bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identity of Euchirograpsus polyodous (Stebbing, 1921) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Plagusiidae), with a key to the genus
Authors: Ng Ngan Kee , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The identity of the poorly known plagusiid crab Euchirograpsus polyodous (Stebbing, 1921) is clarified on the basis of a good series of specimens from Zanzibar. The species proves to be a senior synonym of Euchirograpsus madagascariensis Türkay, 1978. The species is characterized by the more elongate and rugose third maxillipeds, distinctly serrate flexor margins of the second and third ambulatory legs, presence of only five major pairs of corneous setae on the ambulatory dactylus, and structure of the male first gonopod. The holotype of Euchirograpsus madagascariensis Türkay, 1978, is here designated as the neotype of Pachygrapsus polyodous Stebbing, 1921, making both names objective synonyms. A key to the nine species of Euchirograpsus is provided.
Redescription of Nothobomolochus cypseluri (Yamaguti, 1953) (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Bomolochidae) recovered from an unidentified flyingfish (Pisces, Beloniformes, Exocoetidae) in Japan
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nothobomolochus cypseluri (Yamaguti, 1953) is redescribed based on specimens of the female recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of an unidentified flyingfish, collected at the Owase fish market, Owase, Mie Prefecture. The possession of postantennal processes and lateral processes was verified in this species for the first time, next to these structures in N. aigo Izawa, 2022, in this genus.
Description of a new species of Kovalevskiella (Ostracoda, Limnocytheridae, Timiriaseviinae) from groundwater of the Danube river in Austria
Authors: Gaviria Santiago 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The species name Kovalevskiella elisabethae n. sp. is proposed for a new taxon of a Recent ostracod found in interstitial sediments of the alluvial plain of the Danube in the surroundings of Vienna, Austria. The main characters that differentiate Kovalevskiella elisabethae n. sp. from its congeners K. bulgarica, K. cvetkovi, K. dani, K. rudjakovi and K. phreaticola are based on the morphology and chaetotaxy of antennula, antenna and mandible. Important diagnostic characters of the new species are the 5-segmented antennula, the presence of 2 setae on the posterior margin of its fourth segment, the presence of only 1 seta (besides the conjoined seta and aesthetasc) on its last segment, as well as the presence of 1 seta on the basis and 3 on the endopodite of the mandibula. An identification key for the Recent species of the genus is provided.
Characterization of the moult cycle in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis Kemp, 1918: the moulting frequency, moulting stages, and haemolymph ecdysteroid levels
Authors: Wang Zhanfang , Cui Xiaodong , Gong Haixue , Zhang Fenghao , Mu Shumei , Zhang Han , Kang Xianjiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the physical evidence of the moulting stages and the characteristics of ecdysteroid levels in the moulting cycle of Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. From hatching to the first complete pleopod development, N. denticulata sinensis moults 14 times at 25°C in the laboratory. The whole process was divided into four stages based on the moulting characteristics during the various intervals. Using the structural changes of the telson and Drach’s classification system, four moulting periods (postmoult, intermoult, premoult, and ecdysis) were recognized. In addition, based on the changes of the setal lumen, internal cone, and the epidermis, the premoult period was further divided into five substages (D0, D1, D2, D3, and D4). Despite similar fluctuation patterns in mature males and females, significant differences of haemolymph ecdysteroid titers were revealed in postmoult, intermoult, and premoult. These works will provide an important additional reference for the exploration of the moulting mechanism in crustaceans.
Copepod communities of the Algerian coast (southwestern Mediterranean Sea, 2°-7°E) and their interaction with hydro-climatic variability
Authors: Mellak Lilia , Hafferssas Aziz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The biodiversity of copepods as examined in the present study is based on an oceanographic survey conducted on two ecosystems along the Algerian coast (central and eastern) in the early autumn of 2014. During that investigation, the thermocline was present at shallow depth, extending between 30 and 80 m. A total of 49 species were recorded in the samples, belonging to 20 families, among which six families, Calanidae, Eucalanidae, Metridinidae, Oithonidae, Paracalanidae, and Temoridae, appeared to be dominant. The total abundance of zooplankton at the 13 stations was less than 600 ind/m3. Two geographic groupings have been distinguished: stations in the central sector (group 1) are in opposition to the other stations in the eastern sector (group 2). The quantitative levels of copepods are less abundant in the east (234.15 ind/m3) than in the centre (334.99 ind/m3). In the central regions, the trophic organization is dominated by omnivores (73.02%), with an inferior co-dominance of carnivores (14.02%) and herbivores (12.95%). In the east, copepods with omnivorous behaviour are strongly represented (82.14%), followed by phytophagous (13.85%) and carnivorous (4.01%) species. The distribution of the abundances over the copepod communities was found to be linked to the temperature, salinity, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and phytoplankton biomass.
Size overlap in intertidal decapod communities on a central Chilean rocky beach (El Quisco, 32°24′S, Valparaiso region, Chile)
Authors: Andrade Daniel , Ventura María José , Stella Chelladurai , De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The intertidal crustaceans on the Chilean coast are characterized by high diversity and niche specialization. The present study applied a size-overlap null model analysis for intertidal decapod communities in a central Chilean rocky beach (El Quisco, 32°24′S). The application of six models simulations revealed that there is a size overlap, confirmed by the results of all those six simulations. This means that the reported species would share their ecological niches. The results agree with the first classical ecological descriptions for Chilean intertidal decapods at a local scale and support the observations for similar species on the southern Pacific and southern Atlantic coasts, and the results of the null model agree with a first comparative study of decapods in the north and on the central Chilean rocky coast.
The Stigma Discourse-Value Framework
Authors: Manago Bianca , Davis Jenny L. , Goar Carla 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although stigma was first theorized as a basic social process, its contemporary developments have been highly compartmentalized. Understanding the nature of stigma—how it operates across subjects and circumstances—requires a return to general theory. The authors take this general turn, focusing on stigma’s discursive element. Through combined case studies of race, disability, and fat stigma (134 interviews with 146 parents), they develop the stigma discourse-value framework (DVF) as a theoretical scaffold for stigma discourse studies. The DVF includes three value-oriented categories: stigma as deficit, value-neutral diversity, and value-added pride. Tracing commonalities and divergences within and between cases vis-à-vis the DVF, the authors show stigma discourse to be a multifaceted interpersonal process that variously reflects, reinforces, and challenges stigmatizing social structures.
PhD-educated Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Women as an Interpretive Cultural Phenomenon
Authors: Binhas Adi , Moskovich Yaffa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) society in Israel is in a process of change involving growing integration into academia, the labor market, and the military. This study deals with the integration of Ultra-Orthodox women into academia. Specifically, it examines how Haredi female PhDs cope with two different value systems. The study utilizes the sociological definitions of dominant culture, subcultures of values, and countercultures. The methodology is qualitative: twenty semi-structured interviews with women with a PhD in Israel in 2021. The findings highlight the motivation to learn as a way of personal expression and development; the attitude of the Haredi community toward female PhDs as rebellious and critical of Ultra-Orthodox values; the women’s integration into academia and subsequent exposure to new values; and their creation of a hybrid subculture in order to function within their two different worlds.
How Do Barcelona and Madrid Cope with the Impacts of Globalisation?
Authors: Crespi-Vallbona Montserrat , Domínguez Pérez Marta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The central aim of this article is to describe the state of art of the impact of globalisation on Barcelona and Madrid (Spain). It especially focuses on the transformations of their historic centres, the most accessible and highly contested spaces, and the reactions of their citizen movements and city councils. It begins by analysing the gentrification process. It then shows how these cities were even more intensively transformed by commercial gentrification, touristification and studentification, all within a general framework of financialisation. Consequently, both cities act like businesses, seeking high profits, and ignoring many of their citizens. Within this context, public policies have undergone a slight change of orientation. In this tense context, this article presents a series of reflections and suggestions for future action.
Double marking of the past in Early Modern Greek
Authors: Koutsoukos Nikos , Karantzola Eleni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper examines double marking of the past feature in verbal formations with preverbs in Early Modern Greek (16th c.). This period is characterized by great linguistic variation reflected in every type of text. We compiled a dataset of 268 formations from a corpus which includes 250 excerpts of prose texts (155,717 words in total). Our analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative criteria. We argue that double marking of the past feature in this period can take two forms, that is, it can be realized as two distinct prefixes (explicit multiple exponence), or it can be realized by one verbal augment (prefix) and as part of the information carried by the verbal allomorph (implicit multiple exponence). The double exponence of this inflectional feature hints at a process of externalization of inflection, while pleonastic exponence of the past feature related to stem allomorphy can be explained as a tendency for explicit exponents of inflectional features.
Between “Tyranny” and “Gentleness”: The Construction of Fernando III and Christian Kings in Arabic-Islamic Sources
Authors: Holt Edward L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the construction of the memory of Fernando III of Castile-León in Arabic-Islamic texts in order to explore the cross-cultural geopolitics of the western Mediterranean. It argues that historiographical attempts to define righteous authority transcended religious affiliation among military and political elites. In support of this claim, this article first provides a macro-historical survey of Arabic-Islamic texts to ascertain common sociocultural features used in describing Iberian kings. While stereotypes of Christian monarchs exist, Muslim depictions of individuals had a broad spectrum of associations. Second, the focused example of the memory of Fernando III demonstrates how Muslim authors were strategic in deciding whether to describe Christian monarchs or remain silent about them, to praise them or criticize/vilify them. Ultimately, in contrast to Western traditions of intensely scrutinizing the conquest narratives in Christian chronicles, which has led to a polarized view opposing Muslim and Christian rhetoric, the Arabic-Islamic sources depict Fernando III within the framework of the collapse of the Almohad state as one ruler among many, thus reflecting a broader sense of Maghrebi geopolitics as a larger struggle to define righteous authority.
The “Jew in the Latrine”: Exploring the Transmission of an Early German Anti-Jewish Narrative
Authors: McDonald William C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An anti-Jewish short narrative, here labelled the “Jew in the Latrine,” was very popular in the Middle Ages and early modern period, appearing in a range of genres in Latin and the vernacular. A Jew falls into a sewer on the Sabbath day and, fearing desecration, neither extracts himself nor permits his extraction from the muck. Vexed over Jewish Sabbath prohibitions, a Christian authority compels the Jew also to remain in the sewer over the Christian Sabbath. This anecdote was intended both to reinforce the trope identifying Jews with filth and excrement, and to ridicule the place of the Law within Judaism itself. Exemplars of the “Jew in the Latrine” within the German cultural region, though bountiful, are researched sketchily. This paper aims to provide the first systematic assessment of these. Important findings are the crucial role played in the transmission of the tale by the circle of the Reformer Philip Melanchthon, and the omnipresence of the city of Magdeburg and the intervention of its archbishops in adjudicating the case of the “Jew in the Latrine.”
Keeping Abreast of Foreign Fashions: Rationalizing Rūs Brooches in a Sixteenth-Century Persian Version of Ibn Faḍlān’s Risāla
Authors: Upham Tonicha Mae 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Studies of Ibn Faḍlān’s tenth-century Risāla, a travel account detailing his journey from Baghdad to the banks of the Volga River, typically rely on thirteenth-century witnesses to the original travelogue. These are our earliest and fullest versions of the text, but are not the only extant records of Ibn Faḍlān’s journey. Due to both its late dating and its spurious interpolations, the partial preservation of the Risāla in Amīn Rāzī’s sixteenth-century geographical work, Haft Iqlīm, is frequently overlooked. This article reconsiders attitudes to Amīn Rāzī’s work, focusing on his claim that Rūs women used oval brooches to restrict the growth of their breasts. Approaching this claim using classical, Arabic, and Persian analogues of breast restriction, cauterization, Amazons, and Islands of Women, and tracing geographical and literary dissemination, Amīn Rāzī’s “rationalization” of Rūs women’s costume will be reframed as the plausible conclusion of a number of robust and longstanding geographical traditions.
The Eclipse of Morality: A Riposte to Lane, Wildman, & Shults’ “Paying the Piper” Commentary
Authors: Ambasciano Leonardo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present contribution is a riposte to Lane, Wildman, and Shults’ commentary on my MTSR article “He Who Pays the Piper Calls the Tune” (Ambasciano 2022). I offer an epistemological and historical criticism of some of their most relevant claims, along with the identification and deconstruction of some of the biases and fallacies behind their commentary. I also highlight – once again – the historiographical neglect and some of the most questionable approaches and unresolved issues in the current CSR 2.0 modus operandi. Along with the ethical and financial impact of private donors with political and religious agendas in the field, such controversial topics call for immediate action from peers and associations to avoid the further drain of money, resources, and personnel in a time of increasing financial austerity. A computational science incapable of confronting and resolving such basic issues is not a computational science at all – it’s mere tech-evangelism.
State Integration vs. Minority Protection through Regional Self-Determination
Authors: Lindström Bjarne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this contribution, Åland’s autonomy as a model for the protection of territorial minorities is analysed and evaluated. The geopolitical background is today’s Europe with, in general, quite strong state integration tendencies. The focus is on Åland’s autonomy’s ability to successfully deliver on the original promises regarding the greatest possible regional self-determination and language protection given at its inception in 1921 by the League of Nations and the Finnish state. Comparisons are made with similar European and Nordic autonomies. The conclusion is that Åland’s position in international law and in the Finnish Constitution remains, thanks primary to its historical origin, relatively strong. However, two negative factors are identified: the severely limited de facto home rule, and the asymmetric partnership between the autonomy and the state. The contribution concludes with a number of lessons learned regarding the legal and political conditions for well-functioning and long-term sustainable autonomies within the framework of today’s sovereign European and Nordic states.
On Meteors and Comets: Is the Crime of Ecocide Back to Stay?
Authors: Negri Stefania 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Crimes against the environment affect fundamental values and collective interests shared by the international community as a whole. The ‘global’ nature of the protected interests and the erga omnes character of many international environmental obligations are the main arguments in favour of the international criminalisation of certain environmental harms. This paper offers a survey of the development of international law with regard to the legal definition and consequences of environmental crimes from the perspective of both the law of state responsibility and international criminal law, up to the latest definition of ecocide and the proposal for its inclusion in the Rome Statute as formulated by the Panel of Independent Experts convened by the Stop Ecocide Foundation. In so doing, the legal regime related to environmental crimes is also considered through the environmental ethics lens, so as to evidence the progressive evolution from an anthropocentric approach to the ecocentric view which characterises the new legal definition of the crime of ecocide.
The Mental Incapacity Defence in International Criminal Law: Ramifications from the Ongwen Trial Judgment
Authors: Chifflet Pascale , Freckelton Ian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The defence of mental incapacity raises unique challenges in the particular context of mass atrocity and international criminal law. Yet, it has remained largely unexplored in the jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals. The Trial Chamber judgment issued by the International Criminal Court in the case of Dominic Ongwen offered a unique opportunity to remedy this and clarify the legal contours of the defence. Unfortunately, the court engaged minimally with these issues. This article examines the court’s reasoning in the Ongwen case and the lessons that may be learnt from it about the operation of the defence, particularly in relation to the treatment of expert evidence. It is contended that while there were significant shortcomings in the claim put forward by Ongwen in the aftermath of the judgment, the prospects of advancing a successful defence of mental incapacity based on control-related disorders in the future appear limited.
‘With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility’: Implied Obligations and the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Kinchin Niamh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The General rules of interpretation in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (vclt) do not only apply to treaties; they also apply to the constitutions of International Organizations (io). A holistic approach to treaty interpretation that combines a textual application of the vclt with a teleological approach to the constitution’s “object and purpose” responds to the need to consider it as a living instrument. However, traditional treaty interpretation is less able to respond to an io’s need to behave as an organization with values and responsibilities that reflect contemporary expectations of accountability. Such challenges could be addressed through the adoption of an extended teleological approach, being the extension of the doctrine of implied powers to implied obligations. The application of implied obligations to the ‘responsibility to protect’ transforms it from a norm to binding legal duty and in doing so, addresses accountability gaps in international governance.
The Semantics of Sharpness and the Prohibition of the Pungent
Authors: Spiers Carmen S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a new understanding of the semantics behind Sanskrit śigru-, which Lubotsky (2002) suggested is a loanword from Scythian related to Old Persian *θigra(ka)- and Modern Persian sīr “garlic.” Although śigru- has been assumed to refer to Moringa oleifera Lam. “drumstick tree,” Meulenbeld (2009=2018) has shown that in Āyurvedic literature it is not exclusively used to denote moringa, but must have referred to various pungent, pro-pitta plants. Lubotsky proposed that what links śigru- (as moringa) to Iranian words for garlic is the idea of a sharp shape. However, given Meulenbeld’s conclusions, enhanced by the survey of śigru- in non-Āyurvedic literature undertaken here, the author proposes that the connection is sharp taste rather than shape. The pungent connection is supported by the fact that Dharma texts forbid eating śigru- along with garlic and onions, as well as by semantic developments of the Sanskrit root tij-. Finally, the survey allows for some cultural explanations of the traditional garlic-and-onion prohibition.
Semantics and Etymology in Yāska’s Nirukta
Authors: Visigalli Paolo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a new interpretation of a type of etymological explanation (T) characteristic of Yāska’s Nirukta. The proposed interpretation sheds light on Yāska’s distinctive ideas on the relation between semantics and etymology. Exemplified by the occurrence meghaḥ … mehati iti sataḥ, T conveys the following information: the noun to be explained is a name (nāman-) that denotes a certain thing (sattva-) as characterized by a certain action. In the example, the noun meghaḥ is a name that denotes the thing cloud as emitting rain-water (mehati). T operates with two ideas intersecting semantics and etymology: (1) names denote things in relation to the latter’s association with a name-giving action; (2) one thing can receive various names in relation to various name-giving actions. While (1) underlies Yāska’s etymologies in general, (2) informs T as well as the structural organization of noun groups in the Nighaṇṭu ‘Thesaurus’, the word-list constituting the root-text commented upon in the Nirukta. Recognition that (2) underlies both T and the Nighaṇṭu noun groups is consistent with the observation that most nouns explained with T occur in the Nighaṇṭu.
A Note on Equiprobability Prior to 1500
Authors: Thakkar Mark 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Rudolf Schuessler has argued that sixteenth-century thinkers developed a concept of equal probability that was virtually absent before 1500 and that may have contributed to the birth of mathematical probability shortly after 1650. This note uses additional textual evidence to argue that the concept of equal probability was in fact generally available to medieval thinkers. It is true that ascriptions of equal probability are comparatively rare in medieval texts, but this can be explained without positing a conceptual blind spot.