bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One regulator: diversified Shariah governance practices, why?
Authors: Alam Md. Kausar , Islam Mohammad Shofiqul , Islam Fakir Tajul , Tabash Mosab I. , Sahabuddin Mohammad , Alauddin Muhammad 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the reasons behind the growing diverse practices of Shariah governance (SG) among Islamic banks in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected through a semi-structured interview process from the concerned authorities (Shariah supervisory board members, Shariah department officers, central bank executives and banking professional experts) related to SG and Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The data has been analyzed by NVivo software.FindingsThe results of the study show that SG mechanisms are different due to the lack of unique comprehensive SG guidelines and the absence of a Centralized Shariah Supervisory Board (CSSB) under the Central Bank. The self-developed practices, the diversified opinions and viewpoints of the Board of Directors (BOD), banks' policies, business motivations and profit intention are also responsible for diversified SG practices. The diverse understandings and explanations of Shariah, Madhab (school of thought) and rulings are also responsible for the different practices of SG in Bangladesh.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has unique implications for the regulatory authorities and Islamic banks in Bangladesh. The study explored the diverse reasons for numerous applications of SG guidelines which will be beneficial for the central bank and regulators to resolve the issues by outlying unique SG guidelines.Originality/valueThis study outlines the reasons for dissimilar practices of SG by the Islamic banks in Bangladesh, which will be beneficial for Islamic banks and the central bank of Bangladesh.
Factors affecting organizational resilience in megaprojects: a leader–employee perspective
Authors: Wang Dedong , Zhao Xiaoru , Zhang Kangning 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe increasingly uncertain and unstable factors in the internal and external environments of megaprojects lead to more potential crises and challenges, hence increasing the importance of improving organizational resilience. This study aimed to explore the effects of transformational leadership and employee self-efficacy on organizational resilience from a leader–employee perspective.Design/methodology/approachBy combining the perspectives of leaders and employees, this study constructed a development mechanism of the organizational resilience of megaprojects. Organizational climate and organizational learning were selected as two organizational resources to study the mediating roles of leaders and employees. A partial least-squares structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses based on data collected from 243 respondents.FindingsResults show that transformational leadership and employee self-efficacy positively affect organizational resilience and organizational resources. Organizational learning positively mediates the effects of leader–employee factors on organizational resilience, whereas organizational climate does not.Originality/valueThis study verifies the positive role of transformational leadership and employee self-efficacy in organizational resilience and reveals the development mechanism of using organizational resources to build organizational resilience. This paper enlightens project managers and employees on how to well respond to the uncertainty and complexity of megaprojects.
Performance measurement and evaluation: applying return on investment (ROI) to human capital investments
Authors: Dadd Deneise , Hinton Matthew 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the growing use of financial metrics (such as return on investment [ROI]) to measure performance and evaluate human capital (HC) investments.Design/methodology/approachThe research employed an embedded case study approach, examining how one ROI approach was applied to evaluating HC investments, across three sectors (corporate, public health and international development).FindingsThree major findings emerged in this study: First, interpretations of ROI can lead to ambiguity during implementation. ROI is interpreted trichotomously – metaphorically, as a desire for value; literally, as a metric; and procedurally, as a method for planning and evaluating HC investments. Second, understanding, measuring and tracking the domains of people performance (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) is vital to evaluating the impact of HC investments because this is where the change in behavior occurs. Third, although the logic model measures the change in process following an intervention (input-activity-output-outcome-impact), other approaches measure the change in behavior of people in the intervention (people performance).Practical implicationsThese findings provide clarity for practitioners about challenges when applying ROI.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore how the ROI financial metric is applied in a new domain by first examining its interpretation. It elucidates the use of ROI in practice, as well as the different purposes of key ROI approaches.
Effects of organizational culture, affective commitment and trust on knowledge-sharing tendency
Authors: Ng Keith Yong Ngee 
Published: June 2022

PurposePrevailing corporate culture coupled with affective trust in co-workers and affective organizational commitment may promote or hinder the tendency for people to share knowledge. This study aims to determine whether knowledge-sharing tendency varies from one form of organizational culture to another by examining the concurrent mediation of affective trust in co-workers and affective organizational commitment and provide insights for appropriate knowledge-sharing initiatives.Design/methodology/approachAdult learners (N= 408) enrolled in the MBA and MSc postgraduate programs at five private universities in Singapore participated in a two-part self-administered anonymous survey. Data were analyzed with SmartPLS partial-least squares structural equation modeling using a two-stage analytical technique that examined the measurement and structural models.FindingsThe concurrent effects of affective trust in co-workers and affective organizational commitment complementarily mediated the relationship of organizational culture on the knowledge-sharing tendency for adhocracy, clan and market cultures but fully mediated for hierarchy culture.Practical implicationsThis study provides insights for managers to understand the characteristics of their organizational culture and choose appropriate practices for improving knowledge-sharing tendency among its employees.Originality/valueA model is established to determine the type of organizational culture that facilitates knowledge-sharing tendency. It offers new theoretical insights into how and why affective trust in co-workers and affective organizational commitment impact the relationship of organizational culture on knowledge-sharing tendency. Understanding these relationships can provide valuable insights into various strategies for different organizational cultures to increase employees’ knowledge-sharing tendency.
Responding to COVID‐19: International nonprofits' stakeholder channels, resource pressures and governance responses
Authors: Willems Emma L. , Van Puyvelde Stijn , Jegers Marc , Raeymaeckers Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) health crisis imposes severe pressures on nonprofit organizations, which must be resilient to respond effectively to extreme environmental tensions. We combined resource dependence theory with stakeholder theory to frame to what extent nonprofits experienced resource pressures through various stakeholder channels and the nonprofit governance responses. We empirically investigated international medical research and education nonprofits during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our results indicate resource decreases in nearly all stakeholder channels. In response, nonprofit boards increased activity levels by mainly focusing on adapting organizational offerings and increasing support to the organization. Managerial executives also increased their activity levels, by focusing on safeguarding financial stability, planning and adapting operations to confinement measures.
Classification of fired cartridge cases using 3D image capture and a comparison of database correlation method performance
Authors: Kara Ilker , Karatatar Alihan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen firearms are used, they leave unique marks on the fired bullets and shells. Examining these marks gives clues about the crime scene and the weapon of the crime. However, due to the increase in the number of incidents in which firearms are used, the increase in the amount of evidence makes ballistic investigations very difficult and prolongs the analysis time of the evidence. With the automatic image analysis and identification system, ballistic evidence can be examined very quickly and used to classify possible matching evidences. In this study, we present an approach based on Image Similarity Measurement for forensic examination of cartridges from automatic pistols. For this purpose, we used 500 images of 9 × 19 mm and 500 images of 7.65 × 17 mm cartridge cases obtained from 20 different brands and models of pistols. We divided the images of bullet cartridges into four different categories as breech face, firing pin, ejector mark, and combined evaluation, and we obtained these images from the BALİSTİKA 2010 system. We investigated the classification and matching performance of the obtained four category images using 4 different methods: Structural Similarity (SSIM), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Universal Image Quality Index (UQI). The results show that our Structural Similarity (SSIM) approach is effective in classifying and matching ballistic evidence.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of gynaecologic emergencies: A pictorial essay
Authors: Ichikawa Shintaro , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGynaecologic emergencies include diseases resulting from adnexal and uterine disorders. Some emergencies are life threatening; however, they often have non‐specific symptoms and physical findings. Thus, imaging diagnosis is important for evaluating these conditions. The first‐choice modality for obstetrics and gynaecology is ultrasonography; however, some cases require computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for correct diagnosis. Treatment options for gynaecologic emergencies vary from conservative therapy to emergency surgery, thus a correct diagnosis is critical. The purpose of this article is to describe notable CT and MRI findings of gynaecologic emergencies, which will help emergency department physicians arrive at the correct diagnosis and thus facilitate optimal treatment for patients.
Strategic Entry Decisions, Accounting Signals, and Risk Management Disclosure*
Authors: Zou Youli 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThis study provides evidence that hedge accounting information under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, is related to rivals' market entry decisions. Documenting accounting information's relevance to competition decisions requires context‐specific settings. Using data for the airline industry in the United States, I predict and find that entrants are less likely to enter routes in which incumbents report higher accumulated other comprehensive income from fuel hedging, an indication of lower future operating costs. As predicted, this relation is stronger after the adoption of SFAS 161, Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, in 2008, a systemic shock that significantly increases risk management disclosure requirements. The findings illustrate the product market relevance of hedge accounting signals and disclosure in the US airline industry and extend the understanding of SFAS 133 and SFAS 161 beyond the capital markets.
Genetic trade‐offs between complex diseases and longevity
Authors: Hu Dingxue , Li Yan , Zhang Detao , Ding Jiahong , Song Zijun , Min Junxia , Zeng Yi , Nie Chao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLongevity was influenced by many complex diseases and traits. However, the relationships between human longevity and genetic risks of complex diseases were not broadly studied. Here, we constructed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for 225 complex diseases/traits and evaluated their relationships with human longevity in a cohort with 2178 centenarians and 2299 middle‐aged individuals. Lower genetic risks of stroke and hypotension were observed in centenarians, while higher genetic risks of schizophrenia (SCZ) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were detected in long‐lived individuals. We further stratified PRSs into cell‐type groups and significance‐level groups. The results showed that the immune component of SCZ genetic risk was positively linked to longevity, and the renal component of T2D genetic risk was the most deleterious. Additionally, SNPs with very small p‐values (p ≤ 1x10‐5) for SCZ and T2D were negatively correlated with longevity. While for the less significant SNPs (1x10‐5 < p ≤ 0.05), their effects on disease and longevity were positively correlated. Overall, we identified genetically informed positive and negative factors for human longevity, gained more insights on the accumulation of disease risk alleles during evolution, and provided evidence for the theory of genetic trade‐offs between complex diseases and longevity.
Porcine spleen as a model organ for blunt injury impact tests: An experimental and histological study
Authors: Kochová Petra , Malečková Anna , Pálek Richard , Liška Václav , Bońkowski Tomasz , Horák Miroslav , Grajciarová Martina , Tonar Zbyněk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe spleen is a large and highly vascularized secondary lymphatic organ. Spleen injuries are among the most frequent trauma‐related injuries in the abdominal region. The aims of the study were to assess the volume fractions of the main splenic tissue components (red pulp, white pulp, trabeculae and reticular fibres) and to determine the severity of splenic injury due to the experimental impact test. Porcine spleens (n = 17) were compressed by 6.22 kg wooden plate using a drop tower technique from three impact heights (50, 100 and 150 mm corresponding to velocities 0.79, 1.24 and 1.58 m/s). The pressure was measured via catheters placed in the splenic vein. The impact velocity was measured using lasers. The severity of induced injuries was analysed on the macroscopic level. The volume fractions of splenic components were assessed microscopically using stereology. The volume fraction of the red pulp was 76.4%, white pulp 21.3% and trabeculae 2.7% respectively. All impact tests, even with the low impact velocities, led to injuries that occurred mostly in the dorsal extremity of the spleen, and were accompanied by bleeding, capsule rupture and parenchyma crushing. Higher impact height (impact velocity and impact energy) caused more severe injury. Porcine spleen had the same volume fraction of tissue components as human spleen, therefore we concluded that the porcine spleen was a suitable organ model for mechanical experiments. Based on our observations, regions around hilum and the diaphragmatic surface of the dorsal extremity, that contained fissures and notches, were the most prone to injury and required considerable attention during splenic examination after injury. The primary mechanical data are now available for the researchers focused on the splenic trauma modelling.
Carotid body responses to O2 and CO2 in hypoxia‐tolerant naked mole rats
Authors: Peng Ying‐Jie , Nanduri Jayasri , Wang Ning , Khan Shakil A. , Pamenter Matthew E. , Prabhakar Nanduri R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimNaked mole rats (NMRs) exhibit blunted hypoxic (HVR) and hypercapnic ventilatory responses (HCVR). The mechanism(s) underlying these responses are largely unknown. We hypothesized that attenuated carotid body (CB) sensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia contributes to the near absence of ventilatory responses to hypoxia and CO2 in NMRs.MethodsWe measured ex vivo CB sensory nerve activity, phrenic nerve activity (an estimation of ventilation), and blood gases in urethane‐anesthetized NMRs and C57BL/6 mice breathing normoxic, hypoxic, or hypercapnic gases. CB morphology, carbon monoxide, and H2S levels were also determined.ResultsRelative to mice, NMRs had blunted CB and HVR. Morphologically, NMRs have larger CBs, which contained more glomus cells than in mice. Furthermore, NMR glomus cells form a dispersed pattern compared to a clustered pattern in mice. Hemeoxygenase (HO)‐1 mRNA was elevated in NMR CBs, and an HO inhibitor increased CB sensitivity to hypoxia in NMRs. This increase was blocked by an H2S synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that interrupted gas messenger signaling contributes to the blunted CB responses and HVR in NMRs. Regarding hypercapnia, CB and ventilatory responses to CO2 in NMRs were larger than in mice. Carbonic anhydrase (CA)‐2 mRNA is elevated in NMR CBs, and a CA inhibitor blocked the augmented CB response to CO2 in NMRs, indicating CA activity regulates augmented CB response to CO2.ConclusionsConsistent with our hypothesis, impaired CB responses to hypoxia contribute in part to the blunted HVR in NMRs. Conversely, the HCVR and CB are more sensitive to CO2 in NMRs.
Chicago classification v4.0 protocol improves specificity and accuracy of diagnosis of oesophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Ghisa Matteo , Del Corso Giulio , Baiano Svizzero Federica , Mariani Lucia , Tolone Salvatore , Frazzoni Marzio , Buda Andrea , Bellini Massimo , Savarino Vincenzo , Penagini Roberto , Gyawali C. Prakash , Savarino Edoardo V. , de Bortoli Nicola 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundChicago classification version 4.0 (CCv4.0) introduced stringent diagnostic criteria for oesophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), in order to increase the clinical relevance of the diagnosis, although this has not yet been demonstrated.AimsTo determine the prevalence of EGJOO using CCv4.0 criteria in patients with CCv3.0‐based EGJOO, and to assess if provocative manoeuvres can predict a conclusive CCv4.0 diagnosis of EGJOO.MethodsClinical presentation, high resolution manometry (HRM) with rapid drink challenge (RDC), and timed barium oesophagogram (TBE) data were extracted for patients diagnosed with EGJOO as per CCv3.0 between 2018 and 2020. Patients were then re‐classified according to CCv4.0 criteria, using clinically relevant symptoms (dysphagia and/or chest pain), and abnormal barium emptying at 5 min on TBE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses identified HRM predictors of EGJOO.ResultsOf 2010 HRM studies, 144 (7.2%) fulfilled CCv3.0 criteria for EGJOO (median age 61 years, 56.9% female). Upon applying CCv4.0 criteria, EGJOO prevalence decreased to 1.2%. On ROC analysis, integrated relaxation pressure during RDC (RDC‐IRP) was a significant predictor of a conclusive EGJOO diagnosis by CCv4.0 criteria (area under the curve: 96.1%). The optimal RDC‐IRP threshold of 16.7 mm Hg had 87% sensitivity, 97.1% specificity, 95.7% negative predictive value and 91.3% positive predictive value for a conclusive EGJOO diagnosis; lower thresholds (10 mmHg, 12 mmHg) had better sensitivity but lower specificity.ConclusionCCv4.0 criteria reduced the prevalence of EGJOO by 80%, thereby refining the diagnosis and identifying clinically relevant outflow obstruction. Elevated RDC‐IRP can predict conclusive EGJOO per CCv4.0.
Subset Selection for Linear Mixed Models
Authors: Kowal Daniel R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLinear mixed models (LMMs) are instrumental for regression analysis with structured dependence, such as grouped, clustered, or multilevel data. However, selection among the covariates—while accounting for this structured dependence—remains a challenge. We introduce a Bayesian decision analysis for subset selection with LMMs. Using a Mahalanobis loss function that incorporates the structured dependence, we derive optimal linear coefficients for (i) any given subset of variables and (ii) all subsets of variables that satisfy a cardinality constraint. Crucially, these estimates inherit shrinkage or regularization and uncertainty quantification from the underlying Bayesian model, and apply for any well-specified Bayesian LMM. More broadly, our decision analysis strategy deemphasizes the role of a single “best” subset, which is often unstable and limited in its information content, and instead favors a collection of near-optimal subsets. This collection is summarized by key member subsets and variable-specific importance metrics. Customized subset search and out-of-sample approximation algorithms are provided for more scalable computing. These tools are applied to simulated data and a longitudinal physical activity dataset, and demonstrate excellent prediction, estimation, and selection ability.
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) mutation in the context of therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Volpe Virginia O. , Al Ali Najla , Chan Onyee , Padron Eric , Sallman David A. , Kuykendall Andrew , Sweet Kendra , Lancet Jeffrey E. , Komrokji Rami S. 
Published: June 2022

SummarySplicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) somatic mutation in the context of therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndromes (t‐MDS) has not been well defined. In a large cohort of patients with MDS, those with known SF3B1 somatic mutation were compared as de novo MDS (n = 289) and t‐MDS with mutant SF3B1 (SF3B1mut; n = 31). Baseline characteristics, concomitant mutations, and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) transformation were similar between the two groups. The median overall survival (OS) of de novo MDS SF3B1mut was significantly longer compared to t‐MDS SF3B1mut but not significantly different when adjusted for comorbidities. Comparing t‐MDS wild‐type SF3B1 (SF3B1WT; n = 241) to t‐MDS SF3B1mut (n = 31), complex cytogenetics were seen in 37.4% versus 10.3% (p = 0.009), tumour protein p53 (TP53) mutation was 36.1% versus 10% (p = 0.004), and AML transformation was 34.4% compared to 12.9% (p = 0.016) respectively. OS was significantly shorter in SF3B1WT versus SF3B1mut. When applying the International Working Group for Prognosis of MDS (IWG‐PM) proposed SF3B1 criteria, OS was significantly shorter in SF3B1mut t‐MDS compared to de novo MDS SF3B1mut with no significance in AML transformation. Survival was compared between t‐MDS SF3B1mut who met the new proposed IWG‐PM criteria to t‐MDS SF3B1mut who did not meet criteria to survival of SF3B1WT t‐MDS. OS was 53 versus 22 and 18 months respectively (p = 0.006). AML transformation was 0%, 26.7% and 32.3% (p = 0.021). Leukaemia‐free survival was not reached among the three.