bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Reality in Treatment for Psychological Problems in First-Line Health care Professionals Fighting COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pan Xiao , Zhang Ying-Cheng , Ren Ding , Lu Li , Wang Yi-Hao , Li Guan-Xiong , Xiao Ying , Zhou Hong-Yu , Bai Yong-Hai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Virtual reality therapy (VRT) is a new psychotherapeutic approach integrating virtual reality technology and psychotherapy. This case series aimed to study effectiveness of VRT in treating psychological problems. We described four cases of first-line health care professionals with emerging clinically significant early psychological problems during the COVID-19 outbreak, and specifically received the VRT treatment. We compared the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), PHQ-15, and Athens Insomnia Scale to evaluate psychological symptoms and sleep quality before and after sessions. All four cases showed a reduction in scale comparison. General scores of the PHQ-9 reduced 65%, GAD-7 reduced 52.17%, PHQ-15 decreased 38.17%, and scores of the Athens Insomnia Scale reduced 67.44%. Meanwhile, a reduction in depression, anxiety, psychosomatic, and sleeping symptoms was also found, which decreased 76.92% in general. These results are highly significant statistically. This case series demonstrated the effectiveness of VRT on psychological problems as a promising approach to apply on various psychological distress and disorders.
Relationships Among Depression, Online Self-Disclosure, Social Media Addiction, and Other Psychological Variables Among Hungarian University Students
Authors: Piko Bettina F. , Kiss Hedvig , Rátky Dóra , Fitzpatrick Kevin M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the digital age, besides the well-known contributors to depression, more research is needed on certain activities of social media, such as online self-disclosure. Using an online survey, we examine the associations of depression with social media addiction, online self-disclosure, loneliness, and life satisfaction among a sample of Hungarian university students (N = 301, aged between 18 and 30 years). There were no sex differences in depression scores. Findings showed the following: a) lonely students; b) those less satisfied with their lives; c) those sharing negative information; and d) those that engage in deep self-disclosure are more likely to report depressive symptomatology. Although social media addiction was a correlate of depression in bivariate analyses, it became nonsignificant when online self-disclosure and other psychological variables were introduced to the model. A more careful accounting of these relationships is needed to more wisely use social media when disclosing information about ourselves.
Effectiveness of Topical ρ-Kinase Inhibitors in Veterans with Severe Glaucoma on Maximally Tolerated Medical Therapy
Authors: Kianian Reza , Hulbert Samuel W. , Law Simon K. , Giaconi JoAnn 
Published: July 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
The real-world pharmacological use of netarsudil shows that it can produce a clinically significant decrease in intraocular pressure for a small group of patients, even if they are already taking three or four other hypotensive glaucoma medication classes.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of netarsudil in reducing intraocular pressure among veterans with advanced glaucoma on maximally tolerated medical therapy.

METHODS
All patients with glaucoma who received netarsudil between June 2018 and April 2020 from the West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included a minimum of one intraocular pressure measurement in each of two time windows (within and after 4 months of netarsudil use). Exclusion criteria included medication nonadherence, change in treatment plan before post-treatment intraocular pressure could be obtained, corneal disease precluding reliable measurement, outside follow-up, and loss to follow-up. Intraocular pressure at baseline and that at two time windows were compared using analyses of variance. Relationships between intraocular pressure and number of baseline medications and concurrent statin therapy were evaluated. Netarsudil tolerability was reported.

RESULTS
Of 200 patients prescribed netarsudil, 42 patients (eyes) met the enrollment criteria. The mean age of these patients was 75.7 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.0 to 78.4 years), 64% were of African descent, 79% had open-angle glaucoma, and the mean number of baseline medications was 3.7 (95% CI, 3.5 to 3.9). Baseline intraocular pressure of 17.2 mmHg (95% CI, 16.1 to 18.2 mmHg) decreased to 15.1 mmHg (95% CI, 14.0 to 16.2 mmHg; P < .001), and a reduction of >20% was seen in 30.9% of patient after 4 months of netarsudil therapy. Intraocular pressure reduction was not associated with number of baseline medications or systemic statin use.

CONCLUSIONS
Netarsudil may produce a clinically significant intraocular pressure reduction in up to a third of the patients with advanced glaucoma already on maximally tolerated medical therapy.
Temporal trends and outcomes of peripheral artery disease revascularization and amputation among the HIV population
Authors: Teng Alexandra E. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Parikh Rushi V. , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Hsue Priscilla Y. , Secemsky Eric A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
With antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) are developing age-related diseases, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This study examined frequency and outcomes of peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) and primary amputation in PWH.

Design:
We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to examine demographics, comorbidities, and temporal trends among PVI and primary amputation admissions by HIV status from 2012 to 2018.

Methods:
Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to calculate adjusted odds of in-hospital death and amputation. Cost of hospitalization and length of stay were compared by HIV status and revascularization approach.

Results:
Of the 347 824 hospitalizations for PVI/amputation, 0.6% were PWH, which was stable over time. PWH had more renal and hepatic disease, whereas uninfected individuals had more traditional PAD risk factors. 55.2% of HIV+ admissions were endovascular compared with 49.3% in HIV− admissions, and 28.9% of the HIV+ admissions were elective compared with 42.1% among HIV−. HIV status did not impact amputation following PVI. In-hospital death was similar between groups following PVI or primary amputation. PWH had lower costs of hospitalization and a trend towards shorter hospital stays.

Conclusion:
Although PWH are developing more age-related chronic illnesses, the number of PAD-associated procedures has remained flat. Despite being younger with fewer traditional PAD risk factors, PWH had higher rates of unplanned PVI admissions and endovascular revascularization but similar in-hospital outcomes. These findings suggest PWH have different risk factors for PAD and are likely underdiagnosed and undertreated, whereas those who are treated have similar outcomes to the general population.
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in men with HIV
Authors: Li Guilin , Park Lesley S. , Lodi Sara , Logan Roger W. , Cartwright Emily J. , Aoun-Barakat Lydia , Casas Juan P. , Dickerman Barbra A. , Rentsch Christopher T. , Justice Amy C. , Hernán Miguel A. 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To compare the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes by antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens among men with HIV.

Design:
We included men with HIV on ART in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study who, between February 2020 and October 2021, were 18 years or older and had adequate virological control, CD4+ cell count, and HIV viral load measured in the previous 12 months, and no previous COVID-19 diagnosis or vaccination.

Methods:
We compared the adjusted risks of documented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission by baseline ART regimen: tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/FTC, abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC), and other. We fit pooled logistic regressions to estimate the 18-month risks standardized by demographic and clinical factors.

Results:
Among 20 494 eligible individuals, the baseline characteristics were similar across regimens, except that TDF/FTC and TAF/FTC had lower prevalences of chronic kidney disease and estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min. Compared with TAF/FTC, the estimated 18-month risk ratio (95% confidence interval) of documented SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.65 (0.43, 0.89) for TDF/FTC, 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) for ABC/3TC, and 0.87 (0.70, 1.04) for others. The corresponding risk ratios for COVID-19 hospitalization were 0.43 (0.07, 0.87), 1.09 (0.79, 1.48), and 1.21 (0.88, 1.62). The risk of COVID-19 ICU admission was lowest for TDF/FTC, but the estimates were imprecise.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that, in men living with HIV, TDF/FTC may protect against COVID-19-related events. Randomized trials are needed to investigate the effectiveness of TDF as prophylaxis for, and early treatment of, COVID-19 in the general population.
The contribution of late HIV diagnosis on the occurrence of HIV-associated tuberculosis
Authors: Girardi Enrico , Caro-Vega Yanink , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Musaazi Joseph , Carriquiry Gabriela , Castelnuovo Barbara , Gori Andrea , Manabe Yukari C. , Gotuzzo José Eduardo , D’arminio Monforte Antonella , Crabtree-Ramírez Brenda , Mussini Cristina 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
To describe the timing of tuberculosis (TB) presentation in relation to diagnosis of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and to evaluate whether the established impact from late presentation to care and late initiation of ART on the risk of TB is retained beyond the observation period of clinical trials.

Design:
We used marginal structural models to emulate a clinical trial with up to 5 years of follow-up to evaluate the impact of late initiation on TB risk.

Methods:
People with HIV (PWH) were enrolled from 2007 to 2016 in observational cohorts from Uganda, Peru, Mexico and Italy. The risk of TB was compared in LP (accessing care with CD4+ cell count ≤350 cells/μl) vs. nonlate presentation using survival curves and a weighted Cox regression. We emulated two strategies: initiating ART with CD4+ cell count less than 350 cells/μl vs. CD4+ cell count at least 350 cells/μl (late initiation). We estimated TB attributable risk and population attributable fraction up to 5 years from the emulated date of randomization.

Results:
Twenty thousand one hundred and twelve patients and 1936 TB cases were recorded. Over 50% of TB cases were diagnosed at presentation for HIV care. More than 50% of the incident cases of TB after ART initiation were attributable to late presentation; nearly 70% of TB cases during the first year of follow-up could be attributed to late presentation and more than 50%, 5 years after first attending HIV care.

Conclusion:
Late presentation accounted for a large share of TB cases. Delaying ART initiation was detrimental for incident TB rates, and the impact of late presentation persisted up to 5 years from HIV care entry.
Routine programmatic data show a positive population-level impact of HIV self-testing: the case of Côte d’Ivoire and implications for implementation
Authors: Simo Fotso Arlette , Johnson Cheryl , Vautier Anthony , Kouamé Konan Blaise , Diop Papa Moussa , Silhol Romain , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Boily Marie-Claude , Rouveau Nicolas , Doumenc-Aïdara Clémence , Baggaley Rachel , Ehui Eboi , Larmarange Joseph 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
We estimate the effects of ATLAS's HIV self-testing (HIVST) kit distribution on conventional HIV testing, diagnoses, and antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiations in Côte d’Ivoire.

Design:
Ecological study using routinely collected HIV testing services program data.

Methods:
We used the ATLAS's programmatic data recorded between the third quarter of 2019 and the first quarter of 2021, in addition to data from the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief dashboard. We performed ecological time series regression using linear mixed models. Results are presented per 1000 HIVST kits distributed through ATLAS.

Results:
We found a negative but nonsignificant effect of the number of ATLAS’ distributed HIVST kits on conventional testing uptake (−190 conventional tests; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −427 to 37). The relationship between the number of HIVST kits and HIV diagnoses was significant and positive (+8 diagnosis; 95% CI: 0 to 15). No effect was observed on ART initiation (−2 ART initiations; 95% CI: −8 to 5).

Conclusions:
ATLAS’ HIVST kit distribution had a positive impact on HIV diagnoses. Despite the negative signal on conventional testing, even if only 20% of distributed kits are used, HIVST would increase access to testing. The methodology used in this paper offers a promising way to leverage routinely collected programmatic data to estimate the effects of HIVST kit distribution in real-world programs.
Changes in body mass index and clinical outcomes after initiation of contemporary antiretroviral regimens
Authors: Bannister Wendy P. , Mast T. Christopher , de Wit Stéphane , Gerstoft Jan , Wiese Lothar , Milinkovic Ana , Hadziosmanovic Vesna , Clarke Amanda , Rasmussen Line D. , Lacombe Karine , Schommers Philipp , Staub Thérèse , Zagalo Alexandra , Portu Joseba J. , Tau Luba , Calmy Alexandra , Cavassini Matthias , Gisinger Martin , Borodulina Elena , Mocroft Amanda , Reekie Joanne , Peters Lars 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Weight gain is becoming increasingly prevalent amongst people with HIV (PWH) receiving contemporary antiretroviral treatment. We investigated BMI changes and clinical impact in a large prospective observational study.

Methods:
PWH aged ≥18 years were included who started a new antiretroviral (baseline) during 2010–2019 with baseline and ≥1 follow-up BMI assessment available. Rates of clinical outcomes (cardiovascular disease [CVD], malignancies, diabetes mellitus [DM] and all-cause mortality) were analysed using Poisson regression to assess effect of time-updated BMI changes (>1 kg/m2 decrease, ±1 kg/m2 stable, >1 kg/m2 increase), lagged by 1-year to reduce reverse causality. Analyses were adjusted for baseline BMI plus key confounders including antiretroviral exposure.

Results:
6721 PWH were included; 72.3% were male, median age 48 years (interquartile range [IQR] 40–55). At baseline, 8.4% were antiretroviral-naive, and 5.0% were underweight, 59.7% healthy weight, 27.5% overweight, and 7.8% were living with obesity. There was an 8.2% increase in proportion of overweight and 4.8% in obesity over the study period (median follow-up 4.4 years [IQR 2.6–6.7]).
100 CVDs, 149 malignancies, 144 DMs, and 257 deaths were observed with incidence rates 4.4, 6.8, 6.6, 10.6 per 1000 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Compared to stable BMI, >1 kg/m2 increase was associated with increased risk of DM (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.80) and >1 kg/m2 decrease with increased risk of death (adjusted IRR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.73–3.13). No significant associations were observed between BMI changes and CVD or malignancies.

Conclusions:
A BMI increase was associated with DM and a decrease associated with death.
Characteristics of patients admitted to the ICU with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated diseases
Authors: Hansen Megan E. , Mangusan Ralph , Lurain Kathryn , Odeny Thomas , George Jomy , Lu Crystal , Manion Maura , Widell Anaida , Ekwede Irene , Whitby Denise , Gulley James L. , Kadri Sameer S. , Elinoff Jason M. , Barochia Amisha , Torabi-Parizi Parizad , Uldrick Thomas S. , Yarchoan Robert , Ramaswami Ramya 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
There are four conditions caused by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV): Kaposi sarcoma, KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). These KSHV-associated disorders (KADs) often occur in people with HIV and can lead to multiorgan dysfunction requiring admission to the ICU. However, little is known about patient outcomes in this setting.

Methods:
A retrospective study of patients with KADs admitted to the ICU between 2010 and 2021 was conducted, examining KAD admission diagnoses, HIV characteristics, selected cytokine profiles, and ICU interventions. Primary outcomes were 60-day and median overall survival from ICU admission to death from any cause.

Results:
Forty-seven patients (all but one with HIV coinfection) were included. At ICU admission, 44 patients (94%) were on antiretroviral therapy with a median CD4+ count of 88 cells/μl and HIV viral load of 23 copies/ml. The most common presentation was respiratory failure alone (19%) or with hypotension (17%). Twenty-two (47%) patients had presumed KICS (with or without Kaposi sarcoma) at admission and an additional KAD was diagnosed in 36% of these patients. IL-6 levels did not vary across KAD subtype. Twenty (43%) patients received KAD-directed therapy in the ICU. Sixty-day survival was 70% and median overall survival was 9 months.

Conclusion:
The majority of patients with HIV and KADs admitted to the ICU had well controlled HIV. Additional KAD were diagnosed during ICU admission in a proportion of patients who presented with presumed KICS. Critical illness did not preclude a subset of patients from receiving KAD-directed therapy in the ICU.
COVID19 in hematological patients and telemedicine: lessons learned across Europe and the US
Authors: Mussetti Alberto , Peric Zinaida , Figueroa Cesar 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To describe the state-of-the-art of telemedicine in hematology through the description of most relevant studies published in the pre-COVID19 and during the COVID19 era.

Recent findings
Telemedicine has recently gained momentum in hematology due to the COVID19 pandemic. Due to a necessary improvement of domiciliary follow-up of patients during the pandemic and an increase in technologies able to offer telemedicine, the number of studies has increased in the last 2 years. Telemedicine showed the potential to improve the monitoring of both benign and malignant hematological diseases. Patients affected by thalassemias, hemophilias and/or myeloproliferative diseases were monitored successfully with telemedicine platform. For higher-risk patients such as high-dose chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, better platforms are needed (e.g. use of wearable devices systems). Also, telemedicine showed to be useful for the follow-up of hematological patients with COVID19.

Summary
Despite the clear potential advantages of telemedicine for the follow-up of hematological patients, more evidence is required before adopting this approach in larger cohorts of patients. Larger- and higher-quality studies are highly needed in this setting.
A work in progress: antimicrobial stewardship in solid organ transplant patient populations
Authors: Tessier Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
To review recent medical literature addressing antimicrobial stewardship in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.

Recent findings
Few studies with a strict focus on SOT patients have been published to date. Team-based antimicrobial stewardship interventions in SOT populations do have beneficial impacts on antimicrobial stewardship-relevant outcomes. Several studies have compared SOT-specific antibiograms to widely accepted hospital antibiograms; these studies all have found important differences in resistance rates among bacterial pathogens. Novel biomarkers like virome monitoring for assessing the net state of immunosuppression hold promise for individualized antimicrobial stewardship interventions.

Summary
SOT patients are an understudied population with respect to antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Current antimicrobial stewardship interventions for SOT patients are largely extrapolated from studies in general patient populations and may not accurately reflect SOT-specific infection risks or outcomes. Antimicrobial stewardship interventions do impact SOT-relevant care goals but require significantly more research to achieve the depth and reach of antimicrobial stewardship interventions developed for general populations.
The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for long term care facilities
Authors: Yen Muh-Yong , Schwartz Jonathan , Hsueh Po-Ren 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Despite advances in infection prevention and control and breakthroughs in vaccination development, challenges remain for long-term care facilities (LTCFs) as they face a likely future of emerging infectious diseases. To ensure the safety of LTCF residents from the current and future pandemics, we identify lessons learned from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience for improving future prevention and response efforts.

Recent findings
In addition to high disease susceptibility among LTCF residents, LTCF vulnerabilities include a lack of pandemic preparedness, a lack of surge capacity in human, material and testing resources, and poorly designed buildings. External sources of vulnerability include staff working in multiple LTCFs and high COVID-19 rates in surrounding communities. Other challenges include poor cooperation between LTCFs and the other components of health systems, inadequately enforced regulations, and the sometimes contradictory interests for-profit LTCFs face between protecting their residents and turning a profit.

Summary
These challenges can be addressed in the post-COVID-19 period through systemic reforms. Governments should establish comprehensive health networks that normalize mechanisms for prediction/preparedness and response/recovery from disruptive events including pandemics. In addition, governments should facilitate cooperation among public and private sector health systems and institutions while utilizing advanced digital communication technologies. These steps will greatly reduce the threat to LTCFs posed by emerging infectious diseases in future.
Epidemiological Study of Neonatal Congenital Microtia in Shandong Province, China, 2011–2020
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Lin Qian , Zhang Min , Liu Zhenzhong , Zhu Lingdong 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
Congenital microtia is a common congenital disease in newborns. The specific cause of congenital microtia is currently unknown. The main objective of this study is to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of congenital microtia and explore the possible etiology of congenital microtia.

Methods:
Part of the newborn data from 2011 to 2020 in Shandong Province Birth Defects Monitoring Hospitals were randomly selected. The software GraphPad Prism 9 was used to analyze the data and draw figures.

Results:
A total of 4247 infants were diagnosed with congenital malformation among 149,525 newborns randomly selected from the Shandong Province Birth Defects Monitoring Hospitals. Among them, a total of 115 infants were diagnosed with congenital microtia. The mean incidence of microtia during 10 years was 76.14±21.93 per 100,000 infants. The mean incidence of microtia in infants with congenital malformation was 2.67±0.75%. The average incidence of male and female infants with microtia during 10 years were 86.93±23.22 and 64.18±32.71 per 100,000 infants, respectively. In terms of maternal age, the older the mother, the higher the incidence of microtia. In terms of the place of residence, rural infants have a higher incidence of microtia than urban infants.

Conclusions:
The average incidence of microtia was 76.14±21.93 per 100,000 infants in Shandong Province, China, 2011–2020. The female-to-male incidence ratio was 1.45:1. The authors recommend that women choose to give birth at the age of 25 to 29. They hope that the government will take measures to improve the medical and health conditions in rural areas and improve parenting knowledge in rural areas. This can effectively reduce the prevalence of microtia in infants.