bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causality in structural engineering: discovering new knowledge by tying induction and deduction via mapping functions and explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Naser M. Z. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCausality is the science of cause and effect. It is through causality that explanations can be derived, theories can be formed, and new knowledge can be discovered. This paper presents a modern look into establishing causality within structural engineering systems. In this pursuit, this paper starts with a gentle introduction to causality. Then, this paper pivots to contrast commonly adopted methods for inferring causes and effects, i.e., induction (empiricism) and deduction (rationalism), and outlines how these methods continue to shape our structural engineering philosophy and, by extension, our domain. The bulk of this paper is dedicated to establishing an approach and criteria to tie principles of induction and deduction to derive causal laws (i.e., mapping functions) through explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) capable of describing new knowledge pertaining to structural engineering phenomena. The proposed approach and criteria are then examined via a case study.
Does follower role orientation impact leader-directed outcomes? An exploration of the indirect effects of follower role orientation on influence and leader effectiveness
Authors: Goswami Ashita , Evans Karoline , Coyle Patrick T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFollower role orientations affect how followers approach the leadership process; however, there has been little insight into how individuals use these role beliefs to influence leader outcomes, particularly through their psychological and social leader-follower relationships. This research examines how co-production, passive, and anti-authoritarian follower role orientations affect a follower's influence on their leader and leader effectiveness indirectly through psychological closeness and relationship quality. The results from two studies suggest co-production role orientation had positive effects on influence on the leader through psychological closeness and on perceived leader effectiveness through closeness and leader-member exchange. Passive role orientation was negatively related to followers' influence on the leader through reduced psychological closeness in study 1, while anti-authoritarian role beliefs were negatively related to closeness in study 2. These findings suggest that when followers believe co-production is critical to the leadership process, closeness with the leader, relationship quality, and perceived leader effectiveness improve.
The unilateralization of international humanitarian law
Authors: Kleffner Jann K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTraditionally, international humanitarian law (IHL) is conceptualized as a body of mutually binding, horizontal international legal rules that are agreed upon by States and that govern the relationships between parties to armed conflicts. Yet, there is discernible evidence that contemporary IHL – and the broader normative environment that pertains to the regulation of armed conflicts in which it is situated – is incorporating elements of unilateralization, manifested in legal and non-legal norms that regulate armed conflicts taking the form of commitments whose validity is not dependent on being reciprocated. This article examines some of the systemic implications of unilateralization of IHL and considers its pitfalls and potential.
Identifying Eastern US Atmospheric River Types and Evaluating Historical Trends
Authors: Ramseyer Craig A. , Stanfield Tyler J. , Van Tol Zachary , Gingrich Tyler , Henry Parker , Forister Peter , Lamkin Bradley , Stackhouse Shakira , Sauda Samrin Samaiya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn atmospheric river (AR) is the primary moisture transport forcing in the Western United States, making ARs the predominant producer of extreme precipitation events in this region. A growing body of evidence suggests similar impacts for the Central and Eastern US This study determines the most prominent types of ARs in the Central and Eastern US study domain through the implementation of a machine learning methodology. Self‐organizing maps (SOMs) are leveraged to determine what “flavors” of ARs exist in the study domain. Four atmospheric river detection criteria are utilized to investigate the variability AR types. Mann‐Kendall trend analyses on AR strength and size are produced to evaluate changes over the study period. The results confirm extratropical cyclones as the most common driver of ARs, however, limited kinematic forcing can also instigate the development of AR events. Results show coastal cyclones and lee‐side cyclones are responsible for producing the strongest ARs. The trend analysis results suggest that ARs associated with Nor'easters and ARs originating in the Gulf of Mexico are exhibiting increasing trends in intensity and/or size. Increasing moisture transport by mature cyclones across the Central and Eastern US have important implications for flooding in highly populated corridors. Areas of concern include the Northeast and Southeast US, while localized enhancement of rainfall is seen along the eastern and southern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. In addition to the physical findings, this research highlights the importance and sensitivity of statistically significant results to the specific atmospheric river detection criteria that was leveraged.
Nutrient and Silicon Isotope Dynamics in the Laptev Sea and Implications for Nutrient Availability in the Transpolar Drift
Authors: Laukert G. , Grasse P. , Novikhin A. , Povazhnyi V. , Doering K. , Hölemann J. , Janout M. , Bauch D. , Kassens H. , Frank M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRealistic prediction of the near‐future response of Arctic Ocean primary productivity to ongoing warming and sea ice loss requires a mechanistic understanding of the processes controlling nutrient bioavailability. To evaluate continental nutrient inputs, biological utilization, and the influence of mixing and winter processes in the Laptev Sea, the major source region of the Transpolar Drift (TPD), we compare observed with preformed concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP), silicic acid (DSi), and silicon isotope compositions of DSi (δ30SiDSi) obtained for two summers (2013 and 2014) and one winter (2012). In summer, preformed nutrient concentrations persisted in the surface layer of the southeastern Laptev Sea, while diatom‐dominated utilization caused intense northward drawdown and a pronounced shift in δ30SiDSi from +0.91 to +3.82‰. The modeled Si isotope fractionation suggests that DSi in the northern Laptev Sea originated from the Lena River and was supplied during the spring freshet, while riverine DSi in the southeastern Laptev Sea was continuously supplied during the summer. Primary productivity fueled by river‐borne nutrients was enhanced by admixture of DIN‐ and DIP‐rich Atlantic‐sourced waters to the surface, either by convective mixing during the previous winter or by occasional storm‐induced stratification breakdowns in late summer. Substantial enrichments of DSi (+240%) and DIP (+90%) beneath the Lena River plume were caused by sea ice‐driven redistribution and remineralization. Predicted weaker stratification on the outer Laptev Shelf will enhance DSi utilization and removal through greater vertical DIN supply, which will limit DSi export and reduce diatom‐dominated primary productivity in the TPD.
Characterization and Geological Implications of Precambrian Calcite‐Hosted Phosphate
Authors: Richardson Jocelyn A. , Roest‐Ellis Sascha , Phillips Brian L. , Strauss Justin V. , Webb Samuel M. , Tosca Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractConstraints on marine phosphate availability and cycling directly inform our understanding of long‐term biological evolution. However, early Earth phosphate records are sparse, biased toward siliciclastic samples, and susceptible to post‐depositional modification. Well‐preserved shallow marine inorganic carbonate precipitates provide a complementary yet understudied record of phosphate cycling. We combined micro‐X‐ray fluorescence mapping, X‐ray absorption, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy on samples of Precambrian syndepositional herringbone calcite (HBC) and microspar to characterize phosphorus speciation and distribution in these carbonate fabrics. Phosphorus spectroscopy from synthetic calcite, HBC, and microspar, is qualitatively consistent with a disordered distribution of phosphate. These characteristics are diagnostic of calcite‐hosted phosphate, which is pervasive at low concentrations in HBC and microspar. This study provides evidence that ancient, well‐preserved carbonate fabrics retain phosphate sourced from seawater and highlights the potential for an unaltered archive of marine phosphate concentration over geologic time.
Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes in women with myeloproliferative neoplasms—a nationwide population-based study of 342 pregnancies in Sweden
Authors: Landtblom Anna Ravn , Andersson Therese M.-L. , Johansson Anna L. V. , Wendel Sophia Brismar , Lundberg Frida E. , Samuelsson Jan , Björkholm Magnus , Hultcrantz Malin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPregnancy and childbirth in women with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are reported to be associated with maternal thrombosis, hemorrhage, and placental dysfunction. To assess the risks of adverse events in pregnancy in women with MPN, we performed a large population-based study using Swedish health care registers, and included all pregnancies that had reached gestational week 22 (prior to 2008, week 28) during the years 1973–2017 in women with MPN. Control pregnancies were matched 1:1 for age, calendar year, and parity. We identified 342 pregnancies in 229 women with MPN. Preterm birth was significantly increased in pregnancies in MPN, 14% compared to 4% of pregnancies in controls (p < 0.001). Correspondingly, low birth weight (<2500 g) was also significantly increased in MPN pregnancies (p = 0.042). Stillbirth was rare, with two events (0.6%) in MPN, none in controls. Maternal thrombotic complications occurred in three (1%) of the pregnancies in MPN patients, compared to none in controls. Pregnancy-related bleeding affected 14% of pregnancies in MPN and 9% in controls (p < 0.110). Cesarean section was significantly more common in pregnancies in MPN. Incidence was 12.2 per 100.000 pregnancies. In summary, preterm birth was an important complication in MPN pregnancies, while maternal complications were less common than previously reported.
Early molecular markers of ventilator-associated pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage in preterm infants
Authors: Pinilla-Gonzalez Alejandro , Lara-Cantón Inmaculada , Torrejón-Rodríguez Laura , Parra-Llorca Anna , Aguar Marta , Kuligowski Julia , Piñeiro-Ramos José David , Sánchez-Illana Ángel , Navarro Ana Gimeno , Vento Máximo , Cernada María 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) constitutes a serious nosocomial infection. Our aim was to evaluate the reliability of cytokines and oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tracheal aspirates (TA) as early biomarkers of VAP in preterm infants.

Methods
Two cohorts were enrolled, one to select candidates and the other for validation. In both, we included preterms with suspected VAP, according to BALF culture, they were classified into confirmed VAP and no VAP. Concentration of 16 cytokines and 8 oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in BALF and TA was determined in all patients.

Results
In the first batch, IL-17A and TNF-α in BALF, and in the second one IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α in BALF were significantly higher in VAP patients. BALF TNF-α AUC in both cohorts was 0.86 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.88). No cytokine was shown to be predictive of VAP in TA. A statistically significant increase in the VAP group was found for glutathione sulfonamide (GSA) in BALF and TA.

Conclusions
TNF-α in BALF and GSA in BALF and TA were associated with VAP in preterm newborns; thus, they could be used as early biomarkers of VAP. Further studies with an increased number of patients are needed to confirm these results.

Impact

We found that TNF-α BALF and GSA in both BALF and TA are capable of discriminating preterm infants with VAP from those with pulmonary pathology without infection.

This is the first study in preterm infants aiming to evaluate the reliability of cytokines and oxidative stress/inflammation biomarkers in BALF and TA as early diagnostic markers of VAP. We have validated these results in two independent cohorts of patients. Previously studies have focused on full-term neonates and toddlers and determined biomarkers mostly in TA, but none was exclusively conducted in preterm infants.
Regulator of calcineurin 1 deletion attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in acute kidney injury through JNK/Mff signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Jing-Jie , Liu Qing , Li Ying , Peng Fang-Fang , Wang Shan , Zhang Zhihan , Liu Hui , Yu Hong , Tao Shengxiang , Zhang Bai-Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIschemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by excessive mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis, remains a clinical challenge. Recent studies suggest that regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) regulates mitochondrial function in different cell types, but the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. Herein, we aim to explore whether RCAN1 involves in mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI and the exact mechanism. In present study, AKI was induced by I/R and cisplatin in RCAN1flox/floxmice and mice with renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs)-specific deletion of RCAN1. The role of RCAN1 in hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) and cisplatin-induced injury in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 was also examined by overexpression and knockdown of RCAN1. Mitochondrial function was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, JC-1 staining, MitoSOX staining, ATP production, mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay, Annexin V-FITC staining and Western blotting analysis of apoptosis-related proteins. It was found that protein expression of RCAN1 was markedly upregulated in I/R- or cisplatin-induced AKI mouse models, as well as in HR models in HK-2 cells. RCAN1 deficiency significantly reduced kidney damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis, whereas RCAN1 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Our in-depth mechanistic exploration demonstrated that RCAN1 increases the phosphorylation of mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) by binding to downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), then promotes dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) migration to mitochondria, ultimately leads to excessive mitochondrial fission of renal TECs. In conclusion, our study suggests that RCAN1 could induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by activating the downstream JNK/Mff signaling pathway. RCAN1 may be a potential therapeutic target for conferring protection against I/R- or cisplatin-AKI.
Combination of T cell-redirecting bispecific antibody ERY974 and chemotherapy reciprocally enhances efficacy against non-inflamed tumours
Authors: Sano Yuji , Azuma Yumiko , Tsunenari Toshiaki , Kayukawa Yoko , Shinozuka Junko , Fujii Etsuko , Amano Jun , Nishito Yukari , Maruyama Toru , Kinoshita Yasuko , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Yoshida Ayae , Miyazaki Yoko , Sato Yuta , Teramoto-Seida Chifumi , Ishiguro Takahiro , Tanaka Takayoshi , Kitazawa Takehisa , Endo Mika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIdentifying a strategy with strong efficacy against non-inflamed tumours is vital in cancer immune therapy. ERY974 is a humanized IgG4 bispecific T cell-redirecting antibody that recognizes glypican-3 and CD3. Here we examine the combination effect of ERY974 and chemotherapy (paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine) in the treatment of non-inflamed tumours in a xenograft model. ERY974 monotherapy shows a minor antitumour effect on non-inflamed NCI-H446 xenografted tumours, as infiltration of ERY974-redirected T cells is limited to the tumour-stromal boundary. However, combination therapy improves efficacy by promoting T cell infiltration into the tumour centre, and increasing ERY974 distribution in the tumour. ERY974 increases capecitabine-induced cytotoxicity by promoting capecitabine conversion to its active form by inducing thymidine phosphorylase expression in non-inflamed MKN45 tumour through ERY974-induced IFNγ and TNFα in T cells. We show that ERY974 with chemotherapy synergistically and reciprocally increases antitumour efficacy, eradicating non-inflamed tumours.
Circuit analysis reveals a neural pathway for light avoidance in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Sorkaç Altar , Savva Yiannis A. , Savaş Doruk , Talay Mustafa , Barnea Gilad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how neural circuits underlie behaviour is challenging even in the connectome era because it requires a combination of anatomical and functional analyses. This is exemplified in the circuit underlying the light avoidance behaviour displayed by Drosophila melanogaster larvae. While this behaviour is robust and the nervous system relatively simple, the circuit is only partially delineated with some contradictions among studies. Here, we devise trans-Tango MkII, an offshoot of the transsynaptic circuit tracing tool trans-Tango, and implement it in anatomical tracing together with functional analysis. We use neuronal inhibition to test necessity of particular neuronal types in light avoidance and selective neuronal activation to examine sufficiency in rescuing light avoidance deficiencies exhibited by photoreceptor mutants. Our studies reveal a four-order circuit for light avoidance connecting the light-detecting photoreceptors with a pair of neuroendocrine cells via two types of clock neurons. This approach can be readily expanded to studying other circuits.
A proteomic and RNA-seq transcriptomic dataset of capsaicin-aggravated mouse chronic colitis model
Authors: Chen Kexin , Shen Silan , Chen Yiding , Jiang Mingshan , Hu Kehan , Zou Yuheng , Li Lili , Zeng Zhen , Ma Chunxiang , Dang Yuan , Zhang Hu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn inappropriate diet is a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is established that the consumption of spicy food containing capsaicin is strongly associated with the recurrence and worsening of IBD symptoms. Moreover, capsaicin can induce neutrophil accumulation in the lamina propria, contributing to disease deterioration. To uncover the potential signaling pathway involved in capsaicin-induced relapse and the effects of capsaicin on neutrophil activation, we performed proteomic analyses of intestinal tissues from chronic colitis mice following capsaicin administration and transcriptomic analyses of dHL-60 cells after capsaicin stimulation. Collectively, these multiomic analyses identified proteins and genes that may be involved in disease flares, thereby providing new insights for future research.
Non-relativistic molecular modified shifted Morse potential system
Authors: Onate C. A. , Okon I. B. , Vincent U. E. , Eyube E. S. , Onyeaju M. C. , Omugbe E. , Egharevba G. O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA shifted Morse potential model is modified to fit the study of the vibrational energies of some molecules. Using a traditional technique/methodology, the vibrational energy and the un-normalized radial wave functions were calculated for the modified shifted Morse potential model. The condition that fits the modified potential for molecular description were deduced together with the expression for the screening parameter. The vibrational energies of SiC, NbO, CP, PH, SiF, NH and Cs2 molecules were computed by inserting their respective spectroscopic constants into the calculated energy equation. It was shown that the calculated results for all the molecules agreement perfectly with the experimental RKR values. The present potential performs better than Improved Morse and Morse potentials for cesium dimer. Finally, the real Morse potential model was obtained as a special case of the modified shifted potential.
Thickness-dependent spin bistable transitions in single-crystalline molecular 2D material
Authors: Koptur-Palenchar John , Gakiya-Teruya Miguel , Le Duy , Jiang Jun , Zhang Rui , Jiang Xuanyuan , Cheng Hai-Ping , Rahman Talat S. , Shatruk Michael , Zhang Xiao-Xiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe advent of two-dimensional (2D) crystals has led to numerous scientific breakthroughs. Conventional 2D systems have in-plane covalent bonds and a weak out-of-plane van-der-Waals bond. Here we report a new type of 2D material composed of discrete magnetic molecules, where anisotropic van-der-Waals interactions bond the molecules into a 2D packing. Through mechanical exfoliation, we can obtain single-crystalline molecular monolayers, which can be readily integrated into other 2D systems. Optical spectroscopy suggests the few-layered molecules preserve the temperature-induced spin-crossover switching observed in the bulk form but show a drastic increase in thermal hysteresis unique to these thin 2D molecule assemblies. The trapping of spin bistability with decreasing layer number can arise from domain wall dynamics in reduced dimensions. Our results establish molecular solids with strong anisotropy of intermolecular interactions as precursors to a new class of 2D materials, affording possibilities to control molecular functionalities through substrate and interlayer interactions.
The antimicrobial peptide LI14 combats multidrug-resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Shi Jingru , Chen Chen , Wang Dejuan , Wang Zhiqiang , Liu Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens raises public fears of untreatable infections and represents a huge health risk. There is an urgent need to exploit novel antimicrobial agents. Due to the unique mechanisms, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a low probability to achieve resistance are regarded as potential antibiotic alternatives to address this issue. Herein, we develop a panel of synthetic peptide compounds with novel structures based on the database filters technology (DFT), and the lead peptide LI14 shows potent antibacterial activity against all tested drug-resistant bacteria. LI14 exhibits rapid bactericidal activity and excellent anti-biofilm and -persisters activity, simultaneously showing a low propensity to induce resistance. Moreover, LI14 shows tolerance against pH, temperatures, and pepsin treatment, and no detectable toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that LI14 induces membrane damage by targeting bacterial-specific membrane components and dissipates the proton motive force (PMF), thereby resulting in metabolic perturbations and the accumulation of toxic metabolic products. Furthermore, LI14 sensitizes clinically relevant antibiotics against MDR bacteria. In animal models of infection, LI14 or combined with antibiotics are effective against drug-resistant pathogens. These findings suggest that LI14 is a promising antibiotic candidate to tackle MDR bacterial infections.