly affect the mechanical properties of tailings.
Less animal protein and more whole grain in US school lunches could greatly reduce environmental impacts
Authors: Stern Alexandra L. , Blackstone Nicole Tichenor , Economos Christina D. , Griffin Timothy S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAltering dietary patterns is essential to ameliorating the environmental impacts of the world food system. The U.S. National School Lunch Program shapes the consumption of America’s children and adolescents, providing a meaningful opportunity to reduce dietary environmental impacts. Here, we collate life cycle inventories relevant to the National School Lunch Program and assess the environmental impacts of a representative sample of lunches served in the U.S. during the 2014–2015 school year to inform school meal policy. The mean ± SE impact per lunch was 1.5 ± 0.03 kg CO2 eq. climate change, 1.8 ± 0.03 m2a crop eq. land use, 0.055 ± 0.00 m3 water consumption, and 0.24 ± 0.05 g phosphorus eq. freshwater and 3.1 ± 0.00 g nitrogen eq. marine eutrophication. Meat products contributed the most (28–67%) to total impacts for all impact categories. Lunches in the top quintile of impacts contributed an outsized proportion to total impacts (~40%) suggesting that policy changes related to these lunches should be prioritized. To reduce the environmental impacts of the National School Lunch Program, our results support increasing whole grain requirements and providing serving size or frequency limits for beef.
Clinicians' and Managers' Views and Experiences of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Service Provision for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families of Young Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Ng Zheng Yen , Waite Monique , Ekberg Katie , Hickson Louise 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to gather the views and experiences of clinicians and managers on early intervention audiology and speech-language pathology services for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) families of children with hearing loss.

Method:
This qualitative descriptive study involved 27 semistructured interviews with audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and managers working with CALD families of young children with hearing loss. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit participants from three hearing centers working with these families. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
Analysis of the data resulted in five themes: (a) There were perceived added complexities for CALD families in accessing and being involved in services and receiving information; (b) there were perceived family–provider relationship complexities, cultural differences, and service delivery challenges in working with CALD families; (c) clinicians and managers used various strategies for service provision of CALD families; (d) involving interpreters benefited service provision but was challenging at times; and (e) looking to the future and recommendations for clinical practice.

Conclusions:
Current practices reflect some principles of family-centered care for CALD families of young children with hearing loss. Families and services may benefit from more support regarding family–provider partnerships, information materials and child assessments, working with interpreters, and center support for time and resources.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20044427
The Complexity of Stuttering Behavior in Adults and Adolescents: Relationship to Age, Severity, Mental Health, Impact of Stuttering, and Behavioral Treatment Outcome
Authors: O'Brian Sue , Jones Mark , Packman Ann , Onslow Mark , Menzies Ross , Lowe Robyn , Cream Angela , Hearne Anna , Hewat Sally , Harrison Elisabeth , Block Susan , Briem Anne 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:This study investigated the complexity of stuttering behavior. It described and classified the complexity of stuttering behavior in relation to age, behavioral treatment outcomes, stuttering severity, anxiety-related mental health, impact of stuttering, and gender.Method:For this study, a taxonomy was developed—LBDL-C7—which was based on the Lidcombe Behavioral Data Language of stuttering. It was used by five experienced judges to analyze the complexity of stuttering behavior for 84 adults and adolescents before and after speech restructuring treatment. Data were 3,100 stuttering moments, which were analyzed with nominal logistic regression.Results:The complexity of stuttering behavior appears not to change as a result of treatment, but it does appear to change with advancing age. Complexity of stuttering behavior was found to be independently associated with clinician stuttering severity scores but not with percentage of syllables stuttered or self-reported stuttering severity. Complexity of stuttering behavior was not associated with gender, anxiety, or impact of stuttering.Conclusion:Clinical and research applications of these findings are discussed.
A novel feature extraction method of human‐vehicle classification based on low resolution radar
Authors: Ma Beili , Chen Baixiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method using target movement characteristic is proposed to classify human and vehicle based on low resolution radar system. Many studies have demonstrated the ability of radar micro‐Doppler signature for ground moving targets classification. However, the micro‐Doppler signals are not always observed in practical application. Considering the motion characteristic of human and vehicle, a multi‐frame joint scheme is proposed, in which three suitable features are extracted and the Random Forest classifier is used to identify three kinds of moving targets. The experiment results with satisfied classification accuracy prove that the proposed method is capable of human‐vehicle classification.
Efficient switched‐capacitor multilevel inverters for high‐power solar photovoltaic systems
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Mohammad Ali , Sarebanzadeh Maryam , Garcia Cristian , Babaei Ebrahim , Rodriguez Jose 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSwitched‐capacitor multilevel inverters are suitable topologies for renewable and sustainable energy due to a low number of dc‐link voltages. This article presents two extendable configurations for switched‐capacitor multilevel inverters to be applied to solar photovoltaic systems. The first extendable configuration applies only to two DC supplies, and the number of levels is increased by connecting several capacitors in series, while the second extendable configuration uses a combination of DC sources and capacitors. The proposed inverters have a self‐voltage balancing capability, and they reduce the voltage stress of switches, which leads to a reduction in the value of switching losses. The comparison indicates that both extendable topologies have advantages over most reported multilevel inverters, such as a low number of capacitors and semiconductors, low voltage stress, high boost factors, and a low‐cost factor. An efficiency assessment is also presented, which shows the efficiency of the proposal is higher than recent topologies. The proposed inverter is tested and simulated for a high‐power solar photovoltaic system that shows it possesses excellent performance with a high‐quality output waveform. The functionality of the proposal is tested and evaluated by building a laboratory prototype.
Radiofrequenzablation benigner Schilddrüsenknoten
Authors: Grünwald Frank , Baumgarten Justus , Happel Christian , Sabet Amir , Gröner Daniel 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Radiofrequenzablation ist ein effektives Verfahren, um benigne Schilddrüsenknoten bis zu einem Volumen von etwa 100 ml zu behandeln. Sie ist gut verträglich und kommt zurzeit − zusammen mit der Echopulstherapie − in Deutschland am häufigsten zur lokalen Therapie benigner Schilddrüsenknoten zum Einsatz. Insgesamt ist eine Volumenreduktion von etwa 50–70 % zu erwarten, bei zystischen Knoten und Mixed-pattern-Läsionen etwas mehr als bei soliden Knoten. Anfangsvolumen, Struktur und Echogenität sind wichtige Parameter, welche die Effektivität beeinflussen. Es kommen bipolare und monopolare Verfahren zum Einsatz − die Auswahl des jeweiligen Verfahrens hängt v. a. von der persönlichen Präferenz des Behandelnden ab. Bei größeren Knoten wird eher die bipolare Technik angewendet. Gekühlte Systeme sind – insbesondere bei größeren Sonden – in jedem Fall vorzuziehen. Gravierendere Nebenwirkungen sind selten (< 1 %) und meist nur transient.
Metastatic Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor of Ovary—A Rare Presentation
Authors: Saha Sanghamitra , Ghosh Priya , Mukherjee Geetashree , Roy Arunava 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) occur more commonly in lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or pancreas. NETs in locations such as ovaries are rare, and they have been described mainly in case reports. Here we describe a patient with primary NET of ovary presenting with distant metastases to peritoneum, liver, lung, and mediastinal lymph nodes.
Involvement of Epigenomic Factors in Bile Duct Cancer
Authors: Rogalska-Taranta Magdalena , Andersen Jesper B. 
Published: June 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of primary liver cancer. Due to its often-silent manifestation, sporadic nature, and typically late clinical presentation, it remains difficult to diagnose and lacks effective nonsurgical therapeutic options. Extensive research aiming in understanding the mechanisms underlying this disease have provided strong evidence for the significance of epigenetics contributing to its onset, progression, and dissemination. This dysregulation in a myriad of signaling pathways, leading to malignancy, spans altered deoxyribonucleic acid and histone methylation, histone acetylation, and chromatin remodeling, as well as genetic modifications in essential genes controlling these epigenetic processes. An advantage to epigenetic modifications is that they, compared with mutations, are reversible and can partially be controlled by inhibiting the responsible enzymatic machinery. This opens novel possibilities for developing new treatment modalities with benefit for CCA patients.In this article, we have reviewed the current status of epigenome modifications described in CCA, including the role of posttranslational histone modifications and chromatin remodeling, as well as novel advances in treatment options.
Profiles of the Patients and Their Referral Patterns Visiting the Psychiatry Clinic of a General Hospital Setting Located in a Mental Health Resource Deficient Region of India: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Gupta Snehil , Rozatkar Abhijit R. , Chaudhary Pooja , KK Adhil , Vullanki Sai Sreeja , Kachhawaha Gaurav 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives Treatment for mental health problems is determined by cultural, health infrastructure, and illness-related factors. Literature is sparse from India, particularly from the mental health resources-deficient regions of the country such as central India. Therefore, the current study is aimed at assessing the profile of the patients visiting the psychiatry outpatient facility (OPF) of a tertiary-care general hospital setting (GHS), their referral patterns, and their determinants.

Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review of the newly registered individuals (October 2019 to March 2020) in the psychiatry OPF of the GHS from Central India was used in the study. Data (sociodemographic profiles, illness characteristics, and referral patterns) were extracted as per the standard guidelines.

Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used to represent sociodemographic, illness-, and past treatment-related characteristics of the participants. Chi-squared test was used to compare the referral characteristics of the two groups (self-referred patients vs. those referred by others, dependent variable) with regard to characteristics of the patients (independent variables).

Results A total of 418 individuals were registered in the clinic. Most individuals suffered from the neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform group of disorders (n = 231, 39.5%). More than halves were self-referred; most were referred from the internal medicine and allied departments. Being male, having at least graduate degree (χ2df(1) = 4.25 to 6.79, p < 0.05), suffering from organic mental-, psychotic-, and recurrent affective-disorders, and positive family history (χ2df(1) = 4.91 to 21.76, p < 0.05 to <0.001) along with first treatment attempt or previous treatment from the traditional healers, and absence of co-occurring medical illness were associated with self-referral (vs. referred by others) (χ2df(1) = 4.64 to 17.6, p < 0.05 to <0.001).

Conclusions GHS has a characteristic referral pattern. The referral patterns of the patients for various psychiatric problems are determined by their sociodemographic, illness, and cultural characteristics; particularly, poor mental health literacy (among the patients-caregivers), stigma related to mental disorders, and unavailability of the mental health services act as major determinants. Sensitizing the patients-caregivers and health-care professionals concerning this could facilitate an early engagement with the psychiatric treatment. Future research needs to explore this phenomenon in greater detail, maybe by qualitative methods.
18F-FDG PET-CT in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
Authors: Tan Teik Hin , Rajasuriar Jay Suriar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPositron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) has demonstrated its usefulness in evaluating nonspecific abdominal and inflammatory symptoms. We report a case of young woman with chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT showed subhepatic hypermetabolism. Subsequent diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed the uncommon diagnosis of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome.
Japan’s R&D capabilities have been decimated by reduced class hours for science and math subjects
Authors: Nishimura Kazuo , Miyamoto Dai , Yagi Tadashi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe number of published scientific papers and patent applications are indicators of a country’s research and development (R&D) capabilities. Since the 2010s, these indicators have declined in Japan. One important reason for this decline is the change in science and mathematics education provided in schools. Education in school can greatly impact the quality of future researchers in science. To examine the impact of the number of class hours in science and mathematics that researchers received in school over the past 50 years, this study analysed data from two surveys conducted in 2016 and 2020. The results show that there is a decline in the number of patents for the younger generation that cannot be explained by age differences, and it is highly correlated with a decline in the total number of hours of science and math in junior high school. Educational policies influence student attitudes towards learning. Changes should be implemented only after validating their effects from a long-term perspective because education policies may have unintended negative impacts on a country’s economic growth.
Fast imaging of laser ablation of cerium: Dependence of plasma plume dynamics and structure on native oxide growth
Authors: Auner A. W. , Crowhurst J. C. , Nagel L. A. , Weisz D. G. , Rousso A. C. , Knight K. B. 
Published: June 2022

We have imaged the evolution of plasma following nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of cerium in air with sub-10 ns resolution. We find the ablated plasma plume expansion and shape to be strongly dependent on the time after mechanical polishing of the sample surface. After an initial shock front common to both new and aged samples (velocities up to 16 km s−1), we observe a second front that is relatively localized to the surface vicinity of newly polished samples, but in the case of older samples it moves outward at velocities of up to 4 km s−1. We attribute this behavior to the formation and growth of a native oxide layer on the order of hours after polishing. These results demonstrate that plasma imaging can be used to diagnose the presence of, and evaluate the extent of, thin surface oxides or other compounds that form soon after exposure to some atmosphere. These findings also highlight the need to explicitly consider the presence of such overlayers when modeling laser/metal interaction, when making measurements of vapor phase chemistry, and when analyzing the composition, phase, and morphology of solid particulates formed after the ablation of reactive metals.
Diet quality, liveweight change and responses to N supplements by cattle grazing
Authors: Dixon R. M. , Sullivan M. T. , O’Connor S. N. , Mayer R. J. 
Published: June 2022

Experiments during 4 years examined the diets selected, growth, and responses to N supplements by Bos indicus-cross steers grazing summer-rainfall semi-arid C4 Astrebla spp. (Mitchell grass) rangelands at a site in north-western Queensland, Australia. Paddock groups of steers were not supplemented (T-NIL), or were fed a non-protein N (T-NPN) or a cottonseed meal (T-CSM) supplement. In Experiment 1, young and older steers were measured during the late dry season (LDS) and the rainy season (RS), while steers in Experiments 2–4 were measured through the annual cycle. Because of severe drought the measurements during Experiment 3 annual cycle were limited to T-NIL steers. Pasture availability and species composition were measured twice annually. Diet was measured at 1–2 week intervals using near infrared spectroscopy of faeces (F.NIRS). Annual rainfalls (1 July–30 June) were 42–68% of the long-term average (471 mm), and the seasonal break ranged from 17 December to 3 March. There was wide variation in pasture, diet (crude protein (CP), DM digestibility (DMD), the CP to metabolisable energy (CP/ME) ratio) and steer liveweight change (LWC) within and between annual cycles. High diet quality and steer liveweight (LW) gain during the RS declined progressively through the transition season (TS) and early dry season (EDS), and often the first part of the LDS. Steers commenced losing LW as the LDS progressed. In Experiments 1 and 2 where forbs comprised ≤15 g/kg of the pasture sward, steers selected strongly for forbs so that they comprised 117–236 g/kg of the diet. However, in Experiments 3 and 4 where forbs comprised substantial proportions of the pasture (173–397 g/kg), there were comparable proportions in the diet (300–396 g/kg). With appropriate stocking rates the annual steer LW gains were acceptable (121–220 kg) despite the low rainfall. The N supplements had no effect on steer LW during the TS and the EDS, but usually reduced steer LW loss by 20–30 kg during the LDS. Thus during low rainfall years in Mitchell grass pastures there were substantial LW responses by steers to N supplements towards the end of the dry season when the diet contained c. <58 g CP/kg or c. <7.0 g CP/MJ ME.