bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staying in place and moving in space: Contrasting larval thermal sensitivity explains distributional changes of sympatric sea urchin species to habitat warming
Authors: Byrne Maria , Gall Mailie L. , Campbell Hamish , Lamare Miles D. , Holmes Sebastian P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor marine ectotherms, larval success, planktonic larval duration and dispersal trajectories are strongly influenced by temperature, and therefore, ocean warming and heatwaves have profound impacts on these sensitive stages. Warming, through increased poleward flow in regions with western boundary currents, such as the East Australia Current (EAC), provides opportunities for range extension as propagules track preferred conditions. Two sea urchin species, Centrostephanus rodgersii and Heliocidaris tuberculata, sympatric in the EAC warming hotspot, exhibit contrasting responses to warming. Over half a century, C. rodgersii has undergone marked poleward range extension, but the range of H. tuberculata has not changed. We constructed thermal performance curves (TPC) to determine if contrasting developmental thermal tolerance can explain this difference. The temperatures tested encompassed present‐day distribution and forecast ocean warming/heatwave conditions. The broad and narrow thermal optimum (Topt) ranges for C. rodgersii and H. tuberculata larvae (7.2 and 4.7°C range, respectively) matched their realized (adult distribution) thermal niches. The cool and warm temperatures for 50% development to the feeding larva approximated temperatures at adult poleward range limits. Larval cool tolerances with respect to mean local temperature differed, 6.0 and 3.8°C respectively. Larval warm tolerances were similar for both species as are the adult warm range edges. The larvae of both species would be sensitive to heatwaves. Centrostephanus rodgersii has stayed in place and shifted in space, likely due to its broad cold–warm larval thermal tolerance and large thermal safety margins. Phenotypic plasticity of the planktonic stage of C. rodgersii facilitated its range extension. In contrast, larval cold intolerance of H. tuberculata explains its restricted range and will delay poleward extension as the region warms. In a warming ocean, we show that intrinsic thermal biology traits of the pelagic stage provide an integrative tool to explain species‐specific variation in range shift patterns.
Serum matrix metalloproteinase‐7 in biliary atresia: A Japanese multicenter study
Authors: Sakaguchi Hirotaka , Konishi Ken‐ichiro , Yasuda Ryosuke , Sasaki Hideyuki , Yoshimaru Koichiro , Tainaka Takahisa , Fukahori Suguru , Sanada Yukihiro , Iwama Itaru , Shoji Hiromichi , Kinoshita Masahiro , Matsuura Toshiharu , Fujishiro Jun , Uchida Hiroo , Nio Masaki , Yamashita Yushiro , Mizuochi Tatsuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is among the commonest indications for liver transplantation (LT) in children. We examined whether serum matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7) is useful for diagnosis of BA in Japanese infants, and whether serum MMP‐7 concentrations before and after Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) predicted LT within a year.MethodsSubjects under 6 months old at eight pediatric centers in Japan were enrolled retrospectively, including patients with cholestasis and normal controls (NC) without liver disease. Patients with cholestasis were divided into groups representing BA versus cholestasis from other causes (non‐BA). Serum samples were collected from patients with BA at diagnosis and 1 and 4 weeks after KP, as well as from non‐BA and NC.ResultsSerum MMP‐7 concentrations were significantly higher in BA at diagnosis (median, 89.1 ng/ml) than in non‐BA (11.0; p < 0.001) or NC (10.3; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of MMP‐7 for BA versus non‐BA yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.96–1.00). An optimal cut‐off value of 18.6 ng/ml for serum MMP‐7 in diagnosing BA demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90%, respectively. Serum MMP‐7 before and 1 week and 4 weeks after KP did not differ significantly between BA requiring only KP and BA requiring LT after KP.ConclusionSerum MMP‐7 is a useful marker for diagnosis of BA in Japanese infants, but it could not predict LT within a year.
Factors partitioning physical frailty in people aging with HIV: A classification and regression tree approach
Authors: Inceer Mehmet , Brouillette Marie‐J. , Fellows Lesley K. , Morais José A. , Harris Marianne , Smaill Fiona , Smith Graham , Thomas Réjean , Mayo Nancy E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the extent to which comorbidity and lifestyle factors were associated with physical frailty in middle‐aged and older Canadians living with HIV.DesignCross‐sectional analysis of 856 participants from the Canadian Positive Brain Health Now cohort.MethodsThe frailty indicator phenotype was adapted from Fried's criteria using self‐report items. Univariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CaRT) models were used to identify the most relevant independent contributors to frailty.ResultsIn all, 100 men (14.0%) and 26 women (19.7%) were identified as frail (≥ 3/5 criteria) for an overall prevalence of 15.2%. Nine comorbidities showed an influential association with frailty. The most influential comorbidities were hypothyroidism [odds ratio (OR) = 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–5.03] and arthritis (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.58–4.09). Additionally, tobacco (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.05–3.04) showed an association. Any level of alcohol consumption showed a protective effect for frailty.The CaRT model showed nine pathways that led to frailty. Arthritis was the most discriminatory variable followed by alcohol, hypothyroidism, tobacco, cancer, cannabis, liver disease, kidney disease, osteoporosis, lung disease and peripheral vascular disease. The prevalence of physical frailty for people with arthritis was 27.4%; with additional cancer or tobacco and alcohol the prevalence rates were 47.1% and 46.1%, respectively. The protective effect of alcohol consumption evident in the univariate model appeared again in the CaRT model, but this effect varied.Cognitive frailty (19.5% overall) and emotional frailty (37.9% overall) were higher than the prevalence of physical frailty.ConclusionsSpecific comorbidities and tobacco use were implicated in frailty, suggesting that it is comorbidities causing frailty. However, some frailty still appears to be HIV‐related. The higher prevalence of cognitive and emotional frailty highlights the fact that physical frailty should not be the only focus in HIV.
Implementing a novel approach to long‐term monitoring of butterfly communities in the Neotropics
Authors: Checa Maria F. , Nogales Sofia , Salazar Patricio A. , Bustos Leslie , Ojeda Vernardo , Bustos Alcy , Willmott Keith R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Insects are facing severe threats of extinction. Long‐term data needed to develop effective conservation strategies are not yet available for precisely those areas where biodiversity peaks and negative impacts on species are particularly strong, such as Neotropical forests.
One strategy to develop long‐term monitoring programmes worldwide has focused on training local people as ‘parabiologists’. Although this model has been very successful, it requires significant, constant funding to cover wages.
Here, we implemented a novel approach to address this logistical challenge and simultaneously achieve other beneficial outcomes.
Based in Yasuní National Park, one of the world's most diverse protected areas, we started a monitoring scheme where park rangers hired by Ecuador's Ministry of the Environment implemented monitoring, after completing a capacity‐building programme. We describe this scheme and evaluate its performance in terms of the biological data gathered.
Park rangers were able to identify sampled butterflies to species with a high degree of accuracy (85%), a key attribute for participatory monitoring programmes to be successful. The data gathered by park rangers resulted in commonly studied patterns of spatial and temporal variation that did not differ significantly from a comparable researcher dataset in this butterfly community.
Our approach increases the likelihood of sustaining monitoring in the long‐term by reducing expenses such as lodging and wages. Furthermore, it also empowers local people, offers opportunities for public institutions to accomplish their environmental goals, and provides the potential for expansion to other highly threatened and important areas for biodiversity conservation.
Influencer endorsement posts and their effects on advertising attitudes and purchase intentions
Authors: Herrando Carolina , Martín‐De Hoyos María José 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effects of influencer posts on Instagram users. Based on uses and gratifications theory, this experiment‐based investigation analyses the effect of three different levels of product exposure (strong, mild and low) within an influencer ad post on users’ attitudes toward the ad, and their purchase intentions. Based on a sample of 602 Instagram users from Generations Y and Z, the empirical findings show that users who attribute infotainment and credibility to an influencer ad post perceive it to have greater ad value, which improves their attitude toward the ad and, consequently, positively affects their purchase intentions. However, the results do not find support for the negative effect of irritation on ad value. The contributions of this study highlight that once users have freely decided to follow influencers on Instagram, they assume that their posts are going to be ad‐related and this does not cause them to reject posts; consequently, endorsement exerts a similar effect on the value attributed to an ad post regardless of the level of salience of the product in the post.
Predicting the cut‐off point for interface pressure in pressure injury according to the standard hospital mattress and polyurethane foam mattress as support surfaces
Authors: Yu Mi , Park Kyung Hee , Shin Jiseon , Lee Ji Hyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the interface pressure (IP) of patients using a standard hospital mattress and polyurethane foam mattress as support surfaces and present cut‐off points for IP in patients who exhibited skin changes. A total of 189 inpatients enrolled from six general wards and three intensive care units at a Korean University Hospital. Skin changes were classified, and peak IP at the sacral and occipital regions was measured using a pressure scanner. Differences in IPs according to mattress type were analysed using independent t‐tests. The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to determine the cut‐off point, and the area under the curve with a 95% confidence interval was obtained using the Stata 15.1.program. The IP for a standard hospital mattress was significantly higher than that of a polyurethane foam mattress. The cut‐off points for IP at the sacral region were 52.90 and 30.15 mm Hg for a standard hospital mattress and polyurethane foam mattress, respectively. The cut‐off point for IP at the occipital region was 36.40 mm Hg for a polyurethane foam mattress. Using IP measurements to prevent pressure injuries is important and employ individualised interventions based on the cut‐off points for different support surfaces.
Interactive effect of elevated [CO2] and temperature on the photosynthetic process, anti‐oxidative properties, and grain yield of rice
Authors: Dwivedi Sharad K. , Kumar Santosh , Mishra Janki S. , Prakash Ved , Rao Karnena K. , Bhatt Bhagwati P. , Srivastava Ashish K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe simultaneous increase of carbon dioxide and temperature causes significant changes in rice physiology and production, but limited studies have been performed in the past to examine the interactive effect of these two key variables on lipid peroxidation, anti‐oxidative properties, gas exchange parameters, and grain yield of rice. Thus, an experiment was conducted by growing two rice genotypes (IR83376‐B‐B‐24–2 and IR64) inside field‐based open‐top chambers (OTCs) with two levels of [CO2] (ambient and elevated; (500±25 ppm) and temperature (ambient and ambient+2°C) in order to determine their simultaneous effect on lipid peroxidation (thio‐barbituric acid substances, TBARS), anti‐oxidant properties (catalase, CAT and superoxide dismutase, SOD), gas exchange parameters (PN rate, gs, E), WUE and grain yield during the kharif seasons. Our study showed that under simultaneous elevation (CO2 and temperature), the activity of CAT and SOD were improved. CAT showed significant alterations in activity which was detected for genotype IR83376‐B‐B‐24–2 (twelve‐fold increase) under elevated temperature compared to ambient temperature. SOD activity was decreased by 35.1 and 35.7% with elevated [CO2] while it increased under elevated temperature by 103.6 and 41.1% in IR83376‐B‐B‐24–2 and IR64, respectively. No significant difference in TBARS content was observed under combined elevation of both [CO2] and temperature, as compared to ambient conditions. However, elevation in temperature by 2°C led to a reduction in photosynthetic rate and WUE but increased the rate of transpiration, CAT and SOD activity. Grain yield was also improved under elevated [CO2] while elevated temperature has negative impact on grain yield. Thus, the findings suggest that there are differential biochemical (TBARS, CAT, and SOD) and physiological (PN rate, gs, E, and WUE) responses of rice towards predicted climatic conditions. This study represents the significant findings on the anti‐oxidant defence mechanism in rice under combined elevated [CO2] and temperature levels. Furthermore, the genotypic differences observed in terms of photosynthesis mechanism and ROS scavenging system imply that it is possible to breed varieties that will be more suited for future rice production scenarios.
Across‐country genetic evaluation of meat sheep from Ireland and the United Kingdom
Authors: Fitzmaurice Shauna , Conington Joanne , McDermott Kevin , McHugh Noirin , Banos Georgios 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenetic evaluations in sheep have proven to be an effective way of increasing farm profitability. Much research has previously been conducted on producing within‐country genetic evaluations; however, to date, no across‐country sheep genetic evaluations have been produced between Ireland and the UK. The objective of the present study was to examine the feasibility of an across‐country genetic evaluation of live body weight and carcass composition traits for Texel sheep raised in Ireland and the UK. The benefit of genetic selection based on across‐country genetic evaluations, in comparison with within‐country genetic evaluations, was also quantified. Animal traits included early‐life and postweaning live body weights, and muscle and fat depth ultrasound measurements. Irish and UK data were combined, common animals with progeny with records in both countries were identified and a series of bivariate analyses were performed separately for each trait to produce across‐country genetic evaluations. Fixed effects included contemporary group, age at first lambing of the dam, parity of the dam (Ireland), dam age at lamb's birth (UK), a gender by age of the lamb interaction, a birth type by rearing type of the lamb interaction and country of birth of the lamb. Random effects included the animal additive genetic, dam maternal, litter common environment and residual effect. The model for postweaning weight, muscle depth and fat depth included only the animal additive genetic and litter common environmental random effects. Genetic correlations between the two countries ranged from 0.82 to 0.88 for the various traits. Across‐country breeding values were estimated for all animals and response to selection was predicted using the top 10 and top 20 sires in both within‐ and across‐country analyses for the two countries. Overall, results showed that rates of genetic gain could potentially increase from between 2.59% and 19.63% from selection based on across‐country genetic evaluations compared to within‐country evaluations alone. Across‐country evaluations are feasible and would be of significant benefit to both the Irish and UK sheep industries. In order to realize these potential gains though, there would need to be a switch in emphasis by sheep breeders towards using objective traits as their primary selection criteria.
Clinical, electroanatomic and electrophysiologic characterization and outcomes of catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia following valvular intervention
Authors: Bennett Richard G. , Garikapati Kartheek , Anderson Robert D. , Silva Kasun De , Campbell Timothy , Kotake Yasuhito , Turnbull Samual , Tonchev Ivaylo , Lee Geoffrey , Kalman Jonathan , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionVentricular tachycardia (VT) can occur following valvular interventions. There are limited data describing substrate and ablation approaches in such patients. We sought to describe the clinical, electrophysiologic, electroanatomic features and catheter ablation outcomes of patients with VT following aortic and/or mitral valve intervention.MethodsOver 12‐years, consecutive patients with aortic valve replacement (AVR) and/or mitral valve replacement (MVR) or repair, undergoing VT ablation, were identified from two centers. Clinical and procedural parameters and outcomes are described.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (age 66 ± 14years, 78% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 37 ± 16%), with prior AVR (mechanical n = 6, bioprosthetic n = 2, transcatheter n = 1), MVR (mechanical n = 5, bioprosthetic n = 1), mitral valve repair (n = 6) and both mechanical AVR and MVR (n = 2), underwent VT ablation. Sixteen had concurrent ischemic cardiomyopathy, 10 with prior bypass surgery. Left ventricular access was obtained in 21/23 (91%) patients (transseptal n = 14, retrograde aortic n = 5, transapical n = 2), with perivalvular scar identified in 17/21 (81%). Re‐entrant VT isthmi involved the perivalvular regions in 12/23 (52%) patients, and regions remote from the valve in the remainder; 9% had nonscar‐related VT. Intramural substrate was ablated from adjacent chambers in 5/23 (22%) patients and with half‐normal saline irrigation in 8/23 (35%) patients. There were no instances of catheter entrapment. Following final ablation, VA‐free survival was 78% at 13‐months.ConclusionOnly half of VT circuits following valvular interventions involve the valve regions themselves, while the remainder involves unrelated regions. Catheter ablation is safe and efficacious at treating VT following valvular intervention, but novel strategies may be required.
Negative impact of roadside mowing on arthropod fauna and its reduction with ‘arthropod‐friendly’ mowing technique
Authors: Steidle Johannes L. M. , Kimmich Thomas , Csader Michael , Betz Oliver 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn underestimated factor that contributes to the decline of insects observed during the last year is probably the mortality, which is caused by mowing of grassland. We studied the negative impact of mowing on the arthropod fauna of roadside grassland, which might serve as potential habitat for insects to prevent their local extinction and as corridor for the dispersal in anthropogenic landscapes. In addition, we studied if losses due to mowing can be mitigated by the use of ‘arthropod‐friendly’ mowing technique. In agreement with earlier studies, we found that mowing with a conventional mowing head (MK 1200 from MULAG) caused considerable losses in arthropods, ranging from 29% for Heteroptera over around 50% in Araneae, Cicadina, Hymenoptera and Diptera, up to 73% for holometabolous larvae, and 87% for Lepidoptera. These losses by mowing were fully offset for Araneae, Cicadina, Heteroptera, Lepidoptera and larvae of holometabolous insects when using the mowing head Eco 1200 from MULAG, which was designed to be ‘arthropod‐friendly’. For Hymenoptera and Diptera, the losses were reduced by 15% and 25% respectively. For Saltatoria and Coleoptera, we did not find any significant differences between all treatments. These data demonstrate that mowing of roadsides with conventional mowing technology has a highly detrimental effect on the grassland arthropod fauna. However, this effect can be offset or at least mitigated by the use of ‘arthropod‐friendly’ mowing technique. Therefore, this technique has a high potential to reduce insect decline in roadside grassland, making these areas a habitat for insects.
Elective Induction of Labor or Expectant Management: Outcomes Among Nulliparous Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancies
Authors: Lewis Susan , Zhao Zhiguo , Schorn Mavis 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCesarean birth rates among women who are nulliparous with uncomplicated full‐term pregnancies have been shown to decrease if labor is electively induced. The purpose of this study was to compare the cesarean birth rate for women with pregnancies at 39.0 weeks’ gestation or later admitted for spontaneous labor or medically indicated induction of labor (IOL) with that of women receiving elective IOL at term.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted by searching electronic health records of all nulliparous women with uncomplicated pregnancies who gave birth between January 2018 through February 2020 at one academic medical center. Select maternal demographic data and approach to labor management were the primary variables analyzed in determining the odds of cesarean birth.ResultsA total of 1528 women were included in this study. Among these, 158 received elective IOL, and 1370 did not. The cesarean birth rates (31.0% vs 23.9%, elective induction of labor vs expectant management, respectively, P = .048), neonatal intensive care admissions (9.5% vs 7.6%, P = .41), and Apgar scores were similar among women in both management groups, respectively (P = .08). Accounting for other potential risk factors, the odds of having cesarean birth were not statistically different between management groups (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.5‐1.1; P = .09). There were 2 fetal deaths among women whose labor was not electively induced. In the total cohort, women who were older, who had higher body mass index (BMI), and who identified as non‐Hispanic Black had an increased odds of experiencing a cesarean birth. The associations between women in management groups and cesarean birth were not modified by age, BMI, race, or ethnicity (P = .33, .67, and .87, respectively).DiscussionElective IOL was not associated with lower cesarean rates in this study. Further research is needed before implementing clinical practice changes that encourage more use of IOL.