bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Temperature on Flowering of Alstroemeria ‘Regina’1
Authors: Healy W. E. , Wilkins H. F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
When Alstroemeria ‘Regina’ plants were programmed to flower after 6 or 8 weeks at 5°C treatments, flowering was hastened by forcing plants at 18° vs. 13° greenhouse night air temperature. However, the 18° forcing temperature reduced flower production, flowers per shoot and shoot grade when compared to 13° forcing temperatures. Due to the decrease in flower production observed at 18° forcing temperature, a 13° temperature is recommended. When plants were grown for 16 weeks at 13°, an inductive temperature, or for 16 weeks at 21°, a non-inductive temperature, prior to the 5° inductive treatments, the 13° pretreatment without a 5° treatment was as effective as 8 weeks at 5° following the initial 21° pretreatment when forced at 18°. Thus, the cold requirement can be fulfilled either at 5° for a short period of time (6 to 8 weeks) or at 13° over an extended time span (16 weeks). Total shoot production during the flowering span decreased as the duration of the 5° treatment increased.
Effects of Initial Oxygen Stress Treatments in Low Oxygen Modified Atmosphere Storage of ‘Granny Smith’ Apples1
Authors: Little C. R. , Faragher J. D. , Taylor H. J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
‘Granny Smith’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) harvested over 7 weeks were not affected by alcoholic taints and were firmer, greener and less susceptible to scald and core flush following storage in 1.0% CO2 and 1.5% O2 (1.0:1.5) at −0.5°C as compared to present commercial modified atmosphere (MA) storage at 3.5% CO2:3.5% O2. Storage response was optimized by harvesting fruit with a starch-iodine maturity index of 5 to 6. With lower starch-iodine indices the incidence of core flush was increased, and at higher indices the potential for scald development increased substantially. Exposure of fruit to an initial O2 stress at or below 0.5% for 9 days gave additional benefits in scald control, fruit firmness and color over continuous storage at 1.0:1.5. If O2 was totally excluded by a 14-day treatment with continuous flow-through of O2-free nitrogen, core flush and alcoholic tainting increased, but scald decreased. Core flush following initial flow-through nitrogen treatments was also significantly increased by the effect of postharvest diphenylamine calcium chloride treatment or by an increase in storage temperature from 0° to 4°.
Effect of Fungicides, Herbicides and Combinations on Root Growth of Cotton1
Authors: Kappelman A. J. , Buchanan G. A. , Lund Z. F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe studied the effect of soil‐applied herbicides and fungicides on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) root growth under ambient greenhouse conditions. Root growth of cotton was not affected by soil treatment with the fungicides 1‐Chloro‐2‐Nitropropane (Lanstan)3 or Pentachloronitrobenzen+ e 5‐Ethoxy‐3‐trichloromethyl‐l‐l‐l,2,4‐thiadiazole (Terraclor Super X)3. Trifluralin (α,α,α, trifluoro‐ 2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐p‐toluidine) applied at 0.84 kg/ha did not affect cotton roots when applied preplant and incorporated; however, the higher rate (1.68 kg/ha) significantly reduced total root growth. Fluometuron [l,l‐dimethyl‐3‐(α,α,α,‐trifluoro‐m‐tolyl)urea] was not injurious to cotton at the rate evaluated. Root growth of cotton was significantly reduced by treatment with 3.36 kg/ha of prometryne [2‐4‐bis(isopropylamino)‐6‐(methylthio)‐s‐triazine] applied as a preemergence spray. There were no significant interactions between fungicides and herbicides; however, interaction as evidenced by a reduction in total growth did occur between trifluralin and prometryne. Based on pesticides evaluated in this series of experiments, deleterious interactions as have been reported by other researchers to occur between herbicides and insecticides do not occur.
Thatch Accumulation in Bermudagrass Turf in Relation to Management1
Authors: Meinhold V. H. , Duble R. L. , Weaver R. W. , Holt E. C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThatch accumulation and decomposition in a ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] putting green was studied in relation to fertility, fungicides, and clipping management. The effects of these practices were evaluated by measuring total thatch accumulation, lignin content of thatch, and soil microbial activity.Two sources of N, (NH4)2SO4 and activated sewage sludge (Milorganite), were applied at rates 0.25 and 0.75 kg/100 m2 every 2 weeks. Potassium was applied at two rates, 0 and 0.75 kg/100 m2, to each N treatment at 4‐week intervals. Fungicide treatments consisted of 0.18 kg/100 m2 of Manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (Fore) and 0.12 kg/100 m2 of Tetramethythiuram disulfide (Tersan OM) applied alternately at 2‐week intervals. For the clipping management treatments, grass clippings were collected from some plots and left on others during each mowing.The high level of N increased thatch accumulation 30% and lignin content 15% and decreased microbial activity 6% as compared to the low level of N. The Milorganite treatments decreased thatch accumulation and lignin 12% and increased microbial activity 3% as compared to the (NH4)2SO4 treatments. Differences may largely explained by influence of N on growth rates. Application of K had no influence on any of the parameters measured. Fungicide treatments decreased thatch accumulation 16% and lignin content 20% and increased microbial activity 30%; these treatments may have inhibited plant growth. Clipping residue treatments increased lignin 7% and decreased microbial activity 7% as compared to a control. This study suggests that the use of a slow‐release N fertilizer applied at a level that maintains acceptable aesthetic turf quality may reduce thatch accumulation, whereas high rates of soluble N fertilizers accelerate thatch accumulation.
A Portable Chamber for Rapid Evapotranspiration Measurements on Field Plots1
Authors: Reicosky D. C. , Peters D. B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increased importance of water‐use efficiency in agricultural production has prompted the need for new techniques to measure evapotranspiration (ET) on field plots to evaluate the effects of new soil and water management practices on plant‐water use and stress. This note describes the design and performance of an inexpensive, portable chamber for rapid field measurement of ET. This chamber was constructed from aluminum conduit covered with Mylar film and mounted on a farm tractor for portability. The air within the chamber was mixed continuously with four strategically located fans. The ET rate was calculated from the air and wet‐bulb temperatures of a thermistor psychrometer before the chamber was lowered on the plot and 1 min later. The psychrometer's accuracy was checked by measuring the transpiration from a solution‐absorption system that accurately measured the change in solution level using an LVDT‐float system. When microclimatological conditions were changing slowly, transpiration was assumed to be equal to the absorption. The high correlation between measured absorption and transpiration rates indicated reasonable accuracy. The chamber's accuracy and rapidity of the measurement, portability, and relatively low cost makes it a useful tool in measuring ET under field conditions.
Timing Nitrogen Application to Enhance Spring Wheat Yields in a Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Mossedaq F. , Smith D. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInformation on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to variation in timing of N fertilizer application is lacking. Our objective was to determine the response of autumn‐sown spring wheat in a typical Mediterranean climate to application of N at selected stages of development. For two growing seasons and two cultivars, N fertilizer was applied at 0 kg N ha−1 or a seasonal total of 120 kg ha−1 in split applications, starting with 40 kg N ha−1 at floral initiation; the remainder was applied (i) at the onset of stem elongation, (ii) at anthesis, or (iii) in equal parts at the two stages. During both seasons, total dry matter and grain yields of the two cultivars were increased by N application. The greatest response occurred when the final increment of N was applied just prior to stem elongation; the lowest responses occurred when N was withheld at the onset of stem elongation and the final increment was applied at anthesis. Increases in grain yields caused by N application were associated with increased kernel number production per unit area. The kernel number response was accounted for by increased numbers of spikes produced per unit area, increased kernel numbers per spike, or both. Spring wheats grown under these conditions responded to variation in timing of N application in a manner similar to that observed in winter wheats in continental climates. The response to N fertilization was maximized with application just prior to the stage of growth when N demand by the crop was greatest.
Water Flux Below the Root Zone vs. Irrigation Amount in Drip‐Irrigated Corn
Authors: Darusman  , Khan Akhter H. , Stone Loyd R. , Spurgeon William E. , Lamm Freddie R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith increasing demands on water resources, greater efficiency is needed in irrigated agriculture. Internal drainage from the root zone is a loss that can be reduced or managed to improve irrigation efficiency. Our objective was to determine the relationship between seasonal water flux below the root zone (1.5 m) and irrigation amount with corn (Zea mays L.). Subsurface drip irrigation systems near Colby and Holcomb, KS, were used to supply water. Driplines were buried at a soil depth of 0.40 to 0.45 m, with a spacing of 1.5 m. The two soils are deep silt Ioams that formed in loess. Water flux at the 1.5‐m soil depth was determined in four irrigation treatments during 1990 and 1991. Tensiometers were placed at soil depths of 1.4 and 1.7 m and at distances from the dripline of 0, 0.4, and 0.8 m. Water flux was calculated using predetermined hydraulic conductivity vs. matric potential (Ψm) relationships, Ψm data from tensiometers within the corn plots, and Darcy's equation of water flow. Irrigation was applied to four treatment such that irrigation plus rain equaled 125, 100, 75, and 50% of calculated corn evapotranspiration (ET). From a regression analysis relating integrated water flux below the root zone (1.5 m) and in‐season irrigation, net upward water flux occurred with in‐season irrigation < 296 mm (RMSE = 71 mm), whereas net downward water flux occurred with irrigation > 296 mm. Compared with the 100% ET treatment (full irrigation), the 75% ET treatment had 76% of the in‐season irrigation, 25% of the in‐season water flux (net downward) below the root zone (1.5 m), and 93% of the corn grain yield. Near‐maximum corn grain yields can be obtained with significant decreases in irrigation amount and internal drainage from the root zone compared with full irrigation.
Change patterns of precipitation anomalies and possible teleconnections with large-scale climate oscillations over the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhao Yan , Wu Yanjuan , Gao Chao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In view of the key factor in regional hydrological processes and water resource management, the temporal patterns of precipitation anomalies and oscillations were detected by the Quantile Perturbation Method (QPM) and the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) Method, and the spatial patterns were identified using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Method. In addition, the teleconnections and lagged influence with large-scale climate oscillations in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China from 1957 to 2016 were also analyzed. Results showed that, temporally, the main oscillations of precipitation were all found to be 2, 7–11 and 3–4 years in the annual and seasonal scales. Precipitation quantiles are subject to strong temporal oscillations at (multi-)decadal time scales, with high and low anomalies at specific periods. Spatially, the whole region could be divided into two main sub-regions in annual and seasonal scales, respectively. Among the selected large-scale climate oscillations in this study, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has a stronger influence on precipitation in March, July and September, but significant correlations were detected in more than 18% of the total stations. These stations were mainly in the southeast regions. The North Pacific index (NP) controlled the precipitation in February (13.95% of the total stations) and October (37.21% of the total stations) in the north region. Generally, the indicators of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Oceanic Niño 4 SST Index (ONI) had the strongest influence in regional precipitation variations, but significant correlations were detected in more than 20% of the total stations in March, September, October and November. Also, large-scale climate oscillations have a delayed way on precipitation. Among the oscillations, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) showed that significant cross-correlations on precipitation were 0 and 3–5 months, respectively. NP showed significant cross-correlations with precipitation in many stations when the lag time was 0–3 months. Generally, the PDO, SOI and ONI have a greater influence in the south region, mainly with the lag time of 0–3, 2–3 and 1–5 months, respectively. The results will provide a basis for taking relevant measures to deal with problems of meteorological disaster and water supplement under climate change.
Need to educate farmers about the benefits of using treated wastewater for agriculture
Authors: Baanu B. Bharani , Babu K. S. Jinesh , Baskaran Anuradha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTreated wastewater (TWW) reuse is one of the strategic options for preserving available freshwater resources and ensuring sustainability. The success of any utility project is centered on public acceptance and utilization. A questionnaire is randomly distributed to 397 farmers to study the willingness to use TWW reuse for agriculture and pay for the reuse. The socio-economic profile of the farmers, satisfaction of water supply, and agricultural factors are considered as the influential parameters. Descriptive analysis, χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U test, and binary logistic method are used for statistical analysis. The analyses reveal that more than 90% of the farmers have willingness to use TWW due to water scarcity. However, most of them are unwilling to pay for the reuse due to their straitened economic conditions. The physicochemical characteristics of the TWW from a wastewater treatment plant are analyzed and possible reductions in the application of fertilizer quantity and cost are quantified. An attempt to improve the percentage of willingness to pay for the TWW reuse is made by detailing the economic benefits of TWW reuse. A significant percentage of the farmers who were initially opposed to paying for the TWW reuse have budged to pay for TWW at a subsidized cost.
Enzymatic Strategies for the Preparation of Pharmaceutically Important
Amino Acids through Hydrolysis of Amino Carboxylic Esters
and Lactams
Authors: Forró Enikő , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
The most relevant lipase-catalyzed strategies for the synthesis of pharmaceutically
important cyclic and acyclic α-, β- and γ-amino carboxylic acid enantiomers through
hydrolysis of the corresponding amino carboxylic esters and lactams, over the last decade
are overviewed. A brief Introduction part deals with the importance and synthesis of enantiomeric
amino acids, and formulates the objectives of the actual work. The strategies are
presented in the Main Text, in chronological order, classified as kinetic, dynamic kinetic
and sequential kinetic resolution. Mechanistic information of the enzymatic transformations
is also available at the end of this overview. The pharmacological importance of
the enantiomeric amino acids is given next to their synthesis, in the Main Text, and it is
also illustrated in the Conclusions and Outlook sections.
Crosstalk between Exosomes and CAFs During Tumorigenesis, Exosomederived
Biomarkers, and Exosome-mediated Drug Delivery
Authors: Li Xian , Wu Xinlin , Su Xiulan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:
Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) originate from the activation of fibroblasts in the
Tumor Microenvironment (TME) during tumorigenesis, resulting in the promotion of tumor growth,
metabolism, and metastasis. Exosomes, which can locally or remotely transfer miRNAs, lncRNAs,
proteins, metabolites, and other substances to other cells, have a size and range distribution of 30 to
150 nm and have been described as new particles that mediate communication among neighboring
and/or distant cells. Exosomes have regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment that are different
from those in the tumor cells, including mediating the regulation of tumor progression, delivery
of miRNAs involved in reprogramming Normal Fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs, and the modulation of
tumor initiation and metastasis. Exosomes can be useful biomarkers of the tumor microenvironment
and for the therapy and diagnosis of different diseases. Relevant interactions with cancer cells reprogram
NFs into CAFs or allow cell-to-cell communication between CAFs and cancer cells. Several
researchers have started exploring the precise molecular mechanisms related to exosome secretion,
uptake, composition, and corresponding functions of their "cargo." However, little is known about
the processes by which exosomes affect cancer behavior and their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers
for cancer treatment. Therefore, the crosstalk between CAFs and exosomes during tumorigenesis
and the effects of exosomes as biomarkers and drug carriers for therapy are discussed in this
review.
Plant Extracts and Phytochemicals, a Promising Strategy Against
Oral Lichen Planus: A Review on Clinical Trials
Authors: Gupta Swati , Nath Lekshmi R. , Mangalathillam Sabitha 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease that distress
keratinized cells of the oral epithelium. Topical corticosteroids and other potential therapies
like immunosuppressives, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, mycophenolate, dapsone,
retinoids, biologic agents are used for the management of OLP. However, their effectiveness,
best dose, duration of treatment and safety remain mostly unidentified. Moreover,
recurrence of disease and dose-related side effects are the other issues.

Objective:
The primary objective of the review is to explore the existing clinical trials for
the efficacy of phytochemicals in treating OLP in comparison to corticosteroids. A comprehensive
information about their mode of action is also discussed.

Method:
We have discussed different clinical trials conducted on various phytochemicals
and plant extracts/formulations like curcumin, lycopene, quercetin, glycyrrhizin, purslane,
raspberry, aloe vera gel and aloe vera mouthwash for the treatment of OLP.

Result:
The current therapy for the management of OLP has numerous adverse effects and
requires a long-term treatment. Phytochemicals can be a very good alternative in overcoming
these side effects and reducing the course of treatment.

Conclusion:
Herbal extracts and their formulations can be an effective alternative to the
current therapy due to their proven therapeutic effects, reduced side effects, long-term applicability,
prevention of recurrence as well as progression into cancer.
Gap Analysis: Quality and Women's Satisfaction Regarding Postnatal Care
Authors: Al-Hussainy Rehab Hussain , Fouly Howieda , Abou Hashish Ebtsam Aly 
Published: July 2022

Background:Improving the quality of maternal health is one of the eight major developmental goals of the World Health Organization. Women's satisfaction with maternity healthcare services is a crucial indicator of quality health care.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the gap between the quality of maternity care and women's satisfaction with postnatal care.Methods:This study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The sample size was 300 postpartum Saudi women. The data were collected from the postnatal care unit at the King Khalid Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, The study used the SERVQUAL and Postnatal Satisfaction with Nursing Care Questionnaires to measure the studied variables.Results:Themean ± SD(3.73 ± 0.466) of women perceived that the provided care was of high quality and themean ±SD(3.20±0.511) of women's satisfaction with postnatal care was moderate. The gap between expected and perceived quality of maternity care was reported to be -1.27. There is a significant positive relationship between the quality of maternity care and women's satisfaction.Conclusion:The study concluded that the participants were generally satisfied with the postnatal care and overall maternity care provided in the King Khalid Hospital. However, they showed the desire to get more empathetic care. Patients' satisfaction should be evaluated periodically to establish baseline data and provide postnatal care interventions tailored to women's expectations. There is a need to increase training for enhancing healthcare providers' empathetic and communication skills to improve the relationship between the staff and women.
Persepsi Petani dalam Mendukung Smart-Eco Bioproduction di Desa Sumber Agung Kecamatan Jetis Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Wastutiningsih Sri Peni , Rochim Rani Nur , Zahroh Fauhatuz , Kurniawan Akbar , Alzuhdy Zulfa Parulian , Maulida Yuhan Farah 
Published: July 2022

<p>Budidaya pertanian yang minim input dan dijalankan oleh sumber daya manusia dengan kualitas yang lemah akan semakin membebani sektor pertanian sehingga perlu pengembangan budidaya pertanian yang lebih efisien, produktif namun tetap ramah lingkungan (<em>smart-eco bioproduction</em>). Implementasi pertanian cerdas ramah lingkungan seperti yang menjadi tujuan <em>smart-eco bioproduction </em>diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani serta menjaga lingkungan tetap lestari<em>. </em>Persepsi petani akan konsep serta kesiapan dalam implementasi <em>smart-eco bioproduction</em> sangat penting untuk diteliti karena adanya persepsi secara tidak langsung akan mendasari petani untuk menentukan sikap untuk melakukan teknik budidaya pertanian cerdas ramah lingkungan atau tidak.<em> </em>Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Jetis, Kabupaten Bantul, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui 1) Persepsi petani terhadap konsep <em>smart-eco bioproduction</em>; dan 2) persepsi petani terhadap kesiapan pemerintah dalam mengimplementasikan <em>smart-eco bioproduction</em>. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Teknik untuk menentukan sampel menggunakan <em>simple random sampling</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petani memiliki persepsi yang baik (71,26 %) terhadap konsep pertanian cerdas ramah lingkungan seperti yang diejawantahkan dalam konsep <em>smart-eco bioproduction</em>. Di sisi lain, persepsi mereka terhadap kesiapan pemerintah untuk mengimplementasikan konsep ini juga tergolong baik (79,57 %). </p>
Daya Saing Jagung di Kabupaten Dairi Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Situmorang Helentina 
Published: July 2022

<p>Permasalahan dalam usahatani jagung adalah produktivitasnya yang rendah sehingga daya saing usahatani jagung rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing usahatani jagung dan dampak kebijakan input dan output terhadap daya saing usahatani jagung di Kabupaten Dairi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analisis Matriks Kebijakan (PAM). Penelitian ini menggunakan data <em>cross section</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usahatani jagung memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dan komparatif. Analisis PAM juga menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan input melindungi petani jagung, tetapi kebijakan output tidak melindungi petani jagung.</p>