bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Digital Credit Divide: Marketplace Lending and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Farag Hisham , Johan Sofia , McGowan Danny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe conjecture that marketplace lending provokes an increase in the quantity of entrepreneurship, particularly in more regionally disadvantaged areas, albeit at lower average quality. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that exploits exogenous variation in borrowers’ access to marketplace loans along U.S. state borders, we estimate a 10% increase in marketplace lending causes a 0.44% increase in business establishments per capita. The effects are more pronounced for less experienced entrepreneurs, for small and less profitable firms, firms more dependent upon external finance, in industries with lower sunk costs of entry, and for low-income regions with inferior access to financial institutions.
A first look at the genetic diversity of Enteroctopus megalocyathus (Cephalopoda: Enteroctopodidae) captured by the king crab fishery in the south of Chile
Authors: Pliego-Cárdenas Ricardo , Schofield-Astorga Diana C. , Acuña-Gómez Eliana Paola , Barriga-Sosa Irene de los Angeles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe octopus fishery in the southern tip of South America is based on Enteroctopus megalocyathus. It is fished on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, but no study has yet investigated the genetic variability of this octopus, which is frequently collected as bycatch. The genetic identity and diversity of E. megalocyathus from specimens caught by the king crab fishery along the Beagle Channel in southern Chile was investigated using sequences of three mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI and COIII) and one nuclear (rhodopsin) markers. Homologous sequences from other Enteroctopodidae were included to determine the genetic variability of E. megalocyathus. In addition to E. megalocyathus, genetic data allowed us to identify Muusoctopus eureka, a species also collected by the king crab fishery. Enteroctopus megalocyathus was found to be genetically similar to E. zealandicus; the genetic distances between these two species were low, 0% (16S rRNA), 0.2% (COI) and 0.6% (COIII), which was also confirmed by the phylogenetic topologies, as both species are in the same clade. Enteroctopus megalocyathus has low levels of genetic diversity, as shown by haplotype and nucleotide diversity values for the mitochondrial markers (Hd = 0.06–0.32; π = 0.0001–0.003), and null diversity for the nuclear marker. All the haplotypic networks resolved with the mtDNA markers showed shared haplotypes among E. megalocyathus, E. magnificus and E. zealandicus. The low genetic diversity of E. megalocyathus can be attributed to both the geological history of South America and the life history of the species, rather than to the king crab fishery.
Physical and feasible: Climate change adaptation in Longyearbyen, Svalbard
Authors: Meyer Alexandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Longyearbyen, Svalbard, has become showcase of Arctic climate change. However, we know little about how these changes are dealt with locally. This article aims to fill this gap by examining climate change impacts and adaptation in a non-Indigenous “community of experts” and sets out to 1) describe observed changes and perceived societal impacts of climate change and 2) discuss adaptation measures and related understandings of adaptation. The research consists of ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with planners, engineers, architects, scientists, construction workers and local politicians. The research finds that climate change impacts the built environment in Longyearbyen, and that there is vast awareness of and concern related to these impacts. There is a substantial knowledge base for adaptation, and a special trust in scientific knowledge, skills and experts. The interview partners consider adaptation as necessary and feasible. Adaptation is understood and implemented as technical responses to physical problems, rooted in a modernist understanding of the environment as separated from humans, who can control it through technical means. This suggests a narrow understanding of adaptation that might fail to address more socially transformative processes.
Can speakers of different languages be saying the same thing? Influences of non-native language exposure and explicit comparison on children’s language awareness
Authors: Rojo Dolly P. , Echols Catharine H. , Griffin Zenzi M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLanguage awareness (LA)—an understanding of the communicative functions and conventions of language—could benefit monolingual children as they navigate their increasingly multilingual world. To evaluate how non-native language exposure influences English-speaking children’s understanding that different languages can convey equivalent information, 63 5–7-year-olds compared utterances in English and Lithuanian (unfamiliar to all participants). Half of the children also compared English utterances to Spanish (a widely spoken language in their community—94% of children had some past exposure), whereas the other half compared English utterances to Tagalog (unfamiliar to all participants). Children in the Spanish condition were significantly more likely than those in the Tagalog condition to agree that a Lithuanian and an English speaker could be saying the same thing. We argue that children’s experience with Spanish as a community language, coupled with explicit questioning about commonalities between languages, served to scaffold an understanding of LA.
The home environment: influences on the health of young-old and old-old adults in Australia
Authors: Aplin Tammy , Lowies Braam , McGreal Stanley 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe physical and societal characteristics of home have been established as important in influencing the health and wellbeing of older adults, yet these have rarely been explored together. There is also limited research into variation across age groups, with older adults often examined as a homogenous group of those 65 years and over. This study advances the knowledge base by using the concept of person–environment (P-E) fit to analyse differences in personal and home environment (physical and societal) characteristics between young-old (65–74 years) and old-old (75 and above) age groups, and to assess how these characteristics influence their self-perceived health. This cross-sectional study draws upon survey data from 1,999 older adult participants from the Australian Housing Conditions Dataset. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were used to assess for significant differences between age groups and a binomial logistic regression was utilised to examine influences on health. The analysis found that the factors which influence health varies appreciably between age groups. For the young-old financial strain, being on the fixed-income pension and hypertension were important contributing factors, in contrast for the old-old gender (being male), having depression and the home being modified for disability were key influences. For both age groups heart disease was a contributing factor to perceived health. The results indicate the important contribution to knowledge of incorporating a wide range of person and environment characteristics when exploring P-E fit for older adults. The inclusion of societal aspects, such as financial strain, fixed-income pension, tenure and access to community aged care services when exploring influences on health, arises as a key conclusion of the study. In terms of impact, this research is significant given rising inequalities globally and specifically in the Australian context, the need for policy measures to address income inequality, and its health and social implications for older households.
Reconfigurable fully constrained cable-driven parallel mechanism for avoiding collision between cables with human
Authors: Khoshbin Elham , Youssef Khaled , Meziane Ramy , Otis Martin J.-D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProductivity can be increased by manipulators tracking the desired trajectory with some constraints. Humans as moving obstacles in a shared workspace are one of the most challenging problems for cable-driven parallel mechanisms (CDPMs) that are considered in this research. One of the essential primary issues in CDPM is collision avoidance among cables and humans in the shared workspace. This paper presents a model and simulation of a reconfigurable, fully constrained CDPM enabling detection and avoidance of cable–human collision. In this method, unlike conventional CDPMs where the attachment points are fixed, the attachment points on the rails can be moved (up and down on their rails), and then the geometric configuration is adapted. Karush–Kuhn–Tucker method is proposed, which focuses on estimating the shortest distance among moving obstacles (human limbs) and all cables. When cable and limbs are close to colliding, the new idea of reconfiguration is presented by moving the cable’s attachment point on the rail to increase the distance between the cables and human limbs while they are both moving. Also, the trajectory of the end effector remains unchanged. Some simulation results of reconfiguration theory as a new approach are shown for the eight-cable-driven parallel manipulator, including the workspace boundary variation. The proposed method could find a collision-free predefined path, according to the simulation results.
Making Policies: The History of the Danish Child Welfare System at the Local Level
Authors: BJERRE CECILIE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article examines out-of-home placements in Denmark over a seven-decade period from 1905 to 1975. The Danish state delegated this responsibility to a, using the words of Kimberly J. Morgan and Ann Shola Orloff, “difficult-to-classify public-private hybrid,” the Children’s Welfare Boards (CWBs). These CWBs comprised private citizens selected by the municipality. The article shows how the CWBs acted as interpreters, mediators, and implementers of state policy at the street level while also functioning as the direct link between government and citizens. The findings reveal an inherent conflict between center and periphery in that the state’s nationwide regulations and bureaucratic practices, intended to apply to all citizens uniformly, were to be implemented by local units within municipalities that operated according to logics other than those of the state. The vase of variations in child out-placement practices shows the importance of examining local variations in studying the history of policy implementation.
The persistent workforce: female day labour on capitalist farms in eighteenth-century Flanders
Authors: Helsen Lore 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFemale day labourers regularly appear in the accounts of capitalist Flemish farmers throughout the eighteenth century. Their persistent employment challenges the dominant view that female day labour was marginalised in areas of agrarian capitalism across the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The hitherto unexplored accounts of nine capitalist farms reveal the seasonal employment patterns, sexual division of labour and wages of those female day labourers in Flanders. While spring weeding was an important source of employment, women also continued to be hired during the harvest and for the cultivation of labour-intensive crops. Throughout the century, female day wages amounted to 0.4–0.73 of male wages. Women were excluded from well-paid tasks, but equal rates for equal work do not suggest wage discrimination in the strictest sense. The Flemish accounts thus reinforce the idea that female day labour persisted in areas with labour-intensive agriculture and alternative employment opportunities.
Transcatheter retrieval of embolised fractured peripherally inserted central catheter: a nightmare in very low birth weight preterm neonate
Authors: Bishnoi Suresh , Banerji Nayan , Champaneri Bhavik , Deodhar Shilpa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeripherally inserted central catheters are commonly used for intravascular access in low birth weight neonates. Here, we describe a case of transcatheter retrieval of an embolised peripherally inserted central catheter line in the right ventricle extending to the left pulmonary artery in a preterm very low birth weight baby. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case where transcatheter retrieval of embolised peripherally inserted central catheter line has been done from the left pulmonary artery in such a very low birth weight preterm neonate. Although retrieval of foreign body is common in adults and older children, very few case reports have documented successful retrieval of embolised peripherally inserted central catheter line in very low birth weight neonates using interventional techniques. Most of the cases in literature reported retrieval of an indwelling umbilical venous catheter rather than a peripherally inserted central catheter line as in our case. Also, none of these cases had the embolised fragment retrieved from the left pulmonary artery. This approach was technically very challenging as we were taking care of a 5-day old preterm neonate born at 32 weeks of gestation having very low birth weight (1100 g) with features of clinical sepsis, coagulopathy, and embolised catheter fragment extending from right ventricle to left pulmonary artery. The procedure was uneventful without any complication and the catheter was retrieved successfully.
Dietary intake and educational outcomes among Australian university students: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations
Authors: Babaeer Lena , Stylianou Michalis , Walker Jacqueline L , Gomersall Sjaan R 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between dietary intake and educational outcomes (EO) in Australian first-year university students.Design:This cross-sectional and longitudinal study measured outcomes of interest at three points over 1 year. Measures included self-reported dietary patterns and dietary intake via a three-day estimated food record. Objective EO (corresponding semester grade point average (GPA), overall GPA and graduation status) variables were extracted from academic records. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were examined using regression models and generalised estimating equations, respectively.Setting:A large university in Queensland, Australia.Participants:Participants (n 80) were first-year students who had completed high school in the previous year.Results:Some significant associations were found with semester GPA, including: (a) moderate positive associations between serves of vegetables and semester GPA at time point 2 and over time; and (b) a weak negative association between Na intake and semester GPA at time point 2. Although insignificant, meaningful negative associations were found between alcohol consumption and semester GPA at time point 1 and over time. Some significant associations were also found with graduation status, including: (a) a positive association between meeting Australian carbohydrate recommendations and graduation status; and (b) a negative association between Fe intake and graduation status, both at time point 1.Conclusions:Both cross-sectional and longitudinal findings highlight positive associations between vegetable intake and EO and negative associations between alcohol consumption and EO. Further relevant work is needed with larger, more variable samples in demographic, dietary and EO characteristics.
VARIANTS OF A MULTIPLIER THEOREM OF KISLYAKOV
Authors: Defant Andreas , Mastyło Mieczysław , Pérez-Hernández Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe prove stronger variants of a multiplier theorem of Kislyakov. The key ingredients are based on ideas of Kislyakov and the Kahane–Salem–Zygmund inequality. As a by-product, we show various multiplier theorems for spaces of trigonometric polynomials on the n-dimensional torus
$\mathbb {T}^n$
or Boolean cubes
$\{-1,1\}^N$
. Our more abstract approach based on local Banach space theory has the advantage that it allows to consider more general compact abelian groups instead of only the multidimensional torus. As an application, we show that various recent
$\ell _1$
-multiplier theorems for trigonometric polynomials in several variables or ordinary Dirichlet series may be proved without the Kahane–Salem–Zygmund inequality.
Trade‐Offs for Climate‐Smart Forestry in Europe Under Uncertain Future Climate
Authors: Gregor Konstantin , Knoke Thomas , Krause Andreas , Reyer Christopher P. O. , Lindeskog Mats , Papastefanou Phillip , Smith Benjamin , Lansø Anne‐Sofie , Rammig Anja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractForests mitigate climate change by storing carbon and reducing emissions via substitution effects of wood products. Additionally, they provide many other important ecosystem services (ESs), but are vulnerable to climate change; therefore, adaptation is necessary. Climate‐smart forestry combines mitigation with adaptation, whilst facilitating the provision of many ESs. This is particularly challenging due to large uncertainties about future climate. Here, we combined ecosystem modeling with robust multi‐criteria optimization to assess how the provision of various ESs (climate change mitigation, timber provision, local cooling, water availability, and biodiversity habitat) can be guaranteed under a broad range of climate futures across Europe. Our optimized portfolios contain 29% unmanaged forests, and implicate a successive conversion of 34% of coniferous to broad‐leaved forests (11% vice versa). Coppices practically vanish from Southern Europe, mainly due to their high water requirement. We find the high shares of unmanaged forests necessary to keep European forests a carbon sink while broad‐leaved and unmanaged forests contribute to local cooling through biogeophysical effects. Unmanaged forests also pose the largest benefit for biodiversity habitat. However, the increased shares of unmanaged and broad‐leaved forests lead to reductions in harvests. This raises the question of how to meet increasing wood demands without transferring ecological impacts elsewhere or enhancing the dependence on more carbon‐intensive industries. Furthermore, the mitigation potential of forests depends on assumptions about the decarbonization of other industries and is consequently crucially dependent on the emission scenario. Our findings highlight that trade‐offs must be assessed when developing concrete strategies for climate‐smart forestry.
Systematic Climate Model Biases in the Large‐Scale Patterns of Recent Sea‐Surface Temperature and Sea‐Level Pressure Change
Authors: Wills Robert C. J. , Dong Yue , Proistosecu Cristian , Armour Kyle C. , Battisti David S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObserved surface temperature trends over recent decades are characterized by (a) intensified warming in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool and slight cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific, consistent with Walker circulation strengthening, and (b) Southern Ocean cooling. In contrast, state‐of‐the‐art coupled climate models generally project enhanced warming in the eastern equatorial Pacific, Walker circulation weakening, and Southern Ocean warming. Here we investigate the ability of 16 climate model large ensembles to reproduce observed sea‐surface temperature and sea‐level pressure trends over 1979–2020 through a combination of externally forced climate change and internal variability. We find large‐scale differences between observed and modeled trends that are very unlikely (<5% probability) to occur due to internal variability as represented in models. Disparate trends in the ratio of Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool to tropical‐mean warming, which shows little multi‐decadal variability in models, hint that model biases in the response to historical forcing constitute part of the discrepancy.
Simultaneous Inversion for Surface Wave Phase Velocity and Earthquake Centroid Parameters: Methodology and Application
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Sun Li , Wang Xiaoxin , Wen Lianxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoth the regional earthquake surface wave and seismic ambient noise provide important constraints on the Earth's structure, and yet no study satisfactorily combined them for the best imaging of subsurface seismic structure. In this study, we address this issue by developing a new method to simultaneously determine surface wave phase velocity and earthquake centroid parameters in three steps: (a) preliminary phase velocity inversion based on seismic ambient noise, (b) preliminary earthquake relocation based on earthquake surface wave data, and (c) simultaneous inversion for phase velocity and earthquake centroid parameters with constraints of interstation phase velocity measurements based on seismic ambient noise and event‐station phase velocity measurements based on earthquake surface wave data. Application of the method in the North South Seismic Belt region in China results in high‐resolution Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps and accurate earthquake centroid parameters. The additional earthquake data notably improve resolution of the inverted phase velocity model in west Yunnan and central Tibetan blocks, the regions with sparse seismic station coverage. The inverted phase velocity model exhibits high‐velocity anomalies in cratonic regions and the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, and low‐velocity anomalies in the interior and surrounding regions of the Tibetan Plateau. Relocation places earthquakes in shallow depths with geotherm above the crustal rock's brittle‐ductile transition temperature of , revealing thermal control on thickness of the seismogenic zone. With earthquake centroid parameters constrained, earthquake data are expected to provide further constraints on the deep seismic structure that is beyond the sampling limit of seismic ambient noise.
Tracing the Formation of Secondary Aerosols Influenced by Solar Radiation and Relative Humidity in Suburban Environment
Authors: Wu Yangzhou , Liu Dantong , Tian Ping , Sheng Jiujiang , Liu Quan , Li Ruijie , Hu Kang , Jiang Xiaotong , Li Siyuan , Bi Kai , Zhao Delong , Huang Mengyu , Ding Deping , Wang Junfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSecondary particulate matter exerts adverse effects on air quality and human health. The production or reaction rate of secondary aerosols in polluted environments remains uncertain and is complicated by diverse emissions and meteorological conditions. By concurrently measuring the mass spectra of compounds in both particulate (using an aerosol mass spectrometer) and gas phases (using proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry) in suburban Beijing, we linked the secondary organic aerosol (OA) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to photochemical age (tage) and obtained their reaction or production rates. Factorization analysis of the mass spectra of OA and the 108 VOC species resolved three oxygenated OAs (OOA) and three secondary VOC factors at different oxidation levels. Primary organic aerosols and VOCs from traffic sources were determined to be important sources for secondary aerosol formation. At high pollution levels under the conditions of weaker solar radiation and higher relative humidity, moderately oxygenated OA (O/C = 0.61) and secondary inorganics were coproduced in combination with rapid consumption of all VOCs. At lower pollution levels, the intense solar radiation caused substantial and rapid production of OOA (O/C = 0.81) and intermediate VOCs (both in a high oxidation state) at a rate of 15.0% h−1 and 14.0% h−1, respectively. These results highlight the feedback effects between radiation and moisture in terms of altering the formation mechanism of secondary aerosols. In particular, highly oxygenated secondary airborne products under strong radiation should be considered in regard to their environmental impact.