bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MENGATUR KELAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN “GOOGLE APLICATION FOR EDUCATION” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Munir Fairus Suryani 
Published: March 2022

Pada abad ke 21 bermacam-macam teknologi yang inovatif diperkenalkan untuk mengajarkan berbicara bahasa Inggris didalam kelas.Google Apps for Education adalah salah satu aplikasi bagus yang dapat menolong guru dan siswa berkomunikasi didalam kelas.Penelitian ini mencoba memecahkan dua permasalahan dengan focus pada penelitian ekperimental dengan menjawab dua pertanyaan: (1) Apakah dengan penggunaan Google Apps for Education dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris pada siswa tahun kedua SMA Negeri 1 Parepare?, (2) Bagaimana ketertarikan siswa pada tahun kedua SMA Negeri 1 Negeri Parepare menggunakan Google Apps for Education dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris?. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini,peneliti mengaplikasikan penelitian quasi eksperimental yang didesain dengan menggunakan desain pre-test,post-test control group. Populasi penelitian pada siswa tahun kedua SMA Negeri 1 Parepare yaitu kelas XI sains 1 dan XI sains 2 .Data dibagi menjadi bagian analisa mean score,dan nilai dari uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data,peneliti menemukan, (1) Kemampuan berbicara bahasa Inggris siswa pada tahun kedua SMA Negeri 1 Parepare meningkat signifikan,hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai uji t lebih kecil dari pada nilai t table,nilai uji t (0.000<0.05) nilai t table.Hal ini berarti H1 diterima dan Ho ditolak.Itulah perbedaan antara siswa yang belajar berbicara bahasa Inggris menggunakan Google Apps for Education dan siswa yang tidak belajar menggunakan Google Apps for Education. (2) Pengaplikasian Google Apps for Education juga dapat meningkatkan ketertarikan siswa SMA Negeri 1 Parepare pada tahun kedua dalam belajar berbicara menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Tingkat minatnya sangat tinggi dan dibuktikan dengan hasilnya 100% untuk kategori yang sangat tertarik.
Parents’ View on Accessible School Design for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: KAVAZ Merve 
Published: March 2022

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental difference that is common today and it affects individuals’ behavior and communication. It does not only affect individuals with ASD, but also it affects their immediate surrounding such as their families and teachers. Education has great importance in order to cope with the effects of ASD that continues throughout their lives. For this reason, the suitability of educational places for individuals with ASD is significant, as it may affect their education positively or negatively.
The reason to choose ASD and educational environment as a research subject is because of the significant gap in the discipline of architecture about this topic. In this study, families who have children with ASD in the 5-11 age group and who are constant observer, are evaluated school designs according to various spatial criteria. Evaluation of the suitability of schools that provide basic education to individuals with ASD, may indicate new opinion for school designs in future. Furthermore, this research is a step for filling the important gap related to ASD and architecture. This research is done according to quantitative research methods. Surveys are gained by case study model of research and observation is done by field research model. According to survey answers, some deficiencies of place were noticed as classroom safety is not fully provided, spatial sequencing inadequate, no escape space and ignoring the sensory differences of individuals with ASD. By rectification of these deficiencies, more effective and suitable education for individual with ASD can be provided.
DEFICIENCY OF OUTERPLANAR GRAPHS
Authors: Khachatryan H.H. 
Published: March 2022

An edge-coloring of a graph G with colors $1,2,...,t$ is an interval $t$-coloring, if all colors are used, and the colors of edges incident to each vertex of $G$ are distinct and form an interval of integers. A graph $G$ is interval colorable, if it has an interval $t$-coloring for some positive integer $t$. $def (G)$ denotes the minimum number of pendant edges that should be attached to $G$ to make it interval colorable. In this paper we study interval colorings of outerplanar graphs. In particular, we show that if $G$ is an outerplanar graph, then $def(G) \leq (|V(G)|-2)/(og(G)-2)$, where $og(G)$ is the length of the shortest cycle with odd number of edges in $G$.
DISCONTINUOUS RIEMANN BOUNDARY PROBLEM IN WEIGHTED SPACES
Authors: Petrosyan V.G. 
Published: March 2022

The Riemann boundary problem in weighted spaces $L^1(\rho) $ on $T = {t; |t| = 1}, $ where $\rho(t) =|t -t_0|^\alpha, t_0 \in T$ and $\alpha > -1$, is investigated. The problem is to find analytic functions $\Phi^+(z)$ and $\Phi^-(z)$, $\Phi^-(\infty)= 0$ defined on the interior and exterior domains of $T$ respectively, such that: $\lim_\limits{ r\rightarrow 1-0} ||\Phi^+(rt)-a(t)\Phi^-(r^1t)- f (t)||_{L^1(\rho) }= 0,$ where $f\in L^1(\rho), a(t) \in H_0(T;t_1, t_2,...,t_m)$. The article gives necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of the problem and with explicit form of thr solutions.
OPERATORS ON THE BESOV SPACES OF HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS ON THE UNIT BALL IN $\mathbb{C}^n$
Authors: Harutyunyan A.V. , Lusky W. 
Published: March 2022

In the present paper we consider the Toeplitz-$T_{\bar{h}}^{ \alpha}$ and differentiation-$D^\delta $ operators on the Besov spaces $B_p(\beta)$ for all $0< p<\infty.$ We show that $T_{\bar{h}}^{ \alpha}: B_p(\beta)\rightarrow B_p(\beta)$ for $\bar h\in H^\infty(B^n)$ and $D^\delta :B_p(\beta)\rightarrow B_p(\widetilde\beta)$, where $\widetilde\beta=\beta +p\delta .$
MICROCRÉDITOS EN LA MIPYMES: OPORTUNIDAD O LIMITANTE EN SU CRECIMIENTO EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Antonella Josefina Moreno Mero , Génesis Nicol Mora Qujjije , María Leonor Parrales Poveda 
Published: March 2022

Los microcréditos están dirigidos a ciudadanos con limitada posibilidad de pedir un préstamo en el sistema financiero general. Cumplir con un sinnúmero de requisitos, la acentuada crisis económica por Covid-19, una cultura empresarial inestable por la pandemia, un liderazgo temeroso y sin la preparación idónea para incursionar en el ciberespacio dada la situación actual en el Ecuador, son parte de la problemática que se presentan a la hora de solicitar un microcrédito para el sector de las Mipymes. Por ello, se hace necesario investigar el acceso a fuentes de financiamiento en Mipymes y su impacto en el crecimiento empresarial, considerando que microcréditos son un tipo de préstamo de pequeña cuantía y corta duración que se concede comúnmente a personas con un bajo grado de recursos, no poseen avales y, por consiguiente, son excluidas de la banca clásica. En ese sentido, se consideró el caso de varios bancos nacionales privados y públicos que analizados desde un diseño de investigación tipo descriptivo apoyado en la revisión bibliográfica de las posturas que han surgido en relación a microcréditos muestran su incidencia en el crecimiento de las Mipymes. Los resultados permitieron exponer las bases conceptuales que argumentan las variables de estudio y cómo la banca desde su estructura divisional se ha mostrado ante la crisis de Covid-19, aliviando de alguna manera la presión de las obligaciones crediticias de sus clientes, en un escenario de menor liquidez en los negocios, por la emergencia sanitaria.
Keberkesanan Didik Hibur Terhadap Empati Sejarah dalam kalangan Murid Tahun Empat di Daerah Kota Setar, Kedah
Authors: Ooi Wan Yee , Ahmad Abdul Razaq , Dahalan Shakila Che 
Published: March 2022

Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti keberkesanan teknik didik hibur terhadap empati sejarah yang dinilai dari segi empati peristiwa dan empati tokoh dalam kalangan murid tahun empat di daerah Kota Setar, Kedah. Kajian ini turut mengenal pasti perbezaan empati sejarah dalam kalangan murid kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan bagi ujian pos berdasarkan jantina. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif yang berbentuk kuasi eksperimental. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada 18 orang murid tahun empat. Kumpulan kawalan dan rawatan masing-masing mempunyai sembilan orang murid. Tempoh pelaksanaan kajian ini adalah selama 10 minggu. Instrumen kajian yang digunakan ialah soal selidik. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 26.0 yang melibatkan analisis deskriptif dan inferensi. Kaedah didik hibur ini terbukti berkesan dan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan berbanding dengan pengajaran lazim dalam penerapan empati sejarah dalam kalangan murid. Bagi analisis ujian pos yang menggunakan ujian-t tidak bersandar menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan empati sejarah dalam kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan. Namun, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan empati sejarah dalam kalangan murid kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan berdasarkan jantina bagi ujian pos.
A Strategy to Establish Trees Among High-Density Housing
Authors: Appleyard Hal StG. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh-density housing (HDH) ranks as one of the most hostile of planting environments. The best success rates are realized after the implementation of a planned tree-planting strategy. A strategy converts what is commonly addressed as an annual one-off task into an allencompassing process of events, which when placed into a logical order provide optimal circumstances for ensuring successful tree establishment. The tree-planting strategy developed in Lambeth, United Kingdom, based on observations and consultation with users, has proved to reduce failure rates. It is possible to apply the principles of the strategy developed for HDH to the range of planting environments presented to the tree manager.
Tree Condition Associated with Topping in Southern Illinois Communities
Authors: Karlovich Dean A. , Groninger John W. , Close David D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwenty-seven percent of trees surveyed in southern Illinois communities showed evidence of topping. Topped trees were nearly 3 times more frequently classified as likely to fail structurally than those individuals not subjected to topping. Frequency of broken branches in the crown, evidence of insect or disease infestation, and cavities in the bole were also greater in topped trees. While the design of this study did not allow determination of a cause-and-effect relationship, increased incidence of conditions associated with tree failure was observed in topped versus nontopped trees.
The Effect of Biobarrier®on Mycorrhizae in Oak and Sweetgum
Authors: Jacobs Karel , Rao Bill , Jeffers Brian , Danielson Donna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of Biobarrier®herbicide-impregnated barrier fabric (Reemay, Inc., P.O. Box 511, Old Hickory, TN 37138-3651) on mycorrhizae occurrence was assessed on established pin oak (Quercus palustris) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees. Trenches were dug through 24 tree root systems, and in 12 of the root systems, trenches were lined with Biobarrier. Seventeen months later roots were collected from within and adjacent to the trenches. Microscopic examination revealed that ectomycorrhizae occurred on roots of all 12 oak trees, regardless of the presence or absence of the barrier fabric. Similarly, roots from all sweetgum trees, except for 1 control tree (no barrier fabric), had vesicular endomycorrhizae.
A Productivity Timing System for Tree Climbing Training
Authors: Zillmer Ronald E. , Boeder Jeffrey L. , Genich Kevin G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe City of Milwaukee Forestry Division manages more than 200,000 street trees and 120 mi (193 km) of landscaped boulevards. Tree pruning is a major operation that accounts for the pruning of more than 58,000 trees per year, with a majority of such work done by rope and saddle. Our program for current and newly hired employees consists of intense training during a 6-month probationary period. The cornerstone of this training program is based on building climbing proficiency and demonstrating the ability to prune a predetermined number of trees per day within certain size classes. To refine our climbing training program, we developed a unique productivity timing system utilizing a pruning study conducted by the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point in 1992. Over 50% of our current urban forestry specialists (arborists) have been trained under this timing system. A detailed account of the evolution of our system of tree climbing training and productivity assessment will be presented and should be applicable to other urban forestry programs around the world.
Cultural Background and Landscape History as Factors Affecting Perceptions of the Urban Forest
Authors: Fraser Evan D.G. , Kenney W. Andrew 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBecause a large proportion of the urban forest grows on private property, it is necessary to have broad community support for urban forestry. As people from all over the world live in Canadian cities, it was hypothesized that people with different cultural backgrounds would have different perceptions of the urban forest. This hypothesis was tested by (1) researching different landscaping traditions; (2) interviewing members of four different communities; and (3) conducting vegetation inventories. Inventory and interview data provided a consistent picture of the four communities. The British community reacted the most positively to shade trees. They also expressed the greatest willingness to plant shade trees, had the most shade trees per square meter on their properties, and were the only group that liked naturalized parks (hiking paths). The Chinese community showed less yard maintenance than the other communities, and many of the Chinese indicated that they did not want to add trees to their property. The Chinese responded more favorably than the other groups to photographs depicting landscapes free of trees. Italian and Portuguese communities emphasized fruit trees and vegetable gardens, and responded negatively toward shade trees when these were in conflict with their gardens. These cultural differences are largely consistent with the traditional use of trees in British, Mediterranean and Chinese landscaping, and appear to be maintained among North American immigrant populations.
Effects of Horticultural Oil and Foliaror Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticides on Euonymus Scale in Pachysandra
Authors: Sadof Clifford S. , Sclar D. Casey 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe relative abilities of horticultural oil, acephate, and imidacloprid to control euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi) throughout the canopy of Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) were compared. Distribution of scales and the level of parasitism were also determined. Horticultural oil gave the greatest level of control (99%) when applied in the dormant season followed by an application that targeted mobile stages of the insects during the summer. Summer applications of acephate gave good control (66%), while imidacloprid was not effective. Most of the live and parasitized scales were observed in the middle and basal portions of the plant canopy. Rates of parasitized scales never exceeded 25% in the control plots. Rates of parasitism were too low to distinguish differences among rates of parasitism in the 4 treatments.
Vegetation Management Along Transmission Utility Lines in the United States and Canada
Authors: Sulak Joseph A. , Kielbaso J. James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA survey investigating vegetation control methods along transmission rights-of-way was sent to 220 Utility Arborist Association companies. The survey contained questions regarding right-of-way characteristics, control methods used, total dollars spent on vegetation management, and priorities of the vegetation management program. The ROW area reported represented over 48% of all the investor-owned ROWs over 39 Kv in service throughout the United States. More than 75% of the respondents reported using herbicides on their rights-of-way. However, acres treated mechanically outnumbered those treated chemically by a margin of 2.7:1. Garlon 3A and Garlon 4 topped all herbicides, with a combined 220,574 projected gal (834,961 L) of the estimated 549,869 gal (2,081,474 L) of herbicide applied to transmission rights-of-way in 1995. It appears that quite low levels of active ingredients are being applied per acre. Basal, high-volume foliar, and low-volume foliar with a backpack or handgun applications accounted for approximately 75% of the acres of transmission ROWs treated with herbicides.
Growth and Morphology Differ Between Wind-Exposed Families ofSorbus aucuparia(L.)
Authors: Sæbø Arne , Johnsen Øystein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRowan (Sorbus aucuparia), a small and decorative tree with widespread distribution throughout Norway and Europe, is well suited for growth on street verges, parks, and urban woodlands. With a better knowledge of the genetic variation of its important traits, good genotypes could be selected and the appearance of the trees thus improved. The objective of this study was to describe the variation in growth, morphology, and phenology of rowan between and within seed sources and at different wind exposures. Seeds were collected from 10 to 15 trees within each of six populations in a small area of 1,300 km2(500 mi2) along the southwestern coast of Norway. Three populations were wind-exposed and three were sheltered. From each of the 78 mother trees included, 30 half-siblings were planted in the field at the Særheim Research Centre (58.8°N, 5.5°E). Height growth, stem diameter, number of stems and branches, branch angle, and growth start and termination were recorded annually in five successive years. Large differences in most traits (estimated heritabilities varied from 0.14 to 1.0) were found among families within the stands. However, no important differences could be observed between progenies from wind-exposed trees and those from sheltered trees, and differences among stands were only minor. The results are discussed in relation to the climatic adaptation of rowan and how this plant material can be used in urban settings.
Carbon Storage by Utility-Compatible Trees
Authors: Johnson Andra D. , Gerhold Henry D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUrban trees can favorably affect factors underlying global warming by storing carbon and by reducing energy needed for cooling and heating buildings. To estimate the amount of carbon stored by smaller types of urban trees, excluding leaves and roots, standardized measurements were taken to determine wood density, wood volume, and dry weight of selected samples ofAmelanchier, Malus, Pyrus calleryana, andSyringa reticulatacultivars. Wood density as defined by specific weight ranged from 0.53 to 0.64 g/cm3for all genera. Densities at two upper trunk positions were significantly different from those at the base. The wood density ofSyringa reticulatawas significantly less than the other genera. Regression analyses of wood weight based on height and diameter of trees up to 12 cm (4.7 in.) dbh indicated a linear relationship inAmelanchier, but curvilinear (not linear) equations explained more of the variation inMalusandPyrus. Smaller trees, those 2.3 to 4.9 cm dbh, typically stored between 2.1 and 2.3 kg of carbon in trunks and branches; trees between 5.0 and 7.9 cm stored between 8.4 and 15.1 kg, and trees larger than 8.0 cm up to 11.7 cm stored between 24.5 and 37.5 kg of carbon. The narrow-crownedPyrus calleryana‘Capital’ stored considerably lower amounts of carbon than the other Pyruscalleryanacultivars. These estimates may be increased by 22% to add carbon stored in roots, according to other studies.
Effect of Basement Sump Pump Effluent on the Growth and Physiology of Urban Black Ash and Green Ash Ornamental Trees
Authors: Lait Cameron G. , Saelim Suomal , Zwiazek Janusz J. , Zheng Yao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of basement sump pump effluent discharge in proximity to boulevards and ornamental trees was studied at several sites near Edmonton, Alberta, Canada throughout the summer of 1996. The growth, leaf petiole water potentials, and gas exchange of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) and green ash (F. pennsylvanica) trees were measured at sites with and without nearby sump pump effluent discharge. Black ash trees had higher mortality, altered water relations, and significantly lower caliper increase at the site with sump pump effluent discharge compared to trees at the site without effluent discharge. Green ash trees situated away from sump pump effluent discharge had significantly greater caliper increase than trees situated near effluent discharge. Furthermore, salt injury symptoms were observed on both species of trees located at sites with nearby effluent discharge. Our results demonstrate the importance of monitoring sump pump effluent discharge and its effects on boulevard ornamental trees in areas where soils are poorly drained or contain high levels of salts. It is recommended that basement sump pump effluent discharge hoses should be positioned away from boulevards and ornamental trees.
A Study Of CTLA Formula Values
Authors: Watson Gary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAppraisal records dating from 1980 to 1995 were acquired from 51 casualty loss appraisers (usually for privately owned trees) and 24 municipal inventories (primarily for street trees). The final database consisted of 3,966 casualty loss appraisals and 129,880 inventory appraisals. The data from this study were used to develop a reference table of tree appraisal values grouped by size and species classes. The table does not eliminate the need to use the formula, but it does provide an individual an opportunity to compare his or her appraised values to values of similar trees. Appraised values of inventory trees were significantly higher (P< 0.001) than values of casualty loss trees. The difference is partially explained by larger size and higher location rating of inventory trees. The average condition of all the trees appraised was rated as fair.
Persistence of moist plumes from overshooting convection in the Asian monsoon anticyclone
Authors: Khaykin Sergey M. , Moyer Elizabeth , Krämer Martina , Clouser Benjamin , Bucci Silvia , Legras Bernard , Lykov Alexey , Afchine Armin , Cairo Francesco , Formanyuk Ivan , Mitev Valentin , Matthey Renaud , Rolf Christian , Singer Clare E. , Spelten Nicole , Volkov Vasiliy , Yushkov Vladimir , Stroh Fred 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) represents one of the
wettest regions in the lower stratosphere (LS) and is a key contributor to
the global annual maximum in LS water vapour. While the AMA wet pool is
linked with persistent convection in the region and horizontal confinement
of the anticyclone, there remain ambiguities regarding the role of
tropopause-overshooting convection in maintaining the regional LS water
vapour maximum. This study tackles this issue using a unique set of
observations from aboard the high-altitude M55-Geophysica aircraft deployed
in Nepal in summer 2017 within the EU StratoClim project. We use a
combination of airborne measurements (water vapour, ice water, water
isotopes, cloud backscatter) together with ensemble trajectory modelling
coupled with satellite observations to characterize the processes
controlling water vapour and clouds in the confined lower stratosphere (CLS)
of the AMA. Our analysis puts in evidence the dual role of overshooting
convection, which may lead to hydration or dehydration depending on the
synoptic-scale tropopause temperatures in the AMA. We show that all of the
observed CLS water vapour enhancements are traceable to convective events
within the AMA and furthermore bear an isotopic signature of the overshooting
process. A surprising result is that the plumes of moist air with mixing
ratios nearly twice the background level can persist for weeks whilst
recirculating within the anticyclone, without being subject to irreversible
dehydration through ice settling. Our findings highlight the importance of
convection and recirculation within the AMA for the transport of water into the
stratosphere.