bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐mediated intratumoral self‐assembly of nanotheranostics for enhanced imaging and tumor therapy
Authors: Yuan Yue , Bulte Jeff W. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnzyme‐mediated intratumoral self‐assembled (EMISA) nanotheranostics represent a new class of smart agents for combined imaging and therapy of cancer. Cancer cells overexpress various enzymes that are essential for high metabolism, fast proliferation, and tissue invasion and metastasis. By conjugating small molecules that contain an enzyme‐specific cleavage site to appropriate chemical linkers, it is possible to induce self‐assembly of nanostructures in tumor cells having the target enzyme. This approach of injecting small theranostic molecules that eventually become larger nanotheranostics in situ avoids some of the major limitations that are encountered when injecting larger, pre‐assembled nanotheranostics. The advantage of EMISA nanotheranostics include the avoidance of nonspecific uptake and rapid clearance by phagocytic cells, increased cellular accumulation, reduced drug efflux and prolonged cellular exposure time, all of which lead to an amplified imaging signal and therapeutic efficacy. We review here the different approaches that can be used for preparing EMISA‐based organic, inorganic, or organic/inorganic hybrid nanotheranostics based on noncovalent interactions and/or covalent bonding. Imaging examples are shown for fluorescence imaging, nuclear imaging, photoacoustic imaging, Raman imaging, computed tomography imaging, bioluminescent imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide‐Based Structures
Partners in crime: Proteins implicated in RNA repeat expansion diseases
Authors: Baud Anna , Derbis Magdalena , Tutak Katarzyna , Sobczak Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShort tandem repeats are repetitive nucleotide sequences robustly distributed in the human genome. Their expansion underlies the pathogenesis of multiple neurological disorders, including Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia, fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, and myotonic dystrophies, known as repeat expansion disorders (REDs). Several molecular pathomechanisms associated with toxic RNA containing expanded repeats (RNAexp) are shared among REDs and contribute to disease progression, however, detailed mechanistic insight into those processes is limited. To deepen our understanding of the interplay between toxic RNAexp molecules and multiple protein partners, in this review, we discuss the roles of selected RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) that interact with RNAexp and thus act as “partners in crime” in the progression of REDs. We gather current findings concerning RBPs involved at different stages of the RNAexp life cycle, such as transcription, splicing, transport, and AUG‐independent translation of expanded repeats. We argue that the activity of selected RBPs can be unique or common among REDs depending on the expanded repeat type. We also present proteins that are functionally depleted due to sequestration on RNAexp within nuclear foci and those which participate in RNAexp‐dependent innate immunity activation. Moreover, we discuss the utility of selected RBPs as targets in the development of therapeutic strategies.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
On unitarity of tree-level string amplitudes
Authors: Arkani-Hamed Nima , Eberhardt Lorenz , Huang Yu-tin , Mizera Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Four-particle tree-level scattering amplitudes in string theory are magically consistent with unitarity, reflected in the non-trivial fact that beneath the critical dimension, the residues of the amplitudes on massive poles can be expanded in partial waves with all positive coefficients. While this follows (rather indirectly) from the no-ghost theorem, the simplicity of the statement and its fundamental importance for the physical consistency of string theory begs for a more direct and elementary understanding. In this note we take a step in this direction by presenting a new expression for the partial wave coefficients of string amplitudes, given by surprisingly simple double/triple contour integrals for open/closed strings. This representation allows us to directly prove unitarity of all superstring theories in D ≤ 6 spacetime dimensions, and can also be used to determine various asymptotics of the partial waves at large mass levels.
Holographic complexity and de Sitter space
Authors: Chapman Shira , Galante Damián A. , Kramer Eric David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We compute the length of spacelike geodesics anchored at opposite sides of certain double-sided flow geometries in two dimensions. These geometries are asymptotically anti-de Sitter but they admit either a de Sitter or a black hole event horizon in the interior. While in the geometries with black hole horizons, the geodesic length always exhibit linear growth at late times, in the flow geometries with de Sitter horizons, geodesics with finite length only exist for short times of the order of the inverse temperature and they do not exhibit linear growth. We comment on the implications of these results towards understanding the holographic proposal for quantum complexity and the holographic nature of the de Sitter horizon.
Phenomenology of unusual top partners in composite Higgs models
Authors: Cacciapaglia G. , Flacke T. , Kunkel M. , Porod W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider a particular composite Higgs model which contains SU(3) color octet top partners besides the usually considered triplet representations. Moreover, color singlet top partners are present as well which can in principle serve as dark matter candidates. We investigate the LHC phenomenology of these unusual top partners. Some of these states could be confused with gluinos predicted in supersymmetric models at first glance.
UNITARY REPRESENTATIONS OF THE $$ \mathcal{W} $$3-ALGEBRA WITH c ≥ 2
Authors: CARPI SEBASTIANO , TANIMOTO YOH , WEINER MIHÁLY 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe prove unitarity of the vacuum representation of the $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
3-algebra for all values of the central charge c ≥ 2.We do it by modifying the free field realization of Fateev and Zamolodchikov resulting in a representation which, by a nontrivial argument, can be shown to be unitary on a certain invariant subspace, although it is not unitary on the full space of the two currents needed for the construction. These vacuum representations give rise to simple unitary vertex operator algebras. We also construct explicitly unitary representations for many positive lowest weight values. Taking into account the known form of the Kac determinants, we then completely clarify the question of unitarity of the irreducible lowest weight representations of the $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
3-algebra in the 2 ≤ c ≤ 98 region.
A geochemical study of the Sweet Home mine, Colorado Mineral Belt, USA: formation of deep hydrothermal vein–type molybdenum greisen and base metal mineralization
Authors: Stoltnow Malte , Lüders Volker , de Graaf Stefan , Niedermann Samuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep hydrothermal Mo, W, and base metal mineralization at the Sweet Home mine (Detroit City portal) formed in response to magmatic activity during the Oligocene. Microthermometric data of fluid inclusions trapped in greisen quartz and fluorite suggest that the early-stage mineralization at the Sweet Home mine precipitated from low- to medium-salinity (1.5–11.5 wt% equiv. NaCl), CO2-bearing fluids at temperatures between 360 and 415 °C and at depths of at least 3.5 km. Stable isotope and noble gas isotope data indicate that greisen formation and base metal mineralization at the Sweet Home mine was related to fluids of different origins. Early magmatic fluids were the principal source for mantle-derived volatiles (CO2, H2S/SO2, noble gases), which subsequently mixed with significant amounts of heated meteoric water. Mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric water is constrained by δ2Hw–δ18Ow relationships of fluid inclusions. The deep hydrothermal mineralization at the Sweet Home mine shows features similar to deep hydrothermal vein mineralization at Climax-type Mo deposits or on their periphery. This suggests that fluid migration and the deposition of ore and gangue minerals in the Sweet Home mine was triggered by a deep-seated magmatic intrusion. The findings of this study are in good agreement with the results of previous fluid inclusion studies of the mineralization of the Sweet Home mine and from Climax-type Mo porphyry deposits in the Colorado Mineral Belt.
Local fiscal multipliers of different government spending categories
Authors: van Gemert Thomas , Lieb Lenard , Treibich Tania 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper compares multipliers of different categories of US federal government spending, and in doing so provides a new insight as to why fiscal multipliers may differ across countries and time. We identify exogenous federal government spending shocks at the state level for defense and non-defense spending. Using a projection-based approach, we estimate the cumulative multiplier due to shocks in either of these spending categories. Our results indicate that defense spending yields lower multipliers than non-defense spending. Thus, focusing only on defense spending may result in underestimating the multiplier for government spending.
Diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of Lycium barbarum L.: a new insight into the mechanism of geoherb formation
Authors: Li Yuekun , Chen Kaili , Liu Siyang , Liang Xiaojie , Wang Yajun , Zhou Xuan , Yin Yue , Cao Youlong , An Wei , Qin Ken , Sun Yanfei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLycium barbarum L. is a well-known traditional geoherb in Ningxia, China. The fruits of L. barbarum contain several dietary constituents, and thus, they exert many beneficial effects on human health. However, a few studies have been conducted on the geoherb L. barbarum and its rhizosphere soil fungal community. In this study, we determined the physicochemical properties and fungal community structure of rhizosphere soil of L. barbarum from three regions of China, namely Ningxia (NX), Qinghai (QH), and Xinjiang (XJ), during three development stages of L. barbarum. Soil pH varied between 7.56 and 8.60 across the three regions, indicating that alkaline soil is conducive to the growth of L. barbarum. The majority of soil properties in NX, an authentic geoherb-producing area, were substantially inferior to those in XJ and QH during all three developmental stages. Total sugar, polysaccharide (LBP), and flavonoid contents were the highest in wolfberry fruits from NX. High-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance of the soil fungal population in NX was higher than that in QH and XJ during the flowering and fruiting stage and summer dormant stage. Moreover, the soil fungal diversity increased with the development of wolfberry. Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were the predominant phyla in the rhizosphere fungal communities in all samples. Redundancy analysis showed a significant correlation of the soil-available phosphorus and LBP of wolfberry fruits with the fungal community composition. The characteristics of rhizosphere fungal communities determined in the present study provide insights into the mechanism of geoherb formation in NX wolfberry.
Comparison of analytical sensitivity and efficiency for SARS-CoV-2 primer sets by TaqMan-based and SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR
Authors: Tao Yile , Yue Yang , Qiu Guangyu , Ji Zheng , Spillman Martin , Gai Zhibo , Chen Qingfa , Bielecki Michel , Huber Michael , Trkola Alexandra , Wang Qiyuan , Cao Junji , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to threaten public health. For developing countries where vaccines are still in shortage, cheaper alternative molecular methods for SARS-CoV-2 identification can be crucial to prevent the next wave. Therefore, 14 primer sets recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was evaluated on testing both clinical patient and environmental samples with the gold standard diagnosis method, TaqMan-based RT-qPCR, and a cheaper alternative method, SYBR Green-based RT-qPCR. Using suitable primer sets, such as ORF1ab, 2019_nCoV_N1 and 2019_nCoV_N3, the performance of the SYBR Green approach was comparable or better than the TaqMan approach, even when considering the newly dominating or emerging variants, including Delta, Eta, Kappa, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron. ORF1ab and 2019_nCoV_N3 were the best combination for sensitive and reliable SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostics due to their high sensitivity, specificity, and broad accessibility.

Key points
• With suitable primer sets, the SYBR Green method performs better than the TaqMan one.
• With suitable primer sets, both methods should still detect the new variants well.
• ORF1ab and 2019_nCoV_N3 were the best combination for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
The Application of Human Factors Engineering to Reduce Operating Room Turnover in Robotic Surgery
Authors: Cohen Tara N. , Anger Jennifer T. , Shamash Kevin , Catchpole Kenneth R. , Avenido Raymund , Ley Eric J. , Gewertz Bruce L. , Shouhed Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundChallenges associated with turnover time are magnified in robotic surgery. The introduction of advanced technology increases the complexity of an already intricate perioperative environment. We applied a human factors approach to develop systematic, data‐driven interventions to reduce robotic surgery turnover time.MethodsResearchers observed 40 robotic surgery turnovers at a tertiary hospital [20 pre‐intervention (Jan 2018 to Apr 2018), 20 post‐intervention (Jan 2019 to Jun 2019)]. Components of turnover time, including cleaning, instrument and room set‐up, robot preparation, flow disruptions, and major delays, were documented and analyzed. Surveys and focus groups were used to investigate staff perceptions of robotic surgery turnover time. A multidisciplinary team of human factors experts and physicians developed targeted interventions. Pre‐ and post‐intervention turnovers were compared.ResultsMedian turnover time was 67 min (mean: 72, SD: 24) and 22 major delays were noted (1.1/case). The largest contributors were instrument setup (25.5 min) and cleaning (25 min). Interventions included an electronic dashboard for turnover time reporting, clear designation of roles and simultaneous completion of tasks, process standardization of operating room cleaning, and data transparency through monthly reporting. Post‐intervention turnovers were significantly shorter (U = 57.5, p = .000) and ten major delays were noted.ConclusionsHuman factors analysis generated interventions to improve turnover time. Significant improvements were seen post‐intervention with a reduction in turnover time by a 26 min and decrease in major delays by over 50%. Future opportunities to intervene and further improve turnover time include targeting pre‐ and post‐operative care phases.
Surgical Maneuver and Tactics of Using the Inferior Phrenic Vein as a Landmark in Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Left Adrenalectomy
Authors: Wang Fang‐Ming , Xing Nian‐Zeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdentification and control of the central adrenal vein (CAV) are key steps in laparoscopic adrenalectomy. However, the retroperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy (RLLA) lacks identifiable anatomical landmarks and does not have advantage of quickly exposing CAV. Here, we developed surgical maneuver and tactics of using the inferior phrenic vein (IPV) as a landmark in RLLA. During operations, we searched for the IPV between superior margin of renal artery and anterior aspect of psoas major muscle, and then the left IPV was followed and applied as an anatomical landmark to identify the CAV. Moreover, our study showed that variations in the left adrenal venous anatomy occurred in cases with pheochromocytomas. The application of left IPV as a landmark to search for CAV has important clinical significance in RLLA.
Influence of presence in an inter-professional simulation training of the emergency caesarean section: a cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Flentje Markus , Hagemann Vera , Brodowski Lars , Papageorgiou Spiyridon , von Kaisenberg Constantin , Eismann Hendrik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeEmergency training using simulation is a method to increase patient safety in the delivery room. The effect of individual training concepts is critically discussed and requires evaluation. A possible influence factor of success can be the perceived reality of the participants. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the presence in a simulated emergency caesarean section improves subjective effect of the training and evaluation.MethodsIn this observation study, professionals took part in simulated emergency caesarean sections to improve workflow and non-technical skills. Presence was measured by means of a validated questionnaire, effects and evaluation by means of a newly created questionnaire directly after the training. Primary outcome was a correlation between presence and assumed effect of training and evaluation.Results106 participants (70% of course participants) answered the questionnaires. Reliability of the presence scale was good (Cronbach’s alpha 0.72). The presence correlated significantly with all evaluated items of non-technical skills and evaluation of the course. The factor “mutual support” showed a high effect size (0.639), the overall evaluation of the course (0.395) and the willingness to participate again (0.350) a medium effect. There were no differences between the professional groups.ConclusionThe presence correlates with the assumed training objectives and evaluation of the course. If training is not successful, it is one factor that needs to be improved.
Value of a lateral inferior pedicle flap in Draf IIb for recurrent frontal sinus diseases: a prospective study
Authors: He Chao , Zhen Hong-Tao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The Draf IIb procedure allows the widest unilateral access to the frontal sinus in a minimally invasive fashion, with efficiency and safety comparable to the Draf III. However, this technique is still associated with a high postoperative stenosis rate. The exposure of drilled bone induces osteitis predisposing to scarring and neo-osteogenesis causing ostium restenosis. We developed a novel lateral inferior pedicle flap (LIPF) to cover the exposed bone and prevent restenosis during Draf IIb. We aimed to describe our technique.

Methods
Adult patients requiring a Draf IIb for unilateral recurrent frontal sinus disease were prospectively enrolled. A LIPF technique was systematically performed. Demographics and complications were recorded. The primary outcome measure was neo-ostium patency at 12 months. In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the clinical control rate was evaluated at 12 months.

Results
59 patients underwent the Draf IIb with LIPF technique from 2013 to 2021. 49 patients (20 women/29 men, median age of 48.0 years) completed at least 12 months of follow-up (median 41.0 months, range 12–100 months). Indications included recalcitrant CRS (n = 32), inverted papilloma (n = 9) and frontal mucocele (n = 8). Overall, the neo-ostium remained patent at 12 months in all patients, and the clinical control rate of 32 patients with recalcitrant CRS at 12 months was 100%. No main complications were recorded.

Conclusion
The LIPF technique was associated with a high rate of success for a Draf IIb.
Phylogenetic analysis of forkhead transcription factors in the Panarthropoda
Authors: Schomburg Christoph , Janssen Ralf , Prpic Nikola-Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFox genes encode transcription factors that contain a DNA binding domain, the forkhead domain, and are known from diverse animal species. The exact homology of the Fox genes of different species is debated and this makes inferences about the evolution of the Fox genes, and their duplications and losses difficult. We have performed phylogenetic analyses of the Fox gene complements of 32 panarthropod species. Our results confirm an ancestral complement of FoxA, FoxB, FoxC, FoxD, FoxF, FoxG, FoxJ1, FoxJ2/3, FoxK, FoxL1, FoxL2, FoxN1/4, FoxN2/3, FoxO, FoxP, and FoxQ2 in the Arthropoda, and additionally FoxH and FoxQ1 in the Panarthropoda (including tardigrades and onychophorans). We identify a novel Fox gene sub-family, that we designate as FoxT that includes two genes in Drosophila melanogaster, Circadianly Regulated Gene (Crg-1) and forkhead domain 3F (fd3F). In a very recent paper, the same new Fox gene sub-family was identified in insects (Lin et al. 2021). Our analysis confirms the presence of FoxT and shows that its members are present throughout Panarthropoda. We show that the hitherto unclassified gene CG32006 from the fly Drosophila melanogaster belongs to FoxJ1. We also detect gene losses: FoxE and FoxM were lost already in the panarthropod ancestor, whereas the loss of FoxH occurred in the arthropod ancestor. Finally, we find an ortholog of FoxQ1 in the bark scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus, confirmed not only by phylogenetic analysis, but also by forming an evolutionarily conserved gene cluster with FoxF, FoxC, and FoxL1. This suggests that FoxQ1 belongs to the ancestral Fox gene complement in panarthropods and also in chelicerates, but has been lost at the base of the mandibulate arthropods.
The genomic characteristics of RET fusion positive tumors in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
Authors: Wu Guowu , Guo Longhua , Gu Yinfang , Huang Tanxiao , Liu Ming , Zou Xiaofang , Yang Bo , Huang Ping , Wen Chunling , Yi Lilan , Liao Wenting , Zhao Dongdong , Zhu Junlin , Zhang Xiaoni , Liu Yuanyuan , Yin Yan , Chen Shifu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Approximately 1–2% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbor RET (rearranged during transfection) fusions. The oncogenic RET fusions could lead to constitutive kinase activation and oncogenesis.

Methods
1746 Chinese NSCLC patients were analyzed in this study. Tumor tissues were collected, and were formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and archived. Peripheral blood (PB) samples were also collected from each patient as control. In addition, we selected 17 of them for cfDNA NGS testing and 14 tumor samples for immunohistochemistry testing using PD-L1 rabbit monoclonal antibody, clones 28-8 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK).

Results
Of the 1746 NSCLC cases, RET rearrangements were identified in 25 cases (1.43%) with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, of which 20 (80%) were female. We found that 14 out of 25 patients had an KIF5B-RET fusion, with KIF5B exon15-RET exon12, KIF5B exon23-RET exon12, and KIF5B exon24-RET exon11 detected in 14, 3, and 1 patients, respectively. We also identified one novel RET fusion partner PLCE1 and 4 intergenic-breakpoint fusions.

Conclusion
In this study, using the hybrid capture based next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, we revealed the genomic profiling for the patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that exhibited the detailed breakpoints of Chinese NSCLC patients with RET rearrangement, and we found a novel new partner PLCE1. The results provided genomic information for patients with RET fusion which is significant for personalized clinical management in the era of precision medicine.