bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Asian slum emissions impact local microclimates in polluted air masses
Authors: Ghosh Satyajit , Sathish Kumar C. R. , Gumber Siddharth , Dobbie Steven , Yang Huiyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUrban sprawl comprising densely populated slums over South Asian cities yields copious amounts of soot and black carbon from archaic cooking methods involving cow dung cakes and firewood, which remain afloat for over 10–12 h, enabling them to age in a sulphur rich environment. Not only are there toxicological concerns arising out of improper ventilation mechanisms, but there are also other concerns impacting the local microclimate. These emissions mix with other aerosol particles and, when conditions are favourable, are rendered partially soluble, enabling them to activate into cloud condensation nuclei. This study first yields a quantification of the soluble mass fraction and subsequently shows how aerosols from this local area source mix with background aerosol modes to perturb the local cloud microphysics over Chennai, a megacity in Southern India. On‐site sampling was undertaken to find the mass concentrations of the collected deposits separately from cow dung and firewood fuel. Additional micro‐physical attributes, including the morphological indentations that served as a receptacle to contain the accreted sulphate along with the particle size distribution were ascertained through Scanning Electron Microscopy. It is shown that accreted sulphate on carbonaceous particles facilitates CCN activation over the city. We show through large‐eddy simulations (LES) that extensive slum emissions over the study region contribute to the observed local cloud cover and enhanced rain amounts over a densely built‐up area housing the city's most vulnerable citizens.
A review on carbon quantum dots: Synthesis, photoluminescence mechanisms and applications
Authors: Zhang Likang , Yang Xue , Yin Zhifu , Sun Linlin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (CQDs), having outstanding biocompatibility, attractive catalytic performance, excellent optical properties, and valuable environment friendliness, are emerging as a new paradigm to design luminescent devices and show great potential in application fields such as biomedical sensors, optical and photonic devices. Furthermore, CQDs are known as one of the most promising carbon‐based nanomaterials in the 21st century. Therefore, they have attracted a lot of attention since they were first discovered in 2004. In this review, we explain the accepted photoluminescence mechanism of CQDs, including fluorescence and phosphorescence. There are two main types of synthesis strategies: top‐down approach and bottom‐up approach. At the same time, the main application fields, including ion detection, anti‐counterfeiting, biological imaging, food safety, sensors, lubrication additives, are reviewed. Finally, the existing bottlenecks, pending problems and prospects for the future of CQDs are discussed.
Synthesis of (tricyanofuran‐3‐ylmethylene)hydrazinyl thiazole‐containing chromophore: A study of its photophysical properties, solvatochromism, and TD‐DFT computations
Authors: Pashameah Rami A. , Alshareef Mubark , Alharbi Arwa , Alsoliemy Amerah , Abumelha Hana M. , Saad Fawaz A. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe chromophore 2–2‐(3‐cyano‐5,5‐dimethyl‐4‐((2‐[thiazol‐2‐yl]hydrazono)methyl)‐furan‐2(5H)‐ylidene)malononitrile (TzHTCF) was prepared by diazo‐coupling of diazotized 2‐aminothiazole with 3‐cyano‐2‐(dicyanomethylene)‐4,5,5‐trimethylfuran (TCF). The TzHTCF absorption solvatochromism, in different polarity solvents, demonstrated a ΔEmax = +4.74 in which the positive sign implied the occurrence of a red shift and the TzHTCF lowest excited state was more polar than its ground state. In addition, the TzHTCF fluorescence spectrum produced a λem in the 416–670 nm range and was more dependent on the solvent polarity than the absorption λmax, despite both exhibiting a red shift of 24 and 254 nm, respectively. To discover the Stokes shift (
behaviour of the TzHTCF derivative, Lippert–Mataga and linear solvation–energy relationship (LSER) formulations were utilized in which the LSER approach displayed better results than the Lippert–Mataga method (R2 = 0.9931). Furthermore, the LSER showed that the absorption and fluorescence solvatochromic behaviours were dependent on the solvent's hydrogen‐bond donor (α) and acceptor (β), along with the solvent's polarizability (π*). Moreover, DFT calculations showed that TzHTCF has a planar configuration and its simulated absorption and emission spectra in dimethyl sulphoxide revealed that λmax primarily originated from the HOMO→LUMO and HOMO‐1→LUMO transitions, respectively.
Boltzmann relation reliability in optical temperature sensing based on upconversion studies of Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped PZT ceramics
Authors: Sukul Prasenjit Prasad , Swart Hendrik , Kumar Kaushal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of two thermally coupled levels with temperature follows the Boltzmann equation and shows an exponential nature to the temperature that is purely dependent on the energy difference between the levels. Despite the identical energy difference between the thermally coupled levels, researchers have observed varying sensitivities for various samples. In this article, the FIR and sensitivities were calculated using the Boltzmann equation by changing various parameters such as energy difference (ΔE) and the value of the constant C. The results were compared with various reports for Er3+/Yb3+ ions. After analysis, a new polynomial fit equation was used to determine the temperature sensitivities for the Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped PbZrTiO3 phosphor in lieu of the conventional Boltzmann equation. The polynomial fit equation eliminated the dependency of the sensitivity on the inverse of the FIR factor and a flat sensitivity curve was obtained with temperature.
Pressure‐dependent fouling behavior during sterile filtration of mRNA‐containing lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Messerian Kevork Oliver , Zverev Anton , Kramarczyk Jack F. , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has generated growing interest in the development of mRNA‐based vaccines and therapeutics. However, the size and properties of the lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) used to deliver the nucleic acids can lead to unique phenomena during manufacturing that are not typical of other biologics. The objective of this study was to develop a more fundamental understanding of the factors controlling the performance of sterile filtration of mRNA‐LNPs. Experimental filtration studies were performed with a Moderna mRNA‐LNP solution using a commercially available dual‐layer polyethersulfone sterile filter, the Sartopore 2 XLG. Unexpectedly, increasing the transmembrane pressure (TMP) from 2 to 20 psi provided more than a twofold increase in filter capacity. Also surprisingly, the effective resistance of the fouled filter decreased with increasing TMP, in contrast to the pressure‐independent behavior expected for an incompressible media and the increase in resistance typically seen for a compressible fouling deposit. The mRNA‐LNPs appear to foul the dual‐layer filter by blocking the pores in the downstream sterilizing‐grade membrane layer, as demonstrated both by scanning electron microscopy and derivative analysis of filtration data collected for the two layers independently. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms governing the filtration of mRNA‐LNP vaccines and therapeutics.
Long‐term survival outcomes of patients with primary ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma: A large single‐center cohort study
Authors: Liang Yuanzheng , Fu Rui‐ying , Liu Xue‐lin , Liu Xin‐di , Piao Ying‐shi , Ma Jian‐min , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML) is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and no consensus has been defined concerning the optimal treatment strategies. This study aims to investigate the associations of disease characteristics and different treatments with long‐term outcomes of patients with localized OAML.MethodsA large retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single‐center of China, and 166 patients with newly diagnosed primary localized OAML were enrolled. Detailed data of disease characteristics at diagnosis and treatments were collected for all patients. We compared treatment response and progression‐free survival (PFS) among patients with different characteristics and treatments.ResultsOf the 166 patients, 52 received complete resection of neoplasm, whereas 114 had residual lesion after surgery. Among the 114 patients, 61 underwent watchful waiting and 53 received further treatment including localized radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Median follow‐up was 49 months. A total of 31 patients had disease progression or relapse, including four patients with such event more than five years after initial treatment. The 5‐year PFS was 73.9%, 70.6%, and 85.9%, whereas the 10‐year PFS was 69.3%, 59.2%, and 79.3%, among patients with complete resection of neoplasm, patients in the watchful waiting group and patients with further treatment, respectively. Patients with further treatment had longer PFS, compared with patients in the watchful waiting group (p = 0.011). Bilateral involvement at diagnosis was associated with significantly inferior PFS (p = 0.029), whereas age, IPI score, or TNM staging were not associated with PFS. No serious adverse reaction was reported among patients with further treatment.ConclusionsBilateral involvement was associated with poor prognosis. Among patients with residual lesions after surgery, further treatment was associated with improved survival. Patients with OAML might experience disease progression or relapse more than five years after initial treatment.
Cuprous Chloride as a New Cathode Material for Room Temperature Chloride Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Junmeng , Zhang Jiahao , Chen Xi , Sun Ye , Gao Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChloride ion batteries (CIBs) are regarded as promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy density, sustainability, and abundant resources. However, the development of CIBs is still limited by the proper cathode materials and electrolyte due to the dissolution issue of active material during the electrochemical reaction. Herein, a stable room temperature rechargeable CIB coupled with CuCl cathode in a tributylmethylammonium chloride based liquid electrolyte is reported. Chloride ion shuttle behavior is evidenced in two different cells, in which lithium foil, and CuCl are used as the anode and cathode, respectively. The CuCl cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 278 mAh g−1 and a reversible capacity of 70 mAh g−1 is still retained after 100 cycles at a current density of 5 mA g−1. This study indicates that CuCl would be a promising cathode for CIBs with good cycling stability.
Achema 2022
Authors: Mathes Björn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGenau zum richtigen Zeitpunkt findet die Achema 2022 in Frankfurt statt. Das meint Björn Mathes, stellvertretender Geschäftsführer der Dechema Ausstellungsgesellschaft. Denn Die großen Herausforderungen für die chemisch‐pharmazeutische Industrie in Richtung Digitalisierung und Defossilierung lassen sich nur branchenübergreifend bewältigen.
Modulare Produktion, Vernetzung und Industrie 4.0
Authors: Möller Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren sind immer neue Schlagworte zur Beschreibung der Digitalisierung hinzugekommen: Big Data, Digitaler Zwilling, Künstliche Intelligenz oder Augmented Reality Aber welche Techniken werden die Prozessindustrie der Zukunft tatsächlich prägen?
Mehr Shampoo, weniger Ausschuss
Authors: Faustmann Hendrik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBei der Herstellung von Kosmetika gilt es ebenso wie im Pharma‐, Biotech‐ oder Lebensmittel‐Bereich strenge Qualitäts‐ und Hygienerichtlinien einzuhalten. Beim Produktionsprozess soll jedoch möglichst effizient ablaufen. Durchflussmesser, die schnell und mit hoher Genauigkeit einen Medienwechsel erkennen, erschließen hier ein beachtliches Optimierungspotenzial.
Vom Low‐Budget‐Gebinde zum Containment‐Allrounder
Authors: Ullrich Alexander 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNach seiner Einführung vor mehr als 40 Jahren ist der Big‐Bag in der industriellen Produktion nicht mehr wegzudenken. Was als Low‐Budget‐Gebinde für einfachste Rohstoffe und Schuttgüter begann, wird nun zunehmend auch für sensiblere Rohstoffe verwendet. Das bedeutet, dass bei manchen Schüttgütern aufgrund ihrer physikalischen Eigenschaften die nahezu staubfreie und sichere Entleerung des Big‐Bags äußerst anspruchsvoll sein kann.
Mischen pharmazeutischer Produkte
Authors: Bode Mandy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDamit Mischprozesse möglichst schonend, hygienisch sowie effizient vonstattengehen können, hat die Armaturenwerk Hötensleben (AWH) ein Magnetrührsystem entwickelt, das selbst höchste Ansprüche an Sicherheit und Sterilität erfüllt. AWH präsentiert das CIP‐ und SIP‐fähige System auf der diesjährigen Achema.
Computational analysis of flow conditions in hydrodynamic cavitation generator for water treatment processes
Authors: Gostiša Jurij , Drešar Primož , Hočevar Marko , Dular Matevž 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe research on the potential of cavitation exploitation is currently an extremely interesting topic. To reduce the costs and time of the cavitation reactor optimization, nowadays, experimental optimization is supplemented and even replaced using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). One of the approaches towards sustainable water treatment is the use of the cavitation reactor with bluff elements mounted on its stator and rotor. The experimental results show that, besides the rotational speed, the spacing of the rotor pins has the most significant effect on the cavitation intensity and effectiveness, while the pin diameter and the surface roughness are less significant design parameters. The present paper uses a simplified CFD approach to investigate the conditions in the reactor and to select the optimal among a number of geometry variations.
Modelling of porous core–shell adsorbent particles with various morphologies suspended in batch adsorber from analytical solutions of diffusion equations
Authors: Cho Young‐Sang , Sung Sohyeon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsidering both intra‐particle diffusion and film resistance for mass transfer, analytical solutions of transient concentration of adsorbate inside adsorbents with spherical, cylindrical, or slab‐type particles were derived for batch adsorbers by solving governing equations using the Laplace transform. Assuming Henry's or rectangular isotherm, the average concentration inside adsorbents as well as transient bulk concentration were also obtained for the particles with or without the inert core. Computations were performed to compare the results according to the shape of adsorbents by adjusting adsorbent loading, Biot number (Bi), and inert core thickness. Regardless of particle morphologies, steady‐state bulk concentration was only affected by adsorbent loading and inert core thickness, whereas the effect of Bi was confirmed from the decreasing reduction rate of adsorbate concentration with decreasing Bi. When diffusivity was dependent on time, time‐decaying diffusivity caused the increase in steady‐state concentration that was predicted by eigenfunction expansion. Experimental results using porous fibres by electrospinning were compared with the mathematical solution of a cylindrical adsorbent for the estimation of intra‐particle diffusivity. Using the solutions of the diffusion equation model, novel core–shell cylindrical adsorbents can be designed and synthesized as core–shell fibres by electrospinning with a coaxial nozzle to save the cost of the active shell layer. Such core–shell structured fibres can be adopted as adsorbents for novel batch adsorption processes and the present modelling results can be extended to other processes like fixed bed adsorbers.
Substrate Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of P. falciparum Plasmepsin X with Potent Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Richardson Lachlan W. , Ashton Trent D. , Dans Madeline G. , Nguyen Nghi , Favuzza Paola , Triglia Tony , Hodder Anthony N. , Ngo Anna , Jarman Kate E. , Cowman Alan F. , Sleebs Brad E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPlasmepsin X (PMX) is an aspartyl protease that processes proteins essential for Plasmodium parasites to invade and egress from host erythrocytes during the symptomatic asexual stage of malaria. PMX substrates possess a conserved cleavage region denoted by the consensus motif, SFhE (h=hydrophobic amino acid). Peptidomimetics reflecting the P3‐P1 positions of the consensus motif were designed and showed potent and selective inhibition of PMX. It was established that PMX prefers Phe in the P1 position, di‐substitution at the β‐carbon of the P2 moiety and a hydrophobic P3 group which was supported by modelling of the peptidomimetics in complex with PMX. The peptidomimetics were shown to arrest asexual P. falciparum parasites at the schizont stage by impairing PMX substrate processing. Overall, the peptidomimetics described will assist in further understanding PMX substrate specificity and have the potential to act as a template for future antimalarial design.
Quantification of spatial pharmacogene expression heterogeneity in breast tumors
Authors: Powell Nicholas R. , Silvola Rebecca M. , Howard John S. , Badve Sunil , Skaar Todd C. , Ipe Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapeutic drug concentrations vary across different regions of tumors and this is thought to be involved in development of chemotherapy resistance. Insufficient drug delivery to some regions of the tumor may be due to spatial differences in expression of genes involved in the disposition, transport, and detoxification of drugs (pharmacogenes). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the spatial expression of 286 pharmacogenes in six breast cancer tissues using the recently developed Visium spatial transcriptomics platform to (1) determine if these pharmacogenes are expressed heterogeneously across tumor tissue and (2) to determine which pharmacogenes have the most spatial expression heterogeneity.Methods and ResultsThe spatial transcriptomics technology sequences the transcriptome of 55 um diameter barcoded sections (spots) across a tissue sample. We analyzed spatial gene expression profiles of four biobank‐sourced breast tumor samples in addition to two breast tumor sample datasets from 10× Genomics. We define heterogeneity as the interquartile range of read counts. Collectively, we identified 8887 spots in tumor regions, 3814 in stroma, 44 in lymphocytes, and 116 in normal regions based on pathologist annotation of the tissues. We showed statistically significant differences in expression of pharmacogenes in tumor regions compared to surrounding non‐tumor regions. We also observed that the most heterogeneously expressed genes within tumor regions were involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling and detoxification mechanisms. GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, SOD1, CYP4Z1, CYB5R3, GSTK1, and NAT1 showed the most heterogeneous expression within tumor regions.ConclusionsThe heterogeneous expression of these pharmacogenes may have important implications for cancer therapy due to their ability to impact drug distribution and efficacy throughout the tumor. Our results suggest that chemoresistance caused by expression of GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, and SOD1 may be intrinsic, not acquired, since the heterogeneity is not specific to chemotherapy‐treated samples or cell type. Additionally, we identified candidate chemoresistance pharmacogenes that can be further tested through focused follow‐up studies.
Keys for community dialogue: Preparing ethnically mixed cities in Israel for addressing conflictual overlap of cultural holidays
Authors: Shemer Orna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article describes the contribution of employing community dialogue for the prevention of conflict escalation in ethnically mixed cities. It focuses on preparations of Mediation and Dialogue Centers in the Community (MDCC) for dealing with potential eruptions of violent conflicts over 2 years, due to the overlap of two Jewish and Muslim religious holidays, with opposite characteristics and very different styles. By engaging in processes of community dialogue, it became possible to construct a preventive infrastructure, based on a holistic strategy that involved community activists, civil society organizations and institutions, political leaders and religious leaders, law enforcement bodies, etc. The community model adopted for this task was composed of diverse activities that included explanation, enforcement, education, and dialogue. These combined activities contributed to finding agreed‐upon solutions in the event of conflict escalation. The participatory action research (PAR) that accompanied the process combined learning from successes and exchange of information by professionals from the ethnically mixed cities. The insights from the PAR that accompanied the process extracted the model, for the creation of a sustainable community process that creates community resilience. Consequences for praxis include: the creation of an infrastructure of community dialogue; remaining neutral; the undertaking of multiple collaborations, integration of areas in the community, and individual work with stakeholders.
The mechanism that drives electrostatic solitary waves to propagate in the Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind
Authors: Afify Mahmoud S. , Tolba Reda E. , Moslem Waleed M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe origin of the solitary waves in the Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind, particularly close to the magnetic reconnection (MR) regions, is still an open question. For that purpose, we used the fluid model to obtain the mechanism behind the formation of solitary waves in space plasmas with a variety of components. Our findings reveal that at the separatrix of the MR in the Earth's magnetotail, the counter‐ejected electron beam leads to a broadening of the pulse amplitude. While increasing the electron beam positive velocity causes a bit increase in the soliton amplitude. Moreover, we observed that the soliton profile is very sensitive to the plasma parameters like density and temperature. The calculated electric field using the current model and the measured electric field in the Earth's magnetosphere and solar wind is highlighted.
Treatment of efferent loop syndrome after pancreatoduodenectomy with a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent: A case report
Authors: Wu Jun , Chen Cui , Hu Bing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEfferent loop syndrome is a very rare complication following pancreatoduodenectomy. The treatment of efferent loop syndrome varies depending on the cause of the syndrome. Conservative treatment methods, including nasogastric drainage and enteral nutrition, are adopted that are effective in most of patients; however, surgical treatment is usually required in patients with complete loop obstruction. Herein, we report a case of severe efferent loop obstruction that occurred after pancreatoduodenectomy, which was refractory to conservative treatment and successfully resolved by insertion of a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent.