bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elacestrant (oral selective estrogen receptor degrader) Versus Standard Endocrine Therapy for Estrogen Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From the Randomized Phase III EMERALD Trial
Authors: Bidard Francois-Clement , Kaklamani Virginia G. , Neven Patrick , Streich Guillermo , Montero Alberto J. , Forget Frédéric , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Sohn Joo Hyuk , Taylor Donatienne , Harnden Kathleen K. , Khong Hung , Kocsis Judit , Dalenc Florence , Dillon Patrick M. , Babu Sunil , Waters Simon , Deleu Ines , García Sáenz José A. , Bria Emilio , Cazzaniga Marina , Lu Janice , Aftimos Philippe , Cortés Javier , Liu Shubin , Tonini Giulia , Laurent Dirk , Habboubi Nassir , Conlan Maureen G. , Bardia Aditya 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Patients with pretreated estrogen receptor (ER)–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative advanced breast cancer have poor prognosis. Elacestrant is a novel, oral selective ER degrader that demonstrated activity in early studies. METHODS This randomized, open-label, phase III trial enrolled patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had one-two lines of endocrine therapy, required pretreatment with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, and ≤ 1 chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to elacestrant 400 mg orally once daily or standard-of-care (SOC) endocrine monotherapy. Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review in all patients and patients with detectable ESR1 mutations. RESULTS Patients were randomly assigned to elacestrant (n = 239) or SOC (n = 238). ESR1 mutation was detected in 47.8% of patients, and 43.4% received two prior endocrine therapies. PFS was prolonged in all patients (hazard ratio = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.88; P = .002) and patients with ESR1 mutation (hazard ratio = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.77; P = .0005). Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 7.2% receiving elacestrant and 3.1% receiving SOC. Treatment-related adverse events leading to treatment discontinuations were 3.4% in the elacestrant arm versus 0.9% in SOC. Nausea of any grade occurred in 35.0% receiving elacestrant and 18.8% receiving SOC (grade 3/4, 2.5% and 0.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION Elacestrant is the first oral selective ER degrader demonstrating a significant PFS improvement versus SOC both in the overall population and in patients with ESR1 mutations with manageable safety in a phase III trial for patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.
Clinical Validity of 16α-[18F]Fluoro-17β-Estradiol Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography to Assess Estrogen Receptor Status in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: van Geel Jasper J.L. , Boers Jorianne , Elias Sjoerd G. , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M. , de Vries Erik F.J. , Hospers Geke A.P. , van Kruchten Michel , Kuip Evelien J.M. , Jager Agnes , Menke-van der Houven van Oordt Willemien C. , van der Vegt Bert , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Schröder Carolina P. ,   on behalf of the IMPACT-Metastatic Breast Consortium
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE Determining the estrogen receptor (ER) status is essential in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) management. Whole-body ER imaging with 16α-[18F]fluoro-17β-estradiol positron emission tomography ([18F]FES-PET) is increasingly used for this purpose. To establish the clinical validity of the [18F]FES-PET, we studied the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative and quantitative [18F]FES-PET assessment to predict ER expression by immunohistochemistry in a metastasis. METHODS In a prospective multicenter trial, 200 patients with newly diagnosed MBC underwent extensive workup including molecular imaging. For this subanalysis, ER expression in the biopsied metastasis was related to qualitative whole-body [18F]FES-PET evaluation and quantitative [18F]FES uptake in the corresponding metastasis. A review and meta-analysis regarding [18F]FES-PET diagnostic performance were performed. RESULTS Whole-body [18F]FES-PET assessment predicted ER expression in the biopsied metastasis with good accuracy: a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 89 to 97), a specificity of 80% (66 to 89), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 93% (87 to 96), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 85% (72 to 92) in 181 of 200 evaluable patients. Quantitative [18F]FES uptake predicted ER immunohistochemistry in the corresponding metastasis with a sensitivity/specificity of 91%/69% and a PPV/NPV of 90%/71% in 156 of 200 evaluable patients. For bone metastases, PPV/NPV was 92%/81%. Meta-analysis with addition of our data has increased diagnostic performance and narrowed the 95% CIs compared with previous studies with a sensitivity/specificity of both 86% (81 to 90 and 73 to 93, respectively). CONCLUSION In this largest prospective series so far, we established the clinical validity of [18F]FES-PET to determine tumor ER status in MBC. In view of the high diagnostic accuracy of qualitatively assessed whole-body [18F]FES-PET, this noninvasive imaging modality can be considered a valid alternative to a biopsy of a metastasis to determine ER status in newly MBC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01957332 ).
Change in Circulating Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Sexual Function in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Maio Antonietta , Maiorino Maria Ida , Longo Miriam , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Pernice Vlenia , Cirillo Paolo , Caruso Paola , Paglionico Vanda Amoresano , Bellastella Giuseppe , Esposito Katherine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are involved in the mechanisms of vascular repair and sexual function, are decreased in diabetic women compared with general population.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the circulating levels of EPCs and the change in sexual function during the menstrual cycle in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) compared with healthy women.

Methods
This case-control observational study was conducted at the Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli’’ of Naples. Participants included 36 women with T1DM and 64 age-matched healthy controls. EPCs were quantified by flow cytometry and sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale. All assessments were made at the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases of the same menstrual cycle. Main outcome measures included differences in EPCs levels and sexual function between patients and controls.

Results
Compared with controls, women with T1DM showed significantly lower levels of both CD34 + (P &lt; .001) and CD34 + CD133 + cells (P &lt; .001) in the ovulatory phase, and CD34 + KDR + cells both in the ovulatory phase and in the luteal phase (P &lt; .001 for both). Diabetic women showed significantly lower total FSFI scores and higher FSDS score than control women in all phases of the menstrual cycle. FSFI total score was predicted by both CD34 + CD133 + and CD34 + KDR + cells in the follicular phase, CD34 + and CD34 + KDR + CD133 + cells in the ovulatory phase, and CD34 + KDR + and CD34 + KDR + CD133 + cells in the luteal phase.

Conclusion
Women with T1DM show lower levels of EPCs during the menstrual cycle compared with controls. EPCs count predicts sexual function in this selected population.
Pathogenic Copy Number and Sequence Variants in Children Born SGA With Short Stature Without Imprinting Disorders
Authors: Hara-Isono Kaori , Nakamura Akie , Fuke Tomoko , Inoue Takanobu , Kawashima Sayaka , Matsubara Keiko , Sano Shinichiro , Yamazawa Kazuki , Fukami Maki , Ogata Tsutomu , Kagami Masayo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
Children born small-for-gestational-age with short stature (SGA-SS) is associated with (epi)genetic defects, including imprinting disorders (IDs), pathogenic copy number variants (PCNVs), and pathogenic variants of genes involved in growth. However, comprehensive studies evaluating these 3 factors are very limited.

Objective
To clarify the contribution of PCNVs and candidate pathogenic variants to SGA-SS.

Design
Comprehensive molecular analyses consisting of methylation analysis, copy number analysis, and multigene sequencing.

Methods
We enrolled 140 patients referred to us for genetic testing for SGA-SS. Among them, we excluded 42 patients meeting Netchine–Harbison clinical scoring system criteria for Silver–Russell syndrome and 4 patients with abnormal methylation levels of the IDs-related differentially methylated regions. Consequently, we conducted copy number analysis and multigene sequencing for 86 SGA-SS patients with sufficient sample volume. We also evaluated clinical phenotypes of patients with PCNVs or candidate pathogenic variants.

Results
We identified 8 (9.3%) and 11 (12.8%) patients with PCNVs and candidate pathogenic variants, respectively. According to the American College of Medical Genetics standards and guidelines, 5 variants were classified as pathogenic and the remaining 6 variants were classified as variants of unknown significance. Genetic diagnosis was made in 12 patients. All patients with PCNVs or candidate pathogenic variants did not correspond perfectly to characteristic clinical features of each specific genetic cause.

Conclusion
We clarified the contribution of PCNVs and pathogenic variants to SGA-SS without IDs. Comprehensive molecular analyses, including copy number analysis and multigene sequencing, should be considered for patients with unknown SGA-SS etiology.
Self-Coronation
Authors: Srinivasan Doris Meth 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mathura's Hindu art opens with two deities performing a gesture I have named “the self-coronation gesture”; it has no antecedents in Indian art or texts. Śiva and the Warrior Goddess (possibly developing into Mahisāsuramardinī) bestow upon themselves an honorific crowning object, the floral garland. Wherefrom came this particular gesture? The paper assigns the gesture's origin to the Greek Olympian. From this source a progression is traced eastward, to ancient Bactria, then Gandhāra, finally to Mathura during the Kushan Age. The progression reveals an evolutionary iconographic process going from Western heroes, especially Heracles, to Eastern heroes, especially Vīras, from solid crowns to pliant wreaths, from one hand to two arms needed to make the gesture. The meaning also evolves: the gesture no longer has the Olympian connotation but continues to suggest a sublime triumph. Reading the way my original nomenclature had been applied by others, the paper comments on their feasibility, especially a problematic Kushan/post-Kushan interpretation of Mahisāsuramardinī executing the gesture. Iconographic gaps remain. Needed is further input from the Northwest on the gesture, the source of the Warrior Goddess, and the degree of intermingling between local, Northern cults with early Hinduism.
The United Steelworkers of America's Path to Private Security: The Postwar Retiree Crisis, Politics, and Communism, 1946–1949
Authors: Himes Henry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 1949 the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) successfully bargained for a pension and social insurance system, opening the door for social insurance and pension bargaining across organized labor throughout the post–World War II era. Indeed, the explosion of security bargaining after World War II facilitated the growth of America's unique but flawed public-private welfare system. Many historians have viewed labor's postwar turn to collective bargaining in a negative light and have argued that due to the weakening of labor's political power in the immediate postwar era, labor abandoned its progressive postwar vision and instead opted for a more insular, less socially oriented agenda achieved at the bargaining table. This argument still holds true, but a close inspection of the USWA's postwar work highlights a more nuanced picture. The USWA was one of the few labor unions to challenge the constitutionality of the antilabor Taft-Hartley Act (1947). The union's fight against Taft-Hartley came into conflict with the union's dire need to bring long-term security to its members, especially after many steel corporations began arbitrarily terminating steelworkers at age sixty-five in 1946. Ultimately, the issue of delivering long-term security to USWA members overshadowed the union's effort to defeat Taft-Hartley. This article focuses on the USWA's effort to bring long-term security to its members from 1946 to 1949 and looks at the postwar retiree crises in steel, the weakness of the public and private welfare systems in that era, the Inland Steel decision, the USWA's challenge to Taft-Hartley, and 1949 bargaining.
Asset Trade, Real Investment, and a Tilting Financial Transaction Tax
Authors: Dieler Tobias , Biswas Sonny , Calzolari Giacomo , Castiglionesi Fabio 
Published: May 2022

We study the impact of a financial transaction tax (FTT) in a model that combines asset trading and real investment. An informed trader holds private information about the fundamental value of a firm, and the firm’s manager relies on the asset price to infer such information and invest accordingly. We characterize an informative, but illiquid, equilibrium where the firm’s value is optimal but trade is inefficiently low, together with an uninformative equilibrium with maximal liquidity but inefficient firm value. Although an FTT inefficiently reduces trading, it may tilt the market’s equilibrium and make asset prices more informative. We characterize the situations in which one or the other of these two effects prevails. The analysis also helps us to reconcile some puzzling empirical evidence regarding the adoption of the FTT. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.
Antidiscrimination Laws, Artificial Intelligence, and Gender Bias: A Case Study in Nonmortgage Fintech Lending
Authors: Kelley Stephanie , Ovchinnikov Anton , Hardoon David R. , Heinrich Adrienne 
Published: May 2022

Problem definition: We use a realistically large, publicly available data set from a global fintech lender to simulate the impact of different antidiscrimination laws and their corresponding data management and model-building regimes on gender-based discrimination in the nonmortgage fintech lending setting. Academic/practical relevance: Our paper extends the conceptual understanding of model-based discrimination from computer science to a realistic context that simulates the situations faced by fintech lenders in practice, where advanced machine learning (ML) techniques are used with high-dimensional, feature-rich, highly multicollinear data. We provide technically and legally permissible approaches for firms to reduce discrimination across different antidiscrimination regimes whilst managing profitability. Methodology: We train statistical and ML models on a large and realistically rich publicly available data set to simulate different antidiscrimination regimes and measure their impact on model quality and firm profitability. We use ML explainability techniques to understand the drivers of ML discrimination. Results: We find that regimes that prohibit the use of gender (like those in the United States) substantially increase discrimination and slightly decrease firm profitability. We observe that ML models are less discriminatory, of better predictive quality, and more profitable compared with traditional statistical models like logistic regression. Unlike omitted variable bias—which drives discrimination in statistical models—ML discrimination is driven by changes in the model training procedure, including feature engineering and feature selection, when gender is excluded. We observe that down sampling the training data to rebalance gender, gender-aware hyperparameter selection, and up sampling the training data to rebalance gender all reduce discrimination, with varying trade-offs in predictive quality and firm profitability. Probabilistic gender proxy modeling (imputing applicant gender) further reduces discrimination with negligible impact on predictive quality and a slight increase in firm profitability. Managerial implications: A rethink is required of the antidiscrimination laws, specifically with respect to the collection and use of protected attributes for ML models. Firms should be able to collect protected attributes to, at minimum, measure discrimination and ideally, take steps to reduce it. Increased data access should come with greater accountability for firms. History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1108 .
PEMERIKSAAN GOLONGAN DARAH DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA CALON PENDONOR DARAH DI PUSLATPUR, PLAYEN, GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: Astuti Yuli , Artini Dyah 
Published: May 2022

Latar Belakang kebutuhan darah setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Keberadaan calon pendonor darah memegang peranan penting dalam ketersediaan darah. Calon pendonor dalam mendonorkan darahnya wajib lolos seleksi pendonor darah. Pemeriksaan utama adalah pemeriksaan golongan darah dan hemoglobin .Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk melakukan pemeriksaan golongan darah dan Pemeriksaan Hemoglobin pada Calon Pendonor Darah di Puslatpur, Playen, Gunung Kidul.Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini direncanakan dalam Â tahapan yaitu : tahapan persiapan, dan tahap pelaksanaan. Tahapan persiapan meliputi pengurusan ijin, studi pendahuluan dengan observasi lapangan, pengumpulan bahan Â dan persiapan alat dan bahan pada saat kegiatanÂ serta koordinasi dengan pihak terkait. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah melakukan pemeriksaan golongan darah dan Pemeriksaan Hemoglobin pada Calon Pendonor Darah di Puslatpur, Playen, Gunung Kidul. Pada tahap pelaporan hasil dan evaluasi terdiri penyusunan laporan pertanggungjawaban kegiatan.Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini terdapat dari 29 orang yang berkenan dilakukan pemeriksaan. Didapatkan hasil golongan darah A sejumlah 9 orang, gologan darah B sejumlah 6 orang, golongan darah O sejumlah 12 orang, dan golongan darah AB sejumlah 1 orang, dan golongan darah rhesus positif sebanyak 29 orang. Hasil pemeriksaan hemoglobin kadar hemoglobin 10-12 gr/dl adalah sejumlah 5 orang, dan kadar hemoglobin 12,1-14gr/dl sejumlah 12 orang dan kadar hemoglobin 14.1-16 gr/dl sejumlah 11 orang.Kesimpulan dari 29 peserta yang dilakukan pemeriksaan, hasil terbanyak untuk golongan darah adalah golongan darah O, dan 5 orang dengan kadar hemoglobin <12gr/dlKata kunci: Pemeriksaan hemoglobin, golongan darah, calon pendonor
PENDAMPINGAN MERANCANG PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS DAN PENULISAN PUBLIKASI KEPADA GURU-GURU SD DI DESA SAKATIGA
Authors: Dewi Novi Rustiana , Yuliza Evi , Faruk Alfensi , Eliyati Ning 
Published: May 2022

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Â (PTK) merupakan penelitian yang dapat dilakukan guru dalam rangka memperbaiki proses pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sangat penting bagi guru untuk melakukan PTK. Peningkatan jenjang jabatan dan golongan bagi para guru memerlukan beberapa karya ilmiah yang dipublikasikan. Karya ilmiah dapat dihasilkan dari kegiatan PTK, oleh sebab itu perlu adanya tambahan wawasan bagi para guru bagaimana menuangkan hasil PTK ke dalam makalah ilmiah. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tambahan wawasan akan pentingnya PTK dalam proses pembelajaran dan membantu para guru dalam menulis serta mempublikasikan hasil PTK pada jurnal nasional. Diharapkan dari kegiatan ini, para guru dapat melakukan PTK dan menulis makalah ilmiah dari hasil PTK yang sesuai metode ilmiah. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan dua tahap, yaitu tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap pendampingan. Tahap pelaksanaan meliputi penyampaian materi PTK dan Penulisan ilmiah. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner diketahui bahwa terdapat peningkatan Â mengenai pemahaman konsep PTK dan publikasi ilmiah antara sebelum penyampaian materi dan sesudah penyampaian materi. Tahap yang kedua adalah tahap pendampingan. Pada tahap ini dilakukan pendampingan penulisan dalam bentuk review draf artikel.
Multilayer thermal control for high-altitude vertical imaging aerial cameras
Authors: Li Yanwei , Yuan Guoqin , Xie Xinwang , Dong Leigang , Yin Longhai 
Published: May 2022

Aerial cameras play an important role in obtaining ground information. However, the complex and changeable aviation environment limits its application. Thermal control is vital in improving the environmental adaptability of the camera to obtain high-quality images. Conventional thermal control of aerial cameras is to directly implement active thermal control on the optical system, which is a single layer thermal control method. Such a method cannot isolate the optical system from the external environment. It results in a sharp increase in thermal control power consumption and in temperature gradient, which increases the difficulty of thermal control. Here, we propose a multilayer system-level thermal control approach by partitioning the aerial camera into two parts, i.e., the imaging system and the outline cabin. Two parts are connected by materials with poor thermal conductivity, and an air insulation interlayer is formed in between. Theoretical analysis is carried out to model the internal and external thermal environment of the aerial camera in a complex high-altitude environment. We study passive thermal control of the thermal insulation layer of the outline cabin, the optical window, the imaging optics, the CCD device, and the phase change material, and active thermal control of the thermal convection and heating film. Numerical modeling on the multilayer thermal control of the system is carried out and verified by the thermal equilibrium test and actual field flight test. The total power consumption of the thermal control system is 270 W. High-quality images are obtained when the temperature gradient of the optical lens is less than 5°C and the temperature of the CCD is lower than 30°C. Our technology is simple, accurate, low cost, and easy to implement compared to the conventional thermal control method. It effectively lowers the power consumption and reduces the difficulty of thermal control.
Pulmonary haemorrhage as the earliest sign of severe leptospirosis in hamster model challenged with Leptospira interrogans strain HP358
Authors: Philip Noraini , Priya Sivan Padma , Jumah Badawi Ahmad Hussein , Mohd Izhar Mohd Hafidz , Mohtarrudin Norhafizah , Tengku Ibrahim Tengku Azmi , Sekawi Zamberi , Neela Vasantha Kumari 
Published: May 2022

Background
Severe leptospirosis is challenging as it could evolve rapidly and potentially fatal if appropriate management is not performed. An understanding of the progression and pathophysiology of Leptospira infection is important to determine the early changes that could be potentially used to predict the severe occurrence of leptospirosis. This study aimed to understand the kinetics pathogenesis of Leptospira interrogans strain HP358 in the hamster model and identify the early parameters that could be used as biomarkers to predict severe leptospirosis.

Methodology/Principal findings
Male Syrian hamsters were infected with Leptospira interrogans strain HP358 and euthanized after 24 hours, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days post-infection. Blood, lungs, liver and kidneys were collected for leptospiral detection, haematology, serum biochemistry and differential expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Macroscopic and microscopic organ damages were investigated. Leptospira interrogans strain HP358 was highly pathogenic and killed hamsters within 6–7 days post-infection. Pulmonary haemorrhage and blood vessel congestion in organs were noticed as the earliest pathological changes. The damages in organs and changes in biochemistry value were preceded by changes in haematology and immune gene expression.

Conclusion/Significance
This study deciphered haemorrhage as the earliest manifestation of severe leptospirosis and high levels of IL-1β, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL3/MIP-α, neutrophils and low levels of lymphocytes and platelets serve as a cumulative panel of biomarkers in severe leptospirosis.