bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analyses of Local Historical and Future Climate Conditions Important for Reindeer Herding in Finnmark, Norway and the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Authors: Hanssen-Bauer Inger , Benestad Rasmus E. , Lutz Julia , Vikhamar-Schuler Dagrun , Svyashchennikov Pavel , Førland Eirik J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Finnmark, average winter (Dec-Jan-Feb) temperatures in the period 1961–1990 were about −5 °C at the coast, slightly lower in the fjords, and typically 10 °C lower inland. In the Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) average winter temperatures were even lower, ranging from −20 to −25 °C. Temperatures are presently increasing in the area, and towards the end of this century, winter temperatures in the YNAO may, under a medium high emission scenario, resemble the previous conditions in the interior of Finnmark, while inland Finnmark may experience conditions that were earlier found along the fjords. The snow season in 1961–1990 typically lasted from 6 to 8 months in Finnmark. Higher temperatures lead to a reduced snow season and model calculations indicate a 3-month reduction along the coast, where it is shortest today, while the inland snow season may be one month shorter towards the end of the century. Along the coast, a 60% reduction in the winter maximum snow amount is projected towards the end of the century. In the interior of Finnmark, considerably smaller changes are projected in maximum snow amounts, as average precipitation is projected to increase, implicating increased snowfall during winter. Maximum snow amounts may even increase slightly at some inland sites. Higher winter temperatures will lead to changes in the snow structure. Compared to herders’ reports, the SNOWPACK model successfully reproduced high-density snow layers during the past decades. To describe future snow structures of relevance for reindeer grazing conditions in Finnmark and YNAO, more detailed climate projections are needed.
Research on Bitcoin Anti-anonymity Technology Based on Behavior Vectors Mapping and Aligning Model
Authors: Lin Shenwen , Mao Hongliang , Wu Zhen , Yang Jinglin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraditional anti-anonymity technologies for Bitcoin transactions include two types. One is network-layer anti-anonymity technology, which achieves the purpose of locating the initial IP of specific transaction information by speculating on the IP propagation path of transaction; the other is the anti-anonymity technology of the transaction layer. By analyzing the data of the Bitcoin ledger, it realizes the on-chain behavior portrait of a specific wallet address attributable to the user. In this work, we propose a new anti-anonymity technology, by constructing transaction behavior vectors and social behavior vectors based on Bitcoin ledger data and off-chain social data respectively, and build a model for mapping and aligning the two vectors. Experimental test shows that the proposed anti-anonymity technology is more accurate and has better practical effects. Furthermore, the technology suits for the anti-anonymity of other virtual currencies as well.
Research on Information Security Asset Value Assessment Methodology
Authors: Yang Xueqin , Yang Peng , Lin Honggang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn response to the fact that traditional asset value assessment methods are subjective and cannot distinguish the value of different assets carrying the same type of business, a comprehensive assessment method that takes into account the importance of the business carried by the assets is proposed. In this paper, four factors affecting business importance are selected as evaluation indicators, and the CRITIC objective assignment method is used to obtain the weights of each evaluation indicator, calculate the importance of the business carried by the asset, and then calculate the asset value using the multiplication method with the assigned values of the asset in terms of confidentiality (C), integrity (I) and availability (A). The results of the case validation show that the calculation results of assessing the asset value by combining business importance are consistent with the actual value of the asset, and the comparison results with the traditional method show that the proposed method is more objective and reasonable in assessing the asset value.
Research on Named Entity Recognition Method of Network Threat Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Keke , Chen Xu , Jing Yongjun , Wang Shuyang , Tang Lijun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the continuous emergence of new network threat means, how to turn passive defense into active prediction, the rise of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) technology provides a new idea. CTI technology can timely and effectively obtain all kinds of network security threat intelligence information to help security personnel quickly identify all kinds of attacks and make effective decisions in time. However, there are not only a large number of redundant information in threat intelligence information, but also the problems of Chinese English mixing, fuzzy boundary, and polysemy of related security entities. Therefore, identifying complex and valuable information from this information has become a great challenge. Through the research on the above problems, a named entity recognition model in the field of Network Threat Intelligence Based on BERT-BiLSTM-Self-Attention-CRF is proposed to identify the complex network threat intelligence entities in the text. Firstly, the dynamic word vector is obtained through Bert to fully represent the semantic information and solve the problem of polysemy of a word. Then the obtained word vector is used as the input of BiLSTM, and the context feature vector is obtained by BiLSTM. Then the output result is introduced into the self-attention mechanism to capture the correlation within the data or features, and finally the result is input into CRF for annotation. To verify the effectiveness of the model, experiments are carried out on the constructed network threat intelligence data set. The results show that the model significantly improves the effect of Threat Intelligence named entity recognition compared with several other classical models.
Brief Analysis for Network Security Issues in Mega-Projects Approved for Data Clusters
Authors: Lan Shizhan , Huang Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNetwork security is an important guarantee for Mega-projects approved for data clusters. It is necessary to comprehensively improve the network security awareness, monitoring, early warning, disposal and evaluation capabilities of Mega-projects approved for data clusters. It makes a comprehensive analysis on the network security issues in Mega-projects approved for data clusters from dimensions of computing facility security, network facility security, combination and scheduling security, network operation service security, data security, network situation awareness, etc. It is set up gradually evolving atomic power security capabilities for building a ubiquitous security network computing brain. It identifies data assets in an active and passive ways, sorts out data assets through in-depth scanning and information completion, supports the formation of preset templates according to AI (artificial intelligence) models, regular matching, keywords, combination rules, etc., classifies and grades data according to data sensitivity, and visually displays them in the form of charts. It forms a multi-layer architecture system that includes the collaborative scheduling of computing networks on the control side, the perception of network convergence on the data side, management and the scheduling of computing resources on the service side, realizes the interaction and supervision of the whole process, all elements and the whole industry chain of computing scheduling, has functions of security perception, monitoring, early warning, disposal and evaluation, and improves the security perception and linkage monitoring capability of cross data center and clusters. Gradually, it builds a coordinated threat handling capability.
Detecting Bitcoin Nodes by the Cyberspace Search Engines
Authors: Li Ruiguang , Zhu Jiawei , Gao Jiaqi , Wu Fudong , Xu Dawei , Zhu Liehuang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNowadays, the cyberspace search engines have showed great power to find entities and services in the network, which provide new ideas and methods to detect the Bitcoin nodes. This paper introduces the Bitcoin’s P2P network and nodes including the reachable nodes and the unreachable nodes. Then, the results of detecting reachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines are showed. Next, the author proposes a new approach to find and verify the unreachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines. Finally, this paper illustrates the de-anonymization of some Bitcoin nodes by the cyberspace search engines, which map some node’s IP addresses to real Bitcoin entities, such as Zeblockchain (a browser website), Microwallet (a wallet website) and Laurentia Pool (a non-profit pool website).
A note on polydegree (n, 1) rational inner functions, slice matrices, and singularities
Authors: Sola Alan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyze certain compositions of rational inner functions in the unit polydisk$$\mathbb {D}^{d}$$Ddwith polydegree (n, 1),$$n\in \mathbb {N}^{d-1}$$n∈Nd-1, and isolated singularities in$$\mathbb {T}^d$$Td. Provided an irreducibility condition is met, such a composition is shown to be a rational inner function with singularities in precisely the same location as those of the initial function, and with quantitatively controlled properties. As an application, we answer ad-dimensional version of a question posed in Bickel et al. (Am J Math 144: 1115–1157, 2022) in the affirmative.
Flow study on a transparent two-phase blood model fluid based on alginate microspheres
Authors: Froese Vera , Gabel Grischa , Parnell Julia , Prause Albert , Lommel Michael , Kertzscher Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The reduction of blood damage is still a big challenge in blood-carrying medical devices. In vitro experiments are performed to investigate the damage-causing effects, but due to the opaqueness of blood cells, only near-wall flows can be observed. Thus, several transparent blood models to visualize the rheologic behavior of blood have been proposed and examined. Nevertheless, two-phase blood models with added particles still represent the properties of blood inadequately or are very expensive and complex to produce. In this in vitro study, the viscosity, the flow behavior and the cell deformation of human red blood cells have been compared to a novel, easy-to-produce, two-phase blood model fluid with deformable alginate microspheres. The comparison has been performed in a cone-plate rheometer, a straight and a hyperbolic converging microchannel. The viscosity of the blood model fluid with a particle fraction of 30% showed a shear-thinning behavior, comparable to that of blood at room and human body temperature within shear rates from 7 to $$2000\,\hbox {s}^{-1}$$

2000

s

-
1

. The alginate microspheres were deformable in an extensional flow and formed a cell free layer comparable to that of blood in a straight microchannel. The experiments showed a good optical accessibility of the two-phase flow with traceable movements of individual microspheres in the center of the microchannel. It could be shown that our proposed blood model fluid is a promising tool for the analysis of two-phase flows in complex flow geometries.

Graphical Abstract
Grünes Regenwassermanagement – natur-basierte Lösungen und nachhaltige Landschaftsbautechniken im Vormarsch?
Authors: Pitha Ulrike , Scharf Bernhard , Wultsch Thomas , Stangl Rosemarie 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungKonzepte zum integrierten Regenwassermanagement mit lokaler Retention, Versickerung und Verdunstung wurden in letzter Zeit verstärkt aufgegriffen, um praktikable und entlastende Alternativen zur klassischen Entwässerung von Niederschlagswasser in die Kanalisation zu ermöglichen. Das nachhaltige grüne Regenwassermanagement geht dabei noch einen Schritt weiter, und fügt die Funktion der Speicherung und Wiederverwendung v. a. zu Bewässerungszwecken von Grünflächen sowie das Bereitstellen von Ökosystemleistungen der zum Einsatz kommenden Pflanzen (z. B. Evapotranspiration, Habitat, Biodiversität) hinzu. Dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik in Österreich wird ein Nachholbedarf bei der Aktualisierung der Regenwassermanagementsysteme mit natur- und pflanzenbasierten Alternativen zugeordnet! Daher werden bewährte und neue, auf aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen beruhende grüne Regenwassermanagementbauweisen vorgestellt, die auf den Konzepten der nachhaltigen Landschaftsbau- und Vegetationstechniken beruhen sowie den Prinzipien der Nature-based Solutions nach dem Verständnis der IUCN entsprechen. Herausforderungen bei deren Einsatz im besiedelten Raum wurden identifiziert. Dies bietet potenzielle Ansatzpunkte für weiteres, notwendiges Vorgehen, damit die grünen Regenwassermanagementlösungen zukünftig verstärkt genutzt werden und als Klimawandelanpassungsmaßnahme effizient wirken können.
Inhibition of tooth demineralization caused by Streptococcus mutans biofilm via antimicrobial treatment using hydrogen peroxide photolysis
Authors: Shirato Midori , Nakamura Keisuke , Tenkumo Taichi , Niwano Yoshimi , Kanno Taro , Sasaki Keiichi , Lingström Peter , Örtengren Ulf 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
An antimicrobial technique utilizing hydroxyl radicals generated by the photolysis of 3% H2O2 has been developed recently. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of H2O2 photolysis treatment on tooth demineralization caused by Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

Materials and methods
To induce tooth demineralization, S. mutans biofilm was allowed to form on the maxillary first molars collected from Wistar rats via 24-h culturing. The samples were immersed in 3% H2O2 and irradiated with 365-nm LED (H2O2 photolysis treatment). Viable bacterial counts in the biofilm were evaluated immediately after treatment and after an additional 30-h culturing by colony counting. The acidogenicity of the biofilm, re-established 30 h after treatment, was assessed by measuring the pH. The effect of H2O2 photolysis treatment on tooth demineralization was assessed by measuring the depth of the radiolucent layer in micro-CT images.

Results
H2O2 photolysis significantly reduced viable bacterial counts in the biofilm to 3.7 log colony forming units (CFU)/sample, while the untreated group had 7.9 log CFU/sample. The pH of the biofilm re-established after treatment (6.6) was higher than that of the untreated group (5.3). In line with the pH measurement, the treatment group had a significantly lower depth of radiolucent layer in dentin than the untreated group.

Conclusions
H2O2 photolysis treatment was effective not only in killing the biofilm-forming S. mutans but also in lowering the acidogenicity of the biofilm. Thus, this technique could inhibit tooth demineralization.

Clinical relevance
H2O2 photolysis can be applicable as a new dental caries treatment.
A parametric method to estimate environmental energy efficiency with non-radial adjustment: an application to China
Authors: Li Hongzhou , Appolloni Andrea , Dou Yijie , Basile Vincenzo , Kopsakangas-Savolainen Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo estimate the performance of China in terms of energy use efficiency during the first two decades of the twenty-first century while also taking into consideration pollutant emission, this study uses a panel data set covering 30 provincial administrative regions in mainland China for the period 2000–2016. To overcome problems with the DEA-based method, this study proposes an SFA-based model that can estimate environmental energy efficiency while maintaining the regularity constraints imposed on undesirable output, by using Bayesian technique. Our empirical results show that the average value of environmental energy efficiency during the whole sample period changed from 0.7858 in 2000 to 0.7726 in 2016, with an average value of 0.7812 over the whole period. This result is in sharp contrast with findings based on the often-used GDP/energy and GDP/undesirable output indexes, both of which show an improving trend over same sample period. This study suggests that more sophisticated indexes should be used to evaluate meaningful energy efficiency and environmental protection-related performance.
Visual Fire Power: An Algorithm for Measuring Heat Release Rate of Visible Flames in Camera Footage, with Applications in Facade Fire Experiments
Authors: Bonner Matthew , Węgrzyński Wojciech , Rein Guillermo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel algorithm, called Visual Fire Power, for measuring the heat release rate of a turbulent flame using video footage taken from two cameras, located at an approximate right angle to each other and at a known distance from the fire. By measuring the time-averaged volume of the fire, Visual Fire Power can measure heat release rate in situations where traditional calorimetry may be impractical (such as experiments outdoors), as well as uniquely providing a method for comparing the heat release rates of different flames in the same experiment, e.g. externally venting flames from different windows of the same compartment. The algorithm was benchmarked against synthetic data and calculated the volume of common solids with approximately 30% uncertainty. The relationship between volume and heat release rate was then calibrated from videos of burners at known heat release rates. These experiments were used to calculate the Orloff-DeRis constant $$\gamma$$
γ
, which linearly relates flame volume and heat release rate. The value for $$\gamma$$
γ
was found to be $$1505\pm 183$$

1505
±
183

kW/m3. The algorithm was demonstrated on recordings of a standard Polish facade fire test. Improving the range of data measured in both fire testing and fire experiments could help to increase our knowledge of fire dynamics and provide better data for researchers and engineers in the future.
Using the social vulnerability index to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Louisiana
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad Alfrad Nobel , Davis Terry C , Arnold Connie L , Motayar Nasim , Bhuiyan Md. Shenuarin , Smith Deborah G , Murnane Kevin S , Densmore Kenneth , van Diest Maarten , Bailey Steven R , Kevil Christopher G 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUsing data from the Louisiana Department of Public Health, we explored the spatial relationships between the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and COVID-19-related vaccination and mortality rates. Publicly available COVID-19 vaccination and mortality data accrued from December 2020 to October 2021 was downloaded from the Louisiana Department of Health website and merged with the SVI data; geospatial analysis was then performed to identify the spatial association between the SVI and vaccine uptake and mortality rate. Bivariate Moran’s I analysis revealed significant clustering of high SVI ranking with low COVID-19 vaccination rates (1.00, p < 0.001) and high smoothed mortality rates (0.61, p < 0.001). Regression revealed that for each 10% increase in SVI ranking, COVID-19 vaccination rates decreased by 3.02-fold (95% CI = 3.73–2.30), and mortality rates increased by a factor of 1.19 (95% CI = 0.99–1.43). SVI values are spatially linked and significantly associated with Louisiana’s COVID-19-related vaccination and mortality rates. We also found that vaccination uptake was higher in whites than in blacks. These findings can help identify regions with low vaccination rates and high mortality, enabling the necessary steps to increase vaccination rates in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
The Archaeology of Reindeer Domestication and Herding Practices in Northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Salmi Anna-Kaisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnimal domestication is a profound change for human societies, economies, and worldviews. The shifting definitions of animal domestication reflect its varying and process-like nature. Reindeer is one of the species whose domestication is not easily pinned down using standard definitions and research methodologies of animal domestication. In recent years, advances in archaeological methodology and the conceptual understanding of animal domestication have opened new avenues for research on this topic. This review summarizes recent research on the archaeology of reindeer domestication among the Indigenous Sámi of northern Fennoscandia. It compiles a chronological framework of reindeer domestication with an emphasis on the development of reindeer-herding practices and human–reindeer relationships. I argue that while a major transition to reindeer herding occurred among the Sámi from the 15th century onward, small-scale reindeer herding characterized by interspecies sociality, cooperation, and care developed earlier during the Late Iron Age, with regional variations in the timing and details of the events. By focusing on reindeer-herding practices and the human–reindeer relationships embedded in them, I also argue that reindeer domestication, and animal domestication in general, is a relationship constructed and constantly renegotiated in everyday interactions with the animals.
3D scaffolds of caprolactone/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/hydroxyapatite stabilized by physical bonds seeded with swine dental pulp stem cell for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Reyna-Urrutia V. A. , Estevez Miriam , González-González A. M. , Rosales-Ibáñez R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBone Regeneration represents a clinical need, related to bone defects such as congenital anomalies, trauma with bone loss, and/or some pathologies such as cysts or tumors This is why a polymeric biomaterial that mimics the osteogenic composition and structure represents a high potential to face this problem. The method of obtaining these materials was first to prepare a stabilized hydrogel by means of physical bonds and then to make use of the lyophilization technique to obtain the 3D porous scaffolds with temperature conditions of −58 °C and pressure of 1 Pa for 16 h. The physicochemical and bioactive properties of the scaffolds were studied. FTIR and TGA results confirm the presence of the initial components in the 3d matrix of the scaffold. The scaffolds exhibited a morphology with pore size and interconnectivity that promote good cell viability. Together, the cell viability and proliferation test, Alamar BlueTM and the differentiation test: alizarin staining, showed the ability of physically stabilized scaffolds to proliferate and differentiate swine dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) followed by mineralization. Therefore, the Cs-PCL-PVA-HA scaffold stabilized by physical bonds has characteristics that suggest great utility for future complementary in vitro tests and in vivo studies on bone defects. Likewise, this biomaterial was enhanced with the addition of HA, providing a scaffold with osteoconductive properties necessary for good regeneration of bone tissue.