bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El teatro itinerante y su público: El espectador como protagonista de una teatralidad renovada en la España republicana (1931-1936)
Authors: Guégo Rivalan Inès 
Published: March 2022

Drawing on a number of travelling theatre experiments in Republican Spain (1931-1936), the present article examines their contribution to the revival of Spanish drama by studying more specifically the response of active, expressive, empathetic audiences. Beyond the Latin rule of placere, movere et docere, the necessary conditions for dramatic instinct and emotion to appear were then challenged. Examining the interactions of the barracos’, the missionaries’ and the public’s views sheds light on the making of the modern actor and spectator in the late Silver Age.
Partiendo de algunas experiencias de teatros itinerantes en la España republicana (1931-1936) se procura evaluar sus aportaciones a la renovación teatral española, en particular, estudiando las reacciones de públicos expresivos, empáticos y activos. Más allá del principio latino placere, movere et docere, en la época se cuestionaron también las condiciones necesarias para que pudieran advenir el instinto teatral y la emoción. El estudio de la interacción entre las miradas cruzadas de los barracos, de los misioneros y del público permite revelar la construcción del actor y del espectador de teatro modernos al final de la Edad de Plata.
Just Gaming: On Being Differently Literate
Authors: Kendall Alex , McDougall Julian 
Published: March 2022

How do videogame players who are ‘by day’ engaged in formal media and literacy education understand the boundaries between playing, reading and writing in the sphere of ‘Media 2.0’ in relation to the kinds of reading practices they are obliged to be immersed in during formal learning? How might empirical witness to such cultural practices usefully inform current educational policy debates in the United Kingdom in relation to the current ‘Literacy’ and ‘Media Literacy’ agendas and their attendant discourses? This paper presents emergent findings from a qualitative research study undertaken with a small group of 16-17 college students who are regular players of Grand Theft Auto IV. It attempts to explore the multiplicity of their ways of telling (about being, in the game) in relation to poststructuralist theories of difference and in particular Lyotard’s (1985) notion of ‘gaming’ – whereby the rules of literacy are always-already local, fluid, changing and contested. Drawing on approaches from critical discourse analysis the thoughts and reflections of the students in relation to what they think it means to read, and be a reader and to play and be a player are explored. By giving voice to game players who are often spoken for, this paper offers findings that will be informative for colleagues with an interest in Media Literacy as social practice, as opposed to a set of competences. Thus we suggest that the use of poststructuralist critical theory (informed by Lyotard’s ‘Just Gaming’ intervention) for such discussion is neither abstract nor ‘only’ theoretical but, because the videogame as a media form resists ‘orthodox’ representational concepts, that such a theoretical context is an obligation, and of direct ‘practical’ value in the development of policy and practice around Media Literacy.
Indoor Fireworks: The Pleasures of Digital Game Pyrotechnics
Authors: Niedenthal Simon 
Published: March 2022

Fireworks in games translate the sensory power of a real-world aesthetic form to the realm of digital simulation and gameplay. Understanding the role of fireworks in games can best be pursued through through a threefold aesthetic perspective that focuses on the senses, on art, and on the aesthetic experience that gives pleasure through the player’s participation in the simulation, gameplay and narrative potentials of fireworks. In games ranging from Wii Sports and Fantavision, to Okami and Assassin’s Creed II, digital fireworks are employed as a light effect, and are also the site for gameplay pleasures that include design and performance, timing and rhythm, and power and awe. Fireworks also gain narrative significance in game forms through association with specific sequences and characters. Ultimately, understanding the role of fireworks in games provokes us to reverse the scrutiny, and to consider games as fireworks, through which we experience ludic festivity and voluptuous panic.
First-Person Shooters: Immersion and Attention
Authors: Grimshaw Mark , Charlton John , Jagger Richard 
Published: March 2022

First-Person Shooter computer games are designed to be immersive experiences yet the phenomenon of immersion is little understood. This article surveys theories of immersion in virtual worlds and examines FPS game elements that might contribute to the state. The roles of attention and positive feedback in facilitating player immersion in FPS games is explored. In particular, the role of selective attention is highlighted before the article finishes with a discussion on the design of immersion in FPS games using the principles presented here.
Making Sense of Play in Video Games: Ludus, Paidia, and Possibility Spaces
Authors: Jensen Graham H. 
Published: March 2022

This article synthesizes the work of video game theorists such as Gonzalo Frasca (2003), Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman (2003), Ian Bogost (2008), and Steven E. Jones (2008) in order to build on academic and interdisciplinary discussions of play and its effect on PC- or console-based video games. Examples are used to elucidate the potentially problematic categories of “paidic” and “ludic” games, as well as to explore further the ways in which uninhibited play, “metagaming,” and the inevitable influence of socio-cultural factors gradually transform—and become codified within—the landscape of digital games. Finally, the article offers Mikhail Bakhtin’s notions of opposing “centripetal” and “centrifugal” forces as analytical tools according to which the connections between in-game activities and out-of-game social and cultural contexts can be usefully examined by future critics.
Prolonging the Magic: The political economy of the 7th generation console game
Authors: Nieborg David B. 
Published: March 2022

This paper draws on critical political economic theory to discuss the implications of the dominant mode of production and circulation of “Triple-A” or blockbuster console games. It is argued that the seventh generation Triple-A game is a highly standardized cultural commodity giving way to two distinctive "formatting strategies", which taken together, draw attention to the console game’s hybrid nature; being a physical, disc-based artefact that is digitally extended via DLC (downloadable content). This hybridity invites questions as to the commodity form's techno-economic particularities vis-à-vis publishing strategies of non-software based cultural commodities, such as movies and TV series. The popular Call of Duty series of first person shooters serves as case study to demonstrate how game publisher Activision Blizzard not only formalized and institutionalized the annualization of the serialization strategy, the publisher also upped the ante in terms of post-launch content, theorized as "branched serialization". The Call of Duty series demonstrates that the rules of play for Triple-A games are as much governed by a game's internal ludic properties as they are structured and alternated by a distinctive and very explicit market logic. In this sense, the Triple-A game never seems truly finished; it is marketed by game publishers and positioned by critics as an unfinished commodity.
Trend Analysis of Vehicular Traffic Contribution to Air Pollution in Urban Cities: A Case Study of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ucheje Okoroafor , Ogbuene Emeka Bright , Ofoezie Ifeanyi Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

The study investigated contributions of vehicular emissions to air pollution in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria for two years (24months), 2017-2018. The daytime pattern, monthly pattern, major traffic congested areas and factors that aid dispersion of air pollutants were considered. Using a closed-circuit television, traffic records were obtained at the chosen places by counting the number of vehicles passing at a spot for two hours in the morning, afternoon, and evening (Plate 5.1). For two years, all parameters were monitored once a month (Monday to Friday) in each location (2017-2018). Where appropriate, descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions were used to assess the data. The findings demonstrated that the mean concentrations of all pollutants followed a similar pattern in terms of temporal variation and were significantly (P < 0.05) different during the day. Similarly, within the daytime, the mean traffic volume fluctuated greatly and considerably (P < 0.05) between the two research years. Furthermore, all of the pollutants showed a similar pattern in terms of temporal change, with the lowest concentrations in 2017 and the highest in 2018. Statistical analysis revealed that, the concentration of all the air pollutants and traffic volume varied significantly (p < 0.05) between 2017 and 2018.
Impact of Online AHA Heartsaver First Aid CPR AED Course Amongst Non-medical Post Graduate Students
Authors: Rishipathak Parag , Bhandari Monesh , Hinduja Anand 
Published: March 2022

Aim: To understand the impact of online AHA Heartsaver First Aid CPR AED course training amongst non-medical students in Pune, India
Introduction: Global statistics reveal, the mortality rate due to road traffic accidents is as high as 1.2 million per year. Numerous studies have shown that the society at large is in urgent need of more skilled in the form of first aid responder. This goal can be fulfilled and achieved by enhancing the number of first responders within our society.
With the advent of Covid-19 pandemic, opportunities for face-to-face training have significantly deprived critical knowledge sharing to the general population. The pandemic is long drawn and has forced us to devise novel methods of knowledge delivery to ensure that crucial aspects of First Aid and Emergency Care are taught to the general population.
The present study aims to understand the impact of online AHA Heartsaver First Aid CPR AED course training amongst non-medical students in Pune, India.
Objective: To study the impact of online AHA – Heartsaver First Aid CPR AED course among non-medical students in Pune, India.
Methodology: The knowledge retention study was conducted amongst 250 Post Graduate Management students based in Pune. In order to assess the true impact of the AHA - Heartsaver First Aid CPR AED online training, only those students who had not undergone any previous, formal training in First Aid and CPR concepts were chosen for the study. The baseline knowledge of the respondents was assessed with a pre-designed 30 item and pre-validated 30 item Multiple Choice Questionnaire provided by the American Heart Association.
Conclusion: E-learning is the way forward and it allows training of a large group of individuals in a singular event. This can help propagate first aid training to the masses. The study findings are encouraging in terms of improvement in the knowledge scores immediately after a single online training session. Although the knowledge tends to diminish after a period of eight weeks.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Affords Sustainable Plastics with Ultrahigh Robustness and Water‐Assisted Arbitrarily Shape Engineering
Authors: Gong Kai , Hou Lei , Wu Peiyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, the supramolecular plastic‐like hydrogel (SPH) is introduced as a platform to fabricate sustainable plastics with ultrahigh stiffness and strength as well as water‐assisted arbitrarily shapeable capability. The transparent plastics are constructed from SPHs of cellulose ether/polycarboxylic acid complexes and demonstrate mechanical robustness with Young's modulus up to 3.4 GPa and tensile strength up to 124.0 MPa, superior or comparable to most common plastics. Meanwhile, the shape of the plastics can be reversibly engineered by air drying of the SPHs with diverse 2D/3D shapes and structures, which are generated conveniently via origami, kirigami, embossing, etc., in virtue of plastic deformation and shape memory effect of SPHs. On the basis of multi‐dimensional infrared‐spectral analysis, it is revealed that the dense acid–acid and acid–ether hydrogen (H)‐bonding network in the plastic is responsible for the mechanical robustness while the evolution of water–polymer H‐bonds into polymer–polymer H‐bonds during air drying contributes to the shape fixing. This work provides a novel method of manufacturing sustainable plastics with simultaneous strong mechanical performance and convenient processibility from hydrogels with plastic‐like mechanical behavior.
Mobile Phone Flashlight‐Excited Red Afterglow Bioimaging
Authors: Fan Yuanyuan , Liu Siwei , Wu Min , Xiao Leyi , Fan Yunhao , Han Mengmeng , Chang Kai , Zhang Yufeng , Zhen Xu , Li Qianqian , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with ultralong lifetime possess the remarkable advantage in bioimaging for elimination of background noise by characteristic time scale. However, most of RTP luminogens need to be excited by the harmful ultraviolet (UV) lamp, and exhibit green or yellow emission with shallow tissue penetration, constraining the in vivo bioimaging for further application in clinical diagnosis and pathological study. In this text, the much safer excitation process by sunlight and mobile phone flashlight is realized by organic luminogens with various electronic pull–push systems. Moreover, the bright red RTP emission with lifetime up to 344 ms is achieved by optimizing molecular geometry and electronic property. Especially, the mobile phone flashlight‐excited red afterglow imaging of lymph nodes in living mice has been realized for the first time, affording a safe and conventional approach to achieve the afterglow imaging of living mice with deep issue penetration and high signal‐to‐noise ratios.
Polarity‐Switchable and Self‐Driven Photo‐Response Based on Vertically Stacked Type‐III GeSe/SnS2 Heterojunction
Authors: Wu Liangwei , Gao Wei , Sun Yiming , Yang MengMeng , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Fan Weijun , Shu Kaixiang , Dan Zhiying , Zhang Nan , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructure‐based multifunctional field effect transistor (FET) has brought about novel physical phenomena. Impressively, anti‐ambipolar characteristic is one of the basis logic functions being used in multi‐valued inverters, which is analogous to negative differential resistance (NDR)‐based transistor. Here, the tunable current‐transport and self‐driven optoelectrical properties of vertically stacked multilayer GeSe/SnS2 heterostructure are reported. In particular, it allows to be switched from n‐type‐dominant behavior to anti‐ambipolar operation regime (a large peak‐to‐valley ratio (PVR) of 1.5 × 103) as a result of different band‐bending under various bias. Under light‐doping engineering, the inverted V‐shaped peak is distinctly shifted because of the higher carrier recombination probability of p‐GeSe component. Besides, for photovoltaic performances, the device exhibits an ultralow dark current of ≈30 fA, a maximum responsivity of 130 mA W−1, and high Ion/Ioff ratio of ≈105 under 532 nm because of the large band offset and the efficient carrier separation process. Meanwhile, the polarization sensitivities can reach 1.9 at 405 nm and 2.6 at 635 nm. It is found that the polarity‐switchable behavior and self‐driven photodetection performance in GeSe/SnS2 vdWs FET can hopefully broaden and simplify the multifunctional integrated devices in the future.
Liquid‐Metal‐Enabled Flexible Metasurface with Self‐Healing Characteristics
Authors: Mitra Arkadeep , Xu Kevin , Babu Sachin , Choi Jun H. , Lee Jeong‐Bong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA flexible self‐healing metasurface using gallium‐based liquid metal encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) operating in the X‐band (8–12 GHz) is reported. A band‐stop metasurface with center frequency at 9.82 GHz is designed using floating patches surrounding the respective end cap of a Jerusalem cross. A large‐scale (up to 10 × 10 array) metasurface is patterned in PDMS and a rapid manufacturing method of vacuum filling using ultra‐low pressure is used to yield parallel encapsulation of liquid metal in PDMS. The fabricated metasurface is physically flexible and its flexibility is repeatedly tested for bendability, stretchability (up to ≈89.13%), twistability, and foldability. Transmission characteristics of the flexible metasurface are measured in waveguide and free‐space environments and it is found that the band‐stop center frequency agrees well with the design. The flexible metasurface also is tested for its repairability and self‐healing characteristics. The metasurface is partially or fully cut at certain part and the partial/full cut part of the metasurface is repaired by applying external pressure or using Kapton tape/UV glue. Those repaired metasurfaces show restoration of original transmission characteristics with minimal shift in frequency and magnitude.
Recent Developments in Drug Delivery for Treatment of Tuberculosis by Targeting Macrophages
Authors: Gairola Anirudh , Benjamin Aaron , Weatherston Joshua D. , Cirillo Jeffrey D. , Wu Hung‐Jen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is among the greatest public health and safety concerns in the 21st century Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, infects alveolar macrophages and uses these cells as one of its primary sites of replication. The current TB treatment regimen, which consists of chemotherapy involving a combination of 3–4 antimicrobials for a duration of 6–12 months, is marked with significant side effects, toxicity, and poor compliance. Targeted drug delivery offers a strategy that can overcome many of the problems of current TB treatment by specifically targeting infected macrophages. Recent advances in nanotechnology and material science have opened an avenue to explore drug carriers that actively and passively target macrophages. This approach can increase the drug penetration into macrophages by using ligands on the nanocarrier that interact with specific receptors for macrophages. This review encompasses the recent development of drug carriers specifically targeting macrophages actively and passively. Future directions and challenges associated with development of effective TB treatment are also discussed.
Effect of winter canola cultivar on seed yield, oil, and protein content
Authors: McGeary Kyle D , de Koff Jason , Pokharel Bharat , Link Richard , Saini Priya , Gill Taqdeer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWinter canola (Brassica napus L.) production has increased in the United States over the past several decades; however, there is little research in the southeastern United States on its agronomic production and growth characteristics under different nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of N rates on winter mortality, yield, oil and protein content, and seedpod shatter resistance across cultivars. Canola was grown in a randomized split complete block design with four replicates under five different N rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha−1) with four different cultivars (Hekip, Inspiration, and Edimax CL or Phoenix CL). Seed yield was very low for the 2017–2018 season, likely due to extreme cold conditions in winter and/or frost at flowering. There was high winter mortality during this period, but Edimax CL had significantly lower mortality (79.7%) than Inspiration (85.7%) and Hekip (83.9%). In the following year, more mild temperatures led to low mortality and greater yields, where rates of 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha−1 had the greatest yields (1,612–1,857 kg ha−1) with no significant differences according to cultivar. In 2018, shatter resistance was greatest for the rates of 112, 168, and 224 kg N ha−1 and was positively related to N rate. Across both years, Inspiration had greater shatter resistance. In 2019, the lowest N rate (0 kg N ha−1) and Phoenix CL had significantly greater oil contents (48.4 and 47.3%, respectively), whereas the highest N rate (224 kg N ha−1) with no particular cultivar had a significantly greater protein content (21.0%).
Red‐emitting tetraphenylethylene derivative with aggregation‐induced enhanced emission for luminescent solar concentrators: A combined experimental and density functional theory study
Authors: Micheletti Cosimo , Wang Qinfan , Ventura Francesco , Turelli Michele , Ciofini Ilaria , Adamo Carlo , Pucci Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines the use of an aggregation‐induced enhanced emission fluorophore (TPE‐MRh) to prepare red‐emitting luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCMA). TPE‐MRh is a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative bearing two dimethylamino push groups and a 3‐methyl‐rhodanine pull moiety, with absorption maxima at around 500 nm and fluorescence peak at 700 nm that strongly increases in solid‐state. TPE‐MRh displays a typical crystallization‐induced enhanced emission that has been rationalized by modeling the compound behavior in solution and solid‐state via density functional theory calculations with the inclusion of the environment. TPE‐MRh dispersed into 5 × 5 cm2 polymer films with a thickness of 25 ± 5 μm has revealed a partial fluorescence quenching with fluorophore content. Quantum yields (QYs) below 10% for the 2 wt.% of doping have been addressed to the formation of less emissive micro‐sized clusters of fluorophores. PMMA slabs with the same surface size but 3 mm of thickness and 200 ppm of TPE‐MRh have provided QY of 36.5% thanks to the attenuation of the detrimental effects of fluorophore aggregation. This feature is reflected in the LSCs performance, with devices achieving the largest power collected by the photovoltaic cell.
Bubble‐pen lithography: Fundamentals and applications
Authors: Kollipara Pavana Siddhartha , Mahendra Ritvik , Li Jingang , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping on‐chip functional devices requires reliable fabrication methods with high resolution for miniaturization, desired components for enhanced performance, and high throughput for fast prototyping and mass production. Recently, laser‐based bubble‐pen lithography (BPL) has been developed to enable sub‐micron linewidths, in situ synthesis of custom materials, and on‐demand patterning for various functional components and devices. BPL exploits Marangoni convection induced by a laser‐controlled microbubble to attract, accumulate, and immobilize particles, ions, and molecules onto different substrates. Recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in theory, engineering, and application of BPL, which motivated us to write this review. First, an overview of experimental demonstrations and theoretical understandings of BPL is presented. Next, we discuss the advantages of BPL and its diverse applications in quantum dot displays, biological and chemical sensing, clinical diagnosis, nanoalloy synthesis, and microrobotics. We conclude this review with our perspective on the challenges and future directions of BPL.