bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REGEN‐COV antibody combination in patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Bronstein Yotam , Avivi Irit , Cohen Yael C , Feigin Eugene , Perry Chava , Herishanu Yair 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatients with lymphoproliferative diseases are at high risk for SARS‐CoV‐2‐related complications and mortality. The role of casirivimab and imdevimab (REGEN‐COV), a neutralizing antibody cocktail, to treat immunocompromised hemato‐oncological patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 disease 2019 (Covid‐19) remains unknown. Here, we present our clinical experience on the outcome of 15 hematological patients treated with REGEN‐COV for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Most patients failed to respond or achieved low antibody titer after 2–3 doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. All patients experienced clinical improvement with no mortality within a median follow‐up of 70 days. In conclusion, early administration of REGEN‐COV to high‐risk hematological patients may prevent clinical deterioration and mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies may vary depending on the virus variants and in particular with the omicron variant (B.1.1.529).
Real‐world evaluation of the impact of two anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibody regimens on COVID‐19 hospitalizations in older adults
Authors: Sobolewski Kristine A. , Smoke Steven M. , Brophy Alison , Vassallo Andrew V. , Chen Brandon , Hilden Patrick , Patterson Rebecca , Pittiglio Marina , Raja Karan , Handler Eric , Freer Christopher 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvidence from clinical trials suggest anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies (mABs) may reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related hospitalizations. The purpose of this study was to assess the real‐world impact of mAB administration on COVID‐19 hospitalization among patients 65 years or older. This was a retrospective, propensity‐matched cohort study that included patients aged 65 years and older who presented to the emergency department (ED) within 10 days of symptom onset of mild to moderate COVID‐19 infection. Outcomes were compared between those who did and did not receive mAB therapy. The primary endpoint was the rate of hospitalization for COVID‐19 within 30 days of index ED visit. A total of 137 patients receiving mABs were matched to 137 controls. Hospitalization occurred in 2.9% of mAB‐treated patients compared to 14.6% of patients of the standard of care (SOC) arm (odds ratio: 0.20 [95% CI: 0.07–0.59]). There were zero intubations and zero deaths compared to 3 (2.2%) and 2 (1.5%) in the SOC group. Among the 223 patients receiving mAB in the overall cohort, adverse drug events occurred in 10 (4.5%). Treatment with mAB therapy for mild to moderate COVID‐19 was associated with a substantially reduced risk of hospitalization among patients at least 65 years of age.
A re‐evaluation of overshooting in time integration schemes: The neglected effect of physical damping in the starting procedure
Authors: Maxam Dean J. , Tamma Kumar K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn important property of implicit time integration algorithms for structural dynamics is their tendency to “overshoot” the exact solution in the first few steps of the computed response due to high‐frequency components in the initial excitations. The typical analysis technique for overshooting involves the study of asymptotic response of the algorithm's first step in the limiting high frequency case. This article finds that the prior analysis of overshooting in much of the engineering literature is incomplete in that it neglects the effect of physical damping. With physical damping included, first‐order overshooting components enter into several well‐known time integration algorithms which were previously thought to exhibit zero‐order overshooting in displacement. The Newmark method, Wilson‐ method, Bazzi‐ method, HHT‐ method, WBZ‐ method, and three parameter optimal/generalized‐ method are analyzed, as well as the generalized single‐step single‐solve (GSSSS) framework which encompasses all of the prior schemes and other new and optimal algorithms and designs based upon the issues under consideration. The additional overshooting component is eliminated in the novel amended GSSSS V0 family (which is noteworthy and cannot be derived by conventional means), while the numerically dissipative schemes in the GSSSS U0 family (encompassing traditional methods such as the HHT‐ method, WBZ‐ method, and three parameter optimal/generalized‐ method among other new algorithm designs) are shown to be irremediable as the additional overshooting component from physical damping enters into the second step of the response, which is a wholly new finding. Numerical verifications of the overshooting analysis are performed for SDOF and MDOF structures with and without physical damping, and practical recommendations are given for the solution of MDOF problems on the basis of algorithm design and selection for various initial conditions.
Load aliasing—A new additional test concept for effective control of nonhomogeneous high‐frequency behavior in linear multistep methods
Authors: Maxam Dean J. , Tamma Kumar K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article introduces a new additional test concept and numerical property of implicit time integration methods termed as “aliasing” of the external load which must be considered during the algorithm design process. Where most numerical properties of such algorithms discussed in the literature pertain to the homogeneous components, aliasing reflects the tendency of the nonhomogeneous components to introduce errors into the solution in the asymptotic high‐frequency limit. An analytical technique is proposed to detect and quantify aliasing, defined in terms of the resulting representative solution. A theorem establishes whether a representative solution with aliasing can be bounded up to a constant by the external force values and thus treated as acceptable if the bound is sufficiently small. For the U0 family of algorithms within the GSSSS‐II framework containing several traditional and closely related methods, this is not an issue. However, the numerically dissipative GSSSS‐II V0 family of methods is shown to exhibit bounded aliasing with a constant roughly equal to 2, while the “structure‐dependent” Chang Family Method is shown to exhibit unbounded aliasing, which is not acceptable for practical dynamic computations. Numerical verifications are performed with single‐degree and multi‐degree of freedom problems with a series of selected algorithms which exhibit either no aliasing, tightly bounded aliasing, unbounded aliasing, or large bounded aliasing, and practical recommendations are given for acceptable aliasing of the load with special emphasis on MDOF problems such as those arising from finite element discretizations.
Towards Recycling of LLZO Solid Electrolyte Exemplarily Performed on LFP/LLZO/LTO Cells**
Authors: Ali Nowroozi Mohammad , Iqbal Waidha Aamir , Jacob Martine , van Aken Peter A. , Predel Felicitas , Ensinger Wolfgang , Clemens Oliver 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium ion batteries (ASS‐LIBs) are promising due to their safety and higher energy density as compared to that of conventional LIBs. Over the next few decades, tremendous amounts of spent ASS‐LIBs will reach the end of their cycle life and would require recycling in order to address the waste management issue along with reduced exploitation of rare elements. So far, only very limited studies have been conducted on recycling of ASS‐LIBS. Herein, we investigate the recycling of the Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid‐state electrolyte in a LiFePO4/LLZO/Li4Ti5O12 system using a hydrometallurgical approach. Our results show that different concentration of the leaching solutions can significantly influence the final product of the recycling process. However, it was possible to recover relatively pure La2O3 and ZrO2 to re‐synthesize the cubic LLZO phase, whose high purity was confirmed by XRD measurements.
Australia's News Media Bargaining Code and the global turn towards platform regulation
Authors: Bossio Diana , Flew Terry , Meese James , Leaver Tama , Barnet Belinda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGovernments across the world are struggling to address the market dominance of technology companies through increased regulation. The Australian Federal government found itself leading the world in platform regulation when, in 2021, it enacted the Australian News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code. The furore surrounding the introduction of the legislation, and Facebook's subsequent Australian ‘news ban’ exposed the limits of a regulatory model that has previously left the tech industry to moderate itself. In this paper, we argue the introduction of the Code is a leading example of a global trajectory towards regulatory change, which sees governments move from a reactive regulation model to specific interventions around the governance of digital media spaces. We discuss how best to measure the successes and failures around this more interventionist model through a case study of the implementation of the Code in Australia. More broadly we consider how global platforms have responded, and whether the reform is an effective regulatory model for other national governments to emulate.
Neighborhood deprivation and risk of mortality among men with prostate cancer: Findings from a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: K. C. Madhav , Oral Evrim , Rung Ariane L. , Trapido Edward J. , Rozek Laura S. , Fontham Elizabeth T. H. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Farnan Laura , Steck Susan E. , Song Lixin , Mohler James L. , Peters Edward S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe overall survival rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has improved over the past decades. However, huge socioeconomic and racial disparities in overall and prostate cancer‐specific mortality exist. The neighborhood‐level factors including socioeconomic disadvantage and lack of access to care may contribute to disparities in cancer mortality. This study examines the impact of neighborhood deprivation on mortality among PCa survivors.MethodsNorth Carolina–Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) data were used. A total of 2113 men, 1046 AA and 1067 EA, with PCa were included in the analysis. Neighborhood deprivation was measured by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) at the census block group level using data from the US Census Bureau. Quintiles of ADI were created. Cox proportional hazards and competing risk models with mixed effects were performed to estimate the effect of neighborhood deprivation on all‐cause and PCa‐specific mortality adjusted for age, race, study site, insurance status, and comorbidities.ResultsParticipants living in the most deprived neighborhoods had an increased risk for all‐cause mortality (quintiles 4 + 5: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.96) compared to those in the least deprived (quintile 1) neighborhoods. The risk of prostate cancer‐specific mortality was also higher among those living in the deprived neighborhoods (quintiles 4 + 5: aHR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.10–3.50) than those in the least deprived neighborhood.ConclusionsThe findings suggest neighborhood‐level resources or health interventions are essential to improve survival among men with PCa. Additional research should focus on the mechanisms of how the neighborhood environment affects mortality.
Impact of polymorphisms of pharmacokinetics‐related genes and the inflammatory response on the metabolism of voriconazole
Authors: Aiuchi Naoya , Nakagawa Junichi , Sakuraba Hirotake , Takahata Takenori , Kamata Kosuke , Saito Norihiro , Ueno Kayo , Ishiyama Masahiro , Yamagata Kazufumi , Kayaba Hiroyuki , Niioka Takenori 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of inflammatory responses and polymorphisms of the genes encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) (CYP2C19 and CYP3A5), flavin‐containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), pregnane X receptor (NR1I2), constitutive androstane receptor (NR1I3), and CYP oxidoreductase (POR) on the ratio of voriconazole (VRCZ) N‐oxide to VRCZ (VNO/VRCZ) and steady‐state trough concentrations (C0h) of VRCZ were investigated. A total of 56 blood samples were collected from 36 Japanese patients. Results of multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that the presence of the extensive metabolizer CYP2C19 genotype, the dose per administration, and the presence of the NR1I2 rs3814057 C/C genotype were independent factors influencing the VNO/VRCZ ratio in patients with CRP levels of less than 40 mg/L (standardized regression coefficients (SRC) = 0.448, −0.301, and 0.390, respectively; all p < .05). With regard to the concentration of VRCZ itself, in addition to the above factors, the presence of the NR1I2 rs7643645 G/G and rs3814055 T/T genotypes were found to be independent factors influencing the VRCZ C0h in these patients (SRC = −0.430, 0.424, −0.326, 0.406 and −0.455, respectively; all p < .05). On the contrary, in patients with CRP levels of at least 40 mg/L, no independent factors were found to affect VNO/VRCZ and VRCZ C0h. Inflammatory responses, and CYP2C19 and NR1I2 polymorphisms may be useful information for the individualization of VRCZ dosages.
Bio‐Derived and Cost‐Effective Membranes with High Selectivity for Redox Flow Batteries Based on Host–Guest Chemistry
Authors: Gao Li , Ding Yu , He Gaohong , Yu Guihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) stand out as a promising energy storage system to solve the grid interconnection problems of renewable energy. Membranes play a critical role in regulating the performance of RFBs, and the selectivity is commonly controlled via either size exclusion or Donnan exclusion. Membranes typically account for 40% of the stack cost of RFBs, and it is essential to develop cost‐effective membranes with high selectivity to achieve widespread application. Here, a type of membrane composed of highly abundant materials derived in nature, based on a scalable fabrication process, is reported. Moreover, high selectivity is achieved attributed to the host–guest interactions between membranes and redox species, which effectively alleviate the crossover of redox‐active molecules. By incorporating starch into a chitosan matrix for zinc‐iodine RFBs, the highly selective recognition of starch and chitosan (host) toward triiodide (guest) builds a “wall” to block the triiodide‐based active materials, meanwhile, the conducting properties of such a membrane are not compromised. The proof‐of‐concept battery delivers a Coulombic efficiency of 98.6% and energy efficiency of 77.4% at a current density of 80 mA cm–2, showing the promise of such a novel and cost‐effective membrane design beyond traditional selectivity chemistry.
The strategy guidance of business English intercultural communication based on blockchain security and genetic algorithms
Authors: Zhang Baicheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith more and more frequent exchanges between countries, English as an international language has received more attention, especially the concept of “global village” proposed in recent years, which has narrowed the distance between countries. As a communication tool, business English is often used in cross‐cultural communication, and this article aims to analyze the misuse of business English in cross‐cultural communication. This paper proposes a language error analysis system based on blockchain security technology, which is based on blockchain security technology, which can well guarantee the security in business communication. It also proposes an optimization strategy based on genetic algorithm, which greatly improves the effect and efficiency of the system. The experimental results show that the system can more accurately detect language errors in business English communication. In the 22 scenes surveyed, only 3 scenes have mistakes, and in the scenes of mistakes, the accuracy rate can reach more than 90%. This shows that the system can provide support for cross‐cultural communication in business English, and can accurately and efficiently complete business English language errors.
Supporting Newcomer English Learners During Remote Learning
Authors: Frantz Laura , Protacio Maria Selena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, the authors describe an English as a Second Language (ESL) teacher's attempt to provide more personalized support for her elementary English learners (ELs) during remote learning. The authors provide an in‐depth description of using voice recorders, a low‐tech and inexpensive device, to mitigate barriers and promote English development and literacy skills for ELs. They then describe the benefits of using this tool and provide ideas on how to extend the use of voice recorders for ELs during traditional instruction.
Structural Evolution and Photoluminescence Properties of Two‐dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Ma Yue‐Yu , Pan Hong‐Mei , Li Dong‐Yang , Wu Shuang , Jing Zhihong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, by using different size of organic molecules as cation templates, we prepared four new two‐dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites, [PrPipz]PbBr4(1), [DMEDA]PbBr4(2), [TMEDA]0.5[DMA]PbCl4(3) and [TMA]4Pb3Cl10(4). Under the distinct structural directing effects of organic cations, compounds1–4present four different types of 2D inorganic layers. Remarkably, compounds1,3and4exhibit broadband blue emissions, while compound2exhibits broadband yellow emission upon the excitation of UV light at room temperature. This work paves a way to modulate the crystal structure and photoluminescent property of low‐dimensional halide perovskite via structural modulation strategy from the molecular level.
Who Is Left Out? Inequalities in Higher Education Admissions and Placements in Portugal
Authors: Sá Carla , Tavares Orlanda , Sin Cristina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough the number of places available in Portuguese public higher education institutions is higher than the number of candidates, some applicants are still left out. Moreover, for those who get a place, inequalities are evident in the admission to the most selective institutions and programmes. This chapter aims to (i) identify and characterise the group of unsuccessful applicants; (ii) analyse the probability of a student being placed in his/her preferred programme; and (iii) examine socioeconomic inequalities in the acces to the most selective programmes. Findings reveal that female candidates, those with the lowest grade point average and those who live in the biggest cities, Porto and Lisbon, are most likely to be among the unsuccessful applicants, which suggests inequalities in access to higher education. Inequalities are also embedded within higher education, as access to universities and more selective study programmes seems to be easier for students whose parents hold higher education qualifications.
Challenges in enabling user control over algorithm-based services
Authors: König Pascal D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlgorithmic systems that provide services to people by supporting or replacing human decision-making promise greater convenience in various areas. The opacity of these applications, however, means that it is not clear how much they truly serve their users. A promising way to address the issue of possible undesired biases consists in giving users control by letting them configure a system and aligning its performance with users’ own preferences. However, as the present paper argues, this form of control over an algorithmic system demands an algorithmic literacy that also entails a certain way of making oneself knowable: users must interrogate their own dispositions and see how these can be formalized such that they can be translated into the algorithmic system. This may, however, extend already existing practices through which people are monitored and probed and means that exerting such control requires users to direct a computational mode of thinking at themselves.
A drilling case study in polymer composites reinforced by virgin and recycled carbon fibres (CFRP and rCFRP) to analyse thrust force and torque
Authors: Geier Norbert , Poór Dániel István , Pereszlai Csongor , Tamás-Bényei Péter , Xu Jinyang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA great deal of attention is currently paid to recycling or reusing carbon fibres, as it improves sustainability and the lifetime of carbon products. The applicability of recycled carbon fibre–reinforced polymer (rCFRP) composite materials is supported by the results of material scientists; however, the machinability of rCFRPs has not been analysed yet. The machinability of virgin and rCFRPs was compared by analysing cutting force and torque in drilling. Six different CFRPs (virgin and recycled CFRPs with different reinforcing structures) were drilled at three feed levels using two different solid carbide cutting tools. The cutting force and torque were measured with a KISTLER 9257BA dynamometer, processed, and analysed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The experimental results proved at a significance level of 0.05 that the recycled/virgin status of the applied CFRPs significantly influences both the thrust force and drilling torque of each CFRP. Furthermore, the cutting force and torque are higher in rCFRPs than in virgin CFRPs at each reinforcing structure. The present study suggests spreading rCFRP applications, as there are no essential barriers against them from the point of view of drilling force and torque.
On the Fourier dimension of (d, k)-sets and Kakeya sets with restricted directions
Authors: Fraser Jonathan M. , Harris Terence L. J. , Kroon Nicholas G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA (d, k)-set is a subset of$$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rdcontaining ak-dimensional unit ball of all possible orientations. Using an approach of D. Oberlin we prove various Fourier dimension estimates for compact (d, k)-sets. Our main interest is in restricted (d, k)-sets, where the set only contains unit balls with a restricted set of possible orientations$$\Gamma $$Γ. In this setting our estimates depend on the Hausdorff dimension of$$\Gamma $$Γand can sometimes be improved if additional geometric properties of$$\Gamma $$Γare assumed. We are led to consider cones and prove that the cone in$$\mathbb {R}^{d+1}$$Rd+1has Fourier dimension$$d-1$$d-1, which may be of interest in its own right.