bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Has the COVID‐19 pandemic changed gender‐ and parental‐status‐specific differences in working from home? Panel evidence from Germany
Authors: Abendroth Anja‐Kristin , Lott Yvonne , Hipp Lena , Müller Dana , Sauermann Armin , Carstensen Tanja 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHas COVID‐19 changed gender‐ and parental‐status‐specific differences in working from home? To answer this question, we used data from the Institute for Employment Research High‐Frequency Online Personal Panel collected in Germany in the early stages of the pandemic (May–August 2020). Regression analyses revealed changes in pre‐pandemic gender‐ and parental‐status‐specific differences in remote working—not only when strict social distancing measures were in place, but also after they were lifted: Fathers were no longer more likely than childless men and women to work remotely, and women were no longer more likely than men to work more hours from home when using this arrangement. Further, the results suggest that cultural barriers in organizations to working from home—which were especially prevalent for mothers before the pandemic—have decreased.
‘He or she maybe doesn't know there is such a thing as a review’: A qualitative investigation exploring barriers and facilitators to accessing medication reviews from the perspective of people from ethnic minority communities
Authors: Robinson Anna , Sile Laura , Govind Thorrun , Guraya Harpreet Kaur , O'Brien Nicola , Harris Vicki , Pilkington Guy , Todd Adam , Husband Andy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionRegular reviews of medications, including prescription reviews and adherence reviews, are vital to support pharmacological effectiveness and optimize health outcomes for patients. Despite being more likely to report a long‐term illness that requires medication when compared to their white counterparts, individuals from ethnic minority communities are less likely to engage with regular medication reviews, with inequalities negatively affecting their access. It is important to understand what barriers may exist that impact the access of those from ethnic minority communities and to identify measures that may act to facilitate improved service accessibility for these groups.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted between June and August 2021 using the following formats as permitted by governmental COVID‐19 restrictions: in person, over the telephone or via video call. Perspectives on service accessibility and any associated barriers and facilitators were discussed. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis enabled the development of themes. QSR NVivo (Version 12) facilitated data management. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Authority (ref: 21/HRA/1426).ResultsIn total 20 participants from ethnic minority communities were interviewed; these participants included 16 UK citizens, 2 refugees and 2 asylum seekers, and represented a total of 5 different ethnic groups. Three themes were developed from the data regarding the perceived barriers and facilitators affecting access to medication reviews and identified approaches to improve the accessibility of such services for ethnic minority patients. These centred on (1) building knowledge and understanding about medication reviews; (2) delivering medication review services; and (3) appreciating the lived experience of patients.ConclusionThe results of this study have important implications for addressing inequalities that affect ethnic minority communities. Involving patients and practitioners to work collaboratively in coproduction approaches could enable better design, implementation and delivery of accessible medication review services that are culturally competent.Patient or Public ContributionThe National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration and Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement group at Newcastle University supported the study design and conceptualization. Seven patient champions inputted to ensure that the research was conducted, and the findings were reported, with cultural sensitivity.
Patient participation in electronic nursing documentation: An interview study among home‐care patients
Authors: De Groot Kim , Douma Judith , Paans Wolter , Francke Anneke L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients are increasingly expected to take an active role in their own care. Participation in nursing documentation can support patients to take this active role since it provides opportunities to express care needs and preferences. Yet, patient participation in electronic nursing documentation is not self‐evident.ObjectiveTo explore how home‐care patients perceive their participation in electronic nursing documentation.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 21 home‐care patients. Interview transcripts were analysed in an iterative process based on the principles of reflexive inductive thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified a typology with four patient types: ‘high need, high ability’, ‘high need, low ability’, ‘low need, high ability’ and ‘low need, low ability’. Several patients felt a need for participation because of their personal interest in health information. Others did not feel such a need since they trusted nurses to document the information that is important. Patients' ability to participate increased when they could read the documentation and when nurses helped them by talking about the documentation. Barriers to patients' ability to participate were having no electronic devices or lacking digital skills, a lack of support from nurses and the poor usability of electronic patient portals.ConclusionPatient participation in electronic nursing documentation varies between patients since home‐care patients differ in their need and ability to participate. Nurses should tailor their encouragement of patient participation to individual patients' needs and abilities. Furthermore, they should be aware of their own role and help patients to participate in the documentation.Patient or Public ContributionHome‐care patients were involved in the interviews.
Characterization of 1050Al/Al3Ni/ZrO2 hybrid surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing
Authors: Salarpour Meysam , Sharifitabar Mahmood , Amirabadi Hossein 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAl/Al3Ni and Al/nano‐ZrO2 mono and Al/Al3Ni/ZrO2 hybrid composites were produced by one‐ and four‐pass friction stir processing (FSP). Then, the microstructure, hardness, and wear performance of the surface composites were evaluated. Results showed that the incorporation of Ni particles into the Al surface and their in situ reaction with the substrate resulted in the development of Al3Ni particles in the stir zone. The formation mechanism of these particles was deeply studied from both thermodynamics and kinetics aspects. Similarly, the four‐pass FSP led to the distribution of ZrO2 nanoparticles and the formation of Al/ZrO2 composites. With the addition of both Ni and ZrO2 particles, a hybrid Al/Al3Ni/ZrO2 composite was produced. This caused a 60% improvement in hardness and a 35% improvement in wear resistance of Al substrate. In the case of monolithic composites, both abrasion and adhesion were responsible for the material removal during the wear test, whereas adhesion was specified as the dominant wear mechanism in the hybrid composite.
Prevention of urethral fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 using selective Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitors in a rat model
Authors: Choi Kyung Hwa , Kim Dae Keun , Kim A Ram , Lee Seung‐Ryeol 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the anti‐fibrotic effects of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling inhibitors on urethral stricture.MethodsHuman fibroblasts were exposed to transforming growth factor beta 1 combined with various concentrations of Wnt/β‐catenin inhibitors (ICG‐001, IWR‐1, and PRI‐724), and cell proliferation and migration were evaluated. Urethral fibrosis was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats by urethral injection of transforming growth factor beta 1 and co‐treatement with inhibitors. Urethral tissues were harvested 2 weeks after the injection. The messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression was examined for fibrosis markers Axin‐1, collagen type 1, alpha smooth muscle actin, and β‐catenin. Histological analysis of fibrosis and collagen deposition was also performed.ResultsCell migration was ameliorated by ICG‐001 and PRI‐724. Protein and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of collagen type 1 and alpha smooth muscle actin in transforming growth factor beta 1‐treated fibroblasts decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner with the ICG‐001 and PRI‐724 treatments (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes with the IWR‐1 treatment. Collagen type I and alpha smooth muscle actin messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression were both significantly increased in the urethral tissues of rats with transforming growth factor beta 1‐induced urethral fibrosis. Rats co‐treated with ICG‐001 or PRI‐724 showed relatively mild fibrosis and significantly reduced collagen type I and alpha smooth muscle actin messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression (P < 0.05).ConclusionsICG‐001 and PRI‐724 significantly ameliorated urethral fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 in rats. These results suggest that ICG‐001 and PRI‐724 can be developed as therapeutics for treating urethral stricture.
Factors affecting reductions in dietary salt consumption in people of Chinese descent: An integrative review
Authors: Chan Alex , Chan Sally Wai‐chi , Khanam Masuma , Kinsman Leigh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify and synthesize the evidence on the perceptions of the health effects of dietary salt consumption and barriers to sustaining a salt‐reduced diet for hypertension in Chinese people.DesignA systematic integrated review integrating quantitative and qualitative studies using the PRISMA guidelines.Data sourcesThree databases, MEDLINE, PubMed and CINAHL, were systematically searched for articles published between January 2001 and July 2020.Review methodsThe quality of the included studies was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools for cross‐sectional and qualitative studies. Descriptive analysis and constant comparison methods were used to analyse the extracted data.ResultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The synthesized results identified that (i) adequate salt‐related health education had a positive influence on dietary behaviour modifications, (ii) the level of educational exposure to the health benefits of salt reduction influenced Chinese people's perceptions of the health impact associated with high salt intake, (iii) the complexity of salt measurement was a barrier to salt reduction, (iv) salt reduction is a challenge to Chinese food culture, and (v) Chinese migrants may experience linguistic and cultural challenges when they seek appropriate dietary education and advice for hypertension management in their host countries.ConclusionThere is room for improvement in recognizing and translating the knowledge of salt‐related health issues and the benefits of that knowledge about salt reduction into action. Future nursing interventions should incorporate individuals' cultural needs and the dietary culture of immediate family members.ImpactThis integrative review reveals that unique Chinese customs and practices reduce the effectiveness of salt reduction campaigns. The effects of education vanish without family support, resulting in suboptimal adherence to dietary salt reduction strategies.
Self‐concept but not prior knowledge moderates effects of different implementations of computer‐assisted inquiry learning activities on students' learning
Authors: Richter Juliane , Lachner Andreas , Jacob Leonie , Bilgenroth Friederike , Scheiter Katharina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEngaging students in computer‐assisted guided inquiry learning has great potential to scaffold their scientific understanding: Students are expected to improve their scientific problem‐solving skills, and at the same time gain a deep conceptual understanding of the subject‐matter. Additional generative activities such as creating video explanations subsequent to inquiry learning activities can also further deepen students' knowledge.ObjectivesIn this experiment, we therefore compared the effectiveness of computer‐based direct instruction (to mimic traditional classroom teaching) versus computer‐based inquiry learning.MethodsUniversity students (N = 118) either received video‐based direct instruction (direct instruction), including the demonstration of a virtual experiment, or conducted the virtual experiment themselves supported by prompts (inquiry learning). A third group of students additionally generated a video explanation as consolidation activity subsequent to conducting the virtual experiment (inquiry learning + generative activity).Results and ConclusionsContrarily to our hypotheses, the direct instruction condition outperformed the inquiry learning conditions. There were no significant differences between the inquiry learning and the inquiry learning + generative activity condition. Moderation analyses revealed that the effectiveness of direct instruction predominantly held true for students with low levels of domain‐specific self‐concept. All in all, our present study contributes to a better understanding of effects of direct instruction versus guided inquiry learning in computer‐based science education settings. Importantly, our findings show that the effectiveness of instructional approaches may depend on students' domain‐specific self‐concept as a motivational prerequisite. As such it is up for further research in science education to identify motivating instructional strategies to enhance students' learning.
Joint Bodies and the Regularization of Strategic Interaction: A Comparison of the European Union's Strategic Partnerships with Japan and India
Authors: Czechowska Lucyna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the European Union's strategic partnerships have undergone a new wave of institutionalization. Relations with both India and Japan are a case in point: after a decade or more of under‐institutionalized and situational interaction generally framed by political declarations, a more contractual model of bilateral relations has emerged and with it the proliferation of joint bodies. Such joint bodies and the overall regularization of bilateral contacts play an important but largely overlooked role in sustaining the strategic partnership. This article assesses the rationale and performance of joint institutional frameworks devised for the EU–Japan and EU–India strategic partnerships. Informed by an original conceptual approach, the article assesses the regularization and intensification of strategic interaction in these two partnerships.
Ecological and life‐history correlates of erythrocyte size and shape in Lepidosauria
Authors: Penman Zachary , Deeming D. Charles , Soulsbury Carl D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlood oxygen‐carrying capacity is shaped both by the ambient oxygen availability as well as species‐specific oxygen demand. Erythrocytes are a critical part of oxygen transport and both their size and shape can change in relation to species‐specific life‐history, behavioural or ecological conditions. Here, we test whether components of the environment (altitude), life history (reproductive mode, body temperature) and behaviour (diving, foraging mode) drive erythrocyte size variation in the Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes and rhynchocephalians). We collected data on erythrocyte size (area) and shape (L/W: elongation ratio) from Lepidosauria across the globe (N = 235 species). Our analyses show the importance of oxygen requirements as a driver of erythrocyte size. Smaller erythrocytes were associated with the need for faster delivery (active foragers, high‐altitude species, warmer body temperatures), whereas species with greater oxygen demands (diving species, viviparous species) had larger erythrocytes. Erythrocyte size shows considerable cross‐species variation, with a range of factors linked to the oxygen delivery requirements being major drivers of these differences. A key future aspect for study would include within‐individual plasticity and how changing states, for example, pregnancy, perhaps alter the size and shape of erythrocytes in Lepidosaurs.
Tracking oocyte development and the timing of skipped spawning for north‐east Arctic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Authors: Tronbøl Frida , Johannesen Edda , Alix Maud , dos Santos Schmidt Thassya C. , Charitonidou Katerina , Folkvord Arild , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study tracked oocyte development over 9 months and noted incidences of ‘skipping’, i.e., adults terminating their upcoming reproductive cycle, in field‐caught north‐east Arctic (NEA) haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), currently the largest stock of this species. Applications of advanced image and histological techniques revealed the presence of cortical alveoli oocytes (CAO), which prevailed as the most advanced oocyte phase for 4–5 months. This new finding of an extended and early appearance of CAOs in this gadoid was supported by that vitellogenesis first started to appear 3 months later. The subsequent oocyte growth trajectories indicated that larger individuals [total length (TL) = 70 cm] typically spawn in the order of 3 weeks earlier than the smaller ones (TL = 40 cm). The spawning season appeared stretched over about 3 months. The majority of skipping females arrested oocyte growth at the CAO phase followed by atretic reabsorption. Compared to those individuals maturing for the spawning season, ‘skippers’ generally exhibited lower body condition, characterized also by relatively lower liver sizes at the time of the main spawning season. This study demonstrated well‐developed skipping dynamics, but also that the CAO period, i.e., when skipping takes place, may be exceedingly long in this commercially valuable gadoid and that its reproductive cycle in many ways deviates from that of the data‐rich, sympatric NEA cod (Gadus morhua).
Haematology, physiological parameters, morphometry and parasitological status of rescued bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Authors: Hernández‐Cruz Guillermina , Ferreira Renata G. , Rooney Nicola J. , Guidi Raiane dos Santos , Rego Ronaldo Douglas Pereira do , Costa Tiago Saulo Freire , Klefasz Alberto , Oliveira Walber Feijó , Gaio Fernanda Conceição , Duarte Naylê Francelino Holanda , Viana Victoria De Forte , Mendl Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies on the physiology and haematology of rescued bearded capuchin monkeys. These are necessary to better understand the health and welfare status of the animals, including when performing reintroductions, and to avoid zoonoses.MethodsWe aimed to obtain physiological and haematological values, morphometry and parasitological status of 26 bearded capuchins in two rescue centres in Northeast Brazil.ResultsWe found sex‐ and age‐related differences in respiratory rate, body weight and body mass index, but not haematology. The haematological values obtained were significantly different from published data but within the reference intervals for the species. Animals infected with Ancylostoma spp. had significantly lower values in the parameters: haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration than non‐infected individuals.ConclusionPhysiological and haematological values of rescued capuchins were similar to those found in previous studies. Ancylostomiasis appears to cause alterations to haematological values of this species.
Cesarean scar pregnancy with expectant management
Authors: Fu Liye , Luo Yingchun , Huang Jinbai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to ascertain whether the lower anterior myometrial thickness (MT) between the bladder and the gestational sac in early pregnancy can be used to predict clinical outcomes in women with cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) after expectant management.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and early pregnancy ultrasound images of 21 patients who received expectant management for CSP. Among them, 11 patients with serious complications during pregnancy, such as intraoperative blood loss ≥1000 mL or with severe forms of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP; placenta increta or placenta percreta), were assigned to group A. The remaining 10 patients without serious complications during pregnancy were assigned to group B. The difference in MT between groups A and B was analyzed using nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in MT between the groups (U = 20.000, p = 0.013). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.818, and the optimal cut‐off value for MT was 3.3 mm.ConclusionLower anterior MT around the gestational sac was correlated with severe complications, such as massive intraoperative bleeding or severe forms of MAP in patients with CSP.
Prey responses to predation risk under chronic road noise
Authors: Giordano A. , Hunninck L. , Sheriff M. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic noise has dramatically increased over the past decades with potentially significant impacts on wildlife and their community interactions. Using giving‐up densities (GUDs) paired with camera traps, we examined the concurrent influence of chronic road noise and predation risk on free‐living small mammals. Specifically, we looked for differences in foraging and vigilance behavior during various noise treatments. We found that small mammals significantly reduced food intake when exposed to predation risk; however, concurrent exposure to road noise eliminated this effect; small mammals increased food intake when exposed to road noise and risk compared to risk alone. Furthermore, road noise reduced the number of visits and time spent at foraging trays while it increased vigilance behavior of small mammals in risky situations, meaning they were able to increase their foraging efficiency. Mice also ate less when moon illumination was greater; however, this had no effect on our overall results. This is one of the first studies to concurrently examine the effects of road noise and predation risk on free‐living prey. It shows the complex responses of prey exposed to chronic noise conditions as they attempt to gain reliable information about predation risk and respond appropriately. We highlight the potential consequences road noise may have on the survival of prey as it interferes with their appropriate risk responses.