bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program implementation and outcomes from three cohorts of the nurse‐family partnership nurse residency program
Authors: Harpin Scott B. , Artmann Amy L. A. , Neal Michelle , Robertson Glenda , Barton Amy J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to describe a Nurse‐Family Partnership (NFP) Nurse Residency Program (NRP) and program outcomes.MethodsDual methods were used to evaluate the first three cohorts of the NFP NRP. Participants were new NFP nurses, most working in Colorado. Pre‐(n = 42) and post‐program (n = 26) surveys were completed using the Individual Workplace Perception Scale (IWPS) and endorsement of program objectives; key informant interviews were done with the initial cohort. Descriptive statistics and unpaired t‐tests (for the IWPS) were used to explain program effectiveness and efficacy.ResultsForty‐two NFP nurses participated in the program at the onset. There was consistent attendance (92% or more) among those who finished and modest individual attrition during the length of the program. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the content and meeting program objectives; there were no significant differences on pre‐ and post‐program IWPS scores.ConclusionsThe program was well‐received by program participants and has the potential to contribute to the professional development of new NFP nurses.
Parafoveal words can modulate sentence meaning: Electrophysiological evidence from an RSVP‐with‐flanker task
Authors: Li Nan , Dimigen Olaf , Sommer Werner , Wang Suiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring natural reading, readers can take up some visual information from not‐yet‐fixated words to the right of the current fixation and it is well‐established that this parafoveal preview facilitates the subsequent foveal processing of the word. However, the extraction and integration of word meaning from parafoveal words and their possible influence on the semantic content of the sentence are controversial. In the current study, we recorded event‐related potentials (ERPs) in the RSVP‐with‐flankers paradigm to test whether and how updates of sentential meaning, based only on parafoveal information, may influence the subsequent foveal processing. In Chinese sentences, the congruency of parafoveal and foveal target words with the sentence was orthogonally manipulated. In contrast to previous research, we also controlled for potentially confounding effects of parafoveal‐to‐foveal repetition priming (identity preview effects) on the N400. Crucially, we found that the classic effect of foveal congruency on the N400 component only appeared when the word in preview had been congruent with sentence meaning; in contrast, there was no N400 as a function of foveal incongruency when the preview word had also been incongruent. These results indicate that sentence meaning rapidly adapts to parafoveal preview, altering the semantic context for the subsequently fixated word. We also show that correct parafoveal preview generally attenuates the N400 once a word is fixated, regardless of congruency. Taken together, our findings underline the highly generative and adaptive framework of language comprehension.
A review on the pathogenic bacterium Nocardia seriolae: aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and vaccine development
Authors: Liu Yansheng , Chen Guoquan , Xia Liqun , Lu Yishan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNocardia seriolae, a gram‐positive branching filamentous bacterium, is the causative agent of fish nocardiosis. It mainly infects fish through gills, anus, lateral line or surface injury, resulting in a large number of white nodules in visceral organs and skin ulcerations. N. seriolae can infect about 42 species of fish and severely harm the aquaculture industry in many regions, particularly in Asia. Aiming to have a more comprehensive understanding about N. seriolae, the literature of N. seriolae before January 2022 was collected by searching nine databases and the current knowledge of the host diversity, drug resistance, genotype and phenotype, virulence factor, molecular detection and vaccine development of N. seriolae was summarized in this review. The future studies of N. seriolae are also prospected in order to help the research on the pathogenic mechanism and control of N. seriolae infection.
Physical–cyber–human framework‐based resilience evaluation toward urban power system: Case study from China
Authors: Wang Fengjuan , Yan Jinyue , Xu Jiuping , Yan Zhouxingyu , Chen Dan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBecause the increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events have significantly challenged power systems, there has been an increased interest in resilient power systems. This article establishes a multicriteria resilience evaluation framework for urban power systems from a physical–cyber–human system perspective, in which the two principal elements responsible for power system function degradation are described, the three major domains comprising urban power systems are explained, four core capacities that positively contribute to power system resilience are proposed, and 15 (11 objective and four subjective) power system resilience evaluation indicators are identified. Fuzzy hesitant judgment and a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) aggregation method are employed to minimize the expert divergence and maximize the group consensus. A validation method is designed and a comparison with commonly applied performance‐based and attributes‐based evaluation methods is conducted. The applicability of the evaluation framework is verified using data from four Chinese municipalities: Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, and Tianjin. It was found that Shanghai's resilience was the best, and Chongqing's physical resistance disadvantages would result in the greatest difficulties in coping with extreme event disturbances. Physical, cyber, and human domain resilience enhancement strategies are given for different cities separately. This study provides a practical tool to evaluate, compare, and enhance power system resilience for governments and public utilities.
Donor with HLA‐C2 is associated with acute rejection following liver transplantation in Southern Chinese
Authors: Chen Rui , Yi Huimin , Zhen Jianxin , Fan Mingming , Xiao Lulu , Yu Qiong , Yang Zhichao , Ning Li , Deng Zhihui , Chen Guihua 
Published: May 2022

Apart from presenting peptides to T cells, class I HLA molecules serve as ligands for killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIRs) and regulate the response of natural killer (NK) cells. The role played by HLA and KIR in the acute rejection (AR) following liver transplantation has been controversial. In this retrospective study, we assessed the influence of class I HLA alleles, HLA matching between donor–recipient pairs, recipient KIR and donor HLA ligands on AR following liver transplantation in southern Chinese. In total, 143 recipients and 78 donors obtained from a single transplant center were included in the study cohort. Thirty‐three recipients with histologically confirmed AR were observed. We found that the incidence of AR did not correlate with donor or recipient class I HLA alleles and HLA matching. Neither recipient KIR gene nor the KIR genotype was associated with AR, moreover, high‐resolution genotyping of 14 functional KIR genes of recipients showed that no KIR allele was independently associated with AR. However, the frequency of HLA‐C2+ donor significantly increased in AR group compared with NAR group (52.9% vs. 24.6%, p = 0.03). In the presence of HLA‐C2 by the donor allograft, AR was more frequently observed in recipients with normal expressed KIR2DS4 (43.8% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.03). Donor with HLA‐C2 is therefore a major determinant of AR, which can confer risk effect in liver transplantation. Our findings can provide valuable clues for better understanding pathogenesis of AR and have important clinical implications in liver transplantation for Chinese.
Explainable spatiotemporal reasoning for geospatial intelligence applications
Authors: Duckham Matt , Gabela Jelena , Kealy Allison , Khan Mustafizur , Legg Jonathan , Moran Bill , Rumi Shakila Khan , Salim Flora D. , Sharmeen Shaila , Tao Yaguang , Trentelman Kerry , Vasardani Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article explores the design, implementation, and querying of a prototype system for automated spatial reasoning for geospatial intelligence applications, called NEXUS. The system combines multiple different reasoning components that can support a wide range of spatiotemporal queries. Fundamental to the requirements of intelligence analysts is the need to provide explanations of system outputs that help better inform users and engender trust in the system. The NEXUS architecture leverages semantic web technologies, and in particular the Simple Event Model and PROV‐O ontologies, to support queries not only about reasoner inferences, but also explanations as to why the system arrived at a particular conclusion. The manipulation of location reports in marine automatic identification system (AIS) data is used as a running example to demonstrate the approach. The range of queries developed illustrates both the detection of suspicious activities and explanations of the inference processes used to identify those activities.
Enabling Medicago truncatula forward genetics: identification of genetic crossing partner for R108 and development of mapping resources for Tnt1 mutants
Authors: Cheng Xiaofei , Xie Hongli , Zhang Kuihua , Wen Jiangqi 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYThough Medicago truncatula Tnt1 mutants are widely used by researchers in the legume community, they are mainly used for reverse genetics because of the availability of the BLAST‐searchable large‐scale flanking sequence tags database. However, these mutants should have also been used extensively for forward genetic screens, an effort that has been hindered due to the lack of a compatible genetic crossing partner for the M. truncatula genotype R108, from which Tnt1 mutants were generated. In this study, we selected three Medicago HapMap lines (HM017, HM018 and HM022) and performed reciprocal genetic crosses with R108. After phenotypic analyses in F1 and F2 progenies, HM017 was identified as a compatible crossing partner with R108. By comparing the assembled genomic sequences of HM017 and R108, we developed and confirmed 318 Indel markers evenly distributed across the eight chromosomes of the M. truncatula genome. To validate the effectiveness of these markers, by employing the map‐based cloning approach, we cloned the causative gene in the dwarf mutant crs isolated from the Tnt1 mutant population, identifying it as gibberellin 3‐β‐dioxygenase 1, using some of the confirmed Indel markers. The primer sequences and the size difference of each marker were made available for users in the web‐based database. The identification of the crossing partner for R108 and the generation of Indel markers will enhance the forward genetics and the overall usage of the Tnt1 mutants.
Prophylactic efficacy of intravenous paracetamol administration to reduce the incidence of post‐operative ocular hypertension in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification: A pilot study
Authors: Bradley Claire , Manchip Katherine , Sansom Philip G. , Carter Wallace J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether intravenous administration of paracetamol can prevent postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) in dogs following routine phacoemulsification.MethodsDiabetic and non‐diabetic patients (total 54 dogs) undergoing unilateral or bilateral phacoemulsification were recruited to this placebo‐controlled, prospective study. The control group received 1 ml/kg saline via intravenous infusion while the treatment group received 10 mg/kg paracetamol via intravenous infusion. Infusions were administered 30 min prior to surgery and repeated 12 h following initial administration. All patients received topical latanoprost at the conclusion of surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before premedication (baseline), and at 1 h, 3 h, 5 h and 18 h following extubation. POH was defined as an IOP above 25 mmHg (POH25). In addition, the number of patients with an IOP exceeding 20 mmHg was analyzed (POH20).ResultsPOH20 occurred in 33 of 54 animals (61.1%), including 19 of 25 animals (76.0%) in the control group and 14 of 29 animals (55.2%) in the treatment group. POH25 occurred in 23 of 44 animals (52.3%), including 13 of 25 animals (52.0%) in the control group and 10 of 29 animals (34.5%) in the treatment group. Paracetamol administration showed a significant positive effect on reducing the incidence of POH20 (p = .048), but not POH25 (p = .221).ConclusionsWhen comparing groups, treatment with paracetamol showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of POH20, although no differences were observed in the incidence of POH25 between groups. Further studies are warranted to explore whether alternative drug regimes or routes of administration can provide enhanced efficacy in the prevention of POH25.
A prospective, masked, randomized, controlled superiority study comparing the incidence of corneal injury following general anesthesia in dogs with two methods of corneal protection
Authors: Ioannides Joy , Parker Josie , Kumaratunga Vim , Preston Juliette , Donaldson David , MacFarlane Paul , Hartley Claudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the incidence of corneal injury during general anesthesia (GA) and the immediate post‐operative period in eyes protected with topical ocular lubricant alone with eyes protected with topical lubricant followed by complete eyelid closure using tape.Animals StudiedOne hundred client‐owned dogs (200 eyes) undergoing GA for MRI scan.MethodsPatients had ocular lubricant applied to both eyes upon induction of anesthesia. One eye was taped closed immediately after induction for the duration of anesthesia using Strappal® tape (BSN medical™; treatment group), and the other eye was not taped (control group). Eyes were randomly allocated to a treatment group. Ophthalmic examination was performed before and after anesthesia; the examiner was masked to eye treatment groups. Corneal injury was defined as corneal ulceration or corneal erosion. A McNemar's test was used to compare the incidence of corneal injury between groups. A paired‐samples t‐test was used to compare Schirmer‐1 tear test (STT‐1) readings between groups.ResultsSixteen eyes (8%) developed corneal erosion. No corneal ulceration occurred. There was no significant difference between incidence of corneal erosion between groups (p = .454). There was a significant decrease in STT‐1 readings following GA in both groups (p < .001), with no significant difference in STT‐1 between groups (p = .687). No adverse effects of taping the eye closed were observed.ConclusionTaping the eyes closed during GA had no additional benefit to the lubrication protocol used in this study.
RHDalleles contributing to serologically weak D phenotypes in China: A single‐centre study over 10 years
Authors: Ye Luyi , Li Minghao , Yang Qixiu , Zhu Ziyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn cases of serologically weak D phenotypes,RHDgenotyping may identify discrepant serotyping results and protect the patient against allogeneic immunization. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of weak D alleles in China.Materials and MethodsWe collected samples carrying weak D antigen during a 10‐year period from 2005 to 2014. The intensity and epitopes of D were analysed serologically. Genomic DNA was extracted and used forRHDsequencing and heterozygote analysis. In particular, an in vitro expression method for functional verification of the rare and novel in‐frame deletion mutation was developed and then combined with homologous modelling results for analysis.ResultsWe studied a total of 283 weak D samples from volunteer blood donors and identified 45RHDalleles among them, 11 of which were reported for the first time. Ten (3.5%) samples surprisingly carried DEL allelic variants and as many as 40 (14.1%) carried the wild‐typeRHDgenotype. Combination of the results of functional experiments and in silico analysis suggested that the rare in‐frame deletion mutation may reduce the expression of D antigen by affecting the RhD protein structure.ConclusionsThis study provides an enhanced overview of the distribution characteristics ofRHDalleles in Chinese subjects with serologically weak D. An in vitro method to predict the biological significance of variantRHDalleles was also provided. We found inconsistent genotyping and phenotypic results in some samples, indicating the existence of additional regulatory mechanisms.
Scale Effects on Performance of BLDC Micromotors for Internal Biomedical Applications: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Villalba-Alumbreros Gabriel , Moron-Alguacil Carlos , Fernandez-Munoz Miguel , Valiente-Blanco Ignacio , Diez-Jimenez Efren 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Micromotors can be used to build up complex microtools for internal medical applications as, for example, steerable catheters or optical and ultrasonic imaging system. The thinner and smaller the micromotors are, the less invasive is the implantation. However, miniaturization of motors implies some limitations in torque, speed, and efficiency. This paper theoretically analyzes the scale effects on torque, efficiency, and thermal behavior of high torque permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motors with ferromagnetic core coils operating in different in-body environment. Using a finite element model of a two-phase BLDC motor, scalability laws are provided for diameters between 0.1 and 100 mm and current densities between 1 and 1000 A/mm2. Based on the impact of the cogging torque and overheating of the motor, scale-dependent operational limits are calculated. Operational threshold can be determined at the point where cogging torque becomes dominating over total torque, limiting the use of traditional iron-core motors in the microscale. Current density limits are provided based on three representative in-body thermal scenarios: respiratory tract, body fluid, and blood torrent. Maximum current densities and corresponding torque and efficiency have been obtained for different micromotor sizes considering safe in-body temperature operation as threshold. It is demonstrated that micromotors of sizes down to 0.1 mm diameter could be used in internal body environments with acceptable performance.
Pressure Drop Model and Jet Features of Ultra High Pressure Water Jet for Downhole Intensifier
Authors: Wang Huajian , Liao Hualin , Wei Jun , Liu Yongwang , Niu Wenlong , Latham John-Paul , Xiang Jiansheng , Liu Jiansheng , Chen Jingkai 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Existing models can hardly provide a reliable guidance in designing intensifier utilizing axial vibration energy of drill strings. The formation process of jet and the pulsation characteristics of flow field had not been reported. Therefore, a new model combined plunger movement and nozzle pressure drop is proposed. The jet formation process, characteristic of water jet distribution, pressurization performance, and impinging pressure under different parameters were studied based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The results show that there is a good agreement between the model and the CFD. Increasing the plunger diameter can prolong the holding time of the high-pressure water jet and increase the peak pressure, but it does not affect the pressurization period, which is mainly influenced by the spring. There are three representative stages observed in the forming process of high-pressure water jet, and in stable potential core stage, the inlet pressure does not affect the length of potential core, which is about seven times the nozzle diameter. The impinging pressure decreases with the radial distance, the maximum of which is at the center of the jet. The stand-off distance should be less than 7d, otherwise the impinging pressure will decrease sharply. The research can provide a reference for the optimal design of intensifier and will be beneficial for downhole pressurized jet-assisted drilling techniques.
Design and Parametric Analysis of a Mach 4 Wind Tunnel for SSLCs Studies
Authors: Zaheer Syed Qasim , Disimile Peter J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of shear sensitive liquid crystals (SSLCs) provides a nonintrusive technique for accurate visualization and quantification of shear stress on surfaces under investigation. However, investigations using liquid crystal involving supersonic and hypersonic flows poses specific requirements for the design of wind tunnel. These constraints are pertaining to time response, erosion, and repeated application of the layer of SSLCs on the model surface as well as its sensitivity to wall temperature under the influence of high-speed flows. In this research, the Mach 4 wind tunnel facility is designed using existing empirical, semi-empirical methods and detailed literature survey and is analyzed numerically in ansysfluent 19.0 environment using transient k–ω shear stress transport Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model. The influence of geometric contouring of converging section of the supersonic nozzle on the reservoir pressure requirement to establish a M = 4 flow condition in test section is also analyzed. The iterative design method is adopted for the supersonic diffuser section of the wind tunnel where different geometric parameters are varied to achieve higher diffuser efficiency as well as minimum startup time requirement. The parametric study is carried out to ascertain the factors influencing test section wall shear stress during wind tunnel startup process and a novel approach is explored in which the Coanda effect is generated to keep the jet emanating from the supersonic nozzle away from the applied SSLC layer, thereby reducing its erosion effect. Furthermore, the influence of the location of a diaphragm for the partially ruptured case on the wind tunnel startup is also critically analyzed.
The cohomology class of the mod 4 braid group
Authors: Nakamura Trevor 
Published: May 2022

The mod 4 braid group, [Formula: see text], is defined to be the quotient of the braid group by the subgroup of the pure braid group generated by squares of all elements, [Formula: see text]. Kordek and Margalit proved [Formula: see text] is an extension of the symmetric group by [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we construct a 2-cocycle in the group cohomology of the symmetric group with twisted coefficients classifying [Formula: see text]. We show this cocycle is the mod 2 reduction of the 2-cocycle corresponding to the extension of the symmetric group by the abelianization of the pure braid group. We also construct the 2-cocycle corresponding to this second extension and show that it represents an order two element in the cohomology of the symmetric group. Furthermore, we give presentations for both extensions and a normal generating set for [Formula: see text].