bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Quantification of Regional Patterns of Migration in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models
Authors: Vong Chun Kiet , Wang Alan , Dragunow Mike , Park Thomas I.-H. , Shim Vickie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Wound healing assays is a common two-dimensional migration model, with the spheroid assay three-dimensional migration model recently emerging as being more representative of in vivo migration behaviours. These models provide insight into the overall migration of cells in response to various factors such as biological, chemotactic and molecular agents. However, currently available analysis techniques for these assays fall short on providing quantifiable means to measure regional migration patterns, which is essential to allow a more robust assessment of drug treatments on cell migration in a chemotactic fashion. Therefore, this study aims to develop a finite element (FE) based pipeline that can objectively quantify regional migration patterns of cells.

Methods
We have developed a novel FE based approach that is able to accurately measure changes in overall migration areas of 3D Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) spheroids that we generated using the primary cell lines from patients undergoing tumour resection surgery. We live-imaged the migration patterns of GBM spheroids and analysed them, first with the standard ImageJ method. We then performed the same analysis with the proposed FE method.

Results
When compared to the standard ImageJ method, our proposed method was able to measure the changes in a more quantitative and accurate manner. Furthermore, our regional migration analysis provided means to analyse the migration pattern seen in the phantom data and our experimental results.

Conclusion
Our FE based method will be a a robust tool for analysing cell migration patterns of GBM and other migrating cells in various diseases and degenerations.
Reducing the channel diameter of polydimethylsiloxane fluidic chips made by a 3D-printed sacrificial template and their application for flow-injection analysis
Authors: Yamashita Tomohisa , Muramoto Tatsuya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fluidic chips have attracted considerable interest in recent years for their potential applications in analytical devices. Previously, we developed a method to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fluidic chips via templates made using a low-priced commercial Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) type 3D printer and polymer coatings. However, in general, methods using a template cannot form a flow channel thinner than the template thickness and the width. In this study, the inner wall of a PDMS fluidic chip was coated with PDMS to create a chip with a channel inner diameter smaller than a template. Then, by measuring the flow signal of methyl orange with a single line, the basic properties of the non-coated and coated chip were investigated. As a result, almost the same flow profile was obtained in non-coated and coated chips at the same linear velocity and the same sample injection length. By coating and narrowing the channel width, it is possible to save the amount of sample and carrier solution. Measuring hydrazine in water using a coated chip was also tried. The calibration curve indicated good linearity in the range of 1–6 ppm. However, a concentration point of 7 ppm deviated. The reason for this deviation was presumably due to inadequate mixing of the sample and reagent. By decreasing the flow rate, the calibration curve indicated good linearity in the range of 1–7 ppm.

Graphical abstract
Calibration for a count rate-dependent time correlation function and a random noise reduction in pulsed dynamic light scattering
Authors: Hiroi Takashi , Samitsu Sadaki , Kano Hideaki , Ishioka Kunie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A pulsed dynamic light scattering (DLS) system, which would be potentially applied to nonlinear DLS with molecular selectivity, was developed by combining a sub-nanosecond pulsed laser with a software-based detection system. The distortion of the time correlation function due to the clipping effect in the photon counting module, and the resulting underestimation of the particle size, were successfully calibrated based on a theoretical simulation. The effective removal of random noises was also demonstrated via time gating synchronized to the laser pulses.

Graphical abstract
Beef and the Bottom Line: The Effect of Value-Added Certification on Feeder Cattle Profitability
Authors: Garber Ben , Alwang Jeffrey , Norton George W. , Bovay John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractData from 1,422 feeder cattle teleauction lots were used to assess the impacts on profitability of the Virginia quality assured (VQA) feeder cattle program. The analysis finds higher profits for VQA cattle due to their faster turnover and lower feed costs; however, certification does not have a significant effect on price received by producers. The analysis further suggests that the cost associated with production under VQA should be considered in addition to price effects studied in previous literature.
The Interpretation of Court Opinions
Authors: Kemmerich Clovis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhat kind of argument is acceptable for this or that interpretation when the text is a court’s opinion? There is plenty of discussion about literary, constitutional, and statutory interpretation. Is it acceptable to import their tenets or theories to the interpretation of court opinions? This paper goes over the leading views on literary, constitutional, and statutory interpretation to compare them with the needs of the court opinions’ interpretation. The author argues that one must interpret court opinions according to the pragmatic model and endeavor to understand the meaning the judge intended for the text.
Dynamics of Newton maps
Authors: WANG XIAOGUANG , YIN YONGCHENG , ZENG JINSONG 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the dynamics of the Newton maps for arbitrary polynomials. Let p be an arbitrary polynomial with at least three distinct roots, and f be its Newton map. It is shown that the boundary
$\partial B$
of any immediate root basin B of f is locally connected. Moreover,
$\partial B$
is a Jordan curve if and only if
$\mathrm {deg}(f|_B)=2$
. This implies that the boundaries of all components of root basins, for the Newton maps for all polynomials, from the viewpoint of topology, are tame.
On the nonvanishing of generalised Kato classes for elliptic curves of rank 2
Authors: Castella Francesc , Hsieh Ming-Lun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLet$E/\mathbf {Q}$be an elliptic curve and$p>3$be a good ordinary prime forEand assume that$L(E,1)=0$with root number$+1$(so$\text {ord}_{s=1}L(E,s)\geqslant 2$). A construction of Darmon–Rotger attaches toEand an auxiliary weight 1 cuspidal eigenformgsuch that$L(E,\text {ad}^{0}(g),1)\neq 0$, a Selmer class$\kappa _{p}\in \text {Sel}(\mathbf {Q},V_{p}E)$, and they conjectured the equivalence$$ \begin{align*} \kappa_{p}\neq 0\quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad{\textrm{dim}}_{{\mathbf{Q}}_{p}}\textrm{Sel}(\mathbf{Q},V_{p}E)=2. \end{align*} $$In this article, we prove the first cases on Darmon–Rotger’s conjecture when the auxiliary eigenformghas complex multiplication. In particular, this provides a new construction of nontrivial Selmer classes for elliptic curves of rank 2.
Reliability and validity of a clinical competence test for dietitians caring patients with early chronic kidney disease
Authors: Márquez-Herrera Roxana M. , Cortés-Sanabria Laura , Cueto-Manzano Alfonso M. , Martínez-Ramírez Héctor R. , Rojas-Campos Enrique , Orozco-González Claudia N. , González-Palacios Aaron 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a test to evaluate dietitian's clinical competence (CC) about nutritional care in patients with early chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study was conducted through five steps: (1) CC and its dimensions were defined; (2) test items were elaborated, and choice of response format and scoring system was selected; (3) content and face validity were established; (4) test was subjected to a pilot test and those items with inadequate performance were removed; (5) criterion validity and internal consistency for final validation were established. A 120-items test was developed and applied to 207 dietitians for validation. Dietitians with previous CKD training obtained higher scores than those with no training, confirming the test validity criterion. According to item analysis, Cronbach's α was 0⋅85, difficulty index 0⋅61 ± 0⋅22, discrimination index 0⋅26 ± 0⋅15 and inter-item correlation 0⋅19 ± 0⋅11, displaying adequate internal consistency.
Actively Keeping Secrets From Creditors: Evidence From the Uniform Trade Secrets Act
Authors: Guernsey Scott , John Kose , Litov Lubomir P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe find that an increase in a firm’s incentives to use trade secrets to protect its intellectual property results in a more actively managed capital structure. Exploiting U.S. states’ adoption of the Uniform Trade Secrets Act as a positive “shock” in the protection afforded to trade secrets, we find that firms covered by the Act reduce debt levels while increasing investments in intangibles. Additional tests suggest that firms fund these financing and investment activities by issuing more equity. Consistent with an increase in overall intangibility magnifying contracting problems with creditors, we find that covered firms experience higher costs of debt.
Machine learning political orders
Authors: Amoore Louise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA significant set of epistemic and political transformations are taking place as states and societies begin to understand themselves and their problems through the paradigm of deep neural network algorithms. A machine learning political order does not merely change the political technologies of governance, but is itself a reordering of politics, of what the political can be. When algorithmic systems reduce the pluridimensionality of politics to the output of a model, they simultaneously foreclose the potential for other political claims to be made and alternative political projects to be built. More than this foreclosure, a machine learning political order actively profits and learns from the fracturing of communities and the destabilising of democratic rights. The transformation from rules-based algorithms to deep learning models has paralleled the undoing of rules-based social and international orders – from the use of machine learning in the campaigns of the UK EU referendum, to the trialling of algorithmic immigration and welfare systems, and the use of deep learning in the COVID-19 pandemic – with political problems becoming reconfigured as machine learning problems. Machine learning political orders decouple their attributes, features and clusters from underlying social values, no longer tethered to notions of good governance or a good society, but searching instead for the optimal function of abstract representations of data.
Distinguishing endpoint sets from Erdős space
Authors: LIPHAM DAVID S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe prove that the set of all endpoints of the Julia set of
$f(z)=\exp\!(z)-1$
which escape to infinity under iteration of f is not homeomorphic to the rational Hilbert space
$\mathfrak E$
. As a corollary, we show that the set of all points
$z\in \mathbb C$
whose orbits either escape to
$\infty$
or attract to 0 is path-connected. We extend these results to many other functions in the exponential family.
Automation, productivity, and innovation in information technology
Authors: Pillai Unni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rate of innovation in Information Technology (IT) has slowed down over time. The slowdown is evident both in the data on quality-adjusted prices of computers, and performance of microprocessors used in computers. The model in this paper shows that an IT–labor elasticity of substitution that is greater than 1 can explain the slowdown. With an elasticity of substitution greater than 1, however, slowing innovation can result in sustained labor productivity and output growth. Sustained growth is possible because an IT–labor elasticity of substitution greater than 1 results in a continuously increasing share of IT in production costs, which counteracts the effect of slowing innovation on labor productivity and output growth. In this environment of slowing innovation, increasing IT share and sustained growth, employment can increase or decrease, depending on the values of the IT–labor elasticity of substitution and the price elasticity of demand for IT-enabled consumption goods.
INDIVISIBILITY OF HEEGNER CYCLES OVER SHIMURA CURVES AND SELMER GROUPS
Authors: Wang Haining 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, we show that the Abel–Jacobi images of the Heegner cycles over the Shimura curves constructed by Nekovar, Besser and the theta elements contructed by Chida–Hsieh form a bipartite Euler system in the sense of Howard. As an application of this, we deduce a converse to Gross–Zagier–Kolyvagin type theorem for higher weight modular forms generalising works of Wei Zhang and Skinner for modular forms of weight 2. That is, we show that if the rank of certain residual Selmer group is 1, then the Abel–Jacobi image of the Heegner cycle is nonzero in this residual Selmer group.
Existential uncertainty in the patient cancer experience: Delimiting the concept
Authors: Dwan Conor , Willig Carla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo delimit the concept of existential uncertainty in the patient cancer experience from other, related aspects of uncertainty in the context of an existing framework of health-related uncertainty.MethodsIn-depth interviews were carried out with six people living with cancer and analyzed using theory-driven, concept-focused thematic analysis.ResultsOur analysis suggests that existential uncertainty is concerned with meaning rather than information; with the person rather than the disease; and with the fundamental nature of our human being-in-the-world rather than the more practical aspects of our relationships with others. Patient expressions of existential uncertainty may involve a nonscientific discourse of metaphor, analogy, and imagination.Significance of resultsIt is important for professionals working in supportive oncology to have a conceptual understanding of uncertainty in order to choose how best to respond to patients’ needs, as different interventions may be more or less appropriate to different aspects of patient uncertainty.
The 29 July 2021 MW 8.2 Chignik, Alaska Peninsula Earthquake Rupture Inferred From Seismic and Geodetic Observations: Re‐Rupture of the Western 2/3 of the 1938 Rupture Zone
Authors: Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Xiong Xiong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOn 29 July 2021, an MW 8.2 thrust‐faulting earthquake ruptured offshore of the Alaska Peninsula within the rupture zone of the 1938 MW 8.2 earthquake. The spatiotemporal distribution of megathrust slip is resolved by jointly inverting regional and teleseismic broadband waveforms along with co‐seismic static and high‐rate GNSS displacements. The primarily unilateral rupture expanded northeastward, away from the rupture zone of the 22 July 2020 MW 7.8 Shumagin earthquake. Large slip extends along approximately 175 km, spanning about two third of the estimated 1938 aftershock zone, with well‐bounded depth from 20 to 40 km, and up to 8.6 m slip near the hypocenter. The rupture terminated in the eastern portion of the 1938 aftershock zone in a region of very large geodetic slip deficit where peak slip appears to have occurred in the 1938 rupture. The 2021 and 1938 events do not have similar slip distributions and do not indicate persistent asperities.
Sensitivity of Melting, Freezing and Marine Ice Beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf to Changes in Ocean Forcing
Authors: Harrison Lianne C. , Holland Paul R. , Heywood Karen J. , Nicholls Keith W. , Brisbourne Alex M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObservations of surface lowering on Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), Antarctica, have prompted concern about its stability. In this study, an ocean model is used to investigate the extent to which changes in ocean forcing may have influenced ice loss and the distribution of stabilizing marine ice beneath LCIS. The model uses a new bathymetry, containing a southern seabed trough discovered using seismic observations. The modeled extent of marine ice, thought to stabilize LCIS, is in good agreement with observations. Experiments applying idealized ocean warming yield an increase in melting over the southern trough. This is inconsistent with lowering observed in northern LCIS, suggesting oceanic forcing is not responsible for that signal. The marine ice extent and thickness reduces significantly under ocean warming, implying a high sensitivity of LCIS stability to changes in ocean forcing. This result could have wide implications for other cold‐water ice shelves around Antarctica.
Simultaneous Observations of a Sporadic E Layer by Digisonde and SuperDARN HF Radars at Zhongshan, Antarctica
Authors: Chen Xiangcai , Liu Jianjun , Kosch Michael J. , Hu Zejun , Wang Zhiwei , Zhang Beichen , Yang Huigen , Hu Hongqiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSporadic E (Es) layers could be composed of metallic ions and formed, modified, or transported by the action of convective electric fields in the high latitude ionosphere. In this paper, by utilizing simultaneous observations from Digisonde and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars at Zhongshan Station (ZHS, 69.4°S, 76.4°E), Antarctica, a thin Es layer, which initially formed in the lower F region and descended into the lower E region, with wavelike structures, was recorded by Digisonde on 14 November 2019. The Es layer‐related concurrent ionospheric irregularities were also detected by the SuperDARN ZHS HF radar. By using a global‐scale 2‐D convection map, combined with images from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager instruments onboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft, it is proposed that the flow shears associated with the duskside convective circulation are responsible for the evolution of the Es layer. Moreover, using the HF radar elevation angle data to measure the scatter height, it is strongly suggested that the Es layer was elongated with convection circulation. The electrodynamic processes responsible for the formation and evolution of the Es layer are discussed.
C1GALT1 expression predicts a favorable prognosis and suppresses malignant phenotypes via TrkA signaling in neuroblastoma
Authors: Lin Neng-Yu , Chen Syue-Ting , Chang Hsiu-Ling , Lu Meng-Yao , Yang Yung-Li , Chou Shu-Wei , Lin Dong-Tsamn , Lin Kai-Hsin , Jou Shiann-Tarng , Hsu Wen-Ming , Huang Min-Chuan , Chang Hsiu-Hao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood tumor derived from the sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest progenitor cells. Core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) controls the crucial step of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation, and its altered expression affects cancer behaviors. However, the role of C1GALT1 in NB tumors remains unclear. Our data showed that C1GALT1 expression was significantly associated with differentiated tumor histology, correlated with TrkA expression, and predicted good prognosis independently in NB. Downregulation of C1GALT1 promotes malignant behaviors of NB cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation showed that knockdown of C1GALT1 in NB cells increased TrkA pulled down through Vicia villosa agglutinin beads, indicating the modulation of O-glycans on TrkA by C1GALT1, and silencing C1GALT1 suppressed the TrkA expression on the NB cell surface. Overexpression of C1GALT1 increased the protein levels of TrkA and promoted the differentiation of NB cells, whereas knockdown of TrkA inhibited C1GALT1-induced neuronal differentiation. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of migration and invasion in C1GALT1-overexpressing NB cells were blocked by TrkA downregulation. C1GALT1 knockdown enhanced AKT phosphorylation but attenuated ERK phosphorylation, and these properties were consistent in C1GALT1-overexpressing NB cells with TrkA knockdown. Taken together, our data provided the first evidence for the existence of GalNAc-type O-glycans on TrkA and altered O-glycan structures by C1GALT1 can regulate TrkA signaling in NB cells. This study sheds light on the novel prognostic role of C1GALT1 in NB and provides new information of C1GALT1 and TrkA on the pathogenesis of NB.
Broad ultra-potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by monoclonal antibodies specific to the tip of RBD
Authors: Ma Hang , Guo Yingying , Tang Haoneng , Tseng Chien-Te K. , Wang Lei , Zong Huifang , Wang Zhenyu , He Yang , Chang Yunsong , Wang Shusheng , Huang Haiqiu , Ke Yong , Yuan Yunsheng , Wu Mingyuan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Drelich Aleksandra , Kempaiah Kempaiah Rayavara , Peng Bi-Hung , Wang Ailin , Yang Kaiyong , Yin Haiyang , Liu Junjun , Yue Yali , Xu Wenbo , Zhu Shuangli , Ji Tianjiao , Zhang Xiaoju , Wang Ziqi , Li Gang , Liu Guangchun , Song Jingjing , Mu Lingling , Xiang ZongShang , Song Zhangyi , Chen Hua , Bian Yanlin , Zhang Baohong , Chen Hui , Zhang Jiawei , Liao Yunji , Zhang Li , Yang Li , Chen Yi , Gilly John , Xiao Xiaodong , Han Lei , Jiang Hua , Xie Yueqing , Zhou Qiang , Zhu Jianwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) continue to wreak havoc across the globe. Higher transmissibility and immunologic resistance of VOCs bring unprecedented challenges to epidemic extinguishment. Here we describe a monoclonal antibody, 2G1, that neutralizes all current VOCs and has surprising tolerance to mutations adjacent to or within its interaction epitope. Cryo-electron microscopy structure showed that 2G1 bound to the tip of receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein with small contact interface but strong hydrophobic effect, which resulted in nanomolar to sub-nanomolar affinities to spike proteins. The epitope of 2G1 on RBD partially overlaps with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interface, which enables 2G1 to block interaction between RBD and ACE2. The narrow binding epitope but high affinity bestow outstanding therapeutic efficacy upon 2G1 that neutralized VOCs with sub-nanomolar half maximal inhibitory concentration in vitro. In SARS-CoV-2, Beta or Delta variant-challenged transgenic mice and rhesus macaque models, 2G1 protected animals from clinical illness and eliminated viral burden, without serious impact to animal safety. Mutagenesis experiments suggest that 2G1 is potentially capable of dealing with emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the future. This report characterized the therapeutic antibodies specific to the tip of spike against SARS-CoV-2 variants and highlights the potential clinical applications as well as for developing vaccine and cocktail therapy.