bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine activity in projection neurons regulates short‐lasting olfactory approach memory in Drosophila
Authors: Naganos Shintaro , Ueno Kohei , Horiuchi Junjiro , Saitoe Minoru 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSurvival in many animals requires the ability to associate certain cues with danger and others with safety. In a Drosophila melanogaster aversive olfactory conditioning paradigm, flies are exposed to two odours, one presented coincidentally with electrical shocks, and a second presented 45 s after shock cessation. When flies are later given a choice between these two odours, they avoid the shock‐paired odour and prefer the unpaired odour. While many studies have examined how flies learn to avoid the shock‐paired odour through formation of odour‐fear associations, here we demonstrate that conditioning also causes flies to actively approach the second odour. In contrast to fear memories, which are longer lasting and requires activity of D1‐like dopamine receptors only in the mushroom bodies, approach memory is short‐lasting and requires activity of D1‐like dopamine receptors in projection neurons originating from the antennal lobes, primary olfactory centers. Further, while recall of fear memories requires activity of the mushroom bodies, recall of approach memories does not. Our data suggest that olfactory approach memory is formed using different mechanisms in different brain locations compared to aversive and appetitive olfactory memories.
From theory to practical fundamentals of electroencephalographic source imaging in localizing the epileptogenic zone
Authors: Singh Jaysingh , Ebersole John S. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith continued advancement in computational technologies, the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) has shifted from pure visual analysis to a noninvasive computational technique called EEG source imaging (ESI), which involves mathematical modeling of dipolar and distributed sources of a given scalp EEG pattern. ESI is a noninvasive phase I test for presurgical localization of the seizure onset zone in focal epilepsy. It is a relatively inexpensive modality, as it leverages scalp EEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data already collected typically during presurgical evaluation. With an adequate number of electrodes and combined with patient‐specific MRI‐based head models, ESI has proven to be a valuable and accurate clinical diagnostic tool for localizing the epileptogenic zone. Despite its advantages, however, ESI is routinely used at only a minority of epilepsy centers. This paper reviews the current evidence and practical fundamentals for using ESI of interictal and ictal epileptic activity during the presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant patients. We identify common errors in processing and interpreting ESI studies, describe the differences in approach needed for localizing interictal and ictal EEG discharges through practical examples, and describe best practices for optimizing the diagnostic information available from these studies.
Doing Gender in Brazil: An Examination of the Motivations for Cultural Consonance
Authors: François Dengah H. J. , Falcão Ana , Henderson Nicole 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCultural consonance is both a theoretical and methodological approach that provides a means of locating an individual within a cultural space via their degree of adherence to a particular shared cultural norm or model. Yet, lacunae remain in the cultural consonance approach, namely, the mechanisms that motivate putting cultural knowledge into practice. Using the performance of gender roles in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, as a backdrop, this paper examines the roles of social network conformation (defined as the perceived adherence of one's social network with norms) and internalization of cultural norms (taken from Melford Spiro's theory of the same name) on cultural consonance. We show that the performance of cultural models is domain‐specific, with Brazilian men motivated by their social network, whereas women are motivated by their own internalized understandings of gender.Resumo Consonância cultural é ambos, uma teoria e uma abordagem metodológica, que fornece uma maneira de localizar um indivíduo dentro do espaço cultural por meio de seu grau de adesão a uma determinada norma ou modelo cultural compartilhado. Ainda permanecem lacunas na abordagem de consonância cultural, a saber, os mecanismos que motivam colocar o conhecimento cultural em prática. Usando o desempenho de papéis de gênero em Ribeirão Preto, Brasil como pano de fundo, esse trabalho examina a conformação dos papéis das redes sociais (definido como a aderência percebida da rede social de alguém com as normas), e internalização de normas culturais (retirada da teoria de Melford Spiro com mesmo nome) em consonância cultural. Nós mostramos que o desempenho de modelos culturais é específico de um domínio, com homens brasileiros motivados por suas redes sociais, enquanto as mulheres são motivadas por suas próprias compreensões internalizadas de gênero.
Evaluation of a subcutaneously implanted biodegradable matrix with and without cisplatin in horses
Authors: Marble G. P. , Sullins Ken E. , Powers Barbara K. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the biodegradability and platinum release profile of a calcium sulphate matrix (Matrix III) implanted subcutaneously in horses.Study designMatrix III with and without cisplatin was implanted subcutaneously in the cervical region of five horses with normal cervical skin.MethodsFive 3‐mm beads of Matrix III alone and ten 3‐mm beads containing 7% cisplatin were implanted subcutaneously in the cervical region. Tissues were harvested every 7 days for 35 days. Biodegradability and histologic tissue reaction were determined. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine platinum concentration 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mm from each implantation site. Plasma and distant skin biopsies were harvested every 7 days. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine differences between the 5 weeks and the five distances from the implant.ResultsMatrix III alone caused local inflammation that resolved early, and the implant had absorbed completely by 28 days leaving only focal fibrosis. Matrix III containing 7% cisplatin incited persistent histologically evident inflammation that appeared to be clinically insignificant. The implants had not been completely absorbed by 35 days. Platinum tissue concentration decreased with time after implantation and as distance from the implant increased. Therapeutic concentrations remained in the tissue at Day 35.ConclusionsMatrix III with 7% cisplatin resulted in chemotherapeutic platinum concentrations sustained for 35 days.
Numerical and experimental investigation of mixed‐mode crack growth in aluminum alloys
Authors: Amato Daniele , Yarullin Rustam , Shlyannikov Valery , Citarella Roberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFatigue crack growth in Al 2024 and Al 7050 specimens was assessed experimentally and numerically. In the experimental investigation, various specimen configurations and loading conditions were used to achieve pure mode I, pure mode II, and mixed mode I/II, I/III, and I/II/III. Sample configurations were as follows: first, compact tension shear (CTS) specimen to reproduce pure mode‐I and pure initial mode‐II loading conditions; second, surface crack tension (SCT) specimen to analyze the behavior of semielliptical surface cracks in mode‐I and mixed‐mode conditions; and third, hollow cylindrical (HC) specimen with initial semielliptical surface crack to analyze fatigue crack growth under complex stress state. In the numerical study, finite element method (FEM) simulations were performed by means of FRANC3D and ABAQUS solver. The numerical predictions were validated with the experimental results. These predictions resulted to be accurate estimation of the crack growth across the broad range of the investigated loading conditions.
Crack initiation characteristics of brittle materials with I‐II mixed mode crack under uniaxial compression
Authors: Jin Li‐Zhu , Zhou Chang‐Yu , Yu Chen‐Yang , Pei Qi , Chang Le , He Xiao‐Hua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConsidering T‐stress components under compression, the crack initiation characteristics of HT200 and PMMA under uniaxial compression have been investigated by theoretical analysis and experimental study for central cracked plate (CCP) and compact tension shear (CTS) specimens with I‐II mixed mode crack. Crack initiation angles of CCP and CTS specimens under compressive load were theoretical predicted according to modified maximum tangential stress (MMTS) criterion and modified maximum shear stress (MMSS) criterion. The influence of material parameters and specimen geometrical configurations on crack initiation characteristics was illustrated through experiments. It demonstrates that the modified fracture criterion considering T‐stress components is more consistent with experiments. Crack initiation angle is related to material properties. Limit load PL is controlled by KII under compression for CCP specimen, and PL of PMMA is less than that of HT200. The closure effect on CTS specimens is less significant than that on CCP specimens.
The complexity of ventral CA1 and its multiple functionalities
Authors: Hong Ilgang , Kaang Bong‐Kiun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe hippocampus is one of the most widely investigated brain regions with its massive contributions to multiple behaviours. Especially, the hippocampus is subdivided into the dorsal and ventral parts playing distinct roles. In this review, we will focus on the ventral hippocampus, especially the ventral CA1 (vCA1), whose role is being actively discovered. vCA1 is well known to be associated with emotion‐like behaviour, in both positive (reward) and negative (aversive) stimuli. How can this small region in volume mediate such variety of responses? This question will be answered with technologies up to date that have allowed us to study in‐depth the specific neural circuit and to map the complex connectivity.
An ecofeminist position in critical practice: Challenging corporate truth in the Anthropocene
Authors: Barthold Charles , Bevan David , Corvellec Hervé 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrawing on selected discourses of non‐essentialist ecofeminism, this article proposes and substantiates an ecofeminist position. This distinct position is shown to bring with it a capacity to challenge widely uncontested, corporate‐produced truths regarding the benefits and the legitimacy of certain commercial activities. Three historical cases inform the discussion: the fights led by Rachel Carson against dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, by Erin Brockovich against hexavalent chromium, and by Vandana Shiva against genetically modified organisms. Distinguishing characteristics of this emblematically individual and critical activist practice include that it is aimed at fighting environmental degradations; it originates from outrage; it is sustained by dedication and courage; and it combines pedagogy, politics, and ethics. We show how this practice may be understood by reference to acknowledged ecofeminist tenets and in particular with the advocating of a holistic, respectful association with all forms of life on Earth. This is in stark contradistinction to dualist, corporate positions of self‐interested detachment from the environment, and a corresponding denial of the entanglement of the social and physical worlds. We show how such an ecofeminist position has been capable of disrupting both established corporate truths and the discursive power relationships attached to them; and how it engenders an imperative that corporations must confront and engage with the deliberate, anthropogenic consequences of their activities.
Low compliance to post‐screening recommendations in a family‐based Helicobacter pylori screening and treatment program: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kong Qingzhou , Li Yueyue , Li Ruili , Li Zhiyuan , Zheng Xueting , Wang Zhi , Song Kun , Zhang Xia , Liu Jing , Han Zhongxue , Duan Miao , Ding Yuming , Zhang Wenlin , Lin Minjuan , Wang Juan , Wan Meng , Lin Boshen , Wang Shaotong , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntra‐family transmission is an important Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection route. Family‐based screening and treatment of H. pylori is a promising strategy. However, limited data are available on patient compliance with post‐screening recommendations for such a strategy.Materials and MethodsA prospective cohort study of families from six regions in Shandong, China, from July 2021 to February 2022 was conducted. Demographic characteristics, prior testing, and treatment for H. pylori, prior gastroscopy, symptoms, and family history were collected. Infection status of participants was determined using the 13C‐urea breath test. Infected participants were recommended to undergo eradication treatment, confirmation testing, and gastroscopy per expert consensus. Participants were monitored for 6 months to record recommendation compliance in a real‐world setting. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing compliance with the recommendations.ResultsThe study included 1173 individuals from 386 families with the overall infection rate of 36.7%. The recommendation compliance for eradication treatment, confirmation testing, and gastroscopy was 69.3% (271/391), 32.5% (88/271), and 6.1% (19/309), respectively. Factors that increased the risk of lower compliance were male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.917, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.233–2.981), and living in a non‐urban area (OR, 1.954, 95% CI, 1.241–3.074), for treatment recommendations; having more than one infected family member (OR, 2.138, 95% CI, 1.237–3.698), and a lower family income (¥100,000–¥300,000 per year, OR, 7.247, 95% CI, 1.788–29.363; or <¥100,000 per year, OR, 7.294, 95% CI, 1.832–29.042), for confirmation testing recommendations; and being asymptomatic (OR, 3.009, 95% CI, 1.105–8.196), for gastroscopy recommendations.ConclusionsPost‐screening recommendation compliance for this family‐based H. pylori screening and treatment program was unsatisfactory. Further studies focusing on pre‐screening education are warranted to improve compliance.
Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection*
Authors: Sheikh‐Mohamed Salma , Sanders Erin C. , Gommerman Jennifer L. , Tal Michal Caspi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn early 2020, a global emergency was upon us in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. While horrific in its health, social and economic devastation, one silver lining to this crisis has been a rapid mobilization of cross‐institute, and even cross‐country teams that shared common goals of learning as much as we could as quickly as possible about the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and how the immune system would respond to both the virus and COVID‐19 vaccines. Many of these teams were formed by women who quickly realized that the classical model of “publish first at all costs” was maladaptive for the circumstances and needed to be supplanted by a more collaborative solution‐focused approach. This review is an example of a collaboration that unfolded in separate countries, first Canada and the United States, and then also Israel. Not only did the collaboration allow us to cross‐validate our results using different hands/techniques/samples, but it also took advantage of different vaccine types and schedules that were rolled out in our respective home countries. The result of this collaboration was a new understanding of how mucosal immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection vs COVID‐19 vaccination can be measured using saliva as a biofluid, what types of vaccines are best able to induce (limited) mucosal immunity, and what are potential correlates of protection against breakthrough infection. In this review, we will share what we have learned about the mucosal immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and to COVID‐19 vaccines and provide a perspective on what may be required for next‐generation pan‐sarbecoronavirus vaccine approaches.
In the nexus of integrity and surveillance: Proctoring (re)considered
Authors: Khalil Mohammad , Prinsloo Paul , Slade Sharon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Covid‐19 pandemic disrupted higher education in many ways, such as the move to Emergency Remote Online Teaching and Learning (EROTL), often including a move to online assessments and examinations. With evidence of increased academic dishonesty in unproctored online assessment, institutions sought ways to ensure academic and institutional integrity and reputation. In doing this, many institutions selected and implemented online proctoring solutions.ObjectivesThis article maps considerations of online proctoring solutions in the nexus between ensuring academic and institutional integrity and reputation, and addressing stakeholder concerns regarding invasive surveillance and the impacts on student privacy.MethodsThe study involved a PRISMA‐informed systematic review of three digital libraries, namely Clarivate's Web of Science, Elsevier's Scopus, and Springer's SpringerLink, for peer‐reviewed journal articles and conference proceedings. After screening, a final corpus of 27 articles was analysed.Results and ConclusionsThe findings include evidence that, in the midst of the Covid‐19 pandemic, higher education institutions were largely influenced by cost, usability and efficiency in choosing online proctoring solutions to ensure academic and institutional integrity. Student privacy was either considered in terms of data protection and transparency, or not at all. This article aims to provide valuable insight into the criteria used to select online proctoring solutions to ensure academic and institutional integrity in online examination environments. Student privacy appears not to have the consideration it warrants.
Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Layering as a New Approach for the Addition of Antifungal Agents
Authors: AlQahtani Ghaida M. , AlSuhail Haneen S. , Alqater Norah K. , AlTaisan Sarah A. , Akhtar Sultan , Khan Soban Q. , Gad Mohammed M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo introduce a new technique, denture base layering, for the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and to investigate the effects of the layering technique on Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion and on surface roughness, hardness, translucency, and flexural strength.Materials and methodsIn total, 210 heat‐polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared as discs (15 × 2 mm) for testing C. albicans adhesion (n = 70) and surface roughness, hardness, and translucency (n = 70); and as acrylic plates (65 × 10 × 2.5 mm) for testing flexural strength (n = 70). Specimens were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 30), one‐layer (n = 60), double‐layer (n = 60), and dotted‐layer (n = 60) according to the packing and layering technique. Each group was divided according to the concentration of TiO2NPs 1% and 2.5% (n = 10). The control group comprised one layer of unmodified resin. The one‐layer group comprised one layer of a mixture of PMMA/TiO2NPs packed conventionally. The double‐layer group consisted of two different layers packed in two steps, as follows: unmodified resin first, followed by a continuous thin layer of the PMMA/TiO2NPs mixture. Similarly, the dotted‐layer group consisted of two different layers packed in two steps, as follows: unmodified resin first, followed by a thin layer of the PMMA/TiO2NPs. However, the second mixture was added in a dotted manner. The direct culture method for C. albicans adhesion before and after ultraviolet light activation, and surface roughness, hardness, translucency, and flexural strength were measured. An analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsThe addition of TiO2NPs reduced C. albicans adhesion (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between both concentrations within the same group before and after ultraviolet light activation (p > 0.05), except in the 1% dotted‐layer (p = 0.022). Surface roughness and hardness were not affected by the additions of different concentrations of TiO2NPs (p = 0.905) and (p = 0.059), respectively. Translucency was significantly reduced in all the groups (p < 0.001) except in the 1% dotted‐layer (p = 0.332). Flexural strength decreased as the TiO2NPs concentration increased, with the greatest reduction in strength observed in the one‐layer group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe double and dotted layering techniques were effective in reducing C. albicans adhesion, without affecting surface roughness, hardness, or flexural strength. However, translucency was reduced in all the groups, except the 1% dotted‐layer group.
The effects of biological control agents, potassium phosphite and calcium oxide on race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae of lettuce in closed soilless cultivation systems
Authors: Gilardi Giovanna , Vasileiadou Athina , Garibaldi Angelo , Gullino Maria Lodovica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEighteen trials were carried out in a closed soilless system to evaluate the effectiveness of different strains of experimental non‐pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani, commercial biocontrol agents (Streptomyces griseoviridis, Bacillus subtilis and Beauveria bassiana), as well as products based on calcium oxide (CaO) and potassium phosphite on race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, the causal agent of the Fusarium wilt of lettuce. The treatments were applied to lettuce seedlings, which had been grown for 2 days in a peat medium before being artificially inoculated with the pathogen, and were repeated five times at 7‐day intervals. The experimental non‐pathogenic F. oxysporum MSA35 and FC3 strains provided a greater disease severity reduction (54%–83% efficacy) than the commercial B. subtilis (29%–31% efficacy), S. griseoviridis (22%–52% efficacy) and B. bassiana (39%–63% efficacy) formulations. The highest fresh weight value was provided by the non‐pathogenic F. oxysporum MSA35 and FC3 strains, thereby generally reflecting the observed disease reduction. Calcium oxide and potassium phosphite generally resulted in disease protection, but a great variability in efficacy was observed. The obtained results showed good possibilities for the non‐pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain against the pathogen in soilless systems.