bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of magnetic multipoles in the X-ray binary pulsars Her X-1 and A 0535+26
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M , Laycock Silas G T , Kazanas Demosthenes , Contopoulos Ioannis 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe X-ray binaries (XRBs) Her X-1 and A 0535+26 have been extensively studied over the years during outbursts and in deep quiescence. Cyclotron resonance scattering features (CRSFs) have been observed in absorption correlating with X-ray luminosities, though recently, an anticorrelation was seen in the 2020 giant outburst of A 0535+26 at higher luminosities. These types of behaviour have been observed in several other XRBs, yet there are sources showing extended periods of no correlation at all. Such aperiodic changes and periods of no change in CRSFs can be explained by changes in the surface magnetic fields of the X-ray pulsars. In particular, we show here that CRSF variations occur in Her X-1 and A 0535+26 due to corresponding changes in the strong nondipolar components of their surface magnetic fields, while the magnetic dipoles reaching out to the accretion discs remain largely unchanged.
Large-amplitude periodic outbursts and long-period variables in the VVV VIRAC2-β data base
Authors: Guo Zhen , Lucas P W , Smith L C , Clarke C , Contreras Peña C , Bayo A , Briceño C , Elias J , Kurtev R G , Borissova J , Alonso-García J , Minniti D , Catelan M , Nikzat F , Morris C , Miller N 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey obtained near-infrared photometry towards the Galactic bulge and the southern disc plane for a decade (2010–2019). We designed a modified Lomb–Scargle method to search for large-amplitude ($\Delta K_{s, 2-98{{\ \rm per\ cent}}}$ &gt; 1.5 mag) mid to long-term periodic variables (P&gt; 10 d) in the 2nd version of VVV Infrared Astrometric Catalogue (VIRAC2-β). In total, 1520 periodic sources were discovered, including 59 candidate periodic outbursting young stellar objects (YSOs), based on the unique morphology of the phase-folded light curves, proximity to Galactic H ii regions and mid-infrared colours. Five sources are spectroscopically confirmed as accreting YSOs. Both fast-rise/slow-decay and slow-rise/fast-decay periodic outbursts were found, but fast-rise/slow-decay outbursts predominate at the highest amplitudes. The multiwavelength colour variations are consistent with a variable mass accretion process, as opposed to variable extinction. The cycles are likely to be caused by dynamical perturbations from stellar or planetary companions within the circumstellar disc. An additional search for periodic variability amongst YSO candidates in published Spitzer-based catalogues yielded a further 71 candidate periodic accretors, mostly with lower amplitudes. These resemble cases of pulsed accretion but with unusually long periods and greater regularity. The majority of other long-period variables are pulsating dusty Miras with smooth and symmetric light curves. We find that some Miras have redder W3 − W4 colours than previously thought, most likely due to their surface chemical compositions.
Confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfections After a Second Wave With Predominance of Lambda in Lima and Callao, Peru
Authors: Pampa-Espinoza Luis , Padilla-Rojas Carlos , Silva-Valencia Javier , Jimenez-Vasquez Victor , Silva Iris , Mestanza Orson , Lope Pari Priscila , Cáceres Omar , Bailón-Calderón Henry , Bárcena-Flores Luis , Galarza Marco , García Mendoza María , Gavilán Ronnie , Rojas Serrano Nancy , Palomino Rodriguez Miryam , Huaringa Maribel , Rios Monteza Pamela , Ordoñez Luis , Fernandez-Navarro Manuel , Vargas-Herrera Natalia , Solari Lely 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a major public health problem in the world and reinfections are becoming more frequent. Our main objective was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and genomic characteristics of the confirmed cases of reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the capital of Lima and Callao, Peru.

Methods
We searched in the Peruvian laboratory information system from April 2020 up to May 2021, looking for cases having 2 positive molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 with more than 90 days between them. We performed genomic sequencing to the available pairs of samples and described the clinical characteristics, epidemiological impact, and genomic analysis of the confirmed reinfections.

Results
There were 1 694 164 people with a positive diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 in Lima/Callao during the study period. Of these, 1695 had 2 positive molecular tests with more than 90 days between them. Two hundred eleven had both samples available for genomic analysis according to our selection criteria, and these were retrieved and submitted to sequencing. Thirty cases were confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with 2 different lineages in the 2 episodes. The variant Lambda (C.37) was the most common during the second infection and accounted for 19 (63.3%) of the 30 cases.

Conclusions
We report 30 cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. The Lambda variant was the most common cause of the second infections, in concordance with its predominant circulation during Peru’s second wave. This report describes the largest series of confirmed reinfections by SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America.
We describe the epidemiological, clinical, and genomic characteristics of the confirmed cases of reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Lima and Callao, durante la segunda ola en Peru. The Lambda variant (C.37) was the most common cause of the second infections.
The Role of Syn-Extensional Lamprophyre Magmatism in Crustal Dynamics—the Case of the Menderes Metamorphic Core Complex, Western Turkey
Authors: Fischer Sebastian , Prelević Dejan , Akal Cüneyt , Romer Rolf L , Gerdes Axel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Menderes Massif in Turkey represents one of the largest metamorphic core complexes in the world. It is regarded as a section of lower continental crust exhumed along low-angle detachment faults in the Late Miocene during a period of extension that affected the entire Aegean province. Syn-extensional magmatic activity within the Menderes metamorphic core complex is predominantly felsic forming several plutons, whereas mantle-derived magmatism has not been known so far. Here, we present a detailed study of the petrology and geochemistry of previously unreported mafic to intermediate lamprophyres within the Menderes Massif and assess their role in the geodynamic evolution of the core complex. The Menderes lamprophyres are mostly kersantites, with 49–60 wt % SiO2, 3.2–8.4 wt % MgO, 100–360 ppm Cr, 32–132 ppm Ni and Mg# of 37–50. Positive Pb and negative Ti–Nb–Ta anomalies suggest a clear orogenic affinity. Isotopes of Sr and Pb are relatively radiogenic (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70609–0.71076; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.88–19.03, 207Pb/204Pb &gt; 15.71), while Nd is unradiogenic (εNd =  −1.4 to −3.2). Most phenocrysts are sharply zoned with a primitive core (Mg# 77–85, up to 0.95 wt % Cr2O3 in clinopyroxene; Mg# 72–76 in amphibole) and a more evolved rim (Mg# 68–74, &lt;0.25 wt % Cr2O3 in clinopyroxene; Mg# 69–71 in amphibole). Trace element ratios between different cores may vary significantly (e.g. Dy/Yb 2–5 in amphiboles), whereas rims show less variation but are more enriched than the cores. U–Pb dating of zircons provides an age of 15 Ma for the lamprophyres, coeval with the syn-extensional granite magmatism. The Hf isotopic composition of magmatic zircons is variably unradiogenic (176Hf/177Hf15Ma = 0.28248–0.28253, εHf15Ma = −8.6 to −10.5), while zircon xenocrysts with dominantly Cadomian and older ages show highly variable Hf isotopic signatures at the time of lamprophyre emplacement (εHf15Ma = −7.6 to −46.7). The orogenic geochemical signature of the lamprophyres’ parental melts is similar to nearby orogenic lavas from the West Anatolian Volcanic Province. Variation in bulk-rock εNd and in Dy/Yb ratios of phenocryst cores reflect moderate mantle heterogeneity. The chemical heterogeneity of phenocrysts and zircon εHf values implies intense hybridisation of proto-lamprophyre melts with felsic crustal melts, most probably derived from the melting of augen gneisses of the Menderes basement. We propose that fluid released from the lamprophyre primary melt had a decisive impact on crustal melting and the formation of granitic plutons within the Menderes core complex.
Systems approaches reveal that ABCB and PIN proteins mediate co-dependent auxin efflux
Authors: Mellor Nathan L , Voß Ute , Ware Alexander , Janes George , Barrack Duncan , Bishopp Anthony , Bennett Malcolm J , Geisler Markus , Wells Darren M , Band Leah R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Members of the B family of membrane-bound ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent key components of the auxin efflux machinery in plants. Over the last two decades, experimental studies have shown that modifying ATP-binding cassette sub-family B (ABCB) expression affects auxin distribution and plant phenotypes. However, precisely how ABCB proteins transport auxin in conjunction with the more widely studied family of PIN-formed (PIN) auxin efflux transporters is unclear, and studies using heterologous systems have produced conflicting results. Here, we integrate ABCB localization data into a multicellular model of auxin transport in the Arabidopsis thaliana root tip to predict how ABCB-mediated auxin transport impacts organ-scale auxin distribution. We use our model to test five potential ABCB–PIN regulatory interactions, simulating the auxin dynamics for each interaction and quantitatively comparing the predictions with experimental images of the DII-VENUS auxin reporter in wild-type and abcb single and double loss-of-function mutants. Only specific ABCB–PIN regulatory interactions result in predictions that recreate the experimentally observed DII-VENUS distributions and long-distance auxin transport. Our results suggest that ABCBs enable auxin efflux independently of PINs; however, PIN-mediated auxin efflux is predominantly through a co-dependent efflux where co-localized with ABCBs.
Two-dimensional resistive-wall impedance with finite thickness: Its mathematical structures and their physical meanings
Authors: Shobuda Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When the skin depth is greater than the chamber thickness for relativistic beams, the two-dimensional longitudinal resistive-wall impedance of a cylindrical chamber with a finite thickness decreases proportionally to the frequency. The phenomenon is commonly interpreted as electromagnetic fields leaking out of the chamber over a frequency range. However, the relationship between the wall current on the chamber and the leakage fields from the chamber is unclear because the naive resistive-wall impedance formula does not dynamically express how the wall current converts to the leakage fields when the skin depth exceeds the chamber thickness. A prestigious textbook[1] re-expressed the resistive-wall impedance via a parallel circuit model with the resistive-wall and inductive terms to provide a dynamic picture of the phenomenon. However, there are some flaws in the formula. This study highlights them from a fundamental standpoint, and provides a more appropriate and rigorous picture of the longitudinal resistive-wall impedance with finite thickness. To demonstrate their physical meaning, we re-express the longitudinal impedance for non-relativistic beams, as well as the transverse resistive-wall impedance including space charge impedance based on a parallel circuit model.
Psychometric properties of outcome measurement instruments for ANCA-associated vasculitis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Berti Alvise , Boleto Gonçalo , Merkel Peter A , Tómasson Gunnar , Monti Sara , Quinn Kaitlin A , Hassett Leslie C , Carmona Loreto , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To systematically review the psychometric properties of outcome measurement instruments used in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods
Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to 14 July 2020 for validation studies of instruments used in AAV. Following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and OMERACT frameworks, different psychometric properties (validity, reliability, responsiveness and feasibility) were summarized. Risk of bias was assessed according to the COSMIN checklist.

Results
From 2505 articles identified, 32 met the predefined selection criteria, providing information on 22 instruments assessing disease activity (n = 7), damage (n = 2), activity and damage (n = 1), health-related quality of life (HRQoL; n = 9) and function (n = 3). Most of the instruments were tested in AAV as a group or in granulomatosis with polyangiitis only.
The BVAS, any version, the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) and the AAV-Patient-Reported Outcome (AAV-PRO) have been more extensively validated than the other instruments. BVAS for Wegener Granulomatosis (BVAS/WG) has been shown to be valid for measuring disease activity [correlation with Physician global assessment (r = 0.90)], reliability (inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97), responsiveness and feasibility. For damage, VDI was shown to be moderately valid (correlations with BVAS version 3 at 6 months r = 0.14, BVAS/WG at 1 year r = 0.40 and 5 years r = 0.20), and feasible. For HRQoL, AAV-PRO demonstrated validity (correlations of the six AAV-PRO domains with EQ-5D-5L: −0.78 to −0.55; discrimination between active disease and remission, P &lt; 0.0001 for all comparisons). The overall performance of instruments assessing function was low-to-moderate.

Conclusion
Among the 22 outcome measurement instruments used for AAV, BVAS (any version), VDI and AAV-PRO had the strongest psychometric properties.
We Get by With a Little Help From Our PEERS: The Practice Enhancement, Engagement, Resilience, and Support Program for Building Community and Well-Being in Medical Education
Authors: Feingold Jordyn H. , Kaplan Carly A. , Hart Anne , Waldman Rachel , Kronman Hope , Brody Jason , Hargrove Jacqueline , Hurtado Alicia , Simon Asher B. 
Published: March 2022

Problem
Physician distress is a growing national problem that begins in medical school. Solutions that teach well-being concepts and coping skills during medical school and throughout medical training are needed.

Approach
The Practice Enhancement, Engagement, Resilience, and Support (PEERS) program was designed at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) in 2017 as a longitudinal program for medical students to process challenges and learn evidence-based coping strategies in a supportive group setting. The curriculum comprises 10 small-group sessions incorporating principles of mindfulness, positive psychology, cognitive behavioral therapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy. Students remain with the same group of approximately 8 students throughout the PEERS program, which spans all 4 years of medical school. As an established part of the core medical school curriculum, PEERS centers physician well-being as an essential clinical skill for providing sustainable, high-quality patient care.

Outcomes
Now in its fourth year, PEERS is recognized as an effective, sustainable intervention to support trainee well-being. Cross-sectional survey data collected in 2020 reveal that PEERS has effectively established a space for emotional support and community building among peers and mentors. The program has successfully garnered institutional and administrative support, including protected curricular time and dedicated faculty leadership.

Next Steps
PEERS continues to evolve, incorporating feedback in real time to reflect the changing landscape of medical education, particularly in the era of remote learning. Given the demand for well-being initiatives throughout the Mount Sinai Health System, PEERS programming is being adapted and implemented across various residency, fellowship, and graduate school programs at ISMMS with the support of Mount Sinai’s Office of Well-Being and Resilience and the Office of Graduate Medical Education. The PEERS program offers an evidence-based, trainee-led model that can be flexibly implemented at medical training programs across the country to support trainee well-being.
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Graber Elise Alves , Puchalski Amy , Magill Christyn , Reynolds Stacy 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
Data from the 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health revealed that 39.8% of children in the United States have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which are risk factors for long-term negative health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ACE exposure in a pediatric emergency department (ED) patients and describe the association between ACE exposure and ED recidivism.

Methods
Five hundred children aged 0 to 17 years were evaluated for ACE exposure in an academic, urban, tertiary-care, pediatric ED via convenience sampling. The 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health section on ACEs was administered to define ACE exposure. A prospective chart review was conducted on all children enrolled in the study to collect data on ED utilization for 1-year postsurvey. The relationship between ACE exposure and ED recidivism was examined by calculating relative risk.

Results
We found that 40.2% (confidence interval [CI], 36.5%–45.3%) of respondents had ACE exposure. The most frequently reported ACEs were poverty (20.8%; CI, 17.3%–24.6%), divorce/separation (18.2%; CI, 14.9%–21.9%), and mental illness within the household (7.2%; CI, 5.1%–9.8%). Adverse childhood experience exposure in this pediatric ED was similar to the national prevalence. There was no significant relationship between ACE exposure and high ED recidivism as an adverse outcome.

Conclusions
Adverse childhood experience exposure in this population matched the prevalence reported in the national population. Our results suggest that this group is particularly important when mitigating these risk factors for long-term adverse health outcomes. Adverse childhood experience exposure did not appear to impact recidivism in a period of unprecedented low ED volumes during the coronavirus disease pandemic.
Process Management of Intussusception in Children
Authors: Sun Zhihuan , Song Guoxin , Lian Dandan , Zhang Qingsong , Dong Lei 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
This was a retrospective analysis of the epidemiological features of pediatric intussusception, the effects of different management strategies and the factors affecting successful reduction.

Methods
Using our hospital database, data on pediatric intussusception from January 2019 to December 2020 were extracted for analysis, including demographic data, size of intussusception, treatment method, and effects.

Results
The number of children diagnosed with intussusception was 726 (782 episodes). In all, 394 (54.27%) of these children were male. The male to female ratio was 1.19:1. The peak of the onset age was between 3 and 4 years. In the single intussusception group, the successful reduction rate of cleansing enemas was 65.25%, that of air enemas was 95.80%, and that of B-ultrasound–guided hydrostatic enemas (B-USGHEs) was 96.04%. In the multiple intussusceptions group, the successful reduction rate of cleansing enemas was 43.9%, air enemas were 75%, and B-USGHE was 57.6%. There were no significant differences between the air enema and B-USGHE groups. The diameter and length were related factors influencing successful reduction (P ≤ 0.05). Fifty-three (7.53%) children had recurrent intussusception within 4 years, and all of them were following successful enemas. Thirty-one (3.40%) episodes were found to have spontaneously reduced. Five patients (0.7%) underwent surgery after the failure of air enemas or B-USGHE.

Conclusions
Pediatric intussusception in our region showed a sex ratio difference and age difference of onset. For single intussusceptions and multiple intussusceptions, the successful reduction rate of cleansing enemas means that some children may avoid radiation exposure. The diameter and length of intussusception were related factors influencing successful reduction in cleansing enema. There were no significant differences in successful reduction between air enemas and B-USGHE. Most recurrent intussusceptions can still be reduced, avoiding surgery.
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Sinonasal Cavity: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics With Readout-Segmented Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Features
Authors: Duan Fei , Wang Peng , Qi Meng , Wang Yuzhe , Guo Linying , Xiao Zebin , Zhan Yang , Yao Zhenwei , Tang Zuohua 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
To determine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE-DWI) and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) features of sinonasal extramedullary plasmacytoma (SN-EMP).

Methods
The MRI and/or DECT of 10 patients with SN-EMP confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of RESOLVE-DWI were analyzed in 9 patients. The quantitative parameters derived from DECT, including the iodine concentration (IC), effective atomic number, and the slope (k) of spectral attenuation curve, were measured in 3 patients.

Results
On conventional MRI, typical lesions were well defined (7 of 9), and isointense to the brain on both T1WI and T2WI (9 of 9). Most lesions presented with marked enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1WI without significant necrosis (8 of 9). Notably, multiple flow-void signals were observed in all lesions (9 of 9). On RESOLVE-DWI, the average ADC value was 0.55 × 10−3 mm2/s, and the normalized ADC value was 0.66 ± 0.04. On DECT, the average values of IC, effective atomic number, and slope (k) was 2.7 mg/mL, 8.62, and 3.8, respectively.

Conclusions
Some typical MRI features (well-defined mass, isointensity to the brain, marked enhancement without obvious cystic changes, multiple flow voids, and a lower ADC value) strongly suggest the diagnosis of SN-EMP. The quantitative parameters derived from RESOLVE-DWI and DECT may provide more information for the diagnosis of SN-EMP.