bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes of children with neonatal transfer: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Hirata Katsuya , Ueda Kimiko , Wada Kazuko , Ikehara Satoyo , Tanigawa Kanami , Kimura Tadashi , Ozono Keiichi , Iso Hiroyasu ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Iso Hiroyasu , Shima Masayuki , Nakamura Hiroshige , Suganuma Narufumi , Kusuhara Koichi , Katoh Takahiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association of neonatal transfer with the risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years of age. Data were obtained from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. A general population of 103,060 pregnancies with 104,062 fetuses was enrolled in the study in 15 Regional Centers between January 2011 and March 2014. Live-born singletons at various gestational ages, including term infants, without congenital anomalies who were followed up until 3 years were included. Neurodevelopmental impairment was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) at 3 years of age. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted risk and 95% confidence interval (CI) for newborns with neonatal transfer. Socioeconomic and perinatal factors were included as potential confounders in the analysis. Among 83,855 live-born singletons without congenital anomalies, 65,710 children were studied. Among them, 2780 (4.2%) were transferred in the neonatal period. After adjustment for potential confounders, the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment (scores below the cut-off value of all 5 domains in the ASQ-3) was higher in children with neonatal transfer compared with those without neonatal transfer (communication: 6.5% vs 3.5%, OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.19–1.70; gross motor: 7.6% vs 4.0%, OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07–1.49; fine motor: 11.3% vs 7.1%, OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03–1.36; problem solving: 10.8% vs 6.8%, OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12–1.48; and personal-social: 6.2% vs 2.9%, OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26–1.83). Conclusion: Neonatal transfer was associated with a higher risk of neurodevelopmental impairment at 3 years of age.

What is Known:• Neonatal transfer after birth in preterm infants is associated with adverse short-term outcomes.• Long-term outcomes of outborn infants with neonatal transfer in the general population remain unclear.

What is New:• This study suggests that neonatal transfer at birth is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment.• Efforts for referring high-risk pregnant women to higher level centers may reduce the incidence of neonatal transfer, leading to improved neurological outcomes in the general population.
Na,K-ATPase α1 and β-subunits show distinct localizations in the nervous tissue of the large milkweed bug
Authors: Herbertz Marlena , Harder Sönke , Schlüter Hartmut , Lohr Christian , Dobler Susanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Na,K-ATPase (NKA) is an essential ion transporter and signaling molecule in all animal tissues and believed to consist at least one α and one ß-subunit to form a functional enzyme. In the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, adaptation to dietary cardiac glycosides (CGs), which can fatally block the NKA, has resulted in gene duplications leading to four α1-subunits. These differ in sensitivity to CGs, but resistance trades off against ion pumping activity, thus influencing the α1-subunits’ suitability for specific tissues. Besides, O. fasciatus possesses four different ß-subunits that can alter the NKA's kinetics and should play an essential role in the formation of cellular junctions.Proteomic analyses revealed the distribution and composition of α1/ß-complexes in the nervous tissue of O. fasciatus. The highly CG-resistant, but less active α1B and the highly active, but less resistant α1C predominated in the nervous tissue and co-occurred with ß2 and ß3, partly forming larger complexes than just heterodimers. Immunohistochemical analyses provided a fine scale resolution of the subunits’ distribution in different morphological structures of the nervous tissue. This may suggest that α1 as well as ß-subunits occur in isolation without the other subunit, which contradicts the present understanding that the two types of subunits have to associate to form functional complexes. An isolated occurrence was especially prominent for ß3 and βx, the enigmatic fourth and N-terminally largely truncated ß-subunit. We hypothesize that dimerization of these ß-subunits plays a role in cell–cell contacts.
Data news dissemination strategy for decision making using new media platform
Authors: Li Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn big data era, data has become an important part of human lives and work. At the same time, data plays an important role in information acquisition and dissemination. At present, the influence of data journalism is gradually increasing. However, unlike other countries, China data journalism started late. To study the problems of data journalism and the trend of future development, we use the method of combining data and news to explore the status quo and dig out the existing problems. This article first summarizes the research status, research methods, and theoretical basis of data journalism's propagation path. Next, it uses Lasswell's 5W model: a new model to analyze data news from five aspects, namely, disseminator, disseminating channel, dissemination content, audience, and dissemination effect. Finally, based on content analysis, searching, and data mining, an indicator system is constructed for the current new media’s news dissemination effect evaluation, and the Delphi method is used to assign weights to various indicators and make decisions based on them. By analyzing the results, this paper identify the problems in the process of combining data journalism and new media platforms, and provide help for the future communication strategy of data journalism.
Image fairness in deep learning: problems, models, and challenges
Authors: Tian Huan , Zhu Tianqing , Liu Wei , Zhou Wanlei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, it has been revealed that machine learning models can produce discriminatory predictions. Hence, fairness protection has come to play a pivotal role in machine learning. In the past, most studies on fairness protection have used traditional machine learning methods to enforce fairness. However, these studies focus on low dimensional inputs, such as numerical inputs, whereas more recent deep learning technologies have encouraged fairness protection with image inputs through deep model methods. These approaches involve various object functions and structural designs that break the spurious correlations between targets and sensitive features. With these connections broken, we are left with fairer predictions. To better understand the proposed methods and encourage further development in the field, this paper summarizes fairness protection methods in terms of three aspects: the problem settings, the models, and the challenges. Through this survey, we hope to reveal research trends in the field, discover the fundamentals of enforcing fairness, and summarize the main challenges to producing fairer models.
Using hierarchical unsupervised learning to integrate and reduce multi-level and multi-paraspinal muscle MRI data in relation to low back pain
Authors: Torres-Espin Abel , Keller Anastasia , Johnson Gabriel T. A. , Fields Aaron J. , Krug Roland , Ferguson Adam R. , Hargens Alan R. , O’Neill Conor W. , Lotz Jeffrey C. , Bailey Jeannie F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe paraspinal muscles (PSM) are a key feature potentially related to low back pain (LBP), and their structure and composition can be quantified using MRI. Most commonly, quantifying PSM measures across individual muscles and individual spinal levels renders numerous separate metrics that are analyzed in isolation. However, comprehensive multivariate approaches would be more appropriate for analyzing the PSM within an individual. To establish and test these methods, we hypothesized that multivariate summaries of PSM MRI measures would associate with the presence of LBP symptoms (i.e., pain intensity).MethodsWe applied hierarchical multiple factor analysis (hMFA), an unsupervised integrative method, to clinical PSM MRI data from unique cohort datasets including a longitudinal cohort of astronauts with pre- and post-spaceflight data and a cohort of chronic LBP subjects and asymptomatic controls. Three specific use cases were investigated: (1) predicting longitudinal changes in pain using combinations of baseline PSM measures; (2) integrating baseline and post-spaceflight MRI to assess longitudinal change in PSM and how it relates to pain; and (3) integrating PSM quality and adjacent spinal pathology between LBP patients and controls.ResultsOverall, we found distinct complex relationships with pain intensity between particular muscles and spinal levels. Subjects with high asymmetry between left and right lean muscle composition and differences between spinal segments PSM quality and structure are more likely to increase in pain reported outcome after prolonged time in microgravity. Moreover, changes in PSM quality and structure between pre and post-spaceflight relate to increase in pain after prolonged microgravity. Finally, we show how unsupervised hMFA recapitulates previous research on the association of CEP damage and LBP diagnostic.ConclusionOur analysis considers the spine as a multi-segmental unit as opposed to a series of discrete and isolated spine segments. Integrative and multivariate approaches can be used to distill large and complex imaging datasets thereby improving the clinical utility of MRI-based biomarkers, and providing metrics for further analytical goals, including phenotyping.
Counterexamples on compositions
Authors: Appell Jürgen , Brito Belén López , Reinwand Simon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe give a collection of 16 examples which show that compositions $$g\circ f$$

g
∘
f

of well-behaved functions $$f$$
f
and $$g$$
g
can be badly behaved. Remarkably, in 10 of the 16 examples it suffices to take as outer function $$g$$
g
simply a power-type or characteristic function. Such a collection of examples may serve as a source of exercises for a calculus course.
Time limit to rescue intestine with viability at risk caused by blood flow disruption in patients presenting with acute abdomen
Authors: Kyuno Takuro , Otsuka Kanki , Kobayashi Makoto , Yoshida Eiji , Sato Kei , Kawagishi Ryoko , Kono Tsuyoshi , Chiba Takehiro , Kimura Toshimoto , Yonezawa Hitoshi , Funato Osamu , Takagane Akinori 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Early management is crucial for acute intestinal blood flow disorders; however, no published study has identified criteria for the time limit for blood flow resumption. This study specifically examines the time factors for avoiding intestinal resection.

Methods
The subjects of this retrospective cohort study were 125 consecutive patients who underwent emergency surgery for a confirmed diagnosis of intestinal strangulation (n = 86), incarceration (n = 27), or volvulus (n = 12), between January 2015 and March 2021. Intestinal resection was performed when intestinal irreversible changes had occurred even after ischemia was relieved surgically. We analyzed the relationship between the time from computed tomography (CT) imaging to the start of surgery (C-S time) and intestinal resection using the Kaplan–Meier method and calculated the estimated intestinal rescue rate. Patient background factors affecting intestinal resection were also examined.

Results
The time limit for achieving 80% intestinal rescue rate was 200 min in C-S time, and when this exceeded 300 min, the intestinal rescue rate dropped to less than 50%. Multivariate analysis identified the APACHE II score as a significant influencing factor.

Conclusion
A rapid transition from early diagnosis to early surgery is critical for patients with acute abdomen originating from intestinal blood flow disorders. The times from presentation at the hospital to surgery should be reduced further, especially for severe cases.
Dynamic Behaviour of Abandoned Underground Mines: Insights from Numerical Simulations
Authors: de Lucia D. , Fazio N. L. , Lollino P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Apulian region (south-east of Italy) is characterized by the presence of old underground cavities used for the extraction of soft calcarenite rocks and then abandoned over time. The assessment of stability of these caves represents a challenging problem, especially for the areas of possible interaction of the caves with overlying structures and infrastructures. The role of environmental factors in triggering disruption processes in the cave has been extensively studied in the literature, but the instability effect related to dynamic loads is often underestimated. Consequently, the purpose of the present work is to propose some advancements in this field by evaluating the effects of dynamic loads, consistent with the regional seismicity, on the stability of calcarenite underground cavities. A large number of two-dimensional parametric finite element analyses has been carried out on ideal cases of single rectangular cavities. The study allowed to detect appreciable instability effects caused by the dynamic input, depending on the cavity width, the thickness of the roof, and the energy content of the dynamic input. The interaction between twin cavities under dynamic conditions has been also studied from a numerical point of view. The results show that plastic failure in the septum is reached earlier under dynamic conditions than static and it is again dependent on the cavity width and the roof thickness. Lastly, a numerical procedure to calculate factor of safety against either shear failure or tensile failure mechanisms has been proposed, which allows to quantify the change of the stability conditions from static to dynamic conditions.
The glycine-containing dipeptide leucine-glycine raises accumbal dopamine levels in a subpopulation of rats presenting a lower endogenous dopamine tone
Authors: Olsson Yasmin , Lidö Helga , Ericson Mia , Söderpalm Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterventions that elevate glycine levels and target the glycine receptor (GlyR) in the nucleus Accumbens (nAc) reduce ethanol intake in rats, supposedly by acting on the brain reward system via increased basal and attenuated ethanol-induced nAc dopamine release. Glycine transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB) appears inefficient, but glycine-containing dipeptides elevate whole brain tissue dopamine levels in mice. This study explores whether treatment with the glycine-containing dipeptides leucine-glycine (Leu-Gly) and glycine-leucine (Gly-Leu) by means of a hypothesized, facilitated BBB passage, alter nAc glycine and dopamine levels and locomotor activity in two rodent models. The acute effects of Leu-Gly and Gly-Leu (1–1000 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or Leu-Gly in combination with ethanol on locomotion in male NMRI mice were examined in locomotor activity boxes. Striatal and brainstem slices were obtained for ex vivo HPLC analyses of tissue levels of glycine and dopamine. Furthermore, the effects of Leu-Gly i.p. (1–1000 mg/kg) on glycine and dopamine output in the nAc were examined using in vivo microdialysis coupled to HPLC in freely moving male Wistar rats. Leu-Gly and Gly-Leu did not significantly alter locomotion, ethanol-induced hyperlocomotor activity or tissue levels of glycine or dopamine, apart from Gly-Leu 10 mg/kg that slightly raised nAc dopamine. Microdialysis revealed no significant alterations in nAc glycine or dopamine levels when regarding all rats as a homogenous group. In a subgroup of rats defined as dopamine responders, a significant elevation of nAc dopamine (20%) was seen following Leu-Gly 10–1000 mg/kg i.p, and this group of animals presented lower baseline dopamine levels compared to dopamine non-responders. To conclude, peripheral injection of glycine-containing dipeptides appears inefficient in elevating central glycine levels but raises accumbal dopamine levels in a subgroup of rats with a lower endogenous dopamine tone. The tentative relationship between dopamine baseline and ensuing response to glycinergic treatment and presumptive direct interactions between glycine-containing dipeptides and the GlyR bear insights for refinement of the glycinergic treatment concept for alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Management of white spot lesions induced during orthodontic treatment with multibracket appliance: a national-based survey
Authors: Weyland Manon Isabelle , Jost-Brinkmann Paul-Georg , Bartzela Theodosia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The study aimed to survey current strategies against enamel demineralization during multibracket therapy (MBT) and guide a prevention concept based on existing scientific evidence.

Materials and methods
The survey comprised questions on the prevention and management of white spot lesions (WSL). The questionnaire was sent via email to orthodontists working in practices and universities throughout Germany. The analysis involved descriptive statistics using the chi-square test (p < 0.05).

Results
A prevention protocol was used before MBT by 80.6% of the participants. Less than a quarter of the participants regularly applied topical fluoride (gel or varnish) during MBT. According to the respondents’ assessment, the prevalence of WSL during MBT is 11.6%, mainly observed in 12- to 15-year-old male patients. Orthodontists graduating after 2000 tended to recommend and apply fluoride-containing materials more often than their senior colleagues (p = 0.039). Participants from private practices applied fluoride varnish or gel more frequently than those from university clinics (p = 0.013). Fluoridation was the most common (70.7%) treatment for WSL after MBT, followed by resin infiltration (21.2%). The majority (80.9%) of the participants favor a guideline for preventing WSL.

Conclusions
WSL prevention during MBT is challenging. Males in puberty are predominantly affected. Younger orthodontists are more concerned about the prevention of WSL during MBT.
Clinical relevance.
The non-negligible prevalence of individuals with WSL emphasizes the need for dental education and health care reform. This would help to implement standardized procedures and establish innovative applications.
Did COVID-19 impact stroke services? A multicenter study
Authors: Shokri Hossam , Nahas Nevine El , Basiony Ahmed El , Nguyen Thanh N. , Abdalkader Mohamad , Klein Piers , Lavados Pablo M. , Olavarría Verónica V. , Amaya Pablo , Llanos-Leyton Natalia , Brola Waldemar , Michał Lipowski , Fariña Donoband Edson Dejesus Melgarejo , Cardozo Analia , Caballero Cesar David , Pedrozo Fatima , Rahman Aminur , Hokmabadi Elyar Sadeghi , Jalili Javad , Farhoudi Mehdi , Aref Hany , Roushdy Tamer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
It has been reported that acute stroke services were compromised during COVID-19 due to various pandemic-related issues. We aimed to investigate these changes by recruiting centers from different countries.

Methods
Eight countries participated in this cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study by providing data from their stroke data base. We compared 1 year before to 1 year during COVID-19 as regards onset to door (OTD), door to needle (DTN), door to groin (DTG), duration of hospital stay, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at baseline, 24 h, and at discharge as well as modified Rankin score (mRS) on discharge and at 3 months follow-up.

Results
During the pandemic year, there was a reduction in the number of patients, median age was significantly lower, admission NIHSS was higher, hemorrhagic stroke increased, and OTD and DTG showed no difference, while DTN time was longer, rtPA administration was decreased, thrombectomy was more frequent, and hospital stay was shorter. mRS was less favorable on discharge and at 3 months.

Conclusion
COVID-19 showed variable effects on stroke services. Some were negatively impacted as the number of patients presenting to hospitals, DTN time, and stroke outcome, while others were marginally affected as the type of management.
Applying machine learning to social datasets: a study of migration in southwestern Bangladesh using random forests
Authors: Best Kelsea , Gilligan Jonathan , Baroud Hiba , Carrico Amanda , Donato Katharine , Mallick Bishawjit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs researchers collect large amounts of data in the social sciences through household surveys, challenges may arise in how best to analyze such datasets, especially where motivating theories are unclear or conflicting. New analytical methods may be necessary to extract information from these datasets. Machine learning techniques are promising methods for identifying patterns in large datasets, but have not yet been widely used to identify important variables in social surveys with many questions. To demonstrate the potential of machine learning to analyze large social datasets, we apply machine learning techniques to the study of migration in Bangladesh. The complexity of migration decisions makes them suitable for analysis with machine learning techniques, which enable pattern identification in large datasets with many covariates. In this paper, we apply random forest methods to analyzing a large survey which captures approximately 2000 variables from approximately 1700 households in southwestern Bangladesh. Our analysis ranked the covariates in the dataset in terms of their predictive power for migration decisions. The results identified the most important covariates, but there exists a tradeoff between predictive ability and interpretability. To address this tradeoff, random forests and other machine learning algorithms may be especially useful in combination with more traditional regression methods. To develop insights into how the important variables identified by the random forest algorithm impact migration, we performed a survival analysis of household time to first migration. With this combined analysis, we found that variables related to wealth and household composition are important predictors of migration. Such multi-methods approaches may help to shed light on factors contributing to migration and non-migration.