bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A discrete unified gas-kinetic scheme for multi-species rarefied flows
Authors: xin ziyang , zhang yue , Guo Zhaoli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this work, a discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) is developed for multi-species flow in all flow regimes based on the Andries-Aoki-Perthame (AAP) kinetic model. Although the species collision operator in the AAP model conserves fully the mass, momentum, and energy for the mixture, it does not conserve the momentum and energy for each species due to the inter-species collisions. In this work, the species collision operator is decomposed into two parts, one part is fully conservative for the species and the other represents the excess part. With this decomposition, the kinetic equation is solved following the Strang-splitting procedure, in which the excess part of the collision operator is treated as a source, while the kinetic equation with the species conservative part is solved by the standard DUGKS. Particularly, the time integration of the source term is realized by either explicit or implicit Euler scheme. By this means, it is easy to extend the scheme to gas mixtures composed of Maxwell or hard-sphere molecules, while the previous DUGKS [Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. E 97, 053306 (2018)] of binary gases was only designed for Maxwell molecules. Several tests are performed to valid the scheme, including the shock structure and plane Couette flow. Excellent agreement is observed between the solutions of the present method and the previous DUGKS and the unified gas kinetic scheme. The results also show that the present DUGKS with implicit source discretization is preferable for gas mixture flow problems involving different flow regimes.
Comprehensive Analysis of Cuproptosis-related genes in prognosis, tumor microenvironment infiltration, and Immunotherapy response in gastric cancer
Authors: Nie Haihang , Wang Haizhou , Zhang Meng , Ning Yumei , Chen Xiaojia , Zhang Zhang , Hu Xinyi , Zhao Qiu , Chen Pengfei , Fang Jun , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cuproptosis is the most recently identified copper-dependent cell death form that influences tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, the relationship between cuproptosis and clinical prognosis, tumor microenvironment infiltration (TME), and response to immunotherapy remains unclear. Thus, we performed the following analysis. Single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to construct cuproptosisScore (cpS) and 1378 gastric cancer (GC) patients from five independent public datasets were classified into high- or low-cpS groups according to the median of cpS. Then the impacts of cuproptosis on tumor microenvironment infiltration (TME), biological function, response to immunotherapy, and clinical prognosis of GC were evaluated. RiskScore and nomogram were constructed using Lasso Cox regression algorithm to validate its predictive capability in GC patients. Compared to patients with high cpS, patients with low cpS exhibited poorer prognosis, higher TNM stage, and stronger stromal activation. Meanwhile, the analysis of response to immunotherapy confirmed patients with high cpS could better benefit from immunotherapy and had a better susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs. 9 prognosis-related signatures were collected based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of cpS groups. Finally, a riskScore model was constructed using the multivariate Cox (multi-Cox) regression coefficients of prognosis-related signatures and had an excellent capability of predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival in GC patients. In summary, this study revealed the role of curproptosis in TME, response to immunotherapy, and clinical prognosis in GC, which highlighted the significant clinical implications of curproptosis and provided novel ideas for the therapeutic application of cuproptosis in GC.
Quinine: re-designed and re-routed
Authors: Agbo Chinazom Precious , Ugwuanyi Timothy Chukwuebuka , Eze Osita Christopher , Onugwu Adaeze Linda , Echezona Adaeze Chidiebere , Nwagwu Chinekwu Sherridan , Uzondu Samuel Wisdom , Ogbonna John Dike , Ugorji Lydia Onyinyechi , Nnamani Petra Obioma , Akpa Paul Achile , Reginald-Opara Joy Nneji , McConville Christopher , Attama Anthony Amaechi , Ofokansi Kenneth Chibuzor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quinine (QHCl) as an antimalarial drug has remained very relevant 400 years after its effectiveness was discovered. Unlike other antimalarials, the development of resistance to quinine has been slow. Hence, this drug is till date still used for the treatment of severe and cerebral malaria, for malaria treatment in all trimesters of pregnancy, and in combination with doxycycline against multi-drug resistant parasites. The declined in its administration over the years is mainly associated with poor tolerability due to its gastrointestinal (GIT) side effects such as cinchonism, complex dosing regimen and bitter taste, all of which result in poor compliance. Hence our research was aimed at redesigning quinine using nanotechnology and investigating an alternative route for its administration for the treatment of malaria. A nanosuspension (NS) of QHCl was formulated to suit intranasal administration. QHCl-NS was prepared using lipid matrices made up of solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS) comprising Phospholipon® 90H and lipids (Softisan® 154 or Compritol®) in 1:2 ratio, while Poloxamer® 188 (P188) and Tween® 80 (T80) were used as stabilizer and surfactant. The QHCl-NS formulated were in nanosize range (68.6±0.86 to 300.8±10.11 nm), and highly stable during storage. QHCl-NS achieved above 80 % in vitro drug release in 6 h. Ex vivo permeation studies revealed that formulating QHCl as NS resulted in a 5-fold and 56- fold increase in flux and permeation coefficient, respectively, thereby enhancing permeation through pig nasal mucosa better than plain drug solutions. This implies that the rate of absorption as well as ease of drug permeation through porcine nasal mucosa was impressively enhanced by formulating QHCl as NS. Most importantly, reduction in parasitaemia in mice infected with plasmodium berghei ANKA by QHCl-NS administered through the intranasal route (51.16 %) was comparable to oral administration (52.12 %). Therefore, redesigning QHCl as NS for intranasal administration has great potentials to serve as a more tolerable options for the treatment of malaria in endemic areas.
A Survey on Implementations of Homomorphic Encryption Schemes
Authors: Doan Thi Van Thao , Messai Mohamed-Lamine , Gavin Gérald , Darmon Jérôme 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the increased need for data confidentiality in various applications of our daily life, homomorphic encryption (HE) has emerged as a promising cryptographic topic. HE enables to perform computations directly on encrypted data (ciphertexts) without decryption in advance. Since the results of calculations remain encrypted and can only be decrypted by the data owner, confidentiality is guaranteed and any third party can operate on ciphertexts without access to decrypted data (plaintexts). Applying a homomorphic cryptosystem in a real-world application depends on its resource efficiency. Several works compared different HE schemes and gave the stakes of this research field. However, the existing works either do not deal with recently proposed HE schemes (such as CKKS) or focus only on one type of HE. In this paper, we conduct an extensive comparison and evaluation of homomorphic cryptosystems’ performance based on their experimental results. The study covers all three families of HE, including several notable schemes such as BFV, BGV, CKKS, RSA, El-Gamal, and Paillier, as well as their implementation specification in widely used HE libraries, namely Microsoft SEAL, PALISADE, and HElib. In addition, we also discuss the resilience of HE schemes to different kind of attacks such as Indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack and integer factorization attacks on classical and quantum computers.
Enhancement of the chiral optical properties
Authors: Uzorka Afam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In all areas of display technology, the key to improved performance is to achieve control over the optical properties. For the ubiquitous liquid crystal display, which currently dominates the vast flat-panel display market for portable devices (especially notebook computers), control over the optical properties is achieved by controlling the orientation and positional ordering of the liquid crystals (LC). What this paper presents is the possibility of enhanced optical properties in LC devices through improved control over the LC order. This paper presents the work on the combination of porous glancing angle deposition (GLAD) films and liquid crystals (LC). The discussion opens with the rationale for studying the combination of the two technologies. Previous experiments were described briefly. The experimental setup, including film deposition, cell fabrication and filling, and optical measurements was described. The results of optical measurements on GLAD and GLAD/LC films are presented. Embedding LCs into the void regions in porous GLAD films with chiral (handed) microstructure was found to enhance the optical properties significantly. Furthermore, the structure of the film was found to influence the orientation of the LCs embedded into the films, and thus there is a mechanism for control of the LC order. This hybrid GLAD/LC material not only exhibits the promise of enhanced optical performance but also allows for the potential of a switchable device because of the presence of the LC. Because of the electro-optic properties of LCs, the switching behavior in GLAD/LC composites is also studied, leading to future developments in tunable or switchable LC devices.
Controllable Hartman effect by vortex beam in a one dimensional photonic crystal doped by graphene quantum dots
Authors: Kevin Saeideh , Sahrai Mostafa , Asadpour Seyyed Hossein 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Hartman effect is studied in a one dimensional photonic crystal doped with graphene quantum dots. It is shown that the Hartman effect can be switched from negative to positive by increasing the Rabi-frequency of the controlling field and also by manipulating the relative phase of the applied fields. The effect of the vortex beam on the Hartman effect is also presented. We show that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the azimuthal phase of the vortex beam will not effect on probe filed transmission while it changing the Hartman effect from positive to negative.
Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage and clinical disease: a five-year community-based longitudinal study in The Gambia.
Authors: Ahmad Abdullahi , Mohammed Nuredin Ibrahim , Joof Fatou , Affara Muna , Jawara Musa , Abubakar Ismaela , Okebe Joseph , Ceesay Serign , Hamid-Adiamoh Majidah , Bradley John , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , Nwakanma Davis , D’Alessandro Umberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Carriers of persistent asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections constitute an infectious reservoir that maintains malaria transmission. Understanding the extent of carriage and characteristics of carriers specific to endemic areas could guide use of interventions to reduce infectious reservoir.
Methods
In eastern Gambia, an all-age cohort from four villages was followed up from 2012 to 2016. Each year, cross-sectional surveys were conducted at the start and end of the malaria transmission season to determine asymptomatic P. falciparum carriage by microscopy while passive case detection was conducted during the transmission to determine incidence of clinical malaria. Association between carriage at the end of a season and at the start of the next and risk factors for this were assessed. Effect of carriage at the start of the season on risk of clinical malaria during the season was also examined.
Results
A total of 1403 individuals − 1154 from a semi-urban village and 249 from three rural villages were enrolled; median age was 12 years (IQR 6, 30) and 12 years (IQR 7, 27) respectively. In adjusted analysis, asymptomatic P. falciparum carriage at the end of a transmission season and at the start of the next were strongly associated (OR = 19.99; 95% CI 12.57–31.77, P < 0.001). The odds of carriage across seasons (i.e carriage at the end of a season and at the start of the next) were higher in rural villages (OR = 13.0; 95% CI 6.33–26.88, P < 0.001) and amongst children aged 5–15 years (OR = 5.03; 95% CI 2.47–10.23, P = < 0.001). In the rural villages, carriage at the start of the transmission season was associated with a lower risk of clinical malaria (IRR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27–0.81, P = 0.007).
Conclusions
Asymptomatic P. falciparum carriage at the end of a transmission season strongly predicts carriage at the start the next season. Odds of carriage across seasons was higher in villages with relatively higher transmission and in older children. Interventions that reduce persistent asymptomatic infections can be applied in a targeted manner and may supress the initiation of yearly seasonal malaria transmission.
Social Disadvantage During Pregnancy: Effects on Gestational Age and Birthweight
Authors: Luby Joan , England Sarah , Barch Deanna , Warner Barbara , Rogers Cynthia , Smyser Christopher , Triplett Regina , Arora Jyoti , Smyser Tara , Slavich George , Zhao Peinan , Stout Molly , Herzog Erik D. , Miller J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ObjectiveWhether psychosocial adversity during pregnancy impacts fetal health outcomes at birth remains underexplored. This is a critical issue given significant social disadvantage and psychosocial stress faced by pregnant women worldwide. Study DesignMeasures of social disadvantage and psychological factors, and medical/reproductive and nutritional health status in pregnant women were obtained at each trimester. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we investigated the relationship of forms of adversity to each other and as latent constructs to infant gestational age and birthweight. ResultsAmong 399 singletons, Social Disadvantage significantly predicted gestational age (p=.003), and residual birthweight (p=.006). There was a 0.4 week decrease in gestational age and a 3% decrease in birthweight for each standard deviation increase in Social Disadvantage. ConclusionSignificant negative effects of social adversity on the developing fetus were found. Notably, these effects emerged despite good prenatal care and after accounting for maternal age and medical reproductive risk factors.
“Sometimes I just forget them”: Capturing Experiences of Women about Free Menstrual Products in a U.S. Based Public University Campus
Authors: Rawat Meghana , Novorita Allison , Frank Jaclyn , Burgett Stevie , Cromer Risa , Ruple Audrey , DeMaria Andrea L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies have proven that lack of access to menstruation products negatively affects school attendance, academic performance, and individual health. Implementation of “period policies,” or programs offering free menstruation products, are becoming popular in schools, businesses, and communities in high income countries. U.S. based [Blinded University] announced in February 2020 that free pads and tampons would be stocked in all women’s and gender-neutral restrooms in campus buildings. The purpose of this study was to capture the experiences of menstruators about free menstrual products and the impact of a university-wide free menstruation management product policy and program. A second purpose was to understand how access to menstrual management products is intertwined with broader socio-cultural experiences of a menstruator.
Methods
As part of a larger study, virtual focus group discussions (n = 32 across 5 focus groups) were conducted in February 2021. Eligible participants were student-menstruators attending the [Blinded University]. We used thematic analysis techniques for data analysis, allowing for a constant comparative approach to data contextualization and theme identification.
Results
Focus group discussions revealed vivid menarche and menstruation experiences, shifting period culture, recollections of shame and stigma, and use of various technologies to manage menstruation. Recommendations for community-based programs offering free products included maintaining stock, making informed choices about products, and broadly distributing program information to increase awareness of free product placements.
Conclusions
Findings offer practical recommendations that will contribute to menstruation management and period poverty solutions for university communities.
Phytophysiognomy and temperature in an environmental preservation area in southern Minas Gerais influence the diversity and abundance of Syrphidae (Diptera) species
Authors: Maciel Anna Mara Ferreira , Morales Mírian Nunes , Faria Lucas Del Bianco , Hermes Marcel Gustavo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Syrphidae (Diptera) are a group of organisms that are considered important for the maintenance of the environment because they perform various ecological services, such as pollination, biological control, and decomposition. However, Syrphidae is still among the least studied Diptera families in the Neotropical Region due to the lack of specialists, along with the great diversity of behaviors among species and a large number of species. This study aimed to investigate the composition of adult syrphids in an environmental preservation area over two years and to verify the influence of meteorological conditions on the abundance, richness, and composition of the species collected. The sampling of adults was performed with passive traps and active searches in the Cerrado sensu stricto and Mata de Galeria phytophysiognomies between October 2018 and August 2020. In total, 442 specimens from 66 species of Syrphidae were collected. The genus Toxomerus had the highest number of specimens, and the most abundant species were T. lacrymosus (Bigot, 1884) and T. laenas (Walker, 1852). The Cerrado showed the highest abundance of syrphids, while richness was not significantly affected by any variable. In addition to the collection site, abundance was negatively affected by temperature and positively affected by the collection technique. For diversity, only the collection site had a significant effect. It was concluded that the phytophysiognomy as well as the environmental conditions influenced the diversity of this group. Implications for insect conservation: The results showed that very high temperatures negatively affected the number of specimens collected, suggesting a low ability to survive in warmer environments. Additionally, different phytophysiognomies showed differences in the diversity of insects from the family Syrphidae, and therefore, the preservation of both phytophysiognomies has the potential to assist in the maintenance of syrphid species and ensure the continuity of ecological services provided by these insects.
DTUMOS, Digital Twin for Large-scale Urban Mobility Operating System
Authors: Yeon Hyeokju , Eom Taebum , Jang Kitae , Yeo Jiho 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The rapid development of digital twin technology has significantly changed the way virtual cities are used in smart cities and the transportation. In particular, digital twins provide a playground where various mobility systems, algorithms, and policies can be developed and tested. In this study, DTUMOS, a digital twin framework for urban mobility operating systems, is proposed. We construct open-source framework that can easily and flexibly apply to any city and mobility system worldwide. A novel architecture that combines an AI-based estimated time of arrival model and vehicle router algorithm enables DTUMOS to achieve high-speed performance while maintaining accuracy when implementing large-scale mobility systems. The proposed DTUMOS has distinct strengths in scalability, speed, and visualization compared to the existing state-of-the-art mobility digital twins. The performance and scalability are verified by using actual data in large metropolitan cities, such as Seoul, New York City, and Chicago. A lightweight and open-source environment of DTUMOS opens a new era for developing various simulation-based algorithms and quantitatively evaluating the effectiveness of policies for future mobility systems.
Predictive Modelling of Parkinson’s Disease Progression Based on RNA-Sequence with Densely Connected Deep Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Ahmed Siraj , Komeili Majid , Park Jeongwon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe advent of recent high throughput sequencing technologies resulted in an unexplored big data of genomics and transcriptomics that might help to answer various research questions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) progression. While the literature has revealed various predictive models that use longitudinal clinical data for disease progression, there is no predictive model based on RNA-Sequence data of PD patients. This study investigates how to predict the PD Progression for a patient’s next medical visit by capturing longitudinal temporal patterns in the RNA-Seq data. Data provided by Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) includes 423 PD patients with a variable number of visits and 34,682 predictor variables for 4 years. We propose a predictive model based on deep Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with the addition of dense connections and batch normalization into RNN layers. The results show that the proposed architecture can predict PD progression from high dimensional RNA-seq data with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 6.0 and rank-order correlation of (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001) between the predicted and actual disease status of PD.
Hindcasting injection-induced aseismic slip and microseismicity at the Cooper Basin Enhanced Geothermal Systems Project
Authors: Wang Taiyi A. , Dunham Eric M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is a growing recognition that subsurface fluid injection can produce not only earthquakes, but also aseismic slip on faults. A major challenge in understanding interactions between injection-related aseismic and seismic slip on faults is identifying aseismic slip on the field scale, given that most monitored fields are only equipped with seismic arrays. We present a modeling workflow for evaluating the possibility of aseismic slip, given observational constraints on the spatial-temporal distributionof microseismicity, injection rate, and wellhead pressure. Our numerical model simultaneously simulates discrete off-fault microseismic events and aseismic slip on a main fault during fluid injection. We apply the workflow to the 2012 Enhanced Geothermal System injection episode at Cooper Basin, Australia, which aimed to stimulate a water-saturated granitic reservoir containing a highly permeable fault zone. We find that aseismic slip likely contributed to half of the total moment release. In addition, fault weakening from pore pressure changes, not elastic stress transfer from aseismic slip, induces the majority ofobserved microseismic events, given the inferred stress state. To our knowledge, this is the first time injection-induced aseismic slip in a granitic reservoir has been inferred, suggesting that aseismic slip could be widespread across a range of lithologies.