bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of chopped glass fiber composites with difunctional benzoxazine and bio‐based phthalonitrile copolymer: A study of mechanical and thermomechanical properties
Authors: Alshahrani Hassan , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Liu Wen‐Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe randomly‐oriented glass fibers (GF) reinforced composites with Bisphenol A–amine based benzoxazine (BA‐a) and bio‐based eugenol‐based phthalonitrile (EPN) copolymer were developed by an isothermal compression molding technique. The silane coupling agent‐treated GF (TGF) reinforced composites showed much better impact strength as compared to as‐received GF reinforced composites. A rise of 95.2 MPa, 5.5GPa, 69.1 MPa, and 2.5GPa in flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and Young's modulus were observed, respectively. The DMA results confirmed that the storage modulus (E') and glass transition temperature (Tg) were gradually increased and the damping factor decreased as the TGF reinforcement was raised from 0 to 40 wt%. E' and Tg values were 3.09 GPa and 27°C, respectively, higher than the recorded values for the neat copolymer. The 40 wt% TGF reinforced poly(BA‐a/EPN) composite showed the maximum thermal stability values of 475.4, 507.3°C, and 75.43% for T5, T10, and Yc, respectively. The LOI values confirm that the TGF/copolymer composites have self‐extinguishing properties.
Anthropause shows differential influence of tourism and a no‐take reserve on the abundance and size of two fished species
Authors: Kough Andrew S. , Gutzler Benjamin C. , Tuttle Justin G. , Palma Nicole , Knowles Lindy C. , Waterhouse Lynn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Marine reserves are essential spatial conservation tools that have been shown to work alongside fishery management strategies to provide benefits to ecosystems and communities. Reserves often incentivize local tourism, which can provide the impetus for reserve creation but may have negative impacts on the ecosystem.
The COVID‐19 pandemic paused global travel and provided an unprecedented opportunity to compare short‐term changes in exploited populations, during the reprieve from visitation provided by this ‘anthropause’, with the results of long‐term conservation management.
Repeated surveys of Caribbean spiny lobster and Nassau grouper were conducted at popular dive and snorkel locations within a Bahamian no‐take reserve and surrounding areas during peak visitation prior to travel restrictions and immediately after restrictions were lifted. Repeated survey results were referenced against surveys over a broader area, including another Bahamian Bank, to examine the consistency of effects and how the ease of access for fishers impacted abundance.
In the reserve, lobsters were encountered in significantly greater abundances, and significantly greater sizes of both lobster and grouper were observed in repeated surveys. Significantly more grouper were encountered during the repeated survey within the reserve after travel restrictions, but lobster abundances did not change significantly.
Over a broader scale, lobster abundance was significantly greater further from population centres. Observed lobster abundance was affected by habitat and inferred fishing pressure, whereas observed grouper abundance was affected by survey depth, effort, and habitat.
Marine reserves had clear benefits for both species and likely facilitated an increase in grouper abundance during the anthropause. Lobsters are a sustainably managed stock in The Bahamas, whereas grouper are a threatened species that appear to have benefited from an unplanned fishery restriction. Well‐managed marine reserves enhance populations long term and can have additive effects with fisheries management over short timescales.
Neurochemical classification of serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons co‐innervating motor endplates in the mouse esophagus
Authors: Zinsser‐Krys Jillena , Kapitza Christopher , Böhnke Lena , van der Keylen Piet , Neuhuber Winfried L. , Wörl Jürgen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSerotonin immunoreactivity was previously found in myenteric neurons co‐innervating motor endplates in the mouse esophagus striated muscle and an involvement in motility control was suggested. However, it is not known if other neuroactive substances are present in these neurons and to what extent they co‐localize. First, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was established as a bona fide marker for putative inhibitory myenteric neurons by evaluating co‐localization with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Then, co‐localization of serotonin and VIP was tested in co‐innervating axons on motor endplates, which were visualized with α‐bungarotoxin (α‐BT) by multilabel immunofluorescence. Myenteric ganglia were also surveyed for co‐localization in neuronal perikarya and varicosities. nNOS, NPY, and VIP were completely co‐localized in enteric co‐innervating nerve terminals on motor endplates. After co‐staining with VIP, we found (a) serotonin (5‐HT)‐positive nerve endings without VIP (44% of 5‐HT‐positively innervated endplates), (b) 5‐HT‐ and VIP‐positive endings without co‐localization (35%), and (c) 5‐HT‐ and VIP‐positive endings with co‐localization (21%). About one‐fifth of nerve terminals on motor endplates containing 5‐HT originate from putative inhibitory peptidegic nitrergic neurons. However, the majority represents a different population presumably subserving different functions.
Capturing variations in how spelling is taught in primary school classrooms in England
Authors: Esposito Rosanne , Herbert Elisabeth , Sumner Emma 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMastering spelling is important for children to progress in writing. The National Curriculum in England details spelling lists linked to each year group in primary education. Assessment practices also emphasise the importance of teaching spelling. However, to date, little is known about how teachers feel about teaching spelling nor the instructional methods that they use in primary schools in England. This study addresses this gap by investigating approaches to teaching spelling. An online survey was distributed to primary‐based teaching staff with roles in supporting teaching and learning. The survey asked for information about the respondents’ teaching experience and school setting, and about their attitudes and approach to teaching spelling. The survey was completed in full by 158 respondents. Approaches to teaching spelling were varied and over two‐thirds of the sample highlighted that their school did not have a spelling policy. The importance of explicit teaching of spelling was supported by the majority of teachers. This judgement was more frequent and rated more highly by teachers supporting younger children. Teachers largely reported devising their own spelling resources, highlighted that the curriculum spelling lists lack guidance for teaching spelling strategies and questioned their suitability for pupils of varying abilities. A range of spelling programmes and strategies were recorded. The findings provide insight into universal instructional approaches. Practical implications for teacher training and professional development are discussed.
From developmental to atavistic bet‐hedging: How cancer cells pervert the exploitation of random single‐cell phenotypic fluctuations
Authors: Capp Jean‐Pascal , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStochastic gene expression plays a leading developmental role through its contribution to cell differentiation. It is also proposed to promote phenotypic diversification in malignant cells. However, it remains unclear if these two forms of cellular bet‐hedging are identical or rather display distinct features. Here we argue that bet‐hedging phenomena in cancer cells are more similar to those occurring in unicellular organisms than to those of normal metazoan cells. We further propose that the atavistic bet‐hedging strategies in cancer originate from a hijacking of the normal developmental bet‐hedging of metazoans. Finally, we discuss the constraints that may shape the atavistic bet‐hedging strategies of cancer cells.
A Q‐Q plot aids interpretation of the false discovery rate
Authors: Galwey Nicholas W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFalse discovery rates are routinely controlled by application of the Benjamini–Hochberg step‐up procedure to a set of p‐values. A method is demonstrated for representing the values so obtained (the BH‐FDRs) on a quantile–quantile (Q‐Q) plot of the p‐values transformed to the negative‐logarithmic scale. Recognition of this connection between the BH‐FDR and the Q‐Q plot facilitates both understanding of the meaning of the BH‐FDR and interpretation of the BH‐FDR in a particular data set.
Time‐lagged interspecies interactions prevail during biofilm development in moving bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Yuan Shasha , Guo Sixian , Huang Xihao , Meng Fangang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClarifying the essential succession dynamics of interspecies interactions during biofilm development is crucial for the regulation and application of biofilm‐based processes. In this study, regular and time‐series phylogenetic molecular ecological networks were constructed to investigate ordinary and time‐lagged interspecies interactions during biofilm development in a moving bed biofilm reactor. Positive interactions dominated both regular (89.78%) and time‐series (77.04%) ecological networks, suggesting that extensive cooperative behaviors facilitated biofilm development. The pronounced directional interactions (72.52%) in the time‐series network further indicated that time‐lagged interspecies interactions prevailed in the biofilm development process. Specifically, the proportion of directional negative interactions was higher than that of positive interactions, implying that interspecific competition preferred to be time‐lagged. The time‐series network revealed that module hubs exhibited extensive time‐lagged positive interactions with their neighbors, and most of them exhibited altruistic behaviors. Keystone species possessing more positive interactions were positively correlated with biofilm biomass, NO3−‐N concentrations, and the removal efficiencies of NH4+‐N and chemical oxygen demand. However, keystone species and peripherals that were negatively targeted by their neighbors showed positive correlations with the concentrations of NO2−‐N, polysaccharides, and proteins in the soluble microbial products. The data highlight that the time‐series network can provide directional microbial interactions along with the biofilm development process, which would help to predict the tendency of community shifts and propose efficient strategies for the regulation of biofilm‐based processes.
Visualizing protein data sets in R through a student peer‐review rubric
Authors: Friedman Alon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe R programming language and computing environment is a powerful and common platform used by life science researchers and educators for the analysis of big data. One of the benefits of using R in this context is its ability to visualize the results. Using R to generate visualizations has gained in popularity due to the increased number of R packages available to convert data to graphic display. In this paper, I ask the following question: how can student engagement with protein analysis be promoted using R‐based visualizations in the classroom? During the 2021 IUBMB/ASBMD workshop “Teaching Science with Big Data”, I presented a teaching strategy that used R for the visualization of protein data. In this report, I provide a teaching procedure and a summary of how students engaged with these data in our Introduction to R for Professional Data Science class. This report is based on a case study methodology by reviewing student peer comments for protein analyses conducted in R. The results indicated that students were active participants in the peer‐review process and that they learned to take a critical view of data visualization.
Teaching biology students data exploration and visualization in a data‐driven world
Authors: Hilliker Angela K. , Grayson Kristine L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs biologists accumulate or encounter increasingly large and complex data sets, our field creates the need for students to develop skills in data exploration and visualization. Many biology courses lack the time for students to develop the skills needed to parse complex datasets and visualize them appropriately. We developed a new upper‐level undergraduate biology course to focused on data exploration and communication without requiring previous coding experience. We emphasized data visualization principles and best practices and taught students how to manage and visualize data via Tableau and R. We also explored scientific ethics, how to refute misinformation, and inequities that can occur in data collection and usage.
Development of a validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for quantification of lupeol from different parts of Bauhinia acuminata
Authors: Nakkala Komalatha , Laddha Kirti S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe goal of the study was to determine how much lupeol was present in different Bauhinia acuminata samples. Lupeol was analyzed using a unique (verified) high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. Separation of various compounds was achieved on silica gel (66 F 254) plates with toluene and methanol (99:1) as the mobile phase, followed by derivatization with Liebermann–Burchard reagent (r2 = 0.996). The proposed approach demonstrated a satisfactory linear relationship in the concentration range of 4–8 μg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 63.84 ng/spot and 208.57 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed method was a simple and precise procedure that provided good resolution with other constituents of extracts. The validated HPTLC method described was simple, dependable, and practical and could be useful for standardizing and evaluating the quality of herbal material and formulations containing various Bauhinia species. The leaf, stem, unsaponified matter leaf, and stem petroleum ether extract had good amounts of lupeol (25.75, 38.25, 1.65, and 1.75, respectively). This research will be helpful for the quantitative determination of lupeol from herbal formulations as well as useful for further studies in this area.
The role of neuroticism and conscientious facets in academic motivation
Authors: Apostolov Nikolas , Geldenhuys Madelyn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPersonality differences have been demonstrated to influence an individual's academic performance in different ways. Notably, conscientiousness is the most consistent significant predictor of academic performance, while neuroticism shows inconsistent results.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the relationship between the facets of conscientiousness and neuroticism on academic motivation.MethodThe study was conducted in Australia and consisted of 285 undergraduate students. The International Personality Item Pool and Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire were used to measure personality and motivation, respectively. Structural equation modeling results revealed that conscientiousness had the most significant relationship with academic motivation, while neuroticism was negatively related. The conscientious facets of self‐efficacy and achievement striving were positively related to academic motivation. The results also revealed that the anxiety facet of neuroticism was the only significant positive predictor for academic motivation, while depression and vulnerability were negatively related.ConclusionThis study reveals how personality facets contribute to academic motivation over assessing grades and superordinate factors alone. Trait‐level anxiety significantly contributes to academic motivation, helping us shed light on underlying mechanisms such as defensive pessimism, resulting in higher motivation due to fearing the worst.
Vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 are safe to administer in patients with antibodies to pegaspargase
Authors: Swanson Hope D. , Hakim Hana , Hijano Diego R. , Morton Ted , Cross Shane , Inaba Hiroto , Jeha Sima , Pui Ching‐Hon , Karol Seth E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveAllergic reactions to pegaspargase during ALL therapy are typically due to antibodies against polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is also used as a stabilizing agent in mRNA‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. To evaluate the safety of these vaccines in patients with anti‐pegaspargase antibodies.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of patients treated for ALL who had received SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccinations. All patients had antibodies against pegaspargase assayed during ALL therapy prospectively and in response to clinical allergies. Symptoms of intolerance to vaccination were gathered retrospectively from chart abstraction.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination was well tolerated in all 78 patients with prior exposure to pegaspargase as part of their leukemia therapy. No reactions were observed in the 54 patients without a history of anti‐pegaspargase antibodies or in 19 patients with antibodies who received mRNA vaccination. 1 patient who received the polysorbate containing Janssen vaccine experienced mild symptoms after vaccination not meeting the criteria of clinical allergy which spontaneously resolved within 25 minutes.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is safe in this population.
Case of a lung collision tumor consisting of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Sasaki Masato , Sakon Kayo , Tanaka Kaede , Okada Akitoshi , Ikeda Takeshi , Koshiji Takaaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAmong the reports of malignant collision tumors, collision tumors consisting of lung cancer and malignant lymphoma are extremely rare. We report case of a lung collision tumor consisting of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.
Native right‐sided endocarditis in intravenous drug user: A case report
Authors: Franca Hudson , Broceta Martínez Abelardo , Chohan Farah A. , Ishak Angela , Rocher Maray , Pokhrel Nishan Babu , Jaiswal Vikash 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn increased rate of hospitalizations due to right‐sided infective endocarditis is currently witnessed due to the rapid rise of IV drug use. In this case report, we aim to discuss the long‐term outcome and highlight the various diagnostic approaches and management difficulties that are encountered in these cases.
Nitrogen and Sulfur Enriched Porous Carbon Materials with Trace Fe Derived from Hyper‐Crosslinked Polymer as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Barman Jayshree , Deka Namrata , Maji Pradip K. , Dutta Gitish K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExploring and designing a non‐precious metal‐based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions with high efficiency is imperative for commercializing fuel cell technology. In the present work, an approach to synthesize N, and S ‐doped porous carbon catalysts with trace Fe derived from N, S enriched hyper‐crosslinked polymer for ORR by ZnCl2 activation at high temperature is described. The optimized catalyst (HCP‐NSZn‐900) exhibited an impressive catalytic activity towards ORR due to its high surface area, excellent porosity, and effective doping of Fe and heteroatoms. Accordingly, HCP‐NSZn‐900 demonstrates a high onset potential of 0.98 V (vs. RHE) with a large diffusion‐limited current density of 4.72 mA cm−2, and improved tolerance to methanol crossover, significantly longer durability in contrast to the Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, HCP‐NSZn‐900 confirmed the 4‐electron transfer selectivity (n∼4.0). Therefore, the synthesized materials could be a potential replacement for Pt/C catalyst for energy conversion technologies.
An Iodide‐Mediated Anodic Amide Coupling
Authors: Großmann Luca Marius , Beier Vera , Duttenhofer Lea , Lennartz Laura , Opatz Till 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ubiquity of amide bonds, present in natural products and common pharmaceuticals renders this functional group one of the most prevalent in organic chemistry. Despite its importance and a wide variety of existing methods for its formation, the latter still can be a challenge for classical activating reagents such as chloridating agents or carbodiimides. As the spent reagents often cannot be recycled, the development of more sustainable methods is highly desirable. Herein, we report an operationally simple and mild indirect electrochemical protocol to effect the condensation of carboxylic acids with amines, forming a wide variety of carboxamides.
Adsorption‐hydration hybrid process for CO2 capture in a fixed bed of activated carbons
Authors: Dai Wen‐Xin , Li Xi‐Yue , Zhong Dong‐Liang , Yan Jin , Dong Kai , Deng Xiao‐Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work reports an investigation of using a fixed bed of activated carbons (ACs) to capture CO2 at hydrate formation conditions. The experiments were conducted at 277.15 K and 3.5 MPa. The water saturation (WS) of the fixed bed of ACs varies from 0% to 100%. The results indicate that an adsorption‐hydration hybrid process occurred in the fixed bed of wet ACs while a single adsorption process occurred in the fixed bed of dry ACs. The adsorption‐hydration hybrid process performs better than the single adsorption process for CO2 capture. Gas consumption at 100% WS is 3.18 times greater than that obtained using dry ACs (single adsorption process). It is found that 40% WS is an optimal value, and the gas consumption obtained at this WS is larger than that obtained at 0%, 70%, and 100% WS. This gas consumption is also greater than that obtained using stirred reactors at the same temperature and pressure conditions, so the adsorption‐hydration hybrid process achieved in the fixed bed of wet ACs has a greater potential to capture CO2 in comparison with the single adsorption or hydrate formation process.
Bio‐Based Solid Electrolytes Bearing Cyclic Carbonates for Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Raj Ashish , Panchireddy Satyannarayana , Grignard Bruno , Detrembleur Christophe , Gohy Jean‐François 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGreen resources for lithium‐based batteries excite many researchers due to their eco‐friendly nature. In this work, a sustainable bio‐based solid‐state electrolyte was developed based on carbonated soybean oil (CSBO), obtained by organocatalyzed coupling of CO2to epoxidized soybean oil. CSBO coupled with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt on a bio‐based cellulose separator resulted in free‐standing membranes. Those membranes on electrochemical measurements exhibited ionic conductivity of around 10−3 S cm−1at 100 °C and around 10−6 S cm−1at room temperature with wide electrochemical stability window (up to 4.6 V vs. Li/Li+) and transference number up to 0.39 at RT. Further investigations on the galvanostatic charge‐discharge of LiFePO4cathodes with CSBO‐based electrolyte membranes and lithium metal anodes delivered the gravimetric capacity of 112 and 157 mAh g−1at RT and 60 °C, respectively, providing a promising direction to further develop bio‐based solid electrolytes for sustainable solid‐state lithium batteries.