bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter microstructure and sleep-wake disturbances in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis
Authors: Rasmussen Jesper Ø. , Nordholm Dorte , Glenthøj Louise B. , Jensen Marie A. , Garde Anne H. , Ragahava Jayachandra M. , Jennum Poul J. , Glenthøj Birte Y. , Nordentoft Merete , Baandrup Lone , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Kristensen Tina D. 
Published: October 2022

AimWhite matter changes in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) may be involved in the transition to psychosis. Sleep-wake disturbances commonly precede the first psychotic episode and predict development of psychosis. We examined associations between white matter microstructure and sleep-wake disturbances in UHR individuals compared to healthy controls (HC), as well as explored the confounding effect of medication, substance use, and level of psychopathology.MethodsSixty-four UHR individuals and 35 HC underwent clinical interviews and diffusion weighted imaging. Group differences on global and callosal mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was tested using general linear modeling. Sleep-wake disturbances were evaluated using the subjective measures disturbed sleep index (DSI) and disturbed awakening index (AWI) from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire, supported by objective sleep measures from one-night actigraphy. The primary analyses comprised partial correlation analyses between global FA/callosal FA and sleep-wake measures. Secondary analyses investigated multivariate patterns of covariance between measures of sleep-wake disturbances and FA in 48 white matter regions of interest using partial least square correlations.ResultsUltra-high risk for psychosis individuals displayed lower global FA (F = 14.56, p &lt; 0.001) and lower callosal FA (F = 11.34, p = 0.001) compared to HC. Subjective sleep-wake disturbances were significantly higher among the UHR individuals (DSI: F = 27.59, p &lt; 0.001, AWI: F = 36.42, p &lt; 0.001). Lower callosal FA was correlated with increased wake after sleep onset (r = −0.34, p = 0.011) and increased sleep fragmentation index (r = −0.31, p = 0.019) in UHR individuals. Multivariate analyses identified a pattern of covariance in regional FA which were associated with DSI and AWI in UHR individuals (p = 0.028), but not in HC. Substance use, sleep medication and antipsychotic medication did not significantly confound these associations. The association with objective sleep-wake measures was sustained when controlling for level of depressive and UHR symptoms, but symptom level confounded the covariation between FA and subjective sleep-wake measures in the multivariate analyses.ConclusionCompromised callosal microstructure in UHR individuals was related to objectively observed disruptions in sleep-wake functioning. Lower FA in ventrally located regions was associated with subjectively measured sleep-wake disturbances and was partly explained by psychopathology. These findings call for further investigation of sleep disturbances as a potential treatment target.
Antidiabetic activity of Solanum torvum fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Satyanarayana Namani , Chinni Suresh V. , Gobinath Ramachawolran , Sunitha Paripelli , Uma Sankar Akula , Muthuvenkatachalam Bala Sundaram 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSolanum torvumSwartz, a medicinal plant belonging to the family Solanaceae, is an important medicinal plant widely distributed throughout the world and used as medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, tooth decay, and reproductive problems in traditional systems of medicine around the world including Malaysia. The objective of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic, antilipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities, histopathology of the pancreas, and specific glucose regulating gene expression of the ethanolic extract ofS. torvumfruit in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats.Materials and methodsAcute toxicity study was done according to OECD-423 guidelines. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Experimental diabetic rats were divided into six different groups; normal, diabetic control, and glibenclamide at 6 mg/kg body weight, and the other three groups of animals were treated with oral administration of ethanolic extract ofS. torvumfruit at 120, 160, and 200 mg/kg for 28 days. The effect of ethanolic extract ofS. torvumfruit on body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, histopathology of pancreas, and gene expression of glucose transporter 2 (slc2a2), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) was determined by RT-PCR.ResultsAcute toxicity studies showed LD50of ethanolic extract ofS. torvumfruit to be at the dose of 1600 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins, serum alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly reduced, whereas high-density lipoproteins were significantly increased inS. torvumfruit (200 mg/kg)-treated rats. Histopathological study of the pancreas showed an increase in number, size, and regeneration of β-cell of islets of Langerhans. Gene expression studies revealed the lower expression ofslc2a2andPCK1in treated animals when compared to diabetic control.ConclusionEthanolic extract ofS. torvumfruits showed hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activity in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Histopathological studies revealed regeneration of β cells of islets of Langerhans. Gene expression studies indicated lower expression ofslc2a2andPCK1in treated animals when compared to diabetic control, indicating that the treated animals prefer the gluconeogenesis pathway.
Prediction of single pulmonary nodule growth by CT radiomics and clinical features — a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Yang Ran , Hui Dongming , Li Xing , Wang Kun , Li Caiyong , Li Zhichao 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundWith the development of imaging technology, an increasing number of pulmonary nodules have been found. Some pulmonary nodules may gradually grow and develop into lung cancer, while others may remain stable for many years. Accurately predicting the growth of pulmonary nodules in advance is of great clinical significance for early treatment. The purpose of this study was to establish a predictive model using radiomics and to study its value in predicting the growth of pulmonary nodules.Materials and methodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 228 pulmonary nodules in 228 subjects were included in the study. During the one-year follow-up, 69 nodules grew larger, and 159 nodules remained stable. All the nodules were randomly divided into the training group and validation group in a proportion of 7:3. For the training data set, the t test, Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to analyze the sex, age and nodule location of the growth group and stable group. Two radiologists independently delineated the ROIs of the nodules to extract the radiomics characteristics using Pyradiomics. After dimension reduction by the LASSO algorithm, logistic regression analysis was performed on age and ten selected radiological features, and a prediction model was established and tested in the validation group. SVM, RF, MLP and AdaBoost models were also established, and the prediction effect was evaluated by ROC analysis.ResultsThere was a significant difference in age between the growth group and the stable group (P &lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference in sex or nodule location (P &gt; 0.05). The interclass correlation coefficients between the two observers were &gt; 0.75. After dimension reduction by the LASSO algorithm, ten radiomic features were selected, including two shape-based features, one gray-level-cooccurence-matrix (GLCM), one first-order feature, one gray-level-run-length-matrix (GLRLM), three gray-level-dependence-matrix (GLDM) and two gray-level-size-zone-matrix (GLSZM). The logistic regression model combining age and radiomics features achieved an AUC of 0.87 and an accuracy of 0.82 in the training group and an AUC of 0.82 and an accuracy of 0.84 in the verification group for the prediction of nodule growth. For nonlinear models, in the training group, the AUCs of the SVM, RF, MLP and boost models were 0.95, 1.0, 1.0 and 1.0, respectively. In the validation group, the AUCs of the SVM, RF, MLP and boost models were 0.81, 0.77, 0.81, and 0.71, respectively.ConclusionsIn this study, we established several machine learning models that can successfully predict the growth of pulmonary nodules within one year. The logistic regression model combining age and imaging parameters has the best accuracy and generalization. This model is very helpful for the early treatment of pulmonary nodules and has important clinical significance.
How cancer patients get fake cancer information: From TV to YouTube, a qualitative study focusing on fenbendazole scandle
Authors: Kim Jee Hyun , Oh Kyoung Hee , Shin Hye Young , Jun Jae Kwan 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundKorean society has faced challenges in communicating with cancer patients about false information related to complementary alternative medicine. As the situation has become severe with the 2020 fenbendazole scandal, the demand for reliable information from health authorities has increased.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine patients’ acquisition patterns and perception of false information by presenting empirical evidence to help health authorities enable effective preemptive responses in the cancer communication context.MethodWe conducted a focus group interview with 21 lung cancer patients who were informed about fenbendazole based on a semi-structured questionnaire with three categories: 1) acquisition channel of the general cancer information and the false information, 2) quality of obtained information, and 3) perception toward it. The interviewees, comprising 13 men and eight women, were aged 50 or older. Participants’ current stages of cancer were stages one, three, and four and there were seven people in each stage.Results1) Acquisition channel: Participants had their first encounter with false information through the TV, while the channels to obtain general cancer information were through Internet communities or portal sites. YouTube was a second channel to actively search for information regardless of the information type. 2) Information quality: participants had only fragmented information through media. 3) Perception: Most patients had a negative attitude toward complementary and alternative medicine information such as fenbendazole. They perceive that it needs to be verified by experts and filtered according to their arbitrary criteria. They had vague expectations based on a hope for “what if” at the same time.ConclusionsDespite the complex media environment, traditional or legacy media is an important channel to encounter information. YouTube is independent of other media as an “active” information-seeking channel. Patients required the appropriate intervention of experts and governments because they perceived that they had obtained irrational and unreliable information from the media. Suggestions are made about how health authorities can construct an effective communication system focusing on the user to prevent patients from getting false cancer information.
Ginsenoside Rc attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, intestinal inflammatory, and barrier function by activating the farnesoid X receptor
Authors: Tang Kaijia , Kong Danli , Peng Yuan , Guo Jingyi , Zhong Yadi , Yu Haibing , Mai Zhenhua , Chen Yanling , Chen Yingjian , Cui Tianqi , Duan Siwei , Li Tianyao , Liu Naihua , Zhang Dong , Ding Yuanlin , Huang Jiawen 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation is involved in ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC), and inflammatory regulation may be involved in its mechanism. Ginsenoside Rc (Rc) is a major component of Panax ginseng, and it plays an excellent role in the anti-inflammatory processes. Our aim is to explore the alleviative effect of Rc on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation and deficiencies in barrier function based on FXR signaling.Materials and Methods:In vitro, we treated human intestinal epithelial cell lines (LS174T) with LPS to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of Rc supplementation. In vivo, a DSS-induced IBD mice model was established, and the changes in inflammatory and barrier function in colons after Rc treatment were measured using the disease activity index (DAI), hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and qPCR. Molecular docking analysis, luciferase reporter gene assay, and qPCR were then used to analyze the binding targets of Rc. DSS-induced FXR-knockout (FXR−/-) mice were used for further validation.Results: Rc significantly recovered the abnormal levels of inflammation indexes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-KB) induced by LPS in LS174T. DSS-induced C57BL/6 mice exhibited a significantly decreased body weight and elevated DAI, as well as a decrease in colon weight and length. Increased inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, ICAM1, NF-KB, F4/80, and CD11b displayed an increased expression) and damaged barrier function (Claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 displayed a decreased expression) were observed in DSS-induced C57BL/6 mice. Nevertheless, supplementation with Rc mitigated the increased inflammatory and damaged barrier function associated with DSS. Further evaluation revealed an activation of FXR signaling in Rc-treated LS174T, with FXR, BSEP, and SHP found to be upregulated. Furthermore, molecular docking indicated that there is a clear interaction between Rc and FXR, while Rc activated transcriptional expression of FXR in luciferase reporter gene assay. However, these reversal abilities of Rc were not observed in DSS-induced FXR−/- mice.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rc may ameliorate inflammation and barrier function in the intestine, which in turn leads to the attenuation of DSS-induced UC, in which Rc may potentially activate FXR signaling to protect the intestines from DSS-induced injury.
Extract of Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll. Arg. increased prefrontal cortex dendritic spine density and serotonin and attenuated para-chlorophenylalanine-aggravated aggressive and depressive behaviors in mice
Authors: Kukuia Kennedy K.E. , Appiah Frimpong , Dugbartey George J. , Takyi Yaw F. , Amoateng Patrick , Amponsah Seth K. , Adi-Dako Ofosua , Koomson Awo E. , Ayertey Frederick , Adutwum-Ofosu Kevin K. 
Published: October 2022

Background/Aim:Depression-related aggression is linked to serotonin (5-HT) and dendritic spine alterations. AlthoughMallotus oppositifoliusextract (MOE) has potential for reducing this effect, its specific role remains uncertain. Herein, we evaluated this potential and associated alterations in the brain.Methods:A standard resident-intruder model ofpara-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA)-induced depression-associated aggression in male ICR mice was used. The resident mice receivedpCPA (300 mg/kg, i. p.) for 3 consecutive days while saline-treated mice served as negative control. ThepCPA aggressive mice were subsequently treated orally with either MOE (30, 100, 300 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), tryptophan (20 mg/kg) or saline (untreatedpCPA group) for 28 days. Locomotor activity was assessed using open field test. Serotonin (5-HT) levels in mice brain and phytochemical fingerprint of MOE were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify constituents of MOE. Dendritic spine density and morphology were evaluated using Golgi-Cox staining technique and analyzed with ImageJ and Reconstruct software.Results:Administration ofpCPA induced aggressive behavior in mice, evidenced by increased attack behaviors (increased number and duration of attacks), which positively correlated with squeaking and tail rattling. MOE treatment significantly reduced these characteristics of aggression in comparison with vehicle (non-aggressive) and untreatedpCPA groups (p&lt; 0.001), and also reduced social exploration behavior. Although the behavioral effects of MOE were comparable to those of fluoxetine and tryptophan, these effects were quicker compared to fluoxetine and tryptophan. Additionally, MOE also markedly increased 5-HT concentration and dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex relative to vehicle and untreatedpCPA groups (p&lt; 0.05). Interestingly, these behavioral effects were produced without compromising locomotor activity. GC-MS analysis of the MOE identified 17 known compounds from different chemical classes with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective and antidepressant activities, which may have contributed to its anti-aggressive effect.Conclusion:MOE decreased depression-associated aggressive behavior in miceviaincreased 5-HT concentration and dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex. The MOE-mediated effects were faster than those of fluoxetine and tryptophan. Our finding suggests that MOE may have clinical promise in decreasing aggressive and depressive behaviors.
Dose caffeinated energy drink is a consideration issue for endurance performance
Authors: Wang Jie-Ping , Wei Chen-Chan , Peng Yun-Dong , Wang Hsuan-Yun , Hung Chi-Hsiang , Hong Yin-Hui , Liou Yuh-Feng , Hou Chien-Wen 
Published: October 2022

Caffeinated energy drinks are commonly taken to improve exercise performance, but there are few studies on the influence of different doses on an athlete’s performance. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, counter-balanced, and crossover research study to examine the effects of low caffeinated energy drink (Low ED) or high caffeinated energy drink (High ED) supplement on the performance, haematological response, and oxidative stress in triathletes. Twelve male participants underwent three testing sessions separated by weekly intervals, consisting of sprint triathlon training (0.75 km swim, 20 km cycle, and 5 km run). Before and during the trials, participants were randomly provided with either placebo (PLA) group, Low ED group, or High ED group. Exercise performance in the High ED group decreased significantly compared with the PLA and Low ED groups (p &lt; 0.05). However, participants in the Low ED group also experienced an improved performance (p = 0.054). Analysis of variance revealed no differences among the three groups in cortisol and testosterone levels, or the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion score (p &gt; 0.5). Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) was reduced with exercise and were lowest in the High ED group. However, compared with PLA, a significant decrease of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was observed in Low ED and High ED groups (p &lt; 0.05). This indicates that caffeinated energy drink consumption may improve performance and reduce oxidative stress in sprint triathlon athletes. However, individual differences should be considered when supplementing with caffeinated energy drinks to decrease side effects.
Population dynamics of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in single aphid-transmitted sub-isolates of the South African GFMS12 isolate
Authors: Biswas K. K. , Keremane M. L. , Marais L. J. , Ramadugu C. , Lee R. F. 
Published: October 2022

Grapefruit trees in South Africa have been cross protected against severe stem pitting genotypes of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) since the 1920s using a mild strain initially called ‘Nartia’ but later referred to as grapefruit mild strain 12 (GFMS12). In the current study, the GFMS12 isolate was used as the source for single aphid transmissions (SAT) using Toxoptera citricida, commonly called the brown citrus aphid (BrCA). The BrCA-transmitted CTV sub-isolates were analyzed by the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA), serological assays, genetic marker analysis (GMA), and selected sub-isolates were biologically indexed. Reverse transcription PCR of genomic regions was conducted using universal primers followed by cloning the PCR products, HMA and sequence analysis; nine genotypes of CTV were identified in the complex of GFMS12, including both severe and mild genotypes. A single BrCA transmitted up to six CTV genotypes simultaneously in one sub-isolate. The HMA was found to be a rapid, reliable tool for the identification of genotypes and can be useful in the development of CTV management strategies and budwood certification programs.
Mitigation of salt stress on low temperature in bermudagrass: resistance and forage quality
Authors: Zhou Xiuwen , Yin Yanling , Wang Guangyang , Amombo Erick , Li Xiaoning , Xue Ying , Fu Jinmin 
Published: October 2022

Climate change causes plants encountering several abiotic stresses simultaneously. Responses of plants to a single stress has been comprehensively studied, but it is hard to speculated infer the effects of stress combination based on these researches. Here, the response mechanism of bermudagrass to low temperature and salt treatment was investigated in this study. The results showed that low temperature (LT) treatment decreased the relative growth rate, chlorophyll fluorescence transient curve, biomass, and crude fat content of bermudagrass, whereas low temperature + salt (LT+S) treatment greatly undermined these declines. Furthermore, at 6 h and 17 d, the expression levels of glyoxalase I (GLYI), Cu-Zn/superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn/SOD), peroxidase 2 (POD2), and oxidative enzyme 1(CAT1) in roots were considerably higher in the low temperature + salt treatment than in the low temperature treatment. Low temperature stress is more detrimental to bermudagrass, but mild salt addition can mitigate the damage by enhancing photosynthesis and improving the expression of antioxidant system genes (Cu-Zn/SOD, POD2 and CAT1) and glyoxalase system GLYI gene in roots. This study summarized the probable interaction mechanism of low temperature and salt stress on bermudagrass, which can provide beneficial reference for the growth of fodder in cold regions.
Genetic dissection of branch architecture in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) germplasm
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Kaixuan , An Tanzhou , Tian Ze , Dun Xiaoling , Shi Jiaqin , Wang Xinfa , Deng Jinwu , Wang Hanzhong 
Published: October 2022

Branch architecture is an important factor influencing rapeseed planting density, mechanized harvest, and yield. However, its related genes and regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, branch angle (BA) and branch dispersion degree (BD) were used to evaluate branch architecture. Branch angle exhibited a dynamic change from an increase in the early stage to a gradual decrease until reaching a stable state. Cytological analysis showed that BA variation was mainly due to xylem size differences in the vascular bundle of the branch junction. The phenotypic analysis of 327 natural accessions revealed that BA in six environments ranged from 24.3° to 67.9°, and that BD in three environments varied from 4.20 cm to 21.4 cm, respectively. A total of 115 significant loci were detected through association mapping in three models (MLM, mrMLM, and FarmCPU), which explained 0.53%-19.4% of the phenotypic variations. Of them, 10 loci were repeatedly detected in different environments and models, one of which qBAD.A03-2 was verified as a stable QTL using a secondary segregation population. Totally, 1066 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between branch adaxial- and abaxial- sides from four extremely large or small BA/BD accessions through RNA sequencing. These DEGs were significantly enriched in the pathways related to auxin biosynthesis and transport as well as cell extension such as indole alkaloid biosynthesis, other glycan degradation, and fatty acid elongation. Four known candidate genes BnaA02g16500D (PIN1), BnaA03g10430D (PIN2), BnaC03g06250D (LAZY1), and BnaC06g20640D (ARF17) were identified by both GWAS and RNA-seq, all of which were involved in regulating the asymmetric distribution of auxins. Our identified association loci and candidate genes provide a theoretical basis for further study of gene cloning and genetic improvement of branch architecture.