bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio–Temporal Variation of Chlorophyll, Nutrients and Productivity in Lagos Lagoon, Lagos Nigeria Using Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Adewoyin J. E. , Olaifa F. E. , Akintunde-Alo D. A. , Kappo A. , Muibi K. H. 
Published: December 2022

Spatio–temporal variation in Chlorophyll, Nutrients and Primary Productivity of some selected sampling stations in Lagos lagoon were investigated using conventional method from November 2019 to July 2020, in order to compare the result with data from satellite image using MODIS Aqua. Global Positioning Receiver was used to capture the geographic coordinates of the sampling stations. Water sampling was carried out monthly using standard methods during wet and dry seasons. The observed data were subjected to statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20. In wet season, the highest mean value for Chlorophyll a (1.15±0.02 µg/L) was recorded in Ofin while the lowest values (0.06±0.01 µg/L) was observed in Okobaba. During the dry season, the highest mean value (0.75±0.10 µg/L) was in Ofin while the lowest mean value (0.27±0.0.08 µg/L) was recorded in Ibeshe. The MODIS satellite variation in chlorophyll-a showed that the highest value of highest recorded value (1.37±0.00 µg/L) was in wet season (Ijede) while the lowest value (0.12±0.01 µg/L) was observed in dry season (Okobaba). The highest transparency value (0.97±0.01 mg/L) was recorded in dry season (Ofin) while the lowest value (0.35±0.25 mg/L) was recorded in wet season (Oworonsoki). The highest mean value of Surface Sea temperature was recorded in the dry season of Apapa (30.28±1.15oC) while the lowest mean value (26.41±1.15oC) was observed in Okobaba in the wet season. The chlorophyll-a concentration analyzed using standard method and MODIS satellite, in both dry and wet seasons in the sampled stations differ greatly from one another in terms of the mean concentration. The primary productivity of Lagos Lagoon was relatively low, with no significant spatial variations between sampling stations. The results of sea surface temperature, transparency and chlorophyll ‘a’ estimation from the MODIS revealed that the values were positively correlated with laboratory result with r2-value of 0.67, 0.80 and 0.77. This indicates that MODIS data and laboratory results generated for Lagos Lagoon were positively related.
Profitability Assessment of Sprinkler Irrigated Maize Production in Semi-Arid area of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Bashir Ali Umar , Muhammed Goni, , Isah M. A. , Ngala Adam Lawan 
Published: December 2022

Water has been identified as one of the scarce inputs, which can severely restrict agricultural production and productivity unless it is carefully conserved and managed. Increasing the adoption of irrigation technology is an important requirement for increasing Nigeria’s agricultural productivity. Farmers use the furrow irrigation method and fixed irrigation interval schedule for maize production in this region. The irrigation method used by the farmers has become unsustainable due to low yield, low water use efficiency, low quality of maize kernels and low net farm income. Thus, there is a growing gap between the demand for maize and its production to meet the food requirement for the growing population. The aim of this study was to determine the profitability of sprinkler irrigation method for maize production in semi-arid environment of Nigeria. Two field experiments were conducted in the 2014 and 2015 seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Borno State which is located in the semi-arid region of Northern Nigeria. The sprinkler irrigation system used consisted of a reservoir, mainline and six laterals spaced 12 meters apart. Each treatment was irrigated using two laterals and each lateral has a control valve for regulating the flow of water. Each lateral consisted of three double nozzle sprinklers spaced 6 meters apart along the lateral. The diameters of the mainline and the laterals were 101.6 and 31.75mm respectively. The area irrigated by the sprinkler system was cleared and marked out into plots of sizes 12m2. Scheduling was on the use of tensiometer, pan evaporation and fixed irrigation interval. Irrigation was conducted in the plots monitored by the tensiometer whenever the trigger level of 30cb is reached. The crops were irrigated at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio for optimum yield based on the evaporation pan method. The profitability analysis result revealed that Sprinkler irrigation was found to be a profitable irrigation method for maize production with net farm income of $460.8 and benefit cost ratio of 1.99. Based on the results, it is recommended that farmers in the semi-arid region of Nigeria should use the sprinkler irrigation method for improved maize production.
The Likelihood of the Saudi Population to Accept Covid-19 Vaccine
Authors: Alshehri Abdulaziz Jaber , Alqorashi Amani Mohammad , Felemban Bahaa Ali , Alsayed Fahad Oudah , Bagazi Ghadah Omar , Shalabi Maram , Aldousari Mohammed Mefleh , Almohammadi Nehad Abdul Rahman , Almuwallad Meshal Abdulrahman , Hamzi Samirah Hassan , Almawardi Souad Ayman 
Published: December 2022

Background: The global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has threatened public health systems and aggravated international economic situations. The study investigated the different factors affecting the feasibility of Saudi intention to take Covid-19 Vaccines. A Cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire from February 2021 to April 2021.
Results: Most respondents would wear a face mask during all activities with a positive attitude toward using hand sanitizers to prevent COVID-19. Most respondents (88.8%) still needed to be vaccinated, and less than half of them stated that they have a family member or a close relative who got immunized (43.4%), the acceptance of vaccination if the vaccine is generally available was 64.4%. More than half of the respondents agreed about the vaccine’s safety while 34.8% stated having fears about the vaccine.
Conclusion: The participants have proper information about the Covid-19 pandemic, preventive measures, and the role of vaccines in preventing the spread of the disease with a high acceptance rate of vaccines and low levels of fear regarding the side effects of the vaccines.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 During the First 4 Waves in Zambia
Authors: Minchella Peter A. , Chanda Duncan , Hines Jonas Z. , Fwoloshi Sombo , Itoh Megumi , Kampamba Davies , Chirwa Robert , Sivile Suilanji , Zyambo Khozya D. , Agolory Simon , Mulenga Lloyd B. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceFew epidemiologic studies related to COVID-19 have emerged from countries in Africa, where demographic characteristics, epidemiology, and health system capacity differ from other parts of the world.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to COVID-19 treatment centers, assess risk factors for in-hospital death, and explore how treatment center admissions were affected by COVID-19 waves in Zambia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study assessed patients admitted to COVID-19 treatment centers in 5 Zambian cities between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2022.ExposuresRisk factors for in-hospital mortality, including patient age and severity of COVID-19, at treatment center admission.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatient information was collected, including inpatient disposition (discharged or died). Differences across and within COVID-19 waves were assessed. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess associations between risk factors and in-hospital mortality as well as between characteristics of admitted patients and timing of admission.ResultsA total of 3876 patients were admitted during 4 COVID-19 waves (mean [SD] age, 50.6 [19.5] years; 2103 male [54.3%]). Compared with the first 3 waves (pooled), the proportion of patients who were 60 years or older admitted during wave 4, when the Omicron variant was circulating, was significantly lower (250 of 1009 [24.8%] vs 1116 of 2837 [39.3%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Factors associated with in-hospital mortality included older age (≥60 vs &amp;lt;30 years; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.55; 95% CI, 2.34-5.52) and HIV infection (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.79). Within waves, patients who were admitted during weeks 5 to 9 had significantly higher odds of being 60 years or older (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.79-2.45) or having severe COVID-19 at admission (aOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 2.14-2.90) than those admitted during the first 4 weeks.Conclusions and RelevanceThe characteristics of admitted patients during the Omicron wave and risk factors for in-hospital mortality in Zambia reflect data reported elsewhere. Within-wave analyses revealed a pattern in which it appeared that admission of higher-risk patients was prioritized during periods when there were surges in demand for health services during COVID-19 waves. These findings support the need to expand health system capacity and improve health system resiliency in Zambia and other countries with resource-limited health systems.
Analysis of Human Leukocyte Antigen DR Alleles, Immune-Related Adverse Events, and Survival Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use Among Patients With Advanced Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Akturk Halis Kaan , Couts Kasey L. , Baschal Erin E. , Karakus Kagan E. , Van Gulick Robert J. , Turner Jacqueline A. , Pyle Laura , Robinson William A. , Michels Aaron W. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceTreatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has increased survival in patients with advanced malignant melanoma but can be associated with a wide range of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–DR alleles in conferring irAE risk has not been well studied.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between irAEs and treatment response, survival, and the presence of HLA-DR alleles after ICI therapy in advanced melanoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study used the patient registry and biobanked samples from the tertiary referral University of Colorado Cancer Center. Specimens and clinical data were collected between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021. Patients with advanced (stage III unresectable and stage IV) melanoma who received ICI therapy (n = 132) were included in the analysis.ExposuresImmune checkpoint inhibitors (anti–cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, anti–programmed cell death protein 1 or its ligand, or the combination) for the treatment of advanced melanoma.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe association between irAEs and response to therapy, survival, and HLA-DR alleles.ResultsAmong the cohort of 132 patients with advanced melanoma (mean [SD] age, 63.4 [7.2] years; 85 men [64%] and 47 women [36%]) treated with ICIs, 73 patients had at least 1 irAE and 59 did not have an irAE. Compared with patients without an irAE, patients with an irAE had higher treatment response rates (50 of 72 [69%] vs 28 of 57 [49%]; P = .02) and increased survival (median, 4.8 [IQR, 0.2-9.6] vs 3.2 [IQR, 0.1-9.2] years; P = .02). Specific HLA-DR alleles were associated with the type of irAE that developed: 7 of 10 patients (70%) who developed type 1 diabetes had DR4; 6 of 12 (50%) who developed hypothyroidism had DR8; 5 of 8 (63%) who developed hypophysitis had DR15; 3 of 5 (60%) who developed pneumonitis had DR1; and 8 of 15 (53%) who developed hepatitis had DR4.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that IrAEs are associated with treatment response rates and increased survival after ICI therapy for advanced melanoma. Because distinct HLA-DR alleles are associated with given adverse events, HLA genotyping before ICI therapy may aid in identifying risk for specific irAEs that could develop with such treatment.
Si/SiO2@Graphene Superstructures for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Yiru , Qu Huiqi , Wang Wenna , Yu Yueqin , Zhang Xinghao , Li Bin , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe superstructure composed of various functional building units is promising nanostructure for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) anodes with extreme volume change and structure instability, such as silicon‐based materials. Here, a top‐down route to fabricate Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure is demonstrated through reducing silicalite‐1 with magnesium reduction and depositing carbon layers. The successful formation of superstructure lies on the strong 3D network formed by the bridged‐SiO2 matrix coated around silicon nanoparticles. Furthermore, the mesoporous Si/SiO2 with amorphous bridged SiO2 facilitates the deposition of graphene layers, resulting in excellent structural stability and high ion/electron transport rate. The optimized Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure anode delivers an outstanding cycling life for ≈1180 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 over 500 cycles, excellent rate capability for ≈908 mAh g−1 at 12 A g−1, great areal capacity for ≈7 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, and extraordinary mechanical stability. A full cell test using LiFePO4 as the cathode manifests a high capacity of 134 mAh g−1 after 290 loops. More notably, a series of technologies disclose that the Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure electrode can effectively maintain the film between electrode and electrolyte in LIBs. This design of Si/SiO2@graphene superstructure elucidates a promising potential for commercial application in high‐performance LIBs.
Co‐Polymer Carrier with Dual Advantages of Cartilage‐Penetrating and Targeting Improves Delivery and Efficacy of MicroRNA Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhao Yipu , Deng Xudong , Tan Shenxing , Zhang Jie , Han Jiangfan , Wang Xue , Pei Jiawei , Li Hui , Deng Xiaoni , Yin Chong , Yin Dachuan , Tian Ye , Qian Airong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease affecting nearly 400 million people with no efficient etiological therapies. OA is primarily identified by cartilage destruction, and gradual degeneration of the whole joint would happen when the OA progresses. Hence, cartilage has been identified as the primary therapeutic target of OA. Unfortunately, numerous barriers block the delivery of therapeutic agents into cartilage, including avascular traits and high hardness of the extracellular matrix. Herein, a cartilage‐targeting peptide (CAP) modified polyvinylamine (PVAm)‐ poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer (CAP‐PVAm‐PLGA) is designed, which can form spherical nanoparticles with the r‐miR‐140 (CPP‐NPs). CPP‐NPs possessed enhanced mechanical properties due to the introduction of PLGA to vehicles. Meanwhile, CAP endowed the cartilage targeting which facilitated CPP‐NPs localization in cartilage. With such dual advantages, CPP‐NPs exhibited outstanding penetrability and accumulation in cartilage even subchondral bone, and can penetrate to a depth of 1000 µm into human cartilage. The degeneration area of cartilage is reduced by 65% and synovial inflammation score by 80% in OA mice, and the microarchitecture of subchondral bone is also ameliorated. These studies established a promising platform for therapeutic RNA delivery in OA therapy that overcame the cartilage barriers.
Molecular Electronics: Creating and Bridging Molecular Junctions and Promoting Its Commercialization
Authors: Li Tianming , Bandari Vineeth Kumar , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMolecular electronics is driven by the dream of expanding Moore's law to the molecular level for next‐generation electronics through incorporating individual or ensemble molecules into electronic circuits. For nearly 50 years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the intrinsic properties of molecules and develop diverse fascinating molecular electronic devices with the desired functionalities. The flourishing of molecular electronics is inseparable from the development of various elegant methodologies for creating nanogap electrodes and bridging the nanogap with molecules. This review first focuses on the techniques for making lateral and vertical nanogap electrodes by breaking, narrowing, and fixed modes, and highlights their capabilities, applications, merits, and shortcomings. After summarizing the approaches of growing single molecules or molecular layers on the electrodes, the methods of constructing a complete molecular circuit are comprehensively grouped into three categories: 1) directly bridging one‐molecule–electrode component with another electrode, 2) physically bridging two‐molecule–electrode components, and 3) chemically bridging two‐molecule–electrode components. Finally, the current state of molecular circuit integration and commercialization is discussed and perspectives are provided, hoping to encourage the community to accelerate the realization of fully scalable molecular electronics for a new era of integrated microsystems and applications.
Tamm‐Plasmon Exciton‐Polaritons in Single‐Monolayered CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots at Room Temperature
Authors: Yen Meng‐Cheng , Lee Chia‐Jung , Yao Yung‐Chi , Chen Yuan‐Ling , Wu Sheng‐Chan , Hsu Hsu‐Cheng , Kajino Yuto , Lin Gong‐Ru , Tamada Kaoru , Lee Ya‐Ju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConstructing polaritonic devices in monolithic, ultra‐compact photonic architectures with monolayer‐featured exciton‐emitters is decisive to exploit the coherent superposition between entangled photonic and excitonic eigenstates for potential realizations of optical nonlinearities, macroscopic condensations, and superfluidity. Here, a feasible strategy for exciton‐polariton formations is demonstrated by implementing a Tamm‐plasmon (TP) polaritonic device with the active material composed of single‐monolayered perovskite (CsPbBr3) quantum dots (QDs). The metallic character of the TP configuration is able to concentrate its resonance mode into a confined region beyond the diffraction limit, which highly overlaps, both spatially and spectrally, with the single‐monolayered CsPbBr3 QDs embedded inside. The mode volume of the device is hence reduced dramatically, leading to an enhanced light–matter coupling strength for the polaritonic emission at room temperature. In particular, it is found that the dispersion relation of the TP polaritonic device is tunable by detuning the excitonic and photonic eigenmodes and that the polariton–polariton interaction energy is strongly dependent on the polariton's spin state. The presented strategy is a determinant step toward the realization of strong light–matter coupling and polariton spintronics in the CsPbBr3 QDs with a single‐monolayered feature.
Microneedle Sensors for Multiplex Applications: Toward Advanced Biomedical and Environmental Analysis
Authors: Omar Rawan , Zheng Youbin , Wang Jing , Haick Hossam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicroneedles (MNs) are versatile tiny devices that have attracted interest in various fields including medicine, environment, food and agriculture due to their unique properties, such as low‐cost, simplicity, pain‐free application and minimally invasive penetration, therapeutic efficacy, biosensing ability, and biocompatibility. These properties along with the MNs distinctive geometry including dimension control, material type and fabrication techniques have enabled the optimization of MNs based on each desired application. This review summarizes the latest advances in MN‐based sensors in a variety of fields and provides a bird's eye view over the wide range of applications, starting from material and fabrication techniques to advanced sensor types in the biomedical and environmental fields for both sensing and treatment, and showing the profound advantages of this emerging tool in clinical and sustainable fields.
Metal Halides Based Flexible X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Wang Shuo , Chen HuanYu , Jin Zhiwen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, metal halides (MH) flexible X‐ray detectors have attracted remarkable research interest owing to their great potential for non‐planar imaging, which can eliminate imaging ghosting caused by the misfit between the detector and the object. In this review, recent progress in flexible X‐ray detectors, including advanced optimized techniques of MH and novel flexible substrate structures, is summarized. In addition, the main photoelectric property characterizations are depicted along with their detailed physical meaning and analytical methods. To conclude, the existing vital gap between development status and commercial requirements and the corresponding optimization research directions is also covered.
Regulatory Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles: A Novel Targeted Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Liu Yuan , Rao Peishi , Qian Hongyan , Shi Yesi , Chen Shiju , Lan Jingying , Mu Dan , Chen Rongjuan , Zhang Xinwei , Deng Chaoqiong , Liu Gang , Shi Guixiu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) are the main cell component in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FLS intimately interact with infiltrating T cells. Fibroblasts have potent inhibitory effects on T cells, leading to the resolution of inflammation and immune tolerance. However, this “regulatory” phenotype is defect in RA, and FLS in RA instead act as “proinflammatory” phenotype mediating inflammation perpetuation. Signals that orchestrate fibroblast heterogeneity remain unclear. Here, it is demonstrated that different cytokines can induce distinct phenotypes of FLS. Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) is pivotal in inducing the regulatory phenotype of FLS (which is termed FLSreg) characterized by high expressions of several inhibitory molecules. Rapamycin enhances the effect of IFN‐γ on FLS. Based on the characteristics of FLSreg, a novel biomimetic therapeutic strategy for RA is designed by coating cell membrane derived from FLSreg induced by IFN‐γ and rapamycin on nanoparticles, which is called FIRN. FIRN show good efficacy, stability, and inflammatory joint targeting ability in an RA mouse model. The findings clarify how fibroblast phenotypes are modulated in the inflammatory microenvironment and provide insights into novel therapeutic designs for autoimmune diseases based on regulatory fibroblasts.
An efficient and universal solar interfacial photothermal reactor toward liquid phase oxidation
Authors: Wu Chen , Wang Wenbin , Zhu Kai , Li Wenrui , Cai Dong , Chen Zhanwei , Wang Peng , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Hepeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotothermal catalysis has attracted great attention owing to high solar energy utilization efficiency, and great progress has been achieved in gas‐phase catalysis. However, photothermal catalysis in liquid‐phase shows a limited performance, due to high specific heat capacity of liquid. Herein, an interfacial photothermal catalytic (IPC) strategy applying an IPC leaf was designed for liquid‐phase catalysis using benzyl alcohol oxidation as the model reaction. On even ground, the benzaldehyde generation rate (8.7 mmol gcat−1 h−1) of the IPC system with Ce‐doped MnO2 as photothermal catalyst was almost 4.8 times and 3 times of bulk photothermal catalysis and the relative bulk thermal catalysis. Experimental results proved that this excellent catalytic performance could be attributed to both the high temperature achieved and the enhanced lattice oxygen activity by solar irradiation. This IPC system also exhibited good universality and long‐term durability. Our work innovatively created a green strategy to obtain fine chemicals with only solar irradiation.