bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of social desirability bias on conspiracy belief measurement across cultures
Authors: Smallpage Steven M. , Enders Adam M. , Drochon Hugo , Uscinski Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolls asking respondents about their beliefs in conspiracy theories have become increasingly commonplace. However, researchers have expressed concern about the willingness of respondents to divulge beliefs in conspiracy theories due to the stigmatization of those ideas. We use an experimental design similar to a list experiment to decipher the effect of social desirability bias on survey responses to eight conspiratorial statements. Our study includes 8290 respondents across seven countries, allowing for the examination of social desirability bias across various political and cultural contexts. While the proportion of individuals expressing belief in each statement varies across countries, we observe identical treatment effects: respondents systematically underreport conspiracy beliefs. These findings suggest that conspiracy beliefs may be more prominent than current estimates suggest.
The 1126 Ma volcanic event in the Dechang Area, SW Yangtze Block, and its significance
Authors: Lu Chen-Ming , Zhang Chuan-Heng , Zhang Heng , Zhou Ying , Shields Graham A. , Gao Lin-Zhi , Ding Xiao-Zhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditionally, the strata of the Luonie Valley, Dechang County, SW Sichuan, China, are considered to contain a suite of felsic volcanic rocks (the Huili Group) that erupted after c. 1050 Ma. However, we report here new age constraints, elemental and Lu–Hf isotope geochemistry for a different suite of older basaltic agglomerate lava, basaltic tuff lava and basalt from the same area, which we name the Luonie Formation. New dating results show that the basaltic volcanic suite of the upper part of the Luonie Formation formed at 1126.1 ± 9.9 Ma, significantly earlier than deposition of the Huili Group, but comparable in age to the 1142 ± 16 Ma Laowushan Formation in central Yunnan Province. Granite intrusion into the Luonie Formation dated 1050.7 ± 12.7 Ma provides crucial supporting evidence for this earlier depositional age. We also report a maximum sedimentary age of c. 1158 Ma for the underlying arkose, implying stratigraphic conformity with the basaltic volcanic rock suite.The ϵHf(t) values of the basaltic volcanic rocks are mainly positive, indicating that the rocks are mainly derived from the depleted mantle and slightly stained by crustal materials. The characteristics of P*, Nb* and Zr* anomalies also support this view. The distribution patterns of trace and rare earth elements indicate that the basaltic volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting. The Zr/4–Y–2Nb and Th–Nb/16–Zr/117 discrimination diagrams also provide evidence for this understanding. Lithofacies analysis shows that basaltic volcanic wrocks with the characteristics of both continental and marine facies should be formed in a littoral–neritic environment. We propose here that the evidence is consistent with a phase of continental extension that preceded the convergence of the SW Yangtze Block to form part of Rodinia.
Hybridization between Anguillicola crassus and A. novaezelandiae, and viability of the F1 generation
Authors: Honka K.I. , Grabner D. , Sures B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For decades, it has remained unclear how the Asian swim bladder nematode Anguillicola crassus was able to supplant the previously stable population of its relative from New Zealand Anguillicola novaezelandiae in the Lake Bracciano, Italy. Previously, researchers have hypothesized that A. crassus possesses an ecological advantage due to a more efficient life cycle in combination with a pattern of unidirectional hybridization between A. novaezelandiae females and A. crassus males. The present study focuses on the viability of hybrid offspring and their allelic pattern, particularly in developed adult stages of the hybrid F1 generation. While the percentages of hybrid individuals from A. novaezelandiae mothers and A. crassus fathers increased from egg to adult stages, it was more distinct in egg stages of A. crassus females and A. novaezelandiae males, but did not occur in adult F1 individuals at all. Therefore, we corroborate the hypothesis of unidirectional hybridization by differentiating between egg and adult stages, and suggest this as another explanatory factor for the extinction of A. novaezelandiae in Lake Bracciano in Italy and the predominance of A. crassus.
Modelling, simulation and experimental validation of wheel and arm locomotion based wall-climbing robot
Authors: Bisht Ravindra Singh , Pathak Pushparaj Mani , Panigrahi Soraj Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents modelling, simulation, and development of a wall-climbing robot based on coupled wheel and arm-type locomotion mechanism. The developed robot consists of two mobile modules connected with a robot arm mechanism. The actuation of the robot arm is inspired by inchworm locomotion, particularly during wall-to-wall transition, obstacle avoidance, and uneven surface locomotion. Easiness in the interchanging of wheel to arm and vice versa makes the robot more effective compared to previously developed wall-climbing robots. The kinematic and dynamic model for the proposed coupled wheel and arm locomotion concept has been established. A combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and proportional, integral, derivatives (PID) feedback control algorithm has been developed using MATLAB to simulate the different cases of robot motions. The developed prototype of the wall-climbing robot is used to verify the coupled wheel and arm locomotion concept in various wall climbing scenarios. The simulation and experimental findings show good comparisons and validate the model-based design of the wall-climbing robot.
Sustained radiation reduction following initial quality improvement intervention in a paediatric cardiac catheterisation laboratory
Authors: McKeiver Anthony , Marshall Jennifer , Churchill Peter , Bittel Douglas , O’Brien James E. , Kaine Stephen , Bingler Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:As part of a quality improvement project beginning in October 2011, our centre introduced changes to reduce radiation exposure during paediatric cardiac catheterisations. This led to significant initial decreases in radiation to patients. Starting in April 2016, we sought to determine whether these initial reductions were sustained.Methods:After a 30-day trial period, we implemented (1) weight-based reductions in preset frame rates for fluoroscopy and angiography, (2) increased use of collimators and safety shields, (3) utilisation of stored fluoroscopy and virtual magnification, and (4) hiring of a devoted radiation technician. We collected patient weight (kg), total fluoroscopy time (min), and procedure radiation dosage (cGy-cm2) for cardiac catheterisations between October, 2011 and September, 2019.Results:A total of 1889 procedures were evaluated (196 pre-intervention, 303 in the post-intervention time period, and 1400 in the long-term group). Fluoroscopy times (18.3 ± 13.6 pre; 19.8 ± 14.1 post; 17.11 ± 15.06 long-term, p = 0.782) were not significantly different between the three groups. Patient mean radiation dose per kilogram decreased significantly after the initial quality improvement intervention (39.7% reduction, p = 0.039) and was sustained over the long term (p = 0.043). Provider radiation exposure was also significantly decreased from the onset of this project through the long-term period (overall decrease of 73%, p < 0.01) despite several changes in the interventional cardiologists who made up the team over this time period.Conclusion:Introduction of technical and clinical practice changes can result in a significant reduction in radiation exposure for patients and providers in a paediatric cardiac catheterisation laboratory. These reductions can be maintained over the long term.
The roles of intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance in hoarding disorder compared with OCD and healthy controls
Authors: Hillman Shemariah R. , Lomax Claire L. , Khaleel Nadeen , Smith Theresa R. , Gregory James D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground:It is suggested that the different psychological vulnerability factors of intolerance of uncertainty (IU), anxiety sensitivity (AS) and distress tolerance (DT) may be in important in hoarding disorder (HD). However, the extent to which these factors are specific to HD compared with other disorders remains unclear.Aims:The current study aimed to investigate differences in IU, AS and DT in three groups: HD (n=66), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD; n=59) and healthy controls (HCs; n=63).Method:Participants completed an online battery of standardised self-report measures to establish the independent variable of group membership (HD, OCD and HC) and the dependent variables (IU, AS and DT).Results:A MANOVA analysis indicated statistically significant differences in IU, AS and DT between the clinical groups and HCs. Follow-up analyses showed no statistically significant differences between the HD and OCD group for any of the three constructs. The results remained the same when examining the effects of co-morbid HD and OCD. An unexpected finding was the trend for IU, AS and DT to be more severe when HD and OCD were co-morbid.Conclusions:The evidence suggests the absence of a specific relationship between IU, AS or DT in HD and instead is consistent with existing research which suggests that these psychological vulnerability factors are transdiagnostic constructs across anxiety disorders. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Mass‐Wasting‐Inferred Dramatic Variability of 130,000‐Year Indian Summer Monsoon Intensity From Deposits in the Southeast Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wang Jia , Chen Jianping , Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Dai Zhenxue , WoldeGabriel Giday 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA large proportion (∼80%) of the Indian subcontinent's precipitation comes from the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), which influences one‐fifth of the world's population. A long‐term reliable proxy for ISM is fundamental to understanding previous global climate change. We establish a mass‐wasting‐inferred proxy to examine the paleo‐hydrogeology (river undercutting history) of the Southeast Tibetan Plateau and reconstruct the dramatic variability of ISM intensity (precipitation) in the past 130,000 years. Our data suggest that mass‐wasting events, which provides us sufficient samples for paleoclimate research, are prone to dramatic climate changes, especially extreme climate environments. The Southeast Tibetan Plateau was subjected to at least four distinct ISM intensity phases in the past 130,000 years. We conclude that ISM intensity has a cyclicity featured by the Earth's orbit with obliquity, and that ISM intensity transition lags the global ice volume (sea level) change by 8–15 kyrs.
A Conceptual Approach to Partitioning a Vertical Profile of Phytoplankton Biomass Into Contributions From Two Communities
Authors: Brewin Robert J. W. , Dall’Olmo Giorgio , Gittings John , Sun Xuerong , Lange Priscila K. , Raitsos Dionysios E. , Bouman Heather A. , Hoteit Ibrahim , Aiken Jim , Sathyendranath Shubha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe an approach to partition a vertical profile of chlorophyll‐a concentration into contributions from two communities of phytoplankton: one (community 1) that resides principally in the turbulent mixed‐layer of the upper ocean and is observable through satellite visible radiometry; the other (community 2) residing below the mixed‐layer, in a stably stratified environment, hidden from the eyes of the satellite. The approach is tuned to a time‐series of profiles from a Biogeochemical‐Argo float in the northern Red Sea, selected as its location transitions from a deep mixed layer in winter (characteristic of vertically well‐mixed systems) to a shallow mixed layer in the summer with a deep chlorophyll‐a maximum (characteristic of vertically stratified systems). The approach is extended to reproduce profiles of particle backscattering, by deriving the chlorophyll‐specific backscattering coefficients of the two communities and a background coefficient assumed to be dominated by non‐algal particles in the region. Analysis of the float data reveals contrasting phenology of the two communities, with community 1 blooming in winter and 2 in summer, community 1 negatively correlated with epipelagic stratification, and 2 positively correlated. We observe a dynamic chlorophyll‐specific backscattering coefficient for community 1 (stable for community 2), positively correlated with light in the mixed‐layer, suggesting seasonal changes in photoacclimation and/or taxonomic composition within community 1. The approach has the potential for monitoring vertical changes in epipelagic biogeography and for combining satellite and ocean robotic data to yield a three‐dimensional view of phytoplankton distribution.
Therapeutic targeting miR130b counteracts diffuse large B-cell lymphoma progression via OX40/OX40L-mediated interaction with Th17 cells
Authors: Sun Rui , Zhang Pei-Pei , Weng Xiang-Qin , Gao Xiao-Dong , Huang Chuan-Xin , Wang Li , Hu Xiao-Xia , Xu Peng-Peng , Cheng Lin , Jiang Lu , Fu Di , Qu Bin , Zhao Yan , Feng Yan , Dou Hong-Jing , Zheng Zhong , Zhao Wei-Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in lymphoma progression by regulating the tumor microenvironment. Serum miR130b is overexpressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), inducing Th17 cell alterations. To further illustrate its biological significance and therapeutic rationale, miR130b was detected by quantitative real-time PCR in the serum samples of 532 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients. The mechanism of miR130b on lymphoma progression and the tumor microenvironment was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Therapeutic targeting miR130b was also evaluated, including OX40 agonistic antibody and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)-miR130b antagomir. The results showed that serum miR130b significantly correlated with tumor miR130b and serum interleukin-17, indicating lymphoma relapse and inferior survival of DLBCL patients. MiR130b overexpression altered tumor microenvironment signaling pathways and increased Th17 cell activity. As mechanism of action, miR130b downregulated tumor OX40L expression by directly targeting IFNAR1/p-STAT1 axis, recruiting Th17 cells via OX40/OX40L interaction, thereby promoting immunosuppressive function of Th17 cells. In co-culture systems of B-lymphoma cells with immune cells, miR130b inhibited lymphoma cell autophagy, which could be counteracted by OX40 agonistic antibody and LNPs-miR130b antagomir. In murine xenograft model established with subcutaneous injection of A20 cells, both OX40 agonistic antibody and LNPs-miR130b antagomir remarkably inhibited Th17 cells and retarded miR130b-overexpressing tumor growth. In conclusion, as an oncogenic biomarker of DLBCL, miR130b was related to lymphoma progression through modulating OX40/OX40L-mediated lymphoma cell interaction with Th17 cells, attributing to B-cell lymphoma sensitivity towards OX40 agonistic antibody. Targeting miR130b using LNPs-miR130b antagomir could also be a potential immunotherapeutic strategy in treating OX40-altered lymphoid malignancies.
Hymecromone: a clinical prescription hyaluronan inhibitor for efficiently blocking COVID-19 progression
Authors: Yang Shuai , Ling Yun , Zhao Fang , Li Wei , Song Zhigang , Wang Lu , Li Qiuting , Liu Mengxing , Tong Ying , Chen Lu , Ru Daoping , Zhang Tongsheng , Zhou Kaicheng , Zhang Baolong , Xu Peng , Yang Zhicong , Li Wenxuan , Song Yuanlin , Xu Jianqing , Zhu Tongyu , Shan Fei , Yu Wenqiang , Lu Hongzhou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurrently, there is no effective drugs for treating clinically COVID-19 except dexamethasone. We previously revealed that human identical sequences of SARS-CoV-2 promote the COVID-19 progression by upregulating hyaluronic acid (HA). As the inhibitor of HA synthesis, hymecromone is an approved prescription drug used for treating biliary spasm. Here, we aimed to investigate the relation between HA and COVID-19, and evaluate the therapeutic effects of hymecromone on COVID-19. Firstly, HA was closely relevant to clinical parameters, including lymphocytes (n = 158; r = −0.50; P < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (n = 156; r = 0.55; P < 0.0001), D-dimer (n = 154; r = 0.38; P < 0.0001), and fibrinogen (n = 152; r = 0.37; P < 0.0001), as well as the mass (n = 78; r = 0.43; P < 0.0001) and volume (n = 78; r = 0.41; P = 0.0002) of ground-glass opacity, the mass (n = 78; r = 0.48; P < 0.0001) and volume (n = 78; r = 0.47; P < 0.0001) of consolidation in patient with low level of hyaluronan (HA < 48.43 ng/mL). Furthermore, hyaluronan could directly cause mouse pulmonary lesions. Besides, hymecromone remarkably reduced HA via downregulating HAS2/HAS3 expression. Moreover, 89% patients with hymecromone treatment had pulmonary lesion absorption while only 42% patients in control group had pulmonary lesion absorption (P < 0.0001). In addition, lymphocytes recovered more quickly in hymecromone-treated patients (n = 8) than control group (n = 5) (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that hymecromone is a promising drug for COVID-19 and deserves our further efforts to determine its effect in a larger cohort.
Controllable tuning of polymetallic Co-Ni-Ru-S-Se ultrathin nanosheets to boost electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Deng Wei , Xie Wenshuo , Li Dan , Gai Yuping , Chen Zhide , Yu Jun , Yang Renqiang , Bao Xichang , Jiang Fei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReplacing precious metals in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts has broad prospects to achieve a viable water splitting system. Since the electrocatalytic OER is a four-electron transfer reaction with a very sluggish kinetic process, there is great interest in the development of inexpensive, durable, and high-efficiency OER catalysts. Herein, trimetallic Co-Ni-Ru sulfoselenide and bimetallic sulfoselenide nanosheets were designed by regulating their composition and morphology for efficient and durable OER electrocatalysis. The sheet structure has a large specific surface area to promote contact between the catalyst and electrolyte. Compared with bimetallic Co-Ni, Co-Ru, Ni-Ru, Co-Cd, and Co-Au sulfoselenide nanosheets, trimetallic Co-Ni-Ru sulfoselenide nanosheets show superior OER performance. By modulating the composition ratio of metal atoms in the Co-Ni-Ru-S-Se nanosheets (1:1:0.5:1:1), the nanosheets showed a significant OER overpotential of η = 261 mV (1.491 V versus RHE) at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 52.2 mV dec–1 and outstanding stability after 48 h of continuous testing. For comparison, Co-Ni, Co-Ru, Ni-Ru, Co-Cd, and Co-Au bimetallic sulfoselenide nanosheets (denoted as Co-Ni-S-Se, Co-Ru-S-Se, Ni-Ru-S-Se, Co-Au-S-Se, Co-Cd-S-Se) were also tested. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that appropriately doping Ru and Ni simultaneously (Co-Ni-Ru-S-Se) can increase the density of the states at the Fermi level, resulting in excellent charge density and low intermediate adsorption energy. These findings present a practical route to design 2D polymetallic nanosheets to optimize catalytic OER performance.
Parallel reduction in flowering time from de novo mutations enable evolutionary rescue in colonizing lineages
Authors: Fulgione Andrea , Neto Célia , Elfarargi Ahmed F. , Tergemina Emmanuel , Ansari Shifa , Göktay Mehmet , Dinis Herculano , Döring Nina , Flood Pádraic J. , Rodriguez-Pacheco Sofia , Walden Nora , Koch Marcus A. , Roux Fabrice , Hermisson Joachim , Hancock Angela M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how populations adapt to abrupt environmental change is necessary to predict responses to future challenges, but identifying specific adaptive variants, quantifying their responses to selection and reconstructing their detailed histories is challenging in natural populations. Here, we useArabidopsisfrom the Cape Verde Islands as a model to investigate the mechanisms of adaptation after a sudden shift to a more arid climate. We find genome-wide evidence of adaptation after a multivariate change in selection pressures. In particular, time to flowering is reduced in parallel across islands, substantially increasing fitness. This change is mediated by convergent de novo loss of function of two core flowering time genes:FRIon one island andFLCon the other. Evolutionary reconstructions reveal a case where expansion of the new populations coincided with the emergence and proliferation of these variants, consistent with models of rapid adaptation and evolutionary rescue.
Mechanism and biomass association of glucuronoyl esterase: an α/β hydrolase with potential in biomass conversion
Authors: Zong Zhiyou , Mazurkewich Scott , Pereira Caroline S. , Fu Haohao , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang , Skaf Munir S. , Larsbrink Johan , Lo Leggio Leila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlucuronoyl esterases (GEs) are α/β serine hydrolases and a relatively new addition in the toolbox to reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulose, the biggest obstacle in cost-effective utilization of this important renewable resource. While biochemical and structural characterization of GEs have progressed greatly recently, there have yet been no mechanistic studies shedding light onto the rate-limiting steps relevant for biomass conversion. The bacterial GEOtCE15A possesses a classical yet distinctive catalytic machinery, with easily identifiable catalytic Ser/His completed by two acidic residues (Glu and Asp) rather than one as in the classical triad, and an Arg side chain participating in the oxyanion hole. By QM/MM calculations, we identified deacylation as the decisive step in catalysis, and quantified the role of Asp, Glu and Arg, showing the latter to be particularly important. The results agree well with experimental and structural data. We further calculated the free-energy barrier of post-catalysis dissociation from a complex natural substrate, suggesting that in industrial settings non-catalytic processes may constitute the rate-limiting step, and pointing to future directions for enzyme engineering in biomass utilization.
Electrostatically cooperative host-in-host of metal cluster ⊂ ionic organic cages in nanopores for enhanced catalysis
Authors: Tan Liangxiao , Zhou Jun-Hao , Sun Jian-Ke , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe construction of hierarchically nanoporous composite for high-performance catalytic application is still challenging. In this work, a series of host-in-host ionic porous materials are crafted by encapsulating ionic organic cages into a hyper-crosslinked, oppositely charged porous poly(ionic liquid) (PoPIL) through an ion pair-directed assembly strategy. Specifically, the cationic cage (C-Cage) as the inner host can spatially accommodate a functional Au cluster, forming a [Au⊂C-Cage+]⊂PoPIL− supramolecular composite. This dual-host molecular hierarchy enables a charge-selective substrate sorting effect to the Au clusters, which amplifies their catalytic activity by at least one order of magnitude as compared to Au confined only by C-Cage as the mono-host (Au⊂C-Cage+). Moreover, we demonstrate that such dual-host porous system can advantageously immobilize electrostatically repulsive Au⊂C-Cage+ and cationic ferrocene co-catalyst (Fer+) together into the same microcompartments, and synergistically speed up the enzyme-like tandem reactions by channelling the substrate to the catalytic centers via nanoconfinement.