bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variations of seasonal temperature at different percentiles in the three provinces of northeast China from 1961 to 2019
Authors: Yang Yaxue , Wang Huixiao , Liu Changming , Feng Ru , Wang Yu , Li Hongfang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe three provinces of northeast China (NEPs) were one of the major grain producing areas in China and has undergone significant climate warming during past decades. However, nowadays researches on climate warming mostly focused on variations of mean temperature or temperature extremes, which missed much information in the other parts of temperature. Therefore, taken NEPs as study area, variations of maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin) and diurnal temperature range (DTR) at every 10% percentile from 1961 to 2019 in NEPs were analysed at seasonal scale. The abrupt changes and decadal shifts of Tmax, Tmin and DTR at different percentiles were further highlighted. Results show that (a) for either regional average or station cases, fluctuations of daily Tmax and daily Tmin both decreased in spring and winter, but increased in autumn. In summer, fluctuations of daily Tmin decreased while those of daily Tmax increased. (b) Spatially, Tmax heated up more in south of NEPs at lower percentiles, and in northwest of NEPs at higher percentiles in spring, summer and winter. Tmin and DTR overall showed consistent spatial differences that changes in north and northwest of NEPs were with greater magnitudes. (c) In spring and winter, the higher Tmax/Tmin had earlier abrupt changes than lower Tmax/Tmin, while in summer and autumn, the abrupt changes occurred earlier for lower Tmax/Tmin. (d) In winter, overwhelming positive shifts were significant before 2000, but turned negative after 2000. In summer, Tmax heated up quickly since 1990s and Tmin since 1980s. Shifts in spring and autumn varied during different periods and generally presented alternative warming at higher and lower percentiles. The research can help better depict the warming patterns and figure out the detailed warming procedures in NEPs, which is a strong supplement for current climate change research.
Retention properties of acetone‐water mobile phases on a biphenylsiloxane‐bonded silica stationary phase in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Atapattu Sanka N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe solvation parameter model system constants and retention factors were used to interpret retention properties of 39 calibration compounds on a biphenylsiloxane‐bonded stationary phase (Kinetex biphenyl) for acetone‐water binary mobile phase systems containing 30–70% v/v. Variation in system constants, phase ratios, and retention factors of acetone‐water binary mobile phases systems were compared with more commonly used acetonitrile and methanol mobile phase systems. Retention properties of acetone mobile phases on a Kinetex biphenyl column were more similar to that of acetonitrile than methanol mobile phases except with respect to selectivity equivalency. Importantly, selectivity differences arising between acetone and acetonitrile systems (the lower hydrogen‐bond basicity of acetone‐water mobile phases and differences in hydrogen‐bond acidity, cavity formation and dispersion interactions) could be exploited in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method development on a Kinetex biphenyl stationary phase.
Effect of Ultrasound‐Stimulated Microbubbles and Hyperthermia on Tumor Vasculature of Breast Cancer Xenograft
Authors: Sharma Deepa , Cartar Holliday , Quiaoit Karina , Law Niki , Giles Anoja , Czarnota Gregory J. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to investigate the treatment effects of ultrasound‐stimulated microbubbles (USMB) and hyperthermia (HT) on breast tumor vasculature.MethodsTumor‐bearing mice with breast cancer xenografts (MDA‐MB‐231), were exposed to different treatment conditions consisting of control (no treatment), USMB alone, HT alone, USMB with HT exposures of 10 and 50 minutes. Quantitative 3D Doppler ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging were used to detect tumor blood flow and oxygen saturation, respectively. In addition, histopathological analysis including TUNEL staining for cell death, and CD31 staining for the vessel count, was performed to complement the results of power Doppler and photoacoustic imaging.ResultsResults demonstrated a decrease in tumor blood flow as well as oxygenation level following 50 minutes HT treatment either alone or combined with USMB. In contrast, 10 minutes HT alone or combined with USMB had minimal effects on blood flow and tumor oxygenation level. Treatment with HT for 50 minutes caused drops in tumor oxygenation, which were not evident with USMB treatment alone. Additionally, results revealed an increase in cell death after 10 minutes HT with or without USMB and a decrease in vessel count compared to control. Unlike previous studies which demonstrated synergistic treatment effects combining USMB with other modalities such as radiation or chemotherapy, USMB and HT effects were not synergistic in the present study.ConclusionThe results here demonstrated HT and USMB both alone or together resulted in a significant reduction in tumor blood flow, tumor oxygenation, and vessel count with observed increases in cell death response.
Ecological restoration of degraded lands with alternate land use systems improves soil functionality in semiarid tropical India
Authors: Baradwal Hansa , Ghosh Avijit , Kumar Awanish , Singh Prashant Deo , Sannagoudar Manjanagouda Siddanagouda , Ahamad Safik , Jha Pramod , Singh Amit Kumar , Bhattacharyya Ranjan , Manna Madhab Chandra , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Ram Vinod 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo test the applicability of alternate land use systems for improving soil functionality in restored ecologies, soils were sampled from 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm deep layers ofLeucaena leucocephala(LL),Hardwickia binata(HB),Emblica officinalis(EO),Azadiracta indica (AI)‐based silviculture systems;Acacia nilotica‐based silvipasture systems (AN); and natural grassland (NG). These were compared with samples from fallow land (F). They were evaluated for their carbon management index (CMI), nutrient supply capacity (NSC), soil functionality (SF), ecorestoration efficiency (ERE) and 21‐day cumulative microbial respiration (CO2‐21) to assess their applicability in semiarid India. Soil functionality and functional diversity as impacted by restoration have remained largely overlooked. The LL had ~12, 7 and 11% higher CMI than fallow in sampled soil layers. ERE of LL was ~ 55, 65 and 79% higher than fallow land in sampled soil layers, respectively. However, ERE in surface layer was poorer than subsequent soil layers for all systems. The LL, HB and AN improved NSC and SF by: a) ~ 2.5‐, 2.2‐ and 1.6‐times; and b) 9.3‐, 5.3‐ and 5.1‐times over fallow land in the surface soil layer. A similar trend was observed for SF in lower layers. However, the topsoil layer had >16% mean SF values than subsequent layers. LL, HB and AN systems had ~4.2‐, 2.3‐ and 1.9‐times higher CO2‐21 than fallow land in the top layer. CO2‐21 was positively correlated with NSC and SF but could not predict ERE well. Hence, legume tree‐based restoration tactics might be useful for improving land restoration and soil functionality in semiarid regions.
Spatiotemporal changes in cropland soil organic carbon in a rapidly urbanizing area of southeastern China from 1980 to 2015
Authors: Xie Enze , Zhang Xiu , Lu Fangyi , Peng Yuxuan , Zhao Yongcun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and their driving factors is an important prerequisite in decision‐making for maintaining sustainable agricultural development and addressing climate change. However, the impacts of urbanization‐induced changes in cropland management practices on the spatiotemporal changes in SOC and their implications remain unclear, in particular over different time periods. In this study, a total of 1219 cropland topsoil SOC data (0–20 cm) were collected from a rapidly urbanizing area of southeastern China (southern Jiangsu Province) in 1980, 2000, and 2015, and geostatistical sequential Gaussian simulations were used to identify the changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of SOC during the period of 1980–2015. Results showed that the changes in SOC within the different time periods were significantly different, with a net increment of 3.65 g kg−1during the period of 1980–2000 and a net decrement of 2.32 g kg−1during the period of 2000–2015. Significant SOC accumulation occurred throughout the study area during 1980–2000, while SOC decline became predominant in the southeast during 2000–2015. Overall, the SOC contents for 60% of the study area increased significantly over the entire 35‐year period. The SOC increase during the first two decades (1980–2000) was largely attributed to the increasing soil C input that resulted from the enhanced crop productivity by chemical fertilizers, while the stagnant soil carbon inputs associated with the rapid urban expansion were the primary reason for constraining cropland SOC accumulation in the subsequent 15 years (2000–2015). These findings highlight the importance of balancing agricultural development and urbanization processes to maintain SOC levels, and may also provide some guidance for planning cropland soil C management strategies in many areas that are undergoing similar urbanization processes.
Molecular Design of Isocyanurate Core‐Based Acrylates Undergoing Volume Expansion on Radical Photo‐Polymerization
Authors: Okamoto Shusuke , Shinozuka Toyofumi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of acrylates with an isocyanurate substituent that show significant volume expansion on radical photo‐polymerization is reported. The acrylate consisting of benzyl bisurethane moieties exhibits the largest volume expansion among them and contributes to restrict volume change upon its radical photo‐copolymerization with a diacrylate exhibiting volume shrinkage. Furthermore, a correlation is revealed between the volume change behavior and the polymer structure through the radical photo‐polymerization of the isocyanurate core‐based diacrylate with benzyl bisurethane moieties under various concentration conditions.
Genistein Stimulation of White Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis Is Partially Dependent on GPR30 in Mice
Authors: Vásquez‐Reyes Saraí , Vargas‐Castillo Ariana , Noriega Lilia G. , Velázquez‐Villegas Laura A. , Pérez Berenice , Sánchez‐Tapia Mónica , Ordaz Guillermo , Suárez‐Monroy Renato , Ulloa‐Aguirre Alfredo , Offner Halina , Torres Nimbe , Tovar Armando R. 
Published: February 2022

ScopeGenistein increases whole body energy expenditure by stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and thermogenesis. G‐Coupled receptor GPR30 can mediate some actions of genistein, however, it is not known whether it is involved in the activation of WAT‐thermogenesis. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine whether genistein activates thermogenesis coupled to an increase in WAT browning and mitochondrial activity, in GPR30+/+ and GPR30−/− mice.Methods and ResultsGPR30+/+ and GPR30−/− mice are fed control or high fat sucrose diets containing or not genistein for 8 weeks. Body weight and composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and browning markers in WAT, and oxygen consumption rate, 3’, 5’‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration and browning markers in adipocytes are evaluated. Genistein consumption reduces body weight and fat mass gain in a different extent in both genotypes, however, energy expenditure is lower in GPR30−/− compared to GPR30+/+ mice, accompanied by a reduction in browning markers, maximal mitochondrial respiration, cAMP concentration, and browning markers in cultured adipocytes from GPR30−/− mice. Genistein improves glucose tolerance in GPR30+/+, but this is partially observed in GPR30−/− mice.ConclusionThe results show that GPR30 partially mediates genistein stimulation of WAT thermogenesis and the improvement of glucose tolerance.
An NHC‐Mediated Metal‐Free Approach towards an NHC‐Coordinated Endocyclic Disilene
Authors: Lainer Thomas , Dange Deepak , Pillinger Michael , Fischer Roland C. , Kelterer Anne‐Marie , Jones Cameron , Haas Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA convenient metal‐free approach towards an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐coordinated disilene 2 is described. Compound 2, featuring the disilene incorporated in cyclopolysilane framework, was obtained in good yield and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the reaction mechanism provide a rationale for the observed reactivity and give detailed information on the bonding situation of the base‐stabilized disilene. Compound 2 undergoes thermal or light‐ induced (λ=456 nm) NHC loss, and a dimerization process to give a corresponding dimer with a Si10 skeleton. In order to shed light on the dimerization mechanism, DFT calculations were performed. Moreover, the reactivity of 2 was examined with selected examples of transition metal carbonyl compounds.
A practical technique for rapid characterisation of ent‐kaurane diterpenoids in Isodon serra (Maxim.) Hara by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Zhang Dedong , Wen Xuqing , Zhang Yuqian , Zhang Zhiqing , Jin Yiran , Du Yingfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe diterpenoids are the most important active constituents that contribute to the pharmacological efficacy of Isodon serra (Maxim.) Hara. Clinical studies have revealed that diterpenoids possess multiple features, e.g. antitumour, antitubercular and anti‐ischemic activities. Therefore, the identification and detection of diterpenoids may be equally important for understanding the pharmacological basis of diterpenoids and enhancing the product quality control of I. serra.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop a practical analysis approach of rapid characterisation using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) for the structure characterisation of the ent‐kaurane diterpenoids from I. serra.MethodologyThe analytical strategy was as follows: first, ent‐kaurane diterpenoids were detected by a novel on‐line data acquisition approach, i.e. sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment‐ion spectra (SWATH). Second, the MS of eight ent‐kaurane diterpenoids was explored, and their mass spectrum cleavage pathways were summarised and determined. Finally, the methanol extract of I. serra was studied using SWATH and identified by extracted ion chromatography (XIC).ResultsCompared to the traditional information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) method, SWATH significantly improved the hit rate of ent‐kaurane diterpenoids. With support from UHPLC separation and specific detection by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), 48 ent‐kaurane diterpenoids were successfully characterised and classified as ent‐kaurane diterpenoids from a complex matrix.ConclusionsThese combined qualitative methods were used to provide a potential approach for the characterisation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its preparations. Meanwhile, the SWATH provided a novel and reliable method for the structural characterisation of ent‐kaurane diterpenoids from other complicated TCMs.
Proteomics in antibiotic resistance and tolerance research: Mapping the resistome and the tolerome of bacterial pathogens
Authors: Sulaiman Jordy Evan , Lam Henry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAntibiotic resistance, the ability of a microbial pathogen to evade the effects of antibiotics thereby allowing them to grow under elevated drug concentrations, is an alarming health problem worldwide and has attracted the attention of scientists for decades. On the other hand, the clinical importance of persistence and tolerance as alternative mechanisms for pathogens to survive prolonged lethal antibiotic doses has recently become increasingly appreciated. Persisters and high‐tolerance populations are thought to cause the relapse of infectious diseases, and provide opportunities for the pathogens to evolve resistance during the course of antibiotic therapy. Although proteomics and other omics methodology have long been employed to study resistance, its applications in studying persistence and tolerance are still limited. However, due to the growing interest in the topic and recent progress in method developments to study them, there have been some proteomic studies that yield fresh insights into the phenomenon of persistence and tolerance. Combined with the studies on resistance, these collectively guide us to novel molecular targets for the potential drugs for the control of these dangerous pathogens. In this review, we surveyed previous proteomic studies to investigate resistance, persistence, and tolerance mechanisms, and discussed emerging experimental strategies for studying these phenotypes with a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution and high‐throughput proteomics.
Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT studies of Praseodymium (III) Octanoyl‐DL‐aminocarboxylate Complexes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Naren Gerile , Bao Tana , Shi Yifeng , Han Jiakang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRare‐earth amino acid complexes have attracted much attention for their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. In this study, we synthesized and characterized the praseodymium(III) complexes with octanoyl‐DL‐alaninates (Pr(oct‐ala)3), octanoyl‐DL‐phenylalaninate (Pr(oct‐phe)3), and octanoyl‐DL‐serinates (Pr(oct‐ser)3) ligands. Elemental analysis, NMR, and FT‐IR spectra confirmed the elemental content, and functional groups information in the synthesized complexes. The XRD profile demonstrated the amorphous structure of praseodymium(III) complexes. Polarized optical microscopy gave insight into the liquid crystal properties of the praseodymium(III) complexes. UV‐Vis and PL emission spectra illustrated the excellent optical absorption properties and emitted white light. DFT calculation confirming the chelating bidentate mode of praseodymium(III) complexes. The atoms in molecules theory calculated the topological properties of praseodymium(III) complexes. The ▿2ρ and ρc values are in the range of 0.1966–0.2019 a.u and 0.0583–0.0608 a.u, respectively, illustrating closed‐shell interactions between ligands and Pr3+.
Laser Fabricated Cu2O‐CuO/Ag Nanocomposite Films for SERS Application**
Authors: Yao Yu , Guo Wei , Hui Zhuang , Jin Chao , Peng Peng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNoble metals are widely used in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) because of the electromagnetic enhancement, which is from the surface plasma resonance on noble metal surface under the action of an electromagnetic field that can greatly enhance the Raman signal of the molecule. However, high cost limits their widespread use in realistic applications. Therefore, semiconductor nanomaterials have been introduced in SERS substrate. Here, we fabricate Cu2O‐CuO film on glass by direct laser writing and then mix with Ag NWs to form Cu2O‐CuO/Ag nanocomposite substrate. The composite substrate shows strong Raman resonance for both Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (4‐MBA), good uniformity and stability. LOD of R6G and 4‐MBA is 10−10 and 10−6 M, respectively. We further discuss the charge transfer process of metal‐semiconductor‐molecule (Ag‐Cu2O‐MBA and Ag‐CuO‐MBA) and Raman enhancement mechanism with XPS and UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy validation. This work provides a facile and low‐cost method of fabricating Cu2O‐CuO/Ag SERS nanocomposite substrate.
Functional Nanomaterials Based on Self‐Assembly of Endogenic NIR‐Absorbing Pigments for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Zou Qianli , Bao Jianwei , Yan Xuehai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEndogenic pigments derived from hemoglobin have been successfully applied in the clinic for both imaging and therapy based on their inherent photophysical and photochemical properties, including light absorption, fluorescence emission, and producing reactive oxygen species. However, the clinically approved endogenic pigments can be excited only by UV/vis light, restricting the penetration depth of in vivo applications. Recently, endogenic pigments with NIR‐absorbing properties have been explored for constructing functional nanomaterials. Here, the overview of NIR‐absorbing endogenic pigments, mainly bile pigments, and melanins, as emerging building blocks for supramolecular construction of diagnostic and therapeutic nanomaterials is provided. The endogenic origins, synthetic pathways, and structural characteristics of the NIR‐absorbing endogenic pigments are described. The self‐assembling approaches and noncovalent interactions in fabricating the nanomaterials are emphasized. Since bile pigments and melanins are inherently photothermal agents, the resulting nanomaterials are demonstrated as promising candidates for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Integration of additional diagnostic and therapeutic agents by the nanomaterials through chemical conjugation or physical encapsulation toward synergetic effects is also included. Especially, the degradation behaviors of the nanomaterials in biological environments are summarized. Along with the challenges, future perspectives are discussed for accelerating the ration design and clinical translation of NIR‐absorbing nanomaterials.
A numerical model capable of accurately simulating the punching shear behavior of a reinforced concrete slab
Authors: de Azevedo Palhares Rodolfo , Weitzel Rossignoli Felipe , Sales de Melo Guilherme , Jorge Nery de Lima Henrique 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe paper presents the tridimensional numeric model of an inner slab‐column connection of reinforced concrete, which was previously tested against the punching shear in the lab of the University of Brasília. The numerical analysis has been carried out by the finite element method, using the software ABAQUS. To evaluate the sensitivity of the main factors that influence the responses of the model, a parametric investigation was conducted as per the finite element mesh, mechanical properties of the concrete and plastic parameters of the assumed model for the concrete, named by concrete damaged plasticity model (CDPM). The results of the resistance capacity, displacements, strains, cracking pattern, and failure mode were compared with those obtained experimentally. From this comparison, it was concluded that the numerical model was able to reproduce the punching shear phenomenon with a high level of precision.