bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D-induced LL-37 modulates innate immune responses of human primary macrophages during DENV-2 infection
Authors: Castillo Jorge Andrés , Giraldo Diana Marcela , Smit Jolanda M , Rodenhuis-Zybert Izabela A , Urcuqui-Inchima Silvio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Epidemics of dengue, an acute and potentially severe disease caused by mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), pose a major challenge to clinicians and health care services across the sub(tropics). Severe disease onset is associated with a dysregulated inflammatory response to the virus, and there are currently no drugs to alleviate disease symptoms. LL-37 is a potent antimicrobial peptide with a wide range of immunoregulatory properties. In this study, we assessed the effect of LL-37 on DENV-2-induced responses in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We show that simultaneous exposure of exogenous LL-37 and DENV-2 resulted in reduced replication of the virus in MDMs, while the addition of LL-37 postexposure to DENV-2 did not. Interestingly, the latter condition reduced the production of IL-6 and increased the expression of genes involved in virus sensing and antiviral response. Finally, we demonstrate that low endogenous levels and limited production of LL-37 in MDMs in response to DENV-2 infection can be increased by differentiating MDMs in the presence of Vitamin D (VitD3). Taken together, this study demonstrates that in addition to its antimicrobial properties, LL-37 has immunomodulatory properties in the curse of DENV infection and its production can be increased by VitD3.
Level of job satisfaction among pharmacists in public and private health sectors in Zambia: a preliminary study
Authors: Mukosha Moses , Zingani Ellah , Kalungia Aubrey C , Mwila Chiluba , Mwanza James , Mweetwa Billy , Mwalungali Gunet , Chigunta Michael , Kaonga Patrick , Akapelwa Tumelo M , Munkombwe Derick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Low job satisfaction levels among pharmacists are associated with poor motivation and performance in the workplace. However, in Zambia, the job satisfaction levels of pharmacists remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this article was to explore levels of job satisfaction among pharmacists from the public and private health sectors in Zambia.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among Zambian pharmacists between April and August 2019. We used a previously validated self-administered questionnaire to measure job satisfaction. We sent out 200 questionnaires, of which 156 (78.0%) were returned. Bivariate analysis and an adjusted general linear regression model were fitted to determine factors affecting job satisfaction levels.

Key findings
Among 156 respondents, 46 (29.5%) were males, 114 (73.1%) and worked in the public sector. Overall, the mean job satisfaction score of the responding pharmacists was 3.05 (SD = 0.64) (on a scale of 1–5). Job satisfaction scores were significantly lower for pharmacists working in the public health sectors (regression coefficient (β), −0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.59 to −0.10), adjusting for age, sex and income. Income was independently associated with levels of job satisfaction.

Conclusions
Overall, pharmacists in Zambia were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their job. Nevertheless, pharmacists working in the private sector were more likely to report higher job satisfaction levels than those in the public sector. Therefore, the present study findings could contribute to developing and refining rational criteria to increase job satisfaction in pharmacy settings.
Cross-Neutralizing Activity Against Omicron Could Be Obtained in SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Patients Who Received Two Doses of mRNA Vaccination
Authors: Kurahashi Yukiya , Furukawa Koichi , Sutandhio Silvia , Tjan Lidya Handayani , Iwata Sachiyo , Sano Shigeru , Tohma Yoshiki , Ohkita Hiroyuki , Nakamura Sachiko , Nishimura Mitsuhiro , Arii Jun , Kiriu Tatsunori , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Nagano Tatsuya , Nishimura Yoshihiro , Mori Yasuko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant omicron is now under investigation. We evaluated cross-neutralizing activity against omicron in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent patients (n = 23) who had received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccination (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273). Intriguingly, after the second vaccination, the neutralizing antibody titers of subjects against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron, all became seropositive, and significant fold-increases (21.1–52.0) were seen regardless of the disease severity. Our findings thus demonstrate that 2 doses of mRNA vaccination to SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients can induce cross-neutralizing activity against omicron.
Association Between Cytomegalovirus Infection and Tuberculosis Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Kua Kok Pim , Chongmelaxme Bunchai , Lee Shaun Wen Huey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide from an infectious disease. This review aimed to investigate the association between prior cytomegalovirus infection and tuberculosis disease.

Methods
Six bibliographic databases were searched from their respective inception to 31 December 2021. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
Of 5476 identified articles, 15 satisfied the inclusion criteria with a total sample size of 38 618 patients. Pooled findings showed that individuals with cytomegalovirus infection had a higher risk of tuberculosis disease compared to those not infected with cytomegalovirus (odds ratio [OR], 3.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.18–4.70). Age was the only covariate that exerted a significant effect on the result of the association. Meta-analysis of risk estimates reported in individual studies showed a marked and significant correlation of cytomegalovirus infection with active tuberculosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.34–4.51; adjusted OR, 1.14; 95% CI, .71–1.57). A clear dose-response relation was inferred between the levels of cytomegalovirus antibodies and the risks of tuberculosis events (OR for high levels of cytomegalovirus antibodies, 4.07; OR for medium levels of cytomegalovirus antibodies, 3.58).

Conclusions
The results suggest an elevated risk of tuberculosis disease among individuals with a prior cytomegalovirus infection.
Get Your Science Out of Here: When Does Invoking Science in the Marketing of Consumer Products Backfire?
Authors: Philipp-Muller Aviva , Costello John P , Reczek Rebecca Walker 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this research, we propose that although consumers view the scientific process as competent, they also perceive it as cold. Across 10 experimental studies, we demonstrate that these lay beliefs impact consumers’ reactions to marketers touting the science behind their brands. Specifically, since hedonic attributes are associated with warmth, the coldness associated with science is conceptually disfluent with the anticipated warmth of hedonic products and attributes, reducing product valuation. In contrast, when products are positioned as utilitarian, invoking science in marketing appeals has a positive effect, as the perceived competence of the scientific process is more compatible with the competence associated with utilitarian products. We further demonstrate that when the necessity of science to create a hedonic product is made salient and thus more fluent, this backfire effect is attenuated. Finally, we identify three theoretically and practically relevant individual differences (endorsement of the lay belief, trust in scientists, and whether the consumer works in a STEM field) that moderate the backfire effect of pairing science with hedonically positioned products.
What IsNe, Anyway?
Authors: Waples Robin S 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFew doubt that effective population size (Ne) is one of the most important parameters in evolutionary biology, but how many can say they really understand the concept? Ne is the evolutionary analog of the number of individuals (or adults) in the population, N. Whereas ecological consequences of population size depend on N, evolutionary consequences (rates of loss of genetic diversity and increase in inbreeding; relative effectiveness of selection) depend on Ne. Formal definitions typically relate effective size to a key population genetic parameter, such as loss of heterozygosity or variance in allele frequency. However, for practical application to real populations, it is more useful to define Ne in terms of 3 demographic parameters: number of potential parents (adult N), and mean and variance in offspring number. Defined this way, Ne determines the rate of random genetic drift across the entire genome in the offspring generation. Other evolutionary forces (mutation, migration, selection)—together with factors such as variation in recombination rate—can also affect genetic variation, and this leads to heterogeneity across the genome in observed rates of genetic change. For some, it has been convenient to interpret this heterogeneity in terms of heterogeneity in Ne, but unfortunately, this has muddled the concepts of genetic drift and effective population size. A commonly repeated misconception is that Ne is the number of parents that actually contribute genes to the next generation (NP). In reality, NP can be smaller or larger than Ne, and the NP/Ne ratio depends on the sex ratio, the mean and variance in offspring number, and whether inbreeding or variance Ne is of interest.
Gallbladder cancer presenting as hemobilia on capsule endoscopy
Authors: Scarola Samantha , Sibia Udai S , Gibson Glen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gallbladder adenocarcinoma is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy and is associated with a poor prognosis. These malignancies are most often discovered incidentally in $\sim$1% of all cholecystectomy procedures. We report an 80-year-old male patient with iron deficiency anemia, who underwent an unremarkable endoscopy and colonoscopy, and was subsequently found to have hemobilia discovered on capsule endoscopy. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a space-occupying process involving the posterior wall of the gallbladder. The patient underwent an unremarkable laparoscopic cholecystectomy with final pathology revealing a well-differentiated, 8 cm intracystic papillary neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia involving the majority of the gallbladder, with focally invasive adenocarcinoma invading the muscular layer of the gallbladder wall. Postoperative staging work-up revealed no evidence of metastatic disease. Patient then underwent a radical resection of segments 4B/5 of the gallbladder fossa and lymph node resection of the porta hepatis. Final pathology revealed Stage I adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder (T1bNxM0).
Real and Imagined Encounters in the Social History of Surveillance: Soviet Migrants and the Petrov Affair
Authors: Nilsson Ebony 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Soviet intelligence officer Vladimir Petrov’s defection to the West in 1954 was Australia’s first Cold War spy scandal, quickly dubbed the “Petrov Affair.” It was followed by a Royal Commission investigating Soviet espionage, during which the cover of Michael Bialoguski, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation’s main agent in the Petrov operation, was blown. Bialoguski, a Polish refugee, had been targeting not just Petrov but the pro-Soviet migrant community, infiltrating their lives over a period of six years. This article uses the Petrov Affair as a vantage point to examine pro-Soviet migrants’ experiences of Cold War surveillance in Australia. Soviet migrants arrived in the West with prior experience of ubiquitous security states and anticipated that they would be monitored. But for those involved with pro-Soviet groups like Sydney’s Russian Social Club, brushes with intelligence were not only expected but often desired. They had both real and imagined encounters with surveillance, and imagined encounters shaped their experiences and perceptions of the security state just as actual ones did. A social history of the surveillance of pro-Soviet migrants complicates our understanding of the effects of surveillance and of its panoptic qualities. It also reveals the Australian security state as mutually constituted—not just by the state itself, but by the personalities, perceptions, transnational experiences, and social worlds of its subjects.
Is the Unequal Treatment of Maternal and Paternal Liability Under the Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976 Justified?
Authors: Bowden Catherine E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Under the Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976 (CDCLA) a child born disabled as a result of an occurrence prior to its birth can bring a claim against the individual responsible for that occurrence. Significantly, mothers are exempt from liability (except in relation to negligent driving) but fathers are not. Since the CDCLA came into force in 1976, there have been significant shifts in the landscape in which it operates: a more gender-neutral model of parenting; transmission of an infection to a sexual partner can be a criminal offence; and growing evidence regarding the impact of prenatal events. In addition, there is a trend for presenting prenatal harm as a problem of individual behaviour. This article presents a timely consideration of the potential for parental liability under the CDCLA and asks whether restricting the exemption of parental liability to mothers but not fathers can be justified. It is argued that the reasons for unequal parental liability in relation to gestational harm are not sufficient to justify restricting the broad exemption to mothers but not fathers and a change in the law is required to bring the CDCLA up to date with advances in the criminal law, society, and medical science.
A disturbing FABLE of mergers, feedback, turbulence, and mass biases in simulated galaxy clusters
Authors: Bennett Jake S , Sijacki Debora 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The use of galaxy clusters as cosmological probes often relies on understanding the properties and evolution of the intracluster medium (ICM). However, the ICM is a complex plasma, regularly stirred by mergers and feedback, with non-negligible bulk and turbulent motions and a non-thermal pressure component, making it difficult to construct a coherent and comprehensive picture. To this end, we use the fable simulations to investigate how the hydrostatic mass bias is affected by mergers, turbulence, and feedback. Following in detail a single, massive cluster we find the bias varies significantly over cosmic time, rarely staying at the average value found at a particular epoch. Variations of the bias at a given radius are contemporaneous with periods where outflows dominate the mass flux, either due to mergers or interestingly, at high redshift, AGN feedback. The z = 0 ensemble median mass bias in fable is ∼13 per cent at R500 and ∼15 per cent at R200, but with a large scatter in individual values. In halo central regions, we see an increase in temperature and a decrease in non-thermal pressure support with cosmic time as turbulence thermalizes, leading to a reduction in the mass bias within $\sim \!0.2 \, R_\mathrm{200}$. When using a fitted pressure profile, instead of the simulation data, to estimate the bias, we find there can be significant differences, particularly at larger radii and higher redshift. We therefore caution over the use of such fits in future work when comparing with the next generation of X-ray and SZ observations.
The large-scale 21-cm power spectrum from reionization
Authors: Georgiev Ivelin , Mellema Garrelt , Giri Sambit K , Mondal Rajesh 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Radio interferometers, such as the Low-Frequency Array and the future Square Kilometre Array, are attempting to measure the spherically averaged 21-cm power spectrum from the epoch of reionization. Understanding of the dominant physical processes which influence the power spectrum at each length-scale is therefore crucial for interpreting any future detection. We study a decomposition of the 21-cm power spectrum and quantify the evolution of its constituent terms for a set of numerical and semi-numerical simulations of a volume of (714 Mpc)3, focusing on large scales with k ≲ 0.3 Mpc−1. We find that after ∼10 per cent of the universe has been ionized, the 21-cm power spectrum follows the power spectrum of neutral hydrogen fluctuations, which itself beyond a certain scale follows the matter power spectrum. Hence the signal has a two-regime form where the large-scale signal is a biased version of the cosmological density field, and the small-scale power spectrum is determined by the astrophysics of reionization. We construct a bias parameter to investigate the relation between the large-scale 21-cm signal and the cosmological density field. We find that the transition scale between the scale-independent and scale-dependent bias regimes is directly related to the value of the mean free path of ionizing photons (λMFP), and is characterised by the empirical formula ktrans ≈ 2/λMFP. Furthermore, we show that the numerical implementation of the mean free path effect has a significant impact on the shape of this transition. Most notably, the transition is more gradual if the mean free path effect is implemented as an absorption process rather than as a barrier.
The number of transits per epoch for transiting misaligned circumbinary planets
Authors: Chen Zirui , Kipping David 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The growing catalogue of circumbinary planets strengthens the notion that planets form in a diverse range of conditions across the cosmos. Transiting circumbinary planets yield especially important insights and many examples are now known, in broadly coplanar obits with respect to their binary. Studies of circumbinary discs suggest misaligned transiting examples could also plausibly exist, but their existence would exacerbate the already challenging feat of automatic detection. In this work, we synthesize populations of such planets and consider the number of transits per epoch they produce, forming integer sequences. For isotropic distributions, such sequences will appear foreign to conventional expectation, rarely (∼1 per cent) producing the signature double-transits we have come to expect for circumbinaries, instead producing sparse sequences dominated by zero-transit epochs (∼80 per cent). Despite their strangeness, we demonstrate that these sequences will be non-random and that the two preceding epochs predict the next to high accuracy. Additionally, we show that even when clustering the transits into grouped epochs, they often appear unphysical if erroneously assuming a single star, due to the missing epochs. Crucially, missing epochs mean highly isotropic populations can trick the observer into assigning the wrong period in up to a quarter of cases, adding further confusion. Finally, we show that the transit sequences encode the inclination distribution and demonstrate a simple inference method that successfully matches the injected truth. Our work highlights how the simple act of flagging transits can be used to provide an initial, vetting-level analysis of misaligned transiting circumbinary planets.
How long can luminous blue variables sleep? A long-term photometric variability and spectral study of the Galactic candidate luminous blue variable MN 112
Authors: Maryeva O V , Karpov S V , Kniazev A Y , Gvaramadze V V 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are massive stars that show strong spectral and photometric variability. The questions of what evolutionary stages they represent and what exactly drives their instability are still open, and thus it is important to understand whether LBVs without significant ongoing activity exist, and for how long such dormant LBVs may ‘sleep’. In this paper we investigate the long-term variability properties of the LBV candidate MN 112, by combining its optical and infrared spectral data covering 12 years with photometric data covering nearly a century, as acquired from both modern time-domain sky surveys and historical photographic plates. We analyse the spectra, derive the physical properties of the star by modelling its atmosphere, and use a new distance estimate from Gaia data release 3 (DR3) to determine the position of MN 112 both inside the Galaxy and in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. The distance estimation has almost doubled in comparison with Gaia DR2. Because of this, MN 112 moved to upper part of the diagram, and according to our modelling it lies on an evolutionary track for a star with initial mass $M_*=70~\rm M_\odot$ near the Humphreys–Davidson limit. Given the absence of any significant variability, we conclude that the star is a dormant LBV that has now been inactive for at least a century.
Brain metastases: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions
Authors: Aizer Ayal A , Lamba Nayan , Ahluwalia Manmeet S , Aldape Kenneth , Boire Adrienne , Brastianos Priscilla K , Brown Paul D , Camidge D Ross , Chiang Veronica L , Davies Michael A , Hu Leland S , Huang Raymond Y , Kaufmann Timothy , Kumthekar Priya , Lam Keng , Lee Eudocia Q , Lin Nancy U , Mehta Minesh , Parsons Michael , Reardon David A , Sheehan Jason , Soffietti Riccardo , Tawbi Hussein , Weller Michael , Wen Patrick Y 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBrain metastases occur commonly in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Yet, less is known about brain metastases than cancer-related entities of similar incidence. Advances in oncologic care have heightened the importance of intracranial management. Here, in this consensus review supported by the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO), we review the landscape of brain metastases with particular attention to management approaches and ongoing efforts with potential to shape future paradigms of care. Each coauthor carried an area of expertise within the field of brain metastases and initially composed, edited, or reviewed their specific subsection of interest. After each subsection was accordingly written, multiple drafts of the manuscript were circulated to the entire list of authors for group discussion and feedback. The hope is that the these consensus guidelines will accelerate progress in the understanding and management of patients with brain metastases, and highlight key areas in need of further exploration that will lead to dedicated trials and other research investigations designed to advance the field.