bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of machine learning techniques for forecast uncertainty quantification
Authors: Sacco Maximiliano A. , Ruiz Juan J. , Pulido Manuel , Tandeo Pierre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnsemble forecasting is, so far, the most successful approach to produce relevant forecasts with an estimation of their uncertainty. The main limitations of ensemble forecasting are the high computational cost and the difficulty to capture and quantify different sources of uncertainty, particularly those associated with model errors. In this article we perform toy‐model and state‐of‐the‐art model experiments to analyze to what extent artificial neural networks (ANNs) are able to model the different sources of uncertainty present in a forecast. In particular, those associated with the accuracy of the initial conditions and those introduced by the model error. We also compare different training strategies: one based on a direct training using the mean and spread of an ensemble forecast as target, and the other ones rely on an indirect training strategy using an analyzed state as target in which the uncertainty is implicitly learned from the data. Experiments using the Lorenz'96 model show that the ANNs are able to emulate some of the properties of ensemble forecasts like the filtering of the most unpredictable modes and a state‐dependent quantification of the forecast uncertainty. Moreover, ANNs provide a reliable estimation of the forecast uncertainty in the presence of model error. Preliminary experiments conducted with a state‐of‐the‐art forecasting system also confirm the ability of ANNs to produce a reliable quantification of the forecast uncertainty.
Characteristics and Mechanism of the Adsorption of Imidazole Ionic Liquids in Wastewater by Montmorillonite: Effect of Carbon Chain Length and Dosage of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Qiu Jun , Yang Wei , Chen Guowei , Wang Guifang , Cui Kaibo , Yan Zhengqing , Wang Yueting , Wu Peng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper studied the adsorption characteristics and mechanism of four kinds of ionic liquids (ILs) with different carbon chain lengths in montmorillonite (Mt). The results of isothermal adsorption at 25 °C show that the adsorption of four kinds of IL in Mt conforms to the Modified‐Langmuir model, and the adsorbance of IL in Mt is positively correlated with the dosage and the carbon chain length of IL. The dynamics research results show that the adsorption of IL in Mt fits well with the quasi‐second‐order dynamics equation. The reaction constant k is negatively correlated with the dosage of IL but positively correlated with the carbon chain length. The thermodynamics results show that the adsorption of IL in Mt is exothermic. The carbon chain length and the dosage of IL have a cross effect on the adsorption capacity of Mt for IL and the structure of the adsorption products. The adsorption capacity of Mt increases first and then decreases with the increase of dosage, and it increases with the increase of carbon chain length. The dosage of IL has little effect on the d(001) of IL/Mt with the short carbon chain, but the d(001) of IL/Mt with the long carbon chain increases with the increase of the dosage of IL. The carbon chain length has little effect on the d(001) of IL/Mt with a low dosage of IL, however, when the dosage of IL is high, the d(001) of IL/Mt increases with the increase of carbon chain length. The specific surface area, pore volume and the most probable radius of IL/Mt decrease with the increase of the dosage and carbon chain length, but excessive amounts of IL will still increase the most probable radius. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that when the dosage of IL is 0.3CEC, four ILs with different carbon chain lengths are arranged in a monolayer between Mt layers, N (N in IL) coordinates with Ot (O on the tetrahedral surface) at a distance of 3.0 Å, and the coordination strength increases with the increase of the carbon chain length of IL.
On the Protonation and Deuteration of Hydroxy‐Substituted Naphthalenes – A 1H NMR Study**
Authors: Hartmann Horst , Yu Xiuling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 1HNMR spectra of all possible structural isomers of mono and dihydroxy substituted naphthalenes are measured in trifluoracetic acid and trifluormethanesulfonic acid as well as in their deuterated derivatives. These spectra indicate different protonation/deuteration positions in the compounds studied. Whereas with the relative weak TFA the OH group as most basic group of the substrates is protonated, with the more acidic TFS also aromatic positions with lower basicity are protonated. However, some of these position were indicated only by using deutertated acids. To quantify the degree of proton/deuterium exchange at the aromatic rings, dioxane as proton standard was used. For the OH‐protonation a complex between the appropriate naphthol and the acid used, in which a quick proton exchange can be occur, is assumed. Furthermore, the formation of corresponding trifluoroacetates or triflates by reaction of the naphthols with the corresponding acids has been indicated. In some cases, in which the ring positions of protonation are not definitely clear, 2D NOESYNMR experiments have been performed..
On the questions of asymptotic recoverability of information and subsystems in quantum gravity
Authors: Giddings Steven B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A longstanding question in quantum gravity regards the localization of quantum information; one way to formulate this question is to ask how subsystems can be defined in quantum-gravitational systems. The gauge symmetry and necessity of solving the gravitational constraints appear to imply that the answers to this question here are different than in finite quantum systems, or in local quantum field theory. Specifically, the constraints can be solved by providing a “gravitational dressing” for the underlying field-theory operators, but this modifies their locality properties. It has been argued that holography itself may be explained through this role of the gauge symmetry and constraints, at the nonperturbative level, but there are also subtleties in constructing a holographic map in this approach. There are also claims that holography is implied even by perturbative solution of the constraints. This short note provides further examination of these questions, and in particular investigates to what extent perturbative or nonperturbative solution of the constraints implies that information naïvely thought to be localized can be recovered by asymptotic measurements, and the relevance of this in defining subsystems. In the leading perturbative case, the relevant effects are seen to be exponentially suppressed and asymptotically vanishing, for massive fields. These questions are, for example, important in sharply characterizing the unitarity problem for black holes.
Charge transfer between rotating complex scalar fields
Authors: Domcke Valerie , Harigaya Keisuke , Mukaida Kyohei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider the transfer of a U(1) charge density between Bose-Einstein condensates of complex scalar fields coupled to a thermal bath, focusing on the case of a homogeneous Affleck-Dine field transmitting the charge stored in its angular motion to an axion field. We demonstrate that in the absence of additional symmetries this charge transfer, aided by cosmic expansion as well as the thermal effective potential of the Affleck-Dine field, can be very efficient. The charge redistribution between the scalar fields becomes possible if the interactions with the thermal bath break the original U(1) × U(1) symmetry down to a single U(1) symmetry; the charge distribution between the two fields is then determined by minimizing the free energy. We discuss implications for cosmological setups involving complex scalars, with applications to axion dark matter, baryogenesis, kination domination, and gravitational wave production.
Self-produced images, sexting, coercion and children’s rights
Authors: Quayle Ethel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConverging sources of data would suggest that the volume of images and videos which involve minors is increasing and places a burden on law enforcement in terms of victim identification as well as prosecution. The terminology used in relation to these activities is problematic, as reference to self-produced sexual images would seem to result in victim-blaming. While there is an acknowledgement that there are diverse motives in the creating and sharing of this content, in many jurisdictions these images are seen as meeting the criteria for illegality and may result in prosecutions under child pornography legislation. This potentially criminalises (or at least problematises) the consensual creation and sharing of sexually explicit content between minors. Concerns regarding this sit alongside growing disquiet that this disregards children’s rights to sexual autonomy and decision making.
Strategic similarities between earth observation small satellite constellations in very low earth orbit and low-cost carriers by means of strategy canvas
Authors: Rodriguez-Donaire Silvia , Garcia-Almiñana Daniel , Garcia-Berenguer Marina , Roberts Peter C. E. , Crisp Nicholas H. , Herdrich George H. , Kataria Dhiren , Hanessian Virginia , Becedas Jonathan , Seminari Simon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe space industry is growing and space data are becoming accessible to businesses that were previously unthinkable. Constellations of small satellites in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) have created a gap that is allowing small and medium-sized space companies to gain momentum by developing new strategies and technologies. According to Euroconsult forecasting, the NewSpace market will grow from $12.6 billion to $42.8 billion in the next decade (2019–2028). Despite the study’s limitations and the uncertainties of the small satellite market, the results obtained in this exploratory research suggest that the Low-Cost Carriers (LCC) market, an already established market in the aviation industry, and the growing market of EO small satellite constellations in VLEO have similar behaviours. This behaviour shows that the evolution of EO smallsat constellations in VLEO is comparable with the evolution of the LCC airlines. In addition, the result also identifies a set of competitive factors that allow the researchers to observe similar strategic behaviour in both markets.
Evaluation of the performance and usability of a novel continuous glucose monitoring system
Authors: Yan Li , Li Qiang , Guan Qingbo , Han Mingsong , Zhao Yu , Fang Junfei , Zhao Jiajun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can help manage diabetes mellitus (DM) and prevent hypoglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and usability of a novel SiJoy GS1 CGM system.

Methods
This multicenter trial enrolled participants with DM. Based on the comparison of glucose values measured by SiJoy GS1 CGM and venous blood glucose test, the 20/20% consistency and mean absolute relative difference (MARD%) were calculated, as well as Clarke and consensus error grid analysis. Product usability was evaluated by questionnaire completed by participants. Any occurrence of adverse events (AE) was documented.

Results
Seventy participants were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 41.5 ± 13.2 years, among which 29 (42.0%) were male, with the DM course of 8.6 ± 7.5 years. A total of 39 (56.5%) of them had type 1 DM, 24 (34.8%) had type 2 DM, and 6 (8.7%) were others for DM. The 20/20% consistency achieved 91.82%, which was higher than the target 65%. The percentage of A + B zones of Clarke and consensus error grid was 99.22% and 99.90%, respectively. The MARD value was 8.83% ± 4.03%. The mean score of usability questionnaire was 86.59 ± 5.17 out of 90. AE were observed in only one participant (mild fever), and no severe AEs occurred.

Conclusions
The SiJoy GS1 CGM system achieved satisfactory performance and usability. No severe AEs occurred and mild AE was reported in only one case.
Sellar and parasellar lesions in the transition age: a retrospective Italian multi-centre study
Authors: Feola T. , Pirchio R.sa , Puliani G. , Pofi R. , Crocco M. , Sada V. , Sesti F. , Verdecchia F. , Gianfrilli D. , Appetecchia M. , Di Iorgi N. , Jaffrain-Rea M. L. , Pivonello R. , Isidori A. M. , Grossman A. B. , Sbardella E. ,   TALENT group, Savage A. M. , Foresta C. , Krausz C. , Durante C. , De Martino M. C. , Paoli D. , Ferrigno R. , Caiulo S. , Minnetti M. , Hasenmajer V. , Pozza C. , Kanakis G. , Cangiano B. , Tenuta M. , Petrozzi A. , Carlomagno F. , Di Nisio A. , Pallotti F. , Tarsitano M. G. , Spaziani M. , Cargnelutti F. , Sabovic I. , Grani G. , Virili C. , Cozzolino A. , Stramazzo I. , Filardi T. , Mazzotta P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Sellar/parasellar lesions have been studied in the adult and paediatric age range, but during the transition age their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, management and treatment outcomes have been poorly investigated.

Materials and methods
An Italian multicentre cohort study, in which hospital records of patients with diagnosis of sellar/parasellar lesions during the transition age and young adulthood (15–25 years), were reviewed in terms of prevalence, clinical and hormonal features at diagnosis, and outcomes where available. Both pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (pituitary tumours, Group A) and non-endocrine lesions (Group B) were included.

Results
Among Group A (n = 170, 46.5% macroadenomas), the most frequent were prolactin and GH-secreting tumours, with a female predominance. Among Group B (n = 28), germinomas and Rathke cells cysts were the most common. In Group A, the most frequent hormonal deficiency was gonadal dysfunction. Galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea were relatively common in female patients with prolactinomas. Pre-surgical diabetes insipidus was only seen in Group B, in which also hormone deficiencies were more frequent and numerous. Larger lesions were more likely to be seen in Group B. Patients in Group B were more frequently male, younger, and leaner than those of Group A, whereas at last follow-up they showed more obesity and dyslipidaemia. In our cohort, the percentage of patients with at least one pituitary deficiency increased slightly after surgery.

Conclusions
The management of sellar/parasellar lesions is challenging in the transition age, requiring an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. Hormone and metabolic disorders can occur many years after treatment, therefore long-term follow-up is mandatory.
Tissue-Engineered Endothelial Cells Induce Sustained Vascular Healing Through Early Induction of Vascular Repair
Authors: Parikh Sahil A. , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Perivascular implantation of tissue-engineered endothelial cells (TEEC) after vascular injury profoundly inhibits neointimal hyperplasia. However, the time course and mechanism by which this effect occurs remain unknown. By developing genetically modified TEEC that express a “suicide gene,” we can control the time during which the TEEC could exert their effect and determine the length of time TEEC need to be present following vascular injury to exert their inhibitory effect on long-term neointimal hyperplasia.

Methods
Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAE) were transfected with the human herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene to render them sensitive to ganciclovir (GCV). These BAE+tk were grown to confluence on Gelfoam and shown to have the same growth kinetics and biologic potency as control cells but were sensitive to GCV at low concentrations. The BAE+tk were grown on Gelfoam and placed in the perivascular space around balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Rats randomly received BAE-tk, BAE+tk, or nothing (control) after balloon injury. GCV was administered early (days 1–7), late (days 5–11), or not at all.

Results
Two weeks after injury, extensive neointimal hyperplasia was observed in control animals with an intima:media (I:M) area ratio of 0.80 ± 0.19. Early administration of GCV killed the BAE in constructs with TK sensitivity and eliminated the impact of TEEC regulation of intimal hyperplasia (0.45 ± 0.06). Intimal hyperplasia was still effectively reduced in animals with implants containing BAE-tk or BAE+tk which received GCV late (0.11 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.05). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the lethal effect of GCV on TK-sensitive cells.

Conclusions
The application of perivascular TEEC for only the first few days after injury had a significant inhibitory effect on intimal hyperplasia. This is in contrast to the results obtained in this same animal model with the infusion of isolated anti-smooth muscle cell proliferative agents. This suggests that the mechanism of action of TEEC may be upstream from smooth muscle cell proliferation. Moreover, the use of this technique to further elucidate biologic mechanisms will prove invaluable in the tissue engineering field.

Lay Summary
We report a novel, genetically altered tissue-engineered endothelial cell (TEEC) implant that inhibits neointimal hyperplasia after experimental vascular injury. The viability of these implants can be carefully controlled and suggest a putative mechanism by which TEEC recapitulate control over the vascular response to injury.
Effects of high-fat diet and treadmill running on the hypothalamic Kiss-1–GPR54 signaling pathway in male growing rats
Authors: Xu Rui , Feng Junpeng , Liang Chunyu , Song Ge , Yan Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Kiss-1 neuron, one of the metabolic sensors in the hypothalamus, is necessary for puberty initiation. It acts through G protein-coupled receptor, known as GPR54. In this study, the mechanism of the hypothalamic Kiss-1–GPR54 signaling pathway in a high-fat diet and exercise was investigated in growing male rats.

Methods
A total of 135 3-week-old male weaned rats were kept on a high-fat diet (HFD) and exercise (60–70% $$\dot{\mathrm V}{\mathrm O}_{2\max}$$

V
˙

O

2
max

, 1 h/day, 5 days/week). They were randomly divided, as follows: control group (C); normal diet + exercise group (CE); HFD group (H); and HFD + exercise group (HE). Hypothalamus, testis, and serum samples of each group were collected on postnatal day (PND) 21 (early childhood), 43 (puberty), and 56 (maturity). Immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and chemiluminescent immunoassays were used in the study. ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of age (PNDs 21, 43, and 56), exercise (exercise and sedentariness), and diet (high-fat and normal) on the biological indices of rats.

Results
mRNA and protein expression of Kiss-1 and GPR54 in the hypothalamus gradually increased along with growth and peaked at PND 43, while those in serum testosterone increased and peaked at PND 56. The high-fat diet increased the expression of the Kiss-1–GPR54 system in the hypothalamus, whereas the serum testosterone decreased during different stages of growth. Exercise decreased the expression of Kiss-1 at PND 56 and increased it at PND 43. Meanwhile, it decreased testosterone and the deposition of lipid droplets in the testis at all ages of development.

Conclusions
The expression of Kiss-1–GPR54 in male rats showed fluctuating changes during growth and development. The high-fat diet was able to upregulate the expression of the Kiss-1–GPR54 system in the hypothalamus. The exercise was able to correct the adverse effect of the high-fat diet on the Kiss-1–GPR54 signaling pathway in the hypothalamus and the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, but had age-specific effects on the male rats’ development.
The COVID-19 crisis, Herd Immunity, and “Vaccine Apartheid” in the Age of Anthropocene
Authors: Fukurai Hiroshi , Gabriel Robin , Liang Xiaochen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus pandemic has led to millions of deaths around the world. In many countries, it has also exposed long-standing inequities and injustices in health care, income distribution, labour market practice, and social protection for the poor, women, indigenous peoples, and other marginalized segments of the population. The disproportionate casualties among vulnerable populations have also exposed predatory corporate practices, such as the refusal to share vaccine patents with low-income countries (LIC) in the Global South. World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has warned that this “vaccine apartheid” could lead to the further spread of more dangerous forms of virus variants, and that global solidarity and collaboration may be the only viable approach to current and future pandemics.1 Scientists have long warned that the continued destruction of the environment and ecological diversity would lead to future waves of cross-species (zoonotic) viral pandemics, due to the elimination of “natural borders” that once existed between human and non-human species. In the last several decades alone, humanity has suffered from five major zoonotic pandemics: AIDS, SARS, MARS, Ebola, and COVID-19.2 This Special Issue focuses on a select group of Asian countries in order to critically examine the impact of socio-legal inequities in state-centric policies upon domestic populations, including indigenous peoples, and to explore the possibility of international collaborative strategies for controlling the spread of deadly viruses and their variants in the coming years and decades, in Asia and beyond.
Lessons learned from an enterprise-wide clinical datathon
Authors: Zimolzak Andrew J. , Davila Jessica A. , Punugoti Vamshi , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Klotman Paul E. , Petersen Laura A. , Rochat Ryan H. , Liao Gloria , Laubscher Rory R. , Leiber Lee , Amos Christopher I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In 2020, Baylor College of Medicine held a datathon to inform potential users of a new data warehouse, allow users to address clinical questions, identify warehouse capabilities and limitations, foster collaborations, and engage trainees. Senior faculty selected proposals based on feasibility and impact. Selectees worked with Information Technology for 2 months and presented findings. A survey of participants showed diverse levels of experience, high perceived value of the datathon, high rates of collaboration, and significant increases in knowledge. A datathon can promote familiarity with a new data warehouse, guide data warehouse improvement, and promote collaboration.
Involuntariness in negligence actions
Authors: Bogle Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a negligence action against a defendant suffering from a mental disorder or an incapacity, a key but neglected question is what we mean by involuntariness. Although involuntariness is an accepted response, its relationship to mental or physical incapacity is poorly understood. The existing authorities offer only basic instruction about what is meant by involuntariness. Moreover, there is a suspicion that involuntariness undermines the objectivity of the standard of care. However, in this paper, it is argued that involuntariness can be better defined and a clearer understanding can be gained of how responsibility operates within tort law. By relating the case law and commentary on involuntariness to a choice theory of responsibility and arguing that this operates at a foundational level which is analytically prior to questions of breach, this paper tries to illuminate how tort law – like other areas of law – makes fundamental assumptions about the capacity of individuals to whom duties are expected to apply. None of this will necessarily increase the volume of claims or unsettle well-worn authorities but it does ensure both consistency and fairness and argues for a deeper appreciation of agency within how tort law characterises the applicability of duties.