bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 1% malic acid spray on diabetes mellitus‐induced xerostomia: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Muhamed Shaimaa A. , Moussa Eglal M. , Aboasy Noha K. , Gaweesh Yasmin Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of topical sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid in the treatment of xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and MethodsA randomized double‐blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia. Patients were assigned equally to test group who received a topical sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid and control group who received a placebo spray. Both groups were instructed to use the spray on demand for 2 weeks. The Summated Xerostomia Inventory‐Dutch Version questionnaire (SXI‐D) and the unstimulated salivary flow rate were evaluated for all patients at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after malic acid/placebo application.ResultsAt 2 week's follow‐up, the unstimulated salivary flow rate increased significantly from 0.059 ± 0.024 to 0.191 ± 0.064 and from 0.055 ± 0.026 to 0.078 ± 0.032 for test and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference favoring the test group. SXI‐D scores showed a significant decrease from 10.73 ± 2.22 to 8.38 ± 2.28 in the test group (p < 0.05), while in the control group it decreased from 10.62 ± 1.75 to 10.23 ± 1.48 (p > 0.05).ConclusionA sialogogue spray containing 1% malic acid increased the unstimulated salivary flow rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from xerostomia.
Systemic immune‐inflammation index in patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis
Authors: Mishra Supriya , Johnson Lynn , Gazala M. P. , Dahiya Sheetal , Rahman Waheda , Sreeraj V. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesSystemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) is a novel, inflammatory biomarker whose role in predicting several chronic systemic diseases has been recently identified. However, its association with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults remains unknown.Material and MethodsThe study is a multicentered, double‐blind, hospital‐based case–control clinical study. Periodontal examination comprised of recording plaque index, sites with bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss for patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis and periodontally healthy group. Complete blood counts were obtained and used for calculating SII, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio. Collected data were then subjected to statistical analyses.ResultsSII was significantly higher in patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy individuals (723.87 vs. 537.74 × 109/L, p < 0.0001). SII is associated with severe periodontitis in young adults (odds ratio [OR]:11.86, 95% CI 9.61–20.76, p < 0.0001) after adjusting for factors found significant in univariate analysis. Receiver operative curve analysis demonstrated a fair predictive validity of SII in detecting generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults (AUC: 0.766, 95%CI 0.731–0.799, p < 0.0001, sensitivity 81.27%, specificity 76.50% and diagnostic accuracy 78.89%). SII did not exhibit superior predictive validity when compared with NLR in the context of generalized stage III grade C periodontitis (AUC for SII: 0.766, 95%CI 0.731–0.799, AUC for NLR: 0.788, 95% CI 0.754–0.819; p = 0.28).ConclusionSII is associated with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults.
Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Blood Management during a High Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Fang Qian , Zhang Zhen , Wang Dong , Wang Limin , Xiong Wei , Tang Yunfeng , Liu Wenzheng , Wang Guanglin 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of tranexamic acid for blood management during high tibial osteotomy (HTO). A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library database. Six studies and 208 patients were included in this meta‐analysis using Review Manager V.5.3 and Stata 15.1 software. For primary outcomes, tranexamic acid lowered the total blood loss (WMD = –219.47, 95% CI [−355.61, −83.33], P = 0.002). For secondary outcomes, a significant reduction was found for decreased hemoglobin (POD1: WMD = –9.86, 95% CI [−13.45, −6.28], P < 0.05; POD2: WMD = –8.41, 95% CI [−11.50, −5.32], P < 0.05; POD5: WMD = –11.48, 95% CI [−14.56, −8.39], P < 0.05) and drainage (total: WMD = –105.93, 95% CI [−187.08, −24.78], P < 0.05; POD1: WMD = –122.195, 95% CI [−168.902, −75.488], P < 0.05). The sex difference (male/female ratio) was determined (total blood loss: P = 0.025; total drainage amount: p = 0.018) using meta‐regression analysis. Females benefited more from tranexamic acid in terms of total blood loss (M/F > 40%: WMD = –53.11, 95% CI [−100.16, −6.05], P = 0.03; 40% ≥ M/F ≥ 20%: WMD = –362.20, 95% CI [−423.96, −300.45], P < 0.05; M/F < 20%: WMD = –263.00, 95% CI [−277.17, −248.83], P < 0.05) and total drainage (M/F > 40%: WMD = –7.11, 95% CI [−10.75, −3.47], P < 0.05; 40% ≥ M/F ≥ 20%: WMD = –104.72, 95% CI [−155.36, −54.08], P < 0.05; M/F < 20%: WMD = –222.00, 95% CI [−297.42, −146.58], P < 0.05). No significant differences were found for drainage on POD2 and POD3, wound complications, orthromboembolic events. In conclusion, tranexamic acid is effective and safe for blood management during HTO. Females appeared to benefit more from it, and an additional postoperative dose is suggested fora better effect.
The Toxicity and Antibacterial Effects of Povidone‐Iodine Irrigation in Fracture Surgery
Authors: Wang Dong , Huang Xinli , Lv Wenrui , Zhou Junlin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveSurgical site infection is a common complication of surgery, especially in orthopedics. Povidone‐Iodine (PI) is one of the oldest and most commonly used disinfectants in surgery. However, the toxicity and antimicrobial effect of PI have not been discussed. In addition, no study has explored the optimum PI concentration for sterilization and tissue healing. This study explores the germicidal efficacy of different concentrations PI, in addition, the toxicity and antibacterial effects of PI irrigation in fracture surgery are also discussed.MethodsMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were used to evaluate the germicidal efficacy of PI in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the effects of PI on bacterial growth were analyzed. 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.05%, 0.025%, 0.005%, 0.0025% and 0% PI was added into the bacterial suspension, besides, the bacterial algebra and growth rate were tested. Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity of viable bacteria was also tested to evaluate the effects of PI on bacterial survival. In vivo, first, femoral fracture with wound infection rat models were established. Second, thyroid gland sections, blood thyroxine, urinary iodine, wound local skin, muscle and bone tissue sections, serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase, serum and bone local tissue interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1) were detected in rat femoral shaft fracture model with 5%, 2.5%, 0.5%, 0.05%, and 0% PI irrigation. Third, tissue bacteria culture was tested in rat femoral fracture with wound infection model with different concentrations PI irrigation.ResultsIn vitro, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.5% PI inhibited the growth of bacteria. 1.25%, 0.5% PI killed all the bacteria, while 0.25%, 0.05% PI had not killed bacteria after about 10 min. The iodine absorption of 5%, 2.5%, 0.5% PI irrigation did not cause thyroid injury. The 5%, 2.5%, 0.5% PI irrigation did not make serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase abnormal and can remove bacteria from wounds. The 0.5%, 2.5% PI irrigation can promote tissue healing and increase BMP‐2, VEGF, TGF‐β1, IL‐10, in addition, decrease IL‐6. 5% PI irrigation would inhibit tissue healing, and increase IL‐6, decrease BMP‐2, VEGF, TGF‐β1, IL‐10.ConclusionsPovidone‐Iodine was a widely used disinfectant and 2.5%, 1.25% and 0.5% PI could effectively kill bacteria. Five percent and lower concentration PI irrigation was safe and could not cause thyroid, kidney and liver damage. The 0.5% PI irrigation was beneficial for tissue healing but 5% PI irrigation was the opposite.
Recurrent haploid selection in a population of sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata)
Authors: Aichholz Charlotte , Becker Heiko C. , Horneburg Bernd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecurrent haploid selection is based on the phenotype of haploid plants. This selection method was reported to be very effective because of the high selection pressure. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of five generations of recurrent haploid selection on a sweet corn population developed by intercrossing 40 hybrid cultivars. We compared the initial population, five cycles of recurrent haploid selection, and mass selection after five cycles in six environments. The results indicated that recurrent haploid selection had no positive effect on yield or quality. For the traits tillering, tip fill, total yield and total number of ears, significant changes from cycle to cycle were observed but in differing directions. The performance per se of single haploid plants has probably a low correlation to their combining ability in a population. Positive mass selection of the best ears resulted in no improvement of total yield, a reduction of marketable yield and about 2‐day delay of flowering. In conclusion, recurrent haploid selection based on the phenotype of individual plants was not an efficient method to improve the sweet corn population investigated.
Ectomycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal rhizosphere fungi increase root‐derived C input to soil and modify enzyme activities: A 14C pulse labelling of Picea abies seedlings
Authors: Zhou Jie , Gube Matthias , Holz Maire , Song Bin , Shan Immo , Shi Lingling , Kuzyakov Yakov , Dippold Michaela A. , Pausch Johanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsequences of interactions between ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) and non‐mycorrhizal rhizosphere fungi (NMRF) for plant carbon (C) allocation belowground and nutrient cycling in soil remain unknown. To address this topic, we performed a mesocosm study with Norway spruce seedlings [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] inoculated with EcMF, NMRF, or a mixture of both (MIX). 14CO2 pulse labelling of spruce was applied to trace and visualize the 14C incorporation into roots, rhizohyphosphere and hyphosphere. Activities and localization of enzymes involved in the C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling were visualized using zymography. Spruce seedlings inoculated with EcMF and NMRF allocated more C to soils (EcMF: 10.7%; NMRF: 3.5% of total recovered C) compared to uninoculated control seedlings. The 14C activity in the hyphosphere was highest for EcMF and lowest for NMRF. In the presence of both, NMRF and EcMF (MIX), the 14C activity was 64% lower compared with EcMF inoculation alone. This suggests a suppressed C allocation via EcMF likely due to the competition between EcMF and NMRF for N and P. Furthermore, we observed 57% and 49% higher chitinase and leucine‐aminopeptidase activities in the rhizohyphosphere of EcMF compared to the uninoculated control, respectively. In contrast, β‐glucosidase activity (14.3 nmol cm−2 h−1) was highest in NMRF likely because NMRF consumed rhizodeposits efficiently. This was further supported by that enzyme stoichiometry in soil with EcMF shifted to a higher investment of nutrient acquisition enzymes (e.g., chitinase, leucine‐aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase) compared to NMRF inoculation, where investment in β‐glucosidase increased. In conclusion, the alleviation of EcMF from C limitation promotes higher activities of enzymes involved in the N and P cycle to cover the nutrient demand of EcMF and host seedlings. In contrast, C limitation of NMRF probably led to a shift in investment towards higher activities of enzymes involved in the C cycle.
Functional characterization of the three Oryza sativa SPX‐MFS proteins in maintaining phosphate homoeostasis
Authors: Guo Runze , Zhang Qi , Ying Yinghui , Liao Wenying , Liu Yu , Whelan James , Chuanzao Mao , Shou Huixia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant vacuoles serve as the primary intracellular compartments for phosphorus (P) storage. The Oryza sativa genome contains three genes that encode SPX (
SYG1/
PHO81/
XPR1)‐MFS (
Major
Facility
Superfamily) proteins (OsSPX‐MFS1‐3). The physiological roles of the three transporters under varying P conditions in laboratory and field are not known. To address this knowledge gap, we generated single, double and triple mutants for three OsSPX‐MFS genes. All the mutants except Osspx‐mfs2 display lower vacuolar Pi concentrations and OsSPX‐MFSs overexpression plant display higher Pi accumulation, demonstrating that all OsSPX‐MFSs are vacuolar Pi influx transporters. OsSPX‐MFS3 plays the dominant role based on the phenotypes of single mutants in terms of growth, vacuolar and tissue Pi concentrations. OsSPX‐MFS2 is the weakest and only functions as vacuole Pi sequestration in an Osspx‐mfs1/3 background. The vacuolar Pi sequestration capacity was severely impaired in Osspx‐mfs1/3 and Osspx‐mfs1/2/3, which resulted in increased Pi allocation to aerial organs. High P in the panicle impaired panicle and fertility in Osspx‐mfs1/3 and Osspx‐mfs1/2/3. Osspx‐mfs2 resulted in a more stable yield compared to the wild type under low P in field grown plants. The results suggest that alteration of vacuolar Pi sequestration may be a novel effective strategy to improve rice tolerance to low phosphorus in cropping systems.
Real‐world etiologies and treatments of pediatric short bowel syndrome in Japan
Authors: Tazuke Yuko , Udagawa Eri , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Nakamura Shiro , Fernandez Jovelle , Okuyama Hiroomi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundShort bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disease that can result in intestinal failure (IF). Short bowel syndrome intestinal failure leads to stunted growth and development and high mortality rates. The primary goal of treatment is to enhance intestinal adaptation and nutrient absorption. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is used to support this process until enteral autonomy can be restored. Some patients experience prolonged partial or complete dependency on PN and face an increased risk of life‐threatening catheter‐related bloodstream infections and intestinal failure‐associated liver disease. This study aimed to provide real‐world insights into the patient characteristics and treatment dynamics of PN‐dependent children with SBS‐IF in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective observational study used anonymized information from a large hospital‐based medical insurance database to identify pediatric patients who received PN for ≥6 months between April 2008 and January 2020. The primary endpoint was weaning from PN. Secondary endpoints included duration and complications of PN.ResultsForty‐eight children (mean age, 2.9 years) were eligible for inclusion. The most common causes of SBS‐IF were mechanical bowel obstruction, functional bowel disorders, and Hirschsprung's disease. Twenty‐two patients (45.8%) were weaned from PN during the study. The mean time to first weaning was 464.2 days and five patients (22.7%) restarted PN. The mean total duration of PN was 692.6 days in weaned patients and 1,170.9 days in unweaned patients. The most frequent complications were sepsis, catheter infections (both 79.2%), and liver dysfunction (64.6%).ConclusionsPediatric patients with SBS‐IF faced difficulties when weaning off PN and rates of life‐threatening complications were high.
Minimal invasiveness in the alveolar ridge preservation, with or without concomitant implant placement
Authors: Araújo Maurício G. , Hürzeler Markus B. , Dias Debora R. , Matarazzo Flavia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefit of ridge preservation (RP) with minimally invasive (MI) approaches with or without concomitant implant placement on morbidity, esthetics, and patient‐related outcomes. Three Internet sources were used to search for appropriate papers. The search strategy was designed to include any clinical study published on RP with MI approaches such as flapless surgery, socket shield and socket sealing techniques and, use of biological agents. Characteristics of the individual studies, regarding methodological aspects, quantitative and qualitative data were extracted. The potential risk of bias was estimated, and the acquired evidence was graded. Independent screening of 860 reports resulted in 26 included original articles. Nine publications evaluated MI approaches for RP without concomitant implant placement. Eleven studies evaluated interventions for RP with immediate implant placement (IIP). Six studies compared RP with IIP vs RP without IIP. This systematic review found that MI approaches in most of the studies failed to improve clinical variables regarding morbidity, esthetics, and patient‐related outcomes. Based on the limited number of studies analyzed and the methodological discrepancies observed, it is not possible to confirm that MI approaches promote a significant benefit when applied to RP procedures.
Social security or insecurity? The experience of welfare participation by financially vulnerable households in the Netherlands
Authors: Simonse Olaf , Vanderveen Gabry , van Dillen Lotte F. , van Dijk Wilco W. , van Dijk Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocial welfare aims to support financially vulnerable households by protecting them from financial shocks and providing them with a basic standard of living. Many eligible households, however, do not take up social welfare. We present the results of in‐depth interviews with 31 members of financially vulnerable households in two large Dutch cities about their experiences with welfare. We examined the role of money in their lives, what inhibited them from taking up social welfare, and how they sought support. For many interviewed households, money was a source of stress. The fear of reclaims and mistrust of government institutions were the main inhibitors to participating in welfare programs. Whereas the experience of shame and stigma were substantial inhibitors for claiming local welfare benefits, they were not for participating in national welfare programs. Formal and informal help promoted welfare participation, but many participants lacked access to both. We discuss policies that could decrease the perceived uncertainty of benefits receipt and give directions for future research.
A Ghd7‐centered regulatory network provides a mechanistic approximation to optimal heterosis in an elite rice hybrid
Authors: Wang Xianmeng , Zhou Tianhao , Li Guangwei , Yao Wen , Hu Wei , Wei Xin , Che Jian , Yang Haichuan , Shao Lin , Hua Jinping , Li Xianghua , Xiao Jinghua , Xing Yongzhong , Ouyang Yidan , Zhang Qifa 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYHeterosis refers to the superior performance of hybrids over their parents, which is a general phenomenon occurring in diverse organisms. Many commercial hybrids produce high yield without delayed flowering, which we refer to as optimal heterosis and is desired in hybrid breeding. Here, we attempted to illustrate the genomic basis of optimal heterosis by reinvestigating the single‐locus quantitative trait loci and digenic interactions of two traits, the number of spikelets per panicle (SP) and heading date (HD), using recombinant inbred lines and ‘immortalized F2s’ derived from the elite rice (Oryza sativa) hybrid Shanyou 63. Our analysis revealed a regulatory network that may provide an approximation to the genetic constitution of the optimal heterosis observed in this hybrid. In this network, Ghd7 works as the core element, and three other genes, Ghd7.1, Hd1, and Hd3a/RFT1, also have major roles. The effects of positive dominance by Ghd7 and Ghd7.1 and negative dominance by Hd1 and Hd3a/RFT1 in the hybrid background contribute the major part to the high SP without delaying HD; numerous epistatic interactions, most of which involve Ghd7, also play important roles collectively. The results expand our understanding of the genic interaction networks underlying hybrid rice breeding programs, which may be very useful in future crop genetic improvement.
Evolution of factors shaping the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Kontou Aspasia , Herman Emily K. , Field Mark C. , Dacks Joel B. , Koumandou V. Lila 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEndomembrane system compartments are significant elements in virtually all eukaryotic cells, supporting functions including protein synthesis, post‐translational modifications and protein/lipid targeting. In terms of membrane area the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular organelle, but the origins of proteins defining the organelle and the nature of lineage‐specific modifications remain poorly studied. To understand the evolution of factors mediating ER morphology and function we report a comparative genomics analysis of experimentally characterized ER‐associated proteins involved in maintaining ER structure. We find that reticulons, REEPs, atlastins, Ufe1p, Use1p, Dsl1p, TBC1D20, Yip3p and VAPs are highly conserved, suggesting an origin at least as early as the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA), although many of these proteins possess additional non‐ER functions in modern eukaryotes. Secondary losses are common in individual species and in certain lineages, for example lunapark is missing from the Stramenopiles and the Alveolata. Lineage‐specific innovations include protrudin, Caspr1, Arl6IP1, p180, NogoR, kinectin and CLIMP‐63, which are restricted to the Opisthokonta. Hence, much of the machinery required to build and maintain the ER predates the LECA, but alternative strategies for the maintenance and elaboration of ER shape and function are present in modern eukaryotes. Moreover, experimental investigations for ER maintenance factors in diverse eukaryotes are expected to uncover novel mechanisms.
Effect of the Added Thickening Agents on the Thermal and Physical Properties of the Nucleating Agent-Free Na2HPO4 · 12H2O
Authors: Luo Kai , Zeng Zui , Ye Weiliang , Wu Dengke , Liu Jingtao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) is a kind of phase-change hydrated material that has been widely used in heat-storage technology, but it has the common problems of supercooling and phase-separation of hydrated salts; therefore, the addition of a nucleating and thickening agent is a traditional method to solve the aforementioned problems. In this article, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG) are used to improve the supercooling and phase-separation properties of the hydrated phase-change salts. The phase transition characteristics and cycling stability are analyzed in detail with the solidification curve, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG), and thermal cycling experiments. The thickening water absorption of CMC and XG decreases the supercooling properties of DHPD without the addition of nucleating agents. The addition of 5% XG together with 2% CMC reduces the supercooling of DHPD to 1.6 °C. DSC analysis showed that the additions can adsorb the free water, decrease the evaporation of crystalline water, and remove the self-phase separation problems. The phase-change temperature and latent heat were 36.2 °C and 201.5 J/g, respectively. The supercooling degree of the modified DHPD was no more than 2 °C, showing its excellent thermal stability in the accelerated thermal cycle experiments.