bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible-Light-Induced Organocatalyzed [2+1] Cyclization of Alkynes and (Trifluoroacetyl)silanes
Authors: Shen Xiao , Zhou Gang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of common cyclopropenes has been widely studied, but the synthesis of cyclopropenols is a significant challenge. Here, we highlight our recent work on the synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopropenols through a [2+1] cycloaddition reaction between alkynes and (trifluoroacetyl)silanes under visible-light-induced organocatalysis. The novel amphiphilic donor–acceptor carbenes derived from (trifluoroacetyl)silanes can react effectively with both activated and nonactivated alkynes. A broad substrate scope and a good functional-group tolerance have been achieved. Moreover, the synthetic potential of this reaction was highlighted by a gram-scale reaction and the one-pot diastereoselective synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopropanols.
Calciphylaxis and Ulcerative Lesions of Bilateral Nipple–Areolar Complex Due to Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Jha Anamika , Shrivastav Shreya , Kasyap Akhilesh K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen faced with eczematous lesions involving the nipple–areolar complex (NAC), Paget's disease is assumed to be the diagnosis, anything else being considered a “Zebra” necessitating its exclusion on pathology. A middle-aged lady presented with synchronous asymmetrical ulceration of bilateral NAC with pleomorphic calcifications on mammography and simultaneous extensive vascular calcification in bilateral breasts that suggested systemic cause. Calciphylaxis is a rare diagnosis occurring usually due to underlying end-stage renal disease or hyperparathyroidism. There are very few case reports of calciphylaxis due to alcoholic liver disease and no cases to the best of our knowledge involving NAC. We report an extremely rare case of breast and NAC calciphylaxis due to alcoholic liver disease, highlighting need to consider benign etiology when bilateral involvement is present.
Role of Transcutaneous Perianal Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Perianal Fistulae with MRI Correlation
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Jai Inder , Singh Gauravdeep 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of transcutaneous perianal ultrasonography (TPUS) in patients with perianal fistula and to correlate the findings with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as gold standard.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study included patients who presented with suspicion of perianal fistula. After clinical examination, TPUS and MRI of perianal region were performed on each of them. Clockwise position of internal opening of the fistula was described. The entire length of the tract was evaluated up to the external opening. Also, any ramifications along the primary tract were described. Parks et al and St James's University Hospital MR Imaging Classification of Perianal Fistulas were used for classifying the fistulas.
Results: Out of total 37 patients, the most common age group of presenting individuals was 45 to 60 years with male to female ratio of 6.4:1. There was excellent agreement between TPUS and MRI for detecting primary fistulous tract with kappa correlation coefficient of 1. The kappa correlation coefficient for detecting secondary fistulous tracts and abscess on TPUS and MRI was 0.839 and 0.937 showing excellent agreement. Moderate agreement was seen with kappa correlation coefficient of 0.839 in the detection of internal opening on TPUS and MRI.
Conclusion: TPUS showed promising results in diagnosis and classification of perianal fistulae with MRI as gold standard. A wide availability, cost-effectiveness, and better tolerability of TPUS can make it an imaging modality of first choice for evaluating perianal fistulae.
Pesticides and formulations.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye, II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This chapter provides key questions (and answers) on pesticides and formulations used in urban pest management. There are thousands of pesticide products that can be selected for use, and there are also many types of pesticide formulations to choose from. Insecticide mode of action is very important for understanding how an insecticide works to kill an insect pest and how to rotate insecticides, so insect resistance is avoided. Some of the important groups of insecticides and their modes of action are mentioned.
Integrated pest management.
Authors: Dhang Partho , Koehler Philip , Pereira Roberto , Dye II Daniel D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the integration and application of various monitoring and intervention methods to keep check on pest populations (integrated pest management; IPM), which usually involves a combination of numerous methods, such as non-chemical tools, barriers, education and correct pesticide use. The benefits associated with the use of IPM in urban pest control are also discussed.
Change in effectiveness of mammography screening with decreasing breast cancer mortality: a population-based study
Authors: Christiansen Søren R , Autier Philippe , Støvring Henrik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Reductions in breast cancer mortality observed over the last three decades are partly due to improved patient management, which may erode the benefit-harm balance of mammography screening.

Methods
We estimated the numbers of women needed to invite (NNI) to prevent one breast cancer death within 10 years. Four scenarios of screening effectiveness (5–20% mortality reduction) were applied on 10,580 breast cancer deaths among Norwegian women aged 50–75 years from 1986 to 2016. We used three scenarios of overdiagnosis (10–40% excess breast cancers during screening period) for estimating ratios of numbers of overdiagnosed breast cancers for each breast cancer death prevented.

Results
Under the base case scenario of 20% breast cancer mortality reduction and 20% overdiagnosis, the NNI rose from 731 (95% CI: 644–830) women in 1996 to 1364 (95% CI: 1181–1577) women in 2016, while the number of women with overdiagnosed cancer for each breast cancer death prevented rose from 3.2 in 1996 to 5.4 in 2016. For a mortality reduction of 8.7%, the ratio of overdiagnosed breast cancers per breast cancer death prevented rose from 7.4 in 1996 to 14.0 in 2016. For a mortality reduction of 5%, the ratio rose from 12.8 in 1996 to 25.2 in 2016.

Conclusions
Due to increasingly potent therapeutic modalities, the benefit in terms of reduced breast cancer mortality declines while the harms, including overdiagnosis, are unaffected. Future improvements in breast cancer patient management will further deteriorate the benefit–harm ratio of screening.
Effectiveness of 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Medically At-Risk Children in Australia: A Record Linkage Study
Authors: Kabir Alamgir , Newall Anthony T , Randall Deborah , Moore Hannah C , Jayasinghe Sanjay , Fathima Parveen , Liu Bette , McIntyre Peter , Gidding Heather F 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Children with chronic medical conditions are at higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but little is known about the effectiveness of the primary course of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in these children.

Methods
A cohort born in 2001–2004 from two Australian states and identified as medically at-risk (MAR) of IPD either using ICD-coded hospitalizations (with conditions of interest identified by 6 months of age) or linked perinatal data (for prematurity) were followed to age 5 years for notified IPD by serotype. We categorized fully vaccinated children as either receiving PCV dose 3 by &lt;12 months of age or ≥1 PCV dose at ≥12 months of age. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for confounders, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as (1-HR) × 100.

Results
A total of 9220 children with MAR conditions had 53 episodes of IPD (43 vaccine-type); 4457 (48.3%) were unvaccinated and 4246 (46.1%) were fully vaccinated, with 1371 (32.3%) receiving dose 3 by 12 months and 2875 (67.7%) having ≥1 dose at ≥12 months. Estimated VE in fully vaccinated children was 85.9% (95% CI: 33.9–97.0) against vaccine-type IPD and 71.5% (95% CI: 26.6–88.9) against all-cause IPD.

Conclusion
This is the first population-based study evaluating the effectiveness of PCV in children with MAR conditions using record linkage. Our study provides evidence that the VE for vaccine-type and all-cause IPD in MAR children in Australia is high and not statistically different from previously reported estimates for the general population. This method can be replicated in other countries to evaluate VE in MAR children.
Radio spectra of protostellar jets: Thermal and non-thermal emission
Authors: Mohan Sreelekshmi , Vig S , Mandal S 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Protostellar jets and outflows are pointers of star-formation and serve as important sources of momentum and energy transfer to the interstellar medium. Radio emission from ionized jets have been detected towards a number of protostellar objects. In few cases, negative spectral indices and polarized emission have also been observed suggesting the presence of synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons. In this work, we develop a numerical model that incorporates both thermal free–free and non-thermal synchrotron emission mechanisms in the jet geometry. The flux densities include contribution from an inner thermal jet, and a combination of emission from thermal and non-thermal distributions along the edges and extremities, where the jet interacts with the interstellar medium. We also include the effect of varying ionization fraction laterally across the jet. An investigation of radio emission and spectra along the jet shows the dependence of the emission process and optical depth along the line of sight. We explore the effect of various parameters on the turnover frequencies and the radio spectral indices (between 10 MHz and 300 GHz) associated with them.
New constraints on anisotropic expansion from supernovae Type Ia
Authors: Rahman W , Trotta R , Boruah S S , Hudson M J , van Dyk D A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We re-examine the contentious question of constraints on anisotropic expansion from Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) in the light of a novel determination of peculiar velocities, which are crucial to test isotropy with SNe out to distances ⪝200h-1 Mpc. We re-analyse the Joint Light-Curve Analysis (JLA) Supernovae (SNe) data, improving on previous treatments of peculiar velocity corrections and their uncertainties (both statistical and systematic) by adopting state-of-the-art flow models constrained independently via the 2M++ galaxy redshift compilation. We also introduce a novel procedure to account for colour-based selection effects, and adjust the redshift of low-z SNe self-consistently in the light of our improved peculiar velocity model. We adopt the Bayesian hierarchical model BAHAMAS to constrain a dipole in the distance modulus in the context of the Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model and the deceleration parameter in a phenomenological Cosmographic expansion. We do not find any evidence for anisotropic expansion, and place a tight upper bound on the amplitude of a dipole, |Dμ| &lt; 5.93 × 10−4 (95 per cent credible interval) in a ΛCDM setting, and $|D_{q_0}| \lt 6.29 \times 10^{-2}$ in the Cosmographic expansion approach. Using Bayesian model comparison, we obtain posterior odds in excess of 900:1 (640:1) against a constant-in-redshift dipole for ΛCDM (the Cosmographic expansion). In the isotropic case, an accelerating universe is favoured with odds of ∼1100:1 with respect to a decelerating one.
The Quest for Orthologs orthology benchmark service in 2022
Authors: Nevers Yannis , Jones Tamsin E M , Jyothi Dushyanth , Yates Bethan , Ferret Meritxell , Portell-Silva Laura , Codo Laia , Cosentino Salvatore , Marcet-Houben Marina , Vlasova Anna , Poidevin Laetitia , Kress Arnaud , Hickman Mark , Persson Emma , Piližota Ivana , Guijarro-Clarke Cristina ,   the OpenEBench team the Quest for Orthologs Consortium, Altenhoff Adrian , Bruford Elspeth A , Cosentino Salvatore , Dessimoz Christophe , Ebersberger Ingo , Emms David M , Gabaldón Toni , Glover Natasha , Guijarro-Clarke Cristina , Hickman Mark , Hu Yanhui , Iwasaki Wataru , Jones Tamsin E M , Jyothi Dushyanth , Kress Arnaud , Lecompte Odile , Linard Benjamin , Marcet-Houben Marina , Martin Maria J , Nevers Yannis , Persson Emma , Piližota Ivana , Poidevin Laetitia , Roos David S , Sonhammer Erik , Thomas Paul D , Thybert David , Vandepoele Klaas , Vlasova Anna , Yates Bethan , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Codó Laia , Ferret Meritxell , Gonzalez-Uriarte Asier , Garrayo-Ventas Javier , Portell-Silva Laura , Repchevsky Dmitry , Sundesha Vicky , Iwasaki Wataru , Lecompte Odile , Sonnhammer Erik , Roos David S , Gabaldón Toni , Thybert David , Thomas Paul D , Hu Yanhui , Emms David M , Bruford Elspeth , Capella-Gutierrez Salvador , Martin Maria J , Dessimoz Christophe , Altenhoff Adrian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Orthology Benchmark Service (https://orthology.benchmarkservice.org) is the gold standard for orthology inference evaluation, supported and maintained by the Quest for Orthologs consortium. It is an essential resource to compare existing and new methods of orthology inference (the bedrock for many comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis) over a standard dataset and through common procedures. The Quest for Orthologs Consortium is dedicated to maintaining the resource up to date, through regular updates of the Reference Proteomes and increasingly accessible data through the OpenEBench platform. For this update, we have added a new benchmark based on curated orthology assertion from the Vertebrate Gene Nomenclature Committee, and provided an example meta-analysis of the public predictions present on the platform.
GenePlexus: a web-server for gene discovery using network-based machine learning
Authors: Mancuso Christopher A , Bills Patrick S , Krum Douglas , Newsted Jacob , Liu Renming , Krishnan Arjun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Biomedical researchers take advantage of high-throughput, high-coverage technologies to routinely generate sets of genes of interest across a wide range of biological conditions. Although these technologies have directly shed light on the molecular underpinnings of various biological processes and diseases, the list of genes from any individual experiment is often noisy and incomplete. Additionally, interpreting these lists of genes can be challenging in terms of how they are related to each other and to other genes in the genome. In this work, we present GenePlexus (https://www.geneplexus.net/), a web-server that allows a researcher to utilize a powerful, network-based machine learning method to gain insights into their gene set of interest and additional functionally similar genes. Once a user uploads their own set of human genes and chooses between a number of different human network representations, GenePlexus provides predictions of how associated every gene in the network is to the input set. The web-server also provides interpretability through network visualization and comparison to other machine learning models trained on thousands of known process/pathway and disease gene sets. GenePlexus is free and open to all users without the need for registration.
A Sense of Being Needed: A Phenomenological Analysis of Hospital-Based Rehabilitation Professionals’ Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: van Oorsouw Roel , Oerlemans Anke , Klooster Emily , van den Berg Manon , Kalf Johanna , Vermeulen Hester , Graff Maud , van den Wees Philip , Koenders Niek 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore lived experiences of rehabilitation professionals working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the ethical issues and moral distress that these professionals might have encountered.

Methods
An interpretative phenomenological study was performed. First-person experiences of rehabilitation professionals (dieticians, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech-language therapists) were collected with semi-structured interviews and analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results
The data of 39 hospital-based rehabilitation professionals revealed 4 themes: a disease with great impact, personal health and safety, staying human in chaotic times, and solidarity and changing roles. Participant experiences show that the virus and COVID-19 measures had a significant impact on the in-hospital working environment due to the massive downscaling of regular care, due to infection prevention measures, and due to unknown risks to rehabilitation professionals’ personal health. At the same time, participants experienced a certain freedom, which made room for authentic motives, connection, and solidarity. Participants felt welcomed and appreciated at the COVID-19 wards and intensive care units and were proud that they were able to fulfill their roles. The findings reflect a wide range of situations that were morally complex and led to moral distress.

Conclusion
To diminish the long-lasting negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and moral distress, employers should empathize with the experiences of hospital-based rehabilitation professionals and create conditions for ethical reflection. Our data show that hospital-based rehabilitation professionals value professional autonomy. Creating room for professional autonomy helps them feel needed, connected, and energized. However, the needs of hospital-based rehabilitation professionals may conflict with organizational rules and structures.

Impact
Hospital-based rehabilitation professionals were involved in situations they considered morally undesirable, and they inevitably faced moral distress during the COVID-19 crisis. This study offers rationale and guidance to employers regarding how to reduce the long-term negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rehabilitation professionals.
Mice lacking triglyceride synthesis enzymes in adipose tissue are resistant to diet-induced obesity
Authors: Chitraju Chandramohan , Fischer Alexander W. , Ambaw Yohannes A. , Wang Kun , Yuan Bo , Hui Sheng , Walther Tobias C. , Farese Robert V. 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYTriglycerides (TG) in adipocytes provide the major stores of metabolic energy in the body. Optimal amounts of TG stores are desirable as insufficient capacity to store TG, as in lipodystrophy, or exceeding the capacity for storage, as in obesity, results in metabolic disease. We hypothesized that mice lacking TG storage in adipocytes would result in excess TG storage in cell types other than adipocytes and severe lipotoxicity accompanied by metabolic disease. To test this hypothesis, we selectively deleted both TG-synthesis enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, in adipocytes (ADGAT DKO mice). As expected with depleted energy stores, ADGAT DKO mice did not tolerate fasting well and, with prolonged fasting, entered torpor. However, ADGAT DKO mice were unexpectedly otherwise metabolically healthy and did not accumulate TGs ectopically or develop associated metabolic perturbations, even when fed a high-fat diet. The favorable metabolic phenotype resulted from activation of energy expenditure, in part via BAT activation and beiging of white adipose tissue. Thus, the ADGAT DKO mice provide a fascinating new model to study the coupling of metabolic energy storage to energy expenditure.
M2-polarized macrophages control LSC fate by enhancing stemness, homing, immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Weinhäuser Isabel , Pereira-Martins Diego A. , Almeida Luciana Y. , Hilberink Jacobien R. , Ortiz Cesar , Silveira Douglas R.A. , Quek Lynn , Araujo Cleide L. , Bianco Thiago M , Lucena-Araujo Antonio , Mota Jose Mauricio , Visser Nienke , Hogeling Shanna M. , Diepstra Arjan , Ammatuna Emanuele , Huls Gerwin , Rego Eduardo M. , Schuringa Jan Jacob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile it is increasingly becoming clear that cancers are a symbiosis of diverse cell types and tumor clones, the tumor microenvironment (TME) in acute myeloid leukemias (AML) remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover the functional and prognostic relevance of an M2-polarized macrophage compartment. Intra bone marrow co-injection of M2d-macrophages together with leukemic blasts that fail to engraft on their own now induce fatal leukemia in mice. Even a short-term two-day in vitro exposure to M2d macrophages can “train” leukemic blasts after which cells are protected against phagocytosis, display increased mitochondrial metabolism and improved in vivo homing, resulting in full-blown leukemia. Single-cell RNAseq analysis of AML associated macrophages revealed metabolic-related pathways such as Fatty Acid Oxidation and NAD+ generation as therapeutical targetable vulnerabilities. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms by which the immune landscape contributes to aggressive leukemia development and provides alternatives for effective targeting strategies.
How the response to service incidents change customer–firm relationships
Authors: Simões Coelho Pedro , Rita Paulo , Ramos Ricardo F. 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis paper analyzes previously unmeasured effects of a response to a service incident called “benevolent” within the customer –firm relationship.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was administered to telecommunication customers in a Western European country, and the model was estimated using partial least squares (PLS).FindingsThis study shows that the customer–firm relationship is surprisingly affected by the response to expected incidents that the customer interprets as acts of benevolence or opportunism. This research also shows that the firm's incident response interpreted as benevolence or opportunism has an effect that merely positive or negative events do not. Acts of benevolence response towards an incident positively affect customer–firm relationship quality, and expectations of such acts may lead to an upward spiral in customer commitment.Originality/valueWhile benevolence trust has been proposed and studied before, the response to incidents interpreted as benevolent or opportunistic and their consequences have been under-studied, hence exhibiting a research gap.
Reducing inequality through institutional action: towards a process framework for student transition and support
Authors: Almeida Shamika , Ranabahu Nadeera , Verma Reetu 
Published: May 2022

PurposeMuch of the existing literature note how students' academic difficulties result from their background and lack of cultural capital. This paper aims to focus on internal structural inequality where people with particular backgrounds are disadvantaged within an institution.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a case study approach to understand how an in-built faculty programme, Business for Success (B4S), mitigates institutional inequalities.FindingsThe study’s findings demonstrate that students need services to get accustomed to university, settle in and transition to professional work. Student services are both dependent (such as bridging courses, peer mentoring and internships) and independent (such as ongoing communication, resource loans) on the stage of their studies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to theory and practice by developing a process framework that policymakers could use to design holistic support programmes and improve students' transition to university, learning and professional work.