bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burn Wound Bed Management
Authors: Wong She Richard B , Gibran Nicole S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Critical to the success of modern burn care is the management of the burn wound. Timely and complete removal of nonviable tissue is complicated by the irreplaceable nature of the tissue lost either through the burn injury or as “collateral damage” as part of the treatment. Challenges in distinguishing between viable and nonviable tissue and “replacing the irreplaceable” are discussed alongside potential disruptive technologies which could fundamentally change how burn care is delivered. Advances in burn wound bed management forms the foundation on which the goal of zero preventable death and disability after burn injury can be achieved.
TransNav: spatial sequential transformer network for visual navigation
Authors: Zhou Kang , Zhang Huyin , Li Fei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Visual navigation task is to steer an embodied agent finding the given target based on observation. The effective transformer from observation of the agent to visual representation determines the navigation actions and promotes more informed navigation policy. In this work, we propose a spatial sequential transformer network (SSTNet) for learning informative visual representation in deep reinforcement learning. SSTNet is composed by spatial attention probability fused model (SAF) and sequential transformer network (STNet). SAF enforces cross-modal state into visual clues in reinforcement learning. It encodes semantic information about observed objects, as well as spatial information about their location, which jointly exploiting image inter-relations. STNet generates (imagines) the next observations and makes action inference of the aspects most relevant to the target. It decodes the image intra-relations. This way, the agent learns to understand the causality between navigation actions and dynamic changes in observations. SSTNet is conditioned on an auto-regressive model on the desired reward, past states, actions, and knowledge graph. The whole navigation framework considers the local and global visual information, as well as time sequential information. Thus, it allows the agent to navigate towards the sought-after object effectively. We evaluate our model on the AI2THOR framework show that our method attains at least $10\%$ improvement of average success rate over most state-of-the-art models. Code and datasets can be found in https://github.com/zhoukang123/SDTNet_2022.
The phylogeny of California, and how it informs setting multispecies conservation priorities
Authors: Toffelmier Erin , Beninde Joscha , Shaffer H Bradley 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIncorporating measures of taxonomic diversity into research and management plans has long been a tenet of conservation science. Increasingly, active conservation programs are turning toward multispecies landscape and regional conservation actions, and away from single species approaches. This is both a reflection of changing trends in conservation science and advances in foundational technologies, including genomics and geospatial science. Multispecies approaches may provide more fundamental insights into evolutionary processes and equip managers with a more holistic understanding of the landscapes under their jurisdiction. Central to this approach are data generation and analyses which embrace and reflect a broad range of taxonomic diversity. Here, we examine the family-level phylogenetic breadth of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP) based on family-level phylogenetic diversity (PD), family-level phylogenetic distinctness, and family richness. We place this in the context of the diversity present in California and compare it to the 35-plus years of genetic research compiled in the CaliPopGen Database. We found that the family-level PD in the CCGP reflected that of California very well, slightly overrepresenting chordates and underrepresenting arthropods, and that 42% of CCGP PD represented new contributions to genetic data for the state. In one focused effort, the CCGP was able to achieve roughly half the family-level PD studied over the last several decades. To maximize studied PD, future work should focus on arthropods, a conclusion that likely reflects the overall lack of attention to this hyperdiverse clade.
Direct and Indirect Impacts of the Tuberolachnus salignus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Invasion in New Zealand and Management Alternatives
Authors: Tun Kyaw Min , Minor Maria , Jones Trevor , Clavijo McCormick Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Invasive insects are a serious problem in New Zealand, and their introduction and successful establishment are predicted to increase with global commerce and climate change. A recent introduction to New Zealand is Tuberolachnus salignus (Gmelin), a large aphid that attacks mainly willows but also other plants such as poplars, apples, and pears. It was first reported in 2013 but has since then spread rapidly throughout the country. We conducted a 2-yr study exploring the direct (on the host plant) and indirect (on other organisms) impacts of the aphid, in a field setting including 15 willow clones selected to represent the variety of species and hybrids present in New Zealand. Our research revealed great variation in the level of resistance/susceptibility of different clones and suggested a trade-off between reproduction, growth, and defense. We investigated the indirect effects of the aphid on honeydew foragers and on the soil ecosystem, through honeydew production and deposition, revealing complex cascading effects involving multiple trophic levels. We also explore and discuss management alternatives including the replacement of willows for native species or resistant varieties, the use of biological control agents, and the feasibility of chemical control. This work is one of few studies on the complex ecological effects of invasive phytophagous insects and could serve as a model for future research and to inform pest management. To conclude, we identify gaps in the knowledge and highlight aspects requiring further research.
Current perspectives of the Japanese Esophageal Oncology Group on the development of immunotherapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Kadono Toru , Yamamoto Shun , Kato Ken 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide and continues to have a poor prognosis. Starting with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with metastatic melanoma, many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors against various malignancies. Although few effective drugs are available for patients with advanced esophageal cancer, two immune checkpoint inhibitors, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have been approved as second-line treatments for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results as post-operative therapies and first-line treatments for advanced esophageal cancer. Nivolumab has been approved as a post-operative therapy based on the CheckMate-577 trial, and nivolumab, ipilimumab and pembrolizumab have been approved as first-line treatments based on the CheckMate-648 trial and the KEYNOTE-590 trial. In addition, many trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus pre-operative treatment or definitive chemoradiotherapy are ongoing. The Japan Esophageal Oncology Group was established in 1978 and has conducted numerous clinical trials, most of which have examined multimodality treatments. In the era of immunotherapy, Japan Esophageal Oncology Group is conducting a clinical trial studying multimodality treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. JCOG1804E (FRONTiER) is a phase I trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nivolumab plus pre-operative chemotherapy followed by surgery. These results might improve the clinical outcomes of esophageal cancer patients.
A multicentre retrospective study comparing site-specific treatment with empiric treatment for unfavourable subset of cancer of unknown primary site
Authors: Nishikawa Kazuo , Hironaka Shuichi , Inagaki Takashi , Komori Azusa , Otsu Satoshi , Mitsugi Kenji , Makiyama Akitaka , Watanabe Koichiro , Tamura Shingo , Okumura Yuta , Kusaba Hitoshi , Esaki Taito , Baba Eishi , Shirao Kuniaki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with cancer of unknown primary site are divided into two distinct groups, favourable and unfavourable subsets. For the unfavourable subset, empiric treatment or site-specific treatment is recommended, but limited knowledge exists about the efficacy of site-specific treatment compared with empiric treatment in clinical practice.

Methods
In this multicentre retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with cancer of unknown primary site treated with chemotherapy (or chemoradiotherapy) as first-line treatment from eight institutions during 2006–18. We investigated the workup modality and categorized the patients into favourable and unfavourable subsets, which were further divided into site-specific and empiric treatment groups. Site-specific treatment is defined as a standard chemotherapy for an estimated primary site. We examined the efficacy in the favourable and unfavourable subsets and performed multivariable analysis for estimating the overall survival in the unfavourable subset.

Results
Of 177 patients with cancer of unknown primary site, 33 and 144 were categorized into favourable and unfavourable subsets, respectively. In the unfavourable subset, 84 patients (58.3%) received empiric therapy, and 60 patients (41.7%) received site-specific treatment. Median overall survival was 10.0 and 10.1 months in site-specific and empiric treatment groups, respectively, with no significant difference (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.70–1.45, P = 0.95). Multivariable analysis revealed performance status, number of metastatic sites and hypoalbuminaemia as independent prognostic factors for overall survival in the unfavourable subset.

Conclusions
Overall survival in site-specific and empiric treatment groups was similar in the unfavourable cancer of unknown primary site subset in this study. Further research is needed to prolong overall survival in patients in the unfavourable cancer of unknown primary site subset.
Red Rubiscos and opportunities for engineering green plants
Authors: Oh Zhen Guo , Askey Bryce , Gunn Laura H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nature’s vital, but notoriously inefficient, CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco often limits the growth of photosynthetic organisms including crop species. Form I Rubiscos comprise eight catalytic large subunits and eight auxiliary small subunits and can be classified into two distinct lineages—‘red’ and ‘green’. While red-type Rubiscos (Form IC and ID) are found in rhodophytes, their secondary symbionts, and certain proteobacteria, green-type Rubiscos (Form IA and IB) exist in terrestrial plants, chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and other proteobacteria. Eukaryotic red-type Rubiscos exhibit desirable kinetic properties, namely high specificity and high catalytic efficiency, with certain isoforms outperforming green-type Rubiscos. However, it is not yet possible to functionally express a high-performing red-type Rubisco in chloroplasts to boost photosynthetic carbon assimilation in green plants. Understanding the molecular and evolutionary basis for divergence between red- and green-type Rubiscos could help us to harness the superior CO2-fixing power of red-type Rubiscos. Here we review our current understanding about red-type Rubisco distribution, biogenesis, and sequence–structure, and present opportunities and challenges for utilizing red-type Rubisco kinetics towards crop improvements.
Religious Experience, Storytelling, and Ethical Action in Muhammad Iqbal’s Javid Nama and Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s Nathan
Authors: Khan Maria , Wagner Ulrike 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article brings Muhammad Iqbal’s Persian book of poetry, Javid Nama, into dialogue with Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s drama Nathan the Wise. In conversation with Islam’s early history, narrative traditions, and debates over the status of revelation and reason, both authors, we argue, envision religious truth as an irreducible experience that no single doctrine can lay exclusivist claims to. We demonstrate that intuition, reason, and revelation coexist as different paths toward spiritual insights in their fictional works. In different yet comparable ways, they create a fresh ontological ground for negotiating questions of divine truth and move the searching subject centre stage. Focused on deeds and actions, their reform projects promote an ethical conduct of life and acceptance among different religious groups that could not contrast more profoundly with the political reality in most Islamic countries today.
WR 63: a multiple system (O+O) + WR?
Authors: Chené André-Nicolas , Mahy Laurent , Gosset Eric , St-Louis Nicole , Dsilva Karan , Manick Rajeev 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The spectrum of the Wolf–Rayet (WR) star WR 63 contains spectral lines of two different O stars that show regular radial velocity (RV) variations with amplitudes of ∼160 and ∼225 km s−1 on a ∼4.03 d period. The light curve shows two narrow eclipses that are 0.2 mag deep on the same period as the RV changes. On the other hand, our data show no significant RV variations for the WR spectral lines. Those findings are compatible with WR 63 being a triple system composed of two non-interacting late-O stars orbiting a WR star on a period longer than 1000 d. The amplitude of the WR spectral line-profile variability reaches 7–8 per cent of the line intensity and seems related to a 0.04 mag periodic photometric variation. Large wind density structures are a possible origin for this variability, but our data are not sufficient to verify this. Our analysis shows that, should the three stars be bound, they would be coeval with an age of about 5.9 ± 1.4 Myr. The distance to the O stars is estimated to be $3.4\, \pm \, 0.5$ kpc. Their dynamical masses are 14.3 ± 0.1 and 10.3 ± 0.1 M⊙. Using rotating single-star evolutionary tracks, we estimate their initial masses to be 18 ± 2 and 16 ± 2 M⊙ for the primary and the secondary, respectively. Regular spectral monitoring is required in the future to detect RV variations of the WR star that would prove that it is gravitationally bound to the close O+OB system and to determine its mass.
Search and identification of transient and variable radio sources using MeerKAT observations: a case study on the MAXI J1820+070 field
Authors: Rowlinson A , Meijn J , Bright J , van der Horst A J , Chastain S , Fijma S , Fender R , Heywood I , Wijers R A M J , Woudt P A , Andersson A , Sivakoff G R , Tremou E , Driessen L N 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Many transient and variable sources detected at multiple wavelengths are also observed to vary at radio frequencies. However, these samples are typically biased towards sources that are initially detected in wide-field optical, X-ray, or gamma-ray surveys. Many sources that are insufficiently bright at higher frequencies are therefore missed, leading to potential gaps in our knowledge of these sources and missing populations that are not detectable in optical, X-rays, or gamma-rays. Taking advantage of new state-of-the-art radio facilities that provide high-quality wide-field images with fast survey speeds, we can now conduct unbiased surveys for transient and variable sources at radio frequencies. In this paper, we present an unbiased survey using observations obtained by MeerKAT, a mid-frequency (∼GHz) radio array in South Africa’s Karoo Desert. The observations used were obtained as part of a weekly monitoring campaign for X-ray binaries (XRBs) and we focus on the field of MAXI J1820+070. We develop methods to efficiently filter transient and variable candidates that can be directly applied to other data sets. In addition to MAXI J1820+070, we identify four likely active galactic nuclei, one source that could be a Galactic source (pulsar or quiescent XRB) or an AGN, and one variable pulsar. No transient sources, defined as being undetected in deep images, were identified leading to a transient surface density of &lt;3.7 × 10−2 deg−2 at a sensitivity of 1 mJy on time-scales of 1 week at 1.4 GHz.
ExoMol line lists – XLVII. Rovibronic molecular line list of the calcium monohydroxide radical (CaOH)
Authors: Owens Alec , Mitrushchenkov Alexander , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Any future detection of the calcium monohydroxide radical (CaOH) in stellar and exoplanetary atmospheres will rely on accurate molecular opacity data. Here, we present the first comprehensive molecular line list of CaOH covering the $\tilde{A}\, ^2\Pi$–$\tilde{X}\, ^2\Sigma ^+$ rotation-vibration-electronic and $\tilde{X}\, ^2\Sigma ^+$–$\tilde{X}\, ^2\Sigma ^+$ rotation-vibration bands. The newly computed OYT6 line list contains over 24.2 billion transitions between 3.2 million energy levels with rotational excitation up to J = 175.5. It is applicable to temperatures up to T = 3000 K and covers the 0–35 000 cm−1 range (wavelengths λ &gt; 0.29 μm) for rotational, rotation-vibration and the $\tilde{A}\, ^2\Pi$–$\tilde{X}\, ^2\Sigma ^+$ electronic transitions. The strong band around 16 000 cm−1 (λ = 0.63 μm) is likely to be of interest in future astronomical observations, particularly in hot rocky exoplanets where temperatures can become extremely high. The OYT6 line list has been generated using empirically refined $\tilde{X}\, ^2\Sigma ^+$ and $\tilde{A}\, ^2\Pi$ state potential energy surfaces, high-level ab initio transition dipole moment surfaces, and a rigorous treatment of both Renner–Teller and spin-orbit coupling effects, which are necessary for correctly modelling the CaOH spectrum. Post-processing of the CaOH line list has been performed so as to tailor it to high-resolution applications, i.e. by replacing calculated energy levels with more accurate empirically derived values (where available), hence improving the accuracy of the predicted line positions in certain regions. The OYT6 line list is available from the ExoMol data base at www.exomol.com and the CDS astronomical data base.
Evidence of galaxy assembly bias in SDSS DR7 galaxy samples from count statistics
Authors: Wang Kuan , Mao Yao-Yuan , Zentner Andrew R , Guo Hong , Lange Johannes U , van den Bosch Frank C , Mezini Lorena 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We present observational constraints on the galaxy–halo connection, focusing particularly on galaxy assembly bias from a novel combination of counts-in-cylinders statistics, P(NCIC), with the standard measurements of the projected two-point correlation function wp(rp), and number density ngal of galaxies. We measure ngal, wp(rp), and P(NCIC) for volume-limited, luminosity-threshold samples of galaxies selected from SDSS DR7, and use them to constrain halo occupation distribution (HOD) models, including a model in which galaxy occupation depends upon a secondary halo property, namely halo concentration. We detect significant positive central assembly bias for the Mr &lt; −20.0 and Mr &lt; −19.5 samples. Central galaxies preferentially reside within haloes of high concentration at fixed mass. Positive central assembly bias is also favoured in the Mr &lt; −20.5 and Mr &lt; −19.0 samples. We find no evidence of central assembly bias in the Mr &lt; −21.0 sample. We observe only a marginal preference for negative satellite assembly bias in the Mr &lt; −20.0 and Mr &lt; −19.0 samples, and non-zero satellite assembly bias is not indicated in other samples. Our findings underscore the necessity of accounting for galaxy assembly bias when interpreting galaxy survey data, and demonstrate the potential of count statistics in extracting information from the spatial distribution of galaxies, which could be applied to both galaxy–halo connection studies and cosmological analyses.
Multiple flares caused by mass ejection episodes during the advanced nebular phase of Nova Scuti 2019
Authors: Munari U , Righetti G L , Dallaporta S 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Our photometric and spectroscopic monitoring shows that starting with 2020 June 4, day +217 from optical maximum and well into its advanced nebular stage, Nova Scuti (Nova Sct) 2019 begun displaying a series of nine large amplitude flares (up to $\Delta m \sim 1.7$ mag), characterized by a rapid rise to peak (≤10 h) and a fast exponential decline (e-folding time ∼50 h). The time interval Δt between flares follows an ordered sequence, declining from 8.43 to 4.90 d, that safely allows to exclude that any other flare occurred without being recorded by the observations. When the sequence of flares was over by 2020 July 28 (day +271), Nova Sct 2019 slowed its overall decline rate from Δm = 0.0067 to 0.0027 mag d−1. The flares were caused by material expelled at high velocity (∼1000 km s−1) from the still burning white dwarf (WD). The cooler pseudo-photosphere forming at each flare in the expelled material, resulted in a recombination wave to spread through the original nova ejecta (at ∼170 au from the WD), quenching emission from [Fe x] and [Fe vii] and boosting that from lower ionization species. After each flare, once the small amount of expelled material had turned optically thin, the original nova ejecta resumed displaying [Fe x] and [Fe vii] emission lines, a fact that clearly proves the direct photoionization action exerted on the ejecta by the burning WD. While the other known flaring novae (V458 Vul, V4745 Sgr, and V5588 Sgr) presented the flares close to maximum brightness and with increasing Δt, Nova Sct 2019 is unique in having displayed them during the advanced nebular stage and with decreasing Δt.
Impact of magnetic fields on Population III star formation
Authors: Saad Cynthia R , Bromm Volker , El Eid Mounib 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The theory of the formation of the first stars in the Universe, the so-called Population III (Pop III), has until now largely neglected the impact of magnetic fields. Complementing a series of recent studies of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) aspects of Pop III star formation, we here carry out a suite of idealized numerical experiments where we ascertain how the fragmentation properties of primordial protostellar discs are modified if MHD effects are present. Specifically, starting from cosmological initial conditions, we focus on the central region in a select minihalo at redshift z ∼ 25, inserting a magnetic field at an intermediate evolutionary stage, normalized to a fraction of the equipartition value. To explore parameter space, we consider different field geometries, including uniform, radial, toroidal, and poloidal field configurations, with the toroidal configuration being the most realistic. The collapse of the gas is followed for ∼8 orders of magnitude in density after the field was inserted, until a maximum of $10^{15} {\rm \, cm}^{-3}$ is reached. We find that the magnetic field leads to a delay in the collapse of the gas. Moreover, the toroidal field has the strongest effect on the collapse as it inhibits the fragmentation of the emerging disc surrounding the central core and leads to the formation of a more massive core. The full understanding of the formation of Pop III stars and their mass distribution thus needs to take into account the effect of magnetic fields. We further conclude that ideal MHD is only a first step in this endeavour, to be followed up with a comprehensive treatment of dissipative effects, such as ambipolar diffusion and Ohmic dissipation.