bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fundamental Endogeneity of Survey‐Based Cultural Dimension
Authors: Shoham Amir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSurvey‐based cultural dimensions are used extensively in empirical analysis as the primary source of quantitative cultural scores. However, survey‐based cultural dimensions have a significant endogeneity problem. The individuals responding to the surveys are affected by their current socioeconomic condition and environment (social mood), meaning that the outcomes are a mixture of culture and current socioeconomic effects. The World Value Survey (WVS) waves provided empirical support for the endogeneity problem. Our empirical findings show that in‐country scores frequently change between waves. In addition, the countries in the WVS change their ranking between waves; so, even the relative position held by a country is questionable when measured along survey‐based cultural dimensions. This finding contrasts with the idea that cultural values are sticky. We provide an alternative method for capturing cultural dimensions based on the grammatical structures of languages that capture ancestral culture with no fear of the current socioeconomics pollution of the measure.
Do the Conservatives Believe in Social Mobility?
Authors: Maslen Joseph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn light of the great realignment of British politics over the last half decade, Conservatives have sometimes seemed to be the new egalitarians, railing against the ‘new snobbery’ of leftish elites. Focussing on output from the website ConservativeHome, this article considers the complex and subtle place of social mobility—conventionally understood as fair opportunity to ascend to professional status for people of all social backgrounds—in this seemingly more progressive brand of UK conservatism. It notes that these new egalitarians are, in fact, sceptical of setting professional status as an aspirational ideal for working class people, yet still value the concept of social mobility. Explaining this apparent contradiction, the article suggests that the new egalitarians attach social mobility to a particular concept: the self‐mastery of free individuals who are able to assert themselves as choice‐makers, breaking social barriers in the expression of personal drive.
Prospects for habitat management to suppress vegetable pests in Australia
Authors: Rizvi Syed Z M , Reynolds Olivia L , Haque Ahsanul , Furlong Michael J , Mo Jianhua , Melo Maria C , Akter Salma , Sandoval‐Gomez Vivian E. , Johnson Anne C , Gurr Geoff M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHabitat management is an ecologically based approach to suppress pest densities, utilising properties of non‐crop vegetation to improve the impact of natural enemies or to directly affect pest behaviour. Research in this approach has escalated dramatically this century, extending to uptake in some crops, but adoption in Australia has been lower than overseas. Here, we address the need of the Australian vegetable sector to reduce reliance on insecticides by assessing the scope for habitat management in brassica (Brassicaceae), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) (Asteraceae), capsicum (Capsicum annuum) (Solanaceae), carrot (Daucus carota) (Apiaceae), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Fabaceae) and sweetcorn (Zea mays) (Poaceae) crops. Each crop is of major economic importance, and together, they represent contrasting botanical families and production systems that are associated with different arthropod complexes. We review studies of habitat management that are based on provision of shelter, nectar, alternative prey or pollen for natural enemies (top‐down effects) or changing pest behaviour (bottom‐up effects) through intercropping or trap crops. The likely utility of these approaches under Australian conditions is assessed, and recommendations are made to promote adoption and for adaptive research. Nectar‐ and pollen‐providing plants, such as alyssum (Lobularia maritima) (Brassicaceae), offer strong potential to promote natural enemies in multiple crops whilst trap crops, especially yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) (Brassicaceae), have more targeted utility against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), the most serious pest of brassicas. Opportunities for intercrops and banker plant species are also identified. Our recommendations serve as a platform for researchers and for farmer‐led studies to help realise the full potential of habitat management approaches in Australian vegetable production systems.
Tail regeneration in the gecko Sphaerodactylus argus shows that the formation of an axial elastic skeleton is functional for the new tail
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTail regeneration in the gecko Sphaerodactylus argus shows that the formation of an axial elastic skeleton is functional for the new tail (Acta Zoologica, Stockolm). The present autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study describes tail regeneration and formation of the axial skeleton in early regenerating tails of the Jamaican red‐tailed gecko, Sphaerodactylus argus. Cell proliferation, studied by tritiated thymidine, shows intense labelling mainly in forming scales and differentiating cartilaginous, muscle and ependymal cells of the regenerating spinal cord, while the labelling is more diffuse in the apical blastema and proximal connective tissues. The slow apical proliferation maintains the tail front growing while in more proximal regions, cells initiate differentiation, losing thymidine‐labelling. Cell proliferation is maximal at the beginning of scales, muscles and cartilage formation. Scales are regenerated following migration into the dermis of tritiated thymidine‐labelled keratinocytes to form epithelial pegs that later split and give rise new scales. Differentiation of new corneous layers begins underneath the external corneous epidermis, starting with a shedding layer followed by a beta‐layer that accumulates corneous beta proteins. Intense proliferation of apical myoblasts gives rise to long myotubes and segmented muscles. The vertebral column is substituted with a cartilaginous tube made of turgid chondrocytes accumulating chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and elastin. Therefore, the regenerated tail remains flexible and capable of curling to maintain efficient the climbing ability in these geckos.
Peak functional ability and age at loss of ambulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Zambon Alberto A. , Ayyar Gupta Vandana , Ridout Deborah , Manzur Adnan Y. , Baranello Giovanni , Trucco Federica , Muntoni Francesco ,   The UK Northstar Clinical Network
Published: February 2022

AimTo correlate the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) and timed rise from floor (TRF) recorded at age of expected peak with age at loss of ambulation (LOA) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodMale children with DMD enrolled in the UK North Start Network database were included according to the following criteria: follow‐up longer than 3 years, one NSAA record between 6 years and 7 years 6 months (baseline), at least one visit when older than 8 years. Data about corticosteroid treatment, LOA, genotype, NSAA, and TRF were analysed. Age at LOA among the different groups based on NSAA and TRF was determined by log‐rank tests. Cox proportional hazard models were used for multivariable analysis.ResultsA total of 293 patients from 13 different centres were included. Mean (SD) age at first and last visit was 5 years 6 months (1 year 2 months) and 12 years 8 months (2 years 11 months) (median follow‐up 7 years 4 months). Higher NSAA and lower TRF at baseline were associated with older age at LOA (p<0.001). Patients scoring NSAA 32 to 34 had a probability of 0.61 of being ambulant when older than 13 years compared with 0.34 for those scoring 26 to 31. In multivariable analysis, NSAA, TRF, and corticosteroid daily regimen (vs intermittent) were all independently associated with outcome (p=0.01).InterpretationHigher functional abilities at peak are associated with older age at LOA in DMD. This information is important for counselling families. These baseline measures should also be considered when designing clinical trials.
Longitudinal impact of trauma in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study‐3
Authors: Farris Megan S. , Braun Amy , Liu Lu , Bearden Carrie E. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Keshavan Matcheri , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Stone William S. , Tsuang Ming T. , Walker Elaine F. , Woods Scott W. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Addington Jean 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimIndividuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have been shown to experience more trauma than the general population. However, although the effects of trauma appear to impact some symptoms it does not seem to increase the risk of transition to psychosis. The aim of this article was to examine the prevalence of trauma, and its association with longitudinal clinical and functional outcomes in a large sample of CHR individuals.MethodsFrom the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study‐3 (NAPLS‐3) 690 CHR individuals and 91 healthy controls from nine study sites between 2015 and 2018 were assessed. Historical trauma experiences were captured at baseline. Participants completed longitudinal assessments measuring clinical outcomes including positive and negative symptoms, depression, social and role functioning and assessing transition to psychosis.ResultsFrom the 690 CHR participants and 96 healthy controls, 343 (49.6%) and 15 (15.6%), respectively, reported a history of trauma (p < .001). Emotional neglect (70.3%) was the most commonly reported type of trauma, followed by psychological abuse (57.4%). Among CHR participants, time to transition to psychosis was not associated with trauma. Baseline depression and suspiciousness/persecutory ideas were statistically significantly different between CHR individuals who did or did not experience trauma. However, when examining clinical and functional outcomes over 12‐months of follow‐up, there were no differences between those who experienced trauma and those who did not.ConclusionOverall, trauma is a significantly prevalent among CHR individuals. The effects of trauma on transition and longitudinal clinical and functional outcomes were not significant.
Study on fatigue crack growth behavior of selective laser‐melted Ti6Al4V under different build directions, stress ratios, and temperatures
Authors: Wu Liangliang , Jiao Zehui , Yu Huichen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe experimental study of fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior in Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) was carried out on an in situ fatigue testing machine. Two specimen orientations relative to the build direction (horizontal and vertical), two temperatures (room temperature, RT, and 400°C), and two stress ratios (0.1 and 0.5) were considered, and the FCG curves with the threshold values were determined. The results showed that the FCG properties were affected by the stress ratio due to different degree of crack closure and temperature with grain softening at 400°C in threshold and Paris region. The threshold value is highly dependent on the build direction of the alloy, which was caused by the anisotropic microstructure, while in the Paris region, the effect of material direction can be negligible and FCG rate tends to be consistent. The fracture mechanism at different stages was discussed and revealed by the fracture morphology observation using scanning electron microscopy.
Comparison of key aroma‐active composition and aroma perception of cold‐pressed and roasted peanut oils
Authors: Yin Wen‐ting , Maradza Washington , Xu Yi‐fan , Ma Xue‐ting , Shi Rui , Zhao Ren‐yong , Wang Xue‐de 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe difference in the aroma composition of cold‐pressed and roasted peanut oils was investigated. There were 28 and 75 odorants with flavour dilution (FD) factors between 1 and 512 in cold‐pressed and roasted peanut oils, respectively. Fifty‐nine odorants were newly identified in peanut oils. Ten key odorants with odour activity value (OAV) ≥ 1 were identified in cold‐pressed peanut oil, of which hexanal (OAV = 1,288, green), (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal (OAV = 370, earthy and fried fat) and α‐pinene (OAV = 34, woody) were the most important contributors to the overall aroma of cold‐pressed peanut oil. 2,3‐Pentanedione (OAV = 5,054, buttery), 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol (OAV = 326, smoky), 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine (OAV = 160, roasted and nutty) and 2‐methylpyrazine (OAV = 92, roasted and nutty) were the most important contributors among the 26 key odorants to the aroma of roasted peanut oil. Roasting peanut seeds induced apparent changes in the formation of aromatic heterocycles, loss of terpenes and increase in lipid oxidation odorants in peanut oil. This study would provide important practical applications in aroma regulation and process optimisation of peanut oil.
Retailer's selling mode choice under different competition forms
Authors: Wang Tong‐Yuan , Wang Xian‐Jia , He Peng , Chen Zhen‐Song 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examine the online retailer's selling mode choice under different competition forms in an online retailing supply chain. Four models based on two selling modes (i.e., agency selling and direct selling) and two competition forms (i.e., Bertrand and Cournot) are constructed, and the conditions for the online retailer to choose the optimal selling mode are identified. The results show that the online retailer's optimal choice of selling mode is mainly affected by the direct selling cost under Bertrand competition, whereas it is affected jointly by the direct selling cost, competition intensity, and commission rate under Cournot competition. Additionally, in the direct selling mode, both the online retailer and platform can obtain more profits under Cournot competition; however, in the agency selling mode, the online retailer can benefit from Bertrand competition when the commission rate is moderate, and Cournot competition otherwise. Finally, the effects of competition intensity, commission rate, and direct selling cost on the profits of the online retailer and platform are investigated by numerical analysis.
Mucormycosis: The hidden and forgotten disease
Authors: Darwish Rula M. , AlMasri Mohammad , Al-Masri Mahmoud M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare but serious fungal infection caused by a group of moulds called mucormycetes. More attention has recently been paid to it due to its association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, it is important to review the progress of studies on mucormycosis and highlight the important findings in relation to epidemiology, clinical manifestation, major risk factors, diagnostic strategies and management. An electronic literature search was performed in PubMed using the keywords: Rhizopus, Mucorales, mucormycosis, zygomycosis, zygomycetes, COVID-19, the drugs (azoles, posaconazole, isavuconazole, amphotericin B pharmaceutical preparations and caspofungin), combination therapy, diagnosis and clinical manifestations. Studies written in the English language from January 1960 to 2021 were considered for this review article. All search results were reviewed, and the relevance of each article was determined by the authors independently. The review emphasized the fact that the diagnosis of mucormycosis is difficult, it is necessary to have a high index of suspicion to identify it, surgical debridement should be done prior to the dissemination of infection to improve clinical outcomes and identifying underlying risk factors is important for proper treatment. Moreover, antifungal therapeutic options are few with polyenes and their combinations should be appropriate for empirical therapy while posaconazole and isavuconazole are best reserved for de-escalation, refractory cases or patients intolerant to amphotericin B.
Collum angle of the anterior teeth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Murugaiyan Sureka , Srinivasan Bhadrinath , Kailasam Vignesh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess and evaluate the collum angle (CA) of the anterior teeth of the permanent dentition.MethodsA search in seven databases for articles that had measured the CA in sagittal malocclusions was conducted until November 30, 2021. The risk of bias was assessed using the Modified Newcastle Ottawa scale. CA measurements using Cone Beam Computed Tomography or lateral cephalograms were included. The CA data were summarized by random‐effects inverse generic meta‐analyses.ResultsQualitative analysis of the 17 selected articles revealed that four were rated as “very good,” 12 as “good” and 1 as “satisfactory.” CA was 4.7° (95% CI of 3.1 to 6.4) and 2.0° (95% CI of 0.1 to 3.9) greater in Class II division 2 and Class III malocclusions respectively, than in Class I malocclusion cases.ConclusionMajority of the studies were rated as good or very good. Most studies evaluated the CA of the maxillary central incisors in Class II division 2 malocclusion. Studies assessing other maxillary anterior and mandibular anterior teeth are required.Clinical SignificancePractice of esthetic dentistry for teeth with increased CA is of clinical importance since the angle would determine the longevity and esthetic/cosmetic success of the rehabilitation. Placement of dental implants in areas of missing teeth with increased collum angle leads to excessive stress between the fixture and abutment leading to gingival recession. Thus, knowledge about the collum angle of anterior teeth and its variations in sagittal malocclusions would enable precise treatment planning in the field of esthetic dentistry.
Barriers and facilitators to supporting women with postnatal depression and anxiety: A qualitative study of maternal and child health nurses’ experiences
Authors: Arefadib Noushin , Shafiei Touran , Cooklin Amanda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore maternal and child health nurses’ experiences of supporting women with postnatal depression and anxiety and the factors which impact these.BackgroundMaternal and child health nurses play a key role in identifying women with postnatal depression and anxiety and facilitating their access to appropriate supports. Understanding how nurses carryout this work, and the conditions which impact their ability to do so, is critical to the development of service delivery frameworks that can facilitate optimal outcomes for women and their families. Despite this, little is known about this subject.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsParticipants were maternal and child health nurses practicing for at least six months and regularly seeing new mothers in Victoria, Australia. Twelve nurses were interviewed. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns across our data. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify issues which were most emphasised by nurses. Reporting complies with the COREQ checklist.FindingsThree overarching themes were identified. Theme one pertained to steps taken by nurses following the identification of depression or anxiety symptoms and the shared challenges they encountered. Theme two concerned nurses’ experiences of supporting women who required acute mental health interventions and the systemic barriers they faced. Finally, theme three related to how the existing service delivery model could be improved to better support nurses in their work.ConclusionsThe complex system within which nurses operate presents barriers that can impede their ability to respond to women with postnatal mental health issues. There is a need for service delivery frameworks that better support nurses and facilitates equitable access to mental healthcare.Relevance to clinical practiceFacilitating equitable access to all perinatal mental health services and interventions must be at the heart of all future policy, funding and service delivery frameworks.
Outcomes of esophageal and gastric bone foreign bodies in dogs
Authors: Barash Nanelle R. , Lashnits Erin , Kern Zachary T. , Tolbert Mary Katherine , Lunn Katharine F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBone foreign bodies are commonly encountered in small animal practice. Esophageal bone foreign bodies (E‐bFBs) warrant removal, whereas gastric bone foreign bodies might not.ObjectivesDescribe management and outcomes for dogs with esophageal or gastric bone foreign bodies.AnimalsOne hundred twenty‐nine dogs with esophageal (n = 45) or gastric (n = 84) bone foreign bodies.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records.ResultsDogs with E‐bFBs were younger than dogs with gastric bone foreign bodies (median age esophageal, 4 years [IQR 2‐8]; median age gastric, 6 years [IQR 3‐10]; P = .03), and had a higher bone cross‐sectional area relative to body weight (median esophageal, 98.21 mm2/kg [IQR 48.25‐142.6]; median gastric, 28.6 mm2/kg [IQR 17.25‐64.28]; P < .001). Forty‐two of 45 esophageal foreign bodies were resolved non‐surgically and 3 by esophagotomy. Esophageal erosions were more likely with distal entrapment (OR 12.88, [95% CI 31.95‐129.29], P = .01) and longer duration (OR 18.82 [95% CI 2.22‐273.97], P = .01). Sixty‐two of 84 bone gastric foreign bodies were left in situ. Endoscopic removal was successful in 20 of 22 (91%; 95% CI 70‐99) attempts.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWhile all E‐bFBs were dislodged either by advancement into the stomach, endoscopic removal, or esophagotomy, the majority of gastric bone foreign bodies were left in situ for dissolution, with no reported complications. Gastric advancement of E‐bFBs should be considered when oral removal is not feasible, and dissolution can be considered even with large bones.
Moralizing the law: Lactating workers and the transformation of supervising managers
Authors: Hoffmann Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Lactation at Work Law amended the Fair Labor Standards Act to mandate employer accommodation of employees' breast milk expression. Interviews with employees, human resource specialists, and supervising managers in nine industries found that some organizations' supervising managers, who initially perceived accommodations only as a legal mandate furthering managerial goals, over time changed to understanding lactation accommodations through a children's-health lens that created morality-driven motivations for legal compliance–a “moralization of the law.” Educational discussions with lactating employees not only provided these supervising managers with insights into lactation at work, but also sensitized them to ethical issues surrounding lactation accommodations.