bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Transient Resistance/Capacitance Network-Based Model for Heat Spreading in Substrate Stacks Having Multiple Anisotropic Layers
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Soumya , Weibel Justin A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Heat spreading from local, time-dependent heat sources in electronic packages results in the propagation of temperature nonuniformities through the stack of material layers attached to the chip. Available models either predict the chip temperatures only in the steady-state or a single substrate for transient analysis, without the ability to predict the transient response in compound substrates having multiple anisotropic layers. We develop a transient resistance/capacitance network-based modeling approach capable of predicting the spatiotemporal temperature fields for this chip-on-stack geometry, accounting for in-plane heat spreading, through-plane heat conduction, and the effective convection resistance boundary conditions. The transient heat spreading resistance for an anisotropic substrate has been formulated by converting it to an effective isotropic substrate for which there is an available half-space solution. The transient heat spreading model for a step heat input to a single substrate is subsequently extended to any arbitrary transient heat input using a Fourier series and extending the half-space formulation from a step heat input to sinusoidal heat input. For obtaining the transient spreading resistance for heat inputs into multiple stacked substrates, a method has been outlined to convert the multisubstrate stack to a single substrate with effective isotropic properties by properly accounting for the in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivities, and the heat capacity. The estimates from the present model are validated with direct comparison to a finite volume numerical model for three-dimensional heat conduction. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed network-based model and compare its estimates with the numerical conduction solution. In the presence of a step heat input, the results demonstrate that the model accurately captures the transient temperature rise across the multisubstrate stack comprising layers with different anisotropic properties. For a case where the rectangular stack is exposed to a sinusoidally varying heat input, the model is able to capture the general trends in the transient temperature fields in the plane where the heat source is applied to the multisubstrate stack. In summary, the developed resistance/capacitance network-based transient model offers a low-computational-cost method to predict the spatiotemporal temperature distribution over an arbitrary transient heat source interfacing with a multilayer stack of substrates.
Research on the Influence of Impeller Tip Clearance on the Internal Flow Loss of Axial Circulating Pump Under Unpowered Driven Condition
Authors: Jia XiaoQi , Lv Hao , Zhu ZuChao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An axial-flow pump (AFP) a key hydraulic component in the circulating water system of large ships. When the speed of a large ship meets certain requirements, the AFP operates in the unpowered driven condition and has the characteristics of low speed, positive rotation and driven rotation, thereby achieving energy recovery efficiency without investing in the driving device. The unsteady internal flow characteristics of the AFP under the unpowered driven condition differ from those of conventional conditions. The blade tip clearance (TC) is an essential basis for the comprehensive technical indicators of the lift pump and the safe and stable operation of the circulating water system. In this study, the performance of the AFP with different TCs under the unpowered driven condition is investigated based on experimental tests and numerical simulations. Based on the entropy production theory, the energy loss characteristics of the AFP with different TCs are studied, and it is concluded that increasing the TC increases the strength of tip leakage flow. Particularly at large TCs, the energy loss of the pump increases significantly, causing flow separation on the blade surface and the formation of large-area vortex structures on the blade. In addition, under the large spacing TC, the instantaneous entropy production of the pump is unstable, and the entropy production frequency and amplitude are much larger than those of the conventional TC.
Fabrication of Micro-Channels on Biomaterial Ti-6Al-4V ELI Using Micro Abrasive Jet Machining
Authors: Tomy Anu , Hiremath Somashekhar S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper primarily explores the suitability of using Abrasive jet machining (AJM) in fabricating microchannels on Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy. The work evaluates the microchannels generated using process parameters such as air pressure, feed rate, and standoff distance and their effect on channel geometries like width, depth, surface roughness, and topography. Since Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy is commonly used in bio-implants, the contact angle and surface free energy of generated microchannels is measured using the sessile drop technique and Chibowski approach, respectively to assess the benefits of creating such features using AJM, which can have probable applications in the medical field. The result indicates that AJM can produce hydrophilic microchannels with nanolevel surface roughness without the effects of heat-affected zone (HAZ), resolidification, burrs, and particle embedment.
Tribological Behavior of Annealed Ni-xFe-yCo Alloys: Effect of Co and Fe Additions
Authors: Ntholeng Nthabiseng , Mphasha Nthape Percyval , Bopape Itshepeng Mogaleadi Christinah , Ogunmuyiwa Enoch Nifise , Shongwe Mxolisi Brendon 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The influence of annealing on the microstructure, mechanical and sliding wear characteristics of Ni-based alloys produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) was investigated. As-sintered alloys had a lamellar-like microstructure consisting of (γ′)-FeNi3 and γ-(NiFe) phases blended together. Lower Co contents (i.e., 30, 35 wt%) led to the formation of poorly bonded coarse γ precipitate islands. Annealed Ni-5Fe-45Co alloy exhibited the most excellent wear performance with the lowest coefficients of friction (0.142 ± 0.05) and wear-rate (0.3 ± 0.02 × 10−4 mm3/Nm). Annealing resulted in alloys with good strength-ductility combinations due to appreciable γ′ precipitation enhancement.
Exposure to umbilical cord management approaches and death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 22–26 months’ corrected age after extremely preterm birth
Authors: Handley Sara C , Kumbhat Neha , Eggleston Barry , Foglia Elizabeth E , Davis Alexis S , Van Meurs Krisa , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Walsh Michele , Watterberg Kristi L , Wyckoff Myra H , Das Abhik , DeMauro Sara B 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo compare death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 22–26 months’ corrected age (CA) among extremely preterm infants following exposure to different forms of umbilical cord management.DesignRetrospective study.SettingEunice Kennedy ShriverNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network registry.PatientsInfants born <27 weeks’ gestation in 2016–2018 without severe congenital anomalies who received active treatment after birth and underwent neurodevelopmental assessments between 22 and 26 months’ CA.ExposuresImmediate cord clamping (ICC), delayed cord clamping (DCC) or umbilical cord milking (UCM).Main outcomes and measurePrimary composite outcome of death or severe NDI at 22–26 months’ CA, defined as severe cerebral palsy, Bayley-III cognitive/motor composite score <70, bilateral deafness or blindness; individual components were examined as secondary outcomes. Multivariable regression examined associations, adjusting for risk factors identified a priori and potential confounders. Mediation analysis explored the effect of severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) on the exposure-outcome relationship.ResultsAmong 1900 infants, 64.1% were exposed to ICC, 27.8% to DCC and 8.1% to UCM. Compared with ICC-exposed infants, DCC-exposed infants had lower odds of death or severe NDI (adjusted OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.83). No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing UCM with either ICC or DCC, or between secondary outcomes across groups. Association between cord management and the primary outcome was not mediated by severe IVH.ConclusionCompared with ICC, DCC exposure was associated with lower death or severe NDI at 22–26 months’ CA among extremely preterm infants, which was not mediated by severe IVH.
HCAHPS: having constant communication augments hospital and patient satisfaction
Authors: Tiperneni Raghu , Patel Shailee , Heis Farah , Ghali Samara , Du Doantrang , Ghali Wael , Russo Lauren , Granet Kenneth 
Published: October 2022

Background and aimThe Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) has become a standardised instrument to measure hospitalised patients’ perception of care. Our hospital’s HCAHPS scores for the ‘communication with doctors’ domain in medical service were suboptimal when compared with peer groups in December 2020. Our goal was to improve performance in the ‘communication with doctors’ domain to at least 50% from baseline over a 6-month period.InterventionOrientation of house staff, nurses and attendings on the Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explain, Thank you (AIDET) approach. Implementation of the afternoon rounds (with documentation) along with the morning rounds to summarise the plan and discuss updates throughout the day to enhance doctor–patient communication.Data analysisHCAHPS domain scores for ‘communication with doctors’ with each subcategory were tracked monthly as well as the number of PM notes written as a measure of afternoon rounds.Results‘Communication with doctor’ domain improved from 8% percentile rank in December to as high as 78%. ‘Doctors treat you with courtesy/respect’ improved from 24% percentile rank in December to as high as 90%. ‘Doctors listen carefully to you’ improved from 13% percentile rank in December to as high as 88%. ‘Doctors explain in a way you understand’ improved from 2% percentile rank in December to as high as 72%.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HCAHPS scores in the ‘communication with doctors’ domain can be improved when employing the AIDET approach with each patient encounter and the addition of afternoon rounds. Sustainability is vital to the success of these interventions, as we observed in our results that there is a direct proportional correlation with the number of afternoon rounds performed with higher scores.
Using drone mapping to evaluate error of plot-based field surveys and its effects on moderate spatial resolution remote sensing retrieval of lichen cover
Authors: Pouliot Darren , Mao Mao , Fraser Robert H. , Kennedy Blair , Leblanc Sylvain G. , He Liming , Chen Wenjun 
Published: October 2022

Effective plot-based field sampling involves a trade-off between implementation efficiency and sample error. Optimal field sampling therefore requires quantifying the sample error under various sampling designs. For remote sensing applications, it is also important to understand how field sample error and training sample size (the number of pixels) affect the retrieval of surface properties. In this research, drone imagery was used to simulate field plots and investigate plot sampling error for forage lichen cover in relation to plot size, number of plots, and sampling strategy. The effect of this error on remote sensing-based lichen cover retrieval was evaluated using varying training sampling sizes in two different study regions in northern Canada. Results showed that cover with high spatial variability increased the number of plots or plot size required to achieve a specified level of error. For lichen cover retrieval at moderate spatial resolution (10–30 m), field sampling (plot size and number of plots) did not have as significant of an effect as regional differences (spectral separability of cover types), sensor, and the number of pixels used for model training. This plot simulation approach using drone images can be applied to other surface properties and regions to provide field sampling guidance.
Interpretation of the $$\Lambda _c(2910)^+$$ baryon newly seen by Belle Collaboration and its possible bottom partner
Authors: Azizi K. , Sarac Y. , Sundu H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe developments in the experimental facilities and analyses techniques have recently lead to the observation of many hadronic states ranging from excitations of conventional hadrons to various exotic states. The baryons with single heavy quark are among these states providing an attractive field of research to get a better understanding of the nonperturbative nature of the strong interaction. Recently, the Belle Collaboration announced observation of the state $$\Lambda _c(2910)^+$$

Λ
c

(
2910
)

+

with a mass $$2913.8\pm 5.6\pm 3.8~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$$

2913.8
±
5.6
±
3.8

MeV
/

c
2

and width $$51.8\pm 20.0\pm 18.8~\textrm{MeV}$$

51.8
±
20.0
±
18.8

MeV

. In the present study, by the mass analyses of different excitations at $$\Lambda _c$$

Λ
c

channel and their comparison with existing experimental information, we find that the spin-parity of this newly found excited state is $$ J^P= \frac{1}{2}^-$$

J
P

=

1
2

-

and it is a 2P state denoting by $$\Lambda _c(\frac{1}{2}^-,2P)$$

Λ
c

(

1
2

-

,
2
P
)

. We predict its current coupling as well, which can be served as one of the main input parameters to investigate different decays and interactions of this particle. We also determine the mass and current coupling of $$\Lambda _b(\frac{1}{2}^-,2P)$$

Λ
b

(

1
2

-

,
2
P
)

as possible bottom counterpart of the new $$\Lambda _c(2910)^+$$

Λ
c

(
2910
)

+

state, which may be in agenda of different experiments in near future.
The ternary Goldbach problem with two Piatetski–Shapiro primes and a prime with a missing digit
Authors: Maier Helmut , Rassias Michael Th. 
Published: October 2022

Let [Formula: see text] Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be fixed. Let also [Formula: see text]. We prove on assumption of the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis that each sufficiently large odd integer [Formula: see text] can be represented in the form [Formula: see text] where the [Formula: see text] are of the form [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text] and the decimal expansion of [Formula: see text] does not contain the digit [Formula: see text]. The proof merges methods of Maynard from his paper on the infinitude of primes with restricted digits, results of Balog and Friedlander on Piatetski-Shapiro primes and the Hardy–Littlewood circle method in two variables. This is the first result on the ternary Goldbach problem with primes of mixed type which involves primes with missing digits.
Assessing the utility of death assemblages as reference conditions in a common benthic index (M-AMBI) with simulations
Authors: Smith Jansen A. , Pruden Matthew J. , Handley John C. , Durham Stephen R. , Dietl Gregory P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Incorporating palaeontological data into the methods and formats already familiar to conservation practitioners may facilitate greater use of palaeontological data in conservation practice. Benthic indices (e.g. Multivariate-AZTI Marine Biotic Index; M-AMBI) already incorporate reference conditions and are a good candidate for integration. In simulations of living communities under constant and changing environmental conditions, we evaluate the capacity of death assemblage reference conditions to replicate M-AMBI values when used in place of reference conditions from the final ten generations of the simulation or all five hundred simulated generations.
Reference conditions from all death assemblage scenarios successfully replicated correct remediation decisions in the majority of simulation runs with environmental change and stability. Variations in M-AMBI values were due to overestimated species richness and Shannon entropy values in the death assemblages but effects of changes to these parameters varied across scenarios, emphasizing the importance of evaluating multiple metrics. Time averaging was largely beneficial, particularly when environmental change occurred and short-term ecological observations (ten generations) produced incorrect remediation decisions. When the duration of time averaging is known, death assemblages can provide valuable longer-term perspectives with the potential to outperform temporally constrained baseline information from monitoring the living community.
Hans Keidel and Alexander du Toit's relationship and its impact on Wegener's Continental Drift hypothesis
Authors: Ramos Victor A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work presents research that we intended to publish jointly with Maarten de Wit on the importance of Hans Keidel in the definition of the Gondwanides and in his pioneering proposal of correlation between the Sierras de la Ventana mountain system in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and its counterpart in the Cape System in South Africa. Keidel's proposals were used by Wegener in the 1920 second edition of his ‘Theory on Continental Drift’. Keidel's role and his ideas of correlation were recognized and strengthened by du Toit's fieldwork in 1923 in the Sierras de la Ventana and which he left behind in his field notebook. Du Toit has the credit of being the first to carry out fieldwork on both continents. His observations and his precise correlations confirmed Keidel's hypotheses through his 1927 publication and his book on the Wandering Continents. It is noteworthy that after Wegener's death in 1930, du Toit defended the Theory of Continental Drift for years almost alone. The work is documented with photographs from du Toit's trip to South America, the originals of which have been lost in the devastating 2021 fire at the Jagger Library at the University of Cape Town.
The Complexity of Gradient Descent: CLS = PPAD ∩ PLS
Authors: Fearnley John , Goldberg Paul , Hollender Alexandros , Savani Rahul 
Published: October 2022

We study search problems that can be solved by performing Gradient Descent on a bounded convex polytopal domain and show that this class is equal to the intersection of two well-known classes: PPAD and PLS. As our main underlying technical contribution, we show that computing a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point of a continuously differentiable function over the domain [0,1]
2
is PPAD ∩ PLS-complete. This is the first non-artificial problem to be shown complete for this class. Our results also imply that the class CLS (Continuous Local Search) – which was defined by Daskalakis and Papadimitriou as a more “natural” counterpart to PPAD ∩ PLS and contains many interesting problems – is itself equal to PPAD ∩ PLS.
JAK: Not Just Another Kinase
Authors: Agashe Ruchi P. , Lippman Scott M. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The JAK/STAT axis is implicated in cancer, inflammation, and immunity. Numerous cytokines/growth factors affect JAK/STAT signaling. JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) noncovalently associate with cytokine receptors, mediate receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and recruit ≥1 STAT proteins (STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b, and STAT6). Tyrosine-phosphorylated STATs dimerize and are then transported into the nucleus to function as transcription factors. Signaling is attenuated by specific suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins, creating a negative feedback loop. Both germline mutations and polymorphisms of JAK family members correlate with specific diseases: Systemic lupus erythematosus (TYK2 polymorphisms); severe combined immunodeficiency (JAK3 mutations); pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TYK2 mutations); and hereditary thrombocytosis (JAK2 mutations). Somatic gain-of-function JAK mutations mainly occur in hematologic malignancies, with the activating JAK2 V617F being a myeloproliferative disorder hallmark; it is also seen in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Several T-cell malignancies, as well as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia also harbor JAK family somatic alterations. On the other hand, JAK2 copy-number loss is associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance. JAK inhibitors (jakinibs) have been deployed in many conditions with JAK activation; they are approved in myeloproliferative disorders, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease, alopecia areata, ankylosing spondylitis, and in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Clinical trials are investigating jakinibs in multiple other autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, dermatologic and neurologic improvements have been observed in children with Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome (a genetic interferonopathy) treated with JAK inhibitors.
Effect of a Run‐In Period on Estimated Treatment Effects in Cardiovascular Randomized Clinical Trials: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Murphy Robert P. , O’Donnell Martin J. , Nolan Aoife , McGrath Emer , O’Conghaile Aengus , Ferguson John , Alvarez‐Iglesias Alberto , Costello Maria , Loughlin Elaine , Reddin Catriona , Ruttledge Sarah , Gorey Sarah , Hughes Diarmaid , Smyth Andrew , Canavan Michelle , Judge Conor 
Published: October 2022

Background
A run‐in period may increase adherence to intervention and reduce loss to follow‐up. Whether use of a run‐in period affects the magnitude of treatment effects is unknown.

Methods and Results
We conducted a meta‐analysis comparing treatment effects from 11 systematic reviews of cardiovascular prevention trials using a run‐in period with matched trials not using a run‐in period. We matched run‐in with non–run‐in trials by population, intervention, control, and outcome. We calculated a ratio of relative risks (RRRs) using a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Our primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular events, and the primary analysis was a matched comparison of clinical trials using a run‐in period versus without a run‐in period. We identified 66 run‐in trials and 111 non–run‐in trials (n=668 901). On meta‐analysis there was no statistically significant difference in the magnitude of treatment effect between run‐in trials (relative risk [RR], 0.83 [95% CI, 0.80–0.87]) compared with non–run‐in trials (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84–0.91]; RRR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.90–1.01]). There was no significant difference in the RRR for secondary outcomes of all‐cause mortality (RRR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.91–1.03]) or medication discontinuation because of adverse events (RRR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.85–1.21]). Post hoc exploratory univariate meta‐regression showed that on average a run‐in period is associated with a statistically significant difference in treatment effect (RRR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.90–0.99]) for cardiovascular composite outcome, but this was not statistically significant on multivariable meta‐regression analysis (RRR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.90–1.0]).

Conclusions
The use of a run‐in period was not associated with a difference in the magnitude of treatment effect among cardiovascular prevention trials.