bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some universal patterns in income distribution: An econophysics approach
Authors: Shaikh Anwar , Ragab Amr 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe econophysics “two‐class” approach yields a novel theoretical and empirically robust relation: The per capita income of any bottom fraction (x) of the population equals a(x)∙(1−G) , where a(x) is a coupling coefficient, G the Gini, and is national per capita income. For the bottom 70%, a(70) = 1, which yields the Sen inequality adjustment to the 1993 UNDP Human Development Index, without any reliance on social welfare functions. Alternately, a(80) = 1.1 yields the bottom 80% per capita income (Vast Majority Income). We propose the latter as a new inequality‐adjusted measure of wellbeing.
Diagnostic yield of colonoscopy for organic disease in irritable bowel syndrome and its risk factors: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Jie , Wang Chunlian , Lv Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundColonoscopy is commonly performed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to rule out organic disease. We performed a meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of organic disease detected at colonoscopy in IBS and its potential risk factors.MethodsMedline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched through January 2022. Observational studies that reported diagnostic yield of colonoscopy for organic disease including colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or microscopic colitis (MC) in adult IBS patients were eligible. Pooled prevalence and risk difference (RD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsOf 2490 citations identified, 12 studies were eligible containing 28,630 patients with IBS undergoing colonoscopy. Pooled prevalence of CRC, IBD, and MC in IBS was 0.78%, 4.48%, and 2.35%, respectively. No difference in the yield for CRC, IBD, and MC was seen between IBS and non‐IBS patients. CRC was rare in IBS patients without alarm symptoms or younger than 40 years (<0.1%). Pooled Prevalence of CRC (2.47% vs. 0.11%; RD 2.57%, 95% CI 0.37%–4.78%) and IBD (8.86% vs. 4.25%; RD 10.75%, 95% CI 4.81%–16.68%) was significantly higher in IBS patients with alarm symptoms compared with those without. IBD and MC were more likely to be detected at colonoscopy in IBS‐D compared with IBS‐C. The prevalence of CRC and MC was higher in IBS patients with older age than younger age.ConclusionWe provide the first pooled estimate of yield of colonoscopy in IBS and its risk factors, which may be used to inform clinical decision and support guidelines.
Norges Bank Output Gap Estimates: Forecasting Properties, Reliability, Cyclical Sensitivity and Hysteresis
Authors: Furlanetto Francesco , Hagelund Kåre , Hansen Frank , Robstad Ørjan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper documents the suite of models (SoMs) used by Norges Bank to estimate the output gap. The models are estimated using data on GDP, unemployment, inflation, wages, investment, house prices and credit. We evaluate the estimated output gap series in terms of its forecasting properties, its reliability and its cyclical sensitivity to various measures of demand and supply shocks. A simple equally weighted average of estimates from different models features a better forecasting performance than each individual model. In addition, it helps predicting inflation in pseudo real time and exhibits limited variations when new data become available. The summary measure of potential output responds strongly and rapidly to permanent shocks and to narrative measures of technology shocks but, although to a more limited extent, also to demand shocks, thus partly capturing hysteresis effects.
Association of egg protein levels in dust with allergy status and related factors
Authors: Kojima Reiji , Miyake Kunio , Shinohara Ryoji , Kushima Megumi , Horiuchi Sayaka , Otawa Sanae , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLevels of peanut protein in dust have been reported to be associated with sensitization and allergy to it, so controlling food protein in dust may help prevent food allergy. However, studies of factors associated with egg protein levels in dust are scarce. This study aimed to determine the factors contributing to egg protein levels in dust.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 159 participants in the Sub‐Cohort Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study in Yamanashi Prefecture at a 6 year follow up. House dust at 6 years was collected and egg protein concentrations were measured for whole egg protein. Household factors, including the maternal frequency of egg consumption, were assessed by questionnaires. A linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of household environmental factors on egg protein in dust.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, frequent maternal egg consumption (≥5 times a week) was associated with higher egg protein concentrations in house dust (β = 0.96, P = 0.01). The egg protein load was significantly associated with a higher number of cohabitants (≥5, β = 0.85, P = 0.02) in addition to frequent maternal egg consumption. Among the participants, 140 (88.1%) had no egg allergy, 15 (9.4%) were egg tolerant, and 4 (2.5%) had an egg allergy at 6 years old. There was no significant association between the current egg allergy status and egg protein concentrations in dust.ConclusionsThe frequency of maternal egg consumption and the number of inhabitants are contributing factors to egg protein levels in dust.
Pre‐transplant angiotensin II receptor type I antibodies in pediatric renal transplant recipients: An observational cohort study
Authors: Pizzo Helen , Mirocha James , Choi Jua , Garrison Jonathan , Haas Mark , Zhang Xiaohai , Kamil Elaine S. , Kim Irene , Jordan Stanley C. , Puliyanda Dechu P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies (AT1R‐Ab) in pediatric renal transplantation is unclear. Here, we evaluated pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab on transplant outcomes in the first 5 years. Secondary analysis compared pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab levels by age.MethodsThirty‐six patients, 2–20 years old, were divided into two groups: pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab− (<17 U/ml; n = 18) and pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab+ (≥17 U/ml; n = 18). eGFR was determined at 6‐month, 1‐, 2‐, and 4‐year post‐transplant. Allograft biopsies were performed in the setting of strong HLA‐DSA (MFI > 10 000), AT1R‐Ab ≥17 U/ml, and/or elevated creatinine.ResultsMean age in pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab− was 13.3 years vs. 11.0 in pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab+ (p = 0.16). At 6 months, mean eGFR was 111.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 in pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab− vs. 100.2 in pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab + at 1 year, 103.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 100.5; at 2 years, 98.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. and 93.7; at 4 years, 72.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 80.9. 11/36 patients had acute rejection (6 in pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab−, 5 in pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab + ). There was no difference in rejection rates. All 6 subjects with de novo HLA‐DSA and AT1R‐Ab ≥17 U/ml at the time of biopsy experienced rejection. Mean age in those with the AT1R‐Ab ≥40 U/ml was 10.0 years vs. 13.2 in those <40 U/ml (p = 0.07).ConclusionIn our small cohort, pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab ≥17 U/ml was not associated with reduced graft function or rejection. The pathogenicity of pre‐transplant AT1R‐Ab in pediatric kidney transplantation requires further investigation.
Clinicopathological significance of the overexpression of MUC1 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma and possible application as a diagnostic marker
Authors: Kobayashi Go , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Sentani Kazuhiro , Takemoto Kenshiro , Sekino Yohei , Uraoka Naohiro , Hanamoto Masanori , Nose Hiroyuki , Teishima Jun , Arihiro Koji , Hinata Nobuyuki , Oue Naohide 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMucin 1 (MUC1) overexpression has been reported in many malignancies and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the clinicopathological significance of MUC1 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has not been investigated. We analyzed the expression and distribution of MUC1 in UTUC by immunohistochemistry. In normal urothelium, MUC1 expression was observed on the surface of umbrella cells. Meanwhile, the strong expression of MUC1 was observed in cell membranes and cytoplasm in UTUC tissues, and it was detected in 64 (58%) of a total of 110 UTUC cases. MUC1‐positive UTUC cases were associated with nodular/flat morphology, high grade, high T stage, and lymphatic and venous invasion and poor prognosis. Additionally, MUC1 expression was associated with high expression of Ki‐67, programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p53 in UTUC. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry for MUC1 on urine cytology slides demonstrated that the strong staining of MUC1 was more frequently found in tumor cells than in nonneoplastic cells. The diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology was improved by combining MUC1 immunostaining with cytology. These results suggest that MUC1 may be a prognostic biomarker in UTUC, and MUC1 exression has a potential application as a diagnostic immunomarker for urine cytology.
Integrating advancements in root phenotyping and genome‐wide association studies to open the root genetics gateway
Authors: Abbas Mubashir , Abid Muhammad Ali , Meng Zhigang , Abbas Manzar , Wang Peilin , Lu Chao , Askari Muhammad , Akram Umar , Ye Yulu , Wei Yunxiao , Wang Yuan , Guo Sandui , Liang Chengzhen , Zhang Rui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant adaptation to challenging environmental conditions around the world has made root growth and development an important research area for plant breeders and scientists. Targeted manipulation of root system architecture (RSA) to increase water and nutrient use efficiency can minimize the adverse effects of climate change on crop production. However, phenotyping of RSA is a major bottleneck since the roots are hidden in the soil. Recently the development of 2‐ and 3D root imaging techniques combined with the genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have opened up new research tools to identify the genetic basis of RSA. These approaches provide a comprehensive understanding of the RSA, by accelerating the identification and characterization of genes involved in root growth and development. This review summarizes the latest developments in phenotyping techniques and GWAS for RSA, which are used to map important genes regulating various aspects of RSA under varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, we discussed about the state‐of‐the‐art image analysis tools integrated with various phenotyping platforms for investigating and quantifying root traits with the highest phenotypic plasticity in both artificial and natural environments which were used for large scale association mapping studies, leading to the identification of RSA phenotypes and their underlying genetics with the greatest potential for RSA improvement. In addition, challenges in root phenotyping and GWAS are also highlighted, along with future research directions employing machine learning and pan‐genomics approaches.
Genome‐wide identification, phylogeny, and gene duplication of the epigenetic regulators in Fagaceae
Authors: Alves Sofia , Braga Ângelo , Parreira Denise , Alhinho Ana Teresa , Silva Helena , Ramos Miguel Jesus Nunes , Costa Maria Manuela Ribeiro , Morais‐Cecílio Leonor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEpigenetic regulators are proteins involved in controlling gene expression. Information about the epigenetic regulators within the Fagaceae, a relevant family of trees and shrubs of the northern hemisphere ecosystems, is scarce. With the intent to characterize these proteins in Fagaceae, we searched for orthologs of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and demethylases (DDMEs) and Histone modifiers involved in acetylation (HATs), deacetylation (HDACs), methylation (HMTs), and demethylation (HDMTs) in Fagus, Quercus, and Castanea genera. Blast searches were performed in the available genomes, and freely available RNA‐seq data were used to de novo assemble transcriptomes. We identified homologs of seven DNMTs, three DDMEs, six HATs, 11 HDACs, 32 HMTs, and 21 HDMTs proteins. Protein analysis showed that most of them have the putative characteristic domains found in these protein families, which suggests their conserved function. Additionally, to elucidate the evolutionary history of these genes within Fagaceae, paralogs were identified, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with DNA and histone modifiers. We detected duplication events in all species analyzed with higher frequency in Quercus and Castanea and discuss the evidence of transposable elements adjacent to paralogs and their involvement in gene duplication. The knowledge gathered from this work is a steppingstone to upcoming studies concerning epigenetic regulation in this economically important family of Fagaceae.
A risk science perspective on liability/guilt and uncertainty judgements in courts
Authors: Aven Terje , Flage Roger 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article aims to provide new insights about risk and uncertainty in law contexts, by incorporating ideas and principles of contemporary risk science. The main focus is on one particular aspect of the law: its operation in courts where a defendant has been charged with a violation of civil or criminal law. Judgements about risk and uncertainty—typically using the probability concept—and how these relate to the evidence play a central role in such situations. The decision on whether the defendant is liable/guilty or not may strongly depend on how these concepts are understood and communicated. Considerable work has been conducted to provide theoretical and practical foundations for the risk and uncertainty characterizations in these contexts. Yet, it can be argued that a proper foundation for linking the evidence and the uncertainty (probability) judgements is lacking, the result being poor communication in courts about risk and uncertainties. The present article seeks to clarify what the problems are and provide guidance on how to rectify them.
E‐learning/online education in transfusion medicine: A cross‐sectional international survey
Authors: Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Peterson David , Vanden Broeck Jana , Das Soumya , Saxon Ben , Lin Yulia , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , So‐Osman Cynthia , Stanworth Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis survey aims to assess the scope of transfusion e‐learning courses in blood establishments and transfusion services internationally.BackgroundE‐learning/online education is increasingly used in the education of medical professionals. There is limited published data on the use of e‐learning for transfusion medicine.Material and MethodsAn International survey was designed and distributed to all members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion to assess utilisation of e‐learning in their institutions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results.ResultsA total of 177 respondents participated, 68 of which had e‐learning modules in their institutions. Approximately two‐thirds of the courses were developed in‐house (66%), and 63% are available to learners from outside the host institutions. In one‐third of institutions, these courses were established during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while 15% had used e‐learning courses for more than 10 years.The courses target different audiences and topics ranging from blood donation to hemovigilance. The most common audiences were physicians (71%), laboratory scientists/technologists (69%) and transfusion practitioners (63%). Formal assessment of learning outcomes is used in 70% of the programs.ConclusionsThe survey demonstrates the widespread use of e‐learning courses in transfusion education, with a substantial proportion being developed during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Evaluation of a modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures scoring system in staged bilateral tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedures and comparison of first and second side radiographic bone healing
Authors: Walker Kyle J. , Litterine‐Kaufman John , Barnes Roy F. , French John M. , Tsai Steven L. , Keys Deborah A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures (mRUST), a semiquantitative scoring system, as compared with the subjective evaluation of radiographic union for staged TPLOs.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsForty‐eight dogs, 96 stifles.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for dogs with bilateral cranial cruciate ligament injuries diagnosed at presentation that underwent staged bilateral TPLOs within 6 months and had both immediate and recheck postoperative radiographs. Radiographs were anonymized, reviewers were blinded, radiographic union was evaluated subjectively, and TPLO mRUST scores were assigned.ResultsThe subjective evaluation's intra‐rater reliability was 0.72 (Kappa 95% CI 0.65‐0.79) and inter‐rater reliability was 0.33 (Kappa 95% CI 0.28‐0.39). The TPLO mRUST scoring system intra‐rater reliability was 0.73 (95% CI 0.68‐0.78) and inter‐rater reliability was 0.56 (95% CI 0.41‐0.68). There was no difference in the degree of bone healing quantified by the TPLO mRUST scoring system (95% CI ‐ 0.1‐1.2, P = .09) or subjective evaluation (P = .48) between the first and second side TPLOs. The TPLO mRUST scores were positively correlated with subjective healing (r = 0.94, 95% CI 0.92‐0.96, P < .0001, and for scores ≥10/12, 99%, 244/246) were subjectively assigned as radiographically healed.ConclusionThe TPLO mRUST scoring system improved inter‐rater reliability compared to subjective evaluation of radiographic union.Clinical significanceThe TPLO mRUST scoring system should be considered as a semiquantitative supplemental tool for evaluating radiographic union.
A simplified method for monitoring cytokines in wound fluid
Authors: Burian Ewa Anna , Enevold Christian , Karlsmark Tonny , Ågren Magnus S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCytokines in wound fluid are used as surrogates for wound healing in clinical research. The current methods used to collect and process wound fluid are noninvasive but not optimal. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate a method (NovaSwab) by which wound fluid is collected by a surface swab and eluted in a physiological buffer for subsequent cytokine analysis. Wound fluid from 12 patients with leg ulcers was assessed by NovaSwab at the start (Day 0) and at the end of a 23‐h collection period of wound fluid retained by foam oblates beneath an occlusive film dressing (Day 1). GM‐CSF, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, PDGF‐AA, TNF‐α and VEGF levels were measured by multiplex and electrochemiluminescence assays. IL‐1α (2.4×), IL‐1β (2.0×) and IL‐8 (1.8×) levels increased from Day 0 to Day 1 as detected by NovaSwab, indicating local production of these polypeptides in the wounds. On Day 1, the NovaSwab method yielded higher levels of IL‐1α (4.0×), IL‐1β (2.7×) and IL‐6 (2.7×), and 35% lower levels of VEGF than those in wound fluid accumulated for 23 h in foam oblates (on average, 5 ml of wound fluid). In vitro experiments showed that the investigated cytokines in cell‐free wound fluid were recovered in a quantitative manner by the NovaSwab method. We conclude that the method presented here is a promising research tool to study the kinetics of soluble cytokines over the course of wound healing. More studies are needed to determine the interobserver variation and reproducibility of the NovaSwab method.
Natural Convection From an Isothermally Heated Hollow Vertical Cylinder Submerged in Quiescent Power-Law Fluids
Authors: Rana Basanta Kumar , Senapati Jnana Ranjan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An attempt has been made to study the natural convection around a hollow vertical cylinder numerically which is suspended in motionless power-law fluids in the laminar range. The influence of various non-dimensional pertinent parameters, such as Grashof number (10 ≤ Gr ≤ 105), Prandtl number (0.71 ≤ Pr ≤ 100), and power-law index (0.2 ≤ n ≤ 1.8) on thermofluid characteristics around the hollow cylinder, is predicted computationally. Simulations are performed by varying the cylindrical aspect ratio (L/D) over the range of 1 ≤ L/D ≤ 20. It is reported that the average Nusselt number appreciably grows with the rise of Gr or/and Pr for a constant L/D. Moreover, the rate of rising of Nusselt number (Nu) with Gr or/and Pr strongly depends upon the power-law index (n); i.e., Nu finds a stronger dependence on Gr than that of Pr with a lower value of n (shear-thinning fluids, (n &lt; 1)) and a completely different pattern has been noticed in shear-thickening fluids (n &gt; 1). Furthermore, the average Nu on the outer wall (Nuouter) grows approximately in a linear way with an increase in aspect ratio for a particular Gr, Pr, and n. In contrast, Nuinner drops drastically and almost attains the asymptotic trend at a greater value of aspect ratio for lower Gr or/and Pr. The decreasing pattern of Nuinner is found to be remarkably steep for n &lt; 1 (shear-thinning fluids) in comparison to n &gt; 1 (shear-thickening fluids). Correlations are developed for Nuouter and Nuinner in terms of Gr, Pr, n, and L/D, which operate extremely well within ± 6% of the computational data.
Practice Schedules Affect How Learners Correct Their Errors: Secondary Analysis From a Contextual Interference Study
Authors: Taylor Sarah , Fawver Bradley , Thomas Joseph L. , Williams A. Mark , Lohse Keith R. 
Published: September 2022

Contextual interference is an established phenomenon in learning research; random practice schedules are associated with poorer performance, but superior learning, compared with blocked practice schedules. We present a secondary analysis of N = 84 healthy young adults, replicating the contextual interference effect in a time estimation task. We used the determinant of a correlation matrix to measure the amount of order in participant responses. We calculated this determinant in different phase spaces: trial space, the determinant of the previous five trials (lagged constant error 0–4); and target space, the determinant of the previous five trials of the same target. In trial space, there was no significant difference between groups (p = .98) and no Group × Lag interaction (p = .54), although there was an effect of Lag (p < .01). In target space, there were effects of Group (p = .02), Lag (p < .01), and a Group × Lag interaction (p = .03). Ultimately, randomly scheduled practice was associated with adaptive corrections but positive correlations between errors from trial to trial (e.g., overshoots followed by smaller overshoots). Blocked practice was associated with more adaptive corrections but uncorrelated responses. Our findings suggest that random practice leads to the retrieval and updating of the target from memory, facilitating long-term retention and transfer.