bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of the New Zealand endemic mite harvestman genus
Authors: Boyer Sarah L. , Dohr Shannon R. , Tuffield Madison S. , Shu Yoonjin , Moore Ciara D. , Hahn Katherine M. , Ward Rainah S. , Nguyen Phuong , Morisawa Rina 
Published: May 2022

New Zealand is home to 30 recognised endemic mite harvestman species and subspecies, 26 of which were described by Ray Forster in 1948 and 1952. These species comprise three genera: Rakaia Hirst, 1926, Neopurcellia Forster, 1948, and Aoraki Boyer & Giribet, 2007. Here, we focus on the diversity and distribution of Aoraki: we describe A. grandis Boyer, Tuffield & Dohr, sp. nov. and A. meridialis Boyer, Hahn & Ward, sp. nov. and we synonymise A. granulosa (Forster, 1952) with A. tumidata (Forster, 1948), bringing the total of named species and subspecies to twelve, and extending the southern range of the genus by over 100 km. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed three major lineages within the genus characterised by differing levels of granulation of the male fourth tarsus. We report striking variation in the range size and level of genetic structuring present within currently recognised species and subspecies of Aoraki, and propose future studies to address evolutionary, biogeographic and taxonomic questions in the group. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BDD4D61C-B099–44D5–949C-34AD217A016F.
Estimating eviction prevalence across the United States
Authors: Gromis Ashley , Fellows Ian , Hendrickson James R. , Edmonds Lavar , Leung Lillian , Porton Adam , Desmond Matthew 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceSeveral negative effects of forced displacement have been well documented, yet we lack reliable measurement of eviction risk in the national perspective. This prevents accurate estimations of the scope and geography of the problem as well as evaluations of policies to reduce housing loss. We construct a nationwide database of eviction filings in the United States. Doing so reveals that 2.7 million households, on average, are threatened with eviction each year; that the highest eviction filing rates are not concentrated solely in high-cost urban areas; and that state-level housing policies are strongly associated with county-level eviction filing risk. These data facilitate an expanded research agenda on the causes and consequences of eviction lawsuits in the United States.
Farm vehicles approaching weights of sauropods exceed safe mechanical limits for soil functioning
Authors: Keller Thomas , Or Dani 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Mechanization has transformed agriculture over the past century, greatly improving crop production efficiency. However, the higher capacity has resulted in increased farm vehicle weights. We show that while machinery design maintains constant surface contact stresses, an insidious and largely overlooked threat of subsoil compaction has developed. We demonstrate that modern vehicles induce high soil stresses that now exceed critical mechanical thresholds for many arable soils, inducing chronic soil compaction in root zones below tillage depths and adversely affecting soil functioning. We draw parallels between modern farm vehicles and the heaviest animals that walked Earth: sauropods. We hypothesize that these prehistoric giants may have induced subsoil compaction, thus presenting a paradox for productivity of the land that supported them.
Theget-passive in Tyneside English
Authors: Fehringer Carol 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a quantitative variationist analysis of the distribution ofget- versusbe-passives in spoken Tyneside English. Taking data from theDiachronic Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English(1960s to 2010), the paper uses mixed-effects modelling to examine a wide range of possible constraints on the distribution ofgetversusbe, some of which have been discussed at length in the literature on theget-passive (e.g. subject animacy, adversative semantics) and some of which have received less attention (e.g. grammatical person, tense, aspectuality). It demonstrates that the use of theget-passive is determined by a complex combination of semantic and syntactic factors (subject animacy, telicity, non-neutral semantics, tense and grammatical person). Moreover, it argues that, despite the dramatic rise in frequency ofget-passives over time (with younger speakers using them even more frequently thanbe-passives), most of the constraints remain in place and the variant is pragmatically marked. This stands in sharp contrast to the findings of recent investigations into the grammaticalization ofget-passives in standard British and American English, which found that increased frequency in those varieties was also accompanied by semantic bleaching and generalization.
Creating alignment echoes using a phase-shaped femtosecond laser pulse
Authors: Xu Shuwu , Liu Guizhen , Huang Yunxia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, molecular alignment echoes induced by a pair of time-delayed femtosecond laser pulses have been proposed and have aroused wide research interest. However, we demonstrate that an alignment echo can be alternatively produced by a shaped femtosecond laser pulse with a V-style spectral phase modulation. The full, fractional, and imaginary alignment echoes are formed by the excitation of the tailored two time-delayed sub-pulses. Both the delay time and the ratio of intensity between the two sub-pulses can be easily manipulated by designing the modulation parameters to induce various types of echoes. We further show that the optimal ratio of intensity between the two sub-pulses, which results in the maximal alignment degrees of the full echo, closely correlates with the energy of the sub-pulse. When the pulse energy is relatively low, the maximal alignment degree of the full echo is obtained when the two sub-pulses have equal intensity. The optimal ratio of intensity increases with the excitation energy of the first pump pulse.
Density functional theory study on Ti/h-BN interface in resistance random access memory device
Authors: Ding Cheng , Dai Yuehua , Yang Bin , Li Xing , Wang Feifei , Yang Fei , Lu Wenjuan , Ke Qing , Feng Zhe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
By applying density functional theory calculations, we analyzed the intrinsic propensity of the Ti/h-BN interface in a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device upon the existence of a Stone–Wales (SW) defect and boron vacancy (VB). Following the construction of the Ti(001) surface and h-BN(SW) stack, Ti/h-BN interface models with different configurations and terminated sites were proposed, among which h-BN(SW)I/Ti(001)_TN was identified as the most stable interface system according to the binding energy. The charge transfer from Ti(001) toward the h-BN layers, resulting in heavy doping, formed an Ohmic contact in the interface. Moreover, through analysis of structure optimization, an intrinsic tendency of Ti ion migration to pass through the interface was revealed in the presence of SW defects and VB in the h-BN interface layer. The result of the migration barrier suggested that SW defects, especially B–B bond heptagons, provide preferential pathways for the vertical penetration of Ti ions through the interface, whereas VB in defects contribute most to the facilitation of Ti ion migration. Finally, I–V curves of RRAM device models with different interface configurations showed that SW defects and VB in the interface are critical to resistive switching behavior and can improve performance parameters, such as set voltage and current on/off ratios.
Application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to extend EFIT equilibrium reconstruction
Authors: Lao L L , Kruger S , Akcay C , Balaprakash P , Bechtel T A , Howell E , Koo J , Leddy J , Leinhauser M , Liu Y Q , Madireddy S , McClenaghan J , Orozco D , Pankin A , Schissel D , Smith S , Sun X , Williams S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent progress in the application of machine learning (ML)/artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to improve the Equilibrium Fitting (EFIT) code equilibrium reconstruction for fusion data analysis applications is presented. A device-independent portable core equilibrium solver capable of computing or reconstructing equilibrium for different tokamaks has been created to facilitate adaptation of ML/AI algorithms. A large EFIT database comprising of DIII-D magnetic, motional Stark effect, and kinetic reconstruction data has been generated for developments of EFIT model-order-reduction (MOR) surrogate models to reconstruct approximate equilibrium solutions. A neural-network MOR surrogate model has been successfully trained and tested using the magnetically reconstructed datasets with encouraging results. Other progress includes developments of a Gaussian process Bayesian framework that can adapt its many hyperparameters to improve processing of experimental input data and a 3D perturbed equilibrium database from toroidal full magnetohydrodynamic linear response modeling using the Magnetohydrodynamic Resistive Spectrum - Feedback (MARS-F) code for developments of 3D-MOR surrogate models.
Phase portrait and fractal analyses in nanobiophotonics: carbon nanoparticle aided intra-pigment energy transfer in leaves
Authors: S Sankararaman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper delineates the potential application of nonlinear time series analysis (TSA) in Nanobiophotonics to explore the soot-assisted intra-pigment energy transport mechanism in leaves. The soot nanofluid, containing nano carbon allotropes, prepared in different concentrations, is sprayed over Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet leaves. The chlorophyll extracted from the leaves after ten days is subjected to UV-Visible absorption and single beam thermal lens (TL) studies. The variation of the absorbance of signature peaks of chlorophyll pigments with the soot concentration reveals the role of soot in the intra-pigment energy transport, divulged through the time series TL signal. The TSA of the TL signals, the plotting of phase portraits, and the computation of sample entropy (S), fractal dimension (FD), and Hurst exponent for the pigment-soot systems unwrap the particle/molecular dynamics and the flow of energy within the system. The analysis by segmenting the variations of the TSA measures with soot concentration reveals that the values of S and FD of the system are high in the low and high concentration ranges, in agreement with the randomness reflected in the phase portrait. The middle region, where S and FD decrease, seems more energy-efficient for the photosystem through heat trap and energy exchange between the pigment-soot system. The study gives information about the critical concentration range suitable for increased photosynthesis in leaves and yield enhancement.
Exploring black holes as particle accelerators: hoop-radius, target particles and escaping conditions
Authors: Liberati Stefano , Pfeifer Christian , Relancio Javier 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The possibility that rotating black holes could be natural particle accelerators has been subject of intense debate. While it appears that for extremal Kerr black holes arbitrarily high center of mass energies could be achieved, several works pointed out that both theoretical as well as astrophysical arguments would severely dampen the attainable energies. In this work we study particle collisions near Kerr black holes, by reviewing and extending the so far proposed scenarios. Most noticeably, we shall focus on the recently advanced target particle scenarios which were claimed to reach arbitrarily high energies even for Schwarzschild black holes.
By implementing the hoop conjecture we show that these scenarios involving near-horizon target particles are in principle able to attain, sub-Planckian, but still ultra-high center of mass energies of the order of 1023–1025 eV even for non-extremal Kerr black holes. Furthermore, analysing the properties of particles produced in such collisions, we find that photons can escape to infinity. However, their energy is only of the order of the energy of the colliding particles and hence relatively low, which is the same conclusion previously reached in the literature about the original Bañados-Silk-West process. This finding points towards a general limitation of collisional Penrose processes, at least for what concerns their primary products.
Premature black hole death of Population III stars by dark matter
Authors: Ellis Sebastian A.R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Population III stars were the first generation of stars, formed in minihalos of roughly primordial element abundances, and therefore metal-free. They are thought to have formed at the cores of dense dark matter clouds. Interactions between baryons and dark matter can therefore have had an important impact on their evolution. In this paper we consider the capture of non- or weakly-annihilating dark matter by these early massive stars. In a wide region of parameter space, interactions of dark matter with baryons lead to premature death of the star as a black hole. We sketch how this modification of the standard evolutionary history of Population III stars might impact the epoch of reionisation, by modifying the amount of UV emission, the transition to Population II star formation, and the X-ray and radio emission from accretion onto the black hole remnants. Signals of massive black holes originating from Population III stars could be observed through gravitational waves from their mergers. Finally, the observation of pair-instability supernovae could effectively preclude premature black hole death across a wide range of parameter space, ranging in mass from m
DM ∼ 0.1 GeV to m
DM ∼ m
Pl.
Dissociation of J/ψ in hot medium and magnetic field *
Authors: Teng Da , Guo Xingyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Charmonium dissociation is an important probe of the quark–gluon plasma medium in heavy-ion collisions. The magnetic field produced in non-central collisions can affect the charmonia and their dissociation. We study the

bound state in magnetic field and at finite temperature using the Schrödinger equation. We find that below the dissociation temperature, both the magnetic field and momentum of the charmonia affect the formation or dissociation of the bound state, forming a non-trivial structure.
Real-time wall conditioning and recycling modification utilizing boron and boron nitride powder injections into the Large Helical Device
Authors: Lunsford R. , Masuzaki S. , Nespoli F. , Ashikawa N. , Gilson E.P. , Gates D.A. , Ida K. , Kawamura G. , Morisaki T. , Nagy A. , Oishi T. , Shoji M. , Suzuki C. , Yoshinuma M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Controlled particulate injections from the PPPL impurity powder dropper (IPD) into the Large Helical Device have demonstrated positive effects on the wall conditions on both an intra and inter-shot basis. Injections over a range of densities, input powers, pulse lengths, heating schemes, injection quantities and main ion species show conclusive evidence of improvement to plasma wall conditions. Successful injections are confirmed by both spectroscopic measurements as well as real-time visible camera signals. In 7 s long plasmas the responses include a reduction in wall recycling as well as a reduction in native impurity content as observed over the course of several discharges. For plasmas longer than 40 s, improvements to the recycling rate and increased impurity control are observed in real time as a consequence of the extended particulate injections. These experiments demonstrate the extended applicability of this solid particulate conditioning technique to the control and maintenance of the plasma wall conditions. In addition they are an important initial step in the development of the real-time boronization technique as a supplement to standard conditioning scenarios.
Effects of intermetallic phases on electrochemical properties of powder metallurgy Mg-6%Al-5%Pb anode alloy used for seawater activated battery
Authors: Huang Jiefeng , Liu Hui , Fang Hongjie , Zhang Jiaxi , Zhang Qian , He Xuehua , Song Juemin , Li Zheng , Yan Yang , Yu Kun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The changes in intermetallic phases of Mg-6%Al-5%Pb (Mg-Al-Pb) alloy prepared by powder metallurgy and their effects on electrochemical properties were studied. Experimental results showed that coarse Mg17Al12 phases (with size ranges from 20 μm to 70 μm) and fine Mg2Pb phases (with the size of 100 nm scale) formed in the mixed Al, Pb and Mg powder during the hot press sintering procedure. Fine Mg2Pb phases exhibit strong diffusional ability to diffuse into Mg17Al12 phases. Extruding further promotes the diffusion of Mg2Pb phases into Mg17Al12 phases. Solution treatment produced a mixed microstructure which is Mg17Al12 phase containing Mg2Pb phases inside and made other Mg2Pb phases homogeneously distributed in Mg matrix. Mg17Al12 phases and the gathered Mg2Pb phases will accumulate the Mg(OH)2 corrosion products, which impedes the subsequent discharge behavior. Homogeneously distributed Mg2Pb phases will fall off during discharge, which makes the discharge curve more stable. The mixed microstructure has positive effect on corrosion resistance and discharge potential. Therefore, solution-treated alloy shows the highest negative potential and the smoothest curve during the galvanostatic discharge test. Compared with the commercial AZ61 sheet, solution-treated alloy exhibit much higher anode properties in Mg/PbCl2 battery test. Thus, the solution-treated alloy could serve as an excellent anode in seawater-activated batteries.
Trends in nanomaterial-based biosensors for viral detection
Authors: Harito Christian , Khalil Munawar , Septiani Ni Luh Wulan , Dewi Kariana Kusuma , Hardiansyah Andri , Yuliarto Brian , Walsh Frank C 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pandemics such as COVID-19 have highlighted the importance of point-of-care sensors for testing, tracing, and treatment to minimize and manage infection. Biosensors have been widely deployed in portable devices such as glucose sensors and pregnancy tests. Their development for point-of-exposure virus detection or point-of-care devices is anticipated but their reliability for the accurate detection of viruses is critical. Nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), magnetic NPs, quantum dots, carbon-based nanomaterials, and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) NPs, have been utilized in biosensors to enhance sensitivity. Molecular imprinting is a cost-effective method to synthesize polymers for selective binding, which have excellent properties as biosensors. More research on MIP NPs can be expected in the near future. The utilization of nanomaterials in several types of transducers for biosensor devices is also illustrated to give an overview of their use. Finally, a summary is given together with a future perspective on how biosensors can be further developed as reliable, portable viral biosensors.
Stay in love with your PhD
Authors: Bowman Dominic M , Richards Fred , Maunder Megan , O'Brien Áine , Boubert Douglas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Get this: PhDs are hard. But PhDs can be hard for the wrong reasons. A recent event held by the RAS's Early Career Network Committee identified a host of unnecessary energy-drains that should be avoided for a more profitable PhD experience. By Dominic M. Bowman, Fred Richards, Megan Maunder, Áine O'Brien and Douglas Boubert.
Five-year clinical outcomes in patients with frailty aged ≥75 years with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing invasive management
Authors: Ratcovich Hanna , Beska Benjamin , Mills Greg , Holmvang Lene , Adams-Hall Jennifer , Stevenson Hannah , Veerasamy Murugapathy , Wilkinson Chris , Kunadian Vijay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aim
Frailty is associated with adverse outcomes in older patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The impact of frailty on long-term clinical outcomes following invasive management of non-ST elevation ACS (NSTEACS) is unknown.

Methods and results
The multi-centre Improve Clinical Outcomes in high-risk patieNts with ACS 1 (ICON-1) prospective cohort study consisted of patients aged &gt;75 years undergoing coronary angiography following NSTEACS. Patients were categorized by frailty assessed by Canadian Study of Health and Ageing Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Fried criteria. The primary composite endpoint was all-cause mortality, unplanned revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, and bleeding. Of 263 patients, 33 (12.5%) were frail, 152 (57.8%) were pre-frail, and 78 (29.7%) were robust according to CFS. By Fried criteria, 70 patients (26.6%, mean age 82.1 years) were frail, 147 (55.9%, mean age 81.3 years) were pre-frail, and 46 (17.5%, mean age 79.9 years) were robust. The composite endpoint was more common at 5 years among patients with frailty according to CFS (frail: 22, 66.7%; pre-frail: 81, 53.3%; robust: 27, 34.6%, P = 0.003), with a similar trend when using Fried criteria (frail: 39, 55.7%; pre-frail: 72, 49.0%; robust: 16, 34.8%, P = 0.085). Frailty measured with both CFS and Fried criteria was associated with the primary endpoint [age and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) compared with robust groups. CFS: 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–4.02, P = 0.008; Fried: HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.00–3.27, P = 0.048].

Conclusion
In older patients who underwent angiography following NSTEACS, frailty is associated with an increased risk of the primary composite endpoint at 5 years.

Registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01933581
BSAC Vanguard Series: Behavioural science and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Brazier Alix , Merriam Sarah , Halpern David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance could cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050 if no action is taken. While we depend on researchers to find new antimicrobials, reducing the demand for existing ones requires human behaviour change. This article by The Behavioural Insights Team discusses some of the areas with the greatest potential for behavioural interventions to reduce the development of antimicrobial resistance. Three areas are discussed: (i) ‘nudging’ antimicrobial stewardship (e.g. highlighting comparative over-prescribing was seen to reduce GP antibiotics prescriptions by 3.3%); (ii) promoting good hygiene practices (e.g. placement and salience of hand sanitizer increased hospital visitor compliance from 0.4% to 19.7%); and (iii) leveraging market forces (e.g. front-of-package labelling could increase demand for meat produced with minimal antibiotics, encouraging food production behaviour change).