bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive approaches to REDD+ are needed for countries with high forest cover and low deforestation rates
Authors: Schweikart Melanie , Mertz Ole , Müller Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) aims to maintain forest carbon stocks above benchmark reference levels through financial compensation. However, countries with high forest cover and low deforestation (HFLD) are unlikely to be compensated fairly if REDD+ initiatives fail to conserve existing forests and to incentivize low deforestation rates. Here we analyze the submissions of forest reference levels (FRLs) of five HFLD countries [Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Republic of the Congo (Congo), Guyana, Papua New Guinea, Suriname] to the REDD+ platform of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. We assessed if the FRLs are likely to yield compensation payments that maintain carbon stocks above the business-as-usual scenario and compared the FRLs with quantitative emission data. Our results show that only Guyana submitted an FRL that yielded sufficient monetary incentives for low deforestation rates. Compensation payments will likely be insufficient in Suriname, Papua New Guinea, and the Congo. The FRL of the DRC would generate the highest compensation payment (on average US$ 1.3 billion annually). Overall, our results suggest that payments from REDD+ will fail to provide adequate incentives for most HFLD countries. We suggest that the FRL should allow for post hoc adaptation to changes in the drivers of deforestation. This implies that REDD+ schemes need sufficient flexibility to reflect changes in the opportunity costs of alternative land uses, which is particularly acute for HFLD countries where pressure on forests can accumulate rapidly. More adaptive REDD+ likely better rewards HFLD countries in ways that preserve their valuable forest ecosystems.
Symmetry operators of the asymmetric two-photon quantum Rabi model
Authors: Xie You-Fei , Chen Qing-Hu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The true level crossings in a subspace of the asymmetric two-photon quantum Rabi model (tpQRM) have been observed when the bias parameter of qubit is an even multiple of the renormalized cavity frequency. Generally, such level crossings imply the existence of the hidden symmetry because the bias term breaks the obvious symmetry exactly. In this work, we propose a Bogoliubov operator approach for the asymmetric tpQRM to derive the symmetry operators associated with the hidden symmetry hierarchically. The explicit symmetry operators consisting of Lie algebra at low biases can be easily obtained in our general scheme. We believe the present approach can be extended for other asymmetric Rabi models to find the relevant hidden symmetry.
CT organ dose calculator size adaptive for pediatric and adult patients
Authors: Lee Choonsik , Yeom Yeon Soo , Folio Les 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background. Although computed tomography (CT) has played a critical role in medical care since its introduction in the 1970s, its potential long-term risk of adverse health effects has been of concern. It is crucial to accurately estimate the radiation dose delivered to the patient’s critical organs to ensure the dose is As Low As Reasonably Achievable. However, organ-level dose calculation tools for pediatric and adult patients with various body sizes are rare. We extended the existing CT organ dose calculator, NCICT 1.0, which is based on reference-size phantoms, to include body size-specific pediatric and adult phantoms. Methods. We calculated body size-specific organ doses normalized to CTDIvol by using a library of 158 pediatric and 193 adult computational human phantoms with various body sizes combined with a Monte Carlo radiation transport code, MCNP6. We also created a library of generic tube current modulation (TCM) profiles for the phantom library using a ray-tracing algorithm and implemented them into organ dose calculations. We validated organ doses for the body size-specific phantoms using those calculated from ten abdominal CT patients. We also evaluated potential dosimetric errors caused by only using reference phantoms for patients with different body sizes. Results. Organ dose coefficients and TCM profiles for 351 pediatric and adult body size-specific phantoms were implemented into NCICT 2.0. The dose coefficients from the ten abdominal CT patients agreed with those from the program within 13%. The organ doses for the overweight phantoms were overestimated by over 80% when only reference size phantoms were used. Conclusion. We confirmed that the upgraded dose calculator NCICT 2.0 could substantially reduce potential dosimetric errors caused by using only reference size phantoms. The program should be useful for the radiology community to accurately monitor organ doses for pediatric and adult CT patients with various body sizes.
Ultrabright and narrowband intra-fiber biphoton source at ultralow pump power
Authors: Bruns Alexander , Hsu Chia-Yu , Stryzhenko Sergiy , Giese Enno , Yatsenko Leonid P , Yu Ite A , Halfmann Thomas , Peters Thorsten 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nonclassical photon sources of high brightness are key components of quantum communication technologies. We here demonstrate the generation of narrowband, nonclassical photon pairs by employing spontaneous four-wave mixing in an optically-dense ensemble of cold atoms within a hollow-core fiber. The brightness of our source approaches the limit of achievable generated spectral brightness at which successive photon pairs start to overlap in time. For a generated spectral brightness per pump power of up to 2 × 109 pairs/(s MHz mW) we observe nonclassical correlations at pump powers below 100 nW and a narrow bandwidth of 2π × 6.5 MHz. In this regime we demonstrate that our source can be used as a heralded single-photon source. By further increasing the brightness we enter the regime where successive photon pairs start to overlap in time and the cross-correlation approaches a limit corresponding to thermal statistics. Our approach of combining the advantages of atomic ensembles and waveguide environments is an important step toward photonic quantum networks of ensemble-based elements.
Improving optical properties of wurtzite GaN with C and Fe co-doping: A DFT+U study
Authors: Zaman Akib , Mumu Homayra Tabassum , Aunkon Rafat Hossain , Bhuiyan Faharia Hasan , Sharif Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Density Functional Theory with Hubbard U parameter (DFT + U) was used to study the impact of C (6.25%) and Fe (12.5%) mono- and co-doping on wurtzite GaN, which modified the structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Under conditions of abundant N, the doping effect led to an increase in thermodynamic formability. For all the dopant combinations, a reduction in the band gap was seen. GaN becomes a ferrimagnetic material because of co-doping. The performance of the C and Fe co-doped GaN was the best due to the redshift of the absorption edge, which resulted in the improved absorption of near ultraviolet (UV) and visible-infrared (VIS-IR) photonic energies for both monodoping and co-doping structures. The doping caused an increase in the refractive index and dielectric constant. For C and Fe co-doped GaN, the maximum static dielectric constant and refractive index were 19.58 and 4.45, respectively. The findings of this work therefore point to the possible use of C, Fe mono- and co-doped GaN in UV, IR optoelectronic and photonic devices.
Analysis of mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composite reinforced with Luffa cylindrica
Authors: de Souza Campos Rafael , Furtado de Sousa Ana Maria , Zawadzki Sônia Faria , Corrêa Harrison Lourenço 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Vegetable fibers have an economic potential to be employed as polymer reinforcement. This is due to their low cost, biodegradability, recyclability, adequate mechanical properties, and because they come from renewable sources. The growing need for alternative materials that meet the demands of various industrial segments (aerospace, mechanics, automobile, petrochemistry, shipping, civil engineering etc) requires detailed investigations on their physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Detailed information about the behavior of fibers in a polymer matrix can indicate whether they can produce a structural composite. This work investigated the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) samples containing 0%, 10%, and 20% (w/w) Luffa cylindrica fibers, as well as to analyze the morphology of the fibers before and after their processing with the polymer. The mechanical results of the composites showed that those plant fibers reduced the strain of pure PP, increasing its stiffness. Thermogravimetric trials revealed that the composite had its thermal stability reduced with an increase in fiber content.
Asymptotic Spreading for General Heterogeneous Fisher-KPP Type Equations
Authors: Berestycki Henri , Nadin Grégoire 
Published: October 2022

In this monograph, we review the theory and establish new and general results regarding spreading properties for heterogeneous reaction-diffusion equations:

∂

t

u
−

∑

i
,
j
=
1

N

a

i
,
j

(
t
,
x
)

∂

i
j

u
−

∑

i
=
1

N

q
i

(
t
,
x
)

∂
i

u
=
f
(
t
,
x
,
u
)
.

\begin{equation*} \partial _{t} u - \sum _{i,j=1}^N a_{i,j}(t,x)\partial _{ij}u-\sum _{i=1}^N q_i(t,x)\partial _i u=f(t,x,u). \end{equation*}

These are concerned with the dynamics of the solution starting from initial data with compact support. The nonlinearity

f
f

is of Fisher-KPP type, and admits

0
0

as an unstable steady state and

1
1

as a globally attractive one (or, more generally, admits entire solutions

p
±

(
t
,
x
)

p^\pm (t,x)

, where

p
−

p^-

is unstable and

p
+

p^+

is globally attractive). Here, the coefficients

a

i
,
j

,

q
i

,
f

a_{i,j}, q_i, f

are only assumed to be uniformly elliptic, continuous and bounded in

(
t
,
x
)

(t,x)

. To describe the spreading dynamics, we construct two non-empty star-shaped compact sets

S

_

⊂

S

¯

⊂

R

N

\underline {\mathcal {S}}\subset \overline {\mathcal {S}} \subset \mathbb {R}^N

such that for all compact set

K
⊂

i
n
t

(

S

_

)

K\subset \mathrm {int}(\underline {\mathcal {S}})

(resp. all closed set

F
⊂

R

N

∖

S

¯

F\subset \mathbb {R}^N\backslash \overline {\mathcal {S}}

), one has

lim

t
→
+
∞

sup

x
∈
t
K

|

u
(
t
,
x
)
−
1

|

=
0

\lim _{t\to +\infty } \sup _{x\in tK} |u(t,x)-1| = 0

(resp.

lim

t
→
+
∞

sup

x
∈
t
F

|

u
(
t
,
x
)

|

=
0

\lim _{t\to +\infty } \sup _{x\in tF} |u(t,x)| =0

).

The characterizations of these sets involve two new notions of generalized principal eigenvalues for linear parabolic operators in unbounded domains. In particular, it allows us to show that

S

¯

=

S

_

\overline {\mathcal {S}}=\underline {\mathcal {S}}

and to establish an exact asymptotic speed of propagation in various frameworks. These include: almost periodic, asymptotically almost periodic, uniquely ergodic, slowly varying, radially periodic and random stationary ergodic equations. In dimension

N
N

, if the coefficients converge in radial segments, again we show that

S

¯

=

S

_

\overline {\mathcal {S}}=\underline {\mathcal {S}}

and this set is characterized using some geometric optics minimization problem. Lastly, we construct an explicit example of non-convex expansion sets.
Adrenal Ablation Versus Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism for the Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Yaqiong , Liu Qiting , Wang Xinquan , Wan Jindong , Liu Sen , Luo Tao , He Ping , Hou Jixin , Pu Jing , Wang Dan , Liang Dengpan , Yang Yi , Wang Peijian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Superselective adrenal arterial embolization (SAAE) is an alternative treatment for patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). This single-center prospective cohort study aimed to compare the efficacy of SAAE with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) in treating patients with PA who refused unilateral adrenalectomy.

Methods
Of the 140 PA patients who were enrolled in the study and completed 12-month follow-up, 74 patients underwent SAAE and 66 received MRA treatment. The clinical and biochemical outcome was compared at 1, 6, and 12 months after the procedure.

Results
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patients were similar between groups. Office, home, and ambulatory blood pressure reduction at 1 month after discharge was more pronounced in the SAAE group than MRA group (all P &lt; 0.05) while the blood pressure reduction was comparable between the 2 groups at 6 and 12 months. Patients who underwent SAAE took less antihypertensive medications than the MRA group during 12-month follow-up (P &lt; 0.01). Both SAAE and MRA treatment improved renin suppression, aldosterone-to-renin ratio elevation, and hypokalemia at 6 and 12 months, whereas only SAAE but not MRA reduced plasma aldosterone levels. Moreover, SAAE achieved higher rates of complete clinical and biochemical success than MRA (both P &lt; 0.01). Logistic regression found that complete clinical and biochemical success was only directly associated with diagnosis of unilateral PA in contrast to bilateral PA (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The present study provides evidence that SAAE is a reasonable choice of treatment in patients with either unilateral or bilateral PA in terms of clinical and biochemical outcomes. This study was registered at Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100045896).
SATINN: an automated neural network-based classification of testicular sections allows for high-throughput histopathology of mouse mutants
Authors: Yang Ran , Stendahl Alexandra M , Vigh-Conrad Katinka A , Held Madison , Lima Ana C , Conrad Donald F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Motivation
The mammalian testis is a complex organ with a cellular composition that changes smoothly and cyclically in normal adults. While testis histology is already an invaluable tool for identifying and describing developmental differences in evolution and disease, methods for standardized, digital image analysis of testis are needed to expand the utility of this approach.

Results
We developed SATINN (Software for Analysis of Testis Images with Neural Networks), a multi-level framework for automated analysis of multiplexed immunofluorescence images from mouse testis. This approach uses residual learning to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify nuclei from seminiferous tubules into seven distinct cell types with an accuracy of 81.7%. These cell classifications are then used in a second-level tubule CNN, which places seminiferous tubules into one of 12 distinct tubule stages with 57.3% direct accuracy and 94.9% within ±1 stage. We further describe numerous cell- and tubule-level statistics that can be derived from wild-type testis. Finally, we demonstrate how the classifiers and derived statistics can be used to rapidly and precisely describe pathology by applying our methods to image data from two mutant mouse lines. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of using computer-assisted analysis for testis histology, an area poised to evolve rapidly on the back of emerging, spatially resolved genomic and proteomic technologies.

Availability and implementation
The source code to reproduce the results described here and a SATINN standalone application with graphic-user interface are available from http://github.com/conradlab/SATINN.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Culturally Competent Policy Practice in Minority Communities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Contextual and Structural Perspective
Authors: Nouman Hani , Tarshish Noam , Altshuler Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMinority communities have borne a disproportionate burden of health, social and economic consequences during the pandemic. By engaging in policy-shaping processes, social workers can contribute to the development of beneficial policies for minority communities. When working in cross-cultural environments with majorities and minorities, social workers must develop cultural competence to be effective in policy practice. Despite the importance associated with cultural competence in policy practice (CCPP), little empirical evidence exists regarding what is required of social workers in order to engage in culturally competent policy change during the pandemic. In the present study, we address this lacuna through the theoretical framework of culturally competent policy practice. Drawing on twenty-one in-depth interviews, which were conducted at two time points during the pandemic with social workers who work with ultra-Orthodox minority communities in Israel, we demonstrate that CCPP involves the combination of two perspectives—contextual and structural. These include identifying and analysing social problems from a local and global perspective, reshaping the problem through self-awareness and critical awareness of power relations, and applying cultural competence skills that reflect the unique characteristics of the communities. This article discusses the strengths and limitations of CCPP, especially when implemented in changing social and political situations.
Home dialysis in older adults: challenges and solutions
Authors: Wu Henry H L , Dhaygude Ajay P , Mitra Sandip , Tennankore Karthik K 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThere is a rising demand for dialysis in the older population given the increased numbers of older adults living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progressing to kidney failure. Home dialysis, i.e. peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home hemodialysis (HHD), has been available for decades, but more recently there has been a rapid increase in home dialysis utilization as patients and clinicians consider its practical and clinical advantages. For older adults, incident home dialysis utilization more than doubled and prevalent home dialysis growth nearly doubled over the past decade. Whilst its advantages and recent rise in popularity are evident, there are numerous barriers and challenges that are important to consider prior to initiating older adults on home dialysis. Some nephrology healthcare professionals do not view home dialysis as an option for older adults. Successful delivery of home dialysis for older adults may be made even more difficult by physical or cognitive limitations, concerns around dialysis adequacy, and treatment-related complications, as well as challenges relating to caregiver burnout and patient frailty that are unique to home dialysis and older adults. Ultimately, it would be important for clinicians, patients and their caregivers to define what constitutes a ‘successful therapy’ to ensure treatment goals are aligned towards each individual's priorities of care, considering the complex challenges that surround an older adult receiving home dialysis. In this review, we evaluate some of the key challenges surrounding the delivery of home dialysis to older adults and propose potential solutions based on updated evidence to overcome these challenges.
Uncovering Pseudogenes and Intergenic Protein-coding Sequences in TriTryps’ Genomes
Authors: Abrahim Mayla , Machado Edson , Alvarez-Valín Fernando , de Miranda Antonio Basílio , Catanho Marcos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trypanosomatids belong to a remarkable group of unicellular, parasitic organisms of the order Kinetoplastida, an early diverging branch of the phylogenetic tree of eukaryotes, exhibiting intriguing biological characteristics affecting gene expression (intronless polycistronic transcription, trans-splicing, and RNA editing), metabolism, surface molecules, and organelles (compartmentalization of glycolysis, variation of the surface molecules, and unique mitochondrial DNA), cell biology and life cycle (phagocytic vacuoles evasion and intricate patterns of cell morphogenesis). With numerous genomic-scale data of several trypanosomatids becoming available since 2005 (genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes), the scientific community can further investigate the mechanisms underlying these unusual features and address other unexplored phenomena possibly revealing biological aspects of the early evolution of eukaryotes. One fundamental aspect comprises the processes and mechanisms involved in the acquisition and loss of genes throughout the evolutionary history of these primitive microorganisms. Here, we present a comprehensive in silico analysis of pseudogenes in three major representatives of this group: Leishmania major, Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Pseudogenes, DNA segments originating from altered genes that lost their original function, are genomic relics that can offer an essential record of the evolutionary history of functional genes, as well as clues about the dynamics and evolution of hosting genomes. Scanning these genomes with functional proteins as proxies to reveal intergenic regions with protein-coding features, relying on a customized threshold to distinguish statistically and biologically significant sequence similarities, and reassembling remnant sequences from their debris, we found thousands of pseudogenes and hundreds of open reading frames, with particular characteristics in each trypanosomatid: mutation profile, number, content, density, codon bias, average size, single- or multi-copy gene origin, number and type of mutations, putative primitive function, and transcriptional activity. These features suggest a common process of pseudogene formation, different patterns of pseudogene evolution and extant biological functions, and/or distinct genome organization undertaken by those parasites during evolution, as well as different evolutionary and/or selective pressures acting on distinct lineages.
Karyon: a computational framework for the diagnosis of hybrids, aneuploids, and other nonstandard architectures in genome assemblies
Authors: Naranjo-Ortiz Miguel A , Molina Manu , Fuentes Diego , Mixão Verónica , Gabaldón Toni 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent technological developments have made genome sequencing and assembly highly accessible and widely used. However, the presence in sequenced organisms of certain genomic features such as high heterozygosity, polyploidy, aneuploidy, heterokaryosis, or extreme compositional biases can challenge current standard assembly procedures and result in highly fragmented assemblies. Hence, we hypothesized that genome databases must contain a nonnegligible fraction of low-quality assemblies that result from such type of intrinsic genomic factors.

Findings
Here we present Karyon, a Python-based toolkit that uses raw sequencing data and de novo genome assembly to assess several parameters and generate informative plots to assist in the identification of nonchanonical genomic traits. Karyon includes automated de novo genome assembly and variant calling pipelines. We tested Karyon by diagnosing 35 highly fragmented publicly available assemblies from 19 different Mucorales (Fungi) species.

Conclusions
Our results show that 10 (28.57%) of the assemblies presented signs of unusual genomic configurations, suggesting that these are common, at least for some lineages within the Fungi.