bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging of the pulsing brain: a systematic review
Authors: Almudayni Alanoud , Alharbi Meshal , Chowdhury Alimul , Ince Jonathan , Alablani Fatmah , Minhas Jatinder Singh , Lecchini-Visintini Andrea , Chung Emma Ming Lin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To perform a systematic review of the literature exploring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods for measuring natural brain tissue pulsations (BTPs) in humans.

Methods
A prospective systematic search of MEDLINE, SCOPUS and OpenGrey databases was conducted by two independent reviewers using a pre-determined strategy. The search focused on identifying reported measurements of naturally occurring BTP motion in humans. Studies involving non-human participants, MRI in combination with other modalities, MRI during invasive procedures and MRI studies involving externally applied tests were excluded. Data from the retrieved records were combined to create Forest plots comparing brain tissue displacement between Chiari-malformation type 1 (CM-I) patients and healthy controls using an independent samples t-test.

Results
The search retrieved 22 eligible articles. Articles described 5 main MRI techniques for visualisation or quantification of intrinsic brain motion. MRI techniques generally agreed that the amplitude of BTPs varies regionally from 0.04 mm to ~ 0.80 mm, with larger tissue displacements occurring closer to the centre and base of the brain compared to peripheral regions. Studies of brain pathology using MRI BTP measurements are currently limited to tumour characterisation, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and CM-I. A pooled analysis confirmed that displacement of tissue in the cerebellar tonsillar region of CM-I patients was + 0.31 mm [95% CI 0.23, 0.38, p < 0.0001] higher than in healthy controls.

Discussion
MRI techniques used for measurements of brain motion are at an early stage of development with high heterogeneity across the methods used. Further work is required to provide normative data to support systematic BTPs characterisation in health and disease.
A haplodiploid mite adjusts fecundity and sex ratio in response to density changes during the reproductive period
Authors: Weerawansha Nuwan , Wang Qiao , He Xiong Zhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPopulation density is one of the main socio-environmental factors that have critical impacts on reproduction of animals. Consequently, they need to adjust their reproductive strategies in response to changes of local population density. In this study we used a haplodiploid spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae), to test how population density dynamics during the reproductive period altered female reproductive performance. We demonstrate that females produced fewer eggs with a significantly higher female-biased sex ratio in dense populations. Reducing fecundity and increasing daughter production in a dense environment could be an advantageous strategy to minimise the intensity of local food competition. However, females also reduced their fecundity after arrival in a new site of larger area from a dense population, which may be associated with higher web production costs because females need to produce more webs to cover the larger area. There was no trade-off between egg number and size, and egg size had little impact on reproductive fitness. Therefore, T. ludeni females could adapt to the shift of population density during their reproductive period by manipulating the fecundity and offspring sex ratio but not the egg size.
Genetics reveals shifts in reproductive behaviour of the invasive bird parasite Philornis downsi collected from Darwin’s finch nests
Authors: Common Lauren K. , Kleindorfer Sonia , Colombelli-Négrel Diane , Dudaniec Rachael Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to novel or dynamic fluctuations in environmental conditions and resources, host and parasite relationships can be subject to diverse selection pressures that may lead to significant changes during and after invasion of a parasite. Genomic analyses are useful for elucidating evolutionary processes in invasive parasites following their arrival to a new area and host. Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae), the avian vampire fly, was introduced to the Galápagos Islands circa 1964 and has since spread across the archipelago, feeding on the blood of developing nestlings of endemic land birds. Since its discovery, there have been significant changes to the dynamics of P. downsi and its novel hosts, such as shifting mortality rates and changing oviposition behaviour, however no temporal genetic studies have been conducted. We collected P. downsi from nests and traps from a single island population over a 14-year period, and genotyped flies at 469 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq). Despite significant genetic differentiation (FST) between years, there was no evidence for genetic clustering within or across four sampling years between 2006 and 2020, suggesting a lack of population isolation. Sibship reconstructions from P. downsi collected from 10 Darwin’s finch nests sampled in 2020 showed evidence for shifts in reproductive behaviour compared to a similar genetic analysis conducted in 2004–2006. Compared with this previous study, females mated with fewer males, individual females oviposited fewer offspring per nest, but more unique females oviposited per nest. These findings are important to consider within reproductive control techniques, and have fitness implications for both parasite evolution and host fitness.
Negotiating Priorities on the Shopfloor: A Design Case Study of Maintainers’ Practices
Authors: Kotthaus Christoph , Vitt Nico , Krüger Max , Pipek Volkmar , Wulf Volker 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe coordination of maintenance work in manufacturing poses a crucial productivity factor in small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) but often seems to be rather neglected in practice as well as in much of the literature on maintenance. We shed light upon maintenance coordination work by presenting a design case study conducted in an SME over approximately two years. We took a participatory design-oriented approach, involving all roles on the shopfloor affected by maintenance work. In three major iterations during the pre-study, a release-ready prototype was developed and implemented by the users over the course of one year. The evaluation of the tool showed how a new and mostly unintended practice of information flow, error reporting, and prioritization emerged such that, for instance, foremen becoming a central node of communication, formal prioritization shifting away from higher management, and actual prioritization being done by maintainers. This paper contributes to the body of CSCW work on maintenance practice in SMEs by presenting detailed empirical findings on the coordination work of maintainers, as well as the evaluation of socio-technical interventions into maintenance practices.
Detecting Collusive Shill Bidding in Commercial Online Auctions
Authors: Gerritse L. A. , van Wesenbeeck C. F. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOnline auctions are increasingly used as a smart and efficient way to optimise the consumers’ and sellers’ utility. A recently active field of research is the detection of fraud in online auctions. One of the most difficult types of fraud to detect is collusive shill bidding, where multiple user accounts jointly drive up the bids in an auction. This paper revises the Collusive Shill Bidding Algorithm(CSBD) proposed by Majadi et al. (2019) to develop an algorithm that is applied to a data set from an online auction platform (TBAuctions). We find that our algorithm converges, that computation time can be significantly reduced by appropriate choice of parameters, and we identify Shill Bidding for this data set, although the accuracy of the algorithm cannot be tested because of lack of ground truth values for the data. The paper further discusses steps needed for application of the algorithm to (very) large data sets, using a multiple core server, which despite substantial reduction in computation time would still require too much time to foresee a rapid implementation in real-time.
Ophthalmic surgeries before and during the covid-19 outbreak in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Cetinkaya Yasemin Fatma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
As with any healthcare practice, elective surgeries had to be postponed since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of ophthalmology outpatients and eye surgery admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic and also to compare the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients admitted to the ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary hospital from April through June 2020. A control sample was formed using the registries from the same interval in the previous year. The primary endpoint was the difference between the number and distribution of types of surgical procedures in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period. Surgical procedures were classified as Group A; major special, Group B; special, Group C; major, Group D; medium, and Group E; minor surgeries. Also surgeries were also divided into 4 groups. Cataract and related surgeries were grouped as “Phaco”, emergency surgeries for trauma patients as “Trauma”, retina and related surgeries were grouped as “Retina”, and eyelid and adnexal surgeries were grouped as “Eyelid”. The secondary endpoint was the comparison between the pre-pandemic and pandemic period.

Results
A total of 116 operations were performed in 2020 (mean age: 42.3 ± 25.6 years, male: 63.8%). In 2019, 873 surgeries were performed in the same period of the year (mean age: 56.6 ± 20.2 years, male: 48.8%), indicating an 86.7% decrease during the pandemic period, and each surgery type reduced significantly. On the other hand, the proportion of Group A (10.3% in 2019 vs. 25.9% in 2020, p < 0.001), group B (5.4% in 2019–17.24% in 2020, p < 0.001), and group E (3.8% in 2019–8.6% in 2020, p < 0.001) surgeries among the total increased in the pandemic period. The proportion of trauma (3.1% in 2019–16.4% in 2020, p < 0.001) and retina (11.9% in 2019–37.1% in 2020, p < 0.001) surgeries also increased, whereas phaco and eyelid surgeries were recorded at a lesser rate in the pandemic period.

Conclusion
This study showed a striking reduction in eye surgery during the early period of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the rates of group A, B, and E surgeries increased significantly compared to the previous year.
Less Negative Implicit Attitudes Toward Autism Spectrum Disorder in University Students: A Comparison with Physical Disabilities
Authors: Yokota Susumu , Tanaka Mari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience stigmatization rooted in negative attitudes or prejudice toward them due to social awkwardness. However, little is known about implicit attitudes toward ASD, especially differences in attitudes compared to those of more visible conditions; physical disabilities. In this study, we implemented implicit association tests (IATs) to assess implicit attitudes. Sixty-three university students participated in IATs and answered questionnaires that measured explicit attitudes, social desirability, knowledge about—and familiarity with—disorders. The results demonstrated that implicit attitude toward ASD was significantly less negative than toward physical disabilities. Regarding the discrepancy, not socially awkward behavior but appearance of people with ASD can be evaluated as ‘in-group’ members and lead to less negative attitude compared with physical disabilities.
Comparison of osteogenesis of bovine bone xenografts between true bone ceramics and decalcified bone matrix
Authors: Xu Gang , Guo Ruizhou , Han Liwei , Bie Xiaomei , Hu Xiantong , Li Li , Li Zhonghai , Zhao Yantao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractXenograft bone scaffolds have certain advantages such as mechanical strength, osteoinductive properties, sufficient source and safety. This study aimed to compare osteogenesis of the two main bovine bone xenografts namely true bone ceramics (TBC) and decalcified bone matrix (DBM), and TBC or DBM combined with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 (TBC&BMP-2 and DBM&BMP-2). The characteristics of TBC and DBM were investigated by observing the appearance and scanning electron microscopic images, examining mechanical strength, evaluating cytotoxicity and detecting BMP-2 release after being combined with BMP-2 in vitro. The femoral condyle defect and radial defect models were successively established to evaluate the performance of the proposed scaffolds in repairing cortical and cancellous bone defects. General observation, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, mirco-CT scanning, calcein double labeling, X-ray film observation, three-point bending test in vivo were then performed. It indicated that the repair with xenograft bone scaffolds of 8 weeks were needed and the repair results were better than those of 4 weeks whatever the type of defects. To femoral condyle defect, TBC and TBC&BMP-2 were better than DBM and DBM&BMP-2, and TBC&BMP-2 was better than TBC alone; to radial defect, DBM and DBM&BMP-2 were better than TBC and TBC&BMP-2, and DBM&BMP-2 was better than DBM alone. This study has shown that TBC and DBM xenograft scaffolds can be more suitable for the repair of cancellous bone and cortical bone defects for 8 weeks in rats, respectively. We also have exhibited the use of BMP-2 in combination with DBM or TBC provides the possibility to treat bone defects more effectively. We thus believe that we probably need to select the more suitable scaffold according to bone defect types, and both TBC and DBM are promising xenograft materials for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Thirteenth Annual ENBDC Workshop: Methods in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer
Authors: Twigger Alecia-Jane , Sumbal Jakub , Bentires-Alj Mohamed , Howard Beatrice A 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe thirteenth annual workshop of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer (ENBDC) Laboratories Annual Workshop took place on the 28–30 April 2022 in Weggis, Switzerland and focused on methods in mammary gland biology and breast cancer. Sixty scientists participated in the ENBDC annual workshop which had not been held in person since 2019 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Topics spanned the mammary gland biology field, ranging from lactation biology and embryonic development, single cell sequencing of the human breast, and stunning cutting-edge imaging of the mouse mammary gland and human breast as well as breast cancer research topics including invasive progression of the pre-invasive DCIS stage, metabolic determinants of endocrine therapy resistance, models for lobular breast cancer, and how mutational landscapes of normal breast during age and pregnancy determine cancer risk. The latest findings from participating researchers were presented through oral presentations and poster sessions and included plenty of unpublished work.
Realities of bridge resilience in Small Island Developing States
Authors: Trigg Mark A. , Dehghani Mohammad Saied , Kesete Yohannes Y. , Carr Andrew B. , Trigg Stephanie G. , Zekkos Dimitrios , Lopez David , Pertierra Marta , van Westen Cees J. , Jetten Victor , Ogden Fred L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) are acknowledged as particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events; however, the realities for transport infrastructure and bridges are still poorly studied. Assessing bridges in this context can be challenging due to data scarcity, a lack of local standards, and uncertainty due to climate change. While bridges are designed to connect transport networks, they also carry energy, water, and communication networks, making them critical cascading failure points worthy of special attention in terms of risk assessment and resilience measures. We explore what resilience actually means for the design and management of SIDS bridge infrastructure by applying a post disaster forensics and systems approach that is not reliant on complex methods or large amounts of data. To demonstrate the practicality of our approach, we apply it to the island of Dominica, which is regularly impacted by both tropical storms and hurricanes. Our results document the extreme conditions for infrastructure and nearby settlements and the complex interrelated physical processes that occur during these events. We reflect on the implications for design approaches for bridges under these conditions and detail specific recommendations on how the resilience of existing and new bridges can be enhanced through practical measures that are achievable, even within the constraints experienced by those managing bridge infrastructure in SIDS contexts. This work adds to the growing number of studies exploring forensic disaster investigation and systems thinking, but is the first to explore bridge resilience in SIDS.
Exiles: Medieval Experiences of Isolation
Authors: Sebo Erin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor most people alive today, the COVID-19 pandemic was our first experience of widespread isolation. However, among medieval cultures, with low population density and limited urbanisation, isolation, especially through exile, was common as a political expedient or even, as now, as a method of controlling the spread of illness. This is reflected across myriad aspects of medieval culture, from pilgrim badges to legal codes. Stories and tropes of isolation are common in medieval literature. From the immrama which often include depictions of the isolation of voyages, to images of homesickness in romances or Crusade narratives to descriptions of isolation in exile in Old English elegies and Old Norse sagas. In many instances, the literature reveals a greater fear of loneliness than death, so much so that isolation was used both as a form of punishment considered as severe as mutilation in some parts of medieval Europe, and as an important religious practice, since many people willingly distanced themselves from society in pursuit of salvation through hardship. This introductory essay introduces a dossier on medieval experiences of isolation.
Thinking at the edge in the context of embodied critical thinking: Finding words for the felt dimension of thinking within research
Authors: Schoeller Donata 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces the Thinking at the Edge (TAE) method, developed by Eugene Gendlin with Mary Hendricks and Kye Nelson. In the context of the international research project and training initiative Embodied Critical Thinking (ECT), TAE is understood as a political and critical practice. Our objective is to move beyond a criticism of reductionism, into a practice of thinking that can complement empirical, conceptual and logical implications with what is implied by the vibrant complexity of one’s lived experience in one’s place and time. The second person helps the first to explore, elaborate and clarify very carefully felt dimensions of thinking, which hold intricate structures, contexts, perplexities and intuitions that prove relevant for one’s research. The second person also supports the first to become sensitive to the effects of the language and concepts she uses. A non-imposing, tentative use of language that touches the intricate texture of lived experience is at the core of this method, allowing to widen one’s conceptual structure. In this paper, the cluster of TAE moves are characterized with examples of accounts of TAE processes. The description of the TAE phases includes concepts of Gendlin’s embodied theory of meaning that explain the efficacy of the moves (“direct reference,” “explication,” “crossing”).
Endocrine responses of the stress system to different types of exercise
Authors: Athanasiou Nikolaos , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Mastorakos George 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhysical activity is an important part of human lifestyle although a large percentage of the population remains sedentary. Exercise represents a stress paradigm in which many regulatory endocrine systems are involved to achieve homeostasis. These endocrine adaptive responses may be either beneficial or harmful in case they exceed a certain threshold. The aim of this review is to examine the adaptive endocrine responses of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), catecholamines, cytokines, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) to a single bout or regular exercise of three distinct types of exercise, namely endurance, high-intensity interval (HIIE) and resistance exercise. In summary, a single bout of endurance exercise induces cortisol increase, while regular endurance exercise-induced activation of the HPA axis results to relatively increased basal cortisolemia; single bout or regular exercise induce similar GH peak responses; regular HIIE training lowers basal cortisol concentrations, while catecholamine response is reduced in regular HIIE compared with a single bout of HIIE. HPA axis response to resistance exercise depends on the intensity and volume of the exercise. A single bout of resistance exercise is characterized by mild HPA axis stimulation while regular resistance training in elderly results in attenuated inflammatory response and decreased resting cytokine concentrations. In conclusion, it is important to consider which type of exercise and what threshold is suitable for different target groups of exercising people. This approach intends to suggest types of exercise appropriate for different target groups in health and disease and subsequently to introduce them as medical prescription models.
Risk and rationality: The relative importance of probability weighting and choice set dependence
Authors: Bruhin Adrian , Manai Maha , Santos-Pinto Luís 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe literature suggests that probability weighting and choice set dependence influence risky choices. However, their relative importance remains an open question. We present a joint test that uses binary choices between lotteries provoking Common Consequence and Common Ratio Allais Paradoxes and manipulates their joint payoff distribution. We show non-parametrically that probability weighting and choice set dependence both play a role at describing aggregate choices. To parsimoniously account for heterogeneity, we also estimate a structural model using a finite mixture approach. The model uncovers substantial heterogeneity and classifies subjects into three types: 38% Prospect Theory types whose choices are predominantly driven by probability weighting, 34% Salience Theory types whose choices are predominantly driven by choice set dependence, and 28% Expected Utility Theory types. The model predicts type-specific differences in the frequency of preference reversals out-of-sample, i.e., in choices with a different context than the ones used for estimating the model. Moreover, the out-of-sample predictions indicate that the choice context shapes the influence of choice set dependence.