bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for SARS-CoV-2 – A review focussing on the significance of the sewer network using a Dublin city catchment case study
Authors: Mac Mahon Joanne , Criado Monleon Alejandro Javier , Gill Laurence W. , O'Sullivan John J. , Meijer Wim G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been employed by many countries globally since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to assess the benefits of this surveillance tool in the context of informing public health measures. WBE has been successfully employed to detect SARS-CoV-2 at wastewater treatment plants for community-wide surveillance, as well as in smaller catchments and institutions for targeted surveillance of COVID-19. In addition, WBE has been successfully used to detect new variants, identify areas of high infection levels, as well as to detect new infection outbreaks. However, due to to the large number of inherent uncertainties in the WBE process, including the inherent intricacies of the sewer network, decay of the virus en route to a monitoring point, levels of recovery from sampling and quantification methods, levels of faecal shedding among the infected population, as well as population normalisation methods, the usefulness of wastewater samples as a means of accurately quantifying SARS-CoV-2 infection levels among a population remains less clear. The current WBE programmes in place globally will help to identify new areas of research aimed at reducing the levels of uncertainty in the WBE process, thus improving WBE as a public health monitoring tool for future pandemics. In the meantime, such programmes can provide valuable comparisons to clinical testing data and other public health metrics, as well being an effective early warning tool for new variants and new infection outbreaks. This review includes a case study of sampled wastewater from the sewer network in Dublin, Ireland, during a peak infection period of COVID-19 in the city, which evaluates the different uncertainties in the WBE process.
Andares peligrosos
Authors: López-Hernández Olga Nacori , Hernández-Hernández Oscar Misael 
Published: September 2022

Nuestro propósito en este trabajo es reexplorar la violencia criminal en dos ciudades de la frontera norte de México, específicamente en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, y Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Partimos de un enfoque relacional y una dimensión fenomenológica de la violencia criminal, efiniéndola como un campo de poder procesual, multicausal y multidireccional, pero también como un campo de poder vivido y significado por quienes la ejercen y quienes la padecen en la vida cotidiana. Metodológicamente utilizamos la autoetnografía como una herramienta útil para comprender el contexto social y subjetivo de la violencia criminal que nosotros vivimos en ciudades de esta región fronteriza.
México: bienestar subjetivo y movilidad social
Authors: Millán Henio 
Published: September 2022

El objetivo es examinar la influencia de la movilidad social sobre el bienestar subjetivo. La metodología consiste en un grupo de modelos de regresión aplicados a varios escenarios. Los principales resultados son: a) en un contexto de pobreza, la gente está satisfecha con su vida si, al menos, conserva la situación económico-social de sus padres; el escalamiento social no forma parte de su función de bienestar; b) un perfil moderno con alta satisfacción con los logros, el nivel de vida y las expectativas de futuro, anula cualquier influencia de la movilidad sobre el bienestar subjetivo.
Measurement and Validation of the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) in a Population With Diabetes
Authors: Patel Minal R. , Zhang Guanghao , Heisler Michele , Song Peter X.K. , Piette John D. , Shi Xu , Choe Hae Mi , Smith Alyssa , Resnicow Kenneth 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
The Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity–Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) is a validated instrument measuring financial distress among people with cancer. The reliability and construct validity of the 11-item COST-FACIT were examined in adults with diabetes and high A1C.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined the factor structure (exploratory factor analysis), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach α), floor/ceiling effects, known-groups validity, and predictive validity among a sample of 600 adults with diabetes and high A1C.

RESULTS
COST-FACIT demonstrated a two-factor structure with high internal consistency: general financial situation (7-items, α = 0.86) and impact of illness on financial situation (4-items, α = 0.73). The measure demonstrated a ceiling effect for 2% of participants and floor effects for 7%. Worse financial toxicity scores were observed among adults who were women, were below the poverty line, had government-sponsored health insurance, were middle-aged, were not in the workforce, and had less educational attainment (P &lt; 0.01). Worse financial toxicity was observed for those engaging in cost coping behaviors, such as taking less or skipping medicines, delaying care, borrowing money, “maxing out” the limit on credit cards, and not paying bills (P &lt; 0.01). In regression models for the full measure and its two factors, worse financial toxicity was correlated with higher A1C (P &lt; 0.01), higher levels of diabetes distress (P &lt; 0.01), more chronic conditions (P &lt; 0.01), and more depressive symptoms (P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings support both the reliability and validity of the COST-FACIT tool among adults with diabetes and high A1C levels. More research is needed to support the use of the COST-FACIT tool as a clinically relevant patient-centered instrument for diabetes care.
Accuracy of telephone triage for predicting adverse outcomes in suspected COVID-19: An observational cohort study linking NHS 111 telephone triage, primary and secondary healthcare and mortality records.
Authors: Marincowitz Carl , Stone Tony , Bath Peter , Campbell Richard , Turner Janette , Pilbery Richard , Thomas Benjamin , Sutton Laura , Bell Fiona , Biggs Katie , Hopfgartner Frank , Hussein Madina , Mazumdar Suvodeep , Petrie Jennifer , Goodacre Steve 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesSettings in identifying need for emergency care amongst those with suspected COVID-19 infection and identify factors which affect triage accuracy.
ApproachAn observational cohort study of adults who contacted the NHS 111 telephone triage service provided by Yorkshire Ambulance Service between March and June 2020 with symptoms indicating possible COVID-19 infection. Patient-level data encompassing triage call, primary care, hospital care and death registration records relating to 40,261 adults were linked.
The accuracy of triage outcome (self-care/non-urgent assessment versus ambulance/urgent assessment) was assessed for death or organ support 30 days from first contact. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with risk of false negative or false positive triage.
ResultsCallers had a 3% (1,200/40,261) risk of serious adverse outcomes. Telephone triage recommended self-care or non-urgent assessment for 60% (24,335/40,261), with a 1.3% (310/24,335) risk of adverse outcomes 30 days from first contact. Telephone triage had 74.2% sensitivity (95% CI: 71.6 to 76.6%) and 61.5% specificity (61% to 62%) for the primary outcome. Analysis suggested respiratory comorbidities may be over-appreciated and diabetes under-appreciated as predictors of deterioration. Repeat contact with triage service appears to be an important under-recognised predictor of deterioration.
ConclusionPatients advised to self-care or receive non-urgent clinical assessment had a small but non-negligible risk of serious clinical deterioration. Repeat contact with telephone services needs recognition as an important predictor of subsequent adverse outcomes.
Applying the British Columbia Health System Matrix (BCHSM) population segmentation framework to support integrated care in Ontario, Canada.
Authors: Hall Ruth , Mondor Luke , Wodchis Walter 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo adapt the BCHSM population segmentation methodology to Ontario’s health administrative data to identify mutually exclusive segments with similar health care needs to support integrated care efforts and population health management in Ontario, Canada. To compare health system related costs across derived segments to identify opportunities for better integrated care.
ApproachWe identified Ontarians alive with valid health card numbers as of April 1, 2020 (n =14,358,565) and created a matrix of prior utilization, cost and diagnoses using linked health administrative databases. Using a hierarchical technique, we assigned individuals into one of 14 BCHSM segments based on the greatest health care needs. Segments of need range from non-users (low need) to end-of-life patients (greatest need). We report the distribution of individual characteristics, average monthly costs across segments and further stratified health care costs by quintile of material deprivation within segments.
ResultsThe largest segment was the healthy (low) users (43%) followed by low chronic conditions (28%) and non-users (10%). Five segments comprised <1% of the total population: end-of-life, frail in care, cancer, frail in the community and child and youth major. Average costs per month alive increased from $28 for the non-user segment to $5,100 for the end-of-life segment (0.5% of the population). Costs in the Frail with high chronic conditions segment ($2,740/mo) were 3-times higher than costs in the high chronic conditions segment ($930/mo), 6-times higher than costs in the medium chronic conditions segment ($450/mo), and 14-times higher than costs in the low chronic conditions segment ($193/mo). Results were generally more favourable in areas of low (vs high) material deprivation overall and within population segments.
ConclusionUsing Ontario’s linkable health administrative data we have created an Ontario adaptation of the BCHSM needs-based population segmentation approach. Segmentation supports population health management as well as helping identify opportunities for improvement to strengthen integrated care and potential cost savings.
Administrative Data Based Population Estimates for Scotland.
Authors: Rowley David , Ellis Caroline 
Published: September 2022

In December 2021, we published statistical research on Administrative Data Based Population Estimates (ABPEs) for Scotland’s population in 2016, 2017 and 2018. This work was developed as part of a project to consider how administrative data could be used to support Scotland’s Census.
Following the governance process, administrative datasets were processed and de-identified, before being transferred to Scotland’s National Safe Haven for linking and analysis. The datasets used include data from health, the electoral register, vital events registrations, and education. The methodology used several linking variables so data could be linked, even without exact agreement between records. Records from across the data sources were resolved into individuals using these links. Business rules then indicated which individuals to include in Scotland’s Integrated Demographic Dataset (SIDD). The ABPEs were then produced from this and compared with the official mid-year population estimates (MYEs) to determine success.
On aggregate, the population estimates from the ABPEs are very similar to the MYEs, differing by less than 0.5 per cent in each year. When broken down further, larger differences occur with ABPEs having more males and fewer people aged over 65 when compared with the official statistics. A notable difference between the two is for males aged between 30 and 65 in deprived areas, with ABPEs up to 20% higher than the MYEs. These differences by deprivation are smaller for other age ranges and for females. The ABPEs tend to be higher than official estimates for urban areas, and lower for rural areas. Differences for each local authority area range from 5 per cent below to 4 per cent above official estimates.
It is therefore possible to produce Scottish population estimates purely from administrative sources that roughly agree with MYEs. Further investigation will help understand the differences for particular groups, and will be explored in future years by comparing ABPEs with the 2022 Census.
The use of healthcare datasets to investigate the impact of dose intensity in the adolescent and young adult cancer population.
Authors: Hughes Nicola , Feltbower Richard , Stark Dan 
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To investigate whether the dose intensity of chemotherapy received by Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) cancer patients impacts on their survival.
To assess and compare the utility of existing healthcare data available at a regional, national and international level to answer this question.

ApproachA regional dataset has been created through linkage of the Yorkshire Specialist Register of Cancer in Children and Young People to electronic chemotherapy prescribing data from Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, providing a detailed dataset. The national dataset comprises of data from the National Cancer Registry and Analysis Service (NCRAS) linked to the Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy (SACT) dataset which collects chemotherapy prescribing data from all hospitals in England. This dataset provides bigger patient numbers but data at a pseudonymised level. The international dataset comprises of anonymised data from clinical trials.
ResultsThe data has being linked, cleaned and validated. Survival analysis is being carried out using a causal inference framework.
ConclusionThis study will describe the value of existing healthcare care sets in the AYA cancer population. Identification of areas in which the datasets are lacking will help inform data controllers regarding ways in which data collection can be optimised for this important patient group.
Care trajectory in homes care users across mortality-risk profiles: an observational study.
Authors: Murmann Maya , Manuel Douglas , Tanuseputro Peter , Bennett Carol , Pugliese Michael , Roberts Rhiannon , Li Wenshan , Hsu Amy T. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesRESPECT is a prognostic tool, developed using linked population-based data, to predict 6-month mortality in community-dwelling older adults. RESPECT is implemented and openly accessible as a web-based tool on ProjectBigLife.ca, where over 700,000 calculations have been performed to date. Our objective was to describe healthcare utilization patterns among home care (HC) users across mortality risk profiles generated from RESPECT to inform care planning for older persons who have varying mortality risks and levels of care needs as they decline.
ApproachWe conducted a retrospective cohort study examining healthcare use among HC users in Ontario, Canada, who received at least one interRAI HC assessment between April 2018 and September 2019. Using linked health administrative data at the individual level, we examined the use of acute care (hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits), long-term care (LTC), and palliative home care within 6-months of each assessment and prognostication using RESPECT. Mortality risk profiles from RESPECT were created based on the median survival.
ResultsThe cohort comprised 247,377 community-dwelling older adults; 14.3% died within 6-months of an assessment. Among decedents, half (51.51%) of HC users with a predicted median survival of less than 3-months received at least one palliative care home visit; 39.17%, 34.82% and 13.84% visited the ED, were hospitalized, or were admitted to LTC, respectively. The proportion of assessments that received at least one palliative HC visit declined to 43.11% and 30.28% of assessments with a median survival between 3- and 6-months and those between 6-months and 12-months, respectively. The proportion of assessments with an acute care use increases with increasing median survival.
ConclusionA considerable proportion of people at the end-of-life do not receive any palliative home care and continued to be institutionalized. This may be indication that the reduced life expectancies and palliative care needs of many older adults are not being recognized, thus demonstrating the value of prognostic models like RESPECT to inform care planning for individuals in their final years of life.
Devolved jurisdictions: experience from early research users of family justice data in SAIL Databank.
Authors: Garside Ludivine , Hodges Helen 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis session will share user experience with hosted datasets across two jurisdictions. Family justice is a new domain on the SAIL Databank. Given the devolved policy agenda, challenges arose at different stages in the process of deriving an analytical dataset to compare how children leave care in England and Wales.
ApproachDetails of applications to family courts, and their legal outcomes, were first provisioned in SAIL in 2020 by the respective Children and Families Court Advisory and Support Services (Cafcass) in England and Wales. The analytical challenge was the structure of the datasets, which are fully relational and require information to be summarised and restructured for analysis at case-, application- or child-level. The added complexity of cross-jurisdictional datasets will be examined along four dimensions at planning stage, set-up and life course of the project: data owners’ approvals, data provisioning, metadata, and data linkage within the host platform.
ResultsEarly dialogue reduced project risk by aligning timelines with datasets availability and project restrictions, including ethical and GDPR constraints. Metadata allowed the availability and quality of variables to be gauged, alongside the data linkage necessary for analysis. Once data access started, assessing data consistency in each database was the most time-intensive element. High quality metadata can shorten this, and bypass data quality queries. Further in the project life course, clear responsibilities for metadata and data quality ensured that user queries were better targeted. Loss from linkage was partially compensated by the fact that children unsuitably linked remained visible, so researchers could report on which types of families and cases were unmatched, and beyond the project inform about matching rates to be expected from similar linkages.
ConclusionAn important feature of the Cafcass provision in SAIL is the final approval by data owners for researchers to access and link to other datasets in SAIL. With further datasets expected, new linkage opportunities offer excellent prospects for refining comparisons of family justice across England and Wales.
Education and social care predictors of offending trajectories: A UK administrative data linkage study.
Authors: Dickson Hannah , Vamvakas George , Blackwood Nigel 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTotal annual costs of crime in England and Wales is estimated at £50bn.The age-crime curve indicates that criminal behavioural peaks in adolescence and decreases in adulthood. Life-course persistent offenders begin to behave antisocially early in childhood and continue this behaviour into adulthood. By contrast, adolescent-limited offenders exhibit most of their antisocial behaviour during adolescence, with a minority continuing to offend into adulthood. However, evidence suggests that this curve conceals distinct developmental trajectories. Prospective cohort study data has highlighted distinct risk factors for these offending trajectories, but this research is limited because of small sample sizes for disadvantaged groups, selection bias and infrequency of data collection.
ApproachThe current study began in February 2022 and is one of the first to use UK linked national crime and education records. The aim is to: (1) establish the offending trajectories of individuals between the ages of 10 and 32 years following their first recorded conviction or caution using national crime records; and (2) develop prediction models of these offending trajectories using administrative education and social care data.
ResultsIn my talk, I will share findings on the offending trajectories identified and present some early results on the key education and social care drivers of the offending trajectories.
ConclusionsFindings from the project have the potential to identify previously unknown, or confirm lesser known, offending trajectories using real world data based on the UK population. It may also lead to the detection of previously unknown risk or protective factors for offending, which has implications for early intervention and could help inform criminal justice system responses to early antisocial behaviour.
Сохранение 4-х мерного электромагнитного тока в формализме, основанном на алгебры Клиффорда
Authors: Бабаев Алимжан 
Published: September 2022

В статье получены уравнения непрерывности и закон сохранения вихревого 4-х тока в новом формализме на основе обобщенной алгебры Клиффорда (на случай криволинейных координат).
. The article presents the derivation of the continuity equation and the conservation law of the eddy 4-current on the generalized Clifford algebra (curvilinear coordinates’ case) based formalism.
Implementasi Pengetahuan Tradisional Pada Pendidikan Dasar Dan Dokumentasi Daerah Di Kota Ambon
Authors: Pandiangan Andreas , Sunarimahingsih Yulita Titik , Sanjaya Andreas Ryan , Alfredo Ronald 
Published: September 2022

Artikel ini membahas mengenai kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pendampingan kepada guru-guru tingkat Sekolah Dasar di empat desa adat (negeri) di Ambon dalam menyusun kurikulum muatan lokal. Kegiatan pengabdian ini didasarkan pada 6 (enam) penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya secara berkesinambungan sejak tahun 2012 yang menghasilkan temuan-temuan yang menjadi referensi utama para guru dalam menyusun kurikulum muatan lokal. Tujuan kegiatan ini tak lain adalah terwujudnya pelembagaan pengetahuan tradisional dalam pendidikan di sekolah dasar melalui muatan lokal. Terdapat dua jenis mitra dalam pengabdian ini, yaitu mitra pengguna dan mitra pelaksana. Mitra pengguna adalah Pemerintah Kota Ambon, Dinas Pendidikan Kota Ambon, dan guru-guru SD di empat negeri. Sementara mitra pelaksana adalah Institut Tifa Damai Maluku dan FISIP Universitas Pattimura. Pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa kegiatan, yaitu 1) penyusunan dokumen bahan ajar muatan lokal; 2) Diskusi Kelompok Terarah (FGD) dengan mitra pengguna dan mitra pelaksana; 3) Pendampingan penyusunan Silabus muatan lokal; dan 4) Presentasi guru penyusun silabus dan evaluasi. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini adalah terdapat kebutuhan mendesak untuk mengintegrasikan pengetahuan tradisional dalam pendidikan dasar dan dokumentasi daerah. Kegiatan ini dapat menjadi proyek pilot untuk diterapkan pada negeri-negeri lain di Ambon