bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Better Choice to Achieve High Volumetric Energy Density: Anode‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Lin Liangdong , Qin Kun , Hu Yong‐sheng , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Suo Liumin , Chen Liquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVolumetric energy density is a critical but easily neglected index of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs). Compared with gravimetric energy density, the volumetric energy density (VED) of LMBs is much more sensitive to the anode/cathode (A/C) ratio due to the low density of lithium (Li) metal and the volume expansion of the Li‐metal anode owing to its pulverization during cycles. Anode‐free LMBs (AF‐LMBs) have high theoretical VED due to the absence of an anode and high retention with relatively low cell expansion. Because Li plating highly depends on the mother substrate, Li plating on copper (Cu) substrates is more reversible and denser than that on Li substrates during cycling, which is beneficial for maintaining high volumetric capacity and efficient Li utilization. Therefore, considering that excess Li must be strictly limited to achieve competitive energy density, AF‐LMBs (with bare Cu foil as the anode current collector) for high‐volumetric‐density batteries are recommended.
Quantification of Nucleation Site Density as a Function of Surface Wettability on Smooth Surfaces
Authors: Katselas Anthony , Parin Riccardo , Neto Chiara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDew water is recognized as a valuable source of clean water for human consumption. Given the developing concerns over global water scarcity, great focus has been turned toward increasing the efficiency of existing dew harvesting methodologies. Droplet nucleation is a critical first stage in the condensation process – and therefore key to dew water harvesting. In this paper, the droplet nucleation site density (Ns) as a function of surface wettability on smooth thin polymer films is quantified. A custom‐built environment chamber, operated in low supersaturation conditions relevant to atmospheric water harvesting, allows strict experimental control over temperature and humidity. Droplet growth through coalescence is quantified, and an exponential increase in the rate of coalescence is seen as the test surface wettability increased. Ns declines exponentially as wettability decreases according to the fitted equation Ns = 1.1 × 1011e−0.043θ , where theta is the contact angle of the smooth surface, which can be used to predict Ns from a known contact angle, currently not available. The average distance between droplet centers is found to increase at a linear rate. This nucleation behavior is in line with those of droplets in a Rayleigh distribution.
Laser‐Induced Transitions of Azo Molecular Glass Pillar Arrays: A New Way to Fabricate Periodic Complex Surface Patterns upon Linearly Polarized Radiation
Authors: Wang Zenan , Huang Hao , Hsu Chungen , Wang Xiaogong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new approach to fabricate ordered complex surface patterns is established upon linearly polarized light (LPL) irradiation with a continuous wave laser. Distinct from typical laser‐induced periodic surface structures, the ordered patterns are formed through unique topographical transitions of submicrometer pillar arrays of an azo molecular glass, when irradiated with LPL at 532 nm. As revealed by microscopic investigation and optical simulation, the structure formation results from the deformation of the original pillars along the electric vibration direction of LPL and growth of new structures in the regions between the pillars owing to the nonuniformly distributed light intensity. Spontaneously shaped structures are also induced by increasing LPL irradiation time. The ordered surface patterns are then formed by coalescence of the gradually erased pillars with these newly formed structures. The morphologies and orientation of the patterns are precisely controlled by adjusting the conditions, i.e., the polarization direction of LPL relative to the hexagonal lattice of the pillar arrays and the irradiation time. These observations lead to the deep understanding of unique light–matter interaction effects on the material in pillar array architecture. This new method can be used to create various complex surface patterns in submicrometer scale for many applications.
Vapor‐Phase Deposition of Highly Luminescent Embedded Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Xiaoyue , Luo Deying , Green Philippe B. , Qiu Chenyue , Wei Mingyang , Yu Hongyu , Sargent Edward H. , Wilson Mark W. B. , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVapor‐phase deposition (VPD), a process that can be readily scaled up for mass production, provides a cost‐effective approach to manufacture perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). The progress in device efficiency, however, has been stagnant, owing largely to the poor photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the VPD materials. Herein, a holistic fabrication strategy is reported that can stabilize the otherwise thermodynamically unstable cubic‐phase through the deposition of a CsBr‐rich termination on top of the CsPbBr3 films. The enhanced film reduces the electronic defects considerably resulting in near‐unity PLQY of the VPD‐based perovskites. To understand the mechanism of the improved VPD‐CsPbBr3 perovskite, advanced optical probing techniques and structural characterizations are used. For device application, the LEDs made from the VPD perovskites yield a bright luminance of ≈15 000 cd m−2 at 523 nm with a sharp full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 18 nm.
Ranking of Responsible Automotive Manufacturers According to Sustainability Reports Using PROMETHEE and VIKOR Methods
Authors: Caliskan Aylin , Ozturkoglu Omer , Ozturkoglu Yucel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIndustrial activities and road transportation are the main contributors to air quality degradation and resource depletion. The automotive sector, which is one of the main players of the manufacturing industry and the supplier of road transport demand, is considered one of the most prominent symbols of pollution. Therefore, the issue of sustainability in the automotive industry is critical as it poses a wide range of challenges and negative externalities on the environment and society. This study aims to present a list of responsible consumption and production dimensions in line with the 12th United Nations Sustainable Development Goal and to rank the auto and auto part manufacturers in the Fortune Global 250. The authors use content analysis and text mining to identify 13 dimensions underlying responsible consumption and production. They then weigh each dimension according to the preferences of the experts using Delphi and the Analytical Hierarchy Process. After examining the dimensions in the sustainability reports of the selected companies, they rank them using the PROMETHEE and VIKOR techniques. They also show the robustness of the rankings.
Electrically‐Driven Oxygen Vacancy Aggregation and Displacement in YBa2Cu3O7−δ Films
Authors: Collienne Simon , Marinković Stefan , Fernández‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Mestres Narcís , Palau Anna , Silhanek Alejandro V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombining direct visualization of current‐induced oxygen migration through optical microscopy and finite element modeling of driven oxygen diffusion, it is possible to estimate the average activation energy of oxygen motion in the crystallographic ab‐plane of c‐axis oriented polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7−δ films. Experiments and modeling are compared side‐by‐side for the case of constant current electromigration as well as for a train of current pulses of varying amplitude. The simulations reproduce the induced resistance changes after electromigration and confirm a high degree of spatial inhomogeneity in the stoichiometry. Assuming a temperature and oxygen concentration dependent resistivity, the authors are able to capture the change of superconducting critical temperature, normal state resistance, and the development of multistep transitions as a function of the electromigration history. The simulations are further applied to scrutinize the influence of activation energy, disorder in oxygen content, and initial oxygen concentration on the electromigration process. These results shed new light on the non‐local modifications produced by the electromigration process on oxide conductors.
An Optically, Electrically, Magnetically Controllable Dual‐Gate Phototransistor
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Lin , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Lin Jia‐Yu , Chao Yu‐Chieh , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigher data transmission rates, broader bandwidths, better privacy, and security are indispensable for the current information‐explosive age. However, to achieve the desired functionalities still remains as a great challenge. In this study, a two‐terminal, vertical dual‐gate phototransistor, which can be controlled by light, electric and magnetic fields, is proposed, fabricated, and demonstrated. This phototransistor uses a tandem structure composed of an organic solar cell (OSC) of ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PC61BM/MoO3/Ag, a resistive random access memory (RRAM) of Ag/PMMA/Au and a magnetoelectric film with micropyramid structure of PDMS:FeNi/silver nanowires (AgNWs). This device integrates and couples the properties of each individual component enabling to respond to light, electric and magnetic fields and works as a dual‐gate transistor. Compared with conventional transistors, the proposed device carries several intriguing features, such as ultrafast photoresponse time of 3 µs, controllable photocurrent with a variety of external stimuli, high ON/OFF ratio greater than 103, and touchless human–machine interaction. All of the above features are beneficial for high‐speed optical communication and circuit miniaturization. Furthermore, its unique logical characteristics show great potential for information security in the future development of Li‐Fi optical communication.
Seeing the trees for the forest: Adoption dynamics of the Forest Stewardship Council
Authors: Depoorter Charline , Marx Axel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe integration of voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) into public policy (i.e., their institutionalization) is generally considered a driver for their adoption. However, although the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), a leading VSS in forest governance, has been increasingly institutionalized, its adoption has been stagnating recently. To understand what drives this stagnation, we analyze the adoption of FSC certification globally and at the country level over a 20‐year period. We show that the global stagnation in FSC adoption hides distinct adoption dynamics at country level. We highlight three types of country‐level adoption dynamics: stagnation, growth, and decline. Based on selected descriptive country case studies, we explore factors driving these dynamics, with a focus on the role of governments and competition with other VSS.
Mitochondrial genetic diversity and divergence dating of Angolan colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis) in the eastern forests of Kenya and Tanzania: Implications for subspeciation and reconstructing historical biogeography
Authors: McDonald Monica M. , Cunneyworth Pamela M. K. , Anderson Aaron G. , Wroblewski Emily 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhether the Colobus angolensis that reside in the fragmented forests in eastern Kenya and Tanzania represent one subspecies or two has been debated for 50 years. Morphological and more recent genetic and ecological studies suggest that these populations represent two subspecies, C. a. palliatus and C. a. sharpei. However, their distribution of mitochondrial variation remains unresolved since the genetic study only characterized four populations at the range ends. Therefore, we characterized five populations in the area of the hypothesized subspecies divide. We identified eight new haplotypes which, combined with those previously identified, provided 26 haplotypes from nine populations for analysis. Haplotypes found south of the Rufiji River cluster together but separately from northern haplotypes. The largest sequence differences within cytochrome b occur between population pairs representing opposite sides of the river; their mean difference (1.5%) is more than that of other primate subspecies. Analysis of molecular variance attributes most of the variation to that north versus south of the river. These results support the previous subspecies distinction between C. a. palliatus (northern) and C. a. sharpei (southern), divided by the Rufiji River. The estimated time of the most recent common ancestor of all haplotypes indicates that the subspecies have been isolated from each other for approximately 550,000 years. The common ancestor of northern and southern haplogroups was 370,000 and 290,000 years ago, respectively. Nevertheless, the correlation between genetic and geographic distances suggests that isolation‐by‐distance contributed to population structuring. Significant variation among populations, with only three haplotypes shared between populations, also indicates that an extended period of isolation drove population distinctiveness. Considering these results, we evaluate hypotheses about the founding and differentiation of these subspecies during Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and propose a novel, more direct migration route from Central Africa to their current range navigating Lake Tanganyika, the central Tanzanian corridor, and the Rufiji River.
In Operando Identification of In Situ Formed Metalloid Zincδ+ Active Sites for Highly Efficient Electrocatalyzed Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Zhang Xin Yu , Li Wen Jing , Chen Jiacheng , Wu Xue Feng , Liu Yuan Wei , Mao Fangxin , Yuan Hai Yang , Zhu Minghui , Dai Sheng , Wang Hai Feng , Hu P. , Sun Chenghua , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion provides a possible way to address problems associated with the greenhouse effect; however, developing low‐cost electrocatalysts to mediate high‐efficiency CO2 reduction remains a challenge on account of the limited understanding of the nature of the real active sites. Herein, we reveal the Znδ+ metalloid sites as the real active sites of stable nonstoichiometric ZnOx structure derived from Zn2P2O7 through operando X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis in conjunction with evolutionary‐algorithm‐based global optimization. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental results demonstrated that Znδ+ metalloid active sites could facilitate the activation of CO2 and the hydrogenation of *CO2, thus accelerating the CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Our work establishes a critical fundamental understanding of the origin of the real active center in the zinc‐based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction.
Sustainable Afterglow Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Emission Materials Generated Using Natural Phenolics
Authors: Wan Keliang , Zhai Yingxiang , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Li Shujun , Strehmel Bernd , Chen Zhijun , James Tony D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLong‐lived afterglow room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from natural phenolics has seldom been reported yet this is essential for the development of sustainable afterglow RTP materials. With this research, we have prepared sustainable afterglow RTP materials (GA@SA) with a lifetime of up to ≈934.7 ms by embedding gallic acid (GA) within a Ca2+‐crosslinked sodium alginate (SA) matrix. Theoretical simulations indicate that the restricted carbonyl moieties of the GA and H‐type aggregates of GA in a SA matrix promoted the spin orbit coupling (SOC) of GA and induced afterglow emission. Moreover, afterglow RTP emission could be produced by embedding different types of natural phenolics such as, tannic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid into Ca2+‐crosslinked networks of SA. As an illustration of potential applications, GA@SA was used to prepare anti‐counterfeit afterglow clothing and paper. This work provides an innovative method for the activation of long‐lived afterglow RTP from sustainable phenolics.
Expeditious Access to Morphinans by Chemical Synthesis
Authors: White Lorenzo V. , Hu Nan , He Yu‐Tao , Banwell Martin G. , Lan Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMorphinans are essential medicines derived entirely from poppy supply chains rendered increasingly volatile by climate change. Here, we report a seven‐step, asymmetric chemical synthesis of (−)‐codeine from simple materials that requires a total combined reaction time of fewer than 24 hours. The efficiency of our approach arises from a double‐Heck cyclization reaction that generates two rings and two contiguous stereogenic carbon centres in the one pot. A subsequent photo‐redox hydroamination protocol provides a novel, atom‐economical means for assembling the piperidine D‐ring of codeine. Simple modifications to the closing stages of our sequence offer effective access to pharmacologically valuable derivatives of N‐demethyl codeine. Our work highlights the capacity for contemporary, stand‐alone chemical synthesis regimes to diversify access to essential opiate medicines.
Elevated symptoms of executive dysfunction predict lower adaptive functioning in 3‐year‐olds with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Powell Kelly , Macari Suzanne , Brennan‐Wydra Emma , Feiner Hannah , Butler Maureen , Goncalves Fortes Diogo , Boxberger Alexandra , Torres‐Viso Mariana , Morgan Chelsea , Lyons Megan , Chawarska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExecutive functioning (EF) deficits co‐occur frequently with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and have a long‐term detrimental impact on quality of life of children and their families. Timely identification of risk for EF vulnerabilities may hasten access to early intervention and alleviate their long‐term consequences. This study examines (1) if EF deficits are elevated in toddlers with ASD compared to nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, typically developing (TYP) toddlers, and toddlers with atypical developmental presentation; and (2) if EF deficits have a detrimental effect on adaptive functioning in ASD. Participants were recruited between September 2014 and October 2019 and included 73 toddlers with ASD, 33 nonautistic siblings of children with ASD, 35 toddlers with atypical development, and 28 TYP toddlers matched on chronological age (M = 39.01 months, SD = 3.11). EF deficits were measured using the BRIEF‐P; adaptive skills were measured using the VABS‐II. Whenever appropriate, analyses were controlled for MSEL verbal and nonverbal developmental quotient, ADOS‐2 autism severity scores, and sex. Analyses revealed that toddlers with ASD exhibited elevated BRIEF‐P scores across all domains compared to each of the three comparison groups. Higher BRIEF‐P scores were associated with lower adaptive social, communication, and daily living skills while controlling for symptom severity, verbal and nonverbal functioning, and sex. In conclusion, marked vulnerabilities in EF are already present in 3‐year‐old toddlers with ASD and are predictive of the level of adaptive functioning in ASD. EF vulnerabilities in toddlers should be targeted for intervention to improve long‐term outcomes in ASD.Lay SummaryMany children with autism experience vulnerabilities in executive functioning (EF), which may include challenges with inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. The study shows that these vulnerabilities can already be detected at age three and that their presence is linked with lower social, communication, and daily living skills. Screening children with ASD for EF challenges and helping those who have difficulties may improve their long‐term outcomes.
Rezyklierbare Sandschalungen – Auf dem Weg zur Kreislaufproduktion leichter Betonbauteile
Authors: Kovaleva Daria , Nistler Maximilian , Blandini Lucio , Sobek Werner , Verl Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Zeiten des Klimawandels und zunehmender Ressourcenknappheit wird die Bauindustrie mit der wachsenden Dringlichkeit konfrontiert, Ressourcenverbrauch, Emissionen und Abfälle deutlich zu reduzieren. Die Anwendung von Leichtbaustrategien in Verbindung mit Kreislaufproduktionsprozessen bietet einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz für dieses Problem. In dem folgenden Beitrag wird eine Methode zur abfallfreien Produktion leichter Betonbauteile mittels wiederverwertbarer Sandschalungen präsentiert. Der Einsatz von wasserlöslichen Mischungen in einem Pulverbettdruckverfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung von Schalungen für komplexe und optimierte Betonstrukturen und die Wiederverwendung des Schalungsmaterials in nachfolgenden Produktionszyklen (Bild 1). Die einzelnen Schritte des Verfahrens werden detailliert vorgestellt und am Beispiel der Herstellung eines Betonprototyps mit komplexer räumlicher Struktur illustriert.
Development and validation of a ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying free and total dabigatran in human plasma: An application for a bioequivalence study
Authors: Abd Allah Fathy Ibrahim , Ali Almrasy Ahmed , Abdelhmaid Ahmed , Abd‐Elmegid Osama A. , Alkashlan Akram , El‐Attar Abdul‐Aziz M. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDabigatran etexilate mesylate (DABE), a prodrug, quickly changes into dabigatran (DAB) after its oral administration. Accordingly, detecting DABE in plasma is practically unmanageable. An ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) technique was developed and validated to compute free DAB in participants. For the first time, the central composite design, a type of response surface methodology, was applied for optimizing variables affecting the cleavage of glucuronide bond. In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters of generic medication (okanadab) were determined, and the obtained outcomes were compared with those of the branded drug (pradaxa). The sample preparation was done using methanol as a protein precipitant and the separation was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm). The elution was isocratically conducted using 10 mM ammonium formate:methanol (72:28, v/v) as a mobile phase and the flow rate was 0.25 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring and positive electrospray ionization were used. The determination was performed within 1 min, and the calibration growth curve was established over a range of 1.19–475 ng/mL using DAB‐d3 as a tagged internal standard. Bioequivalence research was validated following the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) guidelines for bioanalytical procedures and acceptable outcomes were achieved. The outcomes for okanadab and pradaxa did not differ significantly.