bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel description of the Vastus lateralis morphology of the Temminck's ground pangolin (Manis temminckii)
Authors: van Boom Kathryn Merle , Breed Dorothy , Hughes Alix , Blackhurst Dee , Kohn Tertius Abraham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pangolin (Manidae family) is the world's most trafficked animal, yet very little is known about its physiology and metabolism primarily due to its inconspicuous and solitary nature. Skeletal muscle samples from the Vastus lateralis were collected postmortem from a single female Temminck's ground pangolin (Manis temminckii). Samples were analyzed for fiber type composition, fiber size and myosin heavy chain isoform content. The oxidative and glycolytic metabolic capacity was determined through citrate synthase, 3‐hydroxyacetyl co A dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase and glycogen phosphorylase enzyme activities. Lastly, antioxidant capacity was determined through superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, and the total antioxidant capacity. The pangolin metabolic profile was then compared to other endurance and nonendurance mammals, in which data were standardized relative to human endurance athletes in order to provide context. Slow twitch type I fibers, rich in mitochondria were the predominant fiber type within the pangolin indicating a reliance on oxidative derived energy from fats and carbohydrates. This suggests that the pangolin has a high endurance capability when compared to other wild animals and human endurance athletes. This is the first study to investigate the skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism of any pangolin species, in an attempt to further understand this endangered animal and aid with conservation efforts.
The salience of competing nonsocial objects reduces gaze toward social stimuli, but not the eyes, more in typically developing than autistic boys
Authors: Cai Xiao‐E , Le Jiao , Shou Xiao‐Jing , Wu‐Yun Gao‐Wa , Wang Xiao‐Xi , Han Song‐Ping , Han Ji‐Sheng , Kendrick Keith M. , Zhang Rong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDecreased attention to social information is considered an early emerging symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although the underlying causes remain controversial. Here we explored the impact of nonsocial object salience on reduced attention to social stimuli in male ASD compared with typically developing (TD) children. Correlations with blood concentrations of neuropeptides linked with social cognition were also investigated. Eye‐tracking was performed in 102 preschool‐aged boys (50 ASD, 52 TD) using a paradigm with social (faces) versus nonsocial (objects) stimuli presented in pairs in two conditions where nonsocial stimulus salience was varied. Basal oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin concentrations were measured in blood. Compared with TD boys those with ASD viewed social stimuli less only when they were paired with low‐salience nonsocial objects. Additionally, boys with ASD spent less time than TD ones viewing facial features, particularly the eyes. In TD boys, OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores were positively associated with time spent viewing the eye region, whereas for boys with ASD associations with time spent viewing faces were negative. Reduced gaze toward social stimuli in ASD relative to TD individuals may therefore be influenced by how salient the paired nonsocial objects are for the latter. On the other hand, reduced interest in the eyes of faces in boys with ASD is not influenced by how salient competing nonsocial stimuli are. Basal OXT concentrations and cognitive development scores are predictive of time spent viewing social stimuli in TD boys (eyes) and those with ASD (faces) but in the opposite direction.Lay SummaryChildren with autism exhibit reduced attention to social paired with nonsocial stimuli compared to typically developing children. Using eye‐tracking we show this difference is due to typically developing rather than autistic boys being more influenced by how interesting competing nonsocial objects are. On the other hand, reduced time looking at the eyes in autistic relative to typically developing boys is unaffected by nonsocial object salience. Time spent viewing social stimuli is associated with cognitive development and blood levels of oxytocin.
A convenient platform for real‐time non‐contact thermal measurement and processing
Authors: Choi Hyosung , Soeriawidjaja Banyu Firdaus , Lee Sang Hak , Kwak Minseok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTemperature is one of crucial and integral parts of chemical experiments. Since the properties or shape of the material may change depending on the temperature, the device that measures it plays a vital role in an experiment. Such devices commonly used in experiments to this day are unable to perform temperature measurement and data processing simultaneously. Here, we present a low‐price, non‐contact convenient platform capable of solving both problems at the same time, with automatically set different measurement time intervals for each experiment, and shows processed data anywhere real‐time on the Internet. This device can operate within temperature range of −20 and 80 °C with a respectable error range of ±2.5 °C.
A high‐throughput biomimetic bone‐on‐a‐chip platform with artificial intelligence‐assisted image analysis for osteoporosis drug testing
Authors: Paek Kyurim , Kim Seulha , Tak Sungho , Kim Min Kyeong , Park Jubin , Chung Seok , Park Tai Hyun , Kim Jeong Ah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough numerous organ‐on‐a‐chips have been developed, bone‐on‐a‐chip platforms have rarely been reported because of the high complexity of the bone microenvironment. With an increase in the elderly population, a high‐risk group for bone‐related diseases such as osteoporosis, it is essential to develop a precise bone‐mimicking model for efficient drug screening and accurate evaluation in preclinical studies. Here, we developed a high‐throughput biomimetic bone‐on‐a‐chip platform combined with an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based image analysis system. To recapitulate the key aspects of natural bone microenvironment, mouse osteocytes (IDG‐SW3) and osteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1) were cocultured within the osteoblast‐derived decellularized extracellular matrix (OB‐dECM) built in a well plate‐based three‐dimensional gel unit. This platform spatiotemporally and configurationally mimics the characteristics of the structural bone unit, known as the osteon. Combinations of native and bioactive ingredients obtained from the OB‐dECM and coculture of two types of bone cells synergistically enhanced osteogenic functions such as osteocyte differentiation and osteoblast maturation. This platform provides a uniform and transparent imaging window that facilitates the observation of cell–cell interactions and features high‐throughput bone units in a well plate that is compatible with a high‐content screening system, enabling fast and easy drug tests. The drug efficacy of anti‐SOST antibody, which is a newly developed osteoporosis drug for bone formation, was tested via β‐catenin translocation analysis, and the performance of the platform was evaluated using AI‐based deep learning analysis. This platform could be a cutting‐edge translational tool for bone‐related diseases and an efficient alternative to bone models for the development of promising drugs.
The five major autoimmune diseases increase the risk of cancer: epidemiological data from a large‐scale cohort study in China
Authors: Zhou Ziyue , Liu Huazhen , Yang Yiying , Zhou Jingya , Zhao Lidan , Chen Hua , Fei Yunyun , Zhang Wen , Li Mengtao , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Fengchun , Yang Huaxia , Zhang Xuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer incidence and mortality have received critical attention during the long‐term management of morbidities in patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). This study aimed to investigate and compare the risk of cancer associated with five major AIDs in a large‐scale Chinese cohort.MethodsA total of 8,120 AID patients consecutively admitted to a national tertiary referral center in China were included and followed‐up for 38,726.55 patient‐years, including those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic scleroderma (SSc), and idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM). Demographic data, cancer incidence, predilecting sites and cancer onset time were recorded and compared among the five AIDs.ResultsFour hundred and thirty (5.3%) patients developed cancer. Their median age was 57.5 years and AID duration was 79.8 months. The estimated total standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of cancer in AIDs patients was 3.37, with the highest SIR observed in IIM (4.31), followed by RA (3.99), SSc (3.77), SS (2.88) and SLE (2.58). The increased SIR of cancers in AID patients showed a female predominance (female vs. male: 3.59 vs. 2.77) and younger patient involvement (age <50 vs. ≥50 years: 4.88 vs. 3.04). Patients with SLE had increased SIRs for developing hematologic malignancies and solid tumors located in the urinary bladder, corpus uteri and cervix uteri. Patients with SS had a significantly high SIR for developing non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Within 3 years of IIM diagnosis, 74.6% of the patients developed cancer and they had a high risk of ovarian cancer. RA was associated with a wide distribution of scancers, including non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, gynecologic, urinary tract, thyroid gland and lung cancers. SSc patients had increased SIRs for developing cervical uterine, lung, and breast cancers.ConclusionPatients with five major AIDs in China had an increased risk of developing cancer, with a predominance in women and younger patients, although cancer incidence, predilection sites and cancer onset time may vary greatly in each AID entity.
Lipase Catalysis in Mixed Micelles
Authors: Goswami Debajyoti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe catalytic performance of lipase, an interfacially active enzyme, depends on the reaction medium. Novel reaction media like mixed micelles affect lipase catalysis mostly by stabilizing the lipase structure and increasing the substrate solubilization. Nonionic surfactant addition in ionic micelles formed mixed micelles and increased lipase catalysis by lowering detrimental lipase‐ionic surfactant hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Nonionic/nonionic mixed micelles enhanced activity and enantiomeric selectivity of free lipase but reduced those for immobilized lipase. Nonconventional cationic/cationic, anionic/nonionic/ionic liquid, and substrate/nonionic mixed micelles also improved lipase catalysis. Lipase activity was high in bile salt/surfactant mixed micelles but was low in bile salt/phospholipid mixed micelle. Mixed micelles have advantages like improving lipase‐substrate interaction, increasing water nucleophilicity, sometimes greater emulsion stability, and reduced product inhibition. In mixed micelles, increasing the lipase concentration can overcome the problem regarding inaccessibility of insoluble substrates.
Using policy to build equitable Latinx transfer pathways
Authors: Felix Eric R. , Galan Carlos A. , Palomino Paulina P. , Cantu Laura 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes the change process at East Los Angeles College (ELAC) to address the unique barriers that Latinx students face in transferring to 4‐year institutions. Since 2014, California Community Colleges have had an unprecedented opportunity to target disparities in academic outcomes through the Student Equity Policy (SEP) and its requirement to examine inequity faced by minoritized groups, such as racial/ethnic students, in various academic areas like transfer and degree completion. Through the implementation of this policy, ELAC has made improvements to the conditions and experiences of Latinx students, resulting in improved Latinx transfer success. As scholar‐practitioners, the purpose of our study is to share the process that unfolded at ELAC. In doing so, we focus on understanding how: (a) ELAC developed and implemented these Latinx specific transfer initiatives, (b) the impact and results from these new efforts for Latinx students, and then (c) highlight takeaways for community college practitioners.
Improving transfer through changes in advising
Authors: Queen Ashleigh Everhardt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCommunity colleges represent a main pathway for students seeking to earn bachelor's degrees. This path allows students who may be unable to enter a 4‐year university to gain access to higher education, often at a decreased cost. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students are utilizing this pathway as state and federal government mandates call for increased numbers of STEM graduates. Concerning is the fact that many students intend to transfer and are unsuccessful in this process or in obtaining a degree post‐transfer. Academic advising, a common practice at all institutions of higher education, can be utilized to increase the connection the student feels to the institution and minimize the barriers they face in transitioning from one institution to another. This article provides recommendations from the Aspen Institute/Community College Research Center Transfer Playbook for institutions seeking to improve transfer outcomes
Efficient Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from a Discrete Hybrid Bismuth Bromide Ferroelectric Templated by Phosphonium Cation
Authors: Deswal Swati , Panday Rishukumar , Naphade Dipti R. , Dixit Prashant , Praveenkumar Balu , Zaręba Jan K. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Ogale Satishchandra , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBismuth containing hybrid molecular ferroelectrics are receiving tremendous attention in recent years owing to their stable and non‐toxic composition. However, these perovskite‐like structures are primarily limited to ammonium cations. Herein, we report a new phosphonium based discrete perovskite‐like hybrid ferroelectric with a formula [Me(Ph)3P]3[Bi2Br9] (MTPBB) and its mechanical energy harvesting capability. The Polarization‐Electric field (P‐E) measurements resulted in a well‐defined ferroelectric hysteresis loop with a remnant polarization value of 2.1 μC cm−2. Piezoresponse force microscopy experiments enabled visualization of the ferroelectric domain structure and evaluation of the piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33) for an MTPBB single crystal and thin film sample. Furthermore, flexible devices incorporating MTPBB in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix at various concentrations were fabricated and explored for their mechanical energy harvesting properties. The champion device with 20 wt % of MTPBB in PDMS rendered a maximum peak‐to‐peak open‐circuit voltage of 22.9 V and a maximum power density of 7 μW cm−2 at an optimal load of 4 MΩ. Moreover, the potential of MTPBB‐based devices in low power electronics was demonstrated by storing the harvested energy in various electrolytic capacitors.
Quantum Spin‐1/2 Dimers in a Low‐Dimensional Tetrabromocuprate Magnet
Authors: Sampson Gavin , Bristowe Nicholas C. , Carr Sam T. , Saib Asad , Stenning Gavin B. G. , Clark Ewan R. , Saines Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work describes a homometallic spin‐
tetrabromocuprate adopting a bilayer structure. Magnetic‐susceptibility measurements show a broad maximum centred near 70 K, with fits to this data using a Heisenberg model consistent with strong antiferromagnetic coupling between neighbouring copper atoms in different layers of the bilayer. There are further weak intralayer ferromagnetic interactions between copper cations in neighbouring dimers. First‐principles calculations are consistent with this, but suggest there is only significant magnetic coupling within one direction of a layer; this would suggest the presence of a spin ladder within the bilayer with antiferromagnetic rung and weaker ferromagnetic rail couplings.
A pilot study of genomic‐guided induction therapy followed by immunotherapy with difluoromethylornithine maintenance for high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Kraveka Jacqueline M. , Lewis Elizabeth C. , Bergendahl Genevieve , Ferguson William , Oesterheld Javier , Kim Elizabeth , Nagulapally Abhinav B. , Dykema Karl J. , Brown Valerie I. , Roberts William D. , Mitchell Deanna , Eslin Don , Hanson Derek , Isakoff Michael S. , Wada Randal K. , Harrod Virginia L. , Rawwas Jawhar , Hanna Gina , Hendricks William P. D. , Byron Sara A. , Snuderl Matija , Serrano Jonathan , Trent Jeffrey M. , Saulnier Sholler Giselle L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSurvival for patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma (HRNB) remains poor despite aggressive multimodal therapies.AimsTo study the feasibility and safety of incorporating a genomic‐based targeted agent to induction therapy for HRNB as well as the feasibility and safety of adding difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to anti‐GD2 immunotherapy.MethodsTwenty newly diagnosed HRNB patients were treated on this multicenter pilot trial. Molecular tumor boards selected one of six targeted agents based on tumor‐normal whole exome sequencing and tumor RNA‐sequencing results. Treatment followed standard upfront HRNB chemotherapy with the addition of the selected targeted agent to cycles 3–6 of induction. Following consolidation, DFMO (750 mg/m2 twice daily) was added to maintenance with dinutuximab and isotretinoin, followed by continuation of DFMO alone for 2 years. DNA methylation analysis was performed retrospectively and compared to RNA expression.ResultsOf the 20 subjects enrolled, 19 started targeted therapy during cycle 3 and 1 started during cycle 5. Eighty‐five percent of subjects met feasibility criteria (receiving 75% of targeted agent doses). Addition of targeted agents did not result in toxicities requiring dose reduction of chemotherapy or permanent discontinuation of targeted agent. Following standard consolidation, 15 subjects continued onto immunotherapy with DFMO. This combination was well‐tolerated and resulted in no unexpected adverse events related to DFMO.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of adding targeted agents to standard induction therapy and adding DFMO to immunotherapy for HRNB. This treatment regimen has been expanded to a Phase II trial to evaluate efficacy.
A new high‐level boost inverter topology with reduced device count
Authors: Siddique Marif Daula , Reddy B.Prathap , Meraj Mohammad , Iqbal Atif 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe requirement of a boosting aspect for the power electronic converter is essential for the fuel cell, solar PV, and battery‐based applications as the generated voltage is of low voltage magnitude. In these low‐voltage applications, a new boost inverter topology has been suggested, where the power conversion will happen in a single‐stage instead of two‐stage (dc–dc converter + two‐level inverter). The proposed topology consists of 11 power semiconductor devices, one switched capacitor unit, and two dc voltage sources that are arranged in the magnitude of 1:3. This arrangement is able to achieve an output voltage of 15 levels with a boosting factor of 1.75. The other advantages of the designed topology have been the reduced device count with the self‐balancing of capacitor voltage and improved efficiency with better power loss sharing among the switches. By accumulating additional switched‐capacitor units to the proposed basic structure, the proposed inverter can be extended to support a greater number of levels and a higher voltage gain. A comprehensive assessment has been accomplished with single‐source and dual‐source topologies, and the proposed topology shows the improved design. A low‐power laboratory porotype has been used to endorse the proposed topology with real‐time conditions.
Ethyl glucuronide in hair: A 5‐year retrospective cohort study in subjects sanctioned for driving under the influence of alcohol and psychoactive substances
Authors: Freni Francesca , Moretti Matteo , Scardo Sara , Carelli Claudia , Vignali Claudia , Monti Maria Cristina , Morini Luca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evaluation of drinking behaviors can help in limiting high‐risk situation, such as driving under the influence (DUI). We investigate ethyl glucuronide in hair (hEtG) levels to evaluate alcohol consumption behavior in subjects followed up after having been charged for DUI of psychoactive substances and/or alcohol. We performed a retrospective observational cohort study on 4328 subjects over 18 years old who underwent hEtG analysis in the period 2015–2019 in the Italian Province of Pavia. hEtG level was used as a proxy for the alcohol consumption behavior. Effects of age, sex, and district on alcohol drinking behavior were investigated with an ordinal logit model. A state sequence analysis was used to study people's alcohol consumption behavior over time. hEtG was found ≥7.0 pg/mg in 22.2% of the drivers (of which 7% has an hEtG ≥30.0 pg/mg). Among positive cases, a prevalence of males (96.3%) aged 35–44 (32.6%), coming from main city and hinterland (38.2%), was observed. The propensity to drink was higher for males (odds ratio [OR] ≈ 2.28, p < 0.001) and for subject coming from the district devoted to the cultivation of vineyards. Young age classes have a reduced drinking risk if compared to the drivers over 55 years old (p < 0.001). A general decreasing trend over time in hEtG values was observed. Being male, age ≥ 55 years, and coming from rural areas are potential risk factors related to alcohol drinking habits among drivers. Ethyl glucuronide in hair test in the driving license reissuing protocol contributed to decrease alcohol misuse behaviors.
Direct injection analysis of oxypurinol and metformin in wastewater by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Qiuda , Dewapriya Pradeep , Eaglesham Geoff , Reeks Tim , Thompson Jack , Ahmed Fahad , Prasad Pritesh , Thomas Kevin V. , Mueller Jochen F. , Thai Phong K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing global prevalence of gout and diabetes has led to a rise in the use of their respective medications, allopurinol and metformin. These are excreted via urine as oxypurinol and metformin and are discharged into wastewater and the environment. Current environmental monitoring of those two polar chemicals requires labour intensive and potentially inefficient sample pre‐treatments, such as using solid‐phase extraction or freeze‐drying. This study validated a sensitive and simple method using direct‐injection LC–MS/MS for the simultaneous measurement of oxypurinol and metformin in wastewater. The final method utilised a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography together with simple filtration through 0.2 μm regenerated cellulose filter followed by dilution in acetonitrile with a dilution factor of 10. The developed method was validated with the limit of quantifications (LOQ) of 0.11 and 0.34 μg/L for metformin and oxypurinol, respectively. The new method was applied to 42 influent wastewater samples and 6 effluent samples collected from 6 Australian wastewater treatment plants. Both compounds were detected well above the LOQ at concentrations 29–214 μg/L in influent and 2–53 μg/L in effluent for metformin, and 24–248 μg/L in influent and 4–81 μg/L in effluent for oxypurinol, demonstrating its high applicability.