bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of transfusion‐related acute lung injury and human immunodeficiency virus associated with donations from trans donors in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Domingue Marie‐Pier , Camirand Lemyre Félix , Aubé Eliana , Renaud Christian , Thibeault Catherine , Caruso Jessica , Otis Joanne , Grégoire Yves , Lewin Antoine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood operator must establish selection criteria according to the populations at risk of blood‐related infections and complications. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the risks of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated with donations from trans persons.Materials and MethodsDonor screening data from Héma‐Québec were used. The risks of TRALI and HIV were estimated based on internal data and assumptions derived from the literature. The risk was assessed under four scenarios: a most likely scenario, an optimistic scenario and two pessimistic scenarios. All scenarios assumed no prior screening for trans donors.ResultsThe trans population comprised 134 donors, including 94 (70.1%) trans men. Of the 134 donors, 58 (43.3%) were deferred from donating a blood‐derived product because of an ongoing gender‐affirming genital surgery, and the remaining 76 (56.7%) were eligible donors. The risk of having a TRALI‐causing donation, given that it comes from a trans man, was estimated at one every 115–999 years for all scenarios. The risk of having an HIV‐contaminated donation, given that it comes from a trans woman, was estimated at one every 1881–37,600 years for all scenarios.ConclusionThis study suggests that donations from trans persons are associated with a negligible risk of TRALI and HIV.
Prosocial Norm Emergence in Multi-agent Systems
Authors: Mashayekhi Mehdi , Ajmeri Nirav , List George F. , Singh Munindar P. 
Published: June 2022

Multi-agent systems provide a basis for developing systems of autonomous entities and thus find application in a variety of domains. We consider a setting where not only the member agents are adaptive but also the multi-agent system viewed as an entity in its own right is adaptive. Specifically, the social structure of a multi-agent system can be reflected in the social norms among its members. It is well recognized that the norms that arise in society are not always beneficial to its members. We focus on prosocial norms, which help achieve positive outcomes for society and often provide guidance to agents to act in a manner that takes into account the welfare of others.
Specifically, we propose Cha, a framework for the emergence of prosocial norms. Unlike previous norm emergence approaches, Cha supports continual change to a system (agents may enter and leave) and dynamism (norms may change when the environment changes). Importantly, Cha agents incorporate prosocial decision-making based on inequity aversion theory, reflecting an intuition of guilt arising from being antisocial. In this manner, Cha brings together two important themes in prosociality: decision-making by individuals and fairness of system-level outcomes. We demonstrate via simulation that Cha can improve aggregate societal gains and fairness of outcomes.
Images Are Data: Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Translation of Radiomics
Authors: Mu Wei , Schabath Matthew B. , Gillies Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Radiomics provides an opportunity to uncover image-based biomarkers through the conversion and analysis of standard-of-care medical images into high-dimensional mineable data. In the last decade, thousands of studies have been published on different clinical applications, novel analysis algorithms, and the stability and reproducibility of radiomics. Despite this, interstudy comparisons are challenging because there is not a generally accepted analytic and reporting standard. The ability to compare and combine results from multiple studies using interoperative platforms is an essential component on the path toward clinical application. The NCI supported study from van Griethuysen and colleagues published in Cancer Research in 2017 proposed PyRadiomics: an open-source radiomics quantification platform for standardized image processing. Since released, it has become a frequently utilized analytic tool in the radiomics literature and has accelerated the capability of combining data from different studies. The subsequent challenge will be the design of multicenter trials with a fixed and immutable version of software, which is currently open-source, readily modified and freely distributed. Generally, this is accomplished with a commercial partner to navigate the regulatory processes.
See related article by van Griethuysen and colleagues, Cancer Res 2017;77:e104–7.
Periphery and Downtown: Sociability and uses of the urban areas
Authors: Magnani José Guilherme Cantor 
Published: June 2022

The article is based on research on sociability forms and meeting sites in the city of São Paulo. lt proposes analytical-enic categories as neighbourhood areas, trajectory, etc. as mean for understanding the relations between social habits and the urban spaces where they take place. The purpose of the article is to present those categories and discuss their process of construction, their effectiveness and their possibilities of use as analytical tools
Arsenic Exposure, Blood DNA Methylation, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Domingo-Relloso Arce , Makhani Kiran , Riffo-Campos Angela L. , Tellez-Plaza Maria , Klein Kathleen Oros , Subedi Pooja , Zhao Jinying , Moon Katherine A. , Bozack Anne K. , Haack Karin , Goessler Walter , Umans Jason G. , Best Lyle G. , Zhang Ying , Herreros-Martinez Miguel , Glabonjat Ronald A. , Schilling Kathrin , Galvez-Fernandez Marta , Kent Jack W. , Sanchez Tiffany R , Taylor Kent D. , Johnson W. Craig , Durda Peter , Tracy Russell P. , Rotter Jerome I. , Rich Stephen S. , Van Den Berg David , Kasela Silva , Lappalainen Tuuli , Vasan Ramachandran S , Joehanes Roby , Howard Barbara V. , Levy Daniel , Lohman Kurt , Liu Yongmei , Fallin M Daniele , Cole Shelley A. , Mann Koren K. , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Epigenetic dysregulation has been proposed as a key mechanism for arsenic-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated differentially methylated positions (DMPs) as potential mediators on the association between arsenic and CVD.

Methods:

Blood DNA methylation was measured in 2321 participants (mean age 56.2, 58.6% women) of the Strong Heart Study, a prospective cohort of American Indians. Urinary arsenic species were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We identified DMPs that are potential mediators between arsenic and CVD. In a cross-species analysis, we compared those DMPs with differential liver DNA methylation following early-life arsenic exposure in the apoE knockout (apoE
−/−
) mouse model of atherosclerosis.

Results:
A total of 20 and 13 DMPs were potential mediators for CVD incidence and mortality, respectively, several of them annotated to genes related to diabetes. Eleven of these DMPs were similarly associated with incident CVD in 3 diverse prospective cohorts (Framingham Heart Study, Women’s Health Initiative, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). In the mouse model, differentially methylated regions in 20 of those genes and DMPs in 10 genes were associated with arsenic.

Conclusions:
Differential DNA methylation might be part of the biological link between arsenic and CVD. The gene functions suggest that diabetes might represent a relevant mechanism for arsenic-related cardiovascular risk in populations with a high burden of diabetes.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Screening for Cardiac Sarcoidosis in Patients With Atrioventricular Block Requiring Temporary Pacing
Authors: Vuorinen Aino‐Maija , Lehtonen Jukka , Pakarinen Sami , Holmström Miia , Kivistö Sari , Kaasalainen Touko 
Published: June 2022

Background
Some myocardial diseases, such as cardiac sarcoidosis, predispose to complete atrioventricular block. The European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on cardiac pacing in 2021 recommend myocardial disease screening in patients with conduction disorder requiring pacemaker with multimodality imaging, including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. The ability of CMR imaging to detect myocardial disease in patients with a temporary pacing wire is not well documented.

Methods and Results
Our myocardial disease screening protocol is based on using an active fixation pacing lead connected to a reusable extracorporeal pacing generator (temporary permanent pacemaker) as a bridge to a permanent pacemaker. From 2011 to 2019, we identified 17 patients from our CMR database who underwent CMR imaging with a temporary permanent pacemaker for atrioventricular block. We analyzed their clinical presentations, CMR data, and pacemaker therapy. All CMRs were performed without adverse events. Pacing leads induced minor artifacts to the septal myocardial segments. The extent of late gadolinium enhancement in CMR imaging was used to screen patients for the presence of myocardial disease. Patients with evidence of late gadolinium enhancement underwent endomyocardial biopsy. If considered clinically indicated, also 18‐F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and extracardiac tissue biopsy were performed if sarcoidosis was suspected. Eventually, 8 of 17 patients (47.1%) were diagnosed with histologically confirmed granulomatous inflammatory cardiac disease. Importantly, only 1 had a previously diagnosed extracardiac sarcoidosis at the time of presentation with high‐degree atrioventricular block.

Conclusions
CMR imaging with temporary permanent pacemaker protocol is an effective and safe early screening tool for myocardial disease in patients presenting with atrioventricular block requiring immediate, continuous pacing for bradycardia.
Pericarditis and Autoinflammation: A Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Patients With Idiopathic Recurrent Pericarditis and Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases at a National Referral Center
Authors: Peet Claire J. , Rowczenio Dorota , Omoyinmi Ebun , Papadopoulou Charalampia , Mapalo Bella Ruth R. , Wood Michael R. , Capon Francesca , Lachmann Helen J. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis (IRP) is an orphan disease that carries significant morbidity, partly driven by corticosteroid dependence. Innate immune modulators, colchicine and anti‐interleukin‐1 agents, pioneered in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in trials, suggesting that autoinflammation may contribute to IRP. This study characterizes the phenotype of patients with IRP and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases, and establishes whether autoinflammatory disease genes are associated with IRP.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with IRP (n=136) and monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (n=1910) attending a national center (London, UK) between 2000 and 2021. We examined 4 genes (
MEFV, MVK, NLRP3, TNFRSF1A
) by next‐generation sequencing in 128 patients with IRP and compared the frequency of rare deleterious variants to controls obtained from the Genome Aggregation Database. In this cohort of patients with IRP, corticosteroid dependence was common (39/136, 28.7%) and was associated with chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio 2.8 [95% CI, 1.3–6.5],
P
=0.012). IRP frequently manifested with systemic inflammation (raised C‐reactive protein [121/136, 89.0%] and extrapericardial effusions [68/136, 50.0%]). Pericarditis was observed in all examined monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (0.4%–3.7% of cases). Rare deleterious
MEFV
variants were more frequent in IRP than in ancestry‐matched controls (allele frequency 9/200 versus 2932/129 200,
P
=0.040).

Conclusions

Pericarditis is a feature of interleukin‐1 driven monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and IRP is associated with variants in
MEFV
, a gene involved in interleukin‐1β processing. We also found that corticosteroid dependence in IRP is associated with chronic noninflammatory pain. Together these data implicate autoinflammation in IRP and support reducing reliance on corticosteroids in its management.
Supporting Canadian Nursing Students to Write the NCLEX-RN Exam: A Three-Phased Mixed Methods Descriptive Design
Authors: Gaudet Julie , Thibeault Catherine , Betts Lorraine , Mastrilli Paula , Saeed Dalia , Ilyin Nicole 
Published: June 2022

Background In 2015, the College of Nurses of Ontario, replaced the Canadian Registered Nurse Examination with the NCLEX-RN exam as entry-to-practice. Faculty in a college-university partnership searched for products to provide nursing students with focused practice in writing exams modelled on the Canadian NCLEX-RN test plan. Purpose The aim of this three-phased evaluation study was to test and validate NCLEX-RN exam preparation materials newly developed for the Canadian context. Methods A mixed methods descriptive design was used to capture subjective perspectives and objective measures. After ethical approval was obtained, 13 students assessed the e-learning platform's usability. Eight faculty/clinical experts assessed the content validity of materials using a content validity index (CVI) at both item (I-CVI), and scale (S-CVI) levels. Lastly, 72 completed tests served as the basis for assessing psychometric properties of selected test items. Results Materials were assessed as useful and easy to use and navigate. I-CVIs ranged between 0.5 to 1.0 with none falling below 0.5 while S-CVIs were above the standard for acceptability of greater than 0.8 with none falling below 0.9. Overall test reliability measured by the Kuder-Richardson formula was 0.73. Many items assessed for difficulty (64%) showed a proportion of correct responses within desired ranges, and most point-biserial indices ranged from fair to very good. Conclusion Strong evidence supported the usability and content validity of the materials assessed. Item difficulty and discrimination analyses were within acceptable ranges. Suggestions for improvements were offered. Predictive analysis should form the basis of future research in this area.
Cemented acetabular components combined with trabecular metal augments provide excellent long-term survivorship for severe acetabular bone loss
Authors: Garala Kanai , Remtulla Mohammed abbas , Verma Raghav , Lawrence Trevor 
Published: June 2022

Background: Acetabular bone loss is a challenging problem for revision hip surgeons. This study aimed to explore long-term outcomes of patients who have undergone cemented acetabular revision in conjunction with trabecular metal augmentation and impaction bone grafting in cases with significant segmental bone loss. Methods: All patients who underwent cemented acetabular revision requiring impaction bone grafting and trabecular metal augments with a minimum Paprosky score of 2B and minimum follow up of 5 years were identified. Pre- and postoperative WOMAC scores were compared. An assessment of pre- and postoperative hip centre of rotation was performed and compared to native centre of rotation. Immediate postoperative centre of rotation was then compared to radiographs at latest follow up to measure for migration of acetabular components. Results: 42 patients were identified. Mean age was 53 years old with 7 males and 35 female patients. Mean follow-up was 9.5 years. Preoperative WOMAC score was 30 and there was an increase to 90 ( p < 0.01) at latest follow-up. No hips were revised for loosening or infection. There was a mean improvement in centre of rotation of 6.80 mm (CI, 4.57–9.03 mm) which was significant ( p < 0.00002). There was no change of position of centre of rotation from immediate postoperative radiographs and those at latest follow up ( p = 0.3). Conclusions: Cemented acetabular components work well in conjunction with trabecular metal augments and impacted bone grafts in reconstructing complex acetabular defects. Together they provide immediate and long-term component stability, with excellent long-term clinical and radiological outcomes.
Parent Perspectives for Type B Ulnar Polydactyly Management
Authors: Goebel Gunnar J. , Loewenstein Scott N. , Adkinson Joshua M. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Type B ulnar polydactyly is one of the most commonly encountered congenital hand differences and can be treated with ligation or excision. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors families consider in selecting treatment for their child with type B ulnar polydactyly. Methods: We reviewed treatment outcomes and administered a survey by telephone to parents of children with type B ulnar polydactyly treated at a pediatric hospital between 2015 and 2020. We assessed satisfaction, reasons for choosing treatment, and post-management complications. Results: The families of 70 of the 156 consecutive treated patients were successfully contacted and agreed to participate (45% response rate). The mean follow-up was 27 months. Twenty-eight chose in-office suture ligation and 42 chose excision. Rapid treatment was prioritized by those who opted for in-office ligation ( P = .044). The complication rate for suture ligation was significantly higher than excision ( P < .0001), with the most common complication being a residual remnant (nubbin or neuroma stump) (64%). Respondents with residual remnant reported significantly less satisfaction with the appearance of their child’s hand ( P < .001) and with treatment outcomes ( P = .028) compared to those without residual remnants. Conclusions: Factors considered by parents in choosing type of treatment for type B ulnar polydactyly vary and may be significantly influenced by the surgeon. Although the majority of parents remain extremely satisfied with their child’s outcome regardless of management type, time to treatment plays a determinative role in parents opting for ligation rather than excision in the operating room.
Dose-Response Effects of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation on Blood Parameters in Industrial Irradiation Workers
Authors: Guo Jia-jia , Liu Ning , Ma Zheng , Gong Zi-jun , Liang Yue-lang , Cheng Qi , Zhong Xin-guang , Yao Zhen-jiang 
Published: June 2022

While previous studies have focused on the health effects of occupational exposure of radiations on medical radiation workers, few have analyzed the dose-response relationship between low radiation doses and changes in blood parameters. Even fewer studies have been conducted on industrial worker populations. Using a prospective cohort study design, this study collected health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from 705 industrial irradiation workers who underwent regular physical examinations at Dongguan Sixth People’s Hospital. The dose-response effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on blood parameters were assessed using a generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model. Red blood cell counts decreased then increased, before decreasing again with increasing ionizing radiation. This was in contrast to the curve of the total platelet count after irradiation. Additionally, a radiation dose of 2.904 mSv was the turning point for the nonlinear curve of hemoglobin count changes. In conclusion, long-term, low-dose ionizing radiation affects blood cell levels in industrial irradiation workers. There is a nonlinear dose-response relationship between red blood cell, platelet, and hemoglobin counts and the cumulative radiation dose. These findings should alert radiation workers to seek preventive medical treatment before the occurrence of any serious hematopoietic disease.
Characterizing the KRAS G12C mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort and assessment of expression differences in The Cancer Genome Atlas
Authors: Li Meredith , Keshavarz-Rahaghi Faeze , Ladua Gale , Swanson Lucas , Speers Caroline , Renouf Daniel J. , Lim Howard J. , Davies Janine M. , Gill Sharlene , Stuart Heather C. , Yip Stephen , Loree Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), RAS mutations impart inferior survival and resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies. KRAS G12C inhibitors have been developed and we evaluated how KRAS G12C differs from other RAS mutations. Patients and Methods: This retrospective review evaluated patients in British Columbia, Canada with mCRC and RAS testing performed between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2018. Sequencing information from The Cancer Genome Analysis (TCGA) was also obtained and analysed. Results: Age at diagnosis, sex, anatomic location and stage at diagnosis did not differ by RAS mutation type. Progression free survival on first chemotherapy for patients with metastatic KRAS G12C tumours was 11 months. Median overall survival did not differ by RAS mutation type but was worse for both KRAS G12C (27 months) and non-G12C alterations (29 months) than wildtype (43 months) ( p = 0.01). Within the TCGA, there was no differential gene expression between KRAS G12C and other RAS mutations. However, eight genes with copy number differences between the G12C and non-G12C RAS mutant groups were identified after adjusting for multiple comparisons ( FITM2, PDRG1, POFUT1, ERGIC3, EDEM2, PIGU, MANBAL and PXMP4). We also noted that other RAS mutant mCRCs had a higher tumour mutation burden than those with KRAS G12C mutations (median 3.05 vs 2.06 muts/Mb, p = 4.2e–3) and that KRAS G12C/other RAS had differing consensus molecular subtype distribution from wildtype colorectal cancer (CRC) ( p < 0.0001) but not each other ( p = 0.14). Conclusion: KRAS G12C tumours have similar clinical presentation to other RAS mutant tumours, however, are associated with differential copy number alterations.