bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak Predictability of Rupture Growth Evidenced by P Waves: Implications for Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Wang Jiang , Ma Qiang , Tao Dongwang , Xie Quancai , Ren Xiuyan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The time-evolving growth behavior during the early phase of an earthquake rupture and when distinguishable features arise for events of different sizes are critical issues for real-time seismology. These issues are related to the key concept of rupture predictability, which directly determines the warning time and the potential of earthquake early warning systems. P waves carry the temporal information of rupture development, which provides us with an important clue to investigate and understand the source physical process in the early stage of the rupture. In this article, for 36 shallow, moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes (5.0≤Mw≤9.1) that occurred in Japan and China, we systematically assess and quantify the temporal evolution of the P-wave velocity amplitude (V-env) and the characteristic period (τc). The initial growth rate and the secondary evolution parameters are extracted to investigate the main features of the early rupture behavior. Our results show that the V-env exhibits distinguishable growth features after a similar steep rise affected by propagation attenuation for earthquakes of different sizes. Near the distinguishable points, the bell-shaped fluctuations are generally observed in the τc curves, and the fluctuation amplitude is positively correlated with the final magnitude. The distinct evolution of P waves radiated from earthquakes of different magnitudes occurs earlier than one-half of the rupture duration, which constitutes new evidence supporting the weak predictability of ruptures. Finally, we discuss the implications for the physical source mechanism and earthquake early warning.
High-Resolution Marine Seismic Imaging of the Seattle Fault Zone: Near-Surface Insights into Fault Zone Geometry, Quaternary Deformation, and Long-Term Evolution
Authors: Moore Ginevra L. , Roland Emily , Bennett Scott E. K. , Watt Janet , Kluesner Jared , Brothers Daniel , Myers Emma 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe Seattle fault zone (SFZ) is a north-directed thrust fault system that underlies the greater Seattle metropolitan area. Evidence of past land level changes, landslides, liquefaction, and a local tsunami indicate that this 70-km-long fault system can host up to M 7–7.5 earthquakes. Both the geometry and earthquake recurrence of the SFZ are debated and surveys of the shallow subsurface have not yet been incorporated into deeper crustal-scale structural interpretations, especially where the SFZ cuts across marine portions of the Puget Lowland. Here we use a new high-resolution marine seismic reflection dataset to image fault-related deformation in Quaternary sediments and Tertiary bedrock throughout Puget Sound and Lake Washington. We use this perspective of shallow geology as a link between existing crustal-scale geophysical insights into fault geometry at depth and paleoseismological observations of faulting at the surface and propose a refined structural model for the SFZ. We interpret that our new seismic reflection data in the Rich Passage area of Puget Sound images evidence of an inactive, south-dipping strand of the SFZ, which is overprinted by Quaternary folding and slip along north-dipping backthrusts within the hanging wall of a blind, south-dipping fault located 6 km farther north. To explain these results, we propose that the SFZ is a normal sequence fault propagation fold that has stepped northward through time, and we show the plausibility of this model through trishear forward modeling. Growth strata and faulting imaged in Quaternary sediments in Lake Washington and Rich Passage are consistent with the spatial distribution of folding and backthrusting that occurred during an M 7–7.5 earthquake in A.D. 900–930, corroborating existing evidence that the SFZ has been active throughout the Quaternary.
A 1D Spring-Slider Model with a Simple Poly-Linear Failure Law Produces Rich Variations in Slip Behavior
Authors: Bolotskaya Ekaterina , Hager Bradford H. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The failure law prescribed along the fault surface and the elastic stiffness of the surrounding medium play important roles in determining the characteristics of earthquakes. Here we use a 1D spring-slider model that includes inertia, along with a simple poly-linear failure law composed of multiple linear segments to provide insight into earthquake initiation and growth. The poly-linear failure law, which parameterizes shear resistance as a function of slip, allows analytical solutions describing the system for each failure law segment. Analytical solutions facilitate investigation of the effects of the slopes of the different failure law segments in relation to the slope of the elastic loading curve determined by the spring stiffness. Depending on the relation between the slope of the failure law segment and the elastic loading slope, there are three stability regimes in the system: harmonic oscillations, exponential growth, and cubic growth. By combining the different solution regimes within one earthquake cycle, we observe a wide range of behaviors of this simple system: interseismic oscillatory creep, precursory signals before the main event, a shorter or a much longer acceleration phase before the onset of instability, and varying durations of the preseismic and coseismic phases. These results provide a potential explanation for some seismic observations, including increased levels of “seismic noise” prior to an earthquake, precursory events, tremor and low-frequency earthquakes.
The Impact of Using a Play-Based Program to Develop Leadership Skills among Gifted Kindergarten Children in Kuwait
Authors: Ghaplan Muneera R. K. , Al-hindal Huda Soud , Al-hamdan Najat Suliman , Jamallail Mohammad J. 
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to verify the effectiveness of a play-based training program, and to measure its impact on the development of the leadership skills among gifted kindergarten children in Kuwait. The quasi-experimental approach was used. The research sample consisted of (30) children, who were divided into two groups: the first was the experimental group which included 15 children and on whom the training program was applied. The other group was the control group, which also included 15 children, and who were taught regular school curriculum. Thus, using a list of behavioral characteristics of children, gifted children were discovered. After assigning the degree of validity and reliability of the program on the Kuwaiti environment, it was applied over a period of (7) weeks, and the kindergarten child’s leadership skill scale, prepared by the researchers, was used to measure the impact of the program. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (experimental and control) in acquiring leadership skills attributed to the play-based program in favor of the experimental group. The results also showed statistically significant differences between the two measures (pre and post measures) of the experimental group in acquiring leadership skills, in favor of post measures in all dimensions of the scale (initiative, self-confidence, social communication). There were no statistically significant differences between male and female kindergarten gifted children in the experimental group in acquiring leadership skills. This indicates the positive impact of a play-based program to develop leadership skills among gifted children in kindergarten.
Keywords: training program, playing, leadership skills, gifted children, kindergarten.
Students’ Counseling Needs at Gifted Schools in Khartoum State
Authors: AL-Hidabi Dawood , Al Awdary Eshraq Abdulwaly Fare 
Published: August 2022

The study aimed at investigating the students’ counselling needs at gifted schools in Khartoum. The sample of the study consisted of 172 out of 258 students. 86 were male students and 86 were female students from three education districts namely Khartoum, Umdarman and Bahri. A questionnaire of 72 items was developed, standardized and distributed. Then, data was collected and analysed using SPSS package. The results showed that the counselling needs for the gifted sample vary. Health Counselling needs were high and the family counselling needs were second in ranking whereas the results of the rest dimensions namely school, social and professional counselling needs were low. The study concluded with a set of recommendations particularly in the area of health counselling needs as well as strengthening the cooperation between schools’ counsellors and parents.
Keywords: Counselling Needs, Gifted students.
Effectiveness of the Strategy of Thinking aloud in Developing the Ability to Solve Mathematical Problems among Gifted Students
Authors: Alshahrni Mohammed Masoud , Al-Kawafeha Nedhal Mofleh 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using the strategy of thinking aloud in teaching mathematics, and developing the ability of solving mathematical problems among gifted fifth grade students in Makkah. The sample consisted of (53) gifted students in the fifth grade in Makkah, who were divided into two groups: a control group consisting of 26 students and an experimental one consisting of 27 students. The members of the experimental group were taught the unit of "applications of addition and subtraction", using the strategy of thinking aloud, while the same unit was taught to the control group using the traditional method. An achievement test was developed, validated and administered before and after the treatment to measure the ability of solving mathematical problems among the participants. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups at the level of (a = 0.05) in the post-test in favor of the experimental group. The study concluded with a set of recommendations to curriculum planners and designers in order to reconsider the syllabus of mathematics and other subjects in various stages according to the strategy of thinking aloud.
Keywords: strategy of thinking aloud, solving mathematical problems, talented students.
Effectiveness of Imaginary Visual Spatial Approach to Teach Social and National Education Subject in Developing Deductive Thinking Skills of the Ninth Grade Students in Jordanian Schools
Authors: Al-Kassab Ali Abdelkareem Mohammad , Abu Jado Saleh Moh'd 
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to identify the effectiveness of the spatial visual approach to teach the social and national education subject in the development of deductive thinking skills among the ninth grade students in Jordanian schools. In order to achieve the objective of the study, an experimental random sample consisting of (33) female students and a controlled sample consisting of (31) male students were chosen in the first semester of the school year (2017/2018). A multiple choice test consisting of (25) items was administered to the study sample. The means, standard deviations and multivariate analysis test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the modified mean of the experimental group was in favor of the dimensions of the deductive thinking skills test; when calculating the( η2) square of the variance after the deductive reasoning of the of inductive and deductive thinking skills test between the two groups it was in favor of the teaching method used in the study. When calculating the modified mean of the experimental group on the deductive thinking skills test and in order to identify effect of the volume, ETA (η2) was calculated as the effect of the linguistic intelligence test, i.e. the difference in the inductive thinking skills test between the two groups was due to the teaching method by using the imaginary visual spatial introduction in favor of female students. The study recommended that it is necessary to focus on developing the inductive, deductive and inferential thinking skills in teaching social education issues.
Keywords: the imaginary visual spatial approach, developing deductive thinking skills, social and national education subject, ninth grade students.
Effectiveness Strategy in the Light of Brain-based Learning on Developing Lateral Thinking and the Attitude of its Applying of Middle School Talented Students
Authors: Yousof Yahya Abdulkhaleq 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a brain-based learning strategy in teaching Islamic education to develop lateral thinking skills among middle school talented students and the attitude of applying it. The study followed a single semi-experimental (pre-post) test. The sample consisted of one experimental group, having (34) talented students. The strategy was developed on the basis of brain-based learning; and a teacher guide was prepared for teachers of Hadith Course in the second year of middle school. The lateral thinking skill test of 30 items was developed, covering drafting, production and generation skills. Also, the attitude scale, which included (18) items, was prepared. The study results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the mean scores of pre and posttest of lateral thinking, and the attitude scale in favor of the post test. The study recommended the use of brain-based learning teaching strategies with gifted students, as well as the training of teachers to use such strategies.
Keywords: lateral thinking, brain-based learning, Islamic education, talented students.
The Degree of Practicing Creative Leadership by the Principals of Primary Schools in the North West Badia District in Mafraq
Authors: Fawzieh Mohammad Al-Elaimat  
Published: August 2022

This study aimed at identifying the degree of practicing creative leadership by the principals of primary schools in the North West Badia District in Mafraq governorate. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was developed consisting of (55) statements, covering four areas: (originality, flexibility, fluency and initiative), and was administered to a sample of (550) teachers. The results of the study showed that the total degree of practicing creative leadership by the principals of the primary schools in the North West Badia district in Mafraq governorate was significant, with a high degree of practice in two areas (initiative and flexibility), and with a medium degree of practice in two areas (originality and fluency). The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample towards the areas of the study tool combined and the tool as a whole according to the difference of gender variable in favor of females, as well as according to the different years of experience in each area (originality, flexibility, and fluency) in favor of all categories of years of experience.
Keywords: degree of practice, primary schools, creative leadership.
Effectiveness of the Physics Crocodile Software Program in Enhancing Exploration Skills among Grade (8) Students and their Attitudes toward the Program
Authors: Saeed bin Saif Al-Manwari  , Ali bin Hassan bin Mohammed Al-Majini  , Salem bin Al-bin bin Mubarak Al Harrasi  
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Physics Crocodile software Program to enhance the exploration skills among eighth grade pupils and their attitudes toward using the program. The researchers used both semi-experimental and descriptive methods to achieve the objectives of the study. An achievement test was built to measure the effectiveness of using the Physics Crocodile Software Program on the sample. Moreover, a questionnaire was also used to assess students' attitudes toward using the Physics Crocodile Software Program. These tools were administered to a sample of (40) students of grade eight, divided equally into 2 groups: the experimental group and the control group. The study results showed statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test. However, there was a positive attitude in using the program among the experimental group. The study recommended integrating educational software programs into traditional teaching methods, so as to use it in all school subjects.
Keywords: physics crocodile, exploration skills.
The Structural Model of Relationships between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in the Light of the Variables of Perceived Achievement and Self-Actualization among University Students
Authors: Fathey Okasha Mahmoud , Asmaa Abd El- Maksoud Ebrahim  
Published: August 2022

This research paper aimed to develop a constructive model that would explain the structure of relationships between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The research sample consisted of (346) students from the first and fourth years of the Faculty of Education - Damanhour University. They were between 18-22 years old. The emotional intelligence scale (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2002), General Self-Efficacy Scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) Psychological Well-Being Scale (Springer & Hauser, 2006), Perceived Achievement Scale and Self-Actualization Scale were all applied to the sample. The data was analyzed using path analysis found in the Liseral program (Liseral 8.8). The study results led to a causal constructive model that explains the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and psychological well-being in the light of perceived achievement and self-actualization. The results also showed a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy on perceived achievement and psychological wellbeing. There was also a statistically significant impact of self-efficacy and perceived achievement on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. It was also clear that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy had a statistically significant impact on self-actualization and psychological wellbeing. Self-efficacy had the highest impact, whereas perceived achievement and self-actualization had lesser impact; and emotional intelligence had the least impact.
Keywords: emotional Intelligence, self-efficacy, psychological wellbeing, perceived achievement, self-actualization.
Teachers' Role in Developing 21st Century Skills Among Secondary School Students in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: Ahmed Ali Alhawri Abdulghani , Ali Naji Alqudsi Abduiwasea 
Published: August 2022

This research study aimed to identify the twenty-first century skills needed by secondary school students in the Republic of Yemen as well as the teacher's role in developing these skills among students. The study used the descriptive method, and administered a questionnaire to a random sample of (367) students. The research came out with a list of the 21st century skills needed for high school students. The study findings revealed that there is a disparity in the teacher's role played in developing those skills. While teacher's role in developing the skill of cooperation and effective communication received the highest mean, developing the skill of critical thinking, and the skill of the digital age scored the lowest mean. In addition, the results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in students' responses attributed to the gender variable on the skill of critical thinking in favor of males, and on leadership skills and decision making skills in favor of females. In light of these results, it was recommended that colleges of education and teacher preparation institutes should pay more attention to preparing their teachers in a manner consistent with the skills of the 21st century, particularly critical thinking skills and digital skills. Schools should also be provided with technological facilities, and the curriculum should include 21st skills as well as teachers' roles in developing such skills.
Keywords: role, teacher, skills, 21st century.
The Role of Learning Corners in Developing Multiple Developmental Intelligences for Kindergarten Children from Their Mothers' Point of View
Authors: Hana H. Al-Fulfuly  , Hala B. Al-Foqara  
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to identifying the role of learning in developing multiple developmental intelligences for Kindergarten children from their mothers' point of view. The study sample consisted of (160) mothers who were distributed into two groups: the first group consisted of (80) mothers of children attending kindergartens with learning corners, and the second group consisted of (80) mothers of children attending traditional kindergartens. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive method was used and a questionnaire for assessing learning corners and multiple developmental intelligences scale (MIDAS) were used. The study results showed that multiple developmental intelligences among the children attending kindergartens with learning corners were high, while multiple developmental intelligences among the children attending traditional kindergartens were medium. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in the total score and in the sub-scores for each of the multiple developmental intelligences between the children attending kindergartens with learning corners and those attending traditional kindergartens in favor of the children attending kindergartens with learning corners. The study recommended that concerned authorities should include learning corners in the classroom as they develop multiple intelligences.
Keyword: multiple developmental intelligences, learning corners, kindergarten’s children
Degree of Practicing Administrative Creativity by Education District Managers as Perceived by Department Heads and Administrators in the Districts of Mafraq Governorate
Authors: Salwa Ayed Al-Salihi  
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to assess the perceptions of department heads and administrators regarding the degree to which Educational District Managers practice administrative creativity in the districts of Mafraq governorate. To achieve this objective, the study followed the descriptive survey method, and used a questionnaire to collect data from the study sample which was selected from a population of 240 male and female employees (40 heads and 200 employees in education districts of Mafraq governorate). The sample consisted of (150) participants (25 department heads and 125 male and female employees). The data was analyzed by the use of statistical methods, such as means, standard deviations, the analysis of multiple variance and the method of Scheffe. The study findings revealed that the participants' degree of perception was moderate, and that there were differences in their perceptions according to their different demographic variables. The study recommended preparing and designing training programs to develop the performance of educational leaders in education districts to implement the requirements of administrative innovation and creativity.