bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eliminating the Wavefunction from Quantum Dynamics: The Bi-Hamilton–Jacobi Theory, Trajectories and Time Reversal
Authors: Holland Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe observe that Schrödinger’s equation may be written as two real coupled Hamilton–Jacobi (HJ)-like equations, each involving a quantum potential. Developing our established programme of representing the quantum state through exact free-standing deterministic trajectory models, it is shown how quantum evolution may be treated as the autonomous propagation of two coupled congruences. The wavefunction at a point is derived from two action functions, each generated by a single trajectory. The model shows that conservation as expressed through a continuity equation is not a necessary component of a trajectory theory of state. Probability is determined by the difference in the action functions, not by the congruence densities. The theory also illustrates how time-reversal symmetry may be implemented through the collective behaviour of elements that individually disobey the conventional transformation ($$\mathrm{T}$$
T
) of displacement (scalar) and velocity (reversal). We prove that an integral curve of the linear superposition of two vectors can be derived algebraically from the integral curves of one of the constituent vectors labelled by integral curves associated with the other constituent. A corollary establishes relations between displacement functions in diverse trajectory models, including where the functions obey different symmetry transformations. This is illustrated by showing that a ($$\mathrm{T}$$
T
-obeying) de Broglie-Bohm trajectory is a sequence of points on the (non-$$\mathrm{T}$$
T
) HJ trajectories, and vice versa.
Algorithm for Determination of Cutoff Frequency of Noise Floor Level for Terahertz Time-Domain Signals
Authors: Reyes-Reyes E.S. , Carriles-Jaimes R. , Castro-Camus E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe frequency-dependent signal-to-noise ratio of terahertz time-domain signals is a relevant source of uncertainty for parameters measured with it. It also limits the total usable bandwidth of such signals. In the great majority of cases, the processes to establish the limits of this usable bandwidth are determined based on the experience of the user. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a procedure to automate this calculation. In this work, a method to estimate the bandwidth of terahertz time-domain signals is presented. Different spectra were analyzed, showing the potential of the algorithm in the calculation of cutoff frequencies which delimits the usable bandwidth.
Edible algae allergenicity – a short report
Authors: James Christopher A. , Welham Simon , Rose Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of seaweed and algal derived products in the food industry has grown rapidly in recent times. Major areas of expansion have been in Western countries where algae derived commodities are being utilised as edible foods or sources of high value ingredients. However, studies focused on potential allergenicity attributed to these food items, prevalence of allergenicity, and public health awareness are limited. Therefore, the current research summarises the existing literature focused on algal induced allergy in humans. Of the available literature, a total of 937 titles were identified, and 33 articles underwent subsequent full-text screening. Most research focused on prevalence and were derived from studies conducted in Europe (58%), North America and Canada (33%), and the remainder Australia and South Korea (9%). No studies addressed the need for public education or labelling of algal products. Our review reports that the available evidence identified points to algal derived products as being potential sources of allergens in the human food chain. Several components have been characterised that are shown to induce allergic responses in humans. Few studies have assessed the prevalence of algal allergenicity in the general population and as such further research is warranted given the increased usage of these products in the food industry.
Factors Underpinning the Shift to Eveningness during Early Adolescence: Pubertal Development and Family Conflicts
Authors: Díaz Morales Juan F. , Escribano Cristina , Puig-Navarro Yaiza , Jankowski Konrad S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBiological and psychosocial factors have been related to the shift to eveningness during early adolescence but it is necessary to study them from a longitudinal perspective. This longitudinal study examined the contribution of these factors to the onset of a shift towards eveningness in early adolescence. A sample of 440 (49.9% boys) Spanish adolescents were assessed for pubertal development, family conflicts, and morningness/eveningness. The same measures were taken twice at the age of 12 and one year later (T1: M = 12.47, SD = 0.75 and T2: M = 13.64, SD = 0.78). Pubertal development and family conflicts were considered predictors of morningness/eveningness in a mixed-effects multilevel model. The developmental shift towards eveningness appeared in girls but not in boys. The shift was related to more advanced pubertal development and more conflicts in the family. This study has implications for shaping healthy sleep habits in adolescents and possible interventions focused on family dynamics.
Platform-Based Internationalization of Smaller Firms: The Role of Government Policy
Authors: Singh Nitish , Munjal Surender , Kundu Sumit , Rangarajan K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGovernments are recognizing anticompetitive concerns and market distortions associated with the rise of e-commerce platforms. Thus, policies are being crafted to level the playing field between large platform operators and small platform sellers. In addition, policies mitigating barriers to internationalization associated with using e-commerce platforms are also being developed. This study aims to explore these policy actions impacting the platform-based internationalization of small and micro enterprises (SMEs). The case study method is adopted to provide rich insights into the Indian Government policy actions impacting the e-commerce platform-based internationalization of Indian SMEs. More specifically, this investigation analyzes the extent to which the Indian Government policy actions have mitigated the home market and industry-level barriers to export for SMEs leveraging e-commerce platforms for their internationalization efforts. Study findings provide rich policy implications and fodder for future empirical testing of key qualitative insights uncovered in this study.
Opportunistic Screening Techniques for Analysis of CT Scans
Authors: Engelke Klaus , Chaudry Oliver , Bartenschlager Stefan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Opportunistic screening is a combination of techniques to identify subjects of high risk for osteoporotic fracture using routine clinical CT scans prescribed for diagnoses unrelated to osteoporosis. The two main components are automated detection of vertebral fractures and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in CT scans, in which a phantom for calibration of CT to BMD values is not used. This review describes the particular challenges of opportunistic screening and provides an overview and comparison of current techniques used for opportunistic screening. The review further outlines the performance of opportunistic screening.

Recent Findings
A wide range of technologies for the automatic detection of vertebral fractures have been developed and successfully validated. Most of them are based on artificial intelligence algorithms. The automated differentiation of osteoporotic from traumatic fractures and vertebral deformities unrelated to osteoporosis, the grading of vertebral fracture severity, and the detection of mild vertebral fractures is still problematic. The accuracy of automated fracture detection compared to classical radiological semi-quantitative Genant scoring is about 80%. Accuracy errors of alternative BMD calibration methods compared to simultaneous phantom-based calibration used in standard quantitative CT (QCT) range from below 5% to about 10%. The impact of contrast agents, frequently administered in clinical CT on the determination of BMD and on fracture risk determination is still controversial.

Summary
Opportunistic screening, the identification of vertebral fracture and the measurement of BMD using clinical routine CT scans, is feasible but corresponding techniques still need to be integrated into the clinical workflow and further validated with respect to the prediction of fracture risk.
Nano Zinc Oxide Improves Performance, IGF-I mRNA Expression, Meat Quality, and Humeral Immune Response and Alleviates Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Immunohistochemistry of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Alian Heba A. , Samy Hayam M. , Ibrahim Mohammed T. , Yusuf Mohamed S. , Mahmoud Manal M. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 35-day trial was set to explore the effects of different dietary zinc sources on growth, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression, meat quality, immune response, antioxidant activity, and immunohistochemistry of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κ7B) of broiler chickens. Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 156) were randomly assigned into four experimental groups. The G1 received the basal control diet without zinc supplementation; the G2, G3, and G4 were supplemented with zinc oxide, zinc lysine, and nano zinc oxide, respectively, at a level of 40 mg Zn/kg diet. The data revealed that nano zinc oxide linearly improved the overall growth performance parameters. Nano zinc oxide linearly elevated (P < 0.001) mRNA expression of IGF-I followed by G3. The pH value of breast muscle in G4 shows a linearly decreasing value (P < 0.001). Also, the linearly highest expressible release volume percentage and lightness (L*) value with the lowest redness (a*) value (P < 0.05) were recorded in G4 and G3. A numerical increase in the total antibody titer was recorded on the 35th day in the G3 and G4. A numerical elevation in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a numerical reduction in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded in the G4. The section of the liver from G4 revealed significantly very low expression of NF-κB staining. It is concluded that nano zinc oxide is considered the more trending zinc source. It had no negative effects on the health status and can be used in broiler diet premix.
Ein neuer Ansatz zur Frequenzmodellierung im Versicherungswesen
Authors: Pfeifer Dietmar 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIm kollektiven Modell der Risikotheorie wird üblicherweise zwischen der Schadenfrequenz bzw. deren Verteilung und der Einzelschadenhöhe bzw. deren Verteilung unterschieden. Für die Schadenfrequenzverteilung werden meist „klassische“ Verteilungen wie Binomial‑, Negative Binomial- oder Poissonverteilung unterstellt, die aber gelegentlich nicht passend sind. In dieser Arbeit wählen wir für die Schadenfrequenz einen anderen Ansatz über einen zufälligen prozentualen Anteil an der Zahl der Versicherungsverträge (sog. Betroffenheitsgrad). Dieser Ansatz erlaubt u. a. eine statistische Überprüfung durch Q‑Q-Plots und lässt sich auch leicht auf Schadenhöhenverteilungen übertragen.
Enhancement in the Transport and Optoelectrical Properties of Spray Coated ZnO Thin Films by Nd Dopant
Authors: Srivathsa Manu , Kumar Pawan , Goutam U. K. , Rajendra B. V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research work focuses on the influence of Neodymium (Nd) doping (0–10 at.%) on the structural, optical, electrical, and photo-response properties of Zinc Oxide thin films deposited on glass substrates by cost-effective spray pyrolysis technique. For all the deposited films, the X-ray diffraction peaks matched the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with the maximum intensity along the (1 0 1) plane. Using XRD data, the crystallite size, dislocation density, and micro-strain of the films were estimated. Compared to other films, Zn0.96Nd0.04O film exhibited higher crystallinity ~ 18 nm. At higher doping concentrations, a fibrous-granular mixed structure was observed. Above 80 percentage of transparency in the visible region and bandgap of 3.42 eV was observed for the Zn0.96Nd0.04O film. The decrease in Urbach energy with increase in the doping concentration indicated the improvement in crystallinity. The peaks related to band edge emission, zinc, and oxygen-related defects were observed in the photoluminescence analysis also increased band edge emission and lesser defects were observed in the Zn0.96Nd0.04O film. The highest charge carrier concentration ~ 1.7 × 1017 cm−3 and mobility ~ 62.8 cm2/Vs were noticed in of Zn0.96Nd0.04O film. When exposed to UV light, Zn0.96Nd0.04O film exhibited the maximum photocurrent ~ 10−4 A. Hence the Zn0.96Nd0.04O film can be used as a UV photodetector.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of the Implementation of a Structured Diet Management Plan on the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rokou Aikaterini , Eleftheriou Anna , Tsigalou Christina , Apessos Ioulianos , Nena Evangelia , Dalamaga Maria , Voulgaris Athanasios , Steiropoulos Paschalis 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing worldwide, in line with the increase in obesity prevalence. Taken into consideration the low compliance rates to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, and since obesity is a risk factor for OSA, these patients should receive additional counseling for weight loss through a diet plan. The aim of this review is to examine the role of a structured diet management plan on OSA severity, nocturnal oxygen indices, and subjective sleep parameters.

Recent Findings

Τhis systematic review of the literature resulted in four studies and demonstrated that severity of OSA, assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index, is reduced by a dietary management plan when delivered through an educational program. Moreover, nocturnal oxygenation is improved, as well as subjective sleep parameters, when initiating a diet on top of CPAP use.

Summary

In summary, the present systematic review reports on the beneficial effects of a structured diet management plan in patients with OSA. Although CPAP remains the gold standard of OSA treatment, a specific dietary plan should be sought when managing patients with OSA. Nevertheless, still the evidence is low, and further research on this field is needed to reduce the burden of OSA.
Biomechanical assessment of the design and efficiency of occupational exoskeletons with the AnyBody Modeling System
Authors: Auer Simon , Tröster Mark , Schiebl Jonas , Iversen Kristoffer , Chander Divyaksh Subhash , Damsgaard Michael , Dendorfer Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExoskeletons were invented over 100 years ago but have only become popular in the last two decades, especially in the working industry as they can decrease work-related loads significantly. The most often used exoskeletons are for the lower back and shoulder since these are commonly affected body regions. All devices have in common that their purpose is to reduce internal loads of vulnerable body regions. Nevertheless, there is still little understanding on how biomechanical loading in the human body changes when exoskeletons are used. Therefore, further analyses are needed. A promising candidate for these are musculoskeletal models, which are based on an inverse dynamics approach and can calculate external parameters such as ground reaction forces or other interaction forces as well as internal parameters such as joint reaction forces or muscle activities. The various examples in the literature show that these models are increasingly used for assessing the biomechanical effects of exoskeletons on the human body. Furthermore, musculoskeletal models can calculate biomechanical loadings of humans with and without exoskeletons for all kinds of applications and allow an evaluation of their purpose.Practical Relevance: This article highlights the possibilities of musculoskeletal models for assessing the design and efficiency of occupational exoskeletons. Several practical use cases are described along with distinct descriptions of common implications of musculoskeletal and exoskeleton modeling.
Growing capable kids: Exploring the nexus between the Australian Curriculum’s general capabilities, global competencies, and one school garden program
Authors: Christian Beverly J. , Cameron Karyn A. , Pearce Robyn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany countries include core competencies in their educational curricula. The purpose of competencies is to ensure a holistic education that equips students with skills to flourish in the twenty-first century. Across the literature on this topic, however, there are limited studies that investigate how primary schools embed competencies into their learning programs. A qualitative case study of one Australian primary school with an established environmentally friendly garden program revealed how gardening as part of the school program provided opportunities for the development of core competencies, in particular the general capabilities of the Australian Curriculum.
Tracing the role of AGB stars in the Galactic Fluorine budget
Authors: Saberi Maryam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe cosmic origin of fluorine is still under debate. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are among the few suggested candidates to efficiently synthesis F in our Galaxy, however their relative contribution is not clear. In this paper, we briefly review the theoretical studies from stellar yield models of the F synthesis and chemical equilibrium models of the F-containing molecules in the outflow around AGB stars. Previous detections of the F-bearing species towards AGB and post-AGB stars are also highlighted. We suggest that high-resolution ALMA observations of the AlF, one of the two main carriers of F in the outflow of AGB stars, can provide a reliable tracer of the F-budget in AGB stars. This will be helpful to quantify the role of AGB stars in the Galactic F budget.
Shaping the initial-final mass relation of white dwarfs with AGB outflows
Authors: Marigo Paola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA recent analysis of a few carbon-oxygen white dwarfs in old open clusters of the Milky Way (MW) identified a kink in the initial-final mass relation (IFMR), located over a range of initial masses, 1.65 ≲ Mi/M⊙ ≲ 2.10, which unexpectedly interrupts the commonly assumed monotonic trend. The proposed interpretation links this observational fact to the formation of carbon stars and the modest outflows (with mass loss rate < 10−7M⊙/yr) that are expected as long as the carbon excess remains too low to produce dust grains in sufficient amount. Under these conditions the mass of the carbon-oxygen core can grow more than is generally predicted by stellar models. We discuss these new findings also in light of a new systematic follow-up investigation, based on Gaia EDR3, of evolved giants (13 carbon stars, 3 S stars and 4 M stars) belonging to intermediate-age open clusters.
Analytic, Turbulent Pressure Driven Mass Loss Rates from Red Supergiants
Authors: Sundqvist J.O. , Kee N.D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough red supergiants (RSGs) are observed to be undergoing vigorous mass loss, explaining the mechanism launching their winds has been a long-standing problem. Given the importance of mass loss to stellar evolution in this phase, this is a key uncertainty. In this contribution we present a recently published model (Kee et al. 2021) showing that turbulent pressure alone can extend the stellar atmosphere of an RSG to the degree that a wind is launched. This provides a fully analytic mass-loss prescription for RSGs. Moreover, utilising observationally inferred turbulent velocities for these objects, we find that this wind can carry an appropriate amount of mass to overall match observations. Intriguingly, when coupled to stellar evolution models the predicted mass-loss rates show that stars with initial masses above Mini∼17M⊙ may naturally evolve back to the blue and as such not end their lives as RSGs; this is also in overall good agreement with observations, here of Type II-P/L supernova progenitors. Moreover, since the proposed wind launching mechanism is not necessarily sensitive to metallicity, this could have important implications for stellar evolution predictions in low-metallicity environments.
Testing Predictions for Migration of Meandering Rivers: Fit for a Curvature‐Based Model Depends on Streamwise Location and Timescale
Authors: Li Yuan , Limaye Ajay B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany meandering rivers migrate, at rates that vary both along‐stream and inversely with the observation interval. Many numerical models have been developed to predict this migration; their success is usually evaluated statistically or by qualitative comparison to observations in map view. We propose a framework to test migration models that unites these statistical, spatial, and temporal perspectives. We measure model fit with a statistic that compares the magnitude and direction of migration between predictions and observations. Model fit is contextualized in space, using a dimensionless coordinate system based in the location along a half‐meander bend; and in time, using a dimensionless observation interval that accounts for channel scale and migration rate. We applied this framework to test predictions for a curvature‐driven model of channel migration, using data from seven rapidly migrating rivers in the Amazon Basin and 103 more slowly migrating rivers across the continental US, as reconstructed from a legacy data set. We find that across both datasets, channel migration rates peak slightly downstream of the bend apex. Migration rate underestimation/overestimation tends to occur when the observed rate is greater/less than its median along the channel. Predicted migration direction opposes observations for slowly migrating locations and upstream of the bend apex. Model forecasts break down if the channel migrates by more than its width. The analysis framework is portable to testing other models of channel migration, and can help improve predictions for the stability of infrastructure along rivers and for landscape change over geologic timescales.
Molecular basis for DNA recognition by the maternal pioneer transcription factor FoxH1
Authors: Pluta Radoslaw , Aragón Eric , Prescott Nicholas A. , Ruiz Lidia , Mees Rebeca A. , Baginski Blazej , Flood Julia R. , Martin-Malpartida Pau , Massagué Joan , David Yael , Macias Maria J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForkhead box H1 (FoxH1) is an essential maternal pioneer factor during embryonic development that binds to specific GG/GT-containing DNA target sequences. Here we have determined high-resolution structures of three FoxH1 proteins (from human, frog and fish species) and four DNAs to clarify the way in which FoxH1 binds to these sites. We found that the protein-DNA interactions extend to both the minor and major DNA grooves and are thus almost twice as extensive as those of other FOX family members. Moreover, we identified two specific amino acid changes in FoxH1 that allowed the recognition of GG/GT motifs. Consistent with the pioneer factor activity of FoxH1, we found that its affinity for nucleosomal DNA is even higher than for linear DNA fragments. The structures reported herein illustrate how FoxH1 binding to distinct DNA sites provides specificity and avoids cross-regulation by other FOX proteins that also operate during the maternal-zygotic transition and select canonical forkhead sites.