bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous phenotypic modulation explains male horn allometry in three dung beetle species
Authors: Laini Alex , Roggero Angela , Palestrini Claudia , Rolando Antonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany dung beetle species show male horn polyphenism, the ability of males to develop into distinct phenotypes without intermediate forms as a response to the larval growth environment. While males with long (majors) and rudimentary (minor) horn have been widely reported in literature, little is known about the existence of individuals with intermediate horn length. Here we investigate the occurrence of intermediates in natural populations of three dung beetle species (Onthophagus furcatus, Copris lunaris and C. hispanus). We analysed the body size-horn length relationship using linear, exponential, and sigmoidal models with different error structures. We inferred the number of individuals in the minor, intermediate, and major groups by combining changepoint analysis and simulation from fitted allometric models. The sigmoidal equation was a better descriptor of the body size-horn length relationship than linear or exponential equations in all the three studied species. Our results indicated that the number of intermediates equals or exceeds the number of minor and major males. This work provides evidence that, at least in the studied species, males with intermediate horn length exist in natural populations. For similar cases we therefore suggest that continuous phenotypic modulation rather than discrete polyphenism can explain variation in male horn allometry.
Dynamic experiments of acid mine drainage with Rhodopseudomonas spheroides activated lignite immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria particles treatment
Authors: Di Junzhen , Ma Yiming , Wang Mingjia , Gao Zhenyu , Xu Xiaotain , Dong Yanrong , Fu Saiou , Li Hanzhe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAiming at the problem that the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biological method is susceptible to pH, metal ions, sulfate and carbon source. Lignite immobilized SRB particles (SRB-LP) and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (R. spheroides) activated lignite immobilized SRB particles (R-SRB-LP) were prepared using microbial immobilization technology with SRB, R. spheroides and lignite as the main substrates. The dynamic experimental columns 1# and 2# were constructed with SRB-LP and R-SRB-LP as fillers, respectively, to investigate the dynamic repair effect of SRB-LP and R-SRB-LP on AMD. The mechanism of AMD treated with R-L-SRB particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The result showed that the combination of R. spheroides and lignite could continuously provide carbon source for SRB, so that the highest removal rates of SO42−, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in AMD by R-SRB-LP were 93.97%, 98.52% and 94.42%, respectively, and the highest pH value was 7.60. The dynamic repair effect of R-SRB-LP on AMD was significantly better than that of SRB-LP. The characterization results indicated that after R-SRB-LP reaction, the functional groups of −OH and large benzene ring structure in lignite were broken, the lignite structure was destroyed, and the specific surface area was 1.58 times larger than before reaction. It illustrated that R. spheroides provided carbon source for SRB by degrading lignite. The strong SRB activity in R-SRB-LP, SRB can co-treat AMD with lignite, so that the dynamic treatment effect of R-SRB-LP on AMD is significantly better than that of SRB-LP.
Targeting aberrant replication and DNA repair events for treating breast cancers
Authors: Rajamanickam Subapriya , Park Jun Hyoung , Subbarayalu Panneerdoss , Timilsina Santosh , Bates Kaitlyn , Yadav Pooja , Nirzhor Saif S. R. , Eedunuri Vijay , Mohammad Tabrez A. , Jung Kwang Hwa , Onyeagucha Benjamin , Abdelfattah Nourhan , Benevides Raymond , Lee Grace , Chen Yidong , Vadlamudi Ratna , Brenner Andrew , Kaklamani Virginia , Jatoi Ismail , Kuhn John , Hromas Robert , Gupta Yogesh K. , Kaipparettu Benny A. , Arbiser Jack L. , Rao Manjeet K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe major limitations of DNA-targeting chemotherapy drugs include life-threatening toxicity, acquired resistance and occurrence of secondary cancers. Here, we report a small molecule, Carbazole Blue (CB), that binds to DNA and inhibits cancer growth and metastasis by targeting DNA-related processes that tumor cells use but not the normal cells. We show that CB inhibits the expression of pro-tumorigenic genes that promote unchecked replication and aberrant DNA repair that cancer cells get addicted to survive. In contrast to chemotherapy drugs, systemic delivery of CB suppressed breast cancer growth and metastasis with no toxicity in pre-clinical mouse models. Using PDX and ex vivo explants from estrogen receptor (ER) positive, ER mutant and TNBC patients, we further demonstrated that CB effectively blocks therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant breast cancer growth without affecting normal breast tissue. Our data provide a strong rationale to develop CB as a viable therapeutic for treating breast cancers.
Targeting protein kinases in cancer stem cells
Authors: Chu Chin Ngok , Lee Terence Kin Wah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cancer cells within the tumor bulk that have emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence has shown the critical involvement of protein kinase signaling pathways in driving tumor development, cancer relapse, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Given that protein kinases are druggable targets for cancer therapy, tremendous efforts are being made to target CSCs with kinase inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and overview of the roles of protein kinases in various signaling pathways in CSC regulation and drug resistance. Furthermore, we provide an update on the preclinical and clinical studies for the use of kinase inhibitors alone or in combination with current therapies for effective cancer therapy. Despite great premises for the use of kinase inhibitors against CSCs, further investigations are needed to evaluate their efficiencies without any adverse effects on normal stem cells.
Exploring the Spatio‐Temporal Aware Graph for video captioning
Authors: Xue Ping , Zhou Bing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDescribing video content automatically in natural language sentences is a long‐standing challenge in computer vision. Although existing methods that capture relational information among objects have made significant strides in the past years, the detailed geometrical and temporal information of objects remains to be further explored. To address this problem, a novel Spatio‐Temporal Aware Graph is proposed to capture more elaborate visual representations, which are able to exploit the detailed spatio‐temporal clues of the extracted object features. By performing graph‐structured aggregation, the proposed model is capable of capturing not only the interactions among objects but also the detailed spatio‐temporal relations. Meanwhile, a Frame Similarity Graph is constructed on frame features to learn comprehensive representations, which aim to extract the global information that the object feature lacks. Moreover, to capture rich video semantics from different perspectives, multiple video representations, that is appearance and motion information, are utilised to learn discriminative representations. Experiments on the prevalent benchmarks: Microsoft Video Description Corpus and Microsoft Research Video to Text demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance in several widely used evaluation metrics: BLEU‐4, METEOR, ROUGE, and CIDEr.
Automatic construction of real‐world‐based typing‐error test dataset
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hun , Kwon Hyuk‐Chul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aim to automatically construct a test dataset for testing the performance of spelling error correction systems. The Google Web 1T corpus, which includes data on 10 quadrillion phrases, is used for this purpose. Therefore, error words used in the test dataset use error words generated by real web users. There are seven types of error words. In order to obtain the error word, a word set that appears simultaneously with the surrounding context (3‐g range) of the location of the error word generation is searched. In this calculation, we exclude error words with wide edit distances that cause the resolution of original words to become exceedingly difficult. In order to select the final error word from the word set, a word with a high value is selected by calculating the context probability using 3‐g. In the experiment, the performance was measured for two systems (grammarly, MS Word) in service and the recently announced spelling error correction system (Neuspell). The highest performance was the F1 score of 56%, which shows the overall performance, indicating the need for research on spelling errors.
Parameter identification of small distributed hydro generators during excitation system start‐up
Authors: Arastou Alireza , Rabieyan Hadi , Karrari Hesam , Karrari Mehdi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConcerning the penetration of renewable energy resources into the power grid, investigation of the power system dynamics to meet the power demand and maintain stability has gathered momentum recently. On the other hand, evaluating the generator parameters in the distributed generation (DG) units as a subsystem of a large‐scale power grid is crucial for control and stability analysis purposes. To this aim, a simple and efficacious algorithm to identify the operational parameters of synchronous generators (SGs) in small hydro DGs is proposed here. The required data for the SG identification using the recommended approach is gathered during excitation system start‐up while the DG is disconnected from the grid. Using the proposed test procedure, the adverse impact of magnetic saturation on estimation results can be avoided. Furthermore, a straightforward parameter estimation (PE) procedure is established here to obtain the intended parameters from the recorded data. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a 10 MW hydro DG, and the results are discussed.
A novel control technique for on‐load tap changer to enlarge the reactive power capability of wind power plants
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Bakhtyar , Blaabjerg Frede 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper suggests a new control algorithm for On‐Load Tap Changer (OLTC) of wind farm main transformer that is responsible for voltage regulation of collector network. The conventional control scheme adjusts the voltage of LV side of transformer without considering the wind turbine voltages. The voltage of end‐string wind turbines may reach the upper or lower limits of Over or Under‐Excited operation regions. Voltages close to upper or lower limits bounds the reactive power capability (generation or consumption) of wind farm due to dependency of wind turbine reactive power capability to voltage. Operation of wind turbine at extreme voltages may stress its power electronic devices. Furthermore, minor disturbances at either grid or power plant may trigger the protection system and interrupt generation due to vicinity of operation point to protection thresholds. The suggested technique integrates the OLTC control into the power plant controller and considers both LV side voltage of transformer and wind turbine voltages. By monitoring the wind turbine voltages, the voltage setpoint of OLTC is adjusted to provide voltages closer to middle of range for wind turbines that prevents the wind turbines from reaching the voltage limits. Dynamical simulations conducted in DigSILENT PowerFactory software for both Under‐Excited and Over‐Excited operation regions demonstrate desired performance for the suggested technique.
A lateral trajectory tracking control method for intelligent commercial vehicles considering active anti‐roll decision based on Stackelberg equilibrium
Authors: Yan Yang , Wu Jian , Liu Xin , Zhao Ying , Wang Shuai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExisting research on path following strategies generally does not consider the interference effect of active anti‐roll (AAR) action. This seriously affects the driving safety under extreme obstacle avoidance and other conditions. Therefore, based on the non‐cooperative Stackelberg equilibrium theory, this research proposes a lateral trajectory tracking strategy that considers AAR decision. First, a yaw‐roll coupled dynamic model of commercial vehicle with front wheel angle and AAR moment as input is established to describe the coupling effect of vehicle lateral and roll motions. Then, based on the Stackelberg equilibrium theory, active front steering (AFS) system and AAR bar system are modelled as the leader and follower in the leader–follower collaborative control strategy, respectively. Finally, simulation and experiments show that the leader–follower collaborative control strategy can effectively improve the control conflict between the two systems and improve the anti‐roll performance during trajectory tracking.
Method for optimising the performance of PML in anchor‐loss limited model via COMSOL
Authors: Li Peng , Ou Jun‐Yu , Yan Jize 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPerfectly matched layer has been used for solving anchor‐loss limited quality factor in the Micro electromechanical systems. However, setting up a well‐behaved perfectly matched layer requires users to change the parameters of a perfectly matched layer to give correct results, while the current existing methods for choosing the right parameters are vague and lack theoretical support. Based on the mathematical theory of perfectly matched layer and simulation results of a beam structure's quality factor, this paper proposes a method for choosing the parameter to optimise the performance of perfectly matched layer in COMSOL. The accuracy of the proposed method is proved by matching the effect of substrate height on beam's quality factor with theory prediction. The author also studies the effect of beam height and beam width on the quality factor of the beam. The results demonstrate that simulated quality factors are in agreement with analytical values when the ratio of height over length is small but will show great divergence when height equals the length. This trend can be observed for the beam width as well. Especially for larger ratio of beam width over beam length, instead of decreasing monotonously as analytical equitation would expect, the simulated quality factor will converge into a stable value of 1700, which matches the result of two‐dimensional model for the same beam structure. This means that a three‐dimensional model has to be used for estimating the quality factor of a beam structure.
In-hospital production of 3D-printed casts for non-displaced wrist and hand fractures
Authors: Factor Shai , Atlan Franck , Pritsch Tamir , Rumack Netta , Golden Eran , Dadia Solomon 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To examine the clinical feasibility and results of a multidisciplinary workflow, employing rapid three-dimensional (3D) scanning and modeling software along with a high-speed printer, for in-hospital production of patient-specific 3D-printed casts, for the treatment of non-displaced wrist and hand fractures. Methods: Consenting adult patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to wrist or hand fractures between January and February 2021 were prospectively enrolled. The study participants underwent conversion of the standard plaster of Paris cast to a 3D-printed cast one week after the ED visit, and follow-up examinations were performed around two, six, and twelve weeks later. The primary objective was to examine the clinical feasibility in terms of complexity and length of the overall procedure. Secondary outcomes were patient-reported impressions and radiological results. Results: Twenty patients (16 males, mean age 37 ± 13.1 years) were included. The entire printing workflow took a mean of 161 ± 8 min. All patients demonstrated clinical improvement and fracture union at final follow-up, with no pressure sores or loss of reduction. Patient-reported comfort and satisfaction rates were excellent. The mean Visual Analog Scale was 0.9 ± 1.1 and 0.6 ± 1, and the mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 18.7 ± 9.5 and 7.6 ± 7.6 at 2 and 6 weeks after application of the 3D-printed cast, respectively. Conclusion: The in-hospital workflow was feasible and efficient, with excellent clinical and radiographic results and high patient satisfaction and comfort rates. Our medical center now routinely provides this cast option for non-displaced wrist and hand fractures.
Level of evidence: IV, Therapeutic Study
Hyperuricemia Associated with Low Skeletal Muscle in the Middle-Aged
and Elderly Population in China
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Wu Li , Li Qian , Hu Yu , Ma Hui , Lin Huandong , Gao Xin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Previous studies have presented inconsistent results on the
relationship between serum uric acid and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). We aimed to
explore whether a higher serum uric acid level was associated with low SMM in
the Chinese population.
Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 6595 subjects aged 45
years or older. They were tested for fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol,
triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and
estimated glomerular filtration rate. SMM was accessed by dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometry using two approaches: weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal
muscle mass (ASM)% and ASM/BMI (body mass index
(kg/m2)). Low SMM was defined as a cut-off point of
ASM/BMI<0.789 for men and<0.512 for women.
Results Compared with their normal group, patients with hyperuricemia had
lower ASM% (29.33±2.33 vs 30.03±2.34 for males and
24.71±1.99 vs 25.19±2.07 for females, P<0.01) and
ASM/BMI (0.83±0.10 vs 0.85±0.10 for male and
0.60±0.07 vs 0.62±0.07 for female), with a higher prevalence of
the associated low SMM in both sexes (35.2 vs 26.5% for male and 10.5 vs
5.9% for female, P<0.01). Pearson analysis showed that
ASM% and ASM/BMI were negatively correlated with SUA (male:
ASM/BMI, r=−0.097, ASM%,
r=−0.146; female: ASM/BMI, r=−0.151,
ASM%, r=−0.157; all P<0.001). Logistic
regression analysis showed a positive association of hyperuricemia with adjusted
risk of low SMM association.
Conclusions In a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population, hyperuricemia
is independently and positively associated with low SMM and can vary by age and
gender.
Amine Oxidation by Electrochemically Generated Peroxodicarbonate
Authors: Gooßen Lukas J. , Seitz Ann-Katrin , van Lingen Tim , Dyga Marco , Kohlpaintner Philipp J. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe N-oxidation of tertiary amines was achieved by using electrochemically generated peroxodicarbonate solutions as sustainable oxidizers. The presence of EDTA and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone as a mediator was found to be crucial for converting water-insoluble substrates. Various tertiary amines were converted into their corresponding N-oxides in yields of up to 98%. The scope includes economically important surfactants and potential platform oxidizers.
Nerve Imaging in the Wrist
Authors: Daniels Steven P. , De Tolla Jadie E. , Azad Ali , Petchprapa Catherine N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeuropathic symptoms involving the wrist are a common clinical presentation that can be due to a variety of causes. Imaging plays a key role in differentiating distal nerve lesions in the wrist from more proximal nerve abnormalities such as a cervical radiculopathy or brachial plexopathy. Imaging complements electrodiagnostic testing by helping define the specific lesion site and by providing anatomical information to guide surgical planning. This article reviews nerve anatomy, normal and abnormal findings on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, and common and uncommon causes of neuropathy.
Current Trends of Research Productivity among Students Matching at Top Ophthalmology Programs
Authors: Zhou Benjamin , Srinivasan Nivetha , Nadkarni Shree , Taruvai Varun , Song Amy , Khouri Albert S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Importance San Francisco Match publishes no data on the research output of matched applicants to an ophthalmology residency.
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the temporal trends in publication volume by medical students who successfully matched into a top ophthalmology residency.
Methods This retrospective case series compared all residents in the top 30 ophthalmology residency programs from the class of 2022 and 2017. Publication volume from before September 15th of the residents' fourth year of medical school was recorded using PubMed and Google Scholar. We recorded total number of publications (any authorship), first/second author publications, and ophthalmology-specific publications. Using Welch's t-test, publication volumes were statistically compared against all others.
Results One-hundred sixty-one residents from the class of 2022 and 145 residents from the class of 2017 were included. Total publications per matched applicant (mean ± standard deviation) were 3.04 ± 0.35 for the class of 2022 and 1.67 ± 0.23 for the class of 2017. Mean publications in ophthalmology journals were 1.07 ± 0.20 (2022) and 0.58 ± 0.13 (2017); mean first author publications were 1.00 ± 0.13 (2022) and 0.64 ± 0.11 (2017) and mean second author publications were 0.70 ± 0.10 (2022) and 0.37 ± 0.06 (2017). Research productivity in all four metrics (total, ophthalmology journals, first author, and second author publications) was significantly higher for the class of 2022 than the class of 2017 (p = 0.001; p = 0.03; p = 0.03; p = 0.02, respectively) supporting the trend of increasing research output among students. Applicants with PhD degrees had statistically more total and first author publications in 2017 (p = 0.01; p = 0.045), but only more first author publications in 2022 (p = 0.01). International applicants produced significantly more total publications in 2022 (p < 0.001).
Conclusions Overall, after a 5-year period, the authors found matched applicants had significantly increased publications compared with those at the beginning of the period. We also identified several applicant factors that may have variable effects on research publication. This analysis emphasizes the growing importance of research in the match process and can help future applicants navigate the ophthalmology match.
High power high voltage bias-T for half wave resonators and radio frequency quadrupole couplers
Authors: Kaizer B. , Weissman L. , Perry A. , Zchut T. , Fishman I. , Rodnizki J. , Eizenshtat M. , Farber E. 
Published: May 2022

High power high voltage bias-T units capable of delivering up to 100 kW CW RF power at 176 MHz and up to 4 kV DC were developed at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center for the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility linac. Two separate bias-T units with different requirements were designed for the radio frequency quadrupole couplers and the half wave resonator couplers. The purpose of this bias-T is to prevent multipacting phenomena by application of a high voltage DC bias to inner conductors of RF couplers. Underlying design principles, indigenous development, and successful off-line and on-line tests results are presented.