bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Hilfiker James N. , Hong Nina , Schoeche Stefan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Mueller matrix is a mathematical description of how light is altered by an optical element or a sample under study. It describes both intensity (irradiance) and polarization changes, including a reduction of the total polarization. Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry has gained recent popularity in the optics and semiconductor communities as an effective means to characterize complex sample structures and anisotropic materials. While this method is not new, its recent expansion to new fields has left many users with only a pedestrian understanding of the data they collect. This tutorial provides an overview of Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry with focus on practical aspects for those new to the technique.
Modeling thixotropic break-down behavior of dense anaerobically digested sludge
Authors: Terashima Mitsuharu , Kotegawa Yoko , Sun Meng , Liu Bing , Yasui Hidenari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Mixing and homogenization in anaerobic digesters are affected by the flow curve of sludge. The aim of this study is to mathematically express the flow curve of dense anaerobically digested sludge behaving as thixotropic and pseudoplastic fluids. Time-dependent changes in two pseudoplastic parameters, i.e., consistency index (µ
p) and pseudoplastic index (n), by shear are modeled using a second-order kinetic equation with a coefficient that includes the power function of the shear strain rate. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental results. The kinetic parameters that yielded the ultimate values after shearing were associated with the sludge concentration, unlike the other kinetic parameters.
Research on real-time reachability evaluation for reentry vehicles based on fuzzy learning
Authors: Ma Hong , Xu Ke , Sun Shouming , Zhang Wei , Xi Tao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Accurate and rapid prediction of reentry trajectory and landing point is the basis to ensure the reentry vehicle recovery and rescue, but it has high requirements for the continuity and stability of real-time monitoring and positioning data and the fidelity of the reentry prediction model. In order to solve the above contradiction, based on the theory of relative entropy and closeness in fuzzy learning, research on real-time evaluation of reentry reachability is presented in this article. With the Monte Carlo analysis data during the design and evaluation of the reentry vehicle control system, the reentry trajectory feature information base is designed. With the matching identification decision strategy between the identified trajectory and trajectory feature base, the reachability of the reentry vehicle, reachable trajectory, and landing point can be predicted. The simulation results show that by reasonably selecting the time window and using the evaluation method designed in this article, making statistics of the trajectory sequence number and frequency identified based on relative entropy and closeness method, the reachability evaluation results can be given stably, which is suitable for the real-time task evaluation of TT&C system.
Adaptive Produktionsmittel für sich verändernde Bedingungen
Authors: Berndt Dirk , Sauer Steffen , Trostmann Erik , Haase Tina , Hauptvogel Matthias 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand der Forschungsarbeiten sind Produktionsmittel, die sich durch eine hohe Flexibilität und Adaptivität auszeichnen. Dabei werden Digitale Soll-Zwillinge von Produkt, Prozess, Sensoren und Produktionsmitteln benutzt, damit Arbeitsaufgaben auf Basis von Simulationen automatisiert geplant und optimiert werden können.
Ein breites Anwendungsfeld bietet die Montage hochwertiger Industriegüter. Charakteristisch sind hier die zunehmenden Produktvarianten bis zur Stückzahl eins. Das erfordert eine breite Vielfalt an Methoden und Technologien, die von menschengerecht gestalteten Assistenzsystemen in der manuellen und hybriden Montage bis hin zu vollautomatisierten Systemen reichen.
Simple green organic chemistry experiments with the kitchen microwave for high school chemistry classrooms
Authors: Linkwitz Michael , Zidny Robby , Nida Safwatun , Seeger Lea , Belova Nadja , Eilks Ingo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microwave systems have been used in organic chemistry since the late 1990s for applications including Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). The main advantages of microwave-assisted procedures compared to traditional synthesis methods are the 100- to 1000-fold increase in reaction speeds, higher yields, purer products, and less energy consumption. So far, only a few examples for integrating microwave-induced chemistry into high school chemistry classes have been proposed. This paper presents a set of experiments intended to provide insights into using microwave technology in the context of green, organic chemistry lessons in high school.
Attitudes and Perceptions about the 2020 Presidential Election and Turnout Intentions in the 2022 Midterms
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron , Panagopoulos Costas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The 2020 presidential election was unparalleled. President Donald Trump refused to commit to a peaceful transfer of power, indicated that he would not accept the election results, and alleged that there was widespread voter fraud. In addition, on January 6, 2021, Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol in an attempt to overturn his defeat. In this paper, our aim is to understand public perceptions about these topics. We are interested in the distribution of public opinion on these issues but also in whether and how perceptions of these topics are related to intentions to participate in the 2022 midterm elections. Using data from an original, nationally representative survey (n = 1350) conducted in February 2021, we find that those who support the peaceful transfer following the 2020 election are more likely to report intending to vote in 2022 than those who do not. In addition, those who approve of the January 6th attack on the Capitol are more inclined to vote in 2022 than their counterparts. These relationships hold even after controlling for key variables like previous turnout, partisanship, ideology, and demographics.
Reducing settlement of soft clay using different grouting materials
Authors: Al-Saidi Aamal A. , Al-Juari Khawla Ahmed Khalil , Fattah Mohammed Y. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Different injection material types were tried in the injection of soft clay, such as lime (L), silica fume (SF), and leycobond-h (LH). In this study, experiments were made to study the effect of injection on soft clay consolidation settlement. A sample of natural soft clayey soil was investigated in the laboratory and the sample was injected with each of the grout materials used, L, SF, L + SF, and L + SF + LH. A 20 cm3 of each slurry grout was conducted into the soil, which was compacted in California Bearing Ratio (CBR) mold and cured for 7 days, and then the sample was loaded to 80 N load by a circular steel footing 60 mm in diameter. The settlement was recorded. The sample of each slurry grout, which provided minimum settlement, was chosen (L + SF + LH). To reduce soft clay settlement before and after footing construction, four cases were investigated. The impact of injection hole spacing and grout depth was studied. It was discovered that injecting a slurry of (L + SF + LH) into the soft clay beneath or surrounding the footing increased bearing capacity by 5–88%. Due to the shape of shear failure of the soft clay around the footing, grouting near the footing at a distance of 0.5 diameter of the footing is more effective than grouting at a distance of 1.0 diameter of the footing, and grouting near the footing at a distance of 0.5 diameter of the footing is more effective than grouting at a distance of 1.0 diameter of the footing.
Tò Hellenikón, lo stesso sangue e la stessa lingua (VIII, 144). Erodoto e la costruzione dell’identità greca
Authors: Ingarao Giovanni 
Published: June 2022

RiasssuntoNell’ottavo libro delle Storie, gli Ateniesi danno una celebre definizione diHellenikónche fornisce molti spunti di riflessione. Di fronte al timore degli Spartani di un loro possibile tradimento a favore dei Persiani, essi rispondono che non farebbero mai una cosa simile perché i Greci hanno lo stesso sangue, parlano la stessa lingua e venerano gli stessi dèi. Siamo di fronte ad una delle più antiche ed efficaci definizioni di comunità dal punto di vista identitario che presenta però al contempo alcune tracce di ambiguità. Erodoto fornisce, infatti, un quadro molto problematico del mondo greco del V secolo in cui spesso le città appaiono interessate maggiormente alla difesa dei loro interessi, piuttosto che al sostegno degli alleati. Lo scopo di questo contributo è comprendere fino a che punto per Erodoto, che visse almeno in parte la violenza fratricida della Guerra del Peloponneso, esistesse la ‘Grecità’ e quanto questa idea fosse rilevante in un periodo di così grave divisione per il mondo ellenico.
Surface engineering of chromium films for augmenting bird striking performance of jet engine blades
Authors: Velu Kaliyannan Gobinath , Gunasekaran Raja , Balasubramaniam Meenakshipriya , Ayyanvalasu Theivasamy Anand , Karunakaran Krupha Shankar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One of the most hazardous accidents in jet engine is striking of bird into the engine blades during flight. The collision of bird leads to high deformation of blades and other elements which leads to malfunction of jet engine. In recent times, the analysis of bird strike was performed using numerical calculations and software simulations. These tests have to be implemented in the design stage of jet engine. The present research focuses on developing W–Cr (tungsten–chromium) coated jet engine blades as alternate for existing Ti–Ni (titanium–nickel) coated blades. The surface morphology and microstructure of W–Cr were studied using HRTEM. The hardness test was performed to predict material properties such as wear, strength and ductility. The microstructure of W–Cr was analysed using FESEM. In the bird strike analysis, the contact between blade and bird was considered as the important phenomenon.
Analysis of ply-wise failure of composite laminates with open holes
Authors: Daricik Fatih 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composite materials may contain open holes according to the needs of service conditions. This research aims to determine the effect of the shape and size of the open-holes on the compressive strength of the carbon fiber/epoxy laminated composite material. The mechanical properties and the open-hole compressive failure of the laminate were introduced first. The experimental study was simulated with Finite element analysis and the difference between the experimental and numerical methods used to determine the compressive strength were compared. The results showed that the failure starts with matrix shear failure at the interface between the consecutive plies that have the greatest angle difference in fiber directions. The angle difference between the load and the reinforcement fibers is also important in determining the interface where the damage occurs. In terms of compressive strength, the shape and orientation of the holes are at least as important as the size of the holes.
Low-speed impact behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer-based glass, carbon, and glass/carbon hybrid composites
Authors: Saylık Ahmet , Temiz Şemsettin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Impact is defined as an instantaneous external force applied to a material or structure at low, medium, and high speeds over a very short period of time. In this study, we investigate the impact behavior of glass-epoxy composite (GFRP), carbon-epoxy composite (CFRP), and glass/carbon-epoxy hybrid composite (GCFRP) samples subjected to low-velocity impact testing with varying impact energy levels. Composite plates of 330 × 330 mm2 consisting of eight layers were prepared using the VARTM method for impact experiments. Each composite type was tested with impact energy values of 10, 20, 30, and 40 J and their impact behaviors were examined. It was observed that as impact energy increased, the maximum force and the collapse values increased as well. The GFRP composite samples had the highest impact strength, while the GCFRP hybrid composite samples had poorer impact resistance compared to the GFRP composites and better impact resistance compared to the CFRP composites.
Slavic languages – “SVO” languages without SVO qualities?
Authors: Haider Hubert , Szucsich Luka 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSlavic languages are commonly classified as SVO languages, with an exceptional property, though, namely an atypically extensive variability of word order. A systematic comparison of Slavic languages with uncontroversial SVO languages reveals, however, that exceptional properties are the rule. Slavic languages are ‘exceptional’ in so many syntactic respects that SVO appears to be a typological misnomer. This fact invites a fresh look. Upon closer scrutiny, it turns out that these languages are not exceptional, but regular members of a different type. They are representative of a yet unrecognised type of clause structure organisation. The dichotomy of ‘head-final’ and ‘head-initial’ does not exhaustively cover the system space of the make-up of phrases. In addition, there arguably exists a third option (T3). This is the type of phrasal architecture in which the head of the verb phrase is directionally unconstrained. It may precede, as in VO, it may follow, as in OV, and it may be sandwiched by its arguments within the phrase. From this viewpoint, the Slavic languages cease to be exceptional. They are regular representatives of the latter type, and, crucially, their collateral syntactic properties predictably match the properties of this type.
Automatisierte Wertstrommethode unter Nutzung von Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Langlotz Pascal , Klar Matthias , Glatt Moritz , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Zur Reduzierung der Kosten und Verschwendungen eines produzierenden Unternehmens ist der Einsatz der Wertstrommethode ein etabliertes Werkzeug, das jedoch bislang oftmals hohe manuelle Aufwände erfordert. Durch die flächendeckende Implementierung von digitalen Technologien der Industrie 4.0 in Produktionssystemen und der damit einhergehenden Sammlung von Daten steht für die Durchführung der Wertstrommethode eine Vielzahl an Informationen zur Verfügung. Die Generierung des Wertstromdesigns, die größtenteils durch Workshop-Gruppen ausgeführt wird, kann durch das Reinforcement Learning hinsichtlich der Lösungsqualität und der Erstellungszeit verbessert werden. Ein solches Konzept wird in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt. Hierbei finden sowohl die gesammelten Daten als auch die Expertise der Mitarbeitenden Berücksichtigung.
Agil lernen in der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Korge Gabriele , Fehrle Anna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Um die Potenziale von Digitalisierungstechnologien auszuschöpfen, sind zunehmend auch Fachkräfte gefordert, an der Ausgestaltung und Implementierung neuer digitaler Lösungen mitzuwirken. Am Fallbeispiel der kaufmännischen Sachbearbeitung wird beschrieben, wie sich der diesbezügliche Lernbedarf darstellt und wie das agile Sprintlernen ausgestaltet werden kann, um die Fachkräfte auf ihre neuen Aufgaben vorzubereiten und sie zur Mitwirkung in der digitalen Transformation zu motivieren.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Engineering
Authors: Kharatyan Aschot , Humpert Lynn , Anacker Harald , Dumitrescu Roman , Wäschle Moritz , Albers Albert , Horstmeyer Sarah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Künstliche Intelligenz bietet großes Potenzial im Engineering. Der Einsatz gestattet insbesondere für Wissensarbeiter eine effiziente Arbeitsteilung, in der beispielsweise fehleranfällige und repetitive Aktivitäten unterstützt werden. Eine erfolgreiche Einführung bedarf einer vorangehenden Analyse von nutzenstiftenden Einsatzpotenzialen, bei der alle Anwendenden frühzeitig einbezogen werden. Der folgende Beitrag verdeutlicht dieses Vorgehen anhand eines realen Beispiels im Sondermaschinenbau.
Lower-Body Resistance Training Reduces Interleukin-1β and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Levels and Fatigue and Increases Physical Performance in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Martins Fernanda Maria , Santagnello Samarita Beraldo , de Oliveira Junior Gersiel Nascimento , de Sousa Jairo de Freitas Rodrigues , Michelin Márcia Antoniazi , Nomelini Rosekeila Simões , Murta Eddie Fernando Candido , Orsatti Fábio Lera 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Martins, FM, Santagnello, SB, de Oliveira Junior, GN, de Sousa, JdFR, Michelin, MA, Nomelini, RS, Murta, EFC, and Orsatti, FL. Lower-body resistance training reduces interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β1 levels and fatigue and increases physical performance in breast cancer survivors. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 439–451, 2023—This article ascertains whether resistance training (RT) improves inflammatory markers, fatigue (sensations and fatigability), and physical performance in breast cancer survivors (BCS) and investigates whether the changes in the inflammatory markers, fatigue, and physical performance are associated with each other. Volunteers were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 11) and RT group (n = 11). Resistance training (3 sets of 8–12 repetitions with 80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) on 4 exercises—leg extension, leg curl, 45° leg press, and calf raise) was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Self-reported fatigue (SRF), fatigability (critical torque [CT] and W prime [W′]), muscle strength, and circulating inflammatory markers were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory, iDXA, 1RM test, protocol of 60 maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Resistance training reduced interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and SRF score and increased muscle strength, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), CT, and W′. In the RT group, the changes in SRF were positively associated with the changes in IL-1β. The changes in muscle strength were associated with the changes in CT and W′, and the changes in the 6MWT were associated with the changes in CT, W′, muscle strength, and SRF. Resistance training improved fatigue and physical performance and reduced IL-1β, and TGF-β1 in BCS. Although improvement in fatigability seems to be dependent on the increase in muscle strength, improvement in the sensation of fatigue seems to be dependent on the reduction in IL-1β after RT. Increase in physical performance seems to be dependent on improvement in muscle strength and fatigue.
Strength Training in Climbing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Langer Kaja , Simon Christian , Wiemeyer Josef 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Langer, K, Simon, C, and Wiemeyer, J. Strength training in climbing: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 751–767, 2023—The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the state of research on strength training in climbing and to answer the question how climbing performance, maximum grip strength, upper-limb strength endurance, maximum upper-limb strength, and upper-limb power as dependent variables are affected by different types of training. Moreover, we addressed the question which training methods and training parameters are most effective in increasing climbing and bouldering performance. Searches of MEDLINE (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were conducted for studies that met the following criteria: (a) examining effects of training on at least one of the dependent variables, (b) controlled longitudinal design with pretest and posttest, and (c) detailed information on training parameters and subjects. Twelve studies were included into the review. The quality of the studies was rated according to the PEDro scale, and the training interventions were classified according to training method (maximum strength [MS], hypertrophy [HYP], and endurance [END]), specificity (specific, semispecific, and unspecific), and static or dynamic exercises. For 9 of the 12 studies, effect sizes were calculated and the treatments compared. The results showed (a) positive effects of strength training on all variables, (b) a trend toward a mixture of MS and HYP or END training, (c) a trend toward semispecific exercise, and (d) similar effects for dynamic and static exercise with a trend toward a mixture of both. Coaches and athletes are recommended to combine static and dynamic semispecific exercises in a HYP and MS or END training.
Сelebrating Scientific Acheivements of Scientists - Milestone Celebrators and Scientific Potential of the Ukrainian Studies
Authors: Kononenko Vitaly 
Published: June 2022

There exists an ongoing tradition to celebrate milestone birthdays and other important anniversaries of famous scientists, who have devoted decades of their lives to fruitful scientific work. The tradition is an old one and can be traced back to the medieval Europe. Primarily, a celebration like that is held not only to glorify the birthday person as a scientist, but also to summarize their work in a particular field of scientific knowledge; it is an event open for discussions and exchange of views. Events of this kind provide young researchers with an opportunity to prove themselves to famous men of science, whose students and followers they are. We can mention the anniversary events organized to celebrate achievement of some of the prominent figures of the Ukrainian science. The list includes Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Volodymyr Vernadsky, Danylo Zabolotny, Yuriy Kondratiuk, Yevhen Paton, and other renowned personalities, whose anniversaries and milestones have been accompanied by scientific conferences, symposiums, monographs and other scientific publications.
Machine Learning Prediction Models for Neurodevelopmental Outcome After Preterm Birth: A Scoping Review and New Machine Learning Evaluation Framework
Authors: van Boven Menne R. , Henke Celina E. , Leemhuis Aleid G. , Hoogendoorn Mark , van Kaam Anton H. , Königs Marsh , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Outcome prediction of preterm birth is important for neonatal care, yet prediction performance using conventional statistical models remains insufficient. Machine learning has a high potential for complex outcome prediction. In this scoping review, we provide an overview of the current applications of machine learning models in the prediction of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants, assess the quality of the developed models, and provide guidance for future application of machine learning models to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants.

METHODS
A systematic search was performed using PubMed. Studies were included if they reported on neurodevelopmental outcome prediction in preterm infants using predictors from the neonatal period and applying machine learning techniques. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by 2 reviewers.

RESULTS
Fourteen studies were included, focusing mainly on very or extreme preterm infants, predicting neurodevelopmental outcome before age 3 years, and mostly assessing outcomes using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Predictors were most often based on MRI. The most prevalent machine learning techniques included linear regression and neural networks. None of the studies met all newly developed quality assessment criteria. Studies least prone to inflated performance showed promising results, with areas under the curve up to 0.86 for classification and R2 values up to 91% in continuous prediction. A limitation was that only 1 data source was used for the literature search.

CONCLUSIONS
Studies least prone to inflated prediction results are the most promising. The provided evaluation framework may contribute to improved quality of future machine learning models.