bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term effects of continuous cover forestry on forest biomass production and biodiversity: Applying single-tree selection in forests dominated by Picea abies
Authors: Ekholm Adam , Axelsson Petter , Hjältén Joakim , Lundmark Tomas , Sjögren Jörgen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rotation forestry system provides high biomass production, but could also have a negative impact on species sensitive to disturbance. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) could contribute to solving these conflicting goals, but its feasibility in nutrient limited boreal forests is yet unresolved. In a unique experiment, we simultaneously assessed the short-term effect of single-tree selection on both biomass production and biodiversity (vascular plants, bryophytes, wood-inhabiting fungi), and tested fertilization as a way to mediate growth-biodiversity trade-offs. We found that unharvested stands and stands subjected to single-tree selection had a similar species assemblage of vascular plants, bryophytes, and wood-inhabiting fungi. Fertilization increased growth by 37% and induced shifts in two understory species (favoring the grass Avenella flexuosa and disfavoring the bryophyte Hylocomium splendens). We conclude that single-tree selection may become a useful tool to enhance biodiversity in managed forests.
Pattern, Forms and Bibliometric Analysis for Systematic Study of Silica-Supported Heterogeneous Solar Photocatalyst for Lannate Insecticide Abatement from Aqueous Stream
Authors: Tony Maha A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAgro-industrial streams with high toxic loadings must undergo for treatment prior to final disposal. Thus, the current investigation aimed to apply cheap and naturally available materials to explore sustainable heterogeneous solar/Fenton reaction for insecticide abatement form waste streams. Iron was collected from the wastewater stream after coal industry. The sand pellets were used as iron support material which acts as a heterogeneous solar photo-catalyst like modified Fenton reaction. The prepared catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for characterization. System parameters variables were studied using the modified catalysts. Although the acidic pH showed maximal removal efficiency, the catalyst could also work at a wide pH range with a reduced activity. The optimum conditions of the newly synthesized modified Fenton composite showed 103, 45 mg/L for H2O2 and catalyst, respectively, at pH 2.8 within 90 min under solar irradiation for maximal Lannate oxidation reached to 98%. Moreover, the increase in Lannate concentration loading results in a reduction in the removal efficiency from 98 to 96% when the Lannate loading increased from 10 to 50 ppm, although further increase of Lannate (100 ppm) results in only 2% removal. Also, temperature effect was displayed and the high temperature range was unfavorable. The kinetics of Lannate removal was dependent on operation temperature and following the first-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters values settled the system is non-spontaneous in nature, proceeds in endothermic circumstances and working in a low energy barrier (34.54 kJ mol−1). Recyclability confirms the sustainability of the catalyst, and the third cycle catalytic use attained 28% Lannate removal.
A novel empirical wavelet SODP and spectral entropy based index for assessing the depth of anaesthesia
Authors: Schmierer Thomas , Li Tianning , Li Yan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe requirement for anaesthesia during modern surgical procedures is unquestionable to ensure a safe experience for patients with successful recovery. Assessment of the depth of anaesthesia (DoA) is an important and ongoing field of research to ensure patient stability during and post-surgery. This research addresses the limitations of current DoA indexes by developing a new index based on electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis. Empirical wavelet transformation (EWT) methods are employed to extract wavelet coefficients before statistical analysis. The features Spectral Entropy and Second Order Difference Plot are extracted from the wavelet coefficients. These features are used to train a new index, SSEDoA, utilising a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a linear kernel function. The new index accurately assesses the DoA to illustrate the transition between different anaesthetic stages. Testing was undertaken with nine patients and an additional four patients with low signal quality. Across the nine patients we tested, an average correlation of 0.834 was observed with the Bispectral (BIS) index. The analysis of the DoA stage transition exhibited a Choen's Kappa of 0.809, indicative of a high agreement.
Prenatal 2-D and 3-D Ultrasound Characteristics of a Case of Fetal Orofacial Macrocystic Lymphatic Malformation and its Postnatal Management with Intralesional Bleomycin
Authors: Elango Nithya , Vikraman Seneesh Kumar , Saranyadevi A. C. , Sengodan Chithra , Sengottiyan Kumar Athapanur 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFetal lymphatic malformations (FLM) are benign hamartomatous lesions of the lymphatic vasculature usually localized in the cervicofacial and axillary regions and less frequently in the abdomen or inguinal areas, with an overall incidence of 1:6000 to 1:16,000 live births. FLM has a potential association with chromosomal aneuploidies such as Trisomy 21,18,13, Turner syndrome and genetic conditions such as Noonan syndrome, and with an excess risk for co-existing structural defects. A progressive increase in the dimensions of FLM's may result in polyhydramnios, hydrops, intrauterine fetal demise, airway obstruction and neonatal respiratory distress. We report a case of fetal orofacial lymphatic malformation detected in the mid-trimester anomaly scan with details of two- and three-dimensional imaging, prenatal counseling, cytogenetic workup, serial ultrasound surveillance, postnatal magnetic resonance imaging, and management with an intra-lesional sclerosing agent. The case depicts the strategic importance of multidisciplinary inputs in managing cases of prenatally diagnosed oral-cervical masses for optimizing perinatal outcome.
A virtual test and evaluation method for fully mechanized mining production system with different smart levels
Authors: Xie Jiacheng , Ge Fuxiang , Cui Tao , Wang Xuewen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA smart fully mechanized coal mining working face is comprised of various heterogeneous equipment that work together in unknown coal seam environments. The goal is to form a smart operational system with comprehensive perception, decision-making, and control. This involves many work points and complex coupling relationships, indicating it needs to be performed in stages and coordinated to address key problems in all directions and along multiple points. However, there are no existing unified test or analysis tools. Therefore, this study proposed a virtual test and evaluation method for a fully mechanized mining production system with different smart levels. This is based on the concept of “real data processing–virtual scene construction–setting key information points–virtual operation and evaluation.” The actual operational data for a specific working face geology and equipment were reasonably transformed into a visual virtual scene through a movement relationship model. The virtual operations and mining conditions of the working face were accurately reproduced. Based on the sensor and execution error analyses for different smart levels, the input interface for sensing, decision-making, and control was established for each piece of equipment, and an operation evaluation system was constructed. The system comprehensively simulates and tests the key points of sensing decision-making and control with various smart levels. The experimental results showed that the virtual scene constructed based on actual operational data has a high simulation degree. Users can simulate, analyze, and evaluate the overall operations of the smart mining 2.0–4.0 working face by inputting key information. The future direction for the smart development of fully mechanized mining is highlighted.
Does international trade favor proximity in cultural beliefs?
Authors: Franco Chiara , Maggioni Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCultural proximity has been considered as a crucial determinant of bilateral trade flows. Scant emphasis has, instead, been devoted to the investigation of the opposite direction of causality. International trade eases contacts and increases trust among contracting parties and may, then, promote the spread of cultural beliefs across borders. By using World and European Values Surveys data, we provide evidence on the role of trade flows in favoring countries’ cultural convergence for a large sample of countries over the period 1989–2014. Results confirm that international trade narrows differences in cultural beliefs and attitudes, but just when trade partners share some culture-related traits. Common ancestry, religion and legal system as well as high historical bilateral migration flows are necessary conditions for trade reducing cultural distance. Also, the convergence effect turns to be completely driven by trade flows of differentiated goods which entail relationship-specific investments and a deeper commitment between contracting parties.
Pterin-lysine photoadduct: a potential candidate for photoallergy
Authors: Farías Jesuan J. , Lizondo-Aranda Paloma , Thomas Andrés H. , Lhiaubet-Vallet Virginie , Dántola M. Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotoallergy is a photosensitivity disorder associated with a modified ability of the skin to react to the combined effect of drugs and sunlight. It has been attributed to the covalent conjugation of proteins with a photosensitizer, yielding modified macromolecules that can act as antigen provoking the immune system response. The potential role of some endogenous compounds as photoallergens has not been fully established. It has been previously proposed that pterins, which are endogenous photosensitizers present in human skin under pathological conditions, are able to covalently bind to proteins. Here, we evaluated the capability of pterin (Ptr) to form photoadducts with free Lysine (Lys) and poly-l-lysine (poly-Lys). The findings obtained using chromatographic and spectroscopic tools, confirm the formation of photoadducts of Ptr with Lys residues. With poly-Lys the resulting adduct retains the spectroscopic properties of the photosensitizer, suggesting that the aromatic Ptr structure is conserved. On the other hand, the photoproduct formed with free Lys does not behave like Ptr, which suggests that if this product is a photoadduct, a chemical modification may have occurred during the photochemical reaction that alters the pterin moiety.
Graphical abstract
3 x Phonology
Authors: Scheer Tobias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhat does it take to run a full substance-free phonology (SFP)? Because in classical approaches only items below the skeleton have phonetic properties that, according to SFP, need to be expunged, current work in SFP only ever concerns segmental aspects. If substance is removed from segmental representation and primes and computation are therefore arbitrary, the non-trivial question arises: how can such a system communicate with a system where primes and computation are not arbitrary (at and above the skeleton)? The two phonologies below and at / above the skeleton that exist in production are complemented with a third phonology that occurs upon lexicalization, that is, when L1 learners or adults transform the acoustic signal into a stored representation. The core of this article argues that this broad architecture is inhabited by three distinct computational systems along the classical feature geometric divisions: Son(ority) is located at and above the skeleton, while Place and Lar(yngeal) live below the skeleton. The question then is how a multiple-module spell-out works, that is, how ingredients from three distinct vocabularies can be mapped onto a single phonetic item. It is argued that the skeleton plays a central role in this conversion.
Business, pleasure or both?: motivations and changing motivation of self-initiated expatriates
Authors: Despotovic William Vuk , Hutchings Kate , McPhail Ruth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResponding to calls for more knowledge about the motivations (and changing motivations) of self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), this qualitative research examines 58 Australian SIEs working in culturally (dis)similar host contexts, to address the question:Why are Australian SIEs motivated to expatriate to South Korea or the United Kingdom?The findings demonstrate that, although personal/lifestyle considerations are important to SIEs, career-related considerations are either primary or become more prevalent following expatriation. The findings reveal that, while SIEs expatriate with particular motivations, over time their motivations may change as other factors determine desire to stay/leave a host country. Drawing on self-determination theory (SDT), the research highlights variations in extrinsic and intrinsic motivations of SIEs including those who intended to utilise their expatriation as part of a boundaryless career and those who unintentionally found themselves focused on career. Knowledge of (changing) motivations is salient to organisations' selection decisions and support for international employees.
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR): Showcases for making science diplomacy
Authors: Lappalainen Hanna K. , Petäjä T. , Lintunen A. , Kulmala Markku 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Science diplomacy can be defined as “the use of scientific collaborations between countries to address joint problems and to build constructive international partnerships for delivering effective scientific advice for policy making”. During the last 10 years, the Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) has been active in finding ways to solve global Grand Challenges, particularly climate change and poor air quality in polluted megacities, and at the same time, better bridge research to international climate policy and science diplomacy processes. INAR has introduced Pan-Eurasian Experiment programme running since the year 2012 (www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex) to better address the scientific challenge to understand Atmosphere – Earth Surface – Biosphere interactions and feedbacks in the Northern Eurasian context. INAR has also launched a measurement concept called the Global Network of Stations Measuring Earth Surface and Atmosphere Interactions (GlobalSMEAR) and has hosted the European Centre of the International Eurasian Academy of Sciences since 2015. Most recently, INAR has coordinated the Arena for the gap analysis of the existing Arctic Science Co-Operations (AASCO), 2020–2021, to promote research with a holistic and integrated approach in understanding feedbacks and interactions globally and locally at the Arctic and outside the Arctic environments.
Sandwiching biregular random graphs
Authors: Klimošová Tereza , Reiher Christian , Ruciński Andrzej , Šileikis Matas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet
${\mathbb{G}(n_1,n_2,m)}$
be a uniformly random m-edge subgraph of the complete bipartite graph
${K_{n_1,n_2}}$
with bipartition
$(V_1, V_2)$
, where
$n_i = |V_i|$
,
$i=1,2$
. Given a real number
$p \in [0,1]$
such that
$d_1 \,{:\!=}\, pn_2$
and
$d_2 \,{:\!=}\, pn_1$
are integers, let
$\mathbb{R}(n_1,n_2,p)$
be a random subgraph of
${K_{n_1,n_2}}$
with every vertex
$v \in V_i$
of degree
$d_i$
,
$i = 1, 2$
. In this paper we determine sufficient conditions on
$n_1,n_2,p$
and m under which one can embed
${\mathbb{G}(n_1,n_2,m)}$
into
$\mathbb{R}(n_1,n_2,p)$
and vice versa with probability tending to 1. In particular, in the balanced case
$n_1=n_2$
, we show that if
$p\gg\log n/n$
and
$1 - p \gg \left(\log n/n \right)^{1/4}$
, then for some
$m\sim pn^2$
, asymptotically almost surely one can embed
${\mathbb{G}(n_1,n_2,m)}$
into
$\mathbb{R}(n_1,n_2,p)$
, while for
$p\gg\left(\log^{3} n/n\right)^{1/4}$
and
$1-p\gg\log n/n$
the opposite embedding holds. As an extension, we confirm the Kim–Vu Sandwich Conjecture for degrees growing faster than
$(n \log n)^{3/4}$
.
“Je suis … Charlie, Samuel, Muhammed”: Practicing Muhammed Cartoons in Far Right and Islamist Politics
Authors: de Groot Heupner Susan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the 2005 Jyllands-Posten controversy, both far right and Islamist actors have employed Muhammed cartoons to construct a radical frontier between Muslims and non-Muslims. This article aims to provide a better understanding of the linkages between two opposing forms of popular identification by looking at the utilization of the Muhammed cartoons to crystallize a multitude of (conflicting) subjects, affects, and demands. Following a vantage point of mutual relations, the article investigates the discursive performances of the Dutch branch of the transnational Islamist party Hizb ut-Tahrir and the far right Party for Freedom with respect to the Jyllands-Posten affair, the 2015 Charlie Hebdo attacks, and the 2020 killing of a French schoolteacher. Considering its cultural and political foundations of mutual respect and tolerance, the Dutch case is pertinent for examining the tension between the right to free speech and support for extremist and popular forms of (far right and Islamist) identification.
A Reference Section Through Fast‐Spread Lower Oceanic Crust, Wadi Gideah, Samail Ophiolite (Sultanate of Oman): Whole Rock Geochemistry
Authors: Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter , Koepke Jürgen , Müller Samuel , Mock Dominik , Müller Tim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to its inaccessibility, no complete and coherent data set exists for the composition of modern fast‐spreading oceanic crust. We sampled outcrops through 6,500 m of fossil oceanic crust in the Oman Ophiolite (Wadi Gideah Transect) that is regarded as best analogue of fast‐spreading crust on land. Here we report a complete set of whole‐rock major and trace element data displaying systematic and contrasting compositional trends in lower and upper gabbros being correlated with stratigraphic depth. A significant discontinuity in crystallization regime is observed at ∼3,525 m above the mantle‐crust boundary: gabbros below ∼3,525 m have in general very low incompatible element mass fractions which develop upwards in a barely noticeable way to more differentiated compositions while Mg# decreases. More pronounced trends indicating progressive fractionation of ascending melts can be observed for incompatible elements and their element ratios as a consequence of in situ crystallization. Locally, more variable compositions within narrow depth intervals testify for advanced differentiation in situ within individual sills. Gabbros above ∼3,525 m become significantly more evolved and show considerable variations in composition. Fractional crystallization and mixing processes in a transient axial melt lens control the composition of isotropic “varitextured” gabbros and sheeted dike basalts where fractionation of high field strength elemental ratios is minor. New average compositions of fast‐spread (paleo) oceanic crust are reported for major and 38 trace elements. Comparison with new data from Wadi Khafifah close to Wadi Gideah suggests robustness of crustal accretion processes in both space and time.
Toward Efficient Calibration of Higher‐Resolution Earth System Models
Authors: Fletcher Christopher G. , McNally William , Virgin John G. , King Fraser 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProjections of future climate change to support decision‐making require Earth system models (ESMs) running at high spatial resolution, but at present this is computationally prohibitive. A major challenge is the calibration (parameter tuning) during the development of ESMs, which requires running large numbers of simulations to identify optimal values for parameters that are poorly constrained by observations. Here, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to emulate perturbed parameter ensembles from two lower‐resolution (and thus much less expensive) versions of the same ESM, and a smaller number of higher‐resolution simulations. Cross‐validated results show that the CNN's skill exceeds that of a climatological baseline for most variables with as few as 5–10 examples of the higher‐resolution ESM, and for all variables (including precipitation) with at least 20 examples. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates a machine learning based approach that makes the process of constructing a higher‐resolution emulator 20%–40% more computationally efficient, and thus offers the prospect of significantly more efficient calibration of ESMs.
A Novel Machine Learning Method for Accelerated Modeling of the Downwelling Irradiance Field in the Upper Ocean
Authors: Hao Xuanting , Shen Lian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe downwelling irradiance is a crucial part of the air‐sea heat flux and a major energy source for the photosynthesis processes in the upper ocean. The modeling of the irradiance field is often time‐consuming in conventional Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We propose an accelerated model based on machine learning to significantly reduce the computational cost. By introducing a generalized beam spreading function, we transform the raw data generated with the MC simulation into training data of reduced dimensions, which is then used to develop an artificial neural network. To validate the machine learning model, we use the MC model to simulate the irradiance field under a broadband wave field. For both clear and turbid seawater, the irradiance field predicted by the machine learning model agrees well with the MC simulation result. Compared with the MC simulation that is computationally expensive, our machine learning model is O(1,000) times faster.
From Microorganisms to Biosignatures: Subcritical Water Extraction as a Sample Preparation Technique for Future Life Detection Missions
Authors: Cieslarova Zuzana , Noell Aaron C. , Willis Peter A. , Mora Maria F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAmino acids are important targets in the search for life beyond Earth. The types of amino acids, their relative abundances, and enantiomeric excess all serve as biosignatures. To detect such biosignatures, identification and quantification of individual amino acids are required. Regardless of the analytical workflow used, it is critical to release amino acids from the sample without altering their molecular distributions. Subcritical water extraction (SCWE) is a promising technique for the release of organics from a variety of samples that has been under development for flight implementation for over 20 years. However, there is a risk of racemization and/or degradation of amino acids during extraction that could alter their distributions. This work demonstrates for the first time that SCWE (200°C for 30 min) can release amino acids from bacterial cells and spores, while maintaining their native distributions and enantiomeric excess.