bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of cardiometabolic risk factors with hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19: population-based cohort study in Sweden (SCAPIS)
Authors: Tornhammar Per , Jernberg Tomas , Bergström Göran , Blomberg Anders , Engström Gunnar , Engvall Jan , Fall Tove , Gisslén Magnus , Janson Christer , Lind Lars , Sköld C Magnus , Sundström Johan , Söderberg Stefan , Zaigham Suneela , Östgren Carl Johan , Andersson Daniel Peter , Ueda Peter 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the association of cardiometabolic risk factors with hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19 in the general population.Design, setting and participantsSwedish population-based cohort including 29 955 participants.ExposuresCardiometabolic risk factors assessed between 2014 and 2018.Main outcome measuresHospitalisation or death due to COVID-19, as registered in nationwide registers from 31 January 2020 through 12 September 2020. Associations of cardiometabolic risk factors with the outcome were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, birthplace and education.ResultsMean (SD) age was 61.2 (4.5) and 51.5% were women. 69 participants experienced hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19. Examples of statistically significant associations between baseline factors and subsequent hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19 included overweight (adjusted OR (aOR) vs normal weight 2.73 (95% CI 1.25 to 5.94)), obesity (aOR vs normal weight 4.09 (95% CI 1.82 to 9.18)), pre-diabetes (aOR vs normoglycaemia 2.56 (95% CI 1.44 to 4.55)), diabetes (aOR vs normoglycaemia 3.96 (95% CI 2.13 to 7.36)), sedentary time (aOR per hour/day increase 1.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.17)), grade 2 hypertension (aOR vs normotension 2.44 (95% CI 1.10 to 5.44)) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (aOR per mmol/L increase 0.33 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.65)). Statistically significant associations were not observed for grade 1 hypertension (aOR vs normotension 1.03 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.96)), current smoking (aOR 0.56 (95% CI 0.24 to 1.30)), total cholesterol (aOR per mmol/L increase 0.90 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.13)), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (aOR per mmol/L increase 0.90 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.15)) and coronary artery calcium score (aOR per 10 units increase 1.00 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.01)).ConclusionsIn a large population-based sample from the general population, several cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19.
Age-standardised incidence rate and epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arhin Nina , Ssentongo Paddy , Taylor Morris , Olecki Elizabeth Josephine , Pameijer Colette , Shen Chan , Oh John , Eng Cathy 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths globally, with low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately affected. Estimates of CRC rates in LMIC are scarce. We aimed to (1) estimate sex-specific incidence of CRC, (2) estimate temporal trend and (3) determine regional variations of CRC rates on the African continent.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysisMethodsPubMed (MEDLINE), OVID (MEDLINE), Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from inception to 12 December 2020. We included population-based studies that reported the incidence or prevalence estimates of CRC in Africa. Studies not conducted in humans or did not directly report the rates of CRC were excluded. Random effects model was used to pool the estimates. The methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Outcome measuresOverall and sex-specific annual age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of CRC per 100 000 population.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 14 studies consisting of 3365 individuals with CRC (mean age, 58 years, 53% male). The overall ASIR of CRC in Africa per 100 000 population was 5.25 (95% CI 4.08 to 6.75). The rates were slightly higher in males (4.76) than in females (4.18), but not significantly different. Subgroup analysis indicated greater point estimates in North Africa (8.66) compared with sub-Saharan Africa (5.91); and higher estimates in Eastern (8.29) and Northern (8.66) Africa compared with Western (3.55) and Southern (3.57) Africa, but not statistically significant. The overall trend in ASIR has remained constant at nearly 5 per 100 000 population for the last 6 decades.ConclusionCRC estimates in Africa are heterogeneous and could be underestimated. High-quality data collection systems such as population-based cancer registries may facilitate accurate estimation of country-specific rates and provide critical information which would be lucrative to the consideration of resources needed for screening, early detection, treatment and improving overall patient outcomes.
Association of cultural origin and migration status with work-related mental health of migrants and refugees in Europe: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Herold Regina , Wuchenauer Frederik , Kandler Anja , Morawa Eva , Unverzagt Susanne , Voss Amanda , Erim Yesim 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionMigrants make up a significant proportion of the European working population. Previous studies have already shown that migrants and refugees often suffer from poor work-related conditions in the host country, which might have an impact on mental health. Thus, the main objective of this systematic review is to analyse and summarise existing research on work-related conditions of migrants and refugees in Europe and to investigate the relationship of these conditions with their mental health.Methods and analysisThree electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL) will be systematically searched for eligible articles using quantitative study designs (randomised controlled trials, cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies with and without control groups) written in English, German, French, Italian, Polish, Spanish or Turkish and published from 1st January 2016 onwards. The primary health outcomes will be diagnosed psychiatric and psychological disorders, suicide and suicide attempts, psychiatric and psychological symptoms, and perceived distress. The secondary health outcomes will be more general concepts of mental health such as well-being, life satisfaction and quality of life. Outcome measures must have been assessed by validated questionnaires. Screening of all articles, reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews as well as data extraction will be performed independently by two review authors. Methodological quality of primary studies will be assessed and discussed. The results of the primary studies will be summarised descriptively. Migrants and natives, migrants and refugees, migrants of different cultural backgrounds and migrants living in different host countries will be compared in terms of the association between their work-related conditions and their mental health.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review is excluded from ethical approval because it will use previously approved published data from primary studies. The results of this review will be submitted to a related peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021244840.
Elucidating symptoms of COVID-19 illness in the Arizona CoVHORT: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Khan Sana M , Farland Leslie V , Catalfamo Collin J , Austhof Erika , Bell Melanie L , Chen Zhao , Cordova-Marks Felina , Ernst Kacey C , Garcia-Filion Pamela , Heslin Kelly M , Hoskinson Joshua , Jehn Megan L , Joseph Emily C S , Kelley Connor P , Klimentidis Yann , Russo Carroll Stephanie , Kohler Lindsay N , Pogreba-Brown Kristen , Jacobs Elizabeth T 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo elucidate the symptoms of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases as compared with laboratory-confirmed negative individuals and to the untested general population among all participants who reported symptoms within a large prospective cohort study.Setting and designThis work was conducted within the framework of the Arizona CoVHORT, a longitudinal prospective cohort study conducted among Arizona residents.ParticipantsEligible participants were any individual living in Arizona and were recruited from across Arizona via COVID-19 case investigations, participation in testing studies and a postcard mailing effort.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was a comparison of the type and frequency of symptoms between COVID-19-positive cases, tested but negative individuals and the general untested population who reported experiencing symptoms consistent with COVID-19.ResultsOf the 1335 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, 180 (13.5%) reported having no symptoms. Of those that did report symptoms, the most commonly reported were fatigue (82.2%), headache (74.6%), aches, pains or sore muscles (66.3%), loss of taste or smell (62.8) and cough (61.9%). In adjusted logistic regression models, COVID-19-positive participants were more likely than negative participants to experience loss of taste and smell (OR 12.1; 95% CI 9.6 to 15.2), bone or nerve pain (OR 3.0; 95% CI 2.2 to 4.1), headache (OR 2.6; 95% CI 2.2 to 3.2), nausea (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.9 to 3.1) or diarrhoea (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7 to 2.6). Fatigue (82.9) and headache (74.9) had the highest sensitivities among symptoms, while loss of taste or smell (87.2) and bone or nerve pain (92.9) had the high specificities among significant symptoms associated with COVID-19.ConclusionWhen comparing confirmed COVID-19 cases with either confirmed negative or untested participants, the pattern of symptoms that discriminates SARS-CoV-2 infection from those arising from other potential circulating pathogens may differ from general reports of symptoms among cases alone.
Psychometric properties of disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments for food allergy and food intolerance: protocol for a COSMIN-based systematic review
Authors: Chen Qirong , Li Zeen , Castro Aimee , Tang Siyuan , Chen Jiarui , Huang Chongmei , Xiao Jinnan , Liu Haiyan , Ding Jinfeng 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionFood allergies and food intolerances can bring burdens on patients and their caregivers and reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL). An increasing number of disease-specific HRQoL instruments for food allergies and food intolerances has been developed, and some of them have been adapted for different cultures and languages. This report describes a protocol for a systematic review of the psychometric properties of these instruments. The aims of this systematic review are to: (1) formulate recommendations for the usage of existing validated disease-specific HRQoL instruments for patients with food allergies and/or food intolerances and their caregivers; and (2) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research relating to these instruments.Methods and analysisThis protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2015 checklist. The future review will follow the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and PRISMA 2020 statement guideline. Six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and ProQuest -Health & Medical Collection) will be searched to retrieve studies focusing on the development and psychometric properties of disease-specific HRQoL instruments for patients with food allergies and/or food intolerances and their caregivers between 1 December 2021 and 31 December 2021. Two researchers will be responsible for literature screening, data extraction and literature evaluation, independently. Disagreements will be addressed by discussion or the involvement of a third researcher. The methodological quality of the included studies and the quality of the identified instruments will be assessed based on the COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of PROMs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable for this study. We will disseminate the findings through publication in peer-reviewed journals and/or academic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021252203.
How does overall hospital satisfaction relate to patient experience with nursing care? a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhang Yuxia , Qin Wei , Yu Zhenghong , Yu JingXian , Lin Ying , Li XiaoRong , Zheng Zheng , Wang Ying 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo determine how patient experience with nursing care influence patient satisfaction with overall hospital services.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingInpatients were consecutively recruited at the national hospital (with 2000 beds) in Shanghai, China.ParticipantsThe inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) hospitalised for 2 days or more; (2) able to read and understand Chinese; and (3) aged 18 years old or above. Patients with mental health problems were excluded. 756 patient surveys distributed among 36 wards were analysed. The mean age of participants in the study was 57.7 (SD=14.5) and ranged from 18 to 80 years. Most participants were men (61.5%) and ever married (94.6%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatient experience with nursing care, meaning the sum of all interactions between patients and nurses, was measured using the self-designed questionnaire, which was developed by patient interviews, literature analysis and expert consultation. The overall patient satisfaction question was measured with a 10-point response option ranging from 1 to 10.ResultsA linear relationship between the patient experience with nursing care and overall patient satisfaction was observed. The patient experience with nursing care was significantly associated with overall satisfaction in the crude model and in the adjusted models. Even after adjusting for six sociodemographic and three disease-related factors, the patient experience with nursing care explained 34.9% of the variation in overall patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThis study showed that patient experience with nursing care was an important predictor for overall patient satisfaction.
Preventive effects of betamethasone valerate ointment for radiation-induced severe oral mucositis in patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancer: protocol for a multicentre, phase II, randomised controlled trial (Bet-ROM study)
Authors: Soutome Sakiko , Otsuru Mitsunobu , Murata Maho , Kawashita Yumiko , Yoshimatsu Masako , Funahara Madoka , Yamamura Yoshiko , Hasegawa Takumi , Yamada Shin-ichi , Kojima Yuka , Nakahara Hirokazu , Shibuya Yasuyuki , Umeda Masahiro , Saito Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionThis is a randomised, multi-centre, open-label, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of betamethasone valerate ointment on radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concomitant radiotherapy with cisplatin or cetuximab.Methods and analysisThe trial will take place at seven hospitals in Japan. Patients will be randomised (1:1) into betamethasone and control groups after the occurrence of grade 1 oral mucositis. In the betamethasone group, patients will use betamethasone valerate ointment five times a day, in addition to usual oral hygiene guidance. The primary endpoint is the incidence and onset time of grade 3 oral mucositis. The secondary endpoints are the incidence and onset time of grade 2 oral mucositis, incidence and onset time of oral candidiasis, completion of radiation therapy and adverse events. Target accrual is 102 patients with a two-sided type I error rate of 5% and 80% power to detect an 80% risk reduction in the incidence of grade 3 oral mucositis.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Nagasaki University (No. CRB20-009). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated through scientific and professional conferences and peer-reviewed journal publication. The datasets generated during the study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Trial registration numberjRCTs071200013.
Investigation of the relation between risk assessment of exposure and nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission in healthcare workers: a prospective single-centre study
Authors: Kaya Kalem Ayse , Kayaaslan Bircan , Eser Fatma , Hasanoglu İmran , Ayhan Muge , Coskun Belgin , Guner Rahmet 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesHealthcare workers (HCWs) are among the risk groups for COVID-19. Determining transmission routes and risk levels during healthcare is of great importance in preventing nosocomial outbreaks. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of nosocomial transmission and factors affecting the transmission in HCW.MethodsHCWs admitted to the infectious diseases outpatient clinic due to contact with a COVID-19 patient and diagnosed with SARS-COV-2 by reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) between 20 March 2020 and 30 June 2020 were included in the study.ResultsA total of 822 HCWs with 295 low, 284 intermediate and 243 high-risk exposures were included in the study. 27.1% of the HCWs were male, and the median age was 31.9 years (20–62). 89.5% of these patients were directly in charge of patient care. Of the index cases contacted, 72.6% were HCW, and 27.4% were non-HCW patients. Most of the risky exposure (51.7%) occurred in nurses. The occurrence frequency of high-risk exposure was lower in those assigned to direct patient care when compared with the occurrence frequency of moderate-risk or low-risk exposures (76.5%, 94.7, 95.3, respectively p<0.001). In most high-risk exposures (220/253), the index cases were HCWs (p<0.001). Symptoms were detected in 311 of the HCWs (37.8%) during the follow-up. The median time to perform SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was 5.3 days (IQR) after the last risky exposure. In multivariate analysis, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity was 5.65 times higher in HCWs not directly involved in patient care than HCWs who are not involved in patient care (95% CI 2.437 to 13.111; p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study provides particularly useful information on post-exposure COVID-19 follow-up and management of working schedules and procedures of HCWs.
Quality improvement in a crisis: a qualitative study of experiences and lessons learned from the Irish National Ambulance Service response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Heffernan Eithne , Keegan Dylan , Clarke Bridget , Deasy Conor , O'Donnell Cathal , Crowley Philip , Hughes Angela , Murphy Andrew W , Masterson Siobhán 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has produced radical changes in international health services. In Ireland, the National Ambulance Service established a novel home and community testing service that was central to the national COVID-19 screening programme. This service was overseen by a multidisciplinary response room. This research examined the response room service, particularly areas that performed well and areas requiring improvement, using a quality improvement (QI) framework.DesignThis was a qualitative study comprising semi-structured, individual interviews. Maximum variation sampling was used. The data were analysed using an established thematic analysis procedure. The analysis was guided by the framework, which comprised six QI drivers.SettingResponse room employees, including clinicians, dispatchers and administrators, were interviewed via telephone.ResultsLeadership for quality: participants valued person-oriented leadership, including regular, open communication and consultation with staff. Person/family engagement: participants endeavoured to provide patient-centred care. Formal patient feedback mechanisms and shared decision-making could be beneficial in the future. Staff engagement: working in a response room could affect well-being, though it also provided networking and learning opportunities. Staff require support and teambuilding. Use of improvement methods: improvements were made in a relatively informal, ad hoc manner. The use of robust methods based on improvement science was not reported. Measurement for quality: data were collected to improve efficiency and accuracy. More rigorous measurement would be beneficial, especially formally collecting stakeholder feedback. Governance for quality: close alignment with collaborators and clear communication with staff are essential. Information and communications technology for quality: this seventh driver was added because the importance of information technology specially designed for pandemics was frequently highlighted.ConclusionsThe study provides insights on what worked well and what required improvement in a pandemic response room. It can inform health services, particularly emergency services, in their preparation for additional COVID-19 waves, as well as future crises.
Haemodynamic differences between two generations of a balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve
Authors: Wilde Nihal , Rogmann Marc , Mauri Victor , Piayda Kerstin , Schmitz Marie-Therese , Al-Kassou Baravan , Shamekhi Jasmin , Maier Oliver , Sugiura Atsushi , Weber Marcel , Zimmer Sebastian , Zeus Tobias , Kelm Malte , Adam Matti , Baldus Stephan , Nickenig Georg , Veulemans Verena , Sedaghat Alexander 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate early haemodynamic and clinical performance of the SAPIEN 3 Ultra (S3 Ultra) transcatheter heart valve (THV) system in comparison to its precursor, the SAPIEN 3 (S3). Previous studies have indicated potential haemodynamic differences between the S3 Ultra and S3. Such differences may impact clinical outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).MethodsPostprocedural haemodynamic performance and 30-day clinical outcome were compared in patients who underwent TAVI receiving either the S3 or the new S3 Ultra prostheses. Multivariable analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to identify factors associated with higher mean transvalvular gradients.ResultsWe included 697 patients (S3 Ultra: n=314, S3: n=383) from the multicentre RhineHeart TAVI Registry. Patients receiving the S3 Ultra prosthesis showed significantly higher postprocedural mean transvalvular gradients (14.2±4.8 vs 10.2±4.4 mm Hg; p<0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analyses and additional PSM revealed the use of the S3 Ultra to be associated with higher postprocedural mean transvalvular gradients (p<0.01). 30-day clinical outcomes, such as mortality, myocardial infarction, permanent pacemaker implantation and vascular complications were comparable between the groups.ConclusionsThe new S3 Ultra THV was associated with a higher postprocedural mean transvalvular gradient compared with the S3 system, while there was no difference in mortality or adverse clinical outcomes at 30 days. These echocardiographic differences will require long-term studies to assess the clinical relevance of this finding.