bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer and warmer prewinter periods reduce post‐winter fitness in a diapausing insect
Authors: Nielsen Matthew E. , Lehmann Philipp , Gotthard Karl 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Diapause is considered an important adaptation for survival of winter; however, insects often enter diapause long before its onset. Thus, diapausing insects must also be able to survive these prewinter conditions which warm temperatures could make quite energetically taxing despite relative inactivity.

We tested for both immediate and delayed fitness effects of prewinter conditions in diapausing Pieris napi butterfly pupae, experimentally exposing them to different prewinter treatments in a factorial design. We placed diapausing pupae at one of three temperatures (15, 20 and 25°C) for 1 to 16 weeks, followed by the same standardized winter for all individuals.

We monitored survival of pupae at multiple points during the experiment, including after winter, as well as their change in mass. For a subset of individuals, we also made repeated metabolic measurements.

We found substantial weight loss during prewinter warm periods, greater during longer prewinter treatments at higher temperatures. This weight loss was associated with elevated metabolic rates at higher temperatures which increased over the duration of the prewinter treatment.

Although we found little prewinter mortality associated with these conditions, mortality was much greater post‐winter for individuals in long, warm prewinter treatments and the dry mass of adults that did survive these conditions was lower, highlighting the need to understand chronic or delayed effects of stress on fitness.

Ultimately, we found substantial fitness consequences of prewinter conditions for a diapausing insect. Given that climate change will make these prewinter periods both longer and more intense, it will be important to understand how dormant organisms tolerate or reduce the length of these dormant, inactive periods.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effects of a Medicaid dental coverage “cliff” on dental care access among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Roberts Eric T. , Mellor Jennifer M. , McInerny Melissa P. , Sabik Lindsay M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate how an abrupt drop‐off, or “cliff,” in Medicaid dental coverage affects access to dental care among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries. Medicaid is an important source of dental insurance for low‐income Medicare beneficiaries, but beneficiaries whose incomes slightly exceed eligibility thresholds for Medicaid have fewer affordable options for dental coverage, resulting in a dental coverage cliff above these thresholds.Data SourceMedicare Current Beneficiary Surveys (MCBS) from 2016 to 2019.Study DesignWe used a regression discontinuity design to evaluate effects of this dental coverage cliff. This study design exploited an abrupt difference in Medicaid coverage above income eligibility thresholds in the Medicaid program for elderly and disabled populations.Data CollectionThe study included low‐income community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries surveyed in the MCBS whose incomes, measured in percentage points of the federal poverty level, were within ±75 percentage points of state‐specific Medicaid income eligibility thresholds (n = 7508 respondent‐years, which when weighted represented 26,776,719 beneficiary‐years).Principal FindingsMedicare beneficiaries whose income exceeded Medicaid eligibility thresholds were 5.0 percentage points more likely to report difficulty accessing dental care due to cost concerns or a lack of insurance than beneficiaries below the thresholds (95% CI: 0.2, 9.8; p = 0.04)—a one‐third increase over the proportion reporting difficulty below the thresholds (15.0%).ConclusionsA Medicaid dental coverage cliff exacerbates barriers to dental care access among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries. Expanding dental coverage for Medicare beneficiaries, particularly those who are ineligible for Medicaid, could alleviate barriers to dental care access that result from the lack of comprehensive dental coverage in Medicare.
Low‐density lipoprotein and blood pressure are important risk factors for vasculopathy in children on dialysis: A single center study
Authors: Conkar Tunçay Seçil , Keskinoğlu Ahmet , Bulut İpek Kaplan , Levent Ertürk , Hakverdi Gülden , Kabasakal Caner 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe searched for risk factors of cardiovascular assessment among children on dialysis.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of cardiovascular assessment of all patients on dialysis at Ege University Children's Hospital. Pediatric patients between the ages of 6 and 21 who were on HD and peritoneal dialysis treatment were included in the study. Cardiovascular evaluation included left ventricular mass index (LVMI), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) measurements.ResultsNineteen patients were included in this study. The LDL had a correlation with the cIMT z‐score, but not to PWVz‐score. Binary Logistic regression analysis found that only LDL was significantly associated to increased cIMT.ConclusionThis study reports an association between high LDL and high BP increased cIMT on dialyzed children. Strategies to reduce LDL and BP in dialysis patients may prevent vasculopathy and long‐term cardiovascular complications.
Beyond impunity: An evaluation of New York State's nonfatal shooting initiative
Authors: Cochran Hannah , Worden Robert E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNew York State's nonfatal shooting initiative provided support to police departments and district attorney's offices in two cities, Newburgh and Utica, NY: two investigators and a crime analyst dedicated to nonfatal shooting investigations, training and technical assistance, and timely forensic laboratory analysis of evidence. Evaluation findings show that the initiative positively affected the processes and outcomes of nonfatal shooting investigations. The immediate effect of the initiative was dramatic in Newburgh and less pronounced but noteworthy in Utica. In both sites, however, clearance rates declined over time, as caseloads grew. The initiative consisted of several components: a commitment to evidence‐based prosecutions; investigative personnel dedicated to nonfatal shooting cases; collaboration between investigative and prosecutorial actors. The immediate effects of the initiative suggest how successful nonfatal shooting investigations can be when they are better resourced, while the decay in the impacts over time illustrate the need to ensure that the resources are commensurate with the caseload.
Near‐infrared techniques for fraud detection in dairy products: A review
Authors: Hebling e Tavares João Pedro , da Silva Medeiros Maria Lucimar , Barbin Douglas Fernandes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe dairy products sector is an important part of the food industry, and their consumption is expected to grow in the next 10 years. Therefore, the authentication of these products in a faster and precise way is required for the sake of public health. This review proposes the use of near‐infrared techniques for the detection of food fraud in dairy products as they are faster, nondestructive, environmentally friendly, do not require sample preparation, and allow multiconstituent analysis. First, we have described frequent forms of food fraud in dairy products and the application of traditional techniques for their detection, highlighting gaps and counterproductive characteristics for the actual global food chain, as longer sample preparation time and use of reagents. Then, the application of near‐infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging for the detection of food fraud mainly in cheese, butter, and yogurt are described. As these techniques depend on model development, the coverage of different dairy products by the literature will promote the identification of food fraud in a faster and reliable way.
Stick to it! Mechanical performance tests to explore the resilience of prehistoric glues in hafting
Authors: Tydgadt Lola , Rots Veerle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKnown preserved glue remains are relatively rare, but they witness a broad range in glue types that may have existed in the past, varying in terms of the main component and additives. However, archaeological experimentation rarely mirrors that variety, leading to a certain lack of information on the behaviour and interest of several traditional glues, notably animal‐based glues. Through mechanical bench testing (shear–compression), this paper aims to document the resilience of 11 different glues and mixtures in combination with three different organic substrates and flint, in order to reproduce a realistic hafting system. Results highlight that glue performance depends on the hafting materials used, thereby demonstrating that the choice of an appropriate glue depends on the hafting arrangement envisaged. The results also indicate that no glue outperforms all others or witnesses universal applicability. We therefore argue that glue use and performance should be evaluated from the perspective of the complete tool within a particular use context and environment. Only such an integrated perspective permits to reflect on the role of glue in past tool technologies, including its manufacture, composition and use, and on the significance of glue with regard to human behaviour and its evolution.
Ofatumumab with iphosphamide, etoposide and cytarabine for patients with transplantation‐ineligible relapsed and refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Paszkiewicz‐Kozik Ewa , Michalski Wojciech , Taszner Michał , Mordak‐Domagała Monika , Romejko‐Jarosińska Joanna , Knopińska‐Posłuszny Wanda , Najda Jacek , Borawska Anna , Chełstowska Monika , Świerkowska Monika , Dąbrowska‐Iwanicka Anna , Malenda Agata , Druzd‐Sitek Agnieszka , Konecki Robert , Kumiega Beata , Osowiecki Michał , Ostrowska Beata , Szpila Tomasz , Szymański Marcin , Targoński Łukasz , Domańska‐Czyż Katarzyna , Popławska Lidia , Giebel Sebastian , Lange Andrzej , Pluta Andrzej , Zaucha Jan Maciej , Rymkiewicz Grzegorz , Walewski Jan 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe efficacy of salvage treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients who relapse or progress (rrDLBCL) after initial therapy is limited. Efficacy and safety of ofatumumab with iphosphamide, etoposide and cytarabine (O‐IVAC) was evaluated in a single‐arm study. Dosing was modified for elderly patients. Patients received up to six cycles of treatment. The primary end‐point was the overall response rate (ORR). Patients were evaluated every two cycles and then six and 12 months after treatment. Other end‐points included progression‐free survival (PFS), event‐free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Seventy‐seven patients received salvage treatment with O‐IVAC. The average age was 56.8 years; 39% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of at least 3; 78% had disease of Ann Arbor stage 3 or 4; 58% received one or more prior salvage therapies. The ORR for O‐IVAC was 54.5%. The median duration of study follow‐up was 70 months. The median PFS and EFS were 16.3 months each. The median OS was 22.7 months. Age, ECOG performance status and the number of prior therapy lines were independent predictors of survival. Treatment‐related mortality was 15.5%. O‐IVAC showed a high response rate in a difficult‐to‐treat population and is an attractive treatment to bridge to potentially curative therapies.
Synergistic effects of two naturally occurring iridoids in eliciting a rapid antidepressant action by up‐regulating hippocampal PACAP signalling
Authors: Zhang Hailou , Sun Yan , Yau Suk‐yu , Zhou Yanmeng , Song Xinxin , Zhang Han‐Ting , Zhu Boran , Wu Haoxin , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2022

Background and PurposeCurrent mainstream antidepressants have limited efficacy with a delayed onset of action. Yueju, a herbal medicine, has a rapid antidepressant action. Identification of the active ingredients in Yueju and the mechanism/s involved was carried out.Experimental ApproachKey molecule/s and compounds involved in this antidepressant action was identified by transcriptomic and HPLC analysis, respectively. Antidepressant effects were evaluated using various behavioural experiments. The signalling involved was assessed using site‐directed pharmacological intervention or optogenetic manipulation.Key ResultsTranscriptomic analysis showed that Yueju up‐regulated pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) expression in the hippocampus. Two iridoids, geniposide and shanzhiside methyl ester, were identified and quantified from Yueju. Only co‐treatment with both, at an equivalent concentrations found in Yueju, increased PACAP expression and elicited a rapid antidepressant action, which were blocked by intra‐dentate gyrus infusion of a PACAP antagonist or optogenetic inactivation of PACAP expressing neurons. Geniposide and shanzhiside methyl ester co‐treatment rapidly inhibited CaMKII phosphorylation and enhanced mTOR/4EBP1/P70S6k/BDNF ignalling, while intra‐dentate gyrus infusions of a CaMKII activator blunted the rapid antidepressant action and BDNF expression up‐regulation induced by the co‐treatment. A single co‐treatment of them rapidly improved depression‐like behaviours and up‐regulated hippocampal PACAP signalling in the repeated corticosterone‐induced depression model, further confirming the involvement of PACAP.Conclusion and ImplicationsGeniposide and shanzhiside methyl ester co‐treatment had a synergistic rapid onset antidepressant action by triggering hippocampal PACAP activity and associated CaMKII–BDNF signalling. This mechanism could be targeted for development of fast onset antidepressants.
How important are land values in house price growth? Evidence from Canadian cities
Authors: Stewart Kenneth G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA Cobb–Douglas growth accounting framework is used to study the contributions of structures and land to newly constructed home prices across major Canadian cities. The data set is unusual in that land prices are directly observed rather than having to be imputed, and quality change is carefully controlled for in the measurement of structures. These data permit testing of constant returns to scale, which in conventional applications must be adopted as a maintained hypothesis, as well as the introduction of dynamic effects. Whereas standard analyses find land costs to be the dominant contributor to the growth in housing costs, I find that this varies greatly by city. Yet, despite this novel empirical result, the evidence supports other recent work that endorses the constant‐returns Cobb–Douglas methodological framework.
CEMIP promotes extracellular matrix‐detached prostate cancer cell survival by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Liu Bing , Li Xuexiang , Wang Decai , Yu Ying , Lu Dingheng , Chen Liang , Lv Fang , Li Yunxue , Cheng Lulin , Song Yarong , Xing Yifei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCells detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) can trigger different modes of cell death, and the survival of ECM‐detached cells is one of the prerequisites for the metastatic cascade. Ferroptosis, a form of iron‐dependent programmed cell death, has recently been found to be involved in matrix‐detached cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ECM‐detached cells escape ferroptosis are not fully understood. Here, we observed that cell migration‐inducing protein (CEMIP) upregulation facilitates ferroptosis resistance during ECM detachment by promoting cystine uptake in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Meanwhile, silencing CEMIP causes it to lose its ability to promote cystine uptake and inhibit ferroptosis. Mechanistically, the interaction of CEMIP with inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 3 (ITPR3) modulates calcium ion (Ca2+) leakage from the endoplasmic reticulum, activating calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which further facilitates nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) phosphorylation and nuclear localization, leading to elevated transcription of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), a glutamate/cystine antiporter, in PCa cells. Our findings delineate a novel role of CEMIP in ferroptosis resistance during ECM detachment and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for metastatic PCa.
USP6 rearrangement in pediatric nodular fasciitis
Authors: Sennett Rachel , Friedlander Sheila , Tucker Suzanne , Hinds Brian , Hightower George 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNodular fasciitis (NF) is a myofibroblastic proliferation that is uncommonly present in pediatric patients. These benign neoplasms can masquerade as more insidious sarcomatous proliferations on both clinical exam and initial histopathologic review, often prompting undue concern in patients, parents, and providers. While immunohistochemical analysis of NF can be variable, adding to the diagnostic uncertainty, molecular analysis documenting ubiquitin‐specific protease 6 (USP6) gene rearrangement can help confirm the diagnosis as an association between NF and USP6 overexpression was first identified 10 years ago in an analysis that found rearrangements of the involved locus in over 90% of studied samples. In this report, we review one case of NF located on the chin of a nine‐year‐old girl in which molecular testing was essential to secure the correct diagnosis, and provide a summary of documented cases of USP6 overexpression in transient pediatric neoplasms.
Emotion regulation and social knowledge in youth at clinical high‐risk for psychosis and outpatients with chronic schizophrenia: Associations with functional outcome and negative symptoms
Authors: Macfie William G. , Spilka Michael J. , Bartolomeo Lisa A. , Gonzalez Cristina M. , Strauss Gregory P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies indicate that several aspects of social cognition are associated with poor social and vocational outcome in the chronic phase of psychosis. However, it is less clear whether specific aspects of social cognition are impaired in those at clinical high‐risk (CHR) for psychosis and associated with functioning. The current study evaluated two understudied components of social cognition, emotion regulation knowledge and social knowledge, to determine whether CHR and chronic schizophrenia (SZ) samples demonstrated comparable magnitudes of impairment and associations with functioning.MethodsTwo studies were conducted. Study 1 included n = 98 outpatients with chronic SZ and n = 88 demographically matched healthy controls (CN). Study 2 included 30 CHR and 30 matched CN participants. In both studies, participants completed the emotion management and social management subtests of the Mayer‐Salovey‐Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test to assess emotion regulation knowledge and social knowledge, respectively. A battery of clinical interviews was also administered, including measures of: role and social functioning, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization and general symptoms.ResultsIndividuals with SZ demonstrated lower emotion management and social management scores than CN participants. CHR demonstrated lower scores in social management than CN but did not display deficits in emotion management. In both studies, reduced social knowledge was associated with worse functioning and negative symptoms.ConclusionsFindings indicate that deficits in social knowledge are transphasic across the SZ spectrum, and are associated with clinical functioning. Social knowledge may be a novel treatment target for psychosocial interventions.
Phenotypic and genotypic divergence of plant–herbivore interactions along an urbanization gradient
Authors: Qu Jiao , Bonte Dries , Vandegehuchte Martijn L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUrban environments provide challenging conditions for species survival, including increased temperatures, drought and pollution. Species can deal with these conditions through evolution across generations or the immediate expression of phenotypic plasticity. The resulting phenotypic changes are key to the performance of species and their interactions with other species in the community. We here document patterns of herbivory in Arabidopsis thaliana along a rural–urban gradient, and tested the genetic background and ecological consequences of traits related to herbivore resistance. Aphid densities increased with urbanization levels along the gradient while plant size did not change. Offspring of urban mothers, raised under common garden conditions, were larger and had a decreased trichome density and seed set but a higher caterpillar (Pieris brassicae) tolerance. In contrast, no urban evolution was detected for defences against aphids (Myzus persicae). Aphids reduced seed set more strongly in urban offspring, but this effect disappeared in second‐generation plants. In general, urban adaptations as expressed in size and caterpillar tolerance were found, but these adaptations were associated with smaller inflorescences. The maternal effect on the response of seed set to aphid feeding demonstrates the relevance of intergenerational plasticity as a direct ecological consequence of herbivory. Our study demonstrates that the urban environment interacts with the plant's genotype and the extended phenotype as determined by ecological interactions.
Attachment‐based family therapy for sexual and gender minority young adults and their nonaccepting parents
Authors: Diamond Gary M. , Boruchovitz‐Zamir Rotem , Nir‐Gotlieb Ofir , Gat Inbal , Bar‐Kalifa Eran , Fitoussi Priel‐Yehoshua , Katz Shira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis pilot open trial examined the efficacy of attachment‐based family therapy (ABFT) for Israeli sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults and their persistently nonaccepting parents. Thirty families received up to 26 weeks of treatment, with parental rejection, parental acceptance, and young adults' attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety assessed at baseline, 8, 16, 24, and 36 weeks (three months post‐treatment). Analyses using multilevel growth models revealed that both young adults and their mothers independently reported increases in mothers’ acceptance of their young adult's same‐sex orientation or noncisgender identity. In addition, young adults reported decreases in both parents’ levels of rejection. Also, mothers, but not fathers, reported decreases in their own level of rejection. Finally, young adults reported a decrease in attachment avoidance in their relationships with both mothers and fathers, but not a decrease in attachment anxiety. Importantly, these treatment gains were maintained three months after the end of treatment. Together, these results suggest that ABFT‐SGM, a manualized, affirmative, experiential, family‐based treatment, may be effective in reducing long‐standing parental rejection, promoting parental acceptance, and improving the quality of LGBTQ+ young adults’ relationships with their parents. These findings are encouraging in light of the urgent need for efficacious interventions to reduce family generated minority stress and promote safer, more supportive environments for sexual and gender minority people.