bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Tracing out the trajectory of Purdy’s career, the Introduction begins with a prologue describing Dame Edith Sitwell’s rapturous encounter in 1956 with the stories of an unknown American writer. It summarizes the strategy by which Purdy, who struggled to get published, was aided by two friends who privately published a story collection and a novella. Purdy mailed them to writers, poets, and critics with whom he thought his work might resonate and received copious responses from notables like Tennessee Williams. The support of recipients like Edith Sitwell and his greatest early American champion, Carl Van Vechten, led to his publication in Great Britain, then in the United States. Sitwell’s predictions that Purdy would receive great recognition in the future did not happen, and the Introduction explores various reasons why he remained a cult writer instead of becoming canonical, after a boom of critical praise and academic attention in the early-to-mid-1960s.
The Running Sons
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
While the United States prepared for war, Purdy enlisted and served in the Army Air Corps but was not sent overseas. After basic training, he did desk jobs and was trained in the Spanish language. He was stationed near Biloxi, Mississippi, writing in his tent or barracks. A few weeks after the invasion of Pearl Harbor, Purdy was honorably discharged following throat surgery. He then acted as Norman MacLeish’s personal assistant and companion, traveling into Mexico. Next, he worked for the US Office of Education, part of the Federal Security Agency, in inter-American education relations, before training in Spanish in Puebla, Mexico. He returned to the University of Chicago for more Spanish study, moving in with Gertrude Abercrombie, her husband, and daughter, and mixed with artists and jazz musicians. Soon after the close of World War II, he taught in Havana, Cuba. He struggled to publish, but another story was published in 1946.
Success Story
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter traces Purdy’s move to New York, the reception of Malcolm (1959), the drafting of The Nephew, and a visit from Italo Calvino. In August 1957 the couple moved to Manhattan so that James could pursue his writing career in the cultural center. Purdy and Sjoblom entered Carl Van Vechten’s glittering social world and “Jaime” and “Carlo” began to exchange a flurry of letters and poems. Through him Purdy met writer Coleman Dowell, who became a rival, and the dancer and mime Paul Swan. New Directions published Color of Darkness in December 1957, collecting stories and the novella 63: Dream Palace. Purdy’s work was brave in treating homosexuality sympathetically. He was now successfully placing his stories in major magazines. He was pursued and signed by Farrar, Straus & Cudahy and Robert Giroux became his editor. In late 1958, Jorma and James moved into a studio apartment in Brooklyn Heights.
Threshold of Assent
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter has Purdy reaching the threshold of assent, borrowing a chapter title from The Nephew (1960). He reached a crest of critical praise and received prestigious grants. The Nephew’s reception by poets, writers, and critics is traced, including responses from William Carlos Williams and James Merrill. Outrage and fallout followed the novel’s publication in Bowling Green, Ohio, since characters were based on locals. His father there and mother in Findlay dealt with Richard Purdy’s alcoholism after his acting career nosedived in 1957. In 1961, dramatizations of Purdy’s works including Malcolm were staged in New York involving stars like Ruth Ford and Eli Wallach. A second collection included two short plays that were published in women’s magazines, showing his broad appeal. Edith Sitwell gave Children Is All hosannahs of praise, stoking envy and a desire to question it in some.
Lighting Out
Authors: Snyder Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter narrates three 1970s summers that Purdy spent in the Bay Area, socializing with old friends like Sam Steward and Bob Helps and making new friends. It was rare for him to spend so much time away from New York. It traces the creation of his classic short novel, In a Shallow Grave, and his gothic horror, Narrow Rooms, both published by Arbor House, to whom he signed after Doubleday. While the former received a positive review in the New York Times by novelist Jerome Charyn, Narrow Rooms was given a drubbing in the Times by Katha Pollitt, which Purdy obsessed upon. He spent the summer of 1978 in Provincetown, much of it with his young friend, writer John Stewart Wynne. The chapter also narrates the emergence of a long-lasting friendship between Purdy and the actor John Uecker, who became his assistant, companion, and director of his plays.
A Brilliant Commodity
Authors: Snyder Saskia Coenen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During the late nineteenth century, thousands of diggers, prospectors, merchants, and dealers extracted and shipped over 50 million carats of rough diamonds from South Africa to Europe. The primary supplier to the world, South Africa’s diamond fields became one of the formative sites of modern capitalist production. At each stage of the diamond’s route through the British empire and beyond—from Cape Town to London, from Amsterdam to New York City—carbon gems were primarily traded, appraised, manufactured, and sold by Jews. A Brilliant Commodity traces how once-peripheral Jewish populations became the central architects of a new, global exchange of diamonds that connected African sites of supply, European manufacturing centers, American retailers, and Western consumers. Centuries of restrictions had limited Jews to trade and finance, businesses that relied heavily on internal networks. Jews were well positioned to become key players in the earliest stage of the diamond trade and its growth into a global industry, a development fueled by technological advancements, a dramatic rise in the demand of luxury goods, and an abundance of rough stones. Mercantile and familial ties across continents aided Jews in creating a highly successful commodity chain that included buyers, brokers, cutters, factory owners, financiers, and retailers. Working within a diasporic ethnic community that bridged city and countryside, metropole and colony, Jews helped build a flourishing diamond industry, notably Hatton Garden in London and the Diamond District of New York City, and a place for themselves in the modern world.
Conclusion
Authors: Snyder Saskia Coenen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The concluding chapter takes the international diamond trade into the twentieth-century, particularly the 1930s and 1940s. It zooms in on two Jewish trailblazers in the business: Henri Polak, the founder of the Dutch Diamond Workers’ Union and Ernest Oppenheimer, chairman of De Beers Consolidated Mining Company in South African and London. Juxtaposing these extraordinary figures, the conclusion brings together the multifaceted history of the international diamond trade. The conclusion underscores that Jews played formative roles in the creation of a lasting commodity chain in gems. In turn, diamonds helped shape the modern Jewish experience on three continents. But gemstones also exhibited their power outside the immediate orbit of commerce, influencing urban planning, spawning labor movements, manipulating spending habits, coloring stereotypes about Jews, and driving patterns of migration. A close analysis of the diamond reveals the interconnectedness of Jewish and imperial histories, as well as the complexities of the modern world.
The Attribute of Omnisubjectivity (2013, 2016)
Authors: Zagzebski Linda Trinkaus 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper is an expanded and modified version of Zagzebski’s 2013 Aquinas Lecture, Omnisubjectivity: A Defense of a Divine Attribute. Omnisubjectivity as Zagzebski defines it is the property of having a complete and perfect grasp of the subjective states of all beings with subjectivity from the first-person perspective of those beings. This paper argues that omnisubjectivity is entailed by omniscience and omnipresence and is implied by common practices of prayer. The paper also includes some reflections on the implications of omnisubjectivity for the doctrine of the Trinity. The aim is to explain how omnisubjectivity is possible without merging the mind of God with the minds of creatures.
Ethics in Transdisciplinary Practice
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter defines the three basic meanings of ethics: as a way of defining the “Good,” as a set of basic principles that emerge from ethical deliberation, and as a way of establishing standards to interact with professionals outside a given field. The chapter explores professional ethical codes from law, medicine, and public health and identifies ways in which ethics are supported or enforced through law.
The Constitution, Federalism, and Federal Preemption
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the role of the Constitution in federal government, defines federalism, and explains the types of federal preemption at play in public health policy. The chapter begins with an exploration of the U.S. Constitution; it explains the Constitution’s history and the role that the Constitution plays in public health policy formation. The chapter next defines the concept of federalism and details the Supremacy Clause and the Tenth Amendment. It briefly discusses the division of labor and authority between state/local governments and the federal government regarding public health laws. Last, the chapter delves into the concept of federal preemption. It applies the concepts of preemption to an in-depth example involving tobacco regulation; this example explores both express and implied preemption.
Constitutional Limitations
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the impact of the First and Second Amendments to the U.S. Constitution on the exercise of the police power for public health. The chapter reviews how the courts have applied the First Amendment’s Free Speech Clause to health measures touching commercial speech and describes the standards courts use to assess whether public health laws unconstitutionally burden religious practice. Finally, the chapter explains the limitations imposed on gun control measures by the Second Amendment and the interplay of law and politics in the regulation of firearms.
Strategic Considerations in Creating a Legal Proposal
Authors: Burris Scott , Berman Micah L. , Penn Matthew , Holiday Tara Ramanathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 15 reviews the importance of strategy and research in the formation and drafting of a proposed public health law, including assessing potential support and opposition. The chapter dictates an iterative process whereby the proposal’s drafter should first seek to understand their own proposal and its goals, explore the values- and practical-based interests behind why anyone would care about the legal proposal, identify groups of people and individuals who sympathize with or oppose the interests or burdens underlying all aspects of the proposal, research the history and positions of these groups, and anticipate challenges to the proposed enactment and implementation.
The Politics of Force
Authors: Lawrence Regina G. , Richardson Allissa V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book considers how media coverage of unexpected, dramatic events shapes public consciousness about important social and political problems. It argues that when incidents of police brutality become news, they offer one of the few real battlegrounds available for marginalized voices and activists to find a public platform and take on the powerful. Including new chapters that look more closely at race and racial justice in incidents of police force, the text reflects on the context in which the first edition was written—a time when race and policing were rarely discussed in the news or in the field of political communication—and considers what has changed in media studies since the year 2000, what hasn’t changed, and why. It considers coverage of more recent incidents of police violence and the ways in which the voices of citizen activists are treated in the news today. The text also addresses the important question of how defining political problems through such events might or might not produce more lasting policy change.
Making Big News
Authors: Lawrence Regina G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter determines which police use-of-force incidents become major news stories and looks at how they differ from those that do not. It cites cases of police use of force that were reported in the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times between 1985 and 1994. Interestingly, only a handful of these became major, highly controversial news stories. The chapter also explains how these cases present a puzzle as the details of many of these incidents are similarly ambiguous and could be construed as disturbing. The chapter highlights the contextual factors that influenced the news coverage of the Rodney King case. These factors provide the starting point for more systematic analysis that examines the varying news coverage given to a large number of use-of-force incidents. The chapter develops a typology of critical story cues which influence how use-of-force incidents are represented in the news.
Accidents Will Happen
Authors: Lawrence Regina G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers questions about the prevalence and causes of police brutality, which have continued to spark controversy in both New York and Los Angeles. It illustrates this with the Amadou Diallo case, which initiated an intensive struggle to define a policing problem in New York, even making its way into the presidential campaign. The chapter also explores the meaning of future news events, which can be constructed out of the complex interplay between communication strategies and story cues as police, elected officials, experts, activists, and grassroots communities vie to push the story in different directions. The chapter presents a research and theoretical framework that more closely joins studies of the social construction of the news with studies of the construction of public problems. It discusses how the official dominance of the public definitions of policy issues, also known as institutionally driven problem definition, anchors one end of a continuum of news dynamics.
A New Conclusion
Authors: Lawrence Regina G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter centers on George Floyd, who was killed by Minneapolis police on May 25, 2020. His death was excruciatingly captured in a bystander video that quickly went viral, which accelerated the growth in media attention on policing, underway since the death of Michael Brown in 2014. The chapter explains how the resulting increased attention caused a shift toward framing police brutality as a systemic problem—a framing that emerged quickly in the news about Floyd’s death. The chapter reveals how the issue of police brutality usually appears only sporadically in the news and police use of force is usually framed in ways that normalize rather than problematize it. Most use-of-force incidents receive only short, episodically framed coverage in the absence of story cues such as competing eyewitness accounts, legal proceedings against officers, or citizen protests.
Judicial
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Article IV organizes the judicial branch and covers the structure, powers, and jurisdiction of Ohio’s “constitutional courts”—the Ohio Supreme Court, the Ohio Courts of Appeals, and the Ohio Courts of Common Pleas—and any “statutory courts” that the General Assembly creates. Problems with Ohio’s judicial system, especially its lack of efficiency, were among the principal reasons for the adoption of the 1851 Ohio Constitution. Consistent with changes being made in other states during the wave of constitutional revision in the post-Jacksonian era, the 1851 Constitution transferred the power to select judges from the General Assembly to the voters. In 1912, amendments to this article created intermediate courts of appeals, increased the membership on the Ohio Supreme Court from six to seven justices, and created the position of an elected chief justice. The 1912 amendments also added a supermajority requirement that limited the ability of the Ohio Supreme Court to hold state statutes unconstitutional. The Modern Courts Amendment, adopted in 1968, made extensive revisions in this article, including the elimination of the supermajority requirement.
Corporations
Authors: Steinglass Steven H. , Scarselli Gino J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Article XIII deals with the formation of corporations and with the power of the state to regulate them. The 1851 Constitution adopted this article in response to the abuses involved in the incorporation of private and municipal corporations under the 1802 Constitution. Private and municipal corporations are “creatures of the state,” owing their existence to state law, and this article forbids the General Assembly from passing special acts “conferring corporate powers.” This article also limits the power of the General Assembly to adopt legislation concerning banking powers without the approval of the voters, and it limits the imposition of personal liability on stockholders beyond their share of stock in a corporation.
Cultivating Belonging
Authors: Stein Jan Edl 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter addresses the emotional responses of anxiety, fear, depression, and dissociation that may all arise in times of collective crisis or perceived collective threat from a clinical, experiential viewpoint. Referencing the COVID-19 crisis and lessons learned from a clinical practice during this time, Jan Edl Stein uses a depth and somatic psychology lens to explore ecopsychological developments and interventions that can address these responses, cultivate resilience, and promote a radical shift in perspective that is more sustainable going forward. Cultivating this shift in perspective and self/other experience is essential for successfully traversing a collective trauma event and emerging with resilience and a more sustainable perspective. The author shows how these approaches are applicable to climate change trauma, while also referencing her own experiences navigating and recovering from the coronavirus.
Walking, Wilderness, and Exposure
Authors: Kirby Christopher C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines Thoreau’s experiences on Mt. Katahdin, vis-à-vis exposure science and wilderness therapy. A close reading of Thoreau’s account suggests the experience had a profound effect on him, emotionally and philosophically, an effect that is relevant to environmental exposure and eco-vulnerability in the contexts of the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. Thoreau’s experience on that mountain presented to him an aspect of wilderness antithetical to the romantic, transcendentalist notions he previously held and ultimately led to more nuanced, therapeutic depictions found in works like “Walking” and Walden. That such a reconciliation was possible for Thoreau suggests a privileged insulation from trauma not afforded to many. It also indicates the value of both philosophical contemplation and wilderness therapy to promote psychological resilience and adaptability. The author argues philosophers should begin to engage conceptually and normatively with exposure, vulnerability, and resilience.
Setting Up for Practice with Eco-Conscious Clients
Authors: Jones Jamie Keaton 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers ways that therapists can make their settings more eco-sensitive to meet the needs of their clients and the planet. It covers the following topics: office location, location amenities, landscaping around the office, furniture, therapist clothing choice, notes and online forms, temperature control, lighting, office etiquette, the presence of eco-conscious therapy props, and ways to incorporate these suggestions in sessions that use videoconferencing. Each of these sections will contain examples, research, and practical applications and suggestions. At the conclusion of the chapter, readers will understand how their office settings can be used to support clients seeking treatment for eco-anxiety and beyond.
Telepsychology as the Primary Mental Health Care Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines
Authors: Hernani Emmanuel Villoria 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the role of telepsychology in the response to the pandemic in the Philippines. In response to this crisis, professionals and organizations offered online services instead of the usual face-to-face interactions in observance of the implemented quarantine and social distancing. Consequently, telepsychology became a viable tool for addressing mental health issues. This chapter discusses the author’s experience in doing telepsychology and the actions taken by other service providers; ethical and legal issues in the practice of telepsychology; and challenges in light of sociocultural and economic milieus. As an emerging economy, many Filipinos live below the poverty line and have little or no internet access. The Filipino family system, beliefs about mental health and illness, and the physical arrangement of a typical Filipino household also pose challenges. This chapter also examines amendments of existing protocols and policies to include telehealth platforms.
An Empire of Liberty? 1790–1793
Authors: Covo Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The struggle over free trade revealed the competition of colonial pressure groups and shed light on imperial revolutionary politics. The free-trade debate could not be disentangled from Saint-Domingue’s racial context. Under these circumstances, the colonial and revolutionary politics of the early 1790s were at odds with the philosophical standpoints of all the actors involved. The chapter looks at the bitter debates between and among French revolutionaries, merchants, Saint-Domingue colonists, mixed-race planters, and other interest groups over the exclusif (colonial monopoly), the rights of free people of color, and the relationship between colonies and metropole. The eruption of the largest slave insurrection in history and the creation of the republic raised the stakes of the controversy.
Politicizing Merchant Identities, 1793–1798
Authors: Covo Manuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The chapter describes how new patterns of commercial circulation in a Caribbean at war challenged and generated political identities in the new revolutionary polities. The commercial partnership remained strong between Saint-Domingue, which exported coffee in substantial quantities, and the United States, which provisioned the island. Although remaining loyal to France through treaty, American ship owners were still willing to trade with the enemy using the usual subterfuges, forged documents, and layovers in Scandinavian colonies. And the ambitions of states to control the flow of goods and people did not change their dependence on cooperation with merchants for food, credit, and ammunition. The political situation led traders to classify their activities in political terms, defining themselves as French, American, British, or Danish, refugee or deportee, royalist or republican, privateer or smuggler, whatever was acceptable to local authorities. However, the chaotic construction of imperial nation-states and their bureaucratic infrastructures made such fluidity increasingly difficult and explosive. An undeclared naval war between France and the United States started in 1798.