bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetics of Tenecteplase in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Application to Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Tang Fei , Langenhorst Jurgen , Dang Steve , Kassir Nastya , Owen Ryan , Purdon Barbara , Magnusson Mats O. , Deng Rong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of tenecteplase in patients with acute ischemic stroke has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to describe PK characteristics of tenecteplase in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using a population PK approach and to assess applicability of the findings to patients with acute ischemic stroke by means of external validation. A population PK model was developed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling based on the phase II TIMI 10B study in patients with AMI (785 PK observations from 103 patients). The statistical and clinical impact of selected covariates on PK parameters were evaluated by a stepwise covariate modeling procedure and simulations, respectively. The performance of the final model was evaluated for patients with acute ischemic stroke using summary statistics of tenecteplase concentrations of 75 patients from investigator‐initiated study N1811s. Tenecteplase PK was well described by a 2‐compartment linear model, incorporating allometric scaling of clearance and volume parameters and weight‐normalized creatinine clearance on clearance. Simulations showed that the identified covariates (weight and creatinine clearance) were of limited influence on exposure at the intended dosing regimen for patients with acute ischemic stroke. The model overpredicted mean tenecteplase plasma concentrations from N1811s by 39%, but 72% of the distribution from N1811s was within the 90% prediction interval of the model predictions. The PK characteristics of tenecteplase in patients with AMI were well described by the final model. Simulations from the model indicated that no specific dose recommendations based on covariates are warranted for patients with AMI.
Identification of significant imaging features for sensing oocyte viability
Authors: Chen Yizhe , Liu Yaowei , Zuo Xiaoying , Zhao Qili , Sun Mingzhu , Cui Maosheng , Zhao Xin , Du Yue 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe evaluation of oocyte viability in the laboratory is limited to the morphological assessment by naked eyes, but the realization that most normal‐appearing oocytes may conceal abnormalities prompts the search for automated approaches that can detect the abnormalities imperceptible to naked eyes. In this study, we developed an image processing pipeline applicable to bright‐field microscope images to quantify the causal relationship between the quantitative imaging features and the developmental potential of oocytes. We acquired 19 imaging features of approximately 700 oocytes and determined two imaging subtypes, namely viable and nonviable subtypes that correlated closely with a viability fluorescence indicator and cleavage rates. The causal relationship between these imaging features and oocyte viability was derived from a viability‐oriented Bayesian network that was developed based on the Bayesian information criterion and Tabu search. Our experimental results revealed that entropy with mean Gray Level Co‐Occurrence Matrix energy describing the uniformity and texture roughness of cytoplasm were salient features for the automated selection of promising oocytes that exhibited excellent developmental potential.
An apparatus for plasma cleaning and storage of transmission electron microscopy specimens and specimen holders
Authors: Tang Xu , Gu Li Xin , Li Qiu Li , Du Zhong Ming , Yang Sai Hong , Feng Lian Jun , Li Jin Hua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen with thickness in nanometer scale is susceptible to hydrocarbon contamination and oxidation, and the specimen holder is also susceptible to contaminants, which would deteriorate the quality of TEM imaging and degrade the efficiency of TEM experiments. Conventional pretreatment devices often have limited functions and low practicability, which may cause problems for TEM specimens and holders. In this work, a multifunctional apparatus for plasma cleaning and storage of TEM specimens and specimen holders is developed based on the specific design of the vacuum joints. The apparatus includes a plasma cleaning system, holder storage station, and specimen storage station, which share the same vacuum system. The cleaning of hydrocarbon contaminants on the specimen and storage of the specimens and holders can be achieved simultaneously in this apparatus. TEM imaging and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of two treated specimens using the apparatus demonstrated that it could effectively remove hydrocarbon contaminants on the specimen. The holder storage station, used to preserve TEM holders in vacuum conditions, can also be modified as a specimen storage station by an appropriate design of the specimen storage platform, in which specimens are protected from water and contaminations. The designed apparatus not only robustly avoids damage to the ultrathin specimen and holders but also improves the working efficiency and reduces costs. These advantages could make our apparatus more appealing for the complement to the present commercial plasma cleaning and storage devices.HighlightsAn apparatus for the pretreatment of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens and specimen holders with three functions—plasma cleaning, holder storage, and specimen storage—was designed and fabricated. Using this single apparatus, the cleaning of hydrocarbon contaminants on the specimen and storage of the specimens and holders can be achieved simultaneously. The designed apparatus can not only robustly avoid damage to the ultrathin specimen and holders but also improve the working efficiency and reduce costs by adopting a single vacuum system. These advantages could make our apparatus more appealing for the complement to the present commercial plasma cleaning and storage devices.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors reduce community‐acquired pneumonia hospitalization and mortality
Authors: Alexander Donald P. , Nickman Nancy A. , Chhibber Anindit , Stoddard Gregory J. , Biskupiak Joseph E. , Munger Mark A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPneumonia is a global disorder and a common reason for prolonged hospitalization. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have pleiotropic effects that support a role in modulating pneumonia, but results have been controversial.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to elucidate an ACEi‐induced pneumonia benefit in at‐risk neurologically impaired population and to determine whether a mortality benefit exists.MethodsA cohort study using a large health‐system of 29,011 unique ACEi users and 1635 case patients 65 years of age or older without neurological disorders affecting swallowing who were admitted with community‐acquired pneumonia hospitalization and followed up from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 (5 years). The association between ACEi use and pneumonia hospitalization and mortality were determined after propensity score matching using Cox and logistic regression.ResultsThe experimental cohort was 74.9 ± 7.3 years and 51% were male. ACEi users had lower odds of acquiring pneumonia versus ACEi non‐users (odds ratio) 0.72 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.99]; p = 0.048. The risk of short‐term mortality (<30 days) (HR) 0.42, p < 0.001 and long‐term mortality (≥30 day) (HR) 0.83, p < 0.002 was significantly lower for ACEi users compared with the ACEi non‐users.ConclusionsACEi use in patients at risk of pneumonia without neurological swallowing disorders is associated with reduction in hospitalization and lowering of short‐ and long‐term mortality. Given the high incidence of morbidity and mortality associated with pneumonia, and the susceptibility in older populations with underlying cardiovascular or renal disease or social dependencies, our data support the prescribing of ACEi in these populations to reduce pneumonia hospitalization risk as well as short‐ and long‐term mortality.
Identification of three types of O‐glycosylated flavonoids in Dendrobium loddigesii, Dendrobium primulinum, Dendrobium crepidatum, Dendrobium porphyrochilum, and Dendrobium hancockii using mass spectrometry
Authors: Meng Yuanjun , Liang Zhiyun , Zhang Lin , Hu Li , Fu Jingran , Wei Gang , Huang Yuechun 
Published: October 2022

RationaleFlavonoids, representing the pharmacologically active ingredients, are found widely in Dendrobium species. The biodiversity of Dendrobium makes the identification of its varieties all the more complicated. Previous studies showed that C‐glycosylated flavones and a few O‐glycosylated flavonols could be used in the identification of various Dendrobium species. Accordingly, this study further explores the significance of the identification of various types of O‐glycosylated flavonoids in Dendrobium species.MethodsHigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MSn) was used to identify the chemical constituents in five types of Dendrobium: Dendrobium loddigesii, Dendrobium primulinum, Dendrobium crepidatum, Dendrobium porphyrochilum, and Dendrobium hancockii.ResultsA total of 41 O‐glycosylated flavonoids and 3 C‐glycosylated flavones were identified, among which O‐glycosylated dihydroflavones were the main flavonoids in D. loddigesii and D. primulinum, O‐Glycosylated flavonols were rich in both D. crepidatum and D. porphyrochilum characterized by the main aglycone, substituted sugars, and their structural characteristics, and O‐glycosylated flavones were the main constituents in D. hancockii.ConclusionsIn this study, three types of O‐glycosylated flavonoids in the five Dendrobium species were determined to have certain significance. This also provides a reference for the identification of other O‐glycosylated flavonoids in Chinese herbs.
Künstliche Intelligenz bei der Diagnose Seltener Erkrankungen: die Entwicklung der Phänotyp-Analyse
Authors: Krawitz Peter M. 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDurch die Analyse des Erscheinungsbildes (Phänotyp) von Patient:innen kann die Diagnostik von Seltenen Erkrankungen unterstützt werden, da bei vielen genetischen Erkrankungen charakteristische Abweichungen (Dysmorphologien) auftreten. Diese betreffen z. B. die Merkmale des Gesichts – die „faziale Gestalt“.In diesem Beitrag wird ein Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) beleuchtet, in dem es in den letzten Jahren große Fortschritte gegeben hat: die Erkennung charakteristischer Muster in medizinischen Bilddaten mittels vielschichtiger, gefalteter künstlicher neuronaler Netzwerke (Next-Generation Phenotyping – NGP). Die technischen Grundlagen der Methode werden kurz beschrieben und es wird auf die hohe Relevanz von frei zugänglichen Daten für die Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft zur Entwicklung von KI eingegangen. Des Weiteren wird erläutert, warum Entscheidungen von KI immer nachvollziehbar bleiben sollten und wie es gelingen kann, die Herausforderungen in Hinblick auf Datenschutz und Transparenz zu meistern.Zukünftig können Software-Anwendungen mit KI ärztliche Fachkräfte bei der Diagnostik von Seltenen Erkrankungen unterstützen. Das Vertrauen in den Einsatz von KI wird steigen, wenn Patient:innen ihre Datenhoheit behalten und nachvollziehen können, auf welchem Weg die Diagnose entstanden ist.
Online Survey Evaluation of Three Years of European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Educational Webinars as Part of The E‐learning Platform
Authors: Depypere Lieven P. , Novoa Nuria , Daddi Niccolò , Assouad Jalal , Agrafiotis Apostolos C. , Lauk Olivia , Decaluwé Herbert , Falcoz Pierre Emmanuel , Opitz Isabelle , Brunelli Alessandro , Batirel Hasan Fevzi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundE‐learning has become an important tool in surgical education in the last decade. The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons launched its e‐learning platform in 2013 and started its educational webinars series in 2018. The aim of this paper is to discuss the introduction, evolution and impact of the educational webinars within this e‐learning platform.MethodsTwenty‐four English spoken webinars discussing different subdomains in general thoracic surgery (21 expert talks, 2 pro‐con debates and 1 multidisciplinary case discussion) were analyzed. An online questionnaire on timing, quality and technical aspects of the webinars was sent to 3012 registrants.ResultsThe webinars reached 3128 unique registrants from 76 countries worldwide. The mean number of registrants was 355 with 171 live attendees (48%) and 155 replay watchers (36%). Hundred and twenty‐six attendees (13.1% of people who registered for at least 4 webinars) completed the questionnaire. Timing and duration of the webinars were rated “very good” to “excellent” in 78%, and the quality of the webinar content and the expertise of the webinar presenters were rated “very good” to “excellent” in 88% and 90%, respectively. The impact on knowledge and clinical practice was scored with a weighted average of 7.27 out of 10 and 6.79 out of 10, respectively.ConclusionsThe ESTS educational webinars were effective in delivering up‐to‐date knowledge to almost half of the countries around the globe. The impact of these events on knowledge and clinical practice were rated high. New e‐learning tools should be added to the surgical educational curriculum.
University students’ strategies and criteria during self-assessment: instructor’s feedback, rubrics, and year level effects
Authors: Panadero Ernesto , Pérez Daniel García , Ruiz Javier Fernández , Fraile Juan , Sánchez-Iglesias Iván , Brown Gavin T. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study explores the effects of feedback type, feedback occasion, and year level on student self-assessments in higher education. In total, 126 university students participated in this randomized experiment under three experimental conditions (i.e., rubric feedback, instructor’s written feedback, and rubric feedback plus instructor’s written feedback). Participants, after random assignment to feedback condition, were video-recorded performing a self-assessment on a writing task both before and after receiving feedback. The quality of self-assessment strategies decreased after feedback of all kinds, but the number of strategies increased for the combined feedback condition. The number of self-assessment criteria increased for rubric and combined conditions, while feedback helped shift criteria use from basic to advanced criteria. Student year level was not systematically related to changes in self-assessment after feedback. In general, the combination of rubric and instructor’s feedback produced the best effects.
A new measure for the attitude to mobility of Italian students and graduates: a topological data analysis approach
Authors: Vittorietti Martina , Giambalvo Ornella , Genova Vincenzo Giuseppe , Aiello Fabio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStudents’ and graduates’ mobility is an interesting topic of discussion especially for the Italian education system and universities. The main reasons for migration and for the so called brain drain, can be found in the socio-economic context and in the famous North–South divide. Measuring mobility and understanding its dynamic over time and space are not trivial tasks. Most of the studies in the related literature focus on the determinants of such phenomenon, in this paper, instead, combining tools coming from graph theory and Topological Data Analysis we propose a new measure for the attitude to mobility. Each mobility trajectory is represented by a graph and the importance of the features constituting the graph are evaluated over time using persistence diagrams. The attitude to mobility of the students is then ranked computing the distance between the individual persistence diagram and the theoretical persistence diagram of the stayer student. The new approach is used for evaluating the mobility of the students that in 2008 enrolled in an Italian university. The relation between attitude to mobility and the main socio-demographic variables is investigated.
Discourses of artificial intelligence in higher education: a critical literature review
Authors: Bearman Margaret , Ryan Juliana , Ajjawi Rola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) holds significant implications for higher education; however, references to AI in the literature are often vague and open to debate. In order to understand how to progress AI-related research and analysis, this critical review systematically searched top higher education journals for references to the term ‘artificial intelligence’. We reviewed definitions and conducted a discourse analysis of included texts. Our findings identify few, confusing definitions and little overt reference to AI as a research object. We delineated two Discourses. The Discourse of imperative change outlines how AI is seen as an inevitable change to which all must respond. Additionally, the Discourse of altering authority describes how texts position AI as decentring the teacher and spreading authority across staff, machines, corporations and students. Our analysis prompts a call for new research foci that attend to the social implications of AI, including tracing accountability in AI-mediated practices and exploring how AI influences learning and teaching relationships.
Digital Resilience in Dealing with Misinformation on Social Media during COVID-19
Authors: Schmid Stefka , Hartwig Katrin , Cieslinski Robert , Reuter Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to support users when dealing with social media content. Considering digital resilience, we propose a web app based on Social Network Analysis (SNA) to provide an overview of potentially misleading vs. non-misleading content on Twitter, which can be explored by users and enable foundational learning. The latter aims at systematically identifying thematic patterns which may be associated with misleading information. Additionally, it entails reflecting on indicators of misleading tweets which are proposed to approach classification of tweets. Paying special attention to non-expert users of social media, we conducted a two-step Think Aloud study for evaluation. While participants valued the opportunity to generate new knowledge and the diversity of the application, qualities such as equality and rapidity may be further improved. However, learning effects outweighed individual costs as all users were able to shift focus onto relevant features, such as hashtags, while readily pointing out content characteristics. Our design artifact connects to learning-oriented interventions regarding the spread of misleading information and tackles information overload by a SNA-based plug-in.
Rehabilitation of the P2X5 receptor: a re-evaluation of structure and function
Authors: King Brian F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOf the extended family of ATP-gated P2X ion-channels, the P2X5 receptor has received comparatively little attention since first cloned over 25 years ago. Disinterest in studying this P2X subtype stems from two commonly held beliefs: (i) canonical human P2X5 is non-functional because the P2X5 subunit is truncated (hP2X5A, 422 aa) and missing the critical peptide sequence (22 aa) encoded by exon 10; (ii) rat and mouse P2X5 subunits are fully formed (455 aa) but the receptor is only weakly functional, and successive ATP responses rapidly run down in amplitude. However, newer studies have re-evaluated these notions. First, a low proportion (around 10%) of humans possess full-length P2X5 subunits (444 aa) and can form competent P2X5 receptors. Full-length P2X5 has been identified only in black Americans, but may occur in a wider population as more ethnicities are screened. Second, replacement of one of three amino acids in rat P2X5 subunits with corresponding residues in human P2X5 subunits (V67I, S191F, or F195H) significantly improves the responsiveness of rat P2X5 to ATP. Replaced residues exert an allosteric action on the left flipper, allowing the docking jaw for ATP to flex the lower body of the subunit and fully open the ion pore. This proposed action may drive the search for naturally occurring modulators which act allosterically on wildtype rat P2X5. This review collates the available information on the structure and function of human and rat P2X5 receptors, with the view to rehabilitating the reputation of these ATP-gated ion channels and stimulating future lines of research.
Genomic alterations in a cohort of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients at two cancer centers in Colombia
Authors: Yunis Luz K. , Linares-Ballesteros Adriana , Barros Gisela , Garcia Johnny , Aponte Nelson , Niño Laura , Uribe Gloria , Quintero Edna , Perez Jaime , Martinez Leila , Yunis Juan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFew studies identifying genomic aspects in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients in Latin American countries have been reported. The aim of this study was to identify genomic alterations, clinical characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of pediatric AML patients. This descriptive observational cohort study included patients with confirmed de novo acute myeloid leukemia up to 18 years of age. Cytogenetics and conventional FISH analysis, next-generation sequencing and PCR testing were performed. The correlation of genomic data with treatment response and outcomes were analyzed. Of the 51 patients analyzed, 67.4% had a cytogenetic abnormality and 74.5% had a genetic variant. FLT3 variants (ITD or TKD D835) were found in 27.4%, followed by NRAS (21.6%), KRAS (13.7%) and WT1 and KIT (11.8%). Patients were stratified by risk (66.6% high-risk) after the end of induction. FLT3-ITD was associated with relapse (OR 11.25; CI 1.89–66.72, p 0.006) and NRAS with death during induction (OR 16.71; CI 1.51–184.59, p 0.022). Our study highlights the importance of rapid incorporation of genetic testing in pediatric AML in Colombia, as it directly affects treatment decisions and outcomes. Incorporation of targeted therapies with conventional chemotherapy is an increasingly urgent need in pediatric patients.
Temporal and spatial dynamics of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins in Swedish cereals during 16 years
Authors: Karlsson Ida , Mellqvist Eva , Persson Paula 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe analysed the dynamics of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin contamination in Swedish cereals during 2004–2018. More than 1400 cereal samples from field trials were included, collected in a monitoring programme run by the Swedish Board of Agriculture. Five Fusarium mycotoxins were quantified with LC-MS/MS and fungal DNA from four species was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. Correlation analyses revealed that deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) were mainly associated with Fusarium graminearum, but stronger correlations with F. culmorum was seen some years. Nivalenol (NIV) was associated with F. poae and the HT-2 and T-2 toxins with F. langsethiae. Clear differences in mycotoxin contamination between different cereal crops and geographical regions were identified. The highest levels of DON and ZEN were found in spring wheat in Western Sweden. For NIV, HT-2 and T-2 toxins, the levels were highest in spring oats and spring barley. Regional differences were not detected for NIV, while HT-2 and T-2 toxins were associated with the northernmost region. We found that delayed harvest was strongly associated with increased levels of DON and ZEN in several crops. However, harvest date did not influence the levels of NIV or HT-2 and T-2 toxins. Our results suggest similar distribution patterns of DON and ZEN, in contrast to NIV and HT-2 and T-2 toxins, probably mirroring the differences in the ecology of the toxin-producing Fusarium species. Timely harvest is important to reduce the risk of DON and ZEN contamination, especially for fields with other risk factors.