bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingerprinting the spatial sources of fine-grained sediment deposited in the bed of the Mehran River, southern Iran
Authors: Fatahi Atefe , Gholami Hamid , Esmaeilpour Yahya , Fathabadi Aboalhasan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccurate information on the sources of suspended sediment in riverine systems is essential to target mitigation. Accordingly, we applied a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework for quantifying contributions from three sub-basin spatial sediment sources in the Mehran River catchment draining into the Persian Gulf, Hormozgan province, southern Iran. A total of 28 sediment samples were collected from the three sub-basin sources and six from the overall outlet. 43 geochemical elements (e.g., major, trace and rare earth elements) were measured in the samples. Four different combinations of statistical tests comprising: (1) traditional range test (TRT), Kruskal–Wallis (KW) H-test and stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) (TRT + KW + DFA); (2) traditional range test using mean values (RTM) and two additional tests (RTM + KW + DFA); (3) TRT + KW + PCA (principle component analysis), and; 4) RTM + KW + PCA, were used to the spatial sediment source discrimination. Tracer bi-plots were used as an additional step to assess the tracers selected in the different final composite signatures for source discrimination. The predictions of spatial source contributions generated by GLUE were assessed using statistical tests and virtual sample mixtures. On this basis, TRT + KW + DFA and RTM + KW + DFA yielded the best source discrimination and the tracers in these composite signatures were shown by the biplots to be broadly conservative during transportation from source to sink. Using these final two composite signatures, the estimated mean contributions for the western, central and eastern sub-basins, respectively, ranged between 10–60% (overall mean contribution 36%), 0.3–16% (overall mean contribution 6%) and 38–77% (overall mean contribution 58%). In comparison, the final tracers selected using TRT + KW + PCA generated respective corresponding contributions of 1–42% (overall mean 20%), 0.5–30% (overall mean 12%) and 55–84% (overall mean 68%) compared with 17–69% (overall mean 41%), 0.2–12% (overall mean 5%) and 29–76% (overall mean 54%) using the final tracers selected by RTM + KW + PCA. Based on the mean absolute fit (MAF; ≥ 95% for all target sediment samples) and goodness-of-fit (GOF; ≥ 99% for all samples), GLUE with the final tracers selected using TRT + KW + PCA performed slightly better than GLUE with the final signatures selected by the three other combinations of statistical tests. Based on the virtual mixture tests, however, predictions provided by GLUE with the final tracers selected using TRT + KW + DFA and RTM + KW + DFA (mean MAE = 11% and mean RMSE = 13%) performed marginally better than GLUE with RTM + KW + PCA (mean MAE = 14% and mean RMSE = 16%) and GLUE with TRT + KW + PCA (mean MAE = 17% and mean RMSE = 19%). The estimated source proportions can help watershed engineers plan the targeting of conservation programmes for soil and water resources.
Rapid and automatic detection of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes image
Authors: Shen Xiang , Chen Ying , Li Chaowen , Yang Fucheng , Wen Zhanbo , Zheng Jinlin , Zhou Zhenggan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a widely used radiation biological dose estimation method. However, the subjectivity and the time-consuming nature of manual detection limits CBMN for rapid standard assay. The CBMN analysis is combined with a convolutional neural network to create a software for rapid standard automated detection of micronuclei in Giemsa stained binucleated lymphocytes images in this study. Cell acquisition, adhesive cell mass segmentation, cell type identification, and micronucleus counting are the four steps of the software's analysis workflow. Even when the cytoplasm is hazy, several micronuclei are joined to each other, or micronuclei are attached to the nucleus, this algorithm can swiftly and efficiently detect binucleated cells and micronuclei in a verification of 2000 images. In a test of 20 slides, the software reached a detection rate of 99.4% of manual detection in terms of binucleated cells, with a false positive rate of 14.7%. In terms of micronuclei detection, the software reached a detection rate of 115.1% of manual detection, with a 26.2% false positive rate. Each image analysis takes roughly 0.3 s, which is an order of magnitude faster than manual detection.
Decreased serum iron concentration and total iron binding capacity are associated with serious Crohn’s disease
Authors: Su Jingling , Ren Yandan , Liu Lupeng , Hu Yiqun , Shi Huaxiu , Ren Jianlin , Xie Chenxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether serum indicators related to iron stores in the body are associated with clinical and endoscopic disease severity. Eighty-four patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and twenty-four healthy volunteers were included. The indicators related to iron stores were detected within one week after endoscopic and CT enterography examinations. Patients were divided into three groups according to the CDAI(Crohn's disease activity index)scores. Serum iron levels were decreased in all groups (p < 0.05), and the values of remission group were higher than those of moderate group (p < 0.001). The total iron binding capacity(TIBC)values of the moderate group were lower than those of the controls and the other groups (p < 0.05). None of the indicators differed significantly among the patients classified by SES-CD (p > 0.05). Underweight, decreased serum iron and TIBC were independent risk factors for moderate clinical disease. Combined detection of decreased serum iron and TIBC was helpful in differentiating severe patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 32.7% and 100%, respectively (AUC = 0.812, p < 0.01). Decreases in serum iron and TIBC were associated with the clinical activity of CD. Combined detection of the two indicators was conducive to screening serious disease.
Growth of crystalline WO3-ZnSe nanocomposites: an approach to optical, electrochemical, and catalytic properties
Authors: Assadullah Insaaf , Malik Javied Hamid , Shafi Adil , Tomar Radha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, novel growth of WO3-ZnSe nanocomposites was carried out by a simple, low-cost hydrothermal process under subcritical conditions and is reported for the first time in just 5 h. The products were characterized in detail by multiform techniques: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical studies, and Fourier transform analysis. The influence of ZnSe on the structural, morphological, compositional, optical, and catalytic properties of WO3 is demonstrated. The WO3 metal oxide material is grown in a hexagonal crystal structure with wide-band-gap and has been modified by ZnSe to form a composite nanostructures in the nanoscale range. The electrochemical properties of the prepared materials were studied by cyclic voltammetry, which revealed that the synthesized material exhibited remarkable electrochemical supercapacitive activity. Moreover, the composite nanostructures showed excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of phenol and almost 93% of phenol was degraded with good recyclability and stability. According to The International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the synthesized nanomaterial shows blue emission and is suitable for blue LEDs.
Thermometric lateral flow immunoassay with colored latex beads as reporters for COVID-19 testing
Authors: Azuma Terumitsu , Hui Yuen Yung , Chen Oliver Y. , Wang Yuh-Lin , Chang Huan-Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemperature sensing is a promising method of enhancing the detection sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for point-of-care testing. A temperature increase of more than 100 °C can be readily achieved by photoexcitation of reporters like gold nanoparticles (GNPs) or colored latex beads (CLBs) on LFIA strips with a laser power below 100 mW. Despite its promise, processes involved in the photothermal detection have not yet been well-characterized. Here, we provide a fundamental understanding of this thermometric assay using non-fluorescent CLBs as the reporters deposited on nitrocellulose membrane. From a measurement for the dependence of temperature rises on the number density of membrane-bound CLBs, we found a 1.3-fold (and 3.2-fold) enhancement of the light absorption by red (and black) latex beads at 520 nm. The enhancement was attributed to the multiple scattering of light in this highly porous medium, a mechanism that could make a significant impact on the sensitivity improvement of LFIA. The limit of detection was measured to be 1 × 105 particles/mm2. In line with previous studies using GNPs as the reporters, the CLB-based thermometric assay provides a 10× higher sensitivity than color visualization. We demonstrated a practical use of this thermometric immunoassay with rapid antigen tests for COVID-19.
Sloth bear attacks: regional differences and safety messaging
Authors: Sharp Thomas R. , Smith Tom S. , Swaminathan Shanmugavelu , Arun Attur S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSloth bears behave aggressively toward humans when threatened and are among the most dangerous wildlife in India. Safety messaging for those who live in sloth bear country must be accurate to be effective, and messaging may need to be modified to account for regional differences in human-bear relationships. The timing of sloth bear attacks on the Deccan Plateau of Karnataka, both by season and by time of day, deviated enough from those reported in other areas such that it warranted further investigation. We compared data from eight studies of human-sloth bear conflict from across the Indian subcontinent and explored possibilities as to why differences exist. Seasonally all studies reported that human-sloth bear conflict was highest when human activity in the forest was greatest, though the season of highest human activity varied significantly by region (χ2 = 5921, df = 5, P < 0.001). The time of day that the majority of attacks occurred also varied significantly by region (χ2 = 666, df = 5, P < 0.001), though human activity was relatively consistent. We speculated that the rate of day attacks on the Deccan Plateau was lower due to the reduced probability of encountering a sleeping bear as they are concealed and secure in shallow caves. Additionally, the rate of attacks was significantly higher at night on the Deccan Plateau because people often to work into nighttime. We concluded that slight differences, or different emphasis, to bear safety messaging may be necessary on a regional basis to keep the messaging accurate and effective.
Zooplankton network conditioned by turbidity gradient in small anthropogenic reservoirs
Authors: Goździejewska Anna Maria , Kruk Marek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWater turbidity can significantly influence interspecific interactions in aquatic ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that the turbidity gradient significantly differentiates the dynamics, significance and type of relationships in the structure of zooplankton communities colonizing mine pit reservoirs. The interactions between zooplankton species were evaluated by network graph analysis for three water turbidity classes: high turbidity (HT), moderate turbidity (MT) and low turbidity (LT). The HT network was most cohesive, and it was controlled by taxa grazing on various food sources within one ecological niche (Polyarthra longiremis, Brachionus angularis, Cyclops vicinus, Codonella cratera) and the positive and negative relationships between them were balanced. The MT biocenotic network was composed of three sub-networks connected by nodes with high communication attributes (Polyarthra vulgaris, Bosmina longirostris, C. vicinus), and antagonistic interactions (predation and competition) were less important. The LT network was most heterogeneous, and Daphnia cuculllata exerted the strongest influence on the network’s structure by forming numerous positive (coexistence with predators) and negative (interference competition with microphagous rotifers) interspecific relationships. The study provides new information about the ecology of aquatic ecosystems, that are disturbed by changes in water turbidity.
Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic degradation of diclofenac sodium using a system of Ag-BiVO4/BiOI anode and Ag-BiOI cathode
Authors: Orimolade Benjamin O. , Arotiba Omotayo A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report the photoelectrocatalysis of diclofenac sodium using a reactor consisting of Ag-BiVO4/BiOI anode and Ag-BiOI cathode. The electrodes were prepared through electrodeposition on FTO glass and modified with Ag nanoparticles through photodeposition. The structural and morphological studies were carried out using XRD, SEM, and EDS which confirmed the successful preparation of the materials. The optical properties as observed with UV-DRS revealed that the electrodes were visible light active and incorporation of metallic Ag particles on the surface increased the absorption in the visible light region. Presence of p-n heterojunction in the anode led to decrease in the spontaneous recombination of photoexcited electron–hole pairs as seen in the photocurrent response. The results from photoelectrocatalytic degradation experiments revealed that replacing platinum sheet with Ag-BiOI as counter electrode resulted in higher (92%) and faster removal of diclofenac sodium as evident in the values of apparent rate constants. The reaction mechanism further revealed that efficiently separated photogenerated holes played a major role in the degradation of the pharmaceutical. The prepared electrodes showed good stability and impressive reusability. The reports from this study revealed that the dual photoelectrodes system has a great potential in treating pharmaceutical polluted wastewater using visible light irradiation.
Climate-change-driven growth decline of European beech forests
Authors: Martinez del Castillo Edurne , Zang Christian S. , Buras Allan , Hacket-Pain Andrew , Esper Jan , Serrano-Notivoli Roberto , Hartl Claudia , Weigel Robert , Klesse Stefan , Resco de Dios Victor , Scharnweber Tobias , Dorado-Liñán Isabel , van der Maaten-Theunissen Marieke , van der Maaten Ernst , Jump Alistair , Mikac Sjepan , Banzragch Bat-Enerel , Beck Wolfgang , Cavin Liam , Claessens Hugues , Čada Vojtěch , Čufar Katarina , Dulamsuren Choimaa , Gričar Jozica , Gil-Pelegrín Eustaquio , Janda Pavel , Kazimirovic Marko , Kreyling Juergen , Latte Nicolas , Leuschner Christoph , Longares Luis Alberto , Menzel Annette , Merela Maks , Motta Renzo , Muffler Lena , Nola Paola , Petritan Any Mary , Petritan Ion Catalin , Prislan Peter , Rubio-Cuadrado Álvaro , Rydval Miloš , Stajić Branko , Svoboda Miroslav , Toromani Elvin , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Wilmking Martin , Zlatanov Tzvetan , de Luis Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but spatially resolved, large-scale analyses are largely missing so far. Here we estimate recent changes in growth of 5800 beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 324 sites, representing the full geographic and climatic range of species. Future growth trends were predicted considering state-of-the-art climate scenarios. The validated models indicate growth declines across large region of the distribution in recent decades, and project severe future growth declines ranging from −20% to more than −50% by 2090, depending on the region and climate change scenario (i.e. CMIP6 SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Forecasted forest productivity losses are most striking towards the southern distribution limit of Fagus sylvatica, in regions where persisting atmospheric high-pressure systems are expected to increase drought severity. The projected 21st century growth changes across Europe indicate serious ecological and economic consequences that require immediate forest adaptation.
Atomic force microscopy-single-molecule force spectroscopy unveils GPCR cell surface architecture
Authors: Dague Etienne , Pons Véronique , Roland Alexandre , Azaïs Jean-Marc , Arcucci Silvia , Lachaize Véronique , Velmont Samuel , Trevisiol Emmanuelle , N’Guyen Du , Sénard Jean-Michel , Galés Céline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest family of cell surface receptors. Despite considerable insights into their pharmacology, the GPCR architecture at the cell surface still remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present the specific unfolding of different GPCRs at the surface of living mammalian cells by atomic force microscopy-based single molecule force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS). Mathematical analysis of the GPCR unfolding distances at resting state revealed the presence of different receptor populations relying on distinct oligomeric states which are receptor-specific and receptor expression-dependent. Moreover, we show that the oligomer size dictates the receptor spatial organization with nanoclusters of high-order oligomers while lower-order complexes spread over the whole cell surface. Finally, the receptor activity reshapes both the oligomeric populations and their spatial arrangement. These results add an additional level of complexity to the GPCR pharmacology until now considered to arise from a single receptor population at the cell surface.
Deciphering tissue structure and function using spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Walker Benjamin L. , Cang Zixuan , Ren Honglei , Bourgain-Chang Eric , Nie Qing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of spatial transcriptomics (ST) techniques has allowed the measurement of transcriptional levels across many genes together with the spatial positions of cells. This has led to an explosion of interest in computational methods and techniques for harnessing both spatial and transcriptional information in analysis of ST datasets. The wide diversity of approaches in aim, methodology and technology for ST provides great challenges in dissecting cellular functions in spatial contexts. Here, we synthesize and review the key problems in analysis of ST data and methods that are currently applied, while also expanding on open questions and areas of future development.
The genome of an apodid holothuroid (Chiridota heheva) provides insights into its adaptation to a deep-sea reducing environment
Authors: Zhang Long , He Jian , Tan Peipei , Gong Zhen , Qian Shiyu , Miao Yuanyuan , Zhang Han-Yu , Tu Guangxian , Chen Qi , Zhong Qiqi , Han Guanzhu , He Jianguo , Wang Muhua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCold seeps and hydrothermal vents are deep-sea reducing environments that are characterized by lacking oxygen and photosynthesis-derived nutrients. Most animals acquire nutrition in cold seeps or hydrothermal vents by maintaining epi- or endosymbiotic relationship with chemoautotrophic microorganisms. Although several seep- and vent-dwelling animals hosting symbiotic microbes have been well-studied, the genomic basis of adaptation to deep-sea reducing environment in nonsymbiotic animals is still lacking. Here, we report a high-quality genome of Chiridota heheva Pawson & Vance, 2004, which thrives by extracting organic components from sediment detritus and suspended material, as a reference for nonsymbiotic animal’s adaptation to deep-sea reducing environments. The expansion of the aerolysin-like protein family in C. heheva compared with other echinoderms might be involved in the disintegration of microbes during digestion. Moreover, several hypoxia-related genes (Pyruvate Kinase M2, PKM2; Phospholysine Phosphohistidine Inorganic Pyrophosphate Phosphatase, LHPP; Poly(A)-specific Ribonuclease Subunit PAN2, PAN2; and Ribosomal RNA Processing 9, RRP9) were subject to positive selection in the genome of C. heheva, which contributes to their adaptation to hypoxic environments.
Self-peeling of frozen water droplets upon impacting a cold surface
Authors: Fang Wen-Zhen , Zhu Fangqi , Zhu Lailai , Tao Wen-Quan , Yang Chun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFreezing of water droplets impacting a cold substrate is a commonly encountered circumstance impairing the performance and safety of various applications. Active methods of ice removal such as heating or mechanical means are energy intensive and inconvenient. Here, we report a passive ice removal method via harvesting the thermal-mechanical stress of ice, leading to the self-peeling of frozen water droplets upon impacting a cold substrate. We find that the frozen ice completely self-peels and is then easily removable from a cold hydrophobic surface whiles the ice exhibits cracking and remains firmly sticky to a hydrophilic surface. The peeling behaviors of frozen water droplets are then scrutinized by varying the subcooling degree, impact parameters and wettability. Moreover, we develop a theoretical model to characterize the peeling and bending behaviors of the ice and also provides a simple criterion to predict the occurrence of complete self-peeling, facilitating the design of anti-icing surfaces.
Cardiac MRI in Suspected Acute Myocarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination
Authors: Kravchenko Dmitrij , Isaak Alexander , Mesropyan Narine , Endler Christoph , Bischoff Leon , Vollbrecht Thomas , Pieper Claus Christian , Sedaghat Alexander , Kuetting Daniel , Hart Christopher , Feisst Andreas , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Purpose To evaluate cardiac MRI characteristics in patients with suspected hypersensitivity myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
Materials and Methods Patients clinically suspected of acute myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination were retrospectively analyzed and compared against a healthy control group. Cardiac MRI protocol included parameters such as T1 and T2 relaxation times, extracellular volume (ECV), T2 signal intensity ratio, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Lymph node size was assessed in the patient group on the injection side. Student t-test, analyses of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc test, and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis.
Results 20 patients with clinically suspected post-vaccine myocarditis (28 ± 12 years; 12 men) and 40 controls (31 ± 11 years; 25 men) were evaluated. According to the 2018 Lake Louise criteria (LLC), patients with clinically suspected myocarditis were further subdivided into an LLC-positive group (n = 9) and an LLC-negative group (n = 11). The mean time of symptom onset after vaccination was 1.1 ± 1.2 days (LLC-positive) and 6.5 ± 9.2 days (LLC-negative). Group differences in inflammatory variables between myocarditis patients and control subjects were more pronounced in the LLC-positive group (e. g., T1 relaxation time: 1041 ± 61 ms [LLC positive] vs. 1008 ± 79 ms [LLC-negative] vs. 970 ± 25 ms [control]; p <.001; or T2 signal intensity ratio 2.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 [LLC-negative] and vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 [control], p = .012). LLC-positive patients were significantly faster in receiving an MRI after initial symptom onset (8.8 ± 6.1 days vs. 52.7 ± 33.4 days; p = .001) and had higher troponin T levels (3938 ± 5850 ng/l vs. 9 ± 11 ng/l; p <.001). LGE lesions were predominantly located at the subepicardium of the lateral wall. Axillary lymphadenopathy was more frequent in the LLC-positive group compared to the LLC-negative group (8/9 [89 %] vs. 0/11 [0 %], p < 0.001).
Conclusion Vaccine-induced myocarditis should be considered in patients with acute symptom onset after mRNA vaccination, especially if elevated serum troponin T is observed. Imaging findings of vaccine-induced myocarditis are similar to virus-induced myocarditis, allowing for the use of the Lake Louise Criteria for diagnostic purposes.
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