bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applied use of biomechanical measurements from human tissues for the development of medical skills trainers: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kriener Kyleigh , Whiting Harrison , Futter Christopher , Midwinter Mark 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify the availability of quantitative biomechanical measurements from human tissues. This review also considers the primary motivations for collecting biomechanical measurements of human tissues. The overall purpose of our research is to develop medical skills trainers that provide better haptic fidelity than those that are currently available.

Introduction:
Medical skills trainers are commonly used in clinician training, but trainers do not always have the same haptic properties as patients. This could be due to the limited availability or application of documented biomechanical properties of human tissues when developing trainers.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will examine studies that have quantitatively measured the mechanical properties of human tissues. Only macroscopic specimens will be included, and articles primarily considering optical, acoustic, and thermal properties will be excluded. Included sources of evidence are from primary research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and conference proceedings.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Sources of evidence will be extracted from CINAHL, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, Scopus, and biomedical engineering conference proceedings. The search is limited to articles in English. Full articles will be retrieved if their title or abstract meet the inclusion criteria. Tabular, visual, and narrative summaries will be used to present the results.
A Roadmap to Fabricate Geometrically Accurate Three-Dimensional Scaffolds CO-Printed by Natural and Synthetic Polymers
Authors: Quigley Connor , Tuladhar Slesha , Habib Ahasan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising field in regenerating patient-specific tissues and organs due to its inherent capability of releasing biocompatible materials encapsulating living cells in a predefined location. Due to the diverse characteristics of tissues and organs in terms of microstructures and cell types, a multinozzle extrusion-based 3D bioprinting system has gained popularity. The investigations on interactions between various biomaterials and cell-to-material can provide relevant information about the scaffold geometry, cell viability, and proliferation. Natural hydrogels are frequently used in bioprinting materials because of their high-water content and biocompatibility. However, the dominancy of liquid characteristics of only-hydrogel materials makes the printing process challenging. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is the most frequently used synthetic biopolymer. It can provide mechanical integrity to achieve dimensionally accurate fabricated scaffolds, especially for hard tissues such as bone and cartilage scaffolds. In this paper, we explored various multimaterial bioprinting strategies with our recently proposed bio-inks and PCL intending to achieve dimensional accuracy and mechanical aspects. Various strategies were followed to coprint natural and synthetic biopolymers and interactions were analyzed between them. Printability of pure PCL with various molecular weights was optimized with respect to different process parameters such as nozzle temperature, printing pressure, printing speed, porosity, and bed temperature to coprint with natural hydrogels. The relationship between the rheological properties and shape fidelity of natural polymers was investigated with a set of printing strategies during coprinting with PCL. The successful application of this research can help achieve dimensionally accurate scaffolds.
Numerical Investigation of a Coupled Blow-Off/Flashback Process in a High-Pressure Lean-Burn Combustor
Authors: Soli Alessandro , Langella Ivan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Large eddy simulation is used to investigate the flashback mechanism caused by the combustion-induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) in a high-pressure lean-burn annular combustor with lean direct injection of kerosene. A single sector of the geometry, including a central pilot flame surrounded by a main flame, is simulated at takeoff conditions. A previously developed flamelet-based approach is used to model turbulence–combustion interactions due to its relatively low cost, allowing to simulate a sufficiently long time window. In stable operations, the flame stabilizes in an M-shape configuration and a periodic movement of the pilot jet, with the corresponding formation of a small recirculation bubble, is observed. Flashback is then observed, with the flame accelerating upstream toward the injector as already described in other studies. This large eddy simulation (LES), however, reveals a precursor partial blow-out of the main flame induced by a cluster of vortices appearing in the outer recirculation region. The combined effect of vortices and sudden quenching alters the mixing level close to the injector, causing first the main, then the pilot flame, to accelerate upstream, and initiate the CIVB cycle before the quenched region can re-ignite. Main and pilot flames partly extinguish as they cross their respective fuel injection point, and re-ignition follows due to the remnants of the reaction in the pilot stream. The process is investigated in detail, discussing the causes of CIVB-driven flashback in realistic lean-burn systems.
Sociodemographic risk factors, parental stress and social support in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Younge Tamiko , Jacobs Marni , Tuchman Lisa , Streisand Randi , Soghier Lamia , Fratantoni Karen 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveInvestigate relationships among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parent demographics, reported stress and social support.DesignCross-sectional observation.SettingTertiary referral NICU in Mid-Atlantic USA.PatientsParents (n=300) in the Giving Parents Support trial at enrolment.MeasuresPsychometric scales measured general stress, parental stress, NICU stress and social support. Demographic variables included education level, health insurance type, race, relationship status, age and gender. Length of stay was used to control for illness severity. Associations and potential modifying effects were evaluated using linear regression.ResultsHaving less than a college degree (b=−2.52, SE=0.91) and female parent gender (b=−3.42, SE=1.47) were associated with lower parental stress scores. Older age in years was associated with higher parental stress scores (b=0.21, SE=0.07) but lower NICU stress scores (b=−0.01, SE=0.01). Greater social support scores were associated with lower scores of general (b=−2.76, SE=0.39) and parental stress (b=−1.71, SE=0.47). Less than a college degree (b=−0.26, SE=0.11), Medicaid insurance (b=−0.43, SE=0.11) and black race (b=−0.56, SE=0.12) were associated with decreased social support scores. Level of social support modified the relationship between education and parental stress, with higher social support decreasing education-based differences in parental stress scores (p=0.049).ConclusionSociodemographic risk factors may not infer stress or risk in the anticipated direction. Practice and future research should focus on identifying and supporting NICU families at high risk for stress and low support.Trial registration numberNCT02643472.
Parapapillary gamma zone associated with increased peripapillary scleral bowing: the Beijing Eye Study 2011
Authors: Xue Can Can , Wang Xiaofei , Han Ying Xiang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Chun , Wang Ya Xing , Jonas Jost B 
Published: September 2022

AimsTo investigate the association between the backward configuration of the peripapillary sclera (PPS), measured as PPS angle (PPSA), and presence and extent of parapapillary gamma zone.MethodsOut of the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011, we randomly selected individuals free of optic nerve and retinal diseases. With Spectralis optical coherence tomography, we measured gamma zone (zone free of Bruch’s membrane (BM)) and determined the PPSA, defined as the angle between the anterior scleral surface lines from both sides of the optic nerve head (ONH).ResultsThe study included 678 individuals with age of 59.5±7.6 years (range: 50–90) and axial length of 23.5±1.3 mm (20.9–29.2). Gamma zone was more prevalent in eyes with larger PPSA (p=0.006) after adjustment for axial length (p<0.001) and BM opening area (p<0.001). Gamma zone width was positively associated with PPSA, axial length and BM opening area (all p<0.001) in multivariable analysis. Circular gamma zone was accompanied with larger PPSA as compared with focal gamma zone (19.9°±7.2° vs 6.3°±5.3°, p<0.001). Focal temporal gamma and focal inferior gamma had similar mean PPSA (p=0.69). However, the horizontal PPSA was significantly larger than the vertical PPSA in inferior gamma (6.9°±6.3° vs 4.7°±6.6°; p=0.005), while they were comparable in temporal gamma (6.1°±5.8° vs 6.3°±6.4°; p=0.073).ConclusionsA more backward bowing of the PPS was linearly and spatially associated with the presence, size and extent of gamma zone. It suggested that the BM and the sclera were closely related in participating the biomechanical behaviour of the ONH.
Soft QCD effects in VBS/VBF topologies
Authors: Bittrich Carsten , Kirchgaeßer Patrick , Papaefstathiou Andreas , Plätzer Simon , Todt Stefanie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider the impact of multi-parton interactions and colour reconnection on the modeling of vector boson fusion and vector boson scattering (VBS) final states at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We investigate how the variation of the model parameters, compatible with a reasonable spread of predictions around typical tuning observables, extrapolates into the VBS phase space. We study the implications of this variation on the total uncertainty budget attached to realistic simulations of the final states in current event generator predictions. We find that the variations have a non-trivial phase space dependence and become comparable in size to the perturbative uncertainties once next-to-leading order predictions are combined with parton shower evolution.
A Network Analysis of Return Connectedness in Financial Stability: Insights into Disease and Economic Policy Uncertainties
Authors: Bui Hung Quang , Phan Nguyet Thi Bich , Huynh Anh Ngoc Quang , Huynh Toan Luu Duc 
Published: September 2022

This paper studies how return connectedness exhibits potential linkages among 17 economies over a 20-year period starting in 2001. We obtained three main results by employing the dynamic connectedness approach, which is based on vector auto-regression (VAR), to calculate generalized forecast error decompositions. First, although the financial crisis (2007–2008) experienced a high level of connectedness, the spillover index spiked during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Second, the “return shock sender” is a community of countries that includes the United States, Australia, and European countries, while Vietnam is immune to financial linkages. Third, we discovered the predictive power of U.S. economic policy uncertainty and disease fear with market volatility for the Vietnamese return connectedness. As a result, our research identifies a range of relevant policies to mitigate spillover risks in the context of financial stability.
Does the Indian economy progress toward a cashless economy?
Authors: Nasira Banu M , Cholakkal Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

The cashless payment system has been considered a critical driver for the country’s economic growth and development. Recently, financial institutions and services have undergone drastic changes due to rapid digitalization. Over the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made toward transforming India into an inclusive digital financial system, cost-effective, convenient, transparent, accountable and secure, bringing underserved and excluded rural people into the economic mainstream. All these efforts led to the transformation of India into a greater cashless economy. Despite the rapid expansion of digital financial transactions in India, cash still accounts for a significant share of payment. India observed a simultaneous growth of the cash economy and digital payments, which created a paradoxical situation. This situation twisted a lesson for policymakers who imagined all cash was shady and that digital must necessarily dent the cash economy. This research paper analyzes the trends and progress of digital payment for transactions in India and the developments to make India a cashless economy. It also examines whether a long-promised cashless society will become a reality, or will currency continue to play a critical role in everyday transactions, as it had for decades?
Inhibition of EGFR Overcomes Acquired Lenvatinib Resistance Driven by STAT3–ABCB1 Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Beiyuan , Zou Tiantian , Qin Wei , Shen Xiaotian , Su Yinghan , Li Jianhua , Chen Yang , Zhang Ze , Sun Haoting , Zheng Yan , Wang Chao-Qun , Wang Zhengxin , Li Tian-En , Wang Shun , Zhu Le , Wang Xufeng , Fu Yan , Ren Xudong , Dong Qiongzhu , Qin Lun-Xiu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Lenvatinib is an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases that was recently authorized for first-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical benefits derived from lenvatinib are limited, highlighting the urgent need to understand mechanisms of resistance. We report here that HCC cells develop resistance to lenvatinib by activating EGFR and stimulating the EGFR–STAT3–ABCB1 axis. Lenvatinib resistance was accompanied by aberrant cholesterol metabolism and lipid raft activation. ABCB1 was activated by EGFR in a lipid raft–dependent manner, which significantly enhanced the exocytosis of lenvatinib to mediate resistance. Furthermore, clinical specimens of HCC showed a correlation between the activation of the EGFR–STAT3–ABCB1 pathway and lenvatinib response. Erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor that has also been shown to inhibit ABCB1, suppressed lenvatinib exocytosis, and combined treatment with lenvatinib and erlotinib demonstrated a significant synergistic effect on HCC both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings characterize a mechanism of resistance to a first-line treatment for HCC and offer a practical means to circumvent resistance and treat the disease.

Significance:
HCC cells acquire resistance to lenvatinib by activating the EGFR–STAT3–ABCB1 pathway, identifying combined treatment with erlotinib as a strategy to overcome acquired resistance and improve the clinical benefit of lenvatinib.
MET-Induced CD73 Restrains STING-Mediated Immunogenicity of EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Yoshida Ryohei , Saigi Maria , Tani Tetsuo , Springer Benjamin F. , Shibata Hirofumi , Kitajima Shunsuke , Mahadevan Navin R. , Campisi Marco , Kim William , Kobayashi Yoshihisa , Thai Tran C. , Haratani Koji , Yamamoto Yurie , Sundararaman Shriram K. , Knelson Erik H. , Vajdi Amir , Canadas Israel , Uppaluri Ravindra , Paweletz Cloud P. , Miret Juan J. , Lizotte Patrick H. , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Jänne Pasi A. , Barbie David A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Immunotherapy has shown limited efficacy in patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Efforts to enhance the immunogenicity of EGFR-mutated lung cancer have been unsuccessful to date. Here, we discover that MET amplification, the most common mechanism of resistance to third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), activates tumor cell STING, an emerging determinant of cancer immunogenicity (1). However, STING activation was restrained by ectonucleosidase CD73, which is induced in MET-amplified, EGFR-TKI–resistant cells. Systematic genomic analyses and cell line studies confirmed upregulation of CD73 in MET-amplified and MET-activated lung cancer contexts, which depends on coinduction of FOSL1. Pemetrexed (PEM), which is commonly used following EGFR-TKI treatment failure, was identified as an effective potentiator of STING-dependent TBK1-IRF3-STAT1 signaling in MET-amplified, EGFR-TKI–resistant cells. However, PEM treatment also induced adenosine production, which inhibited T-cell responsiveness. In an allogenic humanized mouse model, CD73 deletion enhanced immunogenicity of MET-amplified, EGFR-TKI–resistant cells, and PEM treatment promoted robust responses regardless of CD73 status. Using a physiologic antigen recognition model, inactivation of CD73 significantly increased antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immunogenicity following PEM treatment. These data reveal that combined PEM and CD73 inhibition can co-opt tumor cell STING induction in TKI-resistant EGFR-mutated lung cancers and promote immunogenicity.

Significance:
MET amplification upregulates CD73 to suppress tumor cell STING induction and T-cell responsiveness in TKI-resistant, EGFR-mutated lung cancer, identifying a strategy to enhance immunogenicity and improve treatment.
Association Between Care Fragmentation and Total Spending After Durable Left Ventricular Device Implant: A Mediation Analysis of Health Care–Associated Infections Within a National Medicare-Society of Thoracic Surgeons Intermacs Linked Dataset
Authors: Kim K. Dennie , Funk Russell J. , Hou Hechuan , Airhart Austin , Nassar Khalil , Pagani Francis D. , Zhang Min , Chandanabhumma P. Paul , Aaronson Keith D. , Chenoweth Carol E. , Hider Ahmad , Cabrera Lourdes , Likosky Donald S. ,   on behalf of the Michigan Congestive Heart Failure Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background:
Care fragmentation is associated with higher rates of infection after durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant. Less is known about the relationship between care fragmentation and total spending, and whether this relationship is mediated by infections.

Methods:
Total payments were captured from admission to 180 days post-discharge. Drawing on network theory, a measure of care fragmentation was developed based on the number of shared patients among providers (ie, anesthesiologists, cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, critical care specialists, nurse practitioners, physician assistants) caring for 4,987 Medicare beneficiaries undergoing LVAD implantation between July 2009 - April 2017. Care fragmentation was measured using average path length, which describes how efficiently information flows among network members; longer path length indicates greater fragmentation. Terciles based on the level of care fragmentation and multivariable regression were used to analyze the relationship between care fragmentation and LVAD payments and mediation analysis was used to evaluate the role of post-implant infections.

Results:
The patient cohort was 81% male, 73% white, 11% Intermacs Profile 1 with mean (SD) age of 63.1 years (11.1). The mean (SD) level of care fragmentation in provider networks was 1.7 (0.2) and mean (SD) payment from admission to 180 days post-discharge was $246,905 ($109,872). Mean (SD) total payments at the lower, middle, and upper terciles of care fragmentation were $250,135 ($111,924), $243,288 ($109,376), and $247,290 ($108,241), respectively. In mediation analysis, the indirect effect of care fragmentation on total payments, through infections, was positive and statistically significant (β=16032.5, p=0.008).

Conclusions:
Greater care fragmentation in the delivery of care surrounding durable LVAD implantation is associated with a higher incidence of infections, and consequently, higher payments for Medicare beneficiaries. Interventions to reduce care fragmentation may reduce the incidence of infections and in turn enhance the value of care for patients undergoing durable LVAD implantation.
Associations of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Cognitive Characteristics With Mobile Health Access: MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
Authors: Patel Reshmi J. S. , Ding Jie , Marvel Francoise A. , Shan Rongzi , Plante Timothy B. , Blaha Michael J. , Post Wendy S. , Martin Seth S. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) has an emerging role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated possible inequities in mHealth access in older adults.

Methods and Results
mHealth access was assessed from 2019 to 2020 in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) telephone surveys of 2796 participants aged 62 to 102 years. A multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for general health status assessed associations of mHealth access measures with relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and cognitive characteristics. There were lower odds of all access measures with older age (odds ratios [ORs], 0.37–0.59 per 10 years) and annual income <$50 000 (versus ≥$50 000 ORs, 0.55–0.62), and higher odds with higher Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument Score (ORs, 1.22–1.29 per 5 points). Men (versus women) had higher odds of internet access (OR, 1.32 [95% CI,1.05–1.66]) and computing device ownership (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.05–1.63]) but lower fitness tracker ownership odds (OR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.49–0.89]). For internet access and computing device ownership, we saw lower odds for Hispanic participants (versus White participants OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.44–0.85]; OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.50–0.95]) and less than a high school education (versus bachelor's degree or higher OR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.18–0.40]; OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.28–0.62]). For internet access, lower odds were seen for Black participants (versus White participants OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.47–0.86]) and other health insurance (versus health maintenance organization/private OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.47–0.74]). Chinese participants (versus White participants) had lower internet access odds (OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.44–0.91]) but higher computing device ownership odds (OR, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.28–2.77]).

Conclusions
Among older‐age adults, mHealth access varied by major demographic, socioeconomic, and cognitive characteristics, suggesting a digital divide. Novel mHealth interventions should consider individual access barriers.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT00005487.
Guideline‐Recommended Time Less Than 90 Minutes From ECG to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Is Associated with Major Survival Benefits, Especially in Octogenarians: A Contemporary Report in 11 226 Patients from NORIC
Authors: Larsen Alf Inge , Løland Kjetil Halvorsen , Hovland Siren , Bleie Øyvind , Eek Christian , Fossum Eigil , Trovik Thor , Juliebø Vibeke , Hegbom Knut , Moer Rasmus , Larsen Tomas , Uchto Michael , Rotevatn Svein 
Published: September 2022

Background
Using contemporary data from NORIC (Norwegian Registry of Invasive Cardiology) we investigated the predictive value of patient age and time from ECG diagnosis to sheath insertion (ECG‐2‐sheath) in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Methods and Results

Data from 11 226 patients collected from all centers offering 24/7/365 primary percutaneous coronary intervention service were explored. For patients aged <80 years the mortality rates were 5.6% and 7.6% at 30 days and 1 year, respectively. For octogenarians the corresponding rates were 15.0% and 24.2%. The Cox hazard ratio was 2.02 (1.93–2.11,
P
value <0.0001) per 10 years of patient age. Time from ECG‐2‐sheath was significantly associated with mortality with a 3.6% increase per 30 minutes of time. Using achievement of time goal <90 minutes in patients aged >80 years and mortality at 30 days, mortality was 10.5% and 17.7% for <90 or ≥90 minutes, respectively. The number needed to prevent 1 death was 39 in the whole population and 14 in the elderly.

Restricted mean survival gains during median 938 days of follow‐up in patients with ECG‐2‐sheath time <90 minutes were 24 and 76 days for patients aged <80 and ≥80 years, respectively.

Conclusions
Time from ECG‐diagnosis to sheath insertion is strongly correlated with mortality. This applies especially to octogenarians who derive the most in terms of absolute mortality reduction.

Registration

URL:
https://helsedata.no/en/forvaltere/norwegian‐institute‐of‐public‐health/norwegian‐registry‐of‐invasive‐cardiology/
.