bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D‐pinitol attenuates isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction by alleviating cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Khan Aamir , Iqubal Ashif , Wasim Mohd , Syed Mansoor Ali , Haque Syed Ehtaishamul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the most disturbing problems throughout the world. The side effects of existing drugs are continuously compelling the scientist to look for better options in terms of safety, efficacy and cost‐effectiveness. Our study is also a move in this direction. We have chosen D‐pinitol to see its cardioprotective role in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in Swiss albino mice. Grouping was made by dividing mice into eight groups (n = 6). Group I, control; Group II, isoproterenol (ISO) (150 mg/kg, i.p.); Group III, D‐pinitol (PIN) (25 mg); Group IV, PIN (50 mg); Group V, PIN (100 mg) per kg per oral, respectively with ISO; Group VI, PIN per se (100 mg D‐pinitol only); Group VII, Propranolol (PRO) (20 mg/kg/oral) with ISO; and Group VIII, PRO per se (20 mg/kg, p.o.). After 24 h of the last dose, the blood sample was collected for biochemical parameters, then mice were, killed through cervical dislocation under anaesthesia and cardiac tissue was collected for biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural evaluation. Administration of ISO in mice altered the level of antioxidant markers, cardiac injury markers and inflammatory markers, which were significantly restored towards normal by D‐pinitol at the dose of 50 and 100 mg. 25 mg of D‐pinitol dosage, did not produce significant cardio protection. The histopathological and ultrastructural analysis further confirmed these findings. Our study showed that D‐pinitol significantly protected myocardial damage which was induced by ISO and reverted oxidative stress and inflammation considerably.
High Resolution ID‐TIMS Redefines the Distribution and Age of the Main Mesozoic Lacustrine Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: CUI Jingwei , ZHU Rukai , ZHANG Zhongyi , RAMEZANI Jahandar , LI Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing high‐precision zircon U‐Pb ID‐TIMS geochronology, tuffs from the Chang 9 shale and the Chang 7 shale were dated. The tuff in the Chang 9 shale is 241.47 ± 0.17 Ma, which falls between the top tuff age of 241.06 ± 0.12 Ma and the bottom tuff age of 241.558 ± 0.093 Ma in the Chang 7 shale. These reveal that the Chang 9 and Chang 7 shales are contemporaneous, belonging to the Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic. This insight expands the region of the main source rock of Chang 7 to the northeast and will inform the search for the deep Chang 9 shale petroleum system, increasing the scope for exploring the Chang 7 shale system in northern Shaanxi. The research results clarify the relationship between the two sets of shale in the Yanchang Formation and redefine the distribution range of the Chang 7 shale in the Ordos Basin. At the same time, it shows that there is a cross‐layer problem in the stratigraphic division of the Yanchang Formation in different regions, the high‐precision U‐Pb dating technology providing a reference for the fine stratigraphic correlation of other continental basins in the world.
Distribution, habitat use and human disturbance of gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) in the Ebo forest, Littoral Region, Cameroon
Authors: Mbouombouo Mfossa Daniel , Abwe Ekwoge Enang , Whytock Robin Cameron , Morgan Bethan J. , Huynen Marie‐Claude , Beudels‐Jamar Roseline C. , Brotcorne Fany , Tchouamo Roger Isaac 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGreat apes are threatened by many factors including habitat loss, forest degradation and disease. Despite the improved understanding of the distribution of gorillas in Cameroon, there is a lack of fine‐scale knowledge about their habitat use. We used the Kernel Density Estimate method combined with grid cell counting to assess gorilla distribution, habitat use and human disturbance on one of the least studied gorilla populations in Cameroon. Proportions of different habitat types in the landscape were quantified using classification and regression tree approach applied to Landsat‐8 and digital elevation model data. We found that the distribution of gorillas was restricted to the central band of the site (~22 km2). Although the area was dominated by mature forest, the goodness‐of‐fit test showed that gorillas used grassland areas more frequently. Intensive human activities were noted across the gorilla range, with used cartridge shells being the most evidence hunting sign. Our results can be used to guide conservation and sustainable development stakeholder decisions in the area. With increasing anthropogenic threats throughout the landscape, we recommend the implementation of noninvasive research activities focusing on threat monitoring, nesting and dietary ecology, and the promotion of community‐led conservation initiatives to reduce pressure on the gorilla habitat.
Survival outcomes of perineural spread in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Phung Daniel , Ahmadi Navid , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan R. , Wykes James , Ch'ng Sydney , Elliott Michael S. , Palme Carsten E. , Shannon Kerwin , Wu Raymond , Lee Jenny H. , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo present an institution's experience and survival outcomes for patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) and perineural spread (PNS).MethodRetrospective study of patients with HNcSCC and PNS treated between January 2010 and August 2020 from the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute database, Sydney, Australia; a high‐volume, tertiary, academic head and neck centre. Patient demographics, primary site, involved cranial nerves, treatment modality, loco‐regional failure and survival data were obtained.ResultsForty‐five patients were identified, of which 32 patients were male (71%). Mean age at diagnosis was 68.7 years (range 43–90). Median follow‐up was 16.1 months (range 1–107). The trigeminal nerve was most frequently involved (n = 30, 66.6%) followed by facial nerve (n = 13, 28.9%). Most patients underwent surgery followed by radiotherapy (n = 33, 73%) and eight received definitive radiotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 4.5 years (95% CI 3.71–5.38), median disease‐specific survival 5.1 years (95% CI 4.21–5.97) and median disease‐free survival (DFS) was 1.7 years (95% CI 1.11–2.22). The estimated 5‐year OS and DFS were 45% and 25%, respectively. Patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy with a clear proximal nerve margin had favourable DFS (P = 0.035) and trended towards better OS (P = 0.134) compared with patients with an involved nerve margin. Patients treated surgically with involved proximal nerve margins had similar outcomes compared with patients with treated definitive radiotherapy (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.29–2.22,P = 0.664).ConclusionThe likelihood of achieving a clear proximal nerve margin should be a strong consideration in the selection of appropriate patients for primary surgery
Reliability analysis using the in‐lux examination method for dental indices in adolescents for use in epidemiological studies
Authors: Pinto Rafaela da Silveira , Vettore Mario Vianna , de Abreu Mauro Henrique Guimarães Nogueira , Palmier Andrea Clemente , de Moura Rosa Núbia Vieira , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate thein‐luxexamination method to assess the reliability of examiners for oral health surveys.MethodsA calibration study involving 10 examiners and 27 patients was conducted, and high‐quality photographs of dental epidemiological indices were projected. The latter refers to thein‐luxexamination method. Two groups, comprised of five examiners each, were trained to assess dental caries (DMFT index) and malocclusion (DAI). The first group carried out in vivo (clinical) andin‐luxexaminations in the same patients. The second group performedin‐luxexaminations only. The measurements were repeated to obtain intraexaminer weighted kappa coefficients.ResultsInterexaminer weighted kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method for DMFT and DAI ranged from 0.597 to 0.851 and from 0.574 to 0.844, respectively. The values forin‐luxexamination were between 0.440 and 0.856 (DMFT) and between 0.524 and 0.783 (DAI). The intraexaminer kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method ranged between 0.569 and 0.851 (DMFT) and between 0.644 and 0.834 (DAI). In thein‐luxmethod, these values were between 0.426 and 0.831 (DMFT) and between 0.341 and 0.838 (DAI). Three examiners did not reach the minimum acceptable kappa value (k = 0.610) for DMFT, and one for DAI. Of these, one examiner managed to reach the minimum kappa coefficient for DMFT after additional training. The three others maintained the kappa coefficients at lower than acceptable limits.ConclusionsCalibration, using both in vivo andin‐luxexamination methods, was able to discriminate the examiners regarding their reliability to reproduce dental indices. Thein‐luxexamination method was considered reliable and can replace the in vivo examination method. Thein‐luxmethod might be more feasible to evaluate the reliability of examiners when clinical calibration is unrealistic due to logistic issues and when a large number of examiners are involved in the survey.
A multicentric study on dermoscopic patterns and clinical–dermoscopic–histological correlates of basal cell carcinoma in Indian skin
Authors: Vinay Keshavamurthy , Ankad Balachandra S. , Narayan R. Vignesh , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Bhat Yasmeen Jabeen , Neema Shekhar , Shah Swapnil , Chauhan Payal , Khare Soumil , Rajput Chetan , Jadhav Prashant , Beergouder Savitha L. , Chandele Vishaka , Arsad Sandip , Damle Dhananjay , Dogra Sunil 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Literature on the dermoscopic patterns of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in India is limited.

Aim
To describe the dermoscopic pattern and dermoscopic–histopathological correlation in a large cohort of patients with BCC from India, with a particular focus on skin of colour (SOC).

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted under the aegis of the Dermatoscopy Society of India. Clinical details were collected, and two lead authors independently analysed dermoscopic images of BCC for a predefined set of characteristics. Histopathological slides/blocks were reviewed, and dermoscopic–histological correlation attempted.

Results
In total, 143 patients with BCC and skin phototypes IV–VI were included. The mean largest BCC diameter was 3.10 ± 3.68 cm and there was a significant but weak association between duration and largest dimension of the lesion (Spearman ρ = 0.33, P &lt; 0.01). Nearly half of the cases were diagnosed with pigmented BCC and the most common histological subtype was nodular BCC (37.9%). Dermoscopically, blue–grey dots and arborizing vessels were the most common features (60.0%). Pigmentary changes were found in the majority of cases, and included blue–white veil, blue–grey ovoid nests and maple leaf-like areas. A third of our patients had short linear telangiectasia, polymorphic vessels and regular dotted vessels, and another third exhibited a dermoscopic rainbow effect. Arborizing vessels were significantly more common with micronodular (78.9%) and nodular variants (74.1%, P = 0.05), whereas regular dotted vessels (68.4%, P = 0.04), blue–white veil (84.2%, P = 0.02) were significantly associated with micronodular variant.

Conclusion
The dermoscopic patterns of blue–white veil and regular dotted vessels are indicators towards micronodular BCC in SOC and can help in prioritizing treatment.
Abnormal expression of CD96 on natural killer cell in peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhao Xiaomin , Feng Xiaowen , Liu Pengcheng , Ye Jing , Tao Rui , Li Renming , Shen Bing , Zhang Xiaoming , Wang Xuefu , Zhao Dahai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are regarded as the host's first line of defense against viral infection. Moreover, the involvement of NK cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been documented. However, the specific mechanism and biological changes of NK cells in COPD development have not been determined. In this study, we extracted NK cells from the peripheral blood of 18 COPD patients who were recovering from an acute exacerbation and 45 healthy donors (HDs), then we labeled NK cells with different antibodies and analyzed with flow cytometry. The data showed that the frequencies of total NK cells in the peripheral blood of COPD patients were lower compared with HDs. Moreover, the inhibitory receptors on NK cells expressed higher levels and the expression of activating receptors were generally low. Importantly, both the expression levels of CD96 in NK cells and the frequencies of CD96+ NK cells were significantly upregulated in COPD patients. These findings suggest that surface receptor CD96 from NK cells may be a risk factor in the evolution of COPD.
Running on debt: Financing land protection with loans
Authors: Fovargue Rachel , Fargione Joseph E. , Roth Sarah , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew land protection is expensive, and many conservation NGOs rely on loans to help fund land acquisition in the short term. Conservation loans are offered by a range of philanthropic organizations that often allow much more flexible terms than traditional loans. Thus, conservation loans may behave differently from other types of loan. There are costs and benefits to relying on loan financing to fund land protection that organizations need to consider, but few data are available to inform such evaluations. Here, we focus on estimating the financial cost of these loans, by analyzing loans used to support land protection projects that were provided through an internal revolving fund at a large U.S. conservation NGO. We estimate loan financing cost through accrued interest and test deal‐level characteristics for their ability to explain or predict loan interest. We find that loan performance can be highly uncertain and costs can be substantial in relation to the total purchase price. An improved ability to estimate the overall cost of conservation loans upfront may determine just which conservation projects are prioritized for investment and avoid costly misallocations of conservation resources.
Impact of the donor hepatectomy time on short‐term outcomes in liver transplantation using donation after circulatory death: A review of the US national registry
Authors: Bekki Yuki , Kozato Akio , Kusakabe Jiro , Tajima Tetsuya , Fujiki Masato , Gallo Amy , Melcher Marc L , Bonham Clark A , Sasaki Kazunari 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the donor hepatectomy time (dHT), defined as the time from the start of cold perfusion to the end of the hepatectomy, liver grafts have a suboptimal temperature. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of prolonged dHT on outcomes in donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation (LT).MethodsUsing the US national registry data between 2012 and 2020, DCD LT patients were separated into two groups based on their dHT: standard dHT (< 42 min) and prolonged dHT (≥42 min).ResultsThere were 3810 DCD LTs during the study period. Median dHT was 32 min (interquartile range 25–41 min). Kaplan‐Meier graft survival curves demonstrated inferior outcomes in the prolonged dHT group at 1‐year after DCD LT compared to those in the standard dHT group (85.3% vs 89.9%; P < .01). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models for 1‐year graft survival identified that prolonged dHT [hazard ratio (HR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 – 1.79], recipient age ≥ 64 years (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14 – 1.72), and MELD score ≥ 24 (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.16 – 1.76) were significant predictors of 1‐year graft loss. Spline analysis shows that the dHT effects on the risk for 1‐year graft loss with an increase in the slope after median dHT of 32 min.ConclusionProlonged dHTs significantly reduced graft and patient survival after DCD LT. Because dHT is a modifiable factor, donor surgeons should take on cases with caution by setting the dHT target of < 32 min.
Sequential small cell transformation and T790M mutation in an epidermal growth factor‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma: A rare occurrence with significant management implications
Authors: Shastri Malvika , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Singh Navneet , Bal Amanjit , Srinivasan Radhika , Khosla Divya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance may be acquired via genotypic and/or phenotypic transformations. Herein, we report an extremely uncommon case with sequential small cell transformation and EGFR T790M mutation, in an elderly female with EGFR exon 21 L858R‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma, following treatment with a first‐generation EGFR‐TKI.CaseA 67‐year‐old female never‐smoker presented with a cough and dyspnoea of 2 months' duration. Computerised tomography revealed a 39 mm lesion in the upper lobe of the right lung with pleural effusion. Pleural fluid cytology revealed metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, and EGFR testing revealed exon 21 L858R mutation. She was started on gefitinib. After a progression‐free survival of 31 months, she presented with disease progression and multiple extra‐thoracic metastases. Fine needle aspiration cytology of a chest wall lesion revealed metastatic small cell carcinoma. EGFR testing on this aspirate revealed persistent L858R mutation only. In view of small cell transformation, chemotherapy (etoposide and carboplatin) was administered. After 4 months, ascitic fluid cytology revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma with persistent L858R mutation and an acquired T790M mutation (both detected on liquid biopsy as well) indicating amplification of the adenocarcinoma clone and regression of the small cell carcinoma clone. She was then initiated on osimertinib.ConclusionsThe index case highlights the significance of serial EGFR genotyping along with repeated tissue and/or blood sampling in the prompt detection of genetic and phenotypic resistance mechanisms to EGFR‐TKIs. Furthermore, it lends evidence in support of the upfront treatment approaches targeting the heterogeneity of acquired EGFR‐TKI resistance mechanisms.
Cellular debris on negative liquid‐based cytology cervicovaginal smears
Authors: Nagamine Michiko , Ichii Risako , Taira Tomoki , Teramukai Satoshi , Konishi Eiichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of cellular debris (CD) on benign cervicovaginal liquid‐based cytology (LBC) smears and which factors predict the presence and larger amount of CD.MethodsCervicovaginal smears evaluated as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) between 1 January and 31 March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed to record the presence and amount of CD. All smears were prepared with the SurePath platform. Patient ages and past medical and surgical histories were also retrieved. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to find positive predictors of a larger amount of CD.ResultsThree hundred forty‐nine NILM smears were included in this study. The cohort consisted of 222 cervical smears (CS), and 127 vaginal smears (VS) taken from patients who had undergone hysterectomy. Overall, CD was observed in 111 (31.8%) cases. The positive predictors of CD were increasing age, specimen type (VS compared to CS), history of chemotherapy or radiation therapy (CRT), and more than mild background inflammation. Among the VS group, CD was present in 64 cases (50.4%) regardless of the time between the hysterectomy and specimen collection. Positive predictors in the VS group were age and more than mild inflammation. By contrast, the prevalence of CD in the CS group was 21.2%, and age was the only positive predictor. Histories of CRT, conisation, and inflammation were not statistically significant positive predictors for CD among CS.ConclusionsCellular debris could be seen in as much as 50% of NILM smears taken after hysterectomy, regardless of the time since the procedure. Increasing age was a positive predictor of the presence and a larger quantity of CD. These findings are helpful when evaluating smears with moderate to abundant debris in the background with questionable cellular atypia.
Assessing academic writing self‐efficacy belief and writing performance in a foreign language context
Authors: Teng Mark Feng , Wang Chuang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe first purpose of this empirical study was to assess and validate the Academic Writing Self‐Efficacy Belief Questionnaire (AWSEBQ) framed by social cognitive theory. The second purpose was to evaluate the predictive effects of different aspects of self‐efficacy beliefs on academic writing performance. Data were collected from 743 learners at a Chinese university. The assessment and validation process involved a series of rigorous confirmatory factor analyses. The results validated the hypothesized five‐dimensional structure of academic writing self‐efficacy beliefs, including linguistic knowledge efficacy (LKE), self‐regulatory efficacy (SRE), information organization efficacy (IOE), writing performance efficacy (WPE), and rehearsal and memory efficacy (RME). Model comparisons confirmed the function of self‐efficacy beliefs as a multidimensional construct, in which the five factors were intercorrelated. The results of regression analysis demonstrated the significant predictive effects of five dimensions (i.e., LKE, SRE, IOE, WPE, and RME) on English as a foreign language (EFL) academic writing performance. The findings suggest that self‐efficacy beliefs can explain EFL academic writing performance. This study ends by providing theoretical and empirical implications for writing assessment and the possible enhancement of EFL academic writing.
Single‐atom microscopy in wide‐bandgap nitrides
Authors: Ishikawa Ryo , Shibata Naoya , Oba Fumiyasu , Taniguchi Takashi , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWide bandgap III‐nitrides, such as cubic boron nitride and wurtzite‐type aluminum nitride, are promising systems for optoelectronics. To extend their luminescent properties, we doped single Ce atoms into III‐nitride single crystals using reactive flux with a temperature gradient method at high‐pressure and high‐temperature conditions. To fully understand such properties in a large size‐mismatch system, it is critically important to determine the point‐defect structures of single dopants, their spatial distribution in three dimensions, and their atomistic dynamics at an atomic level. This review discusses point defect structures and their dynamics in III‐nitrides using single‐atom‐sensitive scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the recent progress in the related field of electron microscopy.