bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating risk to promote colorectal cancer screening: a multi-method study to test tailored versus targeted message strategies
Authors: Neil Jordan M , Parker Naomi D , Levites Strekalova Yulia A , Duke Kyle , George Thomas , Krieger Janice L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are suboptimal, partly due to poor communication about CRC risk. More effective methods are needed to educate patients, but little research has examined best practices for communicating CRC risk. This multi-method study tests whether tailoring CRC risk information increases screening intentions. Participants (N = 738) were randomized with a 2:2:1 allocation to tailored, targeted, and control message conditions. The primary outcome was intention to screen for CRC (yes/no). Additional variables include perceived message relevance, perceived susceptibility to CRC, and free-text comments evaluating the intervention. A chi-square test determined differences in the proportion of participants who intended to complete CRC screening by condition. A logistic-based path analysis explored mediation. Free-text comments were analyzed using advanced topic modeling analysis. CRC screening intentions were highest in the tailored intervention and significantly greater than control (P = 0.006). The tailored message condition significantly increased message relevance compared with control (P = 0.027) and targeted conditions (P = 0.002). The tailored condition also increased susceptibility (P &lt; 0.001) compared with control, which mediated the relationship between the tailored condition and intention to screen (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.02, 0.09). The qualitative data reflect similar trends. The theoretical mechanisms and practical implications of tailoring health education materials about CRC risk are discussed.
Work Status Reduction and Cost-Related Nonadherence during Cancer Treatment
Authors: Doherty Meredith , Finik Jackie , Blinder Victoria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Many cancer patients experience a reduction in work status during cancer treatment. Authors analyzed cross-sectional survey data from U.S. cancer patients and survivors to examine the relationship between reduced work status and cost-related nonadherence, defined as skipping or forgoing medical treatments or medications due to cost. Of 381 respondents who were working at the time of diagnosis, 143 reported a reduction in work status during treatment. Age, racial identity, level of education, and treatment type were associated with reductions in work status. Respondents who reduced work status had higher odds of engaging in cost-related nonadherence than those with stable employment. Authors conclude that reduced work status is associated with nonadherence that can undermine treatment benefit and lead to disease progression. This association is troubling given that African American respondents were more likely to report reduced work status during treatment, potentially exacerbating existing cancer health disparities. To reduce treatment nonadherence, social workers should assess for potential employment problems and be prepared to intervene through counseling, community resource referrals, and direct financial assistance. Social workers should be aware of how structural racism is reproduced through inequitable labor policies and practices that have direct implications for health and access to care.
Sex Differences in Responses to Antidepressant Augmentations in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Moderie Christophe , Nuñez Nicolas , Fielding Allan , Comai Stefano , Gobbi Gabriella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from major depressive disorder. Yet, there is a dearth of studies comparing the clinical outcomes of women and men with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) treated with similar augmentation strategies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the augmentation strategies in women and men at the McGill University Health Center.MethodsWe reviewed health records of 76 patients (42 women, 34 men) with TRD, treated with augmentation strategies including antidepressants (AD) with mood stabilizers (AD+MS), antipsychotics (AD+AP), or in combination (AD+AP+MS). Clinical outcomes were determined by comparing changes on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-C16), and Clinical Global Impression rating scale (CGI-S) at the beginning and after 3 months of an unchanged treatment. Changes in individual items of the HAMD-17 were also compared between the groups.ResultsWomen and men improved from beginning to 3 months on all scales (P &lt; .001, η p2 ≥ 0.68). There was also a significant sex × time interaction for all scales (P &lt; .05, η p2 ≥ 0.06), reflecting a greater improvement in women compared with men. Specifically, women exhibited greater improvement in early (P = .03, η p2 = 0.08) and middle-of-the-night insomnia (P = .01, η p2 = 0.09) as well as psychomotor retardation (P &lt; .001 η p2 = 0.16) and psychic (P = .02, η p2 = 0.07) and somatic anxiety (P = .01, η p2 = 0.10).ConclusionsThe combination of AD+AP/MS generates a significantly greater clinical response in women compared with men with TRD, supporting the existence of distinct pharmacological profiles between sexes in our sample. Moreover, they emphasize the benefit of augmentation strategies in women, underscoring the benefit of addressing symptoms such as insomnia and anxiety with AP and MS.
Should ‘Gender Critical’ Views about Trans People Be Protected as Philosophical Beliefs in the Workplace? Lessons for the Future from Forstater, Mackereth and Higgs
Authors: Cowan Sharon , Morris Sean 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Some Employment Tribunal claims brought under the Equality Act 2010 (EqA) involve situations where a person’s protection from discrimination on the grounds of a protected characteristic—such as sex, sexual orientation or gender reassignment—comes into conflict with the rights of others, such as, for example, the right to freedom of expression or the right to manifest religion or belief under the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), or the protection from discrimination on the ground of religious or philosophical belief under the EqA itself. This article provides a critical account of the application of discrimination law in the recent cases of Forstater, Mackereth and Higgs, looking in particular at the application of the Grainger criteria, as well as relevant human rights provisions. Specifically, we offer an analysis of recent cases where claimants have alleged unlawful discrimination relating to ‘gender critical’ views about transgender people (and sex/gender more broadly), which they argue constitute protected religious and/or philosophical beliefs. We argue that while it is necessary that the courts maintain a flexible approach when applying discrimination and human rights law, it is vital that coherent equality principles are applied consistently when reconciling and balancing conflicting rights. This is particularly important in the context of discrimination and human rights, where there is an ongoing debate about the extent to which trans peoples’ rights are adequately protected and whether protecting such rights infringes the rights of others.
Antibiotic use during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth: a population-based Swedish cohort study
Authors: Nguyen M H , Fornes R , Kamau N , Danielsson H , Callens S , Fransson E , Engstrand L , Bruyndonckx R , Brusselaers N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the impact of gestational antibiotics on the risk of preterm birth, since a healthy maternal microbiome may be protective.

Methods
Population-based cohort study including all first pregnancies in Sweden (2006–16). The association between gestational and recent pre-conception systemic antibiotics and preterm birth was assessed by multivariable logistic regression presented as ORs and 95% CIs, adjusted for comorbidities (hypo- and hyperthyroidism, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus pre-gestation), trimester, antibiotic class and treatment duration.

Results
Compared with non-users, antibiotic exposure was associated with increased risks of preterm birth in mothers with comorbidities (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.18–1.48) and without (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.06–1.13). Pre-conception use showed no association, while risk was increased for first and second trimester use and decreased for third trimester use. The increased risks were seen for the following antibiotic groups in mothers without and with comorbidities, respectively: macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.45–1.83; OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.72–3.56); quinolones (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.32–1.94; OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.12–4.03); non-penicillin β-lactams (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.24; OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.07–1.83); other antibacterials (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.14; 1.38, 95% CI 1.16–1.63); and penicillins (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; 1.23, 95% CI 1.09–1.40). Antibiotic indications were not available, which could also affect preterm birth.

Conclusions
Antibiotic use during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, especially in mothers with chronic diseases.
Clinical practice guidelines for the care of psychologically distressed bereaved families who have lost members to physical illness including cancer
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Kubota Yosuke , Ohtake Yoichi , Setou Noriko , Fujimori Maiko , Takeuchi Emi , Kurata Akiko , Okamura Masako , Hasuo Hideaki , Sakamoto Ryo , Miyamoto Seraki , Asai Mariko , Shinozaki Kumiko , Onishi Hideki , Shinomiya Toshiaki , Okuyama Toru , Sakaguchi Yukihiro , Matsuoka Hiromichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Japanese Psycho-Oncology Society and the Japanese Association of Supportive Care in Cancer developed evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the care of psychologically distressed bereaved families who have lost members to physical illness including cancer. The guideline development group formulated two clinical questions. A systematic literature review was conducted. The level of evidence and the strength of the recommendations were graded and recommendation statements validated using the modified Delphi method. The recommendations were as follows: non-pharmacological interventions were indicated for serious psychological distress (depression and grief); antidepressants were indicated for depression; however, psychotropic medications including antidepressants were not recommended for ‘complicated’ grief. These guidelines will facilitate the provision of appropriate care to distressed bereaved family members and highlight areas where further research is needed.
Parental Perception of Child Vulnerability in Parents of Young Children
Authors: Gordo Leire , Iriarte Elejalde Leire , Martínez-Pampliega Ana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective
Parental perception that one’s child may be vulnerable to a threatening illness appears to be negatively associated with the child's socioemotional development. However, there are no studies that have analyzed the association of these dysfunctional parental perceptions on the emotional development of children who have not suffered a previous serious illness. The main objective of the present study was to study the relationship between parental perception of child vulnerability (PPCV) and children's socioemotional development, hypothesizing that PPCV is associated both directly and indirectly with children's socioemotional development through parental reflective functioning and parental competence.

Methods
The study involved 433 mothers and 113 fathers of infants between 0 and 3 years.

Results
PPCV was negatively associated with children's socioemotional development. Likewise, PPCV was indirectly and positively related to children's socioemotional development through the dimension of Interest and Curiosity of parental reflective functioning and parental competence.

Conclusions
The literature has shown that parental dysfunctional perceptions about the health of their children can be negatively associated with children’s socioemotional development. However, if these concerns are associated with increased interest and curiosity about the mental states of the child, this may actually promote the child's socioemotional development.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the sino-nasal tract: about an unusual case report
Authors: Boujida Ismail , Elouazzani Hafsa , Derqaoui Sabrine , Belghiti Hicham , Sayad Zahra , Boulaades Malik , Zouaidia Fouad , Cherradi Nadia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are defined as malignant tumors arising from or differentiating toward the cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. They occur in about 8–16% within the head and neck region. Morphologically, some malignant tumors look like malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, particularly in the head and neck location; however, immunohistochemistry have a great contribution to distinguish between them. This case report is on a 45-year-old woman with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor located in the sino-nasal tract.
Emphysematous epididymo-orchitis: imaging plays a vital part in active management: case report and literature review
Authors: Ilangovan Sanjana , Ghazanfar Noman , Chitale Sudhanshu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We hereby present a rare cause of acute scrotum secondary to emphysematous epididymo-orchitis (EEO). It is often not diagnosed until crepitus is palpable in the scrotal wall with spreading cellulitis, at which point it has reached an advanced stage. This case report details a 55-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes who presented with an acute scrotum that failed to resolve with oral antibiotics in primary care. Following rapid detection of EEO on an early scrotal ultrasound scan, the patient had surgical debridement and a near-total orchidectomy with only a small stump of testis and tunica albuginea left behind. This case highlights the importance of timely imaging, particularly in diabetic men with an acute scrotum with a high clinical suspicion of intratesticular abscess. An incidental but significant finding of EEO would warrant early surgical intervention to prevent a catastrophic sequelae i.e. Fournier’s gangrene.
Reasoning about epistemic social network dynamics using dynamic term-modal logic
Authors: Occhipinti Liberman AndrÉs , Rendsvig Rasmus K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Logics for social networks have been studied in the recent literature. This paper presents a framework based on dynamic term-modal logic ($\textsf {DTML}$), a quantified variant of dynamic epistemic logic (DEL). In contrast with DEL where it is commonly known to whom agent names refer, $\textsf {DTML}$ can represent dynamics with uncertainty about agent identity. We exemplify dynamics where such uncertainty and de re/de dicto distinctions are key to social network epistemics. Technically, we show that $\textsf {DTML}$ semantics can represent a popular class of hybrid logic epistemic social network models. We also show that $\textsf {DTML}$ can encode previously discussed dynamics for which finding a complete logic was left open. As complete reduction axioms systems exist for $\textsf {DTML}$, this yields a complete system for the dynamics in question.
Sensitive Chandra coverage of a representative sample of weak-line quasars: revealing the full range of X-ray properties
Authors: Ni Q , Brandt W N , Luo B , Garmire G P , Hall P B , Plotkin R M , Shemmer O , Timlin J D , Vito F , Wu J , Yi W 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present deeper Chandra observations for weak-line quasars (WLQs) in a representative sample that previously had limited X-ray constraints, and perform X-ray photometric analyses to reveal the full range of X-ray properties of WLQs. Only 5 of the 32 WLQs included in this representative sample remain X-ray undetected after these observations, and a stacking analysis shows that these 5 have an average X-ray weakness factor of &gt;85. One of the WLQs in the sample that was known to have extreme X-ray variability, SDSS J1539+3954, exhibited dramatic X-ray variability again: it changed from an X-ray normal state to an X-ray weak state within ≈3 months in the rest frame. This short time-scale for an X-ray flux variation by a factor of ≳9 further supports the thick disc and outflow (TDO) model proposed to explain the X-ray and multiwavelength properties of WLQs. The overall distribution of the X-ray-to-optical properties of WLQs suggests that the TDO has an average covering factor of the X-ray emitting region of ∼0.5, and the column density of the TDO can range from $N_{\rm H}\, \sim 10^{23-24}~{\rm cm}^{-2}$ to $N_{\rm H}\, \gtrsim 10^{24}~{\rm cm}^{-2}$, which leads to different levels of absorption and Compton reflection (and/or scattering) among WLQs.
A very low central oxygen mass in the peculiar type Ia SN 2010lp: further diversity at the low-luminosity end of SNe Ia
Authors: Mazzali P A , Benetti S , Stritzinger M , Ashall C 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
A nebular spectrum of the peculiar, low-luminosity type Ia supernova 2010lp is modelled in order to estimate the composition of the inner ejecta and to illuminate the nature of this event. Despite having a normally declining light curve, SN 2010lp was similar spectroscopically to SN 1991bg at early times. However, it showed a very unusual double-peaked [O i] $\lambda \lambda \, 6300,6363$ emission at late times (Taubenberger et al.). Modelling of the nebular spectrum suggests that a very small amount of oxygen (∼0.05 M⊙), expanding at very low speed (≲ 2000 km s−1) is sufficient to reproduce the observed emission. The rest of the nebula is not too dissimilar from SN 1991bg, except that SN 2010lp is slightly more luminous. The double-peaked [O i] emission suggests that SN 2010lp may be consistent with the merger or collision of two low-mass white dwarfs. The low end of the SN Ia luminosity sequence is clearly populated by diverse events, where different channels may contribute.
Observationally driven Galactic double white dwarf population for LISA
Authors: Korol Valeriya , Hallakoun Na’ama , Toonen Silvia , Karnesis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Realistic models of the Galactic double white dwarf (DWD) population are crucial for testing and quantitatively defining the science objectives of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a future European Space Agency’s gravitational-wave observatory. In addition to numerous individually detectable DWDs, LISA will also detect an unresolved confusion foreground produced by the underlying Galactic population, which will affect the detectability of all LISA sources at frequencies below a few mHz. So far, the modelling of the DWD population for LISA has been based on binary population synthesis (BPS) techniques. The aim of this study is to construct an observationally driven population. To achieve this, we employ a model developed by Maoz, Hallakoun & Badenes for the statistical analysis of the local DWD population using two complementary large, multi-epoch, spectroscopic samples: the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and the Supernova Ia Progenitor surveY. We calculate the number of LISA-detectable DWDs and the Galactic confusion foreground, based on their assumptions and results. We find that the observationally driven estimates yield (1) 2–5 times more individually detectable DWDs than various BPS forecasts, and (2) a significantly different shape of the DWD confusion foreground. Both results have important implications for the LISA mission. A comparison between several variations to our underlying assumptions shows that our observationally driven model is robust, and that the uncertainty on the total number of LISA-detectable DWDs is in the order of 20 per cent.
Phylodynamic Inference of Bacterial Outbreak Parameters Using Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Steinig Eike , Duchêne Sebastián , Aglua Izzard , Greenhill Andrew , Ford Rebecca , Yoannes Mition , Jaworski Jan , Drekore Jimmy , Urakoko Bohu , Poka Harry , Wurr Clive , Ebos Eri , Nangen David , Manning Laurens , Laman Moses , Firth Cadhla , Smith Simon , Pomat William , Tong Steven Y C , Coin Lachlan , McBryde Emma , Horwood Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanopore sequencing and phylodynamic modeling have been used to reconstruct the transmission dynamics of viral epidemics, but their application to bacterial pathogens has remained challenging. Cost-effective bacterial genome sequencing and variant calling on nanopore platforms would greatly enhance surveillance and outbreak response in communities without access to sequencing infrastructure. Here, we adapt random forest models for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) polishing developed by Sanderson and colleagues (2020. High precision Neisseria gonorrhoeae variant and antimicrobial resistance calling from metagenomic nanopore sequencing. Genome Res. 30(9):1354–1363) to estimate divergence and effective reproduction numbers (Re) of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreaks from remote communities in Far North Queensland and Papua New Guinea (PNG; n = 159). Successive barcoded panels of S. aureus isolates (2 × 12 per MinION) sequenced at low coverage (&gt;5× to 10×) provided sufficient data to accurately infer genotypes with high recall when compared with Illumina references. Random forest models achieved high resolution on ST93 outbreak sequence types (&gt;90% accuracy and precision) and enabled phylodynamic inference of epidemiological parameters using birth–death skyline models. Our method reproduced phylogenetic topology, origin of the outbreaks, and indications of epidemic growth (Re &gt; 1). Nextflow pipelines implement SNP polisher training, evaluation, and outbreak alignments, enabling reconstruction of within-lineage transmission dynamics for infection control of bacterial disease outbreaks on portable nanopore platforms. Our study shows that nanopore technology can be used for bacterial outbreak reconstruction at competitive costs, providing opportunities for infection control in hospitals and communities without access to sequencing infrastructure, such as in remote northern Australia and PNG.
GREEN-DB: a framework for the annotation and prioritization of non-coding regulatory variants from whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: Giacopuzzi Edoardo , Popitsch Niko , Taylor Jenny C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Non-coding variants have long been recognized as important contributors to common disease risks, but with the expansion of clinical whole genome sequencing, examples of rare, high-impact non-coding variants are also accumulating. Despite recent advances in the study of regulatory elements and the availability of specialized data collections, the systematic annotation of non-coding variants from genome sequencing remains challenging. Here, we propose a new framework for the prioritization of non-coding regulatory variants that integrates information about regulatory regions with prediction scores and HPO-based prioritization. Firstly, we created a comprehensive collection of annotations for regulatory regions including a database of 2.4 million regulatory elements (GREEN-DB) annotated with controlled gene(s), tissue(s) and associated phenotype(s) where available. Secondly, we calculated a variation constraint metric and showed that constrained regulatory regions associate with disease-associated genes and essential genes from mouse knock-outs. Thirdly, we compared 19 non-coding impact prediction scores providing suggestions for variant prioritization. Finally, we developed a VCF annotation tool (GREEN-VARAN) that can integrate all these elements to annotate variants for their potential regulatory impact. In our evaluation, we show that GREEN-DB can capture previously published disease-associated non-coding variants as well as identify additional candidate disease genes in trio analyses.