bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1975
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Clay County, Nebraska. Each plot was 2 rows, 30 ft long (30 in centers). Plots were separated by 1 untreated row on each side and 1, 4 ft alley and a 15 ft wide untreated strip at each end. Granular insecticides were applied with a Noble metering device mounted on the planter or bicycle-wheeled carriage. Liquid insecticides were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on an International Harvester 140 tractor. Relative effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on 10 plants selected at random from each plot until July 21 when 5 plants per plot were examined. Percent control was calculated by Abbott's formula.
Irish Potato, European Corn Borer Control, 1977
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Micahel L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pungo' Irish potatoes were planted on Mar 17, in 3-row plots 25-ft long at the Tidewater Research Station near Plymouth, NC. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on Apr 28, May 3, 6, 10, 23, and 17, for a total of 6 applications. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer operated at 100 psi and delivering the equivalent of 100 gallons of water/acre. A three-row boom was arranged with 3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Percent plants infested with European corn borer was determined on May 18. The middle row of the 3-row plots was harvested on Jun 28. Potatoes were field graded into #1's and &#2's and yields were taken.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1979
Authors: Storch R. H. , Sewell Gary H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments A, B, and C were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates each and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was sown to oats In 1978. The planting date was May 21 for all experiments. In each experiment the 2.0 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The healthy seed pieces ca 57g each were hand planted 30.0 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rohm & Haas M45 (1121 g/ha weeks of Jul 1 through 22, 1781 g/ha weeks of Jul 29 through Aug 12, and 2242 g/ha weeks of Aug 19 and 26). Soil applications of insecticide were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow just prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles/row at 7.0 kg/cm2 pressure and 1.2 kl/ha. Foliar insecticides were mixed with the fungicide. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application are the same, aphid counts were made prior to application of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10(x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Duncan's new multiple range test and then reconverted as given in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou loam, pH 5.2. Rainfall for June, July and August was respectively 72.7, 49.9 and 138.5 percent of normal. Temperature for the same 3 months departed +5.0°, +7.2° and +3.9°C from normal.
Combined Residues of Dasanit and its Three Metabolites Applied to Japanese Radish for Control of Root Maggotin 1977 and 1978
Authors: George D. A . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dasanit 15%G and 6SC were each applied to Japanese radishes at rates of 1, 2, and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Yakima, WA research location, and at the rate of 2 and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Puyallup, WA experiment station in the crop years of 1977 and 1978. The granules were incorporated into the soil over the row in 6-in band widths at planting time; the SC was applied 30 days later as a spray directed at the base of the plants. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Thelaboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of the extract is available on request.
Evaluation of Nematic1Des/Insecticides for Sweet Potato, Wayne County, 1978
Authors: Averre Charles W. , Barker Kenneth R. , Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effects of fumigant and non-fumigant nematicides/insecticides on nematodes and soil insects, yield, and quality of sweet potatoes were studied in a deep Norfolk sandy loam (pH = 6.4; O. M. = 0.5%; sand = 85.2%, silt = 10.1%, clay = 4.7%) in Wayne County, NC. The site had been planted to sweetpotatoes in 1977 and soybeans in 1976; root-knot nematode larvae counts of ca. 100/500 cm3 soil were low on May, 1978. On Jun 7, plots were hilled, and Vernam 6EC herbicide (.66 pt/acre) was applied. On Jun 14, fumigants were injected with a single chisel at a depth of ca. 6 inches centered over the row using a self-propelled applicator. Soil temperature at 6-inch depth was 83°F, air temperature was 90°F, and soil moisture was 85.3% of field capacity. On Jun 28, granular formulations were uniformly applied with a “salt shaker#x201D;, and wettable powders were suspended in water and applied as a drench at a rate of ca. 500 gal/acre or were applied with transplant water. Granular materials and drenches were applied to a 12-inch band over row centers, and within an hour incorporated to a depth of ca. 6-8 inches using a rototiller. Soil temperature at a 6-inch depth was 88°F, air temperature was 95°F, and soil moisture was fairly dry (77.6% of field capacity). On Jul 24, at layby, granular materials were uniformly applied to a 12-inch band over plant canopy using a “salt shaker#x201D;. Plots were single rows, 50-ft long, on 40-inch spacing. Treatments were replicated in four complete randomized blocks with 10-ft alleys between replications. On Oct 23, twelve soil borings (2 to 12-inch horizon) were taken from the root zone of each plot, composited, assayed for nematodes (extracted by the elutriation-centrifugation technique) and identified. On Oct 24, roots were harvested, graded into U.S.D.A. size grades (Jumbo, No. 1, Conner), and weighed; fifteen roots (5 canner, 5 small and 5 medium No. 1) were removed from each plot and rated for nematode, wireworm, white grub, and flea beetle damage; internal nematode infection was counted by slicing ca. 40% of the distal portion of each root in 2-mm sections and counting internal lesions. Weather during growing season was dry, and plants were under moisture stress in late summer. There was no water injury to roots at harvest as had occurred in previous years.
Control of Whitefringed Beetles on Sweet Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Kouskolekas C. A. , Carlton C. C. , Strother G. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a grower's field near Clanton, AL. Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 500-ft bng, with a row width of 42-inches and 12-inch spacing on the row. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. All insecticides used were granular and were preplant-incorporated (to a depth of 6 inches) using a Rotera equipped with Gandy granule applicator on May 25 and 26. Mocap at 6.0 lbs ai/acre was used as a nematicide. The slips were planted Jun 12, and the crop was dug Oct 11. Harvest sample consisted of 50 row-ft from each of the 2 middle rows of each plot. Yield and damage data were taken Oct 12 and 13. Roots were graded visually into 4 categories: No. 1, No. 2, jumbo and rough, culls. All No. 1 and No. 2 roots were examined (and rated) for damage by whitefringed beetle larvae (WFB) and other unidentified insects (wireworms, flea beetle larvae, cutworms). Drought conditions prevailed during the test.
Wireworm Control on Sweet Potatoes, Johnston County, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six row plots of 'Centennial' sweet potatoes, approximately 500-ft long, were treated at layby on Jul 25, near Benson, NC. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications. Treatments were applied by a sixrow fertilizer spreader. Potatoes were harvested on Sep 22. Wireworm damage was evaluated by scoring 25 roots selected at random from the middle 4 rows of each plot. Damage classes were: 0 = no damage; 1 = 1-5 holes; 2 = 6-10 holes; 3 = 11 or more holes/sweet potato. The total number of roots in each damage class/plot was then multiplied by a damage factor. Flea beetle damage was negligible.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Tomato, 1979
Authors: Schuster David J. , Price James F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Tempo' transplants were set during the first week of February in a commercial field on 3 ft wide beds of nonfumigated Myakka fine sand covered with black ployethylene mulch. Plants were spaced 32 in. in rows 6 ft apart and stoked. Plots consisted of 4 rows 500-ft long and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. No insecticides were applied to the foliage of the plants prior to the experiment. A single application of each treatment was made Apr 9 with a tractor pulled high clearance power sprayer equipped with 6 nozzles (' 4 disks)/row, delivering 70 gal/acre at 200 psi. One and 3 days later the number of lepldopterous larvae observed in the equivalent of 1 manhour search/plot was recorded. Three days after the application, foliage with 100 leaf mines containing either living or parasitized larvae was randomly removed from each plot and held in 1 qt ice cream cartons for the emergence of leafminer and parasite adults.
Early Season Potato Aphid Control on Tomato, 1979
Authors: Snodderly L. J. , Lambdin P. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for control of early season aphid pests at the Plant Science Field Laboratory, Knox County, TN. Six-week-old tomato seedlings were transplanted into Holston silt loam soil Apr 15. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Insecticides were foliar applied to run off with a CO2 back-pack sprayer on Jun 13. Aphids were counted weekly from one randomly selected plant/plot.
Combined Residues of Dasanit and its Three Metabolites Applied to Turnips for Control of Root Maggot in 1977 and 1978
Authors: George D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dasanit 15% G and 6SC were each applied to purple top white globe turnips at rates of 1, 2, and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at the Yakima, WA research location and at rates of 2 and 4 oz ai/1000 ft-row at Puyallup, WA experiment station in the crop years of '77 and '78. The granules were incorporated into the soil over the row in 6-in band widths at planting time; the SC was applied 30 days later as a spray directed at the base of the plants. There were 4 replications of each treatment. The laboratory procedure used for sampling, extraction, and cleanup of the extract is available on request. The combined residues were determined on harvest samples taken approximately 40 days after the spray application. The residues were determined with a Hewlett Packard 5840A gas chromatograph equipped with a nitrogen-phorphorus detector. Column: 2% OV-101 on Gas Chrom Q (100/200 mesh), glass 4 ft × 1/8 in. Known amounts of fensulfofhion and its 3 metabolites (sulfone, oxygen analog, oxygen analog sulfone) were added in the range of 0.01 to 5.00 ppm to untreated control samples prior to extraction and the percent recovery was determined.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Harold Arnett W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test one was conducted at the Main Station Field Laboratory at Reno on a 5 year old stand of alfalfa var. Lahonton. Treatments were applied when plant growth was 10-12 in high with 10 percent of terminals showing weevil damage. Plots were 25 × 50 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were made on May 30 with CO2 activated sprayer calibrated to deliver 26.4 gpa at 30 psi. Control was evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 21 days post treatment and was based on 10, 180 degree sweeps of a standard net from each rep. Test two was at the Newland's Field Station, Fallon, on an eight year old stand of alfalfa var. Ranger. Treatments were applied when growth was 12-14 in with 10 percent of the terminals showing weevil damage. Plots were 25 × 50 ft with 3 replicates arranged in a complete randomized block design. Treatments were made May 26 with a CO2 activated sprayer calibrated to deliver 23.2 gpa at 30 psi. Control was evaluated for both alfalfa weevil and aphids (predominately pea) at 3, 7, 14 days post treatment and was based on 10, 180 degree sweeps of a standard net from each rep.
Preplant Systemic Insecticides for Alfalfa Establishment, 1979
Authors: Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Furadan was applied as soil-incorporated, preplant treatments to assess me benefit of using systemic insecticides in alfalfa establishment. Experiments were conducted at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, Minnesota on Waukegan silt loam. Treatments were applied May 15 to plots 42 × 42 ft (0.04 acre) randomized in a complete block design with 5 replications. Granular applications were made by an Ortho-Whirlybird manual spreader, spray applications were made by tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 20 gal/acre at 50 psl. A seeding rate of 10 lb/acre was used. Insect populations were sampled twice by vacuum machine (15 "put-down" of an 8-in dia vacuum hose, equivalent to a sample area of ca 0.4m /plot). Stand counts were taken twice, June 19 and July 17 (10 1-sq ft samples/plot).
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1979
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on The Pennsylvania State University research farms near Rock Springs. Insecticide sprays were applied May 9 to 20 × 20 ft plots in an randomized complete block design with untreated check in 4 replications. Spray concentrations were applied in 30 gal of water per acre at 50 psi with a small plot boom type sprayer. Alfalfa weevil densities were estimated from 5 - 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 in dia, heavy duty insect net. The sweep arc was maintained approximately 18 in from the sweeper's feet. All sweep samples were taken by the same person. Weevil densities were evaluated 7, 17 and 21 days post treatment. Rain prevented a 14 day sample. Alfalfa yield was determined from 2 - 3 × 20 ft samples taken per plot on June 4.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Missouri 1979
Authors: Huggans J. L. , Jackson K. , Reber D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was part of a 10 acre 5 year old stand of WL-307 alfalfa. The soil is a Shelby loam with a 5-10% slope and 4-8 inch surface soil. Sprays of the compounds under test were applied May 15 to 20 × 90 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated checks in four replications. Finished spray treatments were applied at the rate of 20 gpa at 40 psi with an IH tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom and a power take-off powered roller pump. The nozzles were FS 6 with 50 mesh filter screens. Temperature at application was 73° F with no wind and clear. Evaluations were made at 7, 14, and 21 days post-treatment. Each sample per plot consisted of 10-180° sweeps of a 15 inch diameter insect sweep net. Each 10 sweep composite sample was bagged and frozen for later separation and counting. Labeled materials recommended for alfalfa weevil control by the University included in the test for standards of comparison were: Imidan 50 WP, Furadan 4F and Panncap M 2 FM. For analytical purposes the original count data were transformed by X-1. The means reported are of original counts.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1979
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental, standard and tank-mix insecticide treatments were applied in comparative tests to 20 plus year old Rome trees on Jun 5 and 6, 27 and 28, Jul 18 and 19, Aug 7 and 8, and 28 and 29. The trees were sprayed to run-off with a Bean 35-gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 540 psi. The treatments were applied to single trees, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Other sprays used were oil and Difolatan, phosphamidon, sulfur, Cyprex, Sevin, Karathane and captan. Captan was the major fungicide used throughout the season. These materials were applied at the rate of 100 gal/A (3X cone.) with a Hardie 525 airblast sprayer. In addition to mi te evaluations on Jul 12 and Aug 14, fruit was evaluated at harvest time (late Sep) for insect damage and to measure treatment effects on fruit finish. Damage by the variegated leafroller and the tufted apple budmoth is similar and therefore is combined in the table. For purposes of analysis a division was made as indicated in the tables between new experimental materials and standard materials or tank-mixes of standard materials.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1979
Authors: Young Jerry H. , Rivers Ron , Price Richard , Gould Richard , Mussett Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Westburn M was planted on May 9 at the Altus Irrigation Research Station, Altus, Oklahoma at 20 lb per acre. Seven-row plots, 400 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design were used. Spray applications were made with a Hahn High-Boy sprayer traveling at a speed of 4 mph at 40 psl. Insecticide applications consisted of 1.96 gal of total spray mixture per acre with one number 6 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Three applications were made between August 8 and 24. Intervals between applications ranged from 7 to 9 days. Plots were irrigated with approximately 2-3 inches of water on July 30 and August 11. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: Aug 20, .7 inch; Aug 21,.58 inch; Aug 22, trace; Aug 23, .15 inch; Aug 24, trace; Aug 25, .52 inch; Aug 26, trace; Aug 27, 4.44 inch and Aug 28, .1 inch for a total of 6.49 inches. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis spp. populations were considered light except for August 21 when the population was considered moderate. Heliothis spp. determinations are as follows: Aug 14, 100% H. zea; Aug 21, 81% H. zea, 19% H. virecens; Aug 30, 92% H. zea, 8% H. virescens. Yields were estimated by counting the number of mature bolls for 13 ft of row for each treatment in each replicate and converting it to lb lint/acre.
Apple, Airblast Treatments, 1979
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisting of 7 applications were applied to mature frees on semidwarf roofstocks with a Bean 1229, three point hitch, power-take-off sprayer, at 50 gal/A. Each treatment consisted of 4-cell plots, each of which had 2 Winesap and 2 York trees surrounded by treated guard trees. Other sprays applied to plot areas were benomyl, Thylate, Karathane, streptomycin, Polyram, captan, Dikar, Omite, and Plictran. Midseason mite counts were made. Apples were evaluated at harvest for damage by leafrollers, scale, and effects on finish. Leafroller damage was determined to be either “early season” or “late season” depending on the amount of rot or decay around the feeding site.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Control Of Rivula Sp Nr Atimeta (Lepidoptera
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Malabuyoc L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Noctuidae). IRRI LABORATORY, 1978: Two application methods were used to evaluate the insecticides at the IRRI Laboratory in Manila. In the contact toxicity study 10 3rd instar larvae each were treated in a Potter’s Spray Tower. Insecticides were applied at 0.04% sprays in volume of 2 ml and at a vacuum pressure of 0.71 kg/cm. After treatment insects were placed in petri dishes with untreated TNI leaves. Mortality was determined 48 hours after treatment. In the foliar spray test 25 ml of a 0.05% concentration of insecticide (equivalent to 0.8 kg ai/ha) were applied on 30 day-old rice plants. At one day after spraying leaf sections were cut and placed in petri dishes and infested with 10 third instar larvae. Mortality was determined 48 hours later. Both studies were conducted at a temperature of 27 t 1�C, replicated 4 times and mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Chemical Control of Sorghum Midge, 1979
Authors: Fuchs T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots 4 rows wide × 65 ft and replicated 4 times were planted to moisture on April 2’79. Two rows on either side of each plot were previously planted on March 10’79, to promote a midge infestation. Mesurol at 1.0 lb ai/acre used as a hopper-box treatment to repell birds. Six applications of each treatment were applied at daily intervals beginning on May 28’79, to the middle 2 rows of the 4 row plots. A self-propelled, high clearance sprayer delivered 5 gal of finished formulation per acre by means of a CO2 powered system. Adult midge populations were extremely high, averaging 10-30 per head in the untreated plots throughout the test. Treatments were terminated after 6 applications due to rainfall. Efficacy was evaluated for 14 days by recording the number of adult midges which emerged from 5 heads/plot excised 11 days after the initial application and from estimated grain sorghum yields.
Velvetbean Caterpillar Ld*Jq Studies, 1973
Authors: Dudley Guthrie Charles , Bass Max H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve insecticides were tested against the velvetbean caterpillar. Four to six treatment rates plus a solvent-treated check were included for each insecticide tested. A 50% acetone-water mixture was used to dissolve and dilute technical grade carbaryl and acephate to the desired concentrations. Solutions of other chemicals were prepared by dissolving and diluting technical grade materials with pure acetone. All treatments were administered with a rmcroapplicator (Isco, Model M). Test insects from an established laboratory culture of velvetbean caterpillar were used. Larbae were supplied with fresh soybean leaves daily. Last-Instar velvetbean caterpillar larvae were apportioned randomly into groups of 10. Groups were weighed collectively, and the mean weight of larvae of each group was used to determine dosages of insecticides. Individuals were topically treated with 1 u! of solution applied to the thoracic dorsum. After treatment, larvae were placed in 236 ml screen-topped cardboard cups with fresh soybean leaves. These cups were then returned to the rearing room with 25�C, 50% RH, 12/12 h light/dark phoroperiod. Mortality counts were made 24 h after treatment. The method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (1949) was used to calculate dosage-mortality curves and LD5Q values (expressed as ug of roxicant/g of insect).
Potato Leafhopper Control on Soybeans
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen soybean plots were located at the Southern Branch of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and were bordered by 4 rows. Soil type was an Allensville silt loam, pH = 6.2, and 2% organic matter. Experimental design was a randomized complete block design, 3 blocks each with 5 treatments. Treatments were applied in-furrow with a 4-row John Deere planter with Gandy applicators. Plots then received a herbicide application of Sencor at 0.5 lb and Lasso at 4 lb ai/acre. Soybeans were sampled with a 15-in dia sweep-net (25 sweeps/plot) on June 5, 26, July 18, and Aug 5 (34, 55, 77, and 105 days postplanting, respectively). Soybean plant growth stages at sampling were: V3 - 3 nodes present, Rl - beginning bloom, R2 - bloom stage, and R5 - beginning pod fill, respectively. Samples were examined for potato leafhoppers (PLH) in the laboratory. Stand counts were taken and plants examined for visual signs of phyto-toxicity on June 5. Total rainfall from planting to harvest was as follows: May 4,10 in, June 6.57 in, July 5.74 in, August 5.78 in, September 9.53 in, and October 1.91 in. Moisture conditions were considered extremely wet. Soybeans were hand harvested on October 12’79.