bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitude of Cervical Cancer Screening and Vaccination in Patients Attending Gynecology Outpatient Clinic at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Shamaun Shamaila , Jaleel Riffat , Gull Yasmeen , Shahid Afshan , Iqbal Mehreen , Qazi Tabinda Naseer 
Published: August 2022

Background Cervical cancer is the third most prevalent female cancer in Pakistan; nearly 70% present at a very advanced stage of malignancy due to lack of awareness, proper screening, and vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude toward screening, vaccination, and risk factors of cervical cancer in sexually active women of Pakistan.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the gynecology outpatient clinic of a public sector hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2021 to March 2022. We included sexually active women with exception of diagnosed cases of cervical cancer, pregnancy, vaginal bleeding, and psychological disorder. Collected data were regarding demographic characteristics, awareness regarding cervical cancer, screening, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, and risk factors, history of cervical screening, and wiliness to opt-in for cervical screening.
Results We included 226 women with a mean age of 41.25 ± 10.54 years. The mean parity level was observed to be 3.8 ± 1.95. A majority of women were housewives by profession (88.9%) and uneducated (61.9%). Only 41.2% (93) of women were aware of cervical cancer, 33.6% (76) were aware of cervical screening, and only 15.9% (36) had a history of cervical screening. Only four women (1.8%) were aware of the HPV vaccine and 31% (70) showed intention to opt-in for cervical screening. A vast majority of women (96.9%) were not aware of the risk factors of cervical cancer.
Conclusion(s) We have observed poor awareness regarding cervical cancer, HPV vaccination, and cervical screening among women in our population. Lack of awareness was not restricted to a certain segment but it prevails all across the demographic in our population.
Surgical Treatment of Cavernous and Fibrous-Cavernous TB in Children
Authors: Giller Dmitry Borisovich , Koroev Vadim Valerievich , Kesaev Oleg Shamilievich , Enilenis Inga Igorevna , Dobrin Roman Romanovich , Martel Ivan Ivanovich 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Treatment of cavernous and fibrous cavernous tuberculosis in children, especially in the presence of multiple drug resistance-tuberculosis or extremely drug resistance-tuberculosis, presents a major challenge.
Materials and Methods We analyzed results of treatment of 65 patients (mean age 14.8 + 2.9 years) with cavernous TB (group I) and 116 patients (mean age 15.6 + 1.9 years) with fibrous-cavernous TB (group II). Evaluation of treatment efficiency was performed directly at discharge and 1 year after treatment according to Lazerson's criteria.
Results In group I, after 80 operations, two (2.5%) cases showed delayed expansion of the lung after combined resections, in group II, postoperative complications after 160 operations occurred in eight (5.0%) cases (the difference is reliable p ≤0,05). There was no hospital fatality. The effectiveness at the time of discharge from surgery (cessation of bacterization and elimination of decay cavities in the lung) was 100% in groups I and II, respectively. A year later, according to Lazerson's criteria, the efficiency in group I was 100%, in group II was 97.4%.
Conclusion Operations in patients with cavernous tuberculosis performed after 10 to 12 months of conservative treatment present a lower risk of postoperative complications and relapses of cavernous tuberculosis than operations in patients with fibrous cavernous tuberculosis performed after 22 months or more of treatment.
Something borrowed, something new: Challenges in using qualitative methods to study under-researched international business phenomena
Authors: Reuber A Rebecca , Alkhaled Sophie , Barnard Helena , Couper Carole , Sasaki Innan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article responds to calls for IB researchers to study a greater diversity of international business (IB) phenomena in order to generate theoretical insights about empirical settings that are under-represented in the scholarly IB literature. While this objective is consistent with the strengths of qualitative research methods, novel empirical settings are not always well aligned with methods that have been developed in better-researched and thus more familiar settings. In this article, we explore three methods-related challenges of studying under-researched empirical settings, in terms of gathering and analyzing qualitative data. The challenges are: managing researcher identities, navigating unfamiliar data gathering conditions, and theorizing the uniqueness of novel empirical settings. These challenges are integral to the process of contextualization, which involves linking observations from an empirical setting to the categories of the theoretical research context. We provide a toolkit of recommended practices to manage them, by drawing on published accounts of research by others, and on our own experiences in the field.
Multi-extreme conditions at the Second Target Station
Authors: Haberl B. , Quirinale D. G. , Li C. W. , Granroth G. E. , Nojiri H. , Donnelly M.-E. , Ushakov S. V. , Boehler R. , Winn B. L. 
Published: August 2022

Three concepts for the application of multi-extreme conditions under in situ neutron scattering are described here. The first concept is a neutron diamond anvil cell made from a non-magnetic alloy. It is shrunk in size to fit existing magnets and future magnet designs and is designed for best pressure stability upon cooling. This will allow for maximum pressures above 10 GPa to be applied simultaneously with (steady-state) high magnetic field and (ultra-)low temperature. Additionally, an implementation of miniature coils for neutron diamond cells is presented for pulsed-field applications. The second concept presents a set-up for laser-heating a neutron diamond cell using a defocused CO2 laser. Cell, anvil, and gasket stability will be achieved through stroboscopic measurements and maximum temperatures of 1500 K are anticipated at pressures to the megabar. The third concept presents a hybrid levitator to enable measurements of solids and liquids at temperatures in excess of 4000 K. This will be accomplished by a combination of bulk induction and surface laser heating and hyperbaric conditions to reduce evaporation rates. The potential for deployment of these multi-extreme environments within this first instrument suite of the Second Target Station is described with a special focus on VERDI, PIONEER, CENTAUR, and CHESS. Furthermore, considerations for deployment on future instruments, such as the one proposed as TITAN, are discussed. Overall, the development of these multi-extremes at the Second Target Station, but also beyond, will be highly advantageous for future experimentation and will give access to parameter space previously not possible for neutron scattering.
Observation of a reentrant structural transition in an arsenic sulfide liquid
Authors: Yuan Bing , Aitken Bruce G. , Sen Sabyasachi 
Published: August 2022

A fundamental and much-debated issue in glass science is the existence and nature of liquid–liquid transitions in glass-forming liquids. Here, we report the existence of a novel reentrant structural transition in a S-rich arsenic sulfide liquid of composition As2.5S97.5. The nature of this transition and its effect on viscosity are investigated in situ using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry and simultaneous Raman spectroscopic and rheometric measurements. The results indicate that, upon heating significantly above its glass transition temperature (261 K), the constituent Sn sulfur chains in the structure of the supercooled liquid first undergo a Sn⇌S8 chain-to-ring conversion near ∼383 K, which is exothermic in nature. Further heating above 393 K alters the equilibrium to shift in the opposite direction toward an endothermic ring-to-chain conversion characteristic of the well-known λ-transition in pure sulfur liquid. This behavior is attributed to the competing effects of enthalpy of mixing and conformational entropy of ring and chain elements in the liquid. The existence of reentrant structural transitions in glass-forming liquids could provide important insights into the thermodynamics of liquid–liquid transitions and may have important consequences for harnessing novel functionalities of derived glasses.
Fine-scaled climate variation in equatorial Africa revealed by modern and fossil primate teeth
Authors: Green Daniel R. , Ávila Janaina N. , Cote Susanne , Dirks Wendy , Lee Daeun , Poulsen Christopher J. , Williams Ian S. , Smith Tanya M. 
Published: August 2022

Variability in resource availability is hypothesized to be a significant driver of primate adaptation and evolution, but most paleoclimate proxies cannot recover environmental seasonality on the scale of an individual lifespan. Oxygen isotope compositions (δ
18
O values) sampled at high spatial resolution in the dentitions of modern African primates (
n
= 2,352 near weekly measurements from 26 teeth) track concurrent seasonal precipitation, regional climatic patterns, discrete meteorological events, and niche partitioning. We leverage these data to contextualize the first δ
18
O values of two 17 Ma
Afropithecus turkanensis
individuals from Kalodirr, Kenya, from which we infer variably bimodal wet seasons, supported by rainfall reconstructions in a global Earth system model.
Afropithecus
’ δ
18
O fluctuations are intermediate in magnitude between those measured at high resolution in baboons (
Papio
spp.) living across a gradient of aridity and modern forest-dwelling chimpanzees (
Pan troglodytes verus
). This large-bodied Miocene ape consumed seasonally variable food and water sources enriched in
18
O compared to contemporaneous terrestrial fauna (
n
= 66 fossil specimens). Reliance on fallback foods during documented dry seasons potentially contributed to novel dental features long considered adaptations to hard-object feeding. Developmentally informed microsampling recovers greater ecological complexity than conventional isotope sampling; the two Miocene apes (
n
= 248 near weekly measurements) evince as great a range of seasonal δ
18
O variation as more time-averaged bulk measurements from 101 eastern African Plio-Pleistocene hominins and 42 papionins spanning 4 million y. These results reveal unprecedented environmental histories in primate teeth and suggest a framework for evaluating climate change and primate paleoecology throughout the Cenozoic.
Real-time detection of response regulator phosphorylation dynamics in live bacteria
Authors: Butcher Ryan J. , Tabor Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2022

Bacteria utilize two-component system (TCS) signal transduction pathways to sense and adapt to changing environments. In a typical TCS, a stimulus induces a sensor histidine kinase (SHK) to phosphorylate a response regulator (RR), which then dimerizes and activates a transcriptional response. Here, we demonstrate that oligomerization-dependent depolarization of excitation light by fused mNeonGreen fluorescent protein probes enables real-time monitoring of RR dimerization dynamics in live bacteria. Using inducible promoters to independently express SHKs and RRs, we detect RR dimerization within seconds of stimulus addition in several model pathways. We go on to combine experiments with mathematical modeling to reveal that TCS phosphosignaling accelerates with SHK expression but decelerates with RR expression and SHK phosphatase activity. We further observe pulsatile activation of the SHK NarX in response to addition and depletion of the extracellular electron acceptor nitrate when the corresponding TCS is expressed from both inducible systems and the native chromosomal operon. Finally, we combine our method with polarized light microscopy to enable single-cell measurements of RR dimerization under changing stimulus conditions. Direct in vivo characterization of RR oligomerization dynamics should enable insights into the regulation of bacterial physiology.
Nucleotide excision repair removes thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine from the mammalian genome
Authors: Wang Li , Cao Xuemei , Yang Yanyan , Kose Cansu , Kawara Hiroaki , Lindsey-Boltz Laura A. , Selby Christopher P. , Sancar Aziz 
Published: August 2022

Nucleotide excision repair is the principal mechanism for removing bulky DNA adducts from the mammalian genome, including those induced by environmental carcinogens such as UV radiation, and anticancer drugs such as cisplatin. Surprisingly, we found that the widely used thymidine analog EdU is a substrate for excision repair when incorporated into the DNA of replicating cells. A number of thymidine analogs were tested, and only EdU was a substrate for excision repair. EdU excision was absent in repair-deficient cells, and in vitro, DNA duplexes bearing EdU were also substrates for excision by mammalian cell-free extracts. We used the excision repair sequencing (XR-seq) method to map EdU repair in the human genome at single-nucleotide resolution and observed that EdU was excised throughout the genome and was subject to transcription-coupled repair as evidenced by higher repair rates in the transcribed strand (TS) relative to the nontranscribed strand (NTS) in transcriptionally active genes. These properties of EdU, combined with its cellular toxicity and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, make it a potential candidate for treating cancers of the brain, a tissue that typically demonstrates limited replication in adults.
On graded 1-absorbing prime submodules
Authors: Ka’abneh Ahmad , Abu-Dawwas Rashid 
Published: August 2022

Let G be a group with identity e, R be a commutative G-graded ring with unity 1 and M be a G-graded unital R-module. In this article, we introduce the concept of graded 1-absorbing prime submodule. A proper graded R-submodule N of M is said to be a graded 1-absorbing prime R-submodule of M if for all non-unit homogeneous elements x, y of R and homogeneous element m of M with xym ∈ N, either xy ∈ (N :R M) or m ∈ N. We show that the new concept is a generalization of graded prime submodules. At the same time it is a special graded 2-absorbing submodule. Several properties of a graded 1-absorbing prime submodule have been obtained. We investigate graded 1-absorbing prime submodules when the components {Mg : g ∈ G} are multiplication Re-modules.
Supplementary comparison between INTI-PTB of scattering coefficients in PC-3.5 connector (SIM.EM.RF-S17)
Authors: Monasterios G , Kuhlmann K 
Published: August 2022

Main text
This document presents the final report of the supplementary comparison identified as SIM.EM.RF-S17 and carried out by the NMI (National Metrology Institute) from Argentina (INTI) and Germany (PTB).
The measurands were S-parameters up to 32 GHz in 3.5 mm coaxial connector. In addition, this comparison shows how digitalization during the measurement process and data analysis can improve a comparison outcome, this comparison being one of the first comparisons under BIPM scope in which exchanged data between participants consisted of digital uncertainty objects based on an XML structure.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Improved anharmonic trap expansion through enhanced shortcuts to adiabaticity
Authors: Whitty C , Kiely A , Ruschhaupt A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) have been successfully applied both theoretically and experimentally to a wide variety of quantum control tasks. In previous work the authors have developed an analytic extension to STA, called enhanced shortcuts to adiabaticity (eSTA), that extends STA methods to systems where STA cannot be applied directly (2020 Phys. Rev. Res.
2 023360). Here we generalize this approach and construct an alternative eSTA method that takes advantage of higher order terms. We apply this eSTA method to the expansion of both a Gaussian trap and accordion lattice potential, demonstrating the improved fidelity and robustness of eSTA.
Direct measurement of the Wigner function of atoms in an optical trap
Authors: Winkelmann Falk-Richard , Weidner Carrie A , Ramola Gautam , Alt Wolfgang , Meschede Dieter , Alberti Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a scheme to directly probe the Wigner function of the motional state of a neutral atom confined in an optical trap. The proposed scheme relies on the well-established fact that the Wigner function at a given point (x, p) in phase space is proportional to the expectation value of the parity operator relative to that point. In this work, we show that the expectation value of the parity operator can be directly measured using two auxiliary internal states of the atom: parity-even and parity-odd motional states are mapped to the two internal states of the atom through a Ramsey interferometry scheme. The Wigner function can thus be measured point-by-point in phase space with a single, direct measurement of the internal state population. Numerical simulations show that the scheme is robust in that it applies not only to deep, harmonic potentials but also to shallower, anharmonic traps.
Real-time propagator eigenstates
Authors: Oppermann F , Eicke N , Lein M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Obtaining a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation requires an initial state for the time evolution. If the system Hamiltonian can be split into a time-independent part and a time-dependent perturbation, the initial state is typically chosen as an eigenstate of the former. For propagation using approximate methods such as operator splitting, we show that both imaginary-time evolution and diagonalization of the time-independent Hamiltonian produce states that are not exactly stationary in absence of the perturbation. In order to avoid artifacts from these non-stationary initial states, we propose an iterative method for calculating eigenstates of the real-time propagator. We compare the performance of different initial states by simulating ionization of a model atom in a short laser pulse and we demonstrate that much lower noise levels can be achieved with the real-time propagator eigenstates.
2D/1D Z-scheme WO3/g-C3N4 photocatalytic heterojunction with enhanced photo-induced charge-carriers separation
Authors: Li Yang , Lu Yue , Jia Xiaofang , Ma Zhaoyu , Zhang Junying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a photocatalytic semiconductor with great potential for application, whereas, its photocatalytic activity is limited by the high re-combination rate of photo-generated electrons and holes. Here, we load two-dimensional (2D) WO3 nanosheets on the surface of one-dimensional (1D) g-C3N4 porous nanotubes to form a Z-scheme heterojunction. The built-in electric field at the interface of the heterojunction is conducive to promoting electrons transfer from the conduction band of WO3 to the valence band of g-C3N4 and therein combine with the holes. This inhibits electron–hole re-combination in g-C3N4 and WO3, and thus retains the high redox potential of the photo-generated charge-carriers. Therefore, the 2D/1D WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction shows excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production and Rhodamine B degradation activities. Under simulated sunlight, photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the WO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction reaches 7.78 mmol g−1 h−1, 2.7 times that of the single g-C3N4 porous nanotubes.
Establishing non-zero energy currents with the one-way street phenomenon and other symmetry properties in boundary driven spin systems
Authors: de Paula Jr Alberto L , Pereira Emmanuel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is the investigation of properties of the energy current of usual (frequently found in the literature) boundary driven spin systems. For inhomogeneous Heisenberg (XXZ and XXX) spin chains, we numerically compute the steady state, in the absence of an external magnetic field, and confirm the previously shown occurrence of the one-way street phenomenon, precisely, there is a nonzero energy current that preserves its magnitude and direction as we invert the baths at the edges, an effect stronger than the perfect rectification (which means current in a direction and zero current as we invert the baths). The consideration of several different polarizations at the edges reestablishes that it is a ubiquitous phenomenon. And, even for these inhomogeneous versions of spin chains, we also establish, by analytical methods, other symmetry properties of the energy current and confirm them by numerical computations.
Molecular dynamics study on the contribution of anisotropic phonon transmission to thermal conductivity of silicon
Authors: Cheng Chao , Wang Shaoqing 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The analysis of the contribution of anisotropic phonon transmission to thermal conductivity is helpful to focus on high-energy phonons in heat transport. We calculated a series of anharmonic phonon properties and heat transport properties of Si by Fourier projection method from atomic trajectories. Under this theoretical scheme, we have obtained very consistent results with the experimental data through very low computational cost, especially the anharmonic phonon properties at high temperature. We carefully analyze the contribution of different phonons to thermal conductivity and the anisotropic feature of phonon. It is found that the longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons have the special thermal broadening near the point L at the boundary of the Brillouin zone. The optical phonons cannot be safely ignored in the study of heat transport, especially the longitudinal optical phonon that shows a large contribution to thermal conductivity at room temperature. The thermal conductivity contribution of different phonons varies with temperature. The anisotropic features of the contribution of different phonons to thermal conductivity are mainly reflected in the short-wavelength phonons. Our work explains the reason why other research works have different opinions on whether LA phonon is the main contributor of thermal conductivity. These investigations also provide insights for further understanding phonon heat transport and distribution of high-energy phonons.
Preparation of mango peel-waste pectin-based nanofibers by solution blow spinning (SBS)
Authors: Martin Alvin Mar V , Flores Dharyl C , Siacor Francis Dave C , Taboada Evelyn B , Tan Noel Peter B 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An essential prerequisite for successful solution blow spinning (SBS) is the presence of effective molecular entanglements of polymers in the solution. However, the fabrication of biopolymer fibers is not as straightforward as synthetic polymers. Particularly for biopolymers such as pectin, molecular entanglements are essential but insufficient for successful spinning through the SBS production method. Such a challenge is due to the biopolymer’s complex nature. However, incorporating an easily spinnable polymer precursor, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), to pectin effectively enabled the production of fibers from the SBS process. In this process, PAN-assisted pectin nanofibers are produced with average diameters ranging from 410.75 ± 3.73 to 477.09 ± 6.60 nm using a feed flow rate of 5 ml h−1, air pressure of 3 bars, syringe tip to collector distance at 30 cm, and spinning time of 10 min. PAN in DMSO solvent at different volume ratios (i.e. 35%–55% v/v) was critical in assisting pectin to produce nanofibers. The addition of a high molecular weight polymer, PAN, to pectin also improved the viscoelasticity of the solution, eventually contributing to its successful SBS process. Furthermore, the composite SBS-spun fibers obtained suggest that its formation is concentration-dependent.