bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the likelihood of lower respiratory tractUreaplasmainfection in preterms
Authors: Viscardi Rose Marie , Magder Laurence S , Terrin Michael L , Davis Natalie L 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo develop predictive models ofUreaplasmaspp lower airway tract infection in preterm infants.MethodsA dataset was assembled from five cohorts of infants born <33 weeks gestational age (GA) enrolled over 17 years (1999–2016) with culture and/or PCR-confirmed tracheal aspirateUreaplasmastatus in the first week of life (n=415). Seventeen demographic, obstetric and neonatal factors were analysed including admission white blood cell (WBC) counts. Best subset regression was used to develop three risk scores for lower airwayUreaplasmainfection: (1) including admission laboratory values, (2) excluding admission laboratory values and (3) using only data known prenatally.ResultsGA and rupture of membranes >72 hours were significant predictors in all 3 models. When all variables including admission laboratory values were included in the regression, WBC count was also predictive in the resulting model. When laboratory values were excluded, delivery route was found to be an additional predictive factor. The area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic indicated high predictive ability of each model to identify infants with lower airwayUreaplasmainfection (range 0.73–0.77).ConclusionWe developed predictive models based on clinical and limited laboratory information available in the perinatal period that can distinguish between low risk (<10%) and high risk (>40%) of lower airwayUreaplasmainfection. These may be useful in the design of phase III trials of therapeutic interventions to preventUreaplasma-mediated lung disease in preterm infants and in clinical management of at-risk infants.
Epithelial presenilin-1 drives colorectal tumour growth by controlling EGFR-COX2 signalling
Authors: Gamez-Belmonte Reyes , Mahapatro Mousumi , Erkert Lena , Gonzalez-Acera Miguel , Naschberger Elisabeth , Yu Yuqiang , Tena-Garitaonaindia Mireia , Patankar Jay V , Wagner Yara , Podstawa Eva , Schödel Lena , Bubeck Marvin , Neurath Markus F , Stürzl Michael , Becker Christoph 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivePsen1 was previously characterised as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Little, if any, is known about its function in the gut. Here, we uncovered an unexpected functional role of Psen1 in gut epithelial cells during intestinal tumourigenesis.DesignHuman colorectal cancer (CRC) and control samples were investigated for PSEN1 and proteins of theγ-secretase complex. Tumour formation was analysed in the AOM-DSS andApcmin/+mouse models using newly generated epithelial-specificPsen1deficient mice. Psen1 deficient human CRC cells were studied in a xenograft tumour model. Tumour-derived organoids were analysed for growth and RNA-Seq was performed to identify Psen1-regulated pathways. Tumouroids were generated to study EGFR activation and evaluation of the influence of prostanoids.ResultsPSEN1 is expressed in the intestinal epithelium and its level is increased in human CRC.Psen1-deficient mice developed only small tumours and human cancer cell lines deficient in Psen1 had a reduced tumourigenicity. Tumouroids derived fromPsen1-deficientApcmin/+mice exhibited stunted growth and reduced cell proliferation. On a molecular level, PSEN1 potentiated tumour cell proliferation via enhanced EGFR signalling and COX-2 production. Exogenous administration of PGE2reversed the slow growth of PSEN1 deficient tumour cells via PGE2receptor 4 (EP4) receptor signalling.ConclusionsPsen1 drives tumour development by increasing EGFR signalling via NOTCH1 processing, and by activating the COX-2-PGE2pathway. PSEN1 inhibition could be a useful strategy in treatment of CRC.
Endovascular treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms using the Nautilus Intrasaccular System: initial case series of 41 patients at a single center
Authors: Sirakov Alexander , Bhogal Pervinder , Sirakova Kristina , Penkov Marin , Minkin Krasimir , Ninov Kristian , Hristov Hristo , Hadzhiyanev Asen , Karakostov Vasil , Sirakov Stanimir 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundEndovascular treatment of intracranial wide-necked and bifurcation aneurysms (WNBA) is technically challenging. The Nautilus Intrasaccular System is designed to provide a mechanical barrier at the aneurysm neck to support coil embolization. We report the results of a single-center series of patients treated for intracranial aneurysms with the Nautilus.MethodsClinical and radiological data were retrospectively collected for all patients treated with the Nautilus for an unruptured or ruptured intracranial aneurysm at our center between March 2021 and March 2022. Clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores), Raymond–Roy angiographic occlusion, recanalization, and complications were measured immediately post-procedure and at 3–6-month follow-up.ResultsA total of 41 patients of mean age 56.7 years (range 37–83 years) were treated with the Nautilus, with 41 saccular aneurysms (18 (43.9%) unruptured and 23 (56.1%) ruptured). The majority of aneurysms (39/41 (95.1%)) were located in the anterior circulation. We experienced no technical complications. One patient had an asymptomatic post-procedural minor stroke related to the procedure. Immediate Class I occlusion was achieved in 30 (73.1%) patients. The rate of all-cause mortality was 7.3% (3/41). One patient was lost to follow-up. At follow-up, 94.5% (35/37) of patients achieved Class I occlusion and 94.5% (35/37) had an mRS score of 0. There were no procedural-related deaths or permanent morbidities at discharge or follow-up.ConclusionThis study demonstrates good safety and effectiveness using the Nautilus Intrasaccular System to treat both ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
WRIST WITH SYNOVIAL WHITE BLOOD CELLS: SEPTIC VERSUS SUSPECTED INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS
Authors: Lee Sanglim , Jeon Suk Ha 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Accurate diagnosis of acute painful swollen wrists can be difficult. We aimed to identify the differentiating clinical and laboratory parameters for septic and suspected infectious arthritis of the wrist. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed and compared the data of 49 patients (55 wrists) with synovial fluid white blood cell (WBC) counts ¿20,000/mm3. 25 patients with 29 septic wrists with positive staining or culture results, and 24 patients with 26 suspected infectious wrists. Results: Patients with suspected infection underwent fewer operations (1.0 versus 2.1 times) and required shorter periods of hospitalization (34.0 versus 49.7 days) than those with septic wrists. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels before treatment, and postoperative day five for suspected infectious arthritis were lower than those for septic arthritis. Diabetes was more prevalent in patients with septic arthritis (13/25) than those with suspected infection (2/24). However, the average synovial WBC count and average highest temperature before treatment were not different between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients with suspected infectious wrists had lower initial CRP levels and a lower prevalence of diabetes. However, the initial synovial WBC count and body temperature were similar, implying that the initial management of suspected arthritis should be similar to that of septic arthritis.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM AND SYNOVIAL FLUID CALPROTECTIN IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS. DOES IT HAVE ANY PREDICTIVE VALUE?
Authors: Gupta T P , Rai Sanjay , Kale Amit B , Khandelwal Nitish , Reddy Deepak C 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Detection of the knee joint’s early osteoarthritis (OA) is important for its early management and prognosis; however, no reliable single biomarker is available for this purpose. This study aimed to determine the correlation between serum and synovial fluid calprotectin level in detecting early knee OA. Method: In a case-control study, serum and synovial fluid were collected from 283 patients with primary early OA knee and 50 healthy controls. Serum and synovial levels of calprotectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean serum calprotectin level was 3141 ± 2634 ng/mL in patients with OA knee and 607.08 ± 163.79 ng/mL in the healthy control group ([Formula: see text] < 0.001). The mean synovial fluid calprotectin level was 626.1 ± 67.32 ng/mL in the study population and 424.98 ± 78.41 ng/mL in the control group ([Formula: see text] < 0.05). Calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the early stages of OA knee. Conclusion: Serum calprotectin level correlates with the synovial fluid level. In the early OA knee, serum calprotectin level increases significantly and decreases afterward. However, the synovial fluid calprotectin level remains static or increases on the progression of the disease. Calprotectin may be used as a biochemical marker for early knee OA.
THE SPECTRUM OF PRESENTATION OF HOFFA’S DISEASE: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Singh Bhupendar , Saxena Medhavi , Jain Hemant , Bharwani Nandlal , Bhati Mahesh 
Published: October 2022

Background: To study the functional outcome of surgical management in Hoffa’s disease. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics in a tertiary health care centre between 1st January 2020 and 31st December 2021. A total of three patients (2 males and 1 female) with Hoffa’s disease were included in the study. Results: “Tegner-Lysholm score” was used for evaluation of function, and the mean Tegner–Lysholm score was 93. All the three patients had normal range of motion at 1 year follow-up. Conclusion: Hoffa’s disease has low incidence, and hence diagnosing the condition correctly is of utmost importance for its proper management.
Racial Inequities in Access to Ventricular Assist Device and Transplant Persist After Consideration for Preferences for Care: A Report From the REVIVAL Study
Authors: Cascino Thomas M. , Colvin Monica M. , Lanfear David E. , Richards Blair , Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Mann Douglas L. , Taddei-Peters Wendy C. , Jeffries Neal , Watkins Daphne C. , Stewart Garrick C. , Aaronson Keith D. ,   for the REVIVAL Investigators
Published: October 2022

Background:
Racial disparities in access to advanced therapies for heart failure (HF) patients are well documented, although the reasons remain uncertain. We sought to determine the association of race on utilization of ventricular assist device (VAD) and transplant among patients with access to care at VAD centers and if patient preferences impact the effect.

Methods:
We performed an observational cohort study of ambulatory chronic systolic HF patients with high-risk features and no contraindication to VAD enrolled at 21 VAD centers and followed for 2 years in the REVIVAL study (Registry Evaluation of Vital Information for VADs in Ambulatory Life). We used competing events cause-specific proportional hazard methodology with multiple imputation for missing data. The primary outcomes were (1) VAD/transplant and (2) death. The exposures of interest included race (Black or White), additional demographics, captured social determinants of health, clinician-assessed HF severity, patient-reported quality of life, preference for VAD, and desire for therapies.

Results:
The study included 377 participants, of whom 100 (26.5%) identified as Black. VAD or transplant was performed in 11 (11%) Black and 62 (22%) White participants, although death occurred in 18 (18%) Black and 36 (13%) White participants. Black race was associated with reduced utilization of VAD and transplant (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.23–0.85]) without an increase in death. Preferences for VAD or life-sustaining therapies were similar by race and did not explain racial disparities.

Conclusions:
Among patients receiving care by advanced HF cardiologists at VAD centers, there is less utilization of VAD and transplant for Black patients even after adjusting for HF severity, quality of life, and social determinants of health, despite similar care preferences. This residual inequity may be a consequence of structural racism and discrimination or provider bias impacting decision-making.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01369407.
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in a Large Population Using Wearable Devices: The Fitbit Heart Study
Authors: Lubitz Steven A. , Faranesh Anthony Z. , Selvaggi Caitlin , Atlas Steven J. , McManus David D. , Singer Daniel E. , Pagoto Sherry , McConnell Michael V. , Pantelopoulos Alexandros , Foulkes Andrea S. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Morbidity from undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) may be preventable with early detection. Many consumer wearables contain optical photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors to measure pulse rate. PPG-based software algorithms that detect irregular heart rhythms may identify undiagnosed AF in large populations using wearables, but minimizing false-positive detections is essential.

Methods:
We performed a prospective remote clinical trial to examine a novel PPG-based algorithm for detecting undiagnosed AF from a range of wrist-worn devices. Adults aged ≥22 years in the United States without AF, using compatible wearable Fitbit devices and Android or iOS smartphones, were included. PPG data were analyzed using a novel algorithm that examines overlapping 5-minute pulse windows (tachograms). Eligible participants with an irregular heart rhythm detection (IHRD), defined as 11 consecutive irregular tachograms, were invited to schedule a telehealth visit and were mailed a 1-week ambulatory ECG patch monitor. The primary outcome was the positive predictive value of the first IHRD during ECG patch monitoring for concurrent AF.

Results:
A total of 455 699 participants enrolled (median age 47 years, 71% female, 73% White) between May 6 and October 1, 2020. IHRDs occurred for 4728 (1%) participants, and 2070 (4%) participants aged ≥65 years during a median of 122 (interquartile range, 110–134) days at risk for an IHRD. Among 1057 participants with an IHRD notification and subsequent analyzable ECG patch monitor, AF was present in 340 (32.2%). Of the 225 participants with another IHRD during ECG patch monitoring, 221 had concurrent AF on the ECG and 4 did not, resulting in an IHRD positive predictive value of 98.2% (95% CI, 95.5%–99.5%). For participants aged ≥65 years, the IHRD positive predictive value was 97.0% (95% CI, 91.4%–99.4%).

Conclusions:
A novel PPG software algorithm for wearable Fitbit devices exhibited a high positive predictive value for concurrent AF and identified participants likely to have AF on subsequent ECG patch monitoring. Wearable devices may facilitate identifying individuals with undiagnosed AF.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04380415.
Coronary Arterial Spasm During Pulsed Field Ablation to Treat Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Reddy Vivek Y. , Petru Jan , Funasako Moritoshi , Kopriva Karel , Hala Pavel , Chovanec Milan , Janotka Marek , Kralovec Stepan , Neuzil Petr 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has a unique safety profile when used to treat atrial fibrillation, largely related to its preferentiality for myocardial tissue ablation, in particular, esophageal sparing. A pentaspline catheter was the first such PFA system studied clinically for atrial fibrillation ablation; in these initial regulatory trials, the catheter was used for pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial posterior wall ablation. Since its regulatory approval in Europe, in clinical practice, physicians have ablated beyond pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial posterior wall ablation to expanded lesion sets in closer proximity to coronary arteries. This is an unstudied important issue because preclinical and clinical data have raised the potential for coronary arterial spasm. Herein, we studied the vasospastic potential of PFA lesion sets, both remote from and adjacent to coronary arteries.

Methods:
During routine atrial fibrillation ablation using the pentaspline PFA catheter, coronary angiography was performed before, during, and after pulsed field applications. The lesion sets studied included: (1) those remote from the coronary arteries such as pulmonary vein isolation (n=25 patients) and left atrial posterior wall ablation (n=5), and (2) ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (n=20) that is situated adjacent to the right coronary artery.

Results:

During pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial posterior wall ablation, coronary spasm did not occur, but cavotricuspid isthmus ablation provoked severe subtotal vasospasm in 5 of 5 (100%) consecutive patients, and this was relieved by intracoronary nitroglycerin in 5.5±3.5 minutes. ST-segment elevation was not observed. However, no patient (0%,
P
=0.004) had severe spasm if first administered parenteral nitroglycerin, either intracoronary (n=5) or intravenous (n=10), before treatment.

Conclusions:
Coronary vasospasm was not provoked during PFA at locations remote from coronary arteries, but when the energy is delivered adjacent to a coronary artery, PFA routinely provokes subclinical vasospasm. This phenomenon is attenuated by nitroglycerin, administered either post hoc to treat spasm or as prophylaxis.
Redefining Cardiovascular Health to Include Sleep: Prospective Associations With Cardiovascular Disease in the MESA Sleep Study
Authors: Makarem Nour , Castro‐Diehl Cecilia , St‐Onge Marie‐Pierre , Redline Susan , Shea Steven , Lloyd‐Jones Donald , Ning Hongyan , Aggarwal Brooke 
Published: October 2022

Background
Although sufficient and healthy sleep is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 (LS7), as a measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), did not include sleep. We evaluated an expanded measure of CVH that includes sleep as an eighth metric in relation to CVD risk.

Methods and Results
The analytic sample consisted of MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Sleep Study participants who had complete data on sleep characteristics from overnight polysomnography, 7‐day wrist actigraphy, validated questionnaires, and the outcome. We computed the LS7 score and 4 iterations of a new CVH score: score 1 included sleep duration, score 2 included sleep characteristics linked to CVD in the literature (sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnea), scores 3 and 4 included sleep characteristics associated with CVD in MESA (score 3: sleep duration and efficiency, daytime sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnea; score 4: score 3+sleep regularity). Multivariable‐adjusted logistic and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated associations of the LS7 and CVH scores 1 to 4 with CVD prevalence and incidence. Among 1920 participants (mean age: 69±9 years; 54% female), there were 95 prevalent CVD events and 93 incident cases (mean follow‐up, 4.4 years). Those in the highest versus lowest tertile of the LS7 score and CVH scores 1 to 4 had up to 80% lower odds of prevalent CVD. The LS7 score was not significantly associated with CVD incidence (hazard ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.37–1.04]). Those in the highest versus lowest tertile of CVH score 1, which included sleep duration, and CVH score 4, which included multidimensional sleep health, had 43% and 47% lower incident CVD risk (hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.33–0.97]; and hazard ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32–0.89]), respectively.

Conclusions
CVH scores that include sleep health predicted CVD risk in older US adults. The incorporation of sleep as a CVH metric, akin to other health behaviors, may enhance CVD primordial and primary prevention efforts. Findings warrant confirmation in larger cohorts over longer follow‐up.
Stable isotopes indicate reduced body condition of caribou in disturbed areas
Authors: Found Rob , Baker James A. , Fryxell John M. , McLaren Ashley A.D. , Rodgers Arthur R. , Shuter Jennifer , Thompson Ian , Patterson Brent R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Understanding the impacts of disturbance on individual fitness is important for wildlife management, and critical for the conservation of species at risk. We compared the fitness and seasonal range use of 39 woodland caribou in Ontario study areas contrasted by their level of human disturbance. We previously showed that wolf density in the disturbed site was higher, likely due to human-modified landscapes favoring moose, the primary prey of wolves. In this paper we address three objectives. First, because the assimilation of dietary nitrogen is heavily influenced by metabolic processes related to stress, we hypothesized that ratios of nitrogen isotopes (N) may indicate changes in body condition in ungulates and be useful proxies for changes in fitness. Second, we predicted that increased predation risk from wolves in disturbed areas would result in measurable declines in caribou body condition. Third, we hypothesized that one mechanism for fitness declines among caribou in the disturbed area was increased wolf activity restricting caribou seasonal movements. We showed change in N in the tissues of caribou was correlated with body condition scoring using fat assessment. We used GPS collars to quantify seasonal range use and found that fitness was higher, and seasonal range overlap was lower, in caribou using the nondisturbed area. Winter fitness declines were significantly larger in the more disturbed area. Our study identifies another mechanism by which the cumulative effects of human-disturbed landscapes on caribou fitness could contribute to global declines in caribou populations.
Effectiveness of different management strategies against Nilgai population (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Punjab Province of India
Authors: Jain Somya , Singla Neena , Kalra Shasta , Mahal Amrit Kaur 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Crop raiding has been reported in many parts of Punjab as a result of an overabundance of nilgai antelopes (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and farmers are constantly battling to save their crops. In the present study, various management strategies such as physical deterrents (nylon rope, nylon net and garden net), visual repellents (scarecrow and reflective ribbon), chemical repellents (different concentrations of Neelbo and Ecodon (based on ricinoleic acid) applied by spraying, soaking jute rope, soaked in wood shavings packed in plastic bags and paper cups) and biological deterrents (bioacoustic device and different concentrations of faecal solution of horse, tiger and Himalayan black bear) were evaluated to minimize the damage caused by nilgai. Nylon net was the most promising method, providing complete protection against nilgai, which can be used for protecting crops at vulnerable stages with a one-time cost. The nylon rope and garden net provided partial protection from nilgai damage. The bioacoustic device and reflective ribbon were also effective for a short period of time. Neelbo was found more effective as chemical repellent against nilgai. The faecal solution of horse and Himalayan black bear remained effective as repellent for 10 days. It is thus concluded that while comprehensive damage prevention may be difficult, animal management devices can help reduce nilgai damage at vulnerable stages of the crop. The employment of a range of management devices at the proper time can be part of a cost-effective system to keep nilgai damage at acceptable levels.