bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Prophylactic Enoxaparin Against Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Bennett Erin , Delgado-Corcoran Claudia , Pannucci Christopher J. , Wilcox Roger , Heyrend Caroline , Faustino Edward Vincent 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES
To assess the biochemical and clinical outcomes of hospitalized children who received prophylactic enoxaparin.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective observational study of hospitalized children aged &lt;18 years who received prophylactic enoxaparin against hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE). Weight-based enoxaparin dosing was administered using a pharmacy-driven protocol, which later included a low molecular weight, anti-Xa level directed-dose adjustment strategy. Primary biochemical and clinical outcomes were achievement of goal anti-Xa range of 0.2 to 0.5 IU/mL and development of HA-VTE, respectively. Secondary clinical outcome was development of clinically relevant bleed.

RESULTS
We analyzed 194 children with 13 (6.7%) infants aged &lt;1 year and 181 (93.3%) older children aged ≥1 year. After the initial dose, only 1 (11.1%) infant, but 62 (57.9%) older children, achieved goal. Median number of anti-Xa levels until goal was 2 (interquartile range: 2–3) in infants and 1 (interquartile range: 1–2) in older children (P = .01). HA-VTE developed in 2 (15.4%) infants and 9 (5.0%) older children. Among children with anti-Xa level, HA-VTE developed less frequently in children who achieved (2.1%) than in those who did not achieve (13.6%) goal (P = .046). A total of 4 (2.1%) older children and no infants developed clinically relevant bleed. Among children with anti-Xa level, frequency of bleeding was comparable between children who did (3.2%) and did not achieve (0%) goal (P &gt;.99).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest the effectiveness and safety of an anti-Xa level directed strategy of prophylactic enoxaparin. However, this strategy should be investigated in prospective controlled studies.
Prevalence of myopia and its risk factors in school going children
Authors: BJ Sannidhi , Sujatha M A Rani , Sinha Durgesh Kumar , Karanvi Shweta , KC Ranjitha , Bokhari Syed Saifullah 
Published: May 2022

: To identify the prevalence of myopia and its risk factor among the school going children.Study sample included school going children between 5 and 16 years of age. We recorded degree of myopia by autorefractometer and streak retinoscopy after mydriasis, and students with refractive error of ≥-0.5 D for at least one eye were considered as myopic. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed.A total of 764 children were considered for the study. Prevalence of childhood myopia in hospital based study was 16.5 % with male to female ratio 53:47. Headache was most common complain for hospital visit. Most common age group affected was 7-12 and 13-16 years. In 18.53% of patients family history was present.Due to high magnitude of uncorrected myopia, it appears to be a public health problem both in urban areas, which suggest that an increase in outdoor activity may help to reduce the magnitude of the problem.
Optimization of Well Layout for Gas Production from Hydrate Dissociation by Using Dual Horizontal Wells
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Bisheng , Zhang Zongfeng , Nie Yuanxun , Zhang Haitao , Wang Guangjin 
Published: May 2022

Summary
Natural gas hydrate (NGH) has received increasing attention for being an abundant source of clean methane production and enhancing its productivity is one of the most important issues to be solved for commercialization exploitation. In this work, the commercial package HYDRATE V1.5 is used to simulate hydrate dissociation by depressurization method from an NGH reservoir by using dual horizontally parallel wells (DHPWs). The effect of a few factors, such as well layout and different well separations (WSs) on the production performance (i.e., rate and mass of the total gas released in the reservoir, gas and water production from the well, gas and hydrate saturations, and pressure distribution), is investigated. It is found that, compared to single-well case, the dual horizontal wells with vertical layout do not increase the hydrate dissociation rate and thus are not recommended for well layout. The arrival time for reaching the first and second peaks of the gas release rate in the reservoir is mainly related to the distance between the well and NGH layer boundary, dwb (i.e., the larger dwb, the larger arrival time). Compared to the single well, the dual wells with horizontal layout could increases the gas production by one time when the well works individually. In addition, the optimal WS exists for the dual wells with horizontal layout. If the WS is too small, the two wells work like a single well after some time in terms of working efficiency. Overall, the larger the WS, the larger the rate and mass of gas released in the reservoir. Among the cases studied in which the thickness of the NGH layer LH ranges from 22 to 120 m, horizontal layout with WS between 60 and 120 m is a potentially good option for dual-well production. This is due to the following two reasons. First, given the number of wells is fixed, when the WS is larger (say 120 m or above), the mass of gas released is larger than that in the case with smaller WS (say 60, 80, or 100 m), but the difference is very small. Second, for a given NGH reservoir with finite width, smaller WS means that more wells are allowed to be drilled, thus potentially enhancing the gas productivity.
Neuronal DSCAM regulates the peri-synaptic localization of GLAST in Bergmann Glia for the functional synapse formation
Authors: Dewa Kenichi , Arimura Nariko , Kakegawa Wataru , Itoh Masayuki , Miyashita Satoshi , Taya Shinichiro , Miyazaki Taisuke , Usui Chika , Tatsumoto Shoji , Tsuzuki Akiko , Uetake Hirotomo , Sakai Kazuhisa , Inoue Yukiko , Yamakawa Kazuhiro , Kawaguchi Yoshiya , Sone Masaki , Inoue Takayoshi , Go Yasuhiro , Ichinohe Noritaka , Kaibuchi Kozo , Watanabe Masahiko , Koizumi Schuichi , Yuzaki Michisuke , Hoshino Mikio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Synapse formation and functioning are vital for neural network development. Astrocytes ensheathing synapses enable appropriate synapse functioning through glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft; however, it remains unclear how astrocytic glutamate transporter proteins function at peri-synaptic contact. Here, we report that down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) in Purkinje cells controls climbing fiber (CF) synaptogenesis in the developing cerebellum. Dscam-mutant mice mimicked loss-of-function mutations in the astrocytic glutamate transporter GLAST expressed in Bergmann glia. These mice showed impaired glutamate clearance by the delocalization of GLAST, which complexed with the extracellular domain of DSCAM. Riluzole-induced reduction of free glutamate at the synaptic cleft rescued the impairment of CF synapse formation in Purkinje cell-selective Dscam-deficient mice. DSCAM was required for motor learning, but not gross motor coordination. In conclusion, the intercellular association of synaptic and astrocyte proteins in the tripartite synapse is critical for synapse formation and functioning in neural transmission.
Colonial waterbirds provide persistent subsides to swamp forests along an estuarine island food chain
Authors: Silva Felipe Caseiro , Faria Fernando Azevedo , Barreto Cindy Tavares , Fernandez Cínthia Negrine , Bugoni Leandro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to their high mobility, large vertebrates are efficient carriers of allochthonous matter and energy. Waterbirds congregate in breeding colonies, while feed in surrounding aquatic and terrestrial areas, promoting nutritional pulses to nutrient-poor environments. In southern Brazil, a swamp forest on an estuarine island is used by waterbirds for breeding. Aiming to investigate the potential effects of transport of matter between symmetrically rich environments, soil, plants, invertebrates, and terrestrial bird blood were collected and stable isotopes compared to similar organisms in a control area. Generalized linear models indicated that δ 15 N and δ 13 C values show positive effects when compared to the control area (spatial effect). The enrichment provided during the active colony period persists, well after the breeding period, especially for δ 15 N which was higher in all compartments (temporal effect). Moreover, the enrichment of δ 15 N occurred along the entire trophic chain (vertical effect) in the colony environment, including different guilds of invertebrates and land birds. For δ 13 C, the enrichment seems to lose strength, and factors such as trophic guild are shown to have greater explicability on values than site, especially in birds. Bayesian mixture models with terrestrial vs. estuarine endpoints demonstrated that all organisms from both colony and control environments had assimilated estuarine matter. Detritivorous invertebrates showed greater assimilation when compared to other guilds. This study demonstrates that symetrically nutrient-rich environments, such as palustrine forests and estuaries, benefit from nearby allochtonous subsidies, and are nutritionally enriched in several dimensions.
Middle Mesial Canals Prevalence percentage and Its Configuration type Among Some Egyptian Population by CBCT
Authors: Rokaya Mohammed E. , Kamel Wael Hussein , Hassan Khalid S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: An untreated root canal is one of the main causes of failure in endodontics. The aims of this study were to detect the middle mesial canals (MMCs) prevalence in mandibular 1st molars, its configuration type, and its percentage of incidence with age by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) analysis.Methods: CBCT scan of 1650 patients were observed between January 2021 to February 2022 were collected using the CBCT imaging system from the database of the department of oral radiology, faculty of dental medicine, Al-Azhar university - Assiut branch. CBCT scan images were analyzed by Sidexis software. CBCT images were examined to detect the following: (1) The percentage of incidence frequency of the MMCs, (2) MMCs classification, and (3) Frequency of occurrence of MMCs according to age. Results: The incidence frequency percentage of the presence of MMCs among the Egyptian population was 10.79 % (208/1926) with no statistically significant due to gender, While MMCs configuration types showed 77% (160/208) confluent anatomy merging with either the mesio buccal or mesio lingual canals, 16.3% (34/208) fin anatomy and only 6.7% (14/208) showed independent MMCs with separate orifices and apical foramen. lastly the incidence frequency percentage of the presence of MMCs decreases with age. Conclusions: The MMCs prevalence in mandibular 1st molars among some Egyptian population was 10.79 %, and CBCT scan is helpful way to detect the presence of MMCs.
Positive lymph nodes predict distant metastasis of salivary duct carcinoma after postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Yan Wenbin , Ou Xiaomin , shen chunying , Hu Chaosu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high-grade subtype of salivary gland malignancy. Distant metastasis was the common pattern of failure for patients receiving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. We are aimed to analyze the prognostic value of positive lymph nodes for distant metastasis in the SDC following postoperative radiotherapy. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the data of patients with SDC receiving surgical resection and radiotherapy. The univariate analysis was conducted using Log-rank method for the clinicopathological features with distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS). The multivariable analysis was performed by Cox regression hazards method. A risk stratification model was established by the score calculated with the variables qualified by multivariate P<0.05. Results: 91 patients were enrolled, and the median age at diagnosis was 58.5 years. 53.8%(n=49) of the patients appeared with the involvement of neck lymph nodes after surgery. The advanced T stage (95% CI 1.325-5.38; P=0.006), number of positive lymph nodes (PLN≥8) (95% CI 1.241-6.58; P =0.013), and peripheral invasion (PNI) (95% CI 1.059-4.65; P=0.034) were significantly associated with DMFS for the SDC in the multivariate analysis. Patients were divided into two subgroups based on the risk factors, while significant differences of DMFS and OS were observed between the risk cohorts (5-year DMFS:35% vs.64.4%, P=0.0001; 5-year OS:53.6% vs.70.4%; P=0.048). Conclusion: Higher number of positive lymph nodes was associated with worse DMFS in SDC following PORT. The patients at high risk appeared with significantly poor DMFS and survival, and clinical trials on adjuvant therapy are warranted for this subgroup.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori enrichment in adenoma on clinical and pathological features of colorectal adenoma
Authors: Zhuang Zhaomeng , Bingwu Yu , Yiguang Zhang , Lv Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective To observe the enrichment of Helicobacter pylori in adenoma tissues of patients with colorectal adenoma and analyze its effect on the clinical and pathological features of colorectal adenoma. Methods The data of 1622 cases of gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Endoscopy Center of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected. The general data, gastric Hp infection, clinical and pathological features of colorectal adenoma, special staining of Hp methylblue in adenoma, and immunohistochemical staining of Hp in adenoma were compared between colorectal adenoma group (743 cases) and control group (879 cases). Results There were 361 cases (48.59%) of gastric Hp positive in colorectal adenoma group and 331 cases (37.66%) of gastric Hp positive in control group. The difference was significant (P < 0.001). Found that gastric Hp infection significantly increased the risk of Hp enrichment in colorectal adenoma tissues (OR: 28.449; 95% CI: 18.188 – 44.500; P < 0.001). Hp enrichment in colorectal adenomas was also found to be a contributing factor for positive events in terms of adenoma diameter, adenoma pathological type, and adenoma malignancy (OR: 3.536; 3.652; 2.833; P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion There is a positive correlation between gastric Hp infection and intestinal Hp enrichment. Intestinal Hp enrichment has a statistically significant effect on the clinical and pathological features of colorectal adenoma.
Foot orthoses for flexible flatfeet in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Oerlemans Leonoor N.T. , Peeters Charles M.M. , Munnik-Hagewoud Roelina , Nijholt Ingrid M. , Witlox Adhiambo M. , Verheyen Cees C.P.M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis provides an overview of the effectiveness of orthoses for flexible flatfeet in terms of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in children and adults. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for studies comparing PROMs at baseline and follow-up in an orthoses versus control group. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed and a meta-analysis was performed if there were multiple studies with the same PROM.Results: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in children (N=353) and four RCTs and one prospective study in adults (N=268) were included. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies. A meta-analysis demonstrated that pain reduction between baseline and follow-up was significantly larger in the orthoses (N=167) than in the control groups in adults (N=157; p=0.05). Conclusion: Due to heterogeneity in study designs we cannot conclude that foot orthoses are useful for flexible flatfoot in children and adults. However, based on the meta-analysis orthoses might be useful in decreasing pain in adults.
Age-specific risk factors for the prediction of obesity using a machine learning approach
Authors: Jeon Junhwi , Lee Sunmi , Oh Chunyoung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Machine Learning is a powerful tool to discover hidden features in various data driven research fields. Obesity involves extremely complex factors, such as biological, physiological, psychological, and environmental factors. A machine learning framework can provide a successful approach to revealing essential risk factors of the complex obesity phenomenon. Over the last two decades, the obesity population (BMI of above 23) in Korea has been rapidly growing. In this work, we assess obesity prediction by utilizing eight Machine Learning algorithms, and identify risk factors of obesity based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data 2016-2019. We explore age-specific and gender-specific risk factors of obesity for adults (19-79 years old). Our findings show that the risk factors for obesity are sensitive to age and gender under different Machine Learning algorithms. Both male and female 19-39 age groups show the highest performance of over 70% accuracy and ROC while the 60-79 group shows around 65% accuracy and ROC. Both male and female 40-59 age groups achieved the highest performance of over 70% in ROC, but the female achieved lower 70% in accuracy. Our results highlight that the top four significant features in all age gender groups for prediciting obesity are Triglyceride, ALT(SGPT), Glycated hemoglobin, and urine acid. For the accuracy ratio of the classifiers and age groups, there is no big difference in accuracy when the number of features is more than six, except the accuracy ratio decreased in the female 19-39 age group.
Lattice O–O ligands triggered Fe activation for superior oxygen-evolving electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Liming , Shi Guoshuai , Li Jili , Yang Chunlei , Gu Huoliang , Tong Haonan , Zhao Siwen , Zhu Chenyuan , Shen Yuluo , Wu Jing , Li Jiong , Zhang Shuo , Shi Jueli , Zhang Kelvin H.L. , Li Yefei , Liu Zhipan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the structural dynamics of ligands and its interplay with the turnover rate of catalytic centers under reaction conditions are challenging but crucial regarding catalyst design. Here, an in-situ phase conversion of Ni-Fe hydroxide to a stable superoxo-hydroxide, with the formation of lattice O–O (Olatt–Olatt) ligands, was unveiled via operando 18O-labeling spectroelectrochemistry and machine-learning global optimization. By correlating the intrinsic activity of Fe with the ability of Olatt–Olatt formation in a series of Fe-incorporated transition-metal oxides/hydroxides, we disclose an Olatt–Olatt triggered Fe activation for oxygen-evolving electrocatalysis, which is further proved by first-principles calculations. The oxygen production follows an adsorbate evolution mechanism and the fast kinetics is attributed to diminished Fe–OH bonds in the presence of Olatt–Olatt. This work guides the rational design of high-performance Fe-incorporated electrocatalysts, and highlights the paramount role of ligands dynamic restructuring in awakening catalytic centers.
Synthesis of Mesoscale Ordered Two-dimensional Hydrogen-Bond Organic Framework with the Observation of Flat Band
Authors: Pan Minghu , Zhang Xin , Zhou Yinong , Wang Pengdong , Bian Qi , Liu Hang , Wang Xingyue , Li Xiaoyin , Chen Aixi , Lei Xiaoxu , Li Shaojian , Cheng Zhengwang , Shao Zhibin , Ding Haoquan , Gao Jianzhi , Li Fangsen , Liu Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flat bands (FBs), presenting a strongly interacting quantum system have drawn increasing interest recently, as partly reflected by its discovery in twisted bilayer graphene in association with superconductivity. However, experimental realization of topological FBs has been hampered by lacking FB materials, and especially remained elusive in the ideal platform of monolayer materials where they arise from destructive quantum interference as predicted in 2D lattice models. Here, we report experimental synthesis of mesoscale ordered self-assembled monolayer of 2D hydrogen-bond (H-bond) organic frameworks (HOFs) of 1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene (THPB) on Au(111) surface and the observation of related topological FB. Its formation, atomic and electronic structures have been characterized with a suite of experimental and theoretical techniques in excellent agreement. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) shows mesoscale, highly-ordered and uniform THPB-HOF domains, while angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) highlights a FB over the whole Brillouin zone (BZ). Density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations and analyses reveal that the observed topological FB arises from a hidden electronic breathing-Kagome lattice without atomically breathing bonds. Our findings demonstrate that self-assembly of HOFs provides a viable approach for synthesis of 2D organic topological materials, paving the way to explore many-body quantum states of topological FBs.
Nitrate and/or oils supplementation to diets with different roughage: concentrate ratios on in vitro some rumen parameters and protozoa population
Authors: OLOMONCHI Euloge O.A. , GARIPOGLU Ali V. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of nitrate and/or oils supplementation alone or in combination to diets with different roughage: concentrate ratios on in vitro methane (CH4) production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations, pH, and protozoa population. The experimental treatments comprised iso-nitrogenous total mixed rations based on forage with roughage to concentrate ratio of 40R:60C (High concentrate) or 60R:40C (High roughage) supplemented with 2 sources of nitrogen (sodium nitrate (NO3-: 45.94 g/kg DM) or urea (16.45 g/kg DM for control group) and 3 oil sources ((feed-derived oil (FDO: with no oil addition), hazelnut oil (HO: 36.58 g/kg DM) or soybean oil (SO: 36.58 g/kg DM)). For this purpose, 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design in 12 groups were used. The treatments were as follows: 40R:60C + Urea (Control) + FDO, 40R:60C + NO3- + FDO, 40R:60C + Urea (Control) + HO, 40R:60C + Urea (Control) + SO, 40R:60C + NO3- + HO, 40R:60C + NO3- + SO, 60R:40C + Urea (Control) + FDO, 60R:40C + NO3- + FDO, 60R:40C + Urea (Control) + HO, 60R:40C + Urea (Control) + SO, 60R:40C + NO3- + HO, 60R:60C + NO3- + SO. Then, the effect of nitrate, oils (O), roughage:concentrate ratio, and the combined effect of nitrate and oil associated with roughage:concentrate on in vitro methane production, VFA and NH3 concentrations, pH, and protozoa population were evaluated. In this study, while NO3-, O, 40R:60C x NO3-, 40R:60C x O, 40R:60C x NO3- x O, 60R:40C x NO3- 60R:40C x O, 60R:40C x NO3- x O (p<0.01) decreased in vitro CH4, protozoa population, ammonia (NH3) concentration, acetic acid, total VFA, acetic acid: propionic acid ratio and pH, they increased butyric acid and propionic acid concentrations. Furthermore, in vitro CH4 production (12.44 vs 9.09 ml), NH3 (8.23 vs 7.37 mmol/l), propionic acid (19.14 vs 17.93 mmol/l), butyric acid (15.50 vs 14.50 mmol/l), total VFA (86.46 vs 85.66 mmol/l), protozoa population (32.16 vs 26.96 x104 ml.) were high in the 40R:60C treatment (high concentrate). Although, 40R:60C x NO3- x SO, 60R:40C x NO3- x SO, and SO decreased more acetic acid concentration, protozoa population, and thus in vitro CH4 production than other groups.