bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEART FAILURE AND URATE-LOWERING THERAPY: CLINICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Барсуков Антон Владимирович , Борисова Екатерина Викторовна , Дыдышко Владислав Тадеевич , Наумкина Полина Ивановна 
Published: November 2022

Сердечная недостаточность (СН) - широко распространенное заболевание, представляющее глобальную проблему. В этой связи актуальны исследования, направленные на поиск подходов, снижающих риски неблагоприятных событий, ассоциированных с СН. Эксперты солидарны в том, что существует острая потребность в наличии доступных в рутинной клинической практике рентабельных прогностических биомаркеров при СН. В этом обзоре сфокусировано внимание на мочевой кислоте, отражающей состояние пуринового обмена, который нарушается при кардиоваскулярной патологии. Гиперурикемия не только ассоциирована с увеличением частоты встречаемости СН, но и считается независимым предиктором смертности при острой и хронической СН. Ксантиноксидаза, регулирующая уровень мочевой кислоты в сыворотке, может служить терапевтической целью при СН. В обзоре приведены данные ряда клинических исследований и метаанализов, посвященных применению уратснижающих препаратов у пациентов с кардиоваскулярной патологией, включая СН.
Heart failure (HF) is a widespread disease that represents a global problem. In this regard, studies aimed at finding approaches that reduce the risks of adverse events associated with HF are relevant. Experts agree that there is an urgent need for cost - effective prognostic biomarkers in heart failure available in routine clinical practice. This review focuses on uric acid, which reflects the state of purine metabolism, which is impaired in cardiovascular pathology. Hyperuricemia is not only associated with an increased incidence of HF, but is also considered an independent predictor of mortality in acute and chronic HF. Xanthine oxidase, which regulates serum uric acid levels, may serve as a therapeutic target in HF. The review presents data from a number of clinical studies and meta - analyses on the use of urate - lowering drugs in patients with cardiovascular pathology, including heart failure.
A simplified and effective off‐axis Winston–Lutz for single‐isocenter multi‐target SRS
Authors: Eagle Anton , Tallhamer Mike , Keener Justin , Geneser Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo safely perform single‐iso multi‐target (SIMT) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), clinics must demonstrate SRS delivery accuracy for off‐axis targets. The traditional Winston–Lutz (W–L) was widely adopted because it provides a simple and accurate solution for testing radiation‐isocenter coincidence that uses a static target, enables testing arbitrary treatment angles, and does not require expensive commercial phantoms. The current noncommercial tests are cumbersome and insufficiently accurate. For an off‐axis Winston–Lutz (OAWL) test, one must design MLC fields centered on off‐axis targets. Unfortunately, because MLC leaf‐interfaces are often misaligned with the target center, accomplishing this presents a nontrivial geometry problem that has not been previously solved in the literature. We present a solution for evaluating SIMT SRS accuracy that provides a straightforward method for creating OAWL test fields and offers all the benefits of the standard W–L test.MethodsWe have developed a method to use any gantry, table, and initial collimator angles to create OAWL fields. This method calculates a series of nested coordinate transformations that produce a small collimator angle adjustment to align the MLC and create a symmetric field around an off‐axis target.ResultsFor an 8 cm off‐axis target, the described method yields OAWL results within 0.07 mm of standard isocentric W–L results. Our six most recent isocentric W–L tests show max and mean errors of 0.59 and 0.37 mm, respectively. For six runs of our proposed OAWL test, the average max and mean errors are 0.66 and 0.40 mm, respectively.ConclusionThis method accurately evaluates SRS delivery accuracy for off‐axis distances that span the majority of a typical human brain for a centered SIMT arc. We have made this method publicly available, so that physicists can employ it within their clinics, foregoing the need for expensive phantoms and improving access to the state‐of‐the‐art SIMT SRS technique.
Levitational 3D Bioassembly and Density‐Based Spatial Coding of Levitoids
Authors: Moncal Kazim Kerim , Yaman Sena , Durmus Naside Gozde 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembly of cells into functional bioarchitectures with microscale spatial topographies are prevalent in nature. Despite the advances to recapitulate the native‐like microenvironment in vitro,fabrication of soft living materials with a deterministic control on the composition, functionality, and geometry, is still challenging. Here, a versatile, paramagnetically tunable, levitational biofabrication technique within a ring‐magnet system, RM‐LEV, is developed to assemble single cells or heterogeneous multicellular living architectures in a scaffold‐free manner. The self‐assembly and contactless biofabrication of multiple cell types into 3D multicellular “levitospheres” is demonstrated, where cellular positions are guided by levitation and density, simultaneously. Inherent density and diamagnetism of different cell types are leveraged to manipulate the geometry and self‐assembly of levitospheres into larger complex 3D structures, termed as “levitoids”. This approach is further applied to manipulate, position, and culture levitoids within a 3D hydrogel matrix under levitation, which preserves their viability and functionality. Thus, this study provides a foundation to create spatially heterogeneous 3D cellular assemblies with density‐coded bio‐architectures—which is not previously realized using magnetic levitation. This density‐based coding approach can be beneficial to study the cross‐talk between different cell types within spheroids and organoids, and be broadly applied to 3D bioprinting, tissue engineering, cancer, and neuroscience research.
Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Niche Harvester of Thermal Energy
Authors: Deng Longhui , Liu Yanrui , Zhang Yingyao , Wang Suhao , Gao Peng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic thermoelectric (OTE) materials promise convenient energy conversion between heat gradients and voltage with flexible and wearable power‐supplying devices at a low price. Although a variety of OTE materials are investigated, the TE performance is still far from practical application. To achieve high TE performance, a thorough understanding of the structure–property relationship in OTE materials is necessary. In this comprehensive review, the fundamentals of OTEs are summarized, the recent achievements of OTE materials are reviewed, and the relationship between structure and properties in high‐performance OTE materials is discussed. Furthermore, how the molecular backbones, side chains, energy levels, molecular packing, and heteroatom effect all play vital roles in thermoelectric properties is addressed. Finally, the future direction of research on OTE materials is envisaged.
Alternating Growth for InSitu Post‐Programing Hydrogels’ Sizes and Performance
Authors: Wang Hong , Xiong Xinhong , Yang Li , Fang Yuanlai , Xue Juan , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGrowing polymer materials emerge as a class of new intelligent systems, but they are all covalently cross‐linked. Herein, an alternating growth strategy for enabling tough supramolecular hydrogels is described to integrate externally provided compounds to change their sizes, geometric shapes, mechanical properties, etc. The hydrogels have dynamic acid–base complex (ABC) structures made from acidic and basic monomers, in which the acid–base pairs equilibrate between ionic and nonionic states to show either strong electrostatic or weak acid–base interactions. The growth process includes swelling of acidic/basic monomers, polymerization of the absorbed monomers, and homogenization of the original and newborn polymers, in which the balance between electrostatic and acid–base interactions is reversibly shifted to enable the process. As a result of such repeatable growth cycles, the hydrogels can continuously expand without compromising material mechanical properties. The growing sub‐processes and the monomer compositions can be used to post‐modulate the structure and properties of the grown products. It is demonstrated that the hydrogels may be designed as artificial tissues capable of growth under force‐bearing states.
Architected Low‐Tortuosity Electrodes with Tunable Porosity from Nonequilibrium Soft‐Matter Processing
Authors: Resing Anton B. , Fukuda Chase , Werner Jörg G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMass transport is performance‐defining across energy storage devices, often causing limitations at high current rates. To optimize and balance the device‐scale energy and power density for a given energy storage demand, tailored electrode architectures with precisely controllable phase dimensions are needed in combination with low‐tortuosity channels that maximize the geometric component of diffusion and species flux. A material‐agnostic nonequilibrium soft‐matter process is reported to fabricate free‐standing inorganic composite electrodes with adjustable thicknesses of 100s of µm, featuring straight and accessible channels ranging in diameter from 5–30 µm, coupled with tunable material‐to‐pore ratios. Such architected anode and cathode electrodes exhibit electrochemical and architectural stability over extended cycling in a full‐cell battery. Further, mass‐transport constraints appear at high current densities, and the lithiation step is identified as rate‐performance limiting, a result of insufficient lithium‐ion supply and concentration polarization. The results demonstrate the need for and feasibility of tailored electrode architectures where dimensional ratios between low‐tortuosity channels, the charge‐storing matrix, and electrode thickness are tunable to meet coupled power and energy‐storage requirements.
Clear Disclosure of Hierarchical Chirality Transfer Mechanism and Wide Full‐Color and White‐Light CPL Emissions with Both High glum and Intensity by TPE Helicates
Authors: Ye Feng‐Ying , Hu Ming , Du Cong , Yu Wei , Zhou Xing‐Ping , Liu Minghua , Zheng Yan‐Song 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChirality transfer and amplification play key role on research of chiral materials, but it is still a challenge to clearly disclose the chirality transfer mechanism. Here, tetraphenylethylene helicate (TPEH) with aggregation‐induced emission enhancement effect is doped into achiral nematic liquid crystal (NLC) to furnish a system of excellent chirality transfer and amplification for the first time. It is found that left‐handed helical (M) TPEH molecule with four phenyl rings sloping right‐down makes a staggered overlap with other M‐TPEH at right‐up direction for attenuating the repulsive force between phenyl rings, which is further overlapped into a right‐handed helix (P) and then drives NLC array layers to the P‐LC phase. Consequently, M‐TPEH molecule leads to P‐LC phase, while P‐TPEH arouses M‐LC phase. Remarkably, this chirality transfer can amplify the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of TPEH by 100‐fold and give a large absolute CPL dissymmetric factor (glum) of 0.21. Moreover, the chirality can be even transferred to other achiral fluorescence dyes, and both high absolute glum of up to 0.37 and high fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) of 92% are obtained. Consequently, a customized wide full‐color and white‐light CPL emission from violet to near infrared which is closer to natural light is obtained.
Atomic‐Level Interface Engineering for Boosting Oxygen Electrocatalysis Performance of Single‐Atom Catalysts: From Metal Active Center to the First Coordination Sphere
Authors: An Qizheng , Bo Shuowen , Jiang Jingjing , Gong Chen , Su Hui , Cheng Weiren , Liu Qinghua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the core reactions of a series of advanced modern energy and conversion technologies, such as fuel cells and metal–air cells. Among all kinds of oxygen electrocatalysts that have been reported, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) offer great development potential because of their nearly 100% atomic utilization, unsaturated coordination environment, and tunable electronic structure. In recent years, numerous SACs with enriched active centers and asymmetric coordination have been successfully constructed by regulating their coordination environment and electronic structure, which has brought the development of atomic catalysts to a new level. This paper reviews the improvement of SACs brought by atom‐level interface engineering. It starts with the introduction of advanced techniques for the characterizations of SACs. Subsequently, different design strategies that are applied to adjust the metal active center and first coordination sphere of SACs and then enhance their oxygen electrocatalysis performance are systematically illustrated. Finally, the future development of SACs toward ORR and OER is discussed and prospected.
Improving wheat productivity through integrated management of Avena ludoviciana
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Australia, wheat planting is preferred in June compared with May to kill early cohorts of weeds before planting, particularly in fields with a history of high weed infestation. However, wheat grain yield is often reduced for June planting. This study aimed to investigate the integrated effect of planting dates (May 7, i.e., early‐planted, and June 7, i.e., late‐planted), seeding rates (100 and 200 seeds m−2), and weed control treatments (nontreated control, pyroxasulfone 100 g a.i. ha−1, triallate 800 g a.i. ha−1, trifluralin 600 g a.i. ha−1, and prosulfocarb 2000 g a.i. ha−1 + S‐metolachlor 300 g a.i. ha−1) on Avena ludoviciana (Durieu) control and wheat yield. For early‐planted wheat, the pyroxasulfone‐treated plots had a higher yield (5.5 Mg ha−1) at a low seeding rate compared with a high seeding rate (4.7 Mg ha−1). Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early‐planted wheat using a low seeding rate produced a higher yield than each treatment of late‐planted wheat. In late‐planted wheat, varied seeding rates did not influence grain yield, irrespective of weed control treatments. Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early‐planted wheat at a low seeding rate gave similar yields, and yield levels in these treatments were higher than trifluralin and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor treatments. A high seeding rate in early‐planted wheat resulted in an increased grain yield by 42%, 27%, and 28% in nontreated, trifluralin, and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate. Weed biomass and weed seed production were lower in late‐planted wheat than in early‐planted wheat. Pyroxasulfone‐ and triallate‐treated plots accrued lower weed biomass and weed seed production than the nontreated plots. Averaged over weed control treatments, weed seed production was highest (2700 seeds m−2) in the early crop planted at a low seeding rate, which was reduced by 42% with late planting using a similar seeding rate. Averaged over weed control treatments, a high seeding rate in early‐ and late‐planted crops reduced weed seed production by 68% and 48%, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate. These results suggest that pyroxasulfone in early‐planted wheat can control A. ludoviciana effectively, limit weed seed production similar to late‐planted wheat, and prove a profitable option due to improved productivity compared with late‐planted wheat.
A more precise diagnosis by means of amyloid PET contributes to delayed institutionalization, lower mortality, and reduced care costs in a tertiary memory clinic setting
Authors: van Maurik Ingrid S. , Broulikova Hana M. , Mank Arenda , Bakker Els D. , de Wilde Arno , Bouwman Femke H. , Stephens Andrew W. , van Berckel Bart N. M. , Scheltens Philip , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aim to study the effect of a more precise diagnosis, by means of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), on institutionalization, mortality, and health‐care costs.MethodsBetween October 27, 2014 and December 31, 2016, we offered amyloid PET to all patients as part of their diagnostic work‐up. Patients who accepted to undergo amyloid PET (n = 449) were propensity score matched with patients without amyloid PET (n = 571, i.e., no PET). Matched groups (both n = 444) were compared on rate of institutionalization, mortality, and health‐care costs in the years after diagnosis.ResultsAmyloid PET patients had a lower risk of institutionalization (10% [n = 45] vs. 21% [n = 92]; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.48 [0.33–0.70]) and mortality rate (11% [n = 49] vs. 18% [n = 81]; HR = 0.51 [0.36–0.73]) and lower health‐care costs in the years after diagnosis compared to matched no‐PET patients (β = −4573.49 [−6524.76 to −2523.74], P‐value < 0.001).DiscussionA more precise diagnosis in tertiary memory clinic patients positively influenced the endpoints of institutionalization, death, and health‐care costs.
Single mRNA Imaging with Fluorogenic RNA Aptamers and Small‐molecule Fluorophores
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhao Xiaoying , Yang Nanyang , Li Xing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) is the fundamental information transfer system in the cell. Tracking single mRNA from transcription to degradation with fluorescent probes provides spatiotemporal information in cells about how the genetic information is transferred from DNA to proteins. The traditional single mRNA imaging approach utilizes RNA hairpins (e.g. MS2) and tethered fluorescent protein as probes. As an exciting alternative, RNA aptamers: small‐molecule fluorophores (SFs) systems have emerged as novel single mRNA imaging probes since 2019, exhibiting several advantages including fluorogenic ability and minimal perturbation. This review summarizes all five reported RNA aptamers: SFs systems for single mRNA imaging in living cells so far. It also discusses the challenges and provides prospects for single mRNA imaging applications. This review is expected to inspire researchers to develop RNA aptamers: SFs systems for studying gene expression at single‐molecule resolution in cells.
Mikromolare Affinität und höher: synthetische Wirt‐Gast‐Komplexe mit hoher Stabilität
Authors: Sarkar Sayan , Ballester Pablo , Spektor Mark , Kataev Evgeny A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDas Design von synthetischen Wirt‐Gast‐Komplexen mit hoher Affinität ist von größter Bedeutung, da sie Schlüsselelemente bei der Konstruktion beispielloser supramolekularer Assemblate, funktioneller Materialien, molekularer Sonden, künstlicher Signaltransduktionsereignisse und Schnittstellen mit der biologischen Welt sind. Dieser Aufsatz sammelt neueste Erfolge im Design von 1 : 1‐Wirt‐Gast‐Komplexen mit führender Stabilität, d. h. über 106 M−1. Die Beziehungen zwischen den gemessenen thermodynamischen Konstanten und den Strukturparametern der interagierenden Arten werden analysiert. Die Designmerkmale von hochaffinen Wirten werden im Licht ihrer Bindeeigenschaften diskutiert. Verschiedene Lösungsmittel und unterschiedliche Arten von nichtkovalenten Wechselwirkungen werden für die Stabilisierung der Komplexe berücksichtigt. Schließlich werden einige Hinweise für das Design zukünftiger synthetischer Rezeptoren mit hoher Affinität und Selektivität gegeben.
Regiodivergent and Enantioselective Hydroxylation of C−H bonds by Synergistic Use of Protein Engineering and Exogenous Dual‐Functional Small Molecules
Authors: Chen Jie , Dong Sheng , Fang Wenhan , Jiang Yiping , Chen Zhifeng , Qin Xiangquan , Wang Cong , Zhou Haifeng , Jin Longyi , Feng Yingang , Wang Binju , Cong Zhiqi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is a great challenge to optionally access diverse hydroxylation products from a given substrate bearing multiple reaction sites of sp3 and sp2 C−H bonds. Herein, we report the highly selective divergent hydroxylation of alkylbenzenes by an engineered P450 peroxygenase driven by a dual‐functional small molecule (DFSM). Using combinations of various P450BM3 variants with DFSMs enabled access to more than half of all possible hydroxylated products from each substrate with excellent regioselectivity (up to >99 %), enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee), and high total turnover numbers (up to 80963). Crystal structure analysis, molecular dynamic simulations, and theoretical calculations revealed that synergistic effects between exogenous DFSMs and the protein environment controlled regio‐ and enantioselectivity. This work has implications for exogenous‐molecule‐modulated enzymatic regiodivergent and enantioselective hydroxylation with potential applications in synthetic chemistry.
Persistent ATP‐Concentration Gradients in a Hydrogel Sustained by Chemical Fuel Consumption
Authors: Cao Yingjuan , Gabrielli Luca , Frezzato Diego , Prins Leonard J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe show the formation of macroscopic ATP‐concentrations in an agarose gel and demonstrate that these gradients can be sustained in time at the expense of the consumption of a chemical fuel. The approach relies on the spatially controlled activation of ATP‐producing and ATP‐consuming reactions through the local injection of enzymes in the matrix. The reaction‐diffusion system is maintained in a stationary non‐equilibrium state as long as chemical fuel, phosphocreatine, is present. The reaction‐diffusion system is coupled to a supramolecular system composed of monolayer protected gold nanoparticles and a fluorescent probe. As a result of this coupling, fluorescence signals emerge spontaneously in response to the ATP‐concentration gradients. We show that the approach permits the rational formation of complex fluorescence patterns that change over time as a function of the evolution of the ATP‐concentrations present in the system.
Persicamidines—Unprecedented Sesquarterpenoids with Potent Antiviral Bioactivity against Coronaviruses
Authors: Keller Lena , Oueis Emilia , Kaur Amninder , Safaei Nasim , Kirsch Susanne H. , Gunesch Antonia P. , Haid Sibylle , Rand Ulfert , Čičin‐Šain Luka , Fu Chengzhang , Wink Joachim , Pietschmann Thomas , Müller Rolf 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new family of highly unusual sesquarterpenoids (persicamidines A–E) exhibiting significant antiviral activity was isolated from a newly discovered actinobacterial strain, Kibdelosporangium persicum sp. nov., collected from a hot desert in Iran. Extensive NMR analysis unraveled a hexacyclic terpenoid molecule with a modified sugar moiety on one side and a highly unusual isourea moiety fused to the terpenoid structure. The structures of the five analogues differed only in the aminoalkyl side chain attached to the isourea moiety. Persicamidines A–E showed potent activity against hCoV‐229E and SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses in the nanomolar range together with very good selectivity indices, making persicamidines promising as starting points for drug development.