bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apatinib inhibits tumour progression and promotes antitumour efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chi Yanyan , Wang Feng , Zhang Yana , Shan Zhengzheng , Tao Weili , Lian Yujin , Xin Dao , Fan Qingxia , Sun Yan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractApatinib, a highly selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2), inhibits the angiogenesis of tumours. The function and mechanism of apatinib in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unknown. In present study, we found that the development of ESCC in patients was controlled by treatment of combination of apatinib and a chemotherapeutic drug. Moreover, apatinib efficiently promotes cell apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activity of the Akt/mTOR pathway in ESCC cells. Western blot analysis showed that apatinib significantly increased vimentin protein levels, decreased Bcl2, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), E‐cadherin, p‐Akt and p‐mTOR protein levels in ESCC cells. Furthermore, apatinib enhanced chemosensitivity of cytotoxic drugs paclitaxel (TAX), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin (DDP) by upregulating expression of vimentin protein, and downregulating expression of Bcl2, MMP9 and E‐cadherin protein in vitro. Compared with single‐agent groups, the combination of apatinib with each chemotherapeutic drug significantly repressed tumour growth and angiogenesis through blocking the expression of Ki67 and VEGFR‐2 in vivo. Taken together, apatinib efficiently inhibits cell growth through blocking Bcl2 and Akt/mTOR pathway, and suppresses metastasis via inhibiting MMP9 and EMT in ESCC cells. Apatinib promoted antitumour effect of chemotherapeutic agents through promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis in ESCC.
Transcriptomic analysis of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) treated with plant extracts from endophyte‐containing drunken horse grass
Authors: Ma Yaling , Li Chunjie , White James F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum is a worldwide pest that causes serious losses in agricultural production. Drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians) is a widely distributed perennial poisonous grass of grasslands of Northern and Northwestern China. Changes in adult pea aphid transcripts after exposure to aqueous extracts of endophyte‐infected (E+) and endophyte‐free (E−) plants and distilled water controls (CK) were compared to identify candidate genes and pathways of the pea aphid. The resulting 31,858 unigenes annotations provide useful data for future molecular studies of pea aphid. A total of 147 mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed genes (DEGs): 30 genes were up‐regulated and 6 were down‐regulated in the E+ versus E− treated aphids; 45 up‐regulated and 40 down‐regulated genes were identified in E+ versus CK; 23 up‐regulated and 3 down‐regulated genes were identified in the E− versus CK. KEGG analysis mapped 16, 24 and 42 differentially expressed genes to 13, 20 and 22 substantially enriched pathways for E+ versus CK, E+ versus CK and E− versus CK, respectively. A number of fecundity factors were annotated from 266 unigenes, including fatty acid synthase, aminopeptidase N‐like, and cuticular protein genes that were highly expressed in aphids treated with extracts of both E+ and E− plants. Many of these genes were up‐regulated at least twofold in E− compared with the E+ treated aphids. The resultant transcriptomic database was authenticated by the transcript levels of five selected fecundity‐related genes quantified from different treatment material in a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Interestingly, the genes related to lysosome that the most abundant in the E+ and E− treated aphids. Our studies provided the first comprehensive insights into varying treatments and effects on toxicity related genes in aphids. This work will facilitate efforts to explore new biocontrol strategies against pea aphid.
Predicting and explaining crystallographic orientation relationships of exsolved precipitates in garnet using the edge‐to‐edge matching model
Authors: Keller Duncan S. , Ague Jay J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRelative alignments of mineral exsolutions and their host crystals can be described by crystallographic orientation relationships (COR). Exsolved phases in garnet from high‐grade metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks may have COR, but the complexity of COR distributions has thus far restricted their use to identifying exsolved phases. Classification of COR also remains mineral‐specific, leaving doubt as to what information COR preserve. To test how COR may be standardized, we calculated mismatch of low‐index crystallographic planes (d‐value ratios) and crystallographic directions (rows of atoms) between precipitates and garnet and defined search criteria for structural alignments likely to be energetically favourable. We analysed published electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data for apatite, rutile, ilmenite, corundum, and quartz precipitates in garnet (ntot = 1,296) for the presence of these alignments. Our method predicts between 88% and 98% of observed alignments across the studied minerals and requires only calculations using unit cell parameters. We further show that each exsolved mineral forms COR predicted by the edge‐to‐edge matching model which was developed to describe unambiguous exsolution textures in alloys. Edge‐to‐edge matching aligns atoms at the host–precipitate interface by parallelism or near‐parallelism of crystallographic planes of similar spacing and parallelism of crystallographic directions (rows of atoms) of similar length on the edges of those planes. Edge‐to‐edge matches likely facilitate coherent to semi‐coherent interfaces by lowering surface free energy and strain energy, stabilizing precipitates. These matches are defined by criteria applicable to all minerals, making them an ideal tool for classifying, discovering and interpreting COR of diverse precipitates in garnet. This approach may also predict COR in other geological mineral pairs (e.g., exsolved feldspars). We find that edge‐to‐edge matching may explain the stability of the needle‐shaped morphologies commonly observed for exsolution textures in garnet. Edge‐to‐edge matching COR distributions can be tested as proxies of the state of the host rock at the time of exsolution to evaluate factors such as temperature, cooling rate, degree of undercooling, and/or strain. Patterns of edge‐to‐edge matching COR may be paired with geothermobarometry and/or petrochronology to provide a powerful new tool for studying the histories of granulite and eclogite facies metamorphic and igneous rocks.
Connexin45 colocalization patterns in the plexiform layers of the developing mouse retina
Authors: Hilgen Gerrit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChemical and electrical synapses (gap junctions) are widely prevalent in the nervous system. Gap junctions emerge long before chemical synapses, allowing communication between developing cells, and are thought to be involved in establishing neural circuits. Mounting evidence indicates that these two modalities of synaptic transmission closely interact during retinal development and that such interactions play a critical role in synaptogenesis and circuit formation during the perinatal period. In vertebrates, gap junctions consist of two connexins which in turn are made up of six connexins (Cx). To what extent Cx45 and Cx36, the most abundant connexins in the retina, are involved in synaptogenesis and retinal circuit formation is not known. The here presented immunohistochemical study used stainings of Cx45, Cx36 and Synaptophysin in the outer and inner (IPL) plexiform layers of postnatal day 8–16 mice retinas to shed light on the role of connexins during critical neuronal developmental processes. Cx45 and Cx36 expressions in both plexiform layers of the mouse retina increased till eye opening and dropped afterwards. The percentage of heterotypic Cx45/Cx36 gap junctions is also higher before the critical event of eye opening. Finally, Cx45 is closely located and/or colocalized with Synaptophysin also shortly before eye opening in the IPL of the mouse retina. All findings point towards a pivotal role for Cx45 during postnatal synaptogenesis in the mouse retina. However, a more functional study is needed to determine the role of Cx45 during synaptogenesis and circuit formation.
S100A8 (rs3806232) gene polymorphism and S100A8 serum level in psoriasis vulgaris patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Farag Azza , Shoaib Mohamed , Labeeb Azza , Sleem Asmaa , Hussien Hend , Elshaib Mustafa , Hanout Hayam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundS100A8 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and S100A8 blood level are related to many inflammatory disorders with no available conclusion in psoriasis.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of S100A8 in psoriasis pathogenesis through analyzing its S100A8 (rs3806232) gene polymorphism and S100A8 serum level in psoriasis vulgaris patients, in addition to correlate the detected results with severity psoriasis in those patients.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted on 50 patients having psoriasis vulgaris, and 26 controls. Severity of psoriasis was evaluated using psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score. S100A8 serum level and S100A8 (rs3806232) SNP were evaluated by ELISA and polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) respectively.ResultsSerum S100A8 level was significantly higher in psoriatic patients than controls and was positively correlated with PASI score (r = 0.826, p < 0.001). S100A8 (rs3806232) AA genotype and A allele were significantly increased among psoriasis patients than controls (p < 0.001) increasing risk of psoriasis development by about 5, 12, and 6 times than AG, GG, and G alleles. AA genotype was significantly associated with psoriasis severity (p = 0.005) and high S100A8 serum levels (p = 0.018).ConclusionsCirculating S100A8 could associated with disease severity and have an active role in psoriasis pathogenesis. S100A8 (rs3806232) SNP (AA genotype and A allele) might contribute to development and severity of psoriasis in the Egyptian population.
Angiography suite cone‐beam CT perfusion for selection of thrombectomy patients: A pilot study
Authors: Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Schafer Sebastian , Farooqui Mudassir , Zevallos Cynthia B , Dandapat Sudeepta , Mendez‐Ruiz Alan , Aagaard‐Kienitz Beverly , Petersen Nils , Derdeyn Colin P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe availability of cone‐beam CT perfusion (CBCTP) in angiography suites may improve large‐vessel occlusion (LVO) triage and reduce reperfusion times for patients presenting during extended time window. We aim to evaluate the perfusion maps correlation and agreement between multidetector CT perfusion (MDCTP) and CBCTP when obtained sequentially in patients undergoing endovascular therapy.MethodsThis is a prospective, pilot, single‐arm interventional cohort study of consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO. All patients underwent MDCTP and CBCTP prior to endovascular therapy, generating cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and time‐to‐maximum/time to peak contrast concentration maps. We compared the two imaging modalities using three different methods: (1) six regions of interest (ROIs) placed in the anterior circulation territory; (2) ROIs placed in all 10 Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score regions; and (3) ROI drawn around the entire ischemic area. ROI ratios (unaffected/affected area) were compared for all sequences in each method. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient to calculate the correlation between the studies. Bland‐Altman plots were also created to measure the degree of agreement. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was done comparing both modalities in patients with low infarct growth rate.ResultsFourteen patients were included (median age 81 years [74‐87], 50% males, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 19 [14‐22]). Median time between studies was 42 minutes (interquartile range 29‐61). Independently of the method used, we found moderate to excellent correlation in CBF, CBV, and MTT between modalities. CBF correlation further improved in patients with low infarct growth.ConclusionThese results demonstrate promising accuracy of CBCTP in evaluating ischemic tissue in patients presenting with LVO ischemic stroke.
A validated predictive model for risk of nodal metastasis in node negative oral squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and tongue
Authors: Kallarakkal Thomas George , Siriwardena Bogahawatte S. M. S. , Samaranayaka Ariyapala , De Silva Rohana , Tilakaratne Wanninayake M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is influenced by clinical and histopathological variables. The aim of this study was to develop a simple model to predict nodal metastasis of OSCC in clinically negative necks (cN0).MethodsData from patients who underwent surgery for treatment of OSCC of the tongue or buccal mucosa with neck dissection were used for model development and validation.ResultsNodal metastasis was significantly associated with gender, age, tumor size, site, pattern of invasion and depth of invasion on univariate analysis. All the five variables except age were retained at the variable selection step of the model development and were used in the final model because it was not significant at 0.10 significance level after adjusting for other variables. Regression coefficients of the model were used to estimate risks of nodal metastases for each combination of clinicopathological characteristics. A 10‐fold cross‐validation was used to assess the model. The average of the resultant 10 AUCs (along with its 95% confidence interval estimated using bootstrap) was used as the overall validated measure of the model. A risk chart was produced using probability of nodal metastasis predicted by the model for each combination of five characteristics. The model's ability to identify patients with nodal metastases as assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.752.ConclusionThe model based on established clinicopathological variables has been internally validated on a large cohort of patients and offers practicability for use in OSCCs of the tongue and buccal mucosa.
Effects of sodium humate and glutamine on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, blood parameters, and faecal microflora of pre‐weaned calves
Authors: Wang Dong , Jia Haotian , Du Yuanyi , Liu Yun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of administration of sodium humate (HNa) and glutamine (Gln) on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, serum parameters, and faecal microflora of pre‐weaned Holstein calves. In a 57‐day experiment, 28 healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (1) CON (control); (2) HNa (basal diet + 5% HNa); (3) Gln (basal diet + 1% Gln); and (4) HNa + Gln (basal diet + 5% HNa + 1% Gln). The calves in the CON group were fed with basal diet. HNa and Gln were alone or together mixed with milk (Days 1–20) or milk replacer (Days 21–57) and orally administered to each calf. The results indicated that calves combined supplemented with HNa and Gln had a higher average daily gain at 0–21 days, 21–57 days, and 0–57 days, and starter intake at 21–57 days and 0–57 days (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, calves in HNa, Gln, and HNa + Gln groups showed lower faecal scores and diarrhoea incidence at 0–21 days and 0–57 days (p < 0.05). Combined administration of HNa and Gln increased the concentration of IgG and IgA, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) but decreased the concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO), D‐lactic acid (D‐lac), TNF‐α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of calves compared with the CON group throughout the entire period (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were increased but the Escherichia coli was decreased in faecal grab samples of HNa + Gln group calves in comparison with the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined administration of HNa and Gln effectively improved the growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further reduced the diarrhoea incidence of the pre‐weaned calves.
Prevalence of iatrogenic heart murmurs in a population of apparently healthy cats
Authors: Howell K. L. , Ferasin L. , Walls A. , Smith N. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of iatrogenic heart murmurs in a population of apparently healthy cats and to investigate factors that may predispose cats to iatrogenic murmurs.Materials and MethodsApparently healthy cats presenting for routine examinations were prospectively enrolled. Following a physical examination to confirm there were no abnormalities, a cardiac examination was performed before and during a provocative manoeuvre performed independently by two clinicians. The provocative manoeuvre was performed on the right side of the chest wall by applying gentle pressure with a stethoscope to ascertain whether a murmur became audible, graded using a modified descriptive scale (soft/moderate). The cat's heart rate before and during the provocative manoeuvre and their age, sex, body condition score and bodyweight were recorded.ResultsOne hundred and six cats were prospectively enrolled. The average prevalence of iatrogenic murmurs was 28.2% with good interobserver agreement recorded on both the presence (kappa 0.67 and 0.62) and grade of the murmur (kappa 0.6 and 0.53). A significant association was noted between age and body condition score, with iatrogenic murmurs more likely in cats with increasing age and decreasing body condition score. There was no association between heart rate and the presence of an iatrogenic murmur.Clinical SignificanceIatrogenic murmurs are a common finding in cats with increasing prevalence noted in older and lean cats. Iatrogenic murmurs should therefore be considered as a differential diagnosis in a cat when an audible soft systolic right‐sided murmur occurs with gentle pressure application to the chest wall during auscultation.
Associations between Body Mass Index Trajectories in the first two years of life and Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema and Food Allergy outcomes up to early adulthood
Authors: Chang Chia‐Lun , Ali Gulshan Bano , Lodge Caroline J. , Abramson Michael J. , Erbas Bircan , Tang Mimi L. K. , Svanes Cecilie , Bui Dinh Son , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Lowe Adrian J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly life body mass index (BMI) trajectories influence the risk of asthma at 18 years of age. However, it is unclear if these are also associated with other allergic diseases.ObjectivesWe investigated the associations between BMI trajectories and subsequent allergic rhinitis, eczema and food sensitisation/allergies.MethodsParent‐reported anthropometric data were collected 18 times in the first two years of life from a cohort of 620 participants in a high‐risk cohort. Group‐based trajectory modelling was applied to develop BMI trajectories. Associations between trajectories and allergic rhinitis, eczema and food sensitisation at 6, 12 and 18 years of age were assessed using logistic regression models. Potential effect modifications by parental allergic disease, sex and allocated infant formula were assessed.ResultsWe identified five BMI trajectories: average, below average, persistently low, early low and catch up, and persistently high. None showed an association with allergic rhinitis. In participants with maternal allergic rhinitis, ‘early‐low and catch‐up’ (OR = 2.83;95%CI 1.34‐5.96, Pint = 0.05) and ‘below average’ trajectories (OR = 2.39; 1.18‐7.23, Pint = 0.02) were associated with allergic rhinitis at 18 years of age compared with the average trajectory. No associations were observed with eczema or food sensitisation.ConclusionInfants with early‐low and catch‐up, or below average BMI growth, were at increased risk of allergic rhinitis at 18 years if they had a mother with allergic rhinitis. These results require replication, but suggest that interactions between poor intrauterine growth, failure to thrive and maternal allergies may influence the risk of allergic rhinitis.
A case study of strategies for intentionally building course community to support diverse learners in an introductory statistics course
Authors: Taylor Laura L. , Doehler Kirsten , VanKrevelen Ryne , Weaver Mark A. , Trocki Aaron D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents a multi‐part initiative to support diverse learners by building class community and peer networks in an introductory statistics course. This was accomplished through multiple techniques, such as implementing icebreaker questions and using randomly assigned student working groups. The Socrative online software utilized regularly by instructors allowed students to be randomized into groups to collaboratively answer questions provided by the instructors. A multi‐part group project was also administered where students worked cooperatively to analyze swim race data from the 2016 Olympics. Students completed a pre‐semester survey in which they provided feedback on previous mathematics or statistics courses related to the level of course engagement, the benefit of group learning, and their ability to discuss course content during class. A post‐semester survey was administered to answer similar questions regarding the statistics course they were currently taking.
Knowledge Discovery in Engineering Applications Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Kubik Christian , Molitor Dirk Alexander , Becker Marco , Groche Peter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sensorial acquired process data combined with machine learning (ML) algorithms are fundamental for mastering the challenges of modern production systems, however, their potential is rarely exploited in real-world manufacturing applications. In this context, the literature presents systematic procedure models to generate knowledge from data, such as the cross industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM) model, which is used as a standard methodology for conducting data mining in industrial applications. However, these models do not take into account boundary conditions of manufacturing processes as well as the characteristics of the sensorial acquired data within these systems to generate knowledge. Therefore, this work presents a novel procedure model for knowledge discovery in time series and image data in engineering applications (KDT-EA). A holistic view of knowledge discovery in manufacturing processes becomes feasible with a strong focus on data acquisition, data preprocessing, and data transformation to generate reliable input data for ML models estimating the actual state of manufacturing processes. The process model supports operators in industry setting up a suitable measurement chain acquiring high-quality data and selecting preparation techniques depending on superimposed disturbances. Furthermore, it suggests data transformation techniques reducing the amount of data without losing informational value and establishing a basis for product-related inline monitoring. To quantify the benefits of KDT-EA and the impact of its phase on the quality of the generated knowledge, the novel procedure model is applied to an application in the field of inline wear detection on a sheet metal forming tool.