bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The End Is Nigh: Failed Prophecy, Apocalypticism, and The Rationalization of Violence in New Religious Eschatologies
Authors: Partridge Christopher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In popular discourse, apocalypticism has been the feature most often associated with new religious movements. In the theologies of many of the prominent new religions, end-time discourse is conspicuous. Several terms are used by scholars to discuss apocalyptic beliefs, notably apocalypticism, millennialism, and millenarianism, all of which overlap, clustering around the same general eschatological focus—the end of the present world. In the study of new religions, the term apocalypticism has tended to refer to catastrophism and, more often than not, to eschatological scenarios which, despairing of a political or religious transformation of the world, look to cataclysmic intervention of a divine, otherworldly, or superhuman kind. This article discusses millenarian adventism and failed prophecy, Jehovah's Witness eschatology, apocalypticism and violence involving Aum Shinrikyo in Japan, and eschatology and violence.
Hell
Authors: Kvanvig Jonathan L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The language of heaven and hell as well as the doctrines associated with this language have their origin in the great monotheistic religions of the Abrahamic tradition—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The doctrines of heaven and hell are doctrines concerning the afterlife. The philosophical issues surrounding these doctrines have much wider significance, however, for every religion promises certain benefits to its adherents, and those benefits require by way of contrast some costs incurred by those who do not receive those benefits. The doctrine of hell has a central place in any serious eschatology, and it is no longer true that this doctrine is one of the ignored aspects of eschatology. This article focuses on the problems arising for the doctrines in the great monotheistic traditions and especially within Christianity, although the issues discussed will arise for any religious tradition. It examines the four separable theses associated with the punishment model: punishment thesis, no-escape thesis, anti-universalism thesis, and eternal existence thesis.
Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Ancient World
Authors: Collins John J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The category of “apocalyptic literature” was invented by the German New Testament scholar Friedrich Lücke in 1832 in the context of an introduction to the Book of Revelation. Lücke identified a small number of Jewish apocalyptic writings (Daniel, 1 Enoch, 4 Ezra, and the Sibylline Oracles) and also discussed some Christian apocalypses such as the Ascension of Isaiah. With the resurgence of interest in biblical theology after World War I, interest in the non-canonical literature subsided. A new wave of interest in this material arose in the 1960s, stimulated in part by the publication of the Dead Sea Scrolls. As yet, there has been relatively little sociological study of ancient apocalypticism, arguably because the data are inadequate. Perhaps the most urgent desideratum, however, is that the progress made in this area be brought to bear on the study of eschatology in the Hebrew Bible and especially in early Christianity. This article discusses apocalyptic eschatology in the ancient world. It considers the origins of apocalypticism, Zoroastrianism and apocalypticism, apocalyptic writings as a development of biblical prophecy, and wisdom and apocalypticism.
The Eschatology of the New Testament Church
Authors: Rowland Christopher 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The term “eschatology” is used to describe the critical nature of human decisions, the fate of the individual believer's soul after death, the termination of this world order and a setting up of another, events like the last judgment and the resurrection of the dead, and a convenient way of referring to future hopes about the coming of God's kingdom on earth, irrespective of whether in fact it involves an ending of the historical process. It is in this last sense that eschatology is being used in this article, as a shorthand way of referring to this future hope and its fulfillment, which was an important feature of many texts from the Second Temple period. This article examines the evidence which indicates the importance of eschatology in the New Testament writings. It also surveys the eschatological elements in the Gospels, the Pauline letters, and the Book of Revelation. The article concludes by assessing the degree to which the failure of early Christianity's eschatological hopes contributed to a change in the pattern of Christian faith and practice.
Eschatology and the Quest for the Historical Jesus
Authors: Viviano Benedict T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article discusses eschatology and the quest for the historical Jesus. It outlines the history of the debates over the exact character of the eschatological hope preached by Jesus and explains the terms “eschatology,” “apocalyptic,” and “kingdom.” The heavenly scene in Daniel 7:13–14 involves a transfer of power from one divine figure (the Ancient of Days) to another (the one like a Son of man). Also, early Jewish and Christian reflection on the kingdom of God and on God's plan of salvation for his people led them to a rough periodization, or theology of history. The modern quest for the historical Jesus, the first quest (1835–1906), began with the remarkable, extensive work by David Friedrich Strauss, The Life of Jesus (1835–1836). The second quest, from roughly 1919 to 1964, is the period of dialectical theology, form criticism, existentialist lives of Jesus, and the Luther renaissance. Beginning at the University of Chicago, the third quest for the historical Jesus began in the last two decades of the twentieth century.
Muslim Eschatology
Authors: Chittick William C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Koran speaks of death, the end of the world, and resurrection more than any other major scripture. The Hadith, or corpus of prophetic sayings, follows suit, as does the tradition in general. The relevant primary literature is vast, and nothing like an adequate survey of important texts has been written. As for the significance of Muslim eschatological teachings, most of the secondary literature seems to agree with Fritz Meier, who writes, “The basic concept of the ultimate origins and the hereafter in Islam... is not characterized by any particular originality, and as a system is no more satisfying than the corresponding Judeo-Christian one.” A good deal of more recent research, however, suggests that the original contributions of Muslim scholarship were just beginning to develop at the point where Meier leaves off, that is, around the time of Ibn Rushd (Averroes), who died in 1198. This article explores the eschatology of Muslims, realms of posthumous becoming, principles of Islamic theology, prophecy, eschatology, the two worlds, the Isthmus, the divine form, the soul, and the origin and return.
Buddhist Eschatology
Authors: Nattier Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIf eschatology is understood to refer to “final things”—that is, the idea that the world will one day come to a definitive end—there is simply no parallel in the Buddhist tradition. This being said, Buddhist sources do refer to what Zwi Werblowsky has aptly termed “relative eschatologies.” On the cosmic level, one can speak of the end of a particular phase of manifestation or non-manifestation of the universe as a whole or, within this larger framework, the end of a specific cycle of devolution or evolution. On the historical level, Buddhist scriptures predict the demise of the Buddhist religion itself, holding that Buddhism—like all causally constructed phenomena—will eventually come to an end. This article deals with Buddhist eschatology, cosmic eschatology, cosmology and modernity, Mahāayāna developments, and the legacy of Śākyamuni Buddha and other Buddhas such as Maitreya.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants with Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Canada
Authors: Shah V , Shah P , Kelly E , Mukerji A , Afifi J , El-Naggar W , Vincer M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Conflicting evidence exists in regards to outcomes of infants with mild IVH [subependymal hemorrhage (SEH) and IVH without ventricular dilatation (VD)] with recent reports suggesting poor outcomes.
OBJECTIVES: To compare 1) neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes of infants &lt; 29 wks GA with normal head ultrasound scan findings (Group 1: no IVH/PVL/VD to those with a) Group 2: SEH or IVH without VD, b) Group 3: IVH with VD (ventricle size &gt; 10 mm) and c) Group 4: persistent intraparenchymal echogenicity (IPE) or lucency with or without IVH and 2) composite outcome of death or ND impairment (NDI)/severe NDI (SNDI) at 18-24 months in these groups.
DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of data from Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN)and Canadian Neonatal Follow-up Network (CNFUN) from April 2010 to September 2011. NDI was defined as any one of Bayley III score &lt; 85 (cognition, language or motor), cerebral palsy (CP) or visual/hearing impairment. SNDI was defined as Bayley III score &lt; 70 for any of the 3 components, CP with GMFCS &gt; 3, severe visual impairment &lt;20/200 or hearing impairment needing aids/cochlear implants. Data for the 4 groups were compared using Chi-squared test or ANOVA as appropriate. Multivariable regression was conducted to obtain adusted OR (95% CI).
RESULTS: See tables on page e51.

CONCLUSION: In this large national cohort, infants with SEH and/or IVH without VD had similar outcomes to infants with no IVH. The risk of death or adverse ND outcome was significantly higher ininfants with IVH with VD and those with IPE.
Is There an App for That? Assessing the Quality and Content of Apps for Asthma Management Available In Canada
Authors: Carwana M , Yang C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in Canada, with highest prevalence in children 5-17 years of age. The use of effective apps for asthma management for children and adolescents may decrease the significant morbidity of this disease. A wide range of apps designed to assist in the home management of asthma are available online. However, there are no published data assessing the quality and content of asthma apps for children and families in Canada.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate apps targeted at children or parents for the active management of asthma based on quality, accuracy of content and presence of advertising.
DESIGN/METHODS: The iOS and Google Play stores were searched using the key terms “asthma”, “reactive airways”, “puffer”, and “wheeze”. Apps that were available in English or French, were interactive, were targeted at children or their families, and addressed the medical management of asthma were included. Apps were examined using a detailed data collection tool to assess usability and content. Quality criteria was based on a published, validated tool. Content was evaluated based on the Canadian Thoracic Society asthma guidelines.
RESULTS: A total of 95 apps were screened, and 11 met the inclusion criteria. Average app quality score was 3.65 (range 2.63 – 4.38) out of 5. One app used 7 out of 7 CTS criteria in assessing asthma control, one used 6, six used 5, and three used 4. 10 out of 11 apps had the capacity to track symptoms, which was linked to level of asthma control based on CTS/CPS criteria. 8 out of 11 apps had the capacity to record medication doses in a journal format and provided daily medication reminders. 6 apps had the capacity to create and save a personalized asthma action plan. All apps used medications available in Canada. The most functional app based on these criteria was asthmamd, followed by AsthmaSense. One app was funded but a pharmaceutical company and had industry logo, but no significant brand bias. No other apps had specific industry advertising. None were specifically designed for use by children or adolescents.
CONCLUSION: 11 relatively high-quality apps are available for asthma management for Canadian families. Of these apps, the ones that best match quality, adherence to CTS guidelines, and lack of marketing/branding are asthmamd and AsthmaSense. There exists a gap to create apps that are specifically targeted at children and adolescents with high functionality for managing asthma.
Relationship Between Kawasaki Disease, Common Infections and Myocardial Profiling
Authors: Le CK , Dionne A , Autmizguine J , Dahdah N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is challenging due to similarities with infections, which often defers clinicians from diagnosing KD and administering intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). However, concurrent infection was reported in 1/3 patients with complete KD. No study has evaluated the prevalence of infection in patients with incomplete clinical criteria.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence and nature of concurrent infections in patients with KD.
DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective study including consecutive patients suspected for KD between 2008 and 2014 in a tertiary pediatric university hospital.
RESULTS: From 134 patients (3.3±2.7 yo), infectious workup was performed for 129 (96%) patients, and positive in 32 (25%). A diagnosis of infection was maintained at discharge in 28/126 (22%) patients, of which 13 (46%) had a positive workup. Infections were diagnosed in a similar proportion of patients with complete and incomplete KD (25% vs 18%, p=0.29). During clinical course, 70 (54%) patients received antibiotics, with treatment failure in 42 (63%). Patients who received antibiotics were more likely to be resistant to IVIG (34% vs 10%, p=0.001), and need steroids (20% vs 3%, p=0.006). Patients with IVIG resistance had a higher rate of coronary artery aneurysm or dilatation (69% vs 45%, p=0.03). Patients with an infectious diagnosis at discharge were less likely to received IVIG (100% vs 89%, p=0.01). NT pro-BNP Z-score, indicating myocardial inflammation, was similar between patients with and without infection (2.3±2.2 vs 2.7±1.6, p=0.37). Coronary artery dilatations (Z-score&gt;2.5) at diagnosis were present in 6/28 (21%) of patients with infection, and 30/98 (31%) of those without infection (p=0.34), which persisted at convalescence in 2/28 (7%) and 9/98 (9%), respectively (p=0.74). Finally, coronary aneurysms were present in 1/28 (4%) of patients with infections, and 17/98 (17%) of those without (p=0.07).
CONCLUSION: KD and infection are not mutually exclusive, including cases with incomplete KD criteria. Recognizing that both can coexist will hopefully ensure timely IVIG treatment for patients.
Dry-Powder Inhaler Delivery of Aerosolized Tobramycin with in Vitro Models of Tracheostomized Paediatric Patients
Authors: Wee W , Tavernini S , Martin A , Amirav I , Majaesic C , Finlay W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tracheostomies are not uncommon in the pediatric population and are necessary in situations such as long-term cardiorespiratory compromise or fixed airway obstructions. Delivery of aerosolized medication allows for directed therapy to the lungs and is an important component of therapeutic management. However there is surprisingly little literature that quantifies delivery of aerosol medication through tracheostomies. During Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections, tobramycin is frequently administered using nebulizers, like the PARI LC Plus (LC Plus), which are known to have drawbacks, most notably the time burden. Dry-powder inhalers, like the TOBI Podhaler (Podhaler), can deliverhigher payloads of medication to the airway and in a shorter time. Currently no data exists that evaluates aerosol delivery of drypower inhalers through tracheostomies.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to investigate and quantify the amount of aerosolized tobramycin delivered to the lungs of in vitro trache-ostomized spontaneously breathing pediatric patient models when using the Podhaler in comparison to the current gold-standard, the LC Plus nebulizer.
DESIGN/METHODS: In vitro tracheostomized models of a 6- and 12-year old trachea were created. Aerosol was delivered to the tracheos-tomy models with the LC Plus and Podhaler, using their respective breathing patterns. Aerosolized medication was captured on a Respirgard II filter placed at the distal end of the trachea (lung filter), the amount was quantified using a colorimetric tobramycin assay and expressed as a percent charge of emitted dose. Drug trapped on the lung filter represented the amount of aerosol delivered to the respiratory tract. Three devices of each type were tested in triplicate to ensure repeatability.
RESULTS: A total of 36 runs (LC Plus: 18, Podhaler: 18) were completed and demonstrated the Podhaler’s consistent outperformance of the LC Plus. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation in percent charge (LC Plus vs. Podhaler); all runs (24.1±3.7 vs. 86.6±8.7), 6-year old model (23.2±2.6 vs. 82.1±9.9) and 12-year old (24.1±4.5 vs. 86.6±4.2). The results were statistically significant (P-values &lt;&lt;&lt; 0.01), based on an unpaired t-tests due to unequal variance.
CONCLUSION: The study’s findings demonstrate that the Podhaler significantly outperformed the LC plus in delivering tobramycin to in vitro pediatric tracheostomized models. These results can be generalized to the tracheostomized adult population, and suggest that tobramycin delivery using the Podhaler is a feasible option and a future clinical study is warranted.
Transition of Children with Medical Complexity To Adult Care: A Survey of Current Canadian Practices
Authors: Chan V , Major-Cook N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Children with medical complexity (CMC), among the most medically fragile and resource-intensive patients, are an ever-growing population. Unique barriers exist for successful transition of CMC to adult care. Transition care specific to CMC has not been previously studied.
OBJECTIVES: To describe transition policy and procedures used by Canadian pediatricians who care for CMC, and whether this is consistent with core elements of transition according to nationalguidelines. To identify pediatricians'; perceived barriers to successful transition of CMC.
DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a 29-item online survey using REDCap of Canadian general pediatricians who provide transition care to CMC. Use of core elements of transition as per Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) and American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) statements, and perceived barriers to transition were measured using 5-point Likert scales. Descriptive analysis was performed using SAS 9.3.
RESULTS: The response rate was 30% (77/). 19% of pediatricians reported feeling satisfied with their success in transitioning CMC to adult care. 51% and 40% have read the CPS and AAP policy statements on transition, respectively. 22% have a specified set of procedures on transition for CMC at their institution. 23% performed assessments for transition readiness. In transition planning for capable CMC, 69% assessed knowledge of own medical condition and 54% assessed preparedness to navigate adult services independently. For CMC with neurocognitive disabilities, 65% discussed capacity and 53% reviewed care directives. 2% felt the legal process regarding capacity was easy to navigate for families, and 52% provided no legal resources to families during transition. 59% did not have existing relationships with adult practitioners willing to take on care coordination of CMC. 86% communicated with receiving adult practitioners upon transfer of care. Pediatricians' major perceived barriers to successful transition are listed in Table 1.

CONCLUSION: Only 1 in 5 Canadian pediatricians working with CMC reported satisfaction with the transition care they provide. Core elements of transition from national guidelines are inconsistently implemented, highlighting the need to develop evidence-based transition policy considering the unique needs and barriers experienced by CMC.
Parental Use of Sun Protection for Their Children – Does Skin Colour Matter?
Authors: Nag S , Tan M , Weinstein M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Excessive sun exposure during childhood years is a known risk factor for skin cancer. Fifty percent of lifetime UV exposure is acquired by age 19, highlighting the potential for prevention strategies in childhood. Existing guidelines from established pediatric, dermatology and cancer prevention societies are general and not specific to any skin phototype.
OBJECTIVES: Our primary objective was to compare the frequency of adequate sun protection used by parents of children with different skin phototypes. Our secondary objective was to explore parental attitudes and beliefs on sun safety for their children.
DESIGN/METHODS: Parents of children between the ages of 6 months to 6 years were systematically recruited. Parents received self-administered questionnaires containing 40-items that examine the amount of sun protection parents used on their children, as well as their attitudes and beliefs about sun safety. Parents were also requested to self-assess their child’s Fitzpatrick Phototype (FP), and based on this response, they were divided into two groups: “lighter-skinned” (FP I-III) and “darker-skinned” (FP IV-VI). Guidelines from the Canadian Dermatology Association (CDA) on sun safety were used to quantify adequate sun protection.
RESULTS: A total of 183 parents completed the questionnaires, and 150 eligible parents (the first 25 of each FP) were included in the study. Overall, only 17% of parents used adequate sun protection for their children. Parents of lighter-skinned children were significantly more likely to use adequate sun protection (OR=17.0). As their child got older, parents were also significantly less likely to use adequate sun protection for them (OR=0.64). A significantly larger portion of parents of lighter-skin children believe that sun exposure was harmful (OR=14.2) and perceived more value in sun protection (OR=14.2), whereas parents of darker-skin children were significantly more likely to believe that darker skin tones provided more sun protection (OR=4.1).
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that parental sun protection efforts were overall low, but especially in parents of darker-skinned children. The identified underlying attitudes and beliefs can aid in the design and delivery of sun protection interventions in the future, to ensure sun safety for all children, especially in a multiracial population.