bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Chemical Constituents and Invitro Antidiabetic Activity of Mirabilis Jalapa Flower Extracts
Authors: Kodical Deepth D. , Fernandes Jennifer , Mathew Jane , Deepthi K. , Bhaskar K. Vijay 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The present work was designed to investigate the phytochemical and in vitro screening of the flower extracts of Mirabilis jalapa.
Materials and Methods: Phytochemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized of the compounds were carried out using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy data. In vitro anti-diabetic activity was evaluated by alpha-amylase inhibition assay and Alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay.
Results: Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of a flavonoid Kaempferol and a triterpenoid Lupeol. In vitro investigation indicated that the Mirabilis jalapa flowers extracts has considerable anti-diabetic activity
Conclusion: The anti-diabetic activity may due to the presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids.
A Brief Review on Management of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Kaushik Nikhil , Vaghani Dhara , Singam Arpita Jaiswal 
Published: January 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a real pregnancy trap, wherein ladies without as of late dissected diabetes encourage constant high blood glucose during pregnancy. Diabetes in gestation is a condition where highly increase in the blood glucose level at the period of pregnancy and impacts pregnant ladies who haven't been broke down with diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus in gestational period is conceivably most broadly perceived serious the pregnant conditions, with long and short stretch outcomes for mothers, hatchlings & babies. The chiefs & remedies which are wanted to gain most ideal control of glycemia, and while ignoring hypoglycaemia & make sure of fetal and maternal prosperity. This incorporates direct changes, food & treatment, and when considered fundamental; For possible opposing outcomes, simultaneously with fetal and maternal perception was made. The response intends to develop choices for gestational diabetes management treatment pharmacologically. Everyone played out a wide composing different review of examinations, conveyed in the latest fifty year , focusing on treatment for Gestational diabetes mellitus pharmacologically, overseeing security & ampleness, for maternal & fetal unpleasantness results; similarly like disillusionment & accomplishment in developing legitimate control of glucose and metabolic conditions . Medical treatment orally is a secured & convincing treatment system for GDM and in specific conditions may fill in as first-line treatment while supporting changes misfire. Right when oral experts disregard to set up control of glucose then imbuements of insulin are added supposedly. Choosing oral treatment which is the best in unsure, disregarding the way that it seems, by all accounts, to be that metformin is fairly better compared to glyburide, in specific perspectives. Concerning parenteral treatment, all recorded insulins in the specified article need to be considered both ensured & practical so that the treatment of high blood glucose can be treated in pregnancy. Fundamentally, a prevalent security profile, with near feasibility is recorded for most analogs. As GDM normality climbs, there is a prerequisite for powerful noticing and treatment for patients.
Relationship between Visual Impairment and the Use of Electronic Devices in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arishi Nawal Ali Mohd , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Alghubaini Ghada Badr , Ahmed Manar Salah , Ahmed Rahaf Salah , Alshikhi Abdurhman Ahmed , Alzughaibi Mohammad Saleh , Alqahtani Aseel Hussain , Aldughather Badr Abdulmohsen , Aljifri Abdulrahman Mauafaq , Shabain Nurse. Hanaa Mohammed , Garawi Nurse. Hanan Mohammed Ali , Basheikh Abdullah Abdualrhman , Albrkati Faisal khaled , Simsim Mohammed Shaker 
Published: January 2022

Background: Overuse of electronic gadgets has been highlighted as a possible preventable risk factor for eyesight loss. Excessive use of electronic gadgets, on the other hand, has been linked to vision impairment in a variety of ways.
Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spotlight on the relationship between visual impairment and addiction to electronic devices use. The study's goal was to see if there was a link between Saudis' vision impairment and their addiction to using electronic devices, this is the suitable design for this research. The study was carried out among Saudi population. Data were collected from general population using questionnaire during the period from 22 August to 22 November 2020.
Results: The study included the participation of 344 participants from both genders and different age groups in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There were 211 female participants (61.3%) and 133 males (38.7%) took place in this study. The most prevalent age group was under the age of 25 years (n= 111, 32.3%) followed by the age group 25-35 (n= 104, 30.2%) while the least frequent age group was above 45 years (n= 54, 15.7%). On asking the participants whether they think that they have vision impairment or not, their answers were as follows: yes (n= 156, 45.3%), no (n= 131, 38.1) and maybe (n= 57, 16.6%). Due to the use electronic devices, there were 107 participants complained of headache (31.1%). And this was significantly related to the number of hours spent by study participants using electronic devices (P= 0.002) as well as significant for female gender more than male gender (P= 0.03).
Conclusion: The study showed statistically significant relationship between the number of hours spent on using electronic devices and visual impairment among study participants especially among female population more than male population. There is a need for awareness campaigns to increase health awareness among population to cut down the use of electronic devices.
Effectiveness of Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Thin Endometrium of Infertile Women
Authors: Choudhary Namrata , More Akash , Jha Roshankumar , Anjankar Ashish P. 
Published: January 2022

One of the key factors in implantation and pregnancy is endometrium. Sufficiently great percentage of in vitro fertilization failure is because of the endometrial receptivity therefore, high quality embryo and adequate receptive endometrial growth are important for successful implantation. Platelet rich plasma has beneficial effect in advancement of endometrial thickness for women with thin endometrial thickness. PRP can be used in various medical conditions including patients with refractory endometrium as a complementary therapy to conventional treatment.
Aim: To determine the effectiveness of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of thin endometrium of infertile women.
Objectives:

To identify infertile female patients with inadequate endometrial growth (less than 7 mm) in the past frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles despite standard treatments.
To observe intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in these infertile female patients with thin endometrium.
To determine the effectiveness of intrauterine infusion of autologous PRP in the treatment of thin endometrium of infertile women during In vitro fertilization (IVF).

Methods: It is a prospective observational study. Present study will be carried out with 30 patients. Women having inappropriate endometrial thickness of less than 7 mm, in past FET cycles will be included. Sonographic machine will be used; to measure endometrial thickness by an expert Gynecologist, where thickest part of uterus will be measured in longitudinal axis.
Expected Results: It is expected that intra uterine infusion of PRP will be effective in thickening of endometrial wall in patients with thin endometrium. Once the results are satisfactory it can be helpful for endometrial preparation in reproduction techniques.
Conclusion: Present study is purposed to testify PRP as a novel method for advancement of reproductive medicine, it will be helpful to overcome with the issues such as inadequate thickness of endometrium, poor response to conventional therapy and increase clinical pregnancies and live births positively.
Patient’s Knowledge and Attitude towards Post-extraction Instructions Following Permanent Teeth Extraction
Authors: Ramalingam Sundar , Alsaleh Mohammed Sulaiman , Almhidy Nasser Marje , Aljeadi Abdurrahman Abdurrazzaq , Almosa Omar Mohammed , Alshehri Abdulaziz Mohammed , Almayouf Abdulaziz Abdulrahman , Alosaimi Abdulaziz Fahad , Aldosari Abdulrahman Mohammed , Albaker Mohammed Mansoor , Albaker Abdullah Mansoor , Alrefaie Rahaf Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

Background: Post extraction complications may arise if the extraction done is traumatic or the tooth was placed at a difficult position; this could lead to post-extraction complications and knowledge about the prevention of the same is the need of the hour. Hence, the present study was conducted to explore the knowledge of the participants about the prevention of post-extraction complications.
Material and Methods: This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional descriptive study.
A total of 135 patients (75 males and 61females) were included in the study by the convenient method of sampling that visited the dental clinics of the College of Dentistry, Validated questionnaire was asked about post-extraction preventive knowledge. The statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 (SPSS Inc Chicago, IL, USA). The significant value was obtained by using the Chi-Square test and p < 0.05 was set to be significant.
Results: Females more than 50 years of age group had better post-extraction preventive knowledge and there was significant relation (p < 0.05). Socioeconomic level and gender distribution had significant relation with the level of post-extraction preventive knowledge (p < 0.05). The patients who had better knowledge followed their instructions precisely.
Conclusion: It was concluded that female, patients above the middle age group and more qualified patients had more post-extraction preventive knowledge and they also followed the instructions very strictly. The importance of the study came out that dentists and the dental assistants should explain and convince patients to follow proper post-operative instructions to avoid post operative complications.
The Critical Minimum Effort for Energy Poverty Challenge in India
Authors: Shameem P. Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

The Socio-Economic and Caste Census of 2011 shows the extent of deprivations of rural India. Around 73.4 % of families are residing in rural India, where over 77 million households depend on kerosene for lighting; 1 million use wood and as many as 1.2 million households in India remain completely in the dark. Improvement in - Access, Availability, Adequacy, and Quality of energy can contribute to poverty reduction from various aspects. From a policy-making perspective increasing access to modern energy services require, first, the integration of energy access into national development strategies, and then strong and sustainable financial, institutional, and technology frameworks must be set up. The restatement of the theory of critical minimum effort is to make a plan for the effort that needs to break the environment of inertia of energy poverty. This paper discusses the minimum effort necessary to achieve a steady secular supply of basic energy requirements for people in need. It is alarming fact that today billions of people lack access to the most basic energy services, electricity, and clean cooking facilities, and, worse, this situation is set to change very little over the next 20 years. This paper explains how to set the needed change in the orientation and execution for the service delivery mechanism of energy.
Aims: The restatement of the theory of critical minimum effort as a plan to achieve a steady secular supply of basic energy requirements for people in need.
Study Design: Descriptive analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Macro-level analysis on India based on Socio-Economic and caste census of 2011.
Methodology: Review-driven theoretical analysis.
Conclusion: Restates those large-scale actions are needed to take people out of the vicious circle of energy poverty.
Ultra‐Sensitive Cubic‐ITO/Silicon Photodiode via Interface Engineering of Native SiOx and Lattice‐Strain‐Assisted Atomic Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Loh Joel Y. Y. , Flood Andrew G. , Mao Chengliang , Sharma Geetu , Kherani Nazir P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA highly orientated cubic indium tin oxide (c‐ITO)/native SiOx/n‐Si Schottky photodiode with negligible electronic noise is demonstrated. This extraordinary property is achieved via simple interface engineering, which combines native SiOx, facile air‐annealing, and the resulting ITO‐lattice‐strain‐assisted oxidation of proximal underlying Si atoms. An exceptionally well‐passivated ITO/n‐Si interface is realized, which leads to a heretofore unreported single‐atom‐thin inversion layer observed via transmission electron microscopy imaging. The device exhibits a record‐low dark current density of ≈3 × 10–8 A cm–2 at −5 V, a tenfold reduction over the lowest reported value. Additional excellent optoelectronic properties achieved include self‐powered operation, high quantum efficiency, fast time response, and ultra‐high sensitivity for low illumination signals. Interface characterization reveals that ITO‐lattice relaxation and oxygen diffusion during annealing create a highly ordered c‐ITO crystal and an extended ≈2.2 nm SiOx interlayer formed via atomic oxidation of the underlying pristine Si, thus rendering a high‐quality interface. Moreover, the Schottky barrier is further enhanced by the presence of negatively charged sub‐stoichiometric silicon oxide interlayer. These results bring forth new insights in the surface atomic oxidation process and the significance of natively grown SiOx which together contribute to the realization of economic highly sensitive photodetectors.
Smart Responsive Photoelectric Organic Modulator Integrated with Versatile Optoelectronic Characteristics
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Fang , Lin He , Li Shuang‐Shuang , Xie Hui , Zhang Jia‐Ling , Ji Dong‐Zhou , Yan Yu , Liu Xu , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntegrating photonics and electronics into a single chip with a variety of capabilities is attracting particular interest for achieving high‐density and high‐speed multifunctional smart optoelectronic systems. However, it remains challenging to realize this goal because of the difficulty of merging various areas of science and technology. A smart responsive integrated photoelectric organic modulator is created here, which can not only possess emission wavelength switching tunability in response to light and heat but also show good optical amplification performance and field‐effect transistor properties. By applying external stimuli on the resulting smart responsive system based on the judicious combination of conjugated polymers and photochromic molecules can enable efficient and reversible tuning of light emission between red and yellow via a controllable way through effective manipulation of energy transfer channels induced by optical and thermal stimuli. More importantly, stimuli‐responsive emission, optical amplification, and efficient carrier transport can be simultaneously integrated in a single device with optical and electrical performance comparable to those of stand‐alone devices. The results suggest an effective way to create smart integration of photonic and electronic elements in a chip with multifunctional optoelectronic characteristics for various applications such as integrated photonics, electronics, optoelectronics, and smart sensing.
Surface Phosphatization for a Sawdust‐Derived Carbon Catalyst as Kinetics Promoter and Corrosion Preventer in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Huang Huancheng , Cheng Changjing , Zhang Guoliang , Guo Liang , Li Gaoyang , Pan Min , Dang Feng , Mai Xianmin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStrong oxidant intermediates and the formation of byproducts during the discharge/charge process are the main challenges in the degradation of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). A facile approach to maintain the stability of the cathode catalyst and avoid the formation of byproducts is essential for the development of LOBs. Here, a sawdust‐derived carbon catalyst is fabricated and subjected to surface phosphatization to suppress corrosion between carbon and electrolyte/products. This prevents the formation of byproducts from parasitic reactions and boosts the reaction kinetics of the carbon catalyst in LOBs. The doped P atoms will prior to substitute an N atom in pyrrolic‐N sites to form graphitic PN sites, instead of the graphitic PC sites. Experimental and density functional theory calculations reveal that the graphitic PN sites can function as a reaction kinetics promoter for the formation/decomposition of discharge products. Moreover, the graphitic PN sites can also prevent the formation of byproduct Li2CO3 from the corrosion of the carbon catalyst, despite its poor catalytic capability in LOBs. As a result, the sawdust‐derived P‐doped catalyst exhibits an enhanced specific capacity of ≈20 000 mAh g–1 and long cycle stability of 226 and 160 cycles at 200 and 500 mA g–1, respectively.
Dual‐Functional NbN Ultrafine Nanocrystals Enabling Kinetically Boosted Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Shi Nianxiang , Xi Baojuan , Liu Jie , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Song Ning , Chen Weihua , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, NbN nanocrystals immobilized on N‐doped carbon nanosheets to functionalize a polypropylene (PP) membrane (NbN@NC/PP) with a thin coating of only 4 µm are designed and synthesized. The functional modifier layer allows for sulfur‐involved transformations and also lithium plating behaviors. On the one hand, the sulfur cell with NbN@NC/PP separator exhibits excellent cycling stability and rate capacity. The good electrochemical performance partially results from the strong chemical interactions between NbN and lithium polysulfides via the formation of NbS and NLi bonds, which is proven by the first‐principles calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The formation of tiny nanoscrystals (<2 nm) and clusters tends to maximize the surface of NbN to interact with polysulfides and enable the effective catalysis over the sulfur‐involved reactions. The higher exchange current density and Li+ diffusion coefficient of NbN@NC/PP cells experimentally verify that the introduction of NbN indeed catalytically accelerates the reaction kinetics. On the other hand, the performance of Li//Li symmetric cells demonstrates that the NbN@NC modifier layer can well induce homogeneous lithium deposition. This work confirms the application potential of NbN in lithium–sulfur batteries and encourages the exploration of prospective nitrides to engineer high performance next‐generation batteries.
Polarization Sensitive Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Ultrawide Bandgap KNb3O8 Nanobelt with Fringe‐Like Atomic Lattice
Authors: Ping Yue , Long Haoran , Liu Hui , Chen Chao , Zhang Nannan , Jing Hongmei , Lu Jiangbo , Zhao Yiwei , Yang Zimeng , Li Wei , Ma Fei , Fang Xiaosheng , Wei Zhongming , Xu Hua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow‐dimensional ultrawide bandgap semiconductors demonstrate great potential in fabricating solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors. However, the widespread use of detectors is still limited by the low responsivity, large noise, and dark current, and especially few detectors can fulfill the solar‐blind ultraviolet detection and the polarization dependence simultaneously. Herein, a polarization sensitive solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetector based on ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelts synthesized via chemical vapor deposition growth, is reported. By selecting suitable substrate and tuning the growth temperature, the nonlayered KNb3O8 crystal is grown into the quasi‐1D ultrathin nanobelt with thickness in the range of 4.8–120 nm. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results indicate that the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt possesses an ultrawide bandgap (4.15 eV) as well as unusual in‐plane structural anisotropy. Benefiting from the above features, the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt‐based device exhibits superior photodetection performances with high responsivity (30 A W−1), high detectivity (5.95 × 1011 Jones), and ultralow dark current (7.1 × 10−15 A) in the solar‐blind ultraviolet region (230–280 nm). In addition, the KNb3O8 photodetector displays strong polarization sensitive photoresponse with a linear dichroic ratio of 1.62 at 254 nm. With these remarkable features, the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt provides great opportunities for designing the next‐generation multifunctional solar‐blind ultraviolet optoelectronic devices.
Low‐Energy UV Ultrafast Laser Controlled Lift‐Off for High‐Quality Flexible GaN‐Based Device
Authors: Sun Weigao , Ji Lingfei , Lin Zhenyuan , Zheng Jincan , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Litian , Yan Tianyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA one‐step laser lift‐off (LLO) for patterned gallium nitride (GaN) film and GaN‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) device is achieved using 355 nm picosecond laser irradiation in this research. The laser fluence required for separation is 0.09–0.13 J cm−2, which is much lower than that for the currently reported LLO methods. The separated GaN film is intact with only 0.04 GPa of residual stress. The ultra‐smooth separated surface with root mean square roughness of only 5.2 nm is attributed to the interconnection of microcrack‐free flat cavities formed by the combination of high photon energy‐induced intrinsic absorption and subsequent plasma generation. The flat cavity with a depth‐to‐width ratio of 1:4000 limits the delamination region to a few nanometers at the GaN/sapphire interface. GaN‐based LED is transferred with perfect electroluminescence (EL) by the strategy. The stable EL spectral peak positions and intensity independent of the bending state prove that the presented low‐energy ultrafast LLO technique ensured the flexibility of the separated LED device without affecting the performance. This research provides a promising strategy to achieve the LLO of GaN devices with low energy consumption, high controllability, and high efficiency, which is significant for the industrial fabrication of flexible GaN‐based electronics.
PLGA's Plight and the Role of Stealth Surface Modification Strategies in Its Use for Intravenous Particulate Drug Delivery
Authors: Sheffey Violet V. , Siew Emily B. , Tanner Eden E. L. , Eniola‐Adefeso Omolola 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNumerous human disorders can benefit from targeted, intravenous (IV) drug delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles have been designed to undergo systemic circulation and deliver their therapeutic cargo to target sites in a controlled manner. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) is a particularly promising biomaterial for designing intravenous drug carriers due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and history of clinical success across other routes of administration. Despite these merits, PLGA remains markedly absent in clinically approved IV drug delivery formulations. A prominent factor in PLGA particles' inability to succeed intravenously may lie in the hydrophobic character of the polyester, leading to the adsorption of serum proteins (i.e., opsonization) and a cascade of events that end in their premature clearance from the bloodstream. PEGylation, or surface‐attached polyethylene glycol chains, is a common strategy for shielding particles from opsonization. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) continues to be regarded as the ultimate “stealth” solution despite the lack of clinical progress of PEGylated PLGA carriers. This review reflects on some of the reasons for the clinical failure of PLGA, particularly the drawbacks of PEGylation, and highlights alternative surface coatings on PLGA particles. Ultimately, a new approach will be needed to harness the potential of PLGA nanoparticles and allow their widespread clinical adoption.