bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. global warming position called “smoke and mirrors”
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

“The administration's position on global warming due to greenhouse gases is purely and simply smoke and mirrors,” says Albert Gore (D‐Tenn.) and “is an insult to the intelligence of anyone who looks at it.”Testifying before the House Health and the Environment Subcommittee, the Tennessee Democrat noted that the administration is hiding behind rhetoric by saying that it promises to stabilize greenhouse gases in the year 2000, not by the year 2000. This, Gore said, means that any year after 2000 is not covered, nor is any year between now and 2000, and that the administration will attempt to reduce greenhouse gases for 1 calendar year only, with no long‐term solutions to the problem.
New hydrology bibliography available
Authors: Calder Jan R. 
Published: September 2022

Hydrotitles is the first bibliography to be published specifically covering hydrology and hydrology‐related sciences. With the increasing numbers of journals and publications in this area, Hydrotitles fills a long‐felt need for assistance in guiding the practitioner through the mass of literature to publications that are relevant to his or her needs. The bimonthly publication is published by Geosystems (P.O. Box 40, Didcot, Oxon OX11 9BX, United Kingdom; ISSN 0953‐7589, $150 per year.)Entries are arranged by a subject hierarchy according to Geosaurus, Geosystem's thesaurus of geoscience. The main subject headings are hydrology; hydrogeology; hydraulics; experimental hydrology and hydrometry; numerical hydrology; hydrogeochemistry; water quality, treatment, supply and management; environmental hydrology, water pollution and acid rain; fluvial geomorphology; glaciology; climate change; energy; equipment; computer methods; policy and law; limnology; and engineering. There follows a locational index, a stratigraphical index, a geographical index, and an author index.
Donnellan wins Outstanding Student Paper Award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

For her paper, “Geodetically Determined Zone of Localized Deformation along the Northern Ventura Basin,” Andrea Donnellan, a Ph.D. student at the California Institute of Technology, has received the Geodesy Section's Outstanding Student Paper Award. Donnellan presented her paper at the AGU Fall 1990 Meeting, held December 3'7 in San Francisco.Donnellan's paper presents her interest in the tectonics of Southern California, citing results achieved with the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to study rapid, ongoing deformation in that region's Ventura basin. Donnellan received her bachelor's degree from Ohio State University in 1986. While an undergraduate, she spent three seasons in Antarctica studying the ice streams of West Antarctica.
Underway Doppler current profiles in the Gulf of California
Authors: Badan‐Dangon Antoine , Lavin Miguel F. , Hendershott Myrl C. 
Published: September 2022

The circulation of the Gulf of California has long been of scientific interest. The first hydrographic expedition there was in 1889 [Roden and Groves, 1959], followed half a century later by Sverdrup's cruise on the R/V E.W. Scripps [Suerdrup, 1941] in February and March of 1939. Since then, the Gulfs circulation has been the subject of active research [Alvarez‐Boirego, 1983]. During the 1980s, scientists at CICESE and at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography designed a cooperative effort, the Pichicuco project, to investigate some of the notable physical oceanographic features of the Gulf.The Gulf of California is a marginal sea close to 1500 km long and about 200 km wide, oriented northwest to southeast, between the peninsula of Baja California and western continental Mexico. It consists of a succession of basins that shoal progressively from about 3500 m at the mouth, where the Gulf connects with the Pacific Ocean, to just over 2000 m in the central Guaymas Basin. In contrast, the far northern Gulf is a continental shelf sea whose depth exceeds 200 m only in a few small basins. The Gulf's circulation is profoundly influenced by processes taking place at the narrows that connect Guaymas Basin to the northern Gulf between 28°N and 29°N (see Figure 1). These are a sequence of channels, each about 15 km wide, between San Lorenzo, San Esteban, and Tiburón islands, which reduce the effective cross section of the Gulf to about 2.25×106m2. The westernmost connection, close to Baja California, is the Ballenas‐Salsipuedes (hereafter Ballenas) channel, whose depth exceeds 1600 m in its central part. It is bounded partially to the north by a lateral constriction with a maximum depth of 600 m, near the northern extreme of Angel de la Guarda island, and to the east by a ridge from which rise Angel de la Guarda, San Lorenzo, and other smaller islands. This ridge extends underwater about 20 km to the southeast from San Lorenzo into Guaymas Basin, where it forms the eastern wall of San Lorenzo sill, the southern end of Ballenas channel. A narrow canyon on this sill has a maximum depth of about 430 m. The central San Esteban channel is located between San Lorenzo and San Esteban islands, and is the deepest and widest of the three. It possesses a single, rather broad sill, formed by a westward underwater extension of San Esteban island. The third channel, between San Esteban and Tiburon islands, is narrower than the first two, has a broad sill at about 300 m depth, and connects the extension of the Sonoran shelf with the deeper basin to the north. Little studied before, it now appears to play a significant role in the regional exchange of water. A fourth, narrow channel between Tiburon island and mainland Mexico is too shallow to participate strongly in the circulation.
Ocean surface remote‐sensing program planned
Authors: Herr Frank , Luther Chuck , Marmorino George , Mied Richard , Thompson Don 
Published: September 2022

In order to better understand the physics responsible for radar imaging of oceanographic submesoscale features, the Office of the Chief of Naval Research is sponsoring the High‐Resolution Remote Sensing Program, an accelerated research initiative managed by Frank Herr and Chuck Luther at the Office of Naval Research and Richard Mied at the Naval Research Laboratory. This program includes the disciplines of remote sensing, oceanography, meteorology, and microlayer physics. The approach will be to conduct a field program of simultaneous radar and in‐situ measurements and to conduct theoretical/modeling work to understand the feature generation, variability, and imaging physics.Since the launch of SEASAT in 1978, there has been great interest in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of oceanographic features. For example, SEASAT SAR images clearly showed evidence of internal waves, current boundaries, fronts, eddies, and tidal flow over variable bathymetry (see SEASAT Special Issue I, J. Geophys. Res., 87, C5, 1982). Unfortunately, there was little or no in‐situ data associated with most of these images, so there has been little validation of models that describe the imaging mechanism.
Soviets seek scientific exchange
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

GEOS‐A, associated with the Soviet Union's Institute of Earth Physics, is seeking to promote exchange between Soviet and Western geophysicists. GEOS‐A is a nonprofit, private organization formed by specialists from the U.S.S.R. Academy of Scientists.GEOS‐A aims to promote the transfer of academic research results to industry and education. It also seeks to stimulate international scientific exchange and to support independent nongovernmental programs and expertise in geophysics and ecology. The organization would like to cooperate with Western universities in exchanging students and young scientists and in building scientific relationships between the two countries. This would include inviting students and young specialists for collaborative scientific research, consultations, language practice, and graduate study in any institute of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. Participants would live in rented private apartments in downtown Moscow for approximately one week to several months. All living expenses would be covered at a rate higher than the academy's standard one (unfortunately travel to and from the Soviet Union cannot be covered).
Weather service upgrade too costly?
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

America needs timely and accurate weather forecasting, said Ernest F. Hollings (D‐S.C.), chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on National Ocean Policy. Calling the existing warning and forecast system dangerously obsolete, Hollings said that new technology “should dramatically improve the accuracy and timeliness of weather predictions,” as we face the new challenge of bringing the National Weather Service into the 21st century. Hollings' committee heard testimony to consider the modernization of the NWS and pending legislation (S98, S916) on June 18.Major components of the Weather Service Modernization program, according to John A. Knauss, administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, are the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD), a new generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES‐NEXT), the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), and the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIA). The best defense against severe weather—early warnings—is probably hampered by outdated equipment, he added.
Scripps museum receives NSF grant
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been awarded a $500,000 grant from the National Science Foundation for a 37,000‐square‐foot museum exhibition on ocean sciences entitled “Exploring the Blue Planet.” The exhibition will be installed in the Scripps Hall of Oceanography of the new Stephen Birch Aquarium‐Museum. The facility is under construction at the University of California, San Diego, and is scheduled to open in fall 1992.NSF is providing approximately half of the funds required for “Exploring the Blue Planet,” which is designed to help visitors explore the many fields of oceanography. “This NSF grant will fund interactive exhibits and changing displays featuring the latest Scripps research that will allow children and adults to experience science as an approachable, creative process that can be used to understand the changing world,” said Luther Williams, NSF Assistant Director for Education and Human Resources.
Nonpoint pollution needs monitoring
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

Since passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, great efforts have been made to restore the quality of the nation–s water. However, many of these waters remain heavily polluted said Peter F. Guerrero of the General Accounting Office at a hearing of the House Subcommittee on Environment. Many of the contaminants, he said, have generated increased concern in recent years as health and environmental hazards.Focusing mainly on nonpoint source pollution, groundwater research, water‐quality monitoring, and interagency coordination, the Subcommittee heard testimony on June 5 on Clean Water Act Research and Development and reviewed proposed Clean Water Act research legislation—“Clean Water Act Research Amendments of 1991.”
ACCRETE: A study of continental growth
Authors:   ACCRETE Workshop Steering Committee
Published: September 2022

The recognition of terranes and terrane accretion has fundamentally changed the way we view the development of continental crust. The terrane concept originated from studies of the western Cordillera of North America, where it was demonstrated in the 1970s that microplates had travelled substantial distances before being amalgamated to cratonic North America. Since these early studies, the terrane concept has been widely applied to older orogenic belts, including the Appalachians and most of the Precambrian shields.Despite the acceptance of the terrane concept, a number of fundamental questions remain regarding the process of terrane accretion and its interaction with transform faulting and igneous and metamorphic events. Still not fully understood are: the coupling processes of mantle with deeper crust, and of deeper crust with upper crust; how pieces of continental crust with different histories respond to juxtaposition; the mechanism of the Mono's formation; and the behavior of fluids (melt and aqueous) with the changing stress field during accretion.
U.S.S.R. magnetic anomaly data
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

U.S.S.R. magnetic anomaly data are now available from the National Geophysical Data Center. The data set contains a wealth of information useful to Earth scientists studying global tectonic processes and the deep crustal composition of major continental eratons.In 1974 the Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R. published a mosaic series of 18 sheets at 1:2,500,000 scale showing the residual magnetic intensity over the land mass of the U.S.S.R. The data were compiled by a group of scientists under the leadership of Z.A. Makarova. Much of the source material originated from data collected between 1949–1962, during which time the territory of the U.S.S.R. was surveyed using aerial magnetic survey techniques. These surveys were adjusted based on many methods including secular variation linked to magnetic observations. Anomalies were computed with reference to a normal field map for 1964–1965 constructed from equally accurate total field measurements along control network strips.
Herring receives Macelwane Medal
Authors: Shapiro Irwin , Herring Tom 
Published: September 2022

Tom Herring of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was awarded the James R. Macelwane Award for significant contributions to geophysical sciences on May 29 at the annual Spring Meeting Honors Night in Baltimore, Md. The award is presented to scientists under the age of 35 who possess outstanding ability.The award citation, delivered by Irwin Shapiro, and Herring's response are presented below.
Earthquake funding restored
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

Funding levels for the U.S. Geological Survey's part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program for FY92 have been restored by the House and a Senate subcommittee. The president's budget request for FY92 was only $37.3 million, lower than the $54.5 million authorized by Congress for FY91. Earlier this year the House agreed on restoring $10 million to the program. Some AGU members have been trying to see the full $17.2 million difference restored. It is reported that the Senate will agree to give $15 million to the program.When Congress reconvenes in September the full Senate will vote on the Department of Interior and Related Agencies appropriations bill (HR2686). After that, the bill will go to a joint conference committee, where differences between the House and Senate will be resolved before the bill is passed along to the president.
How fluids affect volcanos
Authors: Forster Craig , Ingebritsen Steve , Christenson Bruce , Heiken Grant , Manning Craig 
Published: September 2022

An interdisciplinary session entitled “Fluid‐Volcano Interactions” was held at the 1990 AGU Fall Meeting to draw together researchers from volcanology, geochemistry, hydrogeology, tectonophysics, and geophysics. Forty‐seven papers were presented during a two‐day poster session followed by an open discussion period.The session provided a forum to discuss how circulating fluids influence the thermal, chemical, mechanical, and hydrologic processes that contribute to the evolution and behavior of volcanos. Papers presented during the poster session covered a broad range of topics, including measurements of heat, fluid, and solute fluxes at volcanos; volcano deformation and internal dynamics; waterrock interaction and the role of magmatic volatiles; structural controls on fluid flow and heat transfer; and approaches for modeling fluid, heat, and solute transport in volcanos. The diversity of topics illustrates the importance of fluid circulation to a wide variety of volcanic processes. It also highlights the difficulty of integrating the observations and theories generated within disparate disciplines into robust models.
Minnesota Geological Survey may close
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

The future of the Minnesota Geological Survey is up in the air until January 1992, when the state legislature reconvenes. On June 4, Governor Arne H. Carlson vetoed a line‐item of the 2‐year University of Minnesota budget that contains funding for the MGS. If funds are not restored by special legislative appropriation and approved by the governor during the spring of 1992, MGS will be abolished effective July 1992.The possibility of closing the survey reflects a financial decision, according to Robert A. Schroeder, assistant to the governor. It is not based on the usefulness of the survey's work. “The governor's objective with his line‐item vetoes was to control overall spending, not to target specific programs,” he said. Since MGS is university‐affiliated, it is funded under Minnesota's Higher Education bill, rather than as a state agency. Because of overspending in 1991, the state has had to cut back funds, and the university is one area hit by budget cuts. The university may still choose to fund the program and has the flexibility to reallocate funds within the system.
Antarctic radiation exposure doubles
Authors: Blue Charles 
Published: September 2022

New data reveal that the Antarctic Peninsula received twice its normal maximum dose of hazardous solar ultraviolet radiation in December 1990. The prolonged persistence of the ozone hole over Antarctica caused an increased exposure of radiation, according to a paper published in the October issue of Geophysical Research Letters.John Frederick and Amy D. Alberts of the University of Chicago calculated the amount of ultraviolet solar spectral radiation from data collected at Palmer Station, Antarctica. During the spring of 1990 the largest observed values for ultraviolet radiation were approximately double the values expected, based on previous years. “The measurements from Palmer Station are consistent with similar data from McMurdo Sound, where a factor of three [ultraviolet radiation] enhancement was recorded, according to work by Knut Stamnes and colleagues at the University of Alaska,” Frederick said. “The radiation levels observed over Palmer Station in December 1990 may be the largest experienced in this region of the world since the development of the Earth's ozone layer,” he added.
Man, water, and global sea level
Authors: Chao B. Fong 
Published: September 2022

I'd like to call attention to an anthropogenic influence on global sea level change. Although far less interesting for geophysicists who study natural processes, the phenomenon in question has made a significant difference, and hence ought to be taken into account in the sea level budget.Observational evidence shows that the global sea level has risen at the rate of 1.6–2 mm/yr for the last several decades [e.g., Trupin and Wahr, 1990; Douglas, 1991]. How much of [the rise] results from natural fluctuation, how much is anthropogenic, and what are the sources and mechanisms of the rise are among the key questions asked in this era of concerns about enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming. Presumably, as the global temperature rises, the sea level will rise for two reasons: thermal expansion (the steric change), and addition of water (the eustatic change). A primary candidate for the source of the latter is melting land ice in the form of polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers. Practically nothing useful is known about the present‐day mass balance of the polar ice [Zwally, 1989; Douglas et al., 1990]. The best estimate for the rate of mountain glacier mass wastage, based on scanty data, amounts to a contribution of 0.46 (±.26) mm/yr of higher sea level between 19007ndash;1961 [Meier, 1984].
International Committee expands structure
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

AGU's Committee on International Participation has recently undergone a restructuring, or “perestroika,” according to International Secretary Juan Roederer. By establishing the new ad hoc Regional Advisory Committees (RACs) and Corresponding Members, AGU will help assure that it is serving its worldwide membership and strengthening its international relations.The CIP, through the new RACs, will identify the needs of geophysicists outside the United States and Canada and add services not currently available and enhance existing services. The International Secretary will then make recommendations to the appropriate AGU program and administrative committees. The CIP may also propose special activities such as the ongoing Berkner Membership Program for developing countries and the Latin America Visiting Scientist Program.
Geophysics News 1991
Authors: Knopman Debra S. 
Published: September 2022

For the second consecutive year, AGU has published Geophysics News, a collection of short articles about new research findings from the past year. The primary target for this publication is science journalists, who can make constructive use of clearly written, accessible stories by spreading them to an even wider audience. The special spin on articles in Geophysics News is that research findings are placed in their proper scientific perspective with relevant policy implications described as well.The full contents of Geophysics News 1991 will be run in Eos over the next several weeks, beginning with this issue. This is being done for two reasons. First, these articles present AGU members with a wonderful opportunity to learn about the “hot news” in research areas outside of their own expertise. And, as examples of science writing for a broad audience, these articles are meant to encourage other AGU members to also make the effort to write about their science for the general public.
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

Many in the space science community are wondering why NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin announced a sudden restructuring of the agency on October 15 (Eos, October 27). The shake‐up saw a split in the Office of Space Science and Applications into the office of Mission to Planetary Earth, which will include all the Earth sciences, and the Office of Planetary Science and Astrophysics.The restructuring, he said, is an attempt to align the agency with the new goals, which he outlined in an address to the Space Science and Applications Advisory Board (SSAAC) on November 5. Claiming that NASA's role has never been stated to the public and that Congress does not understand the agency's role, Goldin sought to clarify future directions for the agency.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

Many in the space science community are wondering why NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin announced a sudden restructuring of the agency on October 15 (Eos, October 27). The shake‐up saw a split in the Office of Space Science and Applications into the office of Mission to Planetary Earth, which will include all the Earth sciences, and the Office of Planetary Science and Astrophysics.The restructuring, he said, is an attempt to align the agency with the new goals, which he outlined in an address to the Space Science and Applications Advisory Board (SSAAC) on November 5. Claiming that NASA's role has never been stated to the public and that Congress does not understand the agency's role, Goldin sought to clarify future directions for the agency.