bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing health disparities through understanding the lived experiences of women living with HIV regarding intimate relationship power and reproductive decision‐making
Authors: Eruotor Shaheerah N. , Letvak Susan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSignificant health disparities exist in both infection rates and outcomes for those with HIV, 19% of whom are women, the majority in their reproductive years of life and African American. Utilizing Husserlian phenomenological methodology, the purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of women living with HIV and their reproductive decision making, as well as the power dynamics within their relationship and if or how these dynamics shape their reproductive decision‐making. Data from in‐depth interviews from nine participants were analyzed utilizing The Listening Guide. Three major themes emerged: I Have My Tribe; I Have the Power; and I am HIV‐Positive, but I am Normal, and I am Informed. Although these women experienced personal betrayals and stigma, they were still capable of disclosing their HIV status to their significant others, demonstrating personal power which led to positive power dynamics between the women and their partners especially in terms of sexual and reproductive decision‐making. Efforts must continue to support HIV‐positive women in retaining their personal power if we are to reduce health disparities.
Cross‐boundary collaboration and knowledge creation in an online higher education course
Authors: Vartiainen Henriikka , Vuojärvi Hanna , Saramäki Kaija , Eriksson Miikka , Ratinen Ilkka , Torssonen Piritta , Vanninen Petteri , Pöllänen Sinikka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigated an international, inter‐university and multidisciplinary online course with the aim of helping higher education students develop competencies for solving complex problems in collaboration with their peers and stakeholders. The course design was informed by the knowledge creation framework and ideas about cross‐boundary collaboration. We attempted to enrich perspectives on knowledge creation by investigating how higher education students (N = 42) from different fields of study and from 17 different nationalities perceived, built and regulated cross‐boundary collaboration in the pursuit of real‐life problems presented by companies or non‐governmental organisations. Drawing on data from 11 in‐depth group interviews and team reports of students who had completed this course, we showed the kinds of activities the students considered relevant for cross‐boundary collaboration and knowledge creation online. Given this extended context for knowledge creation, the study contributes to the pedagogical development of online learning in higher education.
The benefits of virtual learning webinars to both low‐ and high‐income countries
Authors: Ng Michael , Chamileke Nkomba , Mapulanga Victor , Campain Nicholas , Payne Stephen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has brought about many changes in the relationships between high‐income countries and partner organisations in low‐ or low–middle‐income countries, such as predominate in sub‐Saharan Africa. Medicine, surgery and in particular urology is no exception to the changes that COVID‐19 has demanded. Urolink represents the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) on the global urology stage and has been deleteriously impacted by the pandemic. Education, one of the pillars of Urolink’s founding philosophies, has conventionally been delivered by face‐to face teaching, training, or mentoring by UK urologists at their host’s site outside of the UK. As a consequence of the inability to travel due to the pandemic, BAUS Urolink has evolved a virtual on‐line webinar package evolved by, and delivered between, urologists in Lusaka, Zambia, and various centres in the UK. The aim was to deliver curricular‐based educational topics to trainees in both countries. This programme has generated a number of live webinars and archived recordings during the pandemic that has proven accessible and educationally acceptable to trainees in the UK and Zambia. This webinar series has also generated relationships between young urologists on different continents, given each a different view of healthcare delivery outside of their country of origin at no appreciable cost, and would appear to be an educational mechanism that is durable for, and applicable to, a wider participation in the post‐pandemic world.
Olfactory camouflage and communication in birds
Authors: Grieves Leanne A. , Gilles Marc , Cuthill Innes C. , Székely Tamás , MacDougall‐Shackleton Elizabeth A. , Caspers Barbara A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTSmell is a sensory modality that is rarely considered in birds, but evidence is mounting that olfaction is an important aspect of avian behaviour and ecology. The uropygial gland produces an odoriferous secretion (preen oil) that can differ seasonally and between the sexes. These differences are hypothesized to function in olfactory camouflage, i.e. minimizing detection by nest predators (olfactory crypsis hypothesis), and/or intraspecific olfactory communication, particularly during breeding (sex semiochemical hypothesis). However, evidence for seasonal and sex differences in preen oil is mixed, with some studies finding differences and others not, and direct evidence for the putative function(s) of seasonal variation and sex differences in preen oil remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence for such changes in preen oil chemical composition, finding seasonal differences in 95% of species (57/60 species in 35 studies) and sex differences in 47% of species (28/59 species in 46 studies). We then conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses using data from 59 bird species to evaluate evidence for both the olfactory crypsis and sex semiochemical hypotheses. Seasonal differences were more likely in the incubating than non‐incubating sex in ground‐nesting species, but were equally likely regardless of incubation strategy in non‐ground‐nesting species. This result supports the olfactory crypsis hypothesis, if ground nesters are more vulnerable to olfactorily searching predators than non‐ground nesters. Sex differences were more likely in species with uniparental than biparental incubation and during breeding than non‐breeding, consistent with both the olfactory crypsis and sex semiochemical hypotheses. At present, the data do not allow us to disentangle these two hypotheses, but we provide recommendations that will enable researchers to do so.
Writing for digital news about HIV criminalization in canada
Authors: Hastings Colin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor years, HIV activists in Canada have expressed serious concerns about the stigmatizing and sensational way that HIV criminalization is portrayed in the mainstream press. Discourse analyses of the content of news stories about HIV criminalization confirm that news reports of HIV criminal cases rely on sensational language and reproduce negative stereotypes of people living with HIV. This paper contributes to social justice scholarship in the area by building upon studies of news content to uncover how news reports of HIV criminalization are produced in the first place. Through institutional ethnographic interviews with journalists who produce news stories about HIV criminalization, this study brings into view that conditions of convergence journalism make it exceedingly difficult for reporters to disrupt the genre of crime stories about HIV criminalization in which stigmatizing discourses proliferate.
“They're Not True Humans:” Beliefs about Moral Character Drive Denials of Humanity
Authors: Phillips Ben 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA puzzling feature of paradigmatic cases of dehumanization is that the perpetrators often attribute uniquely human traits to their victims. This has become known as the “paradox of dehumanization.” I address the paradox by arguing that the perpetrators think about their victims as human in one sense, while denying that they are human in another sense. I do so by providing evidence that people harbor a dual character concept of humanity. Research has found that dual character concepts have two independent sets of criteria for their application, one of which is descriptive and one of which is normative. Four experiments provided evidence that people deploy a descriptive criterion according to which being human is a matter of being a Homo sapiens; as well as a normative criterion according to which being human is a matter of possessing a deep‐seated commitment to do the morally right thing. Importantly, I found that people are willing to affirm that someone is human in the descriptive sense, while denying that they are human in the normative sense, and vice versa. In addition to providing a solution to the paradox of dehumanization, these findings suggest that perceptions of moral character have a central role to play in driving dehumanization.
Prognostic value of copeptin and mid‐regional proadrenomedullin in COVID‐19‐hospitalized patients
Authors: Indirli Rita , Bandera Alessandra , Valenti Luca , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Di Modugno Adriana , Tettamanti Mauro , Gualtierotti Roberta , Peyvandi Flora , Montano Nicola , Blasi Francesco , Costantino Giorgio , Resi Veronica , Orsi Emanuela , Arosio Maura , Mantovani Giovanna , Ferrante Emanuele ,   the COVID‐19 Network Working Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiomarkers are used for diagnosis, risk stratification and medical decisions. Copeptin and mid‐regional proadrenomedullin (MR‐proADM) are markers of stress and endothelial function, respectively, which have been studied in pneumonia, sepsis and septic shock. This study aimed to assess whether copeptin and MR‐proADM could predict coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in‐hospital outcomes, that is multi‐system complications, length of stay and mortality.MethodsCopeptin and MR‐proADM were assessed at admission in 116 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Data were retrospectively extracted from an online database. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality. The secondary endpoints were in‐hospital complications, the composite outcome ‘death, or admission to intensive care unit, or in‐hospital complications’, and length of stay. The predictive power was expressed as area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsCopeptin was increased in non‐survivors (median 29.7 [interquartile range 13.0–106.2] pmol/L) compared to survivors (10.9 [5.9–25.3] pmol/L, p < 0.01). The AUROC for mortality was 0.71, with a hazard ratio of 3.67 (p < 0.01) for copeptin values > 25.3 pmol/L. MR‐proADM differentiated survivors (0.8 [0.6–1.1] nmol/L) from non‐survivors (1.5 [1.1–2.8] nmol/L, p < 0.001) and yielded a AUROC of 0.79 and a hazard ratio of 7.02 (p < 0.001) for MR‐proADM values > 1.0 nmol/L. Copeptin and MR‐proADM predicted sepsis (AUROC 0.95 and 0.96 respectively), acute kidney injury (0.87 and 0.90), the composite outcome (0.69 and 0.75) and length of stay (r = 0.42, p < 0.001, and r = 0.46, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAdmission MR‐proADM and copeptin may be implemented for early risk stratification in COVID‐19‐hospitalized patients to help identify those eligible for closer monitoring and care intensification.
PROMIS Pediatric Psychological Stress Measure: Validity for immigrant Latino youth
Authors: Sahbaz Sumeyra , Cox Ronald B. , Lin Hua , Washburn Isaac J. , Greder Kimberly A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study assesses the psychometric properties of the four‐ and eight‐item versions of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Psychological Stress Measure (PPSM) for use with Latino immigrant adolescents.BackgroundImmigrant Latino youth are exposed to numerous stressors that can have consequences affecting health well into adulthood. However, few studies have assessed the suitability of psychosocial measures for this group.MethodsParticipants included 286 first‐ and second‐generation immigrant Latino youth in middle school in an urban school district in the United States. Analyses included tests for reliability, validity, item characteristics, and measurement invariance across differing levels of acculturation and gender groups.ResultsBoth the four‐ and the eight‐item PPSM are internally consistent, have strong construct validity, and strict factorial invariance across differing levels of acculturation. The four‐item PPSM demonstrates strict invariance, but the eight‐item version shows only configural invariance by gender.ConclusionThe PPSM is a rigorous measure when assessing immigrant Latino youth stress level. The four‐item PPSM is brief, simple to administer, and appropriate for use with Latino youth across differing levels of acculturation and gender groups.ImplicationsThe four‐item PPSM lessens respondent fatigue and may be incorporated into tools practitioners and researchers use to assess perceived stress among immigrant Latino youth.
Beyond the Realistic‐Ethical Distinction in Deification: Reconsidering Norman Russell’s Assessment of Gregory of Nyssa
Authors: Lee Chungman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe notion of deification (θεοποίησις) or divinization (θέωσις), a fundamental theme in Eastern Orthodox theology, has long fascinated theologians from different traditions. In spite of the general interest in this theme, scholarship has fallen short on several accounts. One issue is that the intrinsic relationship between the ‘realistic’ and ‘ethical’ senses of deification has defied clear explanation. This failure is exemplified by Norman Russell’s The Doctrine of Deification in the Greek Patristic Tradition (2004), where the obscured relationship also yields an inaccurate assessment of Gregory’s theology. Revisiting Gregory’s notion of deification, this article proposes a new account for the intrinsic relationship between the ‘realistic’ and ‘ethical’ senses of deification, and suggests a revision of Russell’s reading of Gregory.
Abnormal dielectric relaxations and giant permittivity in SrTiO3 ceramic prepared by plasma activated sintering
Authors: He Zichen , Cao Minghe , Furman Eugene , Lanagan Michael T. , Hao Hua , Yao Zhonghua , Yu Zhiyong , Liu Hanxing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, the dielectric properties of SrTiO3 ceramics prepared by plasma‐activated sintering (PAS) were investigated. One of the striking findings is that the material exhibits giant room temperature permittivity (k∼3.5 × 104) and low dielectric loss (∼0.05) at 1 kHz, with the permittivity exceeding that of the conventionally prepared SrTiO3（ST） ceramics (k∼300) by two orders of magnitude. The enhancement of the polarizability was caused by the high concentration of defect dipoles. In this paper, two dielectric relaxation modes of the PAS ceramics below 0°C have been mainly discussed. One dielectric relaxation mode showed higher activation energy than that of the dielectric peak in the same temperature range for the conventional SrTiO3‐based ceramics. This mode was sensitive to humidity, and the strength of this mode was associated with the oxygen vacancies concentration in the ceramics. The other mode exhibited abnormal slowing down of relaxation rate with increasing temperature, which is contrary to the typical dielectric relaxation behavior, and the anomaly persisted over a narrow temperature range. Both modes were observed at the same interface between the grain and grain boundaries.
Germline variant testing in serrated polyposis syndrome
Authors: Murphy Aisling , Solomons Joyce , Risby Peter , Gabriel Jessica , Bedenham Tina , Johnson Michael , Atkinson Nathan , Bailey Adam A , Bird‐Lieberman Elizabeth , Leedham Simon J , East James E , Biswas Sujata 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSerrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is now known to be the commonest polyposis syndrome. Previous analyses for germline variants have shown no consistent positive findings. To exclude other polyposis syndromes, 2019 British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines advise gene panel testing if the patient is under 50 years, there are multiple affected individuals within a family, or there is dysplasia within any of the polyps.MethodsA database of SPS patients was established at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Patients were referred for genetic assessment based on personal and family history and patient preference. The majority were tested for a hereditary colorectal cancer panel including MUTYH, APC, PTEN, SMAD4, BMPR1A, STK11, NTLH1, POLD1, POLE, GREM1 (40‐kb duplication), PMS2, and Lynch syndrome mismatch repair genes.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐three patients were diagnosed with SPS based on World Health Organization 2019 criteria between February 2010 and December 2020. The mean age of diagnosis was 54.2 ± 16.8 years. Seventy‐three patients underwent genetic testing and 15/73 (20.5%) were found to have germline variants, of which 7/73 (9.6%) had a pathogenic variant (MUTYH n = 2, SMAD4 n = 1, CHEK2 n = 2, POLD1 n = 1, and RNF43 n = 1). Only 60% (9/15) of these patients would have been recommended for gene panel testing according to current BSG guidelines.ConclusionsA total of 20.5% of SPS patients tested were affected by heterozygous germline variants, including previously unreported associations with CHEK2 and POLD1. This led to a change in management in seven patients (9.6%). Current recommendations may miss SPS associated with germline variants, which is more common than previously anticipated.
A bibliometric analysis of nursing and midwifery research in the Caribbean
Authors: Kahwa Eulalia , Dodd Adam , Conklin Jamie L. , Woods Giscombe Cheryl , Leak Bryant Ashley , Munroe Dawn , Henry Ferguson Verona , Gordon Singh Sheryon , Lynch Monique , Bolton Audra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the research output of Caribbean nurses and midwives.MethodsWe searched the Scopus database to identify publications by Caribbean nurses and midwives during the period 2000–2020. Publications were included in the analysis if they had at least one author who was either a nurse or midwife and affiliated with a Caribbean geographic location. All publication types and languages were included in the analysis. Organization analysis and collaboration networks were created using the VOS Viewer application.FindingsThe number of Scopus publications by Caribbean nurses and midwives progressively grew from 22 in 2000 to 584 in 2020. Cuba recorded the highest number of nursing research publications (319) followed by Jamaica (92), and Puerto Rico (59). Most publishing institutions were universities. The University of the West Indies (Jamaica) ranked highest with 15.2% of publications, followed by Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana with 14.4% of publications, Universidad de Puerto Rico ranked third with 9.8% of publications. The majority of publications (83.6%) were peer reviewed research articles, while review articles accounted for 9.8% of publications. Six out of the ten journals that published most research done by Caribbean nurse researchers were Cuban journals which published a total of n = 250 (75.8%) articles. All six journals had no impact factor and had low cite scores.ConclusionsOur analysis of bibliometric indicators suggest that recent and steady growth in nursing and midwifery research in the Caribbean has had low visibility. Equipping nurses and midwives with the necessary knowledge and skills to lead, teach, and conduct high quality research through doctorate level education is an imperative for increasing research productivity among Caribbean nurses and midwives.Clinical relevanceNursing and midwifery research is critical for evidence‐based nursing and midwifery practice. High quality and context specific research evidence will enable Caribbean nurses and midwives to provide quality and culturally sensitive nursing and midwifery care and contribute to evidence informed policy decisions.
Regulation of Charlatans in High‐Skill Professions
Authors: BERK JONATHAN B. , VAN BINSBERGEN JULES H. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe model a market for a skill in short supply and high demand, where the presence of charlatans (professionals who sell a service they do not deliver on) is an equilibrium outcome. In the model, reducing the number of charlatans through regulation lowers consumer surplus because of the resulting reduction in competition among producers. Producers can benefit from this reduction, potentially explaining the regulation we observe. The effect on total surplus depends on the type of regulation. We derive the factors that drive the cross‐sectional variation in charlatans (regulation) across professions.
Did the COVID‐19 pandemic affect mental health, training progression, and fertility planning of obstetrics and gynecology trainees? A survey of London trainees
Authors: Gunasekera Ayanthi , Berg Lauren , Sekar Hashviniya , Patra‐Das Sayantana , Clarke Sonji , Yoong Wai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurpose of StudyTo assess impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on mental wellbeing, workload, training progression, and fertility planning among London Obstetrics and Gynecology trainees.DesignAn anonymous survey comprising 41 peer‐validated questions was sent to London trainees. Anxiety and depression were screened using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire 7 (GAD 7) and Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9).ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐seven trainees completed the questionnaire, of whom 54% were aged 25–34 years, 43% were senior trainees (ST6‐7), and 51% classified themselves as Black, Asian, and Minority Asian (BAME). Although the percentage of respondents with “moderate”/“severe” GAD 7 and PHQ‐9 scores was two to three times that of UK population estimates, median GAD 7 and PHQ‐9 scores were 7 and 6 (“mild”). Sixteen percent deferred their fertility plans and 26% of ST6‐7 trainees changed their Advanced Training Skills Modules. Other issues raised ranged from lack of assistance with electronic portfolio, postponement of examinations, poor senior input for mental health, lack of debriefing for redeployed trainees and requests for deferment of annual reviews.ConclusionsThe pandemic has incurred an impact on mental health, training progression, and fertility planning of London trainees. With recommencement of nonemergency consultations and elective gynecology theater, alongside Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Recovery Blueprint to optimize learning opportunities, there is optimism that these challenges can be overcome. Trainers and trainees need to safeguard training opportunities and consider innovative forms of future learning, while anticipating potential effects of subsequent waves.
Gender diversity on Malaysian corporate boards: a law and social movements perspective
Authors: CHEN VIVIEN , WELSH MICHELLE , CHEONG MAY FONG 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article is a unique investigation of the interaction between sociocultural perceptions of women in Malaysia and reforms implemented in that jurisdiction to promote gender diversity on corporate boards. It adopts a law and social movements perspective to better understand the legal reforms that have emerged, often amid fraught interactions between the state and women's rights activists due to their conflicting conceptions of gender roles. The article draws on empirical data to shed light on the practical workings of the reforms, ascertaining the perspective of insiders through interviews and examining the composition of the boards of 30 of the largest listed companies. While an increase in the representation of women on corporate boards suggests that the reforms have facilitated progress towards gender equality, such progress must be viewed in the context of prevalent conservative perceptions of gender roles, and sustained state resistance against women's rights activists, which together impede progress towards substantive equality.