bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil qualities and change rules of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla plantation with different slash disposals
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Zongfu , Wu Qinzhan , Huang Kangting , Wen Jianke , Li Hui , Zhu Lingyue , Tang Yabin , Chen Lijun , Wu Lichao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSlash disposal changes soil quality by affecting soil properties and nutrient cycling, and the appropriate disposal approaches remain controversial. This work aimed to explore the impact of different slash disposal methods on soil qualities. For this purpose, a Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla plantation that had been cultivated in 2002 and felled for the third time in 2016 was established in Hezhou City, China. Burning forest (BF, for moderate intensity fire) and no-burning forest (NF) were set in the plantation, and the native evergreen broadleaf forest near the plantation was used as the control (CK). Soils were sampled quarterly in 2017, and 27 indicators that represent soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were analyzed and compared through the analysis of the sustainability index (SI), which adopts five indices to calculate soil quality. The obtained data showed that the indicators of BF and NF, except for the total potassium content, were much lower than those of CK. The physical properties (Max-WHC, CWHC, Min-WHC, MMC, CPD, TPD) of NF were significantly better (29.07%, 30.98%, 29.61%, 52.08%, 21.89%, 19.76%) than those of BF, unlike the chemical properties of BF (SOM, TN, ACa, AFe, AMn, ACu, AZn) were significantly better than those of NF (45.61%, 81.33%, 12.78%, 23.18%, 96.13%, 144.30%, 114.04%). The enzymatic activities of NF (URE, APHO) were significantly better (43.33%, 156.58%)than those of BF, except the activities of INV (− 25.21%). Results of SI showed that the soil quality of CK was much better than that of BF, and NF the worst. But it exhibited the most unevenness of CK, followed by NF, and BF the best. The change rules of BF and NF were contrasting, and soil quality reached the same level after half a year. In summary, the soil qualities, either BF or CK, were not comparable to that of CK. BF increased the soil quality fleetly and transiently, and NF was sustainable for the eucalyptus plantation.
Self-extracted corn-stalk cellulose/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Lou Chunhua , Jiang Siyu , Yan An , Zhou Yongli , Liu Yang , Zhang Yong , Kong Xianzhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn order to make full use of crop waste stalk, corn-stalk cellulose (CSC) was extracted by acid–base method and used as modifier of epoxy resin (E51) to prepare the self-extracted corn-stalk cellulose/epoxy resin composites (CSCEC). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), morphology analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the mechanical properties by electronic universal testing machine and impact testing machine were used for characterization and analysis. The experimental results showed that when the CSC content was 20 wt%, the impact strength of the composite was 2.50 kJ/m2, which was 127.2% higher than that of pure epoxy resin. When the CSC content was 20 wt%, the Tg of epoxy resin obtained by DMA was the lowest, 167.4 °C, which decreased by 11.3 °C compared with that of pure epoxy resin. The SEM result showed that the fracture surface of the composite became obviously rough and had of obvious folds, which was a ductile fracture. These results indicated that the addition of CSC could toughen the epoxy resin.
Methane emissions from agricultural ponds are underestimated in national greenhouse gas inventories
Authors: Malerba Martino E. , de Kluyver Tertius , Wright Nicholas , Schuster Lukas , Macreadie Peter I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAgricultural ponds have some of the highest methane emissions per area among freshwater systems, and these anthropogenic emissions should be included in national greenhouse gas inventories. Here we deliver a continental-scale assessment of methane emissions from agricultural ponds in the United States and Australia. We source maps of agricultural ponds, compile a meta-analysis for their emissions and use published data to correct for temperature and the relative contributions of two methane fluxes (diffusion and ebullition). In the United States, 2.56 million agricultural ponds cover 420.9 kha and emit about 95.8 kt year−1 of methane. In Australia, 1.76 million agricultural ponds cover 291.2 kha and emit about 75.1 kt year−1 of methane. Despite large uncertainties, our findings suggest that small water bodies emit twice as much methane than is currently accounted for in national inventories. Managing these systems can reduce these emissions while benefiting productivity, ecosystem services, and biodiversity.
Seeing the complete picture: proteins in top-down mass spectrometry
Authors: Habeck Tanja , Lermyte Frederik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Top-down protein mass spectrometry can provide unique insights into protein sequence and structure, including precise proteoform identification and study of protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions. In contrast with the commonly applied bottom-up approach, top-down approaches do not include digestion of the protein of interest into small peptides, but instead rely on the ionization and subsequent fragmentation of intact proteins. As such, it is fundamentally the only way to fully characterize the composition of a proteoform. Here, we provide an overview of how a top-down protein mass spectrometry experiment is performed and point out recent applications from the literature to the reader. While some parts of the top-down workflow are broadly applicable, different research questions are best addressed with specific experimental designs. The most important divide is between studies that prioritize sequence information (i.e., proteoform identification) versus structural information (e.g., conformational studies, or mapping protein–protein or protein–ligand interactions). Another important consideration is whether to work under native or denaturing solution conditions, and the overall complexity of the sample also needs to be taken into account, as it determines whether (chromatographic) separation is required prior to MS analysis. In this review, we aim to provide enough information to support both newcomers and more experienced readers in the decision process of how to answer a potential research question most efficiently and to provide an overview of the methods that exist to answer these questions.
Microbial xylanolytic carbohydrate esterases
Authors: Puchart Vladimír , Biely Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article reviews microbial esterases participating in the degradation of the major plant hemicellulose, xylan. The main chain of this polysaccharide built of β-1,4-glycosidically linked xylopyranosyl residues is substituted by other sugars and also partially acetylated. Besides esters of acetic acid, there are two other types of ester linkages in plant xylans. L-Arabinofuranosyl side chains form esters with phenolic acids, predominantly with ferulic acid. The dimerization of ferulic acid residues leads to cross-links connecting the hemicellulose molecules. Ferulic acid cross-links were shown to serve as covalent linkage between lignin and hemicellulose. Another cross-linking between lignin and hemicellulose is provided by esters between the xylan side residues of glucuronic or 4-O-methyl-D-glucurononic acid and lignin alcohols. Regardless of the cross-linking, the side residues prevent xylan main chains from association that leads to crystallization similar to that of cellulose. Simultaneously, xylan decorations hamper the action of enzymes acting on the main chain. The enzymatic breakdown of plant xylan, therefore, requires a concerted action of glycanases attacking the main chain and enzymes catalyzing debranching, called accessory xylanolytic enzymes including xylanolytic esterases. While acetylxylan esterases and feruloyl esterases participate directly in xylan degradation, glucuronoyl esterases catalyze its separation from lignin. The current state of knowledge of diversity, classification and structure–function relationship of these three types of xylanolytic carbohydrate esterases is discussed with emphasis on important aspects of their future research relevant to their industrial applications.
A special issue of Essays in Biochemistry on evolutionary developmental biology
Authors: McGregor Alistair P. , Buffry Alexandra D. , Vroomans Renske M.A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evolutionary developmental biology (or evo devo) is a broad field that aims to understand how developmental processes evolve and how this underpins phenotypic change and organismal diversification. This encompasses a need to understand theoretical concepts in evolutionary biology and how tissues, cells, genes, proteins and regulatory elements function and evolve. The articles in this special issue review key topics in the field of evo devo including advances in theory and methodology as well as our latest knowledge about molecular, cellular and organismal functionality and diversification.
Big Data Technology Fusion Back Propagation Neural Network in Product Innovation Design Method
Authors: Li Ren , Zeng Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of science and technology, the big data market has emerged. In addition to the influence of the modern market environment, more and more enterprises pursue great profits, which requires enterprises to have higher standards for their products. Therefore, product innovation is an inevitable trend. However, product innovation is a comprehensive problem, involving a wide range. Both the characteristics of the product and the consumer should be taken into account. In the design method, it is necessary to pay attention to the interrelation with big data. Firstly, the theory of big data technology is expounded, including the framework and the principle of big data technology, and the classification of data analysis. Secondly, this research explains the process and method of product design, as well as the market‐based research process, and proposes the route of using big data technology for product innovation. Finally, the Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context (MS‐COCO) data set is taken as the research object, and ten groups of data are selected. Through the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model and neural style transfer (NTS) model, the results of the product innovation design method of big data technology are predicted. Two experiments were carried out, namely, the comparison analysis of the prediction accuracy of BPNN and NTS model; the error analysis of BPNN prediction and NTS model, and the final quality assessment of the two products. The final results reveal that: (1) the prediction accuracy of the BPNN is around 95.71%, and the prediction accuracy of the NTS model is about 85.7%. Therefore, the prediction accuracy of the BPNN is obviously higher than that of the NTS model in the product innovation design method. (2) The mean absolute error (MAE) of the prediction of the BPNN model is about 0.08, and the MAE of the prediction of the NTS model is about 0.11. Thus, the error of the BPNN model in the product innovation design method for product prediction is small. Furthermore, based on the BPNN model, the quality assessment of the two products is finally carried out, and the error rate is 0.11% and 0.12% respectively, which is very small. Thereby, the BPNN model has higher accuracy in predicting the product innovation design methods. The big data technology studied here is of great significance to the product innovation design method and has certain research significance for the intelligent and systematic design of products. Combined with the BPNN model, the accuracy of the prediction ability of product innovation can be guaranteed to a certain extent.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The cerium content of the Milky Way as revealed by Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec abundances
Authors: Contursi G. , de Laverny P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Spitoni E. , Palicio P. A. , Poggio E. , Grisoni V. , Cescutti G. , Matteucci F. , Spina L. , Álvarez M. A. , Kordopatis G. , Ordenovic C. , Oreshina-Slezak I. , Zhao H. 
Published: December 2022

Context. The recent Gaia third data release contains a homogeneous analysis of millions of high-quality Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) stellar spectra by the GSP-Spec module. This led to the estimation of millions of individual chemical abundances and allows us to chemically map the Milky Way. The published GSP-Spec abundances include three heavy elements produced by neutron-captures in stellar interiors: Ce, Zr, and Nd.
Aims. We study the Galactic content in cerium based on these Gaia/RVS data and discuss the chemical evolution of this element.
Methods. We used a sample of about 30 000 local thermal equilibrium Ce abundances, selected after applying different combinations of GSP-Spec flags. Based on the Gaia DR3 astrometric data and radial velocities, we explore the cerium content in the Milky Way and, in particular, in its halo and disc components.
Results. The high quality of the Ce GSP-Spec abundances is quantified through literature comparisons. We found a rather flat [Ce/Fe] versus [M/H] trend. We also found a flat radial gradient in the disc derived from field stars and, independently, from about 50 open clusters. This agrees with previous studies. The [Ce/Fe] vertical gradient was also estimated. We also report an increasing [Ce/Ca] versus [Ca/H] in the disc, illustrating the late contribution of asymptotic giant branch stars with respect to supernovae of type II. Our cerium abundances in the disc, including the young massive population, are well reproduced by a new three-infall chemical evolution model. In the halo population, the M 4 globular cluster is found to be enriched in cerium. Moreover, 11 stars with cerium abundances belonging to the Thamnos, Helmi Stream, and Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus accreted systems were identified from chemo-dynamical diagnostics. We found that the Helmi Stream might be slightly underabundant in cerium compared to the two other systems.
Conclusions. This work illustrates the high quality of the GSP-Spec chemical abundances, which significantly contribute to unveiling the heavy-element evolution history of the Milky Way.
High-energy particle enhancements in the solar wind upstream Mercury during the first BepiColombo flyby: SERENA/PICAM and MPO-MAG observations
Authors: Alberti T. , Sun W. , Varsani A. , Heyner D. , Orsini S. , Milillo A. , Slavin J. A. , Raines J. M. , Aronica A. , Auster H.-U. , Barabash S. , De Angelis E. , Dandouras I. , Jarvinen R. , Jeszenszky H. , Kallio E. , Kazakov A. , Laky G. , Livi S. , Mangano V. , Massetti S. , Moroni M. , Mura A. , Noschese R. , Plainaki C. , Plaschke F. , Richter I. , Rispoli R. , Sordini R. , Wurz P. 
Published: December 2022

Context. The first BepiColombo Mercury flyby offered the unique opportunity to simultaneously characterize the plasma and the magnetic field properties of the solar wind in the vicinity of the innermost planet of the Solar System (0.4 AU).
Aims. In this study, we use plasma observations by SERENA/PICAM and magnetic field measurements by MPO-MAG to characterize the source with intermittent features (with a timescale of a few minutes) at ion energies above 1 keV observed in the solar wind upstream of Mercury.
Methods. The solar wind properties have been investigated by means of low-resolution magnetic field (1 s) and plasma (64 s) data. The minimum variance analysis and the Lundquist force-free model have been used.
Results. The combined analyses demonstrate that the intermittent ion features observed by PICAM at energies above 1 keV can be associated with the passage of an interplanetary magnetic flux rope. We also validate our findings by means of Solar Orbiter observations at a larger distance (0.6 AU).
Conclusions. The core of an interplanetary magnetic flux rope, hitting BepiColombo during its first Mercury flyby, produced high-energy (> -pagination1 keV) intermittent-like particle acceleration clearly distinct from the background solar wind, while at the edges of this interplanetary structure compressional low-energy fluctuations have also been observed.
Exploring the evolution of the particle distribution and the cascade in a moving, expanding emission region in blazar jets
Authors: Zacharias Michael 
Published: December 2022

Aims. Models built to explain blazar flares display a broad variety of results. In this work, we study the flare profile induced by a moving and expanding blob, with a special emphasis on γ − γ pair production.
Methods. We first developed a simple semi-analytical model to study the evolution of the particle distribution in the expanding blob and show the influence of the pair production. In a second step, we produced a realistic simulation using the OneHaLe code based upon the parameters of PKS 1510−089.
Results. The applied semi-analytical model shows that the pair production significantly influences the flare evolution, while the opening angle and the expansion can prolong flares considerably. The simulation based on PKS 1510−089 indicates that flares of a moving, expanding blob result in strongly wavelength-dependent light curves that may include delayed, secondary flares.
Conclusions. A moving, expanding blob can cause significant flaring events, with a broad variety in terms of the light curve profiles. High-cadence multiwavelength observations are necessary for deriving the details behind the cause of the flare. Extended observations beyond the initial burst may provide important information on the opening angle and the particle content attributed to delayed secondary flares in some energy bands.
On the influence of the nozzle exhaust initial conditions on the near field acoustic pressure
Authors: Camussi Roberto , Meloni Stefano , Bogey Christophe 
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the acoustic pressure generated in the near field of a single stream cold jet is investigated. The analysis is focused on the effect of the initial conditions at the nozzle exit parametrized by considering two different turbulence levels and two different boundary layer thicknesses. The study has been performed by processing a numerical database obtained by large-eddy simulations (LES) of a jet flow at M = 0.9 and Re = 105. Pressure time series are obtained from pointwise virtual probes located in several radial and axial positions in the jet near-field. The acoustic pressure is extracted by the application of a consolidated wavelet-based procedure and the achieved acoustic signals are analyzed in terms of global quantities as well as by computing wavelet-reconstructed Fourier spectra. The results show that both the boundary-layer thickness and the turbulence level significantly affect the acoustic pressure in terms of its intensity and directivity whereas the distribution of energy in the frequency domain depends appreciably, only on the boundary-layer thickness.
Wavelength-switchable L-band fiber laser assisted by random reflectors
Authors: Perez-Herrera R.A. , Roldan-Varona P. , Sanchez-Gonzalez A. , Rodriguez-Cobo L. , Lopez-Higuera J.M. , Lopez-Amo M. 
Published: December 2022

A wavelength-switchable L-band erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) assisted by an artificially controlled backscattering (ACB) fiber reflector is here presented. This random reflector was inscribed by femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing on the axial axis of a multimode fiber with 50 μm core and 125 μm cladding with a length of 17 mm. This microstructure was placed inside a surgical syringe to be positioned in the center of a high-precision rotation mount to accurately control its angle of rotation. Only by rotating this mount, three different output spectra were obtained: a single wavelength lasing centered at 1574.75 nm, a dual wavelength lasing centered at 1574.75 nm and 1575.75 nm, and a single wavelength lasing centered at 1575.5 nm. All of them showed an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of around 60 dB when pumped at 300 mW.
Antikoagulation bei Thrombose und Lungenembolie
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel werden aktuelle Evidenz und Leitlinienempfehlungen zur Antikoagulation (AK) bei tiefer Venenthrombose (TVT) und Lungenembolie (LE) zusammengefasst. Bei LE leitet die
Stratifizierung bezüglich Frühletalität das weitere Management. Die Messung von Laktat kann hierfür hilfreich sein. Die initiale AK erfolgt intensiviert entweder parenteral oder mit erhöhter
Dosis von Apixaban oder Rivaroxaban. Alle Patienten sollten eine Erhaltungstherapie von 3 – 6 Monaten erhalten, da bei AK unter 3 Monaten ein hohes Rezidivrisiko besteht. Die Dauer der
anschließenden Sekundärprophylaxe richtet sich nach dem mutmaßlichen VTE-Rezidivrisiko einerseits und dem Blutungsrisiko andererseits. Bei Adipositas bis 150 kg werden Standarddosen von
Rivaroxaban und Apixaban als geeignet vorgeschlagen. Bei der krebsassoziierten Thromboembolie wird die bisherige Leitlinienempfehlung für niedermolekulare Heparine (NMH) über 3 – 6 Monate
ergänzt durch die Empfehlung für Xa-Inhibitoren, allerdings mit Vorsicht bei gastrointestinalen und urothelialen Tumoren oder erwarteten Wechselwirkungen. Hier und in instabilen Phasen wird
NMH bevorzugt.
Antithrombotische Therapie bei pAVK und Aortenerkrankungen
Authors: Espinola-Klein Christine 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) oder Aortenerkrankungen haben ein hohes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse. Gerinnungshemmende Medikamente verbessern die
Prognose und haben daher einen hohen Stellenwert. Bei jeder gerinnungshemmenden Therapie sollte das individuelle Blutungsrisiko berücksichtigt werden und eine individuelle
Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung durchgeführt werden. Patienten mit symptomatischer pAVK sollten einen Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer (TZAH) erhalten. Bei hohem Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse
und niedrigem Blutungsrisiko wird die Kombination von Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) 100 mg und Rivaroxaban 2 × 2,5 mg empfohlen. Liegt ein hohes Blutungsrisiko vor, ist Clopidogrel ASS
vorzuziehen. Bei Patienten mit Aortenerkrankungen (z. B. komplexe Plaques, Aortenaneurysma) ist die Gabe eines TZAH indiziert. Patienten mit einer atherosklerotischen Gefäßerkrankung und
Indikation für eine orale Antikoagulation wegen Vorhofflimmern oder venöser Thromboembolie sollten keinen zusätzlichen TZAH erhalten. Denn dieser erhöht das Blutungsrisiko, ohne die Prognose
zu verbessern.