bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal lifestyle behaviors and 10‐year progression of arterial stiffness: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Tedla Yacob G. , Gepner Adam , Stein James H. , Delaney Joseph A. , Liu Chia‐Ying , Greenland Philip 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMajority of previous studies showed no association between a single health behavior and arterial stiffness, but the benefit of simultaneously having multiple healthy behaviors (optimal lifestyle) on the progression of arterial stiffness is unknown. Among 2810 individuals (age 60.0 ± 9.4, 46.5% male), optimal lifestyle marker (yes/no) on four health behaviors (ie, BMI < 25 kg/m2, never or former smoker, never or moderate drinker, exercised > 500 METS min/week) across four visits (≈ 5 years) were summed to create an optimal lifestyle score. Carotid arterial stiffness was measured using distensibility coefficient (DC) and Young's elastic modulus (YEM) at visit 1 and after a mean of 9.5 years (visit 5). The association of optimal lifestyle with 10‐year percent change in DC and YEM was assessed using multiple linear regression. DC decreased by 5.3% and YEM increased by 24.4% over 10 years. Mean optimal lifestyle score was 9.4 ± 3.1 (range: 0–16). Individuals in quintiles 2–5 of optimal lifestyle score compared to quintile 1 (with the least optimal lifestyle score) did not show slower deceleration of DC [Q2, −0.3% (95% CI: −6.0, 5.4); Q3, −0.01% (−4.5, 4.5); Q4, −0.6% (−5.2, 3.9); Q5, −0.4% (−5.3, 4.4)], trend p‐value = .82] or slower progression of YEM [Q2, 0.1% (−7.1, 7.3); Q3, −0.8% (−8.0, 6.5); Q4, 4.5% (−2.3, 11.3); Q5, −0.2% (−8.3, 7.9)], trend p‐value = .49] after adjusting for risk factors. The association remained non‐significant when stratified by categories of age, sex, race, BP control, and diabetes. Our findings indicate that optimal score on multiple health behaviors may not independently slow arterial stiffness progression.
Measurement tools that assess the quality of transitional care from patients' perspective: A literature review
Authors: Yoshimura Mai , Sumi Naomi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTransitional care is important for improving the quality of life of patients discharged from hospitals. Patient‐reported experience measures help improve transitional care quality. Thus, this literature review aimed to identify and appraise measurement tools that assess transitional care quality from the patient's perspective and identify its components.MethodsDevelopment and validation studies were systematically searched in the PubMed and CINAHL databases. The review team appraised the methodological quality and statistical results of measurement properties using the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology.ResultsA total of 30 studies and seven instruments were identified. The target population was patients discharged from hospital to a home or nursing home (mean age = 52–84 years). The measurement time was before or after the discharge. The number of items in the original versions of the measures ranged from eight to 41, with short versions ranging from three to 12. The overall methodological quality of structural validity, internal consistency, and hypotheses testing was mostly “very good or adequate,” according to COSMIN criteria. However, content validity and development were mostly “inadequate or doubtful” or not reported. The main components of included measures comprised “self‐care after discharge,” “providing information to the patient,” “patient engagement in the care plan,” and “dealing with patient's concerns.”ConclusionThe quality appraisal results and identified components are useful for choosing measurement tools in clinical practice and research. The Care Transitions Measure is the most widely validated measurement tool.
Perceived access, fear, and preventative behavior: Key relationships for positive outcomes during the COVID‐19 health crisis
Authors: Vann Richard J. , Tanner Emily C. , Kizilova Elvira 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic reduced real and perceived access to healthcare services, exacerbating pandemic fear, and thus influencing consumers' adoption of preventative health behaviors. Extending the EHBM, results from two studies show that perceived access to health services and pandemic fear impact an individual's general and COVID‐preventative health behaviors. High perceived access reduces pandemic fear through its buffering effects on perceived health vulnerability and pandemic‐related health system concern, especially with telehealth usage during the pandemic. While pandemic fear motivates COVID‐19 vaccination, pandemic fear reduces personal preventative health behavior (e.g., healthy eating, exercising) and has little effect on personal COVID‐preventative behaviors (e.g., wearing a mask, social distancing) when individuals perceive high pandemic‐related control. Moreover, the fear‐behavior link does not hold for preventative health visits; instead, perceived access directly promotes preventative visits and screening. This research informs public health stakeholders' communication, education, and resource allocation during health crises like the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Geographical heterogeneities and externalities in an epidemiological‐macroeconomic framework
Authors: La Torre Davide , Liuzzi Danilo , Marsiglio Simone 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe analyze the implications of geographical heterogeneities and externalities on health and macroeconomic outcomes by extending a basic epidemiological‐macroeconomic model to a spatial dimension. Because of people's migration and commuting across different regions, a disease may spread also in areas far from those in which the outbreak originally occurs and thus the health status (i.e., disease prevalence) in specific regions may depend on the health status in other regions as well. We show that neglecting the existence of cross‐regional effects may lead to misleading conclusions about the long run outcome not only in single regions but also in the entire economy, suggesting that single regions need to coordinate their efforts to achieve disease eradication. We analyze such a coordination by focusing on a control problem in which the social planner determines globally the level of intervention showing that to achieve eradication it is essential to accompany traditional disease control policies (i.e., prevention and treatment) with regulations limiting people's movements. Focusing on COVID‐19 we present a calibration based on Italian data showing that, because of the infections generated by cross‐regional commuting, even vaccination may not be enough to achieve disease eradication, and limitations on people's movements need to accompany vaccination to preclude COVID‐19 from reaching an endemic state.
Information systems in nurses' work: Technical rationality versus an ethic of care
Authors: Salminen‐Karlsson Minna , Golay Diane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNurses increasingly interact with health information systems (HIS) in their daily work. This article examines how the problems that they confront in that interaction can be understood through the theoretical concepts of technical rationality and an ethic of care. The findings are based on a qualitative study of nurses in one Swedish hospital. They suggest that HIS did not support the holistic care of patients, and were not adapted to the varied and often urgent situations that nurses faced in their daily work, leaving them feeling isolated with their problems. In summary, HIS were found to serve the administrative aims of a hospital organisation, based on technical rationality, rather than supporting patients' needs as seen from an ethics of care perspective. The contribution of the study is to show how the use of these two conceptual tools connects nurses' daily problems with HIS to more fundamental issues about the values upon which healthcare is grounded.
Flexion Tibial Plateau Fractures: 3‐dimensional CT Simulation‐based Subclassification by Injury Pattern
Authors: Hu Yaning , Peng Aqin , Wang Shuai , Pan Shuo , Zhang Xiao 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo identify different injury patterns of flexion tibial plateau fractures (FTPFs) with 3D CT simulation technology. The association between these hypothesized injury patterns and concomitant injuries was also investigated.MethodsThe tibial plateau fracture cases of 297 patients consecutively treated at our trauma center from August 2016 to December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 108 patients with FTPFs were enrolled. 3D CT simulation technology was used to reconstruct the position of the knee joint at the time of tibial plateau fracture. The 3D segments for the tibia and femur were created separately, the tibial 3D segment was aligned with the articular surface of the femoral condyle, and then the corresponding injury patterns were deduced. The magnitudes of translation and rotation incurred after the segments were repositioned were calculated by Mimics software. The associations between the hypothesized injury patterns and concomitant injuries were compared.ResultsFTPFs were classified into two groups according to the fracture region: unicondylar FTPFs (type I) and bicondylar FTPFs (type II). According to the injury patterns simulated in this study, these two types of FTPFs were further subclassified into five subgroups. Type I FTPFs were categorized into two subtypes based on the degree of rotation in the coronal plane (varus < 0°; valgus > 0°): pure flexion‐varus fractures (type IA, −10.23° ± 2.11°, 3.7%, 4/108) and pure flexion‐valgus fractures (type IB, 11.54° ± 2.63°, 26.9%, 29/108). Type II FTPFs were divided into three subgroups based on the degree of rotation in the axial plane (internal rotation >10°; flexion‐neutral −10° to 10°; external rotation <−10°): flexion‐neutral fractures (type IIA, 2.01° ± 3.43°, 13.0%, 14/108), flexion‐internal rotation fractures (type IIB, 23.66° ± 6.17°, 35.2%, 38/108) and flexion‐external rotation fractures (type IIC, −16.23° ± 4.27°, 21.3%, 23/108). The incidence of posterolateral quadrant collapse fractures among type IIB fractures was significantly increased relative to that of type IIC fractures (P < 0.001). The incidence of posterolateral quadrant split fractures, anterolateral quadrant fractures and proximal fibular fractures among type IIC fractures was significantly higher than that among type IIB fractures (P < 0.001). The number of these concomitant injuries significantly differed between type IIB and type IIC fractures (P < 0.001).Conclusion3D CT simulation‐based subclassification according to the pattern of injury can help surgeons better understand FTPFs and select an appropriate treatment strategy.
Fast production of large, time‐calibrated, informal supertrees with tree.merger
Authors: Castiglione Silvia , Serio Carmela , Mondanaro Alessandro , Melchionna Marina , Raia Pasquale 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAssembling informal supertrees inclusive of extinct species is a useful but particularly long and complex procedure. We introduce a new, interactive, piece of software that allows the fast production of large, time‐calibrated informal supertrees, single‐handedly mixing multiple phylogenetic information from different sources. The software, embodied in the tree.merger function available as part of the RRphylo R package, allows the merging of different trees into one or adding individual species to a target phylogeny. Time calibration is implemented automatically within the function according to user‐specified, optional age values that can be provided for nodes and/or tips. We applied tree.merger to two different case‐studies. The first, hypothetical, case study pertains to the tree of odontocete cetaceans. The second case study regards the expansion of the new, higher‐level phylogeny of dinosaurs proposing the sister clade relationship between Ornithoscelida and Sauropodomorpha from c. 50 to a 357 species tree. The two case studies took less than five seconds each to complete, on a regular personal computer.
HY5 inhibits in vitro shoot stem cell niches initiation via directly repressing pluripotency and cytokinin pathways
Authors: Dai Xuehuan , Wang Jing , Wang Lili , Liu Zhenhua , Li Qiang , Cai Yunfei , Li Shuo , Xiang Fengning 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYThe efficiency of plant regeneration from explants is influenced by phytohormones and environmental conditions. Light has a particularly marked effect on in vitro shoot regeneration, and some light signaling factors are involved in shoot regeneration, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), as the key transcription factor of light signaling, was found to inhibit shoot regeneration under a range of light conditions. The heightened shoot regeneration capacity of the hy5‐215 mutant was less marked in the dark than in the light, showing that HY5‐mediated inhibition of shoot regeneration is partly light dependent. The co‐localization of WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3 (CLV3) expressions was found to coincide with the initiation of stem cell niches in root explants during shoot regeneration. HY5 could directly repress CLV3 and WUS expression by binding to their respective promoters. In parallel, HY5 indirectly repressed CLV3 and WUS by binding to the ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 (ARR12) promoter. The resulting dual regulation exerted by HY5 on WUS and CLV3 impeded the initiation of shoot stem cell niches. A HY5‐mediated inhibitory pathway was identified that links cytokinin signaling and the pluripotency pathway during shoot regeneration.
Consensus-based recommendations for optical coherence tomography angiography reporting in uveitis
Authors: Pichi Francesco , Carreño Ester , Pavesio Carlos , Denniston Alastair K , Grewal Dilraj S , Deak Gabor , Khairallah Moncef , Ruiz-Cruz Matilde , de Oliveira Dias Joao Rafael , Adan Alfredo , Burke Tomas , Invernizzi Alessandro , Schlaen Ariel , Tian Meng , Agarwal Aniruddha Kishandutt , Tucker William R , Sen H Nida , Lin Phoebe , Lim Lyndell L , Pepple Kathryn L , Munk Marion R 
Published: February 2022

Background/aimsTo establish a consensus in the nomenclature for reporting optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA findings in uveitis.MethodsThe modified Delphi process consisted of two rounds of electronic questionnaires, followed by a face-to-face meeting conducted virtually. Twenty-one items were included for discussion. The three main areas of discussion were: wide field OCTA (WF-OCTA), nomenclature of OCTA findings and OCTA signal attenuation assessment and measurement. Seventeen specialists in uveitis and retinal imaging were selected by the executive committee to constitute the OCTA nomenclature in Uveitis Delphi Study Group. The study endpoint was defined by the degree of consensus for each question: ‘strong consensus’ was defined as >90% agreement, ‘consensus’ as 85%–90% and ‘near consensus’ as >80% but <85%.ResultsThere was a strong consensus to apply the term ‘wide field’ to OCTA images measuring over 70° of field of view, to use the terms ‘flow deficit’ and ‘non-detectable flow signal’ to describe abnormal OCTA flow signal secondary to slow flow and to vessels displacement respectively, to use the terms ‘loose’ and ‘dense’ to describe the appearance of inflammatory choroidal neovascularisation, and to use the percentage of flow signal decrease to measure OCTA ischaemia with a threshold greater than or equal to 30% as a ‘large area’.ConclusionsThis study sets up consensus recommendations for reporting OCTA findings in uveitis by an expert panel, which may prove suitable for use in routine clinical care and clinical trials.
Development of a core outcome set for lateral elbow tendinopathy (COS-LET) using best available evidence and an international consensus process
Authors: Bateman Marcus , Evans Jonathan P , Vuvan Viana , Jones Val , Watts Adam C , Phadnis Joideep , Bisset Leanne M , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesTo develop a core outcome set for lateral elbow tendinopathy (COS-LET) and to provide guidance for outcome evaluation in future studies.MethodsWe implemented a multi-stage mixed-methods design combining two systematic reviews, domain mapping of outcome measurement instruments to the core domains of tendinopathy, psychometric analysis of instruments, two patient focus groups and a Delphi study incorporating two surveys and an international consensus meeting. Following the OMERACT guidelines, we used a 70% threshold for consensus.Results38 clinicians/researchers and 9 patients participated. 60 instruments were assessed for inclusion. The only instrument that was recommended for the COS-LET was Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) for the disability domain. Interim recommendations were made to use: the PRTEE function subscale for the function domain; PRTEE pain subscale items 1, 4 and 5 for the pain over a specified time domain; pain-free grip strength for the physical function capacity domain; a Numerical Rating Scale measuring pain on gripping for the pain on activity/loading domain; and time off work for the participation in life activities domain. No recommendations could be made for the quality-of-life, patient rating of condition and psychological factors domains.ConclusionsThe COS-LET comprises the PRTEE for the disability domain. Interim-use recommendations included PRTEE subscales, time off work, pain-free grip strength and a Numerical Rating Scale measuring pain on gripping. Further work is required to validate these interim measures and develop suitable measures to capture the other domains.
Study protocol for a population-based observational surveillance study of culture-confirmed neonatal bloodstream infections and meningitis in South Africa: Baby GERMS-SA
Authors: Meiring Susan , Mashau Rudzani , Magobo Rindidzani , Perovic Olga , Quan Vanessa , Cohen Cheryl , de Gouveia Linda , von Gottberg Anne , Mackay Cheryl , Mailula Mphekwa Thomas , Phayane Rose , Dramowski Angela , Govender Nelesh P 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWorldwide, neonatal mortality remains high accounting for 47% of childhood deaths in 2019 and including an estimated 500 000 deaths from neonatal infections. While 42% of global neonatal deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited understanding of population-level burden and aetiology of neonatal infections outside tertiary-level institutions.Methods and analysisWe aim to implement the first population-level surveillance for bloodstream infections and meningitis among neonates aged <28 days in South Africa. Tier 1 will include national surveillance of culture-confirmed neonatal infections at all public-sector hospitals describing infection incidence risk, pathogen profile and antimicrobial susceptibility by institution, province and healthcare level (2014–2021). Tier 2 (nested within tier 1) will be conducted at six regional neonatal units over 12 months, will compare the clinical characteristics of neonates with early-onset and late-onset infections and identify potentially modifiable risk factors for mortality. Through tier 2, we will determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of neonatal pathogens, evaluate the appropriateness of empiric antibiotic prescribing and determine the genomic epidemiology of multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens.Ethics and disseminationEthics clearance was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Witwatersrand (M190320). Funding for the study was obtained through a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1208882). Baby GERMS-SA aims to impact on national policy, resource allocation and neonatal guidelines by describing the national burden of neonatal infections in South Africa. In addition, end-users in neonatal units will benefit from a facility-level dashboard displaying key indicators of the surveillance findings.
Working conditions in primary healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interview study with physicians in Sweden
Authors: Fernemark Hanna , Skagerström Janna , Seing Ida , Hårdstedt Maria , Schildmeijer Kristina , Nilsen Per 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the working conditions of physicians in Swedish primary healthcare.DesignThis is a descriptive, qualitative study with individual semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.SettingSwedish primary healthcare units in both rural and urban areas.ParticipantsA total of 11 primary care physicians fulfilled participation.ResultsTwo main categories emerged: ‘work organisation and routines’ and ‘psychosocial work environment’, containing three and five subcategories, respectively. The pandemic enforced changes in work organisation and routines. Increased flexibility, including more patient-oriented delivery of care, and novel means of interorganisational and intraorganisational interactions were perceived as positive by physicians. The pandemic also caused several changes in physicians’ psychosocial work environment. Increased workload, information overload, as well as ethical considerations and feelings of uncertainty made the work environment stressful for physicians.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic affected the working conditions of physicians in Swedish primary healthcare in numerous ways. The pandemic enforced changes in work organisation and routines for physicians in primary healthcare. Further research is needed to investigate how the pandemic will affect primary healthcare in the longer term. Learning from the pandemic is important because this will not be the last crisis that primary care and its healthcare professionals will face.
Scanning Thermo-Ionic Microscopy: Probing Nanoscale Mechano-Chemical Via Thermal Stress-Induced Oscillation
Authors: Nasr Esfahani Ehsan , Gerwe Brian S , Adler Stuart B. , Li Jiangyu 
Published: February 2022

A universal challenge facing the development of electrochemical materials is our lack of knowledge about physical and chemical processes in the 10-100 nm regime. Expanding this knowledge requires a new generation of functional imaging techniques that can resolve local and fast dynamics in electrochemical materials at the time and length scales relevant to strongly coupled reactions and transport phenomena.
In this work, we introduce scanning thermo-ionic microscopy (STIM), an AFM-based technique for probing local ionic concentration at the nanoscale. STIM utilizes dynamic Vegard strain stimulated by simultaneous hydrostatic stress and temperature excitation, which can be accurately measured through the AFM cantilever deflection. We have applied this technique on a variety of electrochemical materials using both photo-thermal heating (blueDrive™ laser) and resistively heated probes. Temporal dynamics of ionic motion can be captured from point-wise spectroscopic studies, whereas spatial variations in ionic concentration or mobility can be revealed by STIM mappings. Since the ionic oscillations are detected at higher order harmonics, their response can be isolated electromechanical, electrostatic, and capacitive effects making in-operando testing possible. In principle, STIM can provide a powerful tool for probing local electrochemical functionalities at the nanoscale.