bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objects, affects, aesthetics: New materialisms and religious studies
Authors: Mosurinjohn Sharday Catherine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article provides a picture for religious studies scholars of the overlaps and differences between three recent theories of material religion which concern human perception, perceptible things, and the sometimes imperceptible forces that configure humans and things. The theories of note are: affect studies (an approach to the visceral forces that drive relations between beings); object‐oriented ontology (a contentious movement in speculative realist philosophy); and everyday aesthetics (a subfield of philosophical aesthetics i.e. equally fragmented but less fractious). Although they all share interest in the interplay of material and experience, affect studies, everyday aesthetics, and object‐oriented inquiry overlap with each other in ways that are rarely, if ever, explicitly addressed. For this reason, scholars of lived, embodied, and material religion should know about them, how they differ, and when to use one or the other. In religious studies, I suggest we should think of them as three methodological responses to a desire the field has to think about material religion. Importantly, they are not three equal choices. I argue that everyday aesthetics is not only the most interesting but the most useful option, and I illustrate its potential uses.
Why Are There Two Versions of Meno’s Paradox?
Authors: Shepardson Douglas A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to answer why there are two different versions of Meno’s Paradox. I argue that the dilemma contained in Socrates’ version is a pre‐existing puzzle, familiar to both Meno and Socrates before their discussion. The two versions of the paradox are thus different because Meno’s version is a mistaken attempt to remember the puzzle contained in Socrates’ version. Although Meno’s version is a mistaken attempt to state Socrates’ version, it is a philosophically richer puzzle that makes three interesting points about inquiry and recognition. After arguing that Socrates’ version is unsound and that Meno’s version is an attempt to recollect or remember Socrates’ version, I analyze Meno’s version in detail. In closing, I consider the relationship between the notion of recognition, which figures prominently in Meno’s version, and the theory of recollection, suggesting that the latter may have arisen as an attempt to explain the origin of moral intuitions.
Better than ‘normal’: Describing the distribution of and outliers in RBC usage
Authors: Murphy Colin , Silva de Leonardi Noah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground/Case StudiesOptimizing a hospital blood inventory requires understanding the distribution of blood usage at the institution. Standard methods for describing red blood cell (RBC) usage like mean and standard deviation assume a normal distribution. Other distributions may fit the distribution of daily RBC usage better and provide more accurate insights into blood usage and in6ventory management.Study Design/MethodsRBC usage data from 2014 through 2020 were queried from the laboratory information system. Theoretical distributions were fit against this empirical distribution of daily RBC usage. Goodness‐of‐fit was assessed visually using Pearson/Cullen and Frey plots as well as quantitatively using Kolomogorov‐Smirnov (K‐S) distance and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).Results/Findings241,957 units of RBCs were transfused over 2557 days in the study period. The log‐normal and gamma distributions had superior K‐S distances and AICs for daily RBC usage. The top percentile of days for RBC usage was significantly more likely to have at least one ultramassively transfused patient (p < .001, Fisher's Exact Test).ConclusionsThe log‐normal and gamma distributions better describe the right‐skewed and entirely positive empirical distribution of daily RBC usage as compared to the normal distribution. This should broadly inform inventory management efforts and future descriptions of RBC usage at the institutional level.
A Fast Screening and Recombinant Method Based on Short-Time Pulse Discharge and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Decommissioned Power Batteries
Authors: Fan Luo , Haihong Huang , Haixin Wang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of low screening efficiency, high energy consumption and low grouping rate of decommissioned power batteries at this stage, a fast screening and recombinant method based on short-time pulse discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for decommissioned power batteries is proposed. More than 200 decommissioned lithium iron phosphate power batteries of the same type and different batches were tested and analyzed by short-time pulse discharge and EIS. Then, the obtained pulse voltage difference, DC internal resistance, EIS curve shape characteristics and EIS equivalent circuit model parameters are used as screening indexes, and a mathematical model is established to realize the rapid and effective sorting and reorganization of decommissioned power batteries. The experimental results show that this method has low energy consumption, the average test time of single cell is less than 20 min, and the consistency index is good after grouping, so it has great practical value in engineering.
Impact of Long-Haul Travel to International Competition on Sleep and Recovery in Elite Male and Female Soccer Athletes
Authors: Biggins Michelle , Purtill Helen , Fowler Peter , O’Sullivan Kieran , Cahalan Roisin 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the impact of eastward travel across 7 time zones on sleep, jet lag, and recovery in elite soccer athletes. Methods: Twenty-one male and 20 female athletes (21.5 [1.7] y) traveled from Ireland to Taiwan to represent their national team at the World University Games 2017. Daily monitoring via actigraphy and subjective sleep and well-being measures were obtained for 1 week in Ireland (baseline), and for the duration of an international soccer tournament (days 1–5 [precompetition] and days 6–18 [competition]). Results: Sleep duration (P = .028) and time in bed (P = .006) were significantly lower at precompetition compared with baseline. Sleep quality (P < .001) was significantly decreased in precompetition compared with baseline and competition. Subjective jet lag symptoms continued for up to 13 days posttravel. Athletes reported significantly greater fatigue during precompetition compared with competition (P = .005); however, there were no significant differences for recovery (P = .35) and readiness to train (P = .35). Sleep hygiene changed significantly during precompetition and competition compared with baseline in relation to reduced electronic device use (P = .005) and reduced caffeine intake (P < .001). Females reported significantly greater presleep tension–anxiety compared with males at all timepoints (P = .02). Conclusion: Long-haul eastward travel across 7 time zones has a significant impact on sleep duration and quality, likely related to changes in sleep patterns and jet lag. Athletes report changes in sleep hygiene posttravel; however, sleep remained negatively impacted for up to 5 days. Despite significant sleep disturbance and jet lag symptoms, young healthy athletes appear to recover well from long-haul travel; however, it is unknown if this interferes with training and competition performance.
Rifting of the Indian passive continental margin: Insights from the Langjiexue basalts in the central Tethyan Himalaya, southern Tibet
Authors: Wang Chao , Ding Lin , Cai Fulong , Zhang Liyun , Li Zhenyu , Yue Yahui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Triassic tectonic setting of the Tethyan Himalaya in southern Tibet remains controversial and is key to revealing the mechanism of Neo-Tethys Ocean opening and the breakup history of Gondwana. This paper reports 227–225 Ma mafic volcanic rocks interbedded within the Tethyan Himalaya sequence in southern Tibet, which were formed in a typical passive continental margin setting. The basalts are tholeiitic with high TiO2 (3.20–3.38 wt%) and moderate MgO (4.05–5.40 wt%) contents and exhibit enrichment in light rare earth elements and weak negative Nb, Ta, Eu, and Ti anomalies. These geochemical compositions, combined with uniform whole-rock εNd(t) (+1.50 to +2.70) values, indicate that the magmas were derived by low-degree melting of a deep-seated garnet source that was heterogeneously modified by an oceanic island basalt-type of component. Given the other geological evidence, we propose that the magmatic evolution of the Tethyan Himalaya during the late Paleozoic–Mesozoic was generally a lithospheric thinning process, that is, it evolved from a fully developed continental rift system during the Late Permian to wane during the Triassic. This interpretation further supports the hypothesis that the Neo-Tethys Ocean opened in a passive pattern and that the breakup of Gondwana in the late Paleozoic was initiated by lithospheric thinning. Therefore, the subsequent magmatism was related to the passive upwelling of normal asthenospheric materials.
Impact of virtual care on health-related quality of life in children with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rajan Raeesha , Kshatriya Maya , Banfield Laura , Athale Uma , Thabane Lehana , Samaan M Constantine 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder in children, and the prevalence of paediatric type 1 and type 2 diabetes continue to rise globally. Diabetes clinical care programs pivoted to virtual care with the COVID-19 pandemic-driven social distancing measures. Yet, the impact of virtual care on health-related quality of life in children living with diabetes remains unclear. This protocol reports on the methods that will be implemented to conduct a systematic review to assess the health-related quality of life and metabolic health impacts of virtual diabetes care.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, Embase, EMCare, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and the grey literature for eligible studies. We will screen title, abstract, and full-text papers for potential inclusion and assess the risk of bias and the overall confidence in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A meta-analysis will be conducted if two studies report similar populations, study designs, methods, and outcomes.This systematic review will summarise the health-related quality of life outcomes for virtual diabetes care delivery models.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this systematic review protocol as it does not include patient data. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021235646.
Variation in appropriate diabetes care and treatment targets in urban and rural areas in England: an observational study of the ‘rule of halves’
Authors: Mason Thomas , Whittaker William , Dumville Jo C , Bower Peter 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo estimate the ‘rule of halves’ for diabetes care for urban and rural areas in England using several data sources covering the period 2015–2017; and to examine the extent to which any differences in urban and rural settings are explained by population characteristics and the workforce supply of primary care providers (general practices).DesignA retrospective observational study.SettingPopulations resident in predominantly urban and rural areas in England (2015–2017).ParticipantsN=33 336 respondents to the UK Household Longitudinal Survey in urban and rural settings in England; N=4913 general practices in England reporting to the National Diabetes Audit and providing workforce data to NHS Digital.OutcomesDiabetes prevalence; administrative records of diagnoses of diabetes; provision of (all eight) recommended diabetes care processes; diabetes treatment targets.ResultsDiabetes prevalence was higher in urban areas in England (7.80% (95% CI 7.30% to 8.31%)) relative to rural areas (7.24% (95% CI 6.32% to 8.16%)). For practices in urban areas, relatively fewer cases of diabetes were recorded in administrative medical records (69.55% vs 71.86%), and a smaller percentage of those registered received the appropriate care (45.85% vs 49.32%). Among estimated prevalent cases of diabetes, urban areas have a 24.84% achieving these targets compared with 25.16% in rural areas. However, adjusted analyses showed that the performance of practices in urban areas in providing appropriate care quality was not significantly different from practices in rural areas.ConclusionsThe ‘rule of halves’ is not an accurate description of the actual pattern across the diabetes care pathway in England. More than half of the estimated urban and rural diabetes population are registered with clinical practices and have access to treatment. However, less than half of those registered for treatment have achieved treatment targets. Appropriate care quality was associated with a greater proportion of patients with diabetes achieving treatment targets.
The Childhood Cancer Diagnosis (CCD) Study: a UK observational study to describe referral pathways and quantify diagnostic intervals in children and young people with cancer
Authors: Shanmugavadivel Dhurgshaarna , Liu Jo-Fen , Ball-Gamble Ashley , Polanco Angela , Vedhara Kavita , Walker David , Ojha Shalini 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChildhood cancer is diagnosed in 400 000 children and young people (CYP) aged 0–19 years worldwide annually. In the UK, a child’s cumulative cancer risk increases from 1 in 4690 from birth to aged 1, to 1 in 470 by age 15. Once diagnosed, access to treatments offers survival to adulthood for over 80%. Tumour diagnoses are at a later stage and mortality is higher when compared with those in other parts of Europe. This means higher risk, more intensive therapies for a cure. Some CYPs are known to experience delays to diagnosis which may further contribute to poor outcomes. This study aims to understand the current pathway of childhood cancer referrals and diagnosis and quantify diagnostic intervals in the UK.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective multicentre observational study including all tertiary childhood cancer treatment centres in the UK. CYP (0–18 years) with a new diagnosis of cancer over the study period will be invited to participate. Data will be collected at initial diagnosis and 5 years after diagnosis. Data will include demographic details, clinical symptoms, tumour location, stage and clinical risk group. In addition, key diagnostic dates and referral routes will be collected to calculate the diagnostic intervals. At 5 years’ follow-up, data will be collected on refractory disease, relapse and 1-year and 5-year survival. Population characteristics will be presented with descriptive analyses with further analyses stratified by age, geographical region and cancer type. Associations between diagnostic intervals/delay and risk factors will be explored using multiple regression and logistic regression.EthicsThe study has favourable opinion from the York and Humber, Leeds West REC (19/YH/0416).DisseminationResults will be presented at academic conferences, published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through public messaging in collaboration with our charity partners through a national awareness campaign (ChildCancerSmart).Study registrationresearchregistry.com (researchregistry5313).
Assessment of emergency physicians’ performance in identifying shockable rhythm in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational simulation study
Authors: Derkenne Clément , Jost Daniel , Roquet Florian , Corpet Pascal , Frattini Benoit , Kedzierewicz Romain , Bellec Guillaume , Rajon Benjamin , Fernandez Marianne , Loeb Thomas , Pierantoni Emmanuel , Lamblin Antoine , Prunet Bertrand 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundEmergency physicians can use a manual or an automated defibrillator to provide defibrillation of patients who had out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Performance of emergency physicians in identifying shockable rhythm with a manual defibrillator has been poorly explored whereas that of automated defibrillators is well known (sensitivity 0.91–1.00, specificity 0.96–0.99). We conducted this study to estimate the sensitivity/specificity and speed of shock/no-shock decision-making by prehospital emergency physicians for shockable or non-shockable rhythm, and their preference for manual versus automated defibrillation.MethodsWe developed a web application that simulates a manual defibrillator (https://simul-shock.firebaseapp.com/). In 2019, all (262) emergency physicians of six French emergency medical services were invited to participate in a study in which 60 ECG rhythms from real OHCA recordings were successively presented to the physicians for determination of whether they would or would not administer a shock. Time to decision was recorded. Answers were compared with a gold standard (concordant answers of three experts). We report sensitivity for shockable rhythms (decision to shock) and specificity for non-shockable rhythms (decision not to shock). Physicians were also asked whether they preferred manual or automated defibrillation.ResultsAmong 215 respondents, we were able to analyse results for 190 physicians. 57% of emergency physicians preferred manual defibrillation. Median (IQR) sensitivity for a shock delivery for shockable rhythm was 0.91 (0.81–1.00); median specificity for no-shock delivery for non-shockable rhythms was 0.91 (0.80–0.96). More precisely, sensitivities for shock delivery for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and coarse ventricular fibrillation (VF) were both 1.0 (1.0–1.0); sensitivity for fine VF was 0.6 (0.2–1). Specificity for not shocking a pulseless electrical activity (PEA) was 0.83 (0.72–0.86), and for asystole, specificity was 0.93 (0.86–1). Median speed of decision-making (in seconds) were: VT 2.0 (1.6–2.7), coarse VF 2.1 (1.7–2.9), asystole 2.4 (1.8–3.5), PEA 2.8 (2.0–4.2) and fine VF 2.8 (2.1–4.3).ConclusionsGlobal sensitivity and specificity were comparable with published automated external defibrillator studies. Shockable rhythms with the best clinical prognoses (VT and coarse VF) were very rapidly recognised with very good sensitivity. The decision-making for fine VF or asystole and PEA was less accurate.
Reconsidering holographic dark energy in Brans–Dicke theory
Authors: Pinki  , Kumar Pankaj , Beesham Aroonkumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we reconsider the concept of holographic dark energy in the framework of Brans–Dicke theory in the formalism of the flat Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker metric. Firstly, we demonstrate how the assumption $$\phi \propto a^n$$

ϕ
∝

a
n

, where $$\phi $$
ϕ
and a stand for the Brans–Dicke scalar field and scale factor, respectively, naturally leads to a constant deceleration parameter, irrespective of the energy content of the universe. Secondly, we consider interacting holographic dark energy with Hubble horizon as IR cut-off, and find the value of the Hubble parameter and corresponding value of the scale factor. Further, we find the value of the Brans–Dicke scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
for the obtained value of the Hubble parameter and holographic dark energy. We obtain the corresponding value of the deceleration parameter and show that it can explain the phase transition of the universe. Moreover, statefinder diagnostics has been applied to compare the model with existing models. On the other hand, we consider the viscous behavior of holographic dark energy and show that the viscous holographic dark energy can play the role of interacting holographic dark energy as it is able to explain the phase transition of the universe. Further, we find the value of the Brans–Dicke scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
for this viscous holographic dark energy. In this model also, we apply the statefinder diagnostic.
Arterial Stiffness and Long-Term Risk of Health Outcomes: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Vasan Ramachandran S. , Pan Stephanie , Xanthakis Vanessa , Beiser Alexa , Larson Martin G. , Seshadri Sudha , Mitchell Gary F. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Arterial stiffness increases with age and is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes on short-term follow-up (typically <10 years). Data regarding associations of arterial stiffness with health outcomes on longer-term follow-up are lacking.

Methods:
We evaluated 7283 Framingham Study participants (mean age 50 years, 53% women) who underwent assessment of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (a marker of arterial stiffness) via applanation tonometry at one or more routine examinations. We used time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression models to relate carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity to the incidence of health outcomes (updating carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and all covariates at serial examinations).

Results:

On long-term follow-up (median 15 years; minimum-maximum, 0–20), participants developed cardiometabolic disease (hypertension [1255 events]; diabetes [381 events]), chronic kidney disease (529 events), dementia (235 events), cardiovascular disease (684 events) and its components (coronary heart disease [314 events], heart failure [191 events], transient ischemic attacks or stroke [250 events]), and death (1086 events). In multivariable-adjusted models, each SD increment in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with increased risk of hypertension (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.21–1.44]), diabetes (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.11–1.58]), chronic kidney disease (1.19 [95% CI, 1.05–1.34]), dementia (HR 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06–1.53]), cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.06–1.36]) and its components (coronary heart disease, HR 1.37 [95% CI, 1.13–1.65]; transient ischemic attack/stroke, HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.00–1.53]), and death (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.17–1.43]). The association with heart failure was borderline nonsignificant (HR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.98–1.51],
P
=0.08).

Conclusions:
Our prospective observations of a large community-based sample establish the long-term prognostic importance of arterial stiffness for multiple health outcomes.
Midfrontal Theta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Facilitates Motor Coordination in Dyadic Human–Avatar Interactions
Authors: Boukarras Sarah , Özkan Duru Gun , Era Vanessa , Moreau Quentin , Tieri Gaetano , Candidi Matteo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Synchronous interpersonal motor interactions require moment-to-moment prediction and proactive monitoring of the partner's actions. Neurophysiologically, this is highlighted by an enhancement of midfrontal theta (4–7 Hz) oscillations. In this study, we explored the causal role of midfrontal theta for interpersonal motor interactions using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). We implemented a realistic human–avatar interaction task in immersive virtual reality where participants controlled a virtual arm and hand to press a button synchronously with a virtual partner. Participants completed the task while receiving EEG-informed theta (Experiment 1) or beta (control frequency, Experiment 2) tACS over the frontal midline, as well as sham stimulation as a control. Results showed that midfrontal theta tACS significantly improved behavioral performance (i.e., reduced interpersonal asynchrony) and participants' motor strategies (i.e., increased movement times and reduced RTs), whereas beta tACS had no effect on these measures. These results suggest that theta tACS over frontal areas facilitates action monitoring and motor abilities supporting interpersonal interactions.