bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When income differences hurt or excite: The nonlinear effect of regional inequality on subjective wellbeing
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Colcerasa Francesco , Pisani Fabio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCombining information from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and the European Social Survey, we investigate the relationship between subjective well‐being and income inequality using regional inequality indicators and individual data. We assume that inequality aversion and perception of social mobility affect the impact of regional inequality on subjective well‐being in opposite directions. We find evidence of an inverse U‐shaped effect of inequality, where inequality starts to have a positive effect on subjective well‐being that becomes negative with a switch point before the average of the Gini index for the entire sample. The rationale for our nonlinear finding is that Hirschman's tunnel effect (and the positive effect of perceived social mobility) prevails for low levels of inequality, while inequality aversion and negative relative income effects are relatively stronger when inequality is higher. Robustness checks on different sample splits are consistent with the hypothesis of the two drivers.
Effects of dialysis modality on mortality in patients with end‐stage renal disease: A cohort study
Authors: Du Liang , Sun Heqi , Lu Jun , Chen Gang , Ye Jianming , Zhuang Ye , Gao Lanying , Xiong Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMethodsUsing a retrospective 15‐year cohort, stratified by age, this study aimed to analyze the effect of dialysis modality on mortality of ESRD patients in a city of China. Study data were from the medical insurance information system of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province of China, and 1484 patients with ESRD, enrolled from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2019 were included in this study. The primary outcome event was all‐cause mortality, which was calculated in months. Dialysis modalities included hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Survival analysis and competing‐risk regression model were performed in this study.ResultsHD costs significantly higher medical expense than the PD treatment regimen. The mean survival time was 121.28 (SE = 3.020) months for HD patients, while that was 94.68 (SE = 3.534) months for the PD. Ten‐year survival rates of the young, middle‐aged, and elderly were 0.82, 0.56, and 0.26, respectively. For the young (SHR = 0.869, 95% CI: 0.525–1.436) and middle‐aged (SHR = 0.715, 95% CI: 0.484–1.057) ESRD patients, different dialysis modalities exhibited no statistical significance on the survival, but for the elderly, HD had a lower risk of mortality than PD (SHR = 0.747, 95% CI: 0.581–0.961).ConclusionSurvival of the young and middle‐aged ESRD patients was superior to that of the elderly. Considering both survival time and direct medical costs, we recommend that PD could be a better choice for young and middle‐aged ESRD patients, while HD may be suitable for older patients.
Understanding and strengthening wildlife and zoonotic disease policy processes: A research imperative
Authors: Clark Douglas , Antwi‐Boasiako Gabriel , Brook Ryan K. , Epp Tasha , Jenkins Emily , Lambert Simon , Soos Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic highlights the urgency and importance of monitoring, managing and addressing zoonotic diseases, and the acute challenges of doing so with sufficient inter‐jurisdictional coordination in a dynamic global context. Although wildlife pathogens are well‐studied clinically and ecologically, there is very little systematic scholarship on their management or on policy implications. The current global pandemic therefore presents a unique social science research imperative: to understand how decisions are made about preventing and responding to wildlife diseases, especially zoonoses, and how those policy processes can be improved as part of early warning systems, preparedness and rapid response. To meet these challenges, we recommend intensified research efforts towards: (i) generating functional insights about wildlife and zoonotic disease policy processes, (ii) enabling social and organizational learning to mobilize those insights, (iii) understanding epistemic instability to address populist anti‐science and (iv) anticipating evolving and new zoonotic emergences, especially their human dimensions. Since policy processes for zoonoses can be acutely challenged during the early stages of an epidemic or pandemic, such insights can provide a pragmatic, empirically‐based roadmap for enhancing their robustness and efficacy, and benefiting long‐term decision‐making efforts.
Circulating and skeletal muscle microRNA profiles are more sensitive to sustained aerobic exercise than energy balance in males
Authors: Margolis Lee M. , Hatch‐McChesney Adrienne , Allen Jillian T. , DiBella Marissa N. , Carrigan Christopher T. , Murphy Nancy E. , Karl J. Philip , Gwin Jess A. , Hennigar Stephen R. , McClung James P. , Pasiakos Stefan M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate molecular processes governing muscle metabolism. Physical activity and energy balance influence both muscle anabolism and substrate metabolism, but whether circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs mediate those effects remains unknown. This study assessed the impact of sustained physical activity with participants in energy balance (BAL) or deficit (DEF) on circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs. Using a randomized cross‐over design, 10 recreational active healthy males (mean ± SD, 22 ± 5 years, 87 ± 11 kg) completed 72 h of high aerobic exercise‐induced energy expenditures in BAL (689 ± 852 kcal/day) or DEF (−2047 ± 920 kcal/day). Blood and muscle samples were collected under rested/fasted conditions before (PRE) and immediately after 120 min load carriage exercise bout at the end (POST) of the 72 h. Trials were separated by 7 days. Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNAs were measured using microarray RT‐qPCR. Independent of energy status, 36 circulating miRNAs decreased (P < 0.05), while 10 miRNAs increased and three miRNAs decreased in skeletal muscle (P < 0.05) at POST compared to PRE. Of these, miR‐122‐5p, miR‐221‐3p, miR‐222‐3p and miR‐24‐3p decreased in circulation and increased in skeletal muscle. Two circulating (miR‐145‐5p and miR‐193a‐5p) and four skeletal muscle (miR‐21‐5p, miR‐372‐3p, miR‐34a‐5p and miR‐9‐5p) miRNAs had time‐by‐treatment effects (P < 0.05). These data suggest that changes in miRNA profiles are more sensitive to increased physical activity compared to energy status, and that changes in circulating miRNAs in response to high levels of daily aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNAs.
imageKey points
Circulating and skeletal muscle miRNA profiles are more sensitive to high levels of aerobic exercise‐induced energy expenditure compared to energy status.
Changes in circulating miRNA in response to high levels of daily sustained aerobic exercise are not reflective of changes in skeletal muscle miRNA.
Unsteady Interaction Mechanisms of Axial-Slot Casing Treatment With Tip Region Flow in a Highly-Loaded Mixed-Flow Compressor
Authors: Du Juan , Qiu Jiahui , Zhang Qianfeng , Ba Dun , Maroldt Niklas , Seume Joerg R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The influences of axial-slot casing treatment (ASCT) on the performance and unsteady tip region flow are experimentally and numerically investigated in a highly-loaded mixed-flow compressor. The total pressure ratio, stall margin, and efficiency of the compressor are improved with ASCT. Static wall pressure was measured using unsteady pressure taps installed on the casing to identify the stall inception and resolve the tip region flow. The compressor stalls through spike-stall inception with the spillage of tip leakage flow (TLF). FFT analysis of dynamic pressure data shows that unsteady tip clearance flow (TCF) characterized by a frequency band of 0.4–0.6 blade passing frequency exists for both cases with and without ASCT. The addition of ASCT alleviates fluctuating amplitude of TCF in the blade passage but enhances oscillating strength of the main flow located upstream of blade leading-edge. Time-averaged solutions of unsteady simulations indicate that ASCT suppresses the spillage of TLF through suction and injection effects. However, flow separation located downstream of slots is enlarged by ASCT, which is attributed to the increased blade tip load. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, the tip flow field was further studied at various time instants. The fluids with high enthalpy are injected from slots and then divided into two parts by the rotor blade. One part of the fluids attaches on blade pressure side causing the local high static pressure spot, which leads to the increment of pressure loading at blade tip. The other part interacts with TLF periodically, thus pushing it into passage and delaying rotating stall.
Fan Stability With Leading Edge Damage: Blind Prediction and Validation
Authors: Gunn E. J. , Brandvik T. , Wilson M. J. , Maxwell R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper considers the impact of a damaged leading edge (LE) on the stall margin and stall inception mechanisms of a transonic, low-pressure ratio fan. The damage takes the form of a squared-off leading edge over the upper half of the blade. Full-annulus, unsteady CFD simulations are used to explain the stall inception mechanisms for the fan at low- and high-speed operating points. A combination of steady and unsteady simulations shows that the fan is predicted to be sensitive to leading edge damage at low-speed, but insensitive at high-speed. This blind prediction aligns well with rig test data. The difference in response is shown to be caused by the change between subsonic and supersonic flow regimes at the leading edge. Where the inlet relative flow is subsonic, rotating stall is initiated by the growth and propagation of a subsonic leading edge flow separation. This separation is shown to be triggered at higher mass flow rates when the leading edge is damaged, reducing the stable flow range. Where the inlet relative flow is supersonic, the flow undergoes a supersonic expansion around the leading edge, creating a supersonic flow patch terminated by a shock on the suction surface. Rotating stall is triggered by the growth of this separation, which is insensitive to the leading edge shape. This creates a considerable difference in sensitivity to damage at low- and high-speed operating points.
Mapping the evidence on identity processes and identity-related interventions in the smoking and physical activity domains: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Penfornis Kristell M , Van Vliet Milon H M , Meijer Eline , Gebhardt Winifred A 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionSmoking and insufficient physical activity (PA), independently but especially in conjunction, often lead to disease and (premature) death. For this reason, there is need for effective smoking cessation and PA-increasing interventions. Identity-related interventions which aim to influence how people view themselves offer promising prospects, but an overview of the existing evidence is needed first. This is the protocol for a scoping review aiming to aggregate the evidence on identity processes and identity-related interventions in the smoking and physical activity domains.MethodsThe scoping review will be guided by an adaption by Levacet alof the 2005 Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework, the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) and the 2017 Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. It will include scientific publications discussing identity (processes) and/or identity-related interventions in the context of smoking (cessation) and/or physical (in)activity, in individuals aged 12 and over. A systematic search will be carried out in multiple databases (eg, PubMed, Web of Science). Records will be independently screened against prepiloted inclusion/exclusion criteria by two reviewers, using the Active Learning for Systematic Reviews machine learning artificial intelligence and Rayyan QCRI, a screening assistant. A prepiloted charting table will be used to extract data from included full-text articles. Findings will be reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and include study quality assessment.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for scoping reviews. Findings will aid the development of future identity-related interventions targeting smoking and physical inactivity.
Virtual reality and speech analysis for the assessment of impulsivity and decision-making: protocol for a comparison with neuropsychological tasks and self-administered questionnaires
Authors: de Leon-Martinez Santiago , Ruiz Marta , Parra-Vargas Elena , Chicchi-Giglioli Irene , Courtet Philippe , Lopez-Castroman Jorge , Artes Antonio , Baca-Garcia Enrique , Porras-Segovia Alejandro Albán , Barrigon Maria Luisa 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionImpulsivity is present in a range of mental disorders and has been associated with suicide. Traditional measures of impulsivity have certain limitations, such as the lack of ecological validity. Virtual reality (VR) may overcome these issues. This study aims to validate the VR assessment tool ‘Spheres & Shield Maze Task’ and speech analysis by comparing them with traditional measures. We hypothesise that these innovative tools will be reliable and acceptable by patients, potentially improving the simultaneous assessment of impulsivity and decision-making.Methods and analysisThis study will be carried out at the University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain). Our sample will consist of adults divided into three groups: psychiatric outpatients with a history of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviours, psychiatric outpatients without such a history and healthy volunteers. The target sample size was established at 300 participants (100 per group). Participants will complete the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11; the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Positive Urgency, Impulsive Behaviour Scale; Iowa Gambling Task; Continuous Performance Test; Stop signal Task, and Go/no-go task, three questions of emotional affect, the Spheres & Shield Maze Task and two satisfaction surveys. During these tasks, participant speech will be recorded. Construct validity of the VR environment will be calculated. We will also explore the association between VR-assessed impulsivity and history of suicidal thoughts and/or behaviour, and the association between speech and impulsivity and decision-making.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz (PIC128-21_FJD). Participants will be required to provide written informed consent. The findings will be presented in a series of manuscripts that will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.Trial registration numberNCT05109845; Pre-results.
Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis among surgical patients: results from a retrospective observational study at a public hospital in Liberia
Authors: Enriquez Kayla , Raouf Saned , Shakpeh John , Niescierenko Michelle , Mayah-Toto Finda 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSurgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is one of the most effective measures to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs). According to WHO SAP guidelines, SAP requires appropriate indication for administration and delivery of the antimicrobial agent to the operative site through intravenous administration within 60–120 min before the initial surgical incision is made. In Liberia, it is unknown how surgeons practice and there has been anecdotal observation of antibiotic overuse.ObjectiveTo elucidate baseline SAP compliance, particularly appropriate SAP use based on wound class and time of antibiotic administration.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2017. One-day training was provided on SAP/SSI to 24 health workers by the Ministry of Health and WHO. Following this training, surgical cases (general surgery and obstetrics and gynaecology (OB/GYN) underwent chart review with focus on time of SAP administration and appropriate SAP based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) wound classification.ResultsA total of 143 charts were reviewed. Twenty-nine (20.3%) cases showed appropriate prophylaxis through administrations of antibiotics 120 min before surgical incision, resulting in SAP compliance. One hundred and fourteen cases (79.7%) showed SAP noncompliance with timing of antibiotic administration. Of the OB/Gyn cases, 109 wounds were classified as Class I (clean) and one wound was classified as Class III (contaminated). For General Surgical cases, 32 wounds were classified as Class I and one as Class III. Of the 109 Class I OB/Gyn surgeries, 24 (22%) were appropriately given antibiotics based on the CDC wound guidelines while 78% were non-compliant with recommendations. Of the 32 Class I General surgery cases, 4 (12.5%) were compliant with antibiotics guidelines while 28 (87.5%) were not.ConclusionCompliance with SAP is low. More studies need to be done to explore the contributing factors to this. Implementing mechanisms to achieve proper use of SAP is needed.
Thrombophilia screening in women with recurrent first trimester miscarriage: is it time to stop testing? – a cohort study and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Shehata Hassan , Ali Amanda , Silva-Edge Mariane , Haroon Shahla , Elfituri Abdullatif , Viswanatha Radhika , Jan Haider , Akolekar Ranjit 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThere are numerous studies reporting a disproportionally high prevalence of thrombophilia in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage (RM), which has led to overdiagnosis and treatment without an improvement in clinical outcomes. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of inherited and acquired thrombophilia in a large cohort of women with a history of early RM using internationally agreed diagnostic criteria and inclusion parameters and compare it to the meta-analysis results of existing literature.MethodsDesignRetrospective cohort study and systematic review of literature.SettingThis is a retrospective cohort study set-up in two dedicated tertiary centres for women with RM in Southwest London and Surrey. We reviewed all the available literature related to causes of RMs. We ascertained the prevalence of thrombophilia in the study population and compared it with historical and published prevalence in the general population.Participants1155 women between 2012 and 2017. All patients had three or more first trimester miscarriages and a full thrombophilia screen.ResultsThe overall prevalence of thrombophilia in our study population is 9.2% (106/1155) with 8.1% (94/1155) of cases positive for inherited thrombophilia, which is similar to the general population; Factor V Leiden (4.9%; 57/1155) and prothrombin gene mutation (2.9%; 34/1155) were the most common inherited thrombophilias, while only 1% (12/1155) tested positive for acquired thrombophilia. Persistent positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) was found in 0.5% (6/1155) and persistent positive anticardiolipin (ACL) antibodies with a value ≥40 U/mL was found in 0.5% (6/1155) of patients. Tests for LA/ACL were performed a minimum of 12 weeks apart thus meeting the revised Sapporo criteria for a diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome.ConclusionThe findings of our study demonstrate that the prevalence of inherited thrombophilia is similar in women with RM to that in the general population. Similarly, the prevalence of acquired thrombophilia, using the revised Sapporo criteria, in the cohort of RMs is similar to that in the general population. Therefore, we do not recommend investigation or treatment of inherited or acquired thrombophilia in women with RM.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020223554.
Reduction effect of oral pravastatin on the acute phase response to intravenous zoledronic acid: protocol for a real-world prospective, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Liu Qi , Han Gengyu , Li Runting , Fan Dongwei , Du Guohong , Zhang Min , Tao Liyuan , Li Haiyan , Liu Dongyang , Song Chunli 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionZoledronic acid (ZA) has been used as a first-line treatment in patients with osteoporosis (OP) who receive an annual injection of 5 mg. However, side effects of bone pain and fever, known as the acute phase response (APR), have often been observed after clinical usage. A meta-analysis reported that the incidence of APR was 49.4% among patients with OP who received ZA for the first time and that 30% of patients with these adverse effects refused treatment in the following year. As a clinically used hypolipidaemic drug, statins can inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to block the pathway upstream of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. This process can decrease the accumulation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to prevent γδT-cell activation and inflammatory factor production, blocking APR occurrence. The aim of this study is to determine the reduction effect of oral pravastatin on APR and investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the effect in vivo.Methods and analysisThis will be a single-centre, placebo-controlled trial. Female participants will be allocated at a 1:1 ratio to receive either oral pravastatin or a placebo at 1-hour predose and 24 and 48 hours post-administration of ZA. The primary outcome will be the incidence of APR within 72 hours after ZA infusion. The secondary outcomes will include the occurrence time and severity of APR and the frequency and amount of acetaminophen usage within 72 hours after ZA infusion. This study will determine the preventive effect of oral pravastatin on APR in Chinese patients with OP, supporting the clinical application of ZA to alleviate concerns regarding safety and increase patient compliance.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee. The results will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT04719481.