bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Third-Year Medical School Ophthalmology Curriculum for a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship Model
Authors: Marin A. Itzam , Silva Helio Neves da , Chen Hongan , Mehta Nihaal , Nguyen Linh K. , SooHoo Jeffrey R. , Adams Jennifer E. , Singh Jasleen K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) are innovative educational models that allow medical student continuity with patients, preceptors, colleagues, and health care systems. Given their benefits, the number of LICs continues to increase. We share a pilot model for an ophthalmology LIC curriculum at the University of Colorado School of Medicine targeted for students to see patients through transitions of care.
Methods A needs assessment was performed including literature search, interviews with expert faculty, and a precurricular student questionnaire. Based on our findings, we developed a pilot two-part curriculum consisting of an introductory lecture and a half-day clinical experience designed to integrate patient eye care into the LIC model. At the end of the year, students completed a questionnaire assessing attitude, confidence, and knowledge. Precourse data were collected from students in the academic year (AY) 2018/2019 to aid with the needs assessment. Postcourse data were collected after completion of the curriculum from students in AY 2019/2020. Data from questionnaire were intended to improve our curricular experience.
Results Our curriculum was piloted between the 2019 and 2020 AY. The completion rate of our curriculum was 100%. The questionnaire response rate was 90% in pre- and postcurricular groups (n=15/17 and n=9/10, respectively). Hundred percent of students from both groups responded that it is “very important”/“important” for all physicians to be able to identify when ophthalmology referral is indicated. After the intervention, there were significant differences in the rate of students responding that they were “confident” diagnosing acute angle-closure glaucoma (36 vs. 78%, p=0.04), treating a chemical burn (20 vs 67%, p=0.02), and diagnosing viral conjunctivitis (27 vs. 67%); 90% of students reported increased confidence in longitudinal care of patients in the eye clinic.
Conclusions Medical students believe in the importance of ophthalmic education regardless of their specialty of choice. We present a pilot model to introduce ophthalmology within an LIC model. Future studies with a larger sample are needed to determine the impact of this model in terms of knowledge acquisition and relationship between curriculum and ophthalmology interest among students. Our curriculum can be adapted to other underrepresented specialties in the medical school curriculum and is easily exportable to other LICs.
Dihydropyridine Reductase Deficiency: Acute Encephalopathy Related to Folinic Acid Treatment Interruption in a Girl
Authors: Pappalardo Maria Grazia , Di Nora Alessandra , Giugno Andrea , Meli Concetta , Sapuppo Annamaria , Pavone Piero , Fiumara Agata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe reported the case of acute encephalopathy related to colonic acid treatment interruption in a 12-year-old female child presenting to our unit with episodes of vomiting, headache, irritability, acute confusional state, seizures, and left lower limb hypotonia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed signs of vasogenic and cytotoxic edema at the cerebellar level bilaterally, and lesions at the temporo-occipito-parietal right level, temporomandibular left, and right thalamic with swelling of the convolutions and reduced differentiation between white and gray matter. The patient had suspended the folinic acid treatment at least 6 months before the present admission. The relation between the clinical signs presented by the girl and folic acid deficiency was confirmed by the result of laboratory assessment and by the answer to the notable clinical improvement with the renewal of folinic acid treatment. Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by the quinoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) gene mutations. DHPR deficiency impairs the synthesis of the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for the hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. When not precociously treated, the disorder may present whit severe neurologic impairment including developmental delay/intellective disability (DD/ID), microcephaly, seizures, movement disorders, cerebral palsy, and other neurological impairments. The clinical and neuroradiologic anomalies observed in our case were unusual, with signs previously unreported in patients with folic acid deficiency. The present case shows that the clinical presentation and MRI anomalies of the cerebral folic acid deficiency may be various and unusual compared with those reported in the literature, and it confirms the usefulness of the continuation of folinic acid treatment during the course of the disorder in patients with DHPR deficiency.
5.2.3 Product Subclass 3: Metalated Tin Compounds
Authors: Marschner C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis review provides a summary of the synthetic approaches to stannides. The described methods involve distannane cleavage, reduction of halostannanes, nucleophilic abstraction of stannyl, silyl, or boryl groups, hydrostannane deprotonation, nucleophilic addition to stannylenes, and transmetalation. Although the major emphasis is on the preparation of monostannides, multiply metalated tin compounds and stannole mono- and dianions are also covered.
Insights on modulating electronic and transport properties of the sawtooth–sawtooth penta-SiC2 nanoribbons under uniaxial small strain by first-principles calculations
Authors: Van On Vo , Bich Thao Pham Thi , Thanh Le Nhat , Tien Nguyen Thanh 
Published: September 2022

Based on the density functional theory in combination with the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism, we study the structural, electronic, and transport properties of SS-pSiC2 NRs under a sequence of uniaxial strains in the range from 10% compression to 10% stretch. The pentagon network of SS-pSiC2 NRs is still maintained, but the bond length along the strained direction is largely changed under this strain. The electronic band structure and bandgap are strongly affected by the uniaxial compressive strain. The evolution of the bandgap vs the strain is linear. With a bias voltage of 2 V, the current of the 10% compressed sample increased 75 times, and the current of the 10% stretched sample increased 2.5 times compared to the one of the relaxed sample. The I–V characteristic of SS-pSiC2 NRs seems to be more sensitive to compressive strain than the stretch strain. Our calculations may indicate new applications of strain structures in electromechanical devices based on SS-pSiC2 NRs.
Multidimensional Solitons
Authors: Malomed Boris A. 
Published: September 2022

Written by the preeminent researcher in this field, Multidimensional Solitons provides a comprehensive survey of self-trapped modes in two- and three-dimensional nonlinear media. It reviews studies covering fundamentals and recently reported theoretical and experimental results in diverse areas, such as nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates. This vital work explores fundamental solitons, topologically organized ones, such as solitary vortices and hopfions, and a broad spectrum of other soliton species, including those in lattice and dissipative media.
Multidimensional Solitons:Offers a general introduction to the modern “soliton science”Provides context on the fundamentals of solitons in nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensatesInstructs how the stabilization of two- and three-dimensional solitons is possible, which is a crucially important problem for multidimensional setupsPresents theoretical (analytical and numerical) and experimental results on optical and matter-wave solitons in diverse settings
Researchers – both theorists and experimentalists – working in optics and photonics, low-temperature and atomic physics, mathematical physics, and applied mathematics will all find this an instrumental reference. Graduate students in these disciplines will also find it as a valuable resource.
Surface modification of IN713 LC superalloy with Metco 204NS by laser surface alloying
Authors: Khorram Ali , Taheri Morteza 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ceramics are one of the best engineering materials for coating gas turbine blades. In this study, the Metco204NS ceramic coating (Zr2O + 8%Y2O3) was applied by the laser surface alloying (LSA) method on IN713 LC nickel-based superalloy. To influence the heat input on the structure of the ceramic coating and its substrate, and as well as the rejuvenated zone (RZ), different variables were used in LSA. The results showed that with an increase in heat input by the laser, the sensitivity to liquation cracks in the heat affected zone and solidification cracks in the RZ decreases. The most important reason for this was the increase in backfilling by the molten metal due to its high fluidity. However, with increasing heat input, the hardness increased due to the reduction of the distance between the dendrites. Solidification rate (R) and temperature gradient (G) were identified as the most important microstructure controlling factors in the RZ. So, with increasing the heat input and thus decreasing G and R, the tendency of the structure to change from cellular to columnar and then equiaxed increased. The uniform and homogeneous coating of Metco 204NS significantly increased the wear resistance of IN713 LC superalloy. The higher hardness and wear resistance of melted Metco 204NS coating material relative to the RZ and the base metal was due to the presence of very hard Zr2O and Y2O3 particles in Metco 204NS and the reduction of grain size.
Analysis on the characteristics of vortex beam in field turbulence
Authors: Xie Yanchen , Ke Xizheng , Dong Ke , Liang Jingyuan , Fan Wenbo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the propagation characteristics of single-mode Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams under field atmospheric turbulence conditions. We constructed a 1200 meter experimental platform for representing vortex beams in the field. Accordingly, we analyzed the spot changes in an LG beam after transmitted through atmospheric turbulence. Based on the principle of Fresnel diffraction and the random phase screen method, we studied the evolution and spiral spectrum distribution of low-order LG beams transmitted by atmospheric turbulence by numerical simulation. Moreover, we carried out an experimental study regarding the LG beam propagation characteristics mainly based on field experiments. The experimental results indicate that after near-surface turbulent propagation, the LG beam gradually spreads, degree of phase singularity drift becomes larger, and spot size of the Gaussian beam grows faster than that of the LG beam with greater propagation distances. Finally, we concluded that LG beams are not significantly affected by turbulence. It also lays a foundation for the experimental study of vortex beam detection and wavefront correction at the receiving end in multiplexing communication.
Investigation of Mode Changing, Pulse Nulling and Subpulse Drifting Properties in the Asymmetric Conal Triple Radio Pulsar B2319+60
Authors: Chen Jian-Ling , Wen Zhi-Gang , Wang Hong-Guang , Wang Na , Yuen Rai , Gajjar Vishal , Yuan Jian-Ping , Wang Zhen , Yan Wen-Ming , Wang Jin-Peng , Lyu Cheng-Bing , Wang Hui , Duan Xue-Feng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report on a detailed analysis of the mode changing, nulling and subpulse drifting behavior of the conal triple pulsar B2319+60 at 1.5 GHz observed with the Nanshan 25 m radio telescope. The pulsar’s profile can be interpreted as resulting from a sightline traverse which cuts across an outer cone and tangentially grazes an inner cone. About 30 per cent of nulls are found to create alternating bunches of nulls and emission in a quasi-periodic manner with an averaged fluctuation rate of about four rotation periods (P
1). The presence of two distinct drift modes (A and ABN) plus a phase-stationary non-drift emission mode (B) is confirmed, and each corresponds to a different pulse profile. The mode A is dominated by a phase modulation in the trailing component with a circulation time of around 7P
1. In addition to a 3P
1 phase modulation in the leading component, mode ABN presents an amplitude modulation in the leading and trailing components with a period of around 40P
1. The emission region and geometry remain constant during mode changing. The diversity seen in the individual pulse behavior of the pulsar B2319+60 provides a unique window into the emission physics.
First-principles simulation of light-ion microscopy of graphene
Authors: Kononov Alina , Olmstead Alexandra , Baczewski Andrew D , Schleife André 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The extreme sensitivity of 2D materials to defects and nanostructure requires precise imaging techniques to verify presence of desirable and absence of undesirable features in the atomic geometry. Helium-ion beams have emerged as a promising materials imaging tool, achieving up to 20 times higher resolution and 10 times larger depth-of-field than conventional or environmental scanning electron microscopes. Here, we offer first-principles theoretical insights to advance ion-beam imaging of atomically thin materials by performing real-time time-dependent density functional theory simulations of single impacts of 10–200 keV light ions in free-standing graphene. We predict that detecting electrons emitted from the back of the material (the side from which the ion exits) would result in up to three times higher signal and up to five times higher contrast images, making 2D materials especially compelling targets for ion-beam microscopy. This predicted superiority of exit-side emission likely arises from anisotropic kinetic emission. The charge induced in the graphene equilibrates on a sub-fs time scale, leading to only slight disturbances in the carbon lattice that are unlikely to damage the atomic structure for any of the beam parameters investigated here.
Association of Low Hourly Wages in Middle Age With Faster Memory Decline in Older Age: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Kezios Katrina L , Zhang Adina , Kim Soohyun , Lu Peiyi , Glymour M Maria , Elfassy Tali , Al Hazzouri Adina Zeki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLittle research has investigated the long-term relationship between low wages and memory decline, despite the growing share of low-wage workers in the US labor market. Here, we examined whether cumulative exposure to low wages over 12 years in midlife is associated with memory decline in later life. Using 1992–2016 data from the Health and Retirement Study, we analyzed data from 2,879 individuals born in 1936–1941 using confounder-adjusted linear mixed-effects models. Low-wage work was defined as an hourly wage lower than two-thirds of the federal median wage for the corresponding year and was categorized into “never,” “intermittent,” and “sustained” based on wages earned from 1992 to 2004. Memory function was measured at each study visit from 2004 to 2016 via a memory composite score. The confounder-adjusted annual rate of memory decline among “never” low-wage earners was −0.12 standard units (95% confidence interval: −0.13, −0.10). Compared with this, memory decline among workers with sustained earning of low midlife wages was significantly faster (βtime×sustained = −0.014, 95% confidence interval: −0.02, −0.01), corresponding to an annual rate of −0.13 standard units for this group. Sustained low-wage earning in midlife was significantly associated with a downward trajectory of memory performance in older age. Enhancing social policies to protect low-wage workers may be especially beneficial for their cognitive health.
Spontaneous correction and new development of posterior crossbite from the deciduous to the mixed dentition
Authors: Khda Meryam , Kiliaridis Stavros , Antonarakis Gregory S 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Aim
To determine (a) the prevalence of spontaneous correction of posterior crossbites from the deciduous to the mixed dentition and (b) the development of new posterior crossbite cases during the eruption of the first permanent molars, in orthodontically untreated children.

Materials and methods
A cohort of pupils aged 4–12 years participated in annual dental screenings, from 2001 to 2019. Data were collected prospectively but examined retrospectively. Children were selected who had been initially screened in their deciduous dentition and on at least one consecutive year, presenting with a posterior crossbite in the deciduous or mixed dentition. Those with a posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition were evaluated to see whether the crossbite persisted in the mixed dentition, and vice versa.

Results
Of the 2571 children participating in the annual dental screenings, 1076 children were in the deciduous dentition at their first screening appointment, with 693 having attended at least two screening appointments. Of these 693 children, 70 had a posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition (10.1%). The crossbite persisted in the mixed dentition in only 16 out of these 70 children. Twenty-six out of the 623 children who did not have a posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition developed one in the mixed dentition.

Limitations
The retrospective data collection, multiple examiners carrying out the dental screenings, and the absence of data on para-functions and oral habits were some of the limitations of the present study.

Conclusions
In the present sample, 1 in 10 children have a posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition, which is however autocorrected in about three-quarters of cases. On the other hand, 4% of children developed a new crossbite in the mixed dentition. It may thus be reasonable in cases with posterior crossbite in the deciduous dentition to wait for the first permanent molars to erupt before initiating treatment.
How to evaluate resting ECG and imaging in children practising sport: a critical review and proposal of an algorithm for ECG interpretation
Authors: Ragazzoni Gian Luca , Cavigli Luna , Cavarretta Elena , Maffei Silvia , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Pastore Maria Concetta , Valente Serafina , Focardi Marta , Cameli Matteo , Di Salvo Giovanni , Pieles Guido , D’Ascenzi Flavio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe athlete’s heart is a well-known phenomenon in adults practising competitive sports. Unfortunately, to date, most of the studies on training-induced cardiac remodelling have been conducted in adults and the current recommendations refer mainly to adult individuals. However, an appropriate interpretation of resting ECG and imaging in children practising sports is crucial, given the possibility of early detect life-threatening conditions and managing therapy and eligibility to sports competitions in the rapidly growing paediatric athlete population. While several articles have been published on this topic in adult athletes, a practical guide for the clinical evaluation of paediatric athletes is still missing. In this critical review, we provided a comprehensive description of the current evidence on training-induced remodelling in paediatric athletes with a practical approach for clinicians on how to interpret the resting 12-lead ECG and cardiac imaging in the paediatric athlete. Indeed, given that training may mimic potential cardiovascular disorders, clinicians evaluating children practising sports should pay attention to the risk of missing a diagnosis of a life-threatening condition. However, this risk should be balanced with the risk of overdiagnosis and unwarranted disqualification from sports practice, when interpreting an ECG as pathological while, on the contrary, it may represent a physiological expression of athlete’s heart. Accordingly, we proposed an algorithm for the evaluation of normal, borderline, and abnormal ECG findings that can be useful for the readers for their daily clinical practice.
Association of Neutrophil Mediators With Dengue Disease Severity and Cardiac Impairment in Adults
Authors: Chia Po Ying , Teo Andrew , Yeo Tsin Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Cardiac impairment contributes to hypotension in severe dengue (SD). However, studies examining pathogenic factors affecting dengue-associated cardiac impairment are lacking. We examined the role of neutrophil mediators on cardiac impairment in clinical dengue.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled adult patients with dengue and controls. Cardiac parameters were measured using a bioimpedance device. Neutrophils mediators were measured, including myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3.

Results
We recruited 107 dengue patients and 30 controls. Patients with dengue were classified according to World Health Organization 2009 guidelines (44 with dengue fever [DF], 51 with DF with warning signs, and 12 with SD). During critical phase, stroke index (P &lt; .001), cardiac index (P = .03), and Granov-Goor index (P &lt; .001) were significantly lower in patients with dengue than in controls. During critical phase, MPO was significantly higher in patients with dengue than in controls (P &lt; .001) and also significantly higher in patients with SD than in those with DF. In addition, MPO was inversely associated with the stroke, cardiac, and Granov-Goor indexes, during the critical phase, and longitudinally as well.

Conclusions
Cardiac function was decreased, and MPO increased, during with critical phase in patients SD compared with those with DF and controls. MPO may mediate dengue-associated cardiac impairment.
Minimally Invasive Myomectomy: Practice Trends and Differences Between Black and Non-Black Women Within a Large Integrated Healthcare System
Authors: Zaritsky Eve , Le Amy , Tucker Lue-Yen , Ojo Anthonia , Weintraub Miranda Ritterman , Raine-Bennett Tina 
Published: September 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;226:826.e1–826.e11)
Some studies indicate that up to 80% of Black women will develop uterine fibroids. Hysterectomy, the definitive surgical option for women with symptomatic fibroids, is not an option for those who have not completed childbearing or wish to preserve their fertility.
Better Together. Group versus individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for tinnitus: A Multiple-Baseline Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: Lourenco Matheus P.C.G. , Fuller Thomas E. , Ranson Saskia , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Cima Rilana F.F. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Chronic tinnitus is effectively treated through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Both group and individual CBT for tinnitus are effective, but no study has directly compared the two. The current study explores group versus individual CBT for tinnitus.

Design:
A multiple-baseline single-case experimental design was employed to observe changes within/between individual and group treatments. Six participants started a 10-week CBT protocol and were equally divided into individual or group treatment. Participants were exchanged between treatments at random time points. Diary data included 14 variables on tinnitus experience (e.g. annoyance and distraction) and wellbeing (e.g. happiness and stress). Five male participants (59- to 67-year-old) completed treatment.

Results:
Randomization tests comparing means between individual and group treatments did not reveal significant differences. Analysis of data overlap and trend (Tau-U) revealed minor significant improvements for seven variables (50%) in group treatment as compared to individual treatment. Diminished happiness and activity levels were observed in participants who went from group to individual treatment.

Conclusions:
Low effect sizes and homogeneity of sample restrict the generalizability of data. Group CBT indicated potential benefits when compared to individual CBT. Social learning may be an underlying process in group delivery boosting tinnitus recovery. Findings are limited to male patients with chronic disabling tinnitus.