bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS STEM PADA MATERI IPA TEMA 7 SUBTEMA 1 KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Febriyanti Danie , Maryani Ika 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan; 1) untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah pengembangan LKPD berbasis STEM pada materi IPA tema 7 subtema 1 kelas V SD; 2) untuk mengetahui kualitas produk LKPD berbasis STEM pada materi IPA tema 7 subtema 1 kelas V SD. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pengembangan (RnD) menggunakan model ADDIE tetapi hanya tiga tahapan yaitu analyze, design, dan development. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan pedoman wawancara, lembar observasi, dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif untuk mengolah data berdasarkan komentar atau saran dari para ahli dan respon guru serta analisis data kuantitatif Â untuk mengetahui kualitas produk. Pada uji coba produk menggunakan angket para ahli dan respon guru. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Â nilai akhir dari uji validasi ahli materi mendapatkan nilai 79,00 dengan kategori â€œBaikâ€, ahli media mendapatkan nilai 83,00 dengan kategori â€œSangat Baikâ€, ahli pembelajaran mendapatkan nilai 78,00 dengan kategori â€œBaikâ€, ahli bahasa mendapatkan nilai 84,00 dengan kategori â€œSangat Baikâ€, dan respon guru mendapatkan nilai 86,00 dengan kategori â€œSangat Baikâ€. Apabila dianalisis data kuantitatif rata-rata nilai uji validasi ahli dan respon guru maka diperoleh nilai 82,00 termasuk dalam kategori â€œSangat Baikâ€. LKPD memuat materi IPA pada Perubahan Wujud Benda, Pembuatan alat penangkap kabut, penjelasan Fog Machine, teknik menghasilkan air dan teknik balon udara agar bisa terbang, serta kegiatan mengukur. LKPD juga berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan proses sains terhadap hasil belajar IPA lebih baik daripada LKPD konvensional.
dilemas como herramienta pedagógica para el desarrollo de la capacidad de razonamiento en los alumnos del Grado en Derecho
Authors: Rojo Gallego-Burín Marina 
Published: April 2022

En la actualidad entre los alumnos universitarios se aprecia la carencia de capacidad de comprensión y argumentación. Por tanto, el profesorado tiene la obligación de tratar de suplir estas carencias de los estudiantes, para que puedan alcanzar una formación completa.
Los docentes de la asignatura de Introducción al Derecho Mercantil se marcaron el objetivo de favorecer entre el alumnado el desarrollo de la capacidad de toma de decisiones. A través de una actividad de innovación docente se pretendió que los discentes adquieran la habilidad de conformar un pensamiento vinculado a los procesos, estrategias, y representaciones mentales. A los alumnos se le presentaba una situación, en la que se podían ver involucradas cuestiones técnicas, éticas, científicas, jurídicas, económicas, ecológicas… Una vez planteado el problema tienen que buscar información y decidir que decisión adoptan.
Grinding of silicon carbide for optical surface fabrication, Part 1:
surface analysis
Authors: Shanmugam Prithiviraj , Lambropoulos John C. , Davies Matthew A, 
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a study of the grinding of three different grades
of silicon carbide (SiC) under the same conditions. Surface topography
is analyzed using coherent scanning interferometry and scanning
electron microscopy. The study provides a baseline understanding of
the process mechanics and targets effective selection of process
parameters for grinding SiC optics with near optical level surface
roughness, thus reducing the need for post-polishing. Samples are
raster and spiral ground on conventional precision machines with metal
and copper-resin bonded wheels under rough, medium, and finish
grinding conditions. Material microstructure and grinding conditions
affect attainable surface roughness. Local surface roughness of less
than 3 nm RMS was attained in both chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and
chemical vapor composite (CVC) SiC. The tool footprint is suitable for
sub-aperture machining of a large freeform optics possibly without the
need for surface finish correction by post-polishing. Subsurface
damage will be assessed in Part 2 of this paper series.
SOI-based compact mode- and polarization-division multiplexer for on-chip optical interconnects: design and simulation
Authors: Nath Jyoti Prasad , Dhingra Nikhil , Saxena Geetika J. , Sharma Enakshi K. 
Published: April 2022

A compact seven-channel hybrid mode- and polarization-division multiplexer based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide platform is proposed for on-chip optical interconnects. Three independent signals are coupled into the

T

E

0

,

T
M

0

, and

T
E

1

mode of a three moded waveguide using a taper, a polarization beam splitter, and an asymmetric directional coupler in the first coupler section. In the adiabatically connected second and third sections, two collocated asymmetric directional couplers are used to couple two TE modes (

T
E

2

,

T
E

3

) and two TM modes (

T
M

1

,

T
M

2

) to reduce the footprint of the device. A coupling length of

∼

44.29

µ

m

is achieved with low insertion loss

<

0.09

d
B

and crosstalk better than

−

30

d
B

at the designed wavelength of 1.55 µm.
Room-temperature plasmonic mid-infrared photodetector based on PtSi/p-Si low Schottky-barrier junction
Authors: Shiraishi Masahiko , Noda Daiji , Ohta Ryo , Kan Tetsuo 
Published: April 2022

In this study, a low Schottky-barrier photodetector with a plasmonic assist using a two-dimensional (2D) nanohole array was demonstrated, which receives mid-infrared (MIR) light at room temperature. In the structural design, it was confirmed that the 2D nanohole-array photodetector has high absorbance in the MIR region using rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The result showed that the nanoholes formed in p-type silicon (p-Si), platinum silicide (PtSi), to form Schottky barriers, and gold (Au), for photocurrent extraction, had high absorbance in the MIR region along with the Fabry–Perot resonance mode toward the depth of the nanohole. The 2D nanohole array, with Au/PtSi/p-Si layers, has high absorbance for illuminating MIR light near 3.46 µm from the backside. The current–voltage characteristics indicated a low Schottky barrier of 0.32 eV, confirming the photoresponsive potential in the MIR photodetection. The photocurrent response to the modulation signal was obtained at room temperature. In addition, signal processing through transimpedance and lock-in amplifiers enabled us to obtain characteristics with high linearity for light intensities in milliwatts. Light acquisition for 2.5–3.8-µm-long MIR wavelength became possible, and applications in gas sensing, including vibrational absorption bands of alkane groups, are expected.
Evanescent waveguide lab-on-chip for optical biosensing in food quality control
Authors: Buzzin Alessio , Asquini Rita , Caputo Domenico , de Cesare Giampiero 
Published: April 2022

Optical biosensing systems are commonly developed assembling a source, a light–sample interaction area, and a detector as distinct stand-alone elements. We present a compact, inexpensive, and easy-to-use glass chip that monolithically integrates both the interaction and detection elements in a

1

cm

2

overall surface. The device working principle is based on evanescent wavelight interaction with the complex refractive index of a liquid mixture, being the index influenced by the mixture’s physical and chemical features. We describe the manufacture of a prototype able to perform investigations on food quality and subsequent tests on the detection of fat content in milk. Theoretical investigations are reported as well as measurements performed on samples in the green spectrum. A sensitivity of about 139 fA/(g/dL) and a limit of detection of 14 ppm have been achieved, better than those of current commercial devices.
Evaluation of the Mexican warning label nutrient profile on food products marketed in Mexico in 2016 and 2017: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Contreras-Manzano Alejandra , Cruz-Casarrubias Carlos , Munguía Ana , Jáuregui Alejandra , Vargas-Meza Jorge , Nieto Claudia , Tolentino-Mayo Lizbeth , Barquera Simón 
Published: April 2022

Background
Different nutrient profiles (NPs) have been developed in Latin America to assess the nutritional quality of packaged food products. Recently, the Mexican NP was developed as part of the new warning label regulation implemented in 2020, considering 5 warning octagons (calories, sugar, sodium, saturated fats, and trans fats) and 2 warning rectangles (caffeine and non-nutritive sweeteners). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the Mexican NP and other NPs proposed or used in Latin America against the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) model.

Methods and findings
Nutrition content data of 38,872 packaged food products available in the Mexican market were collected in 2016 and 2017. The evaluation of the Mexican NP, including its 3 implementation phases of increasing stringency (2020, 2023, and 2025), was conducted by comparing the percentage of products classified as “healthy” (without warnings) or “less healthy” (with 1 or more warnings), as well as the number and type of warnings assigned to food products, against the PAHO NP. Using the calibration method, we compared the classifications produced by the PAHO model against those produced by the NP models of Ecuador, Chile (3 phases), Peru (2 phases), Uruguay, and Brazil. Kappa coefficients and Pearson correlations were estimated, and proportion tests were performed. We found that the 3 implementation phases of the Mexican NP had near to perfect agreement in the classification of healthy foods (Mexico NP models: 19.1% to 23.8%; PAHO model: 19.7%) and a strong correlation (>91.9%) with the PAHO model. Other NPs with high agreement with the PAHO model were the Ecuador (89.8%), Uruguay (82.5%), Chile Phase 3 (82.3%), and Peru Phase 2 (84.2%) NPs. In contrast, the Peru Phase 1, Brazil, and Chile Phase 1 NP models had the highest percentage of foods classified as healthy (49.2%, 47.1%, and 46.5%, respectively) and the lowest agreement with the PAHO model (69.9%, 69.3%, and 73%, respectively). Study limitations include that warnings considered by the Mexican NP models were evaluated as if all the warnings were octagon seals, while 2 out of the 7 were rectangular warnings (caffeine and non-nutritive sweeteners), and that our data are limited by the quality of the information reported in the list of ingredients and the nutrition facts table of the products.

Conclusions
The 3 implementation phases of the Mexican NP were useful to identify healthy food products. In contrast, the Peru Phase 1, Brazil, and Chile Phase 1 NP models may have limited usefulness for the classification of foods according to the content of ingredients of concern. The results of this study may inform countries seeking to adapt and evaluate existing NP models for use in population-specific applications.
Household access to non-communicable disease medicines during universal health care roll-out in Kenya: A time series analysis
Authors: Kiragu Zana Wangari , Rockers Peter C. , Onyango Monica A. , Mungai John , Mboya John , Laing Richard , Wirtz Veronika J. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
This study aims to describe trends and estimate impact of county-level universal health coverage expansion in Kenya on household availability of non-communicable disease medicines, medicine obtainment at public hospitals and proportion of medicines obtained free of charge.

Methods
Data from phone surveillance of households in eight Kenyan counties between December 2016 and September 2019 were used. Three primary outcomes related to access were assessed based on patient report: availability of non-communicable disease medicines at the household; non-communicable disease medicine obtainment at a public hospital versus a different outlet; and non-communicable disease medicine obtainment free of cost versus at a non-zero price. Mixed models adjusting for fixed and random effects were used to estimate associations between outcomes of interest and UHC exposure.

Results
The 197 respondents with universal health coverage were similar on all demographic factors to the 415 respondents with no universal health coverage. Private chemists were the most popular place of purchase throughout the study. Adjusting for demographic factors, county and time fixed effects, there was a significant increase in free medicines (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.73, 3.76), significant decrease in medicine obtainment at public hospitals (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47, 0.97), and no impact on the availability of non-communicable disease medicines in households (aβ -0.004, 95% CI -0.058, 0.050) with universal health coverage.

Conclusions
Access to universal health coverage caused a significant increase in free non-communicable disease medicines, indicating financial risk protection. Interestingly, this is not accompanied with increases in public hospitals purchases or household availability of non-communicable disease medicines, with public health centers playing a greater role in supply of free medicines. This raises the question as to the status of supply-side investments at the public hospitals, to facilitate availability of quality-assured medicines.
Climate Justice: Whose Justice?
Authors: Ikporukpo Chris 
Published: April 2022

The increasing literature on climate justice is indicative of the increasing severity and public awareness of the challenge of climate change and the need for action. Generally speaking, the extant literature emphasises climate justice activism during COPs, climate justice movements and their activities, and climate justice activism in specific geographical regions. A case study approach is typical and neglects the actions of non-climate justice movement actors. This approach does not make for generalization on climate justice action. This article analyses the emergence and propagation of climate justice from a global perspective taking into consideration state actors and non-state actors, including non-movement groups and individuals. Varied sources of data are used and the analysis is descriptive and perspective. Rawls’ theory of justice and the resource mobilisation theory provide the theoretical underpinning. State actors, which are commonly analysed as antithetically related to the climate justice movements, play sensitisation and awareness-creation roles through IPCC. Furthermore, State-actors through COP play critical roles negotiating for polluters pay and emission mitigation (net-zero) systems. Non-State actors, including non-formal groups and individuals, have been particularly critical in the fight for climate justice. Their actions have been through songs and poems, pressured mobilisation through protests, strikes and sloganeering, and litigation. Several challenges hinder the enthronement of climate justice. A successful enthronement of climate justice necessitates cooperation between State and non-State actors; which is the basis of the Marrakech Initiative of 2016.
The Queen Caroline Affair in Radical Periodicals
Authors: Abreu Georgina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rendering of the Queen Caroline affair by the radical periodical press constitutes a case study of the intersection of the press, propaganda, gender, class, politics, and, ultimately, a metaphor of political and cultural change. Rooted in this assertion, the present essay examines and interprets the version of the Queen Caroline affair in the three radical periodicals that resisted the passing of the Six Acts in 1819. These wereThe Republican, edited by Richard Carlile;Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register, edited by William Cobbett; and theBlack Dwarf, edited by Thomas Jonathan Wooler. The Conclusion determines the extent to which early nineteenth-century radical journalism contributed to political and cultural progress. The protagonists of the Queen Caroline affair in the radical periodicals were timeless: they were corruption, injustice, lack of freedom, and the public as the motors of change – a political struggle with deep cultural undertones.
Optimization of biochar preparation process and carbon sequestration effect of pruned wolfberry branches
Authors: Yu Jiawen , Song Mingdan , Li Zhengpeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pruned wolfberry branches are abundant and ideal raw material for biomass carbonization. It would provide valuable guidance for optimizing the preparation conditions of biochar of pruned wolfberry branches for carbon sequestration and emission reduction. This study adopted a single-factor experiment and response surface method (RSM) using reaction temperature and holding time as factors, and systematically investigated the effects of carbonization conditions on yield and fixed carbon content. Based on the results, the effects of temperature on yield and fixed carbon content were greater than those of holding time. Both temperature and holding time had extremely significant effects on yield, and the interaction had significant effects. Temperature had an extremely significant effect on fixed carbon content, while holding time and the interaction had no significant effect. Through the RSM, the optimized pyrolysis temperature was 530°C and the holding time was 2 h. The potential for carbon sequestration of biochar generated by wolfberry branches and returned to the soil was evaluated. Biochar was believed to contribute to carbon sequestration and emission reduction in Qinghai province; 68.56 × 103 t of carbon emissions could be reduced annually from combustion in the atmosphere and 34.42 × 103 t of carbon could be fixed if all biochar were applied to soil.
Cu-Catalysed tandem reactions for building poly hetero atom heterocycles-green chemistry tool
Authors: Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara , Jayakumar Jyothylakshmi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Of late, regio-selective tandem reactions are given much attention due to the formation of several multiple bonds in a single synthetic operation, avoids altering the reaction conditions, isolation of the intermediates during the reaction, reduces the production of toxic waste to the environment and can produce highly complex organic molecules with desired selectivity. Though, it requires the well-built knowledge for optimization of the process, it permits to make the complex organic molecules with least number of steps, and it has eventually made great interest and inspiration to the upcoming organic chemists. Presentation of current book chapter presents the Cu-Catalysed tandem reactions for building poly hetero atom heterocyclic compounds via green approach.
Use of heterogeneous catalysis in sustainable biofuel production
Authors: Saleh Hosam M. , Hassan Amal I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Biofuel is a sustainable energy source that may use to replace fossil-based carbon dioxide and mitigate the adverse effects of exhaust emissions. Nowadays, we need to replace petroleum fuels with alternatives from environmentally sustainable sources of increasing importance. Biofuels derived from biomass have gained considerable attention, and thus most of the traditional methods that harm the environment and humans have retreated. Developing an active and stable heterogeneous catalyst is a step of utmost importance in the renewable liquid fuel technology. Thus, there is a great interest in developing methods for producing liquid fuels from non-edible sources. It may also be from dry plant tissues such as agricultural waste. Lignocellulosic biomass can be a sustainable source for producing renewable fuels and chemicals, as well as the replacement of petroleum products. Hence, the researchers aspired to synthesize new catalysts using a cheap technology developed to hydrolyze cellulose and then produce bioethanol without needing expensive enzymes, which may ultimately lead to a lower fuel price. In this paper, we will focus on the recent technologies used to produce sustainable biofuels through inexpensive incentives and innocuous to the environment.
China’s radiopharmaceuticals on expressway: 2014–2021
Authors: Cui Xi-Yang , Liu Yu , Wang Changlun , Wen Zihao , Li Yichen , Tang Haocheng , Diwu Juan , Yang Yuchuan , Cui Mengchao , Liu Zhibo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis review provides an essential overview on the progress of rapidly-developing China’s radiopharmaceuticals in recent years (2014–2021). Our discussion reflects on efforts to develop potential, preclinical, and in-clinical radiopharmaceuticals including the following areas: (1) brain imaging agents, (2) cardiovascular imaging agents, (3) infection and inflammation imaging agents, (4) tumor radiopharmaceuticals, and (5) boron delivery agents (a class of radiopharmaceutical prodrug) for neutron capture therapy. Especially, the progress in basic research, including new radiolabeling methodology, is highlighted from a standpoint of radiopharmaceutical chemistry. Meanwhile, we briefly reflect on the recent major events related to radiopharmaceuticals along with the distribution of major R&D forces (universities, institutions, facilities, and companies), clinical study status, and national regulatory supports. We conclude with a brief commentary on remaining limitations and emerging opportunities for China’s radiopharmaceuticals.
Cold allodynia is correlated to paroxysmal and evoked mechanical pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Authors: Lunden Lars Kristian , Kleggetveit Inge Petter , Schmelz Martin , Jorum Ellen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Mechanisms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are still debated. Identifying subgroups of patients have been attempted in the hope of linking clinical findings to possible mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether subgroups of CRPS (based on quantitative sensory testing (QST)-results) differed with respect to different characteristics of pain like spontaneous ongoing or paroxysmal pain and mechanical dynamic allodynia.

Methods
61 CRPS-patients (type 1 and 2) were examined clinically and with QST, in affected and contralateral extremity, with assessment of thresholds for warmth, cold and heat-and cold pain.

Results
43 patients (20 men, 23 men) were diagnosed with CRPS 1 (70.5%) and 18 patients (8 women and 10 men) with CRPS 2 (29.5%). Three subgroups were defined based on thermal thresholds; A (thermal allodynia 22.9%), B (thermal hyposensitivity 37.3%), C (thermal allodynia and hyposensitivity 39.3%). Paroxysmal pain was more prevalent in patients with thermal allodynia (merging group A + C, 25/38–65.8%) compared to patients without thermal allodynia (group B, 5/23–21.7%) (p-value=0.00085).

Conclusions
We suggest that cold allodynia is based on hyper-excitability of very superficial skin nociceptors. The correlation between paroxysmal pain, allodynia to light touch and cold allodynia suggests that activity in those peripheral nociceptors can drive both, paroxysmal pain and spinal sensitization leading to stroke evoked allodynia. Mechanistically, the physical cold stimulus can unmask disease-related hyperexcitability by closure of temperature-sensitive potassium channels or induction of resurgent currents. Small fiber degeneration alone may not be the crucial mechanism in CRPS, nor explain pain.