bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes with NTN-33893, 1991
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Stevenson Susan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Superior' potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 15 and 17 Apr, '91. Both planting dates had identical treatments. Plots consisted of single treatment rows. The distance between rows was 36 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 9 inches. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Granular treatments were applied with a small shaker can over the top of seed pieces in the furrow. In furrow spray treatments were applied to the seed pieces at the rate of 20/gal per acre with a one pint bottle with a trigger pump. All treatments were applied at planting. In evaluating the teatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg masses/5 stems and defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Dry conditions prevailed for much of the growing season.
Control of Pyrethroid Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, 1990
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Heuser Laura , Holder Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted 16 May on the Northwest Experiment Station at Crookston, MN, using B-size 'Norchip' certified seed. Plots were four rows, 0.9 m wide, 7.6 m long, with 1.5 m of fallow between plots. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Soil systemics were applied over the top of the rows within 1 wk after planting and lightly incorporated. This location has very fine textured soil with dry conditions. Foliar sprays were applied on 7, 17, 29 Jul, and 6 Aug with a handheld CO2 sprayer using 2.8 kg/cm2 pressure and 30.4 liter/ha total material. Routine applications of fungicide were applied as needed. Defoliation estimates were taken on 4 dates and represent peak larval and late season defoliation levels. The two center rows of each plot were harvested, the tubers graded and weights recorded.
Colordao Potato Beetle Control with Genetically Engineered (Transgenic) Potato Plants, 1991
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots using 'Russet Burbank' potatoes that had been genetically engineered to contain a transformed Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (Bt) gene were established at the UI Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID. Two 'Russet Burbank' check plots were machine planted on 12 Apr and five transgenic potato lines obtained from Monsanto, including one non-transgenic (NT) 'Russet Burbank' line, were hand planted on 20 May. All treatment plots were replicated six times. Individual check plots were 2 rows (36 inch spacing) by 25 feet. Individual transgenic plots consisted of 2 rows (36 inch spacing) by 25 feet with each of the two rows containing five hills of each line for a total of ten hills per line in the two row plot. The transgenic potatoes planted ranged from pea to golf ball size mini-tubers. Due to the small average size, these tubers were planted at a shallow depth of not more than four inches. Irrigation of plots was by furrow. No chemical controls for CPB were used other than to one of the 'Russet Burbank' check treatments when an application of Asana (0.02 lb Al/acre) was made on 25 Jun. On a weekly basis, all stages of beetles were counted and percent defoliation estimations were made using whole plant inspections of all plants within the two plot rows for the transgenic lines and the center five hills in each row (10 hills/plot) in the check and Asana treated plots. Larval stages were separated into small (1-2 instar) and large (3-4 instar). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls studentized range test.
Imported Cabbage Webworm Control, 1991
Authors: Meier S. , Muniappan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Radish seeds were sown 20 cm apart in rows 2 m long on 1 Apr. Each treatment plot contained five rows 1 m apart. Four treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of the insecticides: Dibrom, Malathion, Sevin, and control. Insecticides were applied by backpack sprayer. Three protective applications of Dibrom to the young seedlings were made on 4, 9, and 12 Apr. Insecticide treatments were made on 23 and 26 Apr. The larvae of ICW were counted on 25 Apr (2 DAT), and 29 Apr (3 DAT). Actual numbers of ICW were recorded from 10 plants per plot randomly selected from the center three rows
Reduced-Rate Combinations of Pyrethroids & MVP on Staked Tomatoes, 1991
Authors: Palmer C. R. , Walgenbach J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set on 11 Jun, at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 2 ft apart within rows, and rows were on 10 ft centers. Single row plots (10 plants) were separated by 10 ft of cultivated soil, and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Insecticide applications were initiated at first fruiting and applied on 24, 31 Jul, 8, 15, 23, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep. All applications were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi and delivering 50-100 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew) through 6 hollowcone nozzles/row. Each row was sprayed on both sides with 3 nozzles spaced 12" apart on the spray wand. PA populations were monitored by observing 10 leaves (1st leaf below terminal flower) per treatment (40 leave total) and recording the number infested with ≥ l apterous aphid. Fruit were harvested as vine-ripes at weekly intervals from 6 Aug to 11 Sep. Total number of fruit was counted and those damaged by lepidopterans (TFW and CL) and stink bugs (SB) recorded.
Monitor/Pyrethroid Combinations for Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring, 1990
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 20 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of three, 20-ft-long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Pyrethroid and Monitor/Pyrethroid treatments were alternated weekly with Thiodan 3 EC at 0.94 lb (AI)/acre. Beginning with Thiodan, treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 20, 26 Apr, 4, 11, 16, 23, 30 May, 5 - 6, and 18 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with D-3 disks and #25 cores. The number of nozzles per row were increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 50 gal/acre were applied the first three sprays, 75 gal/acre the fourth spray and 100 gal/acre for the remaining sprays. The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of ten stems from the middle row of each plot on 16 May, 11, and 27 Jun. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, and pupae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 14 and 27 Jun and the fruit were counted and weighed. Samples of 50 fruit from each plot were held at room temperature in paper bags. As the fruit ripened, each was rated 1 to 4 for increasing severity of external symptoms of irregular ripening (IRR). This disorder is associated with high populations of the sweetpotato whitefly and is characterized by incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of fruit. The percent of unmarketable fruit was calculated in which fruit rated 3 or 4 were considered unmarketable. Whitefly data were transformed to the square root of the number plus 0.5 prior to analyses and percentage data were transformed to arcsine of the square root of the proportion prior to analyses. All data are presented in the original scale.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly and Geminivirus on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Fall, 1990
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 5 Sep, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of three 20-ft-long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 14, 19, 24 Sep, 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 Oct, 5, 13, 19, 26 Nov, and 3 Dec. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with D-3 disks and #25 cores. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 50 gal/acre were applied the first five sprays (4 nozzles), 75 gal/acre the sixth and seventh sprays (6 nozzles), and 100 gal/acre for the remaining sprays (8 nozzles). The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of ten stems from the middle row of each plot on 25 Oct and 27 Nov. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, and pupae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All plants were examined weekly for characteristic symptoms of an unidentified geminivirus transmitted by the whitefly. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 14, 28 Nov, and 10 Dec and the fruit were counted and weighed. Samples of 50 fruit from each plot were held at room temperature in paper bags. As the fruit ripened, each was rated 1 to 4 for increasing severity of external symptoms of irregular ripening (IRR). This disorder is associated with high populations of the sweetpotato whitefly and is characterized by incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of fruit. The percentage of unmarketable fruit was calculated (fruit rated 3 or 4 were considered unmarketable).
Pyrethroid/Organophosphate Combinations for Management of the Sweetpotato Whitefly and Geminivirus on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring, 1991
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 8 Mar, transplants were set 18 in apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of three 50-ft-long rows on 5 ft centers separated by 50 ft. Treatments were replicated 2 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 15, 19, 26 Mar, 2, 9, 16, 22 Apr, 1, 8, 13, and 29 May. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with D-3 disks and #25 cores. The numbers of nozzles per row were increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 50 gal/acre were applied the first seven sprays (4 nozzles), 75 gal/acre the eighth and ninth sprays (6 nozzles), and 100 gal/acre for the remaining sprays (8 nozzles). A single four inch square yellow water pan trap was placed in the center of the middle row of each plot for 24 hrs weekly. Three leaves from the upper, middle, and lower canopy were examined weekly from each of 10 plants from the middle row of each plot and the number of sweetpotato whitefly adults were counted. The terminal leaflet was collected from the 7th or 8th leaf (counting from the top) of each of 20 stems from the middle row of each plot on 23 Apr, 9, 23 May, and 7 Jun. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, pupae, and pupa exuviae of the sweetpotato whitefly were counted. All plants were examined weekly for characteristic symptoms of an unknown geminivirus transmitted by the whitefly. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 24 May and 3 Jun and the fruit were sized, counted, and weighed.
Capture and Ammo Dosage Comparisons for Grasshopper Control in Conservation Reserve Program Land, 1990
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Ricard Michel. , Heuser Laur. , Rustad Davi. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A section of 3-yr-old CRP containing approximately 60 grasshoppers per m2 was selected for this trial. The grass-alfalfa provided relatively heavy cover with average plant height about 0.7 m. The age structure of the grasshopper population was 6% 1st instar, 11% 2nd, 24% 3rd, 27% 4th, 20% 5th, and 12% adults. Seventy-eight percent of the grasshoppers were TSG, 19% were MIG, and 3% were RLG. Plots were 17.5 m wide × 0.4 km in length, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied in 18.7 liter total material using an Ag Cat flying at 160 km/h. Application was initiated at 6:00 p.m. on 10 Jul and was completed shortly after 8:00 p.m. PoSttreatment counts were taken by 2 persons making 25 sweeps each with a standard 15 inch sweep net. Counts were averaged and recorded as 1 count/25 sweeps.
Grasshopper Control in Conservation Reserve Program Land; Insecticide Comparisons, 1990
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Ricard Michel. , Heuser Laur. , Rustad Davi. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A section of 3-yr-old CRP containing approximately 60 grasshoppers per m2 was selected for this trial. The grass-alfalfa provided relatively heavy cover with average plant height about 0.7 m. The age structure of the grasshopper population was 6% 1st instar, 11% 2nd, 24% 3rd, 27% 4th, 20% 5th, and 12% adults. Seventy-eight percent of the grasshoppers were TSG, 19% were MIG, and 3% were RLG. Plots were 17.5 m wide × 0.4 km in length, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied in 18.7 liter total material using an Ag Cat flying at 160 km/h. Application was initiated at 5:30 a.m. on 11 Jul and was completed shortly after 7:00 a.m. Posttreatment counts were taken by 2 persons making 25 sweeps each with a standard 15 inch sweep net. Counts were averaged and recorded as 1 count/25 sweeps.
Control of Early Season Alfalfa Insects, 1991
Authors: Rethwisch M. D. , Tellez D. , McDaniel C. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nineteen insecticide treatments were applied on 4 Mar to a first year stand of alfalfa located east of Somerton, AZ. Treatments were applied with a backpack COa sprayer with 4 T-Jet 8001 nozzles calibrated to deliver 17.8 gal/acre at 20 psi. Plot sized were 10 × 15 ft and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were buffered with 0.25% Buffer PS (Helena Co.). Alfalfa was 6-8 inches tall when treatments were applied. Plots were sampled 5, 9, 13, and 18 Mar. Samples consisted of 5 sweeps per plot with a 15 inch diam sweep net. Samples were placed in containers and frozen for later speciation. Data were analyzed with a S-N-K test.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Alfalfa, 1991
Authors: Shields E. J. , Taylor P. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 7.3 × 7.3 m (24 × 24 ft) were established in a 5-yr-old field of ‘Oneida VR’ alfalfa in Ithaca, NY. Soils were silt loam. The trial was performed on water stressed regrowth 27 days after the first cutting. Some hopperburn was evident. Nine treatments and 1 untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 3 Jul with a C02 pressurized ATV-mounted, 8 nozzle spray boom which spanned 3.66 m (12 ft). The sprayer delivered 302.8 liters/ha (32 gal/acre) at 40 psi and an ATV speed of 5.6 km/hr (3.5 mi/hr). Rain showers occurred in the afternoon and evening both 1 and 2 DAT. PLH density was evaluated 1 d pretreatment and 4, 7, 14 and 20 DAT by taking 10 sweeps per plot with a 40 cm diam sweep net. Data for all plot samplings were expressed as the number of PLH/10 sweeps.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of Alfalfa Insects in Wisconsin, 1991
Authors: Wedberg Joh. , Jensen Brya. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 12 X 15 m were established in a field of’Garst 636’ alfalfa at the University of Wisconsin Arlington Research Station in Columbia County. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, and applied on 20 Jul 1991 by using a tractor-mounted compressed air sprayer equipped with 8001 Teejet flat fan nozzles delivering 150 liters of finished spray per ha at 40 psi when driven at 2.6 mph. Insect abundance was estimated by taking 20 consecutive pendulum sweeps in each plot with a 38 cm diam sweep net at 4, 7, and 14 DAT.
Grasshopper Control in Conservation Reserve Program Land, 1991
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Ricard Michel. , Heuser Laur. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The location of the trial was near Nielsville, MN, in western Polk county. Plots were 15.3 m strips × 756 m long. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Trefoil, the primary plant in this CRP, was just beginning to bloom. The stand covered perhaps 55% of the soil surface. Treatments were applied by an Ag Cat airplane using 26 wide droplet nozzles with medium openings. Total material/ha was 46.9 liters. Treatments were put on between 9:30 AM and 12:30 PM. The temperature was 23°C and the west wind was from 5.6 to 10.3 km/h.
Aphid Control in Winter Canola Using Foliar Insecticides, 1991
Authors: Buntin G. Davi. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Selected foliarly-applied insecticides were evaluated for control of aphids in fall planted canola near Plains, GA. Canola was planted on 26 Oct in 7-inch rows in plots measuring 5 × 20 ft. Spray treatments were applied at full bloom on 18 Mar using a C02-powered backpack sprayer equipped with No. 4 flat fan nozzles which delivered 27.5 gal/acre. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks. The percentage of aphid infested stems was measured before and 3, 6, and 17 DAT by inspecting 100 stems/plot. Plots were harvested with a small-plot combine on 17 May and yield was adjusted to 8% moisture content. Grain test weight also was measured.
Counter Soil Systemic Plus Foliar Control of Flea Beetle, 1989
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Roman Hecto. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A cooperative trial with Sigco Research was established 6 May on a dry clay soil near Breckenridge, MN. Plots were planted in six 38.1 cm rows, 6.10 m in length, using a cone type 6-row planter. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. All granular treatments were applied at planting. Foliars were broadcast applied in 30.4 liters/ha material at 2.8 kg/cm2 pressure using a hand held C02 sprayer. Multiple foliar applications were made at 4 leaf, late prebloom, and early postbloom (1X = early post bloom, 2 X = late pre and early post bloom, and 3 X = all three plant stages).
Flea Beetle Control in Canola with Granular Insecticides, 1989
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Roman Hecto. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A cooperative study with Sigco Research of Breckenridge, MN, was established on a well drained silt loam soil near Cando, ND. Plots were six 38.1 cm rows, 6.10 m in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. All insecticides were applied with the seed and planted with a cone-type planter. Weather was hot and dry throughout the growing season; no foliar applications were made.
Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1991
Authors: Bessin R. , Townsend L. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve insecticides were applied for control of western corn rootworm larvae. The test plots were planted in a continuous corn field on 16 May in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. Individual plots consisted of single rows, 8 in long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. All plots, except one of the untreated checks, received Accent 75 WDG (0.0313 lb [AI]/acre). All insecticide treatments were applied at planting except Furadan 4 F, which was applied in combination with Accent 75 WDG on 31 May. Maximum extended leaf heights were evaluated on 4, 11, and 24 Jun. Plant lodging was evaluated 17 Jun. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the plant and the ground was less was 45°. Two independent visual ratings of the plots were made 7 Jun on a 0-4 system (0: healthy and vigorous; 1: less vigorous; 2: some leaf yellowing; 3: leaves chlorotic; 4: leaves chlorotic and wrinkled). Root damage ratings were evaluated on 18 Jun taking 3 plants per plot using the Iowa 1-6 system.
Planting-Time Versus Cultivation-Time Soil Insecticides for Corn Rootworm Control in Il, 1991
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test plot was planted 2 May in a trap crop field. Selected soil insecticides were applied at planting and first cultivation at Urbana. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each treatment consisted of four rows 100 ft long. Rows were 30 inches apart. Counter 15 G and Furadan 15 G applied at planting were metered through Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere, 7000 series, 4-row Max-Emerge planter). These granules were applied in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels on the planter and were incorporated into the soil. Liquid Furadan 4 F was applied at cultivation time (3 Jun) with equipment calibrated to deliver 30.5 gal/acre at 30 psi and a speed of 2 mph. Spray was applied broadcast through flat fan nozzles (Teejet XRT 8002VS). In 2 of the treatments, the corn was cultivated 1 day after Furadan 4 F was applied. In the other 2 treatments, Furadan 4 F was left on the soil surface and no cultivation was performed.
Wireworm Control with Insecticides in Illinois, 1991
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The wireworm trial was established near Hutsonville. This site had been planted to popcorn in 1989 and subsequently suffered from a severe infestation of wireworms. Soybeans were planted in 1990. In 1991 the 3 solar bait stations (each a 20-oz mixture of wheat and corn buried 4-6 inches deep) placed in early spring in this field detected an average of 4 wireworms per station. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Eight check plots were included in each replication and were averaged for the ANOVA. Treatments were applied to single rows (60-ft long) with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied with Noble units mounted on each of the planter units (John Deere 7000 series, 4-row Max-emerge planter). Granules were applied in-furrow or in a 7-inch band ahead of the firming wheels and were incorporated into the soil at planting (1 May). Seed treatments were mixed with seed on the day of planting. On 31 May, stand counts (in 17.3 ft of row) and 2 trench soil samples were taken from each plot. A soil sample consisted of a trench of soil 3.3 ft (length) × 4 inches (width) × 4 inches (depth) that was removed and sifted from each row. Seeds/seedlings in each 3.3 ft of row were examined for wireworm damage and rated according to the following scale: (1) seed/seedling undamaged, (2) seed/seedling damaged but plant established, (3) seed/seedling damaged, with plant showing some signs of stress, and (4) seed/seedling damaged, with no plant establishment. The percentage of damaged plants was calculated from the rating scale.
Efficacy of Dimilin Against Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1991
Authors: Graves J. B. , Long D. W. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 5 treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Cotton was planted on 30 May with plots consisting of 5 rows (on 102 cm centers) X 15.2 m. Foliar sprays were applied with a hi-clearance tractor equipped with a compressed air delivery system. Two TX-8 hollow cone nozzles equally spaced per row delivered a total vol of 56.2 liters/ha at 3.02 kg/cm2. Treatments were applied on 31 Jul and 21 Aug. All plots were oversprayed with methyl parathion 4 EC at 0.37 kg (AI)/ha on 2, 9, 15, and 22 Aug for boll weevil suppression. Terminals were sampled on 6 Aug, squares on 6 and 29 Aug, and bolls on 29 Aug. On these dates, 25 terminals, squares, or bolls/plot were examined for the presence of live larvae and larval damage. Rainfall was recorded on 9 (0.41 cm), 10 (2.06 cm), and 28 Aug (0.51 cm).