bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabic Fake News Detection Based on Textual Analysis
Authors: Himdi Hanen , Weir George , Assiri Fatmah , Al-Barhamtoshy Hassanin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the years, social media has had a considerable impact on the way we share information and send messages. With this comes the problem of the rapid distribution of fake news which can have negative impacts on both individuals and society. Given the potential negative influence, detecting unmonitored ‘fake news’ has become a critical issue in mainstream media. While there are recent studies that built machine learning models that detect fake news in several languages, lack of studies in detecting fake news in the Arabic language is scare. Hence, in this paper, we study the issue of fake news detection in the Arabic language based on textual analysis. In an attempt to address the challenges of authenticating news, we introduce a supervised machine learning model that classifies Arabic news articles based on their context’s credibility. We also introduce the first dataset of Arabic fake news articles composed through crowdsourcing. Subsequently, to extract textual features from the articles, we create a unique approach of forming Arabic lexical wordlists and design an Arabic Natural Language Processing tool to perform textual features extraction. The findings of this study promises great results and outperformed human performance in the same task.
Production of magnetic sewage sludge biochar: investigation of the activation mechanism and effect of the activating agent and temperature
Authors: Sierra Irene , Iriarte-Velasco Unai , Ayastuy Jose L. , Aguayo Andrés T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSewage sludge-based porous materials were prepared through an integrated and energy-saving procedure that combines chemical activation with an alkali (NaOH or K2CO3) and physical activation with CO2 in a single step. The study was conducted in a wide temperature range (600–1000 °C), using higher temperatures than those commonly used. From the standpoint of textural properties, the impregnation results in a decrease in the optimum activation temperature: 800 °C for untreated samples, and 600–700 °C for impregnated samples. The impregnation increases the amount of –OH and –NH functional groups, and it also leads to the generation of new oxygen- and/or nitrogen-containing functionalities (above 800 °C for the impregnation with K2CO3 and in the whole temperature range for the impregnation with NaOH). The chemical treatment favors the development of magnetic properties on biochars, which is an advantage for its reuse in wastewater treatment, since it favors the removal of anionic surfactants and heavy metals such as lead, copper, zinc, and manganese. The uptake of phenol and methylene blue (MB) is maximized with the combination of the impregnation (with NaOH for phenol and K2CO3 for MB) and the use of a moderate temperature (600–700 °C). The optimum uptake values represent an increase of 87% and 152% for MB and phenol, respectively, compared to the highest value of non-impregnated samples (activated at 800 °C), with the advantage of the lower temperature required.
Graphical abstract
Relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, quality of life, and gender in institutionalized older people
Authors: Jyväkorpi S. K. , Lindström M. , Suominen M. H. , Kautiainen H. , Salminen K. , Niskanen R. T. , Pitkälä K. H. , Roitto H-M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOur aim was to explore the relationship between frailty, nutrition, body composition, and how gender modifies this relationship among long-term care facility residents. We further investigated how body composition correlates with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in both genders. In all, 549 residents (> 65 years of age) were recruited from 17 long-term care facilities for this cross-sectional study. Demographic information, diagnoses, use of medications, and nutritional supplements were retrieved from medical records. Participants’ frailty status, cognition, nutritional status, HRQoL, and body composition were determined. Energy, protein, and fat intakes were retrieved from 1- to 2-day food diaries. The final sample consisted of 300 residents (77% women, mean age 83 years). The majority of participants, 62% of women and 63% of men, were identified as frail. Frail participants in both genders showed lower body mass index (p = 0.0013), muscle mass (MM) (p < 0.001), poorer nutritional status (p = 0.0012), cognition (p = 0.0021), and lower HRQoL (p < 0.001) than did prefrail participants. Women had higher fat mass, whereas men exhibited higher MM. The HRQoL correlated with the MM in both women, r = 0.48 [95% CI 0.38, 0.57] and men r = 0.49 [95% CI 0.38, 0.58]. Interventions aimed at strengthening and retaining MM of long-term residents may also support their HRQoL.
Diurnal Circadian Lighting Accumulation Model: A Predictor of the Human Circadian Phase Shift Phenotype
Authors: Hou Dandan , Lin Caixin , Lin Yandan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLight is an important external factor that affects human circadian rhythms. This study aimed to explore the effects of different dimensions of diurnal light exposure on the physiological circadian phase shift (CPS) of the human body. A strict light exposure experiment with different timing schemes (8:00–12:00, 13:00–17:00, 18:00–22:00), durations (4 h, 8 h) and effective circadian stimulus levels (circadian stimulus: 0.35, 0.55) was performed in an enclosed laboratory. Fourteen participants, including seven males and seven females, with a mean age of 24.29 ± 2.43 (mean ± standard deviation), participated in this experiment and experienced all six lighting schemes. The results showed that both time factor (F3,40 = 29.079, p < 0.001, the power of the sample size = 0.98) and circadian stimulus levels (T20 =  − 2.415, p = 0.025, the power of sample size = 0.76) significantly affect the CPS. On this basis, a diurnal circadian lighting accumulation (DCLA)—CPS model was proposed in the form of the Boltzmann function, and was validated by experimental data with high correlation (R2 = 0.9320, RSS = 0.1184), which provides strong support for rationally arranging the light level at different times of the day.
Validity evidence for flourishing as a measure of global wellbeing: a national multicenter study of academic general surgery residents
Authors: Lebares Carter C. , Greenberg Anya L. , Gonzales Paul A. , Boscardin Christy K. ,   and the General Surgery Research Collaborative on Resident Wellbeing
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Physician wellbeing is critical to high-quality sustainable healthcare and optimal patient experience. Few objective measures exist to assay wellbeing (as opposed to just pathology) in surgery, or to evaluate the efficacy of wellbeing interventions. Flourishing (as measured by the Mental Health Continuum, MHC) has been suggested as a concise measure of global wellbeing in surgeons. We aimed to establish validity evidence for flourishing in a large national sample of surgical trainees, explore differences by gender and race, and confirm support for the underlying constructs.

Methods
This cross-sectional study of all General Surgery residents at 16 ACGME-accredited academic programs included an online survey of published measures distributed in February 2021. The Mental Health Continuum (MHC), a three-factor model, assesses emotional, social, and psychological wellbeing and is an established metric of psychosocial thriving in non-physicians. A global score cut-off exists for flourishing which represents high wellbeing. Correlation between flourishing and established measures of risk and resilience in surgery were assessed for validity evidence. Differences by gender and race were explored. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to confirm the three-factor structure in surgical trainees.

Results
300 residents (60% non-male, 41% non-white) responded to the survey. For the overall group, flourishing was significantly positively correlated with all wellbeing resilience factors and negatively correlated with all risk factors. This held true for race and gender subgroups based on interaction analyses. CFA and sensitivity analysis results supported the three-factor structure.

Conclusions
Our findings offer validity evidence for flourishing as a measure of global wellbeing and confirm the three-factor structure of emotional, social, and psychological wellbeing in surgical trainees. Thus, the MHC may be a concise tool for assaying wellbeing, within and across subgroups, and for assessing wellbeing intervention effectiveness within the surgery.
Predictors of Pornography Use: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Loneliness
Authors: Cardoso Jorge , Ramos Catarina , Brito José , Almeida Telma C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Pleasure-seeking reasons are the main drivers of pornography use (PU), but the regulation of unpleasant states, namely distraction from or suppression of negative emotions and stress relief, are other potential predictors of this behavior.

Aim
Our main objective is to develop an explanatory model of problematic PU, assessing difficulties in emotion regulation, loneliness, perceived stress, as well as age and gender as predictors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted that included a total of 340 participants (M = 28.50 years, SD = 10.32). Self-report inventories were administered that measured problematic PU (PPCS), difficulties in emotion regulation (DERS-SF), loneliness (UCLALS-3), and perceived stress (PSS-10).

Results
The findings were indicative of recreational PU, with only a small number of participants (4.6%) reporting a possible problematic PU. There were statistically significant gender differences (F(1,337) = 33.306, P ≤ .001), namely that men were more likely to report problematic PU (M = 36.03, SD = 21.30) than women (M = 25.32, SD = 9.24). Problematic PU was significantly and positively correlated either with difficulties in emotion regulation, loneliness, perceived stress and age. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that difficulties in emotion regulation (β = 0.259, P ≤ .001), loneliness (β = 0.209, P = .001), and gender (β = -0.377, P ≤ .001) define the best subset of predictors of problematic PU. Age and perceived stress were not selected as predictors in this subset.

Clinical Translation
The promotion of better emotion regulation abilities and strategies for adaptive coping with loneliness must be taken into consideration, namely in cases of problematic PU or compulsive sexual behavior disorder.

Strengths & Limitations
Being a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample and the fact that these variables explain only a part of the explained variance of the problematic PU are the main limitations. Despite the limitations, the principal contribution of this study is the understanding that gender, difficulties in emotion regulation, and loneliness remain as main predictors of problematic PU, even when combined in the explanatory model.

Conclusion
The current study provides a better understanding of the predictors of problematic PU related with the reduction or avoidance of unpleasant states. Emotion regulation, loneliness, and perceived stress, studied simultaneously, provide a better understanding of the complex relationships between these factors and problematic PU. Difficulties in emotion regulation and loneliness are predictors of higher problematic PU, as well as the expected gender effect.
Catullus’ Fantastical Memories – Poem 68 and Writing Trauma
Authors: Johnson Marguerite 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the many evocations of memory in the Catullan corpus, fantasy plays a significant, albeit discrete role. Fantasy embellishes memories in Catullus’ poems, not necessarily making them bearable but enabling them to be understood, in part. I argue that in poem 68 there are two different approaches to fantastical memories: the intense and vivid memories of his brother's death, and the memories of Lesbia that move both towards, and away from, overt fantasy. In this sense, and in the context of poem 68, fantasy communicates the memory of trauma in a way that includes vivid, hyperbolic, symbolic and metaphoric modes of expression. In the case of the fantasy embedded in the memory of Lesbia, it also entails wish fulfilment.
Applying mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection criteria in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies: A retrospective cohort study looking for the real source of infection
Authors: Puin da Silva Ana Carolina , Vieira Michely Fernandes , Freire Maristela Pinheiro , Vaz Lumena , Bonazzi Patrícia Rodrigues , Ibrahim Karim Yaqub , Diz Maria Del Pilar Esteves , Hoff Paulo Marcelo , Pereira Juliana , Rocha Vanderson Geraldo , Abdala Edson 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the interference of the mucosal barrier injury (MBI) laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI) criteria on the central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) incidence density, and the proportion of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) among those classified as MBI. We detected 339 CLABSIs: 15.0% were classified as MBI-LCBIs, and among these, 19.6% were classified as CRBSIs.
Setting the Demons Loose: Computational Irreducibility Does Not Guarantee Unpredictability or Emergence
Authors: Tabatabaei Ghomi Hamed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA phenomenon resulting from a computationally irreducible (or computationally incompressible) process is supposedly unpredictable except via simulation. This notion of unpredictability has been deployed to formulate recent accounts of computational emergence. Via a technical analysis, I show that computational irreducibility can establish the impossibility of prediction only with respect to maximum standards of precision. By articulating the graded nature of prediction, I show that unpredictability to maximum standards is not equivalent to being unpredictable in general. I conclude that computational irreducibility fails to fulfill its assigned philosophical roles in theories of computational emergence.
Why Mental Disorders are not Like Software Bugs
Authors: Fagerberg Harriet 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to the Argument for Autonomous Mental Disorder (AAMD), mental disorder can occur in the absence of brain disorder, just as software problems can occur in the absence of hardware problems in a computer. This article argues that the AAMD is unsound. I begin by introducing the “natural dysfunction analysis” of disorder, before outlining the AAMD. I then analyze the necessary conditions for realizer autonomous dysfunction. Building on this, I show that software functions disassociate from hardware functions in a way that mental functions do not disassociate from brain functions. It follows that mental disorders are brain disorders necessarily.
ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS OF RADIOCARBON IN LUND, SWEDEN, PRIOR TO THE START OF THE EUROPEAN SPALLATION SOURCE
Authors: Eriksson Stenström Kristina , Skog Göran , Bernhardsson Christian , Mattsson Sören , Nielsen Anne Birgitte , Rundgren Mats , Muscheler Raimund , Linderson Hans , Pédehontaa-Hiaa Guillaume , Rääf Christopher 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe European Spallation Source (ESS) is a neutron-based research facility under construction in Lund in southern Sweden. The spallation reactions will generate not only the desired neutrons, but also many radioactive by-products, including 14C. As part of the licensing process, and as recommended by the IAEA, various preoperational studies are being carried out, including mapping the “zero-point” radiation environment around the site. As the city of Lund hosts several facilities using 14C-labeled substances, and since temporary and local 14C contamination have been observed in the past, 14C mapping is an important part of these baseline assessments. We here present a summary of 14C levels in various terrestrial environmental samples in Lund and in southern Sweden during the years 2012 to 2020. These environmental F14C do not display significantly elevated levels compared to sites located remote from Lund. We also describe a local 14C contamination event that was detected at the Lund Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory in 2009. Horse-chestnut leaves collected close to the laboratory exhibited F14C values of up to ∼25% above the clean air background. Elevated values of F14C were also found in a short tree-ring series, especially in 2007. The source of this contamination was identified and successfully removed.
The Social Bases of Political Parties: A New Measure and Survey
Authors: Marks Gary , Attewell David , Hooghe Liesbet , Rovny Jan , Steenbergen Marco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article proposes a measure of the social structuration of political parties. The measure has some distinctive virtues. It assesses the social bases of partisanship from the standpoint of the political party, and it provides a simple and transparent method for assessing the relative weight of social-structural and behavioral factors for party composition. We illustrate the power of this measure through a comparison of political parties in 30 European countries since 1975.
Development of a model to predict psychotherapy response for depression among Veterans
Authors: Ziobrowski Hannah N. , Cui Ruifeng , Ross Eric L. , Liu Howard , Puac-Polanco Victor , Turner Brett , Leung Lucinda B. , Bossarte Robert M. , Bryant Corey , Pigeon Wilfred R. , Oslin David W. , Post Edward P. , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Zubizarreta Jose R. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Luedtke Alex , Kennedy Chris J. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFewer than half of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) respond to psychotherapy. Pre-emptively informing patients of their likelihood of responding could be useful as part of a patient-centered treatment decision-support plan.MethodsThis prospective observational study examined a national sample of 807 patients beginning psychotherapy for MDD at the Veterans Health Administration. Patients completed a self-report survey at baseline and 3-months follow-up (data collected 2018–2020). We developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict psychotherapy response at 3 months using baseline survey, administrative, and geospatial variables in a 70% training sample. Model performance was then evaluated in the 30% test sample.Results32.0% of patients responded to treatment after 3 months. The best ML model had an AUC (SE) of 0.652 (0.038) in the test sample. Among the one-third of patients ranked by the model as most likely to respond, 50.0% in the test sample responded to psychotherapy. In comparison, among the remaining two-thirds of patients, <25% responded to psychotherapy. The model selected 43 predictors, of which nearly all were self-report variables.ConclusionsPatients with MDD could pre-emptively be informed of their likelihood of responding to psychotherapy using a prediction tool based on self-report data. This tool could meaningfully help patients and providers in shared decision-making, although parallel information about the likelihood of responding to alternative treatments would be needed to inform decision-making across multiple treatments.
ON SOME AMBIGUITIES IN IBN SĪNĀ’S ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTIFIED HYPOTHETICAL PROPOSITIONS
Authors: Chatti Saloua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn his analysis of the hypothetical (šarṭīyya) connected (muttaṣila) and disjunctive (munfaṣila) propositions (Al-qiyās, section V), Ibn Sīnā suggests that they can be quantified and presents in section VI a hypothetical system containing the conditional ones, which is exactly parallel to categorical syllogistic and makes use of the same conversion rules and the same proofs. In section VII, he provides four lists of hypothetical quantified propositions whose clauses are themselves quantified and says that the relations of the Aristotelian square of opposition hold for them. In addition, he says that some conditional universal affirmative propositions are equivalent to some universal negative ones with opposed consequents, and to some quantified disjunctive ones. The problem is that these claims are incompatible with each other, since they require two different readings of the universal affirmative conditional proposition, which Ibn Sīnā does not distinguish clearly. In this paper we solve the problem by distinguishing explicitly between these two readings and showing that the first one satisfies the conversion rule of the universal affirmative and the relations of the logical square, and validates all the admitted moods, while the second one satisfies the contraposition rule and the equivalences stated by Ibn Sīnā. This accounts for all Ibn Sīnā’s claims and makes the system coherent.
Are Significant Tornadoes Occurring Later in the Year in Southern Ontario?
Authors: Sills D. M. L. , Durfy C. S. , de Souza C. P. E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing a long‐term data set (1875–2019), we investigate whether the month having peak tornado frequency changes over time in southern Ontario, Canada. Using only F/EF2+ tornadoes and 10‐year rolling periods having modes at 5‐year intervals, we find a statistically significant (99% confidence interval) moderate positive trend. However, we identify no statistically significant trend (positive or negative) using the same methods with tornado data from neighboring US states Michigan and New York. Though we do not investigate causes here, the study is the first to identify a robust long‐term trend in the frequency of significant tornadoes for any region of Canada. Such a shift also has implications for public safety, with the occurrence of such tornadoes later in the year having the potential for greater impacts.
Generation of Reflections and PKP Precursors From a Scattering Layer in D″
Authors: Hiemer Vanessa , Thomas Christine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe D″ region consists of many different structures on many length‐scales and here we test whether an inhomogeneous scattering region could potentially explain two of these seismic observables, namely PKP precursors, which are generated by scattering near the core‐mantle boundary, and reflections of a seismic discontinuity in the lowermost mantle. The focus of this study is on modeling PKP precursors and lower mantle reflections. Testing different heterogeneity models with a range of correlation lengths and velocity perturbations for D″, we find that some of our models can produce both waves. Comparing our synthetic seismograms to real data for precursors in adjacent locations beneath the mid‐Atlantic near South America we find the best fitting model with correlation length of 10 km and velocity perturbation of 5% with a gradual increase of scattering defined by a taper from 200 to 400 km above the core‐mantle boundary.
A Systematic Look at the Temperature Gradient Contribution to the Dayside Magnetopause Current
Authors: Beedle J. M. H. , Gershman D. J. , Uritsky V. M. , Phan T. D. , Giles B. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagnetopause diamagnetic currents arise from density and temperature driven pressure gradients across the boundary layer. While theoretically recognized, the temperature contributions to the magnetopause current system have not yet been systematically studied. To bridge this gap, we used a database of Magnetospheric Multiscale magnetopause crossings to analyze diamagnetic current densities and their contributions across the dayside and flank magnetopause. Our results indicate that the ion temperature gradient component makes up to 37% of the ion diamagnetic current density along the magnetopause and typically opposes the classical Chapman‐Ferraro current direction, interfering destructively with the density gradient component, thus lowering the total diamagnetic current density. This effect is most pronounced on the flank magnetopause. The electron diamagnetic current was found to be 5–14 times weaker than the ion diamagnetic current on average.