bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 26 weeks of treatment with empagliflozin versus glimepiride on the myocardial glucose metabolic rate in patients with type 2 diabetes: The randomized, open‐label, crossover, active‐comparator FIORE trial
Authors: Succurro Elena , Vizza Patrizia , Papa Annalisa , Miceli Sofia , Cicone Francesco , Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Veltri Pierangelo , Cascini Giuseppe Lucio , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo determine whether treatment with empagliflozin was able to affect the myocardial glucose metabolic rate, as assessed by cardiac dynamic 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET) combined with euglycaemic‐hyperinsulinaemic clamp compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsTo further investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, we performed a 26‐week, randomized, open‐label, crossover, active‐comparator study to determine the effects of empagliflozin 10 mg versus glimepiride 2 mg daily on the myocardial glucose metabolic rate assessed by cardiac dynamic 18F‐FDG‐PET combined with euglycaemic‐hyperinsulinaemic clamp in 23 patients with type 2 diabetes. We also measured cardiac geometry and myocardial mechano‐energetic efficiency, as well as systolic and diastolic function by echocardiography.ResultsCompared with glimepiride, treatment with empagliflozin resulted in a greater reduction in the myocardial glucose metabolic rate from baseline to 26 weeks (adjusted difference −6.07 [−8.59, −3.55] μmol/min/100 g; P < .0001). Moreover, compared with glimepiride, empagliflozin led to significant reductions in left atrial diameter, left ventricular end‐systolic and end‐diastolic volumes, N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide levels, blood pressure, heart rate, stroke work, and myocardial oxygen consumption estimated by the rate pressure product, and increases in ejection fraction, myocardial mechano‐energetic efficiency, red blood cells, and haematocrit and haemoglobin levels.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence that empagliflozin treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes without coronary artery disease leads to a significant reduction in the myocardial glucose metabolic rate.
Imagining oneself being someone else
Authors: Fernández Jordi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSometimes, one can imagine, in virtue of having some experience, that one is someone else having some property. This is puzzling if imagination is a guide to possibility, since it seems impossible for one to be someone else. In this paper, I offer a way of dissolving the puzzle. When one claims that, by having some experience, one imagines that one is someone else having some property, what one imagines, I suggest, is that if the other person had the property in question, then having it would be, for them, like having the relevant experience is for one. I discuss two alternative views about the content of these episodes of imagination, and argue that both of them are too weak and too strong. The proposed view avoids the two difficulties while preserving some intuitions about the phenomenology and the epistemology of imagination which are captured by the alternative views.
Risdiplam in types 2 and 3 spinal muscular atrophy: A randomised, placebo‐controlled, dose‐finding trial followed by 24 months of treatment
Authors: Mercuri Eugenio , Baranello Giovanni , Boespflug‐Tanguy Odile , De Waele Liesbeth , Goemans Nathalie , Kirschner Janbernd , Masson Riccardo , Mazzone Elena S. , Pechmann Astrid , Pera Maria Carmela , Vuillerot Carole , Bader‐Weder Silvia , Gerber Marianne , Gorni Ksenija , Hoffart Janine , Kletzl Heidemarie , Martin Carmen , McIver Tammy , Scalco Renata S. , Yeung Wai Yin , Servais Laurent ,   SUNFISH Working Group
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein due to deletions and/or mutations in the SMN1 gene. Risdiplam is an orally administered molecule that modifies SMN2 pre‐mRNA splicing to increase functional SMN protein.MethodsSUNFISH Part 1 was a dose‐finding study conducted in 51 individuals with types 2 and 3 SMA aged 2–25 years. A dose‐escalation method was used to identify the appropriate dose for the subsequent pivotal Part 2. Individuals were randomized (2:1) to risdiplam or placebo at escalating dose levels for a minimum 12‐week, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled period, followed by treatment for 24 months. The dose selection for Part 2 was based on safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic data. Exploratory efficacy was also measured.ResultsThere was no difference in safety findings for all assessed dose levels. A dose‐dependent increase in blood SMN protein was observed; a median twofold increase was obtained within 4 weeks of treatment initiation at the highest dose level. The increase in SMN protein was sustained over 24 months of treatment. Exploratory efficacy showed improvement or stabilization in motor function. The pivotal dose selected for Part 2 was 5 mg for patients with a body weight ≥20 kg or 0.25 mg/kg for patients with a body weight <20 kg.ConclusionsSUNFISH Part 1 demonstrated a twofold increase in SMN protein after treatment with risdiplam. The observed safety profile supported the initiation of the pivotal Part 2 study. The long‐term efficacy and safety of risdiplam are being assessed with ongoing treatment.
A phylogenetic study to assess the link between biome specialization and diversification in swallowtail butterflies
Authors: Gamboa Sara , Condamine Fabien L. , Cantalapiedra Juan L. , Varela Sara , Pelegrín Jonathan S. , Menéndez Iris , Blanco Fernando , Hernández Fernández Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe resource‐use hypothesis, proposed by E.S. Vrba, states that habitat fragmentation caused by climatic oscillations would affect particularly biome specialists (species inhabiting only one biome), which might show higher speciation and extinction rates than biome generalists. If true, lineages would accumulate biome‐specialist species. This effect would be particularly exacerbated for biomes located at the periphery of the global climatic conditions, namely, biomes that have high/low precipitation and high/low temperature such as rainforest (warm‐humid), desert (warm‐dry), steppe (cold‐dry) and tundra (cold‐humid). Here, we test these hypotheses in swallowtail butterflies, a clade with more than 570 species, covering all the continents but Antarctica, and all climatic conditions. Swallowtail butterflies are among the most studied insects, and they are a model group for evolutionary biology and ecology studies. Continental macroecological rules are normally tested using vertebrates, this means that there are fewer examples exploring terrestrial invertebrate patterns at global scale. Here, we compiled a large Geographic Information System database on swallowtail butterflies' distribution maps and used the most complete time‐calibrated phylogeny to quantify diversification rates (DRs). In this paper, we aim to answer the following questions: (1) Are there more biome‐specialist swallowtail butterflies than biome generalists? (2) Is DR related to biome specialization? (3) If so, do swallowtail butterflies inhabiting extreme biomes show higher DRs? (4) What is the effect of species distribution area? Our results showed that swallowtail family presents a great number of biome specialists which showed substantially higher DRs compared to generalists. We also found that biome specialists are unevenly distributed across biomes. Overall, our results are consistent with the resource‐use hypothesis, species climatic niche and biome fragmentation as key factors promoting isolation.
Effect of plasma oxynitriding temperature on wear and corrosion resistance of the AISI 4140 steel
Authors: Park Hyunjun , Lee Junho , Kim Cheolwoo , Moon Kyoungil , Kim Sangsub , Mhin Sungwook 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work presents the effect of oxynitriding process at different temperature on the corrosion resistance and wear behavior of the quenching‐and‐tempering‐treated AISI 4140 steel. The AISI 4140 was plasma nitrided at 500°C. Subsequently, the plasma oxynitriding was performed on the nitrided AISI 4140 at different temperatures under H2O atmosphere. Microstructure and phases of the plasma‐oxynitrided samples are investigated, indicating that phase formation of the oxide layer is strongly dependent on processing temperature during plasma oxynitriding: Formation of Fe3O4 is preferred over Fe2O3 at lower processing temperature. Also, it is believed that ε‐Fe2–3N phase formed by nitriding process plays an important role to promote the formation of Fe3O4 phase during plasma oxynitriding. In order to investigate the mechanical, wear, and corrosion properties of the plasma‐oxynitrided samples, Vickers hardness, friction coefficient, and potentiodynamic curves are evaluated, respectively. Compared to a plasma‐nitrided sample, the Vickers hardness of the plasma‐oxynitrided sample at optimal processing temperature shows a slight decrease of the hardness, but, improved wear and corrosion resistances were observed. It is suggested that wear and corrosion resistance of the oxynitrided sample is strongly dependent on the volume fraction of Fe3O4 phase in the oxide layer.
Rheological evaluation of wheat dough treated with ozone and ambient air during kneading and dough formation
Authors: Moll Sarah , Zettel Viktoria , Delgado Antonio , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study is to compare the application of ozone with that of air during the dough kneading process. Experiments were performed on doughs made from two wheat flours of different protein contents by changing the treatment time and oxidative gas. All samples were analyzed by Farinograph, oscillatory rheometer, and dough extensibility test. Farinograph measurements showed that water absorption capacity by ozone treatment during kneading was increased by 1.8% and 2.6%, and dough development time was 47% and 37% higher than of untreated doughs made of lower and higher quality wheat flour, respectively. Dough softening was reduced by 30% and 42% by air. Ozone treatment slightly decreased the dough stability of doughs made from higher quality flour and increased dough softening for both. Ozone treatment increased the force required to break the dough strand after 5 min by 42% and 23% for samples of lower and higher quality wheat flour, respectively. The extensibility of the dough behaved inversely. The frequency sweep test showed an increase in G′ and G″.
Misalignment among adolescents living with obesity, caregivers, and healthcare professionals: ACTION Teens global survey study
Authors: Halford Jason C. G. , Bereket Abdullah , Bin‐Abbas Bassam , Chen Walter , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Garibay Nieto Nayely , López Siguero Juan Pedro , Maffeis Claudio , Mooney Vicki , Osorto Cynthia Karenina , Reynoso Ricardo , Rhie Young‐Jun , Toro‐Ramos Martín , Baur Louise A. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundThere is limited evidence regarding the experiences, challenges, and needs of adolescents living with obesity (ALwO), their caregivers, and healthcare professionals (HCPs).ObjectivesThe cross‐sectional, survey‐based global ACTION Teens study aimed to identify perceptions, attitudes, behaviours, and barriers to effective obesity care among ALwO, caregivers of ALwO, and HCPs.MethodsALwO (aged 12 to <18 years; N = 5275), caregivers (N = 5389), and HCPs treating ALwO (N = 2323) from 10 countries completed an online survey (August–December 2021).ResultsMost ALwO perceived their weight as above normal (76% vs. 66% of caregivers), were worried about its impact on their health (85% vs. 80% of caregivers), and recently made a weight loss attempt (58%). While 45% of caregivers believed ALwO would slim down with age, only 24% of HCPs agreed. Most commonly reported weight loss motivators for ALwO were wanting to be more fit/in better shape according to ALwO (40%) and caregivers (32%), and improved confidence/social life according to HCPs (69%). ALwO weight loss barriers included lack of hunger control (most commonly reported by ALwO/caregivers), lack of motivation, unhealthy eating habits (most commonly agreed by HCPs), and lack of exercise.ConclusionsMisalignment between ALwO, caregivers, and HCPs—including caregivers' underestimation of the impact of obesity on ALwO and HCPs' misperception of key motivators/barriers for weight loss—suggests a need for improved communication and education.
Does nursing have a contribution to make to the silver economy?
Authors: Watson Roger , Hayter Mark , Zanini Milko , Aleo Giuseppe , Catania Gianluca , Sasso Loredana , Bagnasco Annamaria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo discuss the possible contribution of nurses to the Silver Economy.BackgroundOlder people constitute a growing sector of the population of developed countries and there is increasing interest in the concept of the Silver Economy which is the contribution older people can and do make to the general economies of their communities and countries.Sources of evidenceWe obtained a range of relevant documents from international organisations and related academic literature.DiscussionThere is a range of interrelated health promotion aspects of ageing related to physical health, mental health and cognitive health. Promoting activities related to these could have both direct and indirect impact on the economy in addition to improving the health and well‐being of older people.ConclusionsNurses have a responsibility to understand the health promotion related aspects of ageing and the contribution they can make to improving the health and well‐being of older people. Nurses could, specifically, promote activities amongst older people that will have an impact on health and on the economy.Implications for nursingNurses need to integrate more health promotion related aspects of ageing into their practice and to be able to evaluate the health‐related improvements they make and also to evaluate and indicate the contribution this makes to the health of older people and to the economy.
Selective outcome reporting in paediatric dentistry restorative treatment randomised clinical trials—A meta‐research
Authors: Elagami Rokaia Ahmed , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , da Silva Gabriela Seabra , Braga Mariana Minatel , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Raggio Daniela Prócida 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSelective outcome reporting (SOR) is a bias that occurs when the primary outcome of a randomised clinical trial (RCT) is omitted or changed.AimTo evaluate the prevalence of SOR in RCTs on restorative treatment in primary teeth.DesignWe conducted an electronic search on ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization platform (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) on 1st of April 2021, with no registry time or language restrictions. We included RCT protocols that evaluated restorative treatments in primary teeth and excluded trials that did not have a complete publication in a scientific journal. The chi‐squared test was used to identify the association between SOR and variables as a discrepancy in the follow‐up period, the timing of registration, the type of sponsorship and the type of study design (α = 5%).ResultsOf the 294 identified protocols, 30 were included in the study. 83.3% of trials were registered retrospectively. SOR was observed in 53.3% (n = 16) of the published trials and was significantly associated with a discrepancy in the follow‐up period (p = .017).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of SOR in RCTs on restorative treatment proves that this is a prominent threat. A proper preregistered protocol, declaration of any protocol deviation and allowance of stakeholders to compare the protocol with that of the submitted papers will achieve transparency.
Surfing the tide: Homeward migration of sea trout (Salmo trutta) in aPatagonian river
Authors: Giese Adriana Carolina , García‐Asorey Martín Ignacio , Casalinuovo Miguel Ángel , Amaya‐Santi María Marcela , Kennedy Brian Patrick , Pascual Miguel Alberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the influence of marine and freshwater conditions on the timing of river entry and upstream migration of sea trout (Salmo trutta) in the Grande River of Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia. We analysed the in‐river catch‐and‐release records from a group of fishing lodges that dominate the Grande River fishery during January–April 2008 (n = 5029 fish) as a function of environmental variables: tidal amplitude, stage in the lunar cycle, river discharge, and river water temperature along the homeward migration season. We discuss the value of the daily catch rate as an abundance index in the Grande river, then analyse the temporal structure of the tidal cycle in the Grande River estuary, a macro‐tidal environment with a mean tidal amplitude of 5.7 m, and analyse the fit of a generalized additive model to trout catches on a daily basis in four sections along the river to identify the environmental variables that may affect trout abundance throughout the homeward migration. Fish catches in each section of the river were differentially affected by specific environmental variables: tidal amplitude had a positive and significant effect on catches in the lower river sections, whereas water temperature and river discharge significantly affected catches in upper sections (positive effect of temperature; negative effect of discharge). Catches in the lower section clearly reflect the river entry stage of the homeward migration, with a bi‐modal shape significantly correlated with the tidal cycle. The first peak was composed mainly of larger multi‐sea‐winter trout that move upstream, whereas the second one had a wider range of fish lengths, including a large proportion of small and maybe nonreproductive trout that overwinter in the lower river. Based on our results, we conclude that the large tides in the Grande River estuary strongly affect the river entry timing of sea trout. The underlying mechanisms of this effect may be a combination of increased olfactory recognition and increased tidal transport modulated by the seasonal tidal cycle, which operates on trout during coastal migration to produce the pulses observed in the Grande River sea trout run. In the middle and upper sections of the river, where the tidal effect at river entry was dissipated as upstream migration progressed, trout catches increased with water temperature and decreased with river discharge, which may operate through their influence on in‐river migration rate and abundance, but also through changes in catchability.
Effect of low‐dose Piscirickettsia salmonis infection on haematological‐biochemical blood parameters in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Isla Adolfo , Sánchez Patricio , Ruiz Pamela , Albornoz Romina , Pontigo Juan P. , Rauch María Cecilia , Hawes Christopher , Vargas‐Chacoff Luis , Yáñez Alejandro J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPiscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of Piscirickettsiosis, a severe disease that affects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in Chile and many other areas (Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the USA). This study investigated the effects of low‐dose P. salmonis infection (1 × 102 CFU/ml) on Atlantic salmon. In this study, we challenged fish with an isolated representative of the EM‐90 genogroup via intraperitoneal injection for 42 days. Infected fish displayed decreased haematocrit and haemoglobin levels at day 13 post‐infection, indicating erythropenia, haemolysis and haemodilution. Conversely, their white blood cell counts increased on days 13 and 21 post‐infection. Additionally, their iron levels decreased from day 2 post‐infection, indicating iron deficiency and an inability to retrieve stored iron before infection. Their magnesium levels also decreased at day 28 post‐infection, possibly due to osmoregulatory problems. Also, we observed an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity on days 5, 21, and 28 post‐infection, suggesting early symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Later analyses determined a decrease in plasma glucose levels from day 2 post‐infection. This may be attributed to the hypoxic conditions caused by P. salmonis, leading to an excess utilization of stored carbohydrates. Our results suggest that the blood parameters we studied are useful for monitoring the physiological status of Atlantic salmon infected with P. salmonis.
Novel imaging markers for altered cerebrovascular morphology in aging, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Deshpande Aditi , Elliott Jordan , Kari Nitya , Jiang Bin , Michel Patrik , Toosizadeh Nima , Fahadan Pouya Tahsili , Kidwell Chelsea , Wintermark Max , Laksari Kaveh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeAltered brain vasculature is a key phenomenon in several neurologic disorders. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the anatomical variations in the Circle of Willis (CoW) and vascular morphology in healthy aging, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD).MethodsWe used our novel automatic method to segment and extract geometric features of the cerebral vasculature from MR angiography scans of 175 healthy subjects, which were used to create a probabilistic atlas of cerebrovasculature and to study normal aging and intersubject variations in CoW anatomy. Subsequently, we quantified and analyzed vascular alterations in 45AIS and 50 AD patients, two prominent cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.ResultsIn the sampled cohort, we determined that the CoW is fully formed in only 35% of healthy adults and found significantly (p < .05) increased tortuosity and fractality, with increasing age and also with disease in both AIS and AD. We also found significantly lower vessel length, volume, and number of branches in AIS patients, as expected. The AD cerebral vessels exhibited significantly smaller diameter and more complex branching patterns, compared to age‐matched healthy adults. These changes were significantly heightened (p < .05) among healthy, early onset mild AD, and moderate/severe dementia groups.ConclusionAlthough our study does not include longitudinal data due to paucity of such datasets, the specific geometric features and quantitative comparisons demonstrate the potential for using vascular morphology as a noninvasive imaging biomarker for neurologic disorders.