bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Belgium: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: RIHOUX BENOÎT , VANDELEENE AUDREY , DE WINTER LIEVEN , BAUDEWYNS PIERRE , DERUETTE SERGE 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe year 2021 was the first full year for the De Croo I Cabinet, which had been installed in October 2020 after difficult and lengthy negotiations. The oversized and ideologically diverse ‘Vivaldi’ coalition government struggled as it was confronted with the management of the COVID‐19 pandemic, amidst frequent tensions between the coalition partners, with the two largest Flemish parties (Flemish Interest/Vlaams Belang and New Flemish Alliance/Nieuw‐Vlaamse Alliantie) shooting from the opposition. Further, usual disagreements continued to prevail between Flemish and Francophone parties and their respective executives at the subnational level. Hence, discussions on the contours of a – still very tentative – seventh state reform did not make much progress. Wallonia, the country's southern region, was hit by catastrophic floods in July. The whole public response to these floods added up to the massive costs of handling COVID‐19, which resulted in a structurally large budget deficit.L'année 2021 fut la première année complète pour le gouvernement De Croo I entré en fonction en octobre 2020 au terme de longues et difficiles négociations. La coalition ‘Vivaldi’, très large et idéologiquement diversifiée, rencontra bien des difficultés dans sa gestion de la pandémie COVID‐19; cette dernière suscita de fréquentes tensions entre les partenaires de la coalition alors que les deux plus grands partis flamands (le VB et la N‐VA) menaient une opposition active. Par ailleurs, les désaccords habituels se prolongèrent entre les partis flamands et francophones et leurs exécutifs respectifs à l’échelon subnational. Dans ces conditions, les discussions autour d'une septième réforme de l'Etat aux contours encore très vagues ne progressèrent guère. La Wallonie, la région du Sud du pays, fut frappée par des inondations catastrophiques en juillet. La réponse des autorités publiques à ces inondations, conjuguée aux coûts très élevés de la gestion COVID‐19, se traduisit par un déficit budgétaire structurellement élevé.
Memories, museum artefacts and excavations in resolving the history of maternal lineages in the Finnhorse
Authors: Kvist Laura , Honka Johanna , Salazar Daniela , Kirkinen Tuija , Hemmann Karin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe used historical DNA samples to examine the history of a native horse breed, the Finnhorse. Samples were collected from private collections, museums, schools and excavations, representing the times prior to, during, and after the foundation of the breed; from the end of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century. We sequenced a fragment of mitochondrial DNA from these historical samples to study the history and evolution of maternal lineages of horses back to the early days of the breed, compared the mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity of different historical periods and modern day Finnhorses, estimated the effective population sizes, and searched for both temporal and geographic population genetic structure. We observed high maternal haplotype and nucleotide diversity at the time during the foundation of the breed, and a decrease in both measures during 1931–1970. In addition, we observed losses of some haplotypes present in the early stages of the breed. There was only slight evidence of geographical or temporal population structure. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to use such temporal sampling to reveal the history of a specific animal breed.
Retroperitoneoscopic resection of a primary retroperitoneal paraganglioma occurring between the aorta and vena cava: A case report
Authors: Nishikimi Toshinori , Kashima Ayano , Yamada Hiroshi , Mizuno Hideki , Ohashi Tomoyoshi , Ishiguro Shigeki , Morikami Hiroko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA 67‐year‐old man presented with lower limb weakness, palpitations, and insomnia. His urinary total metanephrine and normetanephrine levels were high. Computed tomography showed a 48 × 34‐mm oval mass on the dorsal side of the pancreas and portal vein between the aorta and vena cava. Because of the tumor location, we performed laparoscopic surgery using a retroperitoneal approach. We described a case of a patient with primary retroperitoneal paraganglioma between the aorta and vena cava who underwent retroperitoneoscopic resection. Our case suggests that this procedure can be safely performed.
Plus de transparence, plus de confiance? Regard critique sur un principe clé de bonne gouvernance et ses attentes
Authors: Mabillard Vincent , Caron Daniel J. 
Published: August 2022

SommaireIl est attendu du fonctionnement plus ouvert des administrations un regain de confiance citoyenne et de légitimité. Toutefois, les effets produits par la transparence alimentent de nombreux débats. D'abord, la relation entre transparence et confiance peut être multidirectionnelle. Ensuite, elle correspond à un équilibre fragile dans la mesure où un surplus de communication sur des enjeux sensibles peut réduire la confiance dans les organisations publiques. Enfin, la confiance se crée à partir de multiples facteurs, réduisant ainsi l'impact de la transparence. Ces différents enjeux sont analysés sur la base d'une revue de la littérature scientifique et médiatique et d'exemples.
The In‐Out Effect in the Perception and Production of Real Words
Authors: Engelen Jan A. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe in‐out effect refers to the tendency that novel words whose consonants follow an inward‐wandering pattern (e.g., P‐T‐K) are rated more positively than stimuli whose consonants follow an outward‐wandering pattern (e.g., K‐T‐P). While this effect appears to be reliable, it is not yet clear to what extent it generalizes to existing words in a language. In two large‐scale studies, we sought to extend the in‐out effect from pseudowords to real words and from perception to production. In Study 1, we investigated whether previously collected affective ratings for English and Dutch words were more positive for inward‐wandering words and more negative for outward‐wandering words. No systematic relationship between wandering direction and affective valence was found. In Study 2, we investigated whether inward‐wandering words are more likely to occur in positive online consumer restaurant reviews written in English and Dutch, compared to negative reviews, and whether this association was stronger for food ratings than for decor ratings. Again, no systematic relationship between wandering direction and review rating emerged. We suggest that the affective states triggered by different consonantal wandering directions might be used as a cue for forming judgments in the absence of other information, but that wandering direction is too low in salience to drive the shape of words in the lexicon.
Kant on the givenness of space and time
Authors: Chaplin Rosalind 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFamously, Kant describes space and time as infinite “given” magnitudes. An influential interpretative tradition reads this as a claim about phenomenological presence to the mind: in claiming that space and time are given, this reading holds, Kant means to claim that we have phenomenological access to space and time in our original intuitions of them. In this paper, I argue that we should instead understand givenness as a metaphysical notion. For Kant, space and time are “given” in virtue of three related facts: (a) they are necessary grounds for the existence of all other spatial and temporal possibilities; (b) in virtue of being such grounds, they are metaphysically linked to all other represented spatiotemporal things; and (c) as representations, space and time issue from the nature of our faculty of sensibility rather than from an arbitrary act of choice. Understanding givenness in this non‐epistemological way helps us recover what is plausible in both “intellectualist” and “anti‐intellectualist” readings of the Transcendental Aesthetic. Anti‐intellectualists are correct that space and time are given in mere sensibility, but intellectualists are correct that we depend on the understanding for consciousness of space and time.
Random fatigue life prediction of automobile lower arm via modified Corten–Dolan model
Authors: Yang Xizhou , Liu Xintian , Wang Yuhan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe fatigue life for the rear suspension lower arm of the passenger car is investigated. The road load signals collected by the sextant force measuring instrument are processed. And the frequency histogram of it is plotted and its distribution characteristics are analyzed. The load signal is extrapolated to a cumulative frequency of 106using the parametric method, and the one‐dimensional load spectrum of the lower arm is compiled. Based on the nonlinear fatigue cumulative damage theory, Corten–Dolan model is modified by introducing thekth power of the stress ratio between two adjacent levels. The improved fatigue life prediction model is established and the validity of the model was determined by experimental data. And the improved Corten–Dolan and the linear cumulative damage model are used to predict the life of the lower arm under one‐dimensional load spectrum respectively.
Quantifying the ecological impacts of alien aquatic macrophytes: A global meta‐analysis of effects on fish, macroinvertebrate and macrophyte assemblages
Authors: Tasker Samuel J. L. , Foggo Andrew , Bilton David T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Biological invasions constitute a pervasive and growing threat to the biodiversity and functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Macrophytes are key primary producers and ecosystem engineers in freshwaters, meaning that alien macrophyte invasions have the capacity to alter the structure and function of recipient aquatic ecosystems profoundly. Although prevailing wisdom holds that alien macrophyte invasions tend to compromise freshwater ecosystem structure and function, the ecological impacts of alien macrophyte invasion have not been quantitatively reviewed to date.

Here we present a global meta‐analysis of 202 cases from 53 research articles, exploring the impacts of alien macrophyte invasion on the abundance and diversity of three ubiquitous and ecologically important focal groups, which together comprise the bulk of non‐microbial freshwater biodiversity: resident macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish. Our synthesis includes data from all continents except Antarctica and Asia, covering 25 alien macrophyte species, but reveals considerable taxonomic and geographical biases in knowledge.

Meta‐analysis results reveal that invasion by alien macrophytes has an overall negative impact on taxonomic diversity of the three focal groups, but no consistent effect on abundance. At a finer resolution, we detect a strong negative effect of alien macrophyte invasion on resident macrophyte abundance and diversity, and a significant but smaller positive effect of submerged alien macrophyte invasion on macroinvertebrates. Effects on fish appear inconsistent.

Our findings emphasise the importance of context‐ and taxon‐specific ecological research in informing appropriate and proportionate management of alien macrophyte invasions, since alien macrophyte impacts are not consistently negative. We also identify significant geographical and taxonomic limitations in existing studies, quantitative data being lacking for many alien taxa.
Species, taxonomic, and functional group diversities of terrestrial mammals at risk under climate change and land‐use/cover change scenarios in Mexico
Authors: Ureta Carolina , Ramírez‐Barrón Mercedes , Sánchez‐García Edgar Andrés , Cuervo‐Robayo Angela P. , Munguía‐Carrara Mariana , Mendoza‐Ponce Alma , Gay Carlos , Sánchez‐Cordero Víctor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is a need to revise the framework used to project species risks under climate change (CC) and land‐use/cover change (LUCC) scenarios. We built a CC risk index using the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change framework, where risk is a function of vulnerability (sensitivity and adaptive capacity), exposure, and hazard. We incorporated future LUCC scenarios as part of the exposure component. We combined a trait‐based approach based on biological characteristics of species with a correlative approach based on ecological niche modeling, assigning risk scores to species, taxonomic (orders), and functional (trophic, body size, and locomotion) groups of terrestrial mammals occurring in Mexico. We identified 15 species projected to lose their climatic suitability. Of the 11 taxonomic orders, Eulipotyphla, Didelphimorphia, Artiodactyla, and Lagomorpha had the highest risk scores. Of the 19 trophic groups, piscivores, insectivores under canopy, frugivores–granivores, herbivores browser, and myrmecophagous had the highest risk scores. Of the five body‐sized groups, large‐sized species (>15 kg) had highest risk scores. Of the seven locomotion groups, arboreal and semi‐aquatics had highest risk scores. CC and LUCC scenarios reduced suitable areas of species potential distributions by 37.5% (with CC), and 51% (with CC and LUCC) under a limited full‐dispersal assumption. Reductions in suitable areas of species potential distributions increased to 50.2% (with CC), and 52.4% (with CC and LUCC) under a non‐dispersal assumption. Species‐rich areas (>75% species) projected 36% (with CC) and 57% (with CC and LUCC) reductions in suitability for 2070. Shifts in climatic suitability projections of species‐rich areas increased in number of species in northeast and southeast Mexico and decreased in northwest and southern Mexico, suggesting important species turnover. High‐risk projections under future CC and LUCC scenarios for species, taxonomic, and functional group diversities, and species‐rich areas of terrestrial mammals highlight trends in different impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Energy geographies in/of the Anthropocene: Where now?
Authors: Kumar Ankit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Anthropocene has thrown at us a challenge of balancing urgency and justice. Urgency brought about by myriad environmental crises, most prominently being climate change, and justice that any adequate response to these crises needs to be rooted in. This is a dilemma because we need pathways for urgent action on climate mitigation and energy transitions while centring the slow and considered work that historical and contemporary justice questions demand. This is because while the Anthropocene calls humans to unite, its impacts have been, are, and will be, felt differently. The Anthropocene narrative's framing of a universal humanity connects to a long and dangerous history of what is human and what qualifies as humanity, a history of colonising, racializing, and dehumanising black, brown, and indigenous bodies around the world. We need narratives of the Anthropocene that confirm the importance of decolonising political, economic, and scientific institutions, not to deny urgency, but to foster a more political Anthropocene that creates space for new narratives of justice. The question then, that this paper initiates, is: How to progress anti–and de‐colonial thought for energy geographies within a somewhat colonising discourse of urgency in/of the Anthropocene? To think of energy geographies of/in the Anthropocene, one that explicitly embeds within itself justice, this paper outlines three areas of work. First, the paper proposes a need to engage with and learn from energy histories other than those from the Euro‐American contexts. Second, it urges more focus on the question of difference. Third, the paper proposes a deeper engagement with critical race theory and postcolonial/decolonial theories to investigate questions of justice. These proposals are provocations to open energy geographies to a wider range of questions, approaches, and concerns.
Comparison of three frailty screening instruments for prediction of adverse outcomes among older adults in the emergency department
Authors: Shang Na , Liu Huizhen , Wang Na , Guo Shubin , Ma Lina 
Published: August 2022

AimTo compare the predictive abilities of the FRAIL scale (FS), frailty screening questionnaire (FSQ) and clinical frailty scale (CFS) for adverse outcomes in older adults in the emergency department.MethodsIn total, 317 older adults aged ≥65 years attending emergency department was screened for frailty using the FS, FSQ and CFS. Outcome measures included all‐cause 28‐day mortality and intensive care unit readmission. Cox proportional hazards model was used for survival comparison. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for readmissions. In addition, we calculated the C‐statistic, net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement to evaluate the predictive value of three scales.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty was 55.2% (FS), 47.0% (FSQ) and 69.4% (CFS). Cox regression and logistic regression analysis revealed that frailty screening by FS, FSQ and CFS was an independent risk factor for all‐cause 28‐day mortality and 30‐ and 90‐day readmission after adjustment. Incorporation of FS, FSQ and CFS into a basic model with other risk factors significantly improved C‐statistic. For all‐cause 28‐day mortality, the model including FS had the highest C‐statistic from 0.786 (95% confidence interval: 0.706–0.865) to 0.854 (95% confidence interval: 0.802–0.907) and the improvements in risk prediction were also confirmed by category‐free net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement, suggesting FS was significantly better than CFS and FSQ. The three tools had a low predictive ability for readmission (all C‐statistics <0.7).ConclusionsAll three frailty scales showed a predictive ability for 28‐day mortality and readmission but FS may be the most valid tool in the emergency department. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 851–856.
Retrospective cohort study of hypersomnias of central origin from two Australian tertiary sleep disorders services
Authors: Stranks Lachlan , Ellender Claire M. , Wong Keith , Naqvi Haider , Grunstein Ron , Yee Brendon J. , Sivam Sheila 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypersomnias of central origin (HOCO) are diverse in origin and symptomatology and remain poorly described in an Australian population. We hypothesised that the rate of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*0602 positivity in the Australian cohort would be comparable to international registries.AimsThe current study aims to evaluate epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Australian patients with HOCO, including prevalence of HLA DQB1*0602 positivity, the most specific HLA marker associated with narcolepsy.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. Patients ≥ 16 years of age presenting with symptoms of hypersomnolence who attended one of two Australian sleep centres (New South Wales and Queensland) in the preceding 24 months and had undergone both HLA serology and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs) were included. Main outcome measures included demographics, HLA DQB1*0602 positivity, MSLT, and clinical parameters (presence of auxiliary narcolepsy symptoms, laboratory tests, relevant prescribed medications).ResultsEighty‐eight patients were included. HLA DQB1*0602 positivity was highest in those with type 1 narcolepsy (NT1) (95.7%) and lowest in those without a classifiable disorder (9.1%). Mean sleep latency was lowest and number of sleep‐onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs) highest in the NT1 group. Comorbid disorders, particularly depression and overweight/obesity, were prevalent in all cohorts. Across all diagnostic groups, dexamphetamine was the most commonly prescribed agent for excessive daytime sleepiness.ConclusionsPatients with HOCO assessed in two specialised Australian clinics demonstrate comparable clinical characteristics to other published cohorts internationally; however, available pharmacological agents in Australia do not reflect international standards of care.
Non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: recognising the genetic links
Authors: Paul Caitlin , Peters Stacey , Perrin Mark , Fatkin Diane , Amerena John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe landscape of genetically related cardiac disease continues to evolve. Heritable genetic variants can be a primary cause of familial or sporadic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). There is also increasing recognition that genetic variation is an important determinant of susceptibility to acquired causes of DCM. Genetic forms of DCM can show a wide variety of phenotypic manifestations. Identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from genetic testing is paramount. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of recognising genetic DCM, key genotype–phenotype correlations and the value of genetic testing in clinical management for both the individual and their family. This is likely to become more relevant as management strategies continue to be refined with genotype‐specific recommendations and disease‐modifying therapies.
A Problem for Generic Generalisations in Scientific Communication
Authors: Bowker Mark 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTGeneric generalisations like ‘Opioids are highly addictive’ are very useful in scientific communication, but they can often be interpreted in many different ways. Although this is not a problem when all interpretations provide the same answer to the question under discussion, a problem arises when a generic generalisation is used to answer a question other than that originally intended. In such cases, some interpretations of the generalisation might answer the question in a way that the original speaker would not endorse. Rather than excising generic generalisations from scientific communication, I recommend that scientific communicators carefully consider the kinds of questions their words might be taken to answer and try to avoid phrasing that might be taken to provide unintended answers.
Cognitive–Linguistic Skills Explain Chinese Reading Comprehension Within and Beyond the Simple View of Reading in Hong Kong Kindergarteners
Authors: Pan Dora Jue , Lin Dan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the direct and indirect associations of different cognitive–linguistic skills and Chinese reading comprehension in Hong Kong kindergarteners. We assessed 179 children's nonverbal IQ, cognitive–linguistic skills, word reading, listening comprehension, and reading comprehension. Results showed significant correlations between all variables and reading comprehension. Further path analysis results indicated that rapid automatized naming, orthographic knowledge, and morphological awareness contributed to reading comprehension via word reading. Nonverbal IQ and vocabulary knowledge were associated with reading comprehension through listening comprehension. Beyond that, nonverbal IQ and morphological awareness still contributed directly to reading comprehension. Overall, our findings elucidated the importance of nonverbal IQ and cognitive–linguistic skills within the framework of the simple view of reading in Chinese and highlighted the unique roles of nonverbal IQ and meaning‐related skills in Chinese reading comprehension, which contributed to understanding the simple view of reading in Chinese.