bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of composite reinforcing filler, vulcanizing temperature, and pressure on mechanical properties of gasket material for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Hou Qiong , Yin Li , Xu Lifeng , Tan Jinzhu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGasket is one of the key components in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), and the performance of the gasket can directly affect the durability and electrochemical performance of the PEMFCs. In this paper, the silicone rubber material, which is being considered as gasket material for PEMFC, was fabricated with different composite reinforcing fillers at different vulcanizing temperatures under different vulcanizing pressures. Effects of the composite reinforcing fillers (i.e., gas‐phase SiO2and nano‐CaCO3), vulcanizing temperatures, and pressures on mechanical properties of the silicone rubber material were investigated. The tensile, hardness measurement, compression set, and compression stress relaxation experimental results show that the mass ratios of the gas‐phase SiO2to nano‐CaCO3, curing temperatures, and pressures had a significant impact on the mechanical properties of PEMFC gasket materials. It is found that the silicone rubber material cured at a vulcanization temperature of 160 °C and a vulcanization pressure of 10 MPa had good compression mechanical properties compared to the materials cured at the other curing temperatures and curing pressures. Orthogonal test results show that, when mass ratio of the gas‐phase SiO2to nano‐CaCO3was 25:20, the silicone rubber material cured at the curing temperature of 160 °C and under the curing pressure of 10 MPa had good compressive stress relaxation performance in this work.
Synthesis of oxazolo‐annulated 3‐benzazepines designed by merging two negative allosteric NMDA receptor modulators
Authors: Markus Alexander , Schepmann Dirk , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo improve the metabolic stability and receptor selectivity of ifenprodil (1), the benzoxazolone moiety of besonprodil (2) and the 3‐benzazepone moiety of WMS‐1410 (3) were merged to obtain oxazolobenzazepines of type 4. The 5‐(hydroxyethyl)benzoxazolone 7 representing the first key intermediate was prepared in four steps starting with the 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)phenol (8). Mitsunobu reaction of primary alcohol 7 with N‐sulfonylated glycine esters established the necessary side chain. The intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation of acid 12a containing the N‐tosyl protective group led upon decarbonylation exclusively to the tricyclic tetrahydroisoquinoline 14. Protection of the amino moiety by the stronger electron‐withdrawing triflyl group resulted in the desired 3‐benzazepine 15 without the formation of analogous isoquinoline. The triflyl protective group was cleaved off by K2CO3‐induced elimination of trifluoromethanesulfinate. In a one‐pot three‐step procedure, various oxazolobenzazepinediones 15 were obtained, which were reduced to afford the desired secondary alcohols 18.
Überwachung der Brücke am Altstädter Bahnhof
Authors: Kaplan Felix , Steinbock Oliver , Saloga Katrin , Ebell Gino , Schmidt Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDie B 1‐Brücke am Altstädter Bahnhof war der wichtigste Verkehrsknotenpunkt in Brandenburg an der Havel. Im Dezember 2019 wurden die überführte Bundesstraße und die Straßenbahnlinie für den Verkehr gesperrt. Grund für die Sperrung war eine einsetzende Rissbildung in den Längsträgerstegen in Verbindung mit Hohlstellen, die letztlich auf gerissene Spanndrähte zurückgeführt werden. Um eine Sperrung der hoch frequentierten unterführten Verkehrswege zu verhindern, wurde ein umfangreiches Überwachungskonzept erforderlich. Wesentlicher Bestandteil dieses Konzepts war ein auf der Schallemissionsanalyse basierendes Monitoringsystem, mit dessen Hilfe Spanndrahtbrüche aufgezeichnet und lokalisiert werden konnten. Auf Grundlage der so gewonnenen Ergebnisse konnten Schwerpunkte für die Bauwerksprüfung abgeleitet werden. In diesem Bericht werden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zum messtechnisch erfassten Schadensfortschritt und den damit verbundenen visuell festgestellten Schäden beschrieben. Dabei werden die Besonderheit des verbauten konzentrierten Spannglieds (Spannblockverfahren nach TGL 173‐33) und des Spannstahls in Bezug auf die Schadensbilder dargestellt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollten bei der Beurteilung anderer Bauwerke mit vergleichbarer Bauart berücksichtigt werden.
Hierarchical Fibrous Honeycomb Ceramics with High Load Capability and Low Light‐Off Temperature for the Next‐Generation Auto Emissions Standards
Authors: Du Pengpeng , Min Xin , Li Hongwei , Liu Zhenglian , Wu Xiaowen , Liu Yangai , Huang Zhaohui , Fang Minghao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNovel and stringent automotive exhaust gas emissions standards are urgently needed to counter the problems posed by the worsening global climate and environment. However, the traditional cordierite‐based honeycomb ceramics substrates with ultimate pore density have seriously restricted the establishment of new emission standards. Herein, we introduce a novel robust substrate with tailored volume‐specific surface area and low heat capacity. This substrate employs the synergy of high‐strength ceramic fibers and ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets. The micro‐sized fibers provide support to ensure structural strength during the catalytic reaction, while the nanosheets play the dual role of connecting the fibers and providing a high surface area for catalyst immobilization. The new three‐dimensional (3D) microarchitecture exhibits a high volume‐specific surface area of 3.59×104 cm2/cm3, a compressive strength of 2.01 MPa, and remarkable stability after high‐speed air erosion at 800 °C. The honeycomb‐like structure exhibit low resistance to gas flow. Furthermore, after loading with Pt and Pd nanoparticles, the composite 3D microarchitecture delivered an excellent catalytic performance and prominent structural stability, with a super low light‐off temperature of 150 °C. The outstanding mechanical and thermal stability and the high surface area and light‐off temperature of the new substrate indicate its potential for use as a highly efficient catalytic carrier to meet the next‐generation auto emissions standards.
Bis‐Phosphaketenes LM(PCO)2 (M=Ga, In): A New Class of Reactive Group 13 Metal‐Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Sharma Mahendra K. , Dhawan Pratima , Helling Christoph , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphaketenes are versatile reagents in organophosphorus chemistry. We herein report on the synthesis of novel bis‐phosphaketenes, LM(PCO)2 (M=Ga 2 a, In 2 b; L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2; Ar=2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3) by salt metathesis reactions and their reactions with LGa to metallaphosphenes LGa(OCP)PML (M=Ga 3 a, In 3 b). 3 b represents the first compound with significant In−P π‐bonding contribution as was confirmed by DFT calculations. Compounds 3 a and 3 b selectively activate the N−H and O−H bonds of aniline and phenol at the Ga−P bond and both reactions proceed with a rearrangement of the phosphaethynolate group from Ga−OCP to M−PCO bonding. Compounds 2–5 are fully characterized by heteronuclear (1H, 13C{1H}, 31P{1H}) NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (sc‐XRD).
Evaluation of Shell Powder Remediation Effect in Cadmium‐Contaminated Soil: A Score Approach Based on Entropy Indexes
Authors: Zhao Haodong , Du Liyu , An Tingting , Wu Yan , Zhao Yuhao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA highly effective, economical, and replicable way is imperative to remediate Cadmium (Cd)‐polluted soil. Shell powder is sometimes used to remediate soil contaminated with potentially toxic metals. However, information is limited regarding shell powder assessment. Shell powder is thermally modified at 400, 600, and 800 °C and is added to Cd‐polluted soil for 50 days. The repair effects of shell powder on Cd‐polluted soil are investigated. Compared with the control, the addition of shell powder passivator reduces the content of exchangeable Cd in the soil and converts the exchangeable fraction into other unavailable fractions, especially carbonate‐bound Cd. On average, the value of soil pH increases by one to two units after the application of the powder. Shell powder improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Redundancy analysis, entropy method, literature analysis, and theoretical analysis are used for evaluation. Finally, the repair effect score for each treatment group is obtained, and it proves to be a more intuitive method of evaluation. Overall, the results of this study indicate that shell powder is a suitable passivator for the remediation of Cd‐polluted soil. Using a score to express the repair effect is an appropriate evaluation method.
Contribution of Knoevenagel Condensation Products toward the Development of Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review
Authors: Tokala Ramya , Bora Darshana , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKnoevenagel condensation is an entrenched, prevailing, prominent arsenal following greener principles in the generation of α, β‐unsaturated ketones/carboxylic acids by involving carbonyl functionalities and active methylenes. This reaction has proved to be a major driving force in many multicomponent reactions indicating the prolific utility toward the development of biologically fascinating molecules. This eminent reaction was acclimatised on different pharmacophoric aldehydes (benzimidazole, β‐carboline, phenanthrene, indole, imidazothiadiazole, pyrazole etc.) and active methylenes (oxindole, barbituric acid, Meldrum's acid, thiazolidinedione etc.) to generate the library of chemical compounds. Their potential was also explicit to understand the significance of functionalities involved, which thereby evoke further developments in drug discovery. Furthermore, most of these reaction products exhibited remarkable anticancer activity in nanomolar to micromolar ranges by targeting different cancer targets like DNA, microtubules, Topo‐I/II, and kinases (PIM, PARP, NMP, p300/CBP) etc. This review underscores the efficiency of the Knoevenagel condensation explored in the past six‐year to generate molecules of pharmacological interest, predominantly toward cancer. The present review also provides the aspects of structure‐activity relationships, mode of action and docking study with possible interaction with the target protein.
A prediction model for early systemic recurrence in breast cancer using a molecular diagnostic analysis of sentinel lymph nodes: A large‐scale, multicenter cohort study
Authors: Osako Tomo , Matsuura Masaaki , Yotsumoto Daisuke , Takayama Shin , Kaneko Koji , Takahashi Mina , Shimazu Kenzo , Yoshidome Katsuhide , Kuraoka Kazuya , Itakura Masayuki , Tani Mayumi , Ishikawa Takashi , Ohi Yasuyo , Kinoshita Takayuki , Sato Nobuaki , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Nakamura Seigo , Tsuda Hitoshi , Noguchi Shinzaburo , Akiyama Futoshi 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay can quantify the cytokeratin 19 messenger RNA copy number as a proxy for sentinel lymph node (SN) metastasis in breast cancer. A large‐scale, multicenter cohort study was performed to determine the prognostic value of the SN tumor burden based on a molecular readout and to establish a model for the prediction of early systemic recurrence in patients using the OSNA assay.MethodsSN biopsies from 4757 patients with breast cancer were analyzed with the OSNA assay. The patients were randomly assigned to the training or validation cohort at a ratio of 2:1. On the basis of the training cohort, the threshold SN tumor burden value for stratifying distant recurrence was determined with Youden's index; predictors of distant recurrence were investigated via multivariable analyses. Based on the selected predictors, a model for estimating 5‐year distant recurrence–free survival was constructed, and predictive performance was measured with the validation cohort.ResultsThe prognostic cutoff value for the SN tumor burden was 1100 copies/μL. The following variables were significantly associated with distant recurrence and were used to construct the prediction model: SN tumor burden, age, pT classification, grade, progesterone receptor, adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy, and adjuvant anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapy. The values for the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the prediction model were 0.83, 63.4%, 81.7%, and 81.1%, respectively.ConclusionsUsing the OSNA assay, the molecular readout–based SN tumor burden is an independent prognostic factor for early breast cancer. This model accurately predicts early systemic recurrence and may facilitate decision‐making related to treatment.
Reductive Amination of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Bis(aminomethyl)furan over Alumina‐Supported Ni‐Based Catalytic Systems
Authors: Wei Zuojun , Cheng Yuran , Huang Hao , Ma Zhihe , Zhou Kuo , Liu Yingxin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMono‐ and bimetallic Ni‐based catalysts were prepared by screening 6 supports and 14 secondary metals for reductive amination of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) into 2,5‐bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF), among which γ‐Al2O3 and Mn were the best candidates. By further optimization of the reaction conditions at 0.4 g catalyst loading for 0.5 g substrate of 5‐HMF and 160 °C of reaction temperature, 10Ni/γ‐Al2O3 and 10NiMn(4 : 1)/γ‐Al2O3 achieved the highest BAMF yields of 86.3 and 82.1 %, respectively. Although the BAMF yield values were comparable with that over Raney Ni, the turnover frequencies based on the initial BAMF yield and unit weight of Ni for 10NiMn(4 : 1)/γ‐Al2O3, 10Ni/γ‐Al2O3, and Raney Ni were calculated as 0.41, 0.09, and 0.04 h−1, respectively. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the existence of MnOx well dispersed on the γ‐Al2O3 support and its electron transfer effect with Ni particles on the surface of the support contributed to the high efficiency and better recyclability for the five‐time reused 10NiMn(4 : 1)/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst.
Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole Compounds Mediated by a Zinc Precatalyst Supported by an Iminopyrrole‐Morpholine Ligand
Authors: Bano Kulsum , Kisan Devadkar Ajitrao , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThree zinc complexes, with the general formula {κ2‐C4H3NH[2‐CH=NCH2CH2N(CH2CH2)2O]ZnX2} [X=Cl (2 a), Br (2 b), I (2 c)], supported by a neutral iminopyrrole‐morpholine ligand, were synthesized by the reaction between {C4H3NH‐2‐[CH=NCH2CH2N (CH2CH2)2O]} (1) and anhydrous zinc dihalides (ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2) at ambient temperature in dry methanol. The zinc complexes were fully characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques and the molecular structures of complexes 2 a and 2 c in their solid states were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The zinc diiodo complex (2 c) proved to be a competent precatalyst in the formation of a wide range of benzimidazole and benzothiazole compounds, via aerobic oxidative condensation of several benzylamines with o‐phenylenediamine, N‐phenyl‐o‐phenylene‐diamine, and o‐mercaptoaniline. The benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives were successfully characterized using 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy.
Composition, nutritional value, and uses of Ricinodendron heudelotii, Vitex doniana, and Cleome gynandra seed oil, three indigenous oil species sources of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids: A review
Authors: Adome Nadjidath Founmilayo , Chadare Flora Josiane , Honfo Fernande , Hounhouigan Djidjoho Joseph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRicinodendron heudelotii, Vitex doniana, and Cleome gynandra are three indigenous species of Benin/West Africa. This review focuses on the physicochemical characteristics of their seeds and the nutritional and functional properties of their oils. In this systematic review, scientific articles and reports were used to collect information. The minima, maxima, and mean values were considered and converted into a dry basis and/or the same units by using the international system of units when needed to allow comparison. Seeds of Ricinodendron, Vitex and Cleome fat contents were 51.83 g/100 g dw, 28.55 g/100 g dw and 27.35 g/100 g dw, respectively. The three seed oils contained 58.54% to 87% mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Ricinodendron seed oil contained a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid α‐eleostearic acid (49.3%–51.1%). Data varied from one author to another due to the methods used. R. heudelotii seeds oil is traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases. Its oil showed phytochemical and antimicrobial properties suggesting its possible use in pharmaceutical industries. Ricinodendron and Vitex seed oil should not be used for cooking at high temperatures or frying because of their high and medium levels of unsaturation.
Biology of IDH mutant cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Meng‐Ju , Shi Lei , Merritt Joshua , Zhu Andrew X. , Bardeesy Nabeel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain‐of‐function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R‐2‐hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes that regulate epigenetics, DNA repair, metabolism, and other processes. Among epithelial malignancies, IDH mutations are particularly common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH (mIDH) 1 delays progression of mIDH1 iCCA, indicating a role for this oncogene in tumor maintenance. However, not all patients receive clinical benefit, and those who do typically show stable disease rather than significant tumor regressions. The elucidation of the oncogenic functions of mIDH is needed to inform strategies that can more effectively harness mIDH as a therapeutic target. This review will discuss the biology of mIDH iCCA, including roles of mIDH in blocking cell differentiation programs and suppressing antitumor immunity, and the potential relevance of these effects to mIDH1‐targeted therapy. We also cover opportunities for synthetic lethal therapeutic interactions that harness the altered cell state provoked by mIDH1 rather than inhibiting the mutant enzyme. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the biology of this fascinating and incompletely understood oncogene.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most common indication for liver transplantation among the elderly: Data from the United States Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients
Authors: Stepanova Maria , Kabbara Khaled , Mohess Denise , Verma Manisha , Roche‐Green Alva , AlQahtani Saleh , Ong Janus , Burra Patrizia , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As the US population ages, more elderly patients may need liver transplantation. Our aim was to assess recent trends among elderly individuals requiring liver transplant in the United States. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data (2002–2020) were used to select elderly (≥65 years) liver transplant candidates and assess on‐list and posttransplant outcomes. During the study period, 31,209 liver transplant candidates ≥65 years were wait listed. Common etiologies included nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; 31%), hepatitis C (23%), and alcoholic liver disease (18%); 30% also had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Over time, the proportion of patients ≥65 years among all adult liver transplant candidates increased from 9% (2002–2005) to 23% (2018–2020) (trend, p < 0.0001). The proportion of NASH among elderly candidates increased from 13% (2002–2005) to 39% (2018–2020). Of the elderly candidates, 54% eventually received transplants. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of a higher chance of receiving a transplant for the elderly included more recent years of listing, male sex, higher Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and HCC (all p < 0.01). Posttransplant mortality in elderly transplant recipients was higher than in younger patients but continued to decrease over time. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of higher posttransplant mortality for elderly transplant recipients were earlier years of transplantation, older age, male sex, higher MELD score, history of diabetes, retransplantation, and having HCC (all p < 0.01). The proportion of elderly patients in need of liver transplantation in the United States is sharply increasing. NASH is the most common indication for liver transplantation among the elderly. The outcomes of these patients have been improving in the past 2 decades.
Addressing childhood obesity in Queensland: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Worker perspectives and practices
Authors: Vincze Lisa , Boswell Megan , Atkins Heidi , Littlewood Robyn , Williams Lauren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedObesity disproportionately impacts Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children compared to non‐Indigenous children. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers (AHWs) in Queensland support the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. However, little is known about their perspectives and practices on addressing childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate AHW perspectives and clinical practice behaviours with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and their families.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional mixed‐methods approach, a purpose‐developed online survey (25 items) was distributed to the AHW workforce in Queensland (~100 AHWs). The survey explored [1] role characteristics, [2] current attitudes and beliefs about childhood obesity, [3] barriers to discussing weight management, [4] clinical practice behaviours and [5] demographic characteristics. Eight AHWs responding to the survey also participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews to discuss their survey responses.ResultsFifty‐five AHWs responded and 45 completed the survey. While the majority of respondents (91%) agreed that addressing childhood obesity was an important part of their role, fewer (67%) agreed that obesity was an issue in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Over half (55%) found it difficult to discuss overweight and obesity with children and families and only 22.5% reported measuring height and weight often. Key themes included a willingness to address childhood obesity, with experience and training being key enablers to discussing the issue. There was a perceived lack of culturally appropriate programs to support AHWs working with families.ConclusionsAHWs report a willingness to address childhood obesity within their roles, however many find it difficult to raise the issue with families, with even fewer routinely undertaking obesity assessment practices.So what?These findings could inform training initiatives for AHWs to optimise screening, identification, referral, and treatment of childhood obesity in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.