bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex PrEP: the factors requiring consultant-led review of PrEP users
Authors: Tittle Victoria , Dalton Rebecca , Nugent Diarmuid , Girometti Nicolo , Whitlock Gary , Mcowan Alan , McCormack Sheena 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been available in England since March 2020 on the National Health Service using generic emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil. 56 Dean Street (56DS) provided PrEP through (1) additional private care from September 2015, estimated to be providing 11% of England’s PrEP in 2019; and (2) the IMPACT trial, as well as monitoring those self-sourcing PrEP. Providing PrEP at scale through a nurse-led service required a safety net for complex individuals. 56DS introduced a consultant-led PrEP outpatient service, the PrEP review clinic, in January 2018 and we report the outcomes of this service.MethodsWe present a retrospective case note review of the PrEP review clinic with descriptive outcomes from 26 January 2018 to 20 December 2019. Reason for referral, demographics, PrEP management and PrEP discontinuations were recorded.Results13 980 unique users accessed PrEP from 56DS during the two year evaluation period. 220 individuals were seen in the PrEP review clinic. Majority of patients were referred for renal issues (114 of 220, 51.8%), followed by side effects (59 of 220, 26.8%) and comorbidities (38 of 220, 17.2%). Of those with renal issues, 89 (out of 114, 78.1%) users were referred for an abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). 35 (out of 114, 30.7%) PrEP users had an eGFR between 45 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2, of whom 2 (5.7%) discontinued PrEP. Majority of users were advised to stop supplements±switch to event-based dosing (24 of 35, 68.6%). Ten PrEP users were referred with an eGFR between 30 and 44 mL/min/1.73 m2; 4 (40%) stopped or did not start PrEP and 6 (60%) were asked to stop supplements±switch to event-based dosing.DiscussionA small proportion of PrEP users have complex PrEP issues. Methods to manage renal dysfunction with PrEP included stopping supplements and switching to event-based dosing. Those with side effects were managed with an array of options, with only modest effectiveness. Other PrEP options are needed to support those with toxicities or intolerances.
The effects of environmental cues on chorusing onset in a tropical frog assemblage
Authors: Gonzalez Sergio C. , Briggs-Gonzalez Venetia S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There are extensive studies on frog calling behaviours, including the effects of environmental variables, however, there are no known studies to explore the specific proximate cues that stimulate the onset of calling in an individual on a given night. The aim of this study is to identify and quantify the species-specific set of environmental variables that stimulate males to produce mating calls under natural conditions. Call surveys were conducted at an active breeding pond on the edge of Parque Nacional Soberanía, Panama, during the breeding seasons of 2009 and 2010. Observations were made on 20 anuran species at the study site and we examined the onset of calling in nine species that were active and most consistently present during breeding seasons. We used logistic and linear regression models to investigate environmental conditions that affect calling for each species. The initiation of chorusing differed by species and key factors included ambient light, rainfall, and lunar cycle. Our data define the margins of a behavioural-environmental envelope that is species-specific and is not related to calling behaviour itself but is rather defined by physiological constraints related to environmental exposure.
Dependency Theory and the Critique of Neodevelopmentalism in Latin America
Authors: Treacy Mariano 
Published: February 2022

A number of writers have pointed to the importance of recovering aspects of dependency theory to explain the persistence of Latin American underdevelopment after 40 years of neoliberal hegemony and profound change and crisis in the world economy. Just as dependency theory emerged in the 1960s in response to attempts to achieve development in Latin America through neodevelopmentalist projects, its reappearance represents a challenge to the development model and a theoretical and political necessity. In light of the resurgence of neodevelopmentalism and prospects for progress and economic development led by the state through economic growth with social inclusion, dependency theory allows the evaluation of the potentialities, tensions, and limitations of this type of project. Diversos autores han señalado la importancia de recuperar aspectos de los análisis de la teoría de la dependencia para poder explicar la persistencia del subdesarrollo latinoamericano luego de 40 años de hegemonía neoliberal y de fuertes transformaciones y crisis de la economía mundial. Así como en los años ’60 la teoría de la dependencia surgió como una objeción a los intentos desarrollistas de alcanzar el desarrollo en Latinoamérica, con proyectos neodesarrollistas el resurgimiento de los enfoques dependentistas representa a la vez una impugnación al modelo de desarrollo y una necesidad teórica y política. Frente al surgimiento del neodesarrollismo y de perspectivas de progreso y de desarrollo económico dirigido desde el estado a través del crecimiento económico con inclusión social, la teoría de la dependencia permite evaluar las potencialidades, tensiones y limitaciones de este tipo de proyecto.
Bimodal sensory integration in migraine: A study of the effect of visual stimulation on somatosensory evoked cortical responses
Authors: Sebastianelli Gabriele , Abagnale Chiara , Casillo Francesco , Cioffi Ettore , Parisi Vincenzo , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Serrao Mariano , Porcaro Camillo , Schoenen Jean , Coppola Gianluca 
Published: February 2022

Background Merging of sensory information is a crucial process for adapting the behaviour to the environment in all species. It is not known if this multisensory integration might be dysfunctioning interictally in migraine without aura, where sensory stimuli of various modalities are processed abnormally when delivered separately. To investigate this question, we compared the effects of a concomitant visual stimulation on conventional low-frequency somatosensory evoked potentials and embedded high-frequency oscillations between migraine patients and healthy volunteers. Methods We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials in 19 healthy volunteers and in 19 interictal migraine without aura patients before, during, and 5 min after (T2) simultaneous synchronous pattern-reversal visual stimulation. At each time point, we measured amplitude and habituation of the N20-P25 low-frequency-somatosensory evoked potentials component and maximal peak-to-peak amplitude of early and late bursts of high-frequency oscillations. Results In healthy volunteers, the bimodal stimulation significantly reduced low-frequency-somatosensory evoked potentials habituation and tended to reduce early high-frequency oscillations that reflect thalamocortical activity. By contrast, in migraine without aura patients, bimodal stimulation significantly increased low-frequency-somatosensory evoked potentials habituation and early high-frequency oscillations. At T2, all visual stimulation-induced changes of somatosensory processing had vanished. Conclusion These results suggest a malfunctioning multisensory integration process, which could be favoured by an abnormal excitability level of thalamo-cortical loops.
Successful treatment of primary headache associated with sexual activity using erenumab: Case report
Authors: Makarevičius Gytis , Ryliškienė Kristina 
Published: February 2022

Background Primary headache associated with sexual activity is a rare benign headache disorder that is provoked by sexual excitement. It is a diagnosis of exclusion after the underlying secondary causes have been ruled out. The cause of this headache disorder is still unknown. Cerebral vasospasm, pericranial muscular contraction, hemodynamic and respiratory changes during sexual activity are most commonly listed as possible pathophysiological mechanisms. Several acute and prophylactic options with good clinical response have been described in the case series. Case report We present a case of a 30-year-old woman with primary headache associated with sexual activity and comorbid with frequent episodic migraine without aura. Both headache disorders were successfully managed with monoclonal antibody against calcitonine gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor erenumab 70 mg. Conclusion The efficacy of erenumab in our case presumes that CGRP might also be an important mediator in facilitating primary headache associated with sexual activity.
Cycles of Violence Among Young Women in Namibia: Exploring the Links Between Childhood Violence and Adult Intimate Partner Violence From the Violence Against Children and Youth Survey
Authors: Velloza Jennifer , Davies Luke D. , Ensminger Alison L. , Theofelus Frieda Mboshono , Andjamba Helena , Kamuingona Rahimisa , Masseti Greta , Coomer Rachel , Forster Norbert , O’Malley Gabrielle 
Published: February 2022

Background: Violence against children is a global public health crisis and is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. Childhood violence may also increase the risk of subsequent violence revictimization by an intimate partner. We aimed to understand cycles of violence among adolescent girls and young women in Namibia to inform violence prevention and treatment interventions. Methods: The 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) examined the prevalence of childhood violence and intimate partner violence among 18–24 year old adolescent girls and young women ( N = 2434). Using the data, we assessed the prevalence of childhood violence, defined as any physical, sexual, or emotional violence victimization prior to age 18, and estimated the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) after age 18. We used a weighted logistic regression to assess whether childhood violence exposure was associated with subsequent experience of IPV after age 18. Results: Adolescent girls and young women in Namibia had a statistically significant higher odds of experiencing IPV if they had experienced any childhood violence including physical, sexual, and/or emotional violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.93; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI: 1.64–5.23). IPV was also significantly associated with childhood physical (aOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07–3.05), sexual (aOR: 3.79; 95% CI: 2.54–5.67), or emotional (aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.18–4.86) violence when each were considered separately. We also observed a dose-response relationship between the number of types of childhood violence and IPV experience as a young adult. Conclusions: Childhood violence is a significant predictor of subsequent violence revictimization by an intimate partner. This analysis provides unique insights on cycles of violence among adolescent girls and young women in Namibia and points to the need for interventions during childhood to prevent violence against children and break this cycle among young women in sub-Saharan Africa.
Enhanced Recovery After Cleft Lip Repair: Protocol Development and Implementation in Outreach Settings
Authors: Melhem Antonio M. , Ramly Elie P. , Al Abyad Omar S. , Chahine Elsa M. , Teng Sarena , Vyas Raj M. , Hamdan Usama S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Clefts of the lip are of the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies. The development and implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol among patients undergoing cleft lip repair may decrease postoperative complications, accelerate recovery, and result in earlier postoperative discharge. Methods A modified ERAS program was developed and applied through Global Smile Foundation outreach craniofacial programs. The main components of this protocol include: (1) preoperative patient education, (2) nutrition screening, (3) smoking cessation when applicable, (4) use of topical anesthetic adjuncts, (5) facial nerve blocks, (6) postoperative analgesia, (7) preferential use of short-acting narcotics, (8) antibiotic administration, (9) use of elbow restraints, (10) early postoperative oral feeding and hydration, and (11) discharge planning. Results Between April 2019 and March 2020, GSF operated on 126 patients with cleft lip from different age groups and 58.8% of them were less than 1 year of age. Three patients (2.4%) had delayed wound healing and one (0.8%) had postoperative bleeding. There were no cases of mortality, length of hospital stay did not exceed 1 postoperative day, and patients were able to tolerate fluids intake at discharge. Conclusion The implementation of an ERAS protocol among patients undergoing cleft lip repair has shown to be highly effective in minimizing postoperative discomfort while reducing opioids use, decreasing the length of stay in hospital, and leading to early oral feeding resumption. The ERAS principles described carry increased relevance in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and opioid crisis and can be safely applied in resource-constrained settings.
Can the use of long-acting injectable antipsychotic preparations be increased in routine clinical practice and the benefits realised?
Authors: Paton Carol , Okocha Chike I. , Patel Maxine X. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The use of continuing antipsychotic medication is an established evidence-based strategy for preventing relapse in people with schizophrenia, but medication adherence is known to be suboptimal. Covert non-adherence can be eliminated by the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations. We sought to (1) raise awareness among clinicians of the potential benefits of LAI antipsychotic formulations, (2) increase use of these formulations for the treatment of schizophrenia in routine clinical practice and thereby (3) reduce the number of relapses requiring hospitalisation in patients with schizophrenia under our care. Method: Educational initiatives, promotion of reflective practice and patient-specific reminders were used to prompt increased use of LAI antipsychotic medication for patients with schizophrenia. Data relating to the use of these medications and the number of acute admissions for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20-29, ICD-10) over time were extracted from existing clinical information systems. Results: Over the 3-year time frame of our local initiative, the use of LAI antipsychotic preparations increased by 11%, the number of acute admissions for schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (F20 and F25) decreased by 26% and the number of acute bed days occupied by patients with these diagnoses decreased by 8%. The number of admissions for other psychosis diagnoses (F21-24 and F28-29) did not show the same pattern of improvement. Conclusion: In our health care organisation, raising clinicians’ awareness of the evidence base relating to the potentially favourable benefit–risk balance for LAI antipsychotic medication compared with oral formulations resulted in more use of the former. There were accompanying reductions in acute admissions and occupied bed days for patients with schizophrenia.
Remote Follow-up of Shoulder Arthroplasty Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic - Is This the way Forward?
Authors: Mansukhani Sameer A , Gopinath Praveen , Chaturvedi Amit , Konstantopoulos Georgios , Leivadiotou Dimitra 
Published: February 2022

Background The COVID-19 Pandemic has affected the way health care systems function across the globe. Apart from eliminating the risk of being in a vulnerable environment during the pandemic such as a hospital setting, virtual arthroplasty follow-up reduces the demand on funding and resources on the National Health Services (NHS). Methods We retrospectively reviewed our shoulder arthroplasty patients (55) operated between October 2018 to November 2020 at both our hospital sites. For remote follow-up, patients were contacted on a scheduled appointment date via telephone by an orthopaedic surgeon to enquire about their wound, pain and function. Patients were questioned as per questionnaire from the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Standardised Assessment form. Results 50 patients were included in the final data set after excluding those who had died (5 patients). All patients had had final x-rays with full Covid-19 precautions at the time of final follow-up. No patient had wound problems except one who had concerns of wound appearance. There were no cases of notching, impingement, deep infection, dislocation or nerve injury. Of the 50 patients, 40 (80%) patients were satisfied to have a remote follow-up. 36 (72%) patients said they wouldn't mind a remote follow-up appointment. Conclusion Remote follow-up via audio consultation may be an effective alternative to in person visits after shoulder arthroplasty. Patients in this series demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with virtual visits and post-operative complications were effectively identified.
Genetics of inherited thrombocytopenias
Authors: Warren Julia T. , Di Paola Jorge 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The inherited thrombocytopenia syndromes are a group of disorders characterized primarily by quantitative defects in platelet number, though with a variety demonstrating qualitative defects and/or extrahematopoietic findings. Through collaborative international efforts applying next-generation sequencing approaches, the list of genetic syndromes that cause thrombocytopenia has expanded significantly in recent years, now with over 40 genes implicated. In this review, we focus on what is known about the genetic etiology of inherited thrombocytopenia syndromes and how the field has worked to validate new genetic discoveries. We highlight the important role for the clinician in identifying a germline genetic diagnosis and strategies for identifying novel causes through research-based endeavors.
A novel 4 immune-related genes as diagnostic markers and correlated with immune infiltrates in major depressive disorder
Authors: Ning Linna , Yang Zhou , Chen Jie , Hu Zhaopeng , Jiang Wenrui , Guo Lixia , Xu Yan , Li Huiming , Xu Fanghua , Deng Dandong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Immune response is prevalently related with major depressive disorder (MDD) pathophysiology. However, the study on the relationship between immune-related genes (IRGs) and immune infiltrates of MDD remains scarce.

Methods
We extracted expression data of 148 MDD patients from 2 cohorts, and systematically characterized differentially expressed IRGs by using limma package in R software. Then, the LASSO and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the most powerful IRGs. Next, we analyzed the relationship between IRGs and immune infiltrates of MDD. Finally, GSE76826 was used to to verificate of IRGs as a diagnostic markers in MDD.

Results
203 different IRGs s in MDD has been identified (P < 0.05). GSEA revealed that the different IRGs was more likely to be enriched in immune-specific pathways. Then, a 9 IRGs was successfully established to predict MDD based on LASSO. Next, 4 IRGs was obtained by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and AUC for CD1C, SPP1, CD3D, CAMKK2, and IRGs model was 0.733, 0.767, 0.816, 0.800, and 0.861, suggesting that they have a good diagnostic performance. Furthermore, the proportion of T cells CD8, T cells γδ, macrophages M0, and NK cells resting in MDD group was lower than that in the healthy controls, suggesting that the immune system in MDD group is impaired. Simultaneously, CD3D was validated a reliable marker in MDD, and was positively correlated with T cells CD8. GSEA revealed high expression CD3D was more likely to be enriched in immune-specific pathways, and low expression CD3D was more likely to be enriched in glucose metabolism metabolism-specific pathways.

Conclusions
We applied bioinformatics approaches to suggest that a 4 IRGs could serve as diagnostic markers to provide a novel direction to explore the pathogenesis of MDD.
Hyperlipidemia and hypertension have synergistic interaction on ischemic stroke: insights from a general population survey in China
Authors: Wang Chang , Du Zhi , Ye Ning , Shi Chuning , Liu Songyue , Geng Danxi , Sun Yingxian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) and hypertension (HTN) are both independent risk factors for ischemic stroke. This study aimed to assess whether HTN and HLP have a synergistic effect on the risk of ischemic stroke.

Methods
Between January and August 2013, 11,695 subjects in rural areas of northeastern China were enrolled. The additive and multiplicative scales were used to evaluate the interaction.

Results
The prevalence of ischemic stroke was 5.7%. Using the healthy group (without HTN or HLP) as the reference group, subjects with both HTN and HLP had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR]: 3.369, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.579–4.402), and this OR was greater than that of subjects with only HTN (OR: 1.995, 95% CI 1.526–2.610) or HLP (OR: 1.321, 95% CI 0.937–1.862) (adjusting for age, sex, race, education level, family income, current smoking and drinking status, physical activity, body mass index, diabetes, family history of stroke, and atrial fibrillation). Regarding the additive scale, the relative excess risk due to interaction (OR: 1.053, 95% CI 0.458–1.648) was positive after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, the attributable proportion was 31.3%, which means that 31.3% of the total risk of ischemic stroke was due to the synergistic interaction between HTN and HLP. Furthermore, the synergistic index (S) of ischemic stroke was 1.8 (95% CI 1.157–2.801), which also indicates a synergistic interaction between HTN and HLP. Regarding the multiplicative scale, the interaction effect was also significant after adjusting for confounders (OR: 2.163, 95% CI 1.817–2.575).

Conclusion
The results suggest that the synergistic effect of HTN and HLP on ischemic stroke is significantly higher than the sum of their independent effects. The quantification of the combined effect should help to promote healthy blood pressure and blood lipid levels among the general population.
Mortality in cardiogenic shock patients receiving mechanical circulatory support: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Qun , Han Yu , Sun Shukun , Zhang Chuanxin , Liu Han , Wang Bailu , Wei Shujian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are widely used for cardiogenic shock (CS). This network meta-analysis aims to evaluate which MCS strategy offers advantages.

Methods
A systemic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed. Studies included double-blind, randomized controlled, and observational trials, with 30-day follow-ups. Paired independent researchers conducted the screening, data extraction, quality assessment, and consistency and heterogeneity assessment.

Results
We included 39 studies (1 report). No significant difference in 30-day mortality was noted between venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and VA-ECMO plus Impella, Impella, and medical therapy. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, the optimal ranking of the interventions was surgical venting plus VA-ECMO, medical therapy, VA-ECMO plus Impella, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), Impella, Tandem Heart, VA-ECMO, and Impella plus IABP. Regarding in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality, the forest plot showed low heterogeneity. The results of the node-splitting approach showed that direct and indirect comparisons had a relatively high consistency.

Conclusions
IABP more effectively reduce the incidence of 30-day mortality compared with VA-ECMO and Impella for the treatment of CS.