bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of food preference and competition based on stomach contents of fish species inhabiting fresh and brackish waters in South Korea
Authors: Ji Chang Woo , Lee Dae‐Seong , Lee Da‐Yeong , Park Young‐Seuk , Kwak Ihn‐Sil 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe analysed the stomach contents of fish species inhabiting fresh and brackish waters of South Korea to improve our understanding of feeding preferences and competition among them. The stomach contents of 54 fish species contained 237 genera, 187 families, 84 orders, 37 classes and 25 phyla. Faunal food items included 164 genera, 129 families, 47 orders, 23 classes and 16 phyla. Floral food items were relatively limited, comprising 73 genera, 58 families, 37 orders, 14 classes and nine phyla. The most consumed faunal food item was Chironomidae (Diptera), whereas the most consumed floral food item was Fragilariaceae (Fragilariales). The 54 fish species were classified into six groups using hierarchical and nonmetric multidimensional analysis based on their food preferences: Group 1 (G1) fishes were zooplanktivores; group 2 (G2) fishes mainly consumed Malacostraca, Maxillopoda and other fishes (e.g. Osmeriformes); groups 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) consumed Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta; and groups 5 (G5) and 6 (G6) consumed macroinvertebrates. Network analysis was used to link fishes with their food items. The highest hub score for food items was for macroinvertebrates, including Diptera (13.9), Ephemeroptera (11.1) and Trichoptera (8.2). Niche breadth analysis represented the diversity of food items among the feeding groups (G1–G6). Food item diversity was high for planktivores (G1 and G3) and omnivores (G4). Conversely, the dietary diversity of carnivores (G2) and insectivores (G5) was limited. Competitive relationships between fishes, as represented by the niche overlap in G5 (insectivores), were higher than those between other groups.
“Where Do You Draw the Line?”: Working Out the Boundaries between “Art” and “Non‐Art” in Life Drawing Classes
Authors: Steinbock Rotem , Goodman Yehuda C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased on participant observations in life drawing classes at an art academy in Jerusalem, this article examines the diverse ways artists‐in‐the‐making work out the boundaries between “art” and “non‐art.” First, the classes serve as a rite of passage in which actors deploy discursive, spatial, and sensorial practices to relate to and represent the live model as a unique object of art. Second, using the model evokes moral deliberations through which students attempt to articulate how an “artistic” way of seeing the body differs from other uses of an exposed (mainly female) body prevalent in society. Third, students positioned as religiousothersnegotiate their participation in this Western artistic tradition, using their alterity to destabilize the art/non‐art boundary. These various negotiations demonstrate how the “art” category and art students’ sense of an artistic self, body, and belonging are formed through a pragmatic, relational, and multifaceted boundary work.
Faster ocean warming threatens richest areas of marine biodiversity
Authors: Brown Stuart C. , Mellin Camille , García Molinos Jorge , Lorenzen Eline D. , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe vulnerability of marine biodiversity to accelerated rates of climatic change is poorly understood. By developing a new method for identifying extreme oceanic warming events during Earth's most recent deglaciation, and comparing these to 21st century projections, we show that future rates of ocean warming will disproportionately affect the most speciose marine communities, potentially threatening biodiversity in more than 70% of current‐day global hotspots of marine species richness. The persistence of these richest areas of marine biodiversity will require many species to move well beyond the biogeographic realm where they are endemic, at rates of redistribution not previously seen. Our approach for quantifying exposure of biodiversity to past and future rates of oceanic warming provides new context and scalable information for deriving and strengthening conservation actions to safeguard marine biodiversity under climate change.
Islands in the ice: Potential impacts of habitat transformation on Antarctic biodiversity
Authors: Lee Jasmine R. , Waterman Melinda J. , Shaw Justine D. , Bergstrom Dana M. , Lynch Heather J. , Wall Diana H. , Robinson Sharon A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAntarctic biodiversity faces an unknown future with a changing climate. Most terrestrial biota is restricted to limited patches of ice‐free land in a sea of ice, where they are adapted to the continent's extreme cold and wind and exploit microhabitats of suitable conditions. As temperatures rise, ice‐free areas are predicted to expand, more rapidly in some areas than others. There is high uncertainty as to how species' distributions, physiology, abundance, and survivorship will be affected as their habitats transform. Here we use current knowledge to propose hypotheses that ice‐free area expansion (i) will increase habitat availability, though the quality of habitat will vary; (ii) will increase structural connectivity, although not necessarily increase opportunities for species establishment; (iii) combined with milder climates will increase likelihood of non‐native species establishment, but may also lengthen activity windows for all species; and (iv) will benefit some species and not others, possibly resulting in increased homogeneity of biodiversity. We anticipate considerable spatial, temporal, and taxonomic variation in species responses, and a heightened need for interdisciplinary research to understand the factors associated with ecosystem resilience under future scenarios. Such research will help identify at‐risk species or vulnerable localities and is crucial for informing environmental management and policymaking into the future.
Compound impact of land use and extreme climate on the 2020 fire record of the Brazilian Pantanal
Authors: Ferreira Barbosa Maria Lucia , Haddad Isadora , da Silva Nascimento Ana Lucia , Máximo da Silva Gabriel , Moura da Veiga Renata , Hoffmann Tânia Beatriz , Rosane de Souza Anielli , Dalagnol Ricardo , Susin Streher Annia , Souza Pereira Francisca R. , Oliveira e Cruz de Aragão Luiz Eduardo , Oighenstein Anderson Liana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimOur aim was to quantify the influence of climate and land use on major fires that occurred during the 2020 drought over the Brazilian Pantanal region.LocationAlto Paraguay Basin, central‐western flank of Brazil.Time period2003–2020.MethodsWe calculated climatic and burned area anomalies and Spearman's correlation between precipitation and sea surface temperature (SST). We assessed water coverage to identify the impact of the 2020 drought. We produced fire recurrence maps, identified the areas that burned for the first time in 2020, and estimated the carbon loss. Lastly, we assessed the burned areas within land‐use classes and land tenure.ResultsThe anomalies showed that climatic variables in 2020 had an atypical behaviour, being hotter and drier than the historical average. The water surface area in the Pantanal has been decreasing annually from 2003, and in 2020 the reduction was 34% greater than the annual average. Burned areas in 2020 were 200% greater than the long‐term average, and 35% of the burned areas occurred for the first time in this year. We showed that 84% of these new fires occurred within natural vegetation, with 39% of the burned areas occurring in forests, an increase of 514%. Forest fires were responsible for 47% of the carbon loss in 2020. Finally, 70% of the fires in 2020 occurred within rural properties, 5% in indigenous lands and 10% in protected areas.Main conclusionsThe unprecedented fires in 2020 were not only a result of atypical climate, but also a consequence of the intensification of fire‐related human activities. Rural properties play a major role in Pantanal fires, requiring law enforcement and a consistent plan for increasing the protection of the conservation areas. We argue that ineffective fire prevention and the lack of suppression strategies were also key in enhancing the magnitude of these fires.
Revealing molecular architecture of FLT3 internal tandem duplication: Development and clinical validation of a web‐based application to generate accurate nomenclature
Authors: Ding Yi , Smith Geoffrey Hughes , Deeb Kristin , Schneider Thomas , Campbell Andrew , Zhang Linsheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionFLT3 internal tandem duplicate (ITD) is associated with unfavorable prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia; targeted therapy improves clinical outcome. We propose that FLT3‐ITD detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) should be reported with the same nomenclature pattern as single nucleotide variants so that the mutation can be better interpreted clinically.MethodsA Python‐based web application was developed to generate FLT3‐ITD nomenclature as recommended by the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS). Assembled FLT3‐ITD sequences from 84 patients and 11 artificially created ITD sequences were used for the validation of this web‐based application. Each sequence was inspected manually to confirm that the nomenclature was accurate.ResultsAccurate nomenclatures were generated for 113 of 114 sequencing results and 7 artificial sequences. One assembled sequence and four artificial sequences were not named accurately; warning statements were automatically generated to alert further inspection. Of the 105 unique FLT3‐ITDs, the ITD lengths range from 18 to 300 bp. Depending whether the ITD involves intron or extends into exon 15, three patterns were recognized. Only 44 (42%) ITDs were pure duplications, and three types of variants were identified at the 5′ of ITD. When ITD involves intronic sequence, the protein may comprise inserted amino acids encoded by the intron, due to disrupted RNA splicing.ConclusionThe web application generates accurate FLT3‐ITD nomenclature from NGS results except in rare situations. The HGVS nomenclatures provide information on the molecular architecture of FLT3‐ITDs and reveal details of complex insertions with partial duplications.
Dynamic response of YAG polycrystalline and single‐crystal transparent ceramics: Experiments and mesoscopic simulations
Authors: Cao Xiuxia , Li Tong , Yu Yin , Li Xuhai , Qi Jianqi , Meng Chuanmin , He Hongliang , Hu Jianbo , Wu Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to superior mechanical and optical properties, yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG) is emerging as a potential transparent armor material. Its dynamic behavior, however, remains largely unexplored. In this work, both impact experiments and mesoscopic simulations have been performed to better understand the dynamic response of YAG polycrystalline and single‐crystal transparent ceramics. Experimental results demonstrate that the two samples have remarkably different dynamic behaviors with the increasing shock pressure, in which the Hugoniot elastic limit basically keeps unchanged (∼14 GPa) in YAG polycrystalline ceramic, whereas it varies from 11 to 31 GPa in YAG single crystals. Moreover, elastic precursor decay is visible only in single‐crystal samples. Mesoscopic simulations with a lattice‐spring model reveal that the difference arises from the distinct fracture mode in the two samples. Less damage and coarser fragmentations in YAG single crystal also suggest a probability of better ballistic resistance as transparent armor materials.
Spontaneous abortion among Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositive women: Molecular detection, genotype identification, and serological assessment with conventional ELISA and avidity ELISA
Authors: Khademi Seyedeh Zahra , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Davoodian Parivash , Abdoli Amir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesIt has been generally believed that women who exposed to Toxoplasma gondii before pregnancy and have anti‐T. gondii IgG antibody are immunized and their newborns will be protected from congenital infection. This study is aimed to investigate the role of T. gondii infection in spontaneous abortion through serological and molecular methods in southern Iran.Study designBlood samples were taken from 50 spontaneously aborted mothers and anti‐T. gondii antibodies were assessed using conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and avidity ELISA methods. The placenta and blood samples of aborted women were used for detection of the parasite's DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method targeting the RE gene. The parasite genotypes were determined by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method using SAG3 and GRA6 genes.ResultsIgG antibody was detected in 28% (14/50) of mothers, but all samples were negative for IgM antibody. In the avidity ELISA test, 26% (13/50) of the samples had a high avidity index, suggesting chronic infection, while a low avidity index was detected in one case (2%), which suggests acute infection. The parasite's DNA was detected in 18% (9/50) and 14% (7/50) of blood and placenta samples, respectively. All DNA positive samples were IgG positive. All isolates were belonged to the T. gondii type III genotype.ConclusionThe results suggest that T. gondii seropositive women are not protected from congenital transmission. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously until further studies will be confirmed these results.
Current treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Paternostro Rafael , Trauner Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a wide spectrum of pathologies ranging from non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), characterized by simple steatosis without inflammation, to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by steatosis of the liver accompanied by inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning, which can lead to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Apart from lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, a Mediterranean diet and physical activity, only a few NAFLD‐specific pharmacological treatment options such as Vitamin E and Pioglitazone are considered by current international guidelines. However, recently randomized controlled trials with GLP‐1 agonists, FXR and PPAR ligands as well as other agents have been published and may expand the therapeutic armamentarium for NAFLD in the near future. Finally, knowledge about treating complications of end‐stage liver disease due to NASH becomes an increasingly important cornerstone in the treatment of the broad disease spectrum of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize currently available and future treatment options for patients with NAFLD that may help internal medicine specialists treat the complete clinical spectrum of this highly prevalent liver disease.
How Does Gratitude Promote Prosocial Behavior? Developmental Differences in the Underlying Motivation1
Authors: Oguni Ryuji , Otake Keiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGratitude promotes prosocial behavior, but the developmental differences in the underlying motivation remain unclear. We investigated whether the effect of gratitude on prosocial behavior is driven by fairness or generosity motivations, and whether the underlying motivation differs by developmental stage. University students (Experiment 1) and elementary school children (Experiment 2) were assigned to either a gratitude or a neutral group. The former group recalled an event that elicited feelings of gratitude, while the latter group recalled a neutral event from their morning routine. Prosocial behavior was assessed using the three resource‐allocation tasks that can distinguish between fairness and generosity motivations. In these tasks, the participants allocated rewards to themselves and another individual. The results indicate that the effect of gratitude on prosocial behavior is driven by generosity motivation in university students (Experiment 1), while it is driven by fairness motivation in elementary school children (Experiment 2). These results reveal developmental differences in the underlying motivation for gratitude on prosocial behavior.
APASL‐ACLF Research Consortium–Artificial Intelligence (AARC‐AI) model precisely predicts outcomes in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure patients
Authors: Verma Nipun , Choudhury Ashok , Singh Virendra , Duseja Ajay , Al‐Mahtab Manum , Devarbhavi Harshad , Eapen Chundamannil E. , Goel Ashish , Ning Qin , Duan Zhongping , Hamid Saeed , Jafri Wasim , Butt Amna Shubhan , Shukla Akash , Tan Soek‐Siam , Kim Dong Joon , Hu Jinhua , Sood Ajit , Goel Omesh , Midha Vandana , Ghaznian Hashmik , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Lee Guan Huei , Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Shah Samir , Lesmana Laurentius A. , Lesmana Rinaldi C. , Prasad V. G. Mohan , Sarin Shiv K. ,   APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) for APASL ACLF Working Party
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsWe hypothesized that artificial intelligence (AI) models are more precise than standard models for predicting outcomes in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF).MethodsWe recruited ACLF patients between 2009 and 2020 from APASL‐ACLF Research Consortium (AARC). Their clinical data, investigations and organ involvement were serially noted for 90‐days and utilized for AI modelling. Data were split randomly into train and validation sets. Multiple AI models, MELD and AARC‐Model, were created/optimized on train set. Outcome prediction abilities were evaluated on validation sets through area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and class precision.ResultsAmong 2481 ACLF patients, 1501 in train set and 980 in validation set, the extreme gradient boost‐cross‐validated model (XGB‐CV) demonstrated the highest AUC in train (0.999), validation (0.907) and overall sets (0.976) for predicting 30‐day outcomes. The AUC and accuracy of the XGB‐CV model (%Δ) were 7.0% and 6.9% higher than the standard day‐7 AARC model (p < .001) and 12.8% and 10.6% higher than the day 7 MELD for 30‐day predictions in validation set (p < .001). The XGB model had the highest AUC for 7‐ and 90‐day predictions as well (p < .001). Day‐7 creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), circulatory failure, leucocyte count and day‐4 sepsis were top features determining the 30‐day outcomes. A simple decision tree incorporating creatinine, INR and circulatory failure was able to classify patients into high (~90%), intermediate (~60%) and low risk (~20%) of mortality. A web‐based AARC‐AI model was developed and validated twice with optimal performance for 30‐day predictions.ConclusionsThe performance of the AARC‐AI model exceeds the standard models for outcome predictions in ACLF. An AI‐based decision tree can reliably undertake severity‐based stratification of patients for timely interventions.
Panzootic chytrid fungus exploits diverse amphibian host environments through plastic infection strategies
Authors: Torres‐Sánchez María , Villate Jennifer , McGrath‐Blaser Sarah , Longo Ana V. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile some pathogens are limited to single species, others can colonize many hosts, likely contributing to the emergence of novel disease outbreaks. Despite this biodiversity threat, traits associated with host niche expansions are not well understood in multihost pathogens. Here, we aimed to uncover functional machinery driving multihost invasion by focusing on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a pathogen that infects the skin of hundreds of amphibians worldwide. We performed a meta‐analysis of Bd gene expression using data from published infection experiments and newly generated profiles. We analysed Bd transcriptomic landscapes across the skin of 14 host species, reconstructed Bd isolates phylogenetic relationships, and inferred the origin and evolutionary history of differentially expressed genes under a phylogenetic framework comprising other 12 zoosporic fungi. Bd displayed plastic infection strategies when challenged by hosts with different disease susceptibility. Our analyses identified sets of differentially expressed genes under host environments with similar infection outcome. We stressed nutritional immunity and gene silencing as important processes required to overcome challenging skin environments in less susceptible hosts. Overall, Bd genes expressed during amphibian skin exploitation have arisen mainly via gene duplications with great family expansions, increasing the gene copy events previously described for this fungal species. Finally, we provide a comprehensive gene data set that can be used to further examine eco‐evolutionary hypotheses for this host‐pathogen system. Our study supports the idea that host environments exert contrasting selective pressures, such that gene expression plasticity could be one of the evolutionary keys leading to the success of multihost pathogens.
NLR we there yet? Nucleocytoplasmic coordination of NLR‐mediated immunity
Authors: Lüdke Daniel , Yan Qiqi , Rohmann Philipp F. W. , Wiermer Marcel 
Published: July 2022

SummaryPlant intracellular nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat immune receptors (NLRs) perceive the activity of pathogen‐secreted effector molecules that, when undetected, promote colonisation of hosts. Signalling from activated NLRs converges with and potentiates downstream responses from activated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense microbial signatures at the cell surface. Efficient signalling of both receptor branches relies on the host cell nucleus as an integration point for transcriptional reprogramming, and on the macromolecular transport processes that mediate the communication between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Studies on nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), the nucleoporin proteins (NUPs) that compose NPCs, and nuclear transport machinery constituents that control nucleocytoplasmic transport, have revealed that they play important roles in regulating plant immune responses. Here, we discuss the contributions of nucleoporins and nuclear transport receptor (NTR)‐mediated signal transduction in plant immunity with an emphasis on NLR immune signalling across the nuclear compartment boundary and within the nucleus. We also highlight and discuss cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of NLRs and their signalling partners and further consider the potential implications of NLR activation and resistosome formation in both cellular compartments for mediating plant pathogen resistance and programmed host cell death.
Identification of potential biomarkers and survival analysis for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A transcriptomic study
Authors: de Paula Souza Daniela Paola Santos , dos Reis Pereira Queiroz Lorena , de Souza Marcela Gonçalves , de Jesus Sabrina Ferreira , Gomes Emisael Stênio Batista , Vitorino Rogério Trancoso , Santos Sérgio Henrique Sousa , Farias Lucyana Conceição , de Paula Alfredo Maurício Batista , D'Angelo Marcos Flávio Silveira Vasconcelos , de Carvalho Fraga Carlos Alberto , Guimarães André Luiz Sena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. The current study aimed to identify potential biomarkers associated with OSCC survival.Materials and MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) in atypical OSCC cases were identified using two public datasets: The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the cutoff, and the candidate DEGs related to survival. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis using the categorized genes were employed to identify genes that impact the overall survival in OSCC.ResultsA total of 263 OSCC samples and 105 healthy tissues were used to identify 295 upregulated and 131 downregulated genes expressed only in non‐smokers. ROC analyses identified 25 candidate genes associated with death. Survival analyses demonstrated that the following DEGs, namely CSTA, FGFR2, MMP19, OLR1, PCSK1, RAMP2, and CGB5, are potential OSCC prognostic factors.ConclusionWe found that CSTA, FGFR2, MMP19, OLR1, PCSK1, RAMP2, and CGB5 are associated with a low survival rate in OSCC. However, further studies are needed to validate our findings and facilitate the development of these factors as potential biomarkers for OSCC survival.