bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetry, Nonlinearity, and Dynamics of El Niño Southern Oscillation
Authors: Swedan Nabil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Asymmetry and nonlinearity of the observed Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) have been subjects of research for decades. The magnitude of the warming phase of the Index, or El Niño, is always greater than that of the succeeding cooling phase, or La Niña. In addition, the Index is damped with time. Such asymmetry and nonlinearity of ONI have remained un-captured by climate model simulations. Addressing these subjects satisfactorily is important for through comprehension of ENSO dynamics. This work proposes a potential explanation of the asymmetry and nonlinearity of ONI. El Niño Southern Oscillation is a product of an air hammer produced by atmospheric air forces in El Niño region. The resulting energy cycles between atmosphere and ocean are damped with time, just like pressure and energy cycles produced by water, steam, and air hammer experienced in practical applications. In analogy, the amplitude of the warming phase is greater than that of the succeeding cooling phase, and the Oceanic Niño Index exhibits nonlinearity with time. The physical explanation and theoretically derived Oceanic Niño Index agree with observations, and the theoretical index may therefore be used to assess ENSO climatology. This may have merit for research and society.
Cancer Genomic Profiling Identified Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Bladder Cancer Promotes Vulnerability to Gemcitabine
Authors: Tsukahara Shigehiro , Shiota Masaki , Takamatsu Dai , Nagakawa Shohei , Matsumoto Takashi , Kiyokoba Ryo , Yagi Mikako , Setoyama Daiki , Noda Nozomi , Matsumoto Shinya , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Contreras-Sanz Alberto , Black Peter C. , Inokuchi Junichi , Kohashi Kenichi , Oda Yoshinao , Uchiumi Takeshi , Eto Masatoshi , Kang Dongchon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chemotherapy is a standard therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, genomic alterations associated with chemotherapy sensitivity in MIBC have not been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the genomic landscape of MIBC in association with the response to chemotherapy and to explore the biological role of genomic alterations. Genomic alterations in MIBC were sequenced by targeted exome sequencing of 409 genes. Gene expression in MIBC tissues was analyzed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and RNA microarray. Cellular sensitivity to gemcitabine and gemcitabine metabolite was examined in bladder cancer cells after modulation of candidate gene. Targeted exome sequencing in 20 cases with MIBC revealed various genomic alterations, and we focus on DPYD. Conversely, high DPYD and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expression was associated with poor response to gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy among patients with MIBC, as well as gemcitabine resistance in bladder cancer cells. DPD suppression rendered cells vulnerable to gemcitabine, while DPD overexpression made cells gemcitabine-resistant through reduced activity of the cytotoxic gemcitabine metabolite difluorodeoxycytidine diphosphate. This study revealed the novel role of DPD in gemcitabine metabolism. It has been suggested that DPYD genomic alterations and DPD expression are potential predictive biomarkers in gemcitabine treatment.
Sources of acquisition and frequency of e-cigarette use among adolescents in the United States
Authors: Esther Adeniran , Manul Awasthi , Adekunle Oke , Billy Brooks , Manik Ahuja , Jones Antwan , Florence Weierbach W , Adkins Fletcher R. , Mamudu Hadii M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Despite strategies prohibiting e-cigarettes use and purchase, the literature suggests continued use and access by adolescents. Guided by the Socio-Ecological Model, we examined sources and types of e-cigarettes along with the associated frequency of use among U.S school-going adolescents. Methods: We used the 2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey comprising U.S middle and high schoolers (n=19,018). Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations between sources and types of e-cigarettes, and the frequency of use while controlling for covariates. Results: The final sample was 3,537 with 76.9% high schoolers, 51.6% males, and 59.7% prefilled pods/cartridges users (JUUL). Past-month e-cigarette use was 60.8% for 1-10 days, 14.3% for 11-20 days, and 24.9% for 21-30 days. Sources adolescents obtained e-cigarettes included retail stores (20.1%), vape shops (15.2%), internet (7.1%), social networks (74.0%), and unknown sources (5.9%). Compared to 1-10 days, 21-30 days e-cigarette use was higher among participants who obtained e-cigarettes from retail stores [OR= 3.03; 95% CI= 3.009-3.046; P<0.001], vape shops [OR= 3.42; 95% CI= 3.393-3.439; P<0.001], and the internet [OR= 1.85; 95% CI= 1.839-1.872; P<0.001] than from other sources, but lower when obtained from social networks [OR= 0.63; 95% CI= 0.628-0.636; P<0.001]. Using e-cigarettes like JUUL was associated with higher odds of 21-30 days [OR= 1.11; 95% CI= 1.106-1.120; P<0.001] use than refillable e-cigarette tank. Conclusion: Factors within the organizational and community levels, including types (JUUL) and sources of e-cigarette (retail stores, vape shops, and internet), were associated with a higher frequency of past-month use.
On the long and short-range adhesive interactions in viscoelastic contacts
Authors: Violano Guido , Afferrante Luciano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, tribologists have shown increasing interest in rate-dependent phenomena occurring in viscoelastic fractures. However, in some cases, conflicting results are obtained despite the use of similar theoretical models. For this reason, we try to shed light on the effects that long and short-range adhesion has on the pull-off force in the contact of viscoelastic media by exploiting a recently developed numerical model.
We find that, in the limit of long-range adhesion, the unloading velocity has little effect on the pull-off force, which is close to the value predicted by Bradley for rigid bodies. In such case, the detachment process is characterized by a uniform bond-breaking of the contact area, and viscous dissipation involves the bulk material.
For medium(short)-range adhesion, the pull-off force is instead a monotonic increasing function of the pulling velocity and, at high speeds, reaches a plateau that is a function of the adiabatic surface energy. In this case, the detachment process is similar to the opening of a circular crack, and viscous dissipation is localized at the contact edge.
Oxaliplatin induced Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome masquerading as colorectal liver metastasis: A Case report
Authors: Gupta Vipul , Chopde Amit , Patkar Shraddha , Deodhar Kedar , Goel Mahesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Multicentre International Study of oxaliplatin/5-FU/leucovorin [FOLFOX] in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer Trial has shown that addition of oxaliplatin to infusional FU [fluorouracil] and leucovorin increased disease free and overall survival rates significantly. Another combination used is that of oxaliplatin and capecitabine, and hence oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is commonly used in adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. However oxaliplatin can cause damage to non-tumor bearing liver which presents as sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS). These lesions are difficult to differentiate from metastasis both radiologically and clinically. The present study reports the case of a patient with oxaliplatin-induced SOS which mimicked colo-rectal liver metastasis on imaging studies. Therefore, in patients with colo-rectal cancer having received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, SOS may be considered as one of the causes of newly developed liver lesions, particularly if they possess representative findings of oxaliplatin‑induced SOS and the lesions do not demonstrate FDG uptake on PET-CT.Conclusion: Thorough clinical knowledge of imaging findings and thus identification of focal SOS may help in preventing overtreatment and avoiding potentially morbid surgeries.
Dataset Mismatched Steganalysis Using Subdomain Adaptation With Guiding Feature
Authors: Zhang Lei , Abdullahi Sani M. , He Peisong , Wang Hongxia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The generalization problem in deep learning has always been an important problem to be solved. In the field of steganalysis, generalization is also an important factor that makes steganalysis models difficult to deploy in real-world scenarios. For a group of suspicious images that never appeared in the training set, the pre-trained deep learning-based steganalysis models tend to suffer from distinct performance degradation. To address this limitation, in this paper, a feature-guided subdomain adaptation steganalysis framework is proposed to improve the performance of the pre-trained models when detecting new data. Initially, the source domain and target domain will be divided into subdomains according to class, and the distributions of the relevant subdomains are aligned by subdomain adaptation. Afterward, the guiding feature is generated to make the division of subdomains more stable and precise. When it is used to detect three spatial steganographic algorithms with a wide variety of datasets and payloads, the experimental results show that the proposed steganalysis framework can significantly improve the average accuracy of SRNet model by 5.4% at 0.4bpp, 8.5% at 0.2bpp, and 8.0% at 0.1bpp in the case of dataset mismatch.
Study on the Law and Mechanism of Joint Structure Damage Caused by Ice Wedge in Saturated Coal and Rock
Authors: Li Hewan , Sun Siyang , Wang Laigui , Liu Jian , Zhang Ziheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The width and degree of connectivity of coal and rock joints directly affect the seepage ability of gas and other mobile energy. In order to study the damage law and mechanism of coal and rock joint structure under the action of liquid nitrogen, two methods of non-liquid nitrogen loading and liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing are used for different water content. The joint structure damage modification test of the saturation coal and rock was performed. The OLS4000 laser confocal microscope and the MH-25 universal tensile testing machine were used to observe the changes in the joint width and the Young's modulus of the coal surface before and after the test, and analyzed the influence of ice wedge expansion stress on coal and rock structure damage by establishing a physical and mechanical model. The test results found that the expansion stress, confining pressure, and temperature stress of the ice wedge in the joint affect the damage of the coal and rock joint structure, and the expansion stress of the ice wedge contributes the most. With the increase of water saturation, the damage to the joint structure of coal and rock is intensified. The expansion stress of the ice wedge under water saturation affects the damage of the joint structure of coal and rock most obviously. The physical mechanics model of coal and rock joints is used to reveal the damage mechanism of the ice wedge expansion stress affecting the coal and rock joint structure. The establishment of damage criteria provides new ideas for the mining of clean energy such as coalbed methane and the prevention of rock bursts.
Antibiotic and genetic profiling of field-collected and laboratory wild-type strains reveals seven novel Bacillus spizizenii strains that produce the lanthipeptide subtilin
Authors: Helfrich Markus , Entian Karl-Dieter , Stein Torsten Helge 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two dozen field-collected Bacillus and a dozen laboratory Bacillus spizizenii wild-type strains were selected on the basis of their antagonistic properties against the Gram-positive strain Micrococcus luteus. Their genetic and antibiotic profiles were characterized (subtilin encoding spaS gene sequences, mass spectrometric and quantitative reversed phase rpHPLC analyses, as well as presence of the lanthionin cyclase protein SpaC by western blotting). We identified seven novel producer of the lanthipeptide subtilin. Phylogenetic analyses of the field collected (HS and N5) and laboratory (DSM 618, 1087, 6395, 6405, and 8439) subtilin producer strains on the basis of their 16S rDNA encoding rrn sequences showed that all seven strains can be classified to B. spizizenii. To the best of our knowledge, all B. spizizenii strains described so far are characterized by the fact that they can produce a lanthipeptide from the subtilin family. Furthermore, the potential of the analyzed strains with regard to the coproduction of the sactipeptide subtilosin and the lipopeptides surfactin and fengycin were determined.
Living Labs for a Mobile App-Based Health Program: Effectiveness of a 24-Week Walking Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Among Female Korean-Chinese Migrant Workers: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Youlim , Lee Hyeonkyeong , Chung Misook Lee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The risk of Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) among adult populations is influenced by environmental factors, and immigrant populations tend to be more vulnerable. This study examined the effectiveness of a 24-week app-based walking program for CVD risk reduction among female Korean-Chinese middle-aged workers.Methods: This study used a pilot parallel randomized controlled trial. Participants were recruited by distributing posters and flyers and randomly assigned to either the standard treatment (ST, n=22) or enhanced treatment group (ET, n=28). Participants were provided with a mobile app linked to Fitbit Alta for 24 weeks and instructed to walk at least 30 minutes five times a week and moderate-intensity physical activity. The ET group had additional interventions that enhanced socio-cognitive factors such as self-efficacy, social support. All participants were guided to voluntary physical activity during the 12-week maintenance period. Data were analyzed by the Mann Whitney U-test and a generalized estimating equation. Results: There were significant between-group differences regarding the number of steps (B=1.295, P< .001) and moderate physical activity time (OR=6.396, P= .030) at week 12. ET group had significant changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (B=10.522, P= .007), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( B=-16.178, P=.024), total cholesterol (B=-20.325, P= .039), fasting blood sugar (B= -8.138, P=-.046). In addition, there was a significant reduction of 10-year CVD risk for the ET group over 12 weeks compared to the ST group (B =-0.521, P<. 001). Conclusions: Long-term studies are needed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in large-scale migrant workers and to confirm the direct and insdirect effects of socio-cognitive factors on health outcomes.Trial Registration: The trial was retrospectively registered in WHO ICTRP (KCT0006467) August 19th, 2021. (https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=KCT0006467,
A Nanobody as a Potent Angiogenesis Inhibitor That Targets the Orphan Receptor Tie1
Authors: Meltzer May , Eliash Noam , Papo Niv 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Human Tie1 and Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are signaling molecules with important pathophysiological functions in many diseases, including different cancers. Tie1, in particular, has been implicated in the promotion of tumor growth and cancer cell migration in vitro and in vivo. Tie1 activity is mediated mainly through the downstream angiopoietin-1 (Ang1)-dependent activation of Tie2, rendering both Tie 1 and the Tie1/Tie2/Ang1 axis attractive putative targets for therapeutic intervention. However, the development of inhibitors that target Tie1 and their effect on Tie2 or on the Tie1/Tie2/Ang1 axis in general remains an unfulfilled task, due, largely, to the facts that Tie1 is an orphan receptor and is difficult to produce and use in the quantities required for immune antibody library screens. In a search for a selective inhibitor of this orphan receptor, we sought to exploit the advantages (e.g., small size that allows them to bind to hidden epitopes) of non-immune nanobodies and to simultaneously overcome their limitations (i.e., low expression and stability). We thus performed expression, stability and affinity screens of yeast-surface-displayed naïve and predesigned synthetic (non-immune) nanobody libraries against the Tie1 extracellular domain. The screens yielded a nanobody with high expression and good affinity and specificity for Tie1, thereby yielding preferential binding for Tie 1 over Tie2. The stability, selectivity, potency, and therapeutic potential of this synthetic nanobody were profiled using in vitro and cell-based assays. The nanobody triggered a Tie1-dependent inhibition of RTK (Tie2, Akt and FAK) phosphorylation and angiogenesis in endothelial cells, and suppression of cancer cell proliferation and migration.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Metaphotonics and Self-coupled Polariton Platform Realized by CVD Bottom-up Method
Authors: sheng fuhuan , zhou yaoqiang , zhang zhenhe , Ma Jingwen , Chen Huanjun , Wang Shaojun , Chen Zhefeng , Xu Jian-Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The exotic electronic and optical properties of the transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) opens up new opportunities in the field of dielectric metaphotonics. Although some interesting photonic phenomena have been demonstrated in nanostructures fabricated from mechanical exfoliated TMDCs, it is still challenging to realize the large scale TMDCs metaphotonics structure with controllable geometric parameters. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the MoS2 metaphotonics structures through the CVD bottom-up method, which support both the dielectric resonant modes and self-coupled polaritons. To be specific, we realize the magnetic-type surface lattice resonance(M-SLR) in the 1D MoS2 metaphotonics structure with extremely low material loss. As a proof of concept, we further exhibit a self-coupled exciton-SLR polariton via the spatial dispersion with abnormal coupling strength to the mode volume and the Rabi splitting up to 170meV. Bright Mie modes and self-coupled anapole-exciton polaritons with unambiguous anti-crossing behavior are also realized in 2D MoS2 metaphotonics structures. We argue that the TMDCs structure based on this CVD bottom-up fabrication method not only can realize nanoresonator but also can be extended to other metaphotonic structure such as metasurface, metalens and slab photonic crystal.
Post-Procedure Micro-CT Analyses of Coronary Artery Stenting in Left Main Vessels of Human Hearts
Authors: Valenzuela Thomas F , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) within left main coronary arteries are high-risk procedures that require optimization of interactions between stent(s) and diseased vessels. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a widely accepted tool that enhances physicians’ ability to assess proper stent appositions during procedures. The primary aim of this study was to develop complementary post-procedure imaging methodologies to better assess and interpret outcomes of left main PCI procedures, utilizing reanimated and perfusion-fixed human hearts.Methods: PCIs were performed while obtaining OCT scans within the left main anatomies of six human hearts. Following PCI, each heart was scanned with a micro-CT scanner with optimized parameters to achieve resolutions up to 20µm. Scans were reconstructed and imported into DICOM software to segment and generate models of implanted stents and coronary vessels. 2D images that were obtained during PCI from OCT were used to assess the accuracy of 3D models generated from micro-CT reconstructions. Additionally, the 3D models were utilized to create virtual reality scenes and enlarged 3D prints for “mixed reality” physician training and education relative to bifurcation stenting in human left main coronary arteries.Results: We developed a reproducible methodology for post-implant analyses of coronary artery stenting procedures, and created 3D models down to 20 microns of resolution for reanimated and perfusion-fixed heart specimens. Conclusions: These models can be used to obtain detailed measurements for further clinical insight on procedural outcomes. 3D models resulting from these scans are useful for generating virtual reality scenes and 3D prints for physician training and education.
Postoperative Bile Leakage and Anastomotic Stricture After Roux en Y Hepaticojejunostomy: A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors.
Authors: Rey Carlos , Conde Danny , Polania David , Garcia Juan Pablo , Olarte Juan Carlos Sabogal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveTo describe the experience and long-term follow-up after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy and defining potential risk factors for early and late postoperative outcomes, such as bile leakage and anastomotic stricture.Summary Background dataRoux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is widely used in gastrointestinal surgery. Bile leakage and anastomotic stricture were the most relevant postoperative complications. The risk factors for postoperative morbidity are poorly described.MethodsAll patients who underwent hepaticojejunostomy between January 2014 - December 2020, were included in this study. Follow up was performed for four years. Multinomial logistic regression was performed, associations between clinical and operative variables were explored, and bile leakage and anastomotic stricture were defined as outcomes at early and late follow-up respectively.ResultsA total of 199 patients were included in this study. Female patients was 56.28%. Mean age 61.73yo. The mean follow-up period was 54 months. Pancreatic cancer was the most common preoperative diagnosis (52.26%). Bile leakage was observed in 4.02%, and anastomotic stricture in 4.52% after 4 years follow- up. Body mass index (BMI) > 27 kg/m2 was associated with bile leakage (p = 0.0001 95% CI). A benign diagnosis was associated with an anastomotic stricture. (p = 0.003 95% CI).ConclusionAppropriate technique is the key factor in decreasing both biliary leak and anastomotic stricture after surgery. It seems that a BMI > 27 kg/m2 is associated with an increased risk of postoperative bile leakage. Oncologic conditions increase postoperative morbidity but do affect biliary leaks or stricture. In addition, benign conditions are associated with a high risk of anastomotic stricture.
The mechanism of RNA capping by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tagliabracci Vincent , Park Gina , Osinski Adam , Hernandez Genaro , Eitson Jennifer , Majumdar Abir , Tonelli Marco , Henzler-Wildman Katherine , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Chen Zhe , Li Yang , Schoggins John 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome contains a 5′-cap that facilitates translation of viral proteins, protection from exonucleases and evasion of the host immune response1-4. How this cap is made is not completely understood. Here, we reconstitute the SARS-CoV-2 7MeGpppA2′-O-Me-RNA cap using virally encoded non-structural proteins (nsps). We show that the kinase-like NiRAN domain5 of nsp12 transfers RNA to the amino terminus of nsp9, forming a covalent RNA-protein intermediate (a process termed RNAylation). Subsequently, the NiRAN domain transfers RNA to GDP, forming the cap core structure GpppA-RNA. The nsp146 and nsp167 methyltransferases then add methyl groups to form functional cap structures. Structural analyses of the replication-transcription complex bound to nsp9 identified key interactions that mediate the capping reaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate in a reverse genetics system8 that the N-terminus of nsp9 and the kinase-like active site residues in the NiRAN domain are required for successful SARS-CoV-2 replication. Collectively, our results reveal an unconventional mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 caps its RNA genome, thus exposing a new target in the development of antivirals to treat COVID-19.