bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and telbivudine in preventing hepatitis B transmission in mothers with high viral load
Authors: Wang Ming , Ran Ran , Zhu Yunxia , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo add to the limited data that exist on the selection of drugs to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV).MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study that enrolled mothers with HBV‐DNA ≥2 × 105 IU/ml. All enrolled mothers received either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or telbivudine (LdT) to prevent HBV transmission.ResultsA total of 270 mothers received TDF treatment and 275 mothers received LdT treatment. The predelivery decline in HBV‐DNA in the TDF group was higher than the LdT group (3.92 ± 0.93 log IU/ml vs. 3.76 ± 0.94 log IU/ml, P = 0.043). In the primary analysis, the MTCT rate of the TDF group was comparable to that of the LdT group, both in the intention‐to‐treat analysis (1.5% [4/275] vs. 1.8% [5/273], P > 0.99) and the per‐protocol analysis (0% in both groups, P > 0.99). The alanine aminotransferase elevation rates in the TDF group were lower than in the LdT group (17.3% vs. 27.4%, P = 0.005). Less anorexia and more arthralgia were observed in the LdT group than the TDF group.ConclusionsTDF and LdT are both effective in preventing MTCT of HBV, but they may cause different adverse events. TDF is more effective in reducing HBV viral load and had fewer alanine aminotransferase abnormalities than LdT.
Clinical presentations of adult and pediatric SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive cases in a community cohort, Nashville, Tennessee
Authors: Rankin Danielle A. , Yanis Ahmad , Talj Rana , Howe Harrison L. , Bloos Sean M. , Fernandez Kailee N. , Amarin Justin Z. , Bruce Mercedes , Salib Seifein , Hargrave Samarian , Chappell James D. , Spieker Andrew J. , Halasa Natasha B. , Howard Leigh M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCompared to adults, the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) illness in children has been lower and less severe. However, reports comparing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among children and adults are limited. As part of our longitudinal cohort study of adults and children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and their household contacts in Nashville, Tennessee, we compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections between children and adults. Children were more likely to be asymptomatically infected and had a shorter illness duration compared to adults. The differences observed in clinical presentation across ages may inform symptom‐specific testing, screening, and management algorithms.
Safety and immunogenicity of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (CHESS‐NMCID 2101): A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Qi Xiaolong , Wang Jitao , Zhang Qiran , Ai Jingwen , Liu Chuan , Li Qianqian , Gu Ye , Lv Jiaojian , Huang Yifei , Liu Yanna , Xu Dan , Chen Shubo , Liu Dengxiang , Li Jinlong , Xiang Huiling , Liang Jing , Bian Li , Zhang Zhen , Liu Luxiang , Zhang Xuying , Qin Wei , Wang Xiaodong , Hou Zhiyun , Zhang Nina , Zhang Aiguo , Zu Hongmei , Wang Yun , Yan Zhaolan , Du Xiufang , Hou Aifang , Ji Jiansong , Yang Jie , Huang Jiansheng , Zhao Zhongwei , Zou Shengqiang , Ji Hailei , Ge Guohong , Zeng Qing‐Lei , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractData on safety and immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccinations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are limited. In this multicenter prospective study, HCC patients received two doses of inactivated whole‐virion COVID‐19 vaccines. The safety and neutralizing antibody were monitored. Totally, 74 patients were enrolled from 10 centers in China, and 37 (50.0%), 25 (33.8%), and 12 (16.2%) received the CoronaVac, BBIBP‐CorV, and WIBP‐CorV, respectively. The vaccines were well tolerated, where pain at the injection site (6.8% [5/74]) and anorexia (2.7% [2/74]) were the most frequent local and systemic adverse events. The median level of neutralizing antibody was 13.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.9–23.2) AU/ml at 45 (IQR: 19–72) days after the second dose of vaccinations, and 60.8% (45/74) of patients had positive neutralizing antibody. Additionally, lower γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase level was related to positive neutralizing antibody (odds ratio = 1.022 [1.003–1.049], p = 0.049). In conclusion, this study found that inactivated COVID‐19 vaccinations are safe and the immunogenicity is acceptable or hyporesponsive in patients with HCC. Given that the potential benefits may outweigh the risks and the continuing emergences of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, we suggest HCC patients to be vaccinated against COVID‐19. Future validation studies are warranted.
Motivational interviewing for employment: An exploration of practitioner skill and client change talk
Authors: Britt Eileen , Soleymani Sara , Wallace‐Bell Mark , Garland Anna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivational interviewing (MI) is an evidenced‐based approach for building and strengthening motivation for change. The effect of MI training on practitioner conversations with unemployed clients within a government work and income service was evaluated using a mixed‐method approach, comprising a multiple‐baseline across practitioner (n = 5) design and a pre/post quasi‐experimental design. After workshop MI training, practitioners demonstrated greater MI skills in conversations with clients, and MI skills were maintained during the period of post‐workshop feedback and coaching. There was also more change talk spoken by clients in conversations that occurred post‐MI workshop training compared to pre‐training, suggesting increased motivation for change.
Nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies for defects‐driven SERS sensing
Authors: Sun Huanqing , Wang Xu , Wu Pingfang , Jiang Haishun , Tang Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSemiconductor materials have gradually developed into attractive candidate substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to their unique characteristics, exhibiting great application potential in a wide range of scenarios. The introduction of oxygen vacancies plays a key role in improving the performance of semiconductor substrates by effectively modulating the surface state and electronic structure of semiconductor materials. Here, a reduction method is employed to prepare nonstoichiometric WO3−x nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies, which as a substrate material possesses excellent SERS sensing performance and outstanding signal reproducibility. The presence of surface deficiency sites generates an effective photoinduced charge transfer resonance at the interface between the substrate and the analyte molecules by offering more charge transfer pathways as well as strong vibration coupling, thereby achieving significantly improved SERS sensitivity on the WO3−x substrate. Further investigations suggest that the defect structure is beneficial to facilitate the recognition of multiple probe molecules, which indicates semiconductor materials have great potential in SERS detection.
Distal facial vein catheterization for prevention and management of thrombosis in vascularized lymph node transfers
Authors: Mallarino‐Restrepo Gonzalo , Lin Miffy C.‐Y. , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the outcomes of the distal facial vein catheterization (DFVC) to manage venous thrombosis in vascularized submental lymph nodes (VSLN) flap transplantations.MethodsBetween March 2017 and December 2020, patients who underwent VSLN flaps were divided into Group I: combined delayed primary retention sutures (DPRS) with DFVC, and Group II: DPRS alone. Primary outcomes were early (within 72 h) and late venous thrombosis. Secondary outcomes included other nonvascular complications and mechanical factors of the thrombosis.ResultsA total of 105 patients who underwent 106 VSLN flaps, including 37 and 69 flaps in Groups I and II, respectively, were included. There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, Taiwan lymphoscintigraphy staging, and surgical factors between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Early venous thrombosis requiring re‐exploration developed in one (2.7%) and three (4.3%) flaps in Groups I and II, respectively (p = 0.20). One flap (2.7%) and eight (11.5%) flaps developed late venous thrombosis in Groups I and II, respectively (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in total complication rates between both groups (p = 0.9).ConclusionVSLN flap transplantation had a significantly higher risk of late venous thrombosis. DFVC significantly decreased the late venous thrombosis.
Elastography Assisted BI‐RADS in the Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging 4a Lesions in China
Authors: Tang Lei , Wang Yuqun , Gong Huiling , Chen Man 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesA considerable number of benign lesions, especially category 4a lesions on Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BI‐RADS‐MRI), were biopsied according to BI‐RADS‐MRI, which was a diagnostic imaging challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography (UE) assisted Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) for BI‐RADS‐MRI category 4a lesions.MethodsBetween January 2017 and December 2019, 228 breast lesions categorized as BI‐RADS‐MRI 4a were included. Conventional ultrasound (US) and UE were performed to evaluate each lesion. Pathology results were used as the gold standard. The diagnostic performances of different UE methods and our re‐assessment proposal were evaluated.ResultsWhen BI‐RADS‐MRI category 4a, BI‐RADS‐US category 3‐4a, the stiffness of soft or intermediate in elasticity assessment according to the fifth edition of the BI‐RADS atlas, strain ratio < 1.335, age ≤ 52 years, and the maximum diameter of lesion ≤20 mm were simultaneously met, an ultrasound‐guided empty needle biopsy was not recommended, but short‐term ultrasound follow‐up for 3–6 months was recommended, and biopsy was performed after changes in evaluation. In this way, 95 of 228 BI‐RADS‐MRI category 4a lesions avoided biopsies, and the number of patients with biopsies decreased by 41.7%.ConclusionsUE offers benefits in the characterization of BI‐RADS‐MRI category 4a lesions. Ultrasound and elastography can help optimize therapy recommendations for BI‐RADS‐MRI category 4a lesions by our re‐assessment proposal.
Non‐resident college student hunting license regulations in the United States
Authors: Karlen Jonathan G. , Metcalf Elizabeth Covelli , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA decades‐long decline in hunting participation jeopardizes state wildlife agency funding amid growing conservation and management challenges. College students are being recognized by states and non‐governmental organizations as an important population for hunter recruitment and retention, fueling a proliferation of learn‐to‐hunt programs on college campuses. Nearly 3,000,000 students attend college in a state where they are not a resident and may face constraints to hunting. We analyzed hunting license residency statutes in each state to determine whether non‐resident college students were addressed in statutes or policies, catalog statutory provisions that may exclude populations of students from hunting, and document how students' residency status affects the price of a deer and small game license. Nationwide, 29 states have statutes allowing non‐resident college students to hunt at a resident rate. Among these states, we identified a patchwork of statutory requirements for non‐resident students to be eligible for resident‐rate licenses, including waiting periods, age restrictions, credit restrictions, and unclear or onerous purchasing procedures. Non‐resident college students fell into a gray area of licensing policy in the 21 states without statutes addressing this group. In these states, students often needed to pay non‐resident hunting license rates. Hunting licenses were substantially more expensive for non‐resident college students in states without statutes addressing students, and license sales data from Montana, USA, indicated that high license prices are a constraint for student hunters. With college students becoming a focal point for hunter recruitment efforts, we identify statutory constraints to recruiting and retaining hunters on college campuses and help improve the effectiveness of learn‐to‐hunt programs on college campuses.
Comparison of spectrophotometric and electrochemical pH measurements for calculating freshwater pCO2
Authors: Young Fischer L. , Shangguan Qipei , Beatty Cory M. , Gilsdorf Makenzy D. , DeGrandpre Michael D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInland waters have an important role in the global carbon cycle, contributing significantly to terrestrial carbon fluxes through downstream export and exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere. However, large uncertainties in freshwater inorganic carbon fluxes remain. One contributing factor is uncertainty in carbonate system calculations for estimating the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) from pH and alkalinity in freshwater systems. The uncertainty stems largely from inaccurate pH values caused by glass pH electrode measurements in low ionic strength systems. This study compares indicator‐based spectrophotometric and electrochemical pH measurements and their application for calculating freshwater pCO2. Our study found that, compared to a pCO2 reference method, pH electrode‐based estimates of pCO2 were overestimated by 230 ± 200 μatm (n = 54) where indicator‐based spectrophotometric pH estimates of pCO2 were 58 ± 33 μatm (n = 34) over the range of 100–1600 μatm. Furthermore, we found that when ionic strength was assumed to be zero, calculated pCO2 error was ~ 20% of the reference pCO2. A 19‐d field study using autonomous spectrophotometric pH and pCO2 sensors found an average error in calculated pCO2 of −70 ± 57 μatm (n = 1685). Although, our focus is on riverine CO2, these findings and subsequent conclusions apply to all freshwater systems. Spectrophotometric pH measurements will improve future freshwater pCO2 calculations and better quantify inland waters' role in the global carbon budget.
Intracranial vessel wall segmentation with deep learning using a novel tiered loss function incorporating class inclusion
Authors: Zhou Hanyue , Xiao Jiayu , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang , Ruan Dan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop an automated vessel wall segmentation method on T1‐weighted intracranial vessel wall magnetic resonance images, with a focus on modeling the inclusion relation between the inner and outer boundaries of the vessel wall.MethodsWe propose a novel method that estimates the inner and outer vessel wall boundaries simultaneously, using a network with a single output channel resembling the level‐set function height. The network is driven by a unique tiered loss that accounts for data fidelity of the lumen and vessel wall classes and a length regularization to encourage boundary smoothness.ResultsImplemented with a 2.5D UNet with a ResNet backbone, the proposed method achieved Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) in 2D of 0.925 ± 0.048, 0.786 ± 0.084, Hausdorff distance (HD) of 0.286 ± 0.436, 0.345 ± 0.419 mm, and mean surface distance (MSD) of 0.083 ± 0.037 and 0.103 ± 0.032 mm for the lumen and vessel wall, respectively, on a test set; compared favorably to a baseline UNet model that achieved DSC 0.924 ± 0.047, 0.794 ± 0.082, HD 0.298 ± 0.477, 0.394 ± 0.431 mm, and MSD 0.087 ± 0.056, 0.119 ± 0.059 mm. Our vessel wall segmentation method achieved substantial improvement in morphological integrity and accuracy compared to benchmark methods.ConclusionsThe proposed method provides a systematic approach to model the inclusion morphology and incorporate it into an optimization infrastructure. It can be applied to any application where inclusion exists among a (sub)set of classes to be segmented. Improved feasibility in result morphology promises better support for clinical quantification and decision.
Digital Hydrography Underestimates Stream Length and Leads to Underestimates of Trout Population Size
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Gatewood Tim , Jackson Zachary J. , Barney Jean , Beard Zachary S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Stream length is measured for many fisheries management applications. Characteristics of populations and habitats measured at field sites are commonly generalized to unsampled areas using estimates of stream length or stream network length. There are many ways to measure stream length, but map-based stream length measurements are commonly used in fisheries applications even though they are known to be biased. We evaluated how length of headwater streams in Arizona may be underestimated by the National Hydrography Dataset and how that bias influences streamwide abundance estimates for adult Apache Trout Oncorhynchus apache. As expected, stream lengths measured using National Hydrography Dataset flowlines underestimated true length revealed by National Agricultural Imagery Program imagery on average 11.1% (SD = 4.1%), and this bias was higher in meadow versus forested habitats. The observed bias led to streamwide estimates of adult Apache Trout abundance that were only 88% on average (SD = 5%) of those made with more realistic imagery-based stream measurements. As we have shown, high-resolution imagery, now widely available, can be used to assess and quantify stream length bias, and we conclude that it is important to assess whether this bias has the potential to negatively impact important fishery management decisions.
Study on Tensile Mechanical Properties of GAP/CL‐20/HMX Propellant
Authors: Zhang Guanglong , Liu Xiangyang , Zhang Jinshang , Li Muchen , Zhang Xu , Wang Ningfei , Hou Xiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo study the tensile properties of GAP/CL‐20/HMX (GCH) propellant, a new generation high energy solid propellant, uniaxial tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test were performed at different temperatures (233.15–333.15 K) and strain rates (0.000476–0.9524 s−1). The experimental results show that, unlike Hydroxyl‐terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether (NEPE) propellants, GCH propellant have special arc section in the initial tensile stage at room temperature and high temperature. This phenomenon may be caused by the stretching of the curled molecular chains. The variation of mechanical properties shows that the maximum tensile strength and initial elastic modulus increase with the decrease of temperature and the increase of strain rate. The variation of maximum elongation is complex, which increases with the increase of strain rate at room temperature and high temperature, and first increases then decreases with the increase of strain at low temperature. The constitutive model of the GCH propellant was established by introducing the chain extension and the debonding damage thresholds. Both of which show a linear double logarithmic increasing trend with the increase of strain rate at room and high temperature. The latter shows a linear double logarithmic decrease trend with the increase of strain rate at the low temperature.
The co‐movements of faith‐based cryptocurrencies in periods of pandemics
Authors: Mnif Emna , Mouakhar Khaireddine , Jarboui Anis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the recent coronavirus pandemic, several researchers have focused on the drivers of cryptocurrency behavior. In particular, this study provides insights into what can drive Islamic cryptocurrency markets and how do they react during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We explore the cryptocurrency volatility and the connectedness between the Islamic, conventional, and COVID‐19 confirmed cases and deaths using the wavelet approaches. The preliminary results show that faith‐based cryptocurrencies have reduced risk exposure than their conventional counterparts, in the long run, making them more appealing for investment, particularly for investors seeking low‐risk and Shariah‐compliant assets. Furthermore, the empirical results indicate that both Islamic and conventional cryptocurrencies are more sensitive to the death toll than the newly confirmed cases. We also observe significant positive co‐movements between Bitcoin and Islamic cryptocurrencies. Besides, Bitcoin exhibits a substantial response during various time scales while compared with Islamic cryptocurrencies. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the sensitivity and the vulnerability of a new category of cryptocurrencies backed by tangible assets to pandemic shocks. To the extent of the author's knowledge, this study is the first attempt that examines the co‐movement between Islamic and conventional cryptocurrencies using the wavelet approach. A viable, ethical, and alternative investment route for faith‐based investors can be provided by the Shariah‐Compliant cryptocurrencies as they are risk‐reduced and less sensitive to the pandemic than conventional benchmarks. Besides, this study creates opportunities in portfolio diversification for investors.
Organic Waste as Reducing and Capping Agents for Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Various Applications
Authors: Ureña‐Castillo Brenda , Morones‐Ramírez José Rubén , Rivera‐De la Rosa Javier , Alcalá‐Rodríguez Mónica María , Cerdán Pasarán Andrea Quetzalli , Díaz‐Barriga Castro Enrique , Escárcega‐González Carlos Enrique 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurrently, the large amount of organic waste produced represents one of the leading environmental problems. According to United Nations, every year a third of all food produced ends up rotting and, therefore, becoming waste. Its use and revalorization represent an attractive alternative in the search for solutions to this situation. In this context, these residues can be used to obtain extracts beneficial for nanotechnology, acting as a reducing and stabilizing agent to produce metal nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles by green synthesis, an ecofriendly and nontoxic method. Silver nanoparticles have been applied in applications as antibacterial, antifungal, and catalytic agents, as well as antioxidants, biosensors, and treatment of various diseases. Thus, this review contributes to fostering and promoting a sustainable environmental awareness through the reuse and revalorization of organic waste, which allows the sustainable biosynthesis of functional silver nanoparticles to be widely applied successfully in various fields of application.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some Novel Coumarin‐Amino Acid Conjugates
Authors: Tiwari Neha , Kumari Ankita , Uttam Gunjan , Singh Vineeta , Singh Karuna , Katiyar Diksha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of novel coumarin‐amino acid conjugates was synthesized and structural characterization was done by various spectroscopic methods. All the conjugates were screened for their antifungal activity against five fungal strains namely T. rubrum, A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and C. albicans by two‐fold serial microdilution method. Some of them showed significant activity with MIC values in the range of 6.25–25 μg/mL. Notably, compound 5 e showed potential antifungal effect against three tested strains with MIC's in the range of 6.25–12.5 μg/mL. The molecular docking studies showed that some conjugates possessed good binding affinity with the modelled receptor of integrin‐like protein of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Compounds 5 d and 5 e also exhibited good binding efficiency with the Candida spp. cell wall associated proteins in in vitro binding assay. Additionally, in silico physicochemical parameters such as lipophilicity and pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of the synthesized compounds were also evaluated.