bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Financial Incentives Help Disadvantaged Schools to Attract and Retain High‐Performing Teachers? Evidence from Chile
Authors: Elacqua Gregory , Hincapie Diana , Hincapie Isabel , Montalva Veronica 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtensive sorting of high‐performing teachers into the most advantaged schools contributes to the wide socioeconomic achievement gaps in many countries. The Chilean Pedagogical Excellence Assignment (AEP) pays bonuses to high‐performing teachers that are larger if they work at a disadvantaged school. Using a sharp regression discontinuity based on the program's eligibility rules, we estimate how the award affects where high‐performing teachers choose to work. The bonus, equivalent to 16 percent of an average annual salary, increased retention of high‐performing teachers in disadvantaged schools by 17 to 21 percentage points. In contrast, those teachers in more advantaged schools seem to use the award as a quality signal to stay or move to relatively high‐achieving schools. While the program accomplished its goal of retaining high‐performing teachers already working at disadvantaged schools, it did not achieve the objective of attracting better teachers from more advantaged schools.
Processing‐structure‐property relationship of multilayer graphene sheet thermosetting nanocomposites manufactured by calendering
Authors: Pérez Iván , Flores Samuel , Ortiz César , Rivero Miguel , Corona José Emilio , Oliva Andres Ivan , Avilés Francis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe dispersion state of multilayer graphene sheets in polymers has a strong impact on the properties of the nanocomposite, and is driven by the processing parameters of the dispersion method. Herein, multilayer graphene sheet/vinyl ester nanocomposites were manufactured using a three‐roll mill. The roller gaps and number of processing cycles were varied to study their effect on the dispersion state and their relationship with the effective electromechanical properties of the nanocomposites. It was found that reducing the roller gaps and increasing the number of processing cycles yields smaller (up to 7.4 μm in diameter) and more densely packed (up to ~1500 agglomerates/mm2) agglomerates. Nanocomposites manufactured with the three‐roll mill contain agglomerates up to 75% smaller and more densely packed than those manufactured with an ultrasonic tip. Electrical conductivity was higher for moderately‐sized, homogeneously distributed agglomerates (23 μm in diameter) with a high areal density (~920 agglomerates/mm2), while smaller agglomerates reduced electrical conductivity. Smaller agglomerates increased the mechanical properties but decreased the piezoresistive sensitivity. The agglomerate density proved to be a key factor governing the piezoresistive sensitivity, with a lower number of agglomerates per unit area promoting higher gauge factors.
Psychopathology in psychotic disorders: Congruency between self‐reported and observer‐rated measures highest for affective symptoms and lowest for negative symptoms
Authors: Stoilkovska Biljana Blazhevska , Bajraktarov Stojan , Novotni Ljubisha , Simoska Silvana Markovska , Milutinovic Milosh , Velichkovska Elizabet Miceva , Novotni Gabriela , Jovanovic Nikolina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConsidering that both observer ratings and patient self‐reports on severity of psychopathological symptoms are being used in research and clinical settings, this paper aims to explore the degree of congruence between these two sources. Eighty‐two adult outpatients diagnosed with psychotic disorders rated their symptoms using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Observers assessed patients’ functioning using the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS). Self‐ratings (overall BSI) were strongly correlated to observers’ evaluations (overall BPRS). Anxiety/depression symptoms dimension of the BPRS were significantly associated with all nine symptom dimensions of the BSI, while positive symptoms dimension and unusual and withdrawal behavior in the BPRS showed a significant relationship to seven symptom dimensions as measured with the BSI. Mania/activation in the BPRS was significantly and negatively related only to phobic anxiety in BSI. Eight symptom dimensions of the BSI (interpersonal sensitivity was an exception), as well as unusual and withdrawal behavior and positive symptoms in the BPRS were rated as more severe in unemployed study participants. Self‐rated paranoid ideation was higher in less educated participants. No sex or marital status differences were found in the BSI and BPRS dimensions. The obtained pattern of correlations implied that congruence was highest in regards to affective symptomatology, followed by positive symptoms, and lowest for disorganization and withdrawal behavior.
Research on structure and properties of MWCNT@PDA/polymer matrix composite films with enhanced energy storage performance
Authors: Yu Yating , Xu Hang , Wang Xiaoming , Guan Lizhu , Zhang Xiaorui , Wu Zijian , Weng Ling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMWCNT@PDA/PVDF‐TrFE and MWCNT@PDA/PVDF‐TrFE‐CTFE composite films with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and excellent energy storage density were prepared by solution casting method. The best component of composite film (2.0 wt% MWCNT@PDA/PVDF‐TrFE‐CTFE, named C) was selected as the middle layer of the sandwich structure, and the upper and lower layers were made up by pure PVDF‐TrFE film (named A) and pure PVDF‐TrFE‐CTFE films (named B). By testing and comparing the microstructure and performance of the single‐layer composite film and the sandwich structure composite film, the influence of the matrix and structure on the performance of the composite film was discussed. The results showed that the dispersion effect of the filler in the matrix became worse, the dielectric constant gradually increased, the dielectric loss of the composite film did not change significantly, and the energy storage density first increased and then decreased with the increasing of the filler content. At a frequency of 103 Hz, the dielectric constants of 2.0 wt% MWCNT@PDA/PVDF‐TrFE and 2.0 wt% MWCNT@PDA/PVDF‐TrFE‐CTFE composite films were 9.00 and 13.88, which were 1.9 and 2.9 times of pure films. When the electric field was 1100 kV/cm, the energy storage density of composite film BCB was 6.36 times of film C.
Alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide and vinyl arenes using [N,N] bidentate palladium catalysts
Authors: Cheung Chi Shing , Shi Xinbo , Pei Lixia , Du Cheng , Gao Heng , Qiu Zonglin , Gao Haiyang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe alternating copolymers of carbon monoxide (CO) and vinyl arene monomers, namely aromatic polyketones, are a family of attractive engineering plastic. In the catalytic synthesis of this kind of polymeric materials, [N,N] bidentate palladium catalysts represent the most successful catalytic systems. In this review, we introduce the present status of polyketone synthesis, with a focus on the aromatic polyketones made from vinyl arene and CO. We also address the palladium‐catalyzed CO/vinyl arene alternating copolymerization mechanism. A variety of [N,N] bidentate palladium catalysts bearing 2,2′‐bipyridine, 1,10‐phenanthroline, α‐diimine, and pyridine‐imine ligands are surveyed for CO/vinyl arene copolymerization. The effects of vinyl arene monomer, counteranion, and solvent on copolymerization are also discussed. The copolymerization stereochemistry including chain end‐control and enantiomorphic site control mechanisms is introduced. This review aims to promote the design of [N,N] bidentate palladium catalysts for CO/vinyl arene copolymerization for the development of high‐performance aromatic polyketones.
Magnetic‐controllable Janus fibrous membranes with wind‐resistant floatability for airflow‐enhanced solar evaporation
Authors: Li Hao‐Nan , Liu Yu‐Wei , Hu Ye‐Qi , Zhu Cheng‐Ye , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Wu Jian , Greiner Andreas , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterfacial solar evaporation has been widely regarded as a promising pathway to desalinate seawater without secondary pollution and additional carbon emission. However, one of the challenges rarely considered is the floating stability and remote controllability of the evaporator in the face of wind and waves at the seawater surface. Herein, we demonstrate magnetic Janus membranes (MJMs) with remotely magnetic controllability and wind‐resistant floatation for enhanced interfacial solar evaporation in airflow condition. These membranes are fabricated by sequential electrospinning of a hydrophobic Fe3O4‐embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer and a hydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) layer. Due to the superparamagnetism of Fe3O4, our MJMs can be remotely manipulated by a magnet and can float in situ with the aid of a magnetic field, even facing the blast of airflow with a speed of 1.75 m/s. Moreover, the MJMs realize an enhanced vapor diffusion under airflow (v = 0.5 m/s) and show a water evaporation rate of 1.39 ± 0.06 kg∙m−2∙h−1 under one sun, which is 40.4% higher than that in windless condition. This work provides a promising material solution with magnetic design for the practical offshore application of Janus membranes in interfacial solar evaporation.
Patterns of care in the radiotherapeutic management of head and neck cancer of unknown primary origin: in search of a standard
Authors: Morse Ryan , Ganju Rohit G. , Chen Allen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze patterns of care in radiotherapy field design for patients treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin in the modern era.MethodsFrom January 2014 to April 2018, 33 patients were treated by intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the cervical lymph nodes of unknown primary origin. A total of 17 patients (52%) were treated by primary radiation; 16 (48%) were treated after surgery. N‐classification was N1 (3 patients); N2a (8 patients); N2b (15 patients); N2c (2 patients); and N3 (5 patients). Human papillomavirus status was positive in 19 (58%) and negative in 14 patients (42%). ResultsA total of 15 patients (46%) were treated with classic comprehensive fields to the entirety of the pharyngeal mucosal axis and bilateral cervical necks. Seven patients (21%) received ipsilateral neck radiation only. The total mucosal axis was irradiated in 15 patients (46%). Among the entire population, the nasopharynx and larynx were intentionally omitted in 36% and 48%, respectively. None of the clinical parameters predicted for the use of less‐than‐comprehensive radiation fields (P > 0.05, for all).ConclusionSignificant variation exists in the radiotherapeutic management of head and neck unknown primary cancer. Further research to better optimize standards is required.
Peak structure with a quadrupole mass filter operated in the first stability region
Authors: Collings Bruce A. 
Published: February 2022

RationaleIn the development of commercial quadrupole mass spectrometers, there is an interest in understanding the factors that affect the transmission and peak shape of ions passing through the mass filter. These include the ion collection effects of the ion optics that lead to the presence of a peak structure.MethodsThe peak structure can be observed by increasing the ion's axial kinetic energy and reducing the mass step size in a mass spectrum. The calculation of the maxima in the peak structure can be achieved by first obtaining the Mathieu characteristic parameter βy from the scan lines for each mass. The ion's secular frequency, ω0,y, along with the ion's transit time through the mass filter can then be used to calculate the location of the maxima in the peak structure.ResultsExperimentally, a peak structure has been observed for m/z 42, m/z 118 and m/z 622 in the Q1 scan mode of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The peak structure has shown a dependency on the ion's axial kinetic energy, but, a mass independency with regard to the number of maxima is observed in the peak structure. In the Q3 scan mode, there is an absence of the peak structure due to the ion collection efficiency of the HED detection system.ConclusionsUnder the right conditions, the peak structure due to ion collection effects can be observed with a quadrupole mass filter operated in the Mathieu first stability region. The presence of the peak structure has been shown to depend upon the ion collection effects at the exit of the mass filter.
Understanding university student priorities for mental health and well‐being support: A mixed‐methods exploration using the person‐based approach
Authors: Remskar Masha , Atkinson Melissa J. , Marks Elizabeth , Ainsworth Ben 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPoor student well‐being at UK universities is overstretching institutional support services, highlighting a need for effective new resources. Despite extensive literature on mental health and well‐being interventions, students' engagement with support remains unexplored. The study aimed to understand students' experience of engagement with well‐being support, identify their well‐being needs and form concrete recommendations for future intervention design and delivery. The Person‐Based Approach to intervention design was followed to centralise users' experience, in turn maximising acceptability and effectiveness of resources. An online survey (N = 52) was followed by three focus groups (N = 14). Survey data were analysed descriptively, and reflexive thematic analysis was performed on qualitative data. Mixed‐methods data integration produced four key student priorities for well‐being resources – ease of access, inclusive and preventative approach, sense of community and a safe space, and applying skills to real‐life contexts. Five actionable guiding principles for intervention design were produced through consultation with expert stakeholders. This work helps understand why and how students engage with support at university. The resulting recommendations can inform future intervention development, leading to more acceptable, engaging and effective student well‐being resources.
Effectively predicting cyber‐attacks through isolation forest learning‐based outlier detection
Authors: Ripan Rony Chowdhury , Islam Md. Moinul , Alqahtani Hamed , Sarker Iqbal H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to the popularity of Internet of Things devices, the exponential progress of computer networks, and a plethora of associated applications, cybersecurity has recently attracted much attention in light of today'ssecurity problems. As a result, detecting various cyber‐attacks within a network and developing an effectivecyber‐attacks predictionmodel that plays a crucial part in today's defense has become increasingly critical. Modeling cyber‐attacks effectively, on the other hand, is challenging because modern security datasets hold a large number of dimensions of security features and may containoutliers. To accomplish this, we provide an approach for categorizing cyber‐attacks effectively through isolation forest learning‐based outlier detection. Additionally, we apply a variety of popularmachine learningapproaches to assess the performance of cyber‐attacks prediction models, including logistic regression, support vector machine, AdaBoost classifier, naive Bayes, and K‐nearest neighbor. We evaluated the efficacy of our approach by running tests on three network intrusion datasets (KDD Cup 99, CIC‐IDS2017, and UNSW‐NB15) and computing the precision, recall, and accuracy. Experiments demonstrate that eliminating outliers improves the prediction accuracy of cyber‐attacks for different classifiers. Additionally, we compare the isolation forest learning‐based outlier detection model to other well‐known outlier detection techniques, DBSCAN andk‐means, and measure the effectiveness of our model.
Clozapine and norclozapine monitoring in plasma following surfactant assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Albitar Orwa , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Ibrahim Baharudin , Ahamed Nuridah , Sheikh Ghadzi Siti Maisharah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClozapine is the drug of choice for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. However, it is characterized by inter‐ and intraindividual variability in plasma concentrations and complex metabolism requiring drug monitoring. A surfactant‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet is proposed to determine clozapine and its primary active metabolite, norclozapine, in plasma using haloperidol (400 ng/mL) as an internal standard. The surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (0.5 mmol/L), and 1‐octanol (extraction solvent) were rapidly injected into the diluted plasma to form a cloudy solution. After centrifugation, 50 μL of the organic phase was injected into high‐performance liquid chromatography for analysis. The procedure was optimized by controlling the extraction solvent type and volume, the surfactant type and concentration, pH, and ionic strength. Furthermore, its suitability was investigated using plasma samples obtained from two healthy volunteers following a 12.5 mg dose of clozapine. The analytical performance of the method was acceptable with a limit of quantification of 0.9 and 0.4 ng/mL for clozapine and norclozapine, respectively (r2 > 0.999) and a wide linear dynamic range 6.25–1600 ng/mL. The optimized method is simple, practical, environmentally friendly, and economically acceptable. It also requires a small amount of the sample.
Post‐thaw semen quality in young bull ejaculates before being accepted for commercial semen doses
Authors: Hurri Emma , Lima‐Verde Isabel , Johannisson Anders , Stålhammar Hans , Ntallaris Theodoros , Morrell Jane M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundGenomic selection enables bulls with desirable characteristics to be identified at a young age, but sperm quality can be poor in the ejaculates of young bulls. Few studies have been done on post‐thaw sperm quality in bulls less than 10 months old. The objective of this study was to determine the age at which post‐thaw sperm quality was acceptable for artificial insemination.MethodsSemen was collected by artificial vagina; samples containing 100–500 million spermatozoa/ml were frozen for this study. Post‐thaw analyses of membrane integrity (MI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), chromatin integrity, morphology, production of reactive oxygen species and sperm kinematics were made.ResultsThe age at which ejaculates exceeded the breeding company's thresholds of acceptance varied considerably among individuals, with 285 days being the earliest. Morphology (p < 0.003), MI (p = 0.0096), high MMP (p = 0.043) and superoxide production (p = 0.0084) increased between the first and last ejaculates but reached acceptable levels at different ages for individual bulls.ConclusionsIt was possible to obtain acceptable post‐thaw sperm quality from samples even though sperm concentration was lower than the breeding company's threshold. Therefore, it might be feasible to use ejaculates earlier than is currently considered possible, by modifying semen handling protocols.
Deep learning for drug repurposing: Methods, databases, and applications
Authors: Pan Xiaoqin , Lin Xuan , Cao Dongsheng , Zeng Xiangxiang , Yu Philip S. , He Lifang , Nussinov Ruth , Cheng Feixiong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrug development is time‐consuming and expensive. Repurposing existing drugs for new therapies is an attractive solution that accelerates drug development at reduced experimental costs, specifically for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, comprehensively obtaining and productively integrating available knowledge and big biomedical data to effectively advance deep learning models is still challenging for drug repurposing in other complex diseases. In this review, we introduce guidelines on how to utilize deep learning methodologies and tools for drug repurposing. We first summarized the commonly used bioinformatics and pharmacogenomics databases for drug repurposing. Next, we discuss recently developed sequence‐based and graph‐based representation approaches as well as state‐of‐the‐art deep learning‐based methods. Finally, we present applications of drug repurposing to fight the COVID‐19 pandemic and outline its future challenges.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Healthcare Privacy
Authors: Motti Vivian Genaro , Berkovsky Shlomo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs healthcare shifts towards the digital realm and healthcare delivery steers to patient-centric solutions, new privacy risks emerge. Such risks are acknowledged, but understanding and addressing them with privacy-enhanced technologies is practically challenging. This chapter describes privacy concerns and risks that emerge with the digitization of healthcare services, the availability of Internet-of-care-things, and the usage of online services for medical data. To ensure patients’ privacy, collaborative efforts from stakeholders are necessary. Patients, practitioners, and family members play an important role, along with medical organizations, including hospitals, insurance companies, and clinics. Privacy-preserving mechanisms go beyond the protection of patients’ data to the infrastructure of medical devices, networks, and systems. The data life cycle, from collection to disposal, must be considered when implementing privacy protections. Principles, policies, and regulations addressing privacy are limited and costly to implement, failing to cover novel technologies that collect and transmit medical data. In the USA, HIPAA is the de facto policy standard. Nevertheless, HIPAA disregards data collected by wearable sensors, fitness trackers, and smartwatches. It does not consider social media networks, mobile applications, and discussion forums where users share medical information. Lastly, genetic data available through online profiles rises privacy issues that are neither known nor regulated.
EU GDPR: Toward a Regulatory Initiative for Deploying a Private Digital Era
Authors: Diamantopoulou Vasiliki , Lambrinoudakis Costas , King Jennifer , Gritzalis Stefanos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, people and enterprises put effort in protecting systems and applications that handle personal data and also in protecting digital footprints, and they realize that the concept of privacy protection is continuously evolving, depending on each environment. Admittedly, there is a plethora of digital products or services that necessitates the provision of personal data.The GDPR came into effect to establish a more concrete framework for the protection of EU citizens’ personal data. The impact of this regulation goes beyond the boundaries of EU in two ways. Firstly, the GDPR acts as a facilitator of non-EU enterprises that wish to do business and interact with EU citizens. Secondly, the GDPR, due to its wide applicability and generality, can be used as a basis and inspiration for other countries to establish their own data protection regulations and legal frameworks.This chapter consists of guidance for organizations to be able to reach compliance with the GDPR, regarding the protection of the personal information they process. Also, this chapter presents the impact that the GDPR has brought to the global landscape, because of its wide territorial scope and the expanded approach of the various definitions of data protection concepts being used.