bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contingent stimulus in crowdfunding
Authors: Du Longyuan , Hu Ming , Wu Jiahua 
Published: July 2022

Reward‐based crowdfunding is a form of innovative financing that allows project creators to raise funds from potential backers to start their ventures. A crowdfunding project is successfully funded if and only if the predetermined funding goal is achieved within a given time. We study the optimal timing of contingently placing a “fulcrum” in the random pledging process, with the potential of tilting it toward success, which would be a win‐win for the creator, backers, and platform. Specifically, we consider a model where backers arrive sequentially at a crowdfunding project. Upon arrival, a backer makes her pledging decision by taking into account the expected success of the project. We characterize the dynamics of the project's pledging process. We show that there exists a cascade effect on backers' pledging, which is mainly driven by the all‐or‐nothing nature of crowdfunding projects. According to our data collected from the most popular online crowdfunding platform, Kickstarter, the majority of projects fail to achieve their goals. To address this issue, we propose three contingent stimulus policies, namely, seeding, feature upgrade, and limited‐time offer. As a result of the cascade effect on backers' pledging, the optimal timing to apply stimulus policies has a cutoff‐time structure. Lastly, we show that the benefit of contingent policies is greatest in the middle of crowdfunding campaigns. Testing with the dataset of Kickstarter, we obtain empirical evidence that the projects' success rates improve by 14.6% on average with updates in the middle of the campaign and when the pledging progress is lagging.
Having the will, finding the ways, and wishes for the future: A model of relational hope and well‐being
Authors: Shimshock Claire J. , Le Bonnie M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHope is a ubiquitous experience in daily life and acts as a force to help individuals attain desired future outcomes. In the current paper, we review existing research on hope and its benefits. Building on this work, we propose a new model of hope in romantic relationships. Our model seeks to expand the study of hope, addressing limitations of past research by bringing hope into the interpersonal domain and adding a future‐oriented perspective. More specifically, we argue that relational hope encompasses three facets, including relational agency, relational pathways, and relational aspirations, or what we call the wills, ways, and wishes people have in their relationship. We outline specific ways that these three facets may promote well‐being in romantic relationships. First, we propose that relational agency—the motivation to achieve relational goals—fuels approach‐motivated goals, which in turn promotes higher quality relationships. Additionally, we posit that relational pathways—the perception of sufficient strategies to pursue relational goals—enhance self‐regulation to support effective communication and conflict management with a romantic partner. Finally, we propose that relational aspirations—the positive emotions felt in anticipation of future relationship outcomes—foster growth beliefs which in turn promote relationship maintenance and commitment over time. While our model posits that relational hope has many potential benefits for relationships, we also discuss key contexts in which hope may undermine relationships and well‐being. Overall, our proposed model of relational hope offers a new area of insight into how hope may shape well‐being in romantic relationships.
Extracting Skeletons of Two-Manifold Triangular Mesh Surface for Planning Skeleton-Guided Five-Axis Surface Inspection Path
Authors: Zhang Yang , Shen Yijun , Zhu Limin , Huang Nuodi , Hu Pengcheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Skeleton curve-guided five-axis sweep scanning is an emerging surface inspection technique with marvelous inspection efficiency. The precondition of applying such a technique to a complex surface is to extract the skeleton curves of a two-manifold surface associated with partitioning the surface into compact surfaces. However, the work on extracting skeletons of two-manifold triangle mesh surfaces is scarce, as existing skeletonization methods mostly focus on either 2D planar shapes or 3D solid shapes. In this paper, we present a new approach to extract the skeletons on a two-manifold triangle mesh with boundaries. The skeletons are formed in the most intuitive manner of wave front propagation which is based on computing the initial value problem of geodesics on a triangle mesh. The step-length of wave front propagation is adaptively controlled to guarantee the appropriate density of skeleton points for having good connectivity. Experiments show that, as a direct application of the proposed skeleton generation and its associated surface partitioning result, the five-axis sweep scanning path of complex free-form surface can be generated conveniently. Experimental results also validate that the computation of our proposed approach is simpler and faster than the state-of-the-art geodesic Voronoi diagram (GVD) method when most of the two-manifold triangle mesh is nearly planar. Additionally, the augmented parameter used for tracing the wave front’s geodesic propagation information is helpful for the skeleton-based surface partition, which is necessary for skeleton curve-guided five-axis sweep scanning.
On the Fabrication of Defect-Free Nickel-Rich Nickel–Titanium Parts Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Zhang Chen , Xue Lei , Atli Kadri C. , Arróyave Raymundo , Karaman Ibrahim , Elwany Alaa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) is an effective method of fabricating nickel–titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) with complex geometries, unique functional properties, and tailored material compositions. However, with the increase of Ni content in NiTi powder feedstock, the ability to produce high-quality parts is notably reduced due to the emergence of macroscopic defects such as warpage, elevated edge/corner, delamination, and excessive surface roughness. This study explores the printability of a nickel-rich NiTi powder, where printability refers to the ability to fabricate macro-defect-free parts. Specifically, single track experiments were first conducted to select key processing parameter settings for cubic specimen fabrication. Machine learning classification techniques were implemented to predict the printable space. The reliability of the predicted printable space was verified by further cubic specimens fabrication, and the relationship between processing parameters and potential macro-defect modes was investigated. Results indicated that laser power was critical to the printability of high Ni content NiTi powder. In the low laser power setting (P &lt; 100 W), the printable space was relatively wider with delamination as the main macro-defect mode. In the sub-high laser power condition (100 W ≤ P ≤ 200 W), the printable space was narrowed to a low hatch spacing region with macro-defects of warpage, elevated edge/corner, and delamination happened at different scanning speeds and hatch spacing combinations. The rough surface defect emerged when further increasing the laser power (P &gt; 200 W), leading to a further narrowed printable space.
Supplemental Material: Middle Miocene faulting and basin evolution during central Basin and Range extension: A detailed record from the upper Horse Spring Formation and red sandstone unit, Lake Mead region, Nevada, USA
Authors: Lamb M.A. , al. et 
Published: July 2022

<p>Item S1: Detailed methods used by the New Mexico Geochronology Research Laboratory at New Mexico Tech for the <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar and tephrochronologic analyses and additional data on the six new dates. Item S2: Detailed map of the Bitter Ridge and White Basin. Items S3–S8: Detailed measured sections and chronostratigraphic panels. </p>
Nutrition risk, physical activity and fibre intake are associated with body composition in OA: analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Chopp-Hurley Jaclyn N , Wiebenga Emily G , Keller Heather H , Maly Monica R 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveSarcopenic obesity is a key feature in osteoarthritis (OA). While ideal OA treatment involves physical activity and diet, how diet influences OA pathophysiology is unclear. We explored the associations between diet, nutrition risk and physical activity with body composition in older adults with OA.MethodsBaseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging data set were analysed. Participants with hip, knee, hand or multiple forms of OA were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Body composition measures (lean, fat and total masses (kg) and body fat percentage) were separate dependent variables. Regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between body composition with dietary intake (high calorie snack, fibre), nutrition risk (SCREEN II) and physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly).Results1596 participants were 66.5 (9.0) years old with a body mass index of 28.2 (5.3) kg/m2. Higher fibre cereal intake was associated with higher lean mass (unstandardised beta coefficient 0.5 (0.1, 0.9), p=0.02) and lower body fat percentage (−0.3 (−0.6, 0.0), p=0.046). Lower nutrition risk was associated with higher lean mass (0.1 (0.0, 0.1), p=0.03), lower fat mass (−0.05 (−0.1, 0.0), p=0.009) and lower body fat percentage (−0.1 (−0.1, 0.0), p<0.001). Higher physical activity was associated with higher lean mass (0.01 (0.01, 0.02), p<0.001), lower fat mass (−0.01 (0.0, 0.0), p=0.005) and lower body fat percentage (−0.01 (0.0, 0.0), p<0.001).ConclusionGreater physical activity and lower nutrition risk were associated with better body composition. While fibre intake was also associated body composition, the CIs were wide suggesting weak associations.
Adverse drug reactions, multimorbidity and polypharmacy: a prospective analysis of 1 month of medical admissions
Authors: Osanlou Rostam , Walker Lauren , Hughes Dyfrig A , Burnside Girvan , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo ascertain the burden and associated cost of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), polypharmacy and multimorbidity through a prospective analysis of all medical admissions to a large university teaching hospital over a 1-month period.DesignProspective observational study.SettingLiverpool University Hospital Foundation National Health Service (NHS) Trust, England.ParticipantsAll medical admissions with greater than 24-hour stay over a 1-month period.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of admissions due to an ADR and associated mortality, prevalence and association of multimorbidity and polypharmacy with ADRs, and estimated local financial cost of admissions where an ADR was a contributing or main reason for admission with projected costs for NHS in England.ResultsThere were 218 identified patient admissions with an ADR giving a prevalence of 18.4%. The majority of these (90.4%) were ADRs that directly resulted in or contributed to admission. ADRs thus accounted for 16.5% of total admissions. Those with an ADR were on average taking more medicines (10.5 vs 7.8, p<0.01) and had more comorbidities than those without an ADR (6.1 vs 5.2, p<0.01). Drugs most commonly implicated were diuretics, steroid inhalers, anticoagulants and antiplatelets, proton pump inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents and antihypertensives. 40.4% of ADRs were classified avoidable or possibly avoidable. The mortality rate due to an ADR was 0.34%. The average length of stay for those with an ADR was 6 days. Direct 1-month cost to the Trust from ADR admissions was £490 716. Extrapolated nationally, the projected annual cost to the NHS in England is 2.21 billion.ConclusionThe local prevalence of admission and mortality from ADRs is higher than previously reported. Important factors that could be contributing to this include polypharmacy and multimorbidity. ADRs place a significant burden on patients and healthcare services with associated financial implications. Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy should be a major aim for preventing ADRs.
Effect of folic acid supplementation on diminished ovarian reserve: study protocol of a single-centre, open-label, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liao Kaijun , Wang Yan , Zheng Ling , Lu Dongli , Wu Jiaxin , Wu Binjin , Wu Zhaochun , Jiang Zhenghua 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe prevalence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), a common gynaecological disorder, is approximately 10% across the world. Failure in early diagnosis and treatment may result in continuous decreases in ovarian function and the resultant loss in an opportunity of pregnancy, which greatly affects the happiness of the women’s family and women’s physical and mental health. Nevertheless, there has been no effective treatment for such a disorder until now. Folic acid, a member of the vitamin B family, is involved in one-carbon cycle and methylation regulation. It has been found that folic acid affects the whole period of pregnancy, and folic acid supplementation has shown effective to remarkably reduce the incidence of fetal neural tube defects and decrease plasma homocysteic acid levels, thereby resulting in a decline in the incidence of abortion. In addition, folic acid is reported to mediate ovarian functions. It is therefore hypothesised that folic acid may improve DOR.Methods and analysisA single-centre, open-label, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial is designed. We plan to recruit 140 women with DOR at ages of 30–35 years. All participants will be randomised into the folic acid group and placebo group, and each subject will be given a tablet with the same appearance daily for 6 months. The primary outcome is antral follicle count, and the secondary outcomes are ovarian reserve markers, ovarian low-dose stimulation responses and safety.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Nanping First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University on 10 February 2021 (approval number: NPSY202002042). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to randomisation, following a detailed description of the purpose of the study. The results of this clinical trial will be presented at scientific conferences and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100047410.
Creating an inexpensive hospital-wide surgical complication register for performance monitoring: a cohort study
Authors: Saarinen Ira H , Malmivaara Antti , Huhtala Heini , Kaipia Antti 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesBasic tools that measure a hospital’s performance are required in order to benchmark or compare hospitals, but multispecialty institutional registries are rarely reported, and there is no consensus on their standard definitions and methodology. This study aimed to describe the setting up and first results of a hospital-wide surgical complication register that uses a minimal set of patient-related risk factors based on bedside data and produces outcomes data based on severity of complications.DesignCohort study.SettingPerioperative data related to all adult surgical procedures in a tertiary referral centre in Finland for 3 years (2016–2018) were included in the study. Complications were recorded according to a modified Clavien-Dindo classification, and the preoperative risk factors were compiled based on the literature and coded as numerical measures. The associations of preoperative risk factors with postoperative complications were analysed using the χ2test or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsIn total, 19 158 operations were performed between 2016 and 2018. Data on complications (Clavien 0–9) were recorded for 4529 surgical patients (23.6%), and 779 complications were reported (Clavien 1–9), leading to an overall complication rate of 17.2%. Of these, 4.6% were graded as major (Clavien 4–7). Patient-related risk factors with the strongest association with complications were growing American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System score (p<0.001), growing Charlson Index (p<0.001), poor nutritional status (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002), p=0.041) and urgency of surgery (p<0.001).ConclusionsWe describe an inexpensive hospital-wide surgical complication monitoring system that can produce valid numerical data for monitoring risk-adjusted surgical quality. The results showed that only a few patient-related risk factors were sufficient to account for the case mix.
Study design and rationale for the TETON phase 3, randomised, controlled clinical trials of inhaled treprostinil in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Nathan Steven D , Behr Jurgen , Cottin Vincent , Lancaster Lisa , Smith Peter , Deng CQ , Pearce Natalie , Bell Heidi , Peterson Leigh , Flaherty Kevin R 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) greatly impacts quality of life and eventually leads to premature death from respiratory failure. Inhaled treprostinil was associated with improvements in forced vital capacity (FVC) and reduced exacerbations of underlying lung disease in post hoc analyses from a phase 3 study in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease. These results, combined with preclinical evidence of treprostinil’s antifibrotic activity, support its investigation in the treatment of IPF.Methods and analysisThe TETON programme consists of two replicate, 52-week, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies, each enrolling 396 subjects (NCT04708782,NCT05255991). Eligible subjects must have a diagnosis of IPF confirmed by central imaging review, along with an FVC ≥45%. Stable background use of pirfenidone or nintedanib is allowed. The primary endpoint is change in absolute FVC at week 52. Secondary endpoints include time to clinical worsening (first event of death, respiratory hospitalisation or ≥10% decline in % predicted FVC), time to first acute exacerbation of IPF, overall survival, change in % predicted FVC and change in the King’s Brief Interstitial Lung Disease Questionnaire at week 52. Safety parameters include adverse events, hospitalisations, oxygenation and laboratory parameters. Patients who complete week 52 will be eligible to enter an open-label extension study.Ethics and disseminationStudies will be conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation Guideline for Good Clinical Practice, Declaration of Helsinki principles, and local regulatory, ethical and legal requirements. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed publication.
Novel intravesical bacterial immunotherapy induces rejection of BCG-unresponsive established bladder tumors
Authors: Moreo Eduardo , Uranga Santiago , Picó Ana , Gómez Ana Belén , Nardelli-Haefliger Denise , del Fresno Carlos , Murillo Ingrid , Puentes Eugenia , Rodríguez Esteban , Vales-Gómez Mar , Pardo Julian , Sancho David , Martín Carlos , Aguilo Nacho 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIntravesical BCG is the gold-standard therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, it still fails in a significant proportion of patients, so improved treatment options are urgently needed.MethodsHere, we compared BCG antitumoral efficacy with another live attenuated mycobacteria, MTBVAC, in an orthotopic mouse model of bladder cancer (BC). We aimed to identify both bacterial and host immunological factors to understand the antitumoral mechanisms behind effective bacterial immunotherapy for BC.ResultsWe found that the expression of the BCG-absent proteins ESAT6/CFP10 by MTBVAC was determinant in mediating bladder colonization by the bacteria, which correlated with augmented antitumoral efficacy. We further analyzed the mechanism of action of bacterial immunotherapy and found that it critically relied on the adaptive cytotoxic response. MTBVAC enhanced both tumor antigen-specific CD4+and CD8+T-cell responses, in a process dependent on stimulation of type 1 conventional dendritic cells. Importantly, improved intravesical bacterial immunotherapy using MBTVAC induced eradication of fully established bladder tumors, both as a monotherapy and specially in combination with the immune checkpoint inhibitor antiprogrammed cell death ligand 1 (anti PD-L1).ConclusionThese results contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms behind successful bacterial immunotherapy against BC and characterize a novel therapeutic approach for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC cases.
Advance care planning and caregiver outcomes: intervention efficacy – systematic review
Authors: Malhotra Chetna , Huynh Vinh Anh , Shafiq Mahham , Batcagan-Abueg Ada Portia M 
Published: July 2022

ContextCaregivers make difficult end-of-life (EOL) decisions for patients, often adversely affecting their own psychological health. Understanding whether advance care planning (ACP) interventions benefit caregivers can enable healthcare systems to use these approaches to better support them.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and quantify the impacts of ACP interventions on caregiver outcomes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases for English-language randomised or cluster randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published until May 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence-Based Database Scale. We conducted a narrative synthesis for each outcome. Difference between arms with a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 3487 titles reviewed, 35 RCTs met eligibility; 68.6% were rated high quality. Included RCTs were heterogeneous in intervention characteristics, setting and disease. Meta-analysis of 17 RCTs showed that ACP had large and significant improvement in congruence in EOL care preferences between caregivers and patients (standardised mean difference 0.73, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.05). The effect of ACP on this outcome, however, declined over time. We also found some evidence that ACP improved bereavement outcomes (three of four RCTs), satisfaction with care quality/communication (four of the six RCTs), reduced decisional conflict (two of the two RCTs) and burden (one RCT). No study showed that mental health of caregivers were adversely affected.ConclusionThe review provides most comprehensive evidence about the efficacy of ACP on caregiver outcomes. Findings suggest some evidence of benefit of ACP on caregiver outcomes.
Testing exotic scalars with HiggsBounds
Authors: Bahl Henning , Lozano Victor Martin , Stefaniak Tim , Wittbrodt Jonas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe program is a well-established tool for testing Beyond-the-Standard Model (BSM) theories with an extended Higgs sector against experimental limits from collider searches at LEP, Tevatron and LHC. Thus far, it could be applied to any neutral or charged Higgs bosons originating from the modified Higgs sector. Implicitly, these particles were assumed to exhibit a somewhat hierarchical Yukawa structure as present in the Standard Model, where in particular the couplings to first generation fermions could be neglected. In this work, we extend the functionalities to go beyond these restrictions, thus making the code applicable to any neutral or charged BSM scalars. Moreover, we develop a new approach to implement experimental searches whose kinematic acceptance depends significantly on the values of the involved couplings. We achieve this by recasting the searches to general scalar models. Using this approach we incorporate relevant current experimental limits from LHC searches for exotic scalars, and present the implications of these limits for a dark matter scalar mediator model, a flipped Two-Higgs-Doublet Model and a supersymmetric model with R-parity violation.