bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Ecological Factors Regarding the Use of Disposable Containers among Khomeini Shahr Residents:A Qualitive Study
Authors: Taghi Ghanein Mohammad , Zamani Fereshteh , Ebrahimi Abdolmajid , Rahmati Maryam , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Mir Hosseini Abolghasem 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Excessive consumption of disposable containers, and specifically the plastic ones, has adverse effects on ecosystem and the community's health. To identify ecological factors (individual, interpersonal and social) related to these containers, this study aimed to specify the most important factors according to the participants.
Methods: This was a qualitative content analysis conducted through interviews with participants in different age and gender groups in Khomeini Shahr, Esfahan, in 2021, and continued until data saturation with 37 participants was reached. Data analysis was performed by qualitative content analysis method, based on the steps suggested by Elo in MAXQDA20 software.
Results: The results demonstrated that the factors affecting the use of disposable containers were divided into two main categories of individual factors including four subcategories: preferences and priorities, personal beliefs, information and knowledge, fear and negative emotions. The interpersonal and social factors included nine subcategories: force of using, conflict between economic advantages and health, features and efficiency, putting foodstuff in disposable containers, hygiene elements related to health, factors related to families, social norms, the effect of advertisements, and increasing places using disposable containers.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that comfort of use, being light and unbreakabl, ease of transportation, welfare and observing hygiene issues increased the use of containers, but paying attention to the health issues and effective educational sessions on the proper consumption of these disposable containers, can decrease the use of these containers.
Causes and Consequences of Male Infertility
Authors: Hashemikhah Zeinab , Afshani SeyedAlireza 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Infertility has various and innumerable causes, which pointing them out one by one is difficult and out of the scope of this paper. Infertility causes are different between males and females, and each case requires a separate and thorough research. The present study aimed to identify the male infertility causes.
Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative method, which analyzed the infertile males' accounts regarding their problem. For this purpose, couples suffering from infertility were interviewed 13 times .In all these cases, men were responsible for infertility, but both men and women experienced the issues related to infertility. Interviews were analyzed using Glaser approach.
Results: Various causes regarding male infertility were discussed, the most important of which was infertility as a consequence of previous diseases. Furthermore, in addition to the cultural view of women as the ones responsible for infertility, infertile males unconsciously, affected the fertility of their female partners, where ,in time they also became infertile.
Conclusions: In general, all the points discussed, were classified into five categories including: “genetic infertility,” “physiological infertility,” “gender stereotypes of infertility,” “reproduction of male infertility,” and “genesis of infertility,” from which the core concept of “the challenges of infertility” was derived.
A Review of Orthopaedic Resident Case Logs to Identify Fluctuations in Exposure to Adult Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Levidy Michael F. , Dobitsch Andrew , Luis Justin , Fano Adam N. , Para Ashok , Vosbikian Michael , Beebe Kathleen , Kaushal Neil 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Orthopaedic surgery resident case exposure is an important component of surgical training and is monitored by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) to ensure resident readiness for graduation. The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in exposure to adult orthopaedic surgical procedures and analyze the impact of the 2013 update in ACGME case logging expectations.

Methods:
A retrospective review of ACGME case log data was conducted for adult orthopaedic procedures performed by graduating orthopaedic surgery residents from 2012 to 2020. Trends in the number of cases logged and the case share by anatomical location were investigated. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze changes in case number over the 9-year period.

Results:
For all surgical categories, there was stability in the average case number per resident from 2012 to 2013, followed by a precipitous decrease from 2013 to 2014. From 2014 to 2020, there has been a gradual increase in case number for all categories except “other musculoskeletal (MSK),” resulting in a total 46% recovery since the 2014 decline. Concomitant with the decline, there was a relative increase in pelvis/hip and femur/knee procedures and decrease in shoulder, other MSK, and spine procedures. From 2014 to 2020, shoulder, humerus/elbow, pelvis/hip, leg/ankle, foot/toes, and spine cases have gradually accounted for a larger proportion of total cases while femur/knee and “other MSK” cases have accounted for less.

Conclusions:
The 2013 update in ACGME case logging expectations was associated with a significant decrease in case number. This is likely a reflection of residents correctly entering 1 primary Current Procedural Terminology code for each surgical case. Programs should be aware of a general increase in case number since 2014 and acknowledge the fact that some procedure types may be given priority from a logging standpoint when multiple Current Procedural Terminology codes apply.
Effects of Marijuana Use in Patients with Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Sheppard Sean G. , Wall Pelle V. , Wheatley Benjamin , Kent William 
Published: February 2022

➢ The use of cannabis and cannabis-related products has increased dramatically in the last 2 decades. As states continue to legalize cannabis products, it is important for surgeons to understand the effects they may have on patients who have sustained orthopaedic trauma.➢ Cannabinoids have been shown to decrease the severity of certain symptoms related to traumatic brain injury as well as posttraumatic stress disorder.➢ Cannabinoids can modulate the body’s endocannabinoid system, which can play an important role in bone homeostasis. Activation of cannabinoid receptors has been shown to be bone-protective in adults.➢ Venous thromboembolism is a major concern for trauma patients. Cannabis use has been linked to overall increased rates of venous thromboembolism events.➢ Literature regarding human-based cannabis studies is sparse; however, the growing field is opening new opportunities for research of this topic.
Geochemistry and Provenances of the Paleoproterozoic Terrigenous Rocks of the Urik–Iya Graben (Southern Siberian Craton)
Authors: Motova Z.L. , Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Demonterova E.I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
—We present results of petrographic, geochemical, and isotope-geochemical (Sm–Nd) studies of the Paleoproterozoic terrigenous rocks of the Urik–Iya graben, which formed during three successive stages of extension. We have established that these rocks are both petrogenic (Ingashi and Daldarma formations) and lithogenic (Ermosokha Formation) sediments. It is concluded that the rocks in the lower and, partly, middle parts of the Urik–Iya graben section (Ingashi Formation and Lower Daldarma Subformation) resulted mostly from the disintegration of felsic igneous rocks. The terrigenous rocks in the middle part of the section (Upper Daldarma Subformation) might have formed through the disintegration of both felsic and mafic igneous rocks. The rocks in the upper part of the section (Ermosokha Formation) probably formed from the underlying terrigenous rocks of the Ingashi and Daldarma formations. The Nd model age (2.3–2.5 Ga) estimated for the rocks of the three studied sections points to a predominance of rocks of the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic upper continental crust in the provenance.
Observation of unconventional many-body scarring in a quantum simulator
Authors: Su Guo-Xian , Sun Hui , Hudomal Ana , Desaules Jean-Yves , Zhou Zhaoyu , Yang Bing , Halimeh Jad , Yuan Zhen-Sheng , Papic Zlatko , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The ongoing quest for understanding nonequilibrium dynamics of complex quantum systems underpins the foundation of statistical physics as well as the development of quantum technology. Quantum many-body scarring has recently opened a window into novel mechanisms for delaying the onset of thermalization, however its experimental realization remains limited to the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ state in a Rydberg atom system. Here we realize unconventional many-body scarring in a Bose--Hubbard quantum simulator with a previously unknown initial condition -- the unit-filling state. Our measurements of entanglement entropy illustrate that scarring traps the many-body system in a low-entropy subspace. Further, we develop a quantum interference protocol to probe out-of-time correlations, and demonstrate the system's return to the vicinity of the initial state by measuring single-site fidelity. Our work makes the resource of scarring accessible to a broad class of ultracold-atom experiments, and it allows to explore its relation to constrained dynamics in lattice gauge theories, Hilbert space fragmentation, and disorder-free localization.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Vitiligo in Non-Melanoma Patients: Characterization and Management
Authors: Lo Jonathan , Hanania Hannah , Keiser Monika , Patel Anisha B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study highlights the range of non-melanoma cancers where ICI-induced vitiligo can be present and challenges the exclusivity of this phenomenon to melanoma. We believe our manuscript will encourage awareness in our colleagues and stimulate interest in further studies to elucidate the mechanisms of ICI-induced vitiligo in both melanoma and non-melanoma cancers, and to understand whether this phenomenon holds the same positive prognostic value in both cancer groups.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study from a single-institution’s electronic medical record for cancer patients treated with ICIs who subsequently developed vitiligo. Results: We identified 151 patients with ICI-induced vitiligo, 19 (12.6%) non-melanoma and 132 (77.4%) melanoma patients. Time to onset of vitiligo was nearly doubled in the non-melanoma cohort, however, this is confounded by possible delayed diagnosis or under reporting of this asymptomatic condition in patients who do not regularly receive skin exams. The majority of patients had a stable course of vitiligo with 91.4% receiving no treatment in this largely Caucasian cohort. Two patients with non-melanoma cancers and Fitzpatrick type IV or above skin received treatment with narrowband ultraviolet B light therapy and topical steroids with near-complete response. Conclusions: This study highlights the occurrence of ICI-induced vitiligo in a variety of non-melanoma cancers, where skin of color patients will be more prevalent and the need for treatment will potentially be more urgent. Further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism of ICI-induced vitiligo and determine if non-melanoma cancers have the same association between vitiligo and increased tumor response.
Efficacy and Safety of Verapamil Through Indwelling Pleural Catheters in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion.
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wei Feifei , Zhu Yingwei , Liang Yajing , Xu Zihui , Cheng Tao , Xu Kequn 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: The clinical efficacy and safety of verapamil combined with anti-tumor drugs through pleural perfusion in the malignant pleural effusion(MPE) were observed. Methods: From January 2013 to June 2019, 79 patients with MPE were randomized. There were 37 cases in control group and 42 cases in the treatment group. After MPE were completely drained, anti-tumor drugs or verapamil combined with anti-tumor drugs were perfused through indwelling pleural catheters(IPCs). In the control group: interleukin-2(IL-2) 3M units and cisplatin; In the treatment group: IL-2 3M units, cisplatin and verapamil. After 1 cycle of treatment, the clinical efficacy and toxic side response were evaluated as well as median survival and overall survival. Results: After treatment, 2 cases acquired complete remission (CR) and 17 cases acquired partial remission (PR). The efficacy (CR add PR) was 51.35% in the control group; 6 cases acquired CR and 28 cases acquired PR. The efficacy (CR add PR) was 80.95% in the treatment group; The efficacy was significantly different in the two group (p<0.05). Median survival was 4 months in the control group and 13 months in treatment group. The over survival(OS) was significantly different in the two group (p<0.05). After verapamib combined with chemotherapy were perfused, the patient had appeared Ⅰ~Ⅱ degree reaction and all were relieved in a short period of time. Among them, 17 cases appeared leukopenia (40.47%), 23 cases had nausea and vomiting (54.76%), 10 cases appeared diarrhea (23.80%), 6 cases appeared had hair loss (14.28%), 19 cases appeared fever (45.23%), 9 cases appeared liver impairment (21.42%). The toxic side reactions and adverse cardiovascular effects in treatment group was no significant different from them of in the control group. Conclusion: The therapy of verapamil combined with anti-tumor drugs through IPC is effective and safe in the MEP.
Helicobacter pylori eradication failure in patients don't receive antibiotics with high resistance and have good compliance: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Canxia , Luo Ju , Zhao Wenfang , Chi Jingshu , Liu Peng , Xie Xiaoran 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The eradication rate of the standard bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection has gradually decreased in China, even patients don't receive antibiotics with high resistance and have good compliance.Objective: To investigate why patients experienced standard bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (not include clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin) with good compliance still eradication failure, we performed a retrospective, single center study to identify causes of treatment failure.Methods: Patients with H.pylori infection who were treated with standard bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (not include clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin) and received a test of cure at The third xiangya hospital between Oct. 2017 and May. 2021 were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Eradication rates were calculated and compared between regimens and subgroups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of eradication failure. Results: nine hundred and seventy five patients were included in the final analysis, 891 patients were successful eradicated, the total successful eradication rate was 91.4%. The quadruple therapy containing amoxicillin plus doxycycline achieved the highest eradication rate (93.0%), followed by therapy that consisted of amoxicillin plus furazolidone (92.1%) and doxycycline plus furazolidone (90.8%). There was no significant difference in the eradication rate between these groups. Logistic regression analysis found that male (OR：1.984；95%CI：1.176-3.345), 45-years old and above (OR：2.902；95%CI：1.628-5.171) were associated with an increased risk of eradication failure. In primary therapy, Male (OR：2.085；95%CI：1.188-3.658), 45-years old and above (OR：3.072；95%CI：1.659-5.688), the history of antibiotic abuse (OR：2.624；95%CI：1.267-5.436) and eating out (OR：1.923；95%CI：1.034-3.577) were associated with an increased risk of eradication failure.Conclusions: Male, aged (≥45years old) are factors affecting H.pylori eradication failure in patients don't receive antibiotics with high resistance and have good compliance. Male, aged (≥45years old), the history of antibiotic abuse and eating out are factors affecting H.pylori primary eradication failure in patients don't receive antibiotics with high resistance and have good compliance.
Effect of CPB Glucose Levels on Inflammatory Response After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Zeng Zhi-Hua , Yu Xin-Yi , Liu Xiao-cheng , Liu Zhi-Gang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. There are no definite optimal glycemic threshold for pediatric patients receiving open-heart surgery with CPB. The study aimed to investigate the optimal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) glucose in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods: We enrolled children with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical repair between June 2012 and December 2020. We included only patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB. The primary outcome was severe SIRS. A two-piece-wise regression model was applied to examine threshold effect of CPB glucose on severe SIRS.Results: A total of 7350 patients were enrolled in the present study, of whom 3895 (52.99%) are female. After potential confounders were adjusted, non-linear relationship was detected between CPB glucose and severe SIRS, whose turning point was 8.1. By gender, the J-shaped risk curve for female patients is not significantly different from the risk curve for male patients. With CPB glucose < 8.1mmol/L, the estimated dose-response curve was consistent with a horizontal line. However, the prevalence of severe SIRS increased with increasing glucose up to the turning point (Glucose > 8.1mmol/L); the odds ratio (OR) of the Glucose was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.99-2.28). Conclusions: The present study indicates the association of CPB glucose with inflammatory response after pediatric cardiac surgery. The patients might have the best outcomes with the optimal CPB glucose no more than 8.1mmol/L.
Entanglement Between Nanoelectromechanical Systems Mediated by a Transmission Line Resonator
Authors: Neto Olimpio Pereira de Sa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this letters, is considered a simple chip composed of three devices, where we have two nanoelectromechanical systems capacitive coupling with a transmission line resonator, in which this interaction is approximated to two nondegenerate parametric oscilator interaction. For Entanglement analysis, we take two identical nanoelectromechanical systems with a thermal initial state.
Development of a Multiplex RT- PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Four Potential Zoonotic Swine Enteric RNA Viruses
Authors: Wang Yue , Werid Gebremeskel Mamu , Ibrahim Yassein M. , Zhang He , Pan Yu , Zhang Lin , Xu Yunfei , Zhang Wenli , Wang Wei , Chen Hongyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Swine enteric viruses like porcine Sapovirus (SaV), porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), porcine rotavirus A (RVA) and porcine astroviruses (AstV) are potentially zoonotic viruses or suspected of potential zoonosis. These viruses have been detected in pigs with or without clinical signs and often occur as coinfections. Despite the potential public health risks, no assay for detecting them all at once has been developed. Hence, in this study, a multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of SaV, EMCV, RVA and AstV from swine fecal samples. The PCR parameters were optimized using specific primers for each target virus. The assay's sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and application to field samples have been evaluated. Using a pool of plasmids containing the respective viral target fragments as a template, the developed mRT-PCR successfully detected 2.5 × 103 copies of each target virus. The assay's specificity was tested using six other enteric viruses as a template and did not show any cross-reactivity. A total of 280 field samples were tested with the mRT-PCR assay. Positive rates for SaV, EMCV, RVA, and AstV were found to be 24.6% (69/280), 5% (14/280), 4.3% (12/280), and 17.5% (49/280), respectively. Compared to performing separate assays for each virus, this mRT-PCR assay is a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method for detecting mixed or single infections of SaV, EMCV, RVA, and AstV.
Murine model preclinical assessment of PEGylated block copolymer targeting cognition and oxidative stress insults of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chaudhury Sutapa Som , Nandi Mridula , Kumar Krishna , Ruidas Bhuban , Sur Tapas Kumar , Prasad Parash , Chakrabarti Saikat , De Priyadarsi , Sil Jaya , Mukhopadhyay Chitrangada Das 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Misfolded peptide amyloid beta (Aβ42), neurofibrillary tangles of hyper-phosphorylated tau, oxidative damage to the brain, neuroinflammation are distinguished determinants of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) responsible for disease progression. This multifaceted neurodegenerative disease is challenging to cure under a single treatment regime until the key disease-determinants are traced for their sequential occurrence in disease progression. In an early report, a novel side-chain tripeptide containing PEGylated block copolymer has been tested thoroughly in vitro and in silico for the early inhibition of Aβ42-aggregation as well as degradation of preformed Aβ42-fibril deposits. The present study demonstrates a preclinical assessment of the PEGylated block copolymer in colchicine-induced AD mimicking murine model. The colchicine induced Wistar rats receiving an intranasal delivery of the block copolymer at a daily dosage of 100 µg/kg and 200 µg/kg body weights respectively for 14 days manifested a notable attenuation of behavioral deficit pattern, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitters’ deficiency as compared to the untreated ones. The current study also reports the ameliorative property of the PEGylated compound for progressive neuroinflammation and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics in astrocytoma cell line viz. U87. A closer look into the drug mechanism of action of a compact three-dimensional PEGylated block copolymer confirmed its disintegrative interaction with Aβ42 fibril via an in silico simulation. The results obtained herein this study signify the potential of the novel PEGylated block copolymer to ameliorate the cognitive decline and progressive oxidative insults in AD, and may envision a successful clinical phase trial.
Assessment of rainwater harvesting potential of Rachuonyo North Sub-Catchment in Kenya using the Australian water balance model
Authors: Odhiambo Kevin O. , Ong'or Basil T. Iro , Kanda Edwin K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is emerging as a promising alternative source of water in sub-Saharan Africa. It can be an alternative source of good-quality water to substitute other freshwater sources, to enable crop production beyond the growing season through supplemental irrigation as well as to improve the environment by minimizing the effect of drought and floods. The Rachuonyo North Sub-County of Kenya experiences low rainfall coupled with high population with limited access to reliable water sources. The study assessed the RWH potential of the Rachuonyo North Sub-Catchment with the aim of providing information on alternative water resources to meet the water demands for agriculture as well as domestic use in the region. The Australian water balance model (AWBM) was used to simulate the RWH potential of the Rachuonyo North Sub-Catchment using the area rainfall, evapotranspiration and river flow data. The calibration and validation of the model were performed with calibration and validation results yielding Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values of 0.503 and 1.00, respectively. Research findings indicated that the area has a potential for RWH with runoff harvest of between 104,496 and 43,646,142 m3/month, which can significantly support the residential and irrigation water demands for the area. Policymakers and development agencies in the region should pro-actively put in place measures to promote RWH interventions as a tool for increasing access to water. The methodology in the study is suitable for adaption for rainfall–runoff simulation in other sub-Saharan African regions where data are limiting.