bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes Assessment with Significant Overall Survival Prognostic Value in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Sudarsa I Wayan , Aryanti Citra 
Published: February 2022

Background Tumor microenvironment, represented by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, was dynamically evolving throughout the time. Thus, in the interpretation of TIL as a prognostic factor overall survival of breast cancer, it is important to note the duration of the TIL examination until neoadjuvant chemotherapy is performed.
Aim To determine whether the assessment of TIL at a certain duration still has value as a prognostic factor for the overall survival of breast cancer and its cut off point.
Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that included subjects with locally advanced breast cancer in Sanglah General Hospital, registered in Bali’s Cancer Registry. The study has been approved by the institutional review board of Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali. Data collected were age, breast cancer subtype, value of TIL, time of NAC start, and duration of survival. Missing data were obtained from electronic medical records. TIL is then grouped into groups with low TIL (negative and +1) and high TIL (+2 and +3). Data analysis were done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0.
Results As many as 150 subjects with locally advanced breast cancer who survived and died in 2011-2020 were analyzed. The mean age of subjects in this study was 48.7 (SD 9.3) years with a median survival of 47 months. The mean duration of the TIL asessment to NAC was 46.3 days (SD 24.5). The duration cut off point of TIL assessment to NAC that is valuable as breast cancer’s overall prognostic value was 31 days (AUC 0.716, Sensitivity 64.1%, Specificity 35.5%). In subjects with TIL examined for less than 31 days, it was found that TIL could significantly prognosticated the overall survival of breast cancer (p = 0.005). High TIL was associated with better overall survival and low TIL is associated with poor overall survival.
Discussion Tumor immune microenvironment played an important role in tumor progression and supression. High levels of TIL has been generally accepted as an indicator for a more robust anti-tumor immune response, thus yielding favorable outcome. Timing of TIL analysis was important to determine as microenvironment dynamically progressing. In this study, we proved that timing matters and only short-term duration of TIL assessment to NAC meaningful as a prognostic value for breast cancer’s overall survival.
Conclusion The duration of TIL to NAC assessment was important in determine the meaningful of TIL value in the prognostication overall survival of locally advanced breast cancer. The short-term TIL assessment duration (<31 days) predicted well, but not in the long term assessment duration. In the future, it is hoped that clinicians will be more critical in the interpretation of TIL, especially the duration of TIL assessment before NAC.
Analysis of Service Quality and Resident Supervision in Accordance with Hospital Accreditation Standards
Authors: Lestarini Dewi , Findyartini Ardi , Achadi Anhari , Sjaaf Amal 
Published: February 2022

Background
Resident supervision plays an important role in accomplishing service excellence in teaching hospitals, while still supporting residents’ competency achievement. This preliminary study aims to obtain an overview of resident supervision and the achievement of quality services to conduct hospital accreditation standard.

Material and methods
A retrospective study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in May 2020 involving Obstetrics and Gynecology residents who carried out a Caesarean section. Data was collected from medical records manually, with additional information from Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department. Univariate analysis was completed to generate a profile of supervision and the achievement of quality services in accordance with hospital accreditation standard.

Result
Of the 86 Caesarean sections conducted in May 2020, only 75 involved residents, with 42 (56%) procedures carried out by chief residents and 33 (44%) by apprentice stage residents. Supervision during procedures was carried out in 74 cases (98.6%), with 33.3% given moderate-high supervision during hospitalization, 52% moderate low, and 14.7% low supervision. The completeness of the medical records revealed 85,3% appropriate marked site, 96% surgery reports, 78,7% education sheet. It is found that 64 % of pre-operative visits and 65,3% of post-operative visits were carried out by residents. In addition, case discussion, death case reports, as well as resident evaluation were carried out to conduct patient safety and quality service improvement.

Conclusion
Supervisory evaluation could be provided directly or by conducting case discussions, as well as medical record review; otherwise, to enhance quality achievement, the development of an integrated supervision system is required.
Nuance et distinction chez Nietzsche
Authors: Valadier Paul 
Published: February 2022

Comment comprendre que le philosophe, Nietzsche, qui prétend philosopher en maniant le marteau, ait aussi exalté le sens de la distance, de la distinction, de la noblesse ? Pour y parvenir, il y faut une « rumination » patiente de ses écrits pour éviter de classer trop vite une pensée qui échappe à toute catégorisation facile. L’article s’appuie particulièrement sur le texte de La généalogie de la morale .
A propos du clonage animal
Authors: Vermersch Dominique 
Published: February 2022

Résumé La technoscience place l’homme devant de nouvelles questions de normativité éthique : doit-il – et selon quels critères – autolimiter sa puissance ? Les catégories de nature et d’artifice sont-elles éclairantes ? Comment repenser les rapports bouleversés de l’homme et de l’animal ?
L'Eglise et l'argent
Authors: Mayaux François 
Published: February 2022

Résumé Les Français pensent encore majoritairement que l’Eglise est riche (52 %). Cette perception puise sans doute sa source essentielle dans l’histoire, avec la grande richesse matérielle qu’a pu connaître l’Eglise par le passé. Cette opinion est bien éloignée de la réalité.
Points de vue sur la jeunesse – Volume 1
Authors: Antonucci Lorenza 
Published: February 2022

Le développement considérable de l’enseignement supérieur est l’un des changements les plus importants qu’aient connu les sociétés européennes et les jeunes ces quarante dernières années. Cette évolution s’est faite dans l’objectif non seulement de garantir l’égalité des chances, mais également de créer une économie de la connaissance compétitive pour faire face à la concurrence sur le marché mondial. Cette rhétorique à double objectif est désormais de plus en plus problématique, compte tenu du taux de chômage en hausse chez les jeunes diplômés (Bell et Blanchflower, 2010). En outre, les mesures d’austérité appliquées dans toute l’Europe exercent une pression sur les systèmes d’aide aux jeunes qui se lancent dans des études supérieures. L’article propose une vue d’ensemble des tendances actuelles de l’aide aux étudiants en Europe, en procédant à une analyse politique de documents officiels, aux niveaux national et européen. L’analyse des changements intervenus au niveau des politiques distingue : les instruments des politiques d’aide aux étudiants (par exemple les bourses et le recours de plus en plus important aux prêts), les degrés d’universalisme et la mise en place des conditions de ressources (par exemple la sélection de plus en plus stricte pour l’octroi d’une aide aux étudiants). Selon l’article, la participation massive à l’enseignement supérieur n’aura pas baissé en 2020. L’auteur indique également que l’incidence des mesures d’austérité sur l’aide aux étudiants se traduira par une expérience différenciée de l’enseignement supérieur, car de plus en plus d’étudiants devront payer eux-mêmes leurs études supérieures, notamment en participant au marché du travail et en se faisant aider par leur famille. Enfin, l’article passe en revue des éléments qui pourraient inverser les tendances actuelles, et met l’accent sur les processus d’intégration et d’européanisation de l’enseignement supérieur qui ont récemment abouti à la création de l’Espace européen de l’enseignement supérieur (EEES).
Points de vue sur la jeunesse – Volume 4
Authors: Connolly Nuala , McGuinness Claire 
Published: February 2022

Tantôt dénommés « génération Google » (Rowlands et al ., 2008), « Net Geners » (génération internet) (Tapscott, 1991) ou « natifs du numérique » (Prenksy, 2001), les jeunes d’aujourd’hui ont grandi dans un monde dominé par internet, avec de nouvelles opportunités de participation et d’engagement. Dans l’ensemble, le discours de la recherche a souvent affirmé que les jeunes sont naturellement doués d’aptitudes numériques. Comme certains faits le montrent pourtant, il existerait un écart entre la perception qu’ont les jeunes de leurs aptitudes numériques et leur capacité à naviguer dans cet univers complexe de manière sûre et constructive (Christofides et al ., 2009). La politique d’internet appliquant généralement une approche générique vis-à-vis des « utilisateurs » (c’est-à-dire les adultes), les droits des enfants et des jeunes s’en trouvent souvent négligés (Livingstone et al. , 2016). De plus, d’aucuns ont prétendu que le fait de se polariser sur le discours des natifs du numérique occulte la nécessité d’aider les jeunes à améliorer leurs aptitudes numériques (Fondation ECDL, 2014 ; Livingstone, 2011). Résultat : les programmes éducatifs font souvent l’impasse sur des compétences essentielles. La fracture initiale de l’accès physique à internet s’est transformée en fracture au niveau des compétences (Van Deursen et Van Dijk, 2011). Remédier à cette fracture permettra de multiplier les possibilités pour les jeunes de participer de manière constructive au monde numérique. Il faut leur apporter des compétences supplémentaires pour leur permettre de répondre à leurs besoins d’information, mais aussi pour qu’ils comprennent mieux les normes de l’environnement en ligne. En matière de technologie, l’éducation est souvent associée à des compétences de niveau fonctionnel – utilisation de progiciels, navigation, recherche de compétences, capacité à discerner la qualité des informations trouvées en ligne. Or, pour la culture numérique, l’éducation doit couvrir une série de compétences plus large reflétant l’engagement social et culturel des jeunes dans une société fonctionnant en réseau, leur manière de s’exprimer, leur formation identitaire et leur participation au monde en ligne. Ce chapitre explore la culture numérique des jeunes dans le contexte européen, en cherchant à savoir où et en quoi les compétences numériques favorisent l’inclusion, l’engagement et la participation des jeunes au monde numérique. La recherche s’appuie sur des exemples de dispositifs utilisés par l’éducation, tant formelle qu’informelle, dans le domaine du numérique. Le cas de l’Irlande est décrit à titre d’illustration. Les questions concernant la participation des jeunes à un monde numérique sont considérées dans le cadre d’une culture numérique, ce qui contribue au développement théorique, à l’enrichissement des connaissances ainsi qu’à éclairer sur les politiques et sur les recommandations de bonnes pratiques.
A Rare Case of Carcinoma Ex-pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Reddy Ravikanth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary tumor involving the parotid gland. However, malignant transformation to carcinoma expleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is an exceedingly rare occurrence. Malignant patterns reported with pleomorphic adenoma include CXPA, metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma, and carcinosarcoma. Firm mass in the parotid gland is the most common presentation of CXPA. Imaging appearances of CXPA are variable, and the proportion of carcinoma and adenoma components determine the appearance of the lesion on gross pathology. Histopathology remains the gold standard investigation for the confirmation of diagnosis. The treatment of CXPA includes ablative surgical procedure followed by reconstructive surgery. This case report describes the imaging appearances of a rare case of CXPA in a 19-year-old male.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction Secondary to Gastric Adenocarcinoma Diagnosed on Ultrasonography
Authors: Reddy Ravikanth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gastric outlet obstruction often manifests as a result of mural, luminal, or extrinsic compression. Due to capacity of the stomach to distend 2–4 L after food intake, gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a malignant cause goes often undetected clinically until a high-grade obstruction develops. Gastric adenocarcinoma seldom manifests as gastric outlet obstruction secondary to a partially obstructing mass or a stricture that develops due to peptic ulceration. Fatal sequelae and serious complications of gastric outlet obstruction may result when early detection and appropriate intervention such as gastric decompression and surgical resection are delayed. This report describes a rare case of gastric adenocarcinoma causing gastric outlet obstruction diagnosed on ultrasonography in a 40-year-old female.
Unusual Association of Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor with Compound Odontoma and Ameloblastoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saibaba Mahalakshmi , Mahadevappa Manjula , Ganganna Kokila , Likhithaswamy Hariyabbe Rangaswamy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) is a rare odontogenic cyst accounts for <2% of all odontogenic cysts. Simple unicystic CCOT is commonly encountered accounts for 65%, whereas other forms of CCOT are <3%. CCOT is associated with two or more odontogenic tumors, it is called combined odontogenic lesions or hybrid lesions. The aim of the present article is to report a rare case of CCOT and highlighting the clinical feature and treatment aspects of combined lesions. A 25-year-old female complained of pain and swelling in the left maxilla for 6 months. Examination revealed diffuse swelling in the maxilla, firm in consistency, and tender on palpation. Panoramic radiograph showed impacted canine with multiple radiopaque structures and well-defined lesion in the maxillary sinus. The lesion was surgically removed and histopathologically diagnosed as CCOT with compound odontoma and ameloblastoma. Pub Med database search from 1978 to June 2020 revealed only three case reports of combined odontogenic tumors associated with CCOT.
A Study of Stromal Collagen in Oral Lichen Planus, Carcinoma In situ, Early Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Normal Mucosa Using Picrosirius Red Stain
Authors: Ramya V. Venkata , Nandini D. B. , Amberkar Vikram S. , Mohan Kumar K. P. , Madhushankari G. S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease of uncertain cause commonly affecting oral cavity. Although the WHO has designated OLP as a “potentially malignant disorder,” controversies exist regarding its malignant potential. Collagen forms the principal component of stroma or extracellular matrix and its role in carcinogenesis is widely studied in other premalignancies. Although collagen at the basal complex of OLP is widely explored, studies on collagen in the connective tissue stroma are not reported to date. We aimed to observe the nature of collagen in connective tissue stroma of OLP using picrosirius red stain (PSR) under polarized microscope and compare with buccal mucosa without any pathology related to exposure to tobacco and other oral carcinogens, carcinoma in situ (Ca in situ), and early invasive squamous cell carcinoma (EISCC).

Materials and Methods:
Eighty samples were observed, with twenty samples in each study group. Two 4–6-μ thick sections were obtained from the archival blocks. One section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin for confirming the diagnosis, whereas PSR staining was done for the other section. Both sections were analyzed using a polarizing microscope for evaluating the polarization colors of collagen. The images captured were stored on a computer. Five nonoverlapping fields were selected from each section in all groups and the thickness of five collagen fibers from each section was measured in microns using image analysis software and the polarizing color was also noted. The values obtained were compared using Kruskal–Wallis H-test and Chi-square test. We also used Mann–Whitney U-test for intergroup comparison.

Results:
The mean width of thick as well as thin fibers was more in controls than Ca in situ, OLP, and EISCC in decreasing order. Mature fibers were predominant in the controls than Ca in situ, OLP, and EISCC in decreasing order. Immature fibers were predominant in EISCC, followed by OLP, Ca in situ, and controls. Comparison of collagen in OLP and Ca in situ showed no statistically significant result in terms of thickness and polarization colors confirming a similarity in the nature of collagen in these two lesions.

Conclusion:
The stromal collagen of OLP was comparable to Ca in situ suggesting a change in the structure and organization of collagen probably attributed to the role of inflammatory mediators. A study with bigger sample size is recommended to evaluate the role of collagen in malignant transformation of OLP.
The Importance of the Autopsy in Ascertaining the Cause of Death and as an Audit Tool at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Nweke Michael Chukwugoziem , Omenai Sebastian Anebuokhae , Fatunla Ebenezer , Olusanya Aralola , Onakpoma Francis , Ezenkwa Uchenna Simon , Salami Ayodeji O. , Abu-Okolo Clement , Ogun Gabriel Olabiyi 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Different reasons for autopsies include medico-legal causes, medical education and deducing the cause of death. An additional benefit is auditing with regards to patient care in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The main objective of this study was to determine the concordance between ante-mortem clinical diagnoses and post-mortem causes of death.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2009 to December 2015, Autopsy records at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan were reviewed. Discrepancies between the clinical diagnoses and postmortem findings were categorised using Goldman criteria into major and minor classes. Goldman's criteria can be sub-categorised into five classes: Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV and Class V. Classification of the cause of death categories was by the International Classification of Diseases, Version 10. The study was carried out with respect to the world medical association's Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Data analysis was carried out with the use of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 22).

Results:
Five hundred and thirty-three cases were involved with a male-female ratio of 1.6. The most common postmortem causes of death were traumatic Injuries (20.6%), Circulatory system-related deaths (19.7%), infections (16.9%) and malignant neoplasms (9.4%). Only 298 (55.9%) of the cases showed a concordance between the post-mortem causes of death and the clinical diagnosis.

Conclusion:
The post-mortem autopsy is useful in the audit of current medical practice in our environment.
Estudio del comportamiento de la intensidad de Campo Eléctrico durante 7 días continuos en la banda de frecuencia de 76 MHz a 2,686 GHz en el interior de la ESPOCH utilizando el equipo Narda SRM-3000
Authors: Infante Moreira Pedro Severo , Castillo Heredia Luis Javier , Huilca Logroño Jordan Sebastián , Flores Arroba Alexandra Macarena , Carrasco Cayambe Daniela Rocío , Gilart González Fidel Alexander 
Published: February 2022

En la ciudad de Riobamba ha surgido un gran incremento de radio bases debido a la demanda de servicios de telecomunicaciones por parte de la población, así también se han incrementado las empresas proveedoras de servicios, siendo la industria de telefonía celular la que presenta un mayor índice de crecimiento. Es por ello que se nota un aumento de radio bases telefónicas en la ciudad y por ende se tiene un aumento de radiaciones electromagnéticas que se encuentra en el ambiente. A continuación se muestra un estudio del comportamiento de la intensidad de campo eléctrico en el rango de frecuencia de 76 MHz a 2.686 GHz, mediante mediciones de campo eléctrico promedio, realizadas junto al dispensario médico ubicado al interior de la ESPOCH, situado en la ciudad de Riobamba; la medición se realizó durante 7 días consecutivos, en las cercanías de una antena ubicada en la parte externa de la ESPOCH, para determinar el comportamiento del campo eléctrico se tomó como referencia los valores máximos, medios y mínimos de las mediciones en diferentes rangos de tiempo. Con lo cual se verificó que los valores están por debajo de los límites establecidos en las normativas ICNIRP y UIT T-K.52. Sin embargo, es importante tener a futuro constantes estudios y monitoreo de las zonas con mayor exposición de las radiaciones electromagnéticas, para que de esta manera poder determinar el estricto cumplimiento de las directrices emitidas en las normativas consecuentes.
Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Omset Penjualan
Authors: Walad Muhammad Mumtaza , Meliyani Meliyani , Ananda Sri Riska , Alfarezzi Ahmad , Suhairi Suhairi 
Published: February 2022

Business development that occurs in the community is a very important factor, namely in terms of efforts to develop Human Resources (HR), among others, in terms of determining the price of a product that is traded, Promotion of products so that they sell well, maintaining product quality so that consumers do not disappointed, service so that consumers are satisfied and competitors who have an impact on sales results in the future.
Keywords : Development, Human Resources, Sales Turnover
Studi Literature Strategi BMT Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Ummat Berbasis Masjid
Authors: Pandapotan Pandapotan , Soemitra  Andri 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine how the strategies used by BMT in empowering and improving the economy of mosque-based congregations. Mosques are not only used for worship activities but can also empower the congregation's economy. A mosque with all the potential that exists can establish Baitul Maal wal Tamwil for its independence. This study uses selected literature. The research method used is a literature study by collecting articles related to the research theme downloaded from Google Scholar for publication in the last 5 years. Then a content analysis was carried out in accordance with the Researcher's Discussion Topic, namely the BMT Strategy in Empowering a Mosque-Based Economy so that 41 articles were obtained. The main finding of this research from a literature review shows that the establishment of a mosque-based BMT can significantly improve the economy of the congregation. The BMT strategies used are: ZISWAF for Economic Empowerment, Human Resources, Transparency and Accountability, Finance Inclusion, Marketing Management, Implementation of Sharia Economic Contracts, BMT Performance, Establishment of BMT, Integration of ZISWAF with BMT, and Role Models.
Keywords: BMT, Empowerment, Mosque.