bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co Anchored B36 Cluster as a Novel Single Atom Catalyst for Removing Toxic CO Molecules: A Mechanistic First‐Principles Study
Authors: Khan Adnan Ali , Ullah Rahmat , Esrafili Mehdi D. , Ahmad Rashid , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe catalytic oxidation of toxic carbon monoxide (CO) into carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most significant reactions in heterogeneous catalysis and industrial chemistry. Hence, finding efficient and cost‐effective catalysts for CO oxidation is very critical. In this study, the electronic and catalytic properties of a Co atom incorporated B36 cluster (Co@B36) are investigated by means of first‐principles calculations. The results show that the Co atom can seriously tune the properties of the B36 cluster due to significant hybridization between the 3d states of the Co atom and the B‐2p states of the surrounding B atoms. This induces a significant positive charge on the Co atom, providing an active site for O2 and CO molecules to attack. Furthermore, the well‐known mechanisms for CO oxidation, namely the Eley‐Rideal (ER), Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (LH), termolecular Eley‐Rideal (TER), and new Eley‐Rideal (NER), are taken into account in this work. According to our findings, the LH and TER mechanisms are the most energetically efficient routes for CO oxidation; however, the favored mechanism may be depending on the relative concentrations of CO and O2 molecules in the reaction mixture. The obtained activation energies through the TER and LH mechanisms are also comparable with those reported on noble metals. The findings of this work might help in the design and manufacture of noble‐metal free single atom catalysts for the removal of harmful CO molecules from the environment.
Fundamentals of Curvilinear Ferromagnetism: Statics and Dynamics of Geometrically Curved Wires and Narrow Ribbons
Authors: Sheka Denis D. , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr V. , Volkov Oleksii M. , Yershov Kostiantyn V. , Kravchuk Volodymyr P. , Makarov Denys 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow‐dimensional magnetic architectures including wires and thin films are key enablers of prospective ultrafast and energy efficient memory, logic, and sensor devices relying on spin‐orbitronic and magnonic concepts. Curvilinear magnetism emerged as a novel approach in material science, which allows tailoring of the fundamental anisotropic and chiral responses relying on the geometrical curvature of magnetic architectures. Much attention is dedicated to magnetic wires of Möbius, helical, or DNA‐like double helical shapes, which act as prototypical objects for the exploration of the fundamentals of curvilinear magnetism. Although there is a bulk number of original publications covering fabrication, characterization, and theory of magnetic wires, there is no comprehensive review of the theoretical framework of how to describe these architectures. Here, theoretical activities on the topic of curvilinear magnetic wires and narrow nanoribbons are summarized, providing a systematic review of the emergent interactions and novel physical effects caused by the curvature. Prospective research directions of curvilinear spintronics and spin‐orbitronics are discussed, the fundamental framework for curvilinear magnonics are outlined, and mechanically flexible curvilinear architectures for soft robotics are introduced.
Physical Fields Manipulation for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Cong‐Cong , Yuan Shuai , Lou Yan‐Hui , Okada Hiroyuki , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the efforts of researchers from all over the world, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been booming rapidly in recent years. Generally, perovskite films are sensitive to surrounding conditions and will be changed under the action of physical fields, resulting in lattice distortion, degradation, ion migration, and so on. In this review, the progress of physical fields manipulation in PSCs, including the electric field, magnetic field, light field, stress field, and thermal field are reviewed. On this basis, the influences of these fields on PSCs are summarized and prospected. Finally, challenges and prospective research directions on how to make better use of external‐fields while minimizing the unnecessary and disruptive impacts on commercial PSCs with high‐efficiency and steady output are proposed.
A new liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight‐tandem mass spectrometry method development and validation for identification and ultra‐trace level quantification of genotoxic impurity 1,3‐diacetoxy‐2‐(acetoxymethoxy) propane in valganciclovir hydrochloride active pharmaceutical ingredient
Authors: Moorthy Manchuri Krishna , Ali Shaik Mahammad , Reddy Gopireddy Venkata Subba 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new reverse phase and short run time (3.0 min) liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for identification and ultra‐trace level quantification (0.83 ppm) of genotoxic impurity 1,3‐diacetoxy‐2‐(acetoxymethoxy) propane in valganciclovir hydrochloride active pharmaceutical ingredient. The method is cost effective, time saving and proficient to confirm the parent and fragment ion masses through mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry further fragmentation. An isocratic program and acquity bridged ethylene hybrid C18 reverse phase column (100 mm × 4.6 mm × 1.7 μm) was used to accomplish optimum separation between valganciclovir and 1,3‐diacetoxy‐2‐(acetoxymethoxy) propane impurity. Mobile phase‐A used was 0.1% formic acid in milli Q water and mobile phase‐B used was acetonitrile in the ration of 50:50 v/v. Diluent used was water and methanol in the ratio of 30:70 v/v. Chromatographic conditions are selected as injection volume: 3 μL, flow rate: 0.2 mL/min, oven temperature: ambient, auto sampler: 5°C and run time: 3.0 min. The retention time of 1,3‐diacetoxy‐2‐(acetoxymethoxy) propane impurity was found at 1.830 min. The detection and quantification levels found at 0.027 and 0.083 ppm. The 1,3‐diacetoxy‐2‐(acetoxymethoxy) propane impurity is linear from 0.082 to 1.236 ppm levels with regression coefficient 0.9972. The recoveries were from 93.3 to 110.0%.
Multi‐trait genomic selection can increase selection accuracy for deoxynivalenol accumulation resulting from fusarium head blight in wheat
Authors: Gaire Rupesh , de Arruda Marcio Pais , Mohammadi Mohsen , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Kolb Frederic L. , Rutkoski Jessica 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMulti‐trait genomic prediction (MTGP) can improve selection accuracy for economically valuable ‘primary’ traits by incorporating data on correlated secondary traits. Resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), is evaluated using four genetically correlated traits: incidence (INC), severity (SEV), Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol content (DON). Both FDK and DON are primary traits; DON evaluation is expensive and usually requires several months for wheat breeders to get results from service laboratories performing the evaluations. We evaluated MTGP for DON using three soft red winter wheat breeding datasets: two diversity panels from the University of Illinois (IL) and Purdue University (PU) and a dataset consisting of 2019–2020 University of Illinois breeding cohorts. For DON, relative to single‐trait (ST) genomic prediction, MTGP including phenotypic data for secondary traits on both validation and training sets, resulted in 23.4 and 10.6% higher predictive abilities in IL and PU panels, respectively. The MTGP models were advantageous only when secondary traits were included in both training and validation sets. In addition, MTGP models were more accurate than ST models only when FDK was included, and once FDK was included in the model, adding additional traits hardly improved accuracy. Evaluation of MTGP models across testing cohorts indicated that MTGP could increase accuracy by more than twofold in the early stages. Overall, we show that MTGP can increase selection accuracy for resistance to DON accumulation in wheat provided FDK is evaluated on the selection candidates.
An analysis of client complaints and their effects on veterinary support staff
Authors: Rogers Charles W. , Murphy Lisa A. , Murphy Ruth A. , Malouf Kylee A. , Natsume Rachel E. , Ward Briana D. , Tansey Colleen , Nakamura Reid K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVeterinarians and support staff have been reporting the negative mental health effects from client complaints (CC). A previous study was performed evaluating these effects in veterinarians however no such study has been performed on veterinary support staff (VSS).ObjectivThe purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and effects of CCs on VSS.MethodsA cross sectional anonymous survey using a web‐based questionnaire was created evaluating the frequency, type, and effects from CC. The survey was distributed to five different VSS Facebook groups and respondents provided demographic information and reported the frequency and effects of such complaints.ResultsA total of 681 questionnaires were collected during the study period but 130 were incomplete and were excluded from analysis. This resulted in 551 completed questionnaires available for review. One hundred and ninety (34.4%) VSS reported being subject to a CC in the previous 6 months with cost of care the most common reason (78.6%). Two hundred and sixty VSS (47.2%) reported feeling depressed because of CCs made against them, 295 VSS (53.5%) stated CCs negatively affected their enjoyment of their job, and 146 (26.5%) have considered changing their career because of CCs.ConclusionsCC have detrimental effects on VSS career satisfaction, mental health and hospital practices. Further studies are warranted to mitigate the detrimental effects of CCs.
Machine learning methods for generating high dimensional discrete datasets
Authors: Manco Giuseppe , Ritacco Ettore , Rullo Antonino , Saccà Domenico , Serra Edoardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe development of platforms and techniques for emerging Big Data and Machine Learning applications requires the availability of real‐life datasets. A possible solution is to synthesize datasets that reflect patterns of real ones using a two‐step approach: first, a real dataset is analyzed to derive relevant patterns and, then, to use such patterns for reconstructing a new dataset that preserves the main characteristics of . This survey explores two possible approaches: (1) Constraint‐based generation and (2) probabilistic generative modeling. The former is devised using inverse mining () techniques, and consists of generating a dataset satisfying given support constraints on the itemsets of an input set, that are typically the frequent ones. By contrast, for the latter approach, recent developments in probabilistic generative modeling () are explored that model the generation as a sampling process from a parametric distribution, typically encoded as neural network. The two approaches are compared by providing an overview of their instantiations for the case of discrete data and discussing their pros and cons.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Climate Change and Crop Management in Indonesia
Authors: Matsuura Eri , Sakagami Nobuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRice is a daily staple for the most of Indonesian people, and rice consumption has increased every year as the population has increased (Suryani et al. 2016). Climate change has severely affected rice production by increasing minimum temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. The decline in rice yield due climate change could threaten national food security over the long term. To maintain the food self-supporting rate and support farmers, new technologies for adapting to climate change in farming systems are needed. Asia-Pacific Climate Change Adaptation Information Platform (AP-PLAT) (2020) reported that the Indonesian government published the National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation (Rencana Aksi Nasional Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim or RAN-API) in 2014, and the Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ) and the Ministry of National Development Planning, Indonesia (BAPPENAS) are cooperating to assess the impact of climate change for local adaptation planning in the Republic of Indonesia.
Water Resource Assessment and Management in Phuket, Thailand
Authors: Vongtanaboon Sukanya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWithin the context of climate change, the province of Phuket in Thailand is the only province in Thailand without any large rivers, which means that it is potentially at risk from problems associated with water scarcity in the future. Phuket Island is also the largest island in Thailand with an area of 543 km2 comprised of three districts (Thalang, Muang and Kathu); 77% of the island is mountainous and 23% consists of plains, primarily in the central and eastern regions. Most water is derived from rainfall, which is stored in reservoirs, mine shafts, and groundwater sources. Due to geography, Phuket is a popular tourist destination. Rates of development in the hotel industry and residential areas, as well as the population, have been rapid in recent decades. However, these developments have severely degraded watershed areas. Economic growth and increases in the number of tourists has resulted in an increase in demand for water, and in the year 2020 consumption exceeded 100,000 m3/day (Provincial Waterworks Authority 2020). Moreover, trends of water use in Phuket are expected to increase by 12% annually, and it is forecasted that the water demand for local consumption and tourism will rise to 103.07 million m3/year in 2032 (Patong Municipality 2020). As the water supply in the three major reservoirs (Bang Wad, Bang Niew Dam and Klong Katha) are limited due to long periods of a dry weather (Provincial Waterworks Authority 2020), there are problems of water scarcity in Phuket and other areas with public water systems in the province. The droughts in 2002 and 2019–2020 caused severe water scarcity in Phuket, and this has become an important issue that the province needs to address.
Analysis of Measures for Preventing Desertification in Inner Mongolia in China
Authors: Ma Yulu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the early 1990s, with the economic development and population growth, desertification has increasingly attracted the attention of governments, international organizations, and scientists around the world. The evaluation of desertification has become a new interest in land science research. Inner Mongolia is a largely deserted province in China, with the deserted land covering 640,000 km2; 91.16%, 41.4%, and 41.0% of the desertification was caused by wind erosion, water erosion, and saline desertification, respectively. Desertification is so disastrous that it can cause additional ecological problems (Liu and Wang 2006; Ye 2008). The causes of desertification in Inner Mongolia can be classified into human and natural causes. Regarding human causes, irrational irrigation methods are the main causes, mainly due to the pressure of population growth, overgrazing (Fig. C8.1), the expansion of dry land reclamation (Fig. C8.2), woodcutting, and the harvesting of Chinese herbal medicine (Fig. C8.3). Regarding natural causes, climate change and the geographical environment are the main issues. Within Inner Mongolia, the arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid arid regions deep in the hinterland of the continent and far away from the ocean comprise the most arid and fragile environmental zone, which lies in the same latitude as areas with the lowest precipitation and highest evaporation. In the past 40 years, precipitation has shown a decreasing trend in parts of the arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid arid regions of Inner Mongolia, whereas the temperature in other areas has shown an increasing trend. These changes in the climate have led to an increase in evaporative power and contributed to soil salinization, which have exacerbated desertification to a certain extent.
Participatory Climate Change Adaptation Using Watershed Approach: Processes and Lessons from the Philippines
Authors: Pulhin Juan M. , Tapia-Villamayor Maricel A. , Garcia Josephine E. , De Luna Catherine C. , Cruz Rex Victor O. , Pulhin Florencia B. , Ramirez Mark Anthony M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Philippine’s National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) aims primarily to build the adaptive capacity of local communities and increase the resilience of natural ecosystems to climate change to promote climate-risk resilience. Climate change is expected to have far-reaching impacts on the structure, ecological conditions, and functions of various ecosystems, diminishing their capacity to support people and communities. Thus, it is important to anticipate the conditions of a socio-ecological system considering climate change, and to maintain its integrity through adaptation.
Geotechnical Approaches to Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan and Vietnam
Authors: Yasuhara Kazuya , Murakami Satoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the factors responsible for the increased severity of disasters in recent years is overlapping events that are caused by a combination of climate change- and climate change-non-associated events. These compound disasters are common in Japan and Vietnam. This study attempts to explore ways in which to increase resilience against the risk of disasters, particularly in cases where residents encounter such compound disasters, in Japan and Vietnam.
The Practice of Education for Disaster Risk Reduction in Vietnam: Lessons Learned from a Decade of Implementation 2010–2020
Authors: Tong Thi Thi My , Nguyen Duong Thi Hong , Nguyen Hung The , Park Tae Yoon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe education sector is one of the most impacted sectors due to natural disasters in Vietnam. Understand the situation, the Ministry of Education and Training has prioritized the implementation of disaster risk reduction education (DRRE) activities in schools since 2010s. Before the governmental programs were widely deployed, DRRE activities are mainly carried out by various organisations including United Nations organizations, non-governmental organizations, and other civil society organisations. This study will analyze 14 typical cases of DRRE in schools and provide implications for promoting DRRE in Vietnam.
Bootstrapping fermionic rational CFTs with three characters
Authors: Bae Jin-Beom , Duan Zhihao , Lee Kimyeong , Lee Sungjay , Sarkis Matthieu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, the modular linear differential equation (MLDE) for level-two congruence subgroups Γθ, Γ0(2) and Γ0(2) of SL2(ℤ) was developed and used to classify the fermionic rational conformal field theories (RCFT). Two character solutions of the second-order fermionic MLDE without poles were found and their corresponding CFTs are identified. Here we extend this analysis to explore the landscape of three character fermionic RCFTs obtained from the third-order fermionic MLDE without poles. Especially, we focus on a class of the fermionic RCFTs whose Neveu-Schwarz sector vacuum character has no free-fermion currents and Ramond sector saturates the bound hR ≥ $$ \frac{C}{24} $$

C
24

, which is the unitarity bound for the supersymmetric case. Most of the solutions can be mapped to characters of the fermionized WZW models. We find the pairs of fermionic CFTs whose characters can be combined to produce K(τ), the character of the c = 12 fermionic CFT for Co0 sporadic group.
Relationship between summer extreme precipitation anomaly in Central Asia and surface sensible heat variation on the Central-Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Jie , Chen Lian , Li Dongliang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the context of global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events have increased, especially in Central Asia (CA). In this study, we investigate the characteristics of summer extreme precipitation (SEP) in CA and its relationship with the surface sensible heat (SSH) variation over the central–eastern Tibetan Plateau (CETP). The results suggest that the distribution of SEP in CA is extremely uneven, and the SEP thresholds range from 2 to 32 mm/day, and 80% of them are concentrated in 4–10 mm/day. Both the total amount of SEP and the number of SEP days show significant increasing trends, with the climatic tendencies of 4.4 mm/decade and 0.4 day/decade, respectively. The SSH anomalies over the CETP can affect the SEP and summer drought in CA by regulating the strength of South Asia High (SAH) and the subtropical jet over CA. The strong SSH anomalies over the CETP in late spring (April–May) can be transmitted from the lower to the upper layers through the continuous heating to the atmosphere and lead to the anomalously strong subtropical high over northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the anomalously weak subtropical westerly jet over CA and the anomalously strong SAH in summer. At the same time, the Ural ridge strengthens, the CA trough weakens, and the northern CA is controlled by an anomaly of warm high-pressure ridge. Therefore, the anomaly of water vapor convergence in northern CA weakens. The SEP there will be abnormally less, and the summer drought intensifies. When the SSH over CETP is anomalously weak in late spring, the key circulations are just the opposite. Furthermore, the anomalous water vapor from the Arctic, North Atlantic and western Pacific converges in northern CA and northern Xinjiang, China, which is conducive to the generation of widespread extreme precipitation and the alleviation of summer drought in these regions.
Association of small vessel disease with tau pathology
Authors: Kapasi Alifiya , Yu L. , Petyuk V. , Arfanakis K. , Bennett D. A. , Schneider J. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that small vessel disease (SVD) is a risk factor for clinical dementia and may contribute to AD neuropathological changes. Watershed brain regions are located at the most distal areas between arterial territories, making them vulnerable to SVD-related changes. We examined the association of pathologic markers of SVD, specifically arteriolosclerosis in watershed brain regions, with AD pathologic changes. Participants (N = 982; mean age-at-death = 90; 69% women) were enrolled as part of one of two cohort studies of aging and dementia. At autopsy, neuropathological evaluation included semi-quantitative grading of arteriolosclerosis pathology from 2 cortical watershed regions: the anterior watershed (AWS) and posterior watershed (PWS), densities for cortical β-amyloid and tau-tangle pathology, and other common age-related pathologies. Linear regression models examined the association of watershed arteriolosclerosis pathology with β-amyloid and tau-tangle burden. In follow-up analyses, available ex-vivo MRI and proteomics data in a subset of decedents were leveraged to examine the association of whole brain measure of WMH, as a presumed MRI marker of SVD, with β-amyloid and tau-tangle burden, as well as to examine the association of watershed arteriolosclerosis with proteomic tau. Watershed arteriolosclerosis was common, with 45% of older persons having moderate-to-severe arteriolosclerosis pathology in the AWS region, and 35% in the PWS. In fully adjusted models that controlled for demographics and common age-related pathologies, an increase in severity of PWS arteriolosclerosis was associated with a higher burden of tau-tangle burden, specifically neocortical tau burden, but not with β-amyloid. AWS arteriolosclerosis was not associated with β-amyloid or tau pathology. Ex-vivo WMH was associated with greater tau-tangle pathology burden but not β-amyloid. Furthermore, PWS arteriolosclerosis was associated with higher abundance of tau phosphopeptides, that promote formation of tau aggregates. These data provide compelling evidence that SVD, specifically posterior watershed arteriolosclerosis pathology, is linked with tau pathological changes in the aging brain.