bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Impact of Replacing Meat and Dairy Products with Plant-Based Substitutes
Authors: Tonheim Live Edvardsen , Groufh-Jacobsen Synne , Stea Tonje Holte , Henjum Sigrun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of people adhere to plant-based diets and the marked for plant-based meat and dairy substitute products is rapidly expanding. However, few studies have examined the nutritional impact of replacing meat and dairy products with plant-based substitutes. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the consumption of plant-based meat and dairy substitutes in vegans, lacto-ovo vegetarians and pescatarians in Norway and examine the total intake of macronutrients and salt from substitute products.
Method
The study had a cross-sectional design, using single twenty-four-hour dietary recall to assess intake of macronutrients and salt in 158 participants (18–60 years); vegans (n = 88), lacto-ovo vegetarians (n = 43) and pescatarians (n = 28) living in the eastern part of Norway.
Results
In total 90%, 68% and 64% of the vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians, respectively, consumed meat or dairy substitutes. The main raw ingredient in the substitute products were soy, followed by oat and peas. Overall, substitute products contributed to 12% of the total energy and 16% of the total salt intake in the diet. The substitute products contributed to a higher intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in vegans (27% of total SFA intake,) than both lacto-ovo vegetarians (10%) and pescatarians (8%). Moreover, substitute products contributed to a higher intake of proteins in vegans (19%,) compared to pescatarians (7%,). The total macronutrient intake was within NNR recommendations, presenting a favorable distribution of fatty acids in addition to high levels of dietary fiber.
Conclusion
The high consumption of meat and dairy substitutes indicate that these products are regularly included in Norwegian plant-based diets. Substitute products may contribute to the total intake of fat, SFA and protein in vegans.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibition Decreases Cerebral Edema and Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier after Stroke
Authors: Lu Hui , Lin Chin I , Clendaniel Victoria , Matheson Rudy , Fisher Marc , Lo Eng H. , Selim Magdy , Shehadah Amjad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: We have previously shown that selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) decreases infarct volume and improves long-term functional outcomes after stroke. In this study, we examined the effects of HDAC3 inhibition on cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and explored its underlying mechanisms.Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and randomly treated i.p. with either vehicle or a selective HDAC3 inhibitor (RGFP966) at 2 and 24 hours after stroke. Modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) were calculated at 2 hours, 1 day, and 3 days. H&E and Evans blue dye (EBD) assay were employed to assess cerebral edema and BBB leakage, respectively. Western Blot for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and immunostaining for HDAC3, GFAP, Iba-1, albumin, aquaporin-4, claudin-5, ZO-1, and NF-kappa were performed. Results: Early RGFP966 administration decreased cerebral edema (p=0.002) and BBB leakage, as measured by EBD assay and albumin extravasation (p=0.001). RGFP966 significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-5 and ZO-1) in the peri-infarct area. RGFP966 also significantly decreased HDAC3 expression in GFAP+ astrocytes, which correlated with better mNSS (r=0.67, p=0.03) and decreased cerebral edema (r=0.64, p=0.04). RGFP966 decreased the expression of aquaporin-4 in GFAP+ astrocytes (p=0.002), as well as, the inflammatory markers Iba-1, NF-kappa, and MMP9 in the ischemic brain (p<0.05).Conclusions: Early HDAC3 inhibition decreases cerebral edema and BBB leakage. BBB protection by RGFP966 is mediated in part by the upregulation of tight junction proteins, downregulation of aquaporin-4 and HDAC3 in astrocytes, and decreased neuroinflammation.
Action modes of surfactants on biodegradation of Wudong low-rank coal by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wu Hao , Liu Xiangrong , Shi Chen , Yang Jie , Yang Zaiwen , Zhao Shunsheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Adding surfactants is an effective method to improve the biodegradation rate of coal. In this study, the action modes of nonionic Triton X-100, anionic surfactant SDS and cationic surfactant DTAB on the biodegradation of Xinjiang Wudong low-rank coal by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. By measuring cell membrane permeability and cell surface hydrophobicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was found that the permeability of cell membrane was enhanced under the action of Triton X-100, and reached the highest at 4 CMC, while SDS and DTAB inhibited the permeability of cell membrane. Cell surface hydrophobicity increased under the influence of Triton X-100, SDS and DTAB and reached a maximum at CMC. According to the effects of surfactants on the degradation rates of coal, it was shown that the improvement of cell membrane permeability could promote the degradation of coal, but the increase of cell surface hydrophobicity could inhibit the degradation of coal. When Triton X-100, SDS and DTAB were all at their optimal concentrations for the growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the coal biodegradation rates reached 78.63 %, 55.93 % and 20.93 %, respectively. The adsorption experiment of bacteria on the coal surface and the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment of coal presented that the improvement of permeability of cell membrane was the main factor for Triton X-100 to improve the coal degradation rate, even if it can slightly increase cell surface hydrophobicity. For SDS and DTAB, the decrease of cell membrane permeability and the increase of cell surface hydrophobicity are all not conducive to the biodegradation of coal.
Hip arthroplasty for patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis: a follow-up study
Authors: Lee Sang-Min , Shin Won Chul , Woo Seung Hun , Kim Tae Woo , Kim Do Hyung , Suh Kuen Tak 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An increasing number of chronic renal failure patients are experiencing hip joint disorders. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of hip arthroplasty in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis. Of 2,364 hips that underwent hip arthroplasty, 37 were retrospectively examined. Radiological and clinical outcomes of hip arthroplasty, and development of local and general complications during follow-up and their associations with dialysis duration were analyzed. The mean patient age, follow-up duration, and bone mineral density T-score were 60.6 years, 36.6 months, and − 2.62, respectively. Osteoporosis was noted in 20 cases. Most patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty with a cementless acetabular cup implant exhibited excellent radiological outcomes. There were no changes in femoral stem alignment, subsidence, osteolysis, and loosening. Thirty-three patients had an excellent or good Harris hip score. Complications developed in 18 patients within 1 year postoperatively. General complications developed in 12 patients at > 1 year postoperatively; no patient experienced local complications. In conclusion, hip arthroplasty for chronic renal failure patients on dialysis yielded excellent radiological and satisfactory clinical outcomes but may be associated with postoperative complications. Careful preoperative treatment planning and overall postoperative management are required to reduce the complication risk.
Syndromic surveillance of respiratory-tract infections and hand hygiene practice among pilgrims attended Hajj in 2021: A cohort study
Authors: Mahdi Hashim A. , Rashid Harunor , Qashqari Fadi S. , Hariri Sumyya H. , Marglani Osama A. , Barasheed Osamah , Albutti Aqel , Alwashmi Ameen S. , Shaban Ramon Z. , Booy Robert , Alfelali Mohammad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: This cohort study estimated the incidence of symptomatic respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and hand hygiene compliance with its impact among domestic Hajj pilgrims during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: During the week of Hajj rituals in 2021, pilgrims were recruited by phone and asked to complete a baseline questionnaire. Pilgrims were followed up after seven days using a questionnaire about the development of symptoms, and practices of hand hygiene. Syndromic definitions were used to clinically diagnose ‘possible’ influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 510 pilgrims aged between 18 and 69 (median of 50) years completed the questionnaire, 280 (54.9%) of whom were female, and all of them (except for one) were vaccinated against COVID-19 with at least one dose. The mean (±SD) of pilgrims’ hand hygiene knowledge score (on a scale of 0 to 6) was 4.15 (±1.22), and a higher level of knowledge was correlated with a higher frequency of handwashing using soap and water. Among those 445 pilgrims who completed the follow-up form, 21 (4.7%) developed one or more respiratory symptoms, of which sore throat and cough were the commonest (respectively 76.2% and 42.8%); ‘possible ILI’ and ‘possible COVID-19’ were present in 1.1% and 0.9% of pilgrims. Obesity was found to be a significant factor associated with the risk of developing RTIs (odds ratio = 4.45, 95% confidence interval 1.15–17.13).Conclusion: Hajj pilgrims are still at risk of respiratory infections. Further larger and controlled investigations are needed to assess the efficacy of hand hygiene during Hajj.
Identifying the Role of Excited-State Proton Transfer and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Detecting Hypochlorous Acid for a Benzothiazole-Based Colorimetric Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Xiumin , Liu Ziming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, the fluorescence mechanism of Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) chemosensor JBD with 2-(20-Hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) as fluorophore has been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods. For JBD probe, the potential energy barrier for the forward excited-state (S 1 ) intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is 0.71kcal/mol, while for reversed ESIPT is 8.47kcal/mol. The stability of Keto isomers provides reliable evidence for the existence of two isomers of JBD in S 1 state. Dual fluorescence of JBD has been observed in the experiment, which is a typical feature for the ESIPT. Through the analysis of the change of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) extent, it is found that JBD undergo a significant geometric rearrangement upon photoexcitation, which leads to the large Stokes shift. After adding HOCl, the double emission is closed and the fluorescence disappears. We use hole-electrons to analyze the charge distribution, providing evidence for possibility of ICT processes occurring.
Novel Spectrum Handoff scheme in Cognitive Radio with Multiple Attributes
Authors: PRASAD RESHMI KRISHNA , Jaya T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cognitive radio is a technology that can be used to detect accessible data transmission channels in the wireless spectrum. To avoid user interference and congestion, the cognitive radio is employed. Multiple parameters make up the network, which are used to choose the best network for transmission without delay. The goal of this paper is to investigate and develop a spectrum handoff scheme using MADM (Multiple Attributes Decision Making) methods like simple additive weighting (SAW), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), grey relational analysis (GRA), cost function-based method (CFB), and Enhanced technique for order preference (ETOPSIS). In two different circumstances, the research work has been implemented. In the first scenario, MADM methods were used to implement all four network selection strategies, as well as Enhanced TOPSIS (ETOPSIS). Voice, video, and data services, sometimes called as triple play services, are depending on CR preferences. In cognitive radio networks, the proposed MADM spectrum handoff system will be efficiently implemented to select the best network in line with triple play services. Spectrum management concerns such as spectrum sensing and sharing make CRN networks difficult to manage. As a result, ARODN (Adaptive Rider Optimization with Different Noise) is created in this study to increase energy efficiency for various spectrum sensing circumstances. As a result, in the second example, various noises such as AWGN, Rayleigh, and Nagakami noises are introduced to the receiver signal, and spectrum sensing and sharing are evaluated on the basis of which the bit error rate is depicted (BER). As a result, the suggested approach is used to calculate the bit error rate for three different noise scenarios. MATLAB is used to implement the proposed approach.
Loudness affects motion: Asymmetric volume of auditory feedback results in asymmetric gait in healthy young adults
Authors: Reh Julia , Schmitz Gerd , Hwang Tong-Hun , Effenberg Alfred O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The potential of auditory feedback for motor learning in the rehabilitation of various diseases has become apparent in recent years. However, since the volume of auditory feedback has played a minor role so far and its influence has hardly been considered, we investigate the volume effect of auditory feedback on gait pattern and gait direction and its interaction with pitch.Methods: Thirty-two healthy young participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 16) received a high pitch (150-250 Hz) auditory feedback; group 2 (n = 16) received a lower pitch (95-112 Hz) auditory feedback. The feedback consisted of a real-time sonification of the right and left foot ground contact. After an initial condition (no auditory feedback and full vision), both groups realized a 30-minute habituation period followed by a 30-minute asymmetry period. At any condition, the participants were asked to walk blindfolded and with auditory feedback towards a target at 15 m distance and were stopped 5 m before the target. Three different volume conditions were applied in random order during the habituation period: loud, normal, and quiet. In the subsequent asymmetry period, the three volume conditions baseline, right quiet and left quiet were applied in random order.Results: In the habituation phase, the step width from the loud to the quiet condition showed a significant interaction of volume*pitch with a decrease at high pitch (group 1) and an increase at lower pitch (group 2) (group 1: loud 1.02 ± 0.310, quiet 0.98 ± 0.301; group 2: loud 0.95 ± 0.229, quiet 1.11 ± 0.298). In the asymmetry period, a significantly increased ground contact time on the side with reduced volume could be found (right quiet: left foot 0.988 ± 0.033, right foot 1.003 ± 0.040, left quiet: left foot 1.004 ± 0.036, right foot 1.002 ± 0.033).Conclusions: Our results suggest that modifying the volume of auditory feedback can be an effective way to improve gait symmetry. This could facilitate gait therapy and rehabilitation of hemiparetic and arthroplasty patients, in particular if gait improvement based on verbal corrections and conscious motor control is limited.
Forests and Climate Change: Analysis of local experiences of climate change impacts in Nepal’s community forestry
Authors: Yadav Bhagwan Dutta , Shrestha Krishna Kumar , Acharya Bishnu Prasad , Shrestha Dan Bahadur , Yadav Lal Babu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Community management of forests are considered to be vital for responding to Climate Change (CC) impacts. However, the questions of how do local communities perceive climate changes and how or whether their activities contributing to addressing climate change impacts are still widely debated. This paper aims to examine Nepal’s community forestry stakeholders’ experience of Climate Change (CC) impacts. A semi structured questionnaire survey of 310 local households was carried out on 31 Community Forestry User Groups (CFUGs) in Siraha, Saptari and Udaypur in inner Terai and Terai regions, Nepal. We stratified households into rich, medium, poor, and poorest based on their socioeconomic status. The analysis results showed that 59% of local respondents had seen an increase in temperature, heat waves (82.9%) and cold waves (51.6%). Conversely, rainfall intensity (65.8%), fog intensity (47.42%), fuzzy sky (50%) and humidity (36%) had decreased. Socioeconomic conditions, forest and climatic change variables were used as explanatory variables against the dependent variables of CC impacts, rainfall and changed temperatures over the last 40 years. Multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that broadleaf forest type, sky haze and rainfall were positively significantly and temperature, fogs, cold waves, biodiversity and amenity variables were negatively significantly correlated with CC and CFOMP that, in turn, increases the likelihood of affecting the livelihoods of local respondents. Results demonstrated that people’s beliefs and perceptions of CC and the adaptations and mitigating responses are vital for devising effecting policies and practices. We propose a set of models that help linking locals experiences with policy, thereby improving both climate change and forest management policies.
Analysis of hnRNP K Expression and Relevance for Clinical Outcomes in Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tu Xin , Qin Yanming , Zheng Haiping , Ma Caifang , Huang Meifang , Shu Hong , Ou Chao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly seen primary liver cancer with poor prognosis and high mortality. Several studies have discovered that the overexpression of Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) was related to poorer prognoses of human tumors like colonic and rectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, stomach cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nevertheless, its effects on HCC progression and prognosis remains unclear.
Methods
To evaluate the prognostic value of hnRNP K expression, we extracted data from public databases include The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and analysis of clinical specimens via tissue microarrays (TMA). Furthermore, our team utilized TIMER and GEPIA data bases to explore the association between the expression of hnRNP K and infiltration immunocytes and the relevant genetic biomarker sets. Co-expression analysis of hnRNP K in HCC was revealed using R2 bioinformatics tool. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis was completed via these co-expression genes to explore the possible signaling pathways in HCC.
Result
In the study, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of hnRNP K was increased in HCC. Higher hnRNP K expression is related to unfavorable survival outcomes and poorer clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC sufferers. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that higher expression of hnRNP K was related to poorer overall survival (OS). Cox regressive analysis verified that hnRNP K was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Moreover, there was a remarkable positive association existed between hnRNP K and the infiltration level of five types of immunocytes include B cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophilic cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Meanwhile, the levels of the majority of immune sets were related to the expression of hnRNP K in HCC. These findings from pathway analysis might reveal the vital effects of hnRNP K and its co-expressed genes on a variety of carcinogenic processes.
Conclusion
Our findings revealed that hnRNP K have potential prognostic value and might be an underlying prognosis biomarker for HCC sufferers.
Gain-controlled Broadband Tuneability in Self-Mode-locked Thulium-doped Fibre Laser Through Variable Feedback
Authors: Kirsch Dennis , Bednyakova Anastasia , Cadier Benoit , Robin Thierry , Chernysheva Maria 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Broadband wavelength tuneability can ensure a new level of versatility for laser systems and extend areas of their applications. Principle limitations of achieving wide tuning wavelength ranges are generally defined by the spectral bandwidth of the gain and traditional tuneability techniques, relying on electrically controlled or bulk filters, reducing laser efficiency and generation stability. In this work, we present nearly 90 nm tuneability in ultrafast Tm-doped fibre laser within the span from 1873 to 1962 nm by implementing variable feedback for efficient control of the excitation level of the active medium and, hence, the gain spectrum. The highest laser efficiency is observed with 20% feedback, while 25% feedback enabled achieving the highest output energy of 1 nJ in 600-fs soliton pulses at 1877 nm central wavelength. By combining the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and population inversion rate equations for the gain medium, the developed numerical model helps to unveil nonlinear pulse evolution under the influence of dynamically varying gain spectrum. The resulting laser system presents a compact and straightforward approach to achieve laser generation with a broad range tuneability of wavelength and operation regimes, which is not impaired by the limitations on laser stability or power performance and can be translated to other wavelength ranges.
Evaluation of polycarbonate additive manufacturing molds for autoclave molding.
Authors: Takeda Osamu , Suzuki Keita , Nakajima Ryoichi , Maeda Kei , Gonjo Tomohiro , Fujii Norihisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) molding, molds made of metal or epoxy resin blocks are commonly used, but the production time and material costs are high and not suitable for prototyping and small volume production. 3D printed molds have the potential to overcome these limitations, which would also enable frequent mold shape adjustment. The present study aimed to investigate the viability of the treated product as a mold for autoclave molding and establish a simple surface treatment method for additive manufacturing products produced by Fused Deposition Modeling. Polycarbonate resin was used to manufacture laminated male molds for the upper core and midsole of shoes, and the surface of the molds was treated with three different methods (clamping, treatment by aluminum tape and fluorine tape). The deformation of the molds due to autoclave molding was investigated by comparing the male molds before and after autoclave molding and computer-aided design data. In the clamping treatment, it was difficult to remove the mold after autoclave molding due to resin getting into the mold and fiber exposure due to resin loss was also observed. In the aluminum tape treatment, the midsole mold was deformed. On the other hand, the fluorine tape treatment enabled easy mold removal, and little deformation and weight change of the molds were observed. The results of this study suggest that the using laminated products made of polycarbonate resin can be used as molds for autoclave molding when combined with pre-treatment using fluorine tape.