bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure evolution of three-roll skew-rolling formed hollow axles with uniform wall thickness.
Authors: Shu Chang , Zhang Song , Bidare Prveen , Essa Khamis , Abdel-Wahab Adel , Shu Xuedao , Pater Zbigniew , Bartnicki Jaroslaw 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The uniform thickness hollow axle is one of the lightest weight axles in the high-speed rail industry. It can effectively reduce unsprung mass and further improve the train speed. Therefore, due to its importance and significance, it is crucial to research and develop the uniform thickness hollow axle. To understand the microstructural evolution during three-roll skew-rolling (TRSR) forming, 30CrMoA alloy steel was used in this study. A constitutive model of 30CrMoA was established by SIMUFACT FORMING finite element software and utilized to simulate the deformation, heat transfer, and microstructure coupling during TRSR. Via analyzing the influence of process parameters on the average grain size, the microstructural evolution of the forming part at each deformation stage is revealed. The result shows that the dynamic recrystallization of the rolled piece produces a fine and uniform grain structure during the forming process. The refinement level is enhanced with the increase of the radial compression; the grain size is gradually increased from the outer surface to the inner surface of the rolled piece. At a higher rolling temperature, it was found the initial grain size and final average grain size were larger compared to the lower temperature. By increasing the axial traction speed, not only can the rolling time be shortened, but also the appearance of coarse grains can be avoided. Therefore, the mechanical properties can be improved.
Behçet’s disease in Wales: an epidemiological description of national surveillance data
Authors: Ashman Annie , Tucker David , Williams Ceri , Davies Llion 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives:Behçet’s disease is a rare, chronic, incurable, multisystemic disease. It causes significant morbidity, with patients experiencing symptoms including mucous membrane ulcers, and joint pain and swelling. The aetiology is unknown.The aims were to identify population prevalence of Behçet’s disease in Wales, and provide an epidemiological profile of a case series of adult patients. This is the first analysis of data from the Adult Rare Diseases Surveillance Registry for Wales, established in 2020 as part of the COVID-19 pandemic response.Results:Between 1995 and 2020, 347 adults and 5 children were recorded in Wales with a diagnosis of Behçet’s disease. Population prevalence was calculated as 11.1 per 100,000 population. Of the adult cases, 76.9% were female, and 6.6% died before the end of the study period.When comparing genders, there were no statistically significant differences in age at diagnosis, mortality or socioeconomic status. There was no evidence that the age at which cases were diagnosed had changed over time.Survival analyses showed no significant differences in durations of survival between genders or individuals residing in different WIMD 2019 quintiles. Age at diagnosis was the only factor significantly and independently associated with poorer durations of survival (p <0.001).
Mechanism of Cornin in Preventing Astrocyte Autophagy Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Lan Tianchi , Xu Yangyang , Li Shucui , Li Ning , Zhang Shuping , Zhu Haibo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cornin is an iridoid glycoside isolated from the fruit of Verbena officinalis L, which has antioxidant activities and anti-ischemic effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of astrocytes autophagy induced by cerebral ischemia is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cornin against astrocytes autophagy induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury in vitro and in vivo and its potential mechanism. Methods: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in U87 cells as a cerebral ischemia injury model in vivo and in vitro. Autophagy related protein, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, mTOR siRNA were used to evaluated the potential mechanism of cornin in autophagy.Results: The results demonstrated that cornin significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume and blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and improved neurological recovery in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax levels were significantly decreased, while Bcl-2 and the apoptosis regulator ratio (Bcl-2/Bax) were markedly increased when treated with 2.5-10 mg/kg cornin. The obvious decreased expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3-II and increased of p62, phosphorylated protein kinase mTOR (p-mTOR), and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were observed in MCAO rats treated with 2.5-10 mg/kg cornin, which was reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In addition, cornin significantly increased NeuN and decreased GFAP, LC3-II, and Beclin-1 expression. The expression of autophagy-related proteins presented the same results as in vivo in oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) in U87 cells. However, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and mTOR siRNA reversed this result. Conclusions: These results indicate that cornin improved neurological recovery after cerebral ischemia injury by preventing astrocytes autophagy induced by CI/R via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Multiple Sclerosis Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis in 3D FLAIR MRI using Deep Learning Network
Authors: DACHRAOUI Chaima , MOUELHI Aymen , MOSBEH Amine , SLITI Wassim , DRISSI Cyrine , SOLAIMAN Basel , LABIDI Salam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. It is characterized by the appearance of inflamed lesions. The diagnosis, as well as the prognosis of these lesions, are considered as tedious tasks and time consuming. The objective of this paper is to propose an automated method allowing to assist and detect MS lesions in 3D MRI acquisition. A deep learning network based on the Detectron-2 model has been used. The proposed model involves three main steps: preprocessing, feature extraction and MS detection. A database of 4500 images was acquired from the National Institute of Neurology Mongi Ben Hmida of Tunisia and was preprocessed in order to train the model. In the prognosis stage, chaotic features extracted from the segmented lesions are used in order to define pertinent clinical characteristics that will help neurologists to predict lesions progression in the majority of complicated cases. In the diagnosis stage, the proposed deep model achieves an average detection accuracy of 98% by evaluating the result on healthy and pathological images. Automatic segmentation results show that our proposed method has the ability to segment MS lesions with an average accuracy of 96.4%.
Comparison of MSCs With/Without Silymarin Against Liver Fibrosis in Cell Line HepG2 With Study on NFKβ, Caspase3, Apoptosis, Necrosis, Proliferation,and Collagen
Authors: Kusnanto Paulus , Purwanto Bambang , Wasita Brian , Widyaningsih Vitri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is characterized by irreversible damage to liver parenchyma. The mechanism of fibrosis is through activation of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-kβ), collagen, activation of necrosis, caspase-3, apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. The HepG2 cell line is a human liver cancer cell, which is developed and has a human hormonal response. Hepatocyte stem cells have anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating properties, inhibit apoptosis and necrosis, as well as increase proliferation. Methods: This study is an in vitro pre and posttest experimental study. Hepatocyte stem cells were taken from the umbilical cord of newborns. Cell lines are made into 4 groups. Examination was carried out on NF-kβ, Caspase-3, Apoptosis, Necrosis, Proliferation, and cytopathologically.Results: Cytopathological test of cell line hepG2 showed fibroblast growth. Mesenchymal stem cells decreased NF-kβ activity. Mesenchymal stem cells did not decrease Caspase3 activity. Mesenchymal Stem Cells significantly decreased Apoptotic activity. Mesenchymal Stem Cells decreased Necrosis activity, while sylimarin was not significant. Mesenchymal Stem Cells increased the Proliferation significantly (p<0.001), while sylimarin was not significant.Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells significantly inhibited NF-kβ, necrosis, apoptosis, and proliferation activation, whereas caspase-3 inhibition was not significant.
Scientific Publications in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Journals from Chinese Authors in Various Parts of North Asia: a 20-Year Survey of the Literature
Authors: Yang Huai-Yu , Dong Zhi-Qi , Cai Yi-Li , Han Chao , Li Zhao-Shen , Hu Liang-Hao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
China has a huge number of patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases. To figure out research levels in gastroenterology and hepatology of three major regions of China - Mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan the outputs of articles published in international digestive journals from the three regions were compared in this study. Articles published in 80 journals related to digestive originated from Mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan from 1999 to 2018 were retrieved from “PubMed” database. The numbers of total articles, clinical trials, RCTs, case reports, articles published in top general medicine journals, impact factors and citation reports were compared for quantity and quality evaluation. The number of articles per capita was also compared. There were 27,612 articles from Mainland (20,501), Hong Kong (2,329) and Taiwan (4,782). Mainland published the most articles (2,416) in 10 highest impacted journals and the most articles (593) of “RCT”, but had the least average impact factor (4.380) and average citation (10.314). Hong Kong had the most number (302.139 per 10 million people) of articles per capita and the most articles (35) published in top general medicine journals among the three regions. Mainland has exceeded Hong Kong and Taiwan in the number of articles published in digestive journals, but there was a huge gap in quality of articles compared with other two regions. More high-quality research outputs from Mainland should be encouraged to be published in international digestive journals.
Implementing the WHO Labour Care Guide to reduce the use of Caesarean section in four hospitals in India: protocol and statistical analysis plan for a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized pilot trial
Authors: Vogel Joshua P. , Pingray Veronica , Althabe Fernando , Gibbons Luz , Berrueta Mabel , Pujar Yeshita , Somannavar Manjunath , Vernekar Sunil S , Ciganda Alvaro , Rodriguez Rocio , Welling Saraswati A , Revankar Amit , Bendigeri Savitri , Kumar Jayashree Ashok , Patil Shruti Bhavi , Karinagannanavar Aravind , Anteen Raveendra R , R. Pavithra M. , Shetty Shukla , B Latha , M. Megha H. , Gaddi Suman S. , Chikkagowdra Shaila , Raghavendra Bellara , Armari Elizabeth , Scott Nick , Eddy Katherine , Homer Caroline SE , Goudar Shivaprasad S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization (WHO) Labour Care Guide (LCG) is a paper-based labour monitoring tool designed to facilitate the implementation of WHO’s latest guidelines for effective, respectful care during labour and childbirth. Implementing the LCG into routine intrapartum care requires a strategy that improves healthcare provider practices during labour and childbirth. Such a strategy might optimize the use of Caesarean section (CS), along with potential benefits on the use of other obstetric interventions, maternal and perinatal health outcomes, and women’s experience of care. However, the effects of a strategy to implement the LCG have not been evaluated in a randomised trial. This study aims to: 1) develop and optimise a strategy for implementing the LCG (formative phase); and 2) To evaluate the implementation of the LCG strategy compared with usual care (trial phase).
METHODS
In the formative phase, we will co-design the LCG strategy with key stakeholders informed by facility assessments and provider surveys, which will be field tested in one hospital. The LCG strategy includes a LCG training program, ongoing supportive supervision from senior clinical staff, and audit and feedback using the Robson Classification. We will then conduct a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized pilot trial in four public hospitals in India, to evaluate the effect of the LCG strategy intervention compared to usual care (simplified WHO partograph). The primary outcome is the CS rate in nulliparous women with singleton, term, cephalic pregnancies in spontaneous labour (Robson Group 1). Secondary outcomes include clinical and process of care outcomes, as well as women’s experience of care outcomes. We will also conduct a process evaluation during the trial, using standardized facility assessments, in-depth interviews and surveys with providers, audits of completed LCGs, labour ward observations and document reviews. An economic evaluation will consider implementation costs and cost-effectiveness.
DISCUSSION
Findings of this trial will guide clinicians, administrators and policymakers on how to effectively implement the LCG, and what (if any) effects the LCG strategy has on process of care, health and experience outcomes. The trial findings will inform the rollout of LCG internationally.
TRIAL REGISTRATION:
CTRI/2021/01/030695 (Protocol version 1.4, 25 April 2022)
Investigation and Characterization of the Current Status, Development Trends and Future Prospects on Chondrosarcoma: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Shi Jingtian , Li Chen , Zhao Zhiqing , Jiang Kewei , Yang Rongli , Guo Wei , Tang Xiaodong , Yan Taiqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background The Chondrosarcoma (CS) is the second most frequent common malignant bone tumor, with variety in terms of histopathology, clinical behavior and prognostic outcome. Although the exploration of this topics is extensive, the management for advanced CS is still exceptional challenging. A comprehensive understanding of the profile of the research status and determination of novel directions is of urgent need. Methods The Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) dataset was queried to collect all relevant publications related to CS on March 1, 2022. Bibliometric analyses of the acquired data were conducted with CiteSpace and VOSviewer software on these publications, to evaluate the collaborations among different countries, institutions and authors, as well as to explore the current hotspots and future directions in this field.Results Ultimately, we identified and analyzed a total of 4181 records in English. There was a noticeable increasing annual trend in publications since 1970s. The United States contributed to almost half of the records included, with a leading position in this field. The universities and institutes from United States, European and Asian countries such as Leiden University, Harvard University, China Medical University, Mayo Clinic and Memory Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were the biggest nodes in every cluster of the collaboration network. Active collaborations among the countries were observed. As for the productive authors, Tang, Chih-Hsin featured the highest number of publications among all authors (91 documents), while Hascall, Vc had the highest average citations (79.35 times). Keywords co-occurrence analysis divided the CS studies into 9 clusters: human CS cell, skull base, p53 expression, long bone, cartilage matrix, chondroid chordoma, endoplasmic tissue stress, pelvic sarcoma and connective tissue growth factor. Together with the citation burst of references, the cluster analysis of keywords co-occurrence suggested that the basic studies on human CS cells to investigate the mutant genes, related signaling pathways and novel alternative modalities to treat refractory CS is an upsurge of research with great significance. Conclusions The present bibliometric study summarizes the clinical research of CS on study type, most prolific countries, institutions, authors, keywords co-occurrence and references with citation burst. These findings may assist the new scholars to better understand the current status and research trends to guide future practice and directions.
Design of Branched Ti Nanorods for High SERS Sensitivity
Authors: Yussuf Nosirudeen Abayomi M , Li Jianlin , Jung Yung Joon , Huang Hanchen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a rational design of branched titanium (Ti) nanorods formed by glancing angle physical vapor deposition and their applications as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Ti nanorods with branches have larger surface areas than non-branched nanorods. However, Ti oxidizes easily and is also not SERS sensitive. The oxidation is minimized by annealing Ti nanorods in nitrogen. Further, the plasmonic resonance of the branched titanium nanorod is improved by coating the top of the nanorods and branches with silver (Ag). The sensitivity of the SERS substrates is about 3700% that of as-deposited branched Ti nanorods with a native oxide layer. Our investigation provides a mechanism to fabricate sensitive SERS sensors of Ti nanorods that are known to be thermally and chemically stable and compatible with silicon-based electronics.
Validating the Japanese Version of the Career Competencies Questionnaire for Nurses
Authors: Yamada Masako , Asakura Kyoko , Takada Nozomu , Hara Yukari , Sugiyama Shoko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Career competencies, which are the knowledge, skills, and abilities essential for career development, have been shown to aid successful careers for fulfilling both work and life goals. In dynamically changing healthcare settings, nurses’ career competencies are key for navigating their own career successfully and improving their nursing practice abilities. However, limited studies have examined career competencies in the nursing profession. In particular, no research has been conducted on career competencies for Japanese nurses, which remains a major challenge as voluntary effort is the main factor that promotes career and professional development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the Japanese version of the Career Competencies Questionnaire (CCQ-J).Methods: The English version of the CCQ was translated into Japanese using back and forward translation. In the first survey, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were conducted with 276 nurses from a hospital located in a prefecture in Japan. In the second survey, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted and concurrent validity and reliability were evaluated with 522 nurses from hospitals in the Tohoku region. Furthermore, we evaluated the concurrent validity and reliability of the CCQ-J.Results: The EFA showed that the CCQ-J consisted of a three-factor structure that explained 66.69% of the variance. As a result of the CFA, all the fitting indexes were acceptable [chi-square value (CMIN)=432.26, degree of freedom (df)=153, chi-square fit statistics/degree of freedom (CMIN/df)=2.83, goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=0.93, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI)=0.89, comparative fix index (CFI)=0.96, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.06]. Cronbach’s α for the CCQ-J 21-items and the subscales ranged from 0.85 to 0.95. Concurrent validity was demonstrated via the positive correlation between work engagement, life satisfaction, and CCQ-J.Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the CCQ-J were validated for Japanese nurses. We hope that the findings presented in this study will contribute to a better understanding of nurses’ career competencies and their successful career and professional development in the future.
Bianchi type-I Barrow holographic dark energy model in symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Koussour M. , Shekh S. H. , Bennai M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, we have discussed a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I space-time in the presence of Barrow holographic dark energy (infrared cutoff is the Hubble’s horizon) proposed by Barrow recently (Physics Letters B 808 (2020): 135643) and matter in the framework of f (Q) gravity where the non-metricity Q is responsible for the gravitational interaction for the specific choice of f (Q) = λQ 2 (where λ < 0 is a constant). In order to find the exact solutions to the field equations we consider the deceleration parameter q is a function of the Hubble’s parameter H i.e. q = b − n H (where b and n are constants). We have studied the physical behavior of important cosmological parameters, such as the EoS parameter, BHDE and matter density, skewness parameter, squared sound speed, and ωB − ω ′ B plane. We also constrain the values of the model parameters b and n using 57 Hubble’s parameter measurements.
Low mitochondrial DNA copy number induces chemotherapy resistance via epithelial-mesenchymal transition by DNA methylation in esophageal squamous cancer cells
Authors: Kubo Yuto , Tanaka Koji , Masuike Yasunori , Yamashita Kotaro , Makino Tomoki , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most severe cancers and is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In a previous study, a low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was associated with poorer prognosis and induced EMT in ESCC. However, the detailed mechanism related to mtDNA copy number and EMT is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which a change in mtDNA copy number contributes to EMT and to examine treatment of chemotherapy resistance in ESCC.Methods: The association between low mtDNA copy number and chemotherapy resistance was investigated using specimens from 88 patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Then, the mtDNA content of human ESCC cell lines, TE8 and TE11, was depleted by knockdown of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression. The present study focused on modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA methylation as the mechanisms by which mtDNA copy number affects EMT. mRNA and protein expression, chemotherapy sensitivity, proliferation, MMP and DNA methylation were evaluated, and in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to clarify these mechanisms.Results: ESCC patients with decreased mtDNA copy number who underwent R0 resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had significantly worse pathological response and recurrence-free survival. Additionally, low mtDNA copy number was associated with resistance to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. mtDNA controlled MMP, and MMP depolarization induced EMT. Depletion of mtDNA and low MMP induced DNA methylation via a DNA methylation transcription factor (DNMT), and a DNMT inhibitor suppressed EMT and improved chemotherapy sensitivity in mtDNA-depleted ESCC cells, as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays.Conclusion: This study showed that decreased mtDNA copy number induced EMT via modulation of MMP and DNA methylation in ESCC. Therapeutic strategies increasing mtDNA copy number and DNMT inhibitors may be effective in preventing EMT and chemosensitivity resistance.