bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bounds for a nonlinear ergodic theorem for Banach spaces
Authors: FREUND ANTON , KOHLENBACH ULRICH 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe extract quantitative information (specifically, a rate of metastability in the sense of Terence Tao) from a proof due to Kazuo Kobayasi and Isao Miyadera, which shows strong convergence for Cesàro means of non-expansive maps on Banach spaces.
Independence and almost automorphy of higher order
Authors: QIU JIAHAO 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper it is shown that for a minimal system
$(X,T)$
and
$d,k\in \mathbb {N}$
, if
$(x,x_{i})$
is regionally proximal of order d for
$1\leq i\leq k$
, then
$(x,x_{1},\ldots ,x_{k})$
is
$(k+1)$
-regionally proximal of order d. Meanwhile, we introduce the notion of
$\mathrm {IN}^{[d]}$
-pair: for a dynamical system
$(X,T)$
and
$d\in \mathbb {N}$
, a pair
$(x_{0},x_{1})\in X\times X$
is called an
$\mathrm {IN}^{[d]}$
-pair if for any
$k\in \mathbb {N}$
and any neighborhoods
$U_{0} ,U_{1} $
of
$x_{0}$
and
$x_{1}$
respectively, there exist different
$(p_{1}^{(i)},\ldots ,p_{d}^{(i)})\in \mathbb {N}^{d} , 1\leq i\leq k$
, such that
$$ \begin{align*} \bigcup_{i=1}^{k}\{ p_{1}^{(i)}\epsilon(1)+\cdots+p_{d}^{(i)} \epsilon(d):\epsilon(j)\in \{0,1\},1\leq j\leq d\}\backslash \{0\}\in \mathrm{Ind}(U_{0},U_{1}), \end{align*} $$
where
$\mathrm {Ind}(U_{0},U_{1})$
denotes the collection of all independence sets for
$(U_{0},U_{1})$
. It turns out that for a minimal system, if it does not contain any non-trivial
$\mathrm {IN}^{[d]}$
-pair, then it is an almost one-to-one extension of its maximal factor of order d.
National characteristics associated with prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional ecological study
Authors: Jorm Anthony F. , Mulder Roger T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCross-national comparisons of the prevalence of mental disorders have relied on lay-administered interviews scored using complex diagnostic algorithms. However, this approach has led to some paradoxical findings, with more vulnerable countries showing lower prevalence, and its appropriateness for cross-national comparisons has been questioned. This study used an alternative method involving simple questions from social surveys to assess the prevalence of specific depression and anxiety symptoms, and investigated their association with national indicators of human development, quality of government, mental health resources, and mental health governance.MethodsThe study used data on the prevalence of three symptoms indicating depression or anxiety: sadness, worry, and unhappiness. These data were taken from the Gallup World Poll (142 countries) and the World Values Survey (77 countries). National characteristics examined covered indicators of human development (income, life span, education, gender equality), quality of government (human freedom, perceptions of corruption), mental health resources (per capita numbers of psychiatrists, mental health nurses, psychologists, and social workers), and mental health governance (whether there is a national mental health plan and a mental health law).ResultsAll the human development and quality of government indicators, and some of the mental health resource indicators, were strongly associated with a lower prevalence of symptoms.ConclusionPopulations of nations with higher human development, quality of government, and mental health resources have better mental health when measured by the prevalence of specific symptoms.
PROPERTY, PRIORITY AND APPORTIONMENT: THE CASE OF THE ACQUISITION CREDITOR
Authors: Nair Aruna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInAbbey National Building Society v Cann, the House of Lords held that a mortgagee who has funded the purchase of the mortgaged title to land (an “acquisition creditor”) has a right over the land that binds any other grantee of the purchaser. This article considers the basis for and limits of this principle, in light of its origins. It argues that the cases treat the lender's financial contribution as an independent source of an equitable interest in the purchased asset, rather than as a reason why the grant in favour of the lender takes effect earlier in time than the grant in favour of any third party. This has important and desirable consequences for the scope of the principle, rendering it more coherent with general principles of English property law and allowing for an apportionment solution in some situations involving co-contributors to acquisition.
Agonistic peace agreements? Analytical tools and dilemmas
Authors: Strömbom Lisa , Bramsen Isabel , Stein Anne Lene 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLater years have seen the growth of a vibrant theoretical discussion on agonistic peace and the importance of creating space for contestation, plurality, and dissensus post-accord. However, there has been very few attempts at embedding agonistic theory in empirical analyses of peace agreements. This study attends to that lacuna by investigating how agonistic principles can be integrated and investigated in peace agreements. We suggest a threefold set of indicators for assessing the degree to which peace agreements are invested with agonistic dynamics: (1) what types of spaces for interaction are offered post-accord; (2) what forms of inclusion are stipulated; and (3) how is the peace agreement framed in terms of conflict termination and consensus/dissensus? We illustrate how the various indicators could be put into motion in concrete analyses applying them to examples from the Oslo Accords, the Belfast Agreement, and the Colombian Peace Agreement. Finally, we discuss four dilemmas and problematiques of integrating agonistic ideas in peace agreements; the issue of power, the mixing of agonistic and liberal ideals in peace agreements, the principle of ‘nothing is agreed until everything is agreed’ and the related double-edged potential of constructive ambiguity and finally the challenges of implementing peace agreements.
Time to death and risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 cases in countries within the WHO African region in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Impouma Benido , Carr Alice L. J. , Spina Alexander , Mboussou Franck , Ogundiran Opeayo , Moussana Fleury , Williams George Sie , Wolfe Caitlin M. , Farham Bridget , Flahault Antoine , Codeco Tores Claudia , Abbate Jessica L. , Coelho Flávio Codeço , Keiser Olivia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study describes risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 cases reported in the WHO African region between 21 March and 31 October 2020. Average hazard ratios of death were calculated using weighted Cox regression as well as median time to death for key risk factors. We included 46 870 confirmed cases reported by eight Member States in the region. The overall incidence was 20.06 per 100 000, with a total of 803 deaths and a total observation time of 3 959 874 person-days. Male sex (aHR 1.54 (95% CI 1.31–1.81); P < 0.001), older age (aHR 1.08 (95% CI 1.07–1.08); P < 0.001), persons who lived in a capital city (aHR 1.42 (95% CI 1.22–1.65); P < 0.001) and those with one or more comorbidity (aHR 36.37 (95% CI 20.26–65.27); P < 0.001) had a higher hazard of death. Being a healthcare worker reduced the average hazard of death by 40% (aHR 0.59 (95% CI 0.37–0.93); P = 0.024). Time to death was significantly less for persons ≥60 years (P = 0.038) and persons residing in capital cities (P < 0.001). The African region has COVID-19-related mortality similar to that of other regions, and is likely underestimated. Similar risk factors contribute to COVID-19-associated mortality as identified in other regions.
Long-term outcomes after repair for anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Authors: Tran Andrew , Kochilas Lazaros , Thomas Amanda S. , Aggarwal Varun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnomalous right coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is a rare congenital heart disease that can lead to abnormal coronary perfusion and a need for surgical repair. Here, we report the outcomes of patients who underwent ARCAPA surgery within the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (PCCC), a North American registry of interventions for paediatric heart diseases. We queried the PCCC for patients undergoing surgical repair for ARCAPA at <18 years of age between 1982 and 2003. Outcomes were obtained from the PCCC and after linkage with the National Death Index (NDI) and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) through 2019. Twenty-four patients (males: 15) were identified having surgery for ARCAPA at a median age of 5.8 (IQR 2.7–10.3) years. Of them, 23 cases were considered “simple” (without major intracardiac disease) and one “complex” (co-existing with tetralogy of Fallot). Five patients presented with symptoms [chest pain (1), dyspnoea on exertion (2) or history of syncope (2)]; while the remaining 19 patients were referred for evaluation of either murmur or co-existing CHD. There was no in-hospital mortality after the surgical repair. Fourteen patients had sufficient identifiers for NDI/OPTN linkage; among them, only one death occurred from unrelated non-cardiac causes within a median period of 19.4 years of follow-up (IQR: 18–24.6). Outcomes were excellent after reimplantation up to 25 years later and further longitudinal monitoring is important to understand the interaction of pre-existing coronary pathology with the effects of ageing.
Brief intervention for hazardous drinking delivered using text messaging: a pilot randomised controlled trial from Goa, India
Authors: Nadkarni Abhijit , Fernandes Danielle , Bhatia Urvita , Velleman Richard , D’souza Ethel , D’souza Joseline , Marimilha Pacheco Grace , Sambari Seema 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile-based brief intervention (BI), generate preliminary estimates of the impact of the BI and fine-tune the procedures for a definitive randomised controlled trial.Design:Parallel three-arm single-blind individually randomised controlled pilot trial. Eligible and consenting participants were randomised to receive mobile-based BI, face-to-face BI and information leaflet.Setting:Educational institutions, workplaces and primary care centres.Participants:Adult hazardous drinkers.Results:Seventy-four participants were randomised into the three trial arms; forty-eight (64·9 %) completed outcome evaluation. There were no significant differences between the three arms on change in any of the drinking outcomes. There were however in two-way comparisons. Face-to-face BI and mobile BI were superior to active control for percent days heavy drinking at follow-up, and mobile BI was superior to active control for mean grams ethanol consumed per week at follow-up.Conclusion:The encouraging findings about feasibility and preliminary impact warrant a definitive trial of our intervention and if found to be effective, our intervention could be a potentially scalable first-line response to hazardous drinking in low-resource settings.
The Signet Library
Authors: Hamilton James 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article James Hamilton, Research Principal at the Society of Writers to HM Signet in Edinburgh, describes the history of the Signet Library as it approaches its 300th anniversary. He writes about some of the changes that have taken place over those three centuries and he also mentions some of the challenges for the library as the nature of the legal profession has altered, not least those presented recently by the Covid-19 pandemic.
Making the Case for Law Tech
Authors: Kearney Janet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs the concept of a ‘practice-ready’ attorney continues to grow in both law firms and law schools, law school libraries are meeting this need by offering programming related to legal technology. In this article, a law librarian from the United States, Janet Kearney, discusses their successes and failures in creating and maintaining legal technology programming, a first step in a larger conversation on practice-ready law graduates. The article is based on a June 2021 presentation given at the annual conference of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians.
Emerging Legal Informatics Towards Legal Innovation: Current Status and Future Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Sharma Sugam , Gamoura Samia , Prasad Deva , Aneja Arti 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the legal informatics area has slowly begun to develop as artificial intelligence and its related techniques and technologies expand their reach in the field of law. The legal, computational and data science communities are collaborating to build computational and data-driven innovative legal models to improve and advance all aspects of the existing legal system with the effective use of modern computer technologies such as machine learning, deep learning and natural language processing. In this research paper, the authors - Sugam Sharma, Samia Gamoura, Deva Prasad and Arti Aneja - explore these important factors with the potential to transform the existing approach to jurisprudence into a smart and intelligent legal system utilising automation. Such a justice system could be envisioned, in the near future which would be faster, fairer and economically more feasible, even for the highly marginalized, underprivileged and poor societies in the world.
Missing Climate Feedbacks in Fire Models: Limitations and Uncertainties in Fuel Loadings and the Role of Decomposition in Fine Fuel Accumulation
Authors: Hanan Erin J. , Kennedy Maureen C. , Ren Jianning , Johnson Morris C. , Smith Alistair M. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate change has lengthened wildfire seasons and transformed fire regimes throughout the world. Thus, capturing fuel and fire dynamics is critical for projecting Earth system processes in warmer and drier future. Recent advances in fire regime modeling have linked land surface models with fire behavior models. Such models often rely on fine surface fuels to drive fire behavior and effects, and while many models can simulate processes that control how these fuels change through time (i.e., fine fuel accumulation), fuel loading estimates remain highly uncertain, largely due to uncertainties in the algorithms controlling decomposition. Uncertainties are often amplified in climate change forecasts when initial conditions and feedbacks are not well represented. The goal of this review is to highlight fine fuel decomposition as a key uncertainty in model systems. We review the current understanding of mechanisms controlling decomposition, describe how they are incorporated into models, and evaluate the uncertainties associated with different approaches. We also use three state‐of‐the‐art land surface fire regime models to demonstrate the sensitivity of decomposition and subsequent wildfire projections to both parameter and model structure uncertainty and show that sensitivity can increase substantially under future climate warming. Given that many of the governing decomposition equations are based on individual case studies from a single location, and because key parameters are often hard coded, critical uncertainties are currently ignored. It is essential to be transparent about these uncertainties as the domain of land surface models is expanded to include the evaluation of future wildfire regimes.
Dependence of Rain Drop Size Distribution Parameters on Atmospheric Instability Over a Tropical Location Near the Land‐Sea Boundary
Authors: Saha Pallabi , Rakshit Gargi , Maitra Animesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe role of atmospheric instability, expressed by Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), in determining raindrop size distribution (DSD) parameters have been investigated over an urban tropical location, Kolkata (22.57°N and 88.37°E), India, near the land‐sea boundary. DSD measurements obtained from a ground‐based disdrometer during both pre‐monsoon (March‐May) and monsoon periods (June‐September) have been used in conjunction with CAPE from ERA‐5 data from 2014 to 2018. Based on collocated observations from a K‐band Doppler micro rain radar, rain events are classified as convective or stratiform. The study has shown that enhanced CAPE values significantly influence DSD parameters by increasing mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm) during convective rain, but it does not impact directly during stratiform rain. For stratiform rain events, the melting layer becomes a significant factor in determining Dm, which decreases with increasing melting layer height. Convective rain exhibits a bimodal DSD pattern for higher CAPE values, while stratiform rain shows a unimodal DSD feature. The present study location provides a unique opportunity to study the combined influences of air mass flows from the hot land region in Chotanagpur plateau and from the sea region of the Bay of Bengal on precipitation features. The investigation reveals the dominance of continental activities during convective precipitation and of maritime airflows on stratiform rain events, which is more visible during the pre‐monsoon season compared to the monsoon period. For the first time, the dual control of CAPE and melting layer on drop size distributions has been demonstrated for convective and stratiform rain events.
A model to quantify the influence of treatment patterns and optimize outcomes in nAMD
Authors: Ziemssen Focke , Agostini Hansjürgen , Feltgen Nicolas , Finger Robert P. , Haritoglou Christos , Hoerauf Hans , Iwersen Matthias , Porstner Martina , Clemens Andreas , Gmeiner Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a progressive retinal disease that often leads to severe and permanent vision loss. Early initiation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has been shown to preserve vision in nAMD patients. Concurrently, treatment outcomes in real-world are inferior to those reported in clinical trials. The most likely reasons observed are fewer treatment-intensity in routine clinical practice than in clinical trials. The other possibility could be the delay in starting treatment and the re-treatment interval. Although a negative impact of aforementioned parameters seems obvious, quantitative impact measures remain elusive in a real-world setting due to a lack of an ‘optimal treatment’ control group. To overcome this shortcoming, we developed, validated, and applied a model to assess and quantify the impact of anti-VEGF administration variables on visual acuity development in a prospective nAMD patient cohort. The model was further applied to probe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on visual progressions in nAMD patients. The presented model paves the way to systematically explore and evaluate realistic interventions in the current treatment paradigm, that can be adopted in routine clinical care.
High-contrast, speckle-free, true 3D holography via binary CGH optimization
Authors: Lee Byounghyo , Kim Dongyeon , Lee Seungjae , Chen Chun , Lee Byoungho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHolography is a promising approach to implement the three-dimensional (3D) projection beyond the present two-dimensional technology. True 3D holography requires abilities of arbitrary 3D volume projection with high-axial resolution and independent control of all 3D voxels. However, it has been challenging to implement the true 3D holography with high-reconstruction quality due to the speckle. Here, we propose the practical solution to realize speckle-free, high-contrast, true 3D holography by combining random-phase, temporal multiplexing, binary holography, and binary optimization. We adopt the random phase for the true 3D implementation to achieve the maximum axial resolution with fully independent control of the 3D voxels. We develop the high-performance binary hologram optimization framework to minimize the binary quantization noise, which provides accurate and high-contrast reconstructions for 2D as well as 3D cases. Utilizing the fast operation of binary modulation, the full-color high-framerate holographic video projection is realized while the speckle noise of random phase is overcome by temporal multiplexing. Our high-quality true 3D holography is experimentally verified by projecting multiple arbitrary dense images simultaneously. The proposed method can be adopted in various applications of holography, where we show additional demonstration that realistic true 3D hologram in VR and AR near-eye displays. The realization will open a new path towards the next generation of holography.
A shift in circulating rotaviral genotypes among hospitalized neonates
Authors: Reju Sudhabharathi , Srikanth Padma , Selvarajan Sribal , Thomas Reuben Kuruvilla , Barani Ramya , Amboiram Prakash , Palani Gunasekaran , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn neonates, rotavirus (RV) infection is generally nosocomial. The control of rotaviral infection within hospital settings is challenging due to prolonged shedding of the virus and contamination of the surrounding environment. There are few studies that have reported asymptomatic infection within neonates. In this study, neonates were screened for RV infection and possible clinical manifestations that may play a role in RV acquisition were analysed. Stool samples were collected from 523 hospitalized neonates admitted for > 48 h in a low-cost and higher-cost tertiary centre. RV antigen was screened using ELISA and the samples which tested positive were confirmed by semi-nested RT-PCR. RV was detected in 34% of participants and genotypes identified included G12P[11] (44.4%), G10 P[11] (42.6%), G10G12P[11] (10.1%) and G3P[8] (2.9%). ICU admissions were associated with higher viral shedding (p < 0.05). Hospitalization in the low-cost facility ICU was associated with higher RV acquisition risk (p < 0.05). RV was detected in higher rates (36.9%) among neonates with gastrointestinal manifestations. G10P[11] was the predominant genotype for several years (1988–2016) among neonates within India. The preponderance of an emerging G12P[11] genotype and heterotypic distribution was documented. RV surveillance is important to identify emerging strains and establish the road ahead in managing RV infection.
Hepatic enzymes and immunoinflammatory response to Bio-C Temp bioceramic intracanal medication implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of rats
Authors: Lopes Camila Soares , Delfino Mateus Machado , Tanomaru-Filho Mário , Sasso-Cerri Estela , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Cerri Paulo Sérgio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur purpose was to evaluate the biocompatibility and hepatotoxicity of a new bioceramic intracanal medicament, Bio-C Temp (BIO). The biological properties of BIO were compared with calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicament (Calen; CAL), used as gold pattern. Polyethylene tubes filled with BIO or CAL, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the samples were embedded in paraffin for morphological, quantitative and immunohistochemistry analyses. At 7 and 60 days, blood samples were collected for analysis of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was detected in serum GOT and GPT levels among BIO, CAL and CG specimens. In all periods, BIO specimens exhibited lower number of inflammatory cells and immunoexpression of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, than CAL specimens. The reduction of these parameters was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen content and in the immunoexpression of IL-10, a cytokine involved in the tissue repair, over time. Our findings indicate that Bio-C Temp is biocompatible and had no hepatotoxicity effect.