bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unique shape of scleral flap to increase surgical success rate in mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy: a 1-year study
Authors: Shih En-Jie , Chen Ying-Ying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aims to introduce a modified method of trabeculectomy, and compare its effectiveness and safety to previous studies.Methods: Twenty-seven glaucoma patients (32 eyes) were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital to receive mitomycin-C augmented trabeculectomy with unique shape of scleral flap. The primary outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) control and antiglaucoma medication use. Secondary outcome measures included: surgical success rate, complications, postoperative glaucoma surgical interventions, and lens extraction during the 1-year follow-up after trabeculectomy.Results: The IOP decreased significantly from baseline (28.80 ± 11.37 mm Hg) to postoperative day 1, week 1, week 2, week 4, week 6, month 3, month 6, and year 1 (range, 14.10 ± 5.90 to 17.80 ± 5.14 mm Hg; all p < 0.05). The antiglaucoma medication use also decreased significantly from baseline (n = 4.72 ± 1.25) to 1 year after trabeculectomy (n = 0.75 ± 1.37) (p < 0.001). During the 1-year follow-up period, neither surgical failure nor the requirement for glaucoma reoperation were observed. Early complications and interventions included bleb encapsulation (n = 3, 9.38%), bleb leaks (n = 3, 9.38%), and needling revision (n = 1, 3.13%). Late complications and interventions included bleb encapsulation (n = 2, 6.45%), needling (n = 5, 16.13%), and cataract extraction (n = 2, 6.45%).Conclusions: Our trabeculectomy method with a modified shape of scleral flap over anteriorized trap door to serve as safety valve yielded a favorable success rate and low hypotony-associated complication rate.
Effective Intervention and Prevention Strategies for Elder Abuse: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Yan Elsie , To Louis , Wan Debby , Xie Xiaojing , Wong Frances , Shum David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: One in six community dwelling older adults experience abuse and neglect. Elder abuse has serious consequences for individuals, families, and society including mortality, physical and psychological morbidities, and increased care utilization. Given its detrimental consequences, timely and effective prevention and intervention of elder abuse should be our top priority. This study used a qualitative focus group approach to answer the following questions: What are the important elements for elder abuse prevention and intervention? What could be done to improve existing prevention and intervention efforts?Method: Thirty-two participants including social workers, medical social workers, and nurses from seven respective organizations participated in a series of focus groups to share their knowledge and insights. All focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Three researchers with background in social work and psychology coded the transcripts independently and arrived at a series of themes generated from the focus groups. Results: Drawing on the practice wisdom and experience of frontline helping professionals in Hong Kong, we highlighted key elements of effective elder abuse prevention and intervention, in the areas of 1) identification and assessment (avenues for case identification, worker awareness and readiness, organization culture and support, risk and case assessment); 2) essential skills and attitudes (respecting client autonomy and privacy, building rapport, active listening, refraining from rushing into the helping mode); 3) effective interventions (providing tangible support, strength-based approach and post-traumatic growth, support and self-help groups, addressing complicated family relations, supporting caregivers, follow-up support), 4) collaborative efforts (multidisciplinary and cross agency collaboration, effective use of community resources), and 5) raising elder abuse awareness (professional training, public education, addressing bystander effect).Conclusions: The findings of this study provide important reference to inform future prevention and intervention programs.
Risk factors of in-hospital death in pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A case-control study
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Dai Lei , Li Deyuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Early mortality in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) remains largely high. The aim of our study was to comprehensively analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death in HLH patients.
Methods
A retrospective case-control study was conducted at West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2014 to December 2020. All pediatric patients diagnosed with HLH who were hospitalized for more than 24 hours were considered for inclusion. Collect demographic, laboratory, clinical, genetic profile, treatment information, and outcome data from records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors of in-hospital death.
Results
150 pediatric patients with HLH were enrolled in the study. The median age of patients was 54 months (IQR 25–107) and 94 (62.7%) were men. The median length of hospital stay was 17 days (IQR 8-27.5). The overall in-hospital mortality rate for the cohort was 8%. Multivariable regression analysis showed that hyperlactatemia (OR = 8.018, 95%CI 1.202–53.471, p = 0.032) and CRRT (OR = 7.746, 95%CI 1.258–47.680, p = 0.027) were associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
Conclusions
These data suggest that hyperlactatemia and CRRT use in pediatric patients with HLH were associated with increased in-hospital mortality.
Kinematic and Dynamic investigations of the variator with lever mechanisms
Authors: Abdiraimov Abdusamad Akmatovich 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the spatial lever mechanisms attached to the speed variator. The device of the mechanism is described that has the ability to change the transmission ratio in a wide range by converting rotary motion into translational motion and having the ability of reversibility. A kinematic investigation of mechanisms was carried out, where the tasks of direct and inverse kinematics were solved and the uniformity of the output shaft rotation has been proved, as well as the main kinematic characteristics of the links were determined. In the dynamic investigation of mechanisms was used the kinetostatic analysis, where the reactions in kinematic pairs and the ratio of the input and output moments on the mechanism depending on the transmission ratio were determined. Numerical analysis has confirmed the validity and correctness of the theoretical results.
Randomised Controlled Trial CompAring THE Clinical And CosT-Effectiveness Of VaRious Washout Policies Versus No Washout Policy In Preventing Catheter Associated Complications In Adults Living With Long-Term Catheters: study protocol for the CATHETER II study.
Authors: Abdel-fattah Mohamed , Johnson Diana , Constable Lynda , Thomas Ruth , Cotton Seonaidh , Tripathee Sheela , Cooper David , Boran Sue , Dimitropoulos Konstantinos , Evans Suzanne , Granitsiotis Paraskeve , Hashim Hashim , Kilonzo Mary , Larcombe James , Little Paul , MacLennan Sara , Murchie Peter , Myint Phyo Kyaw , N'Dow James , Norrie John , Omar Muhammad Imran , Paterson Catherine , Scotland Graham , Thiruchelvam Nikesh , MacLennan Graeme 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
• Background Various washout policies are widely used in adults living with long-term catheters (LTC). There is currently insufficient evidence on the benefits and potential harms of prophylactic LTC washout policies in prevention of blockages and other LTC-related adverse events, such as urinary tract infections. CATHETER II tests the hypothesis that weekly prophylactic LTC washouts (normal saline or citric acid) in addition to standard LTC care reduces the incidence of catheter blockage requiring intervention compared to standard LTC care only in adults living with LTC.• MethodsCATHETER II is a pragmatic three-arm open multi-centre superiority randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot, economic analysis, and embedded qualitative study. Eligible participants are adults aged ≥18 years, who have had a LTC in use for ≥28 days, have no plans to discontinue the use of the catheter, are able to undertake the catheter washouts, and complete trial documentation or have a carer able to help them. Participants are identified from General Practitioner practices, secondary / tertiary care, community healthcare, care homes and via public advertising strategies. Participants are randomised 1:1:1 to receive a weekly saline (0.9%) washout in addition to standard LTC care, a weekly citric acid (3.23%) washout in addition to standard LTC care or standard LTC care only. Participants and/or carers will receive training to administer the washouts. Patient-reported outcomes are collected at baseline and for 24 months post-randomisation. The primary clinical outcome is catheter blockage requiring intervention up to 24 months post-randomisation expressed per 1000 catheter days. Secondary outcomes include symptomatic catheter-associated urinary tract infection requiring antibiotics, catheter change, adverse events, NHS/ healthcare use, and impact on quality of life. • DiscussionThis study will guide treatment decision-making and clinical practice guidelines regarding the effectiveness of various prophylactic catheter washout policies in men and women living with LTC. This research has received ethical approval from Wales Research Ethics Committee 6 (19/WA/0015).• Trial registration ISRCTN (ISRCTN17116445). Registered prospectively on 06 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17116445
Non linear lamb waves for the detection of localized defects using the cumulative second and third harmonics: Experimental study
Authors: Taleb Sarah , Boubenider Fouad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have proved the usability of the non linear S0 Lamb mode without satisfying the phase velocity matching criteria, and the possibility to extend its application to varying thickness plates. Based on that, this work proposes an experimental study of the inspection of macro scale localized defects with a size smaller than the used wavelength, via the second and third harmonics generation. Results were obtained on verifying their cumulative effect with varying the defect’s width and also on finding that the third harmonic is better suited for larger scale inspection using the non linear Lamb waves, and identifying the propagating modes in the plates using the wavelet transform.
Improving the readiness and clinical quality of antenatal care – findings from a quasi-experimental evaluation of a performance-based financing scheme in Burkina Faso
Authors: Appel Inke , Lohmann Julia , De Allegri Manuela , Koulidati Jean-Louis , Somda Serge , Robyn Jake , Badolo Hermann , Brenner Stephan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: While maternal mortality has declined globally, it remains highest in low-income countries. High-quality antenatal care (ANC) can control or decrease pregnancy-related complications for mothers and newborns. The implementation of performance-based financing (PBF) schemes in Sub-Saharan Africa to improve primary healthcare provision commonly includes mechanisms targeting ANC service quality. In this study, we examine changes in ANC provision produced by the introduction of a PBF scheme in rural Burkina Faso.Methods: This study followed a quasi-experimental design with two data collection points comparing effects on ANC service quality between primary health facilities across intervention and control districts based on difference-in-differences estimates. Outcome variables were defined using data on structural and process quality of care reflecting key clinical aspects of ANC provision (i.e. screening, prevention) for two different client groups (i.e. first ANC visits, follow-up visits).Results: We found a statistically significant increase of 10 percent-points in facilities’ readiness to provide ANC services. Although clinical care provided to different ANC client groups was generally low, especially with respect to preventive care measures, we failed to observe any substantial changes in the clinical provision of ANC care attributable to the PBF.Conclusion: The observed effect pattern seems largely to reflect the incentive structure implemented by the scheme, with a stronger focus on structural elements compared with clinical aspects of care. This might have limited the scheme’s overall potential to improve ANC provision at the client level after the observed three-year implementation period. To improve both facility readiness and health worker performance, stronger incentives might be needed to increase adherence to technical standards and technical patient care outcomes.
Risperidone for the Treatment of Retentive Fecal Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: A Randomize Clinical Trial
Authors: Zahed Ghazal , Fatahi Somaye , Tabatabaee Leila , Prabahar Kousalya , Hosseini Amirhossein 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Functional retentive overflow incontinence (Retentive FI) is the most common cause of fecal soiling in children. Based on the clinical experiences, patients with retentive FI and comorbid psychiatric disorders, were accelerated in their treatment of fecal incontinence when they were being treated with Risperidone for their psychiatric comorbidities, therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Risperidone in the treatment of Retentive FI in children and adolescents. Method: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 170 patients aged 4-16 years eligible for the study were randomly divided into two groups receiving Risperidone (n=70) and placebo (n=70). About half of these patients had newly diagnosed psychiatric disorders and were drug naïve, this was considered in their division. Participants received a daily dose of 0.25-0.5 mg every 12 hours of Risperidone syrup (intervention group) or maltodextrin (placebo group) for 12 weeks. Sociodemographic data including age, sex, weight, height, BMI and BMI z-score (equivalent BMI-for-age percentile), and socioeconomic status were recorded. nocturnal fecal incontinence, diurnal fecal incontinence and painful defecations information was collected from subjects. Results: 136 participants (69 on Risperidone and 67 on placebo) completed the intervention. Mean age of participant in the intervention and placebo groups were 7.2±2.4 years and 8.0±3.1 y, respectively. The mean number of nocturnal fecal incontinence (Ptrend=0.39), diurnal fecal incontinence (Ptrend=0.48) and painful defecations for participants with and without psychiatric comorbidities were not significantly different between the groups (P=0.49, P=0.47, respectively). While, a significant interaction was observed between time and psychiatric comorbidities (P <0.001) for diurnal fecal incontinence after treatment with Risperidone.Conclusion: Based on our findings in this study, Risperidone, used commonly for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, may be useful in the treatment of retentive fecal incontinence in the presence of psychiatric comorbidities, and along with other interventions.
Early intraocular pressure spike after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and goniosynechialysis in primary angle-closure glaucoma
Authors: Yu Lei , Li Yao-yao , zuo Jing-jing , Tang Yi-hua , Li Guo-xing , Zhang Shao-dan , Zhang Qi , Liang Yuan-bo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics and associated risk factors of early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) spike in patients undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and goniosynechialysis in primary angle-closure glaucoma.Design: Retrospective case series.Patients and Methods: Patients with consecutive primary angle-closure glaucoma patients without previous incisional glaucoma surgery who had undergone phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and goniosynechialysis (PEI-GSL) by the same surgeon between January 2017 and November 2019 were reviewed to obtain the demographic information, number of antiglaucoma medications, preoperative IOP, pre-operative peripheral anterior synechiae (P-PAS), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean deviation (MD), as well as pattern standard deviation (PSD) of the visual field (VF), Optic Vertica Cup-to-Disc ratio (C/D), intraoperative PAS remain (I-PAS), and postoperative outcomes. A postoperative early IOP spike was defined as an IOP of at least 21 mmHg at 2 h post-operation. The main outcome parameters were the frequency and distribution of postoperative IOP spikes and the risk factors associated with an IOP spike after PEI-GSL.Results: Of 100 eyes (100 patients) included in the study, 32% showed an early IOP spike (IOP spike group), while 68% showed no early IOP spike (no IOP spike group). Eleven patients (34.3%) from the IOP spike group showed an IOP value of ≥30 mmHg, and all underwent 2.82 times of aqueous humor release postoperatively. In the IOP spike group, twelve patients (37.5%) showed an IOP value of ≥21 mmHg at postoperative day (POD) 1, while three (9.4%) showed an IOP value of ≥21 mmHg at POD 7. The overall success rate was 89.74%, and the qualified success rate was 95.12% at the last follow-up (mean = 19.9 months, range 6–46 months). There was no significant difference in the frequency of IOP levels of ≥ 21 mmHg between the IOP spike group and the non-IOP spike group at the last visit (Fisher exact test, P = 1.000). Diagnosis of APACG or CPACG was associated with P-PAS, ACD, and PSD of VF but not with IOP spike (F = 4.003, P = 0.045).Conclusions: A significant percentage of PACG patients undergoing PEI-GSL had IOP spike at 2 h postoperatively. Side-port release of aqueous humor and use of antiglaucoma medications can effectively reduce IOP within one week after surgery. IOP spike was observed more frequently in patients with CPACG than in patients with APACG at 2 h postoperatively. Postoperative IOP spike did not affect the long-term success rate of IOP control.
The number of day 2 4-cell embryos is link with available blastocysts and live birth rate
Authors: Liu Shuang , Chen Shaowei , Wang Fang , Lan Yunzhu , Fu Li , Huang Guiying , Liu Yaofang , Liu Ling , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of study is to assess the associations between the number of day 2 4-cell embryos (D2-4C) and the subsequent ability of available blastocysts and pregnancy outcomes in natural cycle IVF.. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study for couples with infertility treatment between October 2017 and December 2020. The number of D2-4C was recorded during the 948 blastocyst culture cycles in the study. Additionally, the number of D2-4C were analyzed with regard to their live birth rate during 685 double cleavage embryo transfer cycles and 145 single blastocyst transfer.Results: Our fndings showed the number of D2-4C was positively correlated with the number of available blastocysts (r = 0.752, p < 0.001), and have the highest prediction effect on available blastocysts, with an area under the curve (AUC) (95% CI) = 0.861 (0.826-0.896). Thus, the cut-off point was founded to be 4.5, especially in younger than 25 years old, AUC = 0.927. The live birth rate varied significantly according to D2-4C number, with the rate of 17.6%, 33.0% and 36.8% for zero 4-cell embryos, one 4-cell embryos and two 4-cell embryos groups, respectively (p < 0.01). Additional, with the percentage of 1.82%, 5.45% and 92.73% for zero 4-cells, one 4-cells and two 4-cells groups in twin cycle, respectively (p < 0.01). Double D2-4C groups and single blastocyst transfer groups achieved similar live birth rates (36.9% vs. 33.8%; p > 0.05), however the twin rate increased significantly in double D2 - 4C groups (33.0% vs. 2.0%; p < 0.01).Conclusion: The number of D2-4C was related to increase of available blastocysts and live birth rate, and two D2-4C increase twin rate in double cleavage embryo transfer cycles.
Adjuvantation of whole-killed Leishmania vaccine with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies potentiates its efficacy and provides strong protection against virulent parasites
Authors: Singh Rajan , Anand Anshul , Mahapatra Baishakhi , Saini Shashi , Singh Abhishek , Singh Samer , Kumar Vinod , Das Pradeep , Singh Rakesh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The poor abilities of parasitic antigens to induce cell-mediated immunity is one of the major reasons for the limited success of vaccine candidates against all forms of leishmaniasis. Here we find, for the first time, that the adjuvantation of whole-killed Leishmania vaccine with anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies significantly enhances CD4+ T cells mediated immunity in vaccinated animals and provides strong protection against virulent parasites. The antibody adjuvantation, either alone or with a TLR4 agonist monophosphoryl A (MPL-A), significantly induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines viz., IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-2 by antigen experienced CD4+ T cells, and also enhanced their rate of conversion into their memory phenotypes. The antibody adjuvantation also promoted the establishment of IgG2a-mediated protective humoral immunity against parasitic antigens. The vaccinated animals showed strong resilience against virulent L. donovani parasites as we observed reduced clinical features such as splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, granulomatous tissues in the liver, and significantly less parasitic load in their spleen. The findings of this study demonstrate that the anti-CD200 and anti-CD300a antibodies adjuvantation significantly increases the protective efficacy of the whole-killed Leishmania vaccine. This study opens up a new gateway to diversify the roles of immune inhibitory molecules in vaccine development against leishmaniasis.
Evaluation of sympathetic skin response for early diagnosis and follow-up in childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus with peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Jin Mei , Liu Jing , Liu Kang , Zhao Ziwei , Sun Suzhen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The morbidity of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children is increasing and peripheral neuropathy is one of the common clinical complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of sympathetic skin response (SSR) and NCS for early diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathy in children with T1DM .Methods: Enrolling 85 children patients and 30 healthy controls, aged 14 years and younger, with clinically diagnosed T1DM from endocrinology wards between October 2017 to March 2020. Compared the characteristics of SSR and nerve conduction study (NCS) in T1DM patients, and analyzed the abnormality of SSR and NCS in different duration as well as the changes of SSR and NCS after therapy for 6 months.Results: The SSR latencies of T1DM group were prolonged and the conduction velocity were slower than the control group (P<0.05).There were no statistical differences between the abnormal rates of SSR and NCS, the abnormal rates of SSR combined with NCS were 76.5% (65/85) and were higher than those of single SSR or NCV test (P＜0.001).The abnormal rates of SSR and NCV in long duration of disease were higher than those in short duration of disease (P＜0.05). Among 65 children with diabetic neuropathy, the onset latencies of SSR were shortened and the NCS were improved after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusions: The combination of SSR and NCS were superior to the single SSR or NCS, therefore, SSR and NCS could provide the accurate early diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric diabetic neuropathy.