bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Nugget Growth in Aluminum Resistance Spot Welding With Multi-Ring Domed Electrodes: An Experimental Study
Authors: Deng Lin , Lv Tianle , Li Yongbing , Cai Wayne , Haselhuhn Amberlee S. , Carlson Blair E. , Balogh Michael P. , Haddad Daad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys (Al RSW) is known to be very challenging, in part due to the undesirable and hard-to-predict asymmetric growth of the weld nugget. In this paper, two 1.2 mm thick AA6022-T4 aluminum alloy sheets were joined by RSW using multi-ring domed (MRD) electrodes to experimentally investigate the effect of sheet surface condition, electrode surface morphology, electrode material, weld schedule, and electrode tip condition on asymmetric nugget growth, as well as the resulting weld microstructure and coach peel strength. It was found that asymmetric nugget growth was most strongly influenced by sheet surface conditions and electrode materials at the positive polarity electrode side. The asymmetric nuggets exhibited a smaller nugget angle in relation to the faying surface and a wider partially melted zone (PMZ) in the sheet adjacent to the negative electrode which reduced weld mechanical strength and toughness. In addition, the asymmetric nugget growth also caused asymmetric electrode/workpiece interaction.
A Fourier Approach to Kinematic Acquisition of Geometric Constraints of Planar Motion for Practical Mechanism Design
Authors: Li Xiangyun , Lv Hao , Zhao Ping , Lu Qi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the problem of geometric constraint acquisition from a given planar motion task using Fourier descriptor. In the previous work, we established a computational geometric framework for simultaneous type and dimensional synthesis of planar dyads by extracting line or circle constraints from a sequence of task poses. In cases where six or more poses are specified as the desired movement, the resulting optimal constraint may be nowhere in the accuracy neighborhood to be viewed as an approximate line or circle. The approach herein enhances the framework by exploiting Fourier transform to capture the feasible constraint of a continuous motion with a large set of poses. Theoretically, any arbitrary point trajectory on the task motion can be transformed to an array of harmonics and used as a constraint; on a practical level, only those with low number of harmonics could allow accurate realization by simple planar mechanisms suitable for real applications, e.g., four- and six-bar linkages, cams, and coupled serial chains. Therefore, the practical goal is to find the simple Fourier constraint defined with the least number of harmonics. Two examples of designing assistive mechanisms for upper- and lower-limb rehabilitation are provided in the end to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Analysis of Anomalies in Water Hammer Experiments With Partially Open Valves
Authors: Xu Tingyu , Zhang Lei , Ni Weixiang , Zhang Xiaoying , Yu Xiaodong , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the water hammer pressure due to the sudden closure of the partially open valve experimentally and analytically. Because the partially open valve could produce local nonuniform flow, a supplementary Joukowsky's water hammer equation was derived based on the assumption of the local nonuniform flow and the kinetic energy equation. A physical model was set up to measure the maximum water hammer pressure of the first positive wave due to the sudden closure of the partially open valve under different conditions, including various water heads, flow velocities, pipe diameters, and valve types. The results showed that Joukowsky's equation obtained by the momentum theorem in the uniform flow field was applicable to the uniform flow field with the valve fully open. The experimental results of the partially open valve-closure water hammer pressures were 3.5–21% larger than Joukowsky's equation, which consisted of the theoretical analysis of the supplementary Joukowsky's water hammer equation. This phenomenon had repeatability and was unrelated to the water head, the inlet flow velocity, the pipe diameter, and the valve type. This study could guide water hammer protection in hydropower and pump stations.
Fan Stability Enhancement With Partial Casing Treatments
Authors: Oldfield Matthew K. , Castillo Pardo Alejandro , Hall Cesare A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Casing treatments are used to extend the stability margin of fans or compressors. These typically have an axisymmetric arrangement, but for a fan exposed to non-axisymmetric distortion, a casing treatment applied to a fraction of the annulus is of interest to target a particular distortion feature. In this paper, a partial casing treatment has been designed with axial-skewed slots, and an experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the effects of the treatment extent and position. Three inlet conditions were tested for each extent of casing treatment: clean, radial tip-low distortion, and half-annulus tip-low distortion. For axisymmetric inlet conditions, the stall margin and efficiency penalty increased approximately linearly with casing treatment extent. However, for half-annulus tip-low distortion, there was a strong dependence between the position of the casing treatment relative to the distorted sector and the stall margin improvement. If the casing treatment is positioned where the rotor enters the distorted sector, unsteady disturbances in the rotor tip flow are minimized. However, if the rotor meets the casing treatment later in the distorted sector, the disturbances are able to grow, leading to earlier stall inception. Overall, this shows that partial casing treatments can target a distorted flow to give a disproportionately positive impact compared to a full annulus casing treatment. For example, it was found that a 72 deg casing treatment extent could be positioned to achieve over 50% of the full annulus casing treatment stall margin improvement with only 20% of the efficiency penalty.
The Effect of Gas and Surface Temperature on Cold-Side and Hot-Side Turbine Deposition
Authors: Bons Jeffrey P. , Lo Chihsiu , Nied Eric , Han Jiaxuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Deposition studies were conducted using two impingement jet facilities: a 60 m/s cold jet (830–950 K) impinging on a heated Hastelloy-X surface (1033–1255 K) and a 215 m/s hot jet (1450–1625 K) impinging on an uncooled ceramic target or a cooled thermal barrier coated (TBC) surface (1090–1400 K). These can be considered analogs for an internal impingement cooling jet flow and an external nozzle guide vane leading edge flow respectively. Airflows were seeded with 0–10 µm Arizona road dust and deposition accumulated over a period of 5–10 min. Selected tests were completed with other size distributions. Studies were conducted by varying flow temperature at constant surface temperature and vice-versa. For both hot and cold impingement jets, the sensitivity of capture efficiency to fluid (and thus particle) temperature was found to be roughly double the sensitivity to surface temperature. Hot jet tests with three different size distributions of dust (0–5, 0–10, and 5–10 µm) allowed particle size sensitivity to be evaluated. For both target types (ceramic and cooled TBC), the 0–10 µm test dust produced the highest deposition rate of the three size distributions. Possible explanations for the observed behavior are proposed. Companion CFD studies modeling both impinging jets with particle deposition demonstrate that temperature induced variations in particle trajectories alone are not sufficient to explain observed deposition trends with temperature. Implications for the development of a universal sticking model relevant to gas turbine deposition are discussed.
Effect of Temperature and Velocity on Microparticle Erosion/Deposition into Environmental-Barrier-Coated Ceramic Matrix Composite for Aeroengines
Authors: Okita Yoji , Suzuki Masaya , Yamane Takashi , Hasegawa Jun , Mizokami Yosuke , Nakamura Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), especially SiC/SiC, have garnered significant attention owing to their remarkable mechanical properties at higher temperatures. For the protection of the substrate from oxidation, the SiC/SiC CMCs inherently require environmental barrier coating (EBC). Because aeroengines must function under a wide range of conditions and environments, the coated CMC must be sufficiently resistant to various damage modes. Among these, the effect of microparticles is one of the limiting factors for the durability and performance of components, particularly when the engine is operated in dusty areas. The main goal of this experimental research is to investigate and determine the surface damage behavior of the coated CMC caused by micro-sand particles. The data were surveyed across a fairly broad range of exposed temperatures and velocities, and covered conditions relevant to advanced hot section designs. In the experiments, silica or alumina sand entrained in the gas stream was jet-blasted from the nozzle and then impinged on the target CMC + EBC coupon. Owing to the broad testing range, the damage mode and extent of damage varied considerably by condition. The obtained data were then reorganized and compared with several previously proposed particle impact models. This is to first understand and obtain a complete picture of all the probable consequences in the expected design and off-design conditions and, second, to determine the validity of, and deviations from the conventional modeling with the present CMC + EBC material, which will be useful in the next component design phase.
CD39
+
tissue-resident memory CD8
+
T cells with a clonal overlap across compartments mediate antitumor immunity in breast cancer
Authors: Lee Yong Joon , Kim Jee Ye , Jeon Seung Hyuck , Nam Heejin , Jung Jae Hyung , Jeon Minwoo , Kim Eui-Soon , Bae Soong June , Ahn Juneyoung , Yoo Tae-Kyung , Sun Woo Young , Ahn Sung Gwe , Jeong Joon , Park Su-Hyung , Park Woo Chan , Kim Seung Il , Shin Eui-Cheol 
Published: August 2022

Despite being a standard treatment option in breast cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are only efficacious for a subset of patients. To gain a better understanding of the antitumor immune response in breast cancer, we examined the heterogeneity of CD8
+
T cells in tumors, metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs), and peripheral blood from patients with early breast cancer (
n
= 131). Among tissue-resident memory CD8
+
T (T
RM
) cells, including virus- and tumor-specific CD8
+
T cells, CD39 expression was observed in a tumor-specific and exhausted subpopulation in both tumors and mLNs. CD39
+
T
RM
cells from tumors and mLNs exhibited a phenotypic similarity and clonally overlapped with each other. Moreover, tumor or mLN CD39
+
T
RM
cells clonally overlapped with CD39
−
T
RM
and non-T
RM
cells in the same compartment, implying a tissue-specific differentiation process. These inter-subpopulationally overlapping CD39
+
T
RM
clonotypes were frequently detected among effector memory CD8
+
T cells in peripheral blood, suggesting a systemic clonal overlap. CD39
+
T
RM
cell enrichment was heterogeneous among molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which is associated with the different role of antitumor immune responses in each subtype. In vitro blockade of PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 effectively restored proliferation of CD39
+
T
RM
cells and enhanced cytokine production by CD8
+
T cells from tumors or mLNs, particularly in the presence of CD39
+
T
RM
enrichment. This suggests that CD39
+
T
RM
cells have a capacity for functional restoration upon ICI treatment. Thus, our study indicates that CD39
+
T
RM
cells with a clonal overlap across compartments are key players in antitumor immunity in breast cancer.
Clinical procedures used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease: real-world evidence from a Danish nationwide population-based study
Authors: Rasmussen Nathalie Fogh , Green Anders , Allin Kristine Højgaard , Iversen Aske T , Madsen Gunvor Iben , Pedersen Andreas Kristian , Wolff Donna Lykke , Jess Tine , Andersen Vibeke 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveAlthough clinical guidelines exist, the diagnostic work-up for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and varies in clinical practice. This study used real-life data to characterise the current diagnostic procedures used to establish IBD diagnoses in a Danish nationwide setting.DesignPerson-level data on patients diagnosed with IBD between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2018 were linked between Danish health registers. Information on age, sex, registration of other gastrointestinal diseases, and diagnostic procedures (endoscopies, biopsies, and imaging) performed in relation to the first IBD hospital admission was analysed for the total study population and was stratified by IBD type, sex, and age.ResultsThe majority of the 12 871 patients with IBD included underwent endoscopy (84%), had a biopsy taken (84%), and/or underwent imaging procedures (44%). In total, 7.5% of the population (6% for Crohn’s disease and 8% for ulcerative colitis) were diagnosed with IBD despite not undergoing any of these diagnostic procedures. Patients with Crohn’s disease underwent more procedures than patients with ulcerative colitis (94% vs 92%, p<0.001). Children underwent slightly fewer diagnostic procedures than adults (92% vs 93%, p=0.004). Slightly more men underwent at least one procedure than women (92% vs 94%, p<0.001).ConclusionFor 7.5% of patients with IBD, this study did not detect any registrations of the recommended diagnostic procedures for establishing an IBD diagnosis. Further research is needed to examine whether these findings are mainly explained by limitations of the register data or also indicate shortcomings of the general approach to IBD.
To identify the association between dietary vitamin D intake and serum levels and risk or prognostic factors for melanoma-systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Song Yadong , Lu Hongyan , Cheng Yan 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of serum vitamin D levels and dietary intake with melanoma risk and prognostic factors.MethodsTwo independent investigators systematically searched PubMed, Embase and ISI Web of Knowledge (Thomson Scientific Technical Support, New York) databases for eligible studies published between January 1992 and September 2020 using the following combinations of search terms: (vitamin D, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D) AND (melanoma, malignant melanoma, cutaneous melanoma, or cutaneous malignant melanoma). Articles not written in English but with English titles and abstracts were also checked. We obtained the full text of all potentially eligible articles, and reference lists of all studies retrieved at the ﬁrst stage were also checked to identify other eligible papers. Review articles not reporting original data were excluded, but their reference lists were inspected.ResultsSix studies including 212 723 cases reported the association between dietary intake of 25(OH) D serum levels and melanoma risk. The total relative risk for the comparison between the highest and lowest quantiles of the distribution of vitamin D intake was 1.10 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.26) withI2=56%. Another six studies including 12 297 cases evaluated the association between serum vitamin D levels and melanoma risk. The total relative risk for the comparison of serum vitamin D levels between the highest and lowest quantiles was 1.12 (95% CI 0.53 to 2.35) withI2=91%. Four studies with 2105 cases investigated the association between serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) and Breslow thickness, three of which found an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D (nmol/L) and melanoma thickness.ConclusionsVitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D levels were not closely related with melanoma risk, but an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D levels with melanoma thickness was discovered. As the positive correlation between melanoma thickness and melanoma mortality has been recognised, hence it is concluded that a moderate dietary vitamin D supplement to avoid the serum 25(OH)D deficient might be beneficial to the long-term survival of patients with melanoma.
General practice database on mortality in adults on methylphenidate: cohort study
Authors: Stricker Bruno , Cheung Kiki , Verhamme Katia 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesMethylphenidate is a ‘prescription only’ drug against attention disorders which is increasingly used by adults. We investigated whether methylphenidate in adults was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric events such as depression, and suicide attempt and overall mortality.DesignA population-based matched cohort design.SettingThe Integrated Primary Care Information system, a general practitioners (GP) database in the Netherlands with a source population of 2.5 million inhabitants.ParticipantsDuring the study period between 1 June 1996 and 1 January 2018, 8905 adults started methylphenidate and were matched to 10 non-users on sex, age, GP practice and ad prescription date. The total study population consisted of 97 198 participants.Main outcome measuresSerious psychiatric events such as depression and suicide attempts, and overall mortality.AnalysesRisks of development of each event during the use of methylphenidate were expressed as HR with 95% CI, adjusted for relevant confounders with methylphenidate as a time-dependent determinant. Additional adjustment was performed for the intervention (‘intention-to-treat’).ResultsAlthough during follow-up, the unadjusted risks of depression and suicide attempt were strongly increased in users, depression and psychosis became non-significant after adjustment for alcohol-abuse and substance-abuse and psychiatric disease in the medical history and after adjustment for ‘intention-to-treat’. However, the risk of suicide attempts remained significantly increased after full adjustment (HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6), and was highest in women and in participants within the age-group of 18–40 years. The unadjusted risk of overall mortality was strongly increased, but this lowered to a significant 30% risk increase (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) after full adjustment.ConclusionThere is an increased risk of suicide attempts in adults up to 40 years of age after starting methylphenidate and this risk should be carefully considered before prescribing to this group.
Subjective assessments of research domain criteria constructs in addiction and compulsive disorders: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula , Piquet-Pessôa Marcelo , Félix-da-Silva Carina , Mühlbauer Julia Fernandes Eigenheer , de-Salles-Andrade Juliana B , Fontenelle Leonardo F 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionObsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) and disorders due to addictive behaviours (DABs) are prevalent conditions that share behavioural and neurobiological characteristics. The Research Domain Criteria lists a series of constructs whose dysfunctions may be present in both groups of disorders. The present study will describe the research protocol of a scoping review of the literature on self-report scales and questionnaires that tap dysfunctional constructs that underlie OCRDs and DABs.Methods and analysisThis protocol outlines a scoping review on self-report tools and questionnaires that assess OCRDs and DABs-related constructs. The scoping review will select sources in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Web of Science databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be designed according to the Population, Concept, Context, Types of source framework. Two reviewers will screen independently titles, abstracts and full texts to determine the eligibility of articles. A methodological framework including six stages steps ((1) identifying a research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarising and reporting the result) will be used, and the findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Information extracted will be collated, and quantitative results will be presented using descriptive statistics such as percentages, tables, charts and flow diagrams as appropriate.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for conducting this scoping review is not required, as this study will involve secondary analysis of existing literature. The researchers will disseminate the study results via conference presentations and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Scoping review protocol registrationDOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/UJ7G5.
Pathogenic genetic variants identified in Australian families with paediatric cataract
Authors: Jones Johanna L , McComish Bennet J , Staffieri Sandra E , Souzeau Emmanuelle , Kearns Lisa S , Elder James E , Charlesworth Jac C , Mackey David A , Ruddle Jonathan B , Taranath Deepa , Pater John , Casey Theresa , Craig Jamie E , Burdon Kathryn P 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePaediatric (childhood or congenital) cataract is an opacification of the normally clear lens of the eye and has a genetic basis in at least 18% of cases in Australia. This study aimed to replicate clinical gene screening to identify variants likely to be causative of disease in an Australian patient cohort.Methods and analysisSixty-three reported isolated cataract genes were screened for rare coding variants in 37 Australian families using genome sequencing.ResultsDisease-causing variants were confirmed in eight families with variant classification as ‘likely pathogenic’. This included novel variantsPITX3p.(Ter303LeuextTer100),BFSP1p.(Glu375GlyfsTer2), andGJA8p.(Pro189Ser), as well as, previously described variants identified in genesGJA3, GJA8, CRYAA, BFSP1, PITX3, COL4A1andHSF4. Additionally, eight variants of uncertain significance with evidence towards pathogenicity were identified in genes:GJA3, GJA8, LEMD2, PRX, CRYBB1, BFSP2,andMIP.ConclusionThese findings expand the genotype–phenotype correlations of both pathogenic and benign variation in cataract-associated genes. They further emphasise the need to develop additional evidence such as functional assays and variant classification criteria specific to paediatric cataract genes to improve interpretation of variants and molecular diagnosis in patients.