bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathology Pick Up Rate in Routine Preoperative Endoscopy and Its Impact on Patients Undergoing Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Ali Abdulmajid , Ishak Peter , Ugochukwu Chinaka , Bakhshi Andisheh , Mohamed Rifat , Rankin Jean 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Patients with obesity are known for higher chances of having upper gastrointestinal (UGI) pathology and diseases. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) is considered the investigation of choice to detect and confirm UGI pathology in patient with obesity. The routine OGD as a preoperative workup remained controversial before gastric bypass surgery. The need for preoperative OGD on patients undergoing bariatric surgery has been a subject of debate among bariatric surgeons. The study's aim is to evaluate the impact of routine preoperative endoscopy on patients underwent gastric bypass surgery laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB).

Patients and Materials:
Retrospective review of prospectively kept patients' records who underwent LRYGB in our unit from February 2009 to March 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to the absence or presence of symptoms before their preoperative OGD: Group A (asymptomatic patients) and Group B (symptomatic patients). Further data on OGD reports, campylobacter-like organism test and histology results and changes in the management plan were collected and analyzed. Calculation of post hoc power and Fisher's exact test was to investigate the correlation between OGD indication and its findings. All analyses were conducted at a 5% critical level.

Results:
A total of 114 patients included in the analysis, 85 (74.56%) were in Group A and 29 in Group B. OGD detected pathology in 34 patients in Group A and 21 in Group B (P = 0.004). Those included hiatus hernia (HH) (17.65% Group A, 44.83% Group B, P = 0.006); stomach ulcer (7.06% Group A, 3.45% Group B, P = 0.676), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection (12.86% Group A, 29.41% Group B). This led to change of management in 22 patients in Group A and 12 in Group B (P = 0.157). Those changes included H. pylori eradication (10.59% Group A, 17.24% Group B, P = 0.153), HH repair (3.53% Group A, 24.14% Group B, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Preoperative OGD has some significant impact on symptomatic patients. However, this is debatable among asymptomatic patients; hence, cheaper noninvasive alternatives could replace preoperative OGD.
Mineral Bone Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients in the West of Libya
Authors: Ayad Khairi , Shaibani Badreddin , Rahouma Zaynab , AL-Adawi Yousef , Malool Fatma , Smaida Amina , Shamli Samiha , Gattusa Reema 
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is affecting 5%–10% of the world population. As kidney function declines, there is progressive deterioration in minerals homeostasis manifesting as disruption of serum and tissue concentrations of phosphorus, calcium (Ca), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism manifested by any or a combination of the following: abnormalities of Ca, phosphorus, PTH, Vitamin D metabolism, abnormalities of bone turnover, and vascular or soft-tissue calcification, associated with fractures, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in CKD patients. The study aims to identify the prevalence and pattern of CKD-MBD among hemodialysis patients in the west of Libya.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 186 regular hemodialysis patients from five hemodialysis centers in the west of Tripoli-Libya District. All patients were investigated for complete blood count, blood sugar, serum albumin, blood urea, serum creatinine, total Ca level, serum phosphate, serum alkaline phosphatase, and serum intact PTH (iPTH) level.

Results:
According to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality (KDOQ) iPTH level guideline, 88.10% of the studied patients had metabolic bone disorders, and 39.80% showed low bone turnover. About 48.40% were high bone turnover; only 11.80% of studied patients were within the target range according to the KDOQ Initiative guidelines. About 40.36% of studied patients had low calcium levels (below 8.5 mg%), and 35.48% had high phosphorus levels (more than 5.5 mg%). About 61.10% of high bone turnover patients complain of bone pain and 50.50% complain of muscle weakness. Among low bone turnover patients, 36.48% had no symptoms, and 28.38% were complaining of both muscle weakness and bone pain.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of MBDs among studied patients with abnormal PTH levels is 87.6%, distributed as 39.2% in abnormal low PTH (low bone turnover), and 48.4% in abnormal high PTH (high bone turnover).
Isometric quadriceps pressure difference: A simple and cost-effective tool to identify and regain quadriceps muscle strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - A case series
Authors: Jagadevan Mohanakrishnan , Mohanakrishnan Bhanumathy , Balaji Gopisankar , Murugesan Salaja , Fletcher Jebaraj , Kumar Navin , Ramalingam Thangamani 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Quadriceps weakness and extension deficit of the knee following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) can threaten rehabilitation, and isometric quadriceps exercise is the usual prescription. However, the outcome depends more on the individual's re-learning process. Identification of this lacuna and focussed attention to the isometric strength of quadriceps are lacking in the current practice, and developing a tool can lead to optimal outcomes in ACLR. The objective of this study was to assess the role of 'isometric quadriceps pressure difference' (IQPD) in regaining quadriceps strength following the ACLR using a simple tool.

Patients and Methods:
Eight patients who underwent post-operative ACL rehabilitation between March 2016 and May 2018 were analysed retrospectively. A 'progressive isometric training protocol (PITP)' based on IQPD was prescribed along with the standard protocol. Data were collected from the case records of the patients. IQPD, thigh muscle girth and heel height difference (HHD) were noted pre-operatively, immediately following surgery and 3 months post-operatively. A non-parametric test was used to compare the outcomes before and after surgery.

Results:
Based on the analysis, the inclusion of IQPD-based PITP in regaining the terminal extension had a significant statistical difference in the IQPD, HHD and girth (p < 0.007, p < 0.005 and p = 0.027, respectively).

Conclusion:
IQPD can be a simple, cost-effective strategy to identify subtle quadriceps weakness. Further, PITP can improve the isometric quadriceps strength in the acute post-operative period and reduce the incidence of knee extension deficit in post-ACLR.
Knowledge on sports nutrition among student-athletes in Perlis
Authors: Fazilah Fariha Mohammad , Atan Siti Azilah , Zainuddin Nurul Farha , Kassim Ahmad Fikri Mohd , Ismail Ahmad Dzulkarnain , Bakar Al-Hafiz Abu , Kamaruddin Harris Kamal 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Sports nutrition is essential to improve exercise performance and maintain healthy body composition. However, the knowledge of balanced nutrition often being neglected by student-athletes and coaches. Aims: This study aimed to investigate sports nutrition knowledge across gender and level of participation.

Materials and Methods:
The participants were 178 university student-athletes (96 males and 82 females) actively competing in various individual and team sports. The student-athletes completed a sports nutrition knowledge survey to determine the adequate score (mean >75%).

Results:
The overall sports nutrition knowledge was inadequate (61.6% ± 13.1%), specifically only 29 student-athletes who obtained >75% or higher. Male student-athletes score slightly higher than females (62.4% vs 61.6% score), respectively. However, there is no significant difference between gender and level of participation (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the level of participation (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
There was inadequate sports nutritional knowledge among student-athletes regardless of gender and level of participation. The intervention to enhance sports nutritional knowledge and a balanced diet is important for health and optimal athletic performance. Future studies are needed to examine athletes' behaviour and nutritional intake before training or competition.
The effects of running velocity-matched treadmill versus overground-simulated soccer match-play on heart rate and rate of perceived exertion in recreationally trained soccer players: A preliminary study
Authors: Azidin Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja 
Published: August 2022

Background:
There are various attempts to replicate the demands of soccer match-play, simulating the irregular pattern of locomotion based on motion analysis of actual soccer match-play, using either treadmill or underground protocols.

Aims:
The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether the modified treadmill versus overground soccer-specific simulation replicated the physiological effects of match-play.

Methods:
Six healthy (n = 6) recreationally soccer-trained male players (age, 24 ± 2 years; height, 173 ± 7 cm and body mass, 76 ± 6 kg) participated in this repeated measure design study. During the testing session, each player completed a 45-min treadmill and overground-simulated match-play involving the same average running velocity. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 5 min throughout the simulation.

Results:
The physiological responses in the overground simulation (heart rate 169 ± 9 beats.min−1; RPE 14 ± 1) were significantly greater than the treadmill simulation (heart rate 145 ± 12 beats.min−1; RPE 12 ± 1).

Conclusions:
The heart rate and RPE response in the overground simulation was consistent with soccer players during actual match-play. The treadmill simulation, however, demonstrated a lesser physiological response compared to that as observed during match-play likely due to the exclusion of utility movements and high accelerations and deceleration.
Effects of Longitudinal Coaching on Relationships and Feedback Processes in Pediatric Subspecialty Fellowships—An Interpretive Description Study
Authors: Jain Priya G. , McBride Mary E. , Caliendo Anne , Eppich Walter 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Coaching in graduate medical education provides a facilitative approach to feedback as well as opportunities for residents and fellows to engage with feedback and develop individualized improvement goals.

Objective
To explore the roles and actions of successful coaches in longitudinal coaching relationships and how they enable feedback processes.

Methods
Using interpretive description methodology, we performed semi-structured interviews with pediatrics fellows (n=11), faculty coaches (n=9), and program directors (n=2) from 2 pediatric subspecialty fellowship training programs at Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. Both training programs had previously implemented longitudinal clinical coaching programs. Interview questions aimed to explore the roles and impacts of coaches within a longitudinal coaching program. Interviews took place in 2019 and 2020.

Results
We identified 4 major actions to the coaching role in longitudinal coaching relationships: (1) establish the coach-fellow relationship; (2) prepare for the coaching conversation; (3) facilitate feedback dialogue; and (4) serve as the go-to person to raise uncomfortable issues. Additionally, nearly all participants expressed support for a longitudinal coaching program to support fellows' growth and development of personalized learning goals.

Conclusions
By fulfilling these 4 key aspects to the coaching role, coaches in longitudinal relationships with coachees enable feedback processes.
Resting and Recharging: A Narrative Review of Strategies to Improve Sleep During Residency Training
Authors: Redinger Joyce , Kabil Emmad , Forkin Katherine T. , Kleiman Amanda M. , Dunn Lauren K. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Residency involves demanding training with long hours that may cause fatigue and sleep deprivation and adversely impact residents and patients under their care.

Objective
To identify, using a narrative review, evidence-based interventions to reduce the physiologic effects of fatigue and sleep deprivation from overnight and night shift work.

Methods
A PubMed literature search was conducted through August 30, 2021, using the terms “resident” and “sleep” in the title or abstract and further narrowed using a third search term. Observational studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of human subjects written and published in English were included. Studies that were not specific to residents or medical interns or did not investigate an intervention were excluded. Additional studies were identified by bibliography review. Due to the heterogeneity of study design and intervention, a narrative review approach was chosen with results categorized into non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.

Results
Initially, 271 articles were identified, which were narrowed to 28 articles with the use of a third search term related to sleep. Bibliography review yielded 4 additional articles. Data on interventions are limited by the heterogeneity of medical specialty, sample size, length of follow-up, and reliance on self-report. Non-pharmacological interventions including strategic scheduling and sleep hygiene may improve sleep and well-being. The available evidence, including randomized controlled trials, to support pharmacological interventions is limited.

Conclusions
Non-pharmacological approaches to mitigating fatigue and sleep deprivation have varying effectiveness to improve sleep for residents; however, data for pharmacological interventions is limited.
Can Incoming Interns Be Entrusted to Recognize Medical Emergencies? Implementation of a Vignette-Based Cross-Cover Assessment
Authors: Heidemann Lauren A , McTaggart Suzy , Monrad Seetha U , Hartley Sarah 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Interns must recognize urgent clinical situations and know when to seek assistance. However, assessing this skill is challenging.

Objective
We explored whether graduating medical students could determine urgency of medical cross-cover scenarios and what factors were associated with this ability.

Methods
Sixty senior medical students enrolled in an internal medicine residency preparation course, and 28 experts were invited to take an assessment using 4 clinical vignette handoffs, each with 5 to 6 cross-cover scenarios. Respondents were asked whether they would evaluate the patient at bedside and notify their supervising resident. They were asked to rate their comfort managing the scenario, rate the urgency (1=low, 2=moderate, 3=high), and take a medical knowledge quiz. Student performance was categorized based on stratification of clinical urgency—those who underestimated (fourth quartile), accurately estimated (second and third quartile), and overestimated (first quartile) urgency. We examined differences between groups in medical knowledge, action, and confidence using analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test.

Results
Fifty-eight students (96.7%) and 22 experts (78.6%) participated. Clear differentiation emerged between students' ability to estimate urgency on the 3-point urgency scale (lowest quartile: 2.15±0.11; mid-quartiles: 2.38±0.07; upper quartile: 2.61±0.10, respectively). Students who underestimated urgency were less likely to notify their supervising resident (P=.001) and less likely to evaluate a patient at bedside (P=.01). There was no difference in quiz score or comfort level.

Conclusions
Incoming interns vary in their abilities to recognize urgent scenarios, independent of medical knowledge and confidence.
Root Distribution of Nursery Trees and its Relationship to Transplanting Success
Authors: Watson G.W. , Himelick E.B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe natural root distributions of seven species of shade trees (Norway, red and sugar maple, green ash, redbud, ginkgo, and pin oak), growing under nursery conditions were characterized. The north quadrant of the root systems of these trees was more developed than any other quadrant. In general, the vertical distribution of the major roots showed the greatest development at the soil depth of 13-38 cm, with limited growth in the top 12 cm, and decreasing development at depths below 38 cm. The fibrous root densities were usually greater in the upper 10 cm depth than at the lower depths. Tree spades, commonly used to transplant nursery trees, reduce the root system by up to 98 percent. Since regenerated roots originate primarily at the severed ends of the roots cut during digging, location of these severed roots, with respect to the new soil profile is an important factor in the re-establishment of transplanted trees.
An EFL Classroom Oral Language and Group Work Observation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Abbasi Ishfaque Ahmed , Anthony Elizabeth M 
Published: August 2022

In Pakistani EFL context where speaking skill is hardly assessed, it becomes a challenging task for a researcher to find an appropriate and valid instrument to observe and analyse the speaking activities and the learning on the basis of these activities. This study is to validate the adapted versions of instruments of Student Oral Language Observation Matrix (SOLOM) and the Group Participation Observation Checklist. From SOLOM only fluency measurement scale was adapted and used for this study. These instruments were piloted and the data was collected through video recording of a class and audio recordings of interviews of two participants. For validity check the data was shared with three inter-raters for Inter-Rater reliability. The data was analysed using the Percentage agreement of raters and Cohen Kappa coefficient. The results validated the instruments and the instruments were found appropriate to be used in the main study with slight changes.
“Ayenst trauelynge fendys by nyghte”: Simple Medicines, Practical Innovation, and the Premodern Conceptualization of the Nightmare
Authors: Gordon Stephen 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSleep paralysis, as it is known today, was one of the most remarked-upon maladies in premodern medicine. The feeling of being choked during sleep was usually seen by physicians as being caused by an abundance of melancholic humors. Others interpreted the experience as a supernatural attack. However, the distinctions between medical and “superstitious” remedies against nightmares were rarely so clear cut, especially given the belief that demons were able to manipulate the bodily humors. In this article I will chart the various substances—plant and stone—that were traditionally believed to assuage the symptoms of the nightmare. I will examine how “hot” herbs, such as peony, and minerals with occult heating properties, such as gagate, could rebalance the dangerously cold and heavy vapors that provoked a nightmare attack. It will be seen that even seemingly “magical” apotropaic practices were entirely rational within the milieu of humoral theory.
The Power of Mimetic Performance: Cognitive Evolution and Supernatural Agency
Authors: Liebenberg Deon 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe very widespread belief in the supernatural agency of cultural objects and actions is arguably underpinned by a mode of thought that entails the concept, widely and variously expressed in myth, ritual, and related cultural phenomena, of the priority of culture over nature, as well as related concepts of primordial wholeness or an initial undifferentiated state. This is explained here in terms of Merlin Donald’s theory of cognitive evolution, specifically that spoken language was preceded by a mimetic form of communication. Various theories of cognitive evolution are brought into play to explain the putative survival of certain forms of mimetic performance after the evolution of spoken language should have made them obsolete. It is argued here that, in spite of their apparently counterintuitive character, such mimetic performances were perpetuated and further developed because of their powerfully adaptive nature, their ability to address crucially important psychological issues.
Use of Pseudomonas fluorescens in the production of single-cell oil and estimate the oil content of fatty acids
Authors: Khaleel Khaldoon Adnan , Fakhri Al-Rawi Dhafer 
Published: August 2022

The study aimed at producing single-cell oil using Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria and conducting solubility and solubility testing to confirm oil production and estimate the content of oil produced from fatty acids, corn coalts were used as a carbon source and applied optimal conditions forthe production obtained from the previous study, as used amid liquid corn coalts in the production experiment and oil was extracted with the saxolite device (Soxhletlet) ) We obtained the highest oil productivity by 55.47%, the oil produced was fully soluble in chloroform and dissolved to a lesser degree in ethanol and the inability of the oil produced to melt in water, and the oil produced contained the highest percentage of linoleic acid Unsaturated at 69,214%, while stearyk acid was 23.62%, palmetic acid 2.92%, propionic acid 1.6% and butaric acid 0.146%.
Demographic Variables as Predictors of Youths Susceptibility to Suicide in Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Bilqees Olayinka Abdu-Raheem , Joseph Olukayode Ogunbiyi 
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the relationship between age, gender, family background and socio-economic status and youth susceptibility to suicide in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population consisted of all youth in Kogi state while the sample comprised of 456 youths between the ages of 15-30 years in two out of the three senatorial districts in Kogi state (Kogi Central and Kogi West) Stratified random sampling technique was used for selection of sample to cater for gender of the youths. The instrument was a questionnaire designed by the researchers. The validity of the instrument was done through face and content validity procedures by experts in Social Studies and Test and Measurement while the reliability was established using test- re- test method. The reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained.. The number of youth selected for the study was 76 in each local government to make a total of 456. Four research hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analysed using Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequency counts and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical tools. The study found that there was a significant relationship between age, gender, family background, socio-economic status and youth susceptibility to suicide in Kogi State. It was concluded that lack of moral and social supports to the youth, family instability and poor economic condition contributed immensely to youth susceptibility to suicide in Kogi state. It was therefore recommended that parents should provide moral and social supports to their children and avoid erroneous behaviours that can lead to family disruptions. Government also should provide counseling services in all institutions of learning.