bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing corporate governance practices of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in South Africa and Singapore
Authors: Adebayo Adeyemi , Ackers Barry 
Published: March 2022

Research aims: This paper undertakes a cross-country comparative analysis of corporate governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in South Africa and Singapore, two countries using two different models for organising SOEs, with specific reference to agreement with the themes identified in the World Bank’s Framework for good Corporate Governance practices for SOEs. The aim of this paper is to identify differences and similarities in practice and to document how the states have fared using different models.Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper deploys a pragmatic mixed methods approach conducted in two phases, to understand the practices utilised by South African and Singaporean SOEs. The data emerging from these two phases, were compared to the Framework for good Corporate Governance practices for SOEs issued by the World Bank.Research findings: Findings suggest although South African SOEs have good corporate governance practices in place, Singaporean SOEs are better organised and governed compared with South African SOEsTheoretical contribution/Originality: This paper contributes to the scholarly discourse on SOEs in by expanding the discourse on public sector entrepreneurship and opening up new debates and research areas corporate governance of SOEs.
Effect of hormonal supplementation on pain tolerance in women– A comparative study
Authors: Reddy V Bhavya , Sahithi M , Padmini O 
Published: March 2022

Gonadal hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) influences pain sensitivity, the former strongly influences nociceptive actions, whereas the latter prevents neuropathic pain. However, there is only little evidence on direct effect of hormonal based drugs on experimental pain response. Therefore the aim of the present study is to the difference in response to pain stimulus in terms of - pain threshold, pain tolerance, pain intensity, pain unpleasantness between women on OCP pills, normal menstruating women and age matched men using cold pressor test.Total of 50 females (20-35 years age group) on COCP pills, 50 controls (normal menstruating women of 20-35 years age group) and 50 healthy males (20-35 years age group) were enrolled in the study as per the eligibility criteria. Cold pressor test was used as a stimulus source. The participants were instructed to hold their least dominant hand in the water bath (maintained between between 0°C and 2°C) as long as possible and were requested to inform the first sensation of pain which denoted the participants’ pain threshold. Time from pain threshold to the point where participants could no longer cope with pain and indicate stop, was recorded as pain tolerance. At this point participants were directed to note pain intensity and unpleasantness on the visual analogue scale.Statistical analysis of data was done using standard SPSS software. Data was represented as mean standard deviation. Chi-square test was done and p values &#60;0.05 were considered significant. Average pain tolerance was significantly (p&#60;0.00) higher in women on COCP (combined oral contraceptive pill) therapy compared to naturally menstruating women. But men and women on COCP pill therapy do not differ significantly in average pain tolerance. The average pain threshold did not differ significantly between any age groups. The average pain unpleasantness was less in females taking hormonal pills compared to men and naturally menstruating women establishing the role of increased levels of sex hormones in reducing the discomfort and unpleasantness. There was no significant difference in average pain intensity between men and normal women but it differed significantly between normal women and women on COCP therapy.The use of COCP affects the pain reporting of subjects.
Reference intervals and gender variation in establishing blood parameters in dental institution: A retrospective study
Authors: Adhane Yogita Bhaginath , Sardar Manisha Ahire , Chettiankandy Tabita Joy , Sachdev Sanpreet Singh , Tupkari Jagdish Vishnu 
Published: March 2022

Complete blood count (CBC) has been extensively used by general physicians to assess the status of sick and healthy people. The aim of the present study was to appraise the hematological changes in different blood parameters amongst males and females and also to set a reference range for general population. The study was conducted on 361 patients of age 18-50 years comprising of 163 males (45.2%) and 198 females (54.8%).20 µl sample of capillary blood was obtained through finger prick and subjected to complete blood count, including a white blood cell (WBC) differential and a reticulocyte count, by means of a fully automatic blood cell counter. The findings were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.The mean values of the RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH between males and females showed statistically highly significant reduction with p &#60; 0.001, while MCHC was significantly reduced with p &#60; 0.05 in females compared to males (). Haematological parameters such as PLT, PCT were slightly higher in females compared to males showing statistically significant results with p &#60; 0.05. Blood parameters aid in diagnosis of various disorders and also serve to guide decision making for clinicians. Therefore, periodically establishing reference intervals is crucial for better correlation with health and disease conditions. Our findings would serve to update present available data pertaining to blood parameters, their reference range and gender variation on a regional level.
The morphometric analysis of calcaneus and its articular facets
Authors: Mamidi Anuradha , Jyotsna G 
Published: March 2022

Calcaneus being the key bone of the longitudinal arch forms the posterior pillar. It is responsible for receiving the body weight and transmitting it to the plantar arch below. The aim of the present study is to see the variations in articular facets and dimensions of calcaneus. Ninety-eight dry calcaneus were procured from department of Anatomy, Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. All the bones were of unknown gender that are housed in the collection at department of Anatomy grossly normal without any physical damage. Among the ninety-eight dry calcaneus, type-B articular facets were seen mostly. Morphometric measurements of calcaneus were similar to that of other studies. Mild variations that were observed might be due to racial or different points taken as reference for measurements. Analysis of morphometric parameters plays key role in reconstruction surgeries and foot rehabilitation procedures.
Comparison of autonomic functions in moderate and heavy smokers using heart rate variability
Authors: Anitha K S  , Sanjaya G  , Reddy Jaya Simha , Kumar T Kiran , Taklikar Raju H , Gitte Rashmi Narayanrao 
Published: March 2022

Previous studies using heart rate variability (HRV) have confirmed decreased HRV in cigarette smokers compared with non smokers. However only few studies have been done considering the effect of smoking on HRV in moderate and severe smokers assessed by pack years. Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare the autonomic functions in male moderate and heavy cigarette smokers.The present was conducted in our department of Physiology. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from Institutional research ethical committee. This study was conducted among male cigarette smokers with age between 20 to 50 years who were apparently healthy. The study group subjects were divided into moderate and heavy smokers considering both the amount and duration of smoking calculated by pack years. HRV data was recorded, statistical analysis was done by independent sample t test to compare between the groups. A p value of &#60;0.05 was considered as statistically significant whereas a p value &#60;0.001 was considered as highly significant.The HRV parameters namely Low frequency (LF) component, LF power expressed in normalized unit (LFnu) and LF-HF ratio were significantly higher in heavy smokers compared to moderate smokers. Total power, high frequency (HF) component and HF power expressed in normalized unit (HFnu) were found significantly less in heavy smokers compared to moderate smokers. Autonomic imbalance characterized by increased sympathetic function with associated decrease in the cardiac vagal modulation was seen in heavy smokers compared to moderate smokers.
Variations in nutrient foramen in the long bones of lower limb
Authors: Roy Rajarshi , Aggarwal Prerana , Medda Shyamalendu 
Published: March 2022

Morphology and morphometry of nutrient foramen of bones vary from country to country and from place to place. Objective was to study the number, position, location, directions, distance of nutrient foramen from the proximal end of femur, tibia and fibula in eastern Indian region. In a descriptive study, 393 bilateral lower limb long bones (138 femur, 132 tibia & 123 fibulae) were studied. Total nutrient foramen calculated; 178 in femur, 137 in tibia, 121 in fibula. Most had single foramen; femur (66%), tibia (96%) and fibula (94%). Number of foramina ranged from 0-3 in femur, 1-2 in tibia and 0-2 in fibula. Foramina were present mainly on the posterior surface of the bones [linea aspera in femur (96), below soleal line and lateral to the vertical line in tibia (90) and peroneal crest in fibula (74)]. The mean length, mean distance of nutrient foramen from the proximal end of the bones measured. Most foramina found on the middle third, with foraminal index ranging from 33% to 66%; though on tibia it’s not a common finding. The 't' test value of foraminal index was significant for tibia. Mean foraminal index was measured for femur 42.28%, tibia 35.91%, fibula 41.54%. The knowledge of anatomical variations of nutrient foramen is very important as preservation of vascularization of long bones is essential in fracture repair, tumor resection, bone grafting.
Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in human dry skull of south Indian population and its clinical implications
Authors: Akshaya S  , KR Dakshayani  
Published: March 2022

Infraorbital foramen,an important anatomical landmark in anaesthetic and surgical interventions of the maxillary region, transmits the infra orbital vessels and nerve. Infraorbital nerve block is commonly used in regional anaesthesia for the midface and paranasal surgeries. The purpose of our study to obtain detailed knowledge of the anatomical location and variations of IOF which is imminent for successful regional anaesthesia and endoscopic surgeries of the maxillary region. The study was conducted on 50 Human skull bones of unknown gender from the Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore. Both side of skulls were visually observed for shape, direction of the infraorbital foramen and presence of accessory infraorbital foramina. 1. Sagittal Distance between the infraorbital margin to upper margin of infraorbital foramen were measured. 2. Transverse diameter from lateral margin of pyriform aperture to medial margin of IOF were measured. 3. Oblique distance from anterior nasal spine to inferior margin of IOF, were measured. 4. Vertical and transverse diameter of the IOF were measured. 50 skulls (100 sides – both right and left) were studied.Most commonly observed shape of IOF is semilunar 36% on right side, 40% on left side, transversely oval 20% on right side, 28% on left side, vertically oval 18% on right side, 12% on left side, circular 18% on right side, 8% on left side, triangular 8% on right side 12% on left side. Direction of IOF is 88% medially downwards, 12% downwards.The mean distance between IOM and IOF is 6.58±0.28 mm on the right side, 6.78 +0.233 mm on the left side. The mean distance between pyriform aperture to of IOF 16.88+3.7mm on the right side 16.46 +2.7 on the left side. The mean distance between ANS to inferior margin IOF on the 34.77+0.55 mm on right side 34.22+0.3 mm on the left side.Mean vertical diameter of IOF 3.76 mm on right side & 3.94 mm on left side. Mean transverse diameter of IOF 4.18 mm on right side & 4.32+15 mm on left side.Accessory IOF were present in 6% of skulls bilaterally. Our study results will be of immense help to the surgeons and anaesthetists, handling this region for operative procedures.
Effect of soft drinks on bone
Authors: Dhonde Sushama , Hurria Naman , Jagtap P E , Belwalkar G J , Nagane N S , Bhandare V S , Surayawanshi Kiran , Mane Vinayak , Nunes Neil 
Published: March 2022

Adolescence age group has significant impact of advertizing industry for use of soft drink and junk food. Present study is aimed to find out the alteration in the bone markers in medical and dental students, who regularly consume soft drinks. Students from our institute were divided (n = 200) in two groups. Group A – Students who consume 200 ml or less than 200 ml of soft drink in a week. Group B -Students consuming more than 200 ml of either ‘regular’ soft drink (B1) or ‘diet’ soft drink (B2) per day There is a significant decrease in the levels of bone density, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D and increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in Group B2 than group A as well as B1.Diet soft drinks are consumed instead of regular soft drinks, the decrease in the pH due to phosphoric acid and aspartame; may lead to bone demineralization resulting into decreased bone density. Inhibition of 1alpha hydroxylase may get inhibited due to acid pH caused by phosphoric acid from soft drinks. These changes may lead to develop tendency of bone fractures in the future life.
A study of religious beliefs affecting organ donation & influence of educational intervention in western Maharashtra
Authors: Sayyed Anjum A K , Pratinidhi Shilpa A , D'Souza Derek S J , Dhanmane Siddheshwar T 
Published: March 2022

In India, many lives that could easily be saved are lost due to a paucity of donated organs. This trend could easily be reversed by educating the general public. Religious beliefs and religious leaders play an important role in the society. With a concept to educate the religious leaders, to strengthen the message of increased organ donation, a study was conceptualized to test the efficacy of such an intervention.To study religious beliefs and organ donation among the heterogenous population of Maval Taluka.A cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, MIMER Medical College, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune. An educational interventional study was carried out on four basic major religious groups namely Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Christian. Data was collected from 328 participants by visiting respective religious places. A ten-item self-structured validated questionnaire was designed to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding organ donation. Pre-test was carried out to assess the basic knowledge on organ donation. Educational intervention regarding the benefits of organ-donation was done, followed by a post-test. The data was statistically analysed by ANOVA in SPSS software.The overall awareness on organ donation was increased by 22% after the planned educational intervention. : These results of the study showed a high degree of acceptance amongst all the groups & willingness for organ donation. Hence, such awareness programmes should be conducted at regular intervals on a large scale so that the problem of shortage of donated organs can be minimized.
Status of vitamin D in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case control study
Authors: Purohit Ankur , Soni Yogita 
Published: March 2022

Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in many cases of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and many possible links have been discovered regarding its role in the progression of pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to access and compare the level of vitamin D in PCOS patients and healthy women. This was a case control study. 150 patients of PCOS and 150 age matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum level of Vitamin D was estimated by immunoassay method by using ELISA technique. The data were compared using independent t-test and chi square test wherever applicable. The total serum vitamin D level was found significantly (p&#60;0.0001) low in PCOS patients (21.91 ± 8.49 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (34.12 ± 7.41 ng/ml). Hypovitaminosis D observed in PCOS cases indicated the possible involvement of vitamin D in the pathophysiological changes of the disease.
Thrombolysis with novel tenecteplase in acute ischemic stroke: A prospective observational study from a rural tertiary care center in South India
Authors: N.C Krishnadas , Fazal Ghafoor P.A. , Rafeeque Mohammed , V Rajmohan , Subir Ahamed 
Published: March 2022

Tenecteplase is an approved engineered recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with molecular and practical advantages. It could be quintessential in this era of endovascular care provided that more studies come out, especially from resource poor settings. To observe the clinico-epidemiological profile and to assess the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with tenecteplase. A prospective observational study of stroke patients treated with tenecteplase. On admission clinical characteristics, temporal, epidemiological, imaging parameters, outcome measures including baseline NIHSS, NIHSS at 1 hour, 24 hours, at discharge, and modified Rankin Scores (mRS) at 0, 1 and 3 months were recorded in a structured proforma. Out of the 19 patients thrombolysed with tenecteplase 68.4% were males. Mean age of the study population was 61.3 years. Hypertension (57.9%), diabetes mellitus (36.8%) and smoking(26.3%) were the most common risk factors.Time parameters like mean onset to door time, door to image and door to needle time were 126 minutes, 29minutes and 66 minutes respectively, which were confirming with the international standards. Mean NIHSS was 11.1 and serial improvement was noted in the post treatment mean NIHSS scores at 1 hours, 24 hours and 7days with values of 8.6,8.0 and 7.7 respectively ( F=5.619,p=0.018). The mean mRS score was 3.5 and the follow up mRS at 1 month (2.4) and 3 months (1.7) (F=19.32, p&#60;0.001) revealed significant functional improvement. The spearman test showed a positive correlation of age with all the serial post treatment NIHSS and mRS scores even when it did not affect the baseline NIHSS and mRS scores suggesting a poor response to tenecteplase with increasing age. Major improvement in mRS scores described as either a score of 0 or 1 or else a three-point improvement from baseline was seen in 47% (9) of thrombolysed patients and a major improvement in NIHSS scores was seen in 26% (5) patients. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) was seen in only 5% of the study population. Thrombolysis with tenecteplase is faster, safer and effective but the treatment response decreases with increasing age.
To assess and analyze the clinical outcome of conservative and operative management of head injury in acute subdural haematoma
Authors: Chaurasia I.D , Rathor Deepak 
Published: March 2022

Traumatic acute subdural haematoma (SDH) continue to have high mortality & morbidity despite the advent of rapid transportation, CT Scan and Intensive care management. The general surgical procedures for Acute SDH is Craniotomy with removal of haematoma & decompressive craniectomy if necessary. This is a study based in department of surgery. After taking complete history and detailed examination and investigation (CT Scan) was be done. Decision of surgery was be taken by the consultant neurosurgeon of the acute Subdural Haematoma, involvement of aloquent areas and associated other injury of brain.200 patients with head injury who reported at casualty of Gandhi Medical College, and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal.In our study, Mode of Injury found to be Assault were 20%, Fall were 27% & RTA 53% in Conservative whereas Assault were 06%, Fall were 14% & RTA 80%.The chi-square statistic is 96.3397. The p-value is &#60; 0.00001. The result is significant at p &#60; 0.05. These findings indicate that the thickness/size of acute SDH significantly correlates with the type of management to be done for the patient.Acute subdural haematoma is the major cause of significant morbidity and mortality due to traumatic head injury. Acute subdual haematoma is commonly associated with countercoup injuries and diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The clinical presentation in patients with acute SDH is related to raised ICP and the severity of DAI. C.T. Scan is the investigation of choice in patients with head injury.
De l’impact des représentations sociales sur l’apprentissage du français dans le contexte tunisien
Authors: Hmissi Wafa 
Published: March 2022

Dans le contexte tunisien, l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère rencontre plusieurs difficultés. Pour pouvoir déterminer ces obstacles, nous avons mené une enquête qualitative (l’entretien semi-directif) pour délimiter, catégoriser et examiner les représentations sociales qui constituent non seulement un frein à l’apprentissage du français mais aussi un obstacle à l’ouverture sur autrui. Les entretiens semi-directifs sont au nombre de 9, dirigé l’un séparément de l’autre sur des élèves dont l’âge moyen va de 16 à 18 ans. La durée de chaque entretien varie entre 25 et 35 minutes. Cette enquête exploratoire permet de mettre le point sur le dysfonctionnement linguistique permettant, par la suite, d’ajuster le dispositif didactique selon les besoins et les attentes des apprenants. Nos résultats révèlent que parmi les freins à l’apprentissage du français : le rapport conflictuel historique entre le Français, ancien colonisateur et le Tunisien et le facteur identitaire. En contestant la langue de l’autre, l’élève présume, par là-même, mettre en valeur sa langue maternelle, sa culture et soi-même.

In the Tunisian context, learning French as a foreign language encounters several difficulties. To be able to determine these obstacles, we carried out a qualitative survey (the semi-directive interview) to delimit, categorize and examine the social representations which not only constitute an obstacle to learning French but also an obstacle to opening up to others. The semi-structured interviews are 9 in number, directed one separately from the other on pupils whose average age ranges from 16 to 18 years. The duration of each interview varies between 25 and 35 minutes. This exploratory survey makes it possible to focus on the linguistic dysfunction allowing, subsequently, to adjust the didactic device according to the needs and expectations of the learners. Our results reveal that among the obstacles to learning French: the historical conflicting relationship between the French, former colonizer and the Tunisian and the identity factor. By contesting the language of the other, the student, presumes, thereby, to highlight his mother tongue, his culture and himself.