bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality mediates the association between juvenile conduct problems and adulthood mood disorders
Authors: Chan Jen-Hui , Chen Hsi-Chung , Chen I.-Ming , Wang Tsung-Yang , Chien Yi-Ling , Wu Shu-I. , Kuo Po-Hsiu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the association between conduct problems and mood disorders, and to evaluate the mediating roles of personality traits in it. Adult participants (N = 309), for which patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), and controls without major psychiatric history were recruited. Juvenile conduct problem was defined by the items in Composite International Diagnosis Interview. We assessed personality traits of extraversion and neuroticism. Multiple mediation model was performed to investigate the intervening effect of personality traits between juvenile conduct problems and adulthood mood disorders. Participants had on average 2.7 symptoms of conduct problems, and 43.4% had conduct problems. Having more symptoms of conduct problems was associated with a higher likelihood of BD (OR = 1.20). Higher neuroticism was associated with elevated risks of both MDD and BD. There was no direct effect of binary conduct problems on the risk of BD, and showed significant total indirect effect mediated by neuroticism for BD (OR = 1.49; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.10–2.05), but not through extraversion. Conduct problems defined as a continuous variable had a direct effect on the risk of adult MDD (OR = 1.36; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.05–1.76), while had an indirect effect on the risk of BD via the mediation of neuroticism (OR = 1.08; bias-corrected and accelerated 95% CI = 1.02–1.14). Neuroticism mediates between the association of juvenile conduct problems and adult BD. This finding raises our attention to assess personality traits in individuals with juvenile conduct problems for timely intervention strategies of reducing the vulnerability for developing mood disorders.
Preclinical evaluation of endoscopic placement of a steroid-eluting metal stent in an in vivo porcine benign biliary stricture model
Authors: Jang Sung Ill , Fang Sungsoon , Nahm Ji Hae , Cho Jae Hee , Do Min Young , Lee Su Yeon , Jeong Seok , Lee Don Haeng , Lee Dong Ki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTreatment of benign biliary strictures (BBS) using fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) has a high success rate, but recurrence can occur. Corticosteroids may be useful based on their anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the safety and efficacy of corticosteroid-eluting FCSEMS in an animal model. BBSs were created by radiofrequency ablation in 12 mini-pigs. Four weeks later, FCSEMS coated with 0 mg (control), 15 mg (steroid 1 × group), or 30 mg (steroid 2 × group) triamcinolone were inserted endoscopically. The in vitro drug release assay revealed that the optimal stent had 15 mg of triamcinolone and a hydrophilic membrane. No transmural necrosis or perforation occurred in any animal. Fibrous wall thickness tended to decrease macroscopically and microscopically in a triamcinolone dose-dependent manner (control vs. steroid 2 × group: 773.1 vs. 468.5 µm, P = 0.037). Thickness also decreased over time in the steroid 2 × group (3 days vs. 4 weeks: 907.9 vs. 468.5 µm, P = 0.025). Blood parameters tended to improve after stent insertion. In a porcine BBS model, steroid-eluting FCSEMS showed potential as a safe and effective treatment modality to reduce fibrotic tissue. Studies are required to confirm their safety and efficacy in humans with refractory BBS.
Static test research on steel bridge deck pavement structures paved by high-content hybrid fibre polymer concrete
Authors: Zhao Chaohua , Zhu Zhiwei , Yi Zhijian , Su Kang , Li Ya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSteel bridge deck pavement has always been a key and difficult point in the construction of long-span bridges. In practical engineering, common paving material is asphalt, and serious damage is caused on the pavement layer in the early stage. In this study, a high-performance high-content hybrid fibre polymer concrete was used as the paving material. A test was conducted on the small beam of the composite structure formed by the pavement layer and steel plate, and a positive/negative bending moment test was conducted to analyse the stiffness and bearing capacity of the composite structure. As revealed in the research results, the flexural and tensile stiffness of the structure and the bearing capacity of the composite structure showed superior performance, increased significantly with the pavement thickness, but increased slowly after the pavement thickness exceeded 80 mm and the increase in thickness contributed little to the bearing capacity. Under the simulated action of a positive/negative bending moment, the pavement layer still exhibited certain ductile failure features when the structure was bearing an ultimate load. This proves that high-content hybrid fibre polymer concrete exhibits suitable mechanical properties for steel bridge deck pavement.
Signaling events evoked by domain III of envelop glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus in human brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Bhide Katarína , Mochnáčová Evelína , Tkáčová Zuzana , Petroušková Patrícia , Kulkarni Amod , Bhide Mangesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTick-borne encephalitis virus and West Nile virus can cross the blood–brain barrier via hematogenous route. The attachment of a virion to the cells of a neurovascular unit, which is mediated by domain III of glycoprotein E, initiates a series of events that may aid viral entry. Thus, we sought to uncover the post-attachment biological events elicited in brain microvascular endothelial cells by domain III. RNA sequencing of cells treated with DIII of TBEV and WNV showed significant alteration in the expression of 309 and 1076 genes, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed activation of the TAM receptor pathway. Several genes that regulate tight-junction integrity were also activated, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, cell-adhesion molecules, claudins, and matrix metalloprotease (mainly ADAM17). Results also indicate activation of a pro-apoptotic pathway. TLR2 was upregulated in both cases, but MyD88 was not. In the case of TBEV DIII, a MyD88 independent pathway was activated. Furthermore, both cases showed dramatic dysregulation of IFN and IFN-induced genes. Results strongly suggest that the virus contact to the cell surface emanates a series of events namely viral attachment and diffusion, breakdown of tight junctions, induction of virus uptake, apoptosis, reorganization of the extracellular-matrix, and activation of the innate immune system.
Amplification of cell signaling and disease resistance by an immunity receptor Ve1Ve2 heterocomplex in plants
Authors: Kalischuk Melanie , Müller Boje , Fusaro Adriana F. , Wijekoon Champa P. , Waterhouse Peter M. , Prüfer Dirk , Kawchuk Lawrence 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmunity cell-surface receptors Ve1 and Ve2 protect against fungi of the genus Verticillium causing early dying, a worldwide disease in many crops. Characterization of microbe-associated molecular pattern immunity receptors has advanced our understanding of disease resistance but signal amplification remains elusive. Here, we report that transgenic plants expressing Ve1 and Ve2 together, reduced pathogen titres by a further 90% compared to plants expressing only Ve1 or Ve2. Confocal and immunoprecipitation confirm that the two receptors associate to form heteromeric complexes in the absence of the ligand and positively regulate signaling. Bioassays show that the Ve1Ve2 complex activates race-specific amplified immunity to the pathogen through a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results indicate a mechanism by which the composition of a cell-surface receptor heterocomplex may be optimized to increase immunity against devastating plant diseases.
Proline utilization A controls bacterial pathogenicity by sensing its substrate and cofactors
Authors: Ye Peiyi , Li Xia , Cui Binbin , Song Shihao , Shen Fangfang , Chen Xiayu , Wang Gerun , Zhou Xiaofan , Deng Yinyue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious reports indicate that proline utilization A (PutA) is involved in the oxidation of proline to glutamate in many bacteria. We demonstrate here that in addition to its role in proline catabolism, PutA acts as a global regulator to control the important biological functions and virulence of Ralstonia solanacearum. PutA regulates target gene expression levels by directly binding to promoter DNA, and its regulatory activity is enhanced by L-proline. Intriguingly, we reveal that the cofactors NAD+ and FAD boost the enzymatic activity of PutA for converting L-proline to L-glutamic acid but inhibit the regulatory activity of PutA for controlling target gene expression. Our results present evidence that PutA is a proline metabolic enzyme that also functions as a global transcriptional regulator in response to its substrate and cofactors and provide insights into the complicated regulatory mechanism of PutA in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity.
Quantifying telomeric lncRNAs using PNA-labelled RNA-Flow FISH (RNA-Flow)
Authors: González-Vasconcellos Iria , Cobos-Fernández María A. , Atkinson Michael J. , Fernandez-Piqueras José , Santos Javier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere we present a method to detect and quantify long non-coding RNAs, in particular those related to telomeres. By coupling the specificity of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe with flow cytometry we have quantified cellular levels of TERRA and TERC lncRNAs in culture cell lines and PBMCs. This easy-to-use method appointed RNA-Flow allows reliable lncRNA quantification with broad applications in basic research and clinical diagnostics. In addition, the staining protocol presented here was proven useful for the detection and quantification of such lncRNAs on unfixed cells using confocal microscopy.
Phonon-assisted formation of an itinerant electronic density wave
Authors: Li Jiaruo , Gorobtsov Oleg Yu. , Patel Sheena K. K. , Hua Nelson , Gregory Benjamin , Shabalin Anatoly G. , Hrkac Stjepan , Wingert James , Cela Devin , Glownia James M. , Chollet Matthieu , Zhu Diling , Medapalli Rajasekhar , Fullerton Eric E. , Shpyrko Oleg G. , Singer Andrej 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectronic instabilities drive ordering transitions in condensed matter. Despite many advances in the microscopic understanding of the ordered states, a more nuanced and profound question often remains unanswered: how do the collective excitations influence the electronic order formation? Here, we experimentally show that a phonon affects the spin density wave (SDW) formation after an SDW-quench by femtosecond laser pulses. In a thin film, the temperature-dependent SDW period is quantized, allowing us to track the out-of-equilibrium formation path of the SDW precisely. By exploiting its persistent coupling to the lattice, we probe the SDW through the transient lattice distortion, measured by femtosecond X-ray diffraction. We find that within 500 femtoseconds after a complete quench, the SDW forms with the low-temperature period, directly bypassing a thermal state with the high-temperature period. We argue that a wavevector-matched phonon launched by the quench changes the formation path of the SDW through the dynamic pinning of the order parameter.
Calibrated gas accretion and orbital migration of protoplanets in 1D disc models
Authors: Schib O. , Mordasini C. , Helled R. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Orbital migration and gas accretion are two interdependent key processes that govern the evolution of planets in protoplanetary discs. The final planetary properties such as masses and orbital periods strongly depend on the treatment of those two processes.
Aims. Our aim is to develop a simple prescription for migration and accretion in 1D disc models, calibrated with results of 3D hydro-dynamic simulations. Our focus lies on non-self-gravitating discs, but we also discuss to what degree our prescription could be applied when the discs are self-gravitating.
Methods. We studied migration using torque densities. Our model for the torque density is based on existing fitting formulas, which we subsequently modify to prevent premature gap-opening. At higher planetary masses, we also apply torque densities from hydrody-namic simulations directly to our 1D model. These torque densities allow us to model the orbital evolution of an initially low-mass planet that undergoes runaway-accretion to become a massive planet. The two-way exchange of angular momentum between disc and planet is included. This leads to a self-consistent treatment of gap formation that only relies on directly accessible disc parameters. We present a formula for Bondi and Hill gas accretion in the disc-limited regime. This formula is self-consistent in the sense that mass is removed from the disc in the location from where it is accreted. The prescription is appropriate when the planet is smaller than, comparable to, or larger than the disc scale height.
Results. We find that the resulting evolution in mass and semi-major axis in the 1D framework is in good agreement with those from 3D hydrodynamical simulations for a range of parameters.
Conclusions. Our prescription is valuable for simultaneously modelling migration and accretion in 1D models, which allows a planet’s evolution to be followed over the entire lifetime of a disc. It is applicable also in situations where the surface density is significantly disturbed by multiple gap-opening planets or processes like infall. We conclude that it is appropriate and beneficial to apply torque densities from hydrodynamic simulations in 1D models, at least in the parameter space we study here. More work is needed in order to determine whether our approach is also applicable in an even wider parameter space and in situations with more complex disc thermodynamics, or when the disc is self-gravitating.
Tributyltin chloride exposure to post-ejaculatory sperm reduces motility, mitochondrial function and subsequent embryo development
Authors: Daigneault Bradford W. , de Agostini Losano João D. 
Published: May 2022

Context Male exposure to environmental toxicants can disrupt spermatogenesis and sperm function. However, consequences of environmentally relevant organotin exposure to post-ejaculatory mammalian spermatozoa on fertility are poorly understood. Aims Determine the consequences of tributyltin chloride (TBT) exposure on post-ejaculatory sperm function and subsequent embryo development. Methods Frozen-thawed bovine sperm were exposed to TBT (0.1–100 nM) for 90 min (acute) and 6 h (short-term) followed by quantification of multiple sperm kinematics via computer aided sperm analysis. JC-1 dye was used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. Sperm were then exposed to TBT for 90 min in non-capacitating conditions, washed several times by centrifugation and applied to gamete co-incubation for in vitro embryo production to the blastocyst stage. Key results 100 nM TBT decreased total motility (88 vs 79%), progressive motility (80 vs 70%) curvilinear velocity and beat-cross frequency for 90 min with similar phenotypes at 6 h (P < 0.05). Sperm mitochondrial membrane potential was lower in 10 and 100 nM groups after 6 h (P ≤ 0.05). Embryos fertilised from TBT-exposed sperm had reduced cleavage rate (80 vs 62%) and 8–16 cell morula development (55 vs 24%) compared to development from unexposed sperm. Conclusions Exposure of post-ejaculatory mammalian sperm to TBT alters sperm function through lowered motility and mitochondrial membrane potential. Fertilisation of oocytes with TBT-exposed sperm reduces embryo development through mechanisms of paternal origin. Implications Acute and short-term environmental exposure of post-ejaculatory sperm to organotins and endocrine disrupting chemicals such as TBT contribute to idiopathic subfertility and early embryo loss.
Velocity-weakening and -strengthening friction at single and multiasperity contacts with calcite single crystals
Authors: Fu Binxin , Espinosa-Marzal Rosa M. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The empirical nature of rate-and-state friction (RSF) equations remains a drawback to their application to predict earthquakes. From nanoscale friction measurements on smooth and rough calcite crystals, a set of parameters is analyzed to elucidate microscopic processes dictating RSF. We infer the influence of roughness on the velocity dependence of friction in dry environment and that atomic attrition leads to stick–slip instabilities at slow velocities. In fault dynamics, stick–slip is associated with seismic slips. The aqueous environment eliminates atomic attrition and stick–slip and dissolves calcite under pressure. This yields remarkable lubrication, even more so in rough contacts, and suggests an alternative pathway for seismic slips. This work has implications for understanding mechanisms dictating fault strength and seismicity.
The HDAC inhibitor CI-994 acts as a molecular memory aid by facilitating synaptic and intracellular communication after learning
Authors: Burns Allison M. , Farinelli-Scharly Mélissa , Hugues-Ascery Sandrine , Sanchez-Mut Jose Vicente , Santoni Giulia , Gräff Johannes 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Memory formation relies on a plethora of functions, including epigenetic modifications. Over recent years, multiple studies have indicated the potential of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) as cognitive enhancers, but their mode of action is not fully understood. Here, we tested whether HDACi treatment improves memory formation via “cognitive epigenetic priming,” stipulating that HDACis—without inherent target specificity—specifically enhance naturally occurring plasticity processes. We found that combining HDACis with fear learning, but not either treatment alone, enhances synaptic plasticity as well as memory-promoting transcriptional signaling in the hippocampus, a brain area recruited by fear learning, but not in unrelated areas. These results lend experimental support to the theory of cognitive epigenetic priming.
Financing conservation by valuing carbon services produced by wild animals
Authors: Berzaghi Fabio , Chami Ralph , Cosimano Thomas , Fullenkamp Connel 
Published: May 2022

Significance
The involvement of financial markets is critical to deliver effective and long-lasting solutions to mitigate climate change and reverse biodiversity loss. However, financial markets have not invested in ecosystem services because these are often valued based on non-market prices, which deter investments. Based on existing carbon market prices, we value the carbon services produced by forest elephants and show that wild animals’ carbon services are valuable enough to attract investors. This framework would facilitate financing of conservation programs and local communities and broaden the portfolio of nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change.
Identifying Outliers in Astronomical Images with Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Han Yang , Zou Zhiqiang , Li Nan , Chen Yanli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Astronomical outliers, such as unusual, rare or unknown types of astronomical objects or phenomena, constantly lead to the discovery of genuinely unforeseen knowledge in astronomy. More unpredictable outliers will be uncovered in principle with the increment of the coverage and quality of upcoming survey data. However, it is a severe challenge to mine rare and unexpected targets from enormous data with human inspection due to a significant workload. Supervised learning is also unsuitable for this purpose because designing proper training sets for unanticipated signals is unworkable. Motivated by these challenges, we adopt unsupervised machine learning approaches to identify outliers in the data of galaxy images to explore the paths for detecting astronomical outliers. For comparison, we construct three methods, which are built upon the k-nearest neighbors (KNN), Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE) + KNN, and CAE + KNN + Attention Mechanism (attCAE_KNN) separately. Testing sets are created based on the Galaxy Zoo image data published online to evaluate the performance of the above methods. Results show that attCAE_KNN achieves the best recall (78%), which is 53% higher than the classical KNN method and 22% higher than CAE+KNN. The efficiency of attCAE_KNN (10 minutes) is also superior to KNN (4 h) and equal to CAE+KNN (10 minutes) for accomplishing the same task. Thus, we believe that it is feasible to detect astronomical outliers in the data of galaxy images in an unsupervised manner. Next, we will apply attCAE_KNN to available survey data sets to assess its applicability and reliability.
Observation of resistive switching in a graphite/hexagonal boron nitride/graphite heterostructure memristor
Authors: Deng Yafeng , Li Yixiang , Wang Pengfei , Wang Shuang , Pan Xuan , Wang Dong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
With the atomically sharp interface and stable switching channel, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure memristors have attracted extensive interests for the application of high-density memory and neuromorphic computing. Here, we demonstrate a new type of vdW heterostructure memristor device by sandwiching a single-crystalline h-BN layer between two thin graphites. In such a device, a stable bipolar resistive switching (RS) behavior has been observed for the first time. We also characterize their switching performance, and observe an on/off ratio of >10 3 and a minimum RESET voltage variation coefficient of 3.81%. Our work underscores the potential of 2D materials and vdW heterostructures for emerging memory and neuromorphic applications.
Tin dioxide buffer layer-assisted efficiency and stability of wide-bandgap inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Wang Pengyang , Ren Ningyu , Li Renjie , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have attracted tremendous research interest in recent years due to their applications in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, further performance improvements and long-term stability issues are the main obstacles that deeply hinder the development of devices. Herein, we demonstrate a facile atomic layer deposition (ALD) processed tin dioxide (SnO2) as an additional buffer layer for efficient and stable wide-bandgap IPSCs. The additional buffer layer increases the shunt resistance and reduces the reverse current saturation density, resulting in the enhancement of efficiency from 19.23% to 21.13%. The target device with a bandgap of 1.63 eV obtains open-circuit voltage of 1.19 V, short circuit current density of 21.86 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 81.07%. More importantly, the compact and stable SnO2 film invests the IPSCs with superhydrophobicity, thus significantly enhancing the moisture resistance. Eventually, the target device can maintain 90% of its initial efficiency after 600 h storage in ambient conditions with relative humidity of 20%–40% without encapsulation. The ALD-processed SnO2 provides a promising way to boost the efficiency and stability of IPSCs, and a great potential for perovskite-based tandem solar cells in the near future.
Mechanism investigation of pre-existing void-induced multi-modal electro-migration behavior
Authors: Han Zhaoxiang , Fan Weihai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A multi-modal time-to-failure distribution for an electro-migration (EM) structure has been observed and studied from long durationin-situ EM experiment, for which the failure mechanism has been investigated and discussed comprehensively. The mixed EM failure behavior strongly suggest that the fatal voids induced EM failure appear at various locations along the EM structure. This phenomenon is believed to be highly related to the existence of pre-existing voids before EM stress. Meanwhile, the number and location of the pre-existing voids can influence the EM failure mode significantly. Based on our research, a potential direction to improve the EM lifetime of Cu interconnect is presented.