bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing cosmology and gastrophysics with fast radio bursts: cross-correlations of dark matter haloes and cosmic dispersion measures
Authors: Shirasaki Masato , Takahashi Ryuichi , Osato Ken , Ioka Kunihito 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
For future surveys of fast radio bursts (FRBs), we clarify information available from cosmic dispersion measures (DMs) through cross-correlation analyses of foreground dark matter haloes (hosting galaxies and galaxy clusters) with their known redshifts. With a halo-model approach, we predict that the cross-correlation with cluster-sized haloes is less affected by the details of gastrophysics, providing robust cosmological information. For less massive haloes, the cross-correlation at angular scales of ${\lt} 10\, \mathrm{arcmin}$ is sensitive to gas expelled from the halo centre due to galactic feedback. Assuming 20 000 FRBs over $20\,000 \, {\rm deg}^2$ with a localization error being 3 arcmin, we expect that the cross-correlation signal at halo masses of 1012–$10^{14}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ can be measured with a level of ${\sim} 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ precision in a redshift range of 0 &lt; z &lt; 1. Such precise measurements enable one to put a 1.5 per cent level constraint on $\sigma _8\, (\Omega _\mathrm{M}/0.3)^{0.5}$ and a 3 per cent level constraint on (Ωb/0.049)(h/0.67)(fe/0.95) (σ8, ΩM, Ωb, h, and fe are the linear mass variance smoothed at $8\, h^{-1}\mathrm{\,Mpc}$, mean mass density, mean baryon density, the present-day Hubble parameter, and fraction of free electrons in cosmic baryons today, respectively), whereas the gas-to-halo mass relation in galaxies and clusters can be constrained with a level of $10$–$20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Furthermore the cross-correlation analyses can break the degeneracy among Ωb, h, and fe, inherent in the DM–redshift relation. Our proposal opens new possibilities for FRB cosmology, while it requires extensive galaxy redshift catalogues and further improvement of the halo model.
The peculiar chemical abundance of the transitional millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038 – Li enhancement
Authors: Shahbaz T , González-Hernández J I , Breton R P , Kennedy M R , Sánchez D Mata , Linares M 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Using high-resolution optical spectroscopy we determine the chemical abundance of the secondary star in the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1023+0038. We measure a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.48 ± 0.04 which is higher than the Solar value and in general find that the element abundances are different compared to the secondary stars in X-ray binaries and stars in the solar neighbourhood of similar Fe content. Our results suggest that the pulsar was formed in a supernova explosion. We find that supernova models, where matter that has been processed in the supernova is captured by the secondary star leading to abundance anomalies, qualitatively agree with the observations. We measure Li abundance of A(Li) = 3.66 ± 0.20, which is anomalously high compared to the Li abundance of stars with the same effective temperature, irrespective of the age of the system. Furthermore, the Li abundance in PSR J1023+0038 is higher than the Cosmic value and what is observed in young Population I stars and so provides unambiguous evidence for fresh Li production. The most likely explanation is the interaction of high-energy gamma-rays or relativistic protons from the pulsar wind or intrabinary shock with the CNO nuclei in the secondary star’s atmosphere via spallation which leads to substantial Li enrichment in the secondary star’s atmosphere.
CRISPR/Cas13 effectors have differing extents of off-target effects that limit their utility in eukaryotic cells
Authors: Ai Yuxi , Liang Dongming , Wilusz Jeremy E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas13 effectors have garnered increasing attention as easily customizable tools for detecting and depleting RNAs of interest. Near perfect complementarity between a target RNA and the Cas13-associated guide RNA is required for activation of Cas13 ribonuclease activity. Nonetheless, the specificity of Cas13 effectors in eukaryotic cells has been debated as the Cas13 nuclease domains can be exposed on the enzyme surface, providing the potential for promiscuous cleavage of nearby RNAs (so-called collateral damage). Here, using co-transfection assays in Drosophila and human cells, we found that the off-target effects of RxCas13d, a commonly used Cas13 effector, can be as strong as the level of on-target RNA knockdown. The extent of off-target effects is positively correlated with target RNA expression levels, and collateral damage can be observed even after reducing RxCas13d/guide RNA levels. The PspCas13b effector showed improved specificity and, unlike RxCas13d, can be used to deplete a Drosophila circular RNA without affecting the expression of the associated linear RNA. PspCas13b nonetheless still can have off-target effects and we notably found that the extent of off-target effects for Cas13 effectors differs depending on the cell type and target RNA examined. In total, these results highlight the need for caution when designing and interpreting Cas13-based knockdown experiments.
Mixed-species flocking is associated with low arthropod detectability and increased foraging efficiency by Yungas forest birds in Argentina
Authors: Mangini Giselle , Mokross Karl , Gandoy Facundo , Areta Juan Ignacio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMixed-species flocks presumably provide birds with antipredator and foraging benefits. The foraging benefits hypothesis predicts that a reduction in arthropod abundance will trigger flocking activity; however, flocking activity may also be influenced by the difficulty of detecting arthropods, a seldom explored possibility. We found that environmental traits (temperature and foliage density) combined with arthropod abundance explained arthropod detection by birds in the Yungas foothill forest of NW Argentina. Prey detection was inversely related to ambient temperature and foliage density while positively associated with arthropod abundance. Based on this result, we built a structural equation model using a latent proxy variable for arthropod detectability, arthropod crypsis, integrating ambient temperature, foliage density, and proportion of immature arthropods. This model allowed us to compare the relative importance of arthropod abundance and the difficulty in detecting prey items as predictors of flocking propensity. After 2 yr of studying 129 mixed-species flocks, 1,351 bird foraging sequences, and 25,591 arthropod captures, we found that the flocking propensity of birds was only significantly correlated with arthropod detectability and not with arthropod abundance. Flocking propensity peaked when the arthropod community was comprised of proportionately more immature and non-flying arthropods, the temperature was low, and the foliage cover was denser; all factors are contributing to a low arthropod detectability. Finally, we evaluated whether joining mixed-species flocks provided foraging benefits such as increased foraging efficiency. Individuals benefited from joining flocks by an average increase of their prey-capture attempt rate of 40%, while the search rate increased by 16%. Our results add a new perspective on the drivers of mixed-species flocking by showing that the capacity to find prey items may have a more significant effect than prey abundance per se.
Stigmatization and Victimization of People Experiencing Homelessness: Psychological Functioning, Social Functioning, and Social Distance as Predictors of Reporting Violence to the Police
Authors: Lehmann Robert J B , Hausam Joscha , Lösel Friedrich 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Homelessness is a serious social and health problem that is very important for community care and problem-oriented policing (POP). As this vulnerable population is difficult to reach, sound empirical data on psychosocial characteristics and contacts with the police are rare. This article reports a study of people experiencing homelessness from Berlin (Germany). Based on concepts of psychological and social functioning as well as social distance to the police we investigated their relation to reports of violent victimization to the police. A sample of 60 homeless males was contacted in the streets and anonymously answered interview questions and German versions of the Symptom Checklist 9, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Perceived Social Distance Scale. Only participants who had experienced violent victimization within the last 5 years were included for the study. The results showed enhanced psychological problems and social isolation from the society, although there were some close relations to other people experiencing homelessness. Psychological problems and social distance to the police clearly differentiated between those participants who reported their violent victimization to the police and those who did not. Multivariate analyses stress the importance of social distance to the police, psychological functioning, and age as predictors of reporting victimization to the police. Moderator analyses suggested that if social distance to the police is low, people tend to report victimization independent of psychological functioning. The findings are relevant for POP and support the involvement of police in multi-agency-based community crime prevention. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed.
Collaborative practitioner–researcher partnerships in policing: Two researchers’ reflections
Authors: Worden Robert E , McLean Sarah J 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong-term, collaborative practitioner–researcher partnerships offer many benefits to police agencies and research institutions, generating systematic evidence that enables agencies to become learning organizations and expands the base of knowledge. We reflect on our experiences with five such partnerships to discuss the scope, operation, and structure of collaboration. Given their skills and independence, researchers can perform functions that serve valuable purposes, and that probably could not be performed as well by equally well-trained personnel in the police chain-of-command. Research partnerships need not be limited to ‘policy’ research, as researchers can shed light on a wide range of topics that have practical and theoretical significance. They need not confine themselves to randomized controlled trials, and partnerships need not conform to any prescribed structure, as they will be shaped by the joint characteristics of the agency and the researcher(s). They confront challenges that stem from the political environment, which may also afford opportunities.
Efficacy and tolerance of corticosteroids and methotrexate in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dabbak Imène , Rodero Mathieu P , Aeschlimann Florence A , Authier François-Jérôme , Bodemer Christine , Quartier Pierre , Bondet Vincent , Charuel Jean-Luc , Duffy Darragh , Gitiaux Cyril , Bader-Meunier Brigitte 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the efficacy and tolerance of the conventional first-line treatment by MTX and CS in patients with JDM regardless of severity.

Methods
We conducted a monocentric retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed JDM treated with MTX and CS from 2012 to 2020. The proportion of clinically inactive disease (CID) within 6 months of MTX initiation was evaluated using both Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) criteria (evaluating muscle inactive disease) and DAS (evaluating skin inactive disease). We compared responders and non-responders using univariate analyses.

Results
Forty-five patients with JDM, out of which 30 (67%) severe JDM, were included. After 6 months of treatment with MTX and CS, complete CID, muscle CID and skin CID were achieved in 14/45 (31%), 19/45 (42%) and 15/45 (33%) patients, respectively. The absence of myositis-specific (MSA) or myositis-associated autoantibodies (MAA) at diagnosis was associated with a better overall, cutaneous and muscular therapeutic response, compared with antibody-positive forms (P &lt; 0.01). Requirement for ICU (P = 0.029) and cutaneous ulcerations (P = 0.018) were associated with a less favourable muscle response. MTX was stopped due to intolerance in six patients (13%) before month 6.

Conclusions
Conventional first-line treatment with MTX was not efficient in a large subset of JDM patients, especially in patients with MSA-positive forms, and in patients with severe JDM. Larger, multicentre cohorts are required to confirm these data and to identify new predictive biomarkers of MTX response, in order to treat patients with JDM as early as possible with appropriate targeted drugs.
Rapid Detection of the Recently Identified Turfgrass Pathogen Magnaporthiopsis meyeri-festucae Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification
Authors: Chou Ming-Yi , Luo Jing , Clarke Bruce B. , Murphy James A. , Zhang Ning , Vines Phillip L. , Koch Paul L. 
Published: February 2022

Magnaporthiopsis meyeri-festucae is a recently identified root-infecting pathogen of fine fescue (Festuca spp.) turfgrasses. Although it is phylogenetically similar to other root-infecting turfgrass pathogens such as M. poae, management of M. meyeri-festucae is distinct and highlights the need for fast and accurate identification. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid detection method for M. meyeri-festucae using recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to assist turfgrass managers in identifying the disease in the field and facilitate further epidemiological research on the pathogen. Three isolates of M. meyeri-festucae and eight isolates from four related Magnaporthiopsis species were used to test the specificity of the RPA assay targeting M. meyeri-festucae. Rapid visualization of the RPA assay results using a mixture of purified amplicon and SYBR-Safe fluorescence emitting asymmetrical cyanine dye showed that the assay was effective at detecting M. meyeri-festucae on turfgrass roots with no observed incidence of false positives or false negatives. The assay also differentiated between M. meyeri-festucae and other Magnaporthiopsis species, although overall sensitivity was lower compared with a PCR-based method. The RPA assay successfully detected M. meyeri-festucae following inoculation onto and grinding of turfgrass roots, indicating possible use as a rapid field diagnostic tool for turfgrass managers. The fast and accurate RPA M. meyeri-festucae detection method presented here will be used for additional field and laboratory applications that will help improve the management of this emerging pathogen.
Clinical and Histopathologic Features of Myocarditis in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (Adult)–Associated COVID-19
Authors: Aldeghaither Saud , Qutob Rayan , Assanangkornchai Nawaporn , Issa-Chergui Badia , Tam May , Larotondo Rita , Samoukovic Gordan 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a life-threatening condition first described in children (MIS-C). It is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state that involves the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and neurologic systems without severe respiratory system involvement. Myocarditis is one of the cardiovascular presentations of MIS that might be complicated with cardiogenic shock. There are few case reports describing SARS-CoV-2-related MIS in adults (MIS-A).

Case Summary:
Three cases of healthy young adults diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 related (MIS-A). The main presentation was cardiogenic shock secondary to histologically proven myocarditis, which resolved rapidly after initiation of medical therapy including anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. All the cases, however, required mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as a bridge to recovery.

CONCLUSIONS:
It appears reasonable to treat the patient with fulminant myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2-associated MIS-A with high-dose corticosteroid “pulse” therapy in order to suppress the inflammatory response and MCS to correct initial metabolic derangement and reestablish/maintain vital organ perfusion. Addition of IV immunoglobulin and other immunomodulators should be assessed in a case-by-case basis especially considering the associated cost resource allocation.
Proning in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Role of Paralytics
Authors: Cotton Shannon A. , McGuire W. Cameron , Hussain Abdur , Pearce Alex K. , Zawaydeh Qais , Meehan Melissa D. , Malhotra Atul 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Although proning is beneficial to acute respiratory distress syndrome, impressions vary about its efficacy. Some providers believe that paralysis is required to facilitate proning. We studied impact of paralysis on prone-induced gas exchange improvements and provider attitudes regarding paralytics.

DESIGN:
Observational.

SETTING:
University of California San Diego.

PATIENTS:
Intubated COVID acute respiratory distress syndrome patients.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
1) Changes in Pao
2:Fio
2 and Spo
2:Fio
2 ratios before and after proning with and without paralytics, 2) adverse events during proning with and without paralytics, and 3) nurse and physician attitudes about efficacy/safety of proning with and without paralytics. Gas-exchange improvement with proning was similar with and without paralytics (with no serious adverse events). Survey results showed similar attitudes between nurses and physicians about proning efficacy but differing attitudes about the need for paralytics with proning.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings support use of proning and may help in design of randomized trials to assess paralytics in acute respiratory distress syndrome management.
Supporting Midcareer Women Faculty in Academic Medicine Through Mentorship and Sponsorship
Authors: Keating Julie A. , Jasper Annie , Musuuza Jackson , Templeton Kim , Safdar Nasia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Midcareer women faculty face unique career challenges that may benefit from mentorship and sponsorship, yet such programs focused on the needs of this career phase are scarce in academic medicine. Many midcareer faculty require intentional and individual career planning to choose a path from the broad array of options in academic medicine. Ambiguous promotion criteria, increased workloads because of service or citizenship tasks, and a lack of sponsorship are among the barriers that inhibit midcareer faculty's growth into the high-visibility roles needed for career advancement. In addition, issues faced by women midcareer faculty members may be further exacerbated by barriers such as biases, a disproportionate share of family responsibilities, and inequities in recognition and sponsorship. These barriers contribute to slower career growth and higher attrition among women midcareer faculty and ultimately an underrepresentation of women among senior leadership in academic medicine. Here, we describe how a mentoring program involving individuals (eg, mentors, mentees, and sponsors) and departments/institutions (eg, deans and career development offices) can be used to support midcareer faculty. We also provide recommendations for building a mentoring program with complementary support from sponsors targeted toward the specific needs of women midcareer faculty. A robust midcareer mentoring program can support the career growth and engagement of individual faculty members and as a result improve the diversity of academic medicine's highest ranks.
Case Study of an Elderly Patient With New Onset Weakness
Authors: Mirman Igal , Bertorini Tulio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a patient presented with new onset progressive proximal weakness. On examination noted to have proximal weakness on upper and lower limbs, with preserved reflexes, without sensory involvement. Blood work revealed to have elevated creatine kinase. On electromyography testing shows myopathic features and also noted to have myotonic discharges. Muscle biopsy was obtained next which showed many vacuolization, marked increase in all fat content noted. These findings led us to checking carnitine levels which were noted to be significantly reduced with elevated carnitine palmitoyltransferase levels. These findings highly suggestive of systemic carnitine deficiency. Secondary causes of systemic Carnitine deficiency not identified in this patient and presumed to have primary systemic carnitine deficiency. Patient improved on oral supplementation of L- Carnitine.
A Social-Ecological Perspective of the Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Virtual Education in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Cotie Lisa M. , Ghisi Gabriela L. M. , Vanzella Lais M. , Aultman Crystal , Oh Paul , Colella Tracey J. F. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
This study explored the perceived barriers and facilitators to participation in patients who did and did not attend virtual cardiac rehabilitation (CR) education sessions.

Methods:
A mixed-methods approach was used. Virtual patient education was delivered during the coronavirus-19 pandemic. Phase 1 included a cross-sectional online survey completed by individuals who did and did not participate in these sessions. For phase 2, six virtual focus group sessions were conducted using the social-ecological framework to guide thematic analysis and interpretation of findings.

Results:
Overall, 106 online surveys were completed; 60 (57%) attended Cardiac College Learn Online (CCLO) sessions only, one (1%) Women with Heart Online (WwHO) only, 21 (20%) attended both, and 24 (22%) did not attend virtual sessions. Half of the participants who attended virtual sessions viewed between one and four sessions. Most participants were from Canada (95%) and included the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute/Toronto Western Hospital centers (76%). Focus group findings revealed six overarching themes: Intrapersonal (mixed emotions/feelings; personal learning preferences); Interpersonal (desire for warmth of human contact and interaction); Institutional (the importance of external endorsement of sessions); and Environmental (technology; perceived facilitators and barriers).

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the unprecedented situation that patients and CR programs are facing during the pandemic. Virtual patient education may be more accessible, convenient, and responsive to the complex needs of these CR participants.