bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COPD or Asthma on the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xue Zhengbiao , Guo Siyu , Liu Xiao , Ma Jianyong , Zhu Wengen , Zhou Yue , Liu Fuwei , Luo Jun 
Published: April 2022

Background:Respiratory diseases related to chronic pulmonary ventilation dysfunction are mainly composed of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Our meta-analysis aimed to illustrate the association of COPD or asthma with risk of atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsWe systematically searched the databases of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library until December 2021 for studies focusing on the relationship between COPD or asthma and AF risk. Due to the potential heterogeneity across studies, the random-effects model was used to pool the studies.ResultsOur meta-analysis included 14 studies. Based on the random-effects model, the pooled analysis showed that COPD (risk ratio[RR] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70–1.79) and asthma (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.12) were significantly associated with an increased risk of AF. The results did not change after each study was excluded.ConclusionOur current data suggested that COPD or asthma with associated with an increased risk of AF.
In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in United States Emergency Departments, 2010–2018
Authors: Sung Chih-Wei , Lu Tsung-Chien , Wang Chih-Hung , Chou Eric H. , Ko Chia-Hsin , Huang Chien-Hua , Chen Wen-Jone , Tsai Chu-Lin 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundLittle is known about the in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the US emergency department (ED). This study aimed to describe the incidence and mortality of ED-based IHCA visits and to investigate the factors associated with higher incidence and poor outcomes of IHCA.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) between 2010 and 2018. Adult ED visits with IHCA were identified using the cardiopulmonary resuscitation code, excluding those with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression accounting for NHAMCS’s complex survey design. The primary outcome measures were ED-based IHCA incidence rates and ED-based IHCA mortality.ResultsOver the 9-year study period, there were approximately 1,114,000 ED visits with IHCA. The proportion of IHCA visits in the entire ED population (incidence rate, 1.2 per 1,000 ED visits) appeared stable. The mean age of patients who visited the ED with IHCA was 60 years, and 65% were men. Older age, male, arrival by ambulance, and being uninsured independently predicted a higher incidence of ED-based IHCA. Approximately 51% of IHCA died in the ED, and the trend remained stable. Arrival by ambulance, nighttime, or weekend arrival, and being in the non-Northeast were independently associated with a higher mortality rate after IHCA.ConclusionThe high burden of ED visits with IHCA persisted through 2010–2018. Additionally, ED-based IHCA survival to hospital admission remained poor. Some patients were disproportionately affected, and certain contextual factors were associated with a poorer outcome.
Palaeoglaciation in the Low Latitude, Low Elevation Tropical Andes, Northern Peru
Authors: Lee Ethan , Ross Neil , Henderson Andrew C. G. , Russell Andrew J. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Fabel Derek 
Published: April 2022

Characterising glaciological change within the tropical Andes is important because tropical glaciers are sensitive to climate change. Our understanding of glacier dynamics and how tropical glaciers respond to global climate perturbations is poorly constrained. Studies of past glaciation in the tropical Andes have focused on locations where glaciers are still present or recently vacated cirques at high elevations. Few studies focused on lower elevation localities because it was assumed glaciers did not exist or were not as extensive. We present the first geomorphological evidence for past glaciations of the Lagunas de Las Huaringas, northern Peru, at elevations of 3,900–2,600 m a.s.l. Mapping was conducted using remotely-sensed optical imagery and a newly created high-resolution (∼2.5 m) digital elevation model (DEM). The area has abundant evidence for glaciation, including moraines, glacial cirques, hummocky terrain, glacial lineations and ice-sculpted bedrock. Two potential models for glaciation are hypothesised: 1) plateau-fed ice cap, or 2) valley glaciation. Assuming glaciers reached their maximum extent during the Local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM), between 23.5 ± 0.5 and 21.2 ± 0.8 ka, the maximum reconstructed glacial area was 75.6 km2. A mean equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of 3,422 ± 30 m was calculated, indicating an ELA change of −1,178 ± 10 m compared to modern snowline elevation. There is an east to west ELA elevation gradient, lower in the east and higher in the west, in-line with modern day transfer of moisture. Applying lapse rates between 5.5 and 7.5°C/km provides a LLGM temperature cooling of between 6.5–8.8°C compared to present. These values are comparable to upper estimates from other studies within the northern tropical Andes and from ice-core reconstructions. The mapping of glacial geomorphology within the Lagunas de las Huaringas, evidences, for the first time, extensive glaciation in a low elevation region of northern Peru, with implications for our understanding of past climate in the sub-tropics. Observations and reconstructions support a valley, rather than ice cap glaciation. Further work is required to constrain the timing of glaciations, with evidence of moraines younger than the LLGM up-valley of maximum glacier extents. Numerical modelling will also enable an understanding of the controls of glaciation within the region.
A Novel Tracer Technique to Quantify the Lithogenic Input Flux of Trace Elements to Qinghai Lake
Authors: Zhang Pu , Pei Xuezheng , Cao Chenyang , Chen Chi , Gong Ziqin , Li Xuerou , Pang Jingya , Liang Lihua , Li Xiangzhong , Ning Youfeng , Edwards R.Lawrence 
Published: April 2022

Thorium (Th) isotopes were applied to quantify the contributions of lithogenic inputs to the Qinghai Lake (QHH). Concentrations of dissolved 232Th and 230Th were measured in 59 water samples collected from Qinghai Lake and its exogenous recharge rivers. There are significant differences in the concentration of 232Th of the sampled water in QHH that confirm the input of variable lithogenic material sources. The 230Th concentrations were used to calculate a scavenging residence time for Th, which was then applied to calculate the flux of dissolved 232Th by matching the measured concentrations of dissolved 232Th. Then the 232Th content of lithogenic material was used with the solubility of Th from the preliminary particle data from the Qinghai–Qaidam district. When using a Th solubility from particles of 1%, the fluxes of lithogenic material range from 0.03 to 25.25 g/m2/yr in the surface water, consistent with the flux results of settled particles from the previous study. When a large number of exogenous recharge rivers are mixed into the northwest basin of Qinghai Lake, the 232Th content and lithogenic flux of the lake water are mainly influenced by the type and content of the particles in the Buha and Shaliu rivers. Conversely, in south basin with limited recharging rivers, the 232Th content of the lake water away from the estuary is mainly influenced by atmospheric dust. Furthermore, based on the 230Th normalization method (combining with 232Th and τTh), the Buha and Shaliu rivers located in the northwest basin contribute about 90% of the detrital flux to the lake. The lithogenic flux in the southeast lake is dominated by dust flux with a value of ∼0.109 g/m2/yr, while the higher lithogenic flux at the bottom of the lake was likely generated by accumulated sinking particulate matter and resuspension of bottom sediments in September. This study confirms the utility of long-lived Th isotopes to quantify lithogenic inputs based on the Th content of the dissolved lake water and also supply deposition resolution information for QHH sediment records with some certainty.
Factors From Middle Childhood That Predict Academic Attainment at 15–17 Years in the UK: A Systematic Review
Authors: Williams Margiad E. , Clarkson Susan , Hastings Richard P. , Watkins Richard C. , McTague Phil , Hughes J. Carl 
Published: April 2022

Success in adult life is associated with end of school academic attainment, but educational inequality is a major issue in the UK. Contextual background factors and personal attributes associated with student academic attainment have been identified in cross-sectional research. However, there has not been a systematic synthesis of these factors from longitudinal studies particularly with a focus on factors from middle childhood. The aim of this systematic review was to identify factors from middle childhood (6–12 years) that are associated with academic attainment at 15–17 years. Ninety UK studies met the inclusion criteria. Factors identified related to the student, socioeconomic, academic attainment, and the school. The quality of studies was generally rated as poor, and evidence for most factors was sparse, suggesting caution in interpretation. The middle childhood factors with the strongest evidence of association with later attainment were: prior attainment at the student level, student mental health, and gender. Generally, the results supported UK Government guidance on narrowing the education inequality gap although there was a lack of high-quality studies. The findings could be potentially useful for policymakers and schools in making decisions on effective interventions, policy choices, and funding allocations, particularly in the context of a socioecological framework. However, further research is needed in this area.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=136747, identifer: 136747.
Acoustic-Electrical Joint Localization Method of Partial Discharge in Power Transformer Considering Multi-Path Propagation Impact
Authors: Jia Jun , Fu Hui , Wang Bo , Li Yong , Yu Yue , Cao Yuan , Jiang Di 
Published: April 2022

Efficient and accurate localization of partial discharge (PD) is of paramount importance to ensure the safe operation of power transformers. However, the multi-path propagation effect introduced by the reflection, refraction and diffraction of the ultrasonic signal may add significant computational complexity to the localization process and degrade the localization accuracy. This paper proposes an acoustic- electrical joint method for partial discharge location in the power transformer with the full consideration of the multi-path propagation impact. Unlike the conventional error analysis methods, a partial discharge localization model is proposed for characterizing the multipath propagation impact without the prior knowledge of the transcendental error probability. Based on the matrix inequality transformation and relaxation, the high-dimensional nonlinear localization equations are transformed into a set of second-order convex optimization equations that can be solved using the convex second-order cone program (SOCP). The proposed solution can significantly reduce the computational complexity and improve the localization accuracy as well as avoid the local optimum and slow convergence. The solution is assessed through extensive experiments based on simulations, testbed and trial deployment in comparison with the existing solutions with the localization error of about 0.1 m.
Distribution Characteristics and Formula Revision of Lightning Current Amplitude and Cumulative Probability in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xia Li , Nannan Song , Yanfeng Fan , Yinping Liu , Qing Liu , Xiaolin Guan , Pei Miao 
Published: April 2022

The cumulative probability distribution of the lightning current amplitude can reflect the lightning activity and is important for the lightning protection engineering technology. Based on the lightning location data from 2009 to 2019, the distribution characteristics of the lightning current amplitude and cumulative probability are studied. The results show that a total of 8,634,858 lightning flashes occurred in Zhejiang province in last 11 years. Negative flashes are much more common than positive ones, accounting for 87.44% of the total. The percentage of the lightning current amplitude between 2 and 100 kA is 94.3%. The average amplitude of positive flashes is significantly higher than that of negative flashes. For the current amplitude of positive flashes, the peak occurs in March and gradually decreases with the increase of the month, reaching its lowest in December. But the monthly distribution of negative flashes is relatively concentrated, especially from February to October. When lightning current amplitude is higher than 25.5 kA, the cumulative probability of positive flashes is significantly higher than that of negative flashes and vice versa. The cumulative probability distribution of negative flashes is closer to that of total flashes and is significantly different from that of positive flashes. In order to get a more suitable cumulative probability formula of lightning current amplitude and corresponding parameters in Zhejiang province, the Levenberg–Marquardt method is used. By fitting the measured data with the formulas recommended by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and Electric Power Industry Standard of China (Code for design of overvoltage protection and insulation coordination for AC electrical installations GB/T 50064-2014), respectively, the correlation coefficients of different polarities are obtained. By comparing the aforementioned two fitting results, it is found that the formula recommended by the IEEE can more objectively reflect the probability distribution characteristics in Zhejiang province, and the accuracy of the derived formula is verified by using the lightning current data in 2020. It shows that the curve based on the measured values is consistent with that fitted by the IEEE formula but quite different from that fitted by the GB/T 50064-2014 formula.
Genetic Variation in the ZNF208 Gene at rs8103163 and rs7248488 Is Associated With Laryngeal Cancer in the Northwestern Chinese Han Male
Authors: Wang Shiyang , Wen Xiulin , Zhao Ruimin , Bai Yanxia 
Published: April 2022

Background: Laryngeal cancer is more common in middle-aged and older men. We conducted an association analysis between ZNF208 polymorphisms and laryngeal cancer (LC) risk in the Northwestern Chinese Han male.Methods: A total of 352 subjects (172 LC patients and 180 controls) were involved in this study. Agena MassARRAY was used to determine the genotypes. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relevance.Results: Two SNPs were associated with the risk of LC: rs8103163, OR = 1.41, p = 0.043; rs7248488, OR = 1.45, p = 0.025. Furthermore, rs8103163 was associated with an increased risk of LC under a log-additive model (OR = 1.40, p = 0.042), and rs7248488 was related to a higher risk of LC under a recessive model (OR = 2.33, p = 0.025) and a log-additive model (OR = 1.44, p = 0.026).Conclusions: We first demonstrated that the rs8103163 A allele and the rs7248488 A allele in ZNF208 create susceptibility to laryngeal cancer in the Northwestern Chinese Han male.
Genetic Evaluations of Stillbirth for Five United States Dairy Breeds: A Data-Resource Feasibility Study
Authors: Sigdel Anil , Wu Xiao-Lin , Parker Gaddis Kristen L. , Norman H. Duane , Carrillo José A. , Burchard Javier , Peñagaricano Francisco , Dürr João 
Published: April 2022

Genetic selection has been an effective strategy to improve calving traits including stillbirth in dairy cattle. The primary objectives of the present study were to characterize stillbirth data and determine the feasibility of implementing routine genetic evaluations of stillbirth in five non-Holstein dairy breeds, namely Ayrshire, Guernsey, Milking Shorthorn, Brown Swiss, and Jersey. An updated sire-maternal grandsire threshold model was used to estimate genetic parameters and genetic values for stillbirth. Stillbirth data with the birth years of dams from 1995 to 2018 were extracted from the United States national calving ease database maintained by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding. The extracted stillbirth records varied drastically among the five dairy breeds. There were approximately 486K stillbirth records for Jersey and more than 80K stillbirth records for Brown Swiss. The direct and maternal heritability estimates of stillbirth were 6.0% (4.5–7.6%) and 4.7% (3.3–6.1%) in Jersey and 6.8% (3.2–10.5%) and 1.1% (0.6–2.9%) in Brown Swiss. The estimated genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects for stillbirth were −0.15 (−0.38 to −0.08) in Jersey and −0.35 (−0.47 to −0.12) in Brown Swiss. The estimated genetic parameters for stillbirth in these two breeds were within close ranges of previous studies. The reliabilities of predicted transmitting abilities in Jersey and Brown Swiss increased substantially, thanks to the substantial increase in available stillbirth data in the past 10 years. The stillbirth records for Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Milking Shorthorn, which ranged approximately between 3K and 12K, are insufficient to implement reliable routine genetic evaluations of stillbirth in these three dairy breeds. Estimated genetic (co)variances and genetic values deviated considerably from the reported ranges of previous studies, and the reliabilities of predicted transmitting abilities were low in these three breeds. In conclusion, routine genetic evaluations of stillbirth are feasible in Brown Swiss and Jersey. However, reliable genetic evaluations of stillbirth in Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Milking Shorthorn require further data collection on stillbirth.
Association of DNA Methylation Patterns in 7 Novel Genes With Ischemic Stroke in the Northern Chinese Population
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Xu Jia , Hu Bifeng , Liu Yue , Zhai Yun , Sun Yanyan , Sun Hongwei , Li Fang , Wang Jiamin , Feng Anqi , Tang Ying , Zhao Jingbo 
Published: April 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke is a highly complex disorder. This study aims to identify novel methylation changes in ischemic stroke.Methods: We carried out an epigenome-wide study of ischemic stroke using an Infinium HumanMethylation 850K array (cases:controls = 4:4). 10 CpG sites in 8 candidate genes from gene ontology analytics top-ranked pathway were selected to validate 850K BeadChip results (cases:controls = 20:20). We further qualified the methylation level of promoter regions in 8 candidate genes (cases:controls = 188:188). Besides, we performed subgroup analysis, dose-response relationship and diagnostic prediction polygenic model of candidate genes.Results: In the discovery stage, we found 462 functional DNA methylation positions to be associated with ischemic stroke. Gene ontology analysis highlighted the “calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules” item, including 8 candidate genes (CDH2/PCDHB10/PCDHB11/PCDHB14/PCDHB16/PCDHB3/PCDHB6/PCDHB9). In the replication stage, we identified 5 differentially methylated loci in 20 paired samples and 7 differentially methylated genes (CDH2/PCDHB10/PCDHB11/PCDHB14/PCDHB16/PCDHB3/PCDHB9) in 188 paired samples. Subgroup analysis showed that the methylation level of above 7 genes remained significantly different in the male subgroup, large-artery atherosclerosis subgroup and right hemisphere subgroup. The methylation level of each gene was grouped into quartiles, and Q4 groups of the 7 genes were associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke than Q1 groups (p &lt; 0.05). Besides, the polygenic model showed high diagnostic specificity (0.8723), sensitivity (0.883), and accuracy (0.8777).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation plays a crucial part in ischemic stroke. The methylation of these 7 genes may be potential diagnostic biomarker for ischemic stroke.
Neural Networks for Classification and Image Generation of Aging in Genetic Syndromes
Authors: Duong Dat , Hu Ping , Tekendo-Ngongang Cedrik , Hanchard Suzanna E. Ledgister , Liu Simon , Solomon Benjamin D. , Waikel Rebekah L. 
Published: April 2022

Background: In medical genetics, one application of neural networks is the diagnosis of genetic diseases based on images of patient faces. While these applications have been validated in the literature with primarily pediatric subjects, it is not known whether these applications can accurately diagnose patients across a lifespan. We aimed to extend previous works to determine whether age plays a factor in facial diagnosis as well as to explore other factors that may contribute to the overall diagnostic accuracy.Methods: To investigate this, we chose two relatively common conditions, Williams syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We built a neural network classifier trained on images of affected and unaffected individuals of different ages and compared classifier accuracy to clinical geneticists. We analyzed the results of saliency maps and the use of generative adversarial networks to boost accuracy.Results: Our classifier outperformed clinical geneticists at recognizing face images of these two conditions within each of the age groups (the performance varied between the age groups): 1) under 2 years old, 2) 2–9 years old, 3) 10–19 years old, 4) 20–34 years old, and 5) ≥35 years old. The overall accuracy improvement by our classifier over the clinical geneticists was 15.5 and 22.7% for Williams syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, respectively. Additionally, comparison of saliency maps revealed that key facial features learned by the neural network differed with respect to age. Finally, joint training real images with multiple different types of fake images created by a generative adversarial network showed up to 3.25% accuracy gain in classification accuracy.Conclusion: The ability of clinical geneticists to diagnose these conditions is influenced by the age of the patient. Deep learning technologies such as our classifier can more accurately identify patients across the lifespan based on facial features. Saliency maps of computer vision reveal that the syndromic facial feature attributes change with the age of the patient. Modest improvements in the classifier accuracy were observed when joint training was carried out with both real and fake images. Our findings highlight the need for a greater focus on age as a confounder in facial diagnosis.