bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Transdermal delivery of allopurinol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier in the treatment of gout
Authors: Ali Zakir , Din Fakhar ud , Zahid Fatima , Sohail Saba , Imran Basalat , Khan Salman , Malik Maimoona , Zeb Alam , Khan Gul Majid 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is a first line drug for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. Being the member of BCS class II drugs, ALP has solubility problem, which affects its bioavailability. Also, ALP has shorter half-life and showed GI related problems. In present study, ALP was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to ensure enhanced bioavailability, improved efficacy and safety in vivo.

Methodology
ALP-loaded NLCs were fabricated by micro-emulsion technique. The prepared NLCs were optimized via design expert in term of particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. FTIR, PXRD and TEM analysis were carried out to check chemical interaction, polymorphic form and surface morphology of the optimized formulation. ALP-loaded NLCs were then loaded into HPMC based poloxamer-407 gel and were characterized. In vitro and ex vivo analysis were carried out via dialysis membrane method and franz diffusion cell, respectively. Uric acid was used for induction of gout and the anti-gout activity of ALP-loaded NLCs gel was performed and compared with ALP suspension.

Results
The optimized formulation had particles in nano-range (238.13 nm) with suitable zeta potential (-31.5 mV), poly-dispersity index (0.115) and entrapment of 87.24%. FTIR results confirmed absence of chemical interaction among formulation ingredients. XRD indicated amorphous nature of ALP-loaded NLCs, whereas TEM analysis confirmed spherical morphology of nanoparticles. The optimized formulation was successfully loaded in to gel and characterized accordingly. The in vitro release and drug release kinetics models showed sustained release of the drug from ALP-loaded NLCs gel. Furthermore, about 28 fold enhanced permeation was observed from ALP-loaded NLCs gel as compared to conventional gel. Skin irritation study disclosed safety of ALP-loaded NLCs gel for transdermal application. Furthermore, ALP-loaded NLCs gel showed significantly enhanced anti-gout activity in Sprague–Dawley rats after transdermal administration as compared to oral ALP suspension.

Conclusion
ALP-loaded NLCs gel after transdermal administration sustained the drug release, avoid gastrointestinal side effects and enhance the anti-gout performance of ALP. It can be concluded, that NLCs have the potential to deliver drugs via transdermal route as indicated in case of allopurinol.
Predictability of crowding resolution in clear aligner treatment
Authors: Fiori Adriana , Minervini Giuseppe , Nucci Ludovica , d’Apuzzo Fabrizia , Perillo Letizia , Grassia Vincenzo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To assess the predictability of crowding resolution and the efficacy of different strategies to gain space during clear aligners treatment.

Methods
A total of 10 clinicians were randomly recruited using the Doctor Locator by Align Technology (California). For each clinician, four consecutive patients treated with aligners and manual stripping were selected for a total of 40 subjects. Thus, 80 arches were collected and uploaded on the Orthoanalyzer software for arch measurements. The data were gained on the starting arch form (T0), on the virtual arch developed with digital planning (vT1), and on the arch form achieved at the end of the aligner sequences (T1). The following parameters were scored: Little's Irregularity Index, transversal arch diameters, (intercuspid, interpremolar, and intermolar width), incisor position/arch length, and enamel interproximal reduction (IPR).

Results
For all the measurements, statistically significant differences were found at different stages. The predictability of crowding resolution was very high, ranging from 87% in the upper arch and 81% in the lower one. Among the different strategies to gain space, variations in sagittal incisor position were predictable, with a value of 70% both in the upper and lower arch. Conversely, changes in arch diameters were less reliable varying between 49 and 67% in the lower arch and 59–83% in the upper one. Moreover, IPR was the least accurate procedure, wavering at 49% in the upper arch and 42% in the lower arch.

Conclusions
The predictability of crowding resolution during treatment with aligners was high. However, the virtual arch forms obtained at the end of digital planning (vT1) did not correspond with the arch forms at the end of the aligner sequences (T1). The IPR was the least predictable strategy to gain space, being, perhaps, an operator-dependent procedure.
Oral Histories in the Black Pacific
Authors: Carcelén-Estrada Antonia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines women’s erasure from the Spanish colonial imagination in South America. While Black women are completely absent in the official colonial narratives about the various frontier expeditions to Esmeraldas featured in documents housed at the Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain, they are certainly present in testimonial records in court archives in the American colonies, and often appear demanding their freedom. Meanwhile, in the Black Pacific, a territory always conceived as free despite the lack of written records, the African diaspora prospered with a river economy that still depends today on the health of rivers, mangroves, and the ocean. In the Chocó, women carried ancestral knowledge in chants, by planting, through cooking, praying, or fishing, sustaining the memory of a territory that conceived itself as outside master-slave relations. Yet Black women’s role in shaping national history is hard to trace. Oral history projects in Bojayá and Esmeraldas are trying to change that by bridging the digital archive, by using memory and orality as shields of truth, and by using traditional methods such as song and prayer to access the knowledge for resistance and re-existence that is needed today in the defense of the Chocó against deadly extractivist development. The encoding of women’s legacies in the Black Pacific serves as an example of how Blackness and freedom continue to be political concepts in this important diaspora that is developing decolonial methodologies that do not neatly fit in the confines of the Afropolitan, especially when it comes to class and migration.
The microtubule end-binding proteins EB1 and Patronin modulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of myosin and pattern pulsed apical constriction
Authors: Guru Anwesha , Saravanan Surat , Sharma Deepanshu , Narasimha Maithreyi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Apical constriction powers amnioserosa contraction during Drosophila dorsal closure. The nucleation, movement and dispersal of apicomedial actomyosin complexes generates pulsed apical constrictions during early closure. Persistent apicomedial and circumapical actomyosin complexes drive unpulsed constrictions that follow. Here, we show that the microtubule end-binding proteins EB1 and Patronin pattern constriction dynamics and contraction kinetics by coordinating the balance of actomyosin forces in the apical plane. We find that microtubule growth from moving Patronin platforms governs the spatiotemporal dynamics of apicomedial myosin through the regulation of RhoGTPase signaling by transient EB1-RhoGEF2 interactions. We uncover the dynamic reorganization of a subset of short non-centrosomally nucleated apical microtubules that surround the coalescing apicomedial myosin complex, trail behind it as it moves and disperse as the complex dissolves. We demonstrate that apical microtubule reorganization is sensitive to Patronin levels. Microtubule depolymerization compromised apical myosin enrichment and altered constriction dynamics. Together, our findings uncover the importance of reorganization of an intact apical microtubule meshwork, by moving Patronin platforms and growing microtubule ends, in enabling the spatiotemporal modulation of actomyosin contractility and, through it, apical constriction.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging as a biomarker of breast cancer
Authors: Honda Maya , Le Bihan Denis , Kataoka Masako , Iima Mami 
Published: November 2022

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a diffusion-weighted imaging method that describes non-Gaussian signal behavior using a relatively simple mathematical model. A parameter, kurtosis K, describes the deviation of the diffusion signal decay from a Gaussian pattern. The deviation reflects the complexity of the tissue microstructure affecting water diffusion. Several studies have investigated the diagnostic performance of DKI in distinguishing malignant from benign breast lesions. DKI has been reported to correlate with subtypes and with several molecular and other factors related to the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Some technical considerations remain to be resolved for the clinical application of DKI in the breast. Advances in knowledge: DKI, which increases the sensitivity to complex tissue microstructure compared to standard DWI, has been applied in the breast, allowing to increase clinical performance in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions and in predicting prognosis or treatment response in breast cancer.
Association between use of ß2-adrenergic receptor agonists and incidence of Parkinson’s disease: Retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Nadeem Hasan , Zhou Bo , Goldman Dana , Romley John 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Previous observational studies assessing β2-agonist/-antagonist use on PD risk have yielded conflicting results. We evaluated the relationship between β2-agonist use and the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in patients with chronic lung disease.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis on a 20% random sample abstracted from a traditional (fee-for-service) Medicare program in the United States. Inclusion criteria were individuals over 65 years old diagnosed with asthma, COPD, and/or bronchiectasis who were enrolled in a prescription drug (standalone Part D) plan over 2007–2010 and alive through 2014. The main outcome measure was a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease over the period 2011–2014, in relation to the number of 30-day-equivalent drug claims over 2007–2010. Logistic regression analysis was performed on a sample including 236,201 Medicare beneficiaries.

Results
The sample was 68% female, 80% white, and on average 77 years old as of 2010. Compared to non-users, β2-agonist users were more likely to be younger (76.3y versus 78.0y), smokers (40.4% versus 31.1%) and asthmatic (62.4% versus 28.3%). The odds ratio for a β2-agonist claim on PD development was 0.986 (95% CI 0.977–0.995) after adjusting for demographics, smoking history, respiratory exacerbations, comorbidities, and other drug use. Risk reductions were larger for males than females (0.974 versus 0.994, P = 0.032), and for individuals with COPD compared to those with asthma (0.968 versus 0.998, P = 0.049). Reverse causality was addressed with a Cox analysis that allowed β2-agonist use to vary from medication initiation to disease onset. By the end of the follow-up period, β2-agonist use was shown to be associated with a true protective effect against PD onset.

Discussion
β2-agonist use is associated with decreased risk of PD incidence. Further investigation, possibly including clinical trials, is warranted to strengthen the evidence base supporting clinical decision-makers looking to repurpose pharmaceuticals to prevent neurodegenerative disease onset.
How does the dental benefits act encourage Australian families to seek and utilise oral health services?
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Izadi Reyhane , Manchery Nithin , Ha Diep , Calache Hanny , George Ajesh , Do Loc 
Published: November 2022

Background
This study aimed to analyse the content of the Dental Benefits Act 2008 as a foundation for the Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS) to determine how the Act encourages Australian families to seek and utilise oral health services.

Methods
This was a qualitative narrative document analysis conducted in 2022. Data was collected by searching formal websites for retrieving documents that reported the Australian Dental Benefits Act. The eligibility of the retrieved documents was assessed based on authenticity, credibility, representativeness, and meaningfulness of the data. A seven-steps procedure was applied for framework analysis.

Results
The content of the Dental Benefits Act 2008 provides directions on the three categories of operational, collective, and constitutional rules. Operational rules at the level of oral health providers and the population, as the service end users, can be demonstrated as rules in use in a mutual interaction with the collective and constitutional rules. The consequence of governing the rules at the community level can easily define how the oral health services are provided and utilised. The response is sent to the government level for better regulation of oral health service delivery and utilisation. Then, with interaction and advocacy with the diverse range of stakeholders and interdisciplinary partnerships, with community groups, non-government sectors and councils, the rules can be transformed, adopted, monitored, and enforced. Another mechanism of response has occurred at the providers’ and users’ level and to the operational rules to community groups and stakeholders via advertising and promoting the utilisation and provision of oral health services.

Conclusion
This study integrates the perspective of politicians with those of policy makers to reconsider the role and significance of the rules based on the triple collaborations among oral health users and oral service providers, the community, and the stakeholders as well as the government. A comprehensive attention is still needed in future revisions of the Dental Benefits Act 2008 according to the contextual factors, socioeconomic and geographical attributes of the population for better implementation of de facto rules and more effective outcomes of the interventions. It is recommended that further research be undertaken utilising a mix-method approach for a holistic view prior to further revisions of the Act or proposal of probable upcoming schemes.
Preoperative echocardiography predictive analytics for postinduction hypotension prediction
Authors: Yoshimura Manabu , Shiramoto Hiroko , Koga Mami , Morimoto Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Hypotension is a risk factor for adverse perioperative outcomes. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography has been extended for preoperative risk assessment before noncardiac surgery. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict postinduction hypotension risk using preoperative echocardiographic data and compared it with conventional statistic models. We also aimed to identify preoperative echocardiographic factors that cause postinduction hypotension.

Methods
In this retrospective observational study, we extracted data from electronic health records of patients aged >18 years who underwent general anesthesia at a single tertiary care center between April 2014 and September 2019. Multiple supervised machine learning classification techniques were used, with postinduction hypotension (mean arterial pressure <55 mmHg from intubation to the start of the procedure) as the primary outcome and 95 transthoracic echocardiography measurements as factors influencing the primary outcome. Based on the mean cross-validation performance, we used 10-fold cross-validation with the training set (70%) to select the optimal hyperparameters and architecture, assessed ten times using a separate test set (30%).

Results
Of 1,956 patients, 670 (34%) had postinduction hypotension. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using the deep neural network was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67–0.76), gradient boosting machine was 0.54 (95% CI = 0.51–0.59), linear discriminant analysis was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.51–0.61), and logistic regression was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.51–0.61). Variables of high importance included the ascending aorta diameter, transmitral flow A wave, heart rate, pulmonary venous flow S wave, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient, inferior vena cava expiratory diameter, fractional shortening, left ventricular mass index, and end-systolic volume.

Conclusion
We have created developing models that can predict postinduction hypotension using preoperative echocardiographic data, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of using machine learning models of preoperative echocardiographic data for produce higher accuracy than the conventional model.
Effect of six different autorefractor designs on the precision and accuracy of refractive error measurement
Authors: Venkataraman Abinaya Priya , Brautaset Rune , Domínguez-Vicent Alberto 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
To evaluate the precision of objective refraction measurements with six different autorefractors that have different designs and measurement principles and to compare the objective refraction values with the subjective refraction.

Method
Objective refraction of 55 participants was measured using six autorefractors with different designs. The instrument features mainly varied in terms of measurement principles, inbuilt fogging, open or closed view, and handheld or stationary designs. Two repeated measurements of objective refraction were performed with each autorefractor. The objective refractions from the six autorefractors were compared with the standard subjective refraction. The repeatability limit and Bland-Altman were used to describe the precision and accuracy of each autorefractor, respectively. The analysis was done using the spherical component of the refraction and the power-vector components, spherical equivalent (M), and cylindrical vectors.

Results
The repeatability of all autorefractors was within 1.00 and 0.35D for measuring the M and both cylindrical components, respectively. Inbuilt fogging was the common feature of the instruments that showed better repeatability. Compared to subjective refraction, the mean difference for sphere and M was below +0.50D, and it was close to zero for the cylindrical components. The instruments that had inbuilt fogging showed narrower limit of agreement. When combined with fogging, the open field refractors showed better precision and accuracy.

Conclusions
The inbuilt fogging is the most important feature followed by the open view in determining the precision and accuracy of the autorefractor values.
Uso de suplementos nutricionales y productos a base de extractos de plantas en población española: un estudio transversal.
Authors: Baladia Eduard , Moñino Manuel , Martínez-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Miserachs Martina , Russolillo Giuseppe , Picazo Óscar , Fernández Teresa , Morte Víctor 
Published: November 2022

Introducción: el mercado de suplementos registra grandes ventas, pero los datos de prevalencia y razones de uso en España son escasos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron evaluar la prevalencia de uso de suplementos, así como identificar por qué, para qué, modo de uso, quién los prescribe y dónde se adquieren.
Metodología: estudio transversal mediante cuestionario ad-hoc autoadministrado online a 2.630 participantes (50% mujeres) de características sociodemográficas asimiladas a la población española. Encuesta de 24 ítems para evaluar prácticas y actitudes de la población sobre los suplementos, 9 ítems sociodemográficos y 6 ítems sobre hábitos de vida. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, frecuencia de uso de suplementos, razones de uso y prescripción en función de las variables sociodemográficas. Se utilizó el IBM SPSS Statistics 25 para el análisis estadístico, situando el valor p de significación estadística en <0.05
Resultados: El 75,1% de la población estudiada (n=1.976) afirmó tomar durante el último año algún tipo de suplemento (63,4% complementos alimenticios; 30,2% productos para usos médicos especiales; 28,6% extractos de plantas; 19,9% productos para deportistas; y 13,8% productos para adelgazar). El 70% de los encuestados declaró consumir complementos alimenticios o productos a base de plantas para mejorar su estado de salud, mientras que el 50% de los que consumía suplementos para deportistas lo hacían para mejorar su rendimiento deportivo. El 77% de los que consumieron productos para adelgazar, lo harían para complementar la dieta. Los prescriptores y puntos de adquisición dependieron del tipo de producto. Los suplementos se percibieron en general como seguros, pero su eficacia fue percibida como leve y transitoria.
Conclusiones: la prevalencia de uso de suplementos es alta. Mejorar la salud, adelgazar y mejorar el rendimiento deportivo, son los principales motivadores de su consumo. Un alto porcentaje de suplementos serían auto prescritos.
Exploring open consonantal environments for at-home testing of vowel perception in advanced L2 speakers
Authors: Jones Johnathan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent work has called for increased investigation into methods used to explore second language (L2) speech perception (Flege 2021). The present study attends to this call, examining a common practice for developing listening prompts in the context of at-home administrations. Vowel perception studies have historically used fixed consonantal frames to determine how well participants can discriminate between target L2 vowels, and the present study compares the effects of employing a fixed consonant-vowel-consonant frame (h-vowel-d) with open (phonologically diverse) consonantal environments using real and nonce words. Thirty-eight Mandarin (n = 31) and English (n = 8) first language speakers participated in a listening experiment and a post-experiment question. Data were framed within Best and Tyler’s (2007) Perceptual Assimilation Model-L2. Internal consistency and proportion correct were calculated and a generalised linear mixed model design was used to investigate how well performance with h-vowel-d prompts predicts performance with the more diverse prompt types. Results suggest an inflation of scores for the fixed frame prompt and support the use of diverse words for listening prompt designs. Findings have implications for vowel perception researchers as well as computer (and mobile) assisted language learning developers wishing to inform their designs with relevant empirical evidence.
Analysing the elements of a scene – An integrative approach to metaphor identification in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Larsson Andreas , Stolpe Karin , Falck Marlene Johansson 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenges of exploring metaphor use in a naturalistic environment. We employed an integrative approach to the analysis of metaphor in video-recorded classroom observations of a teacher lecturing on computer programming. The approach involved applying the Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS) and the Metaphor Identification Guidelines for Gesture (MIG-G) both individually and jointly. Our analysis of the data shows that the teacher primarily uses metaphors that evoke experiences of manipulating physical objects while using his hands to add spatiality to these ‘objects’. Furthermore, it indicates that specific gestures may serve as ’anchoring-points’ for larger scenes, enabling the speaker to form a scene in which to place smaller concepts. Throughout the analysis, our integrative approach to metaphor analysis provided opportunities to both support and refute results from each of the procedures employed. Moreover, the PIMS procedure has both served as an efficient tool for identifying central concepts of a scene and a way to validate the results of the gesture analysis. We suggest that this integrative approach to metaphor may be used to provide clues about the embodied motivation of a metaphor at an individual level.