bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative review protocol for Indigenous youth participation in health equity promotion
Authors: Morton Darrien , Linton Janice , Hatala Andrew R 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionIndigenous youth participation in decision-making is internationally recognised as a pathway to promote health equity, decolonisation and social inclusion. Hearing Indigenous youth voices and actively involving them in decisions that affect their lives and their communities has the potential to address disproportionate health and social challenges they encounter. Yet the existing evidence-base on participatory approaches remains fragmented and vast leading to a lack of integration.Methods and analysisAn integrative review methodology will be used to conduct a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of the literature about Indigenous youth participation in health equity promotion. The literature search is anticipated to be carried out in July–August 2022. We will search online databases Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO along with several interdisciplinary databases indexed in EBSCOhost and ProQuest. Key Indigenous research journals not consistently indexed in the online databases will be examined to identify additional journal articles. We will employ a blinded, dual-reviewer two-step selection process with established inclusion/exclusion criteria and limit data to English-language publications related to Indigenous populations in Canada, USA, Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia. Focusing on qualitative empirical and theoretical studies, they will undergo quality appraisal and Covidence software will be used to manage the review. Data will be sorted, extracted and analysed. We will codify data for descriptive reporting and conduct a narrative synthesis to identify a common conceptualisation for Indigenous youth participatory approaches across disciplines, its barriers and facilitators, and knowledge gaps.Ethics and disseminationEthical review is not required for the integrative review. The review will be shared through various publication and non-academic platforms as well as our university and community research networks. Findings will have broad relevance for those seeking to involve Indigenous youth to be active decision-makers across a range of fields, but with specific implications for health equity.
Understanding the role of sex on outcomes for the cancer patient undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Shaver Amy L , Nikita Nikita , Sharma Swapnil , Lefler Daniel S , Basu-Mallick Atrayee , Johnson Jennifer M , Butryn Meghan L , Lu-Yao Grace 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape for multiple cancer types. Sex plays an important role in both the development of cancer as well as the functioning of the immune system. Though a difference in response to immune therapy is emerging between men and women it is unclear how this difference affects cancer outcomes and what the potential underlying mechanisms are for those effects. The objective of this study is to describe the influence that sex has on the outcomes experienced by cancer patients on ICI therapy and to identify and analyse any knowledge gaps in the field.Method and analysisThe framework for this methodology was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The search and review will be conducted from January 2022 to June 2022. Two independent researchers will screen titles and abstracts followed by full-text screening for manuscript inclusion. Full length studies published between 2010 and December 2021 found in PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus describing the influence of sex differences on cancer outcomes in patients treated with ICIs will be included. After data are extracted it will be summarised for presentation.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The results will be used to inform future studies on the potential differential impacts of ICIs. All data are from published openly accessible sources and therefore no ethical clearance is necessary.
Integrated care for older people based on information and communication technology: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tian Yutong , Zhang Yan , Wang Shanshan , Cheng Qingyun , Meng Lixue 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionIntegrated care is an effective means of coping with the increasingly complex healthcare needs of elderly and alleviating pressure on national pension services. WHO regards integrated care as a method of providing high-quality healthcare and advocates integrated care based on digital technology. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, information and communication technology (ICT) has become a facilitator for the successful implementation of integrated care by providing a platform for information sharing, team communication and resource integration. This scoping review aims to assess internationally published evidence concerning experiences and practice of ICT-based implementation of integrated care for older people.Methods and analysisThe study will follow the research framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley for scoping reviews. We will conduct a systematic search of the literature published from January 2000 to March 2022 via electronic databases, grey literature databases, websites of key organisations and project funding sources, key journals and reference lists included in selected papers, employ the Joanna Briggs Institute Literature Quality Assessment Tool to assess the quality of the included literature and apply thematic analysis to sort and summarise the content of the included studies. This study will begin in March 2022 and will be completed in December 2022.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this scoping review was granted by the Academic Committee of Zhengzhou University (ZZUIRB2021-155). This study will summarise the modes of operation and effects, barriers and facilitators of ICT-based implementation of integrated care for older people. We propose to recruit older people and integrated care service providers in rural primary healthcare centres and use a structured process of concept mapping to consult and discuss the results of our scoping review to construct an integrated care model and service pathway for older adults that is appropriate to the Chinese social context.
Multimodule characterization of immune subgroups in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities
Authors: Lin Jian , Dai Yuting , Sang Chen , Song Guohe , Xiang Bin , Zhang Mao , Dong Liangqing , Xia Xiaoli , Ma Jiaqiang , Shen Xia , Ji Shuyi , Zhang Shu , Wang Mingjie , Fang Hai , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Xiangdong , Zhang Bing , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Zhou Hu , Gao Daming , Gao Qiang 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundImmune microenvironment is well recognized as a critical regulator across cancer types, despite its complex roles in different disease conditions. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is characterized by a tumor-reactive milieu, emphasizing a deep insight into its immunogenomic profile to provide prognostic and therapeutic implications.MethodsWe performed genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic characterization of 255 paired iCCA and adjacent liver tissues. We validated our findings through H&E staining (n=177), multiplex immunostaining (n=188), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) (n=10), in vitro functional studies, and in vivo transposon-based mouse models.ResultsIntegrated multimodule data identified three immune subgroups with distinct clinical, genetic, and molecular features, designated as IG1 (immune-suppressive, 25.1%), IG2 (immune-exclusion, 42.7%), and IG3 (immune-activated, 32.2%). IG1 was characterized by excessive infiltration of neutrophils and immature dendritic cells (DCs). The hallmark of IG2 was the relatively higher tumor-proliferative activity and tumor purity. IG3 exhibited an enrichment of adaptive immune cells, natural killer cells, and activated DCs. These immune subgroups were significantly associated with prognosis and validated in two independent cohorts. Tumors with KRAS mutations were enriched in IG1 and associated with myeloid inflammation-dominated immunosuppression. Although tumor mutation burden was relatively higher in IG2, loss of heterozygosity in human leucocyte antigen and defects in antigen presentation undermined the recognition of neoantigens, contributing to immune-exclusion behavior. Pathological analysis confirmed that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tertiary lymphoid structures were both predominant in IG3. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related samples tended to be under-represented in IG1, and scRNA-seq analyses implied that HBV infection indeed alleviated myeloid inflammation and reinvigorated antitumor immunity.ConclusionsOur study elucidates that the immunogenomic traits of iCCA are intrinsically heterogeneous among patients, posing great challenge and opportunity for the application of personalized immunotherapy.
Addressing leadership communication, parenting demands and mental health challenges: a mixed-methods case study of clinical and translational scientists during COVID-19
Authors: Leonard Chelsea , Connelly Brigid , Kwan Bethany , Albright Karen , Gilmartin Heather 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIn March 2020, academic research centres in Colorado were closed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Scientists and research staff were required to continue their work remotely with little time to prepare for the transition.MethodsThis survey study used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design to explore clinical and translational researcher and staff experiences of the transition to remote work during the first 6 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants indicated the level of interference with their research and shared their experiences of remote work, how they were impacted, how they were adapting and coping, and any short-term or long-term concerns.ResultsMost participants indicated that remote work interfered with their research to a moderate or great degree. Participant stories illuminated the differences of remote work prior to and during COVID-19. They described both challenges and silver linings. Three themes that highlight the challenges of transitioning to remote work during a pandemic were: (1) Leadership communication: ‘Leadership needs to revisit their communication strategy’; (2) Parenting demands: Parents are ‘multitasked to death’ every day and (3) Mental health challenges: The COVID-19 experience is ‘psychologically taxing’.ConclusionsThe study findings can be used to guide leaders in building community, resiliency and support productivity during current and future crises. Potential approaches to address these issues are proposed.
Leadership experiences of elite football team physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study
Authors: Carmody Sean , Brar Gurneet , Massey Andrew , Rosenbloom Craig , Gouttebarge Vincent , Davison Mike 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the leadership experiences of elite football team physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA pilot-study based on a cross-sectional design by means of an electronic survey was conducted. The survey relied on 25 questions divided into distinct sections including among others professional and academic experience, leadership experiences and perspectives.ResultsA total of 57 physicians (91% male; mean age: 43 years) gave their electronic informed consent and completed the survey. All participants agreed that the demands of their role had increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty-two (92%) participants reported that they felt they were expected to take more of a leadership role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen (35%) reported feeling under pressure to make clinical decisions which were not in keeping with best clinical practice. Additional roles, duties and demands expected of team doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic were subdivided into communication, decision-making, logistical, and public health demands.ConclusionThe findings from this pilot study suggest that the way in which team physicians at professional football clubs operate has altered since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with greater demands placed on leadership skills including decision-making, communication and ethical stewardship. This has potential implications for sporting organisations, clinical practice and research.
Review of literature for ethnic minority-led GP practices: impact and experience of CQC regulation
Authors: Stigwood Annabelle , Ashmore Ayisha Adeeba , Maru Devina , Soni Lakshya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground/aimThe Care Quality Commissions’ (CQC) recent report into the impact and experience of CQC regulation for ethnic minority-led general practitioner (GP) practices found that ethnic minority-led practices are disproportionately situated in areas of deprivation, working single-handedly and without adequate systems of support. These challenges are not always accounted for in CQC’s processes or methodology (CQC, 2022).This study summarises a review of literature carried out as part of research by the CQC, which was published in January 2022.MethodsSearch terms included ‘GP’, ‘CQC’, ‘Black and Ethnic Minority GPs’ combined with Boolean operators. Grey literature was reviewed, and searches were undertaken of known authors in the field. Backwards and forwards reference harvesting was performed on identified literature. Limitations included the capacity and subjectivity of the reviewer, as well as the availability of studies with a focus on ethnic minority GPs as opposed to doctors whose place of primary medical qualification was outside of the UK.Results20 evidence sources were identified and included. The literature review found that many ethnic minority-led GP practices are in complex cycle of inequality, which starts with recruitment and thereafter followed by deprivation, isolation, poor funding and low morale. The symptom of these factors is often poor regulatory outcomes and ratings. When these poor ratings are received, GP providers often struggle to recruit, which serves to perpetuate the cycle of inequality.ConclusionWhen CQC rates an ethnic minority-led practice as requires improvement or inadequate, this can perpetuate a cycle of inequality.
Biological treatment usage in patients with HIV and rheumatic disease, 2003–2021: long-term safety and follow-up
Authors: Naovarat Benjamin Sornrung , Salazar Gloria , Ishimori Mariko , Williams Francis M , Reveille John D 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThis study examined the safety and efficacy of biological agents, especially tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, for HIV-positive rheumatology patients refractory to standard therapy.MethodsThis study is a retrospective case series including patients derived from a community HIV clinic as well as from two academic centres. Initial visit data collected included: sociodemographic characteristics, CD4 counts, HIV viral load and medication use. Patients with persistent disease activity despite standard conservative therapy were begun on biological agents.The main outcomes were patient and physician global assessment of treatment response and medication side effects in patients with rheumatological disorders treated with biological medications over time.ResultsSeventeen patients were seen from 2003 to 2021, including eight from our previous cohort published in 2008 and nine seen since then, five of whom taking TNF blockers for more than 10 years. Three (17.7%) had rheumatoid arthritis, five (29.4%) psoriatic arthritis, four (23.5%) axial spondyloarthritis and the rest (29.4%) peripheral spondyloarthritis. Antiretroviral therapy had been used in 15. All but one had at least a partial response to biological therapy. There were no major infectious episodes necessitating the discontinuation of medications with only one patient discontinuing treatment due to rising HIV viral load. Patients not on antiretroviral therapy reported no adverse side effects from biological therapy. Four patients were switched to ustekinumab, secukinumab, tocilizumab or upadacitinib from anti-TNF therapy without complications.ConclusionsThese data suggest that biological therapy, especially anti-TNF agents are safe and well tolerated in HIV positive individuals even over several years.
Return Measures as a Link Between Financial Statements
Authors: Collins Andrew M. 
Published: July 2022

SynopsisThe research problemI examine whether and how presenting a return measure (e.g., return on assets) on the face of the income statement influences non-professional investors’ judgments of a company as a potential investment.MotivationAccounting research suggests investors focus on bottom-line earnings to the exclusion of other financial information. To evaluate a firm’s economic performance, valuation models suggest investors should assess not only income, but also the resources employed by the firm to generate the income. Value is created when companies earn a sufficient return on resources employed in the business. Therefore, positive and/or growing accounting earnings do not necessarily indicate a firm is performing well. Return measures, such as return on assets, are ways to measure a company’s return on its economic resources.The test hypothesesH1: Reporting a return measure on the face of the income statement affects nonprofessional investors’ perceptions of investment attractiveness, and it does so by priming investors to evaluate the return on resources that the company earns.H2: Reporting a return measure on the face of the income statement affects nonprofessional investors’ perceptions of balance sheet relevance and acquisition of balance sheet information.Target populationStandard setters, financial statement preparers, and accounting researchers.Adopted methodologyIn an experiment, participants viewed an abbreviated annual report of a hypothetical company and provided judgments about the firm as a potential investment. I manipulated whether a return measure was reported on the income statement. I also manipulated the level of return; while net income and earnings per share were the same in all conditions, I manipulated balance sheet amounts such that return on assets was relatively high or low.AnalysesAnalyses included analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and conditional process analysis. Dependent measures included participants’ judgments about the company as a potential investment, perceived efficiency and effectiveness of the company’s management, perceived relevance of balance sheet information, and recall of financial statement information.FindingsResults supported my first prediction — reporting a return measure on the income statement affected non-professional investors’ perceptions of the company as a potential investment; further, these judgments were driven by perceptions of managerial efficiency and effectiveness in earning a return on the company’s resources. Results did not support my second prediction that reporting a return measure on the face of the income statement influences non-professional investors’ perception of balance sheet relevance or affects acquisition of balance sheet information.
Effect of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Anesthesia on Prognosis of Elderly Patients with Gastrointestinal Tumor Surgery
Authors: Guo Lijia , Liu Yufei , Wang Meitan 
Published: July 2022

It was to investigate the influence of perioperative dexmedetomidine (DEX) anesthesia on the prognosis of elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumor (GIT) surgery. 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for GIT were included. They were randomly divided into the experimental group (45 cases) with DEX+general anesthesia, and the control group (45 cases) with epidural anesthesia+general anesthesia. The indicators after surgery were compared between the two groups. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was

74.8
±
3.5

mmHg and the heart rate (HR) was

52.7
±
8.2

beats/min-1 in the experimental group, significantly lower than those of the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores of both groups decreased greatly associated to those before surgery (

P
<
0.05

). The levels of cortisol (COR) and immune adhesion inhibitor (FEIR) in the experimental group were significantly dissimilar from those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was

96.4
±
21.8

ng/L in the experimental group, observably lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The postoperative diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate (D-lac) were

62.4
±
9.3

μmol/mL and

33.8
±
7.2

ng/L, respectively, in the experimental group, much lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). There were also significant differences in the initial recovery of bowel sounds, defecation, and total length of hospital stay (LOHS) between the groups (

P
<
0.05

). DEX anesthesia had ideal sedative and analgesic effects, improving the prognosis of patients during surgery, and shortening the LOHS. Thus, it deserved a clinical application value.
PLCβ2 Promotes VEGF-Induced Vascular Permeability
Authors: Phoenix Kathryn N. , Yue Zhichao , Yue Lixia , Cronin Chunxia G. , Liang Bruce T. , Hoeppner Luke H. , Claffey Kevin P. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Regulation of vascular permeability is critical to maintaining tissue metabolic homeostasis. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is a key stimulus of vascular permeability in acute and chronic diseases including ischemia reperfusion injury, sepsis, and cancer. Identification of novel regulators of vascular permeability would allow for the development of effective targeted therapeutics for patients with unmet medical need.

Methods:
In vitro and in vivo models of VEGFA-induced vascular permeability, pathological permeability, quantitation of intracellular calcium release and cell entry, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels were evaluated with and without modulation of PLC (phospholipase C) β2.

Results:

Global knock-out of
PLCβ2
in mice resulted in blockade of VEGFA-induced vascular permeability in vivo and transendothelial permeability in primary lung endothelial cells. Further work in an immortalized human microvascular cell line modulated with stable knockdown of PLCβ2 recapitulated the observations in the mouse model and primary cell assays. Additionally, loss of PLCβ2 limited both intracellular release and extracellular entry of calcium following VEGF stimulation as well as reduced basal and VEGFA-stimulated levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate compared to control cells. Finally, loss of PLCβ2 in both a hyperoxia-induced lung permeability model and a cardiac ischemia:reperfusion model resulted in improved animal outcomes when compared with wild-type controls.

Conclusions:
The results implicate PLCβ2 as a key positive regulator of VEGF-induced vascular permeability through regulation of both calcium flux and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate levels at the cellular level. Targeting of PLCβ2 in a therapeutic setting may provide a novel approach to regulating vascular permeability in patients.