bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are metapopulation species drivers of metacommunity structure in sandstone outcrop communities?
Authors: Barfknecht David Francis , Gibson David John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuestionsThe extent to which metacommunities contain species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics is poorly understood. We investigate this issue within sandstone outcrop plant communities scattered across an upland hardwood forest. We investigate the life forms of metapopulation species and relationships between taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity, composition, and environmental factors.LocationTwenty‐three sandstone outcrop communities in southern Illinois, USA.MethodsFollowing vegetation surveys, species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics were identified and compared to all species based on origin, growth form, and lifecycle. Cohesion, turnover, and boundary clumping were utilized to determine metacommunity structure. Correlations evaluated associations between site‐based variables, and regressions evaluated associations between diversity indices. Multivariate analyses compared sites to determine which variables contributed to compositional differences.ResultsTwenty of 130 species exhibited metapopulation dynamics and were usually annual or biennial exotics. Metacommunity elements indicated a metacommunity structure where groups of species tended to replace one another across sites, in which species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics were subordinate as opposed to dominant or transient. The largest sites were the most regularly shaped, but not the most diverse. Species richness and species exhibiting metapopulation dynamics determined phylogenetic and functional diversity, but largely non‐standardized measures of diversity, indicating independence between types of diversity. Multivariate analyses showed that diversity metrics explained community composition differences, where more species‐rich sites with more metapopulation species were also more phylogenetically and functionally diverse.ConclusionsSandstone outcrop communities exhibited diverse plant communities, where phylogenetic and functional diversity were driven by both the number of all species and the subset of metapopulation species independently. SM dynamics were usually short‐lived and exotic species with their low number likely constrained via dispersal limitations. The communities exhibited a metacommunity structure indicating predictable community assemblages which tend to be replaced with others as opposed to just individual species being replaced individually, consistent with the concept of an integrated community. Functional traits indicated that these communities include species adapted to xeric, substrate‐poor conditions.
Repeatability and reproducibility of Cobra HD fundus camera meibography in young adults with and without symptoms of dry eye
Authors: Ifrah Reut , Quevedo Lluisa , Gantz Liat 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe inter‐session repeatability (ISR), inter‐examiner reproducibility (IER) and within‐subject variability (WSV) of the Cobra HD fundus camera meibographer were examined in participants with and without dry eye symptoms.MethodsSymptoms were determined based on Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (≥13 being considered symptomatic), and subgroups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Images of meibomian glands (MGs) from the upper and lower right eyelids were captured by two examiners on the same day (S1) to determine IER. One examiner repeated the measurements on a second day (S2) to obtain the ISR. ISR, IER and WSV were calculated using Friedman, correlation tests and Bland and Altman analyses with mean differences (md) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), within‐subject standard deviations (Sw) and intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsThe ISR experiment included 72 participants (mean age: 23 ± 5 years, range: 19–43, 36 symptomatic). Mean MG loss of the upper (S1: 13.5 ± 9.5%, S2: 12.8 ± 8.5%) and lower eyelids (S1: 7.5 ± 6.9%, S2: 7.3 ± 6.3%) was not significantly different between sessions for all participants, symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups for both eyelids. The ISR Sw for the upper and lower eyelids was 1.3% and 1.0%; md was 0.7 ± 3.5% (CI:−6.25% to 7.62%) and 0.1 ± 2.1% (CI: −3.94% to 4.17%), respectively. The IER experiment included 74 participants (mean age: 23 ± 5 years, range: 19–43, 37 symptomatic). Mean MG loss of the upper (Examiner 1: 12.7 ± 8.2%, Examiner 2: 13.1 ± 8.0%) and lower eyelids (Examiner 1: 7.0 ± 6.2%, Examiner 2: 7.4 ± 6.2%) was not significantly different between examiners for all participants, symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups for both eyelids. The IER ICC values were >0.86 for all conditions, Sw was 1.3% and 1.2%, with a md of −0.4 ± 3.2% (CI: −6.65% to 5.90%) and −0.4 ± 2.9% (CI: −6.15% to 5.31%), respectively. The WSV Sw values were <1.4%, and ICC values were >0.89 for both eyelids, examiners and experimental sessions.ConclusionsThe Cobra HD fundus camera demonstrates good repeatability, reproducibility and low WSV, and is a reliable clinical instrument for meibography.
Case report: “A healthy woman with exertional dyspnea: Indication of a pacemaker or not?”
Authors: Clasen Lukas , Schmidt Jan , Bejinariu Alexandru Gabriel , Kehmeier Eva Susanne , Kelm Malte , Makimoto Hisaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe selection of patients with chronotropic incompetence (CI) for cardiac pacing therapy remains challenging. Here, we present a case of a 40‐year‐old woman with severe exertional dyspnea. The exercise test revealed a blunted increase in the heart rate (HR) (maximum of 110 bpm). Her exercise capacity significantly improved under atrial stimulation at 170 bpm using a temporary pacing lead. Therefore, we implanted a rate‐adaptive dual‐chamber pacemaker with a blended sensor. During follow‐up exercise capacity normalized, and she had no residual exertional dyspnea at 6 months. This case highlights the potential value for individual assessments of CI to identify clear indications for pacemaker implantation.
An Assessment of Seal Ability of Tubing Threaded Connections: A Hybrid Empirical-Numerical Method
Authors: Yu Hao , Wang Hao , Lian Zhanghua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Oil and gas development has strict requirements for the seal ability of premium threaded connections (PTCs) of tubing. Assessing the seal ability of joints can help reduce the risk of leakage after running the string. Using experimental methods to investigate thread sealing capability is time-consuming and expensive, and furthermore, the results of the finite element simulations are not accurate enough. To better address this issue, a hybrid method is utilized as an advanced solution: we establish a geometric nonlinear model and tie it to an empirical formula based on experimental data. With this method, we explore the variation of the seal ability of a PTC within the actual working load range. Our results indicate that the increase in internal pressure increases the contact pressure on the contact path to a certain extent, but reduces the seal ability of the joint. Also, an increase in the axial tensile load will significantly impair the performance of the joint to seal. Eventually, an economic appraisal is obtained by considering the seal ability of different type of joints. The described workflow may be adopted in other wells to predict the potential string leak problems induced by premium threaded connections with cheap computational costs, and to compare the seal abilities of different PTCs for optimal purposes of saving drilling costs.
Investigation of Burn Parameters and Cyclic Variations of a Spark Ignition Engine With Different Combustion Chambers
Authors: Demirci Abdurrahman , Emre Doğan Hüseyin , Akın Kutlar Osman , Cihan Ömer , Arslan Hikmet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The tightening of the exhaust emission limits and the desire to reduce fuel consumption determine the direction of research on internal combustion engines. As it is known, the leaning of the mixture in spark ignition engines generally decreases fuel consumption and NOx emission together. Due to this fact, many researchers are focusing on lean combustion. The main purpose of this study is to compare the effect of different chamber geometries on combustion parameters of a spark ignition engine operated at lean and stoichiometric mixtures. One of the most important parameters of the combustion process is cyclic variations. It defines the stability of a spark ignition engine in operating conditions. Cyclic variations are increased with the leaning of the mixture in spark ignition engines. For lean mixture, a new combustion chamber was designed and manufactured for accelerating flow motions through its sickle and bowl shape. This chamber called MAN-Ricardo (MR) type decreased burn durations in the combustion process. While the start of the ignition for MR was later, the burn duration is shorter than that of the other two geometries. Therefore, MR type reduced the cyclic variations compared to other geometries in homogenous and lean mixtures. As a result, the combustion chamber must be designed to increase the turbulence intensity for a spark ignition engine to operate stably in lean mixtures, unlike the stoichiometric mixture.
Weather Window Analysis in Operations and Maintenance Policies for Offshore Floating Multi-Purpose Platforms
Authors: Heo Taemin , Liu Ding Peng , Manuel Lance 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In an emerging “blue economy,” the use of large multi-purpose floating platforms in the open ocean is being considered. Such platforms could possibly support a diversified range of commercial activities including energy generation, aquaculture, seabed mining, transport, tourism, and sea-based laboratories. A Markov decision process (MDP) framework is proposed to deal with operations and maintenance (O&M) issues that are inevitable; challenges arise from the complex stochastic weather conditions that need to be accounted for. Using data as well as contrasting synthetic simulations of relevant weather variables, we demonstrate the robustness/versatility of the MDP model. Two case studies—one involving constant and another involving time-dependent downtime costs—are conducted to demonstrate how the proposed MDP framework incorporates weather patterns from available data and can offer optimal policies for distinct metocean conditions (i.e., temporal variations in the weather). A realistic example that illustrates the implementation of the proposed framework for multiple O&M issues involving salmon net pens and wave energy converters demonstrates how our optimal policies can minimize O&M costs and maximize crew safety almost as if the true future were known for scheduling.
Evaluating the Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness of Planetary Gear Set With Gear Crack Considering the Friction Force Under Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Condition
Authors: Wang Siyu , Zhu Rupeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The mesh stiffness calculation of the planetary gear system with gear crack is investigated, and gear crack is modeled into end-face and addendum extended crack. Furthermore, the mesh stiffnesses are calculated under the effect of friction force obtained under the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) condition. The nonuniformly distributed gear cracks on external and internal gear pairs are comprehensively modeled and analyzed, which is rarely investigated in previous studies. Moreover, the influence of crack propagation conditions on the meshing stiffness of the planetary gear system is analyzed. The obtained results show that the mesh stiffnesses experience abrupt variation in the pitch area during meshing, the extent of change is determined by the amplitude of the friction coefficient; in addition, gear crack position and extent could cause mesh stiffness reduction at varying levels at different stages of gear meshing.
Dominant and Nondominant Leg Kinematics During Kicking in Young Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Frontani Francesco , Prenassi Marco , Paolini Viviana , Formicola Giovanni , Marceglia Sara , Policastro Francesca 
Published: November 2022

The goal of the study is to analyze the kinematics and provide an EMG analysis of the support limb during an instep kick in adolescent players. We set a video camera, two torque transducers on the knee, and EMG sensors. A sample of 16 adolescent soccer players between 10 and 12 years old performed kicks. The kinematics shows a p = .039 on frontal plane (dominant 15.4 ± 1.8, nondominant 18.8 ± 1.7); the EMG analysis shows a p = .04 on muscular activation timing for the vastus medialis. A difference between the legs on the frontal plane emerges. Moreover, a huge difference on sagittal plane between the adolescent pattern and adult pattern exists (15° in adolescent population, 40° in adult population). The result shows a greater activation of the vastus medialis in the nondominant leg; probably, in this immature pattern, the adolescents use this muscle more than necessary.
Supplemental Material: Quantitative record of the Neoarchean water cycle from a 2.67 Ga magmatic-hydrothermal system, Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Zakharov David , al. et 
Published: November 2022

<p>Sample description, methods, oxygen-isotope notations and triple oxygen-isotope fractionation, Figures S1–S5, and Tables S1–S3. </p>
Early physical maturation and subjective health complaints in adolescent girls: a pooled cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Lian Qiguo , Li Ruili , Elgar Frank J , Su Qiru 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAlthough adolescents are generally healthy, subjective health complaints (SHC) are common in this age group, especially in adolescent girls. We explored the association between early menarche and the frequency of psychosomatic symptoms and how this association varies between countries.MethodsOur sample included 298 000 adolescent girls from 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 41 European and North American countries. School surveys measured the frequency of eight psychosomatic symptoms in the past 6 months. Early maturation was defined as self-reported age at menarche below 11 years. Using logistic regression, we estimated adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIsof experiencing each psychosomatic symptom at least more than once a week and experiencing two or more symptoms at least more than once a week.ResultsEarly menarche occurred in 4.73% of the sample and was positively related to headache, stomachache, backache, feeling low, irritability or bad temper, feeling nervous, difficulties in sleeping, feeling dizzy and two or more of these symptoms, respectively (all p values<0.001). The interactions between early menarche and survey circle were non-significant. Changing the age criterion to 12 years did not affect the results. The associations between early menarche and psychosomatic symptoms were robust across the HBSC-participating counties with two age criteria.ConclusionsEarly menarche positively relates to various psychosomatic symptoms in European and North American adolescent girls. Our findings suggest that early-maturing girls may need early supportive interventions.
Handling Qualities Assessment and Performance Evaluation for Unmanned Aerial Systems and Pilots
Authors: Herrington Shawn M. , Zahed Muhammad Junayed Hasan , Fields Travis D. 
Published: November 2022

When fly-by-wire controls first appeared, much research focused on how to evaluate control laws and bare airframes for airworthiness given the reliance on electronic augmentation. Similarly, handling qualities and methods of evaluation for novel flying vehicles have been discussed whenever novel designs are developed. In the last 20 years, with the proliferation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), much research has focused on transferring existing methods of performance evaluation and airworthiness assessment to accommodate the unique feature of many UAS. However, the changes in sensory information and pilot experience levels require examining the aircraft and pilots together in a holistic manner. In this work, the authors present the results of a broad study focused on evaluation of both pilot skill and aircraft performance in a holistic way. In this study, the skill of the remote pilot is considered as well as the effectiveness of the electronic flight control system because the evaluation is conducted on the system at-large as opposed to considering each piece individually. An evaluation approach using mission-task-elements (MTEs), like that used within Aeronautical Design Standard-33 Handling Qualities Requirements for Military Rotorcraft (ADS-33), is developed and presented for UAS. In the study, new UAS pilots were evaluated before, during, and after an intensive training program using qualitative measures (like Cooper–Harper rating) and quantitative measurements (like elapsed time) of their performance while flying the prescribed MTEs. The techniques described can provide insight into pilot performance, airframe airworthiness, and effectiveness of stability systems in an efficient test program and the results are inherently easy to understand in the context of MTEs.
The Ordovician System of Canada: an extensive stratigraphic record of Laurentian shallow water platforms and deep marine basins
Authors: Desrochers André , Jin Jisuo , Dewing Keith 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ordovician rocks extensively border and cover Laurentia or the North American Craton in Canada. These rocks represent diverse and significant successions spread across a variety of depositional and palaeogeographic settings in the Canadian Arctic Islands, Eastern Canada, Western Canada and the Canadian Interior. During much of the Ordovician, Laurentia straddled the palaeoequator and was flooded by extensive epicontinental seas, experiencing high temperatures and high faunal diversity. The central and western parts of the Laurentian Craton remained relatively stable during the Ordovician, but there was substantial tectonic activity with the Taconic Orogeny affecting the Appalachian area and the Pearya composite terrane affecting the Franklinian Margin along its eastern and northern margins, respectively. The large Hudson Bay and Williston basins and smaller satellite basins cover the cratonic interior in Canada. These shallow intracratonic basins, dominated by marine carbonates with some evaporites, are the erosional remnant of a more extensive sea episodically connected with the adjacent platformal areas during the Ordovician. The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Ordovician System is exposed in Green Point, western Newfoundland while the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval is well exposed on Anticosti Island, Québec but is also present in Ontario, Manitoba, Yukon and Arctic Canada.
The Ordovician record of North and West Africa: unravelling sea-level variations, Gondwana tectonics, and the glacial impact
Authors: Ghienne Jean-François , Abdallah Hussein , Deschamps Rémy , Guiraud Michel , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos , Konaté Moussa , Meinhold Guido , Moussa Abderamane , Rubino Jean-Loup 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Ordovician of North and West Africa comprises three main transgressive–regressive sequences understood as ‘second-order’ cycles of 10–15 myr duration. Tide- to wave-dominated shallow-marine clastic successions, preserving incidental bryozoan carbonates to the north, include fluvial deposits over the most proximal southern stretches of the platform. The boundary with Cambrian strata remains unclear but the latter are progressively less represented to the south in the undifferentiated ‘Cambro-Ordovician’. To the north, graptolites, brachiopods and trilobites combined with palynomorphs provide a robust biostratigraphic frame. Maximum flooding intervals occurred in the early to middle Tremadocian, middle Darriwilian and middle to late Katian. Two events interfered with an overall long-term transgressive trend. The ‘intra-Arenig’ (late Floian?) tectonic event highlighted palaeohighs coinciding with Paleoproterozoic basements. Gondwanan drainage basins were reorganized, which had an impact on sediment sourcing and distribution of detrital material (e.g. zircons) feeding the pre-Variscan Europe. The second event is the end-Ordovician glaciation. The domain supported the greatest part of the Hirnantian glaciers and may also have preserved pre-Hirnantian glacial archives. It is not until the very latest Ordovician that offshore conditions developed far inland; it is however suspected that this inundation benefited from a transient postglacial isostatic flexure.
Declarative Specification for Unstructured Mesh Editing Algorithms
Authors: Jiang Zhongshi , Dai Jiacheng , Hu Yixin , Zhou Yunfan , Dumas Jeremie , Zhou Qingnan , Bajwa Gurkirat Singh , Zorin Denis , Panozzo Daniele , Schneider Teseo 
Published: November 2022

We introduce a novel approach to describe mesh generation, mesh adaptation, and geometric modeling algorithms relying on changing mesh connectivity using a high-level abstraction. The main motivation is to enable easy customization and development of these algorithms via a declarative specification consisting of a set of per-element invariants, operation scheduling, and attribute transfer for each editing operation.
We demonstrate that widely used algorithms editing surfaces and volumes can be compactly expressed with our abstraction, and their implementation within our framework is simple, automatically parallelizable on shared-memory architectures, and with guaranteed satisfaction of the prescribed invariants. These algorithms are readable and easy to customize for specific use cases. We introduce a software library implementing this abstraction and providing automatic shared-memory parallelization.
Fast Octree Neighborhood Search for SPH Simulations
Authors: Fernández-Fernández José Antonio , Westhofen Lukas , Löschner Fabian , Jeske Stefan Rhys , Longva Andreas , Bender Jan 
Published: November 2022

We present a new octree-based neighborhood search method for SPH simulation. A speedup of up to 1.9x is observed in comparison to state-of-the-art methods which rely on uniform grids. While our method focuses on maximizing performance in fixed-radius SPH simulations, we show that it can also be used in scenarios where the particle support radius is not constant thanks to the adaptive nature of the octree acceleration structure.
Neighborhood search methods typically consist of an acceleration structure that prunes the space of possible particle neighbor pairs, followed by direct distance comparisons between the remaining particle pairs. Previous works have focused on minimizing the number of comparisons. However, in an effort to minimize the actual computation time, we find that distance comparisons exhibit very high throughput on modern CPUs. By permitting more comparisons than strictly necessary, the time spent on preparing and searching the acceleration structure can be reduced, yielding a net positive speedup. The choice of an octree acceleration structure, instead of the uniform grid typically used in fixed-radius methods, ensures balanced computational tasks. This benefits both parallelism and provides consistently high computational intensity for the distance comparisons. We present a detailed account of high-level considerations that, together with low-level decisions, enable high throughput for performance-critical parts of the algorithm.
Finally, we demonstrate the high performance of our algorithm on a number of large-scale fixed-radius SPH benchmarks and show in experiments with a support radius ratio up to 3 that our method is also effective in multi-resolution SPH simulations.