bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Alcohol Interventions are Effective through 6 Months: Findings from Marginalized Zero-inflated Poisson and Negative Binomial Models in a Two-step IPD Meta-analysis
Authors: Mun Eun-Young , Zhou Zhengyang , Huh David , Tan Lin , Li Dateng , Tanner-Smith Emily E. , Walters Scott T. , Larimer Mary E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo evaluate and optimize brief alcohol interventions (BAIs), it is critical to have a credible overall effect size estimate as a benchmark. Estimating such an effect size has been challenging because alcohol outcomes often represent responses from a mixture of individuals: those at high risk for alcohol misuse, occasional nondrinkers, and abstainers. Moreover, some BAIs exclusively focus on heavy drinkers, whereas others take a universal prevention approach. Depending on sample characteristics, the outcome distribution might have many zeros or very few zeros and overdispersion; consequently, the most appropriate statistical model may differ across studies. We synthesized individual participant data (IPD) from 19 studies in Project INTEGRATE (Mun et al., 2015b) that randomly allocated participants to intervention and control groups (N = 7,704 participants, 38.4% men, 74.7% White, 58.5% first-year students). We sequentially estimated marginalized zero-inflated Poisson (Long et al., 2014) or negative binomial regression models to obtain covariate-adjusted, study-specific intervention effect estimates in the first step, which were subsequently combined in a random-effects meta-analysis model in the second step. BAIs produced a statistically significant 8% advantage in the mean number of drinks at both 1–3 months (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = [0.85, 0.98]) and 6 months (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = [0.85, 0.99]) compared to controls. At 9–12 months, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of drinks between BAIs and controls. In conclusion, BAIs are effective at reducing the mean number of drinks through at least 6 months post intervention. IPD can play a critical role in deriving findings that could not be obtained in original individual studies or standard aggregate data meta-analyses.
How should the respiration rate be counted in cattle?
Authors: Dißmann L. , Heinicke J. , Jensen K. C. , Amon T. , Hoffmann G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRespiration rate (RR) is a proficient indicator to measure the health status of cattle. The common method of measurement is to count the number of respiratory cycles each minute based on flank movements. However, there is no consistent method of execution. In previous studies, various methods have been described, including counting flank movements for 15 s, 30 s or 60 s as well as stopping the time for 5 or 10 breaths. We assume that the accuracy of the aforementioned methods differs. Therefore, we compared their precision with an RR sensor, which was used as the reference method in this study. Five scientists from the fields of agricultural science and veterinary medicine quantified the flank movement according to each of the five methods mentioned above. The results showed that with an average RR of 30 breaths per minute (bpm), all methods showed a high correlation to the values of the RR sensor. However, counting breaths for 60 s had the highest level of conformity with the RR sensor (Lin`s concordance correlation coefficient: 0.96) regardless of the level of RR. With rising RR, the inaccuracy increased significantly for the other four investigated methods, especially when counting 5 and 10 breaths. Therefore, we would recommend that counting for 60 s should be used as the standard method for future studies due to its high precision regardless of the level of RR.
What’s age got to do with it? The effect of board member age diversity: a systematic review
Authors: Gardiner Elliroma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current research is a systematic review of 54 empirical papers from 1996 to 2022 which aim to investigate whether board member age diversity influences a firm’s financial and non-financial outcomes. Analysis of the extant research reveals board member age diversity to be an inconsistent predictor of both the financial and non-financial performance of a firm. Apart from CSR performance, which was found to more consistently be positively associated with age diversity, most studies included in the review failed to identify age diversity as a significant predictor of firm outcomes, however several positive, negative and curvilinear relationships were found by some studies. The lack of a consistent trend of significant associations may indicate that age diverse boards perform no better or worse than non-diverse boards or, more likely, given the inconsistent pattern of results, this research highlights that there may be other factors, such as team processes or task characteristics, which differentially impact whether age diversity has a positive, negative, curvilinear or no effect on outcomes. The current work is the first to systematically evaluate the available data on board age diversity and provides a clear account of what is known and what is not known about the relationship between board member age diversity and financial and non-financial outcomes. This study offers important insights and practical recommendations to researchers, HRM practitioners and policy makers interested in understanding how board composition factors influence the performance of corporate boards.
PrEdictive value of coMbined pre-test proBability and blOod gas anaLysis In pulmonary emboliSM—the EMBOLISM study
Authors: Meusel Moritz , Pätz Toni , Gruber Kim , Kupp Sebastian , Jensch Philipp-Johannes , Saraei Roza , Fürschke Alexander , Sayk Friedhelm , Eitel Ingo , Wolfrum Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), the number of unnecessary computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) scans remains high, especially in patients with low pre-test probability (PTP). So far, no study showed any additional benefit of capillary blood gas analysis (BGA) in diagnostic algorithms for PE. In this retrospective analysis of patients with suspected PE and subsequent CTPA, clinical data, D-dimer levels and BGA parameters (including standardized PaO2) were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors for PE and reduce unnecessary CTPA examinations in patients with low PTP according to Wells score. Of 1538 patients, PE was diagnosed in 433 patients (28.2%). The original Wells score (odds ratio: 1.381 [95% CI 1.300–1.467],p < 0.001) and standardized PaO2 (odds ratio: 0.987 [95% CI 0.978–0.996],p = 0.005) were independent predictors for PE. After cohort adjustment for low PTP a D-dimer cut-off < 1.5 mg/L (278 patients (18.1%) with 18 PE (6.5%)) was identified in which a standardized PaO2 > 65 mmHg reduced the number of unnecessary CTPA by 31.9% with a 100% sensitivity. This approach was further validated in additional 53 patients with low PTP. In this validation group CTPA examinations were reduced by 32.7%. No patient with PE was missed. With our novel algorithm combining BGA testing with low PTP according to Wells score, we were able to increase the D-Dimer threshold to 1.5 mg/L and reduce CTPA examinations by approximately 32%.
Systemic Therapy for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: Current Standards and Emerging Challenges
Authors: Huang Wen-Kuan , Wu Chiao-En , Wang Shang-Yu , Chang Ching-Fu , Chou Wen-Chi , Chen Jen-Shi , Yeh Chun-Nan 
Published: August 2022

Opinion statementGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), though rare, is the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. KIT or PDGFRα mutation plays as an oncogenic driver in the majority of GISTs. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for localized disease. The discovery of imatinib with promising anti-tumor effect and successive tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), including second-line sunitinib and third-line regorafenib, revolutionized the management of advanced and metastatic GIST over the past two decades. Recently, ripretinib and avapritinib were approved for the fourth line setting and for PDGFRA exon 18-mutant GIST in first-line setting, respectively. Despite multi-line TKIs exerted ability of disease control, drug resistance remained an obstacle for preventing rapid disease progression. Experimental TKIs or novel therapeutic targets may further improve treatment efficacy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) and anti-CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) showed moderate response in early phase trials composed of heavily pretreated patients. KIT/PDGFRα wild-type GISTs are generally less sensitive to imatinib and late-line TKIs. Recent studies demonstrated that targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling may be a potential target for the wild-type GISTs.
AIF Overexpression Aggravates Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Male Mice After Hypoxia–Ischemia Injury
Authors: Li Tao , Sun Yanyan , Zhang Shan , Xu Yiran , Li Kenan , Xie Cuicui , Wang Yong , Wang Yafeng , Cao Jing , Wang Xiaoyang , Penninger Josef M. , Kroemer Guido , Blomgren Klas , Zhu Changlian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There are sex differences in the severity, mechanisms, and outcomes of neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) brain injury, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) may play a critical role in this discrepancy. Based on previous findings that AIF overexpression aggravates neonatal HI brain injury, we further investigated potential sex differences in the severity and molecular mechanisms underlying the injury using mice that overexpress AIF from homozygous transgenes. We found that the male sex significantly aggravated AIF-driven brain damage, as indicated by the injury volume in the gray matter (2.25 times greater in males) and by the lost volume of subcortical white matter (1.71 greater in males) after HI. As compared to females, male mice exhibited more severe brain injury, correlating with reduced antioxidant capacities, more pronounced protein carbonylation and nitration, and increased neuronal cell death. Under physiological conditions (without HI), the doublecortin-positive area in the dentate gyrus of females was 1.15 times larger than in males, indicating that AIF upregulation effectively promoted neurogenesis in females in the long term. We also found that AIF stimulated carbohydrate metabolism in young males. Altogether, these findings corroborate earlier studies and further demonstrate that AIF is involved in oxidative stress, which contributes to the sex-specific differences observed in neonatal HI brain injury.
Chemogenetic and Optogenetic Manipulations of Microglia in Chronic Pain
Authors: Parusel Sebastian , Yi Min-Hee , Hunt Christine L. , Wu Long-Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic pain relief remains an unmet medical need. Current research points to a substantial contribution of glia-neuron interaction in its pathogenesis. Particularly, microglia play a crucial role in the development of chronic pain. To better understand the microglial contribution to chronic pain, specific regional and temporal manipulations of microglia are necessary. Recently, two new approaches have emerged that meet these demands. Chemogenetic tools allow the expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically in microglia. Similarly, optogenetic tools allow for microglial manipulationviathe activation of artificially expressed, light-sensitive proteins. Chemo- and optogenetic manipulations of microgliain vivoare powerful in interrogating microglial function in chronic pain. This review summarizes these emerging tools in studying the role of microglia in chronic pain and highlights their potential applications in microglia-related neurological disorders.
Microplastic Contamination of Composts and Liquid Fertilizers from Municipal Biowaste Treatment Plants: Effects of the Operating Conditions
Authors: Steiner Thomas , Möller Julia N. , Löder Martin G. J. , Hilbrig Frank , Laforsch Christian , Freitag Ruth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-caloric-value household biowaste is an attractive substrate for the production of biogas and fertilizer. Most household biowaste is contaminated by plastics, typically in the form of bags and foils from packaging. Operators of municipal biowaste treatment plans take great care to remove these contaminants, often at the cost of reducing the organic material entering the process. This study compares the residual plastic contamination of fertilizer (composts, digestates) from biowaste treatment plants with compost produced from greenery and digestates produced by agricultural biogas plants processing manure and energy crops. While the fertilizers from the agricultural biogas plants and greenery composts were minimally contaminated by plastic, we found considerable numbers of plastic fragments in the composts/fertilizers from the biowaste treatment plants. Moreover, while certainly being influenced by the quality of the incoming biowaste, this residual contamination appeared to depend largely on the operating conditions. In particular, shredding of the incoming material increased the degree of contamination. Sieving was an efficient method for the removal of fragments > 5 mm but was less efficient for the removal of smaller fragments. In view of the number of the recovered fragments in that size range, it is likely that still none of the finished composts surpassed the current dry weight limits imposed for the plastic contamination of high-quality composts with fragments > 1 mm in Europe (0.3% of dry weight) nor even in Germany (0.1% of dry weight). The contamination of the liquid fertilizer produced via anaerobic digestion by three of the investigated biowaste treatment plants (up to 10,000 particles with a size between 10 and 1000 μm−1) may pose a more serious concern.

Graphical Abstract
The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction
Authors: Dimik Marko , Abeysinghe Pevindu , Logan Jayden , Mitchell Murray 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExosomes are nano-vesicles (30–150 nm) which may be useful as therapeutic delivery vehicles and as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are produced naturally within the human body and therefore are not prone to immunogenicity effects which would otherwise destroy unelicited foreign bodies. Clinically, they have been regarded as ideal candidates for applications relating to biomarker developments for the early detection of different diseases. Furthermore, exosomes may be of interest as potential drug delivery vehicles, which may improve factors such as bioavailability of loaded molecular cargo, side effect profiles, off-target effects, and pharmacokinetics of drug molecules. In this review, the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnostics will be explored, alongside exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles. This review will evaluate techniques for cargo loading, and the capacity of loaded exosomes to improve various reproductive disease states. It becomes important, therefore, to consider factors such as loading efficiency, loading methods, cell viability, exosomal sources, exosome isolation, and the potential therapeutic benefits of exosomes. Issues related to targeted drug delivery will also be discussed. Finally, the variety of therapeutic cargo and the application of appropriate loading methods is explored, in the context of establishing clinical utility.
Graphical abstract
Exosomes have more recently been widely accpeted as potential tools for disease diagnostics and the targeted delivery of certain therapeutic molecules–and in due time exosomes will be utilised more commonly within the clinical setting. Specifically, exosomal biomarkers can be identified and related to various detrimental conditions which occur during pregnancy. Considering, this review will explore the potential future of exosomes as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic delivery vehicles to treat related conditions, including the challenges which exist towards incorporating exosomes within the clinical environment to benefit patients.
Optimisation of Preventive Maintenance Regime Based on Failure Mode System Modelling Considering Reliability
Authors: Alamri Theyab O. , Mo John P. T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractToday, the ability to maintain a continuous complex system operation is viewed as a key attribute for ensuring uninterrupted revenue contribution and the survival of a business. Many industrial organisations have come to understand that by having an effective plan of maintenance, the efficiency and reliability of a system can be improved, while costs can be minimised and revenue-generating production can continue. The novelty of this paper is based on using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to develop a holistic preventive maintenance schedule for a complete system. A system can be modelled as a series and parallel arrangement of subsystems and components, and failure of different components of the system can be determined from their life expectancy. The objective is to ensure continuity of production output while maintaining a high level of system reliability and minimising the total maintenance costs. The reliability of a complete system is analysed using the Weibull failure-time distribution. By using the exhaustive search optimisation method, the maintenance cost is minimised by determining the optimal replacement interval for each FMEA block, subject to system reliability. Based on the results obtained from a case study, it is shown that the approach in this paper can ensure the continuity of production output during maintenance activities, reduce system maintenance costs, and achieve maximum system reliability. This holistic approach can be applied to any form of complex system, and at every step of the process.
Decarbonising the automotive sector: a primary raw material perspective on targets and timescales
Authors: Petavratzi Evi , Gunn Gus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract Decarbonisation of the automotive sector will require increased amounts of raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and rare earth elements. Consequently, it is crucial to assess whether supply will be able to meet forecast demand within the required timescale. The automotive sector relies on complex global supply chains comprising four tiers. We have developed an integrated timeline from tier 4 (supply of raw materials) through to tier 1, the production of electric vehicles (EVs). Numerous factors, mainly economic, political, social and environmental, influence the duration of tier 4 leading to considerable variation between projects. However, our analysis demonstrates that it commonly takes more than 30 years from initial exploration to EV production. Tier 4, which is often neglected by the automotive industry, may account for 20 years of that period. This suggests that raw material supply is unlikely to match the projected demand from electrification of the automotive sector up to 2030. Reducing the duration of tier 4 will be difficult, although governments and industry can mitigate supply risks in various ways. These include multi-disciplinary international research across the supply chain and the transformation of research findings into policy and best practice. Supply chain convergence, with businesses across the supply chain working to develop long-term plans for secure and sustainable supply, will also be beneficial. In addition, global stakeholders should work together to resolve ESG challenges to supply. All these measures depend on the availability of researchers and industry personnel with appropriate skills and knowledge.
The Influence of Knowledge, Trust, and Perceived Risk on Firefighters’ Preparedness and Willingness to Respond to Nuclear Emergencies: The Case of South Korea
Authors: Choi Jongan , Lee Sangkyu , Choi HaeYoun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAt the site of nuclear accidents, firefighters situated near nuclear power plants (NPPs) assume responsibility for suppressing fires and rescuing workers from leaked radiation. Their timely responses to nuclear emergencies can prevent or minimize the catastrophic impacts of these accidents. Despite their important role in nuclear emergency management, little is known about the factors that influence firefighters’ nuclear emergency responses. We recruited 179 Korean firefighters (96% male) situated near NPPs. We examined whether and how knowledge regarding nuclear accidents and trust in the authorities operating nuclear power plants were related to firefighters’ risk perceptions of nuclear accidents to predict their preparedness and willingness to respond to nuclear emergencies. Our results indicate that trust moderated the effect of knowledge on the perceived risk of nuclear accidents, and that the perceived risk mediated the relationship between knowledge and firefighters’ preparedness and willingness to respond to nuclear emergencies. The results revealed a pattern of moderated mediation, in which perceived risk mediated the indirect effect of knowledge on preparedness and willingness when the firefighters’ trust was low, but not when it was high.
Nutrient Removal by Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Nguyen Luong N. , Aditya Lisa , Vu Hang P. , Johir Abu Hasan , Bennar Lucia , Ralph Peter , Hoang Ngoc B. , Zdarta Jakub , Nghiem Long D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlgae cultivation complements wastewater treatment (WWT) principles as the process uptakes nutrients while assimilates CO2 into biomass. Thus, the application of algae-based WWT is on the upward trajectory as more attention for recovery nutrients and CO2 capture while reducing its economic challenge in the circular economy concept. However, the complexity of wastewater and algal ecological characteristics induces techno-economic challenges for industry implementation. Algae-based WWT relies totally on the ability of algae to uptake and store nutrients in the biomass. Therefore, the removal efficiency is proportional to biomass productivity. This removal mechanism limits algae applications to low nutrient concentration wastewater. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of algae-based WWT is significantly long (i.e. > 10 days), compared to a few hours in bacteria-based process. Phototrophic algae are the most used process in algae-based WWT studies as well as in pilot-scale trials. Application of phototrophic algae in wastewater faces challenges to supply CO2 and illumination. Collectively, significant landscape is required for illumination. Algae-based WWT has limited organic removals, which require pretreatment of wastewaters before flowing into the algal process. Algae-based WWT can be used in connection with the bacteria-based WWT to remove partial nutrients while capturing CO2. Future research should strive to achieve fast and high growth rate, strong environmental tolerance species, and simple downstream processing and high-value biomass. There is also a clear and urgent need for more systematic analysis of biomass for both carbon credit assessment and economic values to facilitate identification and prioritisation of barriers to lower the cost algae-based WWT.
Graphical abstract