bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stylistic humor across modalities
Authors: Piata Anna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper is concerned with ‘Classical Art Memes’, a category of internet memes that distinctively derives its visual input from classical and medieval art. I specifically show that humor in Classical Art Memes arises from incongruity among different stylistic varieties, namely a colloquial linguistic expression in the text and a classical-style artwork in the image. Given that stylistic incongruity cross-cuts modalities, I further argue that Classical Art Memes make a case for what I call ‘multimodal stylistic humor’. The analysis is based on a small corpus of when-memes, whereby the image complements a when-clause. The findings of the study suggest that humor in Classical Art Memes serves to convey affective meanings that emerge from the embodied affect in the image that is textually recontextualized in contemporary terms. Such meanings ultimately convey a critical commentary on knowable features of modern life.
Cereal-legume cropping systems for enhanced productivity, food security, and resilience.
Authors: Chikowo Regis , Chirwa Rowland , Snapp Sieglinde 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This chapter presents four approaches to the integration of legumes (such as soyabean, groundnut, and cowpea) in maize-dominated systems, through intercropping, efficient spatial arrangements, and legume-cereal sequences: (i) grain legume-maize rotations for increased yield stability on smallholder farms, (ii) 'doubled-up' legume technology for soil fertility maintenance and human nutrition, (iii) innovative maize-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) intercropping and fertilizer application for improved productivity, (iv) targeted cropping sequences (rotations adapted to farm size limitations and farmer goals) and associated elements for sustainable intensification on small farms. The first three technologies are based specifically on legumes that smallholder farmers can introduce to increase the productivity of their farms. The fourth demonstrates how different legume-based technologies can be integrated on farms with different resources, allowing farmers to diversify and intensify their production in a sustainable manner.
Improved technologies for reducing post-harvest losses.
Authors: Mutungi Christopher , Abass Adebayo , Fischer Gundula , Kotu Bekele 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

This chapter outlines several post-harvest loss reduction technologies validated by the Africa RISING program that will improve the efficacy of drying, threshing, and storage operations, and gives evidence of their potential impact. The chapter also provides evidence on the cumulative benefits of combining all three technologies.
Non-gravitational force measurement and correction by a precision inertial sensor of TianQin-1 satellite
Authors: Zhou An-Nan , Cai Lin , Xiao Chun-Yu , Tan Ding-Yin , Li Hong-Yin , Bai Yan-Zheng , Zhou Ze-Bing , Luo Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Non-gravitational force models are critical not only for the applications of satellite orbit determination and prediction, but also for the studies of gravitational reference sensors in space-based gravitational wave detection missions and accelerometers in gravity satellite missions. In this paper, based on the inertial sensor data from the TianQin-1 (TQ-1) mission, a correction has been made in the non-gravitational force models by applying additional terms related to the orbital periods. After taking into account this correction, about 37 hours of TQ-1 inertial sensor data is calibrated in the sensitive axes, i.e. y- and z-axes, by comparing with the simulated non-gravitational accelerations. It is indicated that the peak-to-peak value of the non-gravitational acceleration correction terms are about 2% and 13% of the measured accelerations in the y- and z-axes, respectively. Within the frequency band below 0.01 Hz, the root mean square of calibration residual errors in y- and z-axes are suppressed from 1.03 × 10−9 and 3.872 × 10−9 m s−2 to 8.14 × 10−10 and 1.343 × 10−9 m s−2, respectively. The bias and scale factor of the inertial sensor are also obtained from the calibration by the method of least-squares fit. Meanwhile, the inertial sensor measurements are validated and their signal compositions are analyzed.
Development of 4D-printed shape memory polymer large-stroke XY micropositioning stages
Authors: Cheah Dik Son , Alshebly Yousif Saad , Mohamed Ali Mohamed Sultan , Nafea Marwan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents two novel large-stroke XY micropositioning stages that are fabricated completely using four-dimensional (4D) printed polylactic acid (PLA). The proposed designs do not require manual training to perform actuation. Instead, printing speed is used to achieve shape programming and manipulate the deformation and shrinking levels of the PLA microactuators that control the microstage. A relationship between the printing speed, number of layers, and deformation value is formulated to model the performance of the microactuators based on these variables. The same approach is then used to develop the two proposed designs in this work. One-way actuations in the x- and y-axes are achieved using PLA actuators that are printed at speeds in the range of 40–80 mm s−1, while the rest of the structure (passive part) is printed at a speed of 10 mm s−1 to minimize unwanted deformations. The microactuators are activated by immersing the designs in hot water at 85 °C. The maximum values of the x- and y-actuations are achieved when using the highest printing speed for the microactuators. Design 1 offers actuation values of 1.99 and 1.40 mm along the x- and y-axes, respectively, while these values are 1.76 and 2.30 mm when using Design 2. The proposed designs offer a cost-effective batch fabrication solution for micropositioning applications, where the weight of the PLA required for Design 1 and Design 2 is 48.37 g and 12.61 g, respectively, which respectively costs $0.65 and $0.17. The performance of the x- and y-axes actuations show repeatable results with standard deviation values of 0.062 and 0.050 for Designs 1, and 0.054 and 0.047 for Design 2, respectively. Moreover, the standard deviation of the reproducibility of the x- and y-axes actuations are 0.064 and 0.051 for Designs 1, and 0.054 and 0.048 for Design 2, respectively. In addition, the designs offer a promising performance compared to the currently available large-stroke micropositioning stages in terms of the simplicity of the fabrication process and the area ratio.
Vortex lattices in binary Bose–Einstein condensates: collective modes, quantum fluctuations, and intercomponent entanglement
Authors: Yoshino Takumi , Furukawa Shunsuke , Ueda Masahito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study binary Bose–Einstein condensates subject to synthetic magnetic fields in mutually parallel or antiparallel directions. Within the mean-field theory, the two types of fields have been shown to give the same vortex-lattice phase diagram. We develop an improved effective field theory to study properties of collective modes and ground-state intercomponent entanglement. Here, we point out the need to introduce renormalized coupling constants for coarse-grained densities. We show that the low-energy excitation spectra for the two types of fields are related to each other by suitable rescaling with the renormalized coupling constants. By calculating the entanglement entropy, we find that for an intercomponent repulsion (attraction), the two components are more strongly entangled in the case of parallel (antiparallel) fields, in qualitative agreement with recent studies for a quantum (spin) Hall regime. We also find that the entanglement spectrum exhibits an anomalous square-root dispersion relation, which leads to a subleading logarithmic term in the entanglement entropy. All of these are confirmed by numerical calculations based on the Bogoliubov theory with the lowest-Landau-level approximation. Finally, we investigate the effects of quantum fluctuations on the phase diagrams by calculating the correction to the ground-state energy due to zero-point fluctuations in the Bogoliubov theory. We find that the boundaries between rhombic-, square-, and rectangular-lattice phases shift appreciably with a decrease in the filling factor.
Helicity dependent Wigner phase shift for photoionization in a circularly polarized laser field
Authors: Wang Run , Zhang Qingbin , Cao Chuanpeng , Li Min , Liu Kunlong , Lu Peixiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity of strong-field ionization to atomic orbital helicity has attracted much attention from physicists, due to its potential application in attosecond spectroscopy and spintronics. In order to intuitively observe the physical mechanisms of helicity-dependent ionization rates during photoionization, the concept of the Wigner phase can be used to characterize the different interactions between the rotating electrons and the Coulomb potential. Here, we find that in both one- and three-photon ionization schemes, the electrons liberated more easily by the circularly polarized laser field suffer less influence of the Coulomb potential during the propagation and then accumulate less Winger phase. This result indicates that the strength of the interaction between the rotating electrons and the Coulomb potential can explain the helicity-dependent ionization for different ionization mechanisms universally, which is also supported by our classical ensemble analysis. Our work provides an intuitive perspective towards the physics picture of ionization propensity rules.
Ionization by electron impacts and ionization potential depression
Authors: Benredjem Djamel , Pain Jean-Christophe , Calisti Annette , Ferri Sandrine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We calculate the cross-section of ionization by free-electron impacts in high or moderate density plasmas. We show that the so-called ionization potential depression (IPD) strongly affects the magnitude of the cross-section in the high-density domain. We use the well-known IPD formulas of Stewart–Pyatt and Ecker–Kröll. A more recent approach based on classical molecular dynamics simulation is also investigated. The latter provides an alternative way to calculate IPD values. At near-solid densities the effects of the free-electron degeneracy should be investigated. The rates are then calculated within the Fermi–Dirac statistics. We first use the semi-empirical formula of Lotz for ionization cross-section. The results may differ significantly from measured cross-sections or calculations with reliable atomic codes. Then, in a second step, we propose a new formula that combines the Lotz formula and a polynomial expansion in terms of the ratio of the energy of the incident electron and the ionization energy. The coefficients of the polynomial expansion are adjusted to fit the cross-section provided by robust atomic codes. A great advantage of the new formula is that it allows a fully analytical calculation of the ionization rate. Our results are compared to experiments measuring IPDs, cross-sections and rate coefficients on aluminum at high and moderate densities and on Be-like CNO ions.
CASPPNet: a chained atrous spatial pyramid pooling network for steel defect detection
Authors: Zheng Zhouzhou , Hu Yaohua , Zhang Yan , Yang Huanbo , Qiao Yichen , Qu Zhanghao , Huang Yuxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Automatic machine vision-based defect detection has been successfully applied to many industrial visual inspection applications. However, automatic steel surface defect detection is still a challenging task due to diverse defect categories, low-contrast between defect and complex texture background. To address these challenges, a chained atrous spatial pyramid pooling network (CASPPNet) is proposed for steel surface defect detection. In CASPPNet, chained atrous spatial pyramid pooling is designed to enlarge receptive field and obtain enrich semantic information. An improved global attention feature fusion module is introduced to achieve feature interaction and salience. Moreover, residual boundary refinement block is introduced to get more complete defect boundary. Comparative experimental results verify that our method is superior to the state-of-the-art segmentation methods on public accessible SD-saliency-900 datasets and can meet the requirement of real-time online detection (the detection efficiency is at over 47 FPS on a single GPU).
Magnetohydrodynamic dynamo effect from electrostatic drift velocity field on sustainment of reversed field pinch plasmas in three-dimensional KTX equilibrium
Authors: Zu Yiming , Mao Wenzhe , Liu Jinmao , Liu Haifeng , Zhang Shoubiao , Lan Tao , Li Hong , Xie Jinlin , Liu Adi , Zhou Chu , Xu Yuhong , Ding Weixing , Zhuang Ge , Liu Wandong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A dynamo is necessary for reversed field pinch (RFP) configuration sustainment in a continuous way or oscillation cycles by self-organization. A dynamo velocity field from electrostatic drift is studied in three-dimensional (3D) equilibrium for Keda Torus eXperiment RFP plasmas in quasi-multi-helical (QMH) and quasi-single-helical (QSH) states. The 3D equilibrium reconstruction is computed by VMEC code. It is found that the electrostatic potential provides helical modulation of plasma flow in QSH states. The electrostatic potential in QMH states is processed as a superposition of limited helical harmonics, and it shows an axisymmetric pattern. Non-axisymmetric components are negligible in QMH states because of flux surface averaging of the electrostatic field and corresponding electrostatic drift flow. The electrostatic drift velocity is comparable to the total plasma drift in QSH states; this implies that the electrostatic drift may play an important role in sustaining the helical configuration in RFP plasma.
Mechanical properties of novel folded kirigami metamaterials under quasi-static compression
Authors: Li Bangzheng , Huang Zhixin , Lin Yongshui , Kang Xiao , Li Ying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Origami and kirigami are effective approaches to fabricate lightweight cellular metamaterials with extraordinary mechanical properties. However, the novel designs of such metamaterials are still limited. In this paper, a novel metamaterial similar to typical Kelvin foams is proposed and fabricated via origami and kirigami methods, and its mechanical properties are investigated. Quasi-static compression tests are first conducted to analyze the deformation characteristics and stress–strain responses. Numerical simulations are then carried out to simulate the tests. Furthermore, two methods including adjusting the wall thickness and introducing openings are adopted to alter the relative density of the metamaterials, and their influences on the plateau stress and specific energy absorption (SEA) are explored. Finally, analytical studies are conducted to predict the plateau stress, and good agreement between the analytical, numerical, and experimental results are obtained. The results reveal that the kinetic energy is primarily dissipated by unfolding the constitutive elements along the creases, and three typical stages of linear-like elastic, plateau, and densification are generated in the stress–strain curves. Increasing the wall thickness significantly improves the plateau stress and SEA. Introducing smaller openings has minor influences on the plateau stress, while the stress level drops remarkably when the opening size exceeds a critical value. By adopting an appropriate opening size, the increment of the SEA can be up to 29% in comparison with non-opening counterparts. The findings of the present study provide an alternative to fabricating cellular materials with outstanding performance.
Trapped magnetic field distribution above a superconducting linear Halbach array
Authors: Houbart M , Fagnard J-F , Dular J , Dennis A R , Namburi D K , Durrell J H , Geuzaine C , Vanderheyden B , Vanderbemden P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In applications requiring a large magnetic force, permanent magnets with non-parallel magnetization directions can be assembled in a Halbach array to generate a large gradient of magnetic flux density. The saturation magnetization of permanent magnets, however, brings a fundamental limit on the performance of this configuration. In the present work, we investigate experimentally the assembly of cuboid bulk, large grain melt-textured YBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

superconductors (

∼

14
×
14
×
14

mm3) with orthogonal c-axes so as to form a basic unit of Halbach array. The experiments are carried out at 77 K. The experimental distribution of the magnetic flux density above the array of trapped-field superconductors is compared to a similar array made of permanent magnets. A simple analytical model is developed and is shown to accurately reproduce the main experimental observations. The results suggest that a redistribution occurs in the current flowing in the central sample when the distance between the superconductors is reduced, whereas the neighbouring superconductors are unaffected. It is shown that this current redistribution yields a reduced contribution of the central sample to the magnetic flux density above the centre of the array and a new negative contribution associated with stray fields to the magnetic flux density at this location. This interpretation is confirmed by modelling of the distribution of transport currents in the superconductor using a 3D finite element model.
Infinitesimal reference frames suffice to determine the asymmetry properties of a quantum system
Authors: Alexander Rhea , Gvirtz-Chen Si , Jennings David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Symmetry principles are fundamental in physics, and while they are well understood within Lagrangian mechanics, their impact on quantum channels has a range of open questions. The theory of asymmetry grew out of information-theoretic work on entanglement and quantum reference frames, and allows us to quantify the degree to which a quantum system encodes coordinates of a symmetry group. Recently, a complete set of entropic conditions was found for asymmetry in terms of correlations relative to infinitely many quantum reference frames. However, these conditions are difficult to use in practice and their physical implications unclear. In the present theoretical work, we show that this set of conditions has extensive redundancy, and one can restrict to reference frames forming any closed surface in the state space that has the maximally mixed state in its interior. This in turn implies that asymmetry can be reduced to just a single entropic condition evaluated at the maximally mixed state. Contrary to intuition, this shows that we do not need macroscopic, classical reference frames to determine the asymmetry properties of a quantum system, but instead infinitesimally small frames suffice. Building on this analysis, we provide simple, closed conditions to estimate the minimal depolarization needed to make a given quantum state accessible under channels covariant with any given symmetry group.
Wide-range T
2 resistivity and umklapp scattering in moiré graphene
Authors: Ishizuka Hiroaki , Levitov Leonid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We argue that the unusually strong electron–electron interactions in the narrow bands in moiré superlattices originate from compact Wannier orbitals. Enhanced overlaps of electronic wavefunctions, enabled by such orbitals, result in a strong el–el superlattice umklapp scattering. We identify the umklapp scattering processes as a source of the strong temperature-dependent resistivity observed in these systems. In a simple model, the umklapp scattering predicts a T-dependent resistivity that grows as T
2 with a numerical prefactor that grows as the Wannier orbital radius decreases. We quantify the enhancement in el–el scattering by the Kadowaki–Woods (KW) ratio, a quantity that is sensitive to umklapp scattering but, helpfully, insensitive to the effects due to the high density of electronic states. Our analysis predicts anomalously large KW ratio values that clearly indicate the importance of the umklapp el–el processes and their impact on the T-dependent resistivity.
Detection of glucose concentration using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on barium titanate layers and molybdenum disulphide sheets
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H M , Taya Sofyan A , Daher Malek G , Colak Ilhami , Wu Feng , Patel Shobhit K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Diabetes is rapidly becoming a serious and life-threatening disease. It affects 415 million persons worldwide and is a leading cause of death among those aged 20 to 59. It is essential to develop a rapid-detection, accurate and sensitive glucose detector. In this work, a biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed theoretically for the detection of glucose concentration. To realize higher sensitivity, the proposed SPR sensor contains a barium titanate layer placed between the metal (Ag) thin film and the molybdenum disulphide layer. Barium titanate material shows notable dielectric properties, such as low loss and a high index of refraction. It is expected to give a large shift in the resonance angle caused by a tiny change in the analyte refractive index. By optimizing the thicknesses of barium titanate and Ag and the number of molybdenum disulphide layers, the proposed biosensor can exhibit an ultra-high sensitivity of 307.36 deg RIU−1. The extremely high sensitivity makes the proposed SPR-based biosensor encouraging to be used in many fields of biosensing.
Collimation and monochromaticity of γ-rays generated by high-energy electron colliding with tightly focused circularly polarized laser with varied intensities
Authors: Chang Yifan , Wang Chang , Wang Yubo , Long Zhaonan , Zeng Zirui , Tian Youwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The collision of high-energy electron and laser pulses produces nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering, which can generate γ-rays. We study the effect of laser intensity on the energy angular distribution and spectrum of γ-ray radiation in tightly focused pulses. The γ-rays at non-relativistic intensity have good collimation and monochromaticity, and the radiation energy increases with the laser intensity. The ‘jumping point’ phenomenon of radiation energy variation under relativistic intensity and the ‘black hole’ of energy angular distribution were discovered. As the laser intensity increases, there is a red shift in the radiative harmonic spectrum. And at relativistic intensity, supercontinuum (tunable) γ-rays can be obtained. These findings help us use NITS for optical research.