bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of isolated diastolic hypertension and the risk of cardiovascular mortality among adults aged 40 years and older in northeast China: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yue Ling , Chen Hongyun , Sun Qun , Shi Lei , Sun Jixu , Li Guangxiao , Xing Liying , Liu Shuang 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesLittle is known about the prevalence and impact of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) in northeast China. We aimed to investigate the current epidemiology of IDH and to illustrate whether IDH accounted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingA population-based study carried out in northeast China.ParticipantsWe built a community-based study of 18 796 residents aged ≥40 years who were living in northeast China with blood pressure measurements between September 2017 and March 2019.Outcome measuresInformation on CVD death was obtained from baseline until 31 July 2021. IDH was defined as a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg together with systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg among hypertensive population.ResultsThe overall prevalence of IDH was 3.9%, which decreased significantly with advancing age (p<0.001) and ranged from 7.2% (95% CI: 6.3% to 8.2%) among participants 40–49 years to 1.5% (95% CI: 1.1% to 2.0%) among participants ≥70 years. Moreover, the IDH prevalence was higher in men than in women (5.2% vs 3.1%, p<0.001). The awareness and treatment rates of IDH were 25.7% and 17.7%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of patients with non-IDH (50.1% and 21.7%, p=0.009, respectively). During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 314 subjects died due to CVD (rate 4.84/1000 person-years). IDH and non-IDH were both significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD death (HR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.35 to 4.82; HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.81 to 3.38) when compared with participants with non-hypertension.ConclusionsIDH was mainly prevalent among young and middle-aged populations, and the awareness and treatment rates in IDH were lower than those in non-IDH hypertension. Additionally, IDH and non-IDH were significantly related to an increased risk of CVD mortality. Early management of IDH is urgently required in northeast China.
Parents’ perspective on COVID-19 vaccine in children 6 months through 4 years: a cross-sectional study from Northwest Wisconsin
Authors: Mangat Chetna , Rich Jennifer , Sanghavi Devang , Schmidt Rebecca , Milosavljevic Natasa , Linh Tran , Bansal Pankaj 
Published: September 2022

Vaccination is critical to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, but despite the availability of safe and effective vaccine in children over 5 years, vaccination rates remain low. There is paucity of data about vaccine acceptance and factors influencing parents’ hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccine for young children.Aims and objectivesTo estimate vaccine acceptance by parents of children 6 months through 4 years, and to evaluate the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy.MethodsElectronic survey was sent to parents of children 6 months through 4 years through an online portal account at Mayo Clinic Health System, Northwest-Wisconsin. Data were captured via Research Electronic Data Capture secured data collection software. Bivariate and multivariate regression was used to determine most pertinent factors influencing parents’ decisions against the outcome, ‘Intent to Vaccinate’.Results39.7% of the parents were ‘very likely’ or ‘somewhat likely’ to vaccinate their children once the vaccine became available, while 49.8% were not likely or highly unlikely to vaccinate. Routine childhood vaccination, receiving seasonal influenza vaccine, parents' perception of COVID-19 severity in children and safety and effectiveness of the vaccine were all associated with more vaccine acceptance. 71.4% of parents who will likely not vaccinate their children indicated that they are unlikely to change their decision. The need for more research on the vaccine and more information from the PCP office were the most common reasons behind the vaccine decision-making.ConclusionsVaccine hesitancy remains a major issue regarding uptake of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccine. Strong and clear evidence-based recommendations from primary care provider and more information from trusted websites such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can decrease vaccine hesitancy in parents. Further research targeted at understanding beliefs and perspectives of parents from different demographics can assist policy-makers in implementing measures to improve vaccination rates in children and tailor our dialogue to match the needs of our patients and families.
Overcoming 1 part in $$10^9$$ of earth angular rotation rate measurement with the G Wettzell data
Authors: Di Virgilio A. D. V. , Terreni G. , Basti A. , Beverini N. , Carelli G. , Ciampini D. , Fuso F. , Maccioni E. , Marsili P. , Kodet J. , Schreiber K. U. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe absolute measurement of the Earth angular rotation rate with ground-based instruments becomes challenging if the 1 part in $$10^9$$

10
9

of precision has to be obtained. This threshold is important for fundamental physics and for geodesy, to investigate effects of General Relativity and Lorentz violation in the gravity sector and to provide the fast variation of the Earth rotation rate. High sensitivity Ring Laser Gyroscopes (RLG) are currently the only promising technique to achieve this task in the near future, but their precision has been so far limited by systematics related to the laser operation. In this paper we analyze two different sets of observations, each of them three days long. They were obtained from the G ring laser at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell. The applied method has been developed for the GINGERINO ring laser in order to identify and extract the laser systematics. For the available data sets the residuals show mostly white noise behavior and the Allan deviation drops below 1 part in $$10^9$$

10
9

after an integration time of about $$10^4$$

10
4

s.
Within-population song evolution in white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)
Authors: Chartier Sara L. , Ramsay Scott M. , Otter Ken A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultural evolution of birdsong occurs when songs change over generations and such changes can spread directionally or via drift within populations. We describe the emergence and directional spread of a novel song variant within a population of White-throated Sparrows in central British Columbia, Canada. Birds in this population have been singing a doublet-ending song since the early 2000s. In 2015, we detected a novel variant, consisting of a doublet-ending song with a distinctive amplitude modulation in the first note (Modulated-Doublet). We banded and recorded birds from 2015 to 2020 and classified songs using both audio and spectrographic analysis. The proportion of birds singing the Modulated-Doublet increased, replacing the Unmodulated-Doublet over time. Additionally, the modulation became more pronounced, both across the population and within individual birds, over successive years. The rapid spread suggests there may be several transmission biases driving the adoption of this novel song over the older established variant.
White-edged cowards: high-pitched treefrogs will be attacked by those with orange legs
Authors: Rebouças Raoni 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anurans are one of the most diverse groups of animals, with single and multi-modal communication forms commonly used to settle disputes over territory and to attract females. Thus, I aimed to evaluate if male white-edged treefrogs tend to attack smaller individuals and which morphometric factor is related to it. Advertisement calls of this species were recorded and used in a four-choice experiment with the emission of artificially designed calls. I evaluated which speaker individuals approached and if morphometric variables could predict it. I observed that individuals approached significantly more often towards the high-pitched call than other treatments, and the frequency to do so was predicted by the extension of orange colour in their legs. These results indicate that smaller individuals are actively excluded from calling sites.
Manufacturing of prestressed glass fiber reinforced polymer rebars and effect of fiber pretension on durability of rebars after conditioning in alkaline solution
Authors: Mohamed Mahmoud , Ning Haibin , Pillay Selvum 
Published: September 2022

Applying specific amount of fiber pretension during the manufacturing process of the composite rebars would potentially enhance their performance and durability. In this study, five sets of lab-scale prestressed glass fiber/vinyl-ester composite rebars were fabricated. Each set was manufactured using unique amount of fiber pretension. A set of unprestressed composite rebar was prepared as well. The effect of fiber pretension on the microstructure, tensile properties and long-term durability of rebars was investigated. In addition, the performance of the prestressed composite rebars was compared to composite rebars currently available in the market. An improvement in fiber alignment and a reduction in void content were observed within the pretensioned rebars. The composite rebars fabricated with pretension of 30 MPa showed the maximum increase in tensile properties. The guaranteed tensile strength and average tensile modulus were improved by 7.5% and 2.6%, respectively, compared to the unprestressed counterpart. The prestressed rebars showed relatively less surface degradation and lower moisture absorption after conditioning in alkaline solution at 60°C for 90 days. After conditioning, the tensile properties of the prestressed composite rebars showed superiority over the unprestressed rebar. Comparing to composite rebars available in the market, the prestressed composite rebars prepared in this study showed high performance in both short-term and long-term use.
Heads, Seekers, Psychonauts, and One-Timers: Patterns in Stories of Psychedelic Consumption
Authors: Brooks Dollar Cindy 
Published: September 2022

Psychedelics are psychoactive substances that alter ordinary states of consciousness. The U.S. criminalized ingestion of these drugs approximately 60 years ago and use remains punishable by law. Prior to this time, the substances were differentially declared spiritual sacraments, medicines, and/or party drugs. (Auto)Ethnographies and other research often indicate psychedelic-induced experiences as remarkably personal, necessitating subjective interpretation. Empirical studies exploring patterns across psychedelic encounters are rare, but among the few that exist, users tend to be identified as either pursuing psycho-spiritual enlightenment or self-indulgent amusement. The present paper utilizes narratives collected through 37 in-depth interviews with adults from diverse social backgrounds who report a history of psychedelic consumption in non-clinical settings. The data suggest a potential 4-part categorization based on five factors: named forms of psychedelic substances used, reported frequency of psychedelic ingestions, stated reasons for consumption and desistance, self-imposed rules surrounding use, and descriptions of drug effects and experiences.
The Effect of Emergency Nurses’ Psychological Resilience on Their Thanatophobic Behaviors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kartal Mert , Kapikiran Gurkan , Karakas Nese 
Published: September 2022

Purpose This study analyzed the effect of emergency nurses’ psychological resilience on their thanatophobic behaviors. Methods The research was conducted with 156 emergency nurses. In the data collection process, the Socio-Demographic Information Form, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Thanatophobia Scale were used. Results It was found that emergency nurses had medium-level psychological resilience and high-level thanatophobia. Besides, it was discerned that there was a moderate negative relationship between psychological resilience and thanatophobia (r:−.643, p: 0.000). Lastly, as per the simple linear regression analysis, it was identified that the predictor variable of psychological resilience accounted for 40.9% of the variance in the predicted variable of thanatophobia ( R2:.409, p: 0.000). Practice Implications Emergency nurses, who are faced with many negative situations, need to have a high level of psychological resilience in order to get out of the mental state brought by negative conditions as soon as possible, and it is recommended to carry out applications to increase psychological resilience.
Reliabilities of the Two-Point Discrimination Test and the Two-Point Estimation Test for Use in the Lumbar Spine Area in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Jakub Koterba , Oskar Saulicz , Mariola Saulicz , Damian Sikora , Edward Saulicz 
Published: September 2022

Two-point discrimination (TPD) testing and two-point estimation (TPE) methods are often used to determine tactile acuity, but their reliability is uncertain. Our aim in this study was to assess the reliability of TPD and TPE measurements in the same lumbar spine region of healthy young adults. Participants were 37 young adults (16 females and 21 males; age range: 20–27 years – M age = 21.65, SD = 1.9), who received two tests (TPD and TPE) to determine their tactile acuity. The tests were performed in the lumbar spine area, at the level of the L3 segment, bilaterally, with a 10-minute interval between the measurements. The first test session assessed the reliability of measurements performed by two examiners (inter-rater reliability); and, after 7 days, another examiner repeated the measurements (intra-rater reliability). The reliability of both tests was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and results revealed high intra-rater, and inter-rater repeatability for immediate administration of TPD and TPE tests (i.e, after 10 minutes) and moderate repeatability when they were performed at a 7-day interval. Thus, we confirmed high reliability of TPD and TPE assessments of tactile acuity repeated at a short time interval and moderate reliability after 7 days. There was slightly higher reliability for the TPE method.
Transgender and Nonbinary Youths’ Experiences With Gender-Based and Race-Based School Harassment
Authors: Zongrone Adrian D. , Truong Nhan L. , Clark Caitlin M. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) students commonly experience identity-based harassment, which is associated with poorer mental health, and TNB students of color may experience harassment targeting gender, race/ethnicity, and other identities. Applying an intersectional lens to minority stress theory suggests that different forms of identity-based harassment that target different identities are interconnected. However, few studies address intersecting forms of bias experienced by TNB students of color. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the interplay of racism and transphobia among TNB students by comparing experiences of racist and transphobic harassment across seven racial/ethnic groups and examining the effects of these forms of identity-based harassment on the mental health of TNB students of color. Participants: Participants were drawn from a large national sample of LGBTQ students who were enrolled in secondary school during the 2018–2019 school year. The study sample consists of all those who were TNB ( N = 6,795). The majority of the sample identified as transgender (68.7%), and just under a third identified as nonbinary, but not as transgender (31.3%). The majority were White (71.3%), and approximately a third identified as gay or lesbian (33.7%). Research Design: This quantitative study employed a multivariate analysis of covariance to examine differences in frequency of racist and transphobic harassment across racial/ethnic groups. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the main effects of harassment, as well as interaction effects between these forms of harassment, on depression and self-esteem among TNB students of color. Results: Frequencies of race-based harassment were generally similar for all students of color groups and lowest for White TNB students. Frequencies of gender-based harassment were relatively higher for Native American TNB students and lower for Black and Asian American/Pacific Islander TNB students. Among TNB students of color, each form of harassment was associated with greater depression and lower self-esteem. We did not observe a significant interaction between these forms of harassment. Conclusions: Despite some differences between groups, many TNB students of color experience both racist and transphobic harassment. Experiencing both of these forms of harassment is associated with poorer mental health outcomes than experiencing one. School professionals must consider these multiple forms of bias in supporting their students at school.
Work and Family Balance in Chilean Young People’s Life Plans
Authors: Gómez-Urrutia Verónica , Figueroa Andrés Jiménez , Díaz Nicole , Valladares Fernanda 
Published: September 2022

The distribution of paid work and family responsibilities along gender lines is an important source of gender inequality, even in younger generations. Young people declare to embrace egalitarian work-family conciliation ideals, but, in practice, women still assume the bulk of domestic and carework. This study advances work-family research by shedding light on the institutional and contextual factors that influence young people’s decisions in this domain. Method The study uses a qualitative approach; 75 individuals aged 18–30 were interviewed using semi-structured and structured (vignettes) open-ended questions. Theoretical sampling was used, using sex and educational level as the main criteria. Thematic coding was used to analyze the material. Results Young people favor egalitarian work-family arrangements as ideals; however, the constraints imposed by institutional contexts and unequal employment opportunities make individuals more likely to prefer traditional arrangements when faced with decisions about how they expect to make employment and caring responsibilities compatible.
DASH diet vs. DASH diet plus physical activity in older patients with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: L. P. de Oliveira Vanessa , de Freitas Mauren M. , P. de Paula Tatiana , Gubert Mayara L. , Miller Maria E. P. , Schuchmann Renata A. , Souza Karen L. A. , Viana Luciana V. 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims To evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification by adopting a DASH diet, with and without physical activity guidance, on blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, weight, and body composition in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. Methods and Results For this randomized clinical trial, we recruited patients aged 60 years or older with T2DM and uncontrolled hypertension. One group (DASH) received only DASH dietary guidance, while the other group (DASHPED) received dietary guidance and encouragement to walk with a pedometer. Outcomes of interest were (1) blood pressure, (2) physical activity, (3) weight, body mass index (BMI), and body composition, and (4) biochemical variables. Measurements were taken at baseline and 16 weeks after the intervention. We included 35 patients in the analysis. At the end of the study, the DASHPED group had an mean increase in physical activity of 1721 steps/day. Both groups displayed significantly reduced weight, BMI, and waking diastolic pressures on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after the intervention. A trend of reduced sleeping diastolic pressure was found in the DASHPED group. Changes in weight, BMI, muscle mass, body fat, waist-hip ratio, glycemic control, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity did not differ between the groups. Conclusion There was no difference in outcomes between the group that only dieted and the group that also performed increased physical activity, despite a significant increase in exercise. This reinforces the importance of dietary changes in immediate blood pressure control.
Bureaucracy and burden: An Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis of social welfare policy with consequences for carers of people with life-limiting illness
Authors: Bindley Kristin , Lewis Joanne , Travaglia Joanne , DiGiacomo Michelle 
Published: September 2022

Background: For informal carers of people with life-limiting illness, social welfare policy related to income support and housing has been associated with varied psychosocial issues, yet remains relatively under-explored. An intersectional approach offers potential to illuminate diverse experiences and implications. Aim: To explore the way in which caring in the context of life-limiting illness is framed within welfare policy, to articulate inequities encountered by carers, and to identify policy and practice recommendations. Design: The Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) Framework was used to situate findings of a broader qualitative study. Setting/participants: Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with participants who were bereaved carers ( n = 12), welfare workers ( n = 14) and palliative care workers ( n = 7), between November 2018 and April 2020, in an Australian region associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. Five elements of IBPA were applied to the products of analysis of this data. Results: Use of the IBPA Framework revealed that representations of carers and causes of their welfare needs in policy were underpinned by several assumptions; including that caring and grieving periods are temporary or brief, and that carers have adequate capacity to navigate complex systems. Policy and processes had differentiated consequences for carers, with those occupying certain social locations prone to accumulating disadvantage. Conclusions: This intersectional analysis establishes critical exploration of the framing and consequences of welfare policy for carers of people with life-limiting illness, presented in a novel conceptual model. Implications relate to intersectoral development of structural competency, responsiveness to structurally vulnerable carers in clinical practice, and needed policy changes.