bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iliac Artery Endoconduits Should be the Preferred Adjunctive Access Procedure to Facilitate Complex Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Siada Sammy , Malgor Emily A. , Al-Musawi Mohammed , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Jacobs Donald L. , Malgor Rafael D. 
Published: February 2022

Background Iliac artery anatomy can have a dramatic impact on the success of endovascular complex aortic aneurysm (CAA) procedures as endograft delivery systems need to be advanced and manipulated through these access vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of iliac artery conduits with emphasizes on open vs endovascular conduits performed to facilitate CAA endovascular repair. Methods All patients who had open or endovascular iliac conduits prior to endovascular CAA repair to treat thoracoabdominal, juxtarenal, or suprarenal aneurysms at the University of Colorado Hospital from January 2009 through January 2019 were included. Patients who presented with symptomatic or ruptured aortic aneurysms were excluded. Outcomes of interest included postoperative complications and mortality in patients undergoing iliac conduits. Results Twenty-seven patients with a total of 42 conduits were included in the study. The majority of patients ( N = 15, 56%) were female and the average age was 72 ± 9 years. The calculated VQI cardiac index was .6% (range, .3%–.8%). Eighteen (43%) endovascular and 24 (57%) open iliac conduits were performed during the study period. Thirty (71%) conduits were performed in a staged fashion, while 12 (29%) were performed at the same time as endovascular CAA repair. The mean time between conduit and definitive aneurysm repair surgery was 130 ± 68 days in the endovascular and 107 ± 79 days in the open groups ( P = .87). No aneurysm rupture occurred during the staging period in either group. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 18 ± 22 months. The median length of hospital stay for patients undergoing endovascular and open ICs was 6 (ranging, 1–28 days) and 7 days (ranging, 3–18 days), respectively. Patients undergoing open conduits had significantly more complications than those undergoing endovascular conduit (endoconduit) creation. A total of 4 (15%) patients died within 30 days after aneurysm repair. Out of 23 survivors, 18 (78%) patients were discharged home, 4 (18%) patients were discharged to a skilled nursing facility, and 1 (4%) patient was discharged to an acute rehabilitation facility. No mortality difference based on type of conduit was found. Conclusions Overall complication rate associated with creation of open iliac artery conduits is not negligible. Endoconduits, which carry less morbidity than open conduits, are preferred as a first-line adjunctive access procedure to facilitate complex endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.
Management of infective endocarditis in pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team: a case series
Authors: Shapero Kayle S. , Nauriyal Varidhi , Megli Christina , Berlacher Kathryn , El-Dalati Sami 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in pregnancy is rare and has been increasing during the opioid epidemic. IE in pregnancy is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Multidisciplinary endocarditis teams for management of IE have been shown to reduce in-hospital and 1-year mortality. We present a single-center experience managing IE in pregnancy utilizing a multidisciplinary endocarditis team. Methods: Patients diagnosed with IE while pregnant or within 30 days post-partum were identified. All patients discussed at the institution’s weekly multidisciplinary endocarditis meeting were included. Demographic and clinical data and outcome-related variables were retrospectively reviewed and recorded. Results: Between 1 October 2020 and 1 June 2021 6 pregnant or 30-day post-partum patients with IE were identified. All patients had co-morbid injection drug use; Staphylococcus aureus was the etiologic pathogen in all patients. All patients had embolic complications and 5 required ICU admission and mechanical ventilatory support. Four patients underwent valve replacement. There were no patient-directed discharges. All patients survived to hospital discharge and 90-days after diagnosis. Four pregnancies resulted in delivery at an average gestational age of 32.4 weeks with 3 requiring NICU admissions and prolonged lengths of stay. All patients were seen by addiction medicine and 5 were started on medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. Discussion: In a small retrospective cases series, coordination of care by a multidisciplinary endocarditis team led to a high-rate of surgical intervention with no patient-directed discharges and no in-hospital or 90-day mortality. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary endocarditis teams are a low-risk intervention that may improve outcomes in pregnant patients with IE.
Prevalence of Os Acromiale in Thai Patients With Shoulder Problems: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Phanichwong Peemmawat , Apivatgaroon Adinun , Boonsaeng Waraporn Srikhum 
Published: February 2022

Background: Os acromiale is an anatomic variant in which the acromial ossification center fails to fuse. It may lead to painful shoulder conditions and surgical intervention may be required for treatment. The prevalence of os acromiale in South Koreans (0.7%) has previously been the representative number for the Asian population, and it is lower than that in the Black and White populations. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of os acromiale in Thai patients with shoulder disabilities who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the MRI scans of patients with shoulder disabilities between January 2019 and May 2021 at a single institution. The relationship of sex, age, and shoulder diagnosis to the presence of os acromiale was then analyzed. Results: A total of 940 MRI scans in 848 patients were evaluated, of which 20 shoulders were detected to have os acromiale, a prevalence of 2.13%. The mean age of the patients was 60.25 years, with 60% being female and 40% male. Of the 20 os acromiale cases, 17 (85%) were preacromiale, 1 (5%) mesoacromiale, and 2 (10%) meta-acromiale. The associated diagnoses were as follows: 75%, full-thickness rotator cuff (RC) tear; 10%, partial-thickness RC tear; 5%, RC tendinopathy with symptomatic os acromiale; 5%, anterior shoulder instability with full-thickness RC tear; and 5%, frozen shoulder. Age, sex, and associated shoulder disability were not associated with the presence of os acromiale. Conclusion: In Thai patients with shoulder problems who required MRI evaluation, the prevalence of os acromiale was 2.13%. This is lower than the prevalence from other ethnic groups but slightly higher than that from the same ethnic group (Korea). There was no relation between the presence of os acromiale and shoulder pain, regardless of diagnosis.
Patient Perspectives of a Non-Invasive Telemonitoring Tool for Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Sano Motohiro , Okada Sho , Majima Tomoko , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: February 2022

Aim Advancements in telemonitoring (TM) for patients with heart failure (HF) are incongruous because of the effect of TM intervention and various types of TM. This study aimed to clarify patients’ experiences in using the TM tool. Methods This was a qualitative study. Data were evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Nine patients with heart failure → HF participated and completed the 1-month study period. Results The experience of this TM tool was determined using semi-structured interviews followed by qualitative content analysis. Finally, five themes emerged: habituation of self-care behaviour, no burden for use, a feeling of security, additional functions and advice rather than guidance. Conclusion This TM tool is easy to use and has the potential to promote self-management in patients with HF. Based on the aforementioned findings, we revised this tool and added some functions and will perform additional tests.
A Systematic Review investigating the Effectiveness of Exercise training in Glycogen Storage Diseases
Authors: Bordoli Claire , Murphy Elaine , Varley Ian , Sharpe Graham , Hennis Philip 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism typically with skeletal muscle and liver involvement. In those with skeletal muscle involvement, the majority display symptoms of exercise intolerance which can cause profound exercise limitation and impair everyday living and quality of life (QoL). There are no curative treatments for GSDs, thus therapeutic options, such as exercise training, are aimed at improving QoL by alleviating signs and symptoms. In order to investigate the effectiveness of exercise training in adults with GSDs, we systematically reviewed the literature. Methods: In this review we conducted searches within SCOPUS and MEDLINE to identify potential papers for inclusion. These papers were independently assessed for inclusion and quality by two authors. We identified 23 studies which included aerobic training, strength training or respiratory muscle training in patients with McArdles ( n = 41) and Pompe disease ( n = 139). Results: In McArdle disease, aerobic exercise training improved aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) by 14–111% with further benefits to functional capacity and well-being. Meanwhile, strength training increased muscle peak power by 100–151% and reduced disease severity. In Pompe disease, a combination of aerobic and strength training improved VO2 peak by 9–10%, muscle peak power by 64%, functional capacity and well-being. Furthermore, respiratory muscle training (RMT) improved respiratory muscular strength [maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased by up to 65% and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) by up to 70%], with additional benefits shown in aerobic capacity, functional capacity and well-being. Conclusion: This adds to the growing body of evidence which suggests that supervised exercise training is safe and effective in improving aerobic capacity and muscle function in adults with McArdle or Pompe disease. However, the literature base is limited in quality and quantity with a dearth of literature regarding exercise training in other GSD subtypes.
Impact of lifetime body mass index trajectories on the incidence and persistence of adult asthma
Authors: Ali Gulshan Bano , Lowe Adrian J. , Perret Jennifer L. , Walters E. Haydn , Lodge Caroline J. , Johns David , James Alan , Erbas Bircan , Hamilton Garun S. , Bowatte Gayan , Wood-Baker Richard , Abramson Michael J. , Bui Dinh S. , Dharmage Shyamali C. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) trajectories from childhood to adulthood are associated with the development of some chronic diseases, but whether such trajectories influence adult asthma has not been investigated to date. Therefore, we investigated associations between BMI trajectories from childhood to middle age (5–43 years) and incidence, persistence and relapse of asthma from ages 43 to 53 years.MethodsIn the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (n=4194), weight and height were recorded at eight time-points between 5 and 43 years of age. BMI trajectories were developed using group-based trajectory modelling. Associations between BMI trajectories and asthma incidence, persistence and relapse from age 43 to 53 years, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) at age 50 years, and bronchodilator responsiveness at age 53 years were modelled using multiple logistic and linear regression.ResultsFive distinct BMI trajectories were identified: average, low, child high-decreasing, child average-increasing and high. Compared with the average trajectory, child average-increasing and high trajectories were associated with increased risk of incident asthma (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.6 and OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.7–11.4, respectively) and BHR in middle age (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.5 and OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.4, respectively). No associations were observed for asthma persistence or relapse.ConclusionsParticipants with child average-increasing and high BMI trajectories from childhood to middle age were at higher risk of incident adult asthma. Thus, encouraging individuals to maintain a normal BMI over the life course may help reduce the burden of adult asthma.
Increased cytotoxic T-cells in the airways of adults with former bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Um-Bergström Petra , Pourbazargan Melvin , Brundin Bettina , Ström Marika , Ezerskyte Monika , Gao Jing , Berggren Broström Eva , Melén Erik , Wheelock Åsa M. , Lindén Anders , Sköld C. Magnus 
Published: February 2022

RationaleBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm-born infants is a risk factor for chronic airway obstruction in adulthood. Cytotoxic T-cells are implicated in COPD, but their involvement in BPD is not known.ObjectivesTo characterise the distribution of airway T-cell subsets in adults with a history of BPD.MethodsYoung adults with former BPD (n=22; median age 19.6 years), age-matched adults born preterm (n=22), patients with allergic asthma born at term (n=22) and healthy control subjects born at term (n=24) underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). T-cell subsets in BAL were analysed using flow cytometry.ResultsThe total number of cells and the differential cell counts in BAL were similar among the study groups. The percentage of CD3+CD8+T-cells was higher (p=0.005) and the proportion of CD3+CD4+T-cells was reduced (p=0.01) in the BPD group, resulting in a lower CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.007) compared to the healthy controls (median 2.2versus5.3). In BPD and preterm-born study subjects, both CD3+CD4+T-cells (rs=0.38, p=0.03) and CD4/CD8 ratio (rs=0.44, p=0.01) correlated positively with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Furthermore, CD3+CD8+T-cells were negatively correlated with both FEV1and FEV1/forced vital capacity (rs= −0.44, p=0.09 and rs= −0.41, p=0.01, respectively).ConclusionsYoung adults with former BPD have a T-cell subset pattern in the airways resembling features of COPD. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that CD3+CD8+T-cells are involved in mechanisms behind chronic airway obstruction in these patients.
The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in adults in 17 countries: GAN Phase I study
Authors: Mortimer Kevin , Lesosky Maia , García-Marcos Luis , Asher M. Innes , Pearce Neil , Ellwood Eamon , Bissell Karen , El Sony Asma , Ellwood Philippa , Marks Guy B. , Martínez-Torres Antonela , Morales Eva , Perez-Fernandez Virginia , Robertson Steven , Rutter Charlotte E. , Silverwood Richard J. , Strachan David P. , Chiang Chen-Yuan 
Published: February 2022

AimsAsthma, hay fever and eczema are three common chronic conditions. There have been no recent multi-country data on the burden of these three conditions in adults; the aims of this study are to fill this evidence gap.MethodsThe Global Asthma Network Phase I is a multi-country cross-sectional population-based study using the same core methodology as the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase III. It provides data on the burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children and adolescents, and, for the first time, in their parents/guardians.ResultsData were available from 193 912 adults (104 061 female; mean±sdage 38±7.5 years) in 43 centres in 17 countries. The overall prevalence (range) of symptoms was 6.6% (0.9–32.7%) for current wheeze, 4.4% (0.9–29.0%) for asthma ever, 14.4% (2.8–45.7%) for hay fever ever and 9.9% (1.6–29.5%) for eczema ever. Centre prevalence varied considerably both between countries and within countries. There was a moderate correlation between hay fever ever and asthma ever, and between eczema ever and hay fever ever at the centre level. There were moderate to strong correlations between indicators of the burden of disease reported in adults and the two younger age groups.ConclusionWe found evidence for a substantial burden of asthma, hay fever ever and eczema ever in the countries examined, highlighting the major public health importance of these diseases. Prevention strategies and equitable access to effective and affordable treatments for these three conditions would help mitigate the avoidable morbidity they cause.
Characterisation of lung function trajectories and associated early-life predictors in an Australian birth cohort study
Authors: Sanna Francesca , Locatelli Francesca , Sly Peter D. , White Elisha , Blake David , Heyworth Jane , Hall Graham L. , Foong Rachel E. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that lung function in early-life predicts later lung function. Adverse events over the lifespan might influence an individual's lung function trajectory, resulting in poor respiratory health. The aim of this study is to identify early-life risk factors and their impact on lung function trajectories to prevent long-term lung impairments.MethodsOur study included participants from the Raine Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort, with at least two spirometry measurements. Lung function trajectories from the 6- to 22-year follow-ups were characterised using finite mixture modelling. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between early-life predictors and lung function trajectories.Main resultsA total of 1512 participants (768 males, 744 females), representing 53% of the whole cohort, were included in this analysis. Four lung function trajectories of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC (z-scores) were identified. FEV1and FVC trajectories were categorised as: “very low”, “low”, “average” and “above average”, respectively. Based on their shape, lung function trajectories of FEV1/FVC were categorised as “very low”, “low–average”, “average–low” and “average”. Asthma and maternal smoking were identified as risk factors for low lung function trajectories in this cohort, as well as early-life exposure to PM2.5Absorbance.ConclusionsEarly-life risk factors may influence lung function trajectories over time. Nonetheless, identifying children with a high risk of having low lung function trajectories should be prioritised to prevent deficits in later life.
New domiciliary supplemental oxygen therapy after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in metropolitan Chicago
Authors: Kaul Malvika , Gupta Preeti , Kalra Salil , Gardner Jessica , Gordon Howard S. , Rubinstein Israel 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundA knowledge gap exists in understanding the beneficial use and duration of domiciliary supplemental oxygen (DSO) therapy among survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalisations with persistent hypoxaemia upon discharge. The purpose of this single centre study was to begin to address this issue.MethodsIn this retrospective study we report features of US military veterans residing in metropolitan Chicago with no prior DSO therapy who survived COVID-19 hospitalisation, were discharged on DSO and were followed for 6 months.ResultsWe found that the majority of the 65 elderly patients (median age, 70 years), predominantly obese Black males, who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations at the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and were discharged on DSO did not undergo a formal 6-min walk test (6MWT) to re-assess ongoing ambulatory supplemental oxygen requirements (46 patients or 71%). Nonetheless, DSO therapy was discontinued in most patients predominantly within 8 weeks of hospital discharge (34 patients, 52%). In addition, a large proportion of patients, obese Black people in particular, who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations and were treated with DSO for at least 8 weeks thereafter developed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection (PASC) (30 patients, 46%).ConclusionsGiven these findings, we recommend that healthcare providers be appraised about proper monitoring and evaluation, including timely performance of 6MWT, of patients who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations and were treated with DSO for persistent hypoxaemia upon discharge. Whether obese Black males who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations and are treated with DSO thereafter have an elevated risk in developing PASC remains to be determined in larger, prospective studies.
Childhood lung function following perinatal HIV infection and early antiretroviral therapy initiation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gie Andre , Morrison Julie , Maree David , Laughton Barbara , Browne Sara H. , Cotton Mark F. , Goussard Pierre , Innes Steve 
Published: February 2022

Despite the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-associated pulmonary complications remain prevalent in children following perinatal HIV infection. In the post-ART era the incidence of opportunistic infections has decreased; however, non-infectious complications including diminished lung function are common. It is unclear whether early initiation of ART influences lung function later in life.We performed a cross-sectional study examining pulmonary function tests (PFT) (spirometry, plethysmography, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity) in HIV-unexposed (HU), HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) and perinatally HIV-infected children on early ART (HIV+) recruited from the Cape Town arms of the CHER and IMPAACT 1060 trials. PFT was performed once children could participate (October 2013 to January 2020). Global Lung Initiative reference software was used for Z-standardisation of lung function by sex, age and height.In total 394 children (HU n=90, HEU n=162, HIV+n=142) underwent PFT, median age 8.7 (IQR 7.7–9.8) years. HIV+had ART initiated at a median age of 17.6 (8.0–36.7) weeks. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC Z-scores were similar in all groups. Plethysmography demonstrated air-trapping with increased total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity, residual volume (RV) and RV/TLC Z-scores in HIV+. There were no differences in alveolar volume; however, diffusing capacity was increased in HIV+.Our findings indicate that following perinatal HIV infection, early ART may attenuate HIV-associated lung disease and is associated with normal childhood spirometry. However plethysmography demonstrates that small airway dysfunction is more pronounced in HIV+. Longitudinal follow-up is required to assess if these children are at risk of obstructive airway disease later in life.
CFTR modulator use and risk of nontuberculous mycobacteria positivity in cystic fibrosis, 2011–2018
Authors: Ricotta Emily E. , Prevots D. Rebecca , Olivier Kenneth N. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPeople with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are associated with reduced lung infection with pathogens likePseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureus. This association has not been studied with NTM.MethodsUsing encounter-level data from the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2011 to 2018, we identified individuals aged >12 years with one or more NTM-negative sputum culture and information on receipt of ivacaftor therapy. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to assess the relationship between CFTR modulator usage (any and monotherapyversuscombination therapy) and NTM sputum culture positivity, controlling for sex, least severe class of CFTR mutation, receipt of chronic macrolides, age, body mass index and percentage predicted forced expiratory volume.ResultsOut of 25 987 unique individuals, 17 403 individuals met inclusion criteria. During follow-up, 42% of individuals received CFTR modulator therapy, and 23% had incident NTM. The median (interquartile range) time to event was 6.1 (4.0–7.3) years for those ever receiving CFTR modulators compared to 4.0 (1.6–6.5) years in those never receiving CFTR modulators. CFTR modulator use was associated with a significantly reduced hazard of NTM culture positivity (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.97); there was no significant difference in the hazard between those receiving ivacaftor monotherapyversuscombination therapy (combination HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.79–1.23).ConclusionsCFTR modulator therapy is associated with a decreased risk of NTM positivity in individuals with cystic fibrosis.