bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal fluid analysis in equine post‐partum emergencies admitted to a referral hospital: A retrospective study of 110 cases
Authors: Offer Katie S. , Russell Catherine M. , Carrick Joan B. , Wallington Caitlin E. , Cudmore Lucy A. , Cuming Rosemary S. , Collins Niamh M. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundPeritoneal fluid analysis has both diagnostic and prognostic value in colic but is little reported in the post‐partum mare. Multiple conditions may present similarly in this period, and peritoneal fluid findings may aid a prompt diagnosis.ObjectivesTo describe the peritoneal fluid findings and their association with diagnosis in mares presenting to a single referral hospital for treatment of post‐partum emergencies.Study designA retrospective clinical study.MethodsClinical records of 110 Thoroughbred mares were reviewed. Details of peritoneal fluid analysis from samples obtained at admission were recorded, in addition to history, physical examination, presenting clinicopathological data. Cases were classified by their primary diagnosis into groups of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), urogenital trauma (UGT) and post parturient haemorrhage (PPH). Univariable analysis was performed to compare findings between groups, using one‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey/Kruskal‐Wallis, as appropriate. A multinomial logistic regression was performed for variables significant in the univariable analysis.ResultsWhen separated into their diagnostic categories, 33/110 (30%) mares were classified as GIT, 55/110 (50%) UGT and 22/110 (20%) PPH. Peritoneal fluid packed cell volume (PCV), nucleated cell count (WBCC) and cytological findings were significantly different between diagnostic categories. The likelihood of diagnosis of PPH increased with an increase in peritoneal fluid PCV, the absence of degenerate neutrophils on peritoneal fluid cytology and a decrease in the peritoneal fluid WBCC. Overall survival to discharge was 55%.Main limitationsThe study is referral hospital‐based and retrospective in nature. Missing data reduced the power of analysis for several variables.ConclusionsPeritoneal fluid analysis may guide diagnosis in post‐partum emergencies, but no one factor is uniformly diagnostic. Mares with PPH presented with a non‐septic peritonitis with higher peritoneal PCV.
Modeling of cavity nucleation, early‐stage growth, and sintering in polycrystal under creep–fatigue interaction
Authors: Hu Jingdong , Liu Changjun , Xuan Fuzhen , Chen Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA mechanistic‐based cavitation model that considers nucleation, early‐stage growth, and sintering under creep–fatigue interaction is proposed to predict the number density of cavities ρ. Both the nucleation and early‐stage growth rates, controlled by grain boundary (GB) sliding under tension, are formulized as a function of local normal stress σn. Cavity sintering that occurs during the compression is governed by the unconstrained GB diffusion depending on the σn. Modeling results provide important insights into experimental load‐waveform design. First, test with initial compression promotes higher ρ compared to the initial tension, if the unbalanced hold time in favor of tension is satisfied. Second, the ρ value does not have a monotonic dependence on either the compressive hold time or stress, because of their competing effect on nucleation and sintering. Third, the optimum value of stress variation rate exists in terms of obtaining the highest ρ value due to sintering effect.
CREG1 improves diet‐induced obesity via uncoupling protein 1‐dependent manner in mice
Authors: Endo Yuki , Hashimoto Michihiro , Kusudo Tatsuya , Okada Tadashi , Takeuchi Tamaki , Goto Ayumi , Yamashita Hitoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThermogenic brown and beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and stimulate energy metabolism, protecting against obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Cellular repressor of E1A‐stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) can stimulate thermogenic fat formation, induce UCP1, and reduce diet‐induced obesity (DIO) in mice at normal room temperature. In this study, we investigated the effect of CREG1 administration and the importance of UCP1 in DIO inhibition under thermoneutral conditions at 30°C, which attenuate thermogenic fat formation. Interestingly, subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein via an osmotic pump in C57BL/6J mice for four weeks increased UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), inhibited visceral white fat hypertrophy with partial browning, and reduced DIO compared to that in PBS‐treated mice. The mRNA expression of energy metabolism‐related genes was significantly increased in the IBAT of CREG1‐treated mice compared to that in PBS‐treated mice. In contrast, adipocyte‐specific overexpression of CREG1 failed to improve DIO in UCP1‐knockout mice at thermoneutrality. Our results indicate the therapeutic potential of CREG1 administration for obesity under thermogenic fat‐attenuating conditions and highlight the indispensable role of UCP1 in the DIO‐inhibitory effect of CREG1.
Predictive value of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in terms of need for intensive care unit and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Oguz Ebru Gok , Yeter Haci Hasan , Akcay Omer Faruk , Besli Sevval , Selen Tamer , Derici Ulver , Sencan Irfan , Ayli Mehmet Deniz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe transmission risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 virus infection is increased in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and also the disease causes much higher mortality than the normal population. The aim of this study is to define the predictive value of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in terms of worse outcomes in MHD patients.MethodsA total of 123 MHD patients who had received inpatient care due to COVID‐19 infection were included in this multicentered retrospective study. Receiver operating curve analysis were plotted to illustrate C reactive protein (C‐rp), systemic inflammatory index (SII) and NLR best cut‐off values for estimation of need for intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality. Multivariate regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to determine the association between C‐rp, SII and NLR and mortality.ResultsTwenty‐eight (23%) patients with MHD were dead due to COVID‐19. Nonsurvivor patients was significantly older than the survivors (p < 0.001) and also had higher rates of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01) and coronary artery disease (p = 0.02). Cox regression analysis revealed that NLR >5.17 significantly associated with mortality [HR: 6.508, p < 0.001]. Similarly, SII > 726 [HR: 3.124, p = 0.006] and C‐rp > 88 [HR: 4.590, p = 0.002] were significantly associated with mortality due to COVID‐19 in hospitalized MHD patients. Multivarite logistic regression analysis showed that age older than 60 years, higher ferritin, and NLR > 5.17 were independent factors associated with mortality.ConclusionNLR had favorable predictive value than the C‐rp and SII in terms of need for ICU and mortality in MHD patients. Determining the poor prognosis with simple and easily applicable markers may reduce mortality in these patients with early supportive treatments.
Influence of ultrasonic pretreatment on structural properties and biological activities of lupin protein hydrolysate
Authors: Fadimu Gbemisola J. , Farahnaky Asgar , Gill Harsharn , Truong Tuyen 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis study examined how application of ultrasound pretreatment (UP) (400 W, 20 kHz for 5, 10 min) influenced the structural characteristics, molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition and biological activity of hydrolysate prepared from lupin protein using protamex enzyme. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques revealed changes in secondary structure after UP, while changes in molecular weight pattern were revealed by SDS‐PAGE and MALDI‐TOF analyses. Also, the crystallinity and surface hydrophobicity of the hydrolysates were affected by UP. The amino acid compositions of the hydrolysate varied, especially glutamic acid, arginine and aspartic acid. In vitro biological assays showed that antioxidant, α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and ACE inhibitory activities significantly improved in sonicated hydrolysates compared with non‐sonicated samples, and this may be linked to the structural modifications caused by UP. Hence, the application of UP to lupin protein could en hance the biological activity of its hydrolysate.
Synthesis and antibacterial properties of new monomethyl fumaric acid‐modified chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives
Authors: Zhao Lingyu , Khan Imran Mahmood , Wang Bin , Yue Lin , Zhang Yin , Wang Zhouping , Xia Wenshui 
Published: January 2022

SummaryInventions into chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) derivatives over recent decades have hugely broadened their application in food safety. Herein, monomethyl fumaric acid (MFA) was grafted on the OH position of COS to synthesise new COS‐O‐MFA derivatives and evaluated their in vitro antibacterial properties. The degrees of substitution (DS) of the derivatives yielded almost 15% with the range of 0.093 to 0.260. The in vitro antibacterial properties of the new COS‐O‐MFA1‐3 derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were significantly enhanced concerning COS. Based on the finding, the introduction of MFA and increasing DS have a great impact on the enhancement of antibacterial properties of the COS‐O‐MFA1‐3 derivatives. This work proves that COS‐O‐MFA1‐3 derivatives can be potential novel antibacterial agents and also open up a new avenue to improve their antibacterial attributes.
Understanding the binder chemistry, microstructure, and physical properties of volcanic ash phosphate geopolymer binder
Authors: Djobo Jean Noël Yankwa , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work aims to assess the influence of the chemical composition of the binder resulting from the reaction of phosphoric acid and volcanic ash on its final characteristics. Six initial compositions of volcanic ash phosphate geopolymer with molar ratios Fe/P of 0.27, 0.5, 0.54, 0.81, 1, and 1.5 were designed by adding various dosages of phosphoric acid to volcanic ash. The results show that the hardening time increases with the decrease of molar ratios Fe/P. An excess of phosphoric acid leads to an unstable binder that is partially destroyed with the aging of the binder. The volcanic ash phosphate geopolymer with molar ratios of Fe/P = 0.5–0.54 has the optimum compressive strength (49–53 MPa at 90 days), the lowest water absorption (8.8‐9.5 wt.%) as well as porosity (18–19.6 vol.%). The main binder is a porous phase of ferro‐silico‐aluminophosphate. Secondary phases were also identified in some mixes including ferro‐aluminophosphate and magnesium phosphate.
The role of E2A in ATPR‐induced cell differentiation and cycle arrest in acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Zhang Meiju , Wang Long‐fei , Xu Xiaoling , Du Yan , Li Lanlan , Deng Ge , Feng Yubin , Ou Ziyao , Wang Ke , Xu Yayun , Peng Xiaoqing , Chen Feihu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous disease with an overall poor prognosis; thus, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Our previous studies showed that 4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐phenyl retinate (ATPR), a new derivative of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA), could induce AML cell differentiation and cycle arrest. The current study aimed to determine the potential pharmacological mechanisms of ATPR therapies against AML. Our findings showed that E2A was overexpressed in AML specimens and cell lines, and mediate AML development by inactivating the P53 pathway. The findings indicated that E2A expression and activity decreased with ATPR treatment. Furthermore, we determined that E2A inhibition could enhance the effect of ATPR‐induced AML cell differentiation and cycle arrest, whereas E2A overexpression could reverse this effect, suggesting that the E2A gene plays a crucial role in AML. We identified P53 and c‐Myc were downstream pathways and targets for silencing E2A cells using RNA sequencing, which are involved in the progression of AML. Taken together, these results confirmed that ATPR inhibited the expression of E2A/c‐Myc, which led to the activation of the P53 pathway, and induced cell differentiation and cycle arrest in AML.
The role of fibroblast growth factor 8 in cartilage development and disease
Authors: Chen Haoran , Cui Yujia , Zhang Demao , Xie Jing , Zhou Xuedong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF‐8), also known as androgen‐induced growth factor (AIGF), is presumed to be a potent mitogenic cytokine that plays important roles in early embryonic development, brain formation and limb development. In the bone environment, FGF‐8 produced or received by chondrocyte precursor cells binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), causing different levels of activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ)/Ca2+, RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐extracellular regulated protein kinases (RAS/MAPK‐MEK‐ERK), and Wnt‐β‐catenin‐Axin2 signalling, and ultimately controlling chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, cell survival and migration. However, the molecular mechanism of FGF‐8 in normal or pathological cartilage remains unclear, and thus, FGF‐8 represents a novel exploratory target for studies of chondrocyte development and cartilage disease progression. In this review, studies assessing the relationship between FGF‐8 and chondrocytes that have been published in the past 5 years are systematically summarized to determine the probable mechanism and physiological effect of FGF‐8 on chondrocytes. Based on the existing research results, a therapeutic regimen targeting FGF‐8 is proposed to explore the possibility of treating chondrocyte‐related diseases.
The comparative in vitro killing activity of tea tree oil versus permethrin on Demodex folliculorum of rosacea patients
Authors: Yurekli Aslan , Botsali Ayşenur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDemodex mites have been implicated in several cutaneous disorders compelling the research efforts for effective anti‐Demodex therapy.ObjectiveCompare the survival time (ST) of Demodex folliculorum exposed to six different concentrations of tea tree oil (TTO) versus a positive control (permethrin 5%) and a negative control (immersion oil) group.Materials and methodsThe wastes of rosacea patients’ standardized superficial skin biopsy samples were recruited for the trial. The primary outcome measure of this study was the survival time, defined as the period between the exposure of study agents to the complete cessation of Demodex movements.ResultsAll differences between the mean survival times of 2.5% (54.0 ± 6.1), 5% (39.0 ± 3.9), 10% (22.0 ± 2.5), 25% (13.0 ± 2.5), 50% (7.8 ± 0.6), and 100% TTO (3.3 ± 1.3) were significant (p < 0.05). The ST of the negative control group was 196.0 ± 23.6 min. The ST of permethrin 5% was 12.5 ± 1.9 that did not show a statistically significant difference from the ST of TTO 25% (p = 0.628).ConclusionThe survival times of the six different TTO groups confirmed a dose‐related pattern, all of which had survival times shorter than the negative control (immersion oil). TTO 25% had comparable efficacy to the positive control agent (permethrin 5%).
Esophageal varices in dogs: A retrospective case series
Authors: Slead Tanner S. , Gremillion Christine L. , Cohen Eli B. , Tolbert M. Katherine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal varices (EV) are abnormally dilated veins in the esophagus caused by alterations of blood flow or pressure. Esophageal variceal hemorrhage is a major complication of hepatic disease in humans, but a lack of information exists regarding associated adverse events in dogs.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical manifestations and associated etiologies and outcomes of dogs with EV.AnimalsTwenty‐five client‐owned dogs with EV diagnosed via computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, or fluoroscopy.MethodsRetrospective case series. Cases were identified by review of the hospital imaging records database between 2010 and 2020. Signalment, clinical signs, and outcomes were documented. When present, additional collateral vasculature was also recorded. Cases were subcategorized into suspected etiology based upon the anatomic location or absence of an attributable underlying disease process, as well as the direction of blood flow.ResultsTwenty‐four of 25 cases were identified via CT, with a prevalence of 0.012% (24/1950 total studies). Presenting clinical signs were nonspecific, and more likely because of the underlying cause as opposed to complications secondary to EV themselves. Etiologic anatomic locations were similar in occurrence between the abdomen (N = 14) and thorax (N = 11). All cases with an abdominal etiologic location had presumed or confirmed portal hypertension and 9/11 cases with a thoracic etiologic location had pulmonary, caval, or systemic hypertension. No cases died or were euthanized as a direct result of EV or associated hemorrhage.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEsophageal varices are rarely reported in dogs and commonly identified concurrently with portal, pulmonary, and caval hypertension. Hemorrhage is not a common clinical manifestation of EV.
Hip abductor weakness in anti‐signal recognition particle antibody‐positive myopathy
Authors: Yamada Takayuki , Kobayashi Zen , Inoue Keisuke , Tomimitsu Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 40‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐month history of progressive weakness of the four limbs. On examination, weakness of the hip abductor was marked. While walking, shoulder sway was noted as a compensation for hip abductor weakness. Blood tests showed a marked elevation of creatine kinase (CK) level and the presence of anti‐signal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies. Thigh muscle MRI demonstrated the presence of inflammation in various muscles including the gluteus medius. Clinicians should consider the possibility of anti‐SRP antibody‐positive myopathy in patients presenting with hip abductor weakness in a subacute onset.
Bundle theory and weak discernibility
Authors: Lee Seungil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBundle Theory is the view that every concrete particular object is solely constituted by its universals. This theory is often criticized for not accommodating the possibility of symmetrical universes, such as one that contains two indiscernible spheres two meters from each other in otherwise empty space. One bundle theoretic solution to this criticism holds that the fact that the spheres stand in aweakly discerning—i.e., irreflexive and symmetric—relation, such asbeing two meters from, is sufficient for the numerical diversity of the spheres. For this solution to be effective, however, it should be established that weak discernibility not only necessitates but alsoexplainsnumerical diversity. In this paper, I argue that the fact that two objects have a certain distance between them does explain why they are non‐identical. I also argue that the worry that the weak discernibility approach has some circularity problems is not well‐founded.
Factors associated with the well‐being of family caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Wu Qian , Yamaguchi Yuko , Greiner Chieko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundImproving the health and well‐being of family caregivers of people with dementia has become an increasingly important public health and policy issue in China. The aims of this study were to clarify the factors associated with the well‐being of family caregivers of people with dementia in China.MethodsData were collected from a sample of 132 family caregivers who volunteered to study and live together with people with dementia who had been treated as outpatients in three hospitals in China. The survey included questions on the family caregivers' characteristics, satisfaction with family support, positive aspects of caregiving, preparedness of caregiving, and characteristics of people with dementia. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with the well‐being of family caregivers.ResultsThe mean age of the family caregivers (68.2% women) was 46.8 ± 14.9 years. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that positive aspects of caregiving (β = 0.352, P < 0.001), satisfaction with family support (β = 0.219, P < 0.01), activities of daily living of people with dementia (β = 0.265, P < 0.05), and household size (β = –0.184, P < 0.05) were related to the well‐being of family caregivers.ConclusionsThe findings from this study indicated that positive aspects of caregiving, satisfaction with family support, activities of daily living of people with dementia, and household size were significant factors related to the well‐being of family caregivers. These findings could be expected to aid healthcare providers in identifying the optimal solution to enhance the well‐being of family caregivers in China.
Penalized angular regression for personalized predictions
Authors: Hellton Kristoffer H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPersonalization is becoming an important aspect of many predictive applications. We introduce a penalized regression method which inherently implements personalization. Personalized angle (PAN) regression constructs regression coefficients that are specific to the covariate vector for which one is producing a prediction, thus personalizing the regression model itself. This is achieved by penalizing the normalized prediction for a given covariate vector. The method therefore penalizes the normalized regression coefficients, or the angles of the regression coefficients in a hyperspherical parametrization, introducing a new angle‐based class of penalties. PAN hence combines two novel concepts: penalizing the normalized coefficients and personalization. For an orthogonal design matrix, we show that the PAN estimator is the solution to a low‐dimensional eigenvector equation. Based on the hyperspherical parametrization, we construct an efficient algorithm to calculate the PAN estimator. We propose a parametric bootstrap procedure for selecting the tuning parameter, and simulations show that PAN regression can outperform ordinary least squares, ridge regression and other penalized regression methods in terms of prediction error. Finally, we demonstrate the method in a medical application.
Survey of current trends in the management of traumatic subcutaneous emphysema in dogs
Authors: Kramer Leah M. , Walton Karie L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous emphysema (SCE) is a common occurrence in emergency veterinary practice, but published information regarding treatment and management strategies is lacking. This study examined trends in diagnostic and treatment recommendations.Study designAn internet‐based survey with cross‐sectional analysis. There were 129 respondents: board‐certified and nonboard‐certified veterinarians in private practice and university settings.Key findingsSignificant differences in the choice of diagnostics and treatment were found based on the etiology and severity of SCE and between respondent groups. Computed tomography (CT) was selected more frequently for SCE resulting from blunt or penetrating traumas by the board‐certified veterinarians practicing in a teaching hospital (VTH group; P < 0.001). All veterinarians were more likely to select tracheobronchoscopy as part of their workup for SCE as a result of endotracheal intubation trauma (P = 0.0093 [penetrating traumas]; P = 0.0002 [blunt force traumas]). Intermittent SC drainage and ventral cervical exploratory surgery were more likely to be chosen as treatments when SCE was classified as severe generalized (P < 0.0001).SignificanceThere is significant variation in the treatment of SCE in veterinary medicine as well as associated diagnostics to determine severity and treatment options. Further studies are indicated to determine the optimal approach and provide guidance to clinicians.