bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotion identification and mentalization in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of young adult patients with schizophrenia disorder
Authors: El Ray Lamis A. , Fathy Heba , Mattar Yomna , Badie Taher Dina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Social cognition is a multi-factorial construct defined as the ability to process social information for adaptive functioning. A large body of evidence acknowledges deficits in social cognition as important features in schizophrenia and that such impairment represent a trait deficit. The aim of this study is to assess two social cognitive functions (emotional identification and mentalization) in young non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia; and to compare their performance with that of young patients with schizophrenia as well as with young healthy controls. This a comparative, cross-sectional study including 30 young patients with age range 15–25 with schizophrenia disorder, Thirty young non-psychotic siblings of the patients and 30 young healthy subjects. The patients were subjected to PANNNS to assess severity of psychotic symptoms. Selected tests for assessment of basic cognitive abilities and social cognitive functions (using Reading Mind in the Eye Test, Emotion Identification Test and Emotional Intelligence scale) were used for the three groups.

Results
the relatives group show better performance than the patients groups and worse performance than the control group in subtests of basic cognition and social cognition functions using Reading Mind in the Eye Test and Ekman, in addition, there was negative correlation between severity of negative psychotic features and facial emotional identification as measured by Ekman.

Conclusion
Youth who are first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients show social cognitive deficits, supporting the hypothesis of the role of social cognition impairment as endophenotypic trait in schizophrenia disorder.
A case presentation of unilateral cavernous sinus inflammation due to monostotic fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Gozgec Elif , Ogul Hayri 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Craniofacial monostotic fibrous dysplasia is a rare and usually incidental bone pathology. CT comes to the fore in the diagnosis of monostotic fibrous dysplasia and MRI is used to show its relationship to the neighboring structures. Cavernous sinus inflammation may occur due to infectious and inflammatory causes. Inflammation of unknown cause is called Tolosa–Hunt syndrome.

Case presentation
In this case report, we presented cavernous sinus inflammation accompanying fibrous dysplasia in a 35-year-old female patient, which was seen for the first time in the literature.

Conclusions
The contrast-enhanced MR images are very important for the diagnosis and follow-up of the patient, in the rare presence of association we have shown in this case.
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) masquerading as CNS demyelination
Authors: Rackimuthu Sudhan , Ahmed Safwan , Ishwara Pawan Raj Pulu , Richie Anto J. , Colaco K. Vimala Christina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
CADASIL is the most common single-gene disorder causing ischemic stroke. CADASIL has been linked to mutations in NOTCH3 gene, due to heterozygous missense mutations. The disease is of insidious onset, presenting with initial clinical features in third and fourth decade of life. However, it is now being increasingly acknowledged that individual clinical presentation, age, time of onset as well as disease severity are quite varied among patients with CADASIL most likely leading to under- or mis-diagnosis. The authors thereby report a genetically confirmed case of CADASIL with atypical clinical course and findings.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old woman presented with complaints of episodic headache, relapsing–remitting neurological illness, progressive cognitive impairment, and acute-onset loss of speech and ambulation. She was earlier being treated as a case of CNS demyelination for 10 years. On examination, vital parameters were within normal limits. Neurological examination revealed that the patient was drowsy, not verbalizing, not obeying commands, with movement of all four limbs on painful stimuli, hypertonia of all limbs, grade 3 + deep tendon reflexes, bilateral striatal toe and extensor plantar response. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed involvement of anterior temporal lobe and external capsule along with multiple acute infarcts. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was found to be normal. Exome sequencing revealed heterozygous missense mutation in exon 2 of NOTCH3 gene. A definite diagnosis of CADASIL was made and patient was started on fluoxetine and aspirin, following which there was significant improvement over 4–6 weeks. Patient is able to carry out daily activities independently although continues to have mild persistent cognitive impairment with excessive talking and over familiarity.

Conclusions
As CADASIL has a relapsing and partially remitting course with frequently observed varied clinical presentation, patients may receive treatment for demyelination which may not be necessary. Hence, detailed family history along with knowledge of characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings seen in CADASIL can help discern the diagnosis.
Potential role of chitosan, PLGA and iron oxide nanoparticles in Parkinson’s disease therapy
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Hafez , Mohammad Salwa Agha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating disease that alters an individual's functionality. Parkinsonism is a complex symptom consisting of numerous motor and non-motor features, and although several disorders are responsible, PD remains the most important. Several theories have been proposed for the characteristic pathological changes, the most important of which is the loss of dopaminergic neurons associated with a reduced ability to perform voluntary movements. Many drugs have been developed over the years to treat the condition and prevent its progression, but drug delivery is still a challenge due to the blood–brain barrier, which prevents the passage of drugs into the central nervous system. However, with the advances in nanotechnology in the medical field, there is growing hope of overcoming this challenge.

Summary
Our review highlights the potential role of three commonly studied nanoparticles in laboratory-induced animal models of PD: chitosan, PLGA, and iron oxide nanoparticles as potential PD therapy in humans.
Effect of Letrozole on hippocampal Let-7 microRNAs and their correlation with working memory and phosphorylated Tau protein in an Alzheimer's disease-like rat model
Authors: Moustafa Nada Alaa , El-Sayed Mohammed Abdelhamed , Abdallah Somia Hassan , Hazem Noha Mohamed , Aidaros Magdy Abdelhamed , Abdelmoety Doaa Attia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but, they were not investigated in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD. Letrozole increases the expression of Let-7 in cell lines, with conflicting evidence regarding its effects on memory. This study examined Let-7 miRNAs in STZ-induced AD, their correlation with memory and hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) and the effects of Letrozole on them.

Methods
Seven groups of adult Sprague Dawley rats were used: Negative control, Letrozole, Letrozole Vehicle, STZ (with AD induced by intracerebroventricular injection of STZ in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF)), CSF Control, STZ + Letrozole (STZ-L), and CSF + Letrozole Vehicle. Alternation percentage in T-maze was used as a measure of working memory. Let-7a, b and e and p-Tau levels in the hippocampus were estimated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.

Results
Significant decreases in alternation percentage and increase in p-Tau concentration were found in the STZ, Letrozole and STZ-L groups. Expression levels of all studied microRNAs were significantly elevated in the Letrozole and the STZ-L groups, with no difference between the two, suggesting that this elevation might be linked to Letrozole administration. Negative correlations were found between alternation percentage and the levels of all studied microRNAs, while positive ones were found between p-Tau concentration and the levels of studied microRNAs.

Conclusions
This study shows changes in the expression of Let-7a, b and e miRNAs in association with Letrozole administration, and correlations between the expression of the studied Let-7 miRNAs and both the status of working memory and the hippocampal p-Tau levels. These findings might support the theory suggesting that Letrozole aggravates pre-existing lesions. They also add to the possibility of Let-7’s neurotoxicity.
Anesthetic management of a patient with chorea hyperglycemia basal ganglia syndrome planned for above knee amputation
Authors: Arikrishnan Thirumurugan , Chakravarthy Deepak , Kuberan Aswini , Srinivasan Suganya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Chorea hyperglycemia basal ganglia syndrome is a rare disorder causing involuntary movements in both upper and lower limbs. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia causes neurotransmitter derangements in basal ganglia resulting in involuntary movements. These cases pose different challenges to anaesthesiologist in both general and regional anaesthesia.

Case presentation
Here, we discuss a case of chorea hyperglycemia basal ganglia syndrome with lower limb gangrene posted for knee amputation done under spinal anaesthesia. Our patient had recurrent choreiform movements due to non-compliance to diabetic medications. Strict glycemic control always aids in reduction of choreiform movements along with improved wound healing.

Conclusions
Tight glycemic control and good anesthetic plan in perioperative period can reduce morbidity in patients affected with chorea hyperglycemia basal ganglia syndrome.
Grounding implementation science in health equity for cancer prevention and control
Authors: Adsul Prajakta , Chambers David , Brandt Heather M. , Fernandez Maria E. , Ramanadhan Shoba , Torres Essie , Leeman Jennifer , Baquero Barbara , Fleischer Linda , Escoffery Cam , Emmons Karen , Soler Montserrat , Oh April , Korn Ariella R. , Wheeler Stephanie , Shelton Rachel C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The past decade of research has seen theoretical and methodological advances in both implementation science and health equity research, opening a window of opportunity for facilitating and accelerating cross-disciplinary exchanges across these fields that have largely operated in siloes. In 2019 and 2020, the National Cancer Institute’s Consortium for Cancer Implementation Science convened an action group focused on ‘health equity and context’ to identify opportunities to advance implementation science. In this paper, we present a narrative review and synthesis of the relevant literature at the intersection of health equity and implementation science, highlight identified opportunities (i.e., public goods) by the action group for advancing implementation science in cancer prevention and control, and integrate the two by providing key recommendations for future directions.

Discussion
In the review and synthesis of the literature, we highlight recent advances in implementation science, relevant to promoting health equity (e.g., theories/models/frameworks, adaptations, implementation strategies, study designs, implementation determinants, and outcomes). We acknowledge the contributions from the broader field of health equity research and discuss opportunities for integration and synergy with implementation science, which include (1) articulating an explicit focus on health equity for conducting and reviewing implementation science; (2) promoting an explicit focus on health equity in the theories, models, and frameworks guiding implementation science; and (3) identifying methods for understanding and documenting influences on the context of implementation that incorporate a focus on equity.

Summary
To advance the science of implementation with a focus on health equity, we reflect on the essential groundwork needed to promote bi-directional learning between the fields of implementation science and health equity research and recommend (1) building capacity among researchers and research institutions for health equity-focused and community-engaged implementation science; (2) incorporating health equity considerations across all key implementation focus areas (e.g., adaptations, implementation strategies, study design, determinants, and outcomes); and (3) continuing a focus on transdisciplinary opportunities in health equity research and implementation science. We believe that these recommendations can help advance implementation science by incorporating an explicit focus on health equity in the context of cancer prevention and control and beyond.
Changes in the identification and management of mental health and domestic abuse among pregnant women during the COVID-19 lockdown: regression discontinuity study
Authors: Hildersley Rosanna , Easter Abigail , Bakolis Ioannis , Carson Lauren , Howard Louise M. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) and mental illness during pregnancy have long-lasting and potentially serious consequences, which may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims
To investigate how the UK COVID-19 lockdown policy influenced the identification of DVA and depressive symptoms during pregnancy in health services in South-East London in Spring 2020, using eLIXIR (Early-Life Data Cross-Linkage in Research) maternity and mental routine healthcare data.

Method
We used a regression discontinuity approach, with a quasi-experimental study design, to analyse the effect of the transition into and out of the COVID-19 lockdown on the rates of positive depression screens, DVA recorded in maternity and secondary mental health services, and contact with secondary mental health services during pregnancy.

Results
We analysed 26 447 pregnancies from 1 October 2018 to 29 August 2020. The rate of DVA recorded in maternity services was low throughout the period (<0.5%). Within secondary mental health services, rates of DVA dropped by 78% (adjusted odds ratio 0.219, P = 0.012) during lockdown, remaining low after lockdown. The rate of women screening positive for depression increased by 40% (adjusted odds ratio 1.40, P = 0.023), but returned to baseline after lockdown lifted.

Conclusions
Rates of DVA identification in secondary mental health services dropped during and after lockdown, whereas overall rates of DVA identified in maternity services were concerningly low. Healthcare services must adopt guidance to facilitate safe enquiry, particularly in remote consultations. Further research is vital to address the longer-term impact on women's mental health caused by the increase in depression during the lockdown.
Ockham’s Razor for a Retinal Lesion and Acromegaly and Breaking the Vicious Circle
Authors: Rak-Makowska Beata , Khoo Bernard , Sen Gupta Piya , Plowman P Nicholas , Grossman Ashley B , Korbonits Márta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Acromegaly due to ectopic secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is rare. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the primary tumor, cytostatic therapy, “cold” or radioactive somatostatin analogue treatment, and medical therapy for acromegaly, if needed. A 53 year-old female had an ocular lesion noted on a routine optician visit, originally considered to be an ocular melanoma. She had a bronchial carcinoid successfully removed 22 years previously. She had acromegalic features with an enlarged pituitary gland on magnetic resonance imaging and, additionally, metastatic lesions in her bones, liver, and thyroid gland. Elevated GHRH levels (&gt;250× upper limit of normal) suggested a metastatic lung neuroendocrine tumor secreting GHRH. Cold and radioactive somatostatin analogue therapy reduced both GHRH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, but normalization of the biochemical markers of acromegaly was only achieved after pegvisomant was introduced. Complete control of IGF-1 was achieved, and this may have hindered the growth of the metastatic lesions as well, as the patient remains well 13 years after the diagnosis of metastatic disease and 35 years after the original lung operation. A gradual rise in prolactin levels over last 4 years was noted, which is likely due to the prolonged effect of GHRH on prolactin-secreting cells. The diagnosis of this case applied the law of parsimony from the Ockham’s razor principle. We consider that breaking the vicious circle of IGF-1 feeding the metastatic tumor was key for the long-term outcome of this case.
Addictive Platforms
Authors: Ichihashi Shota , Kim Byung-Cheol 
Published: June 2022

We study competition for consumer attention in which platforms can sacrifice service quality for attention. A platform can choose the “addictiveness” of its service. A more addictive platform yields consumers a lower utility of participation but a higher marginal utility of allocating attention. We provide conditions under which increased competition can harm consumers by encouraging platforms to offer low-quality services. In particular, if attention is scarce, increased competition reduces the quality of services because business-stealing incentives induce platforms to increase addictiveness. Restricting consumers’ platform usage may decrease addictiveness and improve consumer welfare. A platform’s ability to charge for its service can also decrease addictiveness. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Imaging simulation of the AMCW ToF camera based on path tracking
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Wang Hongyuan , Wang Zebin , Liu Xiang , Ning Qianhao 
Published: June 2022

The time-of-flight (ToF) camera suffers from many error factors, such as multiple reflection or multipath interference and electronic and optical shot noise, making it difficult to simulate its imaging process. Aiming to test the ToF camera algorithm, it is important to obtain a depth image affected by these error factors. In order to model the light propagation behavior and the sensor effect in the imaging process of the ToF camera, an amplitude modulated continuous-wave (AMCW) ToF camera imaging simulation method based on path tracking is presented by deducing the path tracking algorithm model in the AMCW ToF camera theoretically and by realizing the physically based simulation by introducing the infrared bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data of the actual materials. According to the constructed error evaluation indexes, the correctness of the imaging simulation method is verified based on the ground experiment. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) are 10.32 mm and 15.12 mm, respectively, which are less than the error results of the other two comparative simulation methods. The results show that the proposed method is reasonable and can provide reliable data support for AMCW ToF hardware development and algorithm testing.
Spectral splicing for an OFDR sensing system using a DBR laser
Authors: Xue Yuanze , Wang Xuefeng , Tang Caijie , Gao Hongchun , Zhao Chen 
Published: June 2022

A spectral splicing method is proposed for an optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) sensing system using a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. An external cavity tunable laser (ECTL) is used in a conventional OFDR sensing system. There are no reports to our knowledge about using a DBR laser as the light source for an OFDR sensing system. A DBR laser has the advantages of small size, no mechanical scanning, easy integration, and low cost. However, due to the mode hopping, the wavelength can only be continuously tuned in the range of about 1 nm. The spectral splicing method was used to splice 39 partially overlapping Rayleigh scattering signals into a continuous signal with wavelength of 35.174 nm. Distributed optical fiber strain sensing with 5 mm spatial resolution is realized. The strain range is

±
2500

µ
ε

, and the maximum error of the measured strain is 9.91 µ

ε

.
Addressing delayed case reporting in infectious disease forecast modeling
Authors: Beesley Lauren J. , Osthus Dave , Del Valle Sara Y. 
Published: June 2022

Infectious disease forecasting is of great interest to the public health community and policymakers, since forecasts can provide insight into disease dynamics in the near future and inform interventions. Due to delays in case reporting, however, forecasting models may often underestimate the current and future disease burden.
In this paper, we propose a general framework for addressing reporting delay in disease forecasting efforts with the goal of improving forecasts. We propose strategies for leveraging either historical data on case reporting or external internet-based data to estimate the amount of reporting error. We then describe several approaches for adapting general forecasting pipelines to account for under- or over-reporting of cases. We apply these methods to address reporting delay in data on dengue fever cases in Puerto Rico from 1990 to 2009 and to reports of influenza-like illness (ILI) in the United States between 2010 and 2019. Through a simulation study, we compare method performance and evaluate robustness to assumption violations. Our results show that forecasting accuracy and prediction coverage almost always increase when correction methods are implemented to address reporting delay. Some of these methods required knowledge about the reporting error or high quality external data, which may not always be available. Provided alternatives include excluding recently-reported data and performing sensitivity analysis. This work provides intuition and guidance for handling delay in disease case reporting and may serve as a useful resource to inform practical infectious disease forecasting efforts.