bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The regulation mechanism of different hair types in inner Mongolia cashmere goat based on PI3K-AKT pathway and FGF21
Authors: Gong Gao , Fan Yixing , Zhang Yan , Yan Xiaochun , Li Wenze , Yan Xiaomin , He Libing , Wang Na , Chen Oljibilig , He Dong , Jiang Wei , Li Jinquan , Wang Zhiying , Lv Qi , Su Rui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is genetic diversity of hair types in the Inner Mongolia cashmere goat population. Previous studies have found that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and PI3K-AKT signal pathways may be related to different hair types in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the PI3K-AKT signal pathway on different hair types, the expression of mRNA and protein expression sites of FGF21 in the hair follicles of cashmere goats with different hair types, so as to lay a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism of different hair types and the role of skin hair follicle development. In this experiment, the skin tissues of long hair type (LHG) and short hair type (SHG) of Inner Mongolia cashmere goat were collected in three key periods of secondary hair follicle growth, namely, anagen (September), catagen (December), and telogen (March). The relative expression of FGF21 and PI3K-AKT signal pathway candidate gene mRNA in different periods and different hair types was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative technique (qRT-PCR), and the expression site of FGF21 protein was located by immunohistochemical technique. Through qRT-PCR, it was found that the relative expression of FGF21, FGFR1, AKT3, BRCA1, PKN3, SPP1, and GNG4 was significantly different between LHG and SHG. The expression of FGF21 in the skin of LHG was significantly higher than that of SHG in the three periods. Through immunohistochemical test, it was found that FGF21 protein was mainly expressed in primary hair follicle connective tissue sheath, primary hair follicle outer root sheath, secondary hair follicle outer root sheath, and sebaceous glands. It was also found that the expression of LHG skin tissue in the outer root sheath of primary hair follicles was higher than that of SHG in three periods. In summary, it is suggested that the PI3K-AKT signal pathway may play an important role in the formation of different hair types in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats.
Evidence of High Frequencies of Insecticide Resistance Mutations in Aedes aegypti (Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Urban Accra, Ghana: Implications for Insecticide-based Vector Control of Aedes-borne Arboviral Diseases
Authors: Kwame Amlalo Godwin , Akorli Jewelna , Etornam Akyea-Bobi Nukunu , Sowa Akporh Samuel , Aqua-Baidoo Dominic , Opoku Millicent , Frempong Kwadwo , Pi-Bansa Sellase , Boakye Helena A , Joannides Joannitta , Nyarko Osei Joseph Harold , Pwalia Rebecca , Abla Akorli Esinam , Manu Alexander , Dadzie Samuel K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The most widespread arboviral diseases such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika are transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. Due to the lack of effective therapeutics for most of these diseases, vector control remains the most effective preventative and control measure. This study investigated and compared the species composition, insecticide susceptibility, and resistance mechanisms in Aedes mosquito populations from a forest reserve converted to an eco-park and a peri-domestic sites in urban Accra, Ghana. Immature Aedes were sampled from the study sites, raised to adults, and exposed to deltamethrin, permethrin, DDT, fenitrothion, bendiocarb, permethrin + PBO, and deltamethrin + PBO using WHO tube assays. Melting curve analyses were performed for F1536C, V1016I, and V410L genetic mutations in surviving and dead mosquitoes following exposure to deltamethrin and permethrin. Microplate assay was used to access enzyme activity levels in adult mosquitoes from both populations. Aedes aegypti was found to be the dominant species from both study populations. The susceptibility test results revealed a high frequency of resistance to all the insecticides except fenitrothion. F1534C mutations were observed in 100% and 97% of mosquitoes from the peri-domestic and forest population, respectively but were associated with pyrethroid resistance only in the forest population (P &lt; 0.0001). For the first time in Aedes mosquitoes in Ghana, we report the existence V410L mutations, mostly under selection only in the forest population (HWE P &lt; 0.0001) and conclude that Aedes vectors in urban Accra have developed resistance to many commonly used insecticides. This information is important for the formulation of vector control strategies for Aedes control in Ghana.
Haploid induction by nanobody-targeted ubiquitin-proteasome-based degradation of EYFP-tagged CENH3 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Demidov Dmitri , Lermontova Inna , Moebes Michael , Kochevenko Andriy , Fuchs Jörg , Weiss Oda , Rutten Twan , Sorge Eberhard , Zuljan Erika , Giehl Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer , Mascher Martin , Somasundaram Saravanakumar , Conrad Udo , Houben Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The generation of haploid plants accelerates the crop breeding process. One of the haploidization strategies is based on the genetic manipulation of endogenous centromere-specific histone 3 (CENH3). To extend the haploidization toolbox, we tested whether targeted in vivo degradation of CENH3 protein can be harnessed to generate haploids in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that a recombinant anti-GFP nanobody fused to either heterologous F-box (NSlmb) or SPOP/BTB ligase proteins can recognize maternally derived enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP)-tagged CENH3 in planta and make it accessible for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Outcrossing of the genomic CENH3-EYFP-complemented cenh3.1 mother with plants expressing the GFP-nanobody-targeted E3 ubiquitin ligase resulted in a haploid frequency of up to 7.6% in pooled F1 seeds. EYFP-CENH3 degradation occurred independently in embryo and endosperm cells. In reciprocal crosses, no haploid induction occurred. We propose that the uniparental degradation of EYFP-fused genomic CENH3 during early embryogenesis leads to a decrease in its level at centromeres and subsequently weakens the centromeres. The male-derived wild type CENH3 containing centromere outcompetes the CENH3-EYFP depleted centromere. Consequently, maternal chromosomes undergo elimination, resulting in haploids.
Forward-modelling the luminosity, distance, and size distributions of the Milky Way satellites
Authors: Manwadkar Viraj , Kravtsov Andrey V 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We use GRUMPY, a simple regulator-type model for dwarf galaxy formation and evolution, to forward model the dwarf galaxy satellite population of the Milky Way (MW) using the Caterpillar zoom-in simulation suite. We show that luminosity and distance distributions of the model satellites are consistent with the distributions measured in the DES, PS1, and SDSS surveys, even without including a model for the orphan galaxies. We also show that our model for dwarf galaxy sizes can simultaneously reproduce the observed distribution of stellar half-mass radii, r1/2, of the MW satellites and the overall r1/2–M⋆ relation exhibited by observed dwarf galaxies. The model predicts that some of the observed faint stellar systems with r1/2 &lt; 10 pc are ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. Scaling of the stellar mass M⋆ and peak halo mass Mpeak for the model satellites is not described by a power law, but has a clear flattening of M⋆–Mpeak scaling at $M_{\rm peak}\lt 10^8\, \, M_{\odot }$ imprinted by reionization. As a result, the fraction of low mass haloes ($M_{\rm peak}\lt 10^8 \, M_{\odot }$) hosting galaxies with MV &lt; 0 is predicted to be 50 per cent at $M_{\rm peak}\sim 3.6 \times 10^7\, \, M_{\odot }$. We find that such high fraction at that halo mass helps to reproduce the number of dwarf galaxies discovered recently in the HSC-SSP survey. Using the model we forecast that there should be the total of $440^{+201}_{-147}$ (68 per cent confidence interval) MW satellites with MV &lt; 0 and r1/2 &gt; 10 pc within 300 kpc and make specific predictions for the HSC-SSP, DELVE-WIDE, and LSST surveys.
Global structure and dynamics of slowly rotating accretion flows
Authors: Ranjbar Razieh , Mosallanezhad Amin , Abbassi Shahram 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the global solutions of slowly rotating accretion flows around the supermassive black hole in the nucleus of an elliptical galaxy. The velocity of accreted gas surrounding the black hole is initially subsonic and then falls on to the black hole supersonically, so accretion flow must be transonic. We numerically solve equations from the Bondi radius to near the black hole. The focus of our discussion will be on the properties of slightly rotating accretion flows in which radiative losses have been ignored. This study discusses how outer boundary conditions (the temperature and specific angular momentum at the outer boundary) influence accretion flow dynamics. We investigate two physically discontinuous regimes: the Bondi-like type accretion and the disc-like type accretion. A Bondi-like accretion occurs when the specific angular momentum at the Bondi radius ℓB is smaller than the specific angular momentum at the marginally stable orbit ℓms. In comparison, a disc-like accretion occurs when the specific angular momentum at the Bondi radius ℓB is larger than the specific angular momentum of the marginally stable orbit ℓms. We also keep the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium and compare our results with the case in which it is not considered. According to this study, considering the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium reduces the mass accretion rate. Additionally, we find our solution for different ranges of the viscosity parameter α. Finally, we study the effect of galaxy potential on slowly rotating accretion flows.
Switchback deflections beyond the early parker solar probe encounters
Authors: Laker R , Horbury T S , Matteini L , Bale S D , Stawarz J E , Woodham L D , Woolley T 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Switchbacks are Aflvénic fluctuations in the solar wind, which exhibit large rotations in the magnetic field direction. Observations from Parker Solar Probe’s (PSP’s) first two solar encounters have formed the basis for many of the described switchback properties and generation mechanisms. However, this early data may not be representative of the typical near-Sun solar wind, biasing our current understanding of these phenomena. One defining switchback property is the magnetic deflection direction. During the first solar encounter, this was primarily in the tangential direction for the longest switchbacks, which has since been discussed as evidence, and a testable prediction, of several switchback generation methods. In this study, we re-examine the deflection direction of switchbacks during the first eight PSP encounters to confirm the existence of a systematic deflection direction. We first identify switchbacks exceeding a threshold deflection in the magnetic field and confirm a previous finding that they are arc-polarized. In agreement with earlier results from PSP’s first encounter, we find that groups of longer switchbacks tend to deflect in the same direction for several hours. However, in contrast to earlier studies, we find that there is no unique direction for these deflections, although several solar encounters showed a non-uniform distribution in deflection direction with a slight preference for the tangential direction. This result suggests a systematic magnetic configuration for switchback generation, which is consistent with interchange reconnection as a source mechanism, although this new evidence does not rule out other mechanisms, such as the expansion of wave modes.
Efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone pulse followed by oral prednisone vs. oral prednisone alone in sarcoidosis tubulointerstitial nephritis: a randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mahevas Matthieu , Audard Vincent , Rousseau Alexandra , Cez Alexandre , Guerrot Dominique , Verhelst David , Delahousse Michel , Hanrotel Catherine , Pillebout Evangeline , Daugas Eric , Krastinova Evguenia , Valeyre Dominique , Boffa Jean-Jacques ,    for the GSF French Sarcoidosis Group, Thomas Papo , Vincent Cottin , Arnaud Lionet , Dominique Chauveau , Jean-Marc Naccache , Sandrine Hirschi , Gabriel Choukroun , Tabassome Simon , Hakeem Admane , Laurence Berard , Aurélie Hummel , Laurence Vrigneaud , Bertrand Godeau , Laurent Juillard , Bertrand Dussol , Bruno Moulin 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe determine the benefit of pulsed methylprednisolone for improving kidney function in patients with sarcoidosis tubulointerstitial nephritis.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled trial in patients with biopsy-proven acute tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by sarcoidosis at 21 sites in France. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a methylprednisolone pulse 15 mg/kg/day for 3 days, then oral prednisone (MP group) or oral prednisone 1 mg/kg/day alone (PRD group). The primary end point was a positive response at 3 months, defined as a doubling of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared with the eGFR before randomization.ResultsWe randomized 40 participants. Baseline eGFR before PRD was 22 mL/min/1.73m2 {interquartile range [IQR], 16–44} and before MP was 25 mL/min/1.73m2 (IQR, 22–36) (P = .3). The two groups did not differ in underlying pathological lesions, including mean percentage of interstitial fibrosis and intensity of interstitial infiltrate. In the intent-to-treat population, the median eGFR at 3 months did not significantly differ between the PRD and MP groups: 45 (IQR, 34–74) and 46 (IQR, 39–65) mL/min/1.73m2. The primary end point at 3 months was achieved in 16 of 20 (80%) PRD patients and 10 of 20 (50%) MP patients (P = .0467). The eGFR was similar between the two groups after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. For both groups, eGFR at 1 month was strongly correlated with eGFR at 12 months (P &lt; .0001). The two groups did not differ in severe adverse events.ConclusionCompared with a standard oral steroid regimen, intravenous MP may have no supplemental benefit for renal function in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by sarcoidosis.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01652417; EudraCT: 2012–000149-11
Utilization and clinical outcomes of kidney transplants from deceased donors with albuminuria in the UK: a national cohort study
Authors: Greenhall George H B , Robb Matthew , Johnson Rachel J , Ibrahim Maria , Hilton Rachel , Tomlinson Laurie A , Callaghan Chris J , Watson Christopher J E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Urinalysis is a standard component of potential deceased kidney donor assessment in the UK. The value of albuminuria as a biomarker for organ quality is uncertain. We examined the relationship between deceased donor albuminuria and kidney utilization, survival and function.

Methods
We performed a national cohort study on adult deceased donors and kidney transplant recipients between 2016 and 2020, using data from the UK Transplant Registry. We examined the influence of donor albuminuria, defined as ≥2+ on dipstick testing, on kidney utilization, early graft function, graft failure and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Results
Eighteen percent (1681/9309) of consented donors had albuminuria. After adjustment for confounders, kidneys from donors with albuminuria were less likely to be accepted for transplantation (74% versus 82%; odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.81). Of 9834 kidney transplants included in our study, 1550 (16%) came from donors with albuminuria. After a median follow-up of 2 years, 8% (118/1550) and 9% (706/8284) of transplants from donors with and without albuminuria failed, respectively. There was no association between donor albuminuria and graft failure (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.11). There was also no association with delayed graft function, patient survival or eGFR at 1 or 3 years.

Conclusions
Our study suggests reluctance in the UK to utilize kidneys from deceased donors with dipstick albuminuria but no evidence of an association with graft survival or function. This may represent a potential to expand organ utilization without negatively impacting transplant outcomes.
Coronary and extra-coronary artery calcium scores as predictors of cardiovascular events and mortality in chronic kidney disease stages 1–5: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sørensen Ida M H , Bjergfelt Sasha S , Hjortkjær Henrik Ø , Kofoed Klaus F , Lange Theis , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo , Christoffersen Christina , Bro Susanne 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Vascular calcification is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, since there is a lack of studies examining several arterial regions at a time, we aimed to evaluate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality according to calcium scores in five major arterial sites.

Methods
This was a prospective study of 580 patients from the Copenhagen CKD Cohort. Multidetector computed tomography of the coronary and carotid arteries, the thoracic aorta, the abdominal aorta and the iliac arteries was used to determine vascular calcification at baseline. Calcium scores were divided into categories: 0, 1–100, 101–400 and &gt;400.

Results
During the follow-up period of 4.1 years a total of 59 cardiovascular events and 64 all-cause deaths occurred. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and smoking, only the coronary and carotid arteries, and the thoracic aorta were independent predictors of the designated endpoints. When examining the potential of calcification in the five arterial sites for predicting MACE, the difference in C-statistic was also most pronounced in these three sites, at 0.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16%–0.26%, P &lt; .001], 0.26 (95% CI 0.22%–0.3%, P &lt; .001) and 0.20 (95% CI 0.16%–0.24%, P &lt; .001), respectively. This trend also applied to all-cause mortality.

Conclusions
The overall results, including data on specificity, suggest that calcium scores of the coronary and carotid arteries have the most potential for identifying patients with CKD at high cardiovascular risk and for evaluating new therapies.
CBTRUS Statistical Report: Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation Childhood and Adolescent Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2014–2018
Authors: Ostrom Quinn T , Price Mackenzie , Ryan Katherine , Edelson Jacob , Neff Corey , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin A , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The CBTRUS Statistical Report: Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation Childhood and Adolescent Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2014–2018 comprehensively describes the current population-based incidence of primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in children and adolescents ages 0–19 years, collected and reported by central cancer registries covering approximately 100% of the United States population. Overall, brain and other CNS tumors are the most common solid tumor, the most common cancer, and the most common cause of cancer death in children and adolescents ages 0–19 years. This report aims to serve as a useful resource for researchers, clinicians, patients, and families.
Canfar an Dán
Authors: Ó Bróithe Éamonn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the work of the eighteenth-century Gaelic poets of Ireland from the perspective of their musical performance. The lyrics of several songs from the Gaelic literary tradition are combined with the melodies associated with them and re-animated as songs within the discipline and aesthetic of the living, Irish-language singing tradition. The premise is that a true appraisal of these compositions requires an understanding of the interplay between metre and melody and the impact intended by the poet on their audiences by the oral delivery of their work as songs. Further insight is gained into the eighteenth-century literary song as an artform, the tradition from which it was derived and the interrelationship of that tradition with the popular song culture in Irish-speaking Ireland.
BREEDIT: a multiplex genome editing strategy to improve complex quantitative traits in maize
Authors: Lorenzo Christian Damian , Debray Kevin , Herwegh Denia , Develtere Ward , Impens Lennert , Schaumont Dries , Vandeputte Wout , Aesaert Stijn , Coussens Griet , De Boe Yara , Demuynck Kirin , Van Hautegem Tom , Pauwels Laurens , Jacobs Thomas B , Ruttink Tom , Nelissen Hilde , Inzé Dirk 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ensuring food security for an ever-growing global population while adapting to climate change is the main challenge for agriculture in the 21st century. Although new technologies are being applied to tackle this problem, we are approaching a plateau in crop improvement using conventional breeding. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene engineering have paved the way to accelerate plant breeding to meet this increasing demand. However, many traits are governed by multiple small-effect genes operating in complex interactive networks. Here, we present the gene discovery pipeline BREEDIT, which combines multiplex genome editing of whole gene families with crossing schemes to improve complex traits such as yield and drought tolerance. We induced gene knockouts in 48 growth-related genes into maize (Zea mays) using CRISPR/Cas9 and generated a collection of over 1,000 gene-edited plants. The edited populations displayed (on average) 5%–10% increases in leaf length and up to 20% increases in leaf width compared with the controls. For each gene family, edits in subsets of genes could be associated with enhanced traits, allowing us to reduce the gene space to be considered for trait improvement. BREEDIT could be rapidly applied to generate a diverse collection of mutants to identify promising gene modifications for later use in breeding programs.