bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0212 Habitual Heavy Alcohol Drinking in Healthy Adults is Associated With Reduced Circadian Photoreceptor Responsivity to Light
Authors: Burgess Helen , Rizvydeen Muneer , Kikyo Fumitaka , Kebbeh Nema , Tan Michael , Roecklein Kathryn , Hasler Brant , King Andrea , Cao Dingcai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Habitual alcohol consumption and circadian timing are interconnected. Numerous studies have reported that heavy alcohol use is associated with eveningness. Only two studies have assessed the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) in the context of habitual alcohol use, and both reported a shorter DLMO-midsleep interval was associated with heavier alcohol consumption. A gap in this research is the potential impact of alcohol use on the primary circadian photoreceptor, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which influence circadian timing. This study aimed to compare sleep, circadian timing, and photoreceptor responsivity between light and heavy alcohol drinkers.

Methods
Participants were healthy (average age 27 years) and included 28 light (average 2.6 drinks/week) and 50 heavy (average 17.9 drinks/week) drinkers. They participated in an 8-day study protocol: 1 week of adlib sleep monitored with wrist actigraphy, followed by a 9-hour laboratory session with a photoreceptor responsivity (post-illumination pupil response, PIPR) and circadian phase assessment. Participants passed a breathalyzer test at the start of the laboratory session.

Results
Both drinking groups were good sleepers with minimal mood disturbance. Consistent with earlier studies, the heavy drinkers had more eveningness (p=0.029), and a trend for a shorter DLMO-midsleep interval (p=0.059) as compared to the light drinkers. The PIPR in the heavy drinkers was significantly smaller than in the light drinkers (p=0.006), suggesting reduced circadian photoreceptor responsivity in the heavy drinkers. In the light drinkers, a larger PIPR in the evening, reflecting greater sensitivity to phase-delaying light, was significantly associated with a later DLMO (r=0.42, p=0.028). However, this relationship was absent in the heavy drinkers (r=-0.07, p=0.68).

Conclusion
The findings replicate previous work examining the relationship between chronotype, DLMO, and habitual alcohol consumption. For the first time, circadian photoreceptor responsivity was examined, and found to be significantly reduced in heavy alcohol drinkers as compared to light alcohol drinkers. This finding is consistent with prior rodent studies that found reduced phase shifts to light with acute or chronic alcohol consumption, and suggests that habitual heavy alcohol use may impair the circadian response to light in humans.

Support (If Any)
Grant awarded from NIAAA R01 AA023839.
0218 N2 and wakefulness drive subjective sleep satisfaction in adults
Authors: Lok Renske , Chawra Dwijen , Hon Flora , Ha Michelle , Kaplan Kate , Zeitzer Jamie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The measurable aspects of brain function derivable from polysomnography (PSG) that are correlated with sleep satisfaction are poorly understood. Previously, a weak association of PSG measures with subjectively rated sleep depth and restfulness was shown. Using recent developments in automated sleep scoring, which remove the within- and between-rater error associated with human scoring, we revisit whether whole night PSG measurements are associated with sleep satisfaction. Additionally, we investigate if PSG data collected closer to wake time explains the subjective sleep experience better than whole night PSG.

Methods
Random Forest machine learning was used to investigate the relationship between PSG data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (N=3,165, middle-aged and older adults) and self-reported sleep satisfaction (restfulness, depth). PSG were rescored using a novel automated algorithm that generates both a sleep stage for each 15-s epoch as well as a stage matching probability. Data were also parsed into 20 minute-fragments based on time relative to wake.

Results
Models explained 30% of subjective sleep depth and 27% of subjective sleep restfulness, with a similar top four predictors: minutes of N2 and wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency, and age, capturing 28% (restfulness) and 26% (depth) of the relative model variance. With increasing subjective sleep quality, there was a progressive increase in N2 and decrease in WASO of similar magnitude, without systematic changes in N1, N3 or REM. In comparing those with the best and worst subjective experience of sleep, there is a range of approximately 30 minutes more N2, 30 minutes less WASO, an improvement of sleep efficiency of 7-8%, and an age span of 3-5 years. Random Forest models derived from PSG fragments closer to the offset of sleep did not provide better explanatory power compared to the whole-night data set.

Conclusion
Approximately one-third of the variance in two measures of self-reported sleep experience can be explained by whole-night PSG variables, notably an increase in N2 and decrease in wake that led to improved sleep efficiency. Interventions that specifically target these may be suitable for improving the self-reported sleep experience.

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0225 An assessment of the information quality, understandability, and actionability of popular YouTube videos on sleep and sleep disorders
Authors: Monten Kristen , Loeb Stacy , Le Colin , Diaby Fatoumata , Fray-Witzer Maya , Van den Bulck Jan , Robbins Rebecca 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The Internet and social media are widely used and surprisingly trusted sources of sleep health information. Despite the tremendous promise as platforms for sharing evidence-based information and supporting decision-making about sleep health and sleep disorders, this may not be the case. Few studies have examined the quality, understandability, and actionability of popular sleep health messages on the Internet and/or social media.

Methods
We identified the most widely viewed videos about “sleep” and “insomnia” on YouTube, which is the most widely used social media platform in the U.S. Two trained coders reviewed each video using two validated assessment tools: (1) DISCERN which rates the quality of information (scores ranging from 1 to 5, with 3 as the threshold for moderate to good quality), and (2) the Patient Education Material Assessment (PEMAT) tool for understandability and actionability (with scores from 0 to 100%, with 70% used as the threshold value). We also documented video reach (the number of times the video was viewed) and likability (the number of times a viewer provided a “thumbs up” after viewing), metrics provided by YouTube.

Results
Our search identified 21 popular videos on sleep and insomnia. The average reach of the videos analyzed was 8.4 million (range: 915,639 to 39,201,665) and average likability was 257,167 (19,000 to 1,600,000). The average DISCERN score was 2.6, below the threshold for information quality. The average PEMAT scores for understandability (67%) and actionability (63%) were below the threshold for understandability and actionability.

Conclusion
The most widely viewed videos about sleep and insomnia on YouTube had generally poor information quality, and were frequently difficult to understand.

Support (If Any)
SL is supported by the NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center Developmental Project Program, which is partially supported by the Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA016087
0228 Using Blue Light Therapy to Facilitate Recovery of Sleep and Psychological Functioning in PTSD
Authors: Killgore William , Pace-Schott Edward , Grandner Michael , Vanuk John , Reign Deva , Dailey Natalie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep problems are often described as the “hallmark symptoms” of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with PTSD show numerous disruptions of emotional functioning. Experimental evidence has shown that the ability to retain extinction memories following fear conditioning is impaired in people with PTSD. Because of the key role of sleep in memory consolidation and emotional regulation, we hypothesized that regulating sleep and circadian rhythms with morning blue-wavelength light therapy would facilitate emotional recovery and the ability to retain extinction memories.

Methods
Eighty-four individuals with PTSD (56 female; Age=31.38, SD=8.9) underwent a well-validated fear conditioning and extinction protocol and were then randomly assigned to receive either 6-weeks of BLUE (469 nm; n=44) or placebo AMBER (578 nm; n=40) morning light therapy for 30-minutes daily. Participants returned to undergo post-treatment extinction recall when exposed to the same previously conditioned stimuli, and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while the same images were presented. Participants also completed a variety of emotional and mental health outcome measures and wore an actigraph to measure sleep over the 6-weeks.

Results
There was a significant interaction between light condition and time in bed and total sleep time (p&lt;.05) indicating significant increases in sleep with blue versus amber light over treatment. Additionally, declines in symptoms of PTSD on the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) correlated with improvements in sleep for the blue, but not the amber light, group (all p-values &lt;.05). During the fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, blue light was associated with significantly greater extinction recall compared to the amber light condition (p=.05). Finally, blue light resulted in decreased fMRI activation within the right amygdala and increased activation within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the previously feared and extinguished stimuli.

Conclusion
Blue light treatment was more effective than amber placebo at increasing sleep quantity, shifting circadian bedtime, reducing PTSD symptom severity, facilitating the retention of extinction memories, and reducing neural fear responses to previously feared stimuli. We suggest that improvements in sleep led to greater consolidation of extinction memories. These findings suggest that blue light treatment may facilitate treatment gains by improving sleep.

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0229 Concerns about the future linked with poor sleep quality in U.S. Army Soldiers withdrawing from Afghanistan
Authors: Mantua Janna , Overman Grace , Huang Kathleen , Eldringhood Hannah , Chaudhury Sidhartha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
A special operations unit of U.S. Soldiers rotated through Afghanistan from October, 2001 to the U.S. drawdown in 2020-2021. For these Soldiers, the drawdown has led to uncertainties about the future of the unit and their careers. Psychological stress resulting from these uncertainties could lead to sleep disturbances. This study assessed the relationship between attitudes about the Afghanistan drawdown and sleep.

Methods
A survey was broadly distributed in July-August 2021. To assess attitudes about the drawdown, participants were asked whether they felt changes in their personal readiness had occurred since the drawdown began. They were asked how they believed the unit should support Afghanistan in the future (remain in Afghanistan, support only through airstrikes, or no further support). Lastly, Soldiers were asked whether the drawdown made them more likely to switch to another unit, get out of the Army, or no change. Subjective sleep quality and duration from the month prior was assessed. Due to the abrupt fall of Kabul, the survey was discontinued earlier than planned, resulting in 35 participants.

Results
Soldiers were 32.80±5.99 years old. They had been in the unit for 8.89±5.71 years and had deployed to Afghanistan 5.14±3.14 times. The average sleep duration was 6.66±0.79 hours, and the average sleep quality was 63.39%±21.63%. There were no relationships between attitudes and sleep duration. However, regression analyses showed those who reported increased stress (B=18.16, p=.01), decreased morale (B=2.97, p=.006), and decreased motivation (B=2.69, p=.01) since the drawdown began had poorer sleep quality. ANOVA tests showed Soldiers who believed the unit should remain in Afghanistan had poorer sleep quality than those endorsing only air support or no involvement (F(2,29)=6.39, p=.005). Further, those who endorsed being more likely to make a career change had poorer sleep quality than those with no changes in career plans (F(2,29)=3.53, p=.04).

Conclusion
These results indicate that psychological distress resulting from the drawdown may be impacting sleep quality in this unit. Continuous monitoring of sleep quality may prove to be a sensitive indicator of elevated stress at the unit level.

Support (If Any)
Support for this study came from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC). Material has been reviewed by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. There is no objection to its presentation and/or publication. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors, and are not to be construed as official, or as reflecting true views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. The investigators have adhered to the policies for protection of human subjects as prescribed in AR 70–25. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
0230 Vaping and Sleep as Predictors of Adolescent Suicidality
Authors: Welty Cody , Nair Uma , Gerald Lynn , Skobic Iva , Morales Mario , Haynes Patricia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Suicide is a leading cause of death for adolescents aged 14-18. Because of the challenges of suicide prevention interventions (e.g., cost or effectiveness), it is critical to examine potential, modifiable risk factors related to adolescent suicide. This study examined self-reported suicidality, vaping, and sleep quantity among high school students in the U.S. We investigated sleep quantity as a moderator of vaping and multiple aspects of suicidality (thoughts, plans, and attempts). This study is, to our knowledge, the first to examine the effects of both vaping and sleep on suicide outcomes.

Methods
Authors utilized responses from adolescents with complete data on the primary outcome of a suicide attempt in the past year in the 2019 Youth Risk Behaviors Survey (n=10,520). Logistic regression was utilized to estimate the main effects of vaping in the past 30 days, sleep hours on school nights, and the interaction of vaping and sleep on suicide attempts (primary outcome), suicidal thoughts (secondary outcome), and suicide plans (secondary outcome).

Results
Students who vaped in the past month had 2.78 (95% CI = [2.171-3.549]) times the odds of a suicide attempt in the last year compared to students who did not vape. Students who slept less than seven hours had 1.93 (95% CI = [1.583-2.352]) times the odds of a suicide attempt in the last year compared to students who slept seven or more hours. Sleep quantity moderated the relationship between vaping and suicidal thoughts in the past year but did not moderate the relationship between vaping and a suicide plan or suicide attempts. Specifically, vaping had a reduced effect on suicidal thoughts among students who slept under seven hours.

Conclusion
Adolescents who vaped in the past month or who reported less than 7 hours of sleep on school nights had significantly higher odds of reporting a suicide attempt in the past year. Students who vape or report low sleep quantity would be ideal participants in suicide prevention interventions as they may be at higher risk for suicidality. Organizations implementing sleep or vaping interventions should incorporate information regarding the higher odds of suicide among students with low sleep quantity or vaping habits.

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0233 Sleep Quality and Disturbances, Emotional Regulation and Resiliency in Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gauthier-Gagné Gabrielle , Jensen Jana , Somerville Gail , Little Charlotte , West Gwyneth , Daigneault Justine , Risi Nicolette , Gruber Reut 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve internationally, increasing levels of psychological stress in adolescents around the world, and thereby increasing their risk for emotional disorders associated with chronic stress. This ongoing threat to adolescents’ mental health requires that we identify factors that contribute to their ability to cope with situations shown to carry significant risks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., their resiliency).Negative emotions are associated with chronic stress, and factors that reduce levels of negative emotions are associated with improved resiliency. Healthier sleep is associated with lower levels of negative emotions. Cognitive reappraisal (changing the way one thinks about potentially emotion-eliciting events) is an emotional regulation strategy that downregulates negative emotions. However, there is little information about the associations between sleep quality, emotional regulation, and resiliency in adolescents. The present study sought to fill this gap by examining the associations between adolescents’ sleep quality and disturbances, emotional regulation strategies and adolescents’ resiliency during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Forty-five adolescents (M=13.47, SD=1.7 years) participated in the study during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada (May 15 to June 30, 2020). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess adolescents’ self-reported sleep quality and disturbances. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was used to assess respondents' tendencies to regulate their emotions using cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used to measure resilience. Behavioral/emotional problems were assessed before the pandemic using the Youth Self Report (YSR).

Results
Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses revealed that lower levels of sleep disturbances and frequent use of cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions were associated with a higher level of resiliency during the COVID-19 pandemic, above and beyond the contributions of gender or pre-pandemic emotional or behavioral problems.

Conclusion
Better sleep quality and the habitual use of an emotional regulation strategy that is effective in downregulating negative emotions are associated with higher resiliency in adolescents facing the COVID-19 pandemic. The cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow the inference of causation.

Support (If Any)
CIHR 418638 to Reut GruberRGPIN-2015-04467 to Reut Gruber
0234 Salivary α-Amylase Response to Repeated Exposure to Acute Stressors Is Altered by Sleep Deprivation
Authors: Lundholm Kirsie , James Stephen , Honn Kimberly , Hansen Devon , Van Dongen Hans , Satterfield Brieann 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Salivary α-amylase (sAA), a biomarker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, is believed to reflect physiological responsiveness to stressors. Although exposure to stressors often co-occurs with sleep deprivation, little is known about their combined effects. We investigated the sAA response following repeated exposure to acute stressors at well-rested baseline and during total sleep deprivation (TSD).

Methods
As part of a larger study, N=8 healthy subjects (ages 29.0±6.6; 4 females) participated in a 4-day/3-night laboratory-based experiment. Subjects had 38h TSD preceded and followed by 10h sleep opportunities (22:00–08:00). On days 2 (baseline) and 3 (TSD), subjects completed two (A, B) deadly-force decision-making simulations in a high-fidelity shooting simulator with 30min rest between sessions. During each simulation, subjects (who were civilians) acted as police officers while viewing interactive videos depicting stressful law enforcement emergency response scenarios involving deadly-force decision-making. In these scenarios, subjects attempted to de-escalate the situations in the scenarios using verbal commands. If unsuccessful, they were to determine if the use of (simulated) deadly force was necessary and respond accordingly. Saliva samples were collected immediately before the first simulation of the baseline and TSD days, and immediately, 15min, and 30min after each simulation. Samples were assayed in duplicate using a sAA kinetic enzyme assay; results were normalized against the first pre-stressor sample of the baseline day.

Results
Post-simulation sAA values normalized to reference were analyzed with mixed-effects ANOVA with fixed effects of day and sample and their interaction and a random effect over subjects on the intercept. There was a significant effect of sample (F[5,76]=3.38, p=0.008) indicating that sAA spiked immediately after each deadly-force decision-making simulation. Planned comparisons revealed significantly blunted sAA during TSD compared to baseline immediately after the second simulation of the day (t[76]=2.09, p=0.040).

Conclusion
In our sample of civilian subjects, the deadly-force decision-making simulations elicited a sAA response, which was blunted after the second simulation on the day subjects were sleep-deprived, suggesting that TSD mediates the biological response to repeated exposure to acute stressors. Whether this result generalizes to police officers and military personnel trained in deadly-force decision-making remains to be determined.

Support (If Any)
ONR grant N00014-13-1-0302
0236 The First Night Effect In Adolescents With And Without Insomnia
Authors: Yuksel Dilara , Arra Nicole , Dulai Teji , Volpe Laila , Camacho Leticia , Obilor Todd , Hsu Carrie , Kiss Orsolya , Prouty Devin , Baker Fiona , de Zambotti Massimiliano 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Insomnia in adolescence is a common and debilitating condition, and vulnerability to stress is known to play a major role its development. In this study, we investigated the effects of sleeping under stress in a sample of adolescents with and without clinically significant insomnia symptoms. The first night in the laboratory was used as an established experimental paradigm for eliciting stress through exposure to an unfamiliar environment.

Methods
Forty-one postpubertal adolescents (18.4 ± 0.7 years) with (n=14, 9 girls) and without (n=27, 16 girls) DSM-5 insomnia symptoms completed two non-consecutive polysomnographic (PSG) nights in the laboratory. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyze differences in PSG sleep measures between the first and subsequent night, with group (insomnia vs. control) and sex as between-subject factors.

Results
Both groups showed a robust stress effect on the first night, characterized by lower sleep efficiency (↓2.2%) and total sleep time (↓6.4%), and more awakenings (↑12.4%) compared with the subsequent night (p&lt;0.05). Both groups also had less non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) (↓4.9%) and REM (↓18.8%) sleep on the first night. Girls with insomnia had lower amounts of REM sleep than boys with insomnia on both nights (p&lt;0.05). Both groups perceived higher levels of pre-sleep somatic (↑10.3%) and total (↑7.2%) arousal on the first night compared to the subsequent night (p&lt;0.05). For cognitive arousal, there was a night-group-sex interaction effect: while controls showed no changes between the two nights, boys with insomnia reported significantly lower pre-sleep cognitive arousal levels on the subsequent laboratory night compared to the first night (↓32.9%), whereas cognitive arousal levels remained elevated on the subsequent night in girls with insomnia (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Sleeping for the first time in the laboratory leads to greater pre-sleep arousal and disrupts sleep in adolescents with and without insomnia symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the female vulnerability in the manifestation of stress-related hyperarousal, particularly in the context of insomnia development during adolescence.

Support (If Any)
This study was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant R01 HL139652 (MdZ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views the National Institutes of Health.