bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
К военно-дипломатической ситуации одной коалиционной войны начала XIX в.
Authors: Iskyul Sergey N. 
Published: April 2022

В статье раскрывается один из сложных внешнеполитических и дипломатических эпизодов в преддверии коалиционной войны 1805 г., указывающий на стремление Александра I вовлечь в очередную коалицию против Франции Пруссию, без участия которой ни российский император, ни его союзники не могли надеяться на успех. В исторических исследованиях констатируется, что упорное желание прусского короля, союзника российского императора со времени свидания двух монархов в 1802 г. в Мемеле, сохранить нейтралитет Пруссии, в конце концов, было преодолено подтверждением русско-прусских союзных отношений во время визита Александра I в Берлин в 1805 г. Вместе с тем остается неизвестным, что император считал возможным преодоление прусского нейтралитета, не останавливаясь перед применением силы. С этой целью предполагалось, что российская армия, не считаясь с суверенитетом Пруссии, в определенный момент перейдет границы королевства. Более того, в случае прусского сопротивления, армия вторжения должна была обращаться с Пруссией как с враждебной страной. Анализ обнаруженных в Архиве внешней политики Российской империи документов позволяет сделать вывод о том, что тогдашняя дипломатическая ситуация была на гране разрыва между союзниками. В случае такого развития событий, вместо коалиционной войны против Франции могло иметь место вооруженное противоборство двух ее ключевых союзников – такова внешнеполитическая реальность ситуации 1805 г. Она, эта ситуация, в конечном итоге привела к тому, что Пруссия, несмотря на подписание королем союзной конвенции с Александром I и даже несмотря на то, что прусские войска уже выдвигались на театр будущих военных действий, должна была сепаратно пойти на соглашение с Францией. В результате Пруссия так и не приняла участия в войне, а коалиция потерпела катастрофическое поражение при Аустерлице.
Recent Update on Serum Alkaline and Acid Phosphatases in Pre- and Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Singh Stalinjit , Kapoor Sudershan , Chander Mukesh , Gill Prabhjot 
Published: April 2022

Background: Breast carcinoma in females is an ever-growing malaise with significant mortality and morbidity. In resource-poor settings, the need for a cost-effective and reliable diagnostic tool is of utmost importance.
Methods: In the present study, 54 histopathologically proven breast cancer patients were investigated for their pre- and postoperative serum ALP and ACP levels.
Results: A total of 34 cases (belonging to the age interval of 40–60 years) exhibited a significant drop in serum ALP level after surgery (P = 0.002). Although the serum ACP also showed a postoperative decline, it was not as significant as that of serum ALP.
Conclusion: The role of serum ALP and ACP in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring/surveillance of breast carcinoma cannot be underestimated particularly in third-world countries lacking in medical infrastructure or resource-poor settings.
COVID-19 in Combination with HLH in a Child with Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Jenabzadeh Alireza , Naghibi Mohammad , Safi Dahaj Farzan 
Published: April 2022

Since December 2019, the coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread all over the world. This disease may present differently in immune-compromised persons. Some of the virus's impacts have yet to be identified. In this case report, we report a three-year-and-three-month-old child with aplastic anemia who was concurrently infected with COVID-19 and HLH (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis). She was referred to our center for further investigation of aplastic anemia with concurrent fever. Through examination due to splenomegaly, more evaluations were done. During admission, the PCR test for COVID-19 became positive, however, because of the fulfillment of the HLH criteria, she was diagnosed with this disease development. She was treated for HLH with IVIG and Dexamethasone while getting COVID-19 treatment. Following medicines and follow-up, her WBC and Hb count started to rise, aside from the PLT count. She continues to receive PLTs because of her thrombocytopenia till a suitable donor for BMT (Bone Marrow Transplant) is found. This case scenario highlights the COVID-19 concurrent complications for paying attention to underlying disease for better diagnosis and management.
Valoración Del Miedo Ante La Muerte En Estudiantes De Enfermería
Authors: Guerrero Olalde Ana Yareli , Palomé Vega Gabriela , Juárez Lira Alberto 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La muerte siempre genera temor y no se aborda a menos que se requiera. En enfermería, la cotidianidad del cuidado tampoco propicia espacios seguros y se aprende a sobrellevar la muerte de los pacientes sin el adecuado acompañamiento o conocimientos de estrategias eficaces, desde la etapa de estudiante, lo que genera un rezago de atención a este tema en el gremio de enfermería.
Objetivo: valorar el nivel de miedo presente en los estudiantes de enfermería, ante la muerte del otro y de sí mismo.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal; se trabajó con 156 estudiantes de enfermería. Se utilizó la escala de Miedo a la Muerte de Collett-Lester, de tipo Likert que, genera resultados de bajo y alto miedo a la muerte. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos. El proyecto fue sometido a evaluación y aprobado por los comités de bioética e investigación de la institución receptora.
Resultados: La media estadística fue de 21 años, 85.9% de los encuestados correspondieron al sexo femenino, el resto al masculino (14.1%). Los resultados generales arrojaron un bajo miedo a la muerte (53%). La valoración de subescalas denota un bajo miedo a la propia muerte (100%), en comparación con el proceso de muerte propia (60%).
Conclusión: No temen a su muerte, pero sí a la forma y tiempo en que ésta se presentará. El alto miedo a la muerte del otro sugiere sensibilidad hacía la mortandad de pacientes. Se sugieren programas de tanatología tanto previo como posterior a la presencia de muerte de pacientes.
Introduction: Death always generates fear and is not addressed unless required. In nursing, the daily care does not provide safe spaces either, and one learns to cope with the death of patients without the proper accompaniment or knowledge of effective strategies, from the student stage, which generates a lag of attention to this issue in the guild of nursing.
Objective: to assess the level of fear present in nursing students, in the face of the death of the other and of oneself.
Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study; we worked with 156 nursing students. The Likert-type Collett-Lester Fear of Death scale was used, which generates results of low and high fear of death. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The project was submitted to evaluation and approved by the bioethics and research committees of the receiving institution.
Results: The statistical mean was 21 years, 85.9% of the respondents were female, the rest were male (14.1%). The general results showed a low fear of death (53%). The evaluation of subscales denotes a low fear of one's own death (100%), compared to the process of one's own death (60%).
Conclusion: They do not fear their death, but they do fear the form and time in which it will be presented. The high fear of the death of the other suggests sensitivity towards the mortality of patients. Thanatology programs are suggested both before and after the presence of patient death.
Aneksasi Rusia atas Krimea, Sanksi Uni Eropa, dan Penguatan Hubungan Strategis antara Rusia-Tiongkok
Authors: Muhammad Ali , Athifi Muhammad F. 
Published: April 2022

Artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai dampak sanksi Uni Eropa terhadap Rusia setelah tindakan aneksasi Krimea pada tahun 2014. Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat mengutuk tindakan ilegal tersebut dan mencoba menekan Rusia untuk meninggalkan Krimea dan memenuhi semua tuntutan tanpa syarat. Sanksi tersebut termasuk larangan penyediaan teknologi untuk eksplorasi minyak dan gas, larangan pemberian kredit kepada perusahaan minyak Rusia dan bank-bank negara, serta pembatasan perjalanan terhadap warga Rusia berpengaruh yang dekat dengan Presiden Putin dan terlibat dalam pencaplokan Krimea. Apa konsekuensi sanksi Barat terhadap Hubungan Internasional Rusia? Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan didukung oleh data sekunder dari buku, jurnal serta berbagai data valid dari internet, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa sanksi tersebut sangat memukul perekonomian Rusia. Namun, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa alih-alih melemahkan kekuatan Rusia, sanksi Barat justru memperkuat posisi strategis Rusia. Sanksi tersebut. Kondisi tersebut justru memperkuat hubungan ekonomi dan militer Rusia dengan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Rusia dan Tiongkok adalah kekuatan besar dalam politik dunia kontemporer. Penguatan hubungan strategis antara dua kekuatan besar tersebut memiliki dampak strategis terhadap politik dunia dewasa ini.
Kata kunci: Krimea, great power, Rusia, sanksi, Tiongkok
The enrichment of silver ions in Ag3PO4 through the morphology changes and their photocatalytic activities
Authors: Sulaeman Uyi , Afifah Khusnul , Diastuti Hartiwi , Yin Shu 
Published: April 2022

The Ag3PO4 photocatalyst has been developed to degrade the organic pollutant due to its highly active responsive under visible light irradiation. The properties of Ag3PO4 may depend on design and preparation. Starting materials and co-precipitation conditions would significantly affect the properties of the product. The controlled defect of this photocatalyst may lead to improve catalytic activity. Here, the unique properties of phosphate deficiency in Ag3PO4 were created using the starting material of KH2PO4 and AgNO3 under a mixed solvent of water and ethanol. AgNO3 solution with the ethanol percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% was added to KH2PO4 aqueous solution. The photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, DRS, SEM, and XPS. The changes in morphology can be observed from the tetrahedral to the sphere which has smaller particles. The increased atomic ratio of Ag/P and Ag/O suggests that the silver ion enrichment in Ag3PO4 has been created. The activity of Ag3PO4 for Rhodamine B elimination increased by 4.3 times higher compared to that of the pristine Ag3PO4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity might be caused by the smaller particle size and higher silver ion content on the surface of Ag3PO4.
Migration, Dignity, Fragility, and Pandemics
Authors: Nakayama Mikiyasu , McClain Shanna N. , Fujikura Ryo , Sasaki Daisuke 
Published: April 2022

Migration is dynamic and varies greatly across the globe due to myriad factors, including demography, economy, geography, and environment. As people move, a number of challenges exist that can leave human rights and human dignity as an afterthought to the migration process. This special issue provides a legal and policy framework for supporting “migration with dignity,” providing examples of how to apply this framework across a number of contexts, including climate change, the migration cycle, and pandemics.
COVID-19 has drastically changed mobility and migration in key spheres, such as transportation, travel, construction, and hospitality. Our research for this special issue was conducted between 2020 and 2021; therefore, we had the opportunity to witness a once-in-a-century global pandemic with direct impacts on migration inflows and outflows. Consequently, we have included pandemics as a key theme for consideration in this issue, believing that the research agenda should be informed by the assessment of impacts in both the atoll countries and in the United States – the most common “destination” of Pacific Islanders. This additional research revealed the vulnerabilities of migrants in the destination countries and in their home countries, vulnerabilities that would not otherwise have been apparent.
Our research was also directly impacted by the pandemic. We intended to conduct field research in countries such as the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and the Republic of Maldives, with the RMI and FSM serving as countries of “origin” for migration to the United States. In the Maldives, there is a large domestic migration from the atolls to the newly constructed man-made islands. We experienced research and travel limitations due to COVID-19, where many countries have adopted strict isolation policies to prevent the spread of disease. Therefore, we had to conduct our surveys remotely using the Internet or by asking collaborators living in the area to conduct surveys on our behalf.
Our special issue also touches on the issue of the intergenerationality of immigrants in terms of how migrants adapt or assimilate into the receiving society, and how the mass media plays a role in the perceptions of migrants and the perceived problems associated with immigration by host countries. Many opportunities remain for further exploration and research, including how migration has changed in the post-pandemic world. We intend to pursue these opportunities in 2022 and beyond.
A Statistical Shape Model-Based Analysis of Periacetabular Osteotomies
Authors: Kriechling Philipp , Leoty Laura , Fürnstahl Philipp , Rahbani Dana , Zingg Patrick O. , Vlachopoulos Lazaros 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Classic and reverse Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) have been shown to be effective for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (by classic PAO), severe acetabular retroversion (by reverse PAO), and some protrusio acetabuli (by reverse PAO). Especially in severe cases with higher degrees of correction, a relevant overlap between the osteotomized fragment and the pelvis might occur, leading to necessary fragment translation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the necessary translation as a function of the degree of correction using a statistical mean model of the pelvis according to the technique (classic PAO or reverse PAO).

Methods:
A mean statistical shape model of the pelvis and 2 extreme models were used to simulate rotation of the osteotomized fragment during a classic or reverse PAO and to calculate rotations from −20° to 20° in the frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes and a combination thereof. The depth and volume of the intersection between the mobilized fragment and the pelvis were calculated, and the minimum translation of the fragment necessary to avoid segment overlap was determined.

Results:
The maximum intersection distances between the pelvis and the 20° rotated fragment were 6.7 and 15.3 mm for adduction and abduction (frontal plane), 6.4 and 4.5 mm for internal and external rotation (transverse plane), and 27.8 and 9.2 mm for extension and flexion (sagittal plane). The necessary translations for 20° of fragment rotation were 7.0 and 12.8 mm for adduction and abduction (frontal plane), 4.8 and 5.0 mm for internal and external rotation (transverse plane), and 18.5 mm and 8.8 mm for extension and flexion (sagittal plane).

Conclusions:
Acetabular reorientation with the classic or reverse PAO results in translation of the fragment and in a consequent change in the rotational center. This finding is more pronounced with higher degrees of fragment reorientation in abduction and extension; it becomes especially pronounced in reverse PAO for acetabular retroversion or protrusio acetabuli, and might limit the ability to achieve the intended improvement in overall hip biomechanics.
Actividad inhibitoria del extracto etanólico del Cyperus Rotundus procedente de la región de Cajamarca (provincia de Contumazá) en una cepa estandarizada de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175)
Authors: Bazán Aliaga Rosita Belén , Reátegui Arévalo Óscar , Solórzano Espinoza Luz Verónica , Castro Arredondo Juan Antonio , Miranda García Víctor Elmo , Martínez Cadillo Elba Estefanía , Quispe-Salcedo Angela 
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Determinar in vitro la actividad inhibitoria del extracto etanólico del Cyperus rotundus (Contumazá, Cajamarca) frente a una cepa estandarizada de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175TM). Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro, el cual consistió en determinar el efecto inhibitorio de tres concentraciones del extracto etanólico de Cyperus rotundus: 250 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml y 1000 mg/ml frente a Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175TM). Se realizaron 10 pruebas para cada concentración del extracto, y se tuvo como control positivo la clorhexidina al 0,12% y como control negativo, al DMSO al 10%. Para evaluar el efecto inhibitorio, se utilizó el método de difusión en discos o prueba de Kirby-Bauer, y se realizó la lectura de las placas de cultivo a las 48 horas posteriores a la siembra. Resultados: Ninguna de las tres concentraciones del extracto etanólico de Cyperus rotundus presentó efecto inhibitorio para la cepa de Streptococcus mutans; sin embargo, tras el control positivo, la clorhexidina presentó halos de inhibición de 14,43 mm ± 1,23 mm, a las 48 horas de incubación. Conclusiones: Se determinó que el extracto etanólico del Cyperus rotundus no es capaz de inhibir el crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans. Se recomienda profundizar en el análisis químico de los componentes de esta planta y explorar otros metodos de extracción para verificar su acción bacteriostática en otros microorganismos orales y no orales.
Frecuencia y caracterización de la automedicación ante manifestaciones dentales en pacientes que acudieron a　clínicas privadas en Lima en el año 2021
Authors: Arriarán Cisneros Aristides , Becerra Bravo Melissa , Ruiz Ramirez Eliberto 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: La automedicación es la práctica de usar fármacos que no han sido recetados por un profesional de la salud, lo que muchas veces, en vez de ayudar, agrava la salud del paciente. El dolor dental es el principal motivo para la realización de este acto en el área de la odontología. Es importante conocer si los pacientes se automedican para desarrollar estrategias para reducir el mal uso de medicamentos y evitar esta práctica. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y la caracterización de la automedicación en los pacientes que acudan a las tres clínicas odontológicas privadas entre los meses de marzo a julio del 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de tipo transversal cuya muestra fue de 450 pacientes de tres clínicas odontológicas de la ciudad de Lima. El instrumento de evaluación fue un cuestionario de 13 preguntas sobre las principales características de la automedicación. Resultados: El 85,8% de los pacientes consumen medicamentos sin prescripción médica. El 41,5% de los pacientes se automedicaron por prescripciones antiguas realizadas por un odontólogo. El grupo etario que más se automedicó fue el de 26 a 35 años, con un 35,5%. El tipo de dolencia más frecuente fue el dolor dental, con un 45,6%. El grado de instrucción con mayor porcentaje fue el superior universitario completo, con un 32,9%. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de automedicación de los pacientes que acudieron a los tres centros dentales es considerablemente alta.
Ultra-dense hydrogen in small pore hydridic framework
Authors: Oh Hyunchul , Tumanov Nikolay , Ban Voraksmy , Li Xiao , Richter Bo , Hudson Matthew , Brown Craig , Iles Gail , Daemen Luke , Wallacher Dirk , Balderas-Xicohtencatl Rafael , Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal , Cheng Yongqiang , Heere Michael , Hirscher Michael , Jensen Torben , Filinchuk Yaroslav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nanoporous materials have attracted great attention for gas storage, however, high volumetric storage capacity remains still a challenge. Here we investigate a magnesium borohydride framework with small pores and a unique partially negatively-charged non-flat interior for hydrogen and nitrogen uptake using neutron powder diffraction, volumetric gas adsorption, and inelastic neutron scattering. Hydrogen and nitrogen occupy distinctly different adsorption sites in the pores with very different limiting capacities: 2.33 H2 and 0.66 N2 per Mg(BH4)2. Molecular hydrogen is packed extremely dense with about twice the density of liquid hydrogen (144 - 132 g H2/L of pore volume), independently measured by three experimental methods. This study reveals that densely packed hydrogen can be stabilized in small-pore materials at ambient pressures.
A Tale of Two City Parks: A Case Study of Mammalian Wildlife Impacts of Urbanization in Urban Green Spaces
Authors: Stokes David Lawrence , Samuelson Nathan N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Urban green spaces (UGS) have the potential to play an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation. To realize this potential, fine-scale, site-specific, and easily accessible understanding of UGS habitat value is needed, as planning and management of UGS occur primarily at local levels. This camera-trap case study compared mammalian wildlife in two large, Seattle-area UGS, St. Edward State Park (SESP) and Juanita Woodlands Park (JWP). The parks are ecologically similar, but differ in the principal dimensions of urbanization-related habitat impacts: habitat size, fragmentation, and matrix quality, with JWP more heavily urbanized than SESP. Equal sampling effort in two habitat types (riparian forest, 1157 camera-days; upland forest, 1094 camera days) documented greater native mammalian species richness and diversity in SESP in both habitats. Two species, flying squirrel and Townsend’s chipmunk, were detected only at SESP. Species occupancy patterns indicated that bobcat, Douglas squirrel and mountain beaver were more likely to be present in SESP, while raccoon, coyote, and black-tailed deer, as well as six non-native species, did not show consistent differences between parks. The predator community of SESP showed a higher overall level of activity, and differed from JWP in species’ relative prominence. These results show in a straightforward and accessible manner the critical importance of urbanization impacts in determining the capacity of UGS to support wildlife—particularly small species and “urban avoiders”—and the range of habitat value across large UGS as they exist in a metropolitan area. Species we found to be largely restricted to SESP may be tractable indicators of UGS habitat quality in the urbanized Pacific Northwest region, and SESP provides a possible example of a regional reference site for forested UGS habitat quality. Similar studies can produce analogous applied outcomes in urban settings elsewhere.
Evaluating the Value of Vegetation Ecosystem Services in District 16 of Tehran Municipality using the i-Tree Model
Authors: Vahidi Hossein , Mehrian Majid Ramezani , AliHosseini Azadeh , Jalayer Amin , EsfahaniZadeh Mohsen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Awareness of the structure, function, and value of vegetation and green space in cities can improve management decisions related to human health and the condition of the environment. In 2015, an assessment of the vegetation in the Tehran urban vegetation was done. The i-Tree Eco model was used to evaluate data from 36 field plots situated throughout District 16 of Tehran Municipality. This study assimilates the i-Tree Eco model to assess the value of vegetation ecosystem services in D16, one of the greenest areas. Based on public trees managed by the district municipality, eliminated about 67 tons of pollutants in one year. This pollution reduction includes about 5 tons of CO, 13 tons of NO2, 8 tons of O3, 35 tons of PM10, and 15 tons of SO2. Two factors, including tree cover and concentrations of air pollutions, significantly affect air pollution removal. Urban trees have a critical role in mitigating air pollution. However, the limitations and increasing sources of production of pollutants, especially air pollutants, are not the only key to this trouble. Therefore, it is advised to increase the per capita and principled maintenance of public urban green space, along with indicators such as environmental characteristics, adjacent urban structures, street design, climate, and the most important plant species compatible with the region.