bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Japan from 2008 to 2018: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Abiko Soichiro , Hirayama Yoji , Otaki Junji , Harada Yoshimi , Kawakami Kohei , Toi Takahiro , Takamiya Tomoko , Kawai Takashi 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo understand the recent prevalence and time trends of Helicobacter pylori infection rates in the Japanese population.DesignRepeated cross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 22 120 workers (age: 35–65 years) from one Japanese company, who underwent serum H. pylori antibody tests in a health check-up between 2008 and 2018.MeasuresH. pylori infection rates among participants aged 35 years from 2008 to 2018, and participants aged 35, 40, 45, and 50–65 years in 2018, based on the results of serum antibody tests, were analysed. In the 2018 analysis, in addition to the antibody test results, all participants who had undergone eradication treatment for H. pylori were considered as infected. Trends were examined using joinpoint analysis.ResultsH. pylori was detected in 1100 of 7586 male and 190 of 1739 female participants aged 35 years. Annual infection rates among those aged 35 years showed linear downward trends as follows: men, 17.5% in 2008 to 10.1% in 2018 (slope: −0.66); women, 12.3% in 2008 to 9.2% in 2018 (slope: −0.51) without joinpoints. In the 2018 analysis, 2432 of 9580 men and 431 of 1854 women were H. pylori positive. Infection rates tended to increase with older age (men: 11.0% (35 years) to 47.7% (65 years); women: 10.0% (35 years) to 40.0% (65 years)), and showed joinpoints in both sexes (men: 54 years; women: 45 years). Although both the first and second trends were upward, the second trend for both men and women was steeper than the first trend (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that in the previous 11 years, infection rates of H. pylori in 35-year-old male and female Japanese workers have constantly decreased, and furthermore, analysis of various age groups showed joinpoints around 50 years, suggesting a consistent declining trend in H. pylori infection rates in Japan.
National data on prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and antifibrotic drug use in Finnish specialised care
Authors: Salonen Johanna , Purokivi Minna , Hodgson Ulla , Kaarteenaho Riitta 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe previous data concerning the prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and the frequency of antifibrotic drug use in Finland were based on research registries and medical records whereas nationwide data on the number of patients with IPF in specialised care and those on antifibrotic treatment have not been published.MethodsWe made an information request to the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register (Hilmo) covering the whole population of Finland to find out the annual numbers of patients with IPF treated in specialised care in 2016–2021. The numbers of the patients initiating and using pirfenidone and nintedanib were requested from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela) for the same time period.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of IPF in specialised care was 36.0 per 100 000 in 2021, having increased since 2016. The number of antifibrotic drug users and their proportion of outpatients with IPF had also risen during the follow-up period. In 2021, 35% of the patients with IPF used pirfenidone or nintedanib. The number of inpatients treated in specialised care because of IPF had declined during 2016−2021.ConclusionsThe prevalence of IPF was higher than expected in Finnish specialised care and had increased during the 6-year follow-up time. The increase in the number of patients with IPF using antifibrotic drugs might have diminished the need for IPF-related hospitalisations.
MCPIP1 restrains mucosal inflammation by orchestrating the intestinal monocyte to macrophage maturation via an ATF3-AP1S2 axis
Authors: Lu Huiying , Zhang Cui , Wu Wei , Chen Huimin , Lin Ritian , Sun Ruicong , Gao Xiang , Li Gengfeng , He Qiong , Gao Han , Wu Xiaohan , Lin Jian , Zhu Ruixin , Niu Jianli , Kolattukudy Pappachan E , Liu Zhanju 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveMonocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and negatively regulates immune response, while the underlying mechanisms regulating mucosal macrophage functions remain unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of MCPIP1 in modulating the differentiation and functions of intestinal macrophages in the pathogenesis of IBD.DesignScRNA-seq was used to cluster the monocyte/macrophage lineage from macrophage-specificMcpip1-deficient (Mcpip1∆Mye) mice andMcpip1fl/fllittermates. The differentially expressed genes were confirmed by RNA-seq, luciferase assay, CUT&Tag assay and Western blotting. Effects of MCPIP1 and the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-AP1S2 axis were assessed in patients with IBD.ResultsMcpip1∆Myemice developed more severe dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis characterised by an increase in macrophage migratory capacity and M1 macrophage polarisation but a decrease in the monocyte-to-macrophage maturation in gut mucosa compared with their littermates. ScRNA-seq unravelled a proinflammatory population (Ccr2+Il-1β+Tlr2+Cx3cr1−Cd163−Mrc1−Ly6c+) of the monocyte/macrophage lineage from lamina propria CD11b+cells and an arrest ofMcpip1∆Myemonocyte-to-macrophage maturation in an Atf3-Ap1s2 axis-dependent manner. Silencing of Ap1s2 or Atf3 markedly suppressedMcpip1∆Myemacrophage migration, M1-like polarisation, and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Notably, in vivo blockage of Ap1s2 ameliorated DSS-induced colitis inMcpip1ΔMyemice through enhancing intestinal macrophage maturation. Furthermore, MCPIP1, ATF3 and AP1S2 were highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of active patients with IBD and blockage of ATF3 or AP1S2 significantly suppressed IBD CD14+-derived M1-like macrophage polarisation and proinflammatory cytokine production.ConclusionsMacrophage-specificMcpip1deficiency polarises macrophages towards M1-like phenotype, arrests macrophage maturation and exacerbates intestinal inflammation in an Atf3-Ap1s2-dependent manner, thus providing novel mechanistic insight into intestinal macrophage functions during IBD.
Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN
Authors: Morgan Eileen , Arnold Melina , Gini A , Lorenzoni V , Cabasag C J , Laversanne Mathieu , Vignat Jerome , Ferlay Jacques , Murphy Neil , Bray Freddie 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The geographical and temporal burden of this cancer provides insights into risk factor prevalence and progress in cancer control strategies. We examine the current and future burden of CRC in 185 countries in 2020 and 2040.MethodsData on CRC cases and deaths were extracted from the GLOBOCAN database for the year 2020. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were calculated by sex, country, world region and Human Development Index (HDI) for 185 countries. Age-specific rates were also estimated. The predicted number of cases and deaths in 2040 were calculated based on global demographic projections by HDI.ResultsOver 1.9 million new CRC cases and 930 000 deaths were estimated in 2020. Incidence rates were highest in Australia/ New Zealand and European regions (40.6 per 100 000, males) and lowest in several African regions and Southern Asia (4.4 per 100 000, females). Similar patterns were observed for mortality rates, with the highest observed in Eastern Europe (20.2 per 100 000, males) and the lowest in Southern Asia (2.5 per 100 000, females). The burden of CRC is projected to increase to 3.2 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths by 2040 with most cases predicted to occur in high or very high HDI countries.ConclusionsCRC is a highly frequent cancer worldwide, and largely preventable through changes in modifiable risk factors, alongside the detection and removal of precancerous lesions. With increasing rates in transitioning countries and younger adults, there is a pressing need to better understand and act on findings to avert future cases and deaths from the disease.
Reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) as an early marker of responsiveness to oral iron supplementation
Authors: Pei Lulu X , Kroeun Hou , Karakochuk Crystal D 
Published: September 2022

AimWe investigated the potential of reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) as an early marker of responsiveness to iron supplementation.MethodsData were obtained from a randomised controlled trial of daily iron supplementation in 356 Cambodian women (18–45 y) who received 60 mg elemental iron for 12 weeks. A fasted venous blood specimen was collected at baseline, 1-week and 12-week timepoints. Whole blood haemoglobin (g/L) and RET-He (pg) were measured using a Sysmex haematology analyser. RET-He measures were evaluated for their predictive ability on haemoglobin response to iron supplementation (defined as ≥10 g/L at 12 weeks). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess discrimination performance, and the area under the ROC curve (AUCROC) served as a measure of the ability of each predictor to discriminate between women likely or unlikely to elicit a haemoglobin response.ResultsPredictive ability (AUCROC(95% CI)) of baseline, 1-week, and change from baseline to 1-week RET-He on haemoglobin response was 0.70 (0.63 to 0.76), 0.48 (0.41 to 0.56) and 0.81 (0.75 to 0.87), respectively. Based on the Youden index, an absolute increase in RET-He of ~1.1 pg or a percentage increase of ~4.4% over 1 week were optimal thresholds to predict responsiveness to iron supplementation.ConclusionSingle timepoint RET-He measures have poor predictive ability; however, change in RET-He after 1 week was a strong predictor of haemoglobin response among Cambodian women receiving 60 mg elemental iron and can be measured easily and quickly after only 1 week of iron therapy.
Associations between cohort study participation and self-reported health and well-being: the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study
Authors: Taanila Heli , Rönkä Anna Reetta , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Jokelainen Jari , Nordström Tanja , Taanila Anja , Hurtig Tuula 
Published: September 2022

AimThe aim of this study was to explore whether active participation in a longitudinal birth cohort study is associated with study participants’ health behaviour and well-being.MethodsThe subjects of this study were part of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. The follow-up data were collected through clinical examinations and questionnaires when the cohort members were 1, 14, 31 and 46 years old. In this study, cohort participation activity was divided into three categories: active, semiactive and least active.ResultsThe total number of study participants who participated in the 46-year follow-up on both the survey and clinical trials was 6392, of which 66.5% (n=4268) participated actively in the cohort study. A total of 67.6% were female (p<0.001). Of the participants, 23.7% (n=1519) were semiactive and 9.5% (n=605) were the least active. Women who participated least actively experienced statistically significantly more depressive symptoms and poorer health, were more dissatisfied with their lives and had more addiction problems. In men, there was not a statistically significant association between participation activity and these well-being variables other than addiction problems and mental health.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that participation activity is associated with better self-reported health and well-being, especially among women. With this knowledge, people can be encouraged to participate in longitudinal health research and, at the same time, may improve their own health and quality of life.
Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of the 2021 EAN/PNS and 2010 EFNS/PNS diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , De Lorenzo Alberto , Manganelli Fiore , Cocito Dario , Fazio Raffaella , Briani Chiara , Mazzeo Anna , Filosto Massimiliano , Cosentino Giuseppe , Benedetti Luana , Schenone Angelo , Marfia Girolama Alessandra , Antonini Giovanni , Matà Sabrina , Luigetti Marco , Liberatore Giuseppe , Spina Emanuele , Peci Erdita , Strano Camilla , Cacciavillani Mario , Gentile Luca , Cotti Piccinelli Stefano , Cortese Andrea , Bianchi Elisa , Nobile-Orazio Eduardo 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the sensitivity and specificity of the 2021 European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) diagnostic criteria for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) with those of the 2010 European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS).MethodsSensitivity and specificity of the two sets of criteria were evaluated in 330 patients with CIDP and 166 axonal peripheral neuropathy controls. Comparison of the utility of nerve conduction studies with different number of nerves examined and of the sensitivity and specificity of the two criteria in typical CIDP and its variants were assessed.ResultsEFNS/PNS criteria had a sensitivity of 92% for possible CIDP and 85% for probable/definite CIDP, while the EAN/PNS criteria had a sensitivity of 83% for possible CIDP and 74% for CIDP. Using supportive criteria, the sensitivity of the EAN/PNS criteria for possible CIDP increased to 85% and that of CIDP to 77%, remaining lower than that of the EFNS/PNS criteria. Specificity of the EFNS/PNS criteria was 68% for possible CIDP and 84% for probable/definite CIDP, while the EAN/PNS criteria had a specificity of 88% for possible CIDP and 98% for CIDP. More extended studies increased the sensitivity of both sets of criteria by 4%–7% but reduced their specificity by 2%–3%. The EFNS/PNS criteria were more sensitive for the diagnosis of typical CIDP while the EAN/PNS criteria were more specific for the diagnosis of distal and sensory CIDP.ConclusionsIn our population, the EAN/PNS criteria were more specific but less sensitive than the EFNS/PNS criteria. With the EAN/PNS criteria, more extended nerve conduction studies are recommended to obtain an acceptable sensitivity while maintaining a high specificity.
Closing the empathy gap towards equitable outcomes: gender equity in the medical workforce
Authors: Bharwani Aleem , Ruzycki Shannon M 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundEmpathy failures lead to equity failures. Women and men physicians experience work differently. Men physicians, however, may be unaware how these differences impact their colleagues. This constitutes an empathy gap; empathy gaps are associated with harm to outgroups. In our previous published work, we found that men had divergent views from women about the experiences of women relating to gender equity; senior men differed most from junior women. Since men physicians hold disproportionately more leadership roles than women, this empathy gap warrants exploration and remediation.AnalysisGender, age, motivation and power each seems to influence our empathic tendencies. Empathy, however, is not a static trait. Empathy can be developed and displayed by individuals through their thoughts, words and actions. Leaders can also influence culture by enshrining an empathic disposition in our social and organisation structures.ConclusionsWe outline methods to increase our empathic capacities as individuals and organisations through perspective-taking, perspective-giving and verbal commitments to institutional empathy. In doing so, we challenge all medical leaders to herald an empathic transformation of our medical culture in pursuit of a more equitable and pluralistic workplace for all groups of people.
New insight into 3-picoline—deuterium oxide (D2O) mixtures of limited miscibility with the lower critical consolute temperature
Authors: Kalabiński Jakub , Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra , Rzoska Sylwester J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoexistence curves in mixtures of limited miscibility with the lower critical consolute temperature (LCT), of 3-picoline with deuterium oxide (D2O), and D2O/H2O have been determined. They were tested with respect to the order parameter, the diameter of the binodal, and coordinates of the critical consolute point (critical temperature $${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$$

T
C

and critical concentration $${\phi }_{\mathrm{C}}$$

ϕ
C

). Studies were carried out using the innovative method based on the analysis of relative volumes occupied by coexisting phases, yielding high-resolution data. The clear violation of the Cailletet-Mathew law of rectilinear diameter for the LCT mixtures of limited miscibility is evidenced. For the order parameter, the new distortion-sensitive analysis method yielded the evidence for the model-value of the order parameter critical exponent $$\beta =0.326\pm 0.003$$

β
=
0.326
±
0.003

, up to ca. 1 K from $${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$$

T
C

. Finally, the simple & easy method for determining the critical concentration by testing relative volumes of coexisting phases (or alternatively fractional meniscus heights, h) is presented. The significance of the invariant value $${h}_{\mathrm{C}}=h\left({T}_{\mathrm{C}},{\phi }_{\mathrm{C}}\right)=1/2$$

h
C

=
h

T
C

,

ϕ
C

=
1
/
2

is highlighted. The appearance of the milky & bluish critical opalescence is also shown.
Graphical abstract
Delayed Supplementation Strategy of Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Improved Proregenerative Efficiency in a Fat Transplantation Model
Authors: Mou Shan , Li Yuan , Sun Di , Zhou Muran , Li Jialun , Chen Lifeng , Liu Shaokai , Yang Jie , Xiao Peng , Tong Jing , Wang Zhenxing , Sun Jiaming 
Published: September 2022

Background. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) possess similar proregenerative effects when injected into defects immediately following trauma. However, MSC-EVs are superior to MSCs in terms of storage and rejection reflection, while immediate administration of MSC-EVs is related to several target cells for most donor cells die within few weeks. Besides, the inflammatory cascade is incited, providing an unfavorable environment for target cells. We hypothesized that delayed injection of MSC-EVs might have priority on tissue regeneration than instant injection. Method. Extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSC-EVs) were administered into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro at different doses. The migration of HUVECs was assessed using the scratch wound healing assay, whereas the length of tubes and number of vessel-like structures formed by HUVECs were determined using tube formation assay. Next, 24 BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into three groups (

n
=
8

). For the EV-delayed group, ADSC-EVs were injected into transplanted fat a week later than the EV-immediate group. The volume and weight of grafts were measured at 3 months after fat transplantation. Further, the number of CD31-possitive vessels and CD206-possitive cells in the fat grafts was quantified. Results. Compared with the EV-immediate group, the EV-delayed group had a higher fat tissue retention volume (

0.11
±
0.02

mL versus

0.08
±
0.01

mL), more neovessels (

31.00
±
4.60

versus

24.20
±
3.97

), and fewer cysts. Furthermore, there were more Ki67-positive cells (

25.40
±
7.14

versus

16.20
±
4.17

) and CD206-positive M2 macrophages cells (

23.60
±
3.44

versus

14.00
±
3.85

) in the EV-delayed group than in the EV-immediate group. Conclusion. Delayed injection of ADSC-EVs promotes fat graft volume retention by stimulating angiogenesis. These findings suggest that delayed supplementation might be a more effective strategy for the application of MSC-EVs in tissue regeneration.
Genomic Landscapes and Hallmarks of Mutant RAS in Human Cancers
Authors: Scharpf Robert B. , Balan Archana , Ricciuti Biagio , Fiksel Jacob , Cherry Christopher , Wang Chenguang , Lenoue-Newton Michele L. , Rizvi Hira A. , White James R. , Baras Alexander S. , Anaya Jordan , Landon Blair V. , Majcherska-Agrawal Marta , Ghanem Paola , Lee Jocelyn , Raskin Leon , Park Andrew S. , Tu Huakang , Hsu Hil , Arbour Kathryn C. , Awad Mark M. , Riely Gregory J. , Lovly Christine M. , Anagnostou Valsamo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe RAS family of small GTPases represents the most commonly activated oncogenes in human cancers. To better understand the prevalence of somatic RAS mutations and the compendium of genes that are coaltered in RAS-mutant tumors, we analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing data of 607,863 mutations from 66,372 tumors in 51 cancer types in the AACR Project GENIE Registry. Bayesian hierarchical models were implemented to estimate the cancer-specific prevalence of RAS and non-RAS somatic mutations, to evaluate co-occurrence and mutual exclusivity, and to model the effects of tumor mutation burden and mutational signatures on comutation patterns. These analyses revealed differential RAS prevalence and comutations with non-RAS genes in a cancer lineage-dependent and context-dependent manner, with differences across age, sex, and ethnic groups. Allele-specific RAS co-mutational patterns included an enrichment in NTRK3 and chromatin-regulating gene mutations in KRAS G12C-mutant non–small cell lung cancer. Integrated multiomic analyses of 10,217 tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed distinct genotype-driven gene expression programs pointing to differential recruitment of cancer hallmarks as well as phenotypic differences and immune surveillance states in the tumor microenvironment of RAS-mutant tumors. The distinct genomic tracks discovered in RAS-mutant tumors reflected differential clinical outcomes in TCGA cohort and in an independent cohort of patients with KRAS G12C-mutant non–small cell lung cancer that received immunotherapy-containing regimens. The RAS genetic architecture points to cancer lineage–specific therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be leveraged for rationally combining RAS-mutant allele-directed therapies with targeted therapies and immunotherapy.Significance:The complex genomic landscape of RAS-mutant tumors is reflective of selection processes in a cancer lineage–specific and context-dependent manner, highlighting differential therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be clinically translated.