bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tungsten disulfide coated side‐polished fibre as polarisation state modulator in all‐optical system
Authors: Tiu Zian Cheak , Tan Sin Jin , Samion Muhamad Zharif , Ahmad Harith , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Tan Chee Leong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, all‐optical polarisation state modulation using a tungsten disulfide (WS2) coated side‐polished fibre (SPF) as modulator is experimentally demonstrated. A bulk layer WS2 is exfoliated into a few‐layer WS2 thin film using liquid phase exfoliation technique. The few‐layer WS2 film is then coated onto a SPF to serve as an optical polarisation state modulator based on the thermo‐optic effect. The rotation of the polarised signal light is controlled using a pump laser. Throughout the pump power range of 514.5 mW, the polarisation state of the polarised signal light has rotated ∼70°, with a minor ellipticity fluctuation of <6°. The proposed experiment is carried out on the basis of the photon‐modulate‐photon principle and achieved all‐optical modulation in a fibre laser system.
An integrated modelling and parameter design method for the RC snubber in novel cascode GaN‐based bridge convertors
Authors: Luo Bin , Luo Guangzhao , Li Sihai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe utilization of novel cascode GaN devices can significantly increase the power density and the efficiency of convertors. However, owing to high switching speed (high dv/dt or di/dt) and inevitable parasitic inductance in device packages and external circuits, cascode GaN devices are more prone to oscillate, resulting in voltage overshoot, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and even device breakdown, which reduces the reliability of the drive system. Therefore, effective suppression of the switching oscillation becomes highly critical. This paper presents an integrated modelling and a parameter design method for cascode GaN‐based bridge convertors. Firstly, a high‐frequency equivalent circuit model is derived for the switching oscillation of cascode GaN‐based bridge convertors. Secondly, a quantitative RC snubber parameter design method is established based on root locus analysis, which makes up for defects of the previous trial‐and‐error empirical method. Then impacts of the RC snubber on power loss and EMI are also studied, with the optimal snubber resistance and capacitance obtained by minimizing power loss. Finally, the effect of oscillation suppression is verified by simulation and experiment, and results show good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
EirGrid's met mast and alternatives study
Authors: Möhrlen Corinna , Ó Foghlú Diarmuid , Power Séamus , Nolan Gill , Conway Kenneth , Lambert Eric , Ging John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe current grid code in Ireland requires wind farms to deliver meteorological data to the two transmission system operators. The importance of accurate on‐site measured wind speed signals increases as a function of the installed wind capacity. Since wind farms have been installed with varying technologies over the past 20 years, the system does not have a single point of failure. The lack of uniformity has been found to be both a handling challenge and reliability strength. In order to investigate the future compatibility of the current quality of MET data and to verify, whether and which types of new technology may be an acceptable source of meteorological data to be delivered to the TSOs, a study has been carried out. The study verified whether the quality of meteorological data is sufficient and reliable enough for the 2030 penetration targets set by the Irish government. This paper will describe the methods used to verify the quality of meteorological data signals, along with the various types of meteorological measurements that were found to be acceptable under varying conditions. The authors will also present several recommendations based on the findings of the study, and discuss how these recommendations are being implemented by EirGrid.
Bindehautdegenerationen und -neoplasien
Authors: Auw-Hädrich Claudia , Gasser Laura , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungErhabenheiten der Bindehaut entstehen durch Gewebevermehrung, die entweder degenerativ oder neoplastisch, aber auch entzündlich sein können. In diesem Artikel werden degenerative (Pterygium
und Pinguecula) sowie benigne und maligne neoplastische Bindehautveränderungen (epitheliale, melanozytäre und vaskuläre Tumoren, Choristome sowie Metastasen) bezüglich der Pathogenese,
Symptome, Diagnostik und aktuellem Stand der Behandlung dargestellt.
Von Klassischer Harnschau bis Urinstix
Authors: Wurster Angelika 
Published: May 2022

SummaryDer Urin wird bei der Diagnostik seit Jahrtausenden einbezogen: seit der Antike als Harnschau, heute zudem mit Urinteststreifen und weiteren Labormethoden. Bei der Klassischen Harnschau liegt die Vier-Säfte-Lehre zugrunde; betrachtet werden auch unter anderem Farbe und Konsistenz des Harns. Beim modernen Harnstatus werden meist die physikalische und chemische Untersuchung des Harns sowie die mikroskopische Untersuchung des Harnsediments einbezogen.
PPR 2.0: Sinnvoll oder sinnfrei?
Authors: Witt Thorsten 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungKaum ein anderes Thema wird seit Jahren so heiß diskutiert wie die Einführung der PPR 2.0. Diese liegt seit zweieinhalb Jahren vor, mittlerweile auf dem Schreibtisch des zweiten Gesundheitsministers. Offensichtlich hat die PPR 2.0 nicht nur Vorteile, sondern auch Schwächen. CNE sprach dazu mit Thorsten Witt, Pflegedirektor am Hamburger Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum.
Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in a Cohort of School-Aged Children and Adolescent ICU Survivors: The Importance of Follow-up in the Acute Recovery Phase
Authors: Hall Trevor A. , Greene Rachel K. , Lee Justin B. , Leonard Skyler , Bradbury Kathryn R. , Drury Kurt , Recht Grace , Randall Julie , Norr Megan E. , Williams Cydni N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors experience a collection of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social symptoms named post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). We aimed to quantify PICS morbidities from multiple stakeholder perspectives across domains. Using physician, neuropsychologist, and parent/caregiver-completed outcome measures across domains in a cross-sectional analysis of 186 children between the ages of 8 and 19 years with data from a PICU follow-up clinic 1 to 3 months after PICU discharge, we quantified PICS morbidities and used Spearman correlation to evaluate interdependence of PICS domains. Compared with pre-hospitalization functioning, new PICS-related morbidities were observed and significant correlations were identified between the PICS domains. Results highlight the need to identify and support patients and families for multiple morbidities simultaneously across all relevant PICS domains; moreover, an important divergence between caregiver report, physician, and neuropsychologist assessment was also found, showcasing the importance of multiple assessments and perspectives. New PICS morbidities across domains are common after discharge from the PICU, and timely follow-up care is needed that involves collaboration/integration of physicians, neuropsychologists, youth, and families to effectively identify and treat PICS-related issues.
A tale of two key species in a subtropical mudflat: four-fold density increases produce minimal ecological response in macrofauna
Authors: Dissanayake Navodha G. , Caswell Bryony A. , Frid Christopher L. J. 
Published: May 2022

Context Understanding how ecosystems function to deliver services is essential if we are to limit the impacts off human activities. Aim We hypothesised that increased densities of whelk, Pyrazus ebeninus, and crab, Macrophthalmus setosus, up to four times (given their large body-size and ecological roles, e.g. consuming deposits and disturbing sediments) would affect the macrofaunal community and how it functions in a south-eastern Queensland mudflat. Method The biota and physical environment of the field-deployed cages (three density treatments, caged and control plots) were sampled up to 90 days. Results After 90 days, the redox discontinuity layer was deeper and sediment organic matter was higher in all density treatments. This is consistent with enhanced burrowing, surface disturbance, mucus and pellet production. However, no significant changes in the taxonomic composition of the unmanipulated portion of the macrofaunal resident assemblage were observed. Conclusion Whereas some communities change structurally when perturbated and then revert, this community remained in the new manipulated configuration for at least 90 days. Implications Limited understanding of the ecological relationships in these systems, such as the processes operating to support this large increase in deposit-feeding biomass constrains evidence-based management. These systems may be able to, at least temporally, support enhanced biomasses and levels of ecosystem services.
The enigmatic tropical alpine flora on the African sky islands is young, disturbed, and unsaturated
Authors: Kandziora Martha , Gehrke Berit , Popp Magnus , Gizaw Abel , Brochmann Christian , Pirie Michael D. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Resilience is required to withstand or mitigate the effect of human-induced climate change. Today whole ecosystems are affected by climate change, but our understanding of their evolution and natural response is limited, often restricted to individual populations or species. The enigmatic flora on the tops of the African sky islands is isolated and unique, showing striking adaptations to the harsh tropical alpine conditions. Here we analyze genome data from a large fraction of afroalpine plants and show that this remarkable flora has a dynamic history with frequent colonizations and extinctions, most likely caused by previous natural climate changes during the ice-age cycles. The flora will be particularly vulnerable to human-induced climate warming, reducing alpine habitat into successively smaller areas.
Pruning recurrent neural networks replicates adolescent changes in working memory and reinforcement learning
Authors: Averbeck Bruno B. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceAdolescence is a period during which there are important changes in behavior and the structure of the brain. In this manuscript, we use theoretical modeling to show how improvements in working memory and reinforcement learning that occur during adolescence can be explained by the reduction in synaptic connectivity in prefrontal cortex that occurs during a similar period. We train recurrent neural networks to solve working memory and reinforcement learning tasks and show that when we prune connectivity in these networks, they perform the tasks better. The improvement in task performance, however, can come at the cost of flexibility as the pruned networks are not able to learn some new tasks as well.
The Semiotics of Multilingual Desire in Hong Kong and Singapore’s Elite Foodscape
Authors: Theng Andre Joseph , Lee Tong King 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article considers a form of marketing strategy among upmarket food and beverage establishments in Hong Kong and Singapore involving the use of Chinese text in their decor. Although the two cities have a majority Chinese population, English is widely considered the language of social mobility and an unmarked language in the discursive construction of eliteness. In asking, “Why Chinese?” we consider how the indexical value of a vernacular language can be rescaled in upmarket commercial spaces for an emergent group of consumers known as “cultural omnivores.” Through the process of indexical selectivity, the invocation of Chinese in these establishments taps into the unique disposition of cultural omnivores by feeding their multilingual desires, and more specifically their desire to consume relatively more or less prestigious languages omnivorously in indexing social distinction. Such alternative readings of the prestige value of the vernacular by a privileged group of consumers point to the ambivalent indexicality of language.
Papo Reto: The Politics of Enregisterment amid the Crossfire in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Daniel N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis essay studies papo reto (straight talk) activist register as an enregistered social formation that indexes practices, relations, and personae belonging in Brazil’s favelas (low-income neighborhoods). Drawing from fieldwork in the Complexo do Alemão favelas in Rio de Janeiro, I discuss three case studies that showcase prototypical pragmatic features of papo reto (suspension of face concerns; directness; and indexically valued tropism). In juxtaposing findings from the sociology of violence in Brazil with my informants’ ethnopragmatics, I conclude that papo reto activist register is a crucial language game for surviving the “crossfire,” that is, the violent dispute between the normative regimes of the state and the “world of crime” in favelas. Further, in its rewording of the “convoluted” language of bureaucracy and other upscale registers to a “direct” and more participatory speech level, papo reto activist register is a fundamental weapon for the political participation of Blacks and other minorities in one of the world’s most unequal countries.
Secret Language as a “Weapon of Defense”: The Problem of Opacity in Italian Colonial Libya
Authors: La Mattina Nicco A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article examines the role of referential directness and community emblematization in the documentation of Libyan sign processes construed by Italian colonial ethnographers as secretive. I examine the key texts on these practices to show that colonial ethnographers metasemiotically framed the so-called argots of Libya in terms of what was understood to be their occulting function of hiding one’s intentions and their anti-language function of opposing established society. I show that Italian colonial-ethnological preoccupations with clarity and moral unity were articulated against the discursive background of French colonial ethnology of Algeria as well as Italian racist criminology anchored in the metaphor of relative opacity.
Joint gravity and magnetic inversion with trans-dimensional alpha shapes and autoregressive noise models
Authors: Ghalenoei Emad , Dettmer Jan , Ali Mohammed Y , Kim Jeong Woo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Typical geophysical inverse problems are ill-posed and non-unique which causes challenges for interpretation. To address these issues, deterministic inversion methods often apply constraints to parameter values, which control the effective number of parameters. However, such approaches can inhibit inference on complex structural boundaries. Bayesian trans-dimensional (trans-D) parametrizations for Earth structure partition space based on data information with the ability to adapt the parametrization locally to data information. Therefore, trans-D approaches can avoid under- or over-parametrizing regions of the model. Nonetheless, these parametrizations depend on the choice of partitioning types, such as Voronoi nodes or wavelet decomposition. In addition, trade-offs exist between spatial resolution and correlated data errors. We present a hierarchical model that treats both spatial and data noise parametrizations as trans-D to better incorporate trade-offs between noise and structure into uncertainty quantification. This includes a hierarchical spatial partitioning based on linear and nearest-neighbor interpolations and alpha shapes. The alpha shapes provide advantages for the inversion of potential field data by permitting flexibility in the shapes of structures of interest. The trans-D autoregressive noise model quantifies the impact of correlated noise on geophysical parameter estimates. We compare these methods with nested Voronoi partitioning and show differences in uncertainties, data fit, and parsimony of the parametrizations. Studies on simulated data show well-resolved structures and successful decorrelation of data residuals while requiring few parameters. The inversion of field data infers basement and salt broadly consistent with previous studies, but results show additional details that are consistent with independent geological knowledge.
Rare decays of the B

s
–meson into four charged leptons in the framework of the Standard Model
Authors: Danilina A V , Nikitin N V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the framework of the Standard Model we present new theoretical predictions for the branching ratios, double and single differential distributions and forward—backward leptonic asymmetries for the

B
¯

s

→

μ

+

μ

−

e

+

e

−

decay. In our consideration we take into account the

ϕ

(
1020
)

—resonance contribution; the main contributions of four charmonium resonances :

ψ

(
3770
)

,

ψ

(
4040
)

,

ψ

(
4160
)

and

ψ

(
4415
)

;

u

u
¯

—resonant contribution from

ρ

(
770
)

and

ω

(
782
)

;

‘tails’ contributions from

J
/
ψ

and

ψ

(
2
S
)

resonances; non—resonant contribution of the

b

b
¯

- pairs, bremsstrahlung and the contribution of the weak annihilation. We provide the prediction for the branching ratio of

B
¯

s

→

μ

+

μ

−

e

+

e

−

decay with and without the

ϕ

(
1020
)

—resonance contribution. We use the model of vector meson dominance (VMD) for calculation of resonances contributions and take into account all substantive terms in

B
¯

s

→

μ

+

μ

−

e

+

e

−

amplitude that was not considered in the previously papers.
Calibration process and uncertainty estimation for 3D pitot tubes to enhance greenhouse gas emission measurements in smokestacks
Authors: Nguyen Doan Trang , Choi Yong Moon , Im Sunghyuk , Shin Jinwoo , Kang Woong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Carbon dioxide emissions made up from fossil fuel is a weighted contribution to the total carbon dioxide emissions in Korea. To keep on track of the long-term mitigation pathway, the new solution for enhancing the emission flow measurements more accurately in industrial smokestacks is urgent. Thus, along with the popular instrument, an S-type pitot tube, three-dimensional (3D) pitot tubes have been introduced to determine the emission flow in smokestacks by international standards and Korean regulations. To comply with the regulations mandated in Korea, the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science established the 3D pitot tube calibration system for stack flow measurements assembled to the airspeed standard system. This calibration system can produce accurate pitch and velocity calibration curves for 3D pitot tubes in the range of testing pitch angle within ±30°, and have an expanded uncertainty attributed to the calibration curves (0.005–0.086) and (1.3–2.9)% for the prism pitot tube and (0.008–0.175) and (1.6–3.1)% for the spherical pitot tube.
Assessing the vulnerability to tidal-induced flooding of the low-income coastal community in the Mekong Delta: a case study in Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam
Authors: Linh P T T , Huan V D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The coastal region in Vietnam is the region most directly affected and severely damaged by climate change and sea-level rise, including in the Mekong Delta. The low-income coastal community is one of the most vulnerable populations to disaster risks because of limited adaptability and unsustainable livelihoods. Since 2005, people living along the 56 km coastline of Bac Lieu have faced high tides tending to rise over alarming levels III, damaging to life and production. This study used the community-based disaster risk assessment framework to identify the extent of vulnerabilities and its factors driving forces. It was conducted using mixed methods, including in-depth interviews of nine experts, questionnaire interviews of 233 households, and six focus groups at six coastal communes in Bac Lieu province. The study finds that the low-income coastal households are exposed to high levels of vulnerability about livelihood, residence safety, access to clean water and sanitation, food, and medical services due to a lack of adaptive capacity to the climate changes.
Impact of core electron temperature on current profile broadening with radio-frequency wave heating and current drive in EAST
Authors: ZHANG Jiayuan , QIAN Jinping , GONG Xianzu , ZHANG Bin , WU Muquan , LI Miaohui , CHEN Jiale , ZANG Qing , LIN Shiyao , CHAO Yan , ZHAO Hailin , LIANG Ruirong , JIA Tianqi , HU Yunchan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent EAST experiments, current profile broadening characterized by reduced internal inductance has been achieved by utilizing radio-frequency current drives (RFCD). In contrast to previous density scan experiments, which showed an outward shift of the current density profile of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) in higher plasma density, the core electron temperature (T
e(0)) is found to affect the LHCD current profile as well. According to equilibrium reconstruction, a significant increase in on-axis safety factor (q
0) from 2.05 to 3.41 is observed by careful arrangement of RFCD. Simulations using ray-tracing code GENRAY and Fokker–Planck code CQL3D have been performed to thoroughly analyze the LHCD current profile, revealing the sensitivity of the LHCD current profile to T
e(0). The LHCD current density tends to accumulate in the plasma core with higher current drive efficiency benefiting from higher T
e(0). With a lower T
e(0), the LHCD current profile broadens due to off-axis deposition of power density. The sensitivity of the power deposition and current profile of LHCD to T
e(0) provides a promising way to effectively optimize current profile via control of the core electron temperature.
Advances in engineered exosomes towards cancer diagnosis and therapeutics
Authors: Tanziela Tanziela , Dong Xiawei , Ye Jing , Guo Zengchao , Jiang Hui , Lu Zuhong , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Xuemei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as natural nanocarriers and are advantageous in the field of nanomedicine due to their lipid bilayer membrane comprising many proteins, nucleic acids and cell debris. Exosomes are secreted from all types of living cells and play a role in cancer diagnosis and therapy because of their biological properties, such as intercellular communication, modulation of immune responses, biocompatibility and target specificity. Many studies have shown that exosomes can be engineered or modified with different therapeutic substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, drugs and other nanomaterials, to improve their specificity, efficiency and safety in nanomedicine. In this review, we summarize the methodologies of exosome biogenesis, purification, the possible mechanisms of cellular uptake and the important role of exosomes in cancer diagnosis, followed by the role of engineered exosomes in cancer therapy. Also, future trends and challenges are discussed. We strongly suggest that a clear articulation of the fundamental principles for the creation of exosome-based theranostic platforms will help reveal the unique powers of exosomes in early cancer diagnosis and therapeutics, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy and phototherapy.
MEMS sensor for detection and measurement of ultra-fine particles
Authors: Pachkawade Vinayak , Tse Zion 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of the micro-electro-mechanical systems resonant sensor used for particle detection and concentration measurement. The fine and ultra-fine particles such as particulate matter (PM), ferrous particles, and nanoparticles are known to contaminate the atmosphere, fluids used in industrial machines, and food, respectively. The physical principles involved in the target particles accumulating on the sensor are presented. Micro-gravimetric resonators that use primarily piezoelectric and thermally actuated transducers for particle detection and concentration measurement in air and high-viscosity liquids are analysed. Critical sensor features, such as maximum possible parametric sensitivity, the detection limit of particle size and mass concentration, linear dynamic range, and output stability, are thoroughly evaluated.