bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peridynamics for Quasistatic Fracture Modeling
Authors: Bhattacharya Debdeep , Diehl Patrick , Lipton Robert P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fracture involves interaction across large and small length scales. With the application of enough stress or strain to a brittle material, atomistic scale bonds will break, leading to fracture of the macroscopic specimen. From the perspective of mechanics fracture should appear as an emergent phenomena generated by a continuum field theory eliminating the need for a supplemental kinetic relation describing crack growth. We develop a new fast method for modeling quasi-static fracture using peridynamics. We apply fixed point theory and model stable crack evolution for hard and soft loading. For soft loading we recover unstable fracture. For hard loading we recover stable crack growth. We show existence of quasistatic fracture solutions in the neighborhood of stable critical points for appropriately defined energies. The numerical method uses an analytic stiffness matrix for fast numerical implementation. A rigorous mathematical analysis shows that the method converges for load paths associated with soft and hard loading. For soft loading the crack becomes unstable shortly after the stress at the tip of the pre-crack reaches the material strength.
Electrophysiology of Phosphatidylserine Bilayer Membranes Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Tantawi Khalid H. , Hunnicutt Hope 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work the electrical properties (resistance and capacitance) of the phospholipid phosphatidylserine, which was recently found to be the major constituent of plasma membranes of cancer cells that undergo chemotherapy, were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz. The measurements show that the resistance of phosphatidylserine is 800 kω and the capacitance is approximately 90 pF. These numbers are significantly less than the reported resistance and capacitance of a lipid bilayer membrane that is composed primarily of phosphatidylethanolamine, which is the major constituent in plasma membranes in normal cells. Consequently, the results show that the electrical conductivity of the membranes of cancer cells increase significantly following chemotherapy treatments.
Investigation of Pore Size Distribution and Mechanical Properties of Porous Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Structures Using Solvent Evaporation Technique
Authors: Abshirini Mohammad , Altan M. Cengiz , Liu Yingtao , Saha Mrinal C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a fast and straightforward method for controlling the pore size distribution and mechanical properties of porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures. The solvent evaporation-induced phase separation is implemented for the fabrication of absorbent PDMS sheets. The ternary polymer solution containing PDMS, water (nonsolvent), and three different solvents are prepared. Tetrahydrofuran, Heptane, and Toluene are the solvents explored in this study. The stepping heat treatment is applied to the sample to control the solvent evaporation and trigger the phase separation. The pore morphology and pore size distribution are explored using the scanning electron microscope images captured from the internal surface. The results demonstrate that the pore microstructure is sensitive to the solvent used in polymer solution preparation. Besides, the mechanical properties of the porous PDMS sheets are characterized by tensile testing of the dog bone-shaped specimens cut from the sheets. The results indicate that the elastic modulus of the porous PDMS is dependent on the pore size distribution of the structure. Moreover, the mechanical properties and pore microstructure are shown to be dependent on the solvent type used in the mixture.
Energetic Management of Power Plant Protection and Control Activities by Applying Maintenance Principles Based on Reliability
Authors: Radulescu Victorita 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In recent decades in Romania, many power plants have been built using renewable resources. We are now facing new challenges related to electricity transmission lines, which need to be adapted to these new conditions. A complex and extensive solution associated with the rehabilitation of the existing network system, based on new reliability concepts, is analyzed. Energy management must be adapted to these new parameters imposed by electricity consumption. Some aspects of modernization activities that cover new technologies, equipment and installations, but also the maintenance and ongoing management of existing installations are illustrated. A multi-stage algorithm of this congestion management is proposed, starting from the available transport capacity between two nodes or between two interconnected areas. This algorithm also provides a method for classifying problems that go as far as disconnecting the generating units, starting with the worst case. A redistribution solution is proposed depending on the local power generated. As a case study, the situation at Lacu Sarat station is presented correlated with the main causes that generated incidents. A solution is recommended to minimize the load in the nodes by redistribution, due to the problems encountered by connecting the new wind farm built nearby.
Topological Optimization of Piezoelectric Materials for the Control of Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures
Authors: Shi Jiahui , Fan Yu , Li Lin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Piezoelectric materials can be introduced as the additional components into the periodic structures as they can couple the mechanical and electric fields. However, the added mass is always constrained in practical engineering. A method is needed to guide how to posit the piezoelectric materials on the host structure under the mass limit. In this work, we develop a numerical method to determine the best distribution of piezoelectric materials on the host structure in order to control the wave propagation in the periodic structures. This is based on the fact that the propagation properties of the waves in the mechanical field can be regulated by electric impedance shunted to the piezoelectric materials. The coupling strength between the mechanical field and the electric field is quantified by the wave electromechanical coupling factor (WEMCF). It is related to the geometric of the piezoelectric materials only. As the periodic structures are constructed by the identical unit cell, the aim is to design the distribution of the piezoelectric materials on the unit cell. There is no constrain on the shape of piezoelectric materials in the optimized method, only the overall mass is limited. A linear weighing of stress components is proposed as the criterion to determine the priority of locations for piezoelectric materials. In the proposed method, the piezoelectric materials are introduced to the FE model by adding the additional piezoelectric element layers on the host structure. Details for handling polarization direction, electrode connection and the electric circuit parameters selection are also presented. A 1D thin-wall box beam is taken as the application example. Results show that the Bragg band gap can be adjusted to cover the target frequency range under the optimization design with the 10% mass limitation.
Multiobjective Reliability-Based Design of an Aircraft Wing Using a Fuzzy-Based Metaheuristic
Authors: Sleesongsom Suwin , Winyangkul Saksan , Bureerat Sujin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research presents a new multiobjective fuzzy-based metaheuristic (MOFBMH) for aircraft wing design, which considers the uncertain structural design based on a fuzzy set model. Usually, the objective of this kind of design problem is to minimize weight of the composite wing with failure possibility constraints rather than converting it to multiobjective optimization with a fuzzy variable vector for material properties and loading conditions. The proposed technique is established in the form of multiobjective optimization, which sets the possibilistic safety index (PSI) as an objective function along with structural weight. This technique can explore a possible reliability solution set in one optimization run, which is advantageous. The present technique is one of the posteriori-techniques that start with finding all solutions and choosing it later. Two design examples are used to demonstrate the present technique i.e.simple cantilever beam and composite aeroelastic wing design problems.The results show the proposed technique can explore all possible structures, which are more conservative, and realizable.
Development and Manufacturing of Cervical Stenosis Models for the Integration Into a Neurointerventional Simulation Model
Authors: Wortmann Nadine , Guerreiro Helena , Kyselyova Anna , Frölich Andreas M. , Fiehler Jens , Krause Dieter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide. This can be caused directly by vessel occlusions or secondarily, through constrictions, so-called stenoses. It is therefore important to treat the stenosis as quickly as possible in order to minimize long term patient disability. Since endovascular stroke treatment is a complicated procedure, performed under high time pressure, the establishment of an appropriate training environment is of particular importance. The aim of this study is the development and manufacturing of cervical stenosis models to simulate the endovascular treatment in a physical stroke training and research model to replace training on animal models. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is used to produce the models, as its geometric freedom makes it possible to assemble complicated anatomical shapes. In a series of tests in a full physical simulation environment with medical professionals, the concept of an outer shell held together with two snap fasteners or by Dual Lock™ velcro was shown to be suitable. For the fabrication of the vascular models, the Formlabs material Flexible 80 A Resin proved to be more promising than the Elastic Resin, as the latter ruptured too easily due to the compression in the molded shell.
GaPA: An Application to Assist Novice Users With 3D Printing
Authors: Scherick James , Touchette Collin , Gulbin Matthew , Coady Parker , Radhakrishnan Pradeep , Brown David C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This research is motivated by the fact that the 3D printing process can be daunting for novices, particularly students in academic institutions. Creating high quality G-Code for prospective 3D parts requires knowledge of a multitude of potentially confusing settings, including printing materials, infill density, and printer resolution. Novices also need to know how to properly orient a 3D part before slicing and may end up printing their part in a way that makes it inferior to an alternative. Currently, many existing slicing tools overwhelm the user with customizable settings, making it difficult for many novice users to navigate those tools. Besides, the vast amount of information available in various publications and online forums requires the user to spend a lot of time trying to process and utilize them effectively. To help users generate G-Code that can ensure a higher quality 3D printed part, we have developed a software application called G-Code and Printing Automation (GaPA) that guides users through the 3D printing and slicing process, using a guided sequential process. The application accepts a user’s CAD model in the form of a STL file and then asks the user about the part’s purpose via a short set of multiple-choice questions. A heuristic ranking algorithm determines each of the part’s possible printing orientations and printer settings, according to the user’s desired purpose for the part and data from literature. GaPA automates the slicing process by integrating part and process knowledge and highlights the pros and cons of the generated orientations. The paper will discuss the development of the algorithm and the software, challenges and planned future work.
Ontology for Product Lifecycle Management in the Oil & Gas Turbomachinery Industry
Authors: Failla Lorenzo , Rossoni Marco , Vallesi Michele , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the industrial contexts of the digital era, data, information and knowledge should seamlessly flow throughout the product lifecycle, and be available at any time and to any agent acting in the value creation stream. PLM is one of the enabler of this scenario, striving to scale the “cobbler” model — where people, information, resources and processes are perfectly integrated — to modern industrial realities operating with multi-disciplinary teams and world-wide dispersed internal and external resources. Yet, despite many industrial realities has invested in the institutionalization of a PLM system, still approx. 60% of time in the value creation process is wasted in searching and waiting for data, data translation, working with wrong data or reinvention of the existing knowledge. After having analyzed the above scenario in the context of a real big industrial reality operating in the turbo-machinery production for Oil & Gas and Engery markets, the present paper aims to propose a solution introducing a working approach based on the modeling of the knowledge domain relevant to a product and its data model by an OWL-DL ontology, and to present the relevant preliminary results. The final target will be the establishment of an ontology-based domain model as the foundation for a digital, human-machine interoperable, product knowledge and data lifecycle management system to bridge the diverse agents operating in the Product Lifecycle Management.
Research on Fatigue Monitoring Method of Carbon Fiber Fully Wound Cylinder With Aluminum Liner Based on Strain Gauge
Authors: Xu Yansheng , Yu Yue 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the fatigue failure of composite pressure vessel, a fatigue monitoring method based on strain gauge for carbon fiber fully wound cylinder with aluminum liner is proposed. The fatigue test was carried out with 20MPa as the maximum pressure until the gas cylinder failed. The temperature signals were collected, in order to eliminate the influence of temperature factors on the test results in the fatigue process of gas cylinders, and the temperature effects were separated by regression analysis, and the real strain changes of carbon fiber wrapped gas cylinders with aluminum inner liner were obtained. Through the analysis of the test results and the verification of other detection methods, it is proved that the strain gauge has a certain feasibility for the fatigue monitoring of carbon fiber fully wound cylinder with aluminum liner.
Sustainable Solution of Thickening the Sludge From Wastewater Treatment by a Rotor With Bars
Authors: Radulescu Victorita 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the second stage of the treatment plants there are tanks for the formation of suspensions with a high concentration of solids. This paper presents a rotor solution with vertical bars to produce a rapid concentration of sludge, thus reducing the size of the tanks. The solution is tested in two different areas of activity. The solution reduces the moisture content of the sludge from 94% to 87%. The design was based on the hypothesis that the currents produced by the vortices detached from the bar rotor, accelerate under certain conditions, the thickening of the sludge. It moves in the sides, becoming sediment in a short time. Based on the experimental measurements, a numerical simulation of the rotor was performed to ensure the required vortices. Measurements were made to determine the optimal height and density of the bars. The thickening/settling time was reduced by 14% compared to the conventional systems currently used in wastewater treatment plants in Romania. The experimental tests were performed in the wastewater treatment plant of the Brazi Oil Refinery. The method is also being tested now in the mining industry, at the treatment plant at the Lupeni mine, Jiu Valley.
Effect of Cyclic Corrosion and Joining Method on the Strength of Multimaterial Double Lap Joints
Authors: Gerini Romagnoli Marco , Yang Chao , Nassar Sayed A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effect of cyclic corrosion on the static performance of multi-material double lap joints is investigated. Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced thermoplastic composite substrates are joined to Aluminum substrates using bonding-only, bolting-only, or by hybrid bonding-and-bolting methods. Polyurethane-based or epoxy-based structural adhesives are used. Surface roughness is maintained constant and evaluated with an optical profilometer. The quasi-static performance of baseline joints is assessed, and the results from the various joining methods are compared. Cyclic corrosion testing of Double Lap joints is performed in accordance with a GMW14872 3-stage laboratory standards for 30 one-full-day cycles. Quasi-static lap shear tests of test samples are performed at various stages of corrosion cycling, and progressive strength degradation is observed for bonded-only and hybrid bonded-and-bolted joints. Bolted-only joints do not show significant performance loss. Results, discussion, and conclusions are provided.
Plastic Deformation Behavior at High Strain Rate by Using High Velocity Micro-Particle Collisions
Authors: Komine Ryoma , Furutani Takumi , Sakai Yugo , Yonezu Akio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is well known that plastic deformation behavior of metallic material depends on the length-scale and time-scale due to dislocation motions in material. The plasticity affected by scale down and higher strain rate is still open to discuss. In other words, both size effect and strain rate effect are critical issue for plasticity. Macro-scale experiment of bulk materials for higher strain rate have been well established. On the other hand, experiment of the micro and nano scales with higher strain rate has not been established. This study developed an experimental method to conduct micro-particle collisions, causing high strain rate deformation on the target materials surface. This is called laser-induced projectile impact test (LIPIT), which is impact indentation test. Due to laser ablation, we could successfully project micro-particles, resulting in particle collision with the material surface at higher strain rate. By changing the laser energy, the indentation crater depth can be significantly changed. We established a testing method which is capable of higher strain rate at micro-scale. In addition, finite element method (FEM) was carried out to simulate the plastic deformation behavior due to particle collision at higher strain rate, so that we investigate plastic deformation at the micro scale under higher strain rate.
Solar Distillation Systems Enriched With Machine Learning Techniques: A Review
Authors: Prasanna Y. S. , Deshmukh Sandip S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Solar stills have the advantage of using solar radiation as they are the simple thermal energy source for saline water and industrial water desalination. This paper focuses on a detailed review of how a solar distillation system performance evaluation can be made with ongoing higher-end Machine learning techniques explicitly helpful in optimising and evaluating the still performance. Complete research on the implementation of ML models is made in this study to draw the feasibility of implementing the appropriate supervised or unsupervised machine learning methods. A comparison of the two of deep learning models applied in the advancement of the solar distillation process is explained in this study. The need for performance assessment of solar distillation system with Machine Learning Techniques is analyzed, and further significant features and components of ML and DL Methods are clearly explained. Keeping the importance of the study in front, a comparative analysis is made from the observations found in the literature review. We conclude that the Classification ML Techniques with ANN are the most appropriate models to predict the solar distillate while the ANN-MLP, ANN-FF models are more accurate than the other models. Instead of a traditional statistical approach, a DNN Hybrid model with more hidden layers can be used in optimising the water depth.
Soft Piezoelectric Composites: Synthesis, Electro-Elastic Property Characterization, and Non-Linear Constitutive Modeling
Authors: Lowe Robert L. , Beckett Joseph G. , Cooley Christopher G. , Bai Zongwu , Kladitis Paul E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Soft piezoelectric composites (SPCs) show great promise as next-generation energy harvesting materials, with the potential to outperform piezoelectric polymers with limited elastic stretchability (e.g., PVDF) and traditional brittle piezoelectric ceramics (e.g., PZT). Presently, however, SPCs remain an emerging class of materials, with relatively few comprehensive investigations holistically exploring their synthesis, electro-mechanical property characterization, large-strain constitutive modeling, and non-linear mechanics and dynamics. In this paper, we take first steps toward addressing this compelling research opportunity. A three-component SPC is synthesized, consisting of an ultra-stretchable Ecoflex silicone rubber matrix, micron-sized PMN-PT piezoelectric particles, and CNTs that serve as inter-particle conductive “bridges.” Mechanical, electrical, and coupled electro-mechanical properties are quantified. A thermodynamically consistent, fully non-linear, finite-strain constitutive model is presented, based on a gentle adaptation of an existing transversely isotropic non-linear electro-elastic constitutive framework. Use of the particle orientation vector as an independent variable leads to two-way coupling between mechanics and electricity not present in the isotropic counterpart of this constitutive model. A prototype free energy function with the electric field as the independent variable is proposed that captures the essential physics. This free energy leads to a compact set of non-linear, finite-strain constitutive equations whose mathematical forms have direct analogue to the linear, small-strain theory of piezoelectricity.