bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilient Nurses in the COVID-19 Compared With Non-COVID-19 Wards
Authors: Ghahramani Sulmaz , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Sayari Mohammad , Moradi Hekmatollah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Owing to daily exposure to high job stress, nurses need to use coping techniques. One of the coping strategies helping a person to cope with stressful situations effectively is resiliency skills. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the factors related to nurses’ resiliency during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.

Methods:
The resiliency of 288 nurses, 145 nurses from the COVID-19 wards , and 143 nurses from other wards were compared using 25-item Connor & Davidson Resilience Questionnaire. This study was conducted in 2021 in four referral hospitals at Shiraz.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 32 y. The average resilience score in the in the participants worked in COVID-19 wards was 95.30 for men and 87.72 for women, and in the non-COVID-19 wards was 85.82 for men and 88.48 for women. The mean resiliency scores of nurses working in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards did not show a statistically significant difference. Factors affecting resilience included age, employment status, gender, and job expectancy.

Conclusions:
In this study, the resiliency of nurses working in COVID-19 wards did not differed from that of working in non-COVID-19 ones. This result should be further investigated and elaborated. Health policymakers should consider job expectation, gender, age, and employment status of nurses when making plans for future pandemics.
Urban transformation in the Central Medjerda Valley (north-west Tunisia) in late antiquity and the middle ages: a regional approach
Authors: Fenwick Corisande , Dufton Andrew , Ardeleanu Stefan , Chaouali Moheddine , Möller Heike , Pagels Julia , von Rummel Philipp 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent scholarship on North African cities has done much to dispel earlier assumptions about late antique collapse and demonstrate significant continuity into the Byzantine and medieval periods. Yet urban changes did not affect North Africa evenly. Far less is known about the differing regional trajectories that shaped urban transformation and the extent to which pre-Roman and Roman micro-regions continued to share meaningful characteristics in subsequent periods. This article provides a preliminary exploration of regional change from the fourth to the eleventh century focused on a zone in the Central Medjerda Valley (Tunisia) containing the well-known sites of Bulla Regia and Chimtou. We place these towns in their wider historical and geographical setting and interrogate urban change by looking at investment in public buildings and spaces, religious buildings and housing, and ceramic networks. The process of comparison identifies new commonalities (and differences) between the sites of this stretch of the Medjerda River and provides a framework for understanding the many transformations of North African cities over the long late antiquity.
Relative validity of the online Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire for evaluating the overall diet quality and quality of each meal type in Japanese adults
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Shinozaki Nana , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Kimoto Nana , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relative validity of the online Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire (MDHQ) for assessing the overall diet quality and quality of each meal type (breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks). In total, 222 Japanese adults (111 for each sex) aged 30–76 years completed the online MDHQ and then the 4-non-consecutive-day weighed dietary record (DR). The diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). For the HEI-2015, compared with the DR, the MDHQ provided high median values for breakfast (in women only) and dinner and low median values for snacks. There were no significant differences observed for overall diet and lunch. For the NRF9.3, the MDHQ provided higher median values for breakfast and dinner and a lower median value for overall diet than the DR in women, with no significant differences for lunch and snacks. In men, no significant difference was observed, except for overall diet (the MDHQ providing a lower median value). For the HEI-2015, median Spearman correlation coefficient was 0·43, with a range from 0·12 (snacks in women) to 0·68 (breakfast in men). For the NRF9.3, median Spearman correlation coefficient was 0·47, with a range from 0·26 (snacks in men) to 0·65 (breakfast in men). Bland–Altman plots showed wide limits of agreement and, in some cases, proportional bias. In conclusion, the online MDHQ showed an acceptable ability for ranking individuals according to the quality of overall diet, breakfast, lunch and dinner, but not snacks.
Chirostyloid and galatheoid anomurans (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Indian waters, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Padate Vinay P. , Cubelio Sherine Sonia , Osawa Masayuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeven species of chirostyloid and galatheoid crustaceans, including three new species, are reported from the eastern Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, India, based on material from depths ranging from 32–1420 metres.Trapezionida samudrikasp. nov. appears close toT. munin(Komai, 2011), but is distinguished by the shape of the carapace and fourth thoracic sternite, the armature of the third maxilliped merus, the length and armature of the cheliped, and the armature of the ambulatory legs.Paramunida travancoricasp. nov. differs from its closest speciesP. bineeshiMacpherson, Chan, Kumar & Rodriguez-Flores, 2020,P. mozambicaCabezas, Macpherson & Machordom, 2010, andP. stichasMacpherson, 1993 in the morphology of the carapace and antennular and antennal peduncles.Munidopsis bhavasagarasp. nov. is similar toM. dentifalxOsawa, Lin & Chan, 2007, but distinguishable by the absence of a pair of elevated, short ridges on the epigastric carapace region and the proportionally shorter chelipeds and ambulatory legs. The present material ofMunidopsis unguiferaAlcock & Anderson, 1894 represents only the third record of the species in India and a detailed description and illustrations are provided to supplement the previous descriptions. The remaining three species,Eumunida multispinaKomai, Chakraborty, Paramasivam & Gidda, 2019,Munidopsis scobinaAlcock, 1894, andM. stylirostrisWood-Mason in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891, are recorded from additional localities within their known geographic regions.
Association between physical activity status and severity of COVID-19 in older adults
Authors: Tsuzuki Shinya , Akiyama Takayuki , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The risk factors specific to the elderly population for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) are not yet clear. We performed an exploratory analysis using logistic regression to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 illness among 4,868 older adults with a positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test result who were admitted to a healthcare facility between 1 January 2022 and 16 May 2022. We then conducted one-to-one propensity score (PS) matching for three factors – dementia, admission from a long-term care facility and poor physical activity status – and used Fisher's exact test to compare the proportion of severe COVID-19 cases in the matched data. We also estimated the average treatment effect on treated (ATT) in each PS matching analysis. Of the 4,868 cases analysed, 1,380 were severe. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, male sex, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, renal failure and/or dialysis, physician-diagnosed obesity, admission from a long-term care facility and poor physical activity status were risk factors for severe disease. Vaccination and dementia were identified as factors associated with non-severe illness. The ATT for dementia, admission from a long-term care facility and poor physical activity status was −0.04 (95% confidence interval −0.07 to −0.01), 0.09 (0.06 to 0.12) and 0.17 (0.14 to 0.19), respectively. Our results suggest that poor physical activity status and living in a long-term care facility have a substantial association with the risk of severe COVID-19 caused by the Omicron VOC, while dementia may be associated with non-severe illness.
Out-of-hours versus in-hours delivery of antenatally diagnosed transposition of the great arteries: outcomes from a United Kingdom Tertiary Centre
Authors: Cave Daniel G.W. , Lillitos Peter J. , Lancaster Rebecca , Bentham James R. , Barwick Shuba 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo study the impact of out-of-hours delivery on outcome for neonates with antenatally diagnosed transposition of the great arteries.SettingTertiary paediatric cardiology centre (Yorkshire, United Kingdom), with co-located tertiary neonatal unit.PatientsNeonates with antenatally diagnosed simple transposition of the great arteries delivered out-of-hours (Monday to Friday 17:00–08:00 and weekends) versus in-hours between 2015 and 2020.OutcomeThe primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included neurological morbidity, length of stay, and time to balloon atrial septostomy.ResultsOf 51 neonates, 38 (75%) were delivered out-of-hours. All neonates born in the tertiary centre survived to discharge. Time to balloon atrial septostomy was slightly longer for out-of-hours deliveries compared to in-hours (median 130 versus 93 mins, p = 0.33). Neurological morbidity occurred for nine (24%) patients in the out-of-hours group and one (8%) in-hours (OR 3.72, 95% CI: 0.42–32.71, p = 0.24). Length of stay was also similar (18.5 versus 17.3 days, p = 0.59). Antenatal diagnosis of a restrictive atrial septum was associated with a lower initial pH (7.03 versus 7.13; CI: 0.03–0.17, p = 0.01), longer length of stay (22.6 versus 17.3 days; CI: 0.37–10.17, p = 0.04), and increased neurological morbidity (44% versus 14%; OR 4.80, CI 1.00–23.15, p = 0.05). A further three neonates were delivered in surrounding hospitals, with a mortality of 67% (versus 0 in tertiary centre; OR 172, CI 5-5371, p = 0.003).ConclusionNeonates with antenatally diagnosed transposition of the great arteries have similar outcomes when delivered out-of-hours versus in-hours. Antenatal diagnosis of restrictive atrial septum is a significant predictor of worse outcomes. In our region, delivery outside the tertiary cardiac centre had a significantly higher risk of mortality.
Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Workforce Development Strategies: Delphi Consensus Study
Authors: Hung Kevin K.C. , MacDermot Makiko K. , Chan Emily Y.Y. , Mashino Sonoe , Balsari Satchit , Ciottone Gregory R. , Della Corte Francesco , Dell’Aringa Marcelo F. , Egawa Shinichi , Evio Bettina D. , Hart Alexander , Ishii Tadashi , Ragazzoni Luca , Sasaki Hiroyuki , Walline Joseph Harold , Wong Chi S. , Dalal Saurabh , Kayano Ryoma , Abrahams Jonathan , Huda Qudsia , Graham Colin A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Health workforce development is essential for achieving the goals of an effective health system, as well as establishing national Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM).Study Objective:The objective of this Delphi consensus study was to identify strategic recommendations for strengthening the workforce for Health EDRM in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC).Methods:A total of 31 international experts were asked to rate the level of importance (one being strongly unimportant to seven being strongly important) for 46 statements that contain recommendations for strengthening the workforce for Health EDRM. The experts were divided into a LMIC group and an HIC group. There were three rounds of rating, and statements that did not reach consensus (SD ≥ 1.0) proceeded to the next round for further ranking.Results:In total, 44 statements from the LMIC group and 34 statements from the HIC group attained consensus and achieved high mean scores for importance (higher than five out of seven). The components of the World Health Organization (WHO) Health EDRM Framework with the highest number of recommendations were “Human Resources” (n = 15), “Planning and Coordination” (n = 7), and “Community Capacities for Health EDRM” (n = 6) in the LMIC group. “Policies, Strategies, and Legislation” (n = 7) and “Human Resources” (n = 7) were the components with the most recommendations for the HIC group.Conclusion:The expert panel provided a comprehensive list of important and actionable strategic recommendations on workforce development for Health EDRM.
Profiles of language and communication abilities in adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Poth Lauren D. , Love Tracy , Mattson Sarah N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective:Language and communication are largely understudied among youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Findings have been mixed, and have generally focused on more severely affected (i.e., children with FAS alone) or younger children. This study aimed to elucidate the profiles of language (i.e., receptive, expressive, general language) and communication (i.e., functional, social) abilities in adolescents with FASD.Method:Participants aged 12–17 years with (AE = 31) and without (CON = 29) prenatal alcohol exposure were included. Receptive and expressive language were measured by the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – Fifth Edition (CELF-5). Parents or caregivers completed the Children’s Communication Checklist – Second Edition as a subjective measure of general language skills. Functional communication was measured by the Student Functional Assessment of Verbal Reasoning and Executive Strategies and parents or caregivers completed the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales as a measure of social communication. Multivariate analysis of variance determined the overall profiles of language and communication and whether they differed between groups.Results:The AE group performed significantly lower than the CON group on receptive language and parent report of general language while groups did not significantly differ on expressive language. Groups did not significantly differ on functional communication while social communication was significantly lower in the AE group.Conclusions:Results of this study provide important information regarding the overall profile of basic language abilities and higher-level communication skills of adolescents with FASD. Ultimately, improving communication skills of youth with FASD may translate to better overall functioning.
Quantifying spillovers of coordinated investment stimulus in the EU
Authors: Pfeiffer Philipp , Varga Janos , in ’t Veld Jan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn response to the recession brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, EU-wide macroeconomic policy has launched an unprecedented coordinated fiscal expansion across the EU (Next Generation EU or NGEU), financed by issuing common debt. Given NGEU’s nature, it is essential to take fiscal spillovers into consideration when assessing the overall macroeconomic effects of this fiscal expansion. We quantify the effects of the additional public investment for all Member States in a rich macro-model with a trade structure. Our model suggests that, on average, GDP effects are around one-third larger when explicitly accounting for the spillover effects from individual-country measures. For small open economies with smaller NGEU allocations, spillover effects account for the bulk of the GDP impact. We also quantify key transmission channels.
Climate Warming Alters Nutrient Storage in Seasonally Dry Forests: Insights From a 2,300 m Elevation Gradient
Authors: Yang Yang , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Barnes Morgan E. , Moreland Kimber C. , Tian Zhiyuan , Kelly Anne E. , Bales Roger C. , O'Geen Anthony T. , Goulden Michael L. , Hartsough Peter , Hart Stephen C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding potential response of forest carbon (C) and nutrient storage to warming is important for climate mitigation policies. Unfortunately, those responses are difficult to predict in seasonally dry forests, in part, because ecosystem processes are highly sensitive to both changes in temperature and precipitation. We investigated how warming might alter stocks of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in vegetation and the entire regolith (soil + weathered bedrock or “saprock”) using a space‐for‐time substitution along a bioclimatic gradient in the Sierra Nevada, California. The pine‐oak and mixed‐conifer forests between 1,160–2,015 m elevation have more optimal climates (not too dry or hot) for ecosystem productivity, soil weathering, and cycling of essential elements than the oak savannah (405 m) and subalpine forest (2,700 m). We found decreases in overstory vegetation nutrient stocks with decreasing elevation because of enhanced water limitation and greater occurrence of disturbances. Stocks of C, N, and P in the entire regolith peaked at the pine‐oak and mixed‐conifer forests across the bioclimatic gradient, driven by thicker regolith profiles and greater nutrient input rates. These observations suggest long‐term warming will decrease ecosystem nutrient storage at the warmer, transitional pine‐oak zone, but will increase nutrient storage at the colder, subalpine zone. Assuming steady‐state conditions, we found the mean residence time of ecosystem C decreased with projected rising air temperatures and increased following a major drought event across the bioclimatic gradient. Our study emphasizes potentially elevation‐dependent changes in nutrient storage and C persistence with warming in seasonally dry forests.
Estuarine Salinity Response to Freshwater Pulses
Authors: Biemond Bouke , de Swart Huib E. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Díez‐Minguito Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFreshwater pulses (during which river discharge is much higher than average) occur in many estuaries and strongly impact estuarine functioning. To gain insight into the estuarine salinity response to freshwater pulses, an idealized model is presented. With respect to earlier models on the spatiotemporal behavior of salinity in estuaries, it includes additional processes that provide a more detailed vertical structure of salinity. Simulation of an observed salinity response to a freshwater pulse in the Guadalquivir Estuary (Spain) shows that this is important to adequately simulate the salinity structure. The model is used to determine the dependency of the estuarine salinity response to freshwater pulses for different background discharge, tides, and different intensities and durations of the pulses. Results indicate that the change in salt intrusion length due to a freshwater pulse is proportional to the ratio between peak and background river discharge and depends linearly on the duration of the pulse if there is no equilibration during the pulse. The adjustment time, which is the time it takes for the estuary to reach equilibrium after an increase in river discharge, scales with the ratio of the change in salt intrusion length and the peak river discharge. The recovery time, that is, the time it takes for the estuary to reach equilibrium after a decrease in river discharge, does not depend on the amount of decrease in salt intrusion length caused by the pulse. The strength of the tides is of minor importance to the salt dynamics during and after the pulse.
Life Underground: Investigating Microbial Communities and Their Biomarkers in Mars‐Analog Lava Tubes at Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve
Authors: Weng M. M. , Zaikova E. , Millan M. , Williams A. J. , McAdam A. C. , Knudson C. A. , Fuqua S. R. , Wagner N. Y. , Craft K. , Kobs Nawotniak S. , Shields A. , Bevilacqua J. , Bai Y. , Hughes S. S. , Garry W. B. , Heldmann J. L. , Lim D. S. S. , Buckner D. , Gant P. , Johnson S. S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCraters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve (CotM) is a strong terrestrial analog for lava tube formations on Mars. The commonality of its basalt composition to Martian lava tubes makes it especially useful for probing how interactions between water, rock, and life have developed over time, and what traces of these microbial communities may be detectable by current flight‐capable instrumentation. Our investigations found that secondary mineral deposits within these caves contain a range of underlying compositions that support diverse and active microbial communities. Examining the taxonomy, activity, and metabolic potential of these communities revealed largely heterotrophic life strategies supported by contributions from chemolithoautotrophs that facilitate key elemental cycles. Finally, traces of these microbial communities were detectable by flight‐capable pyrolysis and wet chemistry gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry methods comparable to those employed by the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument aboard the Curiosity rover and the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) on the upcoming Rosalind Franklin rover. Using a suite of methods for chemical derivatization of organic compounds is beneficial for resolving the greatest variety of biosignatures. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), for example, allowed for optimal resolution of long chain fatty acids. Taken together, these results have implications for the direction of mass spectrometry as a tool for biosignature detection on Mars, as well as informing the selection of sampling sites that could potentially host biosignatures.
Impacts of Heterogeneous Chemistry on Vertical Profiles of Martian Ozone
Authors: Brown M. A. J. , Patel M. R. , Lewis S. R. , Holmes J. A. , Sellers G. J. , Streeter P. M. , Bennaceur A. , Liuzzi G. , Villanueva G. L. , Vandaele A. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe show a positive vertical correlation between ozone and water ice using a vertical cross‐correlation analysis with observations from the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter's Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery instrument. This is particularly apparent during LS = 0°–180°, Mars Year 35 at high southern latitudes, when the water vapor abundance is low. Ozone and water vapor are anti‐correlated on Mars; Clancy et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.016) also discuss the anti‐correlation between ozone and water ice. However, our simulations with gas‐phase‐only chemistry using a 1‐D model show that ozone concentration is not influenced by water ice. Heterogeneous chemistry has been proposed as a mechanism to explain the underprediction of ozone in global climate models (GCMs) through the removal of HOx. We find improving the heterogeneous chemical scheme by creating a separate tracer for the HOx adsorbed state, causes ozone abundance to increase when water ice is present (30–50 km), better matching observed trends. When water vapor abundance is high, there is no consistent vertical correlation between observed ozone and water ice and, in simulated scenarios, the heterogeneous chemistry has a minor influence on ozone. HOx, which are by‐products of water vapor, dominate ozone abundance, masking the effects of heterogeneous chemistry on ozone, and making adsorption of HOx have a negligible impact on ozone. This is consistent with gas‐phase‐only modeled ozone, showing good agreement with observations when water vapor is abundant. Overall, the inclusion of heterogeneous chemistry improves the ozone vertical structure in regions of low water vapor abundance, which may partially explain GCM ozone deficits.