bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Abscisic Acid on Root and Shoot Growth of Tomato1
Authors: Weston G. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) at concentrations between 5 × 10−7 and 5 × 10−4 m, was sprayed on seedlings of ‘Sutton's Best of AH’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). ABA at 5 × 10−7 and 5 × 10−6m significantly enhanced shoot extension growth but did not markedly affect chlorophyll production. Root, but not shoot, fresh and dry weights were significantly reduced by 5 × 10−5m ABA. 5 × 10−6 and 5 × 10−5m ABA significantly reduced the root: shoot ratio.
Persistence of Ethephon to Induce Female Flowering in Cucumber1
Authors: Phatak S. C. , Cantliffe D. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reciprocal bud grafts were made over various time periods from 0 to 48 hours between (2 chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon)-treated and non-treated monoecious cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) to determine the persistence of ethephon to induce pistillate (female) flowering. Ethephon had no influence on sex expression in stocks if treated scions were grafted onto non-treated stocks. If rootstocks were treated with 250 ppm ethephon in the 2-leaf stage, femaleness was increased in plants grafted within 8 hours. After that, ethephon had essentially no effect on sex expression. The number of leaves (2, 4, 6, or 8) present at the time of application did not improve the effectiveness of ethphon in promoting femaleness when grafts were made 48 hours after application.
Temperature and Photoperiod on the Growth of Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt.1
Authors: Wright R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Burfordii’ holly was grown at day/night temperature combinations of 26°/22°, 22°/18° and 18°/14°C under either a long photoperiod (LD = 9 hours + 3 hours dark interruption) or short photoperiod (SD = 9 hours). The number and growth of new shoots were significantly greater at 26°/22° than at 22°/18° and no shoot growth occurred at 18°/14°. Leaf size was significantly smaller at 26°/22° than at 22°/18°. Holly shoot growth was greater under LD than SD. No significant temperature-photoperiod interaction was observed.
Genetic Transmission of Bloom Date in Pears1
Authors: Faust Miklos , Zimmerman R. , van der Zwet T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Various pear species bloom at different times during the spring. Pyrus calleryana Decaisne is one of the earliest and P. communis L. is one of the latest blooming species. In 1975 there were 34 days between the earliest and latest blooming clones. When species or selections with different bloom times were crossed, two generations were needed to bring the bloom time of the progeny to the bloom time of the later blooming parent. The bloom of any given progeny occurred within only 4 to 5 days. No seedling in a progeny flowered later than the later blooming parent. Discovery of late blooming germplasm is essential for the development of late blooming types of pears.
‘Velvet Rose’ Pelargonium, a Scented Geranium1
Authors: Skirvin Robert M. , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Velvet Rose’ is a high polyploid, tissue culture-derived line (calliclone) from ‘Rober's Lemon Rose’, a scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Heritier ex. Alton) released for its sturdy plant type, general attractiveness, and vigor.
Influence of Budding Height on Performance of ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange on Two Rootstocks1
Authors: Labanauskas C. K. , Bitters W. P. , McCarty C. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three-year-old seedlings of Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Troyer citrang [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf] were budded to ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 cm above the ground level. Fruit yield was highest from trees budded at 15 cm height above the ground and tended to decrease as budding height increased. Nutrient concentrations in the leaves of trees were affected by the height of budding, but remained in an optimum range for maximum fruit production. The different rootstocks affected the nutrient concentrations in the leaves dramatically, but they still remained in an optimum range for maximum production of oranges.
Controlling Slimes of Sulfur Bacteria in Drip Irrigation Systems1
Authors: Ford Harry W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A white sulfur slime produced by certain sulfur bacteria clogged drip irrigation emitters when the water contained H2S. Systems were cleaned by irrigating continuously for 3 weeks after first eliminating O2 leaks. After cleanout, growths of sulfur bacteria were prevented by keeping the lines full of water and free of O2 between irrigations. Intermittent injection of chlorine to yield a free residual level of 0.5 ppm prevented sulfur bacterial growths. Lowering the pH to 6.4 with SO2 or 6.0 with HCl also inhibited sulfur bacterial growths.
Fumigation of Soil Strips through a Drip Irrigation System1
Authors: Goldberg S. Dan , Uzrad M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the Arava desert of Israel, a drip-irrigation system was used to fumigate the soil with methyl bromide for weed control prior to seeding tomatoes. Treatments employed were 2 non-fumigated controls, one with and another without plastic covering, and 3 fumigant applied treatments, all with plastic covering but differing in method and time of aeration. Tomato yields and weed control were significantly higher in fumigated soil although within the various methyl bromide treatments weed control results were similar. Testing for uniformity of methyl bromide gas flow revealed considerable differences in residual bromine occurring between the beginning and the end of the drip lateral. By using an inlet pressure of 0.5 – 1.0 atmospheres, minimal pressure drop along the line was achieved.
Effects of Cold Storage Duration on Bud Dormancy and Root Regeneration of White Ash (Fraxinus americana L.) Seedlings1
Authors: Webb D. Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root regeneration and time to first budbreak of two-year white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings were strongly correlated with the number of hours of chilling. Physiological dormancy of the buds was removed after approx 2500 hours of storage at 5°C and this coincided with the beginning of increased root regeneration potential. Increased periods of chilling enhanced the rate at which growth was resumed after transfer of seedlings to environmental conditions adequate for growth. The present study indicates that fall-harvested white ash seedlings can be stored at 5° at least until May without any apparent detrimental effects on root regeneration potential or seedling condition.
‘Comet’ Strawberry1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Bowden H. L. , Sistrunk W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ‘Comet’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) has been released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to fill a need for an early-ripening, foliage-disease resistant cultivar adapted to Arkansas conditions. Its fruit characteristics make it a dualpurpose cultivar, suited for both fresh market and processing use (Fig. 1).
Membership Publishing Behavior and Attitude Toward ASHS Publications
Authors: Westwood M. N. , De Hertogh A. A. , Kretchman D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conflicting opinions have been expressed for a number of years about the use, effectiveness, and cost of HortScience and the Journal. Because of the importance of these publications, the Publications Committee decided to conduct a survey of the membership to get a more complete picture of member views and to obtain some solid facts regarding the publishing behavior of different classes of members.
In Vitro Propagation of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl 1
Authors: Start Norah D. , Cumming Bruce G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Small leaf-sections of African violet proliferated rudimentary shoots when explanted on a modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) high salt medium, containing 5.4μM naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), 22μM 6-benzylamino purine (BA), and 308μM adenine sulfate. The subdivided rudimentary shoots grew and rooted after subculturing onto a modified Morel and Muller (MM) mineral salt medium, lacking growth regulators and having a reduced sucrose concentration. Rooted plants reached the flowering stage after 4 months of greenhouse culture. A single leaf can produce approximately 500 plants, having the desirable habit of a flat-leafed rosette and the capacity to flower within about 7 months.
Amount and Kind of Growth Media in Soilless Greenhouse Tomato Production1
Authors: Adamson R. M. , Maas E. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Decreasing the volume of a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) sawdust growth medium from 33 to 16 liters per plant by a reduction in bed area had a relatively small effect upon greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit size or yield. Comparable yields were obtained from a 3:1 mixture of sawdust and sphagnum peat at 11 liters per plant Reducing the volume from 55 to 11 liters per plant by decreasing sawdust depth did not affect yield. A white polyethylene film covering the beds at lower volumes and depths of growth media, however, significantly increased fruit size, but not yields. Satisfactory yields were obtained from 9.2 liters per plant of sawdust, sphagnum peat or ground Douglas-fir bark in either plastic bags or in wooden-sided beds, or from either crushed expanded shale or sand in beds. The application at transplanting of a 1.25 cm sand layer on the surface of sawdust-filled bags was effective in improving moisture distribution but did not significantly increase yields.
Effect of Treatment with Calcium Ion-containing Formulations on the Firmness of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Riley Robert G. , Kolattukudy P. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Delicious’ apples individually sprayed with CaCl2 solutions over a period of 9 weeks immediately prior to harvest were 1.0 kg (2.1 lb.) firmer than untreated apples at harvest time. Furthermore, this difference persisted after 9 weeks of storage. n-Decylmalonic acid, di-n-decylmalonic acid, and 9,9-dicarboxy-n-nonylmalonic acid were synthesized and the effects of these compounds on penetration of radiolabeled calcium ions into ‘Golden Delicious’ apples were determined. Only calcium di-n-decylmalonate appeared to give a higher incorporation of calcium than CaCl2 in short term (24 hr) experiments; however, when firmness tests were conducted on apples which were dipped in a thickener containing CaCl2 or calcium di-n-decylmalonate and stored for 8 weeks, the CaCl2 dipped apples were slightly firmer than those treated with calcium di-n-decylmalonate, and 0.9 kg (2.0 lb.) firmer than untreated apples. A procedure similar to this, possibly in combination with other treatments, might extend the storage lifetime of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples and, therefore, increase their commercial value.
Assimilation of Carbon-14 by Pistillate Inflorescences and Fruits of ‘Stuart’ Pecan1
Authors: Davis Joel T. , Sparks Darrell 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Assimilation of 14CO2 by pistillate inflorescences and fruits of pecan [Carya illinoensis Wang (K. Koch)] was studied by autoradiography. Pistillate inflorescences and fruits assimilated 14CO2 throughout their development. The 14C assimilates were incorporated into fruit tissues.
Translocation of Ethephon in the Filbert (Corylus avellana L.)1
Authors: Kwong Francis Y. , Lagerstedt H. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Branch treatments with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) on fruiting filbert trees showed that ethephon was equally effective in accelerating nut drop from bagged and treated clusters. Ethylene production in husks increased significantly after ethephon application to leaves. Ethylene production did not differ between husk applications and leaf-plus-husk applications of ethephon. Results from radioactive-tracer studies showed the presence of radioactivity in stem tips, buds, and husks when 14C-ethephon was applied to leaves. The data indicate that ethephon, or its active derivative, translocates rapidly in the filbert, as shown by radioactivity and ethylene evolution, being completed within 1 day of foliar application.
Responses of Mature Concord Grapevines to SADH in Pennsylvania1
Authors: Haeseler Carl W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Applications of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) solutions at 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm during the 1967-1969 growing seasons in Erie County, Pennsylvania were not effective in increasing yields of mature ‘Concord’ grapes (Vitis labrusca L.), although the number of berries per basal cluster and cluster weights were increased significantly over the three-year experimental period. Berry weights and vine vigor were reduced significantly at the highest concentration of SADH utilized in this study. Treatments did not significantly affect the amount of fruit produced per node retained or juice quality.
Reducing Flowering Time in Aphelandra squarrosa Nees with High Pressure Sodium Lighting1
Authors: Kerbo Richard , Payne R. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six weeks of continuous supplemental lighting beginning December 6 with High Pressure Sodium Lamps (69.4 watts per m2, 6.3 klx average at night) significantly reduced flower production time for aphelandra ‘Dania’ plants started November 8 in a glass greenhouse at 21°C. Six weeks of cooling at 10°C and 0.5 klx incandescent light, and a combination of 3 weeks supplemental HPS lighting and 3 weeks cooling were not effective in hastening flowering. Six weeks HPS lighting resulted in significant leaf crinkling but the plants were of acceptable commercial quality. The 6 week HPS lighting as well as the combination of 3 weeks HPS lighting and 3 weeks 10°C cooling resulted in a low percentage of blind terminal shoots.
Characterizing Apple Tree Canopies by Fisheye Photography1
Authors: Lakso A. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A technique for characterizing apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) tree canopies using fisheye (hemispherical) photography is described. The technique has the advantages of speed of sampling and analysis, and of providing permanent records of canopy structure. Photographs were taken inside the canopy, and the percentage sky visible determined by densitometry. The percentage sky in the photographs was correlated to the light climate at the site of the photograph.
Penetration of 59Fe through Isolated Cuticles of Citrus Leaves1
Authors: Basiouny Fouad M. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Discs (2cm diameter) from freshly-harvested leaves of ’Pineapple’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) were incubated in darkness at 26 ± 2° for 72 hours in a solution containing of 4% pectinase, 0.1% cellulase, 0.1% hemicellulase and 0.2M ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) in 2N acetate buffer, pH3.8, to isolate cuticles. Each cuticle was used as a partition between two smaU chambers, with 59Fe in one chamber and distlled water in the other. Samples were taken from the water side to determine 59Fe penetration through isolated cuticle. Greater penetration of 59Fe into cuticles and intact citrus leaves was obtained with 59FeEDTA and through adaxial surfaces than any other 59Fe formulation tested.
Improvement of Pickling Cucumber with the Determinate (de) Gene1
Authors: Prend Joseph , John Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The introduction of the dwarf characteristic (determinate small vine) from Minnesota 82.59 into gynoecious hybrids has significantly increased yield in pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Maximum yields from once-over machine harvest for certain dwarf gynoecious hybrids averaged 19.0 tons per hectare, compared to 7.0 tons for a standard gynoecious hybrid. The average number of fruit per plant was significantly greater for the dwarf hybrids than for the standard gynoecious hybrid Pioneer. The concentrated fruit set, due to the small determinate vine of the dwarf hybrids, appeared responsible for the increased yield of the dwarf gynoecious hybrids.
Minnesota 108 Pea Breeding Line1
Authors: Davis D. W. , Shehata M. A. , Bissonnette H. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Minnesota 108 is a breeding line of pea (Pisum sativum L.) developed by cooperative effort of the Departments of Horticultural Science and Landscape Architecture and Plant Pathology. This germplasm combines near-commercial type and resistance to common root rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches (Drechs.), and to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp. pisi (Linford) race 1 Snyder & Hansen. It should be useful as a germplasm source for the transfer of root rot resistance to commercial cultivars by means of an improved testing technique (2).
The Next 2001 Presidential Address
Authors: Larsen R. Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
R. Paul Larsen was born December 1, 1926 in Orem, Utah. Paul grew up on a general crop, dairy and fruit farm. He received his BS degree in Horticulture from Utah State University in 1950; MS in Horticulture from Kansas State University in 1951 and PhD in Horticulture from Michigan State University in 1955. He served one year in the Merchant Marines during World War II and served in the armed forces from 1951-1953. Dr. Larsen joined the faculty at Michigan State University as an Assistant Professor of Horticulture in 1955; was promoted to Associate Professor in 1959 and Professor in 1965. In 1968 he accepted the position of Superintendent and Horticulturist at the Tree Fruit Research Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, Washington and currently serves in that capacity.
Growth of ‘Sunny Mandalay’ Chrysanthemums in Hardwood-Bark-Amended Media as Affected by Insolubilized Poly(ethylene Oxide)1
Authors: Still Steven M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Sunny Mandalay plants were grown in hardwood bark media amended with various levels of insoluble poly (ethylene oxide) (Viterra Hydrogel, VH). Plants grown in rates ranging from 57–454 g/0.03 m3 required less watering, had increased shelf life, and exhibited no phytotoxicity.
Low Pressure (Hypobaric) Storage of Avocados1
Authors: Spalding Donald H. , Reeder William F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Waldin’, ‘Booth 8’, and ‘Lula’ avocados (Persea americana Miller) were not acceptable when softened at 21.1 °C in air under normal pressure, if they had been stored for 4–6 weeks at 7.2-10.0°, 98-100% relative humidity, and an atmospheric pressure of 76, 152, or 760 mm Hg. ‘Waldin’ avocados were acceptable when softened after 25 days at 7.2°C and 91 mm Hg provided that storage was in 2% O2 and 10% CO2. The results suggest that atmospheres both low in O2 and high in CO2 are necessary for the successful storage of avocados under low pressure. Under these conditions the low pressure system is comparable to the standard controlled atmosphere system in which avocados are stored in 2% O2 and 10% CO2 at normal atmospheric pressure.
Effect of Photoperiod on Endogenous Abscisic Acid in Malus and Betula1
Authors: Powell Loyd E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd., M. domestica Borkh. cv. Northern Spy and Betula papyrifera Marsh were grown under short and long photoperiods, with other environmental conditions being similar. M. hupehensis seedlings stopped elongation under short days (SD) and continued growth under long days (LD). There was no significant difference in abscisic acid (ABA) content in shoot tips taken from seedlings under either photoperiod. ‘Northern Spy’ seedlings ceased growth under SD, but neither did they grow vigorously under LD. Shoot tips of these seedlings were not significantly higher in ABA content when grown under SD. Betula seedlings discontinued elongation under short photoperiods, while LD promoted growth. Betula shoot tips from LD seedlings had more ABA than from seedlings grown under SD. These data do not support the hypothesis that SD causes cessation of shoot elongation by inducing a build up of ABA.
Foliar Sprays of Silicon Dioxide-containing Compound Reduce Russeting in ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruits1
Authors: Edgerton L. J. , Veinbrants N. , Hutchinson J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single and multiple foliar sprays of a commercial formulation containing silicon dioxide, when applied on ‘Golden Delicious’ starting at the petal fall stage, significantly reduced fruit russeting. In 4 trials the 2-spray treatment (petal fall and petal fall + 8 to 10 days) gave better control than a single application at petal fall. In a single trial a third application 21 days after petal fall gave no further reduction in russet. The treatments did not significantly alter fruit size, shape, seed number or maturity date.
Influence of Peach Seedling Rootstocks on Perennial Canker of Peach1
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The influence of peach seedling rootstocks on natural incidence and severity of perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.) on the peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch cvs. Babygold 5, Redhaven, and Loring) was determined in their 8th year. Ratings of natural incidence and severity of canker usually were lowest on trees of these cultivars on Harrow Blood and highest on Rutgers Red Leaf rootstocks. Rootstocks influenced numbers and size of cankers on the trunks and crotches of ‘Babygold 5’ and on the main scaffolds of ‘Redhaven’. The influence of Harrow Blood rootstock on promoting a lower incidence and severity of canker was postulated to be caused by its known effect on enhancement of stem hardiness of peach cultivars.
Development of Fj Spinach Hybrids
Authors: Webb R. E. , Thomas C. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Until the late 1950's, the U.S. spinach industry was not a highly viable one. Cultivars were mostly of European origin, low yielding and susceptible to the internationally important downy mildew disease. Because of the uncertain future of the spinach industry, seed companies in the U.S. were not progressing toward a competitive position with seed suppliers in Europe.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization of the Bromeliad, Aechmea fasciata Baker1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grade and color of the bromeliad, Aechmea fasciata, improved with increased N. Increased K fertilization increased grade but decreased color. Phosphorus had no effect. Placement of the fertilizer solution and water in the vase of the bromeliad was not essential for the production of quality bromeliads under greenhouse conditions.
Relationship between Ethylene Level and Varietal Flavor in ‘Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Blanpied G. D. , Blak Virginia A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Delicious’ apples, (Malus domestica Borkh.) were picked at weekly intervals from trees sprayed either with succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), with daminozide + (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) + α-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (fenoprop), and untreated. When evaluations were made 1 day and also 8 days after picking, ethylene levels for fruits lacking varietal flavor were significantly lower than ethylene levels for fruits with varietal flavor, regardless of previous hormone treatment. However, the relationship between ethylene level and the presence or absence of varietal flavor was confounded by the length of the period between harvest and analysis.
Stimulation of Ethylene and CO2 Production of Mature-green Tomatoes by Impact Bruising1
Authors: MacLeod R. F. , Kader A. A. , Morris L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The severity of internal damage to mature-green tomatoes increased with the number of drops. Impact-bruised, mature-green tomatoes, (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. Cal Ace and Tropic), exhibited an increase in ethylene production within 1 hour after injury. When mature-green fruits of ‘Manapal’, ‘Tropic’, ‘Cal Ace’ and ‘VFN Bush’ were impact-bruised all cultivars except ‘VFN Bush’ exhibited sustained increases in rate of ethylene and CO2 production. The magnitude of ethylene production increased with number of impacts. Ripening of bruised fruit tended to be accelerated, and titratable acidity was decreased.