bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and evaluation of a linear nozzle array with double auxiliary electrodes for restraining cross-talk effect in parallel electrohydrodynamic jet printing
Authors: Peng Lei , Pan Yanqiao , Wang Zhuo , Feng Yandong , Liu Zhihao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is attractive and challenging to fabricate micro-nano scale patterns in large area by parallel electrohydrodynamic jet printing (E-jet printing) with nozzle array. However, cross-talk effect (i.e. interference phenomenon) between nozzles may probably lead to poor positioning accuracy and cause jet instability. In this paper, design and evaluation of a special linear nozzle array with double auxiliary electrodes at both ends were proposed to restrain the cross-talk effect. Firstly, the numerical simulation model of multi-nozzle E-jet printing was established considering with electro-hydraulic coupling effect. The corresponding multi-nozzle E-jet printing processes in several geometry configurations were successfully simulated based on a commercial multi-physical software ‘COMSOL’. Secondly, the unique design of new type linear nozzle array with double auxiliary electrodes was proposed after accomplishing theoretical analysis and comparison study of simulation results. Thirdly, several experiments were carried out on a constructed multi-nozzle E-jet printing system to verify feasibility and effectiveness of the provided design. The experiments show that the proposed manner has obvious advantages in restraining cross-talk compared with traditional suppressing method ‘with single flat-head auxiliary electrode at both ends’. When nozzle space is 0.5 mm, the jet deflection angle 2.8° and Taylor cone angle 3.3° could be reduced to 0° and 0.05° with two methods respectively. Finally, the printability of fabricated new multi-nozzle was also characterized. Microscale droplets array (mean diameter about 200–240 μm) could be achieved with no deflection and the gap between them is equal with the distance between adjacent nozzles. This study can provide a reference for the design of high integrated printhead and E-jet printing system.
Full-space terahertz metasurface based on thermally tunable InSb
Authors: Dong Yujie , Sun Xiyu , Li Yan , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) metasurfaces have potential research value in high-quality molecular imaging, high-speed broadband communication, biology, etc. In this paper, thermally tunable full space metasurface was proposed and analyzed by using Finite Difference Time Domain method based on Pancharatnam–Berry phase modulation and InSb temperature characteristic. At 220 K, a metasurface composed of InSb elements can simultaneously achieve efficient transmission and reflection of the incident circularly polarized light at 0.8 THz and 1.15 THz, respectively. On the contrary, at 360 K, the metasurface absorbs all of the incident terahertz waves, essentially turning off the incident beam. In addition, dynamically tunable metalenses were proposed and used to generate focused vortex light. The proposed metasurface provides a potential direction for developing an efficiency-tunable PB terahertz device in the future.
In-suit monitoring melt pool states in direct energy deposition using ResNet
Authors: Liu Hanru , Yuan Junlin , Peng Shitong , Wang Fengtao , Weiwei Liu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One critical challenge of directed energy deposition (DED) in additive manufacturing (AM) is the lack of comprehension of the relationship between the part parameters and the formation quality. Components fabricated by the inappropriate manufacturing parameters will be too unreliable to satisfy the strict requirements of industrial applications. To address these issues, the present study established an experiment with a coaxial high-speed charge coupled device (CCD) camera to monitor the 316L deposition process and developed a data-driven model with ResNet101 to identify different melt pool states. We adopted the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding clustering algorithm, accuracy rate, and normalized confusion matrix to evaluate the performance of ResNet101. Furthermore, the visualization technique class activation mapping was used to analyze the morphological characteristics of the melt pool formed under different experimental parameters, explained the classification behavior of the ResNet101 model. The result indicated that ResNet101 gains better feature extraction and higher capability to classify different melt pool states with an average accuracy of 99.07%, compared with other CNNs (LeNet, GoogLeNet, AlexNet, ResNet34, and ResNet50) models. This demonstrated the effectiveness of ResNet101 in monitoring the DED process and the potential to reduce fabrication costs in DED.
Conformal atomic layer deposition of RuO
x
on highly porous current collectors for micro-supercapacitor applications
Authors: Choudhury Sakeb Hasan , Vignaud Guillaume , Dubreuil Pascal , Assresahegn Birhanu Desalegn , Guay Daniel , Pech David 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
3D porous electrodes have been considered as a new paradigm shift for increasing the energy storage of pseudocapacitive micro-supercapacitors for on-chip electronics. However, the conformal deposition of active materials is still challenging when highly porous structures are involved. In this work, we have investigated the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ruthenium dioxide RuO2 on porous Au and Pt architectures prepared by hydrogen bubble templated electrodeposition, with area enlargement factors ranging from 400 to 10 000 cm2/cm2. Using proper ALD conditions, a uniform RuO2 coverage has been successfully obtained on porous Au, with a specific electrode capacitance of 8.1 mF cm−2 and a specific power of 160 mW cm−2 for a minute amount of active material. This study also shows the importance of the chemical composition and reactivity of the porous substrate for achieving conformal deposition of a ruthenium oxide layer.
Study of carbon nanotube embedded honey as a resistive switching material
Authors: Tanim Md Mehedi Hasan , Sueoka Brandon , Xiao Zhigang , Cheong Kuan Yew , Zhao Feng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, natural organic honey embedded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied as a resistive switching material for biodegradable nonvolatile memory in emerging neuromorphic systems. CNTs were dispersed in a honey-water solution with the concentration of 0.2 wt% CNT and 30 wt% honey. The final honey-CNT-water mixture was spin-coated and dried into a thin film sandwiched in between Cu bottom electrode and Al top electrode to form a honey-CNT based resistive switching memory (RSM). Surface morphology, electrical characteristics and current conduction mechanism were investigated. The results show that although CNTs formed agglomerations in the dried honey-CNT film, both switching speed and the stability in SET and RESET process of honey-CNT RSM were improved. The mechanism of current conduction in CNT is governed by Ohm’s law in low-resistance state and the low-voltage range in high-resistance state, but transits to the space charge limited conduction at high voltages approaching the SET voltage.
Temporal complexity of EEG encodes human alertness
Authors: Hadra Mohammad , Omidvarnia Amir , Mesbah Mostefa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Automatic human alertness monitoring has recently become an important research topic with important applications in many areas such as the detection of drivers’ fatigue, monitoring of monotonous tasks that require a high level of alertness such as traffic control and nuclear power plant monitoring, and sleep staging. In this study, we propose that balanced dynamics of Electroencephalography (EEG) (so called EEG temporal complexity) is a potentially useful feature for identifying human alertness states. Recently, a new signal entropy measure, called range entropy (RangeEn), was proposed to overcome some limitations of two of the most widely used entropy measures, namely approximate entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), and showed its relevance for the study of time domain EEG complexity. In this paper, we investigated whether the RangeEn holds discriminating information associated with human alertness states, namely awake, drowsy, and sleep and compare its performance against those of SampEn and ApEn. Approach. We used EEG data from 60 healthy subjects of both sexes and different ages acquired during whole night sleeps. Using a 30 s sliding window, we computed the three entropy measures of EEG and performed statistical analyses to evaluate the ability of these entropy measures to discriminate among the different human alertness states. Main results. Although the three entropy measures contained useful information about human alertness, RangeEn showed a higher discriminative capability compared to ApEn and SampEn especially when using EEG within the beta frequency band. Significance. Our findings highlight the EEG temporal complexity evolution through the human alertness states. This relationship can potentially be exploited for the development of automatic human alertness monitoring systems and diagnostic tools for different neurological and sleep disorders, including insomnia.
Time-resolved CO2, CO, and N2 vibrational population measurements in Ns pulse discharge plasmas
Authors: Richards Caleb , Jans Elijah , Mignogna David , Adamovich Igor V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Time-resolved CO2 and N2 vibrational populations and translational-rotational temperature are measured in a CO2–N2 plasma sustained by a ns pulse discharge burst in plane-to-plane geometry. Time-resolved, absolute number density of CO generated in the plasma is also inferred from the experimental data. CO2 and CO vibrational populations are measured by mid-IR, tunable quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy, and N2 vibrational populations are measured by the ns broadband vibrational CARS. Transient excitation of N2 and CO2 asymmetric stretch vibrational energy modes is detected during the discharge burst. The time-resolved rate of CO generation does not correlate with N2 or CO2(ν
3) vibrational temperatures, indicating that CO2 dissociation via the vibrational excitation is insignificant at the present conditions. The rate of CO generation decreases gradually during the discharge burst. The estimated specific energy cost of the CO product is close to that of N atoms in pure nitrogen, measured previously at similar operating conditions. Comparison of the experimental data with the kinetic modeling analysis indicates that CO2 dissociation in collisions with electronically excited N2 molecules is the dominant channel of CO generation at the present conditions, although the inferred CO yield in these processes is significantly lower than 1. The effect of vibrational energy transfer between N2 and CO2 on the plasma chemical processes is insignificant. The kinetic model underpredicts a rapid reduction of the N2 and CO2(ν
3) vibrational temperatures during the later half of the discharge burst and in the afterglow. V–T relaxation of N2 by N and O atoms generated in the ns pulse discharge plasma does not affect the vibrational relaxation rate in a significant way. However, rapid V–T relaxation of CO2 by O atoms has a significant effect on the relaxation rate. The difference between the experimental data and the modeling predictions may be due to the unknown scaling of the CO2–O V–T rates with the vibrational quantum number.
Shape-programmable cantilever made of a magnetoactive elastomer of mixed content
Authors: Becker T I , Stolbov O V , Biller A M , Borin D Yu , Stolbova O S , Zimmermann K , Raikher Yu L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work presents an approach to the macroscopic field-controlled mechanics of magnetoactive elastomers of mixed content, which are a special type of smart materials made of an elastic composite and a combination of two essentially different ferromagnetic fillers. High-coercive particles of NdFeB-alloy powder for the magnetically hard (MH) filler and carbonyl iron powder particles with nearly zero coercivity for the magnetically soft (MS) filler are usually used. The MH particles are tens-of-micron in size and impart to the elastomer a remanent magnetisation, whereas due to the MS particles of several microns in size, the elastomer acquires a high magnetic susceptibility. Since large MH particles once magnetised in a strong field possess their own fields to which the MS particles are susceptible, the overall elastomer magnetisation as well as its mechanical response greatly depends on the relative concentration of both fillers. This work particularly studies the bending deformation of horizontally fixed magnetoactive cantilevers with the permanent magnetisation along the length axis under the action of gravity and a vertically applied uniform magnetic field. The cantilevers of the same geometry and fixed NdFeB content but different carbonyl iron concentration are considered. The magnetomechanical model is developed based on the finite-strain theory assuming the plane-stress approximation of the two-dimensional cantilever of infinite width. The magnetic energy comprises two magnetic terms, one of which is qualitatively linear and the other one is quadratic in the applied field strength. The numerically calculated field-programmed equilibrium bending shapes of the cantilevers are compared with the experimentally observed shapes. The model provides good agreement with the experiment up to moderate concentrations of the MS filler, when the coefficients of customary interpolation formulas for the concentration dependencies of elastic modulus and magnetic susceptibility are properly adjusted.
Frequency–frequency correlations of single-trajectory spectral densities of Gaussian processes
Authors: Squarcini Alessio , Marinari Enzo , Oshanin Gleb , Peliti Luca , Rondoni Lamberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the stochastic behavior of the single-trajectory spectral density

S

(

ω
,
T

)

of several Gaussian stochastic processes, i.e., Brownian motion, the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, the Brownian gyrator model and fractional Brownian motion, as a function of the frequency ω and the observation time

T

. We evaluate in particular the variance and the frequency–frequency correlation of

S

(

ω
,
T

)

for different values of ω. We show that these properties exhibit different behaviors for different physical cases and can therefore be used as a sensitive probe discriminating between different kinds of random motion. These results may prove quite useful in the analysis of experimental and numerical data.
The covariance of squeezed bispectrum configurations
Authors: Biagetti Matteo , Castiblanco Lina , Noreña Jorge , Sefusatti Emiliano 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We measure the halo bispectrum covariance in a large set of N-body simulations and compare it with theoretical expectations. We find a large correlation among (even mildly) squeezed halo bispectrum configurations. A similarly large correlation can be found between squeezed triangles and the long-wavelength halo power spectrum. This shows that the diagonal Gaussian contribution fails to describe, even approximately, the full covariance in these cases. We compare our numerical estimate with a model that includes, in addition to the Gaussian one, only the non-Gaussian terms that are large for squeezed configurations. We find that accounting for these large terms in the modeling greatly improves the agreement of the full covariance with simulations. We apply these results to a simple Fisher matrix forecast, and find that constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity are degraded by a factor of ∼ 2 when a non-Gaussian covariance is assumed instead of the diagonal, Gaussian approximation.
Constraints on dark matter self-interaction from galactic core size
Authors: Sankar Ray Tirtha , Sarkar Sambo , Kumar Shaw Abinash 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Self-interaction of particulate dark matter may help thermalising the central region of the galactic halo and driving core formation. The core radius is expectedly sensitive to the self-interaction strength of dark matter (DM). In this paper we study the feasibility of constraining dark matter self-interaction from the distribution of the core radius in isolated haloes. We perform systematic DM only N-body simulations of spherically symmetric isolated galactic haloes in the mass range of 1010-1015
M
⊙, incorporating the impact of isotropic DM self-interaction. Comparing the simulated profiles with the observational data, we provide a conservative upper limit on the self-interaction cross-section, σ/m < 9.8 cm2 / gm at 95 % confidence level. We report significant dependence of the derived bounds on the galactic density distribution models assumed for the analysis.
Mapping of Compositional Diversity and Chronological Ages of Lunar Farside Multiring Mare Moscoviense Basin: Implications to the Middle Imbrian Mare Basalts
Authors: Karthi A. , Arivazhagan S. , Sharma Manish 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Mare Moscoviense is an astonishing rare flatland multi-ring basin and one of the recognizable mare regions on the Moon’s farside. The mineralogical, chronological, topographical and morphological studies of the maria surface of the Moon provide a primary understanding of the origin and evolution of the mare provinces. In this study, the Chandrayaan-1 M3data have been employed to prepare optical maturity index, FeO and TiO2concentration, and standard band ratio map to detect the mafic indexes like olivine and pyroxene minerals. The crater size frequency distribution method has been applied to LROC WAC data to obtain the absolute model ages of the Moscoviense basin. The four geological unit ages were observed as 3.57 Ga (U-2), 3.65 Ga (U-1), 3.8 Ga (U-3) and 3.92 Ga (U-4), which could have been formed between the Imbrian and Nectarian epochs. The M3imaging and reflectance spectral parameters were used to reveal the minerals like pyroxene, olivine, ilmenite, plagioclase, orthopyroxene-olivine-spinel lithology, and olivine-pyroxene mixtures present in the gabbroic basalt, anorthositic and massive ilmenite rocks, and validated with the existing database. The results show that the Moscoviense basin is dominated by intermediate TiO2basalts that derived from olivine-ilmenite-pyroxene cumulate depths ranging from 200 to 500 km between 3.5 Ga and 3.6 Ga.
The Spin-up of a Star Gaining Mass in a Close Binary System on the Thermal Time Scale
Authors: Staritsin Evgeny 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the exchange of mass in a binary system as a channel through which a Be star can receive a rapid rotation. The mass-transfer phase in a massive close binary system in the Hertzsprung-gap is accompanied by the spinning up of the accreting component. We consider a case when the mass of the accreting component increases by 1.5 times. The component acquires mass and angular momentum while in a state of critical rotation. The angular momentum of the component increases by 50 times. Meridional circulation effectively transports angular momentum inside the component during the mass-transfer phase and during the thermal timescale after the end of the mass-transfer phase. As a result of mass transfer, the component acquires the rotation typical of classical Be stars.
Evaluation of different general V(λ) mismatch indices of photometers for LED-based light sources in general lighting applications
Authors: Krüger Udo , Ferrero Alejandro , Mantela Ville , Thorseth Anders , Trampert Klaus , Pellegrino Olivier , Sperling Armin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The general V(λ) mismatch index,

f

1

′

, of a photometer quantifies the deviation between its determined relative spectral responsivity,

s

rel

λ

, and its nominal responsivity, the spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision, V(λ). LED-based light sources now dominate in general lighting, displacing incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Furthermore, the calibration of photometers will very likely see the replacement of the reference CIE standard illuminant A with CIE reference spectrum L41. The article evaluates the consequences. Should we also change the definition of the general V(λ) mismatch index? Based on performance criteria, the individual indices are evaluated using various datasets with the help of statistical analyses. As a result, the authors can conclude that the current definition works very well even under changed calibration and application conditions and does not need to be changed. Other evaluated indices for a new index definition perform only slightly better in some cases, but do not generate generally better properties.
Stabilization of double tearing mode growth by resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: Yu Q. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is well known that for non-monotonic profiles of the safety factor q with two q = m/n resonant surfaces inside the plasma (m/n being the poloidal/toroidal mode numbers), the low-m double tearing modes (DTMs) are usually unstable, especially for plasmas with a high bootstrap current fraction as required for the steady operation of advanced scenarios. The effect of applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on the m/n = 2/1 DTM growth is investigated numerically in this paper using two-fluid equations. The DTM growth is found to be stabilized by moderate static m/n = 2/1, 4/2 or 6/3 RMPs below their penetration threshold if the distance between the two resonant surfaces and the local plasma rotation velocity at the outer resonant surface are sufficiently large. The outer magnetic island is stabilized due to the change of the local plasma current density gradient around the outer resonant surface caused by RMPs, while the inner island growth is stabilized by the bootstrap current perturbation in the negative magnetic shear region. The mode stabilization is more effective for a higher electron temperature, indicating a possible method to improve the DTM stability in a fusion reactor.
Simulation of the TAEs’ saturation phase in the Large Helical Device: MHD burst
Authors: Varela J. , Spong D.A. , Todo Y. , Garcia L. , Ghai Y. , Ortiz J. , Seki R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to analyze the saturation regime of the toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAE) in the Large Helical Device plasma, particularly the MHD burst. The linear and nonlinear evolution of the TAEs are simulated by the FAR3d code that uses a reduced MHD model for the thermal plasma coupled with a gyrofluid model for the energetic particle (EP) species. The linear simulations indicate the overlapping of 1/2 − 1/1, 2/3–2/4 and 3/5–3/6 TAEs in the inner-middle plasma region and frequency range of 45–75 kHz, triggered by EPs with an energy of T

f
= 45 keV and EP β = 0.022. The nonlinear simulations show that 2/3–2/4 and 3/4–3/5 TAEs are further destabilized due to the energy transfer from the 1/1–1/2 TAE, leading to broad TAE radial overlapping and triggering of the MHD burst. The energy of the 1/1–1/2 TAE is also nonlinearly transferred to the thermal plasma destabilizing the 0/0 and 0/1 modes, inducing the generation of shear flows and zonal currents, as well as large deformations in the thermal pressure and EP density radial profiles. The nonlinear simulation reproduces the same succession of instabilities and the same frequency range with respect to the experiment. The instability propagates outward during the bursting phase, showing a large decrease of the EP density profile between the middle-outer plasma, indicating the loss of part of the EP population that explains the decrease in the plasma heating efficiency observed during the MHD burst.