bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady Normal-Mode Vortices in Circular Cavities
Authors: Tyvand Peder A 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis article establishes elementary families of steady two-dimensional (2D) vortices in circular enclosures filled with inviscid fluid. A normal-mode vortex is a continuous vortex that satisfies a Helmholtz equation for the streamfunction. An individual normal-mode vortex satisfies the steady 2D vorticity equation. A way to satisfy the vorticity equation with two superposed normal-mode vortices is to let one of them have circular streamlines, trivially satisfying the kinematic boundary condition at the circle boundary. The requirement for steady flow is that the wavenumber eigenvalues for the Helmholtz equations are identical. This eigenvalue has to be dictated by a normal-mode vortex that is fully 2D. In a circle sector with a designed angle, it is possible to add two fully 2D normal-mode vortices so that their superposed flow is steady. One such example is demonstrated, where the circle sector has an angle of $63.77^\circ$. While conventional stability analysis does not apply to these families of steady normal-mode vortices, there is a latent algebraic instability in terms of linearly growing offspring vortices evolving from an initial state where a small initial perturbation is added to the steady normal-mode vortex.
Differentiated Egalitarianism: The Impact of Paid Family Leave Policy on Women’s and Men’s Paid and Unpaid Work
Authors: Gonalons-Pons Pilar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe birth of a new child continues to exacerbate gender specialization among different-sex couples. This study considers the potential of paid leave policies to intervene in this key life-course juncture and promote greater gender equality in paid and unpaid work. While previous research has examined the impact of paid leave policies on paid or unpaid work among mothers or fathers separately, this study provides an integrated framework and examines comprehensively how these benefits shape both mothers' and fathers' paid and unpaid work outcomes. I use data from the Current Population Survey 1990–2020 and the American Time Use Survey 2003–2019 and quasi-experimental differences-in-differences models to examine the impact of the introduction of paid leave policies in California and New Jersey. The results show that the policy increased mothers’ and fathers’ short-term time off from paid work after new births, increased mothers’ care work more than fathers’, and increased fathers’ housework more than mothers’. I call this pattern differentiated egalitarianism, denoting changes increasing men’s involvement in housework while simultaneously reproducing mothers’ primary caregiver role.
Prevention of heart failure, tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in HIV
Authors: Wu Katherine C. , Woldu Bethel , Post Wendy S. , Hays Allison G. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of reviewTo summarize the state-of-the-art literature on the epidemiology, disease progression, and mediators of heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death in people living with HIV (PLWH) to inform prevention strategies.Recent findingsRecent studies corroborate the role of HIV as a risk enhancer for heart failure and arrhythmias, which persists despite adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and unhealthy behaviors. Immune activation and inflammation contribute to the risk. Heart failure occurs more frequently at younger ages, and among women and ethnic minorities living with HIV, highlighting disparities. Prospective outcome studies remain sparse in PLWH limiting prevention approaches. However, subclinical cardiac and electrophysiologic remodeling and dysfunction detected by noninvasive testing are powerful disease surrogates that inform our mechanistic understanding of HIV-associated cardiovascular disease and offer opportunities for early diagnosis.SummaryAggressive control of HIV viremia and cardiac risk factors and abstinence from unhealthy behaviors remain treatment pillars to prevent heart failure and arrhythmic complications. The excess risk among PLWH warrants heightened vigilance for heart failure and arrhythmic symptomatology and earlier testing as subclinical abnormalities are common. Future research needs include identifying novel therapeutic targets to prevent heart failure and arrhythmias and testing of interventions in diverse groups of PLWH.
Addressing gaps in cardiovascular care for people with HIV: bridging scientific evidence and practice
Authors: Liu Albert , Feinstein Matthew 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
People with HIV continue to have an excess burden of cardiovascular disease compared to the general population. The reasons for these disparities in cardiovascular disease include HIV-specific risk enhancers, traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors, and sociodemographic disparities, all of which are ripe targets for intervention.

Recent findings
Accurate risk prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains difficult, and cardiovascular risk for people with HIV may be underestimated in the absence of HIV-specific risk enhancers. Despite this increased cardiovascular risk, people with HIV are undertreated and often placed on inadequate lipid lowering therapy. Structural racism and HIV-related stigma play a role, and provider-level and structural-level interventions to encourage early identification and treatment of persons at high risk are necessary.

Summary
Persons with HIV should be screened with existing cardiovascular risk prediction tools, and those at high risk cardiovascular disease should be promptly referred for lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions as appropriate. System-level implementation research is ongoing in attempts to narrow the gap in cardiovascular care, particularly for vulnerable communities in low resource settings.
HIV and cardiovascular disease: the role of inflammation
Authors: Dirajlal-Fargo Sahera , Funderburg Nicholas 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use are linked to an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Immune activation persists in ART-treated people with HIV (PWH), and markers of inflammation (i.e. IL-6, C-reactive protein) predict mortality in this population. This review discusses underlying mechanisms that likely contribute to inflammation and the development of ASCVD in PWH.

Recent findings
Persistent inflammation contributes to accelerated ASCVD in HIV and several new insights into the underlying immunologic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in PWH have been made (e.g. clonal haematopoiesis, trained immunity, lipidomics). We will also highlight potential pro-inflammatory mechanisms that may differ in vulnerable populations, including women, minorities and children.

Summary
Mechanistic studies into the drivers of chronic inflammation in PWH are ongoing and may aid in tailoring effective therapeutic strategies that can reduce ASCVD risk in this population. Focus should also include factors that lead to persistent disparities in HIV care and comorbidities, including sex as a biological factor and social determinants of health. It remains unclear whether ASCVD progression in HIV is driven by unique mediators (HIV itself, ART, immunodeficiency), or if it is an accelerated version of disease progression seen in the general population.
Blood Reflux Through a PreserFlo MicroShunt Device After Needling
Authors: Cassottana Paola , Di Mola Ilaria , Ferro Desideri Lorenzo , Vagge Aldo , Cutolo Carlo A. , Traverso Carlo E. , Iester Michele 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
To report a case of hyphema after a bleb needling revision in a PreserFlo MicroShunt implantation.

Case Description:
An 87-year-old man suffering from bilateral open angle glaucoma was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of unsatisfactory intraocular pressure (IOP) control in the right eye, despite the maximally tolerated medical therapy. The patient underwent PreserFlo MicroShunt implantation in his right eye. About 2 months after the surgical procedure, the IOP was raised because of bleb failure for subconjunctival scarring. A needling revision was performed at the slit lamp. During the procedure blood reflux through a PreserFlo MicroShunt device from a filtering bleb to the anterior chamber was observed, causing an IOP rise. Treatment with oral acetazolamide, topical steroid, and antibiotic resulted in the complete resolution of the hyphema in 2 weeks and a significant lowering in IOP.

Conclusions:
This is the first reported case of blood reflux to the anterior chamber through a PreserFlo MicroShunt implant after a needling procedure.
Epidemiology and real-life experience in progressive pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Valenzuela Claudia , Cottin Vincent 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), characterized by relentless disease progression from the time of diagnosis, is part of a larger group of chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). A proportion of patients with non-IPF ILDs may develop, despite conventional treatment, a progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), also referred to as ILD with a progressive fibrosing phenotype (PF-ILD). These patients experience worsening of respiratory symptoms, decline in lung function, and early mortality. The goal of this review is to describe the epidemiology and recent real-life cohorts of PF-ILD, with implications for management.

Recent findings
The relatively new concept of PF-ILD has aroused active clinical research over the past years. To understand risk factors for progression and the real burden of the disease is crucial to improve management. In the last 2 years, different cohort studies have addressed these questions. They showed that almost one-third of the non-IPF fibrotic ILD patients develop PF-ILD or PPF.

Summary
Emerging data show similarities in prognosis between patients with IPF or with non-IPF PF-ILD patients. Early detection and appropriate treatment of this group of patients is a priority. Further research is needed to identify risk factors of progression, to clarify the assessment of progression in clinical practice, for a better management of patients with PF-ILD in a real-world setting.
Auditory neuropathy: from etiology to management
Authors: Huang Yuyu , Yang Jun , Duan Maoli 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Auditory neuropathy is a disorder of auditory dysfunction characterized by the normal function of the outer hair cells and malfunction of the inner hair cells, synapses, postsynapses and/or auditory afferent nervous system. This review summarizes the process of discovery and naming of auditory neuropathy and describes the acquired, associated genetic disorders and management available.

Recent findings
In the last 40 years, auditory neuropathy has undergone a process of discovery, naming and progressive elucidation of its complex pathological mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed numerous acquired and inherited causative factors associated with auditory neuropathy. Studies have analyzed the pathogenic mechanisms of various genes and the outcomes of cochlear implantation. New therapeutic approaches, such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy are the future trends in the treatment of auditory neuropathy.

Summary
A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms is crucial in illustrating auditory neuropathy and assist in developing future management strategies.
Estrogen-Associated Headaches Can Be Treated by Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Sunnia T. , Schoenbrunner Anna , Gfrerer Lisa , Packowski Kathryn , Austen William G. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Nerve decompression surgery has been successful in treating headaches refractory to traditional medical therapies. Nevertheless, a subset of patients remain unresponsive to surgical treatment.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of the two senior author’s (J.E.J. and W.G.A.) patient data from 2007 to 2020 to investigate differences in surgical outcomes in women reporting estrogen-associated headaches – headaches associated with menstrual period, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, other hormonal drugs – compared to those who did not. For these two groups, we used Migraine Headache Index (MHI) as the metric for headache severity and compared the mean percent change in MHI at 3 months and 1 year.

Results:
Of the 99 female patients who underwent nerve decompression surgery and met inclusion criteria, 50 of the patients reported estrogen-associated headaches and were found to have significantly earlier age of onset (p=0.017) and initial presentation to clinic (p=0.046). At 1-year post-op, the majority of patients improved more than 80% after surgery (67%), but there were a subset of patients who improved less than 5% (12.5%). We did not find a significant difference in percent change in post-op MHI between women with estrogen-associated headaches and those without such headaches.

Conclusion:
Women with estrogen-associated headaches have surgical outcomes comparable to women without this association. Nerve decompression surgery should be offered to women experiencing estrogen-associated headaches as an option for treatment.
Variation in communicative complexity in relation to social structure and organization in non-human primates
Authors: Aureli Filippo , Schaffner Colleen M. , Schino Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

Communicative complexity relates to social complexity, as individuals in more complex social systems either use more signals or more complex signals than individuals living in less complex ones. Taking the individual group member's perspective, here we examine communicative complexity in relation to social complexity, which arises from two components of social systems: social structure and social organization. We review the concepts of social relationships and social complexity and evaluate their implications for communicative and cognitive complexity using examples from primate species. We focus on spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), as their social organization is characterized by flexibility in grouping dynamics and they use a variety of communicative signals. We conclude that no simple relationship exists among social complexity, communicative complexity and cognitive complexity, with social complexity not necessarily implying cognitive complexity, and communicative and cognitive complexity being independently linked to social complexity. To better understand the commonly implied link between social complexity and cognitive complexity it is crucial to recognize the complementary role of communicative complexity. A more elaborated communicative toolkit provides the needed flexibility to deal with dynamic and multifaceted social relationships and high variation in fission–fusion dynamics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cognition, communication and social bonds in primates’.
Paracoccus salsus sp. nov., a novel slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from saline lake sediment
Authors: Gao Lei , Fang Bao-Zhu , Liu Yong-Hong , Huang Yin , Wang Shuang , Jiang Hong-Chen , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: August 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, slightly halophilic and non-endospore-forming alphaproteobacterium, designated strain EGI L200073T, was isolated from saline lake sediment sampled in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The taxonomic position of the isolate was determined using the polyphasic taxonomic analysis and phylogenomic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities indicated that strain EGI L200073T formed a distinct clade with

Paracoccus seriniphilus

DSM 14827T and shared sequence identity of 98.56 %. The novel isolate could be distinguished from other species of the genus

Paracoccus

by its distinct phenotypic, physiological and genotypic characteristics. Optimal growth of strain EGI L200073T occurred on marine agar 2216 at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10, while the major fatty acids (>10%) were summed feature 8 (C17 : 1
ω6c and/or C17 : 1
ω7c) and C18 : 0. The detected polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on the genome sequence of strain EGI L200073T, the G+C content of the novel isolate was 65.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity, amino acid identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain EGI L200073T against related members in the genus

Paracoccus

were below the cut-off points proposed for delineation of a novel species. According our polyphasic taxonomic data, strain EGI L200073T represents a new species of the genus

Paracoccus

, for which the name Paracoccus salsus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel isolate is EGI L200073T (=KCTC 92045T=CGMCC 1.19242T).
Spatiotemporal analysis of speckle dynamics to track invisible needle in ultrasound sequences using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tehrani Zade Amin Amiri , Aziz Maryam Jalili , Majedi Hossein , Mirbagheri Alireza , Ahmadian Alireza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveAccurate needle placement to the target point is critical for ultrasound interventions like biopsies and epidural injections. However, aligning the needle to the thin plane of the transducer is a challenging issue as it leads to the decay of visibility by the naked eye. Therefore, we have developed a CNN-based framework to track the needle using the spatiotemporal features of speckle dynamics.MethodsThere are three key techniques to optimize the network for our application. First, we proposed a motion field estimation network (RMF) to extract spatiotemporal features from the stack of consecutive frames. We also designed an efficient network based on the state-of-the-art Yolo framework (nYolo). Lastly, the Assisted Excitation (AE) module was added at the neck of the network to handle imbalance problem.ResultsTen freehand ultrasound sequences are collected by inserting an injection needle steeply into the Ultrasound Compatible Lumbar Epidural Simulator and Femoral Vascular Access Ezono test phantoms. We divided the dataset into two sub-categories. In the second category, in which the situation is more challenging and the needle is totally invisible statically, the angle and tip localization error were 2.43±1.14° and 2.3±1.76 mm using Yolov3+RMF+AE and 2.08±1.18° and 2.12±1.43 mm using nYolo+RMF+AE.Conclusion and significanceThe proposed method has the potential to track the needle in a more reliable operation compared to other state-of-the-art methods and can accurately localize it in 2D B-mode US images in real-time, allowing it to be used in in current ultrasound intervention procedures.
Intramyocardial cell-based therapy during bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: The ELPIS phase I trial
Authors: Kaushal Sunjay , Hoffman Jessica R , Boyd Riley M , Hare Joshua M , Ramdas Kevin N. , Pietris Nicholas , Kutty Shelby , Tweddell James S , Husain S. Adil , Menon Shaji C. , Lambert Linda M. , Danford David A , Kligerman Seth J , Hibino Narutoshi , Korutla Laxminarayana , Vallabhajosyula Prashanth , Campbell Michael J. , Khan Aisha , Yousefi Keyvan , Mehranfard Danial , McClain-Moss Lisa , Oliva Anthony A. , Davis Michael E 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundHypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) survival relies on surgical reconstruction for the right ventricle (RV) to provide systemic circulation. This leads to substantially increased loads on the RV, wall stress, maladaptive remodeling and dysfunction, which in turn can increase risk of death or transplantation.ObjectivesWe conducted a phase I multicenter trial to assess safety and feasibility of intra-operative MSC injection in HLHS patients to boost RV performance in the systemic position.MethodsAllogeneic MSCs were directly administered by intramyocardial injections during the second stage palliative operation. The primary endpoint was safety.ResultsTen patients received intramyocardial injections of allogeneic MSCs (Lomecel-B). No patients experienced major adverse cardiac events (MACE). All subjects were alive and transplant-free at 1 year following, and experienced growth comparable to healthy control historical data. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) revealed improving tricuspid regurgitant fraction (Baseline: 0.45±0.19; 6 mo.: 0.32±0.06; 12 mo.: 0.06±0.09), while global longitudinal strain (Baseline: -24.39±6.99; 6 mo.: -20.55±3.05, p > 0.05 vs baseline; 12 mo.: - 23.88±4.6, p>0.05 vs baseline) and RV ejection fraction (EF; baseline: 62.62±5.99; 6 mo.: 53.69±9.56; 12 mo.: 52.31±5.63: p=NS for change over time) were unchanged. Computational modeling identified 167 derived RNAs specific to circulating exosomes originating from transplanted MSCs corresponding to RVEF changes and identifying potential mechanistic underpinnings.ConclusionsIntramyocardial MSCs appear safe in HLHS patients, and may favorably affect RV performance. Circulating exosomes of transplanted MSC-specific provide novel insight into bioactivity. Conduct of a controlled phase trial is warranted and is underway.Condensed AbstractThe ELPIS phase I trial was designed to assess safety and feasibility of intramyocardial injection of allogeneic MSCs into the RV during second stage palliation of HLHS. There were no incidences of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) or other safety concerns, and there was a 100% transplant-free survival at 1-year follow-up, supporting the safety and feasibility of this approach. The ELPIS results are important for advancing MSC therapy for all ages and congenital heart conditions, and warrant further investigation in a controlled Phase II trial powered for efficacy.
Development of Highly Selective Epoxyketone-based Plasmodium Proteasome Inhibitors with Negligible Cytotoxicity
Authors: Almaliti Jehad , Fajtová Pavla , Calla Jaeson , LaMonte Gregory M. , Feng Mudong , Rocamora Frances , Ottilie Sabine , Glukhov Evgenia , Boura Evzen , Suhandynata Raymond T. , Momper Jeremiah D. , Gilson Michael K. , Winzeler Elizabeth A. , Gerwick William H. , O’Donoghue Anthony J. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTHere we present remarkable epoxyketone-based proteasome inhibitors with low nanomolar in vitro potency for blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum and low cytotoxicity for human cells. Our best compound has more than 2,600-fold greater selectivity for erythrocytic-stage P. falciparum over HepG2 cells, which is largely driven by the accommodation of the parasite proteasome for a d-amino acid in the P3 position and the preference for a difluorobenzyl group in the P1 position. These compounds also significantly reduce parasitemia in a P. berghei mouse infection model and prolong survival of animals by an average of 6 days. The current epoxyketone inhibitors are ideal starting compounds for orally bioavailable anti-malarial drugs.