bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TMBvsABTS: comparison of multi‐enzyme‐based approaches for the colorimetric quantification of salivary glucose
Authors: Ornelas‐González Alonso , Rito‐Palomares Marco , González‐González Mirna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiabetes is one of the fastest‐growing health problems of recent times. Its diagnosis, monitoring and control are carried out mainly by glucose quantification in blood samples, which can be a traumatic and painful procedure for many patients. Saliva is an emerging diagnostic biofluid for minimally invasive disease diagnosis. Its collection can be performed through a simple, noninvasive and painless procedure that does not require qualified personnel. This project aimed to develop, standardize and compare two enzyme‐based approaches (TMB and ABTS) for the colorimetric quantification of salivary glucose.RESULTSThe obtained results with both dyes revealed the suitability of these systems for glucose quantification under buffer conditions, displaying excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) and precision (CV < 1%), and high glucose specificity. Furthermore, the TMB system was able to quantify not only glucose in human saliva samples, showing a low read‐out variability (CV < 3%), but also glucose changes (16 and 50 μmol L−1) with low variability (CV < 4.2%) and excellent recovery (96–103%), which is important in clinical diagnosis.CONCLUSIONAltogether these results demonstrated the capacity of the approaches in quantifying glucose either in buffer (using both TMB ans ABTS) or in human saliva samples (using TMB). They offer a painless, simple, efficient, and relatively inexpensive analytical method with enormous potential for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes using a small amount of saliva. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Fabrication of magnetic covalent organic framework for efficient extraction and determination of phthalate esters in milk samples
Authors: Pan Ao , Zhang Can , Guo Ming , Wei Dan , Wang Xu 
Published: June 2022

Using two monomers of 4,4″‐diamino‐p‐terphenyl and 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol, a co‐precipitation structured magnetic covalent organic framework adsorbent was fabricated. After that, a high efficient vortex‐assisted magnetic solid‐phase extraction method was developed prior to gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of phthalate esters in milk samples. The fabricated magnetic adsorbent was facilely fabricated, fully characterized, and exhibited high extraction efficiency, which can be attributed to its larger pore size as well as strong hydrophobic and π‐π stacking interactions between adsorbent and phthalate esters. Key parameters affecting extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method possessed good linearity (3.0–1000 μg/L), high sensitivity (0.8–2.1 μg/L for limits of detection), and satisfactory recoveries (76.8–99.2%). The relative standard deviations for intra‐day was 3.1–4.5% and inter‐day was 3.3–6.1%. This work is suitable for high efficient separation/preconcentration of phthalate esters in milk samples.
Geocultural variation in correlates of psychological distress among refugees resettled in the United States
Authors: Blackwell Meredith A. , Lardier David T. , Choe Ryeora , Goodkind Jessica R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAttention to cultural variability in mental health symptoms could inform intervention targets; however, this is currently a neglected area of study. This study examined whether the associations between common mental health disorder (CMD) symptoms and predictors of CMDs varied cross‐culturally. Participants were 290 refugees from three geocultural regions (Afghanistan, Great Lakes region of Africa, and Iraq and Syria) who recently resettled in the United States and completed assessments of CMD symptoms and predictors. Multilevel generalized linear modeling was used to examine the interactions between correlates of depressive, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and each of the three cultural reference groups. Relative to refugees from other regions, Iraqi and Syrian participants demonstrated stronger associations between the number of reported traumatic experiences and both depressive, B = 0.01, SE = .003, p = .003, and anxiety symptoms, B = 0.01, SE = .003, p < .001; Afghan participants showed a stronger association between physical quality of life and PTSD symptoms, B = 0.02, SE = .011, p = .037; and African participants demonstrated stronger associations between gender and symptoms of all three CMDs, Bs = 0.11–.020, SEs = .04–.06, ps = .005‐.008, and weaker associations between traumatic event exposure and CMD symptoms, Bs = ‐0.01–‐0.02, SEs = .003–.006, ps = .000–.002. CMD symptoms likely present differently across cultures, with various predictors more salient depending on cultural backgrounds and differential experiences that vary based on context. These findings have implications for cross‐cultural assessment research and mental health.
The distribution, effectiveness and environmental threshold of soil aggregate phosphorus fractions in the sub‐alpine region of Southwest China
Authors: Zhu Mengke , Huang Bocong , Liu Zongyang , Wang Yue , Teng Jiao , Tian Xiaosu , Ai Xiaoyan , Sheng Meihua , Ai Yingwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article is a study of total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and phosphorus (P) fractions of soil aggregates along an altitude gradient in the sub‐alpine region of Southwest China. We conclude that soil aggregate TP and AP contents are higher at 3980 m and 3347 m; there are no significant differences in soil aggregate TP at any altitude (p > 0.05); the AP and phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) are higher in 0.25–0.5 mm aggregate. Soil aggregates TPi > TPo at 3009 m and TPo > TPi at 3347, 3654 and 3980 m. Using multiple stepwise regression analysis, we conclude that NaOH‐Pi is the key fraction of AP supply, NaHCO3‐Pi and NaOH‐Pi are important fractions of CaCl2‐P. Through piecewise linear fitting of soil aggregate AP and CaCl2‐P, the soil P environmental threshold obtained is 27.766 mg kg−1 in this region. Also we got <0.25 mm, 0.25–0.5 mm aggregates at 3980 m which have high soil P loss risk. Our study fills in gap about the distribution of P fraction in aggregates and effects of soil P fraction for AP and CaCl2‐P in high‐altitude areas. Our study provides a reference and scientific basis for understanding the soil aggregate P storage capacity and the biological effectiveness of P fractions at high altitudes. Our study on the P environmental threshold provides a reference for soil P storage capacity. Our study provides a reference value for the soil P loss risk management, and sustainable development of soil ecosystems in the sub‐alpine region of Southwest China.
Sporulation: A response to starvation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Ohtsuka Hokuto , Imada Kazuki , Shimasaki Takafumi , Aiba Hirofumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe employs two main strategies to adapt to the environment and survive when starved for nutrients. The strategies employ sporulation via sexual differentiation and extension of the chronological lifespan. When a cell is exposed to nutrient starvation in the presence of a cell of the opposite sex, the cells undergo fusion through conjugation and sporulation through meiosis. S. pombe spores are highly resistant to diverse stresses and may survive for a very long time. In this minireview, among the various sexual differentiation processes induced by starvation, we focused on and summarized the findings of the molecular mechanisms of spore formation in fission yeast. Furthermore, comparative measurements of the chronological lifespan of stationary phase cells and G0 cells and the survival period of spore cells revealed that the spore cells survived for a long period, indicating the presence of an effective mechanism for survival. Currently, many molecules involved in sporulation and their functions are being discovered; however, our understanding of these is not complete. Further understanding of spores may not only deepen our comprehension of sexual differentiation but may also provide hints for sustaining life.
Endoscopic management of intraurethral mesh extrusion with the holmium:YAG laser is an acceptable treatment option in selected patients
Authors: Allagany Feras , Dekalo Snir , Welk Blayne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionExtrusion of transvaginal mesh into the urethra is a rare but potentially serious complication. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy and long‐term outcomes of women who underwent an endoscopic laser procedure to treat intraurethral mesh.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review identified women who underwent an endoscopic Holmium:YAG laser procedure to treat intraurethral mesh between September 2011‐October 2021. Information about the procedure, symptoms, and level of incontinence was gathered from the medical records. Primary outcomes were the need for further procedures, and the Urinary Distress Index‐6 score at last follow‐up.ResultsWe identified a total of 29 women; mesh sling procedure included tension‐free vaginal sling (19), transobturator sling (6), or other transvaginal mesh sling (4). Presentation of intraurethral mesh was a median of 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–7) years after placement. After the endoscopic procedure, 18/29 (62%) women had no visible urinary mesh and complete resolution of their presenting symptoms. Retreatment was necessary in 3/29 women, and 6/29 (21%) reported new or worsening stress incontinence. The UDI‐6 was completed by all patients at a median of 3.7 (IQR: 2.0–5.8) years after their endoscopic procedure. The median score was 22 (IQR: 11–44), and 18/29 (62%) women had scores in the asymptomatic range. UDI‐6 scores were similar for the six women who had further mesh procedures and the ones who did not.ConclusionsEndoscopic laser treatment of an eroded transvaginal mesh sling is an acceptable treatment with minimal morbidity and satisfactory UDI‐6 scores after a median follow‐up of 3.7 years.
Nurses' well‐being during the coronavirus (2019) pandemic: A longitudinal mixed‐methods study
Authors: Jarden Rebecca J. , Jarden Aaron J. , Weiland Tracey J. , Taylor Glenn , Brockenshire Naomi , Rutherford Michelle , Carbery Catherine , Moroney Kate , Joshanloo Mohsen , Gerdtz Marie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo determine prevalence, predictors and change over time of nurses' and student nurses' mental health and well‐being, and explore nurses' perceptions, barriers and enablers of well‐being.DesignLongitudinal mixed‐methods survey.MethodsForty‐nine students and registered nurses participated from Victoria, Australia. Data were collected from December 2019 to July 2020. Validated psychometrics and free‐text response questions were employed. Analysis used latent growth curve modelling, Pearson product‐moment correlations and thematic analysis.ResultsA strong positive correlation was found between self‐determination and work well‐being, and a strong negative correlation between work well‐being and flight risk. Several moderate relationships were found; a moderate positive correlation between work well‐being and nurse manager ability, leadership and support, and a moderate negative correlation between burnout and staffing and resource adequacy. Collegial nurse–physician relationships deteriorated. Three themes, physical health, psychological well‐being and social connection, were identified as important for nurses' well‐being.
Increasing the efficiency of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) by combination with a photosensitive drug in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in an animal model
Authors: Wagner Benedikt R. , Adamus Anna L. , Hempfling Laura , Vahdad Reza , Haap‐Hoff Antje , Heinrich Benedikt , Vázquez Olalla , Jank Paul , Denkert Carsten , Seitz Guido 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytoreductive surgery (CRS) in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an option in advanced peritoneal sarcomatosis. Nevertheless, CRS and HIPEC are not successful in all patients. An enhancement of HIPEC using photodynamic therapy (PDT) might be beneficial. Therefore, a combination of the photosensitizer hypericin (HYP) with HIPEC was evaluated in an animal model.ProcedureAn established HIPEC animal model for rhabdomyosarcoma (NOD/LtSz‐scid IL2Rγnullmice, n = 80) was used. All groups received HYP (100 μg/200 μl) intraperitoneally with and without cisplatin‐based (30 or 60 mg/m2) HIPEC (37°C or 42°C, for 60 minutes) (five groups, each n = 16). Peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was documented visually and by HYP‐based photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). HYP‐based PDT of the tumor was performed. Tissue samples were evaluated regarding proliferation (Ki‐67) and apoptosis (TUNEL).ResultsHYP uptake was detected even in smallest tumor nodes (<1 mm) with improved tumor detection during PDD (PCI with PDD vs. PCI without PDD: 8.5 vs. 7, p < .001***). Apoptotic effects after PDT without HIPEC were limited to the tumor surface, whereas PDT after HIPEC (60 mg/m2, 42°C) showed additional reduction of tumor proliferation in the top nine to 11 cell layers (50 μm).ConclusionHYP as fluorescent photosensitizer offers an intraoperative diagnostic advantage detecting intraperitoneal tumor dissemination. The combination of HYP and cisplatin‐based HIPEC was feasible in vivo, showing enhanced effects on tumor proliferation and apoptosis induction across the tumor surface. Further studies combining HYP and HIPEC will follow to establish a clinical application.
The clinical and mechanistic roles of bile acids in depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke
Authors: Lirong Wu , Mingliang Zhao , Mengci Li , Qihao Guo , Zhenxing Ren , Xiaojiao Zheng , Tianlu Chen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe burden of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders continues to grow with significant impacts on human health and social economy worldwide. Increasing clinical and preclinical evidences have implicated that bile acids (BAs) are involved in the onset and progression of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we summarized recent studies of BAs in three types of highly prevalent brain disorders, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The shared and specific BA profiles were explored and potential markers associated with disease development and progression were summarized. The mechanistic roles of BAs were reviewed with focuses on inflammation, gut–brain–microbiota axis, cellular apoptosis. We also discussed future perspectives for the prevention and treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders by targeting BAs and related molecules and gut microbiota. Our understanding of BAs and their roles in brain disorders is still evolving. A large number of questions still need to be addressed on the emerging crosstalk among central, peripheral, intestine, and their contribution to brain and mental health.
Changes in surface velocities over four decades on the Laurichard rock glacier (French Alps)
Authors: Thibert Emmanuel , Bodin Xavier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe longest time series of surface velocities recorded on a rock glacier in the French Alps, covering more than three decades, has been recorded since 1983 on the Laurichard rock glacier (Ecrins range). The time signal of velocity changes is extracted from variance analyses separating time and space variabilities on the rock glacier surface to provide an average‐wide time signal. We show that changes in velocity from year to year are virtually uniform at all locations with homogeneous accelerations or decelerations on the scale of the rock glacier as a whole. The spatial structure of velocity was found to be nearly at steady state over 35 years. Nonlinear effects are located in low‐velocity areas such as the rock glacier margins where accelerations/decelerations tend to be proportional to the local velocity. Over the period of record, a long‐term trend in rock glacier acceleration was detected with a rate of +0.2 m/yr per decade. Two main phases of acceleration were identified from the mid‐1980s to 1999 and from 2010 to 2015. In between, those two periods were interrupted by a 10‐year period of almost steady‐state velocities with an abrupt deceleration from 2006 to 2009 of −0.35 m/yr. The process of internal increases in ice temperatures alone (and associated changes in creep rates) would seem insufficient to explain the long‐term rise of surface velocities and their annual variations. Changes in the liquid water are a possible contributing factor, due to the injection of seasonal water caused by melting snow cover or internal melt due to heat generated by enhanced ice creep and friction in the ice/debris mixture.
Mechanisms of protein evolution
Authors: Jayaraman Vijay , Toledo‐Patiño Saacnicteh , Noda‐García Lianet , Laurino Paola 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHow do proteins evolve? How do changes in sequence mediate changes in protein structure, and in turn in function? This question has multiple angles, ranging from biochemistry and biophysics to evolutionary biology. This review provides a brief integrated view of some key mechanistic aspects of protein evolution. First, we explain how protein evolution is primarily driven by randomly acquired genetic mutations and selection for function, and how these mutations can even give rise to completely new folds. Then, we also comment on how phenotypic protein variability, including promiscuity, transcriptional and translational errors, may also accelerate this process, possibly via “plasticity‐first” mechanisms. Finally, we highlight open questions in the field of protein evolution, with respect to the emergence of more sophisticated protein systems such as protein complexes, pathways, and the emergence of pre‐LUCA enzymes.
POMCPs with Novel Two Water‐Assisted Proton Channels Accommodated by MXenes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Guangning , Guo Siyu , Wu Yang , Wu Jiaqi , Zhang Feng , Li Lu , Zhang Mingyi , Yao Chengbao , Gómez‐García Carlos J. , Wang Tianyang , Zhang Yajing , Chen Tingting , Ma Huiyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo develop high‐performance supercapacitors, the negative electrode is at present viewed as one of the most challenging tasks for obtaining the next‐generation of energy storage devices. Therefore, in this study, a polyoxometalate‐based coordination polymer [Zn(itmb)3H2O][H2SiW12O40]·5H2O (1) is designed and prepared by a simple hydrothermal method for constructing a high‐capacity negative electrode. Polymer 1 has two water‐assisted proton channels, which are conducive to enhancing the electrical conductivity and storage capacity. Then, MXene Ti3C2Tx is chosen to accommodate coordination polymer 1 as the interlayer spacers to improve the conductivity and cycling stability of 1, while preventing the restacking of MXene. Expectedly, the produced composite electrode 1@Ti3C2Tx shows an excellent specific capacitance (1480.1 F g−1 at 5 A g−1) and high rate performance (a capacity retention of 71.5% from 5 to 20 A g−1). Consequently, an asymmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated using 1@Ti3C2Tx as the negative electrode and celtuce leaves‐derived carbon paper as the positive electrode, which demonstrates ultrahigh energy density of 32.2 Wh kg−1, and power density 2397.5 W kg−1, respectively. In addition, the ability to illuminate a red light‐emitting diode for several minutes validates its feasibility for practical application.
Forensic Intelligence and Traceology in Digitalised Environments: The Detection and Analysis of Crime Patterns to Inform Practice
Authors: Ribaux Olivier , Baechler Simon , Rossy Quentin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDifferent data processing methods can support the detection and analysis of various forms of crime patterns. The authors document the influence and role of forensic science and how this has been transformed by digitalization. Forensic intelligence is key and they illustrate their argument of its potential by discussing two new forensic intelligence systems and their underlying digital infrastructure, one facilitating the forensic comparison of fraudulent ID documents (ProFID) and the other the monitoring of online frauds (PICSEL).
Work on Command: The Case for Generality
Authors: Swan Jerry , Nivel Eric , Kant Neel , Hedges Jules , Atkinson Timothy , Steunebrink Bas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet us recall that, from a pragmatic perspective, AI is nothing more or less than a tool for implementing a new leap in automation. This pragmatic perspective on AI is the one that matters in the current world economy, and therefore will necessarily receive primacy for development.
Entanglement entropy and vacuum states in Schwarzschild geometry
Authors: Matsuo Yoshinori 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recently, it was proposed that there must be either large violation of the additivity conjecture or a set of disentangled states of the black hole in the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this paper, we study the additivity conjecture for quantum states of fields around the Schwarzschild black hole. In the eternal Schwarzschild spacetime, the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation is calculated assuming that the vacuum state is the Hartle-Hawking vacuum. In the additivity conjecture, we need to consider the state which gives minimal output entropy of a quantum channel. The Hartle-Hawking vacuum state does not give the minimal output entropy which is consistent with the additivity conjecture. We study the entanglement entropy in other static vacua and show that it is consistent with the additivity conjecture.
FACET: a new long-lived particle detector in the very forward region of the CMS experiment
Authors: Cerci S. , Sunar Cerci D. , Lazic D. , Landsberg G. , Cerutti F. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Albrow M. G. , Berryhill J. , Green D. R. , Hirschauer J. , Kulkarni S. , Brücken J. E. , Emediato L. , Mestvirishvili A. , Nachtman J. , Onel Y. , Penzo A. , Aydilek O. , Hacisahinoglu B. , Ozkorucuklu S. , Sert H. , Simsek C. , Zorbilmez C. , Hos I. , Hadley N. , Skuja A. , Du M. , Fang R. , Liu Z. , Isildak B. , Tran V. Q. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We describe a proposal to add a set of very forward detectors to the CMS experiment for the high-luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider to search for beyond the standard model long-lived particles, such as dark photons, heavy neutral leptons, axion-like particles, and dark Higgs bosons. The proposed subsystem is called FACET for Forward-Aperture CMS ExTension, and will be sensitive to any particles that can penetrate at least 50 m of magnetized iron and decay in an 18 m long, 1 m diameter vacuum pipe. The decay products will be measured in detectors using identical technology to the planned CMS Phase-2 upgrade.
Complex structures, T-duality and worldsheet instantons in Born sigma models
Authors: Kimura Tetsuji , Sasaki Shin , Shiozawa Kenta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate doubled (generalized) complex structures in 2D-dimensional Born geometries where T-duality symmetry is manifestly realized. We show that Kähler, hyperkähler, bi-hermitian and bi-hypercomplex structures of spacetime are implemented in Born geometries as doubled structures. We find that the Born structures and the generalized Kähler (hyperkähler) structures appear as subalgebras of bi-quaternions and split-tetra-quaternions. We find parts of these structures are classified by Clifford algebras. We then study the T-duality nature of the worldsheet instantons in Born sigma models. We show that the instantons in Kähler geometries are related to those in bi-hermitian geometries in a non-trivial way.