bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the association between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Zhang Ning , Gao Man , Yu Jinglong , Zhang Qiang , Wang Weiguang , Zhou Congxiao , Liu Lingjia , Sun Ting , Liao Xing , Wang Junhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, which may be related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Our study aims to explore the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD, and analyze the potential moderators.MethodsLiterature search was conducted by a combined computer‐assisted and manual method. Studies were included if they had reported the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD. Overall estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using random‐effects meta‐analyses, meta‐regressions and further stratified analyses were conducted to examine potential moderator variables.ResultsTotals of 70 studies involving nearly 4 million participants from among 6,452 unique articles were included. In the primary analyses, ACEs were found to be associated with subsequent ADHD (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.54–1.83), and the negative effects of different forms of ACEs for ADHD were nonequivalent. Such as lived in the stepfamily, been adopted or fostered, and experienced sexual abuse were more deleterious than others. It was found that individuals who had experienced multiple ACEs or who are female were more vulnerable to ADHD.ConclusionsThe findings provide critical evidence for understanding the association between ACEs and ADHD. ACEs could increase the susceptibility of ADHD, especially for individuals who ever experienced multiple ACEs and females.
Tumor‐associated macrophages in liver cancer: From mechanisms to therapy
Authors: Cheng Kun , Cai Ning , Zhu Jinghan , Yang Xing , Liang Huifang , Zhang Wanguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver cancer. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the TME and are present at all stages of liver cancer progression, and targeting TAMs has become one of the most favored immunotherapy strategies. In addition, macrophages and liver cancer cells have distinct origins. At the early stage of liver cancer, macrophages can provide a niche for the maintenance of liver cancer stem cells. In contrast, cancer stem cells (CSCs) or poorly differentiated tumor cells are key factors modulating macrophage activation. In the present review, we first propose the origin connection between precursor macrophages and liver cancer cells. Macrophages undergo dynamic phenotypic transition during carcinogenesis. In this course of such transition, it is critical to determine the appropriate timing for therapy and block specific markers to suppress pro‐tumoral TAMs. The present review provides a more detailed discussion of transition trends of such surface markers than previous reviews. Complex crosstalk occurs between TAMs and liver cancer cells. TAMs play indispensable roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and autophagy due to their heterogeneity and robust plasticity. In addition, macrophages in the TME interact with other immune cells by directing cell‐to‐cell contact or secreting various effector molecules. Similarly, tumor cells combined with other immune cells can drive macrophage recruitment and polarization. Despite the latest achievements and the advancements in treatment strategies following TAMs studies, comprehensive discussions on the communication between macrophages and cancer cells or immune cells in liver cancer are currently lacking. In this review, we discussed the interactions between TAMs and liver cancer cells (from cell origin to maturation), the latest therapeutic strategies (including chimeric antigen receptor macrophages), and critical clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) to provide a rationale for further clinical investigation of TAMs as a potential target for treating patients with liver cancer.
KRAS mutated Non‐Small Lung Carcinoma: A Real World Context from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Batra Ullas , Nathany Shrinidhi , Sharma Mansi , BP Amrith , Jose Joslia T. , Singh Harkirat , Mattoo Sakshi , Mehta Anurag 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundKRAS, although a common variant of occurrence (~20% of non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma [NSCLC]) has been untargetable, owing to the molecular structure which inherently prevents drug binding. KRAS mutations in NSCLC are associated with distinct clinical profiles including smokers and mucinous histology. KRAS G12C mutations account for ~40% KRAS altered NSCLC, but NSCLC being a geographically diverse disease, the features may be distinct in this part of the world. This is a single‐center experience of KRAS‐mutated NSCLC including clinical, imaging, pathologic features, and treatment patterns and outcomes.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective study of KRAS‐mutated NSCLC. The clinicopathological features and outcomes were retrieved and collated from the medical record archives of the hospital.ResultsFifty (30.6%) patients with advanced‐stage NSCLC with alterations in the KRAS gene were enrolled in the 163 patients who were tested for KRAS alterations. The median age was 61 years. Molecular detection revealed three main types of KRAS mutations viz‐a‐vis: G12C in 17 (34%), G12V in 9 (18%), and G12D in 6 (12%) patients. Comparing G12C versus the non‐G12C mutated cases, co‐mutations were common in the non‐G12C subgroup (p < 0.05). Among the 36, who were treated at our center, all received chemotherapy as the first line with a median progression‐free survival (PFS)of 5.4 months. The PFS of G12C was higher than the non‐G12C subgroup (6.4 vs 3.8 months).ConclusionThis is the largest single‐center experience from the Indian subcontinent for KRAS‐mutated NSCLC with distinct clinical features. It highlights the unmet need for G12C inhibitors in our country, where prevalence is equivalent to the West.
Diverse Flavonoids from the Roots of Indigofera stachyodes
Authors: Lou Huayong , Liu Hanfei , Wang Huan , Zhao Yumin , Huang Lei , Fu Jian , Hao Xiaojiang , Pan Weidong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree new flavonoids, 4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2S,3R‐3,7‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxyflavan (1), (3R)‐7,4′‐dihydroxy‐5,3′‐methoxychalcone (2), (3S)‐7,2′,3′‐trihydroxy‐6,4′‐dimethoxylisoflavan (3), and one new natural occurring product, (3S)‐6,2′,3′‐trihydroxy‐7,4′‐dimethoxylisoflavan (4), together with eleven known ones (5–15), were isolated from the roots of Indigofera stachyodes. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by UV, IR, MS, and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by ECD spectra and chemical method. All the isolated flavonoids were screened for their antioxidant abilities to scavenge DPPH and ABTS+. As results, compounds 2–4, 10, and 15 exhibited remarkable scavenging activity against both ABTS+ and DPPH, with the IC50 values less than 20 μM. In addition, compounds 1, 6–9, and 13 exhibited potential antioxidant scavenging activities, IC50 values were in the range of 17.96∼85.91 μM.
Evidence that cervical cancer cells cultured as tumorspheres maintain high CD73 expression and increase their protumor characteristics through TGF‐β production
Authors: García‐Rocha Rosario , Monroy‐García Alberto , Carrera‐Martínez Monserrat , Hernández‐Montes Jorge , Don‐López Christian Azucena , Weiss‐Steider Benny , Monroy‐Mora Katia Alhelí , Ponce‐Chavero María de los Ángeles , Montesinos‐Montesinos Juan José , Escobar‐Sánchez María Luisa , Castillo Gabriela Molina , Chacón‐Salinas Rommel , Vallejo‐Castillo Luis , Pérez‐Tapia Sonia Mayra , Mora‐García María de Lourdes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecently, a link between the biological activity of CD73 and tumorigenicity in solid tumors has been proposed. We previously reported that the generation of adenosine (Ado) by the activity of CD73 in cervical cancer (CC) cells induces transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) production to maintain CD73 expression. In the present study, we analyzed the participation of TGF‐β1 in CD73 expression and the development of protumoral characteristics in CaSki CC cells cultured as tumorspheres (CaSki‐T) and in monolayers (CaSki‐M). Compared with those in CaSki‐M cells, CD73 expression and Ado generation ability were significantly increased in CaSki‐T cells. CaSki‐T cells exhibited enrichment in the CSC‐like phenotype due to increases in the expression levels of stem cell markers (CD49f, CK17, and P63; OCT4 and SOX2), greater sphere formation efficiency (SFE), and an increase in the percentage of side population (SP) cells. Interestingly, compared with CaSki‐M cells, CaSki‐T cells produced a greater amount of TGF‐β1 and presented a marked protumor phenotype characterized by a significant decrease in the expression of major histocompatibility complex class‐I (MHC‐I) molecules, an increase in the expression of multidrug resistance protein‐I (MRP‐I) and vimentin, and an increase in the protein expression levels of Snail‐1 and Twist, which was strongly reversed with TGF‐β1 inhibition. These results suggest that the presence of TGF‐β1−CD73–Ado feedback loop can promote protumoral characteristics in the CC tumor microenvironment.
Structure‐Property Relations of Nickel and Cobalt Substituted Yttrium Aluminum Garnets as Catalyst Materials for Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors: Fritsch Charlotte , Titus Juliane , Roussière Thomas , Lizandara‐Pueyo Carlos , Müller Robert , Gläser Roger , Schunk Stephan Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNickel‐ and cobalt‐substituted yttrium aluminum garnets (YAGs) were synthesized varying their stoichiometries and the details of the thermal treatment procedures at elevated temperatures. Ni and/or Co substitution into the framework of Y3Al5O12 was found to be feasible up to molar metal contents of 6 mol %. The synthesis conditions were optimized towards a compromise of high phase purity of the high‐temperature phase of YAG, still maintaining sensible specific surface areas of the resulting catalyst materials. The two synthetic procedures evaluated in the study allow introduction of nickel and cobalt into the oxidic framework of the YAG oxide, from which under reducing conditions, both metals can be exsolved. The catalysts were studied in the catalytic dry reforming of methane under stoichiometric ratio of CO2/CH4 at atmospheric pressure. The catalytic results indicate that for the best candidate materials performance is stable and a syngas of the desired ratio nH2/nCO = 1 is formed. Trends were observed towards nickel being the catalytically more active metal compared to cobalt.
Day‐to‐day fasting plasma glucose variability on the short‐term prognosis of ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yi Ming , Cao Qing , Tang Wen‐hui , Liu Qiang , Ke Xiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesisGlycemic variability in one fact that explain the differences in cardiovascular outcomes. The short‐term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability may have an on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed T2DM patients who underwent emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to STEMI in Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, between January 2016 and March 2020. All patients underwent at least 5 FPG measurements during the perioperative period. FPG variability score (FPG‐VS) was defined as the percentage of the number of FPG variations > 1 mmol/L between two adjacent FPG measurements. The Cox proportional‐hazards model was used to estimate the relationship between FPG‐VS and MACE. A validation set was utilized to further evaluate the prognostic value of FPG‐VS in a standardized STEMI diabetic diet cohort following PCI intervention.ResultsA total of 612 patients were included in the retrospective cohort study. In comparison to the minimum quintile, FPG‐VS > 60% was associated with an increased risk of 30‐day MACE. Moreover, compared to FPG‐VS ≤ 20%, the FPG‐VS > 80% group had a higher risk of MACE (odd ratio [OR] = 4.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.55−5.28), recurrent angina pectoris (OR = 5.43, 95% CI: 2.27−8.27), nonfatal myocardial infarction (OR = 5.00, 95% CI: 2.47−7.69), heart failure (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.92−5.54), malignant arrhythmia (OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.12−6.25) and cardiac death (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.17−1.97). Consistent results were obtained after adjustment for HbA1c, demonstrating the robustness of FPGFPG‐VS. Moreover, the standard diet intervention group had a lower FPG‐VS index as well as a lower incidence of MACE.ConclusionHigher FPG variability is associated with an increased risk of MACE within 30 days in diabetes patients receiving PCI for STEMI. A standardized diet may improve the prognosis of STEMI patients by reducing the FPG‐VS.
Long‐term outcome prediction for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Song Wu , Zhu Jiade , Zhong ZhaoJi , Song Yunhu , Liu Sheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe definitive treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), which has good long‐term outcomes. However, after surgery, a quarter of the patients still have residual pulmonary hypertension (RPH). In pulmonary hemodynamics, there are no unified criteria for RPH, even though the level may affect long‐term survival.MethodsBetween March 1997 and December 2021, 253 CTEPH patients were treated at our center with PEA. Patients were evaluated retrospectively and classified into early (1997–2014) and late (2015–2021) groups. The clinical characteristics and perioperative outcomes of the two groups were compared, and risk factor analysis for RPH and long‐term survival for all cases was performed.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in demographics between the two groups. However, the Early Group had a significantly higher rate of perioperative death (9.8% vs. 1.2%, p = .001), RPH (48.8% vs. 14.0%, p < .001), and reperfusion pulmonary edema (18.3% vs. 2.9%, p < .001). The median follow‐up time was 66.0 months, and overall survival rates at 5, 10, 15, and 18 years after PEA were 91.2%, 83.9%, 64.5%, and 46.0%, respectively. Age and postoperative systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) were independently related to long‐term outcomes in the multivariate Cox analyses. Patients with postoperative sPAP less than 46 mm Hg had a higher chance of survival.ConclusionsPEA improved CTEPH hemodynamics immediately and had a positive effect on long‐term survival. Patients with postoperative sPAP ≥ 46 mm Hg indicate clinically significant RPH and have a lower long‐term survival rate.
Essential nonclinical competencies for cardiovascular specialists imperatives for training
Authors: Valentine C. Michael , Chazal Richard A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractC. Richard (Dick) Conti was a pioneer in innovation…not only in clinical and academic fields, but also in the exposure of academicians, clinicians, and trainees to various environments for expansion of their knowledge base…and world view. In an evolving environment of systems of medical care, engagement in management and planning by physicians and all members of the care team is essential to ensure quality for patients and to develop processes that work effectively for practitioners. This is particularly true in cardiovascular disease, where the majority of physicians are now part of integrated healthcare systems. Such integration can have advantages, but can also lead to a perceived and real loss of professional control over the practice of medicine. As health systems grow, even those practitioners who remain “independent” require the ability to actively engage in system programs, processes, and planning. Tools to effectively contribute to such skill sets are not commonly part of formal training. This communication describes the needs for training in nonclinical competencies, some current resources, and a model for formal integration of such instruction into cardiology fellowship training. An approach such as this honors the memory of Dick Conti, as an educator and leader who continuously looked for avenues to improve the practice of cardiovascular medicine.
A review on radiation‐hardened memory cells for space and terrestrial applications
Authors: Pavan Kumar Mukku , Lorenzo Rohit 
Published: September 2022

SummaryOver the past four decades, single event upset (SEU) and single event multiple node upset (SEMNU) have become the major issues in the memory area. Moreover, these upsets are prone to reliability issues in space, terrestrial, military, and medical applications. This article concisely reviews different researchers and academicians who proposed resilience techniques and methods to mitigate this upset mess. In addition, we also investigated the importance of and the impact of on device scaling parameters in upset mechanism, probability of memory failure, and the figure of metrics for the stability of memory cells.
No net effect of host density on tick‐borne disease hazard due to opposing roles of vector amplification and pathogen dilution
Authors: Gandy Sara , Kilbride Elizabeth , Biek Roman , Millins Caroline , Gilbert Lucy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo better understand vector‐borne disease dynamics, knowledge of the ecological interactions between animal hosts, vectors, and pathogens is needed. The effects of hosts on disease hazard depends on their role in driving vector abundance and their ability to transmit pathogens. Theoretically, a host that cannot transmit a pathogen could dilute pathogen prevalence but increase disease hazard if it increases vector population size. In the case of Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and vectored by Ixodid ticks, deer may have dual opposing effects on vectors and pathogen: deer drive tick population densities but do not transmit B. burgdorferi s.l. and could thus decrease or increase disease hazard. We aimed to test for the role of deer in shaping Lyme disease hazard by using a wide range of deer densities while taking transmission host abundance into account. We predicted that deer increase nymphal tick abundance while reducing pathogen prevalence. The resulting impact of deer on disease hazard will depend on the relative strengths of these opposing effects. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey across 24 woodlands in Scotland between 2017 and 2019, estimating host (deer, rodents) abundance, questing Ixodes ricinus nymph density, and B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence at each site. As predicted, deer density was positively associated with nymph density and negatively with nymphal infection prevalence. Overall, these two opposite effects canceled each other out: Lyme disease hazard did not vary with increasing deer density. This demonstrates that, across a wide range of deer and rodent densities, the role of deer in amplifying tick densities cancels their effect of reducing pathogen prevalence. We demonstrate how noncompetent host density has little effect on disease hazard even though they reduce pathogen prevalence, because of their role in increasing vector populations. These results have implications for informing disease mitigation strategies, especially through host management.
Ecological homogenization of soil properties in the American residential macrosystem
Authors: Ryan Christopher D. , Groffman Peter M. , Grove J. Morgan , Hall Sharon J. , Heffernan James B. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Locke Dexter H. , Morse Jennifer L. , Neill Christopher , Nelson Kristen C. , O'Neil‐Dunne Jarlath , Roy Chowdhury Rinku , Steele Meredith K. , Trammell Tara L. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe conversion of native ecosystems to residential ecosystems dominated by lawns has been a prevailing land‐use change in the United States over the past 70 years. Similar development patterns and management of residential ecosystems cause many characteristics of residential ecosystems to be more similar to each other across broad continental gradients than that of former native ecosystems. For instance, similar lawn management by irrigation and fertilizer applications has the potential to influence soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and processes. We evaluated the mean and variability of total soil C and N stocks, potential net N mineralization and nitrification, soil nitrite (NO2−)/nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) pools, microbial biomass C and N content, microbial respiration, bulk density, soil pH, and moisture content in residential lawns and native ecosystems in six metropolitan areas across a broad climatic gradient in the United States: Baltimore, MD (BAL); Boston, MA (BOS); Los Angeles, CA (LAX); Miami, FL (MIA); Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN (MSP); and Phoenix, AZ (PHX). We observed evidence of higher N cycling in lawn soils, including significant increases in soil NO2−/NO3−, microbial N pools, and potential net nitrification, and significant decreases in NH4+ pools. Self‐reported yard fertilizer application in the previous year was linked with increased NO2−/ NO3− content and decreases in total soil N and C content. Self‐reported irrigation in the previous year was associated with decreases in potential net mineralization and potential net nitrification and with increases in bulk density and pH. Residential topsoil had higher total soil C than native topsoil, and microbial biomass C was markedly higher in residential topsoil in the two driest cities (LAX and PHX). Coefficients of variation for most biogeochemical metrics were higher in native soils than in residential soils across all cities, suggesting that residential development homogenizes soil properties and processes at the continental scale.
Seasonal growth potential of Oncorhynchus mykiss in streams with contrasting prey phenology and streamflow
Authors: Rossi Gabriel J. , Power Mary E. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Grantham Theodore E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe growth of any organism depends on habitat conditions, food availability, and their seasonal interactions. Yet in the vast literature on Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus), the seasonal interaction between habitat conditions and food availability has received relatively little attention. We examined juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss rearing, physical habitat, and resource phenologies in two Mediterranean coastal streams—one perennial, cool, and shaded and the other intermittent, seasonally warm, and sunny. We used a bioenergetic model to investigate the timing and magnitude of growth potential for drift‐foraging O. mykiss during the spring and summer in both systems. Growth potential peaked at least 2 months earlier in the intermittent stream than in the perennial stream. By early summer (June), growth potential had declined in the intermittent stream, whereas growth rates were peaking in the perennial stream. However, the mid‐July lipid content of juvenile O. mykiss in the intermittent stream was nearly twice that of fish in the perennial stream. By late summer (August), foraging profitability declined in both streams, as abiotic conditions in the intermittent stream approached lethal. In contrast, the perennial stream maintained suitable abiotic conditions even though the growth rate was low. We suggest that the divergent resource phenologies and seasonal mortality risks experienced by anadromous O. mykiss rearing in these streams could drive diversification of traits governing size, age, and timing of outmigration.