bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lévy processes in bounded domains: path-wise reflection scenarios and signatures of confinement
Authors: Garbaczewski Piotr , Żaba Mariusz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We discuss an impact of various (path-wise) reflection-from-the barrier scenarios upon confining properties of a paradigmatic family of symmetric α-stable Lévy processes, whose permanent residence in a finite interval on a line is secured by a two-sided reflection. Depending on the specific reflection ‘mechanism’, the inferred jump-type processes differ in their spectral and statistical characteristics, like e.g. relaxation properties, and functional shapes of invariant (equilibrium, or asymptotic near-equilibrium) probability density functions in the interval. The analysis is carried out in conjunction with attempts to give meaning to the notion of a reflecting Lévy process, in terms of the domain of its motion generator, to which an invariant pdf (actually an eigenfunction) does belong.
Evaluation of mechanical and wear properties of AA6063/(Si3N4)6%–12% /(CuN2O6)2%–4% composite via PM route and optimization through robust design technique
Authors: Sureshkumar P , Sasikumar C , Rajan S Thanga Kasi , Jagadeesha T , L Natrayan , Ravichandran M , Veeman Dhinakaran , Borek Wojciech 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study is to investigate the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of Al6063 alloy reinforced by Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) & compound Copper Nitrate (CuN2O6) processed via Powder Metallurgy (PM) Techniques. Incorporation of reinforcement in matrix material ranged from 6 to 12% Si3N4 in a 6-step interval, and 2 to 6%CuN2O6 in a two-step interval. The characterizations were made on the PM produced specimens using OM, EDS, XRD and hardness. The reinforcement particles were distributed uniformly is attributed by homogeneous mixer of matrix and reinforcements. The tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM Standards on the Al6063 alloy and its composites. The test findings show that as the reinforcing percentage of ceramic and inorganic compound is increased, properties such as hardness and density rise monolithically and considerably. The dispersion of Si3N4 and CuN2O6 reinforcement in the AA6061 matrix was ensured by x-ray diffraction patterns. In comparison to the base alloy, the hardness of AA6063/12%Si3N4/6% CuN2O6 improved by 88% due to the mismatch of thermal expansion between the Al matrix and reinforcement causes huge internal stress, causing the aluminium matrix to deform plastically to lodge the smaller volume expansion of Si3N4 and CuN2O6 particles. The dry sliding wear test was carried out on a tribometer with a pin-on-disc arrangement, and the findings show that the composite has a higher wear resistance. The Taguchi design of experiments was used to investigate the solution containing parameters employing an orthogonal array, the signal-to-noise ratio, and analysis of variance. The weight percentage of Si3N4/CuN2O6 compound and the relationship between wt% of reinforcement and applied load had the highest impact on composite wear resistance, accounted for 31.66%. Before and after the wear morphology during the wear test, images from a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive microscopy were used to examine the manufactured composites.
Equivalence of quantum barren plateaus to cost concentration and narrow gorges
Authors: Arrasmith Andrew , Holmes Zoë , Cerezo M , Coles Patrick J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Optimizing parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) is the leading approach to make use of near-term quantum computers. However, very little is known about the cost function landscape for PQCs, which hinders progress towards quantum-aware optimizers. In this work, we investigate the connection between three different landscape features that have been observed for PQCs: (1) exponentially vanishing gradients (called barren plateaus (BPs)), (2) exponential cost concentration about the mean, and (3) the exponential narrowness of minima (called narrow gorges). We analytically prove that these three phenomena occur together, i.e., when one occurs then so do the other two. A key implication of this result is that one can numerically diagnose BPs via cost differences rather than via the computationally more expensive gradients. More broadly, our work shows that quantum mechanics rules out certain cost landscapes (which otherwise would be mathematically possible), and hence our results could be interesting from a quantum foundations perspective.
External magnetic effect for the security of practical quantum key distribution
Authors: Tan Hao , Zhang Wei-Yang , Zhang Likang , Li Wei , Liao Sheng-Kai , Xu Feihu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows remote parties to share secret keys with proven security. To guarantee the security of practical QKD, the imperfections in realistic devices need to be characterized and considered in practical security analysis. Particularly, a standard QKD system normally uses optical isolator or optical circulator in the transmitter to prevent the injection from external light. Here we find that the optical isolators and circulators, commonly based on the Faraday effect, are subject to the perturbation from external magnetic fields. With this, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the security for practical QKD due to external magnetic effect. We experimentally demonstrate the influence of magnetic fields on both the transmittance and the isolation of standard optical isolators and circulators. We analyze the security risks caused by the potential magnetic attacks, together with the corresponding countermeasures.
Wadge-like degrees of Borel bqo-valued functions
Authors: Kihara Takayuki , Selivanov Victor 
Published: June 2022

We unite two well known generalisations of the Wadge theory. The first one considers more general reducing functions than the continuous functions in the classical case, and the second one extends Wadge reducibility from sets (i.e.,

{
0
,
1
}

\{0,1\}

-valued functions) to

Q
Q

-valued functions, for a better quasiorder

Q
Q

. In this article, we consider more general reducibilities on the

Q
Q

-valued functions and generalise some results of L. Motto Ros [J. Symbolic Logic 74 (2009), pp. 27–49] in the first direction and of T. Kihara and A. Montalbán [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 370 (2018), pp. 9025–9044] in the second direction: Our main result states that the structure of the

Δ

α
0

\mathbf {\Delta }^0_\alpha

-degrees of

Δ

α
+
γ

0

\mathbf {\Delta }^0_{\alpha +\gamma }

-measurable

Q
Q

-valued functions is isomorphic to the

Δ

β
0

\mathbf {\Delta }^0_\beta

-degrees of

Δ

β
+
γ

0

\mathbf {\Delta }^0_{\beta +\gamma }

-measurable

Q
Q

-valued functions, and these are isomorphic to the generalized homomorphism order on the

γ
\gamma

-th iterated

Q
Q

-labeled forests.
Data-Driven Commentary on SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Vaccination, and Fertility
Authors: Klipstein Sigal , Dionne Jodie A , Feinberg Eve C , Kawwass Jennifer F , Pfeifer Samantha M , Schlegel Peter N , Racowsky Catherine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA recent study by Wesselink et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(8):1383–1395) adds to the growing body of research finding that vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is safe for individuals either seeking pregnancy or who are pregnant. The study’s authors found no effect of COVID-19 vaccination on fecundity in a population of individuals with no known infertility who were attempting conception. The finding reinforces the messaging of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine COVID-19 Task Force, the aim of which is to provide data-driven recommendations to individuals contemplating pregnancy in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. As safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines became available, and with an increasing number of studies showing a heightened risk of severe disease during pregnancy, an important role of the Task Force is to encourage vaccination during the preconceptual window and in early pregnancy. The Task Force supports ongoing research to address gaps in knowledge about safe and effective therapies and preventive measures for individuals contemplating pregnancy and during pregnancy. Such research will help optimize care for reproductive-age individuals in the face of current and future health crises.
Primary Aldosteronism: State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Vaidya Anand , Hundemer Gregory L , Nanba Kazutaka , Parksook Wasita W , Brown Jenifer M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We are witnessing a revolution in our understanding of primary aldosteronism (PA). In the past 2 decades, we have learned that PA is a highly prevalent syndrome that is largely attributable to pathogenic somatic mutations, that contributes to cardiovascular, metabolic, and kidney disease, and that when recognized, can be adequately treated with widely available mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and/or surgical adrenalectomy. Unfortunately, PA is rarely diagnosed, or adequately treated, mainly because of a lack of awareness and education. Most clinicians still possess an outdated understanding of PA; from primary care physicians to hypertension specialists, there is an urgent need to redefine and reintroduce PA to clinicians with a modern and practical approach. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide readers with the most updated knowledge on the pathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of PA. In particular, we underscore the public health importance of promptly recognizing and treating PA and provide pragmatic solutions to modify clinical practices to achieve this.
Development of a New Dislodgeable Foliar Residue Analytical Laboratory Method for Pesticides
Authors: Badawy Mohamed H , Murnane Darragh , Lewis Kathleen A , Morgan Neil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The dislodgeable foliar residue (DFR) is the amount of pesticide that exists on foliage after the pesticide has dried and which could dislodge to the skin or clothes of workers and is a key parameter for non-dietary risk assessments required to demonstrate safe use for pesticide registration. DFR data in the literature are described as insufficiently reliable, limited, and encompasses considerable statistical uncertainties. The purpose of this article is to describe a newly developed laboratory method for the quantification of DFR with an illustrative example. The laboratory method reflected available field DFR methodology but involved controlled application of droplets to leaves and validation of the wash-off process used to remove the residue from the leaf surface before the analytical quantification. A very high level of accuracy (99.7–102.1%) and precision (±1.5%) was achieved. Residue data generated from the illustrated application of the method showed a robust normal distribution, unlike field studies. The method is deemed to be controllable, cost-efficient, and time-saving, taking hours rather than days. This enables the generation of more data to allow extrapolation between the generated data by investigating multiple factors that may influence DFR. An improved understanding of DFR could save time, money, and resources.
Enzymatic synthesis of non-natural flavonoids by combining geranyl pyrophosphate C6-methyltransferase and aromatic prenyltransferase
Authors: Tsutsumi Hayama , Urano Naoki , Katsuyama Yohei , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products and are derived from C5 isoprene units. Recent discoveries of modification enzymes in native isoprene units before cyclization or transfer reactions have revealed that C5 units with additional carbon atoms are also used to produce terpenoids. These reports indicate that the utilization of these modification enzymes is useful for the enzymatic production of non-natural terpenoids. In this study, we have attempted to produce methylgeranyl polyphenols, which are not observed in nature, by combining a geranyl pyrophosphate C6 methyltransferase, BezA, which was discovered from the benzastatin biosynthetic pathway, and the promiscuous prenyltransferase NphB, which catalyzes prenylation of various flavonoids. We successfully synthesized five methylgeranylated flavonoids from naringenin, apigenin, and genistein. This result demonstrates that BezA is a powerful tool for the synthesis of novel non-natural terpenoids.
Ten-Eleven Translocation-3 CXXC domain is critical for postfertilization demethylation and expression of pluripotency genes in pig embryos
Authors: Uh Kyungjun , Lee Kiho 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Enzymes of the ten-eleven translocation family are considered to play an important role in the regulation of DNA methylation patterns by converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Known as a maternal transcript enriched in mature oocytes, ten-eleven translocation-3 (TET3) has been suggested to initiate DNA demethylation of the paternal genome in zygotes. Previous studies in mouse cells indicate that the N-terminal CXXC domain of TET3 is important in catalyzing the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine through its potential DNA binding ability; however, it is not clear whether the DNA binding capacity of CXXC domain is required for the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine conversion in mammalian embryos. Here, we identified TET3 isoforms in porcine oocytes and investigated the role of the oocyte specific TET3 isoform (pTET3L) in controlling postfertilization demethylation in porcine embryos. The pTET3L possessed sequences representing a known DNA binding domain, the CXXC, and injection of the TET3 CXXC fused with GFP into mature porcine oocytes resulted in exclusive localization of the GFP-CXXC in the pronuclei. The CXXC overexpression reduced the 5-methylcytosine level in zygotes and enhanced the DNA demethylation of the NANOG promoter in 2-cell stage embryos. Furthermore, there was an increase in the transcript abundance of NANOG and ESRRB in blastocysts developed from GFP-CXXC injected oocytes. Targeted knockdown of pTET3L resulted in the downregulation of pluripotency genes in subsequently developed blastocysts. The findings indicate that the CXXC domain of TET3 serves as a critical component for the postfertilization demethylation of porcine embryos and coordinates proper expression of pluripotency related genes in blastocysts.
In vitro- and in vivo-produced male dairy calves show molecular differences in the hepatic and muscular energy regulation
Authors: Rabaglino María B , Secher Jan Bojsen-Møller , Hyttel Poul , Kadarmideen Haja N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In cattle, the in vitro production (IVP) of embryos is becoming more relevant than embryos produced in vivo, i.e. after multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET). However, the effects of IVP on the developmental programming of specific organs in the postnatal calves are yet unknown. Previously, we reported an epigenomic and transcriptomic profile of the hypothalamus–pituitary–testicular axis compatible with its earlier activation in IVP calves compared to MOET animals. Here, we studied the hepatic and muscular epigenome and transcriptome of those same male dairy calves (n = 4 per group). Tissue samples from liver and semitendinosus muscle were obtained at 3 months of age, and the extracted gDNA and RNA were sequenced through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing, respectively. Next, bioinformatic analyses determined differentially methylated cytosines or differentially expressed genes [false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.05] for each Omic dataset; and nonparametrically combined genes (NPCG) for both integrated omics (P &lt; 0.05). KEGG pathways enrichment analysis showed that NPCG upregulated in the liver and the muscle of the IVP calves were involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In contrast, ribosome and translation were upregulated in the liver but downregulated in the muscle of the IVP calves compared to the MOET calves (FDR &lt; 0.05). A model considering the effect of the methylation levels and the group on the expression of all the genes involved in these pathways confirmed these findings. In conclusion, the multiomics data integration approach indicated an altered hepatic and muscular energy regulation in phenotypically normal IVP calves compared to MOET calves.
Trust- and reputation-based opinion dynamics modelling over temporal networks
Authors: Jain Eeti , Singh Anurag 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Trust and reputation are a person’s belief over another person and are essential factors while opinion values are shared among online social platforms. Both the values are calculated using past shared opinions and the structure of the network. Further, a credibility score is calculated using the trust and reputation of the nodes, which is helpful to share the opinion values more accurately. In this work, an opinion dynamics temporal network is modelled using the credibility score of the nodes in the network. The addition and deletion of the edges and the opinion evolution occur on the basis of the credibility score of the nodes. Results are analysed over scale-free networks generated using Bollabas et al. model. Such scale-free networks are evolved over time termed as temporal network using the proposed model. It is analysed how the different threshold values on the credibility score of the nodes affect the opinion values convergence on the proposed model.
Epidemiology and management of right ventricular-predominant heart failure and shock in the cardiac intensive care unit
Authors: Kanwar Manreet K , Everett Kay D , Gulati Gaurav , Brener Michael I , Kapur Navin K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cardiogenic shock from left ventricular failure is a common presentation in the intensive care unit. In contrast, right ventricular (RV)-predominant heart failure (HF) causing shock is less well recognized. We review the epidemiology and mechanisms of RV-predominant HF and discuss pharmacologic and device-based approaches for the management of this challenging clinical problem.
Visualizing and quantifying molecular and cellular processes in Caenorhabditis elegans using light microscopy
Authors: Shah Pavak , Bao Zhirong , Zaidel-Bar Ronen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Light microscopes are the cell and developmental biologists’ “best friend,” providing a means to see structures and follow dynamics from the protein to the organism level. A huge advantage of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism is its transparency, which coupled with its small size means that nearly every biological process can be observed and measured with the appropriate probe and light microscope. Continuous improvement in microscope technologies along with novel genome editing techniques to create transgenic probes have facilitated the development and implementation of a dizzying array of methods for imaging worm embryos, larvae, and adults. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular and cellular processes that can be visualized in living worms using light microscopy. A partial inventory of fluorescent probes and techniques successfully used in worms to image the dynamics of cells, organelles, DNA, and protein localization and activity is followed by a practical guide to choosing between various imaging modalities, including widefield, confocal, lightsheet, and structured illumination microscopy. Finally, we discuss the available tools and approaches, including machine learning, for quantitative image analysis tasks, such as colocalization, segmentation, object tracking, and lineage tracing. Hopefully, this review will inspire worm researchers who have not yet imaged their worms to begin, and push those who are imaging to go faster, finer, and longer.
Rethinking Communication in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sundar S Shyam , Lee Eun-Ju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue of Human Communication Research (HCR) exploring the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in communication. It situates the six articles in this issue along conceptual dimensions drawn from human–computer interaction (HCI) and computer-mediated communication (CMC) research. It also underscores the importance of typologizing AI’s involvement in human communication by building on traditional distinctions such as mass versus interpersonal communication. In doing so, it describes how AI can fulfill analogous roles as either communicator or mediator in both contexts. This article also discusses the six articles and draws out common themes, most notably the tension between human agency and machine agency caused by the arrival of AI. It concludes by expressing optimism for the discovery of new concepts, frameworks and issues as we study both the positive and negative influences of AI on the process and effects of human communication.
The Effect of Pregnancy On Metabolic Scaling and Population Energy Demand in the Viviparous Fish Gambusia affinis
Authors: Moffett Emma R , Fryxell David C , Benavente J N , Kinnison M T , Palkovacs E P , Symons C C , Simon K S 
Published: June 2022

Synopsis
Metabolism is a fundamental attribute of all organisms that influences how species affect and are affected by their natural environment. Differences between sexes in ectothermic species may substantially alter metabolic scaling patterns, particularly in viviparous or live-bearing species where females must support their basal metabolic costs and that of their embryos. Indeed, if pregnancy is associated with marked increases in metabolic demand and alters scaling patterns between sexes, this could in turn interact with natural sex ratio variation in nature to affect population-level energy demand. Here, we aimed to understand how sex and pregnancy influence metabolic scaling and how differences between sexes affect energy demand in Gambusia affinis (Western mosquitofish). Using the same method, we measured routine metabolic rate in the field on reproductively active fish and in the laboratory on virgin fish. Our data suggest that changes in energy expenditure related to pregnancy may lead to steeper scaling coefficients in females (b = 0.750) compared to males (b = 0.595). In contrast, virgin females and males had similar scaling coefficients, suggesting negligible sex differences in metabolic costs in reproductively inactive fish. Further, our data suggest that incorporating sex differences in allometric scaling may alter population-level energy demand by as much as 20–28%, with the most pronounced changes apparent in male-biased populations due to the lower scaling coefficient of males. Overall, our data suggest that differences in energy investment in reproduction between sexes driven by pregnancy may alter allometric scaling and population-level energy demand.