bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered eating in female Indian students during the Covid‐19 pandemic: The potential role of family
Authors: Amirapu Apoorva , Brady‐Van den Bos Mirjam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWithin a paternalistic culture where weight is socially important and parental pressures are strong, 10 female Indian university students across various countries faced particular problems when living with their parents during the Covid‐19 lockdowns.ObjectiveThe current interview study examines why cultural and familial factors during the Covid‐19 lockdown had such an impact on female Indian university students' food and exercise behaviors and self‐view.MethodSemi‐structured, online (Microsoft Teams) interviews were conducted with 10 female Indian university students aged 20–23, who had moved back in with their parents during lockdown. The recorded and transcribed interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis with a contextualist orientation.ResultsFive themes were generated. Set within a context where eating and exercise habits are regulated by cultural and familial factors (Theme 1), lockdown living situations amplified these factors (Theme 2), severely impacting students' cognitions and affect (Theme 3), and relationships with their parents (Theme 4) even after lockdown was over. Participants' experiences led to greater awareness and motivation to confront their issues regarding body image and mental health (Theme 5).ConclusionsThese findings have practical implications for counseling and eating disorder (ED) therapy in universities: Improved understanding of cultural and familial factors that affect female Indian students likely leads to better support. Our findings also emphasizes the need for research into the role of family and the impacts of family dynamics in the development of disordered eating habits.Public SignificanceIn Indian culture, eating and exercise habits tend to be regulated by cultural and familial factors. When female university students moved back in with their parents during the Covid‐19 lockdowns, their living situation amplified these factors, severely impacting students' thoughts and feelings about their body, and relationships with their parents even after lockdown was over. The study has strong practical implications for university counseling settings and adds to research on the role of culture in how ED develops.
Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflects sustained divergent trophic niches
Authors: Rochat Eloïse C. , Paterson Rachel A. , Blasco‐Costa Isabel , Power Michael , Adams Colin E. , Greer Ron , Knudsen Rune 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolymorphic Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus populations frequently display distinct differences in habitat use, diet, and parasite communities. Changes to the relative species densities and composition of the wider fish community have the potential to alter the habitat niche of sympatric Arctic charr populations. This study evaluated the temporal stability of the parasite community, diet, and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of three sympatric Arctic charr morphs (piscivore, benthivore, and planktivore) from Loch Rannoch, Scotland, in relation to changes to the fish community. All Arctic charr morphs displayed distinct differences in parasite communities, diet, and stable isotope signatures over time, despite the establishment of four new trophically transmitted parasite taxa, and increased fish and zooplankton consumption by the piscivorous and planktivore morphs, respectively. Native parasite prevalence also increased in all Arctic charr morphs. Overall, Loch Rannoch polymorphic Arctic charr morph populations have maintained their distinct trophic niches and parasite communities through time despite changes in the fish community. This result indicates that re‐stocking a native fish species has the potential to induce shifts in the parasite community and diet of Arctic charr morphs.
Environmental‐related variation of stoichiometric traits in body and organs of non‐native sailfin catfishes Pterygoplichthys spp
Authors: Wei Hui , Liang Yanting , Luo Qiang , Gu Dangen , Mu Xidong , Hu Yinchang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntraspecific variation in stoichiometric traits was thought to be an adaptive response to reduce the elemental imbalance between organism and diet in the habitat. Studying the spatial variation of stoichiometric traits of non‐native species and the factors contributing to the variation could help to better understand the invasion mechanism of non‐native fish. In this study, stoichiometric traits (i.e. carbon [C], phosphorus [P], calcium [Ca] and their ratios) variation in the body and organs of non‐native sailfin catfishes Pterygoplichthys spp. were investigated across 13 river sections in the main river basins of Guangdong province. The relationships between environmental factors and stoichiometric traits were analyzed using a general linear model and an information‐theoretic approach. A manipulated feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of food quality on the stoichiometry of sailfin catfishes in a greenhouse. Sailfin catfishes exhibited considerable variability in body and organ elemental composition. Site identity was the main factor contributing to the variation, which could be explained by a combination of environmental factors including climate, diet quality, fish species richness and trophic status in the invaded rivers. Water chemistry (i.e. total nitrogen and phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus) contributed to the most variation of stoichiometric traits. Imbalances of P and Ca between sailfin catfishes and food resources varied among sampling sites, reflecting the spatial heterogeneity of nutrients limitation. Juvenile sailfin catfishes exhibited stoichiometric homeostasis (0 < 1/H < 0.25) for all elemental contents and ratios in the feeding experiment. These findings suggested variation in stoichiometric traits of sailfin catfishes might be attributed to the changes in elemental metabolism to cope with context‐specific environments. This study provided heuristic knowledge about environmental‐related variation in stoichiometric traits, which could enhance the understanding of the non‐native species' adaptation to resource fluctuation in the invaded ecosystems.
A survey of aquatic macroinvertebrates in a river from the dry corridor of Nicaragua using biological indices and DNA barcoding
Authors: Mendoza‐Ramírez Bryant H. , Páiz‐Medina Lucía , Salvatierra‐Suárez Thelma , Hernández Nelvia , Huete‐Pérez Jorge A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used as indicators for water quality assessment around the world. Modern strategies for environmental assessment implement molecular analysis to delimitate species of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Delimitation methods have been established to determine boundaries between species units using sequencing data from DNA barcodes and serve as first exploratory tools for taxonomic revisions. This is useful in regions such as the neotropics where aquatic macroinvertebrate habitats are threatened by human interference and DNA databases remain understudied. We asked whether the biodiversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in a stream in Nicaragua, within the Central American Dry Corridor, could be characterized with biological indices and DNA barcoding. In this study, we combined regional biological indices (BMWP‐CR, IBF‐SV‐2010) along with distance‐based (ASAP, BIN) and tree‐based (GMYC, bPTP) delimitation methods, as well as nucleotide BLAST in public barcode databases. We collected samples from the upper, middle, and low reaches of the Petaquilla river. The three sites presented excellent water quality with the BMWP‐CR index, but evidence of high organic pollution was found in the middle reach with the IBF‐SV‐2010 index. We report a total of 219 COI sequences successfully generated from 18 families and 8 orders. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) designation ranged from 69 to 73 using the four methods, with a congruency of 92% for barcode assignation. Nucleotide BLAST identified 14 species (27.4% of barcodes) and 33 genera (39.3% of barcodes) from query sequences in GenBank and BOLD system databases. This small number of identified OTUs may be explained by the paucity of molecular data from the Neotropical region. Our study provides valuable information about the characterization of macroinvertebrate families that are important biological indicators for the assessment of water quality in Nicaragua. The application of molecular approaches will allow the study of local diversity and further improve the application of molecular techniques for biomonitoring.
The efficacy and safety of ganaxolone for the treatment of refractory epilepsy: A meta‐analysis from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Meng Jiahao , Yan Zeya , Tao Xinyu , Wang Wei , Wang Fei , Xue Tao , Liu Yanfei , Wang Zhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is one of the most common and refractory neurological disorders globally. Ganaxolone, a neuroactive steroid that enhances GABAergic inhibition, has been tested in many trials for the resolution of refractory epilepsy. Based on these, our study implemented a meta‐analysis to evaluate the general benefit of ganaxolone for refractory epilepsy.MethodsEMBASE, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, andClinicaltrials.govwere searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to June 20, 2022. The risk ratio (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD) were analyzed using dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively with a random effect model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also performed to judge the reliability of results.ResultsWe totally collected 659 patients from four RCTs to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganaxolone. As results showed, ≥50% reduction in mean seizure frequency has improved significantly compared with placebo (RR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.02–2.49,p = 0.04,I2 = 30%), which is supported by TSA. However, the percentage of seizure‐free days shows no statistical significance (p = 0.36). For safety outcomes, adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events, and AE leading to study drug discontinuation all revealed no obvious difference between ganaxolone and placebo (p > 0.05).SignificanceBased on our research, we have observed that ganaxolone is safe and has potential efficacy in the treatment of refractory epilepsy, waiting for further studies.
Investigating a university library building evacuation in Pakistan during a semi‐announced fire drill
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Masood , Ahmed Shoaib , Lovreglio Ruggiero , Dias Charitha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvacuation models represent one of the main tools used to assess building fire safety. Existing evacuation models are based on data from evacuation drills in western and developed countries, while there is a need for data from South Asian and developing countries (in general). This paper presents the results of an evacuation drill carried out in a library of a developing country in South Asia (Pakistan). The data of 85 student evacuees were recorded and analysed. Pre‐evacuation and walking speed data have been reported in this paper which are compared with the available data for library evacuations in other countries. The average pre‐evacuation time of 24.3 s (± standard deviation [SD] = 19.83 s) obtained in this study was shorter than previously published data for similar building types in other parts of the world. Furthermore, unimpeded horizontal speeds (mean = 0.74 m/s, SD = 0.28 m/s) were also smaller than the values reported in the available literature. Stair descending speeds (mean = 0.97 m/s, SD = 0.36 m/s) were within the ranges of stair movement data listed in previous studies. These findings represent a pioneering dataset for future building designs and evacuation simulations in developing countries.
Effects of fruits and vegetables on gut microbiota in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome induced by high‐fat diet
Authors: Yu Congcong , Guo Cang , Geng Xueying , Yao Yuyang , Guo Junxia , Zhang Yanzhen , Zhang Jing , Mi Shengquan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on gut microbiota using a mouse model of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high‐fat diet. Forty‐eight male mice were randomly divided into four groups, control group (C), high‐fat diet‐fed model group (H), high fat plus low intake of fruits and vegetables diet‐fed group (H.LFV), high fat plus high intake of fruits and vegetables diet‐fed group (H.HFV), and each group were fed for 60 days. During the experiment, mouse body weights were recorded and fecal samples were collected. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract fecal bacterial DNA, and the purity and concentration of the DNA were detected by electrophoresis. DNA samples underwent PCR amplification (primers in 16 S V4 (515F and 806R)). Raw sequencing data were processed, and sample complexity and multiple‐sample comparisons were investigated. Mouse organ coefficient, serum lipid levels, fecal TC (total cholesterol) and TBA (total bile acid) levels, and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were determined. Compared to the H group, the fecal TC and TBA levels decreased significantly in the H.HFV group (p < .05), and hepatic glutathione and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in both H.LFV and H.HFV groups (p < .05). Decreased abundance of Firmicutes, Burkholderiales, Syntrophomonas, and Pseudomonadales in gut microbiota was observed in H.LFV and H.HFV groups compared to the H group. The Anosim results showed significant differences in pairwise comparison between groups. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results showed that k_bacteria not only exhibited statistically differences between H and C groups but also among H.LFV, H.LFV, and H groups, and hence, could be used as a biomarker between groups. To sum up, fruit and vegetable powder could increase the fecal excretion of TC and TBA, and the antioxidant capacity in C57BL/6N mice. Meanwhile, the mechanism that fruit and vegetable powder could prevent MS in C57BL/6N mice was related to the decreased abundance of gut microbiota, including Firmicutes, Syntrophomonadales, and Pseudomonadales. Hence, fruit and vegetable powder could be used as a recommended food to regulate gut microbiota and prevent the occurrence of MS‐related diseases.
The multitaskers of the brain: Glial responses to viral infections and associated post‐infectious neurologic sequelae
Authors: Davé Veronica A. , Klein Robyn S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany viral infections cause acute and chronic neurologic diseases which can lead to degeneration of cortical functions. While neurotropic viruses that gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) may induce brain injury directly via infection of neurons or their supporting cells, they also alter brain function via indirect neuroimmune mechanisms that may disrupt the blood–brain barrier (BBB), eliminate synapses, and generate neurotoxic astrocytes and microglia that prevent recovery of neuronal circuits. Non‐neuroinvasive, neurovirulent viruses may also trigger aberrant responses in glial cells, including those that interfere with motor and sensory behaviors, encoding of memories and executive function. Increasing evidence from human and animal studies indicate that neuroprotective antiviral responses that amplify levels of innate immune molecules dysregulate normal neuroimmune processes, even in the absence of neuroinvasion, which may persist after virus is cleared. In this review, we discuss how select emerging and re‐emerging RNA viruses induce neuroimmunologic responses that lead to dysfunction of higher order processes including visuospatial recognition, learning and memory, and motor control. Identifying therapeutic targets that return the neuroimmune system to homeostasis is critical for preventing virus‐induced neurodegenerative disorders.
Noninvasive tests for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a multi‐ethnic population: The HELIUS study
Authors: van Dijk Anne‐Marieke , Vali Yasaman , Mak Anne Linde , Galenkamp Henrike , Nieuwdorp Max , van den Born Bert‐Jan , Holleboom Adriaan Georgius 
Published: November 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in prevalence and severity globally, prompting noninvasive testing, yet limited data exist on noninvasive liver tests (NITs) including transient elastography (TE) in ethnically diverse populations. Therefore, we studied prevalence and ethnic differences in NAFLD with NITs in the multi‐ethnic HEalthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort. NITs of liver steatosis (Fatty Liver Index [FLI]) and fibrosis (Fibrosis‐4 index [FIB‐4], and aspartate aminotransferase–to–platelet ratio [APRI]) were assessed in 10,007 participants. A subpopulation of 399 participants, selected on high‐risk criteria for NAFLD (obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and/or elevated NITs), was examined with TE. FLI was ≥60 in 27.3% of 10,007 participants, indicating steatosis. Most participants (71.8%) had FIB‐4 < 1.30, excluding advanced liver fibrosis, and 1.1% (n = 113) had high FIB‐4 (FIB‐4 ≥ 2.67), indicating likely advanced liver fibrosis. In the TE subpopulation, 37.8% and 17.3% had steatosis and fibrosis (continuation attenuation parameter [CAP] ≥ 280 dB/m, liver stiffness measurement [LSM] ≥ 7.0 kPa, respectively). Turkish participants had highest adjusted odds ratio (OR) for elevated LSM (1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–5.01) and Ghanaians the lowest (0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.65). Ghanaians had lowest adjusted OR for elevated CAP: 0.18 (95% CI 0.09–0.37). In diabetics, CAP and LSM were 17.6% and 14.6% higher than in nondiabetics, respectively. Correlations of FIB‐4 and APRI with LSM were absent and weak. Conclusion: Liver steatosis proxy FLI was elevated in 27.3% of this multi‐ethnic population. In Turkish background and in those with T2DM, proxies for steatosis and fibrosis were high, whereas in Ghanaian background, NITs were generally low. Together, this warrants awareness for NAFLD among high‐risk populations, taking ethnic background into account. The absence of clear correlation between FIB‐4 and APRI with LSM questions the accuracy of these fibrosis NITs to detect advanced fibrosis in the general population.
Exploring physicians′ experiences under the national health insurance scheme in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Okunna Nene , Ezeama Nkiru Nwamaka , Ezeama Chukwuemeka Okwudili , Munala Leso 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundA number of low‐and middle‐income countries have implemented National Health Insurance Schemes (NHIS) as part of efforts to increase access to quality healthcare and financial protection from regressive out‐of‐pocket payments. This study explored physicians' experiences under the Nigerian (NHIS) to identify factors that may influence efficient health care delivery.MethodsA convenient sample of 85 physicians residing in South‐East Nigeria who had active contracts with the NHIS were surveyed via self‐administered questionnaire for this study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data while Kruskal‐Wallis tests were used to determine if there were statistically significant associations between physician professional characteristics and their responses to key statements that assessed their experiences and behavior. Also, thematic analysis was used to assess additional qualitative data provided by study participants.ResultsProvider experiences were affected by the perceived inadequacy of reimbursement rates, delays in payment and services not covered by the NHIS. Participants' responses to statements on inadequacy of reimbursement was significantly associated with location using Kruskal‐Wallis test (χ2 (1) = 7.24, p = 0.027) while billing patients for services not covered under the NHIS was significantly associated with length of years of practice (χ2 (1) = 15.5, p = 0.001) and place of employment (χ2 (1) = 5.82, p = 0.054).ConclusionPhysician experiences and challenges they face under the NHIS program in Nigeria have unintended effects on the delivery of health care services. It is imperative that these issues are addressed to improve health service delivery.
Circulating levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3, a protein with inhibitory effects on angiogenesis, are increased in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Palei Ana C. , Cruz Juliana de O. , Chaguri João Leandro , Peraçoli José Carlos , Romão‐Veiga Mariana , Ribeiro‐Vasques Vanessa R. , Cavalli Ricardo C. , Nunes Priscila R. , Luizon Marcelo R. , Sandrim Valéria C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and compare circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP‐3) concentrations between women with pre‐eclampsia and healthy pregnant women. We also aimed to determine the relationships between circulating TIMP‐3 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 concentrations in pre‐eclampsia.MethodsA primary case–control study included patients with pre‐eclampsia (n = 219) and gestational hypertension (n = 118), healthy pregnant women (n = 214), and non‐pregnant women (n = 66), and a replication case–control study included patients with pre‐eclampsia (n = 177) and healthy pregnant women (n = 124), all from southeastern Brazil. Plasma TIMP‐3, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 concentrations were assessed using commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits, and the relationships between them were analyzed using Spearman's correlation.ResultsIn our primary study, patients with pre‐eclampsia and gestational hypertension exhibited increased TIMP‐3 concentrations compared with healthy pregnant women (both P < 0.0001) and non‐pregnant women (both P < 0.001). These findings were confirmed in the replication study, showing elevated TIMP‐3 concentrations in women with pre‐eclampsia versus healthy pregnant women (P < 0.001). We found no difference in TIMP‐3 concentrations between early‐onset and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia. Moreover, TIMP‐3 concentrations were significantly correlated with plasma concentrations of TIMP‐1 (r = 0.2333; P = 0.0086) and MMP‐2 (r = 0.2159; P = 0.0156) in pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionsCirculating TIMP‐3 concentration is increased in women with pre‐eclampsia compared with healthy pregnant women, and it is positively correlated with plasma MMP‐2 and TIMP‐1 concentrations in pre‐eclampsia.
Maternal colonization with extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in term versus preterm pregnancies
Authors: Sgayer Inshirah , Glikman Daniel , Shqara Raneen Abu , Maimon Maya , Rechnitzer Hagai , Lowenstein Lior , Wolf Maya Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the prevalence and risk factors of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL‐E) colonization among women who delivered preterm and at term.MethodsA prospective observational study of maternal ESBL‐E rectovaginal colonization in threatened preterm labor and low‐risk term pregnancies was conducted between March 2017 and August 2021 at the Galilee Medical Center, Israel. Obstetric and neonatal complications were compared between colonized and non‐colonized mothers and neonates.ResultsESBL‐E colonization was similar in the preterm (n = 202) and term (n = 172) groups: 14.4% and 16.9%, respectively (P = 0.567). The maternal‐neonatal transmission rate was higher in the preterm than the term group but the difference was not statistically significant: 42.1% and 22.2%, respectively (P = 0.42). Prematurity was a risk factor of neonatal ESBL‐E colonization (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.75, P = 0.041). ESBL‐E‐colonized preterm infants were delivered at an earlier gestational age and were more likely to have complications. Maternal ESBL‐E colonization and transmission were more prevalent in pregnancies complicated by threatened preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes than in term pregnancies.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the need for further research on the cost‐effectiveness of screening for maternal ESBL‐E colonization in preterm labor, to prevent neonatal infectious complications. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03251885.