bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of non‐haematolymphoid malignancies in bronchoalveolar lavages–A cancer centre’s 10 year experience
Authors: Velez‐Perez Anneliese , Abuharb Banan , Bammert Catherine E. , Landon Gene , Gan Qiong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionFibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (FOB‐BAL) is often performed in immunocompromised and cancer patients to investigate possible infectious and non‐infectious causes of clinical and radiological respiratory abnormalities. Knowledge of the incidence and distribution of non‐haematolymphoid malignancies (NHLM) detected by FOB‐BAL in this population is limited.MethodOur pathology electronic database was searched from July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2018 for BAL specimens with diagnoses of “malignant” and a review of the pathology report and electronic medical record was performed. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the incidence, distribution of NHLM, and demographics of patients in these BALs.ResultsA total of 209 (1.92%) out of 11 035 BAL cases were reported in the “malignant” category. After exclusion of 22 cases with haematolymphoid malignancies, 187 cases were included in this study. The average patient age was 58 years (ranging from 9 to 83 years). The most common NHLM identified were from lung/thoracic primaries (n = 103; 55.1%) with adenocarcinoma being the most common type of lung primary (n = 91; 88%). Other tumours detected included carcinomas from breast (n = 34; 18.2%), gastrointestinal tract (n = 17; 9.1%), genitourinary tract (n = 13; 7%), Müllerian origin (n = 8; 4.3%), and head and neck (n = 6; 3.2%). Rarer NHLM encompassed 3.2% of BALs (n = 6).ConclusionFOB‐BAL is a useful tool for evaluating various pulmonary abnormalities in our cancer institute's patient population and a valuable method for detecting NHLM, which is critical to guide appropriate subsequent therapies.
The novel left atrial strain parameters in diagnosing of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ma Chang‐Sheng , Liao Yu‐Ping , Fan Jia‐Li , Zhao Xin , Su Bo , Zhou Bing‐Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the ability of the novel LA strain parameters to discriminate patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from individuals with risk factors of HFpEF.Methods and resultsA total of n = 389 patients with risk factors for HFpEF finally was prospectively enrolled into the study, 66 of them were diagnosed with HFpEF by the 2021 ESC HF guidelines. Fifty‐five patients were undergone left ventricular catheterization and simultaneous transthoracic echocardiography was performed, 35 of them with elevated left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) was measured in all patients. LA filling index was defined as the ratio of mitral E and LASr and LA stiffness index was calculated as E/e′/LASr. Compared with the patients in the normal LVEDP subgroup, those in the elevated LVEDP subgroup showed significantly higher LA filling index, LA stiffness index, and LAVI/LASr. The receiver‐operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed LASr (area under curve [AUC] .840), LA filling index (AUC .843), LA stiffness index (AUC .766), and LAVI/LASr (AUC .755) had good diagnostic accuracy for elevated LVEDP. Inter‐technique agreement analysis showed the novel algorithms with LA strain parameters had good agreement with the invasive LVEDP measurement, better than the 2016 ASE/SCAI algorithms (kappa .711 vs. .101). Furthermore, compared with patients without HFpEF, LASr was lower in HFpEF, LA filling index, LA stiffness index, and LAVI/LASr was higher in patients with HFpEF. ROC analysis showed the novel LA strain parameters with good accuracy (AUC .756 to .821) non‐inferior to conventional echocardiographic parameters could identify HFpEF, and LA stiffness index (AUC .821) was the best one.ConclusionThe novel LA strain parameters could be of potential usefulness in estimating LVEDP and incorporated into the 2016 EACVI/ASE criteria would improve the diagnostic efficiency. The novel LA strain parameters with good accuracy non‐inferior to conventional echocardiographic parameters could discriminate HFpEF from patients with risk factors of HFpEF.
Freedom‐amelioration, transformative change, and emancipatory orders
Authors: Schmid Lukas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract“Freedom” is a fundamental political concept: contestations or endorsements of freedom‐conceptions concern the fundamental normative orientation of sociopolitical orders. Focusing on “freedom,” this article argues that the project of bringing about emancipatory sociopolitical orders is both aided by efforts at engineering fundamental political concepts as well as required by such ameliorative ambitions. I first argue that since the absence of ideology is a constituent feature of emancipatory orders, any attempt at bringing about emancipation should leverage genealogical approaches in order to debunk existing ideological freedom‐concepts, which can occur only by exposing the discursive functions these have come to serve for the (re‐)production of dominant power relations. I then suggest that establishing and sustaining an alternative, ideology‐free conception of “freedom” is a steeper task. Ensuring widespread uptake of any ameliorated concept is contingent on effective change in the relevant social environment. Where fundamental political concepts such as “freedom” are concerned, effective intervention in the relevant social environment requires radical sociopolitical change. But if such change can be brought about and enables the widespread uptake of an “improved” freedom‐concept, the concept's content comes to reflect changed social facts, thereby stabilizing the particular emancipatory sociopolitical order which has newly arisen.
Analysis ofFmsyin light of life‐history traits—Effects on its proxies and length‐based indicators
Authors: Horbowy Jan , Hommik Kristiina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEquilibrium yields and biomasses in relation to fishing mortality were generated for a wide range of life‐history traits (LHTs), which included growth parameters, natural mortality, maturity, selectivity and steepness of the Beverton and Holt stock–recruitment relationship. For each combination of LHTs, the fishing mortality expected to produce maximum sustainable yield (Fmsy), its selected proxies (F0.1,F40%,F40%SSBandFmax) and mean length atFmsy(Lmsy) were estimated. Next, linear models combining the estimatedFmsyandLmsywith the traits were fitted (R2 > .95). Almost all of the LHTs were statistically significant, and the largest effect onFmsywas from steepness, while natural mortality and growth rate had smaller effects. In the case ofLmsy, however, the largest effect in the fitted model was from the growth rate, while steepness influencedLmsyonly slightly. TheFmsyproxies were evaluated, andF40%SSBappeared to be a generally conservativeFmsyproxy, whileFmaxalways overestimatedFmsy, generally to a large extent.F0.1andF40%may be used asFmsyproxies or conservative proxies mainly for steepness values of 0.6 and higher; for lower steepness, they may markedly overestimateFmsy. The ratio of biomass atFmsyto virgin biomass was on average 0.34, and for a steepness of 0.9, some values were lower than 0.2. The analysis indicates that the use of the mean length of a catch in relation toLmsyfor evaluating stock status should be done with caution, especially for species with a high growth rate.
Active fires show an increasing elevation trend in the tropical highlands
Authors: Xiao Chiwei , Feng Zhiming , Li Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs an inherent element of the Earth's ecosystem, forest, and vegetation fires are one of the key contributors to and direct consequences of climate change. Given that topography is one of the key drivers of forest landscapes and fire behavior, it is important to clarify what the topographical characteristics and trends of global fire events are, particularly in the tropics. Here, we have investigated the variations in elevation of active fires at the continental to a global scale, including the tropics, the extra‐tropics, the lowlands, and the highlands (greater than 200 m above sea level [asl]), using the available MODIS Collection 6 active fire products (2001–2019). The main conclusions are: (1) the annual totality (average of 4.5 million) of global active fire events decreased and over 97% of them occurred frequently below 1500 m asl. (2) The tropics and the highlands accounted for ~74% (±3%) and 71% (±2%) of global active fires, respectively, and 77% (±2%) were observed in the tropical highlands. (3) From the beginning of the 21st century, active fires in the highlands displayed an upward elevational trend, particularly in the tropics, while the opposite trend was observed for the lowlands. More importantly, the rate of the increasing elevation in the highlands had a greater magnitude than that of decreasing elevation in the lowlands. (4) Finally, the United Nations collaborative program on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (UN‐REDD) in Developing Countries seemed to slow down or even result in a reversal of the upward elevational trend of fire occurrences in the tropics for the partner countries, especially in the lowlands. In the context of global climate change and rampant fires, the trend of rising elevation for active fire occurrences, particularly in the tropical highlands, indicates that more vegetation burning events occur or will occur in hilly to mountainous areas, thus posing further threats to tropical forests and some important biodiversity refuges. More sustained efforts should be made by governments and the scientific community to instigate enhanced fire management practices and to conduct in‐depth research programs.
Parasite species richness and host range are not spatially conserved
Authors: Dallas Tad A. , Jordano Pedro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimInteractor richness in host–parasite networks, corresponding to either parasite species richness for host species or host range for parasite species, can be a function of taxonomic or trait constraints. Species appearing in multiple networks can have similar interactor richness in each network owing to these taxonomic and trait constraints, resulting in a spatially conserved mean interactor richness and lower variation in interaction richness relative to a null expectation. Here, we used a global database of host–helminth interactions to examine the variability in interactor richness across a spatially explicit collection of 299 host–helminth networks.LocationGlobal.Time period1800–2003.Major taxa studiedHelminth parasite species and their host species.MethodsWe used randomization tests to examine spatial conservation of species interactions for both host and helminth species.ResultsWe failed to detect a signal of interactor richness conservation for > 95% of host and helminth parasite species relative to a set of three null models, where both the mean number of interactions per species and the variation in the number of interactions per species did not differ from a random draw. Furthermore, we detected a significant taxonomic signal in divergence in parasite species richness from a null model for host species, indicating that slight departures from null expectations are related to host phylogenetic relationships.Main conclusionsOverall, this indicates that interactor richness can vary widely for the same species and that host and helminth parasite species can play very different functional roles in interaction networks across spatial or environmental gradients.
Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the liver version 6 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver 2021 revised version)
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Ueshima Kazuomi , Sakamoto Michiie , Shiina Shuichiro , Tateishi Ryosuke , Nouso Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Furuse Junji , Miyayama Shiro , Murakami Takamichi , Yamashita Tatsuya , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResponse Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is inappropriate to assess the direct effects of treatment on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by locoregional therapies, such as radiofrequency ablation or transarterial chemoembolization. Therefore, establishment of response evaluation criteria solely devoted to HCC is needed in clinical practice, as well as in clinical trials of HCC treatment, such as systemic therapies, which cause necrosis of the tumor. Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) was revised in 2021 by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan based on the 2019 version of RECICL, which was commonly used in Japan. The major revised points of the RECICL 2021 is inclusion of RECIST version 1.1 and modified RECIST as response evaluation criteria in systemic therapy for HCC. We hope this new treatment response criteria, RECICL, proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan will benefit the HCC treatment response evaluation in the setting of daily clinical practice and clinical trials as well, not only in Japan, but also internationally.
Power, recovery and doing something worthwhile: A thematic analysis of expert patient perspectives in psychiatry education
Authors: Ward Katie , Stanyon Miriam , Ryan Karl , Dave Subodh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient involvement in psychiatry education is required by policy and has many benefits for students. Little research has focused on the impact on expert patients (EPs).ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the impact of involvement in psychiatry education on mental health patients.DesignA qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews was conducted in a psychiatry teaching unit in the East Midlands, UK. A purposive sample of 20 EPs involved in teaching was interviewed about the social and psychological impacts of involvement. Transcripts were analysed thematically and a coding scheme was developed.ResultsFive themes were identified: shaping the doctors of the future—something worthwhile, challenging assumptions about mental health, recovery and transformation, vulnerability and support and expertise and power.ConclusionThese EPs benefitted from their experience of teaching. Involvement in psychiatry teaching may require putting oneself in a vulnerable position, but a supportive and open faculty team may mitigate this challenge. The Expert Patient Programme was seen as a way of helping to reduce the power difference between patients and doctors in the future. There is a need to examine the language that we use to talk about patient involvement as this may have implications for this power dynamic. The context and mechanisms that lead to the benefits described by participants should be studied so that these benefits may be generalized to other contexts.Patient ContributionAn EP was involved in the planning and ethical approval application process of the project and the drafting and approval of this manuscript.
Producing speed on demand: Reconfiguration of space and time in food delivery platform work
Authors: Zheng Yingqin , Wu Philip Fei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExisting IS research on platform work has narrowly focused on the managerial operations of algorithmic management or its business implications. Limited research has paid attention to the scalar effects and societal implications of platform work. In this study, we address the phenomenon of ‘speed’ in the on‐demand economy through a qualitative study of Chinese food delivery workers. We construct a performative view of spatiotemporality to illustrate the reconfiguration of multiple spatiotemporal orders. The paper thus broadens the theorisation of time and space in IS research and provides a more nuanced and critical understanding of platform work against the backdrop of structural inequality in platform capitalism.
Inverse attribute‐based optimization with an application in assortment optimization
Authors: Iraj Elaheh H. , Terekhov Daria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany applications of inverse optimization (IO) arise in settings where the goal is to predict the future actions of an optimizing agent (e.g., an optimizing customer's future purchases). The majority of papers in this area implicitly assume an alternative‐based modeling approach: The forward model finds an optimal set of actions (decisions) from among a given set of alternatives, while the inverse model imputes objective function coefficients corresponding to these alternatives. Since the imputed weights correspond only to alternatives existing in the training set, alternative‐based modeling is limited to applications where the set of options does not change when a prediction is needed. In this paper, we apply an attribute‐based perspective, which allows IO to impute the weights of attributes that lead to an optimal decision instead of imputing the weight of the decision itself. This perspective expands the range of IO applicability; we demonstrate that it facilitates the application of IO in assortment optimization, where changing product selections is a defining feature and accurate predictions of demand are important. We compare inverse attribute‐based optimization with rank‐based and machine learning methods. We show that since IO encodes the utility optimizing behavior of the consumer into the preference learning process, it results in lower assortment regret for the store and a lower utility gap for the consumers.
Do liquid assets lure managers? Evidence from corporate misconduct
Authors: Zaman Rashid , Atawnah Nader , Nadeem Muhammad , Bahadar Stephen , Shakri Irfan Haider 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examine the effect of asset redeployability on corporate misconduct and find a significant positive relationship. Utilizing a large sample of public US firms for the period of 2001 to 2015, we find that a one standard deviation (SD) increase in the proportion of redeployable assets leads to a 7.2% increase in corporate fines. We also find that the positive association between asset redeployability and corporate misconduct varies across types of misconduct and industrial heterogeneity. In our channel analysis, we find that managerial risk‐taking is a potential mechanism through which asset redeployability is associated with misconduct. Additional tests reveal that corporate misconduct associated with asset redeployability leads to lower firm value. Our results remained robust in a series of sensitivity tests and continue to hold after accounting for potential endogeneity concerns. Our paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the costs and benefits of asset redeployability.
Misinformedness about the European Union and the Preference to Vote to Leave or Remain
Authors: Partheymüller Julia , Kritzinger Sylvia , Plescia Carolina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEuropean politicians have become increasingly concerned about the possible distorting effects of citizens not only being uninformed, but systematically misinformed about the European Union (EU). Against this background, this study assesses the role of EU knowledge in shaping the preference to vote to leave or remain in a (hypothetical) referendum on EU membership using cross‐national survey data that were collected simultaneously in eight EU countries during the run‐up to the 2019 EP elections. The surveys included a newly designed item battery of EU knowledge capturing both the accuracy as well as confidence in knowledge of the respondents. The results show that misinformedness is associated with a preference to leave the EU, the uninformed citizens tend to be undecided or not intending to vote, while the well‐informed prefer to remain. Overall, our findings contribute to the ongoing debates about the role of misinformation in politics.
EU Sport Diplomacy: An Idea Whose Time Has Nearly Come
Authors: Parrish Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe EU is often characterized as an economic giant but a political dwarf. In recognition of the need to develop its diplomatic persona, it is increasingly deploying soft power. Since the adoption of the sports competence in the Lisbon Treaty, the EU has considered the potential of sport to assist with the amplification of foreign policy messages. However, unlike many nation‐states, it has not yet developed a sport diplomacy strategy, although the adoption of one is being discussed at ministerial level. Employing Kingdon's multiple streams framework, this article explains how solutions have become joined to problems and that increasingly favourable political forces have opened a policy window through which the first ever EU sport diplomacy strategy should pass. However, the article also urges caution on policy entrepreneurs by advising on the circumstances in which Kingdon's three streams will couple and a strategy emerge.
Can slowing the rate of water temperature decline be utilized to reduce the impacts of cold water pollution from dam releases on fish physiology and performance?
Authors: Parisi Monique A. , Franklin Craig E. , Cramp Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCold water pollution (CWP) is caused by releases of unseasonably cold water from large, thermally stratified dams. Rapid and prolonged decreases in water temperature can have depressive effects on the metabolism, growth and swimming performance of fish. However, it is unknown if reducing the rate of temperature decrease could mitigate these negative effects by allowing thermal acclimation/acclimatization to occur. This study investigated the rate of temperature decrease as a potential CWP mitigation strategy in juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii. M. peelii were exposed to a gradual, intermediate or rapid temperature decrease from 24 to 14°C. Energetic costs, locomotor performance, growth and survival were measured to determine if the initial thermal regime affected the thermal acclimation capacity of M. peelii. Cold exposure had significant acute and lasting depressive effects regardless of the rate of temperature decrease, although M. peelii showed varying degrees of thermal compensation in swimming performance and metabolism after 8 weeks of exposure to low temperatures. The short‐term effects of CWP‐like reductions in temperature are significant, but over time M. peelii can offset some of the depressive effects of CWP through thermal plasticity. This study highlights the importance of understanding physiological responses of fish to inform management and conservation. We conclude that rate of water temperature decline cannot be used to mitigate the sublethal effects of CWP on juvenile M. peelii but may still be useful for managing the negative effects in other native Australian fish species.
Are firms motivated to greenwash by financial constraints? Evidence from global firms' data
Authors: Zhang Dongyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCorporate social responsibility is the balance between a firm's economic outcomes and environmental protection. However, investors face increasing difficulties in selecting assets with suitable environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies because companies may “greenwash” their activities by, for example, make misleading ESG disclosures. Here, we investigate the determinants that lead to companies engaging in ESG greenwashing. By analyzing international large‐cap companies across 47 countries and territories, we create a peer‐relative greenwashing score to measure the magnitude of ESG greenwashing by companies. First, we measure and evaluate the greenwashing by analyzing ESG disclosures and creating peer‐relative performance scores that consider the level of disclosure and the real ESG performance. Second, we show that companies' greenwashing decisions are motivated by financial constraints and thus the financial environment is a determinant of greenwashing behavior. Third, we describe how intermediation can alleviate financial constraints and decrease greenwashing behavior. Moreover, highly leveraged companies may have increased financial pressure and thus may enhance their greenwashing behavior. Our findings are robust according to several different measurements of financial constraint indicators.