bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of PGPR isolated from rhizospheric soils of various plant and its effect on growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Agustiyani D , Purwaningsih S , Dewi TK , Nditasari A , Nugroho A A , Sutisna E , Mulyani N , Antonius S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used as biofertilizers for agricultural crops. In addition, screening and selection of effective PGPR for a particular plant is necessary to meet plants specific need and condition. Present study was aimed to obtain PGPR isolates which are effective and compatible for Radish. A total of 15 PGPR isolates had been isolated from various plant roots and in vitro screening was done for different plant growth promotion activities. The result showed that 7 isolates were able to produce IAA at the range of 10.2-125.3 μg ml−1, 10 isolates were positive for phosphate solubilizing, 10 isolates had nitrogen fixing activities, 11 isolates were protease positive, 12 isolates were capable to produce ACC-deaminase enzyme, 7 isolates produced siderophore, 8 isolates produced HCN, and 9 isolates produced ammonia. The effect of 15 PGPR on Radish growth in the green house showed that all isolates had effects on increasing growth and tuber formation compared to control. Nine isolates significantly increased the wet weight shoot plants, the highest effect was reached by Kbm 10.3 isolate (168.5 g), while control only reached 81.5 g. Eight isolates had a significant effect on increasing tuber formation, the highest was Kbm 2.10 isolate (176 g), while control only reached 54.7 g. Kbm 10.3 and Kbm 2.10 isolates seemed to have the highest impact in promoting growth and tuber formation. Those two isolates were analyzed using 16s rDNA sequences, they have close evolutionary relationship with Bacillus megaterium (Kbm 2.10) and Paraburkholderia tropica (Kbm 10.3).
Characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from water in mangrove ecosystem
Authors: Widawati S , Suliasih  , Sugiharto A , Suyadi  , Sudiana I M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mangrove is a unique and dynamic coastal ecosystem that is characterized by high salinity. It creates an ecological niche with varied environmental conditions and microbial communities, including Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria (NFB) and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), which have great potential as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). The study aims to obtain isolates of indigenous bacteria in a varied saline environment of the mangrove ecosystem that has the characteristics to promote plant growth or potential as PGPB. The bacteria were isolated from the mangrove ecosystem, which is the water of brackish zone using specific media with total plate count (TPC) technique. Furthermore, the PGPB characterization was analyzed using nitrogenase, ACC-deaminase, cellulose, salinity, Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), dissolved P, and phosphatase (PME-ase) indicators in triplicate. The results showed that water salinity and pH in the mangrove ecosystem ranged from 1.12 to 1.73 ppt and 6.56 to 7.44, respectively. Furthermore, the bacteria isolated from water in the mangrove ecosystem produced IAA (6 isolates), dissolved P, acid and alkaline PMEase (11 isolates), saline tolerance (33 isolates), cellulose (14 isolates), nitrogenase (18 isolates), and ACC-deaminase (2 isolates) activity. One of the isolates (AZT5.1) identified as Bacillus cereus has potential as PGPB with the value of IAA production (18.61 ppm), 1.1cm P halo zone dissolved, 569.45 ppm dissolved P, 11.2 μg/pnitrofenol g−
1h−1 acid, and 12.85 μg/pnitrofenol g−
1h−1 alkaline PME-ase production, 1.30 cm cellulose halo zone, saline tolerance, nitrogenase, and ACC-deaminase activity. Therefore, the PGPB from this bacterium was the highest compared to other isolates.
Screening of L-asparaginase-producing endophytic bacteria from mangrove Rhizophora mucronata
Authors: Nafisaturrahmah A , Susilowati A , Pangastuti A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
L-asparaginase is an enzyme that converts L-asparagine to L-aspartate and ammonia. L-asparaginase is recommended as medical treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and other malignant cancers. Bacteria are the most effective source of L-asparaginase as they can easily be cultured so that the enzyme can be extracted and purified. The commercial L-asparaginase is now available from bacterial but has many side effects for the patients. Therefore, the alternative source of this enzyme is highly necessary to be explored for a more effective and safer future production of L-asparaginase. For this reason, this study was carried out to investigate the endophytic bacteria producing L-asparaginase from mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. The samples of the mangrove plants, i.e., roots, stems, and leaves, were surface sterilized with alcohol and sodium hypochlorite. Endophytic bacteria were screened for L-asparaginase production using the rapid plate assay on Minimal Salt Medium with L-Asparagine as a substrate. Asparaginase-producing endophytes were detected by a pink zone formation on the agar, indicating the hydrolysis of asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia, which changed the phenol red dye indicator from yellow (acidic conditions) to pink (alkaline conditions). The results revealed that out of the mangroves taken from the seaside, i.e., between sea and land, there were six bacterial colonies from the roots, 12 bacterial colonies from the stems, and 20 bacterial colonies from the leaves, each showing positive L-asparaginase. The isolated bacteria had varied colony morphology and different ability to produce the L-asparaginase enzyme.
Exploration, identification, and in vitro antagonism test of Trichoderma spp. against Ganoderma spp. at PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro palm oil plantation, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Saragih R , Simanjorang M , Angrelina I , Irvanto D , Retnosari E , Murgianto F , Ardianto A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Trichoderma spp. is one of the biocontrol agents that have important benefits for agriculture in Indonesia. Exploration is carried out at PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro Oil Palm Plantations in high yield blocks. This study aims to identify and determine the isolates of Trichoderma spp. and to find out its in vitro antagonism against Ganoderma spp. Morphological identification of Trichoderma spp. carried out using a trinocular microscope. There were six isolates analyzed based on internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) in ribosomal DNA region using PCR technique with ITS 1 and ITS 4. The results of this research showed that Trichoderma spp. original from PT BGA Central Kalimantan has diverse characteristics. Sequencing analysis showed that six isolates were in one group with Trichoderma asperellum isolates T5 (Acc. No. MH809176), IIPR-80 (Acc. No. MK841018) and TV5 (Acc. No. MH393299). Based on the antagonism test, it was found that six isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma spp. with an average percentage value is ≥50%.
Chemical properties of solo black garlic fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Setiyoningrum F , Priadi G , Afiati F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Several research report shown a fermentation could increase or produce a new compound in a material. Research of solo black garlic involved fermentation process of fresh garlic prior to aging process was limited. The aim of this research was to examine chemical properties of solo black garlic fermented in medium containing S. cerevisiae before its aged. The variance result shown that there was an interaction between fermentation and aging time on its antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids and total polyphenol significantly. The treatment of fermentation of fresh solo garlic in medium containing S. cerevisiae for 4 days and continued by aging for 21 days gave the best chemical properties on solo black garlic, with 95.88% of antioxidant capacity, 89.74 mg GAE/g of total flavonoid and 108.92 mg QE/g of total polyphenol. Comparing with control-without fermented by S. cerevisiae, those treatment gave a better chemical properties. Futhermore, profiling by LC-MS-QTOF revealed that several alkaloids, polyphenol and flavonoids compound was founded in those sample. Thatfindings indicate that fermented by S. cerevisiae prior to aging process could be considered for increasing of solo black garlic’s functional properties.
Production of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease: The key for the development of protease inhibitors screening kit in search of potential herb cure for COVID-19
Authors: Haniyya  , Ulfah M , Riswoko A , Mulyawati L , Ernawati T , Helianti I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused millions of deaths and socio-economics damage worldwide. Corresponding to this, many studies on antiviral drugs exploration are rising to investigate the potential of drug compounds that can repress the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by targeting its main protease named 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro). Without 3CLpro splicing, polyproteins of SARS-CoV-2 will not function to form new virions. We conducted an in silico thermodynamic study, and found several already known compounds from natural sources such as lovastatin, quinidine, and quinine were potential in inhibiting 3CLpro. However, most of the findings still need further wet-lab experiments to confirm their activity against it. To facilitate rapid screening of protease inhibitors, we aim to develop a screening kit for researchers with focus studies on herbal sources for COVID-19 treatments. Hence, the development of 3CLpro as the target of inhibition screening is essential. Our current work focused on the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL Pro gene harbored by pET-32b(+) in E. coli BL21(DE3) and its purification. The recombinant E.coli were cultivated in LB media at 37 °C with 5 hours IPTG-induced phase followed by crude protein lysate extraction by sonication, and then Ni-NTA purification. A band of recombinant 3CLpro protein (33.8 kDa) detected by SDS PAGE and Western blotting after Ni-NTA purification was specific and clear, showing the right size of our protein interest. A final concentrated protein mixture obtained by 10-kDa membrane filtration displayed >90% purity with a total protein of 2.497 mg mL−1. Further functional assays and inhibitory tests with several natural compounds showed that 3CLpro functioned well as a drug target.
Extraction methods effect on antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of ‘pasak bumi’ (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) root
Authors: Anwar K , Lutpi A , Melinda A , Hadi S 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPasak bumi (Eurycoma longifoliaJack.) has various benefits, such as the root of E. longifolia is often used as an anti-microbial, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, dysentery and aphrodisiac. The antioxidant activity is closely related to the ability ofE. longifoliaroot to maintain a fit condition. The benefits of the medicinal plants can be felt by the general public after going through both traditional and modern processing processes. One of the modern processing methods is to isolate secondary metabolites in plants or known as extraction. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the roots of extractedE. longifoliausing 96% ethanol solvent with different extraction methods. Extraction was performed by maceration, percolation, reflux, and soxhletation methods. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results shows that the antioxidant activity of E. longifolia extract using various extraction methods in the order soxhletation > reflux > percolation > maceration. From this research, it can be concluded that the percolation can be developed as extraction method ofE. longifoliaroots.
Inhibition of SARS-Cov-2 proteases by medicinal plant bioactive constituents: Molecular docking simulation
Authors: Firdayani  , Riswoko A , Helianti I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that has caused the corona pandemic since 2019 or known as Covid-19. The cleavage of its polyprotein started this viral replication into functional viral proteins by two proteases: 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL protease), also known as main protease (Mpro), and Papain-like protease (PLpro). Medicinal plant bioactive constituents could potentially become protease inhibitor agents of this virus and prevent viral replication. Thus, further might be developed into drug candidates for diseases with no specific drug currently available. The first step of discovering the medicine is virtual screening with a molecular docking simulation approach. The stable conformation structure of the bioactive compounds was docked into the enzymes SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (PDB ID: 6XMK) and SARS-CoV-2 Papain-Like Protease (PDB ID: 7CMD). Molecular docking simulations were operated using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) program after the validation process. In this study, analysis of the docking simulation was carried out of compounds in Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri L., Aloe vera, and Sonchus arvensis. They are medicinal plants that have been used as a medicine for generations and may have potential as antivirals. A docking score with a more negative presentation binding energy value has a more significant potential to be a lead compound. Several potential compounds were evaluated for their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. This method can reduce the trial and error factor in the drug discovery stage, although it needs further proof by experimentation in a wet laboratory.
Study of the effect of microbial addition in seed germination and seedling growth of Cryptocarya densiflora L
Authors: Sugiharto A , Latifah D , Rakhmawati S U , Subowo Y B , Harto  
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Cryptocarya densiflora L belongs to the Lauraceae family that is famous for its utilization of its leaves, stems, roots, and fruit. These species are also widely spread. The hardness of its seed coats inhibits its germination. Various efforts to accelerate the germination process by immersion in water or chemicals have done. However, the application of microbes has never been reported. Naturally, C. densiflora seeds fall to the ground directly in contact with soil microbes that might play a significant role in the germination process. This research aims to reveal the effect of inoculants’ application originated from soil microbes, Aspergillus niger, and natural microbial consortia in germination and growth of seedling C. densiflora. The experiments employed a completely randomized design using two main treatments, the inoculant formula, and the growing media. Inoculant formula factors consist of Formula 1 (A. niger), Formula 2 (microbial consortia), and Control, while the growing media consists of 3 types, A (soil and sand/1:1), B (soil, sand, and compost/1:1:1), and C (sand). All growing media were treated with 2 different treatments, sterilized (S) and non-sterilized (N). The growth stage was observed for 12 weeks after sowing with the following observed parameters: pH of the media at the end of the experiment, the percentage of sprout growth, plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet and dry weight of roots, and shoots. The results showed that the addition of microbial inoculant significantly affected the germination of C. densiflora seeds in all parameters measured, both for media A and B (sterile and non-sterile). Formula 1 gave the best results on all media, especially sterile media with parameters of plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet and dry weight of roots and shoots. The presence of microbes significantly affected germination and C. densiflora seedling growth.
Effect of grain moisture on dehulling of Nymphaea pubescens seed
Authors: Fatimah  , Fitrial Y , Rukmini  , Nugroho A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Grain Nymphaea pubescens has been widely consumed as traditional food such as snack bars and cake in South Kalimantan. The first experiment of this study focused on the difference in moisture content of N. pubescens seed after harvest to prevent seed decay and higher dehulling recovery. Dehulling was performed with a laboratory model seed polisher/dehulling apparatus. Dehulling experiments were carried out on samples exhibiting moisture contents ranging from 10% to 20.6 %. Dehulling of N. pubescens seed was affected by moisture content. The optimum grain moisture for dehulling N. pubescens seed was 10% and 13.2%, respectively, with a higher amount of dehulled seed, resulting in dehulling efficiency of 48.6% and 45.6 %, respectively, and lower levels of powder and broken seed. The dehulling efficiency decreased with an increased moisture content of N. pubescens seed.
Antioxidant activity profile of extract and fraction of kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) fruits prepared by different methods
Authors: Nur S , Aswad M , Yulianti R , Sami F J , Burhan A , Fadri A , Khairi N , Nursamsiar  
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe public widely uses kersen (Muntingia calaburaL) fruit for consumption and treatment because Kersen fruit has various vitamins, minerals, and secondary metabolite compounds that reduce free radicals. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of kersen fruit as an antioxidant agent. In this study, the samples used were ethanol extract (EE), Aqueous ethanol fraction (EF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and n-hexane (HF) fraction from kersen fruit (Muntingia calaburaL). The samples were evaluated by observing the antioxidant activity profile using various methods, i.e., nitric oxide, β-carotene bleaching assay, hydroxyl radicals, and iron chelating. The results of this study showed that the IC50values of EE (31.05 μg/mL), AEF (33.86 μg/mL), FEA (40.48 μg/ml) gave powerful antioxidant activity while HF showed weak results (459 μg/ml). In the nitric oxide method. The hydroxyl radical method with IC50values of 32.06 μg/mL (EE), 38.73 μg/mL (EF), 22.18 μg/mL (EAF) gave very strong activity, and 53.37 μg/mL (HF) with strong activity. The β-carotene bleaching method gave powerful antioxidant activity results with IC50values <50 μg/mL in each sample. The Iron Chelation method showed weak antioxidant activity (IC50> 200 μg/mL) of each sample. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions in kersen fruit has a different activity profile according to the test method used.
Structures, properties and applications of two-dimensional metal nitrides: from nitride MXene to other metal nitrides
Authors: Zheng Fangfang , Xiao Xu , Xie Juan , Zhou Liujiang , Li Youyong , Dong Huilong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) metal nitrides (MNs), including group IIA nitrides, group IIIA nitrides, nitride MXene and other transition metal nitrides (TMNs), exhibit unique electronic and magnetic characteristics. The 2D MNs have been widely studied by experimental and computational approaches and some of them have been synthesized. Herein we systematically reviewed the structural, electronic, thermal, mechanical, magnetic and optical properties of the 2D MNs that have been reported in recent years. Based on their unique properties, the related applications of 2D MNs on fields like electronics, spintronics, sensing, catalysis, and energy storage were discussed. Additionally, the lattice structures and synthetic routes were also summarized as supplements of the research progress of 2D MNs family. Furthermore, we provided insights into the research prospects and future efforts that need to be made on 2D MNs.
Feasibility of applying the lower cut-off frequency for the density radial coverage extension in EAST reflectometry measurement
Authors: HUANG Jia , HAN Xiang , YE Kaixuan , ZHANG Tao , WEN Fei , WU Mingfu , GENG Kangning , LI Gongshun , ZHONG Fubin , LIU Yukai , XIANG Haoming , YANG Shuqi , ZHANG Shoubiao , GAO Xiang , ZHUANG Ge 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The extraordinary mode (X-mode) lower cut-off frequency is proposed for use in the reflectometry diagnostic on ITER for the electron density profile measurement, which is a trade-off between extreme plasma parameters and the accessible probing frequency. In contemporary experiments, the lower cut-off frequency can be identified at the probing frequency below the electron cyclotron frequency (f
ce) under certain plasma conditions. We provide here, for the first time, the experimental validation of the use of the lower cut-off frequency for the density profiles via the reflectometry measurement on EAST. The corresponding group delay of the lower cut-off frequency evolves continuously with the upper one, revealing a reasonable radial coverage extension of reflectometry measurement toward the plasma core. It is concluded that the lower cut-off frequency can be used as a supplement to the upper one in the density profile inversion process, which is of particular interest in the high magnetic field and/or density discharge to extend the radial coverage of reflectometry measurement.
Quantitative analysis of the main components in ceramic raw materials based on the desktop LIBS analyzer
Authors: ZHANG Peng , SUN Lanxiang , YU Haibin , ZENG Peng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3 and TiO2, and loss on ignition (L.O.I.) are the main inorganic components of geological samples. Concentrations of the eight oxides and L.O.I. are also the main indicators of concern in the production of building ceramics. Quantitative analysis of the eight oxides and L.O.I. was performed using fiber-laser-based laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A combination of continuous background deduction, full width at half maximum (FWHM) intensity integral and spectral sum normalization was proposed for data processing. After the data processing combined the continuous background deduction, FWHM intensity integral and spectral sum normalization, the mean absolute errors (MAEs) of the calibration of L.O.I., SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 was reduced from 2.03%, 12.06%, 4.84%, 1.10%, 0.69%, 0.31%, 0.11%, 0.20% and 0.10% to 1.80%, 9.48%, 2.12%, 0.36%, 0.58%, 0.11%, 0.08%, 0.19% and 0.05%, respectively. This multivariate method was further introduced and discussed to improve the analysis performance. The MAEs of L.O.I., SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Na2O were further reduced to 1.12%, 2.07%, 1.38%, 0.35% and 0.43%, respectively. The results show that the overall prediction error can meet the requirements for the production of building ceramics. The LIBS desktop analyzer has great potential in detection applications on geological samples.