bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maturation and substrate processing topography of the Plasmodium falciparum invasion/egress protease plasmepsin X
Authors: Goldberg Daniel , Mukherjee Sumit , Sharma Eashan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During the intravascular stage of infection, the malaria parasite Plasmodium invades a host erythrocyte, multiplies within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and exits upon rupture of the PV and erythrocyte membranes in a process known as egress. Both egress and invasion are controlled by effector proteins discharged from specialized secretory organelles. The aspartic protease plasmepsin X (PM X) regulates activity for many of these effectors, but it is unclear how PM X accesses its diverse substrates that reside in different organelles. PM X also processes itself to generate different isoforms that remain present in terminal schizonts. The function of these different forms is not understood. We have mapped the autoprocessing cleavage sites and constructed parasites with cleavage site mutations. Surprisingly, all the cleavage mutant forms of PM X, including a quadruple mutant that remained full-length, retained in vitro activity, were trafficked normally in the parasites, and supported parasite growth and normal egress and invasion. Further analysis showed that the N-terminal half of the prodomain stays bound to the catalytic domain even after processing and is required for proper folding and intracellular trafficking of PM X. We find that this enzyme cleaves microneme and exoneme substrates before discharge, possibly in a common precursor organelle, while the rhoptry substrates that are dependent on PM X activity are cleaved after exoneme discharge into the PV. The data give insight into the temporal, spatial and biochemical control of this unusual but important aspartic protease.
Time-sensitive Prefrontal Involvement in Associating Confidence With Task Performance Illustrates Metacognitive Introspection in Monkeys
Authors: Cai Yudian , Jin Zhiyong , Zhai Chenxi , Wang Huiming , Wang Jijun , Tang Yingying , Kwok Sze Chai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Metacognition refers to the ability to be aware of one’s own cognition. Ample evidence indicates that metacognition in the human primate is highly dissociable from cognition, specialized across domains, and subserved by distinct neural substrates. However, these aspects remain relatively understudied in macaque monkeys. In the present study, we investigated the functionality of macaque metacognition by combining a confidence proxy, hierarchical Bayesian meta-d′ computational modelling, and a single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation technique. We found that Brodmann area 46d (BA46d) played a critical role in supporting metacognition independent of task performance; we also found that the critical role in of this region in meta-calculation was time-sensitive. Additionally, we report that macaque metacognition is highly domain-specific with respect to memory and perception decisions. These findings carry implications for our understanding of metacognitive introspection within the primate lineage.
Newborn skin maturity models for gestational age prediction
Authors: Reis Zilma Silveira Nogueira , Guimarães Rodney Nascimento , Romanelli Roberta Maia de Castro , Gaspar Juliano de Souza , Neves Gabriela Silveira , Vale Marynea Silva do , Nader Paulo de Jesus H , de Moura Martha David Rocha , Vitral Gabriela Luíza Nogueira , Reis Marconi Augusto Aguiar dos , Pereira Marcia Margarida Mendonça , Marques Patrícia Franco , Nader Silvana Salgado , Harff Augusta Luize , Beleza Ludmylla de Oliveira , de Castro Maria Eduarda Canellas , Souza Rayner Guilherme , Pappa Gisele Lobo , de Aguiar Regina Amélia Pessoa Lopes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

A multicenter clinical trial evaluated the accuracy of a novel device to detect preterm newborns. A portable multiband reflectance photometric device assessed 781 newborns’ skin maturity and used machine learning models to predict reference gestational age, adjusting it to birth weight and antenatal corticosteroid therapy exposure. The day difference between the reference and the test had a median of -1.4 (IQR: -2.1). Using established methods such as comparator ultrasound and last menstrual period (LMP), the medians were 0 (IQR: 4) and 0.01 (IQR: 4), respectively. For prematurity discrimination, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.986 (95% CI: 0.977 to 0.994). In newborns with absent or unreliable LMP, the intent-to-discriminate analysis showed that the test generated correct classifications 95.8% of the time. The assessment of the newborn's skin maturity adjusted by learning models promises accurate pregnancy dating at birth without the use of antenatal ultrasound reference.
The Effect of Isometric Hip External Rotation on Lower Extremity Muscles Activities During Pelvic Drop With Different Positions of the Hip Rotation in Subjects With and Without Genu Valgum: Controlled Laboratory Study
Authors: piran Roghayeh Jalil , Babakhani Farideh , Balochi Ramin , Hatefi Mohamadreza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Gluteus medius muscle (Gmed) dysfunction has been confirmed as a functional defect in subjects with Genu Valgum Deformity (GVD). In relation to these subjects, increase Gmed activity without synergist muscles dominance is considered as part of a specialized exercise program. Methods: A total of thirty female recreational athletes with (n=15) and without (n=15) GVD participated in this study. Surface electromyography measured Gmed, tensor fascia latae (TFL), and quadratus lumborum (QL) muscles activity when subjects performed pelvic drop (PD) in three different positions of hip rotations with and without applied isometric hip external rotation force. Results: There were differences in muscle activity between GVD and healthy subjects. The Gmed/TFL and Gmed/QL muscles activity ratio altered when placing the hip in different rotation positions and applying isometric load. Conclusions: The lower extremity muscles activity is affected by GVD, and changing the positions of the hip rotation in the PD task can be associated with altered muscle activity in both GVD and healthy Groups. However, applying isometric hip external rotation during PD can be suggested as an effective intervention to increase Gmed activity.
Effects Of Sleep Paralysis On Human Psychology
Authors: Sudais Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sleep paralysis is a state of consciousness experienced while waking from sleep or falling asleep. It is characterized by an experience of being unable to move for several seconds or minutes. Sleep paralysis entails a period of paralysis upon waking or falling asleep and is often accompanied by terrifying hallucinations. Many stressful environmental factors which cause emotional stress also induce sleep paralysis. In addition to stressful environmental factors being associated with the condition, there appears to be a dominant genetic factor associated with the predisposition for developing sleep paralysis. The implications of these findings for stress, anxiety, and sleep are discussed. Almost three hundred people from various age groups of Karachi city were targeted as the respondents. A multifactor questionnaire was constructed to measure the effects of sleep paralysis – independent variable, and the human psychology – dependent variable. Regression analysis was performed and proposed two models using SPSS. The results of statistical tests were concluded in a way that how sleep paralysis effects a person’s life. The final results showed the effects of sleep paralysis on one’s psychology and personal life.
Microstructural Evolution And Mechanical Properties of FCAW Joints In 9% Ni Steel Prepared With Two Types of Ni-Based Weld Metals
Authors: Hwang Jiyong , Choi Kwangsu , Lee Sang Min , Jung Hyo Yun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The microstructural and mechanical evaluation of 9% Ni steel with Flux-Cored Arc Welding was performed with two different Ni-based weld metals: Inconel 625 and Hastelloy 609. Weld metals showed the microstructural change depending on the temperature gradient and crystal growth rate for each region during the cooling after welding. At the bottom of the weld metal, which is rapidly cooled in contact with the cold base metal, a cellular/planar growth was exhibited due to a large temperature gradient and low crystal growth rate. While, columnar dendrites were exhibited in the central region cooled relatively slowly and precipitates were observed in the interdendritic region. In the low-temperature toughness test, the absorbed impact energies were 89 and 55 J for Inconel 625 and Hastelloy 609, respectively. When Inconel 625 is used as the weld metal compared to Hastelloy 609, the high content of the γ stabilizer and martensite start temperature decreasing elements leads to the formation of a thicker γ-phase layer and thinner martensite layer in the transition region. In addition, high content of these elements suppresses the martensite transformation and maintains the stability of the weld joint interface even at low temperatures, resulting in the higher absorbed impact energy.
Genomic Insights Into Chemosynthetic Symbiosis in a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Mussel
Authors: Zhang Kai , Xiao Yao , Sun Jin , Xu Ting , Zhou Kun , Kwan Yick Hang , Qiu Jianwen , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria has allowed many invertebrates to flourish in ‘extreme’ deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, such as hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. Bathymodioline mussels are considered as models of deep-sea animal-bacteria symbiosis, but the diversity of molecular mechanisms governing host-symbiont interactions remains understudied owing to the lack of hologenomes. In this study, we adopted a total hologenome approach in sequencing the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus marisindicus and the endosymbiont genomes combined with a transcriptomic and proteomic approach that explore the mechanisms of symbiosis. Results Here, we provide the first coupled mussel-endosymbiont genome assembly. Comparative genome analysis revealed that both Bathymodiolus marisindicus and its endosymbiont reshape their genomes through the expansion of gene families, likely due to chemosymbiotic adaptation. Functional differentiation of host immune-related genes and attributes of symbiont self-protection that likely facilitate the establishment of endosymbiosis. Hologenomic analyses offer new evidence that metabolic complementarity between the host and endosymbionts enables the host to compensate for its inability to synthesize some essential nutrients, and two pathways (digestion of symbionts and molecular leakage of symbionts) that can supply the host with symbiontderived nutrients. Results also showed that bacteriocin and abundant toxins of symbiont may contribute to the defense of the B. marisindicus holobiont. Moreover, an exceptionally large number of anti-virus systems were identified in the B. marisindicus symbiont, which likely work synergistically to efficiently protect their hosts from phage infection, indicating virus-bacteria interactions in intracellular environments of a deepsea vent mussel. Conclusions Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of symbiosis enabling deep-sea mussels to successfully colonize the special hydrothermal vent habitats.
Carbon-Coated Nanopowder as Sintering Aid for Water-Atomized Iron Powder
Authors: Manchili Swathi Kiranmayee , Liu Fang , Hryha Eduard , Nyborg Lars 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The influence of carbon coating on the nanopowder when used as a sintering aid for water-atomized iron powder is explored. Iron nanopowder without such a coating was used as a reference sintering aid to isolate and depict the influence of the carbon coating. Both nanopowder variants were characterized using XPS and HRTEM, and the results showed a core-shell structure for both nanopowder variants. Iron nanopowder is covered by a 3-4 nm thick iron oxide layer, while the carbon-coated nanopowder is encapsulated with a number of nanometric carbon layers. Thermogravimetry carried out in a pure hydrogen environment shows a multipeak behaviour for carbon-coated nanopowder, while a single peak behaviour is observed for the iron nanopowder. This difference was correlated with chemical analysis. Two types of micro/nanobimodal powders were obtained by mixing the nanopowder with water-atomized iron powder. An improved linear shrinkage was observed when carbon-coated iron nanopowder was added. This can be explained by the reduced surface diffusion in the nanopowder due to the carbon coating, which allows the nanopowder to sinter at higher temperatures and improves densification.
Healthcare professionals' experience of performing digital care visits - a scoping review
Authors: Lampickienė Ieva , Davoody Nadia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The use of patient initiated digital care visits has been increasing and even more so in the era of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Learning more about healthcare professionals’ experience of using such technology would provide valuable insight and a basis for improvement of digital visits.Aim: This study sought to explore the existing literature on healthcare professionals’ experience of performing digital care visits.Methods: A scoping review was performed following Arksey & O’Malley’s proposed framework and utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses – Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Three large databases – PubMed, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore were searched, and 28 studies were included in the review. The collected data was analyzed using thematic content analysis.Results: Five main themes were identified in the literature: positive experiences/benefits, facilitators, negative experiences/challenges, barriers, and suggestions for improvement. Healthcare professionals mostly reported having overall positive experience with digital visits and saw benefits for themselves and the patients – efficiency, convenience, accessibility, and new perspectives in remote care to name a few. However, opinions were mixed or negative regarding the complexity of decision making, workload and workflow, suitability of this type of care and other challenges. The suggestions for improvement included training and education, improvements within system and tools and support for professionals.Conclusion: Despite overall positive experience and benefits for both professionals and patients, clinicians reported challenges and issues they faced when using digital care visits: physical barriers, technical issues, suitability concerns and others. Digital care visits could not fully replace face-to face visits.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Concentrated Growth Factor and Platelet-Poor Plasma on the Healing of Tooth Extraction Sockets in Rabbits
Authors: Li Siying , Yang Hongyi , Duan Qinyu , Bao Hongyu , Li Aodi , Li Wei , He Yun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background：Autologous platelet concentrate has been widely used to encourage the regeneration of hard and soft tissues. Up to now, there are three generations of autologous platelet concentrates. Many studies have shown that different autologous platelet concentrates have different healing effects. However, these differences still need to be further verified and discussed. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the effects of platelet-rich fibrin, concentrated growth factor and platelet-poor plasma on the healing of tooth extraction sockets in New Zealand rabbits. Methods：A total of 24 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits aged 8-12 weeks were selected. The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups: three experimental groups were respectively implanted with PPP, CGF and PRF gel after bilateral mandibular anterior teeth were extracted, and the control group did not implant any material. The alveolar bone of the mandibular anterior region was taken at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation. The height and width of the extraction wound were detected by CBCT, the growth of the new bone was observed by HE and Masson staining, and the expression of osteogenic genes was detected by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical package 22.0.Results: The radiological results showed that alveolar bone absorption in all groups gradually increased over time. However, the experimental groups showed lower amounts of bone absorption. The histological results showed that new bone formation was observed in all groups. Over time, the new bone trabeculae of the CGF group became closely aligned while those in the PPP and PRF groups remained scattered. PCR results showed that the expression of BMP-2 and ALP was higher in the experimental groups than the control group.Conclusion: In conclusion, the application of PRF, CGF and PPP in tooth extraction sockets effectively promoted bone regeneration. CGF showed more effective bone induction and tissue regeneration ability in the long term.
One-Step Preparation of RGO/Fe3O4-Fevo4 Nanocomposites As Highly Effective Photocatalysts Under Natural Sunlight Illumination
Authors: Alsulami Qana A. , Rajeh A. , Mannaa Mohammed A. , Albukhari Soha M. , Baamer Doaa F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The study used a one-step hydrothermal method to prepare Fe3O4-FeVO4 and xRGO/Fe3O4-FeVO4 nanocomposites. XRD, TEM, EDS, XPS, DRS, and PL techniques were used to examine the structurally and morphologically properties of the prepared samples. The XRD results appeared that the Fe3O4-FeVO4 has a triclinic crystal structure. Under hydrothermal treatment, (GO) was effectively reduced to (RGO) as illustrated by XRD and XPS results. UV-Vis analysis revealed that the addition of RGO enhanced the absorption in the visible region and narrowed the band gap energy. The photoactivities of the prepared samples were evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB), phenol and brilliant green (BG) under sunlight illumination. As indicated by all the nanocomposites, photocatalytic activity was higher than the pure Fe3O4-FeVO4 photocatalyst, and the highest photodegradation efficiency of MB and phenol was shown by the 10%RGO/Fe3O4-FeVO4. In addition, the study examined the mineralization (TOC), photodegradation process, and photocatalytic reaction kinetics of MB and phenol.
Development of a Textile Based Protein Sensor for Monitoring the Healing Progress of a Wound
Authors: ElSaboni Yomna , Hunt John A. , Moffatt Christine , Wei Yang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the design and fabrication of flexible textile-based protein sensors to be embedded in wound dressings. Chronic wounds require continuous monitoring to prevent further complications and to determine the best course of treatment in the case of infection. As proteins are essential for the progression of wound healing, they can be used as an indicator of wound status. Through measuring protein concentrations, the sensor can assess and monitor the wound condition continuously as a function of time. The protein sensor consists of electrodes that are directly screen printed using both silver and carbon composite inks on polyester nonwoven fabric which was deliberately selected as this is one of the common backing fabrics currently used in wound dressings. Three sensor designs were investigated to determine if any were suitable for protein detection. These sensors were experimentally evaluated and compared to each other by using albumin protein in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). A comprehensive set of cyclic voltammetry measurements were used to determine the optimal sensor design to provide the measurement of protein in solution. The best sensor was comprised of only silver conductive ink present to form the tracks outside the interface zone and a carbon only layer in the working and counter electrodes at the interface zone. This design prevents the formation of silver dioxide and protects the sensor from rapid decay, which allows for the recording of consecutive measurements using the same sensor. The chosen printed protein sensor was able to detect BSA at varying concentrations ranging from 30-0.3 mg/ml with a sensitivity of 0.0026µA/M.
Pseudogene HLA-DRB6 Regulates Immune Microenvironment of Cutaneous Melanoma by miR-338/CXCL10 Axis
Authors: Ren Jianmin , Yu Jinglu , Shi Yang , Khan Inam Ullah , Huang Jiansheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The relationship between the pseudogene and tumor immune microenvironment in cutaneous melanoma is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the role of the pseudogene HLA-DRB6 and its effect on the tumor immune microenvironment in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) using bioinformatics tools. Method: The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression of HLA-DRB6 and CXCL10 mRNA in tumor tissues. The TIMER database was used to analyze the relationship between mRNA levels and the infiltration of immune cells. The enrichment of HLA-DRB6 and CXCL10 in melanoma tissues was analyzed by single cell portal. The binding sites of HLA-DRB6 with its target genes was predicted via starBase database. The gene expression profiling and clinical data from GEO database (GSE94873) was used to verify the potential of CXCL10 as a biomarker. Result: The expression of HLA-DRB6 in SKCM tumor is higher than in normal tissues, and patients with high HLA-DRB6 expression had a better prognosis (P<0.05). Furthermore, HLA-DRB6 is positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells such as B cells, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Single cell transcriptome sequencing data showed that HLA-DRB6 is mainly enriched in macrophages and had the highest correlation with CXCL10 than other chemokines (cor=0.66, P<0.0001). In addition, we found that CXCL10 can be used as a potential biomarker for predicting responsiveness and survival rate in SKCM patients who treated with Tremelimumab (a human anti-CTLA-4 antibody). Conclusion: In the microenvironment of SKCM, HLA-DRB6 is mainly enriched in macrophages and regulates the expression of CXCL10 through the ceRNA mechanism. Furthermore, the CXCL10 in peripheral blood can be used as a biomarker to predict the responsiveness and the prognosis for patients treated with tremelimumab.