bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out-of-pocket spending on hypertension and diabetes among patients reporting in a health -care teaching institute of the Western Rajasthan
Authors: Mehta Rishabh , Mantri Neha , Goel Akhil D. , Gupta Manoj K. , Joshi Nitin K. , Bhardwaj Pankaj 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Across the globe, morbidity and mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major public health issues. The resulting concern is not just epidemiological but also about the economic consequences at the household level. Objective: To assess the various facets of out-of-pocket spending (OOPs) incurring on NCDs, namely hypertension and diabetes on patients attending a healthcare teaching institute in Rajasthan.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study involves patients older than 18 years attending either out-patient clinics or who were admitted in the wards in a healthcare teaching institute for seeking care for diabetes or hypertension. Four hundred patients were chosen purposively and a pretested questionnaire was used to elicit information on incurring OOPs for NCDs. Descriptive statistics (like percentage, mean, median, and standard deviation) were calculated.

Results:
The study shows a significant expenditure other than out-patient, in-patient admissions, in the form of personal expenditure and loss of employment, amounting to 31.86 and 34.07%, respectively, of the mean total expenditure. In a quarter (3 months), the mean total expenditure is

JOURNAL/jfmpc/04.03/01697686-202203000-00043/1083FF01/v/2022-11-21T155320Z/r/image-tiff

9014.37 ± 6452.37. On average, the OOP expenditure per visit for an out-patient visit was

JOURNAL/jfmpc/04.03/01697686-202203000-00043/1083FF01/v/2022-11-21T155320Z/r/image-tiff

370.54 ± 237, while for the patients admitted to the hospital, the average OOPs was

JOURNAL/jfmpc/04.03/01697686-202203000-00043/1083FF01/v/2022-11-21T155320Z/r/image-tiff

1564.72 ± 1310.5.

Conclusions:
Health expenditures can contribute toward the impoverishment of many segments of the community. Undoubtedly, numerous people may tend to neglect the needed care for NCDs due to financial hurdles. Thus, there is a need to develop NCD care management centers with health insurance packages and make them accessible for all.
Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean Protocol Versus Traditional Protocol in Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Gupta Sunanda , Gupta Apoorva , Baghel Aditi S. , Sharma Karuna , Choudhary Savita , Choudhary Vidhu 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Enhanced recovery programs result in reduced morbidity in terms of effective pain control, reduced length of stay (LOS), and an earlier return to normal activities. This study has been conducted to compare Enhanced recovery after caesarean (ERAC) protocol to traditional care of cesarean section (CS) in our institute.

Materials and Methods:
Patients undergoing elective CS were subjected to ERAC protocol (Group A; n = 100) for first six months and traditional protocol (Group B; n = 100) for next six months. Primary outcome was comparison of total duration of stay (readiness to discharge) in the hospital, whereas secondary objectives were intraoperative hemodynamic control and requirement of vasopressor, comparison of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and requirement of analgesics in 24 hrs, barriers to implementation of ERAC components, urinary retention and need of recatheterization and any adverse events perioperatively.

Results:
Significant reduction in LOS or readiness for discharge was found in Group A; 2.85 ± 0.5 vs 5.25 ± 0.61 hrs in Group B (p < 0.0001). Episodes of hypotension and requirement of phenylephrine was significantly more in Group B. (p < 0.0001) VAS scores in Group A were significantly less postoperatively with significant reduction in consumption of rescue analgesic in 24 hrs. (p < 0.001) Components of ERAC protocol were implemented successfully with significant difference in time of ambulation, decatheterization, and resumption of oral feed postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Implementation of ERAC results in significant reduction in LOS in hospital with better pain relief and reduced postoperative opioid requirement following cesarean delivery.
A comparative evaluation of different saliva cleaning regimens on the shear bond strength of two different ceramics with resin cement
Authors: Kumar Tanuj , Kalavathy Natarajan , Shetty Mitha , Kumar P. Roshan , Sanketh Archana K. , Roopa M. 
Published: March 2022

Contamination of all-ceramic restorations with oral fluids during clinical try-in can have a detrimental effect on their clinical performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of four different saliva cleaning regimens on the shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate and zirconia with resin cement.

Materials and Methods:
Ten cubic samples of lithium disilicate pressable ceramic (Group A) and monolithic zirconia (Group B) were fabricated. Four surfaces from each sample were coated with saliva, washed with water, and dried. These surfaces were subsequently treated with four different cleaning protocols (water [A1, B1], isopropyl alcohol [A2, B2], sodium hypochlorite [A3, B3], and Ivoclean™ [A4, B4]) and bonded to composite cylinders using dual-cure resin cement. The specimens were then tested for SBS.

Results:
Group A, subgroup A4 had a significantly higher mean SBS compared to other groups, and for Group B, subgroup B4 had a significantly higher mean SBS compared to other groups. The mean difference in the SBS for subgroup A1 and B1 was −3.862 at P = 0.01; for subgroup A2 and B2, it was −4.164 at P = 0.03; for A3 and B3, it was −4.845 at P < 0.001; and for subgroup A4 and B4, it was −24.990 at P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
Monolithic zirconia specimens showed significantly more SBS compared to lithium disilicate specimens in all subgroups. The mean SBS was highest for surfaces cleaned using Ivoclean in both groups.
Comparison of magnitude and distribution of stress at implant-bone interface in carbon-fiber-reinforced-polyetheretherketone, zirconium, and titanium implant
Authors: Puliya Cheriyath Naveen Edavan , Kalavathy Natarajan , Shetty Mitha , Kumar P. Roshan , Sanketh Archana , Venkataramani Anuradha , Roopa M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Titanium and its alloys are used as implant materials for decades. Zirconium and carbon-fiber-reinforced-polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) are newer materials available in implantology but long-term clinical studies are not yet available to prove their advantages over titanium implants.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the magnitude of stress distribution at implant-bone interface when using titanium, zirconium, and CFR-PEEK implants.

Materials and Methods:
Mandibular first molar was considered for the study along with surrounding bone structure. Implant of specific dimensions was constructed at the first molar region and then lithium disilicate crown was modeled on the abutment. Hypermesh 13.0 software was used for creating finite element models and then assign the material properties for each part. This model was exported to ANSYS 19.2 software for analysis. Loads and boundary conditions were applied to the model and then solved. Interpretation of results was done.

Results:
The results revealed that von Mises stress distribution on medullar bone under different loading conditions, model with zirconium implant with PEEK abutment (Model B) showed better performance compared to others. Von Mises stress distribution on abutment and implant showed that model with CFR-PEEK implant with PEEK abutment (Model C) had better performance compared with others under different loading conditions. Deformation of medullar bone and implant-abutment structure was more in model with CFR-PEEK implant when compared to others although this was within the acceptable limits.

Conclusions:
Within the limitation of the study, it was observed that the magnitude of von Mises stress for all the models was within the acceptable range and hence zirconium and CFR-PEEK can be a suitable alternative to conventional titanium implants.
Influence of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic on breast cancer treatment
Authors: Almoosa Noora 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is a multisystemic inflammatory syndrome that has threatened the health of vulnerable populations worldwide. The most severe effects are seen in the elderly and in immunocompromised patients, leading to increased mortality and complications. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer. With the availability and awareness of early breast screening, immediate therapy is possible once a patient is diagnosed; however, in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, breast cancer patients faced a unique situation where treatment was possibly delayed. To decrease the risk of infection and mortality in patients with solid organ tumors, strategies such as screening for COVID-19 and triaging of surgical patients have been implemented and international guidelines and vaccination guidelines have also been published.

Methods:
This case series descriptive, retrospective study of nine female patients aged 45–69 years was conducted from February 2020 to May 2021.

Results:
Herein, we highlight that it is possible to perform elective surgeries safely in breast cancer patients during a pandemic by implementing COVID-19 risk assessment strategies and using hospital facilities and precautions to avoid the spread of COVID-19. There was no transmission of COVID-19 in any of our patients during the preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up periods.

Conclusion:
The best method for reducing the risk of infection among breast cancer patients includes advocating for a safer standard care by implementing risk assessment strategies and following strict infection control procedures.
Continuous wound drainage after Milligan-Morgan Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Abo-Ryia Mohammad Hamdy , Al-Shareef Mahmoud Moustafa 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Postoperative pain and protracted recovery after open hemorrhoidectomy is a major concern for both patients and surgeons. This study aimed to assess the effect of draining the hemorrhoidectomy wound, on postoperative pain and healing.

Patients and Methods:
Four hundred and sixty patients with Grade III and IV piles were randomized into two groups, in this prospective randomized study. Group A: Received the conventional postoperative care (repeated sitz baths). And Group B: In which continuous wound drainage is achieved by placing a piece of dry, soft, adsorbent gauze, to be changed once it became wet. Both groups were compared regarding postoperative pain, postoperative complications, healing time, and time of return to daily activities and work.

Results:
The mean patients' age was 39.2 ± 15.7 years, with 53.6% of them were females. No significant differences between both groups regarding patients, and disease characteristics. The visual analogue scale score, at the first postoperative day, showed no significant difference in both groups: (P = 0.2024); however, it was significantly lower in postoperative day 4 and day 7: (0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Postoperative complications were similar in both groups; however, the meantime of return to normal daily activity, the meantime of return to work, and the meantime of complete wound healing were significantly shorter in Group B: (P = 0.003, 0.011 and 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion:
Continuous wound drainage after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy significantly decreases pain, significantly facilitate wound healing resulting in significantly earlier return to normal daily activity and return to work.
ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO DEL EFECTO DE LA DURACIÓN DE LA ÉPOCA DE EMPADRONAMIENTO SOBRE LA EFICIENCIA REPRODUCTIVA Y PRODUCTIVA DE OVINOS CRIADOS EN ESTRÉS POR CALOR
Authors: Rodríguez-Carías Abner A. , Fernández-Van Cleve John 
Published: March 2022

ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO DEL EFECTO DE LA DURACIÓN DE LA ÉPOCA DE EMPADRONAMIENTO SOBRE LA EFICIENCIA REPRODUCTIVA Y PRODUCTIVA DE OVINOS CRIADOS EN ESTRÉS POR CALOR
Strategi PT. Gojek Dalam Mengembangkan Transportasi Publik Berbasis Online Di Indonesia
Authors: Iman Abdurrasyid Husain  , Paijatul Rohmah  , Tukiman  
Published: March 2022

Kemajuan teknologi yang sangatlah cepat hingga menyentuh pada ranah industri transportasi di Indonesia. Salah satu transpotasi publik yang sudah memanfaatkan dengan kemajuan teknologi adalah PT. Gojek Indonesia yaitu transportasi publik berbasis online beroda dua. Transpotasi ini menyediakan jasa antar-jemput dan juga pesan-antar. Dengan kemunculan transportasi publik berbasisi online banyak penolakan yang dilakukan oleh transportasi konvensional, selain itu juga adanya pro dan kontro dengan kemunculan transportasi berbasisi online ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara-cara yang dilakukan oleh PT. Gojek Indonesia dalam mengembangkan transportasi publik berbasis online di Indonesia. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian pustaka dan kajian literatur (Library Research Or Literatur Riview) yaitu serangkaian penelitian yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka yang digali melalui jurnal ilmiah, buku, web, dll. Fokus penelitian ini ditekankan pada kepustakaan (Library Research Or Literatur Riview). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis SWOT dengan menganalisis lingkungan internal (IFAS) meliputi kekuatan dan kelemahan sedangkan, lingkungan eksternal (EFAS) meliputi peluang dan ancaman yang kemudian di implementasikan ke dalam bentuk matrik SWOT.
Landasan Filosofis Dan Analisis Terhadap Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Dan Kampus Merdeka
Authors: Muslikh  
Published: March 2022

Kebijakan Merdeka Balajar dan Kampus Merdeka oleh Nadiem Anwar Makarim sebagai Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia merupakan langkah inovatif yang patut diapresiasi dalam upaya meningkatkan SDM berkualitas dan siap memasuki dunia kerja. Dalam kebijakannya, mahasiswa diberi kebebasan : (1) Dapat mengambil 40 SKS (2 semester) di luar perguruan tinggi; (2) Dapat mengambil 20 SKS (satu semester) di Prodi yang berbeda di perguruan tinggi yang sama. Secara ideal agar kebijakan Merdeka Belajar dan Kampus Merdeka dalam dilaksanakan dengan baik, maka diperlukan suatu landasan filosofis beserta analisisnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan (library research). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang hakekat makna belajar; menjelaskan peran status mahasiswa dan kampus dalam menjalankan tugas tri darmanya; Menjelaskan landasan filosofis dan konsepsional pelaksanaan Merdeka Belajar dan Kampus Merdeka; dan Menganalisis semua unsur-unsurnya, sehingga perguruan tinggi sebagai institusi pencetak SDM dapat melaksanakan kebijakan tersebut dengan baik.
Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan Deposit Ratio, Non Performing Loan, Beban Operasional Dibanding Pendapatan Operasional, Return On Asset (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Persero Tahun 2009 -2018 )
Authors: Arief Rahman  , Murdianingsih Dian 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian Ini Berjudul “ANALISIS PENGARUH CAR, LDR, NPL, DAN BOPO TERHADAP ROA (Studi Kasus Pada Bank Persero Tahun 2001-2010)”. Tujuan Penelitian Ini Adalah : Pertama, Untuk Mengetahui Dan Menganalisis Pengaruh Positif Variabel CAR Terhadap Variabel ROA, Kedua Untuk Mengetahui Dan Menganalisis Pengaruh Negatif Variabel LDR Terhadap Variabel ROA, Ketiga Untuk Mengetahui Dan Menganalisis Pengaruh Negatif Variabel NPL Terhadap Variabel ROA, Keempat Untuk Mengetahui Dan Menganalisis Pengaruh Negatif Variabel BOPO Terhadap Variabel ROA, Kelima Untuk Mengetahui Dan Menganalisis Pengaruh Variabel CAR, LDR, NPL, Dan BOPO Terhadap Variabel ROA.Populasi Dalam Penelitian Ini Adalah Bank Persero Dengan Sampel Meliputi Bank BTN, Bank BNI, Bank BRI Dan Bank Mandiri Pada Tahun 2010-2018. Dengan Menggunakan Metode Data Panel (Pooled Data) Diperoleh Data Sebanyak 40 (4x10). Adapun Pengujian Pada Penelitian Ini Dilakukan Dengan Statistik Desciptive, Uji Asumsi Klasik, Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda Dan Uji Hipotesis Berupa Uji T Dan Uji F. Temuan Dari Penelitian Ini Menunjukan Bahwa Variabel CAR, LDR, NPL Dan BOPO Secara Bersama-Sama Berpengaruh Positif Dan Signifikan Terhadap RO.
Efektivitas Simulasi Terhadap Penguatan Kompetensi Guru Dalam Komunikasi Pembelajaran
Authors: Arsad  
Published: March 2022

Tugas pokok guru adalah melaksanakan perencanaan pembelajaran, proses pembelajaran, dan penilaian hasil belajar. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran dibutuhkan kemampuan berkomunikasi yang baik agar pembelajaran di kelas menjadi efektif dan bermakna. Dari hasil penilaian kinerja guru di madrasah, kompetensi guru dalam komunikasi dengan peserta didik masih kurang. Dari 10 guru yang dinilai kinerjanya (berdasarkan instrumen PKG) diperoleh hasil 25% baik, 20% cukup baik, dan 55% kurang. Dari data tersebut sebagai kepala madrasah akan melakukan perbaikan melalui kegiatan simulasi yang dikemas dalam penelitian tindakan sekolah. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam berkomunikasi dapat ditempuh melalui pelatihan dan simulasi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Pre-Experimental Design dengan model desain One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Digunakan desain ini karena terdapat pretest sebelum diberi perlakuan, hasil perlakuan dapat diketahui lebih akurat karena dapat dibandingkan dengan keadaan sebelum diberi perlakuan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru yang telah bersertifikasi. Sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan lembar observasi unjuk kerja. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan data pre test/PKG dan post test (pasca simulasi) dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut; 1) Kemampuan guru dalam komunuikasi pembelajaran sebelum dilaksanakan simulasi nilai minimum 6 dan maksimum 9, rata-rata skor 7,7 dengan standar deviasi 0,8; Kemampuan guru dalam komunuikasi pembelajaran setelah dilaksanakan simulasi menunjukkan skor minimum 7, skor maksimum 12, rata-rata skor 10 dengan standar deviasi 1,3; dan Nilai probabilitas atau sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 <0,05, artinya terdapat perbedaan yang siginifikan kemampuan guru dalam komunikasi pembelajaran sebelum dan sesudah dilaksanakan kegiatan simulasi
Maintaining The Teacher’s Performance of Saint Peter Primary School Kelapa Gading Teachers During Home Online Learning Amidst Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Della Herpriyanti Yovita , Simbolon Bintang R 
Published: March 2022

This qualitative research which has purpose to analyze how to maintain teacher’s performance during home online learning is using descriptive analysis method. Saint Peter Primary School has been using Microsoft 365 and Zoom application in all process of teaching learning and interaction between colleagues and all students during the pandemic time. The use of digital application features have been formed the primary basis of school administration which is conducted individually by teacher of Saint Peter Primary School and was monitored by the school principal. This research was conducted by processing the qualitative data obtained from in-depth interview towards informant of school staff and teachers of Saint Peter Primary School. The data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interview towards informant and so was documentation. The subjects of this research are the school principal and also the teachers. In this qualitative research it is known that teacher’s performance appear in preparing, implementing and assessing the teaching learning with the use of digital applications during the online learning in pandemic time. Despite the all the weakness circumstances of home online learning, it is known that the quality of education is obviously adequate.
Analisis Hubungan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dengan Kecenderungan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa Calon Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hasnawati Hasnawati , Khair Baiq Niswatul , Oktavianti Itsna 
Published: March 2022

Kompetensi berpikir secara kritis merupakan salah satu tuntutan pendidikan abad ini, sehingga menganalisis sejauh mana kemampuan berpikir kritis para calon guru menjadi penting bagi LPTK sebagai acuan untuk memberikan program-program yang sesuai demi terlahirnya guru-guru yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antar Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dengan Kecenderungan Berpikir Kritis mahasiswa calon guru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif dan kulaitatif. Sampel berjumlah 91 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan merupakan mahasiswa Program studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Mataram. Data kecenderungan berpikir kritis diperoleh melalui kuesioner CCTDI dan data keterampilan berpikir kritis diperoleh melalui tes multiple choice three tier. Hasil analisis data diperoleh 42,86 % tingkat keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa calon guru Sekolah Dasar pada kategori tinggi dan 57,14 % pada kategori sedang. Sementara untuk kecenderungan berpikir kritis 5,49 % pada kategori kuat dan 94,51 % pada kategori positif. Adapun hasil uji korelasi antar keduanya diperoleh nilai r sebesar 0,290 yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kecenderungan berpikir kritis dengan kecenderungan berpikir kritis. Berdasarkan hasil ini disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa calon Guru yang memiliki kecenderungan berpikir kritis tinggi juga dapat keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi dan sebaliknya
Quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst: a case report
Authors: Pineda Felipe Gutierrez 
Published: March 2022

Quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst are one of the rarest form of intracranial arachnoid cyst, this unique congenital malformation posses an special risk for hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms due to its proximity to the aqueduct and the brain stem.
The treatment for this cyst tends to be surgical in cases when intracranial hypertension presents by hydrocephalus. Few cases of non surgical treatment of quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst with clinical follow up has been studied in global literature .
Here it’s a case of a young patient with quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst with clinical monitoring for three years without any change in symptoms and without any neurological deterioration over the time