bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bHLH family NITROGEN‐REPLETION INSENSITIVE1 represses nitrogen starvation‐induced responses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Jia Moyan , Munz Jacob , Lee Jenny , Shelley Nolan , Xiong Yuan , Joo Sunjoo , Jin EonSeon , Lee Jae‐Hyeok 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYThe use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers has contributed to a quadrupling of agricultural production. However, >50% of N fertilizers remain unabsorbed by crops and leak into the environment, demanding strategies to improve N use efficiency. To identify the regulatory mechanisms of N assimilation, we performed a genetic screen using a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain whose motility depends upon the transcription of nitrate reductase‐encoding NIT1, which is upregulated in response to N starvation. A constantly swimming mutant, nitrogen repletion insensitive 1 (nri1), was isolated and found to express N starvation‐induced genes in N‐replete culture. NRI1, previously reported as NSG17 (nitrogen starvation‐induced gene 17), encodes a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family transcription factor homologous to BES‐interacting myc‐like (BIM) in plants. Transcriptome analysis of N‐replete nri1 culture revealed a concerted upregulation of the genes involved in the uptake and assimilation of external N sources. Many transcription factor‐encoding genes in the bHLH and SBP families were also upregulated in nri1 culture. The DNA‐binding sites of bHLH and SBP proteins were enriched in the promoters of the upregulated genes in nri1, suggesting that NRI1 suppresses transcriptional activators to regulate N starvation‐induced genes. Consistent with the ammonium‐insensitive gene expression pattern, N‐starved nri1 gametes could not dedifferentiate back to vegetative cells when incubated in ammonium‐containing media. Taken together, we conclude that NRI1 represses N starvation‐specific responses when sufficient N is supplied in C. reinhardtii. Further investigation of how cellular N conditions regulate NRI1 activity will unravel the elusive mechanisms by which plant cells sense and respond to N starvation.
Rerouting of the lignin biosynthetic pathway by inhibition of cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen
Authors: Hu Shi , Kamimura Naofumi , Sakamoto Shingo , Nagano Soichiro , Takata Naoki , Liu Sarah , Goeminne Geert , Vanholme Ruben , Uesugi Mikiko , Yamamoto Masanobu , Hishiyama Shojiro , Kim Hoon , Boerjan Wout , Ralph John , Masai Eiji , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Kajita Shinya 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYLignin is a phenolic polymer deposited in the plant cell wall, and is mainly polymerized from three canonical monomers (monolignols), i.e. p‐coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. After polymerization, these alcohols form different lignin substructures. In dicotyledons, monolignols are biosynthesized from phenylalanine, an aromatic amino acid. Shikimate acts at two positions in the route to the lignin building blocks. It is part of the shikimate pathway that provides the precursor for the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, and is involved in the transesterification of p‐coumaroyl‐CoA to p‐coumaroyl shikimate, one of the key steps in the biosynthesis of coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols. The shikimate residue in p‐coumaroyl shikimate is released in later steps, and the resulting shikimate becomes available again for the biosynthesis of new p‐coumaroyl shikimate molecules. In this study, we inhibited cytosolic shikimate recycling in transgenic hybrid aspen by accelerated phosphorylation of shikimate in the cytosol through expression of a bacterial shikimate kinase (SK). This expression elicited an increase in p‐hydroxyphenyl units of lignin and, by contrast, a decrease in guaiacyl and syringyl units. Transgenic plants with high SK activity produced a lignin content comparable to that in wild‐type plants, and had an increased processability via enzymatic saccharification. Although expression of many genes was altered in the transgenic plants, elevated SK activity did not exert a significant effect on the expression of the majority of genes responsible for lignin biosynthesis. The present results indicate that cytosolic shikimate recycling is crucial to the monomeric composition of lignin rather than for lignin content.
Incorporating the entity of under‐transfusion into hemovigilance monitoring: Documenting cases due to lack of inventory
Authors: Rajbhandary Srijana , Andrzejewski Chester , Fridey Joy , Stotler Brie , Tsang Hamilton C. , Hindawi Salwa , Reddy Opal , Medina Mayrin Correa , Razatos Anna , Narayan Shruthi , Fung Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnder‐transfusion is an underreported entity within most hospitals and hemovigilance systems. While critical blood shortages are being reported more frequently, without incident codes to document instances of under‐transfusion due to lack of inventory, estimating its impact on patient care as it relates to hemotherapy (HT) has hampered our ability to assess and inform strategic initiatives to combat inventory issues as well as prepare for future blood supply threats.Study Design and MethodAn 11‐member working group of the AABB (Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies) Hemovigilance Committee was formed in October 2020 to study the topic of under‐transfusion including its potential causes and clinical expressions. The group was also charged with proposing simple definition/incident codes to be used by hemovigilance systems to document such instances.ResultsThe working group proposed four simple incident codes under the new process code—No Blood (NB)—that can be used by hemovigilance systems to appropriately document instances of under‐transfusion due to lack of inventory. The codes were described as: (1) NB 01—Inventory less than usual level due to supplier shortage; (2) NB 02—Demand for blood product exceeding usual inventory levels; (3) NB 03—Substitution with incompatible/inappropriate units; and (4) NB 04—Suboptimal dose/no transfusion given.ConclusionThe adoption of these codes within hemovigilance systems globally would assist in recognition and reporting instances of under‐transfusion due to inventory, thus supporting development of better collection strategies, inventory management techniques as well as effective policies to improve blood safety and availability.
The role of cross‐sectional geometry of high‐head gated conduit in oxygen transfer efficiency
Authors: Baylar Ahmet , Ozkan Fahri , Yildirim Ceren Beyza , Aydin Alp Bugra , Tuna Muhammed Cihat , Ozturk Mualla 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe concentration of dissolved oxygen is an important indicator of water quality because aquatic life lives on the dissolved oxygen in the water. This can be achieved by using hydraulic structures because of substantial air bubble entrainment at these structures. Closed conduit aeration is a particular instance of this. In the present study, experiments were carried out to investigate the role of cross‐sectional geometry of high‐head gated conduit in oxygen transfer efficiency. In the first part of this study, the role of cross‐sectional geometry of high‐head gated conduit in air‐demand ratio was investigated. In the second part, the role of cross‐sectional geometry of high‐head gated conduit in oxygen transfer efficiency was investigated. Results pointed that the cross‐sectional geometry of the high‐head gated conduit had an important effect on the air‐demand ratio and the oxygen transfer efficiency. Moreover, a design formula was obtained for the conduit having the highest oxygen transfer efficiency relating the oxygen transfer efficiency to air‐demand ratio, Froude number, gate opening, conduit length and gate opening ratio. There was good agreement between the measured and the predicted values. The obtained results will be useful in future modelling processes and aid the practicing engineer in predicting oxygen transfer efficiency of high‐head gated conduits.
Water consumption optimization in cardboard industry by experimental design
Authors: Harif Soukaina , Aboulhassan Moulay Abdelazize , Bammou Lahcen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work was performed into a cardboard plant in order to reduce the freshwater consumption. Statistical experimental design was applied to investigate the effect of cleaning program, ink colour class and detergent concentration on ink circuit cleaning operation of flexographic printing machines. The results indicated that the proposed models fitted well with residual ink removal and cleaning water consumption (R2 > 0.99). For a better residual ink removal of the first colour class, it is suitable to employ cleaning program number 1 with 2% of detergent. However, if a residual ink of second colour class has to be removed, cleaning program number 2 and 2% of detergent are appropriate. At the optimum conditions, the volume of water required for residual ink removal from flexographic machines can be reduced by up to 26%. These results can contribute to the development of water consumption reduction models in cardboard plants and clean production implementation.
Implications of a patent foramen ovale for environmental physiology and pathophysiology: do we know the ‘hole’ story?
Authors: Lovering Andrew T. , Kelly Tyler S. , DiMarco Kaitlyn G. , Bradbury Karleigh E. , Charkoudian Nisha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe foramen ovale is an essential component of the fetal circulation contributing to oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination that remains patent under certain circumstances in ∼30% of the healthy adult population, without major negative sequelae in most. Adults with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) have a greater tendency to develop symptoms of acute mountain sickness and high‐altitude pulmonary oedema upon ascent to high altitude, and PFO presence is associated with worse cardiopulmonary function in chronic mountain sickness. This increase in altitude illness prevalence may be related to dysregulated cerebral blood flow associated with altered respiratory chemoreflex sensitivity; however, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Interestingly, men with a PFO appear to have a shift in thermoregulatory control to higher internal temperatures, both at rest and during exercise, and they have blunted thermal hyperpnoea. The teleological ‘reason’ for this thermoregulatory shift is unclear, but the shift of ∼0.5°C in core body temperature does not appear to be sufficient to have any significant negative consequences in terms of risk of heat illness. Further work in this area is needed, particularly in women, to evaluate mechanisms of heat storage and dissipation in these individuals compared to people without a PFO. Consequences of a PFO in SCUBA divers include a greater incidence of unprovoked decompression sickness, but whether PFO is beneficial or detrimental to breath hold diving remains unexplored. Whether PFO presence will explain interindividual variability in responses to, and consequences from, other environmental stressors such as spaceflight remain entirely unknown.
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Potential Application of CO2-Based Mixtures in the Combined Power and Cooling System for the Waste Heat Recovery
Authors: Yu Aofang , Lin Xinxing , Su Wen , Zhou Naijun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To reduce the operating pressure and broaden the range of condensation temperature, it is proposed to mix CO2 with organic fluid to form a zeotropic mixture. However, how CO2-based mixtures perform in the combined power and cooling system is still an open question. Therefore, in this study, aiming at the newly proposed system for waste heat recovery, CO2/R600a and CO2/R601a mixtures are first employed to produce power and cooling. Based on the established models, the energy and exergy performances of combined system with CO2-based mixtures are analyzed. The effects of key parameters on system performances are investigated. On this basis, the performance optimization is conducted to maximize net work by using a genetic algorithm (GA), and the optimal system performance of mixtures and pure CO2 are compared. The results indicate that under the basic operating conditions, the net works of CO2/R600a (0.5/0.5) and CO2/R601a (0.5/0.5) are 2717.93 kW and 1145.98 kW, respectively. The optimal results indicate that among the considered working fluids, the highest specific net work is always obtained by CO2/R600a system. This study will be helpful to the development of combined power and cooling systems with CO2-based mixtures.
Physical Activity, Glycemic Variability, and Parental Hypoglycemia Fear in Preschoolers With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Patton Susana R. , Monzon Alexandra D. , Noser Amy E. , Clements Mark A. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The authors examined associations between preschoolers’ daily glycemic variability, parents’ report of hypoglycemia fear, and preschoolers’ daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in 25 families of preschoolers with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Parents completed a valid measure of hypoglycemia fear, and their child wore an accelerometer for up to 7 days. Parents provided glucose data from their child’s devices. The authors used multiple regression and multilevel modeling to analyze their data. Results: Preschoolers (mean age 4.2 [1.7] y; 50% boys) engaged in a mean of 154.5 (59.6) and 339.2 (85.1) minutes of MVPA and SB per day, respectively, and parents reported relatively low levels of hypoglycemia worry and avoidance behaviors. Preschoolers’ SB (r = .19, P = .02) and MVPA (r = −.20, P = .01) levels were significantly correlated with parental hypoglycemia worry scores but not with parents’ hypoglycemia behavior scores (P = .15 and P = .92, respectively). While multilevel models did not show an association between MVPA and preschoolers’ glycemic variability, preschoolers who engaged in more daily SB experienced higher glycemic variability (P = .04). Conclusions: Research exploring MVPA, SB, and parental hypoglycemia fear in preschoolers with type 1 diabetes could have important clinical implications because it may reveal modifiable treatment targets that can impact preschoolers’ health and activity patterns.
Retinal age gap as a predictive biomarker for mortality risk
Authors: Zhu Zhuoting , Shi Danli , Guankai Peng , Tan Zachary , Shang Xianwen , Hu Wenyi , Liao Huan , Zhang Xueli , Huang Yu , Yu Honghua , Meng Wei , Wang Wei , Ge Zongyuan , Yang Xiaohong , He Mingguang 
Published: January 2022

AimTo develop a deep learning (DL) model that predicts age from fundus images (retinal age) and to investigate the association between retinal age gap (retinal age predicted by DL model minus chronological age) and mortality risk.MethodsA total of 80 169 fundus images taken from 46 969 participants in the UK Biobank with reasonable quality were included in this study. Of these, 19 200 fundus images from 11 052 participants without prior medical history at the baseline examination were used to train and validate the DL model for age prediction using fivefold cross-validation. A total of 35 913 of the remaining 35 917 participants had available mortality data and were used to investigate the association between retinal age gap and mortality.ResultsThe DL model achieved a strong correlation of 0.81 (p<0·001) between retinal age and chronological age, and an overall mean absolute error of 3.55 years. Cox regression models showed that each 1 year increase in the retinal age gap was associated with a 2% increase in risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03, p=0.020) and a 3% increase in risk of cause-specific mortality attributable to non-cardiovascular and non-cancer disease (HR=1.03, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05, p=0.041) after multivariable adjustments. No significant association was identified between retinal age gap and cardiovascular- or cancer-related mortality.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that retinal age gap might be a potential biomarker of ageing that is closely related to risk of mortality, implying the potential of retinal image as a screening tool for risk stratification and delivery of tailored interventions.
Diagnostic accuracy of rapid point-of-care tests for diagnosis of current SARS-CoV-2 infections in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fujita-Rohwerder Naomi , Beckmann Lars , Zens Yvonne , Verma Arpana 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo systematically assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid point-of-care tests for diagnosis of current SARS-CoV-2 infections in children under real-life conditions.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, INAHTA HTA database, preprint servers (via Europe PMC), ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP from 1 January 2020 to 7 May 2021; NICE Evidence Search, NICE Guidance, FIND Website from 1 January 2020 to 24 May 2021.Review methodsDiagnostic cross-sectional or cohort studies were eligible for inclusion if they had paediatric study participants and compared rapid point-of care tests for diagnosing current SARS-CoV-2 infections with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the reference standard. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the applicability of the included studies. Bivariate meta-analyses with random effects were performed. Variability was assessed by subgroup analyses.Results17 studies with a total of 6355 paediatric study participants were included. All studies compared antigen tests against RT-PCR. Overall, studies evaluated eight antigen tests from six different brands. Only one study was at low risk of bias. The pooled overall diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in paediatric populations was 64.2% (95% CI 57.4% to 70.5%) and 99.1% (95% CI 98.2% to 99.5%), respectively. In symptomatic children, the pooled diagnostic sensitivity was 71.8% (95% CI 63.6% to 78.8%) and the pooled diagnostic specificity was 98.7% (95% CI 96.6% to 99.5%). The pooled diagnostic sensitivity in asymptomatic children was 56.2% (95% CI 47.6% to 64.4%) and the pooled diagnostic specificity was 98.6% (95% CI 97.3% to 99.3%).ConclusionsThe performance of current antigen tests in paediatric populations under real-life conditions varies broadly. Relevant data were only identified for very few antigen tests on the market, and the risk of bias was mostly unclear due to poor reporting. Additionally, the most common uses of these tests in children (eg, self-testing in schools or parents testing their toddlers before kindergarten) have not been addressed in clinical performance studies yet. The observed low diagnostic sensitivity may impact the planned purpose of the broad implementation of testing programmes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021236313.
Crohn’s disease therapeutic dietary intervention (CD-TDI): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Raman Maitreyi , Ma Christopher , Taylor Lorian M , Dieleman Levinus A , Gkoutos Georgios V , Vallance Jeff K , McCoy Kathy D , Lewis Ian , Jijon Humberto , McKay Derek M , Mutch David M , Barkema Herman W , Gibson Deanna , Rauch Marcus , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionDietary patterns that might induce remission in patients with active Crohn’s disease (CD) are of interest to patients, but studies are limited in the published literature. We aim to explore the efficacy of the CD therapeutic dietary intervention (CD-TDI), a novel dietary approach developed from best practices and current evidence, to induce clinical and biomarker remission in adult patients with active CD.Methods and analysisThis study is a 13-week, multicentre, randomised controlled trial in patients with mild-to-moderate active CD at baseline. One hundred and two patients will be block randomised, by sex, 2:1 to the intervention (CD-TDI) or conventional management. Coprimary outcomes are clinical and biomarker remission, defined as a Harvey Bradshaw Index of <5 and a faecal calprotectin of <250 µg/g, respectively.Secondary outcomes include gut microbiota diversity and composition, faecal short-chain fatty acids, regulatory macrophage function, serum and faecal metabolomics, C reactive protein, peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles, quality of life, sedentary time and physical activity at 7 and/or 13 weeks. Predictive models of clinical response to a CD-TDI will be investigated.Ethics and disseminationThe research protocol was approved by the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Calgary (REB19-0402) and the Health Research Ethics Board—Biomedical Panel at the University of Alberta (Pro00090772). Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences, submitted for publication in abstracts and manuscripts, shared on social media and disseminated through patient-education materials.Trial registration numberNCT04596566.
Provision of end-of-life care in primary care: a survey of issues and outcomes in the Australian context
Authors: Ding Jinfeng , Johnson Claire E , Saunders Christobel , Licqurish Sharon , Chua David , Mitchell Geoffrey , Cook Angus 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo describe general practitioners’ (GPs) involvement in end-of-life care, continuity and outcomes of care, and reported management challenges in the Australian context.MethodsSixty-three GPs across three Australian states participated in a follow-up survey to report on care provided for decedents in the last year life using a clinic-based data collection process. The study was conducted between September 2018 and August 2019.ResultsApproximately one-third of GPs had received formal palliative care training. Practitioners considered themselves as either the primary care coordinator (53.2% of reported patients) or part of the management team (40.4% of reported patients) in the final year of care. In the last week of life, patients frequently experienced reduced appetite (80.6%), fatigue (77.9%) and psychological problems (44.9%), with GPs reporting that the alleviation of these symptoms were less than optimal. Practitioners were highly involved in end-of-life care (eg, home visits, consultations via telephone and family meetings), and perceived higher levels of satisfaction with communication with palliative care services than other external services. For one-third of patients, GPs reported that the last year of care could potentially have been improved.ConclusionThere are continuing needs for integration of palliative care training into medical education and reforms of healthcare systems to further support GPs’ involvement in end-of-life care. Further, more extensive collection of clinical data is needed to evaluate and support primary care management of end-of-life patients in general practice.