bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Added prognostic value of Doppler ultrasound for adverse perinatal outcomes: A pooled analysis of three cohort studies
Authors: Flanagan Madeline F. , Vollgraff Heidweiller‐Schreurs Charlotte A. , Li Wentao , Ganzevoort Wessel , de Boer Marjon A. , Vazquez‐Sarandeses Alicia , Turan Ozhan M. , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Mol Ben W.J. , Rolnik Daniel L. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFetal growth restriction (FGR) is an obstetric complication associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Doppler ultrasound can improve perinatal outcomes through monitoring at‐risk fetuses and helping time delivery.AimTo investigate the prognostic value of different Doppler ultrasound measurements for adverse perinatal outcomes.MaterialsIndividual participant data.MethodsWe performed a pooled analysis on individual participant data. We compared six prognostic models using multilevel logistic regression, where each subsequent model added a new variable to a base model that included maternal characteristics. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) and four Doppler ultrasound measurements were added in turn: umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA PI), middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA PI), cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), and mean uterine artery pulsatility index (mUtA PI). The primary outcome was a composite adverse perinatal outcome, defined as perinatal mortality, emergency caesarean delivery for fetal distress, or neonatal admission. Discriminative ability was quantified with area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThree data sets (N = 3284) were included. Overall, the model that included EFW and UA PI improved AUC from 0.650 (95% CI 0.624–0.676) to 0.673 (95% CI 0.646–0.700). Adding more ultrasound measurements did not improve further the discriminative ability. In subgroup analysis, the addition of EFW and UA PI improved AUC in both preterm (AUC from 0.711 to 0.795) and small for gestational age pregnancies (AUC from 0.729 to 0.770), but they did not improve the models in term delivery or normal growth subgroups.ConclusionsUmbilical artery pulsatility index added prognostic value for adverse perinatal outcomes to the already available information, but the combination of other Doppler ultrasound measurements (MCA PI, CPR or UtA PI) did not improve further prognostic performance.
Low androgen level impairs erectile function of rat by regulating the Ng/CaN/AKT/eNOS pathway in penile corpus cavernosum
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Hao , Wu Ze‐Xiu , Zhao Xin , Jiang Jun , Jiang Rui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism by which low androgen status inhibit erectile function has not yet been clearly elucidated. Neurogranin (Ng) is a Ca2+‐sensitive calmodulin binding protein that is expressed in endothelial cells and regulates eNOS function.ObjectivesTo investigate whether low androgen status inhibit erectile function by regulating the Ng/CaN/AKT/eNOS pathway in the penile cavernous tissue of rats.Materials and methodsThirty‐six 8‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows (n = 6): 4‐week control group (4w‐control), 4‐week castration group (4w‐cast), 4‐week castration+testosterone replacement group (4w‐cast+T), 8‐week control group (8w‐control), 8‐week castration group (8w‐cast), and 8‐week castration+testosterone replacement group (8w‐cast+T). Four weeks and eight weeks after surgery, the ratio of the maximum intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP) was examined. The level of NO and the expression of Ng, calcineurin (CaN), AKT, p‐AKT(S473), eNOS, and p‐eNOS(Ser1177) in the penile cavernous tissue of each group were determined.ResultsNg and CaN were mainly expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the penile cavernous tissue of rats. The ICPmax/MAP and the concentration of NO in the cast group were significantly lower than those in the control group and cast+T replacement group (p < 0.01). The expression of Ng and the ratios of p‐AKT/AKT and p‐eNOS/eNOS in the penile cavernous tissue of rats in the cast group were significantly lower than those in the control group and cast+T replacement group (p < 0.01). The expression of CaN in the penile cavernous tissue of rats in the cast group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group and the cast+T replacement group (p < 0.01).ConclusionInhibiting the expression of Ng and subsequently upregulating the expression of CaN in the rat penile cavernous tissue was one of the upstream mechanisms of low androgen status inhibiting erectile function by inhibiting the AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.
Under‐five children's acute respiratory infection dropped significantly in Bangladesh: An evidence from Bangladesh demographic and health survey, 1996–2018
Authors: Hossain Md. Sabbir , Tasnim Sumaiya , Chowdhury Md. Alamgir , Chowdhury Fardin Ibn Farhad , Hossain Daluwar , Rahman Mohammad Meshbahur 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis study aims to systematically identify and review the most significant risk factors and the trends that follow acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children under five in Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 6863 under‐five children were eligible for our analysis, retrieved from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2014. ARI cases were defined if a child experienced coughing with short and rapid breathing at the chest that occurred during 2 weeks prior to the study. Logistic regression and systematic review methods were appraised to explore the various risk factors involving ARI in Bangladesh. Furthermore, a trend analysis was performed to overlook the historical trend of ARI prevalence and affiliated determinants from 1996/97 to 2017/18 in Bangladesh.ResultsOver the past two decades, Bangladesh experienced a significant drop in ARI prevalence from 12.8% in 1996 to only 3.0% in 2018. The cross‐sectional findings revealed that boys (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.78), stunted children (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.78) and mothers with primary or no education (OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.43–4.90) and secondary education (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.00–3.44) have the higher odds of ARI than their counterparts.ConclusionAcute respiratory infection prevalence significantly declined in Bangladesh, while boys, stunted children and uneducated or primary educated mothers were identified as potential risk factors.
How social support predicts anxiety among university students during COVID‐19 control phase: Mediating roles of self‐esteem and resilience
Authors: Shu Yacong , Lin Wenzheng , Yang Jia , Huang Pengfei , Li Biqin , Zhang Xing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPublic health emergency, such as COVID‐19 pandemic, generally has severe impacts on mental health in public. One of the often‐neglected negative consequences is that the control and prevention measures of COVID‐19 in the post‐epidemic can pose psychological threats to public mental health. This study aimed to seek the factors and mechanisms to alleviate this mental health threat based on a sample of university students in China. Accordingly, this study proposed an environmental‐individual interaction model examining the multiple mediating effects of self‐esteem and resilience in the association between social support and anxiety among university students during COVID‐19 control phase. A questionnaire containing multiple scales were administered on the sample of 2734 Chinese university students. Results indicated that social support negatively predicted anxiety through the serial mediating effects of self‐esteem and resilience sequentially. Our results highlight the impact of social support and the internal factors on relieving anxiety among university students in COVID‐19 control phase. Findings suggest that effective psychological intervention tools should be designed and offered to college students to reduce anxiety distress and improve mental health in the post‐epidemic era or the similar situations in the future.
Ideological passion and violent activism: The moderating role of the significance quest
Authors: Bélanger Jocelyn J. , Adam‐Troian Jais , Nisa Claudia F. , Schumpe Birga M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis research examines how the relationship between passion for an ideology and violent activism is magnified by the personal (vs. collective) loss of significance. In Study 1 (N = 238), the relationship between obsessive (but not harmonious) passion for the Republican Party and violent activism was moderated by personal (but not collective) loss of significance. Study 2 (N = 612) replicated these findings with an experimental manipulation of personal and collective loss of significance in a sample of Black Lives Matter supporters. In Study 3 (N = 416), we set out to attenuate the obsessive passion–violent activism relationship by experimentally manipulating personal and collective significance gain. Echoing the results of Studies 1 and 2, the manipulation of personal (but not collective) significance gain reduced the relationship between obsessive passion for the environmental cause and violent activism. Furthermore, Study 3 examined the psychological mechanism at play by incorporating a measure of goal‐shielding – a factor of theoretical relevance to explain extreme behaviour. Personal significance gain reduced individuals' proclivity to inhibit goals unrelated to their ideological pursuit, which in turn reduced their support for violent activism. These findings reveal psychological factors relevant to detecting at‐risk individuals and implementing cost‐effective prevention programmes against ideological violence.
1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents
Authors: Tiwari Deeksha , Narang Rakesh , Sudhakar Kalvatala , Singh Vikramjeet , Lal Sukhbir , Devgun Manish 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the emergence of drug‐resistant microbial strains, different research groups are continuously developing novel drug molecules against already exploited and unexploited targets. 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole derivatives exhibited noteworthy antimicrobial activities. The presence of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety in antimicrobial agents can modify their polarity and flexibility, which significantly improves biological activities due to various bonded and non‐bonded interactions viz. hydrogen bond, steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic with target sites. The present review elaborates the therapeutic targets and mode of interaction of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles as antimicrobial agents. 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives target enoyl reductase (InhA), 14α‐demethylase in the mycobacterial cell; GlcN‐6‐P synthase, thymidylate synthase, peptide deformylase, RNA polymerase, dehydrosqualene synthase in bacterial strains; ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, P450‐14α demethylase, protein‐N‐myristoyltransferase in fungal strains; FtsZ protein, interfere with purine and functional protein synthesis in plant bacteria. The present review also summarizes the effect of different moieties and functional groups on the antimicrobial activity of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives.
Enhancing daily affect in youth experiencing high‐conflict parental divorce: A multiple baseline trial of an online prevention program
Authors: O′Hara Karey L. , Boring Jesse L. , Sandler Irwin N. , Beck Connie J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of a highly interactive, online cognitive‐behavioral youth coping program: Children of Divorce‐Coping with Divorce (CoD‐CoD; Boring et al., 2015) on children exposed to high levels of interparental conflict (IPC). A multiple‐baseline experimental design (N = 9) evaluated within‐subject intervention effects on change in daily positive and negative affect before, during, and after the intervention (nobservations = 462). Participants were youth ages 11–16 who reported high exposure to IPC and whose parents had filed for divorce or parenting plan determinations in the prior year. A significant interaction effect indicated change in positive affect, but not negative affect, between the intervention and baseline phases. Positive affect linearly decreased during the baseline phase and flattened during the intervention phase. Results indicate that CoD‐CoD was effective in interrupting a decline in youth‐reported positive affect in a high‐IPC sample, which may indicate a buffering effect against depression. Critical future directions include conducting large‐scale randomized trials with children from high‐IPC families to assess for whom the program is effective and assess long‐term effects across a broad range of important outcomes.
Roles, requirements and autonomy of academic researchers
Authors: Niemczyk Ewelina K. , Rónay Zoltán 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs an indicator of nations' prosperity and economic competitiveness, research impacts the mounting roles and requirements placed upon academic researchers. Internationally, researchers are expected to effectively operate in the fast‐changing and demanding research environment. Such effectiveness corresponds mainly to their ability to establish international and interdisciplinary collaborations, secure internal and external grants, and most importantly deliver tangible research outputs. As such, this desired research excellence impacts researchers' academic appointments, recognitions and promotions. Driven by research productivity and pursuit of academic excellence, researchers' individual autonomy may become restricted. This work is based on (a) an international study exploring research productivity within higher education institutions across 15 countries and (b) a relevant international literature review. The voices of 32 participants portray competencies required from and requirements placed upon academic researchers at their respective universities. Findings show that the role of academic researchers is changing and the requirements pose challenges to researchers' autonomy. The research productivity quest along with opportunity‐driven decisions may not only restrict researchers' autonomy but also compromise their academic integrity.
GAMING A SELECTIVE ADMISSIONS SYSTEM
Authors: Lee Frances Xu , Suen Wing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA university uses both early‐stage selection outcome (high‐school affiliation) and late‐stage admission test outcome (standardized test scores) to select students. We use this model to study policies that have been proposed to combat inefficient gaming in college admissions. Increasing university enrollment size can exacerbate gaming and worsen the selection outcome. Abolishing standardized tests for university admissions increases gaming targeting high‐school admissions and worsens the selection outcome, whereas eliminating high‐school ability sorting may improve the university selection outcome under some cost conditions of gaming. Committing to a lower‐powered selection scheme can improve the selection outcome by reducing gaming behaviors.
MEETINGS AND MECHANISMS
Authors: Cai Xiaoming , Gautier Pieter , Wolthoff Ronald 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article shows how meeting frictions affect equilibrium trading mechanisms and allocations in an environment where identical sellers post mechanisms to compete for buyers with ex ante heterogeneous private valuations. Multiple submarkets can emerge, each consisting of all sellers posting a particular mechanism and the buyers who visit those sellers. Under mild conditions, high‐valuation buyers are all located in the same submarket, and low valuation buyers can be in: (i) the same submarket, (ii) a different submarket, and (iii) a mixture of (i) and (ii). The decentralized equilibrium is efficient when sellers can post auctions with reserve prices or entry fees.
Chia and hemp oils‐based gelled emulsions as replacers of pork backfat in burgers: effect on lipid profile, technological attributes and oxidation stability during frozen storage
Authors: Botella‐Martínez Carmen , Sayas‐Barberá Estrella , Pérez‐Álvarez José Ángel , Viuda‐Martos Manuel , Fernández‐López Juana 
Published: June 2022

SummaryGelled emulsions based on chia and hemp oils were used as partial (25% and 50%) fat replacer in beef burgers. The effect of formulation, frozen storage during 60 days and cooking process was assessed on lipid profile, oxidation susceptibility and technological attributes (cooking properties). Reformulated burgers showed better nutritional quality (in reference to dietary fats) than control, mainly due to the increase in PUFAs (specifically α‐linolenic (C18:3) and linoleic (C18:2) fatty acids) and decrease in SFAs which was higher in burgers with hemp‐GE than in burgers with chia‐GE and also dependent on the substitution level (the highest at 50%). This pattern was not modified by frozen storage for 60 days or by cooking process. In addition, cooking increased the susceptibility of reformulated burgers to oxidation in a more intense way than 60 days of frozen storage, being burgers with 50% chia‐GEs the most susceptible.
Evaluating the impact of using a wound‐specific oral nutritional supplement to support wound healing in a rehabilitation setting
Authors: Clark Rya K. , Stampas Argyrios , Kerr Kirk W. , Nelson Jeffrey L. , Sulo Suela , Leon‐Novelo Luis , Ngan Esther , Pandya Dehuti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic wounds adversely affect patient quality of life, increase the risk of mortality, and impose high costs on healthcare systems. Since protein‐energy malnutrition or specific nutrient deficiencies can delay wound healing, nutritionally focused care is a key strategy to help prevent or treat the occurrence of non‐healing wounds. The objective of our study of inpatients in a rehabilitation hospital was to quantify the effect of daily wound‐specific oral nutritional supplementation (WS‐ONS) on healing chronic wounds. Using electronic medical records, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with chronic wounds. We identified records for (a) a treatment group who received standard wound care + usual hospital diet + daily WS‐ONS for ≥14 days, and (b) a control group who received standard wound care + a usual hospital diet. We collected data for demographics, nutritional status, and wound‐relevant health characteristics. We examined weekly measurements of wound number and sizes (surface area for superficial wounds or volume for non‐superficial wounds). There were 341 patients identified, 114 with 322 wounds in the treatment group and 227 patients with 420 wounds in the control group. We found that rehabilitation inpatients who were given nutritional support had larger wounds and lower functional independence on admission. At discharge, wound area reduction (percent) was nearly two‐fold better in patients who were given daily WS‐ONS + usual hospital diet compared to those who consumed usual diet only (61.1% vs 34.5%). Overall, weekly wound improvement (lowered wound area or wound volume) was more likely in the WS‐ONS group than in the Control group, particularly from the start of care to week 2. Inpatients with largest wounds and lowest functional independence on admission were most likely to be given WS‐ONS, an indication that caregivers recognised the need for supplementation. Week‐to‐week improvement in wound size was more likely in patients who received WS‐ONS than in those who did not. Specifically, wound areas and wound volumes were significantly lower at discharge among patients who were given specialised nutritional support. More research in this field is needed to improve care and reduce healthcare costs.
A molecular dynamics study of N–A–S–H gel with various Si/Al ratios
Authors: Chen Yun , Dolado Jorge S. , Li Zhenming , Yin Suhong , Yu Qijun , Kostiuchenko Albina , Ye Guang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the atomic structures of sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N–A–S–H) gels with different Si/Al ratios are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. An N–A–S–H gel model was obtained from the polymerization of Si(OH)4 and Al(OH)3 monomers with the use of a reactive force field (ReaxFF). The simulated atomic structural features, such as the bond length, bond angle, and simulated X‐ray diffraction pattern of the gel structure are in good accordance with the experimental results in the literature. Si–O–Al is found to be preferred over Si–O–Si in the N–A–S–H gel structure according to the amount of T–O–T bond angles and distribution of Si4(mAl). Pentacoordinate Al is identified in all simulated N–A–S–H models. It provides strong support to current knowledge that pentacoordinate Al in geopolymer does not only come from raw material. Furthermore, the structural analysis results also show that N–A–S–H gel with lower Si/Al ratios has a more cross‐linked and compacted structure.
Puerarin attenuates diabetic kidney injury through interaction with Guanidine nucleotide‐binding protein Gi subunit alpha‐1 (Gnai1) subunit
Authors: Zhu Qingqing , Yang Shumin , Wei Chengguo , Lu Geming , Lee Kyung , He John Cijiang , Liu Ruijie , Zhong Yifei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRadix puerariae, a traditional Chinese herbal medication, has been used to treat patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Our previous studies demonstrated that puerarin, the active compound of radix puerariae, improves podocyte injury in type 1 DKD mice. However, the direct molecular target of puerarin and its underlying mechanisms in DKD remain unknown. In this study, we confirmed that puerarin also improved DKD in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Through RNA‐sequencing odf isolated glomeruli, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were altered in the glomeruli of these diabetic mice but reversed by puerarin treatment were involved mostly in oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrosis. Further analysis of these reversed DEGs revealed protein kinase A (PKA) was among the top pathways. By utilizing the drug affinity responsive target stability method combined with mass spectrometry analysis, we identified guanine nucleotide‐binding protein Gi alpha‐1 (Gnai1) as the direct binding partner of puerarin. Gnai1 is an inhibitor of cAMP production which is known to have protection against podocyte injury. In vitro, we showed that puerarin not only interacted with Gnai1 but also increased cAMP production in human podocytes and mouse diabetic kidney in vivo. Puerarin also enhanced CREB phosphorylation, a downstream transcription factor of cAMP/PKA. Overexpression of CREB reduced high glucose‐induced podocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of PKA by Rp‐cAMP also diminished the effects of puerarin on high glucose‐induced podocyte apoptosis. We conclude that the renal protective effects of puerarin are likely through inhibiting Gnai1 to activate cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in podocytes.