bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally Annealed Molecular Layer‐Deposited Indicone: Structural Analysis and Area Selective Deposition Application
Authors: Lee Seunghwan , Baek GeonHo , Yang Hae Lin , Ngoc Van Tran Thi , Kim Seung‐Woo , Kim Young‐Kwan , Shong Bonggeun , Park Jin‐Seong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSemiconductor devices have become smaller, more complicated, and structuralized in three dimensions. Area selective deposition is one of the promising bottom‐up process techniques for self‐alignment or improved overlay to achieve errorless alignment. The surface chemistry is crucial to adjust precursor adsorption. In this research, graphitic carbon fabricated by molecular layer deposition is utilized for inhibiting precursor adsorption. An indicone film, which has an indium‐based metalcone structure, is fabricated using bis(trimethysily)‐amidodiethylindium and hydroquinone. The structure of the indicone film is reconstructed to graphitic carbon with a small oxygen content on the surface by a thermal annealing process. The atomic structures of as‐dep and thermally‐annealed indicone films are analyzed. The organic structure is transformed to graphitic carbon above an annealing temperature of 450 °C, where indium is completely removed with annealing temperatures above 600 °C. The thermally‐annealed indicone is used for deactivating film growth, which can delay 60 cycles of ZnO growth (equivalent to a thickness of ≈11 nm). In addition, to energetically demonstrate precursor adsorption on graphitic carbon, the density functional theory is utilized. Finally, ZnO as a blocking layer is selectively deposited on a grated line pattern to interconnect the SiO2 line pattern by transferring a hard mask.
Mn‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Peroxidation of Cyclobutanols: A Method for the Synthesis of 4‐Oxo Peroxides
Authors: Lou Chenhao , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA manganese‐catalyzed regioselective ring‐opening peroxidation of cyclobutanols has been disclosed. With this protocol, the C(sp3)−OOBu‐t bond could be efficiently constructed via the radical‐mediated C−C bond cleavage/coupling, allowing the facile access to a variety of 4‐oxo peroxides. Besides, the obtained peroxidation products could be readily transformed into other synthetically attractive skeletons.magnified image
Strecker Reactions of Formaldehyde with TMSCN, Catalyzed by TBAF and Formic Acid: N‐Monocyanomethylation of Primary Amines
Authors: Liu Yunting , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jianyu , Pei Hongyan , Liu Xuegui , Jin Hui , Ryu Do Hyun , Zhang Lixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA set of conditions for the Strecker reaction of formaldehyde, amines, and TMSCN that affords three‐component coupling adducts as the major products is reported. HCOOH and TBAF are used as cocatalysts and the TMSCN functions as both cyanide source and protecting reagent for amines. As a result, the side reactions were suppressed efficiently and a broad range of aromatic and aliphatic amines were mono‐cyanomethylated in 52–99% yield. Furthermore, this protocol was successfully applied toward the synthesis of meta‐diamide insecticides.magnified image
Assessment of Spherical Graphite for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Techniques, China's Status, Production Market, and Recommended Policies for Sustainable Development
Authors: Huang Shanyan , Wang Wen , Cui Qingqing , Song Wei‐Li , Jiao Shuqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the increasing application of natural spherical graphite in lithium‐ion battery negative electrode materials widely used, the sustainable production process for spherical graphite (SG) has become one of the critical factors to achieve the double carbon goals. The purification process of SG employs hydrofluoric acid process, acid–alkali process, high‐temperature process, and chlorination roasting process in the latter process. Currently, the most widely used processes in China are the hydrofluoric acid process and the acid–alkali process, but the implementation of China's new environmental protection policy has claimed higher demands on SG production. Aimed at China's environmental policies and the production situation, this article introduces the purification principles and compares processing technology characteristics of the four processes, respectively. A model of the four SG purification processes under the same production capacity is simulated to analyze the main constraints of production including pollutant emissions, raw materials, and energy used. Based on the analysis of the sustainability of the four purification processes, it can be concluded that the high temperature roasting process is the best way to maintain sustainable projects under the condition of overcoming its high cost, according to China.
Heterozygous deletion of the VEGFC gene in 4q34.3 is associated with Milroy‐like lymphedema: First prenatal case report
Authors: Huynh Minh‐Tuan , Degre Sophie , Joly‐Helas Géraldine , Bréon Cathy , Potel Stéphanie , Chambon Pascal , Bouligand Jérôme , Layet Valérie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeleterious variants in the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) gene have been recently associated with Milroy‐like primary lymphedema, an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized mainly by swelling of the lower limbs due to functional impairment of the lymphatic vessels. To date, only 26 patients with congenital lymphedema harboring VEGFC pathogenic variants were documented. Here, we describe the first prenatal case of a fetus with Milroy‐like disease. Fetal ultrasound showed bilateral foot swelling. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a 137‐kb copy number loss in 4q34.3 including only VEGFC gene in the propositus fetus. Segregation analysis showed that the deletion was inherited from the affected mother and grandmother. Taken together, our study highlights the important role of microarray analysis to detect subtle chromosomal imbalances in the prenatal setting and contributes to delineate the fetal phenotype of VEGFC‐related primary congenital lymphedema.
One step forward, two steps backward: The frailty of howler monkey conservation in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico
Authors: Dias Pedro A. D. , Rangel Negrín Ariadna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost primate taxa are threatened by extinction and their populations are decreasing. The persistence of primates is thus conditional on conservation actions aimed at protecting them and their habitat. Here, we focus on the conservation of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Following the creation of the reserve in 1998, habitat availability and howler monkey abundance increased, suggesting that progress was being made in terms of the conservation of this species. Recent events, however, suggest otherwise, as mantled howler monkey habitat within the biosphere reserve is being disturbed by mining operations endorsed by the Mexican government. We report this case to raise awareness about the challenges for primate and habitat conservation in protected areas.
Thermal degradation of glycidyl esters in monoglycerides and mono‐ and diglyceride blends
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Sparsoe Flemming Vang , Bagger‐Jørgensen Rico , From Thomas Norup , Keskin Anna Kjaer , Miller Rasmus Leth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs side products of concern, glycidyl fatty acid esters (GE) are an unwanted impurity in food emulsifier production. This study investigates the reduction of the GE content in such monoglycerides and their blends with diglycerides (mono‐/diglycerides) by thermal post‐treatment. The results indicate that the kinetics of GE reduction and equilibrium concentrations largely depend on the specific temperatures applied. For instance, while reaching equilibrium levels of GE can take several weeks at 80°C, they can be reached within hours at 150°C. The thermal treatment can have, however, also negative impact on other quality parameters, like the content of monoglycerides in both, distilled monoglycerides and mono‐/diglycerides. Based on 47 laboratory and pilot trials the influence of post‐treatment temperatures between 80 and 200°C on reducing GE levels has been systematically investigated. The obtained data were analyzed by mathematical modeling.
Systemic Metabolic Alteration Dependent on the Thyroid‐Liver Axis in Early PD
Authors: Miyamoto Kengo , Saiki Shinji , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Suzuki Ayami , Yamashita Yuri , Iseki Tatou , Ueno Shin‐Ichi , Shiina Kenta , Kataura Tetsushi , Kamagata Koji , Imamichi Yoko , Sasazawa Yukiko , Fujimaki Motoki , Akamatsu Wado , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by initial involvement of the olfactory bulb/amygdala or autonomic nerves followed by nigral degeneration. Although autonomic innervation strictly regulates multiorgan systems, including endocrine functions, circulation, and digestion, how dysautonomia in PD affects systemic metabolism has not been identified. In this study, we tried to estimate the pathogenic linkage of PD by nuclear medicine techniques, trans‐omic analysis of blood samples, and cultured cell experiments.MethodsThyroid mediastinum ratio of 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy was measured in 1,158 patients with PD. Furthermore, serum exosome miRNA transcriptome analysis and plasma metabolome analysis followed by trans‐omic analysis were performed in patients with de novo PD and age‐matched healthy control persons. Additionally, thyroid hormone was administered to skeletal muscle and liver derived cells to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism for these organs.ResultsSympathetic denervation of thyroid correlating with its cardiac denervation was confirmed in 1,158 patients with PD by MIBG scintigraphy. Among patients with drug‐naïve PD, comprehensive metabolome analysis revealed decreased levels of thyroxine and insufficient fatty acid β‐oxidation, which positively correlate with one another. Likewise, both plasma metabolome data and transcriptome data of circulating exosomal miRNAs, revealed specific enrichment of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPARα) axis. Finally, association of thyroid hormone with PPARα‐dependent β‐oxidation regulation was confirmed by in vitro experiments.InterpretationOur findings suggest that interorgan communications between the thyroid and liver are disorganized in the early stage of PD, which would be a sensitive diagnostic biomarker for PD. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:303–316
Exceeding 30 % External Quantum Efficiency in Non‐doped OLEDs Utilizing Solution Processable TADF Emitters with High Horizontal Dipole Orientation via Anchoring Strategy
Authors: Zhao Guimin , Liu Dan , Wang Panpan , Huang Xinping , Chen Haowen , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong , Jiang Wei , Sun Yueming , Duan Lian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStrategies to enhance the ratio of the molecular horizontal emitting dipole orientation (Θ∥) for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have unlocked the full potential of efficiencies for the evaporated devices, which, however, remain elusive for the solution‐processed ones. Here, a strategic molecular design for solution processable TADF emitters featuring high Θ∥s is proposed by attaching flexible chains ended with bipolar 9,9′‐spirobi[fluorene] subunits as anchoring groups onto TADF emitting core. It's unveiled that the anchoring groups not only enhance the horizontal orientation via enlarging molecular planarity, but also benefit the high photoluminescence in pristine films. The corresponding non‐doped solution processable OLEDs substantiate an unprecedented maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax)>30 %. Meanwhile, combining these compounds as TADF sensitizers, and multiple resonance final emitter, solution‐processed OLEDs achieve an EQEmaxof 25.6 % with a narrow full width at half maximum of 29 nm.
Effect of annealing on thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Zennaki Assia , Zair Latifa , Arabeche Khadidja , Benkraled Lina , Maschke Ulrich , Berrayah Abdelkader 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEffects of annealing temperature (Ta: 80–140°C) and time (ta: 3‐30 h) on the crystalline phase transition in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In the DSC curves, the sample annealed at Ta = 80°C with time interval (ta: 10–30 h) demonstrates a peculiarly small exothermal peak (Texo) around 130°C, just prior to the melting point, corresponding to the disorder‐to‐order (α’‐to‐α) phase transition, while the sample annealed at temperature (Ta: 90–110°C) shows a double melting behavior considered as the α’‐α phase transition. Towards low temperatures, the glass modulus Eg reported by DMA thermograms, shows an important increase (~30,000 MPa) at Ta = 80°C for ta = 3 h, due to the extremely high self‐nucleation density in low‐crystallized PLA materials. After a sharp drop to 3600 MPa at Ta = 110°C, a marked improvement of Eg (15,900 MPa) is observed around Ta = 120°C for all samples, regardless of time ta. This interesting effect (improvement of Eg in the range Ta = 100–120°C) can be correlated with the grow of crystallinity in the same domain of Ta, and the α’‐α phase transition Ta (Ta: 90–110°C) determined by the double Tm melting DSC peak, which is confirmed by the increase of Tg for Ta = 90–110°C.
Preparation and properties evaluation of shape memory epoxy asphalt composites with high toughness and damping
Authors: Zhang Fenglei , Huang Wei , Zhang Lei , Liu Xiaodong , Muhammad Yaseen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShape memory materials have received great scientific attention for engineering applications because of their unique memory recoverable properties. In this study, high toughness and strong damping shape memory epoxy asphalt composites (SMEAC) were prepared, which can be widely used in the fields of bridge self‐repairing expansion joints, crack sealants, vibration control, and damping devices in earthquake engineering. The mechanical properties, shape memory properties, and shape memory mechanism of SMEAC were analyzed by macroscopic and microscopic tests. The direct tensile tests showed that SMEAC has excellent toughness and strength. The temperature sweep test revealed that SMEAC has good damping properties. The shape memory recovery performance of SMEAC was analyzed by thermomechanical analyzer, and X‐ray diffraction showed the change of full width at half maxima in SMEAC before and after deformation at microscopic level. Infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy indicated that the asphalt phase in SMEAC could participate in the curing reaction, which enhanced the miscibility between the asphalt phase and the epoxy resin phase. Finally, the curing mechanism of epoxy asphalt composites was derived by combining infrared spectral analysis. This work provides a theoretical reference for developing new shape memory materials and open up a new application mode for epoxy asphalt.
A rheological method to characterize the molecular weight changes of polyamide 1012 during solid state polymerization
Authors: Liu Xinran , Wang Yu , Pang Yongyan , Dong Xia , Wang Dujin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, a fast and convenient method that can characterize the molecular weight (MW) and its distribution (PDI) of polyamide 1012 after the solid‐state polymerization (SSP) was proposed with the rheological technique. Conventionally, polyamides have to be chemically modified to become soluble in an organic solvent suitable for the Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) measurement. Herein, to avoid the complex operation of chemical modification, the quantitative correlations between the rheological properties such as zero‐shear viscosity, complex viscosity, the frequency and modulus at the crossover point between the storage and loss modulus curves, and the obtained MW and PDI were established. Thus, without chemical modifications, the characterization of PA1012 during SSP becomes convenient and time saving, which is more approach to the real “on‐line” control of SSP. The lamellar thickening and SSP occur simultaneously above Tg during SSP. Its influence on the final results of SSP was studied. Furthermore, the impact of crystallinity of the raw materials on the SSP behavior was also investigated. The higher crystallinity can lead to a decrease in the SSP rate and final molecular weight and molecular weight distribution.
Properties of composite film based on sucrose polyaldehyde cross‐linked polyhydroxyethyl acrylate and starch
Authors: Zhuang Xuechen , Zhang Shufen , Ma Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComposite films composed of biocompatible polymers are used widely in biomedical and food packaging areas. In this work, a new composite film with superior mechanical properties and biodegradability is prepared. The film is composed of biocompatible polyhydroxyethyl acrylate (PHEA) and starch, whose molecular chains are cross‐linked using sucrose polyaldehyde (SPA), a green sucrose derivative. The composite film exhibits an optimal tensile strength and tensile strain of 11.5 MPa and 147.7%, respectively, which can be ascribed to the chemical cross‐linking and hydrogen bond interactions between PHEA and starch. The tests confirm that the composite film shows satisfactory mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability, and thus should have wide applicability in biomedicine, food packaging, and other fields.
Parameter optimization of moving horizon estimation based on hybrid intelligent algorithm
Authors: Zhang Bo , Jiang Aipeng , Qi Yanying , Jiang Jiaji , Wang Haokun , Kong Jundong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the application of moving horizon estimation (MHE) algorithm, the window length will affect the estimation accuracy and the computing efficiency. For this kind of problem, a method of parameter optimization is proposed to obtain suitable window length. Firstly, in order to facilitate online solution, the optimization problem involved in the algorithm is transformed into a quadratic programming (QP) problem in matrix form. Secondly, for the time index and the estimated residual index that measure different properties, the normalization idea is adopted to incorporate them into the same dimension to design the fitness function, and a genetic optimization algorithm based on simulated annealing mechanism is given to search for the optimal window length. Finally, the proposed parameter optimization method is verified by two cases. The results show that the parameter optimization method has the advantages of excellent local search ability and sufficient convergence, and the window length obtained by this method can better take into account the two performance indexes of the MHE algorithm and improve the estimation performance.
Robust tracking control for operator‐based uncertain micro‐hand actuator with Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis
Authors: Li Xiaoyong , Bu Ni , Zhang Yuyi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the hysteresis property inherently exists in the rubber material, it is necessary to deal with the control issues for the micro‐hand by considering the hysteresis property. Therefore, in this paper, the robust tracking control for the micro‐hand systems is discussed from the aspect of the Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis property which is more applicable for the real applications. Firstly, a new model is obtained by combining the dynamic model of the micro‐hand with Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis property. Secondly, a new stability condition based on bounded input and bounded output stability is proposed for the Prandtl–Ishlinskii hysteresis modeled micro‐hand system from two different cases. Thirdly, by designing the robust controllers based on the internal model control method, the tracking performance can be improved by eliminating the effect from the disturbance. Finally, simulation is used to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
Metabolic engineering of Mannheimia succiniciproducens for malic acid production using dimethylsulfoxide as an electron acceptor
Authors: Lee Jong An , Ahn Jung Ho , Kim Gi Bae , Choi Sol , Kim Ji Yeon , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrobial production of various TCA intermediates and related chemicals through the reductive TCA cycle has been of great interest. However, rumen bacteria that naturally possess strong reductive TCA cycle have been rarely studied to produce these chemicals, except for succinic acid, due to their dependence on fumarate reduction to transport electrons for ATP synthesis. In this study, malic acid (MA), a dicarboxylic acid of industrial importance, was selected as a target chemical for mass production using Mannheimia succiniciproducens, a rumen bacterium possessing a strong reductive branch of the TCA cycle. The metabolic pathway was reconstructed by eliminating fumarase to prevent MA conversion to fumarate. The respiration system of M. succiniciproducens was reconstructed by introducing the Actinobacillus succinogenes dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) reductase to improve cell growth using DMSO as an electron acceptor. Also, the cell membrane was engineered by employing Pseudomonas aeruginosa cis‐trans isomerase to enhance MA tolerance. High inoculum fed‐batch fermentation of the final engineered strain produced 61 g/L of MA with an overall productivity of 2.27 g/L/h, which is the highest MA productivity reported to date. The systems metabolic engineering strategies reported in this study will be useful for developing anaerobic bioprocesses for the production of various industrially important chemicals.
Rapid and sensitive HPLC–MS/MS method for the quantification of dopamine, GABA, serotonin, glutamine and glutamate in rat brain regions after exposure to tobacco cigarettes
Authors: Alhusban Ala A. , Hammad Alaa M. , Alzaghari Lujain F. , Shallan Aliaa I. , Shnewer Khaldoun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTobacco smoking is a preventable main cause of fatal diseases. Accurate measurements of the effects it has on neurotransmitters are essential in developing new strategies for smoking cessation. Moreover, measurements of neurotransmitter levels can aid in developing drugs that counteract the effects of smoking. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a fast, simultaneous and sensitive method for measuring the levels of neurotransmitters in rat brain after the exposure of tobacco cigarettes. The selected neurotransmitters include dopamine, GABA, serotonin, glutamine and glutamate. The method is based on high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographic separation was achieved within 3 min using a Zorbax SB C18column (3.0 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm particle size). The mobile phase consisted of HPLC‐grade water and acetonitrile each containing 0.3% heptafluorobutyric acid and 0.5% formic acid at gradient conditions. The linear range was 0.015–0.07, 825–7,218, 140–520, 63.42–160.75 and 38.25 × 103to 110.35 × 103 ng/ml for dopamine, GABA, serotonin, glutamine and glutamate, respectively. Inter‐ and intra‐run accuracy were in the range 97.82–103.37% with a precision (CV%) of ≤0.90%. The results revealed that 4 weeks of cigarette exposure significantly increased neurotransmitter levels after exposure to tobacco cigarettes in various brain regions, including the hippocampus and the amygdala. This increase in neurotransmitters levels may in turn activate the nicotine dependence pathway.