bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent from a Historical, Societal, Ethical, Legal, and Practical Perspective
Authors: Jameson Lee M. , Al‐Tarawneh Sandra K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInformed consent is often perceived as a regulatory obligation without recognizing its educational potential in the dynamic provider/patient relationship. This article discusses the complex interaction of ethics, society, and law through a historical and practical perspective. The purpose is to provide general dentists and specialists with a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and practical dimensions of informed consent.
Synthesizing contemporary integrative interpersonal theory and the narrative identity approach to examine personality dynamics and regulatory processes
Authors: Dunlop William L. , Lind Majse , Hopwood Christopher J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this paper is to promote the integration of two approaches to personality and assessment: Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory (CIIT) and the Narrative Identity Approach (NI).MethodsWe review CIIT and NI, describe their similarities and differences, and articulate opportunities to integrate the approaches to more fully account for personality dynamics and self‐regulation.ResultsWe identify several areas within which concepts from CIIT and NI could be synthesized and offer four concrete suggestions for integrating the assessment methods within each approach: (1) using narratives to explicate interpersonal perception, (2) using stories to clarify interpersonal context, (3), using the Interpersonal Situation as a framework for unpacking narrative elements, and (4) coding interpersonal sequences in narrative data.ConclusionsCIIT and NI have potential to augment one another both theoretically and methodologically in ways that would be fruitful for conceptualizing and studying personality dynamics and self‐regulation.
Can the State Make you More Religious? Evidence from Turkish Experience
Authors: Çokgezen Murat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper first evaluates the impact of a two‐decade‐long Islamization policy carried out by a pro‐Islamist party, which came to power in 2002 in Turkey, on the attitudes of Turkish people toward religious values, religious practices, and clergy. In this regard, how the importance of religion, frequency of going to mosques, and trust in the clergy have changed among Turkish Muslims between 2002 and 2018 were examined by using World Values Survey data and employing logistic regression analysis. Estimation results indicated a reduction in belief in God, attendance to mosques, and trust in clergy, which imply the failure of the Islamization policy. Second, we explored what caused the failure by using the same data set and methodology. Our estimations suggested that the symbiotic relationship between the pro‐Islamist government and religious clergy and institutions may explain the failure. As the government is identified with religion in the eye of the public, dissatisfaction with the government turned to dissatisfaction with religious values.
Texture of extruded breakfast cereals: Effects of adding milk on the texture properties and on the correlations between instrumental and sensory analyses
Authors: Dias‐Faceto Liara Silva , Conti‐Silva Ana Carolina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effect of adding milk on the structure and texture properties of six commercial extruded breakfast cereals was evaluated using instrumental (mechanical and acoustic) and sensory analyses, as well as the correlations between such measurements. Adding milk reduced the force and acoustic properties of the breakfast cereals and affected sensory acceptance, improving or damaging the texture attribute acceptance depending on the product. Regarding sensory and instrumental correlations, the guillotine Blade Set probe stood out for correlations between instrumental and sensory (both descriptive and acceptance) results, followed by the Kramer probe that provided correlations with sensory acceptance. All correlations were positive except for the intensity of adhesiveness, which means that the intensity of adhesiveness was the most critical attribute for the acceptance of breakfast cereals when milk is added. In conclusion, adding milk impacted the texture properties of breakfast cereals and the definition of the best probe to be used depends on the sensory characteristic to be evaluated and, also, on whether milk is added or not.
Camouflage by counter‐brightness: the blue wings of Morpho dragonflies Zenithoptera lanei (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) match the water background
Authors: Cezário R. R. , Gorb S. N. , Guillermo‐Ferreira R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBright iridescent colours are widespread in several aquatic and terrestrial animal taxa and are usually involved in intraspecific communication and/or predator avoidance. Camouflage by iridescence may be one strategy to avoid predators when the animal exhibits bright colours that match the brightness of its surroundings. Hence, animal structural colouration may have a “brightness matching” or “counter‐brightness” function when observed against bright or glossy backgrounds. Here, we addressed the role of such counter‐brightness effect of the iridescent wings of the Morpho dragonfly Zenithoptera lanei for avoiding detection. We hypothesized that the bright reflectance of the dragonfly wings is cryptic against the bright water surface and the glossy vegetation where they naturally occur, protecting the dragonfly from visually oriented predators, deceiving prey and signalling to conspecifics when desired. We addressed whether (1) the iridescent colours of Z. lanei wings function as a visual strategy to reduce their wing detectability by brightness matching the background and (2) the detectability of wings against vegetation and water varies according to the observer. For this, we modelled how conspecifics, dipteran prey and predatory birds see the odonate wings against the vegetation of the Neotropical Savannah and against the water surface where the dragonflies perch. Our results suggest that Z. lanei dragonflies can avoid detection by predators, prey and conspecifics when perched on their natural habitats (i.e., ponds) against the bright background of the water surface. Here, we add evidence to the multifunctionality of structural colours in animals and the function of iridescence in camouflage. The bright iridescence and ultraviolet reflective nanostructures of Z. lanei wings when coupled with striking behavioural displays may provide a dynamic and safe intraspecific communication channel.
Limited temporal response of Cerrado mammals to anthropogenic pressure in areas under distinct levels of protection
Authors: Ferreira G. B. , Newbold T. , Oliveira M. J. R. , Pringle H. , Pinheiro M. S. , de Pinho F. F. , Carbone C. , Rowcliffe M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic pressure has well‐documented effects on the spatial distribution of biodiversity but it can also have more subtle effects on wildlife, influencing the time of the day and for how long animals are active. These temporal effects have not received much attention from the scientific and conservation community, despite activity being intrinsically related to crucial aspects in an animal's life. Here we use data from a large‐scale camera trap survey (517 survey sites covering more than 1000 km2) conducted in areas under distinct levels of protection in the Brazilian Cerrado to investigate the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the activity of mammal species >1 kg. We used both circular statistics and GLMMs to investigate whether species would shift activity towards the night in response to disturbance, resulting in a decrease of diurnal activity in areas under lower protection levels and closer to households. Our results revealed that most species investigated did not show a temporal response to anthropogenic pressure, with only two species responding in the way we expected: tamanduas reduced the probability of daytime activity closer to households and collared peccaries reduced diurnal activity slightly in areas under lower protection levels. Our findings also suggest that environmental factors have a greater influence on species' activity than indicators of pressure in the mosaic of protected areas studied. Although stricter levels of habitat protection are known to have a positive and strong influence on the spatial distribution of many mammal species in the study region, we showed here that human pressure has only a modest effect on the period these species were active. This limited temporal response highlights the need for large natural areas under low disturbance that allow mammal species to respond spatially to threats.
Individual Variations in the Mastery of Discourse Connectives from Teenage Years to Adulthood
Authors: Tskhovrebova Ekaterina , Zufferey Sandrine , Gygax Pascal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany connectives, such as therefore and however, are used very frequently in the written modality. Their acquisition thus represents an important milestone in developing written language competences. In this article, we assess the development of competence with such connectives by native French speakers in a sentence‐level insertion task (N = 307, aged 12 to 64) and a text‐level insertion task (N = 172, aged 13 to 71). Our results indicate that, despite a general progression in the level of competence with age, the academic level of participants is a strong predictor of competence within each age group, even during adulthood. In addition, from the age of 12, competence is related to the frequency of connectives in naturalistic data, with frequent connectives systematically mastered better than less frequent ones. Finally, in all age groups, the use and understanding of connectives is more challenging when sentences to complete are embedded within a richer context than when presented alone.
Targeted inhibition of PPARα ameliorates CLA‐induced hypercholesterolemia via hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis reprogramming
Authors: Liu Hao‐Yu , Hu Ping , Li Yanwei , Sun Ming‐An , Qu Huan , Zong Qiufang , Gu Haotian , Chen Xiaobo , Bao Wenbin , Cai Demin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsDisruption of lipid metabolism is largely linked to metabolic disorders, such as hypercholesterolemia (HCL) and liver steatosis. While cholesterol metabolic re‐programmers can serve as targets for relevant interventions. Here we explored the dietary conjugated linoleic acids (CLA)‐induced HCL in mice and the molecular regulation behind it.MethodsA high dose of CLA supplementation in the diet was used to induce HCL in mice and was found to cause a hyper‐activated cholesterol biosynthesis programme in the liver, leading to cholesterol metabolism dysregulation. The effects of a small‐molecule drug targeting PPARα, i.e., GW6471 were studied in vivo in mice fed diets with CLA supplementation for 28 days, and in primary hepatocytes derived from HCL‐mice in vitro.ResultsWe demonstrate that CLA induced HCL and liver steatosis through multiple pathways. Among which was the PPARα‐mediated cholesterogenesis. It was found to cooperate with SREBP2 via binding to Hmgcr and Dhcr7 (genes encoding key enzymes of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway) and recruits the histone marks H3K27ac and H3K4me1 and cofactors. PPARα inhibition disrupts its physical association with SREBP2 by blocking cobinding of PPARα and SREBP2 to the genomic DNA response element. We showed that NR RORγ functions as an essential mediator that facilitates the interaction of PPARα and SREBP2 to modulate the cholesterol biosynthesis genes expression.ConclusionsOur study unravels that the small‐molecule compound GW6471 exerts an attractive therapeutic effect for CLA‐induced HCL, involving multiple pathways with the “PPARα‐RORγ‐SREBP2” being a potential complex player in this hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis programming.
Extrahepatic manifestations of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis syndromes: Presentation of a case series and literature review
Authors: Pfister Eva‐Doreen , Dröge Carola , Liebe Roman , Stalke Amelie , Buhl Nicole , Ballauff Antje , Cantz Tobias , Bueltmann Eva , Stindt Jan , Luedde Tom , Baumann Ulrich , Keitel Verena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a collective term for a heterogenous group of rare, inherited cholestasis syndromes. The number of genes underlying the clinical PFIC phenotype is still increasing. While progressive liver disease and its sequelae such as portal hypertension, pruritus and hepatocellular carcinoma determine transplant‐free survival, extrahepatic manifestations may cause relevant morbidity.MethodsWe performed a literature search for extrahepatic manifestations of PFIC associated with pathogenic gene variants in ATP8B1, ABCB11, ABCB4, TJP2, NR1H4 and MYO5B. To illustrate the extrahepatic symptoms described in the literature, PFIC cases from our centres were revisited.ResultsExtrahepatic symptoms are common in PFIC subtypes, where the affected gene is expressed at high levels in other tissues. While most liver‐associated complications resolve after successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), some extrahepatic symptoms show no response or even worsen after OLT.ConclusionThe spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations in PFIC highlights essential, non‐redundant roles of the affected genes in other organs. Extrahepatic features contribute towards low health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and morbidity in PFIC. While OLT is often the only remaining, curative treatment, potential extrahepatic manifestations need to be carefully monitored and addressed.
A hybrid spatial–temporal deep learning architecture for lane detection
Authors: Dong Yongqi , Patil Sandeep , van Arem Bart , Farah Haneen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccurate and reliable lane detection is vital for the safe performance of lane‐keeping assistance and lane departure warning systems. However, under certain challenging circumstances, it is difficult to get satisfactory performance in accurately detecting the lanes from one single image as mostly done in current literature. Since lane markings are continuous lines, the lanes that are difficult to be accurately detected in the current single image can potentially be better deduced if information from previous frames is incorporated. This study proposes a novel hybrid spatial–temporal (ST) sequence‐to‐one deep learning architecture. This architecture makes full use of the ST information in multiple continuous image frames to detect the lane markings in the very last frame. Specifically, the hybrid model integrates the following aspects: (a) the single image feature extraction module equipped with the spatial convolutional neural network; (b) the ST feature integration module constructed by ST recurrent neural network; (c) the encoder–decoder structure, which makes this image segmentation problem work in an end‐to‐end supervised learning format. Extensive experiments reveal that the proposed model architecture can effectively handle challenging driving scenes and outperforms available state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Renewable and non‐renewable energy resources of Pakistan and their applicability under the current scenario in Pakistan
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Salman Muhammad Umar , Anwar Saqaina , Gul Maryam , Aslam Reema 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnergy is a basic need for human development but unfortunately, every country in the world has unequal energy reserves. The energy crisis is the most influential crisis for the World and especially Pakistan to affect the economic, social and environmental health of the society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between the different energy sources for the cost, yield, and other parametres. Using very comprehensive and statistical data, this study shows that renewable energy from agricultural waste and nuclear energy may be the most welcomed source of energy, which is cheaper and enough for thousands of years. As a renewable source, bio‐energy obtained from agricultural waste is environmentally friendly. The Environmental pollution by agricultural waste energy was found to be very lower than nuclear energy to meet the domestic as well as industrial‐level energy production and consumption.
Pre‐eruption magma staging at the long‐lived intraplate Dunedin Volcano, New Zealand
Authors: Baxter Rachael J. M. , White James D. L. , Brenna Marco , Ohneiser Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe oldest‐known rocks of the eroded Dunedin Volcano (DV), New Zealand, active 16.0–11.0 Ma, were emplaced by penecontemporaneous explosive eruptions and intrusions of magmas with a remarkable range of compositions, including basanite, alkali basalt, trachyte and phonolite. The compositional diversity of magmas emplaced in rapid succession during the earliest development of the volcano signify the existence of a complex magmatic system and highly evolved magmas, typical of those attributed to mature magmatic systems; here it developed in concert with the volcano's surface eruptions. We infer that multiple deep and shallow reservoirs were suddenly tapped as volcanism commenced. DV repeatedly erupted the same range of magmas over 5 Myr, suggests that these distributed reservoirs failed to significantly integrate through millions of years of slow volcano growth.
In situ U–Pb geochronology of Pre‐Salt carbonates reveals links between diagenesis and regional tectonics
Authors: Rochelle‐Bates Nathan , Wood Rachel , Schröder Stefan , Roberts Nick M. W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentification of processes driving carbonate diagenesis requires an accurate chronology, particularly along volcanic margins where complex mineral parageneses develop. The Cretaceous “Pre‐Salt” carbonates formed in the volcanic proto‐South Atlantic and are now extensive hydrocarbon reservoirs offshore Brazil and Angola. Primary and diagenetic textures strongly affect reservoir properties, but timings of deposition (c. Barremian–early Aptian) and diagenesis are poorly constrained. This study provides the first direct age measurements from offshore Pre‐Salt carbonates using in situ U–Pb geochronology. Depositional calcites from the Santos Basin (Brazil) do not preserve depositional ages, instead yielding an Albian recrystallization age of 106.9 ± 4.3 Ma. Dolomite rhombs and bridges have Palaeocene ages of 59.2 ± 5.3 Ma, and 58.0 ± 4.6 Ma, respectively. Calcite recrystallization was linked to the onset of oceanic spreading in the South Atlantic. Contrary to existing models, dolomites formed much later, during a time of enhanced tectono‐magmatism in southeastern Brazil.
Pleistocene–Holoceneout‐of‐sequence faulting along theMedlicott‐WadiaThrust in theNWHimalaya
Authors: Dey Saptarshi , Thiede Rasmus C. , Chauhan Naveen , Nath Debashis , Schaaf Niklas W. , Jain Vikrant 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding millennial‐scale fault activity and related structural architecture from seismic gaps in active orogens is important for assessment of future seismic risks. Here, we present new Late Pleistocene–Holocene shortening rates across a segment of the 600‐km‐long Medlicott‐Wadia Thrust (MWT) system in the Sub‐Himalaya (SH) from the far‐western Himalayan sector of Jammu. OSL‐dated offset and folded fluvial strath terraces provide a measure for the intra‐wedge convergence and document strain partitioning within the SH, among which the MWT is the most active. Estimated differential uplift rates across the frontal and rear splay of the MWT is 3.2 ± 0.8 mm/a and 3.1 ± 0.4 which translates into a cumulative Late Pleistocene–Holocene shortening rate of 5.5 ± 0.5–5.8 ± 0.5 mm/a on the MWT. Previously published balanced cross‐sections proposed deformation pattern and in range of ~1 mm/a. Our study reaffirms deformation rates from neighbouring MWT fault segments; moreover, it provides independent constraints to the structural architecture of the frontal fold‐and‐thrust belt and implies changes in fault displacement rates on Quaternary time‐scales.
Rectal screening for azole non‐susceptible Candida species in patients undergoing liver transplantation
Authors: Radcliffe Christopher , Patel Kishan K. , Azar Marwan M. , Koff Alan , Belfield Kristen D. , Peaper David R. , Topal Jeffrey E. , Malinis Maricar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionCandidiasis is the most common invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant recipients, and liver transplant (LT) recipients are at heightened risk. We hypothesized that pre‐transplant screening for azole non‐susceptible Candida (ANSC) allows for tailored antifungal prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of post‐LT ANSC infection.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of adult (age ≥18 years) patients who underwent LT at Yale New Haven Hospital from April 2019 to March 2021. Screening for ANSC, defined as Candida glabrata or Candida krusei, was performed using a rectal swab prior to or at the time of LT.ResultsDuring the study period, ANSC screening was performed in 47 patients who underwent a total of 48 LTs, with 46/48 (96%) primary LTs and two re‐transplantations. Ten of 48 screened cases (21%) had ANSC‐positive rectal swabs. Only seven of 10 ANSC‐colonized patients received appropriate antifungal prophylaxis (i.e., anidulafungin), and one of these seven patients developed candidemia within 30 days of LT. The median number of candidiasis risk factors was one, and 29% of the cohort had two or more risk factors.DiscussionRoutine ANSC screening of LT candidates may assist in selecting appropriate antifungal prophylaxis but may be insufficient to prevent infection in those with multiple risk factors for Candida infection
Mortality attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Latin America and the Caribbean: a comparative risk assessment analysis
Authors: Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWe quantified the proportion and the absolute number of deaths attributable to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using an estimation approach.Research design and methodsWe combined T2DM prevalence estimates from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, relative risks between T2DM and all-cause mortality from a meta-analysis of cohorts in LAC, and death rates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We estimated population-attributable fractions (PAFs) and computed the absolute number of attributable deaths in 1990 and 2019 by multiplying the PAFs by the total deaths in each country, year, sex, and 5-year age group.ResultsBetween 1985 and 2014 in LAC, the proportion of all-cause mortality attributable to T2DM increased from 12.2% to 16.9% in men and from 14.5% to 19.3% in women. In 2019, the absolute number of deaths attributable to T2DM was 349 787 in men and 330 414 in women. The highest death rates (deaths per 100 000 people) in 2019 were in Saint Kitts and Nevis (325 in men, 229 in women), Guyana (313 in men, 272 in women), and Haiti (269 in men, 265 in women).ConclusionsA substantial burden of all deaths is attributed to T2DM in LAC. To decrease the mortality attributable to T2DM in LAC, policies are needed to strengthen early diagnosis and management, along with the prevention of complications.