bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: A comprehensive review from cells to bedside
Authors: Bagheri Bahador , Yaribeygi Habib , Taherifard Erfan , Talasaz Azita Hajhossein , Bagheri Haleh , Darban Mahboubeh , Tabrizi Reza , Najafi Siamak , Khodadost Mahmoud , Akbari Maryam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2is) are oral medications approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, during recent years, they have been promisingly considered as new medications for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these new benefits are not fully understood. Thanks to the discovery of multiple modes of action, the simple picture about mechanisms of action of SGLT2is has become more and more complex. Besides their effects in diabetes, there is increasing evidence for their beneficial effects in heart failure and chronic kidney diseases. In addition, many studies have provided evidence for the fruitful effects of SGLT2is in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this study, we present mounting evidence for the complex action modes of SGLT2is and their current applications in clinical practice.
Community‐based monitoring, assessment and management of data‐limited inland fish stocks in North Rupununi, Guyana
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Edwards Kevin , George Susan , Joseph Elvis , James Samantha , David Oswin , Persaud Addevi , Watson L. Cynthia , Van Vliet Nathalie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInland fisheries are important for food security in communities around the world, especially in developing countries. In North Rupununi, Guyana, the state of exploited stocks is poorly understood, and fishery monitoring and assessment are challenging because diverse fishing gears and target species are distributed across a heterogeneous landscape. This complexity created an opportunity for community‐based monitoring (CBM) to support data‐limited assessment. Standardised CBM was established for the North Rupununi as part of a new inland fisheries management plan initiated by indigenous community groups with support from the government. Quantitative length‐based assessments undertaken for target stocks suggested moderate levels of exploitation consistent with local perception. Our study highlights that local experts and community participants with different levels of training can collect accurate biodiversity data. Further development of CBM is important in North Rupununi. We recommend using local ecological knowledge indicators to track spatial and temporal patterns in exploitation and fish stock status.
Wangye practices online: From burning effigy vessels to digital networks
Authors: Lim Alvin Eng Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores the performance of a transnational network of Wangye practices, spirits, technologies, vessels, and Sinophone communities. The Wangye belief, a Fujianese popular religion performed in mainland China, Southeast Asia and Taiwan, remains widely performed. The article begins with an account of watching a YouTube recording of the live stream video of the Donggang Ying Wang religious festival in 2018. Culminating in the deity's sending off at the seaside and the burning of the NT$7 million Wangye's Boat, the video of the burning vessel remains archived online. Similarly in Malaysia, Yong Chuan Tian Temple performed the ‘Wangkang Ceremony’ in 2020, which also featured an elaborate construction of a vessel and its eventual burning. Streamed and recorded online, viewers can now witness the revelation of spirits through the conversion of material vessels into ash,smoke, and digital video. These digital enactments of religious vessels articulate a new religious re‐composition that includes religious and non‐religious social actors, machines, and gods, bringing old frontiers of nation and diaspora into contact.
A relative answer to the growth–saving puzzle
Authors: Gruber Noam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProlonged rapid growth, that is, the ‘catching‐up’ process through which countries close the gap to the development frontier, is known to be accompanied by high rates of household saving. This phenomenon is central in explaining the direction of international capital flows and trade imbalances in the past several decades, yet it is very much in contradiction to prevailing macroeconomic theory. This paper finds that a standard life‐cycle model, even when integrated with uncertainty about future growth and with credit constraints, is completely unable to replicate the relations between growth and saving, represented by three stylized facts gleaned from the empirical literature. However, adding utility from relative consumption to the model allows for the full replication of these relations.
What sort of workplace democracy can democratic management achieve in China?
Authors: Huang Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe year 2022 marks the 10th anniversary of the adoption of democratic management (DM) provisions in China. DM, once predominant in state‐owned enterprises, has now been extended to all enterprises. Democratising workplaces in China represents institutional experimentation. Both DM‐related research and practice thus require updating. Ten years on, a social consensus on DM's orientation and legitimacy remains elusive. Can expanding DM inspire industrial democracy or strengthen Party control over market‐oriented workplaces? Or is DM merely window dressing as previous studies suggest? This article aims to uncover the type of workplace democracy that DM can achieve in China. A triangle of DM is established and integrated with institutional theory as an analytical framework to explore the causes and characteristics of DM in six case companies.
Impact of sustained hypertension on new cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: KAMOGAWA‐HBP study
Authors: Yoshimura Takashi , Ushigome Emi , Hata Shinnosuke , Takegami Maya , Hasegawa Goji , Tanaka Toru , Tsunoda Sei , Ohnishi Masayoshi , Yokota Isao , Ushigome Hidetaka , Kitagawa Nobuko , Asano Mai , Hamaguchi Masahide , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have previously shown that masked hypertension (MH) and sustained hypertension (SH) contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Although the risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular events in MH and SH is significantly higher than that in normotension and white coat hypertension, the role of MH or SH in cardiovascular events has never been reported in studies specific to diabetic patients. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine whether blood pressure control status contributes to the development of new cardiovascular events. A longitudinal study of 1082 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and no history of cardiovascular events was conducted. Patients were instructed to have their blood pressure measured three times, every morning and evening, for 14 consecutive days. Hypertension status was classified into four groups based on the systolic blood pressure measurements in the clinic and at home. The primary endpoint was the first cardiovascular event. After a median follow‐up of 7.0 (interquartile range, 4.0–9.0) years, 119 patients developed cardiovascular events. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for the risk of developing cardiovascular events was significantly higher in the SH group than in the controlled blood pressure group (1.63 [1.02–2.59]). SH is a useful predictor of cardiovascular events. Both at home and in the clinic, blood pressure monitoring should be assessed in routine clinical practice to predict future cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
In vitro assessment of activated charcoal‐based dental products
Authors: Emídio Andrey Gonçalves , Silva Vitória Fraga Fogaça Melo e , Ribeiro Edgar Pedreiro , Zanin Gabriela Torres , Lopes Murilo Baena , Guiraldo Ricardo Danil , Berger Sandrine Bittencourt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveAssess the effects of activated charcoal‐based products on whitening and changes on dental enamel surface.Material and MethodsFifty‐two blocks of bovine dental enamel were randomly distributed in four groups (n = 13): brushing with activated charcoal‐based powder (PW); brushing with activated charcoal‐based dentifrice (AC); brushing with a conventional dentifrice containing 1450 ppm of fluoride (CD); and whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). Color, microhardness, and surface alteration were analyzed at baseline and after 14 days of treatment. Three samples per group were randomly selected and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the morphology.ResultsPW exhibited greater color change for the ΔE00, ΔWID, Δb* and ΔL* parameters than other groups (p < 0.05). After treatment, microhardness decreased in AC and CP groups (p < 0.05). Also, PW and AC groups showed more surface alteration than CD and CP (p < 0.001). Changes in the morphology of dental enamel were observed by SEM in PW and AC groups.ConclusionActivated charcoal‐based products showed a lower whitening effect than 10% carbamide peroxide. These products also influenced dental enamel microhardness, resulting in greater surface alteration.Clinical SignificanceActivated charcoal‐based products promoted minimum whitening effects with significant enamel surface alteration. The 10% carbamide peroxide was more effective for whitening and caused slight enamel surface alteration.
Scale‐dependent and risky returns to savings: Consequences for optimal capital taxation
Authors: Zanoutene Eddy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractI present a model of optimal capital taxation where agents with heterogeneous labor productivity randomly draw their rate of return to savings. Because of scale dependence, the distribution of rates of returns can depend on the amount saved. Uncertainty in returns to savings yields an insurance rationale for taxing capital on top of labor income. I first show that, because of scale dependence, agents making the same saving decision should access the same rate of return at the optimum. I then constrain the information set of the government and show that, as soon as return are uncertain, positive capital income taxation is needed at the optimum. The optimal linear tax on capital income trades off insurance with distortions to both savings and to the rate of return in a context of scale dependence. Eventually, I argue that scale dependence in and of itself is not sufficient to justify capital taxation on top of labor income taxes. These results are still valid when agents can optimize between a risk‐free and a risky‐asset that can both exhibit scale dependence.
The pathway of melatonin biosynthesis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhang Yueqi , Yin Huanran , Liu Wei , Hu Xin , Li Dongqin , Lan Caixia , Gao Lifeng , He Zhonghu , Cui Fa , Fernie Alisdair R. , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMelatonin (Mel) is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In plants, the biosynthesis of Mel from tryptophan (Trp) has been delineated to comprise of four consecutive reactions. However, while the genes encoding these enzymes in rice are well characterized no systematic evaluation of the overall pathway has, as yet, been published for wheat. In the current study, the relative contents of six Mel‐pathway‐intermediates including Trp, tryptamine (Trm), serotonin (Ser), 5‐methoxy tryptamine (5M‐Trm), N‐acetyl serotonin (NAS) and Mel, were determined in 24 independent tissues spanning the lifetime of wheat. These studies indicated that Trp was the most abundant among the six metabolites, followed by Trm and Ser. Next, the candidate genes expressing key enzymes involved in the Mel pathway were explored by means of metabolite‐based genome‐wide association study (mGWAS), wherein two TDC genes, a T5H gene and one SNAT gene were identified as being important for the accumulation of Mel pathway metabolites. Moreover, a 463‐bp insertion within the T5H gene was discovered that may be responsible for variation in Ser content. Finally, a ASMT gene was found via sequence alignment against its rice homolog. Validations of these candidate genes were performed by in vitro enzymatic reactions using proteins purified following recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, transient gene expression in tobacco, and transgenic approaches in wheat. Our results thus provide the first comprehensive investigation into the Mel pathway metabolites, and a swift candidate gene identification via forward‐genetics strategies, in common wheat.
Clinic‐level differences in human papillomavirus vaccination rates among rural and urban Oregon primary care clinics
Authors: Hatch Brigit A. , Valenzuela Steele , Darden Paul M. , Fagnan Lyle J. , Dickinson Caitlin , Marino Miguel , Robison Steve G. , Larsen Rex , Carney Patricia A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributes to vaccine‐preventable malignancies. Rural populations experience lower HPV vaccination rates despite similar rates of other childhood vaccinations. Individual‐ and clinic‐level characteristics likely contribute to this disparity, but little is known about the separate roles of each. We compared clinic‐level HPV vaccination rates among rural versus urban primary care clinics, identified factors associated with HPV vaccination, and separately assessed the impact of individual‐ and clinic‐level characteristics on rural disparities in HPV vaccination.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 537 Oregon primary care clinics participating in the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program during 2019. Vaccination status was assessed using Oregon's ALERT Immunization Information System and included HPV vaccine ≥ 1 dose for ages 11 and 12; HPV vaccination up to date (UTD) for ages 13‐17, and coadministration with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap). Rural versus urban clinic‐level outcomes were assessed using negative binomial regression.FindingsParticipating clinics were 24.5% rural and 75.6% urban. Family medicine clinics comprised 71.1%; pediatrics, 16.9%; and mixed, 12.1%. Across clinics, the average proportion of patients qualifying for VFC was 43%, and non‐White patients were 14.1%. The mean rate of HPV vaccine ≥1 dose was lower among rural clinics (46.9% vs 51.1%, P = .039), as was vaccination UTD (40.5% vs 49.9%, P < .001). Adjusting for differences in individual‐ and clinic‐level characteristics, rural disparities were no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsBoth individual‐ and clinic‐level characteristics play a role in rural disparities in HPV vaccination, and modifiable clinic‐level differences may be opportune targets to address these disparities.
Respiration and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep substructure: short versus long episodes
Authors: Hammer Maximilian , Jung Felix , Brankačk Jurij , Yanovsky Yevgenij , Tort Adriano B. L. , Draguhn Andreas 
Published: November 2022

SummaryRapid eye movement (REM) sleep in rodents is defined by the presence of theta rhythm in the absence of movement. The amplitude and frequency of theta oscillations have been used to distinguish between tonic and phasic REM sleep. However, tonic REM sleep has not been further subdivided, although characteristics of network oscillations such as cross‐frequency coupling between theta and gamma vary within this sub‐state. Recently, it has been shown that theta–gamma coupling depends on an optimal breathing rate of ~5 Hz. The frequency of breathing varies strongly throughout REM sleep, and the duration of single REM sleep episodes ranges from several seconds to minutes, whereby short episodes predominate. Here we studied the relation between breathing frequency, accelerometer activity, and the length of REM sleep periods. We found that small movements detected with three‐dimensional accelerometry positively correlate with breathing rate. Interestingly, breathing is slow in short REM sleep episodes, while faster respiration regimes exclusively occur after a certain delay in longer REM sleep episodes. Thus, merging REM sleep episodes of different lengths will result in a predominance of slow respiration due to the higher occurrence of short REM sleep periods. Moreover, our results reveal that not only do phasic REM sleep epochs predominantly occur during long REM sleep episodes, but that the long episodes also have faster theta and higher gamma activity. These observations suggest that REM sleep can be further divided from a physiological point of view depending on its duration. Higher levels of arousal during REM sleep, indicated by higher breathing rates, can only be captured in long REM sleep episodes.
Antimicrobials in dog‐to‐dog bite wounds: A retrospective study of 1526 dog bite events (1999‐2019)
Authors: Kalnins Nicole J. , Gibson Justine S. , Stewart Allison J. , Croton Catriona , Purcell Sarah L. , Rajapaksha Bandula , Haworth Mark 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dog‐to‐dog bite wounds (DBW) are common, few studies worldwide have evaluated antimicrobial usage patterns or appropriateness of use.ObjectivesReport frequency and results of DBW cultures, including antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Determine the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials and their appropriateness for the treatment of DBW, and if antimicrobial importance is associated with wound severity, clinic type or year.AnimalsOne thousand five hundred twenty‐six dog bite events involving 1436 dogs presenting with DBW from 3 Australian university clinics from 1999 to 2019.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records were reviewed for presenting signs, culture and susceptibility testing, antimicrobial treatment, and outcome. A partial proportional odds model was used to determine if use of higher importance antimicrobials was associated with wound severity, clinic, or year.ResultsAntimicrobials were prescribed in 88.1% (1344/1526) of DBW. Amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid was prescribed in 73.4% (1121/1526) of dogs, followed by first‐generation cephalosporins, 18.1% (277/1526). Of a total of 1647 antimicrobial prescriptions, underdosing occurred in 13.4% for AMC (220/1647) and 26.1% (81/310) of dogs prescribed first generation cephalosporins. There was an association between the increased use of high‐importance antimicrobials and wound severity (P < .001), antimicrobial polytherapy (P < .001) and year (P < .001). The odds of the clinic with specialists prescribing high‐importance antimicrobials compared to those of medium importance for DBW was 82% less than that of a semi‐rural, mixed and general practice. Culture and susceptibility (C&S) testing was performed in 1.8% of dogs.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceEmpirical use of amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid was common for DBW. Increasing wound severity was associated with greater use of high‐importance antimicrobials. While C&S testing was rarely performed, routine susceptibility profiles are recommended to optimize antimicrobial stewardship.
A critical review of children's culinary nutrition interventions, the methodologies used and their impact on dietary, psychosocial and wellbeing outcomes
Authors: Lavelle Fiona 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiet quality has been associated with numerous health outcomes, resulting in nutrition education to improve children's diet quality. Culinary nutrition interventions have been emphasised as a promising approach for enhancing children's food preferences and behaviours. Recently, there has been an increase in such interventions, and it is essential to understand their effectiveness and the specific methods used. Therefore, this review aimed to critically investigate methodological approaches in a range of children's culinary nutrition interventions and experiments. A secondary aim was to investigate the impact of these interventions on dietary, psychosocial and wellbeing outcomes. A systematic and pragmatic search strategy was developed and implemented using two electronic databases. Data extraction of the relevant content of eligible studies and a narrative synthesis were conducted. A total of 12 312 articles were identified from the search and 38 studies on children's culinary nutrition interventions or experiments were included. Most studies (n = 25) were conducted in North America. Only two studies had an RCT design. Less than half the studies (n = 16) used an underpinning theory, model or framework. Only four studies conducted sample size calculations. Some validated measurement tools were used. Despite the methodological concerns, most studies found some positive changes in dietary and/or psychosocial outcomes, while only two studies assessed wellbeing. Therefore, the area warrants further in‐depth research anchored in methodological rigor to strengthen the validity of the research. The strengthening of the evidence in children's culinary nutrition could have a significant beneficial impact on public health if it resulted in widespread interventions and, in the long‐term, reduce the impact on health systems.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rapado‐González Óscar , Costa‐Fraga Nicolás , Bao‐Caamano Aida , López‐Cedrún José Luis , Álvarez‐Rodríguez Roberto , Crujeiras Ana Belén , Muinelo‐Romay Laura , López‐López Rafael , Díaz‐Lagares Ángel , Suárez‐Cunqueiro María Mercedes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo provide a comprehensive characterization of DNA methylome of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and identify novel tumor‐specific DNA methylation markers for early detection using saliva.Material and MethodsGenome‐wide DNA methylation analysis including six OTSCC matched adjacent non‐tumoral tissue and saliva was performed using Infinium MethylationEPIC array. Differentially methylated levels of selected genes in our OTSCC cohort were further validated using OTSCC methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). The methylation levels of a set of tumor‐specific hypermethylated genes associated with a downregulated expression were evaluated in saliva. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the diagnostic value of DNA methylation markers.ResultsA total of 25,890 CpGs (20,505 hypomethylated and 5385 hypermethylated) were differentially methylated (DMCpGs) between OTSCC and adjacent non‐tumoral tissue. Hypermethylation of 11 tumor‐specific genes was validated in OTSCC TCGA cohort. Of these 11 genes, A2BP1, ANK1, ALDH1A2, GFRA1, TTYH1, and PDE4B were also hypermethylated in saliva. These six salivary methylated genes showed high diagnostic accuracy (≥0.800) for discriminating patients from controls.ConclusionsThis is the first largest genome‐wide DNA methylation study on OTSCC that identifies a group of novel tumor‐specific DNA methylation markers with diagnostic potential in saliva.