bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood counts in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Harvey Susan , Wolter‐Warmerdam Kristine , Hickey Francis , Daniels Dee , DomBourian Melkon , Ambruso Daniel R. , McKinney Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) are more likely to have hematologic and immunologic abnormalities compared to their typically developing peers, but normal ranges have not been defined. The goal of this study was to create references for complete blood counts (CBCs) in patients with DS.MethodsA retrospective investigation of 355 (male = 196, 55.2%; mean age = 6.49 years, SD = 5.07) healthy pediatric patients with DS who received a CBC between 2011 and 2017 as part of their medical care at a single, large, pediatric teaching hospital. Control data on 770 healthy patients without DS were included. Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic and clinical characteristics. Kruskal–Wallis H tests, nested analysis‐of‐variance tests, and t‐tests were run to determine the significant associations.ResultsAge‐related normative curves for healthy children with DS outlining 2.5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97.5th percentiles are provided for total white blood count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet, absolute neutrophil, absolute lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte, and basophil counts. Statistical differences were found between children with and without DS receiving care at the same hospital based on matched age/sex groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that patients with DS have different reference ranges for multiple blood counts compared to those without DS, creating a new resource for pediatricians to refer to when evaluating CBCs in this population.
Impact of invasive Lantana camara on maize and cassava growth in East Usambara, Tanzania
Authors: Hamad Amina A. , Kashaigili Japhet J. , Eckert Sandra , Eschen René , Schaffner Urs , Mbwambo John Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe impacts of invasive alien plant species on native plants are generally well documented, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying their impacts on crop growth. A better understanding of immediate as well as legacy effects and of direct and indirect impacts of invasive alien plant species is essential for an improved management of invaded cropland. We investigated how Lantana camara impacts the growth of two subsistence crops (maize and cassava) through competition for resources, allelopathy and the indirect plant–plant interactions. We carried out two pot experiments using soils from invaded abandoned, invaded cultivated and non‐invaded cultivated crop fields. In the first experiment maize and cassava were grown alone or together with L. camara and half of the pots were treated with activated carbon to suppress allelochemicals. The effect of the soil microbial community on L. camara—crop interactions was assessed in a second experiment using autoclaved soil with 5% of soil from the three soil types. We found that L. camara reduced the growth of maize by 29%, but cassava was not affected. We did not find evidence of allelopathic effects of L. camara. Inoculation of autoclaved soil with microorganisms from all soil types increased biomass of cassava and reduced the growth of maize. Because L. camara only caused impacts when growing simultaneously with maize, the results suggest that removal of L. camara will immediately mitigate its negative impacts on maize.
Evaluating the evidence for sacubitril/valsartan across the continuum of heart failure
Authors: Skersick Preston T. , Proco Darrian , Sharma‐Huynh Preetika , Montepara Courtney A. , Rodgers Jo E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince initial publication of the PARADIGM‐HF trial in 2014, sacubitril/valsartan has been investigated in various settings to establish optimal use, further expanding its indications in patients with heart failure (HF). Although numerous studies have been published, until recently these have primarily involved post hoc analyses from the PARADIGM‐HF study itself with a consistent focus on use of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This has led to a gap in the literature regarding utility of sacubitril/valsartan in other HF subpopulations. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of recent clinical trials further expanding use and guideline recommendations for sacubitril/valsartan. The findings of 15 studies, including clinical trials and post hoc analyses, are summarized and describe the use of sacubitril/valsartan in additional HF subpopulations, such as HFrEF following hospitalization for acute decompensated HF and advanced HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF postmyocardial infarction. In addition, three studies investigating timing of initiation, dose titration regimens, and cost‐effectiveness are examined. Select ongoing trials are also reviewed to demonstrate the continued commitment to further advance care of patients with HF. This comprehensive review serves as a resource for health care providers who pursue optimal utilization of sacubitril/valsartan in their respective clinical practices.
Psychometric properties of the School Kindness Scale in Hong Kong, mainland China, and the Philippines
Authors: Buenconsejo Jet U. , Pianpiano Olivia I. P. , Datu Jesus Alfonso 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudies have shown that the School Kindness Scale (SKS) has adequate psychometric properties in different societies such as Canada, Turkey, and the Philippines. However, there is scarce evidence on the psychometric validity of this scale across multiple societies and educational contexts. This study explores the cross‐national invariance of the SKS among high school students in the Philippines, Hong Kong, and mainland China. Results showed that the modified unidimensional model of school kindness with correlated error terms on item number 2 and 3 had the most optimal fit. There was evidence supporting partial invariance of the modified unidimensional model of school kindness across setting and year level, and full invariance across gender. Whereas school kindness also demonstrated positive correlations with perceived academic performance in Hong Kong and mainland China, this construct was linked to higher emotional and social engagement in math in all contexts.
Understanding curing dynamics of arylacetylene and phthalonitrile thermoset blends
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Dyatkin Boris , Osti Naresh C. , Keum Jong K. , Mamontov Eugene , Butler Tristan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTetrakis(phenylethynyl)benzene (TPEB), a high char yield arylacetylene resin, was blended with a resorcinol‐based PEEK™‐like oligomeric phthalonitrile resin (Res). We observed the influence of each polymer precursor on the structural changes and material dynamics of different mixtures of these resins during thermal curing to produce thermosets with high char retention. We provide insight to help understand fundamental processes that control and tune this complex thermally driven curing mechanism, which, to date, has not been well understood. We show that an equivalent blend of Res and TPEB mitigates the exothermic curing process and exhibits a low viscosity, which may facilitate processing of these thermosetting blends for composite manufacturing. To obtain a more comprehensive overview of the different dynamics of these polymers during curing, we correlated thermodynamic changes with rheology, materials characterization, and molecular dynamics derived from neutron scattering. Our efforts shed more light on the thermally driven chemical changes, physical transformation, and gelation dynamics that drive or accompany softening and curing of these two distinct crosslinking resin groups.
Enhancing the oral and topical insecticidal efficacy of a commercialized spider venom peptide biopesticide via fusion to the carrier snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin)
Authors: Sukiran Nur Afiqah , Pyati Prashant , Willis Caitlin E , Brown Adrian P , Readshaw Jennifer J , Fitches Elaine C 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpear®‐T sold as a contact foliar spray for the control of glasshouse pests such as aphids, thrips, spider mites and whiteflies, contains the recombinant spider venom peptide GS‐ω/κ‐HxTx‐Hv1h (named as GS‐ω/κ‐HxTx‐Hv1a by Vestaron) as the active ingredient. Here we investigate whether fusion of the peptide to snowdrop lectin, (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) enhances the efficacy of this venom peptide towards aphid pests.ResultsRecombinant GS‐ω/κ‐HxTx‐Hv1h (HxTx‐Hv1h) and an HxTx‐Hv1h/GNA fusion protein were produced using the yeast Pichia pastoris. Purified proteins showed comparable toxicity when injected into lepidopteran (Mamestra brassicae) larvae, but significant differences in oral and contact activity towards aphids. HxTx‐Hv1h had comparable acute oral toxicity to pea (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and peach potato (Myzus persicae) aphids with respective Day (2) median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 111 and 108 μm derived from diet assays. The fusion protein also showed comparable oral toxicity to both species but D2 LC50 values were >3‐fold lower (35 and 33 μm for pea and peach potato aphids, respectively) as compared to HxTx‐Hv1h. Topically applied toxin and fusion protein, but not GNA, caused significant reductions in pea aphid survival. Contact effects on mortality were significantly greater for aphids exposed to fusion protein as compared to toxin alone. Whole aphid fluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting suggest that improved efficacy is due to enhanced persistence of HxTx‐Hv1h when fused to GNA following internalisation of ingested or topically applied proteins.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report on the insecticidal activity of HxTx‐Hv1h towards aphids and results suggest that a fusion protein‐based approach offers opportunities to significantly enhance oral and contact efficacy of naturally derived toxins, such as HxTx‐Hv1h, towards crop pests. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The underlying hepatoprotective mechanism of PKC#963 in alcohol or carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury via inhibition of iNOS, COX‐2, and p‐STAT3 and enhancement of SOD and catalase
Authors: Kim Dong Sub , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Sim Deok Yong , Park Ji Eon , Park Youngsang , Kim Bonglee , Shim Bumsang , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to explore the underlying hepatoprotective mechanism of PKC#963, consisting of Pinus koraiensis, Saururus chinensis, and Lycium barbarum in association with acute and chronic liver injury induced by alcohol or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Here, PKC#963 significantly suppressed aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p‐STAT3), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX‐2) in CCl4‐treated HepG2 cells. Also, PKC#963 significantly suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HepG2 cells. Consistently, PKC#963 suppressed the expression of AST, ALT, p‐STAT3, iNOS, COX‐2, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and increased procaspase 3 in the liver tissues of CCl4 treated rats. In addition, PKC#963 enhanced alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) for alcohol metabolism, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase as antioxidant enzymes and also suppressed AST and ALT in alcohol‐treated rats. Furthermore, PKC#963 reduced hepatic steatosis and necrosis in CCl4‐treated rats by H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) staining. Taken together, these findings highlight evidence that PKC#963 has hepatoprotective potential via inhibition of iNOS, COX‐2, and p‐STAT3 and enhancement of SOD and catalase.
Green governance and corporate social responsibility: The role of big data analytics
Authors: Li Miao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study considers the role and importance of Big Data analytics (BDA) in green governance and corporate social responsibility, as well as the prospects for their development. The purpose of the research is to determine how BDA can contribute to green governance and corporate social responsibility. In addition, the concepts of green governance and corporate social responsibility are studied in terms of their relationship with the concept of sustainable development. The study suggests that currently BDA is not widely used in the formation of corporate social responsibility rules and mechanisms, but it has great potential for the expansion in this area. At the moment, this potential is not being fully realized due to the lack of both relevant empirical studies and data interpretation techniques. Important Big Data sources include social networks and company reports on corporate social responsibility, which are in the public domain.
A Novel Predictive Torque Controller for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
Authors: Li Cunhe , Zhao Bo , Liu Jian , Liu Xing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel deadbeat predictive torque control (DPTC) scheme to minimize the torque ripple of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The proposed DPTC consists of torque inverse model and flux‐linkage controller. The torque inverse model is used to realize the nonlinear mapping from the desired torque to the flux‐linkage. On this basis, the flux‐linkage controller predicts the required voltage for a given reference torque at each digital time step. Besides, an improved pulse width modulation (PWM) control is developed to offset the losses caused by power converter and winding resistance. And the digital delay in the actual implementation of the proposed DPTC algorithm is compensated through the estimation + prediction technology. Both simulation and experimental testing are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The results show that the proposed DPTC method has better torque ripple suppression performance than the conventional direct torque control (DTC) scheme. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Adaptive Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Speed Tracking of Switched Reluctance Motor
Authors: Sheng Linhao , Wang Guofeng , Fan Yunsheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, to improve the speed tracking performance of the switched reluctance motor (SRM), a control scheme combining fast terminal sliding mode (FTSM) control and radial basis function (RBF) neural network is proposed. First, the convergence characteristic of the FTSM control is derived, and a basic control scheme is designed to ensure the fast convergence of SRM speed tracking errors. Second, the RBF neural network with adaptive parameters is introduced to replace the equivalent control law, which avoids the requirement for the precise mathematical model information of the system. At the same time, considering the network approximation error and unknown external disturbances, an adaptive control law with variables gain is designed. The chattering phenomenon is suppressed and the robustness of the system is enhanced. The updated law of the controller and the stability of the closed‐loop system are derived based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the simulation and experimental results of the SRM drive system show that the proposed control scheme has an excellent performance in terms of tracking accuracy, response speed, and robustness. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Synthesis of biodegradable PVA/cellulose polymer composites and their application in dye removal
Authors: Sarkhel Rwiddhi , Ganguly Preetha , Das Papita , Bhowal Avijit , Sengupta Shubhalakshmi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmentally sustainable composite films were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose. Cellulose was extracted from the Agro‐waste (sugarcane bagasse) using chemical pre‐treatment followed by the acid‐hydrolysis process. The composites were also used for the treatment of dye (Methylene blue; MB and Crystal violet dye; CV) and it was observed that the removal capacity of PVA/C was 70% for CV and 64.5% for MB dye. The biodegradation study of these composite films was also carried out using bacterial strains isolated from the marine waters of south Bengal. The biodegradation study of these polymer composites was characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA, swelling properties, and weight loss. The results indicated that the PVA/C polymer showed a better rate of degradation (43%) than PVA (35%). Different loading parameters like pH, temperature, and inoculum dosage were studied to assess the degradation of the composite materials. Thus, biodegradable composite films were synthesized utilizing Agro‐waste and had dye removal properties.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in a dachshund with prolonged survival time
Authors: Damian Giovanni , Di Bella Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma is the most common primary renal tumour in dogs. In this case, a 3‐year‐old female dachshund was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma, with high mitotic index (40). Metastatic spread was detected in the lungs in the form of multiple discrete masses. She was treated with nephrectomy, urethrectomy and ovariohysterectomy to remove the primary mass and the surrounding tissue it was invading. This was followed by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (toceranib: Palladia) medication. The patient has been rechecked bi‐monthly, and haematology and biochemistry samples have been taken to monitor for toceranib phosphate adverse reaction. No clinical or biochemical alterations have been noticed in the rechecks performed. A computed tomography was performed 3 years after the initial scan, and the lung masses appear reduced in size. The reported survival times in dogs with mitotic index of less than 30 has been reported to be of 8–9 months, and at the time of writing this case report, the survival time has already been of 36 months.
Die Inhaltsanalyse im Forschungsfeld der Risikoberichterstattung
Authors: Post Senja , Wegner Jana Kim 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungAnalysen der Risikoberichterstattung liegen in der Regel zwei Fragestellungen zugrunde: Wie angemessen ist die Darstellung von Risiken in den Medien und wie werden Risiken in den Medien konstruiert? Diese Fragestellungen überschneiden sich, sind aber nicht deckungsgleich. Die erste Fragestellung basiert auf der Voraussetzung, dass wissenschaftliche oder statistische Risikoinformationen vorliegen.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Video Games
Authors: Wulf Tim , Possler Daniel , Breuer Johannes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of content-analytical research on video games. We introduce existing and emerging constructs commonly studied in content analyses of video games (e.g., violence, sexism), review methodological challenges, and discuss how research so far has dealt with them. We also offer suggestions for future directions for content analyses of video games, both in terms of the constructs and games studied as well as the methods applied.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Incivility and Hate Speech in Online Communication
Authors: Esau Katharina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe origins of research on incivility and hate speech can be traced back to the question of what qualities public communication should have in order to establish and maintain a democratic society. Democracy and public sphere theorists have presented different answers to this question and accordingly developed different concepts of civility. Incivility is a controversial concept associated with a wide spectrum of behaviors. Based on the different theoretical concepts, different indicators of incivility have been used. This chapter summarizes previous theoretical approaches and provides an overview of existing content analytic studies of incivility in online user-generated communication.
Content Analysis in the Research on Reporting Styles
Authors: Klein Miriam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe content analysis of reporting styles enables a rough characterization of the journalistic content with regard to the news format (news stories, commentaries, feature journalism, interviews) as well as an evaluation of the journalistic style in terms of content and language. This latter question of how content is presented encompasses many research traditions and refers, for example, to the objectivity norm, horse race coverage, storytelling or news softening. The present chapter provides a brief overview of news formats and content-related or stylistic journalistic reporting styles and discusses possible further research questions and designs as well as the contribution of automated content analysis in this field.
Soft integrals and soft anomalous dimensions at N3LO and beyond
Authors: Duhr Claude , Mistlberger Bernhard , Vita Gherardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We calculate soft phase-space and loop master integrals for the computation of color-singlet cross sections through N3LO in perturbative QCD. Our results are functions of homogeneous transcendental weight and include the first nine terms in the expansion in the dimensional regulator ϵ. We discuss the application of our results to the computation of deeply-inelastic scattering and e+e− annihilation processes. We use these results to compute the perturbative coefficient functions for the Drell-Yan and gluon-fusion Higgs boson production cross sections to higher orders in ϵ through N3LO in QCD in the limit where only soft partons are produced on top of the colorless final state. Furthermore, we extract the anomalous dimension of the inclusive threshold soft function and of the N-Jettiness beam and jet functions to N4LO in perturbative QCD.
Constructing CFTs from AdS flows
Authors: Fröb Markus B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the renormalization group flow equations for correlation functions of weakly coupled quantum field theories in AdS. Taking the limit where the external points approach the conformal boundary, we obtain a flow of conformally invariant correlation functions. We solve the flow for one- and two-point functions and show that the corrections to the conformal dimensions can be obtained as an integral over the Mellin amplitude of the four-point function. We also derive the flow of the Mellin amplitude for higher n-point functions. We then consider the flows at tree level and one loop (in AdS), and show that one obtains exactly the recursion relations for the corresponding Mellin amplitudes derived earlier by Fitzpatrick et al. [1] at tree level and Yuan [2, 3] at one loop. As an application, we furthermore compute one-loop corrections to the conformal dimensions for some operators in the CFT dual to an O(N) scalar model in AdS.