bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Authors: Sharma Navjot , Bora Kundan Singh 
Published: January 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a worse metabolic condition in which level of glucose and lipid increased in blood circulation due to insufficient insulin functionality that may lead to worse the complication like atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, gangrene, limb amputation, kidney failure, and many more. Furthermore, high concentration of glucose in blood stream can directly produce reactive oxygen species which ultimately more worsen the conditions like dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis etc. This disorder is expected to affect 9.3% of the global population in 2019, increasing to 10.2% by 2030 and increasing 10.9 % by 2045. Medicinal plants are used as medicine to treat many ailments since a long time ago. But now they have been rediscovered with having specific constituents to treat diseases and many more yet to discover. There are so many active phytoconstituents of plants which are being extracted, purified, tested and formulated for patient convenience. In the present review, various plants used to treat diabetes mellitus due to have negligible side effects as compared to allopathic treatment (oral hypoglycemic drugs) are described. Many plants with hypoglycemic effect of many plants have been reported, and the mechanisms of action of these plants with these hypoglycemic behaviors are being examined through in vitro and in vivo studies. Some of these 22 medicinal plants and their active constituents related to antidiabetic activity are discussed in this review.
Case Report on Congestive Cardiac Failure with Pneumonia with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Gabhane Chaitanya , Mahakarkar Manjusha , Ankar Ruchira 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Congestive cardiac failure is a pathophysiologic state when the heart is not able to maintain its cardiac output to meet the demand of metabolizing tissues. Pneumonia is the inflammation of parenchyma of lungs. Bronchial Asthma is a diseases of airway produced by hypersensitivity inflammatory response of tracheobronchial tree to a variety of stimuli resulting in reversible narrowing of the air passages.
Clinical Finding: Patient having pain in chest since 2-3 days and it radiating to back and shoulder. Patient is experiencing breathlessness even at rest stage. Patient is also having a diagnosis of Asthma since 1 year.
Diagnostic Evaluation: Patient had undergone the Respective Diagnostic evaluation. Complete Blood Count, MRI, chest X- ray and 2D Echo.
Therapeutic Intervention: Patient have been prescribed the following Medication. Inj. Lasix 400mgX BD, Inj. Sodabicarb in 100ml saline stat, Inj. Doxy 100mgX BD, Inj. Piptaz 20mgX BD, Inj. PAN 40mgX TDS, Tab. Flucon 150 mg X OD.
Outcome: After the providing the nursing care the pain level in chest had been minimized and patient is not having any breathlessness in resting stage and his condition also has been improved after the care provided.
Conclusion: The patient was admitted in Medicine Intensive Care Unit [MICU] AVBRH, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha with the known case of Congestive Cardiac failure with Pneumonia and Bronchial Asthma. After providing appropriate nursing care his condition has been improved.
Efficacy and Acceptability of Intermittent Aerobic Exercise on Polysomnography‐Measured Sleep in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis With Self‐Reported Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Loeppenthin Katrine , Esbensen Bente Appel , Klausen Julie Midtgaard , Østergaard Mikkel , Christensen Jesper Frank , Tolver Anders , Thomsen Tanja , Bech Julie Schjerbech , Jennum Poul 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThis study's objective was to investigate the efficacy and acceptability of intermittent aerobic exercise training on sleep parameters, fatigue, pain, depressive symptoms, physical function, and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThirty‐eight people with RA were assigned to intermittent aerobic exercise training (three sessions/week for 6 weeks; intervention group, n = 17) or usual care (control group, n = 21). The primary outcome was a change in polysomnography‐assessed sleep efficiency from baseline to the end of the intervention. Secondary outcomes were sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multi‐Dimensional Questionnaire), depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression), and cardiorespiratory fitness (watt max test).ResultsNo between‐group differences were found in changes in polysomnography‐assessed sleep efficiency (0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.02 to 0.09, P = 0.17). In the intervention group, sleep efficiency was improved significantly from baseline (0.84; 95% CI: 0.80‐0.88) compared with the end of the intervention (6 weeks) (0.88; 95% CI: 0.85‐0.92); however, there was no significant difference in the control group. Fatigue and depression measures were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Between‐group differences were overall fatigue (−16.1; 95% CI: −25.1 to −7.0, P = 0.001), physical fatigue (−5.0; 95% CI: −7.3 to −2.7, P = 0.0001), cognitive fatigue (−2.4; 95% CI: −4.2 to 0.6, P = 0.009), living with fatigue (−2.5; 95% CI: −4.5 to −0.5, P = 0.01), and depressive symptoms (−6.8; 95% CI: −12.4 to −1.1, P = 0.02).ConclusionThe intervention yielded no significantly better sleep efficiency compared with usual care. However, aspects of fatigue, including physical and cognitive fatigue, and depressive symptoms were significantly improved in the intervention group.
Synergistic Effects of Multifunctional Lanthanides Doped CsPbBrCl2 Quantum Dots for Efficient and Stable MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhuang Xinmeng , Sun Rui , Zhou Donglei , Liu Shuainan , Wu Yanjie , Shi Zhichong , Zhang Yuhong , Liu Bin , Chen Cong , Liu Dali , Song Hongwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe passivation effect of inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) is a promising method to attain outstanding performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which has ignited widespread interest recently. Lanthanides (Ln) doped PQDs demonstrate unique properties, but nevertheless, are not explored in PSCs. In this work, four kinds of Ln3+ doped CsPbBrCl2 PQDs (Ln3+ = Yb3+, Ce3+, Eu3+, Sm3+) are firstly introduced into PSCs, which displays the synergistic effect of composition engineering and defect engineering. The results indicate that the introduction of CsPbBrCl2: Ln3+ can not only improve the crystallinity and passivate the intrinsic and surface defects of the MAPbI3 layer through ion and ligand passivation, but also form a stronger LnI bond than PbI, adjust work function (WF), and optimize band alignments. CsPbBrCl2:Sm3+ PQDs possess the best performance and exhibit remarkable promotions of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) from 1.13 to 1.20 V and power conversion efficiency from 18.54% to 22.52%. The humid‐resist, thermal‐resist abilities, and the long‐term stability of PSCs are energetically improved due to enhanced structure stability by Sm3+ doping and the hydrophobic characteristic. The strategy of Ln3+ doped PQDs applied to PSCs provide an approach to achieve high‐performance PSCs.
In Situ Surface Self‐Reconstruction Strategies in Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Layered Cathodes for Energy‐Dense Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gou Xiaoxia , Hao Zhenkun , Hao Zhimeng , Yang Gaojing , Yang Zhuo , Zhang Xinyue , Yan Zhenhua , Zhao Qing , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLithium‐rich manganese‐based layered oxides (LROs) are standing out as cathode materials of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to merits on both capacity (>250 mAh g−1) and operation voltage (≈3.6 V). However, the applications of LROs are plagued by almost inevitable degradation of structure, in which electrode surface bears the brunt as the primacy barrier for Li+ transport. Plenty of surface modification strategies are proposed to stabilize the structure and in situ self‐reconstruction strategies with atomic level connection to bulk structures provide robust layers to prevent the degradation. Herein, a critical review focusing on in situ surface reconstruction of LROs is summarized. It is started from the overview of LROs and then the surface challenges including lattice oxygen release, phase transformation, transition metal ions dissolution, and interfacial side reactions are further discussed. In situ self‐reconstruction strategies are emphasized to alleviate the performance degradation of LROs, from creating oxygen vacancies to synthesizing layered‐spinel or layered‐rocksalt heterogeneous structures. Among these approaches, synthesis and characterization methods, formation mechanisms and roles to stabilize the structures are highlighted. Finally, the prospects from the aspects of precise/large scale preparations, interphase design between electrolytes and electrodes, and in‐operando characterization approaches for the commercialization of LROs are provided.
Multi‐Component Crosslinked Hydrogel Electrolyte toward Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zn Ion Batteries with High Temperature Adaptability
Authors: Lu Hongyu , Hu Jisong , Wang Litong , Li Jianzhu , Ma Xiang , Zhu Zhicheng , Li Heqi , Zhao Yingjie , Li Yujie , Zhao Jingxin , Xu Bingang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are always regarded as a promising energy storage device owing to their higher safety and durability. However, two problems have become the main trouble for the practical application of ZIBs such as the dendrite growth of Zn metal anode in electrolyte and the freezing of water solvent at low temperature. Herein, to overcome these challenges, a new strategy, multi‐component crosslinked hydrogel electrolyte, is proposed to inhibit Zn dendrites and realize low temperature environmental adaptability for ZIBs. Benefitting from the superior inhibition effect of the polyacrylamide and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on Zn dendrites, the coulombic efficiency of the symmetric cell of ≈99.5% is achieved during the Zn plating/stripping over 1 300 h, and the assembled full‐cell demonstrates the large specific capacity of 265.2 mAh g‐1 and high cyclic stability with the capacity retention of 95.27% after 3 000 cycles. In addition, the full‐cell delivers stable operation at a wide temperature range, from 60 to −40 °C, due to the introduction of additive DMSO. This work provides an inspired strategy and novel opportunities to realize a dendrite‐free and wide‐temperature rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion energy storage system.
Functional Materials with Wide‐Spectral‐Responsive Photocatalytic Activity and Real‐Time Temperature Feedback: The Electrospun Fibers Embedded with NaGdF4‐Tm‐Yb@TiO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Gao Zelin , Wang Jingru , Yu Dechuan , Pun Edwin Yue Bun , Lin Hai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, combining the advantages of upconversion materials, nanofibers, and TiO2 semiconductors, the composite fibers embedded with NaGdF4: Tm3+, Yb3+@TiO2 nanocrystals (NGF‐TY@TiO2 NCs) are prepared as wide‐spectral (UV‐NIR) response photocatalysts and temperature sensing materials. Based on the FIR technique, both the thermally (3F2,3 and 3H4) and nonthermally (1G4 and 3F2,3) coupled levels of Tm3+ are confirmed to be applicable as temperature probes for real‐time monitoring and feedback of the working temperature of the catalytic degradation process, and the maximum relative sensitivity values of SR1 and SR2 are as high as 2.760%K−1 and 3.019%K−1 at 304 K, respectively. Under 977 nm laser excitation, the energy migration from NGF‐T0.4Y6 to TiO2 is demonstrated to a fluorescence resonance energy transfer process. The degradation ratio of rhodamine B (RhB) is 19.3% in the presence of NGF‐T0.4Y6@TiO2/PAN fibers and the degradation constant K reaches 0.00117 min−1 after 3 h irradiating from Xe lamp with a UV cutoff filter. Accordingly, this study suggests a new perspective to utilize the NIR energy of sunlight for photocatalytic application based on TiO2, and the addition of dual temperature feedback provides a reliable reference for the development of safer and more efficient catalytic materials.
Micropattern‐Controlled Cell Density and Its Effect on Gene Transfection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Yongtao , Yoshitomi Toru , Kawazoe Naoki , Yang Yingnan , Chen Guoping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInfluence of cell density on gene transfection and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, micropatterned surfaces are prepared to control cell density, cell morphology, and cell–cell interactions to investigate how and why cell density affects gene transfection of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell density is controlled by adjusting the ratio of cell adhesive area to nonadhesive area. Gene transfection is dependent on cell density. A moderate cell density is beneficial for gene transfection, while low (2.5 ± 0.7 × 103 cells cm−2) and high (112.6 ± 9.6 × 103 cells cm−2) cell densities have negative effects on transfection. Influence of cell density on gene transfection is strongly correlated with its influence on cellular uptake capacity and DNA synthesis. High cellular uptake and DNA synthesis promote gene transfection. Variations in cell morphology and cell–cell interaction levels of populations with different cell densities could explain the influence of cell density. Large cell size (low cell density) and strong cell–cell interaction (high cell density) could increase gene transfection. Cell protrusion of large cells could slightly promote gene transfection. Balance of these factors is important for maximal gene transfection. The results should be useful for understanding the effect of cell density on gene transfection.
Organic Electrochemical Transistors: An Emerging Technology for Biosensing
Authors: Marks Adam , Griggs Sophie , Gasparini Nicola , Moser Maximilian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent research demonstrates the viability of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) as an emergent technology for biosensor applications. Herein, a comprehensive summary is provided, highlighting the significant progress and most notable advances within the field of OECT‐based biosensors. The working principles of an OECT are detailed, with specific attention given to the current library of organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (OMIEC) channel materials utilized in OECT biosensors. The application of OECTs for metabolite, ion, neuromorphic, electrophysiological, and virus sensing as well as immunosensing is reported, detailing the breadth and scope of OECT‐based biosensors. Furthermore, an outlook and perspective on synthetic molecular design of future channel materials, specifically designed for OECT biosensors, is provided. The development of optimized channel materials, creative device architectures, and operational nuances will set the stage for OECT‐based biosensors to thrive and accelerate their clinical prevalence in the near future.
A Bottom‐Electrode Contact: The Most Suitable Structure for Graphene Electronics
Authors: Cha Jongin , Son Jangyup , Hong Jongill 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe high contact resistivity of graphene, which is caused by its low density of states (DOS) at the Dirac point, is a major restriction for realizing low‐voltage, high‐speed graphene electronics. The bottom‐electrode contact is known to have a lower contact resistivity than the top‐electrode contact for graphene devices. However, it is not studied extensively enough to confirm its validity. Here, the contact resistivity of graphene on Pt as a bottom‐electrode in single‐layer graphene field‐effect transistors is investigated and its extremely low contact resistivity whose value is cross‐checked with various methods is successfully demonstrated. The absence of a significant difference in resistance measured by two‐probe and four‐probe methods indicates that the contact resistivity is insignificant. This extremely low resistivity (as low as 2.82 Ω µm), achieved without additional processes, such as doping or creation of artificial edges, is attributed to enhanced DOS in graphene edges with the bottom‐electrode contact. Unlike other reports, the contact resistivity remains constant with the increase in width of graphene‐metal contact, and it is lowest at the Dirac point, and this is the evidence of the current flowing along graphene edges. All observations strongly suggest that the bottom‐electrode contact is the most suitable structure for graphene electronics.
Single‐Crystalline Organic One‐Dimensional Microarrays toward High‐Performing Phototransistors
Authors: Deng Xin , Zhang Yu , Guo Yangwu , Li Xinyi , Yang Shuyuan , Zhu Xiaoting , Gao Hanfei , Feng Jiangang , Wu Yuchen , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic phototransistors (OPTs) with the ability to convert light signals into electrical signals have drawn attention for a variety of potential multifunctional applications, such as images, night vision, and optical communications, because of their advantages including designable molecular structures and low‐cost and large‐area fabrication. However, the performances of OPTs are hampered by organic semiconducting architectures with low crystallinity, random crystallographic orientation, and stochastic position arising from the uncontrollable dewetting dynamics, which is detrimental to the transport of carriers and separation of excitons. In this work, a capillary‐bridge lithography strategy to fabricate 1D single‐crystal arrays with the feature of high crystallinity, strict alignment, and accurate positioning is utilized. Owing to the application periodical micropillars of the template with asymmetric wettability, capillary bridges with unidirectional dewetting behavior are achieved to fabricate large‐area single‐crystalline arrays with precise alignment and pure crystallographic orientation. As a result, encouraged by the high hole mobility of 13.52 cm2 V−1 s−1, high‐performance OPTs with photosensitivity up to 2.5 × 107, responsivity up to 8.8 × 104 A W−1, and specific detectivity up to 7.5 × 1015 Jones are constructed. This research provides a guide for patterning large‐area 1D single‐crystalline arrays toward various high‐performance multifunctional optoelectronic devices.
Reactive Hydride Composite Confined in a Polymer Matrix: New Insights into the Desorption and Absorption of Hydrogen in a Storage Material with High Cycling Stability
Authors: Abetz Clarissa , Georgopanos Prokopios , Pistidda Claudio , Klassen Thomas , Abetz Volker 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHydrogen is key to the transformation of today's energy technology toward a sustainable future without carbon dioxide emissions. Hydrogen can be produced from water using renewable or sustainable energy sources such as solar or wind power. It can buffer fluctuations between energy generation and use in all energy sectors, stationary heat, and power, as well as mobility. Safe, fast, and easy to handle solutions for storing and releasing hydrogen are essential for the implementation of hydrogen technology. Among the storage alternatives, metal hydride materials represent a safe and efficient option. For the first time, detailed investigations of the local chemical changes in a confined hydrogen storage material before and after 21 hydrogen‐unloading and loading cycles are reported. The system is based on micrometer‐sized reactive hydride composite (RHC) particles, namely 6Mg(NH2)2 + 9LiH + 1LiBH4, dispersed in a matrix of poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) (TPXTM). The morphological stability of the confined RHC particles during the reversible and almost complete reaction with hydrogen is visualized in detail, explaining the excellent long‐term cycling stability.
High‐Refractive‐Index Chip with Periodically Fine‐Tuning Gratings for Tunable Virtual‐Wavevector Spatial Frequency Shift Universal Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Tang Mingwei , Han Yubing , Ye Dehao , Zhang Qianwei , Pang Chenlei , Liu Xiaowei , Shen Weidong , Ma Yaoguang , Kaminski Clemens F. , Liu Xu , Yang Qing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContinued research in fields such as materials science and biomedicine requires the development of a super‐resolution imaging technique with a large field of view (FOV) and deep subwavelength resolution that is compatible with both fluorescent and nonfluorescent samples. Existing on‐chip super‐resolution methods exclusively focus on either fluorescent or nonfluorescent imaging, and, as such, there is an urgent requirement for a more general technique that is capable of both modes of imaging. In this study, to realize labeled and label‐free super‐resolution imaging on a single scalable photonic chip, a universal super‐resolution imaging method based on the tunable virtual‐wavevector spatial frequency shift (TVSFS) principle is introduced. Using this principle, imaging resolution can be improved more than threefold over the diffraction limit of a linear optical system. Here, diffractive units are fabricated on the chip's surface to provide wavevector‐variable evanescent wave illumination, enabling tunable spatial frequency shifts in the Fourier space. A large FOV and resolutions of λ/4.7 and λ/7.1 were achieved for label‐free and fluorescently labeled samples using a gallium phosphide (GaP) chip. With its large FOV, compatibility with different imaging modes, and monolithic integration, the proposed TVSFS chip may advance fields such as cell engineering, precision industry inspection, and chemical research.
Crystal Growth Promotion and Defects Healing Enable Minimum Open‐Circuit Voltage Deficit in Antimony Selenide Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Guangxing , Chen Mingdong , Ishaq Muhammad , Li Xinru , Tang Rong , Zheng Zhuanghao , Su Zhenghua , Fan Ping , Zhang Xianghua , Chen Shuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAntimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is an ideal photovoltaic candidate profiting from its advantageous material characteristics and superior optoelectronic properties, and has gained considerable development in recent years. However, the further device efficiency breakthrough is largely plagued by severe open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit under the existence of multiple defect states and detrimental recombination loss. In this work, an effective absorber layer growth engineering involved with vapor transport deposition and post‐selenization is developed to grow Sb2Se3 thin films. High‐quality Sb2Se3 with large compact crystal grains, benign [hk1] growth orientation, stoichiometric chemical composition, and suitable direct bandgap are successfully fulfilled under an optimized post‐selenization scenario. Planar Sb2Se3 thin‐film solar cells with substrate configuration of Mo/Sb2Se3/CdS/ITO/Ag are constructed. By contrast, such engineering effort can remarkably mitigate the device VOC deficit, owing to the healed detrimental defects, the suppressed interface and space‐charge region recombination, the prolonged carrier lifetime, and the enhanced charge transport. Accordingly, a minimum VOC deficit of 0.647 V contributes to a record VOC of 0.513 V, a champion device with highly interesting efficiency of 7.40% is also comparable to those state‐of‐the‐art Sb2Se3 solar cells, paving a bright avenue to broaden its scope of photovoltaic applications.