bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Siyasah Dusturiyyah sebagai Sistem Perpolitikan dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Muthalib Salman Abdul , Mohd Pauzi Muhammad Faizur Ridha Bin 
Published: April 2022

Siyasah dusturiyyah so far has not been revealed in detail. In the world history stage, it can be seen that the good or bad of a country depends on the system of government. The Qur'an has clearly stated the necessity of government. Allah SWT ordered the Messenger of Allah to get used to and train himself in government affairs. Thus, to find the ideal of Islam in the process of administering the government, the title of the thesis on "Interpretation of the Siyāsah Dusturiyāh Verses (Study of Government Systems)" is very interesting to study. Data analysis was carried out using thematic (Maudhu'ï). In the thematic method, all related verses are collected, then studied in more depth from various aspects related to them. This method is also supported by arguments or truths that can be justified scientifically and rationally. Based on the method used, the Qur'an explains that leadership in the dusturiyah siyāsah can be adapted to every era. Leadership in Islam is natural for every human being as well as motivates Islamic leadership. Humans are entrusted by Allah SWT to be the caliph to lead the people in religion and the world, also regulate the people and guard religion and politics. The system of government referred to in the Qur'an consists of five: the Imamate, the People and Their Obligations, Bai'at, Ahl al-Hall Wa al-Aqd, and Wizarah. Siyasah dusturiyyah selama ini belum terungkap secara terperinci. Dalam pentas sejarah dunia dapat dilihat bahwa baik buruknya negara tergantung dengan sistem pemerintahan. Alquran secara tegas telah menetapkan keharusan adanya pemerintahan. Allah Swt memerintahkan Rasulullah Saw untuk membiasakan dan melatih diri dalam urusan kepemerintahan. Dengan demikian untuk menemukan idealitas Islam dalam proses penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, maka judul skripsi tentang “Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Siyāsah Dusturiyāh (Kajian Sistem Pemerintahan)” sangat menarik untuk dikaji. Analisis data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan tematik (Maudhu’ï). Dalam metode tematik semua ayat yang berkaitan dikumpulkan, kemudian dikaji secara lebih mendalam dari berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengannya. Dalam metode ini juga didukung dengan dalil-dalil atau kebenaran yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah dan rasional. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan, Alquran menjelaskan bahwa kepemimpinan dalam siyāsah dusturiyāh dapat disesuaikan dengan setiap zaman. Kepemimpinan dalam Islam merupakan fitrah bagi setiap manusia sekaligus memotivasi kepemimpinan yang Islami. Manusia di amanahi Allah Swt untuk menjadi khalifah untuk memimpin umat dalam agama dan dunia, juga mengatur umat serta menjaga agama dan politik. Sistem pemerintahan yang disebut di dalam Alquran terdiri dari lima: yaitu Imamah, Rakyat dan Kewajibannya, Bai’at, Ahl al-Hall Wa al-Aqd, dan Wizarah.
Konsep Perbudakan menurut Sayyid Quṭb dalam Tafsir Fi Zilal al-Qur’an
Authors: Wahid Abd. , Suarni Suarni , Fitri Nurul 
Published: April 2022

Slaves are people who do not have independence in people's lives and have the fate of being traded as objects, sometimes even being treated inhumanely. In historical records, slavery existed before Islam, and when Islam came, slaves were called slaves and this religion forbade all forms of slavery practices with a call to free them. This paper attempts to discuss how to interpret slavery and how to free slaves according to Sayyid Quṭb in Tafsir Fī ilāl al-Qur'ān. The research method used in this study is the mauḍū'i (thematic) method, which is a method that collects verses from the Qur'an that have the same purpose. The data used in this study is the Tafsir Fī ilāl al-Qur'ān. The results of this study indicate that the concept of slavery according to Sayyid Qutb is aimed at conditions of emergency (compulsion), that only in emergency conditions is slavery allowed, such as being allowed to marry slave women during the war, and only slaves who are obtained as prisoners in the fī sabīlillah war are one thing. the only slavery recognized in Islam. While the way of freeing slaves is done by establishing slave freedom through the payment of kafarat, for example, someone frees a slave before having intercourse with a wife who is forbidden to him through zhihar. Budak merupakan orang yang tidak memiliki kemerdekaan dalam hiduporang dan bernasib sebagai benda yang diperjualbelikan, bahkan kadang-kadang diperlakukan tidak manusiawi. Dalam catatan sejarah, perbudakan sudah ada sebelum Islam, dan ketika Islam datang, budak disebut hamba sahaya dan agama ini melarang seluruh bentuk praktik perbudakan dengan seruan memerdekakannya. Tulisan ini berupaya membahas tentang bagaimana penafsiran perbudakan dan cara pembebasan budak menurut Sayyid Quṭb dalam Tafsir Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode mauḍū’i (tematik), yaitu metode yang menghimpun ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang mempunyai maksud yang sama. Data yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah Tafsir Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep perbudakan menurut Sayyid Qutb tertuju pada kondisi darurat (keterpaksaan), bahwasanya hanya dalam kondisi darurat diperbolehkannya perbudakan, seperti dibolehkannya menikah dengan wanita budak pada masa peperangan, dan hanya budak yang diperoleh sebagai tawanan di dalam perang fī sabīlillah lah satu-satunya perbudakan diakui dalam Islam. Sedangkan cara pembebasan budak dilakukan dengan menetapkan kemerdekaan budak melalui pembayaran kafarat, misalnya seseorang memerdekakan budak sebelum menggauli istri yang di haramkan kepada dirinya melalui zhihar.
Penafsiran Ayat–Ayat Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar menurut Muhammad Fethullah Gülen
Authors: Djuned Muslim , Ozdemir Pinar 
Published: April 2022

Amar ma'rūf nahi munkar is the command of Allah swt. to invite to the good things and prevent the bad for society. Many interpreters have explained the meaning of the verses amar ma'rūf nahi munkar. Fethullah Gülen is a character who tries to give an interpretation of the verse by relating it to the reality of people's lives. This paper discusses the verses of amar ma'ruf nahi munkar interpreted by Muhammad Fethullah Gülen and issues surrounding the position of enforcing amar ma'rūf nahi munkar. This research is a descriptive literature study, wanting to describe the figure of Gulen who wants to be researched based on facts from existing news, books, and magazines. The results showed that Gülen classified the interpretation of the verses of amar ma'ruf nahi munkar in 3 parts. First, amar ma'rūf nahi munkar as the goal of life. Second, amar ma'ruf nahi munkar as a sign of a believer. Third, enforce the commandments of ma'rf nahi munkar in accordance with nature. According to Gülen, people who carry out this sacred task well, then they will be protected by Allah from all disasters that come from heaven or earth, even though the number of people who carry out this task is not much. Meanwhile, those who forget this task are feared to die in a state of hypocrisy, for neglecting the task that Allah has assigned to every Muslim. Amar ma’rūf nahi munkar merupakan perintah Allah swt. untuk mengajak kepada hal-hal yang baik dan mencegah yang buruk bagi masyarakat. Banyak penafsir yang telah menjelaskan makna ayat-ayat amar ma’rūf nahi munkar. Fethullah Gülen merupakan seorang tokoh yang mencoba memberi penafsiran ayat tersebut dengan mengaitkannya pada realitas kehidupan masyarakat. Tulisan ini membahas ayat-ayat amar ma’ruf nahi munkar yang ditafsirkan oleh Muhammad Fethullah Gülen dan persoalan seputar kedudukan menegakkan amar ma’rūf nahi munkar. Penelitian ini bersifat kajian kepustakaan yang bersifat deskriptif, ingin menggambarkan sosok Gulen yang ingin diteliti berdasarkan fakta dari berita, buku, dan majalah yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gülen mengklasifikasikan penafsiran ayat-ayat amar ma’ruf nahi munkar dalam 3 bagian. Pertama, amar ma’rūf nahi munkar sebagai tujuan hidup. Kedua, amar ma’ruf nahi munkar sebagai tanda orang mukmin. Ketiga, menegakkan amar ma’rūf nahi munkar sesuai dengan fitrah. Menurut Gülen, masyarakat yang melakukan tugas suci ini dengan baik, maka mereka itu akan dilindungi Allah dari segala bencana yang datangnya dari langit atau bumi, meskipun jumlah orang yang menjalankan tugas ini tidak banyak. Sedangkan yang melupakan tugas ini, dikhawatirkan akan meninggal dalam keadaan munafik, karena melalaikan tugas yang dibebankan Allah kepada setiap orang Muslim.
Mejora de la calidad de vida de un paciente domiciliario de 76 años tras 38 cambios de medicación con la ayuda de un Sistema Personalizado de Dosificación: Un caso de Atención Farmacéutica Domiciliaria (SPD)
Authors: Domingo-Pueyo Andrea , Campos-Martínez Beatriz 
Published: April 2022

Resumen
El paciente domiciliario de 76 años acude a la farmacia sita en Alfaz del Pi (Alicante) a retirar su medicación. Durante el acto de dispensación y tras observar la amplia farmacoterapia, se le ofrece formar parte del Servicio de Sistema Personalizado de Dosificación (SPD).
Durante los 11 meses que el paciente domiciliario forma parte del Servicio, el médico le modifica 38 veces el tratamiento. Con la ayuda del SPD, el paciente ha aumentado la adherencia a su amplia polifarmacia y consecuentemente ha mejorado su calidad de vida y disminuir el número de comprimidos diarios.
Con la participación del farmacéutico en el Sistema de Salud a través de los SPD, se consigue por un lado evitar los posibles problemas relacionados con la medicación, evitar los resultados negativos asociados a la misma, mejorar la salud del paciente al aumentar la adherencia a los tratamientos y consecuentemente suponer un ahorro económico a la Sanidad Nacional.
Palabras clave: Servicio de salud a domicilio; Servicios comunitarios de farmacia; Polifarmacia; Calidad de vida; Cumplimiento y adherencia al tratamiento; Sistema Personalizado de Dosificación
Personal Names in the Hebrew Bible with Second-Millennium B.C. Antecedents
Authors: HESS RICHARD S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent studies in the phonemic representations of ancient Near Eastern languages in cuneiform and Hebrew, as well as the growing inventory of these names, have resulted in the need to revisit claims for and against the presence of personal names and name elements of the second millennium B.C. as thought to occur in Biblical Hebrew sources. Using the non-Israelite personal names in the biblical book book of Joshua as a test case, I will argue that some names previously thought to be attested no later than the second millennium now can be found in first-millennium sources as well. On the other hand, new evidence will also confirm that several personal names remain unattested in later sources but demonstrate more widespread appearance in the second-millennium B.C. sources than earlier evidence had formerly suggested. This study will make use of recent publications of Hurrian and Anatolian texts and names, as well as research on the phonemic representation of these languages in a West Semitic script such as Hebrew, which is not commonly used for the language. Conclusions regarding names and their sources provide important evidence (1) for dating onomastic sources in the earliest traditions that may lie behind the biblical text, and (2) for evidence of the presence of north Syrian cultural influence in the southern Levant during the Early Iron Age.
The Use of Tradition-Material in the Epistle of Jude
Authors: CHARLES J. DARYL 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The history of the interpretation of Jude, broadly speaking, is one of omission or misunderstanding. Most commentary on the epistle over the last hundred years, while being highly derivative in nature, has lacked thoughtful inquiry. One factor that has discouraged serious study is the writer's use of OT and extrabiblical tradition-material. Surviving Jewish literature from the last two centuries B.C. and first century A.D. is decisive in helping to explain the religious thought-world reflected in the NT. This is particularly the case in Jude. The use of Jewish tradition-material in the epistle invites the reader to give attention to the writer's exegetical methodology— a methodology owing to a distinctly Palestinian Jewish-Christian cultural milieu. In Jude, significant theological truth is wrapped in literary arguments of the day. Literary sources, all part of a well-calculated literary strategy, are marshalled for the purpose of addressing urgent pastoral need. Lessons from the past bear forcefully on the present as a means of admonishing the Christian community.
Diachronic Analysis and the Features of Late Biblical Hebrew
Authors: ROOKER MARK F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence for the existence of a later linguistic strand within the Hebrew Bible known as late biblical Hebrew. After surveying the history and methodology of the diachronic study of the Hebrew language, I examine orthographic, morphological, and syntactical evidence, which demonstrates a linguistic shift from the preexilic to the postexilic period. I demonstrate how these same late biblical features of the postexilic period became commonplace in Rabbinic Hebrew and in the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. I discuss the different views regarding the reasons biblical Hebrew experienced linguistic change and argue that the events of the Babylonian exile contain all the components linguists regard as necessary to account for language change. An appendix is provided which contrasts the fourteen accepted features of late biblical Hebrew with their early biblical Hebrew counterparts.
Cry of Dereliction or Cry of Judgment? Mark 15:34 in Context
Authors: SCHMIDT THOMAS E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The trinitarian theological implications of Jesus' cry from the cross have sidetracked scholars from the context. The theme of judgment against the Jews is strong in the surrounding verses, and the Gospel repeatedly follows rejection on the part of the Jews with reception on the part of Gentiles. Psalm 22, to which allusion is common elsewhere in chapter 15, expresses judgment issuing in universality. The centurion confirms this, functioning as a symbolic recipient of the gospel following the judgment sign of the veil-rending. In the cry from the cross, Jesus the sufferer prophesies as the representative of the Jews, pronouncing their rejection and the hope of the gospel for all people.
The Globalization of Biblical Interpretation: A Test Case—John 3–4
Authors: BLOMBERG CRAIG L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe globalization of hermeneutics has generated recent, intense debate. One useful definition views it as the process of asking new questions of the text, particularly in light of the experiences of marginalization of a large percentage of the world's population. John 3–4 and its dialogues between Jesus and the contrasting characters of Nicodemus and the Samaritan woman offer a fruitful test case of this process. Striking inversions of contemporary expectations about their roles result. Interesting answers emerge from raising questions of liberation theology, feminism, politics and religious pluralism. Metacriticism, however, must move us beyond these more parochial, though often overlooked, concerns. Ultimately John subordinates both characters to his focus on the significance of Jesus.
4Q246
Authors: COOK EDWARD M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Aramaic text 4Q246 (the "son of God" text) is recognized as a document of first-rate importance, but scholars have not been able to agree on its interpretation. The present study offers new readings, translation, and commentary, and suggests that a proper understanding of the fragment's internal poetic structure and of its affinity to the Akkadian prophecies leads to the conclusion that the text represents the "son of God" as a negative figure. The probable historical background of 4Q246 is the Seleucid period, especially the struggle against Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
The Seventh Johannine Sign: A Study in John's Christology
Authors: KÖSTENBERGER ANDREAS J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A proper identification of the Johannine signs significantly sharpens one's grasp of John's Christology. While there is substantial agreement regarding six signs, no consensus has yet been achieved regarding possible further signs in John. After an exploration of the "signs" concept in the OT, three criteria for Johannine signs are established, resulting in a working definition. These preliminary considerations then function as parameters in the search for potential additional signs in the Fourth Gospel. The essay concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of the study's findings for the structure of John's Gospel.
Pauline Authorship and the Pastoral Epistles: Implications for Canon
Authors: PORTER STANLEY E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The question of authorship usually dominates discussions of the states of the Pastoral Epistles in the New Testament canon. A number of factors have often been suggested as important to consider: chronology, epistolary format, style, content, and theology. This paper's concern is not ultimately to adjudicate the issue of authorship, but to examine some of the evidence, and then to raise some questions regarding canon that are suggested by the conclusions.
The "Moveable Well" in 1 Cor 10:4: An Extrabiblical Tradition in an Apostolic Text
Authors: ENNS PETER E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the presence and implications of a Jewish exegetical tradition in Paul's appeal to the exodus/wilderness episode in 1 Cor 10:4. The goal is threefold: (1) to establish that 1 Cor 10:4 is in fact an example of a ubiquitous exegetical tradition that understood the rock in the desert (Exodus 17; Numbers 20–21) as being in some sense mobile: it "followed" the Israelites; (2) to explore briefly the exegetical process that gave rise to this tradition; and (3) to explore some of the implications raised by the presence of this tradition in Paul's letter, specifically concerning the nature of inspiration and scriptural authority, and to offer a time-honored suggestion toward a solution.
Pauline Authorship and the Pastoral Epistles: A Response to R. W. Wall's Response
Authors: PORTER STANLEY E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Robert Wall and I clearly disagree regarding the priority of historical and theological criteria that determined the final canonical shape of the New Testament. Wall, while recognizing that my approach is historical, essentially brackets out such concerns and pursues theological issues. I, on the other hand, believe that theological issues then and now have played too large a role in the issue of canon, and consequently believe that historical criteria must take priority. This is necessary in order to ensure that theological conclusions are grounded in historical reality.
Blessing the Nations: Toward a Biblical Theology of Mission from Genesis
Authors: CARROLL R. M. DANIEL 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A number of different themes from the OT have been utilized in standard missiological literature to establish God's concern for humanity. This essay proposes the consideration of the blessing theme in the book of Genesis as a helpful starting point for the elaboration of an OT theology of mission. This theme is traced throughout Genesis in order to underline that a comprehensive vision of the mission of the people of God in a fallen world should include material, spiritual, and character formation dimensions.
Dissonant Prophecy in Ezekiel 26 and 29
Authors: ULRICH DEAN 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEzek 26:1–21 and 29:17–21 present a formidable challenge to the deuteronomic criterion for a true prophet. In the former passage Ezekiel predicted that Nebuchadnezzar's army would conquer Tyre and plunder its wealth. In the latter passage, written 16 years later, Ezekiel admitted that Nebuchadnezzar's army obtained no plunder from its campaign against Tyre. He issued a corrective prophecy that promised Egyptian booty as a consolation. For the most part scholarship has considered the historical problem the key to the first prophecy. Whereas some interpreters appeal to multiple historical fulfillments, others allow the evidence to impugn Ezekiel's integrity. By appealing to the function of mythological imagery in Ezekiel's oracles against the nations, this article proposes an alternate approach to the impasse.
An Analysis of Isaiah 40:1–11 (17)
Authors: EDDINGER TERRY W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Isa 40:1–11 is a passage filled with ambiguity of language but containing a high degree of order in form. This article presents a poetic, structural analysis of the pericope, examining critical issues such as parallelism, double entendre, meter, word/syllable count, and so on. It also contains a discussion of the setting of the text, including the commonly held position that the passage is a call narrative in a heavenly council meeting. The passage is divided into four strophes, each one discussed separately.
Job's Advocate: A Tempting Suggestion
Authors: OBLATH MICHAEL D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An analysis of the Advocate Passages in the book of Job indicates that Satan may be proposed as that advocate. This, in turn, opens the door to another look at the prologue of this text. With an analysis of the roll Satan plays in Yahweh's heavenly court, a different translation is proposed for Job 1:5, 11, and 2:5, rendering the root ברך as "blessing" rather than the euphemistic "curse." The resulting revision of the relationship between Yahweh and Satan also leads to an interpretation of Job as a human at the mercy of an indifferent God and world.
נתן נפשׁוֹ: Paradigms of Self-Sacrifice in Early Judaism and Christianity
Authors: PHILLIPS ELAINE A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mekilta de Rabbi Ishmael presents Moses and David as key figures whose willingness to sacrifice themselves on behalf of Torah, Israel, the Temple, and justice was exemplary. Attaching their names to these symbols ensured memory and continuity in the face of difficult circumstances. The Sages further suggested that being faithful meant all Israelites' willingness likewise to give themselves. This may have been a subtle response to the Christian communities who were appropriating the symbols of Torah associated with the redemptive process.
The Prophetic Speeches in Chronicles: Speculation, Revelation, and Ancient Historiography
Authors: SPARKS KENT 
Published: April 2022

AbstractScholars have for some time recognized that the Chronicler's prophetic speeches are his own compositions rather than materials that he has culled from source materials. The fictive nature of these speeches raises important questions regarding both the nature of Hebrew historiography and also the nature of the Chronicler's work as scripture. When the Chronicler's use of speeches is compared to a similar use of speeches in Greek historiography, it becomes clear that his fictive contributions to the history are a legitimate means to bring his theological Tendenz to bear on the narrative. A close reading of the speeches also shows that their theology has been exegetically derived from the Chronicler's canonical texts.
Jechoniah and His Brothers (Matthew 1:11)
Authors: NOLLAND JOHN 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Matthew directs his reader's engagement with the genealogy he provides by means of framing materials and the use of internal annotation. The omission of three generations of kings from the genealogical list (1:8) and the confusions involved in identifying Josiah as father of Jechoniah and his brothers (v. 11) can be shown to have a similar annotative role: by careful manipulation of the traditions available to him Matthew is able to use these apparent abberations not only to achieve his fourteen generations schema, but also to evoke significant elements in the history of the period covered by his genealogy.