bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of Crosslinked Polymers without Rings
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMean‐square radius of gyration Rg2 and the maximum span length LMS of each polymer molecule formed in the crosslinking of polymer chains that follow the Schulz–Zimm distribution are determined by using the Monte Carlo simulation method for the generation of various crosslinked polymer architecture. For the random crosslinking, it is found that the expected g‐ratio of Rg2 of the crosslinked polymer to that of a linear polymer for a given number of crosslinks k does not change with the crosslinking density up to the gel point. The g‐ratio for a given k is larger for broader primary chain length distribution, and a convenient formula for the relationship between g and k is proposed. The linear relationship, Rg2 = 0.178 LMS applies, at least approximately, regardless of the primary chain length distribution and the crosslinking density. The relationship is essentially the same as for the branched polymers. The effect of nonrandom crosslinking is investigated through the theoretical simulation for the free‐radical vinyl/divinyl copolymerization conducted in a steady‐state continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). It is found that the nonrandomness induced by this reaction system does not change either of the universal relationships, g–k and Rg2–LMS.
Identification of variants in ACAN and PAPSS2 leading to spondyloepi(meta)physeal dysplasias in four Chinese families
Authors: Cao Yixuan , Guan Xin , Li Shan , Wu Nan , Chen Xiumin , Yang Tao , Yang Bo , Zhao Xiuli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpondyloepi(meta)physeal dysplasias (SE[M]D) are a group of inherited skeletal disorders that mainly affect bone and cartilage, and next‐generation sequencing has aided the detection of genetic defects of such diseases. In this study, we aimed to identify causative variants in four Chinese families associated with SE(M)D.MethodsWe recruited four unrelated Chinese families all displaying short stature and growth retardation. Clinical manifestations and X‐ray imaging were recorded for all patients. Candidate variants were identified by whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and verified by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity was assessed by conservation analysis, 3D protein modeling and in silico prediction, and was confirmed according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.ResultsThree novel SE(M)D‐related variants c.1090dupG, c.7168 T > G, and c.2947G > C in ACAN, and one reported variant c.712C > T in PAPSS2 were identified. Among them, c.1090dupG in ACAN and c.712C > T in PAPSS2 caused truncated protein and the other two variants led to amino acid alterations. Conservation analysis revealed sites of the two missense variants were highly conserved, and bioinformatic findings confirmed their pathogenicity. 3D modeling of mutant protein encoded by c.7168 T > G(p.Trp2390Gly) in ACAN proved the structural alteration in protein level.ConclusionOur data suggested ACAN is a common pathogenic gene of SE(M)D. This study enriched the genetic background of skeletal dysplasias, and expanded the mutation spectra of ACAN and PAPSS2.
Stereoselective Transesterification of P‐Chirogenic Hydroxybinaphthyl Phosphinates
Authors: Kawajiri Akari , Udagawa Taro , Minoura Mao , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe substitution reaction of phosphinates with a binaphthyloxy group at the phosphorus atom with lithium alkoxides proceeded with good to high efficiencies to give P‐chirogenic phosphinates with a high enantiomeric ratio. As alcohols, primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols could be used, and the use of tert‐butyl alcohol yielded the products with a higher enantiomeric ratio. A substrate with two different alkyl groups on the phosphorus atom could also participate in the substitution reaction to give the corresponding products in good yields with excellent selectivity. The molecular structures of one of the substrates and the corresponding products, determined by X‐ray analyses, proved that the substitution reaction at the phosphorus atom proceeded with inversion of the absolute configuration. The usefulness of the reaction was demonstrated by using it to prepare a drug candidate for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Finally, thionation of the resulting phosphinates was carried out to form P‐chirogenic phosphinothioates.
Isotope fractionation during capillary leaking in an isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Authors: Yan Hao , Peng Yongbo , Bao Huiming 
Published: March 2022

RationaleWhen isotope composition is measured in dual‐inlet mode with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), reference gas may be gradually enriched in heavy isotopes due to preferential loss of light ones from the bellows over time. Quantifying the degree of isotopic enrichment of the reference gas is imperative for high‐precision isotopic analysis (i.e. at per meg level).MethodsO2 and CO2 leaking experiments were performed with the dual‐inlet system of an IRMS (Thermo Fisher® MAT 253 Plus). During each experiment, the drop of gas pressure in the bellows with time was recorded and isotope ratios of residual gas at various time intervals were analyzed.ResultsIsotopic enrichment of residual O2 gas could be as large as 1‰ for δ18O when a large fraction (>75%) of initial gas was lost. The evolution of isotope compositions of the remaining gas can be well described by a pressure‐dependent Rayleigh fractionation equation. When the pressure in the bellows is within 10–50 mBar, the isotope fractionation factor (α18O) for O2 leaking ranges from 0.99911 to 0.99982 and the characteristic relationship of α17O and α18O is from 0.5123 to 0.5124.ConclusionsIsotope fractionation associated with capillary leaking from bellows is pressure‐dependent. We recommend that the reference gas should be reloaded frequently, especially after a measurement with a low analyzing pressure for the analysis of small amounts of sample.
Successful IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy for a patient with intrathoracic extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Horio Yoshitsugu , Tachibana Hiroyuki , Shimizu Junichi , Hosoda Waki , Fujiwara Yutaka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTreatment of extensive‐stage (ES) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a challenge with poor local control and dismal overall survival. Although single extrathoracic metastasis was defined as M1b according to the eighth edition of the tumour–node–metastasis (TNM) classification of lung cancer, M1b includes involvement of a single intrathoracic nonregional lymph node (LN) such as pericardial, internal mammary or paravertebral LNs. Here, we report a successful treated case of a 50‐year‐old female with ES‐SCLC with right pericardial LN involvement, cT1cN3M1b (LYM). She initially received two cycles of induction chemotherapy consisting of cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum/cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide and achieved a very good partial response. She then received curative chemoradiotherapy with intensity‐modulated techniques (45 Gy in 30 fractions BID), followed by an additional cycle of chemotherapy. She is free of recurrence for more than 2.5 years.
Bayesian models for aggregate and individual patient data component network meta‐analysis
Authors: Efthimiou Orestis , Seo Michael , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim , Furukawa Toshi A. , Schwarzer Guido , Rücker Gerta , Mavridis Dimitris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis can synthesize evidence from studies comparing multiple treatments for the same disease. Sometimes the treatments of a network are complex interventions, comprising several independent components in different combinations. A component network meta‐analysis (CNMA) can be used to analyze such data and can in principle disentangle the individual effect of each component. However, components may interact with each other, either synergistically or antagonistically. Deciding which interactions, if any, to include in a CNMA model may be difficult, especially for large networks with many components. In this article, we present two Bayesian CNMA models that can be used to identify prominent interactions between components. Our models utilize Bayesian variable selection methods, namely the stochastic search variable selection and the Bayesian LASSO, and can benefit from the inclusion of prior information about important interactions. Moreover, we extend these models to combine data from studies providing aggregate information and studies providing individual patient data (IPD). We illustrate our models in practice using three real datasets, from studies in panic disorder, depression, and multiple myeloma. Finally, we describe methods for developing web‐applications that can utilize results from an IPD‐CNMA, to allow for personalized estimates of relative treatment effects given a patient's characteristics.
Porous ZnO Microspheres Grafted with Poly‐(N‐isopropylacrylamide) via SI‐ATRP: Reversible Temperature‐Controlled Switching of Photocatalysis**
Authors: Feng Qian , Ren Yonghui , Sun Zhaojie , Liu Jia , Zhou Yuze , Tang Dongyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of porous ZnO microspheres (pZnO MSs) grafted with thermo‐responsive polymers of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) for photocatalysis applications. Photodegradation of Rhodamine B (Rh‐B) is used to evaluate the photocatalysis performance of pZnO MSs grafted with PNIPAM (pZnO MSs‐PNIPAM). The results show that pZnO MSs‐PNIPAM exhibits a reversible temperature‐controlled photocatalysis activity and good recycling performance. By adjusting the environmental temperature, the photocatalysis property of pZnO MSs‐PNIPAM can be turned on/off, resulting in a temperature‐controlled switching function of the obvious/unobvious photocatalysis performance below/upon the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. Additionally, the dispersion property of pZnO MSs‐PNIPAM in water can also be regulated by changing the environment temperature, demonstrating the potential applications in that of photocatalysis‐related fields for the graft systems.
In Site Generation of Well‐Dispersed Ag3PO4 NPs on Protein‐Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers with Enhanced Catalytic Performance
Authors: Ji Chunxiao , Zheng Jing , Jin Yuqin , Yin Xue‐bo , Han Suping , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeveloping environmental‐friendly and high‐performance catalysts hold excellent prospects for pollution control. Herein, a novel nanocatalyst is successfully prepared through a facile in‐situ deposition method upon bridging copper phosphate and the protein, which allowing uniform Ag3PO4 NPs to be immobilized on both inner and outer hierarchical nanoflowers. Results show that the fabricated hierarchical flower‐like architecture of Cu3(PO4)2@BSA@Ag3PO4 composite demonstrated superior catalytic performance for the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol. Moreover, the hybrid nanoflowers hold a high conversion rate (around 95.4 %) and recycling stability over five reaction cycles. Therefore, such a convenient, economical and green approach to synthesize recyclable nanoflowers possesses broad application potential for the treatment of agricultural and industrial wastewater.
The Colorimetric Identification of NO2− in Latent Fingerprints by Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Huang Rui , Ma Yuyao , Peng An 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNitrate (NO2−) is a common explosion residue, whose identification is conducive to the detection of explosion cases. Herein, the chemical reaction of o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) with NO2− and the inclusion action of hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) are successfully used to visualize the latent fingerprint with attached NO2−. Furthermore, we have realized the semi‐quantitative analysis of NO2− in latent fingerprints by processing the color information of fingerprint images digitally according to the HSV color space, which is constructing the data relationship between the hue (H), saturation (S), value (V), and NO2− of the fingerprint image. This method is fast, non‐invasive, and convenient to operate. It realizes the simultaneous identification of the form of latent fingerprints. And its chemical composition(NO2−) provides a reference for the rapid detection of explosive residues of ammonium nitrate explosive in latent fingerprints.
Fast 3D Printing with Chitosan/Polyvinyl alcohol/Graphene Oxide Multifunctional Hydrogel Ink that has UltraStretch Properity
Authors: Hao Feiyue , Maimaitiyiming Xieraili 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChitosan(CS) hydrogels prepare under novel alkaline conditions have attracted attention because they have more excellent mechanical properties than traditional acidic preparation conditions.We observe that the prepared CS sol still exhibits excellent printability even in the lower mass fraction range.It can be empolyed for fast printing and stable shape retention at room temperature.In order to meet the 3D printing of hydrogels with high mechanical properties, a solid cross‐linked network is constructed based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and CS .The hybrid hydrogel ink retains the excellent printability of CS hydrogel while also enhancing its mechanical properties (strain>400 %).Then graphene oxide (GO) is introduced into the system to give full play to the multi‐functional characteristics of the composite hydrogels.This kind of hydrogel is used to print flexible sensors and shows very distinctive application value.Furthermore, it can be served as a flexible electrode material for the design of complex circuit systems, contributing to the development of flexible sensors.In short, this work will open a new research path for the application of fast 3D printing hydrogels with ultrastrenth properity.
Becoming a Critical ESL Teacher: The Intersection of Historicity, Identity, and Pedagogy
Authors: Shin Jaran , Rubio Jesse W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis case study examines how an experienced secondary ESL teacher’s personal and professional history is linked to his curricular choices in the classroom and how his enactment of critical educator identity interacts with ideologies within society. The analysis of the focal teacher’s experiences that remain prominent in autobiographical memory shows that his lived experiences of (re)learning Spanish and English, studying and teaching abroad and in California, and extensive reading influenced the cultivation of his identity as a critical educator. He designed a curriculum that used historical fiction and that evoked an approach to the mechanisms of ideological control both within the context of the chosen works of historical fiction and within students’ lives. Yet, the situatedness of teacher identity exposed his identities to the influence of neoliberal educational policies and students’ lack of interest in the curriculum and learning in general, jeopardizing his understanding of what to believe, how to act, and how to be. The findings of this study led us to theorize that the interplay of life histories, identities, practices, and contexts by using the notion of historicity.
Introduction
Authors: Danaj Ermira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInternational and internal migration have characterised Albania since 1990, when the communist regime established in the aftermath of the Second World War was on its last legs. While the number of studies on Albanian migration, both national and transnational, has grown, only a few adopt the perspective of gender. Employing a gender perspective on migration is not only about using sex-disaggregated statistics but also explaining the processes and discourses in migration involving women and men, their relations to each other (Erel et al., 2003) and among women themselves (Parreñas, 2009)
Theoretical Framework
Authors: Danaj Ermira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter sets out the epistemological lenses and the central theoretical concepts guiding this research. Given the many theories and models regarding the intersection of gender and migration, it is important to highlight those that inspire this research and help to investigate and better understand how gender affects migration processes and, vice versa, how migration impacts gender relations. The first section of this chapter presents the main perspectives adopted here: feminist and constructivist epistemology. The next section discusses patterns of various migration trajectories. The third section gives a brief historical overview of the debate on gender in migration studies and clarifies the theorisation of gender and migration in this book. The analytical Chaps.4,5,6and7include other essential concepts and findings.
Conclusions
Authors: Danaj Ermira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractI began my research by asking, ‘How can we understand the interrelation between gender and migration in Albania?’. As my research progressed, three other questions emerged, which necessitated, first, investigating the tactics migrant women used during migration; second, identifying their migratory trajectories; and finally, understanding their experiences in the city of Tirana. To answer these questions, I conducted interviews with thirty-two migrant women involved in internal or multiple migratory trajectories who were all living in Tirana at the time when I conducted my fieldwork.
Information structure and OV word order in Old and Middle English: a phase-based approach
Authors: Struik Tara , van Kemenade Ans 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article re-examines the evidence for OV and VO variation and the loss of OV order in historical English, and presents a novel and unified analysis of Old and Middle English word order based on a uniform VO grammar, with leftward scrambling of specific types of objects. This analysis provides an insightful framework for a precise analysis of how OV word orders differ from VO word orders. We show in detail that OV with referential objects involves discourse-given objects. We then present a phase-based analysis from a VO base in which objects undergo feature-driven movement to spec,vP triggered by the information structure of the object. We propose that this analysis also yields a syntactic framework for analysing the derivation of preverbal quantified and negated objects, as well as a natural explanation for the stepwise loss of OV word order.
Sequential generalized Riemann–Liouville derivatives based on distributional convolution
Authors: Kleiner Tillmann , Hilfer Rudolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sequential generalized fractional Riemann–Liouville derivatives are introduced as composites of distributional derivatives on the right half axis and partially defined operators, called Dirac-function removers, that remove the component of singleton support at the origin of distributions that are of order zero on a neighborhood of the origin. The concept of Dirac-function removers allows to formulate generalized initial value problems with less restrictions on the orders and types than previous approaches to sequential fractional derivatives. The well-posedness of these initial value problems and the structure of their solutions are studied.
Combining shallow-water and analytical wake models for tidal array micro-siting
Authors: Jordan Connor , Dundovic Davor , Fragkou Anastasia K. , Deskos Georgios , Coles Daniel S. , Piggott Matthew D. , Angeloudis Athanasios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor tidal-stream energy to become a competitive renewable energy source, clustering multiple turbines into arrays is paramount. Array optimisation is thus critical for achieving maximum power performance and reducing cost of energy. However, ascertaining an optimal array layout is a complex problem, subject to specific site hydrodynamics and multiple inter-disciplinary constraints. In this work, we present a novel optimisation approach that combines an analytical-based wake model, FLORIS, with an ocean model, Thetis. The approach is demonstrated through applications of increasing complexity. By utilising the method of analytical wake superposition, the addition or alteration of turbine position does not require re-calculation of the entire flow field, thus allowing the use of simple heuristic techniques to perform optimisation at a fraction of the computational cost of more sophisticated methods. Using a custom condition-based placement algorithm, this methodology is applied to the Pentland Firth for arrays with turbines of $$3.05\,\hbox {m}/\hbox {s}$$

3.05

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rated speed, demonstrating practical implications whilst considering the temporal variability of the tide. For a 24-turbine array case, micro-siting using this technique delivered an array 15.8% more productive on average than a staggered layout, despite flow speeds regularly exceeding the rated value. Performance was evaluated through assessment of the optimised layout within the ocean model that treats turbines through a discrete turbine representation. Used iteratively, this methodology could deliver improved array configurations in a manner that accounts for local hydrodynamic effects.
Survey of Open Data Concepts Within Fundamental Physics: An Initiative of the PUNCH4NFDI Consortium
Authors: Enke Harry , Haungs Andreas , Schörner-Sadenius Thomas , Schwarz Kilian , Demleitner Markus , Geiser Achim , Heinrich Lukas , Kramer Michael , Maier Gernot , Schwarz Dominik , Seitz-Moskaliuk Hendrik , Simma Hubert , Sterzik Michael , Typel Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPUNCH4NFDI (Particles, Universe, NuClei and Hadrons for the NFDI) aims at developing concepts and tools for the efficient management of digital research products in fundamental physics research. At the heart of the research products are scientific data sets that should be made interoperable and available to a broad scientific community and the public for a sustainable usage (“open data”). The first PUNCH4NFDI “Open Data Workshop” gave the opportunity for an initial survey of existing and planned open data initiatives within the PUNCH science field. The paper addresses the conceptual differences and commonalities of the participating communities presented in the workshop. Existing open data collections were presented and discussed. This is an inquiry into the community’s requirements for a better use of open data and in this context also of “Open Science”.
Investigation on shock-induced separation loss mitigation method considering radial equilibrium in a transonic compressor rotor
Authors: Liu Y. , Zhao Q. , Zhao W. , Zhou Q. , Xu J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA shock-induced separation loss reduction method, using local blade suction surface shape modification (smooth ramp structure) with constant adverse pressure gradient with the consideration of radial equilibrium effect to split a single shock foot into multiple weaker shock wave configuration, is investigated on the NASA Rotor 37 for promoting aerodynamic performance of a transonic compressor rotor. Numerical investigation on baseline blade and improved one with blade modification on suction side has been conducted employing the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method to reveal flow physics of ramp structure. The results indicate that the passage shock foot of baseline is replaced with a family of compression waves and a weaker shock foot generating moderate adverse pressure gradient on ramp profile, which is beneficial for mitigating the shock foot and shrinking flow separation region as well. In addition, the radial secondary flow of low-momentum fluids within boundary layer is decreased significantly in the region of passage shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction on blade suction side, which mitigates the mass flow and mixing intensity of tip leakage flow. With the reduction of flow separation loss induced by passage shock, the adiabatic efficiency and total pressure ratio of improved rotor are superior to baseline model. This study herein implies a potential application of ramp profile in design method of transonic and supersonic compressors.