bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of flooding on microbiological contamination of domestic water sources: a longitudinal study in northern Ghana
Authors: Dzodzomenyo Mawuli , Asamoah Moses , Li Chengxiu , Kichana Elvis , Wright Jim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlooding is the most frequent natural hazard globally, but evidence of its impact on domestic water point contamination remains limited. This study aimed to assess dam-related flooding’s impact on microbiological contamination of rural water points and to evaluate agreement of satellite-derived flood maps with ground-based observations of water point flooding. Fieldwork took place in two Ghanaian districts frequently flooded following dam overspill. Fifty-seven water points were tested for bacterial parameters during and immediately after flooding. Forty water points were resampled in the dry season, with the remainder having run dry. Ground-based observations of flooding were compared with three satellite-derived flood maps. Boreholes were less contaminated than wells or surface waters (geometric mean E. coli = 20.2, 175.6, and 590.7 cfu/100 ml, respectively). Among groundwater points, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated significantly greater median E. coli and thermotolerant coliform contamination during flooding (p = 0.025 and p < 0.001, respectively), but Shigella, salmonella, and intestinal enterococci counts were not significantly different between seasons. In contrast, among surface water points, E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella counts were significantly greater in dry season samples (p < 0.005 for all parameters), possibly reflecting a “concentration” effect. Satellite-derived flood maps had no or low agreement with ground-based observations of water point flooding. Although groundwater quality deteriorated during and after flooding, surface waters were the most microbiologically contaminated in both seasons. The greatest public health risk thus occurred where households switched to surface water collection during or following flood season. Flood risk should be assessed before borehole installation and existing flood-prone boreholes remediated to mitigate population exposure to contaminated water.
Multi-Omics Data Reveal the Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Gene Expression and Protein Modification in Streptomyces
Authors: Zheng Jiazhen , Li Yue , Liu Ning , Zhang Jihui , Liu Shuangjiang , Tan Huarong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Streptomycetes possess numerous gene clusters and the potential to produce a large amount of natural products. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors play an important role in the regulation of histone modifications in fungi, but their roles in prokaryotes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the global effects of the HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate (SB), on marine-derived Streptomycesolivaceus FXJ 8.021, particularly focusing on the activation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The antiSMASH analysis revealed 33 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in strain FXJ 8.021, among which the silent lobophorin BGC was activated by SB. Transcriptomic data showed that the expression of genes involved in lobophorin biosynthesis (ge00097–ge00139) and CoA-ester formation (e.g., ge02824), as well as the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway (e.g., ge01661), was significantly up-regulated in the presence of SB. Intracellular CoA-ester analysis confirmed that SB triggered the biosynthesis of CoA-ester, thereby increasing the precursor supply for lobophorin biosynthesis. Further acetylomic analysis revealed that the acetylation levels on 218 sites of 190 proteins were up-regulated and those on 411 sites of 310 proteins were down-regulated. These acetylated proteins were particularly enriched in transcriptional and translational machinery components (e.g., elongation factor GE04399), and their correlations with the proteins involved in lobophorin biosynthesis were established by protein–protein interaction network analysis, suggesting that SB might function via a complex hierarchical regulation to activate the expression of lobophorin BGC. These findings provide solid evidence that acetylated proteins triggered by SB could affect the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in prokaryotes.
Safety and efficacy of using prophylactic drainage after intra-abdominal surgeries: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis studies
Authors: Arnaout Ahmad Yamen , Ali Hassan Alhaj , Nerabani Yaman , Fallaha Mohamad Yahia , Atli Abd Alazeez , Tarabishi Joudi , Salem Rima , Arnaout Khaled , Kadoura Lama , Ghazal Ahmad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The benefit of using a prophylactic drain after intra-abdominal surgeries is still controversial among surgeons. The controversy and disagreement regarding this subject has led us to conduct an umbrella review to determine the efficacy and safety of using prophylactic drainage.

Methods
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched from 1/1/2010 to the end of October 2021 for meta-analysis and systematic. We did not include any primary studies. We assessed the risk of bias and quality of the included studies by using two tools; AMSTAR-2 tool, and ROBIS tool. We did a forest plot of all accepted studies for our primary outcomes that were abscess formation, wound infection, mortality, and re-operation. And we reported our secondary outcomes (hospital stay, morbidity, quality of life, and pain) results as they were mentioned in the accepted studies.

Results
We accepted 14 systematic reviews or meta-analyses. For gastrointestinal surgeries, drain did not improve outcomes after distal pancreatectomy, appendectomy, liver resection, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, colorectal anastomoses, or anterior rectal resections. Otherwise, routine drainage seems to be harmful to patients undergoing elective hepatectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy for non-complicated benign gallbladder, open cholecystectomy, and gastrectomy for gastric cancer; wound infection increased in the drainage group. The evidence of using drains after kidney transplantation, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and uro-oncologic surgery was low.

Conclusions
We cannot reach a definitive conclusion regarding the quality of research available on this topic. Still, accepted studies suggest that the routine use of the prophylactic drain after gastrointestinal surgeries may be harmful, except in some exceptional cases like a pancreatic resection.

Highlights
Genes on syndromic and idiopathic CTEV: A systematic review
Authors: Muhammad Hilmi , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Magetsari Rahadyan , Karsten Shannen , Saraswati Paramita Ayu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot, is a common but understudied developmental disease of the lower limb. The cause of congenital clubfoot is unclear, and the role of environmental and genetic factors remains unknown. Idiopathic CTEV and syndromic CTEV have rather different clinical features, proposed etiopathogenetic mechanisms, and treatment options. This study aimed to provide an update on the genes involved in idiopathic and syndromic CTEV.

Methods
We conducted this systematic review according to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement, only papers that have been published from the year 2019 until the search date was included. Three medical electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and European PMC) were searched by a single author on October 24th, 2021. The titles and abstracts were screened where studies of any level of evidence reporting clinical or preclinical results published from 2019 onwards, mentioned gene(s) involved in cases presenting with CTEV (idiopathic and syndromic) were included. Data were synthesized with use of the Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA).

Results
Fifty-three studies were included and analyzed in this paper, which met all inclusion criteria (11 articles that discussed genes involved in the presence of isolated CTEV and 42 articles for syndromes with CTEV phenotypes). The top three individual genes mentioned were PITX1, MTHFR, and ZC4H2 for the idiopathic, also HOX D13, SLC 26A2, and TBX4 for the syndromic. The top three family genes related to CTEV were HOX family, CASP family, and COL family. According to the results, the most often involved in idiopathic CTEV is HOX gene. Including studies of any level of evidence reporting clinical or preclinical results that mentioned gene(s) involved in cases presenting with CTEV carries a greater risk of being due to multiple biases. High heterogeneity and the paucity of high-profile studies on the etiology of CTEV also sets a major limitation for this study.

Conclusions
Genetic play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic and syndromic CTEV. PITX1 and MTHFR gene are the most frequently mentioned individual gene for idiopathic CTEV, whereas ZC4H2 gene being the most mentioned for syndromic CTEV. The HOX family genes were also found to be associated with both phenotypes.

Highlights
Divided Environments
Authors: Selby Jan , Daoust Gabrielle , Hoffmann Clemens 
Published: September 2022

What are the implications of climate change for twenty-first-century conflict and security? Rising temperatures, it is often said, will bring increased drought, more famine, heightened social vulnerability, and large-scale political and violent conflict; indeed, many claim that this future is already with us. Divided Environments, however, shows that this is mistaken. Focusing especially on the links between climate change, water and security, and drawing on detailed evidence from Israel-Palestine, Syria, Sudan and elsewhere, it shows both that mainstream environmental security narratives are misleading, and that the actual security implications of climate change are very different from how they are often imagined. Addressing themes as wide-ranging as the politics of droughts, the contradictions of capitalist development and the role of racism in environmental change, while simultaneously articulating an original 'international political ecology' approach to the study of socio-environmental conflicts, Divided Environments offers a new and important interpretation of our planetary future.
The Torelli theorem for gravitational instantons
Authors: Collins Tristan , Jacob Adam , Lin Yu-Shen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We give a short proof of the Torelli theorem for

$ALH^*$

gravitational instantons using the authors’ previous construction of mirror special Lagrangian fibrations in del Pezzo surfaces and rational elliptic surfaces together with recent work of Sun-Zhang. In particular, this includes an identification of 10 diffeomorphism types of

$ALH^*_b$

gravitational instantons.
Introduction: social protection in the Western Balkans
Authors: Bartlett Will , Uvalić Milica 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis introductory essay situates the papers in this Thematic Section within the background of social policy development in the Western Balkans during the long period of transition following the break-up of former Yugoslavia. We identify three stages of transformation of social protection policies. The first, in the 1990s, was characterised by a continuation of the Yugoslav legacy of social insurance, while many work-based benefits were lost during privatisation. In the second stage, international institutions promoted individualised social protection policies, taken up in some countries but avoided in others. In the third phase, EU influence on social policies accompanied the prolonged EU accession process, with an emphasis on the introduction of work-care policies, early childhood education and the remediation of in-work poverty. The four papers address these issues in greater detail and provide a basis for re-evaluating progress with social protection policies in the Western Balkans in the future.
SPACINGS BETWEEN SELECTED PRIME DIVISORS OF AN INTEGER
Authors: DE KONINCK JEAN-MARIE , KÁTAI IMRE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven a large integer n, determining the relative size of each of its prime divisors as well as the spacings between these prime divisors has been the focus of several studies. Here, we examine the spacings between particular types of prime divisors of n, such as prime divisors in certain congruence classes of primes and various other subsets of the set of prime numbers.
Integrative taxonomy suggests that South American freshwater nematodes Echinocephalus and their host stingrays co-originated in late Oligocene to early Miocene
Authors: Müller M. I. , Adriano E. A. , Oliveira M. S.B. , Corrêa L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nematoda of the genus Echinocephalus Molin, 1858 include species from the Gnathostomatidae family, the adult stages of which parasitize the stomach and spiral intestine of elasmobranchs as their final hosts. In the present study, we describe Echinocephalus spinosus n. sp. found parasitizing the spiral valve of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro from the Tapajós River, in the Amazon Basin, in the state of Pará, Brazil. In the study we performed morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular (small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequencing) analyses. E. spinosus n. sp. is only the second species of the Echinocephalus genus described from a strictly freshwater environment. The SSU rDNA based phylogenetic analyses showed Echinocephalus clade as a sister lineage of Gnathostoma, and that the new species arises as a sister to Echinocephalus cf. pseudouncinatus. Time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis revealed that the origin of the freshwater Echinocephalus coincides with the recently proposed origin of the freshwater host potamotrygonin stingray, namely the late Oligocene to early Miocene, when the western Amazon was dominated by the Pebas wetlands, an epicontinental marine/freshwater system.
A study of S-100 based product specifications from a software implementation point of view: focusing on data model representation, similar features and symbols, and ECDIS and VTS software
Authors: Lee Seojeong , Lee Changui , Kim Geonhong , Na Hwajin , Kim Hyoseung , Lee Jeongseok , Park Minsik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractE-navigation provides the opportunity to apply modern digital and other electronic enhancements to improve the safety and efficiency of maritime navigation. Under the broad banner of e-navigation, the International Hydrographic Organization's S-100 product specification framework is facilitating the establishment of a standard maritime data structure to enable a free-flowing exchange of navigation information between ships, ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship. There are currently over 30 S-100 based product specifications at various stages of development. For the data standard to be properly used, navigation software products must be capable of reading as well as comprehending the data format and content. To develop robust and stable software, the S-100 data models and product specifications must be consistent, accurate and interoperable in conveying various types of information. This paper describes the results of research on S-100 based product specifications from the viewpoint of developing maritime navigation software. In particular, issues related to software development for Electronic Chart Display Information System (ECDIS) and Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) are discussed, including appropriate data model analysis, processing of features, and symbols overlapping with other product specifications. Proposed solutions for some identified issues are presented.
Parallelism within serialism: primary stress is different
Authors: Pruitt Kathryn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrimary word stress is typologically diverse. In some languages, the metrical structure of a word predicts the location of primary stress, while in other languages it does not. This diversity is considered through the lens of Harmonic Serialism (HS), a serial constraint-based theory, and it is argued that HS must incorporate a limited degree of parallelism to capture the typology. Namely, primary-stress assignment is simultaneous with foot-building and also mobile, being (re)assessed throughout a metrical derivation. But incorporating this parallelism into HS is both possible and desirable: the positive typological consequences of HS are preserved, and the implied formal divergence between the prosodic word and the foot with respect to parallelism echoes a fundamental distinction that is visible in a wide range of extant theoretical and empirical findings.
Carbonyl Sulfide Sulfur Isotope Fractionation During Uptake by C3 and C4 Plants
Authors: Davidson Chen , Amrani Alon , Angert Alon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (COS) is a major long‐lived sulfur‐containing gas in the atmosphere. Similar to CO2, COS main sink is the uptake by terrestrial plants. Therefore, COS is used as a proxy for CO2 uptake by terrestrial plants (gross primary production [GPP]). Currently, COS budget estimates have large uncertainties. Sulfur isotopes measurements are used in an isotopic mass‐balance to constrain the COS budget. Here we conducted plant‐chamber experiments for determining the isotopic fractionation during COS uptake by C3 and C4 plants, and that associated with enzymatic fractionation inside plant leaves. We also conducted COS diffusion in nitrogen experiment to determine the fractionation associated with COS diffusion through plant stomata. We then measured the δ34S values of COS from these experiments by a gas chromatograph/multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Applying these measured δ34S values, we calculated fractionations (εplant) of −1.6 ± 0.1‰ and −5.4 ± 0.5‰ during COS uptake for C3 plants and C4 plants respectively. A fractionation of −5.2 ± 0.5‰ for COS diffusion through plant stomata was calculated as well. We estimate the total diffusive component of plant uptake fractionation (including boundary layer, stomata, and gas‐liquid interface diffusions) as −1.6 ± 0.1‰. Using plant chamber measurements under high CO2 and COS concentrations we calculated the enzymatic component of the plant uptake fractionation as −15 ± 2‰. Based on the diffusive and enzymatic components of plant uptake fractionation, we calculate COS concentrations inside plant leaves. Using the C3 and C4 fractionation results, a value of −2.3 ± 0.5‰ is estimated as the global plant uptake fractionation, which can be incorporated into improved COS‐based‐GPP estimates in the future.
Quantum dot lasing from a waterproof and stretchable polymer film
Authors: Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad , Geiregat Pieter , Van Acker Frederik , Beeckman Jeroen , Hens Zeger , Aubert Tangi , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) are excellent optical gain materials that combine high material gain, a strong absorption of pump light, stability under strong light exposure and a suitability for solution-based processing. The integration of QDs in laser cavities that fully exploit the potential of these emerging optical materials remains, however, a challenge. In this work, we report on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, which consists of a thin film of QDs embedded between two layers of polymerized chiral liquid crystal. Forward directed, circularly polarized defect mode lasing under nanosecond-pulsed excitation is demonstrated within the photonic band gap of the chiral liquid crystal. Stable and long-term narrow-linewidth lasing of an exfoliated free-standing, flexible film under water is obtained at room temperature. Moreover, we show that the lasing wavelength of this flexible cavity shifts under influence of pressure, strain or temperature. As such, the combination of solution processable and stable inorganic QDs with high chiral liquid crystal reflectivity and effective polymer encapsulation leads to a flexible device with long operational lifetime, that can be immersed in different protic solvents to act as a sensor.
Are infections associated with cognitive decline and neuroimaging outcomes? A historical cohort study using data from the UK Biobank study linked to electronic health records
Authors: Muzambi Rutendo , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Rentsch Christopher T. , Smeeth Liam , Brayne Carol , Garfield Victoria , Williams Dylan M. , Chaturvedi Nish , Warren-Gash Charlotte 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile there is growing evidence of associations between infections and dementia risk, associations with cognitive impairment and potential structural correlates of cognitive decline remain underexplored. Here we aimed to investigate the presence and nature of any associations between common infections, cognitive decline and neuroimaging parameters. The UK Biobank is a large volunteer cohort (over 500,000 participants recruited aged 40–69) with linkage to primary and secondary care records. Using linear mixed effects models, we compared participants with and without a history of infections for changes in cognitive function during follow-up. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association of infections with hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. 16,728 participants (median age 56.0 years [IQR 50.0–61.0]; 51.3% women) had baseline and follow-up cognitive measures. We found no evidence of an association between the presence of infection diagnoses and cognitive decline for mean correct response time (slope difference [infections versus no infections] = 0.40 ms, 95% CI: −0.17–0.96 per year), visual memory (slope difference 0.0004 log errors per year, 95% CI: −0.003–0.004, fluid intelligence (slope difference 0.007, 95% CI: −0.010–0.023) and prospective memory (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68–1.14). No evidence of an association was found between infection site, setting or frequency and cognitive decline except for small associations on the visual memory test. We found no association between infections and hippocampal or WMH volume. Limitations of our study include selection bias, potential practice effects and the relatively young age of our cohort. Our findings do not support a major role for common midlife infections in contributing to cognitive decline for this cohort. Further research is warranted in individuals with more severe infections, for infections occurring later in life.
Gasdermin D-deficient mice are hypersensitive to acute kidney injury
Authors: Tonnus Wulf , Maremonti Francesca , Belavgeni Alexia , Latk Markus , Kusunoki Yoshihiro , Brucker Anne , von Mässenhausen Anne , Meyer Claudia , Locke Sophie , Gembardt Florian , Beer Kristina , Hoppenz Paul , Becker Jan U. , Hugo Christian , Anders Hans-Joachim , Bornstein Stefan R. , Shao Feng , Linkermann Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSignaling pathways of regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis, contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI), but the role of pyroptosis is unclear. Pyroptosis is mediated by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD). Here, we report a specific pattern of GSDMD-protein expression in the peritubular compartment of mice that underwent bilateral ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Along similar lines, the GSDMD-protein expression in whole kidney lysates increased during the first 84 h following cisplatin-induced AKI. Importantly, unlike whole kidney lysates, no GSDMD-protein expression was detectable in isolated kidney tubules. In IRI and cisplatin-induced AKI, GSDMD-deficient mice exhibited hypersensitivity to injury as assessed by tubular damage, elevated markers of serum urea, and serum creatinine. This hypersensitivity was reversed by a combined deficiency of GSDMD and the necroptosis mediator mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). In conclusion, we demonstrate a non-cell autonomous role for GSDMD in protecting the tubular compartment from necroptosis-mediated damage in IRI.