bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of natural groundwater reserve of a morphodynamic system using an information-based model in a part of Ganga basin, Northern India
Authors: Mondal N. C. , Ajaykumar V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAssessment of morphodynamic groundwater reserves is important for the sustainable management of water resources. It is a truth that groundwater resource evaluation is anxious with the ambiguity of its several factors and employing methods. Thus, an information-based model has been hypothesized to assess natural groundwater reserves in a morphodynamic system in a part of the Ganga basin of Northern India, where the spatial variability in natural groundwater reserve exists. Marginal information of rainfall data, and transinformation among the rainfall, and monthly depth to groundwater level measurement at 50 wells in a dense monitoring network were used for evaluating natural groundwater reserve. The results indicate that an average recharge rate is about 246 mm/monsoon and or 32.65% of the seasonal rainfall, and its values are well-correlated with the soil infiltration rate. It has been found that the estimated recharge rates are about 54.08, 45.85, 33.77, 32.48, and 32.14% of the seasonal rainfall in an active flood plain, back swamp, natural levees, flood plain, and palaeochannel, respectively. The calculated annual rainfall input to groundwater reserve is found about 127.98 MCM/monsoon rainfall, which could be employed for sustainable management of groundwater resources in the morphodynamic system of the Ganga river basin.
Cats learn the names of their friend cats in their daily lives
Authors: Takagi Saho , Saito Atsuko , Arahori Minori , Chijiiwa Hitomi , Koyasu Hikari , Nagasawa Miho , Kikusui Takefumi , Fujita Kazuo , Kuroshima Hika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHumans communicate with each other through language, which enables us talk about things beyond time and space. Do non-human animals learn to associate human speech with specific objects in everyday life? We examined whether cats matched familiar cats’ names and faces (Exp.1) and human family members’ names and faces (Exp.2). Cats were presented with a photo of the familiar cat’s face on a laptop monitor after hearing the same cat’s name or another cat’s name called by the subject cat’s owner (Exp.1) or an experimenter (Exp.2). Half of the trials were in a congruent condition where the name and face matched, and half were in an incongruent (mismatch) condition. Results of Exp.1 showed that household cats paid attention to the monitor for longer in the incongruent condition, suggesting an expectancy violation effect; however, café cats did not. In Exp.2, cats living in larger human families were found to look at the monitor for increasingly longer durations in the incongruent condition. Furthermore, this tendency was stronger among cats that had lived with their human family for a longer time, although we could not rule out an effect of age. This study provides evidence that cats link a companion's name and corresponding face without explicit training.
Tubular TPU/SF nanofibers covered with chitosan-based hydrogels as small-diameter vascular grafts with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Maleki Sasan , Shamloo Amir , Kalantarnia Farnoosh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNative grafts such as internal mammary artery and saphenous vein are the main choice for coronary artery bypass graft. However, due to the limitations associated with their availability and rapid failure caused by hyperplasia, small diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) with sufficient post-implantation patency are urgently demanded as artificial alternatives. In our previous work, we innovatively fabricated a bilayer vascular graft providing appropriate structural and biological properties using electrospinning and freeze-drying methods. It was proved that the mechanical properties of the proposed graft enhanced in comparison with using either of methods individually. Here, we adopted the same methods and incorporated an anticoagulant internal layer (inner diameter 4 mm), comprised of co-electrospun fibers of silk fibroin (SF) and heparinized thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and an external highly porous hydrogel fabricated by freeze-drying method. The electrospun layer exhibited strong mechanical properties including superior elastic modulus (4.92 ± 0.11 MPa), suture retention force (6.73 ± 0.83 N), elongation at break (196 ± 4%), and comparable burst pressure (1140 ± 12 mmHg) while the external hydrogel provided SMCs viability. The heparin was released in a sustain manner over 40 days, and the cytocompatibility and blood compatibility of scaffold were approved using MTT assay and platelet adhesion test. Thus, the proposed graft has a potential to be used as an artificial blood vessel scaffold for later in-vivo transplantation.
Differentiating amnestic from non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment subtypes using graph theoretical measures of electroencephalography
Authors: Kim Jae-Gyum , Kim Hayom , Hwang Jihyeon , Kang Sung Hoon , Lee Chan-Nyoung , Woo JunHyuk , Kim Chanjin , Han Kyungreem , Kim Jung Bin , Park Kun-Woo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore different patterns of functional networks between amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and non-aMCI (naMCI) using electroencephalography (EEG) graph theoretical analysis. The data of 197 drug-naïve individuals who complained cognitive impairment were reviewed. Resting-state EEG data was acquired. Graph analyses were performed and compared between aMCI and naMCI, as well as between early and late aMCI. Correlation analyses were conducted between the graph measures and neuropsychological test results. Machine learning algorithms were applied to determine whether the EEG graph measures could be used to distinguish aMCI from naMCI. Compared to naMCI, aMCI showed higher modularity in the beta band and lower radius in the gamma band. Modularity was negatively correlated with scores on the semantic fluency test, and the radius in the gamma band was positively correlated with visual memory, phonemic, and semantic fluency tests. The naïve Bayes algorithm classified aMCI and naMCI with 89% accuracy. Late aMCI showed inefficient and segregated network properties compared to early aMCI. Graph measures could differentiate aMCI from naMCI, suggesting that these measures might be considered as predictive markers for progression to Alzheimer’s dementia in patients with MCI.
Use of sildenafil and l-arginine in an experimental rat model for the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Moreira Gabriela Araujo , Dias André Ivan Bradley dos Santos , Cadena Silvia Maria Suter Correia , Corrêa-Ferreira Marília Locatelli , Ioshii Sergio Ossamu , Fachin Camila Girardi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has a 45% mortality in neonatal intensive care units. This paper aimed to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of sildenafil and l-arginine in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. Neonatal rats were fed formula milk and submitted to hypoxia under a 100% N2 atmosphere for 70 s. Then, animals were subjected to hypothermia (4 °C for 10 min), twice a day for 3 days. Forty neonatal rats were divided into five groups: negative control—not submitted to the protocol (n = 5), sildenafil group—NEC protocol (n = 9), l-arginine group—NEC protocol (n = 9), l-arginine and sildenafil group—NEC protocol (n = 9) and positive control—NEC protocol and intraperitoneal saline solution (n = 8). Jejunum and terminal ileus were removed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical Ki-67 analysis. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze mortality, survival, body weight, intestinal injury score and Ki-67 proliferation index. All animals submitted to the protocol developed enterocolitis. Mortality rate was higher in group that received only l-arginine (p = 0.0293). The Ki-67 analysis showed a higher proliferative index in groups that received interventional drugs (p = 0.017). In conclusion, sildenafil and l-arginine were not effective to reduce intestinal injury.
A draft genome of Drung cattle reveals clues to its chromosomal fusion and environmental adaptation
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhang Tianliu , Xian Ming , Zhang Rui , Yang Weifei , Su Baqi , Yang Guoqiang , Sun Limin , Xu Wenkun , Xu Shangzhong , Gao Huijiang , Xu Lingyang , Gao Xue , Li Junya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrung cattle (Bos frontalis) have 58 chromosomes, differing from theBos taurus2n = 60 karyotype. To date, its origin and evolution history have not been proven conclusively, and the mechanisms of chromosome fusion and environmental adaptation have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we assembled a high integrity and good contiguity genome of Drung cattle with 13.7-fold contig N50 and 4.1-fold scaffold N50 improvements over the recently published Indian mithun assembly, respectively. Speciation time estimation and phylogenetic analysis showed that Drung cattle diverged fromBos taurusinto an independent evolutionary clade. Sequence evidence of centromere regions provides clues to the breakpoints in BTA2 and BTA28 centromere satellites. We furthermore integrated a circulation and contraction-related biological process involving 43 evolutionary genes that participated in pathways associated with the evolution of the cardiovascular system. These findings may have important implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of chromosome fusion, alpine valleys adaptability and cardiovascular function.
Development and preliminary validation of infrared spectroscopic device for transdermal assessment of elevated cardiac troponin
Authors: Titus Jitto , Wu Alan H. B. , Biswal Siddharth , Burman Atandra , Sengupta Shantanu P. , Sengupta Partho P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The levels of circulating troponin are principally required in addition to electrocardiograms for the effective diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Current standard-of-care troponin assays provide a snapshot or momentary view of the levels due to the requirement of a blood draw. This modality further restricts the number of measurements given the clinical context of the patient. In this communication, we present the development and early validation of non-invasive transdermal monitoring of cardiac troponin-I to detect its elevated state.

Methods
Our device relies on infrared spectroscopic detection of troponin-I through the dermis and is tested in stepwise laboratory, benchtop, and clinical studies. Patients were recruited with suspected acute coronary syndrome.

Results
We demonstrate a significant correlation (r = 0.7774, P < 0.001, n = 52 biologically independent samples) between optically-derived data and blood-based immunoassay measurements with and an area under receiver operator characteristics of 0.895, sensitivity of 96.3%, and specificity of 60% for predicting a clinically meaningful threshold for defining elevated Troponin I.

Conclusion
This preliminary work introduces the potential of a bloodless transdermal measurement of troponin-I based on molecular spectroscopy. Further, potential pitfalls associated with infrared spectroscopic mode of inquiry are outlined including requisite steps needed for improving the precision and overall diagnostic value of the device in future studies.
Reconstructing solar magnetic fields from historical observations
Authors: Tähtinen I. , Virtanen I. I. , Pevtsov A. A. , Mursula K. 
Published: April 2022

Context. The bright regions in the solar chromosphere and temperature minimum have a good spatial correspondence with regions of intense photospheric magnetic field. Bright regions are visible in different emission lines and parts of the continuum. Their observation started more than a hundred years ago with the invention of the spectroheliograph. While the historical spectroheliograms are essential for studying the long-term variability of the Sun, the modern satellite-borne observations can help us reveal the nature of chromospheric brightenings in previously unattainable detail.
Aims. Our aim is to improve the understanding of the relation between magnetic fields and radiative structures byf studying modern seeing-free observations of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation around 1600 Å and photospheric magnetic fields.
Methods. We used Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) observations of photospheric magnetic fields and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) observations of FUV contrast around 1600 Å. We developed a robust method to find contrast thresholds defining bright and dark AIA 1600 Å pixels, and we combine them to bright and dark clusters. We investigate the relation of magnetic fields and AIA 1600 Å radiation in bright and dark clusters.
Results. We find that the percentage of bright pixels (ranging from 2% to 10%) almost entirely explains the observed variability of 1600 Å emission. We developed a multilinear regression model based on the percentages of bright and dark pixels, which can reliably predict the magnitude of the disk-averaged unsigned magnetic field. We find that bright and dark clusters closely correspond respectively to the populations of moderate (B  >   55 G) and strong (B  >   1365 G) magnetic field HMI clusters. The largest bright clusters have a constant mean unsigned magnetic field, as found previously for Ca II K plages. However, the magnetic field strength of bright clusters is 254.7 ± 0.1 G, which is roughly 100 G larger than found earlier for Ca II K plages.
The Gravitational Wave Universe Toolbox
Authors: Yi Shu-Xu , Nelemans Gijs , Brinkerink Christiaan , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Zuzanna , Timmer Sjoerd T. , Stoppa Fiorenzo , Rossi Elena M. , Zwart Simon F. Portegies 
Published: April 2022

Context.As the importance of gravitational wave (GW) astrophysics increases rapidly, astronomers interested in GWs who are not experts in this field sometimes need to get a quick idea of what GW sources can be detected by certain detectors, and the accuracy of the measured parameters.Aims.The GW-Toolbox is a set of easy-to-use, flexible tools to simulate observations of the GW universe with different detectors, including ground-based interferometers (advanced LIGO, advanced VIRGO, KAGRA, Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and also customised interferometers), space-borne interferometers (LISA and a customised design), and pulsar timing arrays mimicking the current working arrays (EPTA, PPTA, NANOGrav, IPTA) and future ones. We include a broad range of sources, such as mergers of stellar-mass compact objects, namely black holes, neutron stars, and black hole–neutron star binaries, supermassive black hole binary mergers and inspirals, Galactic double white dwarfs in ultra-compact orbit, extreme-mass-ratio inspirals, and stochastic GW backgrounds.Methods.We collected methods to simulate source populations and determine their detectability with various detectors. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive description of the methodology and functionality of the GW-Toolbox.Results.The GW-Toolbox produces results that are consistent with previous findings in the literature, and the tools can be accessed via a website interface or as a Python package. In the future, this package will be upgraded with more functions.
The silent losers of Germany’s export surpluses. How current account imbalances are exacerbated by the misrepresentation of their domestic costs
Authors: Polyak Palma 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGermany’s excessive current account surpluses mirror domestic problems. They are rooted in inequality and a weak home market, creating an overdependence on exports. Why, then, are policymakers so reluctant to reduce them? This paper argues that a contributing factor is the public misrepresentation of surpluses’ domestic costs. Imbalances are narrated as distributional conflicts between countries, not within them; and bilateral trade is framed as a competition, where surplus countries win. The analysis reconstructs stakeholders’ positions and discursive strategies through media narratives and Bundestag debates, using an original dataset of public statements. It finds evidence for a systematic bias disregarding the domestic losers of surpluses. Whenever imbalances are discussed, the triggering event is outside criticism, mainly from the European Commission and the US. The ensuing debate follows an ‘us versus them’ logic, where foreign critics clash with domestic defenders—mainly the government and export-sector organisations. The success narrative and identitarian discourse about an ‘export nation’ limits left-wing actors’ room to move beyond incremental criticism. The analysis finds an effect of European integration exacerbating imbalances. Germans fend off critics by an arena-shifting strategy: pointing out that exchange rates and trade are European-level prerogatives, disregarding internal policy levers for rebalancing.
Quantifying nonlinear effects of BRIC and G4 liquidity on oil prices
Authors: Zhou Zhiping , Zhang Xuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch on oil prices has concentrated on demand and supply factors and has largely underestimated the importance of the financialization of commodities. To assess the impact of financial factors on oil prices, this article investigates the liquidity of Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) and that of a group of four developed economies (G4) consisting of the Eurozone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. An application of the single-state vector autoregressive (VAR) model to monthly data from the 1999–2020 sample period reveals that a positive shock to the liquidity of the BRIC countries leads to significant increases in real oil prices. These novel findings stem from a consideration of Markov-switching vector autoregressive (MSVAR) models, which shows that an unanticipated increase in the G4 liquidity is positively linked with real oil prices. The main findings are as follows. (1) We identify three regimes that are associated with the volatility of real oil prices and the liquidity measure, including a crisis regime that characterizes the subprime crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Impulse response function analyses show that the impact of G4 liquidity under the crisis regime is almost twice as large as that during normal periods, while the impact of BRIC liquidity during such a crisis period is almost three times larger. (3) A shock to BRIC liquidity has a greater impact on real oil prices than a shock to the liquidity of the G4 economies. This analysis helps in assessing the importance of BRIC and G4 liquidity in relation to upsurges in the real oil prices.
Numerical study of the passive micromixer with the novel blocks
Authors: Wu Zhongli , Li Yu , Xu Lei , Bao Dongmei , Zhang Xiying , Zhang Tingjian 
Published: April 2022

The micromixer is a key component of the microfluidic chip analysis system. Micromixers are widely used in applications, such as DNA hybridization and protein synthesis. A high-efficiency mixer can speed up the biochemical analysis process. In order to study how to improve the mixing efficiency of the mixer, this paper designs passive micromixers with three different blocks: cylindrical, equilateral triangle, and square. The effects of them on the mixing performance and pressure drop of the mixer were studied, respectively. Through numerical simulation, the study shows that the mixing efficiency of the mixer with equilateral triangle blocks is 96% at Re = 100, and the maximum pressure drop is 18 135.8 Pa. In addition, through the analysis of three-dimensional numerical simulation, the block causes the fluid to generate a horizontal and vertical vortex flow state in the mixing unit, thereby breaking the laminar flow and greatly improving the mixing efficiency. Through structural optimization, ETOM4, which has four mixing units and a side length of 150 μm equilateral triangle blocks, is the best passive micromixer with its mixing efficiency of 99.1%.
Open magnetic shielding for static and alternating field
Authors: Gu C. , Lai L. F. , Zhao K. , Ren N. J. 
Published: April 2022

To meet the increasing and various demands for low magnetic field measurement, an open magnetic shielding system created using a combination of copper coils and precisely designed superconducting closed coils is proposed. After testing, the prototype system showed a shielding factor of more than 10 000 in the direct current field and most importantly, a shielding factor of at least 100 in the alternating field from frequencies of 0.01–100 Hz in a 5 cm spherical volume. We interestingly found that the magnetic purity of the open system is capable of catching up with the magnetically shielded room with moderate performance. The structure and principle of the system are introduced in this paper. A key factor that makes the system possible is the decoupled interaction between the copper coils and superconducting coils. The limitations of this system and ways to improve its performance are discussed. This novel approach provides a more sophisticated and flexible way to achieve open magnetic shielding.
Elucidation of CKAP4-remodeled cell mechanics in driving metastasis of bladder cancer through aptamer-based target discovery
Authors: Sun Xing , Xie Lin , Qiu Siyuan , Li Hui , Zhou Yangyang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yibin , Zhang Lin , Xie Tiantian , Chen Yinglei , Zhang Lili , Zhao Zilong , Peng Tianhuan , Liu Jing , Wu Wencan , Zhang Lei , Li Juan , Ye Mao , Tan Weihong 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Metastasis generally leads to a dismal prognosis in bladder cancer (BLCA). The mechanical status of the cell membrane has been reported to reflect the potential of the metastatic capacity of cancer cells. However, the molecular profile and corresponding mechanical traits underlying BLCA metastasis remain largely elusive. Our study demonstrates the significance of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) in BLCA malignancy through aptamer selection, emphasizes the mechanical dominance of the central-to-peripheral gradient over simply softening or stiffening in cell migration, and shows the role of exosomes in mediating mechanical signaling in BLCA metastasis. Altogether, our work verifies the promising advantages of an aptamer-based approach in cancer research, which ranges from biomarker discovery to the elucidation of biological functions.
Simple, fast, and flexible framework for matrix completion with infinite width neural networks
Authors: Radhakrishnan Adityanarayanan , Stefanakis George , Belkin Mikhail , Uhler Caroline 
Published: April 2022

SignificanceMatrix completion is a fundamental problem in machine learning that arises in various applications. We envision that our infinite width neural network framework for matrix completion will be easily deployable and produce strong baselines for a wide range of applications at limited computational costs. We demonstrate the flexibility of our framework through competitive results on virtual drug screening and image inpainting/reconstruction. Simplicity and speed are showcased by the fact that most results in this work require only a central processing unit and commodity hardware. Through its connection to semisupervised learning, our framework provides a principled approach for matrix completion that can be easily applied to problems well beyond those of image completion and virtual drug screening considered in this paper.
Estimate of OH trends over one decade in North American cities
Authors: Zhu Qindan , Laughner Joshua L. , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
OH is the critical chemical setting removal rates of local pollutants in the atmosphere. The importance of OH to tropospheric chemistry stands in stark contrast to the absence of long-term measurements. Here we synthesize a machine learning technique, satellite observations, and simulations from a state-of-the-art chemical model to estimate OH trends between 2005 and 2014 in 49 North American cities. Compared to the summertime OH in 2005, the OH in 2014 exhibits changes that range from –17 to +11% in different cities. The variation of OH over one decade can be explained by the chemical regime shifts over the years. The identification of chemical regime, in turn, sheds light on the effective policy for controlling ozone.