bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical reorganization of the glutamate synapse in the activity‐based anorexia rat model: Impact on cognition
Authors: Mottarlini Francesca , Targa Giorgia , Bottan Giorgia , Tarenzi Benedetta , Fumagalli Fabio , Caffino Lucia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPatients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) display altered neural activity, morphological, and functional connectivity in the fronto‐striatal circuit. In addition, hypoglutamatergic transmission and aberrant excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) observed in AN patients might underpin cognitive deficits that fuel the vicious cycle of dieting behavior. To provide a molecular mechanism, we employed the activity‐based anorexia (ABA) rat model, which combines the two hallmarks of AN (i.e., caloric restriction and intense physical exercise), to evaluate structural remodeling together with alterations in the glutamatergic signaling in the mPFC and their impact on temporal memory, as measured by the temporal order object recognition (TOOR) test. Our data indicate that the combination of caloric restriction and intense physical exercise altered the homeostasis of the glutamate synapse and reduced spine density in the mPFC. These events, paralleled by an impairment in recency discrimination in the TOOR test, are associated with the ABA endophenotype. Of note, after a 7‐day recovery period, body weight was recovered and the mPFC structure normalized but ABA rats still exhibited reduced post‐synaptic stability of AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors associated with cognitive dysfunction. Taken together, these data suggest that the combination of reduced food intake and hyperactivity affects the homeostasis of the excitatory synapse in the mPFC contributing to maintain the aberrant behaviors observed in AN patients. Our findings, by identifying novel potential targets of AN, may contribute to more effectively direct the therapeutic interventions to ameliorate, at least, the cognitive effects of this psychopathology.

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A method of characterising the complex anatomy of vascular occlusions and 3D printing biomimetic analogues
Authors: O'Reilly Muireann , Beatty Rachel , McBride Shauna , Brennan Benjamin , Dockery Peter , Duffy Garry P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChronic total occlusions (CTOs) occur in approximately 40% of individuals with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease and are indicative of critical limb ischaemia. Currently, few medical devices can effectively treat CTOs long‐term, with amputation often required. This is due to a lack of knowledge of CTO anatomy, making device design and testing difficult. This study is a proof‐of‐concept study, which aimed to develop a workflow for further characterising the complex multi‐material anatomy of CTOs and creating 3D models of CTO components, which may be useful in producing a vascular CTO biomimetic for device testing. Here, we establish such a workflow using samples of atheromatous plaques. We focus on a high‐resolution, non‐destructive microcomputed tomography (μCT) technique which enables visualisation of occlusion anatomy at a greater resolution than computed tomography angiography (CTA), which is the typical modality used for CTO clinical visualisation. Four arteries (n = 2 superficial femoral; n = 2 popliteal) with evidence of atheromatous plaques were cut into 8 cm segments, which were then stained with iodine and scanned at low resolution, with calcified regions rescanned at high resolution. Resulting files were manually segmented to generate 3D models, which were then 3D printed in resin using a stereolithography printer to produce parts suitable for creating a biomimetic. In total, μCT files from three arterial segments (n = 2 high resolution, n = 1 low resolution) were deemed suitably calcified for segmentation, and thus were segmented to produce 3D models. 3D models of the arterial wall, intima and atheromatous calcium deposits from a high‐resolution popliteal artery scan were successfully 3D printed at several scales. While this research is at an early stage, it holds great promise. The workflow for segmentation and 3D printing various components of an atheromatous plaque established here is replicable and uses software and equipment which are accessible to research laboratories in both academia and industry. The ability to print detailed models on a desktop 3D printer is unprecedented and can be improved further, which is promising for future development of biomimetics with multi‐material detail of both soft tissue and calcified components of a vascular occlusion. Indeed, this workflow provides a solid foundation for future studies of CTO anatomy and the creation of true, multi‐material CTO biomimetics. Such biomimetics may enable the development of improved interventional devices, as they would mimic the general in vivo CTO environment. As this method cannot be applied in vivo, we cannot yet produce patient‐specific biomimetics, however, these analogues would still be important in device development, which would improve patient outcomes in critical limb ischaemia.
The utility of hierarchical genetic testing in paediatric liver disease
Authors: Wang Fuchuan , Li Yaqi , Zhao Sen , Chen Zefu , Xu Zhiqiang , Wang Lianlei , Zhang Terry Jianguo , Yan Jianguo , Cao Lili , Wang Pu , Li Aiqin , Zhong Yanwei , Wu Zhihong , Qi Xiaolong , Zhang Min , Wu Nan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsGenetic factors underlie a substantial proportion of paediatric liver diseases. Hereditary liver diseases have considerable genetic heterogeneity and variable clinical manifestations, which bring great challenges to clinical and molecular diagnoses. In this study, we investigated a group of paediatric patients with varying degrees of liver dysfunction using a hierarchical genetic testing strategy.MethodsWe first applied a panel encompassing 166 known causal genes of liver disease. We then used exome sequencing (ES) in those patients whose cases remained undiagnosed to identify the genetic aetiology of their symptoms.ResultsIn total, we enrolled 131 unrelated paediatric patients with liver disease of Chinese Han ethnicity. We first applied targeted gene sequencing of 166 genes to all patients and yielded a diagnostic rate of 35.9% (47 of 131). Eighty‐four patients who remained undiagnosed after target gene sequencing were subjected to ES. As a result, eight (8/84, 9.5%) of them obtained molecular diagnoses, including four patients suspected of abnormal bilirubin metabolism and four idiopathic cases. Non‐typical genetic findings, including digenic inheritance and dual molecular diagnosis, were also identified. Through a comprehensive assessment of novel candidate variants of uncertain disease association, 11 patients of the remaining undiagnosed patients were able to obtain likely molecular diagnoses.ConclusionsOur study presents evidence for the diagnostic utility of sequential genetic testing in a cohort of patients with paediatric liver disease. Our findings expand the understanding of the phenotypic and mutational spectrum underlying this heterogeneous group of diseases.
Testing for Co‐explosive Behaviour in Financial Time Series
Authors: Evripidou Andria C. , Harvey David I. , Leybourne Stephen J. , Sollis Robert 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a test to determine if two price series that each contain an explosive autoregressive regime consistent with the presence of a bubble are related in the sense that a linear combination of them is integrated of order zero. We refer to such a phenomenon as ‘co‐explosive behaviour’, and propose a test based on a stationarity testing framework. The test allows the explosive episode in one series to lead (or lag) that in the other by a number of time periods. We establish the asymptotic properties of the test statistic and propose a wild bootstrap procedure for obtaining critical values that are robust to heteroskedasticity. Simulations show that the proposed test has good finite sample size and power performance. An empirical application to detect whether co‐explosive behaviour exists among a set of precious and non‐ferrous metals is presented.
Quality improvement and patient safety in India—Present and future
Authors: Dave Nandini , Yaddanapudi Sandhya , Jacob Rebecca , Varghese Elsa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndia is a vast, populous and diverse country, and this reflects in the state of health care as well. The spectrum of healthcare services ranges from world class at one end, to a dearth of resources at the other. In the rural areas especially, there is a shortage of trained medical personnel, equipment, and medications needed to carry out safe surgery. Several initiatives have and are being made by the government, medical societies, hospitals, and nongovernment organizations to bridge this gap and ensure equitable, safe, and timely access to health for all. Training medical personnel and healthcare workers, accreditation of healthcare facilities, guidelines, and checklists, along with documentation and audit of practices will all help in improving services. This narrative review discusses the measures that have been taken, systems that have been established and the challenges involved in ensuring quality and patient safety in India.
A Mechanistic Study of Wettability Alteration of Calcite as an Example of Carbonate Reservoirs Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Liu Yisheng , He Yongming , Liu Yuetian , Jiang Yancong , Zhang Qichen , Sun Zheng , Di Chang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
It is common sense the wettability alteration in carbonate reservoirs stems from the oil–rock interactions; however, the exact oil component acting as the dominant role remains unclear. This study adopts molecular dynamics technology, takes {101¯4} calcite crystal surface as the mineral surface of carbonate reservoir, uses multiple single-component oils to characterize real crude oil, and conducts research on the wettability alteration of carbonate reservoirs. First, based on the chromatographic analysis results of a certain carbonate reservoir in the Middle East, the simulated oil is divided into polar and nonpolar components. Then, the Materials Studio software and the COMPASS force field were employed to study the natural wettability of the calcite surface, as well as the adsorption characteristic of different oil components and water on the surface of calcite. Results show that the surface of calcite in carbonate reservoirs is indeed water-wet under initial conditions, and the contact angle of calcite surface is equal to 68.47 deg ± 3.6 deg. However, when the crude oil component contains groups of hydroxyl functional group, especially the strongly polar component with multiple hydroxyl functional groups, such as glycerol (GLYC), will cause the originally water-wet calcite surface becomes oil-wet. The main reason for the GLYC component altering the wettability of the calcite surface is hydrogen bonding and Coulomb interaction. Moreover, the results of centroid displacement of nine oil components shown that besides the GLYC component, the rest of the eight components, including the polar component of nitrogen-containing functional groups (Indole), sulfur-containing functional groups (Benzothiophene), as well as five nonpolar components, all migrate away from the calcite surface.
Solar Photovoltaics Integrated With Hydrated Salt-Based Phase Change Material
Authors: Elavarasan Rajvikram Madurai , Singh Preeti , Leoponraj S. , Khanna Sourav , Chandran Mohanraj 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Maintaining the temperature of the photovoltaic (PV) panel within the described standard helps in achieving higher power conversion efficiency. To regulate the PV temperature, phase change material (PCM)-based cooling techniques have been proposed in several literature. However, most of the studies utilize organic PCMs whose low thermal conductivity confines their potential. Thus, in the proposed work, the rear side of the 20 Wp PV panel is coated with hydrated salt-based PCM and is integrated with an aluminum sheet (PV–PCM–Al) to increase the thermal conductivity of the system. The effect of the PV–PCM–Al panel in enhancing the PV efficiency is realized by comparing it with a standard uncooled PV panel. This concept was experimented under direct sunlight for about a week in Chennai, the southern part of India. To perceive the performance enhancement, thermal images were taken for both the cooled and uncooled PV panels. In addition, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power output were measured. The experimentation is also backed up by numerical simulations to understand the heat transfer characteristic features of the designed integrated PCM and aluminum cooling system. The experimentation results highlight that a maximum increase of about 7.67% in the PV efficiency was obtained using a cooled PV panel when compared to an uncooled PV panel. A maximum increase of 7.34% in the open-circuit voltage and a maximum drop of 4.6 °C in the PV temperature were obtained.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Pilot Plant for Cyanide Decontamination: A Novel Solar Rotary Photoreactor
Authors: Tirado-Muñoz Omar , Tirado-Ballestas Irina , Barbosa Lopez Aida Liliana , Colina-Marquez Jose 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the gold extraction in opencast mining, many hazardous substances, such as cyanide, are spilled into the water bodies. This study's aim was to develop a novel rotary photocatalytic TiO2-based reactor to remove cyanide from polluted water using a rotary concentrator photoreactor (RCPR). This pilot-scale reactor was tested with synthetic cyanide water at concentrations from 0.05 to 50 ppm, varying the pH and commercial TiO2 load. The optimal conditions from experimental data were 87.4% of cyanide removal and catalyst load of 0.30 g/L at pH 9.5. Further, samples of cyanide water from an opencast gold mine were treated, achieving removal of 68.7% after 240 min. Our value-added is the rotary motion of the set of four glass tubes, achieving satisfactory performance, which is promising for cyanide wastewater treatment with a more compact footprint than a standard compound parabolic collector (CPC) solar photoreactor. Thus, it was possible to reduce mass and heat transfer limitations with a simple design by considering this photoreactor as a photocatalytic process intensifier.
Tribological Behavior of Electrical Connector Coatings Under Reciprocating Motion
Authors: Tyrer Na , Yang Fan , Barber Gary , Pang Bo , Wang Bingxu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the rapid growth in the use of electronics, more studies are focusing on the tribological performance of electrical connectors. The most common electroplating coating materials are tin and copper. One major issue is when fretting corrosion produces metal oxides, which are likely to increase the electrical resistance at the contact interface. This research aims to reduce metal oxidation of electrical connectors by studying the tribological performance of various thicknesses of tin and copper layers with a designated electrical circuit to be used with a reciprocating wear test. This research considers the effect of tin and copper layer thickness, including the lack of a tin layer, on the tribological behavior. Among coatings tested, a thin coating of copper with no tin resulted in the least wear. A thicker coating of copper significantly increased the wear due to the high roughness of the sample with a thick copper coating. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results indicated that adhesive wear occurred during sliding. Adhered particles led to two-body abrasive wear and when the adhered particles break away three-body abrasive wear is produced.
Designing Hybrid Mechanical Ventilator System Based on Arduino and Raspberry Pi 4
Authors: Malaekah Emad , Al Awam Khaled , Farouk Husham , Abuabid Elamir , Mukhanov Victor V. , Alahmari Abdulwahab , Alshagag Hasan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mechanical ventilators are advanced life-supporting machines in this century. The ventilator needs to be safe, flexible, and easy for competent clinicians to use. Since ventilators supply the patient with gas, they need pneumatic components to be present. First technology ventilators were typically powered by pneumatic energy. Gas pressure is used to power ventilators as well as ventilate patients. Nowadays, ventilators are operated electronically with the useful microprocessor tool. This proposal aims to design a simple portable mechanical ventilator that includes measuring some important physiological variables such as respiratory rate, heart rate, and O2 saturation, which can be utilized in hospital and at home. The proposed system includes Arduino, Raspberry pi4, touch screen, and graphical user interface. This study showed a significant individual performance for measuring some important parameters such as flow rate, tidal volume, and minute ventilation. The accuracy of measuring the flow rate was 72%. The Cohen's kappa (CK) was estimated to be 0.61. The accuracy of calculated the tidal volume was estimated at 83% with 0.80 CK. The accuracy of measuring the O2 saturation was estimated at 99% with 0.99 CK. The advantages of the proposed design are cost-effective, safe, flexible, and easy to use. Also, this system is smart and can control its transactions, so it can be used at home without the need for professional help. The operating parameters can also be set by the user with a simple user interface.
Calculation of the Natural Frequencies of a Fluid-Filled Pipe System With the Coupled Codes dyvro/rohr2: Implementation of an Alternative Coupling Concept
Authors: Neuhaus Thorsten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The vibration of a pipe system can be caused by internal excitation, e.g., as a result of pump-induced pressure pulsations or external excitation like earthquake. For the investigation of these phenomena, the knowledge about the natural frequencies of the pipe system is essential. In this context, it is important to consider that the natural frequencies of the coupled system of fluid and structure commonly differ from the natural frequencies of the pure fluid system and of the structural pipe model in which the fluid is only taken into account as added mass. To obtain realistic natural frequencies of a pipe system filled with a fluid, the one-dimensional fluid code dyvro was coupled with the code rohr2stoss that deals with dynamic analysis of complex piping and steel structures. Two code coupling concepts were realized, the integral concept, which is also commonly used in coupling commercial pipe system software, and the alternative local coupling concept, with which the longitudinal deformation of the pipe segments can be captured. Both concepts consider a two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI). For the integral concept, a verification was performed by comparison with an analytical solution for a simple case with a fluid column connected to a spring–mass system. Additionally, both coupling concepts were validated by comparison with experimental data from literature that revealed strong FSI during a water hammer event. The frequency content of the measured pressure fluctuations could be captured by both coupling concepts.
“I Do What I Like”: 8- to 10-Year-Old Children’s Physical Activity Behavior Is Already Interrelated With Their Automatic Affective Processes
Authors: Limmeroth Julia , Raboldt Michaela 
Published: March 2022

The majority of middle-age children do not meet current physical activity guidelines. There is growing evidence that adults’ physical activity is partially influenced by automatic affective processes, which are derived from affective experiences with physical activity. However, little is known about whether these processes are interrelated with children’s physical activity level. A prospective design was used to examine whether automatic affective processes assessed by an evaluative priming procedure predict physical activity of children. Physical activity of 48 children (8.71 ± 0.71 years; 65% girls) was measured for 1 week with activity trackers. In a linear regression model, automatic affective processes (β = 0.36) significantly predicted physical activity, accounting for 11.02% of variance. These results indicate that physical-activity-related automatic affective processes are associated with children’s physical activity, as has previously been found in adults. This study emphasizes the importance of fostering positive affective experiences associated with physical activity during childhood.
Evidence for pre-Cenozoic extension in the eastern Main Ranges of the southern Canadian Rockies
Authors: Taerum Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The eastern Main Ranges of the southern Canadian Rocky Mountain thrust-and-fold belt include a network of normal faults (the result of apparent extensional episodes) that occur within a contractional orogen. The origin, timing, and nature of these normal faults remain unresolved. A widely accepted explanation proposes that the normal faults developed as a consequence of postcontractional transtension that occurred west of the Rocky Mountain Trench during the Paleogene Period. Detailed field mapping of deformation in the vicinity of several normal faults has provided evidence that the normal fault surfaces and adjacent strata underwent deformation during a contractional episode after the normal faults had formed. Within the study area, located in the upper Kicking Horse region of Yoho National Park, British Columbia, Canada, and within the larger region of the Rocky Mountain belt, the network of normal faults is proposed to have developed as a consequence of rifting that separated pericratonic terranes from North America and produced the Slide Mountain Ocean during the Carboniferous and Permian Periods. Overprinting from more recent tectonic episodes has obscured most of these inferred extensional faults throughout the North American Cordillera. Within the study area, however, the Cretaceous to Paleogene contraction carried the normal faults to their present location over unattenuated continental crust, without significant overprinting. This preservation of the network of normal faults allows for investigation of the relationships among the fault surfaces and the strata adjacent to each fault.
Long-term survival following resection of a solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas with arterial and venous encasement
Authors: Ehemann Joanne , Slater Kellee 
Published: March 2022

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) of the pancreas (also known as Franz tumours) are rare, representing 1%–2% of pancreatic tumours. They are of exocrine gland origin and are more prevalent in women under the age of 30. They are classified as low-grade malignancies and are usually treated with surgery.We present the case of a young woman who was found to have a pancreatic head lesion obstructing the superior mesenteric vein and encasing the superior mesenteric artery. Diagnosis of SPN was confirmed on histology. Initially deemed unresectable due to vascular encasement, the patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy to downstage the tumour. This was unsuccessful. Given the patient’s young age and lack of other options, surgery was performed. Instead of vascular resection, the tumour was split and peeled off the superior mesenteric artery giving an R1 resection. The patient has achieved long-term recurrence free survival at 10 years.