bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of post‐learning alcohol ingestion on human motor memory consolidation
Authors: Hamel Raphael , Demers Olivier , Lepage Jean‐Francois , Bernier Pierre‐Michel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe neurochemical mechanisms underlying motor memory consolidation remain largely unknown. Based on converging work showing that ethyl alcohol retrogradely enhances declarative memory consolidation, this work tested the hypothesis that post‐learning alcohol ingestion would enhance motor memory consolidation. In a within‐subject and fully counterbalanced design, participants (n = 24; 12M; 12F) adapted to a gradually introduced visual deviation and ingested, immediately after adaptation, a placebo (PBO), a medium (MED) or high (HIGH) dose of alcohol. The alcohol doses were bodyweight‐ and gender‐controlled to yield peak breath alcohol concentrations of 0.00% in the PBO, ~0.05% in the MED and ~0.095% in the HIGH condition. Retention was evaluated 24 h later through reach aftereffects when participants were sober. The results revealed that retention levels were neither significantly nor meaningfully different in both the MED and HIGH conditions as compared to PBO (all absolute Cohen's dz values < ~0.2; small to negligible effects), indicating that post‐learning alcohol ingestion did not alter motor memory consolidation. Given alcohol's known pharmacological GABAergic agonist and NMDA antagonist properties, one possibility is that these neurochemical mechanisms do not decisively contribute to motor memory consolidation. As converging work demonstrated alcohol's retrograde enhancement of declarative memory, the present results suggest that distinct neurochemical mechanisms underlie declarative and motor memory consolidation. Elucidating the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the consolidation of different memory systems may yield insights into the effects of over‐the‐counter drugs on everyday learning and memory but also inform the development of pharmacological interventions seeking to alter human memory consolidation.
Post‐fatigue ability to activate muscle is compromised across a wide range of torques during acute hypoxic exposure
Authors: McKeown Daniel J. , McNeil Chris J. , Simmonds Michael J. , Kavanagh Justin J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess how severe acute hypoxia alters the neural mechanisms of muscle activation across a wide range of torque output in a fatigued muscle. Torque and electromyography responses to transcranial and motor nerve stimulation were collected from 10 participants (27 years ± 5 years, 1 female) following repeated performance of a sustained maximal voluntary contraction that reduced torque to 60% of the pre‐fatigue peak torque. Contractions were performed after 2 h of hypoxic exposure and during a sham intervention. For hypoxia, peripheral blood oxygen saturation was titrated to 80% over a 15‐min period and remained at 80% for 2 h. Maximal voluntary torque, electromyography root mean square, voluntary activation and corticospinal excitability (motor evoked potential area) and inhibition (silent period duration) were then assessed at 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 50% and 25% of the target force corresponding to the fatigued maximal voluntary contraction. No hypoxia‐related effects were identified for voluntary activation elicited during motor nerve stimulation. However, during measurements elicited at the level of the motor cortex, voluntary activation was reduced at each torque output considered (P = .002, ηp2 = .829). Hypoxia did not impact the correlative linear relationship between cortical voluntary activation and contraction intensity or the correlative curvilinear relationship between motor nerve voluntary activation and contraction intensity. No other hypoxia‐related effects were identified for other neuromuscular variables. Acute severe hypoxia significantly impairs the ability of the motor cortex to voluntarily activate fatigued muscle across a wide range of torque output.
Action planning modulates the representation of object features in human fronto‐parietal and occipital cortex
Authors: Velji‐Ibrahim Jena , Crawford J. Douglas , Cattaneo Luigi , Monaco Simona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe visual cortex has been extensively studied to investigate its role in object recognition but to a lesser degree to determine how action planning influences the representation of objects' features. We used functional MRI and pattern classification methods to determine if during action planning, object features (orientation and location) could be decoded in an action‐dependent way. Sixteen human participants used their right dominant hand to perform movements (Align or Open reach) towards one of two 3D‐real oriented objects that were simultaneously presented and placed on either side of a fixation cross. While both movements required aiming towards target location, Align but not Open reach movements required participants to precisely adjust hand orientation. Therefore, we hypothesized that if the representation of object features is modulated by the upcoming action, pre‐movement activity pattern would allow more accurate dissociation between object features in Align than Open reach tasks. We found such dissociation in the anterior and posterior parietal cortex, as well as in the dorsal premotor cortex, suggesting that visuomotor processing is modulated by the upcoming task. The early visual cortex showed significant decoding accuracy for the dissociation between object features in the Align but not Open reach task. However, there was no significant difference between the decoding accuracy in the two tasks. These results demonstrate that movement‐specific preparatory signals modulate object representation in the frontal and parietal cortex, and to a lesser extent in the early visual cortex, likely through feedback functional connections.
Distinct stress‐related changes in intrinsic amygdala connectivity predict subsequent positive and negative memory performance
Authors: Ford Jaclyn H. , Kim Sara Y. , Kark Sarah M. , Daley Ryan T. , Payne Jessica D. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExperiencing stress before an event can influence how that event is later remembered. In the current study, we examine how individual differences in one's physiological response to a stressor are related to changes to underlying brain states and memory performance. Specifically, we examined how changes in intrinsic amygdala connectivity relate to positive and negative memory performance as a function of stress response, defined as a change in cortisol. Twenty‐five participants underwent a social stressor before an incidental emotional memory encoding task. Cortisol samples were obtained before and after the stressor to measure individual differences in stress response. Three resting state scans (pre‐stressor, post‐stressor/pre‐encoding and post‐encoding) were conducted to evaluate pre‐ to post‐stressor and pre‐ to post‐encoding changes to intrinsic amygdala connectivity. Analyses examined relations between greater cortisol changes and connectivity changes. Greater cortisol increases were associated with a greater decrease in prefrontal‐amygdala connectivity following the stressor and a reversal in the relation between prefrontal‐amygdala connectivity and negative vs. positive memory performance. Greater cortisol increases were also associated with a greater increase in amygdala connectivity with a number of posterior sensory regions following encoding. Consistent with prior findings in non‐stressed individuals, pre‐ to post‐encoding increases in amygdala‐posterior connectivity were associated with greater negative relative to positive memory performance, although this was specific to lateral rather than medial posterior regions and to participants with the greatest cortisol changes. These findings suggest that stress response is associated with changes in intrinsic connectivity that have downstream effects on the valence of remembered emotional content.
Effect of soil thickness on rainfall infiltration and runoff generation from karst hillslopes during rainstorms
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Hongsong , Fu Zhiyong , Luo Zidong , Wang Fa , Wang Kelin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKnowledge of water movement from the hillslope critical zone is important for water management. However, the runoff process resulting from extreme rainfall events remains unclear due to rare field‐based natural monitoring data. We investigated rainwater infiltration and runoff generation processes in two plots with deep and relatively shallow soil thicknesses (66 vs. 35 cm depth on average, respectively) on karst hillslopes. Rainwater, soil water and lateral discharge runoff in the soil‐epikarst system were monitored using hydrometric and 18O isotope methods in September 2020, which was the wettest month on record at the study s, including three normal rainfalls (29.6 mm in 8.5 h, 25 mm in 8.5 h, and 27.4 in 3.5 h) and three extreme rainstorms (335 mm in 11.5 h, 77.8 mm in 9 h, and 129.2 mm in 5 h). Soil moisture and water table responded rapidly (<30 min) during the extreme rainfall. However, the soil‐epikarst interface exhibited the strongest stability (coefficient variation [CV] < 8.18%) and collected more pre‐event water, reflected by the isotopic signature of the soil water. Accordingly, low permeability at the soil‐epikarst interface played an important role in buffering rainwater infiltration. Controlled by infiltration‐excess and saturation‐excess runoff mechanisms, the contribution of surface runoff to total discharge was less than 3% during normal rainfall events, which was significantly less than that during extreme rainfall events (13%–60%). This was supported by the evolution of δ18O values of surface runoff that were similar to rainwater and more 18O‐depleted than that of subsurface runoff. Higher rainfall intensity which exceeded soil permeability during extreme rainstorms further increased the possibility of exceeding infiltration‐saturation processes. For the deep soil plot (DSP), surface runoff (>44%) dominated the extreme rainfall process; while for the shallow‐soil plot (SSP), surface runoff (60%) dominated only during the maximum rainfall events. Moreover, the surface runoff contribution to total runoff in DSP was greater than that in SSP. Surface runoff from slopes with thicker soil layers is an important part of karst watershed flood processes in extreme rainfall events, which should be considered carefully for water resource management.Highlights
Hydrometric and isotope methods are used to assess extreme hydrological processes.
The surface runoff of extreme rainfalls is much higher than that of normal rainfall.
The infiltration‐excess mechanism dominates the surface runoff of extreme rainfall.
Slopes with thicker soil layers are more vulnerable to flooding in the karst region.
Incidence of Guillain–Barré syndrome following SARS‐CoV‐2 immunization: Analysis of a nationwide registry of recipients of 81 million doses of seven vaccines
Authors: García‐Grimshaw Miguel , Galnares‐Olalde Javier Andrés , Bello‐Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , Michel‐Chávez Anaclara , Cadena‐Fernández Arturo , Briseño‐Godínez María Eugenia , Antonio‐Villa Neftali Eduardo , Núñez Isaac , Gutiérrez‐Romero Alonso , Hernández‐Vanegas Laura , del Mar Saniger‐Alba María , Carrillo‐Mezo Roger , Ceballos‐Liceaga Santa Elizabeth , Carbajal‐Sandoval Guillermo , Flores‐Silva Fernando Daniel , Díaz‐Ortega José Luis , Cortes‐Alcalá Ricardo , Pérez‐Padilla José Rogelio , López‐Gatell Hugo , Chiquete Erwin , Reyes‐Terán Gustavo , Arauz Antonio , Valdés‐Ferrer Sergio Iván 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeInformation on Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI) against SARS‐CoV‐2 remains scarce. We aimed to report GBS incidence as an AEFI among adult (≥18 years) recipients of 81,842,426 doses of seven anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines between December 24, 2020, and October 29, 2021, in Mexico.MethodsCases were retrospectively collected through passive epidemiological surveillance. The overall observed incidence was calculated according to the total number of administered doses. Vaccines were analyzed individually and by vector as mRNA‐based (mRNA‐1273 and BNT162b2), adenovirus‐vectored (ChAdOx1 nCov‐19, rAd26‐rAd5, Ad5‐nCoV, and Ad26.COV2‐S), and inactivated whole‐virion‐vectored (CoronaVac) vaccines.ResultsWe identified 97 patients (52 males [53.6%]; median [interquartile range] age 44 [33–60] years), for an overall observed incidence of 1.19/1,000,000 doses (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–1.45), with incidence higher among Ad26.COV2‐S (3.86/1,000,000 doses, 95% CI 1.50–9.93) and BNT162b2 recipients (1.92/1,00,000 doses, 95% CI 1.36–2.71). The interval (interquartile range) from vaccination to GBS symptom onset was 10 (3–17) days. Preceding diarrhea was reported in 21 patients (21.6%) and mild COVID‐19 in four more (4.1%). Only 18 patients were tested for Campylobacter jejuni (positive in 16 [88.9%]). Electrophysiological examinations were performed in 76 patients (78.4%; axonal in 46 [60.5%] and demyelinating in 25 [32.8%]); variants were similar across the platforms. On admission, 91.8% had a GBS disability score ≥3. Seventy‐five patients (77.3%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, received seven plasma exchange (7.2%), and 15 (15.5%) were treated conservatively. Ten patients (10.3%) died, and 79.1% of survivors were unable to walk independently.ConclusionsGuillain–Barré syndrome was an extremely infrequent AEFI against SARS‐CoV‐2. The protection provided by these vaccines outweighs the risk of developing GBS.
Risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization, and death for COVID‐19 in people with Parkinson disease or parkinsonism over a 15‐month period: A cohort study
Authors: Zenesini Corrado , Vignatelli Luca , Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Baccari Flavia , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Cortelli Pietro , Descovich Carlo , Giannini Giulia , Guaraldi Pietro , Guarino Maria , Loddo Giuseppe , Pantieri Roberta , Perlangeli Vincenza , Scaglione Cesa , Stivanello Elisa , Trombetti Susanna , D'Alessandro Roberto , Baldin Elisa , Nonino Francesco ,   ParkLink Bologna group
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe patterns of long‐term risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization for COVID‐19, and related death are uncertain in people with Parkinson disease (PD) or parkinsonism (PS). The aim of the study was to quantify these risks compared to a control population cohort, during the period March 2020–May 2021, in Bologna, Northern Italy.MethodsParkLink Bologna cohort (759 PD, 192 PS) and controls (9226) anonymously matched (ratio = 1:10) for sex, age, district, and comorbidity were included. Data were analysed in the whole period and in the two different pandemic waves (March–May 2020 and October 2020–May 2021).ResultsAdjusted hazard ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.7) in PD and 1.9 (95% CI = 1.3–2.8) in PS compared to the controls. The trend was detected in both the pandemic waves. Adjusted hazard ratio of hospitalization for COVID‐19 was 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8–1.7) in PD and 1.8 (95% CI = 0.97–3.1) in PS. A higher risk of hospital admission was detected in PS only in the first wave. The 30‐day mortality risk after hospitalization was higher (p = 0.048) in PS (58%) than in PD (19%) and controls (26%).ConclusionsCompared with controls, after adjustment for key covariates, people with PD and PS showed a higher risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection throughout the first 15 months of the pandemic. COVID‐19 hospitalization risk was increased only in people with PS and only during the first wave. This group of patients was burdened by a very high risk of death after infection and hospitalization.
Wearable OPM‐MEG: A changing landscape for epilepsy
Authors: Pedersen Mangor , Abbott David F. , Jackson Graeme D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMagnetoencephalography with optically pumped magnometers (OPM‐MEG) is an emerging and novel, cost‐effective wearable system that can simultaneously record neuronal activity with high temporal resolution ("when" neuronal activity occurs) and spatial resolution ("where" neuronal activity occurs). This paper will first outline recent methodological advances in OPM‐MEG compared to conventional superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)‐MEG before discussing how OPM‐MEG can become a valuable and noninvasive clinical support tool in epilepsy surgery evaluation. Although OPM‐MEG and SQUID‐MEG share similar data features, OPM‐MEG is a wearable design that fits children and adults, and it is also robust to head motion within a magnetically shielded room. This means that OPM‐MEG can potentially extend the application of MEG into the neurobiology of severe childhood epilepsies with intellectual disabilities (e.g., epileptic encephalopathies) without sedation. It is worth noting that most OPM‐MEG sensors are heated, which may become an issue with large OPM sensor arrays (OPM‐MEG currently has fewer sensors than SQUID‐MEG). Future implementation of triaxial sensors may alleviate the need for large OPM sensor arrays. OPM‐MEG designs allowing both awake and sleep recording are essential for potential long‐term epilepsy monitoring.
Covid‐19 cases prediction using SARIMAX Model by tuning hyperparameter through grid search cross‐validation approach
Authors: Sah Sweeti , Surendiran Balasubramanian , Dhanalakshmi Ramasamy , Yamin Mohammed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSARS‐Coronavirus was first detected in December 2019, later named COVID‐19, and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). As prediction models assist policymakers in making decisions based on expected outcomes. Existing models were only used to anticipate a smaller range of data resulting in irrelevant predictions. Our research focuses on predicting COVID‐19 confirmed, recovered, and deceased Indian cases for 20 days ahead. Tuning of hyperparameters is performed with a grid search cross‐validation approach. The dataset is collected from the Kaggle. Our forecast indicates that the count of confirmed and deceased cases is higher whereas, recovered cases prediction shows a decreasing trend. The R2 Score achieved is 0.5112 and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) is 1251 using optimized SARIMAX. Finally, Monte Carlo simulation has also been performed to justify the prediction accuracy as compared to other models such as linear, polynomial, prophet, and SARIMAX without grid search cross validation.
Ferulic acid mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy via modulation of metabolic abnormalities in cardiac tissues of diabetic rats
Authors: Salau Veronica F. , Erukainure Ochuko L. , Olofinsan Kolawole A. , Msomi Nontokozo Z. , Ijomone Olayemi K. , Islam Md. Shahidul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCardiovascular abnormalities have been reported as a major contributor of diabetic mortality. The protective effect of ferulic acid on diabetic cardiomyopathy in fructose‐streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) rat model was elucidated in this study. Type 2 diabetic rats were treated by oral administration of low (150 mg/kg b.w) and high (300 mg/kg b.w) doses of ferulic acid. Metformin was used as the antidiabetic drug. Rats were humanely euthanized after 5 weeks of treatment, and their blood and hearts were collected. Induction of T2D depleted the levels of reduced glutathione, glycogen, and HDL‐cholesterol and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ENTPDase, and 5′nucleotidase. It simultaneously triggered increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL‐cholesterol, creatinine kinase‐MB as well as activities of acetylcholinesterase, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ATPase, glucose‐6‐phopsphatase, fructose‐1,6‐bisphophatase, glycogen phosphorylase, and lipase. T2D induction further revealed an obvious degeneration of cardiac muscle morphology. However, treatment with ferulic acid markedly reversed the levels and activities of these biomarkers with concomitant improvement in myocardium structural morphology, which had favorable comparison with the standard drug, metformin. Additionally, T2D induction led to the depletion of 40%, 75%, and 33% of fatty acids, fatty esters, and steroids, respectively, with concomitant generation of eicosenoic acid, gamolenic acid, and vitamin E. Ferulic acid treatment restored eicosanoic acid, 2‐hydroxyethyl ester, with concomitant generation of 6‐octadecenoic acid, (Z)‐, cis‐11‐eicosenoic acid, tridecanedioic acid, octadecanoic acid, 2‐hydroxyethyl ester, ethyl 3‐hydroxytridecanoate, dipalmitin, cholesterol isocaproate, cholest‐5‐ene, 3‐(1‐oxobuthoxy)‐, cholesta‐3,5‐diene. These results suggest the cardioprotective potential of ferulic acid against diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Effect of short‐term acute moderate‐intensity resistance exercise on blood glucose in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia
Authors: Zhao Dan , Shi Wenli , Bi Lina , Qi Yanyan , Hu Su , Li Chang , Zhang Yan , Zheng Xin 
Published: July 2022

AimTo investigate the effects of short‐term acute moderate‐intensity resistance exercise on blood glucose in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia using ambulatory glucose monitoring technology.MethodsThis is a prospective intervention of an own‐controlled before‐and‐after cohort study. A total of 24 older type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who met the enrollment criteria were selected, including 12 cases in the sarcopenia and 12 in the non‐sarcopenia groups. First, they wore ambulatory glucose monitoring devices (Medtronic, Ipro2) and retained baseline data. Then they wore Ipro2 again and carried out two sessions of resistance exercise on alternate days. Blood glucose level, blood glucose fluctuation, and time in target range on the contrast and exercise days were compared and analyzed in both groups.ResultsThe area under the curve of glucose level across 24 h and the mean blood glucose post exercise decreased (P < 0.05) in the sarcopenia group. On the exercise day, the coefficient of variation of glucose, the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, amplitude of postprandial glucose excursions and low blood glucose index decreased, whereas the time in target range increased (P < 0.05).ConclusionsShort‐term acute moderate‐intensity resistance exercise is an effective and safe exercise modality, which can reduce blood glucose levels, blood glucose fluctuations and the risk of hypoglycemia, as well as improve the time in target range for older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 653–659.
Digital transformation and value chains: Introduction
Authors: Butollo Florian , Gereffi Gary , Yang Chun , Krzywdzinski Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew digital technologies based on the internet of things and artificial intelligence play centre stage in contemporary discussions about the prospects for economic development and the future of work. This article summarizes theoretical and empirical contributions on how these technologies affect global value chains (GVCs). We argue that the leading paradigms that analyse global production – the GVC framework and the related global production networks (GPNs) approach – are in need of some ‘technological uprading’ themselves. The GVC/GPN approaches acknowledge that technology is constitutive for the emergence of geographically fragmented production, but rarely address directly how technological change affects interfirm relations. The authors provide a framework that acknowledges the key role of technology while situating digital tools and systems in their social embeddedness, that is the role of human agency and institutions in shaping their development and impact. A research agenda is outlined focusing on three topics: the varieties of digitalization approaches in different world regions, the role of data as a specific form of intangible resource and the role of platform business models for industrial ecosystems. These topics are addressed in the special issue of Global Networks on ‘Digitalization and Value Chains’ introduced by this contribution.