bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Docetaxel-Loaded Micelles Based on all-trans-Retinoic Acid: Preparation and Pharmacokinetic Study in Rats
Authors: Yang Ya-Ni , Cheng Jia-Jia , He Jun , Lu Wei-Gen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDocetaxel (DTX) is a poorly soluble drug. The purpose of this study was to explore a DTX-loaded micelle delivery system using N-(all-trans-retinoyl)-L-cysteic acid methyl ester sodium salt (XMeNa) as the carrier materials. In this study, amphiphilic surfactant XMeNa was synthesized. Then, the blood biocompatibility and the value of critical micelle concentration (CMC) were assessed by a hemolysis test and pyrene-based fluorescent probe techniques, respectively. The XM-DTX micelles were prepared using the method of thin-film hydration, and characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading efficiency (DLE) were assessed by the ultrafiltration method. In vitro release and pharmacokinetic behaviors of XM-DTX micelles were performed in rats using Taxotere (a commercialized DTX injection) as a control. Our data confirmed the excellent blood biocompatibility of XMeNa as a carrier. XMeNa can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous media with a very low CMC (6.2 μg/mL). The average size and zeta potential of the XM-DTX micelles were 17.3 ± 0.2 nm, and −41.6 ± 0.3 mV, respectively. EE and DLE reached up to 95.3 ± 0.7% and 22.4 ± 0.2%, respectively, which may account for the high solubility of DTX in normal saline. The micelles were spherical in TEM with good dispersion and no aggregation and adhesion, and exhibited good stability after reconstitution over 8 hours. Results from in vitro release assay suggested a much slower release behavior of XM-DTX micelles in comparison to Taxotere. Additionally, XM-DTX micelles prolonged DTX retention in blood circulation, increased the area under the curve by 2.4-fold, and significantly decreased the clearance of the drug. Given above, the XM-DTX micelles could improve the solubility and the release of DTX. The amphiphilic surfactant XMeNa also exhibited great potential as a vehicle for exploring delivery of poorly water soluble drugs in the future.
4.4.23.7 Silylmethyl Anions (Update 2022)
Authors: Sumida Y. , Ohmiya H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSilylmethyl anions have found various applications in synthesis, including as nucleophiles, metalation reagents, reductants, and stabilization ligands for other metals. The unique property arising from the α-anion stabilization effect and transformability of the silyl substituent allows synthetically useful methodology, enabling olefination, homologation, selective metalation, and further transformations. Thus, these synthetic reagents remain valuable and are widely employed in modern organic synthesis. This chapter describes the advancement of silylmethyl anion chemistry, with the major developments from 2000 to the present date covered.
Emotional cycles and collective action: Global crises and the World Social Forum
Authors: Caruso Giuseppe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the world suffers the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, global justice activists pursue political solutions to its devastating consequences especially on the weakest sections of the world’s population. I analyse activists’ responses to the 2008 financial crisis to reflect on how collective action is impacted by social crises. The global justice movement and the financial sector face recurring, intertwined, and inversely related cycles of exuberance and crash. I find that, on the one hand, the prevalence and intensity of recurring crises in large transnational collective actors depend on factors including their prevalent emotional dynamics, their dispositions towards their objectives, and their ability to gauge external reality. On the other hand, differential outcomes of crises in groups are accounted for by the capacity to mourn the losses suffered, as opposed to the denial of responsibility and the externalisation of blame. I analyse these emotional dynamics through psychoanalytic lenses to provide a contribution to the literature on the cycles of collective action and, more broadly, to the study of political action and social change.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving the physical qualities of professional boxers by considering their personality traits
Authors: Andruchshishin Iossif , Sapiev Sepik , Denisenko Yuri , Geraskin Anatoly 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe study analyzes the development and improvement of physical qualities in modern sports and examines the optimal parameters in general and individual training of boxers. The paper describes a pedagogical experiment to explore the effectiveness of the author’s methodology for the development and improvement of physical qualities considering boxers’ personality traits. The experiment involved 30 boxers from the national team of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is among the strongest teams in the world (15 people in the experimental and 15 people in the control group). The experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in 7 out of 9 dimensions: pull-up on the bar (t = 2.927; P ≤ 0.01), bench press from the chest (t = 2.253; P ≤ 0. 05), weight push from the chest in front (t = 3.467; P ≤ 0.01), 100 m run (t = 3.100; P ≤ 0.01), jump from a place (t = 2.444; P ≤ 0.05), 1st 400 m run (t = 2.654; P ≤ 0.01) and 2nd 400 m run (t = 2.354; P ≤ 0.05). The experimental group significantly surpassed its background results and the control group’s results in seven indicators of physical fitness out of nine. This fact suggests that the author’s experimental technique effectively improves the physical qualities of highly skilled boxers. A two-way analysis of variance showed higher efficiency of improving physical qualities when using the author’s methodology and the absence of differences between different weight categories. The study can be of practical use for sports coaches and psychologists who want to improve the physical qualities of athletes, following the methodology proposed by the author. In addition, the materials of this work can be useful in studying the management of performance and creating a favorable psychological climate for improving physical qualities of boxers, considering the characteristics of an athlete’s personality.
Terahertz beam array generated by focusing two-color-laser pulses into air with a microlens array
Authors: Bai Ke , Gou Yangjiuzhou , Peng Xiao-Yu 
Published: September 2022

Terahertz (THz) radiation from a plasma filament array generated by focusing two-color laser pulses into the ambient air with a microlens array combining a lens is investigated. We observed a linear dependence of far-field collected THz radiation on the number of filaments and separated THz bunches that are less than 1 mm in diameter. These results indicate that the individual plasma filaments contribute incoherently to the entire THz output, which is demonstrated further with our simulation. Furthermore, the dependence of THz output on laser energy shows that the total energy of the THz beam array has not yet reached its saturation point under the conditions of current pump laser energy in our lab, indicating that it is still possible to further improve the THz output by further increasing the pump laser energy. This THz beam array may possibly be used in micro- or sub-millimeter multi-samples for THz imaging or as a stimuli array source for more scientific research in the future.
Production route analysis of a therapeutic radionuclide 177Lu
Authors: Rezaur Rahman A. K. M. , Amin Rifat 
Published: September 2022

177Lu is used in medical research for various radiotheragnostic applications in nuclear medicine because of its various isotope properties. In this paper, we calculated the cross sections and production yields of the Lu isotope from different reactions X+176,174Lu and X+176Lu in energy levels from 0.001 to 100 MeV by using TALYS-1.96 and EMPIRE-3.2.2. Although n, d, and t reactions show an outstanding cross-section performance, α and t reactions show very impactful integral yield data. For the potential outcomes, these estimates are analyzed by comparing them to TENDL-2019 and EMPIRE-3.2.2.
Methods and Calculations in Environmental Physics
Authors: Vallero Daniel A. 
Published: September 2022

Methods and Calculations in Environmental Physics refreshes and introduces the basics of physics for those trained in other disciplines who apply physics in their work and research. This book examines a range of topical environmental challenges from a physics perspective, addressing them as both forward and inverse problems. Readers are then able to see cause-and-effect relationships from the full range of physical principles and factors.
Comprehensive coverage includes:An interdisciplinary and systems approach to topics including systems dynamics, toxicology, risk exposure, and pollution controlA focus on many aspects of environmental problems from the perspective of the physicistRelationships between environmental physics, chemistry, and biology
Methods and Calculations in Environmental Physics is an invaluable resource for practicing environmental enginteers and scientists, graduate students in environmental programs, and undergraduates in engineering, biology, and ecology.
Applications and Calculations in Environmental Physics
Authors: Vallero Daniel A. 
Published: September 2022

Applications and Calculations in Environmental Physics addresses environmental pollution and its effects on human health and ecosystem conditions. It explores how all organisms respond to exposures to pollutants at the cellular level. The book describes in detail the science, engineering, and technologies needed to measure, remove, and treat pollutants and concludes with a forecast of some of the pollutants and problems that will emerge in the coming decades.
This important book:Describes the role physics plays in all types of environmental scenarios including laws, theories and principles of thermodynamics, and fluid dynamicsAddresses real-life problems and solutions for pollutants in the air, water, soil, or sediment, and in the human body and other organismsIncludes discussions of pollutant and nutrient transport, transformation, fate, and cycling through myriad ecosystems at every scale
Applications and Calculations in Environmental Physics is for professionals and researchers in environmental science, engineering, ecology, epidemiology, pharmacology, geology, land use planning, and soil science. Students and faculty and those interested in learning more about physical sciences such as physicians, attorneys, economists, and insurance auditors will also find it useful.
Single-particle studies of the effects of RNA–protein interactions on the self-assembly of RNA virus particles
Authors: Garmann Rees F. , Goldfain Aaron M. , Tanimoto Cheylene R. , Beren Christian E. , Vasquez Fernando F. , Villarreal Daniel A. , Knobler Charles M. , Gelbart William M. , Manoharan Vinothan N. 
Published: September 2022

Understanding the pathways by which simple RNA viruses self-assemble from their coat proteins and RNA is of practical and fundamental interest. Although RNA–protein interactions are thought to play a critical role in the assembly, our understanding of their effects is limited because the assembly process is difficult to observe directly. We address this problem by using interferometric scattering microscopy, a sensitive optical technique with high dynamic range, to follow the in vitro assembly kinetics of more than 500 individual particles of brome mosaic virus (BMV)—for which RNA–protein interactions can be controlled by varying the ionic strength of the buffer. We find that when RNA–protein interactions are weak, BMV assembles by a nucleation-and-growth pathway in which a small cluster of RNA-bound proteins must exceed a critical size before additional proteins can bind. As the strength of RNA–protein interactions increases, the nucleation time becomes shorter and more narrowly distributed, but the time to grow a capsid after nucleation is largely unaffected. These results suggest that the nucleation rate is controlled by RNA–protein interactions, while the growth process is driven less by RNA–protein interactions and more by protein–protein interactions and intraprotein forces. The nucleated pathway observed with the plant virus BMV is strikingly similar to that previously observed with bacteriophage MS2, a phylogenetically distinct virus with a different host kingdom. These results raise the possibility that nucleated assembly pathways might be common to other RNA viruses.
Investigation of the middle-energy region of the above-threshold ionization spectrum in a few-cycle laser field
Authors: Guo Li , Chen Shi , Hu Shilin , Lu Ronghua , Han Shensheng , Zhang Jingtao , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We use the improved strong-field approximation (ISFA) theory to investigate the evolution of the energy spectra with the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a few-cycle laser pulse. The theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental measurements performed by Lindner et al (2005 Phys. Rev. Lett.
95 040401) which can be attributed to the scattering electrons whose ionization rates are modulated by the CEP of the laser pulse. We further investigate the dynamic behavior of the relevant scattering electrons by a Wigner distribution-like function based on the ISFA. Our analysis indicates that the zeroth-return forward-scattering electrons that move directly to the parent ion after tunneling and scatter forward with the parent core play a key role in the energy range of 2U

p
∼ 4U

p
and the backward-scattering electrons are responsible for the high-energy region. Meanwhile, it is found that the contribution of the second-return backward-scattering electron to the middle energy spectrum is also important in the few-cycle laser field case.
Fabrication of folic acid-conjugated chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles for targeted delivery of Peganum harmala smoke extract to breast cancer cells
Authors: Homayouni Tabrizi Masoud 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, PLGA-NPs coated with folic acid-chitosan (PCF-NPs) loaded with Peganum harmala smoke extract (PSE) were synthesized (PSE-PCF-NPs), and their anti-cancer effects were evaluated. PSE-PCF-NPs were synthesized by the nanoprecipitation method and then characterized by DLS, SEM, and FTIR methods. HPLC and UV–vis spectroscopy were used to evaluate the PSE’s folic acid (FA) binding and encapsulation. PSE-PCF-NPs-mediated cell viability and apoptosis were investigated by MTT, qPCR, flow cytometry, AO/PI, and DAPI staining. Anti-oxidant properties of PSE-PCF-NPs were evaluated by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ROS. Angiogenic effects of PSE-PCF-NPs were assessed by CAM assay. The PSE-PCF-NPs (276.16 nm, PDI: 0.25, zeta-potential: +32.31 mV, FB: 67.6% and %EE: 89%) demonstrated selective toxicity on MCF-7 cells (IC50: 75.65 μg ml−1). The occurrence of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was confirmed by up-regulation of P53, Cas-3, and Cas-9 genes, increased SubG1 phase cells, and the results of fluorescent staining. Scavenging free radicals, reducing iron ions, increasing intracellular ROS, and decreasing SOD gene confirmed the anti- and pro-oxidant effects of PSE-PCF-NPs outside and inside MCF-7 cells. Reduction of angiogenic factors in CAM assay showed the anti-angiogenic effects of PSE-PCF-NPs. PSE-PCF-NPs, due to their anti-cancer properties, can be considered a therapeutic agent in cancer studies.
A note on the trade-off relationships of steering and Bell inequalities and the maximal mean values of Śliwa inequalities
Authors: Wang Jing , Sun Ling-Yun , Xu Li , Zhu Xue-Na , Li Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The detection of quantum correlations and the trade-off relationships of correlation resources in multi-partite systems are vitally important in quantum information theory. We present the trade-off relation of any quantum state with respect to the steering inequality and the trade-off relation of generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state with respect to the Mermin inequality. We also provide a quantitative analysis of the allocation of associated resources in multi-partite quantum systems. Computable formula of the maximal violation of the Śliwa inequality for any three-qubit state is presented.
Opportunities and challenges for antimicrobial nanostructured materials in the management of skin infections
Authors: Arruebo Manuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The management of skin and soft-tissue infections represents a burden for healthcare systems worldwide, demanding additional scientific efforts. Despite combined advances in modern medicine from different disciplines, chronic non-healing topical wounds still represent an unresolved clinical challenge. Nanotechnology has contributed significantly to the development of advanced therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in wound care. From this perspective, recommendations on the design of nano-based approaches for the management of infected non-healing chronic wounds are suggested. Preclinical results have demonstrated that nanostructured antimicrobial-loaded dressings and hydrogels can reduce the pathogenic bioburden and can restore the wound’s physiological balance. Future clinical trials that ensure meaningful results are recommended.
Mass transfer techniques for large-scale and high-density microLED arrays
Authors: Chen Furong , Bian Jing , Hu Jinlong , Sun Ningning , Yang Biao , Ling Hong , Yu Haiyang , Wang Kaixin , Gai Mengxin , Ma Yuhang , Huang YongAn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inorganic-based micro light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) offer more fascinating properties and unique demands in next-generation displays. However, the small size of the microLED chip (1–100 µm) makes it extremely challenging for high efficiency and low cost to accurately, selectively, integrate millions of microLED chips. Recent impressive technological advances have overcome the drawbacks of traditional pick-and-place techniques when they were utilized in the assembly of microLED display, including the most broadly recognized laser lift-off technique, contact micro-transfer printing (µTP) technique, laser non-contact µTP technique, and self-assembly technique. Herein, we firstly review the key developments in mass transfer technique and highlight their potential value, covering both the state-of-the-art devices and requirements for mass transfer in the assembly of the ultra-large-area display and virtual reality glasses. We begin with the significant challenges and the brief history of mass transfer technique, and expand that mass transfer technique is composed of two major techniques, namely, the epitaxial Lift-off technique and the pick-and-place technique. The basic concept and transfer effects for each representative epitaxial Lift-off and pick-and-place technique in mass transfer are then overviewed separately. Finally, the potential challenges and future research directions of mass transfer are discussed.
Development of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Prediction Model Using Electronic Health Record Data From an Academic Health System in the Southern United States
Authors: Burns Charles M , Pung Leland , Witt Daniel , Gao Michael , Sendak Mark , Balu Suresh , Krakower Douglas , Marcus Julia L , Okeke Nwora Lance , Clement Meredith E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is underutilized in the southern United States. Rapid identification of individuals vulnerable to diagnosis of HIV using electronic health record (EHR)-based tools may augment PrEP uptake in the region.

Methods
Using machine learning, we developed EHR-based models to predict incident HIV diagnosis as a surrogate for PrEP candidacy. We included patients from a southern medical system with encounters between October 2014 and August 2016, training the model to predict incident HIV diagnosis between September 2016 and August 2018. We obtained 74 EHR variables as potential predictors. We compared Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) versus least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression models, and assessed performance, overall and among women, using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and area under precision recall curve (AUPRC).

Results
Of 998 787 eligible patients, 162 had an incident HIV diagnosis, of whom 49 were women. The XGBoost model outperformed the LASSO model for the total cohort, achieving an AUROC of 0.89 and AUPRC of 0.01. The female-only cohort XGBoost model resulted in an AUROC of 0.78 and AUPRC of 0.00025. The most predictive variables for the overall cohort were race, sex, and male partner. The strongest positive predictors for the female-only cohort were history of pelvic inflammatory disease, drug use, and tobacco use.

Conclusions
Our machine-learning models were able to effectively predict incident HIV diagnoses including among women. This study establishes feasibility of using these models to identify persons most suitable for PrEP in the South.
Urinary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and metabolomics in COVID-19-mediated kidney injury
Authors: Vergara Ander , Wang Kaiming , Colombo Daniele , Gheblawi Mahmoud , Rasmuson Jaslyn , Mandal Rupasri , Del Nonno Franca , Chiu Brian , Scholey James W , Soler María José , Wishart David S , Oudit Gavin Y 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is highly expressed in the kidneys. Beyond serving as a crucial endogenous regulator of the renin–angiotensin system, ACE2 also possess a unique function to facilitate amino acid absorption. Our observational study sought to explore the relationship between urine ACE2 (uACE2) and renal outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
In a cohort of 104 patients with COVID-19 without acute kidney injury (AKI), 43 patients with COVID-19-mediated AKI and 36 non-COVID-19 controls, we measured uACE2, urine tumour necrosis factor receptors I and II (uTNF-RI and uTNF-RII) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL). We also assessed ACE2 staining in autopsy kidney samples and generated a propensity score–matched subgroup of patients to perform a targeted urine metabolomic study to describe the characteristic signature of COVID-19.

Results
uACE2 is increased in patients with COVID-19 and further increased in those that developed AKI. After adjusting uACE2 levels for age, sex and previous comorbidities, increased uACE2 was independently associated with a &gt;3-fold higher risk of developing AKI [odds ratio 3.05 (95% confidence interval 1.23‒7.58), P = .017]. Increased uACE2 corresponded to a tubular loss of ACE2 in kidney sections and strongly correlated with uTNF-RI and uTNF-RII. Urine quantitative metabolome analysis revealed an increased excretion of essential amino acids in patients with COVID-19, including leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between urine amino acids and uACE2.

Conclusions
Elevated uACE2 is related to AKI in patients with COVID-19. The loss of tubular ACE2 during SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrates a potential link between aminoaciduria and proximal tubular injury.