bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The failure mode of a mechanically loaded equine medial femoral condyle analog with a void and the impact of lag and neutral screw placement
Authors: Moreno Caitlin R. , Santschi Elizabeth M. , Younkin Jarrod T. , Larson Robert L. , Litsky Alan S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the failure method of simulated equine medial femoral condyle (MFC) subchondral bone defects under compression and the influence of screw placement on failure resistance.Study DesignIn vitro study.Sample PopulationComposite disks (CD) simulating the moduli of yearling bone in the MFC.MethodsFour CD conditions were tested, all with a 12.7 mm void (n = 6 per condition): intact (no void), void only, void with a 4.5 mm screw placed in neutral fashion, and void with a 4.5 mm screw placed in lag fashion. Composite disks of each condition were tested under monotonic compression to 6000 N and cyclic compression to 10 000 cycles. Observable failure, load at first observable failure, and displacement at peak 2000 N load were compared among conditions.ResultsSpecimens failed by cracking at the superior aspect of the void or the screw exit hole. After monotonic loading, cracks were observed 6/6 CD with a void, 6/6 CD with a void/lag screw, and 5/6 CD with a void/neutral screw. After cyclical testing, cracks were noted only on the superior aspect of 6/6 CD with a void and 3/6 CD with a void/lag screw. Displacement at peak load was 0.06 mm (intact), 0.32 mm (void), 0.24 mm (void/lag screw), and 0.11 mm (void/neutral screw).ConclusionModel MFC voids failed by superior cracking that was resisted by lag and neutral screw placement.Clinical SignificanceNeutral screws may be an acceptable treatment for subchondral lucencies in the MFC.
Diarrhoeal pathogenesis in Salmonella infection may result from an imbalance in intestinal epithelial differentiation through reduced Notch signalling
Authors: Quach Andrew , Jayaratne Rashini R. , Lee Beom Jae , Ibeawuchi Stella‐Rita , Lim Eileen , Das Soumita , Barrett Kim E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInfections with non‐typhoidal Salmonella spp. represent the most burdensome foodborne illnesses worldwide, yet despite their prevalence, the mechanism through which Salmonella elicits diarrhoea is not entirely known. Intestinal ion transporters play important roles in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the intestine. We have previously shown that infection with Salmonella caused decreased colonic expression of the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger SLC26A3 (down‐regulated in adenoma; DRA) in a mouse model. In this study, we focused on the mechanism of DRA downregulation during Salmonella infection, by using murine epithelial enteroid‐derived monolayers (EDMs). The decrease in DRA expression caused by infection was recapitulated in EDMs and accompanied by increased expression of Atonal Homolog 1 (ATOH1), the goblet cell marker Muc2 and the enteroendocrine cell marker ChgA. This suggested biased epithelial differentiation towards the secretory, rather than absorptive phenotype. In addition, the downstream Notch effector, Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Hes1 were decreased following Salmonella infection. The relevance of Notch signalling was further investigated using a γ‐secretase inhibitor, which recapitulated the downregulation in Hes1 and DRA as well as upregulation in ATOH1 and Muc2 seen following infection. Our findings suggest that Salmonella infection may result in a shift from absorptive to secretory cell types through Notch inhibition, which explains why there is a decreased capacity for absorption and ultimately the accumulation of diarrhoeal fluid. Our work also shows the value of EDMs as a model to investigate mechanisms that might be targeted for therapy of diarrhoea caused by Salmonella infection.Key points
Salmonella is a leading foodborne pathogen known to cause high‐chloride‐content diarrhoea.
Salmonella infection of murine enteroid‐derived monolayers decreased DRA expression.
Salmonella infection resulted in upregulation of the secretory epithelial marker ATOH1, the goblet cell marker Muc2 and the enteroendocrine cell marker ChgA.
Downregulation of DRA may result from infection‐induced Notch inhibition, as reflected by decreased expression of Notch intracellular domain and Hes1, as well as from decreased HNF1α signalling.
The imbalance in intestinal epithelial differentiation favouring secretory over absorptive cell types is a possible mechanism by which Salmonella elicits diarrhoea and may be relevant therapeutically.
Protective Masks Utilizing Nonendangered Components
Authors: Griffin Linsey , Yu Minji , Cloet Alison , Arnold Susan , Carlson Neil , Hillmyer Marc , Ou Qisheng , Pei Chenxing , Cao Qingfeng , Pui David , Franklin Rhonda , Durfee William 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic when traditional N95 respirators were in short supply in the United States, there was a need for alternative products that did not rely on traditional avenues of sourcing and manufacturing. The purpose of this research was to develop and test alternatives to N95 respirators that could be produced locally without specialized materials and processes. Through an interdisciplinary team of experts, new mask designs that use repurposed filtration media and commercially available components were developed and tested for filtration and fit against current N95 standards. Filtration efficiency test results showed that the filtration media can be used for high-quality facemasks and quantitative fit testing demonstrated that the new mask designs could be viable alternatives to traditional N95 facemasks when those masks are in short supply. Manufacturing viability was tested utilizing a workforce to create 6000 masks over 10 days. The ability to quickly produce masks at scale using a workforce without specialized skills demonstrated the feasibility of the mask designs and manufacturing approach to address shortages of critical healthcare equipment, mitigate risk for healthcare and essential workers, and minimize the transmission and spread of disease.
Comprehensive mapping of NICU developmental care nursing interventions and related sensitive outcome indicators: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Héon Marjolaine , Aita Marilyn , Lavallée Andréane , De Clifford-Faugère Gwenaëlle , Laporte Geneviève , Boisvert Annie , Feeley Nancy 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionNeurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infant are still a contemporary concern. To counter the detrimental effects resulting from the hospitalisation in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), developmental care (DC) interventions have emerged as a philosophy of care aimed at protecting and enhancing preterm infant’s development and promoting parental outcomes. In the past two decades, many authors have suggested DC models, core measures, practice guidelines and standards of care but outlined different groupings of interventions rather than specific interventions that can be used in NICU clinical practice. Moreover, as these DC interventions are mostly implemented by neonatal nurses, it would be strategic and valuable to identify specific outcome indicators to make visible the contribution of NICU nurses to DC.ObjectivesThe overarching objective of this review is to identify the nature, range, and extent of the literature regarding DC nursing interventions for preterm infants in the NICU. The secondary twofold objectives are to highlight interventions that fall into identified categories of DC interventions and suggest nursing-sensitive outcome indicators related to DC interventions in the NICU.Inclusion criteriaPapers reporting on or discussing a DC nursing intervention during NICU hospitalisation will be included.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for scoping reviews will be followed. CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and PsycInfo databases from 2009 to the present will be searched. Any type of paper, published in English or French, will be considered. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted by pairs of two review authors independently. A qualitative content analysis will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationNo Institutional Review Board ethical approbation is needed. Results of this review will be presented in scientific meetings and published in refereed papers.
Exercise improves sleep quality in older adults: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Yi , Yu Jing , Li Dongze , Jia Yu , Zhang Qin , Gao Yongli , Wan Zhi , Wei Wei 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSleep disturbance is a common problem among the elderly and is associated with physical and mental health. Exercise has been reported as an alternative therapeutic strategy for people with sleep disturbances. However, this topic has not been systematically reviewed for older adults. This study was conducted to provide a protocol to systematically evaluate the effects of exercise on sleep quality in the elderly.Methods and analysisAn electronic search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases will be performed with no language restrictions, and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. The reviewers will discuss and resolve any differences, and a third reviewer will be consulted in cases of uncertainty. Randomised controlled trials will be selected. The primary outcome will be an objective measurement of sleep quality (eg, polysomnography). The secondary outcomes will be self-reported sleep quality (using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale), and adverse events (such as falls and fractures). RevMan V.5.3.5 and Stata V.16.0 software will be used for meta-analysis. If the heterogeneity tests show slight or no statistical heterogeneity, the fixed effects model will be used; in other cases, the random effect model will be used for data synthesis.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol does not require ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021287980.
Association of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with asthma: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Min Chanyang , Lee Chang Ho , Kim So Young 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in asthma patients.DesignA longitudinal follow-up study using a retrospective cohortSettingThe 2002–2013 Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening CohortParticipants and interventionsThe ≥40 years old Korean population were enrolled. The asthma patients were 1:1 matched with the control group for age, sex, income and region of residence.Main outcome measureThe occurrence of SSNHL was followed in both asthma and control groups. The stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used. Age, sex, income and region of residence were stratified, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and atopic dermatitis histories were adjusted. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age, sex, obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption.ResultsThe results showed that 1.0% (877/90 564) of the asthma group and 0.8% (706/90,564) of the control group exhibited SSNHL (p<0.001). The asthma group demonstrated a higher HR for SSNHL than the control group (adjusted HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.36, p<0.001). According to age and sex, the female subgroup showed elevated HRs for SSNHL in asthma patients. Both the non-smoker and current smoker groups demonstrated higher HRs for SSNHL in asthma patients than in controls. According to alcohol consumption or obesity, the <1 time a week alcohol consumption group and normal weight and severe obesity groups showed higher HRs for SSNHL in asthma patients than in the controls.ConclusionsAdult asthma patients had a higher risk of SSNHL than the control participants matched for demographic and socioeconomic factors.
Incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in China: a large cohort study using claim data
Authors: Wu Yiqun , Yang Mo , Gao Pei , Wang Zijing , Wu Junhui , Wang Jiating , Xu Quangang , Zhou Huanfen , Wu Tao , Wu Weiping , Wei Shihui , Hu Yong-Hua 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesPopulation-based studies estimating the incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) in Asia are limited, and the relationship between latitude and incidence has been scarcely investigated. We aimed to estimate the incidence of NMOSDs in Chinese adults and explore their relationship to latitude.DesignCohort study based on data from the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance in China.Participants177 million people were followed from 2016 to 2017 in 20 provinces.Primary outcome measuresThe incidence rate was estimated by Poisson distribution and reported as age-adjusted and sex-adjusted rates using the standard population.ResultsThere were 1313 incident NMOSD cases, with an overall incidence of 0.41 (95% CIs: 0.39 to 0.43) per 100 000 person-years. The incidence in females was higher, with a female-to-male IRR of 4.52. The incidence increased with age, peaking at 55–64 years in females and 65–74 years in males and then decreasing thereafter. The female-to-male IRRs were higher in those <55 years. The association between latitude and incidence was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe incidence of NMOSD in Chinese adults was 0.41 per 100 000 person-years. There is no latitude gradient observed. Sex and age influence the risk of NMOSD, suggesting the role of genetic, hormonal and other related factors in the pathophysiology.
Collecting genetic samples and linked mental health data from adolescents in schools: protocol coproduction and a mixed-methods pilot of feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Warne Naomi , Rook Sarah , Bevan Jones Rhys , Brown Rachel , Bates Lesley , Hopkins-Jones Lucinda , Evans Alexandra , Hall Jeremy , Langley Kate , Thapar Anita , Walters James , Murphy Simon , Moore Graham , Rice Frances , Collishaw Stephan 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo coproduce a school-based protocol and examine acceptability and feasibility of collecting saliva samples for genetic studies from secondary/high school students for the purpose of mental health research.DesignProtocol coproduction and mixed-methods feasibility pilot.SettingSecondary schools in Wales, UK.ParticipantsStudents aged 11–13 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCoproduced research protocol including an interactive science workshop delivered in schools; school, parental and student recruitment rates; adherence to protocol and adverse events; ability to extract and genotype saliva samples; student enjoyment of the science workshop and qualitative analysis of teacher focus groups on acceptability and feasibility.ResultsFive secondary schools participated in the coproduction phase, and three of these took part in the research study (eligible sample n=868 students). Four further schools were subsequently approached, but none participated. Parental opt-in consent was received from 98 parents (11.3% eligible sample), three parents (0.3%) actively refused and responses were not received for 767 (88.4%) parents. We obtained saliva samples plus consent for data linkage for 79 students. Only one sample was of insufficient quality to be genotyped. The science workshop received positive feedback from students. Feedback from teachers showed that undertaking research like this in schools is viewed as acceptable in principle, potentially feasible, but that there are important procedural barriers to be overcome. Key recommendations include establishing close working relationships between the research team and school classroom staff, together with improved methods for communicating with and engaging parents.ConclusionsThere are major challenges to undertaking large-scale genetic mental health research in secondary schools. Such research may be acceptable in principle, and in practice DNA collected from saliva in classrooms is of sufficient quality. However, key challenges that must be overcome include ensuring representative recruitment of schools and sufficient parental engagement where opt-in parental consent is required.
Associations between sensitisation to allergens and allergic diseases: a hospital-based case–control study in China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xie Biao , Liu Meina , Wang Yupeng 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the associations of sensitisation to common allergens with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in adults.DesignCase–control study.SettingData were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in Harbin, China.ParticipantsCases were 5111 patients with physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis (n=2631), allergic asthma (n=1320) and allergic rhinitis (n=1160) recruited from the department of allergy from March 2009 to December 2017. Controls were 2576 healthy adults who underwent physical examination at the same hospital during the same period.Main outcome measuresSpecific IgE levels to 16 common food, indoor and outdoor allergens were assessed in all participants. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for the association between allergen sensitisation and allergic diseases were estimated using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of allergen sensitisation was higher in patients with atopic dermatitis (indoor=17.14%, outdoor=12.85%, food=21.44%), allergic rhinitis (indoor=23.18%, outdoor=26.81%, food=8.94%) and allergic asthma (indoor=24.65%, outdoor=16.46%, food=14.31%) compared with controls (indoor=11.03%, outdoor=6.84%, food=5.83%). After adjustment for potential confounding variables, there was a dose–response relevance between the levels of allergen-specific IgE and allergic diseases (p trend <0.0001). The number of allergens to which a patient was sensitised increased the risk of allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis: highest adjusted OR=4.28, 95% CI 2.57 to 7.11; allergic rhinitis: highest adjusted OR=13.00, 95% CI 3.76 to 45.00; allergic asthma: OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.37).ConclusionThere was a dose–response relevance between levels of allergen-specific IgE and allergic diseases’ prevalence, and multiple sensitisations increased the risk of allergic diseases. This study provides evidence for the prophylaxis of allergic diseases.
FTACMT study protocol: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of faecal microbiota transplantation for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chen Ye , Xueying Zhang , Jiaqu Cui , Qiyi Chen , Huanlong Qin , Ning Li , Yasong Du , Xiaoxin Zhao , Rong Yang , Jubao Lu , Xiaoqiong Lv , Chunlian Ma , Yu Wang , Shidong Chen , Guifang Kuang , Dongmei Zhao , Shuanfeng Fang , Xujing Zhang , Binrang Yang , Yanxia Wang , Ling Li , Song Yuan , Xiang Zhou , Beihua Zhang , Lin Jiang , Hong Ji 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated diffuse developmental disorder that commonly involves gastrointestinal distress and dysbacteriosis. Emerging lines of evidence have shown faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with ASD by re-establishing their intestinal microflora. We are undertaking the first-ever multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial of FMT for the treatment of children with both ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms and will assess the feasibility and efficacy outcomes of this strategy.MethodsIn total, 318 children with both ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms will be enrolled (from 15 hospitals in China) to receive either FMT intervention (n=212) or a placebo (control, n=106). Children aged 3–6 years will take two capsules two times a day, and those older than 6 years will take three capsules two times a day. Each patient will receive four treatment courses, with each 12-day course being repeated every month. Outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, throughout the period of intervention, and at subsequent follow-ups for 2 months. The primary trial objective is to investigate the remodelling effect of FMT on the intestinal microflora in patients with ASD. The secondary objective focuses on the clinical efficacy and safety of FMT, including its improvement of the clinical response and metabonomics.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the hospital Ethics Committee of each Faecal Transfer for ASD China Multicenter Trial Working Group. The ongoing FMT clinical trial is intended to support the approval of the new technology and its administration. The results of this trial will provide high-quality evidence to inform the future clinical application of this new therapy.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100043906; Pre-results.
Prospective open-label non-inferiority randomised controlled trial comparing letrozole and mifepristone pretreatment in medical management of first trimester missed miscarriage: study protocol
Authors: Du Libei , Li Raymond Hang Wun , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Du Yan Hong , Zhang Li , Diao Wei Yu , Ho Pak Chung 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMedical treatment is a less invasive alternative to surgical management of missed miscarriage. Studies have shown that pretreatment with mifepristone can increase the complete abortion rate in management of first-trimester missed miscarriage compared with misoprostol alone. Two studies have also shown that pretreatment with letrozole could increase the efficacy compared with misoprostol alone. So far, there is no trial comparing letrozole and mifepristone pretreatment for missed miscarriage. We designed this randomised controlled trial to test the hypothesis that for first-trimester missed miscarriage, letrozole pretreatment is non-inferior to mifepristone pretreatment followed by misoprostol in terms of complete abortion rate.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective open-label non-inferiority randomised controlled trial conducted in a single centre. In total, 294 women diagnosed with first-trimester missed miscarriage opting for medical treatment is recruited with informed consent. They are randomly assigned to receive mifepristone or letrozole pretreatment. In the mifepristone group, each woman takes 200 mg mifepristone orally followed 24–48 hours later by 800 µg misoprostol vaginally. In the letrozole group, each woman takes 10 mg letrozole orally per day for 3 days, followed by 800 µg misoprostol vaginally on the third day of letrozole administration. Follow-up is conducted on days 15 and 42 after misoprostol administration. The primary outcome is the overall complete abortion rate. Secondary outcomes include side effects and complications during the study period. Data will be analysed with both intention-to-treat and per protocol approaches. A p<0.05 will be considered as indicating statistical significance.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital with approval number: (2020)166. Findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and in national and/or international meetings to guide future practice.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000041480.