bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial field reconstruction with INLA
Authors: Smole Majda , Rino-Silvestre João , González-Gaitán Santiago , Stalevski Marko 
Published: December 2022

Aims. Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) simulations are a powerful tool for understanding the role of dust in astrophysical systems and its influence on observations. However, due to the strong coupling of the radiation field and medium across the whole computational domain, the problem is non-local and non-linear, and such simulations are computationally expensive in the case of realistic 3D inhomogeneous dust distributions. We explore a novel technique for post-processing MCRT output to reduce the total computational run time by enhancing the output of computationally less expensive simulations of lower-quality.
Methods. We combined principal component analysis (PCA) and non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) as dimensionality reduction techniques together with Gaussian Markov random fields and the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), an approximate method for Bayesian inference, to detect and reconstruct the non-random spatial structure in the images of lower signal-to-noise ratios or with missing data.
Results. We tested our methodology using synthetic observations of a galaxy from the SKIRT Auriga project - a suite of high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic Milky Way-sized galaxies simulated in cosmological environment using a ‘zoom-in' technique. With this approach, we are able to reproduce high-photon-number reference images ~5 times faster with median residuals below ~20%.
Repeating tidal disruptions in GSN 069: Long-term evolution and constraints on quasi-periodic eruptions’ models
Authors: Miniutti G. , Giustini M. , Arcodia R. , Saxton R. D. , Read A. M. , Bianchi S. , Alexander K. D. 
Published: December 2022

Context. GSN 069 is the first galactic nucleus where quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) have been identified in December 2018. These are high-amplitude, soft X-ray bursts recurring every ∼9 h, lasting ∼1 h, and during which the X-ray count rate increases by up to two orders of magnitude with respect to an otherwise stable quiescent level. The X-ray spectral properties and the long-term evolution of GSN 069 in the first few years since its first X-ray detection in 2010 are consistent with a long-lived tidal disruption event (TDE).
Aims. We aim to derive the properties of QPEs and of the long-term X-ray evolution in GSN 069 over the past 12 yr.
Methods. We analyse timing and spectral X-ray data from 11 XMM-Newton, one Chandra, and 34 Swift observations of GSN 069 on timescales ranging from minutes to years.
Results. QPEs in GSN 069 are a transient phenomenon with a lifetime of ≳1.05 yr. The QPE intensity and recurrence time oscillate and allow for alternating strong-weak QPEs and long-short recurrence times to be defined. In observations with QPEs, the quiescent level exhibits a quasi-periodic oscillation with a period equal to the average separation between consecutive QPEs. The QPE spectral evolution is consistent with thermal emission from a very compact region that heats up quickly and subsequently cools down via X-ray emission while expanding by a factor of ∼3 in radius. The long-term evolution of the quiescent level is characterised by two repeating TDEs ∼9 yr apart. We detect a precursor X-ray flare prior to the second TDE that may be associated with the circularisation phase during disc formation. A similar precursor flare is tentatively detected just before the first TDE.
Conclusions. We provide a comprehensive summary of observational results that can be used to inform further theoretical and numerical studies on the origin of QPEs in GSN 069 and we discuss our results in terms of currently proposed QPE models. Future X-ray observations of GSN 069 promise that the QPE origin and the relation between QPEs and repeating TDEs in this galactic nucleus will be constrained, with consequences for the other sources where QPEs have been identified.
Difficultés et pistes de solutions pour l’enseignement médical à distance au cours de la pandémie Covid-19 dans un pays en voie de développement
Authors: Chakiri Radia , Wakrim Soukaina 
Published: December 2022

Contexte et problématique : Conformément aux mesures prises par le gouvernement marocain face à la crise sanitaire liée au coronavirus, toutes les écoles et les facultés ont fermé leurs locaux. Face à cette situation inédite, les équipes pédagogiques se sont mobilisées pour adapter les méthodes et le calendrier des enseignements, en mettant en place des dispositifs d’enseignement à distance de tous les cours théoriques. Analyse : À partir de cette expérience, nous avons fait l’inventaire des différents défis et contraintes vécus par les enseignants et les apprenants et nous proposons quelques pistes de solutions pour y faire face, dans le contexte d’un pays en développement.
The association between ureteral wall thickness and need for additional procedures after primary ureteroscopy in patients with ureteral stones above the iliac crest
Authors: Bulbul Emre , Tutar Onur , Gultekin Mehmet Hamza , Ilki Yavuz , Citgez Sinharib , Onal Bulent 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose To examine the parameters affecting the need for additional procedures in the primary ureteroscopy treatment in patients with ureteral stones above the iliac crest level.
Methods Seventy-one patients were included in the study who were ≥ 18
years old and had undergone ureteroscopy (URS) for ureteral stones above the iliac crest level
between 2018–2020 and had a non-contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography before the
procedures were included in the study. Patients and stone characteristics were prospectively
collected. The results were evaluated six weeks after URS. The absence of any residual
fragment was thought to indicate stone-free status. The patients with failure were referred
for the additional procedures.
Results The median patient age was 51 years [interquartile range
(IQR): 18–66]. The median transverse stone diameter was 9.5 mm (IQR: 7.1–11.4), and the median
ureteral wall thickness (UWT) was 5.8 mm (IQR: 4.3–6.5). In the univariate analysis, UWT
(p < 0.001), presence of multiple stones (p = 0.008), and stone length (p = 0.022) affected
stone-free status. The multivariate analysis revealed UWT as the only independent factor
affecting the need for additional procedures after URS (p = 0.028). In the receiver operating
characteristic curve analysis, the best threshold value for UWT according to the outcomes was
identified as 5.8 mm.
Conclusion Ureteral wall thickness was the only independent parameter determining the need for additional procedures and affecting the treatment outcomes after the URS procedure.
Videoassistierte Thorakoskopie (VATS) beim Thoraxtrauma
Authors: Schreyer Christof , Eckermann Christoph , Neudecker Jens , Becker Lars , Schulz-Drost Stefan 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit Anfang der 90er-Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts wird die videoassistierte Thorakoskopie (VATS) in zunehmendem Maße für eine Vielzahl von Indikationen in der Behandlung des Thoraxtraumas
eingesetzt. In dieser Zeit hat sich die Prämisse für den Einsatz der Thorakoskopie nicht geändert. Ihr Einsatz wird durchgehend nur für respiratorisch und kreislaufstabile Patient*innen mit
einem Thoraxtrauma empfohlen. Um die Indikationen der VATS für den Einsatz beim Thoraxtrauma zu definieren, hat die Unter-AG Lungenverletzung als Teil der interdisziplinären AG Thoraxtrauma
der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) Behandlungsempfehlungen auf der Basis einer aktuellen Literaturrecherche
(angelehnt an die PRISMA-Checkliste/hier: MEDLINE via PubMed von 1993 bis 2022) erarbeitet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden nach Sichtung der recherchierten Literatur die Indikationen für
die VATS in der Versorgung des Thoraxtraumas identifiziert, um klinische Anwendungsempfehlungen für den Einsatz der VATS beim Thoraxtrauma zu formulieren. Nach der Analyse von 1679
gefundenen Literaturhinweisen verblieben insgesamt 4 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien (RCTs), 4 klinische Studien sowie 5 Metaanalysen oder systematische Reviews und 39 Reviews, die
aufgrund der geringen Evidenz der vorliegenden Literatur keinen höheren Empfehlungsgrad als konsensuelle Empfehlungen erlauben. In den letzten 30 Jahren haben sich die
Stabilisierungsmöglichkeiten in der Versorgung von Traumapatient*innen deutlich verbessert, sodass die Indikationen zum Einsatz der VATS zunehmend erweitert werden konnten. Auch die seit
mehr als 50 Jahren bestehende Empfehlung, Traumapatient*innen bei einem initialen Blutverlust ≥ 1500 ml über die liegende Thoraxdrainage oder bei einem fortwährenden Blutverlust ≥ 250 ml/h
über 4 h zu thorakotomieren, hat sich mit den heutzutage besseren Stabilisierungsmaßnahmen relativiert. Für instabile/nicht stabilisierbare Patient*innen mit einer notfallmäßig zu
versorgenden Thoraxverletzung ist die Thorakotomie weiterhin die Methode der Wahl, während die VATS in der Diagnostik und Therapie stabiler Patient*innen mit einem penetrierenden oder
stumpfen Thoraxtrauma für eine Vielzahl von Indikationen empfohlen wird. Indikationen für die VATS sind der persistierende Hämatothorax, die Sanierung von Verletzungen und Blutungen an
Lunge, Zwerchfell, Thoraxwand und anderen Organverletzungen sowie in der Sekundärphase die Therapie der thorakalen Verletzungsfolgen (Empyem, persistierende pulmonale Fistelung, infizierte
Atelektase etc.).
Update Mammakarzinom 2022 Teil 3 – Brustkrebs in frühen Krankheitsstadien
Authors: Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Müller Volkmar , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Thomssen Christoph , Witzel Isabell , Belleville Erik , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Schneeweiss Andreas , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Wöckel Achim , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Harbeck Nadia , Stickeler Elmar 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden neueste Entwicklungen in der Prävention von Brustkrebs und Behandlung von Patientinnen mit frühen Krankheitsstadien mit Mammakarzinom zusammengefasst. Die Ermittlung von individuellen Erkrankungsrisiken nach molekularen Subtypen wurde in einer großen epidemiologischen Studie untersucht. Im Bereich der Behandlung gibt es neue Daten zur Langzeitnachbeobachtung der Aphinity-Studie ebenso wie neue Daten zur neoadjuvanten Therapie von HER2-positiven Patientinnen mit Atezolizumab. Biomarker wie Residual Cancer Burden wurden im Zusammenhang mit einer Pembrolizumab-Therapie untersucht. Eine Untersuchung des Genomic-Grade-Indexes bei älteren Patientinnen reiht sich ein in die Gruppe von Studien, die versucht, durch moderne Multigentests Patientinnen zu identifizieren, bei denen eine Chemotherapie vermieden werden kann, weil diese eine exzellente Prognose haben. Diese und weitere Aspekte der neuesten Entwicklungen bei der Diagnostik und Therapie des Mammakarzinoms werden in dieser Übersichtsarbeit beschrieben.
Okkulter und residueller Hämatothorax nach Thoraxtrauma – Empfehlungen der interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe Thoraxtrauma der Sektion NIS der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Unfallchirurgie (DGU) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT)
Authors: Krämer Sebastian , Graeff Pascal , Lindner Sebastian , Walles Thorsten , Becker Lars 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Versorgung okkulter und residueller Hämatothoraces (synonym retinierte/residuale Hämothoraces) stellt für die an der Polytraumaversorgung Beteiligten sowohl in Aspekten der Diagnostik
als auch der Therapie eine wiederkehrende Herausforderung dar. Diese ergibt sich selten aus einer unmittelbaren Notfallsituation, sondern vielmehr daraus, wie mögliche Folgeerscheinungen
eines Pleuraempyems und einer fixierten Lunge vermieden werden können. Die interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT) und Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Unfallchirurgie (DGU) zur Thoraxtraumaversorgung unterstützt die Ausarbeitung einer Empfehlung basierend auf einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzothiophene-Containing Lipoxin A4 Analogues with Lower-Chain Modifications
Authors: Guiry Patrick J. , Tighe Catherine , Owen Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLipoxins are an important class of pro-resolving mediators that play a crucial role in the resolution of inflammation. Thus, the synthesis of more metabolically stable synthetic lipoxin analogues is an area of significant interest. Herein the asymmetric synthesis of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) mimetics is reported in which the triene core of the molecule has been replaced by an aromatic sulfur-containing benzothiophene ring. The key steps in the synthesis included a Friedel–Crafts acylation, a Suzuki coupling between two upper and lower chain fragments, and a highly stereoselective Noyori transfer hydrogenation to set the stereochemistry of the alcohol at the benzylic position. A small library of benzothiophene-containing LXA4 analogues with further structural modifications was also successfully synthesised. These included analogues with phenoxy, p-fluorophenoxy, and p-trifluoromethylphenoxy substituents incorporated into the lower alkyl chain with the objective of providing enhanced metabolic stability by blocking ω-oxidation pathways.
Control over Stereogenic N–N Axes by Pd-Catalyzed 5-endo-Hydroaminocyclizations
Authors: Sparr Christof , Hutskalova Valeriia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA novel approach for the stereoselective construction of N–N atropisomeric compounds by a Pd-catalyzed 5-endo-hydroaminocyclization is described herein. A broad range of bisheterocycles , connected by a configurationally stable N–N stereogenic axis, were prepared with catalyst control in enantioenriched form.
Age-Related Neurodevelopmental Features in Children with Joubert Syndrome
Authors: Scuderi Anna , Prato Adriana , Dicanio Daniela , Spoto Giulia , Salpietro Vincenzo , Ceravolo Giorgia , Granata Francesca , Farello Giovanni , Iapadre Giulia , Zagaroli Luca , Nanni Giuliana , Ceravolo Ida , Pironti Erica , Amore Greta , Rosa Gabriella Di 
Published: December 2022

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare inherited disorder of central nervous system with neonatal/infantile onset, mainly affecting cerebellum and brainstem, and clinically characterized by agenesis or dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis with accompanying brainstem malformations. More than 20 disease-causing genes have been associated with JS but a clear genotype–phenotype correlation has not been assessed yet. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by detection of the JS neuroradiological hallmark, the molar tooth sign. Patients with JS typically present with neurological manifestations, moreover, a heterogeneous spectrum of multisystemic anomalies may be observed. Signs and symptoms onset varies according to the age range and clinical diagnosis might become complicated. Moreover, specific neurodevelopmental disorders can be associated with JS such as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit with hyperactivity, and a wide range of behavioral disturbances. Here, we examined the main neurological and neurodevelopmental features of JS according to an age-dependent mode of presentation. Furthermore, differential diagnosis with other neurological syndromes was closely reviewed.
High sensitivity detection of nanoparticles permeation through polymer membranes: A physico-chemical and nuclear imaging measurement approach
Authors: Omar Mahmoud Mohamed , Kiseleva Mariia , Laprise-Pelletier Myriam , Auge Amelie , Tuduri Ludovic , Fortin Marc-André 
Published: December 2022

Diffusion cells are devices made of donor and acceptor compartments (DC and AC), separated by a membrane. They are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, toxicology, and protective equipment tests (e.g., gloves) to measure the kinetics of permeants (molecules and nanoparticles) across biological membranes as the skin. However, rarely is the concentration of permeants in the AC measured in continuous or in real-time, and this limitation leads to significant discrepancies in the calculations of kinetic parameters that define the permeation mechanisms. In this study, a diffusion cell compatible with positron emission tomography was used to measure the permeation kinetics of nanoparticles across glove membranes. The technology allows for the measurement of nanoparticle concentration in real-time in the two compartments (DC and AC) and at a detection sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher compared with conventional spectroscopies, thus allowing a much more precise extraction of kinetic parameters. Ultra-small (&lt;10 nm) gold nanoparticles were used as a model nanoparticle contaminant. They were radiolabeled, and their diffusion kinetics was measured in continuous through latex and nitrile polymer membranes. Permeation profiles were recorded at sub-nanomolar sensitivity and in real-time, thus allowing the high precision extraction of kinetic permeation parameters. The technology, methodology, and data extraction process developed in this work could be applied to measure in real-time the kinetics of diffusion of a whole range of potentially toxic molecules and nanoparticles across polymer membranes, including glove membranes.
High order relativistic corrections on the electric field gradient within the LRESC formalism
Authors: Aucar Juan J. , Maldonado Alejandro F. , Melo Juan I. 
Published: December 2022

In this work, we present relativistic corrections to the electric field gradient (EFG) given by the Linear Response Elimination of the Small Component (LRESC) scheme at 1/c2 order and including for the first time spin-dependent (SD) corrections at 1/c4 order. We show that these new terms improve the performance of LRESC as results with this methodology are very close to those calculated at the four-component Dirac–Hartree–Fock (4c-DHF) level. We assess the new corrections in BrY and AtY di-halogen (Y = F, Cl, Br, I, and At) and XZY bi-linear molecules (Z = Zn, Cd, and Hg; X, Y = F, Cl, Br, I, and At). At the 4c-DHF level, we analyze the contributions coming from the large and small components of the relativistic 4c wave function to the electronic part of EFG and compare them with the LRESC corrections to find their electronic origin. For the HgX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) subset, when the SD correcting terms are included, LRESC calculations match very well with 4c-DHF ones and those from the literature, with differences less than 1% for molecules containing up to three heavy atoms. We show that LRESC gives accurate values of EFG, allowing the analysis of the electronic origin of relativistic effects in terms of well-known nonrelativistic operators.
How can we encourage the provision of early medical abortion in primary care? Results of a best–worst scaling survey
Authors: Haas Marion , Church Jody , Street Deborah J. , Bateson Deborah , Mazza Danielle 
Published: December 2022

Background Almost one in four women in Australia experience an unintended pregnancy during their lifetime; of these, approximately 30% currently end in abortion. Although early medical abortion (EMA) up to 9 weeks gestation is becoming more widely available in Australia, it is still not commonly offered in primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate the barriers and facilitators to the provision of EMA in primary care. Methods A sample of 150 general practitioners (GPs) and 150 registered nurses (RNs) working in Australia responded to a best–worst scaling survey designed to answer the following question: what are the most important facilitators and barriers to the provision of EMA in primary care? Results GPs believe that the lack of clinical guidelines, the amount of information provision and counselling required, and the fact that women who are not their patients may not return for follow-up are the most important barriers. For RNs, these three barriers, together with the stigma of being known as being involved in the provision of EMA, are the most important barriers. The formation of a community of practice to support the provision of EMA was identified by both professions as the most important facilitator. Conclusions Having access to a community of practice, enhanced training and reducing stigma will encourage the provision of EMA. Although clinical guidelines are available, they need to be effectively disseminated, implemented and endorsed by peak bodies. Primary care practices should consider using task sharing and developing patient resources to facilitate the provision of information and counselling.
The power of information design in enhancing the organization of information and course material in an online Virtual
Learning Environment (VLE)
Authors: Lonsdale Maria dos Santos , Qin Xiaoxiao , Chen Yun , Green Heather , Algethami Maha , Xu Jiawen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The way information is organized and designed on virtual learning environments (VLEs) is poor (e.g., unclear,
unattractive and overwhelmingly dense). This study evaluates and redesigns a VLE platform to enhance access to information and
course material. A three-stage user-centred mixed-methods research approach was used with students taking part as co-creators of
education, researchers, designers and end-users. Results show that performance was significantly better with two layouts designed
following information design principles and a user-centred research process, than with the existing layout. Participants’ opinion
also reflected this same trend. A set of guidelines to improve the design of VLEs is provided.
Evaluating preschoolers’ references to characteristics of the Hebrew orthography via a computerized early spelling
game
Authors: Elimelech Adi , Aram Dorit 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The current study evaluated how characteristics of Hebrew, a Semitic language with an abjad
writing system, are manifested in Hebrew-speaking preschoolers’ play with a computerized spelling game adapted for Hebrew. The
game words were of different lengths and structures so as to include the entire Hebrew alphabet and all the vowels (a,
e, i, o, u) in all possible positions in the word (first, last, second). We analyzed the 18,720
spellings typed by 96 preschoolers aged 5;7 years (on average) who played the game during eight sessions (about 20 minutes per
session) in one month.
The study indicated a greater difficulty in spelling א, ה, ו, י letters as consonants than as vowels, and more
success in spelling ב, כ, פ letters that are pronounced as stops, as compared to the same letters that are pronounced as spirants.
The success in spelling consonants and consonant-vowel letters was identical. Within a word, there was greater success in spelling
the first letter, than in spelling the last letter, and the second letter. The length of the word did not influence success in
spelling the first, second, or last letter in the word. At the same time, spelling an entire shorter word was easier than spelling
an entire longer word. Lastly, spelling of words to which children had more exposures was easier than spelling words with only a
single exposure. The discussion focuses on the implications of the study and refers to the nature of appropriate literacy-oriented
digital Hebrew games and activities with preschoolers.