bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phloretin inhibits glucose transport and reduces inflammation in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Hytti Maria , Ruuth Johanna , Kanerva Iiris , Bhattarai Niina , Pedersen Maria L. , Nielsen Carsten U. , Kauppinen Anu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring age-related macular degeneration (AMD), chronic inflammatory processes, possibly fueled by high glucose levels, cause a breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), leading to vision loss. Phloretin, a natural dihydroxychalcone found in apples, targets several anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and effectively inhibits transporter-mediated glucose uptake. It could potentially prevent inflammation and cell death of RPE cells through either direct regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways or through amelioration of high glucose levels. To test this hypothesis, ARPE-19 cells were incubated with or without phloretin for 1 h before exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. Glucose uptake was studied using isotope uptake studies. The nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined alongside the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Phloretin pretreatment reduced the LPS-induced release of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as VEGF. Phloretin increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. It also inhibited glucose uptake into ARPE-19 cells and the phosphorylation of Jun-activated kinase (JNK). Subsequent studies revealed that Nrf2, but not the inhibition of glucose uptake or JNK phosphorylation, was the main pathway of phloretin’s anti-inflammatory activities. Phloretin was robustly anti-inflammatory in RPE cells and reduced IL-8 secretion via activation of Nrf2 but the evaluation of its potential in the treatment or prevention of AMD requires further studies.
Understanding as explaining: how motives can become causes
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe distinction of „understanding“ and „explaining“, formulated by Karl Jaspers in his „General Psychopathology“, has had a lasting effect on psychiatry. As a result, phenomenological, hermeneutic, or psychodynamic approaches have often been accorded only descriptive or epiphenomenal status, while the actual causes of mental illness have been sought in neurobiologically or genetically based explanations. In contrast, this paper defends the explanatory role of understanding and phenomenological approaches. To this end, two levels of explanation are distinguished and shown to be equally justified in principle, namely, motivational explanation at the macro-level and physical explanation at the micro-level. The actual causal role of motivational, i.e., understandable connections is then demonstrated by means of a conception of circular causality, which includes downward causality. Finally, the explanatory role of phenomenological analyses is also shown in psychotic disorders that refuse motivational understanding, using the example of schizophrenic delusion.
Improving misrepresentations amid unwavering misrepresenters
Authors: Jönsson Martin L. , Bergman Jakob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recruitment, promotion, admission, and other forms of wealth and power apportion, an evaluator typically ranks a set of candidates in terms of their competence. If the evaluator is prejudiced, the resulting ranking will misrepresent the candidates’ actual rankings. This constitutes not only a moral and a practical problem, but also an epistemological one, which begs the question of what we should do—epistemologically—to mitigate it. In a recent paper, Jönsson and Sjödahl in [Episteme 14(4):499–517, 2017], argue that the epistemic problem can be fruitfully addressed by way of a novel statistical method that changes the products of biased behaviour, i.e. the rankings themselves, rather than the biased persons. Jönsson and Sjödahl’s pioneering proposal is a both a welcome addition to the literature on implicit bias, due the problems with existing implicit bias interventions [see e.g. Lai et al. in J Exp Psychol Gen 143:1765–1785; J Exp Psychol Gen 145(8):1001–1016, 2014; 2016; Forscher et al. in J Person Soc Psychol 117(3):522–559, 2019] but also to the literature on prejudice more generally, where many proposed prejudice-reduction strategies enjoy less than adequate empirical support [Paluck and Green in Ann Rev Psychol 60(1):339–367, 2009]. Their proposal, however, needs supplementation in two ways: the circumstances that must hold in order for it to work needs to be refined, and their claim that it works as intended in these circumstances needs to be validated. We argue that four of Jönsson and Sjödahl’s method’s presumed presuppositions can be weakened, but needs to be supplemented by two additional assumptions, overlooked by Jönsson and Sjödahl. Moreover, we demonstrate that the method does work as intended by way of a statistical simulation.
What kinds of groups are group agents?
Authors: Lewis-Martin Jimmy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor a group to be an agent, it must be individuated from its environment and other systems. It must, in other words, be an individual. Despite the central importance of individuality for understanding group agency, the concept has been significantly overlooked. I propose to fill this gap in our understanding of group individuality by arguing that agents are autonomous as it is commonly understood in the enactive literature. According to this autonomous individuation account, an autonomous system is one wherein the constituent processes of the system actively produce and sustain that self-same system, which will run down or fail if any of these constituent processes cease. This definition of autonomy provides us with a precise and operational account of the individuality of group agents. I will then compare this account to those of Carol Rovane and Raimo Tuomela to argue that it offers the best explanation of what kinds of groups are group agents.
Glyphosate-induced liver and kidney dysfunction, oxidative stress, immunosuppression in Nile tilapia, but ginger showed a protection role
Authors: Abdelmagid Afaf D. , Said Alshaimaa M. , Abd El-Gawad Eman A. , Shalaby Sara A. , Dawood Mahmoud A. O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe water-borne herbicides are involved in the toxicity of aquatic animals resulting in impaired health status and low productivity. Dietary medicinal herbs present a practical solution to relieve the impacts of herbicides toxicity on the performances of aquatic animals. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of commercial glyphosate-induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, liver and kidney dysfunction, and the protective role of ginger or ginger nanoparticles in Nile tilapia. Fish were allocated into four groups: the first group presented the control without glyphosate toxicity and ginger feeding, the second group intoxicated with glyphosate at 0.6 mg/L and fed ginger free diet, the third group intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger at 2.5 g/kg, and the fourth group intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles at 2.5 g/kg. Fish were kept under the experimental conditions for four weeks, and the samples of blood and tissues were collected after 2 and 4 weeks. Markedly, fish exposed to glyphosate showed the highest ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and malondialdehyde levels (MDA) in gills and tissues. While fish in the control and fish intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles had the lowest ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and MDA levels after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Fish fed dietary ginger had lower ALT and AST activities, glucose and cortisol levels, and MDA levels than the glyphosate intoxicated group after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Interestingly, fish-fed ginger nanoparticles showed lower urea and creatinine levels and higher total protein, albumin, and globulin than the glyphosate intoxicated group (P < 0.05) and similar to the control (P> 0.05). Further, fish intoxicated with glyphosate and fed ginger nanoparticles had the highest GSH, lysozyme activity, and immunoglobulin levels after 2 and 4 weeks (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ginger nanoparticles are superior to the standard ginger form in enhancing the antioxidative and immune responses of Nile tilapia exposed to glyphosate.
Integrating Energy-Optimizing Scheduling of Moldable Streaming Tasks with Design Space Exploration for Multiple Core Types on Configurable Platforms
Authors: Keller Jörg , Litzinger Sebastian , Kessler Christoph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesign space exploration of a configurable, heterogeneous system for a given application with required throughput searches for a combination of cores or softcores with different architectures that can be accommodated within the given ASIC or FPGA area and that achieves the required throughput and optimizes power consumption. For a soft real-time streaming application, modeled as a task graph with internally parallelizable streaming tasks, this requires assigning a core type and quantity and DVFS frequency level to each task, which implies task runtime and energy consumption, and mapping and scheduling the tasks, such that the throughput requirement is met. We tightly integrate such static scheduling for stream processing applications with design space exploration of the best heterogeneous core combination, and solve the resulting combined optimization problem by an integer linear program (ILP). We evaluate our solution for different numbers of core types on synthetic and application-based task graphs, and demonstrate improvements of up to 34.8% for ARM big and LITTLE cores, and 70.5% for 3 different core types.
Head-to-Head Comparison of [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46-PET/CT and [18F]F-FDG-PET/CT for Radiotherapy Planning in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wegen Simone , van Heek Lutz , Linde Philipp , Claus Karina , Akuamoa-Boateng Dennis , Baues Christian , Sharma Shachi Jenny , Schomäcker Klaus , Fischer Thomas , Roth Katrin Sabine , Klußmann Jens Peter , Marnitz Simone , Drzezga Alexander , Kobe Carsten 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In head and neck cancers (HNCs), fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment. Preliminary evidence suggests that detection and staging is feasible with positron emission tomography (PET/CT) imaging using [68 Ga]-radiolabeled inhibitors of FAP ([68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46) in HNCs. This study aims to compare [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT and [18F]-fluorodeoxy-d-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) PET/CT with a focus on improved target volume definition and radiotherapy planning in patients with HNC referred for chemoradiation.

Methods
A total of 15 patients with HNCs received both [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT with a thermoplastic mask, in addition to initial tumor staging by conventional imaging with contrast-enhanced CT and/or MRI. Mean intervals between FAPI/FDG and FAPI/conventional imaging were 4 ± 20 and 17 ± 18 days, respectively. Location and number of suspicious lesions revealed by the different procedures were recorded. Subsequently, expert-generated gross tumor volumes (GTVs) based on conventional imaging were compared to those based on [18F]F-FDG and [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT to measure the impact on subsequent radiation planning.

Results
All patients had focal FAPI uptake above background in tumor lesions. Compared to FDG, tumor uptake (median SUVmax 10.2 vs. 7.3, p = 0.008) and tumor-to-background ratios were significantly higher with FAPI than with FDG (SUVmean liver: 9.3 vs. 3.2, p < 0.001; SUVmean bloodpool: 6.9 vs. 4.0, p < 0.001). A total of 49 lesions were recorded. Of these, 40 (82%) were FDG+ and 41 (84%) were FAP+. There were 5 (10%) FAP+/FDG− lesions and 4 (8%) FAP−/FDG+ lesions. Volumetrically, a significant difference was found between the GTVs (median 57.9 ml in the FAPI-GTV, 42.5 ml in the FDG-GTV, compared to 39.2 ml in the conventional-GTV). Disease stage identified by FAPI PET/CT was mostly concordant with FDG PET/CT. Compared to conventional imaging, five patients (33%) were upstaged following imaging with FAPI and FDG PET/CT.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 -PET/CT is useful for detecting tumor lesions in patients with HNCs. There is now a need for prospective randomized studies to confirm the role of [68 Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT in relation to [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in HNCs and to evaluate its impact on clinical outcome.
Ten Years of Change in Bariatric/Metabolic Surgery in the Asia–Pacific Region with COVID-19 Pandemic: IFSO-APC National Reports 2021
Authors: Ohta Masayuki , Ahn Soo Min , Seki Yosuke , Yang Wah , Wong Simon Kin-Hung , Udomsawaengsup Suthep , Hamdorf Jeffrey M. , Khaitan Manish , Kosai Nik Ritza , Wang Weu , Lee June , Rudiman Reno , Wijeratne Thejana , Oliveros Edward , Wang Cunchuan , Kasama Kazunori 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
On November 25, 2021, the IFSO-Asia–Pacific Chapter (IFSO-APC) Virtual Meeting 2021 was held online, and the representatives from the Asia–Pacific region presented 10 years of change in bariatric/metabolic surgery and the influence of COVID-19 in the special session of “IFSO-APC National Reports 2010–2020”. We herein report the summarized data.

Methods
National bariatric/metabolic surgery data, which included the data of 2010 and 2020, were collected from the representatives using a questionnaire that consisted of 10 general questions. At the congress, the data were calculated and summarized.

Results
Thirteen of the 14 national societies responded to the survey. From 2010 to recent years, the populations of individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and individuals with diabetes both significantly increased. Eight countries and regions expanded the lower limit of criteria for bariatric surgery by 2–5 kg/m2 (BMI), and 5 countries newly established criteria for metabolic surgery in the last ten years. Sixty-nine percent of the countries currently run public health insurance systems, which doubled from 2010. The number of bariatric surgeons and institutions increased more than threefold from 2010. In 2010, 2019, and 2020, surgeons in IFSO-APC societies performed 18,280, 66,010, and 49,553 bariatric/metabolic surgeries, respectively. Due to the COVID pandemic, restriction policies significantly reduced access to surgery in South and Southeast Asian countries. The biggest changes included increased numbers of bariatric surgeons and institutions, operation numbers, public insurance coverage, raising awareness, and national registry systems.

Conclusion
For the last 10 years, bariatric/metabolic surgery has rapidly grown in the Asia–Pacific region.
Commutative Toeplitz Algebras and Their Gelfand Theory: Old and New Results
Authors: Bauer Wolfram , Rodriguez Rodriguez Miguel Angel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a survey and new results on the construction and Gelfand theory of commutative Toeplitz algebras over the standard weighted Bergman and Hardy spaces over the unit ball in $$\mathbb {C}^n$$

C

n

. As an application we discuss semi-simplicity and the spectral invariance of these algebras. The different function Hilbert spaces are dealt with in parallel in successive chapters so that a direct comparison of the results is possible. As a new aspect of the theory we define commutative Toeplitz algebras over spaces of functions in infinitely many variables and present some structural results. The paper concludes with a short list of open problems in this area of research.
Liftable pairs of functors and initial objects
Authors: Ardizzoni Alessandro , Goyvaerts Isar , Menini Claudia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLet $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
and $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
be monoidal categories and let $$R:\mathcal {A}\rightarrow \mathcal {B}$$

R
:
A
→
B

be a lax monoidal functor. If R has a left adjoint L, it is well-known that the two adjoints induce functors $${\overline{R}}={\textsf {Alg}}(R):\textsf {Alg}({\mathcal {A}})\rightarrow {\textsf {Alg}}({\mathcal {B}})$$

R
¯

=
Alg

(
R
)

:
Alg

(
A
)

→
Alg

(
B
)

and $${\underline{L}}={\textsf {Coalg}}(L):{ \textsf {Coalg}}({\mathcal {B}})\rightarrow \textsf {Coalg}({\mathcal {A}})$$

L
̲

=
Coalg

(
L
)

:
Coalg

(
B
)

→
Coalg

(
A
)

respectively. The pair (L, R) is called liftable if the functor $${\overline{R}}$$

R
¯

has a left adjoint and if the functor $${\underline{L}}$$

L
̲

has a right adjoint. A pleasing fact is that, when $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
, $$\mathcal {B}$$
B
and R are moreover braided, a liftable pair of functors as above gives rise to an adjunction at the level of bialgebras. In this note, sufficient conditions on the category $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
for $${\overline{R}}$$

R
¯

to possess a left adjoint, are given. Natively these conditions involve the existence of suitable colimits that we interpret as objects which are simultaneously initial in four distinguished categories (among which the category of epi-induced objects), allowing for an explicit construction of $${\overline{L}}$$

L
¯

, under the appropriate hypotheses. This is achieved by introducing a relative version of the notion of weakly coreflective subcategory, which turns out to be a useful tool to compare the initial objects in the involved categories. We apply our results to obtain an analogue of Sweedler’s finite dual for the category of vector spaces graded by an abelian group G endowed with a bicharacter. When the bicharacter on G is skew-symmetric, a lifted adjunction as mentioned above is explicitly described, inducing an auto-adjunction on the category of bialgebras “colored” by G.
Spatially Balanced Sampling with Local Ranking
Authors: Robertson B. L. , Ozturk O. , Kravchuk O. , Brown J. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA spatial sampling design determines where sample locations are placed in a study area so that population parameters can be estimated with good precision. Spatially balanced designs draw samples with good spatial spread and provide precise results for commonly used estimators when surveying natural resources. In this article, we propose a new sampling strategy that incorporates ranking information from nearby locations into a spatially balanced sample. If the population exhibits spatial trends, our simple local ranking strategy can improve the precision of commonly used estimators. Numerical results on several test populations with different spatial structures show that local ranking can improve the performance of a spatially balanced design. To show that local ranking is simple and effective in practice, we provide an example application for the health and productivity assessment of a Shiraz vineyard in South Australia.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Tillage effects on ground beetles in temperate climates: a review
Authors: Müller Phillip , Neuhoff Daniel , Nabel Moritz , Schiffers Katja , Döring Thomas F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGround beetles (carabids) constitute an important functional component of biodiversity in agroecosystems, mainly because of their role as predators of pests, but also as consumers of weed seeds and as prey to other organisms. Over the past few decades, there has been a marked and continuous decline of ground beetles in Europe, and many species of this insect family are threatened by intensive agricultural practices. The effect of soil tillage, a standard technique in arable farming, on carabids has been investigated in many experimental studies. However, there is currently no clear and differentiated picture of how ground beetles are affected by tillage operations in direct and indirect ways. In this review, we narrow this gap of knowledge and show that the effects of intensive tillage on ground beetles—especially the use of mouldboard ploughing—are extremely variable. Nonetheless, on balance across multiple studies, greater tillage intensity tends to have a negative effect on abundance, species richness, and diversity. The observed variability may partly be attributed to a change in species-specific food availability or habitat conditions, induced by tillage. Tillage effects on dominant species tend to have a strong impact on total carabid abundance. The high variability of carabid responses to tillage is also a consequence of various modifying factors such as cover cropping, rotations, and variations in weed control associated with tillage. Because different modes of tillage tend to affect different carabid species, the diversification of tillage operations within a farm or region may contribute to the overall diversity of carabid communities.
Machine Learning Approaches for Measuring Neighborhood Environments in Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Rundle Andrew G. , Bader Michael D. M. , Mooney Stephen J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose of review
Innovations in information technology, initiatives by local governments to share administrative data, and growing inventories of data available from commercial data aggregators have immensely expanded the information available to describe neighborhood environments, supporting an approach to research we call Urban Health Informatics. This review evaluates the application of machine learning to this new wealth of data for studies of the effects of neighborhood environments on health.

Recent findings
Prominent machine learning applications in this field include automated image analysis of archived imagery such as Google Street View images, variable selection methods to identify neighborhood environment factors that predict health outcomes from large pools of exposure variables, and spatial interpolation methods to estimate neighborhood conditions across large geographic areas.

Summary
In each domain, we highlight successes and cautions in the application of machine learning, particularly highlighting legal issues in applying machine learning approaches to Google’s geo-spatial data.
Multimodal medical image fusion with convolution sparse representation and mutual information correlation in NSST domain
Authors: Guo Peng , Xie Guoqi , Li Renfa , Hu Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultimodal medical image is an effective method to solve a series of clinical problems, such as clinical diagnosis and postoperative treatment. In this study, a medical image fusion method based on convolutional sparse representation (CSR) and mutual information correlation is proposed. In this method, the source image is decomposed into one high-frequency and one low-frequency sub-band by non-subsampled shearlet transform. For the high-frequency sub-band, CSR is used for high-frequency coefficient fusion. For the low-frequency sub-band, different fusion strategies are used for different regions by mutual information correlation analysis. Analysis of two kinds of medical image fusion problems, namely, CT–MRI and MRI–SPECT, reveals that the performance of this method is robust in terms of five common objective metrics. Compared with the other six advanced medical image fusion methods, the experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better results in subjective vision and objective evaluation metrics.