bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized Native American impacts on past forest composition across a regional extent in north‐easternUnited States
Authors: Tulowiecki Stephen J. , Ranney Emma R. , Keenan Emily M. , Neubert Gabrielle M. , Hogan Marcie L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimResearchers have debated impacts of past Native American land use on forests including upon tree species composition in north‐eastern United States (US), with estimates of impacts ranging from local to regional extent. This study examines tree relative abundances to assess whether Native Americans influenced geographic distributions prior to Euro‐American settlement.LocationNorth‐eastern United States (approx. 420,000 km2).TaxonAsh (Fraxinusspp.), basswood (Tilia americana), beech (Fagus grandifolia), birch (Betulaspp.), cherry (Prunusspp.), chestnut (Castanea dentata), dogwood (Cornusspp.), elm (Ulmusspp.), fir (Abies balsamea), hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), hickory (Caryaspp.), ironwood (Carpinus carolinianaandOstrya virginiana), maple (Acerspp.), oak (Quercusspp.), pine (Pinusspp.), spruce (Piceaspp.), tamarack (Larix laricina) and walnut (Juglansspp.),MethodsWe used boosted regression trees to model abundance patterns and to assess the importance of distance‐based proxies of Native American land use versus environmental variables. We trained models that included and excluded distance‐based proxies. Abundance estimates from original land survey records (1650–1850 CE) were acquired for taxa at 8 km spatial resolution, and related to Native American settlement locations (1500–1800 CE) and 27 environmental variables.ResultsWhen evaluated upon test data, regional‐scale models of relative abundance that included distance‐based proxies performed only slightly better than models that excluded them, with mean improvements in RMSE of 0.1 percentage points. Models suggest that Native American land use modestly altered the relative abundance of taxa locally, extending no more than 50 km from settlement. Models also suggest slight increases near settlement of a few percentage points in relative abundance for fire‐tolerant and/or dietary taxa (e.g. oak, hickory and pine), and for early‐successional taxa (e.g. ash).Main conclusionsPast Native American land use had no detectable effect on forest composition across a regional extent, but increased the abundance of fire‐tolerant, shade‐intolerant and nut‐producing trees locally.
Improving Government Quality in the Regions of the EU and its System‐Wide Benefits for Cohesion Policy
Authors: Barbero Javier , Christensen Martin , Conte Andrea , Lecca Patrizio , Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés , Salotti Simone 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe quantify the general equilibrium effects on economic growth of improving the quality of institutions at the regional level in the context of the implementation of the European Cohesion Policy for the European Union and the UK. The direct impact of changes in the quality of government is integrated in a general equilibrium model to analyse the system‐wide economic effects resulting from additional endogenous mechanisms and feedback effects. The results reveal a significant direct effect as well as considerable system‐wide benefits from improved government quality on economic growth. A small 5 per cent increase in government quality across European Union regions increases the impact of Cohesion investment by up to 7 per cent in the short run and 3 per cent in the long run. The exact magnitude of the gains depends on various local factors, including the initial endowments of public capital, the level of government quality, and the degree of persistence over time.
Real‐world evidence from over one million COVID‐19 vaccinations is consistent with reactivation of the varicella‐zoster virus
Authors: Hertel M. , Heiland M. , Nahles S. , von Laffert M. , Mura C. , Bourne P.E. , Preissner R. , Preissner S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundReactivation of the varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), which causes herpes zoster (HZ, synonym: shingles) in humans, can be a rare adverse reaction to vaccines. Recently, reports of cases after COVID‐19 vaccination have arisen.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess whether the frequency of HZ is found to increase after COVID‐19 vaccination in a large cohort, based on real‐world data. As a hypothesis, the incidence of HZ was assumed to be significantly higher in subjects who received a COVID‐19 vaccine (Cohort I) vs. unvaccinated individuals (Cohort II).MethodsThe initial cohorts of 1 095 086 vaccinated and 16 966 018 unvaccinated patients were retrieved from the TriNetX database and were matched on age and gender in order to mitigate confounder bias.ResultsAfter matching, each cohort accounted for 1 095 086 patients. For the vaccinated group (Cohort I), 2204 subjects developed HZ within 60 days of COVID‐19 vaccination, while among Cohort II, 1223 patients were diagnosed with HZ within 60 days after having visited the clinic for any other reason (i.e. not vaccination). The risk of developing shingles was calculated as 0.20% and 0.11% for cohort I and cohort II, respectively. The difference was statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001; log‐rank test). The risk ratio and odds ratio were 1.802 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.680; 1.932) and 1.804 (95% CI = 1.682; 1.934).ConclusionsConsistent with the hypothesis, a higher incidence of HZ was statistically detectable post‐COVID‐19 vaccine. Accordingly, the eruption of HZ may be a rare adverse drug reaction to COVID‐19 vaccines. Even though the molecular basis of VZV reactivation remains murky, temporary compromising of VZV‐specific T‐cell‐mediated immunity may play a mechanistic role in post‐vaccination pathogenesis of HZ. Note that VZV reactivation is a well‐established phenomenon both with infections and with other vaccines (i.e. this adverse event is not COVID‐19‐specific).
Care pathways in atopic dermatitis: a retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: von Kobyletzki L. , Ballardini N. , Henrohn D. , Neary M.P. , Ortsäter G. , Geale K. , Rieem Dun A. , Lindberg I. , De Geer A. , Neregård P. , Cha A. , Cappelleri J.C. , Romero W. , Thyssen J.P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with variations in severity and healthcare utilization. Examining patient pathways through analyses of longitudinal patient data provides an opportunity to describe real‐world clinical patient care and evaluate healthcare access and treatment.ObjectiveTo describe longitudinal care pathways including health care management, treatment patterns and disease progression (by proxy measures) in patients with AD.Materials and methodsThis was a longitudinal observational study, which used linked data from national and regional healthcare registers in Sweden. Patients with AD were identified through diagnosis in primary or secondary care or by dispensed medications. Descriptive statistics for number of healthcare visits, type of dispensed drug class, rate of ‐ and time to ‐ referral to secondary care and treatment escalation were calculated.ResultsA total of 341 866 patients with AD distributed as 197 959 paediatric (age < 12), 36 133 adolescent (age ≥ 12‐ < 18) and 107 774 adult (age ≥ 18) patients were included in this study. Healthcare visits to primary and secondary care and dispensation of AD‐indicated treatments were more common during the year in which managed AD care was initiated. Topical corticosteroids (TCSs) and emollients were the most frequently used treatments across all age cohorts while systemic treatment was uncommon in all age cohorts. Among patients who initiated treatment with TCSs, 18.2% escalated to TCSs with higher potency following the start of managed AD care.ConclusionsWe found that healthcare contacts and use of AD‐indicated treatments were concentrated in the year during which managed AD care was initiated and decreased significantly thereafter. Since a significant proportion of patients with AD have flares and persistent AD, our results suggest that patients with AD may be monitored infrequently and are undertreated. There is a need to inform practitioners about adequate treatment options to provide individualized care, in particular for patients with persistent severe AD.
Sex‐specific body mass ageing trajectories in adult Asian elephants
Authors: Lalande Lucas D. , Lummaa Virpi , Aung Htoo H. , Htut Win , Nyein U. Kyaw , Berger Vérane , Briga Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn species with marked sexual dimorphism, the classic prediction is that the sex which undergoes stronger intrasexual competition ages earlier or quicker. However, more recently, alternative hypotheses have been put forward, showing that this association can be disrupted. Here, we utilize a unique, longitudinal data set of a semi‐captive population of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), a species with marked male‐biased intrasexual competition, with males being larger and having shorter lifespans, and investigate whether males show earlier and/or faster body mass ageing than females. We found evidence of sex‐specific body mass ageing trajectories: adult males gained weight up to the age of 48 years old, followed by a decrease in body mass until natural death. In contrast, adult females gained body mass with age until a body mass decline in the last year of life. Our study shows sex‐specific ageing patterns, with an earlier onset of body mass declines in males than females, which is consistent with the predictions of the classical theory of ageing.
Length–weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Across‐ and within‐species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor)
Authors: Czudaj Stephanie , Möllmann Christian , Fock Heino O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present estimates of length–weight relationships (LWRs) of 55 mesopelagic fish species of 13 taxonomic families based on data collected in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) in March/April 2015. Our data include novel records for 19 species, while for 25 species LWRs are based on the most robust sample sizes, and for 21 species they are based on the most representative size ranges available up to now. In 31 species, body lengths were within the maximum range of body lengths recorded in the area, with new records of maximum lengths for 13 species. Most values for b fell between 2.5 and 3.5 with a mean exponent b of 3.08 (median 3.12) and a mean a of 0.0172 (median 0.0113). Body shape as covariate (‘elongated’, ‘fusiform’ and ‘short‐deep’) strongly determined the variation in log a as a function of parameter b. For the mesopelagic fish species investigated, the form factor a3.0 indicated a significant increase of median a3.0 from ‘elongated’ to ‘fusiform’ to ‘short‐deep’ body shapes. Large variability existed in parameter b between species of the same taxonomic family. Isometric growth was indicated in only nine species, whereas a positive allometry was suggested in 22 species. Using segmented regression analysis, we investigated ontogenetic variation in LWRs in 30 species. Of these, 20 species showed a breakpoint in LWR, whereby nearly equal numbers exhibited an increase or a decrease in slope following the breakpoint. Seven out of nine species showed significant regional variation in the slope of the relationship of the relative condition factor Krel vs. body length between two or more regions of the ETNA [eastern and western part of the oxygen minimum zone (LO–E, LO–W), northern and central equatorial region (EQ–N, EQ–C)]. A conspicuous pattern was an increase in Krel with body size in the LO–E (in six out of eight species), whereas in the LO–W and the equatorial regions the majority of species showed a related decrease. These findings support the idea that growth patterns in mesopelagic fishes in tropical regions show species‐specific ecological niche and life‐history adaptations that are finely tuned to small‐scale regional environmental conditions. Comparison of our data with those of other studies emphasises that, regarding the small adult sizes of many mesopelagic fish species, estimates of LWR parameters are strongly influenced by sampled size distributions.
Values‐based Trust as a Shift Parameter for Collective Organizing: The Case of Magnum Photos
Authors: Bhardwaj Akhil , Sergeeva Anastasia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor economic agents seeking to organize collectively, opportunism is a central concern – any invasion by opportunistic agents can threaten an organization’s viability. To understand how economic agents address this concern, we examine Magnum Photos, an enduring elite cooperative of freelance photographers that screened prospective members based on shared values. We identify two mechanisms through which these shared values engendered non‐calculative trust that renders collective organizing economically viable. We unpack how this values‐based trust attenuates hazards of opportunism and promotes risk bearing and innovation when property rights are appropriately assigned to individual members and the size of the collective organization remains relatively small. We maintain that Magnum can be regarded as a form of collective entrepreneurship adopted by risk bearing agents bound together by shared values. We provide unique insight into how economic agents in industries beset by measurement problems can organize collectively around shared values to mitigate opportunism and innovate.
Fueling green connections: Networked policy instrument choices for sustainability regulation
Authors: Mukherjee Ishani 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a policy network analysis study that examines policy subsystem interconnectedness and cohesion, to explore three constituent regulatory policy instruments that have a combined impact on governing sustainability. The network surrounding the environmental sustainability of biodiesel policy in Indonesia is marked by high interconnectedness and relatively weaker cohesion, properties that impact how policy solutions are formulated through policy actor interactions and define prevailing policy formulation styles. Using primary policy network data on 46 organizations and the review of national regulations, laws, and directives, this paper tests established hypotheses on how instruments that are formulated within the same policy subsystem, share similar characteristics. While overall network interconnectedness and cohesion are important first indicators of policy instrument selection in the literature on policy design, this article recommends also including an examination of network centrality and the characteristics of dominant central actors who are in favorable positions to design policies, to better accommodate for different policy formulation styles.
Efficient Evaluation of Prediction Rules in Semi-Supervised Settings under Stratified Sampling
Authors: Gronsbell Jessica , Liu Molei , Tian Lu , Cai Tianxi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn many contemporary applications, large amounts of unlabelled data are readily available while labelled examples are limited. There has been substantial interest in semi-supervised learning (SSL) which aims to leverage unlabelled data to improve estimation or prediction. However, current SSL literature focuses primarily on settings where labelled data are selected uniformly at random from the population of interest. Stratified sampling, while posing additional analytical challenges, is highly applicable to many real-world problems. Moreover, no SSL methods currently exist for estimating the prediction performance of a fitted model when the labelled data are not selected uniformly at random. In this paper, we propose a two-step SSL procedure for evaluating a prediction rule derived from a working binary regression model based on the Brier score and overall misclassification rate under stratified sampling. In step I, we impute the missing labels via weighted regression with nonlinear basis functions to account for stratified sampling and to improve efficiency. In step II, we augment the initial imputations to ensure the consistency of the resulting estimators regardless of the specification of the prediction model or the imputation model. The final estimator is then obtained with the augmented imputations. We provide asymptotic theory and numerical studies illustrating that our proposals outperform their supervised counterparts in terms of efficiency gain. Our methods are motivated by electronic health record (EHR) research and validated with a real data analysis of an EHR-based study of diabetic neuropathy.
Development and validation of the supervision practice in human services scale
Authors: Osteen Philip J. , King Erin A. , Wilke Dina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the development and validation of a scale to measure supervision practice in human service agencies. Supervision in human services is designed to provide management, mediation, professional development, and personal support to workers. The Supervision Practices in Human Services scale (SPHS) captures a range of supervisory practices from productive to abusive behaviours. The SPHS had strong psychometric properties. It includes 23 items with four subscales (Leadership, Inattention, Unprofessional Modelling, Unethical Practice). The SPHS can be used to identify training needs for supervisors or identify where interventions are needed to stop harmful behaviour.
Contact Characteristics Analysis of Deep Groove Ball Bearings Under Combined Angular Misalignments and External Loads
Authors: Xu Hongyang , Wang Pengfei , Ma Hui , He Duo , Zhao Xiang , Bao Yingli , Yang Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to the uncontrollable factors in the installation process, the angular misalignments of the inner and outer races may exist in deep groove ball bearings. In order to analyze the performances of bearings with misalignments, a quasi-static model of deep groove ball bearings is developed under the combined angular misalignments and external loads. In this model, considering the different cases of the combined angular misalignments, the time-invariant or time-varying abnormal preload caused by the misalignment is calculated. The proposed model also considers the weakening effects of the rib of the raceway on the contact force, which makes the proposed model more practical than the traditional model. Based on the proposed model, the contact characteristics of the bearing are analyzed. The results show that the misalignment angle and the radial load greatly influence the contact characteristics, and the rotational speed significantly changes the friction force.
GW170817 and GW190425 as hybrid stars of dark and nuclear matter
Authors: Zhang Kilar , Huang Guo-Zhang , Tsao Jie-Shiun , Lin Feng-Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose three scenarios for compact hybrid stars composed of nuclear and dark matter. These hybrid stars could provide alternative interpretations to the LIGO/Virgo events GW170817 and GW190425. To demonstrate our proposal, we solve the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff configurations of hybrid stars by using the SLy4, APR4, and SKb equations of state (EoS) for nuclear matter, and an EoS for a bosonic self interacting dark matter (SIDM) proposed by Colpi et al. (Phys Rev Lett 57:2485, 1986). We then obtain their mass–radius and tidal Love number (TLN)-mass relations, and further examine the possible saddle instability of these compact objects by the generalized Bardeen–Thorne–Meltzer (BTM) criteria. Our results show that the hybrid star scenarios are able to explain GW170817 and GW190425. Some hybrid stars can have compact neutron or mixed cores around 10 km while possessing thick dark matter shells, thus they can be more massive than the maximum mass of the typical neutron stars but are electromagnetically detected with about the same size of neutron stars. Reversely, we also infer the dark matter model from the parameter estimation of GW190425. Our proposed hybrid stars can be further tested by the coming LIGO/Virgo O3 events.
Energy exchange between Tolman VII and a polytropic fluid
Authors: Contreras E. , Stuchlik Z. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, the Gravitational Decoupling through the Minimal Geometric Deformation was applied to study a mixture of a spherically symmetric internal solution of the Einstein gravitational equations with a polytropic fluid, giving interesting results of the energetic interchanges in the special case of the Tolman IV solution. In this work, we extend these newly introduced methods to the case of Tolman VII space-times that are currently considered as a convenient exact solution of Einstein equations representing relatively precisely realistic neutron stars.
Predictive Model of Cerebral Vasospasm in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Based on Regression Equation
Authors: Li Jianzhong , Zhou Kaiguo , Wang Lei , Cao Qiumei 
Published: April 2022

In order to explore the regression equation for the prediction model of subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, the nomogram prediction model of SCVS occurrence was established. This study is a retrospective analysis of 125 cases of aSAH admitted to a hospital; the patients were divided into SCVS group and non-SCVS group. Select SIRI as a simple and reliable marker of inflammation, analyze its correlation with SCVS and its predictive value, and analyze the predictive value of SIRI to SCVS through ROC curve. Based on the SIRI inflammation level and other related risk factors, a nomogram prediction model for the occurrence of SCVS was built. The experimental results show that the SIRI level of patients in the SCVS group was significantly higher than that of the non-SCVS group, and logistic regression analysis found that SIRI is an independent risk factor for SCVS.

S
I
R
I
=
3.63
×

10

9

/
L

is the best cutoff value for diagnosing the occurrence of SCVS. When

TC
=
2.24

mmol/L and

SIRI
=
3.63
×
10

%/L, its Youden Index is the largest (0.312, 0.296) and is the best cutoff value for predicting the occurrence of SCVS; at the same time, its prediction accuracy (area under the ROC curve (AUC)), sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, and negative predictive value are 0.743, 72.70%, 80.10%, 77.53%, and 94.24% and 0.725, 70.60%, 76.90%, 73.49%, and 93.59%. Nomogram prediction model establishment and evaluation combined with the results of multifactor analysis are used to build an individual nomogram prediction model. The model has good prediction consistency (C-

index
=
0.685

,

P
<
0.01

). ROC analysis results showed that the model that combined SIRI and other standard variables (

AUC
=
0.896

, 95% CI was 0.803-0.929,

P
<
0.001

) was better than the model that did not combine SIRI (

AUC
=
0.859

, 95% CI was 0.759-0.912,

P
<
0.001

) and the model based only on SIRI (

AUC
=
0.725

, 95% CI was 0.586-0.793,

P
=
0.001

) has better predictive value for SCVS. Joint SIRI will optimize the prediction performance of the nomogram model and improve the early recognition and screening capabilities of SCVS.