bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPIC as a Catalyst for NOAA’s Future Earth Prediction System
Authors: Uccellini Louis W. , Spinrad Richard W. , Koch Dorothy M. , McLean Craig N. , Lapenta William M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
NOAA has launched the Earth Prediction Innovation Center (EPIC) in partnership with the Weather Enterprise (academia, government, and industry) to bring the power of distributed innovation to bear on one of the greatest challenges of our time. EPIC provides a collaborative framework building upon the community-driven Unified Forecast System (UFS) to accelerate innovative improvements to the nation’s forecast system in order to save lives, protect property, and enhance the economy. This article describes NOAA’s strategic, tactical, and organizational approaches to utilize EPIC to transform the world-leading U.S. national forecast systems into an even stronger and more effective community-based, computationally advanced Earth prediction system to meet the expanding and pressing needs of national and international societies.
Changing Trends in Drought Patterns over the Northeastern United States Using Multiple Large Ensemble Datasets
Authors: Xue Zeyu , Ullrich Paul A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Since the infamous extreme drought of the 1960s, the climate of the northeastern United States (NEUS) has generally trended toward warmer and wetter conditions. Nonetheless, there is mounting evidence that short-term droughts will continue to pose a significant risk for this region. To better explore the processes governing events such as these, climate models have adopted more complex representations of the fully coupled atmosphere–land–ocean–sea ice system; however, large uncertainties in future projections still persist, with internal variability necessitating large ensembles to understand trends in both rare and high-impact extreme events such as rapidly developing droughts (a term here that includes flash droughts developing on monthly scales). In this study, seven large ensemble (LE) models are employed to answer the outstanding question: How are the frequency and character of drought in the NEUS changing under a warming climate? We find that most LE models indicate the NEUS will experience a long-term wetting trend with more “extremely wet” months, but also more frequent short-term extreme droughts. These changes are associated with increasing precipitation, atmospheric water demand, and climate variability. We also conclude that discrepant trends in precipitation and evapotranspiration variability will lead to increasing anticorrelation of these variables, which is relevant to the intensification of rapidly developing drought, particularly in the spring season. These changes are associated with an increase in evapotranspiration from plants, brought by an earlier emergence of the growing season and denser vegetation.

Significance Statement
Droughts are extreme events with the potential to produce considerable social and economic damage. Because droughts emerge slowly and are relatively infrequent, large datasets are needed to study these features. Using multiple climate models, each producing multiple long-duration simulations, along with a novel drought index, we characterize rapidly developing droughts (those flash droughts identifiable from monthly data) and understand their drivers in the northeastern United States. We find that short-term extreme droughts are projected to be more frequent, while rapidly developing droughts will become more intense in the spring season. Intensification of rapidly developing droughts is attributed to differences in patterns of precipitation and evapotranspiration (soil evaporation and plant transpiration), which will be magnified by an extended growing season and an increase in vegetation.
Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Potential Related Genes in the Pathogenesis of Intrauterine Fetal Growth Retardation
Authors: Xiao Chao , Wang Yao , Fan Yuchao 
Published: July 2022

Background: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) affects approximately 10% to 15% of all pregnancies worldwide. IUGR is not only associated with stillbirth and newborn death, but also the delay of cognition in childhood and the promotion of metabolic and vascular disorders in adulthood. Figuring out the mechanism of IUGR is rather meaningful and valuable. Methods: Datasets related to IUGR were searched in the Gene Expression Omnibus website. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for normalization. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using the ggpot2 tool. DEGs were used to conduct Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. IUGR related genes were searched in the OMIM website to look for the intersection with the DEGs. The DEGs were analyzed for tissue-specific expression by the online resource BioGPS. The results were displayed through volcano map, Venn map, box plot, heat map, and GSEA enrichment plots drawn by R language packages. Results: Eleven DEGs were screened out of 2 datasets. One hundred ninety-five genes related to IUGR in OMIM were retrieved. EGR2 was the only intersection gene that was found in both groups. Genes associated with placental tissue expression include COL17A1, HSD11B1, and LGALS14. Molecular functions of the DEGs are related to the oxidoreductase activity. The following 4 signaling pathways, reactome signaling by interleukins, reactome collagen degradation, Naba secreted factors, and PID NFAT tfpathway, were enriched by GSEA. Two critical modules comprising 5 up-regulated genes (LEP, PRL, TAC3, MMP14, and ADAMTS4) and 4 down-regulated genes (TIMP4, FOS, CCK, and KISS1) were identified by PPI analysis. Finally, we identified 6 genes (PRL, LGALS14, EGR2, TAC3, LEP, and KISS1) that are potentially relevant to the pathophysiology of IUGR. Conclusion: The candidate down-regulated genes LGALS14 and KISS1, as well as the up-regulated genes PRL, EGR2, TAC3, and LEP, were found to be closely related to IUGR by bioinformatics analysis. These hub genes are related to hypoxia and oxidoreductase activities in placental development. We provide useful and novel information to explore the potential mechanism of IUGR and make efforts to the prevention of IUGR.
Problematic Opioid Use: A Scoping Literature Review of Profiles
Authors: Archambault Léonie , Bertrand Karine , Perreault Michel 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives: Problematic opioid use can be defined as opioid use behaviors leading to social, medical, or psychological consequences. In some instances, people presenting problematic opioid use can also meet criteria for an opioid use disorder. A growing body of literature highlights different types of people who use opioids, with contrasting characteristics and initiation patterns. In recent years, dynamic trends in opioid use have been documented and studies have demonstrated a shift in profiles. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted to identify profiles of people presenting problematic opioid use, in order to support the development of tailored interventions and services. Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Five classifications emerge from the literature reviewed to distinguish types of people presenting problematic opioid use, according to: (1) the type of opioids used, (2) the route of opioid administration, (3) the level of quality of life, (4) patterns of other drugs used, and (5) dependence severity. While samples, concepts, and measurement tools vary between studies, the most salient finding might be the distinct profile of people presenting problematic use of pharmaceutical-type opioids. Discussion and Conclusions: This scoping review highlights that few studies address distinctive profiles of people presenting problematic opioid use. Geographical and chronological differences suggest that local timely assessments may be needed to tailor the service offer to specific needs. Scientific Significance: Future studies should focus on providing a deep understanding of distinct experiential perspectives and service needs, through exploratory quantitative and qualitative designs.
Autism presentation in female and Black populations: Examining the roles of identity, theory, and systemic inequalities
Authors: Diemer Maire Claire , Gerstein Emily D , Regester April 
Published: July 2022

The prevalence of autism is rising, a dynamic attributed to numerous explanations (e.g. better diagnostic practices, decreased stigma). As this neurodevelopmental disability increases in visibility, disparities in its diagnostic rate grow. Female and Black populations in the United States have historically lower prevalence, are diagnosed later, are more likely to have co-occurring intellectual disability, and experience exclusion from research. Autistic Black girls are effectively invisible in the literature. To combat this exclusion, this narrative review discusses intersectionality theory and how it may be used to provide integrated models that are inclusive toward diverse gender, ability, and racial/ethnic backgrounds. Systemic inequalities, including prenatal care and misdiagnosis, disproportionately negatively impact the quality of care available to female and Black autistic populations. The authors recommend that research include autistic populations with co-occurring intellectual disability, include a diagnostic evaluation as part of protocols, and clinically, universal screening and improved provider competence and confidence in working with diverse autistic populations. Lay abstract Although the prevalence of autism has been rising in recent years, disparities in diagnosis still remain. Female and Black populations in the United States are diagnosed later, are more likely to have an intellectual disability, and are excluded from research as well as services designed for autistic individuals. Autistic Black girls are effectively invisible in the current scientific literature. Intersectional theory, which looks at a person as a whole, examines models that are inclusive toward diverse gender, ability, and racial/ethnic backgrounds. This theory may be a useful approach to clinical and research work with autism so that practitioners may be most effective for the whole population of autistic people. The authors recommend research focusing on inclusion of autistic populations with intellectual disability and research studies that include evaluations as part of the procedure. Clinically, the authors recommend a focus on screening all young children for autism and improving provider knowledge in working with diverse autistic populations.
Association of Radial Head Fracture Treatment With Long-Term Function
Authors: Burke Cynthia E. , McKegg Phillip C. , Wong Alison L. , DeLeon Genaro A. , Gupta Jayesh , Healey Kathleen , Enobun Blessing , O’Hara Nathan N. , O’Toole Robert V. , Pensy Raymond A. , Langhammer Christopher G. , Eglseder W. Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Background: Radial head fractures are often associated with poor outcomes. Both open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and radial head arthroplasty (RHA) might be considered in operative cases. This study aimed to compare long-term patient-reported functional outcomes among patients with operatively treated radial head fractures. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at a Level I trauma center was used to identify patients with a radial head fracture who underwent ORIF or RHA between 2006 and 2018, and agreed to complete a survey in 2020. The primary outcome measure was the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score. Results: Seventy-six patients participated in the study. No significant differences in outcomes were observed between groups. QuickDASH scores were similar for both groups (ORIF: mean = 15.7, SD = 18.4; RHA: mean = 22.8, SD = 18.6; mean difference = 0.2 [-9.0 to 9.3], P = .97). Nineteen (37%) ORIF patients and 12 (48%) RHA patients reported a need for pain medication (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.8 [0.3-2.4], P = .70). Thirteen (25%) ORIF patients and 6 (24%) RHA patients required additional surgery (adjusted OR = 1.7 [0.5-6.2], P = .39). A subgroup analysis of multi-fragmentary fractures revealed similar findings. Conclusion: Patient-reported outcomes, which included a subgroup analysis of multi-fragmentary fractures, were similar between ORIF and RHA groups at an average of 7.5 years from surgery. Reconstructing the radial head might not result in worse outcomes than RHA when both options are employed according to the best judgment of the operating surgeon.
Paper 05: The Role of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon in Posterior Shoulder Stabilization during Forward Flexion
Authors: Rauck Ryan , Jahandar Amir , Kontaxis Andreas , Dines David , Warren Russell , Gulotta Lawrence , Taylor Samuel 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The incidence of long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) procedures is increasing, yet the role of the LHBT in glenohumeral stability is not fully understood. People lift most objects in the sagittal plane with forward flexion, which stresses the posterior aspect of the unconstrained glenohumeral joint. Determining the mechanism by which the shoulder maintains stability with functional motions is important to understanding the pathoanatomy of degenerative shoulders. We hypothesize that the LHBT resists posterior translation of the humeral head (HH) during forward flexion by tensioning the posterior capsuloligamentous complex. Methods: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested using an established shoulder simulator, which loads the rotator cuff, deltoid and LHB tendons through a system of pulleys and weights. A motion tracking system recorded glenohumeral translations with an accuracy of ±0.2mm. In each subject, the scapula was fixed and the humerus was tested in 6 positions: 30 and 60 degrees of glenohumeral forward flexion at i) maximum internal rotation (IR), ii) neutral rotation and iii) maximum external rotation (ER) (Figure 1). The deltoid was loaded with 100N, and the infraspinatus and subscapularis were loaded with 22N each. The difference in glenohumeral translation was calculated at each position comparing the LHBT loaded with 45N or unloaded. Results: When comparing the two states of LHBT loading vs unloading, unloading the LHBT led to an overall increase in posterior and superior translation of the humeral head (Figure 2) in all tested positions (neutral, maximum internal rotation, maximum external rotation in both 30 and 60 degrees of forward flexion). At 30 degrees of glenohumeral forward flexion, unloading the LHBT increased HH posterior translation by 2.46mm (±0.92mm) (p<0.001), 1.71mm (±1.02mm) (p<0.001) and 1.02mm (±0.88mm) (p=0.014) at maximum ER, neutral rotation, and maximum IR, respectively (Figure 3). At 60 degrees of glenohumeral forward flexion, unloading the LHBT increased HH posterior translation by 2.77mm (±1.16mm) (p<0.001), 2.43mm (±1.56mm) (p<0.001) and 1.66mm (±1.42mm) (p<0.001) at maximum ER, neutral rotation and maximum IR, respectively (Figure 4). Unloading the LHBT led to more posterior translation at 60 degrees of glenohumeral forward flexion compared to 30 degrees (p=0.013). Conclusions: LHBT loading resists posterior translation of the humeral head during forward flexion. This data supports the role of the LHBT as a posterior stabilizer of the shoulder, specifically when a person is carrying objects in front of them. Biceps tenotomy or tenodesis may contribute to microinstability of the glenohumeral joint and shift contact pressure posteriorly. Further work is needed to determine if unloading the LHBT, as is done with biceps tenotomy or tenodesis, may eventually contribute to the posterior glenoid wear seen with osteoarthritis.
Paper 09: Differences in Glenohumeral Range of Motion and Humeral Torsion Between Right-Handed and Left-Handed Major League Baseball Pitchers.
Authors: Harris Jeremy , Freeston Jonathan , Soloff Lonnie , Himmerick Daniel , Pipkin Andrew , Genin Jason , Schickendantz Mark , Frangiamore Salvatore , Maier Jacob 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Substantial differences in throwing metrics, like velocity, spin rate and pitcher break, have been observed between left and right-handed pitchers. Elite pitchers have demonstrated significant changes in glenohumeral range of motion and humeral torsion compared to the normal population. Differences in these anatomical parameters between left and right-handed pitchers may explain these performance trends. Furthermore, changes in shoulder range of motion measurements have been associated with different injury risks and challenges in assessing rehabilitation progress. This study seeks to determine if differences in glenohumeral range of motion and humeral torsion exist between left-handed and right-handed pitchers. Methods: 217 MLB pitchers from a single organization were evaluated over a 7-year period from 2013-2020. Range of motion was evaluated by three trained examiners using a Standard Goniometer. Ultrasound scanning was used to determine neutral position of the shoulder and the degree of humeral torsion was measured with a goniometer. The mean and standard deviation were assessed for normality using Shapiro Wilk. Differences between right and left-handed pitchers were assessed using one-way ANOVA. Arm effects were assessed using paired samples t-tests. Results: Right-handed pitchers showed, on average, 13.9 degrees more shoulder external rotation range in their dominant arm compared with their non-dominant arm, whereas left-handers averaged only 2.2 degrees. RHPs showed greater asymmetries in shoulder internal rotation range (13.9 vs 4.8 degrees) and humeral torsion (-23.1 vs -2.2 degrees). Left-handed pitchers showing significantly greater range of non-dominant shoulder flexion (165.8 vs 160.7 degrees) leading to greater flexion deficits in the dominant arm compared to their right-handed counterparts, (7.5 vs 0.0 degrees). Conclusions: Right-handed pitchers demonstrate significantly greater measures of external rotation, humeral retrotorsion, and shoulder flexion compared to left-handed counterparts. The correlation between humeral retrotorsion and increased external rotation indicate that osseus adaptations are a major contributor to range of motion differences associated with handedness. Additionally, these findings may explain observed differences in several throwing metrics between right and left-handed pitchers. Furthermore, knowledge of these differences can inform rehabilitations programs and shoulder maintenance regimens. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
Paper 12: Revision Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers: Effect on Fastball Velocity and Usage
Authors: Cinque Mark , Chona Deepak , Abrams Geoffrey , Sherman Seth , Safran Marc , Freehill Michael , LaPrade Christopher 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears are prevalent in Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers and cause significant loss of time with varying reports of impact on performance. Revision UCL reconstruction (UCLR) is increasingly common, with little known about the effects on both fastball (FB) velocity and usage (%) in this setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of revision UCLR on MLB pitchers with respect to post-operative FB % and velocity at one and two years after return-to-play. The hypothesis was that post-operative FB usage (FB%) and velocity would significantly decrease versus pre-injury levels in the revision UCLR group, and that revision UCLRs would result in significantly decreased FB % and velocity in comparison to a matched group of MLB pitchers after primary UCLRs. Methods: Public records were used to identify MLB pitchers from 2008 to 2020 who underwent a revision UCLR. The PITCHf/x system, which was installed in 2007 and is a standardized recording of all pitches thrown in MLB stadiums, collected FB velocity for four-seam (4FB) and two-seam (2FB) fastballs and total FB % for pitchers in the pre-injury year as well as the first two years after return. A matched control group of pitchers who underwent primary UCLR was used for comparison. Results: Nineteen pitchers fit the study criteria. There were no significant differences in the revision UCLR group in FB velocity between pre-injury levels (4FB 92.87 mph, 2FB 91.43 mph) and years one (4FB 92.55 mph, p=.375) (2FB 91.2 mph, p=0.448) and two (4FB 93.38 mph, p=.695) (2FB 91.59 mph, p=0.806) after return (Table 1). There were also no significant differences in FB % usage between the pre-injury season (60.4) and first (56.5, p=.095) or second years (52.5, p=.053) after return (Table 1). In terms of walks and hits per innings pitched (WHIP), strikeouts per 9 innings (K/9), and walks per 9 innings (BB/9), the only significant difference between pre-injury and post-injury outcomes was a significant higher K/9 in the first season after return (p=0.031) (Table 1). There were no significant differences between FB velocity or % usage between the revision and primary UCLR groups at any time point (Tables 2-4). There were also no significant differences in the revision and primary UCLR groups between WHIP, K/9, or BB/9 with the exception of lower WHIP (p=0.015) and K/9 (p=0.001) in the pre-injury season (Tables 2-4). Conclusions: In pitchers that return to the MLB level, there were no significant differences in FB velocity versus their pre-injury levels or in comparison to pitchers after primary UCLR. While not statistically significant, a trend was demonstrated that there was a clinically relevant decrease in FB % usage, potentially suggesting less confidence in their FB. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]