bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Alloy Composition on the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Fe-Ni(-Co) Coatings
Authors: Wilden J. , Wank A. , Schreiber F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Cored wires expand the spectrum of coating materials, that can be processed from wire feedstock. In particular they allow to provide a custom-made alloy composition. For many industrial applications a low thermal expansion coefficient is desirable to adapt the expansion behavior to specific needs. Bulk material alloys within the system Fe-Ni-Co show thermal expansion coefficients below 5 10–6 K–1 at temperatures below 600 °C. Thermal spraying is a suitable technology to manufacture coatings, that provide a gradient of the thermal expansion behavior, or free standing bodies for components with low shape changes due to thermal interference. Detailed research has to be done on the influence of the alloy composition regarding the specific metallurgical requirements on wire feedstock material for arc spraying. Fe-Ni(-Co) coatings are produced from cored wires by arc spraying. Guidelines for the choice of the optimum process parameters with respect to coating properties and economical effects are worked out. The coatings are characterized with concern to porosity, oxide content, surface roughness, deposition efficiency, power consumption and deposition rate. The coefficient of thermal expansion is determined by dilatometry.
Correlation Between Simulations and Plasma Spray Coatings Properties
Authors: Bolot R. , Monin V. , Coddet C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A numerical study was realized in order to simulate the plasma spraying of a Mo/NiCrBSi powder mixture under atmospheric conditions. The influence of the spray parameters on particles' in-flight characteristics was investigated numerically. The PHOENICS CFD code was used for the computation of the plasma jets and an in-house code was developed for the modeling of plasma/particles interactions. In view of the high melting temperature of Molybdenum and the presence of a self fluxing alloy like NiCrBSi, the state of the Mo particles prior to their impact on the substrate (velocity, temperature) was regarded as one of the major element influencing the quality of the produced coatings. Different spray parameters were considered: the plasma gas was an argon/hydrogen mixture with two different total flow rates and three different hydrogen fractions. Corresponding experiments are presented and appear to be consistent with numerical results.
Dynamical Mechanical Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Al- and Fe-Based Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Bũrkle G. , Fecht H.J. , Sagel A. , Wanke C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Static mechanical properties such as Young's Modulus, Yield Stress and Ultimate Tensile Strength and especially fatigue behavior are important material properties for thermal spray coatings and their industrial application in automotive and aerospace industry. The static and dynamic mechanical properties of Al-Si, Al-Sn, Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-B based coating materials deposited by APS, TWAS and HVOF were investigated by nanoindentation and in a three point bending test using DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis). This method permits the determination of pure coating material static and dynamic mechanical properties without substrate influence over a wide temperature range. In this investigation all measurements were carried out at room temperature. The DMA method was verified by comparison of Young's modulus to those obtained by nanoindentation.
Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of APS and HVOF Sprayed TiO2 Coatings on Light Metals
Authors: Buchmann M. , Gadow R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Light weight design offers a lot of interesting manufacturing and operation aspects in mechanical engineering, e.g. concerning production and material cost or energy consumption. By means of protective coatings, light metal components can also be used under extreme wear and corrosion conditions. Of tribological interest are coating systems with low friction and wear coefficients. If traditional liquid lubricants cannot be used, the tribological functions must be taken over by material surfaces with solid lubricant capability. Very promising tribological results under dry and mixed friction are obtained by thermally sprayed TiO2 coatings. The paper presents a general overview about the tribological and mechanical properties of APS and HVOF sprayed TiO2 coatings on different light metal materials.
Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Co-Based Alloy Thermally Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Adachi M. , Tani K. , Harada Y. , Ogino K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Thermally sprayed coatings with Co-based alloy were evaluated for cavitation erosion resistance in order to use as erosion proof coatings. Co-based alloy coatings have been applied by Low Pressure Plasma Spray (LPS) and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Flame Spray (HVOF) on the AISI 403 stainless steel substrates and half number of each coated specimen were post-heated at 1073K for 1 hour. The mass loss was measured for evaluation in this study. The following results have been obtained in the cavitation test; i) Both of LPS coatings (the post-heated and the as sprayed) have more excellent cavitation erosion resistance than HVOF coatings, ii) With regard to LPS coatings, the post-heated coating has the same weight loss as the as-sprayed coatings. iii)The post heat treatment to HVOF is remarkably effective to improve the cavitation erosion resistance.
Corrosion Behaviour of HVOF Sprayed Coatings in Seawater
Authors: Kawakita J. , Fukushima T. , Kuroda S. , Kodama T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The HVOF sprayed coatings of SUS316L stainless steel and Hastelloy C nickel-based alloy were studies with respect to corrosion behaviour in seawater. Corrosion took place at the small crack, which was formed by insufficient filling up of sprayed particles. The corrosion mechanism of the sprayed film was similar to the crevice corrosion. Some treatments for decrease of the crack resulted in considerable improvement of the corrosion resistance.
Corrosion Fatigue Properties of Al2O3 Plasma-Sprayed SUS316L Stainless Steel in a Physiological Saline Solution
Authors: Sugano M. , Somboon U. , Kisuki H. , Satake T. , Tanaka Z. , Ohmori A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The SUS316L stainless steel rod specimen coated with plasma-sprayed Al2O3 deposits has been fatigued in a physiological saline solution (0.9 % NaCl solution) to evaluate the potential of its application to prosthetic implant materials. Push-pull loading fatigue tests were conducted at the stress ratio of R = -1, and at the frequency of 2 Hz. Pure titanium powder was selected for undercoat. Fatigue damage was examined on longitudinal section of the specimen and fracture surface by optical and electron microscopy from the microstructural viewpoints. The plasma spraying of Al2O3 powder has significantly improved fatigue properties of the substrate metal in the longer range of fatigue lives, compared with the results of the non-coated steel specimen. It was found from electrochemical experiments that titanium for undercoat metal has acted as sacrificial anode to protect the substrate metal from corrosive attack and under lower stress amplitudes the plasma sprayed Al2O3 coating kept the solution out at an early stage of fatigue lives. Fatigue cracks preferentially originated from flaws, which had been caused on the substrate metal surface through grit blasting, and extended into the bulk of substrate metal. Fatigue cracks appear not to develop into plasma-sprayed deposits while the deposits could accommodate themselves to the crack opening displacement at the surface of substrate metal. It was understood that the plasma sprayed coating has enhanced fatigue properties in the solution both by keeping the solution out during the early stage of fatigue lives and by electrochemical effects of the undercoat metal when the topcoat was cracked in macroscopic scale.
Fracture Mechanics Approach to Delamination of Thermally Cycled Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Liu Y. , Persson C. , Melin S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microcracks in thermal barrier coatings are inherent from the plasma spraying process. Such cracks might constitute a threat to the coating. The influence of pre-existing cracks in the global direction of the interface between the bond coat and the top coat on the risk of delamination is addressed through finite element simulations. Stress concentrations at the interface due to the roughness of the plasma sprayed bond coat are accounted for by a sinusoidal interface. The effect of oxidation of the bond coat is modelled by including a thin oxide layer between the ceramic coat and the bond coat. It was found that the crack tip position of pre-existing cracks, as well as the presence of an oxide layer, significantly influences the risk of delamination. As the oxide thickness increases, the risk of crack propagation increases. It is also found that not all pre-existing cracks can propagate. For some crack tip locations, the crack remains closed during the entire loading sequence.
Electoral Systems in the Digital Age: Underlying Challenges and New Opportunities. Part IV. The Results of Research on Model Data
Authors: SINYTSKYI M. 
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of democratic development of Ukraine.
The reasons for the need for a radical transformation of the electoral process in Ukraine have been considered from a theoretical standpoint. The main goal and sub-goals of the research have been formulated. The classical mathematical models of electoral technologies, selected for comparison with modern approaches have been described.
The basic principles of selection of methods for measuring the results of approval voting have been analyzed. The issues of constructing a verbal-numerical scale, assessing the consistency of voter decisions and applying statistical criteria to obtain a consolidated result have been considered.
The models selected for calculating the final election rating are analyzed. Mathematical algorithms of multicriteria selection based on the qualimetric approach and pairwise comparison on four variants of scales are given. Protocols for determining consensus alternatives using the Topsis method, the Kemeni – Young median, the Schulze heuristic procedure, and the fuzzy set approach are described.
The results of approbation of the selected protocols of approval of the voting system for the election model of 4 candidates on 7 questions of the ballot paper are given. The algorithm and the results of generating by the Monte Carlo method arrays of initial data with a size of 10,000 records, having a uniform and normal distribution with three variants of the bias parameter, are presented. To identify the sensitivity of the studied protocols to violations of the transitivity of individual preference profiles, the primary data arrays were transformed by replacing the nontransitive profiles with an equivalent number of transitive ones without presenting a preference to any alternative. Based on the assessment of the correlation of the final ratings, their sensitivity to the type of distribution and to violations of the transitivity of individual judgments, it was concluded that it is advisable to use the Kemeny median to determine the voting results. The use of the proposed method for transforming primary data also makes it possible to use the Condorcet, Dodgson, Saati and Schulze protocols. The results of this study indicate that there is a fundamental possibility of transition to a new digital paradigm of the electoral process based on the approving principle of voting.
Optimization of installations for electrothermal processing of milk
Authors: Seyidov Z. M. , Mammadov G. B. 
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Heat treatment of milk is carried out at different temperatures on different equipment. When milk raw materials are cooled, the vital activity of microorganisms that cause spoilage slows down and the shelf life of fresh milk increases. Heating milk intensifies many technological operations. Pasteurization of milk and dairy products is designed to suppress the vital activity of microorganisms in vegetative form. Sterilization of milk and dairy products ensures the destruction of not only vegetative, but also spore forms of microorganisms, which significantly increases their shelf life.Methods. On dairy farms, it is most advisable to use low-inertia electric heating installations. Now there are several basic and constructive schemes of such installlations. However, in most sources there is little information about their technical and economic optimization. The task in this paper was to find the extremum of the objective function under given constraints.Results. The restrictions take into account the technical requirements inherent in this technological process of heat treatment of milk. In order to compare, calculations were performed for variants with final values of the cost of the basic units of the installation and optimization of only the sections of electropasteurization and heat exchanger recovery. The above algorithm can be used without significant changes to optimize installations with direct heating or other types of milk heating.
Determination of vitamin B12 in dry mixtures for baby food by the method of high performance liquid chromatography with chromatomass-spectrometric detection
Authors: Zhizhin N. A. 
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) belongs to the group of water-soluble vitamins. This vitamin belongs to the class of tetrapyrroles, biologically active substances consisting of pyrrole rings associated with metal ions. So, in the vitamin B12 molecule, the core is the cobalt ion. A feature of this vitamin is that its synthesis in nature is carried out only by bacteria, and therefore, it is present only in products of animal origin. And one of the sources of its receipt is milk and dairy products, including those enriched with B vitamins. Low concentrations of vitamin B12, even in vitamin-enriched dairy products, at the level of tenths and hundredths of a milligram, make the assessment of its quantitative content a difficult analytical task. The use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography for this purpose, followed by detection by means of a spectrophotometric or diode-array detector, is associated with a time-consuming sample preparation technique. Including repeated concentration of the sample to achieve the required concentrations of the desired substance. In this connection, the development of an analytical method that allows to remove the disadvantages described above, is an urgent task.Methods. This article proposes a method for assessing the content of vitamin B12 by high performance liquid chromatography using a mass-spectrometric detector (HPLCMS). The method developed in this study can be used for laboratory analysis of vitamin B12 in dry formulas for baby food, which will provide the possibility of faster and more efficient results for the control and monitoring of baby food enriched with vitamin complexes of water-soluble vitamins of group B.Results. A method of sample preparation is presented, in which the recovery coefficient of the analyte in the studied samples was 99.12–99.31%. When evaluating the calibration curve, the correlation coefficient was r2 = 99.999. The calculated limit of detection is 0.02 g/kg.
The use of marl in the composition of the feed mixture for dairy cows
Authors: Lemesh E. A. , Gamko L. N. , Gulakov A. N. , Yakovleva S. E. 
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Lactating cows, especially at the beginning of lactation, consume a higher proportion of minerals received from the diet, and as a rule there is a lack of them. Therefore, the composition of feed mixtures for lactating cows includes premixes, natural mineral additives with a known chemical composition, sapropel, marl, and others that contribute to replenishing the mineral part of the rations.Materials and methods. The objects of research were lactating cows at the third lactation and a recipe for a feed mixture with marl; clay-carbonate rock contains from 50 to 70% CaCO3. Accounting of milk productivity was carried out according to the results of control milkings. The mass fraction of fat and protein in milk was determined on the Clover-1M milk quality analyzer, the calculation of economic efficiency was carried out taking into account the cost of feed and the cost of production and its value.Results. Feeding dairy cows a feed mixture with the addition of marl in the amount of 40 g per day per head contributed to an increase in productivity by 8.2% and a reduction in the cost of energy feed units by 1 kg of milk by 7.7% compared to the control group. The amount of milk fat and protein in milk in the experimental group was increased by 14.5 and 11.7%, respectively. When evaluating the effectiveness of feeding lactating cows feed mixtures with mineral additive in the summer, it turned out that the level of profitability of milk production in the experimental group was greater by 2.77% compared with the control group, which was fed feed mixture without a mineral additive.
Space images as one of the tools for the rangelands condition assessment in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kabzhanova G. R. , Kurmasheva A. Zh. , Alibayeva M. T. , Bisembaev A. T. 
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Kazakhstan possesses enormous pasture resources, which in turn requires proper management and regulation. Drought, climate change, plant degradation and declining grazing resources have led to a shortage of feed , which led to massive livestock deaths in 2021. Lack of up-to-date information on the condition of rangelands is the main problem for Kazakhstan. The use of Earth remote sensing data makes it possible to obtain important information about the dynamic and spatial characteristics of pasture vegetation. Methodological substantiation of remote sensing data for the assessment of pasture lands formed the basis of the conducted research. Detailed and regularly updated results of assessing the rangelands condition based on space monitoring data will increase the efficiency of using the country’s pasture resources.Materials and methods. For remote assessment of pasture lands the following methods were used: cartographic, geographical, mathematical, methods of spatial analysis of remote sensing data and geoinformation design. Optical images from KazEOSat-2 and Sentinel-2 satellites for 2021, the results of a field survey, online platforms Land Viewer from EOS and Earth Explorer from USGS were used to mapping the main indicators of pasture lands of the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a remote sensing data.Results. This article presents the results of using space monitoring methods to assess the condition and productivity of rangelands on the example of one region of Kazakhstan. Interpretation methods of remote sensing data using field data decryption and verification of data, initial cartographic data and geobotanical analysis of reference territories have been substantiated. The main stages of data processing are presented. Based on the results of the work, schematic maps of the main indicators of the pastures of the studied territory were developed according to remote sensing data, information was formed on the parameters of the productivity of the pastures of the studied territory.
Influence of the methods of the basic soil treatment on the yield of spring barley under the conditions of the Rostov region
Authors: Ryabtseva N. A. 
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Because of difficult economic conditions, sanctions applied to Russian Federation, the issue of resource conservation is becoming more and more urgent. Finding ways to reduce costs in the tillage system is a top priority, which determines the relevance of our research. Empirical studies are aimed at studying the influence of methods of basic tillage on the yield of spring barley.Methods. Object of research: spring barley plants of the Prairie variety. Mеthods of tillage for spring barley: 1. Plowing (control) — 20 cm (POM–4/7); 2. Combined — 14 cm (AKSO-4); 3. Combined — 8 cm (AKM-4). 4. Without tillage. The total area under the experiments is 4 hectares, the area of each variant is 1 hectare, according to the main observations, the repetition is 3 times. The link of the crop rotation is sunflower — spring barley. The soils of the experimental site are ordinary chernozem.Results. The greatest compaction of the arable layer during the growing season was with the absence of tillage — from 1,26 g/cm3 to 1,29 g/cm3. During the growing season, the porosity of the arable soil layer decreased in all variants, the greatest trend was in the variant with plowing by 15%. The effectiveness of combined mulching treatments is undoubtedly positive: the reserves of productive moisture in the spring in the meter layer were higher than after plowing. In the variant without tillage, the moisture reserves before sowing were 15 mm higher compared to the control. The method of basic tillage affected the abundance of weeds in barley crops. The smallest number of weeds in the tillering phase of spring barley was against the background of plowing — 36 pcs./m2. By harvesting, the contamination of crops increased in all variants, as well as their mass by 3,1–3,5 times. A significant increase in yield was on the variants with combined processing to a depth of 8 cm and without tillage, as well as a high profitability of 110–117%.
Synthesis of an optimal radiation model of plant growth according to the criterion of the minimum of integral solar radiation transmitted to the soil
Authors: Asadov G. H. , Mahmudova V. Kh. 
Published: June 2022

Relevance. Based on satellite remote sensing data, it has been suggested that there is a linear relationship between NDVI and FPAR. However, the significant influence of seasonal factors of a particular ecosystem on this relationship creates uncertainty in the assessment of plant productivity by remote sensing. This uncertainty in the estimates of total grown products (GPP) by the indicator calculated as the ratio of GPP to photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation can be explained by daily changes in incoming optical radiation both in composition and magnitude. It is shown that the GPP indicator can be determined indirectly by calculating the extremum of the heat flow of the soil coming from the outside.Methods. A new approach to the synthesis of the optimal radiation regime of plant growth based on the methodology of optimization of isomorphic-holonomic systems is proposed. The basis of the proposed method for the synthesis of the radiation regime of plant growth is taking into account the total radiation coming from above to the crown of the plant, the peculiarity of this approach is to find a minimum of that part of the externally incoming photosynthetically active radiation that reaches the soil and is not spent on photosynthesis, provided that the production of the initially specified product is guaranteed. The optimization problem of achieving an extreme value of the total radiation coming from outside into the soil is formulated in the form of an unconditional variational optimization problem with a common target optimization functional. An approximate solution of the optimization problem is given, in which the target functional reaches a minimum, i.e. the maximum amount of external radiation is spent on the photosynthesis process.Results. A solution is obtained at which the target functional reaches a minimum, i.e. the maximum amount of external radiation is spent on the photosynthesis process. It is shown that the application of the known method of unconditional variational optimization with a guaranteed given value of GPP allows us to determine the optimal radiation regime of plant growth.