bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of validation and cross-verification of the ROK/B design code on the problem of loss of cooling in the spent fuel pool *
Authors: Sledkov Ruslan M. , Karnaukhov Valery Ye. , Stepanov Oleg Ye. , Bedretdinov Mark M. , Chusov Igor A. 
Published: June 2022

The procedures of validation and cross-verification of the newly developed computational code ROK/B are described. The main problem solved using the ROK/B code is the substantiation by calculation of the coolant density in the spent fuel pool (SFP) and the temperature regime of the fuel assemblies during a protracted shutdown of the cooling systems (break in the supply of cooling water). In addition to the above, it is possible to use the ROK/B code to carry out calculation of an accident with the discharge of the coolant from the SFP with simultaneous prolonged shutdown of the cooling systems.
The ROK/B code allows carrying out calculations for various types of designs of the fuel assemblies and VVER reactors, in particular, VVER-1000, VVER-1200 and VVER-440 power units with single- and two-tiered fuel assembly arrangement, with clad pipes in racks (for compacted assemblies storage) and pipes without cladding, with cased assemblies and caseless ones.
During fuel reloading, a high level of the coolant is maintained, which makes it possible to do “wet” transportation of the assemblies from the reactor to the SFP. The mathematical model for heat and mass transfer calculation, including the boiling coolant model, implemented in the ROK/B code, includes: the motion equation, equations for calculating the enthalpy along the height of the fuel section of a fuel assembly with natural circulation of coolant within the channel containing the fuel assembly (lifting section) and in the inter-channel space (lowering section), the equation of mass balance between the channels of the racks with assemblies and in the inter-assembly space and the amount of evaporated (and outflowed) water, the heat balance equation for a fuel rod in a steam environment. The system of equations is supplemented by closing relations for calculating the thermal physics properties of water and steam, fuel and cladding materials, as well as the coefficients of heat transfer from the wall to the steam, hydraulic resistance and density of the steam-water mixture in the channels, and the heat released in the reaction of steam with zirconium.
Validation of the computational code was carried out on the basis of the data of the ALADIN experiment performed by German specialists and the data of JSC OKB Gidropress. Cross-verification of the ROK/B code was carried out in comparison with the results of calculation using the KORSAR/GP and SOKRAT/B1 codes. Based on the results of the validation, it has been concluded that the deviation of the ROK/B results from the experimental data is not more than 2 to 10% (10% for the option with a fuel rod power of 20 W). Based on the results of cross-verification, it has been concluded that the discrepancy between the ROK/B results and the calculation results for the KORSAR/GP and SOKRAT/B1 codes is not more than 0.5% (for SOKRAT/V1) and less than 10% (for KORSAR/GP).
Efficacy of propofol versus ketamine in modified electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Guha Debarshi , Sheshadri Kiran , Singh Shalendra , Bhan Sonia 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on seizure duration, hemodynamics, and recovery of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Methods:
This prospective randomized trial included patients who had undergone ECT under anesthesia. Patients received injection of propofol 1.5 mg/kg i.v. (the propofol group) or ketamine 0.8-1.2 mg/kg i.v. (the ketamine group) during ECT. Seizure duration, hemodynamics, and recovery were recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results:
This trial included 44 patinets with 22 patients receiving propofol and 22 patients receiving ketamine. The total dose of propofol and ketamine was (105.68±25.27) mg and (81.36±24.55) mg, respectively. The motor seizure and electroencephalogram seizure duration were prolonged in the ketamine group (P<0.001). The hemodynamics at the admission of the two groups were comparable (P>0.05); however, the mean systolic blood pressure during the procedure was significantly higher in the ketamine group (P=0.04). Besides, spontaneous eye-opening in the ketamine group took longer than that of the propofol group (P=0.001).

Conclusion:
Both propofol and ketamine are safe as anesthetic agents for modified ECT, and ketamine provides a longer seizure duration without hemodynamic instability or any significant complication.
Sudden cardiac death in a case of Crohn's disease with COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Ghosh Subhajit , Kumar Abhyuday , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Prem 
Published: June 2022

Rationale:
The mechanism of sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 can be multifactorial. Cardiac hypersensitivity to 5-ASA therapy leading to myocarditis has been reported in some cases. Cytokine storm syndrome and idiosyncratic reaction with mesalazine use may lead to sudden cardiac death in COVID-19. Use of immunosuppressants in hospitalized COVID-19 patients should be continued with caution, especially in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patient's concern:
A 75-year-old man who was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 was admitted with a history of shortness of breath for the last two days. He was a known case of Crohn's disease treated with mesalazine.

Diagnosis:
COVID-19 pneumonia with underlying Crohn's disease leading to sudden cardiac death.

Intervention:
Remdesivir, antibiotics, steroids, low molecular weight heparin, tablet zinc, tab vitamin C, and other supportive treatment were started. Because of increased inflammatory markers, itolizumab was given to the patient on the 2nd day.

Outcome:
On the 5th day of the intensive care unit, the patient complained of sudden chest pain with respiratory distress leading to bradycardia and asystole and could not be resuscitated.

Lessons:
Causes for sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 pneumonia patients with Crohn's disease is multifactorial. Although mesalazine may be a safe and effective drug in the management of inflammatory bowel disease, it can induce sytokine strom syndrome and idiosyncratic reactions that could be one of the reasons of sudden cardic death. Therefore, we should be aware of its serious and potentially life-threatening complications, especially in COVID-19 infected patients.
Comparison of Hemoglobin Values Obtained by Arterial Blood Gas Analysis versus Laboratory Method during Major Head-and-Neck Surgeries
Authors: Rajan Sunil , Tosh Pulak , Isaac Maria , Sasikumar Niranjan Kumar , Subramanian Avanthi , Paul Jerry , Kumar Lakshmi 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Accuracy of hemoglobin (Hb) measured by arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzer is considered inferior to laboratory (lab) measurements as it could overestimate Hb levels.

Aim of the Study:
The study aims to compare Hb measured using ABG versus conventional lab method at the time of major blood loss and in the preoperative and immediate postoperative periods.

Settings and Design:
It was a prospective, nonrandomized observational study conducted in a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted in 24 patients undergoing major head-and-neck surgeries. Simultaneous blood samples were sent for Hb measurement by ABG analysis and lab method at induction of anesthesia, when intraoperative blood loss exceeded maximum allowable blood loss, and in the immediate postoperative period.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test, independent sample's t-test, and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Mean Hb values obtained by both techniques were significantly different at all time points. Hb obtained by ABG analysis was significantly higher than lab value preoperatively (12.78 ± 2.51 vs. 12.05 ± 2.2, P = 0.038), at maximum blood loss (11.00 ± 2.57 vs. 9.87 ± 2.06, P = 0.006), and in the immediate postoperative period (11.96 ± 2.00 vs. 10.96 ± 2.24 P < 0.001). ABG Hb values were found to be approximately 1 g.dL−1 greater than lab values.

Conclusion:
Hb measured by ABG analysis was significantly higher than that measured by lab method at the time of major blood loss, preoperatively, and at the immediate postoperative period in patients undergoing major head-and-neck surgeries, with a good correlation of values obtained by both the techniques.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding sterilization protocol among dental students at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mehrotra Vishal , Aslam Shazia , Garg Kriti , Srivastava Rahul , Sinha Pallavi , Kiran Jyoti 
Published: June 2022

Context:
Infection control and prevention is an major part of patient care. Concerns about the possible spread of blood-borne diseases and the impact of emerging highly contagious respiratory and other illnesses require practitioners to establish, evaluate, continually update, and monitor their infection prevention and control strategies and protocols.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental students about sterilization protocol.

Settings and Design:
A questionnaire-based survey was conducted.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 220 dental students comprising undergraduates and postgraduates participated in the survey where they were provided to fill a modified pretested, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 10 questions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were collected, compiled, arranged systematically, and analyzed in terms of percentage and frequencies. Participant's response was calculated and expressed as percentages and frequency.

Results:
The clinical dental students showed a positive level of awareness, knowledge, and practice toward the sterilization protocols and infection control in their day-to-day practice.

Conclusions:
Dental care professionals are at an increased risk of cross-infection as well as its transmission while treating the patients. This study is based on to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental students about sterilization protocol.
Neonatal Jaundice: Knowledge and Practices of Healthcare Providers and Trainees in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Barclay Eta , Ojo Ifelayo , Hake Anne , Oyenuga Abayomi , Satrom Katherine , Lund Troy , Oyenuga Mosunmoluwa , Slusher Tina , Gbadero Daniel 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Severe neonatal jaundice (SNNJ) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Risk mitigation and management modalities for SNNJ have led to marked reduction in complications in high-income countries but not in LMICs likely in part due to knowledge gaps among healthcare providers. This study, a cross-sectional study conducted in Ogbomosho, Nigeria, aimed to identify SNNJ knowledge and practices among Nigerian healthcare providers/trainees. Healthcare providers/trainees completed a structured questionnaire. Healthcare providers/trainees included are nurse midwives (33.4%), nurses (18.6%), nursing students (15.2%), traditional birth attendants (TBAs) (12.7%), physicians (10.2%), and medical students (9.9%). Most physicians were aware of the common causes of SNNJ; however, knowledge deficits in other groups were notable. Despite most providers endorsing that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency can cause SNNJ (91% of physicians, 60% of nurses, 71% of midwives, 81% of medical students, 43% of nursing students, 7% of TBAs), very few providers recognized that it is common, ranging from 3% in nurses up to a high of 47% among medical students. Gaps in provider knowledge regarding preventative measures and sequela were also noted. These data identified significant knowledge gaps regarding the etiology of SNNJ among healthcare providers/trainees, which can lead to missed opportunities in effective prevention and treatment. These deficits must be addressed if we are to eliminate tragic and preventable complications from SNNJ in Nigeria and other LMICs.
Impact of Agricultural Irrigation on Anemia in Western Kenya
Authors: Omondi Collince J. , Ochwedo Kevin O. , Athiany Henry , Onyango Shirley A. , Odongo David , Otieno Antony , Orondo Pauline , Ondeto Benyl M. , Lee Ming-Chieh , Kazura James W. , Githeko Andrew K. , Yan Guiyun 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
Expanding agricultural irrigation efforts to enhance food security and socioeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa may affect malaria transmission and socioeconomic variables that increase the risk of anemia in local communities. We compared the prevalence of anemia, Plasmodium falciparum infection, and indicators of socioeconomic status related to nutrition in communities in Homa Bay County, Kenya, where an agricultural irrigation scheme has been implemented, to that in nearby communities where there is no agricultural irrigation. Cross-sectional surveys conducted showed that anemia prevalence defined by WHO criteria (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) was less in communities in the irrigated areas than in the non-irrigated areas during the wet season (38.9% and 51.5%, χ2 = 4.29, P = 0.001) and the dry season (25.2% and 34.1%, χ2 = 7.33, P = 0.007). In contrast, Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence was greater during the wet season in irrigated areas than in non-irrigated areas (15.3% versus 7.8%, χ2 = 8.7, P = 0.003). There was, however, no difference during the dry season (infection prevalence, < 1.8%). Indicators of nutritional status pertinent to anemia pathogenesis such as weekly consumption of non–heme- and heme-containing foods and household income were greater in communities located within the irrigation scheme versus those outside the irrigation scheme (P < 0.0001). These data indicate that current agricultural irrigation schemes in malaria-endemic communities in this area have reduced the risk of anemia. Future studies should include diagnostic tests of iron deficiency, parasitic worm infections, and genetic hemoglobin disorders to inform public health interventions aimed at reducing community anemia burden.
Surgical Site Infections after Spinal Surgery in a Tropical Area: A Prospective Monocentric Observational Study
Authors: Severyns Mathieu , Hostalrich François-Xavier , Flurin Laure , Vendeuvre Tanguy , Germaneau Arnaud , Turmel Jean-Marie , Cabié André , Benchikh El-Fegoun Abdelkrim 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
To date, no study has described the microbiological profile of surgical site infections (SSIs) after spine surgery in a tropical environment. The main objective of this study is to describe the microbiology and the risk factors of SSI after spinal surgery in a tropical climate. Our hypothesis is that the microbiology of SSIs in tropical areas is different to what is mainly described in temperate countries. As a consequence, the recommendation for antibiotic prophylaxis administered in the operative room, which mainly relays on the literature, might not be adequate in such countries. We included 323 consecutive patients who underwent a spinal intervention between 2017 and 2019, with a 2-year minimum follow-up. Objective ISO criteria were established in accordance with the criteria accepted by the Center of Disease Control in Atlanta. The identification of risk factors for SSI was carried out by uni- and multivariate analysis with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. The incidence of SSI was 7.7%. A total of 54.8% were in favor of a predominantly digestive origin of germs with an average of 1.68 bacteria found by ISO. Inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis was found in 54.8%. Age and body mass index were found to be independent risk factors for SSI. We report here an unusual microbiological profile of SSI with a predominance of gram-negative bacteria and a low proportion of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Dracunculiasis Eradication: End-Stage Challenges
Authors: Hopkins Donald R. , Weiss Adam J. , Torres-Velez Fernando J. , Sapp Sarah G. H. , Ijaz Kashef 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT.
This report summarizes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program as of the end of 2021. Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) has been eliminated from 17 of 21 countries where it was endemic in 1986, when an estimated 3.5 million cases occurred worldwide. Only Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, and South Sudan reported cases in humans in 2021. Chad, Ethiopia, and Mali also reported indigenous infections of animals, mostly domestic dogs, with Dracunculus medinensis. Insecurity and infections in animals are the main obstacles remaining to interrupting dracunculiasis transmission completely.
Effectiveness of Activity-Based Therapy for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury in Promoting Static and Dynamic Sitting Balance: Is Olfactory Mucosa Autograft a Factor?
Authors: Larson Cathy A. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Activity-based therapy (ABT) appears to improve outcomes for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, few studies have examined sitting static and dynamic balance. It was unknown whether individuals after SCI who elected to undergo an olfactory mucosa autograft (OMA) would respond differently to ABT.

Objectives
The first objective was to assess changes in sitting strength (static) and dynamic balance in a group of individuals with SCI undergoing intensive ABT. The second objective was to determine whether sitting balance changes would be different for those who had participated in ABT after the OMA versus those who had ABT alone.

Methods
A handheld dynamometer measured peak force (sitting strength) and the multi-directional reach test measured dynamic balance (n = 16).

Results
ABT (average dose: 7 hours per week over 4.6 months) appeared to promote improvements in sitting strength in four directions (0.6–0.8 kg per month) and dynamic balance in four of five directions (0.7–1.3 cm per month). Individuals who had undergone an OMA had similar, but not greater, improvements in static and dynamic balance when compared with those who had ABT alone. It is unknown whether balance improvements resulted from natural or other factors.

Conclusion
ABT may have contributed to balance changes in individuals with SCI. Although small improvements in sitting static and dynamic balance did occur, future research documenting therapy intervention details and ABT dose-response in larger groups of individuals with SCI must be performed to provide guidance as to the optimal, effective ABT dose required to generate clinically meaningful functional improvements.
Eco-friendly food preservation: Studies on the synergistic preservative effect of Chitosan and soap nut solution
Authors: Noorjahan S.E  , Porchezhiyan V  
Published: June 2022

Chitosan (CS), the antimicrobial, biopolymer with film forming nature, has been used as a topical preservative for food items like vegetables, fruits, and even for sea food.1In order to have different choices for preservation; we need to search for more materials with such properties. Soap nut (SN), whose botanical name is Sapindus mukorossi, seems to have similar properties. It is saponin, the major component present in soap nut, which is responsible for its antimicrobial and film forming property. There are many reports to support that up to a certain limit saponin can be used for edible purpose.2In this study the synergistic preservative effect of chitosan and soap nut aqueous solutions on fruits and vegetables was evaluated. At first, the antimicrobial effect of CS, SN and [CS+SN] in the film form was studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli. As expected the film CS+SN exhibited more antimicrobial activity with 25 mm and 23mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli respectively. The potential of CS+SN as a preservative was evaluated by spraying a known concentration on different regional fruits like lemon, banana, tomato and orange. Different concentrations of [CS+SN] - 250ppm and 125ppm, along with CS-500ppm, SN-500ppm and water, were compared, where water served as the control. Fruits sprayed with [CS+SN]-250ppm solution, showed significant delay in the change of weight loss, decay percentage, pH, as compared to control fruits. It also maintained better visual quality than CS and SN coated as well as control samples. These findings suggest that [CS+SN], with its synergistic preservative potential will maintain the fruit quality and lead to better acceptance by consumers. Thus Chitosan along with soap nut solution will be a cost effective, eco-friendly and easy to utilize preservative system.
Analisis Pelayanan Retribusi Daerah Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB) Dalam Tercapainya Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Yang Optimal di Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Medan
Authors: Zahra Aninda ,  Arnida  Arnida , Lubis Wahyuni 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the implementation of services and the IMB levy budget, especially in the service of building permits in the investment office and one-stop integrated service in Medan City. The type of survey conducted is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used direct interviews, observations and documents in the form of documents, archives, and literature related to the quality of IMB services and public services at BPPT Medan City. The data analysis carried out is a qualitative analysis with a descriptive approach. The result is that the Medan City BPPT in the implementation of IMB services is going well, although there are still some obstacles faced in optimizing the quality of public services in order to achieve the quality of public services. It shows that. Human resources and infrastructure. Conclusion Based on the survey, IMB services at BPPT Medan Cit y have been implemented well, but there are some aspects that are not optimal. To improve the quality of public services in a more optimal direction, we need to be efficient, economical and minimize the obstacles we face .
Keywords: Building Permit , IMB Retribution Budget, Public Servic
Efektivitas Penagihan Pajak Aktif dengan Surat Teguran, Surat Paksa, dan Surat Pelaksanaan Melakukan Penyitaan terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan Pada KPP Pratama Rantau Prapat
Authors: Ummammy Rizah , Wahyuni Lubis Arnida 
Published: June 2022

The main and largest source of income in Indonesia today is from taxes. Taxes are used to finance government expenditures needed to increase national development and improve the welfare of citizens. In order to achieve the effectiveness and efficiency of tax collection, DGT continues to improve law enforcement through passive and active tax collection activities. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of active tax collection with a letter of reprimand, a letter of compulsion, and a letter of execution to confiscate income tax receipts at KPP Pratama Rantau Prapat. The analytical method used in this study is descriptive analysis to provide an overview of whether tax collection with a letter of reprimand, a letter of compulsion, and a letter of execution for confiscation has been effective or not. The research data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of descriptive ratios. The test results show that tax collection with letters of reprimand and letters of compulsion in 2020 and 2021 is classified as ineffective. Therefore, the Head of KPP Pratama Rantau Prapat must make various efforts both internally and externally to improve the efficiency of tax collection in his working area.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Tax Collection, Warrant, Forced Letter, Warrant Doing Foreclosure