bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The color of nonprofit leadership: Nonprofits with a CEO of color
Authors: Lee Young‐joo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines how a set of organizational characteristics relates to a nonprofit's likelihood of having a chief executive officer (CEO) of color, focusing on board diversity, revenue streams, risk aversion, and organizational capacity. The analysis of 2150 501(c)(3) organizations with the GuideStar Platinum Seal of Transparency reveals a positive association between board racial diversity and having a minority CEO, with the likelihood of having a CEO of color increasing by 1.1% when the proportion of racial minorities on the board increases by 1%. Findings also show that the likelihood of having a CEO of color increases with the number of paid staff and that environmental and animal‐focused organizations are less likely to have a CEO of color. Overall, the findings suggest that building a racially diverse board is key to improving the racial diversity of nonprofit executive leadership.
Thoughts on the end of life in patients with oxygen‐dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Skär Lisa , Borg Christel , Emtner Margareta , Ekström Magnus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to deepen the current knowledge of how patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and long‐term oxygen treatment think about and expect end‐of‐life.DesignA qualitative design was used.MethodsA purposeful sample of 19 patients with oxygen‐dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was obtained from the Swedish National Registry on Respiratory Failure (Swedevox). Data was collected with semi‐structured interviews and analysed using a hermeneutic approach.ResultsThe analysis revealed three themes: Living in the present without a future; difficulty talking about the uncertainty; and feeling anxious about leaving family behind. Participants indicated that healthcare professionals should invite them to mutual discussions as it was easier to reject an invitation if they could not talk right then, than to initiate a discussion themselves. Start of home oxygen or a deteriorating health status may be an important time to clinically address existential and end‐of‐life issues.
A resilient distributed optimization strategy against false data injection attacks
Authors: Liu Li‐Ning , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, the distributed push‐pull gradient optimization algorithm over directed communication network under false data injection (FDI) attacks is investigated. First, the convergence of the algorithm under FDI attacks is analyzed, and the conditions are presented to ensure convergence. Second, on the basis, a distributed reputation‐based neighborhood‐observe strategy is proposed, which can detect the malicious agents residing in the network and isolate them. Moreover, different from the existing resilient strategies, the influence of the false data on the algorithm is eliminated completely to ensure that the remaining normal agents can converge to the optimal solution. Finally, some examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Study on the failure mechanism of 1060‐H112 aluminum alloy‐carbon/glass fiber laminate
Authors: Deng Yunfei , Wang Ruiwen , Liang Xupeng , Peng Jie , Wei Gang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFiber‐metal laminates (FMLs) are attracting much attention from researchers as emerging aerospace materials. In this paper, 1060‐H112 aluminum alloy‐carbon/glass fiber laminates were prepared by vacuum bagging method. Subsequently, based on tensile, three‐point bending and low‐velocity impact experiments, the quasi‐static mechanical properties as well as the dynamic response to impact of the two fiber laminates were investigated. The results show that the carbon fiber metal laminate (CARALL) has stronger tensile strength and inter‐ply tensile consistency, while the glass fiber metal laminate (GLARE) has better bending resistance. The impact response of CARALL and GLARE is closely related to the impactor shape and impact energy. The peak loads of the FMLs increased with increasing impact energy over the range of impact energies tested. However, the peak load of CARALL is more sensitive to the impact energy, while the deformation of GLARE is more sensitive to the impact energy. With complete penetration of the impactor into the target, the fibers of GLARE were ductile fracture and fibers of CARALL were brittle fracture for the blunt impactor impact, while the fibers of both GLARE and CARALL were ductile fracture for the hemispherical impactor impact. Under the impact of both impactors, two types of FMLs showed matrix broken, delamination, and local debonding.
Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and their formulation into face masks: An antibacterial study
Authors: Humphreys Salas Zaira , Martínez Ávila Ariadna Fernanda , Hernández Orozco María Mónica , Elizalde Peña Eduardo A. , Palma Tirado Lourdes , Baldenegro Pérez Leonardo Aurelio , Padilla Vaca Felipe , Luna‐Bárcenas Gabriel , España Sánchez Beatriz Liliana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report the facile ultrasound‐assisted synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using blueberries extract (Vaccinium corymbosum) under environmental conditions and their incorporation into face masks as an effective antibacterial additive. For this purpose, the hydro‐alcoholic blueberry extract was combined 1:1 with a metal precursor (CuSO4). The chemical reduction process was improved by ultrasound‐assisted method for 30 min, obtaining semispherical CuNPs ranging ca. 3–12 nm employing TEM analysis. Freshly synthesized CuNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectra, demonstrating the characteristic SPR absorption band at 535 nm. XRD patterns of CuNPs powder revealed the crystalline structure FCC of CuNPs, without CuO/CuO2 species. Antibacterial activity (AA) of biosynthesized CuNPs was evaluated against two high virulence pathogens: Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, after 1 and 3 h of contact, showing a MIC of 200 μg/ml, and a CMB of 400 μg/ml. To validate the potential biological application of CuNPs were incorporated into PES fibers and deposited at the surface of non‐woven face masks against Escherichia coli and the airborne bacteria S. aureus, demonstrating their high antibacterial capacity after 24 h. Our results represent a facile and green method to produce high amounts of antibacterial CuNPs (yield ca. 1 g/L of reaction), with potential application as an effective additive for antimicrobial coatings formulation.
Social media for early characterization of pandemic symptoms: A qualitative analysis of patient‐reported COVID‐19 experiences
Authors: Khashei Melissa , Janiczak Scott , St. Clair Christopher , Liu Wei , Song Jae Joon , Hua Wei , Falconer Monique , Eworuke Efe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients use social media forums to discuss their medical history and healthcare experiences, providing early insight into real‐world patient experiences. We analyzed COVID‐19 patient experiences from Reddit social media posts.MethodsWe extracted Reddit Application Programming Interface data for the subreddit/COVID‐19 positive from March to August 2020 and selected users tagged as “Tested Positive” or “Tested Positive‐ Me” flair and who posted at least thirty times in any calendar month, excluding users who explicitly stated location outside of the U.S. For tested‐positive patients (users), we created and reviewed individual case profiles summarizing their COVID‐19 symptoms, testing, and medications or treatments. Data were imported to Nvivo qualitative analysis software and qualitative coding was conducted.FindingThere were 31 759 posts and comments from 720 users in March to May 2020 (Q1) and 40 446 posts and comments from 1649 users from June to August 2020 (Q2). Final count of “Tested Positive” was 1296 users (280 in Q1 and 1016 in Q2). Across both quarters, frequently reported symptoms included sore throat, headaches, fevers, or chills. Loss of sense of smell or taste were reported by users in early March, prior to the inclusion of this symptom to the CDC list in April and GI‐related symptoms and fatigue were reported in the March to May data, before they were added as a COVID‐19 associated symptom in July 2020. Users also reported in‐depth descriptions of their symptoms, motivations for testing, and long‐term impacts such as post‐viral fatigue.InterpretationSocial media data can potentially serve as an early surveillance data source in a pandemic and offer preliminary insights into patient disease experiences.
Identify, analyse and mitigate—Quantification of technical risks in PV power systems
Authors: Herz Magnus , Friesen Gabi , Jahn Ulrike , Koentges Marc , Lindig Sascha , Moser David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTechnical risks are important criteria to consider when investing in new and existing PV installations. Quantitative knowledge of these risks is one of the key factors for the different stakeholders, such as asset managers, banks or project developers, to make reliable business decisions before and during the operation of their PV assets. Within the IEA PVPS Task 13 Expert Group, we aim to increase the knowledge on methodologies to assess technical risks and mitigation measures in terms of economic impact and effectiveness. The developed outline provides a reproducible and transparent technique to manage the complexity of risk analysis and processing in order to establish a common practice for professional risk assessment. Semi‐quantitative and quantitative methodologies are introduced to assess technical risks in PV power systems and provide examples of common technical risks described and rated in the new created PV failure fact sheets (PVFS). Besides the PVFS based on expert knowledge and expert opinion, an update on the statistics of the PV failure degradation survey is given. With the knowledge acquired and data collected, the risk and cost–benefit analysis is demonstrated in a case study that shows methods for prioritising decisions from an economic perspective and provided important results for risk managing strategies.
Protein sample preparation for tissue distribution study
Authors: Cheng Linjia , Xu Yilu , Zhu Kangling , Liang Bin , Zhang Shuyan , Liu Pingsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe distribution and expression level of a protein among animal tissues is indicative of its possible roles. It is important to establish a generally applicable method to prepare protein samples with high‐quality and achieve near 100% recovery of proteins from animal tissues.Experimental DesignDuring preparation, to sufficiently dissolve and maintain stability of almost all proteins from tissues, as well as to avoid most contaminations affecting protein detection, 2×SDS Sample Buffer, sonication and trichloroacetic acid precipitation are applied.ResultsHere we provide a relatively simple, reproducible, and broadly applicable method for studying protein distribution in most tissues, in which the issues resulting from protein degradation and modification during sample preparation and assay interference by other cellular components like neutral lipids and glycogen could be overcome. Furthermore, this method represents the protein content by equal wet tissue mass, which is a better means to present the expression level of a protein in various tissues. High‐quality protein samples from almost all tissues could be prepared.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe samples produced are amenable to tissue distribution analysis by Western blotting and for silver/Coomassie staining, proteomics, and other protein analyses, which would contribute to potential biomarkers or treatments for a disease.
Conformal Interactions Between Matter and Higher‐Spin (Super)Fields
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Ponds Michael , Raptakis Emmanouil S. N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn even spacetime dimensions, the interacting bosonic conformal higher‐spin (CHS) theory can be realised as an induced action. The main ingredient in this definition is the model describing a complex scalar field φ coupled to an infinite set of background CHS fields h, with possessing a non‐abelian gauge symmetry. Two characteristic features of the perturbative constructions of given in the literature are: (i) the background spacetime is flat; and (ii) conformal invariance is not manifest. In the present paper we provide a new derivation of this action in four dimensions such that (i) is defined on an arbitrary conformally‐flat background; and (ii) the background conformal symmetry is manifestly realised. Next, our results are extended to the supersymmetric case. Specifically, we construct, for the first time, a model for a conformal scalar/chiral multiplet Φ coupled to an infinite set of background higher‐spin superfields H. Our action possesses a non‐abelian gauge symmetry which naturally generalises the linearised gauge transformations of conformal half‐integer superspin multiplets. The other fundamental features of this model are: (i) is defined on an arbitrary conformally‐flat superspace background; and (ii) the background superconformal symmetry is manifest. Making use of , an interacting superconformal higher‐spin theory can be defined as an induced action.
Plant growers' environmental consciousness may not be enough to mitigate pollinator declines: a questionnaire‐based case study in Hungary
Authors: Varga‐Szilay Zsófia , Pozsgai Gábor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides are one of the most important anthropogenic‐related stressors. In times of global pollinator decline, the role of integrated farming and urban gardens in supporting wild pollinators is becoming increasingly important. We circulated an online questionnaire to survey plant protection practices among Hungarian farmers and garden owners with a particular emphasis on pollinator protection.RESULTSWe found that plant growers rely heavily on pesticide use, and pesticides are used widely in otherwise pollinator‐friendly gardens. Whether pesticide use practices were driven by expert opinion and respondent gender were the best predictors of pesticide use. Although most respondents supported pollinators, pesticides are also used widely among home garden owners, which can pose a non‐evident ecological trap for pollinator populations in the gardens.CONCLUSIONSpecial attention should be paid to implementing measures to reduce pesticide use not only in farmland, but also in home gardens. Environmental education and financial support through agroecological schemes could efficiently promote the transition away from pesticide use. However, whereas farmers can be encouraged to reduce pesticide use mostly by expert advice, garden owners are likely to rely on more conventional information channels. The attitudes of Hungarian plant growers can provide an insight into pesticide use practices of Central and Eastern European countries, but similar surveys are needed across Europe for a complete understanding of broad‐scale processes. This work lays the foundations for similar studies that can inform and facilitate the transformation to pesticide‐free farming and gardening. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Mobility of oxathiapiprolin in and between tomato plants
Authors: Cohen Yigal , Weitman Michal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxathiapiprolin (OXPT; FRAC code 49) is a new piperidinyl‐thiazole isooxazoline anti‐oomycete fungicide that targets oxysterol‐binding proteins. The fungicide is known to translocate acropetally from root to shoot to protect plants against fungal attack.RESULTSOXPT is ambimobile. It can also translocate basipetally from shoot to root. OXPT exhibits an unprecedented capacity for trans‐plant protection. When two tomato plants are grown in one pot, and one is treated with OXPT (on the stem, leaves or apex), while the other plant and soil surface are adequately covered, both plants become protected against late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans.CONCLUSIONTrans‐plant systemic protection induced by OXPT involves translocation of the fungicide from the shoot of the treated plant to its root, exudation into the soil and uptake by the root of the neighboring untreated plant to protect it against the disease. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analyses confirmed the occurrence of OXPT in root exudates of OXPT‐treated tomato plants in quantities sufficient to protect detached tomato leaves and intact plants against P. infestans. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
AIDE: Adaptive intrapatient dose escalation designs to accelerate Phase I clinical trials
Authors: Zhou Yanhong , Zhao Yujie , Cicconetti Greg , Mu Yunming , Yuan Ying , Wang Li , Penugonda Sudhir , Salman Zeena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDesigning Phase I clinical trials is challenging when accrual is slow or sample size is limited. The corresponding key question is: how to efficiently and reliably identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) using a sample size as small as possible? We propose model‐assisted and model‐based designs with adaptive intrapatient dose escalation (AIDE) to address this challenge. AIDE is adaptive in that the decision of conducting intrapatient dose escalation depends on both the patient's individual safety data, as well as other enrolled patient's safety data. When both data indicate reasonable safety, a patient may perform intrapatient dose escalation, generating toxicity data at more than one dose. This strategy not only provides patients the opportunity to receive higher potentially more effective doses, but also enables efficient statistical learning of the dose‐toxicity profile of the treatment, which dramatically reduces the required sample size. Simulation studies show that the proposed designs are safe, robust, and efficient to identify the MTD with a sample size that is substantially smaller than conventional interpatient dose escalation designs. Practical considerations are provided and R code for implementing AIDE is available upon request.
Soil health responses of circular grass buffer strips in center‐pivot irrigated agriculture
Authors: Sapkota Sundar , Ghimire Rajan , Angadi Sangamesh V. , Singh Paramveer , VanLeeuwen Dawn , Idowu Omololu J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDecline in water table in the Ogallala Aquifer, along with soil degradation, has threatened the sustainability of agriculture in the US High Plains region. Circular grass buffers in center pivot irrigated cropping systems could support sustainable crop production by providing multiple ecosystem services. This study evaluated soil organic matter (SOM), nutrients, and other selected soil health indicators under circular buffer strip grasses (BSG), adjacent buffer strip corn (Zea mays L.) (BSC), and continuous conventional corn (CCC) in the 0–80 cm soil profile. Soil samples were collected from the center of corn and grass strips for 5 years (2017–2021) and analyzed for nitrate N (NO3−‐N), soil pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, SOM, and soil nutrients. The NO3−‐N under CCC in 0–20 cm (18.4 mg kg−1) and 60–80 cm (4.97 mg kg−1) were 1.56 and 1.96 times higher than BSC. The NO3−‐N was significantly lower under BSG than other treatments in 0–20 cm, 20–40, and 40–60 cm depths. The SOM was similar among all treatments. Response of other nutrients varied among treatments and inter‐annually. Soil pH in 0–20 cm depth was 0.1 and 0.3 units lower in CCC (pH = 7.7) than in BSC and BSG. Soil electrical conductivity was 37.5% and 25% greater in CCC than BSG (0.24 and 0.24 dS m−1) in 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths, respectively. Grass buffer strips maintaining SOM despite no irrigation, less residual N under corn with grass buffer, and less rapid changes in soil pH suggest the potential of grass buffer to maintain soil health in semi‐arid cropping systems facing the transition to dryland.
Etanercept Leads to a Rapid Recovery of a Dabrafenib-/Trametinib-Associated Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-Like Severe Skin Reaction
Authors: Yordanova Krista , Pföhler Claudia , Schweitzer Luca F. , Bourg Catherine , Adam Leonie , Vogt Thomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Targeted therapy with BRAF- and MEK-Inhibitors (BRAFi, MEKi) provides an excellent therapeutic option for patients with malignant melanomas with a BRAF-Mutation. Mild cutaneous adverse events have been common under the BRAF- and MEK-Inhibitor therapy, on the contrary, severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs (SCARs) are rarely reported. We present the case of a 59- year-old female patient who after the resection of cutaneous in-transit metastases of a malignant melanoma received one adjuvant cycle of Nivolumab followed by a switch of the therapy to an oral BRAFi/MEKi therapy. 3–4 Weeks after the therapy switch she developed high fever, chills, progredient general weakness, headaches, abdominal complaints, generalised rash as well as thrombocytopaenia, eosinophilia, elevated liver enzymes, declining kidney, and pulmonary function as well as a maculopapular exanthema. She was diagnosed with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and quickly started recovery after initiation of a high steroid substitution. Under steroid dose reduction, the exanthema worsened and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) was histologically diagnosed. After a series of unsuccessful therapeutic approaches (high dose steroid, human immunoglobulins and ciclosporin) the patient received a single dose of the TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept, which led to a quick recovery. This case demonstrates that DRESS and TEN can present a spectrum of possibly transitioning SCARs providing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Nevertheless, in a such complicated therapeutic setting, etanercept may be lifesaving even after multiple previous unsuccessful therapies. This effective approach provides evidence SCARs due to BRAF/MEK targeted therapy may be driven by TNF-alpha.
Multifunctional Silk Fibroin Methacryloyl Microneedle for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Guan Gaopeng , Zhang Qin , Jiang Zhenzhen , Liu Jie , Wan Jinjing , Jin Ping , Lv Qizhuang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiabetic wound is one of the common complications in diabetic patients, which exhibits chronic, hard‐to‐heal characteristics. The healing process of wounds is impaired by several factors, including excessive oxidative stress, blocked angiogenesis, and bacterial infection. The therapeutic effects of traditional microneedle patches remain not satisfactory, due to their difficulty simultaneously targeting multiple targets to treat diabetic wounds. As such, there is an urgent need to develop a multifunctional microneedle (MN) patch for promoting the healing of diabetic wounds. A multifunctional MN patch with antioxidant, proangiogenesis, and antibacterial capacities was fabricated to target the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds. Silk fibroin methacryloyl, which has excellent biocompatibility, stable mechanical properties, and well processability, and is selected as the base material for multifunctional MN patches. Prussian blue nanozymes (PBNs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are encapsulated in tips of MN patches, Polymyxin is encapsulated in base layers of MN patches. Based on synergic properties of these components, multifunctional MN patches exhibit excellent biocompatibility, drug‐sustained release, proangiogenesis, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. The developed multifunctional MN patches accelerate diabetic wound healing, providing a potential therapeutic approach.