bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric‐pressure scanning microprobe matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of Neospora caninum‐infected cell monolayers
Authors: Anschütz Nils H. , Gerbig Stefanie , Ventura Alejandra M. Peter , Silva Liliana M. R. , Larrazabal Camilo , Hermosilla Carlos , Taubert Anja , Spengler Bernhard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of the phylum Alveolata (subphylum Apicomplexa) which has not been studied extensively in a biochemical context. N. caninum is a primary cause of reproductive disorders causing mummification and abortion not only in cattle but also in other small ruminant species resulting in a substantial economic impact on the livestock industry. In canids, which are the final hosts of N. caninum, clinical disease includes neuromuscular symptoms, ataxia, and ascending paralysis. Fatal outcomes of neosporosis have also been reported depending on the host species, age and immune status, however, its zoonotic potential is still uncertain. Therefore, N. caninum should be thoroughly investigated. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS imaging (MSI) were used, combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate these intracellular parasites. The aim of this study was to identify molecular biomarkers for N. caninum tachyzoite‐infected host cells and to further clarify their functions. By atmospheric‐pressure scanning microprobe MALDI MS(I), sections of N. caninum‐infected and non‐infected host cell pellets were examined in order to determine potential markers. In vivo, N. caninum infects different types of nucleated cells, such as endothelial cells which represent a highly immunoreactive cell type. Therefore, primary bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells were here used as a suitable infection system. For comparison, the permanent MARC‐145 cell line was used as an additional, simplified in vitro cell culture model. HPLC‐tandem MS (HPLC‐MS/MS) experiments combined with database search were employed for structural verification of markers. The statistically relevant biomarkers found by MS and identified by HPLC‐MS/MS measurements were partly also found in infected monolayers. Marker signals were imaged in cell layers of N. caninum‐infected and non‐infected host cells at 5 µm lateral resolution.
Investigation of α‐Synuclein and Amyloid‐β(42)‐E22Δ Oligomers Using SiN Nanopore Functionalized with L‐Dopa
Authors: Abrao‐Nemeir Imad , Bentin Jeremy , Meyer Nathan , Janot Jean‐Marc , Torrent Joan , Picaud Fabien , Balme Sebastien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolid‐state nanopores are an emerging technology used as a high‐throughput, label‐free analytical method for the characterization of protein aggregation in an aqueous solution. In this work, we used Levodopamine to coat a silicon nitride nanopore surface that was fabricated through a dielectric breakdown in order to reduce the unspecific adsorption. The coating of inner nanopore wall by investigation of the translocation of heparin. The functionalized nanopore was used to investigate the aggregation of amyloid‐β and α‐synuclein, two biomarkers of degenerative diseases. In the first application, we demonstrate that the α‐synuclein WT is more prone to form dimers than the variant A53T. In the second one, we show for the Aβ(42)‐E22Δ (Osaka mutant) that the addition of Aβ(42)‐WT monomers increases the polymorphism of oligomers, while the incubation with Aβ(42)‐WT fibrils generates larger aggregates.
Holzsperren – Entwurf und Konstruktion
Authors: Suda Jürgen , Krättli Walter , Schwarz Massimiliano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIm vorliegenden Aufsatz wird auf die wichtigsten konstruktiven Vorgaben zur Konstruktion von möglichst dauerhaften Holzsperren eingegangen. Da Holz ein biogener Werkstoff ist, ist beim Entwurf und bei der Ausführung die Problematik des biogenen Holzabbaus zu berücksichtigen. Des Weiteren sind durch Abrasion stark beanspruchte Bereiche leicht austauschbar zu gestalten. Der korrekten Ausgestaltung der Abflusssektion, den Verbindungen des Holzkastens und den Ausfachungen ist besonderes Augenmerk zu schenken. Im Aufsatz sind die dafür relevanten konstruktiven Lösungen aus der Literatur und aus den Ergebnissen eines Expertenseminars zusammengestellt.
Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 decreases polycystic ovary syndrome progression via the modulation of the microRNA‐324‐3p and BRD3 axis
Authors: Wu Le , Tu Zhijian , Bao Ying , Zhai Qi , Jin Lixu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLong noncoding RNA nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is believed to be involved in many gynecological and obstetrics disorders. Nevertheless, the role of NEAT1 in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is scarcely investigated. Our study aimed to investigate the role of NEAT1, microRNA (miR)‐324‐3p, and bromodomain containing 3 (BRD3) in PCOS. First, 80 women with PCOS and 80 healthy (non‐PCOS) women were included, and their serum hormone levels were tested. Next, the PCOS mouse model was established by dehydroepiandrosterone injection, and then NEAT1, miR‐324‐3p, and BRD3 expression levels were detected in the PCOS mice. Lentivirus carrying short hairpin‐NEAT1 or miR‐324‐3p agomir was injected into the PCOS mice to determine the change in biochemical indices and pathology. Moreover, a rescue experiment was conducted, after which, the binding relationships among NEAT1, miR‐324‐3p, and BRD3 were analyzed. NEAT1 and BRD3 were expressed at a high level while miR‐324‐3p was expressed at a low level in women with PCOS and PCOS mice. Reduced levels of NEAT1 or elevated levels of miR‐324‐3p mitigated metabolic disorders and alleviated ovarian pathological changes in PCOS mice. Mechanistically, NEAT1 sponged miR‐324‐3p and miR‐324‐3p targeted BRD3. In the rescue experiment, elevated miR‐324‐3p or reduced BRD3 level reversed the effects of the enhanced NEAT1 on metabolic disorders and ovarian pathological changes in PCOS mice. NEAT1 exacerbates metabolic disorders and ovarian pathological changes in PCOS mice by downregulating miR‐324‐3p and upregulating BRD3. This study gives a novel direction in PCOS treatment.
Effect of low‐temperature plasma treatment on the microbial inactivation and physicochemical properties of the oat grain
Authors: Liu Shuyang , He Ting , Rafique Hamad , Zou Liang , Hu Xinzhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNaked oat grain is easily contaminated by microorganisms, and it needs pretreatment to extend its shelf life. Low‐temperature plasma treatment (LTPT) has the advantages of less energy consumption, safety, and convenience, and its applications in grain include microbial inactivation and flour modification. Therefore, we studied the changes in oat microbes and the physicochemical properties of oats at different plasma treatment times (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min at an output discharge voltage of 60 kV).FindingsThe results demonstrated that LTPT significantly decreased the number of microorganisms with the increase in treatment time, especially at 20 min. LTPT increased the L* and b* values and decreased the a* value of oat flour. Proper treatment time (5–10 min) did not affect the germination rate of the grain. Compared to the control sample, LTPT increased the water‐binding capacity and swelling power of flour and decreased the peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback value. However, LTPT did not change the crystal structure. Besides, by fitting the peak of the amide region in Fourier transfer infrared analysis, it was found that the β‐sheet and α‐helix increased after treatment for 5–10 min.ConclusionsThese results indicated that LTPT (20 min) can effectively reduce the microbial count of oats and proper time treatment (5–10 min) can regulate the function of the flour and improve its quality.Significance and NoveltyLTPT as a new nonheat treatment technology can not only effectively reduce the microbial content of the grain but also improve the quality of the flour, which is a better pretreatment method for oat flour.
Investigation and Modeling of Fluoride Ion Adsorption on an Azospirillum Biofertilizer
Authors: Kulkarni Kavita , Bhogle Jayant , Kulkarni Rahul , Bari Atul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe process of fluoride removal from water using an Azospirillum biofertilizer as adsorbent was modeled. Experiments were performed in a column with varying flow rates and bed depths, at constant initial fluoride concentration. The experimental data obtained from the column studies were correlated employing different models: Thomas, Yoon‐Nelson, Adams‐Bohart, Clark, and BDST (bed depth service time). The Thomas and Yoon‐Nelson models were found most suitable for describing the dynamic adsorption process with respect to key operating variables. Breakthrough curves were obtained from the modeled equations. The calculated and modeled breakthrough curves were in agreement with each other.
A Reversibly Porous Supramolecular Peptide Framework**
Authors: Brightwell Dominic F. , Truccolo Giada , Samanta Kushal , Fenn Elliott J. , Holder Simon J. , Shepherd Helena J. , Hawes Chris S. , Palma Aniello 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ability to use bio‐inspired building blocks in the assembly of novel supramolecular frameworks is at the forefront of an exciting research field. Herein, we present the first polyproline helix to self‐assemble into a reversibly porous, crystalline, supramolecular peptide framework (SPF). This framework is assembled from a short oligoproline, adopting the polyproline II conformation, driven by hydrogen‐bonding and dispersion interactions. Thermal activation, guest‐induced dynamic porosity and enantioselective guest inclusion have been demonstrated for this novel system. The principles of the self‐assembly associated with this SPF will be used as a blueprint allowing for the further development of helical peptide linkers in the rational design of SPFs and metal‐peptide frameworks.
Highly Chemoselective Catalytic Photooxidations by Using Solvent as a Sacrificial Electron Acceptor
Authors: Obertík Róbert , Chudoba Josef , Šturala Jiří , Tarábek Ján , Ludvíková Lucie , Slanina Tomáš , König Burkhard , Cibulka Radek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCatalyst recovery is an integral part of photoredox catalysis. It is often solved by adding another component‐a sacrificial agent‐whose role is to convert the catalyst back into its original oxidation state. However, an additive may cause a side reaction thus decreasing the selectivity and overall efficiency. Herein, we present a novel approach towards chemoselective photooxidation reactions based on suitable solvent‐acetonitrile acting simultaneously as an electron acceptor for catalyst recovery, and on anaerobic conditions. This is allowed by the unique properties of the catalyst, 7,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐5‐deazaflavinium chloride existing in both strongly oxidizing and reducing forms, whose strength is increased by excitation with visible light. Usefulness of this system is demonstrated in chemoselective dehydrogenations of 4‐methoxy‐ and 4‐chlorobenzyl alcohols to aldehydes without over‐oxidation to benzoic acids achieving yields up to 70 %. 4‐Substituted 1‐phenylethanols were oxidized to ketones with yields 80–100 % and, moreover, with yields 31‐98 % in the presence of benzylic methyl group, diphenylmethane or thioanisole which are readily oxidized in the presence of oxygen but these were untouched with our system. Mechanistic studies based on UV‐Vis spectro‐electrochemistry, EPR and time‐resolved spectroscopy measurements showed that the process involving an electron release from an excited deazaflavin radical to acetonitrile under formation of solvated electron is crucial for the catalyst recovery.
Biomolecular Interactions of Cytotoxic Ruthenium Compounds with Thiosemicarbazone or Benzothiazole Schiff Base Chelates
Authors: Maikoo Sanam , Xulu Bheki , Mambanda Allen , Mkhwanazi Ntando , Davison Candace , de la Mare Jo‐Anne , Booysen Irvin Noel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHerein we illustrate the formation and characterization of new paramagnetic ruthenium compounds, trans‐P‐[RuCl(PPh3)2(pmt)]Cl (1) (Hpmt=1‐((pyridin‐2‐yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide), trans‐P‐[RuCl(PPh3)2(tmc)]Cl (2) (Htmc=1‐((thiophen‐2‐yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide) and a diamagnetic ruthenium complex, cis‐Cl, trans‐P‐[RuCl2(PPh3)2(btm)] (3) (btm=2‐((5‐hydroxypentylimino)methyl)benzothiazole). Agarose gel electrophoresis experiments of the metal compounds illustrated dose‐dependent binding to gDNA by 1–3, while methylene blue competition assays suggested that 1 and 2 are also DNA intercalators. Assessment of the effects of the compounds on topoisomerase function indicated that 1–3 are capable of inhibiting topoisomerase I activity in terms of the ability to nick supercoiled plasmid DNA. The cytotoxic activities of the metal complexes were determined against a range of cancer cell lines versus a non‐tumorigenic control cell line, and the complexes were, in general, more cytotoxic towards the cancer cells, displaying IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Time‐dependent stability studies showed that in the presence of strong nucleophilic species (such as DMSO), the chloride co‐ligands of 1–3 are rapidly substituted by the former as proven by the suppression of the substitution reactions in the presence of an excess amount of chloride ions. The metal complexes are significantly stable in both DCM and an aqueous phosphate buffer containing 2 % DMSO.
Construction of Pillar[5]arene‐based Nanochannels with Chiral‐enhanced DNA Translocation Ability
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Fan , Quan Jiaxin , Li Jia , Li Haibing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChirality is an intrinsic feature of nature and plays a crucial role in molecular translocation. However, how chirality affects or even more strongly affects DNA translocation remains largely unknown. Here, a facile and feasible strategy was contributed for the construction of chiral pillar[5]arene‐modified nanochannels (D/L‐Phe‐P5 nanochannels) that can enhance recognition and accelerate DNA translocation. The results showed the L‐Phe‐P5 nanochannel elevated the DNA translocation efficiency by about 6.59‐fold compared to the Mono‐L‐Phe‐P5 channel. Furthermore, the translocation efficiency of the L‐Phe‐P5 nanochannel with multi‐chiral centers was 3.06‐fold higher than that of the D‐Phe‐P5 nanochannel, and this value was 2.25‐fold higher than the ratio of the translocation efficiency between the Mono‐L‐Phe‐P5 channel and Mono‐D‐Phe‐P5 channel. Finally, the theoretical simulation and analysis of the translocation mechanism were performed by COMSOL Multiphysics software. This research not only enriches the basic theory research related to the influence of chirality on DNA translocation, but also has great reference value for the further development of DNA application. More importantly, the chiral amplification strategy could also extend to the selectivity of other chiral biomolecules, which may have potentially far‐reaching implications.
Influence of cooling speed on the physical and mechanical properties of granite in geothermal‐related engineering
Authors: Deng Longchuan , Li Xiaozhao , Wu Yun , Li Fuqing , Huang Zhen , Ji Yukun , Zou Chunjiang , Liu Zuxi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn deep‐earth engineering, the high earth temperature can significantly affect the rock's mechanical properties, especially when the rock is cooled during the construction process. Accordingly, whether the cooling speed affects the mechanical and physical properties of rocks is worth to be investigated. The present study explored the influence of the cooling rate on the physical and chemical properties of granite heated at 25–800 °C. The mechanical and physical properties involved in this study included uniaxial compression strength, peak strain, modulus, P‐wave velocity, mass and volume, the change of which could reflect the sensitivity of granite to the cooling rate. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, microscopic observation, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) are used to analyze the underlying damage mechanism. It is found that more AE signals and large‐scale cracks are accounted for based on the b‐value method when the specimens are cooled by water. Furthermore, the microscopic observation by polarized light microscopy indicates that the density, opening degree, and connectivity of the cracks under water cooling mode are higher than that under natural cooling mode. In addition, the XRD illustrates that there is no obvious change in mineral content and diffraction angle at different temperatures, which confirms that the change of mechanical properties is not related to the chemical properties. The present conclusion can provide a perspective to assess the damage caused by different cooling methods to hot rocks.
Context‐dependency in carnivore co‐occurrence across a multi‐use conservation landscape
Authors: Curveira‐Santos Gonçalo , Gigliotti Laura , Sutherland Chris , Rato Daniela , Santos‐Reis Margarida , Swanepoel Lourens H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarnivore intraguild dynamics depend on a complex interplay of environmental affinities and interspecific interactions. Context‐dependency is commonly expected with varying suites of interacting species and environmental conditions but seldom empirically described. In South Africa, decentralized approaches to conservation and the resulting multi‐tenure conservation landscapes have markedly altered the environmental stage that shapes the structure of local carnivore assemblages. We explored assemblage‐wide patterns of carnivore spatial (residual occupancy probability) and temporal (diel activity overlap) co‐occurrence across three adjacent wildlife‐oriented management contexts—a provincial protected area, a private ecotourism reserve, and commercial game ranches. We found that carnivores were generally distributed independently across space, but existing spatial dependencies were context‐specific. Spatial overlap was most common in the protected area, where species occur at higher relative abundances, and in game ranches, where predator persecution presumably narrows the scope for spatial asymmetries. In the private reserve, spatial co‐occurrence patterns were more heterogeneous but did not follow a dominance hierarchy associated with higher apex predator densities. Pair‐specific variability suggests that subordinate carnivores may alternate between pre‐emptive behavioral strategies and fine‐scale co‐occurrence with dominant competitors. Consistency in species‐pairs diel activity asynchrony suggested that temporal overlap patterns in our study areas mostly depend on species' endogenous clock rather than the local context. Collectively, our research highlights the complexity and context‐dependency of guild‐level implications of current management and conservation paradigms; specifically, the unheeded potential for interventions to influence the local network of carnivore interactions with unknown population‐level and cascading effects.
State of charge estimation of lithium‐ion battery based on extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter techniques
Authors: Priya Rajbala Purnima , R Sanjay , Sakile Rajakumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most widely used energy storage technologies in electric vehicles (EVs) due to their higher power density, greater energy density, longer life, fast charging capabilities, and low discharge rate. The brain of rechargeable batteries is referred to be the battery management system (BMS). The operation of the battery is monitored & regulated by an electronic system called BMS. Most significantly, it prevents the battery from exceeding its safety limits. One of the important parameters of BMS is the state of charge (SOC); it determines the battery's remaining capacity of accessible stored energy, battery lifespan, and cell balancing. As a result, an accurate SOC calculation is essential for BMS, and it is used for safer operations that avoid overcharging and discharging for the optimum battery life. The primary ambition of this article is to find an accurate and robust SOC estimation based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) techniques. RMS error, average error, minimum error, and maximum error are used to compare the EKF method and UKF method. Two resistor‐capacitor (2RC) equivalent circuit model has been considered for the dynamic performance of the battery. The waveforms are displayed, and errors are simulated for SOC estimate using the EKF and UKF algorithms, taking the same initial SOC into consideration at a time. The UKF algorithm outperforms the EKF approach in terms of dynamic results when comparing the two methods.
Carrageenan‐vermiculite‐dimethyl methyl phosphate ternary hybrid hydrogels for firefighting
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Shi Hu , Wang Xin , Song Lei , Hu Yuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn eco‐friendly and bio‐based ternary hybrid hydrogel consisting of carrageenan, vermiculite, and dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP) was prepared through a facile one‐pot method. Rheological tests showed that this ternary hybrid hydrogel was a power‐law fluid. The formulation of the ternary hybrid hydrogel was also screened, and the optimal formulation was found to be the ternary hybrid hydrogel containing 1 wt% carrageenan, 2 wt% DMMP, and 4 wt% vermiculite. Firefighting experiments showed that the ternary hybrid hydrogel could stop the chain reaction and rapidly reduce the temperature of combustion. Compared to water, the extinguishing time of the ternary hybrid hydrogel was shortened by 46.6%, and the volume consumed was reduced by 43.3%. The superior fire extinguishing efficiency of the ternary hybrid hydrogel could be attributed to the combined effect of each component: carrageenan provides viscosity, making the hydrogel firmly cover the burning surface; DMMP works as a free radical scavenger that can stop chain reactions; and vermiculite acts as a barrier layer, which helps to insulate air and heat and prevent resurgence. This work provides an environmentally‐friendly, cost‐effective, and bio‐based hybrid hydrogel for firefighting.