bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of dental radiographs for age estimation of unaccompanied migrant minors: Scientific and ethical concerns
Authors: Laniado Nadia , Wright M. Lindsay , Seymour Brittany 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnaccompanied migrant minors are increasingly seeking asylum status in the United States (U.S.) where guidelines for age assessment call for the use of multiple forms of evidence. A commonly used approach in the U.S. is dental radiographs to assess the root development of third molars. Not only has research shown this methodology to be unreliable and imprecise, but the evidence has shown significant variability in dental development by chronologic age, race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, systemic disease, nutritional health, and other environmental factors. Misclassification of minors as adults based upon the imprecise tool of dental age assessment can have serious and harmful consequences. In the U.S., this misclassification has resulted in the housing of minors with adults in Immigrant and Custom Enforcement (ICE) operated jails. In addition, there are significant ethical concerns with regard to the use of radiographs for purposes that are neither diagnostic nor therapeutic and the lack of informed consent. In this commentary we review the (1) inadequacy of dental radiographs as a means of chronologic age assessment for minors, and (2) the ethical implications of implementing this flawed and inappropriate assessment on a highly vulnerable population.
The effect of temporal variation of prelaunch expectations on stock market response in the motion picture industry
Authors: Kim Junhee , Song Reo , Kang Wooseong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research provides novel insights into the marketing–finance literature by shedding new light on the association between the temporal variation of prelaunch expectations of a new product's market performance and postlaunch firm value. We establish the nature of this relationship from theoretical underpinnings of psychological tendencies such as reference dependence and recency effect. Drawing from the emerging literature on crowdsourced earnings forecasts, we use crowdsourced expectations provided by a prediction market as a proxy for the market's expectations. The results show that two varying patterns of expectations play a critical role in driving postlaunch firm value. Specifically, the last‐moment variation of prelaunch expectations (i.e., last‐moment increase or decrease) is negatively related to firms' postlaunch stock price response, while the overall expectation level (i.e., high vs. low mean level) moderates the negative relationship between the last‐moment variation of expectations and firm value.
Effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on sleep reintegration after alteration by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Nemoto Tsuyoshi , Irukayama‐Tomobe Yoko , Hirose Yuki , Tanaka Hiromu , Takahashi Genki , Takahashi Satoshi , Yanagisawa Masashi , Kanbayashi Takashi 
Published: February 2022

SummaryDespite extensive evidence on the organ protective effects of sevoflurane, its effect on disturbed sleep remains unclear. We hypothesised that sevoflurane preconditioning positively impacts disturbed sleep caused by systemic inflammation. A prospective, randomised laboratory investigation was conducted in C57BL/6J mice. A mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced systemic inflammation was employed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on sleep recovery. Symptom recovery was evaluated through electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) and histological studies. The mice were exposed to 2% sevoflurane before and after peritoneal injection of LPS. The EEG and EMG were recorded for 24 h after the procedure. Brain tissue was harvested after the sevoflurane/LPS procedure and was immunostained using individual antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and Fos. The ChAT‐positive and ChAT/Fos double‐positive cells were analysed quantitatively in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (PPTg/LDTg). Compared with control mice, mice preconditioned with sevoflurane but not post‐conditioned showed a significant increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during EEG recording following the LPS challenge. They also demonstrated a shorter REM latency, indicating an early recovery from LPS‐altered sleep. The bouts of REM episodes were retained with sevoflurane preconditioning. More ChAT/Fos double‐positive cells were observed in the PPTg/LDTg in the sevoflurane preconditioning plus LPS group than in the LPS‐only group. Sevoflurane preconditioning promotes recovery from altered sleep induced by systemic inflammation. Activation of PPTg/LDTg is considered a mechanism underlying sleep reintegration. The recovery phenomenon shows potential for clinical application in cases of sleep disturbances induced by systemic inflammation.
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes for early postoperative seizures in dogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors after intracranial surgery
Authors: Parker Rell L. , Du John , Shinn Richard L. , Drury Adam G. , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Roberston John L. , Cecere Thomas E. , Arendse Avril U. , Rossmeisl John H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeizures in the early postoperative period after intracranial surgery may affect outcome in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of early postoperative seizures (EPS) in dogs with brain tumors, identify specific risk factors for EPS, and determine if EPS affects outcome.AnimalsEighty‐eight dogs that underwent 125 intracranial surgeries for diagnosis and treatment of rostrotentorial brain tumors.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. All patients with a diagnosis of rostrotentorial brain tumor from 2006 to 2020 were included. Early postoperative seizures were diagnosed by observation of seizure activity within 14 days of neurosurgery. Previously diagnosed structural epilepsy, perioperative anticonvulsant drug (ACD) use, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and tumor characteristics were evaluated. Outcome measures included neurologic and nonneurologic complications, duration of hospitalization, and survival to discharge.ResultsDogs with rostrotentorial brain tumors had EPS after 16/125 (12.8%) neurosurgical procedures (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%‐19%). Presence of previous structural epilepsy was not associated with EPS risk (P = 1). Perioperative ACD use also was not associated with EPS (P = .06). Dogs with EPS had longer hospitalization (P < .001), were more likely to have neurologic complications postsurgery (P = .01), and were less likely to survive to discharge (P = .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIt is difficult to predict which dogs are at risk of EPS because the presence of previous structural epilepsy and the use of perioperative ACDs was not associated with EPS. However, seizures in the early postoperative period are clinically important because affected dogs had prolonged hospitalization, more neurologic complications, and decreased short‐term survival.
Understory plant species and community changes following a mountain pine beetle outbreak in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Authors: Pappas Gregory S. , Tinker Daniel B. , Rocca Monique E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe response of understory plants is an important, yet understudied element of forest dynamics associated with mountain pine beetle (MPB) disturbance. Here, we provide a detailed assessment of both the changes in understory species and communities over a 5‐year period following severe MPB‐induced lodgepole pine mortality. Specifically, we examine species turnover, rarity and mobility over time, and evaluate shifts in community composition, including the potential for post‐outbreak community homogenization or differentiation.LocationWestern Rocky Mountain National Park in the southern Rocky Mountains, Colorado.MethodsWe collected species occurrence data across lodgepole pine‐dominated forest understories using repeated sampling of the same study sites (during the peak of MPB activity and 5 years after).ResultsMore species appeared than disappeared 5 years after the peak of the outbreak. New species were comprised of both early‐ and late‐successional species, suggesting the presence of rather high microhabitat heterogeneity. Although most species remained relatively rare, the number of exceedingly rare species decreased, and the number of highly common species increased. Several species were able to take advantage of the new stand conditions and expand throughout the study area. Some species appeared to spread locally over short distances mainly via vegetative reproduction, others expanded primarily upwards in elevation, probably through long‐distance dispersal and some spread over both short and long distances. Non‐native species doubled in occurrence and tended to spread upslope, towards the interior of the park, yet remained a small component of the understory overall. Shifts in community composition were minimal, but a slight convergence of plant community groups suggests a trend towards community homogenization.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that even relatively sparse and depauperate lodgepole pine forest understories may be altered in diverse ways following MPB‐induced overstory mortality, depending on the unique ability of species to respond to changes in site conditions and resource availability.
Tomato CRABS CLAW paralogues interact with chromatin remodelling factors to mediate carpel development and floral determinacy
Authors: Castañeda Laura , Giménez Estela , Pineda Benito , García‐Sogo Begoña , Ortiz‐Atienza Ana , Micol‐Ponce Rosa , Angosto Trinidad , Capel Juan , Moreno Vicente , Yuste‐Lisbona Fernando J. , Lozano Rafael 
Published: February 2022

Summary

CRABS CLAW (CRC) orthologues play a crucial role in floral meristem (FM) determinacy and gynoecium formation across angiosperms, the key developmental processes for ensuring successful plant reproduction and crop production. However, the mechanisms behind CRC mediated FM termination are far from fully understood.

Here, we addressed the functional characterization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) paralogous CRC genes. Using mapping‐by‐sequencing, RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, expression analyses, protein–protein interaction assays and Arabidopsis complementation experiments, we examined their potential roles in FM determinacy and carpel formation.

We revealed that the incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of the indeterminate carpel‐inside‐carpel phenotype observed in fruit iterative growth (fig) mutant plants are due to the lack of function of the S. lycopersicum CRC homologue SlCRCa. Furthermore, a detailed functional analysis of tomato CRC paralogues, SlCRCa and SlCRCb, allowed us to propose that they operate as positive regulators of FM determinacy by acting in a compensatory and partially redundant manner to safeguard the proper formation of flowers and fruits.

Our results uncover for the first time the physical interaction of putative CRC orthologues with members of the chromatin remodelling complex that epigenetically represses WUSCHEL expression through histone deacetylation to ensure the proper termination of floral stem cell activity.
Plant volatiles as regulators of hormone homeostasis
Authors: Dani Kaidala Ganesha Srikanta , Loreto Francesco 
Published: February 2022

SummarySome canonical plant hormones such as auxins and gibberellins have precursors that are biogenic volatiles (indole, indole acetonitrile, phenylacetaldoxime and ent‐kaurene). Cytokinins, abscisic acid and strigolactones are hormones comprising chemical moieties that have distinct volatile analogues, and are synthesised alongside constitutively emitted volatiles (isoprene, sesquiterpenes, lactones, benzenoids and apocarotenoid volatiles). Nonvolatile hormone analogues and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) evolved in tandem as growth and behavioural regulators in unicellular organisms. In plants, however, nonvolatile hormones evolved as regulators of growth, development and differentiation, while endogenous BVOCs (often synthesised lifelong) became subtle regulators of hormone synthesis, availability, activity and turnover, all supported by functionally redundant components of hormone metabolism. Reciprocal changes in the abundance and activity of hormones, nitric oxide, and constitutive plant volatiles constantly bridge retrograde and anterograde signalling to maintain hormone equilibria even in unstressed plants. This is distinct from transient interference in hormone signalling by stress‐induced and exogenously received volatiles.
CHEVAUX DE FRISEOF THE IRISH AND BRITISH ISLES
Authors: O’Driscoll James 
Published: February 2022

SummaryChevaux de friseis a term describing a series of deliberately introduced stones or wooden stakes positioned outside an ancient fortification. Only a handful of such sites in Ireland and Britain have been recorded, with a much larger concentration found in the Iberian Peninsula. Traditionally,chevaux de friseis assumed to have originated in Central or Eastern Europe around 800–600 BC before spreading westwards, appearing as a defensive reaction to the use of horses in warfare. However, recent work on Iberian examples have begun to identify Bronze Age precursors as well as challenging the traditional defensive interpretation. This paper, for the first time since Harbison’s seminal work on the subject in 1971, brings together the most recent evidence from Ireland and Britain, identifying a similar Bronze Age horizon and highlighting the potential defensive, and non‐defensive, functions ofchevaux de frise.
Clinical effectiveness of baloxavir marboxil against influenza in three seasons
Authors: Kakuya Fujio , Okubo Hitoshi , Fujiyasu Hiroaki , Kurisawa Mio June , Kinebuchi Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious reports have not clarified the difference in clinical efficacy between baloxavir and oseltamivir against influenza.MethodsA prospective observational study was performed during 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020 influenza seasons. The primary endpoint of this study was to compare the duration of fever between patients who received baloxavir and those who received oseltamivir.ResultsA total of 235 influenza‐infected patients (3–18 years of age), including 91 who received oseltamivir and 144 who received baloxavir, were enrolled. The proportions of influenza A(H3N2) virus, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, and influenza B virus‐infected patients were 31.5%, 42.6%, and 26.0%, respectively. Patients who received oseltamivir were significantly younger than those who received baloxavir. Univariate analyses showed that the duration of fever was shorter with baloxavir than with oseltamivir against influenza virus overall, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, but not for influenza A(H3N2) virus. In multivariate analyses, hazard ratios for influenza virus overall (0.53 [95% CI, 0.38–0.73]), influenza B virus (0.16 [95% CI, 0.07–0.41]), and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (0.55 [95% CI, 0.32–0.93]) were significantly lower in the patients who received baloxavir than those who received oseltamivir. However, the differences between influenza A virus and influenza A(H3N2) virus were not significant between the two groups.ConclusionFor influenza virus overall, influenza B virus, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, baloxavir treatment resulted in shorter duration of fever than oseltamivir treatment, but not for influenza A virus and influenza A(H3N2) virus.
Boundary Conditions Matter—Impact of Test Setup on Inferred Construct Mechanics in Plated Distal Femur Osteotomies
Authors: Inacio Jordan V. , Schwarzenberg Peter , Yoon Richard S. , Kantzos Andrew , Malige Ajith , Nwachuku Chinenye O. , Dailey Hannah L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The mechanics of distal femur fracture fixation has been widely studied in bench tests that employ a variety of approaches for holding and constraining femurs to apply loads. No standard test methods have been adopted for these tests and the impact of test setup on inferred construct mechanics has not been reported. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to use finite element models to compare the mechanical performance of a supracondylar osteotomy with lateral plating under conditions that replicate several common bench test methods. A literature review was used to define a parameterized virtual model of a plated distal femur osteotomy in axial compression loading with four boundary condition sets ranging from minimally to highly constrained. Axial stiffness, fracture gap closure, and transverse motion at the fracture line were recorded for a range of applied loads and bridge spans. The results showed that construct mechanical performance was highly sensitive to boundary conditions imposed by the mechanical test fixtures. Increasing the degrees of constraint, for example, by potting and rigidly clamping one or more ends of the specimen, caused up to a 25× increase in axial stiffness of the construct. Transverse motion and gap closure at the fracture line, which is an important driver of interfragmentary strain, was also largely influenced by the constraint test setup. These results suggest that caution should be used when comparing reported results between bench tests that use different fixtures and that standardization of testing methods is needed in this field.
Impact of prior oral anticoagulant use and outcomes on patients from secondary analysis in the AUGUSTUS trial
Authors: Welsh Robert C. , Dehghani Payam , Lopes Renato , Wojdyla Daniel M , Aronson Ronald , Granger Christopher B , Windecker Stephan , Vora Amit N , Vinereanu Dragos , Halvorsen Sigrun , Parkhomenko Alexander , Mehran Roxana , Alexander John H , Goodman Shaun 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveManaging antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is challenging and can be affected by prior oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment. We examined the relationship between prior OAC use and outcomes in the AUGUSTUS trial.MethodsThis prespecified secondary analysis is from AUGUSTUS, an open-label, 2-by-2 factorial, RCT to evaluate the safety of apixaban versus vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and aspirin versus placebo in patients with AF and ACS and/or PCI. The primary endpoint, major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding and clinical outcomes were compared in patients receiving (n=2262) or not receiving (n=2352) an OAC prior to enrolment.ResultsPatients with prior OAC use had more comorbidities, higher CHA2DS2-VASC and HAS-BLED scores, and were more likely enrolled following elective PCI. There was no difference in major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding with or without prior OAC (30 days: 5.1% vs 5.9% (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.06); 180 days: 13.5% vs 13.5% (aHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.16)). Patients with prior OAC use had a lower risk of death or ischaemic events (30 days: 1.7% vs 2.8% (aHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.92); 180 days: 5.4% vs 7.6% (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.88)). No interactions between randomised treatment (apixaban vs VKA, aspirin vs placebo) and prior OAC status were observed for outcomes, apart from apixaban (vs VKA) being associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction with prior OAC use (180 days: 2.0% vs 3.7% (aHR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.91().ConclusionsIn AUGUSTUS, prior OAC use was associated with fewer ischaemic events but not more bleeding. In patients with AF and ACS and/or undergoing PCI, clinicians can be assured that the trial results can be applied to patients regardless of their prior OAC status.Trial registration numberNCT02415400.
Higgs triplet extension of GRACE
Authors: Kouda Yusaku , Kon Tadashi , Kurihara Yoshimasa , Ueda Takahiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMuch theoretical effort and automatization are required to confront new physics models with experimental data for many types of particle reactions at future colliders. In this context, we extend Grace, an automatic calculation system for invariant amplitudes, to incorporate particles and interactions in the Georgi–Machacek model. With the extended Grace system, we study fermiophobic Higgs boson production processes at $$e^+ e^-$$

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and $$e^- e^-$$

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colliders in the model. The results show some advantages of $$e^- e^-$$

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colliders over $$e^+ e^-$$

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colliders for new physics search and thus its complementary role.
Improved experimental layout for dipole moment measurements at the LHC
Authors: Biryukov V. M. , Ruiz-Vidal J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe electric and magnetic dipole moment of charm and bottom baryons can be measured for the first time by using bent crystal technology at the LHC. The experimental method, proposed in recent years, suffers from limited statistics, which dominates the uncertainty of the measurement. In this work, we present an alternative experimental layout, based on the use of crystal lenses, that improves the trapping efficiency by about a factor 15 (35) for a 2-cm (5-mm) target with respect to the nominal layout, with plain crystal faces. The efficiencies are evaluated taking into account the constraints from the LHC machine, and the technical challenges to realize this novel experimental method are discussed.
Seizure-like behaviour in antelope ground squirrels
Authors: Refinetti Roberto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In a colony of 52 antelope ground squirrels conceived in the wild and raised in the laboratory, 42% of adult animals exhibited freezing and seizure-like behaviour in response to the minor stress of monthly cage changes. This behavioural pattern, which was never exhibited at other times, is similar to that previously described in Mongolian gerbils. Characteristics of the behavioural pattern do not seem to be indicative of a captivity-induced stereotypy.
Sex-specific prioritization of parental roles by the convict cichlid is differentially affected by brood predator threat
Authors: Snekser Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Parents are faced with multiple, critical tasks, and must prioritize mutually exclusive activities. With biparental care, decisions on prioritization become more complex, as sexes may differ in their prioritization of conflicting behaviours and compensation for changes in their mates’ behaviour. Here, I examined the decisions of biparental convict cichlids when they were forced to retrieve displaced young and defend against an intruder. The size and proximity of the potential predator was varied to determine how threat-level influenced prioritization decisions. Males tended to be consistent in their contributions to offspring, regardless of the threat to young. Female parents, however, were much more variable in their care and adjusted their aggression with the size of the intruder and adjusted retrieval in relation to the proximity of the offspring. Sex differences in parental contributions may be due to differences in the parents’ ability or willingness to adjust roles and/or differential potential future reproduction.