bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Psychology of Offering Wasta: Inferences from Narratives
Authors: Al‐Twal Arwa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is increasing interest in understanding Wasta and its influences on individuals and organizations alike, but little attention has been paid to uncovering elements related to the psychology of offering Wasta, to understand how individuals make their decisions about being Wasta patrons. Extending on the article “Narrative inquiry: a proposed methodology for Wasta research” in Thunderbird International Business Review Journal, this article presents a set of narratives of five individuals in various occupations and industries who were asked to be the patrons of Wasta in an organizational setting in Jordan. The findings generated from the narratives indicate that the decision of offering Wasta depends on the type of network with the receiver, perceived recipient deservingness, the impact of offering Wasta on the donor, and the donor's reciprocity expectations. Through the narratives, a deep understanding of the psychology of offering Wasta and how it works is obtained. The implications of this research are theoretical and practical and are presented at the end of the paper.
Cost of primary care approaches for hypertension management and risk-based cardiovascular disease prevention in Bangladesh: a HEARTS costing tool application
Authors: Husain Muhammad Jami , Haider Mohammad Sabbir , Tarannum Renesa , Jubayer Shamim , Bhuiyan Mahfuzur Rahman , Kostova Deliana , Moran Andrew E , Choudhury Sohel Reza 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the costs of scaling up the HEARTS pilot project for hypertension management and risk-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention at the full population level in the four subdistricts (upazilas) in Bangladesh.SettingsTwo intervention scenarios in subdistrict health complexes: hypertension management only, and risk-based integrated hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol management.DesignData obtained during July–August 2020 from subdistrict health complexes on the cost of medications, diagnostic materials, staff salaries and other programme components.MethodsProgramme costs were assessed using the HEARTS costing tool, an Excel-based instrument to collect, track and evaluate the incremental annual costs of implementing the HEARTS programme from the health system perspective.Primary and secondary outcome measuresProgramme cost, provider time.ResultsThe total annual cost for the hypertension control programme was estimated at US$3.2 million, equivalent to US$2.8 per capita or US$8.9 per eligible patient. The largest cost share (US$1.35 million; 43%) was attributed to the cost of medications, followed by the cost of provider time to administer treatment (38%). The total annual cost of the risk-based integrated management programme was projected at US$14.4 million, entailing US$12.9 per capita or US$40.2 per eligible patient. The estimated annual costs per patient treated with medications for hypertension, diabetes and cholesterol were US$18, US$29 and US$37, respectively.ConclusionExpanding the HEARTS hypertension management and CVD prevention programme to provide services to the entire eligible population in the catchment area may face constraints in physician capacity. A task-sharing model involving shifting of select tasks from doctors to nurses and local community health workers would be essential for the eventual scale-up of primary care services to prevent CVD in Bangladesh.
Fals Borda’s Historia doble de la Costa: The Anatomy of a Book Unfolding into Queerness
Authors: Pereira Álex 
Published: June 2022

Tracing of the queer elements in Orlando Fals Borda’s Historia doble de la Costa, written as part of the development of his participatory action research method, suggests that these elements provide a subversive lens and the strength to destabilize academic conventions and take risks in the analysis of class, race, and gender issues. In addition, they can be seen as stimulating other types of thought and different ways of seeing and understanding social reality. Es posible rastrear elementos queer en el libro Historia doble de la Costa, escrito por Orlando Fals Borda como parte de su puesta en práctica del método de investigación acción participativa. En esas marcas queer se halla su fuerza para transgredir convenciones académicas, y que ellas le posibilitan tomar riesgos en el análisis de cuestiones de clase, raza y género, además de estimular otros tipos de pensamientos y maneras distintas de ver y entender la realidad social.
Handwriting and typing: Occupational therapy practice when supporting adolescents with handwriting difficulties
Authors: Nightingale Ruth , Sumner Emma , Prunty Mellissa , Barnett Anna L. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction While most children have developed effective handwriting by secondary school age, some have handwriting difficulties that hamper academic progress. Occupational therapists play a role in assessment and planning support, which may include introducing typing as an alternative. However, there is limited understanding regarding how decisions are made about recommending typing. This study explored the support provided to adolescents with handwriting difficulties by occupational therapists, and the contextual factors that influence their decision-making. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 occupational therapists and analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Although there was shared practice underpinned by occupational therapy philosophy, there was also divergent practice due to different approaches. Roles and responsibilities, resources, and evidence and experience influenced occupational therapists’ practice. Understanding the adolescent’s motivation, the effect of handwriting difficulties on well-being and the need for a functional method to record schoolwork, was central to occupational therapists’ decision-making to recommend typing. Conclusion Strategies are needed to address the knowledge-practice gap, including evidence-based guidelines. Closer collaboration between occupational therapists and school staff could increase understanding of roles and highlight the unique occupational therapy contribution. Further research examining whether, when and how to introduce typing as an alternative to handwriting would support best practice.
Preoperative malnutrition as an independent risk factor for the postoperative mortality in elderly Chinese individuals undergoing hip surgery: a single-center observational study
Authors: Feng Long , Chen Wenji , Ping Ping , Ma Tao , Li Yang , Xu Longhe , Feng Zeguo , Zhao Yali , Fu Shihui 
Published: June 2022

Objective: Malnutrition is prevalent in elderly with hip fracture and higher than in community-dwelling older adults. Scarce studies have examined the association between preoperative malnutrition and postoperative mortality in elderly Chinese individuals with hip fracture. This study was designed to explore the effect of preoperative malnutrition on the postoperative long-term mortality in elderly Chinese individuals undergoing hip surgery. Methods: As a single-center observational study, this study included 263 consecutive patients above 70 years old with hip fracture and elective surgery. Preoperative nutritional status was evaluated by prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Patients were divided into one group with malnutrition (26 patients with PNI ⩽ 38) and the other group without malnutrition (169 patients with PNI > 38), respectively. Results: The overall malnutrition rate was 13.3% (26 patients). The postoperative long-term mortality rates of patients with and without malnutrition had statistically significant difference [10 patients (38.5%) and 32 patients (18.9%), p < 0.05]. Cox regression analysis showed that malnutrition (hazard ratio: 0.269, 95% confidence interval: 0.085–0.859, p < 0.05) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (hazard ratio: 0.873, 95% confidence interval: 0.790–0.964, p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for the postoperative long-term mortality. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that preoperative malnutrition was an independent risk factor for the postoperative long-term mortality and resulted in a more than 2.5-fold increase of the postoperative long-term mortality in elderly Chinese individuals undergoing hip surgery.
A qualitative, cross-cultural investigation into the impact of potentially traumatic work events on Saudi and UK ambulance personnel and how they cope
Authors: Alshahrani Khalid Mufleh , Johnson Judith , Hill Lawrence , Alghunaim Tmam Abdulaziz , Sattar Raabia , O’Connor Daryl B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among ambulance personnel, but its prevalence varies between developed and developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the lived experience of potentially traumatic work events between Saudi and UK ambulance personnel.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with 16 ambulance workers from Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom (8 participants from each country) were conducted to explore their lived experiences of potentially traumatic events at work. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Four key themes were identified from interviews: (1) some events are inherently more stressful than others; (2) pressure of organizational and interpersonal stressors; (3) convergence and divergence in cross-cultural coping strategies; and (4) preferring formal and confidential support.

Conclusions
There were differences in the nature of traumatic events and the ways of coping between the two cultures, but paramedics in both cultures had an agreement about their preference for individual and formal support. The results of this study may help inform the development of interventions and PTSD prevention programs for ambulance personnel.
The relationship between police contacts for drug use-related crime and future arrests, incarceration, and overdoses: a retrospective observational study highlighting the need to break the vicious cycle
Authors: Zhang Alice , Balles Joseph A. , Nyland Jennifer E. , Nguyen Thao H. , White Veronica M. , Zgierska Aleksandra E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Individuals with substance use disorder often encounter law enforcement due to drug use-related criminal activity. Traditional policing approaches may not be effective for reducing recidivism and improving outcomes in this population. Here, we describe the impact of traditional policing approach to drug use-related crime on future recidivism, incarceration, and overdoses.

Methods
Using a local Police Department (PD) database, we identified individuals with a police contact with probable cause to arrest for a drug use-related crime (“index contact”), including for an opioid-related overdose, between September 1, 2015, and August 31, 2016 (Group 1, N = 52). Data on police contacts, arrests, and incarceration 12 months before and after the index contact were extracted and compared using Fisher’s exact or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. County-level data on fatal overdoses and estimates of time spent by PD officers in index contact-related responses were also collected. To determine whether crime-related outcomes changed over time, we identified a second group (Group 2, N = 263) whose index contact occurred between September 1, 2017, and August 31, 2020, and extracted data on police contacts, arrests, and incarceration during the 12 months prior to their index contact. Pre-index contact data between Groups 1 and 2 were compared with Fisher’s exact or Mann–Whitney U tests.

Results
Comparison of data during 12 months before and 12 months after the index contact showed Group 1 increased their total number of overdose-related police contacts (6 versus 18; p = 0.024), incarceration rate (51.9% versus 84.6%; p = 0.001), and average incarceration duration per person (16.2 [SD = 38.6] to 50 days [SD = 72]; p < 0.001). In the six years following the index contact, 9.6% sustained a fatal opioid-related overdose. For Group 1, an average of 4.7 officers were involved, devoting an average total of 7.2 h per index contact. Comparison of pre-index contact data between Groups 1 and 2 showed similar rates of overdose-related police contacts and arrests.

Conclusions
The results indicated that the traditional policing approach to drug use-related crime did not reduce arrests or incarceration and was associated with a risk of future overdose fatalities. Alternative law enforcement-led strategies, e.g., pre-arrest diversion-to-treatment programs, are urgently needed.
Parent and implementer attitudes on gender-equal caregiving in theory and practice: perspectives on the impact of a community-led parenting empowerment program in rural Kenya and Zambia
Authors: Okelo Kenneth , Onyango Silas , Murdock Dawn , Cordingley Kaylie , Munsongo Kelvin , Nyamor George , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Fathers are often perceived to be mainly responsible for the provision of the family's economic needs. However, past studies have demonstrated that fathers’ involvement in parenting has great significance for the child’s holistic growth and development. Few studies have investigated fathers’ roles in the nurturing care of young children, particularly responsive care and stimulation, in sub-Saharan Africa. The study reported here was carried out as part of a larger study that sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the Moments That Matter (MTM) program in improving the nurturing care of young children in rural communities in Zambia and Kenya. The MTM program uses a parenting empowerment approach to promote bonding and interactions between caregivers and their children within the home, focusing on responsive care, early learning, and security and safety so that children reach their full developmental potential. Trained volunteers facilitated monthly primary caregiver support and learning groups and ECD home visits. Fathers were encouraged to participate in the home visits and to attend some of the group meetings on specific topics. The study reported in this paper aimed to establish the impact of the parenting empowerment program in promoting more gender-equal attitudes and practices on parenting among fathers (who were not the primary caregivers).

Methods
Qualitative data were collected at three time points (pre-intervention before the implementation began; mid-intervention after 6 months of implementation; and post-intervention, after 24 months). We conducted focused group discussions with primary caregivers (n = 72) and fathers (n = 24) with children below 3 years. In-depth interviews were conducted with ECD Promoters (n = 43) and faith leaders (= 20). We also conducted key informant interviews with the MTM program implementers (n = 8) and government officials (n = 5) involved in the program implementation. We employed thematic analysis to analyse the qualitative data.

Results
The findings showed that the MTM program resulted in improved gender-equal parenting attitudes and practices among mothers/other primary caregivers and fathers. Study participants reported that most fathers spent more time playing and interacting with their children and were more involved in household chores due to their participation in the MTM program.

Conclusion
The study findings provide evidence for policy formulation and a guide for implementation of policies that can influence changes in perceived gender roles in parenting.
Closed form solution for a semi-infinite crack moving in an infinite orthotropic material with a circular crack breaker under antiplane strain
Authors: Emenogu Ndubueze G. , Nnadi James N. , Ogbonna Nkem 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of a circular crack breaker on mode-III deformation behavior of a semi-infinite crack in a homogeneous, elastic orthotropic material subjected to longitudinal shear loads. The Galilean transformation is employed to convert the governing wave equation to Laplace’s equation which is time independent, rendering the problem amenable to analysis within the realm of the classical theory of two-dimensional elasticity. Considering the geometrical configuration of the problem, the analytical solution of the problem is possible if the problem is transformed using the appropriate mapping function. Our construction of a holomorphic function that maps the circular hole into a straight line with the edge terminating at the origin is a novelty which enables the use of integral transform method to obtain an analytic solution of the displacement, leading to closed-form expression for mode-III stress intensity factor, $$K_{111}$$

K
111

. The asymptotic values of the fields are obtained and shown to depend on the radius of the crack breaker. A parametric study shows that, for a fixed loading interval, a crack breaker of larger radius leads to increased stress intensity factor.
Saudi Arabian students in postgraduate dental programs: Investigating factors associated with burnout
Authors: Asiri Amal 
Published: June 2022

Background: Burnout related to emotional and physical study or work demands affects an individual’s performance and wellbeing. This study focused on Saudi Arabian dental residents studying in the United States and the United Kingdom who are faced with many challenges in the pursuit of a higher education degree. Methods: A survey including demographic and Maslach Burnout inventory (MBI) questions was distributed to assess this population’s level of burnout. The MBI has been widely used in the literature to assess three components of burnout: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DEP), and (diminished) personal accomplishment (PA). Potential predictors of burnout level, tested for statistical significance, included: (1) country (US vs UK), (2) hours of work, (3) sponsorship status, (4) marital status (5) gender, and (6) prior work experience. Results: The number of participants from the UK was 29 and from the US was 64 (n=93). The total number of participants who completed the survey was 87. Using multiple regression analyses, those found to predict EE included hours of work, sponsorship status, and gender. Only gender was found to predict PA. None of the variables were predictive of DEP. Moreover, after controlling for the demographic variables, the country where studying did not help account for the level of burnout. Conclusion: In the literature, burnout was found to be prevalent among dental postgraduate students. This study suggests that Saudi Arabian dental residents experience high burnout due to emotional exhaustion when compared to other medical professionals. Moreover, Female residents are more likely to report experiencing burnout than their male counterparts. Limitations of the study, implications for practice and suggestions for further research are offered in the discussion.
Leveraging on digital technology for financial inclusion of women agripreneurs in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Vivian Chinelo Ugwuja , Peter Ayodeji Ekunwe 
Published: June 2022

Background Women are key players in agriculture, but they are under-resourced, particularly in terms of finance. Microfinance has long been recognized as the most effective method of financially empowering these women, but using the benefits of digital technology can help scale it up and ensure its long-term viability. Methods The study area was Southern Nigeria. Respondents were women agripreneurs (n=479), from six states. 239 women agripreneurs who accessed digital financial products and 240 women agripreneurs who did not access financial products participated in the survey in 2019. Results The tests for significant difference between income of participants and non-participants in digital finance indicated a T-value of 3.214 (P< 0.001), which implies that there was a significant difference in the income of those that are accessing digital financial products (DFPs) and those that are not accessing DFPs. The tests for significant difference between savings of participants and non-participants indicated a T-value of 2.479 (p<0.05), which also implies that there was a significant difference in the women agripreneurs’ savings for participants and non-participants in DFPs. Only 2.5% of women agripreneurs are participating in micro-insurance in Southern Nigeria. Conclusions Women agripreneurs who are accessing digital financial products earned more income and saved more than those who are not accessing digital financial products. This implies that you are more advantaged in using digital finance in business. Micro-insurance is poorly accessed in Nigeria, and awareness of insurance products is moderately low. This study recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria should engage in more outreach programmes to enable all women in Nigeria access digital financial products because of its convenience and contributions to success in business. Insurance companies should capitalize on business models that incorporate mobile technologies in order to increase insurance penetration in rural areas.
Oxygen uptake kinetics and ventilatory and metabolic parameters do not differ between moderate‐intensity front crawl and breaststroke swimming
Authors: Lomax Mitch , Royal Joshua T. , Kapus Jernej , Massey Heather , Saynor Zoe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPulmonary oxygen uptake () kinetics have been well studied during land‐based exercise. However, less is known about kinetics during swimming exercise and comparisons between strokes is non‐existent. We aimed to characterize and compare the kinetics, ventilatory,e and metabolic response to constant velocity moderate‐intensity freely breathing front crawl (FC) and breaststroke (BR) swimming in a swimming flume. These two strokes reflect predominantly upper body versus lower body modes of swimming locomotion, respectively. Eight trained swimmers (4 females, 20 ± 1 years, 1.74 ± 0.06 m; 66.8 ± 6.3 kg) attended 5–6 laboratory‐based swimming sessions. The first two trials determined FC and BR and the ventilatory threshold (VT), respectively, during progressive intensity swimming to the limit of tolerance. Subsequent trials involved counterbalanced FC and BR transitions from prone floating to constant velocity moderate‐intensity swimming at 80% of the velocity at VT (vVT), separated by 30‐min recovery. Breath‐by‐breath changes in pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation were measured continuously using a snorkel and aquatic metabolic cart system. The ventilatory and metabolic responses were similar (p > 0.05) between strokes during maximal velocity swimming, however, vVT and maximal velocity were slower (p < 0.05) during BR . During moderate‐intensity swimming, kinetics, ventilatory and metabolic parameters were similar (p > 0.05) between strokes. In conclusion, when breathing ad libitum, kinetics during moderate‐intensity constant velocity swimming, and ventilatory and metabolic responses during moderate‐intensity and maximal velocity swimming, are similar between FC and BR strokes.
Determination of the degree of recrystallization of a microalloyed HSLA steel by using metallographic methods
Authors: Monschein S. , Kostwein N. , Ragger K. S. , Zügner D. , Fasching J. , Schnitzer R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
On the one hand, this work aims at describing the grain elongation of compressed samples of a microalloyed high-strength steel using appropriate parameters. On the other hand, the degree of recrystallization is to be determined based on the samples’ grain elongation. For this purpose, single-hit compression tests were performed with varying test parameter settings using a deformation dilatometer to generate samples characterized by various degrees of recrystallization. Three parameters were chosen to describe the grain elongation. It was found that the parameter defining the ratio length/ width of the original grain provides the highest sensitivity regarding changes in the grain elongation. Aiming at determining the degree of recrystallization, a critical grain elongation threshold value was determined below which it is assumed that a grain is recrystallized. The results show that choosing the right threshold value allows an automated determination of the degree of recrystallization of a microalloyed high-strength steel in the light microscope.