bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: Autonomic and endocrine response in the process of brain death in a child with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Authors: Hayashi Kenichiro , Uchida Kaname , Ota Hidehito , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Maezawa Mieko , Matsui Hikoro 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe causes of brain death include cerebral herniation and brainstem ischemia. Neuroendocrine failure or a series of autonomic nervous system disorders are clinically recognized in the transition to brain death among patients with critical brain injuries. An accurate evaluation of these physiologic instabilities and biomarkers is essential to assess the severity and prognosis of pediatric brain injury as well as to initiate supportive care. This case report presents a detailed evaluation of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine function during the transition to brain death in infantile hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by analyzing the heart rate variability and endocrine status.Case PresentationA 1-year-old previously healthy boy went into cardiac arrest after choking on a toy at home. Although spontaneous circulation returned 60 min after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, no cerebral activity or brainstem reflexes were observed after 18 hospital days. The heart rate variability was assessed by analyzing the generic electrocardiogram data. Rapid spikes or drops in the total power of the heart rate variability, accompanied by a cortisol surge, as well as an alternating surge of high- and low-frequency domain variables were detected in the process of brain death.ConclusionThe heart rate variability assessment combined with endocrine provides a better understanding of the clinical course of patients undergoing brain death. It accurately detects the loss of brainstem function, which allows physicians to provide the appropriate supportive care.
Yishen Huashi Granules Ameliorated the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy by Reducing the Damage of Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Li Minyi , Xiang Qian , Lie Beifeng , Chen Deqi , Wang Weiming , Li Xuling , Xu Tiancheng , Zhang Xi , Li Yuntong , Dong Ruixue , Du Xinwen , Wang Yilin , Yang Junzheng , He Bao , Zhu Quan , Duan Tingting , Li Zhenghai , Xu Youhua 
Published: July 2022

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. At present, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers have been applied as first-class drugs to restrain development of DN; however, its long-term effect is limited. Recent evidence has shown definite effects of Chinese medicine on DN. Yishen Huashi (YSHS) granule is a traditional Chinese Medicine prescription that has been used in the clinic to treat DN, but its mechanism is not understood.Methods: In the present study, both in vitro and in vivo studies were carried out. The DN model was induced by STZ in Wistar rats, and GEnC and HPC cell lines were applied in the in vitro study. Quality of YSHS was evaluated by LC-MS/MS. A metabolomic study of urine was carried out by LC-MS; influence of YSHS on composition of DN was analyzed by network pharmacology. Mechanism of the YSHS on DN was analyzed by Q-PCR, Western Blot, and multi-immunological methods.Results: We found YSHS administration significantly reduced levels of HbA1c and mALB. Histopathological analysis found that YSHS preserved integrity of glomerular filtration barrier by preserving viability of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes, inhibiting glomerular fibrosis, reducing oxidative stress damage, and enhancing cross-talk among glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. Network pharmacology, differential metabolite analysis, as well as intracellular pathway experimental study demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway played a pivotal role in it.Conclusion: Our present findings supplied new understanding toward the mechanism of YSHS on inhibiting DN.
Isobavachalcone From Cullen corylifolium Presents Significant Antibacterial Activity Against Clostridium difficile Through Disruption of the Cell Membrane
Authors: Liu Xi-Wang , Yang Ya-Jun , Qin Zhe , Li Shi-Hong , Bai Li-Xia , Ge Wen-Bo , Li Jian-Yong 
Published: July 2022

Background:Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been widely reported in human and animals around the world over the past few decades. The high relapse rate and increasing drug resistance of CDI make the discovery of new agents against C. difficile fairly urgent. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity against C. difficile from traditional Chinese herb medicine Cullen corylifolium and confirm its active components.Methods: Phenolic extract from the seeds of C. corylifolium was prepared routinely and the contents of relative flavonoids were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). In vitro antibacterial activities of the phenolic extract and its major components were tested. The influence of the major components on cell membrane was investigated with membrane integrity by SEM and propidium iodid uptake assay. Cytotoxicity of the extract and its active compounds on Caco-2 cell line was assessed by CCK-8 kit. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of IBCL was evaluated on the mice model.Results: Phenolic extract was found to be active against C. difficile with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 8 μg/mL. As the major component of the extract, IBCL was the most active compound against C. difficile. The MIC of IBCL and 4MBCL were 4 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, respectively. Meanwhile, PFPE, IBCL, and 4MBCL showed rapid bactericidal effect against C. difficile in 1 h, which was significant compared to antibiotic vancomycin. Mechanism studies revealed that IBCL can disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane, which may lead to the death of bacteria. PFPE was low cytotoxic against Caco-2 cells, and the cytotoxicity of IBCL and 4MBCL were moderate. Symptoms of CDI were effectively alleviated by IBCL on the mice model and weight loss was reduced. From death rates, IBCL showed better efficacy compared to vancomycin at 50 mg/kg dosage.Conclusion: As the major component of phenolic extract of C. corylifolium seeds, IBCL showed significant antibacterial activity against C. difficile in vitro and rapidly killed the bacteria by disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane. IBCL can significantly prevent weight loss and reduce death caused by CDI on the mice model. Therefore, IBCL may be a promising lead compound or drug candidate for CDI.
Ambient Air Pollution and Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction in Chongqing, China: A Time-Stratified Case Crossover Analysis
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Liu Xing , Yuan Ming , Yang Ying , Chen Hao , Li Mengmeng , Luo Pan , Duan Yong , Fan Jie , Liu Leqi , Zhou Li 
Published: July 2022

Previous studies have demonstrated that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases, but the evidence of its effects on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in East Asian countries is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and AMI hospitalizations in Chongqing, China. This time-stratified case-crossover study included 872 patients with AMI from three hospitals in Chongqing from January 2015 to December 2016. Exposures were compared between days with AMI (case days) and days without AMI (control days). Spearman’s correlation coefficient was applied to explore the correlation between air pollutants and meteorological conditions. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the associations between air pollution exposure with different lag periods and AMI hospitalizations. Stratification analysis was further implemented by sex, age, and season. Hospitalizations for AMI were signifficantly associated with air pollution. All analyzed air pollutants showed lag-specific at lag 0 day and lag 01 day, whereas a 10 μg/m3 increase of average concentrations in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO was associated with 1.034% (95% CI: 1.003–1.067%), 1.035% (95% CI:1.015–1.056%), 1.231% (95% CI: 1.053–1.438%), 1.062% (95% CI: 1.018–1.107%), and 1.406% (95% CI: 1.059–1.866%) increase in hospitalizations for AMI, respectively. No effect modifications were detected for sex, age, and season. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO contributes to increase AMI hospitalizations, which have public health implications for primary prevention and emergency health services.
Myths and Misconceptions of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation: Getting Past the Noise and on to the Signal
Authors: Andrews Penny , Shiber Joseph , Madden Maria , Nieman Gary F. , Camporota Luigi , Habashi Nader M. 
Published: July 2022

In the pursuit of science, competitive ideas and debate are necessary means to attain knowledge and expose our ignorance. To quote Murray Gell-Mann (1969 Nobel Prize laureate in Physics): “Scientific orthodoxy kills truth”. In mechanical ventilation, the goal is to provide the best approach to support patients with respiratory failure until the underlying disease resolves, while minimizing iatrogenic damage. This compromise characterizes the philosophy behind the concept of “lung protective” ventilation. Unfortunately, inadequacies of the current conceptual model–that focuses exclusively on a nominal value of low tidal volume and promotes shrinking of the “baby lung” - is reflected in the high mortality rate of patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data call for exploration and investigation of competitive models evaluated thoroughly through a scientific process. Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) is one of the most studied yet controversial modes of mechanical ventilation that shows promise in experimental and clinical data. Over the last 3 decades APRV has evolved from a rescue strategy to a preemptive lung injury prevention approach with potential to stabilize the lung and restore alveolar homogeneity. However, several obstacles have so far impeded the evaluation of APRV’s clinical efficacy in large, randomized trials. For instance, there is no universally accepted standardized method of setting APRV and thus, it is not established whether its effects on clinical outcomes are due to the ventilator mode per se or the method applied. In addition, one distinctive issue that hinders proper scientific evaluation of APRV is the ubiquitous presence of myths and misconceptions repeatedly presented in the literature. In this review we discuss some of these misleading notions and present data to advance scientific discourse around the uses and misuses of APRV in the current literature.
Appsolutely secure? Psychometric properties of the German version of an app information privacy concerns measure during COVID-19
Authors: Tomczyk Samuel 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionPrivacy concerns are an important barrier to adoption and continued use of digital technologies, particularly in the health sector. With the introduction of mobile health applications (mHealth apps), the construct of app information privacy concerns has received increased attention. However, few validated measures exist to capture said concerns in population samples, although they can help to improve public health efforts.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional survey of German adults (mean age = 35.62; 63.5% female), this study examined psychometric properties of the app information privacy concerns scale (AIPC). Analyses comprised confirmatory factor analysis, factorial validity (exploratory factor analysis), internal consistency, convergent validity (i.e., correlations with privacy victimhood, and app privacy concerns), and discriminant validity (i.e., daily app use, adoption intentions, and attitudes toward COVID-19 contact tracing app use).ResultsThe analysis did not support the proposed three-factor structure of the AIPC (i.e., anxiety, personal attitude, and requirements). Instead, a four-factor model was preferable that differentiated requirements regarding disclosure policies, and personal control. In addition, factors mirroring anxiety and personal attitude were extracted, but shared a significant overlap. However, these factors showed good reliability, convergent and discriminant validity.DiscussionThe findings underline the role of app information privacy concerns as a significant barrier to mHealth app use. In this context, anxiety and personal attitudes seemed particularly relevant, which has implications for health communication. Moreover, the observed differentiation of external (disclosure) and internal (control) requirements aligns with health behavior change models and thus is a promising area for future research.
Children neuropsychological and behavioral scale-revision 2016 in the early detection of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chen Shuling , Zhao Jinzhu , Hu Xiaolin , Tang Lina , Li Jinhui , Wu Dandan , Yan Tian , Xu Lu , Chen Min , Huang Shan , Hao Yan 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016 (CNBS-R2016) is a widely used developmental assessment tool for children aged 0–6 years in China. The communication warning behavior subscale of CNBS-R2016 is used to assess the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and its value of &gt;30 points indicates ASD based on CNBS-R2016. However, we observed that children with relatively lower values were also diagnosed with ASD later on in clinical practice. Thus, this study aimed to identify the suitable cutoff value for ASD screening recommended by the communication warning behavior of CNBS-R2016.Materials and methodsA total of 90 typically developing (TD) children and 316 children with developmental disorders such as ASD, developmental language disorder (DLD), and global developmental delay (GDD; 130 in the ASD group, 100 in the DLD group, and 86 in the GDD group) were enrolled in this study. All subjects were evaluated based on the CNBS-R2016. The newly recommended cutoff value of communication warning behavior for screening ASD was analyzed with receiver operating curves.ResultsChildren in the ASD group presented with lower developmental levels than TD, DLD, and GDD groups in overall developmental quotient assessed by CNBS-R2016. We compared the consistency between the scores of communication warning behavior subscale and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (ADOS-2), and clinical diagnosis for the classification of ASD at a value of 30 based on the previously and newly recommended cutoff value of 12 by the CNBS-R2016. The Kappa values between the communication warning behavior and ABC, CARS, ADOS-2, and clinical diagnosis were 0.494, 0.476, 0.137, and 0.529, respectively, with an agreement rate of 76.90%, 76.26%, 52.03%, and 82.27%, respectively, when the cutoff point was 30. The corresponding Kappa values were 0.891, 0.816, 0.613, and 0.844, respectively, and the corresponding agreement rate was 94.62%, 90.82%, 90.54%, and 93.10%, respectively, when the cutoff point was 12.ConclusionThe communication warning behavior subscale of CNBS-R2016 is important for screening ASD. When the communication warning behavior score is 12 points or greater, considerable attention and further comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for ASD are required to achieve the early detection and diagnosis of ASD in children.
Peri-Ictal Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Persons With Epileptic and Non-epileptic Seizures
Authors: Hopp Jennifer , Pahlavan Autusa , Richert Mary , Grimes Kathryn , Turlington Kate , Cassady Maureen , Kvarta Mark D. , Thompson Scott M. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that epileptic, but not non-epileptic, seizures would produce an improvement in comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms in the peri-ictal period, much like the antidepressant effects of electroconvulsive therapy.MethodsWe examined depression and anxiety symptoms in patients admitted to an inpatient unit for continuous video electroencephalography as part of routine clinical care. Patients completed three questionnaires that included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) after admission, in the 24 h following a seizure, then again 2 weeks after the last seizure.ResultsIn patients with epilepsy, depression and anxiety scores improved in the 24 hrs following a seizure (change in BDI = 24%; change in MADRS = 19%; change in BAI = 21%) but returned toward baseline after 2 weeks. In patients with non-epileptic seizures, depression and anxiety scores also improved in the 24 hrs following a psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (change in BDI = 17%, change in MADRS = 27%, change in BAI = 36%). There was a greater improvement in depression and anxiety scores in patients with focal-onset epilepsy (BDI = 30%, MADRS = 22%, BAI = 30%) compared to generalized seizure onset (BDI = 6%, MADRS = 12%, BAI = 8%).ConclusionWe conclude that single seizures can result in transient improvements in mood. Because seizures need not be generalized or epileptic to exert this effect, the underlying mechanisms are uncertain.
Mental Health Status of Teachers During the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Tanvir , Islam Md. Akhtarul , Jahan Nusrat , Nahar Mst. Tanmin , Sarker Md. Juwel Ahmed , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Deeba Farah , Hoque Kazi Enamul , Aktar Rina , Islam Md. Mazharul , Hossain Mohammed Zaber , Siddiqua Laila , Mahbub Zisan , Islam Md. Nazrul 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFollowing the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Bangladesh implemented strict non-therapeutic measures, i.e., “social distancing,” “lockdown,” “work from home,” in the first quarter of 2020. Like other professionals, teachers at schools, colleges and universities were confined within households. However, the introduction of online education imposed an additional burden on teachers along with growing household responsibilities, thus, affecting their psychological state.AimsThis study was aimed to explore the prevalence of mental health problems among teachers in Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors.MethodsThis web-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 381 teachers working at schools, colleges, and universities between 01 August and 29 August 2021 by administering a self-reported e-questionnaire using Google Form, where the mental health of teachers was assessed by depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26) and STATA Version 16, and multiple linear regression was executed to predict mental health problems among teachers.ResultsThe findings indicate that the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among teachers was 35.4%, 43.7%, and 6.6%, respectively. The prevalence was higher among male and older teachers than among their female and younger colleagues. The findings further showed that place of residence, institution, self-reported health, usage of social and electronic media, and fear of COVID-19 significantly influenced the mental health status of teachers.ConclusionIt is strongly recommended that the government and policymakers provide proper mental health services to teachers in order to reduce mental health problems and thus sustain the quality of education during and after the pandemic.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Comprehensive Smoking-Cessation Interventions Based on the Community and Hospital Collaboration
Authors: Qin Tingting , Jin Qianying , Li Xingming , Bai Xinyuan , Qiao Kun , Gu Mingyu , Wang Yao 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of cigarette smoking in China is high and the utilization of smoking cessation clinics is very low. Multicomponent smoking cessation interventions involving community and hospital collaboration have the potential to increase the smoking cessation rate. However, the cost-effectiveness of this intervention model is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a smoking cessation intervention trial in 19 community health service centers in Beijing, China. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from a societal perspective to compare three strategies of smoking cessation: no intervention (NI), pharmacological intervention (PI), and comprehensive intervention (CI) (PI plus online health promotion). A Markov model, with a time horizon of 20 years, was used to simulate the natural progression of estimated 10,000 male smokers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain data on costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) by using the five-level EuroQol-5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to explore parameters of uncertainty in the model.ResultsA total of 680 participants were included in this study, including 283 in the PI group and 397 in the CI group. After 6 months of follow-up, the smoking cessation rate reached 30.0% in the CI group and 21.2% in the PI group. Using the Markov model, compared with the NI group, the intervention strategies of the PI group and the CI group were found to be cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $535.62/QALY and $366.19/QALY, respectively. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that the CI strategy was always the most cost-effective intervention.ConclusionCI for smoking cessation, based in hospital and community in China, is more cost-effective than PI alone. Therefore, this smoking cessation model should be considered to be implemented in healthcare settings.
Prevalence of myopia: A large-scale population-based study among children and adolescents in weifang, china
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Zhenhua , Ren Jiantao , Wang Wenting , Dai Jiazhen , Li Cong , Huang Xudong , Sun Xianyong , Liu Lei , Wang Chunping 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents at the whole city level of Weifang, China.MethodsThis study was a large scale school-based cross-sectional study among children and adolescents aged 5–20 years old. Participants were selected by the school-based registration system in 2020. All the subjects underwent spherical equivalent (SE) error with non-cycloplegic autorefraction measurement. Myopia was defined as an SE refraction of ≤-0.75 diopters (D) and graded into low myopia (−0.75 to −3.00 D), moderate myopia (−3.01 to −5.99 D), and high myopia (≤-6.00 D).ResultsA total of 1,059,838 participants were eligible for this survey and 1,013,206 (95.6% participation rate) were selected through data quality control, which comprised 17 districts/counties and 1,254 schools, including 861 elementary schools, 313 middle schools, and 80 high schools. The mean age of participants was 11.57 ± 3.36 years (5–20 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.11. The whole city-level prevalence of total myopia was 75.35%. The prevalence of total myopia among the students in the Hanting District was 45.47%, but ≈82.37% of students living in Changyi have myopia. The overall prevalence of low myopia in elementary, middle, and high school students was 48.56, 47.30, and 31.62%, respectively, while high myopia (SE ≤ −6.00 D) prevalence was 1.12, 8.89, and 20.12%, respectively. The overall prevalence of myopia increased fastest in children aged 7–9 years old. The prevalence of high myopia was 7.59% for girls and 6.43% for boys, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with increasing age and grade, but SE decreased with increasing age and grade.ConclusionsThe current investigation demonstrated a high proportion of myopia among school students in the city of Weifang, and gradually increased with age, and the prevalence of myopia was the highest in Changyi areas. The high myopia prevalence for girls was higher than that in boys.