bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rooting Mugo Pine Cuttings1
Authors: Kiang Y. T. , Rogers O. M. , Pike R. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rooting of cuttings of 4 clones of Mugo pine (Pinus mugo var. mughus Zeneri) averaged 75% when collected in June and dipped in a solution of 0.6% indolebutyric acid (IBA) plus 0.5% benomyl in 95% ethyl alcohol. Cuttings collected in March and June rooted better than those of September or December. Clones varied in rootability.
Market Structure Characteristics among Midwestern Wholesale Producers of Floriculture Crops1
Authors: Robertson J. L. , Sullivan G. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A survey conducted among all wholesale producers of florist crops in Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit and St. Louis revealed annual gross sales for 126 firms averaged $183,000 per firm. Retail florists comprised the principal customer type, followed by commission and merchant wholesalers. The number of firms selling entirely to terminal wholesale flower markets has declined appreciably in recent years with a trend toward expansion of sales to mass market outlets. A trend toward increased economic concentration among midwestern wholesale producers was evident Wholesale producers selling direct to retailers had an improved potential market position relative to wholesale producers selling primarily to terminal market wholesalers. Trade practices reflected these differences in market position.
Introduction to the Workshop
Authors: Sherman W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Scion cultivars have been the basis of fruit industries and the main concern of most fruit research. Stock cultivars have often been taken for granted and rootstock breeding neglected because it has not been immediately rewarding to the breeder. Rootstock breeding, like many long term research programs, has not been strongly supported by various granting agencies, which often seek quick solutions to industry problems.
Levels of Hydroxyproline in Citrus Leaves1
Authors: Yelenosky George , Gilbert William 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Colorimetric determination of hydroxyproline in acid hydrolysates of ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck), ‘Carrizo’ citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.), ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), and rough lemon (C limon [L.] Burm. f.) indicated 14 to 71 μg of hydroxyproline per g of oven-dried leaf tissue. Cold-hardening and growth regulator treatments of different citrus cultivars changed the concentration of hydroxyproline in the leaves. Cultivars with greater concentrations of hydroxyproline before cold-hardening were also more tolerant of freeze conditions after cold-hardening.
Temperature and Duration of Storage on Ethanol Content of Citrus Fruits1
Authors: Davis Paul L. , Hofmann Russell C. , Hatton T. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethanol content of juice of citrus fruits showed greater changes during storage and subsequent holding than did acetaldehyde, total soluble solids, titratable acid, or pH. In general, total soluble solids remained unchanged, titratable acid tended to decrease, and pH to increase slightly during storage but showed no effect due to storage temp. Acetaldehyde increased moderately during storage and more extensively during a 1-week holding period at 21.0°C. All fruits increased in ethanol during storage. Ethanol increased in grapefruit more at 1.0° than at 4.5° or 10.0°, while ethanol increased in oranges more at 10.0° than at 4.5° or 1.0°. This behavior may afford a new criterion for a rational basis for establishing optimum storage conditions.
Response of Chrysanthemum in Four Soilless Media1
Authors: Criley R. A. , Watanabe R. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. White Spider CF2275 plants were grown in soilless media comprised of an andesitic cinder and pumice inorganic component mixed in 4 ratios with 4 organic components, namely, sphagnum peat, aged wood shavings, aged pineapple waste, and ground tree fern trunks (hapuu). The plant responses in the different media showed little difference from those in the control medium of equal parts of soil, peat, and perlite. Mixtures containing from 33 to 50% organic matter were satisfactory for plant growth. The physical and chemical characteristics of the media were within the ranges defined as satisfactory by previous researchers.
Yields of Successive Cropping of Tomato in Sawdust and Bark Media1
Authors: Cotter Donald J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Yields of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) increased in bark or sawdust when the media had been prior cropped. Bark produced more marketable fruit than sawdust No unusual plant diseases were noted and root-knot nematode symptoms (a chronic problem in soil) were not observed on roots in either sawdust or bark.
Precipitation and the Economic Feasibility of Harvest Mechanization for Processing Tomatoes1
Authors: Sullivan G. H. , Wilcox G. E. , Uyeshiro R. Y. , Robertson J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Simulation modeling techniques were used to determine the influence of precipitation during the harvest season on the economic feasibility of harvest mechanization for tomatoes on 3 soil types. Harvest mechanization was impeded on clay loam and silt loam soils at average precipitation levels during the harvest season due to wet soils and less than potential economic returns were realized. Only sandy loam soils consistently permitted full realization of the economic benefits that accrue from harvest mechanization.
Induction of Parthenocarpy by N-1-naphthylphthalamic Acid in Cucumbers1
Authors: Quebedeaux Bruno , Beyer E. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parthenocarpy was induced in unfertilized pistillate flowers of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) by the foliar application of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (Naptalam). These results substantiate the previous proposed hypothesis that potent auxin transport inhibitors in general are parthenocarpic agents for cucumber.
‘Priam’ Apple1
Authors: Decourtye L. M. , Williams E. B. , Janick Jules , Emerson F. H. , Dayton D. F. , Mowry J. B. , Hough L. F. , Bailey Catherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Priam’ is a new fall red apple with resistance to apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. ripening close to ‘Jonathan’ and about one week before ‘Delicious’ (Fig. 1).
Production of Tetrahaploids in the Cultivated Strawberry1
Authors: Hughes Harrison G. , Janick Jules 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Octoploid strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa Duch., (2n = 56), pollinated by Potentilla anserina L. (2n = 28) and P. fruticosa L. cv. Golddrop (2n = 14) gave high achene set but germination was low and seedling lethality high in both cases. Most offspring from P. anserina died by 6 weeks with 1% survival of germinating seed at 34 weeks; offspring from P. fruticosa pollination showed gradual mortality with 7% surviving at 34 weeks. Surviving offspring from P. anserina pollinations were either 28 chromosome tetrahaploids (5 plants) or 56 chromosome octoploids (4 plants). Surviving offspring from P. fruticosa pollinations included tetrahaploids (2 plants), octoploid (1 plant), or 35-chromosome pentaploid intergeneric hybrids (9 plants). Tetrahaploids are weak with small leaves and two that have flowered are pollen and pistil sterile.
Thiabendazole Reduces Chilling Injury (Pitting) of Cyprus-grown Grapefruit1
Authors: Kokkalos Tasos I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thiabendazole (TBZ) incorporated in the wax coating at 2000 ppm, considerably reduced chilling injury of Cyprus-grown grapefruit during storage for 102 days at 8°C plus 34 days at 7°C.
Isolation of Zeatin from Larvae of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu1
Authors: Ohkawa M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cytokinin active compounds were isolated from larvae of D. kuriphilus within galls of Japanese chestnut, Castanea crenata, Sied, et Zucc. One of the compounds coincided with zeatin by T L C, G L C and Sephadex LH20 column chromatography.
Manganese Chelate Sprays Increase Growth and Yields of Peas1
Authors: Anderson W. C. , Carstens J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Manganese chelate sprays at bud formation, first bloom and a split application at bud formation and full bloom, increased vine growth of peas (Pisum sativum L.) Shelled pea yields increased with the following Mn chelate rates and timing: 134 g Mn/ha (1 lb. Mn chelate/acre) at first bloom, 269g Μn/ha (2 lb. Mn chelate/acre) at bud formation and first bloom; and with the split application of 134g Μn/ha at bud formation and 134g Μn/ha at full bloom. Tissue analyses showed that redistribution of foliar applied Mn to the non-sprayed new growth was negligible.
Effect of Herbicides on Weed Control and Nitrate Accumulation in Spinach1
Authors: Cantliffe Daniel J. , Phatak Sharad C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three herbicides, cycloate, alachlor and lenacil, gave acceptable weed control in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), while 7 other herbicide combinations did not Cycloate, alachlor, lenacil, prometryne and chlorpropham + PPG 124 significantly increased the NO3-N concentration of both spinach blades and petioles by as much as 3-4 times over weeded and non-weeded checks. DCPA significantly increased NO3 in the petioles. Cycloate, alachlor and lenacil significantly increased total Ν concentration in the petioles, while none of the herbicide treatments affected total Ν in the blades. Lenacil significantly increased fresh weight of blades and petioles compared to a weeded check, while plant fresh and dry weights from cycloate and alachlor treatments were not less than the checks.
Height Control in Greenhouse Chrysanthemum by Mechanical Stress1
Authors: Allen Hammer P. , Mitchell Cary A. , Weiler Thomas C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mechanical stress, whether from shaking or flexing reduced the elongation of greenhouse chrysanthemums. Stress for 30 seconds once a day was slightly less effective than twice a day. Mechanical stress may be used to reduce excessive stem elongation without the use of chemicals.
Gibberellin Accelerates Flowering of Cyclamen persicum Mill1
Authors: Widmer R. E. , Stephen L. C. , Angeli M. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gibberellin (GA3) treatment of 6 cyclamen cultivars accelerated flowering 28 to 35 days and increased simultaneous flower production per plant up to 100%. Leaf size, leaf count, and plant size were not altered by GA3. A single spray of 50 ppm GA3 applied 60 to 75 days prior to desired time of bloom is suggested to promote more accurate, efficient scheduling of cyclamen crops.
Chromosome Numbers and Breeding Behavior of Hybrids Among Celebes, Java, and New Guinea Species of Impatiens L.1
Authors: Arisumi Toru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chromosome numbers of 2 species from Celebes were 2n=8. Interspecific hybrids among Celebes species, Celebes × Java, and Celebes × New Guinea Impatiens were sterile, with 2n=8, 12, and 20, respectively. Some of these hybrids were considered ornamentally desirable.
‘Kewalo’ Tomato1
Authors: Gilbert James C. , Tanaka Jack S. , Takeda Kenneth Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Resistance to bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Sm.) in large-fruited tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) has been difficult to combine with both earlier maturity and high levels of resistance in commercial type cultivars. The use of F1 hybrids to improve vigor, yields, maturity time and to add multiple disease resistance has not been a commercial practice in large-fruited, bacterial-wilt resistant tomatoes apparently due to a lack of suitable parents. Resistance to this disease is largely recessive (1) and both parents would need to be resistant to some degree. The possibilities of extending resistance to several strains of bacterial wilt of tomatoes in various geographic areas by use of F1 hybrids from parents resistant to different strains has not been widely tested. Recent field trials in Hawaii with 19 bacterial wilt resistant hybrids using ‘Kewalo’ as one parent and wilt resistant lines from other areas as the other parent showed no cases in which the F1 failed to live longer and produce more than both parents. This could be due, in part, to resistance to several other diseases (4) in the hybrid. Some of these parents (‘Venus’, ‘Saturn’) have survived better in field tests elsewhere than in Hawaii (personal correspondence). ‘Kewalo’ is being released as a parental stock to make multiple resistant F1 hybrids having bacterial wilt resistance in both parents, since the other lines generally lack the dominant genes for multiple resistance now available in ‘Kewalo’
‘Great Northern Valley’ Dry Bean1
Authors: Coyne D. P. , Schuster M. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Common blight, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas phaseoli (E. F. Smith) Dowson, is one of the most serious seed-borne bacterial diseases of beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Recommended controls are use of certified disease-free seed and rotation. There is no satisfactory chemical control. Great Northern (GN) cultivars ‘Tara’ (2) and ‘Jules’ (3) have high tolerance to X. phaseoli and high yield but combine the disadvantages of late maturity and vigorous vines, the latter creating conditions favorable for white mold. These 2 cultivars were derived by pedigree selection from the cross of the late maturing, common blight tolerant GN Nebraska #1 sel. 27 line with the early maturing susceptible ‘GN 1140’. The reaction to X. phaseoli was inherited quantitatively (4) while maturity was inherited qualitatively (1). Linkage occurred between genes controlling common blight tolerance and late maturity (4).
Optimizing Container Soil Amendment: The “Threshold Proportion” and Prediction of Porosity1
Authors: Art Spomer L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The quantity of amendment required to ensure adequate aeration in container soils is usually determined by empirical tests on a series of mixtures containing different amounts of the amendment In this study, the “threshold proportion” or minimum amount of amendment required before aeration improvement begins, was demonstrated to be controlled by amendment interporosity. This concept is the basis for a method of predicting total and aeration porosity of any container soil mixture.
Chemicals to Increase Branching of Photinia ‘Fraseri’ and Rhododendron Exbury Azaleas1
Authors: Ryan G. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Branching of Photinia ‘Fraseri’ was increased 4- to 5-fold by application of methyl esters of C6 to C12 fatty acids (Off-Shoot-O) followed by 3 weekly sprays of 6-benzylamino-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-9H-purine (PBA). PBA following a single hand pinch produced about half as many branches as following Off-Shoot-O. Branching was not significantly increased by a single hand pinch, by Off-Shoot-O or PBA separately, or by (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) alone or following Off-Shoot-O. No consistent increase in branching of Exbury azaleas (Rhododendron ‘Gibraltar’ and ‘Cecile’) resulted from the combined treatment with Off-Shoot-O and PBA, and the response was much less than with photinia.
Preparation of Fungal-free Seedlings of Magnolia grandiflora L.1
Authors: Perry Fred B. , Vines H. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method is proposed for the germination of fungal-free seeds of Magnolia grandiflora as a source of tissue for in vitro experiments. A combination sequence of a 16 hour water-soak at 25°C, hot water (52°C) for 1 hour, and then surface sterilization for 1 hour in 1:1000 aqueous mercuric chloride was the best treatment. Dips in 2.5% chlorox, 95% ethyl alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid soak for 20 minutes were unsatisfactory. If seeds are selected carefully and treated as described, 60 to 90% of the seeds will germinate aseptically within 30 days.
Relative Ozone Susceptibility of Selected Woody Ornamentals1
Authors: Davis D. D. , Coppolino J. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
More than 1000 plants representing 15 species and/or cultivars of woody ornamentals were exposed to 0.25 ppm ozone for 8 hours at bi-weekly intervals throughout the 1973 growing season. A different set of plants were utilized in each bi-weekly exposure. Plants injured at this rate, in descending order of susceptibility, were Rhododendron obtusum Planch. ‘Hinodegiri’ (Hinodegiri Hiryu azalea), Rhododendron poukhanensis Leveille (Korean azalea), Ailanthus altissima Swingle (tree-of-heaven), Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (Chinese elm), Philadelphus coronarius L. (sweet mock-orange), Viburnum setigerum Hance (tea viburnum), and Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. (linden viburnum). Plants resistant at this rate were Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Hetzii’ (Hetz Japanese holly), Ilex opaca Ait. (staminate and pistillate American holly), Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain-aurel kalmia), Lingustrum amurense Carr. (amur privet), Nyssa sylvatica Marsh, (black gum), Taxus × media Rehd. ‘Densiformis’ (dense Anglojap yew), Taxus × media Rehd. ‘Hatfieldii’ (Hatfield Anglojap yew), and Tilia americana L. (American linden). The most common ozone symptom on the broadleaved plants was a tan or dark red to black stipple on the upper leaf surface. Premature defoliation occurred on susceptible plants. Plants were more susceptible to ozone in mid- to late summer than in early spring.
Chilling Injury in Sansevieria1
Authors: Marlatt R. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
White lesions, symptoms of chilling injury, appeared in Sansevieria trifasciata (de Wildm.) N. E. Br. cv. Laurentii for one month following exposure to temperatures ranging from 2° to 8°C Cold-injury symptoms increase with increasing levels of N and K.
Bud-break in Canes of Dracaena fragrans Ker. cv. Massangeana1
Authors: Poole R. T. , Conover C. A. , Waters W. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Initial bud-break in ‘Massangeana’ dracaena propagated from single-stem cane sections was hastened by removing a small basal portion of the waxed section of cane and soaking the base in water before placement in the propagating medium.
Influence of Pruning and Growth-retarding Compounds on Forcing Azaleas1
Authors: Joiner J. N. , Conover C. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Compared with manual pruning, use of fatty acid pruning compounds (Emgard, Off-Shoot-O and C-10) increased time to bloom for Rhodedendron obtusum Planch ‘Alaska’ and ‘Red Wing’ and decreased flower number on ‘Alaska’. Pruning compounds interacted with succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) and (2-chloroethyl)triethylammonium chloride (chlormequat) as well as frequency of application in affecting date of bloom and number of flowers.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Beattie James M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Management of the environment, including modification of the microclimate, has long been practiced by the horticulturist. Common examples include greenhouse culture, irrigation to provide supplemental water or nutrients or for frost protection, the use of mulches, control of photoperiod, soil management systems, application of fertilizers and soil amendments, and others which have been employed for many years and in a variety of ways to enhance plant growth, flowering and fruiting.
Microclimatic Modification: Basic Concepts
Authors: Tanner C. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Microclimate modifications consist mainly of modifying the energy balance of single plants and plant canopies. Several modification practices exist, such as shading, mulching, modifying ventilation, wetting or drying, heating or cooling, etc. Most of these practices can be viewed in simple ways according to simple physical properties and mechanisms modified. I will give my view of the basic principles in simplest form. Real situations are much too complicated to be dealt with in any detail by my review, which will consider only the simplest basics; however, simple principles do provide a good qualitative insight to many modification practices.
Microclimatic Modification: Development and Application in the Urban Environment1
Authors: Mastalerz John W. , Oliver Craig S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Throughout the world the nature of man has been to cluster in highly urbanized centers. The U.S. is no exception, with more than 203 million people living on less than 1% of the land mass. During the past decade this concentration of people in or near urban growth centers has continued while an increasing percentage of land area in many states has reverted to forest cover.
Microclimate Modification and the Vegetable Crop Ecosystem
Authors: Oebker Norman F. , Hopen Herbert J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Humans have been struggling with the plant environment since they started sowing seeds and cultivating vegetation for food. Early attempts were primarily to keep the plants alive. As time passed, trial and error showed that certain conditions favored growth and production. With this knowledge came cultural practices for each species, which were often mixtures of folklore, superstition and fact. Many of these early growing methods have been passed down to recent times.
The Climate of Trees and Vines1
Authors: Gerber J. F. , Martsolf J. D. , Bartholic J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The climate of trees and vines is different from fields, meadows, and agronomic crops. These differences may be tied to the evolution of trees and vines, or they may be a peculiar result of man’s culture. Knowledge of the climate of trees and vines may be of assistance to the horticulturist in climatic modification.
Inheritance of Photoperiodic Flowering Response and Stem Striping in Salvia splendens Sello1
Authors: Lai C. H. , Janick Jules , Weiler T. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The flowering response of ‘St John’s Fire’ salvia is day neutral and occurs between the 8-13th node under both 8 (SD) and 24 hour (LD) photoperiods. In contrast ‘Bonfire’ flowers between the 8–13th node under SD and under LD flowering is delayed to the 16-19th node. Genetic experiments indicate that this difference in photoperiodic response is controlled by a single gene: RR flowers from node 16-20, Rr from node 13-17, and rr from node 8-13. A single dominant gene S conditions stem stripedness; ss is solid colored. S-s and R-r are independently inherited.
Parthenocarpic Fruit Development in Muskmelon Induced by Growth Regulators1
Authors: Elassar G. , Rudich J. , Kedar N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Effects of growth regulators on parthenocarpic fruit development in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were tested under field conditions. Parachlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) β-naphtoxyacetic acid (β-NOA), gibberellin (GA4+7), and 2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (chlorflurenol) caused parthenocarpy, when applied directly to flowers at anthesis. Seed coat developed in all parthenocarpic fruits. A positive correlation (r = 0.80) was found between number of seeds, seed coats, and fruit weight. Fruit set was induced under field conditions without bees, by a single spray of 4-CPA or β-NOA or chlorflurenol applied to the entire plant.
Effect of Substituting Na for K on Yield, Quality, and Leaf Analysis of Sweet Potatoes Grown on Tifton Loamy Sand1
Authors: Worley Ray E. , Harmon S. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field data indicate that part of the K requirement for sweet potatoes (Jpomoea batatas Lam.) may be satisfied by Na without reducing yields or quality, but high rates of substitution reduced yield in some years. Significant reduction in leaf K occurred with increased substitution by Na. Sweet potatoes readily absorbed Na with leaf Na increasing as Na application increased.