bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study of the absorbable braided polydioxanone threads’ usefulness in the aged lower eyelids' rejuvenation
Authors: Khan Galina , Kim Beom Jun , Kim Dong Gyu , Park EunSoo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTear trough deformity, hyperpigmentation, and skin laxity of the lower eyelid make individuals appear fatigued and elderly. Many patients prefer less invasive, cosmetic correction of the aged lower eyelid. Polydioxanone (PDO)‐barbed threads introduced braided fine threads design, which works as a template for attraction of the regenerative factors and for cells' migration and proliferation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the outcomes of simultaneous additional application of braided type PDO threads (N‐scaffold) for aged lower eyelids' rejuvenation in patients, who underwent the midface PDO thread lifting.Materials and MethodsA total of 30 patients with mildly loose skin in the facial area, who underwent the thread lifting using PDO threads, were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups, 15 patients per group. The first group underwent the midface thread lifting using PDO threads (“non‐SCA” group). The second group underwent midface thread lifting in combination with braided PDO threads for tear trough deformity improvement (“N‐scaffold” group). The results were evaluated subjectively, based on the patients' satisfaction rates, and objectively, by evaluating photographs.ResultsAccording to Barton's grading system, 7 months after the treatment, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups: 1.733 ± 0.74 in the non‐SCA group and 0.733 ± 0.83 in the N‐scaffold group (p < 0.05). Based on patients' self‐assessment, there was a significant difference at 7 months after the treatment: 2.86 ± 0.84 in “non‐SCA” group and 3.76 ± 0.90 in “N‐scaffold” group, p < 0.05. Complications such as persistent swelling, hematoma, skin irregularity, and infection were not observed during follow‐up assessments.ConclusionThe application of braided type PDO threads (N‐scaffold) as part of the midface thread lifting, for aged lower eyelids rejuvenation appears to be effective and safe within a period. This study suggests that PDO threads insertion may be a useful, additional, and non‐invasive tool for the aged lower eyelids rejuvenation.
Cutaneous manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ghafoor Rabia , Ali Syeda Mahanum , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has been linked to a variety of dermatological conditions.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of various cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID‐19, also to define their features in relation to the systemic symptoms.MethodsThis research enrolled a total of 1206 lab‐confirmed COVID‐19 individuals at a tertiary‐care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Expert dermatologists assessed patients for COVID‐related skin conditions. COVID‐19 severity was categorized as asymptomatic/mild, moderate, or severe.ResultsOf the 102 (85.7%) patients with only one cutaneous sign, 26.5% developed maculopapular/morbiliform/erythematous rash; 14.7% urticaria; 9.85% vesicular/pustular exanthem; 14.7% vascular pattern; 12.7% infections, 7.8% miscellaneous and 9.8% late cutaneous findings A longer‐lasting vascular pattern was related with an older age and a fatal COVID‐19 outcomes (P: 0.000) compared with mild/moderate disease. Most of the retiform purpura presented exclusively with thromboembolic episodes. The moderate severity was correlated with maculopapular/morbiliform/exanthematous phenotype (P: 0.009), whereas urticaria was attributed to asymptomatic/mild disease (0.001) compared with moderate/severe infection.LimitationsSingle‐Center and observational study.ConclusionVascular lesions were correlated with disastrous COVID‐19 outcomes, whereas retiform purpura was linked to adverse outcomes. The maculopapular/morbiliform/erythematous rash was associated with moderate severity, while the urticarial rash was linked to milder course compared with moderate/severe severity infection.
Closed for mafia: Evidence from the removal of mafia firms on commercial property values
Authors: Calamunci Francesca M. , Ferrante Livio , Scebba Rossana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing a sample of almost 7000 Italian municipalities from 2002 to 2019, we investigate how the removal of mafia‐infiltrated firms affects commercial sale and rental prices. We conjecture that targeting mafia businesses leads to a reduction in local disamenities and an increase in the demand for commercial properties. Applying the latest methodologies based on difference‐in‐differences approaches, we show that antimafia policies aimed at confiscating and reassigning mafia firms have positive spillover effects on commercial real estate prices, driving values upward by about 4%. This is especially true for small–medium municipalities in mafia‐ridden provinces. The evidence we provide supports the enforcement of antimafia policies with an economic content, as they pose a threat to criminal financial interests and curb the mafia influence in the market.
Clarifying rural‐urban disparities in alcohol‐related emergency department visits and hospitalizations in Ontario, Canada: A spatial analysis
Authors: Friesen Erik Loewen , Yu Winnie , Buajitti Emmalin , Selby Peter , Rosella Laura , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeRates of alcohol‐related harm are higher in rural versus urban Canada. This study characterized the spatial distribution and regional determinants of alcohol‐related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in Ontario to better understand this rural‐urban disparity.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional spatial analysis of rates of alcohol‐related ED visits and hospitalizations by Ministry of Health subregion (n = 76) in Ontario, Canada between 2016 and 2019. Regional hot‐ and cold‐spots of alcohol‐related harm were identified using spatial autocorrelation methods. Rurality was measured as the population weighted geographic remoteness of a subregion. The associations between rurality and rates of alcohol‐related ED visits and hospitalizations were evaluated using hierarchical Bayesian spatial regression models.FindingsRates of alcohol‐related ED visits and hospitalizations varied substantially between subregions, with high rates clustering in Northern Ontario. Overall, increasing rurality was associated with higher subregion‐level rates of alcohol‐related ED visits (males adjusted relative rate [aRR]: 1.67, 95% credible interval [CI]: 1.49‐1.87; females aRR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.60‐1.98) and hospitalizations (males aRR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24‐1.45; females aRR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.45‐1.74). However, after the province was separated into Northern and Southern strata, this association only held in Northern subregions. In contrast, increasing rurality was associated with lower rates of alcohol‐related ED visits in Southern subregions (males aRR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79‐0.96; females aRR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81‐0.97).ConclusionsThere are regional differences in the association between rurality and alcohol‐related health service use. This regional variation should be considered when developing health policies to minimize geographic disparities in alcohol‐related harm.
Evaluation of proton pump inhibitor administration in hospitalized dogs in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Duxbury Samantha , Sorah Emily , Tolbert M. Katherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly administered to hospitalized dogs, prescribing patterns and appropriateness of use require continued investigation.Hypothesis/ObjectiveDescribe prescription patterns and appropriateness of use associated with PPIs in hospitalized dogs at a single tertiary care facility. We hypothesized that the majority of prescriptions would not comply with current guidelines for the rational use of acid suppressants.AnimalsTwo hundred randomly selected hospitalized dogs.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of the medical records associated with a randomly selected sample of hospitalized dogs that received PPIs between January 2013 and December 2018.ResultsA total of 12 610 dogs were admitted for first‐time hospitalization between January 2013 and December 2018. Forty percent of these dogs (5062/12610) were prescribed a PPI PO or IV. Of the 200 randomly selected records, an adequate indication for use was identified in 27% of dogs (54/200). Of the dogs surviving to discharge, 54% (95/175) were discharged with a PPI and 51.6% (49/95) of those were prescribed an inadequate dose.Conclusions and ImportanceOur findings support other studies in which the majority of PPI prescriptions for hospitalized dogs at a tertiary care hospital lacked an appropriate indication. Furthermore, analysis of the prescribing patterns of dispensed PPIs identified a frequent occurrence of dosages considered inadequate, raising concern for ineffective treatment even with appropriate indications of use. With growing concern of adverse effects associated with PPI and other acid suppressant administration in human and veterinary medicine, rational use of these medications following consensus guidelines should be emphasized and treatment should be reserved for dogs with historical, physical examination, clinicopathologic, and imaging findings supportive of an appropriate indication for use.
While stability lasts: A stochastic model of noncustodial stablecoins
Authors: Klages‐Mundt Ariah , Minca Andreea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe “Black Thursday” crisis in cryptocurrency markets demonstrated deleveraging risks in over‐collateralized noncustodial stablecoins. We develop a stochastic model that helps explain deleveraging crises in these over‐collateralized systems. In our model, the stablecoin supply is decided by speculators who optimize the profitability of a leveraged position while incorporating the forward‐looking cost of collateral liquidations, which involves the endogenous price of the stablecoin. We formally characterize regimes that are interpreted as stable and unstable for the stablecoin. We prove bounds on quadratic variation (QV) and the probability of large deviations in the stable domain and we demonstrate distinctly greater price variance in the unstable domain. We identify a deflationary deleveraging spiral by means of a submartingale. These deleveraging spirals, which resemble short squeezes, lead to faster collateral drawdown (and potential shortfalls) and are accompanied by higher price variance, as experienced on Black Thursday. We conclude by discussing noncustodial ways in which the issues raised in this paper can be mitigated.
Reduced proinflammatory activity of outer membrane vesicles of Tannerella forsythia treated with quorum sensing inhibitors
Authors: An Sun‐Jin , Ha Kyung‐Won , Jun Hye‐Kyoung , Kim Hyun Young , Choi Bong‐Kyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOuter membrane vesicles (OMVs) of bacteria harbor physiologically active molecules, and quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are expected to regulate bacterial virulence. In this study, we analyzed the proinflammatory activity of OMVs of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia treated with d‐arabinose and d‐galactose as QSIs, which inhibit the biofilm formation of periodontal pathogens and autoinducer 2 activity. Compared to OMVs of nontreated T. forsythia (TF OMVs), OMVs released from QSI‐treated T. forsythia, designated TF ara‐OMVs and TF gal‐OMVs, showed reduced production of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 in THP‐1 monocytes through decreased activation of NF‐κB/MAPKs. Using a human NF‐κB reporter cell line and bone marrow‐derived macrophages from TLR2−/− mice, TF ara‐OMVs and TF gal‐OMVs showed less activation of TLR2 than TF OMVs. These results demonstrated that QSIs provide a dual advantage against bacterial infection by inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and generating OMVs with reduced proinflammatory activity.
My Kidney Identity: Contextualizing pediatric patients and their families kidney transplant journeys
Authors: Dunbar Julia C. , Bascom Emily , Pratt Wanda , Snyder Jaime , Smith Jodi M. , Pollack Ari H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEven though having a kidney transplant is the treatment of choice for children with kidney failure, it can cause anxiety for patients and their families resulting in decreased psychosocial functioning, adherence, and self‐management. We set out to identify the information needs required to help pediatric patients and their families contextualize their posttransplant experiences as they recalibrate their understanding of normalcy throughout their transplant journey.MethodsParticipants submitted photographs related to feeling: (1) worried, (2) confident, (3) similar to peers without kidney disease, and (4) different from these peers. The photographs served as a foundation for an in‐depth interview.ResultsNineteen individuals (10 pediatric transplant recipients and 9 caregivers) were interviewed at a mean of 8 years posttransplant. We identified five specific themes and tensions our participants associated with recalibrating their version of “normal” throughout the transplant journey: (1) exchanging information (information consumers vs. information contributors, (2) transitional management (family management vs. self‐management), (3) building confidence (worry vs. confidence), (4) telling one's story (hiding vs. self‐expression), and (5) normalizing kidney transplantation (feeling different vs. feeling similar). These five themes/tensions form one's Kidney Identity, shift from negative to positive throughout the transplant journey, illustrating a more abstract and complex account of kidney transplantation over time.ConclusionsHaving a patient view their Kidney Identity over time may support self‐reflection of one's progress posttransplant and potentially help clinicians, patients, and their caregivers identify barriers and areas where they may need more support to ensure their successful engagement in their care.
Risk of Falls in adults 45–64 years old in the United States
Authors: Amiri Azita , Dong Xiaoxia , Frith Karen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFalls among the older adults (64+ years old [YO]) are considered public health issues. However, fall prevention in middle adulthood (age 45–64) has received less attention. We studied the associations between the number of falls and fall‐related injuries and indicators for socio‐demographics, chronic diseases, and difficulties in conducting activities in two age groups, 45–64 YO and 64+. In this secondary data analysis, we used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2018 data. The study showed respondents in the 45–64 YO have higher average falls and fall‐related injuries than those 64+ (P < .001). Variables that link to more falls and fall‐related injuries in 64+ correspond to more falls and fall‐related injuries in 45–64 YO. The finding indicates that the odds of falls and fall‐related injuries are comparable across age groups when considering demographic characteristics. However, odds of falling in the presence of arthritis and asthma are higher for respondents in 45–64 YO than the 64+ YO. The risk of falls and fall‐related injuries are not specific to older adults. Factors that matter to the number of falls and fall‐related injuries in the older adults also count in the younger age group. Nurses are asked to validate available fall assessment tools for adults 45–64 years old and evaluate all clients over 45 for fall risk.
Reducing health disparities: Adherence to referrals for further diagnosis among asylum seeking children
Authors: Amit Aharon Anat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveAsylum‐seeking children are most vulnerable to health problems and non‐utilization of health amenities. The aim of the study was to compare adherence with referrals for further diagnostic tests among asylum‐seeking children and native Israeli children.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SampleThe study was conducted among 3508 children born in 2016–2017, with two randomized sample groups: Israeli children (n = 243) and asylum‐seeking children (n = 271). Data were retrieved from the children's medical files.MeasurementsReferrals for further diagnostic tests were defined as written referrals by a public health nurse or pediatrician. Data collected included the child's and mother's details, as well as data on referrals. A multiple logistic regression test was performed to detect risk variables for non‐adherence to referrals.ResultsNo differences were found between the groups regarding adherence to referrals for further diagnosis. Having medical insurance did not explain adherence to referrals. Asylum‐seeking children have more need for further follow‐up than do Israeli children.ConclusionAsylum‐seeking children and Israeli children respond similarly to the preventive health services offered with equal accessibility. Public health nurses have an essential role in encouraging adherence to screening tests and to referrals for further diagnostic tests and in mitigating health disparities among asylum‐seeking children.
Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation
Authors: Chen Ivory Y. , Karabay Aytaç , Mathȏt Sebastiaan , Bowman Howard , Akyürek Elkan G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe concealed information test (CIT) relies on bodily reactions to stimuli that are hidden in mind. However, people can use countermeasures, such as purposely focusing on irrelevant things, to confound the CIT. A new method designed to prevent countermeasures uses rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) to present stimuli on the fringe of awareness. Previous studies that used RSVP in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) showed that participants exhibit a clear reaction to their real first name, even when they try to prevent such a reaction (i.e., when their name is concealed information). Because EEG is not easily applicable outside the laboratory, we investigated here whether pupil size, which is easier to measure, can also be used to detect concealed identity information. In our first study, participants adopted a fake name, and searched for this name in an RSVP task, while their pupil sizes were recorded. Apart from this fake name, their real name and a control name also appeared in the task. We found pupil dilation in response to the task‐irrelevant real name, as compared to control names. However, while most participants showed this effect qualitatively, it was not statistically significant for most participants individually. In a second study, we preregistered the proof‐of‐concept methodology and replicated the original findings. Taken together, our results show that the current RSVP task with pupillometry can detect concealed identity information at a group level. Further development of the method is needed to create a valid and reliable concealed identity information detector at the individual level.
Parental aspirations and child private‐school enrollment: Evidence from India
Authors: Georgiadis Andreas , Benny Liza , Galab Sheikh , Reddy Prudhvikar , Behrman Jere 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe estimate the relationship between parental aspirations and child private‐school enrollment using longitudinal data on children from India aged 8–22 years and instrumental variables that address a number of possible biases in the estimation for a causal interpretation. We find that children whose parents aspire for them to complete university are 21% more likely to attend a private school at age 12 and that this persists through to age 15. Our results also suggest that children living in wealthier households and in communities with higher wages are more likely to be enrolled in private schools at both age 12 and 15 years. We further find that children whose parents aspire for them to complete university are more likely to have done so by age 22 years. Overall, our findings highlight the scope for improving access to private schools among the poor through relaxing associated external and internal constraints.
Local treatment for canine anal sacculitis: A retrospective study of 33 dogs
Authors: Lundberg Annette , Koch Sandra N. , Torres Sheila M.F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle information has been published regarding treatment of canine anal sacculitis (AS).ObjectivesPrimary objective: determine the outcomes of AS local treatment at the referral dermatology service of the authors' institution. Secondary objective: determine signalment, body condition score (BCS), stool quality and comorbidities associated with AS.AnimalsThirty‐three dogs with AS presented to the referral dermatology service between 1 January 2010 and 31 March 2021.Materials and methodsAn electronic medical record search was conducted. Information regarding sex, breed, age at disease onset, weight, BCS, stool quality, comorbidities, treatment and treatment outcome were collected. Treatment outcome was categorised as “resolved clinically”, “clinical signs resolved per owner”, “did not complete treatment” or “failed”. Dogs were excluded if seen by another service, not treated for AS, or if perianal sinuses (fistulae), anal sac masses, or anal sac abscesses were identified.ResultsNineteen dogs were male and 14 female. Twenty‐four breeds were included. Average age at disease onset was 4.4 years. Average BCS was 5.8 of 9. Stool quality was “poor” in seven of 33 and normal in 23 of 33 cases. Atopic dermatitis was the most common comorbidity (12 of 33). Treatment typically consisted of anal sac flushing with saline followed by infusion using a commercially available steroid/antibiotic/antifungal ointment. Treatment was repeated on average 2.9 times. Resolution of AS was obtained in 24 of 33 cases, clinical signs resolved per owner in four of 33, five of 33 cases did not complete treatment, and no cases failed treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevanceLocal treatment with flushing and infusion is effective for treating AS in dogs.
Tagging Singapore English
Authors: Lin Li , Han Kunmei , Hing Jia Wen , Cao Luwen , Ooi Vincent , Huang Nick , Bao Zhiming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is well‐known that Outer Circle English has undergone extensive contact‐induced lexical and grammatical restructuring. Is it possible to use common NLP tools developed for Inner Circle English to process Outer Circle English texts? Here, we report our experience of using the Stanford PoS tagger to tag the Singaporean component of the International Corpus of English (ICE‐SIN). We isolate two major contact‐related causes of tagging errors: (1) lexical and grammatical loans directly borrowed from the local languages; and (2) English‐origin words with new grammatical meanings acquired from the local languages. While the first type may be easy to overcome, the latter type is intractable, creating an extra layer of morphosyntactic complexity. We achieved comparable accuracy rates in the more formal registers, and a lower but still decent 88% in the informal register of private conversations. A tagged ICE‐SIN allows us to investigate lexical and grammatical restructuring at unprecedented levels of detail.