bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Seemingly Paradoxical Relationship Between Masturbation Frequency and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Fischer Nantje , Træen Bente 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite many benefits related to masturbation, we know surprisingly little about how solo sex is associated with sexual satisfaction. Using questionnaire data from a probability-based sample of 4,160 Norwegians aged 18–89 years, we explored subgroups of women and men that differed in their masturbation–sexual satisfaction typology and examined whether sociodemographic, psychological, and sexual behavioral characteristics were associated with distinct masturbation–satisfaction patterns. A cluster analysis revealed four similar groupings for women and men, reflecting sex lives characterized by high masturbation/sexual satisfaction, low masturbation/sexual satisfaction, high masturbation/sexual dissatisfaction, or low masturbation/sexual dissatisfaction. While being younger, higher pornography consumption, and sexual variety were primarily associated with increased masturbation frequency, sexual distress and a negative body and genital self-image were more clearly associated with sexual dissatisfaction. Predicting different masturbation–satisfaction groupings also revealed some gender-specific findings in the use of pornography, and in the association between masturbation and intercourse frequency, which suggested a complementary pattern for women and a compensatory pattern for men. Our findings emphasize that the linkage between masturbation and sexual satisfaction warrants closer focus.
The Great Porn Experiment V2.0: Sexual Arousal Reduces the Salience of Familiar Women When Heterosexual Men Judge Their Attractiveness
Authors: Sculley Jordan , Watkins Christopher D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPornography has become widely accessible in recent years due to its integration with the Internet, generating social scientific and moralistic debate on potential “media effects,” given correlations between consumption and various sexual traits and behaviors. One popular public debate (Wilson, 2012) claimed that exposure to Internet pornography has addictive qualities that could impact men’s sexual relationships, underpinned by the “Coolidge effect,” where males are sexually motivated by the presence of novel mates. As claims about Internet and sexual addictions are scientifically controversial, we provide a direct experimental test of his proposal. Adapting a paradigm used to examine “Coolidge-like” effects in men, we examined the extent to which exposure to images of pornographic actresses altered men’s attractiveness ratings of (1) familiar faces/bodies on second viewing and (2) familiar versus novel women’s faces/bodies. Independent of slideshow content (pornographic versus clothed versions of same actress), heterosexual men were less attracted to familiar bodies, and homosexual men were less attracted to familiar women (faces and bodies), suggesting that mere visual exposure to attractive women moderated men’s preferences. However, consistent with one of our preregistered predictions, heterosexual but not homosexual men’s preferences for familiar versus novel women were moderated by slideshow content such that familiar women were less salient on the attractiveness dimension compared to novel women when sexual arousal was greater (pornographic versus clothed slideshows). In sum, our findings demonstrate that visual exposure/sexual arousal moderates attractiveness perceptions, albeit that much greater nuance is required considering earlier claims.
The implementation of a noninvasive lymph node staging (NILS) preoperative prediction model is cost effective in primary breast cancer
Authors: Skarping Ida , Nilsson Kristoffer , Dihge Looket , Fridhammar Adam , Ohlsson Mattias , Huss Linnea , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Steen Carlsson Katarina , Rydén Lisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The need for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinically node-negative (cN0) patients is currently questioned. Our objective was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of a preoperative noninvasive lymph node staging (NILS) model (an artificial neural network model) for predicting pathological nodal status in patients with cN0 breast cancer (BC).

Methods
A health-economic decision-analytic model was developed to evaluate the utility of the NILS model in reducing the proportion of cN0 patients with low predicted risk undergoing SLNB. The model used information from a national registry and published studies, and three sensitivity/specificity scenarios of the NILS model were evaluated. Subgroup analysis explored the outcomes of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. The results are presented as cost (€) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per 1000 patients.

Results
All three scenarios of the NILS model reduced total costs (–€93,244 to –€398,941 per 1000 patients). The overall health benefit allowing for the impact of SLNB complications was a net health gain (7.0–26.9 QALYs per 1000 patients). Sensitivity analyses disregarding reduced quality of life from lymphedema showed a small loss in total health benefits (0.4–4.0 QALYs per 1000 patients) because of the reduction in total life years (0.6–6.5 life years per 1000 patients) after reduced adjuvant treatment. Subgroup analyses showed greater cost reductions and QALY gains in patients undergoing BCS.

Conclusion
Implementing the NILS model to identify patients with low risk for nodal metastases was associated with substantial cost reductions and likely overall health gains, especially in patients undergoing BCS.
The Efficacy of Parent Management Training With or Without Involving the Child in the Treatment Among Children with Clinical Levels of Disruptive Behavior: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Helander Maria , Asperholm Martin , Wetterborg Dan , Öst Lars-Göran , Hellner Clara , Herlitz Agneta , Enebrink Pia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted where we evaluated the effects of Parent Management Training (PMT), Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) and PMT combined with child cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) using data from 25 RCTs on children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior (age range 2–13 years). Results showed that PMT (g = 0.64 [95% CI 0.42, 0.86]) and PCIT (g = 1.22 [95% CI 0.75, 1.69]) were more effective than waiting-list (WL) in reducing parent-rated disruptive behavior, and PMT also in improving parental skills (g = 0.83 [95% CI 0.67, 0.98]) and child social skills (g = 0.49 [95% CI 0.30, 0.68]). PCIT versus WL had larger effects in reducing disruptive behavior than PMT versus WL. In the few studies found, the addition of child CBT to PMT did not yield larger effects than PMT or WL. These results support offering PMT to children with clinical levels of disruptive behavior and highlight the additional benefits of PCIT for younger ages.
A systematic approach to parameter optimization and its application to flight schedule simulation software
Authors: Brownlee Alexander E. I. , Epitropakis Michael G. , Mulder Jeroen , Paelinck Marc , Burke Edmund K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndustrial software often has many parameters that critically impact performance. Frequently, these are left in a sub-optimal configuration for a given application because searching over possible configurations is costly and, except for developer instinct, the relationships between parameters and performance are often unclear and complex. While there have been significant advances in automated parameter tuning approaches recently, they are typically black-box. The high-quality solutions produced are returned to the user without explanation. The nature of optimisation means that, often, these solutions are far outside the well-established settings for the software, making it difficult to accept and use them. To address the above issue, a systematic approach to software parameter optimization is presented. Several well-established techniques are followed in sequence, each underpinning the next, with rigorous analysis of the search space. This allows the results to be explainable to both end users and developers, improving confidence in the optimal solutions, particularly where they are counter-intuitive. The process comprises statistical analysis of the parameters; single-objective optimization for each target objective; functional ANOVA to explain trends and inter-parameter interactions; and a multi-objective optimization seeded with the results from the single-objective stage. A case study demonstrates application to business-critical software developed by the international airline Air France-KLM for measuring flight schedule robustness. A configuration is found with a run-time of 80% that of the tried-and-tested configuration, with no loss in predictive accuracy. The configuration is supplemented with detailed analysis explaining the importance of each parameter, how they interact with each other, how they influence run-time and accuracy, and how the final configuration was reached. In particular, this explains why the configuration included some parameter settings that were outwith the usually recommended range, greatly increasing developer confidence and encouraging adoption of the new configuration.
Vocational values scale: initial development and testing of the student form (VVS–S)
Authors: Atitsogbe Kokou A. , Bernaud Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis manuscript aimed to develop an instrument assessing vocational values among students (VVS–S). The scale was developed in French using three different samples of Togolese participants for item development (N = 140), exploratory (N = 308) and confirmatory analyses (N = 300). It consists of 17 items divided into the five subscales of Power, Family, Helping, Salary, and Creativity. The correlational, higher-order, and bifactor models showed that these values could be considered independently. Moreover, four of the values correlated positively but weakly with life satisfaction. The VVS–S’s usefulness for research and practice in counseling, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, is discussed.
ADMM-Based Residual Whiteness Principle for Automatic Parameter Selection in Single Image Super-Resolution Problems
Authors: Pragliola Monica , Calatroni Luca , Lanza Alessandro , Sgallari Fiorella 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose an automatic parameter selection strategy for the single image super-resolution problem for images corrupted by blur and additive white Gaussian noise with unknown standard deviation. The proposed approach exploits the structure of both the down-sampling and the blur operators in the frequency domain and computes the optimal regularisation parameter as the one optimising a suitably defined residual whiteness measure. Computationally, the proposed strategy relies on the fast solution of generalised Tikhonov $$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

–$$\ell _2$$

ℓ
2

problems as proposed in Zhao et al. (IEEE Trans Image Process 25:3683–3697, 2016). These problems naturally appear as substeps of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers used to solve single image super-resolution problems with non-quadratic, non-smooth, sparsity-promoting regularisers both in convex and in non-convex regimes. After detailing the theoretical properties allowing to express the whiteness functional in a compact way, we report an exhaustive list of numerical experiments proving the effectiveness of the proposed approach for different type of problems, in comparison with well-known parameter selection strategies such as, e.g., the discrepancy principle.
Exploring Inductive Linearization for simulation and estimation with an application to the Michaelis–Menten model
Authors: Sharif Sepideh , Hasegawa Chihiro , Duffull Stephen B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are common in pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic systems. Although their exact solutions cannot generally be determined via algebraic methods, their rapid and accurate solutions are desirable. Thus, numerical methods have a critical role. Inductive Linearization was proposed as a method to solve systems of nonlinear ODEs. It is an iterative approach that converts a nonlinear ODE into a linear time-varying (LTV) ODE, for which a range of standard integration techniques can then be used to solve (e.g., eigenvalue decomposition [EVD]). This study explores the properties of Inductive Linearization when coupled with EVD for integration of the LTV ODE and illustrates how the efficiency of the method can be improved. Improvements were based on three approaches, (1) incorporation of a convergence criterion for the iterative linearization process (for simulation and estimation), (2) creating more efficient step sizes for EVD (for simulation and estimation), and (3) updating the initial conditions of the Inductive Linearization (for estimation). The performance of these improvements were evaluated using single subject stochastic simulation-estimation with an application to a simple pharmacokinetic model with Michaelis–Menten elimination. The reference comparison was a standard non-stiff Runge–Kutta method with variable step size (ode45, MATLAB). Each of the approaches improved the speed of the Inductive Linearization technique without diminishing accuracy which, in this simple case, was faster than ode45 with comparable accuracy in the parameter estimates. The methods described here can easily be implemented in standard software programme such as R or MATLAB. Further work is needed to explore this technique for estimation in a population approach setting.
A unified framework for online trip destination prediction
Authors: Eberstein Victor , Sjöblom Jonas , Murgovski Nikolce , Haghir Chehreghani Morteza 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTrip destination prediction is an area of increasing importance in many applications such as trip planning, autonomous driving and electric vehicles. Even though this problem could be naturally addressed in an online learning paradigm where data is arriving in a sequential fashion, the majority of research has rather considered the offline setting. In this paper, we present a unified framework for trip destination prediction in an online setting, which is suitable for both online training and online prediction. For this purpose, we develop two clustering algorithms and integrate them within two online prediction models for this problem. We investigate the different configurations of clustering algorithms and prediction models on a real-world dataset. We demonstrate that both the clustering and the entire framework yield consistent results compared to the offline setting. Finally, we propose a novel regret metric for evaluating the entire online framework in comparison to its offline counterpart. This metric makes it possible to relate the source of erroneous predictions to either the clustering or the prediction model. Using this metric, we show that the proposed methods converge to a probability distribution resembling the true underlying distribution with a lower regret than all of the baselines.
Paradox and context shift
Authors: Mankowitz Poppy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Liar sentenceL, which reads ‘Lis not true’, can be used to produce an apparently valid argument proving thatLis not true and thatLis true. There has been increasing recognition of the appeal of contextualist solutions to the Liar paradox. Contextualist accounts hold that some step in the reasoning induces a context shift that causes the apparently contradictory claims to occur at different contexts. Attempts at identifying the most promising contextualist account often rely ontiming arguments, which seek to isolate a step at which the context cannot be claimed to have shifted or must have shifted. The literature contains a number of timing arguments that draw incompatible conclusions about the location of the context shift. I argue that no existing timing arguments succeed. An alternative strategy for assessing contextualist accounts evaluates the plausibility of their explanations of why the context shifts. However, even this strategy yields no clear verdict about which contextualist account is the most promising. I conclude that there are some grounds for optimism and for pessimism about the potential to adequately motivate contextualism.
Wholesale funding and liquidity creation
Authors: Kladakis George , Chen Lei , Bellos Sotirios K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine the relationship between wholesale funding and liquidity creation using a sample of 825 banks in 84 countries during the post-crisis period of 2010–2020. We find that asset-side liquidity creation is consistently negatively associated with short-term wholesale funding, but not with long-term wholesale funding. Our results suggest that the relationship of short-term wholesale funding with asset-side liquidity creation is significantly driven by a negative relationship with illiquid lending. Moreover, our results show that the negative relationship between wholesale funding and liquidity creation is positively moderated by asset risk, suggesting the presence of moral hazard incentives. Our results are robust to a series of tests and have important implications for bank liquidity regulation.
A Justification of Legitimate Teleological Explanations in Physics Education
Authors: Brock Richard , Kampourakis Kostas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScientific teleological explanations cite end states as causes to account for physical phenomena. Researchers in science education have noted that students can use teleological explanations in ways that are illegitimate, for example, by implying that inanimate objects are acting intentionally. Despite such cases, several examples of legitimate teleological explanation have been described, and the use of the explanatory form in several contexts in biological education has been encouraged. We argue that, in addition to those biological cases, teleological accounts that meet two criteria can be a legitimate and valuable tool in physics education. We propose that teleological accounts are legitimate when, first, the account reflects the cause-and-effect relationships that exist in reality and, second, when the end state has a degree of necessity. Our account is based on Lange’s model of constraint-based causality, in which he argues that phenomena can be explained by reference to constraints, necessary restrictions, for example, physical laws, that limit the behaviour of phenomena. We introduce seven examples of constraint-based teleology in the context of physics education and consider to what extent the two criteria are met in each case and hence their legitimacy. Five potential criticisms of the approach are introduced, discussed, and dismissed. Strategies for using legitimate teleological explanations in the physics classroom are proposed.
Estimating the Open Solar Flux from In-Situ Measurements
Authors: Frost Anna Marie , Owens Mathew , Macneil Allan , Lockwood Mike 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA fraction of the magnetic flux threading the solar photosphere extends to sufficient heliocentric distances that it is dragged out by the solar wind. Understanding this open solar flux (OSF) is central to space weather, as the OSF forms the heliosphere, magnetically connects the Sun to the planets, and dominates the motion of energetic particles. Quantification of OSF is also a key means of verifying global coronal models. However, OSF estimates derived from extrapolating the magnetic field from photospheric observations are consistently smaller than those based on heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) measurements, by around a factor two. It is therefore important to understand the uncertainties in estimating OSF from in-situ HMF measurements. This requires both an assumption of latitudinal invariance in the radial component of the HMF in the heliosphere, and that structures without an immediate connection to the Sun, such as local magnetic field inversions (or ‘switchbacks’), can be correctly accounted for. In this study, we investigate the second assumption. Following an established methodology, we use in-situ electron and magnetic data to determine the global topology of the HMF and correct for inversions that would otherwise lead to an overestimation of the OSF. The OSF estimation is applied to the interval 1994 – 2021 and combines measurements from the Wind and ACE spacecraft. This extends the time range over which this methodology has previously been applied from 13 years (1998 – 2011) to 27 years. We find that inversions cannot fully explain the discrepancy between heliospheric and photospheric OSF estimations, with the best heliospheric estimate of OSF still, on average, a factor 1.6 higher than the values extrapolated from photospheric observations.
Meaning in time: on temporal externalism and Kripkenstein’s skeptical challenge
Authors: Reinikainen Jaakko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main question of metasemantics, or foundational semantics, is why an expression token has the meaning (semantic value) that it in fact has. In his reading of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s later work, Saul Kripke presented a skeptical challenge that threatened to make the foundational question unanswerable. My first contention in this paper is that the skeptical challenge indeed poses an insoluble paradox, but only for a certain kind of metasemantic theory, against which the challenge effectively works as a reductio ad absurdum argument. My second contention is that as a result of rejecting the theory which entails a paradoxical outcome, we will see that the foundational question essentially involves a temporal dimension. After arguing that the skeptical challenge gives us a strong reason to adopt a historical view of meaning, I shall further argue against certain authors who claim that meanings not only have histories but futures as well, or that the meaning of a word may change retroactively in time as a consequence of counterfactual change in its future use. The major aim of the paper is thus to bring together the arguably interrelated debates about the skeptical challenge and temporal externalism in philosophy of language.
An Overview of the Common Elements of Learning Management System Policies in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Turnbull Darren , Chugh Ritesh , Luck Jo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLearning management systems form an integral part of the learning environments of most universities and support a wide range of diverse activities and operations. However, learning management systems are often regulated by institutional policies that address the general use of Information Technology and Communication services rather than specific learning management system policies. Hence, we propose that learning management system environments are complex techno-social systems that require dedicated standalone policies to regulate their operation. This preliminary study examined a selection of learning management system policies from twenty universities in four countries to identify some of the elements that are considered necessary for inclusion in policy documents. Seventeen individual elements of learning management system policy documents were identified from a synthesis of the policies. These were classified into six policy categories: Accounts, Courses, Ownership, Support, Usage, and Protection. The study also identified three additional qualities of learning management system policy documents: standalone comprehensibility, platform-neutral statements, and contemporary relevance. The findings of this study will serve as a useful template for developing dedicated standalone policies for the governance of university learning management systems.