bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of electron cyclotron current drive efficiency on the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: FANG Jiangang , YAN Wei , CHEN Zhongyong , ZHANG Xiaobo , CHEN Xixuan , ZHANG Junli , MAO Feiyue , LI You , MOU Lingke , ZHONG Yu , LI Feng , ZHANG Weikang , LIU Fanxi , ZOU Guinan , ZHOU Song , LI Da , GAO Li , XIA Donghui , YANG Zhoujun , CHEN Zhipeng , WANG Nengchao , DING Yonghua , LIANG Yunfeng , PAN Yuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) efficiency research is of great importance for the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) stabilization. Improving ECCD efficiency is beneficial for the NTM stabilization and the ECCD power threshold reduction. ECCD efficiency has been investigated on the J-TEXT tokamak. The electron cyclotron wave (ECW) power scan was performed to obtain the current drive efficiency. The current drive efficiency is derived to be approximately η
0 = (0.06–0.16) × 1019 A m−2 W−1 on the J-TEXT tokamak. The effect of the residual toroidal electric field has been included in the determination of the current drive efficiency, which will enhance the ECCD efficiency. At the plasma current of I
p = 100 kA and electron density of n
e = 1.5 × 1019 m−3, the ratio of Spitzer conductivity between omhic (OH) and ECCD phases is considered and the experimental data have been corrected. The correction results show that the current drive efficiency η
1 caused by the fast electron hot conductivity decreases by approximately 79%. It can be estimated that the driven current is approximately 24 kA at 300 kW ECW power.
Charge transport in single polymer fiber transistors in the sub-100 nm regime: temperature dependence and Coulomb blockade
Authors: Lenz Jakob , Statz Martin , Watanabe K , Taniguchi T , Ortmann Frank , Weitz R Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Even though charge transport in semiconducting polymers is of relevance for a number of potential applications in (opto-)electronic devices, the fundamental mechanism of how charges are transported through organic polymers that are typically characterized by a complex nanostructure is still open. One of the challenges which we address here, is how to gain controllable experimental access to charge transport at the sub-100 nm lengthscale. To this end charge transport in single poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene) fiber transistors, employing two different solid gate dielectrics, a hybrid Al2O3/self-assembled monolayer and hexagonal boron nitride, is investigated in the sub-50 nm regime using electron-beam contact patterning. The electrical characteristics exhibit near ideal behavior at room temperature which demonstrates the general feasibility of the nanoscale contacting approach, even though the channels are only a few nanometers in width. At low temperatures, we observe nonlinear behavior in the current–voltage characteristics in the form of Coulomb diamonds which can be explained by the formation of an array of multiple quantum dots at cryogenic temperatures.
Cation-selective layered silicon oxide membranes for power generation
Authors: Kim Sungsoon , Lee Minwoo , Choi Sangjin , Won Jongbum , Kim Taehoon , Kim Taeyoung , Bae Jihong , Shim Wooyoung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inorganic two-dimensional membranes offer a new approach to modulating mass transport at the nanoscale. These membranes, which can harness the van der Waals gap as a nanochannel and address persistent challenges in organic membranes, are limited to a few material libraries, such as graphene, graphene oxide, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride. Here we report for the first time the development of cation-selective layered silicon oxide membranes, in which the nanochannels, specifically the van der Waals gap, can allow cation diffusion flux to generate an electromotive force for a long time. Considering the abundance and well-known properties of silicon oxide, this inorganic membrane can provide a promising route for membrane separation in a variety of applications.
Mobile health technology integrated care in older atrial fibrillation patients: a subgroup analysis of the mAFA-II randomised clinical trial
Authors: Guo Yutao , Romiti Giulio Francesco , Proietti Marco , Bonini Niccolò , Zhang Hui , Lip Gregory Y H ,   the mAF-App II Trial Investigators, Lane Deirdre A , Chen Yundai , Wang Liming , Eckstein Jens , Thomas G Neil , Tong Liu , Mei Feng , Xuejun Liu , Xiaoming Li , Zhaoliang Shan , Xiangming Shi , Wei Zhang , Yunli Xing , Jing Wen , Fan Wu , Sitong Yang , Xiaoqing Jin , Bo Yang , Xiaojuan Bai , Yuting Jiang , Yangxia Liu , Yingying Song , Zhongju Tan , Li Yang , Tianzhu Luan , Chunfeng Niu , Lili Zhang , Shuyan Li , Zulu Wang , Bing Xv , Liming Liu , Yuanzhe Jin , Yunlong Xia , Xiaohong Chen , Fang Wu , Lina Zhong , Yihong Sun , Shujie Jia , Jing Li , Nan Li , Shijun Li , Huixia Liu , Rong Li , Fan Liu , Qingfeng Ge , Tianyun Guan , Yuan Wen , Xin Li , Yan Ren , Xiaoping Chen , Ronghua Chen , Yun Shi , Yulan Zhao , Haili Shi , Yujie Zhao , Quanchun Wang , Weidong Sun , Lin Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The Mobile Health Technology for Improved Screening and Optimized Integrated Care in AF (mAFA-II) randomised trial demonstrated the efficacy of a mobile health (mHealth) technology-implemented ‘Atrial fibrillation Better Care’ (ABC) pathway-approach (mAFA intervention) in reducing the risk of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether these benefits also apply to older patients is unclear. In this ancillary analysis, we evaluated the effect of mAFA intervention among older AF patients.

Methods
The mAFA-II trial enrolled adult AF patients across 40 centres in China. For this analysis, we defined older patients as those aged ≥75 years. Primary outcome was the composite of ischemic stroke or thromboembolism, all-cause death and rehospitalisation. The effect of mAFA intervention was assessed through multivariable Cox-regression models. We also evaluated the interaction between age and effect of the mAFA intervention in the main trial population.

Results
In this analysis, we included 1,163 AF patients ≥75 years (mean age: 82.6 ± 5.3 years, 43.1% females); 520 were allocated to mAFA intervention, 643 to usual care. mAFA intervention was associated with a significant reduction of the primary composite outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–0.97) and rehospitalisations alone (aHR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.24–0.91). Significant interaction between age and mAFA intervention effect was observed for both the composite outcome (P = 0.002) and rehospitalisation alone (P = 0.015), with the effect decreasing as age increased, particularly among patients ≥80 years old.

Conclusions
A mHealth technology-implemented ABC pathway is effective in reducing adverse clinical outcomes in older AF patients. The benefits obtained with mAFA intervention were attenuated at extreme ages.
Impact of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination on Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Shariff-Marco Salma , Sangaramoorthy Meera , Ellis Libby , Thomsen Catherine , Roh Janise M , Kroenke Candyce , Valice Emily , Kwan Marilyn L , Ambrosone Christine , Kushi Lawrence , Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although racial/ethnic disparities in health-care access, treatment, and cancer outcomes are well documented, the impact of racial/ethnic discrimination on cancer survivorship is unclear. We examined associations between quality of life (QoL) and self-reported discrimination among 3,991 women with breast cancer recruited during 2006–2013 from the Pathways Study in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health-care system, using linear regression models. Overall, 31% of women reported experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination, with differences by race/ethnicity (82% among non-Hispanic Black women vs. 19% among non-Hispanic White women) and nativity (40% among foreign-born Hispanic women vs. 76% among US-born Asian-American women). Experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination was associated with lower QoL in fully adjusted models. The mean QoL score was 119.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 102.0, 137.1) for women who did not report discrimination, 115.5 (95% CI: 98.0, 133.0) for those who reported some discrimination/less than the median level, and 110.2 (95% CI: 92.7, 127.7) for those who reported more discrimination/greater than or equal to the median level. Discrimination was associated with lower QoL among women who used passive coping strategies or lived in neighborhoods with high neighborhood socioeconomic status, neighborhoods with high levels of segregation, or non–ethnic enclaves. Among breast cancer survivors, clinically meaningful differences in QoL scores were associated with racial/ethnic discrimination. Additional studies are needed to understand potential pathways through which these social factors affect survivorship outcomes.
Impact of wideband cardiac magnetic resonance on diagnosis, decision-making and outcomes in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Patel Hena N , Wang Shuo , Rao Swati , Singh Amita , Landeras Luis , Besser Stephanie A , Carter Spencer , Mishra Satish , Nishimura Takuro , Shatz Dalise Y , Tung Roderick , Nayak Hemal , Kawaji Keigo , Mor-Avi Victor , Patel Amit R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Although myocardial scar assessment using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is frequently indicated for patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), metal artefact can degrade image quality. With the new wideband technique designed to mitigate device related artefact, CMR is increasingly used in this population. However, the common clinical indications for CMR referral and impact on clinical decision-making and prognosis are not well defined. Our study was designed to address these knowledge gaps.

Methods and results
One hundred seventy-nine consecutive patients with an ICD (age 59 ± 13 years, 75% male) underwent CMR using cine and wideband pulse sequences for LGE imaging. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine the reason for CMR referral, whether there was a change in clinical decision-making, and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Referral indication was the most common evaluation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate (n = 114, 64%), followed by cardiomyopathy (n = 53, 30%). Overall, CMR resulted in a new or changed diagnosis in 64 (36%) patients and impacted clinical management in 51 (28%). The effect on management change was highest in patients presenting with VT. A total of 77 patients (43%) experienced MACE during the follow-up period (median 1.7 years), including 65 in patients with evidence of LGE. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that ICD patients with LGE had worse outcomes than those without LGE (P = 0.006).

Conclusion
The clinical yield from LGE CMR is high and provides management changing and meaningful prognostic information in a significant proportion of patients with ICDs.
Sex- and age-specific normal values for automated quantitative pixel-wise myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Brown Louise A E , Gulsin Gaurav S , Onciul Sebastian C , Broadbent David A , Yeo Jian L , Wood Alice L , Saunderson Christopher E D , Das Arka , Jex Nicholas , Chowdhary Amrit , Thirunavukarasu Sharmaine , Sharrack Noor , Knott Kristopher D , Levelt Eylem , Swoboda Peter P , Xue Hui , Greenwood John P , Moon James C , Adlam David , McCann Gerry P , Kellman Peter , Plein Sven 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsRecently developed in-line automated cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial perfusion mapping has been shown to be reproducible and comparable with positron emission tomography (PET), and can be easily integrated into clinical workflows. Bringing quantitative myocardial perfusion CMR into routine clinical care requires knowledge of sex- and age-specific normal values in order to define thresholds for disease detection. This study aimed to establish sex- and age-specific normal values for stress and rest CMR myocardial blood flow (MBF) in healthy volunteers.Methods and resultsA total of 151 healthy volunteers recruited from two centres underwent adenosine stress and rest myocardial perfusion CMR. In-line automatic reconstruction and post processing of perfusion data were implemented within the Gadgetron software framework, creating pixel-wise perfusion maps. Rest and stress MBF were measured, deriving myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) and were subdivided by sex and age. Mean MBF in all subjects was 0.62 ± 0.13 mL/g/min at rest and 2.24 ± 0.53 mL/g/min during stress. Mean MPR was 3.74 ± 1.00. Compared with males, females had higher rest (0.69 ± 0.13 vs. 0.58 ± 0.12 mL/g/min, P &lt; 0.01) and stress MBF (2.41 ± 0.47 vs. 2.13 ± 0.54 mL/g/min, P = 0.001). Stress MBF and MPR showed significant negative correlations with increasing age (r = −0.43, P &lt; 0.001 and r = −0.34, P &lt; 0.001, respectively).ConclusionFully automated in-line CMR myocardial perfusion mapping produces similar normal values to the published CMR and PET literature. There is a significant increase in rest and stress MBF, but not MPR, in females and a reduction of stress MBF and MPR with advancing age, advocating the use of sex- and age-specific reference ranges for diagnostic use.
Public Health and Prostitution in Revolutionary Petrograd, 1917–1918
Authors: Hearne Siobhán 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The February revolution of 1917 brought about the complete collapse of the tsarist autocracy and offered multiple possibilities for the reorganisation of society based on new principles of democracy, equality and citizenship. Amid societal reconfiguration, the tsarist system for the regulation of prostitution was repealed in July 1917. After this, the Provisional Government and later the Bolshevik Party looked for new methods to prevent the spread of venereal diseases (VD), which had reached epidemic proportions. The regulation of prostitution had been the tsarist government’s main form of VD control and it was frequently attacked by commentators across the political spectrum on both medical and moral grounds in the decades preceding February 1917. Therefore, its abolition was a political project that was interconnected with broader discourses of liberation and efforts to rid society of the unwanted remnants of the old regime. Physicians rallied around the issue of prostitution, and its eternal bedfellow VD, as part of their broader efforts to dominate the public health agenda of the new revolutionary state. In the Russian capital of Petrograd, the February revolution did not disrupt well-established class or gender stereotypes, which had profound implications for the way in which medical professionals and the police dealt with the issues of prostitution and VD. This article examines how experts, state bureaucrats and the police approached prostitution and VD in Petrograd throughout 1917 and 1918. In doing so, it traces continuities in administrative-bureaucratic regimes and informal policing practices across collapsing regimes and governments in revolutionary Russia.
Frail Phenotype in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Salvatori Silvia , Marafini Irene , Venuto Chiara , Laudisi Federica , Neri, Benedetto , Lavigna Diletta , Franchin Martina , De Cristofaro, Elena , Biancone Livia , Calabrese Emma , Giannarelli, Diana , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent retrospective studies have shown that frailty is common in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and enhances the risk of drug-related infections, postsurgery complications, hospital readmissions, and mortality, independently of age and comorbidities. We carried out a descriptive cohort study to evaluate the frequency of frail phenotype in IBD and analyzed the risk factors associated with this condition.

Methods
Frail phenotype was assessed in IBD patients by using the Fried frailty phenotype. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors for frail phenotype. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 were quantified in patients with a frail or a fit phenotype by ELISA.

Results
Three hundred eighty-six IBD outpatients (198 Crohn’s disease and 188 ulcerative colitis) were prospectively enrolled from December 2021 to April 2022. Frail phenotype was diagnosed in 64 of 386 (17%) IBD patients and was significantly associated with female gender, active disease, and current use of steroids. Multivariate analysis showed that active disease was a risk factor for frail phenotype (odds ratio, 11.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-33.9). No difference in IL-6 serum levels was seen between patients with a frail phenotype and those who were fit.

Conclusions
This is the first prospective study showing that frail phenotype occurs in nearly one-fifth of IBD patients. Data indicate that active IBD is an independent risk factor for frail phenotype in IBD.
Modular organization and informal structure: Modularity, performance, and the alignment of organizational networks
Authors: Cowan Robin , Jonard Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modularizing a system, a product, or a process can have positive effects on performance in many instances. That it may have adverse consequences has also been discussed, although on balance the literature seems inclined to consider that modularity is desirable in most cases. In this paper, we put forward a feature of modular systems that extant research has not considered in spite of its strong performance-hindering potential. Starting from the premise that organizations are essentially patterns of formal and informal interactions, and modules within organizations are places where these interactions accumulate and reinforce, we argue that modularity can exacerbate issues related to (low-)performance spillovers from one organizational actor to another. With psychosocial affect as the channel connecting the formal and the informal spheres, we develop a simple model that combines elements of psychology research, network science, and organization theory to study how formal and informal elements jointly determine organizational performance under different modularity configurations. We find that organizational performance is lower when the alignment of formal and informal is stronger: informal interaction augments local accumulation of stress caused by formal aspects of firm organization. However, this result depends heavily on the modularity of formal organization: feedbacks between formal and informal elements cause much harsher performance degradation in modular systems. This suggests the exercise of caution when considering the possibility to modularize a production system.
Exposure to interparental violence and risk of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Peprah Prince , Asare Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah , Addo Isaac Yeboah , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) has emerged as a serious human rights issue as well as a public health concern globally. We examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data.MethodsWe included 96 782 women in 23 countries with a recent DHS dataset conducted from 2012 to 2020. We employed multivariable multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between exposure to interparental violence and experience of IPV.ResultsOverall, women who were exposed to interparental violence were more likely to experience physical (adjusted OR [aOR]=2.17, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.28), emotional (aOR=1.87, 95% CI 1.78 to 1.96) and sexual violence (aOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.15) than those who were not exposed. In all countries except Comoros, women exposed to interparental violence had higher odds of physical and emotional violence than those who were not exposed. Experience of sexual violence was higher among women exposed to interparental violence from all countries except for Liberia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone.ConclusionsWomen's exposure to interparental violence increases their risk of experiencing IPV. Policies should focus on women or young girls who who witness IPV to reduce their likelihood of experiencing it. Special support can be provided for women who were exposed to interparental violence and are currently experiencing IPV.
Cognitive resistance to and resilience against multiple comorbid neurodegenerative pathologies and the impact of APOE status
Authors: Walker Jamie M , Richardson Timothy E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is currently the leading cause of cognitive decline and dementia worldwide. Recently, studies have suggested that other neurodegenerative comorbidities such as limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC), Lewy body disease (LBD), and cerebrovascular disease frequently co-occur with Alzheimer disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) and may have significant cognitive effects both in isolation and synergistically with ADNC. Herein, we study the relative clinical impact of these multiple neurodegenerative pathologies in 704 subjects. Each of these pathologies is relatively common in the cognitively impaired population, while cerebrovascular pathology and ADNC are the most common in cognitively normal individuals. Moreover, while the number of concurrent neuropathologic entities rises with age and has a progressively deleterious effect on cognition, 44.3% of cognitively intact individuals are resistant to having any neurodegenerative proteinopathy (compared to 15.2% of cognitively impaired individuals) and 83.5% are resistant to having multiple concurrent proteinopathies (compared to 64.6% of cognitively impaired individuals). The presence of at least 1 APOE ε4 allele was associated with impaired cognition and the presence of multiple proteinopathies, while APOE ε2 was protective against cumulative proteinopathies. These results indicate that maintenance of normal cognition may depend on resistance to the development of multiple concurrent proteinopathies.
Delineating Zero-Price Markets with Network Effects: An Analysis of Free Messenger Services
Authors: Nakamura Akihiro , Ida Takanori 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBillions of users worldwide utilize digital zero-price services every day. This study proposes a market definition method for digital zero-price services, using the messenger service as an example. We employ the small but significant nontransitory increase in cost test, which is an improved version of the small but significant nontransitory increase in price test, and conduct conjoint analysis while considering the network effect, a characteristic of digital services. Our results show that the price elasticity of demand is 0.628 and the critical markup ratio is 1.492–1.542 when only the price effect is considered. When the direct network effect is considered, the price elasticity of demand is 1.728 and the critical markup ratio is 0.479–0.529. Furthermore, when considering a two-sided market with indirect network effects, the price elasticity of demand is 2.162 and the critical markup ratio is 0.363–0.413. Thus, the price elasticity of demand for free messenger services is higher when the network effects and two-sided markets are considered.