bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Functional Heterogeneity of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts with Distinct IL6-Mediated Therapy Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: McAndrews Kathleen M. , Chen Yang , Darpolor J. Kebbeh , Zheng Xiaofeng , Yang Sujuan , Carstens Julienne L. , Li Bingrui , Wang Huamin , Miyake Toru , Correa de Sampaio Pedro , Kirtley Michelle L. , Natale Mariangela , Wu Chia-Chin , Sugimoto Hikaru , LeBleu Valerie S. , Kalluri Raghu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves a significant accumulation of fibroblasts as part of the host response to cancer. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplex immunostaining, and several genetic mouse models, we identify carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) with opposing functions in PDAC progression. Depletion of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)+ CAFs results in increased survival, in contrast to depletion of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ CAFs, which leads to decreased survival. Tumor-promoting FAP+ CAFs (TP-CAF) and tumor-restraining αSMA+ CAFs (TR-CAF) differentially regulate cancer-associated pathways and accumulation of regulatory T cells. Improved efficacy of gemcitabine is observed when IL6 is deleted from αSMA+ CAFs but not from FAP+ CAFs using dual-recombinase genetic PDAC models. Improved gemcitabine efficacy due to lack of IL6 synergizes with anti–PD-1 immunotherapy to significantly improve survival of PDAC mice. Our study identifies functional heterogeneity of CAFs in PDAC progression and their different roles in therapy response.Significance:PDAC is associated with accumulation of dense stroma consisting of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix that regulate tumor progression. Here, we identify two distinct populations of fibroblasts with opposing roles in the progression and immune landscape of PDAC. Our findings demonstrate that fibroblasts are functionally diverse with therapeutic implications.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397
Wearable Smartwatch Facilitated Remote Health Management for Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Liu Xianbao , Fan Jiaqi , Guo Yuchao , Dai Hanyi , Xu Jianguo , Wang Lihan , Hu Po , Lin Xinping , Li Cheng , Zhou Dao , Li Huajun , Wang Jian’an 
Published: March 2022

Background
In the recent decades, the development of novel digital health technologies enables doctors to monitor ECG and vital signs remotely. But the data on applying the noninvasive wearable smartwatch on patients with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are unknown.

Methods and Results

We performed a prospective, observational cohort study to evaluate the feasibility of a novel, virtual, and remote health care strategy for patients with TAVR discharged to home with smart wearable devices. A total of 100 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent elective transfemoral TAVR were enrolled and received the Huawei smartwatch at least 1 day before TAVR. Vital signs, including heart rate, rhythm, oxygen saturation, and activity, were continuously recorded. Single‐lead ECG was recorded twice per day in the week following TAVR discharge and at least 2 days a week for the subsequent month after TAVR discharge. A designated heart team member provided remote health care with the data from the smartwatch when the patient had a need. Thirty‐eight cardiac events were reported in 34 patients after discharge, with most of the events (76.0%) detected and confirmed by the smartwatch. Six patients were advised and readmitted to the hospital for arrhythmia events detected by the smartwatch, of whom 4 patients received pacemaker implantation. The remaining 28 (82.4%) patients received telemedicine monitoring instead of face‐to‐face clinical visits, and 3 of them received new medication treatment under the online guidance of doctors. New‐onset left branch bundle block was found in 48 patients, with transient characteristics, and recovered spontaneously in 30 patients, and new‐onset atrial fibrillation was detected in 4 patients. There were no significant differences in the average weekly heart rates or the ratio of abnormal or low oxygen saturation when compared with the baseline. The average daily steps increased over time significantly (baseline, 870±1353 steps; first week, 1986±2406 steps; second week, 2707±2716 steps; third week, 3059±3036 steps; fourth week, 3678±3485 steps,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Smartwatches can facilitate remote health care for patients discharged to home after undergoing TAVR and enable a novel remote follow‐up strategy. The majority of cardiac clinical events that occurred within 30‐day follow‐up were detected by the smartwatch, mainly because of the record of conduction abnormality.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04454177.
On Werner Schroeter
Authors: Mauss Nick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this essay, artist Nick Mauss draws attention to the slippage between image and sound in Werner Schroeter's early films, proposing that the deliberate misalignment between song, speech, gesture, and affect opens a space of radical intimacies and unforeseen expressive potentialities that inflect Mauss' own work. Tracing Schroeter's influences through romantic and modernist literature, avant-garde film, philosophy, pop music, and, most importantly, through the advent of the lip sync as a performative resistance to interpellation, Mauss also addresses Schroeter's artistic debt to the filmmaker Edward Owens.
On Moist Potential Temperatures and Their Ability to Characterize Differences in the Properties of Air Parcels
Authors: Marquet Pascal , Stevens Bjorn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA framework is introduced to compare moist “potential” temperatures. The equivalent potential temperatureθe, the liquid water potential temperatureθℓ, and the entropy potential temperatureθsare all shown to be potential temperatures, in the sense that they measure the temperatures of certain reference-state systems whose entropy is the same as that of the air parcel. They only differ in the choice of reference-state composition—θℓdescribes the temperature a condensate-free state,θea vapor-free state, andθsa water-free state—required to have the same entropy as the given state. Although in this senseθe,θℓ, andθsare all different flavors of the same thing, onlyθℓsatisfies the stricter definition of a “potential temperature,” as corresponding to a reference temperature accessible by an isentropic and closed transformation of a system in equilibrium; bothθeandθℓmeasure the “relative” enthalpy of an air parcel at their respective reference states, but onlyθsmeasures air-parcel entropy. None mix linearly, but all do so approximately, and all reduce to the dry potential temperatureθin the limit as the water mass fraction goes to zero. As is well known,θdoes mix linearly and inherits all the favorable (entropic, enthalpic, and potential temperature) properties of its various—but descriptively less rich—moist counterparts. All involve quite complex expressions, but admit relatively simple and useful approximations. Of the three moist “potential” temperatures,θsis the least familiar, but the most well mixed in the broader tropics, a property that merits further study as a possible basis for constraining mixing processes.
Close Linkage of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset and Extreme Rainfall in May over Southeast Asia: Role of the Synoptic-Scale Systems
Authors: Hu Peng , Chen Wen , Li Zhibo , Chen Shangfeng , Wang Lin , Liu Yuyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on multiple datasets and methods, this study reveals a close relation between the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset and the occurrence frequency of extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia (including the Indochina Peninsula, Hainan Island, and the Philippines) in May. Specifically, an early SCSSM onset tends to be accompanied by a higher chance of extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia, while a late SCSSM onset is likely to coincide with less heavy rainfall in May. It is suggested that the amplitude of tropical synoptic-scale systems may play an important role in the linkage between the SCSSM onset and the extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia. Accompanying an early SCSSM onset, anomalous cyclonic circulation appears over the SCS and Philippine Sea, which tends to increase the quantity of midtroposphere moisture via moisture advection and Ekman pumping. Besides, the barotropic energy conversion (from mean kinetic to eddy kinetic energy) associated with this anomalous cyclone will facilitate the development of the synoptic-scale systems. The vertical easterly wind shear accompanying an early SCSSM onset will confine the synoptic-scale wave train to the lower troposphere, which is also favorable for its growth. Once these synoptic-scale systems develop, the baroclinic process (from eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy) will further promote their development. As such, the intensity of synoptic-scale systems is much stronger in early than late SCSSM onset years. The increased moisture and vigorous synoptic-scale systems further lead to an increase in the occurrence of extreme rainfall over Southeast Asia.
Measuring Export Related Port Logistics in India: An Attempt to Rank Major Ports
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Dripto , Pohit Sanjib , Gupta Devendra B. 
Published: March 2022

The main objective of this article is to showcase the major activities/processes each exporter/importer needs to go through in any land port, seaport or airport. The article looks into the processes, time taken during various processes, the perceptions of stakeholders about the extent of challenges they face during these processes and the logistics costs. Finally, the article provides a comparison across exporting ports in terms of their efficiency in clearing cargo. However, we have also attempted to measure of the efficiency of the port in terms of cargo offloading. JEL Codes: P45, R41, R48, Q37
Human Robot Collaboration for Enhancing Work Activities
Authors: Liu Li , Schoen Andrew J. , Henrichs Curt , Li Jingshan , Mutlu Bilge , Zhang Yajun , Radwin Robert G. 
Published: March 2022

Objective Trade-offs between productivity, physical workload (PWL), and mental workload (MWL) were studied when integrating collaborative robots (cobots) into existing manual work by optimizing the allocation of tasks. Background As cobots become more widely introduced in the workplace and their capabilities greatly improved, there is a need to consider how they can best help their human partners. Methods A theoretical data-driven analysis was conducted using the O*NET Content Model to evaluate 16 selected jobs for associated work context, skills, and constraints. Associated work activities were ranked by potential for substitution by a cobot. PWL and MWL were estimated using variables from the O*Net database that represent variables for the Strain Index and NASA-TLX. An algorithm was developed to optimize work activity assignment to cobots and human workers according to their most suited abilities. Results Human workload for some jobs decreased while workload for some jobs increased after cobots were reassigned tasks, and residual human capacity was used to perform job activities designated the most important to increase productivity. The human workload for other jobs remained unchanged. Conclusions The changes in human workload from the introduction of cobots may not always be beneficial for the human worker unless trade-offs are considered. Application: The framework of this study may be applied to existing jobs to identify the relationship between productivity and worker tolerances that integrate cobots into specific tasks.
Sensitivity of the impact performance of nano reinforced sandwich structures to the material and geometrical variations
Authors: Tofighi M Bagheri , Biglari H , Shokrieh MM 
Published: March 2022

The low-velocity impact response of sandwich structures with aluminum face sheets and neat or nano-reinforced polypropylene core was studied. A strain-rate dependent micromechanics model (SRDM) was presented in the literature for predicting the dynamic behavior of nano-reinforced polymers. In the present study, the dynamic behavior of nano-reinforced polypropylene was simulated based on SRDM results. The finite element model was validated against the experimental results. It was shown that the results of the simulation performed by the SRDM model were in very good agreement with the experimental data. Then, the proposed finite element model was used for checking the sensitivity of the impact performance of nano-reinforced sandwich structures to the material and geometrical variations. A special sandwich structure with a core of 1 mm thickness and a face thickness of 1 mm was considered as the base structure. Different material and geometrical variations including doubling the thickness of the core or face sheets, a different weight ratio of graphene, and increasing material parameters of the face sheets up to 90%, were undertaken on the base structure. The results of the present study imply that the optimal amount of graphene should not exceed 0.5 wt.% to improve impact properties. The impact response of nano-reinforced sandwich structures was more sensitive to the variations of the face thickness in comparison to the variations of the core thickness. Moreover, the impact outputs were more sensitive to changes in the yield stress of faces compared to changes in Young’s modulus of faces.
Knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An online based survey
Authors: Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Satyal Deepa , Pandit Roshan , Basnet Til Bahadur , Khattri Sandeep , Mishra Shyam Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Despite several attempts to control COVID-19, there was a continuous rise in the number of cases, and this has left questions unanswered on the availability of health resources in Nepal. Here, we tried to assess the level of knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff. Methods An online survey was conducted in February 2021. A total of 301 completely filled responses were used to assess knowledge, practice and psychological distress. R-language software was used for data analysis and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the total 301 respondents, 180 (59.8%) were male and 121 (40.2%) were female. The average score of knowledge obtained in this study was 32.4 ± 5.7 on a 56-point scale. Knowledge level was significantly different among age-groups (p-value – 0.034). The average practice score obtained was 2.25 ± 0.91 on a 4-point scale. More than one psychological distress symptom was observed in nearly half (41.5%) of the participants. Conclusion We conclude that medical laboratory staff in Nepal has satisfactory levels of knowledge and practice and, larger number of them has psychological distress. The study recommends further improvement in an effective information flow system, regular training, social security and psychological support.
Social Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Guidelines in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ahmadi Sina , Jorjoran Shushtari Zahra , Shirazikhah Marzieh , Biglarian Akbar , Irandoost Seyed Fahim , Paykani Toktam , Almasi Ali , Rajabi-Gilan Nader , Mehedi Nafiul , Salimi Yahya 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Adherence to COVID-19 preventative guidelines may be influenced by a variety of factors at the individual, societal, and institutional levels. The current study sought to investigate the social factors of adherence to those preventive measures from the perspective of health professionals. Methods In October 2020, we performed qualitative research in Tehran, Iran, using the directed content analysis method. For the preparation of our interview guide and data analysis, we employed the WHO conceptual framework of socioeconomic determinants of health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 health professionals and policymakers who were chosen using a purposive sampling approach. MAXQDA-18 software was used to analyze the data. The Goba and Lincoln criteria were used to assess the quality of the results. Results There are 23 subcategories and 9 categories, which include socio-economic and political context (unstable macroeconomic environment, poor management of the pandemic, media and knowledge transfer), cultural and social values (fatalism, cultural norms, value conflicts, social customs), socio-economic positions (livelihood conditions), social capital (social cohesion, low trust), living conditions (housing conditions), occupational conditions (precarious employment), individual characteristics (demographic characteristics, personality traits, COVID-19 knowledge, and attitude), psycho-social factors (normalization of the disease, social pressure, and stigma), and health system leadership (health system problems, not taking evidence-based decisions, non-comprehensive preventive guidelines, non-operational guidelines, inadequate executive committee) were obtained. Conclusion To limit the new COVID-19 transmission, people must be encouraged to follow COVID-19 prevention instructions. Improving adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines necessitates dealing with the complexities of responding to social determinants of those guidelines. Increasing public health literacy and knowledge of COVID-19, informing people about the consequences of social interactions and cultural customs in the spread of COVID-19, strengthening regulatory lockdown laws, improving guarantees for adhering to preventive guidelines, providing easy access to preventive supplies, and strengthening financial support for households with precarious employment are all important.
Association Analysis Between Different Diabetic Family History and Gender with Diagnosed Age of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Hao Zhaohu , Huang Xiao , Liu Xiaohui , He Feng , Shao Hailin 
Published: March 2022

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was previously considered a common disease in middle-aged and older people, but the age of diagnosis of T2DM is advancing every year, and the trend toward a younger age is obvious. Early-onset T2DM is a clinical syndrome caused by genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the association between diabetic family history and gender with the diagnosed age of T2DM. Methods The newly diagnosed T2DM patients admitted to the diabetes identification center of Tianjin 4th Central Hospital (TJ4thch) from October 2017 to June 2020 were registered. According to whether the diagnosis age is over 40 years old, patients were divided into 2 groups (early-onset T2DM group and late-onset T2DM group). In the study, the T2DM family history was divided into 5 types: ( a) Father T2DM: father with T2DM, but not the mother; ( b) Mother T2DM: mother with T2DM, but not the father; ( c) Both parents with T2DM; ( d) Another relative(s) (other than the parents) with a history of T2DM; and ( e) Without a family history of T2DM. The diagnosed age with different genders and diabetic family history was compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association factors of early-onset T2DM. Results A total of 3725 patients completed the survey. There were 589 patients (15.8%) with early-onset T2DM, and 2469 patients (66.3%) had a diabetic family history. The T2DM-diagnosed age in males was lower than in females (51.7 ± 11.2 vs 54.0 ± 10.2, P = .000). The result was also reflected in the different T2DM family histories (with Both parents T2DM, 46.7 ± 11.1 vs 48.5 ± 10.3, P = .271; with Father T2DM, 46.8 ± 10.8 vs 49.8 ± 11.3, P = .005; with Mother T2DM, 50.4 ± 10.6 vs 52.3 ± 10.2, P = .019; with Other T2DM family history, 54.0 ± 10.8 vs 55.7 ± 9.5, P = .008; with no T2DM family history, 53.0 ± 11.0 vs 55.9 ± 9.3, P = .000). The order of the T2DM-diagnosed age in the different groups was Both parents T2DM (47.5 ± 11.0) and Father T2DM (47.9 ± 11.1) family history < that with Mother T2DM family history (51.1 ± 10.5) < that with Other T2DM family history (54.7 ± 10.3) and no T2DM family history (54.1 ± 10.5). Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender (OR, 1.733; P = .000), Father T2DM history (OR, 2.738; P = .000), Mother T2DM history (OR, 1.536; P = .001), Both parents T2DM (OR, 2.866; P = .000) and body mass index (OR, 1.108, P = .000) were correlated with early-onset T2DM. Conclusion Patients with early-onset T2DM tend to have a more obvious T2DM family history in China. This survey shows that when a parent has a T2DM family history, especially the father with T2DM, male patients are diagnosed with T2DM earlier. We need more intensive screening for diabetes in children with a family history of diabetes, especially in male children.
In‐office Bone‐Anchored Hearing Implants via Minimally Invasive Punch Technique in a Veteran Population
Authors: King Jackson , Leon Isabella , Squires Lane 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveDescribe the feasibility and safety of completing bone‐anchored hearing implants via the minimally invasive punch technique in the in‐office setting.Study DesignThis single‐institution case series included 20 patients who underwent in‐office bone‐anchored hearing implant placement under local anesthesia from 2018 to 2021.SettingVeterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System.MethodsFollowing completion of the case series, patients were retrospectively surveyed regarding their satisfaction with this approach via a modified SSQ‐8 (Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire) to fit our purposes.ResultsA total of 23 implants were completed in the in‐office setting on 20 patients. Intra‐ and postoperative complication rates, including skin changes, irritation, infection, and poor wound healing, were similar to or better than currently published complication rates in the literature. In addition, patients reported overwhelmingly positive responses on the SSQ‐8, almost universally stating that they were “very satisfied” with their clinic experience.ConclusionThis case series suggests that it is feasible and safe to complete this procedure in the clinic under local anesthesia, but further prospective studies are needed to evaluate this in a more generalized population.
Representation of Race and Sex in Sleep Surgery Studies
Authors: Debbaneh Peter , Ramirez Kimberly , Block‐Wheeler Nikolas , Durr Megan 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder with many treatment modalities, including surgical intervention. While OSA is known to be more prevalent in males and Black Americans, the representation of race and sex in sleep surgery studies is unknown. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the race and sex demographics represented in sleep surgery studies relative to known OSA demographics.Data SourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, and OVID databases.Review MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies published between 2016 and 2020 that investigated sleep outcomes following nonnasal surgical intervention for OSA in adults. Pooled racial, ethnic, and sex data of the enrolled subjects in selected studies were analyzed.ResultsThe 148 included studies comprised 13,078 patients. Of the 137 studies that reported sex, 84.0% of participants were male, exceeding the population prevalence of OSA in males, which is estimated at 66%. Only 13 studies reported racial/ethnic demographic data. Of these, 87.8% of patients were White. Out of 30 studies of primarily American patients, only 4 reported race demographic data, with an average of 82.8% White participants.ConclusionThere is a racial/ethnic and sex inclusion bias among sleep surgery studies. Future studies should better document the demographics of enrolled participants as well as recruit participants who better represent the demographics of adults with OSA in the general population.