bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of gravity and compression on interstitial fluid transport in the lower limb
Authors: Baish James W. , Padera Timothy P. , Munn Lance L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEdema in the limbs can arise from pathologies such as elevated capillary pressures due to failure of venous valves, elevated capillary permeability from local inflammation, and insufficient fluid clearance by the lymphatic system. The most common treatments include elevation of the limb, compression wraps and manual lymphatic drainage therapy. To better understand these clinical situations, we have developed a comprehensive model of the solid and fluid mechanics of a lower limb that includes the effects of gravity. The local fluid balance in the interstitial space includes a source from the capillaries, a sink due to lymphatic clearance, and movement through the interstitial space due to both gravity and gradients in interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). From dimensional analysis and numerical solutions of the governing equations we have identified several parameter groups that determine the essential length and time scales involved. We find that gravity can have dramatic effects on the fluid balance in the limb with the possibility that a positive feedback loop can develop that facilitates chronic edema. This process involves localized tissue swelling which increases the hydraulic conductivity, thus allowing the movement of interstitial fluid vertically throughout the limb due to gravity and causing further swelling. The presence of a compression wrap can interrupt this feedback loop. We find that only by modeling the complex interplay between the solid and fluid mechanics can we adequately investigate edema development and treatment in a gravity dependent limb.
Metagenomic mining and structure-function studies of a hyper-thermostable cellobiohydrolase from hot spring sediment
Authors: Takeda Migiwa , Baba Seiki , Okuma Jiro , Hirose Yoshitsugu , Nishimura Asuka , Takata Masaki , Oda Kohei , Shibata Daisuke , Kumasaka Takashi , Kondo Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEnzymatic breakdown is an attractive cellulose utilisation method with a low environmental load. Its high temperature operation could promote saccharification and lower contamination risk. Here we report a hyper-thermostable cellobiohydrolase (CBH), named HmCel6A and its variant HmCel6A-3SNP that were isolated metagenomically from hot spring sediments and expressed in Escherichia coli. They are classified into glycoside hydrolases family 6 (GH6). HmCel6A-3SNP had three amino acid replacements to HmCel6A (P88S/L230F/F414S) and the optimum temperature at 95 °C, while HmCel6A did it at 75 °C. Crystal structure showed conserved features among GH6, a (β/α)8-barrel core and catalytic residues, and resembles TfCel6B, a bacterial CBH II of Thermobifida fusca, that had optimum temperature at 60 °C. From structure-function studies, we discuss unique structural features that allow the enzyme to reach its high thermostability level, such as abundance of hydrophobic and charge-charge interactions, characteristic metal bindings and disulphide bonds. Moreover, structure and surface plasmon resonance analysis with oligosaccharides suggested that the contribution of an additional tryptophan located at the tunnel entrance could aid in substrate recognition and thermostability. These results may help to design efficient enzymes and saccharification methods for cellulose working at high temperatures.
Revealing the impact of strain in the optical properties of bubbles in monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Covre F. S. , Faria P. E. , Gordo V. O. , de Brito C. Serati , Zhumagulov Y. V. , Teodoro M. D. , Couto O. D. D. , Misoguti L. , Pratavieira S. , Andrade M. B. , Christianen P. C. M. , Fabian J. , Withers F. , Galvão Gobato Y. 
Published: March 2022

We have investigated the optical properties of strained MoSe2 monolayer bubbles at low temperature. We have observed a red-shift of the exciton and trion emissions, a reduction of the trion binding energy and an enhancement of the valley g-factors.
A robust platform to construct molecular patchy particles with a pentiptycene skeleton toward controlled mesoscale structures
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Yicong , Guo Qing-Yun , Wang Xiaoteng , Liu Yuchu , Bian Feng-Gang , Yan Xiao-Yun , Ni Bo , Cheng Stephen Z. D. 
Published: March 2022

A new pentiptycene skeleton with orthogonally reactive sites and inherent D2h-symmetry to construct molecular pathy particles toward mesoscale structures.
Prescription drugs and mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Schmidt Cameron A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mitochondria are central to the physiology and survival of nearly all eukaryotic cells and house diverse metabolic processes including oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species buffering, metabolite synthesis/exchange, and Ca2+ sequestration. Mitochondria are phenotypically heterogeneous and this variation is essential to the complexity of physiological function among cells, tissues, and organ systems. As a consequence of mitochondrial integration with so many physiological processes, small molecules that modulate mitochondrial metabolism induce complex systemic effects. In the case of many commonly prescribed drugs, these interactions may contribute to drug therapeutic mechanisms, induce adverse drug reactions, or both. The purpose of this article is to review historical and recent advances in the understanding of the effects of prescription drugs on mitochondrial metabolism. Specific ‘modes’ of xenobiotic–mitochondria interactions are discussed to provide a set of qualitative models that aid in conceptualizing how the mitochondrial energy transduction system may be affected. Findings of recent in vitro high-throughput screening studies are reviewed, and a few candidate drug classes are chosen for additional brief discussion (i.e. antihyperglycemics, antidepressants, antibiotics, and antihyperlipidemics). Finally, recent improvements in pharmacokinetics models that aid in quantifying systemic effects of drug–mitochondria interactions are briefly considered.
Self-Adjustment of Hearing Aid Amplification for Lower Speech Levels: Independent Ratings, Paired Comparisons, and Speech Recognition
Authors: Perry Trevor T. , Nelson Peggy B. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Self-adjustment of hearing aid amplification enables wearers to customize the hearing aid output to match their preferences and could become an important tool for programming direct-to-consumer devices for people with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. One risk is that user-selected settings may provide inadequate audibility. This study assessed that risk by quantifying relationships between self-adjusted settings, subjective preferences, and speech recognition performance using speech at low levels in quiet, where achieving high speech audibility requires sufficient amplification.

Method:
Fifteen people with symmetric, mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss self-adjusted hearing aid amplification while listening to speech in quiet at 45, 55, and 65 dBA. After self-adjustment, 11 participants made blinded ratings of their self-adjusted fit, their NAL-NL2 prescriptive fit, and experimenter-created fits with reduced gain. Participants completed blinded paired comparisons and sentence recognition assessments using these settings.

Results:
The gain of self-adjusted fits showed a large range of variability between participants. On average, self-adjusted gain was similar to NAL-NL2 prescribed gain for input signals of 55 dBA and slightly greater than prescribed gain for 45-dBA signals. Speech recognition scores for NAL-NL2 fits were consistently high, and differences in speech recognition results were strongly correlated with the overall preferences obtained from paired comparisons.

Conclusions:
Self-adjusted fits are highly variable between individuals for low-audibility conditions. Nonetheless, self-adjusted fits are at least as satisfactory as NAL-NL2 fits, and listeners tend to disfavor settings that result in poorer speech recognition. The findings argue against concerns that self-adjustment will result in inadequate audibility compared to prescribed settings.
Multichannel Perception of Emotion in Speech, Voice, Facial Expression, and Gesture in Individuals With Autism: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zhang Minyue , Chen Yu , Lin Yi , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:Numerous studies have identified individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with deficits in unichannel emotion perception and multisensory integration. However, only limited research is available on multichannel emotion perception in ASD. The purpose of this review was to seek conceptual clarification, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest directions for future research.Method:We conducted a scoping review of the literature published between 1989 and 2021, following the 2005 framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Data relating to study characteristics, task characteristics, participant information, and key findings on multichannel processing of emotion in ASD were extracted for the review.Results:Discrepancies were identified regarding multichannel emotion perception deficits, which are related to participant age, developmental level, and task demand. Findings are largely consistent regarding the facilitation and compensation of congruent multichannel emotional cues and the interference and disruption of incongruent signals. Unlike controls, ASD individuals demonstrate an overreliance on semantics rather than prosody to decode multichannel emotion.Conclusions:The existing literature on multichannel emotion perception in ASD is limited, dispersed, and disassociated, focusing on a variety of topics with a wide range of methodologies. Further research is necessary to quantitatively examine the impact of methodological choice on performance outcomes. An integrated framework of emotion, language, and cognition is needed to examine the mutual influences between emotion and language as well as the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural differences.Supplemental Material:https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19386176
Belastungsvorgaben nach distaler Femurfraktur - eine aktuelle Literaturübersicht
Authors: Braun Benedikt J. , Hofmann Kira , Rollmann Mika FR , Menger Maximilian M , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Ihle Christoph , Histing Tina , Herath Steven C. 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz der distalen Femurfraktur steigt gerade auch bei geriatrischen Patienten deutlich an. Grundsätzliches Ziel der Behandlung dieser Verletzung ist eine frühzeitige Mobilisation
der Patienten zur Prävention immobilisationsassoziierter Begleiterkrankungen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer steigenden Anzahl an Therapieoptionen, wie der Doppelplattenosteosynthese,
Nagel-Platte-Kombinationen sowie dem distalen Femurersatz, gewinnen Überlegungen zur möglichen Belastung nach der Versorgung einen neuen Stellenwert. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, die
bestehende Literatur der vergangenen 9 Jahre hinsichtlich Belastungsvorgaben und klinischer Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Therapieoptionen aufzuarbeiten und mit dem eigenen Vorgehen
abzugleichen.
Synthesis of (Z)-Cinnamate Esters by Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoinvertive Deoxygenation of trans-3-Arylglycidates
Authors: Akkarasamiyo Sunisa , Chitsomkhuan Saranya , Buakaew Supawadee , Samec Joseph S. M. , Chuawong Pitak , Kuntiyong Punlop 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a stereoinvertive deoxygenation of trans-3-arylglycidates as an alternative route to access thermodynamically less stable (Z)-cinnamate esters by using nickel triflate and triphenylphosphine. Broad functional-group tolerance was observed, with trans-3-arylglycidates containing methyl, methoxy, halo, or nitro groups affording the corresponding (Z)-cinnamate esters in high yields and with moderate to high E/Z ratios.
Production of thick Gd freestanding films for energy conversion applications
Authors: Ba Doan Nguyen , Becerra Loic , Marangolo Massimiliano , Almanza Morgan , LoBue Martino 
Published: March 2022

The use of magnetocaloric material in microelectromechanical energy conversion devices requires freestanding films with smooth surfaces to allow fast and efficient heat transfer. We present and discuss a mechanical method to produce freestanding thick Gadolinium films showing excellent magnetic properties, and high-quality surfaces on both sides. Polycrystalline Gd films have been prepared by sputtering on a silicon substrate with a thermally oxidized layer with different thicknesses. Films have been grown at 543 K. Tantalum and Tungsten have been used as buffer layers because of their corrosion resistance and of their thermal conductivity. The magnetic and surface properties of the freestanding films are presented, with special focus on the role of using different capping layers. Full characterizations of the three freestanding Gd films, including AFM measured surface roughness, XRD patterns, Curie temperature, thermo-magnetic curves, and maximum entropy change, are presented and discussed.
Anomalous magnetic properties of GdCrTiO5 nanoparticles
Authors: Bharati B. , Mohanty P. , Sheppard C. J. , Prinsloo A. R. E. 
Published: March 2022

In this report, the structural and magnetic properties of GdCrTiO5 nanoparticles were explored, which were synthesized through the sol-gel technique and subsequently calcined (at 800 °C). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the orthorhombic crystal structure of synthesized GdCrTiO5 nanoparticles with space group Pbam. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, showed the particle size as 38.0 ± 0.4 nm and single crystalline nature of the sample. The temperature dependence of dc magnetization, M(T), was measured for GdCrTiO5 nanoparticles, and different magnetic transitions were confirmed, including the spin reorientation (TSR), Néel temperature (TN) and compensation temperatures (Tcomp1 and Tcomp2) in the material. Irreversibility appeared in field-cool-cooling (FCC), and field-cool-warming (FCW) curves at low temperatures, indicating a ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic (FM-AFM) transition. Earlier, this FM-AFM transition and TSR, Tcomp was not observed in bulk GdCrTiO5. Both the FM nature and exchange bias (EB) effect are further established from the field-dependent magnetization measurements. Furthermore, a change in isothermal magnetic entropy (−ΔSm) of 22 ± 3 J.kg-1.K-1 is found below 10 K, for a 7 T difference in the field. The obtained magnetic properties in this report are discussed in terms of exchange frustration originating from the competing interactions of the magnetic sublattices of the Cr3+ and Gd3+ in the GdCrTiO5 nanoparticles.
Magnetocaloric effect in melt-spun rare earth intermetallic compound ErAl2
Authors: Prusty Mitali Madhusmita , Chelvane J. Arout , Morozkin A. V. , Gururaj Karanam , Pradeep K. G. , Paulose P. L. , Nirmala R. 
Published: March 2022

Laves phase rare earth intermetallic compound ErAl2 (Cubic, MgCu2-type) has been prepared by melt-spinning process. Analysis of powder X-ray diffraction data of melt-spun ErAl2 yields crystallite size of about 54 nm. Transmission electron microscopy image reveals particles of size ∼70 nm. The melt-spun ErAl2 orders ferromagnetically ∼10 K (TC) whereas the ferromagnetic ordering temperature is ∼14 K for the arc-melted ErAl2 compound. From the magnetization vs field data, isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) has been computed as a function of temperature near TC. The maximum ΔSm value in the melt-spun ErAl2 is ∼ −34 Jkg−1K−1 at 14 K for 70 kOe field change whereas the corresponding value in the arc-melted sample is ∼ −42 Jkg−1K−1 at 16 K. Thus, rapid solidification results in crystalline, coarse grained ErAl2 with submicron sized particles leading to only minor changes in the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties.
Sensitivity of rift tectonics to global variability in the efficiency of river erosion
Authors: Olive Jean-Arthur , Malatesta Luca C. , Behn Mark D. , Buck W. Roger 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The efficiency of erosion in leveling relief mainly depends on climate and strength of exposed rocks. However, whether erosion is sufficiently efficient to influence the architecture of a tectonic plate boundary remains a topic of debate. Here, we analyze continental rift landscapes reworked by river incision to assess a globally representative range of fluvial erosion efficiency. We then simulate crustal extension exposed to surface processes acting within this documented range. We find that more efficient erosion favors the growth of half-grabens over horsts, which can explain contrasting tectonic styles across the Basin and Range province and the East African Rift. This suggests that variability in Earth’s geological structures partly reflects variability in hydrological conditions and associated surface processes.
Structure and mechanism for iterative amide
N
-methylation in the biosynthesis of channel-forming peptide cytotoxins
Authors: Cogan Dillon P. , Bhushan Agneya , Reyes Reyvin , Zhu Lingyang , Piel Jörn , Nair Satish K. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The channel-forming proteusins are bacterial helical peptides that allow permeation of positively charged ions to influence membrane potential and cellular physiology. We biochemically characterize the effect of two critical posttranslational modifications on the secondary structure of the peptide substrate. We determine how a methyl group can be added to the side chains of D-Asn residues in a peptide substrate and show how flanking residues influence selectivity. These studies should foster the development of small-molecule peptide ion channels as therapeutics.
Adjustable object floating states based on three-segment three-phase contact line evolution
Authors: Li An , Li Huizeng , Zhao Zhipeng , Xue Luanluan , Li Zheng , Li Kaixuan , Li Mingzhu , Song Yanlin 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Adjusting the floating states when objects float on water shows great potential for assembly, mineral flotation, nanostructured construction, and floating robot design, but the real-time regulation of floating states is challenging. Inspired by the different floating states of a falling fruit, we propose a facile strategy to transform the object between different floating states based on a three-segment three-phase contact line evolution. In addition, the potential of floating state transformation in solar-powered water evaporation, interface catalysis, and drug delivery is demonstrated. These findings provide insights into floating regulation and show great potential for floating-related applications.
Breaking the mold
Authors: Barkley Katharina , Okamoto Emi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of CEO gender and ethnicity on crisis communication efforts in Japan. Literature on how Japanese perceive male/female and Japanese/non-Japanese leaders was examined, followed by a discussion of three major mechanisms through which gender and ethnicity can influence audience perceptions: (1) ingroup bias, (2) role congruity considerations, and (3) shifting standards and expectations. A 2 (crisis response) × 2 (CEO gender) × 2 (CEO ethnicity) between-subjects experimental design was employed to assess the impact of CEO gender and ethnicity on audience perceptions of the CEO and the organization in crisis. Results showed no negative effects of deviating from the stereotypical image of a male Japanese CEO. Rather, both being female and non-Japanese positively influenced perceptions of the CEO. However, only the effect of CEO ethnicity was reflected in judgements of organizational reputation.
Pitfalls of production data analysis for investigating L2 cognitive mechanism
Authors: Fukuta Junya , Nishimura Yoshito , Tamura Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the pitfalls of performance analysis in investigating cognitive processing during second
language (L2) learning. The problems that we discuss in this paper are twofold: (1) Assuming psychological variables to be
ontological entities without meeting the criteria for ontological reality and (2) Inappropriateness of assessing abilities based
on learner’s speaking or writing performance to investigate cognitive processes. By addressing these problems, we argue that some
latent variables postulated by observing L2 performance do not exist in reality and emphasize the difficulty of interpreting
cognitive mechanisms through performance analysis. We also enumerate some problems that arise from the epistemological
perspectives of previous research practice (e.g., the bifurcation of contradictory hypotheses and their indeterminacy). Finally,
two alternative approaches treating L2 performance are proposed. The implications of this line of discussion for future research
are also discussed.
Interface effects on heat dynamics in embedded metal nanoparticles during swift heavy ion irradiation
Authors: Jantunen Ville , Leino Aleksi , Veske Mihkel , Kyritsakis Andreas , Vázquez Muiños Henrique , Nordlund Kai , Djurabekova Flyura 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Swift heavy ion (SHI)-induced shape modification of metal nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in an insulating matrix has been reported in many experimental studies. The shaping process was studied theoretically by modeling transport of the heat generated by electron excitations during a SHI impact on the embedded NP. These models have assumed that the interface between the matrix and the metal does not alter the heat flow. However, the difference between the Fermi level of the metal and the bottom of the conduction band in the insulator may result in a significant energy barrier that obstructs the free flow of the heat carried by energetic electrons. Moreover, the interface may enhance electron-lattice scattering and resist lattice heat conduction. In this work, we use the finite-element method to solve partial differential equations for heat conduction through the interface between the metal NP and the insulating matrix including interface effects. Based on an exemplary case of a gold NP embedded in a silica matrix, we study how the processes at the interface may alter the heat transport through it. We observe that obstruction at the interface impacts mainly the timescale and efficiency of material melting. Each of the studied effects changes the size and shape of the NP regions, where the temperature rises above the melting point. Understanding the role of the interface on heat dynamics during SHI impacts can improve estimations of the maximal size of embedded NPs that are still susceptible to shape modification by energetic ions. The accuracy of model predictions can be crucial for the development of nanoscale optoelectronic applications.