bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting peace negotiations in the Yemen war through machine learning
Authors: Arana-Catania Miguel , van Lier Felix-Anselm , Procter Rob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Today’s conflicts are becoming increasingly complex, fluid, and fragmented, often involving a host of national and international actors with multiple and often divergent interests. This development poses significant challenges for conflict mediation, as mediators struggle to make sense of conflict dynamics, such as the range of conflict parties and the evolution of their political positions, the distinction between relevant and less relevant actors in peace-making, or the identification of key conflict issues and their interdependence. International peace efforts appear ill-equipped to successfully address these challenges. While technology is already being experimented with and used in a range of conflict related fields, such as conflict predicting or information gathering, less attention has been given to how technology can contribute to conflict mediation. This case study contributes to emerging research on the use of state-of-the-art machine learning technologies and techniques in conflict mediation processes. Using dialogue transcripts from peace negotiations in Yemen, this study shows how machine-learning can effectively support mediating teams by providing them with tools for knowledge management, extraction and conflict analysis. Apart from illustrating the potential of machine learning tools in conflict mediation, the article also emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary and participatory, cocreation methodology for the development of context-sensitive and targeted tools and to ensure meaningful and responsible implementation.
Kernels of localities
Authors: Grazian Valentina , Henke Ellen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We state a sufficient condition for a fusion system to be saturated. This is then used to investigate localities with kernels: that is, localities that are (in a particular way) extensions of groups by localities. As an application of these results, we define and study certain products in fusion systems and localities, thus giving a new method to construct saturated subsystems of fusion systems.
Photon energy transfer on titanium targets for laser thrusters
Authors: Marcu A. , Stafe M. , Barbuta M. , Ungureanu R. , Serbanescu M. , Calin B. , Puscas N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using two infrared pulsed lasers systems, a picosecond solid-state Nd:YAG laser with tuneable repetition rate (400 kHz–1 MHz) working in the burst mode of a multi-pulse train and a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser amplifier with tuneable pulse duration in the range of tens of femtoseconds up to tens of picoseconds, working in single-shot mode (TEWALASS facility from CETAL-NILPRP), we have investigated the optimal laser parameters for kinetic energy transfer to a titanium target for laser-thrust applications. In the single-pulse regime, we controlled the power density by changing both the duration and pulse energy. In the multi-pulse regime, the train’s number of pulses (burst length) and the pulse energy variation were investigated. Heat propagation and photon reflection-based models were used to simulate the obtained experimental results. In the single-pulse regime, optimal kinetic energy transfer was obtained for power densities of about 500 times the ablation threshold corresponding to the specific laser pulse duration. In multi-pulse regimes, the optimal number of pulses per train increases with the train frequency and decreases with the pulse power density. An ideal energy transfer efficiency resulting from our experiments and simulations is close to about 0.0015%.
Copy number variation of WBP1L gene revealed its association with growth traits across Chinese cattle populations
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiang , Zhang Zijing , Liu Xian , Chai Yanan , Yang Peng , Li Jungang , Huang Yajun , Li Lijuan , Huang Weihong , Yang Guojie , Qi Zengfang , Chen Fuying , Li Zhiming , Lei Chuzhao , Shi Qiaoting , Ru Baorui , Wang Eryao , Huang Yongzhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCopy number variation (CNV) is a very common type of gene variation with high frequency. In recent years, CNV has been paid more attention in various fields, especially in livestock and poultry breeding, which has promoted the progress of breeding. WW domain binding protein 1-like (WBP1L) is a protein coding gene, which plays an important role in cattle populations, and its function has been extensively studied, but it is not clear whether the copy number of the gene can affect the growth and development of cattle populations. In this study, CNV of WBP1L gene was detected in 732 cattle of seven breeds (Qinchuan cattle, QC; Pinan cattle, PN; Yuengling cattle, YL; Xianan cattle, XN; Jiaxian cattle, JX; natural Guyuan cattle, NGY; Jian cattle, JA). In addition, the relationship between CNV and growth phenotype of cattle was studied. The experimental data indicate that the copy number of WBP1L was obviously correlated with heart girth of PN cattle (**P < 0.01), rump length (RL) and body weight (BW) of PN cattle (*P < 0.05), withers height (WH), RL, body length, chest depth and BW of JX cattle (*P < 0.05), WH of NGY cattle (*P < 0.05) and WH of JA cattle (*P < 0.05). It was proved that CNV of WBP1L gene could be used as molecular marker locus for genetic breeding of the above four cattle breeds.
Helminth parasites are associated with reduced survival probability in young red deer
Authors: Acerini Claudia I. , Morris Sean , Morris Alison , Kenyon Fiona , McBean David , Pemberton Josephine M. , Albery Gregory F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHelminths are common parasites of wild ungulates that can have substantial costs for growth, mortality and reproduction. Whilst these costs are relatively well documented for mature animals, knowledge of helminths' impacts on juveniles is more limited. Identifying these effects is important because young individuals are often heavily infected, and juvenile mortality is a key process regulating wild populations. Here, we investigated associations between helminth infection and overwinter survival in juvenile wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Isle of Rum, Scotland. We collected fecal samples non-invasively from known individuals and used them to count propagules of 3 helminth taxa (strongyle nematodes,Fasciola hepaticaandElaphostrongylus cervi). Using generalized linear models, we investigated associations between parasite counts and overwinter survival for calves and yearlings. Strongyles were associated with reduced survival in both age classes, andF. hepaticawas associated with reduced survival in yearlings, whilstE. cerviinfection showed no association with survival in either age class. This study provides observational evidence for fitness costs of helminth infection in juveniles of a wild mammal, and suggests that these parasites could play a role in regulating population dynamics.
Toxocara canisinfection worsens the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
Authors: Novák Jan , Macháček Tomáš , Majer Martin , Kostelanská Marie , Skulinová Kateřina , Černý Viktor , Kolářová Libuše , Hrdý Jiří , Horák Petr 
Published: September 2022

AbstractToxocara canis, a gastrointestinal parasite of canids, is also highly prevalent in many paratenic hosts, such as mice and humans. As with many other helminths, the infection is associated with immunomodulatory effects, which could affect other inflammatory conditions including autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here, we investigated the effect ofT. canisinfection on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mice infected with 2 doses of 100T. canisL3 larvae 5 weeks prior to EAE induction (theTc+EAE group) showed higher EAE clinical scores and greater weight loss compared to the non-infected group with induced EAE (the EAE group). Elevated concentrations of all measured serum cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γand TNF-α) were observed in theTc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. In the CNS, the similar number of regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD4+FoxP3+Helios+) but their decreased proportion from total CD4+ cells was found in theTc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. This could indicate that the groupTc+EAE harboured significantly more CD4+ T cells of non-Treg phenotype within the affected CNS. Altogether, our results demonstrate that infection of mice withT. canisworsens the course of subsequently induced EAE. Further studies are, therefore, urgently needed to reveal the underlying pathological mechanisms and to investigate possible risks for the human population, in which exposure toT. canisis frequent.
Roald Amundsen’s route across the polar plateau in 1911–1912
Authors: Lantz Björn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Roald Amundsen’s exact route from the top of the Axel Heiberg glacier to the South Pole and back in 1911–1912 has always been somewhat unclear because he never observed his longitude during his southern journey. His approach was simply to steer approximately in a true southerly direction by magnetic compass as long as obstacles did not force him to deviate. The fact that he only knew approximately where he was most of the time on the polar plateau never caused any severe problems for him, but it complicated the search for a depot during the return journey. Based on Amundsen’s bearings of some peaks in the Transantarctic Mountains, in combination with his compass courses adjusted with accurate values for the magnetic declination at the time, this paper elucidates Amundsen’s actual route across the polar plateau in 1911–1912. The main result is that Amundsen must have taken a more easterly route than what previously has been assumed.
Neurofunctional mapping of reward anticipation and outcome for major depressive disorder: a voxel-based meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Xun , Su Yueyue , Yang Fan , Song Yuan , Yan Jiangnan , Luo Ya , Zeng Jianguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAberrations in how people form expectations about rewards and how they respond to receiving rewards are thought to underlie major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the underlying mechanism linking the appetitive reward system, specifically anticipation and outcome, is still not fully understood. To examine the neural correlates of monetary anticipation and outcome in currently depressed subjects with MDD, we performed two separate voxel-wise meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies using the monetary incentive delay task. During reward anticipation, the depressed patients exhibited an increased response in the bilateral middle cingulate cortex (MCC) extending to the anterior cingulate cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the postcentral gyrus, but a reduced response in the mesolimbic circuit, including the left striatum, insula, amygdala, right cerebellum, striatum, and IFG, compared to controls. During the outcome stage, MDD showed higher activity in the left inferior temporal gyrus, and lower activity in the mesocortical pathway, including the bilateral MCC, left caudate nucleus, precentral gyrus, thalamus, cerebellum, right striatum, insula, IFG, middle frontal gyrus, and temporal pole. Our findings suggest that cMDD may be characterised by state-dependent hyper-responsivity in cortical regions during the anticipation phase, and hypo-responsivity of the mesocortico-limbic circuit across the two phases of the reward response. Our study showed dissociable neural circuit responses to monetary stimuli during reward anticipation and outcome, which help to understand the dysfunction in different aspects of reward processing, particularly motivational v. hedonic deficits in depression.
Group Ties amid Industrial Change
Authors: Zucker Noah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoethnics often work in the same industries. How does this ethnic clustering affect individuals’ political loyalties amid industrial growth and decline? Focusing on migrant groups, the author contends that ethnic groups’ distribution across industries alters the political allegiances of their members. When a group is concentrated in a growing industry, economic optimism and resources flow between coethnics, bolstering migrants’ confidence in their economic security and dissuading investments in local political incorporation. When a group is concentrated in a declining industry, these gains dissipate, leading migrants to integrate into out-groups with greater access to political rents. Analyses of immigrants near US coal mines in the early twentieth century support this theory. The article shows how ethnic groups’ distribution across industries shapes the evolution of group cleavages and illuminates how decarbonizing transitions away from fossil fuels may reshape identity conflicts.
The Climate Siren
Authors: Stevens Lara , Varney Denise 
Published: September 2022

An accomplished dancer, acrobat, and physical theatre performer, Hanna Cormick became ill in 2014 with a trifecta of rare genetic conditions that make her severely allergic to pollutants in the air — smoke, detergents, and food particles — and her bones and internal organs prone to dislocation. In January 2020, during Australia’s summer of unprecedented bushfires, Cormick stagedThe Mermaid, risking her life to make a performance about the climate emergency and how we are all vulnerable bodies at risk in a changing environment.
Treating Knock-On Displacements in Fluctuation Electron Microscopy Experiments
Authors: Radić Dražen , Peterlechner Martin , Posselt Matthias , Bracht Hartmut 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work investigates how knock-on displacements influence fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) experiments. FEM experiments were conducted on amorphous silicon, formed by self-ion implantation, in a transmission electron microscope at 300 kV and 60 kV at various electron doses, two different binnings and with two different cameras, a CCD and a CMOS one. Furthermore, energy filtering has been utilized in one case. Energy filtering greatly enhances the FEM data by removing the inelastic background intensity, leading to an improved speckle contrast. The CMOS camera yields a slightly larger normalized variance than the CCD at an identical electron dose and appears more prone to noise at low electron counts. Beam-induced atomic displacements affect the 300 kV FEM data, leading to a continuous suppression of the normalized variance with increasing electron dose. Such displacements are considerably reduced for 60 kV experiments since the primary electron's maximum energy transfer to an atom is less than the displacement threshold energy of amorphous silicon. The results show that the variance suppression due to knock-on displacements can be controlled in two ways: Either by minimizing the electron dose to the sample or by conducting the experiment at a lower acceleration voltage.
Psychologists’ Experiences Who Managed Waitlists in Mental-Health Services During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: McDonnell Darren , Vasiliou Vasilis S. , Lonergan Edgar , Moore Philip 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the demand for mental-health services worldwide. Consequently, it also increased the length of the waitlists for mental-health services, putting a strain on adult mental-health services (AMHS) and the healthcare professionals dealing with these lists. There is little research about how psychologists managed waitlist practices, e.g., scheduling screening appointments, determining clients’ availability in an offered appointment, providing evidence-based bibliotherapy, or using priority waiting scales. It remains unclear what their experiences were with these practices and how effective these practices were during the pandemic. Method: The current convergent, concurrent mixed-method study investigated waitlist-management practices, synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data from an online survey ( n = 20 participants) applied in two local AMHS in Ireland. Results: The most common practices used by psychologists were opt-in systems, maintaining regular contact with clients, informing them about the waiting time, and providing evidence-based bibliotherapy. Screening was the least-used practice. The qualitative analysis highlights the emotional burden psychologists experienced from the use of waitlist practices, particularly when they had to inform the client of the waiting time or put a client back onto a waitlist. Discussion: Psychologists reported a lack of resources and increases in administrative workload as barriers to implementing practices. Managerial, organizational, and policy-based recommendations are proposed.
Irminger Sea Is the Center of Action for Subpolar AMOC Variability
Authors: Chafik L. , Holliday N. P. , Bacon S. , Rossby T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSignificant societally important climate impacts can be caused by changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at higher latitudes. Focusing on variability and long‐term change of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA)—a key AMOC action center—and using eastern OSNAP array observations, we identify a distinct density and sea‐surface height signature of the AMOC strength in the Irminger Sea (2014–2018), reinforced and extended with an ocean reanalysis (1993–2018). Reconstruction of AMOC variability using Irminger Sea density shows strong control by the North Atlantic Oscillation on subpolar overturning on multiple timescales, achieved via the gyre circulation and waters from the Labrador Sea. Furthermore, the observed decrease of Irminger Sea density since the mid‐twentieth century (1950–2019) is suggestive of a long‐term AMOC weakening of 2.2 Sv or 13%, however, this trend remains statistically insignificant due to the large interannual and decadal variability of the SPNA.
Ensemble‐Based Experimental Design for Targeting Data Acquisition to Inform Climate Models
Authors: Dunbar Oliver R. A. , Howland Michael F. , Schneider Tapio , Stuart Andrew M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractData required to calibrate uncertain general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations are often only available in limited regions or time periods, for example, observational data from field campaigns, or data generated in local high‐resolution simulations. This raises the question of where and when to acquire additional data to be maximally informative about parameterizations in a GCM. Here we construct a new ensemble‐based parallel algorithm to automatically target data acquisition to regions and times that maximize the uncertainty reduction, or information gain, about GCM parameters. The algorithm uses a Bayesian framework that exploits a quantified distribution of GCM parameters as a measure of uncertainty. This distribution is informed by time‐averaged climate statistics restricted to local regions and times. The algorithm is embedded in the recently developed calibrate‐emulate‐sample framework, which performs efficient model calibration and uncertainty quantification with only model evaluations, compared with evaluations typically needed for traditional approaches to Bayesian calibration. We demonstrate the algorithm with an idealized GCM, with which we generate surrogates of local data. In this perfect‐model setting, we calibrate parameters and quantify uncertainties in a quasi‐equilibrium convection scheme in the GCM. We consider targeted data that are (a) localized in space for statistically stationary simulations, and (b) localized in space and time for seasonally varying simulations. In these proof‐of‐concept applications, the calculated information gain reflects the reduction in parametric uncertainty obtained from Bayesian inference when harnessing a targeted sample of data. The largest information gain typically, but not always, results from regions near the intertropical convergence zone.
β-Catenin promotes long-term survival and angiogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells via the Oct4 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Pengzhen , Deng Zhanyu , Li Aiguo , Li Rongsen , Huang Weiguang , Cui Jin , Chen Songsheng , Li Biao , Zhang Shaoheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStem cell therapy has been extensively studied to improve heart function following myocardial infarction; however, its therapeutic potency is limited by low rates of engraftment, survival, and differentiation. Here, we aimed to determine the roles of the β-catenin/Oct4 signaling axis in the regulation of long-term survival and angiogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs). These cells were obtained from rat abdominal aortic blood. We showed that β-catenin promotes the self-renewal, antiapoptotic effects, and long-term survival of PBMSCs by activating the Oct4 pathway through upregulation of the expression of the antiapoptotic factors Bcl2 and survivin and the proangiogenic cytokine bFGF and suppression of the levels of the proapoptotic factors Bax and cleaved caspase-3. β-Catenin overexpression increased Oct4 expression. β-Catenin knockdown suppressed Oct4 expression in PBMSCs. However, β-catenin levels were not affected by Oct4 overexpression or knockdown. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays proved that β-catenin directly regulates Oct4 transcription in PBMSCs. In vivo, PBMSCs overexpressing β-catenin showed high survival in infarcted hearts and resulted in better myocardial repair. Further functional analysis identified Oct4 as the direct upstream regulator of Ang1, bFGF, HGF, VEGF, Bcl2, and survivin, which cooperatively drive antiapoptosis and angiogenesis of engrafted PBMSCs. These findings revealed the regulation of β-catenin in PBMSCs by the Oct4-mediated antiapoptotic/proangiogenic signaling axis and provide a breakthrough point for improving the long-term survival and therapeutic effects of PBMSCs.
Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neural progenitors controls KDM5A to influence neuronal differentiation
Authors: Kim Dong Kyu , Jeong Hyobin , Bae Jingi , Cha Moon-Yong , Kang Moonkyung , Shin Dongjin , Ha Shinwon , Hyeon Seung Jae , Kim Hokeun , Suh Kyujin , Choi Mi-Sun , Ryu Hoon , Yu Seong-Woon , Kim Jong-Il , Kim Yeon-Soo , Lee Sang-Won , Hwang Daehee , Mook-Jung Inhee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMitochondria in neural progenitors play a crucial role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by being involved in fate decisions for differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are related to the genetic regulation of neuronal differentiation in neural progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we show that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) in neural progenitors inhibits neuronal differentiation but has no effect on the neural progenitor stage. In line with the phenotypes shown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice, Aβ-induced mitochondrial damage in neural progenitors results in deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Based on hippocampal proteome changes after mitochondrial damage in neural progenitors identified through proteomic analysis, we found that lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A) in neural progenitors epigenetically suppresses differentiation in response to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial damage characteristically causes KDM5A degradation in neural progenitors. Since KDM5A also binds to and activates neuronal genes involved in the early stage of differentiation, functional inhibition of KDM5A consequently inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We suggest that mitochondria in neural progenitors serve as the checkpoint for neuronal differentiation via KDM5A. Our findings not only reveal a cell-type-specific role of mitochondria but also suggest a new role of KDM5A in neural progenitors as a mediator of retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus, reflecting the mitochondrial status.