bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing artificial‐intelligence techniques with state‐of‐the‐art parametric prediction models for predicting soybean traits
Authors: Ray Susweta , Jarquin Diego , Howard Reka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a significant source of protein and oil and is also widely used as animal feed. Thus, developing lines that are superior in terms of yield, protein, and oil content is important to feed the ever‐growing population. As opposed to high‐cost phenotyping, genotyping is both cost and time efficient for breeders because evaluating new lines in different environments (location–year combinations) can be costly. Several genomic prediction (GP) methods have been developed to use the marker and environment data effectively to predict the yield or other relevant phenotypic traits of crops. Our study compares a conventional GP method (genomic best linear unbiased predictor [GBLUP]), a kernel method (Gaussian kernel [GK]), an artificial‐intelligence (AI) method (deep learning [DL]), and a hybrid method that corresponds to the emulation of a DL model using a kernel method (an arc‐cosine kernel [AK]) in terms of their prediction accuracies for predicting grain yield, oil, and protein using data from the soybean nested association mapping experiment (1,379 genotypes tested in six environments, all genotypes in all environments). The relative performance of the four methods varied with the response variable and whether the model includes the genotype × environmental interaction (G×E) effects or not. The GBLUP consistently showed better performances, whereas GK and AK followed a similar pattern to GBLUP and DL performed slightly worse than the other three methods in most of the cases; however, this may also be attributed to suboptimal hyperparameters. The DL method performed particularly worse than the other three methods in presence of the G×E effects.
Spectrum of brain malformations in fetuses with mild tubulinopathy
Authors: Hagege R. , Krajden Haratz K. , Malinger G. , Ben‐Sira L. , Leibovitz Z. , Heron D. , Burglen L. , Birnbaum R. , Valence S. , Keren B. , Blumkin L. , Jouannic J.‐M. , Lerman‐Sagie T. , Garel C. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo report on a large cohort of fetuses with mild forms of tubulinopathy and to define prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that can facilitate prenatal diagnosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study of fetuses diagnosed between January 2007 and February 2022 with a mild tubulinopathy (without lissencephaly or microlissencephaly). We collected and reviewed brain imaging and genetic data, and defined major criteria as findings observed in ≥ 70% of the patients and minor criteria as those observed in ≥ 50% but < 70% of the patients.ResultsOur cohort included 34 fetuses. The mean gestational age at ultrasound screening, when suspicion of a central nervous system anomaly was first raised, was 24.2 (range, 17–33) weeks. Callosal anomalies (n = 19 (56%)) and abnormal ventricles (n = 18 (53%)) were the main reasons for referral. The mean gestational age at neurosonography was 28.3 (range, 23–34) weeks and that at MRI was 30.2 (range, 24–35) weeks. Major ultrasound criteria were midline distortion, ventricular asymmetry, dysmorphic and/or dilated frontal horn(s) and abnormal sulcation. Minor ultrasound criteria were distortion of the cavum septi pellucidi, abnormal corpus callosum, absent or asymmetric olfactory sulci, ventriculomegaly and basal ganglia dysmorphism. Major MRI criteria were midline distortion, distortion of the cavum septi pellucidi, ventricular asymmetry, dilatation (generally unilateral) and/or distortion, dysmorphic and/or dilated frontal horn(s) and abnormal sulcation (mainly dysgyria). Minor MRI criteria were absent or asymmetric olfactory sulci, abnormal bulge of the pons, anteroposterior diameter of the pons ≤ 5th centile and brainstem asymmetry. A mutation was found in TUBB3 (44.1% of cases), TUBB (23.5%), TUBB2B (14.7%) or TUBA1A (17.6%). The mutation was inherited from a parent in 18/34 cases. The pregnancy was terminated in 23/34 cases.ConclusionsPrenatal diagnosis of mild forms of tubulinopathy is possible but challenging. We have defined, in this large series of fetuses, major and minor criteria that can help identify this entity in utero. Most findings can be visualized on ultrasound. This evaluation is also important for prenatal counseling. Once a prenatal diagnosis of mild tubulinopathy is suspected, the family members should be referred for exome sequencing and MRI. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A Self-supervised Adversarial Learning Approach for Network Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Deng Lirui , Zhao Youjian , Bao Heng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe network intrusion detection system (NIDS) plays an essential role in network security. Although many data-driven approaches from the field of machine learning have been proposed to increase the efficacy of NIDSs, it still suffers from extreme data imbalance and the performance of existing algorithms depends highly on training datasets. To counterpart the class-imbalanced problem in network intrusion detection, it is necessary for models to capture more representative clues within same categories instead of learning from only classification loss. In this paper, we proposed a self-supervised adversarial learning approach for intrusion detection, which utilize instance-level discrimination for better representation learning and employs a adversarial perturbation styled data augmentation to improve the robustness of NIDS on rarely seen attacking types. State-of-the-art result was achieved on multiple frequently-used datasets and experiment conducted on cross-dataset setting demonstrated good generalization ability.
A handbook of holographic 4-point functions
Authors: Bzowski Adam , McFadden Paul , Skenderis Kostas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a comprehensive discussion of tree-level holographic 4-point functions of scalar operators in momentum space. We show that each individual Witten diagram satisfies the conformal Ward identities on its own and is thus a valid conformal correlator. When the β = ∆ − d/2 are half-integral, with ∆ the dimensions of the operators and d the spacetime dimension, the Witten diagrams can be evaluated in closed form and we present explicit formulae for the case d = 3 and ∆ = 2, 3. These correlators require renormalization, which we carry out explicitly, and lead to new conformal anomalies and beta functions. Correlators of operators of different dimension may be linked via weight-shifting operators, which allow new correlators to be generated from given ‘seed’ correlators. We present a new derivation of weight-shifting operators in momentum space and uncover several subtleties associated with their use: such operators map exchange diagrams to a linear combination of exchange and contact diagrams, and special care must be taken when renormalization is required.
Inhalation therapies in COPD — adverse drug reactions impact on emergency department presentations
Authors: Bergs Ingmar , Just Katja S. , Scholl Catharina , Dreher Michael , Stingl Julia C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Inhaled drugs have been cornerstones in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for decades and show a high prescription volume. Due to the local application, drug safety issues of these therapies are often underestimated by professionals and patients. Data about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by inhaled therapy in patients with COPD and polypharmacy are rare. We aimed to analyze the use and relevance of inhaled therapies in those patients in relation to ADR complaints, which were severe enough to warrant presentation to the emergency department.

Methods
Emergency department cases due to suspected ADRs of the ADRED database (n = 2939, “Adverse Drug Reactions in Emergency Departments”; DRKS-ID: DRKS00008979, registration date 01/11/2017) were analyzed for inhaled drugs in patients with COPD. ADRs in cases with overdosed inhaled drugs were compared to non-overdosed cases. ADRs, potentially caused by inhaled drugs, were evaluated, clustered into complexes, and assessed for association with inhaled drug classes.

Results
Of the 269 included COPD cases, 67% (n = 180) received inhaled therapy. In 16% (n = 28), these therapies were overdosed. Overdosed cases presented the complexes of malaise and local symptoms more frequently. Related to the use of inhaled anticholinergics, local (dysphagia-like) and related to inhaled beta-2 agonists, local (dysphagia-like) and sympathomimetic-like ADRs presented more frequently.

Conclusion
Overdosed inhaled therapies in patients with COPD lead to relevant ADRs and impact on emergency room presentations. These are rarely associated to inhaled therapy by healthcare professionals or patients. Due to the high volume of inhaled drug prescriptions, pharmacovigilance and patient education should be more focused in patients with COPD. German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS‐ID: DRKS00008979
Very Low Rates of Spontaneous Gene Deletions and Gene Duplications in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Gill Shelbi E. , Chain Frédéric J. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study of spontaneous mutation rates has revealed a wide range of heritable point mutation rates across species, but there are comparatively few estimates for large-scale deletion and duplication rates. The handful of studies that have directly calculated spontaneous rates of deletion and duplication using mutation accumulation lines have estimated that genes are duplicated and deleted at orders of magnitude greater rates than the spontaneous point mutation rate. In our study, we tested whether spontaneous gene deletion and gene duplication rates are also high in Dictyostelium discoideum, a eukaryote with among the lowest point mutation rates (2.5 × 10–11 per site per generation) and an AT-rich genome (GC content of 22%). We calculated mutation rates of gene deletions and duplications using whole-genome sequencing data originating from a mutation accumulation experiment and determined the association between the copy number mutations and GC content. Overall, we estimated an average of 3.93 × 10–8 gene deletions and 1.18 × 10–8 gene duplications per gene per generation. While orders of magnitude greater than their point mutation rate, these rates are much lower compared to gene deletion and duplication rates estimated from mutation accumulation lines in other organisms (that are on the order of ~ 10–6 per gene/generation). The deletions and duplications were enriched in regions that were AT-rich even compared to the genomic background, in contrast to our expectations if low GC content was contributing to low mutation rates. The low deletion and duplication mutation rates in D. discoideum compared to other eukaryotes mirror their low point mutation rates, supporting previous work suggesting that this organism has high replication fidelity and effective molecular machinery to avoid the accumulation of mutations in their genome.
The role of learning-walk related multisensory experience in rewiring visual circuits in the desert ant brain
Authors: Rössler Wolfgang , Grob Robin , Fleischmann Pauline N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEfficient spatial orientation in the natural environment is crucial for the survival of most animal species. Cataglyphis desert ants possess excellent navigational skills. After far-ranging foraging excursions, the ants return to their inconspicuous nest entrance using celestial and panoramic cues. This review focuses on the question about how naïve ants acquire the necessary spatial information and adjust their visual compass systems. Naïve ants perform structured learning walks during their transition from the dark nest interior to foraging under bright sunlight. During initial learning walks, the ants perform rotational movements with nest-directed views using the earth’s magnetic field as an earthbound compass reference. Experimental manipulations demonstrate that specific sky compass cues trigger structural neuronal plasticity in visual circuits to integration centers in the central complex and mushroom bodies. During learning walks, rotation of the sky-polarization pattern is required for an increase in volume and synaptic complexes in both integration centers. In contrast, passive light exposure triggers light-spectrum (especially UV light) dependent changes in synaptic complexes upstream of the central complex. We discuss a multisensory circuit model in the ant brain for pathways mediating structural neuroplasticity at different levels following passive light exposure and multisensory experience during the performance of learning walks.
Malnutrition risk and frailty in head and neck cancer patients: coexistent but distinct conditions
Authors: Dewansingh Priya , Bras Linda , ter Beek Lies , Krijnen Wim P. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. , van der Schans Cees P. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Jager-Wittenaar Harriët 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Both malnutrition and frailty are associated with adverse treatment outcomes. Malnutrition (risk) and frailty are each commonly present in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). However, their coexistence and association is unknown. Main goal of this study is to determine the coexistence of, and the association between malnutrition risk and frailty in patients with HNC.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis on prospectively collected data, newly diagnosed patients with HNC, enrolled in the OncoLifeS databiobank were included. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF) was used to assess malnutrition risk. The Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) was used to assess frailty status. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, taking into account several patient- and tumor-related factors.

Results
In total, 197 patients were included. Seventy-six patients (39%) had a medium or high malnutrition risk and 71 patients (36%) were frail. In 38 patients (19%), malnutrition risk coexisted with frailty. Patients with medium and high malnutrition risk were, respectively, 4.0 (95% CI 1.5–11.2) and 13.4 (95% CI 4.0–48.7) times more likely to be frail, compared to patients with low malnutrition risk. In turn, frail patients were 6.4 times (95% CI 2.6–14.9) more likely to have malnutrition risk compared to non-frail patients.

Conclusions
Malnutrition risk and frailty frequently coexist but not fully overlap in newly diagnosed patients with HNC. Therefore, screening for both conditions is recommended.
Abundance, distribution, and expression of nematicidal crystal protein genes in Bacillus thuringiensis strains from diverse habitats
Authors: Bel Yolanda , Andrés-Antón Miguel , Escriche Baltasar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium that accumulates pesticidal proteins (Cry and Cyt) in parasporal crystals. Proteins from the Cry5, App6 (formerly Cry6), Cry12, Cry13, Cry14, Cry21, and Xpp55 (formerly Cry55) families have been identified as toxic to nematodes. In this study, a total of 846 Bt strains belonging to four collections were analyzed to determine the diversity and distribution of the Bt Cry nematicidal protein genes. We analyzed their presence by PCR, and positives were confirmed by sequencing. As a result, 164 Bt isolates (20%) contained at least one gene coding for nematicidal Cry proteins. The cry5 and cry21 genes were enriched in collection 1 and were often found together in the same strain. Differently, in collection 4, obtained from similar habitats but after 10 years, cry14 was the gene most frequently found. In collection 2, cry5 and app6 were the most abundant genes, and collection 3 had a low incidence of any of these genes. The results point to high variability in the frequencies of the studied genes depending on the timing, geographical origins, and sources. The occurrence of cry1A, cry2, and cry3 genes was also analyzed and showed that the nematicidal Cry protein genes were frequently accompanied by cry1A + cry2. The expression of the genes was assessed by mass spectrometry showing that only 14% of the positive strains produced nematicidal proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive screening that examines the presence and expression of genes from the seven known Bt Cry nematicidal families.
The environmental effects of the “twin” green and digital transition in European regions
Authors: Bianchini Stefano , Damioli Giacomo , Ghisetti Claudia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study explores the nexus between digital and green transformations—the so-called “twin” transition—in European regions in an effort to identify the impact of digital and environmental technologies on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originating from industrial production. We conduct an empirical analysis based on an original dataset that combines information on environmental and digital patent applications with information on GHG emissions from highly polluting plants for the period 2007–2016 at the metropolitan region level in the European Union and the UK. Results show that the local development of environmental technologies reduces GHG emissions, while the local development of digital technologies increases them, albeit in the latter case different technologies seem to have different impacts on the environment, with big data and computing infrastructures being the most detrimental. We also find differential impacts across regions depending on local endowment levels of the respective technologies: the beneficial effect of environmental technologies is stronger in regions with large digital technology endowments and, conversely, the detrimental effect of digital technologies is weaker in regions with large green technology endowments. Policy actions promoting the “twin” transition should take this evidence into account, in light of the potential downside of the digital transformation when not combined with the green transformation.
A Novel HydroEconomic - Econometric Approach for Integrated Transboundary Water Management Under Uncertainty
Authors: Englezos N. , Kartala X. , Koundouri P. , Tsionas M. , Alamanos A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe optimal management of scarce transboundary water resources among competitive users is expected to be challenged by the effects of climate change on water availability. The multiple economic and social implications, including conflicts between neighbouring countries, as well as competitive sectors within each country are difficult to estimate and predict, to inform policy-making. In this paper, this problem is approached as a stochastic multistage dynamic game: we develop and apply a novel framework for assessing and evaluating different international strategies regarding transboundary water resources use, under conditions of hydrological uncertainty. The Omo-Turkana transboundary basin in Africa is used as a case study application, since it increasingly faces the above challenges, including the international tension between Kenya and Ethiopia and each individual country’s multi-sectoral competition for water use. The mathematical framework combines a hydro-economic model (water balance, water costs and benefits), and an econometric model (production functions and water demand curves) which are tested under cooperative and non-cooperative conditions (Stackelberg “leader–follower” game). The results show the cross-country and cross-sectoral water use—economic trade-offs, the future water availability for every game case, the sector-specific production function estimations (including residential, agriculture, energy, mining, tourism sectors), with nonparametric treatment, allowing for technical inefficiency in production and autocorrelated Total Factor Productivity, providing thus a more realistic simulation. Cooperation between the two countries is the most beneficial case for future water availability and economic growth. The study presents a replicable, sophisticated modelling framework, for holistic transboundary water management.
Narrative characteristics of captivating secondary mathematics lessons
Authors: Dietiker Leslie , Singh Rashmi , Riling Meghan , Nieves Hector I. , Barno Erin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhy do some mathematics lessons captivate high school students and others not? This study explores this question by comparing how the content unfolds in the lessons that students rated highest with respect to their aesthetic affordances (e.g., using terms like “intriguing,” “surprising”) with those the same students rated lowest with respect to their aesthetic affordances (e.g., “just ok,” “dull”). Using a framework that interprets the unfolding content across a lesson as a mathematical story, we examine how some lessons can provoke curiosity or enable surprise. We identify eight characteristics that distinguish captivating lessons and show how some, such as the average number of questions under consideration at any point in the lesson, are strongly related to student aesthetic experiences. In addition, the lessons that students described as more interesting included more instances of misdirection, such as when students’ false assumptions provide opportunities for surprising results. These findings point to the characteristics of future lesson designs that could enable more students to experience curiosity and wonder in secondary mathematics classrooms.
The paradox of technology in online education during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experiences of safety and security students in a Dutch university
Authors: Matczak Anna , Akdogan Huseyin , Ashmore Dillon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to reflect on the experiences of safety and security management students, enrolled in an undergraduate course in the Netherlands, and present quantitative data from an online survey that aimed to explore the factors that have contributed to students’ satisfaction with, and engagement in, online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main findings suggest an interesting paradox of technology, which is worth further exploration in future research. Firstly, students with self perceived higher technological skill levels tend to reject online education more often as they see substantial shortcomings of classes in the way they are administered as compared to the vast available opportunities for real innovation. Secondly, as opposed to democratising education and allowing for custom-made, individualistic education schedules that help less-privileged students, online education can also lead to the displacement of education by income-generating activities altogether. Lastly, as much as technology allowed universities during the COVID-19 pandemic to continue with education, the transition to the environment, which is defined by highly interactive and engaging potential, may in fact be a net contributor to the feelings of social isolation, digital educational inequality and tension around commercialisation in higher education.