bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cattle Urine Application on Soil Properties of Lateritic Soils under Spinach Cultivation
Authors: Sakhare V. S. , Jadhav A. B. , Patil G. D. , Patange D. D. 
Published: June 2022

The experiment was undertaken to study effect of soil application of cattle urine on growth and yield of spinach in Lateritic soil at wire house of Division of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry RCSM College of Agriculture Kolhapur during rabi- 2020. There are total seven nitrogen substitution treatments through urea and cattle urine. The treatment consist of absolute control, recommended dose of fertilizers (40:40:40 kg ha-1N, P2O5 and K2O), general recommended dose of fertilizers (40:40:40 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O + FYM @ 10 t ha-1), 75% RDN-urea + 25% N- cattle urine, 50% RDN-urea + 50% N-cattle urine, 25% RDN-urea + 75% N- cattle urine, 100% RDN-cattle urine replicated thrice in complexly randomized design.
It could be observed from the data that pH and EC of lateritic soil was increased with the application of cattle urine for nitrogen substation. Significantly higher pH (7.67) and EC (1.01dsm-1) of lateritic soil was reported with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine at first of spinach (46 DAS). Decreasing trend in soil EC was observed at second ut of spinach in all the treatments under study while non-significant results were obtained for soil reaction (pH) at second cut. Significantly higher (1.40%) and (1.07%) organic carbon in lateritic soil was reported with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine at first and second cut of spinach. Calcium carbonate content in lateritic soil at both the cuts of spinach were recorded non- significant result due to the application of nitrogen through fertilizer and cattle urine. Significantly higher (253.93 kg ha-1) soil available nitrogen (253.93 and 184.97 kg ha-1), phosphorus (30.72 and 29.10 kg ha-1) and potassium (313.43 and 303.00 kg ha-1) were recorded at first and second cut of spinach with the application of 100% RDN through cattle urine respectively. Significantly higher DTPA Fe (26.55 and 24.30 mg kg-1), Mn (23.39 and 21.70 mg kg-1), Zn (7.09 and 3.84 mg kg-1) and Cu (12.01 and 9.12 mg kg-1) were recorded with the application of 100 % RDN thorough cattle urine. Further it can be seen from the data that DTPA availability of metallic micronutrients were higher in those treatments received cattle urine for either substitution of nitrogen @ 25,50, 75 or 100 percent.
Effects of Probiotic Supplemented diet on Growth Performance of Silkworm Bombyx mori and Improved Characteristics of Cocoon and Silk
Authors: Anisha̍ S. P. , Yasmin N. , Devi Sree Vaisnava 
Published: June 2022

Aims: The present work is to investigate the effect of probiotic namely normagut on the biochemical and commercial characteristics of silkworm, B. mori.
Study Design: Normagut treated mulberry leaves were supplemented at three different concentrations: 1%, 2% and 3%. It was fed to B. mori larvae and biochemical parameters were analyzed.
Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were performed at Muslim Arts College, Tamilnadu, India between June 2019 and May 2020.
Methodology: The feeding supplementation started from first day of third instar to last day of fifth instar for every 24 h. The research was performed with control and experimental groups of 3 replications of 30 larvae each.
Results: In our study, 2% concentration of probiotic normagut was very effective and maximum of fat body protein (31.18 µg/mg), glycogen (20.21 µg/mg) and lipid (255.31 µg/mg) was observed. Maximum of haemolymph protein (58.12 µg/ml), trehalose (365.06 µg/ml) and of lipid (41.06 µg/ml), free amino acid (34.32 µg/ml), protein (64.43 µg/mg ) and 15.27 µg/mg of lipid was recorded in silk gland of B. mori (p<0.001). The economic traits of larval weight (3869.23 mg), cocoon weight (2131.36 mg), shell weight (463.13 mg), shell ratio (21.72%) and filament length (912.24 m) was recorded in 2% normagut treated group.
Conclusion: The probiotics enhanced the commercial characteristics of cocoon and silk.
Oculo-visual Assessment of Children and Adolescents with Special Needs in Selected Schools within IMO State, Nigeria
Authors: Owunna Chioma Lilian , Ekenze Chigozie John , Okorie Ifeoma Kate , Akujobi Augustine Ugochukwu , Obioma-Elemba Jacqueline E. , Umunnakwe Oyinyechi Lilian , Ramyil Mamzhi Seljul Crown , Ogundeko Timothy Olugbenga 
Published: June 2022

Aim: This was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess the oculo-visual status of children with special needs in three selected special schools in Imo State, Nigeria.
Children with special needs are at a higher risk of visual impairment as compared to normal population. Interestingly, majority of the ocular disorders are treatable.
Methodology: The study was conducted on children ages 5-25years (mean 12.0 ± 3.2 years) and detailed ocular examination on 296 children using standard examination techniques was recorded. Results: Results revealed that oculo-visual disorders were seen in 196 (66.2%) children. Oculo-visual disorders were found in 75.5% of children with hearing impairment, 83.3% in children with cerebral palsy, 75% in children with autism, 85.7% in children with Down syndrome, 38.6% in children with speech disability, and 64% in children who are deaf and dumb. The most common ocular disorders seen in these children were refractive errors (30.5%), strabismus (12.7%), amblyopia (8.9%) and cataract (7.7%). Children requiring further evaluation were referred to base hospitals in Imo State, Nigeria.
Conclusion: Oculo-visual problem is highly prevalent among children with special needs in Imo State, most commonly, the problems were refractive errors, strabismus, amblyopia, cataract and cornea disorders. The prevalence was predominant among the female teenagers (15-19years). Government and stakeholders in the health care and humanitarian sectors should place more priority on the ocular-health status of children with special needs.
Assessment of hepatitis C monitoring adherence after viral eradication in veterans with substance use to improve care and surveil reinfection
Authors: Stratton Miranda L. , Ansara Elayne D. , Ifeachor Amanda P. , Houck Kelly K. , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Binger Katie J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence rates are rising for patients with substance use and/or SUDs. Guidelines provide monitoring recommendations to ensure remission after successful treatment. The study's objective was to identify gaps in follow-up for patients with documented substance use and/or SUD through assessment of adherence to guideline-recommended HCV RNA lab 12 months post-treatment.

Methods
Patients treated for HCV through the Veteran Health Indiana Hepatitis C Pharmacy Clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Subjects were categorized based on the provider assigned for follow-up care after 12-week sustained virologic response (SVR12) labs (primary care provider [PCP] or HCV provider). The primary outcome was HCV RNA obtained 11 to 13 months post-treatment. Secondary outcomes were HCV RNA detected post-treatment, substance use, engagement in substance use treatment, and engagement with social work.

Results
Two hundred forty-one patients were included in the HCV provider cohort and 139 in the PCP cohort. Forty-one patients did not have a specified clinic for follow-up treatment, and 20 patients did not achieve SVR12. Sixty-one patients (28%) in the HCV provider cohort completed a 12-month HCV RNA within 11 to 13 months post-treatment vs 15 patients (11%) in the PCP cohort (P ≤ .01). One patient had HCV RNA detected post-treatment.

Discussion
This study reveals inadequate HCV post-treatment follow-up for patients with substance use and/or SUD. SUD is a chronic disease that requires continued monitoring to prevent complications. Further studies are needed to identify reinfection rates and improvements of care in this population.
Geitleria
Authors: Golubic Stjepko , Hoffmann Lucien , Castenholz Richard W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Geit.le'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.
Geitleria
, named in honor of Lothar Geitler (1899–1990), Austrian botanist and specialist in cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacteria / Subsection V / Hapalosiphonaceae / Geitleria

Geitleria
is a filamentous cyanobacterium, with true branching of trichomes. Trichomes are embedded in gelatinous sheaths of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), which are heavily calcified and permit growth and branching only at the tips of trichomes. Branching is dichotomous or V shaped and, less commonly, pseudodichotomous and lateral. All cells are interconnected by plasmodesmic pit connections.

Type species
:
Geitleria calcarea
Friedmann 1955.
Methylophilus
Authors: McNamara John , Delherbe Nathalie , Kalyuzhnaya Marina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Me.thy.lo'phi.lus. N.L. pref.
methylo‐
, pertaining to the methyl radical; N.L. masc. adj.
philus
, friend, loving; N.L. masc. n.
Methylophilus
, methyl radical loving.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylophilus

The genus
Methylophilus
is a group of restricted facultative methanol‐utilizing bacteria. Methanol is often used as a sole carbon source, while nitrate and ammonium salts are nitrogen sources. However, some species can also utilize other carbon sources, such as methylamines, glucose, fructose, dichloromethane, galactose, and formate. Metabolism of these substrates produces little to no acid. All species are aerobic, Gram‐negative rods that can occur singularly or in pairs. These cells can be motile or nonmotile and do not form endospores, cellular inclusions, sheaths, or prosthecae. Capsules are not observed. Some species may produce slime, mostly as viscous and nonviscous exopolysaccharides. Their colonies are circular with a complete edge and are translucent to opaque in opacity. Bacteria of this genus can grow on mineral salts agar plates with methanol, with optimum growth at 6.5–7.2 pH under aerobic conditions. Some members of the genus, that is,
Methylophilus methylotrophus
, display a high growth rate (up to 0.55 h
−1
), representing a prominent platform for biotechnological applications. Most species exhibit poor to no growth on nutritionally rich media, such as nutrient broth and blood agar. No growth occurs at 4 or 45°C. The major fatty acids are C
16
and C
16:1
. Members of this genus can be found in activated sludge, mud, river and pond water, oligotrophic oceanic waters, phyllospheres, and rhizospheres.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50–53.

Type species
:
Methylophilus methylotrophus
Jenkins et al. 1987
VP
.
Budvicia
Authors: Coutinho Teresa A. , Shin Gi Y. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Bud.vi'ci.a. N.L. fem. n.
Budvicia
, derived from Budvicium, the Latin name of the city České Budějovice where the bacterium was first isolated.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Budvicia

Cells of the genus
Budvicia
are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, and nonencapsulated straight rods occurring singly. Slightly motile with peritrichous flagella in soft agar at 22°C. They are facultatively anaerobic, ferment glucose, reduce nitrate, indole‐ and oxidase‐negative, and catalase‐positive. Esculin and gelatin are not hydrolyzed. They do not utilize malonate and acetate. β‐Galactosidase and β‐glucuronidase activities are absent. Growth factor requirements are complex. The major fatty acids are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
, cyclo‐C
17:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. The known habitats are water (drinking and rivers), small mammals, and the gut of a diplopodium (
Cylindroiulus fulviceps
).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46–48.3 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Budvicia aquatica
Bouvet et al. 1985
VP
.
Mixta
Authors: Mavima Lazarus , Steenkamp Emma T. , Coetzee Martin P.A. , Palmer Marike 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Mix'ta. L. fem. n.
Mixta
the mixed one, referring to the mixed lifestyles of species in the genus.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Mixta

Mixta
forms part of the
Enterobacteriaceae
and contains species of agricultural and clinical importance. The members of this genus exhibit mixed lifestyles and have been isolated from diverse habitats including plants, humans, insects, and food products.
Mixta
was initially proposed to accommodate previously described species that rendered
Pantoea
paraphyletic.
Mixta
species are versatile mixotrophs and can utilize diverse organic carbon sources. Cells are facultatively anaerobic, Gram‐negative rods, and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Six species of
Mixta
have been described. Several predicted phenotypic traits differentiate
Mixta
from its closest relatives, for example, genes for the interconversion of
l
‐histidine to urocanate and ammonia, and menaquinone biosynthesis, namely 1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoate polyprenyltransferase and naphthoate synthase. Overall, the ecological versatility of
Mixta
species is in line with other members of the
Enterobacteriaceae
, with numerous species in this family ranging from endophytes to clinical pathogens, along with various strains with biotechnological potential.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.08–59.1.

Type species
:
Mixta calida
Palmer et al. 2018
VP
.
Mitigating Ring‐Opening to Develop Stable TEMPO Catholytes for pH‐Neutral All‐Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Fan Hao , Wu Wenda , Ravivarma Mahalingam , Li Hongbin , Hu Bo , Lei Jiafeng , Feng Yangyang , Sun Xiaohua , Song Jiangxuan , Liu Tianbiao Leo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRedox‐active organics are highly attractive in aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). However, the lack of capacity dense, stable organic catholytes remains a challenge to develop energy‐dense, long cycle‐life AORFBs. Herein, a stable organic catholyte, 4‐[3‐(trimethylammonium)acetylamino]‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl chloride (TMAAcNHTEMPO) is developed through rational molecular engineering using connective acetamido and trimethylammonium groups. Paired with bis‐(trimethylammonium) propyl viologen tetrachloride anolyte, stable AORFBs (up to 1500 cycles) with a low capacity fade rate of ca. 0.0144% h−1 are achieved. Experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations revealed that TMAAcNH‐TEMPO is largely stabilized by the reduced reactivity of the nitroxyl radical moiety that mitigates a ring‐opening side reaction.
Bioengineered 3D Tissue Model of Intestine Epithelium with Oxygen Gradients to Sustain Human Gut Microbiome
Authors: Chen Ying , Rudolph Sara E. , Longo Brooke N. , Pace Fernanda , Roh Terrence T. , Condruti Rebecca , Gee Michelle , Watnick Paula I. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe human gut microbiome is crucial to hosting physiology and health. Therefore, stable in vitro coculture of primary human intestinal cells with a microbiome community is essential for understanding intestinal disease progression and revealing novel therapeutic targets. Here, a three‐dimensional scaffold system is presented to regenerate an in vitro human intestinal epithelium that recapitulates many functional characteristics of the native small intestines. The epithelium, derived from human intestinal enteroids, contains mature intestinal epithelial cells and possesses selectively permeable barrier functions. Importantly, by properly positioning the scaffolds cultured under normal atmospheric conditions, two physiologically relevant oxygen gradients, a proximal‐to‐distal oxygen gradient along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and a radial oxygen gradient across the epithelium, are distinguished in the tissues when the lumens are faced up and down in cultures, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the low oxygen gradients supported the coculture of intestinal epithelium along with a complex living commensal gut microbiome (including obligate anaerobes) to simulate temporal microbiome dynamics in the native human gut. This unique silk scaffold platform may enable the exploration of microbiota‐related mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and host‐pathogen dynamics in infectious diseases including the potential to explore the human microbiome‐gut‐brain axis and potential novel microbiome‐based therapeutics.
Sugar‐Derived Isotropic Nanoscale Polycrystalline Graphite Capable of Considerable Plastic Deformation
Authors: Sun Boqian , Chen Daming , Cheng Yuan , Fei Weidong , Jiang Danyu , Tang Sufang , Zhao Guangdong , Song Juntao , Hou Chenlin , Zhang Wenzheng , Wu Shiqi , Yang Yu , Tan Mingyi , Zhang Jie , Wei Daqing , Guo Chaowei , Zhang Wei , Dong Shun , Du Shanyi , Han Jiecai , Luo Jian , Zhang Xinghong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObtaining large plastic deformation in polycrystalline van der Waals (vdW) materials is challenging. Achieving such deformation is especially difficult in graphite because it is highly anisotropic. The development of sugar‐derived isotropic nanostructured polycrystalline graphite (SINPG) is discussed herein. The structure of this material preserves the high in‐plane rigidity and out‐of‐plane flexibility of graphene layers and enables prominent plasticity by activating the rotation of nanoscale (5–10 nm) grains. Thus, micrometer‐sized SINPG samples demonstrate enhanced compressive strengths of up to 3.0 GPa and plastic strains of 30–50%. These findings suggest a new pathway for enabling plastic deformation in otherwise brittle vdW materials. This new class of nanostructured carbon materials is suitable for use in a broad range of fields, from semiconductor to aerospace applications.
Effects of dry bulk density and water content on compressive characteristics of wet clayey paddy soil
Authors: Huo Lianfei , Liu Jianlong , Abbas Adnan , Ding Qishuo , Wang Huixin , Zhou Zhongkai , Meng Lili , Bai Zongchun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of soil compaction models is limited by the lack of soil compression properties and their variations as a function of different physical parameters. This study aimed to explore the effect of dry bulk density and water content on the characteristics of the soil compression curves and compression properties for wet clayey paddy soil. In order to investigate large‐scale soil initial conditions, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on a total of 25 soil states by controlling five soil water contents and five dry bulk densities. Soil compression curves were obtained from fitting uniaxial compression test results, and the swelling index, compression index, and precompression stress were measured. The swelling index of paddy soil ranged from 0.003 to 0.138 and showed a significant positive dependence on water content and a significant negative correlation with dry bulk density. The compression index ranged from 0.115 to 0.839. A quadratic polynomial function was established between water content and compression index, whereas the compression index showed a significant negative correlation with dry bulk density. The precompression stress ranged from 33 to 127 kPa. The precompression stress showed a prominent negative dependence on water content and a significant positive correlation with dry bulk density. The pedo‐transfer functions of the swelling index, compression index, and precompression stress could be used in soil compaction models as input parameters for risk evaluation of compaction damage of wet clayey paddy soil.
PIV and PLIF measurements of interacting bubble plumes and their role in liquid‐phase mixing in a shallow vessel
Authors: Thaker Abhijeet H. , Quiyoom Abdul , Buwa Vivek V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGas‐induced liquid‐phase mixing in shallow vessels is important to primary and secondary steel‐refining processes and governs the quality of the steel. In the present work, we have investigated the dynamics of meandering bubble plumes and their role in liquid‐phase mixing in shallow vessel that corresponds to 1:6 scaled‐down model of ladle used in the secondary steel‐refining process. The effects of multiple meandering bubble plumes and their interactions on the liquid‐phase velocity distribution, recirculatory flow, plume oscillation frequencies, and turbulent kinetic energy are analyzed for different bottom injection configurations using particle image velocimetry measurements. The role of meandering bubble plumes and their interactions in the liquid‐phase mixing is analyzed using planar laser‐induced fluorescence measurements. ~60% reduction in the mixing time was found with differential flow scheme. Present findings help to understand the contributions of differential flow and bubble plumes interactions to liquid‐phase mixing in shallow vessels.
Ultrasound diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis – Time to change the criteria
Authors: Piotto Lino , Gent Roger , Taranath Ajay , Bibbo Giovanni , Goh Day Way 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound is the examination of choice for the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). A correct diagnosis is dependent on the technique and measurement accuracy. However, in the world literature there is a wide range of values suggested for the diagnosis of this condition. The current minimum measurements used to diagnose HPS seem excessively large, and therefore, we set out to redefine these values.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 607 patients (615 scans) being investigated for HPS. The length and transverse diameter of the pyloric canal, and thickness of the pyloric muscle were measured. All results were correlated with clinical and surgical findings.ResultsIn this study, the muscle thickness in the normal group was <2.0 mm than in HPS infants having a muscle thickness of 2.0–5.0 mm. All the pyloric canal lengths in the normal group were <5.0 mm than in those with HPS having a length of 10.0–24.0 mm. The transverse diameters ranged from 6.0 to 11.0 mm in the normal group compared with those with HPS having a diameter between 8.0 and 16.0 mm.ConclusionsThe current criteria for sonographic diagnosis of HPS should be redefined. The canal length is the single most important discriminator, with a clear separation between normal and abnormal. The commonly used 16.0‐mm measurement is too long and should be reduced to 10.0 mm (without the risk of false positives). In many cases, the muscle thickness in those with HPS is as low as 2.0 mm, considerably less than the 3.0 mm that is currently used. The transverse diameter is not a useful discriminator for HPS. The use of current values will delay the diagnosis and timely treatment of this condition.
How slow is slow? Managing fire hydrant operation for protecting water infrastructure
Authors: Lingireddy Srinivasa , Ormsbee Lindell E. , Kamojjala Sri , Hall Ashley M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere have been several water main breaks attributed to fire hydrant operations despite the persistent guidance from stakeholders to operate the hydrants “slowly.” Traditional water hammer simulations for determining the safe operational times for every hydrant can be tedious and impractical for most water utilities. While the rapid operation of certain hydrants can generate excessive pressures, most hydrants are benign and do not generate pressures capable of bursting water mains. Using certain simplified water hammer parameters, the authors propose automated methods that can identify benign hydrants at least 100 times faster than the traditional methods where the operation of each hydrant is simulated by manually modifying the baseline models. Detailed analysis with more accurate data can then be performed to determine the precise operational times for the critical hydrants and develop the necessary measures to safeguard their operation.