bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity burden and developmental trajectory in relation to later‐life dementia: A prospective study
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhou Yaguan , Huang Liyan , Xu Xiaolin , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study assessed the associations of multimorbidity burden and its developmental trajectory with later‐life dementia.MethodsAmong 5923 Health and Retirement Study participants, major chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung diseases, heart disease, stroke, psychological disorders, and arthritis were self‐ or proxy‐reported in 1994‐2008. Dementia diagnosis was self‐ or proxy‐reported in 2008‐2018. We used Cox regression to assess the associations of multimorbidity with incident dementia.ResultsDuring follow‐up (median = 8 years), 701 participants developed dementia. Each additional chronic condition in 2008 was related to 15% (confidence interval: 9% to 22%) higher hazard of dementia. Multimorbidity trajectories in 1994‐2008 were classified as “rapid growth”, “steady growth”, “slow growth”, and “no new condition” by the group‐based trajectory modelling methods. Compared to “no new condition”, the “rapid growth” trajectory was related to 32% (3% to 69%) higher dementia risk.ConclusionsBoth multimorbidity burden and its developmental trajectory were prospectively associated with risk of dementia.
Transpositions of the great arteries versus aortic dextropositions. A review of some embryogenetic and morphological aspects
Authors: Restivo Angelo , di Gioia Cira , Marino Bruno , Putotto Carolina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis review examines and discusses the morphology and embryology of two main groups of conotruncal cardiac malformations: (a) transposition of the great arteries (complete transposition and incomplete/partial transposition namely double outlet right ventricle), and (b) aortic dextroposition defects (tetralogy of Fallot and Eisenmenger malformation). In both groups, persistent truncus arteriosus was included because maldevelopment of the neural crest cell supply to the outflow tract, contributing to the production of the persistent truncus arteriosus, is shared by both groups of malformations. The potentially important role of the proximal conal cushions in the rotatory sequence of the conotruncus is emphasized. Most importantly, this study emphasizes the differentiation between the double‐outlet right ventricle, which is a partial or incomplete transposition of the great arteries, and the Eisenmenger malformation, which is an aortic dextroposition. Special emphasis is also given to the leftward shift of the conoventricular junction, which covers an important morphogenetic role in both aortic dextropositions and transposition defects as well as in normal development, and whose molecular genetic regulation seems to remain unclear at present. Emphasis is placed on the distinct and overlapping roles of Tbx1 and Pitx2 transcription factors in modulating the development of the cardiac outflow tract.
Dynamic inventory system with pricing adjustment for price‐comparison shoppers
Authors: Chen Wen , Katehakis Michael , Tang Qian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith numerous price‐comparison websites and applications, consumers today are frequently conducting price‐comparison shopping. As a result, retailers face an increasing challenge in predicting consumer demand and determining the optimal product price and inventory level accordingly. To address this issue, this paper proposes an inventory model with joint decisions of price and inventory to optimize the retailer's long‐run average profit under price‐comparison consumer shopping. We first formulate the demand arrival process for a retailer under price‐comparison shopping to be affected by not only its own price but also its competitors'. Based on this demand arrival process, we then formulate the retailer's long‐run average profit and derive properties of its optimal solution. Our model focuses on capturing the impact of price‐comparison consumers on a retailer's optimal price and inventory decisions. In particular, we allow competitors' prices to affect the retailer's demand via two key factors: the manufacturer's suggested price and the variability of the outside lowest price. According to our results, when the suggested price increases, the retailer should lower its price to obtain more price‐comparison customers from competitors, whereas when the variability of outside lowest price increases, the retailer should raise its price to increase per unit profit from nonprice‐comparison customers.
Methods for addressing host cell protein impurities in biopharmaceutical product development
Authors: Tuameh Abdulrahman , Harding Stephen E. , Darton Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe high demand for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics in recent years has resulted in significant efforts to improve their costly manufacturing process. The high cost of manufacturing mAbs derives mainly from the purification process, which contributes to 50%–80% of the total manufacturing cost. One of the main challenges facing industry at the purification stage is the clearance of host cell proteins (HCPs) that are produced and often co‐purified with the desired mAb product. One of the issues HCPs can cause is the degradation of the final mAb protein product. In this review, techniques are considered that can be used at different stages (upstream and downstream) of mAb manufacture to improve HCP clearance. In addition to established techniques, many new approaches for HCP removal are discussed that have the potential to replace current methods for improving HCP reduction and thereby the quality and stability of the final mAb product.
Survival outcomes of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer with hepatitis B virus infection: An analysis from an endemic tertiary center
Authors: Lai Cheng‐Lun , Lin Cheng‐Hsien , Su Yu‐Chen , Shih Yu‐Hsuan , Wang Chen‐Chi , Teng Chieh‐Lin Jerry , Chou Cheng‐Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) affects the occurrence and survival outcome of various malignant disorders. The study aimed to evaluate the survival outcome of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients with or without HBV infection.MethodsThis study included patients with HNSCC who visited Taichung Veterans General Hospital from 2007 to 2015. HBV infection was defined by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity. By propensity score matching, we compared survival outcomes, including progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), among patients with or without HBV infection.ResultsThe prevalence of HBV infection in our cohort was 12.3%. Among the 1,015 patients included in the matched analysis, a higher risk of baseline liver cirrhosis (11.3% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.001) and initial hepatic dysfunction (10.8% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.005) rates were observed than those without HBV infection at baseline. The 5‐year OS was 43.1% and 53.2% (p < 0.001) and the 5‐year PFS was 37.4% and 42.3% (p = 0.007) in patients with and without HBV infection, respectively. The incidence of subsequent hepatic dysfunction showed no difference between patients with and without HBV infection (29.6% vs. 26.8%, p = 0.439).ConclusionsPatients with HNSCC and HBV infection were younger and had a higher risk of cirrhosis compared to those without HBV infection. Moreover, HBV infection significantly influenced the OS and PFS outcomes but not subsequent hepatic dysfunction in patients with HNSCC.
Bioactive Attributes and Analysis of Electronic Nose Feature Signals of Colombian Stingless Bees Propolis
Authors: Zuluaga‐Domínguez Carlos Mario , Fuenmayor Carlos Alberto , Quicazán Marta Cecilia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe volatile and non‐volatile chemical composition and bioactivity of propolis from the species Apis mellifera has been widely studied, but there is very little knowledge regarding propolis of other bee species, which ultimately hinders their differentiation and potential use. In this work, 53 propolis samples of A. mellifera and four stingless bee species (Frieseomielitta sp., Melipona eburnea, Melipona sp., and Trigona sp.) were collected in Colombia. An electronic nose with 10 metal oxide semiconductor sensors (MOS) was used to generate a pattern of the representative volatile compounds of the samples. Ethanolic extracts were obtained to assess their antioxidant activity towards DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation, total phenolics, and color (CIELAB space). The results showed an overall similarity of the aromatic profiles between species. The antioxidant activity of Frieseomielitta sp. propolis was higher than that of A. mellifera and the other species, in correspondence with a higher phenolic content. CIELAB color parameter b* was the most differentiating variable among samples, indicating a variation of propolis colors between red and yellow. By combining the data from physico‐chemical analysis and aromatic profile, it was possible to differentiate the propolis from each bee species, with the exception of those from Melipona sp. and Trigona sp., indicating their similarity. These results have practical significance since they are a starting point to recognizing and valuing native stingless bee propolis and their bioactive potential, which, in addition to geographical differentiation and further quality parameters evaluation, will enhance their commercial exploitation.
Modeling and Control Strategies of an Intensified System (Microreactor) with Time Delay Compensation
Authors: Lee Cheong Sheng , Shukor Syamsul Rizal Abd 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA theoretical process model was developed for microreactors where the conservation of mass and energy balance is treated as plug‐flow reactor to study the control strategies and closed‐loop performance of an intensified system. The resulting second‐order plus time delay and numerator dynamic process model produced a high order of controller formulation, i.e., a proportional‐integral‐derivative‐derivative‐derivative (PID3). Lower time delay and smaller closed‐loop time constant yield a better set‐point tracking and disturbance rejection. Classical PID controllers could also be achieved by truncating the high‐order term in the higher‐order dominant system of controller formulation into the desired form whilst maintaining its stability. The simulation result reveals that the classical PID in series with second‐order filter incorporated with time delay compensation demonstrates acceptable closed‐loop performance with low IAE compare to standard direct synthesis method.
Lipase Immobilized onto Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Enantioselective Resolution of Mandelic Acid
Authors: Fan Jian-Hong , Ou Jian , Tang Kewen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn immobilized lipase with metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) was first used for the kinetic resolution of mandelic acid enantiomers by transesterification reaction using vinyl acetate as acyl donor in organic medium. Notably, the biocompatibility of the carrier and catalytic performance of lipase could be significantly improved via modification of NH2‐Ni‐MOF with polyvinylpyrrolidone. After extensively screening the enzymatic process, the optimal enantioselective resolution conditions and excellent outcomes were obtained for the enzyme‐catalyzed transesterification reaction. In addition, the recovered immobilized lipase displayed outstanding reusability after immobilization.
TEMPO‐Modified Polymethacrylates as Mediators in Electrosynthesis: Influence of the Molecular Weight on Redox Properties and Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Prudlik Adrian , Mohebbati Nayereh , Hildebrandt Laura , Heck Alina , Nuhn Lutz , Francke Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHomogeneous catalysts (“mediators”) are frequently employed in organic electrosynthesis to control selectivity. Despite their advantages, they can have a negative influence on the overall energy and mass balance if used only once or recycled inefficiently. Polymediators are soluble redox‐active polymers applicable as electrocatalysts, enabling recovery by dialysis or membrane filtration. Using anodic alcohol oxidation as an example, we have demonstrated that TEMPO‐modified polymethacrylates (TPMA) can act as efficient and recyclable catalysts. In the present work, the influence of the molecular size on the redox properties and the catalytic activity was carefully elaborated using a series of TPMAs with well‐defined molecular weight distributions. Cyclic voltammetry studies show that the polymer chain length has a pronounced impact on the key‐properties. Together with preparative‐scale electrolysis experiments, an optimum size range was identified for polymediator‐guided sustainable reaction control.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Chlorosilanes
Authors: Pang Xiaobo , Shu Xing‐Zhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganosilanes play essential roles in many important research areas. The use of readily available chlorosilanes to catalytically access these compounds is synthetically appealing but remains a long‐standing challenge. Nickel‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling reaction has recently emerged as a promising protocol to arrive at this goal. This strategy allows the chlorosilanes to be coupled with various carbon electrophiles under mild conditions. These reactions afford organosilanes with improved molecular diversity, structural complexity, and functional group compatibility. This Concept article summarizes the recent advance on nickel‐catalyzed reductive C−Si couplings of chlorosilanes.
A novel multi‐objective immune optimization algorithm for under sampling software defect prediction problem
Authors: Ye Tao , Li Wenting , Zhang Jiangjiang , Cui Zhihua 
Published: November 2022

SummaryData imbalance and parameter selection have always been two important factors affecting the accuracy of software defect prediction. However, the existing methods have been poor in balancing these two factors. To address this challenge, a multi‐objective software defect prediction model is employed to describe the under sampled software defect prediction problem. And in this model, defect detection rate and defect false alarm rate are deemed as two objectives which should be optimized. Simultaneously, we design a novel multi‐objective immune optimization algorithm based on the comprehensive fitness of evaluation mechanism to effectively address the employed model. In the algorithm, the original mechanism based on neighborhood individual selection is replaced based on comprehensive fitness evaluation,which have better selection ability to attaining the predicted effect of software to improving in the process of selection solution of population evolution and further effectively help decision makers choose better scheme that meets requirements. In addition, in order to verify the effectiveness of the designed algorithm, the proposed algorithm is compared on eight different public data sets. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance in handling with the multi‐objective under sampling software defect prediction problem.
Highly Efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Genome Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Maguire Jean Ann , Gadue Paul , French Deborah L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells hold tremendous potential for both basic biology and cell‐based therapies for a wide variety of diseases. The ability to manipulate the genome of these cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology has expanded this potential by providing a valuable tool to engineer or correct disease‐associated mutations. Because of the high efficiency with which CRISPR/Cas9 creates targeted double‐strand breaks, a major challenge has been the introduction of precise genetic modifications on one allele without indel formation on the non‐targeted allele. To overcome this obstacle, we describe use of two oligonucleotide repair templates: one expressing the sequence change and the other maintaining the normal sequence. In addition, we have streamlined both the transfection and screening methodologies to make the protocols efficient, with small numbers of cells and a limited amount of labor‐intensive clone passaging. This article provides a technically simple approach for generating valuable tools to model human disease in stem cells. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Application and optimization of CRISPR‐based genome editing in human pluripotent stem cellsBasic Protocol 2: Genetic modification of human pluripotent stem cells using a double‐oligonucleotide CRISPR/Cas9 recombination system
Rice and food security: Climate change implications and the future prospects for nutritional security
Authors: Rezvi Hridoy Ul Awall , Tahjib‐Ul‐Arif Md. , Azim Md. Abdul , Tumpa Toufica Ahmed , Tipu Mohammad Monirul Hasan , Najnine Farhana , Dawood Mona F. A. , Skalicky Milan , Brestič Marián 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnvironmental stresses including salinity, drought, cold, warmer temperatures, alterations in precipitation patterns, fluctuations of weather events, and increasing insect and disease infestations negatively affect crop production and nutritional values. This situation becomes further complicated due to the changing climatic conditions, thus raising concern about food security worldwide. Some worst‐case projections indicated that by 2100, CO2 concentrations will reach 950 parts per million, temperatures will climb by 3.5 to more than 8°C, sea level will rise by more than 2.4 meters, and the average farmland drought risk index will increase from 52.45 to 129. In addition, average precipitation will increase by 1%–3% in some areas and atmospheric water vapor will increase by 6%–7% for every degree of temperature rise. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop in many parts of the world. The main objective of this review is to highlight the prospects of rice for future climatic conditions. The present review depicts the advantages and prospects of rice and addresses why rice is a better option as a cereal crop for the future situations for food and nutritional sustainability. The impact of climate change on food and nutritional security can be mitigated by developing biotic and abiotic stress‐tolerant and biofortified rice varieties. These rice cultivars can withstand the negative effects of climate change while also meeting the nutritional needs of future generations. Furthermore, this review underlines the forthcoming issues and measures that should be addressed to assure a sustainable food and nutritional supply in the era of global climate change.
The effect of a contact‐based intervention on attitudes and intended behaviors of nursing students toward people with mental illness: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Al Ma'ani Mohammad A. Q. M. , Hamaideh Shaher H. , Hamdan‐Mansour Ayman M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough nursing students are professionally and ethically trained and educated to respect patients with a variety of medical and mental problems, they continue to exhibit negative attitudes and behaviors toward mental disease and patients with mental illness. The accumulated evidence indicates that contact‐based intervention (CBI) is helpful in enhancing nursing students' attitudes and behaviors toward patients with mental illness. Although evidence found to support the CBI, culture and settings might play a significant role to decide its effectiveness. This would call for testing further the effectiveness of CBI across cultures and healthcare settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a CBI on the attitudes and intended behaviors of nursing students in Jordan toward people with mental illness.MethodsA quasi‐experimental, pre–post, design was used. Data were collected from 81 nursing students from two nursing schools implementing the CBI using self‐reported questionnaires to measure students' attitudes and intended behaviors toward people with mental illness. Data were collected during the first semester of the academic year 2019/2020. The paired‐samples and independent‐samples t tests were used to test the study's hypotheses.ResultsAt baseline, the results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of their attitudes and intended behaviors toward people with mental illness. At posttest, statistically significant improvements in the attitudes and intended behaviors of nursing students found in the experimental group and between control and experimental groups toward people with mental illness compared with baseline pretest measures (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe CBI did improve the attitudes and intended behaviors of Jordanian nursing students toward people with mental illness. Significant implications for nurses were discussed.
Heat shock protein 40 of Streptococcus pneumoniae induces immune response of human dendritic cells via TLR4‐dependent p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways
Authors: Liu Jing‐jing , Lin Jian‐cheng , Chen Li‐na 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionHeat shock protein 40 (HSP40) is a vaccine adjuvant candidate for Streptococcus pneumoniae. The mechanism by which HSP40 activates the human dendritic cells (DCs) is unclear.MethodsDCs were isolated from human peripheral blood and their markers (HLA‐DR, CD86, CD83, and CD80) were detected by flow cytometry. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and secretion levels of inflammary cytokines were measured after DCs were stimulated with recombinant HSP40 (rHSP40). Short hairpin RNAs were used to knock down toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4. The TLR2‐ or TLR4‐deficient DCs were treated with lipopolysaccharides, rHSP40, or peptidoglycan, and then the secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were measured. Moreover, the secretion levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were measured after DCs were treated with mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors including SB203580, SP600125, and U0126. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in DC cells were determined using western blot analysis after treatment with rHSP40 for different times.ResultsDCs were successfully isolated and cultured. rHSP40 treatment significantly increased cytokine levels in a concentration‐dependent manner. TLR4 deficiency, but not TLR2 deficiency, significantly suppressed the rHSP40‐induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). SB203580 and SP600125 significantly inhibited the rHSP40‐induced secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐6. rHSP40 significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK.ConclusionHPS40 stimulates the immune response of DCs via the p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways, which depend on TLR4.