bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compassion, Bureaucrat Bashing, and Public Administration
Authors: Szydlowski Gabriela , de Boer Noortje , Tummers Lars 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHow citizens behave toward public sector workers is crucial for the well‐being and performance of workers. Scholars have mainly focused on understanding negative citizen behaviors, such as aggression. We study a positive behavior, namely compassionate behavior. We study real compassionate behavior in the form of writing positive encouragement messages that are distributed to social workers in the field. We test if showing difficulties faced by public sector workers results in citizens writing more encouragement messages. We also test if bureaucrat bashing results in less encouragement messages. Using a preregistered experiment among a representative sample of Canadian citizens (n = 1,264), we find that showing public sector workers' struggles and imperfections makes citizens almost twice as likely to write an encouragement message. Hence, showing your weakness can be a strength. Bureaucrat bashing, however, has no effect. Results show that citizens can be stimulated to act more positively toward public sector workers.
Diagenetic and epigenetic origins for Cu‐Ag mineralization in the Khoemacau Zone 5 deposit, Kalahari Copperbelt, northwestern Botswana
Authors: Keeditse Mpho , Watanabe Yasushi , Arribas Antonio , Echigo Takuya , Knight Catherine , Disang Oarabile , Buamono Hannah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the Kalahari Copperbelt, the mechanism of regional scale Cu‐Ag mineralization has remained intensely debated between early diagenesis and a single pass during a regional deformation event. At the Zone 5 Cu‐Ag deposit in northwestern Botswana, the orebody is hosted preferentially by chemically reduced metasedimentary rocks that overly oxidized, hematite‐bearing arkosic sandstone. An early diagenetic mineralizing event has been identified which is characterized by fine‐grained stratiform pyrite, including recrystallized framboidal pyrite, intergrown with diagenetic mineral assemblages in the host‐rock. Diagenetic pyrite is in textural equilibrium with chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and (Fe‐Co‐Ni) sulfarsenide. These minerals were subsequently overprinted by a more intense, multi‐stage, structurally‐controlled hydrothermal Cu‐Ag mineralization event related to the Damaran orogeny (~600–480 Ma). The hydrothermal Cu‐Ag mineralization was deposited from hot (~236–265°C), high salinity (19–24.6 wt% NaCl equiv.) hydrothermal ore fluids. Petrographic results reveal an apparent overlap in trace metal associations (Cu, Fe, As, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co) between the two mineralizing events, which can be explained by remobilization of precursor sulfides. The major Ag‐carriers in the ore are chalcocite, covellite, and bornite. The δ34S values of diagenetic pyrite range from −35.8 to +11.4‰, whereas those of hydrothermal epigenetic sulfides, including pyrite, range from −28.0 to +3.0‰. We propose that the hydrothermal sulfides had acquired some bacterially‐reduced sulfur from earlier‐formed minerals. The δ18O and δ13C values of quartz and calcite associated with the hydrothermal mineralization are typical of Neoproterozoic sediment‐hosted Cu‐Ag deposits. However, the δ18O isotopic values of the calcite gangue are anomalously depleted, which is likely due to recrystallization under metamorphic conditions. Our studies at Zone 5 indicate that the Zone 5 Cu‐Ag deposit is the result of a multi‐stage mineralization history that includes both diagenetic and epigenetic events (punctuated by >400 m.y.) facilitated by a strong litho‐structural control.
How does education affect intergenerational income mobility in Chinese society?
Authors: Wang Shu , Yu Xiao , Zhang Kuo , Pei Jipeng , Rokpelnis Karlis , Wang Xuelong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEducation has been proved to be one of the most important variables influencing intergenerational income mobility. Existing literature decomposes the indirect effect of education on intergenerational income mobility into two components: the effect of the correlation between a parents’ income and their children’s education, and the effect of the return to education. Basing on the framework of existed studies, this paper explores a beneficial application to measure the two components, and checks which effect is more important in explaining the inter‐generational income mobility in Chinese society. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), the research analyzes how education affects inter‐generational income mobility, and estimates the respective contributions of the two effects of education. The empirical results show that the effect of education is of importance in explaining the increase in the intergenerational income correlation for 1960s, 1970s and 1980s of Chinese age groups. Meanwhile, after decomposing the effect of education, we find that the return on education has stronger explanatory power on intergenerational income mobility than the correlation between a father’s income and his child’s education. Therefore, the return to education should be the center of policy design for the Chinese government.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of a community‐based suicide prevention program: A Hong Kong experience
Authors: Yeung Cheuk Yui , Morgan Peter R. , Lai Carmen Chui Shan , Wong Paul Wai Ching , Yip Paul Siu Fai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA multidisciplinary, multilayer, community‐based suicide prevention program (2008–2012) was implemented in the Eastern District, Hong Kong. This article documents the program and reports on short‐ and longer‐term program evaluation.MethodsCharacteristics and rates of self‐harm/suicidal behaviors and suicide deaths by age group and gender in the Eastern District before, during, and after the intervention were calculated and compared with the rest of Hong Kong, using Kruskal–Wallis and chi‐squared tests, and Jonckheere–Terpstra and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests for trend analyses.ResultsThe program impacts varied by age and gender subgroups. Suicide rates in the Eastern District were lower compared to the rest of Hong Kong during the intervention period. They slowly rebounded after the intervention ceased; nevertheless, they remained lower than the rest of Hong Kong until 2016. The rates of self‐harm continuously dropped and remained lower than the rest of Hong Kong. During the intervention period in the Eastern District, the age of people who died by suicide increased; more deaths occurred from jumping and fewer by charcoal burning.ConclusionsThe program coincided with the lowered self‐harm and suicide rates after the implementation. Some of the strategies need to be rebooted or routinely and continuously implemented to ensure the sustainability.
How dislike and bullying co‐develop: A longitudinal study of negative relationships among children
Authors: Kisfalusi Dorottya , Hooijsma Marianne , Huitsing Gijs , Veenstra René 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the network mechanisms underlying the co‐development of two types of negative relationships: dislike relationships, and victim‐bully relationships among children. Longitudinal data on school‐level networks of 15 Dutch primary schools (N = 2175; Mage(T1) = 10; 51% male) were analyzed with stochastic actor‐oriented models. Evidence was found for mutual reinforcement between dislike and bullying/victimization. Disliked children were more likely to bully those or be victimized by those who previously disliked them. Over and above these effects at the relationship level, children who were previously disliked by more schoolmates were more likely to bully or to be victimized by other schoolmates. Victims were more likely to be disliked over time by those who bullied them, but not by other schoolmates, whereas bullies were more likely to be disliked over time by not only those they bully but also other schoolmates. Contrary to expectations, no support was found for hypotheses that sex‐based in‐group favoritism affects children's dislike for bullies or their tendency to bully disliked others. The findings show how children's negative feelings and bullying behavior toward schoolmates mutually influence and reinforce each other over time.
The feeling thinking talking intervention with teachers advances young children's emotion knowledge
Authors: Voltmer Katharina , von Salisch Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBecause emotion knowledge and language skills each contribute to children's success in school and life, the Feeling Thinking Talking (FTT) intervention combines the advancement of language skills and of emotion knowledge in teachers’ child‐directed conversations. Teachers from centers of early childhood education in Germany were taught language support strategies (LSS) and how to apply them during emotion talk while reading picture books, while reminiscing about emotional events, and in everyday conversations with the children in their care. The evaluation of the FTT intervention entailed a comparison between the FTT group (N = 43) and a business‐as‐usual (BAU) control group (N = 67) with N = 110 children (Mage = 49.41 months, range = 33–66 months at T1) who were individually tested using objective tests on receptive vocabulary and emotion knowledge before (T1) and after the FTT intervention (T2), and in a follow‐up 3–6 months later (T3). After a multiple imputation procedure, mixed multilevel models indicated that the children taught by the FTT group teachers made faster progress in their emotion knowledge than their agemates in the BAU condition, especially in their knowledge of mixed emotions, when numerous covariates were controlled. Results suggest that young children's emotion knowledge can be promoted alongside with language skills by a teacher‐led intervention supporting child‐directed emotion talk in early childhood education. Discussion focuses on emotion talk as the mechanism for the transmission of emotion knowledge.
Scope freezing and object shift in Ukrainian: Does Superiority matter?
Authors: Antonyuk Svitlana , Mykhaylyk Roksolana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis remark presents novel evidence on Ukrainian specificity‐inducing object shift in its interaction with quantifier scope, evidence suggesting a generalization that whatever scope interpretations are established in the postverbal field will carry over into the preverbal field. We point out that the data present a serious challenge to the Superiority account of scope freezing, since that account predicts that object shift of a QP will always freeze scope with respect to another object QP, contrary to fact. Furthermore, while Ukrainian object shift does not obey Holmberg’s Generalization, we argue that it is nevertheless fully comparable to Scandinavian object shift. We propose to account for the data with a modified version ofcyclic linearization. Cyclic linearization accounts for the crosslinguistic differences with respect to object shift and also derives the peculiar object shift–QP scope interaction patterns we observe, which remain obscure on the Superiority account of scope freezing.
Perceptions of transition into clinical placement
Authors: Scott Nicola Lawson , Mahran Samer , Patel Rakesh , Culshaw Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionA major transition for medical students is the change from the pre‐clinical to clinical years of their curriculum. Interventions to help students manage this transition effectively, such as preparatory skills courses and peer mentoring, are used in many medical schools, yet students remain apprehensive about this period. This study aims to investigate student feelings and perceptions around the transition from the pre‐clinical to clinical part of the curriculum to inform interventions for helping them better manage the experience.MethodA cross‐sectional study of all students starting their first clinical placement was undertaken. Questionnaires were administered online. Ordinal data were collected via Likert‐scale responses. Free text responses were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsLikert‐scale responses showed that most students (69%) agreed or strongly agreed that they looked forward to the range of wards they would spend time on. Respectively, 41% and 43% of students agreed they would be supported in taking histories or carrying out clinical. The majority of students disagreed (28%) or were not sure (27%) that they would have a clear role on the ward. Free text responses identified that students looked forward to patient contact and new ways of learning but were apprehensive about making mistakes, poor staff attitude, personal wellbeing and a lack of purpose in the clinical environment.ConclusionsThe transition into the clinical phase is complex, and students have a wide variety of concerns beyond skills or knowledge deficits. To address these worries, interventions for both improving psychological wellbeing and academic achievement should be developed.
Gradient expectations: Revisiting Charles Manning Child's theory of metabolic regionalisation in developmental patterning and regeneration
Authors: Patel Jeet H. , Wills Andrea E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCharles Manning Child introduced one of several early models to explain how an organism can both establish and re‐establish positional identity during embryogenesis and regeneration. In his gradient theory model, tissues along an axis exhibit graded levels of metabolic activity demonstrated through their differential susceptibility to metabolic inhibitors. While Child's work was difficult to place in a mechanistic framework in his own time, technological advances and recent discoveries in both embryos and regenerating organisms make his early work on redox signalling as a positional cue newly pertinent.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE PRODUCERS WITH POTENTIAL FOR MEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Nagmetova G.Zh. , Kurmanbayev A.A. 
Published: February 2022

Recent achievements in investigations of microbial polysaccharides have highlighted their importance in the development of new classes of biomaterials. Some polysaccharides of microbial origin are already widely used in various medical applications, including hyaluronic acid, dextran, alginate, and scleroglucan. Substantial attention has more recently focused on bacterial cellulose as a promising and effective biopolymer.
In this study, based on knowledge of the ecological niches of acetic acid bacteria, we isolated cellulose-producing bacteria using the fruits of grapes of different varieties and Kombucha. The most effective biocellulose producers were screened, and their biochemical properties were determined. A total of 17 acetic acid bacteria isolates were obtained, and three strains capable of producing a cellulose biofilm were selected, which were identified according to the direct nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene fragment and biochemical properties.
MOLECULAR-GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSAL AGENTS OF FUNGAL DISEASES ON POTATO AND TOMATO COLLECTED UNDER PRODUCTION STORAGE
Authors: Zhanybekova Zh.T. , Imanbekova M. , Aitkulova A.M. , Zholdybayeva E.V. , Rakhimbayeva D.D. , Kakimzhanova A.A. 
Published: February 2022

The expansion of exports and imports of potato and tomato crops between countries contributes to the rapid spread of the most harmful species and strains of phytopathogenic fungi around the world. Due to it, the identification of phytopathogenic fungi is important for agriculture. Currently, molecular-genetic methods are considered as one of the modern and promising methods for the diagnosis and identification of plant diseases, which allow identifying microorganisms without any knowledge of its biological features. One of the recommended methods for identification and classification of taxa is the determination of the nucleotide sequence of nuclear ribosomal gene regions.
276 infected potato tubers and tomato fruits were used to identify phytopathogenic fungi isolates, which were collected from production storages. Molecular-genetic identification of microorganisms based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region made it possible to taxonomically identify 102 isolates of phytopathogenic fungi that belong to 7 genera. It was revealed that the proportion of fungi, which belohg to the genera Fusarium (60%), Penicillium (15%) and Clonostachys (12%), Alternaria (9%) were dominated in the generic structure.
The isolation frequency (Fr) and relative density (RD) of 7 generaphytopathogenic fungi were calculated according to the results of molecular-genetic identification.Isolation frequency (Fr)of fungi genera ranged from 0.3% to 22.1%. Relative density of fungi species ranged varied 0.9% to 59.8%.
Thereby, molecular-genetic identification based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the ITS region made it possible to perform identification of pathogens on potato and tomato under production storage.Also, fungi Clonostachys and Acrostalagmus genera were isolated, which are not pathogens of potato and tomato diseases.
CAD-Based Simulation Model for the Calculation of Chip Geometry and Cutting Force Components in Gear Shaping
Authors: Marinakis Angelos , Dandouti Emmanouela , Antoniadis Aristomenis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Involute gears are a vital component used in industry due to their ability to provide flexible and accurate rotary motion. Gear shaping is one of the most prominent gear cutting processes as it can be used to effectively manufacture spur and helical external as well as internal gears. Thus, the accurate prediction of the cutting forces developed during the cutting process is of great importance because it can greatly affect the wear and the cutting tool’s life. In this work, a simulation model was developed based on a commercial CAD software, able to simulate the kinematics involved in the process and provide accurate results regarding the undeformed chip geometry as well as the cutting forces. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, the produced gear flanks are compared with the theoretical ones and the calculated cutting forces are compared with the respective measured forces obtained from the literature.
ActivationNet: Representation Learning to Predict Contact Quality of Interacting 3D Surfaces in Engineering Designs
Authors: Ranade Rishikesh , Pathak Jay 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Engineering simulations for analysis of structural and fluid systems require information of contacts between various 3D surfaces of the geometry to accurately model the physics between them. In machine learning applications, 3D surfaces are most suitably represented with point clouds or meshes and learning representations of interacting geometries form point-based representations is challenging. The objective of this study is to introduce a machine learning algorithm, ActivationNet, that can learn from point clouds or meshes of interacting 3D surfaces and predict the quality of contact between these surfaces. The ActivationNet generates activation states from point-based representation of surfaces using a multidimensional binning approach. The activation states are further used to contact quality between surfaces using deep neural networks. The performance of our model is demonstrated using several experiments, and we show that the contact quality predictions of ActivationNet agree well with the expectations.
A Multi-Objective Mechanism Optimization for Controlling an Aircraft Using a Bio-Inspired Rotating Empennage
Authors: Myszka David H. , Joo James J. , Murray Andrew P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a mechanism design optimization for actuating the horizontal stabilizers of an aircraft using a rotating empennage without a vertical stabilizer. Birds do not have vertical stabilizers and rotate their tail feathers to control agile maneuvers. A rotating empennage concept will mimic this motion and enable the bio-inspired flight of a fixed wing aircraft. To maintain control, the bio-inspired rotating empennage will incorporate three degrees of freedom: independent rotation of each horizontal stabilizer and rotation of the empennage relative to the main axis of the fuselage. The primary benefits of an aircraft without a vertical stabilizer are reduced drag and weight which, in turn, results in a more efficient operation. In order to reduce inertia of the rotating empennage, the linear actuators that position the horizontal stabilizers will be placed within the fuselage. Mechanisms that couple the linear translation of the actuators with the rotation of the horizontal stabilizers ideally require a low peak force and short stroke from the actuator. With two conflicting objectives, a Pareto front optimization was conducted to determine appropriate link lengths of candidate solutions and to understand the effectiveness of alternate mechanisms. The study considers rack & pinon, scotch-yoke, slider-crank, inverted slider-crank, Watt II, and Stephenson III mechanisms.
Actuation-Coordinated Mobile Parallel Robots With Hybrid Mobile and Manipulation Functions
Authors: Gan Dongming , Fu Jiaming , Lin Han , Yang Haoguang , Rastgaar Mo , Min Byung-Cheol , Voyles Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMobile robots with manipulation capability are a key technology that enables flexible robotic interactions, large area covering and remote exploration. This paper presents a novel class of actuation-coordinated mobile parallel robots (ACMPRs) that utilize parallel mechanism configurations and perform hybrid moving and manipulation functions through coordinated wheel actuators. The ACMPRs differ with existing mobile manipulators by their unique combination of the mobile wheel actuators and the parallel mechanism topology through prismatic joint connections. Common motion of the wheels will provide mobile function while their relative motion will actuate the parallel manipulation function. This new concept reduces actuation requirement and increases manipulation accuracy and mobile motion stability through coordinated and connected wheel actuators comparing with existing mobile parallel manipulators. The relative wheel location on the base frame also enables a reconfigurable base size with variable moving stability on the ground. The basic concept and general type synthesis are introduced and followed by kinematics and inverse dynamics analysis of a selected three limb ACMPR. A numerical simulation also illustrates the dynamics model and the motion property of the new mobile parallel robot (MPR) followed by a prototype-based experimental validation. The work provides a basis for introducing this new class of robots for potential applications in surveillance, industrial automation, construction, transportation, human assistance, medical applications, and other operations in extreme environment such as nuclear plants, Mars, etc.