bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated lipolysis and lipophagy in lipid droplets of macrophages from high fat diet‐fed obese mice
Authors: Getiye Yohannes , Rice Tatiana Angel , Phillips Brandon D. , Carrillo Daniel Fidel , He Guanglong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity is associated with lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, dysregulated lipolysis and chronic inflammation. Previously, the caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein 9 (CARD9) has been identified as a potential contributor to obesity‐associated abnormalities including cardiac dysfunction. In the current study, we explored a positive feedback signalling cycle of dysregulated lipolysis, CARD9‐associated inflammation, impaired lipophagy and excessive LD accumulation in sustaining the chronic inflammation associated with obesity. C57BL/6 WT and CARD9−/−mice were fed with normal diet (ND, 12% fat) or a high fat diet (HFD, 45% fat) for 5 months. Staining of LDs from peritoneal macrophages (PMs) revealed a significant increase in the number of cells with LD and the number of LD per cell in the HFD‐fed WT but not CARD9−/−obese mice. Rather, CARD9 KO significantly increased the mean LD size. WT obese mice showed down regulation of lipolytic proteins with increased diacylglycerol (DAG) content, and CARD9 KO normalized DAG with restored lipolytic protein expression. The build‐up of DAG in the WT obese mice is further associated with activation of PKCδ, NF‐κB and p38 MAPK inflammatory signalling in a CARDD9‐dependent manner. Inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) by Atglistatin (Atg) resulted in similar effects as in CARD9−/−mice. Interestingly, CARD9 KO and Atg treatment enhanced lipophagy. In conclusion, HFD feeding likely initiated a positive feedback signalling loop from dysregulated lipolysis, CARD9‐dependent inflammation, impaired lipophagy, to excessive LD accumulation and sustained inflammation. CARD9 KO and Atg treatment protected against the chronic inflammation by interrupting this feedforward cycle.
NGS analysis revealed that Lactococcus garvieae Lg‐Per was Lactococcus petauri in Türkiye
Authors: Altinok Ilhan , Ozturk Rafet Cagri , Ture Mustafa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLactococcus garvieae Lg‐per was originally isolated from rainbow trout cultured in cages located on the Turkish coast of the Black Sea in 2011. A whole genome sequence of Lg‐per was performed in the present study. The complete genome of Lg‐per mapped to the reference genomes of L. garvieae (GCF_000269925.1) and Lactococcus petauri (GCF_014830225.1) had a total of 1,694,407 and 1,945,297 base pairs, respectively. Lg‐per had 1955 protein‐coding genes and 4 rRNA, 46 tRNA and 1 tmRNA operons. The orthoANI value was 98.30% between Lg‐per and L. petauri (GCF_014830225.1) and 93.1% between Lg‐per and L. garvieae (GCF_000269925.1). A phylogenetic tree generated from the whole genome sequences (WGS) of several Lactococcus species found that L. petauri (GCA 002154895) was closely related to the Lg‐per strain with 98% similarity. Although L. garvieae Lg‐per was confirmed as L. garvieae based on phenotypical, biochemical and 16S rRNA sequence, WGS of the Lg‐per strain revealed that Lg‐per was L. petauri. Using a 16S rRNA‐based PCR detection approach, Lg‐per was misdiagnosed as L. garvieae since its 16S rRNA gene was 99.9% similar to that of L. garvieae strains. Consequently, the 16S rRNA‐based PCR detection approach may not be adequate for the identification of the Lactococcus genus. This is the first study to document the presence of L. petauri in Türkiye. L. garvieae isolates should be analysed using WGS since the same issue might occur in other countries.
The plant circadian clock regulates autophagy rhythm through transcription factor LUX ARRHYTHMO
Authors: Yang Ming‐Kang , Zhu Xiao‐Jie , Chen Chu‐Min , Guo Xu , Xu Shu‐Xuan , Xu Ya‐Rou , Du Shen‐Xiu , Xiao Shi , Mueller‐Roeber Bernd , Huang Wei , Chen Liang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway in eukaryotes; it plays a critical role in nutritional stress tolerance. The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeping system that generates biological rhythms to adapt to daily changes in the environment. Accumulating evidence indicates that the circadian clock and autophagy are intimately interwoven in animals. However, the role of the circadian clock in regulating autophagy has been poorly elucidated in plants. Here, we show that autophagy exhibits a robust circadian rhythm in both light/dark cycle (LD) and in constant light (LL) inArabidopsis. However, autophagy rhythm showed a different pattern with a phase‐advance shift and a lower amplitude in LL compared to LD. Moreover, mutation of the transcription factorLUX ARRHYTHMO(LUX) removed autophagy rhythm in LL and led to an enhanced amplitude in LD. LUX represses expression of the core autophagy genesATG2,ATG8a, andATG11by directly binding to their promoters. Phenotypic analysis revealed thatLUXis responsible for improved resistance of plants to carbon starvation, which is dependent on moderate autophagy activity. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis revealed that the autophagy rhythm is ubiquitous in plants. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the LUX‐mediated circadian clock regulates plant autophagy rhythms.
Diversity and function of the fused anuran radioulna
Authors: Keeffe Rachel , Blackburn David C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn tetrapods, fusion between elements of the appendicular skeleton is thought to facilitate rapid movements during running, flying, and jumping. Although such fusion is widespread, frogs stand out because adults of all living species exhibit fusion of the zeugopod elements (radius and ulna, tibia and fibula), regardless of jumping ability or locomotor mode. To better understand what drives the maintenance of limb bone fusion in frogs, we use finite element modeling methods to assess the functional consequences of fusion in the anuran radioulna, the forearm bone of frogs that is important to both locomotion and mating behavior (amplexus). Using CT scans of museum specimens, measurement tools, and mesh‐editing software, we evaluated how different degrees of fusion between the radius and ulna affect the von Mises stress and bending resistance of the radioulna in three loading scenarios: landing, amplexus, and long‐axis loading conditions. We find that the semi‐fused state observed in the radioulna exhibits less von Mises stress and more resistance to bending than unfused or completely fused models in all three scenarios. Our results suggest that radioulna morphology is optimized to minimize von Mises stress across different loading regimes while also minimizing volume. We contextualize our findings in an evaluation of the diversity of anuran radioulnae, which reveals unique, permanent pronation of the radioulna in frogs and substantial variation in wall thickness. This work provides new insight into the functional consequences of limb bone fusion in anuran evolution.
The association between vitamin D levels in the second trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Lingli , Yu Tianxiao , Jiao Ruifen , Fan Xizhenzi , Wang Yafang , Liu Wei , Wang Shaoxiong , Xie Jialiang , Zhao Chuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and aims25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) affects glucose metabolism by increasing insulin secretion and insulin receptor expression. However, whether 25(OH)D deficiency will increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been clearly reported. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between vitamin D levels in the second trimester of pregnancy and the risk of GDM.MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 247 pregnant women came to the fourth hospital of Shijiazhuang (The affiliated obstetrics and gynecology hospital of Hebei Medical University) for obstetrics were investigated during the period of January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The levels of 25(OH)D in the second trimester (16–20 weeks) and oral 75 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy were reviewed. The sociodemographic data were collected from questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between vitamin D levels and GDM.ResultsThe incidence of GDM in the observation group (25(OH)D ≤ 26 ng/ml) was higher than that in the control group (25(OH)D > 26 ng/ml) (p = 0.039). Compared with control group, the observation group had significantly higher level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (4.7 [4.5–5.0] mmol/L vs. 4.6 [4.4–4.8] mmol/L, p = 0.012). In the whole study, the level of 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with FPG (r = − 0.164，p = 0.010). After adjusting for age, pre‐pregnancy BMI, parity and adverse pregnancy history, compared with the observation group (25 (OH) D ≤ 26 ng/ml), the risk of developing GDM decreased by 50.9% in control group (25(OH)D > 26 ng/ml) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.491, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.243–0.989, p = 0.047).ConclusionAdequate vitamin D levels during the second trimester of pregnancy may reduce the risk of GDM.
Comparison of axial and sagittal spinal cord motion measurements in degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Pfender Nikolai , Rosner Jan , Zipser Carl Moritz , Friedl Susanne , Vallotton Kevin , Sutter Reto , Klarhoefer Markus , Schubert Martin , Betz Michael , Spirig José Miguel , Seif Maryam , Hubli Michèle , Freund Patrick , Farshad Mazda , Curt Armin , Hupp Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe timing of decision‐making for a surgical intervention in patients with mild degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is challenging. Spinal cord motion phase contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) measurements can reveal the extent of dynamic mechanical strain on the spinal cord to potentially identify high‐risk patients. This study aims to determine the comparability of axial and sagittal PC‐MRI measurements of spinal cord motion with the prospect of improving the clinical workup.MethodsSixty‐four DCM patients underwent a PC‐MRI scan assessing spinal cord motion. The agreement of axial and sagittal measurements was determined by means of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland‐Altman analyses.ResultsThe comparability of axial and sagittal PC‐MRI measurements was good to excellent at all cervical levels (ICCs motion amplitude: .810‐.940; p < .001). Significant differences between axial and sagittal amplitude values could be found at segments C3 and C4, while its magnitude was low (C3: 0.07 ± 0.19 cm/second; C4: −0.12 ± 0.30 cm/second). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a good agreement between axial and sagittal PC‐MRI scans (coefficients of repeatability: minimum −0.23 cm/second at C2; maximum −0.58 cm/second at C4). Subgroup analysis regarding anatomic conditions (stenotic vs. nonstenotic segments) and different velocity encoding (2 vs. 3 cm/second) showed comparable results.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates good comparability between axial and sagittal spinal cord motion measurements in DCM patients. To this end, axial and sagittal PC‐MRI are both accurate and sensitive in detecting pathologic cord motion. Therefore, such measures could identify high‐risk patients and improve clinical decision‐making (ie, timing of decompression).
Survey of South Carolina Public School Personnel Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators to Regular Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Behaviors in Schools
Authors: Camp‐Spivey Logan J. , Newman Susan D. , Stevens Robert N. , Nichols Michelle 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn South Carolina (SC), 42% of youth are overweight or obese. Two sets of modifiable behaviors contributing to obesity are physical activity (PA) and dietary habits. School‐based interventions have successfully improved these behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify SC public school personnel perspectives on the most common barriers and facilitators to regular PA and healthy eating behaviors in schools.METHODSA needs assessment survey was conducted with school personnel statewide. There were 17 questions on the survey that addressed: (1) demographic information about participants' educational backgrounds, (2) barriers to regular PA and healthy eating behaviors in schools, and (3) facilitators to regular PA and healthy eating behaviors in schools. Univariate and bivariate descriptive statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.RESULTSParticipants (N = 1311) indicated insufficient time for regular PA (n = 514, 39.2%) and limited access to healthy foods for healthy eating (n = 271, 20.7%) as main barriers. The primary facilitators were support from administrators for regular PA (n = 264, 20.1%) and support from cafeteria staff for healthy eating (n = 234, 17.8%). Further analyses explored how factors compared based on roles in schools, academic levels, and school district classifications.CONCLUSIONSResults suggest that overarching barriers and facilitators to school‐based interventions addressing childhood obesity exist, so common strategies to mitigate challenges and maximize supports can be used in schools. Future studies are needed to examine how decreasing barriers and enhancing facilitators affect the implementation and outcomes of these school‐based interventions.
X‐linked myotubular myopathy associated with an MTM1 variant in a Maine coon cat
Authors: Kopke Matthew A. , Shelton G. Diane , Lyons Leslie A. , Wall Meredith J. , Pemberton Sarah , Gedye Kristene R. , Owen Rebecca , Guo Ling T. , Buckley Reuben M. , Valencia Juan A. ,   99 Lives Consortium, Jones Boyd R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the clinical course and diagnostic and genetic findings in a cat with X‐linked myotubular myopathy.Case SummaryA 7‐month‐old male Maine coon was evaluated for progressively worsening gait abnormalities and generalized weakness. Neurolocalization was to the neuromuscular system. Genetic testing for spinal muscular atrophy (LIX1) was negative. Given the progressive nature and suspected poor long‐term prognosis, the owners elected euthanasia. Histopathology of skeletal muscle obtained post‐mortem disclosed numerous rounded atrophic or hypotrophic fibers with internal nuclei or central basophilic staining. Using oxidative reactions mediated by cytochrome C oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase, scattered myofibers were observed to have central dark staining structures and a “ring‐like” appearance. Given the cat's age and clinical history, a congenital myopathy was considered most likely, with the central nuclei and “ring‐like” changes consistent with either centronuclear or myotubular myopathy. Whole genome sequencing identified an underlying missense variant in myotubularin 1 (MTM1), a known candidate gene for X‐linked myotubular myopathy.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case is the first report of X‐linked myotubular myopathy in a cat with an MTM1 missense mutation. Maine coon cat breeders may consider screening for this variant to prevent production of affected cats and to eradicate the variant from the breeding population.
Enhanced inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor production and biofilm development by sublethal concentrations of eugenol and phenyllactic acid
Authors: Shariff M. , Chatterjee M. , Morris S.D. , Paul V. , Vasudevan A.K. , Mohan C.G. , Paul-Prasanth B. , Biswas R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is regulated by its quorum sensing (QS) systems. It has three major QS systems: LasI/R, RhlI/R and PQS/MvfR. Previous studies showed that phenyllactic acid (PLA) binds to RhlR and PqsR and inhibits the Rhl and PQS QS; and eugenol at sublethal concentration inhibits Las and PQS QS systems. Here, we have demonstrated that a combination of sublethal doses of eugenol and PLA enhanced the inhibition of the QS mediated production of the virulence factors and biofilm development of this pathogen. A combination of 50 μmol l−1 eugenol and 0·3 mmol l−1 PLA significantly inhibited the pyocyanin production, protease activity, swarming motility and cytotoxic activities of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1, whereas eugenol and PLA when added individually to PAO1 cultures were less effective in inhibiting its virulence factor expression. Biofilm formation of PAO1 was reduced by 32, 19 and 87% on glass surfaces; and 54, 49 and 93% on catheter surfaces when treated using 50 μmol l−1 eugenol or 0·3 mmol l−1 PLA and their combinations, respectively. The in vitro finding in the reduction of biofilm development was further validated in vivo using a catheter associated medaka fish biofilm model. Our results indicate that a combination of QS inhibitors targeting different QS pathways should be selected while designing therapeutic molecules to achieve maximum QS mediated biofilm inhibition and clinical outcome against P. aeruginosa.
Vibrancy and stillness in talking school discourse: examining embodied talk in a primary classroom
Authors: Kontovourki Stavroula 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper complicates oracy by attending to moments of vibrancy and stillness in a public school classroom, where children were expected to follow particular rules that governed their bodily movement and language use. I argue that children's talk in classrooms cannot be separated from the making of meaning at the intersection of human bodies, materials and immaterial forces, including discourses of schooling and schooled literacy. To do so, I utilise teacher interviews and video‐recorded observations from a second grade classroom in the Republic of Cyprus, and analyse those drawing on an understanding of talk as embodied: as occurring through bodies, as part of and in conjunction with bodily movement, regulated and regulating, and yet not fully determining what being a child‐learner in a classroom means. I present findings from this analysis in three interrelated moves as I connect talk and silence to local classroom rules, to discourses of literacy and schooling that discipline the (talking) body, and to the contingency of embodied talk in a particular classroom event. Τhis multilayered reading provides insights into the ways in which oracy is part of an assemblage that, among others, brings together and pulls apart teachers' and children's talk, institutional discourses, and always already vibrant bodies.
‘Addressing’ language deficit: valuing children's variational repertories
Authors: Hyatt David , Escott Hugh , Bone Robin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence that student contributions via classroom talk (oracy) are subject to social judgements premised on cultural evaluation of accent and dialect, with particular varieties often viewed in deficit terms and pathologised, both within and beyond the classroom. We reflect on a university–community project involving researchers working to support Greythorpe Junior School (‘pseudonymised’) to address the linguistic deficit position that a school inspection report had taken in relation to the use of local varieties of English in Greythorpe. The researchers used socio‐linguistic frames (repertoire, accommodation and discourse attuning) to develop productive strategies for students and the school to take ownership of how to negotiate perspectives that diminish non‐standard accents and dialects. We provide illustrations of the workshop conversations with children and teachers to highlight the sophisticated, lived, metalinguistic understandings of children and teachers in the school, through which this perception of language deficit was ultimately renegotiated. In illustrating this case, we draw into focus the ways in which academic, institutional, socio‐linguistic knowledge is (by its descriptive nature) divorced from context and so is only of use if it can be owned by those who are facing linguistic inequalities.
Meteorite petrology versus genetics: Toward a unified binominal classification
Authors: Jacquet Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current meteorite taxonomy, a result of two centuries of meteorite research and tradition, entangles textural and genetic terms in a less than consistent fashion, with some taxa (like “shergottites”) representing varied lithologies from a single putative parent body while others (like “pallasites”) subsume texturally similar objects of multifarious solar system origins. The familiar concept of “group” as representative of one primary parent body is also difficult to define empirically. It is proposed that the classification becomes explicitly binominal throughout the meteorite spectrum, withclassesreferring to petrographically defined primary rock types, whereasgroupsretain a genetic meaning, but no longer tied to any assumption on the number of represented parent bodies. The classification of a meteorite would thus involve both a class and a group, in a two‐dimensional fashion analogous to the way Van Schmus and Wood decoupled primary and secondary properties in chondrites. Since groups would not substantially differ, at first, from those in current use de facto, the taxonomic treatment of “normal” meteorites, whose class would bring no new information, would hardly change. Yet classes combined with high‐ or low‐level groups would provide a standardized grid to characterize petrographically and/or isotopically unusual or anomalous meteorites—which make up the majority of represented meteorite parent bodies—for example, in relation to the carbonaceous/noncarbonaceous dichotomy. In the longer term, the mergers of genetically related groups, a more systematic treatment of lithology mixtures, and the chondrite/achondrite transition can further simplify the nomenclature.
Natural and anthropogenic landscape factors shape functional connectivity of an ecological specialist in urban Southern California
Authors: Wenner Sarah M. , Murphy Melanie A. , Delaney Kathleen S. , Pauly Gregory B. , Richmond Jonathan Q. , Fisher Robert N. , Robertson Jeanne M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIdentifying how natural (i.e., unaltered by human activity) and anthropogenic landscape variables influence contemporary functional connectivity in terrestrial organisms can elucidate the genetic consequences of environmental change. We examine population genetic structure and functional connectivity among populations of a declining species, the Blainville's horned lizard (Phrynosoma blainvillii), in the urbanized landscape of the Greater Los Angeles Area in Southern California, USA. Using single nucleotide polymorphism data, we assessed genetic structure among populations occurring at the interface of two abutting evolutionary lineages, and at a fine scale among habitat fragments within the heavily urbanized area. Based on the ecology of P. blainvillii, we predicted which environmental variables influence population structure and gene flow and used gravity models to distinguish among hypotheses to best explain population connectivity. Our results show evidence of admixture between two evolutionary lineages and strong population genetic structure across small habitat fragments. We also show that topography, microclimate, and soil and vegetation types are important predictors of functional connectivity, and that anthropogenic disturbance, including recent fire history and urban development, are key factors impacting contemporary population dynamics. Examining how natural and anthropogenic sources of landscape variation affect contemporary population genetics is critical to understanding how to best manage sensitive species in a rapidly changing landscape.