bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ptpn20 Deletion in H-tx Rats Facilitates Cotransporter-mediated Water Transport in the Choroid Plexus: Evidence of Genetic Risk for Hydrocephalus in an Experimental Study
Authors: Xu Hanbing , Miyajima Masakazu , Nakajima Madoka , Ogino Ikuko , Kawamura Kaito , Akiba Chihiro , Kamohara Chihiro , Sakamoto Koichiro , Karagiozov Kostadin , Nakamura Eri , Tada Nobuhiro , Arai Hajime , Kondo Akihide 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCongenital hydrocephalus occurs with some inheritable characteristics, but the mechanisms of its development remain poorly understood. Animal models provide the opportunity to identify potential genetic causes in this condition. The Hydrocephalus-Texas (H-Tx) rat strain is one of the most studied animal models for investigating the causative genetic alterations and analyzing downstream pathogenetic mechanisms of congenital hydrocephalus.MethodsComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array on non-hydrocephalic and hydrocephalic H-Tx rats was used to identify causative genes of hydrocephalus. Targeted gene knockout mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to study the role of this gene in hydrocephalus. ResultsCGH array revealed a copy number loss in chromosome 16p16 region in hydrocephalic H-Tx rats, encompassing the Ptpn20 gene, without change in most non-hydrocephalic H-Tx rats. Ptpn20-knockout (Ptpn20-/-) mice were generated and found to develop ventriculomegaly. Furthermore, high expression of phosphorylated Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (pNKCC1) was identified in the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium of mice lacking Ptpn20. ConclusionsThe high level of pNKCC1 in CP epithelium may cause the overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid and contribute to the formation of hydrocephalus in Ptpn20-/- mice. Ptpn20 may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of hydrocephalus.
Movements of Free-Range Pigs in Rural Communities in Zambia: An Explorative Study Towards Future Ring Interventions for the Control of Taenia Solium
Authors: Damme Inge Van , Pray Ian , Mwape Kabemba E. , Trevisan Chiara , Coudenys Fien , Mubanga Chishimba , Mwelwa Chembesofu , Vaernewyck Victor , Dorny Pierre , O’Neal Seth E. , Gabriël Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Taenia solium typically affects resource-poor communities where pigs are allowed to roam freely, and sanitation and hygiene levels are suboptimal. Sustainable, long-term strategies are urgently needed to control the disease. Geographically targeted interventions, i.e., screening or treatment of taeniosis among people living near infected pigs (defined as ring screening and ring treatment, respectively), have been shown to be effective control options in Peru. However, these results might not be directly generalizable to sub-Saharan African settings. Pig movements play a vital role in the transmission and consequently the success of ring interventions against T. solium. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore roaming patterns of pigs in T. solium endemic communities in Zambia as a first step to evaluate whether ring interventions should be considered in Zambia. Methods: In total, 48 free-roaming pigs in two rural neighborhoods in Eastern Province of Zambia were tracked using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. Tracking took place in April 2019 (end of the rainy season) and October 2019 (end of the dry season). The number of revisitations and the time spent within rings of different radii (50m, 100m, and 250m) around the coordinates of the pig owners’ household were calculated for each pig. Results: The tracking time of 43 pigs in the final analysis set ranged between 43 and 94 hours. Pigs spent a median of 31% and 13% of the tracked time outside the 50m and 100m radius, respectively, though large variations were observed between pigs. Overall, 25 pigs (58%) went outside the 250m ring at least once, and individual visits up to 16 hours were observed. In the dry season, 17 out of 23 pigs went outside the 250m radius compared to only 8 out of 20 pigs in the rainy season (p = 0.014).Conclusions: In our study sites in Zambia, the majority of pigs spent most of their time within 50 or 100 m of their owners’ home, and results are comparable with those of Peruvian pigs. Both radii could therefore be considered reasonable in future ring interventions.
Association between triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and death risk in diabetic patients with new-onset acute coronary syndrome：a retrospective cohort study in Han Chinese population
Authors: Cong Hongliang , Shi Dongdong , Wang Le 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims: The incidence of diabetes mellitus has reached an alarming level. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. However, the association between ratio and survival outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and new-onset acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unknown. The study aimed to assess the association between TG/HDLC ratio and the death risk in diabetic patients with new-onset acute coronary syndrome in Han Chinese population. Methods: Data in this study were retrospectively collected from January 2016 to December 2016 from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and new-onset ACS in Tianjin Chest Hospital. Patients were classified according to the baseline TG/HDLC ratio. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed survival outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analyses were used to evaluate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of death risk. Subgroup analysis was used to determine whether there was an interaction.Results: In total, 152 patients died, 98 of them from heart disease. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the group with a high TG/HDLC ratio has a higher mortality rate than the group with a low TG/HDLC ratio. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the adjusted hazard ratio increased significantly with increasing TG/HDLC median (P <0.05) for all-cause mortality and cardiac death. The association between TG/HDLC ratio and the risks of all-cause mortality and cardiac death in diabetic patients with new-onset ACS was similar among subgroups (P for interaction>0.05).Conclusion: Increased TG/HDLC ratio is significantly associated with higher all-cause and cardiac death risks in diabetic patients with new-onset ACS. Therefore, TG/HDLC ratio may be beneficial to evaluate the prognosis of this high-risk population.
A Balanced Butterfly Optimization Algorithm For Numerical Optimization And Feature Selection
Authors: Long Wen , Jiao Jianjun , Wu Tiebin , Xu Ming , Cai Shaohong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is a relatively novel optimization technique for solving function optimization as well as real world applications. However, the paramount challenge in BOA is that it is prone to stagnation in local optima. The purpose of this study is to balance the exploration and exploitation abilities of BOA when two new strategies are introduced. The dynamic inertia weight based on Logistic model as the first strategy is introduced to modify the position updating equation. Another strategy is the opposition-based learning. A new variant of BOA called BBOA based on these two strategies is proposed. Ten widely used benchmark test functions and 30 complex benchmarks from CEC 2014 are selected to verify the effectiveness of BBOA. The used benchmark problems are composed of unimodal, multimodal, rotated, shifted, hybrid and composite functions. The experimental results and analysis show that the proposed BBOA has better exploration ability than the conventional BOA when solving different characteristics functions. Finally, BBOA is applied to solve three real-world engineering applications and sixteen feature selection problems. The results demonstrate that BBOA can outperform other competitors in terms of the accuracy of solution on constrained engineering design and feature selection problems.
Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and acquired nephrotic syndrome: A case report in a 35-month child.
Authors: Jose-Andres Tascon A. , Echeverri Catalina Velez , Garcia Carolina-Lucia Ochoa , F Arias. Luis , Jose Vanegas R. Juan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) presents with thrombocytopenia, nonimmune hemolytic anemia, peripheral blood schistocytes and end-organ damage to the kidney. TA-TMA is associated with a significant increased morbidity and mortality, especially when treatment is not initiated early. We present a pediatric clinical case of a 35-month child with history of hepatic transplantation, who develop the clinical spectrum of TA-TMA and acquired nephrotic syndrome.
Case presentation:

A 35-month-old boy with history of hepatic transplantation secondary of atresia of biliary ducts who received immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus, mycophenolate and steroids. He presents with 4 days of fever, vomiting, and non-dysenteric diarrhea. He received an initial course of antibiotics without response. After 3 days he continues with fever, low urine output and edema. Vital signs showed high blood pressure and physical exam revealed facial and extremity edema. Laboratory results showed proteinuria and hematuria, low albumin, and high triglycerides. All possible etiologies of nephrotic syndrome were ruled out. Kidney biopsy showed TMA changes. Plasma exchange and Eculizumab were started with clinical improvement.
Discussion

TMA can be classified as a primary or secondary. Primary TMA can be hereditary or acquired. Acquired TMA included the ones triggered by medications. This clinical syndrome has been described as an endothelial dysfunction secondary of an immune reaction over the endothelium and/or a direct cytotoxic effect over endothelium and platelets. In this case report the use of calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus) one of the most common drugs associated with TMA was one the triggers factors. Recent publications have described how these patients that are exposed to any triggers has also a genetically predisposing to develop TMA. There is a lack in diagnostics and prognostic markers. The earliest treatment is stared, the better prognosis and outcomes.
Characterization of transposable elements within the Bemisia tabaci species complex
Authors: Sicat Juan Paolo A. , Muhindira Paul Visendi , Sewe Steven O , Bouvaine Sophie , Seal Susan E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Whiteflies are agricultural pests that have caused worldwide negative impacts that have led to severe financial losses. The Bemisia tabaci whitefly species complex is the most damaging in terms of their broad crop host range and its ability to serve as vector for over 300 plant viruses. Whitefly genomes of the species complex provide valuable genomic data; however, transposable elements (TEs) within the species complex remain unexplored. This study provides the first accurate exploration of TE content within the B. tabaci species complex.Results This study identified an average of 40.61% of the genomes of three whitefly species (MEAM1, MEDQ, and SSA-ECA) consists of TEs. Majority of the TEs identified were DNA transposons (22.85% average) while SINEs (0.14% average) were the least represented. This study also compared the TE content the three whitefly genomes with three other hemipteran genomes and found a significant difference in the presence of DNA transposons and LINEs. A total of 63 TE superfamilies were identified to be present across the three whitefly species (39 DNA transposons, six LTR, 16 LINE, and two SINE) of which 11 TE superfamilies were identified to not be present in the three other hemipteran genomes (nine DNA transposon, and two LINE). This study is the first to characterize TEs found within different B. tabaci species and has created a standardized annotation workflow that could be used to analyze future whitefly genomes.Conclusion This study is the first to characterize the landscape of TEs within the B. tabaci species complex. The characterization of these elements within the three whitefly genomes shows that TEs occupy a significant portion of the whitefly genome, majority of which are DNA transposons. This study also identified TE superfamilies of note and provides a framework for future TE studies within the species complex.
Nuclear Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 A1 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Flores Mariana López , Franco Emiliano Honrado , Cousido Luis Felipe Sánchez , Carazo Carlos Minguito , Guadarrama Oscar Sanz , González Laura López , Pascual María Eva Vallejo , Torre Antonio José Molina de la , Palomo Andrés García , González Ana López 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: ﻿Cytoplasmatic expression of Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (ALDH1A1) has been identified as a cancer stem cell marker and related to an unfavorable prognosis. However, nuclear expression of ALDH1A1 has not been described in breast cancer (BC) patients yet. Methods: A retrospective, historical cohort study of patients diagnosed with early or locally advanced triple negative (TN) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) BC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was conducted. Patients who had an available tumor sample from the diagnosis and who underwent surgery after the neoadjuvant treatment were included. Metastatic patients and non-evaluative biopsy sample cases were excluded. Immunostaining against ALDH1A1 was performed. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of nuclear ALDH1A1 in BC and its relation with clinicopathological features and outcomes.Results: 75 patients were analyzed (100% women, mean age 53.6±11.7 years, 42.7% TN, 57.3% HER2+ tumors). 28% had obesity, 32 (42.7%) had a tumor size ≤5 cm and 52 (69.3%) positive lymph nodes. 40 (53.3%) patients had cytoplasmatic ALDH1A1 expression. From them, 18 (24%) also expressed nuclear ALDH1A1 staining and 22 (29.3%) only had cytoplasmatic expression. 57 (76%) patients had negative nuclear ALDH1A1. At the end of the follow-up (54.4 [38.3-87.6] months), 47 patients (62.7%) remained disease free and 20 (26.7%) died. Patients with nuclear ALDH1A1 had higher prevalence of obesity when comparing to exclusively positive cytoplasmatic ALDH1A1 (p = 0.003) and versus those with negative ALDH1A1 expression (p = 0.017); and also, smaller size compared to those without nuclear ALDH1A1 staining (p = 0.044). Furthermore, in patients with positive nuclear ALDH1A1 a tendency to superior disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was observed when compared to positive cytoplasmatic and negative ALDH1A1 tumors, albeit not statistically significant. Conclusions: In this cohort, nuclear positive expression of ALDH1A1 was higher in patients with obesity and smaller tumors. Patients with positive nuclear ALDH1A1 carcinomas appear to have better DFS and OS, although this was not statistically significant. Further research studies are needed to understand the functions of this enzyme and its possible role as a predictive and prognostic marker in BC.
Physicochemical Properties Importance For Type Classification of Wines Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mor Nuriel Shalom 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As a subfield of artificial intelligence, machine learning designed to learn the structure of the data. Machine learning has been widely used in many scientific problems. In this study, we used machine learning techniques to figure out the most important physicochemical properties for type classification of red wines. We used a wines' dataset with 13 physicochemical properties. We used a Random Forest classifier to predict wine’s type from its features, and permutation feature importance, in order to detect the most important properties of the wine for type classification. The properties: flavanoids, proline, and color intensity were found to be most important for type classification. Additional 4 classifiers: Laso classifier, Ridge classifier, Decision Tree classifier, and Support Vector classifier were used and examined for classification and feature importance. Flavanoids and proline were very important across all classifiers.
Impacts of an urban density gradient on land-atmosphere thermodynamic fluxes across seasonal timescales
Authors: Reed David Edwin , Lei Cheyenne , Baule William , Shirkey Gabriela , Chen Jiquan , Czajkowski Kevin P. , Ouyang Zutao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Surface energy partitioning directly connects to the urban heat island effect, which consequently changes regional climate, the health of the urban population, and anthropogenic energy use. In order to quantify land-atmosphere fluxes from urban areas and the impact of the level of intensity of development, we use seven site-years of land-atmosphere flux data from three locations averaged to seasonal timescales. Additionally, all three of our study sites include urban rivers, allowing us to examine urban areas with high and low amounts of potential evapotranspiration. As expected, the urban river decreases the Bowen Ratio of observed fluxes, primarily through lowering sensible heat fluxes. Urban density is positively correlated with sensible and latent heat fluxes when fluxes are coming from non-river areas and negatively correlated with heat fluxes when coming from the urban river. We conclude that effective urban redevelopment guidelines can adopt this knowledge to decrease the urban heat island effect and reach sustainability targets to counteract increased temperatures from climate change.
Early immune responses have long-term associations with clinical, virologic, and immunologic outcomes in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Hu Zicheng , Ploeg Kattria van der , Chakraborty Saborni , Arunachalam Prabhu , Mori Diego , Jacobson Karen , Bonilla Hector , Parsonnet Julie , Andrews Jason , Hedlin Haley , Parte Lauren de la , Dantzler Kathleen , Ty Maureen , Tan Gene , Blish Catherine , Takahashi Saki , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Greenhouse Bryan , Butte Atul , Singh Upinder , Pulendran Bali , Wang Taia , Jagannathan Prasanna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The great majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections are mild and uncomplicated, but some individuals with initially mild COVID-19 progressively develop more severe symptoms. Furthermore, there is substantial heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2-specific memory immune responses following infection. There remains a critical need to identify host immune biomarkers predictive of clinical and immunologic outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Leveraging longitudinal samples and data from a clinical trial in SARS-CoV-2 infected outpatients, we used host proteomics and transcriptomics to characterize the trajectory of the immune response in COVID-19 patients within the first 2 weeks of symptom onset. We identify early immune signatures, including plasma RIG-I levels, early interferon signaling, and related cytokines (CXCL10, MCP1, MCP-2 and MCP-3) associated with subsequent disease progression, control of viral shedding, and the SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell and antibody response measured up to 7 months after enrollment. We found that several biomarkers for immunological outcomes are shared between individuals receiving BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine and COVID-19 patients. Finally, we demonstrate that machine learning models using 7-10 plasma protein markers measured early within the course of infection are able to accurately predict disease progression, T cell memory, and the antibody response post-infection in a second, independent dataset.
The Impacts of Humans And Dogs On The Spatial And Temporal Activity of Wildlife In Urban Woodlands
Authors: Beasley Rachael Marie , Carbone Chris , Brooker Adrian , Waage Jeff 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Humans can derive enormous benefit from the natural environment and the wildlife they see there, but increasing human use may negatively impact wildlife, particularly in urban green spaces. Few studies have focused on the trade-offs between intensive human use and wildlife use of shared green spaces in urban areas. In this paper we investigate the impacts of humans and their dogs on wildlife within an urban green space using camera trap data from Hampstead Heath, London. Spatial and temporal activity of common woodland wildlife species were compared between sites with low and high frequency of visits by humans and dogs. Blackbirds (Turdus merula) were found to be significantly more active at sites with lower visitation rates, while red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were observed more in areas with higher visitation rates. Birds and grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) showed evidence of temporal displacement away from peak periods of human and dog visits in areas where visitation rates were high. Responses observed to human and dog visits could have implications for wildlife species persistence and community composition in urban woodlands.
Advanced machine learning algorithms for flood susceptibility modeling - comparison of their performance: Safaga-Ras Gharib area, Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: Youssef Ahmed M. , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , El-Haddad Bosy A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Floods are among the most devastating environmental hazards that directly and indirectly affect people's lives and activities. In many countries, sustainable environmental management requires identifying inundated-prone areas to avoid potential hazards. In this study, the performance and capabilities of seven machine learning algorithms (MLAs) were tested, evaluated, and compared for flood susceptibility mapping. These MLAs include support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), boosted regression tree (BRT), functional data analysis (FDA), general linear model (GLM), and multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA). In this study, machine learning algorithms (using R open source software) and spatial datasets (extracted using GIS) for flood susceptibility modeling were conducted between the cities of Safaga and Ras Gharib, Red Sea, Egypt. Initially, 420 actual inundated areas were collected from the study area to create a flood inventory map. Different sources were utilized, including remote sensing data (high and medium resolution), geologic and topographic maps, previous documents, and field investigations. The inventory data were divided randomly into two training groups: 70% and validation group: 30%. Ten flood-related factors were generated for flood susceptibility modeling: altitude, slope aspect, lithology, land use/land cover (LULC), slope length (LS), topographic wetness index (TWI), slope angle, profile curvature, plan curvature, stream power index (SPI), and hydrolithology units. Flood-related factors were tested using a multicollinearity test, variance inflation factors (VIF), and tolerance (TOL), and their importance was evaluated using a partial least squares (PLS) technique. In addition, model performances and comparisons were calculated using the area under the curve (AUC-ROC) approach. Our findings showed that the AUC values for these seven MLTs were divided into two groups: high fitness models (AUC > 80%), including RF, MARS, and GLM, and moderate performance models (AUC between 70% and 80%), including BRT, FDA, and SVM. The results of this study and the flood susceptibility maps could be useful for mitigating environmental problems, future development activities in the area, and flood control areas.