bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Responses as Biomarkers of General Toxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Metal-Exposed Bivalves
Authors: Ekelund Ugge Gustaf M. O. , Sahlin Ullrika , Jonsson Annie , Berglund Olof 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Through a systematic review and a series of meta-analyses, we evaluated the general responsiveness of putative transcriptional biomarkers of general toxicity and chemical stress. We targeted metal exposures performed on bivalves under controlled laboratory conditions and selected six transcripts associated with general toxicity for evaluation: catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, heat shock proteins 70 and 90, metallothionein, and superoxide dismutase. Transcriptional responses (n = 396) were extracted from published scientific articles (k = 22) and converted to log response ratios (lnRRs). By estimating toxic units, we normalized different metal exposures to a common scale, as a proxy of concentration. Using Bayesian hierarchical random effect models, we then tested the effects of metal exposure on lnRR, both for metal exposure in general and in meta-regressions using toxic unit and exposure time as independent variables. Corresponding analyses were also repeated with transcript and tissue as additional moderators. Observed patterns were similar for general and for transcript- and tissue-specific responses. The expected overall response to arbitrary metal exposure was an lnRR of 0.50, corresponding to a 65% increase relative to a nonexposed control. However, when accounting for publication bias, the estimated “true” response showed no such effect. Furthermore, expected response magnitude increased slightly with exposure time, but there was little support for general monotonic concentration dependence with regard to toxic unit. Altogether, the present study reveals potential limitations that need consideration prior to applying the selected transcripts as biomarkers in environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:628–641. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Expected effect of metal exposure on putative transcriptional biomarkers, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis on bivalves. The overall response to arbitrary metal exposure was a 65 % relative increase, although this was inflated by publication bias. There was little support for monotonic concentration-dependence, but response magnitudes increased slightly with exposure time. Altogether, results revealed limitations that require consideration prior to application of these transcripts as biomarkers of general toxicity. lnRR = log response ratio; cat = catalase; gst = glutathione-S-transferase; hsp70/hsp90 = heat shock proteins 70 and 90; mt = metallothionein; sod = superoxide dismutase.
Cost comparison between open thyroid lobectomy and radiofrequency ablation for management of thyroid nodules
Authors: Miller Jonas R. , Tanavde Ved , Razavi Chris , Saraswathula Anirudh , Russell Jonathon O. , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increasing array of treatment options for addressing clinically significant thyroid nodules, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA). While effective, the cost compared to alternative approaches has not been well elucidated.MethodsThis study involved a retrospective chart review, focusing on variable direct cost (VDC) of each procedure, from April 2016 to January 2020. We analyzed costs for 53 open lobectomies and 16 RFA procedures.ResultsCost effectiveness depended on the simulated cost of the RFA probe. In comparison to open lobectomy, the VDC to perform RFA was $597 (19%) cheaper when the simulated probe cost was $1500 and $403 (13%) more expensive for a probe cost of $2500. Statistical significance was achieved for both these differences.ConclusionsIf cost per RFA probe can be less than $2100—the break‐even dollar amount between open lobectomy and RFA—there would be considerable cost savings for treating thyroid nodules.
Numerical investigation of natural convection in a square enclosure partially filled with horizontal layers of a porous medium
Authors: Abdulwahed Assma S. , Ali Luma F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional buoyancy‐induced flow and heat transfer inside a square enclosure partially occupied by copper metallic foam subjected to a symmetric side cooling and constant heat flux bottom heating was tested numerically. Finite Element Method was employed to solve the governing partial differential equations of the flow field and the Local Thermal Equilibrium model was used for the energy equation. The system boundaries were defined as lower heated wall by constant heat flux, cooled lateral walls, and insulated top wall. The three parameters elected to conduct the study are heater length (7 ≤ ζ ≤ 20 cm), constant heat flux (150 ≤ q″ ≤ 600 W m−2), and porous material thickness (5 ≤ H ≤ 20 cm). The porous material used was the copper metal foam of porosity = 0.9 and pore density PPI = 10, and saturated with a fluid of Prandtl number = 0.7. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that at the porous layer thickness = 5 cm, the rate of heat transferred was (74.6%) higher than when the layer height was 20 cm (the cavity is fully filled) and at the same thickness it was found that the heat rate is (51.4%) higher than when using the half filling (H = 10 cm). Further, the local and mean Nusselt number is maximum when using the largest heater size and smallest porous layer thickness. Finally, better circulation and convective modes were observed at high values of heat flux.
On the Definition of Chirality and Enantioselective Fields
Authors: Kishine Jun‐ichiro , Kusunose Hiroaki , Yamamoto Hiroshi M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn solid state physics, any symmetry breaking is known to be associated with emergence of an order parameter. However, the order parameter for molecular and crystal chirality, which is a consequence of parity and mirror symmetry breaking, has not been known since its discovery. In this article, the authors show that the order parameter for chirality can be defined by electric toroidal monopole
. By this definition, one becomes able to discuss external field that can distinguish two different enantiomers only by physical fields. In addition, dynamics and fluctuations of the order parameter
can be discussed, with which one can obtain fruitful insights on a spin filtering effect called CISS (Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity). Emergence of time‐reversal‐odd dipole
by time propagation of
quantities is discussed to explain the enantioselective effect (chiral resolution) at a ferromagnetic surface.
Treatment patterns and burden of complications associated with sickle cell disease: A US retrospective claims analysis
Authors: Manwani Deepa , Burnett Arthur L. , Paulose Jincy , Yen Glorian P. , Burton Tanya , Anderson Amy , Wang Sara , Lee Soyon , Saraf Santosh L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComplications associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) that are highly impactful for patients but until recently have been less understood include priapism, nephropathy, and neurologic injury. We conducted a retrospective study using US administrative claims data from July 01, 2013 through March 31, 2020 to analyze incidence of these complications, SCD treatment patterns, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs among 2524 pediatric and adult patients with SCD (mean [SD] age 43.4 [22.4] years). The most common treatments during follow‐up were short‐acting opioids (54.0% of patients), red blood cell transfusion (15.9%), and hydroxyurea (11.0%). SCD complications occurred frequently; in the overall population, the highest follow‐up incidences per 1000 person‐years were for acute kidney injury (53.1), chronic kidney disease (40.6), and stroke (39.0). Complications occurred across all age groups but increased in frequency with age; notably, acute kidney injury was 69.7 times more frequent among ages 65+ than ages 0–15 (p < 0.001). Follow‐up per‐patient‐per‐month HCRU also increased with age; however, all‐cause healthcare costs were similarly high for all age groups and were driven primarily by inpatient stays. Patients with SCD across the age spectrum have a high burden of complications with the use of current treatments, suggesting unmet needs for treatment management.
Synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted‐2H‐1‐benzopyrans using tetraphenylethylene‐based heterogeneous acidic organocatalyst and the evaluation of their binding interaction with human serum albumin
Authors: Kalita Gitumoni , Sarmah Sharat , Roy Atanu Singha , Chatterjee Paresh Nath 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted‐2H‐1‐benzopyrans from easily accessible tertiary propargylic alcohols and phenolic derivatives is described using a sulfonated tetraphenylethylene‐based hypercrosslinked polymer (THP‐SO3H) as the heterogeneous organocatalyst. The organocatalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused up to five consecutive cycles with nominal loss in catalytic efficiency. The binding interaction of the synthesized benzopyrans with human serum albumin was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking techniques.
Advances in The Application and Research of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in The Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Deng Xiyang , Duan Zhiqing , Fang Shaobo , Wang Shaowu 
Published: October 2022

Magnetic resonance diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can reflect microstructural changes in tissue through non‐Gaussian diffusion of water molecules. Compared to traditional diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), the DKI model has shown greater sensitivity for diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases and can help formulate more reasonable treatment plans. Moreover, DKI is an important auxiliary examination for evaluation of the motor function of the musculoskeletal system. This article briefly introduces the basic principles of DKI and reviews the application and research of DKI in the evaluation of disorders of the musculoskeletal system (including bone tumors, soft tissue tumors, spinal lesions, chronic musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal trauma, and developmental disorders) as well as the normal musculoskeletal tissues.Evidence Level5Technical Efficacy1
Structural brain substrates of the deficits observed on the BEARNI test in alcohol use disorder and Korsakoff's syndrome
Authors: Ritz Ludivine , Segobin Shailendra , Laniepce Alice , Lannuzel Coralie , Boudehent Céline , Vabret François , Urso Laurent , Pitel Anne Lise , Beaunieux Hélène 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChronic and excessive alcohol consumption can result in alcohol use disorder (AUD) without neurological complications and in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) when combined with thiamine deficiency. These two clinical forms are accompanied by widespread structural brain damage in both the fronto‐cerebellar (FCC) and Papez circuits (PC) as well as in the parietal cortex, resulting in cognitive and motor deficits. BEARNI is a screening tool especially designed to detect neuropsychological impairments in AUD. However, the sensitivity of this tool to the structural brain damage of AUD and KS patients remains unknown. Eighteen KS patients, 47 AUD patients and 27 healthy controls (HC) underwent the BEARNI test and a 3 T‐MRI examination. Multiple regression analyses conducted between GM density and performance on each BEARNI subtest revealed correlations with regions included in the FCC, PC, thalamus and posterior cortex (precuneus and calcarine regions). All these brain regions were altered in KS compared to HC, in agreement with the cognitive deficits observed in the corresponding BEARNI subtests. The comparison between KS and AUD regarding the GM density in the several nodes of the FCC and calcarine regions revealed that they were atrophied to the same extent, suggesting that BEARNI is sensitive to the severity of alcohol‐related GM abnormalities. Within the PC, the density of the cingulate cortex and thalamus, which correlated with the memory and fluency subscores, was smaller in KS than in AUD, suggesting that BEARNI is sensitive to specific brain abnormalities occurring in KS.
Karasek's activation hypothesis: A longitudinal test of within‐person relationships
Authors: Vangrieken Katrien , De Cuyper Nele , De Witte Hans 
Published: October 2022

SummaryKarasek's job demand‐control model has received considerable research attention. However, only a few studies have examined its activation hypothesis and two problems have emerged. First, the only consistent finding concerns the activating role of job control. Findings related to job demands and the interaction between control and demands are inconsistent. Second, a dynamic approach focusing on intrapersonal dynamics is lacking. This study proposes and tests a dynamic activation hypothesis using theory elaboration, combining construct specification (clarifying the nature of activation as fluctuations in self‐efficacy), vertical contrasting (distinguishing between‐ and within‐person effects), and structuring (proposing recursive relationships). Hypotheses were tested in three‐wave data (1755 teachers), analyzed using random intercept cross‐lagged panel analyses. The results differed at the between‐ and within‐person level. A baseline level of autonomy appeared essential (between‐level), but increases in autonomy over time do not predict increased self‐efficacy (within‐level). High baseline levels of workload are negatively related to self‐efficacy (between‐level), but modest increases in workload backed‐up with added autonomy are related to increased self‐efficacy (within‐level). In turn, increases in self‐efficacy stimulate workload. This hints at a feedback loop, which is balanced by a negative feedback process. Too strong increases in workload or enduringly high workload negatively affects self‐efficacy.
The interrater reliability of Modic changes among a potential basivertebral nerve ablation population: Why AC1 may be preferred to kappa
Authors: Sherwood David , Haring Richard Sterling , Schirmer Derek , Modic Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterrater reliability of Modic changes is subject to variables which affect consistency in reporting. Given the importance of Modic change identification for basivertebral nerve ablation (BVNA) candidacy, interrater reliability for this specific cohort has not yet been reported. Twenty lumbar magnetic resonance images of potential basivertebral nerve candidates were independently reviewed by two neuroradiologists and two interventional spine physiatrists for the presence and characterization of Modic changes. The kappa value of their agreement on the presence of Modic changes was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.67), whereas agreement on the type of Modic change was 0.51 (95% CI 0.37–0.65). Using an alternative methodology for measuring interrater reliability (Gwet's AC1) yielded the identification of the presence of Modic changes at AC1 0.51 (95% CI 0.36–0.66), whereas agreement on the type of Modic change was AC1 0.75 (95% CI 0.66–0.83). While less common, AC1 may be preferred in the appropriate cohort to kappa as it mitigates some of the pitfalls to which kappa values may be victim. Ultimately, our results are in‐line with previous reports of interrater reliability results for Modic changes in other cohorts and should serve to caution those who perform BVNA regarding interrater agreement of the imaging crux of the procedure.
Adjusting for misclassification of an exposure in an individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: de Jong Valentijn M. T. , Campbell Harlan , Maxwell Lauren , Jaenisch Thomas , Gustafson Paul , Debray Thomas P. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA common problem in the analysis of multiple data sources, including individual participant data meta‐analysis (IPD‐MA), is the misclassification of binary variables. Misclassification may lead to biased estimators of model parameters, even when the misclassification is entirely random. We aimed to develop statistical methods that facilitate unbiased estimation of adjusted and unadjusted exposure‐outcome associations and between‐study heterogeneity in IPD‐MA, where the extent and nature of exposure misclassification may vary across studies. We present Bayesian methods that allow misclassification of binary exposure variables to depend on study‐ and participant‐level characteristics. In an example of the differential diagnosis of dengue using two variables, where the gold standard measurement for the exposure variable was unavailable for some studies which only measured a surrogate prone to misclassification, our methods yielded more accurate estimates than analyses naive with regard to misclassification or based on gold standard measurements alone. In a simulation study, the evaluated misclassification model yielded valid estimates of the exposure‐outcome association, and was more accurate than analyses restricted to gold standard measurements. Our proposed framework can appropriately account for the presence of binary exposure misclassification in IPD‐MA. It requires that some studies supply IPD for the surrogate and gold standard exposure, and allows misclassification to follow a random effects distribution across studies conditional on observed covariates (and outcome). The proposed methods are most beneficial when few large studies that measured the gold standard are available, and when misclassification is frequent.
The role of systemic dehydration in vocal fold healing: Preliminary findings
Authors: Venkatraman Anumitha , Hawkins Jan , McCain Robyn , Duan Chenwei , Cannes do Nascimento Naila , Cox Abigail , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRationaleSystemic dehydration negatively alters the expression of vocal fold inflammatory and cell junction markers. These biological changes can have downstream effects on the healing processes of injured vocal folds. In the dermis, reduced hydration prolongs inflammation and delays healing. It is unknown whether this biological effect is observed in vocal fold tissue.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of systemic dehydration on vocal fold healing outcomes following acute, bilateral vocal fold injury in a rodent model.MethodsEighteen systemic dehydrated and 18 euhydrated adult male Sprague Dawley rats experienced bilateral vocal fold injuries or no injury (N = 9/group). Vocal fold gene expression levels of inflammatory mediators and epithelial cell junction markers were measured 24 h post‐injury.ResultsPro‐inflammatory gene markers (IL‐1β; TNF‐α) were differentially expressed in response to systemic dehydration with vocal fold injury compared to non‐injury. Epithelial cell junction markers (Cadherin‐3, Desmoglein‐1) also exhibited divergent trends following systemic dehydration, but these data were not statistically significant.ConclusionsSystemic dehydration may affect cellular vocal fold healing processes within 24 h. These findings lay the groundwork for further investigation of how hydration status can affect vocal fold tissue recovery and influence clinical care.
Effect of Poly(Oxanorbonene)‐ and Poly(Methacrylate)‐Based Polyzwitterionic Surface Coatings on Cell Adhesion and Gene Expression of Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Eickenscheidt Alice , Lavaux Valentine , Paschke Stefan , Martínez Alejandro Guajardo , Schönemann Eric , Laschewsky André , Lienkamp Karen , Staszewski Ori 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolyzwitterions are generally known for their anti‐adhesive properties, including resistance to protein and cell adhesion, and overall high bio‐inertness. Yet there are a few polyzwitterions to which mammalian cells do adhere. To understand the structural features of this behavior, a panel of polyzwitterions with different functional groups and overall degrees of hydrophobicity is analyzed here, and their physical and biological properties are correlated to these structural differences. Cell adhesion is focused on, which is the basic requirement for cell viability, proliferation, and growth. With the here presented polyzwitterion panel, three different types of cell‐surface interactions are observed: adhesion, slight attachment, and cell repellency. Using immunofluorescence methods, it is found that human keratinocytes (HaCaT) form focal adhesions on the cell‐adhesive polyzwitterions, but not on the sample that has only slight cell attachment. Gene expression analysis indicates that HaCaT cells cultivated in the presence of a non‐adhesive polyzwitterion have up‐regulated inflammatory and apoptosis‐related cell signaling pathways, while the gene expression of HaCaT cells grown on a cell‐adhesive polyzwitterion does not differ from the gene expression of the growth control, and thus can be defined as fully cell‐compatible.
Oxides and Nitrides with Asymmetric Pore Structure from Block Copolymer Co‐Assembly and Non‐Solvent Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Hesse Sarah A. , Fritz Kevin E. , Beaucage Peter A. , Susca Ethan M. , Suntivich Jin , Wiesner Ulrich 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaterials combining an asymmetric pore structure with mesopores everywhere enable high surface area accessibility and fast transport, making them attractive for e.g., energy conversion and storage applications. Block copolymer (BCP)/inorganic precursor co‐assembly combined with non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) provides a route to materials in which a mesoporous top surface layer merges into an asymmetric support with graded porosity along the film normal and mesopores throughout. Here, the co‐assembly and non‐solvent‐induced phase separation (CNIPS) of poly(isoprene)‐b‐poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (ISV) triblock terpolymer and titanium dioxide (TiO2) sol‐gel nanoparticlesare reported. Heat‐treatment in air results in free‐standing asymmetric porous TiO2. Further thermal processing in ammonia results in free‐standing asymmetric porous titanium nitride (TiN). processing changes alter structural membrane characteristics is demonstrated. Changing the CNIPS evaporation time results in various membrane cross‐sections ( finger‐like to sponge‐like). Oxide and nitride material composition, crystallinity, and porosity are tuned by varying thermal processing conditions. Finally, thermal processing condition effects are probed on phase‐pure asymmetric nitride membrane behavior using cyclic voltammetry to elucidate their influence, e.g., on specific capacitance. Results provide further insights into improving asymmetric and porous materials for applications including energy conversion and storage, separation, and catalysis and motivate a further expansion of CNIPS to other (in)organic materials.