bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-analysis of GNSS tomography solution using the concept of spread of model resolution matrix
Authors: Adavi Z. , Weber R. , Rohm W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGNSS tropospheric tomography is one of the applications of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals which attracts more and more interest in the field of meteorology. This method can reconstruct the water vapour of the atmosphere, which has a considerable effect on weather forecasting and early warning systems of severe weather. In GNSS tomography, traditionally, a regular spaced 3D grid stretches from the GNSS network to the effective height of the troposphere in the area of interest. Therefore, this method can offer a permanent monitoring service for water vapour and wet refractivity fields at a low cost and a reasonable spatial resolution compared to conventional observations, like radiosonde and radio occultation profiles. Nevertheless, the quality of the reconstructed field is still one of the challenges in the GNSS tomography. In this research, we propose the concept of spread as a mathematical tool to provide a quality measure without using the reference field and calculating statistical measures likeRMSEandBias. Thereby, two synthetic and one real datasets (part of Germany and Czechia) covering overlapping periods between 29 May and 14 Jun of the year 2013 (DoY 149–165; DoY 160–165; DoY 160–165, 2013) have been tested to investigate the proposed method. According to the obtained results, the proposed tool shows a strong correlation (up to 0.81 for synthetic and 0.72 for real observations) with the standard deviation of the reconstructed wet refractivity with respect to the radiosonde profile reference. The correlation between spread and theBiasof the retrieved wet refractivity field is also significant. However, there is no clear picture depending on the applied spread computation models. Therefore, the spread of the resolution matrix can be used as a proxy for the accuracy of the tomography reconstruction field based on the quality of the observations, the initial field, and the design matrix.
Assessment of multiple mycotoxin exposure and its association with food consumption: a human biomonitoring study in a pregnant cohort in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kyei Nicholas N. A. , Cramer Benedikt , Humpf Hans-Ulrich , Degen Gisela H. , Ali Nurshad , Gabrysch Sabine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) are mycotoxins that may contaminate diets, especially in low-income settings, with potentially severe health consequences. This study investigates the exposure of 439 pregnant women in rural Bangladesh to 35 mycotoxins and their corresponding health risks and links their exposure to certain foods and local stimulants. Overall, 447 first-morning urine samples were collected from pregnant women between July 2018 and November 2019. Mycotoxin biomarkers were quantified by DaS-HPLC–MS/MS. Urinary concentration of frequently occurring mycotoxins was used to estimate dietary mycotoxin exposure. Median regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the consumption of certain foods and local stimulants, and urinary concentration of frequently occurring mycotoxins. Only in 17 of 447 urine samples (4%) were none of the investigated mycotoxins detected. Biomarkers for six major mycotoxins (AFs, CIT, DON, FB1, OTA, and ZEN) were detected in the urine samples. OTA (95%), CIT (61%), and DON (6%) were most frequently detected, with multiple mycotoxins co-occurring in 281/447 (63%) of urine samples. Under the lowest exposure scenario, dietary exposure to OTA, CIT, and DON was of public health concern in 95%, 16%, and 1% of the pregnant women, respectively. Consumption of specific foods and local stimulants—betel nut, betel leaf, and chewing tobacco—were associated with OTA, CIT, and DON urine levels. In conclusion, exposure to multiple mycotoxins during early pregnancy is widespread in this rural community and represents a potential health risk for mothers and their offspring.
Convergent adaptive hybrid higher-order schemes for convex minimization
Authors: Carstensen Carsten , Tran Ngoc Tien 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes two convergent adaptive mesh-refining algorithms for the hybrid high-order method in convex minimization problems with two-sided p-growth. Examples include the p-Laplacian, an optimal design problem in topology optimization, and the convexified double-well problem. The hybrid high-order method utilizes a gradient reconstruction in the space of piecewise Raviart–Thomas finite element functions without stabilization on triangulations into simplices or in the space of piecewise polynomials with stabilization on polytopal meshes. The main results imply the convergence of the energy and, under further convexity properties, of the approximations of the primal resp. dual variable. Numerical experiments illustrate an efficient approximation of singular minimizers and improved convergence rates for higher polynomial degrees. Computer simulations provide striking numerical evidence that an adopted adaptive HHO algorithm can overcome the Lavrentiev gap phenomenon even with empirical higher convergence rates.
Gaslieferungen aus Russland können kurzfristig nicht kompensiert werden
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Küper Malte , Schaefer Thilo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs Russia’s invasion of Ukraine continues, more and more people are calling for a ban on Russian energy imports. The proponents argue that abstaining from importing billions worth of coal, oil and gas will further increase the pressure on the Kremlin. Critics, however, including German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, warn of what they believe to be incalculable consequences, with the gas supply being particularly at risk. This article outlines the different options for substituting Russian coal, oil, and especially gas and explains why the wait-and-see attitude of the German government towards a complete import ban is understandable.
A semiotic perspective on polysemy
Authors: Priss Uta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper extends Semiotic-Conceptual Analysis (SCA) to provide a means for comparing and evaluating semiotic relations (i.e. sets of signs) with respect to their ability of and efficiency of expressing conceptual structures. One contributing factor for efficiency is polysemy which refers to reusing representamens of signs in different contexts. Two different types of polysemy are identified: ambiguous polysemy which encodes a view from part signs to compound signs and simultaneous polysemy for analysing how compound signs simultaneously denote more than one meaning. Two detailed examples are included.
Dietary behavior and urinary gallic acid concentration differences among underserved elder racial and ethnic minorities in New York City
Authors: Zambrano Cristina N. , Lu Wenyue , Johnson Cicely , Beeber Maayan , Panitz April , Ibrahim Safa , Fraser Marilyn , Ma Grace X. , Navder Khursheed , Yeh Ming-Chin , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeDiet and nutrition are important for cancer prevention. To investigate associations between dietary behavior, demographics, and risk of cancer, we assessed dietary behavior and urinary concentration of gallic acid, a polyphenol with anticancer properties found in various fruits and vegetables, in racial and ethnic minorities.MethodsNinety-one (91) participants were recruited from senior centers in East Harlem, New York City, a racially diverse and underserved community. A National Institute of Health (NIH)—validated dietary survey questionnaire—was used to collect dietary fruits and vegetables consumption data. Demographic and cancer information were also collected. All 91 participants completed the survey and forty-five (45) participants provided urine samples for gallic acid analysis.ResultsGender differences were significantly associated with dietary behavior and urinary gallic acid concentration (UGAC). Female participants had a higher total daily intake of fruits and a significantly higher UGAC compared to male participants (p < 0.05). Age was negatively associated with the serving quantity of French fries/fried potatoes and white potatoes (p < 0.05), while positively associated with the daily intake frequency and daily intake of fruits (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Asian race was associated with higher daily intake frequencies of fruits and vegetable soup (p < 0.05), compared to other races. In a multivariate analysis, a significant association was observed between the serving quantities of fruits and other vegetables and UGAC (p < 0.05) after controlling for demographic characteristics.ConclusionThe observed differences in dietary behavior and UGAC in this study provide limited information on the association between demographic differences and cancer prevalence in elder racial and ethnic minorities. Future research should investigate this association further for potential implications in cancer prevention.
Epistemo-ethical constraints on AI-human decision making for diagnostic purposes
Authors: Babushkina Dina , Votsis Athanasios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper approaches the interaction of a health professional with an AI system for diagnostic purposes as a hybrid decision making process and conceptualizes epistemo-ethical constraints on this process. We argue for the importance of the understanding of the underlying machine epistemology in order to raise awareness of and facilitate realistic expectations from AI as a decision support system, both among healthcare professionals and the potential benefiters (patients). Understanding the epistemic abilities and limitations of such systems is essential if we are to integrate AI into the decision making processes in a way that takes into account its applicability boundaries. This will help to mitigate potential harm due to misjudgments and, as a result, to raise the trust—understood here as a belief in reliability of—in the AI system. We aim at a minimal requirement for AI meta-explanation which should distinguish machine epistemic processes from similar processes in human epistemology in order to avoid confusion and error in judgment and application. An informed approach to the integration of AI systems into the decision making for diagnostic purposes is crucial given its high impact on health and well-being of patients.
Fabrication of Ploy (Meth Acrylamide)-Chitosan Nanoparticles Graft Copolymer Using Potassium Chromate/Mandelic Acid Redox Pair for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Mostafa Kh M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnreported graft copolymer of Meth Acrylamide (MAam) and our previously prepared and fully characterized chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) as a starting substrate has been synthesized under nitrogen atmosphere using potassium chromate /mandelic acid as unique redox pair. This was done to see the impact of both CNPs with respect to well-dispersed nano sized particles, large surface areas, biodegradability and reactivity, MAam as highly reactive nitrogen containing monomer and the aforementioned novel redox pair with respect to a notable reduction in polymerization temperature for enhancing the graft yield %. The effect of reaction conditions on the graft yield % has been deliberated with respect to CNPs, MAam, potassium chromate, mandelic and sulphuric acids concentration in addition to polymerization time and temperature. The resultant copolymer has been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis. The results obtained reflect the following findings for the resultant copolymers in comparison with CNPs counterpart; (a) higher thermal stability (b) higher graft yield % obtained when [CNPs] 1.0 g, [potassium chromate] 100 mmol/l, [Mandeic acid], 80 mmol/l, [suphuric acid], 100 mmol/l, [MAam], 150% bows, reaction time, 120 min., and reaction temperature, 45 °C were used, (c) higher mercury ions scavenging activity and % removal when different dosage and extent of grafting of the copolymer are used up to the level required for industrial application, (d) recovered by washing the mercury ions from the complex with weak acid 1 N HNO3 (pH 2) and its metal-binding activity was slightly bargain by this process, and (e) a preliminary mechanism representing all occasions that occur during the polymerization reaction has been projected.
Experiences Related to Patients and Families’ Expression of Spiritual Needs or Spiritual Support Within Healthcare Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Connolly Michael , Timmins Fiona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this review was to explore the evidence surrounding patients and families’ expression of spirituality, spiritual needs or spiritual support within healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of nursing practice. While there is a plethora of research and publications related to COVID-19 and there are reports of increasing attention to nurses’ psychological distress, there is little understanding of experiences related to patients’ expression of spirituality, spiritual needs or spiritual support within healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted to search and select potential studies and undertake data extraction and synthesis. Twenty-one studies published between March 2020 and August 2021 were identified. Themes and subthemes that emerged from analysis of the studies included spiritual needs, new awareness of spiritual needs and spiritual interventions, chaplaincy referrals, and improved well-being. The potential requirement for spiritual care during these times has anecdotally never been greater. At the same time the existent ethical challenges persist, and nurses remain reticent about the topic of spirituality. This is evident from the clear lack of attention to this domain within the published nursing literature and a limited focus on spiritual care interventions or the experiences and spiritual needs of patients and their families. Greater attention is needed internationally to improve nurses’ competence to provide spiritual care and to develop and advance nursing and research practice in the field of spiritual care.
Rhizosphere models: their concepts and application to plant-soil ecosystems
Authors: Kuppe Christian W. , Schnepf Andrea , von Lieres Eric , Watt Michelle , Postma Johannes A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The rhizosphere is the influence-sphere of the root. It is a local ecosystem with complex functions that determine nutrient uptake, cycling of resources, and plant health. Mathematical models can quantitatively explain and help to understand rhizosphere complexity. To interpret model predictions and relevance of processes, we require understanding of the underlying concepts. Conceptualization of rhizosphere processes bridges mathematical modeling and experimental work and thus is key to understanding the rhizosphere.

Scope
We review concepts and assumptions foundational to the modeling of soil-plant-microorganism processes in the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere models are designed to simulate a plurality of components (solutes, substrates, and microorganisms). They specify components and interactions, drawing from the disciplines of soil science, botany, microbiology, and ecology. Solute transport models are applied to describe bioavailability in the rhizosphere. The root is typically a sink (e.g. nutrient uptake) or source (e.g. exudation) for one or more solutes. Microorganisms are usually described in time only, neglecting possible spatial movement. Interactions between components, e.g. chemical reactions and substrate-dependent bacterial growth rates, are usually described by coupling via reaction terms.

Conclusions
Rhizosphere models share concepts that we organized in a collective framework. This collective framework facilitates the development of new models. The interdisciplinary approach in which knowledge from soil ecology, botany, and soil physics are combined in rhizosphere models has proven fruitful for applications in plant and soil systems. We advocate multi-component-multi-interaction ecosystems around the root, with each component represented by an advection-diffusion-motility-reaction equation.
Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study
Authors: Lebedinski Lara , Perugini Cristiano , Vladisavljević Marko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the child penalty in Russia using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) and the methodological framework of event studies. We find that five years after childbirth, women suffer an earnings penalty, while no effect is observed for men. The mothers’ penalty stems exclusively from lower employment after childbirth. Contrary to similar studies on Western Europe and the US, we do not find penalties in terms of working hours or hourly wage rates for women who remain in the labour force. We further find that mothers’ employment penalty is strongly driven by household characteristics and by their spouses’ beliefs. Finally, we find that parenthood decreases the probability of working in supervisory positions for mothers and in the public sector for fathers.
Modeling the obsolescence of research literature in disciplinary journals through the age of their cited references
Authors: Dorta-González Pablo , Gómez-Déniz Emilio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere are different citation habits in the research fields that influence the obsolescence of the research literature. We analyze the distinctive obsolescence of research literature in disciplinary journals in eight scientific subfields based on cited references distribution, as a synchronous approach. We use both negative binomial (NB) and Poisson distributions to capture this obsolescence. The corpus being examined is published in 2019 and covers 22,559 papers citing 872,442 references. Moreover, three measures to analyze the tail of the distribution are proposed: (i) cited reference survival rate, (ii) cited reference mortality rate, and (iii) cited reference percentile. These measures are interesting because the tail of the distribution collects the behavior of the citations at the time when the document starts to get obsolete in the sense that it is little cited (used). As main conclusion, the differences observed in obsolescence are so important even between disciplinary journals in the same subfield, that it would be necessary to use some measure for the tail of the citation distribution, such as those proposed in this paper, when analyzing in an appropriate way the long time impact of a journal.
Narratives and mental health in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mendes Marcelo Simões 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rise in the flow of narratives is directly associated with technological advances in communication. In pandemic times, the narratives have produced profound consequences in many dimensions of human life, such as individuals' belief systems. Narratives operate as a background of the self's functioning and present substantial importance to personality development. On the other side, narratives can influence the functioning of the self's disorders. It occurs when narratives do not respect a hierarchical belief system in the individuals. The disrespect to the central beliefs that operate in the individuals' personalities often fosters a psychosomatic process that distances them from authentic contact with themselves. Consequently, it enhances mental suffering and psychic illness. The current paper aimed to discuss some intersections between narratives and states of psychic suffering.
Key lessons and strategies for implementing single IRB review in the Trial Innovation Network
Authors: Johnson Ann R. , Kasimatis Singleton Megan , Ozier Julie , Serdoz Emily , Beadles Jennifer G. , Maddox-Regis Janelle , Mumford Sarah , Burr Jeri , Dean J. Michael , Ford Daniel E. , Bernard Gordon R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Trial Innovation Network has established an infrastructure for single IRB review in response to federal policies. The Network’s single IRB (sIRBs) have successfully supported over 70 multisite studies via more than 800 reliance arrangements. This has generated several lessons learned that can benefit the national clinical research enterprise, as we work to improve the conduct of clinical trials. These lessons include distinguishing the roles of the single IRB from institutional Human Research Protections programs, establishing a consistent sIRB review model, standardizing collection of local context and supplemental, study-specific information, and educating and empowering lead study teams to support their sites.
Hospital-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients of two acute-care hospitals: Implications for surveillance
Authors: Trick William E. , Santos Carlos A. Q. , Welbel Sharon , Tseng Marion , Zhang Huiyuan , Donceras Onofre , Martinez Ashley I. , Lin Michael Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectives:We quantified hospital-acquired coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the early phases of the pandemic, and we evaluated solely temporal determinations of hospital acquisition.Design:Retrospective observational study during early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, March 1–November 30, 2020. We identified laboratory-detected severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 30 days before admission through discharge. All cases detected after hospital day 5 were categorized by chart review as community or unlikely hospital-acquired cases, or possible or probable hospital-acquired cases.Setting:The study was conducted in 2 acute-care hospitals in Chicago, Illinois.Patients:The study included all hospitalized patients including an inpatient rehabilitation unit.Interventions:Each hospital implemented infection-control precautions soon after identifying COVID-19 cases, including patient and staff cohort protocols, universal masking, and restricted visitation policies.Results:Among 2,667 patients with SARS-CoV-2, detection before hospital day 6 was most common (n = 2,612; 98%); detection during hospital days 6–14 was uncommon (n = 43; 1.6%); and detection after hospital day 14 was rare (n = 16; 0.6%). By chart review, most cases after day 5 were categorized as community acquired, usually because SARS-CoV-2 had been detected at a prior healthcare facility (68% of cases on days 6–14 and 53% of cases after day 14). The incidence rates of possible and probable hospital-acquired cases per 10,000 patient days were similar for ICU- and non-ICU patients at hospital A (1.2 vs 1.3 difference, 0.1; 95% CI, −2.8 to 3.0) and hospital B (2.8 vs 1.2 difference, 1.6; 95% CI, −0.1 to 4.0).Conclusions:Most patients were protected by early and sustained application of infection-control precautions modified to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Using solely temporal criteria to discriminate hospital versus community acquisition would have misclassified many “late onset” SARS-CoV-2–positive cases.
The classification of nouns (nāma) in Buddhaghosa
Authors: Visigalli Paolo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper provides the first detailed analysis of the models for classing nouns found in the early Pali exegetical texts traditionally assigned to the fifth-century monk-scholar Buddhaghosa. It identifies three fourfold models and argues that: (a) each model has a distinctive distribution; (b) the original occurrence in each model serves a specific purpose, which can be identified through studying the relation between these original occurrences and their respective context; (c) Buddhaghosa did not invent these models but repurposed pre-existing models to fit specific exegetical needs; (d) Buddhaghosa's reuse of these inherited models is consistent with his view expressed elsewhere that Pali is a sacred, perfect language; and (e) in developing these models, the unknown authors combined influences from the Pali canon and Sanskrit grammatical sources. Finally, I briefly consider whether studying the models sheds new light on the early history of Pali grammar.