bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fifty years of reduction in sulphur deposition drives recovery in soil pH and plant communities
Authors: Seaton Fiona M. , Robinson David A. , Monteith Don , Lebron Inma , Bürkner Paul , Tomlinson Sam , Emmett Bridget A. , Smart Simon M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Sulphur deposition through rainfall has led to species loss and ecosystem degradation globally, and across Europe huge reductions in sulphur emissions since the 1970s were expected to promote the recovery of acidified ecosystems. However, the rate and ecological impact of recovery from acidification in terrestrial ecosystems is still unclear as is the influence of management and climate, as to date there has been no long‐term spatially extensive evaluation of these changes.

Here, we present data from thousands of sites across Great Britain (pH range 3.3–8.7) surveyed repeatedly from 1978–2019 and assess change in soil pH and plant acidity preference (Ellenberg R) in response to atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen. We analyse change in grasslands managed for pasture, referred to as high‐intensity habitats, and compare to seminatural habitats comprising rough grassland, broadleaved woodland, bog and heathland, referred to as low‐intensity habitats.

Soil pH increased from 1978 to 2007 but then decreased between 2007 and 2019, resulting in a net increase of ~0.2 pH units in low‐intensity habitats but no change in high‐intensity habitats. The community average Ellenberg R increased in seminatural habitats by ~0.2 units but remained stable in intensive grasslands.

In seminatural habitats, but not intensive grasslands, these changes in plant community composition were associated with the soil pH changes which were in turn linked to decreasing sulphur deposition and differences in rainfall.

Nitrogen deposition, which was relatively stable over the survey period, showed no additional effect upon soil acidity once sulphur deposition was accounted for.

Synthesis: Our results provide conclusive evidence that reductions in acid emissions are stimulating the gradual recovery of chronically acidified terrestrial ecosystems at a whole‐country scale, while also suggesting this recovery is being compromised by changing climate and land management.
Sex ed for social justice: Using principles of hip-hop–based education to rethink school-based sex education
Authors: Guanci Sin R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForming and sustaining healthy relationships of any kind requires empathy, thought, communication and effort, all of which are learned skills. Many of these skills can and should be learned in a variety of places, including and especially in schools. One of the most appropriate venues for teaching interpersonal relationship skills in school is through ‘sex ed’ classes. I argue that student-centred, anti-racist, culturally affirming and appropriate, inclusive, egalitarian and relationship-based learning environments are necessary for sex education that benefits all students. The principles of hip-hop-based pedagogies, including Christopher Emdin's Reality Pedagogy, Bettina Love's Abolitionist Pedagogy and Rawls and Robinson's Youth Culture Pedagogy can serve as a useful theoretical framework around which to build sex education curriculum and policy. School-based sex education (SBSE) based on these principles may prove extremely beneficial not only to all students and their individual sense of identity and sexual autonomy but also to the general welfare of the public in the long run.
Introduction to the Suite: Political education for human transformation
Authors: Saito Naoko , Laugier Sandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This is a brief introduction to the second part of a suite of papers on the theme ‘Political Education for Human Transformation’. Sceptical of the familiar and somewhat narrow frameworks for citizenship education, this East-West collaboration looks again at the very idea, and the possible means, of education for democracy. It examines the principle of an equality of voices as crucial to mature democratic citizenship, expanding on this through the idea of the ‘education of one's experience’. This is a matter not of introspection but rather of turning attention outward—towards the language we use, the way others are treated, works of art and popular culture—in order to be more critically awake and to experience more fully how the world comes to light. We introduce papers by Alexis Gibbs and Léa Boman, which respectively consider the reflections of de Tocqueville on democracy in the United States and Emerson's essay ‘Self-Reliance’. Together, these essays contribute to an understanding of the manner in which we are always already implicated in structures of power. They offer a redefinition of political subjectivity.
The gendered division of paid and domestic work under lockdown
Authors: Andrew Alison , Cattan Sarah , Costa Dias Monica , Farquharson Christine , Kraftman Lucy , Krutikova Sonya , Phimister Angus , Sevilla Almudena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper provides novel empirical evidence on the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the division of labour between parents of school‐aged children in two‐parent opposite‐gender families. In line with existing evidence, we find that mothers’ paid work took a larger hit than that of fathers, and that mothers spent substantially longer doing childcare and housework than their partners. We go further to show that these gender differences cannot be explained by gender differences in the industries and occupations in which parents worked prior to the lockdown. Nor can they be explained by gender differences in earnings prior to the crisis: independently of which parent earned the most before the pandemic, it tended to be the mothers who adjusted time spent on paid and unpaid work more significantly. This is the case even in households where only one partner remained active in paid work. While we cannot fully rule out that these asymmetric responses are explained by gender differences in productivity in domestic work, our results do suggest that other factors, such as gender norms, may play an important role.
Understanding the rising trend in female labour force participation
Authors: Hérault Nicolas , Kalb Guyonne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFemale labour force participation has increased tremendously since World War II in developed countries. Prior research provides piecemeal evidence identifying some drivers of change but largely fails to present a consistent story. Using a rare combination of data and modelling capacity available in Australia, we develop a new decomposition approach to explain rising female labour force participation since the mid‐1990s. The approach allows us to identify the role of tax and transfer policy reforms as well as three other factors that have been shown to matter by earlier studies: (i) changes in real wages; (ii) population composition changes; and (iii) changes in labour supply preference parameters. For the first time, all these factors are identified through a single consistent decomposition framework. A key result is that – despite the ongoing emphasis of public policy on improved work incentives for women in Australia and elsewhere – changes in financial incentives due to tax and transfer policy reforms have contributed relatively little to achieve these large increases in participation. Instead, the other three factors drive the increased female labour force participation.
Molecular profiles of single circulating tumor cells from early breast cancer patients with different lymph node statuses
Authors: Pang Shuyun , Xu Shu , Wang Lulu , Wu Haiping , Chu Yanan , Ma Xueping , Li Yujiao , Zou Bingjie , Wang Shaohua , Zhou Guohua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCharacterization of early breast cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide valuable information on tumor metastasis.MethodsWe used immunomagnetic nanospheres to capture CTCs from the peripheral blood of eight early breast cancer patients and then performed single‐cell RNA sequencing using our proposed bead‐dd‐seq method.ResultsCTCs displayed obvious tumor cell characteristics, such as the activation of oxidative stress, proliferation, and promotion of metastasis. CTCs were clustered into two subtypes significantly correlated with the lymph node metastasis status of patients. CTCs in subtype 1 showed a strong metastatic ability because these CTCs have the phenotype of partial epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and enriched transcripts, indicating breast cancer responsiveness and proliferation. Furthermore, DNA damage repair pathways were significantly upregulated in subtype 1. We performed in vitro and in vivo investigations, and found that cellular oxidative stress and further DNA damage existed in CTCs. The activated DNA damage repair pathway in CTCs favors resistance to cisplatin. A checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor sensitized CTCs to cisplatin in mouse models of breast cancer metastasis.ConclusionThe present study dissects the molecular characteristics of CTCs from early‐stage breast cancer, providing novel insight into the understanding of CTC behavior in breast cancer metastasis.
Rapid and reliable collection of tumor tissue for successful gene panel in a patient with advanced stage lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Kunimasa Kei , Inoue Takako , Kai Yugo , Kanzaki Ryu , Kawagishi Sachi , Yoshida Ken‐ichi , Honma Keiichiro , Tamiya Motohiro , Kawamura Takahisa , Nishino Kazumi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRapid and reliable identification of targetable driver mutations in patients with advanced stage lung cancer is essential. Adequate amount of tumor tissue biopsies (i.e., genomic biopsies) are required to successfully analyze the gene panel. In the present case, we performed three pleural fluid investigations, including transbronchial biopsy of the primary tumor, transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) of lymph node metastasis, and thoracoscopic biopsy of the pleural seeding sites. Among the three investigations, thoracoscopic biopsy alone successfully obtained a sufficient amount of tissue. Thus, it is important to determine the technique and site of biopsy, as multiple biopsies are not only burdensome to the patient, but also lead to significant delays in therapy induction.
Genome polarisation for detecting barriers to geneflow
Authors: Baird Stuart J. E. , Petružela Jan , Jaroň Izar , Škrabánek Pavel , Martínková Natália 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Semi‐permeable barriers to geneflow in principle allow distantly related organisms to capture and exchange pre‐adapted genes potentially speeding adaptation. However, describing barriers to geneflow on a genomic scale is non‐trivial.

We extend classic diagnostic allele counting measures of geneflow across a barrier to the case of genome‐scale data. Diagnostic index expectation maximisation (diem) polarises the labelling of bistate markers with respect to the sides of a barrier. An initial state of ignorance is enforced by starting with randomly generated marker polarisations. This means there is no prior on population or taxon membership of the genomes concerned. Using a deterministic data labelling, small numbers of classic diagnostic markers can be replaced by large numbers of markers, each with a diagnostic index. Individuals' hybrid indices (genome admixture proportions) are then calculated genome wide conditioned on marker diagnosticity; within diploid, haplodiploid and/or haploid genome compartments; or indeed over any subset of markers, allowing classical cline width/barrier strength comparisons along genomes. Along‐genome barrier strength heterogeneity allows for barrier regions to be identified. Furthermore, blocks of genetic material that have introgressed across a barrier are easily identified with high power.

diem indicates panmixis among Myotis myotis bat genomes, with a barrier separating low data quality outliers. In a Mus musculus domesticus/Mus spretus system, diem adds multiple introgressions of olfactory (and vomeronasal) gene clusters in one direction to previous demonstrations of a pesticide resistance gene introgressing in the opposite direction across a strong species barrier.

diem is a genome analysis solution, which scales over reduced representation genomics of thousands of markers to treatment of all variant sites in large genomes. While the method lends itself to visualisation, its output of markers with barrier‐informative annotation will fuel research in population genetics, phylogenetics and association studies. diem can equip such downstream applications with millions of informative markers.
Drivers of collapse of fire‐killed trees
Authors: Lindenmayer David , McBurney Lachlan , Blanchard Wade 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge quantities of dead wood can be generated by disturbances such as wildfires. Dead trees created by disturbances play many critical ecological roles in forest ecosystems globally. The ability of deadwood to serve its ecological roles is contingent, in part, on the length of time trees remain standing following disturbance. Here, we briefly outline the results of a 10‐year study that aimed to quantify the rate of collapse of trees killed in a major wildfire in the wet ash forests of mainland south‐eastern Australia. We also quantified the factors associated with dead tree collapse. Our analyses revealed that 23% of 417 measured trees collapsed between 2011 and 2021. The most parsimonious model of the factors influencing tree collapse revealed a strong effect of diameter; smaller diameter trees were more likely to collapse over the 10 years of our study than larger diameter trees. In addition, trees in small and large patches were more likely to collapse than trees in contiguous forest (where there had been no logging in the surrounding area). If current rates of tree fall are maintained, then many of trees initially measured will have collapsed by 2030. Such losses of dead trees will have major negative effects on key values of ash‐type forests such as biodiversity conservation.
Computerized electrocardiogram data transformation enables effective algorithmic differentiation of wideQRScomplex tachycardias
Authors: Kashou Anthony H. , LoCoco Sarah , Shaikh Preet A. , Katbamna Bhavesh B. , Sehrawat Ojasav , Cooper Daniel H. , Sodhi Sandeep S. , Cuculich Phillip S. , Gleva Marye J. , Deych Elena , Zhou Ruiwen , Liu Lei , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Noseworthy Peter A. , DeSimone Christopher V. , May Adam M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccurate automated wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) differentiation into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) can be accomplished using calculations derived from computerized electrocardiogram (ECG) data of paired WCT and baseline ECGs.ObjectiveDevelop and trial novel WCT differentiation approaches for patients with and without a corresponding baseline ECG.MethodsWe developed and trialed WCT differentiation models comprised of novel and previously described parameters derived from WCT and baseline ECG data. In Part 1, a derivation cohort was used to evaluate five different classification models: logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), Random Forests [RF], support vector machine (SVM), and ensemble learning (EL). In Part 2, a separate validation cohort was used to prospectively evaluate the performance of two LR models using parameters generated from the WCT ECG alone (Solo Model) and paired WCT and baseline ECGs (Paired Model).ResultsOf the 421 patients of the derivation cohort (Part 1), a favorable area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) by all modeling subtypes: LR (0.96), ANN (0.96), RF (0.96), SVM (0.96), and EL (0.97). Of the 235 patients of the validation cohort (Part 2), the Solo Model and Paired Model achieved a favorable AUC for 103 patients with (Solo Model 0.87; Paired Model 0.95) and 132 patients without (Solo Model 0.84; Paired Model 0.95) a corroborating electrophysiology procedure or intracardiac device recording.ConclusionAccurate WCT differentiation may be accomplished using computerized data of (i) the WCT ECG alone and (ii) paired WCT and baseline ECGs.
Effectiveness of strengths use interventions in organizations: A pre‐registered meta‐analysis of controlled trials
Authors: Virga Delia , Rusu Andrei , Pap Zselyke , Maricuțoiu Laurențiu , Tisu Luca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aims to clarify where we stand and where we are heading regarding the effectiveness of employee strengths use interventions. The systematic literature search yielded 21 independent controlled trials. Random‐effects meta‐analyses revealed a weak but significant effect for increasing individual strategies at post‐intervention (d = .37, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.07, .67]) and a non‐significant one at follow‐up (d = .15, 95% CI [−.11, .40]); personal resources demonstrated a moderate post‐intervention increase (d = .53, 95% CI [.25, .81]) and a small one at follow‐up (d = .33, 95% CI [.18, .49]); and small and significant improvements were also observed for workplace well‐being (post‐intervention: d = .31, 95% CI [.21, .41]; follow‐up: d = .27, 95% CI [.10, .43]), general well‐being (post‐intervention: d = .24, 95% CI [.10, .38]; follow‐up: d = .18, 95% CI [.07, .30]), and post‐intervention performance (d = .28, 95% CI [.11, .45]). Follow‐up performance ceased to be significant (d = .22, 95% CI [−.15, .59]). Lengthier interventions were associated with stronger long‐term gains in personal resources and workplace well‐being; younger participants had stronger immediate boosts to personal resources. Strengths use interventions are a promising new approach in the evidence‐based practice of organizational and occupational health psychologists, highlighting the benefits of building on human potential for employees and organizations alike.
Loss of nervous system complexity – Morphological analyses shed light on the neuronal evolution in Myzostomida (Annelida)
Authors: Beckers Patrick , Gebhardt Tobias , Helm Conrad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMyzostomida are putatively nested within the errant Annelida and exhibit a unique morphology. The latter fact might possibly be related to their long host‐dependent radiation. Hence, an incomplete segmentation, lack of prominent sensory structures in adults and a dorso‐ventrally flattened body are just some examples. Although numerous investigations of the nervous system exist for myzostomids, detailed ultrastructural as well as histological examinations of neuronal structures are lacking so far. Therefore, we investigate the nervous system of Myzostoma cirriferum Leuckart, 1836 using a comparative approach including paraffin histology, serial semi‐thin sections, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural investigations. Our analyses reveal a lack of complexity within the anterior‐most neuronal condensation (herein called brain) of adult specimens. Hence, prominent tracts or glomeruli are absent, and a glial layer surrounding the brain or radial‐like glial cells are lacking. Nevertheless, the ultrastructure of the ventral nervous system is comparable to other Errantia. Therefore, our investigations hint towards a reduction of neuronal complexity in Myzostomida. Additionally, an ontogenetic simplification seems plausible, although further investigations are necessary to verify such a hypothesis. A simplification of neuronal structures due to a drastic change in lifestyle was so far mainly observed for basally branching annelid clades.
Exploring sexual differences in external morphology and limb muscles of Hylarana guentheri (Anura: Ranidae) during non‐breeding season
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Shunde , Jiang Jianping , He Bing , Zhang Meihua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudying sexual dimorphism facilitates better understanding of the general intersexual divergence of the same species and gives insights into the impact of selective forces on each sex. The sexual dimorphism in anuran external morphology or limb muscles has been well studied in reproductive context, but less so outside the breeding season. Herein, the intersexual differences in 12 external morphological characteristics, 11 forelimb and 12 hindlimb muscles of Hylarana guentheri during non‐breeding season were investigated. We found that the males possessed significantly greater head width and tympanum diameter, while the females had significantly larger body size and head length; there was no sexual differences in the examined limb muscles, except for the mass of flexor carpi radialis. The larger body size means greater fertility for the females, and the longer head may be related to the allometry and reduce resource competition. For the males, the wider head is likely correlated with prey size and male–male competition, and also, the larger tympanum and heavier flexor carpi radialis probably aid the productive success. This study provides the comprehensive morphological accounts about the sexual differences of H. guentheri during non‐breeding season, which will contribute to clarify the sex‐specific resource allocation and reproductive strategies of anurans.
Adherence to prescription medication during pregnancy: Do pregnant women use pharmacological treatment as prescribed?
Authors: de Korte Beau A. C. , Smeets Nori J. L. , Colbers Angela , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , van Gelder Marleen M. H. J. 
Published: November 2022

AimsPregnant women are hypothesized to have low adherence to prescribed medication, because of concerns about harmful effects on the unborn child. However, very little is known about the actual adherence to prescribed medication during pregnancy. We determined to what extent women follow treatment recommendations regarding prescribed medication use in mid‐pregnancy.MethodsDutch women participating in the PRIDE Study completed a 6‐week diary on medication use. Additionally, pharmacy records were obtained. For each medication dispensed, we determined 3 measures of adherence: (i) whether use was reported in the diary (actual use); (ii) difference between dispensing date and date of first reported use (initiation time); and (iii) proportion of days with at least the correct number of doses taken (implementation adherence).ResultsDuring the 6‐week study period, 235 of 816 women (29%) were dispensed medication. Actual use was highest for medications used for chronic conditions (88%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 81–93), followed by medication for pregnancy‐related conditions (79%; 95% CI 71–86) and medication for occasional and short‐time use (69%; 95% CI 60–77). We observed a ≥1‐day delay in treatment initiation for 42% of medications dispensed for the first time in the study period. Mean implementation adherence was 74.2% (95% CI 69.3–79.2) for medications that were actually used.ConclusionAlthough actual use of medications dispensed was high, many pregnant women did not adhere to treatment recommendations. This nonadherence may impact maternal and child health and lead to overestimation of medication use in studies in perinatal pharmacoepidemiology relying on administrative databases.