bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoids are induced while dihydrotestosterone levels are suppressed in 5‐alpha reductase inhibitor treated human benign prostate hyperplasia patients
Authors: Jin Renjie , Forbes Connor , Miller Nicole L. , Strand Douglas , Case Thomas , Cates Justin M. , Kim Hye‐Young H. , Wages Phillip , Porter Ned A. , Mantione Krystin M. , Burke Sarah , Mohler James L. , Matusik Robert J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and medication‐refractory lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) remain poorly understood. This study attempted to characterize the pathways associated with failure of medical therapy for BPH/LUTS.MethodsTransitional zone tissue levels of cholesterol and steroids were measured in patients who failed medical therapy for BPH/LUTS and controls. Prostatic gene expression was measured using qPCR and BPH cells were used in organoid culture to study prostatic branching.ResultsBPH patients on 5‐α‐reductase inhibitor (5ARI) showed low levels of tissue dihydrotestosterone (DHT), increased levels of steroid 5‐α‐reductase type II (SRD5A2), and diminished levels of androgen receptor (AR) target genes, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). 5ARI raised prostatic tissue levels of glucocorticoids (GC), whereas alpha‐adrenergic receptor antagonists (α‐blockers) did not. Nuclear localization of GR in prostatic epithelium and stroma appeared in all patient samples. Treatment of four BPH organoid cell lines with dexamethasone, a synthetic GC, resulted in budding and branching.ConclusionsAfter failure of medical therapy for BPH/LUTS, 5ARI therapy continued to inhibit androgenesis but a 5ARI‐induced pathway increased tissue levels of GC not seen in patients on α‐blockers. GC stimulation of organoids indicated that the GC receptors are a trigger for controlling growth of prostate glands. A 5ARI‐induced pathway revealed GC activation can serve as a master regulator of prostatic branching and growth.
Corylin from Psoralea fructus (Psoralea corylifolia L.) protects against UV‐induced skin aging by activating Nrf2 defense mechanisms
Authors: Li Nan , Liu Tao , Zhu Shan , Yang Yi , Wang Zijing , Zhao Zhiyue , Liu Tao , Wang Xiang , Qin Wenxiao , Yan Yiqi , Liu Yang , Xia Qingmei , Zhang Han 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOxidative stress damage can lead to premature skin aging or age‐related skin disorders. Therefore, strategies to improve oxidative stress‐induced aging are needed to protect the skin and to treat skin diseases. This study aimed to determine whether the flavonoid corylin derived from Psoralea corylifolia can prevent UV‐induced skin aging and if so, to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. We found that corylin potently blocked UV‐induced skin photoaging in mice by reducing oxidative stress and increasing the nuclear expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid factor 2‐related factor 2 Nrf2. We also found that corylin stimulated Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus and increased the delivery of its target antioxidant genes together with Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) to dissociate Nrf2. These findings indicate that corylin could prevent skin aging by inhibiting oxidative stress via Keap1‐Nrf2 in mouse cells. Thus, Nrf2 activation might be a therapeutic target for preventing skin aging or skin diseases caused by aging. Our findings also provided evidence that warrants the further investigation of plant ingredients to facilitate the discovery of novel therapies targeting skin aging.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Antiproliferative Activity Studies of a Thiazole‐Based Compound Linked to Hydrazone Moiety
Authors: Kekeçmuhammed Hüseyin , Tapera Michael , Tüzün Burak , Akkoç Senem , Zorlu Yunus , Sarıpınar Emin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract(A new 4‐oxothiazolidin‐2‐ylidene derivative bearing hydrazone moiety was synthesized via Michael addition between the reaction of 4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐thiosemicarbazide and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). The structure of synthesized compound was elucidated using various spectral techniques such as FTIR, UV‐spec, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The structure of the related compound was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compound was evaluated in two human cancer cell lines, HepG2 (liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) and DLD‐1 (human colon cancer cell line). In addition, molecular docking of synthesized compound was investigated to give an insight of its activity against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase domain proteins (EGFR) (lung cancer) (PDB ID: 1 M17), deleted in Liver Cancer 2 proteins (DLC2) (liver cancer) (PDB ID: 2H80), and MLK4 kinase proteins (colon cancer) (PDB ID: 4UYA) were investigated. Furthermore, the ability of the molecule to be a drug was examined by ADME/T analysis.)
Irritable bowel syndrome: Factors of importance for disease‐specific quality of life
Authors: Melchior Chloé , Colomier Esther , Trindade Inês A. , Khadija Mahrukh , Hreinsson Jóhann P. , Törnblom Hans , Simrén Magnus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome patients report reduced disease‐specific quality of life (IBSQOL). Factors of potential relevance for QOL include gastrointestinal (GI), psychological, and somatic symptoms, demographics, and GI motor and sensory abnormalities.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to evaluate the relative importance of these factors on the different IBSQOL dimensions.MethodsWe included irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients who completed validated questionnaires to assess QOL, stool form and frequency, GI symptom severity, psychological distress, GI‐specific anxiety, sense of coherence, and overall somatic symptom severity. Patients also underwent tests for oroanal transit time and rectal sensitivity. The nine dimensions of IBSQOL and their average (overall IBSQOL) were used as outcome variables, and factors associated with these were assessed using general linear models.ResultsWe included 314 IBS patients (74% female, mean age 36.3 ± 12.2 years). Higher stool frequency, GI and overall somatic symptom severity, psychological distress, and GI‐specific anxiety were independently associated with reduced overall IBSQOL, with the model explaining 60% of the variance (p < 0.001). In models using each of the nine dimensions as outcomes, different association of demographic factors, GI symptoms, overall somatic symptom severity, psychological factors and sense of coherence were associated with reduced IBSQOL, explaining 20%–60% of the variance, with GI‐specific anxiety being the factor that contributed most frequently. Rectal sensitivity or oroanal transit time were not independently associated with any of the dimensions.ConclusionDifferent combinations of demographic factors, GI and somatic symptoms, and psychological factors are of importance for the nine IBSQOL dimensions. Gastrointestinal‐specific anxiety was the most important factor contributing to the majority of those dimensions in patients with IBS.
Why use games for leadership learning?
Authors: Banter John N. , Egan John D. , Burton Susan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhy should leadership educators trouble themselves in creating or implementing games for leadership learning? This chapter justifies the use of games as a teaching strategy in leadership education by exploring three rationales. First, games can be meaningfully tied to specific learning theories. Second, games provide motivation for learning, and finally, empirical evidence supports the use of games for leadership learning.
Using games in the college curricular setting to engage leadership learners
Authors: Odom Summer F. , Cantrell Megan S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActive learning experiences, such as games, have been found to increase the holistic learning experience for students in college curricular settings. However, barriers exist to using games as a leadership pedagogy in the curriculum. This article reviews the benefits and challenges of using games in college leadership curricular settings and provides an overview of select leadership games including instructions, leadership competencies addressed, and processing questions for each game.
Rare‐earth Metal Substitution in Calcium Germanides with the Tetragonal Cr5B3Type Structure
Authors: Suen Nian‐Tzu , Bobev Svilen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCalcium germanides with two mid‐late rare‐earth metals, Ca5−xGdxGe3and Ca5−xTbxGe3(x≈0.1−0.2), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Additionally, a lanthanum‐rich germanide with calcium substitutions, La5−xCaxGe3(x≈0.5) has also been identified. The three structures have been established from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods and confirmed to crystallize with the Cr5B3‐type in the tetragonal space groupI4/mcm(no. 140;Z=4; Pearson symboltI32), where part of the germanium atoms are interconnected into Ge2‐dimers, formally [Ge2]6−. Rare‐earth metal and calcium atoms are arranged in distorted trigonal prisms, square‐antiprisms and cubes, centered by Ge or rare‐earth/calcium metal atoms. These studies show that the amount of trivalent rare‐earth metal atoms substituting divalent calcium atoms is in direct correlation with the lengths of the Ge−Ge bond within the Ge2‐dimers, with distance varying between 2.58 Å in Ca5−xGdxGe3and 2.75 Å in La5−xCaxGe3. Such an elongation of the Ge−Ge bond is consistent with the notion that the parent Ca5Ge3Zintl phase (e. g. (Ca2+)5[Ge2]6−[Ge4−]) is being driven out of the ideal valence electron count and further reduced. In this context, this work demonstrates the ability of the germanides with the Cr5B3structure type to accommodate substitutions and wider valence electron count while maintaining their global structural integrity.
Thomson effect and two‐temperature theory on a micropolar thermoelastic medium with voids under Green–Naghdi theory
Authors: Bayounes Fatma S. , Abd‐Elaziz Elsayed M. , Othman Mohamed I. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the effect of two‐temperature and the Thomson effect in a micropolar thermoelastic medium with the void problem in the context of Green–Naghdi (G–N) theory. The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the analytical expressions of the considered variables. The non‐dimensional displacement, temperature, micro‐rotation, the change in the volume fraction field, and stress of the material are obtained and illustrated graphically. The variations of these quantities have been depicted graphically in the G–N theories of type‐II and III. From numerical calculations, the effects of the Thomson parameter and two‐temperature parameter on a homogeneous, isotropic, micropolar thermoelastic material with voids are revealed and discussed. Some particular cases of interest are deduced from the present investigation.
Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory toward the magnetohydrodynamic micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow past a stretching/shrinking sheet with non‐uniform heat source/sink and thermal radiation
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alrihieli Haifaa F. , Saeed Anwar , Dawar Abdullah , Kumam Poom 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this investigation, a 2D flow of micropolar hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is considered over stretching/shrinking sheet. The magnetic effect is employed in a perpendicular direction to the surface of sheet. To improve the thermal conductivity of the fluid flow, the nanoparticles (NPs) of iron oxide and graphene oxide are mixed with water to obtain the HNF and water is used as a base fluid. The proposed equations of the modeled problem are converted to dimensionless form by implementing the similar variables. The analytical solution of the modeled equations is evaluated by mean of homotopy analysis method. The impacts of the embedded constraints on the HNF flow profiles are discoursed theoretically by incorporating a graphical view. Special cases (stretching, shrinking) are considered for the HNF in order to examine the impacts of the embedded parameters on the HNF flow profiles. The results showed that the expanding values of the stretching parameter, the HNF flow particles are pushed in a forward direction due to which fluid moves swiftly for both shrinking/stretching cases. The velocity profiles are increased with the increasing material parameter for the stretching case, while a reducing impact is found for the shrinking case. Also, the increasing material parameter enhances the microrotation profiles the HNF flow. Furthermore, the material parameter shows the same behavior for both stretching and shrinking cases. The increasing volume fraction of the solid NPs reduces the velocity profiles for stretching case, while augments for shrinking case. On the other hand, it is observed that the increasing volume fractions of the NPs increase the microrotation and temperature profiles for both stretching and shrinking cases.
The symmetry of the left and right tibial plateau: a comparison of 200 tibial plateaus
Authors: van der Gaast Nynke , Dunning Hans , Huitema Jellina M. , Waters Andrew , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Doornberg Job N. , Edwards Michael J. R. , van de Groes Sebastiaan A. W. , Hermans Erik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the symmetry of the left and right tibial plateau in young healthy individuals to determine whether left–right mirroring can be reliably used to optimize preoperative 3D virtual planning for patients with tibial plateau fractures.

Methods
One hundred healthy subjects, without previous knee surgery, severe knee trauma, or signs of osteoarthritis were included for a previous dynamic imaging study of the knee. The subjects underwent a CT scan, scanning the left and right knee with a slice thickness of 0.8 mm. 3D surface models of the femur, patella, and tibia were created using a convolutional neural network. The 3D models of the left and right tibias were exported to MATLAB © and the tibias were mirrored. The mirrored tibias were superimposed on the contralateral tibia using a coherent point drift surface matching algorithm. Correspondence points on both surfaces were established, the mean root squared distance was calculated and visualized in a boxplot and heatmaps.

Results
The overall mean difference between correspondence points on the left and right tibial plateau is 0.6276 ± 0.0343 mm. The greatest differences between correspondence points were seen around two specific surfaces on the outside of the tibial plateau; where the distal tibia was cut 15 mm below the tibial plateau and around the tibiofibular joint.

Conclusions
The differences between the left and right tibial plateau are small and therefore, we can be confident that the mirrored contralateral, unfractured, tibial plateau can be used as a template for 3D virtual preoperative planning for young patients without previous damage to the knee.
Bedarfsanalyse zur Curriculumsentwicklung für die anästhesiologische Kreißsaalversorgung – eine deutschlandweite Umfrage
Authors: Flentje Markus , Eismann Hendrik , Schwill Simon , Forstner Daniel , Kranke Peter 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie anästhesiologische Tätigkeit in der Kreißsaalumgebung impliziert die Besonderheiten der 200 %-Letalität, die beschreibt, dass Notfallsituationen Mutter und Kind betreffen können. Ein Umstand, der die Notwendigkeit einer besonderen Sorgfalt in der Mitarbeiterausbildung und -auswahl eindrücklich unterstreicht. Gleichwohl existiert derzeit keine detaillierte Beschreibung der notwendigen Kompetenzen in dieser Arbeitsumgebung. Die vorliegende Studie soll die Ausbildungssituation in der anästhesiologischen Weiterbildung beschreiben und im Hinblick auf die Notwendigkeit eines Curriculums analysieren.MethodikIn einer multizentrischen Beobachtungsstudie wurden Ärzt:innen in Weiterbildung (AiW) und ausbildende Fachärzt:innen (FÄ) nach Methoden der Einarbeitung, Feedbackgabe, übernommenen Tätigkeiten und Bedarf eines Curriculums befragt. Teilnehmende wurden über die Mitgliedsdatenbank der DGAI angeschrieben und konnten onlinebasiert den 11 Items umfassenden Fragebogen beantworten.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 495 Fragebogen (FÄ 329;166 AiW) abgeschlossen. Fachärzt:innen und AiW machen unterschiedliche Angaben zur Durchführung von Abschlussgesprächen (59,6 % vs. 10 %) und der Unterstützung durch ein Curriculum (76,3 % vs. 15,7 %). Unabhängig vom Weiterbildungsjahr werden von AiW Kaiserschnitte unter Supervisionsstufe „Rufweite“ durchgeführt. Die Periduralanästhesie (PDA) ist während der Einarbeitung die am seltensten durchgeführte Maßnahme. Beide Gruppen schätzen den Nutzen bzw. den Wert einer Beschreibung von Lernzielen und der Verfügbarkeit eines Curriculums als hoch ein.SchlussfolgerungDie Unterstützung der Einarbeitung wird von FÄ und AiW teilweise unterschiedlich beantwortet. Einzelne seltene durchgeführte Maßnahmen, wie die PDA, bedürfen künftig einer gesonderten Aufmerksamkeit. Die Beschreibung von Lernzielen und die Curriculumsentwicklung werden ausdrücklich gewünscht.
XIGA: An eXtended IsoGeometric analysis approach for multi-material problems
Authors: Noël L. , Schmidt M. , Doble K. , Evans J. A. , Maute K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMulti-material problems often exhibit complex geometries along with physical responses presenting large spatial gradients or discontinuities.
In these cases, providing high-quality body-fitted finite element analysis meshes and obtaining accurate solutions remain challenging. Immersed boundary techniques provide elegant solutions for such problems. Enrichment methods alleviate the need for generating conforming analysis grids by capturing discontinuities within mesh elements. Additionally, increased accuracy of physical responses and geometry description can be achieved with higher-order approximation bases. In particular, using B-splines has become popular with the development of IsoGeometric Analysis. In this work, an eXtended IsoGeometric Analysis (XIGA) approach is proposed for multi-material problems. The computational domain geometry is described implicitly by level set functions. A novel generalized Heaviside enrichment strategy is employed to accommodate an arbitrary number of materials without artificially stiffening the physical response. Higher-order B-spline functions are used for both geometry representation and analysis. Boundary and interface conditions are enforced weakly via Nitsche’s method, and a new face-oriented ghost stabilization methodology is used to mitigate numerical instabilities arising from small material integration subdomains. Two- and three-dimensional heat transfer and elasticity problems are solved to validate the approach. Numerical studies provide insight into the ability to handle multiple materials considering sharp-edged and curved interfaces, as well as the impact of higher-order bases and stabilization on the solution accuracy and conditioning.
Gait, falls, cognitive function, and health-related quality of life after shunt-treated idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus—a single-center study
Authors: Hallqvist Caroline , Grönstedt Helena , Arvidsson Lisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological disorder, characterized by gait- and balance disturbance, cognitive deterioration, and urinary incontinence, combined with ventricular enlargement. Gait ability, falls, cognitive status, and health-related quality of life pre and post surgery have not previously been studied at Karolinska University Hospital.

Methods
One hundred and eighteen patients with iNPH that underwent shunt surgery at Karolinska University Hospital during the years from 2016 to 2018 were included. Results of walking tests, test for cognitive function, and self-estimated health-related quality of life, before and 3 months after surgery, were collected retrospectively as a single-center study.

Results
Walking ability, cognitive function, and health-related quality of life significantly increased 3 months after shunt surgery. A positive significant correlation was seen between a higher self-estimated quality of life and walking ability.

Conclusions
Patients with suspected iNPH treated with shunt surgery at Karolinska University Hospital improved their walking ability and cognitive functioning 3 months after shunt surgery. A positive significant correlation was seen between a higher self-estimated quality of life and walking ability but not with increased cognitive function. We then concluded that the selection of patients for shunting maintained a high standard.
Stressors Increase the Impacts of Coastal Macrofauna Biodiversity Loss on Ecosystem Multifunctionality
Authors: Gammal Johanna , Hewitt Judi , Gladstone-Gallagher Rebecca , Thrush Simon , Douglas Emily , Lohrer Andrew , Pilditch Conrad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is substantial evidence that biodiversity underpins ecosystem functioning, but it is unclear how these relationships change with multiple stressors in complex real-world settings. Coastal zones are affected by numerous stressors (for example, sediment input and nutrient runoff from land) and the cumulative effects of these stressors may result in pronounced and unexpected changes in the functioning of ecosystems. To investigate the cumulative effects of turbidity and elevated nutrients on coastal biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, we performed a large-scale field experiment manipulating in situ sediment porewater ammonium concentrations and measured multiple ecosystem functions related to carbon fixation and mineralisation in 15 estuaries with varying levels of turbidity. The results indicated that the benthic macrofauna diversity (species richness, abundance, and functional richness) declined with increased porewater ammonium concentrations and there were clear thresholds in light levels at the seafloor in relation to the biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. Multifunctionality indices (an integrated index of all measured functions) in moderately turbid and turbid estuaries (daily mean seafloor PAR < 420 µmol m−2 s−1) decreased with the loss of macrofauna biodiversity. Functioning in low-turbidity estuaries (daily mean PAR > 420 µmol m−2 s−1) however remained relatively constant, suggesting that they were more resilient against the nutrient-induced biodiversity loss. Our results demonstrate that ecosystems already stressed by stressors that alter functional performance (turbidity) may be more prone to loss of overall functioning if biodiversity is reduced by another stressor (nutrient enrichment), highlighting the potential snowballing effects of cumulative change.
A new price index for multi-period and multilateral comparisons
Authors: Faliva Mario , Nava Consuelo Rubina , Zoia Maria Grazia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWithin the stochastic approach, this paper establishes a closed-form solution to the price index problem for an arbitrary number of periods or countries. The index’s reference basket merges the intersections of all couples of baskets in all periods/countries and provides an effective commodity coverage. Under spherical regression errors, the index satisfies the Geary–Khamis equation system and, as such, offers a general and compact representation of the latter as well as the inferential framework as a dowry. Furthermore, by relaxing sphericalness in favor of a more realistic assumption of commodity-dependent variances, a broader result is achieved. The solution to the price index problem thus obtained encompasses the Geary–Khamis formulation and sows the seeds to further advances.