bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico-pathological study of cervical lymph nodes in children using ultrasound scan and FNAC: a hospital-based study
Authors: Ramana Reddy G. V. , Mallikharjuna Reddy M. , Reddy Mittakanti Jawali , Prashanth Dussa 
Published: May 2022

Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest clinical diagnostic dilemmas in children. The diagnosis plays key role in the management of cervical lymphadenopathy. Various methods of diagnosis include non-invasive and invasive procedures. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive readily available investigation for evaluation of cervical lymph nodes. One of the most reliable, less expensive diagnostic procedure is fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 150 children in SVS Medical College Hospital, Mahabubnagar between January 2017 and January 2020. Ultrasonography followed by FNAC of lymph node was done in all children. Microsoft office excel software used for the data analysis. Sample size was calculated with 85% confidence level and 5% margin of error.Results: Out of 150 patients 79 were non-specific reactive lymphadenitis. 54 were granulomatous lymphadenitis.15 were lymphomas. 2 were malignant.Conclusions: Both ultrasonography and FNAC are very useful tools in the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy in children.
Reliableness of Telegram between different evaluators in emergency general surgery practice
Authors: Chaudhari Sandipkumar , Patel Jimitkumar , Talvelkar Ajay , Pancholi Nayan , Bagwan Latif 
Published: May 2022

Background: 'Telegram' is a popularly used social media application in routine clinical practice, often for communication between a resident doctor and a consultant. The purpose of this study is to establish the reliableness of the data transmitted through telegram to validate its use in general surgery practice.Methods: Clinical findings and computerized tomographic (CT) images of 180 patients visiting the trauma center and emergency department were posted in a closed Telegram group involving three consultants (SSC, NBP, and LSB). The CT images were posted in the Telegram group as complete picture (CP) and picture of interest (POI) format and rated on a scale of 1-5. The consultants formulated a temporary diagnosis and initial management plan. The reliableness between different evaluators of these feedbacks was analyzed in our study.Results: Mean CP rating ranged from 3.03±0.61 to 3.73±0.64 [Cronbach alfa (α)-0.494, p=0.006]. Mean POI rating ranged from 3.4±0.56 to 4.13±0.73 (α-0.824, p<0.0001). For diagnosis, the proportion of observed agreement (P0) was 83.3% for SSC and NP, 76.6% for SSC and LB, and 73.3% for NBP and LSB. For management, P0 was 86.6% for NBP and LSB, 86.6% for SSC and NBP, and 80% for SSC and LSB.Conclusions: Telegram messenger serves to transmit good quality pictures of CT scan images. A reasonable diagnosis and management strategy can be formulated using this app with a fair reliableness between different evaluators.
Association between the level of high-sensitivity troponin I (Hs-Trop I) and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction of segment elevation (STEMI) with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Authors: Daniel Daniel , Saputra Firandi , Bagaswoto Hendry Purnasidha , Setianto Budi Yuli 
Published: May 2022

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a condition which increases the risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). For patients with STEMI, an efficient method of risk stratification is necessary in order to evaluate the clinical outcome. Troponin has been commonly used in the diagnosis of both STEMI and NSTEMI. The use of high sensitivity assays of troponin has been extensively studied in order to measure the size of myocardial damage caused by STEMI. This study aimed to investigate the association between the level of high sensitivity troponin I (Hs-Trop I) and the incidence of MACEs in patients with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving a total of 195 patients. Data were obtained from both the SCIENCE (Sardjito Cardiovascular Intensive Care) registry and the medical record of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. Pearson’s Chi square test to evaluate the association between variables was applied. To determine the effect of confounding variables, a multivariate analysis was used. A significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the supramedian and inframedian Hs-Trop I groups (cutoff value of 2063.8 ng/mL) in age, onset, total ischemic time, wire crossing time and the smoking history of both groups was observed. Bivariate analysis showed a significant associations between Hs-Trop I and MACEs (p = 0.033), acute heart failure (p = 0.009) as well as mortality (p = 0.024). Meanwhile, no significant association between Hs-Trop I and cardiogenic shock (p = 0.977) and malignant arrythmia (p = 0.551) was reported. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed Hs-Trop I, age and wire crossing time were significantly associated with the incidence of MACEs (p = 0.045). In conclusion, there is a significant association between the Hs-Trop I levels and the MACEs events in STEMI patients with primary PCI in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
The type of androgenetic alopecia and quality of life (QoL) in male patients
Authors: Nasution Khairina , Pradigo Raynald , Chandra Rudi 
Published: May 2022

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a nonscarring baldness that mostly affects >50% men worldwide. Hair loss led to psychological difficulties and have a negative impact on the quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the type of AGA and QoL in male patients. A total of 67 male AGA patients were clinically assessed using the Hamilton-Norwood scale and interviewed using the Hair-Specific Skindex-29 scale to assess QoL. The patients were predominantly in the age group 31-50 years (50.7%), mean age 49.60 years, grade I obese (32.8%), mean BMI 24.93 kg/cm2, 41.8% with father’s AGA history, smoking (62.7%), smoking >100 cigarettes in last 6 months (41.8%), and have hypertension (16.4%) and diabetes mellitus (3%) as concomitant diseases. Based on Noorwood-Hamilton scale, the types of AGA were predominantly type II (25.4%) and followed by type III (16.4%). The results of the Hair Specific Skindex-29 on AGA patients were moderate (58.2%) and severe (41.8%). There were a relationship between AGA type and QoL (p = 0.041) and significant positive correlation between AGA type and QoL (p = 0.020, r = 0.282). In conclusion, patients experienced moderate to severe impact on QoL due to AGA. Thus, every increased in the type of AGA will impact patient’s quality of life.Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a nonscarring baldness that mostly affects >50% men worldwide. Hair loss led to psychological difficulties and have a negative impact on the quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the type of AGA and QoL in male patients. A total of 67 male AGA patients were clinically assessed using the Hamilton-Norwood scale and interviewed using the Hair-Specific Skindex-29 scale to assess QoL. The patients were predominantly <span style="mso-spacerun: 'yes'; font-family:
Malignant bilateral ovarian steroid cell tumor without androgenic manifestation: an unusual finding
Authors: Theresia Emilia , Irsan Bob , Dwianingsih Ery Kus , Fahmi Moh Nailul , Pradjatmo Heru , Irianiwati . 
Published: May 2022

Steroid cell tumor is a rarest ovarian neoplasm, classified as a pure stromal tumor and mostly is unilateral. Even though this tumor can exhibit malignant behavior but the morphology of cells showed benign characteristics which can become a diagnosis pitfall especially in the frozen section. Moreover patient without any hormonal imbalance or virilizing signs could make the diagnosis process more difficult. Here we reported a case bilateral steroid cell tumor of the ovary in a 42 y.o. unmarried woman without any virilization or hirsutism symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a right ovarian solid tumor accompanied by ascites and right pleural effusion. There was significantly increased of Ca 125 level (1138 U/mL) and normal level of testosterone (0.10 ng/mL). Frozen section was done from the right ovarium mass and ascites fluid, the result was benign. From the total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy tissues, histological picture showed diffuse and nests tumor separated by thin fibrous connective tissue with small round centered nuclei, mild atypia, and abundant pale cytoplasm. Large area of necrosis was found especially in the right ovarian tumor, tumor implant to the right fallopian tube and in the uterine serous layer. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain was negative in more than half tumor cells population. Immunostaining for Melan-A and Calretinin were focally positive, with Ki-67 labeling index ± 5%, and negative for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Based on the tumor size, necrosis area, tumor implantation, and immunohistochemistry profiles, we conclude that were malignant steroid cell tumor. Currently, the patient is undergoing postoperative recovery and planned for platinum-based chemotherapy. A careful correlation between clinical and radiological findings, as well as histopathological results, is always essential, as is amply demonstrated by this particular case.
E-Cigarette Flavors, Devices, and Brands Used by Youths Before and After Partial Flavor Restrictions in the United States: Canada, England, and the United States, 2017‒2020
Authors: Hammond David , Reid Jessica L. , Burkhalter Robin , Bansal Travers Maansi , Gravely Shannon , Hyland Andy , Kasza Karin , McNeill Ann 
Published: May 2022

Objectives. To examine the impact of US restrictions implemented in February 2020 prohibiting flavors other than menthol and tobacco in cartridge-based e-cigarettes. Methods. We analyzed 5 cross-sectional waves of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Youth Tobacco and Vaping Surveys, conducted online with youths aged 16 to 19 years in the United States, Canada, and England, for differences in usual e-cigarette flavor, device, and brand reported by past-30-day vapers (n = 9512) before (2017, 2018, 2019), during (February 2020), and after (August 2020) implementation of US flavor restrictions. Results. In August 2020, 78.7% of vapers in the United States reported using a flavor prohibited in cartridges or pods, versus 86.3% in Canada (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.25, 1.40) and 79.8% in England (AOR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.78, 1.55). Disposable e-cigarettes (exempt from flavor restrictions) increased to a greater extent among vapers in the United States (13.2% to 36.8%) versus Canada (7.7% to 14.2%; AOR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.33, 3.04) and England (10.8% to 16.4%; AOR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.52, 3.57). Puff Bar (disposable) emerged as the most popular brand in the United States. Conclusions. Usual flavors used by youth vapers in the United States were unchanged after 2020 restrictions on cartridge-based e-cigarettes. Youths used brands and devices exempt from the restrictions. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(7):1014–1024. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306780 )
A Neural Network Model with Connectivity-Based Topology for Production Prediction in Complex Subsurface Flow Systems
Authors: Yu Junjie , Jahandideh Atefeh , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: May 2022

Summary
This paper presents a neural network architecture for prediction of production performance under different operating conditions by integration of domain insight and simulated production response data. The neural network topology in the developed approach is derived from interwell communication and connectivity between a producer and its surrounding supporting injection wells. Instead of a fully connected neural network that represents a global (field-scale) model that allows any injector to be connected to a given producer, and hence too many unrealistic and irrelevant connections, a local view is taken in building the proxy model. In this case, each producer is assumed to be supported by very few surrounding injection wells and is likely to have weak or no communication with distant wells. However, interwell connectivity in complex large-scale reservoirs is not just a function of distance and rather difficult to determine. Therefore, multiple randomly sized regions around each producer are considered to include different numbers of injectors in each local network for any given producer. The variability in the neighborhood size reflects the prior uncertainty about the potential connectivity between a producer and its nearby injection wells at different distances. This approach results in many local neural networks (several local networks per each producer) that can be aggregated into a single large neural network model with a predefined topological structure to represent possible connections. Training with simulated data is then used to estimate the weights in the resulting neural network architecture. Once the training process is completed, for each producer, the local model with the best prediction performance on the test data is selected and used to construct the final topology of the neural network model for the entire field. The method is applied to predict interwell connectivity and oil production in a large-scale mature field that undergoes waterflooding. The results demonstrate that even a simple domain insight, such as distance-based elimination of wells in a large field, can significantly reduce the amount of training data need and lead to noticeable improvement in the prediction performance of the resulting neural network model.
Factors Affecting Renewable Energy Technology Adoption Policies of 50 States and District of Columbia in the United States
Authors: Roberts Samantha , Roland Tristan , Amarasekara Ananda S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Renewable energy policies and adoption of new renewable energy technologies in different states of the United states are not uniform. The factors affecting the trends in adopting electrical energy generation using sustainable resources: wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and biomass as well as registered all electric vehicles in 50 states and district of Columbia in the United States was analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis. Eight contributing factors: percentages of high school graduates; college graduates; total population; land area; percentage of water covered area; average annual income and registered democrats in the state were selected as predictor variables. Among eight factors considered, percentage of registered democrats was found as the most influencing factor (p = 0.00543) determining the renewable electrical energy adoption. The transition to all electric cars strongly co-related to higher average annual income of the population (p = 0.00141). In conclusion, an aggressive education campaign by environmentalist and pro-sustainability groups may help in de-coupling the energy and environment policies in the United States from political ideologies in order to achieve a more sustainable future.
Urban outdoor thermal environment and adaptive thermal comfort during the summer
Authors: Zhen Meng , Zou Weihan , Zheng Rui , Lu Yujie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The outdoor thermal environment is an important factor when measuring the livability of a city. Residents will avoid intense heat by reducing their outdoor activities, which decreases the vitality of a city and increases the energy consumed for air conditioning. Outdoor thermal comfort has a great impact on outdoor activities; therefore, we need to evaluate and design the urban outdoor thermal environments in cold regions to improve the outdoor thermal comfort level. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the outdoor thermal comfort and adaptive thermal comfort in four different urban forms in Xi'an during July 2019, and measuring meteorological parameters, such as the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and black bulb temperature. The results are showed as follows. (1) In the cold study area, urban residents generally perceived the outdoor climate as relatively hot during the summer. (2) The participants exhibited psychological and physical adaptations in terms of their thermal comfort. In particular, when the PET was 30°C, the MTCV was about 1.25 points higher in the later summer period than the early summer period. (3) The neutral PET differs among regions and it is affected by the climate zone and latitude. Comparisons of our results with thermal comfort studies in different regions such as Singapore and Umeå in north Sweden showed that the thermal comfort is correlated with the regional climate and latitude. The neutral PET is higher in tropical regions. Our findings support the theoretical understanding of adaptive thermal comfort in cold regions and they provide a reference for formulating policies related to adaptive thermal comfort.
Lrg1 inhibits the activation of hepatic macrophages to alleviate NAFLD by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling
Authors: XU LONGFEI , HAN JING , YANG ZHE , YANG YANPING , CHEN JINHUI , WU XIJUN , HONG YAN , WANG QI 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excessive hepatic lipid deposition, and is characterized by hepatocyte steatosis, the accumulation of immune cells and the increased expression of inflammatory factors. Hepatic macrophages are the main hepatic immune cells, which play a decisive role in NAFLD. The inhibition of the M1 polarization of hepatic macrophages or the depletion of hepatic macrophages can alleviate hepatic steatosis and inflammation.Methods and Results: NAFLD mouse model was established by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, the expression of Lrg1 in liver tissues was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Then expression of Lrg1 in steatotic hepatocytes was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Finally, Western-blot analysis, Real-time PCR, HE staining and immumohistochemical staining were performed to confirm the Lrg1 inhibits the activation of hepatic macrophages to alleviate NAFLD by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling. The results of present study demonstrated that Lrg1 inhibited the polarization of M1 liver macrophages induced by steatotic hepatocyte-derived conditioned medium by enhancing TGF-β1 signaling, and Lrg1 also alleviated liver inflammation induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) via TGF-β1 signaling. In addition, the expression level of Lrg1 was significantly decreased in liver tissues from mice with HFD-induced steatosis. Conclusion: Our findings identify that HFD-induced hepatic expression of Lrg1 was significantly downregulated，Lrg1 inhibits the infiltration of hepatic macrophages to alleviates fatty liver inflammation through enhancing TGF-β1 signaling.
Impact of Rapid Urbanization and Changes Face of Landuse on Urban Wetland: Acase Study of Berhampore Municipality, Murshidabad, West Bengal (India)
Authors: Roy Subham Kumar , Mondal Chumki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wetlands play a vital role in environmental protection. Wetland works not only as kidney of environment but also they provide us water storage, urban flood control, recharge of groundwater, water purifications, agricultural facilities, wildlife resource management, and recreation spots. In present day rapid unplanned urbanization process is shooting low risky high profitable zone wetland areas because of huge amount population pressure in urban sector and lack of awareness about environmental protection. Berhampore town is one of the important towns which is located in the Murshidabad district of West Bengal and express rapid urban growth. Because of the rapid unplanned urban growth land use and land cover are changing very rapidly within very short time gap which may impacts on the local land resources. Through this paper we want to show the present day scenario of Wetlands in municipality area, how wetlands are affected by unplanned urbanization directly or indirectly with the help of landuse landcover change, we are also using some indices to summarized present actual relation between wetland and built up area. To find out the present scenario wetland and built up area of Berhampore town Normalized Difference Wetland Index, Normalized Difference Built up Area Index, Modified Normalized Difference Wetland Index, Normalized Difference Pond Index and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index etc have been used with the help of Landsat Satellite images(TM and OLI-TIRS sensor) from 1991 to 2021 .This study express that amount area of wetland are continuous declining over time and amount areas of built up areas are continuous increased form urban core to fringe area. Water is most precious to all over the world but due to endless demands of people they forget the ethical manners of human beings. This study will throw a new enlighten on the study of urban wetland status.
Morphological and molecular characteristics of Sarcocystis sp. in donkeys from China
Authors: Zhang Mingzhu , Wei Kaiwen , Wu Zhipeng , Sun Jun , Hu Junjie , Deng Shuangsheng , Tao Jianping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There is considerable confusion concerning the relationships among species of Sarcocystis found in donkeys and horses. Here, sarcocysts obtained from donkeys (Equus asinus) were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Sarcocysts were diagnosed in 12 of 32 (37.5%) Chinese donkeys and could be divided into two types, thin-walled and thick-walled, with the aid of light microscopy (LM). The thin-walled sarcocysts were macroscopic (up to 4856 × 320 µm in size) and had short club-like protrusions of up to 2.7 µm; the thick-walled sarcocysts were microscopic (up to 3750 × 135 µm in size) and had villar protrusions of up to 5.4 µm. The ultrastructures of the two types exhibited highly similar morphological characteristics, including bundled microtubules in the core of the villar protrusions penetrating diagonally into the ground substance, similar to wall type 11c. Three genetic markers, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and mitochondrial cox1, were sequenced and analyzed in the two types. The three genetic markers presented high intraspecific similarity between the two types, ranging from 97.2–99.5%, 97.8–99.6% and 99.0 − 99.9%, respectively. The comparison of these sequences with those of Sarcocystis spp. previously deposited in GenBank showed that the newly obtained sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and mitochondrial cox1 presented identities of 90.0 − 97.5%, 94.7 − 95.1% and 82.6 − 84.5%, respectively, with those of S. bertrami and S. fayeri obtained from horses. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based on the mitochondrial cox1 sequences of donkey and horse sarcocysts revealed three fragments (196, 243 and 641 bp) and two fragments (416 and 644 bp), respectively, upon digestion with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and HinfI. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA or mitochondrial cox1 sequences revealed that donkey sarcocysts formed an individual clade with Sarcocystis spp. obtained from horses. Based on the divergence of the three sarcocyst genetic markers, especially mitochondrial cox1, between donkeys and horses, the Sarcocystis sp. sarcocysts in donkeys were different with those obtained from horses. The cross-infection of Sarcocystis between donkeys and horses needs to be attempted for further confirmation in the future.