bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-33 deficiency prevents biliary injuries and repairments caused by Clonorchis sinensis via restraining type 2 cytokines
Authors: Yan Chao , Xu Na , Liu Man , Jiang Zhihua , Wu Jing , Koda Stephane , Chen Yu , Zhang Beibei , Yu Qian , Xu Yin-Hai , Wu Jian-Lin , Zheng Kui-Yang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Clonorchiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic parasitic disease characterized by cholangitis, biliary proliferation, biliary fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Our previous study showed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-33 is increased in both humans and mice infected by C. sinensis, suggesting that IL-33 is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis. However, the roles and potential mechanism of IL-33 underlying remain unknown.

Methods
Wild-type (WT) and IL-33 knockout (KO) mice (BALB/c female mice) were orally infected with 45 metacercariae of C. sinensis for 8 weeks. Biliary injuries and fibrosis were extensively evaluated. Hepatic type II cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10) were detected by ELISA.

Results
For wild-type mice, we found that the mice infected with C. sinensis showed severe biliary injuries and fibrosis compared with the normal mice that were free from worm infection. In addition, the levels of type II cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10 in infected wild-type mice were significantly higher than in the control mice without infection (P < 0.05). However, IL-33 deficiency (IL-33 KO) prevents the augmentation of biliary injuries and fibrosis caused by C. sinensis infection. Furthermore, the increased levels of these type II cytokines induced by worm infection were also reversed in IL-33 KO mice.

Conclusion
Our present study demonstrates that IL-33 contributes to the pathogenesis of C. sinensis-induced biliary injuries and repair, which can potentially orchestrate type 2 responses. These findings highlight the pathophysiological role of IL-33 in the progression of clonorchiasis.
Linear and conformational determinants of visceral leishmaniasis diagnostic antigens rK28 and rK39
Authors: Simonson Poppy , Bhattacharyya Tapan , El-Safi Sayda , Miles Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Recombinant antigens rK39 (based on kinesin sequence) and rK28 (comprising kinesin and HASPB sequences) are a mainstay of serological diagnosis for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, their key epitopes and the significance of their structural conformation are not clearly defined, particularly in relation to reported cross-reactivity with sera from patients with malaria, schistosomiasis, and tuberculosis.

Methods
To assess the effect of conformation on antigenicity with Sudanese VL sera, antigens rK39 and rK28 were heat-denatured at 95 °C for 10 min and then assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Amino acid sequences of rK39 and rK28 were submitted to NCBI BLASTp to assess homology with Plasmodium, Schistosoma, and Mycobacterium.

Results
Heat denaturation significantly diminished the antigenicity of rK39 compared to non-denatured antigen (P = 0.001), but not for rK28 (P = 0.275). In BLASTp searches, HASPB sequences from rK28 had similarities with sequences from Plasmodium, encompassing software-predicted B-cell epitopes.

Conclusions
The antigenicity of rK39 appears to be dependent on structural conformation, whereas that of rK28 depends on linear sequence. HASPB sequence homology with Plasmodium may be responsible for the reported cross-reactivity of rK28 with malaria sera. Further work is warranted to refine the specificity of these antigens.

Graphical Abstract
A unique eukaryotic lineage of composite-like DNA transposons encoding a DDD/E transposase and a His-Me finger homing endonuclease
Authors: Kojima Kenji K. , Bao Weidong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
DNA transposons are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic genomes. A major group of them encode a DDD/E transposase and contain terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of varying lengths. The Kolobok superfamily of DNA transposons has been found in a wide spectrum of organisms.

Results
Here we report a new Kolobok lineage, designated KolobokP. They were identified in 7 animal phyla (Mollusca, Phoronida, Annelida, Nemertea, Bryozoa, Chordata, and Echinodermata), and are especially rich in bivalves. Unlike other Kolobok families, KolobokP adopts a composite-like architecture: an internal region (INT) flanked by two long terminal direct repeats (LTDRs), which exhibit their own short terminal inverted repeats ranging up to 18 bps. The excision of LTDRs was strongly suggested. The LTDR lengths seem to be constrained to be either around 450-bp or around 660-bp. The internal region encodes a DDD/E transposase and a small His-Me finger nuclease, which likely originated from the homing endonuclease encoded by a group I intron from a eukaryotic species. The architecture of KolobokP resembles composite DNA transposons, usually observed in bacterial genomes, and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. In addition to this monomeric LTDR-INT-LTDR structure, plenty of solo LTDRs and multimers represented as (LTDR-INT)n-LTDR are also observed. Our structural and phylogenetic analysis supported the birth of KolobokP in the late stage of the Kolobok evolution. We propose KolobokP families propagate themselves in two ways: the canonical transposition catalyzed by their transposase and the sequence-specific cleavage by their endonuclease followed by the multimerization through the unequal crossover.

Conclusions
The presence of homing endonuclease and long terminal direct repeats of KolobokP families suggest their unique dual replication mechanisms: transposition and induced unequal crossover.
Fractional order differential equations for chronic liver cirrhosis with frequent hospitalization
Authors: Dano Lemesa Bedjisa , Rao Koya Purnachandra , Keno Temesgen Duressa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Liver cirrhosis, which is considered as the terminal stage of liver diseases, has become life-threatening among non-communicable diseases in the world. Viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C) is the major risk factor for the development and progression of chronic liver cirrhosis. The asymptomatic stage of cirrhosis is considered as the compensated cirrhosis whereas the symptomatic stage is considered as decompensated cirrhosis. The latter stage is characterized by complex disorder affecting multiple systems of liver organ with frequent hospitalization. In this paper, we formulate system of fractional differential equations of chronic liver cirrhosis with frequent hospitalization to investigate the dynamics of the disease. The fundamental properties including the existence of positive solutions, positively invariant set, and biological feasibility are discussed. We used generalized mean value theorem to establish the existence of positive solutions. The Adams-type predictor-evaluate-corrector-evaluate approach is used to present the numerical scheme the fractional erder model.

Results
Using the numerical scheme, we simulate the solutions of the fractional order model. The numerical simulations are carried out using MATLAB software to illustrate the analytic findings. The analysis reveals that the number of decompensated cirrhosis individuals decreases when the progression rate and the disease’s past states are considered.
Strategies to improve the quality of wheat- flour- bread chain in Iran: the perspective of different stakeholders
Authors: Bazhan Marjan , Shafiei Sabet Farnam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
Bread constitutes a significant energy source and provides protein and some essential micronutrients to a large population worldwide, including Iran. So, its quality characteristics are important for health. This study aimed to identify the views and experiences of various stakeholders involved in the wheat- flour- bread chain about factors affecting the quality of this chain and strategies for its improvement in Iran.

Results
Main suggested strategies in the field of raw materials were managing and planning for the production of high-quality wheat, measuring the quality factors of grain before purchasing by the government, allocating wheat quotas to flour mills based on the quality of the flour produced, and aerating and storing flour in silos to reduce its moisture. Holding training courses for bakery workers, improving the economic situation of bakers, and standardizing bread-making devices were the most important strategies in the bakery field. Assigning a specific unified management apparatus to deal with bread issues was also an effective and essential strategy. Findings show the need to implement strategies in various fields to improve wheat- flour- bread chain quality. This study provides helpful information to guide policy decisions and planning to enhance bread quality and promote public health.
Comparison of [18F]-FDOPA PET and [123I]-FP-CIT SPECT acquired in clinical practice for assessing nigrostriatal degeneration in patients with a clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndrome
Authors: Wallert Elon , Letort Erwann , van der Zant Friso , Winogrodzka Ania , Berendse Henk , Beudel Martijn , de Bie Rob , Booij Jan , Raijmakers Pieter , van de Giessen Elsmarieke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Two commonly used imaging techniques to aid in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonian syndromes are dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with [123I]-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) and positron emission tomography with [18F]-FDOPA (FDOPA-PET). This paper provides a unique series of parkinsonian patients who received both FDOPA-PET and DAT-SPECT in routine clinical practice and compares the reported results to assess potential differences between these two imaging techniques.

Methods
We present 11 patients with a clinically uncertain parkinsonian syndrome (CUPS), who received both FDOPA-PET and DAT-SPECT. All patients received an FDOPA-PET scan and DAT-SPECT as part of routine clinical care.

Results
The median time between the F-DOPA-PET scan and DAT-SPECT scan was 6 months (range 0–15 months). There was a discrepancy in the reported results of the FDOPA-PET and DAT-SPECT scans in nine patients, including 7 patients whose FDOPA-PET scan was reportedly normal, whereas their DAT-SPECT scan was abnormal.

Conclusions
In this case series of CUPS patients, DAT-SPECT was more often rated as abnormal than FDOPA-PET. The striatal loss of FDOPA uptake can be less pronounced than that of DAT binding in CUPS patients in early disease stages. Consequently, the interpretation of FDOPA-PET scans in CUPS can sometimes be challenging in routine practice.
Risk of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease by wild animals: infection dynamics in Japanese wild boar following direct inoculation or contact exposure
Authors: Fukai Katsuhiko , Kawaguchi Rie , Nishi Tatsuya , Ikezawa Mitsutaka , Yamada Manabu , Seeyo Kingkarn Boonsuya , Morioka Kazuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnderstanding of disease dynamics and viral shedding in wild boar and of the potential for disease spreading within wild boar and domestic pig populations is critical for developing effective control and eradication measures for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Accordingly, we infected experimentally wild boar and domestic pigs with FMD virus (FMDV) strains O/TAI/315/2016 and A/MOG/2013, and studied their susceptibility and viral transmissibility in both populations. Similar to FMDV-infected pigs, wild boar inoculated with both viruses exhibited vesicular lesions on their feet, snout, tongue and lip, although they did not show lameness. Further, inoculated wild boar were equally capable of transmitting the virus to all of their contact animals. While all contact pigs developed vesicular lesions after contact with inoculated animals, in contrast, no wild boar when exposed to the same infected animals showed obvious clinical signs. These results will be useful for further understanding of the critical roles in occurring and sustaining an FMD outbreak, and will be useful for establishing epidemiological surveillance programs and effective countermeasures for wild boar.
Effects of exosomes derived from Trichinella spiralis infective larvae on intestinal epithelial barrier function
Authors: Wang Ruibiao , Zhang Yuheng , Zhen Jingbo , Zhang Jinpeng , Pang Zixuan , Song Xuewei , Lin Lihao , Sun Feng , Lu Yixin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMuscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis parasitize the host intestinal epithelium. The mechanisms of exosomes participating in the invasion of T. spiralis muscle larvae are unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of exosomes derived from T. spiralis infective larvae (TsExos) on the barrier function of porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). First, TsExos were successfully obtained, and their ingestion by epithelial cells was validated. Furthermore, the optimal induction condition was determined by the CCK8 kit, and we found that exposure to 150 μg/mL TsExos for 12/24 h decreased the viability of IPEC-J2 cells by 30%. Based on this outcome, the effects of TsExos on cell biological processes and tight junctions were studied. After coincubation of TsExos and IPEC-J2 cells, the results showed a significant increase in the content of FITC-dextran and in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The rate of apoptosis increased by 12.57%, and nuclear pyknosis and nuclear rupture were observed. After the cells were induced by TsExos, the expression of IL-1 was upregulated, but the expression of IL-10, TGF-β, TLR-5, MUC-1 and MUC-2 was downregulated. TsExo induction also led to a decrease in the levels of ZO-1, CLDN-3, and OCLN. In conclusion, TsExos are involved in several cellular biological processes, and they function by disrupting physiological and biochemical processes, hyperactivating innate immunity, and damaging tight junctions.
Adaptable waveform design for radar and jammer for multi-target using game theoretic strategies
Authors: Xin Fengming , Wang Yan , Sun Jiawen , Huang Yilin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the environment of electronic warfare, the countermeasure between radar and jammer has become a hot issue. Finding the solution to optimal waveforms between them is very great significance. Aiming at the problem of multi-target detection in clutter environment, the authors propose the waveform optimization method based on signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) criterion for radar and jammer, respectively. When radar is the dominant player, the maxmin strategy is used to establish the optimization model to optimize the radar transmission waveform. When jammer is the dominant player, the minmax strategy is used to establish the optimization model to optimize the jammer waveform. When dealing with random multi-target, the authors also propose an adaptive weight method to solve the problem of summation of weighted multiple targets. Then, an improved method combined with Jensen’s inequality for radar and jammer is proposed, respectively, which could improve the detection performance of the radar system and reduce the computational complexity of maximum SINR-based method. The simulation results show that the proposed maximum SINR-based methods could adaptively allocate the transmission energy to improve the performance of the radar. The energy allocation of radar and jammer is slightly different under maxmin strategy and minmax strategy. The proposed improved methods could output the higher SINR than the maximum SINR-based methods. Both of the proposed methods could improve the performance of radar detecting targets.
Classification of audio signals using spectrogram surfaces and extrinsic distortion measures
Authors: Levy Jeremy , Naitsat Alexander , Zeevi Yehoshua Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRepresentation of one-dimensional (1D) signals as surfaces and higher-dimensional manifolds reveals geometric structures that can enhance assessment of signal similarity and classification of large sets of signals. Motivated by this observation, we propose a novel robust algorithm for extraction of geometric features, by mapping the obtained geometric objects into a reference domain. This yields a set of highly descriptive features that are instrumental in feature engineering and in analysis of 1D signals. Two examples illustrate applications of our approach to well-structured audio signals: Lung sounds were chosen because of the interest in respiratory pathologies caused by the coronavirus and environmental conditions; accent detection was selected as a challenging speech analysis problem. Our approach outperformed baseline models under all measured metrics. It can be further extended by considering higher-dimensional distortion measures. We provide access to the code for those who are interested in other applications and different setups (Code:https://github.com/jeremy-levy/Classification-of-audio-signals-using-spectrogram-surfaces-and-extrinsic-distortion-measures).
Integrated sensing and communication in 6G: a prototype of high resolution multichannel THz sensing on portable device
Authors: Li Oupeng , He Jia , Zeng Kun , Yu Ziming , Du Xianfeng , Zhou Zhi , Liang Yuan , Wang Guangjian , Chen Yan , Zhu Peiying , Tong Wen , Lister David , Ibbetson Luke 
Published: October 2022

Abstract6G is believed to go beyond communication and provide integrated sensing and computing capabilities for a vision of Connected Intelligence with everything connected, everything sensed, and everything intelligent. Integrated sensing and communication will play a vital role for the fusion of physical and cyber worlds. The exploration of higher frequency bands, larger bandwidth, and more advanced large antenna technologies is paving the way towards the goal. In particular, the study of THz opens the possibility to have high resolution sensing and imaging capability on a communication mobile device. In this paper, we take a step along this direction and justify such possibility by building a THz sensing prototype with millimeter level imaging resolution while considering the physical aperture constraint of typical mobile device.
Network abnormal traffic detection method based on fusion of chord similarity and multiple loss encoder
Authors: Lv Xiang , Han Dezhi , Li Dun , Xiao Lijun , Chang Chin-Chen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFog computing, as a new distributed computing framework, extends the tasks originally done in the cloud data center to the edge of the network and brings more serious security challenges while providing convenience. Abnormal network traffic detection is an effective means to defense malicious behavior, can detect a variety of known attacks. Although the application of deep learning method in the field of network abnormal traffic detection is easier than traditional machine learning methods, there are still problems of poor recognition accuracy and false alarm rate. In this paper, we use the semi-supervised network anomaly detection model (NADLA) that combines the long-short-term memory neural network method and the self-encoder method to solve this problem. NADLA analyzes network traffic through the time characteristics and behavior characteristics of traffic, and optimizes the accuracy and false alarm rate of network traffic classification. In addition, we improved the preprocessing method to improve the sensitivity of the trained model to network abnormal traffic. The NADLA model is tested on NSL-KDD dataset, and the results show that the proposed model can improve the accuracy andF1-value of network anomaly traffic detection.
Development and validation of a drill attachment for faster and safer deployments of fin-mounted geolocators in large-bodied sharks
Authors: Heim Vital , Lüscher Daniel , Hottinger Jürgen , Ebert Dieter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFin-mounted geolocators are widely used in marine studies to track animal movements and to design informed management strategies. However, the deployment protocols of such geolocators, which normally consist of drilling one to multiple holes using a template, can be challenging, and depending on the animal’s stress physiology and ocean conditions, speed and accuracy may be crucial. Here, we present the plans for a drill attachment allowing the template-free drilling of up to four holes simultaneously for a faster, more accurate and safer deployment of fin-mounted geolocators. The drill attachment was successfully tested on four great and two scalloped hammerheads, Sphyrna mokarran and Sphyrna lewini, which were all tagged with 4-bolt Smart Position and Temperature (SPOT) tags. The time required to secure the geolocators, from drill alignment to the complete fastening of the last bolt, ranged from 68 to 85 s (78.2 ± 10.9 s, mean ± SD). The new drill attachment further allowed the successful tagging of a great hammerhead alongside a research vessel in rough seas that would have made the deployment using traditional protocols more challenging. Simultaneously drilling four holes reduces the need to keep the animal’s fin steady for an extended period of time and thus makes the deployment of fin-mounted geolocators less dependent on the animal’s behavior and the weather conditions. As such, the 4-hole drill attachment makes the mounting process faster and more reliable and should reduce the stress experienced by the animal.
Identification of promising alfalfa varieties in conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone (Republic of Bashkortostan): a study of economic and biological characteristics
Authors: Kuznetsov Igor , Asylbaev Ilgiz , Dmitriev Alexey , Nizaeva Asiya , Shakirzyanov Anvar 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage crops, but its seed productivity varies from year to year due to weather conditions. Alfalfa is a forage crop rich in nutrients which makes it valuable. The present 5-year study aimed to identify the promising alfalfa varieties based on their economic and biological characteristics, such as high seed productivity, a high yield of forage mass, good quality, and stress resistance.

Results
The study contributes information about the promising varieties of alfalfa characterized by high biomass and seed productivity. Varieties such as P-88044, U-73+149 and S-302 had stable seed/green mass yields regardless of climatic conditions; hence, they may be used for alfalfa selection in the southern forest-steppe regions of Bashkortostan.

Conclusions
The present findings can be used for alfalfa selection in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). In addition, the results will be of interest to crop breeders across the globe.
On the introduction of intelligent alerting systems to reduce e-learning dropout: a case study
Authors: Luis Ricardo M. Meira Ferrão , Llamas-Nistal Martin , Iglesias Manuel J. Fernández 
Published: October 2022

AbstractE-learning students have a tendency to get demotivated and easily dropout from online courses. Refining the learners’ involvement and reducing dropout rates in these e-learning based scenarios is the main drive of this study. This study also shares the results obtained and crafts a comparison with new and emerging commercial solutions. In a primary phase, the goal was to center the study and research made (background, state of the art, survey and interviews to uncover motives and behavior patterns). In an additional stage, the development, trails and validation of an operating prototype of an Intelligent Alerting System to grant and evaluate concepts, gather statistical data on its efficiency, explore and detect if course accomplishment rates did actually improve. The results measured the effectiveness of learning (accomplishment and dropout rates) before and after the application of the proposed solution. Finally, some related work is considered, as well as emerging commercial solutions are compared with the proposed solution.