bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Big 4 Under Pressure: Scanning Work in Transnational Fields*
Authors: Christensen Rasmus Corlin , Seabrooke Leonard 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigate what happens when accounting professionals come under external pressure to change established practices. We focus on corporate tax transparency, which has become an important battleground as stakeholders increasingly demand more information on corporate tax practices. While the Big 4 global accounting firms have traditionally played a dominant role in shaping what is perceived as acceptable corporate tax behavior, activists and critical politicians have recently mobilized public attention, challenging how accounting professionals legitimate their practices. We provide evidence of these challenges from 33 interviews and participation in 13 professional events from 2013 to 2019. We conceive of the confrontation between dominant professionals and challengers as taking place in a transnational “field,” where a range of actors struggle over how a common object—corporate tax transparency—is defined and treated. This approach helps us understand how the Big 4 navigate new challenges while seeking to maintain control over professional practices. Our interviews and observations show that Big 4 professionals are sensitive to political challenges, requiring that they engage in what we characterize as “scanning work”—ongoing activity to search for, identify, and assess challenges—to fend off outside interventions. Our analysis has important implications for further research. First, the need for scanning work when facing transnational political pressure implies a different way of seeing interactions between accounting professionals and (global) society at large. Second, viewing global accounting from a transnational field lens helps us identify complex sources of change external to already‐powerful actors.
AF‐vapeR: A multivariate genome scan for detecting parallel evolution using allele frequency change vectors
Authors: Whiting James R. , Paris Josephine R. , van der Zee Mijke J. , Fraser Bonnie A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The repeatability of evolution at the genetic level has been demonstrated to vary along a continuum from complete parallelism to divergence. In order to better understand why this continuum exists within and among systems, hypotheses must be tested using high‐confidence candidate loci for repeatability. However, few methods have been developed to scan SNP data for signatures specifically associated with repeatability, as opposed to local adaptation.

We present AF‐vapeR (Allele Frequency Vector Analysis of Parallel Evolutionary Responses), an approach designed to identify genomic regions exhibiting highly correlated allele frequency changes within haplotypes and among replicated allele frequency change vectors. The method divides the genome into windows of an equivalent number of SNPs, and within each window performs eigen decomposition over normalised allele frequency change vectors (AFVs), each derived from a replicated pair of populations/species. Properties of the resulting eigenvalue distribution can be used to compare regions of the genome for those exhibiting strong geometric parallelism, and can also be compared against a null distribution derived from randomly permuted AFVs. Furthermore, the shape of the eigenvalue distribution can reveal multiple axes of parallelism within datasets.

We demonstrate the utility of this approach to detect different modes of parallel evolution using simulations, and a reduced type‐II error rate compared with intersecting FST outliers. Lastly, we apply AF‐vapeR to four previously published datasets (stickleback, Drosophila, guppies and Galapagos finches) which comprise a range of sampling and sequencing strategies, and lineage ages. We detect known parallel regions while also identifying novel candidates.

The main benefits of this approach include a reduced false‐negative rate under many conditions, an emphasis on signals associated specifically with repeatable evolution as opposed to local adaptation, and an opportunity to identify different modes of parallel evolution at the first instance.
Identification of key genes and immune cell infiltration in recurrent implantation failure: A study based on integrated analysis of multiple microarray studies
Authors: Feng Xue , Meng Xiaolin , Guo Shuaiqingying , Li Kezhen , Wang Lingjuan , Ai Jihui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProblemRecurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to a challenging topic in assisted reproductive technology (ART), the etiology of which may be attributed to impaired endometrial receptivity; however, the precise pathogenesis of RIF has not been thoroughly elucidated.Method of studyFour RIF microarray datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and integrated by the “sva” R package. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the “limma” package and then GO, KEGG, GSEA, and GSVA were applied to perform functional and pathway enrichment analysis. The immune cell infiltration in the RIF process was evaluated by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, the hub genes were identified through the CytoHubba and subsequently verified using two items of external endometrial data.Results236 genes were differentially expressed in the endometrium of the RIF group. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the biological functions of DEGs were mainly correlated to the immune‐related pathways, including immune response, TNF signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades. Among the immune cells, γδ T cells decreased significantly in the endometrium of RIF patients. In addition, the key DEGs such as PTGS2, FGB, MUC1, SST, VCAM1, MMP7, ERBB4, FOLR1, and C3 were screened and identified as the hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of RIF.ConclusionsAbnormal immune response regulation of endometrium contributes to the occurrence of RIF, and γδ T cells may be the pivotal immune cells causing RIF. At the same time, the novel hub genes identified will provide effective targets for the prediction and therapy of RIF.
MiRNA biomarkers in cancers of the male reproductive system: Are we approaching clinical application?
Authors: Constâncio Vera , Tavares Nuno Tiago , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen , Lobo João 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpecific cancer types face specific clinical management challenges. Owing to their stability, robustness and fast, easy and cost‐effective detection, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive candidate biomarkers to the clinic.ObjectivesBased on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature in the field, we explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers to answer relevant clinical dilemmas inherent to cancers of the male reproductive tract (prostate [PCa], testis [TGCTs] and penis [PeCa]) and identify some of the challenges/limitations hampering their widely application.Results and discussionWe conclude that the use of miRNAs as biomarkers is at different stages for these distinct cancer types. While for TGCTs, miRNA‐371a‐3p is universally accepted to fill in important clinicals gaps and is moving fast towards clinical implementation, for PCa almost no overlap of miRNAs exists between studies, denoting the absence of a consistent miRNA biomarker, and for PeCa the field of miRNAs has just recently started, with only a few studies attempting to explore their clinical usefulness.ConclusionTechnological advances influencing miRNA detection and quantification will be instrumental to continue to move forward with implementation of miRNAs in the clinic as biomarkers for non‐invasive diagnosis, risk stratification, treatment monitoring and follow‐up.
Laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair in infants: an initial experience
Authors: Leng Samantha , Jackson Tracy , Houlton Adelene , Dumitriu Elisabeth , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundInguinal hernia repair is a common operation performed in children. In Australia, open repair (OR) continues to be the preferred method of treatment in infants, despite laparoscopic repair (LR) gaining popularity amongst some international centres. Our aim was to analyse initial outcomes with LR at our paediatric centre.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all patients <1 year of age who received LR or OR between January 2017 and July 2021 at our institution. Data were retrieved from both electronic and scanned medical records. Data were analysed using an unpaired t‐test, Mann–Whitney test, Fisher's exact test or simple linear regression. A P‐value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 376 patients were identified: LR was performed in 73 patients, and OR in 303 patients. Bilateral repair was more common amongst patients receiving LR: 56.2% versus 21.5%, P = 0.0001, treating either a symptomatic hernia or an intra‐operative contralateral inguinal defect (70%). All LR patients received general anaesthetic, compared to 82.8% of patients in the OR group, P = 0.0001. There were no recurrences following LR and 3 with OR (P = 1.0). The metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia rate following OR was 10% (21/206). There was no significant difference in other complications, including wound infection, haematoma, testicular atrophy, and hydrocele formation.ConclusionIn our population OR was performed more often than LR. Operative complication rates were equivalent between OR and LR groups. However, infants that underwent OR were significantly more likely to develop a MCIH.
Multicentre, randomised study found that honey had no pharmacological effect on nocturnal coughs and sleep quality at 1–5 years of age
Authors: Nishimura Tatsuo , Muta Hiromi , Hosaka Taisuke , Ueda Makoto , Kishida Kazue ,   the Honey and Coughs Study Group of the Society of Ambulatory and General Paediatrics of Japan
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe World Health Organization has listed honey as a potential treatment for coughs, but there is little evidence to support its use for coughs associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). This study evaluated how effective honey was for treating nocturnal coughs and sleep difficulties.MethodsThis multicentre, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study focused on patients aged 1–5 years with URTIs and coughs for up to 7 days. They were recruited from 13 general paediatric community clinics in Japan. The participants were given acacia honey or a honey‐flavoured syrup placebo in the hour before they were put down to sleep on 2 consecutive nights. Their nocturnal cough and sleep difficulties were assessed on both nights using a 7‐point Likert scale.ResultsThe data collection for 161 patients took place between 20 November 2021 and 28 February 2022, with 78 randomly allocated to the honey group and 83 to the syrup placebo group. Both groups showed improvements on both the first and second nights, with no significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionBoth groups showed improvements in their nocturnal coughs and sleep difficulties during the 2‐night study, but honey was no more effective than the syrup placebo.
Perceived effectiveness of an innovative mobile‐based serious game on the improvement of soft skills in minimally invasive surgical training
Authors: Oo Aung Myint , Vallabhajosyula Ranganath 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionSoft skills have a pertinent role for the quality and efficient outcomes in minimally invasive surgical procedures that are difficult to practice due to time constraints, limited resources, and other logistical reasons. The literature says that serious games serve as better resources for learning soft skills but needs evaluation from stakeholders. This study explores the perceived effectiveness of serious gaming intervention as a learning tool to improve communication, collaborative skills among the residents in surgery, house officers and junior doctors.MethodA total of nine participants volunteered to take part in the exploratory study. During the study, the participants responded to a pre‐test quiz, followed by exploration of the game and a post‐test quiz. The perceived perceptions on the effectiveness of the gaming intervention were collected on a five‐point Likert scale questionnaire with open‐ended questions.ResultsThere was no significant difference in pre‐test and post‐test scores on communication and collaborative skills. Among the three themes, there was significant effect of usefulness of the application of improvement of soft skills (90% response); however, technicalities should be addressed (50% of responses). The qualitative feedback renders that, better graphics, tutorial run, user‐friendly interface and controls, and enhanced 3D environment would enhance the efficacy of the prototype.ConclusionAn innovative mobile‐based serious gaming intervention was developed and tested for its effectiveness as a resource to develop soft skills among surgeons in training. The results indicate that gamified interventions can serve as educational resources and supplement the self‐directed learning in surgical education.
Mussel parasite richness and risk of extinction
Authors: Brian Joshua I. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParasite conservation is important for the maintenance of ecosystem diversity and function. Conserving parasites relies first on understanding parasite biodiversity and second on estimating the extinction risk to that biodiversity. Although steps have been taken independently in both these areas, previous studies have overwhelmingly focused on helminths in vertebrate hosts over broad scales, providing low resolution and excluding a large proportion of possible host and parasite diversity. We estimated both total obligate parasite richness and parasite extinction risk in freshwater mussels (Unionidae and Margaritiferidae) from Europe and the United States to provide a case study for considering parasite conservation in a severely understudied system. We used currently reported host–parasite relationships to extrapolate parasite diversity to all possible mussel hosts and then used the threat levels of those hosts to estimate the extinction risk for both described and undescribed parasites. An estimated 67% of parasite richness in freshwater mussels is undescribed and over 80% of the most host‐specific groups (digenean trematodes and ciliates) are undescribed. We estimated that 21% of this total parasite fauna is at immediate risk of extinction, corresponding to 60 unique species, many of which will likely go extinct before being described. Given the important roles parasites play in community structure and function and the strong ecosystem engineering capacities of freshwater mussels, such extinctions are likely to severely affect freshwater ecosystems. Our detailed study of mussel parasites provides compelling evidence for the hidden conservation threat to parasites through extinction cascades and shows parasites are deserving of immediate attention.
Identifying and developing effective post‐2020 conservation bridging leaders
Authors: Rice Wayne Stanley 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffective bridging leaders interact within and outside their group to facilitate collaboration required in multistakeholder contexts. This is particularly crucial to community‐based conservation interventions that strive to achieve both ecological and social objectives by actively engaging or devolving decision‐making and management authority to local communities. Although a viable approach in many contexts, achieving “unprecedented collaboration” called for by the Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework in community‐based conservation is problematic given the multiple and diverse actors affecting and affected by these interventions. Therefore, effective leadership becomes crucial to implementing necessary strategies to engage actors and resolve conflict inclusively. Yet, weak leadership commonly constrains these interventions. I reviewed relevant literature and devised a framework of effective bridging leadership characteristics. I then used this framework to appraise bridging leadership in two African coastal‐marine community‐based conservation cases. I employed social network analysis and semistructured and group interviews in the two cases. Several local leaders emerged as key (potential) bridging leaders. Furthermore, I found that effective bridging leaders require not only legal recognition but also perceived legitimacy resulting from building trust with other actors. Additionally, the inclusive collaboration required multiple sources of emotionally intelligent bridging leaders with the integrity, humility, empathy, and cultural awareness necessary to mitigate elite capture, effectively communicate, and empower and provide support to others. Because emotional intelligence in conservation leadership remains a knowledge gap, particularly in community‐based conservation research, insights from this study should be useful to diverse conservation actors.
Reconsidering the role of glycaemic control in cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes: A 21st century assessment
Authors: Aroda Vanita R. , Eckel Robert H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well known that the multiple factors contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) confer an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the relationship between hyperglycaemia and increased microvascular risk is well established, the relative contribution of hyperglycaemia to macrovascular events has been strongly debated, particularly owing to the failure of attempts to reduce CVD risk through normalizing glycaemia with traditional therapies in high‐risk populations. The debate has been further fuelled by the relatively recent discovery of the cardioprotective properties of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors. Further, as guidelines now recommend individualizing glycaemic targets, highlighting the importance of achieving glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) goals safely, the previously observed negative influences of intensive therapy on CVD risk might not present if trials were repeated using current‐day treatments and individualized HbA1c goals. Emerging longitudinal data illuminate the overall effect of excess glucose, the impacts of magnitude and duration of hyperglycaemia on disease progression and risk of CVD complications, and the importance of glycaemic control at or early after diagnosis of T2D for prevention of complications. Herein, we review the role of glucose as a modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, the role of microvascular disease in predicting macrovascular risk, and the deleterious impact of therapeutic inertia on CVD risk. We reconcile new and old data to offer a current perspective, highlighting the importance of effective, early treatment in reducing latent CV risk, and the timely use of appropriate therapy individualized to each patient's needs.
Relations of religious affiliation group norms, human capital, and autonomy to Israeli men's participation in household duties
Authors: Abu‐Hasan Nabwani Ola 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this work, I document variation in husbands' participation in household duties, an indicator of gender equality, by comparing ethnoreligious affiliation group, human capital, and autonomy.BackgroundScholars posit a relationship between religiosity and traditional gender relations, impacted by cultural norms and women's human capital. Israel's diverse ethnoreligious landscape provides an excellent context for empirically evaluating posited relationships.MethodThe study analyzed quantitative data from the Israel Social Survey on 1,900 married women (1,529 Jews and 371 Arabs).ResultsHusbands of Arab women were 83% less likely than husbands of Jewish women to share household duties. Among Jewish couples, husbands of traditional‐religious women were 29% less likely than husbands of secular women to share household duties. Further, among Jewish couples, there was no difference in husbands' sharing of household duties between ultra‐Orthodox women and secular women. Among Arabs, Druze husbands were almost 3 times more likely to participate than Muslim husbands. Among Arab Muslims, religious husbands were 2.40 times more likely to share household duties than nonreligious Muslims.ConclusionFindings support C. Goldscheider's culture hypothesis, suggesting that the uniqueness of the affiliation group is most important. However, although human capital did not strongly moderate husbands' participation, women's autonomy did.ImplicationPublic policy should be sensitive to differences between ethnoreligious groups in supporting gender equality. For instance, policy makers should encourage religious leaders to preach values that promote such equality.
Toward a decade of ocean science for sustainable development through acoustic animal tracking
Authors: Alós Josep , Aarestrup Kim , Abecasis David , Afonso Pedro , Alonso‐Fernandez Alexandre , Aspillaga Eneko , Barcelo‐Serra Margarida , Bolland Jonathan , Cabanellas‐Reboredo Miguel , Lennox Robert , McGill Ross , Özgül Aytaç , Reubens Jan , Villegas‐Ríos David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ocean is a key component of the Earth's dynamics, providing a great variety of ecosystem services to humans. Yet, human activities are globally changing its structure and major components, including marine biodiversity. In this context, the United Nations has proclaimed a Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development to tackle the scientific challenges necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean by means of the Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG14). Here, we review how Acoustic animal Tracking, a widely distributed methodology of tracking marine biodiversity with electronic devices, can provide a roadmap for implementing the major Actions to achieve the SDG14. We show that acoustic tracking can be used to reduce and monitor the effects of marine pollution including noise, light, and plastic pollution. Acoustic tracking can be effectively used to monitor the responses of marine biodiversity to human‐made infrastructures and habitat restoration, as well as to determine the effects of hypoxia, ocean warming, and acidification. Acoustic tracking has been historically used to inform fisheries management, the design of marine protected areas, and the detection of essential habitats, rendering this technique particularly attractive to achieve the sustainable fishing and spatial protection target goals of the SDG14. Finally, acoustic tracking can contribute to end illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing by providing tools to monitor marine biodiversity against poachers and promote the development of Small Islands Developing States and developing countries. To fully benefit from acoustic tracking supporting the SDG14 Targets, trans‐boundary collaborative efforts through tracking networks are required to promote ocean information sharing and ocean literacy. We therefore propose acoustic tracking and tracking networks as relevant contributors to tackle the scientific challenges that are necessary for a sustainable use of the ocean promoted by the United Nations.