bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro activity of moxifloxacin against fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Tankovic Jacques , Bachoual Rafik , Ouabdesselam Saliha , Boudjadja Azzedine , Soussy Claude-James 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MICs of the new fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin, and those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin for 19 genetically characterized fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were determined by the agar dilution method. The MICs of moxifloxacin for Escherichia isolates with one mutation in gyrA (corresponding to Ser83→Leu or Asp87→Gly substitution) were 0.25–0.5 mg/L, while those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin were 0.06–0.25, 1 and 0.12–0.5 mg/L, respectively. These values were four- to 16-fold higher than those of the same antibiotics for the wild-type strain, E. coli KL16. Similar results were observed with clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. harbouring one mutation in gyrA leading to the substitution of Ser83 by Phe or Tyr. In the presence of two mutations in the E. coligyrA gene, the MICs of moxifloxacin ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin were 2, 0.5, 4 and 1 mg/L, respectively; these were 32 times higher than the MICs of these agents for E. coli KL16. The MICs of the four quinolones for triple mutants with two mutations in gyrA and one in parC were even higher, i.e. 8, 8, 16 and 8–16 mg/L, respectively. The MICs of moxifloxacin for Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni strains with a gyrA mutation leading to Thr86→Ile substitution ranged from 1 to 2 mg/L, while the MICs of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin were 16–32 mg/L, 8–16 and 4–8 mg/L, respectively. For high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant (MICs of 32 mg/L) clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with one substitution at position 83 in GyrA (E. coli coordinates), the MICs of moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin were 8–16, ≥128 and 32 mg/L respectively. In conclusion, moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones exhibit cross-resistance against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and enterococci. The in-vitro activity of moxifloxacin was greater than that of ofloxacin and slightly less than that of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae, but greater than those of the three other compounds tested against Campylobacter spp and E. faecalis.
Frequency and Clinical Utility of Antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigen in the Setting of a Negative Antinuclear Antibody Test
Authors: Yeo Ai Li , Ojaimi Samar , Le Suong , Leech Michelle , Morand Eric 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveSimultaneous antibody testing during screening for autoimmune conditions is discouraged. The incidence of positive extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) in the setting of a negative antinuclear antibody (ANA) has been reported as low. Our objective was to characterize the frequency of diagnosis of new ANA‐associated rheumatic disease (AARD) in the setting of a negative ANA with a positive ENA.MethodsThis was a 7‐year retrospective study from a multicenter tertiary health network in Australia. Clinical information was sought on patients over 18 years old who had a negative ANA but positive ENA test result. Results were extracted from hospital computer systems.ResultsFrom March 19, 2011, to July 23, 2018, ENA testing was ordered simultaneously with an ANA test on 4,248 occasions in 3,484 patients. ANA was positive in 2,520 patients (59.3%) and ENA was positive in 1,980 patients (46.6%). Among positive ANA patients, ENA was positive in 1,563 patients (62.0%). Among 1,728 negative ANA tests, ENA was positive in 417 (24.1%) (P < 0.001). A total of 328 patients with discordant ANA/ENA results had data available for further analysis, of whom 279 had no pre‐established rheumatologic condition. A new AARD was diagnosed in 17 of 279 patients, yielding a positive predictive value of 6.09% (95% confidence interval 3.59–9.58).ConclusionDespite the higher‐than‐expected incidence of positive ENA in the setting of a negative ANA, the yield of newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases was low. Our findings support the stepwise addition of ENA requests when an ANA test result is positive and clinical suspicion of an AARD is high.
Ultrathin Suspended Chiral Metasurfaces for Enantiodiscrimination
Authors: Cen Mengjia , Wang Jiawei , Liu Jianxun , He Huilin , Li Ke , Cai Wenfeng , Cao Tun , Liu Yan Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChiral metasurfaces can exhibit a strong circular dichroism, but it is limited by the complicated fabrication procedure and alignment errors. Here, a new type of self‐aligned suspended chiral bilayer metasurface with only one‐step electron beam lithography exposure is demonstrated. A significant optical chirality of 221° µm−1 can be realized using suspended metasurfaces with a thickness of 100 nm. Furthermore, this study experimentally demonstrates that such a structure is capable of label‐free discrimination of the chiral molecules at zeptomole level, exhibiting a much higher sensitivity (orders of magnitude) compared to the conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy. The fundamental principles for chiral sensing using molecules–metasurfaces interactions are explored. Benefiting from the giant chiroptical response, the proposed metadevice may offer promising applications for ultrathin circular polarizers, chiral molecular detectors, and asymmetry information processing.
Efficient Solar‐Powered Interfacial Evaporation, Water Remediation, and Waste Conversion Based on a Tumbler‐Inspired, All‐Cellulose, and Monolithic Design
Authors: He Jintao , Li Na , Wang Shuxue , Li Shuai , Li Jingjing , Yu Liangmin , Liu Shuang , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe 3D steam generator with cold evaporation surface (CES) provides a means for high‐efficiency interfacial steam generation due to the low heat loss and continuous ambient energy input. However, the poor floating stability of CES steam generators when suffering wave slamming has limited their practical application in open water. Herein, a cellulose‐based monolithic aerogel integrated with three structural elements is developed inspired by tumblers, which can synchronously achieve outstanding antioverturning stability in waves and a high evaporation rate (4.21 kg m−2 h−1). A single‐stage solar water purification device is constructed based on the photothermal aerogel, which attains an ultra‐high daily water yield of ≈32.6 L m−2 and surpasses a large amount of single‐stage solar stills. The steam generator can also be used to purify wastewater containing Co2+ via adsorption. Gratifyingly, the Co3O4/C catalyst obtained from the pyrolysis of aerogels loaded with Co2+ exhibits good catalytic activity for carbon monoxide oxidation, demonstrating the potential for waste conversion. This work provides new insights into the design of solar steam generators used in open water, and offers a promising way for the disposal and utilization of contaminated steam generators after wastewater purification.
Mechanoresponsive Carbamoyloxime für die Aktivierung Sekundärer Amine in Polymeren
Authors: Campagna Davide , Göstl Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMechanophore sind molekulare Einheiten, die in Polymere eingebaut werden und auf Kraft mit konstitutionellen, konfigurativen oder konformationellen Bindungsumlagerungen reagieren, um Funktionalität zu ermöglichen. Bis heute wurden bereits einige chemisch latente Motive durch mechanochemische Methoden in Polymeren aktiviert, aber die Erzeugung sekundärer Amine blieb unerforscht. Hier berichten wir über Carbamoyloxime als mechanochemische Schutzgruppen für sekundäre Amine. Wir zeigen, dass Carbamoyloxime eine kraftinduzierte homolytische Bindungsspaltung an der N−O‐Oximbindung in Polymeren eingehen und so das freie Amin erzeugen. Die Reaktion verläuft analog zu ihrem photochemischen Gegenstück über Carbamoyloxyl‐ und Aminylradikale. Schließlich wenden wir das Carbamoyloxim‐Motiv in einer kraftaktivierten organokatalytischen Knoevenagel‐Reaktion an. Wir glauben, dass diese Schutzgruppenstrategie universell für viele andere sekundäre und primäre Amine in Polymermaterialien angewendet werden kann.
Momomycin, an Antiproliferative Cryptic Metabolite from the Oxytetracycline Producer Streptomyces rimosus
Authors: Li Yuchen , Lee Seoung Rak , Han Esther J. , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural products provide an important source of pharmaceuticals and chemical tools. Traditionally, assessment of unexplored microbial phyla has led to new natural products. However, with every new microbe, the number of orphan biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) grows. As such, the more difficult proposition is finding new molecules from well‐studied strains. Herein, we targeted Streptomyces rimosus, the widely‐used oxytetracycline producer, for the discovery of new natural products. Using MALDI‐MS‐guided high‐throughput elicitor screening (HiTES), we mapped the global secondary metabolome of S. rimosus and structurally characterized products of three cryptic BGCs, including momomycin, an unusual cyclic peptide natural product with backbone modifications and several non‐canonical amino acids. We elucidated important aspects of its biosynthesis and evaluated its bioactivity. Our studies showcase HiTES as an effective approach for unearthing new chemical matter from “drained” strains.
Disentangled ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene thin film as a transparent substrate for flexible flat panel display
Authors: Shukla Devesh K. , Dey Anamika , Singh Ashish , Tripathi Sandeep N. , Bonda Sateesh , Saha Sukdeb , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan , Srivastava Vivek K. , Jasra Raksh Vir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of polymeric thin film as a substrate material in fabrication of flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices is well known. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphtalate (PEN) thin films are used for such purpose commercially. In the present work, 10g of disentangled ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (D‐UHMWPE) was processed into 35 ± 5μ thin film by continuous solid state compaction process between two heated rollers of roll mill. The temperature of both rollers was kept at 125°C as well as 128°C and the thin‐film production rate was 1.5 m/min. Subsequently film was studied for substrate application in fabrication of flexible OLEDs. The primary requirement of OLED substrate material namely chemical stability, transparency, and dimensional stability of D‐UHMWPE thin film were studied. D‐UHMWPE film showed excellent chemical stability under various solvents (chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, acetone, and isopropanol) treatments along with >80% transparency and dimensional stability up to 100 ± 10°C (machine and transverse directions 0.001% and 0% at 90°C and 0.003% and 0% at 110°C). Finally, OLED device was fabricated on D‐UHMWPE surface which showed excellent performance in terms of (light emitting) even when the devices were bended.
Enhancing toughness of poly(lactic acid) by regulating the hydroxyl value and viscosity of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene
Authors: Ma Zhirui , Zhang Caili , Tang Duo , Yang Yang , Yang Fan , Zhao Min , Han Yu , Weng Yunxuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrittleness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer obtained from renewable and natural sources, hinders its widespread applications. This study provides a convenient and economical way to enhance the toughness of PLA by using hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) liquid rubber to modify PLA. Four types of HTPB with varied hydroxyl values and viscosities were used to prepare PLA/HTPB blends. The effects of HTPB content on the mechanical characteristics, phase structure, thermal and crystalline properties of the toughened blends were systematically investigated. For PLA/HTPB2‐5%, the elongation at break and impact strength was 87% and 58 kJ/m2, respectively, which was 12.8 and 3.5 times that of neat PLA. Due to the relatively lower hydroxyl value and suitable viscosity of HTPB2, PLA/HTPB2‐5% exhibited the best impact toughness and had the highest impact strength. When the content of HTPB exceeded 5%, the mechanical properties of PLA/HTPBs gradually decreased. This could be due to the gradual increase of particle size of the dispersed phase with increasing HTPB content, resulting in serious phase separation between the dispersed phase and continuous phase. The resultant PLA/HTPB2 composites with improved toughness could have potential applications in engineering materials thus enlarging the spectrum of applications for PLA.
People imitate others' dishonesty but do not intentionally search information about it
Authors: Leib Margarita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhen people see that others lie for financial profit, they are more likely to lie themselves. But do people search for information about others' behavior in ethically tempting situations? And among those who search, what type of information do they search for? Specifically, do people search for information about others' dishonesty in particular, to justify their future transgressions, or do they search for information about others' behavior in general to learn about the descriptive social norm? Across four financially incentivized experiments (Ntotal = 2642), participants engaged in a task in which they could lie for profit. Before starting their task, participants could search for information about others' behavior in the same task. Results reveal that when people search for information, they do so in order to learn about the descriptive norm, not to intentionally learn about others' dishonesty. When the decision to search for information results in observing more dishonest others, participants become more dishonest themselves. Testing a boundary condition revealed that when information search is costly (vs. free), people search for less information, observe less dishonest others, and subsequently are less dishonest themselves. Findings suggest that in settings where people may act dishonestly, information about others behavior should be costly to obtain.
Integrating experience with databases, bioinformatics, and wet lab exercises for students in an introductory genetics course
Authors: Carroll David J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudents often have no exposure to the incredible amount of genomic and proteomic data that is freely and easily accessible online. Becoming familiar with these resources, and seeing how they could be applied to a specific research question, is a prerequisite for students to apply them to their own scientific development. Many students have to “see it” and “do it” before they “get it.” This paper describes a teaching laboratory for undergraduate Genetics students that combines exploration of several publicly available databases with some simple bioinformatic exercises and “‘real” live experience in a wet lab exercise. The goal is to teach skills in applying genomic data to a real scientific question. In this exercise, students identify a target protein after exploring several protein and signal transduction databases, such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. They then search for the encoding RNA in a newly available sea star mature egg transcriptome database and for the DNA in an existing sea star genome database. The students design primers against specific regions or domains in their target RNA and amplify these by reverse transcription PCR against RNA purified from fresh sea star eggs. The PCR reactions are analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. It is hoped that the combination of the computational biology exercises with the real lab work will excite the students and stimulate them to explore this exciting new biology further.
Current progress of cerebral organoids for modeling Alzheimer's disease origins and mechanisms
Authors: Sreenivasamurthy Sai , Laul Mahek , Zhao Nan , Kim Tiffany , Zhu Donghui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that has emerged as a leading risk factor for dementia associated with increasing age. Two‐dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models, which have been used to analyze AD pathology and search for effective treatments for decades, have significantly contributed to our understanding of the mechanism of AD. Despite their successes, 2D and animal models can only capture a fraction of AD mechanisms due to their inability to recapitulate human brain‐specific tissue structure, function, and cellular diversity. Recently, the emergence of three‐dimensional (3D) cerebral organoids using tissue engineering and induced pluripotent stem cell technology has paved the way to develop models that resemble features of human brain tissue more accurately in comparison to prior models. In this review, we focus on summarizing key research strategies for engineering in vitro 3D human brain‐specific models, major discoveries from using AD cerebral organoids, and its future perspectives.
Profiling Heparan Sulfate‐Heavy Metal Ions Interaction Using Electrochemical Techniques
Authors: Shitrit Ariel , Mardhekar Sandhya , Alshanski Israel , Jain Prashant , Raigawali Rakesh , Shanthamurthy Chethan D. , Kikkeri Raghavendra , Yitzchaik Shlomo , Hurevich Mattan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHeparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans provides extracellular matrix defense against heavy metals cytotoxicity. Identifying the precise glycan sequences that bind a particular heavy metal ion is a key for understanding those interactions. Here, electrochemical and surface characterization techniques were used to elucidate the relation between the glycans structural motifs, uronic acid stereochemistry, and sulfation regiochemistry to heavy metal ions binding. A divergent strategy was employed to access a small library of structurally well‐defined tetrasaccharides analogs with different sulfation patterns and uronic acid compositions. These tetrasaccharides were electrochemically grafted onto glassy carbon electrodes and their response to heavy metal ions was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Key differences in the binding of Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) were associated with a combination of the uronic acid type and the sulfation pattern.
CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 expression is associated with patient survival in breast cancer
Authors: Aiyappa‐Maudsley Radhika , Storr Sarah J , Rakha Emad A , Green Andrew R , Ellis Ian O , Martin Stewart G 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 family of enzymes metabolise a wide range of compounds and play important roles in breast cancer pathogenesis due to their involvement in estrogen metabolism and the production of carcinogenic metabolites during this process. The orphan CYPs, CYP2S1, and CYP2W1 are reportedly upregulated in breast cancer. However, their expression and association with clinicopathological and survival parameters have not been previously assessed in a large cohort of breast cancers. Protein expression of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 was assessed in early‐stage invasive breast cancers (n = 1,426) using immunohistochemistry and correlated with various clinicopathological parameters and survival. mRNA expression of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 was also assessed in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort. Low nuclear and cytoplasmic CYP2S1 was significantly associated with high‐grade tumours (p ≤ 0.009), intermediate Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) group (p ≤ 0.025), high mitotic frequency (p ≤ 0.002), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative disease (p ≤ 0.011), and ductal carcinoma (p ≤ 0.022). Cytoplasmic CYP2S1 was additionally associated with patients ≥50 years (p < 0.001), estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive tumours (p = 0.011), and high nuclear pleomorphism (p = 0.003). Low cytoplasmic CYP2W1 was significantly associated with patients ≥50 years (p = 0.002), HER2‐negative disease (p = 0.003), intermediate NPI (p = 0.013), and mitosis (p = 0.009). Low cytoplasmic CYP2S1 was significantly associated with adverse breast cancer specific survival (p = 0.034), which remained so in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.639; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.483–0.846; p = 0.002). Low nuclear CYP2W1 was significantly associated with adverse breast cancer specific survival (p = 0.012), with significance also maintained in multivariate analysis (HR: 0.677; 95% CI: 0.510–0.898; p = 0.007). No associations with survival were observed in the METABRIC cohort. CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 are associated with patient survival in breast cancer and may be important prognostic biomarkers.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Silver Complexes as Versatile Chemotherapeutic Agents Targeting Human Topoisomerases and Actin
Authors: Mariconda Annaluisa , Iacopetta Domenico , Sirignano Marco , Ceramella Jessica , Costabile Chiara , Pellegrino Michele , Rosano Camillo , Catalano Alessia , Saturnino Carmela , El‐Kashef Hussein , Aquaro Stefano , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Longo Pasquale 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the number of people suffering from cancer has risen rapidly and the World Health Organization and U.S. and European governments have identified this pathology as a priority issue. It is known that most bioactive anticancer molecules do not target a single protein but exert pleiotropic effects, simultaneously affecting multiple pathways. In our study, we designed and synthesized a new series of silver N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes [(NHC)2Ag]+[AgX2]− (X=iodide or acetate). The new complexes were active against two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231. These compounds showed multiple target actions as anticancer, by inhibiting in vitro the activity of the human topoisomerases I and II and interfering with the cytoskeleton dynamic, as also confirmed by in silico studies. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of these silver complexes was studied against Gram‐positive/negative bacteria. These dual properties provide a two‐tiered approach, making these compounds of interest to be further deepened for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.