bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 3 Different AMH Assays With AMH Levels and Follicle Count in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Moolhuijsen Loes M E , Louwers Yvonne V , Laven Joop S E , Visser Jenny A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels strongly correlate with the number of antral follicles (total follicle count, TFC) in the ovary. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), this is reflected by significantly increased serum AMH levels. Different assays have been developed to measure AMH. However, little is known about the interassay correlation in women with increased AMH levels.

Objective
To investigate the correlation of AMH values between different AMH assays and with TFC in PCOS patients.

Methods
AMH levels were measured in 1660 PCOS patients, using 3 different AMH assays: Gen II (Beckman Coulter); picoAMH (Ansh Labs); and Elecsys (Roche). Passing Bablok regression was used to compare assay methods. Spearman’s correlation was used to correlate AMH levels and TFC.

Results
Strong interassay correlations were present over the total range of AMH levels (0.81-0.94). Stratification in subgroups, revealed an AMH level–dependent interassay correlation with strong interassay correlations in the low (&lt;2.80 ng/mL) and high (&gt;7.04 ng/mL) subgroups (0.62-0.86). However, the correlation in the mid-AMH subgroup (2.80-7.04 ng/mL) was only moderate (0.28-0.56). A strong correlation was present between the total range of AMH levels and TFC (0.57-0.62). However, in all 3 AMH subgroups the correlation became moderate at best, independently of assay method (0.11-0.45).

Conclusion
In conclusion, both the interassay correlation and the correlation between AMH level and follicle count depend on the range of serum AMH levels. This once more emphasizes the need of a standardization of AMH measurement for an accurate interpretation of AMH in clinical practice.
Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Uldall Torp Nanna Maria , Bruun Niels Henrik , Christensen Peter Astrup , Handberg Aase , Andersen Stig , Andersen Stine Linding 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Context
Thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies (TRAb) are important when distinguishing between Graves’ and gestational hyperthyroidism, but sparse evidence exists on the recommended cutoff during pregnancy.

Objective
This work aimed to establish a method- and pregnancy-specific cutoff for TRAb, to describe the frequency of TRAb positivity in early pregnancy, and to follow up the women in the years after pregnancy.

Methods
This cohort study used the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort and Danish nationwide registers of women in the North Denmark Region who had a blood sample drawn in early pregnancy, 2011 to 2015, that was stored in a biobank for assessment of thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies. A cutoff value for TRAb was established in a reference cohort (n = 524) and used to identify TRAb-positive and TRAb-negative hyperthyroidism in early pregnancy for evaluation of frequency and follow-up.

Results
The method- and cohort-specific cutoff for TRAb in early pregnancy was 0.98 IU/L (95% CI, 0.96-0.99 IU/L). Among women with low TSH in early pregnancy and no known thyroid disease (n = 414), 21 women (5.1%) were TRAb positive and 393 (94.9%) were TRAb negative. Follow-up in the years following the pregnancy (median 8.1 years) revealed that 52.4% of women with TRAb-positive hyperthyroidism and 8.4% of the women with TRAb-negative hyperthyroidism were diagnosed with hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion
This is the first study to measure TRAb in a large group of women in early pregnancy and to establish a pregnancy-specific cutoff. Results reveal that TRAb-negative hyperthyroidism is predominant in early pregnancy and rarely associated with later development of hyperthyroidism.
Treaty on Open Skies in a regional context: The implications of the US and the Russia’s decisions to withdraw from the treaty for the security of South Caucasus and Georgia
Authors: Suwara Ewa M. 
Published: June 2022

The Treaty on Open Skies has been an important legal instrument contributing to global arms control in recent years. Signed in 1992, the Treaty on Open Skies allows the monitoring and collection of data on military potential through observation flights over one another’s territories, thus becoming a confidence-building and transparency measure among its signatories. The recent decisions by the US and Russia to withdraw from this agreement impact the security situation globally and regionally. They reflect a gradual erosion of the architecture of arms control that has been introduced since the end of the Cold War. Georgia remains the only state in the South Caucasus to be a signatory to this Treaty. It is also the only state in the region to remain (since 2008) in a conflict with Russia. While striving to join the EU and NATO, it lies on the land of strategic importance to Russia and other regional and global players. The main objective of this publication is to discuss the importance of the Treaty on Open Skies, considering its specificity from a regional perspective, and to assess the implications of the withdrawals of the US and Russia from the Treaty on security in Georgia and in the South Caucasus. Using a descriptive approach and legal-political analysis, the author discusses the creation, functioning, and causes of the breakdown of this legal-institutional system, while looking at its importance for global arms control and security related consequences it may trigger for the region. A closer look at the South Caucasus highlights the author’s belief in the Treaty’s critical role in the region and the importance of preserving its existence.
A educação de mulheres e o imaginário contemporâneo
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira 
Published: June 2022

O texto aponta resultados de pesquisa que prescrutou alguns dos (muitos) discursos de ódio publicizados atualmente pelas redes sociais, apontando representações coetâneas acerca da educação feminina e o ódio às mulheres na internet. O texto foi aportado em uma metodologia analítico-reconstrutiva, estruturada pela descrição e ilustração de formas atuais de imaginário em relação a mulher, capturadas de reportagens que mencionam a educação de mulheres nos tempos atuais. Para tanto, foi constituído um corpus empírico de 12 (doze) reportagens publicadas entre 2017 e 2021, com destaque para os comentários do leitor produzidos para cada uma das reportagens. Dos achados da pesquisa, destacamos a representação de manifestações de ódio específicas à educação feminina, desnudando compreensões e imaginários acerca da mulher, dos seus direitos e dos processos de educação a ela destinados a partir de dois aspectos pronunciados: a) o espaço doméstico como espaço feminino e b) a mulher e o direito a verdade. Concluímos pela presença, ainda que condensada aos limites metodológicos do presente texto, de elementos do imaginário ou das representações acerca da educação de mulheres no mundo contemporâneo que, de fato, assinalam discursos de ódio contra a mulher, os seus direitos e os processos de educação a ela destinados.
Assessing the impact of ambient temperature on the risk of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guangdong, China: New insight from the disease severity and burden
Authors: Du Zhicheng , Zhang Wangjian , Yu Shicheng , Lin Shao , Hao Yuantao 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe association between the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and ambient temperature has been well documented. Although the severity of symptoms is an important indicator of disease burden and varies significantly across cases, it usually was ignored in previous studies, potentially leading to biased estimates of the health impact of temperature.MethodsWe estimated the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) by considering the severity of symptoms for each HFMD case reported during 2010–2012 in Guangdong and used distributed lag-nonlinear models to estimate the association between the daily average temperature and daily DALY of HFMD cases at the city-level. We investigated the potential effect modifiers on the pathway between temperature and DALY and pooled city-specific estimates to a provincial association using a meta-regression. The overall impact of temperature was further evaluated by estimates of DALYs that could be attributed to HFMD.ResultsThe overall cumulative effect of daily mean temperature on the DALY of HFMD showed an inverse-U shape, with the maximum effect estimated to beβ= 0.0331 (95%CI: 0.0199–0.0463) DALY at 23.8°C. Overall, a total of 6.432 (95%CI: 3.942–8.885) DALYs (attributable fraction = 2.721%, 95%CI: 1.660–3.759%) could be attributed to temperature exposure. All the demographic subgroups had a similar trend as the main analysis, while the magnitude of the peak of the temperature impact tended to be higher among the males, those aged ≥3yrs or from the Pear-River Delta region. Additionally, the impact of temperature on DALY elevated significantly with the increasing population density, per capita GDP, and per capita green space in parks.ConclusionsTemperature exposure was associated with increased burden of HFMD nonlinearly, with certain groups such as boys and those from areas with greater population density being more vulnerable.
The prevalence of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine side effects among Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial comprehensive specialized hospital health workers. Cross sectional survey
Authors: Desalegn Mitiku , Garoma Gelana , Tamrat Habtamu , Desta Adane , Prakash Ajay 
Published: June 2022

Introduction
The best way to eradicate corona virus disease (COVID-19) viral infection is mass vaccination. Many studies demonstrate vaccination is associated with some local and systemic side effects. This study aimed to provide evidence on AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine side effects.

Methodology
Institutional based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 254 health workers at Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial comprehensive specialized hospital (from July 01/ 2021 to July 30/2021). Data were collected consecutively through self-administered online survey created on Google Forms of platform which had been randomly delivered via (Facebook or telegram pages). Demographic data of participants, side effect after first and second dose of vaccine were covered.

Result
The prevalence of at least one side effect after first dose was 91.3% and after second dose was 67%. Injection site pain (63.8% vs. 50.4%), headache (48.8% vs. 33.5%), fever (38.8% vs. 20.9%), muscle pain (38.8% vs. 21.7%), fatigue (26% vs. 28.7%, tenderness at the site (27.6% vs. 21.7%), and joint pain (27.6% vs. 20.9%) were the most commonly reported side effects after first and second dose vaccine respectively. Most of participants reported that their symptoms emerged after 6hr of vaccination and only less than 5% of participant’s symptoms lasted more than 72hr of post vaccination. The younger age (≤29 year) were more susceptible to at least one side effect (χ 2 = 4.2; p = 0.04) after first dose.

Conclusion
The prevalence of side effect after first and second dose vaccine was higher. Most of the symptoms were short lived and mild. This result might help to solve an emerging public health challenge (vaccine hesitancy) nurtured by misinformation related to vaccines safety.
Developing health and environmental warning messages about red meat: An online experiment
Authors: Taillie Lindsey Smith , Prestemon Carmen E. , Hall Marissa G. , Grummon Anna H. , Vesely Annamaria , Jaacks Lindsay M. 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe United States has among the highest per capita red meat consumption in the world. Reducing red meat consumption is crucial for minimizing the environmental impact of diets and improving health outcomes. Warning messages are effective for reducing purchases of products like sugary beverages but have not been developed for red meat. This study developed health and environmental warning messages about red meat and explored participants’ reactions to these messages.MethodsA national convenience sample of US red meat consumers (n= 1,199; mean age 45 years) completed an online survey in 2020 for this exploratory study. Participants were randomized to view a series of either health or environmental warning messages (between-subjects factor) about the risks associated with eating red meat. Messages were presented in random order (within-subjects factor; 8 health messages or 10 environmental messages). Participants rated each warning message on a validated 3-item scale measuring perceived message effectiveness (PME), ranging from 1 (low) to 5 (high). Participants then rated their intentions to reduce their red meat consumption in the next 7 days.ResultsHealth warning messages elicited higher PME ratings than environmental messages (mean 2.66 vs. 2.26,p<0.001). Health warning messages also led to stronger intentions to reduce red meat consumption compared to environmental messages (mean 2.45 vs. 2.19,p<0.001). Within category (health and environmental), most pairwise comparisons of harms were not statistically significant.ConclusionsHealth warning messages were perceived to be more effective than environmental warning messages. Future studies should measure the impact of these messages on behavioral outcomes.
Characteristics of pigmentary glaucoma in Japanese individuals
Authors: Yamashita Takehiro , Shiihara Hideki , Terasaki Hiroto , Fujiwara Kazuki , Tanaka Minoru , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Myopia is a known risk factor of pigmentary glaucoma (PG), and the increased prevalence of myopia in Asian countries indicates that more cases of PG will likely develop soon. However, there are no diagnostic criteria for PG for Asians. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of PG in Japanese individuals and establish three diagnostic signs for PG.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective, case series study of glaucoma patients who visited the Kagoshima University Hospital between January 2015 and January 2020. The inclusion criteria were age <50 years at time of diagnosis and presence of pigmentation in the anterior chamber (AC) angle including a Sampaolesi line. Eyes with pigmentation of the AC angle caused by other types of glaucoma such as uveitis, trauma, exfoliation, or childhood glaucoma were excluded. We investigated the classic diagnostic triad of signs of PG; posterior corneal pigmentation, mid peripheral iris transillumination defect, and pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork. We also examined the Sampaolesi line, iris concavity, and midperipheral iris depigmentation in eyes with PG.

Results
Ten eyes of 5 Japanese men and 10 eyes of 5 Japanese women were studied. Their age ranged from 13 to 46 years at the time of diagnosis. One eye had posterior corneal pigmentation and 6 eyes had pigmentation of the trabecular meshwork. None had mid peripheral iris transillumination defect. The Sampaolesi line, iris concavity, and midperipheral iris depigmentation were found in all patients except one patient who lacked the mid peripheral depigmentation. Two eyes had the pigment reversal sign, none had lens pigmentation, and 2 eyes had peripheral retinal degeneration.

Conclusion
The presence of the Sampaolesi line, iris concavity, and midperipheral iris depigmentation may be appropriate signs for the diagnosis of PG in Asians.
Effect of an antenatal diet and lifestyle intervention and maternal BMI on cord blood DNA methylation in infants of overweight and obese women: The LIMIT Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Louise Jennie , Deussen Andrea R. , Koletzko Berthold , Owens Julie , Saffery Richard , Dodd Jodie M. 
Published: June 2022

Background
To investigate the effect of an antenatal diet and lifestyle intervention, and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, on infant cord blood DNA methylation.

Methods
We measured DNA methylation in 645 cord blood samples from participants in the LIMIT study (an antenatal diet and lifestyle intervention for women with early pregnancy BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) using the Illumina 450K BeadChip array, and tested for any differential methylation related to the intervention, and to maternal early pregnancy BMI. We also analysed differential methylation in relation to selected candidate genes.

Results
No CpG sites were significantly differentially methylated in relation to either the diet and lifestyle intervention, or with maternal early pregnancy BMI. There was no significant differential methylation in any of the selected genes related to the intervention, or to maternal BMI.

Conclusion
We found no evidence of an effect of either antenatal diet and lifestyle, or of maternal early pregnancy BMI, on cord blood DNA methylation.

Clinical trials registration
ACTRN12607000161426
Long term outcomes of patients with tuberculous meningitis: The impact of drug resistance
Authors: Evans Emily E. , Avaliani Teona , Gujabidze Mariam , Bakuradze Tinatin , Kipiani Maia , Sabanadze Shorena , Smith Alison G. C. , Avaliani Zaza , Collins Jeffrey M. , Kempker Russell R. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Little is known about the impact of drug-resistance on clinical outcomes among patients with tuberculosis meningitis (TBM).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study among patients treated for TBM in Tbilisi, Georgia. We performed medical chart abstraction to collect patient data. Long-term vital status was assessed using the Georgia National Death Registry. We utilized a Cox proportional-hazards model to evaluate the association of drug-resistance and mortality.

Results
Among 343 TBM suspects, 237 had a presentation consistent with TBM. Drug resistance was suspected (n = 5) or confirmed (n = 31) in 36 patients including 30 with multidrug- or rifampin-resistance and 6 with isoniazid-resistance. Thirty-four patients had HIV. The median follow-up time was 1331 days (IQR, 852–1767). Overall, 73 of 237 (30%) people died with 50 deaths occurring during and 23 after treatment. The proportion of death was higher among patients with drug-resistant vs. drug-susceptible disease (67% vs. 24%, p<0.001) and with HIV versus no HIV (59% vs 27%, p<0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with drug-resistant TBM after 90 days of treatment (aHR = 7.2, CI95% [3.6–14.3], p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Mortality was high among patients with drug-resistant TBM with many deaths occurring post treatment. More effective treatment options are urgently needed for drug-resistant TBM.
Predictability of combined cataract surgery and trabeculectomy using Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula
Authors: Iijima Kei , Kamiya Kazutaka , Iida Yoshihiko , Kasahara Masayuki , Shoji Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo compare the predictability of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using the Barrett Universal II and the SRK/T formulas in eyes undergoing combined cataract surgery and trabeculectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of 56 consecutive eyes undergoing cataract surgery and trabeculectomy. IOL power calculations were performed using the Barrett Universal II and SRK/T formulas. We compared the prediction error, the absolute error, and the percentages within ± 0.5 D and ±1.0 D of the targeted refraction, 3 months postoperatively, and also investigated the relationship of the prediction error with the keratometric readings and axial length, using the two formulas.ResultsThe prediction error using the SRK/T formula was significantly more myopic than that using the Barrett Universal II formula (paired t-test, p<0.001). The absolute error using the Barrett Universal II formula was significantly smaller than that using the SRK/T formula (p = 0.039). We found significant correlations of the prediction error with the axial length (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.273, p = 0.042), and the keratometric readings (r = -0.317, p = 0.017), using SRK/T formula, but no significant correlations between them (r = 0.219, p = 0.167, and r = -0.023, p = 0.870), using the Barrett Universal II formula.ConclusionsThe Barrett Universal II formula provides a better predictability of IOL power calculation and is less susceptible to the effect of the axial length and the corneal shape, than the SRK/T formula. The Barrett Universal formula, rather than the SRK/T formula, may be clinically helpful for improving the refractive accuracy in such eyes.
Healthcare provider perspectives on delivering next generation rotavirus vaccines in five low-to-middle-income countries
Authors: Mooney Jessica , Price Jessica , Bain Carolyn , Bawa John Tanko , Gurley Nikki , Kumar Amresh , Liyanage Guwani , Mkisi Rouden Esau , Odero Chris , Seck Karim , Simpson Evan , Hausdorff William P. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Live oral rotavirus vaccines (LORVs) have significantly reduced rotavirus hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. However, LORVs are less effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Next-generation rotavirus vaccines (NGRVs) may be more effective but require administration by injection or a neonatal oral dose, adding operational complexity. Healthcare providers (HPs) were interviewed to assess rotavirus vaccine preferences and identify delivery issues as part of an NGRV value proposition.

Objective
Determine HP vaccine preferences about delivering LORVs compared to injectable (iNGRV) and neonatal oral (oNGRV) NGRVs.

Methods
64 HPs from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Peru, and Senegal were interviewed following a mixed-method guide centered on three vaccine comparisons: LORV vs. iNGRV; LORV vs. oNGRV; oNGRV vs. iNGRV. HPs reviewed attributes for each vaccine in the comparisons, then indicated and explained their preference. Additional questions elicited views about co-administering iNGRV+LORV for greater public health impact, a possible iNGRV-DTP-containing combination vaccine, and delivering neonatal doses.

Results
Almost all HPs preferred oral vaccine options over iNGRV, with many emphasizing an aversion to additional injections. Despite this strong preference, HPs described challenges delivering oral doses. Preferences for LORV vs. oNGRV were split, marked by disparate views on rotavirus disease epidemiology and the safety, need, and feasibility of delivering neonatal vaccines. Although overwhelmingly enthusiastic about an iNGRV-DTP-containing combination option, several HPs had concerns. HP views were divided on the feasibility of co-administering iNGRV+LORV, citing challenges around logistics and caregiver sensitization.

Conclusion
Our findings provide valuable insights on delivering NGRVs in routine immunization. Despite opposition to injectables, openness to co-administering LORV+iNGRV to improve efficacy suggests future HP support of iNGRV if adequately informed of its advantages. Rationales for LORV vs. oNGRV underscore needs for training on rotavirus epidemiology and stronger service integration. Expressed challenges delivering existing LORVs merit further examination and indicate need for improved delivery.