bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La liberté d’expression du journaliste sous la protection de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Authors: Balguy-Gallois Alexandre 
Published: October 2022

La liberté d’expression du journaliste est protégée par une jurisprudence abondante de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme, qui souligne le rôle essentiel que joue la presse dans une société démocratique. Dans l’arrêt Freitas Rangel c. Portugal , la Cour se livre à un jeu d’équilibre entre deux droits fondamentaux, à savoir la réputation d’autrui et la liberté d’expression. La Cour fait une nouvelle fois pencher la balance du côté de la liberté d’expression, en accordant une protection renforcée à la parole du journaliste au nom de l’intérêt public. Cet arrêt est une illustration remarquable de la méthode d’analyse employée par la Cour pour faire la distinction entre les déclarations factuelles et les jugements de valeur. À la faveur d’un examen subtil de la nature et du contexte de l’affaire, la Cour relie les déclarations journalistiques litigieuses au discours politique, auquel elle accorde également une protection spéciale.
Moncrif, historien des chats
Authors: Kaibara Tomohiro 
Published: October 2022

Autrefois déconsidéré, le chat a aujourd’hui le statut privilégié d’animal de compagnie, au terme d’un long processus de valorisation amorcé au xviiie siècle. Cet article montre comment le premier livre consacré à cette espèce, Les Chats (1727) de François-Auguste de Paradis de Moncrif, contribua à ce changement. Là où le chat passait pour un sujet féminin et frivole, « l’historiogriffe » en fit un objet d’histoire, combinant deux modèles de masculinité, érudite et galante, dissociés par la Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes. L’érudition lui permit de critiquer la phobie des chats en renvoyant aux mœurs des Orientaux, mais aussi de citer maints amateurs et amatrices de la haute société française. Moncrif réunit ainsi une communauté émotionnelle livresque constituée de félinophiles estimables, hommes et femmes, pour démontrer qu’il est parfaitement juste et raisonnable de chérir un chat.
Blaise dans Les Heures de Louis de Savoie
Authors: Maillet Clovis 
Published: October 2022

Blaise de Sebaste est représenté sur une page du manuscrit des Heures de Louis de Savoie (1445-11460, BNF Latin 9473, folio 176v.). Il apparaît comme le saint qui prêche aux bêtes sauvages, longtemps avant François d’Assise, et à qui une femme et un loup apportent des offrandes. Certains éléments de sa proximité avec les bêtes et les femmes (ensemble ou séparément) proviennent de la légende, d’autres permettent de questionner plus généralement les relations entre genre et espèce dans le christianisme médiéval. Les espèces animales étaient, depuis Augustin, divisées en domestiques et sauvages, mais paradoxalement, les premières étaient pensées comme antérieures aux secondes. C’est la chute, provoquée par une femme, qui provoqua l’ensauvagement des paisibles espèces compagnes que Dieu avait confiées à l’humain. La vie de Blaise indique la voie de domination à suivre pour les hommes : reprendre conjointement la maîtrise sur les bêtes et les femmes.
Restoring non-COVID-19 clinical research and surveillance in Oyo state, Nigeria during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Ogunleye Veronica O. , Oluwalusi Okainemen P. , Popoola Oluwafemi , Kehinde Aderemi , Adekanmbi Olukemi , Udofia Ifiok , Agbi Sarah , Akintayo Ifeoluwa , Ajiboye Jolaade J. , Bamidele Folasade , Alonge Temitope , Mogeni Ondari D. , Marks Florian , Okeke Iruka N. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Many sub-Saharan African patients receive clinical care from extramurally-supported research and surveillance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pausing these activities reduces patient care, surveillance, and research staff employment, increasing pandemic losses. In Oyo State, Nigeria, we paused a multi-country invasive salmonellosis surveillance initiative and a rural clinical bacteriology project.Objective: Working with research partners raises health facility concerns about SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks and incurs infection prevention costs, so we developed and implemented re-opening plans to protect staff and patients and help health facilities deliver care.Methods: Our reopening plan included appointing safety and personal protective equipment (PPE) managers from existing project staff cadres, writing new standard operating procedures, implementing extensive assessed training, COVID-19 testing for staff, procuring and managing PPE, and providing secondary bacteraemia blood culture support for COVID-19 patients in State isolation facilities.Results: Surveillance data showed that the pandemic reduced care access and negatively affected patient unsupervised antibacterial use. The re-opening plan repurposed human and material resources from national and international extramurally-supported programs to mitigate these effects on public health.Conclusions: A structured reopening plan restarted care, surveillance, and infection prevention and control.
Diarrhoeal prevalence and handwashing practices of children attending early childhood development centres in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Ntshangase Samukelisiwe N. , Ghuman Shanaz , Haffejee Firoza 
Published: October 2022

Background: Diarrhoea, a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality, spread through contaminated food or water or from person to person, is a major cause of hospitalisation in South African children.Aim: To determine if hygiene practices of parents or guardians and early childhood development centre (ECD) educators contributed to diarrhoea in children attending the centres.Setting: The study was conducted at ECD centres in Mpumalanga Township of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at 10 ECD centres. Parents or guardians (n = 385) and educators (n = 121) answered self-administered questionnaires. Frequencies, bivariate associations and multivariate regression modelling were conducted.Results: The prevalence of diarrhoea in children ≤ 5 years was 67.3%. Most parents or guardians washed their hands after defecating and handling a child’s faeces as well as before preparing food. Handwashing after urination was low. Washing of children’s hands after these events was lower. Although all educators reported always washing the child’s hands after defecating and before handling or eating food, they were less likely to wash the children’s hands after urination (p = 0.003). Childhood diarrhoea was associated with the type of toilet, households with pit latrines having a higher prevalence of diarrhoea (p 0.001). It was also associated with washing of children’s hands after urination (p = 0.014), before handling or eating food (p = 0.001) and with increased number of children in the household (p = 0.001).Conclusion: In this population, the high prevalence of diarrhoea is related to the number of children in a household and handwashing practices.Contribution: This study highlights the importance of handwashing practices in the prevention of diarrhoea in children.
Antiparasitic properties of miltefosine-based nanoformulations against protozoan pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Akbar Noor , Cagliani Roberta , Muhammad Jibran Sualeh , Rawas-Qalaji Mutasem , Saeed Balsam Qubais , Khan Naveed Ahmed , Siddiqui Ruqaiyyah 
Published: October 2022

Background:

Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 is the causative agent of the progressively increasing sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis and central nervous system infections. Because of the increased prevalence and the ineffectiveness of the current antiamoebic drugs, we synthesized miltefosine poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (miltefosine PLGA NP) as a potential potent and biocompatible antiamoebic drug. The advantage to use PLGA NP is to preserve the cells from the toxic effect of miltefosine drug. In particular, miltefosine PLGA nanoformulation offers a better cellular uptake and a sustained drug release compared with the free drug that presents potent cytotoxicity at high concentrations against human colon cancer cell lines.

Methods
The miltefosine NP were synthesized using a double emulsion-solvent evaporation method, characterized, and then assessed for their antiamoebic activity against A. castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Blank PLGA NP and miltefosine were used as controls.

Results
Amoebicidal assays revealed that at 25 and 50 µM, unmodified miltefosine eradicated 83% and 93% of amoebae, respectively. At these same concentrations of 25 and 50 µM, the amount of miltefosine released form PLGA NP formulation was limited to 22.6%. However, it killed 36% and 56% of the protozoa, respectively. Thus, the efficacy of PLGA NP formulation was similar to that of the unmodified miltefosine. Both miltefosine and its PLGA NP significantly inhibited the pretreated amoebae (minimum inhibitory concentration 50% = 37.23 and 55.26 µM, respectively, compared with 147.2 µM of the blank NP; P < 0.05) and reduced amoebae-mediated host cell death. The blank NP and miltefosine NP exhibited minimal cytotoxicity against colon epithelial cell lines. In contrast, the unmodified miltefosine caused 37%, 71%, and 88% of cytotoxicity at 10, 25, and 50 µM, respectively.

Conclusion
Overall, these findings suggest that controlling the release of miltefosine from PLGA NP for a short time was almost as effective as miltefosine alone against A. castellanii genotype T4 while reducing host cell toxicity. Hence, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using PLGA NP for the treatment of Acanthamoebic infections.
Evaluation of Haller's Cells Prevalence in a Sample of Polish Population Assessed Using Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Manaj Angelika , Osiak Aleksandra , Piskórz Magdalena , Futyma-Gąbka Karolina , Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Haller's cells are air structures with variable presence in individuals. They are situated in the anterior part of the ethmoid bone on the inferior and medial walls of the orbits. Their presence can be symptomatic and they may also be an impediment in surgical procedures. A panoramic radiograph commonly used in dental diagnostics allows visualization of their presence. The aim of the study is characteristics and estimation of Haller's cell prevalence in a sample of the Polish population based on panoramic radiographs.

Materials and Methods:
The study consisted of 467 panoramic radiographs including patients of both genders (303 females and 164 males), aged 17–23 years with a mean of 20.2 years. All radiographs have been evaluated for Haller's cells' presence, shape, number, and location with gender predilection.

Results:
Haller's cells were found in 72 cases, which comprised 15.4% of the studied group, with a slightly higher prevalence in females (17.82% in females and 10.97% in males). The most predominant shape was oval. Unilateral distribution of the cells outnumbered bilateral variants. One to three Haller's cells were found on one side, in the own material.

Conclusions:
Panoramic radiograph revealed a relatively low prevalence of Haller's cells in a sample of the Polish population. It is possible to assess the shape and determine the exact number of these cells. Based on the panoramic examination, we can state that they are located more often unilaterally with a slightly higher prevalence in females.
Western Civilization in a Global Context: Prehistory to the Enlightenment
Authors: Campbell Kenneth L. 
Published: October 2022

Western Civilization in a Global Context is a source collection that introduces a comparative element to the study of Western civilization, offering students an opportunity to explore non-Western perspectives. An interesting and provocative set of readings are included, from a range of primary sources, including official documents, historical writings, literary sources, letters, speeches, interviews as well as visual sources. These different sources are carefully selected with a view to generating class discussion and providing students with a sense of the different approaches historians might take to understanding the past.
Volume I covers prehistory to the Enlightenment, including sources that offer insight into the political, social, religious, cultural and intellectual history of this period. Topics covered include:
- The Rise of Rome
- Byzantine Civilization
- The Renaissance in Europe and China
- Religious Reformation
- European Expansion
- The Scientific Revolution
To aid student engagement and understanding, the book begins with a guide to using primary sources, includes questions for discussion throughout and concludes with a glossary of key terms. Western Civilization in a Global Context is the ideal companion for students who want to explore the contribution of non-Western cultures, and gain a more thorough understanding of the complex history of the world as a result.
Moxibustion treatment increases the survival rate of lung infection of patients bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine via regulation of the inflammatory responses
Authors: Cheng Yaonan , Chen Qin , Huang Ru , Lao Chunbo , Fu Wenbin 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the potential role of moxibustion (MOX) in the treatment of lung infection in patients bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine.Material and methods96 senile patients with pulmonary infection who were bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine were grouped into a MOX (–) group and a MOX (+) group. An animal model was established as a SHAM group, a PRIMED group, a MOX 15’ group and a MOX 30’ group.ResultsFor the patients’ study, we found that the survival rate was higher for patients who received MOX. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin (IL) 1, IL-6 and IL-18 were down-regulated while IL-10 was up-regulated by MOX. MOX time-dependently increased the survival while reducing the bacteria left in infected mice.ConclusionsMoxibustion significantly alleviated the inflammatory responses, thus leading to a better survival rate of patients bed-ridden due to osteoporotic fracture of the spine.
Worldwide burden attributable to diet high in red meat from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Liu Dan , Shi Qingyang , Cheng Gaiping , Huang Qiaorong , Li Sheyu 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionRed meat overconsumption is an unhealthy behavior, while its attributed burden and epidemiological pattern remain unclear. This study aimed to describe the status and trend of how the diet high in red meat burdens the world.Material and methodsWe accessed the data of summary exposure values (SEVs), deaths, and disability-adjusted life of years (DALYs) with their age-standardized rates in each country from the Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network from 1990 to 2019. We calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to evaluate the trends of the disease burden.ResultsThe age-standardized SEV rates increased in most of the 21 GBD regions, mainly in the low-middle and middle SDI quantiles from 1990 to 2019, while East Asia increased the most rapidly. In 2019, diet high in red meat was responsible for 0.6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0.3 to 0.8 million) deaths and 23.9 million (95% UI 15.6 to 32.0 million) DALYs worldwide. From 1990 to 2019, the total deaths and DALYs attributable to diet high in red meat have increased by over 50%. However, the age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased by 30.3% and 23.5% during the study period, respectively. The age-standardized death and DALY rates in the middle SDI regions surpassed those in the high SDI regions since 2002. Ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer were the main causes of diet high in red meat-related death and DALYs.ConclusionsIncreasing consumption of red meat remains challenging the world, especially in the low-middle and middle SDI countries.
The Twin Shocks for Banking Sector in an Emerging Economy: Corona-Pandemic and Digital Transformation
Authors: Hameed Filza , Anwar Muhammad Mudassar , Qurratulain Khan  , Afaq Aneeqa 
Published: October 2022

Purpose-Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic jolted the corporate as well various other sectors of the economies. Since pandemic-stricken damage possibly threatens survival as well sustenance of financial institutions, economic stability as well security, and regulatory mechanism as well discipline across nations-developing or developed. As the corona crisis is most probably expected to continue and research studies in emerging economies are scarce in nature pertaining to the COVID-19 epidemic and banking sector. Given this important gap in the literature, this study mainly focuses on theoretically investigating how banks coped to regulate their financial services in times of coronavirus as policymakers recommended that public needs for financial services need to be safely met by utilizing digital channels.
Findings-As this has now become an urgent priority for public service providers to digitally transform their services. But non-existence and/or availability of poor digital infrastructure makes it difficult for the banking sector to fully digitally transform itself and gain associated benefits.
Implications-The current study’s useful insights are expected to inspire both scholars as well practitioners to understand COVID-19 and the emergent need for digital transformation as twin shock for the banking sector from an emerging economy’s perspective.
Gender differentiation in STEM career choice and the role of education.
Authors: Patrinopoulos Matthaios , Papazisi Christina , Foti Paraskevi , Pantelopoulou Stavroula , Katopodi Maria , Zografou Eleni , Kosyvas Georgios 
Published: October 2022

This work is the product of research conducted by the project team of the Regional Directorate for Primary and Secondary Education of Attica formed under the Erasmus+Project “RoboGirls: Empowering girls in STEAM through robotics and coding». The research has focused on identifying and investigating the factors that influence and interpret the differentiation in men and women’s participation in education and in their professional careers in the fields of STEM, but also on the selection of the best educational practices that enhance the participation of women in the STEM fields. The research has combined literature review with data analysis resulting from questionnaires and interviews of a selected focus group. The results of the research have contributed to understanding the factors that conduce to the creation of these differences, as well as the role that education can play in Greece and in the EU in bridging the gender gap in the STEM fields.
Intravenous Iron Isomaltoside for Patients With Iron Deficiency Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Farrell Keeley , Bailey Sharon 
Published: October 2022

The results of 1 randomized controlled trial did not find a difference in functional status (6-minute walk distance and New York Heart Association class), hand grip strength, or health-related quality of life for patients who underwent a transcatheter aortic valve implantation treated with iron isomaltoside versus placebo.
There was 1 (1.4%) hypersensitivity reaction and 1 (1.4%) episode of chest pain in patients treated with iron isomaltoside in the randomized controlled trial. Rates of other adverse events were similar between patients treated with iron isomaltoside and placebo.
Exploring the relationship between temperature forecast errors and Earth system variables
Authors: Ruiz-Vásquez Melissa , O Sungmin , Brenning Alexander , Koster Randal D. , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Weber Ulrich , Arduini Gabriele , Bastos Ana , Reichstein Markus , Orth René 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Accurate subseasonal weather forecasts, from 2 weeks up to a season, can help reduce costs and impacts related to weather and corresponding extremes. The quality of weather forecasts has improved considerably in recent decades as models represent more details of physical processes, and they benefit from assimilating comprehensive Earth observation data as well as increasing computing power. However, with ever-growing model complexity, it becomes increasingly difficult to pinpoint weaknesses in the forecast models' process representations which is key to improving forecast accuracy. In this study, we use a comprehensive set of observation-based ecological, hydrological, and meteorological variables to study their potential for explaining temperature forecast errors at the weekly timescale. For this purpose, we compute Spearman correlations between each considered variable and the forecast error obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) reforecasts at lead times of 1–6 weeks. This is done across the globe for the time period 2001–2017. The results show that temperature forecast errors globally are most strongly related with climate-related variables such as surface solar radiation and precipitation, which highlights the model's difficulties in accurately capturing the evolution of the climate-related variables during the forecasting period. At the same time, we find particular regions in which other variables are more strongly related to forecast errors. For instance, in central Europe, eastern North America and southeastern Asia, vegetation greenness and soil moisture are relevant, while in western South America and central North America, circulation-related variables such as surface pressure relate more strongly with forecast errors. Overall, the identified relationships between forecast errors and independent Earth observations reveal promising variables on which future forecasting system development could focus by specifically considering related process representations and data assimilation.
BALLET IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS: CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT TECHNIQUE AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE SPORT
Authors: Pizzol Vanessa , De Oliveira Mateus Henrique , Antualpa Kizzy Fernandes , Toledo Eliana 
Published: October 2022

In its historical trajectory, rhythmic gymnastics (RG) has been influenced by Swedish Gymnastics, Dance and Theatrical Arts, being today a sport characterized by a strong artistic and aesthetic appeal. Thus, starting out as field study research, this manuscript aims to bring data, but mainly reflections about the way in which classical ballet classes have been conceived and used in the training of high-performance rhythmic gymnasts. This is field research, with qualitative and quantitative approach (quanti- quali). The sample consisted of nine participants (coaches and / or ballet instructors) who work with athletes in junior and senior categories in the São Paulo State, with indexes in national championships. A questionnaire tool was conducted in the period from May 1st to 15th, 2018, in loco. Data showed that the most used ballet methods are Royal, Vaganova, French and Cuban; that the structure of the classes includes the bar and finalization, and that the planning of ballet classes is collaborative. The main goal of this practice is to learn and improve the implementation of the ballet movements in the RG Code of Points (CoP), and thus, the contents are mostly the higher valued body elements. It was concluded that there is still an accumulation of functions (coach and ballet instructor in one person), a strong influence of the CoP in the training plan of classic ballet classes, which unfortunately reinforces the great instrumentalization of this practice, disregarding its characteristics as an art, and its creative, rhythmic, aesthetic and expressive aspects.