bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Soybean Looper, 1988
Authors: Mink J. S. , Boethel D. J. , Burris Gene 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three tests were conducted to study the efficacy of selected insecticides against soybean loopers on soybean. Test 1 was conducted 31 Aug and Test 2 was conducted 6 Sep with ‘Centennial’ soybean (R5) in Iberville Parish, La. Plots were 50 ft long and 8, 36-inch rows wide. The entire experimental area for Test 1 was treated with methyl parathion at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre on 18 Aug in an attempt to induce an outbreak of soybean loopers. Test insecticides were applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 18 gal of finished product/acre at 30 psi through 8002 nozzles. Samples were taken at 2, 7, and 14 DAT using 2 25-sweep samples/plot with a 15-inch-diam sweep net. Test 1 plots received 0.55 inches of rain between treatment and 2 DAT, 1.61 inches between 3 and 7 DAT, and 0.53 inches between 8 and 14 DAT. Test 2 plots received 0.53 inches of rain between 3 and 7 DAT and 1.17 inches between 8 and 14 DAT. Test 3 treatments were applied on 12 Sep to ‘Davis’ soybean (R4) in Tensas Parish. Plots were 30 ft long and 4, 40-inch rows wide. Test insecticides were applied with a compressed-air tractor-mounted boom calibrated to deliver 10 gal of finished product/acre at 36 psi through 80015 nozzles.
Soybean Looper Control, 1988
Authors: Taylor J. D. , McPherson R. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling soybean loopers in soybean. Insecticides were applied to foliage 14 Sep on ‘Thomas’ soybeans planted on a 36-inch row spacing. Soybeans were planted 20 May in conventionally prepared seedbeds at the University of Georgia Southeastern Branch Station at Midville. Individual plots were 4 rows by 50 ft with 6-ft alleys at the beginning and end of plots. A complete randomized block experimental design was used with 4 replicates. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered compressed-air sprayer, with TX-12 nozzles, at 35 psi (at the boom) that delivered 14.0 gal for formulation/acre. Individual treatments were evaluated at 2, 7, and 14 DAT by comparing the number of insect pests/25 sweeps in the treated plots with those in the untreated controls. A 15-inch-diam net was passed through the foliage of a single row on each sampling date.
Soybean Pest Control, 1988
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. Each plot was 40 ft by 6 rows (32-inch spacing) with an additional 2 buffer rows between adjacent plots. Soybeans were planted at 10 seeds/linear ft on 25 May and emerged 29 May. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-pressurized hand sprayer at 22.5 psi with 10.8 gal finished spray/acre. The boom had 4 nozzles (TeeJet 800067) spaced 20 inches apart. Plants were in the R5 growth stage at time of application (8 Sep), which coincided with increasing caterpillar populations. Conditions were calm and dry at time of application. Nine ft of row in each plot was sampled with a vertical beat sheet (similar to a ground cloth) one day before and at 1, 4, 7, and 14 DAT. Captured insects were placed in a plastic bag and frozen for later identification and enumeration. At maturity, 20 ft of the middle 2 rows of each plot was harvested for yield, which was adjusted to 13% moisture.
Soil Systemic vs. Foliar Insecticide Combinations and Sunflower Seed Yield; Trial 1, 1986
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Wiersma John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sunflower seed was planted 20 May at the Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, Minn. Plots were 4 rows by 30 ft, replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Liquid and granular soil systemics were applied in a 4-6-inch band 48 h after seeding and were covered with soil. Soil moisture in these finely textured soils was excellent. Foliar insecticides were applied 26 Jun, 10 Jul, and 27 Jul with a hand-held CO2 sprayer at 40 psi and 17 gal total material/acre. Larval counts were taken 15 Jul. Plant height, stem infestations (not reported), and percentage of lodging were measured the third week of August. Yields were collected from a 5- by 10-ft area in the center 2 plot rows.
Tobacco Aphid Control, 1988
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Taylor J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted at the Bowen Farm site at &gt;the Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Ga., 28 Apr in a field of Ocilla loamy sand. Plots 2 rows wide (44 inches apart) by 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by single untreated border rows, and blocks were separated by 5-ft vacant alleys. Seven insecticide treatments were applied 26 May with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 9.5 gal formulation/acre at 48 psi. A single TX-12 hojlow-cone nozzle, directed over the center of each row, was used to deliver the product. Numbers of live tobacco aphids/4 upper leaves were recorded on plants 3 and 5 of each plot 3, 7, 11, and 14 DAT. Percentage of control was determined by comparing the number of live aphids in the treated plots with those in the untreated controls.
Control of Foliage Pests, 1988
Authors: Southern P. Sterling , Browne Micou M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was established on a commercial farm in Craven County, N.C. Plots were 0.02 acres, 4 rows wide, separated laterally by a vacant row and on each end by a 16-ft alley. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pretransplanting applications were made 25 Apr. Granular bands (10 inches) were applied with an electrically driven Noble granular applicator; granules were applied to the soil surface and incorporated by bedding. Granules were broadcast with the same equipment and incorporated by disking twice followed by bedding. Liquids were broadcast at 23.5 gal/acre at 25 psi through 8004 flat-fan nozzles on 20-inch centers; incorporated by disking twice followed by bedding. Tobacco was transplanted into a moist Portsmouth fine sandy loam soil (pH 5.3) 26 Apr. Granules were sidedressed 10 May in a narrow band deposited just below the soil surface and 4 inches to one side of the row center with a fertilizer shank. Flea beetles and flea beetle feeding holes were counted on 5 consecutive plants from a random start in each of the middle 2 rows of the plot. Myzus nicotianae infestation levels were rated on 10 consecutive plants from a random start in each of the middle 2 rows of the plot.
Russian Wheat Aphid Control, 1988
Authors: Michels G. J. , Behle R. W. , Bible J. B. , Edwards J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The wheat field was located in Deaf Smith County, 4 miles north of Dawn, Tex. Each plot was 12 by 50 ft and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 6 Apr with a 4-nozzle hand-held spray boom at 30 psi and 22 gal/acre total spray volume. The irrigated wheat was less than 12 inches tall and preboot at the time of application. Evaluations consisted of counting live RWA on 10 symptomatic tillers (tillers with curled leaves and white or purple streaking) from each plot and were taken at 2, 7, 14, and 29 DAT. Yield evaluations were based on machine-harvested yields from 4- by 50-ft samples from each plot.
Southern Red Mite Control, 1988
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Miller G. L. , Hendricks H. J. , Williams M. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested dormant azaleas, growing in trade gallon (3-liter) black plastic containers of an amended pine bark medium, were selected for a single foliar-applied treatment. Chevron spray sticker (0.5 pt/100 gal water) was added to all chemical treatments. Sprays were applied to all leaf surfaces to run-off with an R&D CO2-pressurized test pilot sprayer (35 psi) equipped with a single Spray Systems cone-jet T nozzle. Four single-plant replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design and held in an open, unheated glass greenhouse. Live mites were counted at 7, 21, 35, and 63 DAT with the aid of a Llanfair Orchard leaf-brushing machine and a microscope. Each sample consisted of 3 randomly selected 6-cm terminals/plant. Terminals were clipped and brushed, and the number of mites landing on the counting disk was recorded.
Fall Control of Southern Masked Chafer, 1988
Authors: Johnson James W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sod plugs were potted into 6-inch-diam by 6-inch-deep plastic pots in June. SMC larvae were placed in pots on 23 Sep at a rate of 4/pot. Treatments were applied 27 Sep to pots arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Pots were placed in a 5- by 5-ft plot with treatments applied to this area. Liquid treatments were applied with an R&D Systems CO2 pistol belt sprayer with Delavan LF-3 nozzles calibrated to deliver 130.5 gal of dilute spray/acre at 30 psi. Granular treatments were applied with a shaker bottle to apply the product evenly over the treatment area. Clay granules were added to granular treatments to a uniform weight of 30 g to ensure even distribution of the products. Approximately 0.5 inches of water was applied with sprinklers to all plots within 2 h after application. Three rates of XRD-429 were kept dry by covering the plots during irrigation. Normal rainfall maintained adequate moisture during the trial. Data were taken on 4 Oct (1 wk), 11 Oct (2 wk), and 25 Oct (4 wk). Sample pots were carefully torn apart, and all SMC grubs were recovered from each replicate. The number of living and dead SMC grubs was recorded. The summary figure represents all replicates over all 3 time periods; a total of 36 grubs was used in calculations.
Beet Armyworm Control, 1988
Authors: Warkentin Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum foliage was dipped into treatment dilutions and placed wet into 1-pt wide-mouth ice cream containers fitted with nylon mesh lids for ventilation. Recently emerged adult female beet armyworms were introduced 10/container; there were 3 replicate containers/treatment. Mortality (%) was recorded for adults in each container after 24 h. Adults used in the bioassay were from an established laboratory colony reared on artificial diet; sex determinations were made at the pupa stage.
Control of Thrips, 1988
Authors: Warkentin Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Finished pots in full bloom were obtained from local grower and placed on greenhouse benches at 85°F. The plants were inoculated with Frankliniella bispinosa collected from heavily infested citrus blooms and held for several days to allow reproduction and establishment. All unopened flower buds were removed prior to the first spray application, and applications began when larvae and blemished petals were in evidence on all pots. Treatments were assigned according to a randomized complete block with 4 replicate pots/treatment. Two sprays were made to the point of wetness at 7-d intervals with hand-pressurized sprayers. No adjuvants were used. Evaluations consisted of breaking apart 2 to 6 blooms/replicate pot, counting all live larvae, then dividing by the number of flowers sampled. Evaluations were made 7 d after each application.
Summer Control of Hairy Chinch Bug, 1988
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a home lawn in Somerset, Pa., consisting primarily of fine-leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 by 6 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid and wettable powder formulations were applied with a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 4 gal/1,000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine-grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 96°F; soil temperature at 1 in depth, 72°F; RH, 45%; amount of thatch, 0.75-1.5 inches; soil type, sandy loam, soil particle size analysis: 60% sand, 23% silt, 17% clay; soil moisture condition, very dry; organic matter, 3.0% water pH, 8.0; soil pH, 5.4; no rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Posttreatment counts were made 8 Aug, 7 DAT. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during 15 min. Three floatation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a square-foot count. An average of 98.9 hairy chinch bug nymphs and adults/ft2 was recorded 1 Aug before treatment.
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1988
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Schwartz Mary Ann 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peach aphid control was evaluated 12 Jun on greenhouse-grown hibiscus. The plants were in 4-inch plots evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until run-off with a Gilmore all purpose trigger sprayer. A surfactant, Triton B 1956, was added to all treatments (3½ oz/100 gal), except for the RH 7988 treatments for which Triton AG 98 was used (8 oz/100 gal). Infestations were determined by examining 4 buds and 16 terminal leaves/plant and totaling the number of live aphids at 1, 7, and 14 DAT.
Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly, 1988
Authors: Cawley Bryant , Warkentin Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rooted poinsettias were greenhouse grown at 85°F in 6-inch pots containing Metro Mix 500 media for 6 d, then transferred for 24 h to an open-sided greenhouse containing stock plants heavily infested with whiteflies. Plants were then returned to the greenhouse, treated with the test materials with a hand-held mist bottle, and held in a whitefly-free enclosure for 10 d. There were 9 replicate plants/ treatment. Egg eclosion success and larval mortality were assessed after 10 d by removing individual leaves and scoring these developmental stages as alive or dead. Sampling continued until a combined total of 100 larvae and unhatched eggs was obtained for each replicate plant.
Control of Black Vine Weevil, 1986
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large taxus (20-m circumference) growing at the Secrest Arboretum in Ohio was used to evaluate efficacy of selected insecticides against newly emerged black vine weevil adults. A CO2 compression sprayer operating at 40 psi with a Teejet SS8004 flat-fan nozzle was used to apply treatments to run-off to 91-cm-wide sections of the taxus on 22 Jul with conditions sunny, 24°C, and 8-16 km/h breeze. Between each treatment was a 91-cm-wide unsprayed buffer area. Samples were taken at 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAT by randomly clipping 6 12-cm sprigs from each treatment area. Two sprigs were placed in each of 3 9- by 16-cm cylindrical paper cartons fitted with nylon organdy cloth lids, along with 5 ovipositing weevils. Mortality was assessed 72 h after placing weevils on foliage. Moribund adults were fed unsprayed foliage for an additional 72 h before final mortality was assessed.
Control of Black Vine Weevil Adults, 1987
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Taxus sprigs (10-15 cm) protruding from culture tubes were used to evaluate topical toxicity of soaps against black vine weevil adults. A CO2 compression sprayer operating at 20 psi was used 26 Aug to apply materials to run-off to 3 taxus sprigs harboring a total of 15 ovipositing weevils. One sprayed sprig was placed in each of 3 9- by 16-cm cylindrical paper cartons fitted with nylon organdy cloth lids, along with 5 of the sprayed weevils. Treatment effects were evaluated 5 d later.
Control of Green Garden Looper, 1988
Authors: Hara A. H. , Mello C. L. , Tsutsumi L. H. Arita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green garden loopers were reared on Bio-Mixed 9000 in the laboratory; fifth instars were used in the test. One-inch-square ti-leaves were dipped in the insecticide solution and allowed to dry for 2 h on paper towels. After drying each square ti-leaf was placed in a 60- by 15-mm Petri dish on filter paper moistened with 0.5 ml distilled water. One green garden looper was placed in each dish. Each treatment consisted of 10 loopers and was replicated 3 times in time. Mortality was assessed at 1, 3, and 6 DAT. Artificial diet was added to the dishes in which the loopers consumed 100% of the ti-leaf.
Japanese Beetle Control, 1988
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. , McCutcheon T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two species of entomogenous nematode combined with isazophos were applied 24 Aug to a golf course rough for control of Japanese beetle. Plot size was 10 by 10 ft and replicated 4 times in a completely random design. Treatments were applied as a mixture of 1 liter water containing the species of nematode and 1 liter water containing isazophos; the two were combined in a sprinkling can just before application. Treatments were irrigated with 11.3 liters water immediately after application. Environmental and soil conditions at treatment time were as follows: air temperature, 84°F; ground surface RH, 76%; partly cloudy during application with 0.25 inches of rainfall about 2 h after application; soil temperature (2 inches), 77°F; soil moisture, 23.5%; soil pH, 6.2. Thatch varied from one-eighth to three-quarters inches (not compressed). Rainfall during trial period at 28, 35, and 49 DAT was 6.15, 6.15, and 6.60 inches, respectively. Treatments were evaluated by sampling 4 locations in each plot using a cup changer (4.25 inches diam).
Summer Control of Apple Aphid with Insecticidal Soap, Conventional Insecticides, and Combination Sprays of Soap and Insecticides on Flowering Crabapple in Bucks County, 1988
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve insecticide treatments were evaluated to control apple aphid on 6-8-ft heavily infested flowering crabapples located at a commercial nursery in Bucks County, Pa. Each treatment was applied to 4-tree replicates. Foliar sprays (420 ml) were applied by using a 412 Solo Master mistblower. Each treatment was applied to each replicate (100 gal/acre) on 15 Jun under clear, sunny skies. At treatment time the following conditions existed: air temperature, 65°F; 90% RH; water pH 5.0. Prespray treatment counts consisted of marking 4 twigs on each replicate, and counting the number of aphid life stages for 15 s on each twig. Posttreatment counts were made on 20 Jun by completing 15-s counts on each twig.
Control of Hackberry Psyllids with Soil-Injected Insecticides, Fort Collins, 1987
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located at a nursery of the City of Fort Collins, Colo., planted to even-aged hackberry approximately 12 to 15 ft high. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 5 replications. Treatments were applied using a low-pressure Kioritz Soil Injector applying 1.0 fl oz per injection approximately 6 inches below ground. Insertions were made within the dripline of the tree with one insertion for each half inch of tree diameter at 4.5 ft height on trunk (dbh). Metasystox-R was applied as a 1:1 dilution with water; Dimethoate 400 in a 1:3 dilution with water (Dimethoate-water). Applications were timed immediately prior to bud break (4 May) or flights of the budgall psyllid (14 Jun). Evaluations of nipple galls were made by counting all galls on leaves of the lower 6 ft of the tree 18 Jun. Bud gall evaluations were made 21 Sep by counting all galls on 4 branches/tree.
Control of Spider Mites and Rust Mites on Honeylocust with Danitol and Orthene, Ft. Collins, 1988
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Patrick Darryl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in an established nursery planting located at the Colorado State University Bay Farm. Prior to application high levels of spider mites and rust mites were observed and extensive leaf bronzing was evident. Applications were made 29 Jul to whole trees using a hand-operated compressed-air sprayer. Plots consisted of whole trees, separated by untreated trees, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Evaluations were made 4, 14, and 21 DAT. Evaluations involved examining 4 leaflets on each of 6 randomly collected leaves/plot.
Honeylocust Pest Control, FT. Collins, 1987
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots involved an established nursery planting of 12-15-ft honeylocust trees maintained by the City of Ft. Collins. Plots were single trees and experimental design involved a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Initial target insect for the study was the honeylocust pod gall midge. However, failure of this insect to develop sufficient populations shifted the emphasis to the common mite species. A soil injection of Metasystox-R was made using a Kioritz Soil Injector applying a 1:1 water-insecticide mixture at the time of bud break (1 May). Evaluation of plots 14 Jun involved counts, of all newly formed, second-generation pod galls on the terminal 1 ft of growth of 10 branches/tree. Onset of third-generation gall midge egg laying was observed at that time, so remaining foliar sprays were applied using a hand-operated compressed-air sprayer to run-off. Subsequent evaluation of mites involved counting randomly selected leaflets on 5 leaves/plot.
Control of Honeylocust Leafhoppers and Plant Bugs, Fort Collins, 1987
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Established honeylocust trees on the Colorado State University campus were used for the trial. Treatments were applied 30 May to the terminal 3-ft growth of lower branches by spraying to run-off with a hand-operated mister. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 7 replications. Treatment evaluations were made 1 Jun by shaking treated branches over a food tray and counting dislodged insects.
Mite Control on Honeylocust, Ft. Collins, 1987
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located at the Colorado State University Bay Farm in Ft. Collins in an established nursery honeylocust planting, 15-18 ft high. Plot design involved single trees, bordered by untreated trees, arranged in a randomized complete block with 5 replications. All treatments were applied with a hand-operated compressed-air sprayer to run-off Dormant oil applications were made during bud swell, 25 Apr. Other treatments were made to coincide with peak spider mite populations 17 Jul. Evaluations were made by counting mites on a 4-leaflet subsample from 5 leaves/plot.
Control of Bagworm on White Pine, Marietta, 1987
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested white pines (2-3 m tall) growing as a windbreak were used to evaluate efficacy of selected insecticides against bagworms. A KWH backpack mistblower operating at half throttle on setting 3 for 30 s was used to apply treatments. A flag was placed near the highest density of active bagworms for each tree: 600 ml of finished spray was applied to that 1-m2 area 13 Jul under partly cloudy skies, 26°C, and 10-16 km/h breeze. Larval head capsule width averaged 2.54 mm. Treatment effectiveness as evaluated at 7 DAT by collecting 10 bagworms from each of the 4 single-tree replicates/treatment and assessing larval mortality.