bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Video Recording in Accident Reconstruction
Authors: Abramowski Michał , Reński Andrzej 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the use of video recordings in the reconstruction of road accidents. Many drivers use in-car digital video recorders (DVR), so called dashboard cameras, to register the situation in front of or behind the car while driving. Such recording can be in some situations an important evidence when determining liability of the road collision. However, in most such cases the video recording is analyzed only from a qualitative point of view, while the article shows that a lot of quantitative information, such as vehicle speeds, accelerations, or the directions of their movements, can also be obtained from the video recording. The selected methods of quantitative analysis of a video recording are here presented. Furthermore, attention is paid to the problems of image analysis, that experts deal with during accident reconstruction. It is indicated that video recordings should be analyzed according to different procedures depending on the situation they present. It is also discussed the influence of recording quality (resolution, distortion, image sharpness, recording speed and others) on the usefulness of the recording for obtaining from it the quantitative information. Finally, the method for estimating the uncertainty of the results is presented. The article confirms that it is possible to determine the chosen parameters of vehicle motion based on an analysis of the DVR recording.
Risk factors and prevalence of DVT after total hip replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Zhe , Ji NengNeng , Taxi Wumiti , Cao DongDong , Sun Xiang , Han Chao , Ma Xinlong , Dong Qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients after hip replacement. Methods: A computer search of PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and WanFang Data databases was conducted to collect case-control studies, cohort studies and cross-sectional studies on risk factors for DVT in hip replacement patients. January 2020. Meta-analysis was carried out using Stata 16.0 software after 2 researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Results: A total of 27 studies were included, including 82,872 subjects with 16 risk factors, and the results of the meta-analysis showed that women [OR=3.06 (1.36, 6.88), p=0.0001], age [OR=2.04, 95% CI (1.73, 2.42), p<0.0001], body mass index (BMI) [OR=0.0001], and men [OR=0.0001] were at risk of bias. 3.95, 95% CI (2.69, 5.78), p=0.007], hypertension [OR=2.52, 95% CI (1.42, 4.46), p<0.0001], hyperlipidemia [OR=2.47, 95% CI (1.44, 4.24), p<0.0001]. Combined cardio-vascular underlying diseases [OR=2.53, 95% CI (1.47, 4.37), p<0.0001], varicose veins or DVT [OR=4.21, 95%]. CI (3.24, 5.47), p=0.012], anaesthetic methods [OR=3.55, 95% CI (1.85, 6.82), p<0.0001], duration of operation [OR=2.33, 95% CI (1.35, 4.04), p<0.0001 0.0001], bone cement prosthesis [OR=2.79, 95% CI (2.37, 3.29), p<0.0001] are risk factors for DVT in hip replacement patients, and appropriate postoperative training reduces the risk of DVT in these patients [OR=0.40, 95% CI (0.32, 0.51)]. Conclusions: Current evidence of this study suggests that women, older age, high BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, combined cardio-vascular underlying diseases, varicose veins or deep vein disease, general anesthesia, prolonged operation time and the use of bone cement prosthesis are risk factors for the development of DVT in hip replacement patients. Healthcare professionals should enhance the protection of high-risk patients with these risk factors in order to reduce the incidence of DVT after hip replacement and to improve the clinical outcome of patients.
Downregulation of CAMK2N1 due to DNA Hypermethylation Mediated by DNMT1 Promotes the Progression of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Peng Wei , Feng Huan , Pang Linhao , Zhang Junfeng , Hao Yi , Wei Xian , Xia Qidong , Wei Zhewen , Song Wen , Wang Shaogang , Liu Jihong , Chen Ke , Wang Tao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor I (CAMK2N1) is one of the tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer (PCa) and is significantly downregulated in PCa tissues compared to benign and normal prostate tissues. Reduced expression of CAMK2N1 is positively correlated with PCa progression. However, the mechanism of CAMK2N1 silencing in PCa is still unclear. The promoter region of CAMK2N1 contained abundant CG loci, providing a great possibility for DNA methylation. Consequently, we postulated that epigenetic modification resulted in the abnormal expression of CAMK2N1 in PCa. MethodsFirstly, we determined the DNA methylation level of CAMK2N1 in prostate cell lines and clinical specimens by bisulfite sequencing (BS), pyrosequencing and The Cancer Genome Atlas in silico analysis. Subsequently, we explored the expression of CAMK2N1 and its DNA methylation level by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, BS and methylation-specific PCR in PCa cells after 5-Aza-CdR treatment or DNMT1 gene modification. Moreover, we analyzed DNMT1 expression as well as the related signaling pathways in CAMK2N1 upregulated or downregulated PCa cells. Finally, functional assays including wound healing, invasion and migration assay, and xenograft model in nude mice were used to investigate the effect of DNMT1/CAMK2N1 interaction on the progression of PCa. ResultsCAMK2N1 was highly methylated in PCa cells and tissues compared to normal prostate epithelial cells, normal prostate tissues and benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH tissues. The hypermethylation of CAMK2N1 was associated with the clinicopathological characteristics in PCa patients. The reduced expression of CAMK2N1 can be restored by 5-Aza-CdR treatment via demethylation. Moreover, we confirmed that DNMT1 formed a positive feedback loop with CAMK2N1 in PCa cells. CAMK2N1 expression was downregulated by DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation, which reversely induced DNMT1 expression through the AKT or ERK signaling pathway. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CAMK2N1 inhibited PCa cell invasion, migration and proliferation and these effects were reversed by DNMT1. ConclusionsDNMT1-mediated hypermethylation of CAMK2N1 not only downregulates gene expression but also promotes the progression of PCa, which could be served as a potential predictive biomarker.
Determinants of sexual communication between adolescents and their parents in Adaklu district, Volta region, Ghana: A multinomial logistic regression analysis
Authors: Klu Desmond , Agordoh Percival , Gyapong Margaret , Azagba Charles , Ansah Evelyn Korkor , Acquah Evelyn , Doegah Phidelia , Ofosu Anthony 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Poor sexual communication between adolescents and their parents results in high rates of negative sexual practices such as teenage pregnancy. Contributing factors to this poor sexual communication between adolescent and their parents in a high teenage pregnancy setting have not been adequately explored. We sought to fill this gap by examining the factors that predict sexual communication between adolescents and their parents in the Adaklu district of the Volta region of Ghana.Methods: A baseline cross-sectional household survey of 221 adolescents aged 10-19 years in 30 randomly selected communities was used. A well-structured questionnaire was developed. A multinomial logistics regression analysis was used to examine factors that significantly influenced communication between adolescents and their parents regarding sex.Results: Only 11.3% and 27.6% of adolescents had discussions on sex with both parents and only one parent respectively in Adaklu district. Adolescent males (AOR=0.21, CI=0.06-0.75), aged 10-14 years (AOR=0.41,CI=0.04-0.57), non-members of adolescent health clubs (AOR=0.46, CI=0.21-1.00), and living with only a father (AOR=0.19,CI= 0.06-0.61) have the lower odds of communicating with their parents on sexual issues. Conclusions: Adolescent-parental sexual communication in Adaklu district is very low. This situation requires more empowerment of adolescents to enable them to discuss sexual issues with their parents through increased engagement with adolescent health club activities and capacity building capacity of parents with the right information on sexual and reproductive health by health staff within the district. Additionally, parents need to be equipped with communication skills to enable them to communicate effectively with their children.
In Vitro Degradation and Erosion Behavior of Commercial PLGAs Used for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Walker Jennifer , Albert Jason , Liang Desheng , Sun Jing , Schutzman Richard , Kumar Raj , White Cameron , Beck-Broichsitter Moritz , Schwendeman Steven 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Copolymers of lactic (or lactide) and glycolic (or glycolide) acids (PLGAs) are among the most commonly used materials in biomedical applications, especially parenteral controlled drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, predictable degradation rate, and ease of processing. Besides manufacturing variables of drug delivery vehicles, changes in PLGA raw material properties can affect product behavior. Accordingly, an in-depth understanding of polymer-related “critical quality attributes” can improve selection and predictability of PLGA performance.Here, we selected 19 different PLGAs from five manufacturers to form drug-free films, submillimeter implants and microspheres and evaluated differences in their water uptake, degradation, and erosion during in vitro incubation as a function of L/G ratio, polymerization method, molecular weight, end-capping, and geometry. Acid-terminated PLGA 50/50 films from different manufacturers with similar molecular weights and higher glycolic unit blockiness and/or block length values showed faster initial degradation rates. Geometrically larger implants of 75/25, acid-terminated PLGA showed higher water uptake, and faster degradation rates in the first week compared to microspheres of the same polymers, likely due to enhanced effects of acid-catalyzed degradation from PLGA acidic byproducts unable to escape as efficiently from larger geometries. Manufacturer differences such as increased residual monomer appeared to increase water uptake and degradation in poly(lactide) implants.This dataset of different polymer manufacturers could be useful in selecting desired PLGAs for controlled release applications or comparing differences in behavior during product development, and these techniques to further compare differences in less reported properties such as sequence distribution may be useful for future analyses of PLGA performance in drug delivery.
Microbial production of multienzyme preparation from mosambi peel using Trichoderma asperellum
Authors: Singh Balvindra , Garg Neelima , Mathur Priti , Vaish Supriya , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fruit and vegetable whole sale markets produces huge quantities of wastes in the forms of discarded fruits and vegetables or their parts, creating unhygienic conditions around the area and resulting into environmental pollution. Many enzymes have good applicability in food industries mainly in the production of clarified fruit juices. However, cost of production of such food enzymes are generally high due to costly raw materials. Utilization of fruit and vegetable wastes as carbon sources for enzyme production through microbial intervention has already been reported by various workers. The present study reports the feasibility of using mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel as substrate for multienzyme preparation including pectinase, cellulase and amylase, using a potential fungal isolate.Conditions viz. temperature, pH, incubation time and nutrient addition were optimized for enzymes production from fresh mosambi peel as substrate using Trichoderma asperellum NG-125 (accession number-MW287256). Maximum activities (U ml-1min-1) of pectinase (595.7±2.47), cellulase (497.3±2.06) and amylase (440.9±1.44) were observed at pH 5.5, incubation temperature of 30°C after 10 days of fermentation. Macro-nutrients addition @ 0.1% ammonium sulphate, 0.01% potassium-di-hydrogen-ortho-phosphate enhanced the production of enzymes. The purified pectinase, cellulase and amylase by SDS-PAGE revealed three bands to molecular mass of 43, 66 and 33kDa, respectively.Out of four natural fibre matrices (bagasse, rice husk, paddy straw and wheat straw) tested for immobilization, maximum enzyme activity retention percent was observed on bagasse matrix (pectinase-56.35%, cellulase-77.68% and amylase-59.54%). Enzymatic juice clarification yield obtained with test enzyme was 75.8% which was as comparable to 80.5% of commercial enzyme.
Efficacy of fremanezumab in refractory chronic migraine patients: Real-world data from the Hull Migraine Clinic, UK
Authors: Ahmed Fayyaz , Cheng Fan , Wu Qinyao , Hussain Mariam , Wilkinson Victoria , Wilson Lisa , Khalil Modar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Fremanezumab is an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody efficacious for chronic migraine prophylaxis. We evaluated real-world prophylactic efficacy of fremanezumab for refractory chronic migraine in a United Kingdom specialist centre (Hull Migraine Clinic).Methods:289 adult chronic migraineurs commenced fremanezumab with prospective follow-up, maintaining headache diaries for ≥1 month pre-fremanezumab initiation and continuously thereafter. Patients failed 6 median previous prophylactics. We measured monthly headache days, migraine days, headache-free days, analgesia medication days, triptan days and Headache Impact Test-6 scores at baseline and during treatment.Results:All outcomes significantly improved in results of 182 patients at 4-month follow-up (p<0.0001), with reduced median monthly headache days (by 9 days), migraine days (by 10 days) and Headache Impact Test-6 (by 14.5 points). 80% patients achieved ≥30% migraine reduction, whilst 68% and 42% patients achieved >50% and >75% reduction. 58%, 39% and 17% patients achieved ≥30%, >50% and >75% headache day reduction. OnabotulinumtoxinA-unresponsive patients exhibited substantial responses, with 78%, 66% and 39% patients achieving ≥30%, >50% and >75% migraine reduction. Medication-overuse did not affect responses. 45% patients achieved <15 headache days in any month, and 65% achieved <8 migraine days in any month. 37% achieved both outcomes. In multivariate analyses, baseline headache-freedom and lower Headache Impact Test-6 score associated with ≥30% migraine reduction (p<0.05), whilst baseline headache-freedom and lower migraine-days associated with achieving <15 headache days in any month (p<0.01).Conclusion:Fremanezumab demonstrates real-world efficacy at 4 months in highly-refractory and onabotulinumtoxinA-unresponsive chronic migraine, irrespective of medication-overuse. Baseline headache-freedom, lower migraine-days and lower Headache Impact Test-6 score heralded superior responses.
Weak Spin-Flip Scattering in Pd89Ni11 Interlayer of NbN-Based Ferromagnetic Josephson Junctions
Authors: Pham Duong , Sugimoto Riku , Oba Kenjiro , Takeshita Yuto , Li Feng , Tanaka Masamitsu , Yamashita Taro , Fujimaki Akira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We studied niobium nitride (NbN)-based π-junctions with a diluted ferromagnetic Pd89Ni11 interlayer (NbN/PdNi/NbN junctions). In the NbN/PdNi/NbN junctions with various PdNi thicknesses, we observed a non-monotonic dependence of the critical currents on PdNi thickness, indicating the effects of the exchange interaction on the superconducting order parameter. From theoretical fitting of the experimental data, we found that the NbN/PdNi/NbN junctions showed a significantly smaller degree of spin-flip scattering in the PdNi interlayer than in the CuNi interlayer of NbN/CuNi/NbN junctions reported previously. The weak spin-flip scattering leads to a longer decay length of the Josephson critical current, so the critical currents were observed over a wide range of PdNi thicknesses (10 – 40 nm). We also fabricated superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) including the NbN/PdNi/NbN junction, using a PdNi thickness in which the π-state was expected. A half-flux-quantum shift, as evidence of the π-state, was observed in the magnetic field-dependent critical currents of the SQUIDs. This result represents an important step towards the practical application of NbN-based π-Josephson junctions.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of glutathione S-transferase gene family in Musa acuminata L. AAA group and gaining an insight to their role in banana fruit development
Authors: Basantani Mahesh , Vaish Swati , Parveen Reshma , Gupta Divya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are a multifunctional protein superfamily that is involved in diverse plant functions such as defense mechanisms, signaling, stress response, secondary metabolism, plant growth and development. Although the banana whole genome sequence is available but the distribution of GST genes on banana chromosomes, their subcellular localization, gene structure, their evolutionary relation with each other, conserved motifs and their roles in banana are still unknown. A total of 50 full length GST genes with the canonical thioredoxin fold have been identified belonging to seven GST classes namely tau, phi, zeta, lambda, DHAR, EF1G and GHR. The 50 GST genes were distributed into 11 banana chromosomes. All the MaGSTs were majorly localized in the cytoplasm. Gene architecture showed the conservation of exon numbers in individual GST classes. MEME analyses revealed few class specific motifs and many motifs were found in all the GST classes. Multiple sequence alignment of banana GST amino acid sequences with rice, Arabidopsis and soybean sequences revealed the Ser and Cys as conserved catalytic residue. Gene duplication analyses showed the tandem duplication as a driving force for GST gene family expansion in banana. Cis-regulatory element analysis showed the dominance of light responsive element followed by stress and hormone responsive element. Expression profiling analyses was also done by RNA-seq data. It was observed that MaGSTs are involved in various stages of fruit development. MaGSTU1 was highly upregulated. The comprehensive and organized studies of MaGST genes family provides groundwork for further functional analysis of MaGST genes in banana at molecular level and further for plant breeding approaches.
A multicentre evaluation exploring the impact of an integrated health and social care intervention for the caregivers of ICU survivors
Authors: McPeake Joanne , Henderson Philip , MacTavish Pamela , Devine Helen , Daniel Malcolm , Lucie Phil , Bollan Lynn , Hogg Lucy , MacMahon Mike , Mulhern Sharon , Murray Pauline , o'neill Laura , strachan Laura , Iwashyna Theodore , Shaw Martin , Quasim Tara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Caregivers and family members of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) survivors can face emotional problems following patient discharge from hospital. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multi-centre integrated health and social care intervention, on caregiver and family member outcomes.Methods: This study evaluated the impact of the Intensive Care Syndrome: Promoting Independence and Return to Employment (InS:PIRE) programme across 9 sites in Scotland. InS:PIRE is an integrated health and social care intervention. We compared caregivers who attended this programme with a contemporary control group of ICU caregivers (usual care cohort), who did not attend. Results: The primary outcome was anxiety measured via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 12 months post hospital discharge. Secondary outcome measures included, depression, carer strain and clinical insomnia. A total of 170 caregivers had data available at 12 months for inclusion in this study. 81 caregivers attended the InS:PIRE intervention and completed outcome measures at 12 months post-hospital discharge. In the usual care cohort of caregivers, 89 completed measures. The two cohorts had similar baseline demographics. After adjustment, those caregivers who attended InS:PIRE demonstrated a significant improvement in symptoms of anxiety (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20-0.89, p=0.02), carer strain (OR: 0.39; 95% CI:0.16-0.98 p=0.04) and clinical insomnia (OR: 0.40; 95% CI:0.17-0.77 p<0.001). There was no significant difference in symptoms of depression at 12 months.Conclusions: This multicentre evaluation has shown that caregivers who attended an integrated health and social care intervention, reported improved emotional health and less symptoms of insomnia, 12 months after the delivery of the intervention.
Do Students of Dance Schools Show Orthorexic Behaviours?
Authors: Grajek Mateusz , Krupa-Kotara Karolina , Białek-Dratwa Agnieszka , Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Many studies have shown that a group of people practicing sports, including those representing sports disciplines that require a slim figure and flexibility, is exposed to an increased risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON). Due to great difficulties in making the final diagnosis, the exact number of people suffering from orthorexia is still unknown. Aim. The study aimed to assess the risk of orthorexic behavior in the group of girls attending ballet schools. The essence of the study was to analyze the anthropometric indicator and eating habits and to correlate them with the obtained risk indicator of orthorexic behaviors. Material and method. The investigated group consisted of 800 female students (10–18 years old) who attended ballet schools in Poland (Silesia). At the beginning of the study, anthropometric measurements of the examined students were performed and a detailed nutritional interview was conducted with them. The dietary habits of the research group were evaluated by the diet quality index (DQI) . To assess the risk of orthorexic behaviors, an ORTO-15, and ORTO-15 PL questionnaires were used. The collected data were statistically analyzed (the Statistica 13.0 package was applied). The degree of probability was 0.05. Results. Based on the DQI it was found that 44% of all respondents reported good, 36% - satisfactory, and 20% - bad eating habits. The genuine risk of eating disorders was observed among 65% (ORTO-15) and 59% (ORTO-15 PL) of subjects. This included students with good dietary habits (65%) and 73% of students who considered themselves to be obese. Statistical inference showed a relationship between the positive result obtained in the ORTO-15 questionnaire and participants’ incorrect perception of their own body (p<0.05). Moreover, it was noted that higher scores in both ORTO scales were obtained by girls whose BMI (62%) and %BF (56%) were in the correct range. Conclusion. This is particularly visible in the group of girls whose eating habits were assessed as good and in the group of ballerinas who consider themselves obese. Moreover, it was noted that BMI and adipose tissue level in the risk group was at the correct level.