bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver zonation, revisited
Authors: Paris Jasmin , Henderson Neil C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The concept of hepatocyte functional zonation is well established, with differences in metabolism and xenobiotic processing determined by multiple factors including oxygen and nutrient levels across the hepatic lobule. However, recent advances in single‐cell genomics technologies, including single‐cell and nuclei RNA sequencing, and the rapidly evolving fields of spatial transcriptomic and proteomic profiling have greatly increased our understanding of liver zonation. Here we discuss how these transformative experimental strategies are being leveraged to dissect liver zonation at unprecedented resolution and how this new information should facilitate the emergence of novel precision medicine‐based therapies for patients with liver disease.
Effect of vaginal washing before Misoprostol insertion on cervical ripening before induction of labor: A randomized single‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Kabodmehri Roya , Sharami Seyedeh Hajar , Milani Forozan , Hosseinzadeh Fatemeh , Dalil Heirati Seyedeh Fatemeh , Bakhshipour Zakie , Pourhabibi Zahra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundVaginal pH is acidic in pregnancy, but there is no information about pH changes in pregnancy, and contradictory results have been reported from the effectiveness of Misoprostol at different vaginal pH. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vaginal washing before Misoprostol insertion on cervical ripening before induction of labor in comparison with the control group.MethodsThis randomized single‐blind clinical trial was performed on 148 pregnant women who were candidates for induction of labor. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (vaginal washing with 20 cc of normal saline 0.9% before Misoprostol insertion) and the control group (without vaginal washing). Vaginal pH and Bishop scores were measured before and after the intervention. The two groups were compared in demographic‐obstetric variables, the success rate of induction of labor, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and Misoprostol dose.ResultsAfter the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the pH before and after in the group with vaginal washing. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the type and duration of labor, and maternal and neonatal outcomes (P > .05). The frequency of normal delivery less than 12 hours in the intervention group was higher than in the control group. Although this difference was not statistically significant due to the small number of subjects, it is clinically significant.ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that vaginal washing with normal saline before Misoprostol insertion for induction of labor did not affect the success of induction and duration of labor.
Generalized differential quadrature analysis of MHD mixed convective motion of Casson fluids past an isothermal irregular slender geometry via Cattaneo–Christov's approach
Authors: Hamad Najiba Hasan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClassical Fourier's theory is well‐known in continuum physics and thermal sciences. However, the primary drawback of this law is that it contradicts the principle of causality. To explore the thermal relaxation time characteristic, Cattaneo–Christov's theory is adopted thermally. In this regard, the features of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flows of Casson fluids over an impermeable irregular sheet are revealed numerically. In addition, the resulting system of partial differential equations is altered via practical transformations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An advanced numerical algorithm is developed in this respect to get higher approximations for temperature and velocity fields, as well as their corresponding wall gradients. For validating our numerical code, the current outcomes are compared with the available literature results. Moreover, it is revealed that the velocity field is more prominent in the suction flow situation as compared with the injection flow case. It is also found that the Casson fluid is hastened in the case of lower yield stress. Larger values of thermal relaxation parameters create a lessening trend in the temperature distribution and its related boundary layer breadth.
Intracranial hemorrhage following drainage of chronic subdural effusion and hematoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wen Peng , Xu Wen‐Long , Chen Huan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcute intracranial hemorrhage (AIH) after drainage of chronic subdural hematoma is a rare but serious complication. An 86‐year‐old man with bilateral frontotemporal subdural effusion, hematoma, and cerebral hernia was admitted to our department and treated with bilateral burr hole surgery and closed‐system drainage under local anesthesia. After the operation, computed tomography (CT) showed AIH in the left temporal and occipital lobe, and then a series of head CT showed that the hematoma gradually increased day by day. This patient had a medical history of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and taking warfarin. He was treated conservatively, but had not recovered at discharge after 1 month. We reviewed the relevant literature and analyzed the operation opportunity, causes of cerebral hemorrhage, and preventive measures in similar patients. We suppose that the coagulation abnormality and rapid fluctuations of intracranial pressure were the main causes of development of AIH in our patient. Several possible reasons such as brain shift and impaired vascular autoregulation are also associated with postoperative AIH. We must be aware of this complication and keep some preventive measures in our mind.
Exploring White individuals' perceptions of Black atheists' trustworthiness, racial identity, and feelings of warmth
Authors: Howard Simon 
Published: February 2022

Anti‐atheist bias in the United States is both persistent and pervasive. However, most experimental psychological research demonstrating anti‐atheist bias have used White targets or targets whose race is not explicitly mentioned. Thus, it is unknown whether atheists of colour, who have two stigmatised identities (e.g., their race and atheist identification), are perceived differently from their ingroup counterparts with one stigmatised identity (e.g., Black Christian). Using a between‐subjects experimental design we examined White Americans' (n = 286;Mage = 39.91,SD = 13.17) perceptions of Black atheists' trustworthiness and racial identification relative to Black non‐atheists. We also explored whether exposure to Black atheists versus Black Christians would influence White individuals' feelings of warmth towards Black Americans in general. There was no evidence that White individuals perceive Black atheists as less trustworthy or less racially identified than non‐atheist Black individuals (i.e., Black Christians and Black individuals whose religious identity was not explicitly mentioned). Results did reveal, however, that White individuals had higher feelings of warmth towards Black Americans in general (and several other stigmatised groups) after exposure to a Black Christian versus Black individuals who were not Christian. Implications and future research directions are discussed, particularly focused on atheists who are multiply stigmatised.
Effect of thyroid hormone‐disrupting chemicals on swim bladder inflation and thyroid hormone‐related gene expression in Japanese medaka and zebrafish
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Nomura Miho , Okamoto Konori , Takahashi Chiho , Sato Tomomi , Miyagawa Shinichi , Okamura Hideo , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe compared the influence of thyroid hormone‐disrupting chemicals (heptafluorobutanoic acid, PFBA and tris[1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propyl] phosphate, TDCPP) and thyroid hormone (3,3′,5‐triiodo‐L‐thyronine, T3) on swim bladder inflation and thyroid hormone‐related gene expression in Japanese medaka and zebrafish. The swim bladder of most larvae had inflated at 4 h post hatching (hph) in Japanese medaka and at 48 hph in zebrafish in controls. In both fish species, the swim bladder inflation was inhibited in larvae exposed to PFBA (lowest observed effect concentration [LOEC] in medaka: 40 mg/L; in zebrafish: 80 mg/L), TDCPP (LOEC in medaka: 1 mg/L; in zebrafish: 0.5 mg/L), and T3 (no inhibition in Japanese medaka; LOEC in zebrafish: 7.5 μg/L). We also examined the influence of PFBA, TDCPP, and T3 on the expression of thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta (tshβ) or thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). No changes were observed in the expression of genes after PFBA and TDCPP exposure; however, T3 exposure upregulated trα and trβ expression in both fish species. When the results were compared between Japanese medaka and zebrafish, swim bladder inflation in both species was found to be inhibited by exposure to thyroid hormone‐disrupting chemicals. Our results show that inhibition of the swim bladder inflation at 4 hph in Japanese medaka and 48 hph in zebrafish is a potential indicator of thyroid hormone‐disturbing activity of chemicals.
Ameliorative effect of N‐acetylcysteine on the testicular tissue of adult male albino rats after glyphosate‐based herbicide exposure
Authors: Hashim Asmaa R. , Bashir Dina W. , Yasin Noha A. E. , Rashad Maha M. , El‐Gharbawy Saad M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlyphosate (GLP) is a broad‐spectrum herbicide that is frequently used in crop production, but its residues remain in foodstuffs. This, in turn, has led to potential adverse effects on both human and animal health. Recent studies emphasized that GLP induces teratogenic effects and reproductive disorders, but its mechanism of toxicity is highly debated. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) is well known for its potent antioxidant capacity in addition to anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the reproductive toxicity of GLP in mature rats and evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of NAC against this toxicity. To this end, 30 adult male rats were assigned into three groups (10 rats per group) as follows: Group I, negative control; group II, GLP‐exposed; 375 mg/kg GLP, orally; group III, NAC‐cotreated, 160 mg/kg NAC 1 h before GLP, plus GLP, 375 mg/kg orally for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the testicles were collected for semen analysis and biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. GLP‐exposed rats exhibited disturbances in seminal parameters and a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels and expression of apoptotic markers. Several histopathological changes were observed, including strong immunoreactions for caspase‐3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Conversely, the administration of NAC before GLP was able to improve seminal parameters, attenuate the induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in addition to the regeneration of testicular damage. In conclusion, NAC can ameliorate the reproductive toxicity induced by GLP to an acceptable degree.
Docosahexaenoic acid increased MeCP2 mediated mitochondrial respiratory complexes II and III enzyme activities in cortical astrocytes
Authors: Dave Arpita , Pillai Prakash P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in the neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system. Currently, therapeutics for RTT is aimed at restoring the loss‐of‐function by MeCP2 gene therapy, but that approach has multiple challenges. We have already reported impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in MeCP2 deficient astrocytes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been shown with health benefits, but its impact on mitochondrial functions in MeCP2 deficient astrocytes has never been paid much attention. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of DHA on mitochondrial respiratory chain regulation in MeCP2 knockdown astrocytes. We determined NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2 (Ndufv2‐complex‐I), Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein (Uqcrc1‐complex‐III) genes expression, Ndufv2 protein expression, respiratory electron transport chain complex I, II, III, and IV enzyme activities, intracellular Ca+2, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in DHA pre‐incubated MeCP2 knock‐down rat primary cortical astrocytes. Our study demonstrates that 100 µM DHA increases MeCP2 gene and protein expression. Increases brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Uqcrc1 gene expression, Ndufv2 protein expression, but has no effect on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene expression. DHA treatment also increases mitochondrial respiratory Complexes II and III activities and reduces intracellular calcium levels. Taken together, the effects of DHA seem independent of MeCP2 deficiency in astrocytes. Hence, further studies are warranted to understand the complicated mechanisms of DHA and for its therapeutic significance in MeCP2‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and in RTT disease.
Novel boron‐containing compound, halogenated boroxine, induces selective cytotoxicity through apoptosis triggering in UT‐7 leukemia
Authors: Hadzic Maida , Pojskic Lejla , Lojo‐Kadric Naida , Haveric Anja , Ramic Jasmin , Galic Borivoj , Haveric Sanin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractApoptosis induction is a promising approach in targeting tumor cells. As halogenated boroxine (HB) shows antitumor activity, but its mechanism of action in hematological tumors remains unclear, in this study, we aimed to analyze apoptosis triggering in normal and UT‐7 leukemia cells by HB. Methods for assessing cell viability and cytotoxicity, apoptosis detection, relative expression of 84 apoptosis‐associated genes and BCL‐2, and functional analysis were applied. Pronounced HB activities in inhibition of cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction with measurable differences between tumor and normal cells were found. HB modulated the expression of 21 genes, predominantly downregulated the antiapoptotic genes in leukemia. The functional association revealed HB's impact on inhibition of NF‐κB signaling pathway. BCL‐2 expression decreasing was found only in UT‐7 leukemia. This study identified HB as an apoptosis inducer affecting leukemia but not normal cells considering mechanisms of selective activity that may be a great advantage of HB applications.
Neuroprotective effect of alpha‐pinene is mediated by suppression of the TNF‐α/NF‐κB pathway in Alzheimer's disease rat model
Authors: Khan‐Mohammadi‐Khorrami Mohammad‐Kazem , Asle‐Rousta Masoumeh , Rahnema Mehdi , Amini Rahim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonoterpene alpha‐pinene possesses antioxidant, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. We evaluated the effect of alpha‐pinene on oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and molecular and behavioral changes induced by beta‐amyloid (Aβ)1‐42 in rats and investigated the possible mechanisms of these outcomes. Male Wistar rats received alpha‐pinene (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 14 consecutive days after intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1‐42. Alpha‐pinene decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, increased glutathione content, and enhanced catalase activity in Aβ‐injected rats. Also, messenger RNA expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, nuclear factor κB, and N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B reduced in the hippocampus of these animals. Besides this, alpha‐pinene repressed the Aβ1‐42‐induced reduction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression. Treatment with alpha‐pinene caused Aβ‐receiving rats to spend more time in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test and led to an increase in percentages of open arm entrance and time spent in the open arm in the elevated plus‐maze test. We concluded that alpha‐pinene strengthens the antioxidant system and prevents neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats receiving Aβ. It improves spatial learning and memory and reduces anxiety‐like behavior in these animals. Consequently, alpha‐pinene alleviates Aβ‐induced oxidative/nitrosative stress, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits. It is probably a suitable candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Early is superior to late plasma exchange for severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Katlan Banu , Kesici Selman , Karacanoğlu Dilek , Oygar Pembe Derin , Ünal Yüksekgönül Ayse , Şener Seher , Aykan Hayrettin Hakan , Özsurekçi Yasemin , Özen Seza , Bayrakci Benan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) can be life threatening in severe cases because of uncontrolled inflammation and multi‐organ failure. In this study, we report the effect of plasma exchange in the treatment of MIS‐C and to emphasize the effect of its early application on outcome.MethodIn this retrospective observational study, the medical records of children with severe MIS‐C admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between April 2020 and January 2021 were reviewed. Severe MIS‐C patients were treated according to protocol consisting of plasma exchange (PE), intravenous immune globulin, steroids, and anakinra which we called the “PISA” protocol referring to the initials. The patients were divided into two groups as early plasma exchange (E‐PE) and late plasma exchange (L‐PE) according to the elapse time between hospital admission and the administration of PE. Groups were compared in terms of outcome variables. Primary study outcome was 28‐day mortality. Secondary outcome variables were acute phase response time, length of immunomodulatory treatment, frequency of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) and inotropic support, length of inotropic support and MV, length of hospital and PICU stays.ResultsEighteen pediatric patients with MIS‐C were included in the study. Seventeen (95%) of the patients presented with decompensated shock and required inotropic support. One of the 17 patients needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO) PISA protocol was used in all patients. There was no mortality in the E‐PE group while the mortality rate was 20% in the L‐PE group. Acute phase reactant response was faster in the E‐PE group and immunomodulatory treatments could be reduced earlier; the frequency of patients requiring inotropic and mechanical ventilation (MV) support was lower in the E‐PE group; the duration of inotropic support, duration of MV, and length of stay in hospital and PICU were significantly shorter in the E‐PE group.ConclusionWe suggest that in selected cases, timely administration of PE is a beneficial rescue therapy for MIS‐C related hyperinflammation presenting with severe cardiovascular collapse.
Guide to tuning the chalcone molecular properties based on the push‐pull effect energy scale created via the molecular tailoring approach
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Rusinska‐Roszak Danuta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing the molecular tailoring approach, a total energy scale for the push‐pull effect in the range from −40 to 100 kcal/mol is created for the wide series of neutral, charged and doubly charged compounds on the chalcone platform. Taking into account similar energy scale for hydrogen bonds, the strength of the push‐pull effect is ranked in the seven categories, ranging from negative (anti‐push‐pull) to very weak and very strong push‐pull effect. It is demonstrated that the molecular properties of chalcone can be tuned prior synthesis due to the created energy scale for the push‐pull effect. The single bonds of the π‐spacer in the chalcones are shortened, the double ones are lengthened, and the C=O bond vibrations are red shifted when the push‐pull effect is enhanced along the energy scale. The HOMO and LUMO energies change systematically while the HOMO–LUMO energy gap narrows as the strength of the push–pull effect increases.
Two silver(I) complexes: Synthesis, structures, and electrochemicalH2O2sensing
Authors: Kong Xiaoxia , Shen Qinqin , Wan Tiantian , Li Kaiyi , Sun Fugang , Wu Huilu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo new silver(I) complexes, formulated as [Ag2(L1)2](picrate)2(1), {[Ag2(L2)2(terephthalate)](C2H5OH)3(H2O)}n(2) (L1 = 1,3‐bis(2‐benzimidazyl)benzene, L2 = 1,3‐bis(1‐methylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐thiapropane), were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography, elemental analysis, infrared, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The crystal analysis results showed that the complexes exhibited different structures: binuclear for1and one‐dimensional polymeric for2. Their Ag(I) centers displayed different coordination geometric structures: two‐coordinated linear in1, whereas four‐coordinated distorted tetrahedron in2. The electrochemical sensing performance of Ag(I) complexes modified carbon paste electrode (CPE‐1 and CPE‐2) toward hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated by chronoamperometry in 0.2 M phosphate buffer saline (pH = 6) at −0.2 V. The CPE‐1 was found to have a wide linear response from 1.0 × 10−5to 4.0 × 10−3 M, lower detection limit of 1.73 μM, excellent anti‐interference ability, and stability. The CPE‐2 does not have recognition properties for H2O2, which may be due to the large steric hindrance around Ag(I) centers that is not easy to combine with H2O2to form a catalytic transition state. The above studies proved that Ag(I) complexes can be used as effective components of electrode materials for the electrochemical recognition of H2O2.
Oncogenic and tumor suppressor genes expression in myeloproliferative neoplasms: The hidden side of a complex pathology
Authors: Abedi Elham , Karimi Mehran , Yaghobi Ramin , Mohammadi Hamid , Haghpanah Sezaneh , Moghadam Mohamad , Bayat Elahe , Rezvani Alireza , Ramzi Mani 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to explore the changes in the expressions of six tumor‐related genes in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The study population included 130 patients with MPNs (52 with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 49 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 20 with polycythemia vera (PV), and 9 with primary myelofibrosis (PMF)) and 51 healthy individuals.MethodsThe expression profiling of six genes (ADAMTS18, CMTM5, CDKN2B, DCC, FHIT, and WNT5B) in the peripheral blood granulocyte cells was explored by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe patients with MPNs showed significant downregulation of CMTM5 (EFC = 0.66) and DCC (EFC = 0.65) genes in contrast to a non‐significant upregulation of ADAMTS18, CDKN2B, FHIT, and WNT5B genes. Downregulation of DCC was consistent in all subtypes of MPN (EFC range: 0.591–0.860). However, CMTM5 had a 1.22‐fold upregulation in PMF in contrast to downregulation in other MPN subtypes (EFC range: 0.599–0.775). The results revealed a significant downregulation in CMTM5 and DCC at below 60‐years of age. Furthermore, female patients showed a clear‐cut downregulation in both CMTM5 and DCC (EFC DCC: 0.436 and CMTM5: 0.570), while male patients presented a less prominent downregulation with a borderline p‐value only in DCC (EFC: 0.69; p = 0.05).ConclusionsChronic myeloid leukemia cases showed a significant upregulation of WNT5B, as a known oncogenesis gene. Two tumor suppressor genes, namely DCC and CMTM5, were downregulated in the patients with MPNs, especially in females and patients below 60 years of age.