bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral injury and psychological wellbeing in UK healthcare staff
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Lamb Danielle , Hotopf Matthew , Raine Rosalind , Stevelink Sharon , Wessely Simon , Docherty Mary , Madan Ira , Murphy Dominic , Greenberg Neil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPotentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) can negatively impact mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic may have placed healthcare staff at risk of moral injury.AimTo examine the impact of PMIE on healthcare staff wellbeing.Method12,965 healthcare staff (clinical and non-clinical) were recruited from 18 NHS-England trusts into a survey of PMIE exposure and wellbeing.ResultsPMIEs were significantly associated with adverse mental health symptoms across healthcare staff. Specific work factors were significantly associated with experiences of moral injury, including being redeployed, lack of PPE, and having a colleague die of COVID-19. Nurses who reported symptoms of mental disorders were more likely to report all forms of PMIEs than those without symptoms (AOR 2.7; 95% CI 2.2, 3.3). Doctors who reported symptoms were only more likely to report betrayal events, such as breach of trust by colleagues (AOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.5, 4.9).ConclusionsA considerable proportion of NHS healthcare staff in both clinical and non-clinical roles report exposure to PMIEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospective research is needed to identify the direction of causation between moral injury and mental disorder as well as continuing to monitor the longer term outcomes of exposure to PMIEs.
Capturing the experiences of UK healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structural topic modelling analysis of 7,412 free-text survey responses
Authors: Lamb Danielle , Wright Liam , Scott Hannah , Croak Bethany , Gnanapragasam Sam , Docherty Mary , Greenberg Neil , Hotopf Matthew , Stevelink Sharon A.M. , Raine Rosalind , Wessely Simon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) have provided vital services during the COVID-19 pandemic, but existing research consists of quantitative surveys (lacking in depth or context) or qualitative interviews (with limited generalisability). Structural Topic Modelling (STM) of large-scale free-text survey data offers a way of capturing the perspectives of a wide range of HCWs in their own words about their experiences of the pandemic.MethodsIn an online survey distributed to all staff at 18 geographically dispersed NHS Trusts, we asked respondents, “Is there anything else you think we should know about your experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic?”. We used STM on 7,412 responses to identify topics, and thematic analysis on the resultant topics and text excerpts.ResultsWe identified 33 topics, grouped into two domains, each containing four themes. Our findings emphasise: the deleterious effect of increased workloads, lack of PPE, inconsistent advice/guidance, and lack of autonomy; differing experiences of home working as negative/positive; and the benefits of supportive leadership and peers in ameliorating challenges. Themes varied by demographics and time: discussion of home working decreasing over time, while discussion of workplace challenges increased. Discussion of mental health was lowest between September-November 2020, between the first and second waves of COVID-19 in the UK.DiscussionOur findings represent the most salient experiences of HCWs through the pandemic. STM enabled statistical examination of how the qualitative themes raised differed according to participant characteristics. This relatively underutilised methodology in healthcare research can provide more nuanced, yet generalisable, evidence than that available via surveys or small interview studies, and should be used in future research.
SARS-CoV-2 infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells leads to inflammatory activation through NF-κB non-canonical pathway and mitochondrial remodeling
Authors: Torices Silvia , Motta Carolline Soares , da Rosa Barbara Gomes , Marcos Anne Caroline , Alvarez-Rosa Liandra , Siqueira Michele , Moreno-Rodriguez Thaidy , Matos Aline , Caetano Braulia , Martins Jessica , Gladulich Luis , Loiola Erick , Bagshaw Olivia RM , Stuart Jeffrey A. , Siqueira Marilda M. , Stipursky Joice , Toborek Michal , Adesse Daniel 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTNeurological effects of COVID-19 and long-COVID-19 as well as neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2 still pose several questions and are of both clinical and scientific relevance. We described the cellular and molecular effects of the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs)in vitroinfection by SARS-CoV-2 to understand the underlying mechanisms of viral transmigration through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Despite the low to non-productive viral replication, SARS-CoV-2-infected cultures displayed increased apoptotic cell death and tight junction protein expression and immunolocalization. Transcriptomic profiling of infected cultures revealed endothelial activation via NF-κB non-canonical pathway, including RELB overexpression, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 led to altered secretion of key angiogenic factors and to significant changes in mitochondrial dynamics, with increased mitofusin-2 expression and increased mitochondrial networks. Endothelial activation and remodeling can further contribute to neuroinflammatory processes and lead to further BBB permeability in COVID-19.
Enhancing innovation through gender diversity: a two-country study of top management teams
Authors: Hemmert Martin , Cho Cecile K. , Lee Ji Young 
Published: June 2022

PurposeBuilding on upper echelons theory, the authors advance the literature on the influence of diversity on innovation by studying the link between top management team (TMT) gender diversity and innovation performance and the link's boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze survey data from 390 manufacturing establishments in Germany and India through an ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis.FindingsTMT gender diversity is positively related to innovation performance. The influence of gender diversity on innovation performance is not strengthened by team level attributes, including cognitive proficiency and openness to external information. In contrast, TMT gender diversity enhances innovation performance more strongly in Germany than in India, indicating the relevance of country-level cultural norms for leveraging gender diversity.Research limitations/implications The authors' study is built on data from two countries only, based on TMTs in the manufacturing sector and cross-sectional. Future studies may address these limitations by considering more countries, examining TMTs in the service sector and applying experimental or longitudinal research designs.Practical implicationsExecutives should establish gender diverse TMTs to enhance innovation performance and leverage diverse views of male and female managers effectively. Managers located in countries with strongly hierarchical cultural norms should promote egalitarian values at the organizational level to increase the effectiveness of gender diverse TMTs.Originality/valueThis is the first study which examines the moderating effect of country-level cultural norms on the relationship between TMT gender diversity and innovation performance.
Citizen behaviors, enterprise social media and firm performance
Authors: Caya Olivier , Mosconi Elaine 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe goal of this study is twofold: first, it seeks to investigate how enterprise social media (ESM) usage contributes to firm performance, especially through operational performance metrics; second, to identify the ESM users’ behaviors that help to improve firm performance.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive case study of a medium-sized manufacturing company in the food industry. After developing a theoretical framework, an exploratory research was undertaken about the use of an ESM. Qualitative methods were adopted for data collection and analytic induction for data analysis, using structural and descriptive coding. A series of semi-structured interviews with senior managers and middle-managers were conducted. Operations performance metrics were also assessed through documentary analysis before and after the implementation of the ESM.FindingsThe study integrates concepts and theories from across three main fields of research, namely organizational behaviors, management and information systems. It complements the extant research on ESM by providing a new theoretical framework that connects ESM use with firm performance. Empirical findings suggest that ESM contributes to firm performance through social capital development fostered by organizational citizenship behaviors. The emergence of leadership development has been also observed.Research limitations/implicationsThe exploratory nature of the study combined with the fact that it has been conducted within a single organization greatly limits the generalization of the findings.Practical implicationsManagers can use the findings of this study as a support of a successful ESM implementation. Besides, it provides references for practitioners aiming to use and evaluate ESM and their corresponding citizenship behaviors within a manufacturing milieu.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to bring a multi-disciplinary perspective of the contribution of ESM usage on firm performance-based in a social capital enacted by organizational citizenship behaviors. These understandings add new insights to the literature and establish new theoretical connections between organizational citizenship behaviors, ESM use and social capital that also allowed to emerge leadership development.
The role of public–private coordination: the case of sweet cherries in Argentina 2000–2020
Authors: Jaureguiberry Florencia , Tappata Mariano 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the sustained growth of sweet cherry exports in recent years in Argentina and to what extent the coordination mechanisms between public and private institutions can explain the growth.Design/methodology/approachThe research method used in the paper is descriptive and based on in-depth interviews with producers, agencies and institutions from the cherry industry. Qualitative results are complemented with analysis of key market data.FindingsThe sweet cherry industry in Argentina underwent a shake up with entry of new vertically integrated players and the technological upgrade of traditional producers that resulted in an export boom. The transformation of the industry was induced by the global market conditions and, more importantly, the promotion and complementarities achieved through a strong public–private partnership. Despite the constant increase in global demand for counter-season cherries, exports from Argentina are currently struggling to sustain growth. Among various bottlenecks, the authors find the instability of government policies (e.g. labor law, tax system, economic and trade policies) as the main cause for the slowdown in investment and expansion of the planted area.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper highlights the importance of understanding the growth process of an industry and the different ways in which public and private sectors can enhance export performance. The relationship between the success of private–public partnerships and the particular configuration and characteristics of the industry deserve further study. The usual limitations from single-case studies apply.Originality/valueThe study has two contributions. First, the study uncovers the economics underlying the development and configuration of the sweet cherry industry in Argentina. Second, the study documents a successful case of private–public partnership to boost exports and reach new markets.
Perspectives of pumpkin pulp and pumpkin shell and seeds uses as ingredients in food formulation
Authors: Villamil Ruby-Alejandra , Escobar Natalia , Romero Laura Natalia , Huesa Ribka , Plazas Anny Valentina , Gutiérrez Carina , Robelto Gloria Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to study the use of pumpkin pulp and its by-products in food formulation. Pumpkins are important and useful in the food industry. However, only the pulp is used, and the shell and seeds are wasted, which represents an important food waste.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review was performed by searching electronic databases relating to the physicochemical, textural and sensory effects of the pumpkin pulp and its by-products’ incorporation into foods. No human subjects were involved, and ethical approval was not required.

Findings
Pumpkin seeds and shell have been included in quite a variety of products. The primary effects on the physicochemical properties of bakery products, dairy products, beverages and snacks are the increase in energy, protein, iron, calcium, carotene content and textural properties (hardness, chewiness, snapping force and viscosity).

Research limitations/implications
Limitations comprise the heterogeneity of the studies included, which causes varied results.

Originality/value
It was evidenced that pumpkin is already included in food products, especially in bakery products. However, there are not many products where the shell and seeds are used. Therefore, it is a field to be explored, as these by-products have great potential both to enrich food products and to reduce food waste contributing to sustainability.
Opportunities and barriers: social studies in the absence of mandated curriculum
Authors: Huck Adam 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study sought to identify teachers' overall experiences in teaching social studies, the considerations they make in planning and implementing social studies lessons in the absence of mandated curriculum, approaches to social studies instruction and the role of legislation on social studies instruction.Design/methodology/approachTwo practicing teachers at different grade levels participated in this study to allow for comparative case study analysis. Teachers were observed teaching social studies lessons and then were interviewed to gain an understanding of their perspectives on teaching social studies at the elementary level and the role that administrative and legislative messaging played in their decision-making.FindingsThe lack of a scripted and formal program for social studies created opportunities for teacher autonomy and content integration in lessons. This is especially true for teachers that place a high value on social studies content and skills. Persistent issues, such as limited time and mandated testing pressures, continue to create barriers that teachers must work to overcome.Originality/valueSince teachers play a critical role in the enactment of policy and curriculum, when a formal curriculum program is absent, opportunities arise. Control of the classroom and inherent messaging therein continues to create a high value battleground. When teachers are given the autonomy to set lesson outcomes, opportunities for quality instruction, such as project based learning and content integration, are possible.
Sensory approaches in psychiatric units: Patterns and influences of use in one Australian health region
Authors: Wright Lisa , Meredith Pamela , Bennett Sally 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground/aimAustralian guidelines and policies recommend the use of sensory approaches in mental health care. Nevertheless, many Australian psychiatric units report difficulty sustaining these approaches. To inform efforts to close the gap between recommendations and practice, the aim of this study was to understand the patterns of use of sensory approaches and what demographic and clinical factors influence their use, across one health region in Queensland, Australia.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional survey design, a custom‐designed questionnaire was distributed via email and in paper form to health professionals and peer support workers working in acute, secure, and community care psychiatric units across one health region. Information on demographics and the use of various sensory interventions was gathered utilising both open‐ended and Likert scale questions.ResultsUseable questionnaires were collected from 183 participants from various disciplines (77% nursing). The majority reported using sensory approaches with a limited number of consumers, and almost 9% never used the approach. Activity‐based sensory interventions and sensory equipment were most often used, whereas sensory assessments, sensory plans, and sensory groups were least used. Sensory interventions were mainly used to reduce consumer anxiety and agitation and to assist with emotional regulation. Factors positively correlated with frequency of use for all interventions were discipline (occupational therapy); working in an acute inpatient unit; and training in sensory approaches. Age was negatively correlated with frequency of use only for weighted modalities.ConclusionsThis study revealed that sensory approaches were used by most staff though with a limited proportion of consumers in psychiatric units in one large metropolitan health service. It provides insights into the factors influencing frequency of use, highlighting the importance of training in sensory approaches and access to occupational therapists. With this knowledge, we can work towards closing the gap between recommendations and the practice of sensory approaches.
Elevated IL‐23 in skin promotes IL‐23 derived Th17 responses in leprosy patients
Authors: Shi Chao , Ma Shanshan , Bai Jinxia , Liu Yan , Ma Yuelong , Lu Xinyuan , Zhu Jianyu , Yang Degang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLeprosy is an infectious disease caused by non‐cultivable bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. Th17 cells play vital roles during pathogenesis of leprosy reactions and IL‐23 is involved in Th17 cell differentiation. Although previous studies have reported the participation of IL‐23 in leprosy patients in peripheral blood, the role of this cytokine in skin has not yet been described for the disease. In this study, we first evaluated IL‐23 expression in the skin of patients with leprosy. Data showed that in keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages, IL‐23 expression was markedly higher in patients compared to that in the normal skin controls. Also, leprosy patients presented higher percentage of IL‐17A‐producing IL‐23R + CD4 T cells than healthy donors. IL‐23R blocking induced markedly downregulated IL‐17A secretion in leprosy patients but not in healthy donors. Furthermore, TGF‐β expression was significantly elevated after IL‐23R blocking. Overall, this study establishes that Th17 cells produce IL‐17A in an IL‐23 dependent manner in the skin of leprosy patients and provides more focused treatment strategies for Mycobacterium leprae.
Vulnerable employment in developing economies: The case of sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Erkul Abdullah , Külünk İbrahim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the development of vulnerable employment in 43 sub‐Saharan African countries by using yearly data for 1996–2018 period. The paper first outlines the main factors and discusses the issue from the perspective of developing countries, and then constructs a panel data elasticity model. The model expands the economic growth framework further and assesses the effects of rurality, sectoral composition, demography, and the quality of economic and political institutions. Prais–Winsten robust estimation results for the expanded model show nonindustrial employment to be the main source of vulnerable employment. Additionally, the increase in urban population share is found to have a positive impact, while nonemployed population is negatively associated. The results also show that upper‐middle income countries differ from low and lower‐middle income groups with regard to the significance of economic and political institutions. These findings clarify the prominence of the Sustainable Development Goals policy agenda and gradual reform strategies beginning with economic quality toward improvement of political institutions. At the end, we highlight several policy implications.
Ferulic acid‐ and gallic ester‐acylated pectin: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Chen Ping , Wang Pengkai , Hong Pengzhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, pectin was modified with ferulic acid (Fa), trans‐ferulic acid (trans‐Fa), methyl gallate (MG), and ethyl gallate (EG) via the enzymatic method using aqueous/organic phases to enhance its physiochemical and bio‐active properties. Results revealed that lipase might catalyze the hydrolysis of the ester bond within pectin in aqueous phase and prompt the transesterification between the hydroxyl group in the para position in Fa/trans‐Fa or the 2′‐OH group of MG/EG and the carboxylic group of pectin in the organic phase. The graft ratio was 21.00%, 21.67%, 13.24%, and 11.93% for the Fa‐, trans‐Fa‐, MG‐, and EG‐modified pectin, respectively. In addition, compared with native pectin, the modified pectin exhibited improved apparent viscosity and emulsion activity. Moreover, the clearance of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) was effectively enhanced for the modified pectin. Furthermore, the modified pectin exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus while no cytotoxic effects based on the results of cell culture experiments. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the expansion of pectin applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Changes in temporal sensory profile, liking, satiety, and postconsumption attributes of yogurt with natural sweeteners
Authors: Chadha Diksha , Hamid Nazimah , Kantono Kevin , Marsan Manon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSweetened yogurts can contain between 10 and 13% added sugar. However, studies have shown that sugar reduction or replacement can influence yogurt quality. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of yogurt with added natural sweeteners on temporal sensory profile, liking, satiety and postconsumption measures. Yogurt samples were prepared with iso‐sweet concentrations of sucrose (9 g/100 g of plain yogurt) using xylitol (10 g/100 g), stevia (0.15 g/100 g), and monk fruit (0.15 g/100 g). Fifty panelists evaluated the temporal sensory profile of these yogurts using multiple‐intake temporal dominance of sensations (TDS), and overall liking for each intake. In addition, satiety (hunger, thirst, and fullness) and other postconsumption attributes (healthiness, satisfaction, and purchase intent) were determined. The temporal profile of yogurt sweetened with xylitol was similar to yogurt sweetened with sucrose without any onset of negative sensory characteristics at any point in intake. Yogurt sweetened with stevia had a high dominance duration for astringency. Moreover, yogurt sweetened with monk fruit showed increased dominance of attributes bitter and astringent from the first to third intake. In terms of liking, yogurt containing xylitol was scored the highest followed by stevia and monkfruit. Sweet was a positive temporal driver of liking in yogurt sweetened with monk fruit. However, mouthcoating, sweet, and sour decreased liking in yogurt sweetened with sucrose, xylitol, and stevia respectively. In terms of perceived healthiness, satisfaction and purchase intent, yogurt sweetened with sucrose scored the highest followed by xylitol. Consumption of yogurt sweetened with xylitol, stevia, or monk fruit significantly decreased hunger compared to yogurt sweetened with sucrose.Practical ApplicationThe current findings will play an important role for the dairy industry in understanding how sugar replacement with natural sweeteners in yogurt can influence its sensory perception and postconsumption behavior.