bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing effective pasture root depth for irrigation scheduling by water balance and soil moisture monitoring
Authors: KC Birendra , Schultz Bart , Mohssen Magdy , Chau Henry Wai , Pandey Vishnu Prasad , Prasad Krishna , Anthony Patricia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ‘effective’ root depth of perennial ryegrass used for irrigation scheduling has substantial implications when estimating irrigation requirements. This study included field measurements of 20 percolation lysimeters with diameters and heights of 500 and 900 mm, respectively, installed on the Lincoln University Dairy Farm, Christchurch, New Zealand, to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) based on water balance analysis for three soil depths: 500, 600 and 700 mm. Reference evapotranspiration (ETr) was estimated based on the CropWat 8 model. Perennial ryegrass height (h cm) was measured for each lysimeter. Among the three soil depths, 500 mm produced the highest regression coefficient for the crop coefficient (Kc = ETa/ETr) and h relationship. The results indicate the need to consider a 500 mm root depth to estimate irrigation requirements on this farm to achieve optimal water productivity. A noticeable fluctuation in daily soil water content for the top 500 mm soil profile, measured in time domain reflectometry probes and with an Aquaflex soil moisture sensor, also reinforces the earlier statement.
The relationship between acoustic and musical pitch processing in adolescents
Authors: Zendel Benjamin Rich , Demirkaplan Özgen , Mignault‐Goulet Geneviève , Peretz Isabelle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmusia is defined as a difficulty processing the tonal pitch structure of music such that an individual cannot tell the difference between notes that are in‐key and out‐of‐key. A fine‐grained pitch discrimination deficit is often observed in people with amusia. It is possible that an intervention, early in development, could mitigate amusia; however, one challenge identifying amusia early in development is that identifying in‐ and out‐of‐key notes is a metacognitive task. Given the common co‐occurrence of difficulties with pitch discrimination, it would be easier to identify amusia in developing children by using a pitch change detection task. The goal of this study was to explore the behavioural and neurophysiological profiles of adolescents with poor pitch processing (Poor PP) abilities compared with those with normal pitch processing (Normal PP) abilities. Neurophysiologically, the Poor PPs exhibited a similar event‐related potential (ERP) profile to adult amusics during both acoustic and musical pitch discrimination tasks. That is, early ERPs (ERAN, MMN) were similar in Poor PPs compared with Normal PPs, whereas late positivities (P300, P600) were absent in Poor PPs, but present in Normal PPs. At the same time, behavioural data revealed a double dissociation between the abilities to detect a pitch deviant in acoustic and musical context, suggesting that about a third of the children would be missed by selecting a fine‐grained acoustic pitch discrimination task to identify the presence of amusia in early childhood.
Prenatal diagnosis of Walker–Warburg syndrome due to compound mutations in the B3GALNT2 gene
Authors: Wang Peng , Jin Pengzhen , Zhu Linyan , Chen Min , Qian Yeqing , Zeng Wenshan , Wang Miaomiao , Xu Yuqing , Xu Yanfei , Dong Minyue 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital hydrocephalus is one of the symptoms of Walker–Warburg syndrome that is attributed to the disruptions of the genes, among which the B3GALNT2 gene is rarely reported. A diagnosis of the Walker–Warburg syndrome depends on the clinical manifestations and the whole‐exome sequencing after birth, which is unfavorable for an early diagnosis.MethodsWalker–Warburg Syndrome was suspected in two families with severe fetal congenital hydrocephalus. Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on the affected fetuses.ResultsThe compound heterozygous variants c.1A>G p.(Met1Val) and c.1151+1G>A, and c.1068dupT p.(D357*) and c.1052 T>A p.(L351*) in the B3GALNT2 gene were identified, which were predicted to be pathogenic and likely pathogenic, respectively. Walker–Warburg syndrome was prenatally diagnosed on the basis of fetal imaging and whole‐exome sequencing.ConclusionsOur findings expand the spectrum of pathogenic mutations in Walker–Warburg syndrome and provide new insights into the prenatal diagnosis of the disease.
The different predictive effects of the intensity and proportion of CD20 expression on the prognosis of B‐lineage acute lymphocyte leukemia
Authors: Tian Yun , Wang Xiaojiao , Ai Hao , Lyu Xiaodong , Wang Qian , Wei Xudong , Song Yongping , Yin Qingsong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe prognostic effects of the CD20 positivity have been studied extensively in B‐lineage acute lymphocyte leukemia (B‐ALL) patients, but the results remain controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the different predictive effects of the intensity and proportion of CD20 expression on the prognosis for B‐ALL patients by retrospective analysis. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and percentage of CD20 on B‐ALL cells from 206 patients with B‐ALL were dynamically measured by flow cytometry, and their optimal cut‐off values were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Changes in MFI and percentage of CD20 at various time points and their relationship with prognosis were analyzed. We found that a low baseline CD20 MFI or high CD20 proportion was significantly associated with shorter 5‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival, and the combination of these two factors could more accurately predict worse survival for B‐ALL patients. Furthermore, low CD20 MFI or a high CD20 proportion had different predictive effects for ALL patients with different clinical characteristics and could serve as an independent risk factor for adverse prognosis. There were significant decreases in both the intensity and proportion of CD20 after recurrence in the absence of rituximab treatment, particularly with CD20 intensity. Notably, the decrease of CD20 intensity after recurrence indicated a more shortened survival time. Finally, we conclude that a low intensity or high proportion of CD20 expression may be used as an indicator for inferior prognosis for B‐ALL patients. CD20 intensity is more likely to be a more universal biomarker for worse prognosis.
Impact of Temporal Resolution and Methods for Correction on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Quantification
Authors: Milidonis Xenios , Nazir Muhummad Sohaib , Chiribiri Amedeo 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAcquisition of magnetic resonance first‐pass perfusion images is synchronized to the patient's heart rate (HR) and governs the temporal resolution. This is inherently linked to the process of myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification and impacts MBF accuracy but to an unclear extent.PurposeTo assess the impact of temporal resolution on quantitative perfusion and compare approaches for accounting for its variability.Study TypeProspective phantom and retrospective clinical study.Population and PhantomSimulations, a cardiac perfusion phantom, and 30 patients with (16, 53%) or without (14, 47%) coronary artery disease.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T/2D saturation recovery spoiled gradient echo sequence.AssessmentDynamic perfusion data were simulated for a range of reference MBF (1 mL/g/min–5 mL/g/min) and HR (30 bpm–150 bpm). Perfusion imaging was performed in patients and a phantom for different temporal resolutions. MBF and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) were quantified without correction for temporal resolution or following correction by either MBF scaling based on the sampling interval or data interpolation prior to quantification. Simulated data were quantified using Fermi deconvolution, truncated singular value decomposition, and one‐compartment modeling, whereas phantom and clinical data were quantified using Fermi deconvolution alone.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk tests for normality, percentage error (PE) for measuring MBF accuracy in simulations, and one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction to compare clinical MBF and MPR. Statistical significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsFor Fermi deconvolution and an example simulated 1 mL/g/min, the MBF PE without correction for temporal resolution was between 55.4% and −62.7% across 30–150 bpm. PE was between −22.2% and −6.8% following MBF scaling and between −14.2% and −14.2% following data interpolation across the same HR. An interpolated HR of 240 bpm reduced PE to ≤10%. Clinical rest and stress MBF and MPR were significantly different between analyses.Data ConclusionAccurate perfusion quantification needs to account for the variability of temporal resolution, with data interpolation prior to quantification reducing MBF variability across different resolutions.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage1
Customer courtesy and service performance: The roles of self‐efficacy and social context
Authors: Yoon David J. , Muir (Zapata) Cindy P. , Yoon Mahn Hee , Kim Eugene 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWhile the impact of negative customer treatment on service employees and their organizations is often emphasized in both scholarship and the popular press, relatively little work has examined the effects of customer courtesy. We draw on the social cognitive theory to theorize that customer courtesy can enhance service performance via its positive effect on employee self‐efficacy. Although getting customers to display courtesy may be outside an organization's direct control, we reason that management can amplify these benefits by establishing a strong organizational support climate. To examine our predictions, we developed a customer courtesy scale, then deployed it among service employees in the United States (Study 1) and hotel employees and their supervisors in East Asia (Study 2). We also collected experimental data (Study 3) to test our causal model. Across our studies, our data support the benefits of customer courtesy on employee self‐efficacy and, by extension, employee service performance. Moreover, our data reveal that when organizational support climate increases, the effect of customer courtesy on self‐efficacy and thus, service performance increases. Although it may be the case that bad is sometimes stronger than good, our work highlights the importance of positive workplace interactions (e.g., customer courtesy) on valued employee outcomes.
Characteristics and structure of a soy protein isolate–lutein nanocomplex produced via high‐pressure homogenization
Authors: Yang Haodong , Li Lijia , Xie Changyuan , He Mingyu , Guo Zengwang , Zhao Shijie , Teng Fei , Li Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, nanocarriers for transporting active substances have attracted attention. This study was to explore the soy protein isolate (SPI) after high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 MPa) as potential lutein carriers.RESULTSThe load amount (LA) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the SPI–lutein nanocomplexes at a homogenization pressure of 60 MPa were the highest (2.32 mg mL−1 and 92.85%, respectively), and the average particle size and ζ‐potential of the SPI–lutein nanocomplexes were 192.1 nm and −30.06 mV, respectively. The DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl‐antioxidant activities of the complex increased from 12.4% and 23.3% to 52.7% and 61.07%, respectively, after the protein was treated with HPH. The surface hydrophobicity of the SPI and the SPI–lutein nanocomplexes increased with increasing homogenization pressure treatment. Fourier transform‐infrared spectrophotometry analyses suggested that the homogenization treatments resulted in partial unfolding of the protein molecules, and the addition of lutein can also lead to the change of protein secondary structure. The fluorescence emission of SPI was quenched by lutein through the static quenching mechanism. Fluorescence experiments revealed that SPI and lutein had the strongest binding ability through hydrophobic interaction at a homogenization pressure of 60 MPa.CONCLUSIONAfter HPH, the combination of SPI and lutein was beneficial, and the stability of lutein also improved after the combination. This study is conducive to expanding the application of soybean protein in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Shifts in the intestinal microflora of meat rabbits in response to glucocorticoids
Authors: Liu Hongli , Zhang Bin , Li Fan , Liu Lei , Li Fuchang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs major stress hormones, glucocorticoids can directly or indirectly affect the intestinal microflora, although few studies have focused on changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora. In this study, rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: gavage administration with saline, and the same doses of dexamethasone (1 mg kg−1). After 7 days, the microbial diversity of the jejunum contents was analysed.RESULTSThe gut microflora richness and diversity had no significant difference between the two groups. The proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant in the jejunum of meat rabbits. Dexamethasone injection led to a change in the structure of the gut microflora composition, and we found that there were six biomarkers with linear discriminant analysis score >4 (Firmicutes, Caproiciproducens, Clostridiales, Clostridia, Psychrobacter, and Psychrobacter faecalis), moreover, the results of this study provide new insight into alleviating the effects of stress on meat rabbits.CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that glucocorticoids caused changes in the composition of intestinal microflora. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Maize ear growth is stimulated at the fourth day after pollination by cell wall remodeling and changes in lipid and hormone signaling
Authors: Du Kang , Zhao Wenqing , Mao Yu , Lv Zhiwei , Khattak Wajid Ali , Ali Saif , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Youhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDStimulating maize ear development is an effective way of improving yield. However, limited information is available regarding the regulation of sink strength change from weak to strong at the same position of maize plants. Here, a novel method for stimulating development combined with physiological assays and proteomics was applied to explore the regulation of ear strengthened development.RESULTSBy blocking pollination of the upper ear of maize hybrid Suyu 41, the adjacent lower ear was dramatically stimulated at 4 days after pollination (DAP). Tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based proteomics identified 173 differentially expressed proteins (fold change >1.2 or <0.83, P < 0.05) from 7793 total proteins. Gene ontology annotations indicated that several pathways showed noticeable changes, with a preferential distribution to cell wall remodeling, hormone signals and lipid metabolism in the stimulated kernels. Cell wall remodeling was highly mediated by chitinase, exhydrolase II and xyloglucan enotransglucosylase/hydrolase, and accompanied by increased sucrose and glucose content. A series of lipoxygenase proteins were significantly upregulated, causing a significant alteration in lipid metabolism. Hormone signals were influenced by the expression of the proteins involved in indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) transport, zeatin (ZT) biosynthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) signal response, and increased IAA, ZT and ABA content.CONCLUSIONThe critical time for understanding the mechanism by which ear growth is stimulated is 4 DAP. Comparative proteomics and physiological analysis revealed that lipid metabolism enhancement, cell wall remodeling and changes in hormone signaling (IAA, ZT and ABA) were all important in stimulating early ear development. Proper regulation of these pathways may improve ear development, resulting in increased maize yield. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An efficient high‐speed counter‐current chromatography method for the preparative separation of potential antioxidants from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. combination of in vitro evaluation and molecular docking
Authors: Sun Xuan , Chen Long , Yan Huijiao , Cui Li , Hussain Hidayat , Xie Lei , Liu Jie , Jiang Yujuan , Meng Zhaoqing , Cao Guiyun , Park Jeonghill , Wang Daijie 
Published: March 2022

Paeonia lactiflora Pall., one of the most famous classical herbal medicine, has been used to treat diseases for over 1200 years. In this research, the functional ingredients were purified by online‐switch two‐dimensional high‐speed counter‐current chromatography combined with inner‐recycling and continuous injection mode. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by investigating the 2,2′‐azobis (2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride‐induced oxidant damage in vitro and confirmed through molecular docking. n‐Butanol/ethyl acetate/water (2:3:5, v/v) solvent system was used for the first‐dimensional separation and optimized the sample loading. Two pure compounds and a polyphenol‐enriched fraction were separated. The polyphenol‐enriched fraction was separated with a solvent system n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:8:4:6, v/v) with continuous injection mode. Five compounds were successfully separated, including gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), albiflorin (3), paeoniflorin (4), and ethyl gallate (5). Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The results from the antioxidant effect showed that albiflorin had stronger antioxidant activity. Molecular docking results indicated that the affinity energy of the identified compounds ranged from ‐3.79 to ‐8.22 kcal/mol and albiflorin showed the lowest affinity energy. Overall, all those findings suggested that the strong antioxidant capacity of albiflorin can be potentially used for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidation.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity is associated with reduced Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in a sample of Vietnam War Veterans
Authors: Prieto Sarah , Moody Jena N. , Valerio Kate E. , Hayes Jasmeet P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to examine associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, the number of stressors experienced, and cognitive outcomes in a sample of U.S. Vietnam War Veterans (N = 274). Adults between 60 and 85 years of age completed a Vietnam Veterans Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Project visit. A modified version of the Life Stressor Checklist‐Revised (LSC‐R) was used to assess the number of stressful experiences participants experienced, current PTSD severity scores were measured via the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐IV (CAPS‐IV), and cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Linear regressions were conducted to examine the effect of CAPS‐IV and LSC‐R scores on cognitive performance. Higher CAPS‐IV scores were associated with worse cognitive outcomes on the MoCA, ΔF(1, 264) = 12.686, p < .001, R2 = .142. In contrast, the number of reported stressful experiences was not associated with cognitive outcomes. After accounting for multiple comparisons, findings indicated that CAPS‐IV severity scores were significantly associated with the MoCA memory index. In a sample of older Veterans, PTSD symptom severity, but not the number of reported stressors, was associated with poorer performance on a well‐established cognitive function screening tool. Analyses of specific MoCA domains indicated that memory may be driving this association. These findings suggest that highly arousing stressors characteristic of PTSD, rather than stressful experiences more broadly, contribute to this association. Future work can use these findings to explore whether treating PTSD symptoms may help maintain cognitive function during the aging process.
Treating posttraumatic stress disorder at home in a single week using 1‐week virtual massed cognitive processing therapy
Authors: Held Philip , Kovacevic Merdijana , Petrey Kelsey , Meade Enya A. , Pridgen Sarah , Montes Mauricio , Werner Brianna , Miller Michelle L. , Smith Dale L. , Kaysen Debra , Karnik Niranjan S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments are increasingly delivered in massed formats and have shown comparable results to standard, weekly treatment. To date, massed cognitive processing therapy (CPT), delivered daily, has been delivered primarily in combination with adjunctive services and among veteran populations, but it has not been rigorously evaluated as a standalone intervention. The present study evaluated 1‐week massed CPT delivered virtually (i.e., via telehealth) to a community sample of trauma‐exposed individuals (N = 24). Using a single‐arm open‐label design, participants received CPT twice per day for 5 days. The results indicated that most participants completed treatment (n = 23, 95.8%), and no adverse events were reported. Participants exhibited large reductions in clinician‐rated, d = 2.01, and self‐reported PTSD symptoms, d = 2.55, as well as self‐reported depressive symptoms, d = 1.46. On average, participants reported a 5‐point PTSD symptom reduction and 1‐point reduction in depressive symptoms for each treatment day. Reductions in PTSD and depressive symptoms were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. Overall, 1‐week massed CPT delivered virtually was shown to be feasible and to result in rapid symptom reductions that were sustained over time. Virtual massed CPT has the potential to increase access to effective treatments and help trauma survivors restore aspects of their lives in short amounts of time.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Normal Cervix, Cervical Cancer, and Cervical Precancerous Changes Via Real‐Time Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Guo Yan‐Jing , Yan Xiao‐Jing , Zhao Hai‐Xia , Wen Xiao‐Duo , Wang Jing , Du Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Nan , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the clinical application values of ultrasound real‐time shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cervical cancer (CC).MethodsA total of 285 married female patients were screened and divided into three groups according to the results of the pathological examination and the cervical ThinPrep cytologic test: 1) the CC group (n = 94); 2) the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group (n = 91); and 3) the normal control group (n = 100). The maximum Young's modulus (Emax), mean Young's modulus (Emean), minimum Young's modulus (Emin), and Young's modulus stability (Esd) in each group were measured and statistically analyzed.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in Emax, Emean, Emin, and Esd values between the anterior and posterior cervical walls, premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and nonparturient and parturient women in the normal control group. The Emax, Emean, Emin, and Esd values in the CIN group showed no statistically significant differences in different periods when compared with the control group. The differences between the normal control group and the CC group were statistically significant; the CC group showed no statistically significant differences in Emax, Emean, Emin, and Esd values at different clinical stages and in different pathological types. The cutoff value of Emax for CC diagnosis, which was of the highest accuracy (89.7%), was 43.48 kpa.ConclusionUltrasound real‐time SWE can be applied to CC diagnosis.