bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus and its association with central obesity, and overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muche Ewunie Temesgen , Sisay Daniel , Kabthymer Robel Hussen 
Published: June 2022

Background
Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia that has a profound impact on the health care system. However, no systematic synthesis and meta-analysis has been performed to depict the national prevalence. Hence, we authors aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its association with central obesity, overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia.

Methods
We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 eligible studies on the national prevalence of DM and its association with central obesity, and overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. We searched PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, from August 01 up to October 28, 2021, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of studies. Analysis was done using STATA version 14 software. Heterogeneity was checked using the I-squared test, and the publication bias was examined by funnel plot and eggers test. Moreover, Sensitivity analysis was done to check the influence of small studies on the outcome. The trim and fill analysis was performed to estimate the potentially missing articles because of publication bias.

Result
Total of 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included and the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was 6.26 (95%CI: 4.74–7.78). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the studies conducted in 2017 and before was 4.56 (95%CI: 2.98–6.14) but in studies done after 2017 was 7.55(95%CI: 4.69–10.41). The burden of diabetes mellitus was 5.79 times higher among those adults who had central obesity (OR = 5.79; 95%CI; 3.14–10.70), 5.70 times higher among adults who had overweight/obesity (OR = 5.70, 95%CI: 3.35–9.70).

Conclusion
The national prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults in Ethiopia was higher and associated with central obesity, and overweight/obesity. Hence, the government of Ethiopia and stakeholders should give attention to strengthen the current health system regarding non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus and obesity/overweight.
Wykonywanie zawodu lekarza przez cudzoziemca niebędącego obywatelem państwa członkowskiego UE a znajomość języka polskiego
Authors: Pawłowski Sławomir 
Published: June 2022

Practising as a physician, especially during the pandemic, was of interest to the legislator several times due to staff shortages and more. The pandemic also forced changes in many paradigms of providing healthcare services. One of them, con-tained in the so-called ‘Special Covid Act’, was to simplify the acquisition of right to practise as a doctor by a foreigner who is not a citizen of a European Union Member State. The study focuses on one of the facilitations introduced: relinquishment of the four-stage examination on knowledge of the Polish language in favor of submitting a statement on the command of the Polish in speech and writing to the extent neces-sary to practise as a doctor, i.e. resignation from an objective, veriﬁable assessment, in favor of a civil law declaration will, in principle not veriﬁable at the time of sub-mission. This solution raises a number of doubts and carries the risk of a medical error. First and foremost, a medical interview, one of the key and initial stages of treatment initiation, becomes impossible to conduct. Secondly, it is also difficult to communicate with other medical personnel. Thirdly, it is doubtful whether another statutory obligation will be fulﬁlled, namely providing information to the patient about their state of health and obtaining consent for treatment. The mechanism of supervision by another doctor who speaks Polish should also be considered insuf-ﬁcient, as due to the lack of such personnel, it will often be impossible to meet this condition. These and other reasons support a negative assessment of the solutions introduced. A much better solution would be to provide intensive learning of the Polish language, a solution that is proven and used successfully. Referring to the language of the EU directives on the recognition of professional qualiﬁcations, it is a “reasonable and necessary” direction.
Is a Penny a Month a Basic Income? A Historiography of the Concept of a Threshold in Basic Income
Authors: Yamamori Toru 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Does a penny per month constitute a Basic Income? Were that penny to be paid individually, universally, and unconditionally, the answer would be ‘yes’, following the definition of Basic Income given by some of its leading advocates, be it organisations like the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN) or prominent scholars such as Philippe Van Parijs. Some might be puzzled as to how this could be ‘a capitalist road to communism’, or give us ‘freedom as the power to say no’, both of which have been advocated by prominent researchers. The purpose of this paper is not to argue for or against their definition, but rather to situate it historiographically, enabling fruitful discussion. The paper will show how there was a widely shared assumption in the 1970s and 80s, at the early stages of both academic articulations and public discussion, that Basic Income comes with some notion of a threshold or level to be taken as a minimum or as adequate. The paper goes on to outline three issues that arise once the concept of a threshold is dropped from the definition. Examined in addition are five justifications for doing so. Much like any other idea, the concept of Basic Income is a social construct. By situating it here within a historical perspective, we wish to facilitate academic discussion regarding both the achievements and erasures that have occurred as a consequence of the concept’s academic refinement—refinement that is in itself majorly indebted to BIEN and Van Parijs.
Inertial iterative method with self-adaptive step size for finite family of split monotone variational inclusion and fixed point problems in Banach spaces
Authors: Ogwo Grace N. , Alakoya Timilehin O. , Mewomo Oluwatosin T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose and study a new inertial iterative algorithm with self-adaptive step size for approximating a common solution of finite family of split monotone variational inclusion problems and fixed point problem of a nonexpansive mapping between a Banach space and a Hilbert space. This method combines the inertial technique with viscosity method and self-adaptive step size for solving the common solution problem. We prove a strong convergence result for the proposed method under some mild conditions. Moreover, we apply our result to study the split feasibility problem and split minimization problem. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of our method in comparison with some well-known methods in the literature. Our method does not require prior knowledge or estimate of the operator norm, which makes it easily implementable unlike so many other methods in the literature, which require prior knowledge of the operator norm for their implementation.
Residual stress relaxation considering microstructure evolution in heat treatment of metallic thin-walled part
Authors: Bai Qian , Chen Ziliang , Gao Yingming , Li Hang , Tang Jingang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The forming-induced residual stress of metallic parts could cause undesired deformation in the final machining process, especially for the thin-walled parts. Therefore, heat treatment is essential to release the residual stress prior to machining. This study investigates the residual stress change of a forged pure iron part in annealing heat treatment and material removal processes. A modified creep constitutive model with the consideration of microstructure evolution was established to describe the residual stress relaxation in the annealing. Stress relaxation tests were conducted to calibrate the material constants. This constitutive model was then implemented into the finite element model of annealing for the cold-forged semi-spherical shell. The residual stress and the grain size of the shell were predicted at different heating temperatures. The semi-spherical shells were machined to the final thin-walled parts, and the deformation owing to the residual stress release was measured and compared to the simulation results. The heating temperature was determined aiming to minimize the machining-induced deformation as well as to ensure the microstructure. This study could provide guidance to the elimination of the residual stress and the improvement of the geometrical accuracy for thin-walled parts in the machining process.
The Process of Leaving the Church Revisited. A Replication of Ebertz’ Study on Types of Church Leavers
Authors: Faix Tobias , Riegel Ulrich , Jäckel Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In a qualitative study in 2012, Michael Ebertz and colleagues constructed characteristic types of processes of leaving the Roman Catholic Church in the Freiburg area of southern Germany. This article aims to replicate and supplement Ebertz’ findings through the analysis of problem-centered interviews of former Roman-Catholics in the north-western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. With one exception, the types of processes could be replicated, and four additional types were added. The results show that processes of leaving the church are diverse and in many cases result from a long and complex process.
Intergenerational communication and family language policy of multicultural families in Japan
Authors: Capobianco Paul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines the communication patterns among multicultural African families in Japan. Using ethnographic vignettes, this article uses family language planning (FLP) theories to understand how African parents communicate with their children, how parents aim to shape their children’s language use, how parents conceptualize their family communication, and how Japanese institutions affect the trajectories of parental FLP efforts. This article demonstrates how five intersecting factors influence the outcomes of FLPs in idiosyncratic ways. These five factors include Japanese education and socialization practices, parents’ economic resources, parents’ language skills, identity ambitions, and parents’ willingness to use economic and cultural resources. It also highlights the utility and limitations of applying FLP theories of child agency to the Japanese context. These findings suggest scholars reconsider the interplay of macro- and micro-factors in shaping FLP outcomes, the role of child agency in actualizing FLPs, and the affective elements that shape parents’ understandings of language use.
Chinese Dreams of Nostalgia and Fantasy: Cultural Critique in Feng Xiaogang’s Personal Tailor (2013)
Authors: Keogh James , Yecies Brian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study sheds new light on Feng Xiaogang, one of China’s most successful film directors, through an investigation of how Personal Tailor (2013) engages with the guiding rhetoric and ideals underpinning the “Chinese Dream”. The authors demonstrate how the hybrid political–commercial–artistic critique of the Chinese Dream in Personal Tailor offers poignant commentary on China’s quest for national rejuvenation during a period when China continues to struggle with increasing social and economic inequalities. By foregrounding these complex tensions between political and economic rationalism, and their intersections with an imagined nostalgia as a key story-telling trope, this study shows how Feng and Personal Tailor are expanding the boundaries of contemporary Chinese cinema in a new era of globalized commercial culture.
Identifying the selection criteria of design consultant for Iraqi construction projects
Authors: Alkaabi Sajjad Ali Mahmood , Mahjoob Ahmed Mohammed Raoof 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe quality and cost of constructed buildings are heavily influenced by the performance of design/auditing consultants. Thus, selecting the right design consultant and design auditing consultants is of utmost importance and not an easy task for any construction client. so, the client should specify the efficiency criteria and assess the performance levels of the design and design auditing consultant firm. The study aims to identify the selection criteria of the design consultant in construction projects and also identify the selection criteria of the design auditing consultant for the construction projects by using the Delphi survey with applying the principal components analysis (PCA). The results of the present study showed that there are 13 key criteria for selecting the design consultant, where the criterion of “Efficiency and experience of the company/consultant in previous work” was of the highest importance. While there are Ten key criteria for selecting the design auditing consultant for the construction project, where the criterion of “Credibility and professional integrity (transparency, professional conduct, and ethics)” was of the highest importance in the decision-making process. Moreover, the results of applying PCA on the Delphi survey outcomes showed that all the resulting selection criteria are most valuable and suitable for the selection process in construction projects.
Characterization of monadic BL-algebras by state operators
Authors: Zahiri Saeide , Saeid Arsham Borumand , Ciungu Lavinia Corina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the notion of state monadic BL-algebras and we investigate their properties. We define the concept of state monadic filters and study certain types of state monadic filters; we define and charaterize maximal and prime state monadic filters. Characterizations of local, simple and semisimple state monadic BL-algebras are also explored in the paper as well.
Comments on efficient batch verification test for digital signatures based on elliptic curves
Authors: Hakuta Keisuke , Ochiai Hiroyuki , Takagi Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Batch verification for digital signature scheme is a method to verify multiple signatures simultaneously. The complex exponent test (CE test for short) proposed by Cheon and Lee is one of the most efficient batch verification tests for several digital signature schemes on certain types of elliptic curves (including Koblitz curves). The security of the CE test relies essentially on the cardinality of a subset of a residue ring of the endomorphism ring of an elliptic curve over an ideal. They have evaluated the cardinality of the above subset, and have illustrated the effectiveness of the CE test by using the evaluation. The aim of this paper is to point out that their evaluation contains a flaw. The flaw is generally related to two roots of a quadratic equation which is used in their argument. We mend the flaw of their evaluation. Our correct evaluation shows that the CE test can achieve the same security as the underlying signature scheme on Koblitz curves. As a result, the CE test is a secure batch verification when the underlying signature scheme uses Koblitz curves.
Upper bound for variance of finite mixtures of power exponential distributions
Authors: Kwong Hok Shing , Nadarajah Saralees 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Both variance and entropy are commonly used measures for uncertainty. There exists many cases where variance is infinite and entropy is finite. In this note, we derive an upper bound illustrating the relationship between variance and entropy of random variables having a special class of distributions. We also derive an upper bound for kth absolute central moment proportional to entropy power for a special class of distributions.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid metasurfaces exhibiting broadly tunable topological properties
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Chowdhury Sarah N. , Kang Lei , Saha Soham S. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Kildishev Alexander V. , Werner Douglas H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Extreme light confinement observed in periodic photonic structures, such as the vortex singularities in momentum (k) space, has been associated with their topological nature. Consequently, by exploiting and tuning their topological properties, optical metasurfaces have been demonstrated as an attractive platform for active photonics. However, given the fact that most active media under external excitations can only provide limited refractive index change, the potential advancements offered by the topological character of active metasurfaces have remained mostly unexplored. Zinc oxide (ZnO), which has recently exhibited optically-induced extraordinarily large permittivity modulations at visible and near-infrared frequencies, is an excellent active material for dynamic metasurfaces exhibiting strong tuning. This work demonstrates that a hybrid metasurface consisting of an array of ZnO nanodisks on a silver backplane displays broadly tunable topological properties. In particular, by performing k-space scattering simulations using measured pump-fluence-dependent material properties of ZnO, we study in detail the light reflection from the hybrid metasurface. Our results validate that the large k-space topology tuning of the metasurface can result in enormously strong polarization manipulation of near-infrared light in the vicinity of the topological features. The observed polarization switching effect is highly sensitive to the polarization and wavelength of an incident wave, owing to the symmetry and dispersion characteristics of the proposed system. Our study indicates that leveraging a combination of the extraordinary material properties and the k-space topology, hybrid metasurfaces based on ZnO may open new avenues for creating all-optical switchable metadevices.
Crystal structure of ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)acrylate, C15H12N2O4
Authors: Guo Chun-Mei , Chen Sha , Chu Mei-Jun , Wan Min , Nie Xu-Liang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C15H12N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.4588(5) Å, b = 29.629(3) Å, c = 8.1217(8) Å, β = 93.157(1)°, V = 1311.6(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0346, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0925, T = 296(2) K.
Optical properties and thermal stability of the H+-implanted Dy3+/Tm3+-codoped GeS2–Ga2S3–PbI2 chalcohalide glass waveguide
Authors: Wang Yu-Song , Chen Bai-Kun , Huang Xin , Ding Wei-Jie , Yue Qing-Yang , Liu Chun-Xiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Optical waveguides play a vital role in the manufacture of various optical devices due to their unique performances and high-degree integration. We report on the preparation and characterization of the planar waveguides in the Dy3+/Tm3+-codoped GeS2–Ga2S3–PbI2 chalcohalide glass. The waveguide was formed by the 400 keV H+-ion implantation with a dose of 8 × 1016 ions/cm2. Its thermal stability was studied by annealing at 260°C for 1 h. The changes in the nuclear energy loss with the implantation depth were simulated by the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM 2013). The dark-mode characteristics of the waveguide were measured by the prism coupling method. The refractive index distribution of the optical waveguide was reconstructed by the reflectivity calculation method. The modal profile of the waveguide structure was calculated by the finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM). The thermally stable proton-implanted Dy3+/Tm3+-codoped GeS2–Ga2S3–PbI2 chalcohalide glass waveguide is expected to be applied in mid-infrared integrated optical devices.
A Real-Time Machine Vision System for Grading Quartz Mineral
Authors: Akkoyun Fatih 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClassification is an indispensable process in industrial mass production applications when competitive marketing and increasing the product value by reducing time and saving costs are in concern. In this regard, the machine vision system (MVS) is a prominent technology, especially for automated industrial production flow lines. Recent studies consisted of increasing the accuracy of such systems using advanced technology and complex solutions. Nevertheless, for automated industrial production flow lines, considering only the accuracy rate of an MVS by ignoring the cost and processing speed is not a sufficient parameter to evaluate the success rate concerning the marketing capability. In this study, a relatively low-cost and automated MVS production line for grading white stones in real-time is demonstrated. A conveyor line and a rotary mechanism are integrated into the system for performing a stone grading task. A conditioned cabinet is used for inspecting the flow line continuously. Forty different stone samples in four groups are evaluated in the experimental stage to observe the flow speed and processing accuracy. Different flow speeds of the conveyor line are investigated. The results are demonstrated that the low-cost MVS is successfully operated for grading white stones at relatively high speed with a 92 % accuracy.
One Nation Under Supervision
Authors: Schuman Jacob 
Published: June 2022

This special issue of the Federal Sentencing Reporter is dedicated to community supervision in the federal criminal justice system. Federal law recognizes two justifications for community supervision: public safety and rehabilitation. Yet these justifications are in tension, if not in conflict. Judges impose terms of supervision to protect the public and promote the defendant’s rehabilitation, but the government enforces the conditions of supervision through the threat of imprisonment, which officially serves only for retribution and public safety, not rehabilitation. In other words, federal law justifies supervision to ease the defendant’s return to the community, while the revocation mechanism subordinates the defendant’s interests to the safety of the public.
One way to resolve this contradiction would be to return to Congress’s original plan for supervised release as a period of supervision without the possibility of revocation. Lawmakers should authorize sentencing judges to decide whether the supervision they impose will be “revocable,” in other words, whether violations will be punishable by imprisonment. Under this approach, judges could sentence particularly dangerous defendants to revocable terms of supervision if necessary to protect the public, but also would have the option of impose “irrevocable” terms on less-serious offenders. This sentence of truly non-coercive supervision would use the judge’s position at a nexus of the criminal justice system to coordinate the provision of reentry services to former prisoners, while also ensuring that the supervision itself never became a driver of imprisonment.
The Burden of Criminal Justice Debt in Federal Community Supervision
Authors: Appleman Laura I 
Published: June 2022

The federal criminal justice system routinely requires convicted individuals to pay fines, restitution, and special assessments as part of their sentence. These criminal justice payments are an obligatory condition of federal community supervision, which a vast majority of convicted individuals are compelled to undergo. Although some of these legal financial obligations are intended to hold people accountable for criminal behavior and address crime victims’ financial losses, they also create a significant barrier to supervision success by imposing heavy economic burdens on those least able to afford them.
The financial obligations imposed on the majority of federal criminal defendants both frustrate the practice of community supervision as well as create onerous and long-lasting criminal debt. The government’s inability to recover most financial legal obligations demonstrates the futility of continuing our current supervisory debt practices. Permitting courts to determine a financial assessment of a defendant’s ability to pay, allowing partial debt waiver, and creating an income-based fines and fees system would help ameliorate some of the crushing debt obligations resulting from community supervision. Unpayable criminal justice debt serves no one.