bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of surgical site infection in combined anterior-posterior surgery for subaxial cervical fracture dislocation
Authors: Li Qing-Da , Yang Jun-Song , Li Shui-Xia , Wang Jing , Hu Jing , Wei Dong-Mei , Gong Han-Lin , Zhao Yuan-Ting , Liu Tuan-Jiang , He Bao-Rong , Hao Ding-Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: To explore the impact of related factors on the surgical site infection (SSI) after combined anterior-posterior surgery for subaxial cervical fracture dislocation (SCFD), and to provide a basis for formulating preventive measures.Methods: A total of 841 patients (531 males and 310 females, aged 24-68 years) with SCFD who received combined anterior-posterior surgery from January 2018 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether the postoperative SSI occurred, they were divided into two groups. Demographic data, American spinal injury association (ASIA) neurological impairment scale, comorbidity, diet, nursing, and operating room related factors (time interval from skin preparation to operation, whether preoperative urinary catheterization was performed, whether was the consecutive operation, the total number of person in the operating room, operating room temperature, relative humidity, operational duration, and whether there was an intern nurse involved in the operation) of the of patients in the two groups were analyzed by Logistic regression for the factors related to perioperative SSI. Results: SSI occurred in 44 patients with the rate of 5.2% (44/841). The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the grade of ASIA scale, diabetes, lack of dietary care, time interval from skin preparation to operation, preoperative urinary catheterization, consecutive operations and the total number of person in the operating room (all P<0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis results show that the severity of spinal cord injury (grade A OR value = 78.431, grade B OR value =24.120, grade C OR value = 5.342, P < 0.05, respectively), diabetes (OR value = 3.114, p=0.014), lack of dietary care (OR value = 2.275，p=0.023), skin preparation to surgery time > 6h (OR value = 2.342, p=0.022), preoperative urinary catheterization (OR value = 4.476, P <0.001) and the total number of person in the operating room > 8 (OR value = 2.921, P = 0.014) were positively correlated with perioperative SSI. Conclusions: The occurrence of SSI in patients with SCFD who undergo anterior-posterior treatment is most likely multifactorial and emphasis should be placed on dietary care, enhanced glucose monitoring, and optimized operating room management.
Clinical Competencies of Dental students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran
Authors: Khoshrang Hossein , Dadgaran Ideh , Pourvakhshoori Negar , Pishkhani Maryam Khoshbakht , Peyrovi Fatemeh , Hendi Amirreza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: According to the indicators provided in the new curriculum concerning competencies of dental students for the practical skills by departments; We chose to assess practical competencies in various clinical departments through the lens of final year Iranian students and by the new General Dentistry curriculum approved in 2017.Materials and Methods: In this study, 66 final-year dental students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences during the academic year 2020-2021 were selected and participated by census method. In this study, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire using the latest version of the new curriculum of General Dentistry in 2017 and made available to students online. Data were analyzed using software SPSS 16 and descriptive and inferential tests. The significance level was considered p <0.05.Results: The mean age of subjects was 25.05 ± 2.20 years, of whom 46 subjects (69.7%) were female. According to the study results, 61 subjects (92.4%) were single, 49 subjects (74.2%) were from Rasht University, and the rest were from Anzali Campus. For acquired practical skills, the highest score was related to Restorative Dentistry (89.22 ± 14.56), Endodontics (88 ± 9.55), Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (87.54 ± 12.36), Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (82.61 ± 14.33), Prosthodontics (81.17 ± 15.21) and Pediatric Dentistry (78.50 ± 16.13) (0.001> p) and the lowest score was related to Pathology (43.46 ± 19.89) followed by Periodontics (44.71 ± 9.48) and Orthodontics (62.21 ± 22.80) (0.001> p), respectively. Only the score of practical competencies in periodontics increased with age (p = 0.049). The mean score of competencies in Orthodontics (p <0.001) and Pediatric Dentistry (p = 0.033) in Anzali campus was higher than Rasht. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between practical competencies and gender and marital status.Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, pupils sought practical skills in the majority of situations. However, it was not wanted in the periodontics and orthodontics departments. It seems that the authorities should do the necessary planning to provide proper and adequate education based on the curriculum in different departments of the faculty, especially Periodontics and Orthodontics to meet the needs of patients.
Outcomes and Pathological Features of Total Thyroidectomy in Patients with Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Farashi Ebrahim , Shilan Zahra , Bonab Samad Farashi , Rasihashemi Seyed Ziaeddin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased dramatically in recent decades. This study examined the features and outcomes of multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (MPTC).Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 300 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Patients were classified into a multifocal PTC group and a unifocal PTC group. The pathological features of the PTC and the patients’ outcomes were analyzed and compared.Results: The occurrence of multifocality was higher in females than in males: odds ratio (OR): 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–4.67, and p = 0.01. Patients in the multifocal group had a larger tumor size (3.63 cm ± 1.66 cm) than patients in the unifocal group (2 cm, p = 0.02), and higher lymph node metastasis (LNM): OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.49–3.77, p = 0.0003. In addition, most patients in the multifocal group had a moderate risk of recurrence than in the unifocal group: OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01–2.6, and p = 0.04. At follow-up, the thyroglobulin (Tg) plasma levels (p = 0.03) and disease recurrence were significantly higher in the multifocal group than in the unifocal group (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.15–6.44, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Patients with MPTC had a higher risk of disease recurrence, and multifocality was considered to be an independent prognostic factor for overall disease recurrence.
Co-morbidities and their management in women with breast cancer. An Australian survey of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Koczwara Bogda , Meng Rosie , Battersby Malcolm , Mangoni Arduino , Spence Danielle , Lawn Sharon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer survivors experience significant burden from comorbid chronic conditions, but little is known about how well these conditions are managed. We conducted a national survey of Australian breast cancer survivors to examine the burden of chronic conditions, their impact, and care alignment with the principles of chronic condition management.Methods: A study-specific survey incorporated questions about chronic conditions using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), functional status using the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES), and perceived quality of care for cancer and non-cancer conditions using the Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions Survey (PACIC). Members of Breast Cancer Network Australia (BCNA) were invited via email to complete the survey either online or through direct mail.Results: The survey was sent to 2,198 BCNA members and 177 responses were received (8.1%). Respondents were women aged 32-88 years (median 60.1 years). The majority were married (116; 67.7%) and had private insurance (137; 80.0%) and reported good to excellent health (119; 73.5 %). Other health conditions were reported by 157 (88.7%), the most common being chronic pain (27.1%) and fatigue (22.0%). When asked about management of comorbidities or cancer, less than 20% were routinely asked about management goals, helped to set goals, or asked about health habits. Conclusions: In this population of survivors with good health status and high rates of private insurance, comorbidities were common and their management, as well as management of breast cancer, were poorly aligned with chronic condition management principles.
Identification and evolutionary analysis of the GOLDEN 2-LIKE gene family in foxtail millet
Authors: chen Huafeng , Qin Lei , Tian Jinge , Wang Xianglan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
GOLDEN 2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors are members of the GARP superfamily and are involved in chloroplast development and stress tolerance. These transcription factors have been studied at the genome level across several plant species. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed the GLK family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). The present study discovered 59 GLK genes in foxtail millet. Multiple sequence alignment and gene motif analysis revealed the presence of Myb-SHAQKYF and Myb-CC-LHEQLE motifs in all the members. In addition, the gene promoters mainly had light- and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements. Syntenic analysis showed that whole-genome duplications (WGD) and dispersed duplications contributed to the expansion of the SiGLK gene family. Gene expression analysis revealed that SiGLKs exhibited preferential expression in bundle sheath than in the mesophyll cells. Meanwhile, analyzing these genes in foxtail millet under abiotic stress demonstrated a significant role for SiGLK30, 38, 48, and 52 in regulating salt, cold, and drought stress responses. Finally, qRT-PCR confirmed that cold stress increased SiGLK52 and SiGLK31 expression. The study thus provides an overview of GLK gene evolution in foxtail millet and a clue to its function in bundle sheath and mesophyll cell and stress tolerance.
The understandability of diagnostic criteria towards the latest version of ICD: A national participatory research for a more democratic approach in the conceptualization of the term “depressive episode” amongst service users in Greece
Authors: Vasilopoulos Fotis , Skourteli Marina C. , Kouroglou Vasiliki , Angelou Virginia E. , Kalpaxi Penny , Mavreas Venetsanos , Stylianidis Stelios 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The present study was conducted in the framework of the wider international research of WHO for the revision of the ICD with regards to the understandability and relevance of the diagnostic terms of “depressive episode”.
Methods
Fifteen service users with a formal diagnosis of “depressive episode” were recruited from an outpatient service in Athens, Greece, and completed a questionnaire on the understandability of the diagnostic terms of “depressive episode” during a semi-structured interview.
Results
The results showed that most of the commonly encountered symptoms of “depressive episode” were understood, but did not necessarily reflect with accuracy the lived experience of the participants. Preliminary correlations with regards to socioeconomic and other factors emerged.
Conclusion
Overall, the findings aim to initiate a dialogue on the understandability of diagnostic terms, the way they impact the lives of people with a diagnosis, and possible ways of re-conceptualizing medical terminology.
Potential Usefulness of Tracking Head Movement via a Wearable Device for Equilibrium Function Testing at Home
Authors: Yamanobe Yoshiharu , Fujioka Masato , Ohashi Masanao , Ozawa Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Many studies have reported the use of wearable devices to acquire biological data for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Balance dysfunction, however, is difficult to evaluate in real time because the equilibrium function is conventionally examined using a stabilometer installed on the ground.
Results
Total trajectory length (r = 0.818, p -false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.004) and outer peripheral area (r = 0.691, p -FDR = 0.026) values measured using the wearable device and stabilometer were significantly positively correlated.Root mean square area values were not significantly correlated with wearable device stabilometry, but were comparable.
Conclusion
These results indicate that wearable, widely available, non-medical devices may be used to assess balance outside the hospital setting, and new approaches for testing balance function should be considered.
Methods
Using a wearable accelerometer that measures head motion to evaluate balance and to examine whether it performs comparably to a conventional stabilometer. We constructed a simplified physical head-feet model that simultaneously records “head” motion measured using an attached wearable accelerometer and center-of-gravity motion at the “feet”, which is measured using an attached stabilometer.
Effect of Weather Conditions on the Occurrence and In-hospital Mortality of Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Lin Qinmei , Wu Qingsong , Chen Xiaodong , Chen Xingfeng , Xie Linfeng , Chen Liangwan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the seasonal, monthly, and daily distribution of the incidence of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) and identify seasonality in the length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality of TAAAD in southeastern China.
Methods
We enrolled patients diagnosed with TAAAD from June 1, 2017, to May 31, 2021. Participants were divided into seasonal, monthly, and daily groups according to the need for analysis. An analysis of variation was applied to compare the number of TAAAD in different seasons, months, and days. The χ2 test was used to compare in-hospital mortality among the four groups. Nonparametric methods were used for all comparisons of the length of hospital stay.
Results
Of the 485 patients, 154 were diagnosed in winter (31.8%), 115 in spring (23.7%), 73 in summer (15.1%), and 143 in autumn (29.5%). The daily, monthly, and seasonal distributions of TAAAD were significantly different (P = 0.04, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). This study did not identify any significant decrease in maximal, mean, or minimum temperatures between the 3 days before TAAAD and the day of TAAAD. No seasonal effect on in-hospital mortality was observed (P = 0.89). However, significant differences were observed in the seasonal distribution of the length of hospital stay for TAAAD (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Our study confirmed that the incidence of TAAAD exhibits seasonal, monthly, and daily variations in southeastern China. Moreover, the daily incidence of TAAAD is higher on weekdays than on weekends.
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor Promotes Healing and Alleviates Pain of Chemically-induced Oral Ulcers in SD Rats
Authors: Wang Fu , Li juanjuan , Wen Zihan , Lou Yue , Chen Jili , Gao Lu , Li Xiaojie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims Oral ulcers are a lesion in the oral mucosa that impacts chewing or drinking. The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have enhanced angiogenic, regenerative, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of EETs on the healing of oral ulcers using TPPU, a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHi), to improve the biological activity of EETs.
Materials and Methods The chemically-induced oral ulcers were established in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The ulcer area was treated with TPPU to evaluate the healing time and pain threshold of ulcers. CD31, Ki-67 and VEGF expression in the ulcer area was detected using immunohistochemical staining (IHC). TPPU on human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) migration was measured with a scratch assay. The tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was performed.
Results Compared with the control group, TPPU promoted wound healing of ulcers with a shorter healing time, raised pain thresholds. IHC staining showed that TPPU increased the expression of CD31 and Ki-67 with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the ulcer area. And TPPU enhanced the migration of HGECs and the tube-forming of HUVECs.
Conclusions TPPU can promote ulcer healing, which is related to reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, promoting angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration. TPPU also raises pain tolerance in the ulcer area.
How Axon and Dendrite Branching Are Governed by Time, Energy, and Spatial Constraints
Authors: Desai-Chowdhry Paheli , Brummer Alexander B , Savage Van M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Neurons are connected by complex branching processes - axons and dendrites - that process information for organisms to respond to their environment. Classifying neurons according to differences in structure or function is a fundamental part of neuroscience. Here, by constructing biophysical theory and testing against empirical measures of branching structure, we develop a unifying model that establishes a correspondence between neuron structure and function as mediated by principles such as time or power minimization for information processing as well as spatial constraints for forming connections. We test our predictions for radius scale factors against those extracted from neuronal images, measured for species that range from insects to whales. Notably, our findings reveal that the branching of axons and peripheral nervous system neurons is mainly determined by time minimization, while dendritic branching is determined by power minimization. Our model also predicts a quarter-power scaling relationship between conduction time delay and body size.
Enterococcus faecalis thrives in dual-species biofilm models under iron-rich conditions
Authors: Govindarajan Deenadayalan Karaiyagowder , Meghanathan Yogesan , Sivaramakrishnan Muthusaravanan , Kothandan Ram , Muthusamy Ananthasubramanian , Seviour Thomas William , Kandaswamy Kumaravel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) are pathogenic strains that often coexist as an intestinal flora in humans and are prone to cause biofilm-associated infections such as gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract infections. Earlier studies have demonstrated that E. faecalis biofilm can metabolize ferrous ions in iron-rich environments and promote biofilm growth under in-vivo conditions. However, the influence of iron transporters on dual-species biofilm growth and the nature of molecular-level interactions between iron transporter proteins and Fe2+ remains unknown. Therefore, we performed co-culture studies and found that Fe2+ at concentrations of 50 to 150 µM promotes the colonization of E. coli, and Fe2+ concentrations of 50 to 200 µM promote the growth of E. faecalis and dual-species colonies. Similarly, Fe2+ at concentrations of 50 to 250 µM promotes E. coli and E. faecalis biofilm formation 50 to 300 µM promotes biofilm formation of dual-species biofilms. Atomic absorption spectroscopy results reveal that Fe2+ ion augmentation in bacterial cells was increased to 4 folds in the single-species model and 11 folds in the dual-species model under iron-supplemented conditions. Furthermore, Fe2+ augmentation increased the antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis in both single and dual-species bacterial cultures. In addition, we have performed in-silico studies to determine a three-dimensional (3D) structure of ferrous iron-transporter proteins FeoB of E. faecalis and its affinity to extracellular Fe2+. Our model suggests that the FeoB facilitates the Fe2+ uptake in E. faecalis cells in the absence of iron chelator, 2,2-bipyridyl.
Standardized procedure prevents perioperative and early complications in totally implantable venous-access ports - a complication analysis of more than 1000 TIVAP implantations
Authors: Thiel Karolin , Kalmbach Sarah , Maier Gerhard , Wichmann Dörte , Schenk Martin , Königsrainer Alfred , Thiel Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Since their invention 40 years ago totally implantable venous-access ports (TIVAPs) have become indispensable in cancer treatment. Aim of our study was to analyse complications under standardized operative and perioperative procedures and to identify risk factors for premature port catheter explantation.
Methods
1008 consecutive TIVAP implantations were studied for success rate, perioperative, early and late complications. Surgical, clinical and demographic factors were analyzed as potential risk factors for emergency port catheter explantation.
Results
Successful surgical TIVAP implantation was achieved in 1005/1008 (99.7%) cases. No intra- or perioperative complications occurred. Thirty-two early complications and 88 late complications were observed leading to explantation in 11/32 (34.4%) and 34/88 (38.6%) cases, respectively. The most common complications were infections in 4.7% followed by thrombosis in 3.6%. Parameters that correlated with unplanned TIVAP explantation were gender (port in situ: female 95% vs. male 91%, p = 0.01), underlying disease (breast cancer 97% vs. gastrointestinal 89%, p = 0.004), indication (chemotherapy 95% vs. combination of chemotherapie and parenteral nutrition 64%, p < 0.0001), type of complication (infection 13.4% vs. TIVAP-related complication 54% and thrombosis 95%, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Standardized operative and perioperative TIVAP implantation procedures provide excellent results and low explantation rate.
Resolving the matter of the relative rates of clocks in Special Relativity
Authors: McKelvie James 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There are different interpretations of the Lorentz transformations of the Special Theory of Relativity (SR) concerning the relative rates of two clocks that are moving in uniform rectilinear relative translatory motion (Einstein’s definition of conditions necessary for SR, in [1a]). One school of thought holds that the clocks are “actually” going at different rates while another holds that it merely a matter of how the clocks are viewed, but with the clocks “actually” going at the same rate. These views are resolved analytically. A consequence that might be inferred from the first of the two postulates introduced by Einstein in his 1905 work [2], is verified by four arguments. The clocks are seen to have the same rates, contrary to one widely held opinion. There is no “actual” “time dilation” under SR conditions. That is, time does not pass more slowly in the reference frame of the “moving” clock. This alternative opinion – that the clocks are going at the same rate, but are observed to be going at different rates - is seen to be consistent. Experimental reports, which directly conclude that the clocks are going at different rates, are shown either to be seriously flawed or to not even comply with Einstein’s definition of SR.