bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The state of the infrastructure of the wholesale trade market in Kazakhstan and the directions of its development
Authors: Азатбек Т.А. , Раимбеков Ж.С. , Байтенизов Д.Т. , Azatbek T. , Raimbekov Zh. , Baitenizov D. 
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются ключевые элементы инфраструктуры рынка оптовой торговли продовольственной продукцией в Казахстане. Авторами в статье проведен комплексный анализ торговых объектов в региональном разрезе, а также произведена оценка обеспеченности населения торговыми площадями. Объектами анализа явились структура юридических лиц в сфере торговли, региональная структура занятости в сфере торговли Республики Казахстан, сервисно-заготовительные центры, оптово-распорядительные центры, торговые помещения крупных торговых объектов в Казахстане, структура субъектов сферы оптовой торговли по размеру предприятий, техническое оснащение рынков сельской местности в регионах Республики Казахстан, специализированные рынки в регионах Казахстана, деятельность товарных бирж, закуп продуктов питания в стабилизационные фонды. Ключевым игроком на рынке продовольственных товаров остается государство, и авторы отмечают, что Правительством Республики Казахстан ведется работа по формированию цифровой инфраструктуры в сфере торговли продовольственной продукцией и созданы соответствующие сервисы и платформы. На основе анализа в данной работе обозначены ряд проблем, требующих вмешательства государства, выстраивания эффективных звеньев логистики и посредников. Авторы также отмечают, что необходимо усилить развитие товарных бирж, мобильной торговли и внедрение современных передовых технологий.
The article examines the key elements of the infrastructure of the wholesale food market in Kazakhstan. The authors in the article carried out a comprehensive analysis of retail facilities in the regional context, as well as an assessment of the provision of the population with retail space. The objects of analysis were the structure of legal entities in the field of trade, the regional structure of employment in the field of trade in the Republic of Kazakhstan, service and procurement centers, wholesale distribution centers, retail premises of large shopping facilities in Kazakhstan, the structure of wholesale trade entities by the size of enterprises, technical equipment of rural markets. localities in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, specialized markets in the regions of Kazakhstan, the activities of commodity exchanges, the purchase of food products for stabilization funds. The state remains the key player in the food market and the authors note that the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan is working to form a digital infrastructure in the field of food trade and have created appropriate services and platforms. Based on the analysis, this paper identifies a number of problems that require government intervention, building effective logistics links and intermediaries. The authors also note that it is necessary to strengthen the development of commodity exchanges, mobile commerce and the introduction of modern advanced technologies.
PROBLEMS OF REGISTRATION OF ACCOMPANYING INVOICES FOR GOODS AND ELECTRONIC INVOICES
Authors: Юсупов У.Б. , Тусибаева Г.С. , Алтынбеков М.А. , Мангибаева Д.Д. , Yussupov U. , Tussibayeva G. , Altynbekov M. , Mangibayeva D. 
Published: February 2022

Ғылыми мақалада жаһандану жағдайында Қазақстан экономикасын дамыту үшін тауарларға ілеспе жүкқұжаттарға көшудің маңыздылығы мен перспективалары қарастырылған. Жүргізілген зерттеулер нәтижесінде сапаны арттыру үшін қателіктерге жол бермеу мақсатында ТІЖ енгізу процесін әдістемелік сүйемелдеу қажеттілігі негізделді. Бұл мақала Қазақстан Республикасының заңнамасындағы өзгерістерді зерттеуге арналған. Жұмыста тауарларға ілеспе жүкқұжаттарға, олардың мақсатына, міндеттеріне, кезеңдеріне қатысты пилоттық жобалар талданады. Мақалада ТІЖ және ЭШФ жазып беру тәртібі, төлеушілер, сондай-ақ ТІЖ ресімделетін тауарлардың тізбесі егжей-тегжейлі қарастырылған. ТІЖ бойынша пилоттық жобаның артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктері атап өтілді, бұл ретте осы электрондық құжатты жасаудың негізгі мақсатына баса назар аударылады. Жұмыста ТІЖ-ге көшудің сөзсіздігі көрсетілген, бірақ бұл ауысу жоғары деңгейде материалдық-техникалық, нормативтік-құқықтық, әдістемелік базамен қатар жүретін сауатты, кезең-кезеңмен болуы керек. Шынында да, өзінің электронды формасына қарамастан, ТІЖ толыққанды бастапқы бухгалтерлік құжат ретінде танылады және тауарға ілеспе құжаттар пакетінің құрамына кіреді. Бұдан әрі ТІЖ тауарларды ЕАЭО-ға мүше мемлекеттердің аумағынан әкелу кезінде жасалатын жүкқұжат пен тауарларды әкелу және жанама салықтардың төленгені туралы өтінішті алмастырады. Зерттеу әдістері ретінде талдау, синтез, дедукция және т.б. қолданылған.
The scientific article discusses the importance and prospects of the transition to accompanying invoices for goods (AIG) for the development of the economy of Kazakhstan in the context of globalization. As a result of the conducted research to improve the quality, the need for methodological support of the process of implementing the AIG in order to avoid mistakes is justified. This article is also devoted to the study of changes in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper analyzes pilot projects concerning accompanying invoices for goods, their purpose, tasks, periods. The article describes in detail the procedure for issuing the AIG and Electronic Accounts (EA), payers, as well as the list of goods for which the AIG is issued. The advantages and disadvantages of the pilot project on the AIG are highlighted, while the emphasis is placed on the main purpose of creating this electronic document. The paper shows the inevitability of the transition to the AIG, but this transition should be competent, step-by-step, accompanied by a material, technical, regulatory, methodological base at a high level. After all, despite its exclusively electronic form, the AIG is recognized as a full-fledged primary accounting document and is part of the package of shipping documents. In the future, the AIG will replace the waybill and the Application for the import of goods and payment of indirect taxes, which is drawn up when importing goods from the territory of the EAEU member states.
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BASED ON MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
Authors: Акашев Р.Д. , Хамитова Д.А. , Кадирова Н.К. , Akashev R. , Khamitova D. , Kadirova N. 
Published: February 2022

В статье исследованы анализ применения финансовых инструментов на основе мониторинга и оценки деятельности промышленных компаний Республики Казахстан. На основе опыта и анализа зарубежных и казахстанских ученых, были рассмотрены вопросы прогнозирования устойчивого развития на основе моделей и факторов устойчивого экономического развития. Для определения степени использования финансовых инструментов предприятиями были использованы статистические данные промышленных компаний за 2015-2020 годы, и рассчитаны ключевые показатели, иллюстрирующие вовлеченность предприятий в инструменты, характеризующие финансовую состоятельность. С помощью регрессионного анализа проанализировано влияние представленных показателей финансово-хозяйственной деятельности предприятий горнодобывающей промышленности и разработки карьерови обрабатывающей промышленностина получаемую ими прибыль, в результате которого были сделаны выводы. Анализ сравнения двух рассматриваемых отраслей промышленности показал значительную разницу между формированием прибыли за счет увеличения дохода, свидетельствующий о более эффективном управлении расходами в горнодобывающей промышленности и разработке карьеров по сравнению с обрабатывающей промышленностью, что свидетельствует о применении инновационных методах и технологиях в промышленности, а также служит конкурентным преимуществом для роста и расширения компаний
The article explored the analysis of the application of financial instruments based on monitoring and evaluation of industrial companies in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on the experience and analysis of foreign and Kazakh scientists, the issues of forecasting sustainable development based on models and factors of sustainable economic development were considered. To determine the extent to which enterprises use financial instruments, statistical data from industrial companies for 2015-2020 were used, and key indicators illustrating the involvement of enterprises in instruments that characterize financial solvency were calculated. Regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of the presented indicators of financial and economic activity of enterprises in the mining and quarrying and manufacturing industries on the profits they receive, which led to conclusions. The analysis of comparison of the two industries under consideration showed a significant difference between the formation of profit by increasing income, indicating a more effective cost management in mining and quarrying compared to the manufacturing industry, which indicates the use of innovative methods and technologies in the industry, and also serves as a competitive advantage for the growth and expansion of companies.
The Modified Impact of CEO Characteristics on the Relationship Between Internal Audit Quality and Firms Performance in The Jordanian Corporations
Authors: Magablih Ali Mustafa 
Published: February 2022

The study aim to identify the modified impact of the characteristics of the CEO on the relationship between the quality of internal auditing and the performance of the Jordanian corporations. The study population consisted of Jordanian corporations listed on Amman stock exchange. In order to achieve the objective of the study they adopted the descriptive analytical approach, by developing the questionnaire that was distributed. The study populations consist of all Jordanian corporations and 250 questioners was distributed in the study sample consisting of financial manager, internal auditor and heads of accounting department 206 questionnaire were received of which 183 were valid for analysis. Used the SPSS program in analysis the study tool in addition to some descriptive statistical methods (arithmetic, means and standard deviation).The study reached a number of results , most important of which are there is statistically significance level the quality of internal audit and positively effect the performance of Jordanian corporations, in addition the characteristic of the CEO passively effect the reaction ship between the quality of internal auditing and the performance of the Jordanian corporations. The study also came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which were the need to strength and improving the internal audit function in Jordanian companies, increasing its quality, and focusing more on the characteristics and attributes of the CEO. As well as the need for companies to keep abreast of developments and techniques related to internal auditing and use them in internal audit operations in Jordanian corporations.
Pengoptimalan Peran Organisasi Pengelola Zakat (OPZ) Secara Strategis dalam Membangun Ekonomi Umat
Authors: Wijaya Reza Henning 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Zakat is one of obligation of muslim also in social side and have strategic function. Purpose of this research is to explain and goves konkrit stategy to zakat organization in Indonesia to optimalize productive zakat moreover in social function. Method of this research is qualitative with library literature. Result of this research are zakat organization could be sinergy with sociey especially muslim society and government to create well elaboration to optimalize economy ummah. With new formula in their focus programs that is wish amilin can contribute as well to reach zakat potency in Indonesia.

Keywords: Zakat, Zakat Organization, Strategys.

Abstrak
Zakat merupakan suatu bentuk ibadah wajib dan sosial yang memiliki fungsi strategis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah memberikan strategi konkrit kepada amil zakat di Indonesia dalam mengoptimalkan zakat produktif dalam fungsi strategisnya. Metode penelitianini ialah kualitatif dengan studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah amil zakat harus terus mengoptimalkan perannya sebagai lembaga zakat dengan bersinergi dengan masyarakat khususnya umat Islam dan pemerintah sehingga akan menciptakan singergisitas yang baik dalam mengoptimalkan zakat sebagai rencana strategis pembangunan ekonomi umat. Dengan merumuskan dan memformulasikan program-program yang terfokus diharapkan amilin dapat berkontribusi lebih jauh dalam pencapaian potensi zakat di Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Zakat, Amil Zakat,Strategis.
Aircraft measurements of the albedo of the earth's surface and of clouds over India
Authors: MANI A. , CHACKO O. , DESIKAN V. , ABHYANKAR V. V. 
Published: February 2022

Measurements of global and reflected solar radiation and of the earth's albedo over extensive land areas in India and over the adjoining seas were made from a Canberra aircraft during July-August 1972 as part of an Indo- U .K. Project Exercise Storm Exchange. Two thermoelectric pyranometers, one facing upwards and the other facing downwards, were used to measure the global and reflected solar radiation, a photographic recorder with suspended coil mirror galvanometers recording the data continuously in flight.
Twenty aircraft flights were made from three bases, 7 from Bangalore, 8 from Poona and 5 from Calcutta, over both land and sea, covering areas from 7°N to 240N and 71°E to 89°E. The aircraft flew at heights above ground/ sea from 150 to 15,000m.
The values of global solar radiation recorded were of the order of J. 60 to 1.80 cal/cm2/min at heights of 4,600 m to 15,000 m, when there were no clouds; thin cirrus reduced this value by about 16 to 20 per cent and other clouds by larger amounts depending on their type and thickness.
The albedo over the sea was found to vary between 0.04 to 0.13, depending on the state of the solar elevation and that over the ground between 0.10 to 0.25. The albedo over active cumulus clouds was about I 0'40 to 0.60 and that over cumulus of smaller extent between 0.25 and 0.40. Stratocumulus clouds have smaller albedo 0.20-0.40 and stratus, 015-0.25. The albedo of altostratus clouds was found to lie between 0.25 and 0.35. The albedo of the cirrus remains of dissipating cumulonimbus clouds was about 0.45 to 0.55. In the growing cumulus cloud the albedo changes from 0.20 to 0.55 depending on the stage of growth. Albedo values change from 0.16-0.27 to 0.30-0.36, when stratus and stratocumulus clouds are associated with cirriform clouds.
The observations are compared with satellite and ground observations of surface albedo over India.
A study of cloud spirals of tropical cyclones
Authors: LAHIRI ABHIJIT 
Published: February 2022

From examination of a number of tropical cyclones in the vicinity of Miami, Sen and Hiser (1957) found that the cloud spirals of tropical cyclones, in general, fit with equiangular spirals. We have also found the same characteristic to be valid in case of tropical cyclones of Indian seas. Moreover the average trajectories and streamlines drawn by various workers have also been found to closely approximate with equiangular spirals.

In this paper, the general axially symmetric wind field with streamlines as equiangular spirals has been obtained and it has been shown that the ratio of divergence to vorticity equals to the cotangent of the angle of spirals in such cases, Using this result, it has been shown that the rate of generation of latent heat within a tropical cyclone is proportional to the cotangent of the angle of spirals, and certain well known satellite and radar characteristics have been established.
Fog at Santacruz Airport
Authors: RANGARAJAN S. 
Published: February 2022

A study of fogs that occurred at Santaeruz Airport during the period 1944 to 1951 has been made. It is found that while fog did not occur at all during certain years, as many as 7 fogs occurred in 1945 and 5 In 1951. Fog occurs mostly during the months of February and March. Synoptic situations associated with days of fog have been discussed and a method of forecasting fog has been indicated. A fog prediction diagram for Santacruz has been described and its usefulness tested with reference to actual data for the winter season' of 1948 and 1950. A comparison has been made of fogs at Drigh Road Airport, Karachi and those at Santacruz.
The Diurnal Variation of Upper Winds over Bombay and Poona
Authors: PARTHASARATRY S. , NARAYANAN J. 
Published: February 2022

The study has been made from mean monthly velocities. The land and sea breezes which are the most important variations in Bombay, are found to be related with diurnal variation in pressure distribution over a wide area especially caused by the land distribution of that region. The land breeze is associated with a. high and the sea breeze with a' low '. The vertical extent of the sea breeze is found to coincide with the level where the' low' changes to ' high '.
The afternoon winds over Poona are found to be antitriptic in the lower leve'1s and they continue to be weak at higher levels due to weak pressure gradient. In some. of the non-monsoon months katabatie winds Over Poona .are found perceptible even up to 150 metres above ground level.
Characteristics of the Upper Troposphere, Tropopause and the Lower Stratosphere over Trivandrum
Authors: RAO P. R.  KRISHNA , GANESAN V. 
Published: February 2022

Using the data from radiosonde ascents at Trivandrum in the years 1948-51 and from afternoon pilot balloon ascents ov-er Nagercoil in 1944-50 the structure of the atmosphere over Trivandrum with special reference to the upper troposphere, tropopause and lower stratosphere has been studied. Tables of temperatures and air densities are given and temperatures over Trivandrum are compared with those over Madras, Poona and Agra and at the same latitude over East Africa. Diagrams giving a composite picture of the wind and temperature distribution, four seasonal mean tephigrams and temperature- height curves for the ten ascents reaching the trcpopause are also given and discussed. The patterns of wind distribution in January, April, July and October compared with the four basic currents in the tropics classified by Riehl.
The chief results of the study are-
(i) The annual range of temperature is small and is maximum at the 200-100 mb level.
(ii) The tropopause occurs at or slightly above the 100-mb level and appears to be lower in June to October than in the rest of the year. The average counter-lapse of temperature in the lower stratosphere up to 20 km is -2°C km -1.
(iii) The maximum lapse rate of temperature occurs between 300 and 200-mb levels. There is a marked decrease of lapse rate at the 150-mb level, about 2 km below the tropopause.
(iv) Winds with easterly components are the most predominant, westerly winds occurring mainly between surface and the 400-mb level during June to October. Easterly components are prominent and strong above the 300-mb level in June to October and increase in force with height up to the tropopause and decrease with height at higher levels.
(v) There is a large negative gradient of temperature between Trivandrum and Madras in the 200-100 mb region in all the seasons and to a lesser degree between Trivandrum and north IndIa in winter and above the 600-mb level in summer. There is a positive gradient of temperature between Trivandrum and north India (Agra) in the SW monsoon season up to the 200-mb level, specially in the 500-300 mb region.
Sequence of months with rain above and below average in Rayalaseema considered in relation to the theory of probability
Authors: SRINIVASAN T. R. 
Published: February 2022

Monthly rainfall over a period of 60 years (1891-1950) in Rayalaseema has been analysed. The averages of the 12 months were determined and the sequences of months with rain above and below average (designated as A and B) respectively studied. It is found that an empirical relationship of the form log F=nR+S (where R and S are constants) exists between n the length of the run or sequence and F the cumulative frequency of runs of length n and more.
After performing the contingency test for the independence of the nature of consecutive months an approach based on the theory of probability is made and a justification for the observed logarithmic relation obtained.
A note on the variation of rainfall in Malabar
Authors: BALASUBRAMANIAM C. , KRISHNAN K.A. 
Published: February 2022

Twenty seven years rainfall data from 1926 to 1952 were collected from the rainfall report published in the Fort St. George Gazette for the nine taluka headquarter of Malabar district. The technique of analysis of variance(Fisher 1938) is made use of in testing the significance of variance due to years and between talukas. Interplace correlations have been worked out to have an idea of the homogeneity of the region.
Hailstorm at Poona on 16th March 1954
Authors: VENKTESHWARAN S.P. , RAMAKRISHNAN S.S. 
Published: February 2022

Hailstorms at Poona have been practically confined to the pre-monsoon months of March to Mayr , when they may occur occasionally in some years in the afternoons. A fairly severe hailstorm occurred at Poonn at ;,bout 1800 1ST on 16 March 1954. The storm came over the station from the north. From enquiries made from parties at different points in the neighborhoods, it was ascertained that the hail was experienced over a strip about 6 miles in the N·S direction and about 4 miles in the E-W direction. The Meteorological Office was about 2 miles to the south of the central region . The maximum size of hail reported was ahout 3/4" diameter in the Meteorological Office at Poona and in the Central Agricultural Meteorlogical Obsevartory, about half a mile to the north, the most predominant size Was about half inch in diameter.
Lipedema: lo que debemos conocer
Authors: Quirós Siniterra de Vásquez Luz , Uclés Villalobos Vanessa 
Published: February 2022

El lipedema es un trastorno crónico que se presenta en mujeres durante la pubertad u otros momentos de cambios hormonales como en el embarazo o la menopausia. Es caracterizado por una obesidad desproporcionada de las extremidades, especialmente en caderas y piernas, asociado a hematomas con mínimo trauma y dolor espontáneo o inducido por presión. Usualmente es mal diagnoticado e infratratado y suele confundirse con otras enfermedades como la obesidad y linfedema. Su causa aún se sigue estudiando, existen hipótesis sobre su origen poligenético regulado por los estrógenos, por el inicio de la enfermedad en etapas de cambio hormonal y debido a que se presenta mayormente en mujeres. Los tratamiento para el lipedema se basa en seis pilares: 1) Fisioterapia-ejercicios, 2) Terapia compresiva, 3) Control de peso, 4) Liposucción, 5) Terapia psicosocial-6) Automanejo.