bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: Roles of activities of daily living and frailty assessments for residents of residential aged care services in emergency department transfers: A scoping review
Authors: Smyth James , Umapathysivam Kandiah , Hendrix Ivanka , Grantham Hugh , Arendts Glenn , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResidents from residential aged care services (RACS) (i.e. nursing homes) many of whom are frail or disabled, are frequently transferred to ED for treatment of acute episodes of illness or injury. This review scoped the research related to the ways in which frailty or activities of daily living (ADL) measures are used for clinical purposes, either prior to the transfer of patients to ED or in ED themselves. A search for original studies up to June 2021 that included participants aged 65 years or over was conducted across four databases. Abstracts were first reviewed, leading to full text screening and article selection. Thirty‐four studies were included in the scoping review. Most of the ADL and frailty assessments were conducted in residential aged care settings. In seven studies, ADL or frailty assessments in the aged care setting contributed to reduced transfer rates to ED. No results were found that associated the assessment of ADL or frailty with decisions related to treatment in the ED. A single ED study involved specialist emergency nursing in an ED as an intervention which included frailty assessment and led to decreased hospitalisation. This scoping review confirms an opportunity for further research into the ways frailty and ADL assessments are used for decision making in relation to the transfer of frail older people to ED, including how these assessments influence their treatment.
Evaluation of irrigant extrusion following the use of different root canal irrigation techniques: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Azizi Mazreah Siavash , Shirvani Armin , Azizi Mazreah Homa , Dianat Omid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis systematic review investigates whether different irrigation techniques have different effects on irrigant extrusion from mature tooth apices. Articles published between January 2000 and January 2022 were searched in six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane) using appropriate keywords. Overall, 2265 articles were screened by their titles and abstracts. Fifty‐six full‐text articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Of them, 17 in vitro studies were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis was conducted using the random‐effects inverse variance method. The results showed that the negative pressure technique caused a lesser amount (p = 0.00) and frequency (p = 0.00) of extrusion than the open‐ended needle irrigation. Sonic and ultrasonic activation caused less amount of extrusion than both open‐ended (p = 0.00 or p = 0.01) and closed‐ended needle (p = 0.00) irrigation.
A model to predict difficult airway alerts after videolaryngoscopy in adults with anticipated difficult airways – the VIDIAC score
Authors: Kohse E. K. , Siebert H. K. , Sasu P. B. , Loock K. , Dohrmann T. , Breitfeld P. , Barclay‐Steuart A. , Stark M. , Sehner S. , Zöllner C. , Petzoldt M. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryA model to classify the difficulty of videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation has yet to be established. The videolaryngoscopic intubation and difficult airway classification (VIDIAC) study aimed to develop one based on variables associated with difficult videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubation. We studied 374 videolaryngoscopic tracheal intubations in 320 adults scheduled for ear, nose and throat or oral and maxillofacial surgery, for whom airway management was expected to be difficult. The primary outcome was whether an anaesthetist issued a ‘difficult airway alert’ after videolaryngoscopy. An alert was issued after 183 (49%) intubations. Random forest and lasso regression analysis selected six intubation‐related variables associated with issuing an alert: impaired epiglottic movement; increased lifting force; direct epiglottic lifting; vocal cords clearly visible; vocal cords not visible; and enlarged arytenoids. Internal validation was performed by a 10‐fold cross‐validation, repeated 20 times. The mean (SD or 95%CI) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (0.05) for the cross validated coefficient model and 0.92 (0.89–0.95) for a simplified unitary score (VIDIAC score with component values of −1 or 1 only). The calibration belt for the coefficient model was consistent with observed alert probabilities, from 0% to 100%, while the unitary VIDIAC score overestimated probabilities < 20% and underestimated probabilities > 70%. Discrimination of the VIDIAC score for patients more or less likely to be issued an alert was better than discrimination by the Cormack–Lehane classification, with mean (95%CI) areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92 (0.89–0.95) vs. 0.75 (0.70–0.80), respectively, p < 0.001. Our model and score can be used to calculate the probabilities of difficult airway alerts after videolaryngoscopy.
Salted Identities: Biocultural Heritage for a Rehumanized Ocean Management in South Africa
Authors: Boswell Rosabelle 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYIn this article, I discuss coastal and oceanic biocultural heritage and its relevance to a transformed perception of the ocean and coast in South Africa. An anthropology of biocultural heritage at the coast reveals the multidimensional nature of personhoods—specifically transspecies, trans‐material forms of personhood—and the rich dialogical engagement of “humans” with nature and marine species. Through sensory ethnography on coastal biocultural heritage in South Africa’s Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces, I challenge anthropocentric strategies for ocean management and assert the need to consider sensory/embodied relations with the sea and the sentience of other species in the marine space. By presenting on and discussing coastal biocultural heritage, I hope to advance discussions on identity in Africa as well as marine epistemologies for a rehumanized ocean management in South Africa and the world.
Types of intrapartum hypoxia in the newborn at term with metabolic acidemia: A retrospective study
Authors: Descourvieres Léa , Ghesquiere Louise , Drumez Elodie , Martin Claire , Sauvage Audrey , Subtil Damien , Houfflin‐Debarge Véronique , Garabedian Charles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn the most recent recommendations of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), a chapter was dedicated to the physiological approach and to the description of fetal mechanisms developed to respond to hypoxia. Our objective was to classify the type of hypoxia in the case of metabolic acidemia and to describe the order of appearance of fetal heart rate abnormalities in cases of gradually evolving hypoxia.Material and methods132 neonates born between 2018 and 2020 with acidemia were included. We excluded preterm birth, fetuses with congenital anomaly and twin pregnancies. Intrapartum cardiotocography traces were assigned to one of these four types of labor hypoxia: acute, subacute, gradually evolving and chronic hypoxia. For gradually evolving hypoxia, fetal heart rate abnormalities were described according to the FIGO classification.Results36 cardiotocography traces (27.3%) were classified as acute hypoxia, 14 (10.6%) as subacute hypoxia, and 3 (3.2%) as chronic hypoxia; gradually evolving hypoxia occurred in 62 cases (47%). In 77.4% of cases of gradually evolving hypoxia, deceleration was the first anomaly to appear, with loss of variability and bradycardia appearing later. Increased fetal heart rate was observed immediately after late deceleration in 46.8% of cases and was followed by a loss of variability or saltatory rhythm in 37.1% of cases.ConclusionsIn cases of metabolic acidemia at term, the most frequent situation observed was gradually evolving hypoxia, with an initial occurrence of decelerations. The sequence of fetal heart rate modifications was variable.
Profiling chromosomal‐level variations in gastric malignancies
Authors: Negoto Tetsuya , Jo Minji , Nakayama Izuma , Morioka Motohiro , Takeuchi Kengo , Kawachi Hiroshi , Hirota Toru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAneuploidy arises from persistent chromosome segregation errors, or chromosomal instability. Although it has long been known as a hallmark of cancer cells, reduced cellular fitness upon induced ploidy alterations hinders the understanding of how aneuploidy relates to cancer development in the body. In this study, we used FISH analysis targeting centromeres to indicate ploidy changes, and quantitatively evaluated the ploidy statuses of gastric tumors derived from a total of 214 patients, ranging from early to advanced disease. We found that cancer cells reveal a marked elevation of aneuploid population, increasingly in cases diagnosed in advanced stages. The expansion of the aneuploid population is well associated with p53 deficiency, consistent with its essential role in genome maintenance. Comparisons among multiple locations within the tumor, or between the primary and metastatic tumors, indicated that cancer cells mostly retain their ploidy alterations throughout primary tumors, but metastatic tumors may consist of cells with either increased or decreased levels of aneuploidy. We also found that a notable proportion of polyploid cells are often already present in chronic gastritis epithelia. These observations underscore that chromosome‐level variations are widespread in gastric cancers, shaping their genetic heterogeneity and malignant properties.
Screening for behavioural problems in children aged 3 to 5 years
Authors: Del Rio Rodriguez Betty , Dongarwar Deepa , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to investigate the association between undergoing behavioural screening and having a diagnosis of behavioural problems and to explore factors associated with receiving treatment with counselling versus medication in children 3 to 5 years old.MethodsThis cross‐sectional data analysis consisted of children 3–5 years old from the US National Study of Children's Health, 2017–2018. Pearson's χ2 test was used to assess the association between formal and informal screening and having a behavioural problem. Prevalence of behavioural screening, behavioural problems, and covariates were calculated. Survey binomial logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between formal and informal screening and treatment with counselling versus medication in children with behavioural problems.ResultsA total of 7837 children 3–5 years old were included in the analysis. Combined formal and informal screening for behavioural problems was 18.1%, 12.3% of children had informal screening only, and 10.8% had formal screening, as reported by parents. Five percent of children had a diagnosis of behavioural problem, for which 6.8% had formal screening only, 16.5% had informal screening only, and 58% had both. Children who had both types of screening were about 10 times as likely to have behavioural problems, and about 4 times as likely if they only had informal screening. Children with behavioural problems who had both types of screening were about 5 times as likely to be treated with medication.ConclusionFormal behavioural screening was low in children 3 to 5 years old but, when done in conjunction with informal screening such as addressing parental concerns, was associated with a diagnosis of behavioural problems and receipt of treatment with medication.
Retinoid-induced skeletal hyperostosis in disorders of keratinization
Authors: Doolan Brent J. , Paolino Alexandra , Greenblatt Danielle T. , Mellerio Jemima E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For disorders of keratinization, topical treatment alone may be ineffective, and systemic retinoid therapy may be indicated. Treatment with systemic retinoids (acitretin, isotretinoin and alitretinoin) has been shown to be effective in reducing disease severity; however, potentially rare adverse effects (AEs) may occur, including hyperostotic skeletal changes. The true prevalence of this AE in adult patients administered life-long therapy is unknown. We identified 3 of 127 (2.4%) patients (with ichthyosis or Darier disease) who had been prescribed isotretinoin with or without acitretin, and who developed radiological signs and clinical symptoms of hyperostosis and ligamentous ossification. This clinical review highlights the significance of retinoid-induced skeletal hyperostosis in patients prescribed long-term, high-dose retinoid therapy for disorders of keratinization. Patients commencing systemic retinoid therapy, particularly women of childbearing age, should be counselled about this important and potentially serious AE, especially if long-term treatment is indicated.
Comorbidities in Chilean patients with psoriasis: a Global Healthcare Study on Psoriasis
Authors: Valenzuela Fernando , De La Cruz Claudia , Lecaros Cristóbal , Fernández Javier , Hevia Gonzalo , Maul Lara Valeska , Thyssen Jacob P. , Vera-Kellet Cristián , Egeberg Alexander , Armijo Daniela , Pizarro Cristian , Riveros Tatiana , Correa Hernán , Guglielmetti Antonio , Didaskalu Johannes A. , Wu Jashin J. , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Romiti Ricardo , Maul Julia-Tatjana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with several important medical comorbidities. There are scant data available on the comorbidities of patients with psoriasis in South America.AimTo examine the comorbidity profile of adult patients with psoriasis in Chile and its association with severity of psoriasis.MethodsThis was a multicentre, cross-sectional study involving 16 hospitals and clinics in Chile, which used a 48-item questionnaire to study clinician- and patient-reported outcomes and comorbidities. Inferential analyses were performed by psoriasis severity, using Fisher exact test, Student t-test and multivariable logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 598 adult patients with psoriasis were included (51.1% male; mean age 49.2 ± 15.1 years); 48.5% mild and 51.4% moderate to severe; Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 11.6 ± 11.5; body surface area 14.7 ± 18.2%. Plaque psoriasis was the most common phenotype (90.2%), followed by guttate (13.4%). Psoriatic arthritis occurred in 27.3% of patients. Comorbidities were reported in 60.2% of all patients with psoriasis. Frequent concomitant diseases were obesity (25.3%), hypertension (24.3%), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (18.7%), dyslipidaemia (17.4%), metabolic syndrome (16.7%) and depression (14.4%). After adjustment, significant associations were found between moderate to severe psoriasis and obesity, T2DM and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared with mild psoriasis.ConclusionsWe report a large study of comorbidities, including depression, dyslipidaemia, T2DM and NAFLD, in people with psoriasis in Chile. The prevalence of comorbidities with psoriasis in Chile appears similar to that found in Western countries, and emphasizes the importance of assessing patients with psoriasis for risk factors for and presence of, comorbid disease in a multidisciplinary setting.
Hesitant adopters: An examination of hesitancy among adults in Arkansas who have taken the COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: McElfish Pearl A. , Rowland Brett , Scott Aaron J. , Andersen Jennifer A. , CarlLee Sheena , McKinnon Joshua C. , Reece Sharon , Meredith‐Neve Sandra M. , Macechko Michael D. , Gurel‐Headley Morgan , Willis Don E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent research suggests people who report vaccine hesitancy may still get vaccinated; however, little is known about hesitancy among those who chose to vaccinate. The current study focused on individuals who received the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine despite their hesitancy, whom we refer to as “hesitant adopters.” With the understanding that vaccine attitudes and vaccine behaviors may or may not be correlated, we examined the prevalence of COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among those who have been vaccinated, how COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy varies across sociodemographic groups, and how COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy relates to other factors (prior health care access and influenza vaccination behavior over the past 5 years). Random digit dialing of telephone landlines and cell phones was used to contact potential survey respondents, rendering a sample of 1500 Arkansan adults. Approximately one‐third of those who received a COVID‐19 vaccine also reported some level of hesitancy. Among hesitant adopters, 5.3% said they were “very hesitant,” 8.8% said they were “somewhat hesitant,” and 17.1% said they were “a little hesitant.” Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx respondents reported more hesitancy than White respondents, and female respondents reported greater hesitancy compared to male respondents. Greater hesitancy was associated with non‐metro/rural residence, forgoing health care due to cost, and lower influenza vaccination rates over the past 5 years. Findings suggest those who are hesitant may get vaccinated despite their hesitancy, illustrating the complexity of vaccination behaviors. Prevalence of hesitancy among the vaccinated has implications for communication strategies in vaccine outreach programs and may help to reduce stigmatization of hesitant adopters.
Social relationships among captive female Himalayan tahr
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Manzoni Carola , Di Giovanni Massimiliano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe studied social relationships in a captive group of female Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus). Female tahr showed frequent aggression and a strictly linear age‐graded dominance hierarchy. Coalitions, in contrast, were rare. Female tahr formed differentiated social relationships, as they interacted with different individuals at widely different rates. A principal component analysis revealed that social relationships were best described along three independent dimensions that we labelled as Affiliation, Agonism and Ambivalence. Both Affiliation and Agonism were directed preferentially down the hierarchy. Affiliation was also directed preferentially to kin, while Agonism showed the reverse pattern. Ambivalence was unrelated to both dominance and kinship. Overall, these results show that an ungulate species can form differentiated social relationships that vary in relation to dominance rank and kinship.
The invasion and impacts of the African sharptooth catfish (Clariidae: Clarias gariepinus) in the Malay Peninsula
Authors: Low Bi Wei , Liew Jia Huan , Tan Heok Hui , Ahmad Amirrudin , Zeng Yiwen , Yeo Darren C. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is a globally invasive species with known severe impacts, including native species declines through ecological (e.g., competition, predation) and genetic interactions (e.g., hybridisation, introgression). The species was introduced to the Malay Peninsula in the late 1980s, and has since become widely established.

In this study, we used structural equation models (SEMs) (habitat analyses) and stable isotope analyses (dietary analyses) to elucidate the determinants of C. gariepinus invasion success in streams of the Malay Peninsula and investigate potential impacts on native counterparts.

Our SEMs indicate that C. gariepinus invasions were mediated by greater anthropogenic influences as well as environmental conditions associated with open streams (large channels, higher temperatures and lower canopy cover). Additionally, on the one hand, we find that invasions by C. gariepinus have led to substantial negative impacts on the native Asian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, with the latter being displaced, or in some areas extirpated, from its characteristic open‐stream habitats. On the other hand, C. gariepinus invasions did not appear to impact the native forest specialist, Clarias leiacanthus. Stable isotope analyses showed that all three Clarias species were opportunistic, generalist feeders. There was substantial overlap in the diets of C. gariepinus and C. batrachus. However, C. leiacanthus generally assimilated comparatively greater volumes of aquatic macroinvertebrate prey, therefore reducing dietary overlap with introduced C. gariepinus.

Our findings indicate that propagule pressure and exaptations probably have played a major role in facilitating C. gariepinus invasions in the Malay Peninsula. Furthermore, our results suggest that habitat competition may have acted synergistically with trophic competition to drive C. gariepinus impacts on native species, although this was mitigated by differentiation in ecological preferences.

Our results help shed light on the general characteristics of invasive species, the mechanisms facilitating their proliferation, and the potential outcomes of biological invasions. These highlight the urgent need to manage the introduction, spread and impacts of invasive C. gariepinus in the Malay Peninsula and elsewhere in its invaded range.
Nursing staff facilitate patient participation by championing the patient's perspective: An action research study in spinal cord injury rehabilitation
Authors: Steensgaard Randi , Kolbaek Raymond , Angel Sanne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPersons with spinal cord injury have experienced a life‐changing event, and they need to engage in the rehabilitation process to adjust to their current situation and future living conditions. Due to the highly contextual and varying psychological and physical ability to participate from patient to patient during rehabilitation, this is difficult for the injured person and for health professionals to support. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop and facilitate patient participation by engaging nursing staff and from this engagement in the process, disclose methods to support participation.MethodsThe processes conducted were based on an action research approach, from problem identification to the development, test and evaluation of four new nursing initiatives. The initiatives were developed by eight nursing staff members who participated actively as co‐researchers in a 2‐year study conducted at a Spinal Cord Injury Centre in Denmark from 2016 to 2018. Data evolved from workshops, transcriptions of meetings and written evaluations and was further analysed using Ricoeur's phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach.ResultsAction research processes facilitated the development of four communicative initiatives and a shift in the nursing staff's support of the patient. In a collaborative process, the nursing staff acted as participants in the patient's rehabilitation. Awareness of the patient's perspective facilitated a caring, attentive and engaged approach from the nursing staff, which promoted rehabilitation tailored to the individual.ConclusionPatient participation was enhanced when nursing staff actively participated in the development of initiatives and a culture supporting a person‐to‐person approach involving the patient and themselves as equal participants in the collaborative rehabilitation process.Patient or Public ContributionEight nursing staff members from the rehabilitation centre participated throughout the study as co‐researchers. Patients participated in observations and as informants in interviews during the first phase to identify challenges to patient participation. Patients also participated in testing the nursing initiatives during the action phase (Phase 3). Furthermore, a former patient was a member of the advisory board.