bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks and benefits of continuation and discontinuation of aspirin in elective craniotomies: a systematic review and pooled-analysis
Authors: Rychen Jonathan , Saemann Attill , Fingerlin Tamara , Guzman Raphael , Mariani Luigi , Greuter Ladina , Soleman Jehuda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background/aim
Discontinuation of aspirin (ASA) prior to elective craniotomies is common practice. However, patients treated with ASA for secondary prevention bear a higher risk for thromboembolic complications. Aim of this systematic review is to investigate the risks and benefits of perioperative continuation and discontinuation of ASA in elective craniotomies.

Methods
PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were retro- and prospective studies, reporting hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications in patients in whom ASA was either continued or discontinued perioperatively in elective craniotomies. We excluded shunt operations and emergency cases. The MINORS (Methodological index for non-randomized studies) score was used to quantify the methodological quality of the eligible studies.

Results
Out of 523 publications, 7 met the eligibility criteria (cumulative cohort of 646 patients). The mean MINORS score for the comparative studies was 18.7/24 (± SD 2.07, range: 17–22) and 9/16 for the unique non-comparative study, indicating an overall weak methodological quality of the included studies. 57.1% of the patients underwent craniotomy for intra- and extra-axial tumor removal, 39.0% for bypass surgery and 3.9% for neurovascular lesions (other than bypass). In 31.0% of the cases, ASA was prescribed for primary and in 69.0% for secondary prevention. ASA was continued perioperatively in 61.8% and discontinued in 38.2% of the cases. The hemorrhagic complication rate was 3% (95% CI [0.01–0.05]) in the ASA continuation group (Con-Group) and 3% (95% CI [0.01–0.09]) in the discontinuation group (Disc-Group) (p = 0.9). The rate of thromboembolic events in the Con-Group was 3% (95% CI [0.01–0.06]) in comparison to 6% (95% CI [0.02–0.14]) in the Disc-Group (p = 0.1).

Conclusion
Perioperative continuation of ASA in elective craniotomies does not seem to be associated with an increased hemorrhagic risk. The potential beneficial effect of ASA continuation on thromboembolic events needs to be further investigated in patients under ASA for secondary prevention.
Progressive in vivo development of resistance to cefiderocol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sadek Mustafa , Le Guern Rémi , Kipnis Eric , Gosset Philippe , Poirel Laurent , Dessein Rodrigue , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report in vivo development of cefiderocol (FDC) resistance among four sequential Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates ST244 recovered from a single patient, without exposure to FDC, which raises concern about the effectiveness of this novel drug. The first recovered P. aeruginosa isolate (P-01) was susceptible to FDC (2 μg/mL), albeit this MIC value was higher than that of a wild-type P. aeruginosa (0.12–0.25 μg/ml). The subsequent isolated strains (P-02, P-03, P-04) displayed increasing levels of FDC MICs (8, 16, and 64 μg/ml, respectively). Those isolates also showed variable and gradual increasing levels of resistance to most β-lactams tested in this study. Surprisingly, no acquired β-lactamase was identified in any of those isolates. Whole-genome sequence analysis suggested that this resistance was driven by multifactorial mechanisms including mutational changes in iron transporter proteins associated with FDC uptake, ampC gene overproduction, and mexAB-oprM overexpression. These findings highlight that a susceptibility testing to FDC must be performed prior to any prescription.
Forest expansion in abandoned agricultural lands has limited effect to offset carbon emissions from Central-North Spain
Authors: Velázquez Eduardo , Martínez-Jaraíz Carolina , Wheeler Charlotte , Mitchard Edward T. A. , Bravo Felipe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe assessed the process of carbon (C) accumulation as a consequence of forest expansion in abandoned agricultural lands over the period 1977–2017 in a vast (9.4 million ha) area of Mediterranean continental environment in Central-North Spain. We achieved this objective, through obtaining AGC and BGC estimations based on direct field measurements taken in 30 plots (25 m × 25 m), and extrapolating to the landscape using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite data from 2018. Using aerial photographs and forest maps, we found that 145,193 ha of agricultural land in 1957 (1.54% of the study regions’ total area) has since then regenerated naturally to forests and woodlands. Although mean AGC and BGC densities were modest (i.e. 18.04 and 6.78 Mg C ha−1), they reached relatively large maximum values (i.e. 60 and 21 Mg C ha−1). The BGC stock was also very large, representing 37.3% of the total C stock (10 Tg) accumulated. However, we detected a mean annual C sink of 0.25 Tg C·year−1 which barely offset 1.22% of the total regional CO2 emissions. Our findings point to a smaller sequestration potential under Mediterranean continental than under temperate-cold conditions. Nonetheless, the area affected by this process could be larger than detected and many of the recovering lands might have not still reached their C uptake peak. If such lands are to be used to store C, we strongly advocate for the application of active forest management measures to increase their CO2 sequestration potential.
Logical design of multi-model data warehouses
Authors: Bimonte Sandro , Gallinucci Enrico , Marcel Patrick , Rizzi Stefano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMulti-model DBMSs, which support different data models with a fully integrated backend, have been shown to be beneficial to data warehouses and OLAP systems. Indeed, they can store data according to the multidimensional model and, at the same time, let each of its elements be represented through the most appropriate model. An open challenge in this context is the lack of methods for logical design. Indeed, in a multi-model context, several alternatives emerge for the logical representation of dimensions and facts. The goal of this paper is to devise a set of guidelines for the logical design of multi-model data warehouses so that the designer can achieve the best trade-off between features such as querying, storage, and ETL. To this end, for each model considered (relational, document-based, and graph-based) and for each type of multidimensional element (e.g., non-strict hierarchy) we propose some solutions and carry out a set of intra-model and inter-model comparisons. The resulting guidelines are then tested on a case study that shows all types of multidimensional elements.
Personalisation of Plantarflexor Musculotendon Model Parameters in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Veerkamp Kirsten , van der Krogt Marjolein M. , Harlaar Jaap , O’Brien Thomas D. , Kalkman Barbara , Seth Ajay , Bar-On Lynn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeuromusculoskeletal models can be used to evaluate aberrant muscle function in cerebral palsy (CP), for example by estimating muscle and joint contact forces during gait. However, to be accurate, models should include representative musculotendon parameters. We aimed to estimate personalised parameters that capture the mechanical behaviour of the plantarflexors in children with CP and typically developing (TD) children. Ankle angle (using motion capture), torque (using a load-cell), and medial gastrocnemius fascicle lengths (using ultrasound) were measured during slow passive ankle dorsiflexion rotation for thirteen children with spastic CP and thirteen TD children. Per subject, the measured rotation was input to a scaled OpenSim model to simulate the torque and fascicle length output. Musculotendon model parameters were personalised by the best match between simulated and experimental torque–angle and fascicle length-angle curves according to a least-squares fit. Personalised tendon slack lengths were significantly longer and optimal fibre lengths significantly shorter in CP than model defaults and than in TD. Personalised tendon compliance was substantially higher in both groups compared to the model default. The presented method to personalise musculotendon parameters will likely yield more accurate simulations of subject-specific muscle mechanics, to help us understand the effects of altered musculotendon properties in CP.
Infectious Disease Spreading Fought by Multiple Vaccines Having a Prescribed Time Effect
Authors: Colombo Rinaldo M. , Garavello Mauro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose a framework for the description of the effects of vaccinations on the spreading of an epidemic disease. Different vaccines can be dosed, each providing different immunization times and immunization levels. Differences due to individuals’ ages are accounted for through the introduction of either a continuous age structure or a discrete set of age classes. Extensions to gender differences or to distinguish fragile individuals can also be considered. Within this setting, vaccination strategies can be simulated, tested and compared, as is explicitly described through numerical integrations.
Error analysis for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximating Kolmogorov PDEs
Authors: De Ryck Tim , Mishra Siddhartha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhysics-informed neural networks approximate solutions of PDEs by minimizing pointwise residuals. We derive rigorous bounds on the error, incurred by PINNs in approximating the solutions of a large class of linear parabolic PDEs, namely Kolmogorov equations that include the heat equation and Black-Scholes equation of option pricing, as examples. We construct neural networks, whose PINN residual (generalization error) can be made as small as desired. We also prove that the total L2-error can be bounded by the generalization error, which in turn is bounded in terms of the training error, provided that a sufficient number of randomly chosen training (collocation) points is used. Moreover, we prove that the size of the PINNs and the number of training samples only grow polynomially with the underlying dimension, enabling PINNs to overcome the curse of dimensionality in this context. These results enable us to provide a comprehensive error analysis for PINNs in approximating Kolmogorov PDEs.
Country rankings according to well-being evolution: composite indicators from a functional data analysis perspective
Authors: Fortuna Francesca , Naccarato Alessia , Terzi Silvia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper suggests the use of the functional data analysis approach to study the evolution of well being indicators, visualizing their behaviour over time. Thus, an evolutionary well-being indicator is proposed by complement the original data with information concerning the first derivative. The second task is to provide an overall ranking of the countries over time using two functional tools: the area under the curve and functional depth, which return two distinct rankings. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the area in distinguishing groups of countries with different levels of well-being. The proposed method is employed on a real dataset concerning the human development index of European countries.
Children’s Rights and Their Life Situation in Domestic Violence Shelters—An Integrative Review
Authors: Thunberg Sara , Vikander Martina , Arnell Linda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this systematic integrative review was to review existing research on children in domestic violence shelters, and specifically to examine previous research on how shelters contribute to children’s life situation after leaving a violent home. The review includes 28 scientific articles published between 1984 and 2021. These were thematically analyzed and discussed using a children’s rights perspective to identify strengths and limitations in existing research and social work practice. The analysis resulted in five themes: (1) safety and security, (2) health, behavior, and support, (3) schooling, (4) spare time and shelter environment, and (5) social relationships. Safety and security is a theme of great importance, and if this aspects is lacking, it can adversely affect other areas of the children’s lives. Overall, the children feel safe at the shelters, and they appreciate the playgrounds and activities offered by the shelter. They often make friends at the shelter. The children’s right to be protected from violence appears to be prioritized, but the studies show the importance of also acknowledging children’s rights to support, education, recreational time, and social relationships, to improve their life situation at the shelter.
The Quaternary lions of Ukraine and a trend of decreasing size in Panthera spelaea
Authors: Marciszak Adrian , Ivanoff Dmitry V. , Semenov Yuriy A. , Talamo Sahra , Ridush Bogdan , Stupak Alina , Yanish Yevheniia , Kovalchuk Oleksandr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fossil record of the cave lion,Panthera spelaea, suggests a gradual decrease in body size, the process peaking just before the extinction of the species at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Such an evolutionary trend appears rather unusual for a large felid species and requires further investigation. This study reviews the cave lions of Ukraine, whose fossils are known from 46 localities dated from 800 kyr to 18–17 kyr ago, with a special emphasis on size changes through time. We describe several important finds including those ofPanthera spelaea fossilisfrom Sambir,Panthera spelaeassp. from Bilykh Stin Cave andPanthera spelaea spelaeafrom Kryshtaleva Cave. We make subspecific identifications of specimens from the region and focus on their size characteristics. Our analysis of Ukrainian cave lions agrees with the temporal trend of decreasing size, particularly accelerating during MIS 2, as exemplified by the extremely small female skull from Kryshtaleva Cave. We provide a direct AMS date for this specimen (22.0–21.5 cal kyr BP), which suggests that the Kryshtaleva lioness must have belonged to aPanthera spelaea spelaeapopulation forced south by the spreading ice sheet. We discuss some palaeoecological aspects of the evolutionary history and eventual extinction of the cave lion. Finally, we review the subfossil records of the extant lionPanthera leoknown from several Ukrainian sites archaeologically dated to 6.4–2.0 kyr BP. These finds most probably represent the Persian lionPanthera leo persica.
Judith Butler, the Bakhtin Circle and Free Speech: State Hegemony, Race and Grievability in R.A.V. v. St Paul
Authors: Roberts John Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn June 21, 1990, the Joneses, an African-American family living in the mainly white and working-class neighbourhood of St. Paul in Minnesota, saw a small white cross burning in their yard. By placing the burning cross on the yard, the Minnesota Supreme Court argued that one of the accused, Robert A Viktora, had engaged in ‘fighting words’. However, the US Supreme Court reversed this decision, arguing that the local authority in St Paul only legally banned certain ‘fighting words’, but not others. Judith Butler explores this legal case, R.A.V. v. St. Paul. Judith Butler argues in her earlier work that the Supreme Court in effect represented the burning cross as being non-performative and simply a vehicle of expression rather than a historical symbol of hate speech towards African-Americans. In this paper, I look again at the R.A.V. case. But I do so by both drawing on what Butler explicitly says about the case in her early work and integrating this with her later work on the ethics of grief, state hegemony and public assemblies. Furthermore, I also incorporate some of the insights of the Bakhtin Circle into Butler’s work to strengthen her arguments. The paper then revisits R.A.V. v. St. Paul and shows how Reaganite state hegemony effectively transformed issues of racism surrounding this free speech case into ‘monologic’ and ‘ungrievable’ public matters of concern. The paper concludes by briefly discussing counter-hegemonic politics of free speech.
Multicarrier technique for 5G massive MIMO system based on CDMA and CMFB
Authors: Ghorab Laila El , Badran Ehab F. , Zaki Amira I. , Badawi Waleed K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFilterbank multicarrier (FBMC) is an effective method for modulation over massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels in the future fifth generation wireless networks. This multicarrier technique provides high spectral efficiency, and it is resilient against synchronization errors compared to the well-known orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique. This paper introduces a new technique, that combines the Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) and cosine modulated filter banks, a specific class of FBMC, to massive MIMO communication systems. In the proposed technique, the data symbols are transmitted on different sub-bands and also, they are spread in each sub-band by CDMA code. The proposed technique reduces the interference between data symbols, which consequently improves bit-error-rate (BER) performance. Simulation results show that the overall BER performance of the proposed multicarrier transmission technique is significantly enhanced. The results obtained show that as the number of base station antennas increases, different channel distortions are averaged out, thus BER decreases (in average by 10–2) for the same signal-to-noise ratio.
Weekly somapacitan had no adverse effects on glucose metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Takahashi Yutaka , Biller Beverly M. K. , Fukuoka Hidenori , Ho Ken K. Y. , Rasmussen Michael Højby , Nedjatian Navid , Sværke Claus , Yuen Kevin C. J. , Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The long-term effects of long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) analogues on glucose metabolism in adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) are not known. We investigated the impact of LAGH somapacitan, administered once-weekly, on glucose metabolism in patients with AGHD.

Methods
In post hoc-defined analyses, we compared the effects of somapacitan with daily growth hormone (GH) and placebo on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-β) in patients with AGHD across a unique data set from three phase 3 randomized controlled trials (REAL 1, REAL 2 and REAL Japan).

Results
No new cases of diabetes mellitus were reported with somapacitan. Among GH-naïve patients (n = 120 somapacitan, n = 119 daily GH), higher changes from baseline in FPG, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin levels were observed with daily GH versus somapacitan at 34 weeks, but not at 86 weeks. HbA1c and HOMA-β did not differ between groups at either timepoint. Among treatment-naïve patients, sex, age, fasting insulin, glucose tolerance status and body mass index did not influence changes in glucose metabolism. In previously treated patients (REAL 1 extension: n = 51 somapacitan, n = 52 daily GH; REAL 2: n = 61 and n = 31, respectively; REAL Japan: n = 46 and n = 16, respectively), the difference in changes from baseline were not statistically significant between somapacitan and daily GH for any glucose metabolism parameters.

Conclusions
Somapacitan, compared with daily GH, did not adversely affect glucose metabolism up to 86 weeks in a large cohort of treatment-naïve or previously treated patients with AGHD.
Trial registrations (date of registration): NCT02229851 (2 September 2014), NCT02382939 (3 March 2015), NCT03075644 (7 March 2017).
Toward Understanding Science as a Whole
Authors: Takriti Rachel , Tairab Hassan , Alhosani Najwa , Elhoweris Hala , Schofield Lindsay , Rabbani Lutfieh , AlAmirah Iman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNature of science (NOS) is a global conception of the infrastructure of science and, therefore, forms the foundation for teaching and learning science, especially for preservice teachers who are expected to have the proper understanding of NOS to thoughtfully emphasize NOS within their instruction to students. However, studies investigating UAE science preservice teachers’ views of NOS through the macro-lens of the Reconceptualized Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science (RFN) are limited. This study, therefore, aims to determine the current state of UAE preservice teachers’ (N = 130) understanding of the NOS and NOS instruction. Results obtained from the RFN 70-item questionnaire demonstrate that teachers were mostly informed about issues pertaining to the social-institutional aspects compared to aspects related to the cognitive-epistemic nature of science. Although teachers appeared to hold informed perceptions on certain aspects of NOS across the RFN scales and subscales, they had mixed views, as well as misconceptions on other particular aspects of NOS (i.e., the role of bias, gender, and politics on scientific knowledge, the existence of a universal scientific method, and the distinction between laws and theories). Practical and pedagogical implications for teaching and an agenda for further research are discussed.
Evaluation of maxillary sinus dimensions and volume using cone beam computed tomography in patients with unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines
Authors: Alhaija Elham S. Abu , AlWahadni Ahed M. , Al-Tawachi Akram , Daher Saba O. , Daher Hasan O. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate and compare the maxillary sinus (MS) dimensions and volume in unilaterally displaced palatal and buccal maxillary canines.

Methods
CBCT images for 133 patients were included in the study. Maxillary canines were unilaterally displaced palatally in 83 patients (PDCs) and buccally in 50 patients(BDCs). The following variables were measured: canine position in relation to MS walls, MS pneumatization and MS dimensions and volume.

Results
MS was extended to the incisor region in 10% and 13% and to the canine region in 48% and 23% in BDCs and PDCs subjects, respectively. In BDC subjects, maxillary canine crown tip was more laterally (24.23 mm compared to 22.93 mm (p < 0.05)) and closer vertically (5.82 mm compared to 9.58 mm (p < 0.001)) to the MS, maxillary canine root tip was closer to the MS anterior (0 mm compared to 1.64 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (19.70 mm compared to 22.02 mm (p < 0.001)) walls and the MS volume (11.57mm3 compared to 9.09 mm3 (p < 0.001)) was increased in the displaced side compared to the non-displaced side. In PDC subjects, a significant difference between the displaced and non-displaced sides was detected in the vertical (3.28 mm compared to 5.89 mm (p < 0.001)) and lateral (21.63 mm compared to 24.25 mm (p < 0.001)) position of maxillary canine to the MS wall, the anterior (− 0.84 mm compared to 1.13 mm (p < 0.05)) and lateral (20.48 mm compared to 22.44 mm (p < 0.001)) position of canine root tip to the MS and the MS volume (7.71mm3 compared to 9.14mm3 (p < 0.001)). PDC sides differed from BDC sides in the lateral and vertical position of canine crown tip to MS and in MS volume. PDC showed negative association with MS volume and anteroposterior skeletal relationship and a positive association with MS height.

Conclusions
PDCs subjects have a reduced MS volume and BDCs subjects have an increased MS volume. PDCs are associated with reduced MS volume, increased MS height and Class III skeletal relationship.