bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechano‐Responsive Spiropyran Microbeads: A Facile Fabrication Strategy for Self‐Reporting Materials
Authors: Jang Han Gyeol , Jo Jun Young , Park Hyungbum , Jung Yong Chae , Choi Yong‐Seok , Jung Sungmin , Lee Doh C. , Kim Jaewoo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpiropyran (SP) mechanophores are attracting attention as next‐generation smart materials that can self‐diagnose stress or strain thanks to their capacity for stress visualization with superior sensitivity. However, at present, to achieve the self‐reporting functionality, it is considered essential that SP is chemically bonded to a host matrix, which has greatly limited its application. In this paper, mechano‐responsive SP beads that can render a material self‐reporting by means of simple physical mixing are presented. The synthesis of SP beads is achieved in a microemulsifying needle via dispersion polymerization, and their application to various polymers and aluminum through blending or surface coating methods is reported. The self‐reporting property of the specimen, evaluated by in situ measurements of color and full‐field fluorescence during deformation, allows both homogeneous and spatially heterogeneous stress distributions to be successfully visualized; the experimental measurements are in good agreement with the finite element simulations. It is also observed that the mechano‐response of SP beads is highly dependent on the stiffness of the matrix. The surface‐coating method is demonstrated to possess great advantages in terms of applicability, sensitivity, and scalability, facilitating accurate self‐diagnosis of the onset and propagation of damage in real time, even under complex stress conditions.
Electronic Fibers/Textiles for Health‐Monitoring: Fabrication and Application
Authors: Yin Zhe , Lu Haojie , Gan Linli , Zhang Yingying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe requirements for comfort, multifunctionality, and aesthetic value of wearable electronics have increased owing to the development of smart wearables. Traditional wearable electronics lack flexibility, softness, and breathability; therefore, they are unsuitable for long‐term use. Recently, electronic fibers/textiles, which have a similar morphology to traditional fibers/textiles and have been imparted electronic functions, have attracted increasing interest. In this review, the latest advances in the fabrication and applications of electronic fibers/textiles, especially for health‐monitoring devices are summarized. First, the fabrication methods of electronic fibers/textiles are systematically introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of each fabrication method are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of electronic fibers/textiles in health‐monitoring devices for sensing human motion, electrochemical and electrical signals, humidity, and temperature, are reviewed. As an integrated part of health monitoring, display textiles with information feedback functions are also reviewed. Furthermore, the progress in integrated multifunctional textiles is briefly discussed. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of electronic fibers/textiles are presented. Owing to the joint efforts of researchers in the materials, textile, and electronics industries, electronic fibers/textiles have become increasingly important in health management, medical care, and human–machine interfaces, and have changed the daily lives.
A Hollow Core‐Sheath Composite Fiber Based on Polyaniline/Polyurethane: Preparation, Properties, and Multi‐Model Strain Sensing Performance
Authors: Wu Yuting , Yan Tao , Zhang Keqin , Pan Zhijuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlexible strain sensors are gradually developing toward being textile‐shaped and multifunctional. Here, a microfluidic spinning strategy with special designed coaxial‐like needles is developed to fabricate conductive fibers with multi‐model strain sensing properties. The coaxial‐like needle can regulate the fiber's structure and characteristics by adjusting the meeting point of core and sheath solution. First, a polyaniline (PANI)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐based blended composite fiber (PTBF) with unique hollow‐porous morphology is prepared. The PTBF fibrous sensors with 30 wt.% PANI obtain a large strain range (50% strain), while the PTBFs with 50 wt.% PANI possess a high sensitivity (gauge factor of 160). On this basis, a PANI/TPU‐based core–sheath composite fiber (PTCF) is fabricated by changing the core and sheath solutions. PTCFs exhibit satisfactory multi‐model strain sensing capabilities, including tensile, bending, and pressure. The results show that the resistance of PTCF is extremely sensitive to tensile deformation. The PTCF‐based fibrous sensor can also detect 0–180° bending strains and 0.1–2 N pressure strains. The multi‐model strain sensor can be used in motion monitoring, gesture discrimination, finger‐pressure recognition, and flexible circuit switches. This work may provide a foundation for the direct integration of fiber‐based strain sensors into smart clothing.
Higher Water‐Splitting Performance of Boron‐Based Porous CoMnB Electrocatalyst over the Benchmarks at High Current in 1 m KOH and Real Sea Water
Authors: Lin Shusen , Habib Md Ahasan , Mandavkar Rutuja , Kulkarni Rakesh , Burse Shalmali , Chung Young‐Uk , Liu Changsheng , Wang Zilin , Lin Shiwei , Jeong Jae‐Hun , Lee Jihoon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts at an affordable cost is an essential component for the large‐scale implementation of green hydrogen production. In this work, the fabrication of porous CoMnB electrocatalyst is demonstrated with the incorporation of boron into the Co‐Mn matrix by an electrochemical approach for bifunctional water electrocatalysis for the first time. The optimized CoMnB electrocatalyst demonstrates an excellent bifunctionality with a low 2‐E turnover voltage of 1.59 V at 20 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. The CoMnB shows a comparable water‐splitting current at low current range as compared with the standard benchmark electrodes of Pt/C||RuO2 in 1 m KOH. Then, the CoMnB outperforms the benchmarks at above 800 mA cm−2, indicating a better H2 and O2 generation performance at the industrial operational condition of high current range. The CoMnB also exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity in real sea water +1 m KOH. In addition, the porous CoMnB electrocatalyst exhibits an excellent stability with stable current for continuous 72 h operation at high current and excellent repeatability after 1000 cycles. The result ranks the CoMnB as one of the best transition metal‐based water‐splitting electrocatalysts at low cost with an easy fabrication approach.
Pinaceae Fir Resins as Natural Dielectrics for Low Voltage Operating, Hysteresis‐Free Organic Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Ivić Jelena , Petritz Andreas , Irimia Cristian Vlad , Kahraman Bilge , Kanbur Yasin , Bednorz Mateusz , Yumusak Cigdem , Aslam Muhammad Awais , Matković Aleksandar , Saller Klara , Schwarzinger Clemens , Schühly Wolfgang , Smeds Annika I. , Salinas Yolanda , Schiek Manuela , Mayr Felix , Xu Chunlin , Teichert Christian , Osiac Mariana , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Stadlober Barbara , Irimia‐Vladu Mihai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural dielectrics are emerging nowadays as a niche selection of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability for electronics and sensors within the overall effort of scientific community to achieve sustainable development and to build environmental consciousness. The two natural resins analyzed in this study, silver fir and Rocky mountain fir demonstrate robust dielectric properties and excellent film forming capabilities, while being trap free dielectrics in high‐performance organic field effect transistors (OFETs) operating at voltages as low as 1 V. Immense research possibilities are demonstrated through the avenue of inorganic nanofillers insertions in the natural resins film, that opens the door for fabrication of very low voltage OFETs with high dielectric constant insulating layers.
The Alzheimer's Association appropriate use recommendations for blood biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Hansson Oskar , Edelmayer Rebecca M. , Boxer Adam L. , Carrillo Maria C. , Mielke Michelle M. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Salloway Stephen , Sperling Reisa , Zetterberg Henrik , Teunissen Charlotte E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBlood‐based markers (BBMs) have recently shown promise to revolutionize the diagnostic and prognostic work‐up of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as to improve the design of interventional trials. Here we discuss in detail further research needed to be performed before widespread use of BBMs. We already now recommend use of BBMs as (pre‐)screeners to identify individuals likely to have AD pathological changes for inclusion in trials evaluating disease‐modifying therapies, provided the AD status is confirmed with positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. We also encourage studying longitudinal BBM changes in ongoing as well as future interventional trials. However, BBMs should not yet be used as primary endpoints in pivotal trials. Further, we recommend to cautiously start using BBMs in specialized memory clinics as part of the diagnostic work‐up of patients with cognitive symptoms and the results should be confirmed whenever possible with CSF or PET. Additional data are needed before use of BBMs as stand‐alone diagnostic AD markers, or before considering use in primary care.
Phenol‐benzoxazolone bioisosteres of GluN2B‐NMDA receptor antagonists: Unexpected rearrangement during reductive alkylation with phenylcyclohexanone
Authors: Markus Alexander , Schreiber Julian A. , Goerges Gunnar , Frehland Bastian , Schepmann Dirk , Daniliuc Constantin , Fröhlich Roland , Seebohm Guiscard , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNegative allosteric modulators of N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartate receptors containing the GluN2B subunit represent promising drug candidates for the treatment of various neurological disorders including stroke, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. To increase the bioavailability and GluN2B affinity, the phenol of the potent benzazepine‐based inhibitor, WMS‐1410 (3), was replaced bioisosterically by a benzoxazolone moiety and the phenylbutyl side chain was conformationally restricted in a phenylcyclohexyl substituent. A four‐step, one‐pot procedure transformed the oxazolo‐benzazepine 7 into the phenylcyclohexyl derivative 11. The same protocol was applied to the methylated analog 12, which unexpectedly led to ring‐contracted oxazolo‐isoquinolines 18. This rearrangement was explained by the additional methyl moiety in the 8‐position inhibiting the formation of the planar intermediate iminium ion with phenylcyclohexanone. The allyl protective group of 11 and 18 was removed with RhCl3 and HCl to obtain the tricyclic compounds 5 and 19 without substituent at the oxazolone ring. The structures of the rearranged products 18 and 19 were elucidated by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. The oxazolo‐isoquinoline trans‐18 with allyl moiety (Ki = 89 nM) and the oxazolo‐benzazepine 5 without substituent at the oxazolone ring (Ki = 114 nM) showed GluN2B affinity in the same range as the lead compound 3. In two‐electrode voltage clamp measurements, 5 displayed only weak inhibitory activity.
Converting a mAb downstream process from batch to continuous using process modeling and process analytical technology
Authors: Chen Ran , Chen Xu‐Jun , Shi Ce , Jiao Biao , Shi Ye , Yao Bin , Lin Dong‐Qiang , Gong Wei , Hsu Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical market is driving the revolution from traditional batch processes to continuous manufacturing for higher productivity and lower costs. In this work, a batch mAb downstream process has been converted into an integrated continuous process with the combination of multiple techniques. For process intensification, two batch mode unit operations (protein A capture chromatography, ultrafiltration/diafiltration) were converted into continuous ones; for continuity, surge tanks were used between adjacent steps, and level signals were used to trigger process start or stop, forming a holistic continuous process. For process automation, manual operations (e.g., pH and conductivity adjustment) were changed into automatic operation and load mass was controlled with process analytical technology (PAT). A model‐based simulation was applied to estimate the loading conditions for the continuous capture process, resulting in 21% resin capacity utilization and 28% productivity improvement as compared to the batch process. Automatic load mass control of cation exchange chromatography (CEX) was achieved through a customized in‐line protein quantity monitoring system, with a difference of less than 1.3% as compared to off‐line analysis. Total process time was shortened from 4 days (batch process) to less than 24 hours using the continuous downstream process with the overall productivity of 23.8 g mAb per day for the bench‐scale system. Comparable yield and quality data were obtained in three test runs, indicating a successful conversion from a batch process to a continuous process. The insight of this work could be a reference to other similar situations.
Hyperthermia combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Synergistic sensitization and clinical outcomes
Authors: Liu Pengyuan , Ye Mengna , Wu Yajun , Wu Lichao , Lan Kaiping , Wu Zhibing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWithin the field of oncotherapy, research interest regarding immunotherapy has risen to the point that it is now seen as a key application. However, inherent disadvantages of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as their low response rates and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), currently restrict their clinical application. Were these disadvantages to be overcome, more patients could derive prolonged benefits from ICIs. At present, many basic experiments and clinical studies using hyperthermia combined with ICI treatment (HIT) have been performed and shown the potential to address the above challenges. Therefore, this review extensively summarizes the knowledge and progress of HIT for analysis and discusses the effect and feasibility.MethodsIn this review, we explored the PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases, with regard to the searching terms “immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, ablation, photothermal therapy”.ResultsBy reviewing the literature, we analyzed how hyperthermia influences tumor immunology and improves the efficacy of ICI. Hyperthermia can trigger a series of multifactorial molecular cascade reactions between tumors and immunization and can significantly induce cytological modifications within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The pharmacological potency of ICIs can be enhanced greatly through the immunomodulatory amelioration of immunosuppression, and the activation of immunostimulation. Emerging clinical trials outcome regarding HIT have verified and enriched the theoretical foundation of synergistic sensitization.ConclusionHIT research is now starting to transition from preclinical studies to clinical investigations. Several HIT sensitization mechanisms have been reflected and demonstrated as significant survival benefits for patients through pioneering clinical trials. Further studies into the theoretical basis and practical standards of HIT, combined with larger‐scale clinical studies involving more cancer types, will be necessary for the future
Breast cancer in East Africa: Prevalence and spectrum of germline SNV/indel and CNVs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes among breast cancer patients in Tanzania
Authors: Rweyemamu Linus P. , Gültaşlar Büşra K. , Akan Gokce , Dharsee Nazima , Namkinga Lucy A. , Lyantagaye Sylvester L. , Yazıcı Hülya , Atalar Fatmahan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrowing prevalence and aggressiveness of breast cancer (BC) among East African women strongly indicate that the genetic risk factor implicated in the etiology of the disease may have a key role. Germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) are known to increase the lifetime risk of BC. This study investigated the prevalence and spectrum of germline single nucleotide variant/insertion and deletion (SNV/indel), and copy number variations (CNVs) in BRCA1/2 among Tanzanian BC patients, and evaluated the associations of identified variants with patient's socio‐demographic and histopathological characteristics.MethodsOne hundred BC patients were examined for BRCA1/2 variants using next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay were performed for the confirmation of SNV/indel and CNVs, respectively.ResultsSix germline SNV/indel pathogenic variants were detected from six unrelated patients. Five of these variants were identified in BRCA1, and one in BRCA2. We also identified, in one patient, one variant of uncertain clinical significance (VUS). CNV was not detected in any of the BC patients. Furthermore, we found that in our cohort, BRCA1/2 variant carriers were triple‐negative BC patients (p = 0.019).ConclusionsOur study provides first insight into BC genetic landscape by the use of NGS in the under‐represented East African Tanzanian populations. Our findings support the importance of genetic risk factors in BC etiology in Tanzania and showed a relatively high overall prevalence (6%) of germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants in BC patients. Therefore, our results indicate that BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants may well contribute to BC incidence in Tanzania. Thus, the identification of frequent variants in BRCA1/2 genes will enable implementation of rapid, inexpensive population‐specific BRCA1/2 genetic testing, particularly for triple‐negative BC patients known for their high prevalence in Tanzania. This will, in turn, greatly contributes to provide effective therapeutic strategies.
Thermal Response to Land‐Use Land‐Cover Patterns: An Experimental Study in Famagusta, Cyprus
Authors: Fuladlu Kamyar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe transformation of land‐use land‐cover (LULC), as induced by human and natural processes, drives the biogeochemistry of Earth and influences the complex interaction between many factors. The most significant outcomes of these interactions are the thermal responses and changes in land‐surface temperature (LST). The consequences of these factors can be seen in both global and regional scale changes in climate—remote sensing methods are widely used in constraining these changes and, thus, there is an increasing shift toward LULC studies. This study uses a hybrid method to investigate the thermal responses to LULC patterns by analyzing LST. This method combined the normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference built‐up index, normalized difference barrenness index, and normalized difference moisture index, and is then applied to a study area in Famagusta, Cyprus. The results of this study can help to guide future development and land‐use optimization, in Famagusta or any other area in which the method is applied. The study results show that agricultural intensification contributes to increased LST ( = 313.3), whereas wetland ( = 307.5) and forested land decrease the LST. Positive correlations are recorded between increased LST, the normalized difference built‐up index (r = 0.702, p < 0.01), and two digital elevation models (r = 0.372, r = 0.364, p < 0.01), while negative correlations existed between LST and the indices of normalized difference vegetation (r = −0.082, p < 0.01), barrenness (r = −0.711, p < 0.01), and moisture (r = −0.702, p < 0.01).
Population Pharmacokinetics of Heptanoate in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Long‐Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders Treated With Triheptanoin
Authors: Lee Sun Ku , Gosselin Nathalie H. , Jomphe Claudia , McKeever Kathleen , Putnam Wendy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTriheptanoin is an odd‐carbon, medium‐chain triglyceride consisting of three fatty acids with seven carbons each on a glycerol backbone, indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC‐FAOD). A total of 562 plasma concentrations of heptanoate, the most abundant and pharmacologically active metabolite of triheptanoin, from 13 healthy adult subjects and 30 adult and pediatric subjects with LC‐FAOD were included in the population pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses. Multiple peaks of heptanoate observed in several subjects were characterized by dual first‐order absorption with a lag time in the second absorption compartment. The disposition of heptanoate in human plasma was adequately described by one‐compartmental distribution with a linear elimination. The apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution were allometrically scaled with body weight to describe PK data across a wide range of age groups in subjects with LC‐FAOD. The typical CL/F in adult subjects with LC‐FAOD was ≈19% lower than that in healthy subjects. Model‐estimated elimination half‐life for LC‐FAOD patients was ∼1.7 hours, supporting a recommended dosing frequency of ≥4 times per day. Covariate analyses indicate that age, race, and sex did not lead to clinically meaningful changes in the exposure of heptanoate.
Analysis and design of a new fault‐tolerant digital comparator based on nano‐scale quantum technology
Authors: Jiao Yuhan 
Published: July 2022

SummaryQuantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) is a transistor‐free technique for designing digital circuits. It is a substitute for CMOS technology for producing low‐energy and high‐speed digital circuits. In addition, the digital comparator is an important digital circuit; its fault‐tolerant design is examined in this article. Additionally, a coplanar QCA‐based fault‐tolerant comparator circuit with a small number of cells is suggested. The QCADesigner is used to achieve exact simulation results. The suggested fault‐tolerant comparator requires 63 QCA cells, uses 0.8 m2, and has three clock cycles delay in accomplishing its purpose. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate that the suggested comparator design with a limited number of cells can achieve a fault‐tolerant of 80% against cell missing, extra cell, cell displacement, and cell rotation faults.