bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new analytical scattering phase function for interstellar dust
Authors: Baes Maarten , Camps Peter , Kapoor Anand Utsav 
Published: December 2021

Context.Properly modelling scattering by interstellar dust grains requires a good characterisation of the scattering phase function. The Henyey-Greenstein phase function has become the standard for describing anisotropic scattering by dust grains, but it is a poor representation of the real scattering phase function outside the optical range.Aims.We investigate alternatives for the Henyey-Greenstein phase function that would allow the scattering properties of dust grains to be described. Our goal is to find a balance between realism and complexity: the scattering phase function should be flexible enough to provide an accurate fit to the scattering properties of dust grains over a wide wavelength range, and it should be simple enough to be easy to handle, especially in the context of radiative transfer calculations.Methods.We fit various analytical phase functions to the scattering phase function corresponding to the BARE-GR-S model, one of the most popular and commonly adopted models for interstellar dust. We weigh the accuracy of the fit against the number of free parameters in the analytical phase functions.Results.We confirm that the Henyey-Greenstein phase functions poorly describe scattering by dust grains, particularly at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, with relative differences of up to 50%. The Draine phase function alleviates this problem at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, but not in the UV. The two-term Reynolds-McCormick phase function, recently advocated in the context of light scattering in nanoscale materials and aquatic media, describes the BARE-GR-S data very well, but its five free parameters are degenerate. We propose a simpler phase function, the two-term ultraspherical-2 (TTU2) phase function, that also provides an excellent fit to the BARE-GR-S phase function over the entire UV-NIR wavelength range. This new phase function is characterised by three free parameters with a simple physical interpretation. We demonstrate that the TTU2 phase function is easily integrated in both the spherical harmonics and the Monte Carlo radiative transfer approaches, without a significant overhead or increased complexity.Conclusions.The new TTU2 phase function provides an ideal balance between being simple enough to be easily adopted and realistic enough to accurately describe scattering by dust grains. We advocate its application in astrophysical applications, in particular in dust radiative transfer calculations.
A Retrospective Observational Study of Problems Faced by Children and Adolescents with Cancer: A 5-year Experience from a Pediatric Psycho-Oncology Service in India
Authors: Deodhar Jayita , Goswami Savita S. , Sonkusare Lekhika N. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction Psychological concerns are common in children and adolescents with cancer, for which they require referral to specialist services. There is a dearth of pediatric psycho-oncology services in India. There are limited studies on emotional and related distress in children.Objectives To evaluate the types of problems and associated factors in children and adolescents with cancer referred to the pediatric psycho-oncology service in a tertiary care oncology center in India.Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of all referrals to the institution's pediatric psycho-oncology service over 5 years was performed. Patients newly referred to the service, up to 18 years of age, with a cancer diagnosis, on active disease-modifying treatment or supportive care or following up within 2 years of completion of treatment were included. Patients not on any disease-modifying treatment and receiving the best supportive care only were excluded as needs and problems would differ in this group. Patients whose medical records were incomplete were excluded too. Descriptive measures and tests of association were performed for analysis.Results Of the 278 children referred to the service in 5 years, 66.5% were males. The average age was 11 years (standard deviation [SD]: 4.5). Most children had hematolymphoid cancers (58.2%). All reported problems were mainly emotional/behavioral (59%), physical health-related (21%), and academic (14%). Male children, referred from outpatient clinics and undergoing treatment with palliative intent, had more emotional problems, but these factors were not statistically significant.Conclusion Children and adolescents with cancer had different problems, most commonly emotional/behavioral and physical health-related. Age, gender, and treatment intent were factors associated with emotional problems. Psychosocial care services for children and adolescents with cancer are necessary for low-resource settings.
Improvement of Sleep Quality after Surgical Decompression in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Le Trung , Sang Nguyen Anh , Vuong Nguyen Lam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy which can cause severe sleep disturbance. Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is a choice for severe cases, which has shown to improve sleep quality, but the available evidence is limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CTR on sleep quality and hand symptoms and functions in patients with CTS.
Methods This was a prospective study in 2019–2020 on patients with CTS and poor sleep quality undergoing CTR. Patients were evaluated before and at 1, 3, and 12 months after CTR by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaires.
Results There were 33 patients with 27 females (82%) and a median age of 51 years. The median time of CTS diagnosis and having sleep disorder before CTR were 12 and 6 months, respectively. The outcomes significantly improved after CTR, with the median PSQI and Boston symptom and function scores reduced from 12, 33, and 23 before CTR to 9, 14, and 11 at 1 month; 7, 13, and 9 at 3 months; and 1, 11, and 8 at 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The correlations between the PSQI and Boston symptom and function scores were > 0.6 at all time-points.
Conclusions Surgical decompression significantly improves sleep quality and the hand symptoms and functions in patients with CTS. Long-term evaluations are lacking and thus are required in future studies.
Phospholipase A2 inhibitor and LY6/PLAUR domain-containing protein PINLYP regulates type I interferon innate immunity
Authors: Liu Zhongshun , Jiang Congwei , Lei Zhangmengxue , Dong Sihan , Kuang Linlin , Huang Chenxu , Gao Ying , Liu Mu , Xiao Hui , Legembre Patrick , Jung Jae U. , Liang Huaping , Liang Xiaozhen 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses serve as the first line of the host innate immune defense against viral infection. Here we identify a previously uncharacterized protein designated phospholipase A2 inhibitor and LY6/PLAUR domain-containing protein (PINLYP), which is essential for embryonic development and plays an important role in type I IFN against pathogen infection. PINLYP deficiency impairs type I IFN production and dampens in vivo host defense against DNA and RNA virus infection. We unravel a unique actor in the type I IFN innate immunity and a potential target for the antiviral therapies.
Microstratigraphic preservation of ancient faunal and hominin DNA in Pleistocene cave sediments
Authors: Massilani Diyendo , Morley Mike W. , Mentzer Susan M. , Aldeias Vera , Vernot Benjamin , Miller Christopher , Stahlschmidt Mareike , Kozlikin Maxim B. , Shunkov Michael V. , Derevianko Anatoly P. , Conard Nicholas J. , Wurz Sarah , Henshilwood Christopher S. , Vasquez Javi , Essel Elena , Nagel Sarah , Richter Julia , Nickel Birgit , Roberts Richard G. , Pääbo Svante , Slon Viviane , Goldberg Paul , Meyer Matthias 
Published: December 2021

Significance
DNA preserved in sediments has emerged as an important source of information about past ecosystems, independent of the discovery of skeletal remains. However, little is known about the sources of sediment DNA, the factors affecting its long-term preservation, and the extent to which it may be translocated after deposition. Here, we show that impregnated blocks of intact sediment are excellent archives of DNA. DNA distribution is highly heterogeneous at the microscale in the cave sediment we studied, suggesting that postdepositional movement of DNA is unlikely to be a common phenomenon in cases where the stratigraphy is undisturbed. Combining micromorphological analysis with microstratigraphic retrieval of ancient DNA therefore allows genetic information to be associated with the detailed archaeological and ecological record preserved in sediments.
Post-arc current measurement and interruption performance of vacuum interrupter in DC interruption
Authors: Tang Qiang , Jia Shenli , Shi Zongqian , Mo Yongpeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the DC grid, fault current rises very fast due to low impedance. Fast DC circuit breakers are needed to isolate faults and avoid a collapse of the common DC grid voltage. Based on the forced current zero (CZ) technology, the vacuum interrupter (VI) equipped with fast electromagnetic repulsion mechanism is a very promising solution of fast DC interruption. The experimental research on the DC interruption characteristics of a VI, namely by examining the post-arc current (PAC) is presented in this paper. The dependence of the interruption capability on the PAC is analysed. What’s more, the failure modes of the VI under various experiment conditions are summarized. A former finding was that not all the arcing history which starts from the electrodes separating to the CZ has influence on the PAC but only a very short duration of several microseconds right before the CZ takes effects. New experiment results are added in this paper to support the former finding. Another former finding was that a longer electrode separation will bring about higher PAC. In this paper, both the influence of the arcing memory time and the electrodes separation are owed to a higher residual plasma density, which is verified by a model for calculating the residual plasma density and the continuous transient model (CTM) for calculating PAC.
Development of non-invasive blood glucose regression based on near-infrared spectroscopy combined with a deep-learning method
Authors: Wang Zhuyu , Zhou Linhua , Liu Tianqing , Huan Kewei , Jia Xiaoning 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Extracting micro-scale spectral features from dynamic blood glucose concentrations is extremely difficult when using non-invasive measurement methods. This work proposes a new machine-learning method based on near-infrared spectroscopy, a deep belief network (DBN), and a support vector machine to improve prediction accuracy. First, the standard oral glucose tolerance test was used to collect near-infrared spectroscopy and actual blood glucose concentration values for specific wavelengths (1200, 1300, 1350, 1450, 1600, 1610, and 1650 nm); the blood glucose concentrations were within a clinical range of 70 ∼ 220 mg dl−1. Second, based on the DBN model, high-dimensional deep features of the non-invasive blood glucose spectrum were extracted. These were used to establish a support vector regression (SVR) model and to quantitatively analyze the influence of the spectral sample size and corresponding feature dimensions (i.e. DBN structure) on prediction accuracy. Finally, based on data from six volunteers, a comparative analysis of the SVR model’s prediction accuracy was performed both before and after using high-dimensional deep features. For volunteer 1, when the DBN-based high-dimensional deep features were used, the root mean square error of the SVR model was reduced by 71.67%, and the correlation coefficient (R
2) and the P value of the Clark grid analysis (P) were increased by 13.99% and 6.28%, respectively. Moreover, we had similar results when the proposed method was carried out on the data of other volunteers. The results show that the presented algorithm can play an important role in dynamic non-invasive blood glucose concentration prediction and can effectively improve the accuracy of the SVR model. Further, by applying the algorithm to six independent sets of data, this research also illustrates the high-precision regression and generalization capabilities of the DBN-SVR algorithm.
Layer-dependent fracture strength of few-layer WS2 induced by interlayer sliding: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zhan Hao , Tan Xinfeng , Zhang Xin , Xie Guoxin , Guo Dan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between interlayer interactions and the mechanical properties and behaviors of two-dimensional layered materials is critical in the development of related nanodevices. Nevertheless, it is still challenging due to difficulties in experiments. In this work, nanoindentation simulations on few-layer WS2 were conducted by varying the tip radius, suspended membrane radius, and membrane size using a molecular dynamics simulation. Consistent with our previous experimental results, few-layer WS2 exhibited a layer-dependent reduction in fracture strength owing to the uneven stress distribution among individual layers induced by interlayer sliding under out-of-plane deformation. Furthermore, apparent curve hysteresis was observed due to interlayer sliding in the supported region when a large tip radius and membrane radius were employed. However, instead of the supported part, the interlayer sliding within the suspended part resulted in reduced fracture strength with the increase of layer number. These findings not only provide an in-depth comprehension of the influence of interlayer sliding on fracture strength of few-layer WS2, but also suggest that the role of interlayer interactions should be seriously considered during nanodevice design.
Refractive index and temperature dual parameter sensor based on a twin-core photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Jing Xili , Feng Yuhui , Gao Zhigang , Wu Biao , Wang Chengjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A twin-core photonic crystal fiber sensor is proposed for measuring liquid refractive index (RI) and temperature simultaneously. The air holes of the sensor are arranged in a hexagonal pattern, and two planes are introduced by polishing in the cladding. On one side of the plane, the gold film is deposited for RI measurement, and on the other side, the gold film and polydimethylsiloxane are deposited for temperature measurement. We analyzed its sensing characteristics by using the finite element method. The numerical results show that the two channels for measuring RI and temperature have no mutual interference and the arrangement reduces the complexity of the sensing measurement. The maximum spectral sensitivity of the sensor is 20 000 nm/RIU and 9.2 nm °C−1, respectively, when the liquid RI is in the range of 1.36–1.42 and the temperature is in the range of 0 °C–50 °C. The results also show the sensing accuracy was not very sensitive to the change of structural parameters, which makes the sensor very easy to fabricate. Our work is very helpful for implementation of a high sensitivity, easy fabrication and real-time multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance sensor.
Fault diagnosis of a planetary gearbox based on a local bi-spectrum and a convolutional neural network
Authors: Lingli Jiang , Shuhui Li , Xuejun Li , Jiale Lei , Dalian Yang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The transmission paths of vibration signals in the planetary gearboxes are complex. The signals have the characteristics of strong background noise, instability and non-Gaussian. Bi-spectrums can suppress Gaussian colored noise and are suitable for vibration signal processing of planetary gearboxes. In the traditional fault diagnosis methods based on bi-spectrums, the amplitudes of fault characteristic frequency, or the other further quantitative calculations values, are generally used as the basis of fault diagnosis processes. It has been found that bi-spectrum images can directly characterize the faults of the planetary gearboxes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used in mechanical fault diagnoses in recent years. One-dimensional original signals are converted into two-dimensional images as CNN input, which is an effective method for mechanical fault diagnoses. At the present time, there has not been any relevant research conducted using bi-spectral images as CNN input. In this study, a fault diagnosis method based on local bi-spectrum and CNN was proposed. A bi-spectral analysis of the vibration signals of the planetary gearbox was first carried out in order to reveal the fault information while retaining the non-Gaussian information. Then, according to the bi-spectrum symmetry, local images containing the main information were taken as the input of the CNN, which reduced the redundancy of the fault information. Then, in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the CNN, the key parameters of CNN architecture were optimized. Finally, a CNN diagnosis model was built to realize the classification diagnoses of different fault positions and different fault degrees of planetary gearboxes. This study’s comparison of the diagnosis results of the full bi-spectrum + CNN, original vibration signal + CNN, local bi-spectrum + (support vector machines), and local bi-spectrum + (stacked auto-encoder) showed that the proposed method in this study had achieved both accuracy and rapidity in the fault diagnoses of planetary gearboxes.
A single foot-mounted pedestrian navigation algorithm based on the maximum gait displacement constraint in three-dimensional space
Authors: Wang Jianyu , Liu Jinhao , Xu Xiangbo , Yu Zhibin , Li Zhe 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inertial navigation technology composed of inertial sensors is widely used in foot-mounted pedestrian positioning. However, inertial sensors are susceptible to noise, which affects the performance of the system. Zero-velocity update (ZUPT) is a traditional method utilized to suppress the cumulative error. Unfortunately, the walking distance calculated by a Kalman filter still has positional error. To improve the positional accuracy, in this work we propose a nonlinear Kalman filter with a spatial distance inequality constraint for a single foot. Since the stride distance between adjacent stance phases has an upper bound in plane and height, an inertial navigation system established by one inertial measurement unit is adopted to constrain the stride process. Eventually, the performance of the proposed method is verified by experiments. Compared with the single foot-mounted ZUPT method, the proposed method suppresses the plane error and the height error by 46.04% and 65.48%, respectively. For the dual-foot constraint method, the proposed constraint method can reduce the number of sensors while ensuring positioning accuracy. Moreover, the height error is reduced by 59.98% on average by optimizing the constraint algorithm. The experimental results show that the trajectory estimated by the proposed method is closer to the actual path.
ZnO nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin containing molecularly imprinted polymers for gravimetric sensing of very-low-density lipoprotein
Authors: Nasrullah Amara , Roshan Sumaira , Latif Usman , Mujahid Adnan , Mustafa Ghulam , Bajwa Sadia Z , Afzal Adeel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The elevated level of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the blood is associated with coronary heart disease; therefore, its detection is of significant clinical importance. In this work, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layers fabricated with ZnO nanoparticles are developed for gravimetric sensing of VLDL. The use of methacrylic acid and β-cyclodextrin as functional co-monomers in an optimized ratio of 1:1 for MIP synthesis controls the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity; thus, yielding highly tailored recognition sites having adequate stability. The as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared, and x-ray diffraction before incorporating into the MIP matrix. The template concentration in MIP is also varied to select its optimal amount, i.e. 50 µl of 50 µg ml−1 VLDL solution for enhanced sensor performance. Sensor measurements reveal that the ZnO-MIP has a sensitivity of 19.285 Hz ng−1 ml−1 for VLDL, which is about 16-fold higher than the reference ZnO-non-imprinted polymer channel. Furthermore, the ZnO-MIP sensor exhibits high selectivity for VLDL as the sensor response is 6 and 3 times higher compared to α1-acid glycoprotein and human serum albumin, respectively. Finally, the performance of the developed sensor setup is evaluated for the detection of VLDL in human serum samples indicating its potential for reliable analysis of VLDL in complex biofluids.
Scanning probe analysis of twisted graphene grown on a graphene/silicon carbide template
Authors: Yao Yao , Negishi Ryota , Takajo Daisuke , Takamura Makoto , Taniyasu Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Overlayer growth of graphene on an epitaxial graphene/silicon carbide (SiC) as a solid template by ethanol chemical vapor deposition is performed over a wide growth temperature range from 900 °C to 1450 °C. Structural analysis using atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopies reveal that graphene islands grown at 1300 °C form hexagonal twisted bilayer graphene as a single crystal. When the growth temperature exceeds 1400 °C, the grown graphene islands show a circular shape. Moreover, moiré patterns with different periods are observed in a single graphene island. This means that the graphene islands grown at high temperature are composed of several graphene domains with different twist angles. From these results, we conclude that graphene overlayer growth on the epitaxial graphene/SiC solid at 1300 °C effectively synthesizes the twisted few-layer graphene with a high crystallinity.
A low-cost spectrometer to analyse the purity of honey
Authors: Bestari L F , Sarwanto  , Pujayanto  , Syam W P , Harjunowibowo D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Light spectrum dispersion is an exciting subjectin science because of its beautiful atmospheric colour phenomenon which attracts students. However, to see the phenomenon is not easy since it needs a spectrometer, which is commonly expensive. Therefore, the present study aims to describe a low-cost spectrometer for investigating lighting spectrum and analysing the purity of honey as a pedagogical students’ project. The spectrometer was constructed from a webcam connected to a laptop, a free spectrometer software, DVD disk, and black cardboard. The calibration of the developed spectrometer used an Argon (Ar) lamp. Afterwards, measurement tests were carried out by using Neon (Ne) and Xenon (Xe) lamps. A white light-emitting diode was used as a light source to measure several types of honey wavelengths. The results from the experiment show that the wavelength of Ar, Ne, and Xe are (503 ± 4) nm, (463 ± 3) nm, and (451 ± 3) nm respectively. The measurement accuracy of the spectrometer is 99.5%. In addition, the commercial honey characterisations show that pure honey tends to have an excellent and smooth spectrum with one peak. On the contrary, the adulteries honeys show a rough wave with many peaks representing the inhomogeneous ingredients. It is found that the average accuracy for honey spectrum is 99.8%. Moreover, the low-cost spectrometer can be built and used easily by students for educational purposes.