bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel hospitalist advanced practice provider assessment instrument: A pilot study
Authors: Singh Amteshwar , Klimpl David , Kisuule Flora , Cardin Tracy , Tackett Sean , Gupta Ishaan , Blum Kimberly , Wimmer Kinsey , Wright Scott , Colbert‐Getz Jorie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdvanced practice providers (APPs) graduate from school with variable hospitalist experience. While hospitalist‐specific onboarding is recommended for hospitalist APPs, no standard method currently exists to assess their readiness for practice. We created a 17‐item instrument called the Cardin Hospitalist Advanced Practice Provider‐Readiness Assessment (CHAPP‐RA) to assess APPs'; readiness for practice using a milestones‐based scale. We piloted CHAPP‐RA at a single site where 11 APPs with varied experience were rated by 30 supervising physicians. Supervisors also provided global ratings for overall performance. We investigated the feasibility of CHAPP‐RA and collected validity evidence for the interpretation of scores. The mean time to complete one CHAPP‐RA was 10.5 min. Supervisors rated novice APPs lower than more experienced APPs, p ≤ .001. CHAPP‐RA ratings also correlated strongly with global ratings. CHAPP‐RA is feasible to implement and has initial validity evidence.
Interpreting the nonstationary relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the winter precipitation over southeast China
Authors: Tang Wenqian , Geng Xin , Zhao Yan , Gao Yurong , Huang Yiwan , Ning Shuchang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe amount of winter precipitation over southeast China (SCWP) is significantly affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with generally an enhanced SCWP response to El Niño events. In this paper, we find that this relationship shows remarkable nonstationarities on the multidecadal timescale. Running ENSO–SCWP correlation maintains statistically significant before the mid‐1960s and after the mid‐1990s but not during the interim period, which exhibits an approximate synchronized temporal evolution with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). A statistical method for interpreting nonstationary relationships is then applied to quantitatively verify and measure this possible AMO modulation. It is demonstrated that the nonstationary ENSO–SCWP correlation can be expressed to a large extent by the influence of the AMO–ENSO nonlinear effect (AMO*Niño3.4) on the SCWP. This influence intensifies the ENSO–SCWP relationship during the positive AMO phase but weakens it during the negative AMO phase. Therefore, the nonstationarity in the ENSO–SCWP relationship comes predominantly from an AMO modulation via this key nonlinear effect. We further suggest that a positive AMO favours a westward shift of ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly pattern in the tropical Pacific. Correspondingly, the anomalous western North Pacific (WNP) anticyclone also migrates westward, which gives rise to pronounced moisture transports and vertical motions over the adjacent southeast China, thereby resulting in a significant ENSO–SCWP relationship. In contrast, during the negative AMO phase, the eastward‐shifted ENSO SST and WNP anticyclonic anomalies produce significant atmospheric anomalies primarily to the east of the Chinese mainland, thus having less effect on the SCWP.
CESM simulation of monsoon low pressure systems over India
Authors: Thomas Tresa Mary , Bala Govindasamy , Vemavarapu Srinivas Venkata 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonsoon low pressure systems (LPS) during the summer monsoon season (June–September) over India are a lifeline for the agriculture‐dependent country. We use the Community Earth System Model (CESM1.2.2) to simulate the LPS characteristics (genesis, propagation direction, tracks, intensity, and precipitation) over India and the Bay of Bengal and analyse the influence of Southeast Asian mountains (SAMs) on these characteristics. CESM reproduced most of the LPS characteristics. However, a southward latitudinal shift of about 4° is simulated in the median of the tracks, which is likely due to the weaker simulated upper tropospheric meridional temperature gradient (MTG) in the Indian region. Removal of SAMs is found to have little influence on LPS characteristics. Further, it causes only a slight reduction in mean summer monsoon precipitation (by 5%) and LPS‐related precipitation (from 10.7 ± 1.0 to 10.3 ± 0.8 mm/day) over India, as SAMs have negligible influence on in situ westward propagating LPS which are the major contributors to LPS‐related precipitation. The insensitivity of LPS characteristics and precipitation over India to the removal of SAMs can be attributed to their low height and the insensitivity of MTG to the height of these mountains.
Extreme precipitation events in the Austral Chaco region of Argentina
Authors: Lovino Miguel A. , Müller Gabriela V. , Pierrestegui María Josefina , Espinosa Edna , Rodríguez Leticia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study assesses the intensity, spatial distribution and temporal variability of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) on different time scales relevant to agriculture and water resources during the 1901–2016 period over Argentina's Austral Chaco (ACh). EPEs were identified using a nonparametric approach for the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The leading modes of SPI's variability were detected using the Singular Spectrum Analysis. We also compile and control the quality of precipitation observations in a scarcely monitored region. The limited number of stations conditions the interpolation of the GPCC v2018 database here used, mainly during the early twentieth century. The EPEs characterized by SPI at a 24‐month time scale, which favour long‐lasting water excesses or deficits with hydrological impacts, underwent two differentiated long‐term periods: a dry one before 1960 and a wet one from 1960 to 2005. Consistently, seasonal wet EPEs were more frequent during the wet period while seasonal droughts were more frequent and with larger spatial extent during the dry period. Seasonal EPEs, represented by the SPI at 3‐month time scale, can impact agriculture during the crops' critical growth period. Since 2006, the long‐term wetting trend has been reversed. If this behaviour continues into the coming decades, more droughts and less wetness might be expected. The EPEs present a large interannual variability with 6.3‐ and 9‐year significant cycles that, combined with long‐term trends, favoured extremely wet/dry EPEs. Most of the wet/dry EPEs occurred during El Niño/La Niña events. Although this relationship is not straightforward, we found a discriminant ENSO signal between October of the year when an ENSO event starts and February of the next year. Finally, severely dry/wet EPEs tend to have large spatial extent in the ACh region. The central‐eastern ACh region experiences the most extreme wet and dry conditions, which makes this area more prone to extreme EPEs.
Evaluation of Laryngeal Motor Neuropathy Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation‐Mediated Evoked Potentials
Authors: Sadoughi Babak , Andreadis Katerina 
Published: February 2022

Objectives/HypothesisContemporary evaluation of vocal fold motion impairment largely relies on clinical laryngoscopy, with the diagnoses of vocal fold paresis (VFPa) and paralysis (VFP) being based on identification of partial and complete restriction of gross vocal fold motion, respectively. No consensus exists on the diagnostic criteria of VFPa. Laryngeal electromyography does not offer any insight into nerve conduction velocity without the adjunction of nerve conduction studies, which are impractical to perform on laryngeal nerves due to their anatomic location. The present study aims to assess the feasibility of laryngeal nerve conduction studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐mediated myogenic evoked potentials in the evaluation of laryngeal motor nerve function.Study DesignProspective controlled cohort study.MethodsEnrollment of three groups of subjects defined as healthy volunteers, subjects with clinically diagnosed unilateral VFP, and subjects with clinically diagnosed unilateral VFPa of peripheral etiology. Electrodiagnostic studies consisting of bilateral stimulation of the laryngeal motor cortex, proximal cisternal, and peripheral portions of the vagus nerves were performed using figure‐of‐eight magnetic stimulation coils, and myogenic evoked potentials recorded from bilateral thyroarytenoid, cricothyroid, and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles using indwelling hook wire electrodes. Conduction latencies were plotted against demographic and anthropometric variables. Values obtained in healthy volunteers were used as normative references and compared to aggregated latencies of VFP and VFPa groups.ResultsEnrolled subjects included 19 healthy volunteers, 5 subjects with VFP, and 4 subjects with VFPa. Normative laryngeal nerve conduction latency ranges measured in healthy subjects were comparable to prior published values, and recorded latencies increased in positive correlation with age. VFPa subjects exhibited increased latencies in affected nerve sites, while VFP subjects presented more variability in electrophysiologic manifestations, mostly dependent on their degree of compensatory reinnervation. Aberrant and synkinetic reinnervation patterns were more predominant in the VFP group than the VFPa group.ConclusionsLaryngeal nerve conduction studies using TMS‐mediated myogenic evoked potentials are safely feasible. They may serve as a useful complement to laryngeal electromyography in the evaluation of motor laryngeal neuropathy and represent a promising diagnostic modality in the evaluation of VFPa. Based on the present study's findings, the commonly accepted notion of VFPa as a manifestation of a less severe form of neuropathy than VFP may be unsubstantiated. Aging may contribute to progressive motor nerve dysfunction. Future investigations are needed to ascertain the role of nerve conduction studies in clinical laryngology practice.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S12, 2022
Topological Photonic Crystals: Physics, Designs, and Applications
Authors: Tang Guo‐Jing , He Xin‐Tao , Shi Fu‐Long , Liu Jian‐Wei , Chen Xiao‐Dong , Dong Jian‐Wen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent research in topological photonics has not only proposed and realized novel topological phenomena such as one‐way broadband propagation and robust transport of light, but also designed and fabricated photonic devices with high‐performance indexes, which are immune to fabrication errors such as defects or disorders. Photonic crystals, which are periodic optical structures with the advantages of good light field confinement and multiple adjusting degrees of freedom, provide a powerful platform to control the flow of light. With the topology defined in the reciprocal space, photonic crystals have been widely used to reveal different topological phases of light and demonstrate topological photonic functionalities. This review presents the physics of topological photonic crystals with different dimensions, models, and topological phases. The design methods of topological photonic crystals are introduced. Furthermore, the applications of topological photonic crystals in passive and active photonics are reviewed. These studies pave the way for applying topological photonic crystals in practical photonic devices.
The SHOnet learning health system: Infrastructure for continuous learning in pediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Koscielniak Nikolas , Jenkins Diane , Hassani Sahar , Buckon Cathleen , Tucker Joshua S. , Sienko Susan , Tucker Carole A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo describe the development and implementation of learning health system (LHS) infrastructure for a pediatric specialty care health system to support LHS research in pediatric rehabilitation settings.MethodsAn existing pediatric common data model (eg, PEDSnet) of standardized medical terminologies for research was expanded and leveraged for this stud, and applied to SHOnet, a clinical research data resource consisting of deidentified data extracted from the electronic health record (EHR) from the Shriners Hospitals for Children speacialty pediatric health care system. We mapped EHR data for laboratory, procedures, drugs, and conditions to standardized vocabularies including ICD‐10, CPT, RxNorm, and LOINC to the common data model using an established extraction‐transformation‐loading process. Rigorous quality checks were conducted to ensure a high degree of data conformance, completeness, and plausibility. SHOnet data elements from all sources are de‐identified and the server is managed by the SHC Information Systems Department. SHOnet data are refreshed monthly and data elements are continually expanded based on new research endeavors.InterventionsNot applicable.ResultsThe Shriners Health Outcomes Network (SHOnet) includes data for over 10 000 distinct observational data elements based on over two million patient encounters between 2011 and present.ConclusionThe systematic process to develop SHOnet is replicable and flexible for other pediatric rehabilitation research settings interested in building out their LHS capabilities. Challenges and facilitators may arise for building such LHS infrastructure for rehabilitation in areas of (a) data capture, curation, query, and governance, (b) generating knowledge from data, and (c) dissemination and implementation of new institutional knowledge. Further research studies are needed to evaluate these data resources for scalable system‐learning endeavors.SHOnet is an exemplar of an LHS for rehabilitation and specialty care settings. The success of an LHS is dependent on engagement of multiple stakeholders, shared governance, effective knowledge translation, and deep commitment to long‐term strategies for engaging clinicians, administration, and families in leveraging knowledge to improve clinical outcomes.
Aperture coupled CPW feed for high gain and broadband circularly polarized slot loaded square patch metasurface antenna
Authors: Guthi Srinivas , Damera Vakula 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA single layer planar antenna is designed for high gain and broadband circular polarization. The metasurface antenna consists of 3 × 3 arrays of 45° rotated slot‐loaded square patches on one side of the substrate. The stub loaded CPW fed aperture is designed on another side of the substrate to excite the metasurface antenna. Moreover, the size of square patches in the middle row is increased to achieve broadband bandwidth in −10 dB reflection coefficient and 3 dB axial ratio. Furthermore, the size of slots in the middle patches is increased to further enhance the bandwidth of −10 dB reflection coefficient and 3 dB axial ratio. The designed antenna has attained an impedance bandwidth of 30% (4.56–6.21 GHz) with an axial ratio bandwidth of 8.6%(5.23–5.7 GHz). Moreover, the peak value of antenna gain is 10.21 dBi which is incredibly very large in single layer planar antennas. The measured and simulated results are almost close to each other.
Patient beliefs about who and what influences their hip and knee osteoarthritis symptoms and progression
Authors: Kennedy Bryanne L. , Currie Gillian R. , Kania‐Richmond Ania , Emery Carolyn A. , MacKean Gail , Marshall Deborah A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis management aims to reduce pain and improve function. Many factors affect whether patients follow recommended strategies. Locus of control refers to individual beliefs around who and what influences health. Locus of control is related to the treatment strategies patients prefer. Currently, no studies explore locus of control in non‐surgical management of osteoarthritis.ObjectivesTo explore patients' beliefs about the influences on their osteoarthritis symptoms and disease progression.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with individuals experiencing self‐reported hip and/or knee osteoarthritis who had at least one joint that had not undergone replacement surgery. We used a qualitative description approach and the Braun and Clarke method for thematic analysis. Participants’ locus of control classifications—internal, chance, doctors, or other people—were based on the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales Form C score.ResultsLocus of control was discussed in relation to aetiology, progression, and symptoms. Participants’ opinions varied on whether their osteoarthritis progression could be influenced. 46% of participants attributed control to other people. Most participants believed that a previous injury had caused their osteoarthritis and that both themselves and others had some influence over their osteoarthritis symptoms, regardless of their locus of control classification.ConclusionThis research highlights the need for education about: the aetiology of osteoarthritis, the link between management and progression, and patient management of osteoarthritis. Further research is required to discern why expected patterns were not observed between participants’ beliefs and locus of control classifications.
Synthesis of research on ENFit gastrostomy tubes with potential implications for US patients using these devices
Authors: Guha Suvajyoti , Herman Alexander , Antonino Mark , Silverstein Joshua S. , Venkataraman‐Rao Priya , Myers Matthew R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMisconnections between enteral devices and other medical devices have been associated with patient death and serious injuries. To minimize such misconnections, the design of connectors on enteral devices has been standardized. The most common adaptation of the standardized enteral connector is called ENFit. Gastrostomy tubes (G‐tubes), which may or may not possess the ENFit connector, are increasingly used to deliver commercial and blenderized diets in home settings to enteral device users. To investigate and compare the performance of G‐tubes with and without ENFit connectors, research investigations have recently been performed. However, synthesis of such investigations and quantitative discussion of the consequences of transitioning to ENFit‐based G‐tube devices has not yet occurred. Here we review the research findings from these studies, with data on patient practices from a Mayo Clinic survey, to estimate the impact on tube feeders in home settings of transitioning to ENFit‐based G‐tube devices. Extrapolating the findings from these studies to US enteral G‐tube patients, 1.5%–8.6% of adult patients and 0.2%–1.9% of pediatric patients may experience perceptible slowing in their gravity feeds if using ENFit‐based G‐tube devices. About 2.5%–8.6% of adult patients and 0.5%–5.5% of pediatric patients (or their caregivers) may need to push with perceptibly more force for syringe push‐based feeding using ENFit‐based G‐tube devices. Lastly, the article offers suggestions for patients and device manufacturers. [Correction added on 2 May 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the percentage of adult patients was revised from 2.5%‐8.6% to 1.5%‐8.6%.]
Economic nonlinear model predictive control of fatigue—Formulation and application to wind turbine control
Authors: Loew Stefan , Obradovic Dragan , Bottasso Carlo L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, the estimation of fatigue is implemented in the cost function of a gradient‐based model predictive controller (MPC). This is a challenging problem, because calculating fatigue leads to a non‐standard and discontinuous cost function. Based on a brief previous publication, in the present work the method is derived, explained, and assessed in detail. The key enablers of the proposed method are a sequential implementation of MPC, the periodic substitution of discontinuous aspects of the cost function by linear functions, and the assumption of a sufficiently infrequent switching of this substitution. Fatigue cost gradients are obtained efficiently by automatic differentiation. The method is implemented in an economic nonlinear model predictive controller (ENMPC), which optimally balances revenue and fatigue cost. This novel formulation is applicable to a very wide range of domains, and it is demonstrated here on the control of a wind turbine. The proposed ENMPC is fully parameterized by physical and monetary variables, and outperforms a conventional ENMPC based on the literature. The method is assessed by considering various metrics, including frequency spectra, damage estimation, switching, and gradient dynamics, which together provide useful insight into its main characteristics and an initial assessment of its performance.
Significant improvement of thermal and tribological performance with polyimide as the matrix of paper‐based friction materials
Authors: Tian Haochen , Fei Jie , Li Chang , Qi Lehua , Cai Xiaohang , Li Bo , Fu Yewei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPaper‐based friction materials with phenolic resin as the matrix are prone to thermal damage under harsh working conditions easily leading to materials failure. To satisfy the requirements of high speed and heavy load service situations, paper‐based friction materials with different polyimide resin content were prepared by wet forming technology to reveal the effect of polyimide resin on the properties of composites. And a paper‐based composite with phenolic resin was used for comparison. Results show that compared with the phenolic composite, tensile strength, and shear strength of the polyimide composite were increased by 50.5% and 36.4%, respectively. Due to the strong hydrogen bond in the imide ring of polyimide, the temperature of the polyimide composite at 2% weight loss was 292.7°C, which was 106.3°C higher than that of the phenolic composite. Moreover, the wear rate was reduced by 30.3% because the friction transfer film was produced during friction. To sum up, polyimide resin has the potential to replace phenolic resin under the condition of high speed and heavy load. Besides, the composite with polyimide resin content of 40.0 wt% demonstrated the best wear resistance and considerable strength attributed to the best interface combination. This research lays a theoretical foundation for the application of polyimide resin to paper‐based friction materials.
Mechanical, fracture toughness, and fatigue behavior of spinifex littoreus fiber on echinoidea‐spike toughened epoxy composite
Authors: Senthil Kumar S. , Anil Kumar T. CH , Chokkalingam Mohan , Kaliappan S. , Boopathi S. , Srinivas Chidurala , Patil Pravin P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNovel spinifex littores fiber‐reinforced echinoidea spike particle dispersed epoxy resin hybrid composite has been prepared and characterized. The main objective of this research work was to prepare a new system of epoxy hybrid composite comprises of surface‐treated novel spinifex littores fiber (SLF) and echinoidea spike powder (ESP) for sustainable material development. The fiber was treated with alkali and silane for effective adhesion with matrix. The composites were prepared using hand layup method and post cured at 120°C. The mechanical properties were improved with increasing particle content. The wear result shows a lowest coefficient of friction and sp. wear rate of 0.43 and 0.004 mm3/Nm for SP5 composite designation. Fracture toughness of 32.1 ± 0.69 MPa √m and energy release rate of 1.257 ± 0.071 mJ/m2 was observed for composite designation SP4. A highest fatigue life count of 26,832 was observed for composite contains 1 vol% of silane‐treated ESP and 8 h alkali cum silane‐treated SPF. The fractographs reveals toughness improved matrix phase via shear cup formation. These marine based eco‐friendly reinforcement based epoxy composites could be used in various applications in the cadre of automobile, mini‐aircrafts, structural, sports, and domestic.