bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐threatening infections during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the Malaysia‐Singapore 2003 and 2010 clinical trials: A risk prediction model
Authors: Oh Bernice L. Z. , Fan Lijia , Lee Shawn H. R. , Foo Koon Mian , Chiew Kean Hui , Seeto Zelia Z. L. , Chen Zhi Wei , Neoh Cheryl C. C. , Liew Germaine S. M. , Eng Jing Jia , Lam Joyce C. M. , Quah Thuan Chong , Tan Ah Moy , Chan Yiong Huak , Yeoh Allen E. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimLife‐threatening infections significantly impact the care of children undergoing therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who are at risk of severe sepsis due to both host and treatment factors. Our aim was to develop a life‐threatening infection risk prediction model that would allow remote rapid triage of patients to reduce time to first dose of antibiotics and sepsis‐related mortality.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 2068 fever episodes during ALL therapy was used for model building and subsequent internal validation.ResultsThree hundred and seventy‐seven patients were treated for ALL in two institutions with comparable critical and supportive care resources. A total of 55 patients accounted for 71 admissions to the critical care unit for sepsis that led to eight septic deaths during a 16‐year study period. A retrospective analysis of risk factors for sepsis enabled us to build a model focused on 13 variables that discriminated admissions requiring critical care well: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of .82; 95% CI .76–.87, p<.001, and Brier score of .033. Significant univariate predictors included neutropenia, presence of symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever during induction or steroid‐based phases, and the lack of any localizing source of infection at time of presentation.ConclusionWe have developed a risk prediction model that can reliably identify ALL patients undergoing treatment who are at a higher risk of life‐threatening sepsis. Clinical applicability can potentially be extended to low‐middle income settings, and its utility should be further studied in real‐world settings.
Early high‐dose continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration alleviates the alterations of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in septic patients combined with acute kidney injury
Authors: Jin Beibei , Cao Da , Yang Ning , Wang Ling , Li Ruifang , Liu Xiumei , Gong Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to determine whether early high‐dose continuous venous–venous hemofiltration (CVVH) alleviates the alterations in CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in septic patients combined with acute kidney injury.MethodsEnrolled septic patients combined with acute kidney injury were randomized into CVVH (n = 50) and conventional treatment (non‐CVVH, n = 53) groups. Healthy volunteers (n = 21) were enrolled. CVVH was initiated within 12 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission with doses of 35~60 ml/kg/h and maintained for at least 72 h. Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg were measured by flow cytometry on days 1, 3, and 7 of ICU admission. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were calculated.ResultsTh1 percentages and Th1/Th2 ratios were lower, and Th2, Th17, and Treg percentages and Th17/Treg ratios were higher in septic patients compared to healthy volunteers. CVVH significantly increased Th1 percentages and Th1/Th2 ratios, and significantly decreased Th2, Th17, and Treg percentages and Th17/Treg ratios compared to non‐CVVH. Th1 percentages and Th1/Th2 ratios were negatively correlated with SOFA scores, while Th2, Th17, and Treg percentages and Th17/Treg ratios were positively correlated with SOFA scores. Patients with CVVH had significantly lower SOFA scores on day 7 of ICU admission and a shorter ICU stay compared to those with non‐CVVH.ConclusionsSeptic patients combined with acute kidney injury exhibit different alterations of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets. Early high‐dose CVVH alleviates the alterations, which may be one of the factors associated with improved sepsis severity.
The use of, and outcomes for, inflammatory bowel disease services during the Covid‐19 pandemic: a nationwide observational study
Authors: Deputy Mohammed , Sahnan Kapil , Worley Guy , Patel Komal , Balinskaite Violeta , Bottle Alex , Aylin Paul , Burns Elaine M , Hart Ailsa , Faiz Omar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) services have been particularly affected by the Covid‐19 pandemic. Delays in referral to secondary care and access to investigations and surgery have been exacerbated.AimsTo investigate the use of and outcomes for emergency IBD care during the Covid‐19 pandemic.MethodsNationwide observational study using administrative data for England (2015‐2020) comparing cohorts admitted from 1 January 2015, to 31 January 2020 (pre‐pandemic) and from 1 February 2020, to 31 January 2021 (pandemic). Autoregressive integrated moving average forecast models were run to estimate the counterfactual IBD admissions and procedures for February 2020 to January 2021.ResultsLarge decreases in attendances to hospital for emergency treatment were observed for both acute ulcerative colitis (UC, 16.4%) and acute Crohn’s disease (CD, 8.7%). The prevalence of concomitant Covid‐19 during the same episode was low [391/16 494 (2.4%) and 349/15 613 (2.2%), respectively]. No significant difference in 30‐day mortality was observed. A shorter median length of stay by 1 day for acute IBD admissions was observed (P < 0.0001). A higher rate of emergency readmission within 28 days for acute UC was observed (14.1% vs 13.4%, P = 0.012). All IBD procedures and investigations showed decreases in volume from February 2020 to January 2021 compared with counterfactual estimates. The largest absolute deficit was in endoscopy (17 544 fewer procedures, 35.2% reduction).ConclusionThere is likely a significant burden of untreated IBD in the community. Patients with IBD may experience clinical harm or protracted decreases in quality of life if care is not prioritised.
Impact of P‐glycoprotein and/or CYP3A4‐interacting drugs on effectiveness and safety of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Grymonprez Maxim , Vanspranghe Kevin , Capiau Andreas , Boussery Koen , Steurbaut Stephane , Lahousse Lies 
Published: February 2022

AimsP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and CYP3A4‐interacting drugs influence plasma levels of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). However, the clinical relevance is questioned. Therefore, the impact of pharmacokinetically‐interacting drugs on the effectiveness and safety of NOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was investigated.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed based on randomized controlled trials and observational studies retrieved from Pubmed and Embase that investigated the impact of concomitantly used P‐gp/CYP3A4‐interacting drugs on the risk–benefit profile of NOACs in AF patients.ResultsFifteen studies were included, investigating 21 711 and 306 421 NOAC‐treated AF patients with and without P‐gp/CYP3A4 inhibitor use respectively, while only 1 study included P‐gp/CYP3A4 inducers. In NOAC‐treated AF patients, concomitant use of P‐gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors was associated with significantly higher major bleeding (relative risk [RR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.01–1.19]) and all‐cause mortality risks (RR 1.14, 95%CI [1.05–1.23]) compared to not using P‐gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors, while the risks of stroke/systemic embolism (RR 0.88, 95%CI [0.77–1.01]), intracranial bleeding (RR 0.89, 95%CI [0.68–1.15]) and gastrointestinal bleeding (RR 1.09, 95%CI [0.91–1.30]) were not significantly different. Concomitant use of amiodarone with NOACs was associated with lower thromboembolic (RR 0.75, 95%CI [0.61–0.92]), similar major bleeding (RR 0.92, 95%CI [0.80–1.07]) but higher mortality risks (RR 1.21, 95%CI [1.05–1.39]). Coadministration of verapamil or diltiazem was associated with higher major bleeding risks (RR 1.64, 95%CI [1.31–2.06]), but comparable thromboembolic (RR 1.10, 95%CI [0.75–1.61]) and mortality risks (RR 1.01, 95%CI [0.77–1.33]).ConclusionGiven the higher bleeding and mortality risks in NOAC‐treated AF patients concomitantly using P‐gp/CYP3A4 inhibitors, close monitoring is warranted.
The association between neurodegeneration and local complement activation in the thalamus to progressive multiple sclerosis outcome
Authors: Cooze Benjamin J. , Dickerson Matthew , Loganathan Rukshikah , Watkins Lewis M. , Grounds Ethan , Pearson Ben R. , Bevan Ryan Jack , Morgan B. Paul , Magliozzi Roberta , Reynolds Richard , Neal James W. , Howell Owain W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe extent of grey matter demyelination and neurodegeneration in the progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) brains at post‐mortem associates with more severe disease. Regional tissue atrophy, especially affecting the cortical and deep grey matter, including the thalamus, is prognostic for poor outcomes. Microglial and complement activation are important in the pathogenesis and contribute to damaging processes that underlie tissue atrophy in PMS. We investigated the extent of pathology and innate immune activation in the thalamus in comparison to cortical grey and white matter in blocks from 21 cases of PMS and 10 matched controls. Using a digital pathology workflow, we show that the thalamus is invariably affected by demyelination and had a far higher proportion of active inflammatory lesions than forebrain cortical tissue blocks from the same cases. Lesions were larger and more frequent in the medial nuclei near the ventricular margin, whilst neuronal loss was greatest in the lateral thalamic nuclei. The extent of thalamic neuron loss was not associated with thalamic demyelination but correlated with the burden of white matter pathology in other forebrain areas (Spearman r = 0.79, p < 0.0001). Only thalamic neuronal loss, and not that seen in other forebrain cortical areas, correlated with disease duration (Spearman r = −0.58, p = 0.009) and age of death (Spearman r = −0.47, p = 0.045). Immunoreactivity for the complement pattern recognition molecule C1q, and products of complement activation (C4d, Bb and C3b) were elevated in thalamic lesions with an active inflammatory pathology. Complement regulatory protein, C1 inhibitor, was unchanged in expression. We conclude that active inflammatory demyelination, neuronal loss and local complement synthesis and activation in the thalamus, are important to the pathological and clinical disease outcomes of PMS.
Application of geometric morphometrics for facial congenital anomaly studies
Authors: Katsube Motoki , Yamada Shigehito , Utsunomiya Natsuko , Morimoto Naoki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe face is a small complex three‐dimensional (3D) structure composed of various bones and essential organs. Congenital anomalies of those organs represent various deformities; therefore, their quantification has been challenging. Linear measurements, such as lengths or angles between landmarks, called conventional morphometrics, have been used to quantify their phenotypes usually using 2D images, such as photographs or X‐ray images. During analysis, geometric information, which refers to the relative position of each structure, is lost. Geometric morphometrics (GM) uses shape configurations, including anatomical landmarks, which can retain geometric information throughout analysis and can help visualize the results, making it tremendously advantageous compared to conventional methods. Morphometric studies investigate variations within groups, identification of group differences, simulation of the ontogeny, or association with specific organs or genetic disorders, and GM can be applied to these purposes using multivariate statistical methods. The calculation of high‐dimensional data is usually required and has prevented GM from becoming a major morphometric method. However, recent developments in computer technology and software have enabled us to perform it easily with ordinary home computers, and the number of morphometric studies applying GM for facial congenital anomalies has been increasing recently. In this article, we introduce the concept and application of GM and review previous morphometric studies with GM regarding congenital facial anomalies.
Pattern of contact sensitization in patients with and without atopic dermatitis in an Asian dermatology center
Authors: Wee Charlene , Tan Chee Hian , Zhao Xiahong , Yew Yik Weng , Goon Anthony 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the traditional understanding is that contact sensitization is less frequent in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), recent studies have shown similar or higher rates of positive patch‐test results in AD patients.ObjectivesWe sought to characterise the pattern of contact sensitization in patients with and without AD and evaluate the association between AD and contact sensitization.MethodThis was a single‐center, 10‐year retrospective review of patients who underwent patch testing between 2007 and 2017.ResultsThere were 4903 patients (male‐to‐female ratio = 1:1.4; mean age 40.1 years) included. About half (2499, 51.0%) of all patients developed at least one positive reaction. The top five frequent reactions were to nickel sulfate (45.4%), potassium dichromate (16.0%), p‐phenylenediamine (13.4%), Myroxylon pereirae (11.8%), and fragrance mix I (11.2%). The overall prevalence of contact sensitization was not significantly different between patients with or without AD. Patients with AD were less likely to develop contact allergies to budesonide and thiuram mix, and more likely to develop contact allergies to potassium dichromate.ConclusionsContact sensitization was detected in 50% of patients who were patch tested. Nickel sulfate was the most frequently sensitizing allergen. The prevalence of contact allergies in atopic patients is comparable to that in non‐atopic patients.
Double Movements and Disembedded Economies: A Response to Richard Sandbrook
Authors: Goodwin Geoff 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTRichard Sandbrook (this issue) makes an important contribution to Polanyian debates in his typically insightful article on the double movement. However, his reading of the concept has limitations when used to analyse the historical evolution of capitalism and the current conjuncture. The merits and limits of his analysis are outlined in this article through the discussion of three core Polanyian concepts — disembedded economy, decommodification and countermovement. The article concludes by signposting the contribution Polanyian analysis can make to efforts to decolonize knowledge and reimagine the economy in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Considerations for Future Online Testing and Assessment in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Middleton Kyndra V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe onset of the coronavirus pandemic forced schools and universities across the nation and world to close and move to distance learning rather immediately. Almost two years later, colleges and universities have reopened, and most students have returned to campuses, but distance learning still occurs at a much higher rate than before the beginning of the pandemic. A few preliminary studies have shown that online assessment results are similar to in‐person assessment results. However, as colleges and universities have expanded their online options, new issues have arisen related to best practices, equity, fairness, test security, and test integrity. Paper‐and‐pencil assessments should not merely be moved to online assessments without careful consideration to how this administration change affects all students. With the switch to more online assessments, educators and researchers should thoroughly evaluate how to provide these assessments in the most secure, fair, and valid manner while also maintaining the test or assessment's integrity and interpretation.
Reduced relative fitness in hatchery‐origin Pink Salmon in two streams in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Authors: Shedd Kyle R. , Lescak Emily A. , Habicht Christopher , Knudsen E. Eric , Dann Tyler H. , Hoyt Heather A. , Prince Daniel J. , Templin William D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious studies generally report that hatchery‐origin Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) have lower relative reproductive success (RRS) than their natural‐origin counterparts. We estimated the RRS of Pink Salmon (O. gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska using incomplete pedigrees. In contrast to other RRS studies, Pink Salmon have a short freshwater life history, freshwater habitats in PWS are largely unaltered by development, and sampling was conducted without the aid of dams or weirs resulting in incomplete sampling of spawning individuals. Pink Salmon released from large‐scale hatchery programs in PWS have interacted with wild populations for more than 15 generations. Hatchery populations were established from PWS populations but have subsequently been managed as separate broodstocks. Gene flow is primarily directional, from hatchery strays to wild populations. We used genetic‐based parentage analysis to estimate the RRS of a single generation of stray hatchery‐origin Pink Salmon in two streams, and across the odd‐ and even‐year lineages. Despite incomplete sampling, we assigned 1745 offspring to at least one parent. Reproductive success (RS), measured as sampled adult offspring that returned to their natal stream, was significantly lower for hatchery‐ vs. natural‐origin parents in both lineages, with RRS ranging from 0.03 to 0.47 for females and 0.05 to 0.86 for males. Generalized linear modeling for the even‐year lineage indicated that RRS was lower for hatchery‐origin fish, ranging from 0.42 to 0.60, after accounting for sample date (run timing), sample location within the stream, and fish length. Our results strongly suggest that hatchery‐origin strays have lower fitness in the wild. The consequences of reduced RRS on wild productivity depend on whether the mechanisms underlying reduced RRS are environmentally driven, and likely ephemeral, or genetically driven, and likely persistent across generations.
Dyadic associations between COVID‐19‐related stress and mental well‐being among parents and children in Hong Kong: An actor–partner interdependence model approach
Authors: Chan Randolph C. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spread of COVID‐19 and its subsequent social distancing policies have profoundly impacted the lives of parents and children. Prolonged exposure to parenting‐related responsibilities and heightened levels of family conflict under stay‐at‐home orders coupled with reduced access to support systems and resources have rendered parents and children more prone to stress and mental health difficulties. Drawing on a transactional model of parent–child interactions, the present study applied an actor–partner interdependence model approach to examine the transactional relationship between COVID‐19‐related stress and mental well‐being among parents and children. Data from 109 Chinese parent–child dyads in Hong Kong were included in the study. Parents and their 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children completed a questionnaire on COVID‐19‐related stress, parent–child relationships, and mental well‐being. The results showed that 53.2% and 30.3% of the parents and children, respectively, showed poor mental well‐being, indicating possible emotional problems. Both actor and partner effects of parent COVID‐19‐related stress were found. Parent COVID‐19‐related stress was indirectly related to lower levels of parent and child mental well‐being, through the mediation of parent–child conflict. To facilitate psychological adjustment following the COVID‐19 outbreak, effective family‐based mental health and parenting interventions are needed to promote family cohesion and alleviate stress‐induced psychological symptoms. Even in the time of social distancing, telepsychotherapy and other online non‐psychotherapeutic interventions can serve as a valid alternative for parents and children who experience excessive distress. Implications for psychological services, family‐friendly policies, and social protection measures are also discussed.
Electrospun fibers as drying additive in cement‐bonded alumina castables
Authors: Storti Enrico , Himcinschi Cameliu , Neumann Marc , Hubálková Jana , Aneziris Christos G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple system to produce titanium dioxide precursor fibers by electrospinning was developed. The phase composition of the fibers was analyzed before and after heat treatment by means of Raman spectroscopy. The effect of these fibers and commercial polypropylene fibers (PP) on low‐cement high‐alumina castables was evaluated. Thermogravimetry was used to investigate the drying behavior of the different batches. In addition, the permeability of sintered cylinders was compared. Elastic moduli and cold modulus of rupture were measured on sintered and on thermally shocked samples to evaluate the thermal shock resistance. As in our previous work, the results showed that the fiber addition was beneficial for the drying behavior. However, the use of electrospun fibers likely caused water retention in the samples during storage. The batch containing PP fibers showed the highest final permeability, confirmed also by mercury intrusion porosimetry and by scanning electron microscopy. Otherwise, the precursor fibers left no pore channel after sintering and the permeability of this batch was the lowest. Thermal shock had no clear impact on bulk density or open porosity for any of the batches. Due to the presence of calcium oxide from the cement binder, hibonite (CaAlO) was detected by XRD alongside corundum in all samples.
Systemic therapies in vitiligo: a review
Authors: Fatima Sakeena , Abbas Tazeen , Refat Maggi A. , Harris John E. , Lim Henry W. , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Mohammad Tasneem F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVitiligo is characterized by the development of depigmented macules and patches. Autoimmunity has been established as a factor in disease pathogenesis, leading to utilization of immunosuppressive agents. Topical immunosuppressants are commonly used; however, this treatment modality is often cumbersome and inefficient, as many patients have active disease with extensive body surface area involvement. Prompt and aggressive treatment of vitiligo is important, as this may prevent progression and improve quality of life. To meet these challenges and improve patient outcomes, interest in systemic therapies has grown. Currently, oral therapies are rarely prescribed, likely due to concerns with systemic side effects and unclear efficacy. This article provides a brief overview on the use of systemic agents in treating vitiligo in order to provide additional therapeutic options to clinicians.