bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia, overhydration, and lower muscle strength in hemodialysis patients with protein‐energy wasting
Authors: Chávez‐Mendoza Carlos A. , Martínez‐Rueda Armando J. , Ortega‐Vargas José L. , Becerra‐Laparra Ivonne K. , Ardavín‐Ituarte Juan M. , Correa‐Rotter Ricardo , Ramírez‐Sandoval Juan C. , Vega‐Vega Olynka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe protein‐energy wasting (PEW) syndrome is a common complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients associated to morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of PEW and its association with erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) score, body composition by impedance, health‐related quality of life, and muscle strength.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, observational, multicenter study, we included data from 191 HD patients from three HD clinics located in Mexico City, Mexico. Clinical and biochemistry variables, body composition, handgrip strength, and the KDQOL‐SF36 questionnaire were collected for each patient.FindingsPrevalence of PEW was 22% (n = 41/191), with a higher frequency in those with diabetes mellitus (59% vs. 49%, p = 0.04). Subjects with PEW had lower hemoglobin levels (9.5 + 1.6 g/dl vs. 10.3 + 1.7 g/dl; p = 0.005) and higher ERI scores (19.2 ± 11.2 vs. 15.6 ± 8.2; p = 0.04) compared with the non‐PEW group. In analysis of body composition, PEW was associated to higher overhydration status (42.2 vs. 24.9 OH/kg; p = 0.009), higher extracellular water (263 ± 40 vs. 246 ± 32 ml/kg; p = 0.019), lower lean tissue index (12.2 ± 3.2 vs. 14.1 ± 3.7 ml/m2; p = 0.021), and lower fat tissue index (9.6 ± 5.7 vs. 12.3 ± 6.2 ml/m2; p = 0.043). Handgrip strength was lower in PEW patients (22.5 vs. 28.1 kg; p = 0.002). Finally, no significant differences were observed between groups in quality‐of‐life assessment.DiscussionIn this study, PEW was associated to poor responsiveness to erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents, lower muscle strength, and higher overhydration status due to the increase in extracellular water which replaced the loss of tissue. Nevertheless, quality‐of‐life assessment was not different in patients with PEW compared with those without this complication.
Cutaneous manifestations of ANCA‐associated vasculitis: a retrospective review of 211 cases with emphasis on clinicopathologic correlation and ANCA status
Authors: Shakshouk Hadir , Gibson Lawrence E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV) may present a wide array of dermatological manifestations. Patients may remain ANCA negative, rendering diagnosis challenging for dermatologists if they depend heavily on ANCA testing to either confirm or rule out AAV.ObjectiveTo compare clinical and histopathological features of AAV patients with skin lesions who are ANCA positive versus those who are ANCA negative.MethodsRetrospective review of medical charts to identify patients diagnosed with AAV by clinical and pathologic criteria who also had cutaneous manifestations.ResultsSearch revealed that 211 out of 932 (23%) patients had cutaneous manifestations. Of those, 40/211 (20%) patients had persistently ANCA‐negative serology. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) comprised the largest cohort. Palpable purpura was the most prominent clinical feature. The most common histopathological feature was leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) in 19 (29%) specimens, extravascular granuloma in 14 (22%), followed by perivascular infiltrate in 12 (18%), with eosinophils in nine. In the ANCA‐negative subgroup, perivascular infiltrate was more common followed by LCV but without statistically significant difference.ConclusionsDiagnosis of AAV should not be based on ANCA testing alone since a considerable number of patients with cutaneous lesions may be ANCA negative. The clinical or histopathologic findings of skin lesions in this study group did not vary based on ANCA status.
Ethiopian immigrants with diabetes in Israel: Oscillating between two narratives
Authors: Dor‐On Anat , Agmon Maayan , Srulovici Einav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this project was to examine the role of cultural differences in shaping the management of diabetes among Ethiopian immigrants living in Israel.MethodsA qualitative, in‐depth study involved semistructured interviews with 16 Ethiopian immigrants with diabetes living in Israel. The interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and translated into Hebrew, if necessary. The authors each identified themes in the responses and then through discussion came to a consensus about the most significant ones and how to categorize them.ResultsA main theme was revealed structuring the participants' perception of diabetes: an oscillation between a familiar narrative, associated with traditional life in Ethiopia, and a foreign one. Five additional subthemes were also identified as an oscillation about the causes of disease, between collectivism and individualism, between accessible food and a balanced diet, between relying on bodily sensations and prescribed treatment and between culturally oriented and translated knowledge.ConclusionThe participants understood that they could be adversely affected both by the changes in lifestyle following their move and by adhering to the traditional norms. They agreed that professional liaisons and peers who have successfully managed their diabetes could help provide a bridge between the narratives.
Glycans as shapers of tumour microenvironment: A sweet driver of T‐cell‐mediated anti‐tumour immune response
Authors: Fernandes Ângela , Azevedo Catarina M. , Silva Mariana C. , Faria Guilherme , Dantas Carolina S. , Vicente Manuel M. , Pinho Salomé S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEssentially all cells are covered with a dense coat of different glycan structures/sugar chains, giving rise to the so‐called glycocalyx. Changes in cellular glycosylation are a hallmark of cancer, affecting most of the pathophysiological processes associated with malignant transformation, including tumour immune responses. Glycans are chief macromolecules that define T‐cell development, differentiation, fate, activation and signalling. Thus, the diversity of glycans expressed at the surface of T cells constitutes a fundamental molecular interface with the microenvironment by regulating the bilateral interactions between T‐cells and cancer cells, fine‐tuning the anti‐tumour immune response. In this review, we will introduce the power of glycans as orchestrators of T‐cell‐mediated immune response in physiological conditions and in cancer. We discuss how glycans modulate the glyco‐metabolic landscape in the tumour microenvironment, and whether glycans can synergize with immunotherapy as a way of rewiring T‐cell effector functions against cancer cells.
Physiological and biochemical adaptive traits support the specific breeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for severely drought‐stressed or moisture‐favourable environments
Authors: Kang Yun , Seminario Amaia , Udvardi Michael , Annicchiarico Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe adaptation of alfalfa to moisture‐favourable and drought‐prone environments and its underlying mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated despite their crucial importance to maximize the crop breeding progress. The main aim of this study was to support breeding strategies by exploring the relationship of leaf morphophysiological traits assessed in three growth chamber experiments with the adaptive response of five cultivars (Mamuntanas; Demnat 203; Erfoud 1; Prosementi; SARDI 10) that showed large genotype × environment interaction (GEI) across 10 drought‐prone to moisture‐favourable Mediterranean environments. Changes in shoot and root metabolite profiles across moisture‐contrasting conditions were assessed for two cultivars with contrasting adaptation pattern. The cultivar specifically adapted to drought‐prone environments (Mamuntanas), compared with that specifically adapted to moisture‐favourable environments (Demnat 203), displayed: (i) lower leaf wilting under drought stress; (ii) delayed leaf senescence under stress, assessed as limited chlorophyll reduction either in vivo from upper to central leaves or in vitro from control to polyethylene glycol‐treated leaflets, (iii) greater leaf tolerance to desiccation, measured in vitro as less pronounced reduction of leaf dry weight from control to polyethylene glycol‐treated leaflets, (iv) smaller leaves, (v) lower early root and shoot growth and (vi) lower leaf stomata density. The other cultivars exhibited different combinations and/or intermediate values of these traits. The metabolite profiles of Mamuntanas and Demnat 203 differed more in shoots than in roots. Mamuntanas accumulated more amino acids than Demnat 203 under moisture‐favourable and drought conditions. The distinct and partly incompatible combination of traits featuring the cultivars that maximized the crop yield in favourable or drought‐prone conditions (Mamuntanas and Demnat 203) improves our understanding of traits contributing to large GEI across moisture‐contrasting environments and support the breeding for specific adaptation to either condition. We identified a few inexpensive morphophysiological traits that could be used for early selection targeting drought‐prone environments.
Restoratively guided orthodontic treatment: The pre‐orthodontic bonding concept
Authors: Robbins J. William , Alvarez Marcela G. , Beckel Bradly T. , Norris Robert Tito , Caesar R. Raymond 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveCommunication between the orthodontist and the restorative dentist has always been difficult due to the inability of the orthodontist to achieve the desired orthodontic goals with just words in a referral note.Clinical ConsiderationsA better method of communication is for the restorative dentist to create the ideal tooth anatomy either before or during orthodontic treatment to direct the orthodontic tooth movement.ConclusionIt is the purpose of this article to present a technique, which makes the pre‐restorative orthodontic treatment both more accurate and more efficient.Clinical SignificanceIt is very difficult for the orthodontist to move teeth into their correct positions when the teeth are anatomically incorrect due to attrition/erosion or due to developmental malformation. When the restorative dentist makes the teeth anatomically correct with either pre‐orthodontic or intermediate orthodontic bonding, the orthodontist has the benefit of ideal tooth anatomy to finalize the tooth positions. This then allows the restorative dentist to create final restorations, which are ideal, both functionally and esthetically.
Manta and devil ray species occurrence and distribution in Venezuela, assessed through fishery landings and citizen science data
Authors: Ehemann Nicolás , Acosta‐Rodríguez Edilia , Tagliafico Alejandro , Pelletier Nicole , Stevens Guy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManta and devil rays (collectively mobulids) belong to the monogeneric Mobulidae, which currently comprises 10 species, including a putative third manta ray species (Mobula cf. birostris). These large planktivorous rays are distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical oceans of the world. To date, six mobulid species are reported for the western Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, three of which had previously been reported in Venezuela (Mobula birostris, Mobula tarapacana and Mobula hypostoma). A preliminary assessment of fishery landings and citizen science data was conducted to further the scientific knowledge of mobulid species in Venezuela. Fisheries landing data were collected at Margarita Island between 2006 and 2007, and again in 2014. Data mining of internet search engines and social media platforms spanning the past two decades was also conducted. A total of 117 individuals of five mobulid species were recorded: Mobula sp. (n = 27), M. birostris (n = 36), M. tarapacana (n = 3), Mobula mobular (n = 26), Mobula thurstoni (n = 14) and M. cf. birostris (n = 11). The latter three species are the first confirmation of these species in Venezuela. The authors found no records of the previously reported M. hypostoma during this study. Although the occurrence of M. hypostoma in Venezuela remains possible because of the broad regional range of this species, its current presence in Venezuela is invalidated given the repeated misidentifications which have occurred in previous publications. The results of this study increase the number of reported mobulid ray species in Venezuela to five (excluding M. hypostoma). The overall data from juvenile manta rays and pregnant M. mobular and M. thurstoni recorded in this study, combined with the occurrence of all but one species of mobulid ray found in the western Atlantic Ocean, suggest Venezuela provides important habitat for this threatened family of rays.
Personalized treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Chan Stephen L , Wong Nathalie , Lam W K Jacky , Kuang Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSystemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been advancing rapidly over the last decade. More novel agents, including both targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, are available for physicians to use sequentially or concurrently for patients with advanced HCC. Despite more options, only a proportion of patients benefit from each regimen. Therefore, clinicians are facing challenges on how to choose the right regimen for the right patient with HCC, which raises the importance of personalized treatment approach. To advance personalized treatment for HCC, one approach relies on the acquisition of biomarker data from clinical trials to evaluate clinical parameters or genotypes in association with outcomes of selected drugs. This approach has led to finding of high baseline alpha‐fetoprotein levels in association with benefits of ramucirumab. Cumulative findings from multiple clinical trials and translational studies also suggest that selected etiology and/or genotype of HCC could predict resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The second approach is to decipher the tumor heterogeneity of HCC with an aim to identify clinically relevant patterns to guide clinical decisions. Tumor heterogeneity could exist within a single tumor (intra‐tumoral heterogeneity), among different tumors in the same patient (inter‐tumoral heterogeneity) or between primary and recurrent tumors (temporal tumor heterogeneity). The analyses of tumor heterogeneity have also been powered by coverage of tumor immune environment and incorporation of circulating tumor nucleic acid technology. Emerging publications have been reported above tumor heterogeneity exist in HCC, which is potentially clinically impactful.
Several factors influencing energy‐loss near‐edge structure calculations using Wien2k
Authors: Ding Yifan , Yang Junkai , Ji Yu , Guo Qinwen , Li Xiangfei , Wang Luyao , Meng Ying , Shen Xi , Yao Yuan , Yu Richeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) is widely applied combining with transmission electron microscopes with high spatial resolution, but its interpretation is a challenging task. One of the reasons is that the factors affecting EELS are very complicated. In this paper, we focus on the several factors involved in density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The sensitivity of calculated energy‐loss near‐edge structure (ELNES) to spin order, pressure and on‐site Coulomb energy U has been discussed. Since EELS technique detects the local environment of atoms, the influence of spin order cannot be ignored. The chemical shifts and peak intensity of ELNES are also closely related to corresponding pressure. The correlation effects are very important for transition metal compounds and play a key role in EELS simulations. An overview of the effects of these factors on the ELNES is presented with the help of Wien2k code. The antiferromagnetic order results in the decreasing of intensities of related peaks and the moving of the peaks to high energy loss. The decreasing of lattice parameters causes the ELNES peaks to shift to high energy loss, and the peak shifts at the higher energy loss are more significant. The increase of correlation effect leads to the ELNES peaks to shift to high energy loss accompanied by the increase of the relative intensity of the peaks which locate at higher energy loss. Our work helps to understand how these factors affect EELS and to explain and predict the experimental EELS spectra. Through the discussion of these factors, we propose that some factors could not be ignored in EELS simulations.
Assessment of hearing loss in patients with rosacea
Authors: Ayvaz Havva Hilal , Sivrice Mehmet Emre , Atay Emrah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectives/AimsRosacea is not only a skin condition but a systemic inflammatory disease that includes chronic inflammation, vascular alterations, and autoimmunity in pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the presence of a sensorineural hearing loss in the patients with rosacea in comparison with the healthy control group and, also to compare the audiometric results according to the severity of disease among the patient group.MethodsFifty‐three patients with erythematelangiectatic or papulopustular type of rosacea and 105 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included. Each participant had audiometric measurements after a complete ear–nose–throat examination by the same otorhinolaryngologist.ResultsThe results of air and bone conduction thresholds showed statistically significant differences in particularly high frequencies between the groups in both the right and left ear (for all p < 0.05), but there was no correlation between audiometric measurements and the severity or the type of rosacea (p > 0.05).ConclusionsRegardless of disease severity or type, rosacea patients are likely to have sensorineural hearing loss, and it is important to refer these patients in the early period.
Regulators CDCA8 as potential targets and biomarkers for the prognosis of human skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Guo Rong , Ying Jianghui , Jia Lingling , Zhuang Ni , Jiang Hua , Xiong Jiachao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCutaneous melanoma (CM) is considered as the most malignant skin tumor with high distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Cell division cycle‐associated protein (CDCA) family has a role in regulating cell proliferation and modulating immune cell and tumor cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment to regulate tumor oncogenesis, development and affect patient outcomes. However, the differential expression pattern and prognostic value of CDCA factors (CDCAs) have not been clarified. In this study, the role of CDCAs in CM was analyzed by using bioinformatics and found that the transcriptional expressions of CDCA1/2/3/5/6/8 were upregulating in CM samples than in normal compares. CM patients with downregulated of CDCA1/3/4/5/6/8 and high transcriptional levels of CDCA7 suggest a significantly better prognosis. Furthermore, the significant correlations among the expression of CDCAs and the infiltration of immune cells. In terms of the protein level, we found CDCA8 was upregulated in CM patients. In conclusion, CDCA8 is a powerful prognostic biomarker for CM and can be a novel target for immunotherapy.
A mathematical model to predict the probability of a successful pregnancy
Authors: Li Shihui , Li Dian , Ma Yanmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo develop a scoring system for the prediction of a successful pregnancy.MethodsData were collected prospectively from women diagnosed with pregnancy from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018. Pregnant days, hormone levels, and gestational sac diameters were recorded. Relationships among the pregnancy days, hormones, and gestational sac were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. A scoring system was established and stratified by the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile of hormone levels and gestational sac diameters on different pregnancy days. Pregnancy outcomes were predicted by the scores using quadratic polynomial regression analyses. A portable desktop analyzer was developed and the performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsIn 273 successful pregnancy cases, the length of gestational days was significantly correlated to beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and E2 (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) levels, and the size of the gestational sac (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the size of gestational sac was positively correlated with β‐hCG (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and E2 (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). For 273 delivery and 103 miscarriage cases included in this study, our scoring‐based prediction model rendered an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.86 with the sensitivity of 78.31% and the specificity of 80.83%.ConclusionsWe successfully developed a scoring‐based analyzer to evaluate the viability of embryos at different gestation stages and to predict the probability of a successful delivery, which would provide a reference for clinicians in postpregnancy management.
Distribution of mature and newly regenerated nerve fibres after tooth extraction and dental implant placement: An immunohistological study
Authors: Li Jian , Xue Shenghao , Liu Zhongning , Yao Dongyuan , Jiang Ting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe time‐dependent peri‐implant innervation needs to be elucidated in detail.ObjectivesTo examine the distribution of mature and newly regenerated nerves around the implant with immunofluorescence during 28‐day follow‐up after implantation.Methods35 male Sprague–Dawley rats were grouped into non‐operated (n = 5), extraction (n = 5) and implant (n = 25) groups. For rats in the extraction and implant groups, three right maxillary molars were extracted. One month later, a titanium implant was placed into the healed alveolar ridge in the implant group. The implant group was further divided into 5 subgroups according to day 1, 3, 7, 14 or 28 after implantation, on which day serial histological sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry. On day 28, the serial sections were also prepared in the non‐operated and extraction groups. Soluble protein‐100 and growth‐associated protein‐43 were used to immunolabel mature and newly regenerated nerve fibres, respectively.ResultsIn the peri‐implant soft tissues, the number of both mature and newly regenerated nerves showed an increasing trend in 28 days. In the bone tissues, the number of mature or newly regenerated nerves in both areas at less than 100 μm and 100–200 μm from the implant surface on day 28 grew significantly compared with that on day 1 or 3. In addition, the closest distance from mature nerves to the implant surface decreased evidently.ConclusionThe number of peri‐implant nerves increased in 28 days since implantation. The innervation in the soft tissue took place faster than in the bone tissue. The mature nerves in the bone tissue approached the implant gradually.