bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investing in independence: popular shareholding on the West African stock exchange
Authors: Mizes James Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccording to contemporary investors on the Regional Stock Exchange of West Africa (Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières de l’Afrique de l’Ouest or BRVM), President Félix Houphouët-Boigny’s post-independence plan to privatize state-owned enterprises in Côte d’Ivoire gave birth to the region’s financial market. Yet the bourse’s original promise of ‘indigenous’ control of financial investment has long gone unrealized. In response, a West African investor advocacy organization is coordinating a regional awareness programme that introduces ‘the culture of the stock exchange’ to an audience of West Africans largely unfamiliar with financial securities. Members of this shareholders’ association share a critique of elite monetary institutions and advance in their place a more popular vision of savings, investment and exchange. Drawing on ethnographic research in Abidjan and Dakar, I analyse how thesepetits porteurs(small shareholders) frame the morality and politics of their investments. Thepetits porteursoften make good money on the market, but even when they take on ‘crisis-level’ losses they nevertheless extoll the virtues of transparency, formality and control that the stock exchange is thought to provide. In contrast to similar cases elsewhere in the world, I argue that this form of popular politics on the BRVM is far more than an instrument for the accumulation strategies of financial elites: it is a new and distinct style of political engagement in whichpetits porteursare, in the name of the West African ‘people’, coupling together anti-elite and anti-colonial critiques with a set of familiar market devices. I characterize this political engagement as popular shareholding.
Understanding the development of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder in young people: a meta-review of systematic reviews
Authors: Durdurak Buse Beril , Altaweel Nada , Upthegrove Rachel , Marwaha Steven 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is ongoing debate on the nosological position of bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Identifying the unique and shared risks, developmental pathways, and symptoms in emerging BD and BPD could help the field refine aetiological hypotheses and improve the prediction of the onset of these disorders. This study aimed to: (a) systematically synthesise the available evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) concerning environmental, psychosocial, biological, and clinical factors leading to the emergence of BD and BPD; (b) identify the main differences and common features between the two disorders to characterise their complex interplay and, (c) highlight remaining evidence gaps.MethodsData sources were; PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Medline, ISI Web of Science. Overlap of included SRs/MAs was assessed using the corrected covered area process. The methodological quality of each included SR and MA was assessed using the AMSTAR.Results22 SRs and MAs involving 249 prospective studies met eligibility criteria. Results demonstrated that family history of psychopathology, affective instability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, sleep disturbances, substance abuse, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, childhood adversity and temperament were common predisposing factors across both disorders. There are also distinct factors specific to emerging BD or BPD.ConclusionsProspective studies are required to increase our understanding of the development of BD and BPD onset and their complex interplay by concurrently examining multiple measures in BD and BPD at-risk populations.
Using machine learning with intensive longitudinal data to predict depression and suicidal ideation among medical interns over time
Authors: Horwitz Adam G. , Kentopp Shane D. , Cleary Jennifer , Ross Katherine , Wu Zhenke , Sen Srijan , Czyz Ewa K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundUse of intensive longitudinal methods (e.g. ecological momentary assessment, passive sensing) and machine learning (ML) models to predict risk for depression and suicide has increased in recent years. However, these studies often vary considerably in length, ML methods used, and sources of data. The present study examined predictive accuracy for depression and suicidal ideation (SI) as a function of time, comparing different combinations of ML methods and data sources.MethodsParticipants were 2459 first-year training physicians (55.1% female; 52.5% White) who were provided with Fitbit wearable devices and assessed daily for mood. Linear [elastic net regression (ENR)] and non-linear (random forest) ML algorithms were used to predict depression and SI at the first-quarter follow-up assessment, using two sets of variables (daily mood features only, daily mood features + passive-sensing features). To assess accuracy over time, models were estimated iteratively for each of the first 92 days of internship, using data available up to that point in time.ResultsENRs using only the daily mood features generally had the best accuracy for predicting mental health outcomes, and predictive accuracy within 1 standard error of the full 92 day models was attained by weeks 7–8. Depression at 92 days could be predicted accurately (area under the curve >0.70) after only 14 days of data collection.ConclusionsSimpler ML methods may outperform more complex methods until passive-sensing features become better specified. For intensive longitudinal studies, there may be limited predictive value in collecting data for more than 2 months.
Diagnosing Frontal Dynamics From Observations Using a Variational Approach
Authors: Cutolo Eugenio , Pascual Ananda , Ruiz Simón , Shaun Johnston T. M. , Freilich Mara , Mahadevan Amala , Shcherbina Andrey , Poulain Pierre‐Marie , Ozgokmen Tamay , Centurioni Luca R. , Rudnick Daniel L. , D’Asaro Eric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntensive hydrographic and horizontal velocity measurements collected in the Alboran Sea enabled us to diagnose the three‐dimensional dynamics of a frontal system. The sampled domain was characterized by a 40 km diameter anticyclonic eddy, with an intense front on its eastern side, separating the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters. Here, we implemented a multi‐variate variational analysis (VA) to reconstruct the hydrographic fields, combining the 1‐km horizontal resolution of the Underway Conductivity‐Temperature‐Depth (CTD) system with information on the flow shape from the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler velocities. One advantage of the VA is given by the physical constraint, which preserves fine‐scale gradients better than the classical optimal interpolation (OI). A comparison between real drifter trajectories and virtual particles advected in the mapping quantified the improvements in the VA over the OI, with a 15% larger skill score. Quasi‐geostrophic (QG) and semi‐geostrophic (SG) omega equations enabled us to estimate the vertical velocity (w) which reached 40 m/day on the dense side of the front. How nutrients and other passive tracers leave the mixed‐layer and subduct is estimated with 3D advection from the VA, which agreed with biological sampling from traditional CTD casts at two eddy locations. Downwelling warm filaments are further evidence of subduction, in line with the w from SG, but not with QG. SG better accounted for the along‐isopycnal component of w in agreement with another analysis made on isopycnal coordinates. The multi‐platform approach of this work and the use of variational methods improved the characterization and understanding of (sub)‐mesoscale frontal dynamics.
Effects of Non‐Photosynthetic Vegetation on Dust Emissions
Authors: Huang Xinyue , Foroutan Hosein 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMineral dust is among the top contributors to global aerosol loads. Ability of non‐photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) to suppress dust emission has been widely acknowledged but a realistic representation of NPV has not been tested with regional‐to‐global scale models. In this study, we implemented a satellite‐based total vegetation data set, which included NPV, into a regional atmospheric chemistry model and conducted simulations for the year 2016 over the conterminous United States. To test the response of dust simulations to the NPV coverage, we conducted a control simulation incorporating only the photosynthetic vegetation (PV). Simulated dust emissions decrease by 10%–70% over most of the southwestern US from spring to autumn due to NPV. Reductions in dust concentrations are the largest in spring, which attenuate the overpredictions of fine soil concentrations, but accentuate the underpredictions in summer. Overall, the mean errors and correlations of annual simulations are slightly improved with NPV. NPV modulates dust emissions mainly by sheltering the surface and increasing the threshold velocity through drag partitioning. Moreover, we investigated the effect of vegetation height and addressed its uncertainties through a series of sensitivity tests. We observed that a 50% variation in predefined vegetation heights results in small changes in soil concentrations over majority of southwestern US, but causes up to 30% changes at local hotspots. This study highlights the significance of including NPV into the dust model and points out the importance of validation of total vegetation datasets as well as more realistic representation of vegetation heights and seasonality.
Is the Atlantic a Source for Decadal Predictability of Sea‐Level Rise in Venice?
Authors: Zanchettin D. , Rubinetti S. , Rubino A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSea‐level rise is one of the most critical consequences of global warming, with potentially vast impacts on coastal environments and societies. Sea‐level changes are spatially and temporally heterogeneous on multiannual‐to‐multidecadal timescales. Here, we demonstrate that the observed rate of winter sea‐level rise in the Italian city of Venice contains significant multidecadal fluctuations, including interdecadal periods of near‐zero trend. Previous literature established a connection between the local sea‐level trend in Venice and over the broad subpolar and eastern North Atlantic. We demonstrate that for multidecadal variations in sea‐level trend such connection holds only since the mid‐20th Century. Such multidecadal sea‐level fluctuations relate to North Atlantic sea‐surface temperature changes described by the Atlantic multidecadal variability, or AMV. The link is explained by combined effect of AMV‐linked steric variations in the North Atlantic propagating in the Mediterranean Sea, and large‐scale atmospheric circulation anomalies over the North Atlantic with a local effect on sea level in Venice. We discuss the implications of such variability for near‐term predictability of winter sea‐level changes in Venice. Combining available sea‐level projections for Venice with a scenario of imminent AMV cooling yields a slowdown in the rate of sea‐level rise in Venice, with the possibility of mean values remaining even roughly constant in the next two decades as AMV effects contrast the expected long‐term sea‐level rise. Acknowledging, understanding, and communicating this multidecadal variability in local sea‐level rise is crucial for management and protection of this world‐class historical site.
Self‐Adaptive Multi‐Objective Climate Policies Align Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies
Authors: Carlino Angelo , Tavoni Massimo , Castelletti Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntensifying climate change impacts can divert the economic resources away from emission reduction toward adaptation to reduce rising damages, jeopardizing temperature stabilization within safe levels. Indeed, the traditional static welfare‐maximizing climate policy design leads to a conflict between mitigation and adaptation, invalidating the recently established consistency of cost‐benefit analysis with the Paris Agreement's targets. Here, we show that this tension can be resolved by integrating multi‐objective optimization and feedback control in the Dynamic Integrated Climate Economy model to design self‐adaptive climate policies trading off welfare maximization with the Paris Agreement compliance. These policies allow adjusting against uncertainty as information on the socio‐climatic system accumulates, thus representing the policy‐making process more realistically. We show that, the costs being the same as in traditional methods, warming above 2°C and the probability of overshooting can be drastically reduced, emphasizing the need for integrating adaptation and mitigation strategies and the value of embracing a self‐adaptive, multi‐objective perspective.
Greenland Interannual Ice Mass Variations Detected by GRACE Time‐Variable Gravity
Authors: Li Zhen , Chao Benjamin Fong , Zhang Zizhan , Jiang Liming , Wang Hansheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo better understand the impact of climate forcing on Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), we study the GrIS mass variations on the interannual timescale as observed by the satellite mission of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). By employing the method of empirical orthogonal function) analysis, we find: (a) That the GrIS interannual mass variations are significantly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, suggesting a connection to the changes of the Icelandic Low (a permanent low‐pressure system) related to PDO; (b) An East‐West Costal Dipole related to precipitation anomaly subjects to the North Atlantic Oscillation; (c) Certain contribution of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation to GrIS mass variations in the form of temperature and runoff anomalies.
Impact of Grids and Dynamical Cores in CESM2.2 on the Surface Mass Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Herrington Adam R. , Lauritzen Peter H. , Lofverstrom Marcus , Lipscomb William H. , Gettelman Andrew , Taylor Mark A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSix different configurations, a mixture of grids and atmospheric dynamical cores available in the Community Earth System Model, version 2.2 (CESM2.2), are evaluated for their skill in representing the climate of the Arctic and the surface mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). The finite‐volume dynamical core uses structured, latitude‐longitude grids, whereas the spectral‐element dynamical core is built on unstructured meshes, permitting grid flexibility such as quasi‐uniform grid spacing globally. The 1°–2° latitude‐longitude and quasi‐uniform unstructured grids systematically overestimate both accumulation and ablation over the GrIS. Of these 1°–2° grids, the latitude‐longitude grids outperform the quasi‐uniform unstructured grids because they have more degrees of freedom to represent the GrIS. Two Arctic‐refined meshes, with 1/4° and 1/8° refinement over Greenland, were developed for the spectral‐element dynamical core and are documented here as newly supported configurations in CESM2.2. The Arctic meshes substantially improve the simulated clouds and precipitation rates in the Arctic. Over Greenland, these meshes skillfully represent accumulation and ablation processes, leading to a more realistic GrIS surface mass balance. As CESM is in the process of transitioning away from conventional latitude‐longitude grids, these new Arctic‐refined meshes improve the representation of polar processes in CESM by recovering resolution lost in the transition to quasi‐uniform grids, albeit at increased computational cost.
Refined Tectonic Evolution of the Betic‐Rif Orogen Through Integrated 3‐D Microstructural Analysis and Sm‐Nd Dating of Garnet Porphyroblasts
Authors: Aerden Domingo G. A. M. , Farrell Thomas P. , Baxter Ethan F. , Stewart Emily M. , Ruiz‐Fuentes Alejandro , Bouybaouene Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution microstructural analysis of porphyroblast inclusion trails integrated with Sm‐Nd garnet geochronology has provided new insight into the tectonic history of the Betic‐Rif orogen. Three principal age groups of porphyroblasts are demonstrated with distinctly oriented inclusion‐trails. Inclusion‐trail curvature axes or “FIA” (Foliation Inflexion/Intersection Axes) are shown to represent “fossilized” crenulation axes from which a succession of different crustal shortening directions can be deduced. The regional consistency of microstructural orientations and their geometric relationship with multiple sets of macroscopic folds reveal the composite character of the Gibraltar Arc formed by a superposition of different folding directions and associated lineations. Bulk‐garnet ages of 35–22 Ma obtained from five micaschist samples of the Alpujarride‐Sebtide complex (ASC) and of 35–13 Ma from four micaschists of the Nevado‐Filabride complex (NFC) allow to deduce NNE‐SSW directed shortening in the Late Eocene changing to NW‐SE shortening in the early Oligocene, alternating with suborthogonal NE‐SW shortening during the Miocene. These directions can be related to a major swing in the direction of relative Africa‐Iberia plate‐motion known from kinematic modeling of magnetic seafloor anomalies, and subsequent dynamic interference between plate convergence and suborthogonal “tectonic escape” of the Alboran Domain. Coupled to previously established P‐T‐t paths, the new garnet ages support a common tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the ASC and NFC as laterally equivalent orogenic domains until, in the Miocene, the second became re‐buried under the first.
Engineered magnetic plant biobots for nerve agent removal
Authors: Song Su-Jin , Mayorga-Martinez Carmen C. , Huska Dalibor , Pumera Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiohybrid micro/nanorobots that integrate biological entities with artificial nanomaterials have shown great potential in the field of biotechnology. However, commonly used physical hybridization approaches can lead to blockages and damage to biological interfaces, impeding the optimal exploitation of natural abilities. Here, we show that magnetically propelled plant biobots (MPBs), employing tomato-callus cultivation engineering in the presence of Fe3O4nanoparticles (NPs), are capable of active movement and directional guidance under a transversal rotating magnetic field. The Fe3O4NPs were transported through the cell growth media and then taken up into the plant tissue cells (PTCs), imparting the plant biobot with magnetic function. Moreover, Fe ions support the growth of callus cells, resulting in nanoparticle incorporation and enabling faster growth and structurally compact texture. The magnetic plant biobots demonstrated rapid and efficient removal of chlorpyrifos (approximately 80%), a hazardous nerve gas agent that causes severe acute toxicity, and recovery using an external magnetic field. The eco-friendly plant biobots described here demonstrate their potential in biomedical and environmental applications.
Synergistic interplay between photoisomerization and photoluminescence in a light-driven rotary molecular motor
Authors: Toyoda Ryojun , Hoang Nong V. , Moghaddam Kiana Gholamjani , Crespi Stefano , Pooler Daisy R. S. , Faraji Shirin , Pshenichnikov Maxim S. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotoactuators and photoluminescent dyes utilize light to perform mechanical motion and undergo spontaneous radiation emission, respectively. Combining these two functionalities in a single molecule would benefit the construction of advanced molecular machines. Due to the possible detrimental interaction between the two light-dependent functional parts, the design of hybrid systems featuring both functions in parallel remains highly challenging. Here, we develop a light-driven rotary molecular motor with an efficient photoluminescent dye chemically attached to the motor, not compromising its motor function. This molecular system shows efficient rotary motion and bright photoluminescence, and these functions can be addressed by a proper choice of excitation wavelengths and solvents. The moderate interaction between the two parts generates synergistic effects, which are beneficial for lower-energy excitation and chirality transfer from the motor to the photoluminescent dye. Our results provide prospects towards photoactive multifunctional systems capable of carrying out molecular rotary motion and tracking its location in a complex environment.
Cement substitution with secondary materials can reduce annual global CO2 emissions by up to 1.3 gigatons
Authors: Shah Izhar Hussain , Miller Sabbie A. , Jiang Daqian , Myers Rupert J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPopulation and development megatrends will drive growth in cement production, which is already one of the most challenging-to-mitigate sources of CO2 emissions. However, availabilities of conventional secondary cementitious materials (CMs) like fly ash are declining. Here, we present detailed generation rates of secondary CMs worldwide between 2002 and 2018, showing the potential for 3.5 Gt to be generated in 2018. Maximal substitution of Portland cement clinker with these materials could have avoided up to 1.3 Gt CO2-eq. emissions (~44% of cement production and ~2.8% of anthropogenic CO2-eq. emissions) in 2018. We also show that nearly all of the highest cement producing nations can locally generate and use secondary CMs to substitute up to 50% domestic Portland cement clinker, with many countries able to potentially substitute 100% Portland cement clinker. Our results highlight the importance of pursuing regionally optimized CM mix designs and systemic approaches to decarbonizing the global CMs cycle.
Decarbonization will lead to more equitable air quality in California
Authors: Zhu Shupeng , Mac Kinnon Michael , Carlos-Carlos Andrea , Davis Steven J. , Samuelsen Scott 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAir quality associated public health co-benefit may emerge from climate and energy policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the distribution of these co-benefits has not been carefully studied, despite the opportunity to tailor mitigation efforts so they achieve maximum benefits within socially and economically disadvantaged communities (DACs). Here, we quantify such health co-benefits from different long-term, low-carbon scenarios in California and their distribution in the context of social vulnerability. The magnitude and distribution of health benefits, including within impacted communities, is found to varies among scenarios which reduce economy wide GHG emissions by 80% in 2050 depending on the technology- and fuel-switching decisions in individual end-use sectors. The building electrification focused decarbonization strategy achieves ~15% greater total health benefits than the truck electrification focused strategy which uses renewable fuels to meet building demands. Conversely, the enhanced electrification of the truck sector is shown to benefit DACs more effectively. Such tradeoffs highlight the importance of considering environmental justice implications in the development of climate mitigation planning.