bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Channel Size on Air-Cooling Performance in Interior Permanent Magnet Motor Driving Aviation Fans at High Altitude
Authors: Ito Yu , Watanabe Toshinori , Seki Naoki , Hirakawa Karin , Inoue Tomoya , Himeno Takehiro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To enhance worldwide environmental conditions, the air transport industry must drastically reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Electrification of aircraft propulsion systems is one way to meet this demand. In particular, the focus is on obtaining single-aisle aircraft with partial turbo-electric propulsion and approximately 150 passenger seats by the 2030s. To develop a single-aisle aircraft with partial turbo-electric propulsion, an air-cooled interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with an output of 2 MW is desired. One of the most difficult problems in air cooling is that air-cooling performance decreases with increasing altitude because the air density decreases. To investigate the effect of altitude on air-cooling performance in the IPM motor, the authors formulated mathematical system equations to describe heat transfer inside the target air-cooled IPM motor, and mathematical analytical solutions were obtained. The most severe condition is the top-of-climb condition. For this condition, a designer should choose cooling air mass flow rates that keep the temperature of the permanent magnets below the maximum temperature limit of 100 °C and the temperature of the coils below the maximum temperature limit of 250 °C. Here, the sizes of the air-cooling channels strongly affect air cooling with the IPM motor. In this paper, the authors briefly review the mathematical formulations and their solutions, investigate the effect of channel size on air-cooling performance in an IPM motor, and explore the optimum configuration and settings for the air cooling channels.
Estimating Radiation Scattering Around Plasmonic Nanowires Using Engineered Geometric Features
Authors: Kaya Mine , Hajimirza Shima 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study offers an analytical estimation model for radiative scattering at nanoscale. The study focuses on isolated nanowires of arbitrary shape cross sections and uses predictive geometric features and statistical regression to model the wavelength-dependent light-particle interaction. This work proposes to estimate the radiative properties of nanowires based on engineered geometric features, potentially leading to new understandings of how the geometric attributes impact light scattering at nanoscale. A predictive model is designed and tested for estimating radiative scattering around nanowires. Random polygon-shaped cross sections with high degrees-of-freedom are chosen to train and test the models. The derived model can successfully explain scattering across out-sample synthetic plasmonic objects with a 90% R-squared metric.
Associations Between Perceived Social Support, Perceived Competence, and Physical Activity in Hong Kong Children With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Ming Hui , Yu Jane Jie , Wong Stephen Heung Sang , Sum Raymond Kim Wai , Sit Cindy Hui Ping 
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to examine the associations between perceived social support, perceived competence, and physical activity in children with physical and intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the third wave of the pandemic in Hong Kong (i.e., July through December 2020), 291 participants age 6–17 years from 27 special schools were included. After controlling for demographic variables, the total variance explained by perceived social support and perceived competence was 24%, F(2, 240) = 12.42, p < .001, with perceived competence having a stronger association with physical activity (β = 0.29, p < .001) than perceived social support (β = 0.07, p = .22). This study highlights two key facilitators for shaping physical activity involvement among children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Influence of Age and Dynamic Balance on Functional Movement Among Active-Duty Police Officers
Authors: Renner Madison N. , Gnacinski Stacy L. , Porter Franchesca J. , Cornell David J. 
Published: October 2022

Context: Although occupational injuries for police officers cannot be prevented, factors that contribute to musculoskeletal injury risk could be better identified to inform preventative interventions. Previous research has supported screening tools such as the functional movement screen (FMS) and Y-Balance Test (YBT) as possible indicators of musculoskeletal injury risk. The purposes of this study are to (1) examine the relationships between age, dynamic balance, and functional movement in police officers and (2) determine how much variance in functional movement is predicted by age and dynamic balance. Methods: This study was conducted in a university research laboratory as part of an ongoing collaboration with a local police department. All data for the current study were collected across 2 separate laboratory visits within a 14-day period. Participants: Thirty-five active-duty police officers (31 men and 4 women; mean [SD], age 33.4 [9.4] y, height 177.4 [8.0] cm, body mass 88.4 [15.3] kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Functional movement was assessed using the FMS, and FMS overall scores were calculated. Dynamic balance was assessed via the YBT, and lower quarter Y-Balance Test scores (LQYBT%) were calculated. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between FMS overall score and age (r = −.641, P < .001). Correlations between FMS overall score and LQYBT% and between LQYBT% and age were not statistically significant. Age and LQYBT% scores significantly predicted FMS overall scores (F2,32 = 11.162, P < .001), accounting for 41.1% of the variance in FMS overall scores (R2 = .411) with age being the only significant predictor. Conclusions: This study confirms that age and FMS overall score have a strong, negative relationship, suggesting that age may be a contributing factor to movement quality and may lead to an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury within this unique population.
Optimization Reduces Knee-Joint Forces During Walking and Squatting: Validating the Inverse Dynamics Approach for Full Body Movements on Instrumented Knee Prostheses
Authors: Wagner Heiko , Boström Kim Joris , de Lussanet Marc H.E. , de Graaf Myriam L. , Puta Christian , Mochizuki Luis 
Published: October 2022

Because of the redundancy of our motor system, movements can be performed in many ways. While multiple motor control strategies can all lead to the desired behavior, they result in different joint and muscle forces. This creates opportunities to explore this redundancy, for example, for pain avoidance or reducing the risk of further injury. To assess the effect of different motor control optimization strategies, a direct measurement of muscle and joint forces is desirable, but problematic for medical and ethical reasons. Computational modeling might provide a solution by calculating approximations of these forces. In this study, we used a full-body computational musculoskeletal model to (a) predict forces measured in knee prostheses during walking and squatting and (b) study the effect of different motor control strategies (i.e., minimizing joint force vs. muscle activation) on the joint load and prediction error. We found that musculoskeletal models can accurately predict knee joint forces with a root mean squared error of <0.5 body weight (BW) in the superior direction and about 0.1 BW in the medial and anterior directions. Generally, minimization of joint forces produced the best predictions. Furthermore, minimizing muscle activation resulted in maximum knee forces of about 4 BW for walking and 2.5 BW for squatting. Minimizing joint forces resulted in maximum knee forces of 2.25 BW and 2.12 BW, that is, a reduction of 44% and 15%, respectively. Thus, changing the muscular coordination strategy can strongly affect knee joint forces. Patients with a knee prosthesis may adapt their neuromuscular activation to reduce joint forces during locomotion.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage from pancreatoduodenal artery (PDA) rupture and associated complications
Authors: Tan Edmund Wooi Keat , Shelat Vishal G , Monteiro Amelia Yuting , Low Jee Keem 
Published: October 2022

Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage (SRH) is rare. It may present with abdominal or back pain with or without haemodynamic instability. Aggressive resuscitation while investigating the cause of bleeding and providing haemostasis are the standard of care. Subsequent close monitoring is necessary to identify early complications.This study reports three patients who presented to our institution within the last 5 years with SRH from a ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) aneurysm. Each patient had a unique presentation, complications and treatment demonstrating the variability and complexity of SRH. One patient presented with sudden abdominal pain and hypovolaemic shock, underwent angioembolisation and had an eventful recovery. Another patient presented similarly and was treated via angioembolisation but experienced gastric outlet obstruction and obstructive jaundice requiring surgical haematoma evacuation. Another patient had an incidental finding of haemoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy that was subsequently diagnosed as SRH resulting from a PDA aneurysm rupture secondary to medial arcuate ligament syndrome.
Evaluating implementation of Diabetes Self-Management Education in Maryland County, Liberia: protocol for a pilot prospective cohort study
Authors: Trujillo Celina , Ferrari Gina , Ngoga Gedeon , McLaughlin Amy , Davies Joe , Tucker Anthony , Randolph Cyrus , Cook Rebecca , Park Paul H , Bukhman Gene , Adler Alma J , Pierre Jacquelin 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionAchieving glycaemic targets for people living with diabetes (PLWD) is challenging, especially in settings with limited resources. Programmes need to address gaps in knowledge, skills and self-management. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) is an evidence-based intervention to educate and empower PLWD to improve self-management activities. This protocol describes a pilot study assessing the feasibility, acceptability and effect on clinical outcomes of implementing DSME in clinics caring for people living with insulin-dependent diabetes in Liberia.Methods and analysisOur protocol is a three-phased, mixed-methods, quasi-experimental prospective cohort study. Phase 1 focuses on (a) establishing a Patient Advisory Board and (b) training providers in DSME who provide care for PLWD. In phase 2, clinicians will implement DSME. In phase 3, we will train additional providers who interact with PLWD.We will assess whether this DSME programme can lead to increased provider knowledge of DSME, improvements in diabetes self-management behaviours, glycaemic control, diabetes knowledge and psychosocial well-being, and a reduction in severe adverse events. Primary outcomes of interest are implementation outcomes and change in frequency of self-management behaviours by patients. Secondary outcomes include change in haemoglobin A1c, psychosocial well-being, severe adverse events and change in provider knowledge of DSME.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the University of Liberia Institutional Review Board (IRB) and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital IRB. Findings from the study will be shared with local and national clinical and programmatic stakeholders and published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal.
Supporting self-management in women with pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy: a protocol for a mixed-methods sequential comparative case study
Authors: Sushko Katelyn , Sherifali Diana , Nerenberg Kara , Strachan Patricia H , Butt Michelle 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionFor women with pre-existing type 1 and type 2 diabetes, glycaemic targets are narrow during the preconception and prenatal periods to optimise pregnancy outcomes. Women aim to achieve glycaemic targets during pregnancy through the daily tasks of diabetes self-management. Diabetes self-management during pregnancy involves frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose and titration of insulin based on glucose measures and carbohydrate intake. Our objective is to explore how self-management and support experiences help explain glycaemic control among women with pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a four-phased mixed-methods sequential comparative case study. Phase I will analyse the data from a prospective cohort study to determine the predictors of glycaemic control during pregnancy related to diabetes self-management among women with pre-existing diabetes. In phase II, we will use the results of the cohort analysis to develop data collection tools for phase III. Phase III will be a qualitative description study to understand women’s diabetes education and support needs during pregnancy. In phase IV, we will integrate the results of phases I and III to generate unique cases representing the ways in which self-management and support experiences explain glycaemic control in pregnancy.Ethics and disseminationThe phase I cohort study received approval from our local ethics review board, the Hamilton Integrated Ethics Review Board. We will seek ethics approval for the phase III qualitative study prior to its commencement. Participants will provide informed consent before study enrolment. We plan to publish our results in peer-reviewed journals and present our findings to stakeholders at relevant conferences/symposia.
High doses of enteral docosahexaenoic acid omega-3 supplementation for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marc Isabelle , Boutin Amélie , Pronovost Etienne , Guillot Mireille , Bergeron Frédéric , Moore Lynne , Makrides Maria 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in the neonatal period has been proposed to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm infants. We aim to determine the effects of an enteral supplementation with high doses of DHA on the risk for BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) in very preterm infants born less than 29 weeks’ gestation compared with a control.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, MedRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov (up to 1 November 2021) as well as reference lists and citations of included articles and previous reviews. RCTs targeting infants born less than 29 weeks’ gestation and evaluating the effect of high doses of DHA enteral supplementation in the neonatal period compared with a control will be eligible. Primary outcome will be BPD defined as the need for oxygen and/or ventilation at 36 weeks’ PMA. Two authors will independently screen for inclusion, extract data and assess data quality using the Cochrane instrument (risk-of-bias tool 2.0). We will perform meta-analysis using random effects models. Prespecified subgroup analyses are planned for the infant gestational age and sex, the marine source of DHA, mode of administration and duration of exposure. Sensitivity analysis will be performed according to the accuracy of the BPD definition (ie, physiological definition) and according to the risk of bias of the RCTs.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis does not require ethics approval, as no primary data are collected. This study will assess the effectiveness of high doses of enteral DHA supplementation on BPD and provide evidence to clinicians and families for decision-making. Findings will be disseminated through conferences, media interviews and publications to peer review journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021286705.
Immunosuppressive lncRNA LINC00624 promotes tumor progression and therapy resistance through ADAR1 stabilization
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xiu Bingqiu , Zhang Liyi , Chen Ming , Chi Weiru , Li Lun , Guo Rong , Xue Jingyan , Yang Benlong , Huang Xiaoyan , Shao Zhi-Ming , Huang Shenglin , Chi Yayun , Wu Jiong 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundDespite the success of HER2-targeted therapy in achieving prolonged survival in approximately 50% of treated individuals, treatment resistance is still an important challenge for HER2+ breast cancer (BC) patients. The influence of both adaptive and innate immune responses on the therapeutic outcomes of HER2+BC patients has been extensively demonstrated.MethodsLong non-coding RNAs expressed in non-pathological complete response (pCR) HER2 positive BC were screened and validated by RNA-seq. Survival analysis were made by Kaplan-Meier method. Cell death assay and proliferation assay were performed to confirm the phenotype of LINC00624. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to assay the IFN response. Xenograft mouse model were used for in vivo confirmation of anti-neu treatment resistance. RNA pull-down and immunoblot were used to confirm the interaction of ADAR1 and LINC00624. ADAR1 recombinant protein were purified from baculovirus expression system. B16-OVA cells were used to study antigen presentation both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to determine the tumor infiltrated immune cells of xenograft model. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were used for in vivo treatment.ResultsIn this study, we found that LINC00624 blocked the antitumor effect of HER2- targeted therapy both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN) pathway activation. The double-stranded RNA-like structure of LINC00624 can bind and be edited by the adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA-editing enzyme adenosine deaminase RNA specific 1 (ADAR1), and this editing has been shown to release the growth inhibition and attenuate the innate immune response caused by the IFN response. Notably, LINC00624 promoted the stabilization of ADAR1 by inhibiting its ubiquitination-induced degradation triggered by β-TrCP. In contrast, LINC00624 inhibited major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation and limited CD8+T cell infiltration in the cancer microenvironment, resulting in immune checkpoint blockade inhibition and anti-HER2 treatment resistance mediated through ADAR1.ConclusionsIn summary, these results suggest that LINC00624 is a cancer immunosuppressive lncRNA and targeting LINC00624 through ASOs in tumors expressing high levels of LINC00624 has great therapeutic potential in future clinical applications.
Increased all-cause mortality following occupational injury: a comparison of two states
Authors: Boden Leslie I , Asfaw Abay , Busey Andrew , Tripodis Yorghos , O'Leary Paul K , Applebaum Katie M , Stokes Andrew C , Fox Matthew P 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesTo measure the impact of lost-time occupational injuries on all-cause mortality in Washington State and, using the same data elements and study design, to determine whether the estimated impact was similar to previous estimates for New Mexico.MethodsWe linked injuries in the Washington workers’ compensation system with Social Security Administration data on earnings and mortality. We estimated Cox survival models of mortality for women and men with lost-time compared with medical-only injuries, adjusting for age, pre-injury earnings and industry. We used quantitative bias analysis to account for confounding by pre-injury smoking and obesity.ResultsThe estimated mortality HR was 1.24 for women (95% CI 1.21 to 1.28) and 1.22 for men (95% CI 1.20 to 1.24). After adjusting for unmeasured pre-injury smoking and obesity, the estimated HR for women was 1.10, 95% simulation interval (SI) 1.00 to 1.21; for men, it was 1.15, 95% SI 1.04 to 1.27.ConclusionsAll-cause mortality for Washington workers with lost-time injuries was higher than for those with medical-only injuries. Estimated HRs for Washington were consistent with those previously estimated for New Mexico, a less populous state with lower median wages and a different workers’ compensation insurance mechanism. This suggests that the relationship between workplace injury and long-term mortality may be generalisable to other US states. These findings support greater efforts to enhance safety and to investigate factors that improve postinjury employment opportunities and long-term health. This association should be examined in additional locations, with different study conditions, or using additional data on pre-injury risk factors.
Benefits of support groups for patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sanders Katie H , Chousou Panagiota Anna , Carver Kathryn , Pugh Peter J , Degens Hans , Azzawi May 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPatients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) experience anxiety, depression and reduced quality of life (QoL).ObjectivesThis mixed-methods systematic review evaluates whether ICD support groups have a beneficial effect on mental well-being.MethodsLiterature searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Eligible studies investigated patient-led support groups for ICD patients aged 18 years or older, using any quantitative or qualitative design. The Mixed-Methods Assessment Tool was used to assess quality. Meta-analysis of measures of mental well-being was conducted. Thematic synthesis was used to generate analytic themes from the qualitative data. The data were integrated and presented using the Pillar Integration Process.ResultsTen studies were included in this review. All studies bar one were non-randomised or had a qualitative design and patients had self-selected to attend a support group. Five contributed to the quantitative data synthesis and seven to the qualitative synthesis. Meta-analysis of anxiety and QoL measures showed no significant impact of support groups on mental well-being, but qualitative data showed that patients perceived benefit from attendance through sharing experiences and acceptance of life with an ICD.DiscussionICD support group attendance improved the patients’ perceived well-being. Attendees value the opportunity to share their experiences which helps to accept their new life with an ICD. Future research could consider outcomes such as patient acceptance and the role of healthcare professionals at support groups.
The shear viscosity of parton matter under anisotropic scatterings
Authors: MacKay Noah M. , Lin Zi-Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe shear viscosity $$\eta $$
η
of a quark–gluon plasma in equilibrium can be calculated analytically using multiple methods or numerically using the Green–Kubo relation. It has been realized, which we confirm here, that the Chapman–Enskog method agrees well with the Green–Kubo result for both isotropic and anisotropic two-body scatterings. We then apply the Chapman–Enskog method to study the shear viscosity of the parton matter from a multi-phase transport model. In particular, we study the parton matter in the center cell of central and midcentral Au + Au collisions at 200A GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at 2760A GeV, which is assumed to be a plasma in thermal equilibrium but partial chemical equilibrium. As a result of using a constant Debye mass or cross section $$\sigma $$
σ
for parton scatterings, the $$\eta /s$$

η
/
s

ratio increases with time (as the effective temperature decreases), contrary to the trend preferred by Bayesian analysis of the experimental data or pQCD results that use temperature-dependent Debye masses. At $$\sigma =3$$

σ
=
3

mb that enables the transport model to approximately reproduce the elliptic flow data of the bulk matter, the average $$\eta /s$$

η
/
s

of the parton matter in partial equilibrium is found to be very small, between one to two times $$1/(4\pi )$$

1
/
(
4
π
)

.