bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐acute health care needs of people with head and neck cancer: Mapping health care services, experiences, and the impact of rurality
Authors: Foley Jasmine , Burns Clare L. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Nund Rebecca L. , Wishart Laurelie R. , Kenny Lizbeth M. , Stevens Maurice 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with head and neck cancer (HNC) have complex health care needs; however, limited evidence exists regarding the nature or patterns of service access and use. This study explored the post‐discharge health care needs and experiences of individuals with HNC from metropolitan and rural areas.MethodsHealth care appointments and services accessed by people with HNC were collated for 6‐month post‐treatment. Data analysis of the whole cohort examined patterns of access while journey mapping integrated participants' experiences of recovery.ResultsThe 6‐month service access journey was mapped for 11 people. Rural participants attended a significantly greater number of appointments (p = 0.012), higher canceled/missed appointments (p = 0.013), and saw more professionals (p = 0.007). Rural participants reported higher stress and burden due to service access barriers and unmet needs.ConclusionsMultiple challenges and inequities exist for rural people with HNC. Findings inform opportunities to enhance the post‐treatment recovery of people with HNC in rural areas.
Renal myxoma – a case report of a rare kidney tumor, its differential diagnosis and literature review
Authors: Hudairy Rawan , Buksh Omar , Akram Rabea , Alammari Adel , Al‐Maghrabi Jaudah , Almansouri Zuhoor 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMyxoma is a rare benign kidney tumor. Only 18 cases have been described in the literature. We report a new case of renal myxoma that arises from the renal parenchyma.Case presentationA 56‐year‐old man, medically free, presented complaining of intermittent vague left‐side abdominal pain for 1 year, otherwise no history of gross hematuria or lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinical examination revealed a soft, non‐tender abdomen. All laboratory investigations were within normal. Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scan with contrast revealed a large mass located in the upper pole of left kidney with the possibility of renal cell carcinoma. A laparoscopic‐assisted left robotic radical nephrectomy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed renal myxoma.ConclusionRenal myxoma is a very rare benign kidney tumor with excellent prognosis. Considering its rarity, it is important to recognize this entity to avoid diagnostic errors with other neoplasms with prominent myxoid features.
Shape memory polymer foams with tunable interconnectivity using off‐the‐shelf foaming components
Authors: Petryk Natalie Marie , Haas Grace , Vakil Anand Utpal , Monroe Mary Beth Browning 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ability to easily and safety tune pore structures of gas‐blown polyurethane shape memory polymer (SMP) foams could improve their outcomes as hemostatic dressings or tissue engineering scaffolds and enable overall commercialization efforts. Incorporating physical blowing agents into the polymer mix can be used to tune pore size and interconnectivity without altering foam chemistry. Enovate (HFC‐254fa) is a commonly used physical blowing agent in gas‐blown foams, but the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers its use unacceptable because it is a hydrofluorocarbon that contributes to global warming. Here, off‐the‐shelf solvents accepted for use by the EPA, acetone, dimethyoxymethane (methylal), and methyl formate, were used as physical blowing agents by adding small volumes during foam fabrication. Increasing the physical blowing agent volume resulted in greater pore interconnectivity while maintaining SMP foam chemical and thermal properties. Pore size and interconnectivity also impacted cell and blood interactions with the foams. This work provides a safe and easy method for tuning SMP foam interconnectivity to aid in future commercialization efforts in a range of potential biomedical applications.
Valence energy correction for electron reactive force field
Authors: Bertolini Samuel , Jacob Timo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReactive force fields (ReaxFF) are a classical method to describe material properties based on a bond‐order formalism, that allows bond dissociation and consequently investigations of reactive systems. Semiclassical treatment of electrons was introduced within ReaxFF simulations, better known as electron reactive force fields (eReaxFF), to explicitly treat electrons as spherical Gaussian waves. In the original version of eReaxFF, the electrons and electron–holes can lead to changes in both the bond energy and the Coulomb energy of the system. In the present study, the method was modified to allow an electron to modify the valence energy, therefore, permitting that the electron's presence modifies the three‐body interactions, affecting the angle among three atoms. When a reaction path involving electron transfer is more sensitive to the geometric configuration of the molecules, corrections in the angular structure in the presence of electrons become more relevant; in this case, bond dissociation may not be enough to describe a reaction path. Consequently, the application of the extended eReaxFF method developed in this work should provide an improved description of a reaction path. As a first demonstration this semiclassical force field was parametrized for hydrogen and oxygen interactions, including water and water's ions. With the modified methodology both the overall accuracy of the force field but also the description of the angles within the molecules in presence of electrons could be improved.
Steiner triple systems and spreading sets in projective spaces
Authors: Nagy Zoltán Lóránt , Szemerédi Levente 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe address several extremal problems concerning the spreading property of point sets of Steiner triple systems. This property is closely related to the structure of subsystems, as a set is spreading if and only if there is no proper subsystem which contains it. We give sharp upper bounds on the size of a minimal spreading set in a Steiner triple system and show that if all the minimal spreading sets are large then the examined triple system must be a projective space. We also show that the size of a minimal spreading set is not an invariant of a Steiner triple system.
The value of colorectal filling contrast ultrasonography in diagnosing pediatric juvenile polyps
Authors: Zhang Min , Lin Hai , Hu Jie , Jing Xiang Xiang , Qin Ling Ling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a facilitated procedure of colorectal filling contrast ultrasonography (CFCUS) and explore its value in the diagnosis of pediatric juvenile polyps.MethodsOne hundred and eleven children with clinical signs of colorectal polyps admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. All children underwent conventional transabdominal ultrasonography (CTUS) and CFCUS prior to undergoing colonoscopy. Pathologic findings were used as the gold standard. Chi‐squared tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for the statistical analysis.ResultsForty‐five children with fifty‐two colorectal polyps were confirmed via pathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CFCUS vs. CTUS were 92.3% versus 80.7%, 100% versus 100%, 100% versus 100%, and 93.3% versus 84.8%, respectively. The missed polyps were significantly smaller than the polyps detected in diameter (7.50 ± 2.12 mm vs. 19.62 ± 7.89 mm, p < 0.0001) by CTUS. A significant difference between CTUS and CFCUS was observed in the detection rate of polyps with a diameter < 1 cm (p = 0.031) and pedicles (p < 0.001). The kappa values for the assessment of Yamada's classification between CTUS and colonoscopy and CFCUS and colonoscopy were 0.51 and 0.84, respectively. Moreover, CFCUS incidentally revealed a punctate hyperechoic area on the surface of colonic polyps in six cases, which may be suggestive of a correlation with erosion and bleeding findings.ConclusionCFCUS can increase the detection rate of polyps and pedicles, especially polyps with diameters <1 cm, and accurately evaluate Yamada's classification, providing useful preoperative information for colonoscopy.
Quantum resolution limit via coherent polarization Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zheltikov Aleksei M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs one of the milestones in early‐era nonlinear Raman studies, Akhmanov et al. [Sov. Phys. JETP 47, 667 (1978)] and Koroteev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 398 (1979)] have demonstrated that polarization coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy can resolve overlapping spectral lines that cannot be resolved by means of spontaneous Raman scattering spectroscopy and argued that the resolution of this method is unlimited. Here, we show that information theory offers useful insights into this remarkable result. We demonstrate that spectral super‐resolution attainable in polarization CARS can be understood in terms of the Fisher information and the pertinent Cramér–Rao lower bound. We show that, with a suitable polarization arrangement, coherent Raman scattering can be tailored to yield super‐resolving spectral modes that provide a nonvanishing Fisher information even for deeply sub‐Rayleigh spectral features, preventing the variance of spectral measurements from diverging no matter how fine these spectral features are. When the nonresonant coherent background scattering can be efficiently suppressed, the Fisher information of such super‐resolving modes reaches its upper bound as dictated by its quantum version—the quantum Fisher information.
Effect of glucose levels on carbon flow rate, antioxidant status, and enzyme activity of yeast during fermentation
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Sun Yingqi , Lei Yanan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe physiological metabolism of yeast has a significant impact on the quality of fermentation products. The present study aimed to investigate yeast metabolism in response to a changing glucose content environment, especially in fermentation products, as well as the change of carbon flow rate, antioxidant status, and yeast enzyme activity.RESULTSYeast in a 0 g L−1 glucose level was subjected to carbon starvation stress, cell growth retardation and cell proliferation was significantly inadequate; in the logarithmic growth stage of yeast, at a 30 g L−1 glucose level, the carbon source mainly flowed to tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate metabolism, cell division, proliferation, and increased cell growth. In later logarithmic growth period and stable period, carbon flowed into glycerol and trehalose metabolism, to cope with the environmental stress; yeast in 60 and 150 g L−1 glucose levels faced high glucose stress at the beginning, the content of reactive oxygen increased, malondialdehyde content increased, cell damage was reduced through the regulation of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, and most of the carbon flowed into the metabolic pathway of ethanol, glycerol, and trehalose to cope with high glucose stress, the pentose phosphate pathway showed a large late influx, and NADPH also started to increase rapidly after 24 h.CONCLUSIONYeast was stressed in a high‐sugar environment and ensured the activity of yeast by preferentially increasing the metabolic intensity of trehalose, glycerol, and glycolytic metabolism, weakening tricarboxylic acid metabolism, and first weakening and then increasing pentose phosphate metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Oil matrix modulates the bioaccessibility of polyphenols: a study of salad dressing formulation with industrial broccoli by‐products and lemon juice
Authors: Kamiloglu Senem , Ozdal Tugba , Tomas Merve , Capanoglu Esra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potential health‐promoting effects of polyphenols depend considerably on their bioaccessibility, which is affected by the presence of other nutrients in the diet, including lipids. In this study, several salad dressing formulations were prepared using industrial broccoli by‐product powder (BBP), lemon juice (LJ), and three different sources of oils (olive oil, hazelnut oil and sunflower oil) to both valorize polyphenol‐rich industrial discards and also to investigate polyphenol bioaccessibility. The changes in the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from BBP and LJ were determined using the standardized in vitro digestion model.RESULTSFour groups of polyphenols (hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, flavones, and flavonones) were detected in BBP and LJ. The bioaccessibility of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols from BBP increased significantly in the presence of LJ and oils (0.3‑ to 5.8‐fold), whereas there was no significant difference between formulations containing different oil types. On the other hand, the bioaccessibility of phenolic acids from LJ did not change notably after co‐ingestion with BBP and oils, whereas flavonoids, including vicenin‐2 and hesperidin, were found to be significantly more bioaccessible when LJ was co‐ingested with BBP and oils (0.8‑ to 1.4‐fold) (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOverall, the current study highlighted that the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from BBP and LJ was modulated in the presence of an oil matrix. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Neuroradiological Basis of COVID‐19 Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tan Claire Jing‐Wen , Tan Benjamin Kye Jyn , Tan Xin Yan , Liu Hui Ting , Teo Chong Boon , See Anna , Xu Shuhui , Toh Song Tar , Kheok Si Wei , Charn Tze Choong , Teo Neville Wei Yang 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common presenting symptom of COVID‐19 infection. Radiological imaging of the olfactory structures in patients with COVID‐19 and OD can potentially shed light on its pathogenesis, and guide clinicians in prognostication and intervention.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane, SCOPUS were searched from inception to August 1, 2021. Three reviewers selected observational studies, case series, and case reports reporting radiological changes in the olfactory structures, detected on magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or other imaging modalities, in patients aged ≥18 years with COVID‐19 infection and OD, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines and a PROSPERO‐registered protocol (CRD42021275211). We described the proportion of radiological outcomes, and used random‐effects meta‐analyses to pool the prevalence of olfactory cleft opacification, olfactory bulb signal abnormalities, and olfactory mucosa abnormalities in patients with and without COVID‐19‐associated OD.ResultsWe included 7 case–control studies (N = 353), 11 case series (N = 154), and 12 case reports (N = 12). The pooled prevalence of olfactory cleft opacification in patients with COVID‐19 infection and OD (63%, 95% CI = 0.38–0.82) was significantly higher than that in controls (4%, 95% CI = 0.01–0.13). Conversely, similar proportions of cases and controls demonstrated olfactory bulb signal abnormalities (88% and 94%) and olfactory mucosa abnormalities (2% and 0%). Descriptive analysis found that 55.6% and 43.5% of patients with COVID‐19 infection and OD had morphological abnormalities of the olfactory bulb and olfactory nerve, respectively, while 60.0% had abnormal olfactory bulb volumes.ConclusionOur findings implicate a conductive mechanism of OD, localized to the olfactory cleft, in approximately half of the affected COVID‐19 patients. Laryngoscope, 132:1260–1274, 2022
Poly(pentafluorobenzyl 2‐ylidene‐acetate): Polymerization and Postpolymerization Modification
Authors: Li Zengwen , Zhang Hongxin , Theato Patrick , Bräse Stefan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe polymerization of 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl 2‐diazoacetate is conducted at ambient temperature and catalyzed by [(l‐prolinate)RhI(1,5‐dimethyl‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene)] or [(l‐prolinate)RhI(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)] yielding C1 polymers with molecular weights of 3000–4000 g mol−1 and dispersity between 1.1 and 1.3. Incorporation of the pentafluorobenzyl group into the C1 polymer results in a different solubility when compare to its C2 analog poly(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl methacrylate). Efficient postmodifications via para‐fluoro‐thiol reaction with different thiols are conducted with this C1 polymethylene.
Mxene Reinforced Supramolecular Hydrogels with High Strength, Stretchability, and Reliable Conductivity for Sensitive Strain Sensors
Authors: Zeng Zhiwen , Yu Shan , Guo Cuiping , Lu Daohuan , Geng Zhijie , Pei Dating 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConductive hydrogels used as electronics have received much attention due to their great flexibility and stretchability. However, the fabrication of ideal conductive hydrogels fulfilling the excellent mechanical properties and outstanding sensitivity remains a great challenge until now. Moreover, high sensitivity and broad linearity range are pivotal for the feasibility and accuracy of hydrogel sensors. In this study, a conductive supramolecular hydrogel is engineered by directly mixing the aqueous dispersion of MXene with the precursor of N‐acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) monomer and then rapidly photo cross‐linked by UV irradiation. The resultant PNAGA/MXene hydrogel‐sensors exhibit high mechanical strength (4.8 MPa), great stretchability (630%), and excellent durability. The conductive hydrogel‐based sensor presents excellent conductivity (17.3 S m−1) and a wide scope of linear dependence of sensitivity on strain (0%–125%, gauge factor = 2.05). It displays reliable detection of various motions, including repeated subtle movements and large strain. It also shows good degradation in vitro and antifouling capability. This work may provide a simple and promising platform for engineering conductive supramolecular hydrogels with integrated high performance aiming for smart wearable electronics, electronic skin, soft robots, and human–machine interfacing.
Novel tunable dual‐band filter using evanescent‐mode cavity resonators
Authors: Lai Junchen , Yang Tao , Chi Pei‐Ling , Xu Ruimin , Yan Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a dual‐band filter with highly selective channels and independently tunable channels using evanescent‐mode cavity (EVA) is proposed. It consists of four EVA resonators, each of which is topped by a piezoelectric actuator, which is tuned with frequency. Four sets of varactors between two adjacent resonators are used to tune interstage coupling while four sets of varactors are used between ports and resonators for control of the external coupling. By governing resonant frequencies of the EVA resonators and coupling coefficients between adjacent resonators, the independent center frequency tuning ranges of the lower passband and higher passband of the dual‐filter are 2.05–2.55 and 2.35–2.75 GHz, respectively. Simulation and measurement results maintain the good agreement.
340 and 250 GHz Schottky solid‐state heterodyne receiver arrays for passive imaging systems
Authors: He Yue , Liu Ge , Zhou Jingshi , Huang Kun , Jiang Jun , Su Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReal‐time terahertz passive imaging systems are highly demanded in security checking application. In this paper, two four‐pixel receiver arrays for 340 and 250 GHz passive imaging systems are presented. As the core device of the front‐end of the receiving array, the low noise terahertz mixer is realized based on the enhanced Schottky diode model and low‐loss circuit structure. The minimum double side band (DSB) noise temperature of the separated 340 and 250 GHz mixers is 900 and 580 K, respectively, within the operational band‐width. Without considering fluctuation in the power gain, the calculated temperature sensitivity of 340 GHz receiver is 0.8 K with 40 GHz RF band. Finally, based on all‐solid‐state millimeter‐wave drive front end and reflector optics, a passive terahertz imaging system is completed. Less than 1 cm space resolution is achieved for 1–3 m object distances, and the distinct imaging to hidden threats is produced and made contrast among the two receiver arrays. The perfect imaging performances of the system verify the low noise characteristic of terahertz mixer. The Schottky solid‐state receiver array provides a cheap and feasible option for personal security screening.
A simulated comparison of lung tumor target verification using stereoscopic tomosynthesis or radiography
Authors: Hsieh Scott S. , Ng Lydia W. , Cao Minsong , Lee Percy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeMobile lung tumors are increasingly being treated with ablative radiotherapy, for which precise motion management is essential. In‐room stereoscopic radiography systems are able to guide ablative radiotherapy for stationary cranial lesions but not optimally for lung tumors unless fiducial markers are inserted. We propose augmenting stereoscopic radiographic systems with multiple small x‐ray sources to provide the capability of imaging with stereoscopic, single frame tomosynthesis.MethodsIn single frame tomosynthesis, nine x‐ray sources are placed in a 3 × 3 configuration and energized simultaneously. The beams from these sources are collimated so that they converge on the tumor and then diverge to illuminate nine non‐overlapping sectors on the detector. These nine sector images are averaged together and filtered to create the tomosynthesis effect. Single frame tomosynthesis is intended to be an alternative imaging mode for existing stereoscopic systems with a field of view that is three times smaller and a temporal resolution equal to the frame rate of the detector. We simulated stereoscopic tomosynthesis and radiography using Monte Carlo techniques on 60 patients with early‐stage lung cancer from the NSCLC‐Radiomics dataset. Two board‐certified radiation oncologists reviewed these simulated images and rated them on a 4‐point scale (1: tumor not visible; 2: tumor visible but inadequate for motion management; 3: tumor visible and adequate for motion management; 4: tumor visibility excellent). Each tumor was independently presented four times (two viewing angles from radiography and two viewing angles from tomosynthesis) in a blinded fashion over two reading sessions.ResultsThe fraction of tumors that were rated as adequate or excellent for motion management (scores 3 or 4) from at least one viewing angle was 53% using radiography and 90% using tomosynthesis. From both viewing angles, the corresponding fractions were 7% for radiography and 48% for tomosynthesis. Readers agreed exactly on 62% of images and within 1 point on 98% of images. The acquisition technique was estimated to be 75 mAs at 120 kVp per treatment fraction assuming one verification image per breath, approximately one order of magnitude less than a standard dose cone beam CT.Conclusions
Stereoscopic tomosynthesis may provide a noninvasive, low dose, intrafraction motion verification technique for lung tumors treated by ablative radiotherapy. The system architecture is compatible with real‐time video capture at 30 frames per second. Simulations suggest that most, but not all, lung tumors can be adequately visualized from at least one viewing angle.
Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger‐state Generation in Qubit‐Chains via a Single Landau‐Majorana‐Stückelberg‐Zener π/2‐pulse
Authors: Grimaudo Roberto , Vitanov Nikolay V. , Magalhães de Castro Antonio S. , Valenti Davide , Messina Antonino 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA protocol for generating Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states in a system of coupled qubits is proposed. The Hamiltonian model assumes ‐wise interactions between the qubits and the presence of a controllable time‐dependent field acting upon one spin only. The dynamical problem is exactly solved thanks to the symmetries of the Hamiltonian model. The possibility of generating GHZ states simulating our physical scenario under both adiabatic and non‐adiabatic conditions is within the reach of the experimentalists. This aspect is discussed in detail.