bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Hospitalization with Symptomatic COVID-19 Illness Among Pregnant Individuals: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Arriola Carmen Sofia , Li De Kun , Muñoz Flor , Daugherty Michael , Doughty-Skierski Caroline , Ellington Sascha , Ferber Jeannette , Ferguson Nickolas , Greenberg Mara , Hadden Louise , Henderson Jillian T , Irving Stephanie A , Juergens Mary , Kancharla Venkatesh , Naleway Allison L , Newes-Adeyi Gabriella , Nicholson Erin , Odouli Roxana , Reichle Lawrence , Sanyang Mo , Dawood Fatimah S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Pregnant individuals are at increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death, and primary and booster COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for this population.

Methods
Among a cohort of pregnant individuals who received prenatal care at three healthcare systems in the United States, we estimated the cumulative incidence of hospitalization with symptomatic COVID-19 illness. We also identified factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalization using a multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model with pregnancy weeks as the timescale and a time-varying adjustor that accounted for SARS-CoV-2 circulation; model covariates included site, age, race, ethnicity, insurance status, pre-pregnancy weight status, and selected underlying medical conditions. Data were collected primarily through medical record extraction.

Results
Among 19,456 pregnant individuals with an estimated due date March 1, 2020-February 28, 2021, 75 (0.4%) were hospitalized with symptomatic COVID-19. Factors associated with hospitalization for symptomatic COVID-19 were Hispanic ethnicity (aHR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3,5.5), native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander race (aHR: 12; 95% CI: 3.2,45.5), age &lt;25 years (aHR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.3,7.6), pre-pregnancy obesity (aHR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1,3.9), diagnosis of a metabolic disorder (aHR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2,3.8), lung disease excluding asthma (aHR: 49; 95% CI: 28,84) and cardiovascular disease (aHR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5,4.7).

Conclusion
Although hospitalization with symptomatic COVID-19 was uncommon, pregnant individuals should be aware of risk factors associated with severe illness when considering COVID-19 vaccination.
Dynamics of expectations in the bioeconomy—Hopes, disillusionments, and conflicting futures
Authors: Ahola-Launonen Johanna , Kurki Sofi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The initial European Union bioeconomy policies have been criticized for their overriding economic emphasis at the cost of social and environmental sustainability. The updated policy aims to respond to more ambitious sustainability goals but fails to do so coherently. In this article, we examine the dynamics of bioeconomy expectations. We analyze the development of bioeconomy policy as a technoscientific imaginary by dissecting the changed expectations, their underlying tensions, and the directions to which their combinations guide policymaking. We find that the revised expectations are contradictory and culminate in two key tensions regarding the bioeconomy’s expected scale and socioeconomic paradigm. To enable assessment of the outcomes of conflicting expectations, we examine images of potential futures that rise up from combinations of the key tensions. For this, we use a framework of the four generic scenario narratives. The analysis provides a tool for reflection for assessing the directions and priorities of evolving bioeconomy discourse and policy.
BVI introduces new reserved power trust legislation
Authors: McKenzie Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
When trusts in international financial centres are established, settlors will inevitably require a certain level of comfort by ensuring that certain critical powers are reserved by themselves or are granted to others such as protectors. The British Virgin Islands was the first jurisdiction to introduce legislative provisions expressly permitting this and these legislative provisions were contained in section 86 of the Trustee Act which came into force on 1 November 1993. Since then, numerous competitor jurisdictions had introduced legislation in relation to reserved powers and inevitably, given the passage of time, such legislation tended to be somewhat more comprehensive and rather clearer than that which was contained in section 86. The new version of section 86 of the Trustee Act was prepared after analysing the laws of the British Virgin Islands’ competitors and reflects the best features of their legislation, omitting those of their ingredients which are regarded as potentially problematic.
Preclinical Toxicological Assessment of A Novel siRNA, SLN360, Targeting Elevated Lipoprotein (a) in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Rider David , Chivers Simon , Aretz Julia , Eisermann Mona , Löffler Kathrin , Hauptmann Judith , Morrison Eliot , Campion Giles 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
SLN360 is a liver-targeted N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated small interfering RNA (siRNA) with a promising profile for addressing lipoprotein (a)-related cardiovascular risk. Here, we describe the findings from key preclinical safety studies. In vitro, SLN360 specifically reduced LPA expression in primary human hepatocytes with no relevant off-target effects. In rats, 10 mg/kg subcutaneous SLN360 was distributed specifically to the liver and kidney (peak 126 or 246 mg/g tissue at 6 h, respectively), with &lt;1% of peak liver levels observed in all other tested organs. In vitro, no genotoxicity and no effect on human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene currents or proinflammatory cytokine production was observed, whereas in vivo, no SLN360-specific antibodies were detected in rabbit serum. In rat and nonhuman primate 29-day toxicology studies, SLN360 was well tolerated at all doses. In both species, known GalNAc-conjugated siRNA-induced microscopic changes were observed in the kidney and liver, with small increases in alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase observed in the high dose rats. Findings were in line with previously described siRNA-GalNAc platform-related effects and all observations were reversible and considered nonadverse. In cynomolgus monkeys, liver LPA messenger RNA and serum lipoprotein (a) were significantly reduced at day 30 and after an 8-week recovery period. No dose-related changes in safety assessment endpoints were noted. No SLN360-induced cytokine production, complement activation, or micronucleus formation was observed in vivo. The toxicological profile of SLN360 presented here is restricted to known GalNAc siRNA effects and no other toxicity associated with SLN360 has been noted. The preclinical profile of SLN360 confirmed suitability for entry into clinical studies.
Impact of COVID-19 on daily travel behaviour: a literature review
Authors: Paul Tonmoy , Chakraborty Rohit , Anwari Nafis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic made a perceptible impact on daily travel behaviour worldwide, especially through mode shifts and changes in trip frequencies with possible long-term repercussions. Non-therapeutic interventions adopted worldwide (e.g. lockdowns and travel restrictions) to reduce viral contagion need to be understood holistically because it is challenging for people to follow through these policies and stay home in developing nations. In this context, it is important to have a clear idea of how COVID-19 is shaping the mobility pattern and what policies must be taken (if not yet) to minimize viral transmission as well as develop a sustainable transportation system. To this end, this study presents a systematically analysed review of 56 international literatures from academic sources (Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science) on the impacts of COVID-19 on travel behaviour and focuses on policymaking measures. This article illustrates the modal shift, variation in frequencies of different trips and how sociodemographic characteristics have influenced the mobility pattern in response to COVID-19. Innate changes in travel patterns compared to the pre-COVID-19 era were observed. A noticeable apprehension on viral transmission in public transit has reduced public transit usage while increasing that of private vehicles. This poses challenges to develop sustainable transportation. This study concludes by discussing intervention measures to support transportation planners and policymakers to deal with the current pandemic as well as any future pandemics.
First-year experience of transitioning from registered nurse to nurse practitioner
Authors: Cheng Ju-Fen , Wang Tsae-Jyy , Huang Xuan-Yi , Han Hui-Chun 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Transitioning to advanced practice, novice nurse practitioners need to take on new roles, learn new practice areas, and develop new skills. This process requires breaking old practices and work habits and facing new challenges.

Purpose:
To explore the nature of nurse practitioners' work experiences during the first year of transition from registered nurse to nurse practitioner.

Methods:
This qualitative study was based on Husserl's phenomenological methodology. A purposive sample of 16 first-year nurse practitioners was recruited. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed by thematic content analysis. The approaches of Lincoln & Guba were applied to improve the validity of the study.

Results:
Results showed that the first-year experience of transitioning from registered nurse to nurse practitioner fell into two overarching themes: challenge and adjustment. The challenge consists of five subthemes: “facing the expectation-reality gap,” “managing others' expectations,” “striving to acquire professional skills,” “handling situational variability,” and “bearing emotional burdens” subthemes. The adjustment includes five subthemes: “finding resources,” “gaining experiences,” “building relationships,” “relieving stress,” and “overcoming obstacles.”

Implications for practice:
Novice nurse practitioners face many challenges as they adjust to a new role during their first year on the job. New nurse practitioners develop coping strategies to help themselves adjust to their work. They also gradually gain new resources and experiences to help them stay positive in stressful situations and restore work–life balance. The challenges of transitioning from a registered nurse to a nurse practitioner cannot be overlooked. Novice nurse practitioners need appropriate support measures to adapt to advanced practice roles.
State Policies Relevant to Disease Intervention Specialists in the United States
Authors: Cramer Ryan , Ludovic Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
The functions of disease intervention specialists (DIS) represent core infectious disease control practices and have legal foundations in the United States. Although important for state and local health departments to understand this authority, these policies have not been systematically collected and analyzed. We analyzed the authority for investigation of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia.

Methods
In January 2022, we collected state policies addressing the investigation of STIs using a legal research database. We coded these policies into a database on variables of interest: (1) whether the policy authorized/required investigation, (2) what type of infection triggers an investigation, (3) and the entity who is authorized/required to perform the investigation.

Results
All 50 US states and District of Columbia explicitly authorize/require investigation of cases of STI. Of these jurisdictions, 62.7% require investigations, 41% authorize investigations, and 3.9% both authorize and require investigations. Sixty-seven percent authorize/require investigations for cases of communicable disease (inclusive of an STI), 45.1% authorize/require investigations for cases of STIs generally, and 3.9% authorize/require investigations for cases of a specific STI. Eighty-two percent of jurisdictions authorize/require the state to investigate, 62.7% authorize/require local governments to investigate, and 39.2% authorize/require investigations by both state and local governments.

Conclusions
State laws that establish authority or duties regarding the investigation of STIs differ across states. It may be useful for state and local health departments to examine these policies relative to the morbidity of their jurisdiction and their STI prevention priorities.
Improving Hepatitis B Vaccination Rates among At-risk Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Megan McNicol Megan , Donegan Amy , Hawa Kate , Boutzoukas Angelique E. , Drobnic Barb , Oates Melanie , Orraca-Tetteh Maudie , Michel Hilary K. , Maltz Ross M. , Dotson Jennifer L. , Buckingham Don , Boyle Brendan , Ardura Monica I. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFai) may be at higher risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We conducted a quality improvement (QI) initiative to improve HBV vaccination rates in seronegative children with IBD.

Methods:
This QI initiative implemented an HBV vaccination strategy from September 2018 to March 2020 in patients with newly diagnosed IBD with hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) <10 mIU/mL. The project aimed to (1) increase HBV vaccination rates in seronegative patients and (2) document immunogenicity after completing a three-dose vaccine series. Outcome measures included the percentage of seronegative patients who received HBV vaccines (dose 1 and three-dose series). Interventions included applying a standardized vaccination protocol, and creating a vaccine workflow in two clinical areas, previsit planning and stakeholder engagement.

Results:
One hundred seventy-four children and adolescents with IBD were evaluated during the study period, and 132 (76%) were HBsAb negative. After plan-do-study-act (PDSA) 1, the proportion of eligible patients who received HBV vaccine dose 1 increased from a baseline of 7% to 100% and was sustained for over 12 months. During PDSA 2, the proportion of patients completing the three-dose vaccine series improved from a baseline of 0% to 82% (n = 100); among 93 children in this subgroup who had repeat serology performed, 86 (92%) demonstrated serologic evidence of HBV protection.

Conclusions:
A multidisciplinary approach applying QI methodology allowed for improved and sustained HBV vaccination rates in at-risk seronegative children and adolescents with IBD. A three-dose HBV vaccine series proved immunogenic in 92% of eligible patients.
“Oncologic Safety of Staged Pre-Pectoral Implant Reconstruction Following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: a Mean 9-Year Follow-Up.”
Authors: Salibian Arthur H. , Harness Jay K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Prepectoral reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy has recently gained popularity as an alternative to total or partial submuscular reconstruction. In the absence of long-term follow-up, concerns have been raised over the oncologic safety of using mastectomy flaps that preserve the entire thickness of the subcutaneous fat and its circulation. In this article we present our average 9-year oncologic follow-up of patients who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and 2-stage prepectoral implant reconstruction without acellular dermal matrix.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, a group of previously reported 151 consecutive breast cancer patients [246 breasts, (160 therapeutic, 86 preventative)] who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and staged prepectoral implant reconstruction between 2005 and 2015 were followed up for an average of 109 months (range, 14 to 192 months). Tumor related data, oncologic markers, staging, neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy, and radiation therapy were evaluated to determine local recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival rates.

Results:
Local recurrence rate in 151 patients was 2.6 percent. Eleven patients (7.3 percent) died from metastatic disease and 3 patients from unrelated causes. The average 109-month overall survival rate was 92.9 percent and disease-free survival rate was 87.8 percent. Over the same period nine patients (6 percent) were alive with distant disease.

Conclusion:
Our 9-year two-stage prepectoral reconstruction study of nipple-sparing mastectomy shows that the procedure is oncologically safe, having comparable recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival rates as total mastectomy.
Partial Recovery of Amblyopia After Fellow Eye Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Resnick Hannah H. , Bear Mark F. , Gaier Eric D. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Recovery from amblyopia in adulthood after fellow eye (FE) vision loss is a well-known phenomenon. Incidence of recovery varies widely following different FE pathologies, and the rate of recovery after FE ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) has not been examined. We aimed to determine the frequency and degree of improvement in amblyopic eye (AE) visual function after ION in the FE.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective chart review of patients between 2007 and 2021 confirmed to have amblyopia and ischemic optic neuropathy in different eyes. Patients with unstable ocular pathology potentially limiting vision were excluded. We compared the best-corrected visual acuity (VA) in each eye before and after FE ION over time. For patients with available data, we examined change in perimetric performance over time.

Results:
Among the 12 patients who met the inclusion criteria (mean age 67 ± 8 years), 9 (75%) improved ≥1 line and 2 (17%) improved ≥3 lines. The median time from ION symptom onset to maximal improvement was 6 months (range: 2–101 months). Reliable perimetric data were available for 6 patients. Mean sensitivity improved in the AE for all patients, with mean improvement of 1.9 ± 1.1 dB. There was no correspondence between foci of ION-related field loss and gains in field sensitivity in the AE.

Conclusions:
A high proportion of patients with amblyopia and contralateral ION experience improvement in AEVA. Modest gains in perimetric sensitivity in the AE may accompany FE ION. These findings support the view that residual plasticity in the adult visual cortex can be tapped to support functional improvement in amblyopia.
Peripheral Blood Gene Expression at 3 to 24 Hours Correlates with and Predicts 90-Day Outcome Following Human Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Amini Hajar , Knepp Bodie , Rodriguez Fernando , Jickling Glen C , Hull Heather , Carmona-Mora Paulina , Bushnell Cheryl , Ander Bradley P , Sharp Frank R , Stamova Boryana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study identified early immune gene responses in peripheral blood associated with 90-day ischemic stroke (IS) outcomes and an early gene profile that predicted 90-day outcomes. Peripheral blood from the CLEAR trial IS patients was compared to vascular risk factor matched controls. Whole-transcriptome analyses identified genes and networks associated with 90-day IS outcome (NIHSS-NIH Stroke Scale, mRS-modified Rankin Scale). The expression of 467, 526, and 571 genes measured at ≤3, 5 and 24 hours after IS, respectively, were associated with poor 90-day mRS outcome (mRS=3-6), while 49, 100 and 35 associated with good mRS 90-day outcome (mRS=0-2). Poor outcomes were associated with up-regulatedMMP9,S100A12, interleukin-related and STAT3 pathways. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed modules significantly associated with 90-day outcome. Poor outcome modules were enriched in down-regulated T cell and monocyte-specific genes plus up-regulated neutrophil genes and good outcome modules were associated with erythroblasts and megakaryocytes. Using the difference in gene expression between 3 and 24 hours, 10 genes correctly predicted 100% of patients with Good 90-day mRS outcome and 67% with Poor mRS outcome (AUC=0.88) in a validation set. The predictors includedAVPR1A, which mediates platelet aggregation, release of coagulation factors and exacerbates the brain inflammatory response; andKCNK1(TWIK-1), a member of a two-pore potassium channel family, which like other potassium channels likely modulates stroke outcomes. This study suggests the immune response after stroke impacts long-term functional outcomes. Furthermore, early post-stroke gene expression may predict stroke outcomes and outcome-associated genes could be targets for improving outcomes.
First Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test for Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: An Ran , Avanaki Alireza , Thota Priyaleela , Nemade Sai , Mehta Amrish , Gurkan Umut A. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTHemoglobin (Hb) disorders are among the most common monogenic diseases affecting nearly 7% of the world’s population. Among various Hb disorders, approximately 1.5% of the world population carry β-thalassemia (β-Thal), affecting 40,000 newborns every year. Early screening and timely diagnosis are essential in β-thalassemia patients for prevention and management of later clinical complications. However, in Africa to Southern Europe, Middle East, and Southeast Asia, where β-thalassemia is most prevalent, diagnosis and screening of β-thalassemia is still challenging due to the cost and logistical burden of laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, we present Gazelle, a paper-based microchip electrophoresis platform, that enables the first point-of-care diagnostic test for β-thalassemia. We evaluated the accuracy of Gazelle for β-Thal screening in 372 subjects in the age range of 4 – 63 years at Apple Diagnostics labin Mubai, India. Additionally, 30 blood samples were prepared to mimic β-Thal intermediate and β-Thal major samples. The Gazelle detected levels of Hb A, Hb F, and Hb A2 demonstrated high correlations with the results reported by the laboratory gold standard, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) yielding a Pearson Correlation Coefficient = 0.99. The ability to obtain rapid and accurate results suggest that Gazelle can be suitable for large-scale screening and diagnosis of β-Thal.
From individual to population disease risk: population-averaged polygenic risk scores
Authors: He Simin , Peng Liuqing , Jing Jiarui , Wang Juping , Wang Tong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk score (PRS) is a tool to quantify the susceptibility of an individual to a disease by using the results of individual gene sequencing to calculate the cumulative effect of genetic susceptibility loci. In this study, we extend the individual-based PRS to the population-based mean polygenic risk score (PMPRS), Further more, we constructed the risk score ratio (RSR) for etiology exploration. In the case study, we applied above method to explore the relationship between study six inflammatory factors and coronary heart disease (CHD). Our studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and procalcitonin (PCT) are potential risk factors for CHD. The RSR corresponding to TNF-α is 4.97 (prediction interval: 2.99, 10.548); the RSR corresponding to PCT is 21.87 (prediction interval: 2.29, 232.28), and controlling the levels of TNF-α and PCT can be used as a primary preventive measure to reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease.