bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of anterior open bite of varying severity using clear aligner therapy—A case series
Authors: Sabouni Waddah , Venugopal Adith , Adel Samar M. , Vaid Nikhilesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn open bite cases, a comprehensive diagnostic differentiation is crucial in determining the best corrective therapy. In non‐surgical open bite treatment, fixed appliances, either labial or lingual, are usually employed. With the addition of extra‐radicular screws, more sophisticated orthodontic movements may now be performed without the necessity for orthognathic surgery. Clear aligner therapy, on the contrary, has grown in popularity as a treatment option for more complex cases, such as open bite malocclusions. This article discusses three cases with an anterior open bite that were treated using various mechanics as dictated by the malocclusion. Case 1 was addressed wholly using clear aligner therapy, with careful consideration of attachment geometry and mechanics. Case 2 with clear aligner therapy, attachment geometry selection, and vertical elastics; and Case 3 with clear aligner therapy, attachments, and temporary anchorage devices.
Ultrathin Niobate Nanosheet Assembly with Au NPs and CdS QDs as a Highly Efficient Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Niuniu , Wu Xia , Lv Kangjia , Chu Yujie , Qin Haimei , Zhang Dongdi , Wang Guan , Niu Jingyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNiobate nanosheets have aroused widespread interest in recent years for their prospects in catalysis. The exploration of 2D niobate catalysis with stable and efficient properties is still the focus in chemistry and materials science. Herein, the successful fabrication of 2D CdS/Au/HNb3O8 catalyst is demonstrated which revealed efficient photocatalytic properties in H2 evolution, oxidative self‐coupling of amines to imines, and degradation of dyes. Especially the assembled architecture can give a rate of 5.85 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 of photocatalytic H2 evolution, an ∼254‐fold enhancement, compared with bare HNb3O8 nanosheets under identical conditions. In accordance with density functional theory (DFT) and X‐ray adsorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses, the vast improvements are benefited from efficient migration and separation of charge carriers. Besides, the surface plasma resonance (SPR) effect of Au NPs enhances the light harvesting capacity and boosts the generation of hot electrons, efficiently improving the visible‐light absorption.
Improved Dye Survival in Expansion Microscopy through Stabilizer‐Conjugated Linkers
Authors: Wen Gang , Leen Volker , Jia Yuqing , Rohand Taoufik , Hofkens Johan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) has been widely used to detect biomolecules in cultured cells and tissue samples due to its enablement of super resolution imaging with conventional microscopes, via physical expansion of samples. However, reaction conditions inherent to the process bring about strong fluorescent signal loss during polymerization and digestion and thus limit the brightness of the signal obtained post expansion. Here, we explore the impact of stabilizer‐containing organic fluorophores in ExM, as a mitigation strategy for this radical‐induced dye degradation. Through direct conjugation of 4‐nitrophenylalanine (NPA) to our previously developed trifunctional reagents, we validate and demonstrate that these multifunctional linkers enable visualization of different organelles with improved fluorescent intensity, owning to protection of the dyes to radical induced degradation as well as to photoprotection upon imaging. At this point, we cannot disentangle the relative contribution of both mechanisms. Furthermore, we report anchoring linkers that allow straightforward application of NPA or Trolox to commercially available fluorophore‐conjugated antibodies. We show that these anchoring linkers enable complete retention of biological targets while increasing fluorophore photostability. Our results provide guidance in exploring these stabilizer‐modified agents in ExM and methods for increased signal survival through the polymerization steps of the ExM protocols.
Aqueous enzymatic extraction and quality evaluation of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil
Authors: Hu Xiongjie , Wang Jie , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Fan , Tian Shichao , Zhou Zhiyong , Ren Zhongqi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of oil from Acer truncatum Bunge seed kernel was investigated. The effects of enzyme type on the extraction yield of oil were studied, and the results showed that the oil yield obtained with pentosanase was higher than that obtained with the other enzymes. The combination of pentosanase and cellulase showed better extraction performance than a single enzyme, and the operation parameters of the AEE method were optimized. A maximum oil yield of 37.94% was obtained. The analysis results of chemical compositions of the extracted oils showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil extracted by the AEE method was 90.28%, and the content of nervonic acid was about 5.59%. In addition, the main physical and chemical properties of A. truncatum Bunge seed oil were measured. The oil obtained by the AEE method met the China National Standard of A. truncatum Bunge oil.
Nonparametric tests for treatment effect heterogeneity in observational studies
Authors: Dai Maozhu , Shen Weining , Stern Hal S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of testing for treatment effect heterogeneity in observational studies and propose a nonparametric test based on multisample ‐statistics. To account for potential confounders, we use reweighted data where the weights are determined by estimated propensity scores. The proposed method does not require any parametric assumptions on the outcomes and bypasses the need for modelling the treatment effect for each study subgroup. We establish the asymptotic normality for the test statistic and demonstrate its superior numerical performance over several competing approaches via simulation studies. Two real data applications are discussed: an employment programme evaluation study and a mental health study of China's one‐child policy.
Toward a Home Test for COVID‐19 Diagnosis: DNA Machine for Amplification‐Free SARS‐CoV‐2 Detection in Clinical Samples
Authors: El‐Deeb Ahmed A. , Zablotskaya Sofia S. , Rubel Maria S. , Nour Moustapha A. Y. , Kozlovskaya Liubov I. , Shtro Anna A. , Komissarov Andrey B. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNucleic acid‐based detection of RNA viruses requires an annealing procedure to obtain RNA/probe or RNA/primer complexes for unwinding stable structures of folded viral RNA. In this study, we designed a protein‐enzyme‐free nano‐construction, named four‐armed DNA machine (4DNM), that requires neither an amplification stage nor a high‐temperature annealing step for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. It uses a binary deoxyribozyme (BiDz) sensor incorporated in a DNA nanostructure equipped with a total of four RNA‐binding arms. Additional arms were found to improve the limit of detection at least 10‐fold. The sensor distinguished SARS‐CoV‐2 from other respiratory viruses and correctly identified five positive and six negative clinical samples verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The strategy reported here can be used for the detection of long natural RNA and can become a basis for a point‐of‐care or home diagnostic test.
Green governance and its peer effect in the Yangtze River Delta region of China
Authors: Liu Hongda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe extensive development of social economy and other fields poses challenges to environmental management in the new era. The pressure of climate adaptation and the failure of environmental regulation policies make the Chinese government seek a new environmental management model. Green governance is the foothold of connecting China's economic, social, ecological, cultural, and political construction. It is leading the updation of China's environmental governance model. Based on the connotation of green governance, a green governance analysis framework is constructed. And we take China's most developed Yangtze River Delta region as the research object. Scientific evaluation of green governance using super‐efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) and nonradial DEA‐Malmquist models is done. On this basis, the peer effect in green governance is integrated and analyzed, to clarify the extent to which this implicit driving force and internal political efficacy influence the final level of green governance. Research shows that cities in the Yangtze River Delta show positive green governance results. With the intensification of the degree of geographic integration, the convergence of green governance is strengthened, and the spatial agglomeration effect of green governance is characterized by the strengthening of the same group effect. The existence of spatial relationships makes local governments rely on a strong financial support system and industrial transformation foundation to counter the pressure of regional competition in green governance. With the increase of geographical distance, the peer effect of green governance tends to decline, but across the regional boundary under the provincial interaction framework, the peer effect does not disappear.
Controlled etching to immobilize highly dispersed Fe in MXene for electrochemical ammonia production
Authors: Wang Yu , Sun Ying , Li Hui , Zhang Wei , Wu Shuyao , Liu Chang , Gao Yue , Jia Baohua , Qiu Jieshan , Ma Tianyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR), as an efficient and low‐carbon NH3 production method, is highly desired to replace the traditional Haber–Bosch process under ambient conditions. Nevertheless, its industrial application remains hampered by the low Faradaic efficiency (FE) and an inferior ammonia yield mainly owing to the sluggish kinetics and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, highly dispersed Fe immobilized in Ti3C2Tx MXene (HD‐Fe‐MXene) is for the first time developed by a controlled etching strategy to act as an efficient electrochemical ammonia production catalyst. In this process, the Al phase of MAX is firstly replaced by Fe through Lewis‐acidic‐melt selective etching, then the HD‐Fe‐MXene is obtained by etching with an HCl solution. The as‐prepared HD‐Fe‐MXene delivers outstanding NRR activity with an FE of 21.8% at −0.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a favorable NH3 yield of 18.25 µg h−1 mg−1 (−0.25 V vs. RHE) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Notably, HD‐Fe‐MXene exhibits superior stability during the six times recycling tests and the 24 h chronoamperometric test. This excellent NRR electrocatalytic activity is mainly ascribed to the highly dispersed Fe immobilized in the fluorine‐free Ti3C2Tx MXene, which inhibits Fe centers from aggregation for providing abundant active sites for NRR. Moreover, the two‐dimensional structure and the fluorine‐free property of Ti3C2Tx MXene benefit to provide abundant sites for N2 adsorption and promote the electron transfer thus boosting the NRR process. This study delivers a feasible strategy for adding transition metal into the MXene phase to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of MXene‐based catalysts for nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia.
Large‐scale knowledge distillation with elastic heterogeneous computing resources
Authors: Liu Ji , Dong Daxiang , Wang Xi , Qin An , Li Xingjian , Valduriez Patrick , Dou Dejing , Yu Dianhai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough more layers and more parameters generally improve the accuracy of the models, such big models generally have high computational complexity and require big memory, which exceed the capacity of small devices for inference and incurs long training time. In addition, it is difficult to afford long training time and inference time of big models even in high performance servers, as well. As an efficient approach to compress a large deep model (a teacher model) to a compact model (a student model), knowledge distillation emerges as a promising approach to deal with the big models. Existing knowledge distillation methods cannot exploit the elastic available computing resources and correspond to low efficiency. In this paper, we propose an Elastic Deep Learning framework for knowledge Distillation, that is, EDL‐Dist. The advantages of EDL‐Dist are threefold. First, the inference and the training process is separated. Second, elastic available computing resources can be utilized to improve the efficiency. Third, fault‐tolerance of the training and inference processes is supported. We take extensive experimentation to show that the throughput of EDL‐Dist is up to 3.125 times faster than the baseline method (online knowledge distillation) while the accuracy is similar or higher.
A Comparative Investigation on the Structural Stability of the Single and Poly‐Crystalline Sodium Nitrate at Dynamic Shock Wave Loaded Conditions
Authors: Sivakumar A. , Eniya P. , Dhas S. Sahaya Jude , Jose M. , Kumar Raju Suresh , Sundar J. Kalyana , Dhas S. A. Martin Britto 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExploration of the structural stability of the single and poly‐crystalline materials of solid‐state at high temperature and pressure is one of the basic research topics in the materials science branch. While the initial state of material undergoes change because of external factors, the functional properties of the material are usually significantly varied and hence, detailed investigations are highly required to better understand either change in properties or stability of materials with respect to their initial states. En route to this process, the crystallographic phase stability of sodium nitrate poly‐crystalline samples are studied at dynamic shocked conditions and the observed results are compared to the previously reported sodium nitrate single crystal. The structural stability profile of the test sample is assessed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopic and optical spectroscopic techniques. Surface morphology features are obtained from the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) technique. The overall observation of the diffraction, spectroscopic and morphological analyses shows that the poly‐crystalline sodium nitrate sample has higher stability than that of the single crystal of sodium nitrate. The detailed interpretations are presented in the following sections.
Photobiocatalytic Decarboxylation for the Synthesis of Fatty Epoxides from Renewable Fatty Acids
Authors: Ge Ran , Zhang Pengpeng , Dong Xuetian , Li Yuanying , Sun Zhoutong , Zeng Yongyi , Chen Bishuang , Zhang Wuyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFatty epoxides are unique building blocks in organic transformations and materials production; however, their synthetic methodologies are currently not accessible from renewable fatty acids. Herein, a photoenzymatic decarboxylation of epoxy fatty acids into fatty epoxides was demonstrated using fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) fromChlorella variabilisNC64A (CvFAP). Various fatty epoxides were synthesized in excellent selectivity by wild‐typeCvFAP. The decarboxylation reaction was also achieved with four new FAP homologues, potentially suggesting a broad availability of the biocatalysts for this challenging decarboxylation reaction. By combiningCvFAP with lipase and peroxygenase, a multienzymatic cascade to transform oleic acid and its triglyceride into the corresponding fatty epoxides was established. The obtained fatty epoxides were further converted into rather unusual fatty compounds including diol, alcohol, ether, and chain‐shortened carboxylic acids. The present photobiocatalytic synthesis of fatty epoxides from natural starting materials excels by its intrinsic selectivity, mild conditions, and independence of nicotinamide cofactors.
A N‐Ethylcarbazole‐Terminated Spiro‐Type Hole‐Transporting Material for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Han Mingyuan , Liang Yongpeng , Chen Jianlin , Zhang Xianfu , Ghadari Rahim , Liu Xuepeng , Wu Nan , Wang Ying , Zhou Ying , Ding Yong , Cai Molang , Chen Haibin , Dai Songyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe development of stable and efficient hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) is critical for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a novel spiro‐type HTM was designed and synthesized where N‐ethylcarbazole‐terminated groups fully substituted the methoxy group of spiro‐OMeTAD, named spiro‐carbazole. The developed molecule exhibited a lower highest occupied molecular orbital level, higher hole mobility, and extremely high glass transition temperature (Tg=196 °C) compared with spiro‐OMeTAD. PSCs with the developed molecule exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.01 %, which surpassed traditional spiro‐OMeTAD (21.12 %). Importantly, the spiro‐carbazole‐based device had dramatically better thermal, humid, and long‐term stability than spiro‐OMeTAD.
Mother and sibling interactions during the preweaning period influence myelination and impulse propagation of the sensory sural nerve in the adult rat
Authors: Martínez‐Álvarez Vladimir , Segura‐Alegría Bertha , Rodríguez‐Torres Erika Elizabeth , Porras Mercedes Graciela , Aguirre‐Benítez Elsa , González del Pliego Margarita , Hudson Robyn , Quiroz‐González Salvador , Melo Angel I. , Jiménez‐Estrada Ismael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate whether mother and sibling interactions during the preweaning period influence the histological and electrophysiological characteristics of the sensory sural nerve (SUn) in the adult rat, litters composed of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 male pups (P) were formed and the pups routinely weighed until postnatal day 60 (PND60). At PND9, 3P and 6P litters showed greater body weight than pups without siblings or from 9P or 12P litters, and such differences in weight were maintained until adulthood. Analysis of maternal licking at PND8 and 9 showed that pups from large litters received fewer licks than pups from small size litters. At PND60, SUn of rats from 6P and 9P litters had greater compound action potential (CAP) amplitude and a higher proportion of axons with large myelin thickness than nerves from rats of 1P, 3P, or 12P litters. SUn of heaviest rats from 9P and 12P litters had greater CAP area and myelination than the lightest rats from the same litters. We propose that a complex interplay of sensory, social, and nutritional factors arising from mother and littermate interactions during the preweaning period influence myelination and the propagation of action potentials in the SUn of adult rats.
Sacubitril/valsartan versus ramipril for patients with acute myocardial infarction: win‐ratio analysis of the PARADISE‐MI trial
Authors: Berwanger Otavio , Pfeffer Marc , Claggett Brian , Jering Karola S. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Mehran Roxana , Lewis Eldrin F. , Zhou Yinong , van der Meer Peter , De Pasquale Carmine , Merkely Béla , Filippatos Gerasimos , McMurray John J.V. , Granger Christopher B. , Solomon Scott D. , Braunwald Eugene 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAimThe win ratio can incorporate different types of outcomes and enhance statistical power, making it a useful method for analysing composite outcomes in cardiovascular trials. The application of this approach to the PARADISE‐MI trial provides an additional perspective into understanding the effects of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods and resultsWe conducted a post‐hoc analysis of the PARADISE‐MI trial, which randomly assigned patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary congestion, or both to receive either sacubitril/valsartan (97 mg of sacubitril and 103 mg of valsartan twice daily) or ramipril (5 mg twice daily) in addition to guideline‐recommended therapy. The principal composite outcome was analysed in the hierarchical order of death due to cardiovascular causes, first hospitalization for heart failure, and first outpatient episode of symptomatic heart failure. We included events confirmed by the clinical events classification (CEC) committee as well as events identified by investigators that did not meet study definitions. Results were analysed by the unmatched win‐ratio method. A win ratio that exceeds 1.00 reflects a better outcome. A total of 5661 patients underwent randomization; 2830 were assigned to receive sacubitril/valsartan and 2831 to receive ramipril. The hierarchical analysis of the principal composite outcome demonstrated a larger number of wins (1 265 767 [15.7%]) than losses (1 079 502 [13.4%]) in the sacubitril/valsartan group (win ratio of 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.33; p = 0.015). Sensitivity analyses using alternative definitions of the composite outcome showed results similar to those of the principal analysis, except for analysis restricted to events that met CEC definitions (win ratio of 1.11, 95% CI 0.96–1.30; p = 0.16).ConclusionIn this post‐hoc analysis of the PARADISE‐MI trial using the win ratio and including investigator‐identified events not having CEC confirmation, sacubitril/valsartan was superior to ramipril among high‐risk survivors of acute myocardial infarction.
Knock combustion characteristics of an opposed‐piston two‐stroke gasoline engine
Authors: Ma Fukang , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Fang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe spark plug of an opposed‐piston two‐stroke (OP2S) gasoline engine is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder liner, far from the center of the combustion chamber; the ignition core of the mixture is offset, the flame propagation distance is increased, the combustion duration is prolonged, and the knock tendency is severe. In this paper, a quasi‐dimensional two‐zone combustion model is used in GT‐Power software to establish a thermodynamic process simulation model and a knock prediction model is included to analyze the effect and matching of the compression ratio, ignition timing, and other thermodynamic process parameters on the knock intensity and engine performance. The extended coherent flame model combustion model is coupled with the Huh–Gosman spray model in AVL‐Fire software, and the An B knock model is used to establish an in‐cylinder combustion model and analyze the flame propagation and the knock response rate of the flat and pit piston during the combustion process. With an increase of the compression ratio, the temperature and pressure of the mixture in the combustion chamber increase at the time of ignition, which leads to the knocking combustion in the cylinder. With an increase of the ignition advance angle, the in‐cylinder pressure and temperature increase rapidly, which increases the likelihood of knocking combustion. In comparison with the pit piston combustion chamber, the flame propagation speed of the flat piston combustion chamber is relatively slow, which increases the knock tendency. The results show that lowering the compression ratio and delaying the ignition can reduce the in‐cylinder knock tendency by setting a compression ratio of 10.5 and an ignition advance angle of 20°CA. When the pit piston is used to organize the squish and inverse squish before and after the inner dead center, the flame propagation process can be promoted. The knock response rate of pit piston is 24.7% lower than that of flat top piston.