bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant use of multispecies probiotic in the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Santana Sandro I. , Silva Pedro H. F. , Salvador Sérgio L. , Casarin Renato C. V. , Furlaneto Flávia A. C. , Messora Michel R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of multispecies probiotic containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001™, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc‐37®, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019™ as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) on changes in bleeding on probing (BOP) in edentulous patients with peri‐implant mucositis (PiM).Materials and MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to test (probiotic) or control (placebo) groups. All sites with PiM received MD and topical gel application (probiotic or placebo) at baseline and 12 weeks. After initial MD, patients consumed probiotic or placebo capsules twice a day for 12 weeks. Clinical (modified sulcus bleeding index [mSBI]; modified plaque index [mPI]; probing depth [PD]; and BOP) and immunological parameters were collected at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks. Data were statistically analysed (p < .05).ResultsThirty‐six patients with PiM were recruited. The test group presented higher prevalence (p < .05) of cases of restored peri‐implant health at 24 weeks than did the control group (72.2% and 33.3%, respectively). No significant difference was observed between test (n = 18) and control (n = 18) groups for mPI and PD. mSBI %—score 0 was higher in the test group than in the control group at 24 weeks (p < .05). When compared with baseline, both groups presented reduced BOP at 12 and 24 weeks (p < .05). BOP was lower in the test group than in the control group at 12 (mean difference = −14.54%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −28.87 to 0.22; p = .0163) and 24 (mean difference = −12.56%; 95% CI = −26.51 to 1.37; p = .0090) weeks. At 24 weeks, only the test group presented lower levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α than those at baseline (p < .05).ConclusionsThe multispecies probiotic (administered locally and systemically) containing L. rhamnosus HN001™, L. paracasei Lpc‐37®, and B. lactis HN019™ as an adjunct to repeated MD promotes additional clinical and immunological benefits in the treatment of PiM in edentulous patients (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04187222).
Effectiveness of surgical root coverage on dentin hypersensitivity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Antezack Angéline , Ohanessian Romain , Sadowski Camille , Faure‐Brac Mathias , Brincat Arthur , Etchecopar‐Etchart Damien , Monnet‐Corti Virginie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of surgical root coverage (RC) on dentin hypersensitivity (DH) associated with gingival recession.Materials and MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted electronic literature searches in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies from January 2000 to March 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing two surgical RC techniques or a surgical RC technique with or without adjuvant were included. Meta‐analyses were performed on data provided by RCTs.ResultsThirteen RCTs with a total of 701 patients (1086 recessions) were included. The percentage of DH suppression was 70.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [64.4–76.6]; I2 = 39.2% [3.5–61.8], Q‐test = 0.02) after surgical RC. Recession reduction and percentage of RC were both statistically significantly associated with DH suppression (estimate = 0.66 [0.10–1.23], p = .022, R2 = 14.45% and estimate = 0.04 [0.01–0.08], p = .012, R2 = 29.54%, respectively). Coronally advanced flap (CAF) + connective tissue graft showed results statistically more effective than CAF + xenogeneic collagen matrix in DH suppression (73.3% [65.6–79.8] and 61.4% [51.7–70.3], respectively; p = .048).ConclusionsSuccess of surgical RC is associated with DH suppression.
Tooth loss in periodontally treated patients: A registry‐ and observation‐based analysis
Authors: Kocher Thomas , Holtfreter Birte , Priess Heinz‐Werner , Graetz Christian , Jablonowski Lukasz , Grabe Hans J. , Völzke Henry , Raedel Michael , Walter Michael H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimAccording to retrospective clinical studies, periodontal treatment retains teeth. However, evidence on the effectivity of periodontal treatment stemming from the general population is lacking.Materials and MethodsWe analysed data of periodontally treated patients from routine data of a major German national health insurance (BARMER‐MV; sub‐sample of the Federal State of Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern) and from a clinical cohort (Greifswald Approach to Individualized Medicine, GANI_MED), as well as periodontally untreated and treated participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND) with either ≥2 or ≥4 teeth with pocket depths ≥4 mm. Yearly tooth loss (YTL) estimates and incidence rates were evaluated.ResultsFor moderately to severely affected groups, YTL and incidence rates were higher in BARMER‐MV patients (0.35 and 0.18, respectively) than in untreated SHIP‐TREND controls (0.19 and 0.08, respectively). In line, treated SHIP‐TREND participants exhibited higher YTL rates than untreated SHIP‐TREND controls (0.26 vs. 0.19). For severely affected groups, results with respect to tooth loss were inconclusive regarding the beneficial effects of periodontal treatment conducted either in the university (GANI_MED data) or in the general practice.ConclusionUntil 2021, periodontal treatment performed in German general dental practices within the national health insurance system was probably not efficient in retaining more teeth in the short‐ to mid‐term. Since reimbursement schemes were changed in 2021 and now cover periodontal treatment to a much larger extent, the future will show whether these new reimbursement codes will improve the quality of periodontal treatment and whether they will lead to more long‐term tooth retainment.
Regeneration of keratinized tissue around teeth and implants following coronal repositioning of alveolar mucosa with and without a connective tissue graft: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Liñares Antonio , Rubinos Ana , Puñal Ana , Muñoz Fernando , Blanco Juan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo compare clinical and histological keratinized tissue formation around teeth and implants following coronal repositioning of alveolar mucosa with or without a connective tissue graft (CTG).Materials and MethodsIn nine beagle dogs, the third and fourth premolars (P3 and P4) were extracted from one side of the maxilla. Three months after the tooth extraction, a full‐thickness buccal flap was raised and two implants were placed in those healed areas. On the contra‐lateral side, a buccal flap was also raised at the P3 and P4 areas. Before suturing, the dogs were randomly assigned to three study groups (control, non‐keratinized tissue [NKT], and non‐keratinized tissue CTG [NKT‐CTG]). In the control group, the buccal flaps were re‐positioned around the teeth (P3 and P4) on one side, and implants on the other side, presenting an adequate band of keratinized tissue (KT). For the NKT and NKT‐CTG groups, this buccal KT was then excised. In the NKT group, the buccal flap without KT (alveolar mucosa) was re‐positioned around the teeth and implants. In the NKT‐CTG group, a CTG taken from the excised KT was sutured to the buccal alveolar mucosa and then both were re‐positioned around the teeth and implants. The clinical height of the KT was measured at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months of healing. The animals were sacrificed at 3 months, at which point the KT height was measured histologically.ResultsThe control group presented normal healing with a band of KT surrounding the teeth and implants. In the NKT and NKT‐CTG groups, a new KT band approximately 2 mm in height (measured clinically and histologically) spontaneously formed around all teeth, regardless of whether a CTG had been placed. In the NKT implant group, no new KT was observed (clinically or histologically). Around the implants in the NKT‐CTG group, a small amount of KT was formed in just two of the six implants.ConclusionsAfter surgical excision of KT, spontaneous KT is formed around teeth but not around implants, regardless of the placement of a CTG.
Precision medicine and diseases as natural kinds: An epistemological dilemma
Authors: Pietarinen Ahti‐Veikko , Stanley Donald E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground: The most important advance of precision medicine (PM) has been a specific way to define and understand disease. However, PM may fail to be therapeutically effective if diseases are natural kinds.Objective: To attest adverse consequences of treatments suggested by PM that do not generalize well.Methods: Conceptual analysis of PM; Epistemology of clinical reasoning; Cases that show diseases as natural kinds to clash with epistemology of PM.Results: Contemplation of future research options that could clarify the position of PM under the conception of diseases as natural kinds.Conclusion: Need for improved design of future interventions that better acknowledge problematic epistemology of PM.
The diagnostic ability to classify neoplasias occurring in inflammatory bowel disease by artificial intelligence and endoscopists: A pilot study
Authors: Yamamoto Shumpei , Kinugasa Hideaki , Hamada Kenta , Tomiya Masahiro , Tanimoto Takayoshi , Ohto Akimitsu , Toda Akira , Takei Daisuke , Matsubara Minoru , Suzuki Seiyu , Inoue Kosuke , Tanaka Takehiro , Hiraoka Sakiko , Okada Hiroyuki , Kawahara Yoshiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough endoscopic resection with careful surveillance instead of total proctocolectomy become to be permitted for visible low‐grade dysplasia, it is unclear how accurately endoscopists can differentiate these lesions, as classifying neoplasias occurring in inflammatory bowel disease (IBDN) is exceedingly challenging due to background chronic inflammation. We evaluated a pilot model of an artificial intelligence (AI) system for classifying IBDN and compared it with the endoscopist's ability.MethodsThis study used a deep convolutional neural network, the EfficientNet‐B3. Among patients who underwent treatment for IBDN at two hospitals between 2003 and 2021, we selected 862 non‐magnified endoscopic images from 99 IBDN lesions and utilized 6 375 352 images that were increased by data augmentation for the development of AI. We evaluated the diagnostic ability of AI using two classifications: the “adenocarcinoma/high‐grade dysplasia” and “low‐grade dysplasia/sporadic adenoma/normal mucosa” groups. We compared the diagnostic accuracy between AI and endoscopists (three non‐experts and four experts) using 186 test set images.ResultsThe diagnostic ability of the experts/non‐experts/AI for the two classifications in the test set images had a sensitivity of 60.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.5–66.3)/70.5% (95% CI: 63.8–76.6)/72.5% (95% CI: 60.4–82.5), specificity of 88.0% (95% CI: 84.7–90.8)/78.8% (95% CI: 74.3–83.1)/82.9% (95% CI: 74.8–89.2), and accuracy of 77.8% (95% CI: 74.7–80.8)/75.8% (95% CI: 72–79.3)/79.0% (95% CI: 72.5–84.6), respectively.ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of the two classifications of IBDN was higher than that of the experts. Our AI system is valuable enough to contribute to the next generation of clinical practice.
Nuclear hormone receptors in demyelinating diseases
Authors: Zorrilla Veloz Rocío I. , McKenzie Takese , Palacios Bridgitte E. , Hu Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDemyelination results from the pathological loss of myelin and is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the prevalence of demyelinating diseases, there are no disease modifying therapies that prevent the loss of myelin or promote remyelination. This review aims to summarize studies in the field that highlight the importance of nuclear hormone receptors in the promotion and maintenance of myelination and the relevance of nuclear hormone receptors as potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating diseases. These nuclear hormone receptors include the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, vitamin D receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor, liver X receptor, and retinoid X receptor. Pre‐clinical studies in well‐established animal models of demyelination have shown a prominent role of these nuclear hormone receptors in myelination through their promotion of oligodendrocyte maturation and development. The activation of the nuclear hormone receptors by their ligands also promotes the synthesis of myelin proteins and lipids in mouse models of demyelination. There are limited clinical studies that focus on how the activation of these nuclear hormone receptors could alleviate demyelination in patients with diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the completed clinical trials have reported improved clinical outcome in MS patients treated with the ligands of some of these nuclear hormone receptors. Together, the positive results from both clinical and pre‐clinical studies point to nuclear hormone receptors as promising therapeutic targets to counter demyelination.
Restoration of appearance for women after aesthetic eyelash transplantation using a novel eyelash resection technique
Authors: Chen Jian , Cui Bei , Fan Zhexiang , Yin Jiajing , Qu Qian , Wang Jin , Liu Bingcheng , Chen Ruosi , Hu Zhiqi , Miao Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHair transplantation based on the follicular unit extraction provides a new opportunity to improve the appearance of patients with congenital sparse eyelashes. However, disparity between transplanted grafts and original eyelashes and the physiological characteristics of upper eyelid skin cause difficulties with this technique and result in low satisfaction. Removal of unsatisfactory eyelashes is indispensable for restoration of appearance and a second transplantation. Unfortunately, existing methods for hair removal have variable success rates, and hairs frequently regrow.ObjectiveThis article introduces an effective method to remove unsatisfactory eyelashes in patients with congenital sparse eyelashes who have undergone eyelash transplantation.MethodsWe used a new technique, which involves resection of eyelashes with a composite strip, to remove unsatisfactory eyelashes in patients who underwent eyelash transplantation. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were recorded. Outcomes evaluated included patient satisfaction, hair regrowth, and long‐term complications.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2021, 10 patients (20 sides) underwent eyelash removal. All patients were highly satisfied with the outcomes. Unsatisfactory eyelashes were thoroughly removed, and none regrew during 1 year of follow‐up. No complications were observed.ConclusionStrip composite eyelash excision is a safe and effective method for patients who have undergone unsatisfactory eyelash transplantation.
Applied anatomy of the layers and soft tissues of the forehead during minimally‐invasive aesthetic procedures
Authors: Bravo Bruna Souza Felix , de Melo Carvalho Raquel , Penedo Lais , de Bastos Julien Totti , Calomeni Elias Mariana , Cotofana Sebastian , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Freitag Lysander , Alfertshofer Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing demand of minimally‐invasive aesthetic procedures of the forehead concomitantly leads to higher numbers of adverse events. Adequate application of anatomical knowledge is required to increase safety and efficacy of different minimally‐invasive aesthetic procedures in this anatomical region.ObjectiveTo describe the layered anatomy of the forehead soft tissues with respect to their thicknesses and how they relate to different minimally‐invasive aesthetic treatments.MethodsA total of n = 85 healthy study participants (69 females and 16 males) with a mean age of 40.84 ± 10.9 years and a mean body mass index of 22.65 ± 2.6 kg/m2 were investigated with ultrasound‐based imaging to measure the thickness of different forehead soft tissues.ResultsThe mean overall soft tissue thickness of the forehead was measured to be 4.18 ± 0.7 mm for the entire study population. Increasing BMI values correlated statistically significantly with increasing thickness of all measured forehead soft tissues with exception of the frontalis muscle. On a statistically significant level, males showed thicker forehead soft tissues than females, with exception of the retrofrontalis fat and the frontalis muscle.ConclusionOn basis of the findings obtained in this study, basic treatment principles can be derived and improved for the injection of neuromodulators, hyaluronic acid as well as the application of polydiaxonane (PDO) threads and micro‐focused ultrasound. Precise knowledge and thorough understanding of the layers and soft tissues of the forehead is required to guarantee safe and effective procedures in this aesthetically important facial region.
Hepatitis C hospitalizations in Spain and impact of new curative antiviral therapies
Authors: Ramos‐Rincon José‐Manuel , Pinargote‐Celorio Héctor , de Mendoza Carmen , Ramos‐Belinchón Clara , Barreiro Pablo , Gómez‐Gallego Félix , Corral Octavio , Soriano Vicente 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is major cause of decompensated cirrhosis and liver cancer. The advent of curative new antiviral therapies since year 2015 has dramatically improved the prognosis of HCV patients. The real‐life clinical benefits at country level of these therapies have not yet been assessed. This is a retrospective study of all hospitalizations in Spain including HCV as diagnosis using the Spanish National Registry of Hospital Discharges. Information was retrieved from 1997 to 2019. From 81,482,509 nationwide hospital admissions recorded during the study period, 1,057,582 (1.29%) included HCV as diagnosis. The median age of HCV hospitalized patients was 54 years old. Males accounted for 63.2% of cases. Most HCV admissions recorded chronic hepatitis C whereas acute hepatitis C was reported in less than 3%. In‐hospital death occurred in 6.4% of HCV admissions. Coinfection with HIV or hepatitis B virus was seen in 14.8% and 6.4%, respectively. Patients hospitalized with HIV‐HCV coinfection represented 14.8% of cases and were on average 17 years younger than HCV‐monoinfected individuals. The rate of HCV hospitalizations significantly increased until 2005, and then stabilized for one decade. A significant reduction was noticed since 2015. However, whereas the proportion of HCV‐associated hepatic decompensation events declined since then, liver cancer diagnoses increased. In conclusion, hospital admissions of HCV individuals significantly declined in Spain since 2015 following a wide prescription of new oral direct‐acting antivirals. This reduction was primarily driven by a fall of hepatic decompensation events whereas HCV‐related liver cancer continues rising.
Galectin‐3 is overexpressed in advanced cirrhosis and predicts post‐liver transplant infectious complications
Authors: Cervantes‐Alvarez Eduardo , Limon‐de la Rosa Nathaly , Vilatoba Mario , Pérez‐Monter Carlos , Hurtado‐Gomez Sahara , Martinez‐Cabrera Cynthia , Argemi Josepmaria , Alatorre‐Arenas Elisa , Yarza‐Regalado Susana , Tejeda‐Dominguez Farid , Lizardo‐Thiebaud Maria Jose , Mendez‐Guerrero Osvely , Gamboa‐Dominguez Armando , Aguilar‐Salinas Carlos A. , Huang Christene A. , Kershenobich David , Bataller Ramon , Torre Aldo , Navarro‐Alvarez Nalu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with advanced cirrhosis often have immune dysfunction and are more susceptible to infections. Galectin‐3 is a β‐galactoside‐binding lectin implicated in inflammation, immune regulation and liver fibrosis. We aim to investigate galectin‐3 expression in advanced cirrhosis and its ability to predict post‐transplant infectious complications.MethodsWe collected sera and liver samples from 129 cirrhotic patients at the time of liver transplantation and from an external cohort of 37 patients with alcoholic liver disease including alcoholic hepatitis (AH) at the time of diagnosis. Galectin‐3 was assessed by ELISA, real‐time PCR, immunohistochemistry and RNA‐seq. Receiver operating characteristic curves and Cox proportional‐hazards regression analysis were performed to assess the predictive power of galectin‐3 for disease severity and post‐transplant infections.ResultsIncreased galectin‐3 levels were found in advanced cirrhosis. Galectin‐3 significantly correlated with disease severity parameters and inflammatory markers. Galectin‐3 had significant discriminating power for compensated and advanced cirrhosis (AUC = 0.78/0.84, circulating/liver galectin‐3; p < .01), and was even higher to discriminate severe AH (AUC = 0.95, p < .0001). Cox Proportional‐hazard model showed that galectin‐3, MELD‐Na and the presence of SIRS predict the development of post‐transplant infectious complications. Patients with circulating galectin‐3 (>16.58 ng/ml) were at 2.19‐fold 95% CI (1.12–4.29) increased risk, but when combined with MELD‐Na > 20.0 and SIRS, the risk to develop post‐transplant infectious complications, increased to 4.60, 95% CI (2.38–8.90).ConclusionGalectin‐3 is a novel biological marker of active inflammation and disease severity that could be clinically useful alone or in combination with other scores to discriminate advanced cirrhosis and predict post‐transplant infectious complications.
Stool microbiota show greater linkages with plasma metabolites compared to salivary microbiota in a multinational cirrhosis cohort
Authors: Cox Isobel Jane , Peña Rodríguez Marcela , Fagan Andrew , Rojas‐Lara Mayra V. , Le Guennec Adrien , Rodriguez‐Alvarez Fatima , McGeorge Sara , Escalona‐Nandez Ivonne , Torre Aldo , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCirrhosis is associated with changes in gut microbiota in both saliva and stool. The relative linkage patterns of stool versus saliva microbiota with systemic metabolomics are unclear and may differ across countries. We hypothesized that stool microbiota have greater linkages with plasma metabolites than saliva microbiota, which may depend on country of origin.MethodsAge‐balanced controls and outpatient patients with cirrhosis, compensated and decompensated, from the USA and Mexico (MX) underwent plasma collection and dietary recall. Plasma metabolomics were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Microbiota in stool and saliva samples were analysed using 16S rRNA analyses. Correlation network differences between both saliva and stool gut microbiota and plasma metabolites were compared between subject groupings and within/between countries.ResultsA total of 313 age‐balanced subjects—135 USA (47 control, 48 compensated and 40 decompensated) and 178 MX (71 control, 56 compensated and 51 decompensated)—were enrolled. Cirrhosis severity, including lactulose and rifaximin use, were comparable. Plasma metabolites differed with advancing cirrhosis, between countries and according to 90‐day hospitalizations. Correlation networks demonstrated more microbiome–metabolite linkages in stool compared to saliva in both populations, although there were no salivary correlation metrics across decompensated subjects in either country. Stool Lactobacillus showed a positive correlation to plasma lactate in decompensated cirrhosis from MX but not USA.ConclusionsStool microbiota were more extensively linked with systemic metabolites than were saliva microbiota, irrespective of cirrhosis severity and country. These changes were more prominent in decompensated cirrhosis and were centred around plasma lactate, which might reflect the interaction of diet and lactulose therapy.