bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-encoder attention-based architectures for sound recognition with partial visual assistance
Authors: Boes Wim , Van hamme Hugo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLarge-scale sound recognition data sets typically consist of acoustic recordings obtained from multimedia libraries. As a consequence, modalities other than audio can often be exploited to improve the outputs of models designed for associated tasks. Frequently, however, not all contents are available for all samples of such a collection: For example, the original material may have been removed from the source platform at some point, and therefore, non-auditory features can no longer be acquired. We demonstrate that a multi-encoder framework can be employed to deal with this issue by applying this method to attention-based deep learning systems, which are currently part of the state of the art in the domain of sound recognition. More specifically, we show that the proposed model extension can successfully be utilized to incorporate partially available visual information into the operational procedures of such networks, which normally only use auditory features during training and inference. Experimentally, we verify that the considered approach leads to improved predictions in a number of evaluation scenarios pertaining to audio tagging and sound event detection. Additionally, we scrutinize some properties and limitations of the presented technique.
On the noncooperative Schrödinger–Kirchhoff system involving the critical nonlinearities on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Sun Xueqi , Bai Shujie , Song Yueqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with the existence of solutions for the noncooperative Schrödinger–Kirchhoff system involving the p-Laplacian operator and critical nonlinearities on the Heisenberg group. Under some suitable conditions, together with the limit index theory and the concentration–compactness principle, we obtain the existence and multiplicity of solutions for this system. To our best knowledge, the existence results for the noncooperative system with p-Laplacian and critical nonlinearities are new on the Heisenberg group.
Discharge locations after hospitalizations involving opioid use disorder among medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Moyo Patience , Eliot Melissa , Shah Asghar , Goodyear Kimberly , Jutkowitz Eric , Thomas Kali , Zullo Andrew R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHospitalizations involving opioid use disorder (OUD) have been increasing among Medicare beneficiaries of all ages. With rising OUD-related acute care use comes the need to understand where post-acute care is provided and the capacities for OUD treatment in those settings. Our objective was to describe hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries with OUD, their post-acute care locations, and all-cause mortality and readmissions stratified by post-acute care location.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of acute hospitalizations using 2016–2018 Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) files linked to Medicare enrollment data and the Residential History File (RHF) for 100% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. The RHF which provides a person-level chronological history of health service utilization and locations of care was used to identify hospital discharge locations. We used ICD-10 codes for opioid dependence or “abuse” to identify OUD diagnoses from the MedPAR file. We conducted logistic regression to identify factors associated with discharge to an institutional setting versus home adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and hospital stay characteristics.ResultsOur analysis included 459,763 hospitalized patients with OUD. Of these, patients aged < 65 years and those dually enrolled in Medicaid comprised the majority (59.1%). OUD and opioid overdose were primary diagnoses in 14.3% and 6.2% of analyzed hospitalizations, respectively. We found that 70.3% of hospitalized patients with OUD were discharged home, 15.8% to a skilled nursing facility (SNF), 9.6% to a non-SNF institutional facility, 2.5% home with home health services, and 1.8% died in-hospital. Within 30 days of hospital discharge, rates of readmissions and mortality were 29.7% and 3.9%; respectively, with wide variation across post-acute locations. Factors associated with greater odds of discharge to institutional settings were older age, female sex, non-Hispanic White race and ethnicity, dual enrollment, longer hospital stay, more comorbidities, intensive care use, surgery, and primary diagnoses including opioid or other drug overdoses, fractures, and septicemia.ConclusionsMore than one-quarter (25.8%) of hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries with OUD received post-acute care in a setting other than home. High rates and wide variation in all-cause readmissions and mortality within 30 days post-discharge emphasize the need for improved post-acute care for people with OUD.
The development of a glaucoma-specific health-related quality of life item bank supporting a novel computerized adaptive testing system in Asia
Authors: Fenwick Eva K. , Lim Belicia , Man Ryan E. K. , Baskaran Mani , Nongpiur Monisha E. , Sng Chelvin C. A. , Iyer Jayant V. , Husain Rahat , Perera Shamira A. , Wong Tina T. , Low Jin Rong , Shimin Olivia Huang , Lun Katherine , Aung Tin , Lamoureux Ecosse L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
A glaucoma-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) item bank (IB) and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) system relevant to Asian populations is not currently available. We aimed to develop content for an IB focusing on HRQoL domains important to Asian people with glaucoma; and to compare the content coverage of our new instrument with established glaucoma-specific instruments.

Methods
In this qualitative study of glaucoma patients recruited from the Singapore National Eye Centre (November 2018-November 2019), items/domains were generated from: (1) glaucoma-specific questionnaires; (2) published articles; (3) focus groups/semi-structured interviews with glaucoma patients (n = 27); and (4) feedback from glaucoma experts. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Items were systematically refined to a concise set, and pre-tested using cognitive interviews with 27 additional glaucoma patients.

Results
Of the 54 patients (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age 66.9 ± 9.8; 53.7% male), 67 (62.0%), 30 (27.8%), and 11 (10.2%) eyes had primary open angle glaucoma, angle closure glaucoma, and no glaucoma respectively. Eighteen (33.3%), 11 (20.4%), 8 (14.8%), 12 (22.2%), and 5 (9.3%) patients had no, mild, moderate, severe, or advanced/end-stage glaucoma (better eye), respectively. Initially, 311 items within nine HRQoL domains were identified: Visual Symptoms, Ocular Comfort Symptoms, Activity Limitation, Driving, Lighting, Mobility, Psychosocial, Glaucoma management, and Work; however, Driving and Visual Symptoms were subsequently removed during the refinement process. During cognitive interviews, 12, 23 and 10 items were added, dropped and modified, respectively.

Conclusion
Following a rigorous process, we developed a 221-item, 7-domain Asian glaucoma-specific IB. Once operationalised using CAT, this new instrument will enable precise, rapid, and comprehensive assessment of the HRQoL impact of glaucoma and associated treatment efficacy.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology versus core needle lymph node biopsy in axillary staging of breast cancer
Authors: Mahmoud Omar M. , Khedrawy Mai El-MoatazBellah , Megally Hasan Ibrahim , Mohamed Mahmoud Farouk , Allam Momtaz Thabet 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Axillary lymph node status is an extremely important prognostic factor in evaluating and managing recently diagnosed breast cancer patients. So, preoperative evaluation of the lymph nodes in breast cancer patients with minimally invasive methods is of significant concern. Ultrasonography is the main modality used for this purpose, with advantages including the ability to help to guide the biopsy. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in their ability to detect metastatic disease in the axillary lymph nodes, as well as to estimate the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound-guided axillary lymph node biopsy for staging in patients with breast cancer.

Results
In total, 108 cases were included in the study, and 55.6% (60 cases) had metastases. The sensitivity for FNAC was 83.3%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity for CNB was 100% and the specificity was 100%. The negative predictive value for FNAC was 81.5%, and that for CNB was 100%. The positive predictive value was 100% for both methods.

Conclusions
CNB biopsy shows higher sensitivity and accuracy than FNAC in the characterization of benign and malignant lymph nodes. FNAC is a suitable substitute when a smaller node is encountered, a node in an inaccessible site, or even an uncorrectable bleeding diathesis of the patient.
Are CD45RO+ and CD45RA- genuine markers for bovine memory T cells?
Authors: Anmol Kandel , Akanksha Hada , Zhengguo Xiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEffective vaccination induces memory T cells, which protect the host against pathogen re-infections. Therefore, detection of memory T cells is essential for evaluating vaccine efficacy, which was originally dependent on cytokine induction assays. Currently, two isoforms of CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, CD45RO expression and CD45RA exclusion (CD45RO+/ CD45RA-) are used extensively for detecting memory T cells in cattle. The CD45RO+/CD45RA-markers were first established in humans around three decades ago, and were adopted in cattle soon after. However, in the last two decades, some published data in humans have challenged the initial paradigm, and required multiple markers for identifying memory T cells. On the contrary, memory T cell detection in cattle still mostly relies on CD45RO+/CD45RA-despite some controversial evidence. In this review, we summarized the current literature to examine if CD45RO+/CD45RA-are valid markers for detecting memory T cells in cattle. It seems CD45RA and CD45RO (CD45RA/RO) as markers for identifying bovine memory T cells are questionable.
Phenotypic Differences Among Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Due to LMNA or PPARG Variants
Authors: Vasandani Chandna , Li Xilong , Sekizkardes Hilal , Brown Rebecca J , Garg Abhimanyu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Despite several reports of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) type 2 (FPLD2) due to heterozygous LMNA variants and FPLD3 due to PPARG variants, the phenotypic differences among them remain unclear.

Objective
To compare the body fat distribution, metabolic parameters, and prevalence of metabolic complications between FPLD3 and FPLD2.

Methods
A retrospective, cross-sectional comparison of patients from 2 tertiary referral centers—UT Southwestern Medical Center and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. A total of 196 females and 59 males with FPLD2 (age 2-86 years) and 28 females and 4 males with FPLD3 (age 9-72 years) were included. The main outcome measures were skinfold thickness, regional body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), metabolic variables, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia.

Results
Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 had significantly increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (66% vs 84%) and diabetes (44% vs 72%); and had higher median fasting serum triglycerides (208 vs 255 mg/dL), and mean hemoglobin A1c (6.4% vs 7.5%). Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 also had significantly higher mean upper limb fat (21% vs 27%) and lower limb fat (16% vs 21%) on DXA and increased median skinfold thickness at the anterior thigh (5.8 vs 11.3 mm), calf (4 vs 6 mm), triceps (5.5 vs 7.5 mm), and biceps (4.3 vs 6.8 mm).

Conclusion
Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 have milder lipodystrophy but develop more severe metabolic complications, suggesting that the remaining adipose tissue in subjects with FPLD3 may be dysfunctional or those with mild metabolic disease are underrecognized.
Whose Resistance Theory?
Authors: Rosensweig Anna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This essay examines how members of the political Right in the United States—including insurrectionists, antiabortion extremists, and adherents of the QAnon conspiracy—have mobilized theories of resistance from early modern Europe to justify their opposition to state and federal law. Rather than simply dismiss these right-wing appeals to resistance theory as unscholarly and anachronistic, the essay argues that we must take them seriously as an uncomfortable part of this theory’s legacy.
Human Monkeypox: Old virus with new Epidemiological and Transmission Trends
Authors: Meo Sultan Ayoub 
Published: October 2022

Human monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by a monkeypox virus. The monkeypox virus history originated in 1958 after the occurrence of a pox-like illness in monkeys. In September 1970, the first case of human monkeypox was identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa. This year, from January 01, to September 30, 2022, the virus swiftly spread from endemic to non-endemic counties, involving 106 states, infecting 68,017 people; 689 cases from 07 endemic African countries and 67,328 cases in 99 non-endemic countries in Europe, America, Asia and Oceania continents. The disease caused 27 deaths in 13 countries worldwide. The human monkeypox disease significantly affects the population in South, North and Central America 34767 (51.11%), Europe 32047 (47.11%), Africa 707 (1.03%), Asia 351 (0.51%), and Oceania continent 145 (0.21%). The occurrence of the disease is high in males with age ranges of 21-55 years. The common clinical features in monkeypox patients are skin rashes (95%), fever (72%), malaise (69%), chills (67%), pruritis (64%), headache (64%), enlarged lymph nodes (63%) myalgia (60%) and nausea and vomiting (20%). The transmission trends of the disease are rapidly changing; the virus is not limited to close contact with humans. It can spread through body fluids, respiratory droplets, and sexual contact. The disease can transmit during travelling, contact with soiled materials, infected cloths, bed linen, objects, air pollutants, and in various workplace environments. The monkeypox virus has adopted multiple transmission routes, and swiftly spreading and developing challenging and threatening situations worldwide.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6978
How to cite this:Meo SA. Human Monkeypox: Old virus with new Epidemiological and Transmission Trends. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6978
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Concealed retropharyngeal haematoma: A rare but life threating complication following a low risk fall
Authors: Rafique Nosheela , Khan Ehtesham , Connolly Paula , Lal Shankar 
Published: October 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.7147
How to cite this: Rafique N, Khan E, Connolly P, Lal S. Concealed retropharyngeal haematoma: A rare but life threating complication following a low risk fall. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.7147
Personal exposures to fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide in relation to cooking activities in rural Malawi
Authors: Saleh Sepeedeh , Sambakunsi Henry , Makina Debora , Chinouya Martha , Kumwenda Moses , Chirombo James , Semple Sean , Mortimer Kevin , Rylance Jamie 
Published: October 2022

Background: Air pollution is a major environmental risk factor for cardiorespiratory disease. Exposures to household air pollution from cooking and other activities, are particularly high in Southern Africa. Following an extended period of participant observation in a village in Malawi, we aimed to assess individuals’ exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) and to investigate the different sources of exposure, including different cooking methods. Methods: Adult residents of a village in Malawi wore personal PM2.5 and CO monitors for 24-48 hours, sampling every 1 (CO) or 2 minutes (PM2.5). Subsequent in-person interviews recorded potential exposure details over the time periods. We present means and interquartile ranges for overall exposures and summaries stratified by time and activity (exposure). We employed multivariate regression to further explore these characteristics, and Spearman rank correlation to examine the relationship between paired PM2.5 and CO exposures. Results: Twenty participants (17 female; median age 40 years, IQR: 37–56) provided 831 hours of paired PM2.5 and CO data. Concentrations of PM2.5 during combustion activity, usually cooking, far exceeded background levels (no combustion activity): 97.9μg/m3 (IQR: 22.9–482.0), vs 7.6μg/m3, IQR: 2.5–20.6 respectively. Background PM2.5 concentrations were higher during daytime hours (11.7μg/m3 [IQR: 5.2–30.0] vs 3.3μg/m3 at night [IQR: 0.7–8.2]). Highest exposures were influenced by cooking location but associated with charcoal use (for CO) and firewood on a three-stone fire (for PM2.5). Cooking-related exposures were higher in more ventilated places, such as outside the household or on a walled veranda, than during indoor cooking. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the value of combining personal PM2.5 exposure data with detailed contextual information for providing deeper insights into pollution sources and influences. The finding of similar/lower exposures during cooking in seemingly less-ventilated places should prompt a re-evaluation of proposed clean air interventions in these settings.
Demonstration of real-time motion control on a 10G-EPON edge computing platform with SDN enabled broadband access
Authors: Koyasako Yushi , Suzuki Takahiro , Hatano Tomoya , Shimada Tatsuya , Yoshida Tomoaki 
Published: October 2022

Edge computing is more useful for real-time remote motion control of Internet of Things devices than cloud computing because of its superior low latency performance. The access system is attracting attention as a place to perform edge computing. By using the network devices of the access system as an edge computing resource, it becomes possible to realize more precise control. This paper is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate real-time motion control by implementing edge computing on a 10-gigabit Ethernet passive optical network based on software-defined network enabled broadband access (SEBA), which is a virtualization platform for access systems. The proposed method analyzes the effectiveness of motion control and sets the optimal network settings automatically by using SEBA to take full advantage of edge computing benefits. The proposed method can provide an optimal network for motion control without making the user aware of the network settings. We construct a general motor-based experimental system and verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The experiment shows that it properly reflects the optimum network settings to SEBA. Also, we verify that the proposed method changed the network settings to satisfy the reference settling time of 3 s. The optimal dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) cycle for motion control is determined after five trials, and the settling time was reduced by 53% compared with the case where the DBA cycle was set to 20 ms and no optimization was performed.
Low-dye taping may enhance physical performance and muscle activation in basketball players with overpronated feet
Authors: Ho Indy M. K. , Weldon Anthony , Yeung Natalia C. Y. , Luk Jim T. C. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Low-dye taping (LTD) is widely used by athletes and medical practitioners but the research regarding its impacts on athletic performance is lacking. This study investigated the effects of using low-dye taping on plyometric performance and muscle activities in recreational basketball players with overpronated feet.

Methods
Twelve collegiate males with at least three years basketball training experience and navicular drop (ND) value ≥10 mm performed the navicular drop, drop jump and countermovement jump tests. Surface electromyography of selected lower limb muscles were observed during bilateral free squat. All tests in non-taped (NT) and taped (TAP) conditions were counterbalanced using repeated crossover study design. Paired t-test with an alpha level of 0.05 and non-clinical magnitude-based decision (MBD) with standardized effects were used to analyze data.

Results
Contact time and reactive strength index (RSI) in the TAP condition were significantly shorter (p = 0.041) and higher (p<0.01) than the NT condition respectively. No significant difference in CMJ performance between NT and TAP was observed. MBD demonstrated clear effects on both ND (standardized effect: -1.54±0.24), flight time (standardized effect: 0.24±0.30), contact time (standardized effect: -0.27±0.21), RSI (standardized effect: 0.69±0.35) and eccentric activities of inferior gluteus maximus (standardized effect: 0.23±0.35), gluteus medius (standardized effect: 0.26±0.29) and tibialis anterior (standardized effect: 0.22±0.06).

Conclusions
LDT is effective in correcting overpronated feet by increasing ND height. Meanwhile, it provides a small increase in RSI and gluteal muscle activity during the eccentric (down) phase of the bilateral squat, and without affecting CMJ performance. Conditioning coaches or therapists may use LDT to enhance gluteal activation for reducing injury occurrence and reactive strength performance in drop jump tasks.