bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Confidence in Model-Based Probable Maximum Precipitation: How Important is Model Uncertainty in Storm Reconstruction and Maximization?
Authors: Tarouilly Emilie , Cannon Forest , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We analyze uncertainty in model-based estimates of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) as used in dam spillway design. Our focus is on model-based PMP derived from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model reconstructions of severe historical storms, amplified by the addition of moisture in the boundary conditions [so-called relative humidity maximization (RHM)]. By scaling moisture and predicting the resulting precipitation, the model-based approach arguably is more realistic than currently used techniques [documented in NOAA’s Hydrometeorological Reports (HMRs)], which assume that precipitation scales linearly with moisture. Despite the important improvement this represents, model-based PMP is subject to several sources of uncertainty that have slowed adoption in operational settings. We analyze an ensemble of PMP simulations that reflect recognized sources of uncertainty including the following: 1) initial condition error, 2) choice of physics parameterizations, and 3) upscale propagating model errors. We apply this ensemble approach to the Feather River watershed (Oroville Dam) in California for the storms of February 1986 and January 1997, which produced some of the largest floods on record at that location, after carrying out in-depth evaluations of model reconstructions. Differences in the maximized 72-h precipitation totals across the 56 ensemble members we produced for each storm are modest, ranging from ±7% of ensemble mean. Our results suggest that while model-based PMP estimates should be interpreted as a range of values, model uncertainty appears to be relatively small for the major atmospheric river–driven flood events we investigated.
Two Minutes for Roughing: A National Analysis of Ice Hockey Injuries from American Trauma Centers
Authors: Owattanapanich Natthida , Schellenberg Morgan , Emigh Brent , Grigorian Areg , Martin Matthew J. , Inaba Kenji 
Published: November 2022

Background Hockey is a high-impact sport that carries a risk of injury. No national-level studies defining the burden of injury in this sport have yet been performed. This study sought to analyze patient demographics, injury types and severity, and outcomes after trauma sustained while playing hockey. Methods Retrospective analysis of hockey-related injuries was performed using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) (2007-2018). Patients were identified based on ICD-9 and -10 codes without exclusions. Demographics, clinical/injury data, and outcomes were examined using univariate analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed by patient sex. Results Hockey injuries (n = 306) comprised <1% of the NTDB. Median age was 15 years [IQR 13-25] (range 5-71). Most patients (n = 279, 91%) were male. Lower extremities were the most frequently injured body region (n = 88, 29%). Head injuries occurred in 19% (n = 57). Facial injuries occurred in 6% (n = 17). Tooth loss was infrequent (n = 2, 1%). One (<1%) death occurred after a hockey-related brain injury. Clinical/injury data between male and female hockey players were comparable apart from a significantly higher rate of upper extremity fractures among the female cohort (22% vs 4%, P < .001). Conclusion Perceptions that hockey players may frequently sustain head, face, and tooth injuries from collisions, fighting, or stick/puck impacts were not supported by this national-level study, in which lower extremity fractures were the most common injury. While hockey injury prevention equipment has primarily focused on head/face protection (eg, helmets and mouthguards), this analysis suggests increased focus on extremity protective measures is warranted.
Factors affecting the need of postoperative blood transfusion in elderly patients with intertrochanteric hip fracture
Authors: Cho Myung-Rae , Cho Young-Jae , Song Suk-Kyoon 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: We investigated the risk factors that increased the frequency of blood transfusions in elderly patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures to determine blood transfusion risk before surgery and to take selective precautionary measures in the group at high risk for transfusion to ensure safe surgery. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 203 patients who underwent surgical fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures from January 2015 to December 2020. We hypothesized that patient sex, age, body mass index, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative platelet count, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), preoperative albumin level, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, intraoperative blood loss, duration of surgery, method of anesthesia, and time from injury to surgery would affect the need for blood transfusion. Student's t-test, Chi-squared test, and the one-way analysis of variance test were used to determine whether differences between variables in the transfusion and non-transfusion groups were significant. Results: Unstable fractures ( P = 0.002), general anesthesia ( P = 0.028), lower preoperative hemoglobin levels ( P < 0.001), and lower GFRs ( P < 0.001) were identified as related to blood transfusions in univariate analysis. In multivariate logistic analysis, the need for allogeneic blood transfusion in unstable fractures was approximately 2.949 times higher than in stable fractures ( P = 0.009). The risk in general anesthesia patients was about 2.953 times higher than in spinal anesthesia patients ( P = 0.007). In addition, the need for allogeneic blood transfusion increased by about 1.293 times as preoperative hemoglobin levels decreased by 1 g/dL ( P = 0.017) and increased by about 1.017 times as the GFR decreased by 1 mL/min/1.7m2 ( P = 0.006). Conclusion: Low preoperative hemoglobin levels, low GFRs, general anesthesia, and unstable fractures in elderly patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures increased the risk of blood transfusion.
Efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xu Zhen , Wang Yidi , Zhang Yue , Lu Yifan , Wen Yuhong 
Published: November 2022

Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise for people with knee osteoarthritis. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched from 1966 to September 2022. Review methods Randomized controlled trials evaluating aquatic exercise for people with knee osteoarthritis compared with no exercise and land-based exercise were included. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Results Twenty-two studies with 1394 participants were included. Compared with no exercise (13 trials with 746 participants), low-to high-certainty evidence revealed that aquatic exercise yielded significant improvements in patient-reported pain (SMD −0.58, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.33), stiffness (SMD −0.57, 95% CI −1.03 to −0.11) and physical function (SMD −0.35, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.18) immediately postintervention. A sustained effect was observed only for pain at three months postintervention (SMD −0.48, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.06). The confidence intervals demonstrated that the pooled results do not exclude the minimal clinically important differences. There were no significant differences between the effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise (13 trials with 648 participants) on pain (SMD −0.12, 95% CI −0.29 to 0.04), stiffness (SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.49 to 0.16) or physical function (SMD −0.13, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.02). No study reported a serious adverse event in relation to aquatic exercise. Conclusion Aquatic exercise provides a short-term clinical benefit that is sustained for at least three months postintervention in terms of pain in people with knee osteoarthritis.
Motor Cognitive Dual-Task Testing to Predict Future Falls in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abou Libak , Peters Joseph , Fritz Nora E. , Sosnoff Jacob J. , Kratz Anna L. 
Published: November 2022

Background Mobility and cognitive impairments are often associated with increased fall risk among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, evidence on the concurrent assessment of gait or balance and cognitive tasks (dual-task) to predict falls appears to be inconsistent. Objective To summarize the ability of gait or balance dual-task testing to predict future falls among PwMS. Methods Seven databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL, SPORTDiscuss, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to May 2022. Two independent reviewers identified studies that performed a dual-task testing among adults with multiple sclerosis and monitored falls prospectively for at least 3 months. Both reviewers also evaluated the quality assessment of the included studies. Results Eight studies with 484 participants were included in the review. Most studies (75%) indicated that dual-task testing and dual-task cost did not discriminate prospective fallers (⩾1 fall) and non-fallers (0 fall) and were not found as predictors of future falls. However, dual-task cost of walking velocity (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 0.98-4.45, P = .05) and dual-task of correct response rate of serial 7 subtraction (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04-3.74, P = .02) were significantly associated with increased risk of recurrent falls (≥2 falls). Pattern of cognitive-motor interference was also associated with an increased risk of falling. All studies presented with strong quality. Conclusion The scarce evidence indicates that dual-task testing is not able to predict future falls among PwMS. Further research with more complex motor and cognitive tasks and longer-term fall monitoring is required before dual-task testing can be recommended as a predictor of future falls in this population.
Energy conservation, minimum steps, and adaptations when needed: A scoping review
Authors: Omura Kátia Maki , Augusto de Araujo Costa Folha Otavio , Moreira Paula Silva , da Silva Bittencourt Estéfanny , Seabra Adriene Damasceno , Cardoso Marcelo Marques 
Published: November 2022

Background/objective Although many therapeutic approaches use energy conservation, only a few effectively report the steps involved. Thus, it is intended to identify energy conservation practices to be organized in flexible and adaptable stages. Methods A scoping review was carried out, whose search strategies were applied in seven databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Portal BVS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) following guidelines by Arksey and O’Malley on the Rayyan software. Searches were carried out from January 2010 to December 2020. Inclusion of refered publications with different study designs, participation of adults with or by demands of energy conservation, joint protection, and control of fatigue and/or pain. Exclusion of productions without an occupational therapist or involving merely pharmacological or surgical therapeutic strategies. Results 653 articles were identified, after the selection and eligibility steps, 30 articles were full review, 18 articles were included and 635 excluded. Energy conservation studies have been increasingly focusing on neurological and systemic diseases, especially regarding symptoms of fatigue and pain. The findings were arranged in six strategies whose interventions are essentially based on guidelines and setting goals for patients, client-centered approach. Merely supervised interventions are less frequent. The number of sessions is closed, but the duration of treatment is not yet. Conclusions The signs of pain and fatigue are confirmed as indicators of energy conservation strategies, this delivery can be condensed from planning and organization, priorities, activity analysis, balance between activity and rest, outsourcing of tasks and physical/environmental adaptation. Trial Registration, OSF https://osf.io/rsyq4.
Netrin-1 Secreted by Human Osteoarthritic Articular Chondrocytes Promotes Angiogenesis in Vitro
Authors: Akoum Joulnar , Corvol Marie-Thérèse , Tahiri Khadija , Anract Philippe , Biau David , Borderie Didier , Étienne François , Rannou François , Nguyen Christelle 
Published: November 2022

Objective Netrin-1 expression in articular cartilage is correlated with osteoarthritic changes. We aimed to investigate the contribution of Netrin-1 secreted by human osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes to angiogenesis process in vitro. Design Human articular chondrocytes were extracted from non-osteoarthritic ( n = 10) and osteoarthritic ( n = 22) joints obtained from surgical specimens and incubated for 24 hours. Medium conditioned by non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes were collected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with control and conditioned medium and assessed using assays for cell adherence, migration, and tube formation. Netrin-1 expression and secretion was compared between non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. The role of chondrocyte-secreted Netrin-1 on HUVEC functions was assessed by immunological neutralization using an anti-Netrin-1 monoclonal antibody. Results As compared with medium conditioned by non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes, medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes permitted tube formation by HUVEC. Both non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes expressed Netrin-1 at the RNA and protein levels. At the RNA level, Netrin-1 expression did not differ between non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. At the protein level, Netrin-1 appeared as a full protein of 64 kDa in non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes and as two cleaved proteins of 55 kDa and 64 kDa in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Immunological neutralization of endogenous Netrin-1 reduced the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile of HUVEC treated with the medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes, as well as their capacities to form tubes. Conclusions Medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes permits tube formation by HUVEC in vitro. This permissive effect is mediated by Netrin-1.
Long-term risk of relapse in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and the role of anti-CD20 therapy
Authors: Doyle Andrew J. , Stubbs Matthew J. , Dutt Tina , Lester Will , Thomas Will , van Veen Joost , Hermans Joannes , Cranfield Tanya , Hill Quentin A. , Clark Amanda , Bagot Catherine , Austin Steven , Westwood John-Paul , Thomas Mari , Scully Marie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDisease relapse is recognized as a risk in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) after treatment of the acute presenting episode. Identification of patients at risk of relapse and its patterns are yet to be clearly established. We reviewed patients with iTTP having had &gt;3 years of follow-up over 10 years in the United Kingdom to identify patient characteristics for relapse, assess relapse rates and patterns, and response to anti-CD20 therapy in those with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) relapses (ADAMTS13 activity of &lt;20% without thrombocytopenia). We identified 443 patients demonstrating relapse rates of 40% at 5-year follow-up. At 10-year follow-up, no difference in relapse was observed irrespective of whether rituximab was used at acute presentation (P = .39). Black Caribbean ethnicity increased the risk of disease relapse in the British population. There was a distinct population of patients (6%) that relapsed early with subsequent frequent relapses occurring on average within 2 years (average time to relapse in subgroup, 1.7 years). Overall, nearly 60% of relapses described were ADAMTS13 relapses, with subsequent treatment reducing the risk of progression to clinical relapses. We demonstrate that iTTP diagnosed in the latter part of the study period had lower rates of clinical relapses (22.6% vs 11.1%, P = .0004) with the advent of regular monitoring and preemptive rituximab. In ADAMTS13 relapses, 96% responded to anti-CD20 therapy, achieving ADAMTS13 activity of &gt;20%. Anti-CD20 therapy was demonstrated to be an effective long-term treatment regardless of relapse pattern and there was no loss of this treatment response after subsequent treatment episodes.
Risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes among adults and children with moderate-to-severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Bohee , Lewis Grace , Agyei-Manu Eldad , Atkins Nadege , Bhattacharyya Urmila , Dozier Marshall , Rostron Jasmin , Sheikh Aziz , McQuillan Ruth , Theodoratou Evropi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation in the United Kingdom requested an evidence synthesis to investigate the relationship between asthma and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise evidence on the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in people with uncontrolled asthma or markers of asthma severity.MethodsHigh-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or oral corticosteroids (OCS) were used as markers of asthma severity, following international or national asthma guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Adjusted point estimates were extracted for random-effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses.ResultsAfter screening, 12 studies (11 in adults and one in children) met the eligibility criteria. Adults using high-dose ICS or OCS had a pooled adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.33 (95% CI 1.06–1.67, I2=0%) for hospitalisation and an aHR of 1.22 (95% CI 0.90–1.65, I2=70%) for mortality for COVID-19. We found insufficient evidence for associations between markers on COVID-19 mortality in the subgroup analyses.ConclusionsAdults with severe asthma are at increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation compared to nonusers. Our analysis highlighted the dearth of studies in children with asthma investigating serious COVID-19 outcomes.
Effect of tracheal tube cuff inflation with alkalinized lidocaine versus air on hemodynamic responses during extubation and post-operative airway morbidities in children: prospective observational cohort study, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Biniam , Samuel Hirbo , Fentie Fissiha , Daniel Tenbite , Hika Assefa , Aberra Bacha , Alemu Belete 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Endotracheal tube with an inflated cuff was used to manage and maintain the airway during general anesthesia in children. When the lateral pressure exerted by an inflated Endotracheal tube cuff on tracheal mucosa exceeds capillary perfusion pressure, patients may complain of cough, sore throat, and hoarseness in the postoperative period. This study aimed to assess the effect of a tracheal tube cuff filled with alkalinized lidocaine versus air on hemodynamic parameter changes during extubation and post-operative airway morbidity in children.

Methods
Institutional based observational prospective cohort study was conducted among 56 elective children; aged 3–13 years, who underwent operation under general anesthesia with cuffed endotracheal intubation for greater than one hour by grouping into the air (group1) and alkalinized Lidocaine (group2) at Tikur Anbessa specialized Hospital. Hemodynamic parameters (Heart rate and Blood pressure) and other variables were measured starting from 5 min before extubation to 24th hours after extubation of the endotracheal tube. A Comparison of numerical variables between study group was done with an independent t-test. Data were expressed in terms of mean ± standard deviation. Categorical data were assessed by Chi-square tests.

Results
Postoperative Sore throat was lower in alkalinized lidocaine group compared to the air group. The mean heart rate at five minutes after extubation was significantly lower in alkalinized lidocaine group (107.29 ± 6.457 beat per minute (bpm)) compared to the air group (122.04 ± 8.809 bpm), with P ≤ 0.001. Systolic blood pressure was also significantly lower in alkalinized lidocaine group (99.64 ± 8.434 millimeters of mercury (mmHg)) compared to the air group (108.21 ± 11.902 mmHg), p = 0.016 at five minutes after extubation.

Conclusion
Alkalinized lidocaine inflated tracheal tubes have shown improved hemodynamic and laryngotracheal morbidities in children.
Zero-augmented beta-prime model for multilevel semi-continuous data: a Bayesian inference
Authors: Kamyari Naser , Soltanian Ali Reza , Mahjub Hossein , Moghimbeigi Abbas , Seyedtabib Maryam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSemi-continuous data characterized by an excessive proportion of zeros and right-skewed continuous positive values appear frequently in medical research. One example would be the pharmaceutical expenditure (PE) data for which a substantial proportion of subjects investigated may report zero. Two-part mixed-effects models have been developed to analyse clustered measures of semi-continuous data from multilevel studies. In this study, we propose a new flexible two-part mixed-effects model with skew distributions for nested semi-continuous cost data under the framework of a Bayesian approach. The proposed model specification consists of two mixed-effects models linked by the correlated random effects: Part I) a model on the occurrence of positive values using a generalized logistic mixed model; and Part II) a model on the magnitude of positive values using a linear mixed model where the model errors follow skew distributions including beta-prime (BP). The proposed method is illustrated with pharmaceutical expenditure data from a multilevel observational study and the analytic results are reported by comparing potential models under different skew distributions. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed model. The DIC3, LPML, WAIC, and LOO as the Bayesian model selection criteria and measures of divergence used to compare the models.