bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcendental Julia sets of minimal Hausdorff dimension
Authors: BURKART JACK , LAZEBNIK KIRILL 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show the existence of transcendental entire functions

$f: \mathbb {C} \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$

with Hausdorff-dimension

$1$

Julia sets, such that every Fatou component of f has infinite inner connectivity. We also show that there exist singleton complementary components of any Fatou component of f, answering a question of Rippon and Stallard [Eremenko points and the structure of the escaping set. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.372(5) (2019), 3083–3111]. Our proof relies on a quasiconformal-surgery approach developed by Burkart and Lazebnik [Interpolation of power mappings. Rev. Mat. Iberoam.39(3) (2023), 1181–1200].
A comparison of different chemical control application methods for managing Elaeagnus pungens in South Carolina
Authors: Darr Molly N. , Nottingham Louis B. , Steele Janet W. , Evans Timothy L. , Coyle David R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Several Elaeagnus species (autumn olive [E. umbellata (Thunb.)], Russian olive [E. angustifolia (L.)], and thorny olive [E. pungens (Thunb.)]) are invasive in North America. Elaeagnus pungens is prevalent throughout much of the southeastern United States, commonly overtaking wooded and natural areas, bottomlands, and roadsides. While many management methods including several herbicide treatments have been evaluated, efficacy of these methods can vary based on the size and density of the target plants. Further, personal communication with land managers revealed a lack of information that incorporated application effort, duration and associated cost into treatment efficacy and usefulness. We evaluated three herbicide application methods using the free acid formulation of triclopyr in an E. pungens infested forest in South Carolina, United States to determine the effectiveness of each application method. We estimated pre-treatment E. pungens biomass and destructively harvested all live material post treatment to obtain actual biomass values. Foliar herbicide application was ineffective, but both cut stump and basal bark application nearly eliminated E. pungens in the treatment plots. The basal bark application took slightly more time to complete than cut stump treatments but was described as less physically demanding by applicators. Based on treatment efficacy and time required, the basal bark application method seems most prudent for controlling E. pungens in these areas. These results will help land managers more effectively use their resources for invasive woody plant control.
Analysis of 42 Years of Cosmic Ray Measurements by the Neutron Monitor at Lomnický štít Observatory
Authors: Kisvárdai Imre , Štempel Filip , Randuška Lukáš , Mackovjak Šimon , Langer Ronald , Strhárský Igor , Kubančák Ján 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe correlation and physical interconnection between space weather indices and cosmic ray flux has been well‐established with extensive literature on the topic. Our investigation is centered on the relationships among the solar radio flux, geomagnetic field activity, and cosmic ray flux, as observed by the Neutron Monitor at the Lomnický štít Observatory in Slovakia. We processed the raw neutron monitor data, generating the first publicly accessible data set spanning 42 years. The curated continuous data are available in.csv format in hourly resolution from December 1981 to July 2023 and in minute resolution from January 2001 to July 2023 (Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10790915). Validation of this processed data was accomplished by identifying distinctive events within the data set. As part of the selection of events for case studies, we report the discovery of TGE‐s visible in the data. Applying the Pearson method for statistical analysis, we quantified the linear correlation of the data sets. Additionally, a prediction power score was computed to reveal potential non‐linear relationships. Our findings demonstrate a significant anti‐correlation between cosmic ray and solar radio flux with a correlation coefficient of −0.74, coupled with a positive correlation concerning geomagnetic field strength. We also found that the neutron monitor measurements correlate better with a delay of 7–21 hr applied to the geomagnetic field strength data. The correlation between these data sets is further improved when inspecting periods of extreme solar events only. Lastly, the computed prediction power score of 0.22 for neutron flux in the context of geomagnetic field strength presents exciting possibilities for developing real‐time geomagnetic storm prediction models based on cosmic ray measurements.
Potassium Isotope Evidence for Origin of Archean TTG Rocks From Seawater‐Hydrothermally Altered Oceanic Crust
Authors: Xiong D.‐Y. , Wang X.‐L. , Li W. , Zheng Y.‐F. , Anhaeusser C. R. , Hofmann A. , Wang D. , Li J.‐Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorite (TTG) rocks constitute a crucial part of the Archean continental crust, yet their origins remain contentious. It is critical to decipher their source nature and hydration mechanism. This paper presents a study of whole‐rock K stable isotopes in well‐preserved ca. 3.51–3.42 Ga TTG rocks and associated mafic rocks from the Barberton granitoid‐greenstone terrane (BGGT) in the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. The results show for the first time a substantial δ41K variation from −0.69 ± 0.07‰ to −0.32 ± 0.05‰ (2SD) for the Paleoarchean mafic rocks, exceeding the present mantle δ41K range from −0.6 to −0.3‰. This variation can be well explained by the seawater‐hydrothermal alteration at different temperatures. Similarly, the Paleoarchean TTGs exhibit a wide δ41K range from −0.55 ± 0.04‰ to 0.07 ± 0.08‰ (2SD). In combination with available zircon δ18O values of 5.07–6.02‰, it is evident that Archean TTGs would be derived from partial melting of the seawater‐hydrothermally altered oceanic crust (AOC). The distinct K‐O isotope signatures demonstrate that the hydration of Archean mafic crust is caused by the hydrothermal alteration at mid‐ocean ridges during seafloor spreading. The variable K‐O isotope compositions in the Archean TTGs signify a series of processes that are dominated by the seawater‐hydrothermally altered AOC in a Wilson cycle from divergence through convergence to rifting of Archean oceanic plates. This offers a viable mechanism for TTG petrogenesis and the growth of continental crust in the Archean.
Impact of Ekman Pumping on the Meridional Coherence of the AMOC
Authors: Fraser Neil J. , Fox Alan D. , Cunningham Stuart A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe effect of wind‐induced vertical velocity on the meridional coherence of Atlantic meridional overtuning circulation (AMOC) is examined using theory, observations, and a numerical model. Two cases are considered: (a) the AMOC computed in depth coordinates and (b) the AMOC computed in isopycnal coordinates. In depth space, the difference between the AMOC at different latitudes is largely explained by vertical transport across the depth surface induced by Ekman pumping. In density space, this difference is explained by Ekman‐driven heave of the neutral surface separating the upper and lower limbs. This adiabatic “sloshing” changes the relative volumes of the upper and lower AMOC limbs, obscuring the distribution and advection of the diapycnal transports which characterize the AMOC.
Altitude‐Dependent Plasma Parameter Variations of Synthetic EISCAT UHF and VHF Incoherent Scatter Spectra Calculated From TIE‐GCM Results
Authors: Günzkofer Florian , Stober Gunter , Heymann Frank , Tjulin Anders , Borries Claudia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIncoherent scatter radar measurements rely on the application of a priori parameters from empirical models to initialize the analysis of incoherent scatter spectra. Currently, there is a need to transform ionosphere models to enable reliable space weather predictions through data assimilation of observations. Very often the data assimilation relies on electron densities measured with incoherent scatter radars. Erroneous a priori parameters would lead to the assimilation of inaccurate and physically inconsistent data depending on the ionospheric model. It might therefore be beneficial to assimilate the entire radar spectrum and infer the plasma parameters from the assimilated spectrum by applying the a priori parameters as given by the model. To assess the potential assimilation of incoherent scatter spectra into models, we investigate synthetic EISCAT incoherent scatter spectra calculated from TIE‐GCM results. At F1 region altitudes, the atomic‐to‐molecular ion ratio strongly affects the shape of the incoherent scatter spectrum. Since the vertical profiles of the atomic‐to‐molecular ion ratio are distinctly different in the EISCAT a priori model and TIE‐GCM, the assimilation of single plasma parameters induces additional, unbalanced forces into the model. A similar problem arises in the E region due to different ion‐neutral collision frequency profiles. These problems could be solved by assimilation of the entire incoherent scatter spectrum followed by an in‐model evaluation of the plasma parameters. We demonstrate the effect of different a priori profiles on the spectral analysis and how the derived plasma parameters are changing when leveraging a more comprehensive approach of using forward modeling with TIE‐GCM.
The Mono Lake and Laschamps Geomagnetic Excursions Recorded by Sediments in the Drake Passage
Authors: Nowaczyk Norbert R. , Jiabo Liu , Lamy Frank , Lembke‐Jene Lester , Arz Helge W. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Drake Passage is characterized by strong ocean currents barely allowing the deposition of fine grained sediments. Only in smaller basins protected from these currents sediments are able to settle more or less continuously. Two sediment cores from within the Drake Passage were subjected to magnetostratigraphic analyses. In one core inclinations are too steep while they are too shallow in the other one. Tentatively, directions of both cores were slightly tilted so that the maximum of the inclination distribution aligns with the direction of a geocentric axial dipole. Inclination variations then correlate fairly well, while declinations still show only little congruence. This is interpreted as the result of locally varying bottom currents partly biasing the remanence acquisition processes. Nevertheless, due to the high latitude of the coring site at 58°S, the field vector is mostly dominated by inclination and intensity variations. Directional variations during the documented Mono Lake (34.5 ka) and Laschamps (41.0 ka) geomagnetic excursions are only slightly changed by the applied tilt‐correction and afterward correlate very well from core to core. The Mono Lake excursion is characterized by shallow inclinations only, indicating a non‐axial dipolar field geometry. The field vector during the Laschamps excursion reaches a fully reversed direction. Both excursions are associated with clear minima in paleointensity. During the Laschamps excursion even a slight field recovery can be observed during the reversed phase of the field vector. Both excursions in Drake Passage sediments are terminated fairly abruptly followed by a more or less steep increase in paleointensity.
Temporal Dynamics of Open Ocean Polynyas Influenced by Sea Ice and Climatic Impacts in the West Cosmonaut Sea
Authors: Hao Guanghua , Shen Hui , Wang Anliang , Sun Yongming 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOpen ocean polynyas, regions of open water surrounded by sea ice, frequently occur in the West Cosmonaut Sea, an Antarctic marginal sea in the southern Indian Ocean sector. These polynyas play a crucial role in regional energy exchange and influence Antarctic atmospheric processes. This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of the West Cosmonaut Sea polynyas (WCP) from 1979 to 2023, using sea ice concentration (SIC) data collected from May to August. Our results reveal that a pronounced winter sea ice decline promotes the embayment shape formation, precursor to WCP with open water encircled on three sides by sea ice, mainly open on the northeast side. Statistical analysis identifies regions between 62.0–67°S and 28.0–50.0°E, centered near 65°S, 41°E, as hotspots of polynya occurrence. The annual mean WCP area ranges from 2.0 × 103 to 0.7 × 105 km2, with maximum yearly extents between 3.6 × 103 to 1.5 × 105 km2. The yearly accumulated lasting time spans 3–20 days, exhibiting interannual variability with periodicities of 2–3 years and 4–8 years, partially modulated by the Southern Annular Mode. Since 1987, the duration of WCP events has markedly increased, though a decline has been observed since 2012, likely linked to variations in SIC within the embayment. Enhanced wind stress curl supports WCP formation, increases precipitation, and contributes to polynya closure. WCP dynamics amplify evaporation, latent and sensible heat flux, further highlighting the complex interplay between the atmosphere and the ocean in the Antarctic.
Magnesium Isotope Fractionation During Basalt Weathering: An Index of Weathering Fluxes and CO2 Consumption
Authors: Luo Kai , Ma Jin‐Long , Teng Fang‐Zhen , Wei Gang‐Jian , Zhu Guan‐Hong , Zeng Ti , Wang Zhi‐Bing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe weathering of silicate rocks exerts a significant control on the weathering fluxes of metals and atmospheric CO2 consumption. In this study, we present new magnesium (Mg) isotope data from a basalt weathering profile in Hainan Island, South China, to investigate Mg isotope fractionation and calculate weathering fluxes and CO2 consumption. The Mg mobility (τMg,Ti) in saprolites decreases from −34.1% to −95.7%. The δ26Mg values in saprolites vary from −0.25 ± 0.07‰ to 0.43 ± 0.07‰, higher than those of the parent rock (−0.25 ± 0.07 ‰). The significant Mg loss during the formation and decomposition of clay minerals influences Mg isotope fractionation, particularly with changes in kaolinite structure under different pH conditions, which prefer heavy Mg isotopes. By applying a mass balance model, we have developed a novel method to calculate weathering fluxes based on the weathering profile, yielding Mg elemental fluxes (MgFlux) of 2.45–5.85 mol/cm2/Myr, Mg isotopic fluxes (δ26MgFlux) of −0.44 to −0.04‰/mol/cm2/Myr, and CO2 consumption of 2.3 × 1012 mol/yr for the weathering outputs of basaltic rocks. This highlights the crucial role of basalt weathering in global carbon sequestration. Our findings improve the understanding of Mg cycling and isotope fractionation in epigenetic environments and facilitate the quantification of weathering fluxes and atmospheric CO2 consumption during basalt weathering.
Initial Closure of the Longmu Co‐Shuanghu Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean: Constraints Based on New Paleomagnetic Data From the Middle Triassic Volcanic‐Sedimentary Sequence, Southern Qiangtang Terrane
Authors: Ma Xingduo , Tan Xiaodong , Li Yalin , Wang Chengshan , Han Zhongpeng , Li Shuai , Li Zijian , Yang Bo , Song Jizheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the geodynamics of the Tethys requires solid constraints on the evolution of the Tethyan Ocean. However, the exact closure time of the Longmu Co‐Shuanghu Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean remains poorly defined. To address this issue, we report a combined paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and petrographic study of the Middle Triassic (∼240 Ma) volcanic‐sedimentary sequence of the southern Qiangtang Terrane. Magnetite, along with minor amounts of pyrrhotite and hematite, are the magnetic carriers in the limestone, whereas magnetite and titanomagnetite constitute the principal magnetic carriers in the volcanic rocks. After tilt correction, the analysis of characteristic remanent magnetizations (ChRMs) from 18 sites yielded a mean direction of Ds = 55.4°, Is = 36.2°, α95s = 6.4°, and k = 29.9. The volcanic rock sites effectively averaged out the paleomagnetic secular variation, and the overall ChRMs passed the fold test. The determined paleomagnetic pole at 39.4°N, 175.6°E, with A95 = 5.7°, indicates a paleolatitude of ∼20.1 ± 5.7°N. A comparison of paleolatitudes between the northern and southern Qiangtang terranes reveals that the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean was initially closed before or during the Middle Triassic. Available geological observations, including magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentological records from the northern and southern Qiangtang terranes and the suture zone indicate a closure time ranging from late Middle Triassic to early Late Triassic. Thus, the combined geological records and paleomagnetic results suggest that the LongmuCo–Shuanghu Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean was initially closed in the late Middle Triassic.
Dilute Species Transport During Generalized Newtonian Fluid Flow in Porous Medium Systems
Authors: Bowers Christopher A. , Miller Cass T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDilute species transport in generalized Newtonian fluids (GNFs) is typically described using explanatory empirical approaches assuming a traditional Fickian form, which is an approach that lacks predictive ability for systems and conditions not specifically investigated. Dilute species transport was investigated for a wide range of Cross and Carreau fluids flowing through a set of monodisperse and polydisperse sphere pack porous media. Both microscale and macroscale simulations were performed to demonstrate that GNF fluid flow can be predicted based upon Newtonian characterization of the media and rheological characterization of the fluid. Dilute species transport was shown to have a Fickian limit with dispersivity dependent on the porous media, fluid properties, and the flow rate in a nonlinear fashion. Dimensionless analysis and symbolic regression was used to deduce an explanatory and predictive function to describe dispersivity in terms of relevant system properties, enabling prediction of dilute species transport for GNFs flowing through porous media that does not require any non‐Newtonian experiments or parameter estimation.
Effect of regional crosstalk between sympathetic nerves and sensory nerves on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Ma Zhangyu , Wan Qianqian , Qin Wenpin , Qin Wen , Yan Janfei , Zhu Yina , Wang Yuzhu , Ma Yuxuan , Wan Meichen , Han Xiaoxiao , Zhao Haoyan , Hou Yuxuan , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Lina , Jiao Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a common disease often accompanied by pain, seriously affecting physical and mental health of patients. Abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction has been considered as a predominant origin of arthralgia, while the specific mechanism mediating pain remains unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanism of TMJ-OA pain, an abnormal joint loading model was used to induce TMJ-OA pain. We found that during the development of TMJ-OA, the increased innervation of sympathetic nerve of subchondral bone precedes that of sensory nerves. Furthermore, these two types of nerves are spatially closely associated. Additionally, it was discovered that activation of sympathetic neural signals promotes osteoarthritic pain in mice, whereas blocking these signals effectively alleviates pain. In vitro experiments also confirmed that norepinephrine released by sympathetic neurons promotes the activation and axonal growth of sensory neurons. Moreover, we also discovered that through releasing norepinephrine, regional sympathetic nerves of subchondral bone were found to regulate growth and activation of local sensory nerves synergistically with other pain regulators. This study identified the role of regional sympathetic nerves in mediating pain in TMJ-OA. It sheds light on a new mechanism of abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction and the regional crosstalk between peripheral nerves, providing a potential target for treating TMJ-OA pain.
Spatial tumor immune heterogeneity facilitates subtype co-existence and therapy response in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Klein Lukas , Tu Mengyu , Krebs Niklas , Urbach Laura , Grimm Daniela , Latif Muhammad Umair , Penz Frederike , Blandau Anna , Wu Xueyan , Samuel Rebecca Diya , Küffer Stefan , Wegwitz Florian , Chan Nathan , Aliar Kazeera , Vyas Foram , Kishore Uday , Hessmann Elisabeth , Trumpp Andreas , Espinet Elisa , Papantonis Argyris , Khokha Rama , Ellenrieder Volker , Grünwald Barbara T. , Singh Shiv K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a high degree of spatial subtype heterogeneity and co-existence, linked to a diverse microenvironment and worse clinical outcome. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, by combining preclinical models, multi-center clinical, transcriptomic, proteomic, and patient bioimaging data, we identify an interplay between neoplastic intrinsic AP1 transcription factor dichotomy and extrinsic macrophages driving subtype co-existence and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. ATAC-, ChIP-, and RNA-seq analyses reveal that JUNB/AP1- and HDAC-mediated epigenetic programs repress pro-inflammatory signatures in tumor cells, antagonizing cJUN/AP1 signaling, favoring a therapy-responsive classical neoplastic state. This dichotomous regulation is amplified via regional TNF-α+ macrophages, which associates with a reactive phenotype and reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration in patients. Consequently, combined preclinical anti-TNF-α immunotherapy and chemotherapy reduces macrophages and promotes CD3+/CD8+ T cell infiltration in basal-like PDAC, improving survival. Hence, tumor cell-intrinsic epigenetic programs, together with extrinsic microenvironmental cues, facilitate intratumoral subtype heterogeneity and disease progression.
Fast barrier-free switching in synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Dzhezherya Yu , Kalita V. , Polynchuk P. , Kravets A. , Korenivski V. , Kruchinin S. , Bellucci S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe analytically solve the Landau-Lifshitz equations for the collective magnetization dynamics in a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) nanoparticle and uncover a regime of barrier-free switching under a short small-amplitude magnetic field pulse applied perpendicular to the SAF plane. We give examples of specific implementations for forming such low-power and ultra-fast switching pulses. For fully optical, resonant, barrier-free SAF switching we estimate the power per write operation to be $$ \sim 100 $$

∼
100

pJ, 10–100 times smaller than for conventional quasi-static rotation, which should be attractive for memory applications.