bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of gamma irradiation dose and short‐term storage on phytochemicals, antioxidants, and textural properties of boiled ‘Tainan 9’ peanuts
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc X. B. , Uthairatanakij Apiradee , Laohakunjit Natta , Jitareerat Pongphen , Boonsirichai Kanokporn , Yap Esther Shiau Ping , Kaprasob Ratchadaporn 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBoiled peanuts are preferable as a ready‐to‐eat healthy snack; however, gamma irradiation as a postharvest treatment of raw peanuts may induce unfavourable food components. Hence, the phytochemical, antioxidant, and the texture of boiled ‘Tainan 9’ peanuts pretreated with gamma irradiation (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 kGy) and stored at 29 ± 2 °C for up to 180 days were investigated. Both gamma irradiation and storage time contributed to testa darkening in raw peanuts. In boiled irradiated products, irradiation doses and storage time affected the moisture content (MC), total proteins, total oil, total soluble sugars, and antioxidant capacity (P ≤ 0.05). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed an increase at days 90 and decreased at days 180 across all treatments. A positive correlation was observed among ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolics, and total flavonoids. Gamma irradiation at 10 kGy led to increase of peroxide value (PV) (P ≤ 0.05), but malondialdehyde (MDA) content was unaffected. Textural properties of boiled irradiated peanuts were soft. As a result, gamma irradiation at 5 kGy is recommended for postharvest treatment of raw peanuts with subsequent storage up to 180 days to obtain the eating quality of boiled peanuts with good phytochemicals and antioxidant properties, which is a challenge for food industry.
Risky journeys – Risk and decision‐making among potential irregular migrants in Senegal and Guinea
Authors: Tjaden Jasper 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn response to well‐documented harms inflicted on irregular migrants attempting to travel from West Africa to Europe, various actors have scaled up information interventions to counter misinformation by smuggling networks and facilitate safe migration decisions. Many interventions include information on the potential dangers involved in migration. However, there is a striking lack of empirical evidence assessing a key assumption of campaign effectiveness, that is the relationship between risk perceptions and the decision to migrate irregularly. This study contributes an empirical account based on two independently collected surveys in Senegal and Guinea. Consistent with rational choice theories on migration decisions under uncertainty, the results suggest that higher risk perceptions are consistently and strongly associated with reduced intentions to migrate irregularly. Yet, the explanatory power of risk perceptions depends on context and is generally less important than structural and socio‐economic factors.
Tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA corroborates protein localization in the nervous system of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Young Alexander P. , Beach Griffin A. , Croll Roger P. , Jackson Daniel J. , Wyeth Russell C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCatecholaminergic neurons are abundant in molluscs and are involved in a variety of behaviors such as feeding, respiration, learning, and locomotion. However, previous identification of these neurons has relied almost exclusively on immunohistochemistry using antibodies, which have not been fully validated for use in molluscs. We employed tissue‐specific quantitative PCR in adults of Lymnaea stagnalis (a pulmonate gastropod) and whole‐mount in situ hybridization in larvae to both quantify and visualize messenger RNA of the catecholamine synthesis enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH messenger RNA was found to localize primarily in the foot and the central nervous system, with smaller quantities present in the cephalic sensory organs. Additionally, we performed western blots that validated a popular antibody used as a marker for catecholaminergic neurons in molluscs. Taken together, these data indicate that TH messenger RNA is present in the central and peripheral nervous system of L. stagnalis and support the specificity of past immunohistochemical labeling of the TH protein. These findings have potentially broad implications, given the wide range of biological processes that have been studied in L. stagnalis.
High Na+ conducting Na3Zr2Si2PO12/Na2Si2O5 composites as solid electrolytes for Na+ batteries
Authors: Santhoshkumar Bandaru , Choudhary Mahendra Birmaram , Bera Anup Kumar , Yusuf Seikh Mohammad , Ghosh Manasi , Pahari Bholanath 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSodium superionic conductor Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) is a promising material as a solid electrolyte for sodium‐ion batteries. The highest conductivity of ∼1.0 mS/cm at room temperature (RT) was reported for the compound with a Na content of approximately 3.3 per formula unit (f. u.) and when the material is synthesized with a final sintering temperature ≥1220°C. Herein, we propose a new synthesis method to enhance the conductivity of the NZSP by liquid‐phase sintering with the optimum amount of additive of amorphous‐Na2Si2O5. In this regard, a series of composite materials were prepared by mixing Na3Zr2Si2PO12 with amorphous‐Na2Si2O5 (NZSP/NS‐x wt.%; with x = 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0) and sintering at a lower temperature of 1150°C. Enhanced conductivity of 1.7 mS/cm at RT has been achieved for the Na3Zr2Si2PO12/Na2Si2O5‐5.0 wt.% (NZSP/NS‐5.0) composite. The effects of additives on the NZSP phase formation, microstructure, and ion conductivity have been investigated by XRD, MAS NMR, SEM, and impedance spectroscopy. Our study demonstrates that the higher conductivity of the NZSP/NS‐5.0 composite is caused by the combined effect of increased Na content in the NZSP phase (by diffusion of Na+ ions from the liquid phase of NS to bare NZSP phase), higher density, and microstructures with lesser pores.
Electrical boundary condition at the crack surface in ferroelectrics
Authors: Li Yingwei , Chen Zeji , Wang Xueyao , Wang Jie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrical boundary condition (EBC) at the crack surface has significant influence on the fracture behavior of ferroelectrics. Here, we characterized the electrical displacement (ED) response of ferroelectrics specimens with through cracks under cyclic electric field. The physical processes occurred between the crack surfaces are in situ observed. It is found that when the distance between the crack surfaces was smaller than a critical value, significant ED was measured, which cannot be rationalized by the previous EBCs. The appearance of bubbles and arcing between the crack surfaces demonstrates that dielectric breakdown occurs during electric field loading. These results imply that the EBC of the crack surface is permeable, and the dielectric breakdown process should be taken into consideration.
Donald Trump and the rationalization of transgressive behavior: The role of group prototypicality and identity advancement
Authors: Davies Ben , Leicht Carola , Abrams Dominic 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransgressive leadership, especially in politics, can have significant consequences for groups and communities. However, research suggests that transgressive leaders are often granted deviance credit, and regarded sympathetically by followers due to perceptions of the leader's group prototypicality and identity advancement. We extend previous work by examining whether these perceptions additionally play a role in rationalizing the transgressions of a leader and whether deviance credit persists after a leader exits their leadership position. The present three‐wave longitudinal study (N = 200) addresses these questions using the applied context of the 2020 US Presidential election. Across three survey waves administered during and after Donald Trump's election loss, Republicans perceived three transgressive behaviors (sharing false information, nepotism, and abuse of power) as less unethical when committed by Donald Trump than when the same behaviors are viewed in isolation. Perceptions of Trump's identity advancement, but not his group prototypicality, predicted the extent to which Republicans downplayed the unethicalness of his transgressions. Decreases in identity advancement across time were also related to increases in perceptions of Trump's unethicalness. Implications for the social identity theory of leadership, subjective group dynamics, and the broader consequences of deviance credit to transgressive leaders are discussed.
Impact of body mass index on cryoablation of atrial fibrillation: Patient characteristics, procedural data, and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Urbanek Lukas , Bordignon Stefano , Chen Shaojie , Bologna Fabrizio , Tohoku Shota , Dincher Matthias , Schulte‐Hahn Britta , Schmidt Boris , Chun Kyoung‐Ryul Julian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAblation of atrial fibrillation in the context of obesity can be challenging. We sought to evaluate the role of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (CB‐PVI) in obese patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsPatients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and symptomatic AF who underwent CB‐PVI were retrospectively enrolled. Three groups were defined (G1: BMI of 25–29 kg/m2; G2: BMI of 30–34 kg/m2; G3: BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2).Results600 patients were included (59% male; 66 ± 11 years old); 337, 149, and 114 were assigned to G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Acute procedural success was recorded in 99.7% of patients. Procedural and fluoroscopy time were comparable but the radiation dose was significantly higher in G3. Procedural complications were 3% in G1, 5.4% in G2, and 8.8% in G3 (p = .01). The overall freedom from AF after 1‐year was 77%. G3 had a significantly worse 1‐year success rate compared to G1 and G2 (G3: 66.5% vs. G1: 78.4%; p = .015 and vs. G2: 82.5%; p = .008) with reduced 1‐year success in paroxysmal AF (G1: 84.0%; G2: 86.3%; and G3: 69.6%) but not in persistent AF (G1: 68.7%; G2: 77.4%; and G3: 62.1%). G3 showed similar success rates irrespective of AF form (PAF: 69.6% vs. persAF 62.1%; p = .501).ConclusionCryoballoon ablation in obese patients can be effective with an acceptable safety profile, 77% of patients were in stable SR at 1 year. Severe obese patients (BMI ≥ 35) showed reduced procedural safety and 1‐year success rate. In association with life style modification, CB ablation may represent a strategy to enhance rhythm control in the context of obesity.
First micro‐transcriptome of the third instar larvae of Anastrepha obliqua and its association with polyphagia
Authors: Lemos‐Lucumi Cesar A. , Velasco‐Cuervo Sandra M. , Toro‐Perea Nelson 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhytophagous insects are organisms that use a part of a plant as a food resource. Within this group, we focused on the pest insect Anastrepha obliqua, a fly that feeds on fruits of plants of different species and causes economic losses on the American continent. The ability of the larvae of this species to feed on various fruits (polyphagia) has been studied from different perspectives but never at the level of microRNAs. These interfering RNAs can regulate gene expression in tissues and organs of an organism. The objective of this work was to obtain the first micro‐transcriptome and to determine its expression levels and possible target mRNAs when the third instar larvae of the species A. obliqua feed on fruits of plants of three different species: Spondias purpurea, Mangifera indica and Averrhoa star fruit. A total of 116 microRNAs were identified in the study, of which 37 were completely new. Fifty‐four microRNAs were expressed in all larvae, regardless of the fruit, while 44 were detected in larvae that fed on a specific fruit. Twenty‐one microRNAs showed differential expression, and the annotation of the targets showed that these interfering RNAs have important genes that play roles in the development, feeding and detoxification of the larvae as possible targets. The construction of the first micro‐transcriptome and the identification of possible targets for A. obliqua provide new information for understanding the mechanisms that control gene expression in this species of dipteran.
Internal vascular channel architecture in human auditory ossicles
Authors: Manoharan Shivani M. , Gray Roger , Hamilton John , Mason Matthew J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe vascular supply of the human auditory ossicles has long been of anatomical and clinical interest. While the external blood supply has been well‐described, there is only limited information available regarding the internal vascular architecture of the ossicles, and there has been little comparison of this between individuals. Based on high‐resolution micro‐CT scans, we made reconstructions of the internal vascular channels and cavities in 12 sets of ossicles from elderly donors. Despite considerable individual variation, a common basic pattern was identified. The presence of channels within the stapes footplate was confirmed. The long process of the incus and neck of the stapes showed signs of bony erosion in all specimens examined. More severe erosion was associated with interruption of some or all of the main internal vascular channels which normally pass down the incudal long process; internal excavation of the proximal process could interrupt vascular channels in ossicles which did not appear to be badly damaged from exterior inspection. An awareness of this possibility may be helpful for surgical procedures that compromise the mucosal blood supply. We also calculated ossicular densities, finding that the malleus tends to be denser than the incus. This is mainly due to a lower proportion of vascular channels and cavities within the malleus.
Mortality in Greenlanders with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Krarup Henrik B. , Rex Karsten F. , Andersen Stig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn‐depth reviewing of all medical records and clinical databases concluded a 7‐year shorter lifespan among Greenlanders infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared with non‐infected. Mortality did not associate with liver disease or any other specific disease entity. A possible mechanism for the reduced lifespan is subclinical inflammation that may be augmented by chronic viral infection. We hypothesized that chronic HBV infection contributes to this process causing a reduced life span. We added measurement of two markers of inflammation to the 10‐year follow‐up on our study of HBV among 50‐ through 69‐years‐old subjects in Greenland. The markers were YKL40 related to liver disease and hsCRP as a global marker of inflammation. Survival was evaluated using Cox regression with time until death entered as dependent variable and age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, the presence of HBsAg and one marker of inflammation as explanatory variables. Forty‐eight percent of participants with chronic HBV infection were alive after 10 years compared with 65% of participants without infection (p = 0.003). Survival associated with age (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003) and both YKL40 and hsCRP (both, p < 0.001). Harbouring HBV influenced 10‐year survival in the Cox regression after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake and inflammation. In conclusion, chronic low‐grade inflammation and being infected with HBV were independent markers of mortality in otherwise healthy subjects. Thus, the 7‐year shorter lifespan among Greenlanders with chronic HBV infection seems related to the long‐lasting infection. Our findings call for caution in perceiving a chronic infection as benign.
Hepatitis B core‐related antigen serum levels are associated with significant liver fibrosis in treatment‐naive chronic HBV infection patients
Authors: Liu Ruyu , Li Minghui , Lu Yao , Zhang Lu , Shen Ge , Wu Shuling , Chang Min , Hao Hongxiao , Hu Leiping , Gao Yuanjiao , Xu Mengjiao , Xie Yao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeveral hepatitis B virus (HBV) serum markers have been identified as risk factors for liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection, and several noninvasive fibrosis tests based on serum indexes are now used to identify the severity of liver fibrosis. We aimed to identify the relationship between hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) serum levels and liver fibrosis in treatment‐naive chronic HBV infection patients. A total of 246 treatment‐naive chronic HBV infection patients were enrolled in this study. All of the patients underwent liver biopsies at baseline. Using the METAVIR fibrosis stages, there were 15, 140, 50, 26 and 15 patients in the F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4 stages (METAVIR scoring system), respectively. The biochemical, serological and virological parameters were measured using standard laboratory procedures. The HBcrAg serum levels of the patients were examined via ELISA. HBcrAg serum levels of F2, F3 and F4 stage patients were significantly higher than those of nonsignificant liver fibrosis patients (METAVIR F0‐F1), but there were no significant differences among F2, F3 and F4 stage patients. Serum HBcrAg (OR, 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–3.16), albumin (ALB) (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41–0.87), prothrombin activity (PTA) (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40–0.83) and platelet (PLT) counts (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.25–0.57) were associated with significant liver fibrosis (METAVIR F2‐F4). The serum HBcrAg value enabled the correct identification of patients with significant fibrosis, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75–0.88). The APRI, FIB‐4 index and ALBI score can identify significant liver fibrosis with an area under the ROC curve of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66–0.81), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.65–0.80) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.55–0.72), respectively. Compared with these three indexes, the accuracy rate of diagnosis of significant fibrosis based on HBcrAg was higher than that of the FIB‐4 index (p = 0.0479) and ALBI score (p = 0.0030). HBcrAg, ALB, PTA serum levels and PLT counts were associated with significant liver fibrosis in treatment‐naive chronic HBV infection patients. HBcrAg serum levels enabled the correct identification of patients with significant fibrosis (METAVIR F2–F4), and HBcrAg was more effective than the FIB‐4 index and ALBI score.
The Paleogene Eagle Butte meteorite impact and dikes of seismic wave mobilized tuff in western Canada
Authors: Broughton Paul L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeteorite impact‐induced mobilization of a volcanic ash tuff resulting in 100s of m long lithified clastic dikes is a novel mechanism in the geologic record. The Paleogene Eagle Butte impact event in southeastern Alberta, western Canada, resulted in a 10–17 km diameter central peak crater, now partially eroded and buried without expression at the surface. Impact shock waves, degraded to elastic waves, mobilized sediment 10s  of km beyond the crater and resulted in a cluster of 100s  of m long, 10–20 cm thick, dikes consisting of volcanic ash. It is not well understood how effective meteorite impact‐induced waves would be as triggers for sediment mobilization at areas 10s of km distant from an impact crater. Emplacement of the Manyberries dike cluster provides insight into this issue and confirms that shock waves, degraded to elastic waves, can indeed liquefy and mobilize sediments at distances as much as 5 crater radii beyond an impact site. These impact‐induced waves triggered liquefaction and mobilization of a shallowly buried Campanian‐Maastrichtian deposit of volcanic ash and injected the tuff sediment along impact‐induced faults. The lithification of the dike tuff, consisting of the cristobalite–tridymite groundmass, resulted from partial dissolution of glass shards and precipitation of opaline cement. These weathering resistant dikes of indurated tuff sediment extend for as much as 800 m on recessive Campanian‐Maastrichtian shale ridges of the badlands topography.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis enhances tomato lateral root formation by modulating CEP2 peptide expression
Authors: Hsieh Yu‐Heng , Wei Yi‐Hsien , Lo Jui‐Chi , Pan Hsuan‐Yu , Yang Shu‐Yi 
Published: March 2022

Summary

Plant lateral root (LR) growth usually is stimulated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear.

We used gene expression analysis, peptide treatment and virus‐induced gene alteration assays to demonstrate that C‐terminally encoded peptide (CEP2) expression in tomato was downregulated during AM symbiosis to mitigate its negative effect on LR formation through an auxin‐related pathway.

We showed that enhanced LR density and downregulated CEP2 expression were observed during mycorrhizal symbiosis. Synthetic CEP2 peptide treatment reduced LR density and impaired the expression of genes involved in indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA, the precursor of IAA) to IAA conversion, auxin polar transport and the LR‐related signaling pathway; however, application of IBA or synthetic auxin 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to the roots may rescue both defective LR formation and reduced gene expression. CEP receptor 1 (CEPR1) might be the receptor of CEP2 because its knockdown plants did not respond to CEP2 treatment. Most importantly, the LR density of CEP2 overexpression or knockdown plants could not be further increased by AM inoculation, suggesting that CEP2 was critical for AM‐induced LR formation.

These results indicated that AM symbiosis may regulate root development by modulating CEP2, which affects the auxin‐related pathway.
Bridge pacemaker with an externalized active fixation lead for pacemaker‐dependent patients with device infection
Authors: Xiao Zengli , He Jinshan , Yang Dandan , An Youzhong , Li Xuebin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) infection has been increasing in recent years. For pacemaker‐dependent patients, a temporary pacemaker is needed before a new device can be implanted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a temporary pacing device with an externalized active fixation lead (bridge pacemaker) before a new device can be implanted in pacemaker‐dependent patients with device infection.MethodsAll patients who were admitted to our cardiac center with CIED infection and in need of bridge pacemaker implantation from April 2013 to August 2020 were prospectively enrolled in this observational study. The medical records of all patients were collected and evaluated. All procedure‐related complications were also collected. Long‐term outcomes, including reinfection and death within 1 year after hospital discharge, were collected through telephone follow‐ups.ResultsDuring the study period, 1050 patients underwent CIED extraction, of which 312 pacemaker‐dependent patients underwent bridge pacemaker implantation. The mean age of the extracted leads was 44 ± 38.7 months. The bridge pacemakers were in use for a mean duration of 6 days. Nine patients developed procedure‐related complications including pericardial tamponade, pneumothorax, peripheral venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Three patients developed complications that were related to their bridge pacemakers, including lead dislodgement, over‐sensing and elevated pacing threshold. During the 1‐year follow‐up, it was found that four patients had developed CIED reinfection and three patients had died due to cardiac‐related reasons.ConclusionsA bridge pacemaker with an externalized active fixation lead is safe and efficacious for pacemaker‐dependent patients with device infection.