bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Böckenförde’s “A Christian in the Office of Constitutional Judge” - Discussed: Religion, Law, and Democracy: Selected Writings. By Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 480. $65.00 (cloth); Oxford Scholarship Online by subscription (digital). ISBN: 9780198818632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.
Authors: Pangalangan Raul C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the essay “A Christian in the Office of Constitutional Judge,” Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde addresses the dilemma of the Catholic judge who is sworn to apply a secular constitution yet who confesses to a “spirituality [that] knows no separation between the personal-private and the occupational spheres.” Böckenförde faced that dilemma in the 1993 abortion decision of the German Constitutional Court, which—with Böckenförde voting with the majority—held that abortion, while still punishable, allowed exceptions subject to certain conditions and counselling requirements. In this essay, the author situates that issue within the nature of judicial power and the ethical duties of the judge; the jurisdictional constraints that in other jurisdictions are available to avoid normative conflicts; and, finally, the challenges to judicial power when called upon to validate laws that go beyond the traditional punitive approach that merely prohibits and condemns, and that instead use welfare measures to actualize substantive norms taking into account social and historical realities.
Marine parasite in a freshwater wetland: new host and geographical records of Progrillotia dasyatidis (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from Gasterosteus aculeatus (Actinopterygii: Gasterosteidae) in Bulgaria, with comments on its life-cycle
Authors: Stoyanov B. , Georgiev B.B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plerocerci of the trypanorhynch cestode Progrillotia dasyatidis Beveridge, Neifar & Euzet, 2004 (Progrillotiidae) were isolated from the gallbladder of the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus from a small freshwater marsh in the Lake Atanasovsko Wetlands, a coastal area adjacent to the Black Sea coast, Bulgaria. The parasite was recorded in five out of 134 fish individuals studied (prevalence 3.73%, intensity 1–7, mean intensity 2.40 ± 1.17 and mean abundance 0.09 ± 0.06). A description of the plerocerci is presented, expanding data on intraspecific variation. The present report is the first record of P. dasyatidis from G. aculeatus (new host record) and from Bulgaria (new geographical record). Recording only plerocerci with evaginated scoleces in the sticklebacks is consistent with the hypothesis that teleosts are paratenic hosts and not intermediate hosts of P. dasyatidis.
Democratic Deliberation and the Resource Curse
Authors: Sandefur Justin , Birdsall Nancy , Fishkin James , Moyo Mujobu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOil and gas discoveries in developing countries are often associated with shortsighted economic policies and, in response, with calls to insulate resource management from populist impulses. The authors report on a randomized experiment that tested methods to overcome this apparent tension between sound resource governance and democratic politics. Soon after Tanzania's discovery of major natural gas reserves, the authors invited a nationally representative sample of voters to take part in an intensive public deliberation of policy options, at an event featuring nationally recognized experts and small-group discussions. Democratic deliberation reinforced the public's strong preference for rapid spending of gas revenues, but also increased support for various prudential and economically orthodox measures, such as the independent oversight of gas revenues, limits on government borrowing, and selling gas abroad rather than subsidizing fuel at home. These effects were driven by deliberation per se, rather than a pure information treatment, and show no evidence of contamination by facilitator effects or peer effects in group deliberations.
What's Political about Political Refugeehood? A Normative Reappraisal
Authors: Bender Felix 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat is political about political refugeehood? Theorists have assumed that refugees are special because their specific predicament as those who are persecuted sets them aside from other “necessitous strangers.” Persecution is a special form of wrongful harm that marks the repudiation of a person's political membership and that cannot—contrary to certain other harms—be remedied where they are. It makes asylum necessary as a specific remedial institution. In this article, I argue that this is correct. Yet, the connection between political membership, its repudiation, and persecution is far from clear. Drawing on normative political thought and research on autocracies, repression, and migration studies, I show that it is political oppression that marks the repudiation of political membership and leads to various forms of repression that can equally not be remedied at home. A truly political account moves away from persecution and endorses political oppression as the normative pillar of refugeehood and asylum.
Susceptibility to peer influence in adolescents: Associations between psychophysiology and behavior
Authors: Meehan Zachary M. , Hubbard Julie A. , Moore Christina C. , Mlawer Fanny 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated in-the-moment links between adolescents’ autonomic nervous system activity and susceptibility to three types of peer influence (indirect, direct, continuing) on two types of behavior (antisocial, prosocial). The sample included 144 racially ethnically diverse adolescents (46% male, 53% female, 1% other;Mage = 16.02 years). We assessed susceptibility to peer influence behaviorally using the Public Goods Game (PGG) while measuring adolescents’ mean heart rate (MHR) and pre-ejection period (PEP). Three key findings emerged from bivariate dual latent change score modeling: (1) adolescents whose MHR increased more as they transitioned from playing the PGG alone (pre-influence) to playing while simply observed by peers (indirect influence) displayed more prosocial behavior; (2) adolescents whose PEP activity increased more (greater PEP activity = shorter PEP latency) as they transitioned from indirect influence to being encouraged by peers to engage in antisocial behavior (direct influence) engaged in more antisocial behavior; and (3) adolescents whose PEP activity decreased less as they transitioned from direct influence on prosocial behavior to playing the PGG alone again (continuing influence) displayed more continuing prosocial behavior (marginal effect). The discussion focuses on the role of psychophysiology in understanding adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.
Pooled Urine Analysis at a Belgian Music Festival: Trends in Alcohol Consumption and Recreational Drug Use
Authors: Geuens Marjolein , Van Hoofstadt Kathleen , Hoogmartens Olivier , Van den Eede Nele , Sabbe Marc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Recreational drug use has become more and more accepted in society. Availability and purity are rising and new psychoactive substances (NPS) are popping up.The aim of this study was to provide objective data on illicit drug use at a Belgian festival in order to report on arising trends. This may provide additional information to help develop preventive strategies.Methods:A cross-sectional study took place during a music festival in the summer of 2019, where 43 samples of pooled urine were collected at four different locations and at different moments of the day. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to determine ethanol concentrations. Drugs of abuse were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A qualitative analysis was performed using high-resolution mass spectrometry.Results:Median ethanol concentration was 0.88g/L. Cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamines, ketamine, and cannabis were detected in almost every sample and often in high concentrations. Furthermore, two NPS were detected and a variety of over-the-counter medication and adulterants were also found.Discussion:The findings were largely in-line with trends outlined in the European Drug Report. Striking were the relatively high concentrations of MDMA and ketamine and detection of two synthetic cathinones. Two possible adulterants of cocaine were detected, namely flecainide and amlodipine.Conclusion:Music festivals are considered a high-risk setting for alcohol consumption and illicit drug use. Analysis of pooled urine samples at a festival therefore provides a valuable method to evaluate trends and to screen for new substances. Wide-spread use of classical drugs and identification of two NPS were observed during a major international music festival in Belgium. Results need to be interpreted carefully, taking into account the possibilities and limitations of the used techniques and a standardized sampling is required.
Ultra-processed food consumption and dietary, lifestyle and social determinants: a path analysis in Brazilian graduates (CUME project)
Authors: Mattar Jéssica Bevenuto , Domingos Ana Luiza Gomes , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , Juvanhol Leidjaira Lopes , de Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Pimenta Adriano Marçal , Bressan Josefina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:To explore the relationship between ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and dietary, lifestyle and social determinants using pathway analysis in the baseline of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME project).Design:Cross-sectional study, in which path analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect effects of dietary practices, sleep, time on the computer and professional status on UPF consumption.Setting:Data were collected in 2016, through an online questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary practices questions, and a FFQ.Participants:Baseline participants from the CUME Project (n 2826), adults who graduated from Universidade Federal de Viçosa or Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.Results:Being employed (P = 0·024), the time spent on the computer (P = 0·031) and the frequency of fried food intake (P < 0·001) were positively and directly associated with UPF consumption, whereas the sleep duration (P = 0·007) and the number of meals per d (P < 0·001) were negatively and directly associated with UPF consumption. Indirect effects were observed between being employed, mediated by the sleep duration (P = 0·032) and fried food intake (P = 0·005), whereas being a student is mediated by the time on the computer (P = 0·048).Conclusion:The time spent on the computer, sleep duration and fried food consumption showed direct effects on UPF consumption. They also acted as mediators on the relationship between professional status and UPF consumption. Besides, the number of meals eaten each day also was directly associated with UPF consumption.
Abiogenesis: the Carter argument reconsidered
Authors: Whitmire Daniel P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe observation of life on Earth is commonly believed to be uninformative regarding the probability of abiogenesis on other Earth-like planets. This belief is based on the selection effect of our existence. We necessarily had to find ourselves on a planet where abiogenesis occurred, thus nothing can be inferred about the probability of abiogenesis from this observation alone. This argument was first formalized in a Bayesian framework by Brandon Carter. Though we definitely had to find ourselves on a planet where abiogenesis occurred, I argue here that (1) the Carter conclusion is based on what is known as the ‘Old Evidence Problem’ in Bayesian Confirmation Theory and that (2) taking this into account, the observation of life on Earth is not neutral but evidence that abiogenesis on Earth-like planets is relatively easy. I then give an independent timescale argument that quantifies the prior probabilities, leading to the inference that the timescale for abiogenesis is less than the planetary habitability timescale and therefore the occurrence of abiogenesis on Earth-like planets is not rare.
Psychometrische Evaluation der deutschen Version des Substance Use Recovery Evaluator (SURE)
Authors: Reichl Daniela , Enewoldsen Niklas , Berking Matthias , Fuhrmann Lukas , Lang Catharina , Saur Sebastian , Weisel Kiona K. , Steins-Loeber Sabine 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung: Konsumvariablen und Abstinenz scheinen unzureichend zur Erfassung der Genesung bei Personen mit einer Alkoholkonsumstörung. Stattdessen rücken patientenzentrierte Indikatoren wie die Lebensqualität zunehmend in den Vordergrund. Um den Forderungen adäquater Messinstrumente gerecht zu werden, wurde der Substance Use Recovery Evaluator von Neale et al. (2016 ) übersetzt und in verschiedenen Stichproben mit Alkoholkonsumstörung nach Entzugsbehandlung psychometrisch evaluiert. In der ersten Teilstichprobe ( n = 135) wurde explorativ die Faktorenstruktur identifiziert sowie Reliabilitäts- und Validitätsmaße (Zusammenhänge mit Alkoholkonsum, Craving und gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität) berechnet. In der zweiten Stichprobe ( n = 120) wurde die gefundene Struktur konfirmatorisch geprüft. Das Verfahren erwies sich als reliabel und valide. Die im Original vorgeschlagene fünffaktorielle Struktur zeigte einen guten Fit, wenn auch in der vorliegenden Studie eine dreifaktorielle Struktur etwas geeigneter erschien. Diese Ergebnisse wurden in einer dritten Stichprobe ( n = 224) größtenteils gestützt. Trotz Limitationen (z. B. kleine Stichprobe) erwies sich der deutsche SURE als psychometrisch abgesicherter Indikator der Genesung von einer Alkoholkonsumstörung.
Psychometrische Überprüfung des Berufswahl- und Laufbahnplanungsinstruments Explorix
Authors: Hell Benedikt , Buri Fabian 
Published: September 2022

Zusammenfassung. Das Instrument Explorix, eine Adaptation des Testverfahrens Self-Directed Search (SDS) von John Holland für den deutschsprachigen Raum, wird in einer Serie von Analysen psychometrisch evaluiert. Grundlage ist ein Datensatz mit N = 40 053 (56 % weiblich) Personen. Aufbauend auf Item- und Skalenanalysen werden eine Multitrait-Multimethod-Analyse, konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen sowie weitere Methoden zur Prüfung der zugrundeliegenden Strukturhypothese angewendet. Die Item- und Skalenqualität erfüllt oder übertrifft in weiten Teilen die Anforderungen an die Qualität psychometrischer Verfahren. Die MTMM-Analyse und auch die Faktorenanalysen untermauern überdies die konvergente und divergente Validität der verschiedenen Testabschnitte. Schwächen zeigt Explorix im Hinblick auf die zugrundeliegende Strukturhypothese sowie in der Berücksichtigung neuer Berufs- und Interessenfelder.
Measuring and Attributing Sedimentary and Geomorphic Responses to Modern Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: East Amy E. , Warrick Jonathan A. , Li Dongfeng , Sankey Joel B. , Redsteer Margaret H. , Gibbs Ann E. , Coe Jeffrey A. , Barnard Patrick L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractToday, climate change is affecting virtually all terrestrial and nearshore settings. This commentary discusses the challenges of measuring climate‐driven physical landscape responses to modern global warming: short and incomplete data records, land use and seismicity masking climatic effects, biases in data availability and resolution, and signal attenuation in sedimentary systems. We identify opportunities to learn from historical and paleo data, select especially sensitive study sites, and report null results to better characterize the extent and nuances of climate‐change effects. We then discuss efforts to improve attribution practices, which will lead to better predictive capabilities. We encourage the Earth‐science community to prioritize scientific research on climate‐driven physical landscape changes so that societies will be better prepared to manage the effects on health and safety, infrastructure, water–food–energy security, economics, and ecosystems that follow from climate‐driven physical landscape change.
Sensitivity of Sea Ice Growth to Snow Properties in Opposing Regions of the Weddell Sea in Late Summer
Authors: Arndt Stefanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe sensitivity of sea ice to the contrasting seasonal and perennial snow properties in the southeastern and northwestern Weddell Sea is not yet considered in sea ice model and satellite remote sensing applications. However, the analysis of physical snowpack properties in late summer in recent years reveals a high fraction of melt‐freeze forms resulting in significant higher snow densities in the northwestern than in the eastern Weddell Sea. The resulting lower thermal conductivity of the snowpack, which is only half of what has been previously assumed in models in the eastern Weddell Sea, reduces the sea ice bottom growth by 18 cm during winter. In the northwest, however, the potentially formed snow ice thickness of 22 cm at the snow/ice interface contributes to additional 7 cm of thermodynamic ice growth at the bottom. This sensitivity study emphasizes the enormous impact of unappreciated regional differences in snowpack properties on the thermodynamic ice growth.
Quantifying Seasonal Particulate Organic Carbon Concentrations and Export Potential in the Southwestern Ross Sea Using Autonomous Gliders
Authors: Meyer Meredith G. , Jones Randolph M. , Smith Walker O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo assess the temporal biological and hydrographic features of the southwestern Ross Sea, we deployed a glider in a spatially restricted, ice‐free area during the austral summer (1 December–6 February), and quantified from sensor measurements the particulate organic carbon (POC; via particulate backscatter) concentrations, their changes through time, and net community production (NCP; via dissolved O2 concentrations). The POC levels could be divided into three distinct phases (I, II, and III, respectively) characterized by changes in NCP, surface‐layer POC concentrations, remineralization, and export. Surface POC concentrations increased from 215 mg C m−3 in early December to a peak of >400 mg C m−3 by mid‐December, before decreasing to 227 mg C m−3 in late January–early February. NCP was highly variable throughout the summer, becoming maximal in mid‐December. By constructing a carbon budget, we estimated rates of change of POC and export potential to the mesopelagic in each phase. Changes in euphotic zone POC concentrations and NCP suggested that the system is slightly net autotrophic during the observational period (average NCP is 0.05 g C m−2 d−1), and POC removal from the top 240 m of the water column averaged 0.22 g C m−2 d−1. Our data confirm that the southern Ross Sea during the ice‐free season is a high productivity, low export system while providing high‐resolution POC dynamics that had not been previously observed. Although the Ross Sea is a site of substantial carbon fixation, there remains an incomplete understanding both of the processes involved in export and the rates and controls of remineralization.
Evaluation of Ocean Biogeochemistry and Carbon Cycling in CMIP Earth System Models With the International Ocean Model Benchmarking (IOMB) Software System
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Moore J. Keith , Primeau Francois , Collier Nathan , Ogunro Oluwaseun O. , Hoffman Forrest M. , Randerson James T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe International Ocean Model Benchmarking (IOMB) software package is a new community resource that we use here to evaluate surface and upper ocean biogeochemical variables and integrated anthropogenic carbon uptake from earth system models (ESMs) contributing to the 5th and 6th phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6). IOMB generates graphics and tables for systematically comparing model predictions against multiple datasets. Our analysis reveals some improvement in the multi‐model mean from CMIP5 to CMIP6 for most of the variables we examined. Compared to data‐constrained estimates of ocean anthropogenic carbon uptake for the 1994–2007 period, negative biases exist for many models between 30 and 50°S. Global model estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake for the same period do not change significantly from CMIP5 to CMIP6, with the combined ensemble mean estimate of 27.8 ± 0.5 Pg C lower than a data‐constrained estimate of 33.0 ± 4.0 Pg C. At the same time, the change in the natural carbon inventory from CMIP is estimated to be a source of 0.7 ± 0.3 Pg C, which is considerably smaller in magnitude than a data‐constrained estimate of 5.0 ± 3.0 Pg C. With chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) predictions available for several models, we demonstrate that negative anthropogenic dissolved inorganic carbon biases coincide with negative biases in CFC concentration, highlighting the importance of weak exchange between the surface and interior ocean in regulating rates of anthropogenic carbon uptake. To examine the robustness of this attribution across the CMIP models, we calculate the global vertical temperature gradient between 200 and 1,000 m as a metric for global stratification and exchange between the surface and deeper waters. We find a linear relationship between the bias of the vertical temperature gradients and the bias in global anthropogenic carbon uptake, consistent with the hypothesis that model biases in anthropogenic carbon uptake are related to biases in surface‐to‐interior exchange by physical processes.
Systematic Investigation of Corner Flow Impact in Forced Imbibition
Authors: Liu Yang , Berg Steffen , Ju Yang , Wei Wei , Kou Jisheng , Cai Jianchao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImbibition in porous media plays a crucial role in many engineering and industrial processes, such as enhanced oil recovery and groundwater contamination remediation. Due to the instabilities at the two‐phase interface, the defending fluids in these processes are often not effectively displaced. Therefore, it is of great significance to study imbibition in natural rocks at the pore scale, especially under the completely wetting and viscously unfavorable conditions due to their contribution to interfacial instability. In this work, numerical simulations of forced imbibition in three natural rocks are carried out at four different injection rates based on the color lattice Boltzmann model. The interfacial evolution and in situ fluid distribution are analyzed from several perspectives. Results show that as the capillary number, expressed in logarithms, varies from −2.5 to −4.0, the flow characteristics of the invading fluid change from leading films on the solid surface of large pores to corner flow along the pore corners of pores with different sizes, the dominant pore filling event changes from ganglion dynamics to snap‐off trapping, and the morphology of the displacement front changes from viscous fingering to a rough but uniform characteristic. These changes at the two‐phase interface determine the fluid distribution and fluid structure, controlling the microscopic displacement efficiency, interface area and fluid connectivity. This work systematically investigates for imbibition of the local and global flow physics and dynamics, the mechanical nature and the resulting effects of interfacial instability under unfavorable conditions, which help to deepen our understanding of the microscopic mechanism of forced imbibition.