bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercritical CO2 foaming of open‐cell polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer composite foams with oriented cellular structures for water treatment
Authors: Huang Pengke , Wu Fei , Su Yaozhuo , Luo Haibin , Lan Xiaoqin , Lee Patrick C. , Zheng Wenge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficient treatment of tiny media in wastewater is a global challenge. Herein, an ingenious design to fabricate the highly open‐cell polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composite foams for water treatment by using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) extrusion foaming coupling with post‐stretching is presented. The tensile strain of high melt strength PP is fully utilized in an extensional flow field during foaming. Meanwhile, EPDM is added into PP matrix for obtaining the highly open‐cell and oriented porous structures. Interestingly, a variety of structural transformations (like uniform, hollow and oriented cellular structures) can be achieved during extrusion foaming. Furthermore, the effects of different cellular structures on their selective filtration properties are studied. More interestingly, the as‐prepared composite foam strips, with the highly open‐cell content (~94.4%) and orientation degree (~89.6%), exhibit excellent selective filtration performance, which can successfully remove waste with particle size larger than 1 μm (its filtration efficiency:~ 99.52%). Water droplets can easily pass through the lengthy foam strips in seconds, but tiny particles (like oil droplets or glass microbeads) will be blocked. This work provides a new pathway to prepare highly open‐cell composite foams with anisotropic porous structures for water treatment.
Cranial osteology of a juvenile specimen ofAcratocnus ye(Mammalia, Xenarthra, Folivora) and its ontogenetic and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Gaudin Timothy J. , Scaife Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study comprises a description of the skull and jaw anatomy of a juvenile specimen of the Antillean slothAcratocnus ye, from the Holocene of Haiti. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided of the skull bones and their sutural connections, which normally fuse in adults. Descriptions are also provided for the mandible and ear ossicles, as well as endocranial surfaces and sinuses exposed by breaks. The anatomy of our juvenileA. yeis compared to that of adultA. yeto assess ontogenetic changes in the skull. Several of these ontogenetic features are significant new observations that impact the relationships within Xenarthra as a whole, or between Xenarthrans and other placental mammals, most notably, the presence of a separate mesethmoid element, the presence of alveoli for a lower deciduous canine and anterior incisor, and the presence of separate rostral and caudal entotympanic elements. A full list of such changes are provided. In addition, the specimen provides information on phylogenetically relevant characters, including features unique to the genusAcratocnus, and features of the clade Choloepodini, includingAcratocnus, the smaller extinct Antillean slothNeocnus, and the extant two‐toed slothCholoepus. Contrary to previous studies,Acratocnusshares as many features withCholoepusas it does with its fellow Antillean formNeocnusin the present study, which is consistent with current morphology‐based phylogenetic hypotheses regarding the relationships within Choloepodini. The current study highlights the need for further anatomical and phylogenetic investigations of Antillean sloths (Megalocnidae/Megalonychidae), and juvenile sloths in general.
Diuretic and Antiurolithic Effect of Garcinia humilis (Vahl) C.D. Adams Leaves, a Medicinal Plant Native to South American Countries
Authors: Mariano Luísa Nathália Bolda , Pontioli Daiane Aline , da Silva Ana Aline , Niero Rivaldo , Cechinel‐Filho Valdir , de Souza Priscila 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the diuretic and antiurolithic effect of methanolic extract (MEGHL), dichloromethane (DCM), and ethyl acetate (EtA) fractions obtained from the leaves of Garcinia humilis, a medicinal plant known as achachairu and native to South American countries such as Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil. For the analysis of diuretic effect, the female rats received the treatment with MEGHL (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), DCM (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg), EtA (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 10 mg/kg), or vehicle (VEH) after an overload of saline solution. At the end 8 h of the experiment, the urinary parameters were measured. Additionally, the antiurolithic effect was analyzed, in which sodium oxalate was added in synthetic urine in the presence or absence of MEGHL, DCM, and EtA in different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/mL). MEGHL, DCM, and EtA were able to promote 8‐h diuresis in rats. MEGHL treatment at dose 30 mg/kg was accompanied by increased urinary Na+, K+ and Cl− excretion. Moreover, the DCM and EtA fractions treatment increased K+ and Cl− excretion in the urine, although it does not cause any change in Na+ elimination. All the preparations were able to exert an antiurolithic effect in vitro, decreasing the number of calcium oxalate crystals of the monohydrate and dihydrate types. Taking together, the results presented herein showed that the preparations of G. humilis leaves are promising strategies to induce diuresis and antiurolithic effects.
Metal‐catalyzed Radical Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aryl Boronic Acids in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Shao Xiao , Zhou Shengnan , Hu Zhaoxin , Zha Yuxin , Wu Shengxia , Wang Xiaoyu , Xu Shengtao , Zhou Haipin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe successfully developed an efficient and environment‐friendly reaction with aryl boronic acids to obtain a wide range of trifluoromethylthiolated molecules in satisfactory yields. Investigations of the reaction mechanism indicated that this transformation proceeds via a free radical pathway. Compared to the previously reported radical strategies, the reagent 2 d was thermally stable, easily synthesized, and a scalable trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. This method will enable organic chemists to easily synthesize molecules bearing the SCF3 group under conditions that are compatible with various other functional groups.
Discrete Events of Ionosomes at the Water/Toluene Micro‐Interface
Authors: Zhang Jingyan , Huang Linhan , Fang Taoxiong , Du Feng , Xiang Zhipeng , Zhang Jingcheng , Chen Ran , Peljo Pekka , Ouyang Gangfeng , Deng Haiqiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmulsification is a powerful technique for dispersing one fluid (water or oil) in the form of tiny droplets within an immiscible continuous fluid (oil or water). Hence, emulsion is an essential component of medicine, food, and shampoo, to name a few. An emulsifier, e. g., a surfactant, is normally added inside emulsions to stabilize the water/oil interfaces. Ionosomes, nanoscopic water droplets enclosed solely by an ionic bilayer, in which one layer formed from small and more mobile hydrated ions residing in the inner aqueous side and another layer formed from lipophilic bulky counter‐ions riveted tightly in the adjacent outer oil side, were generated and in‐situ counted “one at a time” at a polarized water/toluene micro‐interface. Chemical polarization through the biphasic distribution of an antagonistic salt proved the proposed ionic bilayer structure of ionosomes. Promotion effect on Li+–ionosomes revealed by single‐entity electrochemistry for quaternary ammonium cations with different alkyl chain length and with different concentration sheds new light on the mechanism of ionosomes. Fusion of a Li+–ionosome with the polarized soft micro‐interface follows the bulk electrolysis model.
Proton Conduction at High Temperature in High‐Symmetry Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Crystals of RuIII Complexes with Six Imidazole–Imidazolate Ligands
Authors: Tadokoro Makoto , Itoh Masaki , Nishimura Ryota , Sekiguchi Kensuke , Hoshino Norihisa , Kamebuchi Hajime , Miyazaki Jun , Kobayashi Fumiya , Mizuno Motohiro , Akutagawa Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is mainly the group of Makoto Tadokoro and co‐workers at Tokyo University of Science. Other co‐workers are Masaki Itoh, Ryota Nishimura, Kensuke Sekiguchi (TUS students), Dr. Norihisa Hoshino (Tohoku Univ.), Dr. Hajime Kamebuchi (Nihon Univ.), Dr. Jun Miyazaki (Tokyo Denki Univ.), Prof. Motohiro Mizuno (Kanazawa Univ.) and Prof. Tomoyuki Akutagawa (Tohoku Univ.). The image depicts on two mechanisms of proton transport rotations of the proton‐conductive starburst molecule [RuIII(HIm)3(Im)3]. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201397.
Use of breast surveillance between women with pathogenic variants and variants of uncertain significance in breast cancer susceptibility genes
Authors: Makhnoon Sukh , Chen Minxing , Levin Brooke , Ensinger Megan , Mattie Kristin D. , Grana Generosa , Shete Sanjay , Arun Banu K. , Peterson Susan K. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundUse of surveillance mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been understudied among women with variant of uncertain significance (VUS) compared to pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (P/LP).MethodsUsing data from two cancer settings, we calculated use of risk‐reducing mastectomy (RRM) and surveillance during each 13‐month span after genetic testing up to 6 years afterwards for a cohort of genetically elevated risk women.ResultsOf 889 women, VUS carriers were less likely to undergo RRM compared to those with P/LP (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; p = <.001) and high‐risk women were more likely to undergo RRM than average‐risk women (HR, 3.91; p = .005). Longitudinally, surveillance use among unaffected women decreased from 49.8% in the first year to 31.2% in the sixth year after genetic testing. In comparison, a greater proportion of women with a personal history of breast cancer underwent surveillance, which increased from 59.3% in the first year to 63.6% in the sixth year after genetic testing. Mammography rates did not differ between women with P/LP and VUS within the first 13 months after genetic testing and up to 4 years afterward. Over the first 4 years after genetic testing, women with VUS were less likely to undergo annual MRIs compared to P/LP.ConclusionThe authors found that VUS, whether in high or moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, was associated with lower use of annual breast MRI compared to P/LP variants and equivalent use of annual mammography. These results add important evidence regarding VUS‐related breast surveillance.
Uncovering additional predictors of urothelial carcinoma from voided urothelial cell clusters through a deep learning–based image preprocessing technique
Authors: Levy Joshua J. , Liu Xiaoying , Marotti Jonathan D. , Kerr Darcy A. , Gutmann Edward J. , Glass Ryan E. , Dodge Caroline P. , Suriawinata Arief A. , Vaickus Louis J. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundUrine cytology is commonly used as a screening test for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma for patients with risk factors or hematuria and is an essential step in longitudinal monitoring of patients with previous bladder cancer history. However, the semisubjective nature of current reporting systems for urine cytology (e.g., The Paris System) can hamper reproducibility. For instance, the incorporation of urothelial cell clusters into the classification schema is still an item of debate and perplexity among expert cytopathologists because several previous works have disputed their diagnostic relevance.MethodsIn this work, an automated preprocessing tool for urothelial cell cluster assessment was developed that divides urothelial cell clusters into meaningful components for downstream assessment (ie, population‐based studies, workflow automation).ResultsIn this work, an automated preprocessing tool for urothelial cell cluster assessment was developed that divides urothelial cell clusters into meaningful components for downstream assessment (ie, population‐based studies, workflow automation). Results indicate that cell cluster atypia (i.e., defined by whether the cell cluster harbored multiple atypical cells, thresholded by a minimum number of cells), cell border overlap and smoothness, and total number of clusters are important markers of specimen atypia when considering assessment of urothelial cell clusters.ConclusionsMarkers established through techniques to separate cell clusters may have wider applicability for the design and implementation of machine learning approaches for urine cytology assessment.
Identification of Lithocholic Acid as a Molecular Glass Host for Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Flynn John J. , Marsh Zachary M. , Krein Douglas M. , Wolf Steven M. , Haley Joy E. , Vasquez Erick S. , Cooper Thomas M. , Godman Nicholas P. , Grusenmeyer Tod A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithocholic acid was identified as a molecular glass host material for room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) chromophores. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed on a series of structurally similar, biologically sourced molecules, including lithocholic acid, β‐estradiol, cholesterol, and β‐sitosterol, in an effort to identify new amorphous molecular glasses independent of plasticizing additives. DSC analysis revealed lithocholic acid and β‐estradiol form stable molecular glasses post thermal processing unlike neat cholesterol and β‐sitosterol. The ability of lithocholic acid and β‐estradiol to stabilize high wt. % loadings of d10‐pyrene and a mixture of d10‐pyrene and an iridium chromophore, bis(2,4‐difluorophenylpyridinato)‐tetrakis(1‐pyrazolyl)borate iridium(III) (FIr6), was also investigated. All β‐estradiol formulations show β‐estradiol cold crystallization. Optical microscopy and wide angle X‐ray scattering measurements suggest spherulite β‐estradiol crystals form during this process. Finally, time‐resolved luminescence and phosphorescence quantum yield experiments show that the d10‐pyrene RTP lifetime is longer and the d10‐pyrene phosphorescence quantum yield is higher in lithocholic acid molecular glasses than in β‐estradiol molecular glasses. The discrepancy in lifetime and quantum yield values is explained by quantitatively smaller rates of non‐radiative decay from the triplet state of d10‐pyrene in lithocholic acid.
Construction of Fluorine‐ and Piperazine‐Engineered Covalent Triazine Frameworks Towards Enhanced Dual‐Ion Positive Electrode Performance
Authors: Wang Tao , Gaugler James Anthony , Li Meijia , Thapaliya Bishnu Prasad , Fan Juntian , Qiu Liqi , Moitra Debabrata , Kobayashi Takeshi , Popovs Ilja , Yang Zhenzhen , Dai Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic positive electrodes featuring lightweight and tunable energy storage modes by molecular structure engineering have promising application prospects in dual‐ion batteries. Herein, a series of highly porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) were synthesized under ionothermal conditions using fluorinated aromatic nitrile monomers containing a piperazine ring. Fluorinated monomers can result in more defects in CTFs, leading to a higher surface area up to 2515 m2 g−1and a higher N content of 11.34 wt % compared to the products from the non‐fluorinated monomer. The high surface area and abundant redox sites of these CTFs afforded high specific capacities (up to 279 mAh g−1at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate performance (89 mAh g−1at 5 A g−1), and durable cycling performance (92.3 % retention rate after 500 cycles at 2.0 A g−1) as dual‐ion positive electrodes.
Application‐Based Prospects for Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Holoubek John , Chen Zheng , Liu Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) exhibit a distinct set of performance advantages and disadvantages due to their unique storage mechanism. However, the current cyclability/energy density tradeoffs of anion storage paired with the intrinsic required electrolyte loadings of conventional DIBs preclude their widespread adoption as an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Despite this, their reduced desolvation penalty and low‐cost electrode materials may warrant their employment for low‐temperature and/or grid storage applications. To expand beyond these applications, this Perspective reviews the prospects of solid salt storage and halogen intercalation‐conversion as viable methods to increase DIB energy densities to a level on‐par with LIBs. Fundamental limitations of conventional DIBs are examined, technology spaces are proposed where they can make meaningful impact over LIBs, and potential strategies are outlined to improve cell‐level energy densities necessary for the widespread adoption of DIBs.
Heterologous booster vaccination with CoronaVac following prime vaccination with mRNA vaccine
Authors: Goh Yun Shan , Fong Siew‐Wai , Rouers Angeline , Chang Zi Wei , Tay Matthew Zirui , Chavatte Jean‐Marc , Zhuo Nicole Ziyi , Hor Pei Xiang , Loh Chiew Yee , Huang Yuling , Wong Joel Xu En , Tan Yong Jie , Lim Daniel Rui Xiang , Wang Bei , Ngoh Eve Zi Xian , Salleh Siti Nazihah Mohd , Lee Raphael Tze Chuen , Pada Surinder , Sun Louisa Jin , Ong Desmond Luan Seng , Somani Jyoti , Lee Eng Sing ,   NCID Study Group,   COVID‐19 Study Group, Maurer‐Stroh Sebastian , Wang Cheng‐I , Leo Yee‐Sin , Lin Raymond TP , Ren Ee Chee , Lye David C , Young Barnaby Edward , Lim Poh Lian , Ng Lisa FP , Renia Laurent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveDespite the high vaccine efficacy of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines, there are individuals who developed excessive reactogenic and/or allergic responses after the first mRNA dose and were considered ineligible for further mRNA doses. CoronaVac, an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine, is recommended in Singapore as an alternative.MethodsIndividuals, ineligible for further mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273) because of excessive reactive responses to prime mRNA vaccination, were recruited and offered two doses of CoronaVac as booster vaccination 38–224 days post their mRNA vaccine dose. Individuals who did not develop any excessive reactive responses after the prime mRNA vaccination were also recruited and given another mRNA vaccine as booster vaccination. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 21 and 90 post first CoronaVac dose and mRNA dose, respectively, for analysis.ResultsWe showed that two CoronaVac booster doses induced specific immunity in these mRNA vaccine‐primed individuals. Although the spike‐specific antibody response was lower, their memory B cell response against the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein was similar, compared with individuals who received two BNT162b2 injections. The spike‐specific memory T cell response also increased following CoronaVac booster doses. However, specific immunity against the Omicron variant was low, similar to individuals with two BNT162b2 doses.ConclusionOur findings showed that while mRNA vaccine‐primed individuals can opt for two subsequent doses of CoronaVac, an additional dose may be necessary to achieve protection, especially against newly emerging immune escape variants such as Omicron.
Whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing analysis of circulating tumour DNA for the detection and molecular classification of cancer
Authors: Gao Yibo , Zhao Hengqiang , An Ke , Liu Zongzhi , Hai Luo , Li Renda , Zhou Yang , Zhao Weipeng , Jia Yongsheng , Wu Nan , Li Lingyu , Ying Jianming , Wang Jie , Xu Binghe , Wu Zhihong , Tong Zhongsheng , He Jie , Sun Yingli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer cell–specific variation and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) methylation are promising biomarkers for non‐invasive cancer detection and molecular classification. Nevertheless, the applications of ctDNA to the early detection and screening of cancer remain highly challenging due to the scarcity of cancer cell–specific ctDNA, the low signal‐to‐noise ratio of DNA variation, and the lack of non‐locus‐specific DNA methylation technologies.MethodsWe enrolled three cohorts of breast cancer (BC) patients from two hospitals in China (BC: n = 123; healthy controls: n = 40). We developed a ctDNA whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing technology employing robust trace ctDNA capture from up to 200 μL plasma, mini‐input (1 ng) library preparation, unbiased genome‐wide coverage and comprehensive computational methods.ResultsA diagnostic signature comprising 15 ctDNA methylation markers exhibited high accuracy in the early (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.967) and advanced (AUC of 0.971) BC stages in multicentre patient cohorts. Furthermore, we revealed a ctDNA methylation signature that discriminates estrogen receptor status (Training set: AUC of 0.984 and Test set: AUC of 0.780). Different cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer, could also be well distinguished.ConclusionsOur study provides a toolset to generate unbiased whole‐genome ctDNA methylomes with a minimal amount of plasma to develop highly specific and sensitive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and molecular subtyping of cancer.
Pre‐operative risk factors for driveline infection in left ventricular‐assist device patients
Authors: Köhler Ann‐Kristin , Körperich Hermann , Morshuis Michiel , Freytag Claudia Christine , Gummert Jan , Burchert Wolfgang , Preuss Rainer , Körfer Jan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsImplantation of left ventricular‐assist devices (LVAD) to treat end‐stage heart failure is of increasing relevance due to donor shortage. Infections of the driveline are common adverse events. LVAD infections can lead to high urgency listings for transplantation. However, transplantation in patients with infection leads to worse post‐transplantation outcomes. This study aims to evaluate specific risk factors for driveline infections at the time of implantation.Methods and resultsFour hundred forty‐one patients receiving either Heartmate II or Heartware system from August 2009 to October 2013 were assessed. An expert committee sorted patients into four different groups concerning the likeliness of infection. Twenty‐eight (6%) of discussed infection cases were judged as secured, 33 (7%) as likely, 18 (4%) as possible, and 20 (4%) as unlikely. The remaining 342 (78%) subjects showed either no signs of infection at all times (329 [75%]) or developed signs of infection in a second observation period within 1 year after ending of the first observation period (13 [3%]). For a better discriminatory power, cases of secured and likely infections were tested against the group with no infection at all times in a Cox proportional hazard model. Among all variables tested by univariate analysis (significance level P < 0.15), only age (P = 0.07), LVAD‐type (P = 0.12), need for another thoracic operation (P = 0.02), and serum creatinine value (P = 0.02) reached statistical significance. These were subsequently subjected to multivariate analysis to calculate the cumulative risk of developing a drive infection. The multivariate analysis showed that of all the potential risk factors tested, only the necessity of re‐thoracotomy or secondary thoracic closure had a significant, protective effect (hazard ratio [95% CI] = 0.45 [0.21–0.95]; P = 0.04).ConclusionThis single‐centre cohort study shows that driveline infections are common adverse events. The duration of support represents the major risk factor for LVAD driveline infections.
NaOH/BEt3 Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroboration of Epoxides to Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Wang Jiali , Yao Wubin , Hu Dandan , Qi Xinxin , Zhang Jun‐Qi , Ren Hongjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA regioselective hydroboration/hydrolysis of epoxides with pinacolborane catalyzed by NaOH/BEt3 was achieved. Glycidyl oxide, styrene oxide and adamantane epoxide underwent facile hydroboration/deprotection to provide secondary alcohols with exclusive selectivity in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the stereochemistry of epoxides could also be well retained, and the corresponding secondary alcohols were obtained with high optical activity under alkaline catalysis. Significantly, in this reaction, diverse functional groups can be compatible, including hydrogenation‐sensitive groups, such as carbon‐carbon double bonds and halogens.