bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of two workload-matched high intensity interval training protocols on regulatory factors associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats
Authors: Delfan Maryam , Vahed Alieh , Bishop David J. , Amadeh Juybari Raheleh , Laher Ismail , Saeidi Ayoub , Granacher Urs , Zouhal Hassane 
Published: September 2022

Aims: High intensity interval training (HIIT) improves mitochondrial characteristics. This study compared the impact of two workload-matched high intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols with different work:recovery ratios on regulatory factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats.Materials and methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups: non-diabetic control, diabetic control (DC), diabetic with long recovery exercise [4–5 × 2-min running at 80%–90% of the maximum speed reached with 2-min of recovery at 40% of the maximum speed reached (DHIIT1:1)], and diabetic with short recovery exercise (5–6 × 2-min running at 80%–90% of the maximum speed reached with 1-min of recovery at 30% of the maximum speed reached [DHIIT2:1]). Both HIIT protocols were completed five times/week for 4 weeks while maintaining equal running distances in each session.Results: Gene and protein expressions of PGC-1α, p53, and citrate synthase of the muscles increased significantly following DHIIT1:1 and DHIIT2:1 compared to DC (p ˂ 0.05). Most parameters, except for PGC-1α protein (p = 0.597), were significantly higher in DHIIT2:1 than in DHIIT1:1 (p ˂ 0.05). Both DHIIT groups showed significant increases in maximum speed with larger increases in DHIIT2:1 compared with DHIIT1:1.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that both HIIT protocols can potently up-regulate gene and protein expression of PGC-1α, p53, and CS. However, DHIIT2:1 has superior effects compared with DHIIT1:1 in improving mitochondrial adaptive responses in diabetic rats.
Concurrent training and interindividual response in women with a high number of metabolic syndrome risk factors
Authors: Delgado-Floody Pedro , Chirosa-Ríos Luis , Caamaño-Navarrete Felipe , Valdés-Badilla Pablo , Herrera-Valenzuela Tomás , Monsalves-Álvarez Matías , Núñez-Espinosa Cristian , Castro-Sepulveda Mauricio , Guzmán-Muñoz Eduardo , Andrade David C. , Álvarez Cristian 
Published: September 2022

The non-responders (NRs) after exercise training have been poorly studied in populations with morbid obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the NR prevalence after 20 weeks of concurrent training of morbidly obese women with a high or low number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. Twenty-eight women with morbid obesity participated in an exercise training intervention and were allocated into two groups distributed based on a high (≥3, n = 11) or low number (&lt;3, n = 17) of MetS risk factors. The main outcomes were waist circumference (WC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and secondary outcomes were body composition, anthropometric and physical fitness, determined before and after 20 weeks of concurrent training. NRs were defined as previously used technical error cut-off points for the MetS outcomes. Significantly different (all p &lt; 0.05) prevalences of NRs between the H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups (respectively) in WC (NRs 18.2 % vs. 41.1 %, p &lt; 0.0001), SBP (NRs 72.7 % vs. 47.0 %, p = 0.022), DBP (NRs 54.5 % vs. 76.4 %, p &lt; 0.0001), FPG (NRs 100% vs. 64.8 %, p &lt; 0.0001), and HDL-c (NRs 90.9 % vs. 64.7 %, p = 0.012) were observed. In addition, the H-MetS group evidenced significant changes on ΔSBP (−10.2 ± 11.4 mmHg), ΔFPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 mg/dl), ΔHDL-c (+4.0 ± 5.9 mg/dl), and ΔTg (−8.8 ± 33.8 mg/dl), all p &lt; 0.05. The L-MetS group only showed significant changes in ΔWC (−3.8 ± 5.0 cm, p = 0.009). Comparing H-MetS vs. L-MetS groups, significant differences were observed in ∆FPG (−5.8 ± 8.2 vs. +0.3 ± 3.2 mg/dl, p = 0.027), but not in other MetS outcomes. In conclusion, 20 weeks of concurrent training promotes greater beneficial effects in morbidly obese patients with a high number of MetS risk factors. However, the NR prevalence for improving MetS outcomes was significantly superior in these more-diseased groups in SBP, FPG, and HDL-c, independent of their major training-induced effects.
Effects of neuromuscular training on athletes physical fitness in sports: A systematic review
Authors: Akbar Saddam , Soh Kim Geok , Jazaily Mohd Nasiruddin Nasnoor , Bashir Marrium , Cao Shudian , Soh Kim Lam 
Published: September 2022

Objective: This review study aimed to assess the impact of neuromuscular training (NT) on athletes’ physical fitness in sports.Methods: Three independent reviewers conducted a literature search in various databases: EBSCOHOST, PubMed, WOS, Mendeley, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, additional references, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality was examined using Lubans’ predetermined methods, and data that included trials were excluded.Results: This review included 18 well-conducted systematic studies from 144 relevant publications. These studies were reviewed and have been given a score of 6. Medium-risk studies were scored 3 or 4, while low-risk studies were scored 5 or 6. None of the studies had a high-risk bias. The NT intervention revealed that balance (n = 10) was the main characteristic of physical fitness that was evaluated, followed by agility (n = 6), muscular strength (n = 4), speed (n = 5), endurance and muscular power (n = 2). Subsequently, most studies used an intervention such as plyometric and strength training exercises to improve agility, balance, and muscular strength among athletes.Conclusion: This review implicated that (NT) focuses on exercises that enhance motor skills which aid athletes in moving their bodies according to their situational needs. The athletes’ slower and faster directions influence their agility, muscular strength, and balance, essential for player performance. It is recommended for future research to investigate the effects of neuromuscular training (length of 12-weeks, frequency of 3 days per week and 90-min duration) on physical fitness components (coordination, reaction-time, flexibility, cardiovascular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition) that are essential for all ages of male and female athletes in all sports.
Daytime and seasonal reflectance of maize grown in varying compass directions
Authors: Buchhart Claudia , Schmidhalter Urs 
Published: September 2022

High temporal and spatial resolution is required to meet the challenges of changing plant characteristics over time. Solar radiation and reflectance of vegetation canopies vary with the time of day and growing season. Little is known regarding the interactions between daily and seasonally varying irradiation and reflectance of row-planted crops that can be grown in any compass direction. The spectral reflectance of maize grown in four compass directions was recorded across the entire life cycle through highly frequent drone-based multispectral sensing to determine biomass changes over time and make early yield predictions. Comparison of information from spectral bands and indices indicated no differences among the four compass directions at the reproductive stage and only a few differences at the earlier vegetative growth stages. There was no systematic influence of row orientation on the relationships between spectral data, biomass, and grain yield, except at the early growth stages. Spectral relationships to biomass at the reproductive stage varied in row directions with R2-values close to 0.9, already observed at early growth stages for the indices NDVI, SR, GCI, and GNDVI. The spectral relationships to yield were closer in individual compass directions, with R2-values varying between 0.8–0.9 for the best indices GCI and GNDV after BBCH 61. A closer inspection of daytime changes indicated a diurnal trend with 15 and 20% decreased spectral values observed after midday at the growth stages BBCH 81 and 61, respectively, thus requiring standardization of flight timing during the day. Drone-assisted nadir-oriented spectral sensing could be a reference for terrestrial and satellite-based reflectance sensing to relate canopy reflectance to crop characteristics quantitatively.
YESS: A feasibility study of a supported employment program for youths with mental health disorders
Authors: Ow Nikki , Marchand Kirsten , Glowacki Krista , Alqutub Diana , Mathias Steve , Barbic Skye P. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveIn Canada, employment/education support is rarely embedded as a component of mental health service delivery. This study describes a supported education/employment program (SEP) that integrates both clinical and community mental health services. The main objectives were to estimate the feasibility of a 5-week SEP among youths aged 17–24 with mental illness and to estimate the extent to which participation in this program improved employment and mental health outcomes.MethodsThis was a single cohort study. Feasibility outcomes assessed were demand, acceptability, practicality, integration, adaptation, and effectiveness. These were assessed through recruitment and retention rates, recording patterns of missing data, and examining differences between completers and non-completers. Appropriateness of the outcome measures was assessed through the strength of the association between the outcome measures at baseline. Effectiveness of the program was assessed through employment and as measured using MyLifetracker (MLT), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Canadian Personal Recovery Outcome Measure (CPROM).ResultsA total of 110 youths with a mean age of 20.6 (SD: 2.2) were recruited. At 5 weeks, 82 (74.5%) of participants remained in the program. Of the people who completed the program, 56.1% were women, 76.6% were in stable housing and 64.1% had depression. Approximately 60% of non-completers used two or more services and were in at-risk housing. More than 25% of participants improved on the patient-reported outcomes. Scores on these measures were moderately to highly correlated with each other. Employment rates varied and corresponded to the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.ConclusionResults showed that this program was feasible and there was high demand for SEP during the COVID-19 pandemic but gaining employment remained difficult. Educational or employment outcomes, measured over a short period, may not be adequate. Instead, individualized and patient-reported outcome measures may be more appropriate for SEP programs.
Factors of suicidal behavior among inpatients with major depressive disorder: A retrospective case series
Authors: Liu Chaomeng , Pan Weigang , Zhu Dandi , Meng Fanqiang , Tian Tengfei , Li Li , Li Xiaohong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivePrevious studies indicate that more than half of those who died by suicide had a depressive disorder. When discussing the factors associated to suicidal behavior (SB) among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), sociocultural contexts should also be carefully considered. This case series study explored the factors correlated to SB among MDD patients in Beijing, China.MethodsThe patient information sheets were retrieved from an electronic database that comprised patient medical information. Three forms of binary logistic regression equations were conducted to explore the factors associated to SB among patients with MDD. For the inconsistent variables produced by the three regression models, the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was done for further verification.ResultsIn this retrospective study, 1,091 depressed cases were enrolled. The difference between the SB group and non-SB group in gender, impulsivity, the severity of depression, history of major mental trauma, and family history of suicide were statistically significant in univariate comparisons (P &lt; 0.05); the binary logistic regression analysis and the PSM analysis showed that female gender, history of major mental trauma, impulsivity, family history of suicide and severity of depression were factors correlated to SB among patients with MDD (odds ratios &gt;1).ConclusionsFemale gender, the history of major mental trauma, impulsivity, the severity of depression, and family history of suicide were independently associated with the appearance of SB among MDD patients in Beijing, China. Inevitably, these findings should be viewed with particular caution due to the inherent drawbacks of a retrospective nature. More prospective longitudinal research should be conducted to examine those dynamic alterations in the corresponding confounders.
Global Burden of cardiomyopathy and myocarditis in the older adults from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Cheng Xuebing , Qu Na , Song Hongwei , Luo Youhong , Ye Tongtong , Xu Qian , Tian Hongzhan , Kan Chengxia , Hou Ningning 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundCardiomyopathy and myocarditis (CM-MC) are common chronic diseases causing heart failure in older adults. We aimed to analyze the burden of CM-MC in older adults aged 60–89 years at the global, regional, and national levels in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019.MethodsDetailed data on CM-MC from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and the proportion of deaths caused by different risks factors. All results are presented as numbers, age-standardized rates per 100,000 person-years and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) with an uncertainty interval of 95%.ResultsGlobally, there were 475,458 (339,942–638,363) incidence cases from CM-MC in 2019; with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 16 (13–19.3) per 100,000 person-years. And there were 185,308 (154,610–200,448) deaths, with the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) being 4.4 (3.7–4.8). CM-MC resulted in 3,372,716 (2,931,247–3,693,622) DALYs, with an age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of 114.8 (98.7–126.1). Estimated annual percentage change (EAPCs) for ARIS, ARMS, and ARDS has decreased. At the national level, the United States of America had the highest mortality [21,372 (18,924–24,241)] and disability-adjusted life years [407,712 (370,234–470,165)]. And China had the highest number of incident cases [122, 266 (85,925–166,095)]. Globally, high systolic blood pressure and alcohol consumption were the top two risk factors for the proportion of CM-MC deaths.ConclusionCM-MC is still an important cause of early death and chronic disability in older adults. Based on this study, public health agencies should seek more effective methods to prevent and treat CM-MC.
Assessing the impact of the four COVID-19 variants and the vaccine coverage on mortality in Malta over 2 years: An observational case study
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Grech Stephan , Grech Victor 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMortality may quantify a population's disease burden. Malta, like other European countries, experienced COVID-19 surges in cases and mortality across the pandemic. This study assesses COVID-19's mortality impact, while exploring the effects of the four dominant COVID-19 variants and that of the vaccination coverage on the Maltese population.MethodsCOVID-19 data (cases, mortality, positivity, and vaccination rates) was obtained from the websites of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control and the Malta Ministry of Health. Data was categorized into the four periods according to reported dominant COVID-19 variant. Years of life lost (YLL) and Case-Fatality-Ratio (CFR) for each period were estimated. CFR was also estimated for the pre-vaccine and post-vaccine periods.ResultsThe original COVID-19 period (36 weeks) had the highest YLL (4,484), followed by the Omicron variant period (12 weeks; 1,398). The Alpha variant period (7 weeks) had the highest CFR (1.89%) followed by the Original COVID-19 (1.35%). The pre-vaccine (1.59%) period had higher CFR than the post-vaccine period (0.67%).ConclusionVarious factors contributed to mortality, but the variant's infectivity, transmissibility, and the effectiveness of the vaccine against the variant play an important role. Reducing mortality by embracing mass vaccination that targets current variants along with other non-pharmaceutical interventions remains paramount.
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Data Linkage Publications on Diabetes in Australia
Authors: Dinh Ngan T. T. , Cox Ingrid A. , de Graaff Barbara , Campbell Julie A. , Stokes Brian , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: September 2022

AimsOur study aimed to identify the common themes, knowledge gaps and to evaluate the quality of data linkage research on diabetes in Australia.MethodsThis systematic review was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (the PRISMA Statement). Six biomedical databases and the Australian Population Health Research Network (PHRN) website were searched. A narrative synthesis was conducted to comprehensively identify the common themes and knowledge gaps. The guidelines for studies involving data linkage were used to appraise methodological quality of included studies.ResultsAfter screening and hand-searching, 118 studies were included in the final analysis. Data linkage publications confirmed negative health outcomes in people with diabetes, reported risk factors for diabetes and its complications, and found an inverse association between primary care use and hospitalization. Linked data were used to validate data sources and diabetes instruments. There were limited publications investigating healthcare expenditure and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in people with diabetes. Regarding methodological assessment, important information about the linkage performed was under-reported in included studies.ConclusionsIn the future, more up to date data linkage research addressing costs of diabetes and its complications in a contemporary Australian setting, as well as research assessing ADRs of recently approved antidiabetic medications, are required.
Socio-economic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Results from a population-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Santa-Ramírez Hugo-Alejandro , Wisniak Ania , Pullen Nick , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Pennacchio Francesco , Lorthe Elsa , Dumont Roxane , Baysson Hélène , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection and its health consequences have disproportionally affected disadvantaged socio-economic groups globally. This study aimed to analyze the association between socio-economic conditions and having developed antibodies for-SARS-CoV-2 in a population-based sample in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland.MethodsData was obtained from a population-based serosurvey of adults in Geneva and their household members, between November and December, 2020, toward the end of the second pandemic wave in the canton. Participants were tested for antibodies for-SARS-CoV-2. Socio-economic conditions representing different dimensions were self-reported. Mixed effects logistic regressions were conducted for each predictor to test its association with seropositive status as the main outcome.ResultsTwo thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine adults completed the study questionnaire and were included in the final analysis. Retired participants and those living in suburban areas had lower odds of a seropositive result when compared to employed participants (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20–0.87) and those living in urban areas (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46–0.97), respectively. People facing financial hardship for less than a year had higher odds of a seropositive result compared to those who had never faced them (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.01–4.95). Educational level, occupational position, and household income were not associated with being seropositive, nor were ethnicity or country of birth.DiscussionWhile conventional measures of socio-economic position did not seem to be related to the risk of being infected in this sample, this study sheds lights on the importance of examining the broader social determinants of health when evaluating the differential impact of the pandemic within the population.
A cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients at a transplant center in the United States
Authors: Wang Lucas , Abualfoul Mujahed , Oduor Hellen , Acharya Priyanka , Cui Mingyang , Murray Anne , Dominguez Edward , Pagadala Mangesh 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesKnowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) have been widely used during times of pandemic to quantify and locate gaps of care during pandemics. Using this tool, we can identify and target populations who underwent solid organ transplant (SOT) to bolster preventative practices in these patients during COVID-19.Materials and methodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021 on patients who underwent a liver and/or kidney transplant at Methodist Dallas Medical Center in Dallas, Texas, USA. A KAP questionnaire of 26 questions about COVID-19 was designed based on the clinical and community management guidelines published by the WHO. The participant's overall KAP was categorized using Bloom's cut-off point. A KAP domain was considered sufficient if the score was between 60 and 100% and insufficient if the score was &lt;60%. The strength of association was assessed by using odds ratio (OR); only significant independent factors in each tested area were assessed.ResultsRespondents with children in the household were less likely to have sufficient practices than those who did not [OR = 0.2491, 95% Confidence Interval (0.0893–0.6120), p = 0.001]. We also found that sufficient levels of knowledge correlated with higher likelihood of sufficient levels of practices [OR = 4.94, 95% CI (1.646–14.2159), p &lt; 0.005]. Interestingly, we found that sufficient levels of attitude did not correlate with sufficient levels of practice (p = 0.201).ConclusionOur study found that knowledge and having children in the household correlated with higher levels of practice.
The Relationship Between Hepcidin-Mediated Iron Dysmetabolism and COVID-19 Severity: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Peng Denggao , Gao Yanzhang , Zhang Li , Liu Zhichao , Wang Huan , Liu Yingxia 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundsHepcidin has been identified as a systemic iron-regulatory hormone. Recent studies have suggested that iron metabolism disorders may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).ObjectivesTo re-evaluate the hepcidin-related iron metabolism parameters and explore the relationship between hepcidin-mediated iron dysmetabolism and COVID-19 severity.MethodsCOVID-19 is classified as mild and moderate as non-severe, severe and critical as severe. A meta-analysis was conducted. Four bibliographic databases were comprehensively searched up to December 31st 2021.ResultsSix unique studies with data from 477 COVID-19 patients were included. Compared to non-severe cases, severe cases had higher hepcidin (standardized mean difference (SMD), −0.39; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [−0.76, −0.03]; P = 0.03) and ferritin (SMD, −0.84; 95% CI [−1.30, −0.38]; P = 0.0004). In five out of six studies, a total of 427 patients were tested for serum iron, and there were significant differences in their levels between severe and non-severe cases (SMD, 0.22; 95% CI [0.02, 0.41]; P = 0.03). A total of 320 patients from four out of six studies were tested for transferrin saturation, and the statistical difference was not significant (SMD, 0.06; 95% CI [−0.17, 0.28]; P = 0.64).ConclusionSevere COVID-19 cases had higher serum levels of hepcidin and ferritin, and lower serum iron, without significant differences in transferrin saturation. Further studies are needed to verify whether targeting the hepcidin-mediated iron metabolism axis may influence the outcome and treatment of COVID-19.