bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitor alone or together with programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitorsComparison of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitor alone or together with programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitors
Authors: Lei Jin , Yan Tao , Zhang Linzhi , Chen Bowen , Cheng Jiamin , Gao Xiaoqiang , Liu zherui , Li Yinyin , Zuo Shi , Lu Yinying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims: Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) has dramatically improved survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation from these antitumor medications remains unclear.
Methods: Patients receiving TIK monotherapy (TKI group) or TKI combined with PD-1 inhibitors (combination group) were included. The primary endpoint was HBV reactivation as defined by an increase in HBV DNA titer by at least 1 log(10-fold) from baseline. The secondary endpoints included tumor progression, overall survival.
Results: A total of 499 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 296 patients in the TKI group and 203 patients in the combination group. The 3-month, 6-month and 12-month cumulative incidence rates of HBV reactivation in the TKI group vs combination group were 7.8%, 12.8% and 21.3% vs 9.9%,19.2% and 30.0%, respectively (P=0.02). The Cox proportional hazard model indicated that combination therapy (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.00-1.99, P=0.05), ALT > 40 U/L (HR 1.50, 95% CI, 1.05-2.16, P=0.03), and tumor size > 5 cm (HR 1.58, 95% CI, 1.10-2.28, P=0.01) were independent risk factors for HBV reactivation. Compared with the HBV reactivation group, the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients in the HBV non-reactivation group were significantly prolonged (P<0.001 and P=0.001).
Conclusions: Patients who received TKI combined with PD-1 inhibitors had a greater risk for HBV reactivation, and those with HBV reactivation had a higher rate of tumor progression and shorter survival time, than those receiving TKI alone.
Risk factors for posterior mandible lingual plate perforation during immediate implant placement: A virtual implant placement study using CBCT
Authors: Sun Yingjia , Hu Sai , Xie Zhijian , Zhou Yiqun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the influence of lingual concavity(LC) and morphological parameters at the mandibular molar sites on lingual plate perforation(LPP) during immediate implant placement(IIP).
Materials and Methods
On the CBCT images and along with the natural crown’s long axis, 181 implants were virtually placed in the mandibular molar sites. The implant diameter is set in the specification of 4.1mm or 4.8mm. Each cross-section of the implantation site is divided into the U/P/C type according to its upper and lower width and the shape of the labiolingual bone plate. Morphologically relevant parameters were also measured on the cross-sections. Besides, the distance between the end of the virtual implant and the lingual bone plate of the cross-section (DIL) was calculated, which indicates the risk of LPP. The relationship between all the morphologically relevant parameters and the DIL was further analyzed.
Results
A total of 77 (42.5%) cross-sections in molar regions were classified as U-type with LC, which was the most common type, accounting for 63% of the second molar region. All LPP cases (100.0%) and most of the nearly LPP (87.9%) cases occurred at the U-type cross-sections. For all the U-type cross-sections, the relationship between the DIL in virtual implants with different diameters and the morphological parameters can be respectively expressed by a multivariate linear equation: DIL(⌀=4.1mm)=-0.998LCD + 0.204Wc-0.063∠ β or DIL (⌀=4.8mm)= -0.985 LCD + 0.204Wc-0.061∠ β.
Conclusions
The occurrence rate of U-type cross-sections in the second molar region is very high, and the risk of LPP should be considered during the immediate implantation process. Except for the U-type, significant depth of the LC, small lower width of the cross-section, and large ∠ β will be considered as the main risk factors. CBCT and multivariate linear equations can help to assess the LPP risk and provide a reference for adjusting the diameter and orientation of the implant pre-surgery.
How the Dice Fall: Investigating the Final State Probabilities of Bevelled Versus Non-bevelled Dice
Authors: Loria Davie Nicole 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many of the household board games people play use bevelled dice, with rounded corners, and are one of the most common examples of chance. However, casinos are not allowed to use them due to their supposed unbalanced and imperfect rolls. They are required to use non-bevelled dice with sharp corners and flush sides. When asked, it is safe to assume that the average person would say that each face of any dice have a 1/6 chance of turning up when rolled. So why is there a difference between bevelled and non-bevelled in casinos? There is a huge gap in the research of probability and fairness of different types of dice. This lack of research was our motivation. Many people have looked into the true randomness of dice and there is no lack of research there; the lack of research comes with comparing the difference between bevelled and non-bevelled dice. Our research will investigate whether bevelled or non-bevelled dice are more random or fair and attempt to create a mathematical model. By rolling a large sample size of both types of dice under the same conditions and recording the final-state-the side that was facing up when the dice settled during each of our many rolls-we will be able to show the differences between the two types and determine an explanation. This research will explore our findings and their implications in a practical setting, specifically casinos.
Pan-cancer analysis reveals potential for synergy between SERPINA1 molecular targeting and macrophage-related immunotherapy
Authors: Fu Chen , Miao Yuxi , Jiao Xue , Fu Jia , Liu Chaoyue , Yu Zhaojin , Wei Minjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The immune response can be modulated by autophagy to alter tumor growth. SERPINA1 is not only an autophagy-related protein but also a serine protease inhibitor with the potential for immunotherapy and targeted drug therapy.
Methods
Based on the latest multi-omic databases, we evaluated SERPINA1 mRNA and protein expression levels, prognostic value, methylation and mutation, signaling pathway, and gene ontology analysis and explored their relevance. The relationship between SERPINA1 expression and immune and drug sensitivity was also analyzed. Single-cell sequencing was used to validate the function and immunity in different cancers.
Results
Many tumors are associated with abnormal SERPINA1 expression and a poor prognosis. According to our study, DNA methylation, gene mutations, and post-translational modifications of SERPINA1 were significantly and positively correlated with its expression levels in breast cancer as a diagnostic marker. In addition, we observed that SERPINA1 positively correlates with macrophages and was able to stimulate M2 macrophage polarization, It was found that SERPINA1 was associated with macrophages in glioma immune microenvironments.
Conclusions
Considering that SERPINA1 plays a role in cancer progression, SERPINA1 may be a new promising target for immunotherapy and drug target therapy.
Adolescent Perceptions of Substance Use Problem Resolution and Recovery
Authors: Smith Douglas C. , Evans Jennifer M. , Reinhart Crystal A. , Taylor Shaneil E. , Begum Shahana , Jenkins Karen V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
While there is some research on adult recovery from substance use, particularly regarding its definition and correlates, there appears to be little work on defining recovery for adolescents. Definitional research on adolescent recovery, including adolescents’ perceptions of recovery, will create opportunities to enhance adolescent recovery-oriented systems of care.
METHODS
Data for this study were collected through Qualtrics, an online survey platform. The survey gathered different behavioral and social indicators, including whether adolescents resolved a problem with substances or considered themselves to be in recovery. Youth also responded to a list of statements, indicating whether the item was consistent with their definition of problem resolution or recovery. The final analytic sample included 63 (16.3%) adolescents in recovery and 323 who were not. We analyzed descriptive statistics for both groups and assessed whether perceptions on problem resolution or recovery definitions differed by recovery status using chi-square tests.
RESULTS
Among all statements presented to youth in reference to problem resolution, the most commonly endorsed was “stop completely” (59.8%), followed by “not hanging out with friends who use a lot” (47.7%) and “getting counseling for alcohol/drug use” (46.1%). Youth in recovery were significantly less likely than those not in recovery to endorse “stop completely” as being associated with problem resolution (p < .05). Similarly, “no use of any drug or alcohol” was the most highly endorsed statement that participants felt was closely aligned with their personal definition of recovery (68.1%) across all participants. However, those in recovery (58.7%) were significantly less likely to include “no use of any drug or alcohol” in their personal definition of recovery than those not in recovery (70%) (p < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Approximately 40% of youth in recovery did not select abstinence as a key component of recovery. Additional research on recovery identity among adolescents is needed to clarify this finding.
To predict the left ventricular endocardial Scar tissue pattern using Radon descriptor-based machine learning
Authors: Singh Yashbir , Mansoor Wathiq , Atalla Shadi , Paul Rahul , Deepa Deepa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: Scar tissue is an identified cause for the development of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in patients of myocardial infarction, which ultimately leads to cardiac death, a fatal outcome. We aim to evaluate the left ventricular endocardial Scar tissue pattern using Radon descriptor-based machine learning.
We performed automated LV segmentation to find the LV endocardial wall, performed morphological operations, and marked the region of the scar tissue on the endocardial wall of LV. Motivated by a Radon descriptor-based machine learning approach; the patches of 17 patients from CT images of the heart were used and categorized into “endocardial Scar tissue” and “normal tissue” groups. The ten feature vectors are extracted from patches using Radon descriptors and fed into a traditional machine learning model.
Results: The decision tree has shown the best performance with 98.07% accuracy. This study is the first attempt to provide a Radon transform-based machine learning method to distinguish patterns between “endocardial Scar tissue” and “normal tissue” groups. Our proposed research method could be potentially used in advanced interventions.
Integration of the landscape of fear concept in terrain management – an experimental study on deer in Bardia National Park, Nepal.
Authors: Thapa Shyam Kumar , de Jong Joost F. , Hof Anouschka R. , Subedi Naresh , Liefting Yorick , Prins Herbert H.T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite the popularity of the ‘landscape of fear’ concept, the potential for integration of this idea into terrain management for wildlife conservation has remained largely unexplored. We carried out a multi-year experimental study in the tiger-dense Bardia National Park, Nepal. Using plots of varying mowing frequency (0–4 times), size (small: 49 m2; to large: 3600 m2), and artificial fertilisation type (none, phosphorus, nitrogen), we assessed to what extent ‘fear’ affects the use of managed terrain by three cervids (chital -Axis axis, swamp deer -Rucervus duvauceli, and hog deer -Axis porcinus). We show that these deer respond to the probable predation risk when using the terrain. The medium-sized deer strongly favoured large plots (mean = 0.1 pellet groups.m− 2in 3600 m2plots, vs. 0.07 in 400 m2, and 0.05 in 49 m2plots), wherein they tend to use edge areas less (mean = 0.13 pellet groups.m− 2at the edge vs. 0.21 at the centre). The smaller, hog deer did not show any reaction to the treatments. We posit that for medium-sized deer ‘feeling safe’ may be the principal determinant for using the managed terrain in subtropical monsoon grasslands. Our findings give important insights into the applicability of the landscape of fear dynamics in terrain management for wild ungulates and carnivores worldwide.
The performance of EuroSCORE II in CABG patients in relation to sex, age, and surgical risk: a nationwide study in 14118 patients
Authors: Silverborn Martin , Nielsen Susanne , Karlsson Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
To determine the discriminative accuracy and calibration of EuroSCORE II in relation to age, sex, and surgical risk in a large nationwide coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) cohort.
METHODS
All 14118 patients undergoing isolated CABG in Sweden during 2012–2017 were included. Individual patient data were taken from the SWEDEHEART registry. Patients were divided by age (<60, 60–69, 70–79, ≥80 years), sex, and surgical risk (low: EuroSCORE <4%, intermediate: 4–8%, high: >8%). Discriminative accuracy was determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration by the observed/estimated (O/E) mortality ratio at 30 days.
RESULTS
AUC and O/E ratio were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79–0.85) and 0.58 (0.50–0.66) overall, 0.82 (0.79–0.86) and 0.57 (0.48–0.66) in men, and 0.79 (0.73–0.85) and 0.60 (0.47–0.75) in women. Regarding age, discriminative accuracy was highest in patients aged 60–69 years (AUC: 0.86 [0.80–0.93]) but was satisfactory in all groups (AUC: 0.74–0.80). O/E ratio varied from 0.26 for patients >60 years to 0.90 for patients >80 years. Regarding surgical risk, AUC and O/E ratio were 0.63 (0.44–0.83) and 0.18 (0.09–0.30) in low-risk patients, 0.60 (0.55–0.66) and 0.57 (0.46–0.68) in intermediate-risk patients, and 0.78 (0.73–0.83) and 0.78 (0.64–0.92) in high-risk patients.
CONCLUSIONS
EuroSCORE II had good discriminative accuracy independently of sex and age, but markedly overestimated mortality risk, especially in younger patients. Accuracy and calibration were better in high-risk patients than in low-risk and intermediate-risk patients.
Hepatic vein-oriented double cone-unit laparoscopic hepatic resection
Authors: Yasuda Jungo , Furukawa Kenei , Yanagaki Mitsuru , Igarashi Yousuke , Tanji Yoshiaki , Haruki Koichiro , Onda Shinji , Ikegami Toru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To achieve a negative margin when removing tumors adjacent to the hepatic vein, it is important to resect the two tertiary Glissonean pedicles that straddle the hepatic vein. The smallest unit that achieves anatomical resection of small tumors adjacent to the vein is a double cone unit (DCU).
Patients and methods:
We here report four patients who underwent laparoscopic DCU resection of hepatic tumors among 127 who had undergone laparoscopic hepatectomy at the Jikei Medical University Hospital from 2020 through 2021. DCU resection was considered when computed tomography imaging showed the hepatic vein was near the tumor and the tumor was relatively small (< 50 mm). After reaching the target Glissonean pedicles, bulldog clamps were used to clamp the hepatic vein, after which indocyanine green was injected via peripheral veins. A few minutes later, the tumor-bearing portal territory could be identified as regions lacking fluorescence under near-infrared imaging. The target hepatic vein, which runs between these two territories, was dissected where it crosses from the first to the second territory.
Results
The median operative time in these four patients was 308 minutes, and the median blood loss 302 g. The average tumor size was 31.3 mm and the average surgical margin 0.6 mm.
Conclusion
The smallest unit for achieving anatomical hepatectomy of small tumors adjacent to the hepatic vein may be DCU resection.
Identification of bile biomarkers of Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux through a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomic method
Authors: Da# Xuanbo , Xiang# Yukai , Hu Hai , Kong Xiangyu , Qiu Chen , Zhao Gang , Cai Jingli , Huang Anhua , Zhang Cheng , He Chuanqi , Lv Beining , Zhang Honglei , Yang Yulong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPBR) causes chronic inflammation of the gallbladder and associated mucosal malignant changes, but its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanism in OPBR through untargeted metabolomic analysis of bile collected during surgery.
Methods
Patients undergoing surgery for gallstones between December 2020 and May 2021 were eligible for inclusion. There were 30 OPBR patients and 338 non-OPBR patients, and 30 non-OPBR patients were randomly selected as normal controls. Metabolomics analysis was performed based on bile samples from patients in the OPBR group.
Results
The principal component analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that 30 metabolites were significantly different between patients with OPBR compared to controls. Among these characteristic metabolites, palmitic acid and arachidonic acid are known to be involved in gallstone formation, methionine and lysophosphatidylcholine are known to be associated with carcinogenesis.
Conclusions
The present study suggested that an LC/MS-based metabolomic studies provide an efficient and promising method for identifying potential biomarkers of OPBR. The identified characteristic metabolites in the OPBR group were significantly different to the control group.
Postoperative complications and short-term prognosis of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy vs. open pancreaticoduodenectomy for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Bin , Xu Zipeng , Gu Weifang , Zhou Junjing , Tang Neng , Zhang Shuo , Chen Chaobo , Zhang Zhongjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Although laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) has been accepted worldwide for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), it remains a very technical and challenging procedure. Also, whether LPD is superior to open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) remains unclear. This study summarized the experience and efficacy of LPD to PDA in our medical center from October 2019 and January 2021.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients with PDA admitted at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University. Patients received either LPD or OPD. Clinical outcomes (operation time, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative hemorrhage), postoperative complications, and short-term outcomes were compared. Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
Among the PDA patients, 97 patients underwent surgical treatment, and 7 of them received conservative treatment. Forty-six patients were cured with LPD, and 1 of them died shortly after the operation. Moreover, 44 patients received OPD, and there were 2 postoperative deaths. There were significant differences in the location of the operation time, duration of anesthesia, postoperative hemorrhage, abdominal infections, and postoperative pneumonia between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that LPD was an independent factor negatively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia (relative risk (RR) = 0.072, 95%CI: 0.016–0.326, p = 0.001) and abdominal infection (RR = 0.182, 95%CI: 0.047–0.709, p = 0.014). Also, there were no differences in OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46, 95%CI:0.60–3.53, p = 0.40) and PFS (HR = 1.46, 95%CI:0.64–3.32, p = 0.37) at 12 months between the two groups.
Conclusions
LPD is a safe and feasible strategy for managing selected PDA patients. Also, LPD has a better effect on reducing postoperative pneumonia and abdominal infection compared to OPD.
A Metrics-Based Maintainability Estimation Framework for Object Oriented Software in Design Phase
Authors: Macharia Elijah Migwi , Mwangi Waweru , Kimwele Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMeasurement of maintainability early in the software development life cycle, especially during the design phase, may aid designers in incorporating necessary improvements and adjustments to enhance the maintainability of the completed product. In order to demonstrate the importance and necessity of software maintainability during the design phase, this paper expands the (MEMOOD) metrics model, which estimates the maintainability of class diagrams in terms of their understandability and modifiability, to create a multivariate linear model called "Maintainability Estimation Framework and Metrics for Object Oriented Software (MEFOOS)" during the design phase. Thus, class diagrams' maintainability is estimated in terms of theirunderstandability, modifiability, and analyzabilityin the developed model. This study attempts, as a first effort, to create a relationship between object-oriented design features and maintainability elements analyzability, understandability, and modifiability. In spite of this, the study also created three further multivariate models to measure the class diagram's analyzability, understandability, and modifiability. Finally, the presented models have been empirically validated through the use of relevant statistical tests and reasoning from the context
Net Neutrality and Universal Service Obligations
Authors: Gautier Axel , Poudou Jean-Christophe , Roland Michel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes whether repealing net neutrality (NN) improves ordecreases the capacity of a regulator to make internet service providers(ISPs) extend broadband coverage through universal service obligations(USOs). We model a two-sided market where a monopolistic ISP links contentproviders (CPs) to end users with a broadband network of a given bandwidth.A regulator determines whether to submit the ISP to NN or to allow it tosupply paid priority (P) services to CPs. She can also impose a broadbandUSO to the ISP, i.e. she can mandate the broadband market coverage. We show that the greater is the network bandwidth, the more likely the repeal of netneutrality increases ISP profits and social welfare. Regulation can still benecessary, however, as there are bandwidth ranges for which the ISP wouldbenefit from a repeal of NN while such a repeal is detrimental to society.
JEL: D21, K23, L12, L51, L96