bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vorbegriffliche Konzepte der Mathematik
Authors: Witte Jörg 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungEin mathematischer Gegenstand kann durch einen geeigneten Begriff charakterisiert, aber nicht empirisch erkannt werden. Ein erheblicher Teil der mathematischen Forschung widmete sich der Bildung derartiger Begriffe. Wie kann aber ein Begriff über Gegenstände gebildet werden, die der Empirie nicht zugänglich sind? Diese Frage bringt die Schwierigkeiten auf den Punkt, mathematische Begriffe zu lernen und zu lehren. Hier wird dargelegt, dass der mathematischen Begriffsbildung vorbegriffliche Konzepte vorangehen. Ein vorbegriffliches Konzept ist eine Zusammenfassung von Regeln, die oft implizit befolgt werden, und mit denen ein Gegenstand konstruiert werden kann. Dabei wird an dem handlungsorientierten Ansatz der Begriffsbildung von Piaget und Aebli angeknüpft, jedoch wird er durch vorbegriffliche Konzepte der Motorik für die Geometrie sowie der Gedächtnisoperationen Merken und Erinnern für die Arithmetik ergänzt. Z. B. erfahren wir das Merkmal der Rekursion, wenn der Gegenstand einer Erinnerung wiederum eine Erinnerung enthält. Wir nennen sie eine rekursive Erinnerung. Durch sie erfahren wir eine zeitliche Ordnung und machen uns mit Merkmalen der linearen Ordnung vertraut. Ein Merkschritt, in dem wir uns die Existenz eines Gegenstandes sowie eine Erinnerung an den unmittelbar vorangegangenen Merkschritt merken, insofern er stattgefunden hat, hat alle Eigenschaften einer natürlichen Zahl. Die impliziten Regeln vorbegrifflicher Konzepte elementarer mathematischer Begriffe werden expliziert, so dass ein Lernender die Begriffsbildung sowie die Begriffe mit ihren logischen Konsequenzen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten besser nachvollziehen kann.
Why do people stay put in environmentally stressful regions? Cognitive bias and heuristics in migration decision-making
Authors: Czaika Mathias , Reinprecht Constantin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmentally induced migration and mobility receives high attention in politics, media, and academia, even though non-migration is of much greater scale and probably the less understood phenomenon. The decision to leave or to stay put in an environmentally stressful region is a decision taken in the context of personal needs and aspirations, and uncertain survival and livelihood opportunities elsewhere. Information and expectations about migratory options and challenges are always incomplete, and whether migration, or rather non-migration, turns out as the personally more beneficial option depends on circumstances that are ex ante unknown and ex post not fully under control of the potential out-migrant. We argue that—despite exposure to severe environmental stress in a region—voluntary non-migration can be a viable outcome of a conscious but sometimes biased cognitive process. By highlighting the role of some relevant search and decision heuristics, we discuss why people around the globe decide to stay put in an environmentally stressful home region—despite favorable migratory options and sufficient resources for realizing opportunities elsewhere.
Spectra of Groups
Authors: Facchini Alberto , de Giovanni Francesco , Trombetti Marco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of prime and semiprime subgroups of groups, and their relation with the existence of abelian normal subgroups. In particular, we study the set Spec(G) of all prime subgroups of a group G endowed with the Zariski topology and, among other examples, we construct an infinite group whose proper normal subgroups are prime and form a descending chain of type ω + 1.
Coulomb Interaction Engineering at YBa$$_{2}$$Cu$$_3$$O$$_{7-\delta }$$-SrTiO$$_{3}$$ Interface
Authors: La Mattina F. , Erni R. , Rossell M. D. , Bona G.-L. , Shengelaya A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been proposed by Müller and Shengelaya that underdoped ultrathin layers of copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) sandwiched between high-dielectric-constant insulator layers could manifest increased superconducting critical temperature $$T_c$$

T
c

. To check this hypothesis, we investigated structural and transport properties of YBa$$_{2}$$

2

Cu$$_{3}$$

3

O$$_{7-\delta }$$

7
-
δ

(YBCO) thin films sandwiched between SrTiO$$_{3}$$

3

(STO) layers. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) showed that a high-quality interface is formed between YBCO and the top STO layers. An increase of $$T_c$$

T
c

up to $$\Delta$$
Δ
T$$\approx$$
≈
20 K was observed at these interfaces in case of underdoped YBCO films.
Bioactive lipid screening during respiratory tract infections with bacterial and viral pathogens in mice
Authors: Schultz Daniel , Cuypers Fabian , Skorka Sebastian B. , Rockstroh Jan , Gesell Salazar Manuela , Krieger Jakob , Albrecht Dirk , Völker Uwe , Hammerschmidt Sven , Lalk Michael , Siemens Nikolai , Methling Karen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Respiratory tract infections are a worldwide health problem for humans and animals. Different cell types produce lipid mediators in response to infections, which consist of eicosanoids like hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) or oxylipins like hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids (HDHAs). Both substance classes possess immunomodulatory functions. However, little is known about their role in respiratory infections.

Objectives
Here, we aimed to analyze the lipid mediator imprint of different organs of C57BL/6J mice after intranasal mono-infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Staphylococcus aureus or Influenza A virus (IAV) as wells as pneumococcal-IAV co-infection.

Methods
C57BL/6J mice were infected with different pathogens and lungs, spleen, and plasma were collected. Lipid mediators were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, spatial-distribution of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide 1-phosphates (C1P) in tissue samples was examined using MALDI-MS-Imaging. The presence of bacterial pathogens in the lung was confirmed via immunofluorescence staining.

Results
We found IAV specific changes for different HDHAs and HETEs in mouse lungs as well as enhanced levels of 20-HETE in severe S. aureus infection. Moreover, MALDI-MS-Imaging analysis showed an accumulation of C1P and a decrease of S1P during co-infection in lung and spleen. Long chain C1P was enriched in the red and not in the white pulp of the spleen.

Conclusions
Lipid mediator analysis showed that host synthesis of bioactive lipids is in part specific for a certain pathogen, in particular for IAV infection. Furthermore, MS-Imaging displayed great potential to study infections and revealed changes of S1P and C1P in lungs and spleen of co-infected animals, which was not described before.
Dietary Selenium Intake and Kidney Stones in Old Adults: an Analysis from NHANES 2011 to 2018
Authors: Qi Qiao , Hu Yongtao , Chen Yang , Xu Yuexian , Hao Zongyao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The association between dietary selenium intake and kidney stones remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between dietary selenium intake and kidney stones in older adults. A total of 6669 adults aged ≥ 60 years who had participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011–2018 were enrolled in the current study. The correlation between dietary selenium intake and kidney stones was assessed by the logistic regression analysis. Smooth curve fitting was used to explore the potential non-linear relationship and subgroup analyses were further adopted. After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of kidney stones for per standard deviation increment in dietary selenium intake was 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) overall. Compared with the lowest quartile, the ORs (95% CIs) with increasing quartiles were 0.88 (0.71, 1.08), 0.82 (0.66, 1.02), and 0.79 (0.64, 0.97). In addition, smooth curve fitting and stratified analyses showed that there was a non-linear and stable correlation between dietary selenium intake and the occurrence of kidney stones respectively. For adults aged over 60, dietary selenium intake was inversely correlated with kidney stones, and this relationship remained after adjusting for other confounding variables. Further researches are needed to explore the potential mechanism between dietary selenium intake and kidney stones.
Higher Quantity, Higher Quality? Current Publication Trends of the Most Productive Journal Authors on the Field of Communication Studies
Authors: Demeter Márton , Pelle Veronika , Mikulás Gábor , Goyanes Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the publication trajectories of the most productive scholars in communication and media studies between 2015 and 2019. Based on the analysis of 1482 papers of the top-publishing one hundred communication scholars, we identified 126 Scopus-indexed journals in which leading scholars publish, and also examine the main publication clusters. Our results suggest that amongst the most productive authors, quantity does not go to the detriment of quality as the most prolific scholars usually publish in the most prestigious journals of the field. Besides defining thematic clusters, we also identified the most important networks of journals that are the most popular amongst prolific researchers.
Impact of Freeze-Drying on the Determination of the Geographical Origin of Almonds (Prunus dulcis Mill.) by Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: Lösel Henri , Shakiba Navid , Wenck Soeren , Le Tan Phat , Arndt Maike , Seifert Stephan , Hackl Thomas , Fischer Markus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a proven tool for the determination of food authenticity, mainly because of good classification results and the possibility of industrial use due to its easy and fast application. Since water shows broad absorption bands, the water content of a sample should be as low as possible. Freeze-drying is a commonly used preparatory step for this to reduce the water content in the sample. However, freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is very time-consuming impeding the widespread usage of NIR analysis as a rapid method for incoming goods inspections. We used a sample set of 72 almond samples from six economically relevant almond-producing countries to investigate the question of how important lyophilization is to obtain a well-performing classification model. For this approach, the samples were ground and lyophilized for 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h and compared to non-freeze-dried samples. Karl-Fischer titration of non-lyophilized samples showed that water contents ranged from 3.0 to 10.5% and remained constant at 0.36 ± 0.13% after a freeze-drying period of 24 h. The non-freeze-dried samples showed a classification accuracy of 93.9 ± 6.4%, which was in the same range as the samples which were freeze-dried for 3 h (94.2 ± 7.8%), 24 h (92.5 ± 8.7%), and 48 h (95.0 ± 9.0%). Feature selection was performed using the Boruta algorithm, which showed that signals from lipids and proteins are relevant for the origin determination. The presented study showed that samples with low water content, especially nuts, can be analyzed without the time-consuming preparation step of freeze-drying to obtain robust and fast results, which are especially required for incoming goods inspection.
Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Paleoclimate of the Bhuban Formation Exposed in Jampui Hills, Tripura Fold Belt, Tripura, India: Insights from Petrography and Clay Mineralogy
Authors: Borgohain Kashyap , Sarmah Ranjan Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The sandstones of the Bhuban Formation (Miocene) exposed in the Jampui hills of Tripura Fold Belt, India has been studied for provenance, tectonic setting and paleoclimate using the petrography, heavy mineral assemblage and clay mineral studies. The detrital mode of the sandstones indicate that the sediments consists predominantly of detrital quartz (avg. 92.19%), with subordinate proportions of feldspar (avg. 4.55%) and rock fragments (avg. 3.25%). The provenance discrimination diagrams depict the derivation of the detritus from both plutonic and metamorphic source rocks having affinity to continental block provenance. The plots of QFR and semi quantitative weathering index of the clastics support a moderate degree of paleoweathering in the source area under humid climatic condition. The presence of zircon, tourmaline, rutile, kyanite, epidote, sillimanite and garnet in the Bhuban sandstones is ascribed to the provenance of plutonic and metamorphic rocks. Dominance of zircon in the heavy mineral assemblage and the ZTR index values (75.13% avg.) indicate towards moderate degree of maturity with long distance of transport. The study of the shale samples by XRD and SEM analyses shows the dominance of illite over kaolinite and montmorillonite. The presence of minor amount of montmorillonite may suggest the addition of tuff and volcanic ash in the sediments under alkaline environment.
Eruption pattern of the maxillary canines: features indicating treatment needs as seen in PTG at the late mixed stage—Part II
Authors: Ristaniemi J. , Karjalainen T. , Kujasalo K. , Rajala W. , Pesonen P. , Lähdesmäki R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim
To describe features of maxillary permanent canines in the late mixed stage as seen in panoramic radiograph (PTG) that later needed treatment to erupt into the oral cavity and to compare them with naturally erupted canines.

Methods
The cross-sectional part of this retrospective register-based study consisted of 1454 PTGs of children (mean age 9.3 years) living in Eastern Finland, while the longitudinal part involved patient data on 184 treated maxillary canines. The variables examined were treatment needs, overlapping and inclination of the maxillary canines, the development stage of the canines and lateral incisors and dental age.

Results
Only 11.6% of the maxillary canines needed treatment, including interceptive procedures. The treated canines significantly more often had overlapping (p < 0.001), larger inclination (p = 0.001) and incomplete lateral incisors (p = 0.002) than did the naturally erupted canines. The children treated significantly more often had a delayed dental age (p = 0.035). Clear overlapping was closely associated with all treatment modalities, whereas some overlapping and a large inclination angle (≥ 25°) were associated especially in cases of late treatment. An incomplete lateral incisor and delayed dental age were associated with treatment.

Conclusion
An association with treatment needs was found especially in the case of overlapping and a large inclination angle of the maxillary canine a couple of years before eruption into the oral cavity. These features can be early signs and indications for instant or later treatment of a maxillary canine and underline the importance of monitoring space conditions and erupting canines.
Klinische Aspekte der Knochenmarködeme: eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Stojanovska Klementina , Schirmer Michael 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungÜber das primäre Knochenmarködemsyndrom (KM-Ödemsyndrom) ist in der Literatur relativ wenig bekannt. Aufgrund dieser Übersichtsarbeit erscheint es sinnvoll, Klassifikationskriterien zu entwickeln, mit klarer Unterscheidung zwischen primärem und sekundärem KM-Ödemsyndrom. Auf dieser Basis können dann in der Folge Outcomeparameter besser definiert und validiert werden, um größere randomisierte, möglichst doppelblinde Studien sowohl für pharmakologische als auch nichtpharmakologische Therapieverfahren zu initiieren.
Changes in Companion Diagnostic Labelling: Implementation of FDA’s April 2020 Guidance for Industry for In Vitro CDx Labeling for Specific Oncology Therapeutic Groups
Authors: Cooper Lisa , Chen Joyce 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdvanced understanding of the molecular pathways of oncologic diseases has shifted therapeutic treatment development to focus on mechanism of actions targeting specific genomic alterations. These precision medicines are indicated for patient subsets defined by these specific mutations as determined by diagnostic devices approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Intended Use section within the companion diagnostic (CDx) labeling has historically specified the therapeutic products for which they have been clinically validated. In April 2020, the FDA reiterated their position that therapeutic class labeling may be used, if appropriate, instead of named products. Labels for FDA approved in vitro CDxs were reviewed to evaluate the implementation of therapeutic class labeling. A total of 47 devices have been approved as of 2 January 2022, of which 3 labels were found to contain therapeutic class labeling: two devices targeting EGFR mutations for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and one targeting BRAF V600E and BRAF/MEK inhibitor combinations for melanoma. Two devices received therapeutic class labeling upon initial approval, while the third implemented the language though a label revision. A total of 25 different indications were identified across the 47 CDx devices, of which 9 (34.6%) were associated with more than 1 CDx device. Implementation of therapeutic class labeling has been slow following the release of the FDA’s April 2020 guidance; however, the potential to incorporate such language into existing and newly approved CDx labels exists. Precedence and manufacturer experience are expected to drive an increase in therapeutic class labeling.
Optimal Decision Making for Fractional Multi-commodity Network Flow Problem in a Multi-choice Fuzzy Stochastic Hybrid Environment
Authors: Bavandi S. , Nasseri S. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a fractional multi-commodity network flow problem with multi-choice parameters is studied under hybrid fuzzy-stochastic conditions. In this problem, coefficients of the objective function in both the nominator and denominator take the form of multi-choice parameters, with the alternative choices for the nominator and denominator of the fraction being represented by fuzzy-stochastic and fuzzy variables, respectively. The arc capacities are also considered as fuzzy-stochastic variables. The main goal of the present research is to provide the decision-maker with a model by the help of which he/she can manage unknown factors across a multi-commodity network. Given that this problem is herein investigated in a hybrid fuzzy-stochastic environment and includes multi-choice parameters, we use the probability-possibility approach, Lagrange interpolating polynomial, and the Charnes–Cooper variable transformation technique to convert the problem into a deterministic one. Finally, efficiency of the proposed model is evaluated by presenting a couple of numerical instances.
Impact of tank gravimetric efficiency on propulsion system integration for a first-generation hydrogen civil airliner
Authors: Huete J. , Nalianda D. , Pilidis P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCivil aircraft that fly long ranges consume a large fraction of civil aviation fuel, injecting an important amount of aviation carbon into the atmosphere. Decarbonising solutions must consider this sector. A philosophical-analytical feasibility of an airliner family to assist in the elimination of carbon dioxide emissions from civil aviation is proposed. It comprises four models based on the integration of the body of a large two-deck airliner with the engines, wings and flight surfaces of a long-range twin widebody jet. The objective of the investigation presented here is to evaluate the impact of liquid hydrogen tank technology in terms of gravimetric efficiency. A range of hydrogen storage gravimetric efficiencies was evaluated; from a pessimistic value of 0.30 to a futuristic value of 0.85. This parameter has a profound influence on the overall fuel system weight and an impact on the integrated performance. The resulting impact is relatively small for the short-range aircraft; it increases with range and is important for the longer-range aircraft. For shorter-range aircraft variants, the tanks needed to store the hydrogen are relatively small, so the impact of tank weight is not significant. Longer range aircraft are weight constrained and the influence of tank weight is important. In the case of the longest range, the deliverable distance increases from slightly over 4,000 nautical miles, with a gravimetric efficiency of 0.3, to nearly 7,000 with a gravimetric efficiency of 0.85.
The use of augmented reality for patient and significant other stroke education: a feasibility study
Authors: Finch Emma , Minchell Ellie , Cameron Ashley , Jaques Katherine , Lethlean Jennifer , Shah Darshan , Moro Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground:Stroke education is a key factor in minimising secondary stroke risk, yet worldwide stroke education rates are low. Technology has the potential to increase stroke education accessibility. One technology that could be beneficial is augmented reality (AR). We developed and trialled a stroke education lesson using an AR application with stroke patients and significant others.Methods:A feasibility study design was used. Following development of the AR stroke education lesson, 19 people with stroke and three significant others trialled the lesson then completed a customised mixed method questionnaire. The lesson involved narrated audio while participants interacted with a model brain via a tablet. Information about participant recruitment and retention, usage, and perceptions were collected.Results:Fifty-eight percent (n = 22) of eligible individuals consented to participate. Once recruited, 100% of participants (n = 22) were retained. Ninety percent of participants used the lesson once. Most participants used the application independently (81.82%, n = 18), had positive views about the lesson (over 80% across items including enjoyment, usefulness and perception of the application as a good learning tool) and reported improved confidence in stroke knowledge (72.73%, n = 16). Confidence in stroke knowledge post-lesson was associated with comfort using the application (p = 0.046, Fisher’s exact test) and perception of the application as a good learning tool (p = 0.009, Fisher’s exact test).Conclusions:Technology-enhanced instruction in the form of AR is feasible for educating patients and significant others about stroke. Further research following refinement of the lesson is required.