bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood homocysteine levels mediate the association between blood lead levels and cardiovascular mortality
Authors: Shibeeb Sapha , Abdallah Atiyeh , Shi Zumin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lead is a heavy, toxic metal and its exposure to humans can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease development and mortality. Lead exposure has been shown to induce hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy ) which further increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the mediation effect of blood lead induced HHCy on cardiovascular mortality in a national cohort. A total of 17,915 adults aged ≥ 20 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to 2006). Information on mortality was ascertained via probabilistic matching to the death certificates from the National Death Index recorded up to December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to assess the association between blood lead levels and mortality. Mediation via HHCy was examined using a logit model. During a mean follow-up of 11.6 years, the incidences of CVD mortality were 0.73, 2.18, 3.03 and 4.94 per 1000 person-years across quarterlies of blood lead levels from low to high. Following multivariable adjustment, blood lead levels were strongly associated with CVD mortality in all mortality models (p trend < 0.001). This association remained statistically significant after further adjusting for quartiles of homocysteine (model 3; HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.01 - 1.89) p trend < 0.001). Furthermore, blood lead levels increased the odds of CVD mortality via homocysteine (indirect effect) (OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.30 - 1.55)), demonstrating the mediatory effect of homocysteine. This the first study that demonstrates that increased homocysteine mediates more than half of CVD mortality related to blood lead levels.
Point Cloud Learning with Transformer
Authors: Zhong Qi , Han Xian-Feng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Remarkable performance from Transformer networks in Natural Language Processing promote the development of these models in dealing with computer vision tasks such as image recognition and segmentation. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework, called Multi-level Multi-scale Point Transformer (MLMSPT) that works directly on the irregular point clouds for representation learning. Specifically, a point pyramid transformer is investigated to model features with diverse resolutions or scales we defined, followed by a multi-level transformer module to aggregate contextual information from different levels of each scale and enhance their interactions. While a multi-scale transformer module is designed to capture the dependencies among representations across different scales. Extensive evaluation on public benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and the competitive performance of our methods on 3D shape classification, segmentation tasks.
Determinants of Demand for Health Care Services by Rural Households.
Authors: Ogundipe Michael , Adesola Adenekan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study looked into the factors that influence rural families in the Akinyele Local Government's need for health care services. Two hundred (200) questionnaires were employed to collect certain important and pertinent data. Regression analysis, percentages, and frequency distribution statistics are some of the techniques employed. This frequency and the percentage allow us to understand how the respondents feel about the queries posed and answers provided. The regression analysis was utilized to determine the variables' sign and size as well as their significance. The regression analysis shows that price of healthcare service, the cost of drug, educational qualification and the distance to health centres are statistically significant in determining the demand for health care services among the people in Akinyele local government area while income, age and gender are statistically insignificant. As price of healthcare services, cost of drugs and distance to health centres are significant at 5% level of significance, education qualification is significant at 10% level of significance.
Electrochemical Properties and PhotonicStudy of Redox-Active Thiophene-EDTT Units as New Electroactive Material
Authors: Bufarwa Saleh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Utilizing electrochemical and optical methods, a novel conjugated co-compound that contains the redox-active thiophene-EDTT units has been described. The electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of the molecule 5,7-bis(3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1, 4]dithiine are covered in this article. Ethylene3,4-dioxythiophene (EDTT), which is bound by bis-hexylthiophene units, appears as the central core. Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (Bu4NPF6) 0.1 M was used as the supporting electrolyte in cyclic voltammetry to study the material's redox properties, and electronic absorption Spectra in acetonitrile solution was used to study the material's optical properties. The monomer's electrochemical characteristics have resulted in a lower oxidation potential than its polymer. When compared to the polymer state, the optical band gap of the monomer has demonstrated a significant change.
Quantitative Analysis of Hypercarbia and Ventilator Settings During a Robot Assisted Laparoscopy
Authors: Lindner Christian , Lee Chihjen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Subcutaneous emphysema is a common surgical complication during laparoscopic surgeries, which can cause severe respiratory acidosis if unrecognized and untreated. In this paper, we will review respiratory physiology and propose a diagnostic criterion for subcutaneous emphysema. We present a case of progressive respiratory acidosis complicated by hyperkalemia and delayed emergence during robotic surgery secondary to subcutaneous emphysema in the setting of carbon dioxide insufflation. Normally respiratory acidosis due to carbon dioxide insufflation increases carbon dioxide production by about 30%, this can be countered intraoperatively with an increase in minute ventilation. In our case, despite increases in minute ventilation, the end-tidal carbon dioxide remained elevated. The respiratory acidosis caused mild hyperkalemia which was treated intraoperatively. Post-operative chest radiograph confirmed the etiology of subcutaneous emphysema. In this case, we show that the product of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and respiratory rate is proportional to the carbon dioxide production, and when the respiratory rate is more than twice that of the patients baseline to maintain a normal end-tidal carbon dioxide, then subcutaneous emphysema should be highly suspected.
Streamflow forecasting in a climate change perspective using E-FUSE
Authors: Vogeti Rishith Kumar , Boindala Sriman Pankaj , Kumar D. Nagesh , Raju K. Srinivasa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present work aims to identify the best hydrological model structure suitable for the Lower Godavari River Basin, India, that forecasts streamflows. An extended version of the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE), termed E-FUSE, is developed for this purpose. It consists of 1248 model structures. K means cluster analysis (KCA), and Davies Bouldin Cluster Validation Index (DBCVI) are used for identifying optimal clusters, whereas Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is employed for the best model structure. Correlation coefficient (r), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), and mean bias error (MBE) are employed as evaluation criteria. The best model structure obtained exhibits r, NRMSE and MBE of 0.734, 0.74 and -0.09 respectively during calibration and 0.69, 0.802 and -0.28 respectively during validation. The best model structure is then used to forecast discharges for a global climate model, EC-Earth3, and four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios. Analysis was made for three time horizons, namely, the near-future scenario (2021–2046), mid-future scenario (2047–2072), and far future scenario (2073–2099). It is observed that the July–September months contribute greatly to total runoff for four SSPs and three time horizons.
Modelling of enteric bacteria concentrations in a river in Akure Nigeria
Authors: Olalemi Adewale Oluwasogo , Ogundare Oluwatosin Temitope 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Models that can predict the level of faecal pollution in rivers are of great significance in low-and middle-income countries where residents rely on them for anthropogenic activities. Water samples from River Ala were collected from seven representative monitoring points and the load of enteric bacteria were determined. The physicochemical characteristics were determined, linear regression models and risk maps for the representative monitoring points on River Ala were developed. The concentration of Escherichia coli in the water samples from River Ala ranged from 4.87 to 5.41 log10 CFU 100 ml−1 and faecal coliforms 5.23 to 5.42 log10 CFU 100 ml−1. Temperature ranged from 26.75 to 27.50 °C and turbidity 25.10 to 36.86 NTU. E. coli had positive relationships with turbidity (r = 0.62) and rainfall (r = 0.73). Faecal coliforms had positive relationships with turbidity (r = 0.76) and rainfall (r = 0.72). Regression models produced for rainfall as a function of E. coli had R² value of 0.667; and rainfall as a function of faecal coliforms had R² value of 0.683. The developed models demonstrated high predictive values and application to other monitoring points on the course of River Ala and can be adopted in water safety plans and water management practices.
Fine soil particle aggregation in ultra-fine bubble irrigated paddy fields
Authors: Ueda Yoshikatsu , Izumi Yasuhiro , Hirooka Yoshihiro , Watanabe Yoshinori , Iijima Morio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The flotation method of ultra-fine bubbles (UFB) aims to address pollution and has been used for combating the undesirable water conditions of contaminated soils. Hence, water containing UFB is gaining increasing attention for potential agricultural applications. Although certain hypotheses have been proposed, such as the collection of ions in water through the electrical characteristic of UFB, no clear experimental data have been provided. We found that improvement in turbidity may cause the adsorption of fine soil particles in the water by the UFB, thereby improving the quality of the water. The data from the paddy field showed that a decrease in turbidity (below 2 nephelometric turbidity units) occurred over a short period of time (3 days). UFB concentration is directly related to turbidity with a coefficient of determination of 0.93. This phenomenon was also observed through the distribution of bubbles and soil particles, where the average particle size increased because of the aggregation of soil particles and the decrease in turbidity in the paddy field, indicating that UFB collect soil particles and thereby improve water quality. Therefore, UFB are highly effective in cleaning rice field water and will be a preferred method for purifying the environment in the future.
Fate of phthalates in a river receiving wastewater treatment plant effluent based on a multimedia model
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Guo Yaqi , Feng Lixia , Pang Weiliang , Yu Jingjie , Wang Shaopo , Qiu Chunsheng , Li Chaocan , Wang Yufei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) can enter environment media by secondary effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) into receiving rivers, thus posing a threat to ecosystem health. A level III fugacity model was established to simulate the fate and transfer of four PAEs in a study area in Tianjin, China, and to evaluate the influence of WWTP discharge on PAEs levels in the receiving river. The results show that the logarithmic residuals of most simulated and measured values of PAEs are within one order of magnitude with a good agreement. PAEs in the study area were mainly distributed in soil and sediment phases, which accounted for 84.66%, 50.26%, 71.96% and 99.09% for dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), respectively. The upstream advection accounted for 77.90%, 93.20%, 90.21% and 90.93% of the total source of DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP in the river water, respectively, while the contribution of secondary effluent discharge was much lower. Sensitivity analysis shows that emission and inflow parameters have greater influences on the multimedia distributions of PAEs than physicochemical and environmental parameters. Monte Carlo analysis quantifies the uncertainties and verifies the reliability of the simulation results.
Creating the Map of Interactive Services Aiding and Assisting Persons With Disabilities (MSAADA) Project: Tutorial for the Novel Use of a Store Locator App
Authors: Etling Mary Ann , Musili Michael , Eastes Kaytlin , Oyungu Eren , McHenry Megan S 
Published: October 2022

Background
An estimated 15% of the global population is living with a disability. In Kenya, children with disabilities remain among the most vulnerable populations, experiencing substantial barriers to wellness and inclusion. Smartphone ownership and internet access have been increasing across sub-Saharan Africa, including in Kenya. Despite these advances, online or mobile resources remain limited and difficult to find and navigate.

Objective
This paper aims to describe the novel use of a store locator app to develop an interactive map of organizations that provide medical, educational, and socioeconomic resources to individuals with disabilities in Kenya. The target audience is individuals with disabilities, medical professionals, and organization leaders.

Methods
A comprehensive list of organizations, government county offices, educational assessment and resource centers, and institutions was compiled. Organizations were contacted via email, WhatsApp, or in person for semistructured interviews. Based on the services offered, each organization was assigned categorical search tags. The data were entered into a third-party store locator app. The resulting map was inserted into a page on the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) website.

Results
The Map of Interactive Services Aiding and Assisting Persons With Disabilities (MSAADA; this abbreviation is also Swahili for “help”) was launched in July 2020 in both English and Swahili. The map included 89 organizations across Kenya. Of these, 51 were reached for an interview (for a 57% response rate). Interviewees cited limited paid staff and dependence on grant-based funding as primary challenges to growth and sustainability.

Conclusions
MSAADA is an interactive, virtual map that aims to connect individuals with disabilities, medical professionals, and organization leaders to resources in Kenya. The novel use of a store locator app to compile resources in remote settings has the potential to improve access to health care for a wide variety of specialties and patient populations. Innovators in global health should consider the use of store locator apps to connect individuals to resources in regions with limited mapping.
Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Training in Delaying Cognitive Function Decline in People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ran , Geng Jiawei , Yang Runze , Ge Yumeng , Hesketh Therese 
Published: October 2022

Background
With no current cure for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), delaying its progression could significantly reduce the disease burden and improve the quality of life for patients with MCI. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) has recently become a potential instrument for improvement of cognition. However, the evidence for its effectiveness remains limited.

Objective
This systematic review aims to (1) analyze the efficacy of CCT on cognitive impairment or cognitive decline in patients with MCI and (2) analyze the relationship between the characteristics of CCT interventions and cognition-related health outcomes.

Methods
A systematic search was performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Full texts of randomized controlled trials of CCT interventions in adults with MCI and published in English language journals between 2010 and 2021 were included. Overall global cognitive function and domain-specific cognition were pooled using a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the reasons for heterogeneity and to test the robustness of the results. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify the relationship between the characteristics of CCT interventions and cognition-related effectiveness.

Results
A total of 18 studies with 1059 participants were included in this review. According to the meta-analysis, CCT intervention provided a significant but small increase in global cognitive function compared to that in the global cognitive function of the control groups (standardized mean difference=0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.73; I2=38%). CCT intervention also resulted in a marginal improvement in domain-specific cognition compared to that in the control groups, with moderate heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses showed consistent improvement in global cognitive behavior in the CCT intervention groups.

Conclusions
This systematic review suggests that CCT interventions could improve global cognitive function in patients with MCI. Considering the relatively small sample size and the short treatment duration in all the included studies, more comprehensive trials are needed to quantify both the impact of CCT on cognitive decline, especially in the longer term, and to establish whether CCT should be recommended for use in clinical practice.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021278884; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=278884
Longitudinal Evaluation of Donor-Derived Cellfree DNA in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Dandamudi Raja , Gu Hongjie , Goss Charles W. , Walther Leslie , Dharnidharka Vikas R. 
Published: October 2022

Background and objectives
Donor-derived cellfree DNA (cfDNA) is a less-invasive marker of allograft injury compared with kidney biopsy. However, donor-derived cfDNA has not yet been extensively tested in children, where the test may have different characteristics.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We assayed donor-derived cfDNA (AlloSure; CareDx) from 290 stored plasma samples from a prospective biobank at our center, collected from 57 children monthly in the first year postkidney transplant between January 2013 and December 2019. We assessed the kinetic changes in donor-derived cfDNA levels within the first year post-transplant. We analyzed donor-derived cfDNA levels for associations with biopsy-proven acute rejection using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to longitudinal plasma and urine BK viral loads using linear mixed models. We analyzed the prognostic effect of an elevated donor-derived cfDNA level on the eGFR 30 days after the assay via Kolmogorov–Smirnov two-sample tests or on measured GFR or interstitial fibrosis at 12 months post-transplant.

Results
The donor-derived cfDNA levels in children remained persistently elevated for at least 4 months post-transplant, more so if there is greater disparity in size between the donor and the recipient, before reaching a steady low level. A donor-derived cfDNA level of >1% discriminated between biopsy-proven acute rejection with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.71 to 0.93). During BK viruria or viremia, patients had a significantly higher median donor-derived cfDNA than before or after and a significant rise within the same patient. A donor-derived cfDNA of >0.5% predicted a wider spread in the eGFR over the next 30 days but not the 12-month outcomes.

Conclusions
In children, donor-derived cfDNA is a valuable, less invasive biomarker for assessment of allograft rejection and injury.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_10_27_CJN03840322.mp3.
El desarrollo de los combustibles. Un contexto de aprendizaje para la enseñanza de la química
Authors: Cipamocha Sandra Milena 
Published: October 2022

El presente trabajo muestra una propuesta didáctica contextualizada sobre el desarrollo de los combustibles para la enseñanza de la química en estudiantes de bachillerato.
El objetivo de la propuesta es contextualizar los contenidos curriculares del tema de carbono e hidrocarburos, a partir de un contexto determinado como lo es el desarrollo de los combustibles, se plantean 3 tipos de sesiones:
- Iniciales o de motivación, en la que se argumenta una situación problema de la vida cotidiana.
- Conceptuales, usando la lectura y las TICS, se introducen conceptos en un contexto del desarrollo de los combustibles.
Sesiones finales, considerando la posibilidad de argumentación y apropiación de una alfabetización científica en temas ambientales y transdisciplinares. Esto se realizó usando la plataforma Teams en educación remota y clases presenciales en el retorno a la escuela.
Development of Student Learning Programs with a Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) Approach to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Setiawan Rudy , Wijaya Elita Mega Selvia 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to produce student worksheets with a Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) approach to solving valid, practical, and effective linear program problems. The development of this learning program is based on the Four-D Model adopted from Thiagarajan, Semmel, namely defining(define), design (design), and action (develop). The implementation of the criteria set by conducting validation and field trials. The learning tools developed are in the form of RPP and MFI. The subjects of the development trial were students of the mathematics education study program. Based on the results of data analysis, mathematics learning programs with a Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) approach can be applied and carried out correctly. This is shown from the results of the MFI trial with an average score of 83, which is included in the excellent category. In addition, the test questions test got an average score of 86.8, which also fell into the outstanding category. From this, it is known that the student learning program is ethical and practical for learning.