bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of association between low birth weight and socioeconomic deprivation level in Japan: an ecological study using nationwide municipal data
Authors: Okui Tasuku , Nakashima Naoki 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Several international studies have indicated an association between socioeconomic deprivation levels and adverse birth outcomes. In contrast, those investigating an association between socioeconomic status and low birth weight using nationwide data are limited in Japan. In this study, we investigated an association between municipal socioeconomic deprivation level and low birth weight by an ecological study.

Methods
Nationwide municipal-specific Vital Statistics data from 2013 to 2017 were used. We calculated the low birth weight rate and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for low birth weight for each municipality and plotted them on a Japanese map. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between them and the deprivation level were calculated. In addition, a spatial regression model including other municipal characteristics was used to investigate an association between low birth weight and the deprivation level.

Results
Municipalities with relatively high SIR for low birth weight were dispersed across all of Japan. The correlation coefficient between the socioeconomic deprivation level and low birth weight rate was 0.196 (p-value < 0.001) among municipalities, and that between the socioeconomic deprivation level and the SIR for low birth weight was 0.260 (p-value < 0.001). In addition, the spatial regression analysis showed the deprivation level was significantly and positively associated with low birth weight.

Conclusions
The socioeconomic deprivation level and low birth weight were positively associated, and a further study using individual data is warranted to verify reasons for the association.
Caution for living donor liver transplantation with congenital portosystemic shunt: a case report
Authors: Nagao Yoshihiro , Toshida Katsuya , Morinaga Akinari , Tomiyama Takahiro , Kosai Yukiko , Shimagaki Tomonari , Tomino Takahiro , Wang Huanlin , Kurihara Takeshi , Toshima Takeo , Morita Kazutoyo , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Congenital portosystemic shunt is an infrequent abnormal connection between the portal vascular system and the systemic circulation. Portosystemic shunts are common findings in patients with cirrhosis, causing gastroesophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and others. However, there is no consensus or literature describing how to manage asymptomatic patients with portosystemic shunts and normal liver.

Case presentation
The patient was a 39-year-old female who underwent donor right hepatectomy for living donor liver transplantation. The patient was healthy by nature, however, developed hepatic encephalopathy after the surgery due to a development of portosystemic shunt. Portosystemic shunt stole portal blood flow, and imaging modalities revealed narrowing of the portal trunk, representing prolonged depletion of portal blood flow. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) was performed for occlusion of the portosystemic shunt. B-RTO increased portal blood flow, and hepatic encephalopathy with hyperammonemia was successfully resolved without the outbreak of any other symptom of portal hypertension.

Conclusions
A congenital portosystemic shunt itself is not a contraindication for donor hepatectomy, but perioperative endovascular shunts occlusion or intraoperative ligature of these shunts should be considered.
A closer look at the synthesis of 2-[18F]fluoroethyl tosylate to minimize the formation of volatile side-products
Authors: Pijeira Martha Sahylí Ortega , dos Santos Sofia Nascimento , Araujo Yasniel Babi , Lapolli André Luis , Wandermuren Marcio Nardelli , Riera Zalua Rodríguez , Carvalho Ivone , Elsinga Philip H. , Bernardes Emerson Soares 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground2-[18F]Fluoroethyltosylate ([18F]FEtOTs) is a well-known18F-fluoroalkylating agent widely used to synthesize radiotracers for positron emission tomography. The widespread use of [18F]FEtOTs is due in part to its low volatility when compared to other halide and sulfonate building blocks. In this work, the radioactive volatile side-products formed during the synthesis of [18F]FEtOTs were identified and characterized for the first time, and an optimization of the reaction conditions to minimize their formation was proposed.ResultsIn order to characterize the volatiles produced during [18F]FEtOTs synthesis, the reaction mixtures of both cold FEtOTs and [18F]FEtOTs were co-injected onto the HPLC system. The radioactive peaks corresponding to the volatile compounds were collected, analyzed through headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry sampler (HS-GC–MS) and identified as vinyl fluoride ([19F]VF) and 2-fluoroethanol ([19F]FEOH). By using a rotatable central composite design with a two-level full factorial core of two factors (22), it was determined that temperature and time are independent variables which affect the generation of [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs. In addition, in order to reduce the formation of the volatiles ([18F]VF and [18F]FEOH) and increase the yield of [18F]FEtOTs, it was demonstrated that the molar ratio of base to precursor must also be considered.Conclusion[18F]VF and [18F]FEOH are volatile side-products formed during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs, whose yields depend on the reaction time, temperature, and the molar ratio of base to precursor. Therefore, special care should be taken during the radiosynthesis and subsequent reactions using [18F]FEOTs in order to avoid environmental contamination and to improve the yield of the desired products.
Predictive Model to Guide Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Surveillance in Patients With Metastatic Lung Cancer: Impact on Real-World Outcomes
Authors: Wu Julie , Ding Victoria , Luo Sophia , Choi Eunji , Hellyer Jessica , Myall Nathaniel , Henry Solomon , Wood Douglas , Stehr Henning , Ji Hanlee , Nagpal Seema , Hayden Gephart Melanie , Wakelee Heather , Neal Joel , Han Summer S. 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE Brain metastasis is common in lung cancer, and treatment of brain metastasis can lead to significant morbidity. Although early detection of brain metastasis may improve outcomes, there are no prediction models to identify high-risk patients for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance. Our goal is to develop a machine learning–based clinicogenomic prediction model to estimate patient-level brain metastasis risk. METHODS A penalized regression competing risk model was developed using 330 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 2014 and June 2019 and followed through June 2021 at Stanford HealthCare. The main outcome was time from the diagnosis of distant metastatic disease to the development of brain metastasis, death, or censoring. RESULTS Among the 330 patients, 84 (25%) developed brain metastasis over 627 person-years, with a 1-year cumulative brain metastasis incidence of 10.2% (95% CI, 6.8 to 13.6). Features selected for model inclusion were histology, cancer stage, age at diagnosis, primary site, and RB1 and ALK alterations. The prediction model yielded high discrimination (area under the curve 0.75). When the cohort was stratified by risk using a 1-year risk threshold of > 14.2% (85th percentile), the high-risk group had increased 1-year cumulative incidence of brain metastasis versus the low-risk group (30.8% v 6.1%, P < .01). Of 48 high-risk patients, 24 developed brain metastasis, and of these, 12 patients had brain metastasis detected more than 7 months after last brain MRI. Patients who missed this 7-month window had larger brain metastases (58% v 33% largest diameter > 10 mm; odds ratio, 2.80, CI, 0.51 to 13) versus those who had MRIs more frequently. CONCLUSION The proposed model can identify high-risk patients, who may benefit from more intensive brain MRI surveillance to reduce morbidity of subsequent treatment through early detection.
Μεθοδολογία Σχεδιασμού για την Αξιοποίηση των νέων Μέσων σε Παιδαγωγικές και Εκπαι-δευτικές Δράσεις
Authors: Σοφός Αλιβίζος 
Published: October 2022

Το άρθρο αναφέρεται στη μεθοδολογία σχεδιασμού εκπαιδευτικών δράσεων με τη χρήση των νέων Μέσων σε παιδαγωγικές και εκπαιδευτικές δράσεις. Πρόκειται για μια θεώρηση που θέτει ως βασικό σημείο αναφοράς το διδακτικό μετασχηματισμό, ενώ τα νέα Μέσα προσεγγίζονται μέσα από τη γενικότερη παιδαγωγική και εκπαιδευτική προοπτική. Ως εκ τούτου η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία δεν προσανατολίζεται στην τεχνολογική τεκμηρίωση των εκπαιδευτικών επιλογών με στόχο την εκμάθηση τεχνολογικών και μόνο δεξιοτήτων χρήσης (skills). Αντιθέτως, οι επιστημονικές ρίζες τοποθετούνται στο επιστημολογικό πλαίσιο των κινήματος της Νέας Αγωγής, της προοδευτικής Αγωγής, της μεταρρυθμιστικής Αγωγής, που στοχεύουν σε παιδοκεντρικές, εργασιοκεντρικές, συνεργατικές και δημοκρατικές εκπαιδευτικές παρεμβάσεις. Το άρθρο χρίζεται σε δύο μέρη. Το πρώτο αναφέρεται στη σημασία του διδακτικού μετασχηματισμού και κυρίως στις προϋποθέσεις που πρέπει να υφίστανται, προκειμένου να καταστεί εφικτός ο μετασχηματισμός αυτός. Στο δεύτερο μέρος παρουσιάζονται οι πέντε φάσεις που περιέχει η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία του σχεδιασμού εκπαιδευτικών δράσεων με τη χρήση των νέων Μέσων. Στόχος του άρθρου αυτού δεν είναι η αναλυτική αιτιολόγηση, τεκμηρίωση και παρουσίαση της μεθοδολογίας, αλλά αντίθετα η συνοπτική παρουσίασή της, προκειμένου να βοηθήσει τους εκπαιδευτικούς στις δύο πρώτες βαθμίδες της εκπαίδευσης να προσανατολιστούν και να προσδιορίσουν τις βασικές ενέργειες για την παιδαγωγική τεκμηρίωση της εκπαιδευτικής τους παρέμβασης με την αξιοποίηση των νέων Μέσων.
Σεξουαλικότητα ατόμων με αναπηρία
Authors: Σωτηρία Δασκαλάκη 
Published: October 2022

Οι άνθρωποι που έχουν διάφορες μορφές αναπηρίας διατηρούν τις σεξουαλικές τους ταυτότητες και εκφράζουν τη σεξουαλικότητά τους, συχνά, με ένα τρόπο διαφορετικό από των αρτιμελών. Ιστορικά, οι ανάπηροι έχουν θεωρηθεί από ακαδημαϊκούς και την κοινωνία σε γενικές γραμμές ως μη-σεξουαλικοί, γεγονός που οφείλεται στις εμφανείς φυσικές διαφορές και στις πιθανές διαφορές λειτουργικότητας. Αυτά τα πιστεύω έχουν καλλιεργηθεί από τους κοινωνικούς ορισμούς για το σεξουαλικά επιθυμητό και γοητευτικό, που δεν περιλαμβάνουν τους ανθρώπους με αναπηρίες. Ανάλογα με τη φυσική αναπηρία, επηρεάζεται και η σεξουαλική λειτουργία σε ποικίλους βαθμούς. Οι άνθρωποι με αναπηρίες συνήθως ερευνούν τις σεξουαλικές τους ικανότητες και επιθυμίες μέσα από δοκιμές και μαθαίνοντας από τα λάθη τους με τους εαυτούς τους ή με το σύντροφό τους. Επειδή δεν υπάρχει κοινωνική υποστήριξη, φαίνεται σαν η κοινωνία των ανθρώπων με αναπηρίες να παράγει σεξουαλική αυτοεκτίμηση και να αναπτύσσει μια σεξουαλική ταυτότητα μέσα από την εμπειρία και την υποστήριξη των υπόλοιπων στην κοινότητα. Γενικά, υπάρχει η ελπίδα ότι μέσα από την αυξανόμενη ευαισθητοποίηση γύρω από την αναπηρία, οι άνθρωποι με αναπηρίες θα βρουν στο μέλλον μια πιο ανοιχτή κοινωνική αντίληψη αναφορικά με τη σεξουαλικότητα.
Role of virtual modality for stroke caregivers in facilitating stroke survivors and assessing their perceptions in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Khoja Adeel , Ali Naureen Akber , Akber Noshaba , Harrison Jade , Kazim Fizzah 
Published: October 2022

Background: Stroke survivors become either partially or completely dependent on their family members for assistance. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a new set of challenges for caregiving, due to government-imposed lockdowns. In the current crisis, the crucial role of virtual modality in stroke caregiving can no longer be ignored. Therefore, this review aims to report the utilization of virtual modality to facilitate stroke caregivers in delivering care to stroke survivors in this pandemic. Moreover, it will also assess the perceptions of stroke caregivers in managing stroke survivors during pandemic Methods: An electronic search was carried out between 1 December 2019 to 31 March 2022 to explore the role of virtual platforms to assess stroke caregivers’ perceptions and the use of a distant medium in managing stroke survivors’ care in the COVID-19 era by using four electronic data bases that includes PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, and Cochrane. Results The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly complicated the stroke caregiver’s life and their ability to deliver care. Therefore, utilizing virtual medium serves as a unique supplemental resource in warranting patient care continuity. The current review provides evidence for the integration of distant modality in facilitating stroke caregivers to manage stroke survivors and it also assesses their perception during pandemic. Conclusion: The current review provides limited but encouraging data that promotes the efficacy of virtual models in healthcare. It was identified that distant healthcare services are suitable and accessible for the provision of care to the community of stroke caregivers during this pandemic.
Academic Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Advisors and Their Advisees’ Outcomes
Authors: Roche Maria P. 
Published: October 2022

The transfer of complex knowledge and skills is difficult, often requiring intensive interaction and extensive periods of coworking between a mentor and mentee, which is particularly true in apprenticeship-like settings and on-the-job training. This paper studies a context that quintessentially describes this type of learning: the academic laboratory. I focus on ways a change in the attention of a principal investigator, moving to entrepreneurship, may influence knowledge transmission and skill development by examining the relationship of this change with their PhD students’ scientific productivity and careers. To do so, I rely on novel restricted-access data encompassing faculty and PhD students in computer sciences, engineering, and the life sciences who were active at an elite U.S. research university from 2001 to 2017. The results suggest a substantial negative association between a professor’s entrepreneurial activity and the short- and long-run publication output of the PhD students they train. Furthermore, I detect a decrease in students’ likelihood of becoming professors themselves but an increase in their likelihood of working for consulting firms on graduation. Finally, I provide evidence suggesting that changes in trainee development are the most feasible drivers of the results rather than changes in trainee research orientation, selection, or life cycle effects. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [NSF SciSIP Dissertation Improvement Grant 1933387]. The author thanks the Harvard Business School Division of Research and Faculty Development for further financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1633 .
The effect of COVID-19 on student opportunities to acquire airway skills
Authors: Barr Nigel , Donathan Erin , Ockey Ryan 
Published: October 2022

Background:To protect healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic, substantial changes were made to clinical care guidelines across the United States. Alongside these changes, emergency medical services call volume decreased nationwide. These made it difficult for paramedic students to practise and master the practical skills necessary for skill competency and graduation. The aim of this study was to explore the changes in the number of opportunities available to paramedic students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:A retrospective study of student records was carried out to explore airway procedure variables before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results:Statistically significant differences in case exposure were found between the periods before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Case volume and opportunities to practise most airway procedures decreased post COVID-19. However, procedures associated with higher-acuity patients, such as intubation, increase in frequency.Conclusion:The pandemic gave rise to difficulties for paramedic educators in preparing students for qualification and the current study has highlighted such unique challenges. Consideration must be given to developing a more flexible, adaptable and scalable way to measure a student's competency in paramedicine in times of significant disruption.
Correlations between B-mode ultrasound image texture features and tissue temperatures in hyperthermia
Authors: Wang Xuelin , Sheng Lei 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The noninvasive monitoring of mild hyperthermia or thermal ablation is important to guarantee therapeutic safety and efficacy. The potential of ultrasound B-mode image texture features in monitoring temperature or coagulation zones studied in this article.

Materials and methods
The experiments carried out on eighteen in vitro porcine liver samples heated from 20°C to 60°C in the water bath. The ultrasound radiofrequency signal at different temperature collected to reconstruct B-mode ultrasound images. The texture features based on gray level histogram (GLH), gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and gray level-gradient co-occurrence matrix (GGCM) extracted, respectively. Accordingly, we analyze the correlations between these texture features and temperature based on the experiment results.

Results
The results showed that five texture feature parameters closely related to temperature, including mean gray scale of GLH, homogeneity of GLCM, hybrid entropy, inverse difference moment, and correlation of GGCM. Some of these feature parameters have correlation coefficients larger than 0.9 within the temperature range of 20°C to 60°C.

Conclusions
The above-mentioned five feature parameters expected to apply for noninvasive monitoring of MH or TA.
Prediction of odds for emergency cesarean section: A secondary analysis of the CHILD term birth cohort study
Authors: Tun Mon H. , Chari Radha , Kaul Padma , Mamede Fabiana V. , Paulden Mike , Lefebvre Diana L. , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Sears Malcolm R. , Subbarao Padmaja , Mandhane Piush J. 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionPreviously developed cesarean section (CS) and emergency CS prediction tools use antenatal and intrapartum risk factors. We aimed to develop a predictive model for the risk of emergency CS before the onset of labour utilizing antenatal obstetric and non-obstetric factors.MethodsWe completed a secondary analysis of data collected from the CHILD Cohort Study. The analysis was limited to term (≥37 weeks), singleton pregnant women with cephalic presentation. The sample was divided into a training and validation dataset. The emergency CS prediction model was developed in the training dataset and the performance accuracy was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). Our final model was subsequently evaluated in the validation dataset.ResultsThe participant sample consisted of 2,836 pregnant women. Mean age of participants was 32 years, mean BMI of 25.4 kg/m2 and 39% were nulliparous. 14% had emergency CS delivery. Each year of increasing maternal age increased the odds of emergency CS by 6% (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR 1.06,1.02–1.08). Likewise, there was a 4% increase odds of emergency CS for each unit increase in BMI (aOR 1.04,1.02–1.06). In contrast, increase in maternal height has a negative association with emergency CS. The final emergency CS delivery predictive model included six variables (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, antenatal depression, previous vaginal delivery, age, height, BMI). The AUC for our final prediction model was 0.74 (0.72–0.77) in the training set with a similar AUC in the validation dataset (0.77; 0.71–0.82).ConclusionThe developed and validated emergency CS delivery prediction model can be used in counselling prospective parents around their CS risk and healthcare resource planning. Further validation of the tool is suggested.
The impact of social drivers, conditional cash transfers and their mechanisms on the mental health of the young; an integrated retrospective and forecasting approach using the 100 million Brazilian Cohort: A study protocol
Authors: Machado Daiane Borges , Azevedo Paiva de Araujo Jacyra , Alves Flávia Jôse Oliveira , Fernando Silva Castro-de-Araujo Luis , da Silva Rodrigues Elisângela , Fialho Morais Xavier Erika , Lins Rodrigues Rodrigo , Rasella Davide , Naslund John , Patel Vikram , L. Barreto Mauricio 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPhysical, emotional, and social changes, including exposure to poverty, abuse, or violence, increases youth vulnerability to mental illness. These factors interfere with development, limit opportunities, and hamper achievement of a fulfilling life as adults. Addressing these issues can lead to improved outcomes at the population level and better cost-effectiveness for health services. Cash transfer programs have been a promising way to address social drivers for poor mental health. However, it is still unclear which pathways and mechanisms explain the association between socioeconomic support and lower mental illness among youth. Therefore, we will evaluate the effect of social drivers on youth mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide, test mechanisms and pathways of a countrywide socioeconomic intervention, and examine the timing of the intervention during the life course.MethodsWe will combine individual-level data from youth national hospitalization, mental health disorders and attempted suicide, suicide registries and notifications of violence, with large-scale databases, including “The 100 Million Brazilian Cohort”, over an 18-year period (2001–2018). Several approaches will be used for the retrospective quasi-experimental impact evaluations, such as Regression Discontinuity Designs, Propensity Score Matching and difference-in-differences, combined with multivariable regressions for cohort analyses. We will run multivariate regressions based on hierarchical analysis approach to evaluate the association between important social drivers (mental health care, demographic and economic aspects) on mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide among youth. Furthermore, we will perform microsimulations to generate projections regarding how mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide trends will be in the future based on the current state, and how BFP implementation scenarios will affect these trends.DiscussionThe results of this project will be of vital importance to guide policies and programs to improve mental health and reduce mental health-related hospitalizations and suicide in youth. It will provide information to improve the effectiveness of these programs worldwide. If cash transfers can decrease mental health problems among youth and reduce suicide.