bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between serum triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio and blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension
Authors: Kurtkulagi Ozge , Aktas Gulali , Taslamacioglu Duman Tuba , Bilgin Satilmis , Atak Tel Burcin Meryem , Kahveci Gizem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypertension (HT) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of the treatment in HT patients is mostly depending on the office or home blood pressure monitoring. Triglyceride to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (THR) is an inflammatory and metabolic predictor. We aimed to compare THR levels of the HT patients with poorly controlled blood pressure levels to those with well‐controlled hypertensive subjects. In present cross sectional study, we grouped patients with HT either as well or poorly controlled hypertensive subjects according to the blood pressure measurement. THR of the groups compared. The THR of the poorly controlled HT group (3.9 [1.91–88.7]%) was significantly higher than the THR of the well‐controlled HT group (3.07 [0.71–35.8]%), (p < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of THR higher than 3.26% in predicting poor blood pressure control were 72% and 52%, respectively (AUC: 0.64, p <.01, %95 CI: %59–70). High THR levels in HT patients may warrant closer monitorization of blood pressure since it may predict poor blood pressure control in this population.
On the three lowest spin states of Na13+: Hybrid Density Functional Theory and benchmark CASSCF(12,12)+CASPT2 studies
Authors: Alanís‐Manzano Emiliano Isaías , Ramírez‐Solís Alejandro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe three lowest spin states (S = 0,1,2) of 12 representative isomers have been estudied using both, KS‐DFT via three hybrid density functionals, and benchmark multireference CASSCF and CASPT2 methods with a couple of Dunning's correlation consistent basis sets. CASSCF(12,12) geometry optimizations were carried out. Since 12 electrons in 12 active orbitals span the chemically‐significant complete valence space, the results of the present study provide benchmarks for . The CASPT2(12,12)/cc‐pVTZ* lowest energy structures are three nearly degenerate singlets (S = 0): an isomer formed from two pentagonal bipyramids fused together (PBPb), a capped centered‐squared antiprism [CSAP‐(1,3)] and an optimum tetrahedral OPTET(II) structure, the last two lying 0.88 and 1.63 kcal/mol above the first, respectively. The lowest triplet (S = 1) and quintet (S = 2) states lie 4.33 and 3.77 kcal/mol above the singlet global minimum, respectively. The latter is a deformed icosahedron while the former is a CSAP‐(1,3). The flatness of the potential energy surface of this cluster suggests a rather strong dynamical character at finite temperature. Prediction of the lowest energy structures and electronic properties is crucially sensitive both to non‐dynamical and dynamical electron correlation treatment. The CASPT2 vertical ionization energy is 3.66 eV, in excellent agreement with the 3.6 ± 0.1 eV experimental figure. All the isomers are found to have a strong multireference character, thus making KS density functional theory fundamentally inappropriate for these systems. Only large multiconfigurational CASSCF wavefunctions provide a reliable zeroth‐order description; then the dynamic correlation effects must be properly taken into account for a truly accurate account of the structural and energetic features of alkali‐metal clusters.
Human affinity for rivers
Authors: Wang Yichu , Borthwick Alistair G. L. , Ni Jinren 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman civilization prospers along rivers worldwide. Here, we investigated human–river relations by revealing the linkage between water and habitability for human settlements, and socioeconomic and cultural development across China. We found that human–water co‐occurrence relationships are self‐similar over sub‐basins for different scales of stream‐order in the river networks. According to the earlier complete demographic census conducted during the reign of the Qing Dynasty (1776), there has been a general tendency for inhabitants to live close to rivers, characterized by population density associated with habitability cored by water under a near‐natural state, which still remains to date (2019) even after long‐term population growth and human interventions. Throughout history, we have extended the linkage of human settlements to humanistic attributes with river networks, derived four different modes of human aggregation towards rivers, and elucidated the geographical diversity of river density, population density, cultural prosperity, and clusters of ethnicity, particularly the Western and the Northeast culture established in the arid (desert) areas, the Huaxia culture in the alluvial plains, the Loess/Nomadic/Southwestern Ethnic culture in the plateaus, and the Qi‐Lu/Wu‐Yue/Linnan culture in coastlands across the whole country. This work is also of significance to understanding long‐term human–water relationships at a global scale.
Physical layer enhancements in 5G‐NR for direct access via satellite systems
Authors: Cioni Stefano , Lin Xingqin , Chamaillard Baptiste , El Jaafari Mohamed , Charbit Gilles , Raschkowski Leszek 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAmong the several features and capabilities introduced by every new 3GPP release on 5G cellular systems, the latest Release 17 will be remembered as the first that specifies a set of enhancements and adaptations to support mobile broadband services via satellite direct access. Specifically focused on the necessary physical layer mechanism and procedure modifications, this paper will present in detail the 3GPP work about the inclusion of satellite systems in 5G networks.
A Novel Mesh‐Based Equivalent Magnetic Network for Deep Saturation Region of Permanent Magnet Machine
Authors: Zheng Junming , Feng Li , Zhang Bingyi , Cai Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPartial deep saturation of magnetic circuit is common in short‐term working permanent magnet (PM) machines in aviation, aerospace, new energy power generation and other fields. In order to accurately calculate the electromagnetic characteristics of the short‐term working machine, a novel mesh‐based equivalent magnetic network for the deep saturation region is proposed. Firstly, the deep saturation mechanism of the magnetic circuit of short‐term working motor is analyzed, and the deep saturation region is determined; Secondly, a Pointy topped hexagonal segmentation approach (PT‐HSA) grid generation method is proposed to effectively simulate complex magnetic flux paths. The PT‐HSA grid division and node compilation rules were analyzed in detail. In addition, a nonlinear magnetic network model based on reluctance grid model and equivalent magnetic circuit model is established. Compared with the quadrilateral segmentation approach (QSA) model, the calculation results of PT‐HSA model are closer to the finite element simulation results in the loading and instantaneous compensation conditions. Finally, an experimental platform is built, and the accuracy of the PT‐HSA magnetic network model is verified by the experimental results. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Relative importance of genotype, gene expression, and DNA methylation on complex traits in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Malinowska Marta , Ruud Anja Karine , Jensen Just , Svane Simon Fiil , Smith Abraham George , Bellucci Andrea , Lenk Ingo , Nagy Istvan , Fois Mattia , Didion Thomas , Thorup‐Kristensen Kristian , Jensen Christian Sig , Asp Torben 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe growing demand for food and feed crops in the world because of growing population and more extreme weather events requires high‐yielding and resilient crops. Many agriculturally important traits are polygenic, controlled by multiple regulatory layers, and with a strong interaction with the environment. In this study, 120 F2 families of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were grown across a water gradient in a semifield facility with subsoil irrigation. Genomic (single‐nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]), transcriptomic (gene expression [GE]), and DNA methylomic (MET) data were integrated with feed quality trait data collected from control and drought sections in the semifield facility, providing a treatment effect. Deep root length (DRL) below 110 cm was assessed with convolutional neural network image analysis. Bayesian prediction models were used to partition phenotypic variance into its components and evaluated the proportion of phenotypic variance in all traits captured by different regulatory layers (SNP, GE, and MET). The spatial effects and effects of SNP, GE, MET, the interaction between GE and MET (GE × MET) and GE × treatment (GEControl and GEDrought) interaction were investigated. Gene expression explained a substantial part of the genetic and spatial variance for all the investigated phenotypes, whereas MET explained residual variance not accounted for by SNPs or GE. For DRL, MET also contributed to explaining spatial variance. The study provides a statistically elegant analytical paradigm that integrates genomic, transcriptomic, and MET information to understand the regulatory mechanisms of polygenic effects for complex traits.
Home EEG sleep assessment shows reduced slow‐wave sleep in mild–moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kent Brianne A. , Casciola Amelia A. , Carlucci Sebastiano K. , Chen Meghan , Stager Sam , Mirian Maryam S. , Slack Penelope , Valerio Jason , McKeown Martin J. , Feldman Howard H. , Nygaard Haakon B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionSleep disturbances are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with estimates of prevalence as high as 65%. Recent work suggests that specific sleep stages, such as slow‐wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM), may directly impact AD pathophysiology. A major limitation to sleep staging is the requirement for clinical polysomnography (PSG), which is often not well tolerated in patients with dementia. We have recently developed a deep learning model to reliably analyze lower quality electroencephalogram (EEG) data obtained from a simple, two‐lead EEG headband. Here we assessed whether this methodology would allow for home EEG sleep staging in patients with mild–moderate AD.MethodsA total of 26 mild–moderate AD patients and 24 age‐matched, healthy control participants underwent home EEG sleep recordings as well as actigraphy and subjective sleep measures through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Each participant wore the EEG headband for up to three nights. Sleep was staged using a deep learning model previously developed by our group, and sleep stages were correlated with actigraphy measures as well as PSQI scores.ResultsWe show that home EEG with a headband is feasible and well tolerated in patients with AD. Patients with mild–moderate AD were found to spend less time in SWS compared to healthy control participants. Other sleep stages were not different between the two groups. Actigraphy or the PSQI were not found to predict home EEG sleep stages.DiscussionOur data show that home EEG is well tolerated, and can ascertain reduced SWS in patients with mild–moderate AD. Similar findings have previously been reported, but using clinical PSG not suitable for the home environment. Home EEG will be particularly useful in future clinical trials assessing potential interventions that may target specific sleep stages to alter the pathogenesis of AD.Highlights
Home electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep assessments are important for measuring sleep in patients with dementia because polysomnography is a limited resource not well tolerated in this patient population.
Simplified at‐home EEG for sleep assessment is feasible in patients with mild–moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Patients with mild–moderate AD exhibit less time spent in slow‐wave sleep in the home environment, compared to healthy control participants.
Compared to healthy control participants, patients with mild–moderate AD spend more time in bed, with decreased sleep efficiency, and more awakenings as measured by actigraphy, but these measures do not correlate with EEG sleep stages.
Standardization and quality control of Doppler and fetal biometric ultrasound measurements in low‐income setting
Authors: Ali S. , Byamugisha J. , Kawooya M. G. , Kakibogo I. M. , Ainembabazi I. , Biira E. A. , Kagimu A. N. , Migisa A. , Munyakazi M. , Kuniha S. , Scheele C. , Papageorghiou A. T. , Klipstein‐Grobusch K. , Rijken M. J. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the quality of fetal biometry and pulsed‐wave Doppler ultrasound measurements in a prospective cohort study in Uganda.MethodsThis was an ancillary study of the Ending Preventable Stillbirths by Improving Diagnosis of Babies at Risk (EPID) project, in which women enroled in early pregnancy underwent Doppler and fetal biometric assessment at 32–40 weeks of gestation. Sonographers undertook 6 weeks of training followed by onsite refresher training and audit exercises. A total of 125 images for each of the umbilical artery (UA), fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), left and right uterine arteries (UtA), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) were selected randomly from the EPID study database and evaluated independently by two experts in a blinded fashion using objective scoring criteria. Inter‐rater agreement was assessed using modified Fleiss' kappa for nominal variables and systematic errors were explored using quantile–quantile (Q–Q) plots.ResultsFor Doppler measurements, 96.8% of the UA images, 84.8% of the MCA images and 93.6% of the right UtA images were classified as of acceptable quality by both reviewers. For fetal biometry, 96.0% of the HC images, 96.0% of the AC images and 88.0% of the FL images were considered acceptable by both reviewers. The kappa values for inter‐rater reliability of quality assessment were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87–0.99) for the UA, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.58–0.82) for the MCA, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.95) for the right UtA, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87–0.98) for the HC, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.87–0.98) for the AC and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66–0.88) for the FL measurements. The Q–Q plots indicated no influence of systematic bias in the measurements.ConclusionsTraining local healthcare providers to perform Doppler ultrasound, and implementing quality control systems and audits using objective scoring tools in clinical and research settings, is feasible in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although we did not assess the impact of in‐service retraining offered to practitioners deviating from prescribed standards, such interventions should enhance the quality of ultrasound measurements and should be investigated in future studies. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Fatigue design sensitivities of large monopile offshore wind turbines
Authors: Sørum Stian H. , Katsikogiannis George , Bachynski‐Polić Erin E. , Amdahl Jørgen , Page Ana M. , Klinkvort Rasmus T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe input for fatigue analyses of offshore wind turbines is typically chosen based on design values provided by design standards. While this provides a straightforward design methodology, the contribution of different input parameters to the uncertainty in the fatigue damage estimates is usually unknown. This knowledge is important to have when improving current designs and methodologies, and the parameters governing the uncertainty is typically found through a sensitivity analysis. Several sensitivity studies have been performed for monopile‐based offshore wind turbines, typically focusing on specific turbines and engineering disciplines. This paper performs a sensitivity study for three monopile‐based offshore wind turbines (5 MW, 10 MW, 15 MW) using parameters from several engineering disciplines. The results show that the fatigue utilization is primarily governed by the uncertainty in the SN curves and fatigue capacity. Following this, the uncertainty in the environmental conditions is the dominating uncertainty, with wind loads becoming increasingly important as turbine size increases. Additionally, the effect of modelling uncertainties is investigated. The wind‐related model uncertainties dominate in the tower top, while uncertainties in the wave and soil models dominate in the tower base and monopile. Designers wanting to reduce the uncertainty in a design are recommended to focus on the environmental conditions, and using as accurate models as possible. All modelling uncertainties are significant, but research should particularly be focused on wave directionality and soil models.
Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Czech Republic
Authors: Cienciala Emil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractForestry in the Czech Republic is facing a historically unprecedented, mostly drought-induced decline in spruce-dominated stands, accompanied by an extensive bark beetle infestation that has spread across most of the country. As a result, the share of sanitary felling has dramatically increased, driving the total harvest to record-high levels in recent years. As a result, current forest management in the country practically resembles a crisis management dealing dominantly with unplanned disturbances. The Czech case shows clearly the essential, non-separable linkage between forest adaptation and mitigation––a simple recognition that, without adaptation, there is no mitigation. It also demonstrates the importance of tailoring the general climate smart forestry approach to regional circumstances. The current priorities of Czech forestry must be to halt forest decline, restore the lost vegetation cover on clearcut soils, and intensify adaptive management in order to create resilient forest ecosystems than can cope better with changing climate and extreme climate events.
Climate-Smart Forestry Case Study: Spain
Authors: Górriz-Mifsud Elena , Ameztegui Aitor , González Jose Ramón , Trasobares Antoni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Spain, 55% of land area is covered by forests and other woodlands. Broadleaves occupy a predominant position (56%), followed by conifers (37%) and mixed stands (7%). Forest are distributed among the Atlantic (north-western Iberian rim), Mediterranean (rest of the peninsula including the Balearic Islands) and Macaronesian (Canary Islands) climate zones. Spanish woodlands provide a multiplicity of provisioning ecosystem services, such as, wood, cork, pine nuts, mushrooms and truffles. In terms of habitat services, biodiversity is highly relevant. Cultural services are mainly recreational and tourism, the latter being a crucial economic sector in Spain (including rural and ecotourism). Regulatory services, such as erosion control, water availability, flood and wildfire risk reduction, are of such great importance that related forest zoning and consequent legislation were established already in the eighteenth century. Climate change in Southern Europe is forecast to involve an increase in temperature, reduction in precipitation and increase in aridity. As a result, the risks for natural disturbances are expected to increase. Of these, forest fires usually have the greatest impact on ecosystems in Spain. In 2010–2019, the average annual forest surface area affected by fire was 95,065 ha. The combination of extreme climatic conditions (drought, wind) and the large proportion of unmanaged forests presents a big challenge for the future. Erosion is another relevant risk. In the case of fire, mitigation strategies should combine modification of the land use at the landscape level, in order to generate mosaics that will create barriers to the spread of large fires, along with stand-level prevention measures to either slow the spread of surface fires or, more importantly, impede the possibility of fire crowning or disrupt its spread. Similarly, forest management can play a major role in mitigating the impact of drought on a forest. According to the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) accounting, Spanish forests absorbed 11% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019. Investments in climate-smart forestry provide opportunities for using all the different parts of the Spanish forest-based sector for climate mitigation––forest sinks, the substitution of wood raw materials and products for fossil materials, and the storage of carbon in wood products. Moreover, this approach simultaneously helps to advance the adaptation of the forest to changing climate and to build forest resilience.
Carbon Sequestration and Storage in European Forests
Authors: Kilpeläinen Antti , Peltola Heli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEuropean forests have been acting as a significant carbon sink for the last few decades. However, there are significant distinctions among the forest carbon sinks in different parts of Europe due to differences in the area and structure of the forests, and the harvesting intensity of these. In many European countries, the forest area has increased through natural forest expansion and the afforestation of low-productivity agricultural lands. Changing environmental conditions and improved forest management practices have also increased the carbon sequestration and storage in forests in different regions. The future development of carbon sequestration and storage in European forests will be affected both by the intensity of forest management and harvesting (related to future wood demand) and the severity of climate change and the associated increase in natural forest disturbances. Climate change may also affect the carbon dynamics of forests in different ways, depending on geographical region. Therefore, many uncertainties exist in the future development of carbon sequestration and storage in European forests, and their contribution to climate change mitigation. The demand for multiple ecosystem services, and differences in national and international strategies and policies (e.g. the European Green Deal, climate and biodiversity policies), may also affect the future development of carbon sinks in European forests.
Climate-Change Mitigation in the Forest-Based Sector: A Holistic View
Authors: Hurmekoski Elias , Kilpeläinen Antti , Seppälä Jyri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractForests and wood use can contribute to climate-change mitigation by enhancing carbon sinks through afforestation, reforestation and improved forest management, by maintaining carbon stocks through natural or anthropogenic disturbance prevention, by increasing offsite carbon stocks, and through material and energy substitution by changing the industry production structure and enhancing resource efficiency. As forests grow fairly slowly in Europe, increasing the wood harvesting intensity decreases the carbon stocks in aboveground biomass, at least in the short to medium term (0–50 years) compared to a baseline harvest regime. The key issue is the time frame in which the decreased carbon stock in forests can be compensated for by improved forest growth resulting from improved forest management and the benefits related to wood utilisation. Thus, there is a need to address potential trade-offs between the short- to medium-term and the long-term (50+ years) net emissions. An optimal strategy needs to be tailored based also on regional specificities related to, for example, local climatic and site conditions, the state of the forests, the institutional setting and the industry structures. This chapter presents a way to assess the effectiveness of forest-sector climate-change mitigation strategies across different contexts and time horizons, combining the climate impacts of forests and the wood utilisation of the technosphere. We identify potential ‘no-regret’ mitigation pathways with minimum trade-offs, and conclude with the research and policy implications.