bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining multi‐level immune response to determine prevalence of COVID‐19 in pediatric tonsillectomy
Authors: Mudd Pamela , Romero Nahir , Behzadpour Hengameh , Xu Qin , Rana Md Sohel , Gitman Lyuba , Preciado Diego , Karkanitsa Maria , Spathies Jacquelyn , Sadtler Kaitlyn , Kalish Heather , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Manthiram Kalpana 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of COVID‐19 in a cohort of children undergoing tonsillectomy through assessment of B cell immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 in both peripheral blood and tonsil tissue.MethodsIn this cohort study at a tertiary pediatric hospital (Children's National Hospital) in Washington, DC, we recruited 100 children undergoing tonsillectomy from late September 2020 to January 2021. Serum, peripheral blood cells, and tonsil tissue were collected and examined for immune reactivity to SARS‐CoV‐2. Parent‐reported clinical histories were compared to antibody and B‐cell responses.ResultsAmong 100 children undergoing tonsillectomy, 19% had evidence of immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 (CoV2+), indicating prior COVID‐19. In all seropositive participants, we detected SARS‐CoV‐2 specific B cells in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tonsils, providing evidence for tissue‐specific immunity in these children. Of the 19, 63% reported no known history of COVID‐19, and an additional 3 were asymptomatic or unaware of an acute infection when detected on pre‐surgery screen. Hispanic children represented 74% of CoV2+ subjects compared to 37% of the full cohort. 100% of CoV2+ children lived in a zip code with poverty level >10%.ConclusionsNearly one‐fifth of children undergoing tonsillectomy at an urban U.S. hospital had evidence of prior COVID‐19 during the early pandemic, with the majority unaware of prior infection. Our results underscore the ethnic and socio‐economic disparities of COVID‐19. We found concordant evidence of humoral immune responses in children in both blood and tonsil tissue, providing evidence of local immune responses in the upper respiratory tract.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1993–1999, 2023
Quantifying the importance of different erosion processes and soil and water conservation measure collapses following an extreme rainstorm in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Chen Yixian , Vanmaercke Matthias , Jiao Juying , Bai Leichao , Tang Bingzhe , Wang Nan , Zhang Yifeng , Wang Haolin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExtreme rainfall events can make disproportionally larger contributions than common rainfalls to soil erosion rates. Yet assessing the importance of different soil erosion processes during such events remains a critical challenge, especially due to a lack of field observations. Based on detailed field surveys and remote‐sensing analyses, we therefore provide erosion budgets for three representative catchments in the Chinese Loess Plateau, following an exceptional rainstorm event (July 26, 2017; estimated return period: 200 years). Our results show that the associated catchment‐scale erosion intensities were 2815 ± 529 t km‐2 for rill erosion, 787 ± 486 t km‐2 for gully erosion, 4433 ± 657 t km‐2 for landsliding and 3927 ± 1009 t km‐2 for the collapse of implemented soil and water conservation measures (SWCMs, specifically terraces and check‐dams). Hence, landslides (37 ± 4%) and SWCMs collapses (33 ± 4%) were the most important sediment sources, followed by rill (24 ± 3%) and gully erosion (7 ± 4%). The lower contribution of gully erosion likely results from earlier vegetation restoration efforts. Overall, our results indicate that successful erosion control during extreme events strongly depends on integrative and robust catchment management strategies. Specifically, the spatial intersecting of forestland and grassland can play a large role, with reforestation on problematic slopes being an important strategy limiting rill and gully erosion. Sufficient consideration should be given to the planning and maintenance of terraces and check‐dams. The latter should be constructed with good flood‐release facilities, meanwhile many small‐scale dams likely work better than a few large ones. Likewise, (unpaved) roads should receive attention as they can also be a significant runoff and sediment source.
Long‐term Camellia oleifera cultivation influences the assembly process of soil bacteria in different soil aggregate particles
Authors: Lijun Chen , Wu Lichao , Qi Sun , Yuqi Chen , CongYa Wang , sheng Lu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that govern microbial community assembly across a soil–plant continuum is crucial for predicting the responses of ecosystems to environmental changes. However, the impact of the health status of plants on microbial assemblies across these continuums remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the stochastic and deterministic processes associated with different aggregate particles and Camellia oleifera growth stages (sapling, maturity, and degeneration periods). The composition of bacterial communities in C. oleifera soil was significantly affected by cultivation length and aggregate size, and cultivation length plays a more important role in the regulation of bacterial composition. The assembly processes of the bacterial community were dominated by deterministic processes in soil aggregates at different growth stages. Soil structurality determined soil α‐diversity and β‐diversity to a greater extent than soil nutrient content. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of soil bacterial community in different soil aggregates and C. oleifera plantation lengths and highlights the significance of soil physical properties to mediate soil microbial community composition and abundance.
Bottom‐up as well as top‐down processes govern zoobenthic secondary production in a tidal‐flat ecosystem
Authors: Beukema Jan J. , Dekker Rob 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor decades, we monitored numbers and weights of the macrozoobenthos in a vast tidal‐flat area in the Dutch Wadden Sea. We used data collected since 1992 to estimate annual secondary production. Data on chlorophyll concentrations and primary production were available for a nearby tidal inlet, showing rapid increases in the late 1970s and gradual declines since the late 1980s. The benthos responded with a doubling of biomass around 1980 and gradual declines of summer biomass, annual production as well as seasonal biomass gain for the 1992–2019 de‐eutrophication period. In nearly all years, production of bivalves (on average 25.5 gAFDM m−2 yr−1) accounted for more than half of the total zoobenthic production (averaging 42.7 gAFDM m−2 yr−1). Production values for individual years were not correlated with chlorophyll concentrations or primary production of that year, but did show a significantly positive relationship with bivalve recruitment success in the preceding year. As recruitment was governed by predation pressure on early bivalve bottom stages, it is a top‐down process. Bottom‐up processes were expressed in the gradually declining long‐term trend of bivalve growth rates and secondary production during the de‐eutrophication period and also in a few years when bivalve numbers were so high that growth rates were reduced by food competition. In by far most years, numbers of bottom animals were too low to fully exploit the carrying capacity of the system and production increased linearly with preceding recruitment.
Effect of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of medium‐carbon low‐alloy steel by caliber rolling
Authors: Yang B. , Liu B.X. , Zhang B.Y. , Dong M.C. , Chen C.X. , Ji P.G. , Li Z.Y. , Yin F.X. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effect of initial heat‐treated conditions on change of mechanical properties and microstructure evolution was investigated by caliber rolling of medium carbon alloy steel (ASTM 5140). Initial samples with two different kinds of microstructures of pearlite‐ferrite and martensite were prepared, and then caliber rolling was conducted at 550 °C, 600 °C, 650 °C, respectively. It was found that the caliber rolling provides better strength‐ductility balance and impact properties, when the rolling temperature is at 550 °C, the ultimate tensile strength of quenched steel can reach 1.3 GPa, and low‐temperature impact energy of 140 J at −80 °C. In a word, the improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the ultrafine elongated grain structures, dispersed nano‐size carbides, and formation of distinct chromium segregation bands, furthermore, delamination crack is an effective measure to improve impact energy.
Evaluation of virtual surgical planning and three‐dimensional configurations for reconstruction of maxillary defects using the fibula free flap
Authors: Barrantes Sergi , Sadeghi Payam , Ojeda Anna López , Palacín Porté José A. , Vinyals Vinyals Joan M. , Barceló Lia Huesa , Lluis Enric Cisa , Compta Xavier González , Diaz Alberto Torres , Segú Josep Oriol Bermejo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaxillary reconstructive surgery with fibula free flaps (FFFs) is a challenging procedure for head and neck surgeons. However, virtual surgical planning (VSP) and three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies have contributed to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. The objective of this report is to demonstrate VSP/3D application in reconstruction of maxillary defects using the FFF by describing the different configurations available. We reviewed a series of consecutive cases operated at our institution and considered the management strategy of in‐house planning in VSP/3D application.MethodsIn total, 11 cases were included from November 2016 to December 2021. Eight male and three female were included, with a mean age of 55.4 years old (range: 34–74 years old). Maxillary defects were classified according to Brown's Classification: two cases with IIB, one case with IIC, four cases with IID, three cases with III, and one case with IV. Preoperatively, facial computed tomography (CT) and lower extremity computed tomography angiogram (CTA) were performed in all patients. Osteocutaneous FFFs were planned, harvested, and customized according to the VSP/3D guide configuration. VSP and 3D printed cutting guides were performed by an external company in nine cases and were self‐planned in three of them. Titanium 3D‐printed fixation plates were used in four cases.ResultsAll flaps survived, and the main reconstructive goals were achieved in 9 cases out of 11. Mean FFF length before osteotomy was 20.0 cm (17.5–22.5 cm). None of the cases experienced flap ischemia or venous congestion. At least one complication occurred in four cases: Prefabricated titanium plate exposure (two cases), loss of donor site skin grafts (one case), and ectropion (one case). One patient underwent a second FFF reconstruction. Two titanium printed plates became exposed after radiotherapy and needed to be removed. Mean follow‐up time was 23.5 months (range 6–63 months). Dental rehabilitation was completed in eight of the 11 cases. Regarding functional recovery, five cases underwent delayed osseo‐integrated dental implants (ODI), and two cases had immediate ODI procedures. One case was treated with removal dentition.ConclusionVSP/3D printing technology is a new and helpful tool to successful restoration of craniofacial function and aesthetics. It can be used in the broad range of configurations offered by FFFs considering our suggested management strategy.
An element‐based formulation for ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM models for implementation in standard solid mechanics finite element codes for 2D and 3D static analysis
Authors: Colombo Daniele , Drira Slah , Frotscher Ralf , Staat Manfred 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEdge‐based and face‐based smoothed finite element methods (ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM, respectively) are modified versions of the finite element method allowing to achieve more accurate results and to reduce sensitivity to mesh distortion, at least for linear elements. These properties make the two methods very attractive. However, their implementation in a standard finite element code is nontrivial because it requires heavy and extensive modifications to the code architecture. In this article, we present an element‐based formulation of ES‐FEM and FS‐FEM methods allowing to implement the two methods in a standard finite element code with no modifications to its architecture. Moreover, the element‐based formulation permits to easily manage any type of element, especially in 3D models where, to the best of the authors' knowledge, only tetrahedral elements are used in FS‐FEM applications found in the literature. Shape functions for non‐simplex 3D elements are proposed in order to apply FS‐FEM to any standard finite element.
Integrating histology in the analysis of multispecies cremations: A case study from early medieval England
Authors: French Katherine McCullough , Crowder Christian , Crabtree Pam Jean 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMethodological options for differentiating commingled human from nonhuman calcined remains are limited. A zooarchaeological analysis of human cremations from three early medieval sites in the Avon Valley (Warwickshire, England) identified commingled animal remains in burials from the site of Bidford‐on‐Avon, but not at the contemporary sites of Wasperton and Alveston Manor. A histological study was conducted to further investigate whether additional fragments of nonhuman bone could be identified and to quantify potential differences in preservation or cremation intensity between the sites. Bone fragments (n = 92) were selected from 44 cremation burials across the three sites for thin section preparation. Histological cross sections were observed to record the presence of fibrolamellar plexiform bone and secondary osteon banding, as well as to categorize the histological preservation and cremation intensity. The analysis did not identify any nonhuman remains from Wasperton or Alveston Manor, but nonhuman bone fragments were identified in the Bidford‐on‐Avon histology sample. These data supplement and support the findings of the macroscopic analysis that multispecies commingled cremations were only prevalent at Bidford‐on‐Avon. No statistically significant differences were identified in histological preservation or cremation intensity between the cemeteries. Variability in animal use in funerary rites between cemetery sites, rather than preservation bias, is therefore the likely explanation for the differential recovery of commingled nonhuman bone from excavated cremation burials. These results confirm that histomorphology is a useful tool to incorporate in the analysis of multispecies commingled cremations.
Stable Oligomer Formation from Lignin by Pyrolysis of Softwood in an Aprotic Solvent with a Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Minai Eiji , Kawamoto Haruo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPyrolysis of Japanese cedar wood in diphenoxybenzene (an aprotic solvent) with a hydrogen donor was investigated between 270–380 °C. Under these conditions, re‐condensation via radical and quinone methide intermediates was efficiently suppressed and a thermally stable oligomer was obtained. The oligomer was stable even after the treatment time was extended. Yields of lignin‐derived products at 270 °C were limited to approximately 20 wt %, but increased to >80 wt % (lignin basis) at the higher temperatures. The oligomer yield increased directly with the extent of the cellulose degradation at 350 °C. Based on the NMR analysis results, the ether bonds in lignin were largely cleaved, but condensed linkages such as β‐aryl and β‐β and 5‐5’ types remained. The γ‐hydroxypropyl group was identified as a typical side chain, formed by hydrogenation of the double bond of a coniferyl alcohol‐type structure.
Stable low‐friction carbon/epoxy composites using carbon nanocages stuffed with ionic liquids as fillers
Authors: Liang Hongyu , Yin Tianqiang , Fu Caihong , Xu Meijuan , Zhang Yanhu , Min Chunying , Hua Xijun , Fu Yonghong , Bu Yongfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpoxy resin (EP) is prone to brittle fracture during friction due to internal stress after curing, resulting in fatigue wear and cracking. Adding carbon fillers is considered as one of the great potential solutions to solve the serious dry wear of EP. Herein, we develop a novel carbon capsule composite filler (CNC‐IL) filled with ionic liquid (IL) in carbon nanocages (CNC) using the vacuum principle to address these concerns. Compared with pure EP, the friction coefficient (0.10) and wear rate (1.712 × 10−6 mm3 Nm−1) of the optimized CNC‐IL/EP were reduced by 74.62% and 88.14%, respectively. Such excellent tribological properties can be attributed to the solid–liquid lubricating film formed by the IL released from the broken CNC during friction. A low‐shear‐resistance slip layer can be formed between the CNC‐IL in the film due to the repulsion of the isoelectric ions adsorbed on the surface of the CNC; it effectively integrates the self‐lubricating functions of CNC and the liquid lubrication functions of ILs. This work provides a valuable idea for designing C/EP composites with good antifriction properties.
Diabetes representations on adherence and quality of life: Do parents and adolescents differ?
Authors: Almeida Ana C. , Leandro M. Engrácia , Pereira M. Graça 
Published: September 2022

AbstractType 1 diabetes is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in adolescents. To manage diabetes and prevent complications, a set of self‐care behaviors needs to be implemented into family daily routines. This study analyzed diabetes representations in adolescents and their parents, the dissimilarities between them, and the relationship between illness dissimilarities and adherence/quality of life (QoL) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The sample included 200 participants: 100 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 100 parents who accompanied the adolescents. Adolescents were assessed on adherence (Self‐Care Inventory‐Revised), quality of life (Diabetes QoL) and family support (Diabetes Family Behavior Scale). Both adolescents and parents were assessed on illness representations (Brief‐Illness Perception Questionnaire). Dissimilarities in illness representations between parents and adolescents were performed using Olsen et al's proposal. Parents showed a more negative representation of diabetes than adolescents. Adolescents' illness representations, the dissimilarities between adolescents' and parents' illness representations, and family support were associated with adolescents' adherence and QoL. Higher family support moderated the relationship between the dissimilarity in timeline representations and QoL, explaining 17.8% of the variance on QoL. Adolescent's gender (male) was a moderator in the relationship between adolescent's coherence and QoL, explaining 18.6% of the variance on QoL. Adolescent's gender (female) was a moderator in the relationship between timeline and QoL, explaining 11.9% of the variance on QoL. Being a male parent was a moderator in the relationship between adolescent's concerns and QoL, explaining 13.5% of the variance on QoL. Intervention programs should focus on illness representations, particularly on the dissimilarities between adolescents and parents, as well as on family support in order to promote adolescents' adherence and QoL.
Framework for successful school reintegration after psychiatric hospitalization: A systematic synthesis of expert recommendations
Authors: Tougas Anne‐Marie , Houle Andrée‐Anne , Leduc Karissa , Frenette‐Bergeron Émilie , Marcil Katherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis systematic synthesis aimed to identify and synthesize expert recommendations from best available clinical and scientific literature for successful school reintegration of students after psychiatric hospitalization. Following principles outlined by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Coordinating Centre (EPPI‐Centre), we searched 15 electronic databases with all possible literature from 1985 to May 2019 and conducted both supplementary retrospective and prospective reference searches. Fifty‐three documents (37 scientific and 16 clinical) met the inclusion criteria. A thematic synthesis of identified recommendations led to the development and definition of a nine‐step framework to guide collaboration between school and mental health practitioners. This innovative framework offers clear, structured and consensus‐based prescriptive guidelines to determine what should be done, for whom, by whom, when, and how, to facilitate the school reintegration of students hospitalized for mental health issues. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of this step‐based framework.
Understanding the experiences of lung volume recruitment among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A multicenter qualitative study
Authors: Katz Sherri L. , Blinder Henrietta , Newhook Dennis , Azerrad Leana , Nicholls Stuart , McMillan Hugh J. , Mah Jean K. , Campbell Craig , McAdam Laura C. , Zielinski David , Toupin‐April Karine , Momoli Franco , McKim Douglas A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite recommendations for regular lung volume recruitment (LVR) use in clinical practice guidelines for children with neuromuscular disease, adherence to LVR is poor. We aimed to describe the experience of LVR by boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), their families, and healthcare providers (HCPs), as well as to identify the barriers and facilitators to LVR use.MethodsThis multicenter, qualitative study evaluated boys with DMD (n = 11) who used twice‐daily LVR as part of a randomized controlled trial, as well as their parents (n = 11), and HCPs involved in the clinical use of LVR (n = 9). Semistructured interviews were conducted to identify participants' understanding of LVR therapy and their beliefs, barriers and facilitators to its use. Thematic analysis was conducted using an inductive approach. A subanalysis compared adherent and nonadherent children.ResultsSeven themes were identified related to participants' beliefs and experiences with LVR: emotional impact, adaptation to LVR, perceived benefits of LVR, routine, family engagement, clinical resources, and equipment‐related factors. Strategies to improve adherence were also identified, including education, reinforcement and demonstration of LVR benefit, as well as clinician support. There were no thematic differences between adherent and nonadherent children.DiscussionDespite the benefits of LVR and positive experiences with it by many families, there remain barriers to adherence to treatment. HCPs need to balance the need for early introduction to give families time to adapt to LVR while ensuring that the benefit of LVR outweighs the burden. Clinician support is important for family engagement.