bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT OF TELOGEN
Authors: Audia Arsiazi Baiq Ananda 
Published: April 2022

Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the most common causes of diffuse nonscarring hair loss. A number of factors have been implicated in the causation of TE, however, clear evidence in their support is lacking. The role of stress as a causative factor as well as the result of hair loss needs to be adequately understood. Telogen effluvium can occur in people of any age, gender, and racial background. Telogen effluvium can occur in both men and women, although women have a greater tendency to experience this condition due to postpartum hormonal changes and also women experience hair loss more often than men. In children, TE was reported to be responsible for only a minority of cases with hair loss (2.7%). The symptom of acute and chronic TE is increased hair loss. Usually, the hair will fall out at an increasing rate. The remaining hair will feel less dense. Acute telogen effluvium can heal itself by eliminating the triggering factor which is done by providing education to the patient while treatment for chronic TE can be done by giving Minoxidil.

Keywords: Telogen effluvium acute and chronic; hair loss; minoxidil.
Measurements of Patellofemoral Morphology Characteristics in Indonesian Population: an MRI Based Study
Authors: Pontoh Ludwig Andre , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Kamal Achmad Fauzi , Widodo Wahyu , Rhatomy Sholahuddin , Fiolin Jessica 
Published: April 2022

Patellar malalignment is the imbalance relationship between patella and trochlea, in which clinical findings most of the time are obscured; hence diagnosis is often challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive tool to detect subtle patellar malalignment features, so diagnosis can be made early. However, there has been no clear consensus on the normal value of patella morphology until today. This study aims to determine patellofemoral morphology values in Indonesian using MRI. This was a retrospective study of 202 patients aged 18-40 years old with knee problems without patellar instability. Patellar morphology parameters including Insal Savati ratio (IS ratio), patellar tilt angle (PTA), sulcus angle (SA) and tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG) were evaluated and recorded for statistical analysis. There was no significant correlation between anthropometric values and patellar morphology values. There were significantly higher PTA, SA and TT-TG values in females compared to males. The mean value of the IS ratio in the Asian population using MRI was 0.99 ± 0.14, PTA was 9.09 ± 6.88, SA was 139.20 ± 6.38, and TT-TG distance was 8.00 ± 5.25. Further studies with larger samples and multi-center results are required.
Development of a clinical learning model to enhance patient safety awareness competency among Thai nursing students
Authors: Bandansin Jutarat , Jamjuree Danulada , Boonprakob Manat , Chaleoykitti Saisamorn 
Published: April 2022

Background: Enhancing patient safety awareness competency in nursing students is a necessity as they will be the next generation of professional nurses to take care of patients. One of the strategies is to create an innovative learning model using questioning as part of the metacognitive thinking concept.
Objective: This study aimed to develop a clinical learning model to enhance patient safety awareness competency among Thai nursing students and determine its effectiveness.
Methods: The study used a research and development design with two phases: (1) the development of a clinical learning model to enhance patient safety awareness competency among nursing students, and (2) the evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed clinical learning model. The evaluation was done quantitatively and qualitatively. In the quantitative strand, a quasi-experimental method using repeated measures design was used in 24 students. While in the qualitative strand, a qualitative descriptive design was employed in 24 students and three teachers.
Results: In the first phase, the DUIR clinical learning model was developed, consisting of four processes: 1) Doubt (D), 2) Understanding (U), 3) Insight (I), and 4) Reflected value (R). The patient safety awareness competency included two components: managing patient safety and solving problems related to unsafe patient care. In the second phase, the model was evaluated by the students and the teachers. It revealed that nursing students’ patient safety awareness competency was very high, and the competency was statistically different before and after the learning model.
Conclusion: The developed DUIR learning model using a questioning strategy is considered effective to encourage students to reflect critically on their own clinical experiences in order to achieve quality and safe care outcomes, thereby enhancing patient safety awareness for nursing students in a sustainable way. This model serves as an input for Thai nursing education and beyond.
Polyaniline on Stainless Steel Fiber Felt as Anodes for Bioelectrodegradation of Acid Blue 29 in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Khan Mohammad Danish , Tabraiz Shamas , Thimmappa Ravikumar , Li Da , Anwer Abdul Hakeem , Scott Keith , Khan Mohammad Zain , Yu Eileen Hao 
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the advantages of using low-cost polyaniline-fabricated stainless steel fiber felt anode-based microbial fuel cells (PANI-SSFF-MFCs) for azo dye acid blue 29 (AB29) containing wastewater treatment integrated with an aerobic bioreactor. The findings of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization studies showed that the PANI–SSFF anode considerably decreased the MFC internal resistance. The highest power density of 103 ± 3.6 mW m−2was achieved by PANI-SSFF-MFCs with a decolorization efficiency of 93 ± 3.1% and a start-up time of 13 days. The final chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies for integrated PANI–SSFF–MFC–bioreactor and SSFF–MFC–bioreactor set-ups were 92.5 ± 2% and 80 ± 2%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a substantial microbial community change was observed in MFCs. The majority of sequences were from theProteobacteriaphylum, accounting for 72% and 55% in PANI–SSFF–anodic biofilm and suspension, respectively, and 58 and 45% in SSFF–anodic biofilm and suspension, respectively. The relative abundance of the seven most abundant genera (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter,Stenotrophomonas, Geothrix,Dysgonomonas, Shinella, andRhizobiales) was higher in PANI–SSFF–MFCs (46.1% in biofilm and 55.4% in suspension) as compared to SSFF–MFC (43% in biofilm and 40.8% in suspension) which predominantly contributed to the decolorization of AB29 and/or electron transfer. We demonstrate in this work that microbial consortia acclimated to the MFC environment and PANI-fabricated anodes are capable of high decolorization rates with enhanced electricity production. A combined single-chamber MFC (SMFC)-aerobic bioreactor operation was also performed in this study for the efficient biodegradation of AB29.
Geodynamic Characteristics in the Southwest Margin of South China Sea
Authors: Yao Yongjian , Zhang Jian , Dong Miao , Zhu Rongwei , Xu Zhiying , Yang Xiaodong , Liu Hailing 
Published: April 2022

The strike-slip fault system in the southwestern margin of South China Sea (SCS) lies on the transition zone between the continental shelf and slope of SCS, which is an important ocean–continent boundary. By using submarine heat flow data, a seismic shear wave tomography model, and gravity potential field data, this paper investigates the distribution of submarine heat flow in the southwestern margin of SCS, the thermal–rheological structure of the crust and mantle, the temperature–viscosity characteristics of the upper mantle Vs low-velocity layer, the tangential stress field of the rheological boundary layer at the lithosphere base, and the convective velocity structure of the mantle asthenosphere. Our new results show that the deep geothermal activity in the southwestern margin of SCS is intense, and the high heat flow area of the mantle with Qm/Qs &gt;70% is distributed along an NNE-trending strip. Moreover, both the east and west sides of the strike–slip fault zone correspond to two low-value areas with a viscosity coefficient of 1021–1022 Pa⋅s at Moho depth, and beneath the Nansha Block are strong and cold blocks with a viscosity coefficient of 1024–1025 Pa⋅s. The northward and eastward shear stress components τN and τE of the rheological boundary layer at the base of the lithosphere mantle decrease with depth. At 65-km depth, both τN and τE are greater than 5.5 × 108 N/m2. At 100-km depth, both τN and τE are less than 1 × 108 N/m2. The calculation results based on the seismic shear wave model of the upper mantle and the gravimetric geoid model indicate that the depth of 120–250 km is the low-velocity layer, and the average temperature of the mantle at 180-km depth can be up to 1,300°C. Moreover, the average effective viscosity coefficient is close to 1018 Pa⋅s, which satisfies the temperature and viscosity conditions for partial melting or convective migration of mantle material. The mantle convection calculation results show that the average flow rate is 8.5 cm/a at 200-km depth and 2.2 cm/a at 400-km depth.
Genome-Wide Estimates of Runs of Homozygosity, Heterozygosity, and Genetic Load in Two Chinese Indigenous Goat Breeds
Authors: Li Guixin , Tang Jianhong , Huang Jinyan , Jiang Yongchuang , Fan Yin , Wang Xiaopeng , Ren Jun 
Published: April 2022

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity (ROHet) are windows into population demographic history and adaptive evolution. Numerous studies have shown that deleterious mutations are enriched in the ROH of humans, pigs, cattle, and chickens. However, the relationship of deleterious variants to ROH and the pattern of ROHet in goats have been largely understudied. Here, 240 Guangfeng and Ganxi goats from Jiangxi Province, China, were genotyped using the Illumina GoatSNP50 BeadChip and genome-wide ROH, ROHet, and genetic load analyses were performed in the context of 32 global goat breeds. The classes with the highest percentage of ROH and ROHet were 0.5–2 Mb and 0.5–1 Mb, respectively. The results of inbreeding coefficients (based on SNP and ROH) and ROHet measurements showed that Guangfeng goats had higher genetic variability than most Chinese goats, while Ganxi goats had a high degree of inbreeding, even exceeding that of commercial goat breeds. Next, the predicted damaging homozygotes were more enriched in long ROHs, especially in Guangfeng goats. Therefore, we suggest that information on damaging alleles should also be incorporated into the design of breeding and conservation programs. A list of genes related to fecundity, growth, and environmental adaptation were identified in the ROH hotspots of two Jiangxi goats. A sense-related ROH hotspot (chromosome 12: 50.55–50.81 Mb) was shared across global goat breeds and may have undergone selection prior to goat domestication. Furthermore, an identical ROHet hotspot (chromosome 1: 132.21–132.54 Mb) containing two genes associated with embryonic development (STAG1 and PCCB) was detected in domestic goat breeds worldwide. Tajima’s D and BetaScan2 statistics indicated that this region may be caused by long-term balancing selection. These findings not only provide guidance for the design of conservation strategies for Jiangxi goat breeds but also enrich our understanding of the adaptive evolution of goats.
Novel Prognostic Signature for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Bioinformatics Analysis of Combined CNV-Driven and Ferroptosis-Related Genes
Authors: Han Chunjiao , Zheng Jiafeng , Li Fangfang , Guo Wei , Cai Chunquan 
Published: April 2022

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which has a difficult prognosis, is the most common hematologic malignancy. The role of copy number variations (CNVs) and ferroptosis in the tumor process is becoming increasingly prominent. We aimed to identify specific CNV-driven ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and establish a prognostic model for AML.Methods: The combined analysis of CNV differential data and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was performed to identify key CNV-driven FRGs for AML. A risk model was constructed based on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was used to validate the model. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to clarify the functional roles of DEGs and CNV-driven FRGs.Results: We identified a total of 6828 AML-related DEGs, which were shown to be significantly associated with cell cycle and immune response processes. After a comprehensive analysis of CNVs and corresponding DEGs and FRGs, six CNV-driven FRGs were identified, and functional enrichment analysis indicated that they were involved in oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammatory response processes. Finally, we screened 2 CNV-driven FRGs (DNAJB6 and HSPB1) to develop a prognostic risk model. The overall survival (OS) of patients in the high-risk group was significantly shorter in both the TCGA and GEO (all p &lt; 0.05) datasets compared to the low-risk group.Conclusion: A novel signature based on CNV-driven FRGs was established to predict the survival of AML patients and displayed good performance. Our results may provide potential targets and new research ideas for the treatment and early detection of AML.
Identification of Hub Genes Associated With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Meng Qingnan , Li Xiaoying , Xiong Xuelian 
Published: April 2022

Background and aims: As a major cause of liver disease worldwide, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Due to the high prevalence and poor prognosis of NASH, it is critical to understand its mechanisms. However, the etiology and mechanisms remain largely unknown. In addition, the gold standard for the diagnosis of NASH is liver biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop noninvasive tests for NASH diagnosis. The goal of the study is to discover key genes involved in NASH development and investigate their value as noninvasive biomarkers.Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to obtain two datasets encompassing NASH patients and healthy controls. We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis in order to investigate the association between gene sets and clinical features, as well as to discover co-expression modules. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created to extract hub genes. The results were validated using another publicly available dataset and mice treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).Results: A total of 24 differentially co-expressed genes were selected by WGCNA and differential expression analysis. KEGG analysis indicated most of them were enriched in the focal adhesion pathway. GO analysis showed these genes were mainly enriched in circadian rhythm, aging, angiogenesis and response to drug (biological process), endoplasmic reticulum lumen (cellular component), and protein binding (molecular function). As a result, eight genes (JUN, SERPINE1, GINS2, TYMS, HMMR, IGFBP2, BIRC3, TNFRSF12A) were identified as hub genes. Finally, three genes were found significantly changed in both the validation dataset and the mouse model.Conclusion: Our research discovered genes that have the potential to mediate the process of NASH and might be useful diagnostic biomarkers for the disorder.
Clinical Prediction of Heart Failure in Hemodialysis Patients: Based on the Extreme Gradient Boosting Method
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Miao Xisha , Xiao Gang , Huang Chun , Sun Junwei , Wang Ying , Li Panlong , You Xu 
Published: April 2022

Background: Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, it is still a challenge for the prediction of HF in HD patients. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate a prediction model to predict HF events in HD patients.Methods: A total of 355 maintenance HD patients from two hospitals were included in this retrospective study. A total of 21 variables, including traditional demographic characteristics, medical history, and blood biochemical indicators, were used. Two classification models were established based on the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm and traditional linear logistic regression. The performance of the two models was evaluated based on calibration curves and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). Feature importance and SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) were used to recognize risk factors from the variables. The Kaplan–Meier curve of each risk factor was constructed and compared with the log-rank test.Results: Compared with the traditional linear logistic regression, the XGBoost model had better performance in accuracy (78.5 vs. 74.8%), sensitivity (79.6 vs. 75.6%), specificity (78.1 vs. 74.4%), and AUC (0.814 vs. 0.722). The feature importance and SHAP value of XGBoost indicated that age, hypertension, platelet count (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell count (WBC) were risk factors of HF. These results were further confirmed by Kaplan–Meier curves.Conclusions: The HF prediction model based on XGBoost had a satisfactory performance in predicting HF events, which could prove to be a useful tool for the early prediction of HF in HD.
Safety and Efficacy of Nemolizumab for Atopic Dermatitis With Pruritus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liang Junqin , Hu Fengxia , Dan Maoli , Sang Yingbing , Abulikemu Kailibinuer , Wang Qian , Hong Yongzhen , Kang Xiaojing 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundNemolizumab is deemed as a promising drug for atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with pruritus.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nemolizumab in treating patients with AD and the association between the dosage or regimen of nemolizumab with the improvement in clinical indices.Methods and MaterialsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from inception to August 2021.ResultsA total of 14 cohorts of participants from six randomized controlled studies were included in the meta-analysis. Nemolizumab significantly reduced the pruritus VAS (WMD = −18.86, 95% CI: −27.57 to −10.15, p &lt; 0.001; I2 = 56.2%, pheterogeneity = 0.005) and EASI (WMD = −11.76, 95% CI: −20.55 to −2.96, p = 0.009; I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.978) scores compared with placebo. No significant difference was observed in the occurrence of any AEs (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.13, p = 0.593; I2 = 0%, pheterogeneity = 0.980) between the two groups. The univariate meta-regression showed that both the dosage and study duration had no association with the change of pruritus VAS score.ConclusionNemolizumab presented a promising effect based on the difference in the average change in pruritus VAS and EASI scores compared with placebo. The results indicated its efficacy in relieving pruritus and the severity of AD and improving patients’ quality of life.
Dissecting Intra-Tumoral Changes Following Immune Checkpoint Blockades in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma via Single-Cell Analysis
Authors: Sun Bao-Ye , Zhou Cheng , Guan Ruo-Yu , Liu Gao , Yang Zhang-Fu , Wang Zhu-Tao , Gan Wei , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Yi Yong , Qiu Shuang-Jian 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo dissect the tumor ecosystem following immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at a single-cell level.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of 10 ICC patients for the ICB clinical trial were extracted from GSE125449 and systematically reanalyzed. Bulk RNA-seq data of 255 ICC patients were analyzed. Infiltration levels of SPP1+CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were examined by dual immunofluorescence (IF) staining in 264 resected ICC samples. The correlation between SPP1+ TAMs and clinicopathological features as well as their prognostic significance was evaluated.ResultsAmong the 10 patients, five received biopsy at baseline, and others were biopsied at different timings following ICBs. Single-cell transcriptomes for 5,931 cells were obtained. A tighter cellular communication network was observed in ICB-treated ICC. We found a newly emerging VEGF signaling mediated by PGF-VEGFR1 between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and endothelial cells in ICC following ICBs. SPP1 expression was dramatically upregulated, and SPP1+ TAM gene signatures were enriched in TAMs receiving ICB therapy. We also identified SPP1+ TAMs as an independent adverse prognostic indicator for survival in ICC.ConclusionOur analyses provide an overview of the altered tumor ecosystem in ICC treated with ICBs and highlight the potential role of targeting CAFs and SPP1+TAMs in developing a more rational checkpoint blockade-based therapy for ICC.
Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients With Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Kidney Based on mTORC1 Signaling Pathway-Related Genes
Authors: Zhanghuang Chenghao , Yao Zhigang , Tang Haoyu , Zhang Kun , Wu Chengchuang , Li Li , Xie Yucheng , Yang Zhen , Yan Bing 
Published: April 2022

Background: Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) is an infrequent malignant tumor in childhood, accounting for approximately 2% of all childhood kidney tumors. Although the development of current treatments, the overall survival (OS) rate of MRTK patients is only 25%. The aim of this research was to explore the prognostic value of genes associated with the mTORC1 signaling pathway in MRTK.Methods: The transcriptome data of MRTK samples were downloaded from the TARGET database. The 200 genes of HALLMARK_MTORC1_SIGNALING were downloaded from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). Furthermore, we applied gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to screen differentially expressed gene sets between the MRTK and normal samples. The 200 genes were combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from differentially expressed gene sets. Then, a gene signature of mTORC1 pathway-related genes (mTRGs) was constructed in MRTK. The molecular mechanism of prognostic factors in MRTK was further analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The target drugs based on these prognostic factors were explored from The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Moreover, six paired fresh tumor tissues and paraneoplastic tissues from children with MRTK were collected to validate the expressions of P4HA1, MLLT11, AURKA, and GOT1 in clinical samples via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot.Results: A four-gene signature (P4HA1, MLLT11, AURKA, and GOT1) related to the mTORC1 pathway was developed in MRTK, which divided the MRTK patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The patients with high-risk scores were strongly associated with reduced OS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated a good prediction performance of the four biomarker signatures. GSEA revealed that the mTOR signaling pathway was significantly enriched. The risk score was demonstrated to be an independent predictor for MRTK outcome. According to the correlation of tumor stem cell index and prognostic factors, the target drugs were obtained for the treatment of MRTK patients. Furthermore, the expressions of RT-qPCR and Western blot were consistent with RNA-sequencing data such that their expressions were significantly elevated in tumor tissues.Conclusion: A total of four genes (P4HA1, MLLT11, AURKA, and GOT1) were screened as prognostic markers, further providing a new understanding for the treatment of patients with MRTK.