bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors of Parallelism and their Impact on Dense Algebra Problems
Authors: Shrawankar Urmila 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In multi-core systems, various factors like inter-process communication, dependency, resource sharing and scheduling, level of parallelism, synchronization, number of available cores etc. influence the extent of possible parallelization. These parameters of parallelism and the problems of parallelization of mathematical computations on parallel systems as well as the optimal way of parallelizing the mathematical computations. This paper emphasizes on the inter-relationship among the above mentioned parameters of parallelism and their role in Dense Linear Algebra (DLA) problems. The concept of basic parallelism addresses the issue of Thread Level Parallelism (TLP), Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) and their inter-relation as well as the role of synchronization and dependency management. Affinity based scheduling and gang scheduling are referred for dealing with the idea of adaptive scheduling in multicore dynamic systems. Data structure of Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is used for depicting dependency among tasks before attempting parallelism. Fork join modelling is emphasized on for simplification of task dependency and sorting out parallelizable sections of considered problems. The DLA problems of Matrix Multiplication and integral calculation are considered for the above task. The comparative analysis of results obtained clarifies the trade-off between serial and parallel execution of DLA problems.
Students’ Awareness of E-waste and Its Disposal Practices: a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Adeel Sultan , Nayab Anam , Qureshi Moeez Ullah , Channa Khalil Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An exponential increase in technology consumption at an individual level boosted e-waste generation. Pakistan is among a few countries generating and receiving enormous e-waste, thus positing a threat to our future generations. A review of recent studies also suggested a dire need to explore e-waste awareness and its disposal practices to design policies for avoiding the most likely threat to human and environmental health. To this end, we explored consumer awareness of e-waste and noticeable factors hindering the disposal of laptops, personal computers, and mobiles. The study used the qualitative research approach and non-probability sampling. We collected data through four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with students of a Pakistani university. After data saturation, we developed themes from FGDs and points jotted down in the self-memos. We found computer sciences and engineering students with better awareness than other students. The factors hindering e-waste disposal were lower monetary benefits for disposing of, breach of sensitive information, nostalgic association with devices, and non-availability of disposal facilities. Other variables like lower resale value and high family sharing increased the storage of e-devices and curbed e-waste disposal. The research is among a few initial attempts to explore e-waste awareness and factors hindering disposal behavior in e-waste receiving countries (e.g., Pakistan) and provides evidence from students who are the primary users. Our findings are crucial for policymakers and tech companies to take corrective actions, introduce monetary benefits, and secure disposal facilities to increase e-waste disposal.
Comparative Studies of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models as Screening Tools for Women in Low -and Middle-income Societies
Authors: Danladi Ceasar Dubor , Serakinci Nedime 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Early detection of breast cancer alters the prognosis and tools that can predict the risk for breast cancer in women will have a significant impact on health care systems in low -and middle-income regions.
Objective
We compared the performances of the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) model, International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS) model and Gail model in predicting the risk of breast cancer in the women of North Cyprus.
Methods
655 women were enrolled in the study consisting of 318 breast cancer cases and 337 hospital-based controls. Data were obtained from medical records and one-on-one interviews after informed consent.
Results
From the receiver operating curves (ROC) the models AUCs were 0.81(95%C.I = 0.77–0.84) for BOADICEA, IBIS 0.80(95%C.I = 0.77–0.84) and Gail 0.76(95%C.I = 0.73–0.80) respectively.
Conclusions
The studied breast cancer risk prediction models are suitable, simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive tools for identifying high-risk women from low- and middle-income regions that can benefit from mammography screening. There were similar performances amongst the models, at a closer look the BOADICEA and IBIS models performed slightly better.
A machine learning framework for discovery and enrichment of metagenomics metadata from open access publications
Authors: Nassar Maaly , Rogers Alexander B. , Talo' Francesco , Sanchez Santiago , Shafique Zunaira , Finn Robert D. , McEntyre Johanna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Metagenomics is a culture-independent method for studying the microbes inhabiting a particular environment. Comparing the composition of samples (functionally/taxonomically), either from a longitudinal study or cross-sectional studies can provide clues into how the microbiota has adapted to the environment. However, a recurring challenge, especially when comparing results between independent studies, is that key metadata about the sample and molecular methods used to extract and sequence the genetic material are often missing from sequence records, making it difficult to account for confounding factors. Nevertheless, this missing metadata may be found in the narrative of publications describing the research. Here, we describe a machine learning framework that automatically extracts essential metadata for a wide range of metagenomics studies from the literature contained in Europe PMC. This framework has enabled the extraction of metadata from 114,099 publications in Europe PMC, including 19,900 publications describing metagenomics studies in ENA and MGnify.
A Three-Dimensional Visualization of the Full-Field Surgical Region Based on Thin-Slice MRI: an Elegant Approach for Simultaneously Guiding Tumor Resection and Perforator Flap Elevation.
Authors: Han Yan , Cui Lei , Jiang Weiqian , Zhang Dekang , Wang Gaofei , Han Yudi , Pu Wenwen , Shao Yan , Tao Ran , Guo Lingli 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The goal of the current study was to explore the application of preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) based on thin-slice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the simultaneous guidance of tumor en bloc resection and adjacent perforator flap elevation. Methods: The prospective cohort included 35 patients diagnosed with either soft tissue sarcoma or squamous cell skin cancer between 2019 and 2021. The preoperative 3DR based on thin-slice MRI illustrated the spatial anatomical relationship among the tumor, underlying muscle, adjacent perforator vessels, and bone around the surgical region. The accuracy of preoperative imaging data was verified by intraoperative vessel dissection and postoperative pathological measurements.Results: Tumor size from 3DR data showed relatively high concordance rates with pathological measurements within the 95 % limits of agreement. An average of 3 perforators (range: 1, 7) with a mean diameter of 0.32 cm (range: 0.18, 0.74 cm) from the 3DR were present in our study. The average distance between tumor boundary and perforator piercing sites on the 3DR was 2.2 cm (range: 1.2, 7.7 cm). The average length of artery perforator coursing along the subcutaneous tissue was 5.8 cm (range: 3.3, 25.1 cm). The mean flap harvest time was 55 minutes (range: 36, 97 min). The average flap size was 92.2 cm2 (range:32-126 cm2). 1 perforator flap occurred distal partial necrosis.Conclusion: A thorough understanding of anatomical structures in the surgical region according to full-field 3DR based on thin-slice MRI can improve the performance of tumor radical resection and adjacent perforator flap transfer, especially for junior surgeons with poor experience.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100050174. Registered 18 August 2021-retrospectively registered, https://www.chictr.org.cn/ ChiCTR2100050174
Patient feedback on their cancer care experiences analyzed using the Cancer Experience Measurement Framework
Authors: Bourque Michaela Ann , Loiselle Carmen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Recent advances in research on patient experiences with cancer underscore the importance of proactively seeking feedback from users of cancer care services. Methods: The present study administered the Ambulatory Oncology Patient Satisfaction Survey (AOPSS) with 7,885 questionnaire packets mailed out to potential participants. 3,279 completed surveys were returned and 692 of these contained feedback to an open-ended question about patients’ perceptions of the cancer care they had received within the last 6 months since diagnosis. Results: Using the Cancer Experience Measurement Framework (CEMF) to guide the in-depth thematic analysis of patient feedback, 19 key themes emerged, some of which include: treatment setting, time, location, service availability, perceived appropriateness, personnel or specialists involved, patient preferences, information/education, continuity/transition of care, coordination of care, access to care, wait times, access to emergency rooms, and intensive care unit visits. Conclusions: Findings suggest that patient’s dissatisfaction is heightened in settings high in perceived disorganization. Participants suggest that improving wait times in both ambulatory and emergency settings, in addition to ensuring smooth access and coordination of care both intra- and inter-organization cancer care services across the illness trajectory is necessary for creating a more person-centred care experience. These findings are timely as they underscore how informative patient voices are to ensure that cancer settings provide quality, timely, and personalized care that patients have come to expect.
Fenton oxidation as pretreatment for biomass gasification condensate: cost and biomass inhibition evaluation
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Pluschke Jonas , Geißen Sven-Uwe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gasification transforming organic compounds into energy-rich pyrolytic gas, is a climate-friendly treatment option for biological solid wastes. The condensates arising from the pyrolytic gas valorization is owing to high concentrations of small molecular phenols, cyanides, nitrogen-heterocyclics, aromatics and ammonium, posing an environmental and health hazard. In this paper, the watery phase of the biomass gasification condensate from spent mushroom compost (SMC), with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 16.4 g/L and total nitrogen of 2.3 g/L, was pretreated by Fenton oxidation. The experiments were conducted at room temperature with an initial pH value of 3, 5 and 8.9, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosages between 15 and 100% of the normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR), and Fe2+ dosages corresponding to molar ratio of H2O2:Fe2+ between 10 and 30. Through respiration inhibition assays, the best operational condition for detoxification was determined at an initial pH 5 with 30% NSR H2O2 dosage and molar ratio of H2O2:Fe2+ at 15:1. The specific operational cost of the Fenton oxidation was calculated at 2.17 €/kg CODelimination. In respiration inhibition assay, the oxygen consumption of wastewater after Fenton oxidation was increased by 316% in 3 days. In a 20 days’ biogas production test, the biogas production was increased by 81%.
Recent Advances in the Surfactant and Controlled Release Polymer-based Solid
Dispersion
Authors: Gupta Aman , Paudwal Gourav , Dolkar Rigzin , Lewis Shaila , Gupta Prem N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The oral route is the most preferred delivery route for drug administration due to its advantages such as lower cost, improved patient compliance, no need for trained personnel and the drug reactions are generally less severe. The major problem with new molecules in the drug discovery pipeline is poor solubility and dissolution rate that ultimately results in low oral bioavailability. Numerous techniques are available for solubility and bioavailability (BA) enhancement, but out of all, solid dispersion (SD) is proven to be the most feasible due to the least issues in manufacturing, processing, storage, and transportation. In the past few years, SD had been extensively applied to reinforce the common issues of insoluble drugs. Currently, many hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers are used to prepare either immediate release or controlled release SDs. Therefore, the biological behavior of the SDs is contingent upon the use of appropriate polymeric carriers and methods of preparation. The exploration of novel carriers and methodologies in SD technology leads to improved BA and therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, the clinical applicability of SD-based formulations has been increased with the discovery of novel polymeric carriers. In this review, emphasis is laid down on the present status of recent generations of SDs (i.e., surfactant and controlled release polymer-based SD) and their application in modifying the physical properties of the drug and modulation of pharmacological response in different ailments.
Synthesis of Novel Urea and Sulfonamide Derivatives of Isatin Schiff Bases
as Potential Anti-cancer Agents
Authors: Demirel Ural U. , Ölgen Süreyya , Karaman Ecem F. , Tanol Mehmet , Özden Sibel , Göker Hakan 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Among the many types of chemical scaffolds, isatin derivatives, including their
Schiff bases, have been extensively studied to find novel therapeutic agents against cancer. Amide or urea
groups containing derivatives were also discovered to be tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Objective:
This study aims to find potent compounds by designing 16 novel urea and sulfonamide derivatives
of isatin Schiff bases.

Method:
Compounds were tested against PC-3, HepG2, SH-SY5Y, A549 cancerous, and NIH/3T3 noncancerous
cell lines using cell culture assay.

Results:
Among the tested compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7h, 8a, and 8f presented potential inhibitions
against cellular proliferation activities of HepG2 cells with average IC50 values of 31.97, 42.13, 31.50,
47.98, 32.59, 43.44, and 37.81 μM, respectively. They showed better inhibition potencies than the reference
compound doxorubicin, and its value was measured as 51.15 μM in the same culture assay. The
cytotoxic activities of the compounds in other cell lines were found to be less potent compared to doxorubicin.

Conclusion:
In vitro experiments demonstrated that designed compounds have the first evidence that they
might be active against hepatocellular carcinoma. According to ADME prediction results, all compounds
presented drug-like and good metabolic properties.
Niosome-encapsulated Doxycycline Hyclate for Potentiation of Acne
Therapy: Formulation and Characterization
Authors: Kashani-Asadi-Jafari Fatemeh , Hadjizadeh Afra 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Acne is the pilosebaceous units' disorder. The most important cause of
acne is the colonization of bacteria in the follicles. Among antibiotics, doxycycline hyclate kills a
wide range of bacteria.

Objectives:
The study aims to prevent oral administration's side effects, overcome the barriers of
conventional topical treatment, and improve the therapeutic effectiveness; this drug was loaded
into niosomal nanocarriers for topical application.

Methods:
Doxycycline hyclate was loaded into four niosomal formulations prepared by the thinfilm
hydration method with different percentages of constituents. Drug-containing niosomal systems
were evaluated for morphological properties via scanning electron microscopy, particle size,
drug entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, physical stability after 60 days, in
vitro drug permeation through rat skin, in vitro drug deposition in rat skin, toxicity on human dermal
fibroblasts (HDF) by MTT method after 72 hours, and antibacterial properties against the main
acne-causing bacteria via antibiogram test.

Results:
The best formulation had the appropriate particle size of 362.88 ± 13.05 nm to target follicles,
entrapment efficiency of 56.3 ± 2.1%, the zeta potential of - 24.46±1.39 mV, in vitro drug
release of 54.93 ± 1.99% after 32 hours, and the lowest permeation of the drug through the rat skin
among all other formulations. Improved cell viability, increased antibacterial activity, and an approximately
three-fold increase in drug deposition were the optimal niosomal formulation features
relative to the free drug.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the ability of nano-niosomes containing doxycycline hyclate
to treat skin acne compared with the free drug.
Automatically Explaining Machine Learning Predictions on Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zeng Siyang , Arjomandi Mehrdad , Luo Gang 
Published: February 2022

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death and places a heavy burden on health care. To optimize the allocation of precious preventive care management resources and improve the outcomes for high-risk patients with COPD, we recently built the most accurate model to date to predict severe COPD exacerbations, which need inpatient stays or emergency department visits, in the following 12 months. Our model is a machine learning model. As is the case with most machine learning models, our model does not explain its predictions, forming a barrier for clinical use. Previously, we designed a method to automatically provide rule-type explanations for machine learning predictions and suggest tailored interventions with no loss of model performance. This method has been tested before for asthma outcome prediction but not for COPD outcome prediction.

Objective
This study aims to assess the generalizability of our automatic explanation method for predicting severe COPD exacerbations.

Methods
The patient cohort included all patients with COPD who visited the University of Washington Medicine facilities between 2011 and 2019. In a secondary analysis of 43,576 data instances, we used our formerly developed automatic explanation method to automatically explain our model’s predictions and suggest tailored interventions.

Results
Our method explained the predictions for 97.1% (100/103) of the patients with COPD whom our model correctly predicted to have severe COPD exacerbations in the following 12 months and the predictions for 73.6% (134/182) of the patients with COPD who had ≥1 severe COPD exacerbation in the following 12 months.

Conclusions
Our automatic explanation method worked well for predicting severe COPD exacerbations. After further improving our method, we hope to use it to facilitate future clinical use of our model.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/13783
Seroprevalence of COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers in Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Sader City District, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Raheem , Lami Faris 
Published: February 2022

Background
The SARS-CoV-2 infection produces detectable immune responses in most cases reported to date. A serological test could capture previous asymptomatic infections and help to assess the immune status of a subject. Health care workers are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, and providing personal protective equipment is the primary strategy to prevent disease transmission within the health care setting.

Objective
The aim of this paper was to determinate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 among health care workers in primary health care centers in the AL-Sader city district.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 primary health care centers, which were selected using a cluster random sampling technique from November 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020.

Results
A total of 470 participants were enrolled in the study; 101 (21.5%) of them had a history of COVID-19 infection, and 76 (16.1%) were diagnosed by polymerase reaction chain. There was a significant association between rapid tests and history of COVID-19 infection (P<.001). Rapid test sensitivity was 56.6%, and specificity was 79.2%. The rapid test was positive in 125 (26.6%) participants: IgG 104 (83.2%), IgM 5 (4%), and both IgG-IgM 16 (12.8%).

Conclusions
The percent of COVID-19 infection is higher than the expected level among participants. A significant association was found between rapid tests and COVID-19 infection, smoking, comorbidity, personal protective equipment training, and household infection.
Kognat Bahasa Jawa dan Bahasa Bali: Sebuah Studi Kontrastif
Authors: Wijana I Dew Putu 
Published: February 2022

This article is about a contrastive analysis of Javanese and Balinese cognates, the two genetically related local languages spoken in Indonesia. Using data extracted from a Javanese dictionary and compared with their Balinese equivalents retrieved from my intuitions as a Balinese native speaker, it is found that even just from A and B entries, the two languages share a lot of cognates which are hypothetically derived from theirs descending language, proto language, Austronesian. In spite of cognates that have identically semantic contents and formal appearances, there also ones that have different phonological forms and semantic senses.
Sistema Estadual de Cultura do RJ: desafios da institucionalização de políticas públicas participativas no campo cultural fluminense (2009-2019)
Authors: Amorim Simone Rodrigues , Borges Juliano 
Published: February 2022

O trabalho analisa o processo de criação do Sistema Estadual de Cultura do Rio de Janeiro (2009-2015), destacando as contradições na implantação de políticas públicas participativas, diante dos limites de compromisso entre o poder público e a sociedade civil. Com o intuito de entender e dimensionar as dificuldades e os avanços obtidos, o artigo propõe uma análise empírica do caso fluminense fundamentado sobre o aporte teórico neoinstitucionalista. O artigo pretende contribuir para que administradores públicos possam observar erros e acertos dessa experiência em processos de gestão que envolvam a participação social eapresenta uma atualização do quadro geral das políticas de cultura no Rio de Janeiro, profundamente deterioradas pela crise institucional que afeta o estado desde 2016.
O BUEN VIVIR COMO PROJETO DE MUNDO CONTRA HEGEMÔNICO
Authors: Rabelo Sofia Miranda , Magalhães José Luiz Quadros , Teixeira Sílvia Gabriel 
Published: February 2022

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo abordar a ética do Buen Vivir como um projeto de resistência ao modelo hegemônico de desenvolvimento que tem sido difundido e executado por grandes organizações internacionais e corporações. O Buen Vivir é uma filosofia baseada nas epistemologias do sul, subalternizados por mais de cinco séculos de colonização e atualmente presente no movimento do neoconstitucionalismo andino. Baseada nestas noções, frisa-se a importância de repensar, segundo uma abordagem decolonial, o papel desempenhado pelos Estados e organismos internacionais nos assuntos relacionados ao desenvolvimento local. A análise crítica da literatura oferece a existência de diferentes visões acerca do desenvolvimento que merecem espaço nos debates acadêmicos e estatais.