bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency transition to remote learning: DoIt@Home Lab in engineering
Authors: Raut Nitin Bhaurao , Gorman Gweneth 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe interruption of on-campus teaching and learning, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, forced universities around the globe to rethink their pedagogical models and adopt innovative strategies and approaches that enabled continuity of learning. Engineering schools and faculties were faced with the challenge of how to continue to engage students with the practical component of coursework, especially in terms of lab work and experimentation, which are mandatory requirements for degree awards.Design/methodology/approachThis study documents how the Faculty of Engineering in a university in Oman engaged students with the practical component of their course during the pandemic by launching the remote DoIt@Home Lab. The DoIt@Home Lab approach included the design and development of video recorded labs, virtual labs, simulation exercises and DoIt@Home experiments which were provided to students as teaching tools and guides to conducting home experiments remotely.FindingsThis study presents the DoIt@Home Lab approach introduced to Year 2 Chemistry for engineering students. Students' grades improved by 11% over the previous year when the course was delivered face-to-face. Failure rates dropped by 8% while the number of students earning a 3.25 grade point average (GPA) or higher increased by 18%.Originality/valueThe DoIt@Home Lab for engineering courses could enhance students' learning experience and create an effective remote learning environment. While the DoIt@Home Lab was created to supplement on-campus activity in the event of a temporary disruption, it can also be used to supplement regular face-to-face program delivery.
“Content, content everywhere… . . How to reach and engage consumers?” – Brand Nabhi Sutra
Authors: Nagori Viral , Magotra Crystal 
Published: May 2022

Theoretical basis
The SAVE framework introduced by Richard Ettenson, Eduardo Conrado and Jonathan Knowles can be used to address the problem of content saturation and to plan content strategies for the brand Nabhi Sutra. The framework focuses on the solution, access, value and education instead of the traditional four Ps of marketing.

Research methodology
The research methodology involved conducting structured interviews with the protagonist. The responses were recorded and analysed for the case development. The supplementary information was taken from the brand’s website “nabhisutra.com” and its Facebook and Instagram pages.

Case overview/synopsis
The case is classified in the category of a short case addressing the identification of the problem of content saturation and guidelines to avoid it. The case narrates the story of Nabhi Sutra, a health-care start-up that offers “Ayurveda” remedies in the form of oil to be applied to the navel to cure health issues. Ms Vakharia, the owner of Nabhi Sutra, mentioned that her social media posts and campaigns are not reaching the desired target audience.

Complexity academic level
The case can be used for teaching undergraduate, postgraduate as well as certificate and executive development programs to teach courses on digital marketing, content marketing and social media marketing to cover the concept of content saturation. The case can be of value addition to the entrepreneurship and digital marketing practitioners.
Gender and psychological safety in virtual teams: the role of awareness types enabled by information technologies
Authors: Lim JoAnne Yong-Kwan 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Organizations worldwide use virtual teams to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic and capitalize on distributed members' unique expertise to accomplish essential tasks. A critical reason that inhibits virtual team members from leveraging each other’s knowledge is a lack of psychological safety. Specifically, individuals are unwilling to speak out for fear of negative repercussions, such as embarrassment to one’s image and rejection from others in their teams. The purpose of this study is to advance the importance of distinct awareness (task knowledge and presence) enabled by information technologies in developing the psychological safety of men and women in virtual teams.

Design/methodology/approach
This study tested the hypotheses using a survey study of 94 participants from 19 graduate student virtual teams.

Findings
This study found that task knowledge awareness predicted psychological safety for men, whereas it was presence awareness for women. By demonstrating the role of awareness in promoting psychological safety for men and women in virtual teams, this study also sheds light on reducing online gender inequitable issues.

Practical implications
First, organizational managers need to incorporate gender when deciding the awareness type to promote psychological safety in virtual teams. For men, it is task knowledge awareness, whereas for women, it is presence awareness. Second, as there is a wide range of information technologies (ITs) available, managers need to identify if the provided ITs enable virtual team members to develop the specific type of knowledge awareness critical for psychological safety development. Third, managers can incorporate rewards and apply interventions at regular temporal periods to encourage team members to increase their online presence as well as question and share task-related content.

Originality/value
It is imperative to identify ways to encourage men and women working in virtual teams to speak up so that the expertise held by the members can be better leveraged. This study represents an important step in this direction.
Propagation of information-sharing in social media: the perspective of intrinsic and extrinsic cues
Authors: Le Xuan Cu 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
Social media has progressively upgraded an interactive domain via online sociability and information-sharing. This study aims to formulate an information-sharing intention model by identifying the decisive role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical data from 508 participants were collected to examine the structural model using structural equation modeling.

Findings
Results indicate that information-sharing intention is strongly promoted by intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Furthermore, perceived herding, perceived crowd and intrinsic motivation boost substantially extrinsic motivation. Perceived herding is of utmost importance to extrinsic motivation, whereas emotional appeal and informative appeal are of paramount importance to intrinsic motivation. Moreover, source trust and exhibitionism are underlying motivations for intrinsic motivation.

Practical implications
The findings provide useful guidelines for practitioners to urge users into information-sharing via social media.

Originality/value
This study contributes significantly to the current literature by developing an effective mechanism of information-sharing through social media based on the motivational theory.
Environment, taxonomy and morphology constrain insect thermal physiology along tropical mountains
Authors: Bota‐Sierra Cornelio A. , García‐Robledo Carlos , Escobar Federico , Novelo‐Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Londoño Gustavo A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Tropical mountains display limited variation in monthly temperatures, but high spatial climatic variability. It is assumed this stability promotes ecological and physiological adaptations to local temperatures, which may preclude dispersal up or downslope. Determining how environmental, taxonomic and morphological factors affect thermal limits is fundamental to understand biotic responses to global warming.

We selected 54 species of dragonflies and damselflies (Order Odonata) distributed from 300 to 2,550 m along one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet, the Tatamá elevational gradient in the Andean‐Choco region transition. We estimated for 846 individuals three thermal tolerance parameters: CTmax, the highest temperature preceding the loss of motor control, Tvol, the temperature at which individuals avoid heat, and CTmin, the minimum temperature required for wing movement.

For each thermal tolerance parameter, we evaluated associations between physiological and behavioural responses, species elevational distribution and specialization to forests or open areas. We also evaluated the effect of autecological characteristics such as body mass, sex and taxonomy on temperature regulation.

Temperatures prevalent at different elevations and habitats are associated with odonate upper thermal limits. However, tolerance to low temperatures is not associated with habitat use or elevation. Forest species display lower thermal tolerances. Small species are more tolerant to high temperatures than larger species. Dragonflies are more tolerant to high temperatures than damselflies with similar body mass. Females are more tolerant to high temperatures than males.

Our results highlight the importance of considering differences in morphology, life history and behaviour when comparing thermal tolerances of organisms along elevational gradients. Only by incorporating such factors, it would be possible to generate accurate predictions on the impact of climate change on tropical organisms.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Small giants: Tributaries rescue spatially structured populations from extirpation in a highly fragmented stream
Authors: Tsuboi Jun‐ichi , Morita Kentaro , Koseki Yusuke , Endo Shinsuke , Sahashi Genki , Kishi Daisuke , Kikko Takeshi , Ishizaki Daisuke , Nunokawa Masanori , Kanno Yoichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation is a pervasive threat to biodiversity. Linearly arranged habitats such as stream networks are particularly vulnerable to fragmentation. As the landscape becomes increasingly human dominated, conservation values of fragmented habitat patches cannot be overlooked. It is critical to understand the demographic mechanisms of population persistence or extirpation in fragmented patches.

We studied dynamics of spatially structured populations of two Japanese landlocked salmonids persisting for >30 years in a headwater stream network that is highly fragmented due to low‐head dams in the mainstem. We parameterised and analysed spatial matrix population models using 9‐year mark–recapture data.

Tributaries supported higher survival rates in some life stages, and movement was asymmetrical from the tributaries to the mainstem. Accordingly, population growth rates were higher in the tributary patches than the mainstem in both species despite the tributaries occupying only 12% or 18% of the study stream network by surface area. The tributaries harboured more physically and hydraulically complex instream habitats (i.e. higher wood density and flow refugia), indicating that habitat patch quality was more important than habitat patch size in determining the dynamics of these spatially structured populations.

Tributary locations in the stream network were important in the trajectory of these populations. The upstream‐dwelling charr persisted in the highly fragmented mainstem patch (i.e. six impassable infrastructures in a <500 m patch) due to immigration of fish from upstream including the tributary. However, the downstream‐dwelling salmon has been gradually extirpated from the uppermost section of the fragmented mainstem patch because they could not maintain a positive population growth rate after loss of emigrants was accounted for and immigration was prevented due to fragmentation.

Synthesis and applications. We conclude that small tributaries have rescued the spatially structured populations from extirpation (charr) or at least slowed down extirpation (salmon). Legal protection of headwaters as aquatic habitats is weak globally. Our results suggest that stream management plans underestimating the demographic value of small tributaries will likely fail to conserve populations of headwater inhabitants and therefore endanger aquatic biodiversity. We discuss conservation implications of this study related to habitat connectivity and fisheries management.
Na+ homeostasis in Acinetobacter baumannii is facilitated via the activity of the Mrp antiporter
Authors: Hubloher Josephine Joy , van der Sande Lisa , Müller Volker 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe human opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is a global threat to healthcare institutions worldwide, since it developed very efficient strategies to evade host defence and to adapt to the different environmental conditions of the host. This work focused on the importance of Na+ homeostasis in A. baumannii with regards to pathobiological aspects. In silico studies revealed a homologue of a multicomponent Na+/H+ antiporter system. Inactivation of the Mrp antiporter through deletion of the first gene (mrpA′) resulted in a mutant that was sensitive to increasing pH values. Furthermore, the strain was highly sensitive to increasing Na+ and Li+ concentrations. Increasing Na+ sensitivity is thought to be responsible for growth impairment in human fluids. Furthermore, deletion of mrpA′ is associated with energetic defects, inhibition of motility and survival under anoxic and dry conditions.
Preventive effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY15 on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced acute liver injury in mice
Authors: Long Xingyao , Wang Pan , Zhou Yujing , Wang Qiang , Ren Lixuan , Li Qin , Zhao Xin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is the main chemical causing liver damage. In this experiment, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY15 treatment on CCl4‐induced acute liver injury was investigated using mice. Fifty adult mice were randomized into five study groups, each group with 10 ml kg–1 saline, 50 mg kg–1 silymarin, and 109CFU kg–1 L. plantarum HFY15 and LDSB per day, and all the mice expect the normal group were injected 0.8% CCl4 (10 ml kg–1) on the 14th day. Following the 16 h induction of the liver injury, various biochemical markers were assessed for blood and liver tissue. After L. plantarum HFY15 treatment, the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum decreased by 67.7%, 65.0%, 41.9%, 59.5%, and 51.5%, respectively, and the level of antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutation [T‐SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione [GSH]) increased by more than twofold. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interferon‐γ (INF‐γ), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) decreased by more than 45% in serum and live. What is more, L. plantarum HFY15 increased the expression of antiapoptosis genes Bcl‐2 by eightfold, inhibiting the expression of proapoptotic genes Caspase‐3 and Bax by about threefold. Lactobacillus plantarum HFY15 has obvious protective effects on CCl4‐induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidation, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, and exerting suppressive effect on apoptotic process in the CCl4‐induced liver injury. Lactobacillus plantarum HFY15 can be developed as edible lactic acid bacteria for preventing liver toxicity.Practical ApplicationL. plantarum HFY15 can alleviate liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride toxicity through antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic pathways.
Safety and efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) for patients aged 80 years and older
Authors: Niwa Hideyuki , Oki Masahide , Ishii Yurika , Torii Atsushi , Yamada Arisa , Shinohara Yuka , Kogure Yoshihito , Saka Hideo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) in patients aged 70 years and older has been established. However, few studies have evaluated the safety, usefulness, and significance of EBUS‐TBNA in patients aged 80 years and older.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated patients aged 80 years and older who underwent EBUS‐TBNA under local anesthesia. The study period was 10 years; from November 1, 2010 to October 31, 2020. The primary endpoint was the safety of EBUS‐TBNA, which was measured as the incidence of complications associated with the procedure. The secondary endpoints were the overall diagnostic rate, malignant disease diagnosis rate, and malignant disease treatment rate.ResultsA total of 111 patients were enrolled in the study, and the median age was 82 years (range: 80–89 years). The incidence of complications (the primary endpoint) was 5% (5/111) and comprised oversedation in one case, chest pain in one case, hypoxemia in two cases, and arrhythmia in one case. Regarding the secondary endpoints, the diagnostic rate for all patients was 75% (83/111), and the diagnostic rate of malignant disease was 89% (75/84). Of the 75 patients with malignant disease diagnosed with EBUS‐TBNA, 61 (81%) received tumor‐specific therapy in accordance with their diagnoses.ConclusionEBUS‐TBNA can be considered safe and effective even in patients aged 80 years and older.
Genetic architectures and selection signatures of body height in Chinese indigenous donkeys revealed by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Haijing , Wang Min , Zhang Xinhao , Yang Li , Zhao Chunjiang , Wu Changxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDonkeys are widely distributed labour animals in the world. During the process of the domestication and artificial selection of domestic donkeys, body sizes show significant differences among different breeds of donkeys. Based on the genome resequencing data of 103 Chinese indigenous donkeys from 11 breeds (Biyang, Dezhou, Guangling, Hetian, Jiami, Kulun, Qingyang, Turfan, Tibetan, Xinjiang, and Yunnan), seven Spanish donkeys from two breeds (Zamorano~Leonés and Andalusian), and three wild donkeys, we investigated the population structures of Chinese domestic donkeys with different body sizes. We used FST and XP‐EHH analyses to explore the selected regions related to body sizes. The results showed that Chinese indigenous donkeys have a closer relationship with African wild donkeys than with Asian wild donkeys. LCORL/NCAPG, FAM184B, TBX3, and IHH were identified as genes with strong signals in analysis of selection signature (FST and XP‐EHH) in large and small donkeys. The seven identified variants can be served as candidate loci affecting the body size of Chinese donkeys. Five of seven loci were located in intron 9 of FAM184B and were in a haplotype block, and one of the identified variants (Chr03:112664848) located in the CDS region of the LCORL gene was found to cause stop‐loss. These candidate genes and variants shed new light on the molecular basis of donkey body size and will facilitate the breeding activities of donkeys.
Preoperative hyponatremia and survival after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Lamba Harveen K. , Parikh Umang M. , Vincent Justin , Civitello Andrew B. , Nair Ajith , Bhardwaj Anju , Senussi Mourad H. , Loor Gabriel , Shafii Alexis E. , Liao Kenneth K. , Chatterjee Subhasis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyponatremia is associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure and after cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that hyponatremia is associated with poorer short‐term and longer term survival in patients after continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) placement.MethodsWe reviewed a single‐center database of patients who received a CF‐LVAD during 2012–2017. Sodium (Na) values obtained within 14 days before CF‐LVAD insertion were averaged; patients (n = 332) were divided into hyponatremia (mean Na <135 mEq/L; n = 160; 48.2%) and normonatremia groups (mean Na 135–145 mEq/L; n = 172; 51.8%). Patients requiring preoperative dialysis or pump exchange were excluded. We compared outcomes between preoperative hyponatremia and normonatremia groups.ResultsThe two groups’ baseline characteristics were similar, although hyponatremia patients more often had preoperative mechanical circulatory support (44.4% vs. 31.4%, p = 0.002). Although hyponatremic and normonatremic patients did not differ in 30‐day mortality (7.5% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.7), preoperative hyponatremia was associated with greater 5‐year mortality (61% vs. 44%, p = 0.03). On binary logistic regression analysis, the strongest independent predictors of late mortality were hyponatremia (odds ratio [OR] 1.88, 95% CI [1.07–3.31], p = 0.02), older age (OR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01–1.05], p = 0.01), and elevated mean right atrial pressure/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio (OR 4.69, 95% CI [1.76–12.47], p = 0.002).ConclusionsHyponatremia was not associated with greater early mortality but was associated with poorer late survival. The optimal timing of LVAD implantation in relation to hyponatremia, and whether correcting hyponatremia perioperatively improves long‐term survival, should be investigated.
Effect of the bileaflet inlet valve angle on the flow of a pediatric ventricular assist device: Experimental analysis
Authors: Lemos Bernardo Luiz Harry Diniz , Bortolin Vítor Augusto Andreghetto , Amaral Rodrigo de Lima , Mazzetto Marcelo , Cestari Idágene Aparecida , Meneghini Julio Romano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMechanical heart valves (MHV) and its fluid dynamics inside a pulsatile pediatric ventricular assist device (PVAD) can be associated with blood degradation. In this article, flow structures are analyzed and compared by an experimental investigation on the effect of bileaflet MHV positioned at varying angles in the inlet port orifice of a PVAD.MethodsTime‐resolved particle image velocimetry was applied to characterize the internal flow of the device. St Jude Medical bileaftlet valves were used on the inlet orifice and positioned at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° in relation to the centerline of the device. Three planes with bidimensional velocity magnitude fields were considered in the analysis with visualization of diastolic jets, device wall washing patterns and flow circulation during emptying or systole of the pump. Also, the washing vortex area, and vertical velocity probabilities of regurgitant flows in the inlet valve were evaluated.ResultsThe results show that a variation in the angle of the MHV at the inlet port produced distinct velocities, fluid structures, and regurgitant flow probabilities within the device. MHV positioned at an angle of 0° generated the strongest inlet jet, larger vortex area during filling, more prominent outgoing flow, and less regurgitation compared to the angles studied. The presence of unfavorable fluid structures, such as small vortices, and/or sudden flow structure interruption, and/or regurgitation, were identified at 45° and 90° angles.ConclusionsThe 0° inlet angle had better outcomes than other angles due to its consistency in the multiple parameters analyzed.