bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precarity and preparedness during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: A qualitative service evaluation of maternity healthcare professionals
Authors: De Backer Kaat , Brown Jeremy M. , Easter Abigail , Khazaezadeh Nina , Rajasingam Daghni , Sandall Jane , Magee Laura A. , Silverio Sergio A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has devastated populations, posing unprecedented challenges for healthcare services, staff and service‐users. In the UK, rapid reconfiguration of maternity healthcare service provision changed the landscape of antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care. This study aimed to explore the experiences of maternity services staff who provided maternity care during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic to inform future improvements in care.Material and methodsA qualitative interview service evaluation was undertaken at a single maternity service in an NHS Trust, South London. Respondents (n = 29) were recruited using a critical case purposeful sample of maternity services staff. Interviews were conducted using video‐conferencing software, and were transcribed and analyzed using Grounded Theory Analysis appropriate for cross‐disciplinary health research. The focus of analysis was on staff experiences of delivering maternity services and care during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.ResultsA theory of “Precarity and Preparedness” was developed, comprising three main emergent themes: “Endemic precarity: A health system under pressure”; “A top‐down approach to managing the health system shock”; and “From un(der)‐prepared to future flourishing”.ConclusionsMaternity services in the UK were under significant strain and were inherently precarious. This was exacerbated by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, which saw further disruption to service provision, fragmentation of care and pre‐existing staff shortages. Positive changes are required to improve staff retention and team cohesion, and ensure patient‐centered care remains at the heart of maternity care.
The impact of climate change on mortality in the United States: Benefits and costs of adaptation
Authors: Deschenes Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews and extends the recent empirical literature on the impact of climate change on mortality and adaptation in the United States. The analysis produces several new facts. First, the reductions in the impact of extreme heat on mortality risk previously documented up to 2004 have continued up to 2019, consistent with continued investments in health‐protecting adaptations to high temperatures. The second part of the paper examines the private and external costs of electricity generation and consumption related to high temperatures, a commonly used proxy for measuring the consumption of adaptation services. Extreme temperatures increase electricity demand in the residential sector (relative to moderate temperatures), but not in the commercial, industrial and transportation end‐use sectors. The additional electricity demand in response to high temperatures results in significant external costs due to the release of local and global pollutants caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in order to produce electricity. These external costs, documented for the first time in this paper, are one order of magnitude larger than the private cost of adaptation associated with electricity consumption.
Metformin inhibits the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing tripartite motif‐containing 37‐induced tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 ubiquitination
Authors: Zheng Ya , Zhang Haiyan , Sun Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOvarian cancer is the leading cause of death in gynecological malignancies worldwide. Our previous studies have proved that metformin inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of tripartite motif‐containing 37 (TRIM37), Ki‐67, and MMP‐9 in ovarian cancer and normal tissues. The influence of TRIM37 on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells was verified by the real‐time cellular analysis proliferation test, colony formation test, and Transwell assay. Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation were used to detect the expression of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway and the interaction between TRIM37 and tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2). Ubiquitination detection was carried out to detect the ubiquitination level of TRAF2. The present study revealed that TRIM37 expression was significantly increased in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal control tissues, and its overexpression was closely associated with proliferation and metastasis. Metformin inhibited the NF‐κB signaling pathway by downregulating TRIM37. Metformin also inhibited the ubiquitination of TRAF2 induced by TRIM37 overexpression. Metformin inhibits the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by suppressing TRIM37‐induced TRAF2 ubiquitination.
Acute iododerma presenting as cryptococcoid neutrophilic dermatosis: A clinicopathological pitfall and interesting findings gleaned from a review of the literature
Authors: Lim Joel Hua‐Liang , Lee Joyce Siong‐See 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIododerma is an uncommon dermatosis caused by excessive iodine exposure and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Because of its heterogenous clinical presentation and variable histopathological findings, which depend on the time the skin biopsy is performed, the diagnosis of iododerma is often delayed. We report a rare case of acute iododerma in a woman with end‐stage diabetic nephropathy with antecedent radioiodine contrast exposure, presenting histopathologically as cryptococcoid neutrophilic dermatosis (CND). We underscore important clinicopathological pitfalls to avoid misdiagnosis with similar overlapping entities such as Sweet syndrome, review all published cases of CND and draw novel insights into its associated entities.
Modelling the distribution of rare invertebrates by correcting class imbalance and spatial bias
Authors: Gaul Willson , Sadykova Dinara , White Hannah J. , León‐Sánchez Lupe , Caplat Paul , Emmerson Mark C. , Yearsley Jon M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimSoil arthropods are important decomposers and nutrient cyclers, but are poorly represented on national and international conservation Red Lists. Opportunistic biological records for soil invertebrates are sparse, and contain few observations of rare species but a relatively large number of non‐detection observations (a problem known as class imbalance). Robinson et al. (Diversity and Distributions, 24, 460) proposed a method for under‐sampling non‐detection data using a spatial grid to improve class balance and spatial bias in bird data. For taxa that are less intensively sampled, datasets are smaller, which poses a challenge because under‐sampling data removes information. We tested whether spatially stratified under‐sampling improved prediction performance of species distribution models for millipedes, for which large datasets are not available. We also tested whether using environmental predictor variables provided additional information beyond what is captured by spatial position for predicting species distributions.LocationIsland of Ireland.MethodsWe tested the spatially stratified under‐sampling method of Robinson et al. (Diversity and Distributions, 24, 460) by using biological records to train species distribution models of rare millipedes.ResultsUsing spatially stratified under‐sampled data improved species distribution model sensitivity (true positive rate) but decreased model specificity (true negative rate). The spatial pattern of under‐sampling affected model performance. Training data that was under‐sampled in a spatially stratified way sometimes produced worse models than did data that was under‐sampled in an unstratified way. Geographic coordinates were as good as or better than environmental variables for predicting distributions of one out of six species.Main ConclusionsSpatially stratified under‐sampling improved prediction performance of species distribution models for rare millipedes. Spatially stratified under‐sampling was most effective for rarer species, although unstratified under‐sampling was sometimes more effective. The good prediction performance of models using geographic coordinates is promising for modelling distributions of poorly studied species for which little is known about ecological or physiological determinants of occurrence.
Global prevalence of cerebral palsy: A systematic analysis
Authors: McIntyre Sarah , Goldsmith Shona , Webb Annabel , Ehlinger Virginie , Hollung Sandra Julsen , McConnell Karen , Arnaud Catherine , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Oskoui Maryam , Khandaker Gulam , Himmelmann Kate ,   the Global CP Prevalence Group*
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo determine trends and current estimates in regional and global prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA systematic analysis of data from participating CP registers/surveillance systems and population‐based prevalence studies (from birth year 1995) was performed. Quality and risk of bias were assessed for both data sources. Analyses were conducted for pre‐/perinatal, postnatal, neonatal, and overall CP. For each region, trends were statistically classified as increasing, decreasing, heterogeneous, or no change, and most recent prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Meta‐analyses were conducted to determine current birth prevalence estimates (from birth year 2010).ResultsForty‐one regions from 27 countries across five continents were represented. Pre‐/perinatal birth prevalence declined significantly across Europe and Australia (11 out of 14 regions), with no change in postneonatal CP. From the limited but increasing data available from regions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), birth prevalence for pre‐/perinatal CP was as high as 3.4 per 1000 (95% CI 3.0–3.9) live births. Following meta‐analyses, birth prevalence for pre‐/perinatal CP in regions from high‐income countries (HICs) was 1.5 per 1000 (95% CI 1.4–1.6) live births, and 1.6 per 1000 (95% CI 1.5–1.7) live births when postneonatal CP was included.InterpretationThe birth prevalence estimate of CP in HICs declined to 1.6 per 1000 live births. Data available from LMICs indicated markedly higher birth prevalence.What this paper adds• Birth prevalence of pre‐/perinatal cerebral palsy (CP) in high‐income countries (HICs) is decreasing.• Current overall CP birth prevalence for HICs is 1.6 per 1000 live births.• Trends in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) cannot currently be measured.• Current birth prevalence in LMICs is markedly higher than in HICs.• Active surveillance of CP helps to assess the impact of medical advancements and social/economic development.• Population‐based data on prevalence and trends of CP are critical to inform policy.
Unintentional intracarotid injections in the horse—15 cases (2010–2020)
Authors: González‐Medina Sonia , Nout‐Lomas Yvette S. , Landolt Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundIntracarotid injections are a well‐recognised complication of jugular injections in the horse; however, little information is available about outcome and complications.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe venipuncture techniques and short‐ and longer‐term complications related to intracarotid injections.Study designCase series.MethodsThe survey was distributed through the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) mailing list and a veterinary social media site. Data collected in the questionnaire included injection technique, drug administered, personnel performing the injection, clinical signs and short‐ and longer‐term complications.ResultsAccidental intracarotid injections were most commonly performed by veterinarians (n = 9/13). The majority of reported accidental intracarotid injections occurred during routine sedation in healthy horses (n = 8/13) and occurred when the jugular vein was accessed at the middle jugular groove (n = 6/13). Most events occurred while using longer needles (1.5 inches; n = 10/13) of 20G calibre (n = 9/13), attached to the syringe (n = 11/13) and against jugular blood flow (n = 11/13). Short‐term injuries included superficial abrasions (n = 13/13) and cardiac ailments (3/13). One of the 15 horses described in this report died. Longer‐term complications were not reported for the remaining 14 horses.Main limitationsPotential selection, recall and response bias and putative risk factors identified cannot be correlated with an increased risk of carotid injection without a control group.ConclusionAccidental intracarotid injections led to seizures but rarely resulted in death of the case. Premonitory clinical signs occurred while or soon after injection and can be used for early identification of this inadvertent injection and to establish safety measures for the horse and handlers.
Treatment of a stallion for penile deviation caused by haemorrhage into the corpus cavernosum penis
Authors: Schumacher Jim , Kelly Gerard M. A. , Cunningham Kieran J. , O'Donoghue Michael 
Published: August 2022

SummaryA 19‐year‐old Thoroughbred stallion developed severe curvature of its penis, preventing intromission, after breeding a mare. The cause of the curvature was found, during ultrasonographic examination of the penis, to be rupture of the trabeculae on the left side of the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) between the cul de sac of the external preputial cavity and the scrotum, resulting in the formation of a seroma. Aspiration of the seroma performed 13 days after injury, with the horse anaesthetised, largely resolved the deviation. A complication of treatment was excessive belling of the glans penis during erection, which may have been the result of a temporary shunt created between the CCP and the corpora spongiosum penis (CSP) by inadvertently passing the spinal needle used to aspirate the seroma through the CSP. Excessive belling resolved after 3 weeks.
The role of reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of eccrine poroma: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Di Tullio Francesca , Mandel Victor Desmond , Ignazio Stanganelli , Cinotti Elisa , Kaleci Shaniko , Ciardo Silvana , Peccerillo Francesca , Longo Caterina , Farnetani Francesca , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEccrine poroma (EP) is a rare benign adnexal tumor that may mimic benign or malignant tumors and differential diagnosis may be difficult under clinical and dermoscopic examination. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) examination may add important information to diagnosis and subsequent management of solitary lesions for which dermoscopy can be challenging. The aim of the present study was to investigate features of EP at RCM in order to detect the characteristics that might aid in the differential diagnosis of EP versus other solitary lesions (benign or malignant). Secondary objective was to correlate the resulting features with histopathological findings. This monocentric retrospective observational case–control study included all EPs registered with RCM between January 2007 and May 2018. Control cases were benign or malignant lesions similar in clinical appearance, morphology, and dermoscopic features to EPs. RCM evaluators were blinded to clinical‐dermoscopic images and to final histopathological diagnoses. Finally, RCM‐histopathological correlation was performed. A total of 11 EPs and 33 controls were included in the present study. Among RCM parameters, “cords without palisading,” “dark holes,” “prominent vascularization” and “abundant stroma” resulted positively associated with EP in univariate analysis. RCM features correspond to the histopathological diagnosis of EP in 97% of cases, as illustrated by the cluster analysis. An excellent correlation between diagnostic features of conventional histopathology and RCM was observed. RCM assists in the differential diagnosis of solitary lesions, allowing to reach a correct diagnosis of EP through the identification of its four characteristics.
Three‐dimensional mapping of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil microbial biomass and their stoichiometry at the global scale
Authors: Gao Decai , Bai Edith , Wang Siyu , Zong Shengwei , Liu Ziping , Fan Xianlei , Zhao Chunhong , Hagedorn Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil microbial biomass and microbial stoichiometric ratios are important for understanding carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we compiled data from 12245 observations of soil microbial biomass from 1626 published studies to map global patterns of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), and their stoichiometry using a random forest model. Concentrations of MBC, MBN, and MBP were most closely linked to soil organic carbon, while climatic factors were most important for stoichiometry in microbial biomass ratios. Modeled seasonal MBC concentrations peaked in summer in tundra and in boreal forests, but in autumn in subtropical and in tropical biomes. The global mean MBC/MBN, MBC/MBP, and MBN/MBP ratios were estimated to be 10, 48, and 6.7, respectively, at 0–30 cm soil depth. The highest concentrations, stocks, and microbial C/N/P ratios were found at high latitudes in tundra and boreal forests, probably due to the higher soil organic matter content, greater fungal abundance, and lower nutrient availability in colder than in warmer biomes. At 30–100 cm soil depth, concentrations of MBC, MBN, and MBP were highest in temperate forests. The MBC/MBP ratio showed greater flexibility at the global scale than did the MBC/MBN ratio, possibly reflecting physiological adaptations and microbial community shifts with latitude. The results of this study are important for understanding C, N, and P cycling at the global scale, as well as for developing soil C‐cycling models including soil microbial C, N, and P as important parameters.
The germ cell‐specific TAP‐like protein NXF‐2 forms a novel granular structure and is required for tra‐2 3′UTR‐dependent mRNA export in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Miwa Takashi , Ohtani Keigo , Inoue Kunio , Sakamoto Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTAP is a general mRNA export receptor and is highly conserved among eukaryotes. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has another TAP‐like protein, NXF‐2, but little is known about its function. In this study, we show that NXF‐2 is specifically expressed in germ cells and forms a novel granular structure that is different from that of P granules and that NXF‐2 granules are anchored to the nuclear periphery in the mitotic region of the hermaphrodite gonad. In contrast, NXF‐2 granules are released within the whole cytoplasm in the meiotic region, where the feminization gene tra‐2 starts to function. Both inhibition of XPO‐1 (an ortholog of the export receptor CRM1) and mutation of the nuclear export signal of NXF‐2 caused the release of NXF‐2 granules from the nuclear periphery, indicating that anchoring of NXF‐2 granules depends on XPO‐1 function. Moreover, inhibition of NXF‐2 resulted in a substantial nuclear accumulation of the reporter mRNA carrying the tra‐2 3′UTR. These results suggest that, together with XPO‐1, NXF‐2 exports and anchors tra‐2 mRNA to the nuclear periphery to avoid precocious translation until the germ cells reach the meiotic region, thereby contributing to the regulation of tra‐2 mRNA expression.
Carbon‐ion radiotherapy versus radiofrequency ablation as initial treatment for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fujita Naoto , Kanogawa Naoya , Makishima Hirokazu , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Maruta Susumu , Iino Yotaro , Shiko Yuki , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Koroki Keisuke , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kondo Takayuki , Nakamoto Shingo , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Wakatsuki Masaru , Itobayashi Ei , Obu Masamichi , Koma Yoshihiro , Azemoto Ryosaku , Kawasaki Yohei , Kato Jun , Tsuji Hiroshi , Kato Naoya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimCarbon‐ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT) has shown potential as a curative treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no reports have compared the effectiveness of C‐ion RT and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between C‐ion RT and RFA for patients with early‐stage HCC.MethodsMedical records of consecutive patients with HCC (single lesion ≤5 cm or two to three lesions ≤3 cm) who received either C‐ion RT or RFA as initial treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust for clinical factors between both groups.ResultsA total of 560 patients were included, among whom 69 and 491 received C‐ion RT and RFA, respectively. After PSM (C‐ion RT, 54 patients; RFA, 95 patients), both groups were well balanced. Carbon‐ion radiotherapy had significantly lower cumulative intrasubsegmental recurrence rate after PSM compared to RFA (p = 0.004) (2‐year, 12.6% vs. 31.7%; 5‐year, 15.5% vs. 49.6%, respectively). However, no significant difference in cumulative local recurrence rate, stage progression‐free survival, or overall survival (OS) was observed between both groups. In the RFA group, 6 of 491 patients (1.2%) showed grade 3 adverse events, whereas no grade 3 or higher adverse events were observed in the C‐ion RT group.ConclusionCarbon‐ion radiotherapy provided a lower cumulative intrasubsegmental recurrence rate, but a comparable cumulative local recurrence rate, stage progression‐free survival, and OS compared to RFA. Thus, C‐ion RT appears to be one of the effective treatment options for early‐stage HCC when RFA is deemed not indicated.
Perspectives on knowledge management capabilities in universities: A qualitative identification of organisational factors
Authors: Fayda‐Kinik F. Sehkar , Cetin Munevver 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrior research has had a limited approach to identifying organisational factors related to knowledge management (KM) practices of higher education institutions (HEIs), the centre for knowledge creation. This qualitative study explored such factors affecting KM capabilities from the perspectives of 30 full‐time academics in public universities, and identified the dimensions of the KM capabilities framework. Results revealed that physical conditions, budget, human and technological resource management, division of labour, workload, time management, communication, bureaucracy, structural differentiation, motivation, individualism, and organisational behaviour affect KM infrastructure capabilities; bureaucracy, KM teams, institutional platforms, organisational structure, knowledge maps, vision, individual attitudes, academic collaboration, process management, budget, decision‐making processes, sustainable academic KM, transparency, labour force, knowledge security, organisational culture, accessibility, and archiving affect KM process capabilities. These results contribute to identifying the organisational factors influencing KM that are critical to guiding practitioners and administrators of HEIs in developing more effective KM strategies and practices.