bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal differences in the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in an overexploited shelf sea ecosystem
Authors: Li Yuru , Ma Shuyang , Fu Caihong , Li Jianchao , Tian Yongjun , Sun Peng , Ju Peilong , Liu Shude 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimBiodiversity loss results in reduced ecosystem functioning. However, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (the BEF relationship) in overexploited ecosystems remains controversial largely because of the lack of validation in nature. Therefore, in this study, through four seasonal trawl surveys of demersal fish assemblages off the shelf sea of Shandong Province, China, we explored BEF relationships and their seasonal variability. Furthermore, we assessed the relative importance of the environment and biodiversity on biomass variations.LocationShelf sea of Shandong Province, China.MethodsAt each station, we calculated taxonomic and functional diversity indices, and examined their association with ecosystem functioning based on the biomass index. Moreover, we examined the biomass index's association with two environmental variables, sea bottom temperature and sea surface chlorophyll‐a concentration, to investigate the relative importance of the environmental conditions in explaining changes in ecosystem functioning.ResultsTwo taxonomic diversity indices (species richness and variance) and two functional diversity indices (functional richness and functional evenness) were significantly associated with biomass in at least one season. However, the BEF relationships were not consistent among the seasons, highlighting the need to consider season‐specific biodiversity indices (e.g., functional evenness). Specifically, despite consistently significant BEF relationships in the four seasons for species richness, variance, and functional richness, we noted temporally variable BEF relationships for functional evenness. Both the environment and biodiversity produced a strong synergistic effect on biomass, although their relative importance varied among seasons.Main conclusionsBiodiversity greatly contributes to ecosystem functioning, underscoring the need to assess the consequences of biodiversity loss on ecosystems using integrated taxonomic and trait‐based approaches. Our findings on season‐dependent BEF relationships provide evidence for considering seasonal factors before applying BEF relationships to ecosystem‐based management, at least in overexploited shelf sea ecosystems.
Walking activity after multilevel orthopedic surgery in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Church Chris , Biermann Isabel , Lennon Nancy , Henley John D. , Butler Stephanie , Niiler Tim , Shrader Michael Wade , Miller Freeman , Howard Jason J. 
Published: March 2022

AimTo determine how surgical burden and preoperative factors affect the recovery of walking activity after multilevel orthopedic surgery (MLS).MethodIn this retrospective study, inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, MLS, and walking activity monitoring using a StepWatch device within 12 months pre‐MLS and 24 months post‐MLS. The outcome measure was total mean strides per day normalized to age and Gross Motor Function Classification System level. Pre‐ and postoperative walking activity were compared using unpaired t‐tests; the effects of preoperative predictors and surgical burden on the recovery of walking activity were evaluated using regression analysis.ResultsParticipants included 178 children (mean age 12 years 10 months [SD 8 years 7 months; range 4–20 years]; 91 males, 87 females). On average, children returned to baseline walking activity 3 months after low‐burden surgery and 1 year 2 months after high‐burden surgery. Postoperative walking activity was higher for children who had surgery at a younger age and those with a higher preoperative mobility function.InterpretationThe burden of MLS was found to be inversely related to the time to recovery of postoperative walking activity. These findings provide evidence to help clinicians set expectations for return to function post‐MLS. Further study is necessary to investigate the impact of postoperative factors on walking activity recovery.What this paper adds

High‐burden surgeries lead to longer recovery than low‐burden surgeries.
Younger children recover walking activity faster after multilevel orthopedic surgery.
Children with high preoperative mobility function recover walking activity faster after surgery.
Effectiveness of group metacognitive training and cognitive–behavioural therapy in a transdiagnostic manner for young patients with psychotic and non‐psychotic disorders
Authors: Kim Sung‐Wan , Hyun Sumi , Kim Jae‐Kyoung , Kim Honey , Jhon Min , Kim Ju‐Wan , Park Cheol , Lee Ju‐Yeon , Kim Jae‐Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate group metacognitive training and cognitive–behavioural therapy (MCT/CBT) prospectively in a young population with various psychiatric disorders, including psychotic and mood disorders.MethodsThis was a prospective study to investigate the effectiveness of group MCT/CBT on quality of life, psychotic symptoms, depression, self‐esteem, perceived stress, social function and social cognition. The objective measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), clinical global impression (CGI), personal and social performance scale for social functioning, a computerized continuous performance test for sustained attention and a computerized emotional recognition test for social cognition. Self‐report measures administered included the Subjective Well‐being under Neuroleptics for quality of life, Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire for suspiciousness, Drug Attitude Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale and visual analogue scale for the EQ‐5D.ResultsAmong 110 young patients with early psychosis and mood disorders who participated, 82 (74.5%) completed the study. Social functioning, quality of life, self‐esteem, resilience, depression, suspiciousness, social cognition, sustained attention and scores on the PANSS and CGI improved significantly after completing group MCT/CBT. Perceived stress, resilience and suspiciousness improved significantly only in participants with a non‐psychotic disorder. Improvements in subjective well‐being of the participants were associated with increases in self‐esteem and resilience and decreases in depression and perceived stress.ConclusionsOur study showed that group transdiagnostic MCT/CBT for young patients with mental illness improved subjective wellbeing, self‐esteem, resilience, social cognition and social functioning and significantly diminished suspiciousness, perceived stress and depression.
Competition and diversification in higher education: Analysing impacts on access and equity in the case of Portugal
Authors: Teixeira Pedro N. , Silva Pedro Luís , Biscaia Ricardo , Sá Carla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, higher education has experienced a massive expansion worldwide, which has often been linked to increasing higher education diversification. New sectors and new types of institutions emerged with this massification process to offer more diversified types of advanced training. At the same time, this expansion was often embedded in a political economy that increasingly favoured market forces, leading to growing privatisation and competition in the higher education sector. This article explores the relevance of institutional diversification and competition in higher education for access and equity in Portugal. The case of higher education in Portugal is particularly interesting since Portugal has a diverse system both in secondary education and in higher education, with significant vocational and private sectors at both levels (besides the more common academic and university tracks and public institutions). We analyse the profile of new cohorts of entrants by sector (public vs. private higher education institutions) and fields of study. Our results suggest that private secondary schools provide an advantageous track for accessing higher education, especially to prestigious programmes and institutions to which students compete to access. The analysis also indicates that socioeconomic background is a very relevant factor for access to higher education. Although students whose parents do not have a higher education degree may enrol in higher education, those whose parents have higher levels of educational attainment tend to enrol in more prestigious programmes and institutions, to which access is more competitive.
Female sex pheromone emission is affected by body condition, but not immune system function, in the orb‐web spider Argiope bruennichi
Authors: Weiss Katharina , Schneider Jutta M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSex pheromones function as species and sex recognition signals but can be equally important for mate assessment and choice. Adaptive mate choice requires the covariation of signal characteristics with fitness‐relevant traits, which can be achieved by condition‐dependent costs of signalling. Given a physiological link between signal production and other vital processes, such as immune system function, the expression of the sexual signal may result in decreased body condition or increased pathogen susceptibility. According to honest signalling theory, only high‐quality individuals should be able to produce high‐quality sexual signals. We tested this prediction in the sexual signal of female wasp spiders, Argiope bruennichi. Female A. bruennichi produce the volatile pheromone trimethyl methylcitrate, which not only attracts males from a distance but also is the main foundation for short‐distance male mate choice. Recent experiments showed that females use pheromones prudently and tailor the amount of pheromone produced to their needs, suggesting costs of pheromone production. Here we manipulated female physiological condition using both immune challenge and feeding treatments in a fully factorial design. Fed or starved females were injured with a needle that was sterile or coated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides. We found no effect of immune system stimulation on pheromone production, but food stress significantly reduced the amount of pheromone produced. Importantly, this response was apparent in terms of both absolute pheromone amounts and body mass‐normalized relative pheromone amounts indicating that this effect was due to reduced pheromone production rather than reduced body surface or volume. Given the close association of the female pheromone and the citric acid cycle, the main catabolism pathway for energy production in the cell, we argue that the female pheromone of A. bruennichi may signal a female's general capacity of energy production according to the “shared pathway hypothesis” for signal honesty.
Secretomes as an emerging class of bioactive ingredients for enhanced cosmeceutical applications
Authors: Tan Kei‐Xian , Chang Trixie , Lin Xiangliang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSkin ageing is predominantly caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic factors, leading to undesirable skin features. Advancements in both molecular and cellular fields have created possibilities in developing novel stem cell‐derived active ingredients for cosmeceutical applications and the beauty industry. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐derived secretomes or conditioned media hold great promise for advancing skin repair and regeneration due to the presence of varying cytokines. These cytokines signal our cells and trigger biological mechanisms associated with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐ageing, proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we discuss the potential of MSC secretomes as novel biomaterials for skincare and rejuvenation by illustrating their mechanism of action related to wound healing, anti‐ageing and whitening properties. The advantages and disadvantages of secretomes are compared with both plant‐based and animal‐derived extracts. In addition, this paper reviews the current safety standards, regulations, market products and research work related to the cosmeceutical applications of secretomes along with strategies to maintain and improve the therapeutic efficacy and production of secretomes. The future outlook of beauty industry is also presented. Lastly, we highlight significant challenges to be addressed for the clinical realization of MSC secretomes‐based skin therapies as well as providing perspectives for the future direction of secretomes.
Emerging Ideas: Father–child exchanges, configurations, and discourse during shared book‐reading: An interaction analysis
Authors: Campbell Cory J. , Schindler Holly S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective and BackgroundShared book‐reading (SBR) has long been thought of as a way to improve language skills in children, but the specifics of SBR practices have been studied less often, especially with fathers.MethodThis study used interaction analysis—a qualitative methodology that examines the participants' discourse, actions, and surroundings together—to examine videos of nine predominantly Hispanic fathers as they engaged in SBR with their infants and toddlers (aged 9–35 months) using a developmentally appropriate book offered in both English and Spanish. Analyses examined the discourse strategies fathers used during SBR, how fathers physically supported joint attention, and how discourse was supported through physical reading configurations, conjoined speech, and movement practices.Conclusion and ImplicationsFindings illustrate how interaction analysis allows for additional information of fathers' and children's SBR practices to be examined in future studies. This study suggests that more holistic assessments of infants' and toddlers' communicative behaviors and language should be used when interacting with fathers and their young children.
Intersectional identities and career progression in retail: The experiences of minority‐ethnic women
Authors: Kele Juliet Elizabeth , Cassell Catherine , Ford Jacqueline , Watson Kathryn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContributing to scholarship on diversity and inclusion (D&I) and careers within UK retailing, this paper documents the lived experiences of minority‐ethnic women working in retail. Given the extensive research on both the career obstacles faced by women in a highly feminized sector and the disadvantages experienced by minority‐ethnic workers in the UK labor market more broadly, consideration of social identity categories beyond gender and their impact on retailing careers in the existing literature is limited. Here we use intersectionality theory to explain how individual‐level identity categories, such as gender, ethnicity and religion, intersect with wider organisational practices, which disadvantage the career progression of minority‐ethnic women in UK retail. In a service‐driven sector dependent upon consumers, we conclude that there is a need to consider intersectional identity experiences and power relations within the customer‐employee relationship, as this disproportionately affects minority‐ethnic women and the realization of their career goals in retail.
A critical analysis of clinical research methods to study regenerative endodontics
Authors: Galler Kerstin M. , Akamp Tobias , Knüttel Helge , Widbiller Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRegenerative endodontic treatment such as revitalization provides a treatment option for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. The main difference to the alternative procedure, the apical plug, is the induction of a blood clot inside the canal as a scaffold for healing and new tissue formation. Due to the biology‐based and minimally‐invasive nature of the treatment, revitalization has raised considerable interest in recent years. Whereas the procedure is fairly new and recommendations from endodontic societies have been in place only for a few years, the treatment protocol has evolved over the past two decades. Evidence has been created, not only from laboratory and animal work, but also from clinical studies including case reports, cohort studies and eventually prospective randomized controlled clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. However, the research methods and clinical studies with subsequent reports oftentimes present with methodical limitations, which makes it difficult to objectively assess the value of this treatment modality. Several open questions remain, including the need for a more differentiated indication of revitalization after different traumatic injuries, the long‐term prognosis of treated teeth and the true benefits for the patient. Therefore, this review aims to identify and reflect on such limitations, scrutinizing study design, diagnostic tools, procedural details and outcome parameters. A core outcome set is also proposed in this context, which can be considered in future clinical investigations. These considerations may lead to a more detailed and stringent planning and execution of future studies in order to create high‐quality evidence for the treatment modality of revitalization and thus provide more robust data, create a larger body of knowledge for clinicians and further specify current recommendations.
Laser sintering of Al2O3‐based green ceramics prepared by different pre‐sintering temperatures
Authors: Liu Yayun , Wang Chuanyang , Zhang Kedong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAl2O3‐based green ceramics are prepared by isostatic cold pressing technology. The prepared green ceramics are pre‐sintered at the temperature from room temperature to 1100°C, and then Al2O3 ceramics are prepared by laser sintering. The effects of pre‐sintering temperatures and laser parameters on mechanical properties and the sintering quality are analyzed. The results show that good crystallinity of Al2O3 particles is obtained at a higher pre‐sintering temperature. The flexural strength and density of green ceramics increase with the temperature of heat treatment. The flexural strength decreases slightly at ∼200°C due to the paraffin binder disintegration. The pre‐sintering temperature and laser processing parameters have a significant influence on the sintering quality. With the increase of laser power and laser frequency, dynamic grain growth occurs, and then grains are refined. The majority of plate‐like grains are transformed into long cylindrical‐like grains in the severe densification process. However, porous flocculation microstructures are generated on the samples pre‐sintered at 1100°C after laser sintering, which is due to the material gasification in atmospheric environment during sintering by infrared laser. More uniform microstructure and better sintering quality of samples pre‐sintered at 500°C can be achieved after laser sintering with a relatively narrower grain size distribution.
A reinforcement learning approach for transaction scheduling in a shuttle‐based storage and retrieval system
Authors: Ekren Banu Y. , Arslan Bartu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith recent Industry 4.0 developments, companies tend to automate their industries. Warehousing companies also take part in this trend. A shuttle‐based storage and retrieval system (SBS/RS) is an automated storage and retrieval system technology experiencing recent drastic market growth. This technology is mostly utilized in large distribution centers processing mini‐loads. With the recent increase in e‐commerce practices, fast delivery requirements with low volume orders have increased. SBS/RS provides ultrahigh‐speed load handling due to having an excess amount of shuttles in the system. However, not only the physical design of an automated warehousing technology but also the design of operational system policies would help with fast handling targets. In this work, in an effort to increase the performance of an SBS/RS, we apply a machine learning (ML) (i.e.,Q‐learning) approach on a newly proposed tier‐to‐tier SBS/RS design, redesigned from a traditional tier‐captive SBS/RS. The novelty of this paper is twofold: First, we propose a novel SBS/RS design where shuttles can travel between tiers in the system; second, due to the complexity of operation of shuttles in that newly proposed design, we implement an ML‐based algorithm for transaction selection in that system. The ML‐based solution is compared with traditional scheduling approaches: first‐in‐first‐out and shortest process time (i.e., travel) scheduling rules. The results indicate that in most cases, theQ‐learning approach performs better than the two static scheduling approaches.
Sharpening polycrystalline phase boundary for potassium sodium niobate ceramics with MnF2 modification
Authors: Tao Hong , Yin Jie , Wu Wenjuan , Zhao Lin , Ma Jian , Wu Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influence of anion on structure and performance is unclear in potassium sodium niobate ((K,Na)NbO3; KNN)‐based ceramics, while cation doping has been widely researched. Here, the phase structure and electrical properties are explored in MnF2‐doped KNN ceramics. Significantly, sharp rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) and orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase boundary as well as reduced diffusion degree is exhibited in the ceramics along with little changed phase transition temperatures due to the optimized F− content at O site, which is different from that of cation replacement for A and B sites. Notably, the domain wall motion is facilitated due to the increased A vacancy and decreased O vacancy along with strengthened polarity, originating from the higher valence state and electronegativity of F− with respect to O2−. And then, enhanced ferroelectricity is realized via MnF2 modification, the piezoelectricity is elevated in turn. This work presents a new idea of anion doping for controlling structure and properties in perovskite materials.
Integration of Design Thinking with Cultural Intelligence in Higher Education for a Socially Complex Environment
Authors: Peng Fanke , Kueh Christopher 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on international design education and the benefits of combining design thinking with cross‐cultural empathy, in addressing ‘wicked’ global problems in our society. There is a lack of cross‐cultural design thinking‐specific approaches in international education literature. This study aims to cover the main contributors to the development of design thinking, Cultural Intelligence (CQ), and explore their different views. It discusses the metric of CQ, its importance in the world today and how to improve CQ, through cross‐cultural design workshops and units that deal with ‘wicked’ global problems and scenarios. The approach involves a combination of design thinking methods with an empathy framework, to seek meaningful participation in the entire design process for a socially complex environment. Furthermore, the results reveal that, co‐design with cross‐cultural empathy relates to the increasing development of CQ. The findings are discussed and related to the implications for the use of design thinking in international higher education.