bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychological impact of COVID-19’s e-learning digital tools on Jordanian university students’ well-being
Authors: Al-Salman Saleh , Haider Ahmad S. , Saed Hadeel 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This study aims to depict and probe into the building tension, stress and depression to which Jordanian university students have been vulnerable after the compulsory shift to online learning and their prolonged use of digital tools.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers used a five-construct questionnaire, namely, use of digital tools in e-learning, sleeping habits, social interaction, psychological reactions and academic performance, to elicit the responses of university students in Jordan concerning the psychological impact of COVID-19’s e-learning digital tools on their well-being. In total, 775 university-level students representing Jordanian public and private universities were asked to fill in the questionnaire, and their responses were statistically analyzed.

Findings
The results showed that the prolonged use of digital tools, lack of face-to-face interaction and heavy load of assignments have led to anxiety, change of sleeping habit, distraction and a stress-building environment, perhaps resulting in depression. This was aggravated by COVID-19’s strict regulatory measures of social distancing, lockdowns, health threats and eroding family income. The prolonged and escalating social, psychological, loss of affection and worsening economic conditions have increased the number of psychological disorders and a drop in students’ academic performance.

Practical implications
This study is useful for educational leaders and policymakers, providing guidance and insights on how higher education institutions can support students’ mental health and psychological well-being, especially in times of crisis. Consequently, the higher education sector should be prepared to function more efficiently and effectively in future emergency situations.

Originality/value
While different studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the education sector globally, little attention has been given to developing countries in the Middle East. By focusing on the Jordanian example, the present study will fill a gap in the research endeavors addressing the prolonged use of e-learning digital tools.
Social marketing AS pedagogy
Authors: Kennedy Ann-Marie , Veer Ekant , Kemper Joya Ananda 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to share the use of social marketing as pedagogy and provide a transformative social marketing pedagogy for social marketing educators. By this, the authors mean the same principles used by social marketers to improve the well-being of a person or group are used as a pedagogic tool to bolster students’ learning and understanding of social marketing. In the described course, students are asked to choose one area of their lives to try and change using concepts taught to them in class. They are then asked to reflect on their personal change journey and apply it to others in the form of a social marketing plan.Design/methodology/approachThe authors share a conceptual journey using social marketing as pedagogy following the evolution of a marketing for behavioural change undergraduate course. Benchmark criteria for social marketing are used to discuss and conceptualise a transformative social marketing pedagogy. The authors take a reflexive approach to explore course development, motivations, assumptions and activities to expand on their approach.FindingsSocial marketing as pedagogy suggests that behaviour change is not just taught through course content but also embedded throughout the course as a learning tool and outcome. A social marketing course can encourage individual behaviour change by asking students to critically reflect on their own behaviour change journey to fully experience and understand the underpinnings and implications for social marketing. In this way, the authors adopt transformative learning as the outcome of social marketing AS pedagogy. The authors suggest through experiential learning, including active learning and reflexivity, students are able to change their frame of reference or how they interpret the world around them, in regard to complex social issues, which may encourage behaviour change.Originality/valueAs social marketers, the authors must reflect not only on what they teach students (Kelly, 2013) but also on how they teach them. Previous literature has not provided any unique pedagogy for how to teach social marketing. This article provides the first pedagogy for social marketing education – the Transformative social marketing pedagogy which views social marketing AS pedagogy. The authors present the value of experiential learning as a three-pronged approach incorporating Interpretive Experiences, Transformative Experiences and developing Praxis, which includes elements of feeding forward and authentic assessment. This approach provides a unique contribution to the area by providing a pedagogical approach that goes beyond mere knowledge acquisition to transformative learning.
Information-seeking behaviour of students at a Caribbean University during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nelson Karlene Saundria , Tugwell Yolanda V. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study investigated how students of the Faculties of Humanities and Education and Social Sciences at a Caribbean University sought information during the COVID-19 pandemic, identified challenges they experienced in seeking information for academic tasks and how satisfied they were with the Library's provision of electronic resources and services during this period.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey design was adopted for this study. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.FindingsThis study revealed that undergraduates relied upon lecture notes to complete assignments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Undergraduate students have developed a definite information-seeking pattern, which did not change during the pandemic. They tend to use information channels that require the least effort. Postgraduate students used a variety of Library information channels but primarily used electronic journals. On the whole, students experienced challenges while seeking information via the channels provided by the Library. Students were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the Library's provision of electronic resources and services.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used non-probability sampling and only included students from two faculties at one university. As a result, the findings may not be generalized to the entire student population or all Caribbean universities.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can be used to identify the difficulties students are having in accessing information from the Library and gauge service delivery.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the scholarship from the Caribbean written to show whether students' information-seeking behaviour changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
(Un)ethical behaviors of police officers in South Korea: a structural equation analysis
Authors: Lee Seungmug (Zech) , Joo Jae-Jin , Kwon Hye-Rim , Lee Jae-Seung , Rodriguez John J. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims examine to what extent four variable categories of individual ethical ideology, organizational ethical culture, superior's ethical quality and job satisfaction (JS) are causally linked to personal (un)ethical behaviors among South Korean police officers.Design/methodology/approachWith a stratified sampling technique, 687 surveys were collected from 16 major local police headquarters across the nation. The reliability and validity of the variables were checked. The structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsIdealism, principlism, utilitarianism and JS have a negative influence on unethical behaviors, whereas superior's unethical standards are positively associated with unethical behaviors.Practical implicationsThe findings can be applied as a reference to improve ethical framework to promote behaviors by enriching the higher level of personal ethical ideology, superior's ethical quality and principlism and utilitarianism by adding an ethics training course to the continuing education program for all officers and developing further education programs for police leadership to raise ethical awareness and quality.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, the study is among the first studies with four comprehensive categories of relevant variables and adds understanding to (un)ethical behaviors of police officers.
Framing Belgian police research: an exploration of scoping reviews regarding police decision-making in terms of topics, methodology and literature characteristics – toward a research agenda
Authors: Feys Yinthe , Verhage Antoinette , Stevens Anse 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis article provides an overview of the latest empirical research regarding police decision-making in Belgium from 2000 to 2021 in terms of methodology and general findings (e.g. types and year of publication, topics studied). Recommendations are given concerning police research and the development of a research agenda.Design/methodology/approachFourteen separate and limited scoping reviews regarding police decision-making topics were carried out by students in criminology and law. All scoping reviews followed the same procedure.FindingsSeventy-nine unique publications are included in the analyses. These show that police violence is most frequently studied, whereas violence against the police was only included in one publication. Empirical research on bodycams and (social) media was not found. Most of the studies followed a quantitative research design, mainly by means of secondary data analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThe scoping reviews are limited in scope and were carried out by different students, potentially leading to variable interpretations and selections. Additionally, the conclusions are partly the result of the developed review protocols (e.g. keywords, databases).Originality/valueThis article combines 14 different scoping reviews, following the same procedure, on subtopics regarding police decision-making and thus enabling comparison of the literature found in a consistent way.
Institutions and inward foreign direct investment in the primary sectors
Authors: Rygh Asmund , Torgersen Kristine , Benito Gabriel R.G. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Well-functioning institutions are repeatedly claimed to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) by reducing the costs and uncertainty of economic activity. Nonetheless, it has been argued that institutions may matter less for FDI in the primary sector. This study aims to theoretically and empirically investigate the role of institutions for attracting FDI in agricultural and in extractive activities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses worldwide country and sector-level data on inward FDI for the period 1996–2007. The key independent variables, property rights protection, corruption and democracy, are measured using World Bank Governance Indicators and Polity IV as data sources. Fixed effect panel regression, Tobit regression and generalized method of moments are used for data analysis.

Findings
The authors corroborate the importance of institutions for aggregate FDI. Disaggregating by primary subsector, the authors find that agricultural FDI, like aggregate FDI, is attracted by institutional features such as rule of law and property rights protection and democracy, whereas extractive FDI is not. The authors also find some evidence that corruption deters FDI in both primary subsectors.

Originality/value
The authors take a first step toward linking the largely empirical institutions-FDI literature more closely with the economics-based theoretical discussions of FDI risk grounded on a property rights approach, to discuss issues such as effective control rights over investments, which may vary between sectors. The authors also explore a novel idea that extractive activities may be less sensitive to institutions because the time horizon is limited by the depletion of the resource, resulting in an inherently relatively short-term commitment to a host-country location.
Well-being as a staged social responsibility process: exploratory testing of a new theory
Authors: Newey Lance Richard , Torres de Oliveira Rui , Mishra Archana 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to extend the conceptualization of well-being as a staged social responsibility process by undertaking further conceptual development of these ideas as well as exploratory, small-scale international testing.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprised 117 leaders from Alaska, India and Norway. Cluster analysis was used to determine systematic differences in the way leaders think about societal well-being (well-being action logics), and regression analysis was used to test positive and significant relationships between well-being action logics and stages of consciousness.

Findings
Cluster analysis confirmed the three theoretically derived well-being action logics of top managers: compensatory, integral and hybrid. The authors found preliminary empirical support for a systematic relationship between well-being action logics and stages of consciousness as per constructive-developmental theory.

Practical implications
Better adoption of societal well-being as a normative ethic hinges on building the capacity of top managers to process more complex understandings of the range of components of societal well-being and how these components interact, conflict and synergize.

Social implications
Being asked to embrace more complex views about societal well-being can be overwhelming, leading top managers to retreat into defensiveness. The result is resistance to change, preferring instead to stay with familiar yet outmoded conceptions. Societal well-being can thus suffer.

Originality/value
This paper opens the black box to find systematic differences in the way managers think about societal well-being. Further, the research has uncovered that these differences follow a staged developmental process of greater complexity.
Image splicing detection using discriminative robust local binary pattern and support vector machine
Authors: Akram Arslan , Ramzan Saba , Rasool Akhtar , Jaffar Arfan , Furqan Usama , Javed Wahab 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a novel splicing detection method using a discriminative robust local binary pattern (DRLBP) with a support vector machine (SVM). Reliable detection of image splicing is of growing interest due to the extensive utilization of digital images as a communication medium and the availability of powerful image processing tools. Image splicing is a commonly used forgery technique in which a region of an image is copied and pasted to a different image to hide the original contents of the image.

Design/methodology/approach
The structural changes caused due to splicing are robustly described by DRLBP. The changes caused by image forgery are localized, so as a first step, localized description is divided into overlapping blocks by providing an image as input. DRLBP descriptor is calculated for each block, and the feature vector is created by concatenation. Finally, features are passed to the SVM classifier to predict whether the image is genuine or forged.

Findings
The performance and robustness of the method are evaluated on public domain benchmark data sets and achieved 98.95% prediction accuracy. The results are compared with state-of-the-art image splicing finding approaches, and it shows that the performance of the proposed method is improved using the given technique.

Originality/value
The proposed method is using DRLBP, an efficient texture descriptor, which combines both corner and inside design detail in a single representation. It produces discriminative and compact features in such a way that there is no need for the feature selection process to drop the redundant and insignificant features.
Extended application of the rapid post‐mortem test kit for bovine spongiform encephalopathy to chronic wasting disease
Authors: Matsuura Yuichi , Miyazawa Kohtaro , Horiuchi Motohiro , Suzuki Akio , Yokoyama Mayumi , Imamura Morikazu , Ikeda Keigo , Iwamaru Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting cervid species primarily in the United States of America and Canada; however, it is now emerging in Scandinavian countries. Although CWD cases have not been reported in Japan, in case of a CWD outbreak occuring, it is critical to prepare for testing a large number of specimens. The present study showed that a rapid post‐mortem test kit, which is used for bovine spongiform encephalopathy surveillance in Japan, is valid for the detection of CWD prion.
Syntaxonomy and gradient analysis of common yew (Taxus baccataL.) communities in eastern Hyrcanian forests, northern Iran
Authors: Esmailzadeh Omid , Soofi Meysam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to outline syntaxonomical diversity of yew (Taxus baccataL.) in the eastern of Hyrcanian forests, Jahan Nama Protected Area (JNPA), and to identify their main environmental gradients. Vegetation units were classified using modified TWINSPAN (two‐way indicator species analysis) and were translated into syntaxonomic system. Syntaxa were determined by re‐arrangement of each relevé based on diagnostic species. Syntaxa were finally evaluated by diagnostic species and environmental parameters according to phi‐values and analysis of variance, respectively. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to visualize the dissimilarity of syntaxa and their relationships with the environmental factors. The classification of JNPA yew forests resulted in six vegetation units. These patterns were translated into four associations (Asso.), two sub‐associations (Subasso.) and two variants (Var.). (Asso.1)Fago orientalis‐Taxetum baccataeis found in northern aspects with lower slopes and higher soil depth; (Asso.2)Aceri velutini‐Taxetum baccataeis occurring in the moderate but rocky slopes. Asso.1 and Asso.2 are the same in altitude and involvingCarpinus betulusas a co‐dominant. (Asso.3)Carpino betuli‐Carpino orientalis‐Taxetum baccataedeveloped in the intermediate slopes. (Asso.4)Carpino orientalis‐Taxetum baccataeappeared in the highest slope of northeast and northwest aspects with shallow soil depth. The main factors determining the species composition of the JNPA syntaxa are slope, eastness, elevation, and clay content. Finally, we concluded that yew could be associated by different plant species with different ecological desirability in the eastern of Hyrcanian forests. This study also provided the specific pattern of forest community type betweenC. betulusandC. orientalisin the JNPA using species combination concept.
Transcriptome characterization and expression analysis related to sex‐determining genes in Chilo sacchariphagus (Lepidoptera Crambidae), a key pest of sugarcane
Authors: Liu Jianbai , Wu Han , Yi Jiequn , Li Jihu , Cheng Yinjie , Zhang Yifei , Sun Donglei , An Yuxing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChilo sacchariphagus is one of the most harmful pests of sugarcane, sorghum, corn, and other crops, in China and other countries and regions. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the sexually dimorphic development of C. sacchariphagus, transcriptome data of female and male adults were obtained. A total of 127,812,174 and 126,593,664 clean reads of males and females were arranged into 45,693 and 37,034 unigenes for males and females, respectively, 26,949 of which were annotated. Candidate genes involved in sexual development were identified and analysed. Statistical analysis revealed that 18,642 genes were differentially expressed in females and males, 9,307 of which were up‐regulated in males and 9,335 of which were up‐regulated in females. As indicated by GO classification, DEGs were mainly involved in cell part, cellular process and binding. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 6,037 DEGs were assigned to 295 metabolic pathways. Based on annotation and transcriptome data, we identified twenty‐two sex determining genes, of which Csactra2, Csacemc, Csacfru, Csacix, Csacovo, CsacdsxM, and Csacsxl showed a higher expression in males than that in females, while CsacgroX4, Csacfem, CsacgroX9, Csacmsl1, Csacmsl2, Csacmsl3, Csacotu, Csacvir, Csacrunt, and CsacdsxF were more highly expressed in female. In addition, Csactra2 and CsacgroX9 were enriched in Spliceosome, Notch signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways, respectively. And the pathways are crucial in regulating insect growth, differentiation and development. This transcriptome study provides rich and significant information regarding the genes involved in sex differentiation and determination, which would improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to sex determination and be helpful for providing the basis for a wide spectrum of strategies to benefit pest control and prevention, and agriculture and public health.
Localization, purification, and characterization of a novel β‐glucosidase from Hanseniaspora uvarum Yun268
Authors: Fan Tongtong , Jing Siyu , Zhang Hongyan , Yang Xiaobing , Jin Guojie , Tao Yongsheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstractβ‐Glucosidase is a key enzyme that hydrolyzes nonvolatile glycosylated precursors of aroma compounds and enhances the organoleptic quality of wines. In this study, a novel β‐glucosidase from Hanseniaspora uvarum Yun268 was localized, purified, and characterized. Results indicated that β‐glucosidase activity was mainly distributed within the cells. After purification via ammonium sulfate precipitation combined with chromatography, β‐glucosidase specific activity increased 8.36 times, and the activity recovery was 56.90%. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 74.22 kDa. It has a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.65 mmol/L, and a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 5.1 nmol/min under optimum conditions; and Km of 0.94 mmol/L, and Vmax of 2.8 nmol/min under typical winemaking conditions. It exhibited the highest activity at 50°C and pH 5.0 and was stable at a temperature range of 20–80°C and pH range of 3.0–8.0. The enzyme has good tolerance to Fe3+, especially maintaining 93.68% of its activity with 10 mmol/L of Fe3+. Ethanol (<20%) and glucose (<150 g/L) inhibited its activity only slightly. Therefore, β‐glucosidase from H. uvarum Yun268 has excellent biochemical properties and a good application potential in winemaking.Practical ApplicationWinemaking is a biotechnological process in which exogenous β‐glucosidase is used to overcome the deficiency of endogenous β‐glucosidase activity in grapes. By localizing, purifying, and characterizing of β‐glucosidase from Hanseniaspora uvarum Yun268, it is expected to reveal its physical and chemical characteristics to evaluate its oenological properties in winemaking. The results may provide the basis for promoting the release of varietal aroma and improving wine sensory quality in the wine industry.