bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EKSEKUSI JAMINAN TAMBAHAN PADA PERJANJIAN KREDIT SURAT KEPUTUSAN PENGANGKATAN JABATAN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA SEBAGAI AGUNAN BANK
Authors: Purwanto R Hari , Noviyanti Rizky Dwi 
Published: January 2022

Kegiatan usaha bank terus mengalami perubahan dan peningkatan. permasalahan yang semakin meningkat menimbulkan tantangan dan resiko yang dihadapi juga semakin besar. Dalam hal ini bank dituntut untuk menyalurkan kredit, salah satunya agunan berupa Surat Keputusan Aparatur Sipil Negara. Guna menunjang pemberian kredit dibutuhkan jaminan tambahan berupa kendaraan bermotor sangat berfungsi memberikan perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi para pihak, khususnya bagi pihak kreditur. Bank pada dasarnya menerima jaminan mempunyai kriteria yaitu dapat dengan mudah dieksekusi dan dapat diikat perjanjian. Akan tetapi, dalam perjanjian kredit perlu diperhatikan perlindungan hukum yang diterima oleh kreditur apabila debitur wanpretasi yaitu dengan mecoverkan asuransi milik pegawai tersebut karena asuransi bertanggungjawab sebagai pengalihan resiko kerugian yang dialami kreditur. Mekanisme eksekusi dalam perjanjian kredit terdapat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia dan Peraturan Kapolri Nomor 8 Tahun 2011 dalam menjalankan eksekusi bank dapat melibatkan pihak yang berwenang agar pelaksanaan eksekusi berjalan sesuai dengan prosedur.Kata kunci : Eksekusi; Perjanjian Kredit; Surat Keputusan Aparatur Sipil NegaraÂ The bank's business activities continue to experience changes and improvements. ever increasing problems pose challenges and the risks faced are also getting bigger. In this case the bank is to channel credit, one of which is collateral in the form of a State Civil Apparatus Decree. Additional guarantees are needed in the form of highly functioning motorized vehicles to provide protection and legal certainty for the parties. The bank basically accepts the guarantee of having criteria namely that it can agreement. However, in the credit agreement, it is necessary to pay attention to the legal protection received by the creditor if the debtor is interpreted, owned by the employee because insurance is responsible for transferring the risk of loss experienced by the creditor. The mechanism of execution in the credit agreement is contained in Law Number 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees and the Regulation of the Chief of the National Police Number 8 of 2011 in carrying out bank executions which can involve the authorities so that the execution runs in accordance with the procedure.Keywords: Execution; Credit Agreement; Decree of State Civil Apparatus;
ASPEK HUKUM PERJANJIAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KLAUSULA EKSONERASI TERHADAP KONSUMEN
Authors: Arkisman Arkisman 
Published: January 2022

Pada akhir-akhir ini memang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh kalangan pedagang/pengusaha kendaraan bermotor sebagai upaya untuk memperlancar pendistribusian barang-barang dagangannya kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Praktek semacam ini ternyata membawa keuntungan baik produsen maupun konsumen. Bagi masyarakat konsumen, disamping dapat memperoleh barang dagangan dengan mudah, juga pembayarannya cukup sederhana, sedangkan bagi pihak produsen akan memperoleh keuntungan berupa kelancaran pemasaran barang-barangnya. Dalam praktek, jual beli kendaraan bermotor secara kredit melalui dealer biasanya sudah dituangkan dalam dokumen perjanjian (menggunakan perjanjian standard). Serta untuk keperluan pembuktian di kemudian hari apabila terjadi hal-hal yang tidak diharapkan. Untuk perjanjian standard ini, Mariam Darus Badrulzaman dalam bukunya yang berjudul pembentukan hukum nasional dan permasalahannya adalah bagaimana kekuatan hukum perjanjian yang menggunakan klausula eksonorasi dapat diseimbangkan dengan perlindungan konsumen.Dalam rumusan perjanjian standard ialah "suatu perjanjian yang isinya dibakukan dan dituangkan dalam bentuk formulir." Istilah perjanjian baku yang disebut oleh Mariam Darus Badrulzaman tersebut untuk menamakan apa yang disebut dengan Standard Contract yang dipakai diluar Indonesia. Metode pendekatan, yang dipergunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah pendekatan normatif (yuridis normatif), artinya â€œsebagai usaha mendekatkan masalah yang di teliti dengan sifat hukum yang normatif.â€ Dalam kaitan penulisan ini pendekatan masalahnya yaitu dengan mempelajari dan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada hubungannya dengan masalah yang diteliti. ketentuan hukum mengenai perjanjian jual beli dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata. Pengaruh klausula eksenorasi dalam pelaksanaan jual beli secara kredit dengan konsumen. Klausula Eksonerasi (Exemption Clause) adalah klausul yang mengandung kondisi membatasi atau bahkan menghapus sama sekali tanggung jawab yang semestinya dibebankan kepada dua pihak, akan tetapi dibebankan hanya kepada pembeli secara kredit saja. Dengan adanya perjanjian kredit maka hal tersebut identik dengan perjanjian pinjam meminjam dan dikuasai oleh ketentuan Bab XIII dari Buku III KUH Perdata. Yang berhubungan dengan konsumen pada UU Perlindungan Konsumen yang memakai istilah â€œpemakaiâ€ yang dapat menimbulkan kesan bahwa barang dan/atau jasa yang sudah dibeli dari pelaku usaha tersebut belum menjadi miliknya pribadi.Â Kata Kunci: Aspek Hukum, Perjanjian, Klausula Eksonerasi, konsumen
STATUS PEMBANTU PEGAWAI PENCATAT PERKAWINAN (P4) PADA KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (KUA) KECAMATAN SUMBERREJO KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO PASCA DITERBITKANNYA PERATURAN MENTERI AGAMA NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN
Authors: Purwanto Gunawan Hadi , Mansur Mochamad 
Published: January 2022

Dalam rangka menjamin dan memberikan kepastian hukum dalam perkawinan maka sebagaimana Pasal 2 ayat (2) UU Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan mengatur: Tiap-tiap perkawinan dicatat menurut peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Petugas yang diberikan kewenangan berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Agama Nomor 19 Tahun 2018 tentang Pencatatan Perkawinan adalah Penghulu yang merupakan pegawai negeri sipil sebagai pegawai pencatat perkawinan. Dalam melaksanakan pencatatatan perkawinan tersebut Penghulu dapat dibantu oleh Pembantu Pegawai Pencatat Perkawinan (P4) yaitu anggota masyarakat yang diangkat oleh kepala kantor kementerian agama kabupaten/kota untuk membantu tugas penghulu. Perubahan yang terbesar terjadi sejak terbitnya surat edaran Kementerian Agama Nomor Kw.06.02/1/kp.01/160/2015 Tentang Pelaksanaan Instruksi Direktorat Jenderal Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam Nomor DJ.II/I Tahun 2015 tentang Pengangkatan Pembantu Pegawai Pencatat NIkah (P3N atau P4) tanggal 26 Januari 2015 menginstruksikan penghapusan tugas P4 dan segala urusan pernikahan diserahkan sepenuhnya menjadi tanggung jawab KUA. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Yuridis-Sosiologis, artinya sebuah penelitian yang berbasis pada ilmu hukum normatif, tetapi mengkaji mengenai sistem norma dalam aturan perundangan, namun mengamati bagaimana reaksi dan interaksi yang terjadi ketika sistem norma itu bekerja di dalam masyarakat. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pada status dan kedudukan hukum Pegawai Pembantu Pencatat Perkawinan (P4) di wilayah Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro dan menganalisis status dan kedudukan hukum yang ingin didapatkan oleh Pegawai Pembantu Pencatat Perkawinan (P4) di wilayah Kantor Urusan Agama Kecamatan Sumberrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro.Â Kata Kunci: Status, Pencatatan Perkawinan, Pembantu Pegawai Pencatat Perkawinan
KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK YANG BELUM BERUSIA 17 TAHUN
Authors: Effendi Prihatin , Syaputri Niâ€™mathus 
Published: January 2022

Banyaknya kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan anak dibawah umur dan mengakibatkan hilangnya nyawa maupun harta benda seseorang menimbulkan keresahanÂ terhadap pengguna jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertanggungjawaban hukum terhadap anak yang belum berusia 17 tahun sebagai pelaku kecelakaan lalu lintas dan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum pidana bagi anak yang belum berusia 17 tahun sebagai pelaku kecelakaan lalu lintas. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum diperoleh dari Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan, dan Peraturan Pemerintahan No. 43 Tahun 1993 tentang Prasarana Jalan Raya dan Lalu Lintas. Pengaturan hukum tindak pidana kecelakaan lalu lintas hingga mengakibatkan hilangnya nyawa korban diatur dalam Pasal 310 ayatÂ (4) yakni paling lama pidana penjala selama 6 tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 12.000.000,- dan Pelaksanaan perlindungan anak didasarkan pada Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 Pasal 28B dan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya yang berlaku.Â Kata Kunci : Kecelakaan, Lalu Lintas, Anak di bawah umur 17 Tahun
Comparative Approach of the Antibiotics Susceptibility of some Bacterial Strains Concurrently Isolated from Raw Milk and Cattle Feed (Water and Fodder) from some Farms in the West Region of Cameroon (Central Africa)
Authors: Bahebeck P. Ngo , Metsopkeng C. S. , Eheth J. S. , Arfao A. Tamsa , Njoya A. Manouore , Yogne Y. Poutoum , Tamekou S. Lacmata , Pougue H. Bayemi , Noah Ewoti O. V. , Moungang L. M. , Nana P. A. , Masseret E. , Sime-Ngando T. , Nola M. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Foodborne resistant bacteria have become a challenge to food security. Milk and milk products are easy vectors of transmission of foodborne pathogens, these being the main sources of human infection by antimicrobial resistant pathogens. The present study aimed at making a comparative approach of the antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of 3 bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp.) isolated from milk, drinking water and green fodder consumed by cows in the West Cameroon region (Central Africa).
Methodology: A total of 48 raw milk samples, 48 water samples and 48 green fodder samples were collected during the year 2020 and subjected to culture and identification of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Brucella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the antibiotic disc diffusion method.
Results: Escherichia coli isolates showed high resistance (56-100%) to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in all three samples. Salmonella spp. isolates showed resistance to ampicillin only (62, 67 and 67%). Brucella spp. strains isolated from raw milk and drinking water showed high sensitivity (78-100%) to azithromycin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline. Antibiotic sensitivity/resistance to Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. strains largely did not differ between samples (P>0.05). No difference in sensitivity/resistance (P>0.05) of Brucella spp. strains isolated from milk and water was observed with respect to the 10 antibiotics tested.
Conclusions: The emergence of resistance to various antibiotics commonly used in medical and veterinary practices has important implications for public health. It seems necessary to strengthen of the regulations covering the sale and prescription of antibiotics.
Effects of Bilateral Ovariectomy (OVX) on Thermoregulation and Blood Constituents in Adult Nubian Goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Saeed Initisar Hassan , Mohamed Abdelatif Abdalla , Alameen Ahmed Omer 
Published: January 2022

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the effects of bilateral surgical ovariectomy on thermoregulation and blood constituents in adult Nubian goats.
Materials and Methods: Twenty female goats were randomly assigned into 2 groups, group A served as control and group B was subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) by standard surgical method and monitored for 4 weeks. The effect of OVX on rectal temperature (Tr), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), body weight (BW) and blood components were investigated. The data were analyzed using an independent sample T-test.
Results: In OVX group, both Tr and RR decreased during the experimental period. Tr decreased (p<0.05) at week 4 and (HR) (p<0.01) increased at week 2 in OVX group. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBCs) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) declined (p<0.05) in OVX group at week 1. Also, in OVX group, the total leukocyte count (TLC) increased (p<0.01) at week 1 and neutrophils ratio (p<0.05) at week 2. Both total protein and albumin levels in OVX group were decreased significantly (p<0.01) in weeks 1 and 2. Glucose level increased (p<0.001) at week 1 in OVX group. The serum levels of urea, GOT and GPT of OVX group were relatively higher compared with control group values.
Conclusions: The study concluded that ovariectomy induced variable effects on thermoregulation, haematological and serum biochemical parameters in adult Nubian goats .
A New Trivariate Semicopula Using Rüschendorf Method
Authors: Abd EL-Monsef M. M. E. , Seyam M. M. , Elsobky S. M. 
Published: January 2022

In this paper we have introduced semicopula function by using Rüschendorf method, semicopula which is related to correlation between one or more random variables and this way is more flexible than traditional correlation approaches and dependency among variables. Every semicopula has density associated with it, which is similar to the probability density of a multivariate distribution. Our purpose is developing a new trivariate semicopula under conditions which is a trivariate cumulative distribution with uniform marginal distribution on the interval [0,1]. In order to choose a random function under specific conditions, we rely on utilizing Rüschendorf method. As a result, we will discuss that in this paper. In this theme we select an arbitrary trivariate function which adopts the Rüschendorf conditions to acquire anew function; which supposed to be a density of copula with dependence parameter. According to the evidence, we have got a semicopula function. Therefore, we can say that a semicopula is a copula function despite of missing increasing property.
Induction of Extracellular Lytic Enzymes from Aureobasidium pullulans
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Adriana , Gómez Monica Banda , Cárdenas González Juan Fernando , Martínez Juárez Víctor Manuel , Domínguez Erika Enriquez , Tovar Oviedo Juana , Contreras Briones Dalila , Acosta Rodríguez Ismael 
Published: January 2022

Aims: The objective of this work was to analyze the production of some extracellular lytic enzymes of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans.
Methodology: The fungus was isolated from Valencian orange and was cultivated on Mathur medium modified with polygalacturonic acid (2% w/v) or xylan (2% w/v) as a carbon source, and they were incubated at 28°C, with constant stirring at 100 rpm, and at different times, the supernatant was harvested by filtration, and the extracellular lytic activity was determined by the Nelson method modified by Somogy, as well as the extracellular protein by the Lowry method.
Results: The production of extracellular polygalacturonase and xylanase was induced, finding that the former has an optimal induction time at 7 days, with glutamic acid as a nitrogen source, and is stable at 4°C and 28°C and an optimal temperature and activity times of 60-80°C and 4 hours, while xylanase presents an optimal induction time of 9 days, with glutamic acid as nitrogen source, and very stable at 4 and 28°C, with optimal temperature and time of activity of 28°C and 8 hours.
Conclusion: The fungus exhibits both polygalacturonase and xylanase activity. The polygalacturonase activity has a maximum induction time at 7 days, while xylanase has an optimal induction time at 9 days of incubation at 28°C. The xylanase activity was very stable at 4°C and 28°C, as it retains an activity of 100% at both temperatures after five days of incubation, while polygalacturonase retains 82.5% of its initial activity at 4°C, and 56.7% at 28°C.
Induction of Embryogenic Callus in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) by Cotyledon, Nucellus and Testa with Antioxidants Effect
Authors: S. A. Akakpo Bénédicte , Anani Houngue Jerome , T. Badou Bienvenu , S. Houédjissin Serge , Todjro Cacaï Gilles Habib , Dossou Joseph , Ahanhanzo Corneille 
Published: January 2022

Aims: This work aims to evaluate the influence of different growth regulators combined with antioxidants on the induction of callus with different explants in cashew.
Materials and Methods: Nucellar tissues, cotyledons and testa from elite tree nuts are cultured on media that differ in their concentration of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP: 0 mg/l; 0.25 mg/l; 0.5 mg/l) and Acid 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D: 0 mg/l; 0.8 mg/l). Therefore, for the control of the browning of the explants, the effect of activated charcoal and polyvinylpyrrolidone was tested. The amount of callus formed is evaluated after 28 days and after 90 days by simple observation according to a given scale.
Results: Analysis of variance of callus formation 28 days after the culture of explants shows that the interaction between growth regulators and antioxidants significantly influences (p < 0.05) the induction of callus. The combination BAP 0.25mg/l and 2,4-D 0.8mg/l produces on average more callus (0.47 ± 0.00). There is a very significant difference (P < 0.05 to p<0.001) in the effect of growth regulators and antioxidants on obtaining callus after 90 days of cultivation. The 0.25 mg/l combination of BAP and 0.8 mg/l of 2,4-D still appears to be the best combination of growth regulators for callus with 58% of callus formed. Cotyledons in the presence of PVP respond better than activated charcoal. The nucellus are the explants that respond better in the presence of activated charcoal. The test for Least Significant Difference reveals that PVP significantly promotes (p <0.05) the production of a large number of calli (77%) unlike activated charcoal (9%) after 90 days of culture.
Conclusion: Summary, for obtaining viable and embryogenic callus in cashew, the combination of BAP at 0.25 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L of 2,4-D is the best and this in the presence of PVP with cotyledons.
Prevalence and Factors Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Xo Dang Patients at Kon Tum General Hospital, Vietnam
Authors: Loi Le Huu , Anh Dinh Thi Van , Thieu Nguyen Quang , Loi Cao Ba , Hung Nguyen Trong , Huong Phan 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder and different ethnicities may have different prevalence and related fators. MetS is associated with many chronic diseases and there is a great need for research on MetS in different ethnic groups, especially the communities of ethnic minorities.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and some factors related to MetS among Xo Dang, an ethnic minority group at Kon Tum province.
Methods: diagnosis of Mets according to IDF/AHA consensus, comparing the characteristics of 261 patients of Xo Dang with 561 patients of Kinh ethnicity.
Results: The rates of habits related to MetS among Xo Dang ethnicity were all higher than 50% and not different from those of Kinh ethnicity. The mean values ​​of waist circumference, maximum and minimum blood pressure, levels of glucose, triglyceride, and HDL-C levels in the blood of the Xo Dang were not significantly different from those of the Kinh ethnicity. The levels of disorders among Xo Dang ethnicity in descending order were increased triglycerides (71.26%), hyperglycemia (42.53%), hypertension (38.31%), increased waist circumference (36.02%), and low HDL-C (26.82%). The rate of increasing waist circumference and the prevalence of MetS in the Xo Dang people was higher than that of the Kinh ethnicity. Xo Dang persons who were female had a higher risk of developing MetS. Smoking was associated with MetS among Kinh ethnicity, however, was not with Xo Dang ethnicity.
Conclusion: It seems that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of Xo Dang people was higher than that Kinh people and the rate of habits related to metabolic syndrome in the Xo Dang people was high.
A Comparative Study of the Effect of Propofol and Etomidate as an Induction Agent on Haemodynamic Changes during Induction and Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Shah Bhavini , Birajdar Shweta 
Published: January 2022

Aims: Presently Propofol and Etomidate are popular as rapid acting inducing agents. Due to reflex sympathetic stimulation, direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation typically cause a cardiovascular stress response characterized by hypertension and tachycardia. This study is conducted to compare the effects of these two drugs on hemodynamic responses during induction and endotracheal intubation, to compare time of induction to choose the better induction agent and to study adverse effects of the two drugs, if any.
Study Design: Prospective double blind study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of anaesthesiology Dr D.Y Patil medical college hospital and research centre Pimpri Pune Duration -Sept.2018 -sept 2021.
Methodology: This is prospective randomized double-blind study. 60 ASA I and II patients randomly divided into two groups group P and group E of 30 each of either sex in age group of 18-65 years posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Group P: (n-30) received 2.5mg/kg Propofol and Group E:(n-30) received 0.3mg/kg Etomidate for induction. vital parameters such as HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, and SPO2 recorded at baseline (T0), before induction (T1), after induction (T2), during laryngoscopy (T3 ) ,after intubation at 1min, 2min, 3min, 5min and at 10 min. Time of induction was taken as period between time of start of study drug till loss of eyelash reflex
Conclusion: Induction time between the two study groups was statistically insignificant. (p>0.05) The fall in heart rate at post induction (T2), at 1 min, 2 min after intubation in Group P as compared to Group E was statistically significant, fall in SBP, DBP and MAP at post induction (T2), at 1 min, 2 min, 3 min and 5 min after intubation in Group P as compared to Group E was statistically significant. Pain on injection was more with propofol. However, myoclonus was more with etomidate.