bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple CO2 equilibration method for measuring blood oxygen isotope compositions
Authors: Green Daniel R. , Olack Gerard , Tütken Thomas , Leichliter Jennifer , Winkler Daniela E. , Clauss Marcus , Vonhof Hubert , Colman Albert S. 
Published: January 2022

RationaleBlood water oxygen isotope compositions can provide valuable insights into physiological processes and ecological patterns. While blood samples are commonly drawn for medical or scientific purposes, blood fractions are infrequently measured for oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O) because such measurements are time consuming and expensive.MethodsWe sampled blood from sheep, goats, and iguanas raised in field and animal laboratories into serum, EDTA, heparin, and uncoated plastic vials commonly used in medical and scientific research, then separated red blood cell (RBC) and plasma or serum blood fractions. These were injected into helium‐flushed Exetainer tubes where they naturally outgassed endogenous CO2 (goat blood), or into He‐ and CO2‐flushed tubes (iguana blood). The CO2 gas was sampled on a GasBench II system, and δ18O was measured by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS).ResultsRepeated δ18O measurements were stable over multiple days. The addition of desiccated blood solids to water standards had little impact on their δ18O measurements, suggesting that organic molecular constituents within blood serum and plasma do not interfere with blood water δ18O values. We observed slight but statistically significant δ18O offsets between plasma, serum and RBC fractions. Mass‐dependent body water turnover times for iguanas were derived from the data.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that a simple blood‐CO2 equilibration method using the GasBench can quickly, reliably and accurately characterize water δ18O in the plasma, RBC, and whole blood fractions of mammalian and reptilian blood samples (precision ≤ 0.1‰). This method will expand the application of blood stable isotope analysis in physiological and medical research.
Multicomponent incompressible fluids—An asymptotic study
Authors: Bothe Dieter , Dreyer Wolfgang , Druet Pierre‐Etienne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of the Helmholtz free energy of mixtures at small compressibility. We start from a general representation for the local free energy that is valid in stable subregions of the phase diagram. On the basis of this representation we classify the admissible data to construct a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model. We then analyze the incompressible limit, where the molar volume becomes independent of pressure. Here we are confronted with two problems:

Our study shows that the physical system at hand cannot remain incompressible for arbitrary large deviations from a reference pressure unless its volume is linear in the composition.
As a consequence of the 2 law of thermodynamics, the incompressible limit implies that the molar volume becomes independent of temperature as well. Most applications, however, reveal the non‐appropriateness of this property.
According to our mathematical treatment, the free energy as a function of temperature and partial masses tends to a limit in the sense of epi– or Gamma–convergence. In the context of the first problem, we study the mixing of two fluids to compare the linearity with experimental observations. The second problem will be treated by considering the asymptotic behavior of both a general inequality relating thermal expansion and compressibility and a PDE‐system relying on the equations of balance for partial masses, momentum and the internal energy.
E-Scooter‑, E-Bike- und Fahrradverletzungen im gleichen Zeitraum – eine prospektive Vergleichsstudie eines Level-1-Traumazentrums
Authors: Meyer Heinz-Lothar , Kauther Max Daniel , Polan Christina , Abel Benedikt , Vogel Carsten , Mester Bastian , Burggraf Manuel , Dudda Marcel 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die tatsächliche Anzahl verunglückter E‑Scooter-Fahrer in Deutschland scheint deutlich höher zu sein, als es die aktuellen Zahlen des Statistischen Bundesamtes vermuten lassen. Diese epidemiologische Studie untersucht E‑Scooter-Verletzungen und vergleicht diese mit E‑Bike- und Fahrradverletzungen.

Fragestellung
Zur Schaffung einer vergleichbaren Datenlage über die Gefahren von E‑Scootern, E‑Bikes und Fahrrädern wurden die typischen Verletzungsmuster analysiert und daraus Präventionsmöglichkeiten abgeleitet.

Material und Methode
Es wurden alle Patienten, die sich nach Unfällen mit Beteiligung von E‑Scootern, E‑Bikes und Fahrrädern über die universitäre Notaufnahme eines Level-1-Traumazentrums im Zeitraum vom 15. Juni 2019 bis 31. Oktober 2020 vorstellten, prospektiv untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 68 verunglückte E‑Scooter-Fahrer erfasst. Davon waren signifikant mehr männlich als weiblich (p = 0,032). Das mittlere Alter betrug 31,1 (±13) Jahre, und lediglich 11,8 % (n = 8) der Unfälle wurden polizeilich registriert. Im gleichen Zeitraum wurden 34 verunglückte E‑Bike- und 356 Fahrradfahrer erfasst. In allen 3 Gruppen waren die meisten Verletzungen im Kopfbereich, gefolgt von Verletzungen an den oberen Extremitäten. Signifikant mehr E‑Scooter-Fahrer hatten einen ISS ≥ 16 als in der Gruppe der verunglückten Fahrradfahrer (p = 0,016). Verunglückte E‑Scooter-Fahrer hatten eine signifikant längere Krankenhausverweildauer (KHVD) als E‑Bike-Fahrer (p = 0,003) und als Fahrradfahrer (p = 0,001). Einen Helm trugen 52,9 % (n = 18) der E‑Bike- und 53,3 % (n = 113) der Fahrradfahrer, dagegen nur 1,5 % (n = 1) der E‑Scooter-Fahrer. Die häufigste Unfallursache bei E‑Bike- (17,7 %; n = 6) und Fahrradfahrern (10,4 %; n = 37) war das Wegrutschen auf Straßenbahnschienen, bei E‑Scooter-Fahrern die Kollision mit einem Bordstein (7,4 %; n = 5).

Diskussion
Die 3 untersuchten Patientenkollektive zeigten differierende Verletzungsursachen und -profile. Als Ursachen für einen erhöhten Anteil von Schwerverletzten im Vergleich zu Fahrradfahrern sind die Elektromobilität, Fahren unter Alkoholeinfluss und das unzureichende Tragen eines Helms bei E‑Scootern bei Dominanz von Kopfverletzungen zu nennen. Da 73,5 % (n = 50) der erfassten E‑Scooter-Unfälle nicht polizeilich registriert wurden, ist von einer sehr viel höheren Anzahl von E‑Scooter-Unfällen auszugehen als bisher angenommen. Präventive Maßnahmen könnten die Einführung einer Helmpflicht, eine höhere Anzahl von Verkehrskontrollen, Fahrsicherheitstrainings und der Ausbau von Fahrradwegen sein.
Schnittbilddiagnostik im InEK‑Benchmark
Authors: Wienicke V. , Denecke T. , Henkelmann J. , Jacob R. , von Dercks Nikolaus 
Published: January 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Anhand der vom Institut für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (InEK) kalkulierten Fallpauschalen ist ein Vergleich der eigenen Leistungsdaten gegenüber allen nach der DRG („diagnosis-related groups“, diagnosebezogene Gruppen) abrechnenden Kliniken in Deutschland möglich. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, Über- oder Unterschreitungen von CT- oder MRT-Untersuchungen im Vergleich mit den InEK-Daten zu ermitteln und mögliche Verbesserungspotenziale zu erschließen.

Methodik
Die InEK-Kalkulationsdaten für 2021 wurden zur Bildung von Vergleichskennzahlen der CT- und MRT-Diagnostik auf DRG-Ebene herangezogen. Auf Fallebene wurden Daten eines universitären Maximalversorgers auf Gesamthaus‑, Klinik‑, DRG- und Hauptdiagnosen-Ebene gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnis
Auf Gesamthausebene zeigt sich eine Überschreitung der MRTs um 1025 und der CTs um 371 gegenüber InEK. Die Analyse nach Fachabteilungen ergab am Beispiel der Neurologie eine Überschreibung der MRTs gegenüber InEK um 489 sowie eine Unterschreitung der CTs um $$-$$
-
620. Der Benchmark der DRGs zeigte in beiden Untersuchungsmodalitäten insbesondere die DRG B70B als Treiber der Abweichungen (MRT + 42,7; CT − 273). Die identifizierten Abweichungen lassen sich auf Hauptdiagnosen-Ebene weiter herunterbrechen.

Diskussion
Das Bewusstsein über eine überdurchschnittliche Schnittbilddiagnostik kann einen wichtigen Anstoß zur Weiterentwicklung der Behandlungspfade einer Klinik bilden. Die Methodik des InEK-Benchmarks ist für jedes Krankenhaus anwendbar und identifiziert valide bereits erbrachte Leistungen und Prozesse mit einem Verbesserungspotenzial. Die Prüfung beeinflussender Faktoren sowie die Bewertung durch Mediziner und Kaufleute bildet die Voraussetzung für Akzeptanz und Erfolg der daraus generierten Maßnahmen.
Development of a sample preparation procedure for Sr isotope analysis of Portland cements
Authors: Kazlagić Anera , Russo Francesco F. , Vogl Jochen , Sturm Patrick , Stephan Dietmar , Gluth Gregor J. G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio can, in principle, be used for provenancing of cement. However, while commercial cements consist of multiple components, no detailed investigation into their individual 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios or their influence on the integral 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of the resulting cement was conducted previously. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining and comparing the conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of a diverse set of Portland cements and their corresponding Portland clinkers, the major component of these cements. Two approaches to remove the additives from the cements, i.e. to measure the conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotopic fingerprint of the clinker only, were tested, namely, treatment with a potassium hydroxide/sucrose solution and sieving on a 11-µm sieve. Dissolution in concentrated hydrochloric acid/nitric acid and in diluted nitric acid was employed to determine the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of the cements and the individual clinkers. The aim was to find the most appropriate sample preparation procedure for cement provenancing, and the selection was realised by comparing the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of differently treated cements with those of the corresponding clinkers. None of the methods to separate the clinkers from the cements proved to be satisfactory. However, it was found that the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of clinker and cement generally corresponded, meaning that the latter can be used as a proxy for the clinker 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio. Finally, the concentrated hydrochloric acid/nitric acid dissolution method was found to be the most suitable sample preparation method for the cements; it is thus recommended for 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses for cement provenancing.
Graphical abstract
Automatic quantitative computed tomography measurement of longitudinal lung volume loss in interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Si-Mohamed Salim A. , Nasser Mouhamad , Colevray Marion , Nempont Olivier , Lartaud Pierre-Jean , Vlachomitrou Anna , Broussaud Thomas , Ahmad Kais , Traclet Julie , Cottin Vincent , Boussel Loic 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives

To compare the lung CT volume (CTvol) and pulmonary function tests in an interstitial lung disease (ILD) population. Then to evaluate the CTvol loss between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF and explore a prognostic value of annual CTvol loss in IPF.

Methods
We conducted in an expert center a retrospective study between 2005 and 2018 on consecutive patients with ILD. CTvol was measured automatically using commercial software based on a deep learning algorithm. In the first group, Spearman correlation coefficients (r) between forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC), and CTvol were calculated. In a second group, annual CTvol loss was calculated using linear regression analysis and compared with the Mann–Whitney test. In a last group of IPF patients, annual CTvol loss was calculated between baseline and 1-year CTs for investigating with the Youden index a prognostic value of major adverse event at 3 years. Univariate and log-rank tests were calculated.

Results
In total, 560 patients (4610 CTs) were analyzed. For 1171 CTs, CTvol was correlated with FVC (r: 0.86) and TLC (r: 0.84) (p < 0.0001). In 408 patients (3332 CT), median annual CTvol loss was 155.7 mL in IPF versus 50.7 mL in non-IPF (p < 0.0001) over 5.03 years. In 73 IPF patients, a relative annual CTvol loss of 7.9% was associated with major adverse events (log-rank, p < 0.0001) in univariate analysis (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Automated lung CT volume may be an alternative or a complementary biomarker to pulmonary function tests for the assessment of lung volume loss in ILD.

Key Points
• There is a good correlation between lung CT volume and forced vital capacity, as well as for with total lung capacity measurements (r of 0.86 and 0.84 respectively, p < 0.0001).
• Median annual CT volume loss is significantly higher in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than in patients with other fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (155.7 versus 50.7 mL, p < 0.0001).
• In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a relative annual CT volume loss higher than 9.4% is associated with a significantly reduced mean survival time at 2.0 years versus 2.8 years (log-rank, p < 0.0001).
Dietary protein intake and health-related outcomes: a methodological protocol for the evidence evaluation and the outline of an evidence to decision framework underlying the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society
Authors: Kroke Anja , Schmidt Annemarie , Amini Anna M. , Kalotai Nicole , Lehmann Andreas , Haardt Julia , Bauer Jürgen M. , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. , Boeing Heiner , Egert Sarah , Ellinger Sabine , Kühn Tilman , Louis Sandrine , Lorkowski Stefan , Nimptsch Katharina , Remer Thomas , Schulze Matthias B. , Siener Roswitha , Stangl Gabriele I. , Volkert Dorothee , Zittermann Armin , Buyken Anette E. , Watzl Bernhard , Schwingshackl Lukas ,   the German Nutrition Society
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The present work aimed to delineate (i) a revised protocol according to recent methodological developments in evidence generation, to (ii) describe its interpretation, the assessment of the overall certainty of evidence and to (iii) outline an Evidence to Decision framework for deriving an evidence-based guideline on quantitative and qualitative aspects of dietary protein intake.

Methods
A methodological protocol to systematically investigate the association between dietary protein intake and several health outcomes and for deriving dietary protein intake recommendations for the primary prevention of various non-communicable diseases in the general adult population was developed.

Results
The developed methodological protocol relies on umbrella reviews including systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses. Systematic literature searches in three databases will be performed for each health-related outcome. The methodological quality of all selected systematic reviews will be evaluated using a modified version of AMSTAR 2, and the outcome-specific certainty of evidence for systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis will be assessed with NutriGrade. The general outline of the Evidence to Decision framework foresees that recommendations in the derived guideline will be given based on the overall certainty of evidence as well as on additional criteria such as sustainability.

Conclusion
The methodological protocol permits a systematic evaluation of published systematic reviews on dietary protein intake and its association with selected health-related outcomes. An Evidence to Decision framework will be the basis for the overall conclusions and the resulting recommendations for dietary protein intake.
Sexual quality of life assessment in young women with breast cancer during adjuvant endocrine therapy and patient-reported supportive measures
Authors: Bobrie Angelique , Jarlier Marta , Moussion Aurore , Jacot William , D’Hondt Veronique 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sexual quality of life (QoL) is affected during and after breast cancer (BC) treatment. The purpose was to investigate sexual and global QoL and patient-reported measures to address this issue in young women (< 51 years) with BC after the acute treatment phase, during adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Methods
Three EORTC questionnaires and an additional specific questionnaire, developed for the study, were used to assess sexual and global QoL and patient-reported supportive measures in BC patients who had received their endocrine therapy for at least 24 months. Among the 54 eligible patients, 45 (83%) agreed to participate in the study.

Results
We showed a deterioration in sexual QoL and poor communication with healthcare professionals. Most patients (88.9%) declared that it was important that sexuality should be discussed with caregivers and that the partner should also be involved. Most patients (60%) had taken at least one action to overcome their sexual problems. Most of these interventions (63%) originated from the patient herself.

Conclusions
Sexual QoL is a major issue in young BC patients and is poorly addressed by healthcare professionals. Most of the supportive methods used by the patients to overcome these side effects were on their own initiative. Communication and counseling on sexuality by healthcare professionals need to be improved during BC treatment. Patients suggested supportive measures they would find useful and appropriate to develop in the clinic. The final goal is to improve the sexual QoL of BC patients with the appropriate intervention and support.
Green preparation and characterization of silver nanocolloids used as antibacterial material in soap
Authors: Nowak M. , Tolińska A. , Marciniak L. , Skrobańska M. , Tylkowski B. , Frankowski M. , Kaczmarek M. T. , Jastrzab R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the characteristics, including morphology, physicochemical properties, and antibacterial properties, of silver nanocolloids obtained by D-glucose reduction. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized in accordance with the principles of green chemistry using D-glucose as a reductor. The obtained nanostructures were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Stability tests performed after 1 month of storage revealed that the colloids prepared with and without polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer had the same properties. Distribution of the nanoparticles was tested using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry by doping the silver colloids into a natural soap mass. The antibacterial activity of the soap containing silver nanoparticles was tested on dirty hands. The antibacterial activity test demonstrated that the novel green soap materials improved with D-glucose-reduced silver nanoparticles possessed better antibacterial properties than a pure soap, and thus, they could be recommended for quotidian use by dermatological patients.
Formation and availability of methylmercury in mercury-contaminated sediment: effects of activated carbon and biochar amendments
Authors: Sørmo Erlend , Silvani Ludovica , Braaten Hans Fredrik Veiteberg , Bryntesen Tina , Eek Espen , Cornelissen Gerard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
As the formation of toxic and bioaccumulative methylmercury (MeHg) in Hg-contaminated sediments is of great concern worldwide, suitable remediation options are needed. Activated carbon (AC) amendment is a contested alternative due to uncertainties surrounding sorption efficiency and its potential role in aiding MeHg formation. The purpose of this study was therefore to demonstrate AC performance under favourable conditions for Hg-methylation and to further understand the role AC plays in the methylation process.

Materials and methods
Mercury-contaminated sediment (57.1 mg kg−1) was sampled from the Gunneklev fjord, a site known as the most heavily contaminated fjord in Norway. In a laboratory experiment, lignite AC (A-AC, 5%) or activated biochar (A-BC, 5%) along with dried algae biomass, serving as an excess source of easily degradable organic matter (OM) and sulphate, were added to sediment samples that were kept anoxic and dark over a period of 12 months.

Results and discussion
The amount of MeHg in sediment and porewater of the amended samples were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and compared to an unamended control. A net increase of MeHg in the sediment was observed in both control and amended samples, but contrary to expectations, sediment MeHg was 5 and 3 times higher in the A-AC and A-BC treatments, respectively, relative to the control after 12 months. As the stimulation of Hg-methylation could not be attributed to the sorbents supplying more available OM or sulphate for dissimilatory sulphate reduction, it is speculated that the sorbents rather aid this process through shuttling of electrons between the substrates involved. Meanwhile, the A-AC and A-BC amendments strongly reduced the available MeHg-concentration in porewater (by 87% for A-AC and by 93% for A-BC after 12 months), confirming that AC sorbents can be used to effectively limit the transport of MeHg from sediments.

Conclusion
When considering remediation of OM-rich Hg-contaminated sediments with AC, caution is thus warranted, as the overall effect of reducing MeHg-transport out of the sediment could partly be offset by an increased fraction of MeHg in the sediment. Thin-layer capping with AC might therefore be preferable to complete mixing of AC and sediment.
Emerging Opportunities in Manufacturing Bulk Soft-Magnetic Alloys for Energy Applications: A Review
Authors: Kustas Andrew B. , Susan Donald F. , Monson Todd 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoft-magnetic alloys exhibit exceptional functional properties that are beneficial for a variety of electromagnetic applications. These alloys are conventionally manufactured into sheet or bar forms using well-established ingot metallurgy practices that involve hot- and cold-working steps. However, recent developments in process metallurgy have unlocked opportunities to directly produce bulk soft-magnetic alloys with improved, and often tailorable, structure–property relationships that are unachievable conventionally. The emergence of unconventional manufacturing routes for soft-magnetic alloys is largely motivated by the need to improve the energy efficiency of electromagnetic devices. In this review, literature that details emerging manufacturing approaches for soft-magnetic alloys is overviewed. This review covers (1) severe plastic deformation, (2) recent advances in melt spinning, (3) powder-based methods, and (4) additive manufacturing. These methods are discussed in comparison with conventional rolling and bar processing. Perspectives and recommended future research directions are also discussed.