bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision making in treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a survey study in Dutch heart centres
Authors: van Beek-Peeters J. J. A. M. , van den Ende Z. , Faes M. C. , de Vos A. J. B. M. , van Geldorp M. W. A. , Van den Branden B. J. L. , van der Meer B. J. M. , Minkman M. M. N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim
To provide insight into the basic characteristics of decision making in the treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (SSAS) in Dutch heart centres with specific emphasis on the evaluation of frailty, cognition, nutritional status and physical functioning/functionality in (instrumental) activities of daily living [(I)ADL].

Methods
A questionnaire was used that is based on the European and American guidelines for SSAS treatment. The survey was administered to physicians and non-physicians in Dutch heart centres involved in the decision-making pathway for SSAS treatment.

Results
All 16 Dutch heart centres participated. Before a patient case is discussed by the heart team, heart centres rarely request data from the referring hospital regarding patients’ functionality (n = 5), frailty scores (n = 0) and geriatric consultation (n = 1) as a standard procedure. Most heart centres ‘often to always’ do their own screening for frailty (n = 10), cognition/mood (n = 9), nutritional status (n = 10) and physical functioning/functionality in (I)ADL (n = 10). During heart team meetings data are ‘sometimes to regularly’ available regarding frailty (n = 5), cognition/mood (n = 11), nutritional status (n = 8) and physical functioning/functionality in (I)ADL (n = 10). After assessment in the outpatient clinic patient cases are re-discussed ‘sometimes to regularly’ in heart team meetings (n = 10).

Conclusions
Dutch heart centres make an effort to evaluate frailty, cognition, nutritional status and physical functioning/functionality in (I)ADL for decision making regarding SSAS treatment. However, these patient data are not routinely requested from the referring hospital and are not always available for heart team meetings. Incorporation of these important data in a structured manner early in the decision-making process may provide additional useful information for decision making in the heart team meeting.
Adsorption of Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles in the Inorganic Fraction of Volcanic Soils
Authors: Gacitua Manuel , Pavez Lynda , Escudey Mauricio , Antilén Mónica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Zerovalent (ZVI) iron has been used in environmental remediation, but the environmental fate of its nanoparticles (NZVI) is hard to find. The present study aimed to characterise the adsorption processes of commercial ZVI in the inorganic fraction of volcanic soils, contributing to the knowledge of the adsorption process on the whole soil. Volcanic soil samples were obtained by calcination method and characterised. A nano-ZVI stable suspension is prepared and characterised to know its size-particle distribution. Adsorption points (kinetical and isothermal) were obtained by adapting the procedure for homogeneous analyte adsorption. Kinetical, solute transport and isothermal adsorption and desorption models were adjusted to obtain more conclusive information about the process. Analysis of the results revealed that adsorption is a fast process. The inorganic fraction of an Andisol presented pH-dependant surface charge, requiring highly consistent control of the working pH to obtain proper adsorption points. Isothermal adsorption indicates that a combination of physical and chemical mechanisms contributes to the NZVI adsorption process. Desorption studies suggested chemisorption on specific surface-active sites of adsorbents, with the inorganic fraction of soil irreversibly retaining most of the NZVI particles. NZVI become irreversibly adsorbed over the inorganic fraction of soils, extending particle reactivity through time, affecting the stability of organic matter and microbial communities. In turn, this increases the possibility for plant uptake. Nevertheless, there is a low risk for the transport of NZVI through soil profiles or co-transport of other components that becomes adsorbed over iron, lowering the risk of aquifer pollution.
Effect of Chamomile Vaginal Gel on the Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bosak Zahra , Iravani Mina , Moghimipour Eskandar , Haghighizadeh Mohammad hosein , Jelodarian Parivash 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundFemale sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a common complaint among postmenopausal women, which is largely because of the genitourinary syndrome in these women (GSM).AimConsidering the phytoestrogenic effects of chamomile, the present study was primarily aimed to investigate the effect of chamomile vaginal gel on the sexual function of postmenopausal women. The side effects of these drugs were evaluated as a secondary outcome of the study.MethodsThis randomized double-blind clinical trial and placebo-controlled study was conducted on postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction (FSFI ≤26.55). To this aim, 96 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 32 each) including women receiving (i) chamomile vaginal gel 5%, (ii) conjugated estrogen vaginal cream, and (iii) placebo vaginal gel, for 12 weeks (ie, every night in the first 2 weeks, and 2 nights per week in the next 10 weeks, each night 1 g was used). The sexual function was measured using female sexual function index (FSFI) before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed by chi-square, one-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and paired t test using SPSS software version 22. P &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant.OutcomesThe main study outcome measure was evaluate the effects of vaginal administration of chamomile gel in comparison with conjugated estrogen cream and placebo gel on postmenopausal FSD using the FSFI.ResultsThe findings showed that chamomile vaginal gel in compared to placebo vaginal gel caused a significant improvement in all six sexual function domains and the total FSFI score (effect size = +2.9 [95% CI, +2.1 to +3.6], P &lt; .001). Also, there was no significant difference between the chamomile vaginal gel and conjugated estrogen vaginal cream groups in terms of the total score and all sub-domains of sexual function with the exception of orgasm (effect size = +0.13 [95% CI, −0.36 to +0.63], P = .02) and sexual satisfaction (effect size = 0 [95% CI, −0.49 to +0.49], P = .04). Two women in the chamomile group and one in the placebo group experienced a burning sensation (P = .345).Clinical ImplicationsThis treatment can be considered as a treatment option for postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction who have contraindications to the use of hormone therapy.Strengths & LimitationsThis study is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of chamomile vaginal gel on sexual function in postmenopausal women. However, in this study, treatment duration was 12 weeks and no follow up was performed beyond this timeConclusionBased on the results of this study, the use of vaginal chamomile gel improved sexual function in postmenopausal women.
Systematic review of preterm birth multi-omic biomarker studies
Authors: Gupta Juhi K. , Alfirevic Ana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the leading causes of deaths in infants under the age of five. Known risk factors of PTB include genetic factors, lifestyle choices or infection. Identification of omic biomarkers associated with PTB could aid clinical management of women at high risk of early labour and thereby reduce neonatal morbidity. This systematic literature review aimed to identify and summarise maternal omic and multi-omic (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolites) biomarker studies of PTB. Original research articles were retrieved from three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct, using specified search terms for each omic discipline. PTB studies investigating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics or metabolomics biomarkers prior to onset of labour were included. Data were collected and reviewed independently. Pathway analyses were completed on the biomarkers from non-targeted omic studies using Reactome pathway analysis tool. A total of 149 omic studies were identified; most of the literature investigated proteomic biomarkers. Pathway analysis identified several cellular processes associated with the omic biomarkers reported in the literature. Study heterogeneity was observed across the research articles, including the use of different gestation cut-offs to define PTB. Infection/inflammatory biomarkers were identified across majority of papers using a range of targeted and non-targeted approaches.
Sense and sensibility: How CEOs construct meaning through symbols in organizational change
Authors: Wang Yu , Lv David Diwei , Wong Christina W. Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the rational and emotional functions of symbols in organizational change and how collective sensemaking and acceptance of organizational changes are facilitated by the emotional functioning of executive symbolism. Evidence from archived data, news reports, reviews, and case studies are used to support our theoretical analysis. Our opinion is that the CEO can incorporate symbols into not only the rational calculation process to convey the benefits and losses of organizational changes but also the emotional identification process to create new emotional connections and reduce the resistance of the members to organizational changes. We describe why and when the implementation of symbolism will gain the acceptance of members toward organizational change and explain the scenarios that apply for the two functions.
Temporal variability in snow accumulation and density at Summit Camp, Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Howat Ian M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 3-year record of weekly snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation at Summit Camp, central Greenland ice sheet, obtained by direct sampling, is presented. While the overall SWE accumulation of 24.2 cm w.e. a−1 matches long-term ice core estimates, variability increases at shorter timescales. Half of the annual SWE accumulation occurs during a few large events, with the average accumulation rate decreasing 35% between the first and second halves of the record coinciding with exceptional anticyclonic conditions in the spring and summer of 2019. No seasonality in accumulation is detected. Rather, local accumulation rates appear to be significantly impacted by wind redistribution that obscures temporal patterns in snowfall. Surface snow density is consistent, on average, with previously measured values but does not correlate with near surface temperature or wind speed. Two surface mass balance reanalysis models significantly underestimate accumulation rates at Summit Camp. This is concerning because such models are often used to estimate ice-sheet mass loss.
‘Parma dreamin’’: Malerba's Il serpente
Authors: Francese Joseph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Il serpente, Luigi Malerba's first novel, the writer moves from the objectifying perspective, working-class protagonists, and themes of neorealism to a subjective realism that sets aside the direct dialogue of his first book (La scoperta dell'alfabeto, a collection of brief narratives) in favor of the exterior monologue. The narrating voice of Il serpente feels compelled to relive the guilt, shame, and humiliation of his youth. He prevaricates habitually because he is anxious as to how he appears, primarily to himself: he is caught between the need to express himself and the fear of being punished for having done so. The changes in narrative strategy, along with the psychological plausibility of the narrative and Malerba's analysis of Italy's ‘grey zone’, populated by those who did not actively participate in the civil war following the fall of Fascism, make Il serpente worthy of our close attention.
The importance of threshold concepts and formative assessment in lower-secondary school group composing
Authors: Booth Nikki , Kinsella Victoria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeyer and Land’s work (among subsequent others) on threshold concepts (TCs) has been influential in numerous subjects, particularly in higher education. However, despite its growing international interest, its application into the domain of music in schools is a highly under-researched area. This article draws on the notion of TCs focusing on the context of lower-secondary school (Key Stage 3: ages 11–14) group composing. Using video-recorded and interview data from three case-study schools in the English Midlands, examples of TCs are presented and how formative assessment was, or could have been, a key process in them being crossed is discussed.
The Political Development of Schools as Cause and Solution to Delinquency
Authors: MOAK DANIEL S. , CATE SARAH D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article offers a comprehensive history of the development of the federal role in education and juvenile justice policy from the 1950s to the 1970s. We argue that the issues of juvenile delinquency and education became linked during this period and policies that were enacted reflected the belief that education was a solution to delinquency. In the mid-twentieth century, a broader variety of approaches to antidelinquency, such as public job creation for youth, began to fall out of favor and education became elevated as the primary policy area for addressing delinquency outside the criminal justice system. Policy makers frequently justified federal involvement in education by arguing that schools were central to antidelinquency efforts. Drawing educational institutions into the fight against delinquency made schools susceptible to the punitive turn in crime policy. Ultimately, these developments have introduced punitive policies into schools and pushed antidelinquency efforts away from broader structural reforms.
On dubious claims regarding the enigmatic Chilston
Authors: ALDEN JANE , CALLAGHAN LYNSEY 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe earliest known treatise on Boethian proportions in Middle English is attributed to ‘Chilston’ in London, British Library, Lansdowne 763. Nothing is known of Chilston's biography, although his treatise also survives anonymously in two related sources (New York, Morgan Library, B.12 and Dublin, Trinity College, 516). In 1927, Irish musicologist William Henry Grattan Flood suggested an identification between the author of the proportion treatise and the scribe of British Library, Royal 5 A VI, a priest's handbook dated to 1446. English lexicographer Jeffrey Pulver was quick to dismiss Flood's identification, which apparently discouraged any further assessment of it. This article reconsiders Flood's suggestion, taking into account 1920s political and cultural biases that might explain Pulver's swift rejection. A contextual exploration of the evidence supports the connection of the proportion treatise to Royal 5 A VI and sheds light on the milieu in which Chilston may have worked. Long recognised for his significance in the vernacular history of music theory and music pedagogy, the proposed contextual framework has significant implications for understanding the multiple functions of music theory in fifteenth-century England. Most notably, it documents the use of speculative music theory among readers and audiences with limited knowledge of Latin. A variety of uses for music theory reveal themselves within the emerging vernacular pedagogical practices of late medieval England. These reflect the broader production of technical texts in Middle English and the increased vernacularisation of English society at a pivotal moment of ecclesiastic and musical history.
The Role of WTO Committees through the Lens of Specific Trade Concerns Raised in the TBT Committee
Authors: Possada Kian Cássehgari , Ganne Emmanuelle , Piermartini Roberta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe existing literature shows that transparency and monitoring reduce trade costs, improve regulatory practices and build and sustain trust. In this paper, using 555 specific trade concerns (STCs) raised by the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) committee in the period 1995–2018, we develop a novel classification of STCs. We distinguish between STCs aiming to exchange information (transparency STCs) and those aiming to monitor compliance with the TBT agreement (monitoring STCs). We show that: (i) when STCs intend to foster transparency, they are mainly used in relation to notified measures, thus suggesting that they are used to acquire not only new but also higher quality information than that provided merely by notifications; (ii) when STCs intend to challenge the compliance of WTO members with the TBT Agreement, they primarily address draft measures, thus suggesting that they are used to promote accountability and improve good regulatory practices; and (iii) STCs raised at the draft stage are less likely to escalate to a dispute than those raised on adopted measures. Guided by these findings, we suggest the potential for some reforms to improve the efficiency of the system. These include: introducing a reporting system on the outcome of STCs; using STCs raised in committees to fill the gap of missing notifications; systematically using the STC mechanism at the stage of draft measures; and building in the dispute settlement system the requirement to raise the matter and discuss it within the relevant committee before filing a formal dispute settlement case.
Denominational Conflicts and Party Breakthrough: The Negative Case of the All-German People’s Party
Authors: Dilling Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNational party breakthrough has often been attributed to new or previously minor parties seizing favorable political opportunities. The role of their strategic choices in response to political opportunities, however, has been underexplored because less attention has been paid to relevant negative cases, that is instances when parties encounter favorable conditions without breaking through. This article argues for a historical perspective when selecting these cases and investigates an often overlooked case from Germany’s early postwar democracy: Gustav Heinemann’s All-German People’s Party (GVP). Relying on archival data and historical research, this article reconstructs the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants that provided Heinemann with initially favorable conditions for party breakthrough. Strategic decisions on coalition building, the timing of party formation, and organization building explain the GVP’s failure to seize the opportunity. These findings highlight the importance of case selection as a part of the “historical turn” in political science and of new parties’ agency when explaining (the lack of) party breakthrough. The implications of these findings for the literature on new parties, case selection, and party system development are discussed.
Behind the Mask
Authors: Eisenhardt Carolin , Zinburg Theresa , Geuer Annika , Nietzel Julian 
Published: April 2022

Was ist zu dem Thema bekannt? Emotionen werden sehr stark über die Mimik zum Ausdruck gebracht. Der Mund-Nasen-Schutz erschwert das Erkennen der Emotionen. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Auf der Basis aktueller Studien werden Erkenntnisse zum Einfluss der Maske auf die Kommunikation berichtet. Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Praxis? Solange ein Mund-Nasen-Schutz getragen werden muss, sollten Emotionen über andere Kanäle deutlicher kommuniziert werden.
Factors associated with disordered eating and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent elite athletes
Authors: Walter Nadja , Heinen Thomas , Elbe Anne-Marie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Introduction: Recent studies indicate high prevalences of disordered eating or eating disorders in adult athletes and a worrying increase in adolescent athletes. Although several risk factors for developing eating disorders have been identified for adult athletes (e.g., personality factors, sport-related pressure), research on risk factors in adolescent athletes is scarce. Methods: This study investigates the prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorder symptoms and its association with personality- and sport-related risk factors in a sample of 439 elite athletes aged 13–18 years. Self-regulatory personality factors, sports and social pressure, as well as sports biographical data, were investigated in relation to different weight control methods and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire measuring disordered eating and eating disorder symptoms. Results: Results indicate a prevalence rate of clinically significant eating pathology of 5.5% for the total sample, in which female athletes aged 15–18 years show the highest rate (9.6%). The structural equation model indicates a predominant association of sports and social pressure and personality factors with eating disorder symptoms. Conclusion: Being in the age range 15–18 years, being female, and being an athlete in a high-risk sport (e.g., aesthetics, weight class, or endurance sports) were identified as risk factors as well as athletes’ mental association with weight loss and success, and athletes’ perceived social pressure on eating and on body shape. Disordered eating and eating disorders are not only of concern for adults but also for young elite athletes and recommendations for adolescent elite athletes, coaches, and parents are given.
Assessment of 21st Century Changing Sea Surface Temperature, Rainfall, and Sea Surface Height Patterns in the Tropical Pacific Islands Using CMIP6 Greenhouse Warming Projections
Authors: Dhage Laxmikant , Widlansky Matthew J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTropical Pacific Islands face unknown rates of future warming due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, but almost certain changing climate stresses. Continued global warming is projected to cause further changes to the mean conditions and variability of sea surface temperature (SST), rainfall, and sea surface height (SSH). Previous climate model simulations showed that the equatorial Pacific is likely to have greater increased rainfall, compared to elsewhere in the tropics. There is less certainty about future rainfall changes away from the equator, including around many of the numerous tropical Pacific Islands. Here, we assess the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project‐phase 6 (CMIP6) as it relates to future changes of SST, rainfall, and SSH in the tropical Pacific. Focus is on the island regions of Hawaii, Guam, and American Samoa, as well as the Niño 3.4 region. We consider two development narratives of the 21st century by assessing the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 experiments, and describe climate changes in the tropical Pacific relative to the recent historical conditions that are likely for either 1.5°C or 3°C of global mean surface temperature (GMST) warming above preindustrial levels. Consistent with prior‐generation climate models, we find that future rainfall increases the most where SST warming is greatest, and also an overall increase of interannual variability associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affecting rainfall and SSH. We describe changes in SST, rainfall, and SSH for particular warming amounts, and make comparisons with time‐based climate assessments during the 21st century, which are relevant results toward better understanding uncertainty and supporting adaptation efforts in the tropical Pacific Islands.