bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Need for a single standardized licensing & residency-entrance level exam policy in the medical education system of Pakistan
Authors: Hammad Ali Syed Muhammad , Umar Masood Hafiz Muhammad , Malik Asim 
Published: April 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.6464
How to cite this:Ali SMH, Masood HMU, Malik A. Need for a single standardized licensing & residency-entrance level exam policy in the medical education system of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):1083-1085. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.6464
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Reproductive characteristics of the giant gurami sago strain (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801): basic knowledge for a future hatchery development strategy
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Syandri Hafrijal , Aryani Netti 
Published: April 2022

Background: The giant gourami sago strain (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède) has been approved in 2018 as a candidate for freshwater aquaculture in Indonesia. However, information on the species’ reproduction is minimal. This study analyzed the reproductive characteristics of the gourami sago strain broodfish to provide basic knowledge for a future hatchery development strategy. Methods: A total of 10 female and 10 male mature gourami sago strain broodfish were measured for body weight and length, and were evaluated for their reproductive characteristics. Breeding fish were spawned naturally in a 2×1×0.6 m concrete pond with a male-female sex ratio of 1:1. Egg weight and diameter were measured in 25 eggs per female using, respectively, ACIS AD- 600i scales with 0.01 g accuracy, and a microscope (Labo model L-711) using Canon Digital Camera Software 3 . Semen was collected using plastic syringes in 3 mL aliquots, then placed in an insulated ice-cooled container, and analyzed within two hours of collection. Results: Average weights of female and male broodfish before spawning were 2180±159.78 g and 3060±134.99 g, respectively. The relative fecundity and egg diameter were 1029±36 eggs kg-1 and 2.42±0.05 mm, respectively. The hatching rate and embryo survival to an eyed-egg stage were respectively 76.40±2.27% and 94.76±0.42%. Sperm characteristics showed that volume was 0.60±0.12 ml kg-1 and percentage of motile sperm was 70.04±2.27%. Female broodfish weight after spawning was strongly correlated with the weight before spawned (r2 = 0.999) and absolute fecundity was also strongly correlated with female broodfish weight before spawning (r2= 0.921). Sperm concentration was moderately correlated with sperm motility (r2 = 0.556) and duration of sperm motility (r2 = 0.502). Conclusions: The gourami sago strain broodfish has suitable reproductive characteristics for the development of hatcheries. Successful natural spawning should be followed by larval weaning and feeding technology to increase growth and survival.
Predictors of social response to COVID-19 among health care workers caring for individuals with confirmed COVID-19 in Jordan
Authors: Dalky Heyam , Khraisat Adam , Khalifeh Anas H. , Abuhammad Sawsan , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman 
Published: April 2022

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 forced public health authorities around the world to call for national emergency plans. Public responses, in the form of social discrimination and stigmatizing behaviors, are increasingly being observed against individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for those individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the perception of social discrimination and coping strategies, and explore predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative design to collect data, using a convenience sample of 105 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 109 HCWs using a web-based survey format. Results: In this study, individuals confirmed with COVID-19 reported a high level of social discrimination compared with HCWs (t = 2.62, p < 0.01), while HCWs reported a high level of coping with COVID-19 compared to individuals with COVID-19 (t = -3.91, p < 0.001). Educational level, age, monthly income, and taking over-the-counter medication were predictors of social discrimination and coping with COVID-19 among HCWs and individuals with confirmed COVID-19. Conclusions: The findings showed that individuals with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to face social discrimination, and HCWs cope with COVID-19 better than ordinary individuals with confirmed COVID-19.
A pandemia da desinformação: covid-19 e as mídias sociais - do fascínio tecnológico à (auto)regulação
Authors: Wermuth Maiquel Ângelo Dezordi , Morais José Luís Bolzan de , Festugatto Adriana Martins Ferreira 
Published: April 2022

ResumoO artigo analisa a utilização das novas fontes de comunicação e informação postas pela Revolução Digital no cenário de crise sanitária da Covid-19, e as práticas de autorregulação recentemente adotadas pelas plataformas intermediárias de internet, no tocante à exclusão, mediante juízo próprio, de conteúdos tidos como não informativos. Utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e da abordagem hermenêutica para estabelecer uma adequada compreensão em relação à questão posta. O problema de pesquisa consiste em avaliar em que medida as mídias sociais digitais serviram de medium para o debate em torno da pandemia e como elas têm sido utilizadas para a propagação de desinformação, bem como para a aparição de um discurso antimoderno em termos de racionalidade, ciência e política. Como principais resultados, aponta-se para um possível retorno à tradição do direito social, talvez falseada, sem qualquer regulamentação pública e mecanismos de accountability.Palavras-chave: Fake news; mídias digitais; pandemia; desinformação; autorregulação AbstractThe article analyzes the use of the new sources of communication and information brought by the Digital Revolution in the scenario of the health crisis of Covid-19, and the self-regulation practices recently adopted by the intermediary internet platforms, with regard to exclusion, through their own judgment, of content considered non-informative. Bibliographic and documentary research and the hermeneutic approach were used to establish an adequate understanding in relation to the question posed. The research problem is to assess the extent to which digital social media served as a medium for the debate around the pandemic and how they have been used to spread disinformation, as well as for the appearance of an anti-modern discourse in terms of rationality, science and politics. As main results, it points to a possible return to the tradition of social law, perhaps distorted, without any public regulation and accountability mechanisms.Keywords: Fake news; digital media; pandemic; disinformation; self-regulation
Morpho-anatomical characterization and DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L.
Authors: ILHAM MOCHAMMAD , MUKARROMAH SITI RIZQIYATUL , RAKASHIWI GALUH AYU , INDRIATI DANI TRI , YOKU BRUNI FLARANDA , PURNAMA PUTUT RAKHMAD , JUNAIRIAH JUNAIRIAH , PRASONGSUK SEHANAT , PURNOBASUKI HERY , WAHYUNI DWI KUSUMA 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Ilham M,Mukarromah SR, Rakashiwi GA, Indriati DT, Yoku BF, Purnama PR, Junairiah, Prasongsuk S,Purnobasuki H, Wahyuni DK. 2022. Morpho-anatomical characterizationand DNA barcoding of Achillea millefolium L. Biodiversitas 23: 1958-1969. One of the important things to study the distribution of secondary metabolites in the plant body is to carry out the identification process. Morphological markers have several limitations to recognize plants, therefore supporting data is needed so that the information becomes more comprehensive. This study aims to identify Achillea millefolium L. based on morphological, anatomical, and DNA barcoding markers to obtain specific data and avoid confusion. Morphological studies were carried out descriptively using vegetative organs, while anatomical studies of rhizomes, stems, and leaves used the paraffin method. The DNA barcoding was performed by analyzinggenes from 3 different individuals. The research was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the partial gene in the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylaselarge subunit (rbcL) regions and maturase-K (matK). The results showed that the plant had taproots, short stems due to root rosette and the leaves were double compound. The rhizome and stem tissues had almost the same structure, while the leaves had a tissue arrangement that was similar to other plants in general, except that the mesophyll tissue was undifferentiated. The results of DNA barcoding showed a percentage of identity above 98% for both the rbcLand matK genes.
Is tranexamic acid associated with decreased need for blood transfusion in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prasad S , Sharma G , Devana S Kumar , Kumar S , Sharma S 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Bleeding is a common complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for renal stone disease. Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been found to reduce mortality and blood transfusion in surgical and trauma patients. This review aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of TXA in patients undergoing PNL. Methods A systematic literature review was performed to recognise all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of TXA in PNL. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the need for blood transfusion with and without TXA. Findings Six RCTs with 1,323 patients were included in this review. Haemoglobin fall was lower in the TXA group compared with the control group, and the need for blood transfusion was reduced by 67% (odds ratio (OR) 0.33, confidence interval (CI) (0.21, 0.52), p<0.00001). However, blood loss was comparable for the two groups (mean difference −116.9, CI (−244.5,10.7) p=0.07). Length of stay and duration of surgery was significantly shorter with TXA. Furthermore, both minor and major complications were lower in the TXA group. Stone-free rate was higher with the TXA group. No thromboembolic complications were noted in the TXA group. Conclusions TXA is safe and efficacious for PNL with a reduction in need for blood transfusion and without an attending increase in complication rates.
Excimer laser atherectomy combined with drug-coated balloon angioplasty for the treatment of femoropopliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans
Authors: Su Z , Li Y , Yang S , Guo J , Guo, L , Gu Y 
Published: April 2022

Introduction It has been reported that excimer laser atherectomy combined with a drug-coated balloon (ELA+DCB) can achieve better results than simple balloon angioplasty, especially for the treatment of femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis. However, reports on the application of ELA+DCB in China for femoropopliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans are lacking. This study focuses on analysing the effectiveness and safety of ELA+DCB. Methods This was a single-centre retrospective study that enrolled patients from November 2016 to January 2019 who had femoropopliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans treated by ELA+DCB. Preoperative demographics, operative details and postoperative follow-up outcomes were analysed statistically. Results There were 43 patients with an average patient age of 68.0±8.6 years; 79.1% were male. In 30 cases, the lesions were de novo and the others were in-stent restenosis (ISR). During the procedure, flow-limiting dissection (48.8%) was the main adverse event and there were 17 bailout stent implantations due to dissection. Mean (±sd) ankle–brachial index (ABI) in the patients was 0.42±0.31 before the operation and 0.83±0.13 before discharge. The mean (±sd) follow-up time was 29.35±9.71 months. The primary patency rate was 66.8%, 64.3% and 60.9% at 12, 24 and 36 months. Freedom from target lesion revascularisation (TLR) was 85.7%, 80.7% and 75.3% at 12, 24 and 36 months. Rutherford categories also greatly improved during follow-up. Overall mortality was 6.9% (3/48), and no deaths were related to the intervention. Conclusion The use of ELA+DCB had good clinical benefit for femoropopliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans, which had good primary patency and freedom from TLR, although intraoperative complications still required attention. Multicentre randomised controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed.
The incubation of Tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) eggs using funnel system at different temperatures
Authors: Mellisa Siska , Ramadhan Rizki Danang , Hasri Iwan , Nurfadillah Nurfadillah 
Published: April 2022

Tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is freshwater fish found in Borneo, Java, and Sumatera including in Aceh Province waters. It is known as a native species in Indonesia, locally known as Tengadak or Lampan and this species is popular for consumption due to its taste. Tinfoil barb is targeted species of inland water for fisheries production. In recent years, the fish population has declined because of overexploitation and habitat degradation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of temperature on Tinfoil barb (B. schwanenfeldii) eggs incubation using a funnel system. It was conducted at Balai Benih Ikan (BBI) Lukup Badak, Central Aceh Regency. The Completely Randomized Design was used as a statistical analysis method with four treatments and three replications at 22±1 oC, 25±1 oC, 28±1 oC, and 31±1 oC. Hatching was carried out using a funnel system with 100 grain/liter of eggs density for incubation. The parameters measured were hatching time and rate, egg yolk absorption time, the survival rate of the embryo, larvae abnormality, and water quality. The ANOVA test results showed that temperature significantly affected hatching time and rate, egg yolk absorption time, and larvae abnormality (P0.05). In contrast, the effect was insignificant on the survival rate of an embryo, with P0.05. It is concluded that the optimum temperatures for Tinfoil barb eggs incubation were about 25±1 oC–31±1 oC. A funnel system was more effective for incubation than the conventional system.Keywords:Tinfoil barbFishIncubationTemperatureFunnel System
Co-production and arts-informed inquiry as creative power for knowledge mobilisation
Authors: MacGregor Stephen , Cooper Amanda , Searle Michelle , Kukkonen Tiina 
Published: April 2022

Background:Interest in using arts-informed approaches within research to increase stakeholder engagement is growing; however, there is little work describing how these approaches are operationalised across contexts. This article addresses that gap by exploring the use of arts-informed approaches across three projects.
Aims and objectives:We explore how conceptualising research and evaluation as creative endeavours, particularly in arts-informed approaches to co-production, create opportunities to move knowledge into action (knowledge mobilisation). We propose an actionable configuration of context + mechanism = outcome (CMO) to understand the influence of arts-informed approaches to co-production.
Methods:Multi-case design and cross-case synthesis was conducted of three studies that used arts-informed approaches. A common focus across our cases was evidence use in the K-12 education sector; however, each engaged with this focus by involving different types of evidence and sets of education stakeholders.
Findings:Arts-informed approaches and co-production were influenced by a variety of contextual factors such as relationships between researchers and stakeholders, ethical issues of collaborative research activities, approaches to meaningful stakeholder engagement, co-production of knowledge, capacity-building support and resources, and communication between multi-stakeholder partners. Outcomes included new ways of thinking about research topics based on arts-informed approaches, more positive attitudes about co-production, more relevant and useful research and evaluation findings, and increased openness to future co-productive work.
Discussion and conclusions:Four propositions arising from this article include: (1) arts-informed approaches address context specificity and sensitivity; (2) arts-informed approaches promote engagement; (3) arts-informed approaches enhance and intertwine skills; (4) arts-informed approaches broaden thinking about impact.
Neural network-based surrogate model for inverse design of metasurfaces
Authors: Jing Guoqing , Wang Peipei , Wu Haisheng , Ren Jianjun , Xie Zhiqiang , Liu Junmin , Ye Huapeng , Li Ying , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Shuqing 
Published: April 2022

Metasurfaces composed of spatially arranged ultrathin subwavelength elements are promising photonic devices for manipulating optical wavefronts, with potential applications in holography, metalens, and multiplexing communications. Finding microstructures that meet light modulation requirements is always a challenge in designing metasurfaces, where parameter sweep, gradient-based inverse design, and topology optimization are the most commonly used design methods in which the massive electromagnetic iterations require the design computational cost and are sometimes prohibitive. Herein, we propose a fast inverse design method that combines a physics-based neural network surrogate model (NNSM) with an optimization algorithm. The NNSM, which can generate an accurate electromagnetic response from the geometric topologies of the meta-atoms, is constructed for electromagnetic iterations, and the optimization algorithm is used to search for the on-demand meta-atoms from the phase library established by the NNSM to realize an inverse design. This method addresses two important problems in metasurface design: fast and accurate electromagnetic wave phase prediction and inverse design through a single phase-shift value. As a proof-of-concept, we designed an orbital angular momentum (de)multiplexer based on a phase-type metasurface, and 200 Gbit/s quadrature-phase shift-keying signals were successfully transmitted with a bit error rate approaching

1.67
×

10

−
6

. Because the design is mainly based on an optimization algorithm, it can address the “one-to-many” inverse problem in other micro/nano devices such as integrated photonic circuits, waveguides, and nano-antennas.
Intra-atrial activation pattern is useful to localize the areas of non-pulmonary vein triggers of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sakamoto Kazuo , Mukai Yasushi , Kawai Shunsuke , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Inoue Shujiro , Takase Susumu , Yakabe Daisuke , Ikeda Shota , Mannoji Hiroshi , Nagayama Tomomi , Chishaki Akiko , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

Background
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF), however, PVI alone is insufficient to suppress AF recurrence. Non-pulmonary vein (non-PV) trigger ablation is one of the promising strategies beyond PVI and has been shown to be effective in refractory/persistent AF cases. To make non-PV trigger ablation more standardized, it is essential to develop a simple method to localize the origin of non-PV triggers.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 37 non-PV triggers in 751 ablation sessions for symptomatic AF from January 2017 to December 2020. Regarding non-PV triggers, intra-atrial activation interval from the earliest in right atrium (RA) to proximal coronary sinus (CS) (RA-CSp) and that from the earliest in RA to distal CS (RA-CSd) obtained by a basically-positioned duodecapolar RA-CS catheter were compared among 3 originating non-PV areas [RA, atrial septum (SEP) and left atrium (LA)].

Results
RA-CSp of RA non-PV trigger (56.4 ± 23.4 ms) was significantly longer than that of SEP non-PV (14.8 ± 25.6 ms, p = 0.019) and LA non-PV (-24.9 ± 27.9 ms, p = 0.0004). RA-CSd of RA non-PV (75.9 ± 32.1 ms) was significantly longer than that of SEP non-PV (34.2 ± 32.6 ms, p = 0.040) and LA non-PV (-13.3 ± 41.2 ms, p = 0.0008). RA-CSp and RA-CSd of SEP non-PV were significantly longer than those of LA non-PV (p = 0.022 and p = 0.016, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity of an algorithm to differentiate the area of non-PV trigger using RA-CSp (cut-off value: 50 ms) and RA-CSd (cut-off value: 0 ms) were 88% and 97% for RA non-PV, 81% and 73% for SEP non-PV, 65% and 95% for LA non-PV, respectively.

Conclusions
The analysis of intra-atrial activation sequences was useful to differentiate non-PV trigger areas. A simple algorithm to localize the area of non-PV trigger would be helpful to identify non-PV trigger sites in AF ablation.
Current status and influential factors for family health management during quarantine: A latent category analysis
Authors: Li Guangming , Li Mengying , Peng Shuzhen , Wang Ying , Ran Li , Chen Xuyu , Zhang Ling , Zhu Sirong , Chen Qi , Wang Wenjing , Xu Yang , Zhang Yubin , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: April 2022

Objective
We aimed to explore factors affecting family health management during home quarantine as well as the effects of variations in family health management (FHM) on individuals’ health status.

Methods
Using stratified random sampling, 618 families in Wuhan as well as cities within its surrounding provinces were recruited and surveyed online. Latent class variables were extracted from four modules: disinfection, space layout, physical exercise, and food reserves. The analysis was conducted using the poLCA package in R software (v.4.1.0). Chi-squared tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare groups as appropriate.

Results
We found an overall questionnaire reliability of 0.77 and a total omega of 0.92, indicating that the survey results were credible. The Bayesian information criterion and Akaike information criterion were used to identified four latent class variables, namely latent non-family health management (18.9%) and latent low, medium, and advanced FHM (30.93%, 29.49%, and 20.59%, respectively). Gender, household income level, body mass index, the presence of a nearby community hospital, and self-rated health status showed statistically significant differences with respect to latent FHM. Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference in emotional reactions when comparing latent advanced and low to mid-level latent FHM. Compared with latent non-family health managers, we detected statistically significant differences in individual energy levels between potential family health managers at latent low and medium levels. Additionally, we found statistically significant differences in individual energy levels between latent advanced and low level family health managers.

Conclusions
We found that multiple factors, including gender, household income, and body mass index, were correlated with latent FHM during home quarantine. We conclude that FHM can meaningfully improve individuals’ health. Thus, increasing social support for individuals can improve FHM as well as individuals’ health during home quarantine.