bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship Between Demographic Characters of Green Space Users and the Categorization of Green Spaces
Authors: Gagakuma Desmond , Takyi Stephen Appiah , Amponsah Owusu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The paper examines the relationship between the demographic characters of the users of green spaces and the activities they perform in green spaces. The study considers green spaces from a categorical perspective. Therefore, the study selected green spaces in the city of Kumasi that falls under three categories of green spaces. Using semi-structured questionnaires which were administered to green space users using interviews, data was obtained from 345 visitors of the categories of green spaces selected for this study. The selected green spaces in this study include KNUST Botanical Garden, KNUST Royal Parade Ground, and the road corridor that extends from the Ahodwo Roundabout to the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly Clinic. The findings of the study indicate that the linear green space and the functional green space attracted more young people than the amenity green space. The findings further indicated that the relationship between the demographic characteristics of the respondents and walking at the KNUST Botanical Garden and the Royal Parade Ground was not statistically significant. However, at the linear green space, some demographic characteristics of respondents such as marital status and age and the use of the green space for walking had a statistically significant relationship. The study found that there was no statistically significant relationship between the demographic characters of green space users and the use of the three selected categories of green space for relaxation. The further statistical test showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between the demographic characters of green space users and the use of green space for conversation at the KNUST Botanical Garden and the linear green space selected for this study. However, the statistical test indicated that the employment status of the respondents had a statistically significant relationship with the use of the Royal Parade Ground for conversations. The study concludes that all green spaces are not the same; therefore, the demographic characteristics of green space users that influence the use of different categories of green space for specific activities are dynamic. The researchers recommend that greenspace administrators and city authorities should avoid making generic greenspace policies that aim to improve the performance of specific activities in green spaces. Green space administrators and city authorities must meticulously collect data on the demographic characteristics of respondents and conduct statistical analyses which will empower them to make context-specific policies for the various categories of green spaces which exist in cities.
Structure of the magma plumbing system beneath Semisopochnoi Island (Aleutian Arc) inferred from seismic tomography
Authors: Koulakov Ivan , Yaroshenko Galina , Al-Arifi Nassir , Qaysi Saleh , El-Khrepy Sami 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Semisopochnoi Island is a remote and little-studied volcanic island in the western part of the Aleutian Arc. The existence of several active volcanic centers and a 5,000–6,900-year-old large caldera makes this island an important site for volcanic hazard assessment in the Northern Pacific. Based on local seismicity data recorded by six permanent seismic stations, we created the seismic tomography model, including the 3D distributions of Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vs ratios to a depth of 10 km. This model provides the first geophysical insight into the interior structure of Semisopochnoi Island and sheds light on the processes in the magma plumbing system beneath all volcanic centers on the island. At depths of 5–10 km, we observed a columnar-shaped high Vp/Vs-ratio anomaly below the caldera in the central part of the island, which likely represents the steady magma conduit. This conduit is headed by a prominent high Vp/Vs-ratio anomaly located 3–5 km directly below the caldera, which represents the magma reservoir feeding Cerberus and other Holocene-aged volcanic centers on Semisopochnoi Island.
Epidemiological Survey and Genetic Characterization of Type 3 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Isolated from a Patient with Four Doses of Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Henan Province, China
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Yang Jianhui , Bai Yiran , Zhu Hui , Wang Changshuang , Zhang Lu , Xu Jin , Lu Mingxia , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Xiao Zhanpei , Ma Yating , Wang Yan , Li Xiaolei , Wang Dongyan , Zhu Shuangli , Yan Dongmei , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yong , Zhang Yanyang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of the first vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) identified from a patient with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), with four doses of inactivated polio vaccine immunization in Henan Province, China in 2017. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with type 3 VDPV. Subsequently, a series of epidemiological approaches was implemented, including a retrospective search of AFP cases, rate of vaccination assessment, study of contacts, and supplementary immunization activities. Fecal samples were collected, viral isolation was performed, and the viral isolates were characterized using full-length genomic sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Results: Phylogenetic analysis showed that the viral isolates were different from other reported genetic clusters of type 3 VDPV worldwide. They were identified as a Sabin 3/Sabin 1 recombinant VDPV with a crossover site in the P2 region. Nucleotide substitutions, including U → C(472) and C → U(2493), have been identified, both of which are frequently observed as reversion mutations in neurovirulent type 3 poliovirus. A unique aspect of this case is that the patient had been vaccinated with four doses of inactive polio vaccine, and the serum neutralizing antibody for Sabin types 1 and 3 were 1:16 and 1:512, respectively. Thus, the patient was speculated to have been infected with type 3 VDPV, and the virus continued to replicate and be excreted for at least 41 d. Conclusion: The existence of this kind of virus in human population is a serious risk and poses a severe challenge in maintaining a polio-free status in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of VDPV identified in the Henan province of China. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining a high-level vaccination rate and highly sensitive AFP case surveillance system in intercepting VDPV transmission.
Comprehensive analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and its correlation with immune infiltration in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Li Yuting , Zhang Na , Zhou Jianhong , Ye Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: CDK6, a member of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) family, is known as a classic cell cycle regulating kinases and plays an important role in promoting cancer initiation as well as progression. However, how CDK6 affects the immune system and the prognosis of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma(UCEC) remains to be determined. Methods: TIMER, UALCAN, TCGA, HPA, LinkedOmics, STRING, cBio-Portal and COSMIC were used to analyze the expression and mutation of CDK6 in patients with UCEC and its clinical value, and to explore the possible mechanism of CDK6 in the occurrence and development of UCEC through the biological functional analysis and immune infiltration.Results: Our results suggested that the overall expression level of CDK6 in UCEC was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues. Inversely, the CDK6 level in the intermediate-/high-risk endometrial carcinoma group was significantly higher than patients in the low-risk group. Subgroup analysis showed that the serous histological type, grade 3, and stage III had significantly higher CDK6 levels. The result of promoter methylation analysis served as a good explanation of the above conclusion. What’s more, patients with high CDK6 expression had a poorer prognosis compared with those patients with low CDK6 expression using the ULCAN and Kaplan–Meier plotter data analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the Gene Co-Expression Network of CDK6 was mainly involved in extracellular structure organization and focal adhesion. PPI analysis validated that CDK6 was controlled by the Cip/Kip family and the INK4 family. Importantly, we found that CDK6 was significantly correlated with most of the immune markers of different T cells in UCEC, which suggested that CDK6 plays an important role in regulating UCEC tumor immunity and is probably involved in the T cell immune response. In addition, M1, M2 macrophage, TAM, Monocyte, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cell were also verified to correlate with CDK6 significantly. Conclusions: CDK6 plays an important role in endometrial carcinoma progression and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and novel risk stratification target for endometrial carcinoma.
Association between living arrangements and cognitive decline in older adults: a nationally representative longitudinal study in China
Authors: Yu Yifan , Lv Junqi , Liu Jing , Chen Yueqiao , Chen Kejin , Yang Yanfang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Living arrangements are critical for the survival and well-being of older people, especially in China, filial piety culture demands adult children should care for and serve their parents. The study aimed to explore the association between living arrangements and cognitive decline among older people in China. Methods: Participants included 6,074 older adults over 60 years old (49.65% male, mean age 67.2 years [range 60–98]) from four waves (2011-2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Two to four assessments were conducted over a follow-up of an average of 5.3 years (range, 2–7). Cognitive function was evaluated in three dimensions: mental status, episodic memory and visuo-construction. Living arrangements were classified as follows: living alone, living with spouse, living with adult children, living with spouse and adult children and living with others. Multilevel models were used to investigate the relationship between living arrangements and cognitive decline, as well as the gender difference. Results: As the main type of living arrangements of the study participants (44.91%), living with spouse was taken as the reference group. Compared to the reference group, living alone (β=-0.126, P<0.001), living with adult children (β=-0.136, P<0.001), living with spouse and adult children (β=-0.040, P<0.05) and living with others (β=-0.155, P<0.05) were all related to a faster rate of cognitive decline. Further, the association between living arrangements and cognitive decline varied by gender. Living alone (β=-0.192, P<0.001) was associated with a faster cognitive decline only in older men. Living with spouse and adult children (β=-0.053, P<0.05) and living with others (β=-0.179, P<0.05) were associated with faster cognitive decline only in older women. Conclusions: This study suggests that living arrangements in older people in China were associated with cognitive decline, and these associations varied by gender. Greater attention to living arrangements might yield practical implications for preserving the cognitive function of the older population.
Kidney dysfunction: prevalence and associated risk factors in a community-based study from the North West Province of South Africa
Authors: Navise Nonkululeko Hellen , Mokwatsi Gontse Gratitude , Gafane-Matemane Lebo Francine , Fabian June , Lammertyn Leandi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is in the top 10 leading causes of mortality globally. In South Africa where non-communicable diseases are the main cause of mortality the true prevalence of CKD is unknown, and its associated risk factors remain understudied in the general population. In this study we investigate the prevalence and identify the main risk factors involved in kidney dysfunction that will be helpful in guiding health care professionals in the planning of intervention studies.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 1999 participants older than 30 years. Kidney dysfunction was defined as (i) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 ml/min/1.73m2, or (ii) urine albuminuria-to-creatinine ration (uACR) ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol, or a combination (i and ii). The risk factors included are age, sex, locality, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), Lipids, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), C-reactive protein (CRP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), tobacco use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Results
The mean age of all participants was 48.0 (42.0;56.0) years, and 656/1999 (33%) had kidney dysfunction. Those with kidney dysfunction were older, majority women, had higher measures of adiposity, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP, higher lipids as well as higher CRP (all p ≤ 0.024). In multiple regression analyses, eGFR was associated with systolic BP (β = 0.11) and HIV (β=-0.09), while albuminuria was associated with elevated CRP (β = 0.12) and HIV infection (β = 0.11) (all p < 0.026). In both groups (individuals with and without kidney dysfunction) eGFR associated with age (β=-0.29, β=-0.49, respectively), male sex (β = 0.35, β0.28, respectively), body mass index (BMI) (β=-0.12, β=-0.09, respectively), low density lipoprotein cholesterol/ high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (β=-0.17, β=-0.09, respectively) and CRP (β = 0.10, β = 0.09, respectively) (all p < 0.005); while uACR associated with female sex (β = 0.10, β=-0.14, respectively), urban locality (β=-0.11, β=-0.08, respectively), BMI (β=-0.11, β-0.11, respectively), and systolic BP (β = 0.27, β = 0.14) (all p < 0.017).
Conclusions
In this relatively young population kidney dysfunction prevalence is high. When compared to individuals without kidney dysfunction intervention strategies should be focussed on controlling blood pressure, inflammation, and HIV.
The limited potential of urban greenspace for nature-based offsetting of institutional carbon emissions
Authors: Wang Jiaqian , Manning David A.C. , Werner David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Urban greenspace can potentially contribute to ambitious climate action plans declared by city institutions and councils. We measured soil carbon at 42 sampling locations across three land-covers and vegetation carbon of 490 trees (67 species) over the city campus of Newcastle University. Soil carbon varied with pH and land-cover classes (lawned with some free-standing trees, woodland park, sports fields), and tree cover significantly enhanced soil carbon storage. Soil carbon storage from 0–30 cm depth averaged 18.85 kg·m− 2, more than double the tree carbon storage (average 7.66 kg·m− 2) estimated using biomass empirical equations. The carbon stock from 95 Large-Leaved Lime (Tilia platyphyllos, 40,721 kg) and 54 Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus, 40,238 kg) was similar. These two species together accounted for the largest percentage of carbon stock from all trees on campus (18% each). According to our scenarios, if all currently available urban greenspace were converted to woodland this would offset only 1% of annual greenhouse gas emissions of Newcastle University or, if implemented more widely, of Newcastle city overall. While urban woodland brings benefits beyond carbon storage, the limit to what can be achieved with the available urban greenspace emphasises the need to first reduce city emissions substantially. In exchange for helping cities with carbon abatement, their surrounding rural regions could improve their infrastructural provisions with the carbon offsetting payments. Overall, a carbon-friendly land management strategy should be developed with full consideration of the collaboration between urban and surrounding rural areas, particularly placing a high value on soil and tree carbon.
The use of ultrasound (UAE) and microwaves (MAE) to improve the extraction of pharmaceutically active materials from the fruit of the prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica)
Authors: Badawy Esraa , Vinatoru Mircea , Calinescu Ioan , Shams Khaled , Abel-Azim Nahla , Fahmi Abdelgawad , Abdul-Rahman Mariam , Abd-Rabou Ahmed , Hamed Ahmed , Mahmoud Khaled , Mason Timothy , Saleh Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Conventional extraction methods have many limitations and drawbacks, including, prolonged extraction time, present safety concern and environmental risks, with low quality extracts. We report the use of ultrasonic (UAE) and microwave (MAE) assisted technologies as techniques for improving the extraction of pharmaceutically active materials from Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) a species of prickly pear.
Results
The pulp and peel of the plant fruit were used and the total phenolic and flavonoid content were evaluated. Antioxidant assay (DPPH), was employed to prescreen different extracts. The Hepa1c1c7 model was used for testing the induction of chemopreventive marker protein NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was performed on RAW 264.7 macrophage model induced for nitric oxide (NO) release in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. In vivo study included testing the therapeutic potential of some extracts on carrageenan induced paw edema in adult rats. Our data showed that fruit peels had the highest contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of OFI extracted using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) at 800 W power for 5 min extraction time (EXM1) with a percentage increase of 74.1% and 115.3% respectively, when compared to conventional maceration. The fruit pulp showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content using MAE at 400 W power for 15 min extraction time (EXM2) with a percentage increase of 55.4% and 105.8% respectively, when compared to conventional maceration. DPPH prescreen revealed the potency of the EXM1 among other tested extracts, recording EC50 148 µg/ml. Although in vitro chemopreventive as anti-inflammatory model revealed no activity on (NQO1) induction of EXM1, the in vivo model gave positive results. Edema size reduction percentage of EXM1 was 104% after 4 hours. Anti-inflammatory markers indicated that EXM1 inhibited COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 more significantly than indomethacin and conventional extraction methods, while inhibition levels of NO and MDA in case of EXM2 extract were more significantly than other extraction methods. Moreover, extracts obtained using MAE showed a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD) than those obtained using conventional method.
Conclusions
The data obtained further confirming the beneficial value of MAE and UAE technologies for extraction of the active material of (OFI).
Geochemical Characteristics and Simulation of Hydrocarbon Generation and Expulsion of Main Hydrocarbon Source Rocks of the Mesozoic strata in Hari sag, North of Yingen- Ejinaqi Basin
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Li Yun , Gong Hujun , Shen Weibing , Li Erhu , Chao L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we took samples from the Mesozoic Lower Cretaceous Yingen Formation, Suhongtu Formation, Bayingebi Formation and Permian source rocks in Well YH7 and Well YH8 in Hari Sag to study the geochemical features and compared the results with early research results; Samples of the second hydrocarbon source rocks in the Yingen Formation and the Bayingebi Formation were selected for thermal simulation experiments to study the secondary hydrocarbon generation potential. By analyzing and comparing the geochemical features of the source rocks, it is found that the Mesozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in the Hari Sag are mainly deposited in a reducing environment, and some are in a weakly oxidizing-weakly reducing environment. K1y is the best II2 immature-low mature hydrocarbon source rock, K1s is the non-hydrocarbon- best II1-II2 mature hydrocarbon source rock, K1b3 is the non-hydrocarbon- good II2-III mature hydrocarbon source rock, K1b2 is the medium- best II1-III low mature- mature hydrocarbon source rock, K1b1 is the non-hydrocarbon- best Ⅱ2-Ⅲ mature- high mature hydrocarbon source rock, and P is the best III over mature hydrocarbon source rock. By the thermal simulation experiments on the secondary hydrocarbon source rock of the Yingen Formation and the Bayingebi Formation, it is found that the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of the Mesozoic source rock samples in the Hari Sag can be roughly divided into four stages: low mature stage (0.5% < Ro < 0.7%, simulation temperature is 250 ℃ - 300 ℃), early rapid oil generation and expulsion stage (0.7% < Ro < 1.3%, simulation temperature is 300 ℃ - 400 ℃), mid-term oil cracking gas stage (1.3% < Ro < 2.0%, simulation temperature is 400 ℃ - 500 ℃), and late major gas generation stage (Ro ＞ 2.0%), simulation temperature is 500 ℃ - 550 ℃). The K1b2 hydrocarbon source rock in the late first stage and early second stage has much larger exploration potential than K1y in the first stage.
Sleep characteristics modify the associations of physical activity during pregnancy and gestational weight gain
Authors: Hawkins Marquis Samuel , Conlon Rachel P. Kolko , Donofry Shannon , Buysse Daniel J. , Venditti Elizabeth M. , Cheng Yu , Levine Michele D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Excessive gestational weight gain (eGWG) is associated with adverse long-term maternal outcomes. Most lifestyle interventions that incorporate physical activity have been ineffective at reducing eGWG. The purpose of this study is to determine if sleep modified the relationships between physical activity change from the 2nd to 3rd trimester and the odds of excessive gestational weight gain (eGWG). Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study of pregnant birthing people with overweight or obesity (n = 105). We estimated physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and sleep characteristics (i.e., sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, sleep efficiency, sleep duration) in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy with validated measures. We used regression models with sleep and PAEE change (increase/stable vs. decrease) interaction terms to examine the impact of sleep on PAEE change and eGWG. Results: Mean GWG was 37.02±16.76 lbs. and 80% of participants experienced eGWG. 18% of participants increased their PAEE from the 2nd to the 3rd trimester. Increasing (vs. decreasing) PAEE was associated with lower log-odds of eGWG only among participants that slept at least 8 hours/night (p=0.06), had at least 85% sleep efficiency (p=0.03), or reported less daytime dysfunction (p=0.08). Sleep quality did not moderate the association between PAEE change and eGWG. Conclusions: Weight management interventions in pregnancy should consider screening for and addressing poor sleep in the second trimester.