bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds of black cumin (BARI‐1cumin) methanolic extract
Authors: Ansary Johura , Regolo Lucia , Machì Michele , Salinari Alessia , Cianciosi Danila 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the phenolic contents, chemical composition, mineral amount as well as antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from dried black cumin (Nigella sativa L; family: Ranunculaceae) seed powder. We also performed an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process to understand the effect on phenolic components and their antioxidant activity after gastrointestinal digestion. Black cumin showed high amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, such as dihydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid, through high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Six mineral elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Se, and Zn) were determined by using coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while 25 fatty acids (13 saturated, 7 unsaturated, and 5 unsaturated omega fatty acids) were also identified by gas chromatography, with linoleic acid the most present. In addition, black cumin extract presented high antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC. Additionally, dried black cumin powder was evaluated after gastrointestinal digestion: phenolic compounds (1.81‐fold), flavonoids (1.03‐fold), and antioxidant capacity (up to 2.1‐fold) increased in gastric fraction compared to the undigested methanolic extract. Moreover, a higher amount (p < 0.05) of total phenolic content and flavonoids, as well as higher total antioxidant capacity, were found in the gastric and elimination fraction than in the bioaccessible fraction. Our results demonstrated that there were a significant decrease in the quantity of phenolic compounds (68%) and flavonoids (95.53%) after gastrointestinal digestion in the bioaccessible fraction as well as a reduced the antioxidant activity (10.79%–94.84%), suggesting that phenolic compounds are responsible for antioxidant activity.
Edible insects: A novel nutritious, functional, and safe food alternative
Authors: Giampieri Francesca , Alvarez‐Suarez José M. , Machì Michele , Cianciosi Danila , Navarro‐Hortal Maria D. , Battino Maurizio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn a world where 1 billion people suffer from hunger, lands and seas are overexploited and production systems are unsustainable, and there is an urgent need to find alternative foods. In this context, insects represent a good source of macro‐ and micronutrients and even bioactive compounds that could contribute to reducing nutritional deficiency and preventing some human diseases. However, some aspects related to their consumption, including health risks, need to be clarified. This communication aims to summarize the nutritional/phytochemical profile of common edible insects and the main safety concerns, highlighting the possible strategies to promote entomophagy in a more conscious way.
Development of myelinating glia: An overview
Authors: Cristobal Carlo D. , Lee Hyun Kyoung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMyelin is essential to nervous system function, playing roles in saltatory conduction and trophic support. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) and Schwann cells (SCs) form myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems respectively and follow different developmental paths. OLs are neural stem‐cell derived and follow an intrinsic developmental program resulting in a largely irreversible differentiation state. During embryonic development, OL precursor cells (OPCs) are produced in distinct waves originating from different locations in the central nervous system, with a subset developing into myelinating OLs. OPCs remain evenly distributed throughout life, providing a population of responsive, multifunctional cells with the capacity to remyelinate after injury. SCs derive from the neural crest, are highly dependent on extrinsic signals, and have plastic differentiation states. SC precursors (SCPs) are produced in early embryonic nerve structures and differentiate into multipotent immature SCs (iSCs), which initiate radial sorting and differentiate into myelinating and non‐myelinating SCs. Differentiated SCs retain the capacity to radically change phenotypes in response to external signals, including becoming repair SCs, which drive peripheral regeneration. While several transcription factors and myelin components are common between OLs and SCs, their differentiation mechanisms are highly distinct, owing to their unique lineages and their respective environments. In addition, both OLs and SCs respond to neuronal activity and regulate nervous system output in reciprocal manners, possibly through different pathways. Here, we outline their basic developmental programs, mechanisms regulating their differentiation, and recent advances in the field.
Hydrosilylation for the synthesis of sequence‐controlled periodic copolymers
Authors: Luh Tien‐Yau , Cheng Yen‐Ju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed addition of bis‐silyl hydride to bis‐alkyne is widely used for the synthesis of alt‐silylene‐divinyl‐linker copolymer. When the linker for connecting two silyl hydrides is different from that for two alkyne motifs, hydrosilylation reaction will give the corresponding AB‐type copolymer. The reactivity of alkynes can be manipulated by using different protective groups. This kind of strategy would enable us to assemble a range of linkers in regioregular manner or sequence‐controlled tactic. In this account, we summarize our synthetic endeavors on the use of rhodium‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction to incorporate different kinds and/or numbers of chromophores arranged regioselectively on the polymeric backbone. The photophysical properties such as those arising from the ground state interactions, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, photoinduced electron transfer, light‐harvesting, or a combination thereof have been systematically examined. These data may offer useful clues on the folding behavior of these silicon‐containing polymers.
Stress among dental students transitioning from remote learning to clinical training during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Garcia Patricia Petromilli Nordi Sasso , de Souza Ferreira Franciele , Pazos Júlia Margato 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify dental students’ perceptions of stress over returning to in‐person clinical training after remote learning required from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsThis was a qualitative observational study. The sample was composed of undergraduate students (n = 47) in the final year of São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Araraquara program. The data were collected using a questionnaire created in Google Forms. The data was analyzed using the discourse of the collective subject technique.ResultsMore than half of the students (63.8%) reported experiencing stress in the transition from remote learning to clinical training. According to the students, the main causes of this stress were fear of COVID‐19 infection or contamination (31.5%) and insecurity in their clinical treatment skills after having gone so long without training (25.5%). Half of the students surveyed (51.1%) exhibited at least one stress‐related symptom. For most of the students (70.2%), remote learning was insufficient to prepare them for returning to in‐person clinical activities. Performing laboratory pre‐clinical activities prior to clinical training was the suggestion most frequently cited by the students (25.5%), as a way to avoid some of the stress associated with their return to in‐person learning. The main coping strategies adopted by the students upon their return to in‐person learning were making the most of their clinical training, planning cases, and studying relevant topics before treating patients (48.9%).ConclusionThe dental students perceived high levels of stress during the transition from remote learning to clinical training.
Evaluating a general pediatric/adult genetic counseling clinic in a Midwest medical center
Authors: King Charlie , Nielsen Shelly , Schmanski Andrew , Abdul‐Rahman Omar , Fishler Kristen P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 2018, the Munroe‐Meyer Institute for Genetics & Rehabilitation (MMI) at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) in Omaha, NE created a genetic counseling clinic (GCC) to increase access to genetics services and decrease the time spent between a referral and being seen in a general genetics outpatient clinic. In the GCC, genetic counselors led patient encounters and geneticists served as advisors, rather than primary providers. We conducted a chart review of 109 patients seen in the GCC from November 1, 2018, to March 16, 2020, and obtained information regarding patient demographics, indications, and clinical recommendations as a result of the visit. Most patients seen in this clinic were female (65.1%) and aged 19 years of age or older (54.1%). The primary indications for patients in this clinic included review genetic test results (42.2%), coordination of genetic testing for a known familial variant (30.2%), and concerns for personal or family history suspicious of a genetic condition without dysmorphic features (24.8%). The average patient wait time between referral date and appointment date in the GCC was 49.8 days. The two most common clinical recommendations made by genetic counselors in the GCC were genetic testing (56.1%) and/or follow‐up with specialist (26.5%). These specialists primarily included endocrinology (n = 5), neurology (n = 4), cardiology (n = 4), ophthalmology (n = 3), and audiology (n = 3). We found that the GCC model may be appropriate for patients with (1) genetic test results requiring interpretation, (2) a known familial variant or (3) genetic testing recommended by a specialist physician. Descriptions of the indications and recommendations for patients seen in this GCC provide a framework for potential implementation of a GCC in other regions across the nation.
Dissolved organic phosphorus molecular weight fractionation and apparent bioavailability quantified via coupled sequential ultrafiltration and enzyme hydrolysis
Authors: Hull Danielle K. , Ruttenberg Kathleen C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAquatic organisms utilize dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) when phosphate levels are insufficient to satisfy their P‐demand. Its critical role in supporting primary production has motivated efforts to characterize DOP composition and gain insight into its bioavailability. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P‐NMR) spectroscopy, the principal tool currently used by aquatic geochemists to identify compositional aspects of the bulk marine DOP pool, has provided limited compositional detail beyond the immediate P‐bonding environment, and does not provide quantitative information on potential bioavailability of DOP. As a result, the DOP pool remains poorly characterized, limiting predictive power relative to DOP bioavailability. We have developed a sequential ultrafiltration (SUF) method to segregate the DOP pool into four distinct molecular weight ranges. The concentrated molecular weight fractions are then incubated with phosphohydrolytic enzymes to determine the potential bioavailability of monoester‐ and diester‐bound P. DOP molecular weight segregation was verified using commercially available DOP compounds of known molecular weight as analogues for naturally occurring DOP. We have applied the SUF method to surface water samples from a nearshore transect in Kāne'ohe Bay, Hawai'i, and surface waters from oligotrophic Station ALOHA (Hawai'i Ocean Time Series). Results of these field tests indicate that the coupled SUF‐bioavailability method reveals greater compositional complexity of the marine DOP pool than has been resolved by 31P‐NMR studies. Notably, the SUF‐bioavailability method does not require expensive, technically complicated instrumentation (e.g., 31P‐NMR), and thus is readily accessible to researchers wishing to probe marine DOP composition who do not have access to or expertise in 31P‐NMR.
Spatial Dimension Determined Stability of Hierarchical Structures in A(BC)2B Multiblock Copolymers
Authors: Yin Mengchen , Xu Yuci 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe effect of spatial dimension on the stability of hierarchical nanostructures with different mid‐thin layer k in A(BC)2B multi‐block copolymer are studied using self‐consistent field theory. For the 1D hierarchical lamellae (HL), larger χBC and smaller χAB favor the HL with less k. However, hierarchical cylinders (HC) with more mid‐thin layers are stable at larger χBC. A scaling theory based on the analysis of the single‐chain B/C interfacial energy suggests that the 2D HC phase with more k has a lower single‐chain interfacial energy due to the effect of spatial dimension. Furthermore, the 3D hierarchical gyroid (HG) phase shows the universal behavior based on the scaling analysis; larger χBC leads to the stability of HG with more mid‐thin layers.
Application of 1,1‐ADEQUATE and DFT to correct13C misassignments of carbonyl chemical shifts for carbapenem antibiotics
Authors: Cohen Ryan D. , Wang Xiao , Sherer Edward C. , Martin Gary E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrior to the development of sensitive proton‐detected 2D NMR experiments, assigning13C signals could be a significant challenge, and mistakes have occurred even for prominent compound classes. In this study, 1,1‐ADEQUATE data were used to unambiguously reassign the13C chemical shifts for the β‐lactam carbonyl at the C‐7 position and the proximal carboxylate at the C‐10 position of the carbapenems, meropenem and imipenem. Density functional theory (DFT) was then investigated to provide sufficiently accurate13C chemical shift predictions, allowing for the carbonyl signal reassignment of thienamycin.
Nutrition for precision health: The time is now
Authors: Qi Lu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecision nutrition has emerged as a boiling area of nutrition research, with a particular focus on revealing the individual variability in response to diets that is determined mainly by the complex interactions of dietary factors with the multi‐tiered “omics” makeups. Reproducible findings from the observational studies and diet intervention trials have lent preliminary but consistent evidence to support the fundamental role of gene–diet interactions in determining the individual variability in health outcomes including obesity and weight loss. Recent investigations suggest that the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiome may also modify the dietary effects; however, considerable instability in the results from the microbiome research has been noted. In addition, growing studies suggest that a complicated multiomics algorithm would be developed by incorporating the genome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome, and microbiome in predicting the individual variability in response to diets. Moreover, precision nutrition would also scrutinize the role of biological (circadian) rhythm in determining the individual variability of dietary effects. The evidence gathered from precision nutrition research will be the basis for constructing precision health dietary recommendations, which hold great promise to help individuals and their health care providers create precise and effective diet plans for precision health in the future.
Maternal free fatty acid concentration during pregnancy is associated with newborn hypothalamic microstructure in humans
Authors: Rasmussen Jerod M. , Thompson Paul M. , Gyllenhammer Lauren E. , Lindsay Karen L. , O'Connor Thomas G. , Koletzko Berthold , Entringer Sonja , Wadhwa Pathik D. , Buss Claudia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study tested the hypothesis, in a prospective cohort study design, that maternal saturated free fatty acid (sFFA) concentration during pregnancy is prospectively associated with offspring (newborn) hypothalamic (HTH) microstructure and to explore the functional relevance of this association with respect to early‐childhood body fat percentage (BF%).MethodsIn N = 94 healthy newborns (born mean 39.3 [SD 1.5] weeks gestation), diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed shortly after birth (25.3 [12.5] postnatal days), and a subgroup (n = 37) underwent a dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan in early childhood (4.7 [SD 0.7] years). Maternal sFFA concentration during pregnancy was quantified in fasting blood samples via liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Infant HTH microstructural integrity was characterized using mean diffusivity (MD). Multiple linear regression was used to test the association between maternal sFFA and HTH MD, accounting for newborn sex, age at scan, mean white matter MD, and image quality. Multiple linear regression models also tested the association between HTH MD and early‐childhood BF%, accounting for breastfeeding status.ResultsMaternal sFFA during pregnancy accounted for 8.3% of the variation in newborn HTH MD (β‐std = 0.25; p = 0.006). Furthermore, newborn HTH MD prospectively accounted for 15% of the variation in early‐childhood BF% (β‐std = 0.32; p = 0.019).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that maternal overnutrition during pregnancy may influence the development of the fetal hypothalamus, which, in turn, may have clinical relevance for childhood obesity risk.
Enhancing healthcare professional‐led sexual support in cancer care: Acceptability and usability of an eLearning resource and its impact on attitudes towards providing sexual support
Authors: Bingham Sharon Linsey , Semple Cherith Jane , Flannagan Carrie , Dunwoody Lynn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveBarriers to healthcare professional (HP) (HP)‐led sexual support in cancer care include lack of knowledge, skills and evidence‐based educational interventions, to equip HPs to address sexual challenges faced by patients and partners. Consequently, sexual support is often avoided. This study examined HPs' acceptability and usability of the Maximising Sexual Wellbeing: Cancer Care (MSW|CC) eLearning resource for HPs and evaluated its impact on HPs' sexual attitudes and beliefs to providing sexual support in cancer care.MethodsHPs (n = 87) completed pre and post‐test surveys using the modified 12‐item Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (SABS). Post‐test, participants rated acceptability and usability of the MSW|CC, with optional free‐text comments. A repeated measures t‐test assessed changes in HPs' scores on the SABS. Descriptive statistics and reporting of free text comments were used to explore HPs' perspectives of the MSW|CC.ResultsSABS scores increased significantly from Time 1 (M = 35.1, SD = 4.8) to Time 2 (M = 40.1, SD = 4.3), t (86) = −10.2, p < 0.001 (two‐tailed) with a medium effect size (d = 0.55); indicating a decrease in HPs' attitudinal barriers to providing sexual support. The MSW|CC was deemed acceptable, user‐friendly and easy to navigate. Healthcare professionals would recommend the use of this eLearning resource to others (3.78/4, SD = 0.5), considered it a good informational resource (3.78/4, SD = 0.5) and straightforward to use (3.8/4, SD 0.42).Discussion/ConclusionThe MSW|CC reduced HPs' attitudinal barriers towards the provision of HP‐led sexual support in cancer care, whilst being acceptable and useable. The MSW|CC could support implementation of global clinical guidelines advocating for HP‐led sexual support across the treatment trajectory.
Analysis of electrochemical and liver microsomal transformation products of lasalocid by LC/HRMS
Authors: Knoche Lisa , Lisec Jan , Koch Matthias 
Published: July 2022

RationaleLasalocid (LAS), an ionophore, is used in cattle and poultry farming as feed additive for its antibiotic and growth‐promoting properties. Literature on transformation products (TP) resulting from LAS degradation is limited. So far, only hydroxylation is found to occur as the metabolic reaction during the LAS degradation. To investigate potential TPs of LAS, we used electrochemistry (EC) and liver microsome (LM) assays to synthesize TPs, which were identified using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS).MethodsElectrochemically produced TPs were analyzed online by direct coupling of the electrochemical cell to the electrospray ionization (ESI) source of a Sciex Triple‐TOF high resolution mass spectrometer. Then, EC‐treated LAS solution was collected and analyzed offline using LC/HRMS to confirm stable TPs and improve their annotation with a chemical structure due to informative MS/MS spectra. In a complementary approach, TPs formed by rat and human microsomal incubation were investigated using LC/HRMS. The resulting data were used to investigate LAS modification reactions and elucidate the chemical structure of obtained TPs.ResultsThe online measurements identified a broad variety of TPs, resulting from modification reactions like (de‐)hydrogenation, hydration, methylation, oxidation as well as adduct formation with methanol. We consistently observed different ion complexations of LAS and LAS‐TPs (Na+; 2Na+ K+; NaNH4+; KNH4+). Two stable methylated EC‐TPs were found, structurally annotated, and assigned to a likely modification reaction. Using LM incubation, seven TPs were formed, mostly by oxidation/hydroxylation. After the identification of LM‐TPs as Na+‐complexes, we identified LM‐TPs as K+‐complexes.ConclusionWe identified and characterized TPs of LAS using EC‐ and LM‐based methods. Moreover, we found different ion complexes of LAS‐based TPs. This knowledge, especially the different ion complexes, may help elucidate the metabolic and environmental degradation pathways of LAS.
Molecular regulation of hypoxia through the lenses of noncoding RNAs and epitranscriptome
Authors: Islam Safirul , Mukherjee Chandrama 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCells maintain homeostasis in response to environmental stress through specific cell stress responses. Hypoxic stress, well known to be associated with diverse solid tumors, is one of the main reasons for cancer‐related mortality. Although cells can balance themselves well during hypoxic stress, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The enhanced appreciation of diverse roles played by noncoding transcriptome and epigenome in recent years has brought to light the involvement of noncoding RNAs and epigenetic modifiers in hypoxic regulation. The emergence of techniques like deep sequencing has facilitated the identification of large numbers of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially regulated in various cancers. Similarly, proteomic studies have identified diverse epigenetic modifiers such as HATs, HDACs, DNMTs, polycomb groups of proteins, and their possible roles in the regulation of hypoxia. The crosstalk between lncRNAs and epigenetic modifiers play a pivotal role in hypoxia‐induced cancer initiation and progression. Besides the lncRNAs, several other noncoding RNAs like circular RNAs, miRNAs, and so forth are also expressed during hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia has a profound effect on the expression of noncoding RNAs and epigenetic modifiers. Conversely, noncoding RNAs/epigenetic modifies can regulate the hypoxia signaling axis by modulating the stability of the hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). The focus of this review is to illustrate the molecular orchestration underlying hypoxia biology, especially in cancers, which can help in identifying promising therapeutic targets in hypoxia‐induced cancers.This article is categorized under:
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry