bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of Representative Crack Elements (RCE) for phase-field fracture: transient thermo-mechanics
Authors: Storm J. , Yin B. , Kaliske M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe phase-field formulation for fracture based on the framework of representative crack elements is extended to transient thermo-mechanics. The finite element formulation is derived starting from the variational principle of total virtual power. The intention of this manuscript is to demonstrate the potential of the framework for multi-physical fracture models and complex processes inside the crack. The present model at hand allows to predict realistic deformation kinematics and heat fluxes at cracks. At the application of fully coupled, transient thermo-elasticity to a pre-cracked plate, the opened crack yields thermal isolation between both parts of the plate. Inhomogeneous thermal strains result in a curved crack surface, inhomogeneous recontact and finally heat flow through the crack regions in contact. The novel phase-field framework further allows to study processes inside the crack, which is demonstrated by heat radiation between opened crack surfaces. Finally, numerically calculated crack paths at a disc subjected to thermal shock load are compared to experimental results from literature and a curved crack in a three-dimensional application are presented.
Interim analysis of a multicenter registry study of COVID-19 patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Japan (J-COSMOS)
Authors: Nakase Hiroshi , Hayashi Yuki , Hirayama Daisuke , Matsumoto Takayuki , Matsuura Minoru , Iijima Hideki , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Ohmiya Naoki , Ishihara Shunji , Hirai Fumihito , Abukawa Daiki , Hisamatsu Tadakazu ,   J-COSMOS group, Sasaki Makoto , Iizuka Masahiro , Fujiya Mikihiro , Matsumoto Takayuki , Kinjo Fukunori , Nakamura Shiro , Kamata Noriko , Iijima Hideki , Etani Yuri , Ueno Fumiaki , Hiraoka Sakiko , Kondo Takeo , Kagaya Takashi , Naganuma Makoto , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Kobayashi Taku , Yamamoto Shuji , Naito Yuji , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Furuta Yoki , Mitsuyama Keichi , Hashimoto Yu , Arai Katsuhiro , Kato Shingo , Iwama Itaru , Esaki Motohiro , Tanaka Hiroki , Nakase Hiroshi , Motoya Satoshi , Maemoto Atsuo , Ashida Tomofumi , Nishimata Nobuaki , Andoh Akira , Yamamoto Hironori , Ishihara Shunji , Shimizu Toshiaki , Maeda Yasuharu , Kinoshita Kenji , Fukuda Katuyuki , Kato Jun , Takeuchi Ken , Nagahori Masakazu , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Saruta Masayuki , Itabashi Michio , Shinozaki Masaru , Ishihara Soichiro , Yoshimura Naoki , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Kakuta Yoichi , Takahashi Kenichi , Sakemi Ryosuke , Nanjo Sohachi , Yoshikawa Shusaku , Ozeki Keiji , Fuchigami Ayako , Katsurada Takehiko , Watanabe Kenji , Sakuraba Hirotake , Hirai Fumihito , Hisabe Takashi , Ohmiya Naoki , Hokari Ryota , Nakai Katsuhiko , Abukawa Daiki , Yamamoto Shojiro , Koganei Kazutaka , Kunisaki Reiko , Hokama Akira 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a major impact on the health of people worldwide. The clinical background and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among Japanese patients with COVID-19 remains unclear.

Methods
This study is an observational cohort of Japanese IBD patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Data on age, sex, IBD (classification, treatment, and activity), COVID-19 symptoms and severity, and treatment of COVID-19 were analyzed.

Results
From 72 participating facilities in Japan, 187 patients were registered from June 2020 to October 2021. The estimated incidence of COVID19 in Japanese IBD patients was 0.61%. The majority of IBD patients with COVID-19 (73%) were in clinical remission. According to the WHO classification regarding COVID-19 severity, 93% (172/184) of IBD patients had non-severe episodes, while 7% (12/184) were severe cases including serious conditions. 90.9% (165/187) of IBD patients with COVID-19 had no change in IBD disease activity. A logistic regression analysis stepwise method revealed that older age, higher body mass index (BMI), and steroid use were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity. Six of nine patients who had COVID-19 after vaccination were receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibodies.

Conclusion
Age, BMI and steroid use were associated with COVID-19 severity in Japanese IBD patients.
The Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion and interstate migration in border regions of US States
Authors: Seifert Friederike 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the wake of the Affordable Care Act, some US states expanded Medicaid eligibility to low-income, working-age adults while others did not. This study investigates whether this divergence induces migration across state borders to obtain Medicaid, especially in border regions of expansion states. It compares border with interior regions’ in-migration in the concerned subgroup before and after the Medicaid expansion in linear probability difference-in-difference and triple difference regression frameworks. Using individual-level data from the American Community Surveys over 2012–2017, this study finds only a statistically significant increase in in-migration to border regions after the expansion in Arkansas. The differing results across states could stem from statistical power issues of the employed regression analysis but might also result from state peculiarities. In Arkansas, the odds of having migrated increase by about 48% in its border regions after the Medicaid expansion compared to before and control regions. If all additional migrants take up Medicaid, the number of Medicaid beneficiaries in these regions increases by approximately 4%. Thus, even if the induced migration is statistically significant, it appears unlikely to impose meaningful fiscal externalities at the regional level.
Edge-enhanced dual discriminator generative adversarial network for fast MRI with parallel imaging using multi-view information
Authors: Huang Jiahao , Ding Weiping , Lv Jun , Yang Jingwen , Dong Hao , Del Ser Javier , Xia Jun , Ren Tiaojuan , Wong Stephen T. , Yang Guang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn clinical medicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools for diagnosis, triage, prognosis, and treatment planning. However, MRI suffers from an inherent slow data acquisition process because data is collected sequentially in k-space. In recent years, most MRI reconstruction methods proposed in the literature focus on holistic image reconstruction rather than enhancing the edge information. This work steps aside this general trend by elaborating on the enhancement of edge information. Specifically, we introduce a novel parallel imaging coupled dual discriminator generative adversarial network (PIDD-GAN) for fast multi-channel MRI reconstruction by incorporating multi-view information. The dual discriminator design aims to improve the edge information in MRI reconstruction. One discriminator is used for holistic image reconstruction, whereas the other one is responsible for enhancing edge information. An improved U-Net with local and global residual learning is proposed for the generator. Frequency channel attention blocks (FCA Blocks) are embedded in the generator for incorporating attention mechanisms. Content loss is introduced to train the generator for better reconstruction quality. We performed comprehensive experiments on Calgary-Campinas public brain MR dataset and compared our method with state-of-the-art MRI reconstruction methods. Ablation studies of residual learning were conducted on the MICCAI13 dataset to validate the proposed modules. Results show that our PIDD-GAN provides high-quality reconstructed MR images, with well-preserved edge information. The time of single-image reconstruction is below 5ms, which meets the demand of faster processing.
The role of environmental conditions in regulating long-term dynamics of an invasive seaweed
Authors: Ravaglioli C. , Benedetti-Cecchi Lisandro , Bertocci Iacopo , Maggi Elena , Uyà M. , Bulleri Fabio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms underpinning long-term dynamics and viability of invader populations in the receiving environment remain largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that temporal variations in the abundance of a well-established invasive seaweed, Caulerpa cylindracea, in the NW Mediterranean, could be regulated by inter-annual fluctuations in environmental conditions. Abundance data of C. cylindracea, sampled repeatedly between 2005 and 2020 at the peak of its growing season (late summer/early fall), were related to interannual variations in seasonal seawater temperature, wind speed and rainfall recorded during different growth phases of the alga, in both subtidal and intertidal habitats. In both habitats, higher peak of C. cylindracea cover was associated with lower seawater temperature in spring and summer, when the seaweed exits the winter resting phase and starts a period of active growth. In addition, the peak abundance of subtidal C. cylindracea was positively associated with higher autumn wind speed intensity and spring daily total precipitation. Our study reveals the importance of seasonal and interannual variation of abiotic factors in shaping temporal patterns of abundance of C. cylindracea, in both subtidal and intertidal habitats. Identifying the factors underpinning invasive population temporal dynamics and viability is essential to predict the time and conditions under which an invader can thrive, and thus guide management strategies aimed to containing invasions under current and future climates.
Attention to values helps shape convergence research
Authors: Helgeson Casey , Nicholas Robert E. , Keller Klaus , Forest Chris E. , Tuana Nancy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConvergence research is driven by specific and compelling problems and requires deep integration across disciplines. The potential of convergence research is widely recognized, but questions remain about how to design, facilitate, and assess such research. Here we analyze a seven-year, twelve-million-dollar convergence project on sustainable climate risk management to answer two questions. First, what is the impact of a project-level emphasis on the values that motivate and tie convergence research to the compelling problems? Second, how does participation in convergence projects shape the research of postdoctoral scholars who are still in the process of establishing themselves professionally? We use an interview-based approach to characterize what the project specifically enabled in each participant’s research. We find that (a) the project pushed participants’ research into better alignment with the motivating concept of convergence research and that this effect was stronger for postdoctoral scholars than for more senior faculty. (b) Postdocs’ self-assessed understanding of key project themes, however, appears unconnected to metrics of project participation, raising questions about training and integration. Regarding values, (c) the project enabled heightened attention to values in the research of a large minority of participants. (d) Participants strongly believe in the importance of explicitly reflecting on values that motivate and pervade scientific research, but they question their own understanding of how to put value-focused science into practice. This mismatch of perceived importance with poor understanding highlights an unmet need in the practice of convergence science.
Possibilities of monitoring intraocular pressure in children using EASYTON transpalpebral tonometer
Authors: Iomdina Elena N. , Kushnarevich Nina Yu. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the effectiveness of transpalpebral scleral tonometry (TPST) and corneal pneumotonometry in children, and assess the discomfort level when measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) by these methods.

Methods
TPST using EASYTON tonometer (Russia) and pneumotonometry using Reichert 7 Non-contact AutoTonometer (USA) have been sequentially performed on 84 eyes (42 children aged 5–14, ave. 9.3 ± 2.7), including 64 myopic eyes (-0.5 to 6.75D), 18 hyperopic eyes (+ 0.75 to + 3.75D), and 2 emmetropic eyes. We assessed tolerance to the procedure on a five-point scale using a questionnaire which listed several criteria: discomfort, presence of pain, fear or anxiety during the procedure, the child's resistance to measurement.

Results
EASYTON tonometry demonstrated repeatability of IOP indicators when measuring the same eye three times sequentially and almost the same IOP level in paired eyes of isometropic children. Pneumotonometry reveals a greater individual data variability and a more pronounced asymmetry of the paired eyes’ indicators. IOP measured using the TPST was 18.3 ± 2.3 mmHg across the whole group, 18.2 ± 2.3 mmHg in myopic, and 18.5 ± 2.3 mmHg in hyperopic children. With pneumotonometry, the corresponding indicators were 17.1 ± 3.9 mmHg, 16.9 ± 3.8 mmHg, and 18.2 ± 4.0 mmHg. The average score for the TPST (4.64 ± 0.60 points) was significantly higher than that for pneumotonometry (3.85 ± 0.90 points) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
TPST provides broader possibilities for IOP control in pediatric practice, yielding more reliable and accurate results than pneumotonometry, eliminating the influence of corneal thickness and irregularity on the measurement result, and ensuring a calmer behavior and more comfort of children during the procedure.
Hygrothermal deterioration in carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates aged in marine-based environment (degradation mechanism, mechanical and physicochemical properties)
Authors: Ghabezi Pouyan , Harrison Noel M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the major challenges in off-shore tidal and wave energy devices is the ageing of these structures in the hostile marine environment, which limits their operating life. In this research, mechanical properties of aged glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy composite specimens including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural strength, and shear strength, following immersion in a representative accelerated marine degradation environment (artificial seawater, with 3.5% salinity at room temperature and 60 °C) have been investigated. The microstructure and physicochemical characterization of the aged samples were assessed via microscopic imaging, micro-CT scanning and differential scanning calorimetry. The degradation phenomenon was apparent in the change of mechanical properties and microstructure of composite laminates (micro-cracks and debonding between matrix and fibre). Generally, the ageing process had a more severe effect on tensile and shear strengths of glass/epoxy samples than those of carbon/epoxy specimens. Reversely, the results of bending tests of carbon/epoxy composites showed more drop-in flexural properties than glass/epoxy samples. The results revealed that degradation mechanisms continue even after reaching the saturation point in composite materials. The achievements of this research present a good understanding of the effect of degradation of composite materials in salt water to deal with their application in real service environment.
When Thinking About Work Makes Employees Reach for Their Devices: A Longitudinal Autoregressive Diary Study
Authors: Heissler Clara , Kern Marcel , Ohly Sandra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBased on the stressor-detachment model, previous research has assumed that work-related ICT use in the evening impairs psychological detachment. However, since most of the studies to date have assessed cross-sectional relationships, little is known about the actual direction of effects. In this 5-day diary study, we implemented a day-level longitudinal model to shed light on the causal relationships between work-related ICT use, detachment, and task progress (N = 340 employees, N = 1289 day-level cases). We also investigated the role of unfinished work tasks because we assumed, based on boundary theory, that they are a driving force leading to impaired detachment and work-related ICT use in the evening. Contrary to current research consensus but in line with our expectations, we found that low psychological detachment increased work-related ICT use and task progress. We found no evidence for reversed lagged effects. These results applied both to planned and unplanned ICT use. Furthermore, our results support the notion that unfinished work tasks precede ICT use and detachment. Thus, our findings suggest that work-related ICT use should not be treated as a stressor in its own right in the stressor-detachment model. Instead, it needs to be investigated as a behavioral outcome that employees engage in when they cannot detach from work.
Drug delivery for neuronopathic lysosomal storage diseases: evolving roles of the blood brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Sato Yuji , Minami Kohtaro , Hirato Toru , Tanizawa Kazunori , Sonoda Hiroyuki , Schmidt Mathias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhereas significant strides have been made in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), the neuronopathy associated with these diseases remains impervious mainly because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents delivery of large molecules to the brain. However, 100 years of research on the BBB since its conceptualization have clarified many of its functional and structural characteristics, spurring recent endeavors to deliver therapeutics across it to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neuronopathic LSDs. Along with the BBB, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) also functions to protect the microenvironment of the CNS, and it is therefore deeply involved in CNS disorders at large. Recent research aimed at developing therapeutics for neuronopathic LSDs has uncovered a number of critical roles played by the CSF that require further clarification. This review summarizes the most up-to-date understanding of the BBB and the CSF acquired during the development of therapeutics for neuronopathic LSDs, and highlights some of the associated challenges that require further research.
Aberrant expression of miRNAs in epilepsy
Authors: Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Abak Atefe , Taheri Mohammad , Jalili Khoshnoud Reza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpilepsy is manifested by intermittent convulsions and alterations in consciousness. This disorder has serious effects on daily functions and physical and mental health of affected patients. A variety of temporary irregularities in the function of brain can results in epilepsy. The molecular mechanism of epilepsy and the underlying causes of abnormal apoptotic responses in neurons, dysregulation of regenerative mechanisms in glial cells and abnormal immune reactions in the context of epilepsy are not clear. microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of cell apoptosis as well as regenerative and immune responses have been shown to affect pathologic events in epilepsy. In the current review, we aimed at defining the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. We have listed dysregulated miRNAs in animal models of epilepsy and human subjects. miR-25-3p, miR-494, miR-139-5p, miR-101a-3p, miR-344a, miR-129, miR-298 and miR-187 are among down-regulated miRNAs in epilepsy. Moreover, expressions of miR-132, miR-146a, miR-181a and miR-155 have been reported to be increased in epilepsy. A number of genetic variants within miRNAs can affect risk of epilepsy. We discuss the role of miRNAs in the development of epilepsy.
Energy-based monitoring and correction to enhance the accuracy and stability of explicit co-simulation
Authors: Rodríguez Borja , Rodríguez Antonio J. , Sputh Bernhard , Pastorino Roland , Naya Miguel Ángel , González Francisco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe simulation of complex engineering applications often requires the consideration of component-level dynamics whose nature and time-scale differ across the elements of which the system is composed. Co-simulation offers an effective approach to deal with the modelling and numerical integration of such assemblies by assigning adequate description and solution methods to each component. Explicit co-simulation, in particular, is frequently used when efficient code execution is a requirement, for instance in real-time setups. Using explicit schemes, however, can lead to the introduction of energy artifacts at the discrete-time interface between subsystems. The resulting energy errors deteriorate the accuracy of the co-simulation results and may in some cases develop into the instability of the numerical integration process. This paper discusses the factors that influence the severity of the energy errors generated at the interface in explicit co-simulation applications, and presents a monitoring and correction methodology to detect and remove them. The method uses only the information carried by the variables exchanged between the subsystems and the co-simulation manager. The performance of this energy-correction technique was evaluated in multi-rate co-simulation of mechanical and multiphysics benchmark examples.
Modeling the Electric and Dielectric Behaviors of the Gebel Kamil Iron Meteorite
Authors: Nabawy Bassem S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Gebel Kamil iron meteorite is a famous big meteorite, and it is considered among the rare well-preserved iron meteorites. In this study, its electric and dielectric properties, namely electric conductivity (σ), dielectric constant (ε′), and dielectric loss (ε″), were measured using alternating current at a wide range of frequencies (50 Hz–11.0 MHz). This electrical characterization process was performed to get a diagnostic electric behavior of the electric and dielectric parameters as a function of the applied frequency (f). It is revealed that, by increasing f, the σ increased, while the dielectric properties decreased systematically through three stages of frequency. The well-known octahedral structure of iron meteorites was imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with support by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) to analyze the chemical composition of the meteorite specimen. The EDAX indicated that the Gebel Kamil meteorite is a Ni–Fe alloy with no impurities (Ni = 20.4–22.3%, Fe = 77.7–79.6%). This chemical composition and the electric and dielectric behaviors of the studied Ni-rich Gebel Kamil meteorite specimen can be recorded as diagnostic features and properties of this Fe–Ni meteorite.