bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Agriburb: Recalling The Suburban Side Of Ontario, California’s Agricultural Colonization
Authors: SANDUL PAUL J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This essay spotlights the development of Ontario, California, in the last decades of the nineteenth century. It demonstrates that many agricultural communities in California, particularly so-called agricultural colonies, represent a unique rural suburban type labeled here as "agriburbs." Agriburbs, such as Ontario, were communities consciously planned, developed, and promoted based on the drive for profit in emerging agricultural markets. Advertised as the perfect mix of rural and urban, they promised a superior middle-class lifestyle. On the one hand, agriburbs evoked the myths of agrarian security and virtue, a life on a farm in an environment that was good for both soil and soul. On the other hand, agriburbs were ideally urbane but not urban because of their many amenities that represented cultural symbols of modernity, refinement, and progress. An understanding of California’s agriburbs deepens an appreciation for both the growth and development of California at the turn of the twentieth century and the diversity of suburban types across the American landscape.
Origins of Pioneer Apple Orchards in the American West: Random Seeding versus Artisan Horticulture
Authors: DIAMOND DAVID H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Before the Revolution, colonial American consumers reconstituted the English apple orchard. Unremarkable random seedling apples and "high" flavored English cider fruits were devalued. Late colonial consumers selected a range of sweeter, more versatile apples for fresh use and culinary preparations, others for drying, and many "winter keepers" for long-term storage. These trees were supplied by distinctive, horticulturally trained farmers who produced grafted trees as part of their mixed crop output. Demand for this first catalog of American apple trees exploded in the Ohio Valley, where surging farm establishment fueled commercial agricultural enterprises. By 1800 pioneer artisan horticulturists were selling America’s favorite cultivated apple tree varieties to frontier farmers while mythologized peddlers of unimproved, random seedlings contributed only marginally. By 1820 craft nurserymen marketed tens of thousands of grafted apple trees annually and were among the most commercially oriented farmers in the Old Northwest.
Investigating local and systemic intestinal signalling in health and disease with Drosophila
Authors: Medina Andre , Bellec Karen , Polcowñuk Sofia , Cordero Julia B. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Whole-body health relies on complex inter-organ signalling networks that enable organisms to adapt to environmental perturbations and to changes in tissue homeostasis. The intestine plays a major role as a signalling centre by producing local and systemic signals that are relayed to the body and that maintain intestinal and organismal homeostasis. Consequently, disruption of intestinal homeostasis and signalling are associated with systemic diseases and multi-organ dysfunction. In recent years, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a prime model organism to study tissue-intrinsic and systemic signalling networks of the adult intestine due to its genetic tractability and functional conservation with mammals. In this Review, we highlight Drosophila research that has contributed to our understanding of how the adult intestine interacts with its microenvironment and with distant organs. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding intestinal and whole-body pathophysiology, and how future Drosophila studies might advance our knowledge of the complex interplay between the intestine and the rest of the body in health and disease.
PLK1 controls centriole distal appendage formation and centrobin removal via independent pathways
Authors: Le Roux-Bourdieu Morgan , Dwivedi Devashish , Harry Daniela , Meraldi Patrick 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTCentrioles are central structural elements of centrosomes and cilia. In human cells, daughter centrioles are assembled adjacent to existing centrioles in S-phase and reach their full functionality with the formation of distal and subdistal appendages one-and-a-half cell cycles later, as they exit their second mitosis. Current models postulate that the centriolar protein centrobin acts as placeholder for distal appendage proteins that must be removed to complete distal appendage formation. Here, we investigated, in non-transformed human epithelial RPE1 cells, the mechanisms controlling centrobin removal and its effect on distal appendage formation. Our data are consistent with a speculative model in which centrobin is removed from older centrioles due to a higher affinity for the newly born daughter centrioles, under the control of the centrosomal kinase PLK1. This removal also depends on the presence of subdistal appendage proteins on the oldest centriole. Removing centrobin, however, is not required for the recruitment of distal appendage proteins, even though this process is equally dependent on PLK1. We conclude that PLK1 kinase regulates centrobin removal and distal appendage formation during centriole maturation via separate pathways.
What (Exactly) Is Novelty in Networks? Unpacking the Vision Advantages of Brokers, Bridges, and Weak Ties
Authors: Aral Sinan , Dhillon Paramveer S. 
Published: March 2022

The strength of weak ties and brokerage theory both rely on the argument that weak bridging ties deliver novel information to create “vision advantages” for actors in brokerage positions. However, our conceptualization of novelty is itself fundamentally underdeveloped. We, therefore, develop a theory of how three distinct types of novelty—diversity, non-redundancy, and uniqueness—combine with network structure to create vision advantages in social networks. We test this theory using panel data on an evolving corporate email network. Three main results emerge from our analysis. First, we confirm the diversity-bandwidth tradeoff (DBT) at the heart of the vision advantage. As brokers’ networks become more diverse, their channel bandwidth contracts, creating countervailing effects on access to novel information. Second, we uncover a mechanism driving the DBT, which helps explain differences in vision advantages across strong and weak ties. Strong, cohesive ties deliver greater information diversity and non-redundancy, whereas weak bridging ties contribute the most unique information (the information that is most different from what other contacts deliver). Third, we find network diversity (in contrast to network constraint) to be positively associated with longitudinal entropy, a measure of the accumulation of novel information over time. This suggests that weak bridging ties, which provide the most unique information through low bandwidth, structurally diverse channels, contribute the most to one’s aggregation of novel information over time. Collectively, these results take a step toward resolving a long-standing debate in network theory about whether strong, cohesive networks or weak bridging networks contribute more to vision advantages. This work firmly establishes that it depends.This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.Supplemental Material: The code and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4377 .
Analysis of crosstalk in spectral beam combining of diode laser bar
Authors: Song Yuyan , Yu Xiao , Hu Cong , Wang Ping , Ma Haojie , Tang Xiahui 
Published: March 2022

Spectral beam combining (SBC) of laser diodes has been proven to be an effective method to improve beam brightness. The crosstalk between different emitters in the SBC system will significantly affect the beam-combining efficiency and output beam properties without effective control. The interfering factors of the crosstalk beam intensity in semiconductor laser SBC have been theoretically analyzed, and experiments have been built to carry out the SBC of a semiconductor laser bar with a high filling factor of 80%. It is found that by adding an inverted Kepler telescope, reducing the focal length of the transmission lens or increasing the spacing of the grating and the output coupling mirror, the crosstalk can be suppressed. In an experiment of beam combining with five emitters, the ratio of the first-order crosstalk peak energy to that of the central beam spot is about 0.34 when the spacing of the grating and the output coupling mirror is 50 mm and the focal length of the transmission lens is 200 mm. The ratio decreases to 0.035 when the spacing of the grating and the output coupling mirror is 200 mm. With the addition of an inverted Kepler telescope with a magnification of 2, the ratio decreases to 0.085. In addition, the ratio decreases to 0.07 when the focal length of the transmission lens is 80 mm.
Sistem Equity Crowdfunding (ECF) Dalam Hukum Di Indonesia
Authors: Kadir Muhammad Rusydi 
Published: March 2022

Perkembangan tekhnologi informasi berdampak pada kegiatan ekonomi dunia termasuk Indonesia, kecepatan dan efesiensi waktu adalah manfaatnya. Namun kecepatan itu melahirkan sistem yang masih sporadis dan dapat membahayakan setiap individu yang menggunakan transaksi keuangan tanpa kesesuaian hukum yang ada. Di Indonesia kemajuan dalam bidang ekonomi diimbangi dengan peraturan operasional yang dikeluarkan oleh otoritas jasa keuangan dan Fatwa DSN-MUI berfungsi dalam menciptkan suasana ekonomi tanpa kebatilan. Melalui pendekatan hukum yang ada di Indonesia terhadap kemunculan sistem Equity Crowdfunding disebabkan kebutuhan masyarakat society 5.0. Penulis akan menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif (Normative law research) jenis ini dapat memfokuskan penelitian pada inventaris hukum positif, asas-asas dan doktrin hukum, sinkronisasi hukum, sistematika hukum, perbandingan hukum, dan sejarah hukum. Kata Kunci: Tekhnologi informasi; Hukum; Equity Crowdfunding
Perkembangan Perbankan Syariah di Timur Tengah dan Pakistan
Authors: Rambe Laila Afni 
Published: March 2022

Perbandingan pesatnya perkembangan perbankan syariah di Indonesia dengan daerah Timur-Timur serta Pakistan memberikan gambaran yang sangat berbeda. Mengapa tidak, harus diakui negara-negara di bagian Timur Tengah merupakan negara pelopor pertumbuhan perbankan syariah. Sehingga sangat tidak diherankan jika perkembangannya juga begitu pesat di Timur Tengah dibandingkan di Indonesia. Begitu juga dengan dorongan-dorongan dari berbagai pihak baik pemerintah maupun warga negaranya. Di Pakistan dukungan dari pemerintah begitu kuat dengan dilakukan pelarangan penggunaan sistem perbankan konvensional. Seiring dengan perkembangan perbankan syariah tersebut, tingkat penerimaan dari masyarakat juga begitu meningkat. Meskipun dibersamai oleh pandangan sebagian masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa perbankan syariah hanya merupakan labelisasi semata. Kata Kunci: Perbankan Syariah; Sejarah; Perkembangan; Timur Tengah dan Pakistan
Comparison of endoscopic and open methods of surgical treatment for lumbosacral spinal canal stenosis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Gizatullin Sh. Kh. , Kristosturov A. S. , Davydov D. V. , Stanishevsky A. V. , Povetkin A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To analyze clinical outcomes and complication rates of transforaminal and interlaminar endoscopic decompression and open microsurgical operations performed for lumbosacral spinal canal stenosis.Material and Methods. The data of 60 literature sources selected in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases were systematized by evaluating diagnostic methods, clinical pictures and surgical treatment of the lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Original studies, case series and reviews containing information on surgical methods for the treatment of spinal stenosis at the lumbar level were analyzed.Results. The complication rate after transforaminal endoscopic decompression (relapses, infectious complications, damage to the dural membrane and spinal roots) does not exceed 2.7 %, which is significantly lower than that in open microsurgical operation (4.8–8.8 %). Endoscopic decompression and reconstruction of the spinal canal demonstrate good clinical outcomes, lower number of bed-days, readmissions, and good economic benefits. When stenosis is combined with instability of the spinal motion segment, performing only a decompressive operation in any volume does not give a significant clinical result, and stabilization surgery is required.Conclusion. The introduction of endoscopic reconstructive surgery for spinal canal stenosis in the lumbosacral spine is associated not only with technical progress and improvement of endoscopic optics, but also with the search for the causes of unsatisfactory results of open operations. Endoscopic interventions showed good clinical outcomes and a decrease in the complication rate. However, the evidence base needs to be expanded due to the lack of randomized trials to compare open decompression and stabilization, and endoscopic reconstructive surgeries in patients with various manifestations of spinal stenosis.
The influence of spinopelvic relationships on late dislocation of the prosthetic femoral head after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Peleganchuk A. V. , Turgunov E. N. , Mushkachev E. A. , Sanginov A. J. , Simonovich A. E. , Pavlov V. V. 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To analyze the influence of sagittal balance parameters on the risk of dislocations of the head of the femoral component of the hip joint endoprosthesis.Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 113 patients with idiopathic coxarthrosis who underwent unilateral total hip arthroplasty was performed. The study assessed the parameters characterizing the sagittal balance in patients without prosthetic femoral head dislocation in the postoperative period (Group 1; n = 60) and in patients treated for prosthetic femoral head dislocation (Group 2; n = 53). Comparison of indicators was carried out by non-parametric Mann – Whitney U-test, and identification of dislocation predictors – by building single- and multi-factor logistic regression models. Differences were considered statistically significant at the achieved significance level p < 0.05.Results. In Group 1, the type 3 sagittal balance according to Roussouly prevailed (48 %), in Group 2 – types 1, 2 and 4 (75 %). In patients with types 1 and 2 sagittal balance, the dislocations of the prosthetic femoral head occured 1.84 times more often than in patients with type 3, and that in patients with type 4 – 1.66 times more often.Conclusion. Patients with Roussouly type 3 sagittal balance have significantly lower risks of postoperative dislocation of the prosthetic femoral head, as compared with those with types 1, 2 and 4.
The optimal structure optimal insurance network in China
Authors: Ming liu Ming 
Published: March 2022

As an integral part of the economic network, insurance institutions and other institutions not only have equity and creditor's rights relationships, but also, as risk management departments in the economic network, there is a risk exchange network constructed with reinsurance relationships. At the beginning of this paper, we discuss the external and internal risk spread relationship of insurance institutions. Subsequently, using Kanno's(2014) insurance network model analysze the characteristics of China's reinsurance market and its structure.
Regularity estimates for fractional orthotropic p-Laplacians of mixed order
Authors: Chaker Jamil , Kim Minhyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study robust regularity estimates for a class of nonlinear integro-differential operators with anisotropic and singular kernels. In this paper, we prove a Sobolev-type inequality, a weak Harnack inequality, and a local Hölder estimate.
Subjektivierung der Arbeit in a Nutshell
Authors: Schreyer Jasmin , Pfeiffer Sabine , Sauer Stefan , Nicklich Manuel , Blank Marco , Tihlarik Amelie 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Im sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskurs und den medialen Debatten wird die Covid-19-Pandemie zunehmend als disruptive Kraft in Bezug auf die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt wahrgenommen. Während dabei vor allem die Möglichkeit von Homeoffice thematisiert wird, steht im Zentrum unseres Artikels die situative Be-Arbeitung dieses Wandels durch die Beschäftigten im Zuge betrieblicher Reorganisation – mit seinen sichtbaren mittel- und ggf. langfristigen Folgen für die zukünftige Gestaltung von Arbeit. Der Beitrag zeichnet diese Zusammenhänge anhand eines qualitativen Panels nach: Seit dem ersten Lockdown wurden wiederholt Interviews mit Führungskräften unterschiedlicher Branchen geführt, um ihre laufend reflektierten Perspektiven zu erheben. Dabei zeigt sich: Einerseits greift Subjektivierung als struktureller Prozess des instrumentellen Zugriffs der Organisation auf Subjektpotenziale und damit auf den ganzen Menschen ins Leere. Andererseits ermöglicht die Subjektivierung von Arbeit als spontaner und selbstorganisierter Prozess erst die erfolgreiche Be-Arbeitung der Herausforderungen durch die Pandemie. Sichtbar wird in der Pandemie eine Art ‚Kontingenzkompetenz‘ der Beschäftigten, die im Nachgang von den Unternehmen wieder integriert und zur Erwartung im Sinne einer strukturellen Subjektivierung werden könnte.
Die Gegenwart der Krise als Erosion unternehmerischer Zukünfte
Authors: Schürmann Lena , Stamm Isabell , Scheidgen Katharina 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht aus Perspektive der subjektorientierten Arbeitsforschung, wie Soloselbstständige die frühe Corona-Pandemie deuten und der Krise begegnen. Dafür wurden im Sommer und Herbst 2020 insgesamt 40 Interviews mit Soloselbstständigen aus drei Erwerbszweigen (Handwerk, Kultur, Coaching) geführt. Herausgearbeitet wird, wie Soloselbstständige branchenübergreifend eine starke Abhängigkeit vom Markt erleben und erfahren, dass ihre Planungen und Zukunftsentwürfe in Frage gestellt werden. Obschon alle Befragten auf ähnliche Weise den Anforderungen zur Umgestaltung ihrer Soloselbstständigkeit begegnen, treten branchenbezogene Ungleichheiten in den Möglichkeiten der sinngestützten Krisenbewältigung hervor. Damit bereichert der Beitrag die sich gegenwärtig konstituierende Debatte um die Ungleichheitswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie aus qualitativ-sinnrekonstruktiver Perspektive.
„Helden“ oder Arbeiter*innen?
Authors: Hürtgen Stefanie 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag diskutiert alltagspolitische Intervention von Arbeiter*innen zu ihrer „Systemrelevanz“ demokratietheoretisch. Die These lautet, dass objektiv und subjektiv ein fundamentaler, in der Wissenschaft viel zu wenig beachteter Zusammenhang von sozialer Demokratie und gesellschaftlichem Charakter von (Lohn-)Arbeit besteht. Der Beitrag beginnt mit einer illustrativen Darstellung alltagspolitischer Interventionen zu Systemrelevanz, diskutiert anschließend den Zusammenhang von Arbeitsbegriff und Demokratie und aktualisiert diesen Zugang mit Bezug auf die ökofeministische Debatte und einen Begriff von Arbeit als fürsorglicher Praxis. Abschließend wird die diskurspolitische Umwandlung von Arbeiter*innen in „Helden“ als Angriff auf soziale Demokratie skizziert.
Getting attention in different languages: A usage-based approach to parenthetical look in Chinese, Dutch, English, and Italian
Authors: Van Olmen Daniël , Tantucci Vittorio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present article examines the broad function of attention-getting embodied by parentheticallookin Chinese, Dutch, English and Italian. It analyzes a sample of the marker’s occurrences in corpora of spontaneous conversations and of interviews and discussions in terms of a systematic typology of parameters of interactional behavior and adopts a range of statistical methods to uncover patterns of (dis)similarity. The results include, inter alia, a cross-linguistic preference for clause-initial and turn-initial/medial position, a strong association across languages with assertive and expressive speech acts and an attraction to the onset of quotations. Variation in and exceptions to these tendencies are observed too. The findings are explained with reference to phenomena such as persistence and entrenchment and contribute to a better understanding not only of attention-getting in different languages but also of intersubjectivity, constructed dialogue, and illocutional concurrences.
The case of question-based exclamatives: From pragmatic rhetorical function to semantic meaning
Authors: Bardenstein Ruti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I analyze the cyclic linguistic evolution of questions via Bardenstein’s ‘persistence principle’ (Bardenstein, Ruti. 2020b. Persistent argumentative discourse markers. The case of Hebrew rectification-marker be-ʕecem (‘actually’).Journal of Pragmatics172. 254–269) and argue that questions become “polysemous” via a core function. I show that it is the question’s initial rhetorically-recruited function that motivates its semantic change (alongside grammatical and prosodic changes) and it is that function that also persists throughout its history. I focus my analysis on question-based exclamatives whose peresistent function is the speaker’s strong stance and show that this function persists even when the question-based exclamative cyclically evolves into an adverbial NPI (Negative Polarity Item).
K-12 teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of online EFL teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zou Bin , Chen Xinyi , Sun Weifeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During the Coronavirus disease outbreak, education in schools and universities was conducted through online platforms worldwide. School teachers in China have had a taste of online teaching, which never appeared to be a necessity before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This research explores the effectiveness of English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching at the primary and secondary school levels during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The research tools comprise questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. A total of 132 teachers from more than 10 provinces completed the online questionnaire, and 12 teachers were involved in semi-structured interviews. The results showed that while some EFL teachers adopted effective online pedagogies, others encountered challenges in online teaching. The teachers who had comprehensive Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) or with previous online teaching experience tended to be more optimistic about teaching effectiveness in online language education. However, less training and a lack of TPACK and skills can hinder effective online teaching.