bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and acute kidney injury in German hospitals 2020
Authors: Walendy Victor , Girndt Matthias , Greinert Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a major challenge for patients, healthcare professionals, and populations worldwide. While initial reporting focused mainly on lung involvement, the ongoing pandemic showed that multiple organs can be involved, and prognosis is largely influenced by multi-organ involvement. Our aim was to obtain nationwide retrospective population-based data on hospitalizations with COVID-19 and AKI in Germany.

Materials & methods
We performed a query of G-DRG data for the year 2020 via the Institute for the hospital remuneration system (Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus GmbH, InEK) data portal and therefore included hospitalizations with a secondary diagnosis of RT-PCR proven COVID-19 infection, aged over 15 years. We included hospitalizations with acute kidney injury (AKI) stages 1 to 3. Age-specific and age-standardized hospitalization and in-hospital mortality rates (ASR) per 100.000 person years were calculated, with the German population of 2011 as the standard.

Results
In 2020, there were 16.776.845 hospitalizations in German hospitals. We detected 154.170 hospitalizations with RT-PCR proven COVID-19 diagnosis. The age-standardized hospitalization rate for COVID-19 in Germany was 232,8 per 100.000 person years (95% CI 231,6–233,9). The highest proportion of hospitalizations associated with COVID-19 were in the age group over 80 years. AKI was diagnosed in 16.773 (10.9%) of the hospitalizations with COVID-19. The relative risk of AKI for males was 1,49 (95%CI 1,44–1,53) compared to females. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) was performed in 3.443 hospitalizations, 20.5% of the hospitalizations with AKI. For all hospitalizations with COVID-19, the in-hospital mortality amounted to 19.7% (n = 30.300). The relative risk for in-hospital mortality was 3,87 (95%CI 3,80–3,94) when AKI occurred. The age-standardized hospitalization rates for COVID-19 took a bimodal course during the observation period. The first peak occurred in April (ASR 23,95 per 100.000 person years (95%CI 23,58–24,33)), hospitalizations peaked again in November 2020 (72,82 per 100.000 person years (95%CI 72,17–73,48)). The standardized rate ratios (SRR) for AKI and AKI-related mortality with the overall ASR for COVID-19 hospitalizations in the denominator, decreased throughout the observation period and remained lower in autumn than they were in spring. In contrast to all COVID-19 hospitalizations, the SRR for overall mortality in COVID-19 hospitalizations diverged from hospitalizations with AKI in autumn 2020.

Discussion
Our study for the first time provides nationwide data on COVID-19 related hospitalizations and acute kidney injury in Germany in 2020. AKI was a relevant complication and associated with high mortality. We observed a less pronounced increase in the ASR for AKI-related mortality during autumn 2020. The proportion of AKI-related mortality in comparison to the overall mortality decreased throughout the course of the pandemic.
Attitudes and practices of ophthalmology doctors in London (UK) on the importance of discussing work as a clinical outcome with patients during consultations: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Kuncewicz Katherine , Schiff Isabelle , Liszka Jaroslaw , Akinfie Sheni , McLurcan Nadia , Madan Ira , Naleem Shairana , Parsons Vaughan 
Published: June 2022

Background
Limited research suggests that non-occupational health doctors rarely discuss occupation with their patients. There is a gap in research regarding the attitudes and practices of doctors towards discussing patient occupation and return to work. The aim of this work was to explore the attitudes of ophthalmology doctors towards work as a clinical outcome and assess the need for occupational health training among participants (doctors).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey among doctors working in ophthalmology in two London teaching hospitals. The survey focused on the attitudes of doctors towards ‘work’ as a clinical outcome, their practices of asking patients about occupation, their perceived level of competency in this area of clinical practice and the level of training doctors had received in this field. Descriptive data analysis was undertaken and results presented as frequencies and proportions.

Results
The response rate was 30/72 (42%). Approximately a quarter (8/30;27%) of doctors ‘always’ discussed return to work during care planning whilst the majority (25/30;87%) of doctors agreed or strongly agreed that this should always be the case. Over half of the doctors had received no formal OH training on how to discuss or assess the impact of health on work and only 17/30 (57%) considered themselves competent in discussing these work outcomes with patients. Over half agreed that additional training would be useful, with the majority believing that it would be most useful at all stages of medical training.

Conclusion
We found the majority of ophthalmology doctors regard ‘return to work’ as an important clinical outcome yet most do not routinely discuss work outcomes with patients to inform care planning. Majority of doctors lack training in how to discuss issues relating to work and would benefit from additional OH training.
Causality of anthropometric markers associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome: Findings of a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: De Silva Kushan , Demmer Ryan T. , Jönsson Daniel , Mousa Aya , Teede Helena , Forbes Andrew , Enticott Joanne 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
Using body mass index (BMI) as a proxy, previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies found total causal effects of general obesity on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hitherto, total and direct causal effects of general- and central obesity on PCOS have not been comprehensively analyzed.

Objectives
To investigate the causality of central- and general obesity on PCOS using surrogate anthropometric markers.

Methods
Summary GWAS data of female-only, large-sample cohorts of European ancestry were retrieved for anthropometric markers of central obesity (waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and general obesity (BMI and its constituent variables–weight and height), from the IEU Open GWAS Project. As the outcome, we acquired summary data from a large-sample GWAS (118870 samples; 642 cases and 118228 controls) within the FinnGen cohort. Total causal effects were assessed via univariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR). Genetic architectures underlying causal associations were explored. Direct causal effects were analyzed by multivariable MR modelling.

Results
Instrumental variables demonstrated no weak instrument bias (F > 10). Four anthropometric exposures, namely, weight (2.69–77.05), BMI (OR: 2.90–4.06), WC (OR: 6.22–20.27), and HC (OR: 6.22–20.27) demonstrated total causal effects as per univariable 2SMR models. We uncovered shared and non-shared genetic architectures underlying causal associations. Direct causal effects of WC and HC on PCOS were revealed by two multivariable MR models containing exclusively the anthropometric markers of central obesity. Other multivariable MR models containing anthropometric markers of both central- and general obesity showed no direct causal effects on PCOS.

Conclusions
Both and general- and central obesity yield total causal effects on PCOS. Findings also indicated potential direct causal effects of normal weight-central obesity and more complex causal mechanisms when both central- and general obesity are present. Results underscore the importance of addressing both central- and general obesity for optimizing PCOS care.
Determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in Wonago woreda, south Ethiopia. A facility-based unmatched case-control study
Authors: Habtamu Endashaw , Chilo Desalegn , Desalegn Defaru 
Published: June 2022

Background
Wasting continued to threaten the lives of 52 million (7.7%) under-five children globally. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for one-third of all wasted children globally, and Ethiopia is among the countries with the highest magnitude of Wasting in the region. Despite, the little decrement in the prevalence of other forms of malnutrition (stunting and underweight), the burden of wasting remains the same in the country. Gedeo zone is among those with a high prevalence of under-five wasting.

Objective
To identify determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in Wonago Woreda, 2018.

Methods
A facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from May 11 to July 21/2018. A total of 356 (119 cases and 237 controls) mothers/caregivers of under-five children who visited the Wonago woreda public health facilities were included in the study using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurement. Descriptive analysis was used to describe data. Binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bi-variate analysis entered to multivariate analysis. Those variables with a p-value less than 0.05 during the multivariate regression were considered significant.

Results
Determinants which found to have an association with wasting in this study were; maternal illiteracy [AOR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.11, 5.53)] family size <3 [AOR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.05, 0.50)] wealth index [AOR = 2.41, 95% CI (1.07, 5.46)] exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months [AOR = 2.71, 95% CI (1.15, 6.40)] dietary diversity [AOR = 5.52, 95% CI (2.06, 14.76)] and children been sick in the last 2 weeks [AOR = 4.36, 95% CI (2.21, 8.61)].

Conclusion and recommendations
Determinants identified were maternal education, family size, wealth index, and exclusive breastfeeding, dietary diversity, and morbidity history of a child in the last 2 weeks. To reduce childhood wasting, due emphasis should be given to empowering women and improving the knowledge and practice of parents on appropriate infant and young child-caring practices.
Healthcare worker-based opportunistic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in a low-resource setting
Authors: Sharma Sonali , Khudiwal Ashish , Bhardwaj Sonal , Chaturvedi Hemant , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: June 2022

Background & objective
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FHeH) is important risk factor for premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Strategies for its diagnosis and prevalence have not been well studied in India. We performed healthcare worker-based opportunistic screening to assess feasibility for determining its prevalence.

Methods
A healthcare worker was trained in use of Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria for diagnosis of FHeH. Successive eligible individuals (n = 3000 of 3450 screened) presenting to biochemistry laboratories of two hospitals for blood lipid measurements were evaluated for FHeH. Cascade screening or genetic studies were not performed. Descriptive statistics are reported.

Results
We included 2549 participants (men 1870, women 679) not on statin therapy. Health worker screened 25–30 individuals/day in 6–10 minutes each. The mean age was 46.2±11y. Variables of DLCN criteria were more in women vs men: family history 51.1 vs 35.6%, past CAD 48.2 vs 20.1%, arcus cornealis 1.1 vs 0.3%, tendon xanthoma 0.3 vs 0.1%, and LDL cholesterol 190–249 mg/dl in 8.5 vs 2.4%, 250–329 mg/dl in 0.7 vs 0% and ≥330 mg/dl in 0.3 vs 0% (p<0.01). Definite FHeH (DLCN score >8) was in 15 (0.59%, frequency 1:170) and probable FHeH (score 6–8) in 87 (3.4%, frequency 1:29). The prevalence was significantly greater in women, age <50y and in those with hypertension, diabetes and known CAD.

Conclusions
Healthcare worker-led opportunistic screening for diagnosis of FHeH using DLCN criteria is feasible in low-resource settings. The results show significant prevalence of clinically detected definite and probable FHeH in the population studied.
Luwian Curses as Religious Discourse
Authors: Puértolas Rubio Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLuwian incantations embedded in Hittite ritual texts reflect local traditions and religious discourses of different parts of Anatolia and Northern Syria. Among the various types of Luwian incantations, this paper will focus on the contextual analysis of cuneiform Luwian curses related to the Kuwattalla and Puriyanni traditions. Curses will be studied as religious discourse, analysing how individual elements of the curse interplay with the general structure of the ritual text in which it is embedded. To do so, a comparative perspective will be applied. Hittite ritual texts coming from the same or adjacent areas and reflecting common religious traditions will be used to elucidate difficult passages. This study may contribute to improve our understanding of Luwian texts as well as to highlight local concepts related to witchcraft.
Relative Income Concerns, Dismissal, and the Use of Pay-for-Performance
Authors: Demougin Dominique , Upton Harvey 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper studies optimal incentive contracting under moral hazard when workers exhibit relative income concerns and compare their earnings with the economy’s average wage. We show that when firms have access to a rich performance measure, the optimal contract takes a binary form if effort is sufficiently low and a ternary form otherwise. We then use these results to investigate how contractual structure varies throughout the economy when firm-worker pairs are heterogeneous with respect to either their productivity, or the information system used to align incentives. We argue that our findings suggest that the incidence of pay-for-performance should be highest for jobs which significantly contribute to overall firm profitability and for which a worker’s performance is difficult to measure. These predictions appear largely consistent with recent empirical evidence.
An efficient post-quantum KEM from CSIDH
Authors: Qi Mingping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The SIDH and CSIDH are now the two most well-known post-quantum key exchange protocols from the supersingular isogeny-based cryptography, which have attracted much attention in recent years and served as the building blocks of other supersingular isogeny-based cryptographic schemes. The famous SIKE is a post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) constructed on the SIDH, motivated by which, this article presents a new post-quantum KEM-based on the CSIDH, which is thereby named as CSIKE. The presented CSIKE has much higher computation efficiency in the decapsulation part by involving an additional tag in the encapsulation results. The new CSIKE is formally proved to be IND-CCA secure under the standard isogeny-based quantum resistant security assumption. Moreover, by comparing the new CSIKE with the only two existing CSIDH-based KEM schemes, i.e., CSIDH-PSEC-KEM and CSIDH-ECIES-KEM, it can be easily found that the new CSIKE has a slightly longer encapsulation size than CSIDH-PSEC-KEM and CSIDH-ECIES-KEM, but (i) it beats the CSIDH-PSEC-KEM by the improvement of approximately 50% in decapsulation speed, and (ii) it has a certain advantage over the CSIDH-ECIES-KEM in security since in the random oracle model, the security proof for CSIDH-ECIES-KEM needs to rely on the stronger CSI-GDH assumption, while the new CSIKE just needs to rely on the basic CSI-CDH assumption.
Evidence of improved bond strength of resin-based sealer with the use of natural antioxidants on hypochlorite treated dentin: an in vitro study
Authors: Aameenabanu Mayana , Sravanthi Tammineedi , Bolla Nagesh , Vemuri Sayesh , Basam Ram Chowdary , Garlapati Roopadevi , Chukka Ram Sunil 
Published: June 2022

Aim. To evaluate the effect of natural antioxidants as final irrigants on the push-out bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealer to the hypochlorite treated dentin.
Methods. Eighty single-rooted human mandibular incisors were prepared using ProTaper Gold (Dentsply, TN, USA) and an irrigation protocol including 3% NaOCl, followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 3% NaOCl. The groups (n =20) were divided according to the final irrigant used: Group 1: None (Control); Group 2: 5% sodium ascorbate, Group 3: 5% grape seed extract (GSE); and Group 4: 5% pine bark extract. The obturation of root canals was performed using gutta‑percha and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Germany). Bond strength was evaluated using the push‑out test under the universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA. The p-value significance was evaluated by Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.01).
Results. Mean push-out bond strength values were compared in all the groups, and there was a statistically significant improvement in the experimental final irrigating groups. 5% pine bark extract had improved bond strength than the other groups, and the least bond strength was observed in the control group.
Conclusion. The irrigation protocols and naturally derived antioxidants affected the resin‑based sealer’s bond strength to root dentin. It was observed that the use of antioxidants effectively reversed the compromised bond strength of resin‑based sealers to root dentin. 5% pine bark extract application showed better bond strength.
Morphological description and DNA barcoding study of Paramignya trimera collected in Khanh Hoa, Vietnam
Authors: Cam Mien Phi Thi , Bich Ngoc Pham , Hoang Ha Chu , Duc Bach Nguyen 
Published: June 2022

Paramignya trimera is a valuable traditional medicinal plant, typically distributing in Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. In recent years, P. trimera has been exploited to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancers. The recorded during the investigation, in Khanh Hoa currently appears a number of species with similar phenotypes known collectively as P. trimera and appeared some morphology with differences in leaf morphology and thorns. Therefore, this study was carried out for identification, breeding and propagation conservation.This study has been described, characterized morphological characteristics and analyzed DNA barcodes based on ITS, matK and rbcL gene markers. About the morphology, P. trimera is distinguished from other species of the genus Paramignya with the following characteristics: elongated, single leaf, leaf-shaped lobe end, leaf veins shaped like a feather. Petiole with big, pointed and straight spines. Corolla 3, 6 stamens, upper election, with three sepals and two ovule leaves, the seed has a seed coat. The analysis of DNA barcodes shows that the results combination of the analysis of the three regions of ITS, matK and rbcL can be used to determine the genetic relationship between five samples of P. trimera. The nucleotide sequence lengths of the samples for the three regions of the ITS, matK and rbcL genes are 850 bp, 850 bp and 500 bp, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic tree analysis, the samples (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5) have the same evolutionary origin in ITS, matK and rbcL. Base on to identified the five morphological forms of P. trimera distributed in Khanh Hoa as the same species and expanded the distribution area as well as in-depth research on P. trimera morphologies in Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
Purification of wild type and recombinant xylanases and evaluation of their arabinoxylan hydrolysis ability
Authors: Tuyen Do Thi , Thu Ngan Nguyen , Mai Anh Dao Thi , Thi Hong Nhung Nguyen 
Published: June 2022

Arabinoxylan hydrolyzing enzymes are very rich and diversified groups, among these, endo-1,4-β-xylanase is the most important group which catalyzes the cleavage of xylan main skeleton to release arabinoxylan oligosaccharides such as D-xylose, xylobiose, L-arabinose, xylotetraose, xylopentose. This group of enzyme was efficiently produced from natural microorganism including bacteria, yeast and fungi and recombinant strains. In this study, we have purified wild-type and recombinant xylanase to compare the difference in hydrolysis products of these two enzymes. Using sephadex G-100 and DEAE-sephadex column chromatography, we have purified xylanase from wild-type Aspergillus niger DSM1957 with molecular weight of 25 kDa, specific activity of 3240 IU/mL, the purity increases 1.68 folds compare to crude extract, and a recovery rate of 36%. The recombinant enzyme from Pichia pastoris GS115/pPXlnA was purified by ProbondTM affinity chromatography column, with a molecular weight of 36 kDa; the purity increased 3.2 folds than the crude extract, and with the recovery efficiency of 21.1%. The activity of commercial wild-type xylanase was better than that of our recombinant and wild-type enzymes. Our wild-type xylanase could hydrolyze arabinoxylan into L-arabinose in 50 mM CH3COONa pH 5.0. Our results showed that xylanases purified from different sources were stable and highly specific to xylan. Xylanase has potential application in the production of high quality biotechnological products.
Prevalence of Anxiety Disorder Comorbidities in Female Outpatients with Substance Use Disorder in a Referral Public Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Soraya Shiva , Seddigh Ruhollah , Hadi Fatemeh , Mahdavi Mehri , Faramarzi Mohammad 
Published: June 2022

Background: Nowadays, the attention to the combination of Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and anxiety disorders in women is increasing; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety disorders in women substance users and epidemiological features of this population.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 48 female outpatients with SUD referred to the Iran psychiatric hospital substance use clinic with a range of 18 to 65 years, were involved in the study. All participants referred to the substance use clinic of Iran psychiatric center to follow up on the comorbidities and psychiatric disorders, were involved in the study. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) was used to anxiety disorders and SUD diagnoses. The SCID is a semi-structured interview guide for making the major DSM-5 diagnoses. It is administered by a clinician who is familiar with the DSM-5 classification and diagnostic criteria. Finally, gathered data were analyzed by SPSS-22.
Results: Totally, 48 patients enrolled to this study. The mean age of patients was 34.2±9.4. Crystal (60.4%) and alcohol (50%) were the most commonly used substances. Of the 48 substance users, 47.9% had at least one type of anxiety disorders. The most common anxiety disorders in substance users were generalized anxiety disorder (37.5%), social anxiety disorder (18.8%), and agoraphobia and panic disorder (12.5%). A statistically significant correlation was found between agoraphobia and opium (p=0.04), generalized anxiety disorders and benzodiazepines (p=0.02).
Conclusion: In the present study, it was shown that anxiety disorders co-occur with SUD at a high rate. Generalized anxiety disorders and social anxiety disorder were the two most prevalent conditions among substance users. Analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between agoraphobia and opium, general anxiety disorders and benzodiazepines.