bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Oximetry @home: evaluation of patient outcomes
Authors: Boniface Michael , Burns Daniel , Duckworth Christopher , Ahmed Mazen , Duruiheoma Franklin , Armitage Htwe , Ratcliffe Naomi , Duffy John , O’Keeffe Caroline , Inada-Kim Matt 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 has placed unprecedented demands on hospitals. A clinical service, COVID-19 Oximetry @home (CO@h) was launched in November 2020 to support remote monitoring of COVID-19 patients in the community. Remote monitoring through CO@h aims to identify early patient deterioration and provide timely escalation for cases of silent hypoxia, while reducing the burden on secondary care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective service evaluation of COVID-19 patients onboarded to CO@h from November 2020 to March 2021 in the North Hampshire (UK) community led service (a collaboration of 15 General Practitioner (GP) practices covering 230 000 people). We have compared outcomes for patients admitted to Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital who were CO@h patients (COVID-19 patients with home monitoring of oxygen saturation (SpO2; n=115), with non-CO@h patients (those directly admitted without being monitored by CO@h (n=633)). Crude and adjusted OR analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of CO@h on patient outcomes of 30-day mortality, Intensive care unit (ICU) admission and hospital length of stay greater than 3, 7, 14 and 28 days.ResultsAdjusted ORs for CO@h show an association with a reduction for several adverse patient outcome: 30-day hospital mortality (p<0.001, OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.47), hospital length of stay larger than 3 days (p<0.05, OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.00), 7 days (p<0.001, OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.54), 14 days (p<0.001, OR 0.22 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.41), and 28 days (p<0.05, OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.59). No significant reduction ICU admission was observed (p>0.05, OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.04). Within 30 days of hospital admission, there were no hospital readmissions for those on the CO@h service as opposed to 8.7% readmissions for those not on the service.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated a significant association between CO@h and better patient outcomes; most notably a reduction in the odds of hospital lengths of stays longer than 7, 14 and 28 days and 30-day hospital mortality.
Improving participation and engagement with a COVID-19 surveillance programme in an outpatient setting
Authors: Wemyss Callum , Hobson Simon , Sweeney Jill , Chua Pei Rong , Binti Mohd Khairi Siti Aishah , Edwards Maura , Burns Jacqueline , McGoldrick Niall , Braid Raymond , Gorman Megan , Redmond Suzanne , Clark Claire , Brown Clare , Watling Chris , Conway David I , Culshaw Shauna 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOn 3 August 2020, Public Health Scotland commenced a prospective surveillance study to monitor the prevalence of COVID-19 among asymptomatic outpatients attending dental clinics across 14 health boards in Scotland.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this quality improvement project was to increase the number of COVID-19 tests carried out in one of the participating sites, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School. The secondary aim was to identify barriers to patient participation and staff engagement when implementing a public health initiative in an outpatient setting.MethodA quality improvement working group met weekly to discuss hospital findings, identify drivers and change ideas. Details on reasons for patient non-participation were recorded and questionnaires on project barriers were distributed to staff. In response to findings, rapid interventions were implemented to fast-track increases in the numbers of tests being carried out.ResultsOver 16 weeks, 972 tests were carried out by Glasgow Dental Hospital and School Secondary Care Services. The number of tests per week increased from 19 (week 1) to 129 (week 16). This compares to a similar ‘control’ site, where the number of tests carried out remained unchanged; 38 (week 1) to 36 (week 16). The most frequent reason given for non-participation was fear that the swab would hurt. For staff, lack of time and forgetting to ask patients were identified as the most significant barriers.ConclusionPublic health surveillance programmes can be integrated rapidly into outpatient settings. This project has shown that a quality improvement approach can be successful in integrating such programmes. The key interventions used were staff engagement initiatives and front-line data collection. Implementation barriers were also identified using staff questionnaires.
Severe flares are associated with a poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with SLE: data from the Almenara Lupus Cohort
Authors: Ugarte-Gil Manuel Francisco , Gamboa-Cardenas Rocio Violeta , Reátegui-Sokolova Cristina , Pimentel-Quiroz Victor Román , Medina Mariela , Elera-Fitzcarrald Claudia , Zevallos Francisco , Pastor-Asurza Cesar Augusto , Zazzetti Federico , Karyekar Chetan S , Alarcón Graciela S , Perich-Campos Risto Alfredo 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundFlares in patients with SLE, regardless of their severity, have been associated with damage accrual. However, their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has not been fully evaluated. In fact, disease activity is only minimally associated with HRQoL.ObjectiveTo determine the association between flares and HRQoL.MethodsPatients from the Almenara Lupus Cohort were included. Visits occurring between December 2015 and February 2020 were evaluated. Flares were defined as an increase on the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) of at least 4 points; severe flares were those with a final SLEDAI-2K ≥12 and mild-moderate flares all the others. HRQoL was measured using the LupusQoL. Univariable and multivariable generalised estimating regression equations were performed, adjusting for possible confounders. Confounders were determined at one visit, whereas the outcome was determined on the subsequent visit; flares were determined based on the variation of the SLEDAI-2K between these visits.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-seven patients were included; 256 (92.4%) were female, mean age at diagnosis was 36.0 (SD: 13.3) years and mean disease duration at baseline was 9.1 (SD: 7.1) years. Patients had mean of 4.8 (SD: 1.9) visits and a mean follow-up of 2.7 (1.1) years. Out of 1098 visits, 115 (10.5%) flares were defined, 17 were severe and 98 mild-moderate. After adjustment for possible confounders, only severe flares were associated with a poorer HRQoL in planning, pain, emotional health and fatigue.ConclusionsSevere flares, but not mild-moderate, flares are associated with poorer HRQoL.
Characterisation of the dip-bump structure observed in proton–proton elastic scattering at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 8 TeV
Authors: Antchev G. , Aspell P. , Atanassov I. , Avati V. , Baechler J. , Barrera C. Baldenegro , Berardi V. , Berretti M. , Borchsh V. , Bossini E. , Bottigli U. , Bozzo M. , Burkhardt H. , Cafagna F. S. , Catanesi M. G. , Csanád M. , Csörgő T. , Deile M. , De Leonardis F. , Doubek M. , Druzhkin D. , Eggert K. , Eremin V. , Ferro F. , Fiergolski A. , Forthomme L. , Garcia F. , Georgiev V. , Giani S. , Grzanka L. , Hammerbauer J. , Isidori T. , Ivanchenko V. , Janda M. , Karev A. , Kašpar J. , Kaynak B. , Kopal J. , Kundrát V. , Lami S. , Latino G. , Linhart R. , Lindsey C. , Lokajíček M. V. , Losurdo L. , Rodríguez F. Lucas , Macrí M. , Malawski M. , Minafra N. , Minutoli S. , Naaranoja T. , Nemes F. , Niewiadomski H. , Novák T. , Oliveri E. , Oljemark F. , Oriunno M. , Österberg K. , Palazzi P. , Passaro V. , Peroutka Z. , Procházka J. , Quinto M. , Radermacher E. , Radicioni E. , Ravotti F. , Robutti E. , Royon C. , Ruggiero G. , Saarikko H. , Samoylenko V. D. , Scribano A. , Siroky J. , Smajek J. , Snoeys W. , Stefanovitch R. , Sziklai J. , Taylor C. , Tcherniaev E. , Turini N. , Urban O. , Vacek V. , Vavroch O. , Welti J. , Williams J. , Zich J. , Zielinski K. ,   TOTEM Collaboration
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe TOTEM collaboration at the CERN LHC has measured the differential cross-section of elastic proton–proton scattering at $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$

s

=
8

TeV

in the squared four-momentum transfer range $$0.2\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}< |t| < 1.9\,\mathrm{GeV^{2}}$$

0.2

GeV
2

<

|
t
|

<
1.9

GeV
2

. This interval includes the structure with a diffractive minimum (“dip”) and a secondary maximum (“bump”) that has also been observed at all other LHC energies, where measurements were made. A detailed characterisation of this structure for $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\mathrm{TeV}$$

s

=
8

TeV

yields the positions, $$|t|_{\mathrm{dip}} = (0.521 \pm 0.007)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$

|
t
|

dip

=

(
0.521
±
0.007
)

GeV
2

and $$|t|_{\mathrm{bump}} = (0.695 \pm 0.026)\,\mathrm{GeV^2}$$

|
t
|

bump

=

(
0.695
±
0.026
)

GeV
2

, as well as the cross-section values, $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{dip}} = (15.1 \pm 2.5)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$

d
σ
/
d
t

dip

=

(
15.1
±
2.5
)

μ
b
/

GeV
2

and $$\left. {\mathrm{d}\sigma /\mathrm{d}t}\right| _{\mathrm{bump}} = (29.7 \pm 1.8)\,\mathrm{{\mu b/GeV^2}}$$

d
σ
/
d
t

bump

=

(
29.7
±
1.8
)

μ
b
/

GeV
2

, for the dip and the bump, respectively.
Proton-PDF uncertainties in extracting nuclear PDFs from $$W^\pm $$ production in p+Pb collisions
Authors: Eskola Kari J. , Paakkinen Petja , Paukkunen Hannu , Salgado Carlos A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe discuss the recent CMS Collaboration measurement of$$W^\pm $$W±boson production in p+Pb collisions at 8.16 TeV in terms of the constraining power on nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). The impact of the free-proton PDF uncertainties on the nuclear PDF extraction is quantified by using a theoretical covariance-matrix method and Hessian PDF reweighting. We discuss different ways to mitigate these theoretical uncertainties, including self-normalization, forward-to-backward ratios and nuclear-modification ratios. It is found that none of these methods offer perfect cancellation of the free-proton PDFs but, with the present data uncertainties, the residual free-proton-PDF dependence has, conveniently for the global analyses, little effect on the extraction of the nuclear modifications. Based on a simple estimate of obtainable statistics at the LHC Run 3, we argue that this will change in the near future and it becomes more important to propagate the proton-PDF uncertainties accordingly. Using the obtained information on the correlations of the free-proton uncertainties, we also identify a new charge asymmetry ratio, where the cancellation of the proton-PDF uncertainties is found to be extremely good.
WearSign
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jing JiaZhen , Wang Dong , Zhao Run 
Published: March 2022

Sign language translation (SLT) is considered as the core technology to break the communication barrier between the deaf and hearing people. However, most studies only focus on recognizing the sequence of sign gestures (sign language recognition (SLR)), ignoring the significant difference of linguistic structures between sign language and spoken language. In this paper, we approach SLT as a spatio-temporal machine translation task and propose a wearable-based system, WearSign, to enable direct translation from the sign-induced sensory signals into spoken texts. WearSign leverages a smartwatch and an armband of ElectroMyoGraphy (EMG) sensors to capture the sophisticated sign gestures. In the design of the translation network, considering the significant modality and linguistic gap between sensory signals and spoken language, we design a multi-task encoder-decoder framework which uses sign glosses (sign gesture labels) for intermediate supervision to guide the end-to-end training. In addition, due to the lack of sufficient training data, the performance of prior studies usually degrades drastically when it comes to sentences with complex structures or unseen in the training set. To tackle this, we borrow the idea of back-translation and leverage the much more available spoken language data to synthesize the paired sign language data. We include the synthetic pairs into the training process, which enables the network to learn better sequence-to-sequence mapping as well as generate more fluent spoken language sentences.We construct an American sign language (ASL) dataset consisting of 250 commonly used sentences gathered from 15 volunteers. WearSign achieves 4.7% and 8.6% word error rate (WER) in user-independent tests and unseen sentence tests respectively. We also implement a real-time version of WearSign which runs fully on the smartphone with a low latency and energy overhead.
A Paradigmatic Approach to Find Equal Sum Partitions of Zero-Divisors via Complete Graphs
Authors: Mateen M. Haris , Mahmood M. Khalid , Ahmad Daud , Ali Shahbaz , Ali Shajib 
Published: March 2022

In computer science and mathematics, a partition of a set into two or more disjoint subsets with equal sums is a well-known NP-complete problem. This is a hard problem and referred to as the partition problem or number partitioning. In this paper, we solve a particular type of NP-complete problem on the set of all zero-divisors of

Z

n

including zero, where

Z

n

is the ring of residue classes of a positive integer

n

. In this regard, we introduce and investigate quadratic zero-divisor graph in which we build an edge between zero-divisors

z

i

and

z

j

if and only if

z

i

2

≡

z

j

2

mod

n

,
i
≠
j

. This is denoted as

G
⏞

2
,
n

. We characterize these graphs in term of complete graphs for classes of integers

2

α

,

p

α

,

2

α

p
,
2

p

α

and

p
q

, where

α

is any positive integer and

p
,
q

are odd primes.
Clinical Observation and Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations of Original Research Drug and Generic Drug Bortezomib in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Liang Yongchao , Zhu Ying , Zhang Ying , Chen Ziwei , Li Boyang , Liu Aijun , Liu Lihong 
Published: March 2022

Background. Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the hitherto incurable malignant blood tumors. Bortezomib plays an important role in the treatment of MM. Objective. We aimed to compare effectiveness, safety, and pharmacoeconomic evaluations of the original research drug and the generic drug Bortezomib in the treatment of MM, so as to provide a reasonable basis for the selection of drugs in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods. A collection of 374 patients with MM were diagnosed and treated with combined Bortezomib in our hospital from July 2019 to January 2020.Two hundred and sixty nine cases met the criteria for inclusion and discharge. According to the different drug manufacturers, divided into the original research drug group (n = 149) and the generic drug group (n = 120). The effectiveness and safety were separately counted, and use the cost-minimization analysis to make the pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Results. Compared with the results of the two groups, there was no statistical difference between the two groups of treatment efficacy or adverse reaction rates (

P

> 0.05). The average daily cost of the original research drug group was 2954.38 Chinese yuan (CNY), the average treatment cost per cycle was 32967.69 CNY, the average daily cost of the generic drug group was 2697.29 CNY, and the average treatment cost per cycle was 29129.57 CNY. The price of the generic drug group is lower than the original drug group, and there was a statistical difference between the two groups (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. There was no difference between the two groups of effectiveness or safety, and the generic drug is more economical in the treatment.
Diagnostic Value of Dynamic Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with Serum CA15-3, CYFRA21-1, and TFF1 for Breast Cancer
Authors: Xue Feng , Meng Yu , Jiang Jie 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To explore the diagnostic value of dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with serum CA15-3, CYFRA21-1, and TFF1 for breast cancer. Methods. By means of a retrospective study, 60 breast cancer patients treated in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the breast cancer group, 60 patients with benign breast lesions were selected as the benign group, and 60 healthy individuals who received physical examination in our hospital in the same period were selected as the control group. All study subjects received dynamic enhanced MRI scan and serological tests, their serum CA15-3 and CYFRA21-1 levels were measured with the electrochemiluminescence instrument and original auxiliary reagent, and the TFF1 level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The MRI performance variation in breast lesion patients was analyzed, the serum CA15-3, CYFRA21-1, and TFF1 levels of study subjects were compared among the three groups, and the efficacy of single diagnosis by dynamic enhanced MRI, CA15-3, CYFRA21-1, or TFF1 as well as combined diagnosis was explored by ROC curves. Results. Dynamic enhanced MRI showed that malignant lesion had obscure boundary, irregular margin, and heterogeneity after enhancement, and the time-signal intensity curve presented fast-in fast-out; the benign lesion had a clear boundary and smooth margin, 25 cases showed homogeneity after enhancement, and the time-signal intensity curve presented slow-in slow-out; the CA15-3, CYFRA21-1, and TFF1 levels were significantly different among the breast cancer group, benign group, and control group (33.81 ± 12.46 vs 19.02 ± 6.47 vs 9.55 ± 2.64, 4.08 ± 1.41 vs 1.96 ± 1.19 vs 0.99 ± 0.21, 1.39 ± 0.54 vs 1.04 ± 0.26 vs 0.89 ± 0.12,

P

< 0.05); 57 breast cancer patients were diagnosed by a combined examination, with a sensitivity of 95.0%, specificity of 83.3%, positive predictive value of 74.0%, negative predictive value of 97.1%, accuracy rate of 87.2%, and AUC (95%CI) = 0.892 (0.840–0.943), indicating a significantly higher diagnostic value of the combined examination than the single examination by CA15-3, CYFRA21-1, TFF1, or MRI. Conclusion. Combining dynamic enhanced MRI with serum CA15-3, CYFRA21-1, and TFF1 has good efficacy in diagnosing breast cancer, which can be applied in clinical diagnosis of breast cancer.
mTOR Inhibition and T-DM1 in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Casadevall David , Hernández-Prat Anna , García-Alonso Sara , Arpí-Llucià Oriol , Menéndez Silvia , Qin Mengjuan , Guardia Cristina , Morancho Beatriz , Sánchez-Martín Francisco Javier , Zazo Sandra , Gavilán Elena , Sabbaghi Mohammad A. , Eroles Pilar , Cejalvo Juan Miguel , Lluch Ana , Rojo Federico , Pandiella Atanasio , Rovira Ana , Albanell Joan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

In patients with trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer, the combination of everolimus (mTORC1 inhibitor) with trastuzumab failed to show a clinically significant benefit. However, the combination of mTOR inhibition and the antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) remains unexplored. We tested T-DM1 plus everolimus in a broad panel of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines. The combination was superior to T-DM1 alone in four cell lines (HCC1954, SKBR3, EFM192A, and MDA-MB-36) and in two cultures from primary tumor cells derived from HER2-positive patient-derived xenografts (PDX), but not in BT474 cells. In the trastuzumab-resistant HCC1954 cell line, we characterized the effects of the combination using TAK-228 (mTORC1 and -2 inhibitor) and knockdown of the different mTOR complex components. T-DM1 did not affect mTOR downstream signaling nor induct autophagy. Importantly, mTOR inhibition increased intracellular T-DM1 levels, leading to increased lysosomal accumulation of the compound. The increased efficacy of mTOR inhibition plus T-DM1 was abrogated by lysosome inhibitors (chloroquine and bafilomycin A1). Our experiments suggest that BT474 are less sensitive to T-DM1 due to lack of optimal lysosomal processing and intrinsic resistance to the DM1 moiety. Finally, we performed several in vivo experiments that corroborated the superior activity of T-DM1 and everolimus in HCC1954 and PDX-derived mouse models. In summary, everolimus in combination with T-DM1 showed strong antitumor effects in HER2-positive breast cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. This effect might be related, at least partially, to mTOR-dependent lysosomal processing of T-DM1, a finding that might apply to other ADCs that require lysosomal processing.

Implications:
Inhibition of mTOR increases the antitumor activity of T-DM1, supporting that the combination of mTOR inhibitors and antibody–drug conjugates warrants clinical evaluation in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Aspirin and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Genetic Susceptibility among Older Individuals
Authors: Bakshi Andrew , Cao Yin , Orchard Suzanne G. , Carr Prudence R. , Joshi Amit D. , Manning Alisa K. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Umar Asad , Winship Ingrid M. , Gibbs Peter , Zalcberg John R. , Macrae Finlay , McNeil John J. , Lacaze Paul , Chan Andrew T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Although aspirin has been considered a promising agent for prevention of colorectal cancer, recent data suggest a lack of benefit among older individuals. Whether some individuals with higher risk of colorectal cancer may benefit from aspirin remains unknown. We used a 95-variant colorectal cancer polygenic risk score (PRS) to explore the association between genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer and aspirin use in a prospective study of 12,609 individuals of European descent ages ≥70 years, enrolled in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial (randomized controlled trial; RCT). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of aspirin use on colorectal cancer, as well as the interaction between the PRS and aspirin treatment on colorectal cancer. Over a median of 4.7 years follow-up, 143 participants were diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer. Aspirin assignment was not associated with incidence of colorectal cancer overall [HR = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–1.30] or within strata of PRS (P for interaction = 0.97). However, the PRS was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.28 per SD; 95% CI, 1.09–1.51). Individuals in the top quintile of the PRS distribution had an 85% higher risk compared with individuals in the bottom quintile (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.08–3.15). In a prospective RCT of older individuals, a PRS is associated with incident colorectal cancer risk, but aspirin use was not associated with a reduction of incident colorectal cancer, regardless of baseline genetic risk.

Prevention Relevance:
There is strong evidence to support prophylactic aspirin use for the prevention of colorectal cancer. However recent recommendations suggest the risk of bleeding in older individuals outweighs the benefit. We sought to determine whether some older individuals might still benefit from aspirin based on their genetic susceptibility.