bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unbundling Hackathon Orchestration Mechanisms: Relational Brokering, Contextual Configuring, and Legitimacy Building
Authors: Haefliger Christina , Ritala Paavo , Hakala Henri 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the orchestration of hackathons targeting the creation of new ideas and innovation. We employed a qualitative case study approach with data collected from hackathon organizers, partners, and solvers at multiple events organized by Ultrahack, a Finnish hackathon organizer. We initially conceptualized hackathon orchestration as a form of coordination that requires brokering in social networks. Building on this background, we empirically identify three types of orchestration mechanisms: orchestration as relational brokering, orchestration as contextual configuring, and orchestration as legitimacy building. We analyse how these mechanisms contribute to the benefits perceived by hackathon solvers and partners. Our study contributes to the academic discourse on orchestration mechanisms in hackathons and offers insights for practitioners managing hackathons and innovation contests, especially from the point of view of third‐party orchestrators.
The golden layer: the origins, concentration, and transmission of top wealth in Zurich, 1880–1952
Authors: Legentilhomme Geoffroy , Leimgruber Matthieu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOn the basis of a new dataset of top wealth holdings at the taxpayer level for the Swiss canton of Zurich from 1880 to 1952, this article makes two main contributions. First, we provide an estimate of the top 0.1 per cent wealth share and show that wealth concentration in Zurich exhibited significant stability in comparative perspective. Second, we provide a collective portrait of the top 0.1 per cent wealth share, highlighting patterns of continuity and change. If inheritance played a paramount role, genuine ‘rentiers’ remained a minority in comparison with businessmen active in family firms which they had inherited. We also identify a significant share of wealthy women. By combining biographical and genealogical information, we analyse the persistence of top fortunes. In 1952, 35 per cent of the top 0.1 per cent wealth was owned by taxpayers who were related – kinship‐wise – to the richest taxpayers of the late nineteenth century. Overall, we highlight how collective biography approaches can contribute to debates on wealth concentration and transmission. As top wealth tends to be concentrated in specific locations, we also underscore how studies focusing on specific cities and regions can improve our understanding of these mechanisms.
Self‐Regulated Learning Strategies in Computer Programming Education
Authors: Ramírez‐Echeverry Jhon Jairo , Restrepo‐Calle Felipe , Jiménez Stephanie Torres 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the self‐regulated learning strategies employed by students in computer programming courses. Utilising the Questionnaire on Learning Strategies in Computer Programming (CEAPC), the research aims to identify specific strategies used by students. The findings reveal a variety of effective learning strategies, including problem‐solving, knowledge acquisition and study environment management in the context of computer programming learning. However, difficulties in idea organisation were noted, suggesting a need for enhanced support in structuring and documenting thought processes and code. The study also highlights the interdependence of learning strategies, particularly the role of metacognition in conjunction with practice, problem‐solving and time management. Differences in strategy use across course levels and gender were observed, with advanced courses prompting more complex strategies and female students excelling in structured and collaborative learning. These insights provide educators with valuable guidance for developing targeted interventions to improve students' self‐regulated learning abilities in programming education.
Hemolysis Biomarkers After Pulmonary Vein Isolation via a Balloon‐In‐Basket PFA Catheter
Authors: Marcon Lorenzo , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Vetta Giampaolo , Nakasone Kazutaka , Sorgente Antonio , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gian‐Battista 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe extensive use of pulsed field ablation (PFA) in clinical settings has unveiled new evidence suggesting potential involvement in red blood cell structural impairment resulting in hemolysis and potential acute kidney injury (AKI).MethodsIn this study, blood samples were collected from 16 patients before and 24 h after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) via a novel investigational PFA‐based technology. Biochemical analyses were performed to assess hemolysis and AKI, including total and indirect bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), haptoglobin, plasma free hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ResultsBased on the periprocedural changes in hemolysis biomarkers, none of the patients displayed evidence of clinically relevant hemolysis following PVI with the PFA catheter.
Cancer and Accelerated Aging Research at the National Institutes of Health, 2013–2023: A Grant Portfolio Analysis
Authors: Gallicchio Lisa , Brick Rachelle , Tesauro Gina , Page Lindsey , Green Paige , Guida Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the NIH‐funded grant portfolio focused on cancer and accelerated aging.MethodsResearch project grants focused on cancer survivors and aging trajectories that were newly funded during fiscal years 2013 through 2023 were identified by first using a text mining algorithm from the NIH Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization (RCDC) system with cancer survivorship‐relevant terms and then a list of aging‐related terms that included aging, neurocognition, and physical function. Included grants were double coded to extract study characteristics.ResultsA total of 166 grants were identified, with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute on Aging (NIA) funding 62.0% and 23.5% of the grants, respectively. The number of newly funded grants rose from nine in 2013 to 27 in 2023. Overall, the majority were observational studies (65.1%); 45% included study samples of multiple cancer types. The most commonly examined outcomes were cognitive (54.4%) or physical (37.5%) functioning; 30% of grants incorporated an aging‐related biomarker. Few grants focused on racial and ethnic minority (3.0%) or rural cancer survivors (2.4%).ConclusionsThis portfolio analysis showed an increase in the number of NIH‐funded grants focused on cancer survivors and accelerated aging, but notable gaps are evident. Given the rapidly growing survivor population, many of whom will experience accelerated aging trajectories, there is a critical need to better understand accelerated aging phenotypes and mechanisms, so that those at the highest risk for adverse aging‐related effects can be identified and interventions developed.
Engaging South Asian Communities in the United Kingdom to Explore Infant Feeding Practices and Inform Intervention Development: Application of the REPLACE Approach
Authors: Kwah Kayleigh , Sharps Maxine , Bartle Naomi , Choudhry Kubra , Blissett Jacqueline , Brown Katherine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBreastfeeding in UK Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities is positively and negatively influenced by cultural beliefs and practices. The LIFT (Learning about Infant Feeding Together) project aimed to understand the determinants of infant feeding in these target communities and to engage them in the development of a culturally specific and acceptable infant feeding intervention to support breastfeeding. Reported here is phase one of the LIFT project guided by the REPLACE approach (a framework for the development of community‐based interventions). The project involved an initial lengthy period of engagement with the target communities, using methods such as a community outreach event and identification of community peer group champions to help build trust. This was followed by iterative community workshops used to explore and build an understanding of infant feeding practices and the social norms and beliefs underlying these, and to assess community readiness to change. Consistent with previous research, the six key practices and beliefs identified from the workshops were: (1) Disparities between personal views versus cultural and normative barriers, (2) Family relationships and the influence on infant feeding decisions, (3) Pardah (modesty) and being unable to breastfeed in front of others, (4) Discarding colostrum (first breast milk), (5) Pre‐lacteal feeds (feeds within a few hours of birth and before any breast or formula milk has been given) and complementary feeding before the baby is 6 months old, and (6) The belief that bigger babies are better and that formula helps babies to grow. Participants perceived that Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities would be amenable to intervention that aimed to change some but not all of the infant feeding behaviours identified. Findings informed the co‐development of a culturally appropriate intervention toolkit to optimise infant feeding behaviour.
Hybrid deep learning model for predicting failure properties of asphalt binder from fracture surface images
Authors: Asadi Babak , Shah Viraj , Vyas Abhilash , Golparvar‐Fard Mani , Hajj Ramez 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCracking impacts asphalt concrete durability primarily due to cohesive asphalt binder failures. The poker chip test has recently been introduced to better characterize the cracking potential of asphalt binders by fracturing a specimen in a realistic stress state to a thin binder film. However, broader adoption faces challenges due to high instrumentation costs for measuring load and displacement. This paper presents and validates a deep learning model that predicts ductility and tensile strength from posttest images of fractured binder surfaces, with potential extensions to simplified instrumentation. The hybrid model, named PCNet, integrates a custom lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) developed to capture local features (e.g., edges, boundaries, contours) within fracture cavities with a Swin Transformer that models global contextual dependencies. A bidirectional cross‐attention fusion module is designed to facilitate mutual information exchange between CNN and transformer branches. The fused features are then processed by a fully connected network (FCN) to predict indices derived from the test. The proposed model demonstrates high predictive accuracy across a range of binders and test configurations, achieving an of 0.966 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 12.95% in predicting ductility, while also attaining an of 0.947 and a MAPE of 9.15% for strength, outperforming standalone models. Monte Carlo Dropout is also incorporated in the FCN to quantify prediction confidence. This cost‐effective methodology provides insights into fracture propagation in soft viscoelastic media and contributes to the field of experimental mechanics. With further data collection, the model holds potential for broader implementation, directly linking fracture surface images and mixture or field‐scale cracking behavior.
Subtilisin 6 From the Dermatophyte Trichophyton benhamiae Is a Marker of Infection but Not a Unique Virulence Factor
Authors: Poirier Wilfried , Faway Émilie , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Ozawa Kiyotaka , Maréchal Françoise , Monod Michel , Poumay Yves , Mignon Bernard 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTrichophyton benhamiae is a common dermatophyte whose natural host is the guinea pig and which causes highly inflammatory skin lesions in humans. The subtilisin 6 (SUB6) of this fungus belongs to a family of 12 SUB genes. Its encoding gene, overexpressed in vivo but not in vitro, has been considered a potentially important virulence factor, but its role in pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the role of T. benhamiae SUB6 in virulence in a mouse skin infection model.MethodsTo assess the contribution of SUB6 to virulence, SUB6‐deleted (ΔSUB6) and complemented strains were generated by genetic transformation. The pathogenicity of these strains was compared with that of the parental strain in vivo in mice, based on the evolution of skin symptoms, histopathological lesions and molecular analyses targeting the expression of host pro‐inflammatory genes and fungal genes encoding subtilisins from the same family as SUB6.ResultsThe ΔSUB6 strain induced superficial skin signs and histopathological inflammatory lesions similar to those caused by the parental strain. Significant overexpression of the SUB1, SUB3, SUB8 and SUB10 genes in the tissues was observed regardless of the strain tested, with no difference between these strains, reflecting the absence of any compensatory mechanism among subtilisins.ConclusionsSUB6 appears to be more of a marker of fungal infection than a virulence factor, at least acting alone.
Applications of interpretable ensemble learning for workplace risk assessment: The Chinese coal industry as an example
Authors: Wang QiFei , Zhao YiHan , Wang JunLong , Liu Shuai , Liu HaoLin , Qu Yang , Sun YingFeng , Li ChengWu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMachine learning has demonstrated potential in addressing complex nonlinear changes in risk assessment. However, further exploration is needed to enhance model interpretability and optimize performance. Therefore, this study aims to develop a novel workplace risk assessment framework. By utilizing the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis method and ensemble learning algorithms, the framework maps characteristic attributes to risk levels. Reliability validation of the framework and analysis of critical attribute components are conducted using accidents in Chinese coal enterprises as a case study, which represents one of the most serious occupational hazards. The results indicate that addressing interpretability issues of ensemble learning algorithms yields a model capable of accurately assessing workplace risk and understanding model decision‐making processes. Comparative experiments show that the model achieves an accuracy of up to 98.3%, confirming its robust performance. The outcomes of the SHAP model for feature importance facilitate the identification of critical attributes that explain causal relationships leading to risk‐level findings. This provides valuable accident prevention strategies to minimize occupational injuries and losses.
The Western Far Right and Digital Technology: Fuzzy Collectivity From Translocal Whiteness to Networked Metapolitics
Authors: Ganesh Bharath 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe rise of the far right has captured the attention of scholars across media studies, political science, and sociology. Digital technology played an important role in the rise of the far right and has deeply shaped this global movement. Focusing on research in Western societies (primarily Europe and North America), this review takes stock of how scholars in these three disciplines have studied the intersection of the far right and digital technology. The review introduces the problem of fuzzy collectivity to understand how scholars have made sense of the far right as an assemblage of increasingly complex networks of actors distributed across websites, alternative media, and platforms. Exploring solutions to the problem of fuzzy collectivity in the literature, the review proposes that far‐right engagement with digital technology should be conceptualized as a racial project engaging in metapolitics, a term used by far‐right ideologues that understands cultural movements to be prefigurative of political change. The review then explores the intersection of the far right and digital technology today, examining how it uses technology and the context of this use. The review then identifies pathways to reintegrate critical perspectives on racism in future research on the far right and digital technology.
Hispanic intersectional pay in the United States: Measuring the intra‐ and inter‐ethnoracial and gender income differences by Hispanic groups
Authors: Ferraro A. C. , Young Abby , Bernal Briceira , Vo Tiffanie , Schleifer Cyrus 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMost studies on racial income inequality focus on Black–White differences, ignoring the fact that Hispanic individuals are the lowest‐earning ethnoracial group in the United States. Research focusing on Hispanic workers emphasizes either men's or women's labor market experiences, treats Hispanics as a homogenous group. These approaches neglect the intersectional dynamics shaping these processes and overlook the diverse experiences across Hispanic communities. Using the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement, we investigate the patterns of inequality for various Hispanic groups by gender using inter‐ and intra‐categorical comparisons. While Hispanic workers are the lowest‐earning ethnoracial group in the aggregated data, disaggregating by country of origin shows variation, with Mexicans and Central/South Americans earning the least, while Cubans and Puerto Ricans show relatively higher income. Using inter‐ethnoracial comparisons across gender, we find Cuban men show a smaller pay gap relative to non‐Hispanic White men; however, Cuban women show a larger gap, more than two times the difference between Cuban men relative to non‐Hispanic White men. Our findings highlight both the need for intersectional approaches and attention to the distinct experiences of Hispanic groups in the labor market. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for future research.
TGGLinesPlus: A Robust Topological Graph‐Guided Computer Vision Algorithm for Line Detection From Images
Authors: Yang Liping , Driscol Joshua , Gong Ming , Slack Katie , Zhang Wenbin , Wang Shujie , Potts Catherine G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLine detection is a classic and essential problem in image processing, computer vision, and machine intelligence. Line detection has many important applications, including image vectorization (e.g., document recognition and art design), indoor mapping, and important societal challenges (e.g., sea ice fracture line extraction from satellite imagery). Many line detection algorithms and methods have been developed, but robust and intuitive methods are still lacking. In this paper, we proposed and implemented a topological graph‐guided algorithm, named TGGLinesPlus, for line detection. Our experiments on images from a wide range of domains have demonstrated the flexibility of our TGGLinesPlus algorithm. We benchmarked our algorithm with five classic and state‐of‐the‐art line detection methods and evaluated the benchmark results qualitatively and quantitatively, the results demonstrate the robustness of TGGLinesPlus.
Heat transfer performance of copper powder-copper mesh composite wick flat-plate micro heat pipe
Authors: Zhao Zhengang , Zhu Chenyu , Cai Shuiyan , Luo Chuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Flat-plate micro heat pipe(FMHP) plays an important role in the field of heat dissipation of electronic devices through vapor-liquid two-phase flow. Improving the heat transfer performance of FMHP has become a hot topic. This paper analyses the heat transfer principle of the FMHP to discover that balancing the capillary force and permeability of the wick is crucial to the heat transfer performance of the FMHP. Therefore, we propose a kind of copper powder and three kinds of copper powder-copper mesh integrated sintered wicks, build an experimental device, and analyze and research their heat transfer performance. The results show that the wick sintered from two layers of copper mesh and copper powder can better balance the capillary force and permeability, and the prepared FMHP has the best heat transfer performance. The maximum thermal power is 30 W and the minimum thermal resistance is 0.27 °C / W at the optimum filling ratios.
Isokinetic Peak Torque Ratio Between Hamstring and Quadriceps Musculature Correlates With Game Performance in Elite and U-20 Players of the Brazilian Women’s Soccer Team
Authors: Ogando Pedro Henrique Madureira , de Moura Isaías Gonçalves , Ramos Guilherme Passos , Wilke Carolina Franco , Coimbra Cândido Celso , Soares Danusa Dias 
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the potential associations between the isokinetic torque ratio of the women’s hamstring and quadriceps musculature and soccer players’ on-field performance during official games. Data from the Brazilian U-20 National Soccer Team (19.22 ± 0.83 years, n = 9) and elite National Soccer Team (29.17 ± 5.49 years, n = 6) were analyzed. Isokinetic concentric muscle strength tests at 60°/s were conducted bilaterally using a dynamometer. Peak torque (measured in newton meters) and hamstring to quadriceps concentric peak torque ratio for both legs were recorded. During official games, total distance covered, pace, number of accelerations, and decelerations, and distances covered in accelerations and decelerations were assessed by a GPS attached to the players’ upper back. Statistical analysis employed Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation as with appropriate, with significance set at p < .05. Elite athletes’ group significant correlations were observed between the hamstring to quadriceps concentric peak torque ratio and several performance parameters, including total distance (R = .664; p = .003), pace (R = −.673; p = .003), deceleration (R = .553; p = .02), and distances covered in accelerations (R = .544; p = .023) and decelerations (R = .683; p = .002). However, in the U-20 athletes’ group, significant correlations were only found between hamstring to quadriceps concentric peak torque ratio and acceleration (R = −.563; p = .005). These findings suggest lower limb isokinetic testing in elite soccer players may serve as a valuable performance indicator for on-field actions during official games.
The Role of Physical Activity Intensity on Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels in Pregnant Women
Authors: Middleton Ashley , Harden Joel E. , Reynolds Leryn J. 
Published: February 2025

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have deleterious effects on pregnant women and their fetus/offspring when exposed in utero. Physical activity has positive health outcomes on pregnant women and offspring. However, studies are lacking on whether physical activity impacts serum PCB levels in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to examine if serum PCB 138, 153, and 180 differ between pregnant women who have and have not participated in moderate (Mod, NoMod) or vigorous (Vig, NoVig) physical activity for at least 10 min in duration within the past 30 days, assessed via questionnaire. 178 pregnant women from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. PCB 138, 153, and 180 were significantly higher in Vig compared to NoVig (PCB 138: Vig—13.96 ± 0.93, NoVig—11.49 ± 0.72 ng/g, p = .015; PCB 153: Vig—21.32 ± 2.35, NoVig—15.21 ± 1.15 ng/g, p = .017; PCB 180: Vig—13.42 ± 2.35, NoVig—8.63 ± 0.71 ng/g, p = .056). PCB 138, 153, and 180 were not significantly different in Mod compared to NoMod (PCB 138: Mod—12.55 ± 0.98, NoMod—11.27 ± 1.16 ng/g, p = .432; PCB153: Mod—17.38 ± 1.80, NoMod—15.09 ± 1.71 ng/g, p = .392; PCB 180: Mod—10.28 ± 1.20, NoMod—8.59 ± 1.15 ng/g, p = .344). After adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, weight change status and body mass index, PCB levels for both vigorous and moderate activity status were not statistically significant (p < .05). Finally, PCB 138, 153, and 180 were lower in the top 50% body mass index compared to the lowest 50% (p < .05). Participating in physical activity does not appear to alter PCB levels in pregnant women after taking into consideration potential confounding factors but is impacted by body weight.