bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration Behaviors and Educational Attainment of Metro and Non‐Metro Youth☆
Authors: Li Xiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile research has consistently demonstrated a positive relationship between migration from rural areas and educational attainment, it is unclear whether migration is the driver of educational attainment or merely a mediator. The “rural brain drain” perspective suggests that young people leave rural areas if they have greater academic potential than their peers. A “migration gain” perspective implies that people, regardless of prior achievements, may move to invest in human capital, thereby gaining more education than those who do not move. This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 97 to test these competing predictions with multilevel/mixed‐effects models. Consistent with previous research, the study found that youth attained the least education if they stayed in non‐metro areas. By contrast, they gained more education if they moved not just from but also to non‐metro areas, consistent with the “migration gain” hypothesis. Academic performance alone did not explain the association between education and migration, contradicting the “rural brain drain” theory. However, academic performance and college enrollment, which are also influenced by available educational opportunities, together explain the association between migration and education significantly, suggesting that the educational outcomes of migrants are influenced by a combination of individual and institutional characteristics.
Nature‐based interventions to promote health for people with stress‐related illness: An integrative review
Authors: Johansson Gunilla , Juuso Päivi , Engström Åsa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundStress‐related illness is increasing and is a common cause of sick leave. Spending time in nature have a positive effect on health and well‐being for instance by reducing stress. Specific programmes with nature‐based interventions (NBI) with the intention to involve people in activities in a supportive natural environment have been developed for people with stress‐related illness.AimTo identify and summarise scientific studies of NBIs to promote health for people with stress‐related illness.MethodThe design used in this study is integrative literature review. Scientific studies focusing on any type of NBI for people with stress‐related illness were sought in Cinahl, PubMed, PsycInfo, AMED and Scopus. In total, 25 studies using both qualitative and quantitative designs were included in the review.ResultThe reviewed studies focused on garden or forest interventions. In the majority of the studies, NBIs were performed in groups, including individual activities, and the length of programmes varied. Interventions in natural environments have unique qualities for individualised, meaningful activities and interactions with others in a non‐demanding atmosphere. NBIs offer restoration that reduces stress, improves health and well‐being and strengthen self‐efficacy and work ability. Connectedness with nature support existential reflections and people with stress‐related illness can achieve balance in everyday life.ConclusionIn conclusion, NBIs may have advantages to promote health for people with stress‐related illness and should therefore be considered as an alternative to those affected. Further research from different perspectives, including nursing, is needed to understand the possibilities of NBIs and how they can be integrated into practice.
Trading disaster: Containers and container thinking in the production of climate precarity
Authors: Parsons Laurie , Safra de Campos Ricardo , Moncaster Alice , Cook Ian , Siddiqui Tasneem , Abenayake Chethika , Jayasinghe Amila Buddhika , Mishra Pratik , Billah Tamim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how global trade shapes and intensifies disasters. Juxtaposing three basic, everyday consumer goods – a t‐shirt, a brick, and a tea bag – with disasters manifesting in their respective global supply chains, it highlights how climate change, local environmental degradation, and carbon emissions are dynamically shaped by consumption. Analysis of data collected in South and Southeast Asia reveals that local environmental degradation linked to international trade interacts with global climate change and the policies intended to mitigate it, influencing how and where disasters manifest. Underpinning this analysis is the physical and conceptual presence of the container. With more and more of the natural environment packaged and redistributed for global trade, the container thinking that underpins these logistics is increasingly imbricated in environmental processes. Indeed, as this paper aims to show, the container logic that frames analysis of these processes – linked to and drawn from the logistics of global trade – serves as both obfuscator and actor in the global landscape of environmental risk.
Sustainable Creativity: Overcoming the Challenge of Scale When Repurposing Wind-Turbine Blades
Authors: Arabian K. , Shu L.H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the growing adoption of wind-energy technology to help address climate change, we must now also consider the disposition of retired wind-turbine blades, which are not easily recycled. This pressing environmental problem was used as the prompt in a creativity study, where participants were asked to identify potential reuses in a wind-turbine-blade repurposing task (WRT). In past iterations of this study, participants consistently struggled with correctly incorporating the large physical size of wind-turbine blades in their reuse concepts. The Alternate Uses Task (AUT) is an established measure of creativity that involves asking participants to identify uses for common objects like bricks and paper clips. The current work explored whether an AUT can be adapted as an intervention to help overcome the WRT scale challenge so that the appropriateness of reuse concepts can be improved. Students in a fourth-year undergraduate engineering-design course (N = 28) underwent both of two conditions, a scaled-AUT intervention and a typical-AUT control, before the WRT. The results support that a main difficulty with the WRT is object size. Both fluency and flexibility (number and categories of ideas) for the relatively common AUT objects were significantly lower in the scaled AUT than in the typical AUT. However, correctly scaled WRT concepts significantly increased after the scaled AUT, supporting the intervention's effectiveness. While motivated by the real-world problem that decommissioned wind-turbine blades present, the current work focuses on conceptual design and creativity, where incorporating real-world problems may provide value beyond more typical AUTs, which have fewer real-world applications. Thus, for future work, the WRT is proposed as a standard design-study task whose solutions help address a real-world problem.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department attendances for young people
Authors: Solanke Folasade , Easton Stephanie , Selby Anna , James David , Roberts Graham 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThere are concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic is having an indirect negative impact on young people. We aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on emergency department (ED) presentations and admissions.DesignWe analysed ED presentations and admissions from a 5-year period (April 2016–February 2021). An interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate the presentations and admissions that would have been seen in year 5 without the pandemic using the data from years 1 to 4. These estimations were used to calculate the difference between the expected and the observed presentations and admissions during the pandemic year.ResultsThere were 166 459 presentations over 5 years. There was a 38.1% (95% CI 33.9% to 42.3%) reduction in presentations during the pandemic with no variation by sex, age, deprivation or ethnicity. Largest reductions were associated with children being home schooled rather than with lockdowns. For admissions, there was a 23.4% (17.4% to 29.4%) reduction, less for 5–17 year age group. Infection and asthma/wheeze presentations reduced by around 60% with smaller reductions for mental health and trauma. There was no change for surgical presentations, burns/scolds or allergic reactions. There was an increase in females aged 11–17 years presenting with mental health issues during the pandemic.ConclusionsDuring the pandemic, there was a substantial reduction in both ED presentations and admissions. The differential impact on specific presentations suggests this was due to the impact of social distancing and reduced social mixing rather than widening of health inequality or increased barriers to care.Trial registration numberNCT04893122.
Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on perinatal activity in Yorkshire and the Humber region during 2020: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Morgan Andrei Scott , Bradford Charlotte , Farrow Hilary , Draper Elizabeth S , Harrison Cath 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of public health measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal health indicators.DesignInterrupted time series analysis comparing periods of the pandemic with the previous 5 years.SettingYorkshire and the Humber region, England (2015–2020).Main outcome measuresRelative risk (RR) of stillbirth, extreme preterm (EPT, <27 weeks’ gestational age) delivery, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), antenatal transfer for threatened EPT delivery and postnatal transfer for EPT birth, HIE or MAS.ResultsStillbirths fell from 3.7/1000 deliveries prepandemic to 2.9/1000 afterwards; EPT births decreased from 2.5/1000 to 1.8/1000 live births. Following adjustment, during the first lockdown there were decreased antenatal transfers (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.94) with non-statistically significant increased stillbirth (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.51) and decreased EPT admissions (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.60 to 1.29). Over the entire pandemic period, antenatal transfer (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.76) and EPT birth (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.94) decreased; stillbirths showed non-statistically significant increases overall (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.49) but with increasing trend through the pandemic (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.22). No changes were seen for HIE, MAS, postnatal transfers or in subgroup analyses by ethnicity.ConclusionsLower rates of antenatal transfer and extreme preterm birth were identified, alongside an apparent increase in stillbirth over time. The findings provide evidence that effects on perinatal activity related to the pandemic changed over time.
Clinical outcomes of preterm infants while using automated controllers during standard care: comparison of cohorts with different automated titration strategies
Authors: Salverda Hylke H , Beelen Dianthe M L , Cramer Sophie J E , Pauws Steffen C , Schalij-Delfos Nicoline , te Pas Arjan B 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo compare short-term clinical outcome after using two different automated oxygen controllers (OxyGenie and CLiO2).DesignPropensity score-matched retrospective observational study.SettingTertiary-level neonatal unit in the Netherlands.PatientsPreterm infants (OxyGenie n=121, CLiO2n=121) born between 24+0–29+6 weeks of gestation. Median (IQR) gestational age in the OxyGenie cohort was 28+3 (26+3.5–29+0) vs 27+5 (26+5–28+3) in the CLiO2cohort, respectively 42% and 46% of infants were male and mean (SD) birth weight was 1034 (266) g vs 1022 (242) g.InterventionsInspired oxygen was titrated by OxyGenie (SLE6000) or CLiO2(AVEA) during respiratory support.Main outcome measuresMortality, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotising enterocolitis.ResultsFewer infants in the OxyGenie group received laser coagulation for ROP (1 infant vs 10; risk ratio 0.1 (95% CI 0.0 to 0.7); p=0.008), and infants stayed shorter in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (28 (95% CI 15 to 42) vs 40 (95% CI 25 to 61) days; median difference 13.5 days (95% CI 8.5 to 19.5); p<0.001). Infants in the OxyGenie group had fewer days on continuous positive airway pressure (8.4 (95% CI 4.8 to 19.8) days vs 16.7 (95% CI 6.3 to 31.1); p<0.001) and a significantly shorter days on invasive ventilation (0 (95% CI 0 to 4.2) days vs 2.1 (95% CI 0 to 8.4); p=0.012). There were no statistically significant differences in all other morbidities.ConclusionsIn this propensity score-matched retrospective study, the OxyGenie epoch was associated with less morbidity when compared with the CLiO2epoch. There were significantly fewer infants that received treatment for ROP, received less intensive respiratory support and, although there were more supplemental oxygen days, the duration of stay in the NICU was shorter. A larger study will have to replicate these findings.
Do you know when the inhaler is empty?
Authors: Fullwood I , Evans T , Davies Benjamin , Ninan T , Onyon C , Clarke J , Srikanthiah Rajesh , Frost Susan , Iqbal N , Atkinson M , Rao Satish , Nagakumar Prasad 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMedication review is recommended at asthma appointments. The presence of propellant in the metered dose inhalers (MDIs) makes it challenging to identify when the inhaler is empty. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in move towards more virtual monitoring of care. We aimed to evaluate if patients identify when the inhaler is empty and the method of inhaler disposal.MethodsProspective, multicentre quality improvement project. Data collected from children with asthma and other respiratory conditions.Outcome measuresChildren/carers attending hospital were asked how they identify an empty salbutamol inhaler; dose counters in the preventer inhalers and disposal practices were reviewed.Results157 patients recruited. 125 (73.5%) patients deemed an empty inhaler as either full/partially full. 12 of 66 (18.2%) preventer inhalers with a dose counter were empty. 83% disposed their inhalers in a dustbin.ConclusionsPatients cannot reliably identify when their MDI is empty. There is an urgent need for improving inhaler technology and providing appropriate guidance on how to identify when an MDI is empty.
Use of a B-cell depleting regimen for antifactor H autoantibody-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a paediatric patient
Authors: Henderson Sarah , Ardill Rosalyn , Reynolds Ben , Kavanagh David 
Published: May 2022

A male child presented initially well with a mixed nephrotic–nephritic syndrome and was commenced on standard high-dose oral corticosteroids. Clinical deterioration occurred 3 weeks later with rapidly progressing renal dysfunction, seizures and diminished urinary output, requiring renal replacement therapy. Once stabilised, renal biopsy demonstrated mesangial and capillary C3, minimal IgG deposition, with mesangial electron dense deposits felt consistent with postinfectious glomerulonephritis or C3 glomerulopathy. Further investigations identified circulating autoantibody directed against factor H, as a plausible aetiology of the membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Treatment with rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil was associated with a reduction in antibody titres and a concurrent reduction in proteinuria and normalisation of renal function.Subsequent monitoring of antibody titres prompted further administrations of rituximab, with reduction in titres demonstrated after repeat doses. Atypical presentations or complications of nephrotic syndrome or MPGN should prompt detailed investigations for the cause with consideration of antifactor H antibodies.
Papillitis and uveitis complicating Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy
Authors: Toohey Thomas P , Wallace Sharon , Toohey Michael G , Francis Ian C 
Published: May 2022

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration was used to treat bladder carcinoma in a woman in her 60s. Severe bilateral non-granulomatous anterior uveitis and gross papillitis developed subsequently. The severe BCG-induced bilateral uveitis and papillitis were treated with high dose oral corticosteroids, with topical steroids and cycloplegics. Resolution of her ocular symptoms and signs eventuated. On lumbar puncture, no evidence of systemic spread of the BCG was found. Visual acuity returned to 6/9 in each eye with subsequent resolution of papillitis. Repeat cystoscopy demonstrated no evidence of recurrent bladder tumour.Hypersensitivity reactions are well recognised withTubercle bacilli. While both hypersensitivity reactions and dissemination of BCG throughout the body have been previously documented, the literature demonstrates that this case is the first example in which papillitis and bilateral uveitis were the prominent ophthalmological features.
Rhombencephalomyelitis due to possible paraneoplastic syndrome associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Valappil Ashraf , Radhakrishnan Nair Ragesh , Madhusoodhanan Sudha , Narendran Anoop 
Published: May 2022

We report a unique case of rhombencephalomyelitis with unclear aetiology, diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) on follow-up.A woman in her 50s was presented with gait difficulty, dysarthria, left Horner’s syndrome and left trigeminal sensory loss. MRI of the brain revealed an enhanced T2 and fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense lesion at the cervico-medullary junction, suggesting rhombencephalomyelitis. The initial differential diagnosis included demyelination, other inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis, Behcet’s disease and paraneoplastic syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, neuromyelitis optica antibodies, vasculitis work-up, onconeural antibody panel and whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scan were all unrevealing, and she was kept under close follow-up. After 18 months, she developed a prolonged fever and was diagnosed with HL. Rhombencephalomyelitis as a HL-associated paraneoplastic syndrome has not been reported in the literature. This case report highlights the importance of serial screening for occult malignancy in patients with suspected paraneoplastic syndrome.
Multimodal imaging of congenital retinal macrovessel with secondary foveal hypoplasia
Authors: Kohli Piyush , Mishra Chitaranjan , Baliga Girish , Rajan Renu P 
Published: May 2022

Congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) is defined as a large aberrant blood vessel that traverses through the central macula. It can have large tributaries extending on both sides of the horizontal raphe. The condition is typically asymptomatic. However, visual loss may be reported in case of associated branch retinal artery occlusion, cavernous haemangioma, retinal artery macroaneurysm, retinal deep capillary ischaemia, retinal detachment and vitreous haemorrhage. However, association of CRM and foveal hypoplasia has rarely been reported.We report multimodal imaging in a patient who was presented with visual loss due to foveal hypoplasia secondary to CRM.
Factors associated with glaucoma-specific quality of life in a US glaucoma clinic in a pilot implementation of an online computerised adaptive test (GlauCAT)
Authors: Halawa Omar A , Roldan Ana M , Meshkin Ryan S , Zebardast Nazlee , Fenwick Eva K , Lamoureux Ecosse Luc , Friedman David S 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesMeasure quality of life (QoL) outcomes using a novel computerised adaptive test in a clinical setting, and determine the social and demographic factors associated with specific QoL domains in patients with glaucoma.DesignCross-sectional study between July 2020 and April 2021.ParticipantsEnglish-speaking adults presenting to glaucoma clinic. Patients with cognitive impairment on a six-item cognitive impairment screen or with intraocular surgery within 90 days prior to presentation were excluded.ResultsOf 206 patients surveyed, mean age was 64.8 years (SD 15.2), 122 (56.7%) were female and 159 (74.7%) were white. On multivariable regression, visual acuity was associated with greater activity limitation (β=−2.8 points, 95% CI −3.8 to –1.8, p<0.001) and worse mobility (β=−2.1 points, 95% CI −3.2 to –0.9, p<0.001), while poorer visual field (VF) mean deviation was associated with lower scores on the emotional well-being domain (β=−2.4 points, 95% CI −4.6 to –0.3, p=0.03). Glaucoma suspects and those with early VF defects had higher QoL scores than those with severe glaucoma in the following domains: activity limitation (88.5±14.6 vs 74.3±21.9, respectively, p<0.001), mobility (91.0±12.5 vs 80.0±25.3, respectively, p=0.005) and concerns domains (82.2±13.9 vs 72.5 5±18.9, respectively, p=0.01).ConclusionsIn a busy glaucoma clinic where QoL was measured with online adaptive tests for glaucoma, we found that several demographic and clinical variables are associated with lower domain scores, suggesting that patients with predisposing demographic and clinical factors are at a higher risk of worse QoL.
Effects of exercise training on the cognitive function of older adults with different types of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Balbim Guilherme Moraes , Falck Ryan S , Barha Cindy K , Starkey Samantha Y , Bullock Alexis , Davis Jennifer C , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of exercise training on the cognitive function of older adults living with different types of dementia, as well as potential moderators of exercise efficacy.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesCochrane Central, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline and CINAHL.Eligibility criteriaPeer-reviewed, randomised controlled trials, in English (1990–present), which examined the effects of exercise training on the cognitive function of older adults living with dementia.Study appraisal and synthesisRisk of bias and study quality were assessed (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 and Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale). We performed random-effects models using robust variance estimation and tested moderators using the approximate Hotelling-Zhang test.ResultsTwenty-eight studies (n=2158) were included in the qualitative review and 25 in the meta-analysis. For all-cause dementia, a small effect of exercise training on cognitive function was observed (g=0.19; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.33; p=0.009). Type of dementia and exercise training characteristics did not moderate the effects of exercise training on cognitive function (p>0.05). Adherence to the intervention moderated the cognitive outcome effect size such that greater mean adherence was associated with greater cognitive outcome effect sizes (b=0.02;SE=0.01; p=0.005).ConclusionExercise training showed small benefits for the cognitive function of older adults living with all-cause dementia. More research and standardised reporting of exercise training characteristics can strengthen the evidence for what works best for which types of dementia.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198716.
When do people with abdominal symptoms need a fast track referral?
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz , Herbert Annie , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: May 2022

The studyHerbert A, Rafiq M, Pham TM, et al. Predictive values for different cancers and inflammatory bowel disease of 6 common abdominal symptoms among more than 1.9 million primary care patients in the UK: a cohort study.PLoS Med2021:18;e1003708.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/combining-risks-cancer-and-ibd-allows-more-fast-track-referrals/