bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Mobile Psychological Testing on Smart Devices: Evaluation of a ResearchKit-Based Design Approach for the Implicit Association Test
Authors: Jungnickel Tobias , von Jan Ute , Albrecht Urs-Vito 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine whether a framework-based approach for mobile apps is appropriate for the implementation of psychological testing, and equivalent to established methods.MethodsApple's ResearchKit was used for implementing native implicit association test methods (IAT), and an exemplary app was developed to examine users' implicit attitudes toward overweight or thin individuals. For comparison, a web-based IAT app, based on code provided by Project Implicit, was used. Adult volunteers were asked to test both versions on an iPad with touch as well as keyboard input (altogether four tests per participant, random order). Latency values were recorded and used to calculate parameters relevant to the implicit setting. Measurements were analyzed with respect to app type and input method, as well as test order (ANOVA and χ2tests).ResultsFifty-one datasets were acquired (female,n= 21; male,n= 30, average age 35 ± 4.66 years). Test order and combination of app type and input method influenced the latency values significantly (bothP&lt;0.001). This was not mirrored for the D scores or average number of errors vs. app type combined with input method (D scores:P= 0.66; number of errors:P= 0.733) or test order (D scores:P= 0.096; number of errors:P= 0.85).Post-hocpower analysis of the linear ANOVA showed 0.8 byf2=0.25, with α = 0.05 and 4 predictors.ConclusionsThe results suggest that a native mobile implementation of the IAT may be comparable to established implementations. The validity of the acquired measurements seems to depend on the properties of the chosen test rather than the specifics of the chosen platform or input method.
Case Report: Primary Aldosteronism Due to Bilateral Aldosterone-Producing Micronodules With HISTALDO Classical and Contralateral Non-Classical Pathology
Authors: Chen Yi-Ju , Peng Kang-Yung , Chueh Jeff S. , Liao Hung-Wei , Hsieh Tsung-Yi , Wu Vin-Cent , Wang Shuo-Meng 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundNon-classical multiple aldosterone-producing micronodules/nodules (mAPM/mAPN) could be the pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism (PA). The co-existence of mAPM with adenomas harboring somatic mutations has not previously been reported.MethodsWe presented a PA patient with bilateral mAPM and concomitant autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS).ResultsA 46-year-old Taiwanese woman presented with hypertension, hypokalemia, and bilateral adrenal adenomas. A 1 mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test showed elevated morning serum cortisol. An adrenal vein sampling (AVS) suggested a left-sided lateralization of hyperaldosteronism. A right partial adrenalectomy and a left total adrenalectomy were performed. The patient showed biochemical and hypertension remission after the operation. This patient had bilateral mAPM with concomitant ACS, a right histopathologically classical PA adenoma, and a left non-classical PA adenoma. The right adrenal adenoma showed CYP11B1-negative and CYP11B2-positive staining and harbored the KCNJ5-L168R mutation. The left adrenal adenoma showed CYP11B1-positive and CYP11B2-negative staining and harbored the PRKACA-L206R mutation.ConclusionIn a PA patient with concomitant ACS, bilateral APM could coexist with both histopathologically classical and non-classical PA adenomas, each with different somatic mutations. The presence of ACS could lead to the misinterpretation of AVS results.
Optimal Follow-Up Duration for Assessment of Birth Defects After In Vitro Fertilization–Embryo Transfer: A Multicenter 5-Year Cohort Study in China
Authors: Liu Chun-Lin , Li Ping , Cai Gui-Feng , Morse Abraham , Liu Jun , Chen Zhi-Heng , Zhang Xiu , Sun Ling 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of a 5-year follow-up on the incidence of identified birth defects in children conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ART).MethodsA 5-year cohort study was performed in three ART centers from January 2013 to October 2018. 1,543 women with 1,985 infants who delivered successfully or underwent termination of pregnancy due to malformations were recruited in this study. Follow-up was conducted by phone interview, 7 days, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after birth. Collected data included whether one or more birth defects were diagnosed, the category of birth defects, and when the malformation was diagnosed. Cumulative incidence of birth defects and the loss to follow-up rate of each follow-up was compared.ResultsAccording to the diagnostic criterion of birth defects, 111 cases of one or more birth defects were recorded, with a total of 117 birth defects after the 5-year follow-up. 0.2% (4/1,985) of birth defects were diagnosed before delivery; 2.7% (54/1,985) at 7 days; 5.0% (100/1,985) after 1 year; 5.5% (109/1,985) after 3 years; and 5.6% (111/1,985) after 5 years. 3.4% (4/117) of defects were diagnosed prenatally, 45.3% (53/117) of defects diagnosed within the first 7 days after delivery, 40.2% (47/117) diagnosed during 7 days to 1 year, and 9.4% (11/117) of defects diagnosed in 1–3 years after birth. The remaining 1.7% (2/117) of defects were diagnosed between the ages of 3 and 5 years. Among the 1,543 patients, 99.9% patients (1,542/1,543) responded to the telephone interview at 7 days after delivery; the response rate was 89.0% (1,373/1,543) at 1 year, 81% (1,250/1,543) at 3 years, and 64.5% (995/1,543) after 5 years.ConclusionWe suggest that in ART, 1-year follow-up should be the minimum requirement and 3-year follow up the optimal length of follow-up that balances resource requirements with ascertainment completeness.
Composition of the Gut Microbiota in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ning , Gao Xuping , Zhang Zifeng , Yang Li 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe latest research accumulates information to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and neurodevelopmental disorders, which may lead to new approaches to treat diseases such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the conclusions of previous studies are not completely consistent. The objective of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify evidence on the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in ADHD and find potential distinctive traits compared to healthy controls.MethodsElectronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO, were searched up to August 24, 2021, using predetermined terms. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the comparison of microbiota profiles (alpha and beta diversity) and the relative abundance of gut microbiota in ADHD patients and healthy controls.ResultsA total of eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, containing 316 ADHD patients and 359 healthy controls. There was a higher Shannon index in ADHD patients than in healthy controls (SMD = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.82; P = 0.02; I2 = 96%), but the significance vanished after sensitivity analysis because of high heterogeneity. No significant differences in other alpha diversity indexes were found. Regarding the relative abundance of gut microbiota, the genus Blautia was significantly elevated in ADHD patients compared with controls (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.63; P = 0.02; I2 = 0%).ConclusionsPatients with ADHD had gut microbiome alterations compared to healthy controls. Though more studies with strict methodology are warranted due to the high heterogeneity, further studies to translate the findings of gut microbiota dysbiosis to clinical application in ADHD patients are needed and may guide targeted therapies.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=273993], identifier PROSPERO (CRD42021273993).
A Case Series of Ketoacidosis After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Yakou Fumiyoshi , Saburi Masuo , Hirose Ai , Akaoka Hiroaki , Hirota Yusuke , Kobayashi Takaaki , Awane Naoko , Asahi Nobuteru , Amagawa Toshihiro , Ozawa Sachihiko , Ohno Atsushi , Matsushita Takaya 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionWe report a case series of severe ketoacidosis after COVID-19 vaccination in a type 1 diabetes patients treated with insulin and an SGLT-2 inhibitor.Case ReportWe present two cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus. One patient was treated with insulin therapy and an SGLT-2 inhibitor, and the other patient was treated with insulin therapy alone. Both patients became ill after coronavirus disease-2019 vaccination, making it difficult to continue their diet or insulin injections. On admission, they developed severe diabetic ketoacidosis. This is the first report of ketoacidosis after coronavirus disease-2019 vaccination.ConclusionThe vaccine should be carefully administered to type 1 diabetes patients receiving intensive insulin therapy and a sodium-glucose transporter due to the high risk ketoacidosis. It is important to instruct patients to drink sufficient fluids and to continue insulin injections when they become sick.
Prediction of the 3D Distribution of NOx in a Furnace via CFD Data Based on ELM
Authors: Lv Manli , Zhao Jianping , Cao Shengxian , Shen Tao 
Published: March 2022

A novel method for the prediction of three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of NOx in a furnace is proposed and evaluated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted to generate the data sets of 3D NOx spatial distribution. The data sets are partitioned based on NOx generation mechanisms to improve the model accuracy. Combining the Pearson coefficient and mutual information (PMI), the model input variables are optimized by feature selection. The prediction model of 3D NOx spatial distribution in the furnace is established based on extreme learning machine (ELM). The experiments are conducted considering a 350 MW coal-fired boiler with a change in the burner tilt angles under a rated load. The experimental results show that the data-driven method based on PMI-ELM can realize the rapid prediction of the 3D spatial distribution of NOx in the furnace with 12.84% mean absolute percentage error.
A Novel Prognostic Model for Identifying the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Angiogenesis Factors
Authors: Gao Yuan , Liu Jia , Zhao Dexi , Diao Guanghao 
Published: March 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with poor prognosis. An optimized stratification of HCC patients to discriminate clinical benefit regarding different degrees of malignancy is urgently needed because of no effective and reliable prognostic biomarkers currently. HCC is typically characterized by rich vascular. The dysregulated vascular endothelial growth factor was proved a pivotal regulator of the development of HCC. Therefore, we investigated the capability of angiogenic factors (AFs) in stratifying patients and constructed a prognostic risk model. A total of 6 prognostic correlated AFs (GRM8, SPC25, FSD1L, SLC386A, FAM72A and SLC39A10) were screened via LASSO Cox regression, which provided the basis for developing a novel prognostic risk model. Based on the risk model, HCC patients were subdivided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients in the high-risk group have a lower survival rate compared with those in the low-risk group. The prognostic model showed good predictive efficacy, with AUCs reaching 0.802 at 1 year, 0.694 at 2 years, and 0.672 at 3 years. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated that the risk score had significant prognostic value and was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Moreover, this model also showed a good diagnostic positive rate in the ICGC-LIRI-JP and GSE144269. Finally, we demonstrated the efficacy of the AF-risk model in HCC patients following sorafenib adjuvant chemotherapy. And revealed the underlying molecular features involving tumor stemness, immune regulation, and genomic alterations associated with the risk score. Based on a large population, we established a novel prognostic model based on 6 AFs to help identify HCC patients with a greater risk of death. The model may provide a reference for better clinical management of HCC patients in the era of cancer precision medicine.
A Randomized Open-Labeled Trial of Methotrexate as a Steroid-Sparing Agent for Patients With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Di Li , Shen Faxiu , Wen Xinmei , Lu Yan , Zhu Wenjia , Wang Min , Da Yuwei 
Published: March 2022

Background and PurposeTwo clinical trials assessing the steroid-sparing effect of methotrexate (MTX) yielded conflicting results. Our objective was to investigate whether MTX would show a steroid-sparing effect in the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) patients who fitted Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) Class II and Class III.MethodsWe performed an 18-month prospective, randomized, open-labeled trial of prednisone combined with MTX 10 mg orally every week versus prednisone alone in 40 recently diagnosed MG patients of MGFA Class II and Class III between July 2014 and July 2018. The primary endpoint was the prednisone area under the dose–time curve (AUDTC) from months 3 to 18. Secondary endpoints included changes of the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMG), the Myasthenia Gravis Activity of Daily Living Score (MG-ADL), initial time of prednisone reduction, the median prednisone daily dose in each month, adverse events, and treatment failures in each group.ResultsForty participants were included; among those, 5 individuals withdrew. A total of 35 participants completed 18 months of follow-up (18 in prednisone+MTX, 17 in prednisone group). Combined use of MTX reduced the month 3–18 prednisone AUDTC (prednisone+MTX 5,663.44 ± 1,678.08 mg, prednisone 6,683.94 ± 678.08 mg, p = 0.03, 95% confidence interval -1916.01 to -124.98). The initial times of prednisone reduction were 4.34 ± 1.44 months in the prednisone+MTX group and 5.56 ± 2.05 months in the prednisone group (p = 0.04, 95% CI -2.41 to -0.03). The median daily prednisone dose was significantly lower in the prednisone+MTX group at month 6 and months 9–18. No significant differences were found in QMG and MG-ADL scores between the two groups. No serious drug-related adverse events were observed in both groups.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that MTX has the steroid-sparing ability in generalized MG patients of MGFA Class II and Class III.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=10563 identifier ChiCTR-IPR-15006081.
Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Perfusion and Thickness Measurement in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients by the Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Liu Tingting , Lin Wei , Shi Genggeng , Wang Wenqi , Feng Meng , Xie Xiao , Liu Tong , Zhou Qingjun 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo observe the changes in retinal and choroidal microstructures in patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to evaluate the vascular perfusion of retina and choroid retinal thickness, retinal and choroidal vessel density by the swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).MethodsSubjects were divided into three groups: healthy control group (30 cases, 51 eyes), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, 42 cases, 71 eyes) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR, 31 cases, 53 eyes). The area of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), retinal and choroidal vascular perfusion, and the deep vascular complexes, including the intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) within the radius of 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm around the fovea were measured by SS-OCTA.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, DR patients presented significantly increased fovea avascular area, while vessel density (VD) in the ICP and DCP, vascular perfusion rate, and the retinal thickness were considerably decreased. There were significant differences in the retinal thickness, ICP, and DCP vessel densities between the control and NPDR groups, or control and PDR groups, or PDR and NPDR groups. The deep vascular perfusion rate also significantly differed between the control and PDR groups, but there was no significant difference between the PDR and NPDR groups. The choroidal perfusion exhibited significant differences across different areas and amongst the three groups. Furthermore, the choroidal thickness showed a significant difference between the PDR and NPDR groups.ConclusionOur results showed significant differences in the area of the avascular fovea and the VD of deep vascular complexes between DR patients and healthy control subjects. Moreover, there were significant differences in retinal VD, especially in the deep-retinalregions, choroidal perfusion, and the volume of large vessel choroid in DR patients with different degrees of disease severity. Notably, SS-OCTA provided in-depth information for detecting the potential VD damage in DR patients caused by a multitudeof factors.
Description of an Integrated and Dynamic System to Efficiently Deal With a Raging COVID-19 Pandemic Peak
Authors: Agnoletti Vanni , Gamberini Emiliano , Circelli Alessandro , Martino Costanza , Santonastaso Domenico Pietro , Bolondi Giuliano , Bastoni Giorgia , Spiga Martina , Ceccarelli Paola , Montaguti Luca , Catena Fausto , Poletti Venerino , Lusenti Carlo , Lazzari Claudio , Altini Mattia , Russo Emanuele 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to describe an innovative and functional method to deal with the increased COVID-19 pandemic-related intensive care unit bed requirements.MethodsWe described the emergency creation of an integrated system of internistic ward, step-down unit, and intensive care unit, physically located in reciprocal vicinity on the same floor. The run was carried out under the control of single intensive care staff, through sharing clinical protocols and informatics systems, and following single director supervision. The intention was to create a dynamic and flexible system, allowing for rapid and fluid patient admission/discharge, depending on the requirements due to the third Italian peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021.ResultsThis study involved 142 COVID-19 patients and 66 non-COVID-19 patients who were admitted; no critical patient was left unadmitted and no COVID-19 severe patients referring to our center had to be redirected to other hospitals due to bed saturation. This system allowed shorter hospital length-of-stay in general wards (5.9 ± 4 days) than in other internistic COVID-19 wards and overall mortality in line with those reported in literature despite the peak raging.ConclusionThis case report showed the feasibility and the efficiency of this dynamic model of hospital rearrangement to deal with COVID-19 pandemic peaks.
Early Menopause May Associate With a Higher Risk of CKD and All-Cause Mortality in Postmenopausal Women: An Analysis of NHANES, 1999–2014
Authors: Qian Duo , Wang Zu-feng , Cheng Yi-chun , Luo Ran , Ge Shu-Wang , Xu Gang 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) in women is often accompanied by hormone disorders such as sex hormones, and most women with CKD are in the post-menopausal age group. Due to the close relationship between menopause and sex hormones, we aimed to explore the association between early menopause and CKD in post-menopausal women, and the influence of early menopause on longevity in the CKD population.MethodsInformation regarding 4,945 post-menopausal women was extracted from the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2014, and then divided into 4 groups according to the type of menopause (natural or surgical) and early menopause (menopause at age &lt;45) or not. The association between early menopause and CKD prevalence was examined using multivariable logistic regression, while we used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the possible relationship between early menopause and all-cause mortality in CKD and non-CKD populations. The differences in the levels of sex hormones between women with and without CKD were also explored.ResultsCompared with women with natural menopause
at age ≥45, women experiencing early natural menopause had a higher risk of CKD [OR = 1.26 (1.01–1.56)]. Similarly, as compared to women with surgical menopause at age ≥ 45, women in the early surgical menopause group were more likely to have CKD [OR = 1.38 (1.05–1.81)]. In addition, early surgical menopause was associated with higher mortality in the non-CKD group [HR = 1.62 (1.06–2.49)], but not in the CKD group. Women with CKD had a higher level of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, combined with a lower level of testosterone and estradiol than the non-CKD women.ConclusionBoth early natural and surgical menopause were associated with a higher risk of CKD. Early surgical menopause was a hazard factor for survival in the non-CKD group, but not in the CKD group. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms.
Peripapillary Vascular Reactivity in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma With High Myopia by Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Fan Xintong , Xu Huan , Zhai Ruyi , Sheng Qilian , Sun Yanan , Shao Tingting , Kong Xiangmei 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo evaluate peripapillary vascular reactivity in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with and without high myopia (HM) by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 48 eyes with POAG, including 16 and 32 eyes with and without HM, respectively. The retinal peripapillary vessel density (VD) was repeatedly assessed using OCTA at baseline and after a hyperoxia test (breathing 80% oxygen). The VD changes between different oxygenation conditions were calculated to reflect the vasoreactivity. Linear regression was performed to determine the relationship between myopia and retinal vascular reactivity in patients with POAG. Systemic hemodynamic characteristics were also evaluated under both conditions.ResultsThe VD was significantly reduced after hyperoxia in the whole image (baseline and hyperoxia: 41.4 ± 4.5 and 38.8 ± 4.4, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) and in the peripapillary regions (44.3 ± 5.7 and 41.1 ± 5.4, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) in POAG eyes without HM. However, in eyes with HM, the whole-image VD in hyperoxia was not significantly different from the baseline (baseline and hyperoxia: 40.5 ± 6.2 and 40.2 ± 6.2, respectively, P = 0.481). The VD changes in eyes with HM were significantly smaller than those in eyes without HM in both the whole image (0.3 ± 1.8 and 2.6 ± 2.0, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) and peripapillary regions (1.1 ± 2.0 and 3.2 ± 2.3, respectively, P = 0.003). Linear regression results showed a significant correlation between retinal vascular reactivity and spherical equivalent (SE) (β = 0.28, P &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.31) and axial length (AL) (β = −0.72, P &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.33).ConclusionRetinal vasoreactivity of peripapillary capillaries in POAG eyes with HM was significantly impaired in comparison with that in POAG eyes without HM. A lower peripapillary vascular response was significantly associated with worse SE and elongated AL.