bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological engineering for rice pest suppression in China. A review
Authors: Zhu Pingyang , Zheng Xusong , Johnson Anne C. , Chen Guihua , Xu Hongxing , Zhang Facheng , Yao Xiaoming , Heong Kongluen , Lu Zhongxian , Gurr Geoff M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEcological engineering for pest suppression aimed at promoting ecosystem services of biological control, involves a range of environmentally-benign approaches to conserve and promote arthropod natural enemies and suppress pest populations, and thus reduce the need for insecticide use. Major components in rice pest management involve providing vegetation that favors parasitoid overwintering during the fallow seasons, growing nectar-producing flowering plants on the rice bunds to enhance the biocontrol function, and planting trap plants around rice fields to minimize the initial populations of pests. Complementary tactics involve using sex pheromone traps and mass-releasing Trichogramma spp. parasitoids to reduce the densities of Lepidoptera pests, and synergistically culturing ducks or fish to reduce other planthoppers. After a decade of laboratory and field research accompanied by on-farm demonstrations, ecological engineering for rice pest management has shown growth in both the underlying body of theory and practical adoption, especially in China. Ecological engineering approaches have been listed as a China National Recommendation by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China (MARA) since 2014. We feel this is worth documenting, especially because only a portion of that work has been reported in English-language journals so would otherwise remain “invisible” to the international scientific community. This study is the first time to systematically review the research that has allowed this rapid development and uptake in China, highlighting priorities for future research that will enhance the prospects for ecological engineering in this and other agricultural systems internationally.
Practical Implications of Research on Intimate Partner Violence Experiences for the Mental Health Clinician
Authors: Doyle Kathryn W. , Knetig Jennifer A. , Iverson Katherine M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose of reviewIndividuals experiencing mental health difficulties are at heightened risk for experiencing past and recent intimate partner violence (IPV), including sexual, psychological, and physical violence and/or stalking, from an intimate partner. Yet, mental health clinicians often report limited knowledge about IPV, especially best clinical practices for identifying and addressing IPV experiences in routine mental health care.Recent findingsThis paper reviews literature on IPV experiences, including prevalence, linkages with mental health problems, considerations for vulnerable populations, and evidence-based practices for screening, assessment, and intervention for IPV in the context of mental health care. These practices are rooted in trauma-informed and person-centered care principles and emphasize safety and empowerment.SummaryWe conclude by commenting on common clinician challenges and considerations for case conceptualization for individuals experiencing IPV.
Bots influence opinion dynamics without direct human-bot interaction: the mediating role of recommender systems
Authors: Pescetelli N. , Barkoczi D. , Cebrian M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBots’ ability to influence public discourse is difficult to estimate. Recent studies found that hyperpartisan bots are unlikely to influence public opinion because bots often interact with already highly polarized users. However, previous studies focused on direct human-bot interactions (e.g., retweets, at-mentions, and likes). The present study suggests that political bots, zealots, and trolls may indirectly affect people’s views via a platform’s content recommendation system's mediating role, thus influencing opinions without direct human-bot interaction. Using an agent-based opinion dynamics simulation, we isolated the effect of a single bot—representing 1% of nodes in a network—on the opinion of rational Bayesian agents when a simple recommendation system mediates the agents’ content consumption. We compare this experimental condition with an identical baseline condition where such a bot is absent. Across conditions, we use the same random seed and a psychologically realistic Bayesian opinion update rule so that conditions remain identical except for the bot presence. Results show that, even with limited direct interactions, the mere presence of the bot is sufficient to shift the average population’s opinion. Virtually all nodes—not only nodes directly interacting with the bot—shifted towards more extreme opinions. Furthermore, the mere bot’s presence significantly affected the internal representation of the recommender system. Overall, these findings offer a proof of concept that bots and hyperpartisan accounts can influence population opinions not only by directly interacting with humans but also by secondary effects, such as shifting platforms’ recommendation engines’ internal representations. The mediating role of recommender systems creates indirect causal pathways of algorithmic opinion manipulation.
Multi-decadal elevation changes of the land terminating sector of West Greenland
Authors: Saito Jun , Meierbachtol Toby , Harper Joel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegional assessments of ice elevation change provide insight into the processes controlling an ice sheet's geometric response to climate forcing. In Southwest Greenland's land terminating sector (SWLTS), it is presumed that ice surface elevation changes result solely from changing surface mass balance (SMB). Here we test this assumption by developing a multi-decadal (1985–2017) record of elevation change from digital elevation models (DEMs) and comparing it to regional climate model output and available records of ice speed. The SWLTS thinned by >12 m on average over the full 32-year period, but the change was highly variable in time and space. Thinning was amplified in the central region of the SWLTS, relative to the north and south. During 1985–2007, the north and south regions demonstrated net thickening while the central region thinned. Regional differences in elevation change are inconsistent with SMB anomalies, indicating that enhanced ice flow in the north and south contributed to thickening during this early time interval. While clear validation in the south is prevented by incomplete velocity data, historical surface speeds in the north were elevated. These findings support the interpretation that changing ice flow can influence ice surface elevation in the slow-moving SWLTS.
Identifying Ideologues: A Global Dataset on Political Leaders, 1945–2020
Authors: Herre Bastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearchers have long studied how the ideology of political leaders affects policymaking and social welfare. The limited coverage of cross-country ideology datasets, however, has meant that researchers have mainly focused on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This letter therefore presents the Global Leader Ideology dataset, which vastly expands the scope of previous datasets by classifying chief executives as leftist, centrist, rightist or non-ideological in 182 countries annually from 1945 or independence to 2020. The letter describes the dataset's contents and coding, compares it to existing datasets, and illustrates its uses by exploring how the ideologies of political leaders differ around the world and over time. The letter thereby outlines a research agenda on the global causes of chief executives' ideologies and their effects on policies and socio-economic outcomes.
Endoscopic transoral approach to the parapharyngeal space: technical nuances and preliminary results
Authors: Liu J , Liu Q , Sun X-C , Yu H-M , Wang D-H 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveSurgical management is the mainstay of treatment for tumours in the parapharyngeal space. This study aimed to evaluate the indications, limits and technical nuances of the endoscopic transoral approach.MethodThirteen patients with parapharyngeal space tumours that were treated between May 2017 and November 2020 were included in this retrospective study.ResultsAll patients underwent surgery for complete oncological resection except one patient who received treatment for diagnostic purposes. No major complications were reported, with excellent control of the vital structures of the parapharyngeal space.ConclusionThe endoscopic transoral approach to the parapharyngeal space is a promising alternative approach for selected parapharyngeal space tumours with satisfactory outcomes.
Determination of seasonal changes in phytoplankton community of the coastal waters of Burgaz Island (the Sea of Marmara)
Authors: Kayadelen Yorgo , Balkis-Ozdelice Neslihan , Durmus Turgay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to determine the phytoplankton species found on the shores of Burgaz Island and the basic ecological variables that affect their seasonal distribution between May 2013 and February 2014. Water samples were collected from four stations at six different depths and plankton samples were gathered horizontally and vertically. The analysis of phytoplankton community composition revealed 101 phytoplankton taxa belonging to five classes. As a result of the study, two taxa belonging to the Dinophyceae (Corythodinium frenguellii and Gonyaulax scrippsae) were new records for Turkish coastal waters. Additionally, a taxon belonging to Dinophyceae (Pronoctiluca pelagica) and a taxon belonging to Bacillariophyceae (Nitzschia reversa) were new records for the Sea of Marmara. Prorocentrum micans, was the dominant species throughout all sampling periods. During the study, the highest phytoplankton abundance was observed at 0.5 m depth in May 2013 (138,500 cells l−1) and February 2014 (52,620 cells l−1). Primary ecological variables, such as temperature (9.0–21.5 °C), salinity (15.23–37.22‰) and dissolved oxygen (4.89–15.84 mg l−1), were recorded on each sampling occasion. In addition, nitrite + nitrate–N (NO2 + NO3–N) (0.01–7.37 μg-at N l−1), phosphate (PO4–P) (0.05–51.95 μg-at P l−1) and silicate (SiO4–Si) (0.01–0.20 μg-at Si l−1) concentrations were measured. Chlorophyll a and suspended material values ranged between 0.01–3.17 μg l−1 and 10.0–61.5 mg l−1, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine the relationship between phytoplankton species and ecological variables, and Bray–Curtis analysis and Euclidean distance were applied to bring out the similarity between stations.
Development of consensus recommendations for the management of post-operative chylothorax in paediatric CHD
Authors: Lion Richard P. , Winder Melissa M. , Amirnovin Rambod , Fogg Kristi , Bertrandt Rebecca , Bhaskar Priya , Kasmai Cameron , Holmes Kathryn W , Moza Rohin , Vichayavilas Piyagarnt , Gordon Erin E. , Trauth Amiee , Horsley Megan , Frank Deborah U. , Stock Arabela , Adamson Greg , Lyman Alissa , Raymond Tia , Diaz Isaura , DeMarco Alicia , Prodhan Parthak , Fundora Michael , Aljiffry Alaa , Dewitt Aaron G , Kozyak Benjamin W. , Greiten Lawrence , Scahill Carly , Buckley Jason , Bailly David K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:A standardised multi-site approach to manage paediatric post-operative chylothorax does not exist and leads to unnecessary practice variation. The Chylothorax Work Group utilised the Pediatric Critical Care Consortium infrastructure to address this gap.Methods:Over 60 multi-disciplinary providers representing 22 centres convened virtually as a quality initiative to develop an algorithm to manage paediatric post-operative chylothorax. Agreement was objectively quantified for each recommendation in the algorithm by utilising an anonymous survey. “Consensus” was defined as ≥ 80% of responses as “agree” or “strongly agree” to a recommendation. In order to determine if the algorithm recommendations would be correctly interpreted in the clinical environment, we developed ex vivo simulations and surveyed patients who developed the algorithm and patients who did not.Results:The algorithm is intended for all children (<18 years of age) within 30 days of cardiac surgery. It contains rationale for 11 central chylothorax management recommendations; diagnostic criteria and evaluation, trial of fat-modified diet, stratification by volume of daily output, timing of first-line medical therapy for “low” and “high” volume patients, and timing and duration of fat-modified diet. All recommendations achieved “consensus” (agreement >80%) by the workgroup (range 81–100%). Ex vivo simulations demonstrated good understanding by developers (range 94–100%) and non-developers (73%–100%).Conclusions:The quality improvement effort represents the first multi-site algorithm for the management of paediatric post-operative chylothorax. The algorithm includes transparent and objective measures of agreement and understanding. Agreement to the algorithm recommendations was >80%, and overall understanding was 94%.
Nucleic acids and melanin pigments after exposure to high doses of gamma rays: a biosignature robustness test
Authors: Cassaro A. , Pacelli C. , Baqué M. , Maturilli A. , Boettger U. , Moeller R. , Fujimori A. , de Vera J-P.P. , Onofri S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe question about the stability of certain biomolecules is directly connected to the life-detection missions aiming to search for past or present life beyond Earth. The extreme conditions experienced on extraterrestrial planet surface (e.g. Mars), characterized by ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, CO2-atmosphere and reactive species, may destroy the hypothetical traces of life. In this context, the study of the biomolecules behaviour after ionizing radiation exposure could provide support for the onboard instrumentation and data interpretation of the life exploration missions on other planets. Here, as a part of STARLIFE campaign, we investigated the effects of gamma rays on two classes of fungal biomolecules–nucleic acids and melanin pigments – considered as promising biosignatures to search for during the ‘in situ life-detection’ missions beyond Earth.
Co‐Occurrence of Surface O3, PM2.5 Pollution, and Tropical Cyclones in China
Authors: Shao Min , Yang Jianbo , Wang Jinmei , Chen Pulong , Liu Baoshuang , Dai Qili 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtreme weather events are on the rise against the backdrop of climate change. Impact of tropical cyclone (TC) system, one of the extreme weather events, on air pollution remain poorly understood. A total of 103 recorded TCs (tropical storms and stronger) together with the surface air quality data collected from over 2000 observational sites in mainland China in 2014–2020 were utilized to examine the co‐occurrence of TC with continental ozone (O3) and fine particulate matters (PM2.5) pollution. TCs exhibit cleaning effects on PM2.5 within its coverage (typically ∼650 km), but enhance the co‐occurrence of O3 and PM2.5 in an extended region. The co‐occurrence frequencies are greater than 30% for any two co‐occurring events, and ∼8% for TC + PM2.5 + O3. We observed superregional trans‐boundary transportation of air pollutants driven by TC, led to ubiquitous spatial offsets and temporal lags of O3, PM2.5 pollution and TC, which are often inconsistent with traditional mechanisms such as accelerated chemical reactions for O3 formation. O3 pollution tends to occur 1∼2 days after PM2.5 pollution moved west. In contrast, PM2.5 pollution usually occur 4–12 hr following O3 pollution within a day over most regions except the southeast of China. Such spatial and temporal offsets vary with the paths of TCs. Composite analysis shows that temperature, wind field and large pressure systems are the key factors for air pollution formation and transportation over TC periphery. Our results have implications for understanding the interactions between TCs and air pollution, particularly for coastal areas where there are recurring TCs.
How Does Precipitation Variability Control Bedload Response Across a Mountainous Channel Network in a Maritime Climate?
Authors: Keck Jeffrey , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Lundquist Jessica , Bandaragoda Christina , Jaeger Kristin , Mauger Guillaume , Horner‐Devine Alex 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModeled stream discharge is often used to drive sediment transport models across channel networks. Because sediment transport varies non‐linearly with flow rates, discharge modeled from daily total precipitation distributed evenly over 24‐hr may significantly underestimate actual bedload transport capacity. In this study, we assume bedload transport capacity determined from a hydrograph resulting from the use of hourly (1‐hr) precipitation is a close approximation of actual transport capacity and quantify the error introduced into a network‐scale bedload transport model driven by daily precipitation at channel network locations varying from lowland pool‐riffle channels to upland colluvial channels in a watershed where snow accumulation and melt can affect runoff processes. Transport capacity is determined using effective stresses and the Wilcock and Crowe (2003) equations and expressed in terms of transport capacity normalized by the bankfull value. We find that, depending on channel network location, cumulative error can range from 10% to more than two orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, variation in flow rates due to differences in hillslope and channel runoff do not seem to dictate the network locations where the largest errors in predicted bedload transport capacity occur. Rather, spatial variability of the magnitude of the effective‐bankfull‐excess shear stress and changes in runoff due to snow accumulation and melt exert the greatest influence. These findings have implications for flood‐hazard and aquatic habitat models that rely on modeled sediment transport driven by coarse‐temporal‐resolution climate data.
Impacts of Coastal Shrimp Ponds on Saltwater Intrusion and Submarine Groundwater Discharge
Authors: Hou Yuxuan , Yang Jie , Russoniello Christopher J. , Zheng Tianyuan , Wu Mei‐lin , Yu Xuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShrimp aquaculture has expanded rapidly in coastal zones worldwide over the past few decades. Saline water stored in shrimp farm ponds can infiltrate into the underlying aquifer causing groundwater salinization and increased submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal water. However, little research has assessed salinization resulting from these shrimp ponds. To understand the impacts of shrimp farm irrigation on groundwater salinization and SGD, we numerically simulated a series of aquaculture management scenarios in a two‐dimensional conceptual coastal aquifer using a coupled surface‐subsurface approach. We characterized sensitivities to pond water salinity, pond water depth, and farm width. Salinization was assessed by three indicators (salinized area, infiltrated salt mass, and recovery rate), and three SGD indicators were evaluated (fresh SGD, saline SGD, and saltwater circulation rate). Our results show that pond water depth is the primary control on the mass of saltwater infiltration while farm width is the primary control for recovery rate. Pond water salinity and depth affect both fresh and saline SGD. We show that aquaculture is a previously unrecognized mechanism of salinization affecting coastal aquifer vulnerability and SGD. A regional graphical information system analysis shows transformation into aquacultural ponds could introduce considerable SGD variability spatially and temporally. These findings will enable coastal managers to better evaluate groundwater vulnerability in regions with expanding onshore aquaculture and demonstrates the impact of aquaculture on coastal groundwater resources and the need for further study to understand the impact of aquaculture across Asia and the globe.
Consolidated Chemical Provinces on Mars: Implications for Geologic Interpretations
Authors: Rani A. , Basu Sarbadhikari A. , Hood D. R. , Gasnault O. , Nambiar S. , Karunatillake S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChemical provinces were defined on Mars a decade ago using orbital nuclear spectroscopy of K, Th, Fe, Si, Ca, Cl, and H2O. However, past multivariate analyses yielded three sets of provinces, suggesting methodologic variability. Province‐stability to the inclusion of Al and S is also unknown, presenting additional uncertainties for geologic insight. Here we consolidate key multivariate methods to define the first cross‐validated provinces. In southern highlands, the highly incompatible K and Th show non‐uniform distribution with higher values in mid Noachian and Hesperian than late Noachian – early Hesperian volcanic terrains. Silica‐ and Al‐depletion trends from Noachian to Amazonian indicate highly differentiated mantle with variable degree of melting. Late Hesperian lowlands are highly depleted in Al and enriched in K and Th, consistent with volcanic resurfacing from a low‐degree partially melted, garnet‐rich mantle. Furthermore, older volatile‐rich regions such as Medusae Fossae Formation exhibit igneous geochemistry, consistent with water‐limited isochemical weathering throughout Mars's history.
A Raman Spectroscopic and Microimage Analysis Perspective of the Chang'e‐5 Lunar Samples
Authors: Cao Haijun , Wang Chen , Chen Jian , Che Xiaochao , Fu Xiaohui , Shi Yuruo , Liu Dunyi , Ling Zongcheng , Qiao Le , Lu Xuejin , Qi Xiaobin , Yin Chengxiang , Liu Ping , Liu Changqing , Xin Yanqing , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) materials represent the youngest returned lunar samples. We performed a detailed Raman spectroscopic survey (1259‐point Raman modal analysis) to evaluate the mineralogical characteristics of CE‐5 soils, constraining the source materials and shock effects of these unique samples. The mineral chemistry (e.g., Mg#3‐60 for mafic minerals) and modal abundance (first distinguishing basaltic and feldspathic glasses) of CE‐5 mare soils are different from those of Apollo high‐ and low‐Ti basalts, possibly representing an intermediate‐Ti mare basalt. The occurrence of minor Mg‐rich materials (Mg# > 70) provides evidence of contamination from ∼5% to 7% exogenous materials, possibly related to Mg‐suite rocks. The microimage analyses suggest that the CE‐5 soils are fine‐grained, mature, and unimodal particle‐size distribution, highlighting that micrometeorite reworking dominates the CE‐5 regolith evolution with minor mixing from nonmare materials. The pressure‐sensitive minerals (quartz and maskelynite) indicate that 17–25.8 GPa shock pressures might be the higher limit in a relatively young lunar terrain.