bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft tissue phenotype modification predicts gingival margin long‐term (10‐year) stability: Longitudinal analysis of six randomized clinical trials
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Shedden Kerby , Oh Tae‐Ju , Rasperini Giulio , Neiva Rodrigo , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the prognostic value of soft tissue phenotype modification following root coverage procedures for predicting the long‐term (10‐year) behaviour of the gingival margin.Materials and MethodsParticipants from six randomized clinical trials on root coverage procedures at the University of Michigan were re‐invited for a longitudinal evaluation. Clinical measurements were obtained by two calibrated examiners. A data‐driven approach to model selection with Akaike information criterion (AIC) was carried out via multilevel regression analyses and partial regression plotting for changes in the level of the gingival margin over time and interactions with the early (6‐month) results of soft tissue phenotypic modification.ResultsOne‐hundred and fifty‐seven treated sites in 83 patients were re‐assessed at the long‐term recall. AIC‐driven model selection and regression analyses demonstrated that 6‐month keratinized tissue width (KTW) and gingival thickness (GT) influenced the trajectory of the gingival margin similarly in a concave manner; however, GT was the driving determinant that predicted significantly less relapse in the treatments, with stability of the treated gingival margin obtained beyond values of 1.46 mm.ConclusionsAmong a compliant patient cohort, irrespective of the rendered therapy, the presence of at least 1.5 mm KTW and 1.46 mm GT was correlated with the long‐term stability of the gingival margin.
Foreign Investment under the Spotlight of Home Media
Authors: Liu Wai‐Man , Yu Jing , Zhang Bohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examines the informational role of home media for foreign equity investment. Using a large sample of 38 host countries, we document a positive association between U.S. mutual fund ownership in a local stock and the coverage of U.S. major news providers on that stock. In addition to the conventional information dissemination and attention‐grabbing media effects, we provide evidence of a novel home media effect that professional investors tend to entrust their home media in their foreign investments. Our findings help explain the international finance anomaly regarding the dependence of firm returns on home and foreign market factors.
Identification through the Manchester Triage System of the older population at risk of delirium: A case–control study
Authors: Soler‐Sanchis Angela , Martínez‐Arnau Francisco Miguel , Sánchez‐Frutos José , Pérez‐Ros Pilar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the flow charts and discriminators of the Manchester Triage System that are most likely to identify the onset of delirium in older people.BackgroundDelirium is an underdiagnosed geriatric syndrome, and up to 80% of all cases of delirium go undetected in emergency departments. Patient triage seeks to manage clinical risk with a view to safely and appropriately managing patient flows.DesignA case–control study was performed according to the STROBE checklist.SettingThe emergency department of a secondary hospital.ParticipantsOlder adults aged ≥65 years and admitted from 1 January to 31 December 2020.MethodsOlder patients were identified from the emergency department research database. Cases were defined as patients diagnosed with delirium (n = 128), excluding cases of delirium due to alcohol or substance abuse. Controls were randomised from the remaining patients (n = 128).ResultsA total of 29.35% of the subjects admitted to the emergency department were older adults with an incidence of delirium of 0.7%. The flow charts with the highest probability of delirium were ‘unwell adult’ [OR = 3.04 (95%CI:1.82–5.1)] and ‘behaving strangely’ [OR = 16.06 (95%CI:3.72–69.29)], and the discriminators were ‘rapid onset’ [OR = 3.3 (95%CI:1.85–5.88)] and ‘new neurological deficit less than 24 h old’ [OR = 4.76 (95%%CI:1.01–22.5). The area under the curve for ‘unwell adult’ in the presence of dementia, previous stroke and fall in the previous 30 days was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.67–0.79), and that for ‘behaving strangely’ in the presence of diabetes was 0.75 (95%CI: 0.69–0.81).ConclusionsKnowing which flow charts, discriminators and risk factors are most likely to predict delirium allows the identification of the older population at risk for triage screening in emergency departments.Relevance to clinical practiceRisk factors such as diabetes, dementia, previous stroke and recent fall among ‘unwell adult’ or ‘behaving strangely’ triaged older persons should be assessed for the probable presence of delirium.
Physicochemical and sensory properties of biscuits formulated with Tenebrio molitor and Alphitobius diaperinus flours
Authors: Ortolá María Dolores , Martínez‐Catalá Miguel , Yuste Del Carmen Alberto , Castelló María Luisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of insects is considered by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as an alternative source of protein for human and animal food in order to reduce the carbon footprint caused by meat production and to supply the expected population increase with food. In this regard, the aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical aspects (water activity, protein and fat content, size, optical and mechanical properties) of biscuits prepared with two different insect powders (Tenebrio molitor [TM] and Alphitobius diaperinus [AD], in different percentages [0, 13, 17, 20, and 25%]) based on total weight. In addition, the biscuits formulated with the highest insect powder content were subjected to sensory analysis. The results revealed that all the biscuits formulated with insect powders may be labeled as “high in protein” products following Regulation (EC) No. 1924/2006, although they were not as thick as the control biscuits. The L* and b* coordinates were significantly lower when the insect powders were included, which implied a darkening of the biscuits, which were also harder than the control biscuits, regardless the concentration used. According to the sensory analysis, most panelists perceived the biscuits containing insects as too dark and not crunchy enough and an increase in sweetness might improve their acceptability. Finally, further studies should be carried out to analyze the influence of different structural components and flavorings, such as chocolate, in the formulation of biscuits with insect powders to improve their sensory attributes.
Diverse effects of shorter potential unemployment benefit duration on labor market outcomes in Germany
Authors: Petrunyk Inna , Pfeifer Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper explores diverse effects of an unemployment benefit (UB) reform in Germany on labor market outcomes of individuals with health impairment. The reform induced substantial reductions in potential duration of regular UB for older workers, which is exploited in a difference‐in‐differences setting. The results provide evidence for a decrease in days in UB, an increase in days in employment, and an increase in days in unemployment assistance. The effects on UB and employment are smaller and the effects on unemployment assistance are larger for unemployed and non‐employed individuals than for individuals who were employed before medical rehabilitations.
Chromosome‐level genome of Pedinomonas minor (Chlorophyta) unveils adaptations to abiotic stress in a rapidly fluctuating environment
Authors: Xu Yan , Wang Hongli , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Li Linzhou , Liang Hongping , Günther Gerd , Wong Gane Ka‐Shu , Melkonian Barbara , Melkonian Michael , Liu Huan , Wang Sibo 
Published: May 2022

Summary

The Pedinophyceae (Viridiplantae) comprise a class of small uniflagellate algae with a pivotal position in the phylogeny of the Chlorophyta as the sister group of the ‘core chlorophytes’. We present a chromosome‐level genome assembly of the freshwater type species of the class, Pedinomonas minor.

We sequenced the genome using Pacbio, Illumina and Hi‐C technologies, performed comparative analyses of genome and gene family evolution, and analyzed the transcriptome under various abiotic stresses.

Although the genome is relatively small (55 Mb), it shares many traits with core chlorophytes including number of introns and protein‐coding genes, messenger RNA (mRNA) lengths, and abundance of transposable elements. Pedinomonas minor is only bounded by the plasma membrane, thriving in temporary habitats that frequently dry out. Gene family innovations and expansions and transcriptomic responses to abiotic stresses have shed light on adaptations of P. minor to its fluctuating environment. Horizontal gene transfers from bacteria and fungi have possibly contributed to the evolution of some of these traits.

We identified a putative endogenization site of a nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus and hypothesized that endogenous viral elements donated foreign genes to the host genome, their spread enhanced by transposable elements, located at gene boundaries in several of the expanded gene families.
CstMYB14 links ROS signaling, apocarotenoid metabolism, and stress response in Crocus sativus L.
Authors: Hussain Khadim , Kumar Amit , Fayaz Mohd , Misra Prashant , Ashraf Nasheeman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) behave as signaling molecules and induce biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites, including apocarotenoids, which play critical roles in stress tolerance through radical scavenging. However, the mechanism that regulates ROS responsive apocarotenoid metabolism and subsequent stress response is unknown. In this study, an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor (CstMYB14) was identified from Crocus sativus L., which acts as a regulator of apocarotenoid biosynthesis. CstMYB14 expression increases in response to H2O2 in a concentration and time‐dependent manner. CstMYB14 localizes to the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional activator. Over‐expression of CstMYB14 in Crocus stigmas enhanced apocarotenoid biosynthesis. Yeast‐one‐hybrid demonstrated binding of CstMYB14 to promoters of two apocarotenoid pathway genes (phytoene synthase and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2). Nicotiana benthamiana plants overexpressing CstMYB14 showed better growth and higher stress tolerance than wild type plants. Higher antioxidant activity in CstMYB14‐Ox plants indicated that stress tolerance might be due to ROS scavenging. These results establish a molecular link between ROS signaling, apocarotenoid metabolism and stress tolerance. Further, CstMYB14 is shown to act as a key regulator which modulates ROS responsive biosynthesis of apocarotenoids which in turn impart stress tolerance through ROS scavenging.
Barriers in European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) aquaculture: What we know so far?
Authors: Yeap Adam L. K. , de Souza Valente Cecília , Hartnett Finnian , Conneely Ellie‐Ann , Bolton‐Warberg Majbritt , Davies Simon J. , Johnson Mark P. , Wan Alex H. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPalinurids, also known as spiny lobsters, are high‐value seafood, which is economically important for many European and Asian seafood trades. However, the reduction of wild European spiny lobster populations produces a need for developing alternative renewable strategies to meet current and future demands. Aquaculture of spiny lobsters has the potential to become of major economic importance in the coming years with growing markets in Asia, Europe, and America, with Palinurus elephas being a promising candidate species for use in the commercial culture and stock enhancement of natural fisheries. This is due to its shorter larval periods and rapid growth to the critical puerulus stage compared with other spiny lobster species. While we have a basic understanding of the lifecycle and biology of P. elephas, much of this is based on work undertaken on similar species globally. There are many gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed to make its aquaculture viable with appropriate feeds being an immediate issue as well as many other husbandry‐related factors. Previous studies act as a platform providing a baseline for further research and highlighting constraints. Developments in the use of P. elephas are promising due to realistically bridgeable knowledge gaps, the likelihood of producing sustainable food and the high commercial value of spiny lobsters. This review identifies our present state of knowledge and outlines the scope for further research and necessary technological developments to make it a viable contribution towards crustacean aquaculture in Europe.
Classification of Myocardial Blood Flow based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Hierarchical Bayesian Models
Authors: Yang Yalei , Gao Hao , Berry Colin , Carrick David , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Husmeier Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a promising approach to assess microvascular blood flow (perfusion) within the myocardium, and the Fermi microvascular perfusion model is widely applied to extract estimates of the myocardial blood flow (MBF) from DCE-MRI data sets. The classification of myocardial tissues into normal (healthy) and hypoperfused (lesion) regions provides new opportunities for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and for advancing our understanding of the aetiology of this highly prevalent disease. In the present paper, the Fermi model is combined with a hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) and a Markov random fields prior to automate this classification. The proposed model exploits spatial context information to smooth the MBF estimates while sharpening the edges between lesions and healthy tissues. The model parameters are approximately sampled from the posterior distribution with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and we demonstrate that this enables robust classification of myocardial tissue elements based on estimated MBF, along with sound uncertainty quantification. A well-established traditional method, based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) trained with the expectation–maximisation algorithm, is used as a benchmark for comparison.
Survey of iron prescribing practices for post‐partum anaemia
Authors: Iancu Ana‐Maria , Melamed Nir , Lin Yulia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTreatment for postpartum anaemia frequently entails iron supplementation, but questions remain regarding its optimal dosing, frequency, and efficacy. Our objective was to learn about the current prescribing practices of obstetrical providers at multiple hospitals, including indications and regimens used; further, we sought to understand how these practices are learned.MethodsA 10‐question web‐based survey was developed via expert consensus. The survey was distributed via email to obstetrical providers (including trainees) practising at seven hospitals affiliated with the University of Toronto, including from Obstetrics & Gynaecology (OBGYN), Family Practice (FP‐OB) and midwifery.ResultsThe survey was directly sent to 469 participants and 140 responses were collected from the direct email recruitment pool (response rate 30%). Half of respondents were OBGYN physicians. The most common indication was a post‐partum haemoglobin threshold of 90 g/L. Both intravenous and oral formulations were used; the most common oral formulation was ferrous fumarate (77%). Prescribing practices were most commonly shaped using passed‐down knowledge.ConclusionThrough this survey, we have learned about the most common post‐partum iron supplementation indications, formulations and regimens used in both academic and community hospitals in the greater Toronto area. This insight will help inform future studies investigating the efficacy of oral iron supplementation in the treatment of post‐partum anaemia.
Development of the Chinese Haemovigilance Network and reporting of adverse transfusion reactions from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Tian Xue , Kong Yujie , Wang Jue , He Rui , Li Ling , Liu Zhong ,   CHN Collaborators
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo advance blood transfusion safety, the Chinese Haemovigilance Network (CHN) was put into operation in 2018. This report describes the development of the CHN and evaluates its role by analysing reported adverse transfusion reactions (ATRs) from 2018 to 2020.Materials and MethodsAll data in this study were obtained from the CHN online reporting platform. A timeline of CHN development is presented, and the activities of CHN‐enrolled facilities are analysed by year. The reported ATRs were analysed in detail for ATR types, blood components involved and adherence to case definition, severity and imputability criteria. Incidence rates were calculated and compared with international examples.ResultsDuring 2018–2020, a total of 3061 ATRs were reported through the CHN online reporting system. The rate of reported ATRs in all facilities and the 10 highest reporting facilities was 0.7‰ and 1.8‰, respectively. When analysed by year, the incidence rate showed an increasing trend from 2018 to 2020. Allergic (68.2%) and febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reaction (27.1%) were the most common. The vast majority of ATRs (92.0%) were not serious, but serious cases of transfusion‐associated circulatory overload, transfusion‐associated dyspnoea and hypotensive reaction were common. Most (86.0%) of reported cases were definitely or probably associated with transfusion.ConclusionUnder‐reporting of ATRs occurs in many Chinese hospitals, but the establishment of CHN has increased ATR recognition and management. More effort will be needed in the future to detect transfusion problems and improve transfusion practice in China.
Effects of obesity and acute resistance exercise on skeletal muscle angiogenic communication pathways
Authors: Garner Ron T. , Weiss Jessica A. , Nie Yaohui , Sullivan Brian P. , Kargl Christopher K. , Drohan Cathal J. , Kuang Shihuan , Stout Julianne , Gavin Timothy P. 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do obesity and acute resistance exercise alter the regulation of muscle intercellular communication pathways consistent with inadequate compensatory angiogenesis in response to muscle loading present in individuals with obesity?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Obesity is associated with differences in both pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic signalling consistent with lower muscle capillarization. Acute resistance exercise increases the release of skeletal muscle small extracellular vesicles independent of body mass. These results identify new cellular factors associated with impaired angiogenesis in obesity and the positive effects of acute resistance exercise in lean and obese skeletal muscle.
AbstractObesity (OB) impairs cell‐to‐cell communication signalling. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, are released by skeletal muscle and participate in cell‐to‐cell communication, including the regulation of angiogenesis. Resistance exercise (REx) increases muscle fibre size and capillarization. Although obesity increases muscle fibre size, there is an inadequate increase in capillarization such that capillary density is reduced. It was hypothesized that REx‐induced angiogenic signalling and EV biogenesis would be lower with obesity. Sedentary lean (LN) and OB subjects (n = 8 per group) performed three sets of single‐leg knee‐extension REx at 80% of maximum. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 15 min and 3 h postexercise and analysed for angiogenic and EV biogenesis mRNA and protein. In OB subjects, muscle fibre size was ∼20% greater and capillary density with type II fibres ∼25% lower compared with LN subjects (P < 0.001). In response to REx, the increase in VEGF mRNA (pro‐angiogenic) was similar (3‐fold) between groups, while thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) mRNA (anti‐angiogenic) increased ∼2.5‐fold in OB subjects only (P = 0.010). miR‐130a (pro‐angiogenic) was ∼1.4‐fold (P = 0.011) and miR‐503 (anti‐angiogenic) ∼1.8‐fold (P = 0.017) greater in OB compared with LN subjects at all time points. In both groups, acute REx decreased the EV surface protein Alix by ∼50%, consistent with the release of exosomes (P = 0.016). Acute REx appears to induce the release of skeletal muscle small EVs independent of body mass. However, with obesity there is predominantly impaired angiogenic signalling, consistent with inadequate angiogenesis in response to basal muscle hypertrophy.
Electrocardiographic marker of the cardiac action potential triangulation induced by antiarrhythmic drugs in perfused guinea‐pig heart
Authors: Osadchii Oleg E. 
Published: May 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Can the triangular appearance of ventricular action potential, indicating proarrhythmic profile of antiarrhythmic agent, be approximated by specific changes on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
What are the main finding and its importance?
The triangulation of the ventricular action potential seen when antiarrhythmic drugs induce a greater lengthening of the late repolarization compared to the initial repolarization in epicardium is closely approximated by a greater prolongation of the T wave upslope relative to the interval between the J point and the start of the T wave (the JTstart interval) on the ECG. These findings may improve the power of ECG assessments in predicting the drug‐induced arrhythmia resulting from slowed phase 3 repolarization.
AbstractAntiarrhythmic drugs prescribed to treat atrial fibrillation can occasionally precipitate ventricular tachyarrhythmia through a prominent slowing of the phase 3 repolarization. The latter results in the triangular shape of ventricular action potential, indicating high arrhythmic risk. However, clinically, the utility of triangulation assessments for predicting arrhythmia is limited owing to the invasive nature of the ventricular action potential recordings. This study examined whether the triangulation effect can be detected indirectly from electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. Epicardial monophasic action potentials and the ECG were simultaneously recorded in perfused guinea‐pig hearts. With antiarrhythmics (dofetilide, quinidine, procainamide and flecainide), a prolongation of the initial repolarization seen in the action potential recordings was closely approximated by lengthening of the interval between the J point and the start of the T wave (the JTstart interval) on the ECG, whereas a prolongation of the late repolarization was paralleled by widening of the T wave upslope. Dofetilide, quinidine and procainamide induced a prominent slowing of the phase 3 repolarization in epicardium, leading to triangulation of the action potential. These effects were accompanied by a greater prolongation of the T wave upslope compared to the JTstart interval. Flecainide elicited a proportional prolongation of the initial and the late ventricular repolarization, and therefore failed to induce triangulation, based on analysis of both epicardial action potential and ECG profiles. Collectively, these findings suggest that the ratio between the durations of the T wave upslope and the JTstart interval may represent the ECG metric of the ventricular action potential triangulation induced by antiarrhythmic drugs.