bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1983
Authors: Forsythe H.Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test pesticides were applied to 17-to 27-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun with a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 lbs/in2 at 300 to 350 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 14 May (pre-pink), from 5 to 13 June (petal fall), from 16 to 23 June (first cover), from 29 June to 6 July (second cover), from 12 to 19 July (third cover), from 26 July to 8 Aug. (fourth cover), and from 9 to 17 Aug. (fifth cover). Materials were applied on dates as noted in table. The fungicide program before blooming consisted of Captan 80W (1 lb) on 6 May, Polyram 80W (0.6 lb) on two dates, Manzate 200 80W (1.5 lb) on 30 Apr. in Test 3, and Cyprex 65W (1 lb) sprayed after blooming 14 June in Tests 1 and 2. In addition, Polyram 80W (2 lb) was mixed with each insecticide treatment at each spray. There were four single-tree replications. A randomized complete block design was used, with two ‘McIntosh’ and two ‘Cortland’ cultivars in Test 1; two ‘Red Delicious,’ one ‘Cortland,’ and one ‘Mcintosh’ cultivar per treatment in Test 2; and three ‘Mcintosh’ and one ‘Spartan’ cultivar per treatment in Test 3. Except for test trees, orchards were unsprayed. On 24 and 25 Aug. 0.5 box of apples was picked from each tree, and about 360 to 450 apples were examined per treatment on 10 to 17 Sept. for external egg punctures (apple maggot), egg-laying scars (plum curculio), and typical feeding injuries (codling moth and lesser appleworm). European red mites were counted on three dates from 13 July to 22 Aug. on 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20/alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day.
Miticidal Properties of Fenpropathrin, 1983
Authors: Kasamatsu K. , Fujita Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four laboratory experiments were conducted to assess miticidal properties that fenpropathrin would effect upon adults and one-day-old eggs of carmine mites vCM) and citrus red mites (CRM). Treatments were applied by spraying 3 ml of the chemical solution to kidney bean and the mandarin orange leaves on which mites were released. After 48 h, the mortality counts of adults, the number of fecal pellets and eggs deposited were recorded. Ovicidal tests were assessed 7 days posttreatment. CM repellent tests were made on three leaves of potted kidney beans. After agglutinant was painted on the stem, 30 CM adults were released on the apical leaf surface. The mite-infested apical leaf and the primordial leaves were dipped into the chemical solution for 5 sec, in order to obtain partially and totally treated plants. The number of mites that had dropped from the three leaves, by spinning down, or moved from the apical leaf to the primordial ones after 48 h were recorded. All of the test was conducted at 26 ± 1°C, and repeated three times.
Citrus Red Mite Pesticide Efficacy Tests in Riverside, 1983
Authors: Morse J.G. , Nishio-Wong J.Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were tested for control of citrus red mite populations in 2 tests in Riverside, Calif. A randomized block design was used with 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Materials were applied using a Hardie hand-gun (single nozzle, no. 8 disk) at 450 lb/in2, (ca. 1200 gal/acre; 12 gal per tree) using a John Bean sprayer. Naked-eye counts of adult female mites on 32 leaves per tree (two four-leaf terminals per quadrant, top surface only) were made.
Armored Scale and Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1983
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were randomized and replicated twice on four-tree plots in a 9-year-old ‘Valencia’ orange orchard (24 by 24 ft spacing). Applications were made on 7 July, using a commercial air blast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted to apply 250 gal/acre. Six fruit (48 per treatment) randomly selected at arms length inside the canopy of each tree were tagged and all CRS developing on this fruit counted. TCM populations were monitored at each count date by randomly collecting 24 leaves per treatment replicate and processing them through a mite-brushing machine. All TCM motiles were counted undder a binocular microscope.
Apple, Mite Control, 1983
Authors: Hall F.R. , Aim S.R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test pesticides were applied to 5-year-old ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ apple trees, planted 10 ft by 40 ft apart, as dilute sprays (ca. 1 gal per tree). A randomized complete block design was used, with four replications per treatment for each cultivar. Applications were made with a handgun at 450 lb/in2 to all plots on 8 July, and again on 20 July, to trees in the Plictran 50 WP (2 oz) and Kelthane 4F (0.5 pt) treatment plots. Mite populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, and brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Tween 20 in the laboratory.
Evaluation of Unregistered Materials for Control of Citrus Thrips in California, 1983
Authors: Morse J. G. , Elmer H. S. , Brawner O. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were tested for control of citrus thrips populations in Field 12 (13-year old Navel oranges) of the Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, Calif. Treatments were applied at petal fall (18 and 19 May), 1 week after petal fall (25 May), or two weeks after petal fall (1 June), using a Hardie handgun at 500 lb/in2 outside coverage and approximately 200 gal/acre. Four-tree plots were used with the number of single-tree replicates listed in the following table. Fruit scarring counts, for scars caused by citrus thrips, were taken approximately 1 month before harvest on all fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level (scarring is more severe on outside fruit). Scars were rated as slight (incomplete ring scar) or severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring; severe scarring equivalent to level causing fruit downgrading in a normal year). Economic scarring levels are approximately 5% severe scars.
Evaluation OP Alternative Treatment Dates for Citrus Thrips Control, 1983
Authors: Morse J. G. , Elmer H. S. , Brawner O. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Orthene 75SP was applied at a rate of 1.1 lb (AI)/acre on alternative dates in the Hewitt block of the Lindcove Field Station near Exeter, Calif. Applications were to 75-tree plots using an FMC CP267 speed sprayer at 200 gal/acre. Treatment dates were as follows: prebloom, 5 Apr.; petal fall, 23 May; 1 week after petal fall, 31 May; 2 weeks after petal fall, 6 June. Fruit scarring counts, for scars caused by citrus thrips, were taken approx 1 month before harvest on all fruit on the exterior of the tree from knee to eye level (scarring is more severe on outside fruit). Scars were rated as slight (incomplete ring scar) or severe (complete ring scar or extensive surface scarring; severe scarring equivalent to level causing fruit downgrading in a normal year). Economic scarring levels are approximately 5% severe scars.
Control OP Codling Moth and Navel Orangeworm in Walnuts, 1982
Authors: McNally P. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pydrin and Bactospeine were applied on 25 June by a hand-gun from a Bean orchard sprayer at 200 lb/in2 at Lockeford, Calif. Trees were sprayed until run off, which resulted in ca. 8 gal of spray per tree or approximately 320 gal/acre. The design was a randomized block with five replications per treatment. Approximately 200 nuts were sampled per replication at harvest on 24 Sept.
Cutworm Control in Asparagus, 1983
Authors: Grafius E. , Morrow E. , Love A. P. , May A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a grower’s field in Oceana Courty, MI, one of the major asparagus growing regions of the state. The light, sandy soil in this field had supported heavy cutworm infestations in the past. Cutworm counts were taken in Oct. 1982 by scraping 2 inches of top soil around 30 crowns. An average of six cutworms per crown was recorded. On 27 Apr., cutworm counts were done as before and an average of only one cutworm per crown was found. Apparently the overwintering mortality was quite high. Plots were established in a heavily infested portion of the same field and were 6 rows wide by 60 ft. long. Treatments were arranged in a complete randomized design with three replications per treatment. Sampling in the plots just before treatment on 16 May yielded an average of two cutworms per crown. The following day, counts of dead larvae per 40 row-ft from the two center rows (80 total row ft per plot) and number of crowns in each plot was recorded. One week later (23 May), damaged spears and number of live larvae were counted on three per plot.
The economic system question revisited
Authors: Nelson Richard R 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe core argument of this paper is that thinking of modern economies, like that of the United States, the UK, Germany, and Japan, as “market” economies—a view presented in most of the standard economic texts that provide populations with their economic education—greatly oversimplifies the complex and varied ways that these economies actually use to organize and govern provision of the great variety of goods and services that serve their multiple needs and wants. These economies certainly do make extensive use of for-profit firms selling their wares on markets. However, even in sectors where market mechanisms are central, there almost always are important non-market mechanisms involved as well. And for many of the most important goods and services these economies provide and use, non-market institutions are central and market mechanisms secondary. It is important to recognize the oversimplification. It makes dealing with the problems in sectors whose performance is widely judged to be unsatisfactory much more difficult to resolve adequately.
Acquired rifampicin resistance during first TB treatment: magnitude, relative importance, risk factors and keys to control in low-income settings
Authors: Van Deun Armand , Bola Valentin , Lebeke Rossin , Kaswa Michel , Hossain Mohamed Anwar , Gumusboga Mourad , Torrea Gabriela , De Jong Bouke Catharine , Rigouts Leen , Decroo Tom 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The incidence of acquired rifampicin resistance (RIF-ADR; RR) during first-line treatment varies.

Objectives
Compare clinically significant RIF-ADR versus primary and reinfection RR, between regimens (daily versus no rifampicin in the continuation phase; daily versus intermittent rifampicin in the continuation phase) and between rural Bangladesh and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Methods
From patients with treatment failure, relapse, or lost to follow-up, both the outcome and baseline sputum sample were prospectively collected for rpoB sequencing to determine whether RR was present in both samples (primary RR) or only at outcome (RIF-ADR or reinfection RR).

Results
The most frequent cause of RR at outcome was primary RR (62.9%; 190/302). RIF-ADR was more frequent with the use of rifampicin throughout versus only in the intensive phase (difference: 3.1%; 95% CI: 0.2–6.0). The RIF-ADR rate was higher with intermittent versus daily rifampicin in the continuation phase (difference: 3.9%; 95% CI: 0.4–7.5). RIF-ADR after rifampicin-throughout treatment was higher when resistance to isoniazid was also found compared with isoniazid-susceptible TB. The estimated RIF-ADR rate was 0.5 per 1000 with daily rifampicin during the entire treatment. Reinfection RR was more frequent in Kinshasa than in Bangladesh (difference: 51.0%; 95% CI: 34.9–67.2).

Conclusions
RR is less frequently created when rifampicin is used only during the intensive phase. Under control programme conditions, the RIF-ADR rate for the WHO 6 month rifampicin daily regimen was as low as in affluent settings. For RR-TB control, first-line regimens should be sturdy with optimal rifampicin protection. RIF-ADR prevention is most needed where isoniazid-polyresistance is high, (re)infection control where crowding is extreme.
Diagnostic Accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antigen Self-Test in Comparison to Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Sukumaran Ajaikumar , Suvekbala Vemparthan , R Arun Krishnan , Thomas Rhema Elizabeth , Raj Aneesh , Thomas Thushara , Abhijith B L , Jose Jisha , Paul Jofy K , Vasudevan D M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Currently, the rapid antigen test (RAT) and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) are considered the main stakeholders in COVID-19 diagnosis. In RT–PCR, any of at least 2 evolutionary conserved genes (RdRP, E-, N-, ORF1ab gene) and S-gene of SARS-CoV-2 are endorsed, and in RAT, the nucleocapsid antigen (N-Ag) of SARS-CoV-2 is considered due to its stability and fewer chances of mutation effects. In the present work, we evaluated the performance of the AG-Q COVID-19 N-Ag self-test kit and conducted a validation study in comparison with the RT–PCR.

Methods
AG-Q COVID-19 N-Ag rapid test kit is an Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) approved product developed and marketed by Agappe Diagnostics Limited. The RT–PCR assay was performed with a COVIPATH COVID-19 RT–PCR kit from Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Results
We observed 19 false-negative results in antigen self-tests, including samples of threshold cycle (Ct) values 22/22 (N-gene/ORF1ab-gene) in RT–PCR, indicating inadequate sampling by the patients in self-tests, leading to false-negative results and increased chances of the disease spreading. Based on the RT–PCR Ct value vs antigen self-test comparison, it is evident that proper sampling is crucial in performing antigen self-tests. Also, there were weak positive results in antigen self-tests with a Ct value of 18/19 in RT–PCR.

Conclusions
Although the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy offered by the AG-Q COVID-19 N-Antigen self-test in comparison with RT–PCR fulfills the ICMR tenets for RAT, this study recommends the laboratory/hospital-based RAT execution would be appropriate, rather than the self-test.
Sanctioning to Change State Behaviour
Authors: Ridi Niccolò , Fikfak Veronika 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This article, which sits in the context of a wider project devoted to understanding how state behaviour may be changed, seeks to focus on the act of sanctioning, broadly construed, as functional to that goal. Freeing ourselves from the constraints of too narrow a definition of the term ‘sanction’, we consider a wider gamut of instances of penalties on target states which are intended to accomplish the goal of changing state behaviour. Our goal is threefold: first, we aim to stimulate a debate on the nature of the act of sanctioning, which, we argue, is more embedded within international law than generally conceded; second, by looking at different sanctioning practices, we aim to identify their common elements and offer a taxonomy of the act of sanctioning within international law; third, we aim to consider the implications of different sanctioning practices and, in particular, understanding how and when they can amount to effective and acceptable tools to change state behaviour.
Potentially curative resection of an abdominal wall metastasis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Odisho Tanya , Joseph Stephanie , Shahait Awni , Choi-Kim Lydia , McGee Jessica , Kim Steve 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a low survival rate even after ostensible complete resection, and treatment for recurrence is usually only palliative. However, rare solitary metastasis can occur and may be operable. In this report, we describe such a case and review the literature on metastasectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A 66-year-old female underwent Whipple procedure at our institution in 2014 for a pT3N0 pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A slowly growing umbilical mass was noted 6 years later with concomitant rise in her CA 19-9 levels. CT-guided biopsy of her abdominal wall mass confirmed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma consistent with her primary pancreatic cancer. The patient underwent metastasectomy of the isolated abdominal wall mass, with negative margins. She received no further postoperative treatment. The patient remains disease and symptom-free over 18 months after resection of the metastasis. In highly selected cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, resection of solitary metastasis may be therapeutic.
Surviving in cities: the case of a year-round territorial bird in the Neotropics
Authors: Juárez Roselvy , Ruiz-Gutiérrez Viviana , Sandoval Luis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Urban expansion has been identified as one of the main threats to biodiversity because it can negatively affect wildlife populations. However, wildlife population dynamics have not been studied in one of the most rapidly urbanizing regions in the world—the Neotropics. To examine the effect of urbanization on the population dynamics of Neotropical wildlife, we used recapture data from a marked population (2011–2017) of White-eared Ground-Sparrow (Melozone leucotis) across an urban–rural gradient in the Costa Rican Central Valley. Additionally, we tested if this effect differed between males and females. Contrary to our prediction, ground-sparrow survival rates were higher in urban and suburban sites than in the rural site, and we found that survival was positively correlated to the proportion of urban surface inside each territory (β = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97). We did not find differences in survival rates between the sexes and the mean survival rate was high overall (0.79 ± 0.06). Surprisingly, our results suggest that the survival rate of this urban avoider is positively influenced by urbanization, and therefore, suggest that the potential cost to some urban avoiders may not be driven by reduced survival in more urbanized environments, and could be driven by reductions in other vital rates. Therefore, we encourage research to evaluate multiple vital rates of urban avoiders and urban adapters to achieve more comprehensive knowledge on how urbanization is affecting avian populations in the Neotropics.
Aesthetic Humility: A Kantian Model
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Unlike its moral and intellectual counterparts, the virtue of aesthetic humility has been widely neglected. In order to begin filling in this gap, I argue that Kant’s aesthetics is a promising resource for developing a model of aesthetic humility. Initially, however, this may seem like an unpromising starting point as Kant’s aesthetics might appear to promote aesthetic arrogance instead. In spite of this prima facie worry, I claim that Kant’s aesthetics provides an illuminating model of aesthetic humility that sheds light not only on the self- and other-directed attitudes it involves, but also on how aesthetic humility can serve as a corrective to the vices of aesthetic arrogance and aesthetic servility. In addition to revealing the ways in which Kant’s aesthetics prizes humility rather than arrogance, I aim to show that the Kantian model of aesthetic humility can enrich our understanding of humility more generally and contribute to the on-going effort in aesthetics to analyse specific aesthetic virtues and vices.
The Increased Length of Hospital Stay and Mortality Associated With Community-Associated Infections in Australia
Authors: Wozniak Teresa M , Dyda Amalie , Lee Xing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
An increasing proportion of antibiotic-resistant infections are community acquired. However, the burden of community-associated infections (CAIs) and the resulting impact due to resistance have not been well described.

Methods
We conducted a multisite, retrospective case–cohort study of all acute care hospital admissions across 134 hospitals in Australia. Patients admitted with a positive culture of 1 of 5 organisms of interest, namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecium, from January 1, 2012, through December 30, 2016, were included. Data linkage was used to link hospital admissions and pathology data. Patients with a bloodstream infection (BSI), urinary tract infection (UTI), or respiratory tract infection (RTI) were included in the analysis. We compared patients with a resistant and drug-sensitive infection and used regression analyses to derive the difference in length of hospital stay (LOS) and mortality estimates associated with resistance.

Results
No statistically significant impact on hospital LOS for patients with resistant CAIs compared with drug-sensitive CAIs was identified. CAI patients with drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, K. pneumoniae) BSIs were more likely to die in the hospital than those with drug-sensitive Enterobacteriaceae BSIs (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; 95% CI, 1.40–6.92). CAI patients with drug-resistant P. aeruginosa UTIs were more likely to die in the hospital than those with the drug-sensitive counterpart (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.12–4.85).

Conclusions
The burden of CAI in the hospital is significant, and antibiotic resistance is adding to associated mortality.
Case report: cause of hyperprolactinemia in an elderly patient
Authors: Moslehi Sarah , Iliff Jonathan , Goudaman Surya 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Irritation to the chest wall due to herpes zoster virus (HZV) infection is one of many potential underlying causes of hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia can lead to various different symptoms including anorgasmia. It is important to identify any sexual dysfunction, but also any other symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, in elderly patients during medical history taking and not to assume that elderly people are sexually inactive. Anorgasmia and any other sexual dysfunction in elderly can have an impact on their mental health and may even lead to depression and anxiety.
A rare case of asymptomatic right coronary artery ectasia associated with giant aneurysm
Authors: Hishikawa Takanori , Ohashi Takeki , Tadakoshi Masao , Kamikawa Yuji , Kageyama Soichiro , Kojima Akinori , Hioki Kaoru , Yamauchi Hirotaka 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
A rare case of giant coronary artery ectasia associated with coronary artery aneurysm was recognized. A 69-year-old woman presented with an ischemic electrocardiogram changes during a medical check-up. Coronary computed tomography angiography showed right coronary artery (RCA) ectasia associated with a giant aneurysm originating from the distal RCA. She was asymptomatic and exhibited no risk factors, including Kawasaki disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or family history. The patient underwent surgery for giant coronary aneurysms to prevent rupture. The aneurysm was on the peripheral side of the right coronary artery; hence, coronary artery bypass was not performed. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathological examination of the aneurysm revealed degeneration due to atherosclerosis. She was prescribed warfarin and aspirin for thrombus prevention.
Pembrolizumab-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: case report
Authors: Chow Kar Ven Cavan , O’Leary Connor , Paxton-Hall Fiona , Lambie Duncan , O’Byrne Kenneth 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
A 63-year-old man with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma presented with biopsy confirmed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Symptoms commenced following 3 cycles of carboplatin, pemetrexed and pembrolizumab, with the first cycle given ~9.5 weeks prior to presentation. The patient was managed with immunosuppressive therapy including high dose methylprednisolone, cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin, antibiotics and optimal skin care, and achieved excellent recovery of the skin lesions with minimal sequelae. This rare occurrence of pembrolizumab-induced TEN has only been reported previously in a few cases with limited evidence on management. Given the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the long half-life of these agents, our case highlights the importance of recognizing this complication and of a multidisciplinary approach to management.