bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High individual repeatability of the migratory behaviour of a long-distance migratory seabird
Authors: Kürten Nathalie , Schmaljohann Heiko , Bichet Coraline , Haest Birgen , Vedder Oscar , González-Solís Jacob , Bouwhuis Sandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the evolution of migration requires knowledge of the patterns, sources, and consequences of variation in migratory behaviour, a need exacerbated by the fact that many migratory species show rapid population declines and require knowledge-based conservation measures. We therefore need detailed knowledge on the spatial and temporal distribution of individuals across their annual cycle, and quantify how the spatial and temporal components of migratory behaviour vary within and among individuals.MethodsWe tracked 138 migratory journeys undertaken by 64 adult common terns (Sterna hirundo) from a breeding colony in northwest Germany to identify the annual spatiotemporal distribution of these birds and to evaluate the individual repeatability of eleven traits describing their migratory behaviour.ResultsBirds left the breeding colony early September, then moved south along the East Atlantic Flyway. Wintering areas were reached mid-September and located at the west and south coasts of West Africa as well as the coasts of Namibia and South Africa. Birds left their wintering areas late March and reached the breeding colony mid-April. The timing, total duration and total distance of migration, as well as the location of individual wintering areas, were moderately to highly repeatable within individuals (repeatability indexes: 0.36–0.75, 0.65–0.66, 0.93–0.94, and 0.98–1.00, respectively), and repeatability estimates were not strongly affected by population-level inter-annual variation in migratory behaviour.ConclusionsWe found large between-individual variation in common tern annual spatiotemporal distribution and strong individual repeatability of several aspects of their migratory behaviour.
Categorising cheetah behaviour using tri-axial accelerometer data loggers: a comparison of model resolution and data logger performance
Authors: McGowan Natasha E. , Marks Nikki J. , Maule Aaron G. , Schmidt-Küntzel Anne , Marker Laurie L. , Scantlebury David M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Extinction is one of the greatest threats to the living world, endangering organisms globally, advancing conservation to the forefront of species research. To maximise the efficacy of conservation efforts, understanding the ecological, physiological, and behavioural requirements of vulnerable species is vital. Technological advances, particularly in remote sensing, enable researchers to continuously monitor movement and behaviours of multiple individuals simultaneously with minimal human intervention. Cheetahs, Acinonyx jubatus, constitute a “vulnerable” species for which only coarse behaviours have been elucidated. The aims of this study were to use animal-attached accelerometers to (1) determine fine-scale behaviours in cheetahs, (2) compare the performances of different devices in behaviour categorisation, and (3) provide a behavioural categorisation framework.

Methods
Two different accelerometer devices (CEFAS, frequency: 30 Hz, maximum capacity: ~ 2 g; GCDC, frequency: 50 Hz, maximum capacity: ~ 8 g) were mounted onto collars, fitted to five individual captive cheetahs. The cheetahs chased a lure around a track, during which time their behaviours were videoed. Accelerometer data were temporally aligned with corresponding video footage and labelled with one of 17 behaviours. Six separate random forest models were run (three per device type) to determine the categorisation accuracy for behaviours at a fine, medium, and coarse resolution.

Results
Fine- and medium-scale models had an overall categorisation accuracy of 83–86% and 84–88% respectively. Non-locomotory behaviours were best categorised on both loggers with GCDC outperforming CEFAS devices overall. On a coarse scale, both devices performed well when categorising activity (86.9% (CEFAS) vs. 89.3% (GCDC) accuracy) and inactivity (95.5% (CEFAS) vs. 95.0% (GCDC) accuracy). This study defined cheetah behaviour beyond three categories and accurately determined stalking behaviours by remote sensing. We also show that device specification and configuration may affect categorisation accuracy, so we recommend deploying several different loggers simultaneously on the same individual.

Conclusion
The results of this study will be useful in determining wild cheetah behaviour. The methods used here allowed broad-scale (active/inactive) as well as fine-scale (e.g. stalking) behaviours to be categorised remotely. These findings and methodological approaches will be useful in monitoring the behaviour of wild cheetahs and other species of conservation interest.
White matter damage due to vascular, tau, and TDP-43 pathologies and its relevance to cognition
Authors: Raghavan Sheelakumari , Przybelski Scott A. , Reid Robert I. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Ramanan Vijay K. , Botha Hugo , Matchett Billie J. , Murray Melissa E. , Reichard R. Ross , Knopman David S. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Jones David T. , Lowe Val J. , Mielke Michelle M. , Machulda Mary M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Kantarci Kejal , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. , Jack Clifford R. , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMulti-compartment modelling of white matter microstructure using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) can provide information on white matter health through neurite density index and free water measures. We hypothesized that cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and TDP-43 proteinopathy would be associated with distinct NODDI readouts of white matter damage which would be informative for identifying the substrate for cognitive impairment. We identified two independent cohorts with multi-shell diffusion MRI, amyloid and tau PET, and cognitive assessments: specifically, a population-based cohort of 347 elderly randomly sampled from the Olmsted county, Minnesota, population and a clinical research-based cohort of 61 amyloid positive Alzheimer’s dementia participants. We observed an increase in free water and decrease in neurite density using NODDI measures in the genu of the corpus callosum associated with vascular risk factors, which we refer to as the vascular white matter component. Tau PET signal reflective of 3R/4R tau deposition was associated with worsening neurite density index in the temporal white matter where we measured parahippocampal cingulum and inferior temporal white matter bundles. Worsening temporal white matter neurite density was associated with (antemortem confirmed) FDG TDP-43 signature. Post-mortem neuropathologic data on a small subset of this sample lend support to our findings. In the community-dwelling cohort where vascular disease was more prevalent, the NODDI vascular white matter component explained variability in global cognition (partial R2of free water and neurite density = 8.3%) and MMSE performance (8.2%) which was comparable to amyloid PET (7.4% for global cognition and 6.6% for memory). In the AD dementia cohort, tau deposition was the greatest contributor to cognitive performance (9.6%), but there was also a non-trivial contribution of the temporal white matter component (8.5%) to cognitive performance. The differences observed between the two cohorts were reflective of their distinct clinical composition. White matter microstructural damage assessed using advanced diffusion models may add significant value for distinguishing the underlying substrate (whether cerebrovascular disease versus neurodegenerative disease caused by tau deposition or TDP-43 pathology) for cognitive impairment in older adults.Graphical abstract
Defining multiple inhabitations of a cave environment using interdisciplinary archaeometry: the ‘Christmas Cave’ of the Wadi en-Nar/Nahal Qidron, West of the Dead Sea
Authors: Rasmussen Kaare Lund , van der Plicht Johannes , Degano Ilaria , Modugno Francesca , Colombini Maria Perla , de la Fuente Guillermo , Delbey Thomas , Frumkin Amos , Davidovich Uri , Porat Roi , Shamir Orit , Sukenik Naama , Doudna Greg , Taylor Joan , Popović Mladen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The present study reports a series of interdisciplinary archaeometrical analyses of objects found in the Christmas Cave, which was discovered by John Allegro and his team in 1960 on the West Bank of the Dead Sea and assumed to be inhabited only in the Chalcolithic era and by Jewish refugees of the second century CE, at the end of the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Like many other Judaean desert caves, there was an abundance of organic material, especially textiles, surviving in the dry environment. In the absence of clear stratigraphy and even a proper publication of the finds, the present study shows how archaeometry can provide important insights. We analysed food crusts on ceramics by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC–MS), made petrographic descriptions to estimated provenance of the ceramics, produced new radiocarbon dates from organic material and thermoluminescence (TL) dates from the pottery. It appears from the data that the Christmas Cave has been briefly inhabited or visited intermittently over a very long time, starting ca. 4000 BCE (the Chalcolithic period), and extending all the way to the Medieval period, even though there is also a concentration of dates near the period of the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–136 CE). We argue, through a detailed analysis of the radiometric and TL-datings and by the artefactual evidence, that there was likely another refuge episode connected with the First Jewish Revolt during which people fled to this cave. However, we see no material connection to Qumran and nearby caves. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of archaeometric studies in cave environments where stratigraphy is veritably absent.
The use of osmoregulators and antioxidants to mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity stress in diploid and tetraploid potato genotypes (Solanum spp.)
Authors: Zaki Haitham E. M. , Radwan Khlode S. A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Many arid and semi-arid areas endure from extensive salinization of agricultural land. Nevertheless, it must either develop salinity-tolerant varieties or use agronomic treatments to alleviate the symptoms of stress. Although the cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum L., is relatively salt sensitive, salinity tolerance was demonstrated in several Solanum relatives. Knowledge of genetic variation for salinity tolerance across diverse species is required for breeding of salinity-tolerant cultivars. Higher osmotic pressures associated with salinity impede plant development and cause plant death; yet, the exogenous application of cellularly recognized molecules to withstand such stress might be a key method.

Results
In vitro studies were performed to determine how much genetic variability for salinity tolerance exists in S. tuberosum (tbr), a tetraploid species and S. chacoense (chc), a diploid species in which 13 genotypes were evaluated under 100, 200 or 300 mmol L−1 NaCl and the average tested parameters were compared with the control (no stress). A further experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous application of osmoregulators and antioxidants, namely, glycine betaine (GB), proline (P) and salicylic acid (SA) at 400, 200 and 100 mg L−1, respectively, which applied solely to counteract the harmful effect of stress on potato plants. The results showed that when plants exposed to salinity, root characteristics, plantlet water content % (PWC), chlorophyll and K+ content, and callus formation all substantially reduced; however, Cl− and Na+ levels, as well as catalase and peroxidase activity, were elevated. In general, chc showed more tolerance compared to tbr with genetic diversity within and among species. Under stress, chc clones, ‘A-6’, ‘C-8’ and ‘D-2’ and tbr cultivars, ‘Diamond’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ were more tolerant and yielded the greatest salinity tolerance index. Under stress but with applied GB, SA and P, the adverse consequences of stress were relieved. GB was found to be a good treatment for enhancing all the examined traits.

Conclusion
The results indicated that there is a significant genetic variation in salt tolerance between (tbr) cultivars and (chc) clones. GB followed by SA and P could completely or partly reverse the adverse impact of salinity stress on potato plants.

Graphical Abstract
Recommendations for long-term outcomes in sepsis and septic shock: a comparison between Japanese and international guidelines
Authors: Kawai Yusuke , Nishida Osamu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021 and the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 share a common issue on long-term outcomes of patients with sepsis and septic shock and their families; however, the focus of the clinical questions and recommendations between the two guidelines varies. Although this may be due to differences in medical resources and healthcare systems between countries and regions, the essence of providing continuous patient- and family-centered care remains unchanged, and both guidelines can be utilized to provide the best practices to improve long-term outcomes.
Metabolic imaging with FDG-PET and time to progression in patients discontinuing immune-checkpoint inhibition for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Ferdinandus Justin , Zaremba Anne , Zimmer Lisa , Umutlu Lale , Seifert Robert , Barbato Francesco , Ugurel Selma , Chorti Eleftheria , Grünwald Viktor , Herrmann Ken , Schadendorf Dirk , Fendler Wolfgang Peter , Livingstone Elisabeth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The optimal duration of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is not well established. Active residual disease is considered prohibitive for treatment discontinuation and its detection by diagnostic CT imaging is limited. Here, we set out to determine the potential added value of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to identify patients at higher risk of relapse following discontinuation of ICB in advanced melanoma.

Methods
Metastatic melanoma patients who discontinued ICB were identified retrospectively. Eligible patients received FDG-PET and diagnostic CT within four months of ICB discontinuation. We defined morphologic response using RECIST v1.1. Complete metabolic response (CMR) was defined as uptake in tumor lesions below background, whereas any site of residual, FDG-avid disease was rated as non-CMR. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP) after therapy discontinuation stratified by morphologic and metabolic imaging response using Kaplan–Meier estimates and log-rank test.

Results
Thiry-eight patients were eligible for this analysis. Median follow-up was 37.3 months since ICB discontinuation. Median TTP in the overall cohort was not reached. A greater proportion of patients were rated as CMR in PET (n = 34, 89.5%) as compared to complete response (CR) in CT (n = 13, 34.2%). Median TTP was reached in patients with non-CMR (12.7 months, 95%CI 4.4-not reached) but not for patients with CMR (log-rank: p < 0.001). All patients with complete response by CT had CMR by PET. In a subset of patients excluding those with complete response by CT, TTP remained significantly different between CMR and non-CMR (log-rank: p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Additional FDG-PET at time of discontinuation of ICB therapy helps identify melanoma patients with a low risk of recurrence and favourable prognosis compared to CT imaging alone. Results may have clinical relevance especially for patients with residual tumor burden.
The Research Family Advisory Committee: the patient and family view of implementing a research-focused patient engagement strategy
Authors: Buchanan Francine , Peasgood Amy , Easton Megan , Haas Karen , Narayanan Unni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatient engagement in research, a collaborative practice of including patients and families as active and respected partners in the research process, leads to improved quality of patient care and positively affects outcomes for patients and families. There is strong support for the benefits of patient engagement. What is less clear are the methods by which organizations can achieve authentic patient engagement in research and the ways a committee structure can support an institutional research engagement need beyond the individual investigators. In this report, we describe the mechanisms needed to support the implementation of a research-focused patient engagement strategy and lessons learned from the patient and family perspective.
Taking simulation out of its “safe container”—exploring the bidirectional impacts of psychological safety and simulation in an emergency department
Authors: Purdy Eve , Borchert Laura , El-Bitar Anthony , Isaacson Warwick , Bills Lucy , Brazil Victoria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSimulation facilitators strive to ensure the psychological safety of participants during simulation events; however, we have limited understanding of how antecedent levels of psychological safety impact the simulation experience or how the simulation experience impacts real-world psychological safety.MethodsWe explored the experience of participants in an embedded, interprofessional simulation program at a large tertiary emergency department (ED) in Australia. We engaged in theoretical thematic analysis of sequential narrative surveys and semi-structured interviews using a previously derived framework of enablers of psychological safety in healthcare. We sought to understand (1) how real-world psychological safety impacts the simulation experience and (2) how the simulation experience influences real-world psychological safety.ResultsWe received 74 narrative responses and conducted 19 interviews. Simulation experience was both influenced by and impacted psychological safety experienced at the individual, team, and organizational levels of ED practice. Most strikingly, simulation seemed to be an incubator of team familiarity with direct impact on real-world practice. We present a model of the bidirectional impact of psychological safety and simulation within healthcare environments.ConclusionOur model represents both opportunity and risk for facilitators and organizations engaging in simulation. It should inform objectives, design, delivery, debriefing, and faculty development and firmly support the situation of simulation programs within the broader cultural ethos and goals of the departments and organizations.
Endophytic ability of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis strain VKK-BB2: new horizons for the development of novel insect pest-resistant crops
Authors: Pola Sunitha , Kesharwani Amit Kumar , Singh Jyoti , Singh Dinesh , Kalia Vinay K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBrinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB),Leucinodes orbonalisGuenee is the key pest of brinjal that causes a significant yield loss. Farmers spray wide range of insecticides right from vegetative stage till last harvesting stage to protect the crop from the notorious BSFB, which leads to pesticide residue and insecticide resistance problems. To overcome this, now focus has shifted to bio pesticides but their commercial application is limited due to their susceptibility to abiotic factors. To overcome these bottlenecks, a hidden ecological role played by entomopathogenic bacteria as endophytes was sought. The control of pests by establishment of potential entomopathogenic bacteria as an endophyte is an alternative method of pest management that may contribute to reduce or eliminate the use of pesticides.ResultsPresent study describes the colonization of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged potential nativeBacillus thuringiensisstrain VKK-BB2 (BtVKK-BB2) in brinjal plants. Seeds and seedlings of brinjal were inoculated withgfp-tagged BtVKK-BB2 cells through seed treatment, soil drenching and foliar spray. After inoculationgfp-tagged bacterium could be re-isolated from all parts of the plant. Presence of bacteria within the leaves was confirmed by amplification ofgfpandcrygene in the re-isolatedBtcolonies from brinjal leaves and shoot. Leaves taken from the BtVKK-BB2 colonized plants were able to cause mortality when fed to neonates ofLeucinodes orbonalis.ConclusionsEstablishment of nativeBtstrain as endophytes in plants, accompanied by the production of Cry proteins opens new horizons for the development of a novel pest-resistant crops which could be an alternative to Bt transgenic crops. However, inoculation of Bt through seed and foliar spray has to be further explored against larval herbivores especially internal borers to enhance its biocontrol potential through endophytic mediation which may open a novel set of strategies to control the insect pests in a sustainable way.Graphical Abstract
Spectrum of central nervous system infections in a tertiary health care centre in Cameroon
Authors: Gams Massi Daniel , Mintyene Mintyene Marcel Roger Rodrigue , Magnerou Annick Mélanie , Eko Seraphine Mojoko , Kenmegne Caroline , Mbahe Salomon , Sounga Bandzouzi Prince Eliot , Mbatchou Ngahane Hugo Bertrand , Mapoure Njankouo Yacouba 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Central nervous system (CNS) infections are serious and debilitating diseases with significant mortality, and high prevalence in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic in Africa. However, their diagnosis remains challenging due to outdated technical platform. We aimed to determine the frequency of CNS infection and to describe the epidemiological, clinical and outcome of this at the Douala General Hospital (DGH), Cameroon. To carry out this study, we collected the medical records of patients hospitalized for CNS infections in the internal medicine department of DGH from January 2015 to December 2019.

Results
Among 8430 files reviewed, 336 cases of CNS infection were identified giving a frequency of CNS infection of 3.99% among which 204 files were included in the study (54.4% were male). HIV infection was found in 147 patients (72.1%) with 38.1% (n = 56) of them on regular follow-up. The most common clinical signs were fever (84.8%), headache (68.6%), meningeal syndrome (38.7%), and seizures (36.3%). Cerebral toxoplasmosis (24.5%), cryptococcal meningitis (21.1%), and acute bacterial meningitis (8.3%) were leading aetiologies. Of the 143 CSF samples, 70.6% (n = 101) were sterile. The in-hospital mortality rate was 23.5% with CNS infection of unknown cause (22.1%) be independently associated to this [OR = 2.24; 95% CI 1.04–4.80, p = 0.039].

Conclusion
Clinical presentations of CNS infections are same with classical data. HIV-related opportunistic infections are the main aetiologies. About one over four patients with CNS died. Two thirds of CSF are sterile using basic laboratory assessment giving a need to identify simple tests to increase sensibility and specificity of diagnostic tools in our setting.