bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silica Zinc Titanate Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Nanocrystallites: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Mansour A. M. , Abou Hammad Ali B. , Bakr Ahmed M. , El Nahrawy Amany M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSiO2x:ZnO: (1-x)TiO2 nanocrystallites were made via sol-gel route, and co-firing at a lower temperature (600oC). The synthesized nanocrystallites were characterized using several analytical techniques including XRD, SEM/TEM, FT IR, THz, and UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. The results appear that the silicate phase was used to promote the density of the nanocrystalline ceramic during calcination. The lower temperature calcined (∼600oC) nanocrystallites consist of ZnTiO3, Zn2SiO4, and TiO2 phases, with ZnTiO3 dominant rhombohedral phase, showing various electronic transitions. The obvious electronic properties give 2.8 eV as indirect bandgap transition and 3.35 ± 0.01 eV as direct bandgap transition with the increase of silica content. The dielectric constant is in the range 8 at a frequency higher than 104 Hz due to the formation of Zn2SiO4, and the ac conductivity is in the range 10− 10 to 10− 7 S/cm.
Concept of an efficient self-startup voltage converter with dynamic maximum power point tracking for microscale thermoelectric generators
Authors: Merten D. , Singer J. A. , Fiedler H. , Tappertzhofen S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroscale Thermoelectric Generators (microTEGs) have a high application potential for energy harvesting for autonomous microsystems. In contrast to conventional thermoelectric generators, microTEGs can only supply small output-voltages. Therefore, voltage converters are required to provide supply-voltages that are sufficiently high to power microelectronics. However, for high conversion efficiency, voltage converters need to be optimized for the limited input voltage range and the typically high internal resistance of microTEGs. To overcome the limitations of conventional voltage converters we present an optimized self-startup voltage converter with dynamic maximum power point tracking. The performance potential of our concept is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The voltage conversion interface demonstrates energy harvesting from open-circuit voltages as low as 30.7 mV, and enables independent and full start-up from 131 mV. No additional external power supply is required at any time during operation. It can be operated with a wide range of internal resistances from 20.6 to − 4 kΩ with a conversation efficiency between η = 68–79%.
Sustainability planning, implementation, and assessment in cities: how can productivity enhance these processes?
Authors: Spiliotopoulou Maria , Roseland Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this “urban century”, planetary realities and increased environmental and social awareness have led to significant international agreements and the recognition that local communities play a crucial role in successfully implementing long-term sustainability goals. Through two case studies in British Columbia, Canada, this research focused on how the concept, principles, and practices of holistic urban productivity can help address urban sustainability planning, implementation, and assessment processes. The research findings showed a range of challenges in urban sustainability such as the persistence on utilitarian approaches to resource management and community planning, the prioritization of short-term policies, a general resistance to systemic thinking, and various shortfalls in municipal capacity. These obstacles reflected the reality and complexity of urban sustainability processes and highlighted the need to redesign current decision-making. Addressing issues that transcend humanmade borders requires new configurations, non-hierarchical decision-making processes, and using local knowledge as a key guiding tool. Our recommendation is that cities embrace systems thinking in sustainability planning and implementation by focusing more on holistic evaluation of policy impact and finding synergies among policies and stakeholders in all sectors.
Serum aldosterone and urine electrolytes dynamics in response to DASH diet intervention – An inpatient mechanistic study
Authors: Bielopolski Dana , Qureshi Adam , Bentur Ohad S. , Ronning Andrea , Tobin Jonathan N. , Kost Rhonda 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet reduces blood pressure (BP) as effectively as one antihypertensive drug, yet its mechanism of action was never fully characterized.

Methods:
We designed a translational inpatient trial to elucidate the biological pathway leading from nutritional change, through hormonal response, reversal of urine electrolytes ratio, to BP reduction.

Results:
A single-center open-label interventional trial. Volunteers were admitted for 14 days, transitioning from an American-style diet to DASH diet. Vital signs, blood, and urine samples were collected daily. Participants completed two 24-hour ambulatory BP measurements (ABPM) and two 24-hour urine collections on days 1 and 10. Nine volunteers completed the protocol. During inpatient stay, serum aldosterone increased from day 0 (mean 8.3 ± 5.0) to day 5 (mean 17.8 ± 5.8) after intervention and decreased on day 11 (mean 11.5 ± 4.7) despite continuous exposure to the same diet (p-value = 0.002). Urine electrolyte ratio ([Na]/[K]) decreased significantly from a mean of 3.5 to 1.16 on day 4 (p < 0.001). BP by 24-hour ABPM decreased by a mean of 3.7 mmHg systolic BP and 2.3 mmHg diastolic BP from day 1 to 10.

Conclusion:
Shifting from a high-sodium/low-potassium diet to the opposite composition leads to aldosterone increase and paradoxical BP reduction. Urine electrolyte ratio reflects nutritional changes and should guide clinicians in assessing adherence to lifestyle modification.
Giant descendant trees, matchings, and independent sets in age-biased attachment graphs
Authors: Acan Hüseyin , Frieze Alan , Pittel Boris 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study two models of an age-biased graph process: the$\delta$-version of the preferential attachment graph model (PAM) and the uniform attachment graph model (UAM), withmattachments for each of the incoming vertices. We show that almost surely the scaled size of a breadth-first (descendant) tree rooted at a fixed vertex converges, for$m=1$, to a limit whose distribution is a mixture of two beta distributions and a single beta distribution respectively, and that for$m>1$the limit is 1. We also analyze the likely performance of two greedy (online) algorithms, for a large matching set and a large independent set, and determine – for each model and each greedy algorithm – both a limiting fraction of vertices involved and an almost sure convergence rate.
Disorder detection with costly observations
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Ekström Erik , Guo Jia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the Wiener disorder detection problem where each observation is associated with a positive cost. In this setting, a strategy is a pair consisting of a sequence of observation times and a stopping time corresponding to the declaration of disorder. We characterize the minimal cost of the disorder problem with costly observations as the unique fixed point of a certain jump operator, and we determine the optimal strategy.
Trial by Fire: Informal Agreements, Destructive Protest, and Civil Society in Bolivia
Authors: Hummel Calla 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTCivil society leaders develop relationships with officials and engage in contentious politics. Some resort to destructive tactics like arson and assault to target the officials they work with. Why do civil society leaders use destructive protest tactics? This article argues that leaders use destructive tactics when both they and officials need clear information and when leaders believe that officials will offer lucrative agreements to stop destructive protests. The research suggests that this dynamic is more likely in weakly institutionalized, highly politicized, and resource-strapped environments. The research supports the argument by process-tracing cases of peaceful and destructive protest by street vendor organizations and officials’ responses in El Alto, Bolivia. The argument and cases suggest that civil society leaders are more likely to target women and other minoritized people because leaders are more likely to underestimate minoritized officials, but that these officials are then more likely to punish the perpetrators.
Why Average When You Can Stack? Better Methods for Generating Accurate Group Credences
Authors: Kinney David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFormal and social epistemologists have devoted significant attention to the question of how to aggregate the credences of a group of agents who disagree about the probabilities of events. Moss (2011) and Pettigrew (2019) argue that group credences can be a linear mean of the credences of each individual in the group. By contrast, I argue that if the epistemic value of a credence function is determined solely by its accuracy, then we should, where possible, aggregate the underlying statistical models that individuals use to generate their credence functions, using “stacking” techniques from statistics and machine learning first developed by Wolpert (1992).
Infectious mononucleosis – should we routinely assess liver function in acute presentation and follow up?
Authors: Simpson L , Sutherland E , Wilkinson D , Saman R , Edafe O 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveInfectious mononucleosis is a relatively common acute presentation to the ENT department. There is an expected derangement in the liver function test results in most patients. There is no guidance regarding follow up, and practice varies. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound in infectious mononucleosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all adult patients admitted under ENT with infectious mononucleosis over a five-year period.ResultsA total of 153 patients were included; 80 per cent had abnormal liver function test results at presentation. Around 50 per cent had at least one liver function test assessment following discharge. Median (interquartile range) time to resolution of liver function test results was 32 days (20–50 days); maximum time was 10 months. Six patients had in-patient abdominal ultrasound: all showed a normal liver and biliary tree. No patient developed any liver disease sequelae.ConclusionThe findings suggest that serial assessment of liver function is not required in immunocompetent adults with subclinical derangement in liver function.
The Land Resources Division and its information services
Authors: Posnett N.W. 
Published: April 2022

The Land Resources Division, located in Tolworth Tower, Surbition, Surrey, England, is part of the Overseas Development Administration, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and assists developing countries, mainly tropical, in mapping, investigating and assessing land resources. It makes recommendations on the use of these resources for the development of crop and animal husbandry and forestry; it also gives advice on related subjects to overseas governments and organisations, makes scientific personnel available for appointment abroad, and provides lectures and training courses in the basic techniques of resource appraisal. The Division works in close co-operation with government departments, research institutes, universities and international organisations concerned with land resources assessment and development planning.The information services are provided by the three units that form the Publications/Information/Library Section.
African Studies at the Hoover Institution
Authors: Duignan Peter 
Published: April 2022

The African Studies’ Program of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, combines building up a library and archival collecting with sponsoring research on modern Africa.The African collection concentrates on the period from 1870 to the present and on the fields of history, politics, government and economics. The collection is especially strong on European colonialism in Africa and on African nationlist movements. (For a detailed description of the library holdings see African and Middle East Collections: A Survey of Holdings at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Hoover Institution Press, 1971.)The research program is based on the library resources. There are four types of publications: bibliographies include: Peter Duignan, Guide to Research and Reference Works on Sub-Saharan Africa (1,102 p.); Robert L. Hess and Dalvan M. Coger, A Bibliography of Primary Sources for 19th Century Tropical Africa, as Recorded by Explorers, Missionaries, Traders, Travellers, Administrators, Military Men, Adventurers and Others (800 p.); and Harold G. Marcus, The Modern History of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa: A Select and Annotated Bibliography (641 p.)
Official Publications in the British Library Reference Division - A Microfilm Supplement to the General Catalogue
Authors: Harris P. R. 
Published: April 2022

Although the Official Publications Library of the British Library Reference Division contains the most extensive collection in Europe of British and foreign official publications, much of the foreign material has not been fully catalogued find has hitherto only been known to readers consulting a temporary catalogue card file in the Official Publications Library.To help to overcome this difficulty and to make this invaluable body of material more widely known, the Library is issuing a microfilm of the unedited cards. It supplements in provisional form the corpus of official publications already included in the General Catalogue of Printed Books.The time required to correct, expand and amend entries and headings is so considerable that this microfilm, with all its many imperfections and shortcomings, appears the only alternative to prolonging for many years the lack of any sort of published catalogue record of most of these holdings.
Libraries in a Siege Economy
Authors: Dellar Geoffrey 
Published: April 2022

At home, I have not been allowed to forget my early response to the announcement of the unilateral declaration of independence in Rhodesia - it was rather similar to that of a former British Prime Minister, who had perhaps not been obliged to live quite so closely with the consequences as, until recently, I have.“Weeks rather than months” was, if I recall correctly, his prognosis, and I have to confess that I too thought it would soon collapse in the face of world disapproval. Instead of which, I have lived through the thirteen years since in growing frustration, increasingly aware that the effort that librarians in Rhodesia had hoped to be able to put into the promotion and development of libraries in that country would be unlikely to bear fruit - largely through lack of that essential fertiliser, hard cash.
The Kenya Copying Project
Authors: Thurston Anne 
Published: April 2022

A previous paper (ARD 23, pp.6-13) has described the initial phases of Kenya's programme to locate and describe documents in the United Kingdom relating to its history and development. These documents, it was noted, have accumulated in Britain since the nineteenth century as a natural consequence of correspondence, in the course of colonial administration, and by direct removal. This situation is not unique and applies in many other former colonial territories. Thus, while Kenya's programme has significance in its own right, it also has implications for other Commonwealth countries.The aim of Kenya's programme has been two-fold. Firstly, it was established to provide the Kenya Government with a full picture of the extent of relevant documentation in Britain in order that priorities might be set for the supplementation of Kenya's archival holdings through a copying programme.
The Commonwealth Secretariat
Authors: Hannam Harry 
Published: April 2022

The Commonwealth Secretariat, an international body at the service of all member countries of the Commonwealth, was established in 1965 to provide the central organisation for joint consultation and cooperation in many fields. In the words of the Agreed Memorandum, the Secretariat was to be “a visible symbol of the spitit of cooperation which animates the Commonwealth”.Before describing the Secretariat's development since 1965, its present structure and functions, and in particular its involvement in African affairs, a backward look may not be out of place in order to discover why the Heads of Government meeting in 1964 decided that the time was then ripe for setting up a formal secretariat. With Britain's rapid programme of decolonisation almost completed surely there was no need to institutionalise a relationship which up till then had been remarkable for its informality.
Recommendations for Somali Entries in Library Cataloguing Systems
Authors: Andrzejewski B. W. 
Published: April 2022

Since the introduction of a national orthography in 1972 books and articles by Somali authors have been finding their way on an increasing scale into library catalogues in universities and centres of learning outside Somalia. Somali author entries are likely to present some difficulty for cataloguers and library users not acquainted with the Somali cultural background, and these brief notes are offered in the hope that they will be of some use to them.As in many other Muslim countries, surnames are not normally used in Somalia. Instead, a person is identified by a sequence of names which begins with the given name, followed by the name of his or her father and sometimes also by the name of his or her grandfather. This is reminiscent of the system used in Arabic, except that the words corresponding to ‘son’ or ‘daughter’ are omitted.
A Comprehensive Bibliography of Catholic Missionary Materials Relating to Africa: The Bibliotheca Missionum
Authors: Henige David 
Published: April 2022

Except for explicitly missiological studies there has been little perceptible inclination on the part of Africanists to exploit a voluminous and important genre of source - the published writings of missionaries who served in Africa. For better or worse, the desire to devote as much time, energy, and expense to collecting oral materials in the field has come to dominate research programmes to the inevitable exclusion of analyzing as wide a range as possible of other materials. As far as the missionary materials are concerned, this failure is prompted to some degree by a tendency to devalue these materials because of the smug and patronizing attitudes so often manifested in them.This conscious or unconscious eschewing of a major body of source material is unfortunate in itself.
A New Source for the Study of East African History: The Archives of the National Museum of Kenya
Authors: Diamond Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

The archives of the National Museum of Kenya in Nairobi have recently been sorted and listed. They are now, available to students of East African history and form a useful addition to the source material on the subject. As well as the Museum's own archives, they include collections of papers and photographs given to the Museum by private individuals. The material dates from about 1900 to the present day.The Museum was begun in a single room by the East Africa and Uganda National History Society in 1910, and moved to its own building in 1920. In 1929 it was moved into the first buildings on the present site and renamed the Coryndon Memorial Museum. In December 1964 it became the National Museum of Kenya.
Regional Archival Training Workshops — Zanzibar 1984
Authors: Thurston Anne 
Published: April 2022

In April of this year John Walford, Head of Modern Records at the PRO, gave a paper to the SCOLMA AGM on the preliminary findings of an investigation of the Zanzibar Archives covering their content and condition and proposals for their preservation. The essence of those proposals was a training/salvage workshop programme, which was carried out in Zanzibar from late July through August. The workshops were hosted by the Zanzibar Government and sponsored by the Commonwealth Foundation, the Leverhulme Trust and commercial firms in Tanzania, the UK, Kenya and Germany.The programme comprised three concurrent workshops: Paper Conservation, Arrangement and Description of Documents and Archives Administration and Records Management. Each aimed to review or teach the fundamental procedures in its field, to provide practical supervised experience in dealing with real record problems and to achieve as much basic work on the records themselves as possible.
Zaϊre, Rwanda, Burundi: University of Leeds
Authors: Wellesley Smith Hugh 
Published: April 2022

Since 1966 the Brotherton Library has been acquiring material published in and relating to Zaire, Rwanda and Burundi, the African countries formerly administered by Belgium. Acquisition has been concentrated on the social sciences, humanities and official publications. Up to present approximately 250 books and pamphlets have been obtained for the collection, about half of these consisting of items published in the area. This figure does not include periodical volumes and items on microfiche.(1) Zaïre Publications from Zaïre (formerly Congo-Kinshasa) make up the largest part of the material from central Africa. The bulk of these are publications of the Université Nationale du Zaïre, Kinshasa, especially of its Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales. We have also had some success in collecting Zaïrean official publications, particularly those issued by the Office National de la Recherche et du Développement.
Political Instability and the Information World in Uganda
Authors: Harris Gordon 
Published: April 2022

In 1983 I was asked if I would like to assist the Librarian of Bishop Tucker College in Uganda in the classifying of his stock by the Dewey Decimal scheme. I was rather intrigued by the project. I had taught in Uganda in the late 60s and was keen to see the country again. The profound changes effected during the seventies stimulated me to consider research into the effect of such changes on a national information system.Development of Libraries was mooted in various post-war development plans, and some were set up in the late 1940s and 1950s in district commissioners’ offices and community centres under the aegis of the East African Literature Bureau. A systematic national library development plan was formulated by Sidney Hockey in 1960 and in 1964 legislation created a Public Libraries Board to maintain a service.
Co-operation in African Acquisitions: SCOLMA looks to the future
Authors: McKee Malcolm 
Published: April 2022

SCOLMA has now existed twenty-three years. One of its basic aims throughout its existence has been to promote library co-operation in the acquisition of African material.SCOLMA has achieved much on very slender resources. The Area Specialization Scheme in particular has resulted in much African material being available in this country, which would otherwise have never been collected. Inevitably, it has not been wholly successful, as the participating libraries have had varying degrees of success in their endeavours. This has been due to the inability of some libraries to devote sufficient resources to the project, and the fact that some libraries have attached more importance to it than others for various reasons.SCOLMA has always understood that priorities can change over the years, and that academic interests in member-libraries’ institutions cannot be expected to remain the same for ever.