bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Telomere Maintenance During Regeneration of Annelids
Authors: Joseph Nithila A. , Chen Chi-Fan , Chen Jiun-Hong , Chen Liuh-Yow 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTelomere shortening is a hallmark of aging and eventually constrains the proliferative capacity of cells. The protocols discussed here are used for monitoring telomeres comprehensively in Aeolosoma viride, a model system for regeneration studies. We present methods for analyzing the activity of telomerase enzyme in regenerating tissue by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, for comparing telomere length between existing tissue and newly regenerated tissue by telomere restriction fragment (TRF) assay, as well as for visualizing telomeres by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
Monitoring Chromatin Regulation in Planarians Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Followed by Sequencing (ChIP-seq)
Authors: Sridhar Divya , Aboobaker Aziz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlanarians are an accessible model system to study animal regeneration and stem cells. Over the last two decades, new molecular techniques have provided us with powerful tools to understand whole-body regeneration and pluripotent adult stem cells specifically. We describe a method for performing Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) on planarian cells that relies on FACS to isolate different cell populations followed by immunoprecipitation and library preparation for next-generation sequencing. Whole-genome profiling of histone modifications enables a greater understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in development, pluripotency, and differentiation. This protocol adds to the growing list of functional genomic approaches to study whole-body regeneration in animals.
Studying Annelida Regeneration in a Novel Model Organism: The Freshwater Aeolosoma viride
Authors: Chen Chiao-Ping , Fok Sheridan Ke-Wing , Chen Cheng-Yi , Hsu Fei-Man , Hsieh Yu-Wen , Chen Jiun-Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAeolosoma viride, a globally distributed freshwater annelid, has a semitransparent appearance with 10 to 12 segments, about 2 to 3 mm in length. It is easy to raise and handle in laboratory conditions. Due to its robust regenerative capacity and applicability of various molecular tools including EdU labeling, whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH), and RNA interference (RNAi), it rises as a promising model for studying whole-body regeneration.
Structuring School Reform Policy with Evidence: The Inter-mediational Role of Knowledge Sources and Arguments
Authors: Hörmann Bernadette , Sivesind Kirsten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCritics have targeted the quality of professional knowledge in policymaking, suggesting that education policy should draw on the best research evidence. This chapter examines the institutional responsiveness to this critique. The authors analyze the use and translation of knowledge sources in Norwegian policy documents on a recent school reform for basic education in Norway. A bibliometric analysis and an in-depth inquiry of the documents reveal the most often co-cited references and their argumentative use as evidence. They conclude that the reports bring together systems of reasoning that in practice are highly differentiated but in policy are aligned with each other. Moreover, evidence serves an inter-mediational role by shaping policy options connecting both policy realms and systems.
The Complexity of Context in Legitimating National School Reforms: The Case of Sweden
Authors: Nordin Andreas , Wahlström Ninni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the use of evidence in legitimating national school reforms in a globalized context. Although international policy knowledge is becoming increasingly important in legitimating national school reforms, the national context still seems to affect whether and how it is used. This chapter draws attention to the selective use of international policy knowledge in domestic policy agendas and the increasingly important role of people and institutions acting as intermediaries in selecting, interpreting, and presenting useful policy knowledge to politicians. By taking the complexity of context seriously, this chapter provides valuable insights into the multidirectional policy process that filters the expert knowledge that is ultimately used by politicians as evidence in legitimating school reforms.
Volunteer Work as an Organizational Task
Authors: Güntert Stefan T. , Wehner Theo , Mieg Harald A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe initial decision to volunteer should be distinguished from the willingness to continue to do so and to show effort. In the process of volunteering, new factors influencing motivation become apparent. The specific nature of the tasks that volunteers undertake, the behavior of the volunteer coordinator, contact with the people who are to benefit from the commitment, cooperation with other volunteers and professional staff of the organization, the reactions of the private environment, and the policies and strategies of the organization as a whole: these factors and many more influence whether volunteers develop a feeling of solidarity during the course of their engagement, and a commitment to the organization.
Einleitung
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDrogentestungen, im Zuge derer Personen, zumeist per biochemischer Analyse, auf das Vorhandensein von Indikatoren des Konsums von Drogen untersucht werden, sei es per Schnelltest oder laborgebundenem Verfahren, bilden in Deutschland seit Anfang/Mitte der 1990er-Jahre zunehmend verbreitete Praktiken, das Drogenkonsumverhalten von Personen zu überprüfen. In dieser Arbeit werden dabei aufgrund ihrer Bedeutsamkeit in quantitativer – gemessen an der Zahl der Anwendungen – und qualitativer Hinsicht primär die Anwendungen von Drogenschnelltests analysiert. Die diskursive wie praktische Veralltäglichung des Drogentestens hat nämlich gerade deshalb stattfinden können, da technische Möglichkeiten – eben jene Drogenschnelltests – entwickelt wurden, die den Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen und die damit verbundenen Sicherheitsgefährdungen rasch, ortsungebunden und kostengünstig erheben zu können versprechen.
Zwei Schlussfolgerungen: Materialitätssensible Diskursanalytik und Soziologie des Testens
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungWas Linde mit dem oben aufgeführten Zitat bereits vor einem halben Jahrhundert konstatierte, hat auch bis heute nicht an Gültigkeit verloren. Im Gegenteil: Aufgrund der zunehmenden Technisierung der Gesellschaft gilt es umso vehementer zu fordern, dass sich soziologische Analysen verstärkt mit den technischen und materialen Verhältnissen sozialer Interaktionen und Wissensbildungsprozessen auseinandersetzen. Dies gilt ebenfalls und gerade auch für die Diskurstheorie und -analyse, in deren Rahmen noch erheblicher Nachholbedarf mit Blick auf die technikgetriebene und materialbedingte Konstruktion diskursiven Wissens und dessen wirklichkeitskonstituierenden Effekte besteht.
SYM on quotients of spheres and complex projective spaces
Authors: Lundin Jim , Ruggeri Lorenzo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We introduce a generic procedure to reduce a supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory along the Hopf fiber of squashed S2r−1 with U(1)r isometry, down to the ℂℙr−1 base. This amounts to fixing a Killing vector v generating a U(1) ⊂ U(1)r rotation and dimensionally reducing either along v or along another direction contained in U(1)r. To perform such reduction we introduce a ℤp quotient freely acting along one of the two fibers. For fixed p the resulting manifolds S2r−1/ℤp ≡ L2r−1(p, ±1) are a higher dimensional generalization of lens spaces. In the large p limit the fiber shrinks and effectively we find theories living on the base manifold. Starting from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM on S3 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SYM on S5 we compute the perturbative partition functions on L2r−1(p, ±1) and, in the large p limit, on ℂℙr−1, respectively for r = 2 and r = 3. We show how the reductions along the two inequivalent fibers give rise to two distinct theories on the base. Reducing along v gives an equivariant version of Donaldson-Witten theory while the other choice leads to a supersymmetric theory closely related to Pestun’s theory on S4. We use our technique to reproduce known results for r = 2 and we provide new results for r = 3. In particular we show how, at large p, the sum over fluxes on ℂℙ2 arises from a sum over flat connections on L5(p, ±1). Finally, for r = 3, we also comment on the factorization of perturbative partition functions on non simply connected manifolds.
“Interaction-Free” Channel Discrimination
Authors: Hasenöhrl Markus , Wolf Michael M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the question of which objects can be discriminated by totally “interaction-free” measurements. To this end, we interpret the Elitzur–Vaidman bomb-tester experiment as a quantum channel discrimination problem and generalize the notion of “interaction-free” measurement to arbitrary quantum channels. Our main result is a necessary and sufficient criterion for when it is possible or impossible to discriminate quantum channels in an “interaction-free” manner (i.e., such that the discrimination error probability and the “interaction” probability can be made arbitrarily small). For the case where our condition holds, we devise an explicit protocol with the property that both probabilities approach zero with an increasing number of channel uses, N. More specifically, the “interaction” probability in our protocol decays as $$\frac{1}{N}$$

1
N

and we show that this rate is the optimal achievable one. Furthermore, our protocol only needs at most one ancillary qubit and might thus be implementable in near-term experiments. For the case where our condition does not hold, we prove an inequality that quantifies the trade-off between the error probability and the “interaction” probability.
Association of gut microbiota with glycaemic traits and incident type 2 diabetes, and modulation by habitual diet: a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Huijun , Gou Wanglong , Su Chang , Du Wenwen , Zhang Jiguo , Miao Zelei , Xiao Congmei , Jiang Zengliang , Wang Zhihong , Fu Yuanqing , Jia Xiaofang , Ouyang Yifei , Jiang Hongru , Huang Feifei , Li Li , Zhang Bing , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The gut microbiome is mainly shaped by diet, and varies across geographical regions. Little is known about the longitudinal association of gut microbiota with glycaemic control. We aimed to identify gut microbiota prospectively associated with glycaemic traits and type 2 diabetes in a geographically diverse population, and examined the cross-sectional association of dietary or lifestyle factors with the identified gut microbiota.

Methods
The China Health and Nutrition Survey is a population-based longitudinal cohort covering 15 provinces/megacities across China. Of the participants in that study, 2772 diabetes-free participants with a gut microbiota profile based on 16S rRNA analysis were included in the present study (age 50.8 ± 12.7 years, mean ± SD). Using a multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects model, we examined the prospective association of gut microbiota with glycaemic traits (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR). We constructed a healthy microbiome index (HMI), and used Poisson regression to examine the relationship between the HMI and incident type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the association of dietary or lifestyle factors with the glycaemic trait-related gut microbiota using a multivariable-adjusted linear regression model.

Results
After follow-up for 3 years, 123 incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified. We identified 25 gut microbial genera positively or inversely associated with glycaemic traits. The newly created HMI (per SD unit) was inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes (risk ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.58, 0.84). Furthermore, we found that several microbial genera that were favourable for the glycaemic trait were consistently associated with healthy dietary habits (higher consumption of vegetable, fruit, fish and nuts).

Conclusions/interpretation
Our results revealed multiple gut microbiota prospectively associated with glycaemic traits and type 2 diabetes in a geographically diverse population, and highlighted the potential of gut microbiota-based diagnosis or therapy for type 2 diabetes.

Data availability
The code for data analysis associated with the current study is available at https://github.com/wenutrition/Microbiota-T2D-CHNS

Graphical abstract
Tensions in transparent urban AI: designing a smart electric vehicle charge point
Authors: Alfrink Kars , Keller Ianus , Doorn Neelke , Kortuem Gerd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) by public actors has led to a push for more transparency. Previous research has conceptualized AI transparency as knowledge that empowers citizens and experts to make informed choices about the use and governance of AI. Conversely, in this paper, we critically examine if transparency-as-knowledge is an appropriate concept for a public realm where private interests intersect with democratic concerns. We conduct a practice-based design research study in which we prototype and evaluate a transparent smart electric vehicle charge point, and investigate experts’ and citizens’ understanding of AI transparency. We find that citizens experience transparency as burdensome; experts hope transparency ensures acceptance, while citizens are mostly indifferent to AI; and with absent means of control, citizens question transparency’s relevance. The tensions we identify suggest transparency cannot be reduced to a product feature, but should be seen as a mediator of debate between experts and citizens.
Probability maps classify ischemic stroke regions more accurately than CT perfusion summary maps
Authors: Peerlings Daan , van Ommen Fasco , Bennink Edwin , Dankbaar Jan W. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Emmer Bart J. , Hoving Jan W. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Marquering Henk A. , de Jong Hugo W. A. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To compare single parameter thresholding with multivariable probabilistic classification of ischemic stroke regions in the analysis of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameter maps.

Methods
Patients were included from two multicenter trials and were divided into two groups based on their modified arterial occlusive lesion grade. CTP parameter maps were generated with three methods—a commercial method (ISP), block-circulant singular value decomposition (bSVD), and non-linear regression (NLR). Follow-up non-contrast CT defined the follow-up infarct region. Conventional thresholds for individual parameter maps were established with a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Probabilistic classification was carried out with a logistic regression model combining the available CTP parameters into a single probability.

Results
A total of 225 CTP data sets were included, divided into a group of 166 patients with successful recanalization and 59 with persistent occlusion. The precision and recall of the CTP parameters were lower individually than when combined into a probability. The median difference [interquartile range] in mL between the estimated and follow-up infarct volume was 29/23/23 [52/50/52] (ISP/bSVD/NLR) for conventional thresholding and was 4/6/11 [31/25/30] (ISP/bSVD/NLR) for the probabilistic classification.

Conclusions
Multivariable probability maps outperform thresholded CTP parameter maps in estimating the infarct lesion as observed on follow-up non-contrast CT. A multivariable probabilistic approach may harmonize the classification of ischemic stroke regions.

Key Points
• Combining CTP parameters with a logistic regression model increases the precision and recall in estimating ischemic stroke regions.
• Volumes following from a probabilistic analysis predict follow-up infarct volumes better than volumes following from a threshold-based analysis.
• A multivariable probabilistic approach may harmonize the classification of ischemic stroke regions.
A Family of Non-Monotonic Toral Mixing Maps
Authors: Myers Hill J. , Sturman R. , Wilson M. C. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe establish the mixing property for a family of Lebesgue measure preserving toral maps composed of two piecewise linear shears, the first of which is non-monotonic. The maps serve as a basic model for the ‘stretching and folding’ action in laminar fluid mixing, in particular flows where boundary conditions give rise to non-monotonic flow profiles. The family can be viewed as the parameter space between two well-known systems, Arnold’s Cat Map and a map due to Cerbelli and Giona, both of which possess finite Markov partitions and straightforward to prove mixing properties. However, no such finite Markov partitions appear to exist for the present family, so establishing mixing properties requires a different approach. In particular, we follow a scheme of Katok and Strelcyn, proving strong mixing properties with respect to the Lebesgue measure on two open parameter spaces. Finally, we comment on the challenges in extending these mixing windows and the potential for using the same approach to prove mixing properties in similar systems.
Can we predict favourable quality of life after surgically treated vertebral osteomyelitis? Analysis of a prospective study
Authors: Yagdiran A. , Otto-Lambertz C. , Sondermann B. , Ernst A. , Jochimsen D. , Sobottke R. , Siewe J. , Eysel P. , Jung N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a severe clinical entity associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several studies have showed that successful treatment of VO patients leads to significantly improved quality of life (QoL). Nevertheless, QoL levels of these patients remained below those of the general population. There are rarely studies focusing on predicting factors for favourable QoL after surgically treated VO. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing positively the QoL of patients undergoing surgery for VO.

Methods
We conducted a prospective monocentric study including surgically treated VO patients from 2008 to 2016. Data were collected before (T0) and 1 year (T1) after surgery. Primary outcome was favourable QoL defined as back pain with disability restricting normal life activity with a cutoff value ≥ 12 on Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Ethics
Ethical approval was given by the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Cologne (09-182).

Results
A total of 119 patients surviving 1 year after surgically treated VO were analysed. Favourable QoL was achieved in 35/119 patients. On multivariate analysis, younger age (hazard ratio = HR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99; p = 0.022), lower albumin (HR: 0.9; 0.83–0.98; p = 0.019) an ASA score ≤ 2 (HR:4.24; 95%CI 1.42–12.68; p = 0.010), and a lower preoperative leg pain on the VAS (HR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.76–0.97; p = 0.018) were identified as independent risk factors for favourable QoL. Interestingly, the absence of neurological deficits was not predictive for a favourable outcome by means of QoL.

Conclusion
One-third of surgically treated VO patients (29%) in our cohort achieved favourable QoL by means of ODI. Our findings can facilitate an estimation of the prognosis when informing the patient before surgery, and underscore that spine disability questionnaires, such as ODI, measuring QoL, are mandatory to evaluate comprehensively the outcome of this entity.
Corticospinal and peripheral responses to heat-induced hypo-hydration: potential physiological mechanisms and implications for neuromuscular function
Authors: Uddin Nasir , Tallent Jamie , Patterson Stephen D. , Goodall Stuart , Waldron Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeat-induced hypo-hydration (hyperosmotic hypovolemia) can reduce prolonged skeletal muscle performance; however, the mechanisms are less well understood and the reported effects on all aspects of neuromuscular function and brief maximal contractions are inconsistent. Historically, a 4–6% reduction of body mass has not been considered to impair muscle function in humans, as determined by muscle torque, membrane excitability and peak power production. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological techniques, such as electromyography, peripheral nerve, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the integrity of the brain-to-muscle pathway can be further investigated. The findings of this review demonstrate that heat-induced hypo-hydration impairs neuromuscular function, particularly during repeated and sustained contractions. Additionally, the mechanisms are separate to those of hyperthermia-induced fatigue and are likely a result of modulations to corticospinal inhibition, increased fibre conduction velocity, pain perception and impaired contractile function. This review also sheds light on the view that hypo-hydration has ‘no effect’ on neuromuscular function during brief maximal voluntary contractions. It is hypothesised that irrespective of unchanged force, compensatory reductions in cortical inhibition are likely to occur, in the attempt of achieving adequate force production. Studies using single-pulse TMS have shown that hypo-hydration can reduce maximal isometric and eccentric force, despite a reduction in cortical inhibition, but the cause of this is currently unclear. Future work should investigate the intracortical inhibitory and excitatory pathways within the brain, to elucidate the role of the central nervous system in force output, following heat-induced hypo-hydration.
Dolichoperoides macalpini (Nicoll, 1914) (Digenea: Dolichoperoididae) infecting venomous snakes (Elapidae) across Australia: molecular characterisation and infection parameters
Authors: Barton Diane P. , Lettoof Damian C. , Fearn Simon , Zhu Xiaocheng , Francis Nidhish , Shamsi Shokoofeh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecimens ofDolichoperoides macalpini(Nicoll, 1914) (Digenea: Dolichoperoididae) were collected from Australian venomous snakes (Elapidae):Notechis scutatusPeters, 1861 andAustrelaps superbus(Günther, 1858) from Tasmania and surrounding islands andN. s. occidentalisGlauert, 1948 from wetlands near Perth, Western Australia. Despite variation in morphological measurements, genetic analysis showed that the one species of digeneans infected the snakes from all locations. This study presents the first DNA sequences forD. macalpini(internal transcribed spacer, 18S, 28S), confirming its placement in a family separate from the Reniferidae and Telorchiidae. Analysis of the infection dynamics of infection in Western Australian snakes showed significant differences in levels of infection between wetland locations, season and year of collection. Infection ofD. macalpiniwas reported in the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, in freshly euthanised snakes in Western Australia, and in the lung in Tasmanian snakes, consistent with earlier reports. Differences in morphology and site of infection are suggested to be due to a combination of season and maturity of the digenean, with infection potentially occurring early in the season, as the snakes emerge from torpor. The need for research on the seasonal dynamics of infection with this parasite is discussed.