bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building structures of thermal power plants: analysis of fire resistance limits
Authors: Puzach S. V. , Eremina T. Yu. , Portnov F. A. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The author analyzes real-life fire resistance limits of metal structures for one building of a thermal power plant. Experimental and computational methods were applied to identify the fire resistance limits of building structures. The temperature setting of the research, conducted to solve the problem, was the same as that of a real fire.Research goal and objectives. The purpose of the analysis is to identify the fire resistance limits of structures comprising the building of a thermal power plant using the method of heat-mass exchange analysis that takes account of conditions of a real fire. The following objectives are to be attained in compliance with the pre-set goal:to analyze the principal provisions of technical norms and regulations in terms of the fire safety of building structures of thermal power plants;to justify the principal provisions for the method of heat-mass exchange analysis, taking into account real-life fire conditions;to justify the need to improve the real-life fire resistance limits by fire-proofing agents with account taken of the most dangerous scenario of the real fire development.Methods of research. The heat-transfer equation is analyzed to identify the distribution of temperatures inside a building structure for a one-dimensional case. The field-based method of analysis is applied to solve this problem. This method is generally applied to premises having complex geometric configuration, if one geometric dimension exceeds the others.Results and their discussion. The authors have analyzed the most dangerous fire scenario characterized by the most dangerous impact on metal structures, such as the furnace oil fire spill in a boiler room.The authors also address the most dangerous fire propagation scenario in terms of the heating of bearing metal structures: the combustion of furnace oil spills in a boiler room. The computations have proven that in case of the selected fire development scenario maximal temperatures of bearing metal structures are much lower than the critical temperature of 500 °С fifteen minutes after the onset of fire.Conclusions. Having analyzed the fire resistance computations of thermal power plant structures, including their metal constructions, the have found that in case of emergency, resistance to the most dangerous manifestations of fire exceeds the required R15 value. No fireproofing of bearing metal structures in the boiler room is needed.
Particle size influence on the aluminum combustion dynamics in 1-m<sup>3</sup> chamber
Authors: Poletaev N. L. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The results of a standard study of the explosibility of aluminum air suspensions (AAS) can contribute to the development of AAS combustion physics. In particular, a complex of information about the polydispersity and of the AAS low explosion limit values in a 1-m3 chamber made it possible to determine the maximum particle size of the explosive fraction of a polydisperse sample d*m,t ≈ 40–50 µm (Poletaev, 2014). In the present work, a relationship is established between the AAS combustion dynamics in a 1-m3 chamber and persion. The dispersity of sample particles is described by the mass-average particle size of its explosive fraction (d*50), in contrast to the works of other researchers who use the mass-average size of all particles (d50).Initial data. Known information about the dispersity and explosion parameters of 15 aluminum samples studied in a 1-m3 chamber was used. The continuous particle size distribution functions necessary for calculating d*50 were represented by the Rosin – Rammler distributions filling the gaps between the discrete data of the sieve analysis of the samples.Combustion dynamics. The dynamics of AAS turbulent combustion in a 1-m3 chamber is represented by the maximum air suspension burn-up rate Ub. Ub was calculated using the formula (Kumar, 1992) intended for gas-air mixtures by substituting the AAS explosion parameters into this formula.Results and its discussion. A plot of the d*50 Ub complex versus d*50 is shown. The average value of the complex (≈ 33 µm·m/s) is constant in the range 10 ≤ d*50 ≤ 35 µm. The latter is typical for the product of the particle size and the normal velocity of the laminar flame in AAS (Ben Moussa, 2017) and indicates the similarity of the effect of particle dispersion on the dynamics of turbulent and laminar combustion of AAS.Conclusions. The dispersion of an explosive polydisperse aluminum sample is determined by the average particle size of the explosive fraction of the sample d*50. The similarity of the combustion patterns indicates a relationship between the mechanisms of laminar and turbulent flame propagation in AAS.
Increasing the Resilience of British Columbia’s Rural Communities to Natural Disturbances and Climate Change
Authors: Krishnaswamy Ajit , Simmons Ellen , Joseph Larry 
Published: November 2022

It is predicted that climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of natural disturbances and weather related natural disasters. Rural forest-based communities are especially vulnerable to changes in natural disturbance regimes influenced by climate change because their economic, social, and cultural aspects of life are closely linked to the local environment and climate. In this article, we discuss the impacts of wildfires on communities as an example of how natural disturbances impact humans. The impacts to humans of wildfire is indicative of the type of effects that other natural disturbances such as widespread insect infestation, landslides, floods, drought, storms, avalanches, permafrost melt, forest diseases, erosion, and gradual ecosystem change can have on communities. First Nations communities may be significantly and uniquely impacted by natural disturbances and climate change due to their remote location, strong connection, and heavy reliance on the environment for subsistence and in preserving their culture and their unique and often vulnerable economic situation. We describe the uncertainty of predicting the frequency and intensity of natural disturbances in a particular location. We suggest that the most effective management response to address this uncertainty is to focus on reducing vulnerability and increasing community resilience. Finally, we list some of the management strategies and tools that communities and those that work with them have been using in British Columbia and elsewhere to increase community resilience to natural disturbances and climate change.
Virological failures of primary interferon-free therapy in patients with chronic HCV RNA viremia and successful repeated interferon-free therapy
Authors: Sulima D. L. , Suleymanova S. S. , Yakovlev A. A. , Koryagin V. N. , Rassokhin V. V. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. Description of clinical forms of chronic HCV infection in the observed patients, clarifications of options and causes of virological failures of primary interferon-free therapy (DAAT/1) and the results of repeated interferon-free treatment (DAAT/2).Materials and methods. 8 patients with chronic RNA HCV viremia (subtypes 1b+/–1a and 3а/3ab) were prospectively observed who suffered a virological failure of primary interferon-free therapy with original inhibitors in the form of relapse of RNA HCV viremia and aviremic low-level replication RNA HCV in PBMCs (peripheral mononuclears), but then achieved HCV eradication with a repeated course of interferon-free therapy.Results. Two variants of virological failures of primary interferon-free therapy were noted — relapse of RNA HCV viremia and aviremic low-level replication of RNA HCV in PBMCs. A number of unfavorable prognosis signs (individual clinical and laboratory syndromes and laboratory parameters) were revealed, which were observed in most patients who did not achieve HCV eradication using primary interferon-free therapy with antiviral drugs: HCV-associated syndromes of low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI), benign lymphoproliferation and autoantibody production, a high level viral load of HCV RNA viral load in blood plasma, HBV-coinfection without HBsAg and cirrhosis of the liver in the outcome of chronic hepatitis C. The target result of repeated interferon-free therapy, confirmed by the sustainable virological response after 12 weeks after the end of the treatment (SVR12), was achieved in all «losers» of primary interferon-free therapy.Conclusion. The unfavorable prognostic signs identified in the majority of «losers» of primary interferon-free therapy in the form of individual clinical and laboratory syndromes and laboratory parameters may be associated with potential virological inefficiency of therapy. Based on logistic regression analysis, the value of each of the identified features for predicting different outcomes of primary interferon-free therapy in a large group of patients with HCV is shown. Pangenotypic combinations of GLE/PIB+SOF+/–RBV and VEL/SOF+RBV inhibitors have shown their high antiviral efficacy in the treatment of relapse of RNA HCV viremia and aviremic low-level replication of RNA HCV in peripheral mononuclears for all the patients for whom primary interferon-free therapy was unsuccessful.
Clinical and immunological criteria for prediction of thechronic course of cytomegalovirus infection on the background of hypoxic-ischemic damage of the central nervous system in children in the first year of life
Authors: Kravchenko L. V. , Levkovich M. A. , Berezhanskaya S. B. , Afonin A. A. , Krukier I. I. , Puzikova O. Z. , Panova I. V. , Sozaeva D. I. , Popova V. A. , Drukker N. A. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. To develop prognostic criteria for the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection by studying disorders of the regulation of the immune response in children of the first year of life against the background of hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage.Materials and methods. 108 newborns with cytomegalovirus infection occurring against the background of perinatal hypoxicischemic lesions of the central unequal system were examined. All observed patients at 1 and 3 months of life conducted an immunological examination, including the determination of T and B-lymphocytes. Determination of the population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes, activation markers was carried out by the method of one- and twoparameter phenotyping using reagents from Immunotex (France), FITC (fluorescein isothiocynate) — labeled with CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and PE (phycoerythrin) — labeled CD28+, CD40+. The results were recorded on a BECKMAN COULTER EPICSXL-II flow cytometer (USA) using standard protocols. The observation groups consisted of 78 children (72.2%) with an acute course of the disease (Group 1) and 30 children (27.3%) with a chronic course (Group 2).Results. Of the totality of the studied parameters of the cellular and humoral parts of the immune system, statistically significant for the prognosis of the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection in children of the first year of life against the background of hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage were found: CD8, CD40, CD3+CD28+, CD20+CD40+. Using the PolyAnalist 3.5 Pro CNS package, systems of inequalities were obtained and a formula for predicting the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection in children in the first year against the background of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage was calculated.Conclusion. A statistically significant relationship was found between the prognosis of the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection against the background of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage and the level of CD20, CD4, costimulatory molecules CD3+CD28–, CD20+CD40+. The proposed diagnostic rules can be considered screening markers for the prognosis of the chronic course of cytomegalovirus infection against the background of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage in newborns, which makes it possible to start specific therapy in a timely manner.
Immunological and virological features of combined secondary diseases in patients with HIV-based immunodeficiency
Authors: Voznesenskiy S. L. , Kozhevnikova G. М. , Ermak Т. N. , Samotolkina E. S. , Klimkova Р. V. , Abramova Е. V. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The HIV epidemic situation in the Russian Federation remains tense. Low coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) contributes to the disease progression in some PLHIV. Many authors point to a high prevalence of different secondary disease combinations.Objective. Studying the structure of secondary disease combinations in inpatients and identifying features of immunological and virological indicators.Materials and methods. There was retrospective analysis of 1440 cases of HIV-infected admission in ICU SBHI «ICH № 2» DZM in 2018–2020. The number of CD4+ cells were estimated in 1185 patients, viral load (VL) is defined in 1173 patients.Statistical analysis is held, using program StatTech v. 2.6.2 (developer — LLC «Statech», Russia).Results. 18,5% of patients had 1 secondary disease, 75,9% were diagnosed a combination of 2 and more various lesions. 275 different combinations of secondary diseases are recorded: from 50 combinations of 2 secondary lesions to 4 combinations of 7 nosological units. Ме VL in patients with no secondary diseases — 13 303 copies/ml, with 1 secondary disease it increased 3,2 times (42 926) (p<0,001). Similar changes are detected with 3, 5 and 6 diseases. Ме number of CD4+ lymphosytes in the absence of a secondary pathology — 223 cells/mcl. As the number of secondary diseases increases from 1 to 4, we observe consistent reduction in the number of CD4+ lymphosytes; in a combined secondary pathology Ме CD4+ cells did not exceed 100 cells; with 4 and more secondary diseases this figure did not exceed 20 cells in mcl. Correlation analysis of CD4+ cells and the number of combined secondary diseases revealed the presence of moderate connection tightness on the Chaddock scale (rxy=0,356, p<0,001). The depth of immunodeficiency also affects the outcome of the disease: (M±SD) CD4+ cells in the group of the dead were 101±153 (95% DI: 91–112), in the group of survivors — 198±226 (95% DI:172–224; p<0,001).Conclusion. Combined secondary disease among patients of ICU infectious hospital were diagnosed in 75.9% patients. There were differences by VL level which increased with the growth of combined lesion number; more significant correlation was found between the amount of CD4+ cells and the number of secondary diseases. The obtained results are confirmed by reduced likelihood of a favorable outcome of the disease with increasing number of combined secondary diseases.
Analysis of myelogram data in patients with HIV infection and hematopoiesis oppression
Authors: Baryshnikova D. V. , Mordyk A. V. , Puzyreva L. V. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. To identify risk factors of adverse outcome in patients with HIV infection and cytopenia.Materials and methods. The analyzed group included 30 patients with HIV and two-line cytopenia and pancytopenia. The patients were on inpatient treatment in the Budget Healthcare Institution «CTBD №4», BHCI «Regional Clinical Hospital», Omsk. Results and discussion. Hematopoiesis was found in 14 patients (46,66%), while dyseritropoiesis was noted in 4 patients (13,33%), dysgranulocytopoiesis in 3 patients (10%), cellular rejuvenation of granulocyte series in 2 patients (6,67%), mononuclear cells (involutive forms of megakaryocytes) in 5 patients (13,33%). As HIV progresses the patients experience increasing number and severity of hematological abnormalities in hemograms and myelograms. Early correction of hematopoietic disorders allows to improve the quality of these patients’ life. Myelodysplasia emergence in myelogram in patients with or without ARV therapy statistically differed only in a megakaryocytic germ. The death risk scale of patients with HIV and cytopenia is developed, on the basis of clinical data, obtained results of bone marrow research, based on regression equations.
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Findings of Mitral Valve Prolapse in a Heart Model Established with the Mimics/3-matic Software
Authors: Meng Jun , Chen Yun 
Published: November 2022

Background: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common disease
that affects the valve between the left heart chambers. Transesophageal
echocardiography (TEE) helps locate mitral regurgitant defects in
patients with MVP. We encountered an unusual phenomenon when performing
TEE in a 67-year-old male patient with MVP. The three-dimensional (3D)
TEE showed a regurgitant defect in C1. However, both the 77° and 100°
two-dimensional (2D) TEE views detected severe mitral regurgitation at
the regurgitant defect. Methods: To explain this phenomenon, we
utilized the data of a 45-year-old male patient who complained of
chest distress and underwent cardiac computed tomographic angiography
for diagnostic purposes. Subsequently, we established a heart model
using the Mimics/3-matic software. In 3-matic, we
simulated the TEE process, which included acquiring the transducer
location, the transducer direction, and the 77° and 100° TEE views.
Results: During the TEE process, the center of the transducer
was placed at P8. If the transducer was toward with a multiplane
transducer angle of 77°, C1 was evaluated via 2D TEE. If it was toward
at 100°, C1 was assessed again via 2D TEE. The coordinates of P12 and
P12’ were extremely close to each other. Conclusion: The
phenomenon could be likely explained as follows: For a certain
transducer location, the transducer might have two different directions,
where the same anterior commissure could be accurately observed at two
different multiplane transducer angles. These two directions were
extremely close to each other. When TEE was performed in the patient
with MVP, the transducer was in fact turned from one direction to the
other without being realized.
Sex differences in adipose tissue distribution determine susceptibility to neuroinflammation in mice with dietary obesity
Authors: Stranahan Alexis M. , Guo De-Huang , Yamamoto Masaki , Hernandez Caterina M. , Khodadadi Hesam , Baban Babak , Zhi Wenbo , Lei Yun , Lu Xinyun , Ding Kehong , Isales Carlos M. 
Published: November 2022

<p>Preferential energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) confers protection against obesity-induced pathophysiology in females. Females also exhibit distinct immunological responses, relative to males. These differences are often attributed to sex hormones, but reciprocal interactions between metabolism, immunity, and gonadal steroids remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically characterized adipose tissue hypertrophy, sex steroids, and inflammation in male and female mice after increasing durations of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. After observing that sex differences in adipose tissue distribution before HFD were correlated with lasting protection against inflammation in females, we hypothesized that a priori differences in the ratio of subcutaneous to visceral fat might mediate this relationship. To test this, male and female mice received SAT lipectomy (LPX) or sham surgery before HFD challenge, followed by analysis of glial reactivity, adipose tissue inflammation, and reproductive steroids. Because LPX eliminated female resistance to the pro-inflammatory effects of HFD without changing circulating sex hormones, we conclude that sexually dimorphic organization of subcutaneous and visceral fat determines susceptibility to inflammation in obesity. </p>
屈原哲學思想及與孟子之比較
Authors: 王 志 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
在天人關係的問題上，屈原并不曾懷疑天與善人的成説，且注意到了天行有時；在人性論上，屈原與孟子一樣主張性善，亦認爲惡起於人之不修；在養氣養勇方面，屈原與孟子都堅持守正，但孟子强調順時，而屈原設有定心，孟子尚權變，屈原主不遷；屈原尚“清”，《遠游》之意不在求羽化，亦在乎尚“清”。
With regard to the relationship between humanity and Heaven, Qu Yuan never questioned the accepted belief that Heaven supported good people, while also recognizing that there was a due time for Heaven to act. With regard to the question of human nature, Qu Yuan and Mencius both held the belief that human nature was good, and that evil results from lack of moral cultivation. With regard to cultivating one’s vital essence and courage, Qu Yuan and Mencius both maintained that it was matter of upholding propriety, but Mencius emphasized the importance of timing, while Qu Yuan focused on having a resolute mind. Mencius valued compromise in accordance with circumstances, while Qu Yuan argued for constancy to one’s values. Qu Yuan upheld the virtue of purity (qing), and the “Far Roaming” (Yuan you) is not so much about the quest for immortality as it is about preserving purity.
魔鬼在細節中———王漁洋研究與“手抄本文化”
Authors: 嚴 志雄 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
本文結合中國傳統詩學、書畫藝術與“手抄本文化”研究的一些觀念，探討有關清初著名詩人王士禛成名作《秋柳詩四首》的一幅圖卷。由“社會能動性”的角度重新審視此圖卷的製作、畫圖上的内容、觀看的活動，可突顯相關圖像、文字在“公”、“私”領域中錯綜複雜的交涉互動，以及“意義”的流動不居。此一新的體認，將問題化過往對“真假”、“虚構”、“歷史性”等義域的認識與堅持。
Informed by the studies of classical Chinese poetry, calligraphy and painting, and recent theory of “manuscript culture,” this paper examines a painting scroll in relation to “Four Poems on Autumn Willows” by the early Qing, canonical poet Wang Shizhen. It reconsiders the production and contents of the painting scroll and the act of viewing from the perspective of “social agency,” highlights the intricate interaction and negotiation between images and words in the private and public spheres, and exposes the fluidity of meaning therein. This awareness problematizes conventional views on true or false, fictionality, and historicity, etc.
戰争意識規範下的“文藝戰鬥隊”———文工團的歷史考察及其功能闡釋
Authors: 郭 國昌 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
文工團是應革命戰争的需要産生的，在延安文藝座談會召開後成爲解放區文學體制的構成要素。延安文藝座談會召開前，解放區的文工團以“民族主義”爲社團宗旨，社團活動以帶有個人主義傾向的文藝創造爲中心。延安文藝座談會召開後，解放區的文工團以無産階級意識形態爲社團宗旨，社團活動以文藝演出、政治宣傳、戰地救護爲主體。由於解放區後期文工團的社團活動的意識形態引導性，它自然變成了解放區文學體制的規範力量。
The Art Ensemble was established in the context of the Chinese Revolutionary War and became a vital element in the literary institutions of the liberated area after the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art. Before the Yan’an Forum, the Art Ensemble in the liberated area took “nationalism” as its major objective and its activities were centered on the individualistic creation of literature and art. After the Forum, though, the Art Ensemble in the liberated area took proletarian ideology as its directive and its activities were centered on theatrical performances, political propaganda and battlefield assistance. Because of the ideological tendency of its activities, the Art Ensemble naturally developed into the dominant force in the literary institutions of the liberated area.
東亞文人筆談研究的回顧與展望
Authors: 張 伯偉 
Published: November 2022

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
19世紀中葉以前的東亞地區，是一個漢文化圈的所在。其中的一項重要標誌是，在這個文化圈中的知識人，都能够運用漢字進行著述和交流，並且以此爲榮。當東亞各國的文人面對面交流的時候，就産生了一種特别的方式———筆談。“筆談”一詞，顧名思義就是用筆而不用舌、用文字而不用語言的交談。狹義的“筆談”，特指同文不同語的兩國或兩國以上人士會面之時，用書寫文字代替語言來進行溝通交流的一種方式。本文所要討論的，就屬於狹義的“筆談”，討論的時段下限是20世紀以前。文章著重回顧了筆談文獻的整理和研究狀況，並對其得失予以評騭，在此基礎上，提出了研究展望，强調了“作爲方法的漢文化圈”。
Before the mid-nineteenth century, the East Asian area was a Chinese cultural circle. One important indicator is the fact that all the intellectuals of this cultural circle could use Chinese characters to write and to communicate. And, they took pride in it. When the literati of East Asia communicated face to face, a special means was employed, namely “brush talk.” The term “brush talk” literally means communicating with the writing brush rather than the tongue, with characters rather than language. In a narrow sense, it refers specifically to the method of communication that is conducted via the written language instead of spoken language at a meeting between people from two or more countries who share a common writing form but differ in speaking. The present essay discusses “brush talk” in its narrow sense. The period of its discussion is no later than the twentieth century. It reviews and evaluates the documented history and scholarship of “brush talks. “On this basis, we put forth our scholarly prospects and emphasize “the Chinese cultural circle as a method.”