bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Core Curriculum for Postgraduate Program in Nonsurgical Aesthetics: A Cross-sectional Delphi Study
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Parsa Ali Davod , Rahman Eqram 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The desire for portraying a young and beautiful face and body is driving people to seek aesthetic treatment and accelerating the exponential growth of nonsurgical aesthetic (NSA) procedures. Unfortunately, despite impressive advances, NSA is yet to have a formal clinical education program.

Objectives
This study aimed to identify the content and structure of an evidence-based postgraduate curriculum in NSA.

Methods
The Delphi questionnaire was developed after a comprehensive literature review and a focus group discussion. The questionnaire was emailed to 40 experts and 20 trainee physicians worldwide through the online survey platform and was asked to assign a rating on a 4-point Likert scale. A “1” represents a strong disagreement about integrating a topic in the NSA curriculum, and a “4” indicates a firm agreement. A pre-fixed percentage agreement of 80% and Cronbach’s α = 0.90 was established to represent a consensus for the current study.

Results
The response rate for the Delphi study was 90.0%, 88.8%, and 90% in the first, second, and third rounds, respectively. The experts and trainee physicians agreed with all the proposed topics (≥80%) and considered them critical for the proposed NSA curriculum. The mean score for each was ≥ 3, and Cronbach’s α value for the Delphi was 0.94, confirming internal consistency and reliability.

Conclusions
The consensus demonstrates significant advances toward developing an evidence-based curriculum for a postgraduate program in NSA, which is essential to support the growing demand for trained aesthetic physicians.
Semaglutide in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease at high risk progression—real-world clinical practice
Authors: Aviles Bueno Beatriz , Soler Maria Jose , Perez-Belmonte Luis , Jimenez Millan Anabel , Rivas Ruiz Francisco , Garcia de Lucas Maria Dolores 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Semaglutide [glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-agonist (GLP-1RA)] has shown nephroprotective effects in previous cardiovascular studies. However, its efficacy and safety in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been rarely studied.

Methods
This is a multicenter, retrospective, observational study in patients with T2D and CKD with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 7.5–9.5% treated with subcutaneous semaglutide for 12 months in real-world clinical practice. The main objectives were glycemic control as HbA1c &lt;7% and weight loss &gt;5%.

Results
We studied a total of 122 patients, ages 65.50 ± 11 years, 62% men, duration of T2D 12 years, baseline HbA1c 7.57% ± 1.36% and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 50.32 ± 19.21 mL/min/1.73 m2; 54% had a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30–300 mg/g and 20% had a UACR &gt;300 mg/g. After 12 months of follow-up, HbA1c declined −0.73% ± 1.09% (P &lt; .001), with 57% of patients achieving values &lt;7% and weight loss of −6.95 kg (P &lt; .001), with 59% of patients showing a reduction of &gt;5% of their body weight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased −9.85 mmHg and −5.92 mmHg, respectively (P &lt; .001). The mean UACR decreased 51% in the group with baseline macroalbuminuria (UACR &gt;300 mg/g). The mean eGFR (by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) remained stable. The need for basal insulin decreased 20% (P &lt; .005). Only 7% of patients on insulin had mild hypoglycemic episodes. Semaglutide was stopped in 5.7% of patients for digestive intolerance.

Conclusions
In this real-world study, patients with T2D and CKD treated with subcutaneous semaglutide for 12 months significantly improved glycemic control and decreased weight. Albuminuria decreased by &gt;50% in patients with macroalbuminuria. The administration of GLP-1RA in patients with T2D and CKD was safe and well tolerated.
Greater chronic morbidity is associated with greater fatigue in six countries
Authors: Schrock Joshua M , Sugiyama Lawrence S , Naidoo Nirmala , Kowal Paul , Snodgrass J Josh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and objectives
Human susceptibility to chronic non-communicable disease may be explained, in part, by mismatches between our evolved biology and contemporary environmental conditions. Disease-induced fatigue may function to reduce physical activity during acute infection, thereby making more energy available to mount an effective immune response. However, fatigue in the context of chronic disease may be maladaptive because long-term reductions in physical activity increase risks of disease progression and the acquisition of additional morbidities. Here, we test whether cumulative chronic morbidity is associated with subjective fatigue.

Methodology
We constructed a cumulative chronic morbidity score using self-reported diagnoses and algorithm-based assessments, and a subjective fatigue score based on four questionnaire items using cross-sectional survey data from the Study on global AGEing and adult health, which features large samples of adults from six countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa).

Results
In a mixed-effects linear model with participants nested in countries (N = 32 455), greater cumulative chronic morbidity is associated with greater subjective fatigue (β = 0.34, SE = 0.005, P &lt; 2e−16). This association replicates within each country and is robust to adjustment for key sociodemographic and physical covariates (sex, age, household wealth, physical function score, habitual physical activity, BMI and BMI2).

Conclusions and implications
Fatigue is a common but perhaps maladaptive neuropsychological response to chronic morbidity. Disease-induced fatigue may mediate a self-perpetuating cycle, in which chronic morbidity reduces physical activity, and less physical activity increases cumulative chronic morbidity. Longitudinal research is needed to test whether chronic morbidity, fatigue and physical activity form a cyclical feedback loop.
Lay Summary: Fatigue during acute illness may promote recovery, but persistent fatigue in the context of chronic disease may make matters worse. We present evidence from six countries that more chronic disease is associated with more fatigue. This fatigue may reduce physical activity, which increases risks of acquiring additional chronic health problems.
Assembly of wood-inhabiting archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities along a salinity gradient: common taxa are broadly distributed but locally abundant in preferred habitats
Authors: Ferrer Astrid , Heath Katy D , Mosquera Sergio L , Suaréz Yaraví , Dalling James W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wood decomposition in water is a key ecosystem process driven by diverse microbial taxa that likely differ in their affinities for freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats. How these decomposer communities assemble in situ or potentially colonize from other habitats remains poorly understood. At three watersheds on Coiba Island, Panama, we placed replicate sections of branch wood of a single tree species on land, and in freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats that constitute a downstream salinity gradient. We sequenced archaea, bacteria and fungi from wood samples collected after 3, 9 and 15 months to examine microbial community composition, and to examine habitat specificity and abundance patterns. We found that these microbial communities were broadly structured by similar factors, with a strong effect of salinity, but little effect of watershed identity on compositional variation. Moreover, common aquatic taxa were also present in wood incubated on land. Our results suggest that either taxa dispersed to both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, or microbes with broad habitat ranges were initially present in the wood as endophytes. Nonetheless, these habitat generalists varied greatly in abundance across habitats suggesting an important role for habitat filtering in maintaining distinct aquatic communities in freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats.
Tannerella forsythiastrains differentially induce interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) expression in macrophages due to lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity
Authors: Chinthamani Sreedevi , Settem Rajendra P , Honma Kiyonobu , Stafford Graham P , Sharma Ashu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTannerella forsythia is strongly implicated in the development of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease that destroys the bone and soft tissues supporting the tooth. To date, the knowledge of the virulence attributes of T. forsythia species has mainly come from studies with a laboratory adapted strain (ATCC 43037). In this study, we focused on two T. forsythia clinical isolates, UB4 and UB20, in relation to their ability to activate macrophages. We found that these clinical isolates differentially induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. Prominently, the expression of the chemokine protein IP-10 (CXCL10) was highly induced by UB20 as compared to UB4 and the laboratory strain ATCC 43037. Our study focused on the lipopolysaccharide component (LPS) of these strains and found that UB20 expressed a smooth-type LPS, unlike UB4 and ATCC 43037 each of which expressed a rough-type LPS. The LPS from UB20, via activation of TLR4, was found to be a highly potent inducer of IP-10 expression via signaling through STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1). These data suggest that pathogenicity of T. forsythia species could be strain dependent and the LPS heterogeneity associated with the clinical strains might be responsible for their pathogenic potential and severity of periodontitis.
Inducible degradation of dosage compensation protein DPY-27 facilitates isolation ofCaenorhabditis elegansmales for molecular and biochemical analyses
Authors: Li Qianyan , Kaur Arshdeep , Mallory Benjamin , Hariri Sara , Engebrecht JoAnne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiological sex affects numerous aspects of biology, yet how sex influences different biological processes have not been extensively studied at the molecular level. Caenorhabditis elegans, with both hermaphrodites (functionally females as adults) and males, is an excellent system to uncover how sex influences physiology. Here, we describe a method to isolate large quantities of C. elegans males by conditionally degrading DPY-27, a component of the dosage compensation complex essential for hermaphrodite, but not male, development. We show that germ cells from males isolated following DPY-27 degradation undergo meiosis and spermiogenesis like wild type and these males are competent to mate and sire viable offspring. We further demonstrate the efficacy of this system by analyzing gene expression and performing affinity pull-downs from male worm extracts.
Digital communication platforms in cardiothoracic surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: keeping us connected or isolated?
Authors: Naruka Vinci , Zientara Alicja , Hussein Nabil , Punjabi Prakash P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, performing a surgeon’s duties has become challenging while adhering to social distancing mandates. To aid in the continuity of healthcare services, rapid implementation of digital communication tools became a necessity. This is an account of experiences using digital communication platforms, namely Microsoft Teams and Zoom, for clinical and educative purposes in the field of Cardiothoracic Surgery in the UK. While enabling ongoing virtual clinical meetings, conferences and learning opportunities for residents with little face-to-face contact, are these digital communication platforms keeping us connected or isolated?
The evolution of color naming reflects pressure for efficiency: Evidence from the recent past
Authors: Zaslavsky Noga , Garvin Karee , Kemp Charles , Tishby Naftali , Regier Terry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It has been proposed that semantic systems evolve under pressure for efficiency. This hypothesis has so far been supported largely indirectly, by synchronic cross-language comparison, rather than directly by diachronic data. Here, we directly test this hypothesis in the domain of color naming, by analyzing recent diachronic data from Nafaanra, a language of Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire, and comparing it with quantitative predictions derived from the mathematical theory of efficient data compression. We show that color naming in Nafaanra has changed over the past four decades while remaining near-optimally efficient, and that this outcome would be unlikely under a random drift process that maintains structured color categories without pressure for efficiency. To our knowledge, this finding provides the first direct evidence that color naming evolves under pressure for efficiency, supporting the hypothesis that efficiency shapes the evolution of the lexicon.
On the origins and fate of chromosomal abnormalities in human preimplantation embryos: an unsolved riddle
Authors: Regin Marius , Spits Claudia , Sermon Karen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
About 8 out of 10 human embryos obtained in vitro harbour chromosomal abnormalities of either meiotic or mitotic origin. Abnormalities of mitotic origin lead to chromosomal mosaicism, a phenomenon that has sparked much debate lately as it confounds results obtained through preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). PGT-A in itself is still highly debated, not only on the modalities of its execution but also on whether it should be offered to patients at all. We will focus on post-zygotic chromosomal abnormalities leading to mosaicism. First, we will summarize what is known about the rates of chromosomal abnormalities at different developmental stages. Next, based on the current understanding of the origin and cellular consequences of chromosomal abnormalities, which is largely based on studies on cancer cells and model organisms, we will offer a number of hypotheses on which mechanisms may be at work in early human development. Finally, and very briefly, we will touch upon the impact our current knowledge has on the practice of PGT-A. What is the level of abnormal cells that an embryo can tolerate before it loses its potential for full development? And is blastocyst biopsy as harmless as it seems?
Successful treatment for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis causing severe myocarditis followed by cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Asatani Shinya , Kobayashi Hitomi , Nagasawa Yosuke , Nishihara Masahiro , Tanikawa Yutaka , Hamaguchi Marina , Yoshizawa Shoei , Tsuzuki Hiroshi , Sugiyama Kaita , Tsukamoto Masako , Kitamura Noboru , Nakamura Hideki 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTA 38-year-old woman had a history of asthma for 20 years. Bullous lesions had appeared on her left side of the back. Two months before admission, the biopsy revealed eosinophilic cellulitis. One month later, she experienced numbness in both legs. She was admitted to our hospital for emergency treatment due to chest pain and loss of consciousness. Emergency coronary angiography revealed triple-vessel vasospasm. She had cardiac arrest for 4 min during the examination. We suspected eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis due to pulmonary infiltrate, eosinophilia, and a history of illness. We, therefore, started methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Although her condition and laboratory findings improved, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging performed on day 16 showed myocardial oedema and myocardial fibrosis on late gadolinium enhancement. Coronary angiography on day 35 revealed no spasm, and myocardial biopsy showed the absence of vasculitis. There was no improvement in myocardial oedema. CMR showed enlargement of late gadolinium enhancement and formation of a ventricular aneurysm. As myocarditis did not improve sufficiently, five courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy were administered. CMR on day 152 showed the disappearance of myocardial oedema. We report a unique case of successful treatment of severe myocarditis and the usefulness of follow-up CMR.
A Collaborative Initiative to Establish Genomic Biomarkers for Assessing Tumorigenic Potential to Reduce Reliance on Conventional Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies
Authors: Corton J Christopher , Mitchell Constance A , Auerbach Scott , Bushel Pierre , Ellinger-Ziegelbauer Heidrun , Escobar Patricia A , Froetschl Roland , Harrill Alison H , Johnson Kamin , Klaunig James E , Pandiri Arun R , Podtelezhnikov Alexei A , Rager Julia E , Tanis Keith Q , van der Laan Jan Willem , Vespa Alisa , Yauk Carole L , Pettit Syril D , Sistare Frank D 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is growing recognition across broad sectors of the scientific community that use of genomic biomarkers has the potential to reduce the need for conventional rodent carcinogenicity studies of industrial chemicals, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals through a weight-of-evidence approach. These biomarkers fall into 2 major categories: (1) sets of gene transcripts that can identify distinct tumorigenic mechanisms of action; and (2) cancer driver gene mutations indicative of rapidly expanding growth-advantaged clonal cell populations. This call-to-action article describes a collaborative approach launched to develop and qualify biomarker gene expression panels that measure widely accepted molecular pathways linked to tumorigenesis and their activation levels to predict tumorigenic doses of chemicals from short-term exposures. Growing evidence suggests that application of such biomarker panels in short-term exposure rodent studies can identify both tumorigenic hazard and tumorigenic activation levels for chemical-induced carcinogenicity. In the future, this approach will be expanded to include methodologies examining mutations in key cancer driver gene mutation hotspots as biomarkers of both genotoxic and nongenotoxic chemical tumor risk. Analytical, technical, and biological validation studies of these complementary genomic tools are being undertaken by multisector and multidisciplinary collaborative teams within the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. Success from these efforts will facilitate the transition from current heavy reliance on conventional 2-year rodent carcinogenicity studies to more rapid animal- and resource-sparing approaches for mechanism-based carcinogenicity evaluation supporting internal and regulatory decision-making.
Antimicrobial diterpene induced by two gall-inducing adelgids coexisting on Picea koraiensis
Authors: Jia Mingyue , Liu Jiayi , Zhou Wei , Hua Juan , Luo Shihong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The mechanism by which closely related species can coexist is a central factor in the stability of ecological communities. The larch adelgid (Adelges laricis laricis) and the eastern spruce adelgid (Adelges (Sacchiphantes) abietis) have both been found on the branches of Picea koraiensis in China. These two adelgids exhibit strong infectivity and readily induce the formation of ‘fish scale-like’ and ‘pineapple-like’ galls with branch parasitism rates of between 75.01 ± 7.03 and 88.02 ± 4.39%. Interestingly, the gall tissues in which these two gall-inducing insects were found to be coexisting were discovered at a rate of ~0.2% in the studied populations. The weight and number of gall chambers as well as the number of adelgids in the ‘fish scale-like’ side were higher than those in the ‘pineapple-like’ side. Furthermore, compared with the normal branches, a diterpene neoabietic acid was found at elevated concentrations in the gall tissues, with especially high concentrations seen in the tissues of the co-occupied galls. Neoabietic acid exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus spp. isolated from the branches of P. koraiensis, as well as potent antifungal activity against the hyphal growth of Fusarium graminearum JMY-1, which was obtained from the gall tissues. Our result provides evidence that the coexistence of the two closely related species could be explained by alterations of the host tissues by the insects resulting in increased concentrations of the antimicrobial agent.
Age- and sex-related differences in community-acquired pneumonia at presentation to the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ravioli Svenja , Germann Célina , Gygli Rebecca , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Lindner Gregor 
Published: April 2022

Background and importance
Because of its associated high morbidity and mortality, early identification and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are essential.

Objectives
To investigate age- and sex-related differences in clinical symptoms, radiologic findings and outcomes in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with CAP.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting and participants
Patients admitted to one Swiss ED with radiologically confirmed CAP between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018.

Outcome measures and analysis
Primary aim was to evaluate differences in clinical and radiologic presentation of men vs. women and patients >65 years vs. <65 years with CAP. Secondary outcomes were age- and sex-related differences in terms of Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) risk class, need for ICU referral, mechanical ventilation, in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission and 180-day pneumonia recurrence.

Main results
In total 467 patients with CAP were included. 211 were women (45%). 317 were ≥65 years (68%), of which 145 were women (46%). Older patients less commonly reported chest pain (13 vs. 27%; effect size 14%; 95% CI, 0.07–0.23), fever (39 vs. 53%, effect size 14%; 95% CI, 0.05–0.24), chills (6 vs. 20%; effect size 14%; 95% CI, 0.08–0.0.214), cough (44 vs. 57%; effect size 13%; 95% CI, 0.03–0.22), headache (5 vs. 15%, effect size 10%, 95% CI, 0.04–0.17) and myalgias (5 vs. 19%; effect size 14%; 95% CI, 0.07–0.21). However, 85% of patients with no symptoms were ≥65 years. PSI was lower in women [95 (SD 31) vs. 104 (SD 31); 95% CI, −14.44 to 2.35] and sputum was more common in men (32 vs. 22%; effect size 10%; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.02). Raw mortality was higher in elderly patients [14 vs. 3%; odds ratio (OR), 4.67; 95% CI, 1.81–12.05], whereas it was similar in men and women (11 vs. 10%; OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.67–2.23).

Conclusion
Patients, less than 65 years with CAP presenting to the ED had significantly more typical symptoms such as chest pain, fever, chills, cough, headache and myalgias than those being above 65 years. No relevant differences between men and women were found in clinical presentation, except for PSI on admission, and radiologic findings and neither age nor sex was a predictor for mortality in CAP.