bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Tranexamic Acid in Liposculpture: A Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors: Hoyos Alfredo E. , Duran Héctor , Cardenas-Camarena Lazaro , Bayter Jorge E. , Cala Laura , Perez Mauricio , Lopez Alejandro , Talleri Giancarlo , Domínguez-Millan Rodrigo , Mogollon Ivan R. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Intraoperative hemostasis should be performed with great caution since bleeding is a huge enemy of patient safety during surgery. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a lysine synthetic derivate that inhibits fibrinolysis and diminishes the bleeding by blocking the 5 lysine-binding sites for plasminogen.

PURPOSE:
We are comparing the efficacy of tranexamic acid vs. placebo as a hemostatic agent in liposculpture procedures.

METHODS Design, Setting and Participants:
We conducted a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial in patients who were scheduled for liposculpture in 3 plastic surgery centers (Colombia and Mexico) between January 2019 and February of 2020. Interventions: 141 patients were randomly assigned into three groups: Intravenous (1 gr of TXA), subcutaneous (1 gr of TXA) and placebo (Normal Saline). 47 patients were assigned to each group. 30 patients were male and 111 were female. Main outcome: Evaluate the amount of postoperative bleeding between groups. The primary outcome was measured by the hemoglobin (Hb) point loss at day 1 (Preoperative Hb minus Hb at day 1 postop) and the Hb (mg/dl) point loss at day 5 (Preoperative Hb minus Hb at day 5 postop).

RESULTS:
We found the Intravenous intervention group to have a greater hemoglobin level than the other two groups on both the first postoperative day (P=0.0001) and the fifth postoperative day (P=0.001). There were no statistical differences in Hb values between the placebo and the subcutaneous intervention groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intravenous Tranexamic acid is a good therapeutic choice to implement on liposculpture procedures to decrease postoperative bleeding.
Vertical “V-Y” Advancement Lifting Based on Fat Compartments: A New Approach for Lower Eyelid and Midcheek Rejuvenation
Authors: Sun Xiaoming , Chen Xiangling , Zhang Lu , Zhang Ying , Jin Rong , Mao Xiyuan , Cheng Liying , Bian Weiwei , Zhang Yuguang 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Lower blepharoplasty continues to improve over time. With discovery of the numerous fat compartments of the face, surgeons noticed that the appearance of the lower eyelid area through aging could be improved through midface lifting. This study introduces a vertical “V-Y” advancement lifting technique, using the concept of fat compartments for lower lid and midcheek rejuvenation.

Methods:
Eighty female patients were categorized into four age groups at 20 patients each from 20- to 59-year-olds. The average measurement for the lower lid length in each group was recorded. Additionally, 318 patients underwent lower eyelid blepharoplasty combined with fat compartments advancement lifting for lid-cheek area rejuvenation from April 2015 to May 2018 were included in this study. The postoperative effect was evaluated based on pre- and postoperative photographs, lower lid length measurements, and three-dimensional facial analyses.

Results:
The lower lid lengths gradually increased with age, and the greatest increase occurred in the 30- to 39-year-old group. 318 Asian female patients underwent the surgical procedure, with the patients’ age ranging from 35 to 58 years old. Measurements of the lower lid length showed an average reduction of 0.31cm 6 months post-surgery. Three-dimensional facial analysis also indicated that the patient's midcheek volume increased at varying degrees post-surgery.

Conclusions:
Lower eyelid blepharoplasty combined with vertical “V-Y” advancement lifting makes it possible to restore facial fat compartments. This procedure improves projection in the midcheek without any kinds of fillers, thus achieving a more youthful appearance of the lower lid and lid-cheek contour in middle-aged women.
Lack of Workplace Support for Obstetric Health Concerns is Associated With Major Pregnancy Complications
Authors: Rangel Erika L. , Castillo-Angeles Manuel , Hu Yue-Yung , Gosain Ankush , Easter Sarah Rae , Cooper Zara , Atkinson Rachel B. , Kim Eugene S. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
We sought to assess whether lack of workplace support for clinical work reductions during pregnancy was associated with major pregnancy complications.

Background:
Surgeons are at high risk of major pregnancy complications. Although rigorous operative schedules pose increased risk, few reduce their clinical duties during pregnancy.

Methods:
An electronic survey was distributed to US surgeons who had at least 1 live birth. Lack of workplace support was defined as: (1) desiring but feeling unable to reduce clinical duties during pregnancy due to failure of the workplace/training program to accommodate and/or concerns about financial penalties, burden on colleagues, requirement to make up missed call, being perceived as weak; (2) disagreeing colleagues and/or leadership were supportive of obstetrician-prescribed bedrest. Multivariate logistic regression determined the association between lack of workplace support and major pregnancy complications.

Results:
Of 671 surgeons, 437 (65.13%) reported lack of workplace support during pregnancy and 302 (45.01%) experienced major pregnancy complications. Surgeons without workplace support were at higher risk of major pregnancy complications than those who had workplace support (odds ratio: 2.44; 95% confidence interval: 1.58–3.75). Bedrest was prescribed to 110/671 (16.39%) surgeons, 38 (34.55%) of whom disagreed that colleagues and/or leadership were supportive. Of the remaining surgeons, 417/560 (74.5%) desired work reductions but were deterred by lack of workplace support.

Conclusions:
Lack of workplace support for reduction in clinical duties is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes for surgeons. This is a modifiable workplace obstacle that deters surgeons from acting to optimize their infant’s and their own health. To ensure the health of expectant surgeons, departmental policies should support reduction of clinical workload in an equitable manner without creating financial penalties, requiring payback for missed call duties, or overburdening colleagues.
Carotid Intervention Improves Cognitive Function in Patients With Severe Atherosclerotic Carotid Disease
Authors: Zhou Wei , Succar Bahaa , Murphy Devin P. , Ashouri Yazan , Chou Ying-Hui , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh , Rapcsak Steven , Trouard Theodore 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Carotid revascularization procedures are effective in stroke prevention in appropriately selected patients. We sought to understand the effects of the carotid intervention on cognitive function in a well-defined cohort of prospectively recruited patients.

Methods:
A total of 170 consecutive patients undergoing carotid intervention for severe carotid stenosis were recruited. Patients received neuropsychometric testing preintervention, and at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperative. Patients were screened with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT) test was the primary outcome measure and multiple cognitive tests were used to evaluate executive function. Paired t test and McNemar test were performed to compare age-adjusted and education-adjusted postoperative scores at the individual time point with the preoperative scores.

Results:
Our patients had a high prevalence of cardiovascular risks and 51.2% of whom were symptomatic. The usages of statin and antiplatelet were high (88.8% and 69.4%, respectively). A total of 140 patients had 1 or more postoperative neuropsychometric tests in addition to their preoperative tests were included. The average RAVLT preoperative score was lower (z=−0.79, SD=1.3, confidence interval: −1 to −0.53) than the age-adjusted norm. We observed a significant improvement in RAVLT memory scores at 1 and 6 months postoperative compared with preoperative. We also observed significant improvement in multiple executive functions measures up to 12 months postoperative. The improvement on patients with preoperative stroke symptoms was less consistent.

Conclusions:
This prospective study showed that carotid intervention improved memory and executive function in patients with the severe carotid occlusive disease. It highlights the cognitive benefit of the carotid intervention in appropriately selected patients.
Intrathecal Morphine and Effect on Opioid Consumption and Functional Recovery after Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Burchard Paul R , Melucci Alexa D , Lynch Olivia , Loria Anthony , Dave Yatee A , Strawderman Myla , Schoeniger Luke O , Galka Eva , Moalem Jacob , Linehan David C 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Single-shot intrathecal morphine (ITM) is an effective strategy for postoperative analgesia, but there are limited data on its safety, efficacy, and relationship with functional recovery among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.

STUDY DESIGN:
This was a retrospective review of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2014 to 2020 as identified by the institutional NSQIP Hepato-pancreato-biliary database. Patients were categorized by having received no spinal analgesia, ITM, or ITM with transversus abdominus plane block (ITM+TAP). The primary outcomes were average daily pain scores from postoperative days (POD) 0 to 3, total morphine equivalents (MEQ) consumed over POD 0 to 3, and average daily inpatient MEQ from POD 4 to discharge. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of opioid related complications, length of stay, and functional recovery.

RESULTS:
A total of 233 patients with a median age of 67 years were included. Of these, 36.5% received no spinal analgesia, 49.3% received ITM, and 14.2% received ITM+TAP. Average pain scores in POD 0 to 3 were similar by mode of spinal analgesia (none [2.8], ITM [2.6], ITM+TAP [2.3]). Total MEQ consumed from POD 0 to 3 were lower for patients who received ITM (121 mg) and ITM+TAP (132 mg), compared with no spinal analgesia (232 mg) (p < 0.0001). Average daily MEQ consumption from POD 4 to discharge was lower for ITM (18 mg) and ITM+TAP (13.1 mg) cohorts compared with no spinal analgesia (32.9 mg) (p = 0.0016). Days to functional recovery and length of stay were significantly reduced for ITM and ITM+TAP compared with no spinal analgesia. These findings remained consistent through multivariate analysis, and there were no differences in opioid-related complications among cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS:
ITM was associated with reduced early postoperative and total inpatient opioid utilization, days to functional recovery, and length of stay among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. ITM is a safe and effective form of perioperative analgesia that may benefit patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Spatiotemporally selective ATP events from astrocytes encode injury information and guide sustained microglial response
Authors: Chen Yue , Luan Pengwei , Liu Juan , Wei Yelan , Wu Zhaofa , Jing Miao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBrain injuries, either directly result from external assaults or are accompanied with diseases, initiate a cascade of intrinsic responses for damage management, with resident microglia as one of the key responders in the early phase of reaction. Changes in microglia including their motility and activities can be tuned according to injury intensity and position, indicating such injury information is precisely encoded and actively presented. Also, microglia in a broad area can perform sustained migration towards a transient and local injury, suggesting a signal amplification process may exist that bridge differences between injury and microglial migration in time and space. Currently, the molecular identity and underlying mechanism for injury encoding, amplification and presentation have not been fully elucidated yet, although candidate molecules like ATP are linked with both injury and microglial response. Based upon our recent technique advancement in engineering novel genetically-encoded ATP sensors, we here identified and characterized that in the cortex of awake mice in vivo, a new type of spatiotemporally selective ATP events, referred to as Inflares, was selectively evoked after brain injuries, which were actively and repeatedly generated from astrocytes in a Ca2+-dependent manner through the opening of pannexin 1 channel. Functionally, Inflares amplified local injury over time and space with their persistence and widespread distribution, and provided continuous directionality that was necessary for guiding microglial migration. Excessive Inflares in pathological injuries drove microglial dysfunction and caused secondary damage, whereas blocking Inflares successfully reversed pathological changes and benefited the outcome of ischemic stroke. Together, we identified the internal mechanism that encoded and presented injury information, and provided rational target for treating injury-related diseases.
Spatial regulation of Drosophila ovarian Follicle Stem Cell division rates and cell cycle transitions
Authors: Melamed David , Choi Aaron , Reilein Amy , Kalderon Daniel 
Published: June 2022

SummaryDrosophila ovarian Follicle Stem Cells (FSCs) present a favorable paradigm for understanding how stem cell division and differentiation are balanced in communities where they can be regulated independently. Many key extracellular signals for FSCs have been identified, including inversely graded Wnt and JAK-STAT pathway activators. FSCs also exhibit interesting functional spatial heterogeneity; posterior FSCs become proliferative Follicle Cells, while anterior FSCs become quiescent Escort Cells at a much lower rate. Here, by using live imaging and FUCCI cell-cycle reporters, we measured absolute division rates and found that posterior FSCs cycle 3-4 times faster than their anterior neighbors, matching their increased differentiation rate. We also found evidence for FSC G2/M cycling restrictions and G1/S restriction that increases more anteriorly, especially beyond the FSC domain. JAK-STAT signaling promotes both transitions but graded JAK-STAT signaling alone does not explain the graded cycling of FSCs. Genetic interaction tests and FUCCI reporter assays suggest that JAK-STAT signaling acts partly through Yorkie and can largely substitute for stimulation of division by Hh signaling. PI3 kinase signaling, in contrast to Hh signaling, acts largely independently of Yorkie induction and stimulates the G2/M transition.
Native holdup (nHU) to measure binding affinities from cell extracts
Authors: Zambo Boglarka , Morlet Bastien , Negroni Luc , Trave Gilles , Gogl Gergo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCharacterizing macromolecular interactions is essential for understanding cellular processes, yet nearly all methods used to detect protein interactions from cells are qualitative. Here, we introduce the native holdup (nHU) approach to quantify equilibrium binding constants and explore binding mechanisms of protein interactions from cell extracts. Compared to other pulldown-based assays, nHU requires less sample preparation and can be coupled to any analytical methods, such as western blotting (nHU-WB) or mass spectrometry (nHU-MS) as readouts. We use nHU to explore interactions of SNX27, a cargo adaptor of the retromer complex and find good agreement between in vitro affinities and those measured directly from cell extracts using nHU. This challenges the unwritten paradigm stating that biophysical parameters like binding constants cannot be accurately determined from cells or cellular extracts. We discuss the strengths and limitations of nHU and provide simple protocols that can be implemented in most laboratories.
A unified peptide array platform for antibody epitope binning, mapping, specificity and predictive off-target binding
Authors: Moore Cody , Lei Anna , Walsh Patrick , Trenchevska Olgica , Saini Gaurav , Tarasow Theodore M. , Srinivasan Mohan , Smith David , Greving Matthew P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTherapeutic antibody efficacy is largely determined by the target epitope. In addition, off-target binding can result in unanticipated side-effects. Therefore, characterization of the epitope and binding specificity are critical in antibody discovery. Epitope binning provides low-resolution of an antibody epitope and is typically performed as a cross-blocking assay to group antibodies into overlapping or non-overlapping bins. Epitope mapping identifies the epitope with high resolution but requires low throughput methods. In addition to binning and mapping, there is a need for a scalable and predictive approach to reveal off-target binding early in antibody discovery to reduce the risk of in vivo side effects. Peptide microarrays are an information-rich platform for antibody characterization. However, the potential of peptide microarrays in early-stage antibody discovery has not been realized because they are not produced at the scale, quality and format needed for reliable high-throughput antibody characterization. A unified, peptide library platform for high-resolution antibody epitope binning, mapping and predictive off-target binding characterization is described here. This platform uses highly scalable array synthesis and photolithography to synthesize more than 3 million addressable peptides. These arrays conform to a microplate format and each synthesis is qualified with mass spectrometry. Using this platform, a scalable approach to early-stage epitope and specificity characterization, with prediction of off-target interaction(s), is demonstrated using a panel of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies. This study highlights the prospect of this platform to improve antibody discovery productivity by generating epitope and specificity information much earlier with potentially hundreds of antibody clones.
Explicitly Nonlinear Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity In Resting-State fMRI Data
Authors: Motlaghian S. M. , Belger A. , Bustillo J. R. , Faghiri A. , Ford J. M. , Iraji A. , Lim K. , Mathalon D. H. , Miller R. , Mueller B. A. , O’Leary D. , Pearlson G. , Potkin S. G. , Preda A. , van Erp T.G. , Calhoun V. D. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTMost dynamic functional connectivity in fMRI data is focused on linear correlations, and to our knowledge, no study has studied whole brain explicitly nonlinear dynamic relationships within the data. While some approaches have attempted to study overall connectivity more generally using flexible models, we are particularly interested in whether the non-linear relationships, above and beyond linear, are capturing unique information. This study thus proposes an approach to assess the explicitly nonlinear dynamic functional network connectivity derived from the relationship among independent component analysis time courses. Linear relationships were removed at each time point to evaluate, typically ignored, explicitly nonlinear dFNC using normalized mutual information. Simulations showed the proposed method accurately estimated NMI over time, even within relatively short windows of data. Results on fMRI data included 151 schizophrenia patients, and 163 healthy controls showed three unique, highly structured, mostly long-range, functional states that also showed significant group differences. This analysis identifies a higher level of explicitly nonlinear dependencies in transient connectivity within the visual network in healthy controls compared to schizophrenia patients. In particular, nonlinear relationships tend to be more widespread than linear ones. We also find highly significant differences in the relative co-occurrence of linear and explicitly nonlinear states in HC and SZ, suggesting these may be an important aspect of the disorder. Overall, this work suggests that quantifying nonlinear dependencies of dynamic functional connectivity may provide a complementary and potentially valuable tool for studying brain function by exposing relevant variation that is typically ignored.
Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) Attenuates Paracetamol and Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Modulation of Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
Authors: Watafua Miriam , Ejiofor Jane I. , Musa Aminu , Ahmad Mubarak Hussaini 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe plant Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) is traditionally used to manage hepatitis. This research work aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effectiveness of root bark extract of Acacia sieberiana (ASE) against paracetamol (PCM) and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatotoxicity. The phytochemical and median lethal dose (LD50) investigations were conducted. The rats were pre-treated with the ASE (250, 750, 1,500 mg/kg) once daily via oral route for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, liver injury was initiated by PCM administration (2g/kg). Similarly, in the BDL-induced liver injury, the animals were administered ASE (125, 250 and 380 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. After 24 hours, blood samples and hepatic tissues were obtained for biochemical and histopathological investigations.ResultsPhytocomponents determination revealed glycosides, triterpenes, glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The oral and intraperitoneal LD50 values of the ASE were >5,000 and 1,300 mg/kg, respectively. The ASE efficiently (p<0.05) decreased the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and elevated the albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The direct bilirubin effectively (p<0.05) decreased at 750 mg/kg. Besides, the extract efficiently elevated the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in relation to the PCM hepatotoxic group. Also, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was reduced by the ASE. Meanwhile, in the BDL– induced liver injury, the ASE remarkably (p<0.05) declined the AST, ALP, bilirubin and MDA. Besides, there was effective (p<0.05) elevation in SOD, GPx and CAT in the ASE-treated groups. The morphology of liver tissue was preserved at 125 and 250 mg/kg ASE groups from BDL-induced necrosis and vascular congestion.ConclusionThe study shows that the ASE has hepatoprotective actions against liver damage by possible modulation of biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers