bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and characteristics of primary pyogenic spine infections among people who do and do not inject drugs: Northeast New York State, 2007 to 2018
Authors: Sola Steven , O’Connor Casey , Farry Leigh A. , Roddy Kristina , DiRisio Darryl , Dufort Elizabeth M. , Robbins Amy , Tobin Ellis 
Published: June 2022

Background: Pyogenic spine infections (PSIs) are challenging to diagnose and treat. People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk and contribute to rising PSI incidence. Objective: To analyze trends and characterize PSI in persons who do and do not inject drugs in northeast New York State (NYS), a predominantly rural region. Methods: A retrospective study of PSI patients at a regional tertiary care hospital from 2007 to 2018 was conducted. PSI incidence, population demographics, microbiology, surgical interventions, length of stay (LOS), and costs were compared between injection substance use disorder (ISUD) and non-ISUD cohorts. Results: Two hundred and seventy patients (59 ISUD and 211 non-ISUD) were included in this study. PSI incidence due to ISUD increased 1175% during the study time periods. The median age of the ISUD and non-ISUD cohorts was 39 and 65, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative organism, although a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens were identified. Nearly half of the patients in each cohort required surgical intervention. Median acute care LOS was 12 days and comparable between cohorts. However, the ISUD cohort was frequently discharged against medical advice, or transferred back to acute care hospitals to complete antibiotic courses. Median inpatient hospital costs were approximately $25,000 and were comparable between cohorts. These costs do not reflect inpatient costs once the patient was transferred back to the referring hospital, nor costs for outpatient care. Medicaid and Medicare were the most common primary insurance payers for the ISUD and non-ISUD cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: Incidence of PSI has increased significantly coincident with the opioid epidemic and has had significant impact on a large, rural region of NYS. PSIs consume large amounts of healthcare resources. This study can inform hospitals and public health agencies regarding the need for substance abuse harm reduction strategies.
A novel low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure device with pressure monitoring and controlling system for low resource settings
Authors: Feleke Etagegnehu Dagnachew , Gebremaryam Eyerusalem Gebremeskel , Regassa Feven Tadele , Kuma Hawi Rorissa , Sabir Hayat Solomon , Abagaro Ahmed Mohammed , Dese Kokeb 
Published: June 2022

Background Currently bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) is commonly used in low resource settings to treat respiratory distress. However, the accumulation of condensate in the patient's exhalation limb during operation could significantly increase pressure delivered to the body, which can lead to severe respiratory failure in the infant. The objective of this research was to develop a novel low-cost bCPAP device that can monitor and control the pressure delivered to infants. Methods When the neonate expires, the pressure sensor inside the expiratory limb measures the instant positive end-expiratory pressure. The microcontroller decides whether to turn the relay to switch the path of expiration between the two expiratory tubes connected to the valve outlets. This depends on the pressure reading and the cutoff pressure value inserted by the physician. Results The system was tested for accuracy, safety, cost, ease of use, and durability. The prototype was accurate in eight iterations at eight different depths of water that were made to monitor and control the pressure. It was safe and provided suitable pressure for the neonate, and the prototype was built in less than 193 USD. Conclusions The performance testing of the device demonstrated accurate and safe control and monitoring of continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) and oxygen levels with humidity levels safe for infants. The device provides humidified, blended, and pressurized gas for the patient. It allows physicians to easily monitor and control the accumulation of condensate in the exhalation limb of the CPAP machine accurately and safely.
“We Must Work… Toward Justice in Action”: Grievances, Claims Making, and Spillover in the Idle No More Movement
Authors: Schweitzer Julie , Mix Tamara L. , Fleming Olivia M. 
Published: June 2022

The Idle No More (INM) movement emerged in reaction to Bill C-45, the Canadian Jobs and Growth Act, in November 2012, inspiring a new wave of activism. Central to the movement’s grievances are Indigenous resistance and environmental justice (EJ), positioning INM’s activities against neo-colonialism, exploitation, and environmental degradation. We build upon existing EJ movements, Indigenous Peoples/Indigenous Environmental Justice (IEJ) movements, and social movement spillover, grievance, and claims making literatures to understand the role of shared movement narratives in encouraging mobilization. INM relies on social media to educate members and construct and communicate movement goals and actions. Analyzing 6 months of Facebook comments, reflecting the INM movement’s emergence period, we argue that INM activists employ structural grievances embedded in previous EJ and Indigenous resistance movements, combined with emerging (incidental) grievances to articulate shared claims that address inequality and justice, appealing to a range of potential supporters. We offer an analysis of the emergent INM movement to consider the active intersection of EJ, Indigenous Peoples, and IEJ movements to mobilize and sustain movement activities in spite of Bill C-45’s passage.
Socioeconomic and Clinical Demography of Dental Missed Care Opportunities
Authors: Discepolo K. , Melvin P. , Ghazarians M. , Tennermann N. , Ward V.L. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Missed care opportunities (MCOs) contribute to poor health outcomes, and pediatric dental patients are particularly vulnerable; identifying associated patient characteristics will help inform development of targeted interventional programs. Objective: To assess socioeconomic and demographic disparities associated with MCOs among children in an urban pediatric hospital’s dental clinic. MCOs lead to a lack of continuous care and increased emergent needs, so understanding MCOs is required to achieve equitable pediatric dental health. Methods: A retrospective 2-y (2019–2020) cohort of MCOs in children 1 to 17 y old, with scheduled dental visits. MCOs were defined as appointments not attended or canceled and not rescheduled prior to initial scheduled visit. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models with patient-level clustering assessed the associations of demographics, neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors (using social vulnerability index [SVI]), and clinic characteristics with MCOs. Results: Of 30,095 visits, 30.9% were MCOs. Multivariable logistic regression estimated increased likelihood of MCOs in Black/non-Hispanic (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.32) and Hispanic (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.31) patients, patients with public insurance (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.15–1.36) or no insurance (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.15–1.85), patients with complex chronic conditions (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19), visits scheduled during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR, 9.48; 95% CI, 8.89–10.11), appointments with wait days over 21 d (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 3.49–4.74), and children from neighborhoods of high social vulnerability (75th percentile SVI) (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.16). Conclusions: Children with highest dental MCOs were from neighborhoods with high SVI, had public insurance, and were from marginalized populations. MCOs contribute to inequities in overall health; hence, interventions that address barriers related to characteristics associated with pediatric dental MCOs are needed. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Missed care opportunities contribute to poor health outcomes; identifying associated patient characteristics will help inform development of targeted interventional programs. Providing these findings to stakeholders will better impart understanding access barriers and drive research and program development. Dissemination of this information in the form of altering appointment practices will better accommodate specific patient population needs.
Patient-Reported and Radiologic Outcomes With the Lapidus Procedure
Authors: Fuimaono Asafo Atua , Chan Heidi (Hoi Ying) , Lim Che Siu , Tomlinson Matthew 
Published: June 2022

Background: This is a retrospective review of patients who have had a Lapidus procedure for hallux valgus deformity correction, performed by a single surgeon. Methods: The clinical records, operation notes and available weightbearing preoperative and postoperative radiographs of all patients who had a Lapidus procedure between February 2008 and July 2018 for hallux valgus deformity were reviewed. The preoperative and postoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and talometatarsal angle (TMT) on anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs were recorded. The postoperative Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) scores were obtained from phone interviews. Results: Two hundred thirteen Lapidus procedures were identified between February 2008 and July 2018 and included in the final analysis. The average preoperative and postoperative HVA was 36.3 and 18 degrees, respectively, with an average improvement of 18.3 degrees. The average TMT angles showed a preoperative and postoperative difference of 1.1 degrees on the AP radiograph and 2.4 degrees on the lateral. The average preoperative and postoperative IMA angles were 16.5 and 7.4 degrees, respectively, with an improvement of 9.1 degrees. There were 9 cases (4.2%) of nonunion confirmed on radiography, of which 3 cases (1.4%) had revision fixation with bone graft and went on to radiologic union. Final FAAM scores were available for 151 patients (70.9%). From this group, 74.8% (113/151) scored higher than 90%, 16.6% (25/151) scored between 70% and 90%, and 8.6% scored between 50% and 70%. The patient satisfaction rate was 92.9% overall. Conclusion: This single-surgeon retrospective review of a relatively large number of Lapidus procedures reports acceptable radiologic correction and patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Large case series.
Improving patient safety and quality in India's largest hospital network through a dashboard driven approach - The Apollo Quality Program
Authors: Kaur Pritindira , Vaishya Raju , Sibal Anupam , Loria Gaurav , Prasad K. Hari , Reddy Sangita , Kamineni Shobana , Reddy Suneeta , Reddy Preetha 
Published: June 2022

Background Quality and patient safety are the driving forces for resilient healthcare organizations. However, the healthcare leadership is central to the role of establishing the values of quality and patient safety in the organization. This task becomes extremely challenging when the safety culture has to be built across a large hospital network. Methods A comprehensive patient safety program, the Apollo Quality Program(AQP), structured in the form of a patient-safety dashboard was used as a tool to establish and strengthen the fabric of quality and safety across a large hospital network in India. The dashboard consisted of essential patient safety parameters that were measurable and objective. This dashboard was implemented across 41-hospitals of the network and improvement data monitored. These 41-hospitals varied in size and on basis of their bed strength they were categorized into 3 groups(A,B and C). For this study, the results have been presented from 2011 to 2021. Results The overall AQP scores improved indicating holistic enhancement of patient safety across Apollo Hospitals. Sustained progress, through the last nine years, was observed for various patient safety parameters in the AQP dashboard, across 41-hospitals of the network. Conclusion AQP is an innovative methodology that incorporates all the essential tenets of patient-safety. The programme led to a progressive improvement in patient-safety over the nine-years of its implementation. The enhancement was visible through compliance to the various parameters of AQP. The AQP empowered the leadership to retrospect and analyse each of their units’ performance for patient-safety and quality in systematic manner.
Central nervous system effects of 5-HT7 receptors: a potential target for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Quintero-Villegas Alejandro , Valdés-Ferrer Sergio Iván 
Published: June 2022

Abstract5-HT7 receptors (5-HT7R) are the most recently identified among the family of serotonin receptors. Their role in health and disease, particularly as mediators of, and druggable targets for, neurodegenerative diseases, is incompletely understood. Unlike other serotonin receptors, for which abundant preclinical and clinical data evaluating their effect on neurodegenerative conditions exist, the available information on the role of the 5-HT7R receptor is limited. In this review, we describe the signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms implicated in the activation of the 5-HT7R; also, we analyze different mechanisms of neurodegeneration and the potential therapeutic implications of pharmacological interventions for 5-HT7R signaling.
Exploring kinase family inhibitors and their moiety preferences using deep SHapley additive exPlanations
Authors: Fan You-Wei , Liu Wan-Hsin , Chen Yun-Ti , Hsu Yen-Chao , Pathak Nikhil , Huang Yu-Wei , Yang Jinn-Moon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
While it has been known that human protein kinases mediate most signal transductions in cells and their dysfunction can result in inflammatory diseases and cancers, it remains a challenge to find effective kinase inhibitor as drugs for these diseases. One major challenge is the compensatory upregulation of related kinases following some critical kinase inhibition. To circumvent the compensatory effect, it is desirable to have inhibitors that inhibit all the kinases belonging to the same family, instead of targeting only a few kinases. However, finding inhibitors that target a whole kinase family is laborious and time consuming in wet lab.

Results
In this paper, we present a computational approach taking advantage of interpretable deep learning models to address this challenge. Specifically, we firstly collected 9,037 inhibitor bioassay results (with 3991 active and 5046 inactive pairs) for eight kinase families (including EGFR, Jak, GSK, CLK, PIM, PKD, Akt and PKG) from the ChEMBL25 Database and the Metz Kinase Profiling Data. We generated 238 binary moiety features for each inhibitor, and used the features as input to train eight deep neural networks (DNN) models to predict whether an inhibitor is active for each kinase family. We then employed the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to analyze the importance of each moiety feature in each classification model, identifying moieties that are in the common kinase hinge sites across the eight kinase families, as well as moieties that are specific to some kinase families. We finally validated these identified moieties using experimental crystal structures to reveal their functional importance in kinase inhibition.

Conclusion
With the SHAP methodology, we identified two common moieties for eight kinase families, 9 EGFR-specific moieties, and 6 Akt-specific moieties, that bear functional importance in kinase inhibition. Our result suggests that SHAP has the potential to help finding effective pan-kinase family inhibitors.
From a large-scale genomic analysis of insertion sequences to insights into their regulatory roles in prokaryotes
Authors: Tempel Sebastien , Bedo Justin , Talla Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Insertion sequences (ISs) are mobile repeat sequences and most of them can copy themselves to new host genome locations, leading to genome plasticity and gene regulation in prokaryotes. In this study, we present functional and evolutionary relationships between IS and neighboring genes in a large-scale comparative genomic analysis.

Results
IS families were located in all prokaryotic phyla, with preferential occurrence of IS3, IS4, IS481, and IS5 families in Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes as well as in eukaryote host-associated organisms and autotrophic opportunistic pathogens. We defined the concept of the IS-Gene couple (IG), which allowed to highlight the functional and regulatory impacts of an IS on the closest gene. Genes involved in transcriptional regulation and transport activities were found overrepresented in IG. In particular, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, ATP-binding proteins and transposases raised as favorite neighboring gene functions of IS hotspots. Then, evolutionary conserved IS-Gene sets across taxonomic lineages enabled the classification of IS-gene couples into phylum, class-to-genus, and species syntenic IS-Gene couples. The IS5, IS21, IS4, IS607, IS91, ISL3 and IS200 families displayed two to four times more ISs in the phylum and/or class-to-genus syntenic IGs compared to other IS families. This indicates that those families were probably inserted earlier than others and then subjected to horizontal transfer, transposition and deletion events over time. In phylum syntenic IG category, Betaproteobacteria, Crenarchaeota, Calditrichae, Planctomycetes, Acidithiobacillia and Cyanobacteria phyla act as IS reservoirs for other phyla, and neighboring gene functions are mostly related to transcriptional regulators. Comparison of IS occurrences with predicted regulatory motifs led to ~ 26.5% of motif-containing ISs with 2 motifs per IS in average. These results, concomitantly with short IS-Gene distances, suggest that those ISs would interfere with the expression of neighboring genes and thus form strong candidates for an adaptive pairing.

Conclusions
All together, our large-scale study provide new insights into the IS genetic context and strongly suggest their regulatory roles.
Gene expression variation explains maize seed germination heterosis
Authors: Wan Jiong , Wang Qiyue , Zhao Jiawen , Zhang Xuehai , Guo Zhanyong , Hu Desheng , Meng Shujun , Lin Yuan , Qiu Xiaoqian , Mu Liqin , Ding Dong , Tang Jihua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Heterosis has been extensively utilized in plant breeding, however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. Maize (Zea mays), which exhibits strong heterosis, is an ideal material for studying heterosis.

Results
In this study, there is faster imbibition and development in reciprocal crossing Zhengdan958 hybrids than in their parent lines during seed germination. To investigate the mechanism of heterosis of maize germination, comparative transcriptomic analyses were conducted. The gene expression patterns showed that 1324 (47.27%) and 1592 (66.44%) of the differential expression genes between hybrids and either parental line display parental dominance up or higher levels in the reciprocal cross of Zhengdan958, respectively. Notably, these genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, etc.

Conclusion
Our results provide evidence for the higher expression level genes in hybrid involved in metabolic pathways acting as main contributors to maize seed germinating heterosis. These findings provide new insights into the gene expression variation of maize embryos and improve the understanding of maize seed germination heterosis.
The role of anesthesiologists’ perceived self-efficacy in anesthesia-related adverse events
Authors: Xu Feng , Han Linlin , Zhao Shuai , Wang Yafeng , Zhang Qingtong , Xiong Erfeng , Huang Shiqian , Zhang Guixing , He Hong , Deng Shiyu , Che Yingjie , Li Yan , Xie Liping , Chen Xiangdong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Self-efficacy, as the vital determinant of behavior, influencing clinicians’ situation awareness, work performance, and medical decision-making, might affect the incidence of anesthesia-related adverse events (ARAEs). This study was employed to evaluate the association between perceived self-efficacy level and ARAEs.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in the form of an online self-completion questionnaire-based survey. Self-efficacy was evaluated via validated 4-point Likert scales. Internal reliability and validity of both scales were also estimated via Cronbach’s alpha and validity analysis. According to the total self-efficacy score, respondents were divided into two groups: normal level group and high level group. Propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify the relationship between self-efficacy level and ARAEs.

Results
The response rate of this study was 34%. Of the 1011 qualified respondents, 38% were women. The mean (SD) age was 35.30 (8.19) years. The Cronbach’s alpha of self-efficacy was 0.92. The KMO (KMO and Bartlett's test) value of the scale was 0.92. ARAEs occurred in 178 (33.0%) of normal level self-efficacy group and 118 (25.0%) of high level self-efficacy group. Before adjustment, high level self-efficacy was associated with a decreased incidence of ARAEs (RR [relative risk], 0.76; 95% CI [confidence interval], 0.62–0.92). After adjustment, high level self-efficacy was also associated with a decreased incidence of ARAEs (aRR [adjusted relative risk], 0.63, 95% CI, 0.51–0.77). In multivariable logistic regression, when other covariates including years of experience, drinking, and the hospital ranking were controlled, self-efficacy level (OR [odds ratio], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.82; P = 0.001) was significantly correlated with ARAEs.

Conclusions
Our results found a clinically meaningful and statistically significant correlation between self-efficacy and ARAEs. These findings partly support medical educators and governors in enhancing self-efficacy construction in clinical practice and training.