bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of free‐standing flexible g‐C3N4/MXene film as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Guanghu , Gong Duohu , Yang Liming , Zheng Yi , Yue Yunkai , Wu Biao , Feng Yuxuan , Li Tong , Zhang Weixin , Jiang Xinhui 
Published: May 2022

SummaryFlexible supercapacitors (SCs) have the advantages of high flexibility, high mechanical strength, easy assembly, and high power density, so SCs can be widely used in portable and wearable electronic devices. It is of great significance to research and develop high‐performance electrode materials in order to further improve the performance of SCs and expand their application fields. Here, we prepared a free‐standing flexible g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 hybrid film as electrode material for SCs by inserting two‐dimensional g‐C3N4 nanosheets between Ti3C2 layers‐based vacuum suction filtration methods. The addition of g‐C3N4 nanosheets effectively prevented the self‐stacking of MXene layers, significantly increasing the interlayer spacing of g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 hybrid film. The electrochemical results show that the mass specific capacity of 10 wt% g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 is as high as 552 F g−1 at the scanning rate of 2 mV s−1, which is 3.29 times higher than 168 F g−1 of Ti3C2, the capacity retention rate of 10 wt% g‐C3N4/Ti3C2 is 97% after 104 cycles at a current density of 3 A g−1.
Heat transfer augmentation of lithium‐ion battery packs by incorporating an interrupted fin arrangement
Authors: Chandra K Parthiv , Jishnu Ayyangatu Kuzhiyil , Garg Akhil , Panigrahi Bijaya Ketan , Singh Surinder 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe performance, lifetime, and safety of electric vehicles (EVs) are highly reliant on the battery's capacity and temperature. Battery thermal management system (BTMS) involves techniques to control the battery's thermal behavior by maintaining temperature and temperature uniformity within an optimal range. Air cooling BTMS is frequently used in EVs due to its design simplicity and cost‐effectiveness. Only limited works have utilized passive convective heat transfer enhancement strategies for air‐cooled BTMS, especially fin‐based structures for cylindrical lithium‐ion battery packs. Present work introduces a novel design by incorporating the interrupted fins into a conventionally air‐cooled BTMS. The proposed design offers superior heat transfer efficiency as well as ease of manufacturing when compared to the existent herringbone fin design used in prior air‐cooled BTMS literature. Results indicate that the average temperature of the cells and maximum temperature difference were reduced by 5.646 and 7.958 K, respectively, by incorporating an optimal uniform interrupted fin arrangement. The average temperature of the cells was reduced by 0.479 K when the interrupted fins were added to increase the area, compared to 0.088 K for an equivalent area enhancement in a conventional fin. The uniform interrupted fin improved the temperature uniformity by 5.05%, but the area enhanced conventional fin deteriorated it by 1.59%. The non‐uniform interrupted fin arrangement, resulted in an improvement of 4.47%, over uniform interrupted fins, in the battery pack's temperature uniformity.
Thermodynamic research on the effect of CaO on the transformation of arsenic and sulfur in coal in different pyrolysis atmospheres
Authors: Zheng Jiaying , Gu Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of CaO on the transformation of arsenic and sulfur in coal in different pyrolysis atmospheres by thermodynamic equilibrium calculation by HSC Chemistry. The effect of water vapor and reaction pressure on the release of arsenic and sulfur‐related compounds was studied. The detailed As and S distribution between 0°C and 1600°C was explored. The results show that in reducing atmosphere and partly oxidative CO2 environment, arsenic and sulfur containing compounds show very different trendy with increasing temperature. CaO addition helps arsenic compounds to form Ca(AsO2)2 and Ca3(AsO4)2, and helps sulfur containing compounds to form CaSO4 and CaSO3. The temperature has a significant effect on the distribution of Ca‐As complexes and Ca‐S complexes. Ca(AsO2)2 and Ca3(AsO4)2 are formed below 600°C in N2, while in the CO2 atmosphere only Ca(AsO2)2 is found below 600°C. CaSO4 and CaSO3 exist below 600°C in N2, while they are formed above 600°C in CO2. Water vapor enhances the formation of all the Ca‐As complexes and Ca‐S complexes greatly both in N2. Organic sulfur compounds are hardly detected anymore in the N2 atmosphere with H2O addition. In both of N2 and CO2 atmosphere, rising pressure enhances the formation of Ca‐S complexes. For Ca‐As complexes, elevated pressure is favorable for As in coal to form Ca(AsO2)2.
Biocontrol yeast T‐2 improves the postharvest disease resistance of grape by stimulation of the antioxidant system
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Wang Yuci , Ai Dan , Li Zhuoran , Wang Yuanhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTable grapes are susceptible to external pathogens during postharvest storage. The resulting continuous oxidative stress causes damage and aging, thereby reducing the defense against disease. In this study, the effect of biocontrol yeast T‐2 on the storage performance of grapes was evaluated. After T‐2 treatment, the grapefruits rot rate and lesion diameter caused by Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) were significantly decreased at 2–5 days after inoculation (DAI). Additionally, the browning rate and shedding rate of grapefruit during storage were significantly reduced at 2–5 DAI, and the weight loss rate was significantly reduced at 3–5 DAI. The decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in grapefruits at 1–5 DAI with T‐2 indicated a reduction in oxidative damage. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanin ammonia‐lyase (PAL) were significantly increased during most storage time after being treated with T‐2. Moreover, the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids and the expression levels of key enzyme genes in metabolic pathways were increased after T‐2 treatment during most postharvest storage time, providing evidence that T‐2 changed the biological process of phenolic flavonoid metabolism. The increase in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants after treatment with T‐2 reflected the strengthening of the antioxidant system, hence postponing fruit senescence and promoting storage performance under the stress of B. cinerea.
Emerging evidence for astrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: de Oliveira Figueiredo Eva Cristina , Calì Corrado , Petrelli Francesco , Bezzi Paola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSchizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise etiology is still poorly understood. Schizophrenia is not characterized by gross brain pathology, but involves subtle pathological changes in neuronal populations and glial cells. Among the latter, astrocytes critically contribute to the regulation of early neurodevelopmental processes, and any dysfunctions in their morphological and functional maturation may lead to aberrant neurodevelopmental processes involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, such as mitochondrial biogenesis, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic and dopaminergic transmission. Studies of the mechanisms regulating astrocyte maturation may therefore improve our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
CPEB1 regulates the inflammatory immune response, phagocytosis, and alternative polyadenylation in microglia
Authors: Ivshina Maria P. , van 't Spijker Heleen M. , Jung Suna , Ponny Sithara Raju , Schafer Dorothy P. , Richter Joel D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroglia are myeloid cells of the central nervous system that perform tasks essential for brain development, neural circuit homeostasis, and neural disease. Microglia react to inflammatory stimuli by upregulating inflammatory signaling through several different immune cell receptors such as the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), which signals to several downstream effectors including transforming growth factor beta‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Here, we show that TAK1 levels are regulated by CPEB1, a sequence‐specific RNA binding protein that controls translation as well as RNA splicing and alternative poly(A) site selection in microglia. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binds the TLR4 receptor, which in CPEB1‐deficient mice leads to elevated expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a microglial protein that increases with inflammation, and increased levels of the cytokine IL6. This LPS‐induced IL6 response is blocked by inhibitors of JNK, p38, ERK, NFκB, and TAK1. In contrast, phagocytosis, which is elevated in CPEB1‐deficient microglia, is unaffected by LPS treatment or ERK inhibition, but is blocked by TAK1 inhibition. These data indicate that CPEB1 regulates microglial inflammatory responses and phagocytosis. RNA‐seq indicates that these changes in inflammation and phagocytosis are accompanied by changes in RNA levels, splicing, and alternative poly(A) site selection. Thus, CPEB1 regulation of RNA expression plays a role in microglial function.
Analysis of drainage efficiency under extreme precipitation events based on numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Huiliang , Wang Haoyu , Li Hao , Faisal Muhammad , Zhang Yisheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent increase in extreme climatic phenomena has gradually attracted the attention of researchers regarding urban flooding. This paper used a hydrological model combined with the Computational Fluid Dynamics software to assess the drainage efficiency, predict the hydrological processes under different precipitation intensities and establish the relationship between rainfall intensity and inundation depth under extreme rainstorm events. The study proposed several thresholds such as specific rainfall intensities (that is, RI95% and RI50%), drainage efficiency, and the limited flow rate of pipes. Based on 2021 July 20, 0:00 to 24:00 precipitation monitoring data from the “7.20 Zhengzhou Rainstorm Extreme Event,” the relationship between rainfall intensity and road‐pipe overflow patterns was determined by analysing these thresholds for different drainpipe diameters and spacings of catchment wells. The results demonstrated the evaluation parameters varied with rainfall intensities and pipe characteristics and revealed the main limitation of drainage efficiency and flow rate of drainpipes. The simulation helped the drainage systems design for different precipitations and proposed several relative suggestions for drainage‐system improvements, wherein the diameter of the branch pipes plays a dominant role in coping with extreme rainstorm events.
A case of traumatic urethral stricture complicated by periurethral abscess while awaiting delayed urethroplasty
Authors: Shinchi Masayuki , Horiguchi Akio , Takahashi Eiji , Kimura Fumihiro 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionWe report a case of bulbar urethral injury complicated by periurethral abscess due to inappropriate suprapubic catheter management.Case presentationA 58‐year‐old man with bulbar urethral injury due to perineal trauma was referred to our hospital, and a suprapubic catheter was inserted for initial management. Although he was instructed to connect the catheter to the urine collection bag, he connected a plug to the catheter. As a result, he developed periurethral abscesses due to extravasated urine from the injured urethra, requiring percutaneous drainage and prolonging the time to definitive urethroplasty for the urethral stricture.ConclusionIt is essential that the suprapubic catheter be connected to a urine collection bag rather than a plug to keep the bladder as empty as possible and to minimize extravasation of the urine from the injured urethra.
Community perspectives on developmental screening of American Indian and Alaska Native children
Authors: Whitesell Nancy Rumbaugh , Howley Caitlin Trucksess , Asdigian Nancy L. , Clifford Carrie , Senehi Neda , Sarche Michelle ,   The Tribal Early Childhood Research Center PEDS Community of Learning
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren are highly regarded and treasured as the future of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities. Developmental disorders, however, are more frequently undiagnosed and untreated in AIAN children compared to others in the United States. Developmental screening can help communities ensure that their children reach their full potential, but lack of culturally sensitive and valid screening measures complicates screening among AIAN children. This can, in turn, delay access to early intervention and undermine the ability of AIAN communities to support children's optimal development. This study explored families’ and professionals’ perceptions of screening systems and processes in AIAN communities and to identify gaps and opportunities. A total of 53 interviews and 23 focus groups were conducted with 157 parents and early childcare professionals in four AIAN communities. A conceptual framework to describe systems of screening for young children was developed by AIAN early childhood program partners and early childhood researchers working together on a Tribal Early Childhood Research Center Community of Learning; this framework guided study design and interview guides. Transcripts were coded for themes in alignment with the conceptual framework; 13 key themes and 81 subthemes were identified. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for enhancing screening efforts in Tribal communities.
Composition‐selective full inclusion host–guest interaction of azobenzene‐containing photoresponsive nanoring with fullerene C60
Authors: Yuan Kun , Li Mengyang , Zhao Yaoxiao , Liu Yanzhi , Zhao Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBy means of density functional theory calculations, the encapsulation capabilities of a series of azobenzen‐containing photoresponsive nanoring hosts (labeled as host 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 according to the number of the azo unit, respectively) for fullerene C60 were surveyed. Interestingly and abnormally, it is found that the host 5, of which the diameter is only 1.218 nm, can form stable full inclusion complex with C60. However, irrespective of their cavity sizes (11.98 ~ 12.94 Å) of the hosts, the structures 1 ~ 4 and 6 were all disable to form inclusion complex with C60. In this paper, the group‐number‐composition‐selective full inclusion host‐guest interaction of the azobenzene‐containing nanorings with fullerene C60 is firstly presented. The calculated interaction energies, together with the detection and visualization of the weak interaction regions, provided evidences for the host‐guest binding based on relative strong repulsion interaction in the full inclusion complex. Analysis on the frontier orbital feature of the host‐guest systems suggests that under the electron excited condition, the chemical activity may be transferred from host 5 to guest C60 by formation of the floating host‐guest complex, and the chemical reactivity of the host 5 can be passivated via formation of the full inclusion host‐guest complex. Additionally, UV–vis–NIR and 1H NMR spectra of the hosts before and after the formations of the complexes have been simulated and discussed qualitatively, which may be helpful for further experimental investigations in future.
Early detection of ischemic brain injuries by diffusion‐weighted imaging after radiofrequency ablation for fetal reduction in monochorionic pregnancies
Authors: Moradi Behnaz , Badraqe Narges , Rahimi_sharbaf Fatemeh , Firouznia Kavous , Shirazi Mahboobeh , Kazemi Mohammad Ali , Rahimi Rahil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the additional advantages of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) over fetal ultrasound in the detection of acute ischemic cerebral injuries in complicated monochorionic (MC) pregnancies that underwent selective reduction by radiofrequency ablation (RFA).MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on 40 women with complicated MC pregnancies who were treated by RFA. Fetal brain imaging by DWI and conventional MRI was performed either in the early (within 10 days after RFA) or late phase (after 3–6 weeks) in the surviving fetuses to detect both acute and chronic ischemic injuries. The presence of anemia after RFA was also evaluated by Doppler ultrasound.ResultsOverall, 13 of the total 43 fetuses (30.23%) demonstrated MRI abnormalities with normal brain ultrasound results including germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), extensive cerebral ischemia, and mild ventriculomegaly. Although seven fetuses with GMH eventually survived, fetuses that demonstrated ischemic lesions and ventriculomegaly on MRI died in the uterus.ConclusionThe absence of abnormal cerebral lesions or anemia on ultrasound and Doppler exams does not necessarily rule out fetal brain ischemia. Performing early MRI, particularly DWI seems to be a reasonable option for detection of early intracranial ischemic changes and better management of complicated multiple pregnancies which were treated by RFA.
Diagnosis and treatment planning using the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases among three dental schools
Authors: Gandhi Kaveri K. , Katwal Diksha , Chang Jennifer , Blanchard Steven , Shin Daniel , Maupome Gerardo , Eckert George J. , John Vanchit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology developed a new classification system for periodontal diseases in 2017. The next step in its widespread implementation involves training dental students to improve consistency in clinical decisions. This study conducted in 2020–2021 aimed to evaluate knowledge in periodontal diagnosis and treatment planning using the new classification, among first, second, third‐ and fourth‐year dental students at Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston (UTSD), and University of Louisville School of Dentistry (ULSD).MethodsA minimum of 20 dental students per class year from each of the three schools participated. Ten HIPPA de‐identified case records and a questionnaire with a fixed list of answer options, comprising two demographic questions and two questions on diagnosis and treatment planning of each case, were presented to the participants. A group of three board‐certified periodontists established the answers for all cases which were used to score the appropriateness of diagnosis and treatment planning among the participants.ResultsA total of 263 students participated. Overall, 22.6% of IUSD responses, 25.2% of UTSD, and 27.6% of ULSD responses were correct for diagnosis (no statistically significant differences). For the treatment plan, 64.9% of IUSD responses, 66.2% of UTSD, and 68.9% of ULSD responses were correct (no statistically significant differences).ConclusionBased on the findings from our study, we suggest that additional training be considered to improve the understanding of the 2017 classification of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases among dental students.
Genomic surveillance of the Lambda SARS‐CoV‐2 variant in a global phylogenetic context
Authors: Mestanza Orson , Lizarraga Wendy , Padilla‐Rojas Carlos , Jimenez‐Vasquez Víctor , Hurtado Verónica , Molina Iris S. , Barcena Luis , Acedo Steve , Nuñez Alicia , Gordillo Sara , Sevilla Nieves , Medrano Princesa , Bailon Henri , Cáceres Omar , Galarza Marco , Rojas‐Serrano Nancy , Vargas‐Herrera Natalia , Lope‐Pari Priscila , Huayra Joseph , Araujo‐Castillo Roger V. , Solari Lely 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe massive sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and global genomic surveillance strategies allowed the detection of many variants of concern and interest. The variant of interest Lambda (C.37), which originated in South America, has been the most prevalent in Peru and Chile, but its dispersion in other continents still remains unknown. The current study aims to determine the phylogenetic relationship among C.37 isolates worldwide, focusing on spike mutations to understand the spread of Lambda in pandemics. A total of 7441 sequences identified as C.37 were downloaded from the GISAID database; local analysis was carried out to identify spike mutations and phylogenetic analysis was carried out to determine the rate of spread of the virus. Our results showed some spike mutations of Lambda that allowed us to detect small local outbreaks in different countries that occurred in the past and identify several clades that have not yet been designated. Although the lineage C.37 is not epidemiologically relevant in Europe or North America, the endemic behavior of this variant in Peru had a major impact on the second SARS‐CoV‐2 wave.
Molecular characterization and risk factors of oral high‐risk human papillomavirus among females in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Minhas Sadia , Kashif Muhammad , Rehman Zobaria , Idrees Muhammad , Ansari Farheen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of oral and oropharyngeal cancers is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, debate exists about the prevalence of high‐risk oral HPV (HR‐HPV) and its associated risk factors. This study evaluated the distribution of genotypes and associated risk factors of oral HR‐HPV infection in the normal oral mucosa of the Pakistani female population with general gynecological problems.MethodsA total of 200 females from a regional gynecological hospital in Pakistan were included in this cross‐sectional study. A self‐administered questionnaire was carried out, followed by the study participants' oral and dental examinations. Whole saliva was collected by a drooling method. The viral DNA extraction and oral HR‐HPV genotyping were detected via real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsAmong the 200 females (mean age, 37.76 years), 22 females (11%) were positive for oral HR‐HPV DNA. Single oral HR‐HPV infection was seen in 8%, whereas co‐infection was observed in 3% with HPV16 and HPV18 most common genotypes. Comparison of the risk factors like oral sex history odds ratio (OR 8.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85–28.16; p < 0.005), and open‐mouth kissing (OR, 5.17; 95% CI 1.48–27.41; p = 0.005) with oral HR‐HPV infection was found to be significantly associated.ConclusionIn Pakistan, oral HR‐HPV‐positive infection is not uncommon; HPV16 and HPV18 are the most frequent genotypes. Furthermore, this study also provides data that oral HR‐HPV positive infection was significantly associated with sexual behaviors. Therefore, preventive health efforts, like health education and vaccination, should be practiced.