bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of targeted environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for early detection of 69 invasive fishes and aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Wu Yueyang , Colborne Scott F. , Charron Matthew R. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInvasive species are of concern due to their impacts on ecosystems and economies, but they pose significant control challenges. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool in the detection of aquatic organisms at low densities due to high detection sensitivity and relative ease of sample collection. Aquatic eDNA analyses have increased worldwide and are generally either applied to few target species (quantitative PCR), or for broad taxonomic applications (metabarcoding). Here, we describe the development and testing of a hybrid approach that utilized high‐sensitivity PCR primer sets and high‐throughput sequencing (HTS), referred to as targeted metabarcoding, to detect 69 fishes and invertebrates. We identified target species based on reports of globally important invasive species and developed two independent PCR primers for each species (CO1 and a second mtDNA region). We assessed sensitivity and eDNA interference for all 138 primers (2 per species and 69 species) using standard end‐point PCR and tested them on 10 eDNA samples spiked with various amounts of one or more of the target species DNA. The sensitivity of the 138 primer sets ranged between 1.5 × 10−5 and 2.64 ng template DNA (mean = 0.069 ng). Primers were also tested for interference effects using plankton eDNA to simulate field conditions. The inclusion of interfering plankton DNA reduced the sensitivity for most primer sets by one or more orders of magnitude (range 0–3). Overall, our targeted metabarcoding resulted in the detection of ~98% of species in the DNA spiked samples, and perhaps more importantly, the HTS read count was positively related to the quantity of spiked DNA (p < 0.002). We envision this technique being particularly useful for the early detection of species at low population densities; however, there are diverse applications of targeted metabarcoding for monitoring aquatic community composition and to quantify ecosystem change and health.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of intravenous iron‐carbohydrate complexes in HFrEF patients with iron deficiency
Authors: Sindone Andrew , Doehner Wolfram , Comin‐Colet Josep 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) is a common co‐morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). The present meta‐analysis evaluates the effect of intravenous (IV) iron‐carbohydrate complex supplementation in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and ID/iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IV iron‐carbohydrate complexes with placebo/standard of care in patients with HFrEF with ID/IDA were identified using Embase (from 1957) and PubMed (from 1989) databases through 25 May 2021. Twelve RCTs including 2381 patients were included in this analysis. The majority (90.8%) of patients receiving IV iron‐carbohydrate therapy were administered ferric carboxymaltose (FCM); 7.5% received iron sucrose and 1.6% received iron isomaltoside. IV iron‐carbohydrate therapy significantly reduced hospitalization for worsening HF [0.53 (0.42–0.65); P < 0.0001] and first hospitalization for worsening HF or death [0.75 (0.59–0.95); P = 0.016], but did not significantly impact all‐cause mortality, compared with control. IV iron‐carbohydrate therapy significantly improved functional and exercise capacity compared with the control. There was no significant difference in outcome between IV iron‐carbohydrate formulations when similar endpoints were measured. No significant difference in adverse events (AE) was observed between the treatment groups. IV iron‐carbohydrate therapy resulted in improvements in a range of clinical outcomes and increased functional and exercise capacity, whereas AEs were not significantly different between IV iron‐carbohydrate and placebo/standard of care arms. These findings align with the European Society of Cardiology's 2021 HF guidelines, which recommend the consideration of FCM in symptomatic patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% and ID.
Clinical outcomes and structural remodelling after ablation of atrial fibrillation in heart failure with mildly reduced or mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Lee Dan‐Ying , Chang Ting‐Yung , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chung Fa‐Po , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Lin Chin‐Yu , Kuo Ling , Liu Chih‐Min , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThe efficacy of catheter ablation (CA) on clinical outcomes and cardiac structural remodelling in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with HF with mildly reduced or mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) remains unclear. We aimed to compare the efficacy of CA with medical therapy (MT) in AF patients with HFmrEF.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively screened a total of 36 879 patients with AF between 2005 and 2020. Patients who were initially diagnosed with echocardiography‐proved HFmrEF and had follow‐up echocardiography were enrolled. After applying propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio, 72 patients treated by CA (Group 1) and 72 patients receiving MT (Group 2) were taken into further analysis. The co‐morbidities were similar between the two groups, except for hyperlipidaemia. After a mean follow‐up duration of 58.9 ± 42.6 months, Group 1 had a lower HF hospitalization and all‐cause mortality compared with Group 2 (hazard ratio (HR), 0.089 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.011–0.747]; P = 0.026 and HR, 0.121 [95% CI, 0.016–0.894]; P = 0.038, respectively). As for cardiac structural remodelling, the Group 1 had a better improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and a more decreased left atrium (LA) diameter than Group 2 (+25.0% ± 18.0% vs. +6.2% ± 21.6%, P = <0.0001 and −1.6 ± 4.7 mm vs. +1.5 ± 8.2 mm, P = 0.008, respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with HFmrEF and AF, CA of AF could reduce both HF hospitalization and all‐cause mortality as compared with those with MT. A significant improvement in LVEF and decrease in LA diameter were also observed in the CA group. Early rhythm control with CA should be taken into consideration in patients with HFmrEF and AF.
Homoarginine and creatine deficiency do not exacerbate murine ischaemic heart failure
Authors: McAndrew Debra J. , Lake Hannah A. , Zervou Sevasti , Schwedhelm Edzard , Schneider Jurgen E. , Neubauer Stefan , Lygate Craig A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsLow levels of homoarginine and creatine are associated with heart failure severity in humans, but it is unclear to what extent they contribute to pathophysiology. Both are synthesized via L‐arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT), such that AGAT−/− mice have a combined creatine and homoarginine deficiency. We hypothesized that this would be detrimental in the setting of chronic heart failure.Methods and resultsStudy 1: homoarginine deficiency—female AGAT−/− and wild‐type mice were given creatine‐supplemented diet so that both had normal myocardial creatine levels, but only AGAT−/− had low plasma homoarginine. Myocardial infarction (MI) was surgically induced and left ventricular (LV) structure and function assessed at 6–7 weeks by in vivo imaging and haemodynamics. Study 2: homoarginine and creatine‐deficiency—as before, but AGAT−/− mice were given creatine‐supplemented diet until 1 week post‐MI, when 50% were changed to a creatine‐free diet. Both groups therefore had low homoarginine levels, but one group also developed lower myocardial creatine levels. In both studies, all groups had LV remodelling and dysfunction commensurate with the development of chronic heart failure, for example, LV dilatation and mean ejection fraction <20%. However, neither homoarginine deficiency alone or in combination with creatine deficiency had a significant effect on mortality, LV remodelling, or on any indices of contractile and lusitropic function.ConclusionsLow levels of homoarginine and creatine do not worsen chronic heart failure arguing against a major causative role in disease progression. This suggests that it is unnecessary to correct hArg deficiency in patients with heart failure, although supra‐physiological levels may still be beneficial.
Probing Electron Transfer Events in Radical Cation Cycloadditions: Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular Single Electron Transfer
Authors: Tanami Shuhei , Hussaini Syed R. , Kitano Yoshikazu , Chiba Kazuhiro , Okada Yohei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough radical ion chain pathways have long been recognized in the field of synthetic organic chemistry and are expected to be operative in various reactions, it is somewhat complicated to verify their involvement, since counting the number of electrons is not straightforward. Herein, a series of bis‐styrenes is designed and synthesized to investigate electron transfer events by using radical cation [4+2] cycloadditions as probes. It is demonstrated that the intramolecular single electron transfer seems to be ineffective, while the intermolecular variants are highly effective. Therefore, a truly catalytic amount of electricity is enough for full conversions, confirming that chain pathways were definitely involved.
Exploring the molecular and functional cellular response to hydrazine via transcriptomics and DNA repair mutant cell lines
Authors: Crosby Meredith E. , Ciurlionis Rita , Brayman Timothy G. , Kondratiuk Alison , Nicolette John J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrazine is a rodent carcinogen and is classified as a probable human carcinogen by IARC. Though hydrazine is positive in both in vitro and in vivo DNA strand break (comet) assays, hydrazine was reported to be negative in an in vitro mutation Muta Mouse lung epithelial cell (FE1) test, as well as in a regulatory‐compliant, in vivo Big Blue mouse mutation test. In this article, mechanistic studies explored the cellular response to hydrazine. When tested in a regulatory‐compliant mouse lymphoma assay, hydrazine yielded unusual, weakly positive results. This prompted an investigation into the transcriptional response to hydrazine in FE1 cells via RNA sequencing. Amongst the changes identified was a dose‐dependent increase in G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation associated genes. Flow cytometric experiments in FE1 cells revealed that hydrazine exposure led to S‐phase cell cycle arrest. Clonogenic assays in a variety of cell lines harboring key DNA repair protein deficiencies indicated that hydrazine could sensitize cells lacking homology dependent repair proteins (Brca2 and Fancg). Lastly, hprt assays with hydrazine were conducted to determine whether a lack of DNA repair could lead to mutagenicity. However, no robust, dose‐dependent induction of mutations was noted. The transcriptional and cell cycle response to hydrazine, coupled with functional investigations of DNA repair‐deficient cell lines support the inconsistencies noted in the genetic toxicology regulatory battery. In summary, while hydrazine may be genotoxic, transcriptional and functional processes involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair appear to play a nuanced role in mediating the mutagenic potential.
Numerical research on ablation and wear of the artillery barrel based on UMESHMOTION user‐defined subroutine
Authors: Jin Yinxiang , Zou Libo , Huang Jianwen , Jiang Xin , Guo Zhangxia , Xie Jingyun , Yuan Zekun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the firing process, the gun barrel bears the thermal and chemical erosion of high‐temperature gunpowder gas and the wear of the rotation band. The forced cone tended to the most severely worn part of the barrel, which directly affects the life of the barrel. Combined with the erosion test and wear test of gun steel materials, this research studied the forcing cone of a medium caliber naval gun barrel. With the commercial finite element software ABAQUS as the platform, we took advanced adaptive mesh method combined with secondary development technology. This method used in our study in order to better realize the numerical simulation of the radial erosion wear of the forced projectile cone in the continuous firing environment. At the same time, we compared the numerical simulation with the actual firing test data, and proposed a new calculation method of barrel life. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that this method can better calculate the radial erosion wear of the forced cone, and provide guidance for improving the life of the gun barrel in the future.
Nature‐based solutions enhance sediment and nutrient storage in an agricultural lowland catchment
Authors: Robotham John , Old Gareth , Rameshwaran Ponnambalam , Sear David , Trill Emily , Bishop James , Gasca‐Tucker David , Old Joanne , McKnight David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, nature‐based solutions (NBS) include: (1) natural flood management (NFM) interventions with a primary function of flood risk reduction but with additional multiple benefits for water quality improvements through the mitigation of diffuse pollution; and (2) ponds with a primary function of water quality improvement. This study assesses the ability of these NBS to trap pollutants in run‐off within two small (3.4 km2) agricultural catchments (Upper Thames, UK). The masses of sediment, phosphorus, and organic carbon trapped by 14 features (since construction 2–3 years previously) were quantified through sediment surveying and sampling. Streamflow and suspended sediment monitoring downstream of features enabled catchment yields to be calculated. The features trapped a total of 83 t sediment, 122 kg phosphorus, and 4.3 t organic carbon. Although the footprint of the features was <1% of the catchment area, they drained 44% of the total land area and captured the equivalent of 15% of the total suspended sediment yield, 10% of the total phosphorus yield, and 8% of the particulate organic carbon yield as monitored at the catchment outlet over the monitoring period. Results reveal that accumulation rates were influenced by hydrological connectivity, with greater accumulation in features constructed directly on streams (online ponds), and those offline features that filled from overbank flows. The low to moderate accumulation rates observed in offline features suggests that their floodwater storage potential is only likely to significantly reduce in the medium term, necessitating maintenance after ~10 years. Compared with topsoil in each contributing area, trapped sediment was enriched in phosphorus and carbon in the majority of features, having on average 50% higher phosphorus and 17% higher organic carbon concentrations than surrounding arable soils, highlighting its potential value for redistribution on farmland. Monitoring results demonstrate the potential of NBS, including NFM, to mitigate diffuse pollution in lowland catchments.
Fault geometry and slip rates from the Nullarbor and Roe Plains of south‐central Australia: Insights into the spatial and temporal characteristics of intraplate seismicity
Authors: Sellmann Schirin , Quigley Mark , Duffy Brendan , Yang Haibin , Clark Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnalysis of TanDEM‐X and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data reveals geomorphic evidence for 292 fault‐propagation fold scarps across the Miocene Nullarbor and Pliocene Roe Plains in south‐central Australia. Vertical displacements (VD) are determined using topographic profiling of a subset (n = 48) of the fold traces. Fault dips (mean = 44 +16/−14° at 1σ) are estimated from seismic reflection data; the mean dip is assigned to faults with unknown dip and combined with VD to estimate net displacements (ND) and average net displacements (AD) for each fault. AD exceeds single‐event displacements estimated from fault‐length scaling regressions, indicating the identified faults have hosted multiple earthquakes. Combining AD with (i) faulted surface ages (Nullarbor ~10–5 Ma, Roe ~2.5 Ma), (ii) ages of faulted erosional–depositional features (e.g. relic Late Miocene dune fields and Pliocene paleochannels), and (iii) onset of the neotectonic regime in Australia at ~10 Ma yields average slip rates from <0.1 m Myr−1to >17 m Myr−1(mean = 1.1 m Myr−1). Summation of displacements across faults yields crustal horizontal shortening rates lower than geodetically detectable resolution (≤0.01 mm yr−1) since the Late Miocene. The ca. 10 Myr‐long record of neotectonic faulting on the Nullarbor Plain provides important insights into earthquake spatial–temporal behaviours in a slowly deforming intraplate continental region.
Direct measurement of the inertial drag and lift forces on entrained coarse particles at various protrusion heights
Authors: Xie Yushu , Melville Bruce W. , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Whittaker Colin N. , Yang Yifan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLaboratory experiments were performed to study the impact of relative particle protrusion P/D (P is the protrusion height and D is the diameter of the spherical target particle) on the entrainment of sediment particles from a rough bed of spherical grains. The target particle to be entrained was instrumented with electronic sensors to measure the triaxial linear acceleration, and consequently the particle inertial forces, during the entrainment process. The velocity field around the particle was obtained using two‐dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) technique and the velocity data were synchronised with the force data relative to the moment of entrainment. Experimental results show that the inertial drag and lift forces systematically decreased as relative particle protrusion increased. The ratio of inertial lift force to drag force revealed that drag force slightly dominated the entrainment process at P/D > 0.7, while lift force slightly dominated at P/D < 0.62. Inertial drag coefficient was found to be independent of particle protrusion for low P/D, but rapidly declined for P/D > 0.62–0.7. Differently, inertial lift coefficient remained relatively constant within the tested protrusion ranges. Additionally, the critical Shields number was linearly related to the normalised inertial forces over the present particle protrusion range. In summary, the particle protrusion demonstrates a significant impact on the inertial forces and, further, the entrainment process.
Factors Affecting the Binding of Diltiazem to Rainbow Trout Plasma: Implications for the Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Aquatic Systems
Authors: Glover Chris N. , Klaczek Chantelle E. , Goss Greg G. , Saari Gavin N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The accumulation of organic toxicants in fish plasma, and how they partition between the bound and unbound fraction once absorbed, are important metrics in models that seek to predict the risk of such contaminants in aquatic settings. Rapid equilibrium dialysis of diltiazem, an ionizable weak base and important human pharmaceutical contaminant of freshwaters, was conducted with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma. The effect of fed state, fish sex, fish strain/size, and dialysis buffer pH on the binding of radiolabeled diltiazem (9 ng ml−1) was assessed. In fed fish, 24.6%–29.5% of diltiazem was free, unbound to plasma proteins. Although starvation of fish resulted in a decrease in plasma protein, the bound fraction of diltiazem remained relatively constant. Consequently, the protein-bound concentration of diltiazem increased with length of starvation. In general, rainbow trout strain was a significant factor affecting plasma binding, although the two strains tested also differed markedly in size. Dialysis buffer pH significantly influenced plasma binding, with a higher unbound diltiazem fraction at pH 6.8 than pH 8.0. These data indicate that empirical measures of plasma binding in fish are important for accurate risk assessment and that the physiological status of a fish is likely to impact its sensitivity to toxicants such as diltiazem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:3125–3133. © 2022 SETAC
Health effects of a ban on late‐night alcohol sales
Authors: Bäuml Matthias , Marcus Jan , Siedler Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of a ban on late‐night off‐premise alcohol sales between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. in Germany. We use three large administrative data sets: (i) German diagnosis related groups‐Statistik, (ii) data from a large social health insurance, and (iii) Road Traffic Accident Statistics. Applying difference‐in‐differences and synthetic‐control‐group methods, we find that the ban had no effects on alcohol‐related road casualties, but significantly reduced alcohol‐related hospitalizations (doctor visits) among young people by around 9 (18) percent. The decrease is driven by fewer hospitalizations due to acute alcohol intoxication during the night—when the ban is in place—but not during the day.
Phosphorylation, compartmentalization, and cardiac function
Authors: Collins Kerrie B. , Scott John D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a fundamental element of cell signaling. First discovered as a biochemical switch in glycogen metabolism, we now know that this posttranslational modification permeates all aspects of cellular behavior. In humans, over 540 protein kinases attach phosphate to acceptor amino acids, whereas around 160 phosphoprotein phosphatases remove phosphate to terminate signaling. Aberrant phosphorylation underlies disease, and kinase inhibitor drugs are increasingly used clinically as targeted therapies. Specificity in protein phosphorylation is achieved in part because kinases and phosphatases are spatially organized inside cells. A prototypic example is compartmentalization of the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP)‐dependent protein kinase A through association with A‐kinase anchoring proteins. This configuration creates autonomous signaling islands where the anchored kinase is constrained in proximity to activators, effectors, and selected substates. This article primarily focuses on A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) signaling in the heart with an emphasis on anchoring proteins that spatiotemporally coordinate excitation‐contraction coupling and hypertrophic responses.
N6‐methyladenosine regulators are potential prognostic biomarkers for multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Jing , Zuo Yifan , Lv Chenglan , Zhou Min , Wan Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) regulators play an important role in tumorigenesis; however, their role in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unknown. This study aimed to create an m6A RNA regulators prognostic signature for MM patients. We integrated data from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass Study and the Genotype‐Tissue Expression database to analyze gene expression profiles of 21 m6A regulators. Consistent clustering analysis was used to identify the clusters of patients with MM having different clinical outcomes. Gene distribution was analyzed using principal component analysis. Next, we generated an mRNA gene signature of m6A regulators using a multivariate logistic regression model with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The expressions of m6A regulators, except FMR1, were significantly different in MM samples compared with those in normal samples. The KIAA1429, HNRNPC, FTO, and WTAP expression levels were dramatically downregulated in tumor samples, whereas those of other signatures were remarkably upregulated. Three clusters of patients with MM were identified, and significant differences were found in terms of overall survival (p = .024). A prognostic two‐gene signature (KIAA1429 and HNRNPA2B1) was constructed, which had a good prognostic significance using the ROC method (AUC = 0.792). Moreover, the risk score correlated with the infiltration immune cells. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis showed that 16 pathways were dramatically enriched. The m6A signature might be a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with MM (p = .002). Our study is the first to explore the potential application value of m6A in MM. These findings may enhance the understanding of the functional organization of m6A in MM and provide new insights into the treatment of MM patients.