bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying synergies and trade-offs in the global water-land-food-climate nexus using a multi-model scenario approach
Authors: Doelman Jonathan C , Beier Felicitas D , Stehfest Elke , Bodirsky Benjamin L , Beusen Arthur H W , Humpenöder Florian , Mishra Abhijeet , Popp Alexander , van Vuuren Detlef P , de Vos Lotte , Weindl Isabelle , van Zeist Willem-Jan , Kram Tom 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The human-earth system is confronted with the challenge of providing a range of resources for a growing and more prosperous world population while simultaneously reducing environmental degradation. The sustainable development goals and the planetary boundaries define targets to manage this challenge. Many of these are linked to the land system, such as biodiversity, water, food, nutrients and climate, and are strongly interconnected. A key question is how measures can be designed in the context of multi-dimensional sustainability targets to exploit synergies. To address this, a nexus approach is adopted that acknowledges the interconnectedness between the important sub-systems water, land, food, and climate. This study quantifies synergies and trade-offs from ambitious interventions in different components of this water-land-fod-climate nexus at the global scale. For this purpose, a set of six harmonized scenarios is simulated with the MAgPIE and IMAGE models. The multi-model approach improves robustness of the results while shedding light on variations coming from different modelling approaches. Our results show that measures in the food component towards healthy diets with low meat consumption have synergies with all other nexus dimensions: Increased natural land improving terrestrial biodiversity (+4% to +8%), lower greenhouse gas emissions from land (−45% to −58%), reduced irrigation water withdrawals to protect or restore hydrological environmental flows (−3% to −24%), and reductions in nitrogen surpluses (−23% to −35%). Climate mitigation measures in line with the Paris Agreement have trade-offs with the water and food components of the nexus, as they adversely affect irrigation water withdrawals (+5% to +30% in 2050 compared to reference scenario) and food prices (+1% to +20%). The analysis of a scenario combining all measures reveals how certain measures are in conflict while others reinforce each other. This study provides an example of a nexus approach to scenario analysis providing input to the next generation of pathways aiming to achieve multiple dimensions of sustainable development.
Bundling regions for promoting Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Wu Xutong , Liu Jianguo , Fu Bojie , Wang Shuai , Wei Yongping , Li Yingjie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The needs and capacities to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) differ across regions and nations, but little research has been done to investigate their similarities and differences. Here, we proposed using SDG bundles (i.e. groups of regions with similar performances on all individual SDGs) to classify regions when assessing SDG progress and applied the method at the provincial level in China from 2000 to 2015. Five SDG bundles with distinct characteristics were identified. The dominant bundles changed from ‘poor performance for all SDGs’ in 2000 to ‘high scores for environmental and some social SDGs and intermediate scores for others’ and ‘low scores for environmental SDGs but high scores for others’ in 2015, indicating the overall improvement of China’s sustainable development level. However, no bundle had relatively high scores in all SDGs, implying that China has much work left to do. Changes in the SDG bundles across space and time were related to regional socioeconomic development, climate, and geographic conditions. This study sheds light on identifying regions’ strengths and weaknesses in achieving all SDGs, which can inform targeted sustainability actions for regions within certain SDG bundles and promote collaborations among regions with different bundles.
Numerical Investigation on Motion Responses of Floating Structures by Application of Swarm Intelligence
Authors: Abdullah S F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In presence of complex-hydrodynamic interaction between water waves and floating structures, a reliable method that can analyse nonlinear structural properties is necessarily required. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the moored floating structures by application of swarm intelligence (SI). Here, a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with various swarm parameters are proposed to solve systems of sparse-nonlinear equations for the surge, heave, and pitch motion responses by considering distorted wave motion. In addition, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) programme is developed using Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. Various wave parameters including a set of optimization criteria have been taken into account in a complete optimization simulation, where the optimum solutions are then selected at each numerical iteration. Meanwhile, the computed results of surge, heave, and pitch motions will be qualitatively validated, in which they are then visualized using CFD approach. The results show that the integrated SI-CFD model can simulate fairly well on hydrodynamics of floating structures with reasonable computational efficiency. Harnessing computational intelligence into a novel design concept of floating structures can serve as useful engineering decision-making tool.
Incorporating Environmentally-Responsive EFL Pedagogy in English-as-a-Foreign Language Classrooms: Paving the Way for Global Impact
Authors: Jung C D , Dos Santos L M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The current rate of unprecedented global environmental degradation demonstrates that there is an urgent need to more strongly integrate Environmental Education in educational institutions around the world. For almost 40 years, Environmental Education has been implemented in various forms and depths in classrooms worldwide. English-as-a-Foreign Language classrooms in particular are becoming increasingly used as the medium for teaching environmental and sustainable education. However, the increase in global environmental degradation over the decades is evidence that current approaches in teaching environmental science and sustainability concepts is heavily insufficient. Part of the reason seems to be that many language teachers struggle to find the most effective ways to integrate Environmental Education concepts with improving students’ language proficiency skills. Thus, there is a need for a practical framework to guide teachers for effective implementation of environmental and sustainability concepts in the English-as-a-Foreign Language classroom. In this paper, the historical background and current issues associated with Environmental Education are presented, the benefits of combining Environmental Education with English-as-a-Foreign Language are explained, and a global need for English-as-a-Foreign Language classrooms to adopt an environmentally-responsive pedagogy for practice are discussed.
Influence of laser texturing pre-treatment on HVOF-sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr+GNP coatings on AISI 304
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Verma Rajeev , Chauhan Kundan , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) is one of the most important thermal spraying techniques for protective coating on pristine alloy surfaces by cermet feedstock powders. In the article, grit blasting before HVOF coating is replaced by laser texturing to create specific roughness and deterministic cavities pattern for better mechanical interlocking of deposited WC-10Co-4Cr + 3% Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) on AISI 304 Steel Substrate. Two geometries; first one is Circular texturing (CT) of diameter (d) 100 μm and pitch (p) 120 μm, second is triangular texturing (TT) of side (s) 100 μm and side to side (ss) distance 120 μm have been used. Various testing measures; like surface roughness, XRD analysis, FESEM image analysis, EDS analysis, lattice strain and residual stress, scratch test, Vickers hardness test on coating and base substrate cross-section, and pin-on-disc test for sliding wear behaviour have been performed. After these coating characterizations, it was found that the lattice strain and residual stress decreases significantly, the micro-hardness of the cross-section improved, the adhesion strength of the coating was enhanced and a low sliding wear rate on the coated surface was observed. Uniform distribution of feedstock powder on the surface but higher porosity on the TT surface showed by FESEM image analysis and a large number of cracks observed during scratch tests at higher load.
Predicting the binding of small molecules to nuclear receptors using machine learning
Authors: Ramaprasad Azhagiya Singam Ettayapuram , Smith Martyn T , McCoy David , Hubbard Alan E , La Merrill Michele A , Durkin Kathleen A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNuclear receptors (NRs) are important biological targets of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Identifying chemicals that can act as EDCs and modulate the function of NRs is difficult because of the time and cost of in vitro and in vivo screening to determine the potential hazards of the 100 000s of chemicals that humans are exposed to. Hence, there is a need for computational approaches to prioritize chemicals for biological testing. Machine learning (ML) techniques are alternative methods that can quickly screen millions of chemicals and identify those that may be an EDC. Computational models of chemical binding to multiple NRs have begun to emerge. Recently, a Nuclear Receptor Activity (NuRA) dataset, describing experimentally derived small-molecule activity against various NRs has been created. We have used the NuRA dataset to develop an ensemble of ML-based models to predict the agonism, antagonism, binding and effector binding of small molecules to nine different human NRs. We defined the applicability domain of the ML models as a measure of Tanimoto similarity to the molecules in the training set, which enhanced the performance of the developed classifiers. We further developed a user-friendly web server named ‘NR-ToxPred’ to predict the binding of chemicals to the nine NRs using the best-performing models for each receptor. This web server is freely accessible at http://nr-toxpred.cchem.berkeley.edu. Users can upload individual chemicals using Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System, CAS numbers or sketch the molecule in the provided space to predict the compound’s activity against the different NRs and predict the binding mode for each.
Defining core patient descriptors for perforated peptic ulcer research: international Delphi
Authors:   PPU CDS collaborators, Lamidi S , Williams K M , Hind D , Peckham-Cooper A , Miller A S , Smith A M , Saha A , Macutkiewicz C , Griffiths E A , Catena F , Coccolini F , Toogood G , Tierney G M , Boyd-Carson H , Sartelli M , Blencowe N S , Lockwood S , Coe P O , Lee M J , Barreto S G , Drake T , Gachabayov M , Hill J , Ioannidis O , Lostoridis E , Mehraj A , Negoi I , Pata F , Steenkamp C , Ahmed S , Alin V , Al-Rashedy M , Atici S D , Bains L , Bandyopadhyay S K , Baraket O , Bates T , Beral D , Brown L , Buonomo L , Burke D , Caravaglios G , Ceresoli M , Chapman S J , Cillara N , Clarke R , Colak E , Daniels S , Demetrashvili Z , Di Carlo I , Duff S , Dziakova J , Elliott J A , El Zalabany T , Engledow A , Ewnte B , Fraga G P , George R , Giuffrida M , Glasbey J , Isik A , Kechagias A , Kenington C , Kessel B , Khokha V , Kong V , Laloë P , Litvin A , Lostoridis E , Marinis A , Martínez-Pérez A , Menzies D , Mills R , Monzon B I , Morgan R , Neri V , Nita G E , Perra T , Perrone G , Porcu A , Poskus T , Premnath S , Sall I , Sarma D R , Slavchev M , Spence G , Tarasconi A , Tolonen M , Toro A , Venn M L , Vimalachandran D , Wheldon L , Zakaria A D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) remains a common condition globally with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous work has demonstrated variation in reporting of patient characteristics in PPU studies, making comparison of studies and outcomes difficult. The aim of this study was to standardize the reporting of patient characteristics, by creating a core descriptor set (CDS) of important descriptors that should be consistently reported in PPU research.

Methods
Candidate descriptors were identified through systematic review and stakeholder proposals. An international Delphi exercise involving three survey rounds was undertaken to obtain consensus on key patient characteristics for future research. Participants rated items on a scale of 1–9 with respect to their importance. Items meeting a predetermined threshold (rated 7–9 by over 70 per cent of stakeholders) were included in the final set and ratified at a consensus meeting. Feedback was provided between rounds to allow refinement of ratings.

Results
Some 116 clinicians were recruited from 29 countries. A total of 63 descriptors were longlisted from the literature, and 27 were proposed by stakeholders. After three survey rounds and a consensus meeting, 27 descriptors were included in the CDS. These covered demographic variables and co-morbidities, risk factors for PPU, presentation and pathway factors, need for organ support, biochemical parameters, prognostic tools, perforation details, and surgical history.

Conclusion
This study defines the core descriptive items for PPU research, which will allow more robust synthesis of studies.
Cribriform-type adenocarcinoma of the colorectum: comprehensive molecular analyses of a distinctive histologic subtype of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yamada Shun , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Eizuka Makoto , Hashimoto Mai , Uesugi Noriyuki , Yanagawa Naoki , Otsuka Koki , Suzuki Hiromu , Matsumoto Takayuki , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) is characterized by marked heterogeneity and may be composed of an admixture of various histologic patterns, including well-formed gland and cribriform types. Although tumors displaying a prominent or predominant cribriform feature are frequently found in CRA, this type may contain specific histologic variants with a characteristic molecular alteration. We investigated the molecular features of 51 primary CRAs with a predominant cribriform histology using array-based analyses [somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs); mRNA expression]. Mutations (TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF) and DNA methylation status were also analyzed. The crypt isolation method was used to obtain isolated tumor glands of each type separately. All patients were classified by their CRA histologic subtype into two groups: well-formed gland and cribriform. Next, we performed cluster analysis to stratify SCNA and mRNA expression patterns between the two subtypes. Two distinctive subgroups were stratified based on patterns of SCNA and mRNA expression and were correlated with each histologic subtype. The cribriform type was characterized by a high frequency of SCNA compared with that of the well-formed gland type and was closely associated with the expression of specific mRNAs. In addition, the frequency of KRAS mutation was significantly higher in the cribriform type than in the well-formed gland type. Finally, there was no difference in DNA methylation status between the two subtypes. Overall, these data suggest that the cribriform type provides important insights into colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting specific potential histologic implications based on the molecular profile.
Disseminated Aspergillus lentulus Infection in a Heart Transplant Recipient: A Case Report
Authors: Shivasabesan Gowri , Logan Bentley , Brennan Xavier , Lau Cindy , Vaze Anagha , Bennett Michael , Gorrie Natasha , Mirdad Feras , Deveza Ricardo , Koo Chung Mo , McCluskey Peter , Macdonald Peter , Marriott Deborah , Muthiah Kavitha , Dharan Nila P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present the first published case of successfully treated disseminated Aspergillus lentulus infection in a solid organ transplant recipient with invasive pulmonary disease, endophthalmitis, and a cerebral abscess. This case highlights important challenges associated with treating A. lentulus, particularly regarding antifungal resistance and toxicities associated with long-term antifungal therapy.
Offshore, re-shore, re-offshore: what happened to global manufacturing location between 2007 and 2014?
Authors: Gao Xiang , Hewings Geoffrey J D , Yang Cuihong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe global manufacturing location is a dynamic result of competing relocation patterns (i.e., offshoring, re-shoring and re-offshoring). This paper proposes a systematic approach to simultaneously measuring the magnitude of those relocation patterns, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing measurements and establishing a data foundation for capturing the process-specific, industry-specific and country-specific features in different relocation patterns. The empirical evidence prior to 2014 confirms that: (i) re-shoring is more likely to be adopted in capital- or technology-intensive manufacturing; (ii) manufacturing production previously offshored to the high-income economies is much more locationally flexible and (iii) re-shoring, especially that in the labour-intensive industries, is more likely to happen with a higher degree of proximity between countries.
Uric acid lowering for slowing CKD progression after the CKD-FIX trial: a solved question or still a dilemma?
Authors: Leoncini Giovanna , Barnini Cecilia , Manco Luca , Nobili Giulia , Dotta Daniele , Penso Martina , Russo Elisa , Cappadona Francesca , Viazzi Francesca , Pontremoli Roberto 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Hyperuricemia has been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and is a well-known predictor of kidney disease. In vitro studies as well as animal models highlighted a role for uric acid in the development and progression of haemodynamic and tissue damage at the renal level leading to glomerular and tubulointerstitial abnormalities. Urate-lowering treatment, especially by xanthine oxidase inhibitors, has been proposed in order to improve kidney outcomes. However, recent randomized controlled trials failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of allopurinol or febuxostat on renal disease, casting doubts on the role of this therapeutical approach to improve nephroprotection. We provide a critical overview of current literature on this topic and offer a possible interpretation of results from recent intervention trials with urate-lowering treatment on renal outcomes.
Prescription patterns of sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate in patients with hyperkalemia and chronic kidney disease receiving RAAS inhibitors
Authors: Ren Hongru , Leon Silvia J , Whitlock Reid , Rigatto Claudio , Komenda Paul , Bohm Clara , Collister David , Tangri Navdeep 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Sodium and calcium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS/CPS) cation-exchange resins have had long-standing clinical use for hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, uncertainty exists regarding the real-world usage of SPS/CPS for acute and chronic management of hyperkalemia. We evaluated the prescription patterns of SPS/CPS and their impact on renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) treatment in patients with CKD Stages G3–G5 after an episode of de novo hyperkalemia.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using population-level administrative databases in Manitoba, Canada, which included adults with CKD and a RAASi prescription who had an episode of de novo hyperkalemia (≥5.5 mmol/L) between January 2007 and December 2017.

Results
A total of 10 009 individuals were included in our study cohort. Among the study population, 4% received an SPS/CPS prescription within 30 days of their hyperkalemia episode. Of those, 22% received a 1-day supply of SPS/CPS and 7% received a prescription for more than 30 days. There were 8145 patients using RAASi at baseline who survived 90 days after their first hyperkalemia episode. Of those, 1447 (18%) discontinued their RAAS inhibitor and 339 (5%) received a prescription of SPS/CPS. Also, the proportion of patients who discontinued their RAASi was similar among those who did and did not receive a prescription of SPS/CPS.

Conclusion
In patients with CKD receiving RAASi therapy, there is a low frequency of SPS/CPS prescription after an episode of hyperkalemia. RAASi discontinuation or downtitration is the most used pharmacologic approach for the management of hyperkalemia, a strategy that deprives patients of the cardiac and renal protective benefits of RAASi. New options for the management of hyperkalemia in this population are needed.
Patient reported data integration for management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Kuhn Benjamin R , Chittoor Geetha , Johns Alicia , Berger Andrea , Justice Anne E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal allergic inflammatory disorder triggered by food proteins. Symptoms of EoE are variable within and between individuals. Presenting symptoms may include dysphagia, food bolus impaction, dyspepsia, or more subtle symptoms such as feeding disorders, regurgitation sensation, or nausea. The development and validation of a pediatric EoE patient self-reported and parent proxy-reported outcome symptom scoring tool was created by Franciosi et al. published in BMJ 2011, titled the Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (PEESS™ v2.0). To date, its use is largely for research purposes. We propose to evaluate the implementation of the PEESS™ v2.0 in a prospective interventional controlled clinical practice. The study included 620 patients over an 18-month period. Surveys were delivered and administered digitally every month through the MyGeisinger.org Patient Portal. Our analysis demonstrated symptom severity and symptom frequency scores significantly improved over time. However, counter to our hypothesis, patients who completed the PEESS™v2.0 ultimately had higher EoE-related health care utilization of office visits and endoscopies compared with those who did not complete the PEESS™v2.0. This could be related to greater awareness of disease activity and/or increased willingness to seek care. Our study, in the context of mobile health tool and patient-reported outcome trends, represents an opportunity for improved disease monitoring at-home within the field of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases.