bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Entropy-Based Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Analgesic and Hypnotic Effects of Equipotent Doses of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane in Patients Presenting for Spine Surgeries
Authors: Ajayan Neeraja , Christudas Jayakumar , Morris Linette , Hrishi Ajay Prasad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of anesthetic agents has been considered a suitable measure of the potency of inhalational anesthetics. Furthermore, it is assumed that equi-MAC concentrations of different anesthetic agents have a similar potency in suppressing responses to painful stimuli. Isoflurane and sevoflurane are two commonly used volatile anesthetic agents in spine surgeries. Therefore, these agents' hypnotic and analgesic potencies should be distinguished and comprehended for the optimal administration of anesthesia. Consequently, we undertook this study to compare the analgesic and hypnotic potencies between these agents at equi-MAC concentrations, using the entropy monitor.
Materials and Methods Forty patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either isoflurane (n = 20) or sevoflurane (n = 20). After induction, maintenance of anesthesia was done with age-corrected 1.0 MAC of either isoflurane or sevoflurane. A standardized noxious stimulus was provided to all the patients after achieving a steady state of 1.0 MAC. The state entropy (SE), response entropy (RE), and RE–SE were recorded at baseline, prestimulus, and poststimulus time points in both groups.
Statistical Analyses Data are presented as frequency and percentages for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. The comparison of categorical variables between the two groups was made using the Fisher's exact test, and the Student's t-test was used for continuous variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results At age-corrected 1.0 MAC, there was no significant difference in the SE, RE, and RE–SE in both the groups at any time point.
Conclusion Our study shows that during a steady state of age-corrected 1.0 MAC single-agent anesthesia, sevoflurane and isoflurane have comparable analgesic and hypnotic potencies as measured by entropy indices when a standardized nociceptive stimulus is provided.
Proximal Trapezoidectomy and Scaphotrapezoid Joint Tendon Interposition at the Time of Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition for Pan Trapezial Osteoarthritis Does Not Increase Proximal Carpal Row Malalignment
Authors: Ross Mark , Gilpin David , James Christopher , Peters Susan E. , Benson Richard , Couzens Greg , Gilpin Bradley , Curran Matthew W.T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Surgical options for osteoarthritis (OA) of the first carpometacarpal include excision, replacement arthroplasty, and arthrodesis. However, in pan trapezial OA, optimal management of residual scaphotrapezoidal articulation has remained unclear.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether removing the proximal trapezoid from the scaphotrapezoid joint (STJ) and interposing tendon when performing a ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) for pan trapezial arthritis resulted in any clinical or radiographic compromise compared with LRTI alone in isolated carpometacarpal joint arthritis.
Methods In a prospective consecutive cohort, 122 thumbs were selected to generate two matched cohorts and a cross-sectional review was completed at an average of 24 months (range: 5–203 months). Fifty-six thumbs had LRTI alone and 66 thumbs also had resection of the proximal portion of the trapezoid with tendon interposition in the residual gap.
Results The cohorts showed no significant differences in subjective and objective outcome measures and imaging. Excision of the STJ was not associated with poorer clinical outcomes or the development of a dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity.
Conclusions The management of pan trapezial arthritis with LRTI and proximal trapezoid excision and STJ interposition appears satisfactory on short- to medium-term clinical and radiographic follow-up.
Level of Evidence: This is a Level III, consecutive cross-sectional cohort study.
Lie symmetries, invariant solutions and phenomena dynamics of Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system
Authors: Tanwar Dig Vijay , Kumar Mukesh , Tiwari Atul Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The present work deals with highly nonlinear dispersive water equation named Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli (BLP) system, which is a well known two dimensional generalization of sinh-Gordon equation. The BLP system describes interaction of horizontal wave component propagating in

x
−
y

plane in infinite narrow channel with constant depth. The Lie symmetry method is employed to derive infinitesimal generators under invariance conditions of one-parameter transformations. The invariance conditions ensure the reducibility of independent variables and preserve the characteristics of system. The commutative relations of infinitesimal vectors show infinite dimensional algebra of symmetries. Thereafter, similarity variables are derived using infinitesimal generators, which lead to first symmetry reductions. Thus, a repeated process of symmetry reductions provide equivalent system of ODEs. These ODEs are integrated and thus some invariant solutions of BLP system are constructed under parametric constraints. The derived solutions are general than previous researches [J Q Yu et al 2010 Exact solutions and conservation laws of (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli equation, Appl. Math. Comput.
216 2293–2300; M Kumar, R Kumar, 2014 On new similarity solutions of the boiti–leon–pempinelli system, Commun. Theor. Phys.
61 121–126; M Kumar et al 2015 Some more similarity solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional BLP system, Comput. Math. Appl. 70 212–221; J Fei et al 2015 Symmetry reduction and explicit solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional boiti–leon–pempinelli system, Appl. Math. Comput. 268 432–438; M Kumar et al 2021 Some more invariant solutions of (2 + 1)-water waves, Int. J. Appl. Comput. Math. 7 18] as they contain all four arbitrary functions

f

1

,

f

2

,

H

1

,

H

2

involved in infinitesimals and several free parameters as well. The deduction of previous results obtained by taking particular choices of arbitrary functions and constants, ensure novelty and importance of these solutions as well as the authenticity and effectiveness of Lie symmetry method. To demonstrate the distinct physical structures of phenomena, these solutions are expanded via numerical simulation. Thus, doubly soliton, line soliton, multi soliton, soliton fusion and fission nature have been analyzed. The graphical representations are seemed useful to understand the dynamics of BLP system and propagation of dispersive water waves in infinite narrow channel.
A unique gravitational wave signal from phase transition during inflation*
Authors: An Haipeng , Lyu Kun-Feng , Wang Lian-Tao , Zhou Siyi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the properties of gravitational wave (GW) signals produced by first-order phase transitions during the inflation era. We show that the power spectrum of a GW oscillates with its wave number. This signal can be observed directly by future terrestrial and spatial GW detectors and through the B-mode spectrum in the CMB. This oscillatory feature of the GW is generic for any approximately instantaneous sources occurring during inflation and is distinct from the GW from phase transitions after inflation. The details of the GW spectrum contain information about the scale of the phase transition and the later evolution of the universe.
Operational verification of reuse of returnable zinc alloy ZP0410 in the production of thick-walled castings
Authors: Gryc K , Socha L , Kubeš R , Sochacký V , Koza K , Trobl J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, more profound implementation of circular economy elements in individual production processes is ever more emphasized. In an effort to reduce ZL0410 primary raw material consumption to produce castings made of the ZP0410 alloy, GD Druckguss s.r.o. engaged in the development of a recycling technology for returnable materials based on ZP0410. A long-term series of test melts focused on monitoring of the pre-melting process was carried out from 2019 to 2021. Samples were taken regularly from individual technological nodes of thick-walled casting production. The samples of input materials such as the primary alloy ZL0410, returnable material ZP0410, and also solidified melted mass of ZP0410 and ZP0410 castings, were analysed using optical emission spectrometry in the Q4 TASMAN system to determine compliance with chemical composition according to ČSN EN 12844. The standard reference material SRM 630 was used in the developed measurement methodology for interim checks and for corrections of the system settings. It was demonstrated that the chosen ratio of raw material (ZL0410) and returnable material (ZP0410) of 2:1 (wt.) has no negative impact on compliance with chemical composition of castings made of the ZP0410 alloy according to ČSN EN 12844.
Implementation of the Esophagectomy Complication Consensus Group definitions: the benefits of speaking the same language
Authors: Muir Duncan , Antonowicz Stefan , Whiting Jack , Low Donald , Maynard Nick 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In 2015 the Esophagectomy Complication Consensus Group (ECCG) reported consensus definitions for complications after esophagectomy. This aimed to reduce variation in complication reporting, attributed to heterogeneous definitions. This systematic review aimed to describe the implementation of this definition set, including the effect on complication frequency and variation. A systematic literature review was performed, identifying all observational and randomized studies reporting complication frequencies after esophagectomy since the ECCG publication. Recruitment periods before and subsequent to the index ECCG publication date were included. Coefficients of variance were calculated to assess outcome heterogeneity. Of 144 studies which met inclusion criteria, 70 (48.6%) used ECCG definitions. The median number of separately reported complication types was five per study; only one study reported all ECCG complications. The coefficients of variance of the reported frequencies of eight of the 10 most common complications were reduced in studies which used the ECCG definitions compared with those that did not (P = 0.036). Among ECCG studies, the frequencies of postoperative pneumothorax, reintubation, and pulmonary emboli were significantly reduced in 2020–2021, compared with 2015–2019 (P = 0.006, 0.034, and 0.037 respectively). The ECCG definition set has reduced variation in esophagectomy morbidity reporting. This adds greater confidence to the observed gradual improvement in outcomes with time, and its ongoing use and wider dissemination should be encouraged. However, only a handful of outcomes are widely reported, and only rarely is it used in its entirety.
“A designer diet layout for astronauts using a microbiome mediated approach.”
Authors: Arora Smriti , Puri Samikshha , Bhambri Nitika 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Astronauts undergo space travel to bring scientific information to benefit humanity under various missions of space agencies such as NASA, European Space Agency, Indian Space Research Organization etc. During space missions, they encounter several stressors namely microgravity, fluid shifts, cosmic radiation, sleep deprivation and alteration in the circadian rhythm perturbing the quality of sleep. In addition, confined spaces makes pathogen interaction more likely if a pathobiont gets introduced into spacecraft. Microbiota is the first line оf resistаnсe tо vаriоus disorders and diseаses. It direсtly influenсes the biосhemiсаl, рhysiоlоgiсаl, аnd immunоlоgiсаl раthwаys. ‘Gut microbiota’ is essential for maintenance of healthy gut barrier functions. ‘Dysbiosis’ refers to perturbation of microbiota which is correlated with several metabolic and psychological disorders. Microbial metabolites are implicated in maintenance of human health. Investigations conducted on astronauts in international space missions and on analog terrestrial models have indicated a ‘dysbiosis’ of the gut microbiota associated with spaceflights. ‘Dysbiosis’ of the gut microbiome observed in astronauts has been implicated in immune dysregulation and a probiotic enriched diet is proposed to restore immune homeostasis. This article not just summarizes the state of art research on dysbiosis of the gut microbiome of astronauts, but also a diet mediated correction plan to restore their health especially during long term space missions. A characterization of microbial metabolites of the gut to enable administration of astronaut specific probiotic, postbiotic or synbiotic to alleviate space associated dysbiosis is proposed. It is also recommended that astronauts maintain a balanced nutritious diet throughout life to promote a resilient microbiota that is not perturbed by space missions. Further, a bioregenerative life support system wherein a probiotic may be produced in space station is proposed.
Staphylococcus aureuscell wall maintenance – the multifaceted roles of peptidoglycan hydrolases in bacterial growth, fitness, and virulence
Authors: Wang Min , Buist Girbe , van Dijl Jan Maarten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is an important human and livestock pathogen that is well-protected against environmental insults by a thick cell wall. Accordingly, the wall is a major target of present-day antimicrobial therapy. Unfortunately, S. aureus has mastered the art of antimicrobial resistance, as underscored by the global spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The major cell wall component is peptidoglycan. Importantly, the peptidoglycan network is not only vital for cell wall function, but it also represents a bacterial Achilles’ heel. In particular, this network is continuously opened by no less than 18 different peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) encoded by the S. aureus core genome, which facilitate bacterial growth and division. This focuses attention on the specific functions executed by these enzymes, their subcellular localization, their control at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, their contributions to staphylococcal virulence and their overall importance in bacterial homeostasis. As highlighted in the present review, our understanding of the different aspects of PGH function in S. aureus has been substantially increased over recent years. This is important because it opens up new possibilities to exploit PGHs as innovative targets for next-generation antimicrobials, passive or active immunization strategies, or even to engineer them into effective antimicrobial agents.
Comparing heritability estimators under alternative structures of linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Min Alan , Thompson Elizabeth , Basu Saonli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism heritability of a trait is the proportion of its variance explained by the additive effects of the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. The existing approaches to estimate single nucleotide polymorphism heritability can be broadly classified into 2 categories. One set of approaches models the single nucleotide polymorphism effects as fixed effects and the other treats the single nucleotide polymorphism effects as random effects. These methods make certain assumptions about the dependency among individuals (familial relationship) as well as the dependency among markers (linkage disequilibrium) to provide consistent estimates of single nucleotide polymorphism heritability as the number of individuals increases. While various approaches have been proposed to account for such dependencies, it remains unclear which estimates reported in the literature are more robust against various model misspecifications. Here, we investigate the impact of different structures of linkage disequilibrium and familial relatedness on heritability estimation. We show that the performance of different methods for heritability estimation depends heavily on the structure of the underlying pattern of linkage disequilibrium and the degree of relatedness among sampled individuals. Moreover, we establish the equivalence between the 2 method-of-moments estimators, one using a fixed-single nucleotide polymorphism-effects approach, and another using a random-single nucleotide polymorphism-effects approach.
Web-Based Physical Activity Interventions Are Feasible and Beneficial Solutions to Prevent Physical and Mental Health Declines in Community-Dwelling Older Adults During Isolation Periods
Authors: Granet Jordan , Peyrusqué Eva , Ruiz Fabien , Buckinx Fanny , Abdelkader Lilia Ben , Dang-Vu Thien Thanh , Sirois Marie-José , Gouin Jean-Philippe , Pageaux Benjamin , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeriods of prolonged lockdown increase the risk of physical inactivity, which can contribute to physical decline among older adults. Online technology could be an innovative solution to promote physical activity (PA) habits in this context. The goal of this study was to examine and compare the acceptability, feasibility, and potential benefits of 2 modalities of web-based PA interventions in older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown.MethodsEighty-three nonphysically active community-dwelling older adults (aged 60 and older) were randomized to a 12-week web-based PA intervention delivered either in a live group (LG; n = 38) or a recorded group (RG; n = 45). Acceptability, feasibility as well as functional capacities, physical performance, quality of life, and PA level were assessed pre and postintervention.ResultsThere were fewer dropouts in the LG than RG (LG: 16% vs RG: 46%). However, adherence rate (LG: 89%; RG: 81%), level of satisfaction (LG: 77% vs RG: 64%), and enjoyment (LG: 68% vs RG: 62%) were similar across groups, even if the participants found the intervention slightly difficult (LG: 58% vs RG: 63%). Both groups significantly improved on functional capacities, physical performance, and quality of life. Only the LG showed significant improvements in perceived health and PA level. The LG showed greater improvements in physical performance and quality of life than the RG.ConclusionWeb-based PA interventions are feasible, acceptable, and beneficial for improving functional capacities and physical performance during periods of lockdown. However, the interactive web and live modalities appear to be more effective for promoting some of these outcomes than recorded and individual modalities.
Investigational PET tracers in neuro-oncology—What’s on the horizon? A report of the PET/RANO group
Authors: Galldiks Norbert , Langen Karl-Josef , Albert Nathalie L , Law Ian , Kim Michelle M , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Soffietti Riccardo , Wen Patrick Y , Weller Michael , Tonn Joerg C 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany studies in patients with brain tumors evaluating innovative PET tracers have been published in recent years, and the initial results are promising. Here, the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) PET working group provides an overview of the literature on novel investigational PET tracers for brain tumor patients. Furthermore, newer indications of more established PET tracers for the evaluation of glucose metabolism, amino acid transport, hypoxia, cell proliferation, and others are also discussed. Based on the preliminary findings, these novel investigational PET tracers should be further evaluated considering their promising potential. In particular, novel PET probes for imaging of translocator protein and somatostatin receptor overexpression as well as for immune system reactions appear to be of additional clinical value for tumor delineation and therapy monitoring. Progress in developing these radiotracers may contribute to improving brain tumor diagnostics and advancing clinical translational research.
An expanded core of trusteeship or non-derogable residual obligation? A critical evaluation of pro-beneficiary approaches towards anti-Bartlett clauses after Zhang Hong Li v DBS Bank [2019] HKCFA 45
Authors: Ming En Tor 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Anti-Bartlett clauses are commonly incorporated into trust deeds to enable settlors to freely exercise control and management over the trust company, while relieving trustees of any management or supervisory duties in that regard. These clauses are eminently sensible and should be given their literal effect insofar as they do not offend the irreducible core of trust duties. After the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal reaffirmed this contractarian position in Zhang Hong Li v DBS Bank (Hong Kong) Ltd [2019] HKCFA 45, experts and scholars have recently revived efforts to narrow the scope of anti-Bartlett clauses for beneficiary protection. Their suggestions include the introduction of a non-derogable residual duty and/or an expanded core of trust duties to supervise the trust company’s affairs even in light of the anti-Bartlett clauses. This article submits that there is limited scope for these proposed developments, chiefly because the scope of these suggested duties are incompatible with other trust law concepts and defined without sufficient certainty.
Accuracy of the Initial Rhythm to Predict a Short No-Flow Time in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Cournoyer Alexis , Cavayas Yiorgos Alexandros , Potter Brian , Lamarche Yoan , Segal Eli , de Montigny Luc , Albert Martin , Lessard Justine , Marquis Martin , Paquet Jean , Cossette Sylvie , Morris Judy , Castonguay Véronique , Chauny Jean-Marc , Daoust Raoul 
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The no-flow time (NFT) can help establish prognosis in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. It is often used as a selection criterion for extracorporeal resuscitation. In patients with an unwitnessed OHCA for whom the NFT is unknown, the initial rhythm has been proposed to identify those more likely to have had a short NFT. Our objective was to determine the predictive accuracy of an initial shockable rhythm for an NFT of 5 minutes or less (NFT ≤ 5).

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

SETTING:
Prehospital OHCA in eight U.S. and three Canadian sites.

PATIENTS:
A total of 28,139 adult patients with a witnessed nontraumatic OHCA were included, of whom 11,228 (39.9%) experienced an emergency medical service-witnessed OHCA (NFT = 0), 695 (2.7%) had a bystander-witnessed OHCA, and an NFT less than or equal to 5, and 16,216 (57.6%) with a bystander-witnessed OHCA and an NFT greater than 5.

INTERVENTIONS:
Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of an initial shockable rhythm to identify patients with an NFT less than or equal to 5 minutes.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The sensitivity of an initial shockable rhythm to identify patients with an NFT less than or equal to 5 was poor (25% [95% CI, 25–26]), but specificity was moderate (70% [95% CI, 69–71]). The positive and likelihood ratios were inverted (negative accuracy) (positive likelihood ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.74–0.79]; negative likelihood ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.10–1.12]). Including only patients with a bystander-witnessed OHCA improved the sensitivity to 48% (95% CI, 45–52), the positive likelihood ratio to 1.45 (95% CI, 1.33–1.58), and the negative likelihood ratio to 0.77 (95% CI, 0.72–0.83), while slightly lowering the specificity to 67% (95% CI, 66–67).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our analysis demonstrated that the presence of a shockable rhythm at the time of initial assessment was poorly sensitive and only moderately specific for OHCA patients with a short NFT. The initial rhythm, therefore, should not be used as a surrogate for NFT in clinical decision-making.