bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early introduction of solid foods and tiny tastings shortens the duration of breastfeeding
Authors: Stern Jenny , Funkquist Eva-Lotta , Grandahl Maria 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Since 2011, the National Food Agency in Sweden has informed parents that they can introduce tiny tastings (1 mL of solid food, i.e., other sources of nutrition than breastmilk/formula) to infants from four months of age. It is unknown how national recommendations, which differ from the Word Health Organization’s recommendation, affect breastfeeding. We hypothesized that introduction of tiny tastings of solid foods would shorten the duration of partial breastfeeding.Methods: This retrospective study utilizes data from the longitudinal ‘Swedish Pregnancy Planning Study’ in which mothers were recruited at antenatal clinics and answered three questionnaires up to one year after birth (n=1,251). Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between the introduction of solid foods and the duration of breastfeeding.Results: The main findings of this study were that half of all infants (48%) were fed with tiny tastings already in the fourth month, and correlation analysis showed that the earlier the infants started with tiny tastings, the earlier they ate larger amounts of solid food. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, five factors were identified as having a negative effect on the duration of breastfeeding: low infant age at the introduction of tiny tastings, low maternal age, low level of maternal education, high maternal BMI, and twin birth.Conclusions: Early introduction of tiny tastings of solid foods shortened the duration of breastfeeding.
Distinct computational mechanisms underlying cognitive flexibility deficits in impulsivity and compulsivity
Authors: Skvortsova Vasilisa , Hauser Tobias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cognitive flexibility, the ability to quickly adapt to changing environmental demands, is a hallmark of human behaviour, and is impaired across multiple psychiatric disorders. Especially compulsivity and impulsivity disorders have been linked to impaired adaptive learning and flexibility. Initial computational investigations suggested these distinct psychiatric dimensions suffer from the same underlying neurocognitive impairments, related to stochasticity during choice. However, a recent advance in computational neuroscience has demonstrated that imprecision in the learning process itself can account for a large portion of behavioural variability traditionally attributed to choice-stochasticity. Here, in a series of large-scale experiments using both lab-designed and gamified citizen-science tasks, we show that distinct computational markers are affected in compulsivity and impulsivity. Whilst impulsivity is tied to an imprecision in learning across valence domains, (hygiene-related) compulsivity is linked to choice-stochasticity. This double-dissociation demonstrates that distinct neurocomputational mechanisms can drive seemingly similar behavioural deficits, only dissociable using targeted computational approaches.
Rural-Urban Disparities In Birth Interval Among Women of Reproductive Age In Nigeria
Authors: Wegbom Anthony Ike , Bademosi Adetomi , Edet Clement Kevin , Kinakanwo Green , Sapira-Ordu Leesi , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Nigeria like most developing nations still faced with a higher rate of short birth interval (SBI), and its associated consequences, such as adverse maternal and child health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the distribution and factors associated with SBI in rural and urban Nigeria.Methods: The data for this study were extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Statistical analyses were descriptive analysis and binary logistic model.Results: The proportion of SBI in rural and urban Nigeria were 20.7% and 20.3% respectively. Women age, geopolitical region, education level, and the number of children ever born were significantly associated with SBI in rural and urban Nigeria. Maternal Wealth index and antenatal care visits were only significant in rural Nigeria after controlling for other factors. Higher odds of SBI for middle class women than poor women (AOR=1.19, 95% CI=1.06-1.35), and increase in ANC visits reduces the odds of having SBI: 4-7 visits (AOR=0.87, 95% CI= 0.77-0.98) and >7visits (AOR=0.83, 95% CI= 0.69-0.99).Conclusion: There were slight disparities in the prevalence of short birth intervals in rural and urban areas. Wealth index and ANC visits were only significant in rural Nigeria. Public health awareness campaigns should be strengthened to drive the importance of birth spacing techniques such as the utilization of modern contraceptives and breastfeeding in all the geo-political regions and across all the age strata. Women particularly those residing in the rural areas should be encouraged to advance their education to at least secondary level and enlightened on the importance of ANC.
Influence of Silica nano particles on Structural, Electrical and Dielectric properties of PEO/PVdF/NaNO3/EC based Composite Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Mallaiah Yalla , JEEDI VENKATA RAMANA , GANTA KIRAN KUMAR , Reddy S. Narendar , A SADANANDA CHARY 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
General Practice-based Pharmacy Longitudinal Clerkship: a Theoretically Underpinned Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Innes Catriona , Cunningham Scott , Addison Brian , Wedekind Yvonne , Watson Emma , Rudd Ian , Power Ailsa , Karim Laura , Rushworth Gordon F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Undergraduate medical student Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships improve clinical exposure. A Pharmacy Longitudinal Clerkship (PLC) was developed as a means of developing student pharmacists’(SPs) knowledge, skills and behaviours in general practice. AIM: The aim of this research was to carry out a theoretically underpinned qualitative evaluation of a PLC. METHOD: General practice-based PLCs were delivered in 2019/20 and 2020/21 for two cohorts of SPs in NHS Highland Health Board, Scotland. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used to explore experiences with all key stakeholders. Informed written consent was obtained. An interview schedule was developed and piloted using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic methodology. Ethics approval was granted. RESULTS: Interviews were completed with seven SPs and five general practitioner (GP) clinical tutors. Themes were identified that mapped to TDF domains and included; utilisation and practical application of knowledge; triangulation of skills under clinical supervision; confidence building with clinical and patient contact; elucidation of professional roles within general practice. CONCLUSION: This evaluation shows benefits of embedding SPs within clinical teams and immersing them in a clinical environment over a prolonged period of time as part of a Pharmacy Longitudinal Clerkship model within general practice. It is expected this will translate into a more confident transition to postgraduate professional clinical practice. Funding should be sought to test alternative PLC arrangements including: multiple full-time longitudinal placement blocks; or ultimately a year-long longitudinal clerkship programme with an IPE element. Further work should include longitudinal follow-up of SPs.
Virtual Reality Exergame in older Patients with Hypertension: A Preliminary Study to determine Load Intensity and Blood Pressure
Authors: Vorwerg Susan , Stamm Oskar , Haink Michele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLifestyle changes and physical activity can make an important contribution to reducing the risk factor of high blood pressure (BP). Whether virtual reality (VR) exergames are also appropriate and make a positive contribution to the reduction of BP has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, the aim of the study was to gain knowledge of the load intensities to be achieved during a VR exergame and to examine the short-term effects on BP.MethodsFor the preliminary study, 22 participants with hypertension over the age of 65 years were analyzed. The study took place in a mobile laboratory truck. All participants visited on two occasions. During visit 1, a VR strength endurance training (VR-SET) was conducted and on visit 2 a VR endurance training (VR-ET) was performed. Each VR training session lasted around 25 min and was of a moderate intensity. Heart rate (HR) was measured across the entire training session, as well as BP before and after VR training. The RPE and task load were determined after VR training. Included in the statistical analysis were the Shapiro-Wilk test, the paired t-test, the Wilcoxon test and the ANOVA for repeated measures.ResultsDuring the “main part” (p<.001), at the “end” (p=.002) and for the “maximum HR” (p<.001), significant load differences between both training sessions could be determined. In addition, significantly more participants in the VR-SET achieved the moderate load intensity of at least 40% of HRR (p=.014). Regarding RPE, participants rated their subjectively perceived exertion significantly higher in the VR-SET than in the VR-ET (p=.028). Systolic BP decreased significantly in both training sessions when compared before training and 5 min after training (p=.015; p=.003), as well as before training and 10 min after training (p=.018; p<.001).ConclusionsThe individual moderate load intensity of 40% can be reached during the VR-SET. Nevertheless, a positive short-term effect of VR training on BP behavior (post-exercise hypotension) was observed after both VR training sessions. The first results indicate that a VR exergame can lead to health-promoting effects in hypertension.Trial registrationThe study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00022881).
A Study of the Effect of Fiber Content and Fiber Orientation on the Tensile Strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite for Pipe Production: A Taguchi and Statistical Approach
Authors: Samuel Bassey Okon , Yawas Danjuma Saleh , Akpan Imaobong Okpongette 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study was aimed at optimizing the development parameters of a glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite for pipeline application. In this study, the Taguchi experimental design technique was applied to determine the best combination of process parameters (fiber content and orientation) for optimum tensile strength. The optimum tensile strength of 209.65MPa was reported at the fiber content of 50% and Fiber orientation of 45º. Analysis of variance also showed that in optimizing for high tensile strength, the glass fiber content and the fiber orientation are significant factors. The material at optimum tensile properties was applied in the simulation of the behavior of a high-pressured gas pipeline and results proved the reliability of the material in such application.
Paradigm shift in understanding the Galactic eROSITA Bubbles
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Mathur Smita , Kingsbury Josh , Das Sanskriti , Krongold Yair 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The magnificent bubbles at the Galactic center provide a great channel to understand the effects of feedback on galaxy evolution. The newly discovered eROSITA bubbles show enhanced X-ray emission from the shells around bubbles. Previous works assumed that the X-ray emitting gas in the shells has a single temperature component and that they trace the shock-heated lower-temperature Galactic halo gas. Here we show that the thermal structure of the eROSITA bubble shells is more complex. Using Suzaku observations we find with high confidence that the X-ray emission from the shells is best described by a two-temperature thermal model, one near Galaxy's virial temperature at ~0.2 keV and the other at super-virial temperatures ranging between kT = 0.4-1.1 keV. Furthermore, we show that temperatures of the virial and super-virial components are similar in the shells and in the ambient medium, although the emission measures are significantly higher in the shells. We argue that the X-ray bright eROSITA bubble shells are the signature of compressed isothermal radiative shocks. The age of the bubbles is constrained to 70-130 Myr. This expansion timescale, as well as the observed non-solar Ne/O and Mg/O ratios, favor the stellar feedback models for the formation of the Galactic bubbles, settling a long-standing debate on the origin of the Galactic bubbles.
Determination of the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanins of a beverage based on aloe vera and Jamaican sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
Authors: Mori-Mestanza Diner , Perez-Ruiz Darwin , Zuta-Chamoli Veronica , Idrogo-Vasquez Guillermo , Jeri Armstrong Barnard Fernández , Muñoz-Astecker Lucas Dalvil , Fernadez Robert Javier Cruzalegui , Quintana Segundo Grimaldo Chavez 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Among the particularities of a food are beneficial properties such as polyphenols, antioxidant activity and anthocyanins. In fact, recent research has shown that the biological activity of these compounds reduces cellular ageing, thus helping to prevent and enhance the therapeutic effects. In order to develop an aloe vera and Jamaican sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) beverage, nine treatments were compared with three concentrations of aloe vera (2, 5, 7%) and three concentrations of Jamaican sorrel (0.5, 0.7, 0.9%). Therefore, we determined the total phenolic content by applying the Folin Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical capture (DPPH) and total anthocyanins by differential pH. The best beverage formulation: 5% aloe vera and 0.9% Jamaica, had a total phenol content of 714.86 mgAGE / 100ml, antioxidant activity 1858.56 mg Trolox/100ml, total anthocyanins 5587.99 mg C-3GE / 100ml, °Brix 7.5, pH 3.8 and acidity 0.38%; it was evident that the formulations made of this beverage contain high potential amounts of natural active compounds, which may be used and beneficial for human health due to their antioxidant and nutritional properties.
The Distinctly Altered Functional Connectivity Density In Alcohol Use Disorder With- And Without- Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Duan Ranran , Li Yanfei , Jing Lijun , Gong Zhe , Yao Yaobing , Shao Yingzhe , Song Yajun , Wang Weijian , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang , Zhu Xiaofeng , Peng Ying , Jia Yanjie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) is one of the most common substance use disorders, contributing to both behavioral and cognitive impairments in AUD patients. Recent neuroimaging studies point that AUD is a typical disorder featured by altered functional connectivity. However, the details about how largescale functional coordination remains unknown.Methods: Here, we adopted a newly proposed method named functional connectivity density (FCD) to depict altered largescale functional coordination in AUD. We applied resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) towards subjects to obtain their FCD, including global FCD (gFCD), local FCD (lFCD) and long-range FCD (lrFCD). 61 AUD patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) were recruited, and the AUD patients were further divided into alcohol-related cognitive impairment group (ARCI, n=11) and non-cognitive impairment group (AUD-NCI, n=50). All subjects were asked to stay stationary during the scan in order to calculate the resting-state gFCD, lFCD and lrFCD values, and further to investigate the abnormal connectivity alterations among AUD-NCI, ARCI and HC.Results: Compared to HC, both AUD groups exhibited significantly altered gFCD in left inferior occipital lobe, left calcarine, altered lFCD in right lingual and altered lrFCD in VMPFC. It is notable that gFCD of ARCI group was found to be significantly deviated from AUD-NCI and HC in left medial frontal gyrus, which change probably contributed by the impairment in cognition. In addition, no significant differences in gFCD were found between ARCI and HC in left parahippocampal, while ARCI and HC were profoundly deviated from AUD-NCI, possibly reflecting a compensation of cognition impairment. Further analysis showed that within AUD patients, gFCD values in left medial frontal gyrus is negatively correlated with MMSE scores, while lFCD values in left inferior occipital lobe positively related with ADS scores. Conclusions: In conclusion, AUD patients exhibited significantly altered functional connectivity patterns mainly in several left hemisphere brain regions, while AUD patients with or without cognitive impairment also demonstrated an intergroup FCD differences which correlated with symptom severity, with AUD cognitive impairment patients would suffer less severe alcohol dependence. This difference in symptom severity probably served as a compensation for cognitive impairment, suggesting a difference in pathological pathways. These findings assisted future AUD studies by providing insight for possible pathological mechanisms.
Exosomes From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-derived Keratinocytes Accelerate Burn Wound Healing Through miR-762 Mediated Promotion of Keratinocytes and Endothelial Cells Migration
Authors: Bo Yunyao , Yang Lijun , Liu Baiting , Tian Guiping , Li Chenxi , Zhang Lin , Yan Yuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The use of keratinocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-KCs) may represent a novel cell therapy strategy for burn treatment. There is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are primary mediators of the benefits of stem cell therapy. Herein, we thus explored the effects of exosomes produced by iPSCs-derived keratinocytes (iPSCs-KCs-Exos) in a model of deep second-degree burn wound healing and evaluated the mechanistic basis for the observed activity. Methods: iPSCs-KCs-Exos were isolated from conditioned medium of iPSCs-KCs and verified by electron micrograph and size distribution. Next, iPSCs-KCs-Exos were injected subcutaneously around wound sites, and its efficacy was evaluated by measuring wound closure areas, histological examination and immunohistochemistry staining. The effects of iPSCs-KCs-Exos on proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and endothelial cells in vitro were assessed by EdU staining, wound healing assays and transwell assay. Then, high-throughput microRNA sequencing was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. We assessed the roles of miR-762 in iPSCs-KCs-Exos-induced regulation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells migration. Furthermore, the target gene which mediated the biological effects of miR-762 in keratinocytes and endothelial cells was also been detected. Results: The analysis revealed that iPSCs-KCs-Exos application to the burn wound drove the acceleration of wound closure, with more robust angiogenesis and re-epithelialization being evident. Such iPSCs-KCs-Exos treatment effectively enhanced endothelial cell and keratinocyte migration in vitro. Moreover, the enrichment of miR-762 was detected in iPSCs-KCs-Exos and was found to target promyelocytic leukemia (PML) as a means of regulating cell migration through a mechanism tie to integrin beta1 (ITGB1). Conclusion: These results thus provide a foundation for the further study of iPSCs-KCs-Exos as novel cell-free treatments for deep second-degree burns.
Characteristics of Retinal Image Associated with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Wu Jiaman , Tan Liya , Ning Yan , Yuan Weiqu , Lee Zuowei , Ma Fei , Wang Erfeng , Zhuo Yuanyuan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose To establish a prediction model for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) identification.Methods A total of 78 women with spontaneous POI and 48 healthy women were recruited from the Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital in the study. Retinal characteristics were analyzed using an automated retinal image analysis system. Binary logistic regression was used to identify POI cases and develop predictive models. Results Compared to the normal group, the POI group had larger central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) (P=0.006), central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) (P=0.001), index of venules asymmetry (Vasym) (P=0.000); larger bifurcation angles of arterioles (Aangle) (P=0.001), bifurcation coefficient of venule (BCV) (P=0.001) and more obvious arteriovenous nipping (Nipping) (P=0.005), but lower arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) (P=0.012). In the POI group, the odds ratio (OR) of Vasym was 6.72e-32 (95% C.I. 4.62e-49–9.79e-15, P=0.000), the OR of BCV was 5.66e-20 (95% C.I. 1.93e-34–.0000, P=5.66e-20) and the OR of Nipping was 6.65e-06 (95% C.I. 6.33e-10–.0698, P=0.012). Moreover, the area under the ROC curve for the binary logistic regression with retinal characteristics was 0.8582, and the fitting degree of regression models was 60.48% (Prob> chi-square = 0.6048).Conclusion This study demonstrated that retinal image analysis can provide useful information for POI identification and certain characteristics may help with early clinical diagnosis of POI.
CLSTN3B enhances lipid droplet function via endoplasmic reticulum contacts
Authors: Zeng Xing , Zhang Chuanhai , Vale Goncalo , Eckert Kaitlyn , McDonald Jeffrey , Lin Mei-Jung , Ye Mengchen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Inter-organellar contact sites facilitate material exchanges between membrane-bound intracellular compartments and sustain the structural and functional integrity of organelles1-3. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-lipid droplet (LD) contact sites contribute to LD biogenesis and lipid transfer between the ER and LDs4-11. LDs in adipocytes are significantly larger than in non-adipocytes and crucial for energy storage and mobilization in response to body needs12-14. How adipocytes employ cell type-specific mechanisms to suppress unregulated lipolysis while remaining responsive to catecholamine-induced lipolysis is incompletely understood. Here we show that the mammalian adipocyte-specific protein Calsyntenin 3β (CLSTN3B) works at the ER/LD interface to enhance LD functionality. We found that CLSTN3B harbors an N-terminal LD-targeting and a C-terminal ER transmembrane domain linked by an arginine-rich segment, promoting a tight association between the ER and LDs. CLSTN3B-deficient LDs have reduced surface phospholipids density and decreased binding of LD-targeting proteins, hence more prone to leakage of free fatty acids (FFA) and less responsive to catecholamine-induced lipolysis than wild-type (WT) LDs. Furthermore, clstn3b knockout (clstn3b-/-) mice are more susceptible to high fat diet-induced metabolic complications than adiposity-matched WT mice, consistent with impaired LD functionality and compromised lipid-storing capacity of adipocytes. Our results demonstrate how CLSTN3B-mediated inter-organellar communication shapes LD functionality and translates into physiological significance at the animal level15