bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal ultrasound, manipulation and exercise on pain and mouth opening in Chronic temporomandibular joint disorder
Authors: Nayak Megha M. , Shyam Krishnan K , D'souza Molly Cynthia , Rao Suchita S. , Makwana Vrunda R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundA 60‐year‐old female patient reported with a chief complaint of pain in bilateral temporomandibular joints (TMJ) region since 11/2 years. The pain was initially reported to be insidious in onset, moderate in intensity, aggravated on chewing food and during excessive mouth opening. On examination her mouth opening was found to be less than 8 mm and standard head and neck examination showed grade 2 tenderness with swelling on bilateral TMJ and forward neck posture with rounded shoulders. The patient reported her pain to be 6 at rest in NPRS (with 0 being no pain and 10 being maximum) and 8 out of 10 on mouth opening.Methodology/ManagementA 4‐week Physiotherapy Intervention program, which consisted of Ultrasound Therapy at varying intensity, TMJ manipulation, Cervical Range of Motion Exercises and Manual Cervical traction was administered. Repeated evaluation of pain and other functional outcomes were done on a weekly basis.ResultsThere was significant improvement in her mouth opening (41 mm), restoration of masticatory functions, complete resolution of pain and overall improvement in quality of life after the 4 weeks intervention program.ConclusionA structured Physiotherapy intervention program consisting of Non‐thermal Ultrasound, Manipulation and exercise targeting TMJ and Upper quarter, proved to be highly effective in increasing functions and reducing signs and symptoms in Chronic TMJ Dysfunction which can be highly disabling. The recovery observed in this patient, who was not on any standard treatment for almost 18 months, hence the severe limitations she encountered, is a testament to the need of designing individualized treatment protocols addressing the many facets of impairment in TMJ Disorders.
Effects of low‐dose metformin on pre‐frailty among middle‐aged and elderly pre‐diabetic people
Authors: Huang Chun‐Feng , Shiao Ming‐Shi , Mao Tso‐Yen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPre‐frailty has been identified as a clinically silent mechanism pre‐disposing people to frailty. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of low‐dose metformin on pre‐diabetic pre‐frail patients (>50 years) on skeletal muscle mass, speed of gait, handgrip power, and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL).MethodsWe did a retrospective cohort study of subjects aged 50 years and older who were diagnosed with pre‐frailty (one or two criteria present based on Fried Frailty Index) and pre‐diabetes (HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%) from May 2018 to April 2020. Subjects taking low‐dose metformin were compared with non‐metformin participants through a review of the medical records. The results were analysed at baseline and 6–12 months post‐prescription with or without metformin. All data were accompanied by a 95% confidence interval.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen pre‐diabetic and pre‐frail subjects were recruited to metformin [the mean metformin administration was 750 (140) mg/day] (n = 58) or control group (n = 55). The average age was 66.3 (6.8) years old, with 52.2% of the population being female. The baseline demographic, nutritional, physical, and mental status data did not differ between groups. In comparison with the control group, an 8.9 (1.8) month low‐dose metformin intervention resulted in a higher skeletal muscle mass index of 1.26 (1.66) kg/m2 (P = 0.029), a faster gait speed of 0.15 (0.22) m/s (P = 0.011), and a greater handgrip strength of 2.1 (2.9) kg (P = 0.037). However, there was no difference in myostatin serum levels or HR‐QoL between groups.ConclusionsLow‐dose metformin was statistically and clinically meaningful to improve the original skeletal muscle mass index, gait speed, and grip strength as part of the sarcopenia dimension, but the Euro Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions index and myostatin serum levels did not change significantly.
Self‐learning‐based optimal tracking control of an unmanned surface vehicle with pose and velocity constraints
Authors: Wang Ning , Gao Ying , Liu Yongjin , Li Kun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, subject to both pose and velocity constraints within narrow waters, a self‐learning‐based optimal tracking control (SLOTC) scheme is innovatively created for an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) by deploying actor‐critic reinforcement learning (RL) mechanism and backstepping technique. To be specific, the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is devised to uniformly limit the states within a predefined region pertaining to a smoothly feasible reference trajectory. By virtue of a constrained Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) function, an actor‐critic control structure under backstepping is established by employing adaptive neural network identifiers which recursively updates actor and critic, simultaneously. Eventually, theoretical analysis proves that the entire SLOTC scheme can render all the states remain in the predefined compact set while tracking errors converge to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin. Simulation results on a prototype USV demonstrate remarkable effectiveness and superiority.
A fish‐based multi‐metric assessment index in the Karun River basin, Iran
Authors: Zare‐Shahraki Mojgan , Ebrahimi‐Dorche Eisa , Keivany Yazdan , Blocksom Karen , Bruder Andreas , Flotemersch Joseph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarge river systems are one of the most important water resources for human societies. However, the ecological integrity of large rivers has been altered greatly by human activities. To monitor and manage these ecosystems, multimetric indices (MMI) are considered as efficient tools. This study aimed to develop and validate a fish‐based multimetric index for the Karun River basin, Iran (Karun fish‐based multi‐metric index [KFMMI]). Eighteen rivers and 54 sites in the basin were sampled in July–August 2019, and physico‐chemical and habitat characteristics were used to identify reference sites based on principal components analysis (PCA). Of the 54 sites, 14, 26, and 14 sites were classified as least, moderate, and most disturbed sites, respectively. Fifty‐four candidate metrics were evaluated for range, responsiveness, and redundancy with other metrics. This resulted in the identification of eight metrics (relative abundance of native and endemic taxa, relative richness of migratory taxa, relative richness of Leuciscidae taxa, relative richness of herbivorous taxa, relative abundance of cyprinid taxa, relative richness of vegetative inhabitant taxa, relative abundance of slow water flow, and relative richness of edge inhabitant taxa) that informed on species richness and composition, migratory status, functional feeding groups, and habitat preferences. The KFMMI showed excellent performance in separating least, moderate, and most disturbed sites in our study area. Regarding water quality, the KFMMI was classified 16, 5, and 29 sites as good, moderate, and bad, respectively. The discrimination efficiency of KFMMI was 81.6%, which makes it an effective management tool for directing restoration actions at most disturbed sites and intensifying protection of least disturbed sites.
Adaptive Integral‐Type Direct Speed Control of SMPMSM Drive System Based on Ultra‐Local Model
Authors: Mao Jingkui , Li Hongmei , Yang Liguo , Wang Xianling , Liu Rundong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the control performance and robustness of the surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system, the direct speed control is proposed based on the ultra‐local model, which is established based on the input and output of the system, and the dynamics and disturbances are estimated by the differential algebra comprehensively. A dynamic variable with adaptive coefficients is defined first, which includes the speed error and armature q‐axis current explicitly. The ultra‐local model about it is established consequently. Then, a single controller is designed to control speed and current simultaneously under the cascade‐free structure. To guarantee the stability of system and obtain the range of adaptive coefficients, the Lyapunov function is designed with speed and current errors. Moreover, the adaptive coefficients are online tuned by adaptive laws to suit operating conditions. At the same time, the current and voltage constraints are also handled to prevent overcurrent and make full use of the power supply. With the proposed method, excellent transient and steady‐state performance can be achieved in the context of safe operation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the experiments, and comparisons with the double closed‐loop proportional integral (PI) control verify its technical advantages. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Acute iron oxide nanoparticles exposure induced murine eosinophilic airway inflammation via TLR2 and TLR4 signaling
Authors: Yue Liang , Qidian Li , Jiawei Wang , Rou Xue , Miao He 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) is the main component of air pollution particles in urban rail transit environment. People are more exposed to Fe2O3 NPs, however, the studies on relationship between Fe2O3 NPs and respiratory health are limited. In the present study, acute airway inflammation caused by Fe2O3 NPs and its possible mechanism were investigated. BALB/c mice were intratracheally challenged with different concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs. Fe2O3 NPs induced bronchial epithelial barrier function damage, infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes into the airway submucosa, secretion of mucus in the airway epithelium and elevated expression of eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP) in lungs. Compared with the control group, Fe2O3 NPs increased eosinophils by 20 times in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and markedly increased eosinophils related cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL) ‐5, IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐3, eotaxin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC). Furthermore, Fe2O3 NPs up‐regulated levels of IL‐5, MCP‐3, eotaxin, and KC in serum. In vitro studies showed that Fe2O3 NPs increased the genes and proteins expression of Toll‐like receptors (TLR)‐2, TLR4, TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, and TNF‐α in RAW267.4 cells. The downstream inflammatory cytokine protein expression and release such as TNF‐α was significantly decreased after using TLR2/TLR4 inhibitor OxPAPC, but not MyD88 inhibitor ST2825. These results suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 played important role in Fe2O3 NPs inducing acute eosinophilic airway inflammation in the murine lung.
Ensuring decent work on digital labour platforms
Authors:   ILO
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter takes a broad approach to regulation to describe the forms of governance and initiatives undertaken by platforms, governments and social partners to address the emerging challenges, focusing on labour and social protection. It then focuses on the discussion about what “decent work” for platform workers means, grounding the analysis in ILO Conventions and Recommendations. As there are frequently gaps between the current rules for digital platform work and what they should be from a decent work perspective, it then proceeds to examine initiatives from governments and the social partners that try to bridge those gaps.
Cheeger bounds on spin-two fields
Authors: De Luca G. Bruno , De Ponti Nicolò , Mondino Andrea , Tomasiello Alessandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider gravity compactifications whose internal space consists of small bridges connecting larger manifolds, possibly noncompact. We prove that, under rather general assumptions, this leads to a massive spin-two field with very small mass. The argument involves a recently-noticed relation to Bakry-Émery geometry, a version of the so-called Cheeger constant, and the theory of synthetic Ricci lower bounds. The latter technique allows generalizations to non-smooth spaces such as those with D-brane singularities. For AdSdvacua with a bridge admitting an AdSd+1interpretation, the holographic dual is a CFTdwith two CFTd−1boundaries. The ratio of their degrees of freedom gives the graviton mass, generalizing results obtained by Bachas and Lavdas ford= 4. We also prove new bounds on the higher eigenvalues. These are in agreement with the spin-two swampland conjecture in the regime where the background is scale-separated; in the opposite regime we provide examples where they are in naive tension with it.
Learning in one minute: survey of the One Minute Wonder Network
Authors: Krüger Lars , Mannebach Thomas , Rahner Marianne , Timpe Fabian , Wefer Franziska , Nydahl Peter 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Continuous education of clinicians improves quality of care. One Minute Wonder (OMW) summarize best practice knowledge on one page that can be hung on a wall and can be read during waiting times of just one minute. OMW are a fast, efficient and easy-to-adapt educational method and can easily be shared. Since 2018, an interprofessional network has been set up for OMW in German-speaking countries, but the benefits have not been evaluated yet.

Aim
The primary objective of this evaluation study was to examine whether and to what extent the members of the OMW network used OMW for training in different settings. Secondary objectives were subjective educational gain, OMW as a training method, and OMW-related structures and processes.

Methods
An online survey within the OMW network with 301 members over a period of 3 weeks in 2020 was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results
Response rate was 62.8% (n = 191). Most participants have used OMW for < 6 months (32.5%, n = 62), developed 1–10 OMW (42.4%, n = 81) by themselves and changed them infrequently (43.5%, n = 74). Topics were most often nursing interventions (79.6%, n = 152), diseases (71.2%, n = 136), drugs (64.4%, n = 123) and others. Participants reported that OMW extended professional knowledge, stimulated them to reflect on their work and are useful for sharing best practice knowledge. Authors of OMW were most often nurses (53.9%, n = 103), who were inspired by the OMW network or by questions of the team.

Conclusion
Participants use OMW in practice to share best practice knowledge.
Psychosoziale Versorgung für Kinder mit seltenen Erkrankungen und ihren Eltern und Geschwistern im Verbund CARE-FAM-NET
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Denecke Jonas ,   Verbund CARE-FAM-NET
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungSeltene Erkrankungen (SE) sind eine sehr heterogene Gruppe komplexer Krankheitsbilder, verlaufen meist chronisch, können die Lebenserwartung einschränken und manifestieren sich oft bereits im Kindesalter. Das Krankheitsmanagement erfordert meist einen hohen Grad an Unterstützung und Pflege durch Eltern und Geschwister und stellt hohe Anforderungen an die Familie. Die Betroffenen, ihre Geschwister und Eltern sind häufig körperlich und psychisch hochbelastet. Dennoch muss die Familie „funktionieren“ und die Pflege des erkrankten Kindes organisieren. Selbst bei großen Belastungen und psychischen Symptomen suchen viele Eltern keine herkömmliche psychosoziale Versorgung für sich oder ihr Kind auf, weil dies zusätzliche Ressourcen erfordern würde. „Children affected by rare diseases and their families–network“ (CARE-FAM-NET) bündelt renommierte, auf Kinder mit SE spezialisierte Partner und Zentren: vonseiten der Kinderkliniken, psychosozialen Medizin, Selbsthilfe, Gesundheitsökonomie, Biometrie und Qualitätssicherung, Jugendhilfe und Bundespolitik. Zentrale Ziele bestehen in Implementierung, Begleitevaluation und Transfer der neuen „Face-to-face“- (CARE-FAM) und Online-Intervention (WEP-CARE [Webbasiertes Elterprogramm-CARE]) für Kinder mit SE und ihre Familien an bundesweit 17 Standorten. Im Zentrum des Versorgungsmodells von CARE-FAM-NET steht eine psychosoziale Intervention, die individuell und passgenau auf die jeweilige Familie zugeschnitten ist und den genannten Anforderungen gerecht wird: sektorenübergreifend, bedarfs-, familienorientiert, interdisziplinär und fachübergreifend. Die Bedingungen für den Transfer der neuen Versorgungsformen in die Regelversorgung werden in CARE-FAM-NET geschaffen, geprüft und diese sollen nach positiver Evaluation in der Regelversorgung umgesetzt werden.
Migration and Mobility: Correlates of Recent HIV Testing Among Substance Using Female Sex Workers at the Mexico–Guatemala Border
Authors: Rocha-Jiménez Teresita , Morales-Miranda Sonia , Fernández-Casanueva Carmen , Silverman Jay G. , Zúñiga María Luisa , Goldenberg Shira M. , Crespo Noe , Brouwer Kimberly C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to determine the association between traveling to engage in sex work in another country and recent access to HIV testing among substance-using female sex workers (FSWs) in the Mexico–Guatemala border region. From 2012 to 2015, through modified time-location sampling and peer referral, 255 FSWs were recruited at Mexico’s southern border. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, migration and mobility experiences, work environment factors, and substance use. A conceptual framework, as depicted by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), guided our analysis. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between mobility experiences and HIV testing in the past year. Overall HIV testing was low (41%); after considering relevant covariates (i.e., interaction with health services and organizations, and sex work characteristics) traveling to engage in sex work in another country was found to be positively associated with HIV testing in the past year. Future efforts need to consider voluntary and non-stigmatizing prevention HIV services and focus on reaching out to less mobile women.
Can global models provide insights into regional mitigation strategies? A diagnostic model comparison study of bioenergy in Brazil
Authors: Köberle Alexandre C. , Daioglou Vassilis , Rochedo Pedro , Lucena André F. P. , Szklo Alexandre , Fujimori Shinichiro , Brunelle Thierry , Kato Etsushi , Kitous Alban , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Schaeffer Roberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe usefulness of global integrated assessment model (IAM) results for policy recommendation in specific regions has not been fully assessed to date. This study presents the variation in results across models for a given region, and what might be behind this variation and how model assumptions and structures drive results. Understanding what drives the differences across model results is important for national policy relevance of global scenarios. We focus on the use of bioenergy in Brazil, a country expected to play an important role in future bioenergy production. We use results of the Stanford University Energy Modeling Forum’s 33rd Study (EMF-33) model comparison exercise to compare and assess projections of Brazil’s bioenergy pathways under climate mitigation scenarios to explore how 10 global IAMs compare to recent trends in the country. We find that, in their current form, global IAMs have limited potential to supply robust insights into regional mitigation strategies. Our results suggest fertile ground for a new research agenda to improve regional representation in global IAMs with improved spatial and technological resolutions.
Parallel analysis of Ethereum blockchain transaction data using cluster computing
Authors: Kılıç Baran , Özturan Can , Sen Alper 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAbility to perform fast analysis on massive public blockchain transaction data is needed in various applications such as tracing fraudulent financial transactions. The blockchain data is continuously growing and is organized as a sequence of blocks containing transactions. This organization, however, cannot be used for parallel graph algorithms which need efficient distributed graph data structures. Using message passing libraries (MPI), we develop a scalable cluster-based system that constructs a distributed transaction graph in parallel and implement various transaction analysis algorithms. We report performance results from our system operating on roughly 5 years of 10.2 million block Ethereum Mainnet blockchain data. We report timings obtained from tests involving distributed transaction graph construction, partitioning, page ranking of addresses, degree distribution, token transaction counting, connected components finding and our new parallel blacklisted address trace forest computation algorithm on a 16 node economical cluster set up on the Amazon cloud. Our system is able to construct a distributed graph of 766 million transactions in 218 s and compute the forest of blacklisted address traces in 32 s.
Para-Kähler-Einstein 4-manifolds and non-integrable twistor distributions
Authors: Bor Gil , Makhmali Omid , Nurowski Paweł 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the local geometry of 4-manifolds equipped with apara-Kähler-Einstein(pKE) metric, a special type of split-signature pseudo-Riemannian metric, and their associatedtwistor distribution, a rank 2 distribution on the 5-dimensional total space of the circle bundle of self-dual null 2-planes. For pKE metrics with non-zero scalar curvature this twistor distribution has exactly two integral leaves and is ‘maximally non-integrable’ on their complement, a so-called (2,3,5)-distribution. Our main result establishes a simple correspondence between the anti-self-dual Weyl tensor of a pKE metric with non-zero scalar curvature and the Cartan quartic of the associated twistor distribution. This will be followed by a discussion of this correspondence for general split-signature metrics which is shown to be much more involved. We use Cartan’s method of equivalence to produce a large number of explicit examples of pKE metrics with non-zero scalar curvature whose anti-self-dual Weyl tensor have special real Petrov type. In the case of real Petrov typeD, we obtain a complete local classification. Combined with the main result, this produces twistor distributions whose Cartan quartic has the same algebraic type as the Petrov type of the constructed pKE metrics. In a similar manner, one can obtain twistor distributions with Cartan quartic of arbitrary algebraic type. As a byproduct of our pKE examples we naturally obtain para-Sasaki-Einstein metrics in five dimensions. Furthermore, we study various Cartan geometries naturally associated to certain classes of pKE 4-dimensional metrics. We observe that in some geometrically distinguished cases the correspondingCartan connectionssatisfy the Yang-Mills equations. We then provide explicit examples of such Yang-Mills Cartan connections.