bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microanatomy of the cerebellum in Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus), a transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Nowrozi Masoumeh , Goodarzi Nader 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe present study was aimed to investigate the cerebellum histology in the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus), using immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The brain of 4 adult Persian squirrels (2 males and 2 females) were used. For general histology, crystal violet and Luxol fast blue stains were applied. For immunohistochemical examination, myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG), neurofilament 200 (NF200), Calbindin D 28 K, and glial fibrillary associated protein (GFAP) were investigated. The cerebellar cortex was composed of three traditional cellular layers, including molecular, granular and Purkinje cell (Pc) layers. Numerous Nissl bodies detected in the cytoplasm of Pc, which given a purple or blue appearance to the cytoplasm. At the level of TEM, Purkinje cells were identified by their large euchromatin nucleus with an indented plasma membrane. The cytoplasm was high electron dense containing well‐developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (Er), smooth Er, Golgi apparatus in perinuclear region, numerous mitochondria in oval and spherical shapes, free ribosomes, and lysosomes were dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. The expression rate of calbindin D 28 K, MAG, GFAP, and NF200 was determined 49%, 24%, 71%, and 43% respectively. The cerebellum of the Persian squirrel has a common structure similar to those reported in other mammals. However, at the level of TEM, some unique structural features were observed. These results might be taken as a set of basic information for more detailed future studies investigating histophysiology of the cerebellum and its pathological changes in the Persian squirrel as well as for comparative purposes in rodent species.
Practice resource‐focused revision: Standardized pedigree nomenclature update centered on sex and gender inclusivity: A practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Bennett Robin L. , French Kathryn Steinhaus , Resta Robert G. , Austin Jehannine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis focused revision builds on the expert opinions from the original publications of ‘Recommendations for human standardized pedigree nomenclature’ published in 1995 and updated in 2008. Our review of medical publications since 2008 did not identify any fundamental systematic alternative pedigree nomenclature. These findings attest to the relevance of most of the nomenclature with the critical exception of the nomenclature used to denote sex assigned at birth and gender. While we are not recommending the creation of any new pedigree symbols, a major focus of this publication is clarification of the use of symbols and language in the description of the distinction between sex and gender, with a view to ensuring safe and inclusive practice for people who are gender‐diverse or transgender. In addition, we recommend modifications to the way that carrier status is depicted. Our goal is to respect individual differences and identities while maintaining biologically, clinically, and genetically meaningful information.
Event centrality and posttraumatic stress symptoms after traumatic injury: A longitudinal investigation
Authors: Stevens Sarah K. , Timmer‐Murillo Sydney C. , Tomas Carissa W. , Boals Adriel , Larson Christine L. , deRoon‐Cassini Terri , Larsen Sadie E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) can occur following a traumatic injury, which may include an increase in negative cognitions. One cognitive construct shown to be associated with the development of PTSS is event centrality, or the degree to which an individual views a traumatic experience as central to their life story. Although cross‐sectional work has demonstrated a robust connection between event centrality and PTSS, the directionality of this association remains unclear. Most previous work has investigated centrality as a predictor of PTSS, although one recent study suggests that PTSS may, in fact, predict event centrality. The current longitudinal study enrolled adult civilian participants (N = 191) from a Level 1 trauma center following a traumatic injury and assessed both event centrality and PTSS at three points posttrauma (3, 12, and 18 months). A time‐constrained random intercept cross‐lagged panel analysis showed that PTSS predicted event centrality over the 18‐month follow‐up period, B = 0.16, p = .021, but event centrality did not predict PTSS, B = ‐0.27, p = .340. These findings suggest that the development of PTSS following trauma exposure may lead to the perception of the traumatic event as central to an individual's story over time. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine what variables may influence the connection between PTSS and event centrality.
Identification of Analytical Singularity in a Non‐Plasmonic Nanosensing System
Authors: Zhou Yanyan , Chan C. T. , Zhang Haixi , Li Nanxi , Li Xuejin , Ho Ho‐Pui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOptical sensing works most efficiently around the singularity of resonances. In the pursuit of high quality‐factor and sensitivity, non‐plasmonic nanosensors are desired as metallic materials are intrinsically lossy. However, standalone resonant systems of dielectric nanoparticles (NPs) generally do not possess a pole or its identification has proven to be hard across the complex frequency domain. To solve this problem, an active external cavity is designed and the dielectric NP is put inside it to formulate a cavity‐NP (C‐NP) system. The dielectric NP has dimensions comparable with the effective wavelength in the particle material and the coupled resonance is shown to exhibit a pole when a singular optimum gain is applied, overcoming the no‐pole‐limitation of dielectric NPs. The underlying physics of the coupled system is studied with the pseudo‐orthonormal eigenmode method (POEM), which can treat such non‐Hermitian systems and quickly pinpoint the singularity from the real frequencies. The POEM study generates a set of guidelines that facilitate device design and experimental optimization. Through dynamic finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, the all‐dielectric gain‐assisted cavity‐NP structure thus identified is shown to reach a pole at small optical gain. When used as a sensor, the system accommodates nanoscale sensing volume and giant sensitivity when operated around its pole.
A radiative cooling, anti‐corrosion multifunctional composite coating derived from Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) oil
Authors: Chen Bo Xi , Sun Jian Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere, a new application from Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) oil was successfully proposed to develop a multifunctional composite coating using Jatropha oil (JO) as a raw material to replace traditional non‐renewable chemical materials. Here, a new application of Jatropha oil is proposed to develop a multifunctional composite coating using Jatropha oil as a raw material instead of traditional non‐renewable chemical materials. To achieve this goal, Jatropha oil first needs to be made into refined Jatropha oil (RJO) by degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization. The RJO was then subjected to epoxidation to obtain epoxidized Jatropha oil (EJO), and the optimal epoxidation conditions were explored. Finally, EJO was synthesized as acrylate and barium sulfate (BaSO4) was added as inorganic filler to prepare a composite coating. The results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the composite coating was as high as 451°C, and the composite coating showed the best mechanical properties when the filling amount of BaSO4 reached 40%. The composite coating has a reflectivity of over 80% in the UV region and can reach a contact angle of 108 ° with excellent hydrophobicity, which can play a self‐cleaning role. In addition, the composite coating is also immersed in acid and alkali solution for 30 days, it has less mass loss and shows excellent acid and alkali resistance, which can play the role of anti‐corrosion. The composite coating can be attached to the surface of wood, glass, metal, plastic, and other materials to provide protection for the materials, which has good application prospects. This pioneering work provides an opportunity to promote JO with depressed application market in industrial production.
Alpinetin alleviates osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs by triggering autophagy via PKA/mTOR/ULK1 signaling
Authors: Zeng Chenying , Wang Shan , Chen Fenglei , Wang Ziming , Li Jinteng , Xie Zhongyu , Ma Mengjun , Wang Peng , Shen Huiyong , Wu Yanfeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis, a systemic bone disease that is characterized by a reduction in bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, is becoming a serious problem worldwide. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into bone‐forming osteoblasts, and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of bone metabolism, thus being a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Although the phytochemical alpinetin (APT) has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities, it is still unclear whether APT can influence the osteogenic differentiation of on BMSCs and if it can improve osteoporosis. In this study, we found that APT treatment was able to enhance osteogenic differentiation levels of human BMSCs in vitro and mouse ones in vivo as revealed by multiple osteogenic markers including increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression. Mechanistically, the protein kinase A (PKA)/mTOR/ULK1 signaling was involved in the action of APT to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In addition, oral administration of APT significantly mitigated the bone loss in a dexamethasone‐induced mouse model of osteoporosis through strengthening PKA signaling and autophagy. Altogether, these data demonstrate that APT promotes osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs by augmenting the PKA/mTOR/ULK1 autophagy signaling, highlighting its potential therapeutic application for treating osteoporotic diseases.
Strategies for the sustainable development of China in the post‐epidemic era
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Xin , Wen Jun , Zou Xing‐Yun , Wang Quan‐jing , Chang Chun‐Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCountries around the world are facing enormous challenges in their economic and social development as COVID‐19 continues to spread, resulting in slower economic recovery in the post‐pandemic era. Considering the impact of economic growth on future sustainable development in this new era, green economic recovery (GER) can achieve a win‐win situation between economic recovery and environmental improvement and bring forth environmentally sustainable economic growth. This research first lists related COVID‐19 literature surveys and GER policies in the post‐pandemic era in China. Based on a comparative study of the international experience of GER policy practices, this paper then analyzes the opportunities and challenges China faces for GER and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on how to promote its sustainable development in the post‐epidemic era. We believe our research presents useful enlightenments for sustainable economic and social development in the post‐epidemic era.
Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and ADMET Studies on the OTU Protease of Crimean‐Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Authors: Yildirim Merve , Celik Ismail 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCrimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is caused by the Nairovirus genus CCHF virus from the Bunyaviridae family, which is called by the same name. The effective reservoir for the spread of the virus is the ticks of the genus Hyalomma. The CCHF disease has a mortality rate of 30 % in the world and 5 % in Turkey. Although it has a high mortality rate, there is only one approved drug available to treat the disease. Currently, ribavirin is the only drug approved by the WHO (World Health Organization) for the CCHF virus. However, although it has been proven to be effective in the early diagnosis of the disease in non‐randomized studies, there is still controversial due to the lack of randomized studies. OTU (ovarian tumor), an enzyme that plays a role in viral replication and suppression of the immune system, was chosen as a protease drug target. Computer‐aided drug design aims to increase the success rate while reducing the time and budget spent. Virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and ADMET studies are stages of computer‐aided drug design. In this thesis; as a result of virtual scanning and molecular docking study, the active ingredients of protokylol, rimiterol, and aspoxicillin, which have high values on the OTU protease enzyme of CCHF, were selected. Then, ligand enzyme complexes were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and ADMET studies.
Synthesis of a Terminal Amino‐Modified Nucleolin Aptamer and Its Paclitaxel Conjugate
Authors: Xu Xiaoling , Jiang Mingyu , Miao Dan , Liu Yongping , Tan Xiaobin , Hu Jiawei , Gu Chunye , Peng Weijie , Jiang Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAptamer‐drug conjugate has been developed as a potential class of targeted therapeutics, which using aptamer as tumor recognition elements could targeted deliver the conjugated chemically toxic drug to tumor site. One of the keys to the success of aptamer‐drug conjugate is terminal modification of aptamer to facilitate the conjugation with drugs. Herein, a novel terminal amino‐modified nucleolin aptamer which using solketal as raw material was developed. Moreover, its paclitaxel conjugate wherein the aptamer coupled with paclitaxel derivatives by amidation was also conducted. The easily available raw materials, stable structure, together with its simplicity of operation, gives it the potential for use on an industrial scale.
Tropylium‐BF4 as Organocatalyst for Efficient Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldoximes; Synthetic Scope and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Anchi Athmanand , Sutar Suraj M. , Kalkhambkar Rajesh G. , Borosky Gabriela L. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStructurally diverse aldoximes were conveniently transformed within minutes to the corresponding nitriles by using tropylium BF4 as organocatalyst, in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ionic liquids (BMIM‐ILs) as solvent, under microwave irradiation. The scope of this convenient, cyanide free, process for nitrile synthesis was explored, and DFT computations were employed to shed light on the mechanistic steps of this catalytic reaction leading to dehydration.
Physicochemical Properties and Molecular Structure of Starches from Potato Cultivars of Different Tuber Colors
Authors: Yu Yingtao , Han Fujuan , Huang Yumin , Xiao Liuyang , Cao Shaopan , Liu Zhenya , Thakur Kiran , Han Lihong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPotato plays an important role for starch resource and has diverse colored tubers because of diverse genotype backgrounds. However, it is unknown whether starch physiological and structural properties are dependent on the color of tuber. In the present study, six potato cultivars are grown under the same conditions. Though granule size (D50, 31.33–39.47 µm) and amylose content (29.91–36.66%) of starches from different varieties show significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences, but all exhibit similar morphology and B‐type crystalline structure. The molecular weight of amylose and amylopectin ranges from 5.47 × 104 to 71.50 × 104 g mol−1 and from 121.44 × 105 to 141.09 × 105 g mol−1, respectively. The distributions of amylopectin chain length, thermal, and digestive properties differ among potato starches from six different varieties. The cluster analysis based on starch physiological and structural parameters shows that starch properties of potatoes are independent of the color of tuber but are determined by the variety genotype background. These results can provide a structural basis for quality breeding and targeting future utilization of different colored potato varieties.
Improving obesity and lipid metabolism using conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Sun Ye , Hou Xufeng , Li Lingjie , Tang Yanqing , Zheng Mingyue , Zeng Weisen , Lei XiaoLong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can prevent fatty acid accumulation induced by a high‐fructose diet and improve lipid metabolism disorders in patients.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the effect of CLA on obesity and lipid metabolism and its possible mechanism.MethodsEight‐month‐old male BKS.Cg‐Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/JNju (db/db) mice (n = 12) were fed a CLA mix composed of equivalent c9, t11‐CLA and t10, c12‐CLA for 1 month. The effect of CLA on body weight, water and food intake, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels was investigated. PPARα, PPARγ and CD36 expression was determined by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Additionally, the expression of these three genes was studied in HepG2 cells treated with CLA and linoleic acid.ResultsCLA treatment notably reduced the dietary and water intake of db/db mice, effectively reduced body weight, and decreased serum TG and TC levels (p < 0.05). Increased expression of PPARα (p < 0.05) and decreased expression of CD36 (p < 0.001) were observed in the liver of mice that were fed CLA. CLA increased PPARα expression (p < 0.001) and decreased PPARγ (p < 0.001) and CD36 expression (p < 0.01) in HepG2 cells.ConclusionsOur results showed that CLA can improve lipid metabolism in obese mice through upregulation of PPARα expression and downregulation of CD36 expression.
Identifying Limitations when Deriving Probabilistic Views of North Atlantic Hurricane Hazard from Counterfactual Ensemble NWP Re-forecasts
Authors: Philp Tom J. , Champion Adrian J. , Hodges Kevin I. , Pigott Catherine , MacFarlane Andrew , Wragg George , Zhao Steve 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDownward counterfactual analysis – or quantitatively estimating how our observed history could have been worse – is increasingly being used by the re/insurance industry to identify, quantify, and mitigate against as-yet-unrealised “grey-swan” catastrophic events. While useful for informing site-specific adaptation strategies, the extraction of probabilistic information remains intangible from such downside-only focused analytics. We hypothesise that combined upward and downward counterfactual analysis (i.e., how history could have been either better or worse) may allow us to obtain probabilistic information from counterfactual research if it can be applied objectively and without bias.Here we test this concept of objective counterfactual analysis by investigating how initial-condition-driven track variability of events in our North Atlantic Hurricane (NAHU) record may affect present-day probabilistic views of US landfall risk. To do this, we create 10,000 counterfactual NAHU histories from NCEP GEFS v2 initial-condition ensemble reforecast data for the period 1985-2016 and compare the statistics of these counterfactual histories to a model-based version of our single observational history.While the methodology presented herein attempts to produce the histories as objectively as possible, there is clear – and, ultimately, intuitively understandable – systematic underprediction of US NAHU landfall frequency in the counterfactual histories. This limits the ability to use the data in real-world applications at present. However, even with this systematic under-prediction, it is interesting to note both the magnitude of volatility and spatial variability in hurricane landfalls in single cities and wider regions along the US coastline, which speaks to the potential value of objective counterfactual analysis once methods have evolved.
Current and Future Tropical Cyclone Wind Risk in the Small Island Developing States
Authors: Bloemendaal Nadia , Koks E. E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) are amongst the costliest and deadliest natural hazards and can cause widespread havoc in tropical coastal areas. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly vulnerable to TCs, as they generally have limited financial resources to overcome past impacts and mitigate future risk. However, risk assessments for SIDS are scarce due to limited meteorological, exposure, and vulnerability data. In this study, we combine recent research advances in these three disciplines to estimate TC wind risk under past (1980–2017) and near-future (2015–2050) climate conditions. Our results show that TC risk strongly differs per region, with 91% of all risk constituted in the North Atlantic. The highest risk estimates are found for the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, with present-climate expected annual damages (EAD) of 1.51 billion and 1.25 billion USD, respectively. This study provides valuable insights in TC risk and its spatial distribution, and can serve as input for future studies on TC risk mitigation in the SIDS.
Climate Change Impacts to Hurricane-Induced Wind and Storm Surge Losses for Three Major Metropolitan Regions in the U.S.
Authors: Sousounis Peter J. , Grenier Roger , Schneyer Jonathan , Raizman Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is expected to have increasingly significant impacts on U.S. hurricane activity through this century (Hayhoe et al., Our changing climate. In: Reidmiller DR, Avery CW, Easterling DR, Kunkel KE, Lewis KLM, Maycock TK, Stewart BC (eds) Impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States: fourth national climate assessment, volume II. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, pp 72:144. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH, 2018). A key concern for private insurers is how the relative contributions to loss from wind and water may change because damage from flood is not typically covered in the residential market. This study addresses the concern by considering how climate change by 2050 under an extreme climate scenario may impact hurricane frequency and damage. Using a stochastic catalog of 100,000 years of possible events that can occur in today’s climate, and available information on how hurricane frequency and intensity may change, multiple catalogs of events are created to reflect future hurricane activity. Climate change impacts on precipitation rate are not accounted for here, although sea level rise is included to understand how much worse storm surge may become. Relative changes to wind loss and coastal flood loss are examined for three economically significant and hurricane prone urban locations: Houston-Galveston, Miami, and New York. Results show that relative changes in wind loss may pale in comparison to relative changes in storm surge loss. Houston shows large increases in relative contribution of surge to total loss because the contribution is currently small, New York shows the least significant increases because contributions are currently large, and Miami is in the middle.