bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sealed condition induces lower fossilization potential revealed by taphonomic experiment
Authors: Sheng Yidi , Zhang Hua , Chen Xiaozheng , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Understanding how remains become fossils is not a trivial process, taphonomic experiments provide important insights in this process by simulating the burial environment with modern organisms. A sealed (closed) system of high-pressure simulator has been widely used, while the unsealed condition before diagenesis is universal. Therefore, it is not fidelity to simulate the deep-water (high-pressure) environment with a closed system. The authors developed an automatic deep-water equipment ABYSSOURCE which could simulate both open and closed system. Based on ABYSSOURCE, a normal shrimp Neocaridina denticulata was applied to explore the difference between these two systems under 10±0.1 MPa (1000±10 meters in depth). This experiment focused on the decay process which is crucial to fossilization. Here we show, under the open condition, the decay rate of the sample shrimp is slower than closed one, and its preservation potential is better. A possible reason was that microbes multiplied faster in the closed system and degrade the remains stronger. These results suggested that sealed condition has not a positive effect on fossilization. By solving the challenge of material exchange in the deep-water chamber under constant pressure (±0.1 MPa), this paper provides a novel method for high-fidelity simulation of fossilization.
A unique profile of gut microbiota associated with metabolic syndrome: a remote island most afflicted by obesity in Japan
Authors: Uema Tsugumi , Millman Jasmine Frances , Okamoto Shiki , Nakamura Takehiro , Yamashiro Kiyoto , Uehara Moriyuki , Honma Ken-ichiro , Miyazato Minoru , Ashikari Asuka , Saito Seiichi , Maeda Shiro , Imamura Minako , Ishida Hajime , Matsushita Masayuki , Nakamura Koshi , Masuzaki Hiroaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed distinct differences in the profiles of gut microbiota between non-obese (NO) and obese (OB) individuals. To date, however, little is known if any disparities in the community of gut microbiota exist between metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) subjects. We therefore aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiota and circulating metabolites in serum from both MHO and MUO residing in the remote island, Kumejima, where the prevalence of obesity is one of the highest in Japan, and explored possible correlations between the gut microbiota profile and markers of metabolic syndrome. In our data, MUO showed significantly higher levels of g_Paraprevotella, g_Cloacibacillus, g_Atopobium and g_Megasphaera in comparison to MHO. MUO also showed significantly lower levels of g_Holdemania, f_Ruminococcaceae;g_Ruminococcus, g_Eggerthella, g_Phascolarctobacterium and f_[Mogibacteraceae];g_ as compared to MHO, with a number of these genera negatively correlating with value of circulating triglyceride, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. In contrast to MHO, MUO showed an imbalance of serum metabolites, with a significant elevation in 2-oxoisovaleric acid, pyruvic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, and creatine. Our data highlight unmet needs in precision approaches for the treatment of obesity, targeting the gut microbiota profile and serum metabolites in a distinct population affected by obesity.
MKK4 knockdown plays a protective role in haemorrhagic shock-induced liver injury through the JNK pathway
Authors: YAO HAO , GAO YU , HAN JIAHUI , WANG YAN , CAI JIMIN , RUI YONGJUN , GE XIN 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Haemorrhagic shock (HS) triggers tissue hypoxia and organ failure during severe blood loss, and the liver is sensitive to HS. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) activates the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and its expression is upregulated in the serum of HS patients and mouse livers at 1 h post-HS. However, the function of MKK4 in HS-induced liver injury is unclear. The role of MKK4 was investigated in vivo using rat models of HS. Before HS, lentivirus harbouring shRNA against MKK4 was injected into rats via the tail vein to knock down MKK4 expression. HS was induced by bloodletting via intubation of the femoral artery followed by resuscitation. The results showed that MKK4 knockdown reduced HS-induced apoptosis in the liver by decreasing Bax expression and the cleavage of caspase 3 and promoting Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver was promoted, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was inhibited by HS. However, the effect of HS on oxidative stress was abrogated by MKK4 knockdown. Furthermore, MKK4 knockdown restored MMP, complex I and complex III activity and promoted ATP production, suggesting that HS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver was ameliorated by MKK4 knockdown. The inhibitory effect of MKK4 knockdown on the phosphorylation and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway was confirmed. Overall, MKK4 knockdown may suppress oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis and improve mitochondrial function in the liver upon HS by inhibiting the JNK pathway. The MKK4/JNK axis was shown to be a therapeutic target for HS-induced liver injury in this study.
The complete chloroplast genomes and comparative study of the two tung trees of Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Yang Jianjun , Chu Zhenzhou , Miao Haoyu , Liu Bingbing , TIAN XINMIN 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Vernicia montana and Vernicia fordii are considered to have great economic importance in terms of having industrial oil and ornamental greening properties. However, wild resources of Vernicia trees have been reduced because of their ecology and habitat destruction. To better understand the genetic differences between V. montana and V. fordii, collecting more molecular data was necessary for further analysis. Here, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete chloroplast (CP) genome of two tung trees based on the genome skimming approach. The whole CP genomes of V. montana and V. fordii were 160,906 bp and 161,494 bp in length, respectively, both of which comprised 135 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 21 duplicated genes. The overall GC contents in V. montana and V. fordii CP genome were 36.13% and 36.03%, respectively. By comparing the CP genome sequences between V. montana and V. fordii, a total of 2,280 SNPs and 257 indels were identified. Among them, 1,807 SNPs and 153 indels were within the large single copy region, while 93 SNPs and 74 indels were within the small single copy region. The phylogenic analysis showed that V. montana was closely related to V. fordii and is considered a sister group. Hence, this study will be useful in investigating the conservation genetics and potential breeding applications of this oil shrub.
Prevalence and clinical impact of electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Park Sejun , Yum Yunjin , Koh Sungmin , Cha Jung-Joon , Joo Hyung Joon , Park Jae Hyoung , Hong Soon Jun , Yu Cheol Woong , Ahn Tae Hoon , Lim Do-Sun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the basic test for screening cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of ECG abnormalities on cardiovascular prognosis in patients with CKD is largely unknown.MethodsA total of 1,295 patients with CKD (stage 3, 4, and 5) who underwent ECG between 2013 and 2015 were selected from the tertiary hospital in Korea. ECG abnormalities were defined using the Minnesota classification. Five-year major adverse cerebrocardiovascular event (MACCE), a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, was analyzed after excluding 251 patients (n=1,044) with prior MI or stroke.ResultsThe higher the CKD stage, the higher the proportion of patients with a major ECG abnormality. Five-year MACCE incidences were 34%, 23.9%, and 21.7% in patients with major, minor and no ECG abnormalities. MACCE and MI incidences were significantly higher in patients with severe ECG abnormalities (log-rank p < 0.001). Major ECG abnormalities were significantly associated with MACCE (adjusted HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.97). In particular, atrial fibrillation, atrial premature complex, and QT interval prolongation were identified as important ECG diagnoses. The accuracy of cardiovascular risk stratification was improved when ECG diagnosis was added to the conventional SCORE model (net reclassification index 0.09).ConclusionsMajor ECG abnormality was a significant predictor of cardiovascular events in CKD patients. ECG diagnosis can be useful in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular disease in CKD patients when applied in addition to the conventional risk stratification model.
Cloud Enterprise Dynamic Risk Assessment (CEDRA): a dynamic risk assessment using dynamic Bayesian networks for cloud environment
Authors: Behbehani Dawood , Komninos Nikos , Al-Begain Khalid , Rajarajan Muttukrishnan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cloud computing adoption has been increasing rapidly amid COVID-19 as organisations accelerate the implementation of their digital strategies. Most models adopt traditional dynamic risk assessment, which does not adequately quantify or monetise risks to enable business-appropriate decision-making. To address this issue, we propose a Cloud Enterprise Dynamic Risk Assessment (CEDRA) model that uses CVSS, threat intelligence feeds and information about exploitation availability in the wild using dynamic Bayesian networks to predict vulnerability exploitations and financial losses. We evaluate the proposed model in a real case scenario that demonstrates the applicability of this model.
Post-Tuberculosis Tracheobronchial Stenosis: Long-Term Follow-Up after Self-Expandable Metallic Stents Placement and development of a prediction score: the Restenosis Score
Authors: Bai Chong , Li Fuqi , Tian Sen , Huang Haidong , Zhang Wei , Huang Yi , Wu Ning , Wang Qin , Wang Xiangqi , Dong Yuchao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The insertion of self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) for post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis (PTTS) was controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SEMS for treating PTTS, and developed a scoring system for predicting the occurrence of restenosis after stenting in PTTS patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 87 patients who were diagnosed with PTTS and experienced SEMS insertion between January 2000 and December 2017. All procedures were performed via soft bronchoscopy under conscious sedation and local anesthesia.Results: A total of 85 SEMS were successfully placed in 77 patients. Comparing with pre-stenting, there were significant improvements in the lumen diameters of the stenotic segment, mMRC scale and lung function after short-term SEMS placement. During the long-term (average 163.32 months) follow-up, 48 patients (62.3%) didn’t develop restenosis after stenting; the other 29 patients (37.7%) developed and eventually, 12 remained under interventional therapies and 11 had bronchial atresia. Multivariate cox regression analysis revealed that the difference value between SEMS length and the stenosis-segment length, stenosis type, and the number of pre-stenting thermal ablation were independently related to restenosis occurrence and were subsequently used to establish the Restenosis Score. The model’s development group (0.83, 95%CI: 0.74–0.92) and external validation set (0.94, 95%CI: 0.77–1.00) showed excellent discrimination.Conclusion: SEMS placement could serve as a safe and effective treatment option for most patients with PTTS. Further, we built a prediction model depending on the independent predictors of restenosis occurrence, the Restenosis Score. This validated tool might provide a decision support and a better management for PTTS patients who underwent SEMS implantation.
Long-term outcomes of self-expandable metallic stents as a bridge to surgery for obstructive and symptomatic primary tumors of stage IV colorectal cancer: A propensity- score analysis
Authors: Sekioka Akinori , Ota Shuichi , Ito Tetsuo , Mizukami Yo , Tsuboi Kunihiko , Okamura Masahiko , Lee Yoo , Ishida Satoshi , Shono Yoko , Tanaka Rie , Shim Yugang , Adachi Yukito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

[Purpose]Self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) was introduced for the treatment of obstructive colorectal cancer (CRC) a few decades ago. However, its long-term outcomes remain controversial, especially for stage IV CRC. The aim of this study was to clarify the outcomes of SEMS as a “bridge to surgery” (BTS) for obstructive and symptomatic primary tumors in stage IV CRC by one-to-one propensity-score matching. [Methods] This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center from January 2007 to December 2017. Patients with obstructive and symptomatic primary tumors of stage IV CRC underwent primary resection (PR) or placement of a SEMS as a BTS. They were divided into SEMS and PR groups, and their short- and long-term outcomes were compared.[Results]In total, 52 patients were reviewed (SEMS group, 21; PR group, 31). Thirteen patients in both groups were matched using propensity scores. Patients in the SEMS group more frequently underwent laparoscopic surgery than those in the PR group (77% vs. 8%, p = 0.001) and fewer of them underwent stoma creation (8% vs. 38%, p = 0.16). The two groups showed no significant differences in perioperative and pathological outcomes. The 3-year overall survival was not significantly different between groups (41% vs. 31%, p = 0.19).[Conclusion]As a BTS, the use of SEMS for obstructive and symptomatic primary tumors in CRC stage IV can be a comparable option to PR in terms of short- and long-term outcomes, and would be less invasive with respect to surgical procedures or stoma creation rate.
Complementarity of Surgical Therapy, Photobiomodulation, A-PRF and L- PRF for Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ); an Animal Study
Authors: Jamalpour Mohammad Reza , Shahabi Shiva , Baghestani Mehdi , Shokri Abbas , Jamshidi Shokoofeh , Khazaei Salman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the complementarity of surgical therapy, photobiomodulation (PBM), advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), and Leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) for the management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).Methods: Sixty rats underwent injection of zoledronate followed by left mandibular molar extraction to induce MRONJ lesions. All rats were examined for the signs of MRONJ eight weeks post-dental extraction. Forty-nine rats with positive signs of MRONJ were appointed to seven different groups as follows: C (control), S (surgery), P (surgery + PBM), A (surgery + A-PRF), L (surgery + L-PRF), A+P (surgery + A-PRF + PBM), L+P (surgery + L-PRF + PBM). Euthanasia was carried out 30 days after the last treatment session. The lesions' healing was evaluated clinically, histologically, and radiographically. Data were analyzed using STATA software version 14, and the statistical significance level was set at 5% for all cases. Results: According to the present study, A-PRF and L-PRF treatment resulted in significant improvements in clinical, histological, and radiographical parameters compared to the C group (P ˂ 0.05). The PBM also decreased wound dimensions and the number of empty lacunae compared to the C group (P ˂ 0.05). A+P and L+P were the only groups that presented a significantly higher mean number of osteocytes (P ˂ 0.05). No significant differences were observed between A-PRF and L-PRF treatment groups (P ˃ 0.05).Conclusions: Surgical resection followed by applying A-PRF or L-PRF reinforced by PBM showed optimal wound healing and bone regeneration in MRONJ lesions.
Genetic analysis and mapping of a short internode gene (cladw) in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.)
Authors: Liu Jiajun , Gao Peng , Liu Hongyu , Wang Xuezheng , Ma Shuangwu , Wang Jiming , Luan Feishi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Internode length is an important plant type characteristic of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). A dwarf phenotype can increase plant density and land utilization. In this study, W1-1 (standard vine) and ZXG01061 (dwarf) were used as the parental lines to create F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2 progenies for dwarf trait inheritance analysis and candidate gene identification. Genetic analysis indicated that the watermelon dwarf trait was regulated by a single recessive gene (cladw) with phenotypic data collected over two years. The bulked segregant analysis (BSA-seq) revealed a 1.24 Mb genomic region harbouring the candidate dwarfing gene on chromosome 9. Through initial and fine mapping with 1,097 F2 plants, the cladw locus was finally delimited into a 203 kb region containing 10 candidate genes (including five genes annotated as GID1L2 gibberellin GA receptors). Hormone analysis showed that the GA content of the ZXG01061 internode was higher than that of W1-1. When ZXG01061 plants were treated with exogenous GA, the original plant height could not be recovered, indicating that ZXG01061 is GA insensitive. Cla010254 and Cla010256 (annotated as gibberellin receptor GID1L2) in ZXG01061 had base deletions compared with W1-1. The expression pattern of Cla010254 in W1-1 was significantly higher than that in ZXG01061. In conclusion, our results indicate that Cla010254 is a candidate gene for watermelon dwarfing.
Uterine Artery Embolisation- From a Cardiologist’s Perspective
Authors: DESABANDHU VINAYAKUMAR , NARAYANAN SANTHOSH , SREEDHA MOHANAN KURUKKANPARAMBIL , KALATHINGATHODIKA SAJEER 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background:Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive novel treatment for uterine bleeding. Research has shown that UAE is safe and has fewer effects on future pregnancy. Case presentation:Here in we describe three exceptional circumstances in which UAE served as a life saving measure to control intractable uterine bleeding. Two patients were on anticoagulation for valvular heart disease and one patient had chronic atonic postpartum haemorrhage. Hysterectomy could be avoided in all the three patients and are doing well on follow up. Conclusions:Uterine artery embolisation is a safe procedure in emergency situations where surgery cannot be performed on an emergency basis .The feasibility of this procedure in patients with mechanical heart valves with coagulopathy has rarely been described.This procedure is commonly performed by interventional radiologists and cardiologists have limited experience.
Role of TELO2-interacting protein 1(TTI1) functions as an oncogene by regulating mTOR activity in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Ling-Xian , Yang Xin , Wu Zhi-Bo , Liao Zhong-Min , Wang Ding-Guo , Chen Shi-Wei , Lu Feng , Wu Yong-Bing , Zhu Shu-Qiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The role of TTI1 in the progression of several types of cancer has been reported recently. The aim of this study was to estimate the expression and the potential value of TTI1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods: The expression of TTI1 and its prognostic value in NSCLC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. To verify the bioinformatics findings, a tissue microarrays (TMAs) containing 160 NSCLC and paired peritumoral tissues from NSCLC patients was analysed by immunohistochemistry for TTI1. Subsequently, the roles of TTI1 in NSCLC cells were investigated in vivo by establishing xenograft models in nude mice, and in vitro by transwell, CCK-8 assay, wound healing and colony formation assays. In addition, qRT-PCR and western blot were applied to explore the underlying mechanism by which TTI1 promotes tumor progression. Finally, the relation between TTI1 and KI67 expression level of NSCLC was probed, and Kaplan-Meier and Cox's analyses were performed to assess the prognostic merit of TTI1 and KI67 in NSCLC patients. Results: The expression of TTI1 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to paired peritumoral tissues, which was coincide with the bioinformatics findings from TCGA and GEO database. TTI1 was highly expressed in NSCLC patients with large tumor, advanced tumor stage, and lymphatic metastasis. In addition, the prognostic analysis identified the TTI1 as an independent indication for poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. In vitro, Up-regulation of TTI1 in NSCLC cells could facilitate cell invasion, metastasis, viability and proliferation. Mechanistically, our study verified that TTI1 could regulate mTOR activity which has a pivotal role in human cancer. Consistently, the TTI1 and KI67 expression had a positive relationship in NSCLC cells and tissues. Notably, compared with patients with low expression of TTI1 or KI67, patients with overexpression of TTI1 or KI67 had a shorter overall survival rate (OS) and a higher disease-free survival rate (DFS), and the combination of TTI1 and KI67 was an independent parameter predicting the prognosis and recurrence of NSCLC patients. Conclusions: TTI1 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion by regulating mTOR activity and the combination of TTI1 and KI67 is a valuable molecular biomarker for the survival and recurrence of NSCLC patients.
Real-world Experience with 240 mg of Galcanezumab for the Preventive Treatment of Cluster Headache
Authors: Cho Soo-Jin , Mo Heejung , Kim Byung-Kun , Moon Heui-Soo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Galcanezumab of 300 mg monthly is the FDA approved preventive medication for cluster headache (CH) during the cluster period. Compared to the 120 mg galcanezumab syringe for the treatment of migraines, the 100 mg syringe for CH has globally not been as widely available. The aim of our study was to investigate the preventive efficacy and tolerability of two 120 mg galcanezumab doses for episodic CH in clinical practices.Methods: We evaluated patients with CH who received at least 1 dose of 240 mg (2 prefilled syringe of 120 mg) of galcanezumab in the 3 university hospitals from February 2020 to September 2021. In the patients with episodic CH, the efficacy and safety data of galcanezumab were analyzed regarding to the presence of the conventional preventive therapy at the timing of therapy of galcanezumab. The data of other subtypes of CH were separately described.Results: In 47 patients with episodic CH, galcanezumab was started median 18 days after the onset of current bout (range 1-62 days) and 4 patients (10.8%) received second dose of galcanezumab. The median time to the first occurrence of 100% reduction from baseline in CH attacks per week after galcanezumab therapy was 17 days (25% to 75% quartile range: 5.0~ 29.5) in all patients with episodic CH, 15.5 days (3.8~ 22.1) in 36 patients with galcanezumab therapy adding on conventional preventive therapy, 21.0 days (12.0~ 31.5) in 11 patients started galcanezumab as initial preventive therapy. Among 33 patients with headache diary, the proportion of patients with 50% reduction at week 3 from baseline 78.8% about the numbers of CH attacks per week and 79.3% about the days with acute medications per week. Patient global impression of improvement was reported as feeling “very much better” or “much better” in 80.9% of patients with episodic CH and all 3 patients with chronic CH or the first episode of cluster bout.Conclusion: One 240 mg dose of Galcanezumab with/without conventional therapy for the prevention of CH is considered effective and safe in clinical practices, as seen in the clinical trial of galcanezumab.