bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doctors as Resource Stewards? Translating High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care to the Consulting Room
Authors: Moleman Marjolein , Zuiderent-Jerak Teun , Lageweg Marianne , van den Braak Gianni L. , Schuitmaker-Warnaar Tjerk Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAfter many policy attempts to tackle the persistent rise in the costs of health care, physicians are increasingly seen as potentially effective resource stewards. Frameworks including the quadruple aim, value-based health care and choosing wisely underline the importance of positive engagement of the health care workforce in reinventing the system–paving the way to real affordability by defining the right care. Current programmes focus on educating future doctors to provide ‘high-value, cost-conscious care’ (HVCCC), which proponents believe is the future of sustainable medical practice. Such programmes, which aim to extend population-level allocation concerns to interactions between an individual doctor and patient, have generated lively debates about the ethics of expanding doctors’ professional accountability. To empirically ground this discussion, we conducted a qualitative interview study to examine what happens when resource stewardship responsibilities are extended to the consulting room. Attempts to deliver HVCCC were found to involve inevitable trade-offs between benefits to the individual patient and (social) costs, medical uncertainty and efficiency, and between resource stewardship and trust. Physicians reconcile this by justifying good-value care in terms of what is in the best interest of individual patients–redefining the currency of value from monetary costs to a patient’s quality of life, and cost-conscious care as reflective medical practice. Micro-level resource stewardship thus becomes a matter of working reflexively and reducing wasteful forms of care, rather than of making difficult choices about resource allocation.
Ulva spp. performance and biomitigation potential under high nutrient concentrations: implications for recirculating IMTA systems
Authors: Nederlof Marit A. J. , Neori Amir , Verdegem Marc C. J. , Smaal Aad C. , Jansen Henrice M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe growth, tissue content and nutrient removal rates of Ulva spp., when exposed to moderate to high nitrogen (0.5–5 mmol L−1) and phosphorus (0.01–0.9 mmol L−1) concentrations, were examined to get a better understanding of recirculating IMTA (Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture) systems with fish and seaweed. It was hypothesized that fish waste effluents might lead to unfavorable nutrient stoichiometry and/or toxic conditions, which might harm seaweeds and, specifically for the present study, reduce Ulva spp. performance. Results demonstrate that: (I) the unfavorable N:P stoichiometry (N:P ≠ Atkinson atomic ratio of 30:1) did not restrict Ulva spp. growth nor tissue content; this indicates that supply of both nutrients exceeded the minimum requirements; (II) a high orthophosphate concentration (0.9 mmol L−1) was toxic to Ulva spp., whereas (III) a high nitrate concentration (5 mmol L−1) did not inhibit phosphorus uptake; (IV) Ulva’s growth was not enhanced when nitrate was exchanged for similarly high ammonium concentrations. However, tissue nitrogen content was 1.4 times higher when exposed to ammonium than nitrate, suggesting that the former N-form was stored faster in the seaweed’s tissue. Therefore, other factors must have limited growth with the high ammonium concentrations. This study also highlights the importance of relatively long acclimatization periods (one week) when maintenance uptake (Vm) is evaluated, as surge uptake (Vs) may result in considerably different and more variable rates. Results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the application of Ulva spp. as extractive component in closed IMTA systems, thus advancing sustainable and circular production techniques.
The relationship between structural characteristics and gambling behaviour: An online gambling player tracking study
Authors: Auer Michael , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStructural characteristics of games have been regarded as important aspects in the possible development of problematic gambling. The most important factors along with individual susceptibility and risk factors of the individual gambler are the structural characteristics such as the speed and frequency of the game (and more specifically event frequency, bet frequency, event duration, and payout interval). To date, the association between structural characteristics and behavior has not been studied in an online gambling environment. The present study investigated the association between structural characteristics and online gambling behavior in an ecologically valid setting using data from actual gamblers. The authors were given access to data from a large European online gambling operator with players from Germany, Austria, UK, Poland, and Slovenia. The sample comprised 763,490 sessions between November 27, 2020 and April 15, 2021 utilizing data from 43,731 players. A machine learning tree-based algorithm with structural characteristics and session metrics explained 26% of the variance of the number of games played in a session. The results also showed that only 7.7% of the variance in the number of bets placed in a session was explained by the game’s structural characteristics alone. The most important structural characteristic with respect to the number of games played in a session was the event frequency of the game followed by the maximum amount won on a single bet in a session.
The Maximum Clique Problem for Permutation Hamming Graphs
Authors: Barta János , Montemanni Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper explores a new approach to reduce the maximum clique problem associated with permutation Hamming graphs to smaller clique problems. The vertices of a permutation Hamming graph are permutations of n integers and the edges connect pairs of vertices at a Hamming distance greater than or equal to a threshold d. The maximum clique problem for permutation Hamming graphs is a challenging task due to the size, density and regularity of the graphs. However, symmetry properties, which are still partly unexplored, can help to reduce the problems’ size and hardness. A property of edge transitivity with respect to automorphisms is proven and leads to a classification for cycle-equivalent edges. This property enables to reduce the full-size clique problem to a set of significantly smaller (and easier to solve) clique problems. The number of reduced problems can be expressed by means of the partition function of integer numbers. Computational experiments confirm that additional knowledge on the automorphism group leads to a more targeted and efficient solving method for the maximum clique problem associated with permutation Hamming graphs.
Bacterial communities in peat swamps reflect changes associated with catchment urbanisation
Authors: Christiansen Nicole A. , Green Timothy J. , Fryirs Kirstie A. , Hose Grant C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLike many peat wetlands around the world, Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone (THPSS), located in the Sydney Basin, Australia, have been impacted by urban development. In this paper, we used Illumina 16S rRNA DNA amplicon sequencing to characterise and compare the bacterial communities of surface (top 0–2 cm) and deep (50 cm) sediments in peat swamps that occur in both urbanised and non-urbanised catchments. Proteobacteria (32.2% of reads), Acidobacteria (23.6%) and Chloroflexi (10.7%) were the most common phyla of the dataset. There were significant differences in the bacterial community structure between catchment types and depths apparent at the phyla level. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia made up a greater proportion of the reads in the surface sediments than the deeper sediments, while Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae were relatively more common in the deeper than the surface sediment. By catchment type, Acidobacteria were more common in swamps occurring in non-urbanised catchments, while Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were more common in those in urbanised catchments. Microbial community structure was significantly correlated with sediment pH, as was the relative abundance of several phyla, including Acidobacteria (negative correlation) and Bacteroidetes (positive correlation).As an indicator of trophic shift from oligotrophic to copiotrophic conditions associated with urbanised catchment, we found significant differences ratios of β-Proteobacteria to Acidobacteria and Bacteriodetes to Acidobacteria between the catchment types. Based on SIMPER results we suggest the relative abundance of Nitrosomonadaceae family as a potential indicator of urban degradation. As the first study to analyse the bacterial community structure of THPSS using sequencing of 16S rDNA, we reveal the utility of such analyses and show that urbanisation in the Blue Mountains is impacting the microbial ecology of these important peatland ecosystems.
Analysis of the relationship between condylar changes and anterior disc displacement with reduction: a preliminary study
Authors: Mohamed Hadeer Nasser , Ashmawy Mostafa S. , Ekladious Mena El-Erian Youssef , Farid Mary Medhat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To predict temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) from condylar shape, position, and dimensions obtained from CBCT images.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed on 17 patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders diagnosed by history taking according to the chart of the American Association of orthodontists, clinical examination according to the Helkimo index and MRI. CBCT and MRI examinations were performed within one-week interval. Disc position, diagnosed by MRI was used as the gold standard. TMJs with posterior disc displacement or anterior disc displacement without reduction were excluded. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on CBCT images to find the correlation between condylar variables and ADDWR. A logistic regression model was created to estimate ADDWR from condylar dimensions (height, width and depth).

Results
Condylar shape and condylar position in the glenoid fossa were significantly correlated with ADDWR (P < 0.05). Condylar width, height and depth were significantly smaller in condyles with ADDWR compared to condylar dimensions in normal disc position. Logistic regression analysis could be used to predict the probability of anterior disc displacement with reduction from condylar dimensions.

Conclusion
Condylar shape, position, and dimensions assessed by CBCT are significantly correlated with ADDWR of the TMJ. Substituting the values of condylar width, height and depth in the equation suggests the probability of ADDWR.
Vitamin D supplementation is associated with slower epigenetic aging
Authors: Vetter Valentin Max , Sommerer Yasmine , Kalies Christian Humberto , Spira Dominik , Bertram Lars , Demuth Ilja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdverse effects of low vitamin D level on mortality and morbidity are controversially discussed. Especially older people are at risk for vitamin D deficiency and therefore exposed to its potentially harmful consequences. A way of measuring differences in the biological age is through DNA methylation age (DNAm age) and its deviation from chronological age, DNAm age acceleration (DNAmAA). We previously reported on an association between vitamin D deficiency and higher 7-CpG DNAmAA in participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). In this study, we employ a quasi-interventional study design to assess the relationship between DNAmAA of five epigenetic clocks and vitamin D supplementation. Longitudinal data were available for 1,036 participants of BASE-II that were reexamined on average 7.4 years later in the GendAge study (mean age at follow-up: 75.6 years, SD = 3.8 years, age range: 64.9–94.1 years, 51.9% female). DNAmAA was estimated with the 7-CpG clock, Horvath’s clock, Hannum’s clock, PhenoAge, and GrimAge. Methylation data were obtained through methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension (MS-SNuPE) or Illumina’s Infinium “MethylationEPIC” array. Vitamin D–deficient participants who chose to start vitamin D supplementation after baseline examination showed a 2.6-year lower 7-CpG DNAmAA (p = 0.011) and 1.3-year lower Horvath DNAmAA (p = 0.042) compared to untreated and vitamin D–deficient participants. DNAmAA did not statistically differ between participants with successfully treated vitamin D deficiency and healthy controls (p > 0.16). Therefore, we conclude that intake of vitamin D supplement is associated with lower DNAmAA in participants with vitamin D deficiency.
Testing and Isolation Efficacy: Insights from a Simple Epidemic Model
Authors: Gharouni Ali , Abdelmalek Fred M. , Earn David J. D. , Dushoff Jonathan , Bolker Benjamin M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTesting individuals for pathogens can affect the spread of epidemics. Understanding how individual-level processes of sampling and reporting test results can affect community- or population-level spread is a dynamical modeling question. The effect of testing processes on epidemic dynamics depends on factors underlying implementation, particularly testing intensity and on whom testing is focused. Here, we use a simple model to explore how the individual-level effects of testing might directly impact population-level spread. Our model development was motivated by the COVID-19 epidemic, but has generic epidemiological and testing structures. To the classic SIR framework we have added aper capitatesting intensity, and compartment-specific testing weights, which can be adjusted to reflect different testing emphases—surveillance, diagnosis, or control. We derive an analytic expression for the relative reduction in the basic reproductive number due to testing, test-reporting and related isolation behaviours. Intensive testing and fast test reporting are expected to be beneficial at the community level because they can provide a rapid assessment of the situation, identify hot spots, and may enable rapid contact-tracing. Direct effects of fast testing at the individual level are less clear, and may depend on how individuals’ behaviour is affected by testing information. Our simple model shows that under some circumstances both increased testing intensity and faster test reporting canreducethe effectiveness of control, and allows us to explore the conditions under which this occurs. Conversely, we find that focusing testing on infected individuals always acts to increase effectiveness of control.
Topology identification and dynamical pattern recognition for Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model via deterministic learning
Authors: Chen Danfeng , Li Junsheng , Zeng Wei , He Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies have shown that Parkinson’s, epilepsy and other brain deficits are closely related to the ability of neurons to synchronize with their neighbors. Therefore, the neurobiological mechanism and synchronization behavior of neurons has attracted much attention in recent years. In this contribution, it is numerically investigated the complex nonlinear behaviour of the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron system through the time responses, system bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponent under different system parameters. The system presents different and complex dynamic behaviors with the variation of parameter. Then, the identification of the nonlinear dynamics and topologies of the Hindmarsh–Rose neural networks under unknown dynamical environment is discussed. By using the deterministic learning algorithm, the unknown dynamics and topologies of the Hindmarsh–Rose system are locally accurately identified. Additionally, the identified system dynamics can be stored and represented in the form of constant neural networks due to the convergence of system parameters. Finally, based on the time-invariant representation of system dynamics, a fast dynamical pattern recognition method via system synchronization is constructed. The achievements of this work will provide more incentives and possibilities for biological experiments and medical treatment as well as other related clinical researches, such as the quantifying and explaining of neurobiological mechanism, early diagnosis, classification and control (treatment) of neurologic diseases, such as Parkinson’s and epilepsy. Simulations are included to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Wachstumsverläufe der intrinsischen Wertüberzeugungen in Mathematik und Französisch: Zusammenhänge mit Berufsorientierungen
Authors: Costache Oana , Edelsbrunner Peter A. , Becker Eva S. , Sticca Fabio , Staub Fritz C. , Götz Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Längsschnittstudie wurden unterschiedliche Verläufe in der Entwicklung der intrinsischen Wertüberzeugungen in den Unterrichtsfächern Mathematik und Französisch in den Schuljahren 9 bis 11 und deren Zusammenhänge mit Berufsaspirationen untersucht. Bei 850 Schüler*innen von Deutschschweizer Gymnasien (54 % weiblich, Alter T1: 15,6 Jahre) wurden in einem bivariaten Wachstumsmodell fünf Wachstumsklassen identifiziert. Zwei dieser Klassen zeigten eine klare Differenzierung in den Wertüberzeugungen zwischen den beiden Fächern und eine stabile Entwicklung im bevorzugten Fach. Die anderen drei Klassen waren durch Mittelwertunterschiede (hohe, mittlere, niedrige intrinsische Wertüberzeugungen) gekennzeichnet und zeigten moderate Abnahmen über die Zeit in beiden Fächern. Die fünf Wachstumsklassen gingen mit unterschiedlichen Berufsorientierungen am Ende des 11. Schuljahres einher, wobei Berufsorientierungen bezüglich eines Fachs besonders hoch ausgeprägt waren, wenn die Wertüberzeugung bezüglich des anderen Faches niedrig war. Geschlechterunterschiede in den Berufsorientierungen konnten vollständig über die Zugehörigkeit der Geschlechter zu den fünf Wachstumsklassen erklärt werden.
Liquid biopsy for the assessment of adrenal cancer heterogeneity: where do we stand?
Authors: Perge Pál , Nyirő Gábor , Vékony Bálint , Igaz Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlmost 10 years have passed since the first attempts of liquid biopsy aimed at the characterisation of tumor cells present in the bloodstream from a regular sample of peripheral blood were performed. Liquid biopsy has been used to characterise tumor heterogeneity in various types of solid tumors including adrenocortical carcinoma. The development of molecular biology, genetics, and methodological advances such as digital PCR and next-generation sequencing allowed us to use besides circulating tumor cells a variety of circulating cell-free nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs and microRNAs secreted by tumors into blood and other body fluids as specific molecular markers. These markers are used for diagnosis, to check tumor development, selecting efficient therapies, therapy monitoring and even possess prognostic power. In adrenocortical carcinoma, there are some studies reporting analysis of circulating tumor cells, circulating cell free DNA and microRNAs for assessing tumor heterogeneity. Among microRNAs, hsa-miR-483-5p seems to be the most important player. Combined with other microRNAs like hsa-miR-195, their expression correlates with recurrence-free survival. Most studies support the applicability of liquid biopsy for assessing temporal tumor heterogeneity (i.e. tumor progression) in adrenocortical cancer. In this mini-review, the available findings of liquid biopsy for assessing tumor heterogeneity in adrenocortical cancer are presented.
Substantiating microCT for diagnosing bioerosion in archaeological bone using a new Virtual Histological Index (VHI)
Authors: Mandl Kirsten , Carlson Kellie Sara Duffett , Brönnimann David , McCall Ashley , Grassberger Martin , Teschler-Nicola Maria , Weiss-Krejci Estella , Metscher Brian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent technological advances have broadened the application of palaeoradiology for non-destructive investigation of ancient remains. X-ray microtomography (microCT) in particular is increasingly used as an alternative to histological bone sections for interpreting pathological alterations, trauma, microstructure, and, more recently, bioerosion with direct or ancillary use of histological indices. However, no systematic attempt has been made to confirm the reliability of microCT for histotaphonomic analysis of archaeological bone. The objective of this study is therefore to compare thin sections of human femora rated with the Oxford Histological Index to microCT sections using the newly developed Virtual Histological Index in order to provide an accessible methodology for the evaluation of bioerosion in archaeological bone. We provide detailed descriptions of virtual sections and assess the efficacy of the method on cranial and postcranial elements, cremated long bones, and faunal samples. The traditional histological and virtual methods showed a strong correlation, providing the first systematic data substantiating lab-based microCT as a suitable alternative tool for reconstructing post-mortem history in the archaeological record, and for the reliable, non-destructive screening of samples for further analyses.
Effect of pitching motion on production in a OFWT
Authors: Cottura Lorenzo , Caradonna Riccardo , Novo Riccardo , Ghigo Alberto , Bracco Giovanni , Mattiazzo Giuliana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe performance of offshore floating wind turbines (OFWTs) is affected by the movement along the 6 Degrees of Freedom (DOFs), which is caused by the combined influence of wind and waves. Particularly, interesting is the pitching motion, which can lead to significant changes in aerodynamic and net generated power. This paper analyzes the influence of pitching motion on the net generated power, considering for the first time in literature the OFWT control systems (blade pitch and generator controller). An in-house model based on the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is used, in which sinusoidal pitch movements characterized by different values of amplitude, frequency and offset are imposed. In this way, it is possible to evaluate the influence of these three parameters on the extracted power at different values of wind speed. Results identify in the pitch amplitude and frequency the most significant variables for variations in OFWT power output, and that the influence of pitch oscillation on the average extracted power considerably varies at different wind conditions.