bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of an integrated approach to the restoration of the occlusal surface of the crown part of the tooth with modern filling materials
Authors: Vayts Tatiana V. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: The most frequently detected dental pathology, according to the World Health Organization (2019), is dental caries, since about 97% of the worlds population suffers from this disease. The most important factors in maintaining the health of the oral cavity and maintaining the necessary level of quality of life of a dental patient are the prevention and timely treatment of caries.
AIM: To develop a computerized technique for restoring the occlusal surface, taking into account the individual morphometric parameters of the patients dental crown. The task was to investigate the dimensional parameters, determine the presence and nature of the relationship between different morphometric indicators of the occlusal surface of teeth in caries-resistant men and women of young (1835 years) age. Create an innovative computer program for the mathematical substantiation of the process of restoration of the occlusal surface of the tooth, taking into account the correlations between the morphometric parameters of the crown revealed in caries-resistant persons of young age.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The objects of the study were: caries-resistant patients 82 people aged 18 to 35 years, male and female, and 106 patients, of different sex, who had carious lesions and complications of caries (pulpitis and periodontitis).
RESULTS: Based on the data obtained, an innovative program for calculating the dimensional characteristics of the occlusal surface of the teeth was developed (certificate of state registration of the computer program No. 2018611780 dated 02/07/2018) and introduced. At the end of the treatment with the use of the authors and traditional methods of restoration of teeth, there is a positive dynamics of clinical indicators of the state of organs and tissues of the mouth.
CONCLUSION: The created innovative program for calculating the lost tissues of the occlusal surface of the tooth allows dentists to reconstruct the hard tissues of the teeth, taking into account the individual dimensional characteristics of the patients dentition, which helps to improve the quality of dental care to the population.
Development of high order thinking skills in Indonesian teachers
Authors: Surjanti J. , Prakoso A. F. , Kurniawan R. Y. , Sakti N. C. , Nurlaili E. I. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction.The 21stcentury teachers need be able to create students who are creative and have critical thinking skills which are possibly obtained by implementing high order thinking skills (HOTS) in learning activities.Aim.This studyaimsto examine whether teacher professional knowledge (TPK) can improve teacher’s critical thinking (CT) and whether HOTS literacy (HL) and teacher professional development (TPD) can mediate the relationship between TPK and CT.Methodology and research methods.This study is explanatory research with 724 teachers serves as respondents. The analysis was carried out using WarpPLS and data were collected through questionnaire.Results and scientific novelty. The research results demonstrate that TPK affect CT directly and indirectly. HL and TPD intermediate the relationship of TPK on CT.Practical significance. This study provides important information to relevant stakeholders, such as the Ministry of education, universities, and schools which explains or proposes factors that can improve teachers’ ability in developing critical thinking or higher-order thinking based questions. This information needs to be immediately known so stakeholders or policy makers can design appropriate regulations or policy that can develop teacher capacity and education curriculum.
Personal characteristics of a 21st-century teacher: An analysis of empirical studies of the problem
Authors: Volkova E. N. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Modern scientific literature lacks evidence-based empirical studies of teacher personality. Singular reviews of the empirical studies related to the teacher personality are fulfilled within the framework of one theoretical model and do not cover results obtained in other directions of research, which does not benefit the practice of modern educational managers, teachers or educational psychologists. This gap might be filled with generalising empirical evidence through analysing international publications on personality of the modern teacher.Aim. The article aims to review empirical studies dedicated to the characteristics of a 21st-century teacher, to understand the existing limitations in the research of teacher personality, and to outline future research directions for the optimisation of today’s educational practice.Methods. The review includes the publications selected with searching keywords along with additional descriptors, followed by the analysis of content of relevant publications. The review covers articles published in the last 20 years.Results. The results of empirical studies, which meet the research selection criteria (have representative volumes of research samples and performed using measuring tools with known psychometric properties), allowed the author to distinguish several main clusters for studying teacher personal characteristics. The most prevalent are the studies of teacher personality within the five-factor framework, teacher emotional intelligence and motivation (job motivation, intrinsic motivation and semantic preferences). Within these clusters, the author has identified the tendencies, which demonstrate personal characteristics of a 21st-century teacher and correspond to subjective paradigm of modern education, effective teaching and effective management of education processes.Scientific novelty. The generalisation of results allowed the author to determine the basic personality characteristics of the modern teacher. The presented results reveal the patterns of personality development, work behaviour of a modern teacher and can serve as the basis for further research in the field of educational sciences, personality psychology, labour psychology and educational psychology.Practical significance. The specific historical knowledge about personal characteristics of a 21st-century teacher may serve for strategic and tactical decisions in the field of education management; determine the tactics of managing modern teaching staff; design teacher-centric programmes for the educational psychological services and educational programmes for the training, retraining and advanced training of teachers.
Athletic identity and its relationship to moral values among physical education university students
Authors: Obeidat L. M. , Momani H. I. , Ammari T. T. , Rababah M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Physical education (PE) is one of the majors that some people and societies may consider less important than other majors which reduces the importance of the specialisation in this field. The investigation of athletic identity and its relationship to moral values among PE university students is an attempt to see the extent of the athletic identity may influence the possession of moral values among individuals who work in the PE field. This evaluation study seen from PE students’ perception is a new study that has not been carried out in Jordan. Most dominant researchers in Jordan and the Arab world evaluate athletic identity or possession of moral values but they have not studied the relation between the two variables.Aim. The present researchaimsto evaluate the athletic identity with relation to moral values based on the perceptions of PE university students.Methodology and research methods. A descriptive approach was used to analyse the data. To collect data, a questionnaire was applied. The questionnaire consists of two scales. The first is the Athletic Identity Measuremtent Scale (AIMS), consisting of 14 items distributed over three domains: socialisation identity (5 items), exclusivity (5 items), and negative emotion (4 items). The second is the Moral Values Scale (MVS), consisting of 27 items, distributed into five domains: responsibility (7 items), honesty, (5 items), socialisation (10 items), beauty (5 items), and competition (5 items). The study sample consisted of 280 students of Faculty of Physical Education at Yarmouk University.Results and scientific novelty. The results revealed that the level of athletic identity among students was rated high with statistically significant differences in favour of males. The domain of negative emotion was rated first, followed by exclusivity and socialisation identity respectively. The domains of moral values were estimated high in which competition domain was rated first, followed by beauty, honesty, responsibility and socialisation respectively. The results also demonstrated that there was a positive statistically significant relationship between athletic identity and moral values.Practical significance. The study recommends consolidating athletic identity among students through increasing sports participation and activities, strengthening academic courses that deal with sports culture and sports values, involving female students in sports activities to enhance the level of their athletic identity to bridge the gap in the level of athletic identity between them and male students.
Reduced renal function in hypertension in young adults: a systematic review
Authors: Khudiakova A. D. , Ragino Yu. I. 
Published: March 2022

Objective. The aim of the systematic review was to find an answer to the question: «does an increased blood pressure affect kidney function at young age?».Design and methods. The following key words were used to search for relevant publications: “hypertensive nephropathy”, “reduction of glomerular filtration rate in arterial hypertension” in Russian and English. We used “eLIBRARY.RU — SCIENTIFIC ELECTRONIC LIBRARY” and PubMed.gov databases. The inclusion criteria were the young age of the examined patients (from 18 to 44 years), the absence of concomitant pathology. The analysis included only publications of the last 5 years (2015-2020).Results. A total of 18 articles were selected from Russian and international databases that meet inclusion criteria.Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the literature of the last 5 years we assume that increase in blood pressure disrupts kidney function in young people. However, the current data a number of limitations. Until now, gender characteristics, risk factors for decreased renal function in hypertension in young people, and most importantly, the pathogenetic basis of renal dysfunction remain unclear.
Features of functional adaptation of the cardiovascular system in athletes with different levels of blood pressure
Authors: Mestnikova E. N. , Zakharova F. A. , Makharova N. V. , Pinigina I. A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To assess cardiovascular functional adaptation in athletes with different levels of blood pressure (BP) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).Design and methods. We examined 147 professional athletes of high sportsmanship (average age 22 (18; 26) years), cyclic and speed-weightlifting sports. All athletes underwent anthropometry, measurement of office BP and daily BP monitoring, exercise test (PWC170), with determination of maximum oxygen consumption, assessment of the reserve capacity of the cardiovascular system, echocardiography.Results. Masked hypertension (MH) was detected in 40,8% of athletes, normal BP in 59,2%. All athletes showed a high tolerance to physical activity; athletes with MH showed high indices of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and myocardial mass index compared with athletes with normal BP. The athletes with MH achieve a high level of physical performance due to a less efficient hemodynamic mechanism and energy-intense regimen. A positive correlation was found between LV wall thickness and indicators of cardiovascular functional reserves.Conclusions. MH was detected in 40,8% athletes. In athletes with different BP levels, quantitative and qualitative differences in ensuring physical performance are expressed by the ratio between the “initial” (rest) and “maximum” (test with physical load) indicators of the functional state. Thus, in athletes with MH, inefficient hemodynamic and energy-intensive processes can lead to overstrain of the cardiovascular system. Indicators of functional reserves of the cardiovascular system positively correlate with indicators of LV myocardial wall thickness and myocardial mass index, which may indirectly indicate the relation between cardiovascular overstrain in athletes with MH and target organ damage (LV hypertrophy).
Modified methods of polygepatography and peripheral arterial tonometry in the assessment of peripheral circulation regulation
Authors: Manasyan S. G. , Ermolov S. Yu. , Apresyan A. G. , Arutyunyan A. V. 
Published: March 2022

Objective. The purpose of the work was to assess the application of modified ways of polyhepatography (PHG) and peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) in the evaluation of regulation of peripheral circulation (capillary blood flow).Design and methods. We included 150 people, divided into four groups. The first group (n = 40) includes patients with stage II hypertension, moderate and high risk of cardiovascular complications. The second group (n = 40) includes patients with stable forms of coronary heart disease in combination with hypertension. The third group (n = 40) includes patients with chronic liver diseases. The fourth group (n = 30) consisted of subjects without anamnestic and objective data of pathology. All subjects underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, an assessment of intrahepatic hemodynamics by the PGG method, an assessment of the endothelial function by the PAT method. A modified method of PAT was used to evaluate the central reaction of the peripheral blood flow regulation system (endothelium-independent vasodilation).Results. Endothelial dysfunction was found in patients with cardiovascular pathology and in patients with chronic liver diseases. A modified method of PAT showed a multidirectional reaction of peripheral blood flow to the test with local ischemia. A number of features were identified in the study groups when assessing disorders of intrahepatic microcirculation. Patients of group I had multidirectional disorders of arteriovenous inflow (45% cases, confidence interval (CI) from 27 % to 63 %) and outflow (37,5 %, CI from 22 % to 56 %) in the liver, while in patients of group II and group III, disorders of arteriovenous inflow were more common, 85 % (CI from 70 % to 95%) and 90% (82 % to 94%), respectively. Rheographic signs of bile passage disorders were more common in groups II and III. A significant negative relationship was established between endothelial dysfunction and the severity of intrahepatic microcirculation disorders (r = –0,35, p < 0,001).Conclusions. Modified methods of peripheral arterial tone and PHG enable assessment of local and central mechanisms of blood flow regulation at the microvascular level in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and chronic liver diseases. The relationship between impaired endothelial function and intrahepatic microcirculation allows us to consider the liver as a target organ in cardiovascular pathology.
Politik Pendidikan di Indonesia di Masa Pandemi: Respon Mahasiswa Terhadap Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Sulaeman Kirana Mahdiah , Ramaditya Fauzan , Putra Haelvyn Pratagrahana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact not only on public health, but also on the education system. With the government's advocacy of physical distancing, students from various universities in Indonesia are forced to adopt the Distance Learning method or online learning. However, along with the extension of the physical distancing recommendation, there was anxiety among students regarding the effectiveness of Distance Learning. In fact, according to a survey from the Director General of Higher Education, 70% of lecturers and students are satisfied with the Distance Learning method. This study explores qualitatively how students actually respond to distance learning. Researchers interviewed a number of students spread across three universities in Indonesia. The finding of this study is that although most of the participants experienced an increase in their academic achievement index scores, all participants felt uncomfortable with distance learning and preferred the normal teaching-learning process. This inconvenience is caused by many constraints such as cost and access to the internet, inadequate teaching methods for lecturers, lack of interaction and learning motivation, lack of support from the surrounding environment for learning, and technical problems. This finding is analyzed using the perspective of politics of education. The authors argue that the implementation of politics of education in Indonesia is still not ideal due to the sudden pandemic.
Keywords : politics of education, students, distance learning, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstrak
Pandemi COVID-19 tidak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan masyarakat, tetapi juga sistem pendidikan. Dengan adanya kewajiban physical distancing dari pemerintah, mahasiswa dari berbagai universitas di Indonesia terpaksa melakukan metode Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) Dengan demikian, PJJ menjadi bagian tidak terelakkan dari politik pendidikan di Indonesia sejak tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggali secara kualitatif bagaimana sebenarnya respon mahasiswa terhadap Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh. Peneliti mewawancarai sejumlah mahasiswa yang tersebar di tiga universitas di Indonesia. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa meskipun sebagian besar partisipan mengalami peningkatan nilai indeks prestasi akademik, semua partisipan merasa tidak nyaman dengan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh dan lebih memilih proses belajar-mengajar secara normal. Ketidaknyamanan ini diakibatkan oleh banyaknya kendala seperti biaya dan akses ke internet, cara mengajar dosen yang tidak ideal, kurangnya interaksi serta motivasi belajar, kurangnya dukungan lingkungan sekitar untuk belajar, dan masalah teknis. Temuan ini kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan perspektif politik pendidikan dan penulis berargumen bahwa implementasi politik pendidikan di Indonesia masih belum ideal akibat pandemi yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba.
Kata Kunci : politik pendidikan mahasiswa, Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh, pandemi COVID-19
Understanding Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics
Authors: Cho Brian , Geng Eric , Arvind Varun , Valliani Aly A. , Tang Justin E. , Schwartz John , Dominy Calista , Cho Samuel K. , Kim Jun S. 
Published: March 2022

» Machine learning and artificial intelligence have seen tremendous growth in recent years and have been applied in numerous studies in the field of orthopaedics.» Machine learning will soon become critical in the day-to-day operations of orthopaedic practice; therefore, it is imperative that providers become accustomed to and familiar with not only the terminology but also the fundamental techniques behind the technology.» A foundation of knowledge regarding machine learning is critical for physicians so they can begin to understand the details in the algorithms that are being developed, which provide improved accuracy compared with clinicians, decreased time required, and a heightened ability to triage patients.
Evaluation of CO2 as an Acid Catalyst Precursor for Promoting a Nitrogen-Generating System
Authors: Mesquita Marcos Vinicius Miranda , de Oliveira Alline V. B. , Bispo Felipe J. S. , Pacheco Ortiz Ronald Wbeimar , Venancio Fabricio , Gonçalves Vinicius Ottonio O. , Kartnaller Vinicius , Cajaiba João 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Nitrogen-generating systems (NGSs) are mainly used in the oil industry to fluidize low melting point organic deposits and gas hydrate buildups. They are exothermic reactions between two nitrogenous salts in acidic catalytic media. This work investigates the use of CO2 to promote NGS reactions instead of commonly used acids such as acetic and citric acids, which can be problematic for corrosion control. Sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride were the reactants, and CO2 performance was evaluated for up to 4 hours at 5 and 25°C, and either under autogenous pressure at 10, 25, and 50 bar of CO2 or pressurized at 10 bar of CO2 by adding 40 bar of nitrogen (totaling 50 bar). The nitrite conversion was determined by measuring the concentration of residual nitrite using titration. Thus, it was verified that the CO2 effectively promoted the NGS at various experimental conditions. The nitrite conversion increased with increasing CO2 pressure and increasing temperature. Moreover, the nitrite conversion was enhanced in the pressurized system (PS) because the high pressure enabled the dissolution of CO2 in the aqueous medium, and therefore, the constant formation of carbonic acid, favoring the acidic catalytic medium at the reaction. This advantage was confirmed by carrying out an NGS catalyzed by acetic acid, in which the pH increases as reagents are consumed, and therefore, a lower nitrite conversion is achieved. The use of CO2 also converts the NGS in a process more suitable for flow assurance applications in offshore oil production, particularly in the Brazilian presalt fields where the coproduced CO2 can be used.
Dropped Head Syndrome in Myasthenia Gravis After a SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection: Case Report
Authors: Kreinter Hellen , Barroso Habib Moutran , Botero Cesar Forero , Rubio Carlos Martinez 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The current pandemic by the SARS-CoV-2 has affected the world's general population. While the predominant presentation is with respiratory disease, neurological complications are increasingly recognized. Post-infectious immune-mediated disorders such as Guillain Barré syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis (MG) have been described.Case presentation: We report a case with an unusual presentation of myasthenia gravis after a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection . We also present a retrospective review of the literature of all the reported cases of de novo myasthenia gravis associated with SARS-CoV2 infection from march-2020 to april-2021. Conclusion: Myasthenia gravis could also be the result of an autoimmune reaction triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.