bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage-Specific Survival in Breast Cancer in Chinese and White Women: Comparative Data Analysis
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhou Juan , Liu Lei , Wu San-Gang 
Published: October 2022

Background
Stage-specific survival, according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological prognostic staging (PPS) on breast cancer (BC), between Chinese and White American women remains unclear.

Objective
This study aimed to assess stage-specific survival in BC between Chinese and White American women according to the eighth AJCC PPS.

Methods
We included Chinese and White American women with BC diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. A chi-square test, the Kaplan–Meier method, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used for data analysis.

Results
We included 376,818 individuals in this study: 369,522 White American and 7296 Chinese. Of them, 149,452 (39.7%) migrated from the seventh AJCC anatomic staging (AS) to the eighth AJCC PPS, 22,516 (6.0%) were upstaged, and 126,936 (33.7%) were downstaged. With a median follow-up duration of 44 months, the 5-year overall survival and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for the entire group were 87.4% and 95.9%, respectively. The seventh AJCC AS (P<.001) and the eighth AJCC PPS (P<.001) could significantly predict the survival outcomes of BC, and multivariate analysis revealed that both staging systems were significant prognostic indicators of CSS. The ROC curve revealed that the PPS had a better discriminating ability than the AS (area under the curve [AUC] 0.769 vs 0.753, P<.001). Similar trends were observed after stratification by the 2 ethnic groups. The eighth AJCC PPS had better discriminating ability than the seventh AJCC AS among both White American (AUC 0.769 vs 0.753, P<.001) and Chinese patients (AUC 0.790 vs 0.776, P<.001). In the seventh AJCC AS, Chinese women had better CSS in stage IA (P=.02), stage IIA (P=.005), and stage IIIB (P=.04) disease than White American women, but no significant CSS was observed in stage IB, IIB, IIIA, and IIIC disease between the 2 ethnic groups. Regarding the eighth AJCC PPS, Chinese women had better CSS in stage IA (P=.002) and IIIA (P=.046) disease than White American women, and CSS was similar in Chinese and White American women in other substages.

Conclusions
The eighth AJCC PPS has a similar discriminative ability between White American and Chinese individuals with BC compared with the seventh AJCC AS. Therefore, the eighth AJCC PPS is also applicable to Chinese individuals with BC.
End Users' Perspectives on the Quality and Design of mHealth Technologies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines: Qualitative Study
Authors: Gonzales Aldren , Custodio Razel , Lapitan Marie Carmela , Ladia Mary Ann 
Published: October 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has expanded the use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies in contact tracing, communicating COVID-19–related information, and monitoring the health conditions of the general population in the Philippines. However, the limited end-user engagement in the features and feedback along the development cycle of mHealth technologies results in risks in adoption. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends user-centric design and development of mHealth technologies to ensure responsiveness to the needs of the end users.

Objective
The goal of the study is to understand, using end users’ perspectives, the design and quality of mHealth technology implementations in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the areas identified by stakeholders: (1) utility, (2) technology readiness level, (3) design, (4) information, (5) usability, (6) features, and (7) security and privacy.

Methods
Using a descriptive qualitative design, we conducted 5 interviews and 3 focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 16 participants (6, 37.5%, males and 10, 62.5%, females). Questions were based on the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). Using the cyclical coding approach, transcripts were analyzed with NVivo 12. Themes were identified.

Results
The qualitative analysis identified 18 themes that were organized under the 7 focus areas: (1) utility: use of mHealth technologies and motivations in using mHealth; (2) technology readiness: mobile technology literacy and user segmentation; (3) design: user interface design, language and content accessibility, and technology design; (4) information: accuracy of information and use of information; (5) usability: design factors, dependency on human processes, and technical issues; (6) features: interoperability and data integration, other feature and design recommendations, and technology features and upgrades; and (7) privacy and security: trust that mHealth can secure data, lack of information, and policies. To highlight, accessibility, privacy and security, a simple interface, and integration are some of the design and quality areas that end users find important and consider in using mHealth tools.

Conclusions
Engaging end users in the development and design of mHealth technologies ensures adoption and accessibility, making it a valuable tool in curbing the pandemic. The 6 principles for developers, researchers, and implementers to consider when scaling up or developing a new mHealth solution in a low-resource setting are that it should (1) be driven by value in its implementation, (2) be inclusive, (3) address users’ physical and cognitive restrictions, (4) ensure privacy and security, (5) be designed in accordance with digital health systems’ standards, and (6) be trusted by end users.
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions on Exercise Behavior Among People With Multiple Sclerosis Enrolled in an Exercise Trial: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Palmer Louise C , Neal Whitney N , Motl Robert W , Backus Deborah 
Published: October 2022

Background
During spring and summer 2020, US states implemented COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, resulting in the closure of rehabilitation facilities and, with them, some of the clinical trials that were taking place. One such trial was the Supervised Versus Telerehabilitation Exercise Program for Multiple Sclerosis (“STEP for MS”) comparative effectiveness multiple sclerosis (MS) exercise trial. Although 1 study arm was implemented via telerehabilitation, the comparative arm took place in rehabilitation facilities nationwide and was subsequently closed during this time frame. The experience of the STEP for MS participants provides insights into the impact of lockdown restrictions on exercise behavior by mode of exercise delivery (telerehabilitation vs conventional facility based).

Objective
This study sought to understand the impact of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on exercise behavior among people with MS enrolled in an exercise trial at the time of the restrictions.

Methods
Semistructured phone and video interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 8 participants representing both arms of the exercise trial. We applied reflexive thematic analysis to identify, analyze, and interpret common themes in the data.

Results
We identified 7 main themes and 2 different narratives describing the exercise experiences during lockdown restrictions. Although the telerehabilitation participants continued exercising without interruption, facility-based participants experienced a range of barriers that impeded their ability to exercise. In particular, the loss of perceived social support gained from exercising in a facility with exercise coaches and other people with MS eroded both the accountability and motivation to exercise. Aerobic exercises via walking were the most impacted, with participants pointing to the need for at-home treadmills.

Conclusions
The unprecedented disruption of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions in spring and summer 2020 impacted the ability of facility-based STEP for MS exercise trial participants to exercise in adherence to the intervention protocol. By contrast, the participants in the telerehabilitation-delivered exercise arm continued exercising without interruption and reported positive impacts of the intervention during this time. Telerehabilitation exercise programs may hold promise for overcoming barriers to exercise for people with MS during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, and potentially other lockdown scenarios, if the participation in telerehabilitation has already been established.
Inhibition of Carbon Steel Corrosion by Some New Organic 2-Hydroselenoacetamide Derivatives in HCl Medium
Authors: Khalib Alaa Abdel Khaleq , Al-Hazam Hanan Abdul Jaleel , Hassan Attared Fadhel 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to prepare 2-hydroselenoacetamide derivatives (5-8) to use some of these compounds as corrosion inhibition for carbon steel in 1 M HCl. The compound C10H10NO2Cl 1 was prepared by reacting between p-aminoacetophenone with chloroacetyl chloride, and then reacted 1 with substituted benzaldehyde to obtain the corresponding derivatives as C17H13N2O4Cl 2, C18H16NO4Cl 3 and C19H18NO4Cl 4. The last step in this study was conducted to obtain the organic hydroselenoacetamide such as C10H11NO2Se 5, C17H14N2O4Se 6, C18H17NO4Se 7, and C19H19NO4Se 8 by reacting chloroaminochalcone and sodium hydrogen selenide. All compounds were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and elemental analysis (CHN). The corrosion inhibition activity of C17H14N2O4Se 6, C18H17NO4Se 7 and C19H18NO4Cl 4 for carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated by using weight loss methods and electrochemical study. The activation energy of the corrosion reaction was also calculated. The effect of different concentrations and temperatures on inhibition efficiency was investigated. The results showed that the corrosion rate decreased with the increase of the concentration of inhibitors, while the inhibition efficiency and covered area decreased with an increase in the temperature. Polarization studies demonstrated that the inhibitors were of mixed type. The purpose of this study was to prepare, characterize and evaluate the corrosion inhibition activity of hydroselenide compounds for carbon steel in 1 M HCl.
Mario Boza, director y fundador del Departamento de Parques Nacionales de Costa Rica
Authors: Christopher Vaughan  
Published: October 2022

Poco después de recibir su M.Sc. en Ciencias Forestales con énfasis en Manejo de Tierras Silvestres en el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA) en 1968, el Ing. Mario Boza fue declarado director del recién creado Departamento de Parques Nacionales de Costa Rica. Fue inmediatamente responsable de cuatro tierras silvestres nacionales creadas alrededor de 1970: el Parque Nacional Volcán Poás, el Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, el Parque Nacional Tortuguero y el Monumento Nacional Cahuita. Aunque se enfrentó a recursos financieros y humanos limitados, trabajando con su colega Álvaro Ugalde, demostró ser dinámico y decidido, buscando donantes, aliados políticos y voluntarios nacionales e internacionales. Como voluntario del Cuerpo de Paz con Mario, entre 1971-1974, me asignaron para trabajar con Mario y los científicos del Centro de Ciencias Tropicales (Drs. Holdridge, Tosi y Skutch), en un inventario para localizar futuros parques nacionales y reservas biológicas. Para la mayoría de las áreas potenciales, viajé solo o acompañado con biólogos o guías, pero Mario me acompañó en dos viajes. El segundo viaje fue en 1975 al futuro Parque Nacional Corcovado y ocurrió después de que Mario fuera director y yo profesor en la Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales. Había visitado Corcovado varias veces durante el inventario, y quería que Mario lo visitara sobre todo porque aún no había sido declarado parque nacional y estaba bajo una gran presión de ser destruido por la agricultura, los oreros y una empresa transnacional forestal y de desarrollo. Fuimos y Mario terminó de convencerse. Así, usando nuestros informes anteriores y sus contactos políticos, Mario y su colega, Álvaro Ugalde, entonces director del Departamento de Parques Nacionales de Costa Rica, persuadieron al presidente costarricense Daniel Oduber de decretar el Parque Nacional Corcovado en agosto de 1975.
Å telle aviser. Bakgrunn, kilder, problemer og erfaringer
Authors: Høst Sigurd 
Published: October 2022

På 1980-tallet dekket avisstatistikken bare de avisene som var medlemmer av Norske Avisers Landsforening. Derfor var det mange aviser, særlig små lokalaviser, som ikke var tatt med. Ingen visste hvor mange det var av dem, og hvor mange aviser det ble til sammen. For å skaffe mer nøyaktige tall begynte jeg å lage et register som skulle dekke alle norske aviser. Den første utgaven var ferdig i 1990, og resultatene ble blant annet brukt av det dagspresseutvalget som ble oppnevnt i 1991. Senere har registeret vært grunnlag for Avisåret, en serie med årlige tabell- og kommentarrapporter som har dekket hele perioden fra 1994 og frem til 2020.
De første utgavene av rapporten gjaldt bare vanlige aviser, det vi i dag vil kalle betalte papiraviser. Senere er rapportene utvidet med tidsserier som gjelder avisenes nyhetssider på internett (fra 1996), gratisaviser på papir (fra 1999) og betalte nettaviser (fra 2017).
Artikkelen beskriver arbeidet med registeret og statistikken, og det er lagt spesiell vekt på kildebruk og metodeproblemer. For den som er vokst opp med Google, kan det være vanskelig å forestille seg en situasjon der nesten alt kildearbeid handlet om å finne frem til, og å vurdere, informasjon på papir.
Barnevern og media: Kjeldebruk i Naustdalsaka
Authors: Flo Idar 
Published: October 2022

I november 2015 overtok barnevernet i Naustdal kommune omsorga for fem barn frå den norsk-rumenske Bodnariu-familien og plasserte dei i tre fosterheimer. Foreldra i den såkalla «Naustdalsaka» blei sikta og seinare tiltalte for bruk av vald mot barna sine. Foreldra var pinsevener, og fleire av støttespelarane deira hevda at det var frykt for kristen indoktrinering som var den eigentlege grunnen til at barnevernet tok frå dei barna.
Barnevernet er pålagt ei streng teieplikt som tydeleg innskrenkar i kva grad barnevernet kan uttale seg og grunngje avgjerdene sine overfor media. Dersom barnevernet på grunn av teieplikta ikkje kan nytte seg av tilsvarsretten, kan det føre til at media verken gjev eit korrekt eller balansert bilde av barnevernsaker. Dette konfliktfylte forholdet mellom barnevern og media er tema for denne artikkelen, der to riksdekkande medium si dekning av den såkalla «Naustdalsaka» blir analysert.
Analysen legg vekt på korleis barnevernet og andre kjelder blei brukte i NRK.no og Dagen si dekning av saka. Med utgangspunkt i framing-teori er målet å samanlikne desse to riksdekkande media si tolkingsramme av Naustdalsaka.
A magyar felnőtt lakosság egészségműveltsége
Authors: Bíró, Éva , Szabó, Pálma , Kósa, Karolina 
Published: October 2022

Bevezetés: Az egészségműveltség fogalma az elmúlt két évtizedben került az egészségügy fókuszába. Többféle koncepciója ismert, ennek megfelelően mérésére is többféle teszt használható. Hazánkban az elmúlt néhány évben nőtt meg ezen a területen a kutatások száma, ezért a magyar nyelven elérhető publikált kérdőívek és országos felmérések száma is csekély. Kutatásunkban a magyar lakosság egészségműveltségét vizsgáltuk két különböző, külföldi kutatásokban gyakran használt eszköz alkalmazásával.
Módszertan: A keresztmetszeti adatgyűjtés 2019-ben, 1 200 fő részvételével a magyar felnőtt lakosságra kor, nem, valamint lakóhely szerint reprezentatív mintán zajlott. Az egészségműveltség mérésére a „Rövid Egészségműveltségi Szűrő Teszt” (Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool, BRIEF) és az „Átlagos Tápérték Teszt” (Newest Vital Sign, NVS) magyar nyelven validált változatait használtuk. A leíró elemzések a nem, kor és lakóhely szerinti súlyozott adatokon történtek a 95%-os megbízhatósági tartományok megadásával. Az egészségműveltség meghatározó elemeit bináris logisztikus regresszió segítségével állapítottuk meg.
Eredmények: Az NVS kérdőív kérdéseire adott válaszok alapján a lakosság 17,9%-nak nagy valószínűséggel inadekvát (elégtelen), 28,1%-nak valószínűleg limitált (korlátozott) és 54,0%-nak nagy valószí-nűséggel megfelelő a funkcionális egészségműveltsége. A BRIEF teszt alapján a válaszadók közel egyharmada került az elégtelen, 35,9%-a a marginális (problémás) és 29,8%-a az adekvát (megfelelő) szubjektív egészségműveltségű kategóriába. Az NVS kérdőívvel mért funkcionális egészségműveltség esélyét növelte a magasabb iskolai végzettség, a kedvezőbb egészségi állapot és az erős társas támasz, ugyanakkor a BRIEF teszttel mért szubjektív egészségműveltség megfelelő mértékének esélyét csak a felsőfokú végzettség emelte. A két különböző teszttel mért eredmények pozitív kapcsolatban voltak egymással, azaz a megfelelő szubjektív egészségműveltség növelte a megfelelő funkcionális egészségműveltség esélyét és fordítva.
Következtetések: Mindkét teszt eredményei alapján indokoltnak tartható az egészségműveltséget javító beavatkozások tervezése és kivitelezése a hazai népesség körében. Tekintettel arra, hogy az egészségműveltséget befolyásoló tényezők közül csak az iskolai végzettséggel volt egyértelműen kimutatható kapcsolat, így az egészségműveltséget növelő beavatkozások legfontosabb színterei az iskolák lehetnek. Mivel az eredmények szerint a lakosság közel felének nem megfelelő az egészségműveltsége, ajánlott lenne a felnőtteknek szóló, egészséggel kapcsolatos tájékoztatók és betegedukációs anyagok vizsgálata, illetve szükség esetén átdolgozása annak érdekében, hogy azokat az alacsonyabb iskolai végzettségű személyek is megértsék, tartalmukat hasznosítsák. Az eredmények alapján az a megállapítás is felvethető, hogy az egészségműveltség szintje függ attól, hogy milyen eszközt használnak annak mérésére.
Long noncoding and micro-RNA expression in a model of articular chondrocyte degeneration induced by stromal cell-derived factor-1
Authors: Wang Guoliang , He Lu , Xiang Yaoyu , Jia Di , Li Yanlin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Gene regulatory network analysis has found that long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Objectives
To determine the differential expression of lncRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in normal chondrocytes and those from a model of articular chondrocyte degeneration.

Methods
Chondrocytes were cultured from cartilage obtained from patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the knee. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was used to induce their degeneration. Total RNA was extracted, analyzed, amplified, labeled, and hybridized on a chip to determine expression. The set of enriched differentially expressed miRNAs was analyzed by gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes to describe the functional properties of the key biological processes and pathways. We conducted a bioinformatics analysis using Cytoscape to elucidate the interactions between miRNAs and proteins.

Results
We found that the expression of 186 lncRNAs was significantly different in the model of chondrocyte degeneration, in which 88 lncRNAs were upregulated, and 98 were downregulated. Expression of 684 miRNAs was significantly different. Analysis of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network indicated that the genes for CXCL10, ISG15, MYC, MX1, OASL, IFIT1, RSAD2, MX2, IFI44L, and BST2 are the top 10 core genes, identifying the most important functional modules to elucidate the differential expression of miRNAs.

Conclusions
These data may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of chondrocyte degeneration in osteoarthritis, and the identification of lncRNAs and miRNAs may provide potential targets for the differential diagnosis and therapy of osteoarthritis.
Promoter methylation analysis of DKK2 may be a potential biomarker for early detection of cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Xian , Li Aihua , Wu Jie , Wu Yu , Ma Xiaoping , Liu Yanjun , Chen Qingfa , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Dickkopf 2 (DKK2) plays an important role in multiple cancers. Its potential value in the clinical diagnosis of cervical cancer has remained unclear.

Objectives
To investigate the expression and promoter methylation levels of DKK2 in cervical cancer and their clinicopathological associations.

Methods
We used the Gene Expression Omnibus, Oncomine, Cancer Genome Atlas, and University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis databases, reverse transcription-PCR, and methylation-specific PCR analysis to predict and examine the expression of DKK2 mRNA and DKK2 methylation levels in cell lines and cervical cancer tissues from 79 patients with cervical cancer and 63 with cervical precancerous lesions including 25 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 38 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).

Results
DKK2 mRNA expression was downregulated in all cancer cell lines and cervical cancer tissues, whereas hypermethylation of DKK2 was higher in cervical cancer tissue samples. DKK2 methylation in cervical cancer was significantly higher than that in HSIL (χ2 = 8.346, P = 0.004), whereas DKK2 methylation in HSIL was significantly higher than that in normal cervical samples (χ2 = 7.934, P = 0.005) and in LSIL samples (χ2 = 4.375, P = 0.037). DKK2 silencing caused by its promoter hypermethylation was confirmed by treatment with the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-dC in cell lines. Patients with lymph node metastasis exhibited increased promoter methylation frequency (χ2 = 5.239, P = 0.022) and low DKK2 mRNA expression (χ2 = 3.958, P = 0.047) compared with patients with no lymph node metastasis. Patients with high-risk human papillomavirus infection exhibited increased promoter methylation frequency (χ2 = 6.279, P = 0.015).

Conclusions

DKK2 epigenetic changes of DKK2 may play a key role in the development of cervical cancer, suggesting that DKK2 hypermethylation could be used as a triage test for screening, early diagnosis, or risk prediction of cervical cancer.