bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study on adherence to secondary prevention medications after coronary bypass surgery
Authors: Heitmann Leon Arnar , Gudmundsdottir Ingibjorg Jona , Jonsdottir Freyja , Gudbjartsson Tomas , Sigurdsson Martin Ingi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We assessed adherence to statins, beta-blockers and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and factors associated with non-adherence.

METHODS
This nationwide retrospective cohort study included all individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery from 22 May 2007 to 20 December 2018, at Landspitali—the National University Hospital (n = 1536). Data on dispensed prescriptions were retrieved from the National Prescription Medicine Registry. Adherence was estimated by the proportion of days covered up to 2 years after hospital discharge, with cut-offs for strict adherence and non-adherence at over 80% and under 50%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess variables associated with non-adherence.

RESULTS
Criteria for strict adherence were met by 39.2%, 36.9% and 30.1% of patients for statins, beta-blockers and RAS inhibitors, respectively. Non-adherence criteria were met for 14.4%, 25.9% and 43.6% of patients for statins, beta-blockers and RAS inhibitors, respectively. High Hospital Frailty Risk Score Class (statins: odds ratio (OR) 2.29, confidence interval (CI) 1.02–4.86; RAS inhibitors: OR 2.06, CI 1.04–4.04), concomitant aortic valve replacement (statins: OR 1.64, CI 1.11–2.38; RAS inhibitors: OR 1.78, CI 1.26–2.52) and a new prescription for a medication class following surgery (statins: OR 2.87, CI 2.06–4.01; beta-blockers: OR 1.70, CI 1.32–2.18; RAS inhibitors: OR 6.95, CI 5.27–9.25) were associated with non-adherence.

CONCLUSIONS
Non-adherence to medical therapy after coronary artery bypass surgery is common. Patients with a higher burden of frailty and patients naive to the medical treatment of coronary artery disease should be a target group for efforts to increase medication adherence.
Surgical revascularization for stable coronary syndrome: the ISCHEMIA trial versus a single-centre matched population—a real-world analysis of patients undergoing surgical revascularization
Authors: De Martino Andrea , Del Re Federico , Gregori Dario , Azzolina Danila , Pascarella Clemente , Falcetta Giosuè , Ravenni Giacomo , Celiento Michele , Morganti Riccardo , Colli Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to test if the current general practice of surgical revascularization is comparable to the setting of International Study of Comparative Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial and to evaluate the comparative risk of cardiovascular events or death after coronary artery bypass grafting.METHODSWe selected patients undergoing surgical revascularization and matching ISCHEMIA inclusion criteria. Chronic coronary syndrome patients were included if diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia by functional testing and coronary artery disease at angiography were detected. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, rehospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure and resuscitated cardiac arrest. Secondary end points were death by any cause, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and rehospitalization.RESULTSAmong 353 patients, the primary outcome occurred in 62 (17.6%) patients. At 6 months, cumulative event-free survival was 97%, at 1 year 96%, at 5 years 89% and at 10 years 80%. Cumulative risk of the primary composite outcome at 5 years was 11%, 18% in the conservative arm of ISCHEMIA and 16% in the revascularization arm of ISCHEMIA (P &lt; 0.001). Risk of myocardial infarction at 5 years was 7% in surgical patients and 12% and 10% in the conservative and invasive arms of the trial, respectively (P &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSIONSLong-term results in surgical patients treated for chronic coronary syndromes showed that ISCHEMIA trial findings are not transferable in a ‘real-world’ scenario and have not changed previous medical practice. A patient-tailored approach, especially with diabetes and reduced left ventricle function, offers the best results in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Vasorelaxing properties of the perivascular tissue of the human radial artery
Authors: Kociszewska Karolina , Deja Marek Andrzej , Malinowski Marcin , Kowalówka Adam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding the human internal thoracic artery exhibits anticontractile and vasorelaxing properties associated with the adipocyte-derived relaxing factor (ADRF). The goal of our study was to assess if perivascular tissue of the human radial artery (RA) also exhibits such anticontractile/vasorelaxant properties. It could be especially relevant in preventing RA spasms.

METHODS
The study was performed on isolated segments of human pedicled RA. Its skeletonized fragments were suspended on stainless steel wire hooks and gradually contracted with serotonin to establish the concentration–effect relationship in the presence/absence of PVAT. Skeletonized arterial segments were precontracted with a single dose of 10−6 M serotonin (EC80). The 5-ml PVAT aliquots (from PVAT incubated in Krebs–Henseleit solution) were transferred to the RA tissue bath resulting in its relaxation. Subsequently, we investigated if ADRF is dependent on endothelial vasorelaxants (nitric oxide and prostacyclin). We attempted to find the potassium channel responsible for mediating the activity of ADRF using different potassium channel blockers.

RESULTS
RA without PVAT contracted more strongly in response to serotonin compared to RA with PVAT [Emax: 108.3 (20.2) vs 76.1 (13.5) mN]. The PVAT aliquot relaxed precontracted RA rings at 43% (2.4%) [72.2 (15.6) to 41.0 (5.6) mN]. ADRF is independent of endothelial vasorelaxants; hence, the addition of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine and indomethacin did not change the vasorelaxant response. Neither of the potassium channel blockers participated in the activity of ADRF.

CONCLUSIONS
PVAT of human RA exhibits anticontractile/vasorelaxant properties that are inherently associated with ADRF secretion. We confirmed the endothelial-independent mechanism of the activity of ADRF. However, we failed to find the potassium channel responsible for the action of ADRF.
Credential Inflation and Decredentialization: Re-examining the Mechanism of the Devaluation of Degrees
Authors: Araki Satoshi , Kariya Takehiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSociologists have long used credential inflation theory to explain the devaluation of tertiary education degrees as the consequence of the excessive supply of educated personnel. However, the literature has inadequately examined two fundamental conditions: the combination of degrees/skills that individuals possess and the level of degrees. In this article, cross-country multilevel regressions reveal lower-level degrees (i.e. short-cycle tertiary) are devalued due to the larger extent of lower-level tertiary expansion in a society, regardless of degree holders’ skills level. This is consistent with the concept of credential inflation. In contrast, alongside the proliferation of higher-level tertiary education (i.e. bachelor and above), individuals with such degrees are penalized only when they lack high skills. Put differently, higher-level degree holders retain their rewards despite their diminishing scarcity as long as they possess high skills. Meanwhile, high skills unaccompanied by tertiary degrees lose their premium merely in connection with lower-level tertiary expansion. These results suggest credentialism is intensified and credential inflation operates in societies where the extent of lower-level tertiary expansion is relatively large, whereas ‘decredentialization’ emerges along with the larger extent of higher-level tertiary expansion in a way that devalues credentials as such whilst relatively enhancing the role of skills in reward allocation.
Plesiomonas shigelloides, an Atypical Enterobacterales with aVibrio-Related Secondary Chromosome
Authors: Adam Yazid , Brezellec Pierre , Espinosa Elena , Besombes Amelie , Naquin Delphine , Paly Evelyne , Possoz Christophe , van Dijk Erwin , Barre Francois-Xavier , Ferat Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAbout 10% of bacteria have a multichromosome genome with a primary replicon of bacterial origin, called the chromosome, and other replicons of plasmid origin, the chromids. Studies on multichromosome bacteria revealed potential points of coordination between the replication/segregation of chromids and the progression of the cell cycle. For example, replication of the chromid of Vibrionales (called Chr2) is initiated upon duplication of a sequence carried by the primary chromosome (called Chr1), in such a way that replication of both replicons is completed synchronously. Also, Chr2 uses the Chr1 as a scaffold for its partition in the daughter cells. How many of the features detected so far are required for the proper integration of a secondary chromosome in the cell cycle? How many more features remain to be discovered? We hypothesized that critical features for the integration of the replication/segregation of a given chromid within the cell cycle program would be conserved independently of the species in which the chromid has settled. Hence, we searched for a chromid related to that found in Vibrionales outside of this order. We identified one in Plesiomonas shigelloides, an aquatic and pathogenic enterobacterium that diverged early within the clade of Enterobacterales. Our results suggest that the chromids present in P. shigelloides and Vibrionales derive from a common ancestor. We initiated in silico genomic and proteomic comparative analyses of P. shigelloides, Vibrionales, and Enterobacterales that enabled us to establish a list of features likely involved in the maintenance of the chromid within the host cell cycle.
Demographic and Health Characteristics of Older Latino Birth Cohorts in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: García Catherine , Garcia Marc A , Ailshire Jennifer A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Latinos are the fastest aging racial/ethnic minority group in the United States. One limitation to understanding the diverse experiences of older Latinos is the lack of nationally representative data necessary to examine factors contributing to changes in population-level health over time. This is needed to provide a more comprehensive picture of the demographic characteristics that influence the health and well-being of older Latinos.

Methods
We utilized the steady-state design of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) from 1992 to 2016 to examine the demographic and health characteristics of five entry birth cohorts of older Latinos aged 51–56 years (n = 2,882). Adjusted Wald tests were used to assess statistically significant differences in demographic and health characteristics across the HRS birth cohorts.

Results
Cross-cohort comparisons of demographic and health characteristics of older Latinos indicate significant change over time, with later-born HRS birth cohorts less likely to identify as Mexican-origin, more likely to identify as a racial “other,” and more likely to be foreign-born. In addition, we find that later-born cohorts are more educated and exhibit a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

Discussion
Increasing growth and diversity among the older U.S. Latino population make it imperative that researchers document changes in the demographic composition and health characteristics of this population as it will have implications for researchers, policymakers, health care professionals, and others seeking to anticipate the needs of this rapidly aging population.
Biases in estimating b-values from small earthquake catalogues: how high are high b-values?
Authors: Geffers G-M , Main I G , Naylor M 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARY
The Gutenberg–Richter (GR) b-value describes the relative proportion of small to large earthquakes in a scale-free population and is a critical parameter for probabilistic estimation of seismic hazard. At low magnitudes, the scale-free behaviour breaks down below the magnitude of completeness mc due to censoring of the data, when the instrumentation used to construct the catalogue is incapable of completely recording all earthquakes in the study region above the background noise. At high magnitudes, it must also break down because natural tectonic and volcanic processes are incapable of an infinite release of energy. This breakdown at large magnitudes is commonly modelled as an exponential roll-off to either the incremental or cumulative GR distribution. This introduces an extra parameter and hence requires relatively more data to justify the additional model complexity. For tectonic seismicity, the estimated b-value is commonly close to unity. In contrast, studies of volcanic and induced seismicity often report significantly higher estimates of the b-value, albeit using relatively small data sets—both in sample size and dynamic (magnitude) range for data above mc. Here, using synthetic data, we show that when we have low dynamic range, it is statistically challenging to test whether the sample is representative of the scale-free GR behaviour or whether it is controlled primarily by the finite size roll-off. We then explore the potential biases that arise when the data quality does not allow this distinction to be made and what the implications are for interpreting studies that have high estimated b-values. We find that systematically higher b-values than those used to generate the synthetic data are regularly obtained when assuming the wrong model and when having a too high mc, resulting in too small catalogues. This is important because it changes our understanding of the accuracy of elevated or variable b-values in catalogues of different dynamic ranges, and quantifies the likely bias in the inferred b-value compared to the underlying true distribution and its associated uncertainty. Finally, we recommend steps to minimize this bias.
Effects of COVID-19 on child health services utilization and delivery in rural Mozambique: a qualitative study
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , Ahun Marilyn N , Velthausz Daan , Donco Rotafina , Karuskina-Drivdale Svetlana , Pinto Judite , Yousafzai Aisha K , Jeong Joshua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the COVID-19 pandemic-related disruptions in health services and the resilience of the health system response in rural low-resource settings. We conducted a phenomenological qualitative study (October–November 2020) to understand COVID-19-related influences on the utilization and delivery of child health services in Monapo district, rural Mozambique. We interviewed 36 caregivers with children &lt;2.5 years, 21 health providers and 4 district health services staff using in-person in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using inductive thematic content analysis. Our findings showed that caregivers, providers and district health services staff unanimously reported a decrease in child consultations at the start of the pandemic. Administrative data from health facilities confirmed persisting declines in monthly consultations. Respondents explained reductions due to miscommunication about health facility operations, fear of COVID-19, reduced consultation schedules and reduced household incomes. Providers reported several challenges in delivering services including lack of caregiver compliance with risk mitigation measures, caregivers’ fear of risk mitigation measures, perceived lack of caregiver knowledge about COVID-19 and lack of supplies and protective equipment. All respondents described how COVID-19 had increased food insecurity and food prices and reduced incomes and livelihoods. These negative economic consequences were perceived as the main reason for reported increases in cases of child malnutrition. Despite reductions, child health service utilization and delivery have largely continued throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating an adaptive and resilient primary health system response in Monapo district. Our findings highlighted the persistent difficulties providers and caregivers face adhering to COVID-19 prevention and risk mitigation measures. A coordinated multi-sectoral response is needed to address the persistent negative economic impacts of the pandemic for young children and their families in rural areas.
SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine INO-4800 Induces Durable Immune Responses Capable of Being Boosted in a Phase 1 Open-Label Trial
Authors: Kraynyak Kimberly A , Blackwood Elliott , Agnes Joseph , Tebas Pablo , Giffear Mary , Amante Dinah , Reuschel Emma L , Purwar Mansi , Christensen-Quick Aaron , Liu Neiman , Andrade Viviane M , Diehl Malissa C , Wani Snehal , Lupicka Martyna , Sylvester Albert , Morrow Matthew P , Pezzoli Patrick , McMullan Trevor , Kulkarni Abhijeet J , Zaidi Faraz I , Frase Drew , Liaw Kevin , Smith Trevor R F , Ramos Stephanie J , Ervin John , Adams Mark , Lee Jessica , Dallas Michael , Shah Brown Ami , Shea Jacqueline E , Kim J Joseph , Weiner David B , Broderick Kate E , Humeau Laurent M , Boyer Jean D , Mammen Mammen P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Additional severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines that are safe and effective as primary vaccines and boosters remain urgently needed to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We describe safety and durability of immune responses following 2 primary doses and a homologous booster dose of an investigational DNA vaccine (INO-4800) targeting full-length spike antigen.

Methods
Three dosage strengths of INO-4800 (0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 2.0 mg) were evaluated in 120 age-stratified healthy adults. Intradermal injection of INO-4800 followed by electroporation at 0 and 4 weeks preceded an optional booster 6–10.5 months after the second dose.

Results
INO-4800 appeared well tolerated with no treatment-related serious adverse events. Most adverse events were mild and did not increase in frequency with age and subsequent dosing. A durable antibody response was observed 6 months following the second dose; a homologous booster dose significantly increased immune responses. Cytokine-producing T cells and activated CD8+ T cells with lytic potential were significantly increased in the 2.0-mg dose group.

Conclusions
INO-4800 was well tolerated in a 2-dose primary series and homologous booster in all adults, including elderly participants. These results support further development of INO-4800 for use as primary vaccine and booster.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04336410.
Paintings of Music
Authors: Liu Michelle 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Paintings of music are a significant presence in modern art. They are cross-modal representations, aimed at representing music, say, musical works or forms, using colors, lines, and shapes in the visual modality. This article aims to provide a conceptual framework for understanding paintings of music. Using examples from modern art, the article addresses the question of what a painting of music is. Implications for the aesthetic appreciation of paintings of music are also drawn.
Are infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life at increased risk of recurrent use? An explorative data-linkage study
Authors: Thaulow Christian Magnus , Harthug Stig , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Eriksen Beate Horsberg , Wathne Jannicke Slettli , Berild Dag , Blix Hege Salvesen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether infants exposed to antimicrobials in hospital during the first 3 months of life had an increased risk of ambulatory antimicrobial use during the following year compared with infants not exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life.

Methods
Norwegian cohort study of infants less than 3 months consisting of one group exposed to antimicrobials recruited during hospitalization and one group not exposed to antimicrobials. Ten unexposed infants were matched with one exposed infant according to county of residence, birth year and month, and sex. The Norwegian Prescription Database was applied to register antimicrobial use from the month after discharge and 1 year onward. We defined comorbidity based on antimicrobials prescribed as reimbursable prescriptions due to underlying diseases.

Results
Of 95 infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life, 23% had recurrent use compared with 14% use in 950 unexposed infants [relative risk (RR) = 1.7 (95% CI = 1.1–2.5) and comorbidity-adjusted RR = 1.4 (95% CI = 0.9–2.2)]. The recurrence use rate in exposed term infants (≥37 weeks, n = 70) was 27% compared with 12% in their unexposed matches [RR 2.3 = (95% CI = 1.4–3.7) and comorbidity-adjusted RR = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2–3.2). Of 25 exposed preterm infants, 3 (12%) had recurrent use. The total antimicrobial prescription rate was 674/1000 in the exposed group and 244/1000 in the unexposed group [incidence rate ratio = 2.8 (95% CI = 1.6–4.9)].

Conclusions
Infants exposed to antimicrobials during the first 3 months of life had an increased risk of recurrent use during the following year. This increased risk also appeared in term infants without infection-related comorbidity.
Genetic Origins of the TwoCanis lupus familiaris(Dog) Freight Dog Populations
Authors: Ali Muhammad Basil , Dreger Dayna L , Buckley Reuben M , Mansoor Shahid , Khan Qaiser M , Ostrander Elaine A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite periodic drops in popularity, Arctic sled dogs continue to play a vital role in northern societies, providing both freight transit and recreational race activities. In this study, we selected the Mackenzie River Husky, a freight dog of complex history, and the Chinook, an American Kennel Club recognized freight dog breed whose heritage reportedly overlaps that of the MKRH, for detailed population analysis. We tested each to determine their component breeds and used admixture analysis to ascertain their population structure. We utilized haplotype analysis to identify genomic regions shared between each population and their founding breeds. Our data show that the Alaskan Malamutes and modern Greenland sled dog contributed to both populations, but there are also unexpected contributions from the German Shepherd dog and Collie. We used haplotype analysis to identify genomic regions nearing fixation in population type and identify provocative genes in each region. Finally, in response to recent reports regarding the importance of dietary lipid genes in Arctic dogs, we analyzed 8 such genes in a targeted analysis observing signatures of selection in both populations at the MLXIPL gene loci. These data highlight the genetic routes that breeds of similar function have taken toward their occupation as successful sled dogs.
Facilitating #dialogue or #buildingsupport?
Authors: Banks Isabella 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This systematic study of the International Criminal Court (ICC)’s stakeholder communication on Twitter brings attention to the largely unexamined phenomenon of the ICC’s active presence on social media. It answers the following research question: ‘To what extent has the ICC used Twitter to facilitate dialogue and exchange with its stakeholders as opposed to one-way information provision?’ Literary research and the descriptive analysis of 1,712 tweets and retweets published by @IntlCrimCourt between November 2017 and June 2019 reveal that the ICC primarily used Twitter to provide information and build support among its most powerful stakeholders. Notwithstanding its stated commitment to two-way stakeholder communication, the ICC made little to no effort to solicit feedback or generate dialogue on Twitter. These findings reveal the opportunities and limitations of Twitter as a mechanism to communicate with stakeholders and highlight the difficult position the ICC finds itself in as an international judicial institution dependent on state support.