bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are we underestimating urinary retention following intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA in women with overactive bladder and a history of prior pelvic surgery?
Authors: Holmes Angela , Kelsey Ellen , Wombwell Amy , Molesworth Charlotte , McLeod Kathryn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study's purpose is to review the rates of urinary retention requiring intermittent catheterization (IC) post intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTN/A) injection for idiopathic overactive bladder from a single practicing specialist urological surgeon.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of a single Australian urologist to identify the rate of intermittent catheterization in our clinical setting. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between requirement of IC and risk factors for urinary retention.ResultsNinety‐four patients were included after inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and the average age was 69.7 years (SD 17.2) and all participants were female. Thirty‐six percent (n = 34) of patients required IC. Of patients requiring IC, 32% had a prior urethral sling, 35% had prior vaginal prolapse surgery, and 29% had a preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI). There was strong evidence of univariate associations between IC and prior sling (odds ratio [OR]: 5.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–16.55, p = 0.005), preoperative UTI (OR: 4.25, 95% CI: 1.31–13.08, p = 0.016) and prior vaginal prolapse surgery (OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.64–14.72, p = 0.005). Evidence that prior sling patients were more likely to require IC remained strong in a multivariable model (OR: 7.35, 95% CI: 1.59–34.11, p = 0.011).ConclusionPrior urethral sling surgery, prior vaginal prolapse surgery, and positive preoperative UTI, despite treatment, were found to be associated with a higher rate of initiation of intermittent catheterization. The rate of IC initiation of 36% was higher than reported in prior clinical trials.
d‐mannosuria levels measured 1 h afterd‐mannose intake can select out favorable responders: A pilot study
Authors: Fan Ethan , Dashti Marjan , Fuentes Jorge , Reitzer Larry , Christie Alana L. , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundd‐mannose is used as preventive measure against recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs). We studied
d‐mannosuria after a challenge test to identify favorable responders that could be targeted for long‐term preventive therapy.Material and MethodsFollowing institutional review board approval, women attending a specialized tertiary care center urology clinic with a history of RUTIs were invited to participate by providing a urine sample (baseline), followed by the intake of home‐dose d‐mannose, and a second urine sample 1 h later (post). Urine samples were processed according to a
d‐mannosuria assay technique reported previously by our group.
d‐mannose concentrations were normalized to urinary creatinine.ResultsFrom July 2020 to March 2021, 26 patients met study criteria. Thirteen had a lower or unchanged ratio of baseline to post d‐mannose, whereas 13 were responders. Among 19 taking 2 g, 12 had a lower or unchanged trend and 7 were responders with >20% increase in the
d‐mannose/creatinine ratio. Comparison of urinary baseline
d‐mannose/creatinine ratios was significantly different between the responder (mean = 0.337 ± 0.158) and nonresponder (mean = 0.692 ± 0.444; p = 0.016) groups. Urinary post
d‐mannose/creatinine ratios did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.46).
d‐mannose‐naïve patients had few responders, and age and urinary creatinine did not affect the findings.ConclusionThis preliminary study on d‐mannose challenge tests indicates a urine response if urinary
d‐mannose/creatinine ratio is low, which it was in some women with a history of RUTIs.
Dietary and nutrition considerations in caring for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Updates for the practicing clinician
Authors: Newberry Carolyn , Kumar Sonal 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting up to one‐third of the global population. The disease is defined by excess fat deposition in the liver and has a strong correlation with metabolic syndrome, which, in turn, is also a risk factor for disease progression, including the development of steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although a number of medications are being explored for disease mitigation, nothing is currently approved, and the mainstay of therapy remains dietary and lifestyle intervention that promotes weight loss as well as management of comorbid conditions. The landscape that guides care for patients with NAFLD continues to evolve. Clinicians caring for these patients need to consider underlying disease state and nutrition risk in addition to concurrent related diagnoses, such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia, when formulating treatment plans. The following is a comprehensive review of the current dietary and nutrition considerations in the management of patients with NAFLD, with a special emphasis on implications for the practicing clinician.
Properties and characterization of carrot nanocellulose/starch biopolymer nanocomposites
Authors: Hosseinvand Niloofar , Eslahi Niloofar , Abbasian Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to produce bio‐nanocomposites for potential food packaging applications, nanocellulose (NC) was extracted from carrot pulp and different weight fractions of NC (5, 7, and 10 wt%) were incorporated into corn starch, either with or without thyme extract, using the solvent casting process. The particle size of the extracted NC (200–300 nm) was determined using the dynamic light scattering test, and field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of the NC, which was successfully extracted from carrot. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated excellent chemical interactions between the starch and NC. According to SEM images of starch‐NC nanocomposites, uniform dispersion of NC into starch was observed for all formulations. Besides, increasing the proportion of NC up to 10 wt% enhanced the tensile strength of starch nanocomposites by 280%. Since the incorporation of NC into starch increased the crystallinity index of the samples, the water absorption capacity and oxygen transmittance rate tests showed that the presence of NC reduced water and oxygen gas diffusion into the starch matrix. Furthermore, thyme‐loaded nanocomposite had remarkable antimicrobial activity, particularly in the case of gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), as it expanded the bacteria's inhibitory zone by about 10 mm compared with those without an antibacterial agent. Finally, the fabricated bio‐nanocomposites exhibited balanced mechanical characteristics, perfect gas and water barrier properties, as well as promising antibacterial activity for use in the food packaging industry.
Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication
Authors: Chu Jia Sheng , Koay Seong Chun , Chan Ming Yeng , Choo Hui Leng , Ong Thai Kiat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research focused on developing recycled polymer blend filament from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and single‐use polypropylene container for fuse filament fabrication (FFF). In this work, recycled polystyrene (rPS)/recycled polypropylene (rPP) blend was extruded into filament for FFF printing. The increase in printing temperature obviously reduced the air gaps and improved the interlayer adhesion. However, the printed specimen only exhibited optimum tensile strength at printing temperature of 230°C. The printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 80/20 blend ratio showed the lowest tensile strength due to poor printed layers adhesion caused by incompatibility of polymer blend. However, printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 50/50 blend ratio could achieve optimum strength of 32 MPa. The micrographs proved that the voids in printed specimen were smaller or absent when the printing temperature and rPP content in the blend was increased. This means that the increase in print temperature and rPP content displayed a positive effect on the printed specimens. The effect of blend ratio had significantly increased melt flow and crystallinity of rPS/rPP blend when the rPP content was increased in the blend. However, the increase of melt flow and crystallinity led to noticeable warpage on the printed specimen.
AlInP‐passivated III–V solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy
Authors: Boyer Jacob T. , Schulte Kevin L. , Young Matthew R. , Ptak Aaron J. , Simon John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report the development of AlInP‐passivated solar cells grown by dynamic hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy (D‐HVPE) with AM1.5G efficiencies of 26.0% for single‐junction (1J) GaAs cells and 28.0% for GaInP/GaAs (2J) tandems. We compare the device performance of solar cells passivated with AlInP versus control cells passivated with GaInP, which has already enabled near‐unity carrier collection in GaAs solar cells. 1J devices passivated with either AlInP or GaInP have an identical open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.06 V and long‐wavelength current collection near 95%, indicating that both window materials provide a similar degree of passivation. Adding AlInP passivation to each solar cell structure improves the current collection by 1.3 and 1 mA/cm2 for the 1J and 2J, respectively. The AlInP also results in a top cell VOC boost of ~40 mV relative to a tandem device passivated only by a thin, highly doped GaInP emitter. Secondary‐ion mass spectrometry measurements indicate that although O and Si both incorporate in the AlInP window, they do not appear in the subsequently grown absorber layers and do not impact its ability to passivate the front surface. We expect that these achievements, along with continued optimization, will enable parity of hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy (HVPE)‐grown device efficiencies with state‐of‐the‐art devices grown by other epitaxial methods in the near future.
External validation can provide the clinician with IOS equations that best predict the risk of uncontrolled asthma in their population
Authors: Morphew Tricia , Tirakitsoontorn Pornchai , Galant Stanley P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral airway impairment (PAI) has been shown to have a close association to risk of uncontrolled asthma in children. However, clear methods have not been established for the clinician to select impulse oscillometry (IOS) reference equations best suited for their population. Our study aimed to develop a practical external validation analytic approach for the clinician to determine which of the available reference equations best predicts uncontrolled asthma for their patients.MethodsThis is a post hoc analyses of data collected at baseline in a randomized controlled study that occurred from March 2016 to 2018. The study population consisted of 227 children, ages 4−18 years, with moderate to severe asthma. Discrimination and calibration predictive performance of available and suitable IOS equations were assessed by using uncontrolled asthma as the criterion outcome. Discrimination statistics of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity served as the primary performance indicators. Rank scores were determined by the number of acceptable limit thresholds met for these measures (≥60%, ≥50%, and ≥60%, respectively) across IOS metrics (R5, R5‐R20, AX, and X5) resulting in a total possible score of 12.ResultsExternal validity assessment determined the rank order of best to worst equations as being Gochicoa‐Rangel (rank score = 10) > Nowowiejska (rank score = 9) > Assumapcao (rank score = 6) > Amra (rank score = 2). Gochicoa‐Rangel reference equations provided the best option for universal application with accuracy of 73.1%, 72.2%, 76.7%, and 66.2% for R5, R5‐R20, AX, and X5, respectively.ConclusionsExternal validation, particularly discrimination in asthmatic children, offers the clinician a practical approach to selecting the most suitable predictive equations for their patients.
Application and mechanisms of metal‐based nanoparticles in the control of bacterial and fungal crop diseases
Authors: Li Yuanbo , Zhang Peng , Li Mingshu , Shakoor Noman , Adeel Muhammad , Zhou Pingfan , Guo Manlin , Jiang Yaqi , Zhao Weichen , Lou BenZhen , Rui Yukui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanotechnology is a young branch of the discipline generated by nanomaterials. Its development has greatly contributed to technological progress and product innovation in the field of agriculture. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to develop nanopesticides for plant protection. Plant diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infestations are the main types of crop diseases. Once infected, they will seriously threaten crop growth, reduce yield and quality, and affect food safety, posing a health risk to humans. We reviewed the application of metal‐based nanoparticles in inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi, and discuss the antibacterial mechanisms of metal‐based nanoparticles from two aspects: the direct interaction between nanoparticles and pathogens, and the indirect effects of inducing plant resilience to disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Seasonal turnover and insights into the overwintering biology of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in the Canadian Prairies
Authors: Drahun Ivan , Poole Elise A. , Hunt Katherine A. , van Herk Willem G. , LeMoine Christophe M. , Cassone Bryan J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe long‐lived terricolous larvae of click beetles, colloquially called wireworms, pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. Several economically important pest species have been documented in the Canadian Prairies, including Hypnoidus bicolor, Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus abbreviatus. However, most monitoring activities are performed in the early spring and there is evidence from other geographical regions of seasonal shifts in wireworm species composition and prevalence. Further, little is known about the overwintering physiology or behaviors of wireworms, which undoubtedly contribute to their population dynamics.RESULTSWe surveyed wireworm populations from four Manitoban fields six times throughout the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. Both Hypnoidus species were active throughout the spring and summer; however, L. californicus did not become active until later in the spring. Chill‐coma recovery assays indicated Hypnoidus species recovered quicker than L. californicus from cold acclimation. Vertical migration assays simulating progressively lower ambient temperatures experienced by overwintering larvae identified H. bicolor throughout the soil profile, with L. californicus preferentially found at cooler, shallower depths. We speculate that these differences in species distribution within the soil column are due to the higher levels of putative cryoprotectants (for example, trehalose, sorbitol, glucose, glycerol) in L. californicus, as identified by targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.CONCLUSIONOur findings of a stark seasonal turnover in wireworm species prevalence and composition in the Canadian Prairies should be incorporated into future integrated pest management and surveillance activities. This study also advances our understanding of wireworm overwintering biology, which should be factored into current management approaches. © 2022 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada. Pest Management Science © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.
Socio‐spatial negotiations in Lisbon: Reflections of working‐aged lifestyle migrants on place and privilege
Authors: Molina Caminero Lea , McGarrigle Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the context of inequalities inherent in regimes of mobility and the rapid transformation of Lisbon by increased tourism and transnational mobility, this paper seeks to foreground under‐the‐radar narratives of young working‐aged middle‐class migrants on their socio‐spatial positioning in the city. Situated at the nexus of youth mobilities and lifestyle migration, our objective is to examine the stratifications and diversities present within lifestyle migration to the city by focusing on migration motivations and migrants' own reflections on their place‐making strategies and privilege in the city. Based on 10 narrative interviews and participant observation in transnational hangouts, our results reveal how the creation of “alternative” lifestyles is hinged on both mobility practices and local moorings as young movers reinvent themselves professionally in the place of arrival. Our results show that they negotiate their place and social position through (i) balancing place‐consumption practices between what is construed as the transnational and the local and (ii) by situating themselves outside of the subjective residential geography of privileged migrants. This is part of a moral code to appease their political conscience and justify their presence in a city that has been rapidly transformed by tourism and other transient populations.
Discovery of metabolic markers for the discrimination of Helwingia species based on bioactivity evaluation, plant metabolomics, and network pharmacology
Authors: Wang Chenxi , Chen Hao , Song Shaofei , Chen Biying , Li Rongrong , Fu Zhifei , Zhang Zhonglian , Wang Qilong , Han Lifeng 
Published: October 2022

RationaleHelwingia japonica (HJ), a traditional medicinal plant, is commonly used for the treatment of dysentery, blood in the stool, and scald burns. Three major HJ species, Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) Dietr. (QJY), Helwingia himalaica Hook. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke, and Helwingia chinensis Batal., share great similarities in both morphology and chemical constituents. The discrimination of medicinal plants directly affects their pharmacological and clinical effects. Here, we solved the taxonomy uncertainty of these three HJ species and explored the discrimination and study of other traditional medicines (TMs).MethodsFirst, the anti‐inflammatory effects of the three HJ species were compared using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory responses in mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophage (RAW) 264.7 cells. Then, plant metabolomics were performed in 48 batches of samples to discover chemical markers for discriminating different HJ species. Finally, network pharmacology was applied to explore the linkages among constituents, targets, and signaling pathways.ResultsIn vitro experiments showed that the QJY exhibited the most potential anti‐inflammatory activities. Meanwhile, 172 compounds were tentatively identified and eight metabolites with higher relative content in QJY were designated as chemical markers to distinguish QJY and the other two species. According to the property of absorbed in vivo, threonic acid, arginine, and tyrosine were selected to construct a component–target–pathway network. The network pharmacology analysis confirmed that the chemotaxonomy differentiation was consistent with the bioactive assessment.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that bioactivity evaluation integrated with plant metabolomics and network pharmacology could be used as an effective approach to discriminate different TMs and discover the active compounds.
Online education viewed through an equity lens: Promoting engagement and success for all learners
Authors: Farley Irish A. , Burbules Nicholas C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEducational technologies have the potential to expand access to education to a wider range of people, including those currently without access to high‐quality learning opportunities. However, this promise is largely unfulfilled (see S. Protopsaltis and S. Baum, Does online education live up to its promise? A look at the evidence and implications for federal policy, 2019, Center for Educational Policy Evaluation). Although technology can remove some barriers, it can also have the opposite effect, creating new inequalities. This meta‐synthesis summarises the main findings from current research that documents both structural and instructional barriers; and proposes research‐supported best practices in online course design and instruction in order to promote greater student satisfaction and success.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyOnline and blended education has the potential to expand educational opportunities for diverse learners; unfortunately, some aspects of online and blended learning environments can be disadvantageous to certain learners, and instructors need to keep this in mind.Why the new findings matterThis review summarises the best research‐supported design principles for equitable online learning environments.Implications for practitionersWe discuss first structural issues: environmental, technical and social factors that practically impede access to equitable online learning for many learners (for example, inadequate access to WiFi connectivity). Our main focus in the paper, however, are instructional impediments and specific strategies for addressing them: these are organised under strategies for course design and organisation; strategies for course content; strategies for more social presence and interaction; and strategies for more instructor presence and connection with students.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus shedding in seropositive pregnant women
Authors: Sapuan Shari , Theodosiou Anastasia A. , Strang Blair L. , Heath Paul T. , Jones Christine E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in an individual's bodily fluid by culture techniques or through HCMV DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction, is known as HCMV shedding. Human cytomegalovirus shedding has the potential to transmit HCMV infection, where an individual can become infected with HCMV through contact with the bodily fluid of another individual containing HCMV. Human cytomegalovirus shedding can occur in primary infection and in non‐primary infection for individuals with prior infection (HCMV seropositive). Human cytomegalovirus infection causes few or no symptoms in a pregnant woman, but can cause significant harm to her foetus if congenital CMV (cCMV) infection occurs. The association between HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive pregnant women and the vertical transmission of HCMV to result in cCMV infection is poorly investigated, challenged by a limited understanding of the distribution of HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive pregnant women. We systematically reviewed the published literature to describe the prevalence of HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive women during pregnancy up to delivery. This analysis identified nine studies that met our eligibility criteria. In these studies, the prevalence of HCMV shedding in any bodily fluid of HCMV seropositive women during pregnancy and at delivery ranged from 0% to 42.5%. A meta‐analysis, performed on six of the nine studies with suitable sample sizes, estimated a pooled prevalence of 21.5% [95% CI 12.7%,30.3%]. To our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically search the literature to summarise the prevalence of HCMV shedding in HCMV seropositive pregnant women. These estimates can help in the development of disease burden models and therapeutic or preventative strategies against cCMV infection in the context of non‐primary maternal HCMV infection.