bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subchondral bone attenuation coefficient utility of the sacroiliac margins to differentiate spondyloarthritis and osteitis condensans ilii
Authors: Terrier Alexandre , Fakih Olivier , Chouk Mickaël , Prati Clément , Wendling Daniel , Aubry Sébastien , Verhoeven Frank 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionDifferentiating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) remains challenging for clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine whether Subchondral Bone Attenuation Coefficient of the SacroIliac margins (SBAC-SI) is different in AS, OCI and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).MethodsA monocentric retrospective observational study was performed at the University Hospital of Besançon. Patients included were followed for AS, DISH or OCI and underwent CT scan including sacroiliac joint. Patients with tumour lesion of bone or a history of pelvic radiotherapy were excluded. AS and OCI patients were matched with a control of the same age and sex. SBAC-SI was evaluated by the sum of 24 identical circular regions of interest, 8 per slice (anterior, middle and posterior).ResultsThirty AS and AS controls, 31 DISH, 29 OCI and OCI controls were included. SBAC-SI score was 9727 (±2430) in the OCI group (p<0.001), 3563 (±1860) in the AS group, 3899 (±1937) in the DISH group, 4224 (±1693) in the AS control group and 5445 (±1205) in the OCI control group. A threshold of 7500 HU had the best discriminative value between OCI and AS (youden index: 0.89). In AS, disease duration is negatively associated with SBAC-SI (r: −0.623; p<0.01) and HLA B27 is associated with lower SBAC-SI (6523 (5198; 7137) vs 2809 (1568; 3371); p<0.001).ConclusionSBAC-SI is significatively different between AS and OCI and could help to distinguish these two diseases.
Socioeconomic biases in urban mixing patterns of US metropolitan areas
Authors: Hilman Rafiazka Millanida , Iñiguez Gerardo , Karsai Márton 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUrban areas serve as melting pots of people with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, who may not only be segregated but have characteristic mobility patterns in the city. While mobility is driven by individual needs and preferences, the specific choice of venues to visit is usually constrained by the socioeconomic status of people. The complex interplay between people and places they visit, given their personal attributes and homophily leaning, is a key mechanism behind the emergence of socioeconomic stratification patterns ultimately leading to urban segregation at large. Here we investigate mixing patterns of mobility in the twenty largest cities of the United States by coupling individual check-in data from the social location platform Foursquare with census information from the American Community Survey. We find strong signs of stratification indicating that people mostly visit places in their own socioeconomic class, occasionally visiting locations from higher classes. The intensity of this ‘upwards bias’ increases with socioeconomic status and correlates with standard measures of racial residential segregation. Our results suggest an even stronger socioeconomic segregation in individual mobility than one would expect from system-level distributions, shedding further light on uneven mobility mixing patterns in cities.
Design of a 1.29–1.61GHz LC-VCO with Improved Phase Noise and Figure-of-Merit (FoMT) for GPS and Satellite Navigation
Authors: Das Keshab , Dandapat Anup , Jana Sanjay Kumar 
Published: May 2022

This paper demonstrates a low-phase noise and high FoMT differential CMOS LC-VCO working at 1.29–1.61[Formula: see text]GHz. An RC filter tail current source is used in this design to reduce the second-harmonic oscillation phase noise. The VCO is implemented in 180[Formula: see text]nm process technology. The post-layout simulation results indicate that this proposed VCO operates faithfully in the 1.29–1.61[Formula: see text]GHz band with a frequency tuning range (FTR) of 320[Formula: see text]MHz. By using inversion mode N-MOSFET varactor, the designed VCO obtains 22.06% FTR. The phase noise of the VCO is [Formula: see text]130.21[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz at 1[Formula: see text]MHz offset frequency. It consumes 4.01[Formula: see text]mW average power from 1.3[Formula: see text]V supply. The cell area occupied by the design is [Formula: see text]. Figure-of-merit considering FTR (FoM[Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]194.14[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz at 1[Formula: see text]MHz offset frequency, phase noise and average power consumption. The proposed VCO can be used for low-phase noise GPS and satellite navigation.
C-Reactive Protein Levels in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Isa Hasan M. , Mohroofi Abdulrahman D. , Alkhan Fatema N. , Hasan Asma Z. , Alkubisi Mariam M. , Alhewaizem Sana S. , Khalifa Sara I. , Alromaihi Noora G. 
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives. Acute bronchiolitis is a common respiratory disease in children. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an indicator of bacterial coinfection. This study is aimed at assessing the frequency of elevated CRP in children with acute bronchiolitis and at comparing the clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings, antibiotics use, and outcome according to CRP levels. Material and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of children with acute bronchiolitis admitted to Pediatric Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, in 2019-2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data, and outcomes were collected. Patients with high CRP were compared with those with normal levels. Results. Of 287 patients, 229 (79.2%) were included. 132 (57.6%) were males. Median presentation age was 3.7 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.27-12.33) months. Median CRP level was 10.4 (IQR, 2.8-35.1) mg/L. CRP was high in 167 (72.9%) patients. 17.6% (33/187 patients) had confirmed bacterial coinfection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected in 84 (36.7%) patients. Mean CRP level was higher in RSV-negative compared to RSV-positive patients,

31.3
±
44.3

versus

21.5
±
27.7

mg
/
L

, respectively (

P
=
0.042

). Respiratory viral serology profile was positive in 34.7% (17/49 patients). 66.9% (107/160 patients) had positive chest X-ray. Antibiotics were used in 78.1% (179/227 patients). Thirteen (5.7%) patients required intensive care, five (2.2%) had surgical intervention, four (1.8%) required endotracheal intubation, and four (1.8%) died. Patients with high CRP were older at presentation (

P
<
0.0001

) and had more fever (

P
<
0.0001

) and cough (

P
=
0.002

), but lower hemoglobin level (

P
<
0.0001

) compared to those with normal CRP. Fever (

P
=
0.016

) and hemoglobin level (

P
=
0.002

) were independent factors. Conclusion. Most children with acute bronchiolitis had high rate of elevated CRP values that did not correlate with the rate of bacterial coinfection. High CRP levels were found in older children, those presented with more fever and cough, and had a lower hemoglobin level despite that those factors were previously reported to be associated with disease severity and bacterial coinfection. This study also showed a high overall rate of antibiotic prescriptions in mostly viral disease.
The Tumor Immune Profile of Murine Ovarian Cancer Models: An Essential Tool for Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy Research
Authors: Rodriguez Galaxia M. , Galpin Kristianne J.C. , Cook David P. , Yakubovich Edward , Maranda Vincent , Macdonald Elizabeth A. , Wilson-Sanchez Juliette , Thomas Anjali L. , Burdette Joanna E. , Vanderhyden Barbara C. 
Published: May 2022

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer with an imperative need for new treatments. Immunotherapy has had marked success in some cancer types; however, clinical trials studying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of EOC benefited less than 15% of patients. Given that EOC develops from multiple tissues in the reproductive system and metastasizes widely throughout the peritoneal cavity, responses to immunotherapy are likely hindered by heterogeneous tumor microenvironments (TME) containing a variety of immune profiles. To fully characterize and compare syngeneic model systems that may reflect this diversity, we determined the immunogenicity of six ovarian tumor models in vivo, the T and myeloid profile of orthotopic tumors and the immune composition and cytokine profile of ascites, by single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and IHC. The selected models reflect the different cellular origins of EOC (ovarian and fallopian tube epithelium) and harbor mutations relevant to human disease, including Tp53 mutation, PTEN suppression, and constitutive KRAS activation. ID8-p53−/− and ID8-C3 tumors were most highly infiltrated by T cells, whereas STOSE and MOE-PTEN/KRAS tumors were primarily infiltrated by tumor-associated macrophages and were unique in MHC class I and II expression. MOE-PTEN/KRAS tumors were capable of forming T-cell clusters. This panel of well-defined murine EOC models reflects some of the heterogeneity found in human disease and can serve as a valuable resource for studies that aim to test immunotherapies, explore the mechanisms of immune response to therapy, and guide selection of treatments for patient populations.Significance:This study highlights the main differences in the immunogenicity and immune composition found in six different models of orthotopic ovarian cancer as an essential tool for future preclinical investigations of cancer immunotherapy.
Stroke Severity and Early Ischemic Changes Predict Infarct Growth Rate and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Large‐Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Sequeiros Joel M. , Farooqui Mudassir , Zevallos Cynthia B. , Mendez‐Ruiz Alan , Dajles Andres , Kobsa Jessica , Prasad Ayush , Petersen Nils , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago 
Published: May 2022

Background
The infarct growth rate (IGR) measures ischemic stroke progression and varies among patients. Clinicoradiological phenotypes of IGR are poorly understood. We evaluated the association of presentation stroke severity and early ischemic changes with infarct progression in patients who underwent successful thrombectomy.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort observational study of consecutive endovascular therapy patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion strokes and successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia≥2b) from 2 comprehensive stroke centers. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT [Computed Tomography] Score (ASPECTS) were scored at admission. IGR was defined as the final infarct volume after endovascular therapy divided by the time from stroke onset to successful reperfusion. We used the Youden J index to identify the optimal IGR cutoff to stratify fast and slow progressors. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with a fast IGR and clinical outcomes.

Results
A total of 212 patients were included in the study. The optimal IGR threshold was 3.2 mL/h, and 135 patients (63.6%) were classified as fast progressors. Presentation National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06–1.19) and ASPECTS (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41–0.73) were accurate predictors of a fast IGR after adjusting for significant confounders. For each 1‐point increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, the likelihood of being a fast progressor increased by 12%; for each 1‐point increase in ASPECTS, the likelihood of being a fast progressor decreased by 44%. In the early window (≤6 hours), all patients with ASPECTS <7 were identified as fast progressors.

Conclusions
This study shows that National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and ASPECTS at presentation could predict fast versus slow IGR in patients receiving endovascular therapy.
A Special Role of Syllables, But Not Vowels or Consonants, for Nonadjacent Dependency Learning
Authors: Weyers Ivonne , Mueller Jutta L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Successful language processing entails tracking (morpho)syntactic relationships between distant units of speech, so-called nonadjacent dependencies (NADs). Many cues to such dependency relations have been identified, yet the linguistic elements encoding them have received little attention. In the present investigation, we tested whether and how these elements, here syllables, consonants, and vowels, affect behavioral learning success as well as learning-related changes in neural activity in relation to item-specific NAD learning. In a set of two EEG studies with adults, we compared learning under conditions where either all segment types (Experiment 1) or only one segment type (Experiment 2) was informative. The collected behavioral and ERP data indicate that, when all three segment types are available, participants mainly rely on the syllable for NAD learning. With only one segment type available for learning, adults also perform most successfully with syllable-based dependencies. Although we find no evidence for successful learning across vowels in Experiment 2, dependencies between consonants seem to be identified at least passively at the phonetic-feature level. Together, these results suggest that successful item-specific NAD learning may depend on the availability of syllabic information. Furthermore, they highlight consonants' distinctive power to support lexical processes. Although syllables show a clear facilitatory function for NAD learning, the underlying mechanisms of this advantage require further research.
Do Not Forget the “How” along with the “What”: Improving the Transparency of Sustainability Reports
Authors: Tang Samuel , Higgins Colin 
Published: May 2022

Summary Considerable resources are invested in producing sustainability reports, yet few organizations reap the transparency benefits they promise. This article explores the way ten leading global fashion companies use a combination of data visualization and placement, stakeholder-driven interactive content, and multi-media and immersive content to build the trust necessary to improve their reporting and transparency. While few organizations have the resources of the global fashion giants, this article proposes a four-stage framework that guides managers through a step-change of systematic and targeted improvement.
Natural Scene Virtual Reality as a Behavioral Health Countermeasure in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments: Three Isolated, Confined, Extreme Analog Case Studies
Authors: Anderson Allison , Stankovic Aleksandra , Cowan Devin , Fellows Abigail , Buckey Jay 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Isolated, confined, extreme (ICE) environments are accompanied by a host of stress-inducing circumstances: operational pressure, interpersonal dynamics, limited communication with friends and family, and environmental hazards. We evaluated the effectiveness of attention-restoration-therapy-based immersive Virtual Reality (VR) in three ICE environments: the Canadian Forces Station—Alert (CFS Alert), the 12-month HI-SEAS IV expedition, and the 8-month HI-SEAS V expedition. Methods Thirty-one individuals (29 male, 2 female) at CFS Alert, and 12 total crewmembers (7 male, 5 female, six crewmembers per sessions) at HI-SEAS participated. All participants viewed immersive VR scenes, but scene content varied by deployment. Data collection included pre- and post-intervention surveys and semi-structured post-mission interviews. Survey data were analyzed by scene content within each analog using nonparametric approaches. Results Acceptability and desirability of the VR content varied significantly by ICE analog, as well as by participants within a given analog. The two initial exploratory protocols enabled a more directed study in HI-SEAS V to identify the importance of differences in scene content. Discussion Use and perceived utility of the VR varied considerably across participants, indicating that psychological support needs to be individualized. Overall, natural scene VR was broadly considered restorative, but after long periods of isolation, dynamic and familiar scenes including those with people were also appealing. Immersive, nature-based VR was highly valued by some, but not all participants, suggesting that this intervention tool holds promise for use in ICE settings but needs to be tailored to the setting and individual.
A Propensity Score–Matched Comparison Between Knotless Layer-by-Layer and En Masse Suture Bridge Techniques for Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Park Soo Bin , Song Hyun Seok 
Published: May 2022

Background: Because the articular layer is more prone to retraction than the bursal layer of the supraspinatus tendon, it is important to restore each layer anatomically while repairing delaminated rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes and tendon integrity between knotless layer–by–layer and conventional en masse repair techniques for delaminated RCTs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 174 consecutive patients with delaminated RCTs treated by arthroscopic suture bridge repair. Only 115 patients with medium to large supraspinatus tears with delamination were included. The 33 patients treated using the knotless layer–by–layer technique (group 2) were matched 1:1 with patients treated using en masse repair with the suture bridge technique (group 1) based on propensity scores. Tendon thickness was measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Signal changes in the bursal, articular, and intratendinous layers were assessed using T2-weighted MRI. Results: Postoperatively, statistically significant improvements were seen in both groups compared with preoperatively functional scores. At the final follow–up, there was a statistically significant difference in the Constant score, which was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (91.4 ± 6.0 and 84.3 ± 16.4, respectively; P = .005). There was 1 case of a retear in each group, representing a 3% retear rate. Group 2 had thicker tendons than group 1 (6.9 ± 1.1 and 6.0 ± 1.2 mm, respectively; P = .017). On T2-weighted MRI, a low signal intensity in the articular layer was more common in group 2 ( P = .046). Conclusion: En masse repair using the suture bridge technique and the knotless layer–by–layer technique were both effective. Regarding tendon healing, no significant differences were seen in retear rates. However, superior results in terms of the Constant score, tendon thickness, and signal intensity in the articular layer were observed using the knotless layer–by–layer technique.
Adolescent Baseball Pitchers With Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears Exhibit a High Proportion of Partial Tears
Authors: Goodrich Eric , Cox Benjamin , Plummer Hillary A. , Cohen Achraf , Andrews James R. , Saper Michael 
Published: May 2022

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in the throwing elbow are classified according to grade and location using magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). However, the frequency of each tear type and the association to age, competition level, and radiographic findings in adolescent baseball pitchers are unknown. Purposes: The primary purpose of this study was to use MRA to characterize the severity, location, and UCL tear type in adolescent pitchers. The second aim was to describe the relationship between the UCL tear type and age, competition level, and plain radiographic findings. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Records of adolescent pitchers with a UCL tear treated by the senior author between 2007 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. MRA scans were reviewed and tears were classified according to the Joyner-Andrews classification. Low-grade partial tears are classified as type I, high-grade partial tears as type II, complete full-thickness tears as type III, and tear pathology in >1 region in the UCL as type IV. Each type of tear also has a location designated at the midsubstance, ulna (U), or humerus (H). Patient characteristics, competition level, and associated plain radiographic abnormalities were recorded. Univariate analyses were performed to examine the relationships between tear types and age, competition level, and plain radiographic findings. Results: A total of 200 adolescent pitchers (mean ± SD age, 17.2 ± 1.5 years) with MRA scans were reviewed. Type II-H (n = 62), type II-U (n = 51), and type III-U (n = 28) were the most common tear types observed. Type II tears comprised 64.5% of adolescent UCL tears, with type II-H being the most common. Plain radiographs were abnormal in 32% of patients, with calcifications (10.5%) and olecranon osteophytes (12.5%) being the most common findings. There were no significant relationships between tear type and age ( P = .25), competition level ( P = .23), or radiographic abnormalities ( P = .75). Conclusion: Humeral-sided high-grade partial tears were the most common tear type in adolescent pitchers. There was no relationship between UCL tear type and age competition level, and plain radiographic abnormalities.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Violent Penetrating Injuries and Long-Term Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Nistler Conor M. , James Thea L. , Dugan Elizabeth , Pino Elizabeth C. 
Published: May 2022

Violent injury is known to be a chronic, recurrent issue, with high rates of recidivism following initial injury. While the burden of violence is disproportionately felt among young Black men and in communities of color, examination of distinct risk factors and long-term outcomes for other racial and ethnic groups could lead to improved violence intervention strategies. In this study, we examined the risk of violent penetrating injury and long-term adverse outcomes by race and ethnicity. This retrospective study was performed using a cohort of patients presenting to the Boston Medical Center emergency department for a violent penetrating injury between 2006 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for the risk of all-cause mortality and violent re-injury at one and 3 years after surviving a penetrating injury. Of the 4191 victims of violent injury, 12% were White, 18% were Hispanic, and the remaining 70% self-identified as Black. Within 3 years after initial injury, Black patients were at the greatest risk of all-cause violent re-injury (vs. Hispanic: HR = 1.46, 95%CI[1.15,1.85], p = 0.002; vs. White: HR = 1.89, 95%CI[1.40,2.57], p < 0.0001), particularly by gunshot wound (vs. Hispanic: HR = 2.04, 95%CI[1.29,3.22] p = 0.002; vs. White: HR = 2.34, 95%CI[1.19,4.60], p = 0.01). At 3-years following initial injury, White patients were at 2.03 times the risk for all-cause mortality, likely due to a 4.96 times greater risk of death by drug or alcohol overdose for White patients compared to Black patients (HR = 4.96, 95%CI[2.25,10.96], p < 0.0001). In conclusion, Black survivors of violent injury have a significantly higher risk of violent re-injury, particularly by gun violence, while White patients are at the highest risk for mortality due to the incidence of drug and alcohol overdose. Violence intervention programs with similar patient populations should explore options to collaborate with drug treatment programs to reach this vulnerable population.