bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of parastomal hernia repair after national centralization
Authors: Helgstrand Frederik , Henriksen Nadia A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In 2010, it was decided to centralize parastomal hernia repairs to five specialized hernia centres in Denmark to improve outcomes. The aim of this nationwide cohort study was to evaluate whether centralization of parastomal hernia repairs has had an impact on outcomes. Specifically, readmission, reoperation for complication, and operation for recurrence were analysed before and after centralization.

Methods
By merging clinical and administrative outcome data from the Danish Hernia Database with those from the Danish National Patient Registry, all patients undergoing parastomal hernia repair in Denmark from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2018 were included. Centralization was defined as having at least 70 per cent of procedures were performed at one of the five national centres. Readmission, reoperation, and recurrence rates for emergency and elective repairs were evaluated before and after centralization.

Results
In total, 1062 patients were included. Median follow-up was 992 days. Overall, the centralization process took 7 years. For elective repairs, the readmission, reoperation, mortality, and recurrence rates were comparable before and after centralization, but more patients overall and more patients with co-morbidity were offered surgery after centralization. For emergency repairs, there was a significant reduction in rates of reoperation (from 44.9 per cent (48 of 107) to 23 per cent (14 of 62); P = 0.004) and mortality (from 10.3 per cent (11 of 107) to 2 per cent (1 of 62); P = 0.034) after centralization.

Conclusion
Centralization led to more elective operations and better outcomes when emergency repair was needed. Centralization of parastomal hernia repair led to more patients receiving elective repair and significantly improved outcomes after emergency repair.
Lung Lobe Segmentation and Feature Extraction-Based Hierarchical Attention Network for COVID-19 Prediction from Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Christina Magneta S , Sundar C , Thanabal M S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rising respiratory sickness. It causes harsh pneumonia and is considered to cover higher collisions in the healthcare domain. The diagnosis at an early stage is more complex to get accurate treatment for reducing the stress in the clinical sector. Chest X-ray scan is the standard imaging diagnosis test employed for pneumonia disease. Automatic detection of COVID-19 helps to control the community outbreak but tracing this viral infection through X-ray results in a challenging task in the medical community. To automatically detect the viral disease in order to reduce the mortality rate, an effective COVID-19 detection method is modelled in this research by the proposed manta-ray multi-verse optimization-based hierarchical attention network (MRMVO-based HAN) classifier. Accordingly, the MRMVO is the incorporation of manta-ray foraging optimization and multi-verse optimizer. Based on the segmented lung lobes, the features are acquired from segmented regions in such a way that the process of COVID-19 detection mechanism is carried out with the features acquired from interested lobe regions. The proposed method has good performance with the measures, such as accuracy, true positive rate and true negative rate with the values of 93.367, 89.921 and 95.071%.
Alaska pollock gelatin sealant shows long-term efficacy and safety in a pulmonary air leakage rat model
Authors: Yanagihara Takahiro , Maki Naoki , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Kobayashi Naohiro , Kikuchi Shinji , Goto Yukinobu , Ichimura Hideo , Watanabe Shiharu , Taguchi Tetsushi , Sato Yukio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Postoperative prolonged air leakage is a frequent complication following lung resection. We have shown the high adhesive quality of a newly developed sealant based on a hydrophobically modified Alaska pollock-derived gelatin (ApGltn) sealant in acute in vivo settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of ApGltn sealant using rats as a preclinical model.

METHODS
An air leakage rat model with a 5-mm pleural defect was created, to which ApGltn sealant or fibrin sealant was applied. In both groups, the rats were evaluated on days 1, 7, 14 and 28. In the ApGltn sealant group, days 56 and 84 were added to evaluate absorption as sealant was still present on day 28. The number of rats in each subgroup was 4 (for a total of 40). Lung specimens and blood samples were obtained for histological and haematological assessment.

RESULTS
No findings suggesting infection or air leakage were observed. ApGltn sealant was absorbed from day 56 to day 84. Histologically, although neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltrations on the lung side did not differ between groups, those on the sealant side were significantly less in the ApGltn sealant group. Blood sample tests revealed no significant findings suggesting inflammation or organ damage in either group.

CONCLUSIONS
ApGltn sealant showed long-term sealing efficacy and safety with mild inflammation in a pulmonary air leakage rat model. ApGltn sealant is expected to be a safe and effective sealant for clinical applications.
Risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a nationwide Danish study
Authors: Olsen Thomas , Jørgensen Ole Dan , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Thøgersen Anna Margrethe , Philbert Berit Thornvig , Frausing Maria Hee Jung Park , Sandgaard Niels Christian Foldager , Johansen Jens Brock 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is a severe complication to modern management of cardiac arrhythmias. The CIED type and the type of surgery are recognized as risk factors for CIED infections, but knowledge of patient-related risk factors is scarce. This study aimed to identify lifelong patient-related risk factors for CIED infections.Methods and resultsConsecutive Danish patients undergoing a CIED implantation or reoperation between January 1996 and April 2018 were included. The cohort consisted of 84 429 patients undergoing 108 494 CIED surgeries with a combined follow-up of 458 257 CIED-years. A total of 1556 CIED explantations were classified as either pocket (n = 1022) or systemic CIED infection (n = 534). Data were cross-linked with records from the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish National Prescription Registry. Using multiple-record and multiple-event per subject proportional hazard analysis, specific patient-related risk factors were identified but with several variations amongst the subtypes of CIED infection. CIED reoperations were associated with the highest risk of pocket CIED infection but also CIED type, young age, and prior valvular surgery [hazard ratio (HR): 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–2.04]. Severe renal insufficiency/dialysis (HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.65–3.49), dermatitis (HR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.92–4.05), and prior valvular surgery (HR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.59–2.75) were associated with the highest risk of systemic CIED infections. Congestive heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and temporary pacing were not significant at multivariate analysis.ConclusionSpecific comorbidities and surgical procedures were associated with a higher risk of CIED infections but with variations amongst pocket and systemic CIED infection. Pocket CIED infections were associated with CIED reoperations, young age and more complex type of CIED, whereas systemic CIED infections were associated with risk factors predisposing to bacteraemia.
Fully joint inversion of the 2016 Mw 7.6 Chiloé earthquake
Authors: Bravo F , Peyrat S , Delgado F , Fuentes M , Derode B , Perez A , Campos J 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
A large (Mw 7.6) megathrust earthquake occurred on 2016 December 25 in Southern Chile, south of the Chiloé Island (74.2°W, 43.3°S) in the South America–Nazca subduction zone. This earthquake was the first large event in this seismotectonic segment since the Mw 9.5 1960 Valdivia megathrust earthquake and broke a ~50-km-long segment of the southern part of its rupture zone. Source parameters are inferred from teleseismic broad-bands, strong motions, GPS, cGPS, InSAR and tide gauge data. We show that the joint inversion significantly improves the resolution of the slip distribution, taking advantage of each data set. Our slip models predict a single slip patch of 70 km × 60 km with a maximum slip of 3.2 ± 0.8 m and a moment magnitude of 7.64. The hypothesis from previous studies that the Chiloé earthquake released energy accumulated before the Valdivia earthquake is not supported by the ensemble of geodetic, seismological and tsunami data. Hence, the Chiloé earthquake most likely released all the strain accumulated in the rupture area since the 1960 earthquake.
Longitudinal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Antibody Responses and Identification of Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Among Healthcare Workers Using Nucleocapsid Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Anderson Mark , Stec Michael , Gosha Amy , Mohammad Taha , Boler Michael , Tojo Suarez Rebeca , Behun Dylan , Landay Alan , Cloherty Gavin , Moy James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Long-term studies of vaccine recipients are necessary to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody durability and assess the impact of booster doses on antibody levels and protection from infection. The identification of vaccine breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated populations will be important in understanding vaccine efficacy and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine escape capacity.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) receptor-binding domain and nucleocapsid (N) immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels were measured in a longitudinal study of 1000 Chicago healthcare workers who were infection naive or previously infected and then vaccinated. Changes in S and N IgG were followed up through 14 months, and vaccine breakthrough infections were identified by increasing levels of N IgG.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 S IgG antibody levels among previously infected and previously noninfected individuals decreased steadily for 11 months after vaccination. Administration of a booster 8–11 months after vaccination increased S IgG levels &gt;2-fold beyond those observed after 2 doses, resulting in S IgG levels that were indistinguishable between previously infected and uninfected individuals. Increases in N IgG identified vaccine breakthrough infections and showed &gt;15% breakthrough infection rates during the Omicron wave starting in December 2021.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 antibody changes after vaccination and breakthrough infections and identify high levels of vaccine breakthrough infections during the Omicron wave, based on N IgG increases.
The Person of the Author: Constructing Gendered Scholars in Religious Studies Book Reviews
Authors: Ali Kecia , Serrano Lolo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article uses quantitative and qualitative methods to explore persistent gender biases in fifteen years of book reviews in the Journal of the American Academy of Religion (2006–2020). The JAAR has historically reviewed books by men and relied on male reviewers out of proportion to their share of the academy’s membership. Although these rates have shifted toward balance over time, sexist biases in reviewers’ language and citation practices persist. In keeping with other research on gendered agency in language, we find that reviewers of all genders emphasize male scholars’ expertise and esteem and disproportionately refer to male thinkers and their ideas in reviews, with male reviewers also citing work by men at a much higher rate. We argue that these practices, which both reflect and compound existing inequalities in the field of religious studies as well as in academia and society broadly, should be changed and suggest some strategies for reviewers, editors, and journals to adopt.
Distinct components of alert fatigue in physicians’ responses to a noninterruptive clinical decision support alert
Authors: Murad Douglas A , Tsugawa Yusuke , Elashoff David A , Baldwin Kevin M , Bell Douglas S 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveClinical decision support (CDS) alerts may improve health care quality but “alert fatigue” can reduce provider responsiveness. We analyzed how the introduction of competing alerts affected provider adherence to a single depression screening alert.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the audit data from all occurrences of a CDS alert at a large academic health system. For patients who screen positive for depression during ambulatory visits, a noninterruptive alert was presented, offering a number of relevant documentation actions. Alert adherence was defined as the selection of any option offered within the alert. We assessed the effect of competing clinical guidance alerts presented during the same encounter and the total of all CDS alerts that the same provider had seen in the prior 90 days, on the probability of depression screen alert adherence, adjusting for physician and patient characteristics.ResultsThe depression alert fired during 55 649 office visits involving 418 physicians and 40 474 patients over 41 months. After adjustment, physicians who had seen the most alerts in the prior 90 days were much less likely to respond (adjusted OR highest–lowest quartile, 0.38; 95% CI 0.35–0.42; P &lt; .001). Competing alerts in the same visit further reduced the likelihood of adherence only among physicians in the middle two quartiles of alert exposure in the prior 90 days.ConclusionsAdherence to a noninterruptive depression alert was strongly associated with the provider’s cumulative alert exposure over the past quarter. Health systems should monitor providers’ recent alert exposure as a measure of alert fatigue.
The urban wage premium and spatial sorting on observed and unobserved ability
Authors: Eliasson Kent , Westerlund Olle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We estimate static and dynamic agglomeration effects on earnings among university graduates using Swedish longitudinal population register data. The prime interest lies with whether and how the dynamic effects of big city work experience vary by observed ability of workers and whether the effects are portable after relocation. Urban wage premium and spatial sorting of university graduates are analysed by using information on school grades, parental education and university rank. We find that the value of accumulated big city work experience increases with observed ability. The dynamic premium of working in bigger cities is not lost when moving to smaller cities, suggesting that it reflects learning effects and human capital accumulation. Our findings indicate systematic spatial sorting on observed indicators of ability as well as on unobserved productive traits. Sorting on unobserved abilities is driven primarily by graduates in the upper part of the observed ability distribution and is apparent also when taking dynamic learning effects into consideration.
Spermine inhibits PAMP-induced ROS and Ca2+ burst and reshapes the transcriptional landscape of PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Chi , Atanasov Kostadin E , Alcázar Rubén 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Polyamines are small polycationic amines whose levels increase during defense. Previous studies support the contribution of the polyamine spermine to defense responses. However, the potential contribution of spermine to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) has not been completely established. Here, we compared the contribution of spermine and putrescine to early and late PTI responses in Arabidopsis. We found that putrescine and spermine have opposite effects on PAMP-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with putrescine increasing and spermine lowering the flg22-stimulated ROS burst. Through genetic and pharmacological approaches, we found that the inhibitory effect of spermine on flg22-elicited ROS production is independent of polyamine oxidation, nitric oxide, and salicylic acid signaling but resembles chemical inhibition of RBOHD (RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D). Spermine can also suppress ROS elicited by FLS2-independent but RBOHD-dependent pathways, thus pointing to compromised RBOHD activity. Consistent with this, we found that spermine but not putrescine dampens flg22-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ influx. Finally, we found that both polyamines differentially reshape transcriptional responses during PTI and disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Overall, we provide evidence for the differential contributions of putrescine and spermine to PTI, with an impact on plant defense.
Inferring subhalo effective density slopes from strong lensing observations with neural likelihood-ratio estimation
Authors: Zhang Gemma , Mishra-Sharma Siddharth , Dvorkin Cora 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Strong gravitational lensing has emerged as a promising approach for probing dark matter (DM) models on sub-galactic scales. Recent work has proposed the subhalo effective density slope as a more reliable observable than the commonly used subhalo mass function. The subhalo effective density slope is a measurement independent of assumptions about the underlying density profile and can be inferred for individual subhaloes through traditional sampling methods. To go beyond individual subhalo measurements, we leverage recent advances in machine learning and introduce a neural likelihood-ratio estimator to infer an effective density slope for populations of subhaloes. We demonstrate that our method is capable of harnessing the statistical power of multiple subhaloes (within and across multiple images) to distinguish between characteristics of different subhalo populations. The computational efficiency warranted by the neural likelihood-ratio estimator over traditional sampling enables statistical studies of DM perturbers and is particularly useful as we expect an influx of strong lensing systems from upcoming surveys.
Mitochondrial aggregation caused by cytochalasin B compromises the efficiency and safety of three-parent embryo
Authors: Li Ying , Shi Sanbao , Yuan Jin , Xiao Xi , Ji Dongmei , Pan Jianxin , Min Zhunyuan , Wang Hao , Sha Hongying , Ji Yazhong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It is widely accepted that cytochalasin B (CB) is required in enucleation of the oocyte in order to stabilize the cytoplasm. However, CB treatment results in the uneven distribution of mitochondria, with aggregation towards the nucleus, which might compromise the efficiency and safety of a three-parent embryo. Here, we demonstrated that CB treatment affected mitochondrial dynamics, spindle morphology and mitochondrial DNA carryover in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results showed that mouse oocytes treated with over 1 μg/ml CB exhibited a more aggregated pattern of mitochondria and diminished filamentous actin expression. Abnormal fission of mitochondria together with changes in spindle morphology increased as CB concentration escalated. Based on the results of mouse experiments, we further revealed the practical value of these findings in human oocytes. Chip-based digital PCR and pyrosequencing revealed that the mitochondrial carryover in reconstituted human embryos was significantly reduced by modifying the concentration of CB from the standard 5 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml before spindle transfer and pronuclear transfer. In conclusion, our findings provide an optimal manipulation for improving the efficiency and safety of mitochondrial replacement therapy.
Acute heart failure due to left common iliac arteriovenous fistula: A case of VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroki , Kobayashi Daisuke , Nakamura Gen , Aida Ryo , Horii Yosuke , Okamoto Takeshi , Murakami Shuichi , Kondo Daisuke , Tsuchida Naomi , Uchiyama Yuri , Maeda Ayaka , Kirino Yohei , Matsumoto Naomichi , Kurosawa Yoichi , Hasegawa Eriko , Wakamatsu Ayako , Narita Ichiei 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We describe the case of a 78-year-old man presenting with multiple oedematous erythemas, fever, and arthralgia who subsequently developed neutrophil infiltration into the cartilage of the bilateral auricularis, consistent with relapsing polychondritis. A skin biopsy of the erythema on his right arm showed dense neutrophilic infiltration into the dermis, while a bone marrow aspirate revealed myelodysplastic syndromes with characteristic vacuoles in myeloid precursor cells. Although the patient achieved remission with high-dose oral prednisolone, the inflammatory symptoms relapsed, and he was resistant to colchicine and cyclosporine. The patient spontaneously developed left leg oedema and high-output cardiac failure caused by an arteriovenous fistula with a common iliac artery aneurysm. We successfully performed a two-stage surgery using internal iliac artery coil embolisation and endovascular aortic repair of the iliac aneurysm. We assumed the patient was suffering from large-vessel vasculitis such as giant cell arteritis or Takayasu’s arteritis. We treated him with tocilizumab in addition to prednisolone, and the febrile events and elevated C-reactive protein levels improved. One year later, sequencing of ubiquitylation-initiating E1 enzyme using peripheral blood leucocytes revealed somatic variants (c.121A&gt;C p.Met41Leu), confirming the diagnosis of vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome. This case suggests that arteriovenous fistula could be a complication of VEXAS syndrome with large-vessel vasculitis, and adequate surgical intervention and prompt diagnosis are essential for rescue. Although arteriovenous fistula is a rare complication of VEXAS syndrome, physicians should be aware of this complication to ensure prompt diagnosis and timely surgical intervention.