bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer learning of clinical outcomes from preclinical molecular data, principles and perspectives
Authors: Kowald Axel , Barrantes Israel , Möller Steffen , Palmer Daniel , Murua Escobar Hugo , Schwerk Anne , Fuellen Georg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccurate transfer learning of clinical outcomes from one cellular context to another, between cell types, developmental stages, omics modalities or species, is considered tremendously useful. When transferring a prediction task from a source domain to a target domain, what counts is the high quality of the predictions in the target domain, requiring states or processes common to both the source and the target that can be learned by the predictor reflected by shared denominators. These may form a compendium of knowledge that is learned in the source to enable predictions in the target, usually with few, if any, labeled target training samples to learn from. Transductive transfer learning refers to the learning of the predictor in the source domain, transferring its outcome label calculations to the target domain, considering the same task. Inductive transfer learning considers cases where the target predictor is performing a different yet related task as compared with the source predictor. Often, there is also a need to first map the variables in the input/feature spaces and/or the variables in the output/outcome spaces. We here discuss and juxtapose various recently published transfer learning approaches, specifically designed (or at least adaptable) to predict clinical (human in vivo) outcomes based on preclinical (mostly animal-based) molecular data, towards finding the right tool for a given task, and paving the way for a comprehensive and systematic comparison of the suitability and accuracy of transfer learning of clinical outcomes.
Attention-based Knowledge Graph Representation Learning for Predicting Drug-drug Interactions
Authors: Su Xiaorui , Hu Lun , You Zhuhong , Hu Pengwei , Zhao Bowei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) are known as the main cause of life-threatening adverse events, and their identification is a key task in drug development. Existing computational algorithms mainly solve this problem by using advanced representation learning techniques. Though effective, few of them are capable of performing their tasks on biomedical knowledge graphs (KGs) that provide more detailed information about drug attributes and drug-related triple facts. In this work, an attention-based KG representation learning framework, namely DDKG, is proposed to fully utilize the information of KGs for improved performance of DDI prediction. In particular, DDKG first initializes the representations of drugs with their embeddings derived from drug attributes with an encoder–decoder layer, and then learns the representations of drugs by recursively propagating and aggregating first-order neighboring information along top-ranked network paths determined by neighboring node embeddings and triple facts. Last, DDKG estimates the probability of being interacting for pairwise drugs with their representations in an end-to-end manner. To evaluate the effectiveness of DDKG, extensive experiments have been conducted on two practical datasets with different sizes, and the results demonstrate that DDKG is superior to state-of-the-art algorithms on the DDI prediction task in terms of different evaluation metrics across all datasets.
Effects of exposure to elevated temperature and different food levels on the escape response and metabolism of early life stages of white seabream, Diplodus sargus
Authors: Almeida João , Lopes Ana Rita , Ribeiro Laura , Castanho Sara , Candeias-Mendes Ana , Pousão-Ferreira Pedro , Faria Ana M 
Published: March 2022

abstract
Recent literature suggests that anthropogenic stressors can disrupt ecologically relevant behaviours in fish, such as the ability to escape from predators. Disruption of these behaviours at critical life history transitions, such as the transition from the pelagic environment to the juvenile/adult habitat, may have even greater repercussions. The literature suggests that an increase in temperature can affect fish escape response, as well as metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the acute sensitivity responses and the potential for acclimation through developmental plasticity. Here, we aimed at evaluating the acute and long-term effects of exposure to warming conditions on the escape response and routine metabolic rate (RMR) of early life stages of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus. Additionally, as food availability may modulate the response to warming, we further tested the effects of long-term exposure to high temperature and food shortage, as individual and interacting drivers, on escape response and RMR. Temperature treatments were adjusted to ambient temperature (19°C) and a high temperature (22°C). Feeding treatments were established as high ration and low ration (50% of high ration). Escape response and RMR were measured after the high temperature was reached (acute exposure) and after 4 weeks (prolonged exposure). Acute warming had a significant effect on escape response and generated an upward trend in RMR. In the long term, however, there seems to be an acclimation of the escape response and RMR. Food shortage, interacting with high temperature, led to an increase in latency response and a significant reduction in RMR. The current study provides relevant experimental data on fishes’ behavioural and physiological responses to the combined effects of multiple stressors. This knowledge can be incorporated in recruitment models, thereby contributing to fine-tuning of models required for fisheries management and species conservation.
Risks of Development of COVID-19 Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comparative Assessment of Risk Factors for Incident Infection
Authors: Long Millie D , Zhang Xian , Lewis James D , Melmed Gil Y , Siegel Corey A , Cerciello Emily , Dobes Angela , Weaver Alandra , Weisbein Laura , Kappelman Michael D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at risk for development of COVID-19 infection due to innate immune dysfunction and/or immunosuppressive medication use.

Methods
In a prospective cohort of adult IBD patients, we captured data on clinical risk factors and IBD medication utilization. The outcome of interest was development of patient-reported laboratory confirmed COVID-19. We calculated incidence rate and performed bivariate analyses to describe the effects of risk factors (age, immunosuppression use, obesity, and race) on development of COVID-19. We utilized logistic regression models to determine the independent risks associated with each factor.

Results
A total of 3953 patients with IBD were followed for a mean duration of 212 days (SD 157). A total of 103 individuals developed COVID-19 during follow-up (2.6%, rate of 45 per 1000 person-years). Severity of infection was generally mild. Clinical characteristics were similar among those who developed COVID-19 as compared to not. African American race was associated with incident COVID-19 infection (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.18–9.59). Immunosuppression use was not associated with development of COVID-19 (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.72–1.75), nor was age (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.02), nor obesity (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.61–1.66).

Conclusions
Immunosuppression use did not increase the risk of development of COVID-19. Therapeutic management of IBD should not be altered to prevent a risk of developing COVID-19.
Large-scale genetic structure of Quercus robur in its eastern distribution range enables assignment of unknown seed sources
Authors: Degen Bernd , Yanbaev Yulai , Ianbaev Ruslan , Blanc-Jolivet Celine , Mader Malte , Bakhtina Svetlana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pedunculate oak is seen as an alternative to other tree species for reforestation and mitigation programs in the face of climate change. Thus, the identification of suitable, well-adapted seed sources is of high priority. We perform a genetic inventory on 970 trees from 97 locations in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Latvia representing the eastern part of the natural species range. All samples were screened with a set of 348 gene markers covering the nuclear (n = 327) and the organelle genomes (chloroplast: n = 14, mitochondria: n = 7) using a genotyping-by-sequencing method. We identified 10 plastidial haplotypes, which showed a strong spatial pattern with a highly significant autocorrelation up to a range of 600 km. After excluding 47 potentially selected markers, significant spatial genetic structure up to 800 km was also observed at the selectively neutral nuclear loci. Bayesian clustering analysis indicated a sub-division into two gene pools present at all locations but with a shift of proportion from West to East. The genetic diversity was negatively correlated with longitude, showing higher values in the West and Centre and lower values at the northern, eastern and southeastern edges of the natural distribution range. We sub-divided the sampled area into six geographic regions and used the genetic composition of all samples in each region as a genetic reference for assignment tests. Self-assignment of groups of 10 individuals to their region of origin showed an average assignment success of 93 per cent. Samples of three artificial plantations of pedunculate oak in Siberia could be clearly assigned to the East–North and Centre–South regions. We discuss the implications of our results for the forest practice and in particular the proofing of seed sources.
Gender Bias in the Study of Genital Evolution: Females Continue to Receive Less Attention than Males
Authors: Orbach D N 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evolution of female genitalia has historically received less attention than male reproductive organs. Several papers have underscored the disparities in research efforts, but have calls for change resonated with the scientific community and rectified the skew? A literature review was conducted of journal articles published between 2013 through 2021 that explore genital evolution to determine if gender bias (sex of research subject) and imbalance (sex of researcher) have changed. Of the 334 articles that specifically explored genital evolution, first authors of both sexes published on female genitalia less than half as often as male genitalia, although the majority of authors published on genitalia of both sexes. First authors of both sexes mentioned females after males substantially more often than females before males. Female first authors published the most about genital evolution in all taxa except for insects and arachnids. Female first authors published in high impact journals marginally less often than male first authors. Articles about genital evolution across taxa generally had high impact factors, but how impact factors and number of citations varied by the sex of the subject was not clear. Although the number of studies exploring genital co-evolution between the sexes has increased across taxa and years, female genitalia continue to be researched less often than male genitalia when only one sex is investigated. Both female and male scientists are publishing in the field of genital evolution, although research on female subjects continue to lag behind males, demonstrating continued bias within the discipline.
Drosophila suzukiiManagement in Latin America: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello , Lasa Rodrigo , Funes Claudia F , Buzzetti Karina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, was first established in Latin America in Mexico in 2011. The vinegar fly has since been detected in 296 municipalities in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay. Drosophila suzukii is polyphagous and is found on 64 host plants in 25 families in Latin America, with most hosts also exotic species. In Latin America, D. suzukii is attacked by 14 species of parasitoid wasps in the families Diapriidae, Figitidae, and Pteromalidae, which are promising native parasitoids for control of the pest. This article analyzes results from studies on monitoring, biological, chemical, and cultural control, and sterile insect techniques to provide a basis for the development of area-wide and sustainable D. suzukii management programs in Latin America. The review examines how D. suzukii has been managed in Latin America and how research conducted in this region can contribute to management of the species in other parts of the world.
Data Manipulation through Patronage Networks: Evidence from Environmental Emissions in China
Authors: Tang Xiao , Wang Yinglun , Yi Hongtao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractData manipulation is considered one of the most pernicious forms of information distortion that challenges the effectiveness of the principals in monitoring agents. This study investigates factors influencing the behaviors of data manipulation from the perspective of patronage networks. Patronage networks feature a reciprocal exchange between patrons who control appealing resources and clients who ask for protection and benefits from the patrons. We hypothesize that in a three-tier principal–supervisor–agent model, agents favored in the patronage network would receive tacit permission and protection from the supervisor, and hence be encouraged to falsify performance data and game the principal. The empirical results, using panel regression models based on officially reported and satellite-observed environmental emissions data in China, suggest that cities with leaders favored in the patronage network present a stronger tendency for data manipulation. This study has theoretical implications for understanding the impact of informal institutions on performance management.
To Act or Not to Act? How Client Progression Affects Purposeful Performance Information Use at the Frontlines
Authors: Mikkelsen Maria Falk , Pedersen Mogens Jin , Petersen Niels Bjørn Grund 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPublic service organizations periodically collect and disseminate performance information that enables frontline employees to act based on two aspects of performance: current performance (how is the client performing right now?) and performance progression (is the client performing better, similarly, or worse than previously?). Yet knowledge of how frontline employees use performance information about their clients’ performance progression remains limited. Building on cognitive psychology and street-level bureaucracy research, this article theorizes and tests how information on changes in client performance over time affects frontline employees’ performance information use. We develop a theoretical framework that comprises three competing hypotheses on how performance progression information (on performance improvement, performance stability, and performance deterioration) shapes purposeful performance information use at the frontlines of public services delivery. Each hypothesis relates to a distinct cognitive bias: needed-deservingness bias, negativity bias, and change-react bias. Using a pre-registered survey experiment among Danish public school teachers (n = 925), we find support for the change-react bias. Teachers are more inclined to take behavioral action when presented with performance progression information showing change (either improvement or deterioration) relative to no change (stability) in student performance. These results expand our understanding of performance information use at the frontlines by suggesting that frontline employees process performance information showing change different from performance information showing stability.
Insights into sex-related size and shape dimorphism in Semisulcospira niponica (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea: Semisulcospiridae)
Authors: Sawada Naoto , Nakano Takafumi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Considerable intraspecific variation has been known in the shell morphology of the freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira. However, sexual dimorphism and allometric growth have not been elucidated in the genus, although these factors contribute to generating intraspecific variation. We used a combination of geometric and traditional morphometrics methods (GMM and TMM) in a single population of Semisulcospira niponica to assess sex-related differences in shell size and shape at maturity. The results of a generalized Procrustes analysis of variance revealed significant differences in shell size and shape between males and females. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed allometric differences between males and females; Principal component (PC) 1 values and their overlap between the sexes decreased with size. PC1 explained 35.5% of the total variance, which corresponded to vertical elongation of the shell spire and aperture, and broadening of the shell. The results of a canonical variate analysis using the ten largest specimens of each sex showed that females have less elongate shells with rounder apertures and a broader body and penultimate whorls than males. TMM using nine morphological characters supported shell morphological differences between the sexes and correlations between shell size and shape associated with different growth stages. However, GMM was more sensitive for detecting shape differences than TMM. For example, TMM explained the observed increase in shell diameter primarily as a function of size, whereas GMM detected sex-related differences in shell diameter as shape differences between the sexes. Furthermore, dimorphism and allometry in shell sculpture traits could be explored only by TMM. For accurate evaluation of shell morphology in Semisulcospira, it is important to use larger specimens after separating males and females since the present results revealed intersex differences in size and shape, some of which become more evident with age. It is also essential to employ both GMM and TMM because the two methods capture different aspects of morphological variation in shell outline and sculpture.
Are Marriage-Related Taxes and Social Security Benefits Holding Back Female Labour Supply?
Authors: Borella Margherita , De Nardi Mariacristina , Yang Fang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the US, both taxes and old-age social security benefits depend on one’s marital status and tend to reduce the labour supply of the secondary earner. To what extent are these provisions holding back the female labour supply? We estimate a rich dynamic life-cycle model of labour supply and savings for couples and singles using the Method of Simulated Moments for the 1945 and 1955 birth cohorts. Our model matches well the life-cycle profiles of labour market participation, hours, and savings for married and single people, and generates plausible elasticities of labour supply. It implies that eliminating these marriage-related provisions would drastically increase the participation of married women over their entire life cycle, reduce the participation of married men after age 60, and increase savings. If the resulting government surplus were used to lower income taxation, there would be large welfare gains for the vast majority of the population. These results hold for both cohorts, including the later one, which has participation similar to that of more recent generations.
Sentiment Analysis Surrounding Blepharoplasty in Online Health Forums
Authors: Lu Tracy J. , Nguyen Anne Xuan-Lan , Trinh Xuan-Vi , Wu Albert Y. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Upper and lower blepharoplasty are among the most common procedures in aesthetic surgery and are often emotionally laden due to the subjective nature of outcomes and implications with beauty and self-identity. This article capitalizes on the increasing wealth of patient-provided health information online and is the first to analyze the emotions surrounding blepharoplasty discussions in an open internet health forum, MedHelp.

Methods:
We used Python to scrape MedHelp for threads that contained “blepharoplasty” and then used IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding to perform sentiment analyses, calculating a general sentiment score (−1 to +1) as well as emotion scores for anger, sadness, joy, fear, and disgust (0 to 1) for posts and keywords contained within the posts. Keywords were then manually grouped into five distinct clinical categories: symptoms, doctor, treatment, medication, and body.

Results:
We collected 52 threads containing “blepharoplasty,” yielding 154 posts and 1365 keywords. The average sentiment score was negative among all posts (−0.15) and keywords (−0.30). Among all posts and keywords, sadness had the highest score and disgust had the lowest score.

Conclusions:
Fear and sadness are the predominant emotions for blepharoplasty patients online, and the most negative symptoms cited are not ones that surgeons typically expect.
Changes in Defense Mechanisms in Mothers From Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpregnancy
Authors: Porcerelli John H. , Richardson Laura A. , Smith Justin D. , Huth-Bocks Alissa C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess changes in maternal defensive functioning from the third trimester of pregnancy to 2 years postpregnancy. A community sample of at-risk mothers (N = 84; non-White [61%], unmarried [67%], high school or less education [72%], and income less than $20,000 [50%]) were recruited for this longitudinal study. Mothers responded to a semistructured interview during pregnancy and at 2 years postpregnancy about the parent-infant relationship; interview transcripts were coded using the Defense Mechanism Rating Scale (DMRS). Results indicated a significant increase in both total defense mechanisms used and the relative percentage of immature defense mechanisms used over time. A significant decrease in the relative percentage of healthy/adaptive defenses was noted. When all seven levels of defenses of the DMRS were assessed, it was an increase in minor image-distorting defenses, mechanisms that supported vulnerable self-esteem, that accounted for most of the change in immature defenses. Stability coefficients of defense mechanisms were reported, with large effect sizes, for overall defensive functioning, and mature and immature defenses over a 2-year period. These findings lend support to the importance of assessing defense mechanisms to better understand stressful life transitions in mothers.
Association of Phlebotomy on Blood Product Transfusion Requirements During Liver Transplantation: An Observational Cohort Study on 1000 Cases
Authors: Massicotte Luc , Hevesi Zoltan , Zaouter Cédrick , Thibeault Lynda , Karakiewicz Pierre , Roy Louise , Roy André 
Published: March 2022

Background.
During the past 2 decades, transfusion requirements have decreased drastically during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and transfusion-free transplantation is nowadays increasingly common. Understanding that liberal intravenous volume loading in cirrhotic patients may have detrimental consequences is key. In contrast, phlebotomy is a method to lower central venous pressure and portal venous pressure. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of phlebotomy in the early phase of blood transfusion, blood loss, renal function, and mortality.

Methods.
The present study evaluated the impact of phlebotomy on bleeding, transfusion rate, renal dysfunction, and mortality in 1000 consecutive OLTs. Two groups were defined and compared using phlebotomy. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to determine predictors of bleeding, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, renal dysfunction, and mortality.

Results.
A mean of 0.7 ± 1.5 RBC units was transfused per patient for 1000 OLTs, 75% did not receive any RBCs, and the median and interquartile range (25–75) were 0 for all blood products transfused. The phlebotomy was associated with decreased transfusion (RBCs, plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, albumin), with less bleeding, and with an increased survival rate, both 1 mo and 1 y. Phlebotomy was not associated with renal dysfunction.

Conclusions.
The practice of phlebotomy to lower portal venous pressure was associated with reduced blood product transfusions and blood loss during liver dissection without deleterious effect on renal function.