bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The recovery of metals as high value powders and nanopowders from industrial wastewaters using potential-controlled electrolysis
Authors: Luchcińska S. , Lach J. , Wróbel K. , Łukomska A. , Łoś P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of the presented study was the recovery of Zn, Cr, Cu and Co in the form of powders and nanopowders from various types of industrial wastewaters. Powders and nanopowders as products of high added value find a wide applications in nanotechnology and material science and engineering. The metallic powders were obtained using potentiostatic electroreduction (potential-controlled electrolysis). The chosen method offers better control of the purity and structure of the products. The structure and size of crystallites depend on the value of electrolysis potentials and time, cathode material, concentrations of metal ions. In this investigation, the powders of different sizes ranging from 90 to 230 nm for Cr, 100–4000 nm for Zn, 25–100 nm for Co and 40–660 nm for Cu were deposited. The compositions, purity and size of the cathode deposits were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Presented metal recovery method is a promising technique for industrial application, given its simplicity, economic viability and environmental sustainability. It can be used on a wide range of solutions and help in reducing the problem of the growing amounts of industrial wastewater.
Clinical characteristics, AR gene variants, and functional domains in 64 patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Liu Q. , Yin X. , Li P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is caused by abnormal androgen receptor (AR) genes that show variable genotypes and phenotypes. However, the correlation between genotype and phenotype is unclear.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 64 patients with AIS at Shanghai Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2022. We analysed the clinical data of the patients, including hormone levels, AR gene variants, and functional domains.

Results
Variants occurred in the 3 major functional domains in 56 patients, including 23 patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and 33 with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS). The incidence of nonscrotal fusion (P = 0.019) and proximal urethral opening (P = 0.0002) in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) group was higher than that in the non-LBD group. The phallus length in the LBD group was significantly shorter than that in the non-LBD group (P = 0.009). The external masculinization score (EMS) in the LBD group was significantly lower than that in the non-LBD group (P = 0.013). The levels of inhibin-B (INHB; P = 0.0007), basal luteinizing hormone (LH; P = 0.033), LH peak (P = 0.002), and testosterone (T) after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation (P = 0.001) in the LBD group were higher than those in the non-LBD group. There were 53 variants in 64 patients, including 42 reported and 11 novel AR variants, including p.Met247Arg, p.Asp266Glyfs*39, p.Arg362Serfs*140, p.Ala385Val, p.Glu541Asp, p.Pro613Leu, p.Pro695Leu, p.Asn757Asp, c.1616 + 1dup, c.1886-1G > A and exon 5–7 deletion.

Conclusions
The EMS of patients with AIS in the LBD group was significantly lower than that in the non-LBD group. The phallus length was shorter, and the incidences of proximal urethral opening and nonscrotal fusion were higher, suggesting that the phenotypes in the LBD group were more severe. The levels of INHB, basal LH, peak LH, and T after HCG stimulation in the LBD group were higher than those in the non-LBD group, suggesting that androgen resistance in the LBD group was more severe. We identified 53 variants in 64 patients: 42 reported and 11 novel AR variants. These findings provide new and deeper insight into AIS diagnosis and genetic assessment of AIS.
Map equation centrality: community-aware centrality based on the map equation
Authors: Blöcker Christopher , Nieves Juan Carlos , Rosvall Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo measure node importance, network scientists employ centrality scores that typically take a microscopic or macroscopic perspective, relying on node features or global network structure. However, traditional centrality measures such as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, or PageRank neglect the community structure found in real-world networks. To study node importance based on network flows from a mesoscopic perspective, we analytically derive a community-aware information-theoretic centrality score based on network flow and the coding principles behind the map equation: map equation centrality. Map equation centrality measures how much further we can compress the network’s modular description by not coding for random walker transitions to the respective node, using an adapted coding scheme and determining node importance from a network flow-based point of view. The information-theoretic centrality measure can be determined from a node’s local network context alone because changes to the coding scheme only affect other nodes in the same module. Map equation centrality is agnostic to the chosen network flow model and allows researchers to select the model that best reflects the dynamics of the process under study. Applied to synthetic networks, we highlight how our approach enables a more fine-grained differentiation between nodes than node-local or network-global measures. Predicting influential nodes for two different dynamical processes on real-world networks with traditional and other community-aware centrality measures, we find that activating nodes based on map equation centrality scores tends to create the largest cascades in a linear threshold model.
Association of patient characteristics with clinical outcomes in a cohort of hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Greek referral centre for COVID-19
Authors: Rapti I. , Asimakopoulos A. , Liontos A. , Kosmidou M. , Christaki E. , Biros D. , Milionis O. , Tsourlos S. , Ntotsikas E. , Ntzani E. , Evangelou E. , Gartzonika K. , Georgiou I. , Tzoulaki I. , Tsilidis K. , Milionis H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPatient-important outcomes related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to drive the pandemic response across the globe. Various prognostic factors for COVID-19 severity have emerged and their replication across different clinical settings providing health services is ongoing. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and their association with outcomes in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the University Hospital of Ioannina. We assessed a cohort of 681 consecutively hospitalised patients with COVID-19 from January 2020 to December 2021. Demographic data, underlying comorbidities, clinical presentation, biochemical markers, radiologic findings, COVID-19 treatment and outcome data were collected at the first day of hospitalisation and up to 90 days. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between clinical characteristics (hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation (s.d.)) with intubation and/or mortality status. The participants' mean age was 62.8 (s.d., 16.9) years and 57% were males. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (45%), cardiovascular disease (19%) and diabetes mellitus (21%). Patients usually presented with fever (81%), cough (50%) and dyspnoea (27%), while lymphopenia and increased inflammatory markers were the most common laboratory abnormalities. Overall, 55 patients (8%) were intubated, and 86 patients (13%) died. There were statistically significant positive associations between intubation or death with age (HR: 2.59; 95% CI 1.52–4.40), lactate dehydrogenase (HR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.04–1.98), pO2/FiO2ratio < 100 mmHg (HR: 3.52; 95% CI 1.14–10.84), and inverse association with absolute lymphocyte count (HR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.33–0.87). These data might help to identify points for improvement in the management of COVID-19 patients.
A Spectral Boundary‐Integral Method for Faults and Fractures in a Poroelastic Solid: Simulations of a Rate‐and‐State Fault With Dilatancy, Compaction, and Fluid Injection
Authors: Heimisson Elías Rafn , Liu Shengduo , Lapusta Nadia , Rudnicki John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFluid‐fault interactions result in many two‐way coupled processes across a range of length scales, from the micron scale of the shear zone to the kilometer scale of the slip patch. The scale separation and complex coupling render fluid‐fault interactions challenging to simulate, yet they are key for our understanding of experimental data and induced seismicity. Here we present spectral boundary‐integral solutions for in‐plane interface sliding and opening in a poroelastic solid. We solve for fault slip in the presence of rate‐and‐state frictional properties, inelastic dilatancy, injection, and the coupling of a shear zone and a diffusive poroelastic bulk. The shear localization zone is treated as having a finite width and non‐constant pore pressure, albeit with a simplified mathematical representation. The dimension of the 2D plane strain problem is reduced to a 1D problem resulting in increased computational efficiency and incorporation of small‐scale shear‐zone physics into the boundary conditions. We apply the method to data from a fault injection experiment that has been previously studied with modeling. We explore the influence of bulk poroelastic response, bulk diffusivity in addition to inelastic dilatancy on fault slip during injection. Dilatancy not only alters drastically the stability of fault slip but also the nature of pore pressure evolution on the fault, causing significant deviation from the standard square‐root‐of‐time diffusion. More surprisingly, varying the bulk's poroelastic response (by using different values of the undrained Poisson's ratio) and bulk hydraulic diffusivity can be as critical in determining rupture stability as the inelastic dilatancy.
Enhancement strategy for effective vascular regeneration following myocardial infarction through a dual stem cell approach
Authors: Kim Hyeok , Park Soon-Jung , Park Jae-Hyun , Lee Sunghun , Park Bong-Woo , Lee Soon Min , Hwang Ji-Won , Kim Jin-Ju , Kang Byeongmin , Sim Woo-Sup , Kim Hyo-Jin , Jeon Seung Hwan , Kim Dong-Bin , Jang Jinah , Cho Dong-Woo , Moon Sung-Hwan , Park Hun-Jun , Ban Kiwon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince an impaired coronary blood supply following myocardial infarction (MI) negatively affects heart function, therapeutic neovascularization is considered one of the major therapeutic strategies for cell-based cardiac repair. Here, to more effectively achieve therapeutic neovascularization in ischemic hearts, we developed a dual stem cell approach for effective vascular regeneration by utilizing two distinct types of stem cells, CD31+-endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-ECs) and engineered human mesenchymal stem cells that continuously secrete stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-eMSCs), to simultaneously promote natal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, two core mechanisms of neovascularization. To induce more comprehensive vascular regeneration, we intramyocardially injected hiPSC-ECs to produce de novo vessels, possibly via vasculogenesis, and a 3D cardiac patch encapsulating SDF-eMSCs (SDF-eMSC-PA) to enhance angiogenesis through prolonged secretion of paracrine factors, including SDF-1α, was implanted into the epicardium of ischemic hearts. We verified that hiPSC-ECs directly contribute to de novo vessel formation in ischemic hearts, resulting in enhanced cardiac function. In addition, the concomitant implantation of SDF1α-eMSC-PAs substantially improved the survival, retention, and vasculogenic potential of hiPSC-ECs, ultimately achieving more comprehensive neovascularization in the MI hearts. Of note, the newly formed vessels through the dual stem cell approach were significantly larger and more functional than those formed by hiPSC-ECs alone. In conclusion, these results provide compelling evidence that our strategy for effective vascular regeneration can be an effective means to treat ischemic heart disease.
Genome-wide meta-analyses reveal novel loci for verbal short-term memory and learning
Authors: Lahti Jari , Tuominen Samuli , Yang Qiong , Pergola Giulio , Ahmad Shahzad , Amin Najaf , Armstrong Nicola J. , Beiser Alexa , Bey Katharina , Bis Joshua C. , Boerwinkle Eric , Bressler Jan , Campbell Archie , Campbell Harry , Chen Qiang , Corley Janie , Cox Simon R. , Davies Gail , De Jager Philip L. , Derks Eske M. , Faul Jessica D. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Fohner Alison E. , Ford Ian , Fornage Myriam , Gerring Zachary , Grabe Hans J. , Grodstein Francine , Gudnason Vilmundur , Simonsick Eleanor , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Joshi Peter K. , Kajantie Eero , Kaprio Jaakko , Karell Pauliina , Kleineidam Luca , Knol Maria J. , Kochan Nicole A. , Kwok John B. , Leber Markus , Lam Max , Lee Teresa , Li Shuo , Loukola Anu , Luck Tobias , Marioni Riccardo E. , Mather Karen A. , Medland Sarah , Mirza Saira S. , Nalls Mike A. , Nho Kwangsik , O’Donnell Adrienne , Oldmeadow Christopher , Painter Jodie , Pattie Alison , Reppermund Simone , Risacher Shannon L. , Rose Richard J. , Sadashivaiah Vijay , Scholz Markus , Satizabal Claudia L. , Schofield Peter W. , Schraut Katharina E. , Scott Rodney J. , Simino Jeannette , Smith Albert V. , Smith Jennifer A. , Stott David J. , Surakka Ida , Teumer Alexander , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Trompet Stella , Turner Stephen T. , van der Lee Sven J. , Villringer Arno , Völker Uwe , Wilson Robert S. , Wittfeld Katharina , Vuoksimaa Eero , Xia Rui , Yaffe Kristine , Yu Lei , Zare Habil , Zhao Wei , Ames David , Attia John , Bennett David A. , Brodaty Henry , Chasman Daniel I. , Goldman Aaron L. , Hayward Caroline , Ikram M. Arfan , Jukema J. Wouter , Kardia Sharon L. R. , Lencz Todd , Loeffler Markus , Mattay Venkata S. , Palotie Aarno , Psaty Bruce M. , Ramirez Alfredo , Ridker Paul M. , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Saykin Andrew J. , Scherer Martin , Schofield Peter R. , Sidney Stephen , Starr John M. , Trollor Julian , Ulrich William , Wagner Michael , Weir David R. , Wilson James F. , Wright Margaret J. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Debette Stephanie , Eriksson Johan G. , Mosley Thomas H. , Launer Lenore J. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Deary Ian J. , Seshadri Sudha , Räikkönen Katri 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Understanding the genomic basis of memory processes may help in combating neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we examined the associations of common genetic variants with verbal short-term memory and verbal learning in adults without dementia or stroke (N = 53,637). We identified novel loci in the intronic region of CDH18, and at 13q21 and 3p21.1, as well as an expected signal in the APOE/APOC1/TOMM40 region. These results replicated in an independent sample. Functional and bioinformatic analyses supported many of these loci and further implicated POC1. We showed that polygenic score for verbal learning associated with brain activation in right parieto-occipital region during working memory task. Finally, we showed genetic correlations of these memory traits with several neurocognitive and health outcomes. Our findings suggest a role of several genomic loci in verbal memory processes.
Neural circuit for social authentication in song learning
Authors: Katic Jelena , Morohashi Yuichi , Yazaki-Sugiyama Yoko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSocial interactions are essential when learning to communicate. In human speech and bird song, infants must acquire accurate vocalization patterns and learn to associate them with live tutors and not mimetic sources. However, the neural mechanism of social reality during vocal learning remains unknown. Here, we characterize a neural circuit for social authentication in support of accurate song learning in the zebra finch. We recorded neural activity in the attention/arousal state control center, the locus coeruleus (LC), of juvenile birds during song learning from a live adult tutor. LC activity increased with real, not artificial, social information during learning that enhanced the precision and robustness of the learned song. During live social song learning, LC activity regulated long-term song-selective neural responsiveness in an auditory memory region, the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM). In accord, optogenetic inhibition of LC presynaptic signaling in the NCM reduced NCM neuronal responsiveness to live tutor singing and impaired song learning. These results demonstrate that the LC-NCM neural circuit integrates sensory evidence of real social interactions, distinct from song acoustic features, to authenticate song learning. The findings suggest a general mechanism for validating social information in brain development.
Primary cilia and SHH signaling impairments in human and mouse models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Luecken Malte D. , Trümbach Dietrich , Hembach Sina , Niedermeier Kristina M. , Wenck Nicole , Pflügler Klaus , Stautner Constantin , Böttcher Anika , Lickert Heiko , Ramirez-Suastegui Ciro , Ahmad Ruhel , Ziller Michael J. , Fitzgerald Julia C. , Ruf Viktoria , van de Berg Wilma D. J. , Jonker Allert J. , Gasser Thomas , Winner Beate , Winkler Jürgen , Vogt Weisenhorn Daniela M. , Giesert Florian , Theis Fabian J. , Wurst Wolfgang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder arises from multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, underlying pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using multiplexed single-cell transcriptomics, we analyze human neural precursor cells (hNPCs) from sporadic PD (sPD) patients. Alterations in gene expression appear in pathways related to primary cilia (PC). Accordingly, in these hiPSC-derived hNPCs and neurons, we observe a shortening of PC. Additionally, we detect a shortening of PC inPINK1-deficient human cellular and mouse models of familial PD. Furthermore, in sPD models, the shortening of PC is accompanied by increased Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signal transduction. Inhibition of this pathway rescues the alterations in PC morphology and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, increased SHH activity due to ciliary dysfunction may be required for the development of pathoetiological phenotypes observed in sPD like mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibiting overactive SHH signaling may be a potential neuroprotective therapy for sPD.
Hydrogen-bonded organic framework biomimetic entrapment allowing non-native biocatalytic activity in enzyme
Authors: Chen Guosheng , Tong Linjing , Huang Siming , Huang Shuyao , Zhu Fang , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNature programs the structural folding of an enzyme that allows its on-demand biofunctionality; however, it is still a long-standing challenge to manually modulate an enzyme’s conformation. Here, we design an exogenous hydrogen-bonded organic framework to modulate the conformation of cytochrome c, and hence allow non-native bioactivity for the enzyme. The rigid hydrogen-bonded organic framework, with net-arranged carboxylate inner cage, is in situ installed onto the native cytochrome c. The resultant hydrogen-bonded nano-biointerface changes the conformation to a previously not achieved catalase-like species within the reported cytochrome c-porous organic framework systems. In addition, the preserved hydrogen-bonded organic framework can stabilize the encapsulated enzyme and its channel-like pores also guarantee the free entrance of catalytic substrates. This work describes a conceptual nanotechnology for manoeuvring the flexible conformations of an enzyme, and also highlights the advantages of artificial hydrogen-bonded scaffolds to modulate enzyme activity.
Synthesis of cis-thiiranes as diastereoselective access to epoxide congeners via 4π-electrocyclization of thiocarbonyl ylides
Authors: Song Su-min , Jin Jaeseong , Choi Jun-Ho , Chung Won-jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganochalcogen heterocycles are ubiquitously present and widely utilized in various fields. Among them, oxirane has been extensively studied, and all of the stereoisomeric forms are readily available. In contrast, synthetic studies on thiirane were rarely reported, and thus the useful sulfur-congener of oxirane has been difficult to access in a stereodefined form. In this research, a general stereoselective synthesis of cis-thiiranes is accomplished by taking advantage of stereospecific electrocyclization of trans-thiocarbonyl ylides, which are generated in situ from readily available E,E-aldazine N-oxides upon treatment with Lawesson’s reagent. This newly developed practical method provides a variety of cis−1,2-diarylthiiranes as essentially single diastereomers in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The intermediacy of trans-thiocarbonyl yilde is confirmed by mechanistic experiments, and the excellent stereocontrol is rationalized by DFT calculation.
Modeling PRPF31 retinitis pigmentosa using retinal pigment epithelium and organoids combined with gene augmentation rescue
Authors: Rodrigues Amélie , Slembrouck-Brec Amélie , Nanteau Céline , Terray Angélique , Tymoshenko Yelyzaveta , Zagar Yvrick , Reichman Sacha , Xi Zhouhuan , Sahel José-Alain , Fouquet Stéphane , Orieux Gael , Nandrot Emeline F. , Byrne Leah C. , Audo Isabelle , Roger Jérôme E. , Goureau Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMutations in the ubiquitously expressedpre-mRNA processing factor(PRPF)31gene, one of the most common causes of dominant form of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), lead to a retina-specific phenotype. It is uncertain which retinal cell types are affected and animal models do not clearly present the RP phenotype observed inPRPF31patients. Retinal organoids and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide potential opportunities for studying humanPRPF31-related RP. We demonstrate here that RPE cells carryingPRPF31mutations present important morphological and functional changes and thatPRPF31-mutated retinal organoids recapitulate the human RP phenotype, with a rod photoreceptor cell death followed by a loss of cones. The low level ofPRPF31expression may explain the defective phenotypes ofPRPF31-mutated RPE and photoreceptor cells, which were not observed in cells derived from asymptomatic patients or after correction of the pathogenic mutation by CRISPR/Cas9. Transcriptome profiles revealed differentially expressed and mis-spliced genes belonging to pathways in line with the observed defective phenotypes. The rescue of RPE and photoreceptor defective phenotypes byPRPF31gene augmentation provide the proof of concept for future therapeutic strategies.
Effects of estradiol on the virulence traits of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Demirel Kartheyaene Jayaprakash , Guimaraes Alessandra Neves , Demirel Isak 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis has been strongly associated to active periodontitis sites. A number of studies have tried to elucidate the association between female steroid sex hormones and gingival health. However, until now, there is limited knowledge on estradiol effects on the virulence traits of P. gingivalis. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of estradiol exposure on the virulence characteristics of P. gingivalis strain W50. We found that a pre- and postmenopausal concentration of estradiol increased the growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis W50. We also found that estradiol increased the release of lysine and arginine gingipains from W50. We then showed that IL-1β, CXCL10 and TGF-β1 release from gingival epithelial cells was significantly lowered by W50 pre-exposed to estradiol compared to W50 alone. Real time-qPCR showed that the gene expression of IL-18, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1 and NLRP3 in gingival epithelial cells was significantly lowered by W50 pre-exposed to estradiol compared to W50 alone. We also found that estradiol in a dose-dependent manner increased P. gingivalis colonization and invasion of gingival epithelial cells. Taken together, our findings show that estradiol has the ability to alter the virulence traits of P. gingivalis.