bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silvopasture systems for restoration of degraded lands in a semiarid region of India
Authors: Kumar Ram Vinod , Roy Ajoy Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Gautam Kamini , Singh Amit Kumar , Ghosh Avijit , Singh Harsh Vardhan , Koli Pushpendra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSilvopasture systems (SPSs) provide an opportunities for efficient use of lands, apportioning risk under adverse climate and giving higher returns than other systems. SPSs improve biomass production; however, yield sustainability, nutrient cycling capability and carbon capture capacity of SPSs have remained unexplored in semiarid India. For these, 10‐year old SPS of Ficus infectoria, Morus alba, Acacia nilotica, and Madhuca latifolia comprising of three perennial grasses namely, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon fulvus, Panicum maximum, and two perennial legumes namely, Clitoria ternatea and Stylosanthes seabrana in each system were evaluated. Among grasses, Panicum maximum had significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean yield than Chrysopogon fulvus and Cenchrus ciliaris (44% and 153%, respectively). Significantly, Stylosanthes seabrana had 2‐times higher mean productivity than Clitoria ternatea. Among the trees, fodder availability from F. infectoria was ~8.65‐ and 1.07‐times greater than M. latifolia and M. alba, respectively and similar to A. nilotica. Total tree carbon stock of A. nilotica was ~1.52‐, 5.88‐, and 2.16‐times greater than F. infectoria, M. latifolia, and M. alba, respectively. Environmental benefits in terms of soil nutrient status and carbon sequestration were significantly greater under A. nilotica based SPS than others. A. nilotica and M. alba based SPSs had a discounted benefit–cost ratio ~2.2 and internal rate of return >12%. Overall, A. nilotica and M. alba based SPSs could augment yield sustainability, economic profitability and environmental benefit over other SPSs in semiarid India. Hence, they can be recommended as nature based solutions to restore degraded lands in semi‐arid India.
OVERCOMING BIAS IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Williams Joan C. , Boginsky Mikayla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe authors note that despite good intensions and spending considerable amounts of money, diversity and inclusion efforts by today’s leaders often lack success. Their organization, the Center for WorkLife Law, has developed the Workplace Experiences Survey. They write that “this 10‐minute climate survey pinpoints every basic pattern of unexamined bias based on race, gender and class origin, precisely where bias is playing out (e.g., in hiring, promotions, performance evaluations, etc.), and how it is affecting outcome measures such as belonging and intent to stay.” Across sectors, “the same five patterns of bias emerge,” which in the authors’ words are: Prove‐it‐again bias, tightrope bias, Maternal wall bias, Tug of War bias, and Racial stereotypes. The Center has implemented Individual Bias Interrupters trainings. They write that “we recently delivered this training to a large company and 98% of participants said they had a better understanding of how bias affects people, 96% said they learned new strategies for interrupting bias and 89% said they were likely to use them going forward.” Regarding hiring as a starting point, there are such suggestions as, in their words: Throughout the entire hiring process, mind the metrics; Assembling a diverse candidate pool, and “eliminating bias and improving the interview process.”
A k‐space‐based method to measure and correct for temporal B0 field variations in MR temperature imaging
Authors: Parker Dennis L. , Payne Allison , Odéen Henrik 
Published: May 2022

PurposePresent a method to use change in phase in repeated Cartesian k‐space measurements to monitor the change in magnetic field for dynamic MR temperature imaging.MethodsThe method is applied to focused ultrasound heating experiments in a gelatin phantom and an ex vivo salt pork sample, without and with simulated respiratory motion.ResultsIn each experiment, phase variations due to B0 field drift and respiration were readily apparent in the measured phase difference. With correction, the SD of the temperature over time was reduced from 0.18°C to 0.14°C (no breathing) and from 0.81°C to 0.22°C (with breathing) for the gelatin phantom, and from 0.68°C to 0.13°C (no breathing) and from 1.06°C to 0.17°C (with breathing) for the pork sample. The accuracy in nonheated regions, assessed as the RMS error deviation from 0°C, improved from 1.70°C to 1.11°C (no breathing) and from 4.73°C to 1.47°C (with breathing) for the gelatin phantom, and from 5.95°C to 0.88°C (no breathing) and from 13.40°C to 1.73°C (with breathing) for the pork sample. The correction did not affect the temperature measurement accuracy in the heated regions.ConclusionThis work demonstrates that phase changes resulting from variations in B0 due to drift and respiration, commonly seen in MR thermometry applications, can be measured directly from 3D Cartesian acquisition methods. The correction of temporal field variations using the presented technique improved temperature accuracy, reduced variability in nonheated regions, and did not reduce accuracy in heated regions.
Understanding prescribed dose in hand strengthening exercise for rheumatoid arthritis: A secondary analysis of the SARAH trial
Authors: Boniface Graham , Sanchez‐Santos Maria T. , Norris Meriel , OConnell Neil , Williamson Esther , Lamb Sarah E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective1) To identify therapist or participant characteristics associated with prescribed dose of hand strengthening exercise in adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 2) To determine the impact of dose prescribed on outcome (hand function and grip strength).MethodsOverall dose was calculated using area under the curve (AUC). Analysis 1 assessed the association between therapist professional background, therapist grade, baseline participant physical and psychological characteristics and prescribed dose. Analyses 2 and 3 estimated the relationship between prescribed dose and overall hand function and grip strength. Generalised estimating equation linear regression analysis was used.ResultsAnalysis 1: Being treated by an occupational therapist (β = −297.0, 95% CI −398.6, −195.4), metacarpophalangeal joint deformity (β = −24.1, 95% CI −42.3, −5.9), a higher number of swollen wrist/hand joints (β = −11.4, 95% CI −21.6, −1.2) and the participant feeling downhearted and low all of the time (β = −293.6, 95% CI −436.1, −151.1) were associated with being prescribed a lower dose. Being treated by a grade 6 therapist (β = 159.1, 95% CI 65.7, 252.5), higher baseline grip strength (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.02, 0.28) and greater participant confidence to exercise without fear of making symptoms worse (β = 18.9, 95% CI 1.5, 36.3) were associated with being prescribed a higher dose. Analyses 2 and 3: Higher dose was associated with greater overall hand function (β = 0.005, 95% CI 0.001, 0.010) and full‐hand grip strength (β = 0.014, 95% CI 0.000, 0.025) at 4‐month.ConclusionHigher dose was associated with better clinical outcomes. Prescription of hand strengthening exercise is associated with both therapist and participant characteristics.
Proton metabolic mapping of the brain at 7 T using a two‐dimensional free induction decay–echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging readout with lipid suppression
Authors: Nam Kyung Min , Hendriks Arjan D. , Boer Vincent O. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Wijnen Jannie P. , Bhogal Alex A. 
Published: May 2022

The increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and chemical shift dispersion at high magnetic fields (≥7 T) have enabled neuro‐metabolic imaging at high spatial resolutions. To avoid very long acquisition times with conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) phase‐encoding schemes, solutions such as pulse‐acquire or free induction decay (FID) sequences with short repetition time and inner volume selection methods with acceleration (echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging [EPSI]), have been proposed. With the inner volume selection methods, limited spatial coverage of the brain and long echo times may still impede clinical implementation. FID‐MRSI sequences benefit from a short echo time and have a high SNR per time unit; however, contamination from strong extra‐cranial lipid signals remains a problem that can hinder correct metabolite quantification. L2‐regularization can be applied to remove lipid signals in cases with high spatial resolution and accurate prior knowledge. In this work, we developed an accelerated two‐dimensional (2D) FID‐MRSI sequence using an echo‐planar readout and investigated the performance of lipid suppression by L2‐regularization, an external crusher coil, and the combination of these two methods to compare the resulting spectral quality in three subjects. The reduction factor of lipid suppression using the crusher coil alone varies from 2 to 7 in the lipid region of the brain boundary. For the combination of the two methods, the average lipid area inside the brain was reduced by 2% to 38% compared with that of unsuppressed lipids, depending on the subject's region of interest. 2D FID‐EPSI with external lipid crushing and L2‐regularization provides high in‐plane coverage and is suitable for investigating brain metabolite distributions at high fields.
Flow‐Based Synthesis of Gold‐Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetoplasmonic Sensing Applications
Authors: Mehdipour Milad , Gloag Lucy , Hagness Daniel , Lian Jiaxin , Alam Md Saiful , Chen Xueqian , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding John Justin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGold‐coated magnetic nanoparticles are key materials for the fast separation and ultrasensitive detection of analytes in magnetoplasmonic sensors. However, the synthesis of gold‐coated magnetic nanoparticles typically requires small‐scale, colloidal methods over hours or days and often results in incomplete shells with variable optical properties. A robust, rapid, and scalable synthesis method is still needed to reliably form a complete gold nanoshell around magnetic nanoparticles. Herein, a new methodology for the synthesis of gold‐coated magnetic nanoparticles via a flow‐based manufacturing system that can easily be scaled up is presented. The developed method first produces gold‐seeded silica coated magnetic nanoparticles and then a complete, tunable gold shell with relatively uniform size and shape. The flow‐based method can be performed in a total time of less than 2 min, enabling rapid and complete gold coating. The particles show both excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties, which facilitates application as biosensing agents in dark‐field microscopy and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering.
Porous Copper Foam‐Based Plasmonic Nanocrystals Modified 3D Semiconductor Nanoflowers for Multifold, Recyclable, and Portable Detection of Environmental Contaminant
Authors: Bao Zhiyong , Zhou Yu , Du Yunlong , Zhang Maofeng , Liu Yongkai , Wang Jiaheng , Lv Jun , Cai Jing , Zhang Yong , Wu Yucheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA multifunctional solid‐state surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoarray exhibiting superior detection sensitivity with high stability and reproducibility has been a hotspot since it provides multiple analyses and on‐site detection platform. Herein, porous Cu foam‐based plasmonic nanocrystals modified 3D mixed phase TiO2 nanoflowers heterojunction for the effective photodegradation under visible‐light exposures is fabricated. Firstly, TiO2 nanoflowers composed of many upright one‐dimensional TiO2 nanopillars possess the merits of a large specific surface area and optical absorption. These nanopillars not only restrain the recombination of electron‐hole pairs by shortening the diffusion length of minority carrier to the TiO2 surface, but also are favorable for the carrier transport in the one‐dimensional nanostructure. Secondly, the introduction of plasmonic nanocrystals with localized surface plasmon resonance effect will boost the overall photoabsorption of TiO2 nanopillars and strengthen the electromagnetic field around the Ag nanocrystals, thus promoting the SERS effect. Under visible‐light excitation, the hot electrons generated by the nonradiative transition of Ag nanocrystals (≈50 nm) transfer to TiO2 to participate in the photocatalytic reaction, which improves the degradation efficiency of pollutants. The ultrasensitive and recyclable substrates displayed by this platform may lay a foundation for rapid detection analysis on environment toxicity when coupled with a portable Raman device.
Dam operations, local rainfall, changing settlement growth pattern and flooding in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunkoya Olayinka O. , Olayiwola Hafiz A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince 1968 when the Kainji dam was built on the R. Niger in Nigeria, many other large dams, and more than 10 formal, large‐scale irrigation schemes have been constructed in the R. Niger drainage basin. By the early 1990s, a perception had developed in the Niger Delta, the floodplain and tidal region comprising the terminal distributaries of the R. Niger, that the operations of these dams and upstream land use have caused a marked reduction in river discharges in the Delta. Concurrently with the dam construction era (1964–1995), there was a 30‐year (1968–1998) drought particularly in the Sudan‐Sahel Zone of West Africa, a significant section of the R. Niger drainage basin. This negatively impacted the flow regime in the Delta. The long‐term low flow regime appears to have influenced the direction of settlement growth in the region. Rainfall started reverting to pre‐drought levels circa 1995, promoting spate flows on the R. Niger, its tributaries and the Delta. The consequence has been debilitating quasi‐annual flooding also perceived in the Niger Delta as another result of dam operations. This study attempts to elucidate the cause of flooding in the Niger Delta, and particularly the roles of dam operations, local rainfall, and direction of settlement growth on the flooding phenomena. Flooding and flood impact mitigating solutions are proffered.
New Trends in Nanoarchitectured SERS Substrates: Nanospaces, 2D Materials, and Organic Heterostructures
Authors: Guselnikova Olga , Lim Hyunsoo , Kim Hyun‐Jong , Kim Sung Hyun , Gorbunova Alina , Eguchi Miharu , Postnikov Pavel , Nakanishi Takuya , Asahi Toru , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article reviews recent fabrication methods for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with a focus on advanced nanoarchitecture based on noble metals with special nanospaces (round tips, gaps, and porous spaces), nanolayered 2D materials, including hybridization with metallic nanostructures (NSs), and the contemporary repertoire of nanoarchitecturing with organic molecules. The use of SERS for multidisciplinary applications has been extensively investigated because the considerably enhanced signal intensity enables the detection of a very small number of molecules with molecular fingerprints. Nanoarchitecture strategies for the design of new NSs play a vital role in developing SERS substrates. In this review, recent achievements with respect to the special morphology of metallic NSs are discussed, and future directions are outlined for the development of available NSs with reproducible preparation and well‐controlled nanoarchitecture. Nanolayered 2D materials are proposed for SERS applications as an alternative to the noble metals. The modern solutions to existing limitations for their applications are described together with the state‐of‐the‐art in bio/environmental SERS sensing using 2D materials‐based composites. To complement the existing toolbox of plasmonic inorganic NSs, hybridization with organic molecules is proposed to improve the stability of NSs and selectivity of SERS sensing by hybridizing with small or large organic molecules.
Construction of Synergistic Ni3S2‐MoS2 Nanoheterojunctions on Ni Foam as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Integrated with Biomass Valorization
Authors: Yang Shaowei , Guo Ying , Zhao Yike , Zhang Ling , Shen Haidong , Wang Jinhui , Li Jinjin , Wu Chen , Wang Wenbin , Cao Yueling , Zhuo Sifei , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the improvement of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, and substituting the anodic oxidation of biomass materials is an alternative approach, given its lower oxidation potential and higher added value compared to those of OER. In this study, a Ni3S2‐MoS2 nanoheterojunction catalyst with strong electronic interactions is prepared. It exhibits high efficiency for both the HER and the electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In a two‐electrode cell with Ni3S2‐MoS2 serving as both the anode and cathode, the potential is only 1.44 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is much lower than that of pure water splitting. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the strong chemisorption of H and HMF at the interface leads to outstanding electrocatalytic activity. The findings not only provide a strategy for developing efficient electrocatalysts, but also provide an approach for the continuous production of high value‐added products and H2.
Thermochromic Cs2AgBiBr6 Single Crystal with Decreased Band Gap through Order‐Disorder Transition
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Song Yilong , Lu Yuan , Zhang Zhuang , Wang Yang , Yang Yang , Dong Qingfeng , Yu Yi , Qin Peng , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite is considered to be a promising alternative to the traditional lead‐based analogues due to its long carrier lifetime, high structural stability, and non‐toxicity. However, the large band gap limits its absorption of visible light, which is not conducive to further optoelectronic applications. Herein, a thermochromic strategy is reported to decrease the band gap of Cs2AgBiBr6 by approximately 0.36 eV, obtaining the smallest reported band gap of 1.69 eV under ambient conditions. The experimental data indicate that after annealing the Cs2AgBiBr6 single crystals at 400 °C, the silver (Ag) and bismuth (Bi) atoms occupy the B‐site in a random way and form a partially disordered configuration. The formation of the antisite defects broadens the band edges and decreases the band gap. This work offers new insights into the preparation of narrow band gap lead‐free double perovskites, and a deep understanding of their structural and electronic properties for further development in photoelectric devices.
Do jaguars of the Amazon rainforest have a systemic perspective?
Authors: Pinzón‐Salcedo Luis Arturo , Bernal‐Alvarado Juanita , Ramírez‐Franco Eloisa María , Pesca‐Perdomo Mario Alejandro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a jungle environment where jaguars are considered human, systems thinking has evolved in unexpected ways. Although systems thinking is commonly seen as a product of the Western world, other cultures have developed their own versions with unique characteristics. In this article, we explore Amazonian systems thinking, which has similarities to modern Western systems thinking, as well as differences that may inspire the evolution of systems approaches worldwide. We will discuss the contributions of Amazonian systems thinking particularly to find answers to the planet's ecological and sustainability problems, such as climate change and mass extinction of species, among others. We will present the systems thinking that emerged in some Amazonian communities, how it relates to mainstream Western systems thinking, and focus on some unique aspects of Amazonian systems thinking. This paper is based on the ethnographic work of Gerardo Reichel‐Dolmatoff and other anthropologists who have studied Amazonian communities for decades.
Gender spillovers in foreign direct investments: An analysis of Namibia
Authors: EL Sherif Reem , Adjasi Charles Komla Delali , Graham Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe estimate FDI spillovers through the gender channel, as an additional measure to the total labour channel. This enables us to explicitly distinguish the role of females in labour spillovers. In addition, we provide an enhanced understanding of the distinction between spillovers in the manufacturing and services sectors. Using data from Namibia, our reported results show that spillovers through the female labour channel tend to be stronger than the total labour channel. The findings also provide evidence of strong spillovers through the exporting channel, innovation channels and backward linkages for the manufacturing sector. For the services sector, spillovers are strongest through technology innovation channel and forward linkages. The findings suggest an array of policy implications, including strengthening investment in female labour, investment climate and enterprise development initiatives.
Association of thrombus density and endovascular treatment outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to M1 occlusions
Authors: Bruggeman Agnetha A. E. , Aberson Nyk , Kappelhof Manon , Dutra Bruna G. , Hoving Jan W. , Brouwer Josje , Tolhuisen Manon L. , Terreros Nerea Arrarte , Konduri Praneeta R. , Boodt Nikki , Roos Yvo B. W. E. M. , van Zwam Wim H. , Bokkers Reinoud , Martens Jasper , Marquering Henk A. , Emmer Bart J. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. ,   the MR CLEAN Registry investigators
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to study the association of non-contrast CT (NCCT) thrombus density with procedural and clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT). Since thrombus density is associated with thrombus location, we focused on M1 occlusions only.

Methods
Patients with available thin-slice (< 2.5 mm) NCCT were included from a nationwide registry. Regression models were used to assess the relation between thrombus density (per Hounsfield unit [HU]) and the following outcomes. For reperfusion grade, adjusted common odds ratios (acOR) indicated a 1-step shift towards improved outcome per HU increase in thrombus density. For the binary outcomes of first-pass reperfusion (first-pass extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [eTICI] 2C-3, FPR), functional independence [90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2] and mortality), aORs were reported. Adjusted β coefficients (aβ) were reported for 24-h NIHSS and procedure duration in minutes. Outcome differences between first-line treatment devices (stent retriever versus aspiration) were assessed with interaction terms.

Results
In 566 patients with M1 occlusions, thrombus density was not associated with reperfusion (acOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.02), FPR (aOR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.03), mortality (aOR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95–1.00), 24-h NIHSS (aβ − 0.7%, 95% CI − 1.4–0.2), or procedure duration (aβ 0.27, 95% CI − 0.05–0.58). In multivariable analysis, thrombus density was associated with functional independence (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.05). No interaction was found between thrombus density and first-line treatment device for any outcome.

Conclusion
In patients with M1 occlusions, thrombus density was not clearly associated with procedural and clinical outcomes after EVT.