bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VERTICAL DOSIMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC DISCHARGE INDUCED AT LIGHTNING IMPULSE VOLTAGE GENERATOR
Authors: Štěpánová Dagmar , Mikeš Jan , Štěpán Václav , Krbal Michal , Ploc Ondřej 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the measurement of ionising radiation emitted in the vertical field of electric discharge generated between the tip and the grounded plate electrode. The generator set-up was for 400 consecutive negative discharges with voltage amplitude 0.9 MV, waveform shape 1.2/50 $\mu $s, discharge energy 80 kJ and electrodes 1 m apart. Thermoluminescent, passive detectors were used to avoid electromagnetic interference from the discharge. The detectors were placed at the electrodes and three vertical positions 1 m from the discharge axis. This work extends a previous study focused on dosimetry in the plane parallel to the ground. This experiment confirmed the presence of a photon/electron component at the electrode tip and 0.5 m vertical position at a distance of 1 m from the discharge axis. In addition, the presence of neutrons was found for new positions in the vertical axis and the ground electrode.
MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF THE RADIATION DOSES AROUND THE ‘MINI LABYRINTH’ EXPERIMENTAL WORKPLACE AT STU
Authors: Čerba Štefan , Vrban Branislav , Lüley Jakub , Nečas Vladimír , Štastný Ondřej , Filová Vendula , Katovský Karel , Gloginić Marko , Mravik Željko , Erich Marko , Petrović Srdjan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most effective ways of gaining user experience and minimizing user effects on modelling and simulation is benchmarking. Currently (2022) a new experimental workplace, the so called ‘Mini Labyrinth’ is being developed at Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU). It is a simple neutron and gamma shielding benchmark, inspired by the ALARM-CF-AIR-LAB-001 ICSBEP experiment. The latest V2 setup consists of a PuBe neutron source, several NEUTRONSTOP C5 shielding blocks, H2O filled polylactic acid (PLA) tank, plastic source holder and detectors placed inside and outside the Mini Labyrinth. This paper is focused on the monitoring of the radiation doses around the workplace using the NuDET neutron detector and on the comparison of the measured quantities with ones simulated by SCALE 6 MONACO. The influence of the size of the model and the definition of the detector is studied in this analysis. The achieved results are presented and some discussions on further needed development are also included.
REFINING RADIOCARBON DATING OF IVORY
Authors: Valášek Vojtěch , Pachnerová Brabcová Kateřina , Kufnerová Jitka , Molnár Mihály , Světlík Ivo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Elephants are on the verge of extinction due to extensive poaching to obtain ivory and illegal income. According to international law, the trade in ivory of African elephants is outlawed, with a few exceptions, as for example in European Union for antique ivory obtained before 1947. There is basically only one physical method for determining the age of ivory and that is radiocarbon dating. The method uses artificially temporarily enhanced 14C content in the atmosphere to date relevant samples with high resolution. Since this advantage is slowly fading, the question arises of how to fill in the loss of the resolution. One possibility is exploiting the chronology of ivory. This work studies a whole elephant tusk and uses radiocarbon dating of samples obtained longitudinally and transversely from along the tusk to analyse the growth rate.
Effects of pelleted versus loose salt-limited protein supplement on supplement intake behavior of yearling heifers grazing dryland pastures
Authors: White Hayley C , Van Emon Megan L , DelCurto-Wyffels Hannah M , Wyffels Samuel A , DelCurto Timothy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impacts of supplement form on supplement intake behavior, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) change of yearling heifers grazing dryland pastures during the summer. In each of the two years, Angus crossbred heifers (14 mo of age; year 1, N = 57, BW = 449 ± 3.60 kg; year 2, N = 58, BW = 328 ± 3.57 kg) were used in a 84-d completely randomized design evaluating the following treatments: 1) control, no supplement; 2) salt-limited supplement in pelleted form; and 3) a salt-limited supplement in loose form. Individual supplement intake, and time spent at the feeder were measured throughout the course of the study using a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA). On days 0, 42, and 84, the heifers were weighed, and body condition scored following a 16-h shrink. Supplementation and form of supplement did not influence (P ≥ 0.62) BW change for yearling heifers within or across study grazing periods. Body condition score was not influenced (P ≥ 0.26) by supplementation and form within the 0 to 42 (period 1) or 42 to 84 (period 2)-d periods but displayed a treatment by year interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for the 84-d summer grazing period. Supplement intake (kg/d and g/kg BW) displayed a treatment × period interaction (P &lt; 0.01). Supplement intake (kg/d) of heifers consuming pelleted supplement was 28% and 31% greater (P ≤ 0.02) than heifers consuming loose supplement in periods 1 and 2, respectively. Supplement intake (g/kg BW) of heifers consuming pelleted supplement was 24% and 32% greater (P ≤ 0.05) than heifers consuming loose supplement in periods 1 and 2, respectively. Overall, across both years, supplement intake in period 1 was less than half (P &lt; 0.01) that of period 2, averaging 0.50 and 1.14 kg/day, respectively. Variation in supplement intake (% CV) was greater (P = 0.03) in period 1 compared to period 2, averaging 119% and 91%, respectively. In addition, variation in supplement intake was greater (P = 0.03) in year 2 than year 1, averaging 122% and 88%. Our results suggest that salt-limited supplements have a high degree of intake variation and pelleting could have a masking effect as indicated by the greater intake and intake rate of supplement with heifers consuming the pelleted supplement.
Classroom teachers’ “off-the-shelf” use of movement integration products and its impact on children’s sedentary behavior and physical activity
Authors: Weaver R Glenn , Dugger Roddrick , Burkart Sarah , von Klinggraeff Lauren , Hunt Ethan T , Beets Michael W , Webster Collin A , Chen Brian , Armstrong Bridget , Adams Elizabeth L , Rehling Jeffrey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Movement integration (MI) products are one of many MI strategies that aim to reduce students’ sedentary behavior (SB) and increase physical activity (PA) during classroom time. This study examined elementary classroom teachers’ off-the-shelf (i.e., no researcher support) use of MI products (GoNoodle Plus [GN], ABC for Fitness [ABC], Take10) and their impact on students’ SB and PA. Teachers (N = 57) at five schools received one MI product and reported MI strategy uses/day while student (n = 1,098, 52% female, 66% Black) accelerometer-determined SB and PA was assessed. Mixed regression models estimated changes in MI uses/day and SB and PA during the school day prior to and after teachers received the MI product. GoNoodle was the only MI product where overall MI strategy uses/day increased (∆ = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.4). Across products, students’ SB increased (∆ = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.1) while light (∆ = −1.7, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.1) and MVPA (∆ = −0.5, 95% CI = −0.8, −0.2) decreased. For GN SB (∆ = −3.3, 95% CI = −7.8, 1.3), light (∆ = 2.5, 95% CI = −0.7, 5.7), and MVPA (∆ = 0.8, 95% CI = −0.9, 2.5), did not show statistically significant change. For Take10 SB (∆ = 1.0, 95% CI = −0.2, 2.2) and MVPA (∆ = 0.1, 95% CI = −0.3, 0.6) did not change while light PA decreased (∆ = −1.1, 95% CI = −2.0, −0.3). For ABC SB increased (∆ = 11.1, 95% CI = 8.4, 13.9) while light (∆ = −7.0, 95% CI = −8.9, −5.0) and MVPA (∆ = −4.2, 95% CI = −5.2, −3.1) decreased. GN shows promise for classroom teacher use. However, given limited uptake of the other products and the lack of change in children’s SB and PA, this study suggests that off-the-shelf MI products cannot be integrated into classroom routines without additional support.
Reform of the secured transactions law in Japan: the form and function tested against the global standard
Authors: Kozuka Souichirou , Aoki Noriyuki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Since 2021, the reform of the secured transactions law is officially tabled before the Legislative Council of Japan. Prior to this official deliberation, three preparatory study groups, each sponsored by the Ministry of Justice, Small and Medium Enterprise Agency and Financial Services Agency, discussed the agenda. With differences in the details, these three groups have proposed introducing the new approach to secured transactions, namely enabling the creation of security interests in all the debtor’s assets without specifying each piece of asset included. These arguments indicate that the modern principles of secured transactions that have emerged from the global efforts towards unification and harmonisation affect domestic law reform.
ERK inhibition reduces neuronal death and ameliorates inflammatory responses in forebrain‐specific Ppp2cα knockout mice
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhu Xiaolei , Huang Chaoli , Chen Jiang , Shu Shu , Chen Guiquan , Xu Yun , Hu Yimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt has been shown that PP2A is critical for apoptosis in neural progenitor cells. However, it remains unknown whether PP2A is required for neuronal survival. To address this question, we generated forebrain‐specific Ppp2cα knockout (KO) mice. We show that Ppp2cα KO mice display robust neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses in the postnatal cortex. Previous evidence has revealed that PD98059 is a potent ERK inhibitor and may protect the brain against cell death after cardiac arrest. To study whether PD98059 may have any effects on Ppp2cα KO mice, the latter was treated with this inhibitor. We demonstrated that the total number of cleaved caspase3 positive (+) cells in the cortex was significantly reduced in Ppp2cα KO mice treated with PD98059 compared with those without PD98059 treatment. We observed that the total number of IBA1+ cells in the cortex was significantly decreased in Ppp2cα KO mice treated with PD98059. Mechanistic analysis reveals that deletion of PP2Aca causes DNA damage, which may be attenuated by PD98059. Together, this study suggests that inhibition of ERK may be an effective strategy to reduce cell death in brain diseases with abnormal neuronal apoptosis.
Role of Collagen in Vascular Calcification
Authors: Zhao Yunyun , Sun Zhen , Li Lihua , Yuan Wei , Wang Zhongqun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Vascular calcification is a pathological process characterized by ectopic calcification of the vascular wall. Medial calcifications are most often associated with kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and advanced age. Intimal calcifications are associated with atherosclerosis. Collagen can regulate mineralization by binding to apatite minerals and promoting their deposition, binding to collagen receptors to initiate signal transduction, and inducing cell transdifferentiation. In the process of vascular calcification, type I collagen is not only the scaffold for mineral deposition but also a signal entity, guiding the distribution, aggregation, and nucleation of vesicles and promoting the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteochondral-like cells. In recent years, collagen has been shown to affect vascular calcification through collagen disc–domain receptors, matrix vesicles, and transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Association of ATP8B3 gene polymorphisms with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease in asthmatics
Authors: Lee Jong-Uk , Kim Min Kyung , Park Seung-lee , Bae Da Jeong , Chang Hun Soo , Park Choon-Sik , Park Jong Sook 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), an asthma phenotype, often presents with severe manifestations and it remains widely underdiagnosed because of insufficient awareness of the relationship between the ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and asthma exacerbation. Our previous genome-wide association study demonstrated an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the ATP8B3 gene and the risk of AERD. This study examined AERD-related SNPs of the ATP8B3 gene in a large population.

Methods:
Twenty-five SNPs of ATP8B3 were genotyped with the GoldenGate assay using VeraCode microbeads in 141 asthmatics with AERD and 995 Aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). The genotype distribution was analyzed using logistic regression models. The declines in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)following an ASA challenge were compared among the genotypes and haplotypes using a type III generalized linear model.

Results:
The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of rs10421558 A>G in the 5’UTR and rs10403288 G>A in the intron were significantly lower in the AERD than the ATA [34.0% vs. 43.8%, OR = 0.66 (0.62–0.92), P
corr = 0.03 and 28.4% vs. 35.4%, OR = 0.62 (0.59–0.89), P
corr = 0.016, respectively]. BL1ht5 was significantly higher in the AERD [7.6% vs. 1.6%, OR = 12.23 (0.2–0.51), P = 4.7 × 10−4, P
corr = 0.001]. Among them, rs10421558 A>G and BL1ht5 were associated with the percent decline in FEV1 on the oral ASA challenge test.

Conclusion:
The minor allele of rs10421558 A>G in the 5′UTR may protect against the development of AERD via the increased production of ATP8B3.
Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Single-Use Duodenoscopes
Authors: Shahid Haroon M. , Bareket Romy , Tyberg Amy , Sarkar Avik , Simon Alexa , Gurram Krishna , Gress Frank G. , Bhenswala Prashant , Chalikonda Divya , Loren David E. , Kowalski Thomas E. , Kumar Anand , Vareedayah Ashley A. , Abhyankar Priya R. , Parker Kasey , Gabr Moamen M. , Nieto Jose , De Latour Rabia , Zolotarevsky Mitchelle , Barber Jeremy , Zolotarevsky Eugene , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique , Gaidhane Monica , Andalib Iman , Kahaleh Michel 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Single-use disposable duodenoscopes (SDD) have been developed to mitigate infectious risks related to reusable duodenoscopes. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of the two available SDDs in the United States.

Methods:
We conducted a comparative study of 2 SDD in consecutive ERCP procedures performed by expert endoscopists from 9 academic centers. Performance ratings, procedure details, and adverse events were collected.

Results:
A total of 201 patients were included: 129 patients underwent ERCP with Exalt (mean age 63, Males- 66 (51%), 72 with aScope Duodeno (mean age 65, males=30 (42%). A majority of endoscopists had performed >2000 ERCPs in both groups (71% Exalt, 93% aScope Duodeno). Technical success was 92% in both groups (n=119 Exalt-group, n=66 aScope-Duodeno-group). The procedural complexity for the ERCP cases performed were: Grade 1: 35 cases (18%), Grade 2: 83 cases (41%), Grade 3: 65 cases (32%), and Grade 4: 18 cases (9%). Thirteen patients (10%) from the Exalt group and 16 patients (22%) from the aScope Duodeno group required conversion to a reusable duodenoscope. On a scale of 1 to 5, Exalt and aScope Duodeno, respectively, were rated: 2.31 versus 2.60 for location and visualization quality, 1.38 versus 1.57 for maneuverability based on papillary orientation, 1.48 versus 1.15 for suction/air control, and 2.31 versus 2.34 for elevator efficiency. None of the adverse events were related to the SDDs.

Conclusions:
The 2 SDDs were comparable. Further ongoing enhancements to these devices will improve maneuverability and clinical effectiveness.
Polychoric Correlation with Ordinal Data in Nursing Research
Authors: Kiwanuka Frank , Kopra Juho , Sak-Dankosky Natalia , Nanyonga Rose Clarke , Kvist Tarja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Measures in nursing research frequently use Likert scales that yield ordinal data. Confirmatory factor analysis using Pearson correlations commonly applies to such data, although this violates ordinal scale assumptions.

Objectives
To illustrate the application of polychoric correlations and polychoric confirmatory factor analysis as a valid alternative statistical approach using data on family members’ perceived support from nurses as an exemplar.

Methods
A primary analysis of cross-sectional data from a sample of 800 participants using data collected with the Icelandic-Family Perceived Support Questionnaire was conducted using polychoric versus Pearson correlations, analysis of variance, and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
A two-factor measurement model was compatible with data from family members in the Ugandan care settings. Two contextual factors (cognitive and emotional support) constituted the family support measurement model. A factor correlation indicated that the two factors reflected distinct but closely related aspects of family support. Polychoric correlation revealed 13.8% (range 5.5%–25.2%) higher correlations compared to Pearson correlations. Moreover, the polychoric agreed with the data, while the Pearson confirmatory factor analysis did not fit based on multiple statistical criteria. Analyses indicated a difference in emotional and cognitive support perception across two family characteristics: education and relationship to the patient.

Discussion
A polychoric correlation suggests stronger associations, and consequently, the approach can be more credible with an ordinal Likert scale than Pearson correlations. Hence, polychoric confirmatory factor analysis can address a larger proportion of variance. In nursing research, polychoric confirmatory factor analysis can confidently be utilized when conducting confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables in Likert scales. Further, when a Pearson confirmatory factor analysis is used for ordinal Likert scales, the researcher should carefully evaluate the difference between the two approaches and justify their methodological choice. Even though we do not suggest dispensing with Pearson correlations entirely, we recommend using polychoric correlation for ordinal Likert scales.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis Using Ultrasound
Authors: DeFreitas Christopher A. , Carr Stephen R. , Merck Derek L. , Byrne Margaret M. , Linden Olivia E. , Stiles Emily A. , Sullivan Stephen R. , Taylor Helena O. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Craniosynostosis is rarely diagnosed in utero, but rather postnatally through clinical exam and radiographic findings. Prenatal diagnosis would allow for improved parental counseling and facilitate timely intervention. The authors’ purpose is to determine if prenatal ultrasound can be used to diagnose nonsyndromic craniosynostosis, by quantitatively comparing calvarial dimensions of fetuses with known craniosynostosis, to age-matched controls.

Methods:
The authors reviewed 22 prenatal ultrasounds of infants known to have nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and 22 age matched controls. Cross sectional images at the plane used to measure biparietal diameter (BPD) were selected, and cranial shape of each subject was parameterized with a radial spoke model. Cephalic indices were calculated from the cross-sectional ultrasound images for cases of sagittal synostosis and compared to age-matched controls without craniosynostosis. We used the radial parameterization to discriminate affected patients from controls. The results from quantitative shape analysis were compared to results from a blinded visual inspection of ultrasound images conducted by the two senior authors (SRS, HOT).

Results:
Among the 22 patients, the most common diagnosis was sagittal synostosis (11), followed by metopic synostosis (6). The average gestational age at time of ultrasound of both controls and synostotic patients was 26 weeks and 6.8 days, at the junction of the second and third trimesters. The controls and synostotic cases segregated into statistically different populations by their shape profiles (P<0.001). An automatic shape classifier using leave-one-out cross validation correctly classified the 44 images as normals vs. synostotic cases 85% of the time (sensitivity 82%, specificity 87%). Cephalic index was a poor indicator of sagittal synostosis (45% sensitivity). Visual inspection alone demonstrated only a fair level of accuracy (40-50% agreement) in identifying cases of synostosis (kappa 0.09-0.23).

Conclusions:
Cases of craniosynostosis can be identified on prenatal ultrasound with good sensitivity using formal shape analysis. Cephalic index and visual inspection alone performed poorly in identifying cases of craniosynostosis.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, II.
“How Low Should We Go? Safety and Craniometric Impact of the Low Occipital Osteotomy in Posterior Vault Remodeling”
Authors: Zapatero Zachary D. , Kosyk Mychajlo S. , Kalmar Christopher L. , Cheung Liana , Carlson Anna R. , Heuer Gregory G. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. , Lang Shih-Shan , Swanson Jordan W. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
A larger volume cranial vault expansion is likely facilitated by a low posterior cranial osteotomy beneath the torcula; however, this may impart an increased risk of venous bleeding. This study compares the safety infra-torcular to supra-torcular osteotomy in patients undergoing posterior vault reconstruction (PVR) or posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO). We also analyzed volumetric changes.

Methods:
Patients undergoing initial PVR and PVDO between 2009-2021 at our institution were grouped by occipital osteotomy location, and retrospectively analyzed. Craniometric analysis was performed if patients had high-resolution CT scans available within 180 days pre-and post-operatively.

Results:
A total of 187 patients were included: 106 (57%) who underwent PVDO, and 81 (43%) PVR. Infra-torcular osteotomy was more common in PVR (n=65, 80%) than PVDO (n=61, 58%; p<0.002.). Blood transfused was similar between low and high osteotomy cohorts in PVDO (p=0.285) and PVR (p=0.342). However, median transfused blood volume per kilogram of patient weight was greater in the low- vs high-osteotomy PVDO (p=0.010) and PVR (p=0.041) cohorts. Intra-operative venous sinus injury was rare. In the PVDO cohort, there was increased median intracranial volumetric gain in the low (263 mL) compared to high-osteotomy cohort (127 mL; p=0.043); however, when controlled for distraction distance only a trend was observed (p=0.221). Patients undergoing PVDO showed a larger median intracranial volume increase (168 mL) compared to those undergoing PVR (73 mL; p<0.001).

Conclusion:
Infra-torcular osteotomy can be performed safely in most patients undergoing cranial vault remodeling, and does not appear associated with greater hemodynamic instability or sinus injury.