bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AAPM Task Group 298: Recommendations on certificate program/alternative pathway candidate education and training
Authors: Prisciandaro Joann I. , Burmeister Jay W. , DeLuca Paul M. , Gerbi Bruce J. , Giger Maryellen L. , Robar James L. , Seibert J. Anthony 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEntry into the field of clinical medical physics is most commonly accomplished through the completion of a Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Educational Programs (CAMPEP)‐accredited graduate and residency program. To allow a mechanism to bring valuable expertise from other disciplines into clinical practice in medical physics, an “alternative pathway” approach was also established. To ensure those trainees who have completed a doctoral degree in physics or a related discipline have the appropriate background and didactic training in medical physics, certificate programs and a CAMPEP‐accreditation process for these programs were initiated. However, medical physics–specific didactic, research, and clinical exposure of those entering medical physics residencies from these certificate programs is often comparatively modest when evaluated against individuals holding Master's and/or Doctoral degrees in CAMPEP‐accredited graduate programs. In 2016, the AAPM approved the formation of Task Group (TG) 298, “Alternative Pathway Candidate Education and Training.” The TG was charged with reviewing previous published recommendations for alternative pathway candidates and developing recommendations on the appropriate education and training of these candidates. This manuscript is a summary of the AAPM TG 298 report.
Light‐Induced Ammonia Generation over Defective Carbon Nitride Modified with Pyrite
Authors: Zander Judith , Timm Jana , Weiss Morten , Marschall Roland 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotocatalytic nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions is currently widely explored in an attempt to develop a sustainable alternative for the Haber–Bosch process. In this work, defect‐rich carbon nitride, one of the most investigated photocatalysts reported in literature for ammonia generation, is combined with earth‐abundant and bioinspired FeS2 to improve the activity for ammonia production. By this combination, an activity enhancement of ≈400% compared to unmodified carbon nitride is achieved. The optimal FeS2 loading is established to be 1 wt%, with ammonia yields of up to 800 µg L−1 after irradiation for 7 h. By detailed material characterization of the electronic and material properties of the composites before and after the photocatalytic reaction, it is revealed that NH3 generation occurs not photocatalytically from N2, but via a light‐induced reduction of N–CN groups adjacent to nitrogen vacancies in the structure of defect‐rich carbon nitride. FeS2 acts similar to a cocatalyst, enhancing the ammonia yield by π‐back‐donation from Fe‐centers to the imine nitrogen of the defect‐rich carbon nitride, thereby activating the structure and boosting the ammonia generation from cyano groups.
Diagnosing gangrenous cholecystitis on computed tomography using deep learning: A preliminary study
Authors: Okuda Yoichi , Saida Tsukasa , Morinaga Keigo , Ohara Arisa , Hara Akihiro , Hashimoto Shinji , Takahashi Shinji , Goya Tomoyuki , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro 
Published: September 2022

AimTo compare deep learning and experienced physicians in diagnosing gangrenous cholecystitis using computed tomography images and explore the feasibility of diagnostic assistance for acute cholecystitis requiring emergency surgery.MethodsThis retrospective study included 25 patients with pathologically confirmed gangrenous cholecystitis and 129 patients with noncomplicated acute cholecystitis who underwent computed tomography between 2016 and 2021 at two institutions. All available computed tomography images at the time of the initial diagnosis were used for the analysis. A deep learning model based on a convolutional neural network was trained using 1,517 images of 112 patients (18 patients with gangrenous cholecystitis and 94 patients with acute cholecystitis) and tested with 68 images of 42 patients (seven patients with gangrenous cholecystitis and 35 patients with acute cholecystitis). Three blinded, experienced physicians independently interpreted the test images. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were compared between the convolutional neural network and the reviewers.ResultsThe convolutional neural network (sensitivity, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44–0.87, specificity, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96, accuracy, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81–0.95, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.68–1.00) had achieved a better diagnostic performance than the reviewers (ex. sensitivity, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30–0.77, specificity, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.62–0.71, accuracy, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.57–0.72, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44–0.82; P = 0.048 for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve versus convolutional neural network).ConclusionsDeep learning had a better diagnostic performance than experienced reviewers in diagnosing gangrenous cholecystitis and has potential applicability for assisting in identifying indications for emergency surgery in the future.
Nonlinear Topological Photonic Insulator in Synthetic Space
Authors: Wu Erjie , Li Guangzhen , Yu Danying , Wang Luojia , Yuan Luqi , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs an emerging field, nonlinear topological photonics attracts great attention nowadays, where pioneering works show interesting phenomena including topological edge solitons and nonlinearity‐induced coupling of light into topological edge states. In this work, the nonlinear effects in a photonic topological insulator in the synthetic space including the frequency axis of light, in a ring resonant array under dynamic modulations are studied, where the four‐wave mixing nonlinear process is included. Such nonlinear process not only induces local interactions, but also creates long‐range interactions in the frequency dimension. These results show destruction on topologically protected edge states when the nonlinear effects are increasing. Moreover, it also breaks the symmetry in the synthetic space as well as the band structure, which reflects different propagation behaviors for the different input sources with positive and negative frequency shifts and exhibits short‐time robustness in weak nonlinear cases. This work hence explores the role of nonlinear effects in affecting the edge modes in the synthetic space, which may be useful in quantum many‐body simulations and find possible applications in information processing.
A quantitative synthesis of approaches, biases, successes, and failures in marine forest restoration, with considerations for future work
Authors: Earp Hannah S. , Smale Dan A. , Pérez‐Matus Alejandro , Gouraguine Adam , Shaw Paul W. , Moore Pippa J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Marine forests is a term commonly used for coastal marine habitats formed by dense stands of brown macroalgae, typically consisting of kelp and fucoids. These habitats are highly productive, offer habitat to numerous marine organisms, and support a range of invaluable ecosystem services. Despite their importance, marine forests are declining in many regions around the world as a result of interacting global, regional, and local‐scale stressors. Consequently, interest in restoration as a tool to mitigate these declines and reinstate marine forests is growing.
Recent reviews have provided insights into marine forest restoration; however, for the most part, a synthesis of restoration success is lacking. A meta‐analysis and quantitative review of published marine forest restoration efforts was conducted to examine: (i) how restoration affects the abundance and morphology of marine forest species; and (ii) trends in marine forest restoration success.
The meta‐analysis of 25 studies revealed that restoration positively influences the abundance and morphology of marine forest species. The quantitative review of 63 studies demonstrated that taxa and restoration technique were important factors influencing restoration success, and revealed a bias towards the monitoring and reporting of abundance and morphological response variables. The review also highlighted a lack of monitoring and/or reporting of environmental variables at restoration sites, and limited comparative research across environmental contexts and restored species.
It is shown that successful marine forest restoration is possible at experimental scales, but that better monitoring and reporting of restoration efforts, alongside increased project durations, could improve our understanding of restoration success at the ecosystem level. Considerations for future marine forest restoration efforts are also provided. It is hoped that the review will advance marine forest restoration efforts, allowing the preservation of these valuable ecosystems and their associated services.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Single‐Molecule Magnet Behavior of TPE‐Based Ln(III) Complexes
Authors: Wu Jinjiang , Zhao Chen , Zhu Zhenhua , Li Xiao‐Lei , Ashebr Tesfay G. , Tang Jinkui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultifunctional lanthanide complexes have been studied extensively owing to their promising applications in information storage, luminescence sensors and magneto‐optical devices, etc. Here, we report the facile synthesis of two discrete highly thermally stable lanthanide compounds, Ln(hfac)3(TPE‐tz) (Ln=Eu, Dy), by the reaction of the AIE‐active organic ligand with Ln(III) β‐diketonate precursor. Due to different energy gaps between the triplet state of the ligand and the accepted level of Ln(III) ions, Eu(hfac)3(TPE‐tz) exhibited remarkably enhanced luminescence intensity upon aggregation, i. e., a typical AIE behavior, while Dy(hfac)3(TPE‐tz) displayed weak characteristic emission bands of Dy(III) ions. In addition, Dy(hfac)3(TPE‐tz) showed field‐induced SMM behavior. This work shows that careful choice of auxiliary ligands paves the way for the construction of multifunctional lanthanide smart materials.
Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint): Part III. Proposed neurodevelopmental mechanisms of action
Authors: Niknam Yassaman , Iyer Poorni , Campbell Marlissa A. , Moran Francisco , Sandy Martha S. , Zeise Lauren 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis review summarizes the most common potential pathways of neurodevelopmental toxicity due to perinatal exposure to Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) that lead to behavioral and other adverse outcomes (AOs). This is Part III in a set of reviews highlighting the animal‐derived data considered by California's Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant Identification Committee (DARTIC) in 2019. The Hazard Identification Document (HID) provided to the DARTIC included a summary of human, whole animal, and mechanistic data on the neurodevelopmental toxicity of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐THC. The literature search for mechanistic data has been updated through 2020. We focus on mechanistic pathways relating to behavioral and other neurodevelopmental outcomes of perinatal exposure to Δ9‐THC. The endocannabinoid system (EC system) plays a crucial role in many processes involved in neurodevelopment and exposure to Δ9‐THC can alter these processes. Whole animal studies report changes in cognitive ability, behavior, and motor function after prenatal exposure to Δ9‐THC. Findings from mechanistic studies add to this evidence and further provide information regarding the pathways leading to these outcomes. Neuromechanistic studies can bridge the gaps between molecular initiating events and apical neurodevelopmental endpoints caused by a chemical. They offer insight into potential alterations in the same pathways by other chemicals that can also result in AOs. Studies of cannabinoid receptor agonist‐induced molecular alterations and provide deep biological plausibility at the mechanistic level for the cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments observed in animal studies after perinatal exposure to Δ9‐THC.
Comparative binding affinity analysis of dual CDK2/FLT3 inhibitors
Authors: Ghosh Suparna , Cho Seung Joo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSelective inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) using small molecules is gaining popularity for the treatment of certain types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we used different molecular modeling techniques to investigate the structure–activity relationship (SAR) and binding modalities of dual CDK2/FLT3 inhibitors. The key chemical characteristics of the 3H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐f]quinoline derivatives were highlighted as descriptive colored contours using comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA). Modifying chemical groups in existing compounds along these contours could improve CDK2 selectivity over FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). We determined the ligand affinities for CDK2 by estimating the binding free energy using molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM‐GBSA) and umbrella sampling (US) simulations. Reasonable correlations were found between the computed and experimental binding energies, suggesting that MM‐GBSA and US can be used to reliably predict the binding affinities of new compounds in the more potent CDK2 drug development process.
Recent Advances in PROTAC Technology Toward New Therapeutic Modalities
Authors: Yokoo Hidetomo , Naganuma Miyako , Oba Makoto , Demizu Yosuke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have emerged as a powerful technology for the degradation of disease‐related proteins by the hijacking of the endogenous ubiquitin‐proteasome system. A multitude of bifunctional PROTACs have been developed using small‐molecule ligands; one ligand binds to the target protein of interest and one ligand binds to an E3 ligase. The characteristics of those PROTACs vary, including their reversible or irreversible covalent binding to the target protein, their binding to orthosteric and allosteric sites, their agonist or antagonist activity, and their use of multiple ligands. In addition, oligopeptides and nucleotides have recently been used as alternative targeting ligands. The properties of PROTACs, such as selectivity, delivery and sensitivity to drug resistance, can be improved through the use of a variety of targeting ligand modalities. This minireview introduces the mechanisms and behavior of small‐molecule based PROTACs as well as targeted proteolysis techniques using peptides and nucleic acids as targeting ligands.
Retroperitoneal necrotizing soft tissue infections: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kejela Segni , Bekele Solomon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNecrotizing soft tissue infections of the retroperitoneal is a rare disease identity. Here we present a 50‐year‐old male patient who underwent surgical exploration for retroperitoneal necrotizing soft tissue infection. Postoperatively, he was put on broad‐spectrum antibiotics. He passed on after the first exploration and debridement.
Intraperitoneal hemorrhage due to segmental arterial mediolysis associated with cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Matsuura Chie , Fuchinoue Yutaka , Terazono Sayaka , Kondo Kosuke , Harada Naoyuki , Sugo Nobuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA man in his 50s with no significant past medical history developed subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. On the ninth hospital day, he had a ruptured visceral aneurysm with segmental arterial mediolysis, and we successfully treated with transarterial embolization using metallic coils.
Cationic Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Confined in Mesoporous Silica: Tuning Transition States Towards Z‐Selective Ring‐Opening Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Goldstein Elizabeth L. , Ziegler Felix , Beurer Ann‐Katrin , Traa Yvonne , Bruckner Johanna R. , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe recently reported a method for selective macro(mono)cyclization of dienes utilizing catalysts confined inside the pores of mesoporous silica, which we believe occurs due to suppression of oligomerization due to pore size. We hypothesized, however, that the system of cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts immobilized selectively inside the mesopores of silica materials could address much more subtle selectivity differences, such as E/Z selectivity in ring‐opening/cross‐metathesis (ROCM). Upon investigation, we observed that surface‐bound cationic molybdenum imido alkylidene NHC catalysts indeed display an increased Z‐selectivity, especially during the early stages of the reaction. This effect was present when the catalyst was confined inside a pore, as well as when the catalyst was bound to non‐porous silica, which led us to conclude it is an effect caused by the catalyst being bound directly to the surface of a silica material where the proximity of the catalyst to the surface governs the transition state. Kinetic investigations revealed that significant post‐metathesis olefin isomerization occurs, the amount of which seems to be governed by the rate of diffusion of the product away from the active catalyst, with smaller pore sizes resulting in higher Z‐selectivity at higher conversion, attributable to faster diffusion of the product out of the pore than diffusion back into the pore.
Understanding the effects of empowering leadership on positive and negative performance behaviors: A manufacturing sector study
Authors: Turcotte‐Légaré Nicolas , Gaudet Marie‐Claude , Doucet Olivier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFor several years, the North American manufacturing sector has been facing several labour issues that undermine productivity. To address these issues and remain competitive, manufacturing firms must implement measures to promote overall worker performance. This study presents an integrative to understand the differentiated impact of empowering leadership (EL) on four dimensions of performance (task, citizenship, innovation, deviance) through two mediators (psychological empowerment (PE) and affective organizational commitment). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data from 250 employee–supervisor dyads in the manufacturing industry. On the one hand, our results reveal that EL exerts a positive influence on citizenship and innovative behavior through increased PE. On the other hand, it is negatively associated to deviance behaviors through heightened levels of affective organizational commitment. This study allows us to better understand how EL enhances multiple performance dimensions necessary to organizations' competitiveness in manufacturing and other sectors.
Facile Synthesis of S‐Fused Multi‐Membered Polycyclic Heterocycles: A Construction Strategy towards Thermally Stable Thiepine Derivatives
Authors: Ming Binbin , Yan Chuan , Xie Shoudong , Liu Si , Ren Yingjian , Zong Hao , Chen Weinan , Zhou Gang 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryS‐fused heterocycles have become popular building blocks to construct functional polycyclic compounds. In contrast to the abundant synthetic methodologies for thiophene‐fused aromatics, the synthesis of S‐heterocycles containing six‐membered thiopyran and seven‐membered thiepine rings is much less reported owing to their unfavorable synthetic protocols and the thermal instabilities. Herein, a series of thiepine‐containing polycyclic S‐heterocycles have been successfully synthesized via different synthetic routes which involve initial construction of sulfur bridges and final ring‐closure reactions. Therefore, the dilithium intermediates are excluded, which facilitates the fusion on the thiepine ring with different S‐heterocycles, including thiophene and thiopyran derivatives. Typically, a S‐fused multi‐membered polycyclic compound simultaneously involving thiophen, thiopyran, and thiepine rings has been successfully prepared. Interestingly, nucleus‐independent chemical shift calculations reveal that the incorporated thiopyran and thiepine rings demonstrate aromatic and nonaromatic characteristics, respectively. Moreover, the thermal stabilities of the thiepine derivatives have been tremendously improved after the fusion on the three vinyl groups in the thiepine unit, which is attributed to the enhancements of the activation energies for the S‐extrusion reactions, as revealed by density functional theory calculations. Therefore, our findings not only provide a facile synthetic methodology for S‐fused multi‐membered polycyclic heterocycles, but also furnish a novel construction strategy towards thermally stable thiepine derivatives.
Predictive value of HMGB1 for atrial fibrillation recurrence after cryoballoon ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Li Xinxin , Zhao Cuiting , Li Meng , Yu Hongxiao , Liu Xiping , Zhu Qing , Song Xiaokun , Wang Yonghuai , Yu Bo , Ma Chunyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCryoballoon ablation (CBA) is recommended for patients with symptomatic drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF). However, substantial atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence is common during follow‐up. Searching for a potential biomarker representing both myocardial injury and inflammation to identify patients at high risk of AF recurrence after CBA is very meaningful for postoperative management of AF patients.HypothesisTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein released from the left atrium to predict AF recurrence in pAF patients after CBA at 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsWe included 72 pAF patients who underwent CBA. To determine the expression levels of HMGB1, left atrial blood samples were collected from the patients before CBA and after the procedure through the transseptal sheath. Patients were followed up for AF recurrence for 1 year.ResultsA total of 19 patients of the 72 experienced AF recurrence. The level of postoperative HMGB1 (HMGB1post) was higher in the AF recurrence group than in the AF non recurrence group (p = .03). However, no differences were noted in the levels of other biomarkers such as preoperative high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), postoperativehs‐CRP, and preoperative HMGB1 between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher level of serum HMGB1post was associated with AF recurrence (odds ratio: 5.29 [1.17–23.92], p = .04). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that HMGB1post had a moderate predictive power for AF recurrence (area under the curve: 0.68; sensitivity: 72%; and specificity: 68%). The 1‐year AF‐free survival was significantly lower in patients with a high HMGB1post level than in those with a low HMGB1post level (hazard ratio: 3.81 [1.49–9.75], p = .005).ConclusionIn pAF patients who under went CBA, the level of HMGB1 after CBA was associated with AF recurrence and demonstrated a moderate predictive power. Thus, we offer a potential biomarker to identify pAF patients at high risk of AF recurrence.