bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of key molecules for castration resistance prostate cancer by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Hu Jieping , Yu Yue , Liu Wei , Xi Haibo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Castration resistance prostate cancer (CRPC) is a complex tumor associated with high mortality. To discover key molecules in CRPC, we dissected the data of CRPC based on arrays by bioinformatic analysis. Methods: The gene expression profiling datasets of prostate cancer were analyzed online. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, https://david.ncifcrf.gov/) was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) in Cytoscape software (Cytoscape_v3.6.1) was applied to screen hub genes. Gene expression data were obtained from the ONCOMINE website (https://www.oncomine.org/). The gene expression and survival data were downloaded and analyzed. Results: 4 datasets (GSE104935, GSE120005, GSE78201, and GSE21887) were included for analysis. The 15 overlap up-regulated genes and 27 overlap down-regulated genes were identified and analyzed by DAVID. 11 proteins corresponding to genes (ELOVL6, ABCA1, FOXO3, and TNRC6B; ALDH1A3, OSBPL8, ACSL3, SLC45A3, KLK2, FKBP5, and PMEPA1) were identified to be key genes. Gene expression suggested OSBPL8, PMEPA1, and SLC45A3 were different expressed in CRPC patients, these genes were also associated with survival. Conclusions: OSBPL8, PMEPA1, and SLC45A3 were involved with CRPC. These candidate genes were rarely researched, their functions needed experiments in vivo and in vitro to verify.
Risk factors of pelvic fracture combined with humeral fracture: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Zhengjiang , Chen Xing , Zhang Yan , Li Shunqiang , Ji Haibo , Li Yongkui , Xing Shuxing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Pelvic fractures are often associated with other injuries, and in our study, pelvic fractures associated with humeral fractures were the most common. We pooled patient data to analyze the independent risk factors for pelvic fractures associated with humeral fractures.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 254 patients with pelvic fractures admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, from August 2017 to August 2021. Independent sample T test found that pelvic fractures combined with humeral fractures were statistically significant. The main outcome indicators of pelvic fracture combined with humeral fracture were as follows: Tile classification of pelvic fractures, number of humeral fractures and Injury Severity Scale (ISS); Secondary outcome indicators: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), cause of injury, underlying diseases, etc. Single factor analysis was performed to screen risk factors for each indicator, and logistic analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for indicators with P < 0.05.
Results
Of the 254 patients with pelvic fractures, 24 (9.45%) were associated with humeral fractures, much higher than other single injuries, and only pelvic fractures associated with humeral fractures were statistically significant (P = 0.014). Pelvic fractures without concomitant humeral fractures (n = 230) and pelvic fractures with concomitant humeral fractures (n = 24) were associated with age (P = 0.006; 95% CI = 0.087–0.665; OR = 10.258), ISS score (P = 0.002; 95% CI = 1.839–4.445; OR = 8.721), Tile scores (P = 0.01; 95% CI = 22.554–87.419; OR = 22.736), but there was no statistical significance in gender (P = 1.03), BMI (P = 0.437) and injury cause (P = 3.04).
Conclusion
The combination of pelvic fracture and humerus fracture was statistically significant, and age > 60 years old, pelvic fracture Tile B2 classification above and high ISS were the independent risk factors for humerus fracture in pelvic fracture. Therefore, in clinical work, when clinicians treat patients with pelvic fractures aged > 60 years old, Tile B2 type above classification of pelvic fractures and high ISS, they should be highly vigilant about whether the humerus fractures are accompanied.
Visualizing the domino-like prepore-to-pore transition of Streptolysin O by high-speed AFM
Authors: Ariyama Hirotaka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are produced by various organisms, including pathogenic bacteria, and form pores within the target cell membrane. Streptolysin O (SLO) is a PFP produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and forms high-order oligomers on the membrane surface. In this prepore state, multiple α-helices in domain 3 of each subunit exist as unfolded structures and transiently interact with each other. They subsequently transition into transmembrane β-hairpins (TMHs) and form pores with diameters of 20–30 nm. However, in this pore formation process, the trigger of the transition in a subunit and collaboration between subunits remains elusive. Here, I observed the dynamic pore formation process using high-speed atomic force microscopy. During the oligomer transition process, each subunit was sequentially inserted into the membrane, propagating along the oligomer in a domino-like fashion (chain reaction). This process also occurred on hybrid oligomers containing wildtype and mutant subunits, which cannot insert into the membrane because of an introduced disulfide bond. Furthermore, propagation still occurred when an excessive force was added to hybrid oligomers in the prepore state. Based on the observed chain reactions, I estimate the free energies and forces that trigger the transition in a subunit. Furthermore, I hypothesize that the collaboration between subunits is related to the structure of their TMH regions and interactions between TMH–TMH and TMH-lipid molecules.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in people with dementia without COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Frederiksen Kristian Steen ,   Robin Ziyue Zhou1, Waldemar Gunhild , Winblad Bengt 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any significant difference in mortality amongst people with dementia without COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years.MethodsA literature search was conducted in 5 databases. The relative risk ratio and confidence interval was used to estimate the change in mortality rates amongst people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The I2 value was used to assess heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsPooled analysis of 11 studies showed that mortality amongst people living with dementia was significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic for people with dementia without COVID-19. Mortality risk increased by 25% during the time period studied.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that people with dementia had a significant increased mortality during the pandemic even if they did not have COVID-19 which could be an indication of worsened quality of care. Further research into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on dementia mortality is warranted.
Ultrasound assisted exploration of the primary anatomical dimension of lumbar epidural fat affecting epidural labour analgesia
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Guo Wenjun , Zhang Peijin , Yuan Hongmei , Feng Shanwu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
There is ambivalence about the effect of epidural fat on local anaesthetic diffusion in epidural anaesthesia. This study aimed to investigate the primary anatomical dimension of epidural fat affecting epidural labour analgesia using ultrasound measurements of the ligamentum flavum-dura mater unit (LFDM).
Methods
A total of 162 women who received epidural labour analgesia were included in this study. The height (H), diameter (d), and volume (V) of the lumbar LFDM were measured and calculated using ultrasound as a proxy for the dimensions of epidural fat. After anaesthesia, the main observations were whether the analgesia was effective within 30 min and the changes in the levels of temperature and pain blockade within 30 min.
Results
A total of 160 patients completed the follow-up. The height (H) of the LFDM (AUC = 0.882) was more predictive of maternal analgesia than the volume (V) of the LFDM (AUC = 0.667). Although the volume (V) of the LFDM was weakly correlated with the temperature block level (r=-0.423, P < 0.0001) and pain block level (r=-0.459, P < 0.0001), the height (H) of the LFDM was strongly correlated with the temperature block level (r=-0.864, P < 0.0001) and pain block level (r=-0.811, P < 0.0001). With a height (H) of LFDM = 12.06 as the cutoff, the sensory block level was significantly higher in the short LFDM group than in the long LFDM group within 30 min.
Conclusion
The height (H) of the lumbar LFDM, as determined by ultrasound, rather than its volume, is the primary anatomical dimension of epidural fat that affects epidural labour analgesia.
PD-L1 on lymphatic endothelium inside tumor: a novel predictor for the efficacy of anti-angiogenesis (anlotinib) plus anti-PD-L1 antibody
Authors: Zhang Cuicui , Chu Tianqing , Wang Qiming , Cheng Ying , Zhang Yongxiang , Wang Ruili , Han Baohui , Li Kai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To elucidate the predictive power of programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L) 1 on endothelial cells of lymphatic (LECs) on the efficacy of anlotinib plus PD-L1 antibody and screen the advantageous population of treatment.
Methods
The positive rate of PD-L1 on LECs and tumor cells (TCs) was assessed through pretherapeutic paraffin sections in an Ib clinical trial of TQ-B2450 (PD-L1 antibody) alone or in combination with anlotinib on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The progression-free survival (PFS) of different PD-L1 expressions was compared.
Results
In 75 cases, mPFS of the cases receiving TQB2450 with anlotinib(10mg and 12mg) (161 and 190 days) was longer than for those receiving TQB2450 alone (61 days) (HR10mg = 0.390 [95%CI, 0.201–0.756], P = 0.005; HR12mg = 0.397 [95%CI, 0.208–0.756], P = 0.005). Similar results were exhibited among 58 patients with high PD-L1 expression on LECs and TCs (159 days and 209 days vs 82 days, HR10mg = 0.445 [95%CI, 0.210–0.939], P = 0.034; HR12mg = 0.369 [95%CI, 0.174–0.784], P = 0.009;). mPFS between TQ-B2450 or with combined therapy revealed no difference in 13 low/no LEC-expressed PD-L1 and 4 low TC-expressed PD-L1 patients.
Conclusion
Monoimmunotherapy is unsatisfiedly effective in patients with high PD-L1 expression LECs; anlotinib may increase the efficacy by downregulating PD-L1 expression on lymphatic endothelial cells, which is presumed to be a feasible marker for screening the optimal immune patient population undergoing antiangiogenic therapy.
Reliable Knowledge Discovery from Social Media Data in Health Crisis in Developing Countries
Authors: Naseem Ayesha , Hassan Malik Tahir , Naseer Ateeqa , Rafique Muhammad Aasim , Jeon Moongu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Social media is a barometer to anticipate sentiment of the public about the state of affairs and ongoing pandemic engaged an additional user base who are confined to their stations. COVID-19 startled the world and the crisis exacerbates in the absence of sufficient data for policy making. The data from social media and a timely analysis can provide sufficient statistics for decision-making. This study explores Twitter data to discover knowledgeable statistics on public sentiments about COVID-19 vaccination in developing countries. The study inspects data collected from two extremely populated developing countries: India and Pakistan. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier achieves 74.3% accuracy on the manually labeled dataset. Furthermore, the sentiment analysis is correlated with other indigenous factors like regional literacy rate and COVID-19 calamities in the time interval. It is observed that the negative to positive sentiments correlates with a lower to higher regional literacy rate and a higher COVID-19 intensity causes positive sentiments towards vaccination. The correlations of results with indigenous factors may help to advocate the devised strategies to the right audience and social media knowledge discovery with machine learning techniques may help to recover from data scarcity challenges in a medical emergency like COVID-19 in developing countries. Please note: Abbreviations should be introduced at the first mention in the main text – no abbreviations lists. Suggested structure of main text (not enforced) is provided below.
Curative effect and technical key points of laparoscopic surgery for choledochal cysts in children
Authors: Bian Zedong , Zhi Yong , Zeng Xinhao , Wang Xiaoyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the curative effect of and experience with laparoscopic surgery for congenital choledochal cysts in children.
Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 33 children diagnosed with congenital choledochal cyst in the pediatric surgery department of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between January 2019 and December 2021. The cohort included 8 males and 25 females aged 0.25 to 13.7 years (median age, 3.2 years), including 21 cases of type I and 12 cases of type IV choledochal cyst (Todani classification). Laparoscopic choledochal cyst resection and hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis were performed in all the patients.
Results
Laparoscopy without transit opening was successfully performed in the 33 cases. The duration of the procedure was 235–460 min (mean ± SD, 316 ± 61 min), and intraoperative blood loss volume was 15–40 ml (23 ± 7.6 ml). Postoperative hospital stay was 7–14 days (9 ± 1.8 days). Postoperative biliary fistula and pancreatitis occurred in two cases each, and all four patients were successfully treated with conservative treatment. No anastomotic stenosis, delayed bleeding, cholangitis, intestinal obstruction, or other complications occurred. All the children were followed up for 2–36 months. The clinical symptoms disappeared, and no obvious hepatic dysfunction was found on abdominal color ultrasound and liver function examination.
Conclusions
Laparoscopic surgery for congenital choledochal cyst in children is safe and effective, as it is a minimally invasive surgery that is associated with a low degree of trauma and bleeding, rapid postoperative recovery, and satisfactory aesthetic appearance.
Two-Tiered Stochastic Frontier Models: A Bayesian Perspective
Authors: Zhao Shirong , Losak Jeremy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bayesian methods have been well studied in one-tiered stochastic frontier literature, but as of yet have not been proposed in a two-tiered stochastic frontier (2TSF) setting. Recently, 2TSF models have drawn much attention, observed by increased theoretical extensions and empirical applications. This paper fills the gap in the literature by presenting a Bayesian approach to estimating 2TSF models, with and without efficiency (or bargaining power) determinants. Posterior distributions for the parameters and efficiencies for two bargaining parties are derived. Finally, we use both maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian methods to analyze bargaining power in Major League Baseball salary arbitration negotiations. We find that players who generate their value by hitting for power have more bargaining power, while players who generate their value by having high on-base abilities have less bargaining power. This result is consistent with pre-Moneyball free agent market valuations for these skills.JEL Classification: C1, C3, Z22
STOML2 Restricts Mitophagy and Increases Chemosensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer through Stabilizing PARL-induced PINK1 degradation
Authors: Qin Cheng , Wang Yuanyang , Zhao Bangbo , Li Zeru , Li Tianyu , Yang Xiaoying , Zhao Yutong , Wang Weibin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases with a relatively low 5-year survival rate, while gemcitabine-based chemoresistance happens constantly. Mitochondria, as the power factory in cancer cells, are involved in the process of chemoresistance. The dynamic balance of mitochondria is under the control of the mitophagy process. Stomatin-like protein 2 (STOML2) locates in the mitochondrial inner membrane and expresses highly in cancer cells. In this study, using a Tissue Microarray (TMA), we found that high STOML2 expression was correlated with higher survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Meanwhile, proliferation and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells could be retarded by STOML2. Besides, we found STOML2 was positively related to mitochondrial mass and negatively related to mitophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. STOML2 stabilized PARL and further prevented gemcitabine-induced PINK1-dependent mitophagy. We also performed subcutaneous xenografts to verify the enhancement of gemcitabine therapy induced by STOML2. These findings suggested that STOML2 regulated the mitophagy process through a PARL/PINK1 pathway, thereby reducing the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. STOML2-overexpression targeted therapy might be helpful for gemcitabine sensitization in the future.
Toxic Metals Contamination of Paddy (Oryza Sativa) and Imported Rice Sold in Kaduna and Its Human Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Feka D. P. , Anhwange B. A. , Adie P. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co and V were evaluated in paddy (Oryza sativa) and foreign rice collected from thirteen local government areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Concentration of Cu was below WHO/FAO and NAFDAC (40.00 mg/kg) regulatory limit. Concentration of Zn was within the WHO/FAO limit, Ni (0.03 mg/kg) was above the WHO/FAO threshold limit in samples Le3, Kc1, Ik2, TO and KG. Pb was detected in all samples except inKa2. Co, Fe, Pb, Cd, Mn and Cr were below WHO/FAO and NAFDAC regulatory limits in all samples. Guidance value was not available for V. Associated health risks of these metals show the daily intake of metals (EDIM)for Cd (0.0000935 mg/kg), Cr (0.001105 to 0.002125 mg/kg), Mn (0.00034 to 0.00765 mg/kg). EDIM of As was below the daily limit Target hazard quotient measured for Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn and Co in all samples were < 1, except for As. There exists cancer risk at a lower limit of 64 chances in 1000 lifetime exposure and an upper limit of 14 chances in 100 lifetime exposure for any combination of two or more of Ni, Pb, Cd, As and Cr available for consumption. Statistical analysis reveals no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, As and V but revealed significant difference in the concentrations of Zn, Ni, Cd, Fe and Co. Hg was not detected in all samples.
Lowering Propionic Acid Levels by Regulating Gut Microbiota with Ursodeoxycholic Acid Appears to Regress Autism Symptoms: An Animal Study
Authors: karakas Levent , Solmaz Volkan , Bagcioglu Erman , ozkul bahattin , sogut ibrahim , uyanikgil yigit , erbas oytun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Autism is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that is associated with genetic and environmental factors. Patients with autism have altered gut microbiata, including higher frequency of bacteroidetes and clostridiales that produce of propionic acid (PPA) –a compound that is established as an autism-inducing agent. We hypothesized that lowering the PPA levels by regulating gut microbiata with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can regress the autism symptoms.
Methods
Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: controls, PPA-induced (5 days of intraperitoneal 250 mg/kg/day dosage) autism model receiving oral saline, and PPA-induced autism model receiving oral UDCA (100 mg/kg/day). Oral treatments were applied for 15 days. At the end of the 15th day, all rats underwent behavioral tests and MR spectroscopy. At the end of the study, all animals were sacrificed and brain tissue / blood samples were collected for histopathological and biochemical analyses.
Results
Sociability test, open field test and passive avoidance learning tests were impaired, similar to the autism behavioral pattern, in PPA recipients; however, results were closer to normal patterns in the PPA + UDCA group. Biochemically, MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-17, NF-kB, lactate, NGF and NRF2 levels in brain tissues showed significant differences between controls and the PPA + Saline group, and between the PPA + Saline group and the PPA + UDCA group. Histopathology showed that PPA injection caused increased glial activity, neural body degeneration, decreased neural count and dysmorphic changes in hippocampal and cerebellar tissues. UDCA treatment significantly ameliorated these changes.
Conclusion
UDCA administration has ameliorating effects on PPA-induced autism-like behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes in rats.
Evaluation of eGFP expression in the ChAT-eGFP transgenic mouse brain
Authors: Gamage Rashmi , Münch Gerald , Zaborszky Laszlo , Gyengesi Erika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: A historically definitive marker for cholinergic neurons is choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine, can be found in high concentration in cholinergic neurons, both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. ChAT, produced in the body of the neuron and is transported to the nerve terminal, where its concentration is highest, catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from the coenzyme acetyl-CoA to choline, yielding acetylcholine (Ach). The creation of the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice expressing promoter-specific fluorescent reporter proteins (green fluorescent protein - GFP) provided an enormous advantage for neuroscience. Both in vivo and in vitro experimental methods benefited from the transgenic visualization of the cholinergic neurons. Mice were created by adding a BAC clone into the ChAT locus, in which eGFP is inserted into exon 3 at the ChAT initiation codon, robustly and supposedly selectively expressing enhanced GFP (eGFP) in all cholinergic neurons and fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in non-neuronal cells. Methods: This project systematically compared the exact distribution of the ChAT-eGFP expressing neurons in the brain with the expression of ChAT by immunohistochemistry using mapping, and comparison with in situ hybridization (ISH). Results: We qualitatively described the distribution of ChAT-eGFP neurons in the mouse brain comparing it with the distribution of immunoreactive neurons and ISH data, paying special attention to areas where the expression is not overlapping, such as the cortex, the striatum, the thalamus and the hypothalamus. We found complete overlap between the transgenic expression of eGFP and the immunohistochemical staining in the areas of the cholinergic basal forebrain. However, in the cortex and hippocampus we found small neurons that were only labelled with the antibody and not expressed eGFP or vice versa. Most importantly, we found no transgenic expression of eGFP in the lateral dorsal, ventral and dorsomedial tegmental nuclei cholinergic cells. Conclusion: While the majority of the forebrain choline acetyltransferase expression was aligned in the transgenic animals with immunohistochemistry, other areas of interest, such as the brainstem should be considered before choosing this particular transgenic mouse line.