bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of cognitive and social leisure activities in dementia risk: assessing longitudinal associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors
Authors: Duffner L. A. , Deckers K. , Cadar D. , Steptoe A. , de Vugt M. , Köhler S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
With the projected surge in global dementia cases and no curative treatment available, research is increasingly focusing on lifestyle factors as preventive measures. Social and cognitive leisure activities are promising targets, but it is unclear which types of activities are more beneficial. This study investigated the individual and joint contribution of cognitive and social leisure activities to dementia risk and whether they modify the risks associated with other potentially modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Methods
We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) from 7917 participants, followed up from 2008/2009 (Wave 4) until 2018/2019 (Wave 9) for incident dementia. Self-reported baseline cognitive activities (e.g. ‘reading the newspaper’), the number of social memberships (e.g. being a member of a social club) and social participation (e.g. ‘going to the cinema’) were clustered into high and low based on a median split. Subsequently, their individual and joint contribution to dementia risk, as well as their interaction with other dementia risk factors, were assessed with Cox regression models, adjusting for age, sex, level of education, wealth and a composite score of 11 lifestyle-related dementia risk factors.

Results
After a median follow-up period of 9.8 years, the dementia incidence rate was 54.5 cases per 10.000 person-years (95% CI 49.0–60.8). Adjusting for demographic and other lifestyle-related risk factors, higher engagement in cognitive activities (HR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.40–0.84), a greater number of social memberships (HR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.51–0.84) and more social participation (HR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.54–0.95) were associated with lower dementia risk. In a joint model, only engagement in cognitive activities (HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.40–0.91) and social memberships (HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.56–0.99) independently explained dementia risk. We did not find any interaction with other modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Conclusions
Engagement in cognitive and social leisure activities may be beneficial for overall dementia risk, independent of each other and other risk factors. Both types of activities may be potential targets for dementia prevention measures and health advice initiatives.
Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal Forecast Skill in the California Current System and Its Connection to Coastal Kelvin Waves
Authors: Amaya Dillon J. , Jacox Michael G. , Dias Juliana , Alexander Michael A. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Scott James D. , Gehne Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate dynamical forecasts of ocean variables in the California Current System (CCS) are essential decision support tools for advancing ecosystem‐based marine resource management. However, model and dynamical uncertainties present a significant challenge when attempting to incorporate these forecasts into a formal decision‐making process. To provide guidance on the reliability of dynamical forecasts, previous studies have suggested that deterministic climate processes associated with atmospheric or oceanic teleconnections may provide opportunities for enhanced forecast skill. Recent computational advances have led to the availability of subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) forecasts of key oceanic variables such as sea surface height (SSH), which may be leveraged to identify such “forecast opportunities.” In this study, we conduct a S2S forecast skill assessment of SSH anomalies in the CCS using an ensemble of 46‐day reforecasts made by the European Center for Medium‐range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) model for the period 2000–2018. We find that the ECMWF model consistently produces skillful dynamical forecasts of SSH, particularly in both the southern and northern CCS at leads of 4–7 weeks. Using a high‐resolution ocean reanalysis, we develop a new index designed to characterize the location and intensity of coastally trapped waves propagating through the CCS. We then show that the S2S dynamical forecasts have enhanced skill in forecasts of SSH in weeks 4–7 when initialized with strong or extreme coastally trapped wave conditions, explaining 30–40% more SSH variance than the corresponding persistence forecast.
Evaluating and Improving Scale‐Awareness of a Convective Parameterization Closure Using Cloud‐Resolving Model Simulations of Convection
Authors: Wang Xu , Zhang Guang J. , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate a revised closure of the Zhang‐McFarlane (ZM) scheme for deep convection and to further improve its scale awareness. Output from two cloud‐resolving model (CRM) simulations of both midlatitude organized (MC3E) and tropical unorganized (TWP‐ICE) convection are used for the evaluation. By averaging the CRM output over different subdomain sizes from 64 to 4 km, convection‐associated fields are obtained to represent the fields at different horizontal resolutions of global climate models (GCMs). The convection parameterization closure is then tested using these fields. Results show that the cloud base mass flux Mb determined from the closure has a relatively good relationship with CRM‐simulated convection at coarse resolutions for both MC3E and TWP‐ICE, but their correlation degrades at higher resolutions, especially when approaching the gray zone scale under 10 km. The fluctuation of CAPE consumption rate per unit cloud base mass flux for different convective events is found to be an important factor affecting the correlation. When averaged over the base domain, the cloud base mass flux determined by the closure is found to increase with decreasing subdomain size, implying that the closure is not scale‐aware. To improve its scale‐awareness, a modified closure is designed to alleviate the overprediction of convection at high GCM resolutions. Results show that the modified closure has the scale‐aware ability to suppress the overprediction problem at high GCM resolutions for both MC3E and TWP‐ICE.
Maximizing Multi‐Decadal Water Surface Elevation Estimates With Landsat Imagery and Elevation/Bathymetry Datasets
Authors: Weekley David , Li Xingong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentifying patterns and trends in long‐term lake dynamics is essential to establish effective water management procedures and boost our understanding of inland water's role in the global water cycle. This research leverages Google Earth Engine to estimate multi‐decadal water surface elevations for 52 lakes and reservoirs with varying physical properties. Water surface elevation was estimated using the entire Landsat 4, 5, 7, and 8 Landsat Top‐of‐Atmosphere Tier‐1 Collection‐1 archive from August 1982 through December 2017 via shoreline boundary statistics extracted from the National Elevation Dataset merged with lake bathymetry. Image contamination was identified and removed to provide elevation estimates for images with varying levels of image contamination. To improve accuracy, data filtering techniques were identified which retained over 70% of images with detectable water boundaries producing 26 lakes with sub‐meter root‐mean‐square‐error accuracy and 40 lakes with sub‐meter mean‐absolute‐error‐accuracy using a general overall parameter model. Additionally, lake‐specific locally optimized models were also determined with 45 of the 52 lakes producing sub‐meter root‐mean‐square‐error accuracies and 49 with sub‐meter mean‐absolute‐errors with individual lake accuracy as low as 0.191 m RMSE CI95%[0.129, 0.243]. In general, individual lake accuracy is highly correlated with the mean slope of the surrounding terrain with low‐slope shorelines having greater accuracy than high‐slope shorelines. Seasonal patterns in estimate accuracy were also identified. This research extends our ability to track lake dynamics over long time periods to lakes lacking traditional in‐situ monitoring, enables rapid assessment of lake dynamics across large areas, and balances a need for both high‐accuracy measurements and maximum temporal resolution.
Seasonal Differences in the Attenuation of Polar Trace Organics in the Hyporheic Zone of an Urban Stream
Authors: Mueller Birgit M. , Schulz Hanna , Höhne Anja , Putschew Anke , Lewandowski Joerg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAttenuation of trace organic compounds (TrOCs) in a river occurs to a large extent in its hyporheic zone. A major part of the attenuation of polar TrOCs is of microbial origin. As microbial activity depends on temperature and redox conditions, seasonal differences in TrOC attenuation are likely. We investigated TrOC attenuation at a river influenced by treated wastewater during two sampling campaigns, one in summer and one in winter. In addition to redox conditions and temperature, we also determined residence times of porewater in sediment using three methods: (a) non‐parametric deconvolution of electrical conductivity time series, (b) the model VFLUX 2.0 based on temperature time series (only summer), and (c) applying Darcy's law to differences in hydraulic heads (only summer). Contrary to our expectations, we found higher attenuation for 12 out of 18 TrOCs in winter, while three TrOCs were better attenuated in summer. Sediment conditions varied between seasons as more of the top sandy layer with a higher hydraulic permeability accumulated on the river bed in summer. As a result, residence times in the sediment were shorter in summer. In winter, longer residence times, lower temperatures, and a steeper oxygen gradient in sediment coincided with higher TrOC attenuation. Further research is needed to understand our unexpected findings and underlying mechanisms.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte stratification of prognostic staging of early-stage triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Loi Sherene , Salgado Roberto , Adams Sylvia , Pruneri Giancarlo , Francis Prudence A. , Lacroix-Triki Magali , Joensuu Heikki , Dieci Maria Vittoria , Badve Sunil , Demaria Sandra , Gray Robert , Munzone Elisabetta , Drubay Damien , Lemonnier Jerome , Sotiriou Christos , Kellokumpu-Lehtinen Pirkko Liisa , Vingiani Andrea , Gray Kathryn , André Fabrice , Denkert Carsten , Piccart Martine , Roblin Elvire , Michiels Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe importance of integrating biomarkers into the TNM staging has been emphasized in the 8th Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging system. In a pooled analysis of 2148 TNBC-patients in the adjuvant setting, TILs are found to strongly up and downstage traditional pathological-staging in the Pathological and Clinical Prognostic Stage Groups from the AJJC 8th edition Cancer Staging System. This suggest that clinical and research studies on TNBC should take TILs into account in addition to stage, as for example patients with stage II TNBC and high TILs have a better outcome than patients with stage I and low TILs.
Fractional and composite excitations of antiferromagnetic quantum spin trimer chains
Authors: Cheng Jun-Qing , Li Jun , Xiong Zijian , Wu Han-Qing , Sandvik Anders W. , Yao Dao-Xin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing quantum Monte Carlo, exact diagonalization, and perturbation theory, we study the spectrum of the S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg trimer chain by varying the ratio g = J2/J1 of the intertrimer and intratrimer coupling strengths. The doublet ground states of trimers form effective interacting S = 1/2 degrees of freedom described by a Heisenberg chain. Therefore, the conventional two-spinon continuum of width ∝ J1 when g = 1 evolves into to a similar continuum of width ∝ J2 when g → 0. The intermediate-energy and high-energy modes are termed doublons and quartons which fractionalize with increasing g to form the conventional spinon continuum. In particular, at g ≈ 0.716, the gap between the low-energy spinon branch and the high-energy band with mixed doublons, quartons, and spinons closes. These features should be observable in inelastic neutron scattering experiments if a quasi-one-dimensional quantum magnet with the linear trimer structure and J2 < J1 can be identified. Our results may open a window for exploring the high-energy fractional excitations.
Three-dimensional locations of ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysms and their associations with the visual prognosis
Authors: Sakaguchi Saori , Muraoka Yuki , Kadomoto Shin , Ooto Sotaro , Murakami Tomoaki , Nishigori Naomi , Ishikura Masaharu , Miyake Masahiro , Miyata Manabu , Uji Akihito , Tsujikawa Akitaka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this retrospective, observational study was to examine the intraretinal locations of ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysms (RMAs) and investigate the associations with the visual prognosis. Fifty patients (50 eyes) with untreated RMA rupture who visited the Department of Ophthalmology at Kyoto University Hospital (April 2014–July 2019) were included. The intraretinal position of the ruptured RMAs relative to the affected retinal artery was examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and color fundus photography (CFP). The relative RMA positions were anterior to (anterior type, 44%), at the same level as (lateral type, 20%), or posterior to (posterior type, 34%) the affected artery. At the initial visit, the posterior type showed greater subretinal hemorrhage thickness than did the lateral and anterior types (P = 0.016 and 0.006, respectively), and poorer visual acuity (VA) than did the anterior type (P = 0.005). At the final visit, the length of the foveal ellipsoid zone band defect was longer (P = 0.005) and VA was poorer (P < 0.001) for the posterior type than for the anterior type. The intraretinal positions of ruptured RMAs vary, affect the thickness of foveal subretinal hemorrhage and predict future damage to the foveal photoreceptors. The visual prognosis may be poor for posteriorly ruptured RMAs.
Computational peptidology approach to the study of the chemical reactivity and bioactivity properties of Aspergillipeptide D, a cyclopentapeptide of marine origin
Authors: Flores-Holguín Norma , Frau Juan , Glossman-Mitnik Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAspergillipeptide D is a cyclic pentapeptide isolated from the marine gorgonian Melitodes squamata-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO 41501 that it has been shown to present moderate activity against herpes virus simplex type 1 (HSV-1). Thus, this paper presents the results of a computational study of this cyclopentapeptide’s chemical reactivity and bioactivity properties using a CDFT-based computational peptidology (CDFT-CP) methodology, which is derived from combining chemical reactivity descriptors derived from Conceptual Density Functional Theory (CDFT) and some Cheminformatics tools which may be used. This results in an improvement of the virtual screening procedure by a similarity search allowing the identification and validation of the known ability of the peptide to act as a possible useful drug. This was followed by an examination of the drug’s bioactivity and pharmacokinetics indices in relation to the ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) characteristics. The findings provide further evidence of the MN12SX density functional’s superiority in proving the Janak and Ionization Energy theorems using the proposed KID approach. This has proven to be beneficial in accurately predicting CDFT reactivity characteristics, which aid in the understanding of chemical reactivity. The Computational Pharmacokinetics study revealed the potential ability of Aspergillipeptide D as a therapeutic drug through the interaction with different target receptors. The ADMET indices confirm this assertion through the absence of toxicity and good absorption and distribution properties.
Pesticide toxicity assessment and geographic information system (GIS) application in small-scale rice farming operations, Thailand
Authors: Sombatsawat Ekarat , Barr Dana Boyd , Panuwet Parinya , Robson Mark Gregory , Siriwong Wattasit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of pesticide exposure on farmer health during non-active rice farming and active rice farming periods and present the change in the individual cholinesterase activities (%reduction) on the geographic information system (GIS) mapping in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) activities were monitored during both study periods using Test-mate ChE (Model 400). The location of paddy fields was specified using Garmin geographic positioning system MAP 62s. Fifty-eight farmers who participated in this study had an average age of 49.2 ± 6.9 years. Higher prevalence of all health symptoms was observed among farmer participants during the active rice farming period comparing to the non-active rice farming period (p < 0.01). Furthermore, farmers had significantly lower activities of AChE and BuChE during the active rice farming period comparing to the non-active rice farming period (p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that the GIS mapping indicate that the cases with a significant enzyme inhibition have dispersed across the agricultural and the nearby residential areas. This, investigation can be used to promote safer use of pesticides among farmers and mitigate pesticide exposure among residents living in close proximity to a rice field.
The role of Function Words to build syntactic knowledge in French-speaking children
Authors: Le Normand Marie-Thérèse , Thai-Van Hung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe question of how children learn Function Words (FWs) is still a matter of debate among child language researchers. Are early multiword utterances based on lexically specific patterns or rather abstract grammatical relations? In this corpus study, we analyzed FWs having a highly predictable distribution in relation to Mean Length Utterance (MLU) an index of syntactic complexity in a large naturalistic sample of 315 monolingual French children aged 2 to 4 year-old. The data was annotated with a Part Of Speech Tagger (POS-T), belonging to computational tools from CHILDES. While eighteen FWs strongly correlated with MLU expressed either in word or in morpheme, stepwise regression analyses showed that subject pronouns predicted MLU. Factor analysis yielded a bifactor hierarchical model: The first factor loaded sixteen FWs among which eight had a strong developmental weight (third person singular verbs, subject pronouns, articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, modals, demonstrative pronouns and plural markers), whereas the second factor loaded complex FWs (possessive verbs and object pronouns). These findings challenge the lexicalist account and support the view that children learn grammatical forms as a complex system based on early instead of late structure building. Children may acquire FWs as combining words and build syntactic knowledge as a complex abstract system which is not innate but learned from multiple word input sentences context. Notably, FWs were found to predict syntactic development and sentence complexity. These results open up new perspectives for clinical assessment and intervention.
Self-perceived quality of sleep among COPD patients in Greece: the SLEPICO study
Authors: Koulouris Nikolaos , Dimakou Katerina , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos , Tzanakis Nikolaos , Rapti Aggeliki , Gaga Mina , Georgatou Niki , Steiropoulos Paschalis , Karachristos Christos , Gogali Athena , Kalafatakis Konstantinos , Kostikas Konstantinos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide accompanied by a substantial social and economic burden for the patient and the society. Poor sleep quality among COPD patients is frequently unnoticed and unaddressed by physicians and patients themselves, although it is a major source of further deterioration of these patients’ quality of life. The aim of the present study was to record the quality of sleep in COPD patients among the Greek population and correlate these findings with various features of these patients, using the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale (CASIS). This was a cross-sectional observational study. Forty different variables (demographics, vital sign measurements, COPD-related medical history parameters, comorbidities, CASIS questionnaire results, COPD assessment test, COPD severity based on spirometry measurements, COPD stage based on the ABCD assessment approach, inhaled COPD treatment report) were collected from 3454 nation-wide COPD patients (Greece). The study sample consisted of COPD patients, mainly male (73%) with a median age of 69 years and a median BMI of 27.2. More than half of COPD patients (60.6%) suffered from moderate disease severity and 23.8% from severe disease, while less than half (42.1%) suffered from at least one exacerbation of the disease over the last year prior study enrollment. About 14% reported frequent to very frequent issues affecting their sleep quality, between a fourth and a third of them reported occasional night sleep disturbances, and at least half of them reported no or very infrequent problems in their night sleep. Our study indicates that the COPD assessment test (CAT) and the spirometry-based disease severity can predict the poorness in the quality of sleep (F2,3451 = 1397.5, p < 0.001, adj. R2 = 0.45) as assessed by CASIS score, and that the latter also correlates with age (ρ = 0.122, p < 0.001) and disease duration (ρ = 0.104, p < 0.001). On the contrary, there appears to be no correlation between sleep quality and number of exacerbations. Finally, untreated patients with COPD suffer from poorer quality of sleep compared to treated subjects, independently of the use of inhaled corticosteroids (F2,3451 = 21.65, p < 0.001). The results of the SLEPICO study show that increased age, prolonged disease duration, and especially CAT score ≥ 10, and severe COPD stage, might act as important indicators for deterioration in the quality of sleep, with potential consequences in the daily routine of those patients, thus urging potentially for further pharmacological interventions or modifications.
Maternal high-fat diet in mice induces cerebrovascular, microglial and long-term behavioural alterations in offspring
Authors: Bordeleau Maude , Comin Cesar H. , Fernández de Cossío Lourdes , Lacabanne Chloé , Freitas-Andrade Moises , González Ibáñez Fernando , Raman-Nair Joanna , Wakem Michael , Chakravarty Mallar , Costa Luciano da F. , Lacoste Baptiste , Tremblay Marie-Ève 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarious environmental exposures during pregnancy, like maternal diet, can compromise, at critical periods of development, the neurovascular maturation of the offspring. Foetal exposure to maternal high-fat diet (mHFD), common to Western societies, has been shown to disturb neurovascular development in neonates and long-term permeability of the neurovasculature. Nevertheless, the effects of mHFD on the offspring’s cerebrovascular health remains largely elusive. Here, we sought to address this knowledge gap by using a translational mouse model of mHFD exposure. Three-dimensional and ultrastructure analysis of the neurovascular unit (vasculature and parenchymal cells) in mHFD-exposed offspring revealed major alterations of the neurovascular organization and metabolism. These alterations were accompanied by changes in the expression of genes involved in metabolism and immunity, indicating that neurovascular changes may result from abnormal brain metabolism and immune regulation. In addition, mHFD-exposed offspring showed persisting behavioural alterations reminiscent of neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically an increase in stereotyped and repetitive behaviours into adulthood.