bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of plasma levels of itraconazole with treatment response at 4 weeks in chronic dermatophytosis: Results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bhalavi Hitesh , Shaw Dipika , Mehta Hitaishi , Narang Tarun , Sachdeva Naresh , Shafiq Nusrat , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Dogra Sunil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundItraconazole in varying doses and duration is being frequently used for the management of dermatophytosis. There is a scarcity of studies on the bioavailability of various itraconazole brands available in the market.Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of itraconazole of various brands and its correlation with clinical efficacy in chronic dermatophytosis.Materials and MethodsOne hundred patients with chronic dermatophytosis with age >18 years were studied at the outpatient clinic of our tertiary care hospital. Plasma itraconazole level was estimated on Week 2 and Week 4 after randomly dividing the patients into Groups A, B and C who received cap itraconazole 100 mg twice a day of innovator, multinational and local generic brands, respectively, for 4 weeks. Both efficacy (cure, partial cure or no cure), safety and recurrence were compared between the three groups.ResultsAt 4 weeks, number of patients classified as ‘cured’ were 10/26 (38.4%) in Group A, 5/22 in Group B (22.7%) and 3/21 (14.2%) in Group C (p = .002). Mycological cure rates at Week 4 in Groups A, B and C were 21 (80.8%), 17 (81.0%) and 5 (26.3%), respectively (p = .006). Plasma levels of itraconazole were comparable between the three groups at Week 2 and Week 4. No statistically significant correlation was found between itraconazole levels and treatment response in any of the groups at 4 weeks. Incidence of adverse effects and recurrence rates was also similar among the three groups.ConclusionCure rates for chronic dermatophytosis were poor with all three itraconazole brands at 4 weeks of treatment. Higher cure rates were obtained with innovator drug as compared to multinational and local generic brands at 4 weeks. Plasma levels of the three drugs were however similar, indicating that factors other than serum bioavailability are at play in determining response of chronic dermatophyte infections to oral itraconazole.
Productivity and Performance: A GMM approach
Authors: Tsionas Mike G. , Kumbhakar Subal C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper we propose a single‐step generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to estimate a production function with multiple quasi‐fixed and variable inputs as well as productivity and inefficiency. Our approach relies on the system consisting of the production function, the first‐order conditions of expected profit maximization with respect to the variable inputs, as well as general formulations for dynamic productivity and inefficiency. The estimation procedure takes care of correlations of both productivity and inefficiency with the variable inputs without using any distributional assumptions on the error terms (including inefficiency) in the system. We use Indonesian manufacturing census data to illustrate workings of our procedure.
Assessing adolescents' readiness for action and attitudes toward obesity prevention: Instrument development and psychometric properties
Authors: Grewal Navnit Kaur , Klepp Knut‐Inge , Banik Anna , Bröer Christian , Holbæk Helene , Luszczynska Aleksandra , Macauley Talia , Rutter Harry , Lien Nanna 
Published: December 2022

SummaryEngaging adolescents in obesity prevention is a main objective of the CO‐CREATE project. This paper presents the development of a questionnaire to assess readiness for action and attitudes toward obesity prevention among adolescents. The questionnaire was developed based on literature searches and internal discussions with experts in the CO‐CREATE consortium. The questionnaire was translated, back translated, and pretested for time and comprehensiveness by adolescents from five countries (the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the United Kingdom). Exploratory factor analysis was performed, and internal reliability of the resulting factors was determined using baseline data from Poland and Norway. Furthermore, test–retest reliability was assessed in a sample of Norwegian adolescents. The exploratory factor analysis on readiness for action identified four factors. Analysis on attitudes toward obesity prevention identified four factors on responsibility and five factors on drivers of behavior. Six of the factors had a Cronbach's alpha value above 0.70, five factors had a value between 0.60–0.70, whereas the remaining two factors were below 0.60. The test–retest correlation ranged from 0.46 to 0.87. The exploratory factor analyzes on readiness for action identified the same factors as hypothesized in the development of the questionnaire, whereas attitudes toward obesity prevention identified more factors than initially assumed. The questionnaire is considered reliable as a tool for measuring adolescents' readiness for action and attitudes toward obesity prevention.
Screening of functionalized collagen membranes with a porcine periodontal regeneration model
Authors: Quan Bryan D. , Sadeghi Rokhsareh , Ikeda Yuichi , Ganss Bernhard , Hamilton Douglas W. , McCulloch Christopher A. , Sone Eli D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesCurrent methods for periodontal regeneration do not promote collagen fiber insertions into new bone and cementum. We used a pig wound model to screen different functionalized collagen membranes in promoting periodontal reattachment to root surfaces.MethodsTreatment groups included (1) control with no membranes, (2) collagen‐coated membranes, (3) membranes with insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), (4) membranes with amelotin, or (5) membranes attached with calcium phosphate cement (CPC), or with CPC combined with IGF‐1. Flap procedures were performed on mandibular and maxillary premolars of each pig.ResultsHistomorphometric, micro‐CT, and clinical measurements obtained at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery showed cementum formation on denuded roots and reformation of alveolar bone, indicating that the pig model can model healing responses in periodontal regeneration. Calcium phosphate cement simplified procedures by eliminating the need for sutures and improved regeneration of alveolar bone (p < 0.05) compared with other treatments. There was a reduction (p < 0.05) of PD only for the IGF group. Large observed variances between treatment groups indicated that a priori power analyses should be conducted to optimize statistical analysis.ConclusionsPigs can model discrete elements of periodontal healing using collagen‐based, functionalized membranes. Screening indicates that membrane anchorage with calcium phosphate cements improve regeneration of alveolar bone.
The Correlation between Variation of Labral Attachment and Lesions of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in Patients with Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Lu Yi , Li Yue , Zhang Hailong , Li Xu , Li Fenglong , Jiang Chunyan 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThere was no universally accepted classification system that describes LHBT lesions as a type of its' pathology in patients with shoulder pain. This study aimed to determine the correlation of anatomic variants of glenoid labrum attachment of long head of biceps tendon (LHBT) and to assess their association, if any, with its lesions in rotator cuff tear (RCT) patients.MethodsAll RCT patients from January 2016 to December 2019 were assessed arthroscopically to classify the LHBT labrum attachment according to its' anatomical location. A simplified classification was created to describe the LHBT as normal, tendinitis, subluxation or dislocation, partial tear and superior labral tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion beyond type II The RCT were classified as three types as partial, small to medium and large to massive. The correlation of variants of LHBT labral attachment with type of LHBT lesions in different RCT groups was evaluated.ResultsIn total, 669 patients were included for evaluation. The attachment of the LHBT was entirely posterior in 23 shoulders (3.4%), posterior‐dominant in 81 shoulders (12.1%), and equal in 565 shoulders (84.4%). In equal distribution LHBT attachment group, age > 60 (odds ratio: 2.928, P < 0.001) and size of RCT (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions. In the analysis of all patients, comparing with the partial thickness rotator cuff tear (PTRCT), the odds ratio of small to medium RCT and large to massive RCT was 2.398 and 6.606 respectively. In addition, age > 60 (odds ratio: 2.854, P < 0.001) and size of RCT (P < 0.001) were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions. In posterior dominant group, size of RCT was a significant risk factor of LHBT lesions but not any others (P < 0.001). In entirely posterior group, no risk factor of LHBT lesions was found. It showed that the variation of LHBT attachment was not a significant risk factor of LHBT lesions in rotator cuff repaired patients (p = 0.075).ConclusionsThere are three types of LHBT labrum attachment in RCT patients on arthroscopic observation. 84.4% were equal distribution of LHBT attachment on glenoid labrum, followed by posterior‐dominant (12.1%) and entirely posterior type (3.4%) in present study. Although the variation of LHBT attachment was not a significant risk factor of LHBT lesion in rotator cuff repaired(RCR) patients, there were different risk factors among three LHBT labral attachment types. In RCR patients, age > 60 and RCT size were significant risk factors of LHBT lesions.
Targeted memory reactivation during sleep influences social bias as a function of slow‐oscillation phase and delta power
Authors: Xia Tao , Antony James W. , Paller Ken A. , Hu Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo understand how memories are reactivated and consolidated during sleep, experimenters have employed the unobtrusive re‐presentation of memory cues from a variety of pre‐sleep learning tasks. Using this procedure, known as targeted memory reactivation (TMR), we previously found that reactivation of counter‐social‐bias training during post‐training sleep could selectively enhance training effects in reducing unintentional social biases. Here, we describe re‐analyses of electroencephalographic (EEG) data from this previous study to characterize neurophysiological correlates of TMR‐induced bias reduction. We found that TMR benefits in bias reduction were associated with (a) the timing of memory‐related cue presentation relative to the 0.1–1.5 Hz slow‐oscillation phase and (b) cue‐elicited EEG power within the 1–4 Hz delta range. Although cue delivery was at a fixed rate in this study and not contingent on the slow‐oscillation phase, cues were found to be clustered in slow‐oscillation upstates for those participants with stronger TMR benefits. Similarly, higher cue‐elicited delta power 250–1000 ms after cue onset was also linked with larger TMR benefits. These electrophysiological results substantiate the claim that memory reactivation altered social bias in the original study, while also informing neural explanations of these benefits. Future research should consider these sleep physiology parameters in relation to TMR applications and to memory reactivation in general.
Group‐based flow: The influence of cardiovascular synchronization and identifiability
Authors: Snijdewint Joyce A. , Scheepers Daan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious work has demonstrated the role of group‐based flow in group performance and experience, but the physiological correlates of these relations are largely unknown. We examined the relation between cardiovascular synchronization, self‐reported flow, and performance in a three‐person online gaming task. We included measures of Heart Rate (HR), Pre‐Ejection Period (PEP), and Cardiac Output (CO) as indices of task engagement and challenge (vs. threat) motivation. Group members were identifiable (i.e., visible) or anonymous during the game. Results indicated that PEP (as a marker of task engagement) and within‐group synchronization in PEP, predicted flow, and that synchronization in PEP mediated the relation between group performance and experienced flow. The anonymity vs. identifiability of group members did not play a role in these effects. Results are discussed in terms of implications for flow theory, group dynamics, and physiological synchrony.
How anger and fear influence policy narratives: Advocacy and regulation of oil and gas drilling in Colorado
Authors: Pierce Jonathan J. , Miller‐Stevens Katrina , Hicks Isabel , Castaneda Zilly Dova , Rangaraj Saigopal , Rao Evan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen advocating for policy change, coalitions rely on various elements and strategies of policy narratives, including emotions. However, past research on the Narrative Policy Framework, and more broadly on the policy process, has largely ignored the role of emotions. This paper argues that emotions, such as anger and fear, are central to how coalitions advocate for policy change. It explores the role of anger and fear in policy narratives by examining the oral testimony (n = 474) given over four legislative committee hearings in March 2019 concerning Colorado Senate Bill 19‐181. This bill changed the mission of the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission to prioritize protecting the environment and public health over oil and gas development. This research finds the coalition that successfully supported the bill used anger towards the oil and gas industry, while those that opposed the bill relied more on fear of the uncertain consequences of the bill. It also finds the coalition that opposed the bill relied on self‐characterization as heroes and victims, which was a failed strategy. The implications for this research on the Narrative Policy Framework and, more broadly, for the policy process and advocacy are discussed.
Comparing the role of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness in prospectively predicting active suicidal ideation
Authors: Jacobucci Ross , McClure Kenneth , Ammerman Brooke A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has been foundational in guiding current suicide literature. Despite recent research underscoring fluctuations of suicidal ideation within hours, there have been few studies examining the key constructs of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness within an intensive framework. Thus, the current study aimed to add cumulative knowledge regarding the within‐person relationship between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and active suicidal ideation as assessed within an ecological momentary assessment design.MethodA final sample of 35 individuals with a past‐year history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors completed brief surveys four times per day for 30 days.ResultsFindings highlighted that the addition of covariates may offer small improvements in modeling subsequent suicidal ideation, while controlling for SI at the prior time. Further, both thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were associated with next timepoint suicidal ideation, and their interaction added little incremental value.ConclusionFindings demonstrate the potential importance of thwarted belongingness in predicting suicidal ideation. Further, results highlight that the main effects of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, rather than their interaction, may be more important to consider in relation to active suicidal ideation.
Staining of stratum corneum with fluorescent ε‐poly‐L‐lysine and its application to evaluation of skin conditions
Authors: Yoshida Moemi , Numajiri Sana , Notani Nao , Sato Nao , Nomoto Koji , Arikawa Hitomi , Urabe Hiroya , Ichikawa Hideyuki , Akimoto Ryuji , Sato Jun‐ichi , Yamashita Yuji , Hirao Tetsuji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundε‐Poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) is a cationic polymer consisting of 25 to 35 L‐lysine residues that adheres to the surface of skin as well as hair. However, the properties of PLL regarding its adhesion to the skin remain to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the staining of stratum corneum (SC) with fluorescence‐labeled PLL and explored its relationship with skin condition.Materials and methodsAlexa Fluor 488‐labeled PLL (AF‐PLL) was reacted with tape‐stripped stratum corneum (SC), and the staining properties were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Clinical study was performed by measuring the water content of the cheek SC and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and the tape‐stripped SC was subjected to staining with AF‐PLL.ResultsAF‐PLL staining of the SC was inhibited at acidic pH or by the addition of high concentration of salt solution, suggesting the involvement of ionic interaction between PLL and the SC, at least in part. The AF‐PLL staining was inhibited by unlabeled PLL or various alkyl amines, but not by L‐lysine monomer. AF‐PLL staining was observed inside the corneocytes as well as surrounding cornified envelope. Clinical study revealed that AF‐PLL staining intensity of the SC was negatively correlated with its water content and positively correlated with its TEWL.ConclusionPLL can efficiently adhere to SC and AF‐PLL staining of SC can be applied to evaluate skin conditions.
Early Childhood Memories Are not Repressed: Either They Were Never Formed or Were Quickly Forgotten
Authors: Howe Mark L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEarly childhood events are rarely remembered in adulthood. In fact, memory for these early experiences declines during childhood itself. This holds regardless of whether these memories of autobiographical experiences are traumatic or mundane, everyday experiences. Indeed, what people tend to remember from their childhoods involves relatively innocuous experiences, ones often devoid of emotion. In this article, I provide an overview of the types of memories adults recall from their childhoods and the ages at which these memories are believed to have been formed. Along the way, I provide a brief exegesis of the neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of early memory development. I will show that changes and growth in neural interconnectivity as well as the development of various cognitive structures (e.g., the inception of the cognitive self) help propel the emergence of a mature autobiographical memory system, one that can and does serve as a reconstructive base for remembering events that occur in later childhood and adulthood. During the course of this review, I detail the nature of early memories, their fragility, and the adaptive consequences of forgetting and supplanting these memories with newer, more age‐appropriate experiences throughout childhood.
On the relationship between trade openness and government size
Authors: Bharati Tushar , Farhad Mohammad , Jetter Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDoes trade openness systematically imply bigger governments, as proposed by Rodrik (Journal of Political Economy, 106, 997 and 1998)? This paper presents a novel and more refined explanation for when and why international trade may enlarge the public sector. We propose that trade openness is associated with bigger governments via the compensation pathway if the price volatility of a country's export basket is substantial and the country is democratic. The first condition satisfies the prior that trade openness introduces uncertainty and external risk. The second condition ensures that the people's desire for greater economic security can be realised through government spending. Empirical evidence for 137 countries, that account for approximately 95% of world population, from 2000–2016 is consistent with this hypothesis. Exploring areas of public spending, we find intuitive patterns. Consistent with the compensation hypothesis, government spending on economic affairs and housing increases significantly with trade openness, whereas spending on education, health care, and the military is not affected. As with our general result, this is only the case in democracies that are subject to high price volatility on the global market.
Modified B‐QUIET scoring of kidney images acquired by veterinary students in live canines with versus without sequential practice on ultrasound phantoms
Authors: Cheney Diane M , Voges Andra K , Ritter Nicola , Scallan Elizabeth , Chaney Kristin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUltrasound phantoms are training tools that can help students learn basic ultrasound principles. The purpose of this prospective cohort design study was to determine whether preclinical veterinary students in a curriculum with more phantom training sessions acquire better‐quality ultrasound images of kidneys in live canines compared with students in a curriculum without sequential phantom training sessions. In clinical skills labs, 132 second‐year (2VM) and 130 third‐year (3VM) veterinary students obtained sagittal and transverse images of the left kidney of healthy, student‐owned dogs. Images were graded on proper identification/orientation, technique, and image anatomy using a modified Brightness Mode Quality Ultrasound Imaging Examination Technique, a modified standardized ultrasound interpretation scale. A two‐sample t‐test was used to compare 2VM and 3VM performance. 2VM students were inaugural members of a redesigned curriculum and had previously participated in eight clinical skills labs involving hands‐on ultrasound practice using phantoms and live animals prior to this study. The 3VM students were the final members of the prior curriculum and had previously participated in a single ultrasound lab using phantoms and a single ultrasound lab using live animals. For Identification/Orientation categories, 2VM students acquired slightly but statistically significantly better transverse images (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between identification/orientation tasks for sagittal images or for technique and image anatomy categories. The findings indicate that future studies assessing more sensitive evaluation tools and serial evaluation of students may be beneficial in monitoring student competency and assist in evaluating the role of phantoms in ultrasound training in the veterinary curriculum.
Hormesis mediates platelet‐rich plasma and wound healing
Authors: Calabrese Edward J. , Kapoor Rachna , Dhawan Gaurav , Calabrese Vittorio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has become an accepted and general wound healing approach with an extremely wide range of applications. Despite considerable diversity in the composition of platelet‐rich plasma products that are applied in specific wound healing usage, it is widely recognised that such diverse platelet‐rich plasma complex mixtures routinely display hormetic‐like biphasic concentrations that are independent of the tissue treated and endpoints measured. The present paper is the first to place the area of platelet‐rich plasma‐biomedical research and applications within an hormetic framework. The platelet‐rich plasma area is also unique as it represents the application of the hormetic concept to the issue of complex biological mixtures.
Diophantine approximation in metric space
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M. , Koivusalo Henna , Ramírez Felipe A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiophantine approximation is traditionally the study of how well real numbers are approximated by rationals. We propose a model for studying Diophantine approximation in an arbitrary totally bounded metric space where the rationals are replaced with a countable hierarchy of “well‐spread” points, which we refer to asabstract rationals. We prove various Jarník–Besicovitch type dimension bounds and investigate their sharpness.
Linnik's large sieve and the L1$L^{1}$ norm of exponential sums
Authors: Eckels Emily , Jin Steven , Ledoan Andrew , Tobin Brian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe elementary method of Balog and Ruzsa and the large sieve of Linnik are utilized to investigate the behaviour of the norm of an exponential sum over the primes. A new proof of a lower bound due to Vaughan for the norm of an exponential sum formed with the von Mangoldt function is furnished.