bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-world study assessing the impact of retinal fluid on visual acuity outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Korea
Authors: Kim Jae Hui , Sagong Min , Woo Se Joon , Kim Yu Cheol , Cho Heeyoon , Lee Young Hoon , Byon Iksoo , Jo Young Joon , Chin Hee Seung , Lee Youkyung , Chae Jae Eun , Kang Se Woong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the real-world treatment outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in Korea, focusing on retinal fluid resolution. This multi-institutional retrospective chart review study, analyzed medical records of patients with nAMD (age ≥ 50 years) who received their first anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in ophthalmology clinics across South Korea between January 2017 and March 2019. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with retinal fluid after 12 months of anti-VEGF treatment. The association between fluid-free period and VA gains was also evaluated. A total of 600 patients were enrolled. At baseline, 97.16% of patients had retinal fluid; after 12 months of anti-VEGF treatment, 58.10% of patients had persistent retinal fluid. VA improvements were relatively better in patients with absence of retinal fluid compared with presence of retinal fluid (+ 12.29 letters vs. + 6.45 letters at month 12; P < .0001). Longer duration of absence of retinal fluid over first 12 months correlated with better VA gains at month 12 (P < .01). More than half of the study patients with nAMD had retinal fluid even after 12 months of treatment with their current anti-VEGF. Presence of retinal fluid was associated with relatively worse VA outcomes.
Functional optimization of electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) using human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Ebrahim Abdul Shukkur , Ebrahim Thanzeela , Kani Hussein , Ibrahim Ahmed S. , Carion Thomas W. , Berger Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn intact epithelium is key to maintaining corneal integrity and barrier function which can lead to impaired ocular defense and sight-threatening opacity when compromised. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing or ECIS is a non-invasive method to measure real-time cellular behaviors including barrier function and cell migration. The current study uses ECIS technology to assess and optimize human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial cells to generate quantifiable measurements that accurately reflect changes in cell behavior in vitro. Five cell densities were assessed in two different media to determine the optimal conditions for monitoring of cellular behavior over time. Parameters of evaluation included: overall impedance (Z), barrier resistance (R), cell capacitance (C), and mathematical modeling of the R data to further generate Rb (the electrical resistance between HUCLs), α (the resistance between the HUCLs and the substrate), and Cm (the capacitance of the cell membrane) measurements. All parameters of assessment strongly indicated DMEM/F12 at 60,000 cells as the optimal condition for ECIS assessment of HUCLs. Furthermore, this work highlights the ability of the sensitive ECIS biosensor technology to comprehensively and quantitatively assess corneal epithelial cell structure and function and the importance of optimizing not only cell density, but choice of media used for in vitro culturing.
Evaluating contributions of urbanization and global climate change to urban land surface temperature change: a case study in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Guo Liying , Di Liping , Zhang Chen , Lin Li , Chen Fei , Molla Alamin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study develops a general method to evaluate the contributions of localized urbanization and global climate change to long-term urban land surface temperature (ULST) change. The method is based on the understanding that long-term annual ULST is controlled by three factors: (1) localized urbanization, (2) global climate change, and (3) interannual climate variation. Then the method removes the interannual climate fluctuations on long-term observed LST time series via linear regression and separates the contributions of urbanization and climate change to the impacts on long-term ULST via urban–rural comparison. The method is applied to Lagos, a fast-growing metropolis in the tropical West Africa, as an example for reference. Combined time-series daily daytime and nighttime MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) data over the years of 2003–2021 are used as the representation of land surface temperature. To avoid the potentioal interannual data biase due to uneven availability of data in the rainy seasons over years, only MODIS LST data from dry seasons are used in the study. The results are summarized as follows for Lagos: (1) long-term annual ULST is confirmed to be controlled by the three factors; (2) the proposed method can separate the contribution of the three factors to the ULST; (2) both localized urbanization and global warming are verified to contribute to the ULST increase with positive trends; (3) daytime ULST increased the most in the afternoon time at a mean rate of 1.429 °C per decade, with 0.985 °C (10 year)−1 contributed by urbanization and 0.444 °C (10 year)−1 contributed by climate warming; (4) nighttime ULST in Lagos increased the most after midnight at a rate of 0.563 °C (10 year)−1, with 0.56 °C (10 year)−1 contributed by urbanization and 0.003 °C (10 year)−1 contributed by climate warming; and (5) urbanization is generally responsible for around 60.97% of the urban warming in Lagos. Therefore, the increasing urbaniztion-induced urban heat island effect is the major cause for more heat-related health risks and climate extremes that many urban residents are suffering. The results of this study are of useful reference for both urbanization and climate change related issues in the geo-science field.
CNN-XGBoost fusion-based affective state recognition using EEG spectrogram image analysis
Authors: Khan Md. Sakib , Salsabil Nishat , Alam Md. Golam Rabiul , Dewan M. Ali Akber , Uddin Md. Zia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecognizing emotional state of human using brain signal is an active research domain with several open challenges. In this research, we propose a signal spectrogram image based CNN-XGBoost fusion method for recognising three dimensions of emotion, namely arousal (calm or excitement), valence (positive or negative feeling) and dominance (without control or empowered). We used a benchmark dataset called DREAMER where the EEG signals were collected from multiple stimulus along with self-evaluation ratings. In our proposed method, we first calculate the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) of the EEG signals and convert them into RGB images to obtain the spectrograms. Then we use a two dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in order to train the model on the spectrogram images and retrieve the features from the trained layer of the CNN using a dense layer of the neural network. We apply Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier on extracted CNN features to classify the signals into arousal, valence and dominance of human emotion. We compare our results with the feature fusion-based state-of-the-art approaches of emotion recognition. To do this, we applied various feature extraction techniques on the signals which include Fast Fourier Transformation, Discrete Cosine Transformation, Poincare, Power Spectral Density, Hjorth parameters and some statistical features. Additionally, we use Chi-square and Recursive Feature Elimination techniques to select the discriminative features. We form the feature vectors by applying feature level fusion, and apply Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifiers on the fused features to classify different emotion levels. The performance study shows that the proposed spectrogram image based CNN-XGBoost fusion method outperforms the feature fusion-based SVM and XGBoost methods. The proposed method obtained the accuracy of 99.712% for arousal, 99.770% for valence and 99.770% for dominance in human emotion detection.
Compression complexity with ordinal patterns for robust causal inference in irregularly sampled time series
Authors: Kathpalia Aditi , Manshour Pouya , Paluš Milan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDistinguishing cause from effect is a scientific challenge resisting solutions from mathematics, statistics, information theory and computer science. Compression-Complexity Causality (CCC) is a recently proposed interventional measure of causality, inspired by Wiener–Granger’s idea. It estimates causality based on change in dynamical compression-complexity (or compressibility) of the effect variable, given the cause variable. CCC works with minimal assumptions on given data and is robust to irregular-sampling, missing-data and finite-length effects. However, it only works for one-dimensional time series. We propose an ordinal pattern symbolization scheme to encode multidimensional patterns into one-dimensional symbolic sequences, and thus introduce the Permutation CCC (PCCC). We demonstrate that PCCC retains all advantages of the original CCC and can be applied to data from multidimensional systems with potentially unobserved variables which can be reconstructed using the embedding theorem. PCCC is tested on numerical simulations and applied to paleoclimate data characterized by irregular and uncertain sampling and limited numbers of samples.
Biocompatibility and colorectal anti-cancer activity study of nanosized BaTiO3 coated spinel ferrites
Authors: Alfareed Tahani M. , Slimani Yassine , Almessiere Munirah A. , Nawaz Muhammad , Khan Firdos A. , Baykal Abdulhadi , Al-Suhaimi Ebtesam A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the present work, different nanoparticles spinel ferrite series (MFe2O4, Co0.5M0.5Fe2O4; M = Co, Mn, Ni, Mg, Cu, or Zn) have been obtained via sonochemical approach. Then, sol–gel method was employed to design core–shell magnetoelectric nanocomposites by coating these nanoparticles with BaTiO3 (BTO). The structure and morphology of the prepared samples were examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and zeta potential. XRD analysis showed the presence of spinel ferrite and BTO phases without any trace of a secondary phase. Both phases crystallized in the cubic structure. SEM micrographs illustrated an agglomeration of spherical grains with nonuniformly diphase orientation and different degrees of agglomeration. Moreover, HR-TEM revealed interplanar d-spacing planes that are in good agreement with those of the spinel ferrite phase and BTO phase. These techniques along with EDX analyses confirmed the successful formation of the desired nanocomposites. Zeta potential was also investigated. The biological influence of (MFe2O4, CoMFe) MNPs and core–shell (MFe2O4@BTO, CoMFe@BTO) magnetoelectric nanocomposites were examined by MTT and DAPI assays. Post 48 h of treatments, the anticancer activity of MNPs and MENCs was investigated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) against the cytocompatibility of normal non-cancerous cells (HEK-293). It was established that MNPs possess anti-colon cancer capability while MENCs exhibited a recovery effect due to the presence of a protective biocompatible BTO layer. RBCs hemolytic effect of NPs has ranged from non- to low-hemolytic effect. This effect that could be attributed to the surface charge from zeta potential, also the CoMnFe possesses the stable and lowest zeta potential in comparison with CoFe2O4 and MnFe2O4 also to the protective effect of shell. These findings open up wide prospects for biomedical applications of MNPs as anticancer and MENCs as promising drug nanocarriers.
Multiple slip effects on time dependent axisymmetric flow of magnetized Carreau nanofluid and motile microorganisms
Authors: Faiz Muazzam , Habib Danial , Siddique Imran , Awrejcewicz Jan , Pawłowski Witold , Abdal Sohaib , Salamat Nadeem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis presented work investigate the bio-convections effects of the magnetized time dependent axisymmetric flow of Carreau-nanomaterial performances with multiple slip effects over a stretching sheet. The momentum, heat, concentration and density of motile micro-organism are renovated into the system of equation via using well known similarity revolution. Well known Mathematical computational techniques and software (i.e. bvp4c and MATLAB) are used to draw graphical and tabular results. Velocity profile equation $$f^{\prime}(\zeta )$$

f
′

(
ζ
)

, energy equation $$\theta (\zeta )$$

θ
(
ζ
)

, volumetric nanoparticles $$\phi \,(\zeta )$$

ϕ

(
ζ
)

, density motile microorganism $$\chi (\zeta )$$

χ
(
ζ
)

.The Carreau viscosity model is use to reduce the viscosity of fluid when $$W_{e} = 0\,\,\,$$

W
e

=
0

and $$\,n = 0$$

n
=
0

. Besides we moderate this into power law index with $$\,n = 0.5$$

n
=
0.5

and $$\,n = 1.5$$

n
=
1.5

partial slip condition of velocity is also instigated at the surface. Gravity dependent gyrotactic nanoparticles are utilized for well observing axisymmetric flow with convective boundary layer condition and comparatively better heat transfer rate result and applicable to maximum realistic approach.
Characterization of the unique oral microbiome of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Mitsuhata Chieko , Kado Nao , Hamada Masakazu , Nomura Ryota , Kozai Katsuyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDown syndrome creates an abnormal oral environment, including susceptibility to periodontal disease at a young age, but there are no detailed studies of the oral microbiome in children with Down syndrome. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the oral bacteria of 40 children with Down syndrome and 40 non-Down syndrome children. Microbial DNA was extracted from dental plaque specimens and the V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was analyzed using the MiSeq platform. There were significant differences between the Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome groups in mean numbers of operational taxonomic units, and α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Interestingly, significant differences in α- and β-diversity between the two groups were only observed in subjects with gingival inflammation, but not in those without gingival inflammation (P < 0.05). Taxonomic analysis at the genus or species levels showed significant differences in relative abundance levels of certain bacteria between the Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome groups, including Corynebacterium, Abiotrophia and Lautropia (P < 0.05). These results suggest that children with Down syndrome may have a unique oral microbiome that could impact the development of dental diseases common in people with the syndrome.
Inter-annual variation patterns in the carbon footprint of farmland ecosystems in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Guotong Qiao , Fei Chen , Na Wang , Dandan Zhang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarbon sequestration in farmland ecosystems is an important link in the world carbon cycle and plays an important role in regional carbon reduction. Guangdong, a major industrial and economic province in China, was used as the study area, and the period 2001–2020 was taken as the study period. The carbon emissions, sequestration, and footprint of farmland ecosystems in Guangdong were estimated using carbon emission factors for agricultural inputs that are closer to the actual situation in China. The study showed that: (1) Carbon average emissions from farmland in Guangdong during the study period was 3.7624 million t a−1, with a balanced overall trend of change, and that nitrogen fertilize applications was the main factor contributing to carbon emissions. (2) The carbon sink capacity of Guangdong farmland ecosystems showed an overall decreasing trend of 10.32%, with an average annual carbon sink of 19.0363 million t a−1. Paddy and sugar cane cultivations were the main factor of carbon sink in farmland. (3) The average annual carbon footprint of Guangdong's farmland ecosystems was 531,100 ha a−1, which was in a carbon surplus. Carbon surplus and footprint showed a decreasing trend year by year. The paper results provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of carbon emission reduction policies and industrial restructuring in Guangdong and provinces with the same industrial structure.
Long-term microglial phase-specific dynamics during single vessel occlusion and recanalization
Authors: Xie Xiaoke , Liu Xuanting , Zhu Jiazhu , Xu Yongxian , Li Xiaojing , Zheng Yameng , Gong Shangyue , Xiao Xiao , Chen Yiwen , Zhang Jianmin , Gong Wei , Si Ke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVascular occlusion leading to brain dysfunctions is usually considered evoking microglia-induced inflammation response. However, it remains unclear how microglia interact with blood vessels in the development of vascular occlusion-related brain disorders. Here, we illuminate long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia during single vessel occlusion and recanalization. Microglia display remarkable response characteristics in different phases, including acute reaction, rapid diffusion, transition and chronic effect. Fibrinogen-induced microglial cluster promotes major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) expression. Microglial soma represents a unique filament-shape migration and has slower motility compared to the immediate reaction of processes to occlusion. We capture proliferative microglia redistribute territory. Microglial cluster resolves gradually and microglia recover to resting state both in the morphology and function in the chronic effect phase. Therefore, our study offers a comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia and potential mechanisms to both vessel occlusion and recanalization. Microglial phase-specific response suggests the morphological feature-oriented phased intervention would be an attractive option for vascular occlusion-related diseases treatments.
Epithelial cells sacrifice excess area to preserve fluidity in response to external mechanical stress
Authors: Bodenschatz Jonathan F. E. , Ajmail Karim , Skamrahl Mark , Vache Marian , Gottwald Jannis , Nehls Stefan , Janshoff Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractViscoelastic properties of epithelial cells subject to shape changes were monitored by indentation-retraction/relaxation experiments. MDCK II cells cultured on extensible polydimethylsiloxane substrates were laterally stretched and, in response, displayed increased cortex contractility and loss of excess surface area. Thereby, the cells preserve their fluidity but inevitably become stiffer. We found similar behavior in demixed cell monolayers of ZO-1/2 double knock down (dKD) cells, cells exposed to different temperatures and after removal of cholesterol from the plasma membrane. Conversely, the mechanical response of single cells adhered onto differently sized patches displays no visible rheological change. Sacrificing excess surface area allows the cells to respond to mechanical challenges without losing their ability to flow. They gain a new degree of freedom that permits resolving the interdependence of fluidity β on stiffness $${K}_{{{{{{{{\rm{A}}}}}}}}}^{0}$$

K

A

0

. We also propose a model that permits to tell apart contributions from excess membrane area and excess cell surface area.
Non-linear machine learning models incorporating SNPs and PRS improve polygenic prediction in diverse human populations
Authors: Elgart Michael , Lyons Genevieve , Romero-Brufau Santiago , Kurniansyah Nuzulul , Brody Jennifer A. , Guo Xiuqing , Lin Henry J. , Raffield Laura , Gao Yan , Chen Han , de Vries Paul , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Lange Leslie A. , Peloso Gina M. , Fornage Myriam , Rotter Jerome I. , Rich Stephen S. , Morrison Alanna C. , Psaty Bruce M. , Levy Daniel , Redline Susan ,   the NHLBI’s Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, de Vries Paul , Sofer Tamar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) are commonly used to quantify the inherited susceptibility for a trait, yet they fail to account for non-linear and interaction effects between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We address this via a machine learning approach, validated in nine complex phenotypes in a multi-ancestry population. We use an ensemble method of SNP selection followed by gradient boosted trees (XGBoost) to allow for non-linearities and interaction effects. We compare our results to the standard, linear PRS model developed using PRSice, LDpred2, and lassosum2. Combining a PRS as a feature in an XGBoost model results in a relative increase in the percentage variance explained compared to the standard linear PRS model by 22% for height, 27% for HDL cholesterol, 43% for body mass index, 50% for sleep duration, 58% for systolic blood pressure, 64% for total cholesterol, 66% for triglycerides, 77% for LDL cholesterol, and 100% for diastolic blood pressure. Multi-ancestry trained models perform similarly to specific racial/ethnic group trained models and are consistently superior to the standard linear PRS models. This work demonstrates an effective method to account for non-linearities and interaction effects in genetics-based prediction models.
Targeted artificial ocean cooling to weaken tropical cyclones would be futile
Authors: Hlywiak James , Nolan David S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProposals to use technology to cool sea surface temperatures have received attention for the potential application of weakening a tropical cyclone ahead of landfall. Here, application of an ocean-mixing aware maximum potential intensity theory finds that artificial ocean cooling could drastically weaken tropical cyclones over high sea surface temperature and deep ocean mixed layer environments, especially for fast storm motion speeds. In contrast, realistic mesoscale numerical simulations reveal that massive regions - the largest evaluated here contains a volume of 2.1 × 104 km3 and a surface area of 2.6 × 105 km2 - of artificially cooled ocean waters could weaken a tropical cyclone two days before landfall by 15% but only under the most ideal atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Thus, the fundamental theory provides an unreachable upper-bound that cannot be attained even by expending vast resources.
The presence of plasmids in bacterial hosts alters phage isolation and infectivity
Authors: Ngiam Lyman , Weynberg Karen D , Guo Jianhua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes are often carried by plasmids, which spread intra- and inter genera bacterial populations, and also play a critical role in bacteria conferring phage resistance. However, it remains unknown about the influence of plasmids present in bacterial hosts on phage isolation and subsequent infectivity. In this study, using both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida bacteria containing different plasmids, eight phages were isolated and characterized in terms of phage morphology and host range analysis, in conjunction with DNA and protein sequencing. We found that plasmids can influence both the phage isolation process and phage infectivity. In particular, the isolated phages exhibited different phage plaquing infectivity towards the same bacterial species containing different plasmids. Furthermore, the presence of plasmids was found to alter the expression of bacteria membrane protein, which correlates with bacterial cell surface receptors recognized by phages, thus affecting phage isolation and infectivity. Given the diverse and ubiquitous nature of plasmids, our findings highlight the need to consider plasmids as factors that can influence both phage isolation and infectivity.
Tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy of two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2 with adsorbed 5d-transition metal
Authors: Yuan Miaojia , Tan Ruishan , Li Mengmeng , Jin Cui , Jing Tao , Sun Qilong 
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate the manipulation of magnetic property and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy in layered Fe3GeTe2 via the surface adsorption of W atom and applied biaxial strain.