bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal control results for Sobolev‐type fractional mixed Volterra–Fredholm type integrodifferential equations of order 1 < r < 2 with sectorial operators
Authors: Mohan Raja Marimuthu , Vijayakumar Velusamy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe goal of this research is to investigate the issue of existence and optimal control results for fractional mixed Volterra–Fredholm type integrodifferential systems of order with sectorial operators. Initially, we use fractional derivatives, semigroup theory, mild solutions, Sobolev‐type, and Schauder's fixed point theorem to examine the existence of results. Then, we will move on to the systems with optimal control results. Finally, we show a theoretical application to establish the validity of the findings.
Role of body mass index in outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 illness
Authors: Zahid Maleeha , Leung Vivien , Nayudu Suresh Kumar , Galiveeti Sneha , Mantri Nikhitha , Sun Haozhe , Gongati Sudharsan , Perugu Vijaya , Chilimuri Sridhar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the start of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, several studies have linked obesity with severity of illness as well as mortality in patients with COVID‐19. Outcomes of patients with overweight or obesity, who develop critical illness, have been studied extensively over the past decade where the studies have shown conflicting results. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between the body mass index (BMI) classes and outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of all adults admitted to our hospital with COVID‐19 illness between 1 March 2020 and 30 June 2020. Patients were divided into four groups based on their BMI range as follows: patients with underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), patients with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), patients with overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and patients with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).Results1274 patients were admitted during the study period. There were 24 (1.9%) patients with underweight, 268 (21%) patients with normal weight, 445 (34.9%) patients with overweight, and 537 (42.2%) patients with obesity. Patients with obesity were younger (p < 0.001) and there were more females among patients with underweight and patients with obesity (54% and 48% respectively, p < 0.001). There were no differences in subgroup with regards to presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and dyslipidemia. In a multivariate logistic regression model, patients with overweight and patients with obesity had higher odds of requiring mechanical ventilation. BMI class was not associated with difference in survival time in a multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn our large single‐center study of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, patients with overweight and obesity had higher need for mechanical ventilation but had similar mortality when compared to patients with normal weight and underweight.
Beyond the snapshot: optimizing prognostication and prediction by moving from fixed to functional multidimensional cancer pathology
Authors: Kramer CJH , Vreeswijk MPG , Thijssen B , Bosse T , Wesseling J 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe role of pathology in patient management has evolved over time from the retrospective review of cells, tissue, and disease (‘what happened’) to a prospective outlook (‘what will happen’). Examination of a static, two‐dimensional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained tissue slide has traditionally been the pathologist's primary task, but novel ancillary techniques enabled by technological breakthroughs have supported pathologists in their increasing ability to predict disease status and behaviour. Nevertheless, the informational limits of 2D, fixed tissue are now being reached and technological innovation is urgently needed to ensure that our understanding of disease entities continues to support improved individualized treatment options. Here we review pioneering work currently underway in the field of cancer pathology that has the potential to capture information beyond the current basic snapshot. A selection of exciting new technologies is discussed that promise to facilitate integration of the functional and multidimensional (space and time) information needed to optimize the prognostic and predictive value of cancer pathology. Learning how to analyse, interpret, and apply the wealth of data acquired by these new approaches will challenge the knowledge and skills of the pathology community. © 2022 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Ultrafast lasers today
Authors: Mottay Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUltrafast lasers have seen a tremendous increase in average power over the past ten years, with industrial lasers now reaching the kW level. We are at a turning point in femtosecond technology, which will enable new fields of use and new methods of production. High laser power and the associated beam engineering enable significant improvements in industrial productivity and open access to large new markets, such as aeronautics, energy, and mobility.
Polarization‐controlled VCSEL characterization
Authors: Münchow Frank , Iyer Karthik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost VCSELs are not designed to emit in a single polarization state and often there is no control over the polarization angle. A novel one‐shot method measures the spatial polarization of each single emitter and allows to correct the polarization dependency of the setup. This process minimizes the error budget of the VCSEL testing system and measures accurate values for laser eye safety calculations.
Laser weld quality: it's in the process!
Authors: Helzle Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLaser‐welded seams are state‐of‐the‐art in car body construction, where the strength of a weld seam is the most important criterion – but hardly detectable from the outside. The latest technology for inline process monitoring enables reliable and effective quality monitoring. It combines robot‐assisted welding and inline quality control.
Dual purpose: Predatory hoverflies pollinate strawberry crops and protect them against the strawberry aphid, Chaetospihon fragaefolii
Authors: Van Oystaeyen Annette , Tuyttens Ella , Boonen Sten , De Smedt Lien , Bellinkx Stijn , Wäckers Felix , Pekas Apostolos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDPredatory syrphids are an important functional group due to their potential for providing multiple ecosystem services. Adults feed on nectar and pollen, and can be effective pollinators, while larvae are voracious predators that can reduce aphid pressure. Still, little research has addressed their potential dual function in agroecosystems. In this study, we assessed the potential of two predatory hoverflies, Eupeodes corollae and Sphaerophoria rueppellii, for delivering concurrent pollination and biological control of Chaetospihon fragaefolii in greenhouse strawberries.RESULTSBoth hoverfly species effectively pollinated strawberry flowers of two different varieties (‘Elsanta’ and ‘Sonsation’), resulting in an increase in high‐quality marketable fruits, a reduction of fruit deformities, and higher number of seeds per fruit compared to pollinator‐excluded fruits. S. ruepellii had a significantly longer flower handling time than E. corollae, which translated to a more efficient pollination expressed as higher seed numbers per fruit after a single flower visit. By contrast, flowers that were open to multiple visits were more effectively pollinated by E. corollae, suggesting that E. corollae is potentially a better cross‐pollinator than S. rueppellii. In addition, both hoverfly species suppressed aphid populations in strawberry (var. ‘Sonata’), with S. rueppellii and E. corollae reducing aphid populations by 49% and 62%, respectively.CONCLUSIONPredatory syrphids can concurrently contribute to pollination and biological control in strawberry in a greenhouse setting. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pharmacophore identification, virtual screening and activity verification of pedunsaponin A on target proteins PcAdv and PcnWAS of Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Chen Huabao , Ma Yuqing , Zhou Yue , Yue Guizhou , Yang Chunping , Zhang Min , Jiang Chunxian , Qiu Xiaoyan , Luo Liya , Chang Xiaoli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTarget‐protein‐based pesticide screening has attracted wide‐ranging attention on pesticide science. Pedunsaponin A (PA) is a compound isolated from the root of Pueraria peduncularis, and it has a strong toxic effect on Pomacea canaliculata. Previous studies found that Advlin (PcAdv) and neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome isoform X1(PcnWAS) are target proteins of PA when interacted with P. canaliculata. In this study, we modeled the two target proteins through I‐Tasser and identified the pharmacophore of PA binding to the two target proteins by molecular docking. Furthermore, through virtual screening, potassium alginate was found to strongly bind to the target proteins in theory. In vivo bioassay showed that, similar to PA treatment, potassium alginate was able to induce typical poisoning symptoms on P. canaliculata, which were characterized by abnormal increase of excreta, weakening of climbing capacity, loss of gill cilia and decrease in hemocyanin content, and even cause death of P. canaliculata with a 13.33% mortality rate under 100 mg L−1 concentration. Furthermore, the treatment of potassium alginate also decreased the gene expression level of PcAdv and PcnWAS. These findings indicate that potassium alginate can affect the living state of P. canaliculata, and that it is feasible to develop new molluscicides based on PcAdv and PcnWAS by virtual screening. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Biotinylated peptides substituted with D‐amino acids with high stability as anti‐anaphylactic agents targeting platelet‐activating factor
Authors: Sato Akira , Fukase Takahiro , Ebina Keiichi 
Published: April 2022

Platelet‐activating factor (PAF) is an important lipid mediator of anaphylaxis and therefore can be an anti‐anaphylactic agent target. Recently, we reported that several synthetic biotinylated peptides containing a Tyr‐Lys‐Asp‐Gly sequence markedly inhibited the bioactivities of PAF in vitro and in vivo; it also inhibited anaphylactic reactions such as hypothermia, hypotension, and vascular permeability in vivo. Here, we report the anti‐anaphylactic effects of three biotinylated heptapeptides (peptide 1: H‐Lys(biotinyl)‐Trp‐Tyr‐Lys‐Asp‐Gly‐Asp‐OH, peptide 2: H‐D‐Lys(biotinyl)‐Trp‐Tyr‐Lys‐Asp‐Gly‐Asp‐OH, and peptide 3: H‐D‐Lys(biotinyl)‐Trp‐Tyr‐Lys‐Asp‐Gly‐D‐Asp‐OH). The experiment using tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the interaction of peptides 2 and 3 with PAF was larger than that of peptide 1. Experiments using a rat model of hind paw edema showed that peptides 1, 3, and 2 inhibited PAF‐induced edema by 67.9%, 69.3%, and 79.3%, respectively. In a mouse model of anaphylaxis, both peptides 2 and 3 showed inhibitory effects on anaphylactic hypothermia, whereas peptide 1 did not. Furthermore, experiments involving in vitro rat plasma stability of peptides showed that both peptides 3 and 2 were more stable in plasma compared to peptide 1 (84.0%, 51.8%, and 0%, remained after 6 h, respectively). Our results suggest that both peptides 2 and 3 may show systemic and local inhibitory effects as anti‐anaphylactic agents targeting PAF.
Numerical optimization‐based extremum seeking control of a class of constrained nonlinear systems via finite‐time state transition
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Fabiani Filippo , Baldi Simone 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article studies the extremum seeking control (ESC) problem for a class of constrained nonlinear systems. Specifically, we focus on a family of constraints that allows to reformulate the original nonlinear system in the so‐called input–output normal form. To steer the system to optimize a performance function without knowing its explicit form, we propose a novel numerical optimization‐based extremum seeking control (NOESC) design consisting of a constrained numerical optimization method and an inversion‐based feedforward controller. In particular, a projected gradient descent algorithm is exploited to produce the state sequence to optimize the performance function, whereas a suitable boundary value problem accommodates the finite‐time state transition between each two consecutive points of the state sequence. Compared to available NOESC methods, the proposed approach (i) can explicitly deal with output constraints; (ii) can consider a direct dependence on the states of the internal dynamics in the performance function; (iii) the internal dynamics do not have to be necessarily stable. The effectiveness of the proposed ESC scheme is shown through extensive numerical simulations and design of antilock braking systems.
Predictive maintenance of actuators in linear systems: A receding horizon set‐theoretic approach
Authors: Tedesco Francesco , Akram Waseem , Forouzanfar Mehdi , Casavola Alessandro , Famularo Domenico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work is focused on a model predictive control (MPC) based approach for the regulation of systems whose actuators are subject to loss of effectiveness. Such a degradation process, whose evolution is assumed to be measurable and predictable, can lead to actuators breakdown whenever certain thresholds are exceeded. Within this context, if the control problem is defined with ad hoc operational constraints and/or running costs, the intrinsic MPC capability of mitigating faulty events arises. To this end, the proposed control scheme consists of two modules: the former is in charge of performing a prognostic activity on actuators' health, while the second one reconfigures the control law on the basis of actuators' degradation information. The core of the proposed method relies on modeling healthy and faulty plant configurations via a switching systems paradigm that is instrumental to offline determine sequences of precomputed inner approximations of one‐step ahead controllable sets. Such regions are online selected by a switching logic in order to determine a control signal properly weighted on the basis of the measured actuators degradation level.
A survey of inequality techniques for stability analysis of time‐delay systems
Authors: Chen Jun , Park Ju H. , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Baoyong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the past decades, much attention has been paid to the stability problem of linear time‐delay systems. In order to obtain tractable stability conditions shown in the linear matrix inequality form, a great number of remarkable results have been reported in the literature. This article first gives a survey of inequality techniques recently developed to estimate integral quadratic terms and reciprocally convex combination terms arising in the estimation of the time derivative of a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional candidate. Emphases are specially placed on the evolution of various integral and matrix inequalities and the relationships among them. Second, several stability conditions are obtained and carefully compared to illustrate the effectiveness of different inequality techniques on reducing the conservatism. Finally, the quadratic negative‐definiteness lemmas are insightfully reviewed and meanwhile, a simple method to calculate matrix coefficients of a quadratic matrix‐valued function is presented.
On the minimax spherical designs
Authors: Fu Weibo , Wang Guanyang , Yan Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDistributing points on a (possibly high‐dimensional) sphere with minimal energy is a long‐standing problem in and outside the field of mathematics. This paper considers a novel energy function that arises naturally from statistics and combinatorial optimization, and studies its theoretical properties. Our result solves both the exact optimal spherical point configurations in certain cases and the minimal energy asymptotics under general assumptions. Connections between our results and the L1‐principal component analysis and quasi‐Monte Carlo methods are also discussed.
Building a unified sustainable development goal database: Why does sustainable development goal data selection matter?
Authors: Warchold Anne , Pradhan Prajal , Thapa Pratibha , Putra Muhammad Panji Islam Fajar , Kropp Jürgen P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 2020s are an essential decade for achieving the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this, SDG research needs to provide evidence that can be translated into concrete actions. However, studies use different SDG data, resulting in incomparable findings. Researchers primarily use SDG databases provided by the United Nations (UN), the World Bank Group (WBG), and the Bertelsmann Stiftung & Sustainable Development Solutions Network (BE‐SDSN). We compile these databases into one unified SDG database and examine the effects of the data selection on our understanding of SDG interactions. Among the databases, we observed more different than similar SDG interactions. Differences in synergies and trade‐offs mainly occur for SDGs that are environmentally oriented. Due to the increased data availability, the unified SDG database offers a more nuanced and reliable view of SDG interactions. Thus, the SDG data selection may lead to diverse findings, fostering actions that might neglect or exacerbate trade‐offs.
The Importance of Illness Severity and Multimorbidity in the Association Between Mental Health and Body Weight in Psoriasis: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Pavlova Neli T. , Moss-Morris Rona , Smith Catherine , Carr Ewan , Rayner Lauren , Picariello Federica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
High body weight is common in psoriasis and is associated with depression and anxiety. Past studies are mostly cross-sectional and may underestimate the role of demographic and illness-related factors in the association between mental health and body weight in psoriasis.

Objectives
This study explored the association between depression and anxiety with waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) cross-sectionally and at 12 months follow-up, adjusting for demographic and illness-related factors in people with psoriasis.

Method
Routine psoriasis care data were combined with data on depression and anxiety from a large specialist psoriasis centre. The analytical samples consisted of patients with complete data on either waist circumference (N = 326 at time 1; N = 191 at follow-up) or BMI (N = 399 at time 1; N = 233 at follow-up) and corresponding mental health, demographic, and illness-related information. Associations between weight-related outcomes and mental health variables were assessed at time one and at 12 months follow-up, after adjusting for demographic and illness-related factors.

Results
We found no evidence of associations between mental health and waist circumference or BMI, after adjusting for age, gender and illness-related factors. Higher age, male gender and illness-related factors, specifically multimorbidity and psoriasis severity, were positively associated with waist circumference and BMI at both time points.

Conclusion
This study revealed the important role of factors related to illness severity in body weight in psoriasis. The contribution of depression and anxiety to weight was not observed here likely due to the sample and methodology used. Future work should explore other psychosocial factors such as weight-related attitudes and emotional eating in the context of weight in psoriasis, to help inform the development of successful weight-management treatments.
Inhibition of Gas6 promotes crystalline silica‐induced inflammatory response of macrophages via blocking autophagy flux
Authors: Xie Yujia , Ma Jixuan , Xie Li , Li Wei , Yang Meng , Gu Pei , Zhang Yingdie , Fan Lieyang , Wang Dongming , Chen Weihong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInhalation of crystalline silica (CS) can cause silicosis, which is one of the most serious interstitial lung diseases worldwide. Autophagy dysfunction is an essential step in silicosis progression. In this study, we aim to identify the effect of growth arrest‐specific protein 6 (Gas6) during autophagy induction and macrophage inflammatory response caused by CS. After RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to CS, the levels of Gas6 and autophagy markers (p62, Beclin1, and LC3‐II/LC3‐I) were increased, accompanied with enhanced inflammatory cytokines secretion. Using autophagy activator (rapamycin) repressed, whereas autophagy inhibitor (3‐methyladenine) promoted inflammatory cytokines release. Besides, inhibition of Gas6 aggravated CS‐induced inflammatory response, and autophagy inhibition facilitated the promoted effect of Gas6 silencing, resulting in elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines. These findings reveal the protective effects of Gas6 and autophagy in macrophages in response to CS exposure, and highlight the autophagy regulated by Gas6 may be a potential prevention target for CS‐induced lung inflammatory response.
The formation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of real landfill leachate using a granular sequencing batch reactor at a constant volume
Authors: Seid‐Mohammadi Abdolmotaleb , Asgari Ghorban , Rafiee Mohammad , Samadi Mohammad Taghi , Nouri Fatemeh , Pirsaheb Meghdad , Asadi Fateme 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLeachate generated in a landfill may not be treated by conventional biological treatment due to its nature and complexity. The process of forming aerobic granules in batch sequencing reactors having features such as; reducing the settling process time and saving energy consumption and high decomposition rate have been noticed by researchers. In the present study, the structure of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was evaluated for the formation of granules, which were subsequently utilized for the treatment of landfill leachate. The experiment was initiated by using the GSBR, containing 1200 ml with different apparatuses, to develop granular sludge, and synthetic wastewater was added to reinforcement. The selected parameters for the operational hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the wastewater (6‐h cycles) included feeding, idle, aeration, settling, and discharge. Furthermore, the controlled conditions were the dissolved oxygen (DO) range of 2–2.2 mg/L, temperature range of 20–23℃, and pH of 7.5–8.3. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and sludge volume index (SVI) daily were measured at the influent and effluent of GSBR reactor. The main properties of aerobic granular sludge were identified during the research procedures, and the remarkable settling and potent, high‐density microbial structure of the granules were confirmed. The mean size of the formulated granules was estimated at 7.46 ± 1.8 mm, and the volume of the biomass also increased from approximately 1607 to 4137 mg/L through the granulation process. Moreover, 98% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be removed by the formulated granular sludge, and the final‐stage organic loading rate was estimated at 5.65 COD/m3/day. According to the results, GSBRs could be employed for the formulation of aerobic granular sludge for the treatment of landfill leachate.