bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental impacts associated with hydrogen production in La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Ullman Amanda N , Kittner Noah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The global push to decarbonize sectors of the economy and phase-out coal use has attracted a renewed interest in hydrogen. At the forefront of this debate, Colombia, the world’s 6th largest coal exporter, must consider strategies to support a just transition for regions that depend economically on coal exports. However, the role of hydrogen as a part of the energy transition has yet to be examined from an environmental justice lens. A full-chain life-cycle assessment of hydrogen production is yet to be considered in Colombia. Using life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, we examine the greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, and trace metal emissions associated with six potential Colombian liquid hydrogen production strategies: (1) electrolysis powered by the country’s national electricity grid, (2) on-site electrolysis powered by electricity produced by a wind farm, (3) off-site electrolysis powered by electricity produced by a wind farm, (4) electrolysis powered by electricity produced from a coal-fired power plant, (5) coal gasification without carbon capture and storage (CCS), and (6) coal gasification with CCS. Upstream conversion has an outsized influence on the sustainability of a hydrogen transition in Colombia. Impact levels for wind-powered electrolysis are lower than those of the coal- and grid-powered scenarios for every impact category analyzed, apart from emissions of aluminum to air, nitrogen emissions to water, and phosphorous, nitrate, and nitrite emissions to soil. The grid-based electrolysis scenario is found to consume the largest amount of water, while coal-fueled scenarios pathways raise concerns of greater life-cycle mercury, nickel, and arsenic emissions. While coal gasification with CCS reduced gasification CO2 emissions by 35%, the CCS scenario’s VOC emissions were 37% greater than gasification without CCS, given that increased levels of coal inputs were required to account for the loss of efficiency associated with the addition of CCS technology. For Colombia to benefit most from a hydrogen-based decarbonization transition with minimal environmental impacts, community-focused planning and wind-based hydrogen systems should be prioritized.
The training response law explains how deep neural networks learn
Authors: Nakazato Kenichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Deep neural network is the widely applied technology in this decade. In spite of the fruitful applications, the mechanism behind that is still to be elucidated. We study the learning process with a very simple supervised learning encoding problem. As a result, we found a simple law, in the training response, which describes neural tangent kernel. The response consists of a power law like decay multiplied by a simple response kernel. We can construct a simple mean-field dynamical model with the law, which explains how the network learns. In the learning, the input space is split into sub-spaces along competition between the kernels. With the iterated splits and the aging, the network gets more complexity, but finally loses its plasticity.
Early modern encounters
Authors: Pearsall Sarah M. S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
‘Early modern encounters’ focuses on moments of conflict over polygamy in three major settings of the early modern world. Christian missionaries were keen to end polygamy among many world cultures, but they often found it difficult to do so, given its political importance. There have also been major encounters between polygamous empires and colonizing Christian Europeans. The first considers polygyny in the Aztec Empire in what is now Mexico, and the conflicts between Catholic missionaries and indigenous people receive attention. Polygamy played an important role in the Mughal Empire, in what is now India and Pakistan and was important to the emperors Akbar and Jahangir especially. West African empire-building, centered on Dahomey, was a kingdom in which polygamy played a vital role.
Modern encounters
Authors: Pearsall Sarah M. S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
‘Modern encounters’ argues that despite increasing condemnations of polygamy, it continued around the world, well into the twentieth century, in increasingly altered modern contexts. Polygamy around the world began to seem to many, even in cultures of traditional polygamy such as those in Egypt and Turkey, to be inferior, uncivilized, and embarrassing. There was increasing legislation against it as nations sought to prove their progress and international standing through limitations on polygamy. Yet there were still many adherents and practitioners of polygamy across a range of settings. Many people, including renegade Mormons in Canada, indigenous Americans, Aboriginal Australians, and Māori people in New Zealand, practiced polygamy, as did Thai, Chinese, and Nigerian people.
Centralized insourcing of sterile compounding: One multihospital health system’s journey
Authors: Bracero Dom , Carlos Pagan Luis , Rowe Abbi , Cassano Angela T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The process and challenges associated with an initiative to pivot from insourcing the batch compounding of high-volume sterile preparations to insourcing patient-specific compounding of parenteral nutrition (PN) at a health-system central fill pharmacy (CFP) serving 8 hospitals in central Florida are described.

Summary
The insourcing initiative was prompted by a need for greater oversight of sterile compounding to ensure patient safety and the potential for cost savings. In 2014 the health system opened a CFP to provide replenishment of automated dispensing machines and insourcing of 19 compounded sterile preparations (CSPs) as the hub of a hub-and-spoke distribution system for 8 local hospitals. The need to comply with a 2016 proposed Food and Drug Administration requirement limiting the distribution by 503A pharmacies of non–patient-specific CSPs beyond 1 mile and the state of Florida’s scope of practice definition related to sterile compounding prompted the CFP to switch from CSP insourcing to PN insourcing. The business case was based on substantial projected cost savings of more than $900,000 annually from PN insourcing versus outsourcing. A hybrid model for insourcing PN preparation was developed by using the PN compounding device, solutions, and additives from different vendors. Standardization of PN formulations and order templates streamlined the ordering process and reduced the unnecessary use of additives and associated costs.

Conclusion
With careful planning, the CFP successfully pivoted from insourcing CSPs to insourcing PN. A collaborative approach with early and frequent communication among key health-system and vendor stakeholders was vital to the success of the initiative.
Preoperative biomarkers related to inflammation may identify high-risk anastomoses in colorectal cancer surgery: explorative study
Authors: Holmgren Klas , Jonsson Pär , Lundin Christina , Matthiessen Peter , Rutegård Jörgen , Sund Malin , Rutegård Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundColorectal anastomotic leakage can be considered a process of failed wound healing, for which related biomarkers might be a promising research area to decrease leak rates.MethodsPatients who had elective surgery with a primary anastomosis for non-metastatic colorectal cancer, at two university hospitals between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2015 were included. Patients with an anastomotic leak were identified and matched (1:1) to complication-free controls on the basis of sex, age, tumour stage, tumour location, and operating hospital. Preoperative blood samples were analysed by use of protein panels associated with systemic or enteric inflammation by proteomics, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Multivariable projection methods were used in the statistical analyses and adjusted for multiple comparisons to reduce false positivity. Rectal cancer tissue samples were evaluated with immunohistochemistry to determine local expression of biomarkers that differed significantly between cases and controls.ResultsOut of 726 patients undergoing resection, 41 patients with anastomotic leakage were matched to 41 controls. Patients with rectal cancer with leakage displayed significantly elevated serum levels of 15 proteins related to inflammation. After controlling for a false discovery rate, levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 6 (CXCL6) and C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) remained significant. In patients with colonic cancer with leakage, levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were increased before surgery. Local expression of CXCL6 and CCL11, and their receptors, were similar in rectal tissues between cases and controls.ConclusionPatients with anastomotic leakage could have an upregulated inflammatory response before surgery, as expressed by elevated serological levels of CXCL6 and CCL11 for rectal cancer and hs-CRP levels in patients with colonic cancer respectively.
Doctor, I fractured my ankle. When can I return to play? An updated systematic review
Authors: Sinha Amit , Robertson Greg , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Ankle fractures in sport are common. Their optimal management is unclear, as is when patients can return to their sports activities. This systematic review provides a contemporary assessment of the literature on return to sports following acute traumatic ankle fractures managed both operatively and non-operatively.

Sources of data
We systematically searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and CINAHL using the terms ‘ankle fractures’, ‘ankle injuries’, ‘athletes’, ‘sports’, ‘return to sport’, ‘return to activity’, ‘operative management’, ‘non-operative management’.

Areas of agreement
Thirteen retrospective studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was generally poor. The proportion of patients returning to sporting activity was high. In some studies, a quicker return to sporting activity was demonstrated in patients managed non-operatively.

Areas of controversy
The time to return to sporting activity and level of performance post-treatment are not universally recorded, and the optimal time to return to sport remains to be confirmed.

Growing points
Conservative management for stable or undisplaced fracture may result in a higher proportion of patients returning to sport more quickly.

Areas timely for developing research
Randomized controlled trials should compare conservative to surgical treatment for appropriately chosen fracture patterns. Future studies should routinely report the timing of return to sport, the level of performance reached, and the time to achieve this.
Subjectivity and Trauma in Early Modern French Mémoires
Authors: O’Brien John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Focusing on accounts of the massacre of St Bartholomew’s Day and its aftermath found in early modern French writers of memoirs, most but not all Protestant, this article adopts a conceptual approach based on the work of Cathy Caruth to examine how the trauma of 24 August 1572 frames subjectivity in terms of the textualization of experience, external identification, and the imprint of history on the mind and sometimes on the body of the suffering victim. The article argues that such subjectivity occurs, not by absorbing the external into the self, but by the reverse process: assimilating the self to the larger framework of pain and suffering afforded by historical, political, and biblical models. It assesses the merits and drawbacks of Caruth’s theory of trauma and how successfully her approach invites us to revise our ideas of experience, selfhood, and personal witness in sixteenth-century French accounts of civil war.
Genetic Diversity in Successive Age Cohorts of Ilex paraguariensis in Southern Brazil
Authors: Bittencourt Larissa , e Silva Douglas Trautmann , Nascimento Bruno , Saiki Flavia Anan , Stedille Lilian Iara Bet , da Costa Newton Clóvis Freitas , Mantovani Adelar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (yerba mate) is a native species widely consumed in southern Brazil, a region that presents a current scenario of forest fragmentation. The objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow among cohorts of I. paraguariensis in two forest remnants. Genetic analyses were conducted using microsatellite markers from leaves from adult (Ad), regenerating (Reg), and seed-derived (Se) populations in Santa Catarina (SC) (Chapecó’s National Forest [CCO]) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS) (Teixeira Soares’ Municipal Natural Park [PTS]). We found unique alleles in both populations, eleven in the CCO and eight in the PTS. There was no significant difference in genetic diversity indexes, whereas high and significant fixation indexes were observed (FCCO = 0.394; FPTS = 0.319). The proportion of genetic variation obtained between populations was lower (8%) than the proportion within populations (92%). The presence of significant genetic structure was verified in the cohorts of I. paraguariensis for two study areas. Moreover, all pairwise genetic divergence between Ad and Reg, and Ad and Se cohorts was significant, except for Ad versus Reg in PTS. Aiming to maintain diversity over generations, we recommend the conservation of remnants and expansion of connectivity between fragments.
Average semivariance directly yields accurate estimates of the genomic variance in complex trait analyses
Authors: Feldmann Mitchell J , Piepho Hans-Peter , Knapp Steven J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany important traits in plants, animals, and microbes are polygenic and challenging to improve through traditional marker-assisted selection. Genomic prediction addresses this by incorporating all genetic data in a mixed model framework. The primary method for predicting breeding values is genomic best linear unbiased prediction, which uses the realized genomic relationship or kinship matrix (K) to connect genotype to phenotype. Genomic relationship matrices share information among entries to estimate the observed entries’ genetic values and predict unobserved entries’ genetic values. One of the main parameters of such models is genomic variance (σg2), or the variance of a trait associated with a genome-wide sample of DNA polymorphisms, and genomic heritability (hg2); however, the seminal papers introducing different forms of K often do not discuss their effects on the model estimated variance components despite their importance in genetic research and breeding. Here, we discuss the effect of several standard methods for calculating the genomic relationship matrix on estimates of σg2 and hg2. With current approaches, we found that the genomic variance tends to be either overestimated or underestimated depending on the scaling and centering applied to the marker matrix (Z), the value of the average diagonal element of K, and the assortment of alleles and heterozygosity (H) in the observed population. Using the average semivariance, we propose a new matrix, KASV, that directly yields accurate estimates of σg2 and hg2 in the observed population and produces best linear unbiased predictors equivalent to routine methods in plants and animals.
Target isoforms are an overlooked challenge and opportunity in chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy
Authors: Bogetofte Barnkob Mike , Vitting-Seerup Kristoffer , Rønn Olsen Lars 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The development of novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapies is rapidly growing, with 299 new agents being reported and 109 new clinical trials initiated so far this year. One critical lesson from approved CD19-specific CAR therapies is that target isoform switching has been shown to cause tumour relapse, but little is known about the isoforms of CAR targets in solid cancers. Here we assess the protein isoform landscape and identify both the challenges and opportunities protein isoform switching present as CAR therapy is applied to solid cancers.
The influence of childhood socioeconomic status on non-communicable disease risk factor clustering and multimorbidity among adults in Botswana: a life course perspective
Authors: Keetile Mpho , Letamo Gobopamang , Navaneetham Kannan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChildhood socioeconomic circumstances have a great influence on the health of individuals in adult life. We used cross-sectional data from a non-communicable disease (NCD) survey conducted in 2016, and respondents aged ≥15 y were selected from 3 cities/towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural areas using a multistage probability-sampling technique. The total sample for the study was 1178. Two multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to data to ascertain the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and NCD risk factor clustering and multimorbidity, using SPSS version 27. All comparisons were considered to be statistically significant at a 5% level. The prevalence of multiple NCD risk factors and multimorbidity was 30.1 and 5.3%, respectively. The odds of reporting NCD risk factor clustering were significantly high among individuals who reported low (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.88, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.78) and middle (AOR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.05) childhood SES compared with high childhood SES. Conversely, individuals from a low SES background were more likely to report both single (AOR=1.17, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.01) and multiple NCD conditions (AOR=1.78, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.68) compared with those with a high childhood SES background. There is a need to stimulate policy debate and research to take cognisance of childhood socioeconomic circumstances in health policy planning.
Extraction Induced by Emulsion Breaking for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn Determination in Chocolate by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Bakircioglu Dilek , Bakircioglu Kurtulus Yasemin , Topraksever Nukte 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Chocolate is a rich source of essential and non-essential elements. A new liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) approach, extraction induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB), is proposed in which the analyzed elements are transferred from the organic phase to the aqueous phase before measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).

Objective
To compare EIEB to microwave digestion (MWD) for extraction of elements from chocolate prior to FAAS.

Methods
EIEB parameters were varied to optimize the procedure. EIEB-FAAS was then compared to MWD-FAAS for the analysis of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn in milk and dark chocolate samples. A certified reference material (NIST 2384, baking chocolate) was analyzed to determine the recoveries of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn by the two methods.

Results
The optimized EIEB extraction method involves dilution of tempered chocolate with toluene, ultrasonic emulsification with acidified Triton X-114, breaking the emulsion by heating, and centrifugation to produce two well-defined phases. Analysis of dark and milk chocolate samples showed similar repeatability by EIEB-FAAS (RSDr 0.3 to 6.6% in dark and 0.5 to 8.7% in milk) and MWD-FAAS (RSDr 0.5 to 5.4% in dark and 0.7 to 10.2% in milk), with no significant difference detected between the methods for analysis of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn based on Student’s t-test. Analysis of NIST 2384 baking chocolate certified reference material for Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn demonstrated recoveries of 98.6 to 99.5% for EIEB-FAAS compared to 95.8 to 98.6% for MWD-FAAS.

Conclusion
EIEB-FAAS was shown to provide high recovery and excellent repeatability for accurate determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn from dark and milk chocolates.

Highlight
The EIEB-FAAS method is simpler and requires fewer reagents compared to other sample preparation methods and allows the calibration to be carried out using aqueous calibration solutions.
Resumption of Short-term Burn Reconstruction Missions to Ukraine in Light of COVID-19: A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Dabek Robert J , Vlasov Alexey , Savenko Maxim , Pasunko Artem , Driscoll Daniel N , Knittel Justin G , Fuzaylov Gennadiy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of billions of people globally. Some medical systems continue to be overburdened due to the viral illness leading to incredible public health challenges domestically as well as abroad. However, with vaccination distribution increasing globally, many are pushing for a return to some form of normalcy. In the medical community, some are weighing the risks of returning to global health missions and considering protective strategies to minimize risk of viral spread. Here, we describe our experience in returning to an annual burn reconstruction mission in a low- and middle-income country. We have successfully carried out a return surgical mission trip. Our team of 10 individuals was able to perform over 75 procedures on 25 pediatric patients in 4 operative days. We applied a variety of protective strategies and altered mission protocol to limit exposure and transmission risk while focusing heavily on education and training. Additionally, we increased the use of telemedicine and eliminated typical in-person clinic visits. We increased operative complexity to increase impact while limiting patient exposure. Rigorous perioperative safety and follow-up protocols were implemented. The increased use of telemedicine, reduction of in-person visits, emphasis on education, and implementation of safety and follow-up protocols have led to an improvement in efficiency, safety, and accountability. Our adaptations have provided guidance on responsibly resuming surgical outreach missions, with changes that are likely to endure beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Penalty coupling of trimmed isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell patches
Authors: Proserpio Davide , Kiendl Josef 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present a formulation for isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell analysis on complex CAD models consisting of multiple trimmed patches. The method is based on the penalty coupling method presented in Herrema AJ, Johnson EL, Proserpio D, Wu MCH, Kiendl J, Hsu MC (Penalty coupling of non-matching isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell patches with application to composite wind turbine blades. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2019;346:810–840.) and extended to the application on arbitrary coupling curves defined either in the physical or parametric space. We present the detailed formulation ready for implementation. Different numerical tests demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the method.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Why Participants Leave Collaborative Governance Arrangements
Authors: Chen Xin , Sullivan Andrew A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhat drives collaborating participants to leave collaborative arrangements? Collaboration is a dynamic and emergent process rather than a static condition. Previous studies focus on collaboration’s emergence and performance; few empirical studies examine why participants stop collaborating. We address this question by studying how the history and structure of the Illinois enterprise zone program relate to local governments’ renewing enterprise zone arrangements. We formulate hypotheses and provide empirical analysis at both the collaboration and individual participant levels to understand what relates to dropout. Using probit models, we provide evidence that participants of collaboration are less likely to drop out if the previous performance has been high when controlling for observable factors. Collaboration’s resource balance, stability, and participant similarity also relate to a lower likelihood of a participant’s dropping out of a collaboration. These findings shed light on the development of collaborative governance life cycle, particularly relating to later stages of collaboration.