bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of mental health status among adolescents in Puducherry, India – A mixed method study
Authors: Gunasekaran Kalaipriya , Vasudevan Kavita , Srimadhi Muthaiyan 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Adolescence is a crucial period during which biological and psychosocial changes occur in an individual. The prevalence of mental disorders among Indian adolescents was 7.3%. Early recognition and intervention will help to have favorable outcomes.

Aims:
To determine and compare the prevalence and risk factors associated with mental health illness among urban and rural adolescents in Puducherry.

Methods and Material:
An explanatory mixed-method design wherein the quantitative phase (an analytical cross-sectional study) was followed by qualitative phase (focus group discussion). Adolescents aged 13–17 years attending Government schools in urban and rural Puducherry were selected by stratified random sampling. Mental health status was screened using a validated Youth Report Measures for Children and Adolescents – SDQ and students with higher score were considered to be at risk of mental health illness.

Results:
Among 329 adolescent, 25.5% are found to be at risk of mental health illness. The mean total score and sub-domain scores of hyperactivity and emotional symptoms were found to be significantly higher in urban when compared to rural. Among those at risk of mental health illness, significant difference between urban and rural area was seen with respect to variables like family monthly income and parent’s occupation. Behaviour change and deterioration in academic performance were the most common presentation as perceived by the teachers.

Conclusions:
One fourth of the adolescents were found to be at risk of mental health illness, so periodic screening could be done at schools, for early identification and proper treatment of mental disorders.
Impact of milk on malnutrition and cognitive skills among school children: Evidence from gift milk initiative from a tribal state of India
Authors: Rana Rishabh K. , Nag Alka R. , Soren Santosh , Kumar Dewesh , Kumar Chandramani , Sagar Vidya , Singh Shashi Bhushan , Hedayetullah Syed , Kujur Anit 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of fortified milk on various aspects of growth and development among school children in a tribal-predominant district of Jharkhand, India.

Materials and Methods:
A longitudinal study was planned in 16 schools (eight in intervention group and eight in control group) of Latehar district of Jharkhand in India. Out of the total 962 study participants, only 528 study participants were considered in study analysis, who were present both during baseline and endline study after 1 year of milk introduction. The study participants were assessed for nutrition, intelligence quotient, and hemoglobin levels with the help of study tools and instruments.

Results:
The decrease in malnutrition was more evident in the intervention group during endline assessment, with 95% confidence interval (95% CI; 7.37, 7.42) and 95% CI (10.63, 10.58) for the difference in proportion in the intervention and control groups for stunting and thinness, respectively. This was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Anemia also improved with better cognition in the intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In our study, beneficial effects of milk on malnourished children were evident, particularly in combating stunting and thinness, and it also had a positive impact on cognitive skills in school children.
Continuing medical education about postexposure prophylaxis of rabies in tribal area medical college hospital of Gujarat, India: One step towards rabies elimination
Authors: Bariya Bhavesh , Patel Mitali , Mahyavanshi Darshan , Nayak Sunil 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Continuing Medical Education (CME) is an essential feature of the clinical practice and helps to improve the health care provider’s ability to provide quality patient care. The World Health Organization has given a global strategic plan to end human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 known as “Zero by thirty.”

Methodology:
A CME session was organized for staff nurses working in a tertiary medical care hospital of Valsad district about anti rabies vaccination. Ninety-one participants were administered the questionnaire about antirabies vaccine (ARV) and related practical aspects before and after the CME session.

Results:
Mean pre- and post-CME Score of the participants was 5.38 and 8.68 out of 10, respectively which was statistically significant. The majority of the participants could score from 5 to 6 (33, 36.2%) before CME which rose to 9 to 10 after CME (58, 63.7%). A total of 52 participants (57%) showed improvement in total score by more than 5 points after attending CME, whereas 13 (14%) showed no improvement. The maximum improvement (52.1%) was found in the fact that currently available vaccine vials are the same for intradermal (ID) and intramuscular (IM) regimes, followed by the need for immunoglobulins in category III animal bites (44.3%).

Conclusion:
CME showed significant improvement in knowledge regarding rabies and antirabies vaccination. The knowledge regarding the similar schedule for both adults and children needs improvement. Subsequent CME programs should focus on these aspects for the effective management of animal bite patients.
Mother and child protection card as a resource tool for health care providers on VHND sessions: Providers’ views in rural area of Valsad district in south Gujarat, India
Authors: Mahyavanshi Darshan , Bariya Bhaveshbhai R. , Patel Mitali , Nayak Sunil 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Mother and Child Protection card (MCP card) is used for tracking of each child right from conception till 3 years of age by community health workers. It is a rich source of information for HCPs about mother and child health. A well-versed health care provider (HCP) can deliver the services efficiently to the beneficiaries.

Objectives:
To assess knowledge of HCPs about information provided in the MCP card.

Methodology:
It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the rural area of Valsad. Nineteen HCPS were interviewed on VHND sessions for their knowledge about health information provided in MCP card.

Results:
Mean age of HCPs was 38.11 years with mean 9.3 years of work experience. Of these 94.7% were providing the MCP card while registering the beneficiary. Around 78.9% knew growth chart, 68.4% knew vaccination information and nearly half were aware about the various government schemes. About 36.84% could mention five cleans of safe delivery at home.

Conclusion:
HCPs were aware about vaccination, antenatal care, growth chart but their knowledge about five cleans of home delivery and postnatal care needs to be improved.
Assessment of anaemia and nutritional status of antenatal women attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Arora Kanupriya , Bahadur Anupama , Mishra Divya , Mundhra Rajlaxmi 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess and grade anaemia in antenatal women at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 151 participants over 4 months at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India. Extensive work on quantifying daily nutritional intake and requirement was done to estimate antenatal women’s nutritional status suffering from anaemia.

Results:
The proportion of anaemia among pregnant women was 37.09%, with mean haemoglobin of 11 g/dl, mode and median of 11.3 g/dl with higher and moderate anaemia than mild. It was in direct proportion with the number of abortions, gravid status and trimester of pregnancy. There was a protein deficit of 30–60% in 73.2% of the anaemic patients. Iron tablets were taken regularly by 85.5% of anaemic patients and 87.1% of non-anaemic patients. None of the anaemic patients met their 100% calorie requirement. The least calorie deficit was found to be 14.4%. A calorie deficit of 30–60% was found in 75% of the anaemic patients. Patients with severe anaemia had a calorie deficit of 40–60%.

Discussion:
Poverty, ignorance and non-availability of resources are the key factors underlying this condition. The lacunae in the delivery chain of beneficence to antenatal women offered by the government need to be looked at. Family planning has a pivotal role in controlling anaemia, as a high frequency of abortions and pregnancies were associated with anaemia.
The outcomes of carpal tunnel decompression based on electro-diagnostic approaches and clinical symptoms in patients suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Authors: Erfanifam Taher , Anaraki Pouria Hashemie , Vahedi Leila , Nourmohammadi Jalal , Emami Bashir , Khameneh Amin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The main objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of carpal tunnel release surgery based on the electro-diagnostic approaches and its clinical symptoms in patients who suffered from carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Methods:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study that consisted 50 participants of 100 patients of which 22 of them were men, and 78 of them were female. All the participants were examined through their clinical symptoms including pain, by parentheses, and also using the Levine-Katz Questionnaire before and after the open surgical operation. Additionally, patients with electrophysiological (EP) disorders were evaluated using electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) (EMG-NCV) tests. Then, the association of the findings and results of this study was analyzed and then compared together using a particular statistical analysis model before and after the surgical procedure.

Findings:
The data achieved from the present study demonstrated that a significant improvement in both sexes and age groups was observed, and there was no significant difference in the level of improvement based on age and gender. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the improvement severity of clinical symptoms and the improvement of severity of muscle nerve disease and their functions.

Conclusion:
It was observed that the surgical procedure for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, improves its clinical symptoms in patients tested with electrodiagnostic techniques. Moreover, diversity of age and sexual condition did not affect the results of the study.
Blood supply management amid COVID 19 pandemic: Challenges and strategies
Authors: Raghuwanshi Babita , Behera Prateek , Singh Pooja , Khan Ruby , Munshi Rakesh , Patil Ankita , Chouhan Sunil 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Blood supply management amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became a cause of concern. Blood donations in the pandemic reduced significantly because of travel restrictions and fear of contracting the virus by visiting blood banks. The WHO (World Health Organization), NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) and the SBTC (State Blood Transfusion Council) published guidelines to ensure the safety of blood donors and staff during the pandemic and to ensure correct procedures are followed. The blood centre physicians took measures for appropriate clinical use of blood and blood products, which reduced the number of transfusions and thereby safeguarded the blood supply for those who needed it the most.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, and 33 blood banks from 33 districts of Madhya Pradesh in collaboration with the National Health Mission and NACO. This was a retrospective study from pre-lockdown to lockdown and unlock phases 1 to 5 for nine months (February 2020 to October 2020) from 33 district-level blood centres of Central India, and the study compared the impact on blood supply from pre-pandemic time to the COVID-19 pandemic time. During the stipulated time period of 9 months, which included the pre-pandemic blood supply, the phases of lockdown when Section 144 was imposed in the country and the unlock phases, the management of transfusion services by the district blood banks of Central India during the COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated. The strategies adopted to maintain the blood supply and adequate inventory were studied.

Results:
The blood donation percentage in the district hospitals of Madhya Pradesh dropped drastically by 61.5% in February 2020 (pre-pandemic time) to 3.35% in April 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic). The nadir of fall in blood donations was seen in April 2020 (phase 1 of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown) with a zenith in February 2020 (pre-pandemic time). The minimum number of donations 8,037 (3.32%) in all 33 districts of Central India was seen in April, when the lockdown restrictions in the country were the strictest. In response to the reduced blood supply, the blood centres adopted strategies to maintain the inventory. Routine requests and inventory were monitored strictly for judicious and rational use of blood and its components.

Conclusion:
The motivation, dedication and the judicious use of blood products in addition to blood conservation strategies, first-in-first-out policy, maintaining an emergency stock of blood and strict monitoring by blood centre physicians led to the gradual upward trend of blood stocks, and hence blood supply management amid the COVID-19 pandemic could be sustained.
Incidence of Fungal Keratitis in Libya
Authors: Atia Ahmed , Ashour Abdulsalam , Alfaigh Hanan 
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives:
Eye infection may lead to loss of visual function or impairment, causing severe disability. The cornea is particularly sensitive, and the amount of scarring or inflammation that is relatively mild in other areas of the body may have a substantial consequence on the cornea. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of eye fungal infection among patients attending the Eye Hospital in Tripoli city, Libya.

Methods:
Seventy-one patients with ocular fungal infections were subjected to clinical and microbiological investigations. They were selected from patients attending the outpatient department, casualty, and floor of Tripoli Eye Hospital. The specimens of the external ocular infections were collected using sterile swab and inoculated to different culture media.

Results:
The current findings showed that the Aspergillus was the most common causative agent, being responsible for 91.54% of the all cases, it was followed by Candida albicans (8.46%).

Conclusion:
Knowledge of the pathological course and clinical features of fungal keratitis will undoubtedly be added in early diagnosis and treatment, with reduction in ocular morbidity.
The correlation between viral shedding duration and blood biomarkers in COVID-19-infected patients
Authors: Sadeghi Somayeh , Nasri Peiman , Nasri Elahe , Solgi Hamid , Nasirian Maryam , Pourajam Samaneh , Fakhim Hamed , Mirhendi Hossein , Ataei Behrooz , Mobarakeh Shadi Reisizadeh 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Since December 2019, the world is struggling with an outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection mostly represented as an acute respiratory distress syndrome and has turned into the most critical health issue worldwide. Limited information is available about the association between dynamic changes in the naso/oropharyngeal viral shedding in infected patients and biomarkers, aiming to be assessed in the current study.

Materials and Methods:
This quasi-cohort study was conducted on 31 patients with moderate severity of COVID-19 manifestations, whose real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA at baseline. RT-PCR was rechecked for patients every 3–4 days until achieving two negative ones. In parallel, biomarkers, including lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were assessed every other day, as well. Viral shedding also was assessed.

Results:
Spearman's correlation test revealed a significant direct correlation between the viral shedding from the symptom onset and the time, in which CRP (P = 0.0015, r = 0.54) and LDH (P = 0.001, r = 0.6207) return to normal levels after symptom onset, but not for lymphocyte count (P = 0.068, r = 0.34).

Conclusion:
Based on the current study's findings, the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was directly correlated with the required time for LDH and CRP return to normal levels. Therefore, these factors can be considered the determinants for patients’ discharge, isolation, and return to social activities; however, further investigations are required to generalize the outcomes.
Multidimensional Impact of Mental Illness on Tribal Families in India
Authors: Subudhi Chittaranjan , Biswal Ramakrishna , Pathak Abhijit 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Mental illness and burden of care on family is widely discussed in the context of the general population. However, mental health in tribal people also needs the same attention from researchers. In this study, the authors intended to find out the effect of mental illness on tribal families having a person with mental illness.

Methods:
A descriptive study was done to collect data at the Ispat General Hospital from 50 tribal respondents who were admitted to the Department of Psychiatry. We used open-ended questions to collect the qualitative data. Then, we did content analysis to build themes of the issues of their mental illnesses.

Results:
We found that the effect of mental illness is on education, marriage, financial crisis, family stress, disruption of family routine activities, physical abuse and violence in the family, social isolation, lack of caregiver's personal care and care for other children in the family, as well as damage to household accessories.

Conclusion:
In this study, the authors created major themes, to dissect and trisect into adverse events, which were frequent and appear the same in the general and tribal family having a patient with mental illness.
Coronavirus Phase and Major Influencing Factors in Determining Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Satapathy Sujata , Wundavalli Laxmi Tej , Chadda Rakesh Kumar , Satpathy Sidhartha , Tiwari Shraddhesh Kumar , Singh Sheetal , Singh Angel Rajan , Kumar Yogesh , Barre Vijay Prasad 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among COVID-19 inpatients during the initial and peak coronavirus phase in the largest public sector hospital in India.

Methods:
With a prospective observational design, we included 761 male and female COVID-19-hospitalized patients. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used.

Results:
Totally, 612 males and 149 females had a mean age of 36.68 ± 11.72 (mean ± standard deviation) years. The prevalences of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms for the total sample were 12.6%, 19.2%, 19.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Significant differences existed in the prevalence of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression between the initial coronavirus and peak coronavirus phase (13.7% vs. 11%, χ
2 = 9.37 p < 0.01), 22.1% vs. 14.7%, χ
2 = 23.04, p < 0.01), 21.04% vs. 16.3%, χ
2= 15.78, p < 0.01) but not in that of PTSD. Except for psychological distress, there was no gender difference. Coronavirus phase and employment status had significant interaction effects (p < 0.01) on anxiety and depression.

Conclusion:
Younger age, males in full-time jobs, in marital relationship, poor socioeconomic status were the risk factors, and comorbidity was the important risk factor. The result of this study could highlight the need for compulsory mental health screening and necessary medical/non-medical mental health support to all admitted patients.
Associations between Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism, Melancholic Feature, and Treatment Refractoriness in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Lin Yu-Shiou , Tsai Shih-Jen , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is related to the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). But whether the Val66Met polymorphism is associated with the clinical manifestations of TRD (such as treatment refractoriness and melancholic and anxious distress features) remains unclear.

Methods:
Totally, 106 patients with TRD were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. We used the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale evaluate depressive symptoms (melancholic and anxious distress features) and Maudsley Staging Method to measure treatment refractoriness. Logistic regression models were constructed to study the relationships among the Val66Met polymorphism, melancholic or anxious distress features, and treatment refractoriness.

Results:
The risk of Val/Met heterozygosity was associated with significantly greater melancholic features than that of Val/Val homozygosity (odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)] = (4.67 [1.16–14.24], p < 0.05). The melancholic feature in Val/Met heterozygosity was significantly higher to have the risk in treatment refractoriness than that of Val/Val homozygosity odd ratio (95% CI) = (6.42 [1.70–24.25], p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Patients with TRD carrying the BDNF Val/Met genotype are more likely to present with melancholic feature, which is in turn related to high treatment refractoriness.
Loops in the fundamental group of which are not represented by circle actions
Authors: Anjos Sílvia , Barata Miguel , Pinsonnault Martin , Reis Ana Alexandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study generators of the fundamental group of the group of symplectomorphisms
$\operatorname {\mathrm{Symp}} (\mathbb C\mathbb P^2\#\,5\overline { \mathbb C\mathbb P}\,\!^2, \omega )$
for some particular symplectic forms. It was observed by Kȩdra (2009, Archivum Mathematicum 45) that there are many symplectic 4-manifolds
$(M, \omega )$
, where M is neither rational nor ruled, that admit no circle action and
$\pi _1 (\operatorname {\mathrm {Ham}} (M,\omega ))$
is nontrivial. On the other hand, it follows from Abreu and McDuff (2000, Journal of the American Mathematical Society 13, 971–1009), Anjos and Eden (2019, Michigan Mathematical Journal 68, 71–126), Anjos and Pinsonnault (2013, Mathematische Zeitschrift 275, 245–292), and Pinsonnault (2008, Compositio Mathematica 144, 787–810) that the fundamental group of the group
$ \operatorname {\mathrm{Symp}}_h(\mathbb C\mathbb P^2\#\,k\overline { \mathbb C\mathbb P}\,\!^2,\omega )$
, of symplectomorphisms that act trivially on homology, with
$k \leq 4$
, is generated by circle actions on the manifold. We show that, for some particular symplectic forms
$\omega $
, the set of all Hamiltonian circle actions generates a proper subgroup in
$\pi _1(\operatorname {\mathrm{Symp}}_{h}(\mathbb C\mathbb P^2\#\,5\overline { \mathbb C\mathbb P}\,\!^2,\omega )).$
Our work depends on Delzant classification of toric symplectic manifolds, Karshon’s classification of Hamiltonian
$S^1$
-spaces, and the computation of Seidel elements of some circle actions.