bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of self-healing in concrete with limestone coarse aggregate impregnated with Na2SiO3 solution
Authors: Cruz J C , Hernandez S M , Trejo-Arroyo D L , Zarhri Z , Zárate-Medina J , Jiménez Luis F , Gurrola M P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the self-healing process in concrete using limestone coarse aggregate impregnated with sodium silicate solution and encapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It discussed the self-healing mechanism by sodium silicate solution and evaluated the effect and the efficiency of this healing agent. To do this, limestone coarse aggregate was vacuum impregnated with a sodium silicate solution, encapsulated with PVA, and mixed into the concrete paste. The compressive strength was improved up to 50% in the concrete samples with sodium silicate. It also evaluated the porosity, density, and absorption ranges. It found a reduction of 4% in the range of absorption. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD), the chemical elements of the healing products were determined and the presence of the crystalline phases Etringite, Calcite, Dolomite and Minrecordite. This agreed with the chemical composition of dolomitic limestone’s (CaMg (CO3)2). The self-healing process was observed in the concrete samples cured at 28 days and was attributed to the formation of calcite crystals and silica gel C-S-H. Using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the hydration products like calcite and C-S-H were visualized. Self-healing in the concrete could be observed due to the impregnation of Sodium Silicate in the aggregates.
Towards range-guidance in proton therapy to detect organ motion-induced dose degradations
Authors: Busch Kia , Andersen Andreas Gravgaard , Petersen Jørgen Breede Baltzer , Petersen Stine Elleberg , Rønde Heidi S , Bentzen Lise Nørgaard , Pilskog Sara , Skyt Peter Sandegaard , Nørrevang Ole , Muren Ludvig Paul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Internal organ motion and deformations may cause dose degradations in proton therapy (PT) that are challenging to resolve using conventional image-guidance strategies. This study aimed to investigate the potential of range guidance using water-equivalent path length (WEPL) calculations to detect dose degradations occurring in PT. Materials and methods: Proton ranges were estimated using WEPL calculations. Field-specific isodose surfaces in the planning CT (pCT), from robustly optimised five-field proton plans (opposing lateral and three posterior/posterior oblique beams) for locally advanced prostate cancer patients, were used as starting points. WEPLs to each point on the field-specific isodoses in the pCT were calculated. The corresponding range for each point was found in the repeat CTs (rCTs). The spatial agreement between the resulting surfaces in the rCTs (hereafter referred to as iso-WEPLs) and the isodoses re-calculated in rCTs was evaluated for different dose levels and Hausdorff thresholds (2-5 mm). Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of detecting target dose degradation (V95%<95%) using spatial agreement measures between the iso-WEPLs and isodoses in the pCT was evaluated. Results: The spatial agreement between the iso-WEPLs and isodoses in the rCTs depended on the Hausdorff threshold. The agreement was 65-88% for a 2 mm threshold, 83-96% for 3 mm, 90-99% for 4 mm, and 94-99% for 5 mm, across all fields and isodose levels. Minor differences were observed between the different isodose levels investigated. Target dose degradations were detected with 82-100% sensitivity and 75-80% specificity using a 2 mm Hausdorff threshold for the lateral fields. Conclusion: Iso-WEPLs were comparable to isodoses re-calculated in the rCTs. The proposed strategy could detect target dose degradations occurring in the rCTs and could be an alternative to a fully-fledged dose re-calculation to detect anatomical variations severely influencing the proton range.
Liquid metal polymer composites: from printed stretchable circuits to soft actuators
Authors: Majidi Carmel , Alizadeh Kaveh , Ohm Yunsik , Silva Andre , Tavakoli Mahmoud 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Soft polymers embedded with liquid metals like eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) exhibit unique combinations of mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that are not possible with other material systems. For example, a soft silicone elastomer embedded with a percolating network of EGaIn microdroplets can function as a highly soft and elastic conductor that can be stretched to 600% strain without significant change in electrical resistance. Depending on the choice of polymer matrix and EGaIn microstructure, these soft material composites can be engineered to exhibit mechanical and electrical self-healing properties as well as high fracture toughness and resistance to tearing. Moreover, when solid filler particles like silver flakes are added to EGaIn-polymer composites, they can function as printable conductive inks that are fully elastic, non-marking, and non-smearing when cured. In this short review, we present different classes of EGaIn-polymer composites, discuss approaches to materials synthesis and patterning, and compare their properties with other material systems. Additionally, we will review applications of this emerging class of materials in domains ranging from wearable bioelectronics to soft robotics, shape programmable smart materials, as well as energy storage and harvesting devices.
Two flows Kowalevski top as the full genus two Jacobi’s inversion problem and Sp(4,

R

) lie group structure
Authors: Hayashi Masahito , Shigemoto Kazuyasu , Tsukioka Takuya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
By using the first and second flows of the Kowalevski top, we can recreate the Kowalevski top into two−flows Kowalevski top, which has two−time variables. Then, we demonstrate that equations of the two−flows Kowalevski top become those of the full genus two Jacobi inversion problem. In addition to the Lax pair for the first flow, we construct a Lax pair for the second flow. Using the first and second flows, we demonstrate that the Lie group structure of these two Lax pairs is Sp(4,

R

)/

Z

2

≅

SO
(
3
,
2
)

. With the two−flows Kowalevski top, we can conclude that the Lie group structure of the genus two hyperelliptic function is Sp(4,

R

)/

Z

2

≅

SO
(
3
,
2
)

.
Examining the changes in the spatial manifestation and the rate of arrival of large tornado outbreaks
Authors: Nouri Niloufar , Devineni Naresh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study presents an assessment of the spatial and temporal characteristics of large tornado outbreak (LTOs) days, in which several counties were impacted by tornadoes rated F2(EF2) or greater on the Fujita (Enhanced Fujita) scale in one day. A statistical evaluation of changes in the LTO clusters for two periods, 1950–1980 and 1989–2019, has been performed. There is a geographical shift of the nucleus (central impact location) towards the southeast United States. This spatial shift is also accompanied by reduced spatial variance, suggesting LTOs have become less dispersed (or more localized) in the recent period. The overall inter-arrival rate of LTOs, and how it changed during successive 31-year climatological blocks between 1950–2019 was investigated using an exponential probability model. The arrival rate has changed from 124 days during 1950–1980 to 164 days during 1977–2007 and remained relatively constant during later periods, indicating that LTOs are becoming less frequent.
Calcium cobaltite, a promising oxide for energy harvesting: effective strategies toward enhanced thermoelectric performance
Authors: Yu Jincheng , Freer Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials are able to generate power from waste heat and thereby provide an alternative source of sustainable energy. Calcium cobaltite is a promising p-type TE oxide because of its intrinsically low thermal conductivity arising from the misfit-layered structure. Its structural framework contains two sub-layers with different incommensurate periodicities, offering different sites for substituting elements; the plate-like grain structure contributes to texture development, thereby providing opportunities to modulate the TE response. In this topical review, we briefly introduce the misfit crystal structure of calcium cobaltite and summarize three efficient strategies to enhance the TE performance, namely (a) elemental doping, (b) optimization of fabrication route, and (c) composite design. For each strategy, examples are presented and enhancing mechanisms are discussed. The roles of dopants, processing routes and phase composition are identified to provide insights into processing-microstructure-property relationships for calcium cobaltite based materials. We outline some of the challenges that still need to be addressed and hope that the proposed strategies can be exploited in other TE systems.
Optimal insulation thickness of walls using improved Particle swarm optimization
Authors: Chen Xiaofang , Deng Fukang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Uninsulated external walls and inappropriate insulation of buildings are the main reason for energy losses. In this study, novel configurations of multi-layer pre-fabricate wall elements were used to enhance the ability of energy-saving and decrease the payback periods and investments in residential houses in five cities in Iran with different energy demands. Also, an optimization strategy is applied to determine optimum insulation thickness for external walls. The evaluation process is based on using natural gas and electricity in Iran’s buildings for heating and cooling, respectively. The optimum required insulation thickness in Cities with different climates according to their degree/day value for four different insulation materials (extruded polystyrene, glass wool, rock wool, and polyurethane) is achieved using a novel optimization method (Improved PSO). According to the obtained results, annual cost saving for

1

m

2

of the wall in case of simultaneous heating & cooling is more than cooling and heating alone. However, for the payback period, simultaneous heating & cooling has a lower payback period than cooling and heating alone. The results revealed that the cost of rock wool is higher, and the cost of polyurethane is higher than the cost of all other insulating materials in Ardabil. Also, the optimal insulation thickness for the Ardabil city with hollow brick walls and heating and cooling needs is

x
=
0.015
m

and

x
=
0.005
m

for the XPS, respectively.
Magnetic field robust high quality factor NbTiN superconducting microwave resonators
Authors: Müller M , Luschmann T , Faltermeier A , Weichselbaumer S , Koch L , Huber G B P , Schumacher H W , Ubbelohde N , Reifert D , Scheller T , Deppe F , Marx A , Filipp S , Althammer M , Gross R , Huebl H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We systematically study the performance of compact lumped element planar microwave Nb70Ti30N (NbTiN) resonators operating at 5 GHz in external in-plane magnetic fields up to 440 mT, a broad temperature regime from 2.2 K up to 13 K, as well as mK temperatures. For comparison, the resonators have been fabricated on thermally oxidized and pristine, (001) oriented silicon substrates. When operating the resonators in the multi-photon regime at T = 2.2 K, we find internal quality factors Q
int ≃ 2 × 105 for NbTiN resonators grown on pristine Si substrates. In addition, we investigate the Q-factors of the resonators on pristine Si substrates at millikelvin temperatures to assess their applicability for quantum applications. We find Q
int ≃ 2 × 105 in the single photon regime and Q
int ≃ 5 × 105 in the high power regime at T = 7 mK. From the excellent performance of our resonators over a broad temperature and magnetic field range, we conclude that NbTiN deposited on Si (100) substrates, where the surface oxide has been removed, constitutes a promising material platform for electron spin resonance and ferromagnetic resonance experiments using superconducting planar microwave resonators.
The Gelfand problem on annular domains of double revolution with monotonicity
Authors: Aghajani A. , Cowan C. , Moameni A. 
Published: February 2022

We consider the following Gelfand problem

(
P

)
λ

{

−
Δ
u
=
λ
a
(
x
)
f
(
u
)

a
m
p
;
in
Ω
,

u
>
0

a
m
p
;
in
Ω
,

u
=
0

a
m
p
;
on
∂
Ω
,

\begin{equation*} (P)_\lambda \qquad \left \{\begin {array}{ll} -\Delta u = \lambda a(x) f(u) & \text { in } \Omega , \\ u>0 & \text { in } \Omega , \\ u= 0 & \text { on } \partial \Omega , \end{array}\right . \end{equation*}

where

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

is a parameter and

f
(
u
)
=

e
u

f(u)=e^u

or

f
(
u
)
=
(
u
+
1

)
p

f(u)=(u+1)^p

where

p
>
1

p>1

and

a
(
x
)

a(x)

is a nonnegative function with certain monotonicity (we allow

a
(
x
)
=
1

a(x)=1

). Here

Ω
\Omega

is an annular domain which is also a double domain of revolution. Our interest will be in the question of the regularity of the extremal solution. We obtain improved compactness because of the annular nature of the domain and we obtain further compactness under some monotonicity assumptions on the domain.
Development of Hypertension Diagnostic Cutoff Values in 6–15 Years Old Children in Haikou City and Their Comparison With the National Standard
Authors: Ouyang Fan-Xian , Zhuo Yin , Li Xiao-Xue , Fang Gui-Yu , Bu Ping-Feng , Zhuo Jia-Ren , Huo Kai-ming , Yu Ren-He 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
To develop the diagnostic criteria of childhood hypertension for different sex, age, and height in Haikou City and compare them with the national standard.

Methods
Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to sample 11,497 students from 227 classes of 29 primary and secondary schools at Haikou. Their height, weight, and blood pressure (BP) were measured during October 2013 to December 2014. The BP values were obtained with method of Korotkoff mercury sphygmomanometer by the trained examiners. Non-Haikou students and abnormal discrete samples were excluded. A total of 9,100 students of normal weight and height, aged 6–15 years, were enrolled. The sex-, age-, and height-specific BP percentile of 90%, 95%, and 99% (P90, P95, and P99) were calculated.

Results
The sex-, age-, and height-specific BP cutoff values of prehypertension (P90), grade 1 hypertension (P95), and grade 2 hypertension (P99) of children aged 6–15 years were developed. Compared with the 2017 national reference (“reference 2017”), the following characteristics were observed. The average height and height range of the same percentile in children at Haikou were lower. The P90 and P95 of systolic BP in Haikou were similar in most age groups of both sexes, but 4–5 mm Hg lower in 15-year-old males. Likewise, the P99 of systolic BP in Haikou was 1–8 mm Hg higher, except for 15-year-old males, which was 2 mm Hg lower. The difference of P90, P95, and P99 of diastolic BP between Haikou and “reference 2017” ranged from −1 to 5 mm Hg.

Conclusions
Hypertension of children aged 6–15 years in Haikou has its own characteristics and is different from the “reference 2017.”
Glutamate in the medium of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FL-664 affects the production of IL-12(p40) on murine spleen cells
Authors: Kawamoto-Miyamoto Noriko , Hosoda Hiroshi , Miyoshi Kazuyuki , Nomoto Koji 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been attracting attention for their effects on innate immunity, and therefore, it is required to develop an efficient culturing method while maintaining their functionality. In this study, first, we compared the growth and functionality of LAB cultured on food grade (FG) medium with those on standard LAB medium and found that LAB cultured in the FG medium were smaller in cell size with high yield and had a higher ability to induce IL-12(p40) production by murine spleen cells in vitro. Moreover, the higher the glutamate concentration in the medium, the smaller the cell size, and the higher the yield and the higher the ability to induce IL-12 production. Addition of glutamate to the culture medium changes the size of LAB and affects their ability to induce IL-12(p40) production. In conclusion, regulating the concentration of glutamate would be important in the efficient culturing of functional LAB.
Identify connectome between genotypes and brain network phenotypes via deep self-reconstruction sparse canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Wang Meiling , Shao Wei , Hao Xiaoke , Huang Shuo , Zhang Daoqiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Motivation
As a rising research topic, brain imaging genetics aims to investigate the potential genetic architecture of both brain structure and function. It should be noted that in the brain, not all variations are deservedly caused by genetic effect, and it is generally unknown which imaging phenotypes are promising for genetic analysis.

Results
In this work, genetic variants (i.e. the single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) can be correlated with brain networks (i.e. quantitative trait, QT), so that the connectome (including the brain regions and connectivity features) of functional brain networks from the functional magnetic resonance imaging data is identified. Specifically, a connection matrix is firstly constructed, whose upper triangle elements are selected to be connectivity features. Then, the PageRank algorithm is exploited for estimating the importance of different brain regions as the brain region features. Finally, a deep self-reconstruction sparse canonical correlation analysis (DS-SCCA) method is developed for the identification of genetic associations with functional connectivity phenotypic markers. This approach is a regularized, deep extension, scalable multi-SNP-multi-QT method, which is well-suited for applying imaging genetic association analysis to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative datasets. It is further optimized by adopting a parametric approach, augmented Lagrange and stochastic gradient descent. Extensive experiments are provided to validate that the DS-SCCA approach realizes strong associations and discovers functional connectivity and brain region phenotypic biomarkers to guide disease interpretation.

Availability and implementation
The Matlab code is available at https://github.com/meimeiling/DS-SCCA/tree/main.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ductal carcinomain situ: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davey Matthew G. , O’Flaherty Colm , Cleere Eoin F. , Nohilly Aoife , Phelan James , Ronane Evan , Lowery Aoife J. , Kerin Michael J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAxillary lymph node status remains the most powerful prognostic indicator in invasive breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive disease and does not spread to axillary lymph nodes. The presence of an invasive component to DCIS mandates nodal evaluation through sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Quantification of the necessity of upfront SLNB for DCIS requires investigation. The aim was to establish the likelihood of having a positive SLNB (SLNB+) for DCIS and to establish parameters predictive of SLNB+.MethodsA systematic review was performed as per the PRISMA guidelines. Prospective studies only were included. Characteristics predictive of SLNB+ were expressed as dichotomous variables and pooled as odds ratios (o.r.) and associated 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.) using the Mantel–Haenszel method.ResultsOverall, 16 studies including 4388 patients were included (mean patient age 54.8 (range 24 to 92) years). Of these, 72.5 per cent of patients underwent SLNB (3156 of 4356 patients) and 4.9 per cent had SLNB+ (153 of 3153 patients). The likelihood of having SLNB+ for DCIS was less than 1 per cent (o.r. &lt;0.01, 95 per cent c.i. 0.00 to 0.01; P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 93 per cent). Palpable DCIS (o.r. 2.01, 95 per cent c.i. 0.64 to 6.24; P = 0.230, I2 = 0 per cent), tumour necrosis (o.r. 3.84, 95 per cent c.i. 0.85 to 17.44; P = 0.080, I2 = 83 per cent), and grade 3 DCIS (o.r. 1.34, 95 per cent c.i. 0.80 to 2.23; P = 0.270, I2 = 0 per cent) all trended towards significance in predicting SLNB+.ConclusionWhile aggressive clinicopathological parameters may guide SLNB for patients with DCIS, the absolute and relative risk of SLNB+ for DCIS is less than 5 per cent and 1 per cent, respectively. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to establish fully the necessity of SLNB for patients diagnosed with DCIS.Registration numberCRD42021284194 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/)
Association of prenatal acetaminophen use and acetaminophen metabolites with DNA methylation of newborns: analysis of two consecutive generations of the Isle of Wight birth cohort
Authors: Eslamimehr Shakiba , Jones A Daniel , Anthony Thilani M , Arshad S Hasan , Holloway John W , Ewart Susan , Luo Rui , Mukherjee Nandini , Kheirkhah Rahimabad Parnian , Chen Su , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Acetaminophen is used by nearly two-thirds of pregnant women. Although considered safe, studies have demonstrated associations between prenatal acetaminophen use and adverse health outcomes in offspring. Since DNA methylation (DNAm) at birth may act as an early indicator of later health, assessments on whether DNAm of newborns is associated with gestational acetaminophen use or its metabolites are needed. Using data from three consecutive generations of the Isle of Wight cohort (F0-grandmothers, F1-mothers, and F2-offspring) we investigated associations between acetaminophen metabolites in F0 serum at delivery with epigenome-wide DNAm in F1 (Guthrie cards) and between acetaminophen use of F1 and F2-cord-serum levels with F2 cord blood DNAm. In epigenome-wide screening, we eliminated non-informative DNAm sites followed by linear regression of informative sites. Based on repeated pregnancies, indication bias analyses tested whether acetaminophen indicated maternal diseases or has a risk in its own right. Considering that individuals with similar intake process acetaminophen differently, metabolites were clustered to distinguish metabolic exposures. Finally, metabolite clusters from F1-maternal and F2-cord sera were tested for their associations with newborn DNAm (F1 and F2). Twenty-one differential DNAm sites in cord blood were associated with reported maternal acetaminophen intake in the F2 generation. For 11 of these cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, an indication bias was excluded and five were replicated in F2 with metabolite clusters. In addition, metabolite clusters showed associations with 25 CpGs in the F0-F1 discovery analysis, of which five CpGs were replicated in the F2-generation. Our results suggest that prenatal acetaminophen use, measured as metabolites, may influence DNAm in newborns.