bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the degradation discrepancy in Ni‐rich cathodes with a diverse proportion of [003] crystallographic textures
Authors: Qiu Lang , Zhang Mengke , Song Yang , Wu Zhenguo , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Zhang Jun , Wang Dong , Hu Hai‐Yan , Li Hong‐Wei , Liu Hang‐Rui , Jia Xin‐Bei , Peng Jian , Chen Shuangqiang , Yang Zuguang , Xiao Yao , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe crystal plane plays a very important role in the properties of Ni‐rich cathodes. [003] crystallographic texture regulation has been proven to improve structural stability, and yet, the discrepancy of particles with different exposed ratios of [003] in structural attenuation has not been clarified. Herein, we have unraveled comprehensively the structural decay difference for Ni‐rich cathodes’ primary particles with the different percentages of exposed [003] by regulating the precursor coprecipitation process. The findings based on structural characterization, first‐principles calculations, finite element analysis, and electrochemical test reveal that the length and width of particles represent and [003] directions, respectively, and show that cathode particles with a higher /[003] ratio can effectively inhibit structure degradation and intergranular/intragranular crack formation owing to the low oxygen vacancy formation energy on (003) planes and the small local stress on secondary/primary particles. This study may provide guidance for the structural design of layered cathodes.
Facile Synthesis of Multifunctional Bioreducible Polymers for mRNA Delivery
Authors: Hickey James C. , Hurst Paul J. , Patterson Joseph P. , Guan Zhibin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBioreducible polymeric mRNA carriers are an emerging family of vectors for gene delivery and vaccine development. A few bioreducible systems have been generated through aqueous‐phase ring‐opening polymerization of lipoic acid derivatives, however this methodology limits hydrophobic group incorporation and functionality into resulting polymers. Herein, a poly(active ester)disulfide polymer is synthesized that can undergo facile aminolysis with amine‐containing substrates under stoichiometric control and mild reaction conditions to yield a library of multifunctional polydisulfide polymers. Functionalized polydisulfide polymer species form stable mRNA‐polymer nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of mRNAs in vitro. Alkyl‐functionalized polydisulfide‐RNA nanoparticles demonstrate rapid cellular uptake and excellent biodegradability when delivering EGFP and OVA mRNAs to cells in vitro. This streamlined polydisulfide synthesis provides a new facile methodology for accessing multifunctional bioreducible polymers as biomaterials for RNA delivery and other applications.
Triple Thorpe–Ingold Effect in the Synthesis of 18‐Membered C3 Symmetric Lactams Stacking as Endless Supramolecular Tubes
Authors: Nazari Niousha , Bernard Sylvain , Fortin Daniel , Marmin Thomas , Gendron Louis , Dory Yves L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThree C3 symmetric macrolactams were very efficiently cyclized from their linear precursors. Adequately located substituents are responsible for the enhancement of reactivity that is not observed in the unsubstituted parent. DFT calculations show that the properly folded cyclization precursor, the reactive conformer, is more populated than other conformers, leading to a decrease of free energy of activation. The crystal structure of the ring substituted with three very bulky esters indicates that tubular stacking is preserved.
Do phloem feeders affect gas exchange? A case study of Aphis gossypii (Glover) on cotton
Authors: Heimoana Simone C. , Wilson Lewis J. , Constable Greg A. , George Doug L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) is a worldwide pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). High aphid densities visibly damage cotton leaves, reducing leaf photosynthesis and yield. In contrast, lower aphid densities usually do not visibly damage leaves but their effect on photosynthesis is unknown, complicating the decisions on the need for their control. The effect of cotton aphid at lower densities on gas exchange of cotton leaves was investigated under field conditions in the Namoi Valley, Australia. Photosynthesis, leaf area, stomatal opening, and aphid density were assessed on the third mainstem leaf below the terminal of aphid infested and uninfested control plants. Photosynthesis was reduced by a maximum of 27% at a density of 27.6 aphids cm−2 of leaf tissue. Negative linear relationships were found between aphid density and relative photosynthesis, relative conductance and relative transpiration. The temperature of leaves infested with >5 aphids cm−2 was higher than control leaves. Stomatal conductance was reduced faster than photosynthesis, and 87% of stomata on aphid infested leaves were closed, compared to only 34% on control leaves. Closure of stomata was implicated as a cause of reduced photosynthesis in aphid infested cotton leaves. Stomatal closure may be a direct response to cell damage from aphid feeding, as a plant defense or as a response to aphid induced stress. The results suggest that low levels of aphids (e.g., <7 aphids cm−2) on leaves in the upper canopy of cotton crops may be tolerated with low risk to photosynthesis.
A new series of thiazole‐hydrazone hybrids for Akt‐targeted therapy of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Orujova Turana , Ece Abdulilah , Akalın Çiftçi Gülşen , Özdemir Ahmet , Altıntop Mehlika D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn an attempt to identify potent antitumor agents for the fight against non‐small cell lung cancer, new thiazolyl hydrazones (2a–n) were synthesized and examined for their in vitro cytotoxic effects on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and L929 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells by means of the MTT assay. Furthermore, the effects of the most potent anticancer agents on apoptosis and Akt inhibition were investigated. 2‐[2‐((Isoquinolin‐5‐yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]−4‐(4‐methylsulfonylphenyl)thiazole (2k) (IC50 = 1.43 ± 0.12 µM) and 2‐[2‐((isoquinolin‐5‐yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]−4‐(1,3‐benzodioxol‐5‐yl)thiazole (2l) (IC50 = 1.75 ± 0.07 µM) displayed more pronounced anticancer activity than cisplatin (IC50 = 3.90 ± 0.10 µM) on A549 cell lines; 2‐[2‐((isoquinolin‐5‐yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]−4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)thiazole (2j) (IC50 = 3.93 ± 0.06 µM) showed anticancer activity close to cisplatin. These compounds were found to induce apoptosis in A549 cells. Compound 2j (IC50 = 3.55 ± 0.64 µM) showed stronger Akt inhibitory activity than GSK690693 (IC50 = 4.93 ± 0.06 µM), while compounds 2k and 2l did not cause Akt inhibition at IC50 concentrations (1.43 and 1.75 µM, respectively). To comprehensively elucidate the binding pose of compound 2j and to provide a detailed understanding on the ligand' binding mechanism, induced‐fit docking calculations were also conducted. Both in vitro and in silico studies suggest that compound 2j shows its cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on A549 cell lines via Akt inhibition. However, it is understood that compounds 2k and 2l exert their strong anticancer effects on A549 cells through different pathways.
A road traversing a protected area has little effect on feeding and foraging behaviour of yellow baboons
Authors: Kitegile Amani , Hassan Shombe N. , Norton Guy W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Tanzania–Zambia (TANZAM) Highway traversing Mikumi National Park (MINAPA) has been a concern for wildlife managers since it was first paved in 1973–1974. After its upgrade in 1989–1990, researchers have documented increasing traffic resulting in considerable animal injuries and mortalities. Yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in MINAPA use the road as the bridge to and from foraging areas, therefore in addition to the risk of mortality road use could potentially have significant influence on their feeding behavior. However, knowledge on the influences of the TANZAM highway in the feeding behavior of yellow baboons is sparse. Using focal animal sampling techniques, we collected data on feeding and foraging behavior of two habituated troops of yellow baboons to examine to what extent the TANZAM highway is important in their feeding and foraging behavior. Results showed that in relation to habitat availability, visitation to habitat types reflect actual habitat choice of baboons. In general, yellow baboons less frequently visit and spent less time on the highway than natural habitats. Whenever they were on the highway, adult females and subadult males engage more into feeding, resting and socializing, while adult males were more vigilant. The major dietary compositions were fruits, seeds, leaves, sap, and invertebrates, almost exclusively collected from natural habitats, foods from the highway were opportunistically consumed. This study provides empirical evidence and concludes that yellow baboons do not directly depend on the highway for food, rather they use the TANZAM highway as normal part of their home range. However, its location near sleeping sites may have significant impact on baboons' activity budget. With these findings, we recommend strict implementation of rules against park littering and animal feeding in protected areas traversed by highways.
Divergent responses of butterflies and bees to burning and grazing management in tallgrass prairies
Authors: Leone Julia B. , Pennarola Nora P. , Larson Jennifer L. , Oberhauser Karen , Larson Diane L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractButterflies and bees contribute significantly to grassland biodiversity and play important roles as pollinators and herbivores. Grassland conservation and management must be seen through the lens of insect conservation and management if these species are to thrive. In North America, grasslands are a product of climate and natural disturbances such as fire and grazing. These natural disturbances have changed considerably since European colonization and subsequent landscape fragmentation. The aim of this study was to better understand the impacts of fire and grazing management on butterfly and bee communities in tallgrass prairie, enabling land managers and conservationists to better protect and manage remnant prairie. We examined butterfly and bee abundance, species richness, and diversity in Minnesota tallgrass prairies managed by grazing or fire. In 2016 and 2017, we surveyed butterflies, bees, vegetation, and surrounding land use at 20 remnant prairies (10 burned and 10 grazed) with known management histories. Butterfly and bee abundance at our study sites were significantly negatively correlated. Butterfly abundance, but not species richness, was higher in burned than grazed prairies, and prairie‐associated grass‐feeding butterflies were more abundant at sites with higher plant species richness. Bee abundance was unrelated to management type but was higher at sites with sandier soils; bee species richness was positively associated with forb frequency. These findings highlight the challenges of designing management plans tailored to wide groups of pollinators and the potential pitfalls of using one group of pollinators as indicators for another. They also point to the importance of a mosaic of management practices across the prairie landscape.
In silico evaluation of plant nitrification suppression effects on agroecosystem nitrogen loss
Authors: Hartman Melannie D. , Burnham Mark , Parton William J. , Finzi Adrien , DeLucia Evan H. , Yang Wendy H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNitrification regulates the potential for nitrogen (N) loss from ecosystems because it converts ammonium to nitrate, which is susceptible to leaching and gaseous emissions. Crops can suppress the microbes that perform nitrification by exuding nitrification‐inhibiting compounds from their roots and taking up available ammonium. However, the effect of nitrification suppression on agroecosystem N losses remains poorly characterized, and a lack of temporal synchrony between nitrification, N losses, and nitrification suppression by plants could limit the effect of nitrification suppression. We used the DayCent‐CABBI model to evaluate the effectiveness of the suppression of nitrification by sorghum to reduce N2O emissions and nitrate leaching in an energy sorghum/soybean rotation at the Energy Farm in Urbana‐Champaign, IL. We simulated nitrification suppression at the measured levels (MeasNS) and at the maximum measured level applied to the entire growing season (MaxNS), and we also explored ways to better utilize nitrification suppression by altering the timing of urea–ammonium–nitrate fertilizer applications. Model experiments showed that most nitrification occurred immediately after fertilizer was applied, whereas nitrification suppression began to ramp up more than a month after planting. On an annual basis, MeasNS experiments showed a 1%–2% reduction in annual N2O emissions relative to no nitrification suppression (NoNS), and MaxNS experiments showed a 4%–9% reduction in annual N2O emissions relative to NoNS. Both nitrification suppression levels showed <1% reduction in nitrate leaching. Altering the timing of fertilizer applications to better synchronize nitrification suppression with high soil ammonium levels had mixed effects on annual N2O emissions and nitrate leaching and sometimes resulted in increased N losses. The timing of simulated N2O emissions shifted with the timing of fertilization, and N2O emissions from denitrification increased when N2O emissions from nitrification decreased. Increasing N retention during the non‐growing season may be more effective than growing‐season nitrification suppression for reducing annual N losses in the rainfed Midwest.
Cu(OTf)2/NBS Promoted Cyclization of 1‐Cinnamyl Alcohol‐o‐Carboranes: An Efficient Approach for Synthesis ofo‐Carboranes Substituted Oxetanes
Authors: Zhang Cai‐Yan , Cao Ke , Yang Han‐Bo , Jiang Linhai , Li Bo , Yang Junxiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Cu(OTf)2/NBS promoted cyclization of 1‐cinnamyl alcohol‐o‐carboranes for synthesis ofo‐carborane substituted oxetanes has been developed. A series of substituted oxetanes has been synthesized with moderate to good yields, which would be an important synthon for design novel reactions in oxetane chemistry as well as carborane chemistry.
Green Approach for N−H Functionalization of Sulfoximines: An Access to Sulfoximinated‐Oxime Conjugates
Authors: Kour Harpreet , Sharma Alpa , Kour Jaspreet , Ahmed Mukhtar , Sawant Sanghapal D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA simple, metal‐free, and green approach has been established for N−H functionalization of sulfoximines under mild reaction conditions to offer sulfoximinated‐oxime conjugates. The reaction works well in EtOH at room temperature and proceeds smoothly without using any base or expensive ligands. This protocol has been applied on various aryl‐, heteroaryl‐ sulfoximines as well as on variety of chloro‐oximes. Both the substrates tolerated a wide range of functional groups, resulting in good to excellent yields. It can serve as a directing group in organic synthesis, as a precursor or building block, demonstrating the product's applicability and importance in the field. The applications of the protocol have been demonstrated in the sulfoximination of some natural products. This strategy could be useful in drug discovery or medicinal chemistry for fine‐tuning the physicochemical properties of natural product scaffolds or lead candidates.
Data science applied to environmental sciences
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Canas , Carfagna Elisabetta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, immense amounts of data have been generated, from sensors to purchase transaction records, mobile GPS signals, digital satellite images, and social media. The raise of data collection has brought the need for quantitative minded professionals able to transform that data into information and decision making. In this opinion piece, we will share some of our views and experiences about the general role that data science plays nowadays, with a special interest in the field of environmetrics. We will include a limited number of examples that highlight the usefulness of data science in environmetrics, and a specific illustration of the behavior of the wildfires in Brazil between January and December of 2021.
Anemia in children aged 6–59 months was significantly associated with maternal anemia status in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Mutonhodza Beaula , Dembedza Mavis P. , Lark Murray R. , Joy Edward J. M. , Manzeke‐Kangara Muneta G. , Njovo Handrea , Nyadzayo Tasiana K. , Kalimbira Alexander A. , Bailey Elizabeth H. , Broadley Martin R. , Matsungo Tonderayi M. , Chopera Prosper 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobally, anemia is a public health problem affecting mostly women of reproductive age (WRA, n = 452) and children aged 6–59 months (n = 452) from low‐ and lower‐middle‐income countries. This cross‐sectional study assessed the prevalence and determinants of anemia in WRA and children aged 6–59 months in rural Zimbabwe. The venous blood sample was measured for hemoglobin utilizing a HemoCue machine. Anthropometric indices were assessed and classified based on World Health Organization standards. Socioeconomic characteristics were assessed. The median (±inter quartile range (IQR)) age of WRA was 29 ± 12 years and that for children was 29 ± 14 months. The prevalence of anemia was 29.6% and 17.9% in children and WRA, respectively, while the median (±IQR) hemoglobin levels were 13.4 ± 1.8 and 11.7 ± 1.5 g/dl among women and children, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess determinants of anemia. Anemia in children was significantly associated with maternal anemia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.02; 95% CI 1.21–3.37; p = .007) and being a boy (OR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41–0.95; p = .029), while anemia in WRA was significantly associated with the use of unimproved dug wells as a source of drinking water (OR = 0.36; 95% CI 0.20–0.66; p = .001) and lack of agricultural land ownership (OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.31–0.85; p = .009). Anemia is a public health problem in the study setting. The positive association between maternal and child anemia reflects the possibility of cross‐generational anemia. Therefore, interventions that focus on improving preconceptual and maternal nutritional status may help to reduce anemia in low‐income settings.
Anodal cerebellar stimulation increases cortical activation: Evidence for cerebellar scaffolding of cortical processing
Authors: Maldonado Ted , Jackson Trevor Bryan , Bernard Jessica A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile the cerebellum contributes to nonmotor task performance, the specific contributions of the structure remain unknown. One possibility is that the cerebellum allows for the offloading of cortical processing, providing support during task performance, using internal models. Here we used transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate cerebellar function and investigate the impact on cortical activation patterns. Participants (n = 74; 22.03 ± 3.44 years) received either cathodal, anodal, or sham stimulation over the right cerebellum before a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan during which they completed a sequence learning and a working memory task. We predicted that cathodal stimulation would improve, and anodal stimulation would hinder task performance and cortical activation. Behaviorally, anodal stimulation negatively impacted behavior during late‐phase sequence learning. Functionally, we found that anodal cerebellar stimulation resulted in increased bilateral cortical activation, particularly in parietal and frontal regions known to be involved in cognitive processing. This suggests that if the cerebellum is not functioning optimally, there is a greater need for cortical resources.
DREADD‐inactivation of dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons in mice impairs retrieval of object and spatial memories
Authors: Cinalli David A. , Cohen Sarah J. , Calubag Mariah , Oz Goksu , Zhou Lylybell , Stackman Robert W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hippocampus, a medial temporal lobe brain region, is critical for the consolidation of information from short‐term memory into long‐term episodic memory and for spatial memory that enables navigation. Hippocampal damage in humans has been linked to amnesia and memory loss, characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Numerous studies indicate that the rodent hippocampus contributes significantly to long‐term memory for spatial and nonspatial information. For example, muscimol‐induced depression of CA1 neuronal activity in the dorsal hippocampus impairs the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of nonspatial object memory in mice. Here, a chemogenetic designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) approach was used to test the selective involvement of CA1 pyramidal neurons in memory retrieval for objects and for spatial location in a cohort of male C57BL/6J mice. Activation of the inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADDs receptor expressed in CA1 neurons significantly impaired the retrieval of object memory in the spontaneous object recognition task and of spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Silencing of CA1 neuronal activity in hM4Di‐expressing mice was confirmed by comparing Fos expression in vehicle‐ and clozapine‐N‐oxide‐treated mice after exploration of a novel environment. Histological analyses revealed that expression of the hM4Di receptor was limited to CA1 neurons of the dorsal hippocampus. These results suggest that a common subset of CA1 neurons (i.e., those expressing hM4Di receptors) in mouse hippocampus contributed to the retrieval of long‐term memory for nonspatial and spatial information. Our findings support the view that the contribution of the rodent hippocampus is like that of the primate hippocampus, specifically essential for global memory. Our results further validate mice as a suitable model system to study the neurobiological mechanisms of human episodic memory, but also in developing treatments and understanding the underlying causes of diseases affecting long‐term memory, such as Alzheimer's disease.
The tumor microenvironment drives NK cell metabolic dysfunction leading to impaired antitumor activity
Authors: Tumino Nicola , Nava Lauson Carina B. , Tiberti Silvia , Besi Francesca , Martini Stefania , Fiore Piera Filomena , Scodamaglia Francesca , Mingari Maria Cristina , Moretta Lorenzo , Manzo Teresa , Vacca Paola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNK cells represent key players capable of driving antitumor immune responses. However, the potent immunosuppressive activity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair their effector function. Here, we strengthen the importance of metabolic interactions between NK cells and TME and propose metabolic dysfunction as one of the major mechanisms behind NK failure in cancer treatment. In particular, we described that TME has a direct negative impact on NK cell function by disrupting their mitochondrial integrity and function in pediatric and adult patients with primary and metastatic cancer. Our results will help to design new strategies aimed at increasing the NK cell antitumor efficacy by their metabolic reprogramming. In this regard, we reveal an unprecedented role of IL15 in the metabolic reprogramming of NK cells enhancing their antitumor functions. IL15 prevents the inhibitory effect of soluble factors present in TME and restores both the metabolic characteristics and the effector function of NK cells inhibited by exposure to malignant pleural fluid. Thus, we propose here that IL15 may be exploited as a new strategy to metabolically reprogram NK cells with the aim of increasing the efficacy of NK‐based immunotherapy in a wide range of currently refractory adult and pediatric solid tumors.