bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Violence Against Robots be Banned?
Authors: Mamak Kamil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the following question: “Should violence against robots be banned?” Such a question is usually associated with a query concerning the moral status of robots. If an entity has moral status, then concomitant responsibilities toward it arise. Despite the possibility of a positive answer to the title question on the grounds of the moral status of robots, legal changes are unlikely to occur in the short term. However, if the matter regardspublicviolence rather than mere violence, the issue of the moral status of robots may be avoided, and legal changes could be made in the short term. Prohibition of public violence against robots focuses on public morality rather than on the moral status of robots. The wrongness of such acts is not connected with the intrinsic characteristics of robots but with their performance in public. This form of prohibition would be coherent with the existing legal system, which eliminates certain behaviors in public places through prohibitions against acts such as swearing, going naked, and drinking alcohol.
Toxicants, entanglement, and mitigation in New England’s emerging circular economy for food waste
Authors: Isenhour Cindy , Haedicke Michael , Berry Brieanne , MacRae Jean , Blackmer Travis , Horton Skyler 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrawing on research with food waste recycling facilities in New England, this paper explores a fundamental tension between the eco-modernist logics of the circular economy and the reality of contemporary waste streams. Composting and digestion are promoted as key solutions to food waste, due to their ability to return nutrients to agricultural soils. However, our work suggests that food waste processors increasingly find themselves responsible for policing boundaries between distinct “material” and “biological” systems as imagined by the architects of the circular economy—boundaries penetrable by toxicants. This responsibility creates significant problems for processors due to the regulatory, educational, and structural barriers documented in this research. This paper contributes to scholarship which suggests the need to rethink the modernist logics of the circular economy and to recognize the realities of entangled material and biological systems. More specifically, we argue that if circularity is the goal, policy needs to recognize the barriers food waste processors face and concentrate circularity efforts further upstream to ensure fair, just, and safe circular food systems.
Overview on the digitized production of welded steel structures
Authors: Skriko Tuomas , Ahola Antti , Björk Timo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a concept and practical topics involved in digitized production. The term “production” denotes the design, fabrication, and service life of a product, which in this case elaborates on welded steel structures. This includes the required information for guiding all the process stages of the chosen material back to its re-melting, following the material flow in a fully digitized form. This concept enables an increase in production quality at a higher level while minimizing the risk of human errors. Automation of the short-run production of steel structures for demanding applications is also a key goal, together with securing a cost-efficient process. Typically, such structures are fabricated from high- or ultra-high-strength steels. Though challenging, reaching these aims seems to be realistic by applying advanced fatigue design methods, using high-quality robotic welding and receiving information about the real loading of the structure.
Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) Clinical Practice Guidelines 2020
Authors: Akashiba Tsuneto , Inoue Yuichi , Uchimura Naohisa , Ohi Motoharu , Kasai Takatoshi , Kawana Fusae , Sakurai Shigeru , Takegami Misa , Tachikawa Ryo , Tanigawa Takeshi , Chiba Shintaro , Chin Kazuo , Tsuiki Satoru , Tonogi Morio , Nakamura Hiroshi , Nakayama Takeo , Narui Koji , Yagi Tomoko , Yamauchi Motoo , Yamashiro Yoshihiro , Yoshida Masahiro , Oga Toru , Tomita Yasuhiro , Hamada Satoshi , Murase Kimihiko , Mori Hiroyuki , Wada Hiroo , Uchiyama Makoto , Ogawa Hiromasa , Sato Kazumichi , Nakata Seiichi , Mishima Kazuo , Momomura Shin-Ichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is reportedly very high. Among SDBs, the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is higher than previously believed, with patients having moderate-to-severe OSA accounting for approximately 20% of adult males and 10% of postmenopausal women not only in Western countries but also in Eastern countries, including Japan. Since 1998, when health insurance coverage became available, the number of patients using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for sleep apnea has increased sharply, with the number of patients about to exceed 500,000 in Japan. Although the “Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) in Adults” was published in 2005, a new guideline was prepared to indicate the standard medical care based on the latest trends, as supervised by and in cooperation with the Japanese Respiratory Society and the “Survey and Research on Refractory Respiratory Diseases and Pulmonary Hypertension” Group, of Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare and other related academic societies, including the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, in addition to referring to the previous guidelines. Since sleep apnea is an interdisciplinary field covering many areas, this guideline was prepared including 36 clinical questions (CQs). In the English version, therapies and managements for SAS, which were written from CQ16 to 36, were shown. The Japanese version was published in July 2020 and permitted as well as published as one of the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds) clinical practice guidelines in Japan in July 2021.
The Future of IVF: The New Normal in Human Reproduction
Authors: Kushnir Vitaly A. , Smith Gary D. , Adashi Eli Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreased demand for in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to socio-demographic trends, and supply facilitated by new technologies, converged to transform the way a substantial proportion of humans reproduce. The purpose of this article is to describe the societal and demographic trends driving increased worldwide demand for IVF, as well as to provide an overview of emerging technologies that promise to greatly expand IVF utilization and lower its cost.
Artificial Electric Field Algorithm with Greedy State Transition Strategy for Spherical Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem
Authors: Bi Jian , Zhou Guo , Zhou Yongquan , Luo Qifang , Deng Wu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe multiple traveling salesman problem (MTSP) is an extension of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). It is found that the MTSP problem on a three-dimensional sphere has more research value. In a spherical space, each city is located on the surface of the Earth. To solve this problem, an integer-serialized coding and decoding scheme was adopted, and artificial electric field algorithm (AEFA) was mixed with greedy strategy and state transition strategy, and an artificial electric field algorithm based on greedy state transition strategy (GSTAEFA) was proposed. Greedy state transition strategy provides state transition interference for AEFA, increases the diversity of population, and effectively improves the accuracy of the algorithm. Finally, we test the performance of GSTAEFA by optimizing examples with different numbers of cities. Experimental results show that GSTAEFA has better performance in solving SMTSP problems than other swarm intelligence algorithms.
A MINIMAL SET LOW FOR SPEED
Authors: DOWNEY ROD , HARRISON-TRAINOR MATTHEW 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn oracle A is low-for-speed if it is unable to speed up the computation of a set which is already computable: if a decidable language can be decided in time
$t(n)$
using A as an oracle, then it can be decided without an oracle in time
$p(t(n))$
for some polynomial p. The existence of a set which is low-for-speed was first shown by Bayer and Slaman who constructed a non-computable computably enumerable set which is low-for-speed. In this paper we answer a question previously raised by Bienvenu and Downey, who asked whether there is a minimal degree which is low-for-speed. The standard method of constructing a set of minimal degree via forcing is incompatible with making the set low-for-speed; but we are able to use an interesting new combination of forcing and full approximation to construct a set which is both of minimal degree and low-for-speed.
Territorial and Non-territorial Aspects in the Autonomist Proposals of the Sudeten German Party, 1937–38
Authors: Mulej Oskar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe article focuses on two sets of autonomist demands that the far-right Sudeten German Party (SdP) in Czechoslovakia put forward during 1937–38. Its central thesis being that both sets were marked by a profoundly close interplay between territorial and non-territorial approaches at accommodating national diversity, it sets to explore this relationship, highlighting the underlying dynamic. Although the 1937 Volksschutzgesetze posed as an ostensibly “pure” case of non-territorial autonomy, whereas the 1938 Skizze über Neuordnung der innerstaatlichen Verhältnisse entailed major territorial provisions, in both cases the practical end-goal implied territorial autonomy. A closer look into their inner logic and intellectual origins however, also reveals a shared, essentially non-territorial underpinning. While the SdP agenda was firmly centered on national territory, its specific völkisch and organicist understanding of nationality manifested a clear preponderance of non-territoriality. Both sets of autonomist demands may thus be treated as a potentially maximalist combination of territorial and non-territorial arrangements resting on a fundamentally non-territorial notion of Volkspersönlichkeit. Encompassing all the members of the national group, the latter was simultaneously conceived as the basic carrier of political will. Volksschutzgesetze and Skizze thus represented clear examples of illiberal (re-)conceptualization of national autonomy, informed by contemporary völkisch sociological, legal, and political thought.
Current and future potential distributions of Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): is this the next FAW?
Authors: de M. Oliveira Ruan C. , Zalucki Myron P. , Pastori Patrik L. , Kriticos Darren J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHelicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), the native budworm, is an important highly polyphagous pest that has caused serious damage on a wide variety of crops in Australia. In Australia, its range overlaps that of its congener, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), a notorious invasive pest globally. We used CLIMEX, a bioclimatic niche modelling software package, to estimate the potential geographical distribution of H. punctigera under current and future climates (A1B scenario). Under both current and future climate conditions, the model indicates that H. punctigera could establish throughout the tropics and subtropics. Comparing the potential distributions under each climate scenario revealed that in the future its potential distribution is likely to shift poleward and into higher altitudes, into areas that are currently too cold as observed in the South of Brazil, Europe, North America, South East Asia, and South Pacific Islands including New Zealand. The projected potential distribution can inform pre- and post-border biosecurity strategies for the management of this pest in each country.
An investigation into the cognitive, metacognitive, and spatial markers of creativity and efficiency in architectural design
Authors: Al Sayed Kinda , Cheng Peter C H. , Penn Alan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a preliminary study into the spatial features that can be used to distinguish creativity andefficiency in design layouts, and the distinct pattern of cognitive and metacognitive activity that is associated with creative design. In a design experiment, a group of 12 architects were handed a design brief. Their drawing activity was recorded and they were required to externalize their thoughts during the design process. Both design solutions and verbal comments were analysed and modelled. A separate group of experienced architects used their expert knowledge to assign creativity and efficiency scores to the 12 design solutions. The design solutions were evaluated spatially. Protocol analysis studies including linkography and macroscopic analysis were used to discern distinctive patterns in the cognitive and metacognition activity of designs marked with the highest and least creativity scores. Entropy models of the linkographs and knowledge graphs were further introduced Finally, we assessed how creativity and efficiency correlates to experiment variables, cognitive activity, metacognitive activity, spatial and functional distribution of spaces in the design solutions, and the number and type of design constraints applied through the course of design. Through this investigation, we suggest that expert knowledge can be used to assess creativity and efficiency in designs. Our findings indicate that efficient layouts have distinct spatial features, and that cognitive and metacognitive activity in design that yields a highly creative outcome corresponds to higher frequencies of design moves and higher linkages between design moves.
NAFLD and vitamin D: Evidence for intersection of microRNA-regulated pathways
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Moon Rachel , Thorne James L. , Moore J. Bernadette 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease, worldwide. The molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, involving numerous signalling molecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Dysregulation of miRNA expression is associated with hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although miRNAs are also critical to the cellular response to vitamin D, mediating regulation of the vitamin D receptor and vitamin D’s anti-cancer effects, the role of vitamin-D-regulated miRNAs in NAFLD pathogenesis has been relatively unexplored. Therefore, this review aims to critically assess the evidence for a potential subset of miRNAs that are both dysregulated in NAFLD and modulated by vitamin D. Comprehensive review of eighty-nine human studies identified twenty-five miRNAs found dysregulated in more than one NAFLD study. In contrast, only seventeen studies, including a protocol for a trial in NAFLD, had examined miRNAs in relation to vitamin D status, response to supplementation, or vitamin D in the context of the liver. This paper summarises these data and reviews the biological roles of six miRNAs (miR-21, miR-30, miR-34, miR-122, miR-146, miR-200) found dysregulated in multiple independent NAFLD studies. While modulation of miRNAs by vitamin D has been understudied, integration of the data suggests seven vitamin-D-modulated miRNAs (miR-27, miR-125, miR-155, miR-192, miR-223, miR-375, miR-378) potentially relevant to NAFLD pathogenesis. Our summary tables provide a significant resource to underpin future hypothesis-driven research, and we conclude that the measurement of serum and hepatic miRNAs in response to vitamin D supplementation in larger trials is warranted.
MODES OF CONVERGENCE TO THE TRUTH: STEPS TOWARD A BETTER EPISTEMOLOGY OF INDUCTION
Authors: LIN HANTI 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvaluative studies of inductive inferences have been pursued extensively with mathematical rigor in many disciplines, such as statistics, econometrics, computer science, and formal epistemology. Attempts have been made in those disciplines to justify many different kinds of inductive inferences, to varying extents. But somehow those disciplines have said almost nothing to justify a most familiar kind of induction, an example of which is this: “We’ve seen this many ravens and they all are black, so all ravens are black.” This is enumerative induction in itsfullstrength. For it does not settle with a weaker conclusion (such as “the ravens observed in the future will all be black”); nor does it proceed with any additional premise (such as the statistical IID assumption). The goal of this paper is to take some initial steps toward a justification for the full version of enumerative induction, against counterinduction, and against the skeptical policy. The idea is to explore various epistemic ideals, mathematically defined as different modes of convergence to the truth, and look for one that is weak enough to be achievable and strong enough to justify a norm that governs both the long run and the short run. So the proposal is learning-theoretic in essence, but a Bayesian version is developed as well.
Wnt/β-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Xiao Qing , Xiao Jiani , Niu Chenxi , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Xiaojun , Zhou Zhengwei , Shu Guang , Yin Gang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Wnt/β-catenin pathway comprises a family of proteins that play critical roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling often leads to various serious diseases, including cancer and non-cancer diseases. Although many articles have reviewed Wnt/β-catenin from various aspects, a systematic review encompassing the origin, composition, function, and clinical trials of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in tumour and diseases is lacking. In this article, we comprehensively review the Wnt/β-catenin pathway from the above five aspects in combination with the latest research. Finally, we propose challenges and opportunities for the development of small-molecular compounds targeting the Wnt signalling pathway in disease treatment.
SignalP 6.0 predicts all five types of signal peptides using protein language models
Authors: Teufel Felix , Almagro Armenteros José Juan , Johansen Alexander Rosenberg , Gíslason Magnús Halldór , Pihl Silas Irby , Tsirigos Konstantinos D. , Winther Ole , Brunak Søren , von Heijne Gunnar , Nielsen Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSignal peptides (SPs) are short amino acid sequences that control protein secretion and translocation in all living organisms. SPs can be predicted from sequence data, but existing algorithms are unable to detect all known types of SPs. We introduce SignalP 6.0, a machine learning model that detects all five SP types and is applicable to metagenomic data.
Tomato leaf disease classification by exploiting transfer learning and feature concatenation
Authors: Al‐gaashani Mehdhar S. A. M. , Shang Fengjun , Muthanna Mohammed S. A. , Khayyat Mashael , Abd El‐Latif Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTomato is one of the most important vegetables worldwide. It is considered a mainstay of many countries’ economies. However, tomato crops are vulnerable to many diseases that lead to reducing or destroying production, and for this reason, early and accurate diagnosis of tomato diseases is very urgent. For this reason, many deep learning models have been developed to automate tomato leaf disease classification. Deep learning is far superior to traditional machine learning with loads of data, but traditional machine learning may outperform deep learning for limited training data. The authors propose a tomato leaf disease classification method by exploiting transfer learning and features concatenation. The authors extract features using pre‐trained kernels (weights) from MobileNetV2 and NASNetMobile; then, they concatenate and reduce the dimensionality of these features using kernel principal component analysis. Following that, they feed these features into a conventional learning algorithm. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of concatenated features for boosting the performance of classifiers. The authors have evaluated the three most popular traditional machine learning classifiers, random forest, support vector machine, and multinomial logistic regression; among them, multinomial logistic regression achieved the best performance with an average accuracy of 97%.
Dust entrainment in magnetically and thermally driven disk winds
Authors: Rodenkirch P. J. , Dullemond C. P. 
Published: January 2022

Context.Magnetically and thermally driven disk winds have gained popularity in the light of the current paradigm of low viscosities in protoplanetary disks that nevertheless present large accretion rates even in the presence of inner cavities. The possibility of dust entrainment in these winds may explain recent scattered light observations and constitutes a way of dust transport towards outer regions of the disk.Aims.We aim to study the dust dynamics in these winds and explore the differences between photoevaporation and magnetically driven disk winds in this regard. We quantify maximum entrainable grain sizes, the flow angle, and the general detectability of such dusty winds.Methods.We used the FARGO3D code to perform global, 2.5D axisymmetric, nonideal MHD simulations including ohmic and ambipolar diffusion. Dust was treated as a pressureless fluid. Synthetic observations were created with the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D.Results.We find a significant difference in the dust entrainment efficiency of warm, ionized winds such as photoevaporation and magnetic winds including X-ray and extreme ultraviolet heating compared to cold magnetic winds. The maximum entrainable grain size varies from 3 μm−6 μm for ionized winds to 1 μm for cold magnetic winds. The dust flow angle decreases rapidly with increasing grain size. Dust grains in cold magnetic winds tend to flow along a shallower angle compared to the warm, ionized winds. With increasing distance to the central star, the dust entrainment efficiency decreases. Larger values of the turbulent viscosity increase the maximum grain size radius of possible dust entrainment. Our simulations indicate that diminishing dust content in the outer regions of the wind can be mainly attributed to the dust settling in the disk. The Stokes number along the wind launching front stays constant in the outer region. In the synthetic images, the dusty wind appears as a faint, conical emission region which is brighter for a cold magnetic wind.
Gender and Disability: The Experiences of Microaggressions Against Women with Disabilities in the Philippines
Authors: Ancha Christelle Juin Reduta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents how women with disabilities experience microaggression from a gender lens. Through analyzing a qualitative dataset from 14 women with disabilities, this article showed the distinct microaggression types against women with disabilities. The findings from the study supported seven (7) of Keller and Galgay (Microaggressions and marginality: manifestations, dynamics and impact, Wiley, Hoboken, 2010) Ten (10) Domains of Microaggression. This research also revealed other aspects of microaggression that are important in extending the existing knowledge of gender and disability studies. First, perpetrators of microaggression against women with disabilities are primarily in closed communities such as their families and friends. Second, gender microaggression may present a continuum towards sexual harassment, but this needs further investigation. This article explains the following recommendations: (i) targeted public campaigns to reduce specific types of microaggression; (ii) changes in public transportation systems; (iii) more studies on women with disabilities; (iv) integration of practical and strategic gender interest in disability inclusion in the Philippines.