bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crown-of-thorns starfish in captivity experience sustained large-scale changes in gene expression
Authors: Morin Marie , Jönsson Mathias , Wang Conan K. , Craik David J. , Degnan Sandie M. , Degnan Bernard M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMarine animals in the wild are often difficult to access, so that biologists have to extrapolate from the study of animals in captivity. However, the implicit assumption that physiological and cellular processes of animals in artificial environments are not significantly different from those in the wild has rarely been tested. Here we investigate the extent to which the biological state of an animal is impacted by captivity by comparing global gene expression in wild and captive crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS). We compare transcriptomes of three external tissues obtained from wild COTS with captive COTS maintained in aquaria for at least one week. On average, an astonishingly large 24% of the coding sequences in the genome are differentially expressed. Comparing transcriptomes from coelomocytes – cells in internal coelomic fluid – in wild and captive COTS, we find that 20% of the coding sequences in the genome rapidly change expression. These captive transcriptomes remained markedly different from the wild ones for more than 30 days in captivity, and showed no indication of reverting back to a wild state. Genes consistently upregulated in captivity include those involved in oxidative stress and energy metabolism, whereas genes downregulated are involved in intercellular signalling. These extensive changes in gene expression in captive COTS suggest that captivity has a profound and sustained impact on the physiology, behaviour and health of these echinoderms. The potential for such dramatic changes should be accounted for when designing studies seeking to understand wild animals.
Employer attractiveness, employee engagement and employee performance
Authors: Nguyen Ha Minh , Nguyen Luan Vinh 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThis study examines the effects of employer attractiveness (EA) on employee engagement (EE) and employee performance (EP).Design/methodology/approachMixed method. The analytical technique is the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling through survey questionnaires collected from 937 respondents as employees from 37 enterprises in Vietnam.FindingsEA has a positive impact on EE and EP factors. However, EE has no statistically significant impact on EP.Practical implicationsThis study helps managers build solutions toward retaining talent and improving EP through the strategy of building EA. Concurrently, this study guides the important factors to build an effective EA.Originality/valueThis study explores the relationship between three factors: EA, EE and EP. This has added a new research direction of EA to existing employees. In addition, the study results provide a new perspective on the relationship between EE and EP.
Selective search and new-to-market process innovation
Authors: Aliasghar Omid , Kanani Moghadam Venus 
Published: July 2022

PurposeSearching for knowledge from outside firms' boundaries has been proved to be a critical strategy to develop innovation. However, the existing body of research has mainly focused on the high-tech sector in developed countries, largely neglecting the considerable role of low- and medium-technology sectors (LMT) in emerging contexts. The authors discuss the fact that knowledge search patterns and the role of internal R&D intensity differ for firms operating in LMT sectors.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 1,365 firms operating in LMT sectors in Iran was used to test the proposed conceptual model, using logistic regression analysis.FindingsThe findings show that a firm will learn from its collaboration with value chain partners only if it has a strong in-house R&D capacity. In addition, while a high level of internal research development capacity increases the impact of knowledge acquired from value chain partners, the authors did not find evidence for complementarity between the investment in internal technology development and knowledge acquired from university and science-based partners.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies in open innovation that have mainly investigated the role of knowledge search on product innovation in developed countries, this study contributes to the literature by connecting the concepts of R&D intensity and selective search, discussing that businesses operating in challenging contexts follow different knowledge search strategies to develop process-related innovation activities.
The influence of YouTube videos on human tolerance of sharks
Authors: Beall J. M. , Pharr L. D. , von Furstenberg R. , Barber A. , Casola W. R. , Vaughn A. , Peterson M. N. , Larson L. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSharks are often depicted in the media as violent killers that actively seek out opportunities to harm humans. This framing may impact human tolerance and support of shark conservation, underscoring the need to identify strategies that counteract these negative representations. Social media, given its widespread use, could be an effective platform for shaping public tolerance for sharks and other wildlife species. In this experimental study, we conducted an online pre‐post survey in Spring 2020 to determine how viewing shark‐related YouTube videos impacted tolerance for sharks among residents (n = 335) in the coastal state of North Carolina (NC), USA and neighboring states. The study employed framing theory, which suggests that the ways in which information is presented influence how it is processed and the actions that result from it. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two video treatments where sharks were framed positively or negatively. Each video treatment impacted tolerance for sharks in the direction of their framing: positive framing influenced positive changes in tolerance (70% more positive attitudes toward sharks, a 130% increase in acceptance of sharks and a 46% increase in intended shark conservation behaviors), and negative framing influenced negative changes (25% more negative attitudes toward sharks, a 18% decrease in acceptance of sharks and a 3% decrease in intended shark conservation behaviors). These findings suggest positive messages about sharks on social media promote tolerance of sharks and can be more impactful than negative messages. At least one form of social media, YouTube, appears to be a valuable tool for encouraging tolerance for sharks.
Influence of moderate hypothermia on renal and cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass in sheep
Authors: Jufar Alemayehu H. , May Clive N. , Evans Roger G. , Cochrane Andrew D. , Marino Bruno , Hood Sally G. , McCall Peter R. , Bellomo Rinaldo , Lankadeva Yugeesh R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimCardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can result in renal and cerebral injury. Intraoperative tissue hypoxia could contribute to such organ injury. Hypothermia, however, may alleviate organ hypoxia. Therefore, we tested whether moderate hypothermia (30°C) improves cerebral and renal tissue perfusion and oxygenation during ovine CPB.MethodsTen sheep were studied while conscious, under stable anesthesia, and during 3 h of CPB. In a randomized within‐animal cross‐over design, five sheep commenced CPB at a target body temperature of 30°C (moderate hypothermia). After 90 min, the body temperature was increased to 36°C (standard procedure). The remaining five sheep were randomized to the opposite order of target body temperature.ResultsCompared with the standard procedure, moderately hypothermic CPB reduced renal oxygen delivery (−34.8% ± 19.6%,P = 0.003) and renal oxygen consumption (−42.7% ± 35.2%,P = 0.04). Nevertheless, moderately hypothermic CPB did not significantly alter either renal cortical or medullary tissue PO2. Moderately hypothermic CPB also did not significantly alter cerebral perfusion, cerebral tissue PO2, or cerebral oxygen saturation compared with the standard procedure. Compared with the anesthetized state, the standard procedure reduced renal medullary PO2(−21.0 ± 13.8 mmHg,P = 0.014) and cerebral oxygen saturation (65.0% ± 7.0% to 55.4% ± 9.6%,P = 0.022) but did not significantly alter either renal cortical or cerebral PO2.ConclusionOvine experimental CPB leads to renal medullary tissue hypoxia. Moderately hypothermic CPB did not improve cerebral or renal tissue oxygenation. In the kidney, this is probably because renal tissue oxygen consumption is matched by reduced renal oxygen delivery.
Feasibility of a multiple‐component mindfulness intervention for Chinese adolescents living with overweight: A pilot randomized trial
Authors: Zhang Qian , O'Connor Daryl B. , Hugh‐Jones Siobhan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity among Chinese adolescents is rising rapidly, and theoretically informed, scalable weight management interventions are needed. We developed and evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effects of an mHealth nutrition education and mindful snacking intervention for weight loss and improved dietary practices among Chinese adolescents with overweight. We examined whether including implementation intention formation (using if–then plans) improved outcomes. With user consultation, we created a 3‐week mindful eating intervention delivered as 10 videos to user smartphones. Participants (n = 55) were randomly assigned to mindful eating or mindful eating + planning. Forty‐six (83.6%) participants (age = 16.35 ± 0.48 years; body mass index [BMI] = 25.79 ± 2.05 kg/m2) completed the intervention. Both groups exhibited significant pre‐ to post‐intervention weight loss (M = 1.42 and 1.79 kg, respectively); decreases in snacking frequencies, emotional eating, external eating, and trait craving; and significant increases in mindful eating and eating self‐efficacy. No significant intervention group differences were observed. User experience data (n = 16) indicated acceptability and meaningful behavior change. Findings suggest that a smartphone‐delivered mindfulness‐based intervention for Chinese adolescents living with overweight is feasible and efficacious.
Treatment of blast phase chronic myeloid leukaemia: A rare and challenging entity
Authors: Copland Mhairi 
Published: July 2022

SummaryDespite the success of BCR‐ABL‐specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib in chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), patients with blast phase (BP)‐CML continue to have a dismal outcome with median survival of less than one year from diagnosis. Thus BP‐CML remains a critical unmet clinical need in the management of CML. Our understanding of the biology of BP‐CML continues to grow; genomic instability leads to acquisition of mutations which drive leukaemic progenitor cells to develop self‐renewal properties, resulting in differentiation block and a poor‐prognosis acute leukaemia which may be myeloid, lymphoid or bi‐phenotypic. Similar advances in therapy are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes; however, this is challenging given the rarity and heterogeneity of BP‐CML, leading to difficulty in designing and recruiting to prospective clinical trials. This review will explore the treatment of BP‐CML, evaluating the data for TKI therapy alone, combinations with intensive chemotherapy, the role of allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, the use of novel agents and clinical trials, as well as discussing the most appropriate methods for diagnosing BP and assessing response to therapy, and factors predicting outcome.
Cushioning the blow: role of perirenal fat in renal trauma injury severity
Authors: Hakam Nizar , Lui Jason L. , Shaw Nathan M. , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the association between perirenal fat thickness (PFT) and renal trauma grade. We hypothesise this association is related to a shock‐absorbing effect of adiposity around the kidney.Patients and MethodsWe identified all patients with renal trauma who arrived at the emergency department of a single trauma centre between 2014 and 2020. Radiology images were reviewed to measure the PFT around the uninjured kidney due to disrupted PFT around the traumatised kidney. Patients with no available images or penetrating trauma mechanism were excluded. Logistic regression was used to assess the relation between PFT and high‐grade renal trauma (HGRT; defined as American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Renal Grade IV–V), adjusting for age, sex, and Injury Severity Scale (ISS).ResultsA total of 150 patients with renal trauma were included. The median (interquartile range) age was 38.5 (26–52) years and 106 (70.7%) were males. The PFT ranged between 2.1 and 50.1 mm, and 31 (20.7%) had HGRT. Interestingly, PFT only mildly correlated with body mass index (BMI; Pearson correlation coefficient 0.42, P < 0.001). Those with HGRT had significantly lower PFT compared to those without HGRT (median 9.5 vs 11.9 mm, P = 0.047). In the multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, and ISS, increasing PFT was associated with decreased odds (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.98; P = 0.015) of HGRT.ConclusionIncreasing PFT is associated with lower risk of HGRT following blunt injury. These results support a protective cushion role of adiposity in renal trauma. Notably, PFT was not strongly correlated with BMI, underscoring limitations of BMI in measuring adiposity.
The myeloid mineralocorticoid receptor regulates dermal angiogenesis and inflammation in glucocorticoid‐induced impaired wound healing
Authors: Nguyen Van Tuan , Ngo Qui Trung , Ramirez Roberto Palacios , Nakamura Toshifumi , Farman Nicolette , Aractingi Sélim , Jaisser Frederic 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeDelayed wound healing is among the deleterious consequences of over‐activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) induced by topical dermocorticoids. The role of dermal inflammation and angiogenesis in the benefits of MR blockade is unknown.Experimental ApproachSkin wounds were made on C57Bl6 mice after topical pretreatment with the dermocorticoid clobetasol. The impact of topical MR blockade by canrenoate on inflammation, angiogenesis, and the wound macrophage phenotype was analysed 5 days post‐wounding. Similar experiments were conducted on mice with genetic deletion of the MR in myeloid cells.Key ResultsTopical inhibition of the MR with canrenoate improved delayed wound healing through the resolution of prolonged inflammation in glucocorticoid‐pretreated mouse skin. This effect was associated with a higher ratio of anti‐inflammatory macrophages versus pro‐inflammatory macrophages in wounds treated by canrenoate. Furthermore, MR blockade led to upregulated expression of pro‐angiogenic factors and improved impaired angiogenesis in wounds of glucocorticoid‐pretreated skin. Finally, deletion of MR expression by myeloid cells reproduced the benefits of topical pharmacological MR blockade.Conclusion and ImplicationsTopical MR antagonism facilitates the switching of macrophages towards an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, which improves prolonged inflammation and induces angiogenesis to accelerate wound healing delayed by glucocorticoid treatment.
Harvesting has variable effects on demographic rates and population growth across three dry forest tree species
Authors: Neeraja U. V. , Saneesh C. S. , Dyda Venkat , Reddy Hemalatha , Yadama Gautam N. , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how anthropogenic activities, such as harvesting, influence plant populations is important to quantify sustainable practices that conserve species of socioeconomic importance. There is limited knowledge on how harvesting of branches and non‐timber forest products affect populations of trees in the dry tropics. We measure demographic vital rates of three dry tropical tree species in the presence and absence of harvesting and apply integral projection models to quantify population growth rates, which represent the mean fitness across the life cycle. Our results show that the three species vary in their demographic rates and life history. Harvesting significantly decreases the growth of two species. Current levels of harvesting only significantly decreased the population growth rate of one species that experienced both branch and main stem harvesting. Life table response experiments reveal that the negative effect of harvesting on the population growth rate of this species is primarily due to individuals being forced to re‐sprout from their base. Few individuals were observed recruiting from seed, and this might be due to the presence of other threats, such as fire, soil erosion, and grazing. Our results provide knowledge on the demography and the effects of harvesting on endemic tree species of the Eastern Ghats, a region for which few demographic studies are available. These results are relevant to conserving forest biodiversity for the benefits of people and can contribute to quantitative threat assessment for IUCN red listing.
Paediatric asthma and non‐allergic comorbidities: A review of current risk and proposed mechanisms
Authors: Brew Bronwyn K. , Osvald Emma Caffrey , Gong Tong , Hedman Anna M. , Holmberg Kirsten , Larsson Henrik , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Mubanga Mwenya , Smew Awad I. , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that children with asthma are at a higher risk of other non‐allergic concurrent diseases than the non‐asthma population. A plethora of recent research has reported on these comorbidities and progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms for comorbidity. The goal of this review was to assess the most recent evidence (2016–2021) on the extent of common comorbidities (obesity, depression and anxiety, neurodevelopmental disorders, sleep disorders and autoimmune diseases) and the latest mechanistic research, highlighting knowledge gaps requiring further investigation. We found that the majority of recent studies from around the world demonstrate that children with asthma are at an increased risk of having at least one of the studied comorbidities. A range of potential mechanisms were identified including common early life risk factors, common genetic factors, causal relationships, asthma medication and embryologic origins. Studies varied in their selection of population, asthma definition and outcome definitions. Next, steps in future studies should include using objective measures of asthma, such as lung function and immunological data, as well as investigating asthma phenotypes and endotypes. Larger complex genetic analyses are needed, including genome‐wide association studies, gene expression–functional as well as pathway analyses or Mendelian randomization techniques; and identification of gene–environment interactions, such as epi‐genetic studies or twin analyses, including omics and early life exposure data. Importantly, research should have relevance to clinical and public health translation including clinical practice, asthma management guidelines and intervention studies aimed at reducing comorbidities.
Aphelinus nigritus‐induced transgenerational fecundity compensation in parasitized Melanaphis sorghi
Authors: Wright Crys , Lei Jiaxin , Bernal Julio S. , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan , Medina Raul F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aphids adopt many defensive strategies against natural enemies. While immediate strategies like emitting alarm pheromones or producing secretions are often researched, fewer studies have assessed long‐term defences that include physiological adaptive responses affecting aphid reproduction.
Fecundity compensation is a post‐wounding increase in host reproduction, which benefits the offspring of wounded or parasitized insects. Though fecundity compensation can be expressed by individuals experiencing natural enemy attacks, it can also be transgenerational, wherein the offspring of wounded or parasitized mothers reproduce more than the offspring of unaffected mothers.
The possibility of fecundity compensation was tested on laboratory populations of the sorghum aphid (SA), Melanaphis sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in response to wounding from a needle puncture or sting by Aphelinus nigritus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).
No evidence of reproductive compensation was found among needle‐wounded, stung and mummified (successfully parasitized), or stung but not mummified SAs in the parental generation, nor in the F1 generation of needle‐wounded or stung but not mummified aphids. However, transgenerational fecundity compensation was observed in F1 daughters of mummified F0 mothers, though this effect did not occur in the F2 generation.
At the molecular level, changes were not detected in the expression of DNA methylation and histone modification genes that potentially mediated transgenerational fecundity compensation in SAs stung by A. nigritus, regardless of whether aphids were successfully parasitized. As SA is a cereal aphid pest, the possibility of fecundity compensation should be tested when assessing the suitability of certain parasitoids as biological control agents.
Estimation of the basic reproduction number forStreptococcus equispp.equioutbreaks by meta‐analysis of strangles outbreak reports
Authors: Houben Rosa M. A. C. , van Maanen Kees , Kemp‐Symonds Jeremy G. , Waller Andrew S. , Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan Marianne M. , Heesterbeek Hans 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus equispp.equi(S. equi), the cause of strangles in horses, is considered a highly contagious pathogen affecting equines and the equine industry worldwide. Fundamental epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks, such as the basic reproduction number (R0), are not well described.ObjectivesEstimateR0forS. equiin equine populations from outbreak data.Study designSystematic review and meta‐analysis of published and unpublished data.MethodsA literature search for outbreak reports was carried out. Depending on data available in the reports, the early epidemic growth rate or final attack rate (AR) approach was used to estimate the basic reproduction number for that outbreak. Other recorded outbreak characteristics were the type of housing (group vs. individual). An overall estimate forR0was computed by meta‐analysis.ResultsData from eight outbreaks were extracted from peer‐reviewed publications. Data from two additional, non‐published outbreaks was also included in the meta‐analysis. A conservative estimate forR0was 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–2.5). A less conservative estimate, including outbreaks with a 100% AR for which a lower limitR0was estimated, was 2.7 (95% CI 2.1–3.3).Main limitationsFew papers describing longitudinal incidence data were found so most estimates were based on the outbreaks' final size. Several outbreaks had a 100% attack rate and could therefore only be included as a lower limit estimate in the meta‐analysis. The reported result therefore may be an underestimation.ConclusionsThis estimate forR0forS. equiinforms parameters for future mathematical modelling, quantifies desired preventive vaccine coverage and helps evaluate the effect of prevention strategies through future modelling studies.