bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver in guinea pig: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies
Authors: Rajathi Shunmugam , Ramesh Geetha , Kannan Thandavan Arthanari , Dharani Palanisamy , Gnanadevi Ravignanam 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe liver performs many functions, which support metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, vitamin storage, and so on. The liver is the storage organ for fat‐soluble vitamins, iron and copper. Six adult healthy guinea pigs of 16–32 weeks of age (Irrespective of sex) were procured from the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, TANUVAS as per ethical committee approval. Animals were dissected as per CPCSEA norms and liver pieces were utilized for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study. The study was performed to document the ultrastructural details of liver of guinea pigs by SEM and TEM. By SEM, the liver parenchyma appeared as lobular with anastomosed one cell thick hepatic cell plates, which appeared as continuous sheets with small to large holes representing sinusoids. The sinusoidal lumen was lined by two types of cells namely endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. Endothelial cells had numerous large and small cytoplasmic fenestrations. Presence of Kupffer cells along with Ito cells were observed in the sinusoids. By TEM, hepatocytes had angular shape with sinusoidal face and bile canalicular face. Hepatocytes had oval nucleus with peripheral heterochromatin and central electron lucent granules and a prominent nucleolus. Bile canaliculi were formed by two adjacent hepatocytes. Fenestrated endothelial cells with flat and elongated shape were found to be in the formation of hepatic sinusoidal wall. A narrow space of Disse was found between the sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes. Kupffer cells and pit cells were found within the sinusoidal lumen. Ito cells were found in the space of Disse.Research Highlights
By scanning electron microscopy, the liver parenchyma appeared as lobular with anastomosed one cell thick hepatic cell plates, which appeared as continuous sheets with small to large holes representing sinusoids.
By transmission electron microscopy, hepatocytes had angular shape with sinusoidal face and bile canalicular face. Hepatocytes had oval nucleus with peripheral heterochromatin and central electron lucent granules and a prominent nucleolus.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) arising in the setting of polycythemia vera (PV): An illustration of the emerging role of flow cytometry analysis in monitoring progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Yabe Mariko , Wang Wei , Pemmaraju Naveen , Loghavi Sanam , Jelloul Fatima Zahra , Fang Hong , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Burack W. Richard , Evans Andrew G. , Liesveld Jane L. , Bennett John M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis report highlights the value of flow cytometry analysis, particularly in the setting of myeloproliferative neoplasms showing features of progression, as neoplastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) proliferations may be present, representing either a clonal expansion of mature PDCs related to the underlying myeloproliferative neoplasm or transformation to blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). BPDCN should always be considered in patients with myeloid neoplasms in progression and/or who develop new cutaneous findings, as it may prompt change of management.
Prospective study of oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis initiation and adherence among young women in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mansoor Leila E. , Lewis Lara , Naicker Cherise L. , Harkoo Ishana , Dawood Halima , Naidoo Kalendri , Gengiah Tanuja N. , Samsunder Natasha , Beesham Ivana , Abdool Karim Salim S. , Abdool Karim Quarraisha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionOral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), introduced into South Africa (SA) in 2016, has increasingly become part of HIV prevention standard of care. Given the urgent need for increased HIV prevention efforts for young women in SA, we conducted an implementation study to explore oral PrEP initiation and adherence, and the impact of oral PrEP on HIV incidence in this group.MethodsThis prospective cohort study (CAPRISA 082) was conducted at two sites (urban and rural) in KwaZulu‐Natal, between March 2016 and February 2018. HIV‐negative, sexually active women, aged 18–30 years, were enrolled and followed for approximately 10 months. Oral PrEP was offered as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention package. Adherence to oral PrEP was measured using pill counts and tenofovir‐diphosphate (TFV‐DP) levels. Characteristics of oral PrEP initiators versus non‐initiators were compared using risk ratios. HIV incidence rates were measured using Poisson regression.ResultsOf 425 women enrolled, 262 (62%) initiated oral PrEP. Uptake was significantly higher at the rural site compared to the urban site (78% [n = 203/259] vs. 36% [n = 59/166], respectively, p‐value<0.001). Approximately 25% and 50% had stopped using oral PrEP by 3 and 12 months post‐initiation, respectively. Median pill count adherence was 90% (interquartile range: 81–97%); however, TFV‐DP was only detected in 13% of samples tested, that is 56/431 samples from 97 (37%) participants who initiated oral PrEP. In total, 11 women seroconverted yielding an HIV incidence rate of 2.81 per 100 person‐years (95% confidence interval: 1.40–5.03). Nine of 11 seroconverters had initiated oral PrEP; however, all showed drug levels equivalent to taking one to zero tablets per week. Among women who initiated oral PrEP, >50% had discontinued using oral PrEP by study end, with side effects, such as diarrhoea, nausea, headaches and rash, being the most frequent reason for discontinuation.ConclusionsDespite moderate oral PrEP initiation and high pill count adherence, adherence as measured by TFV‐DP levels was low and early discontinuation was high. The overall HIV incidence rate was high underscoring the critical need to address barriers to oral PrEP initiation, adherence and continued use, as well as expanding HIV prevention options for young women.
HIF‐1α‐regulated stanniocalcin‐1 mediates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Fangyu , Yang Gang , Qiu Jiangdong , Liu Yueze , Tao Jinxin , Chen Guangyu , Su Dan , You Lei , Zheng Lianfang , Zhang Taiping , Zhao Yupei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor response to the first‐line chemotherapy drug gemcitabine. We previously identified stanniocalcin‐1 as a gemcitabine‐resistant‐related gene, but its specific role and function in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were used to evaluate differential protein and mRNA expressions. The biological functions of genes were determined using proliferation and drug‐resistance experiments. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis experiment was performed on nude mice. Prognostic analysis was performed using public databases and our clinical data. We found HIF‐1α‐regulated STC1 expression mediated chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Deeper, we explored the action mechanism of STC1 and identified PI3K/AKT as the downstream signaling pathway of STC1. Furthermore, we analyzed clinical data and found that STC1 expression was related to the prognosis of gemcitabine‐treated patients after surgery. In general, we proved the HIF‐1α/STC1/PI3K‐AKT axis participated in PDAC progression and chemoresistance, and STC1 may serve as a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for PDAC treatment.
Systematic evaluation of the predictive gene expression signatures of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Coleman Samuel , Xie Mengyu , Tarhini Ahmad A. , Tan Aik Choon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdvances in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have transformed the standard of care for many types of cancer including melanoma. ICIs have improved the overall outcome of melanoma patients; however, a significant proportion of patients suffer from primary or secondary tumor resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop predictive biomarkers to better select patients for ICI therapy. Numerous biomarkers that predict the response of melanoma to ICIs have been investigated, including biomarker signatures based on genomics or transcriptomics. Most of these predictive biomarkers have not been systematically evaluated across different cohorts to determine the reproducibility of these signatures in metastatic melanoma. We evaluated 28 previously published predictive biomarkers of ICIs based on gene expression signatures in eight previously published studies with available RNA‐sequencing data in public repositories. We found that signatures related to IFN‐γ‐responsive genes, T and B cell markers, and chemokines in the tumor immune microenvironment are generally predictive of response to ICIs in these patients. In addition, we identified that these predictive biomarkers have higher predictive values in on‐treatment samples as compared to pretreatment samples in metastatic melanoma. The most frequently overlapping genes among the top 18 predictive signatures were CXCL10, CXCL9, PRF1, RANTES, IFNG, HLA‐DRA, GZMB, and CD8A. From gene set enrichment analysis and cell type deconvolution, we estimated that the tumors of responders were enriched with infiltrating cytotoxic T‐cells and other immune cells and the upregulation of genes related to interferon‐γ signaling. Conversely, the tumors of non‐responders were enriched with stromal‐related cell types such as fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as enrichment with T helper 17 cell types across all cohorts. In summary, our approach of validating and integrating multi‐omics data can help guide future biomarker development in the field of ICIs and serve the quest for a more personalized therapeutic approach for melanoma patients.
A workflow for predicting temperature increase at the electrical contacts of deep brain stimulation electrodes undergoing MRI
Authors: Sadeghi‐Tarakameh Alireza , Zulkarnain Nur Izzati Huda , He Xiaoxuan , Atalar Ergin , Harel Noam , Eryaman Yigitcan 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to present a workflow for predicting the radiofrequency (RF) heating around the contacts of a deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead during an MRI scan.MethodsThe induced RF current on the DBS lead accumulates electric charge on the metallic contacts, which may cause a high local specific absorption rate (SAR), and therefore, heating. The accumulated charge was modeled by imposing a voltage boundary condition on the contacts in a quasi‐static electromagnetic (EM) simulation allowing thermal simulations to be performed with the resulting SAR distributions. Estimating SAR and temperature increases from a lead in vivo through EM simulation is not practical given anatomic differences and variations in lead geometry. To overcome this limitation, a new parameter, transimpedance, was defined to characterize a given lead. By combining the transimpedance, which can be measured in a single calibration scan, along with MR‐based current measurements of the lead in a unique orientation and anatomy, local heating can be estimated. Heating determined with this approach was compared with results from heating studies of a commercial DBS electrode in a gel phantom with different lead configurations to validate the proposed method.ResultsUsing data from a single calibration experiment, the transimpedance of a commercial DBS electrode (directional lead, Infinity DBS system, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL) was determined to be 88 Ω. Heating predictions using the DBS transimpedance and rapidly acquired MR‐based current measurements in 26 different lead configurations resulted in a <23% (on average 11.3%) normalized root‐mean‐square error compared to experimental heating measurements during RF scans.ConclusionIn this study, a workflow consisting of an MR‐based current measurement on the DBS lead and simple quasi‐static EM/thermal simulations to predict the temperature increase around a DBS electrode undergoing an MRI scan is proposed and validated using a commercial DBS electrode.
Dynamic modeling and analysis of the looped space tether transportation system based on ANCF
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Qingtao , Zhang Zhiyong , Liu Zhendong , Xu Shidong , Li Gangqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA high‐fidelity multibody‐system dynamic model of the looped tether transportation system (L‐TTS) is proposed in this study to study its large deformation as well as large overall motion. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF)‐based gradient‐deficient beam element is employed to establish the accurate model of the two flexible tethers subject to large deformations. The relative movement of climbers along tethers is described by using the sliding joint model based on ANCF. To reduce the collision risks between tethers and climbers, two libration suppression strategies, namely, the decelerated motion of climbers relative to tethers and multiple climbers per tether are investigated in this study. Several numerical simulations not only validate the effectiveness of the two strategies in reducing the collision risks between climbers and tethers, the overall librations of L‐TTS, and the magnitudes of the longitudinal elastic force of tethers, but also verify the good performance of the high‐fidelity model proposed in this study for dynamic simulation of the L‐TTS in microgravity conditions.
Self‐actuating multilayer scaffold for skeletal muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Khalili Amin , Noziere Rocheny , Tuberty‐Vaughan Emma , Freeman Joseph Warren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectroactive polymers (EAP) can alter and change their shape when subjected to an electric field, they have been investigated for a variety of purposes including smart drug delivery and artificial muscles. However, approaches to design electroactive hydrogel structures can be hindered by low polymeric conductivity, which then requires high electrical input to induce movement and results in low cellular viability. Our purpose in this study, was to reduce the input voltage required for movement by layering electroactive PEGDA:Acrylic acid (PEGDA:AA) with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) modified with a conductive nanocomposite of colloidal poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and graphene oxide (GO). In this study PEDOT:PSS/GO was a flexible electrode that stimulated the PEGDA:AA. The multilayered hydrogel was evaluated for angular movement, electrical properties, and biocompatibility with C2C12 myoblast cells. The data showed that increasing the PEDOT:PSS/GO in the hydrogel decreased the conductivity, potentially due to the presence of GO. The addition of PEDOT:PSS/GO increased scaffold movement compared with PEGDA:AA alone when stimulated at 1 V. Fewer scaffolds displayed significantly more movement with increased voltage, but the 10% PEDOT:PSS/GO group experienced more movement at each tested voltage. C2C12 cells on the 10% PEDOT:PSS/GO were more metabolically active than cells on scaffolds with increased concentrations of PEDOT:PSS/GO. This work is an initial step in creating biocompatible scaffolds capable of actuation for tissue engineering.
Temperature analysis in fiber metal laminates drilling: Experimental and numerical results
Authors: Parodo Gianluca , Rubino Felice , Sorrentino Luca , Turchetta Sandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDrilling process of fiber metal laminates (FML) requires a proper design of the processing parameters to prevent the occurrence of several issues and minimize defects, which can be detrimental for the integrity of the parts. These aspects become more critical in dry machining used in aeronautic field. In this scenario, the monitoring of process temperature is crucial to obtain useful information for machining optimization since many critical factors, such as matrix burnout, fiber pull‐out and delamination, depend on the heat generated during the machining. The aim of this work is to monitor the temperature measured on the tool and workpiece during dry drilling of Al/GFRP (GLARE) and Al/CFRP (CARALL) hybrid laminates. The influence of the cutting speed on the temperature trends was analyzed. Two different set‐ups were designed to measure the temperature on the tool, near the cutting edge and on the flank, and inside the laminate, in both the metallic and the composite parts. In addition, a numerical model to analyze the process temperature trend during drilling has been developed. The increasing the spindle speed from 1500 to 8000 rpm resulted in a decreasing of maximum temperatures of approximately 10°C on the tool tip and on the flank for the GLARE, and of almost 20°C in the CARALL laminates. The numerical simulation also pointed that the temperature fields is dictated by the thermal properties of carbon and glass fibers: temperature profiles within the CARALL were found smoother than those observed in GLARE.
Polymer networks functionalized with low‐valent phosphorus cations
Authors: Béland Vanessa A. , Wang Zhiqiang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we show that polymer networks composed of tertiary alkyl phosphines can be cleanly functionalized with phosphino‐phosphonium or triphosphenium cations. Methods for functionalizing the polymers range from halide abstraction of commercially available reagents, to ligand exchange from simple to make reported compounds, and finally, macromolecular ligand design guided by observations made at the molecular level to accommodate the formation of kinetically favored triphosphenium cation functionalized networks. The synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and comparison of the new polymers to molecular analogues is outlined. It is shown the addition of the low valent phosphorus centers to the polymer network has the effect of tuning material physical properties.
Multiple compensatory mutations contribute to the de‐domestication of Iberian weedy rice
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Shulin , Amaro‐Blanco Ignacio , Perera Sherin , Khandekar Nikhil Shirish , Lowey Daniel , Osuna Maria Dolores , Caicedo Ana L. 
Published: July 2022

Societal Impact StatementWeedy plants are a major constraint on agricultural productivity. Weedy rice is a weed that invades rice fields worldwide and is responsible for reductions in rice yields. Studies to date have detected multiple independent weedy rice origins in different parts of the world. We investigated the origin of weedy rice in Spain and Portugal and found that it has evolved from a cultivated rice variety group grown locally. Iberian weeds carry mutations that reverse domesticated pericarp color to its ancestral red color. Our results imply that management strategies are needed to prevent the evolution of troublesome weeds from cultivated ancestors.Summary

Weedy rice, a damaging conspecific weed of cultivated rice, has arisen multiple times independently around the world. Understanding all weedy rice origins is necessary to create more effective weed management strategies. The origins of weedy rice in Spain and Portugal, where there are no native Oryza species, are unknown. In this study, we try to identify the likely ancestors of Iberian weedy rice and the mechanisms involved in the evolution of two weedy traits, seed shattering, and red pericarps.
We used genotyping by sequencing to understand the origin of Iberian weedy rice and its relationship to other weedy, wild, and cultivated rice groups worldwide. We also genotyped candidate genes for shattering and pericarp color.
We find that weedy rice in the Iberian Peninsula has primarily evolved through de‐domestication of temperate japonica cultivars, with minor origins from exotic weedy rice. Iberian weeds have evolved the capacity to shatter seeds via novel loci and have acquired red pericarps via compensatory mutations in the Rc domestication gene. Our results suggest the Iberian weeds have experienced selection at multiple locations in the genome to establish as weeds, likely targeting male fertility genes among other functions.
Our characterization of Iberian weedy rice adds to the growing evidence that de‐domestication of cultivated rice varieties is the main source of weedy rice worldwide. Their evolutionary versatility explains why weedy rice continues to be one of the most problematic weeds of cultivated rice.
Pulmonary function of children with tracheomalacia and associated clinical factors
Authors: Boonjindasup Wicharn , Marchant Julie M. , McElrea Margaret S. , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Thomas Rahul J. , Masters Ian B. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesSpirometry is easily accessible yet there is limited data in children with tracheomalacia. Availability of such data may inform clinical practice. We aimed to describe spirometry indices of children with tracheomalacia, including Empey index and flow‐volume curve pattern, and determine whether these indices relate with bronchoscopic features.MethodsFrom the database of children with tracheomalacia diagnosed during 2016–2019, we reviewed their flexible bronchoscopy and spirometry data in a blinded manner. We specially evaluated several spirometry indices and tracheomalacia features (cross‐sectional lumen reduction, malacic length, and presence of bronchomalacia) and determined their association using multivariable regression.ResultsOf 53 children with tracheomalacia, the mean (SD) peak expiratory flow (PEF) was below the normal range [68.9 percent of predicted value (23.08)]. However, all other spirometry parameters were within normal range [Z‐score forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) = −1.18 (1.39), forced vital capacity (FVC) = −0.61 (1.46), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity​​​​​​ (FEF25%–75%) = −1.43 (1.10), FEV1/FVC = −1.04 (1.08)], Empey Index = 8.21 (1.59). The most common flow‐volume curve pattern was the “knee” pattern (n = 39, 73.6%). Multivariable linear regression identified the presence of bronchomalacia was significantly associated with lower flows: FEV1 [coefficient (95% CI) −0.78 (−1.54, −0.02)], FEF25%–75% [−0.61 (−1.22, 0)], and PEF [−12.69 (−21.13, −4.25)], all p ≤ 0.05. Other bronchoscopic‐defined tracheomalacia features examined (cross‐sectional lumen reduction, malacic length) were not significantly associated with spirometry indices.ConclusionThe “knee” pattern in spirometry flow‐volume curve is common in children with tracheomalacia but other indices, including Empey index, cannot be used to characterize tracheomalacia. Spirometry indices were not significantly associated with bronchoscopic tracheomalacia features but children with tracheobronchomalacia have significantly lower flow than those with tracheomalacia alone.
Rethinking migration networks on the move: Associative, professional and global encounters between Romanians in Spain
Authors: Marcu Silvia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the (re)interpretation of migration networks on the move following the European Union (EU) enlargement towards eastern Europe, which affected people's mobility in time–space. The paper poses two questions: are one or more migration networks engaged in this mobility? Is it possible to rethink migration networks in the context of mobility? Drawing on 60 in‐depth interviews with Romanians in Spain, my novel argument is that even while on they move people construct dynamic and multifaceted networks situated between encounter and difference that transcend their distinctive features and complement each other: ‘associative networks’ grouped around migrant associations; ‘professional networks’ articulated around the institutions that represent Romania in Spain; and ‘global networks of encounter’ that include highly mobile young people. The conclusions emphasize that the notion of migration networks on the move can be rethought by taking a transformative approach that overcomes differences and seeks interconnective synergy.