bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hygiene Behavior and Its Influencing Factors among Primary School Children in Delanta District, North East Ethiopia
Authors: Yizengaw Habtie , Ebrahim Hussen , Wassihun Yitbarek , Walle Getaw 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Poor hygiene behaviours create a serious public health threat to school children. One of the major problems faced by school children are infections. The primary causes of infection are associated with poor water supply, poor sanitation, and poor hygiene behaviors, which can lead to decreased academic performance and increased likelihood of dropout; this, in turn, prevents children from attaining the numerous economic and health benefits associated with educational attainment. Thus, the study aims to assess hygiene behaviors and influencing factors among primary school children in Delanta District, North East Ethiopia, 2020.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 primary school students of Delanta District, from February 1to29, 2020. The participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics using frequency, proportion, and summary measures were done. Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were also done to identify independent variables associated with hygiene behaviors among primary school children. P value less than 0.05 and an adjusted odd ratio with 95% confidence interval noninclusive of one were considered as statistically significant.
Results
A total of 407 respondents were included with a response rate of 100%. The prevalence of positive hygiene behavior was 59.7%( 95% CI 54.6%, 64.1%). Out of the total respondents, 205 (50.4%) had knowledge on water handling practices whereas 236 (58%) of the respondents had knowledge on latrine utilization but 258 (63.4%) of the respondents did not know the proper hand washing practices. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, taking training on hygiene and sanitation (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3, 3.6), having awareness on hand washing practices (AOR: 1.92, 95% CI (5.5, 15.7) and having knowledgeable on latrine utilization (AOR: 1.96, 95% CI 1.02, 2.67) demonstrated a statistically significant association with the hygiene behavior.
Conclusion
The overall findings revealed that the students had adequate knowledge on water handling and latrine utilization but poor knowledge on hand washing practices and a greater number of school children did not aware on water handling and hand washing practices. Therefore, focused strategies should be designed on promoting knowledge of school children on toilet use and hand washing practices.
Triage and Outcomes for a Whole Cohort of Patients Presenting for Major Emergency Abdominal Surgery Including the No-LAP Population: A Prospective Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamed , Lauritsen Morten Laksáfoss , Cihoric Mirjana , Hilsted Karen Lisa , Foss Nicolai Bang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:Clinical outcomes for patients with an indication for major emergency abdominal surgery, who do not proceed to the operating room, are not well characterised in the existing literature. Triage criteria may vary between centres, which could significantly impact reported postoperative outcomes. Methods:We aimed to characterise the entire population presenting with an indication for acute high-risk abdominal surgery, including patients not proceeding to surgery, in a prospective observational single-center study in a high-volume Danish center. In all, 252 consecutive patients presenting with acute surgical abdominal pathology, where major emergent abdominal surgery was indicated, were prospectively included from 15th October 2020 to 15th August 2021.Results:Overall, 21 patients (8.3%) of our total study cohort did not proceed to surgery. These patients were significantly older, more comorbid with higher ASA scores, poor performance status, and were more likely to have bowel ischemia. Poor functional performance and surgeons’ consideration of futile intervention were the main reasons for the decision not to operate in all 21 patients. Overall, 30-day mortality was 95% for the No-LAP cohort, 9% for the LAP cohort, and 16% for the whole cohort respectively. Thus, indicating the No-LAP group selection as one of the main determinants of overall outcome and postoperative reported outcome. Conclusions: There is a need for prospective international multi-center studies to characterise the entire cohort of patients eligible for emergency laparotomy including the No-LAP population, as large variations in triage criteria and culture seem to exist.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Variability in Platelet-Rich Plasma Preparations Used in Regenerative Medicine: A Systematic Review.
Authors: Tey Raghvendra , Joshi Vivek , Haldankar Pallavi , Raj Rishi , Maradi Ravindra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its derivatives are used in several aesthetic, dental, and musculoskeletal procedures. Their efficacy is primarily due to the release of various growth factors (GF), interleukins, cytokines, and white blood cells. However, the PRP preparation methods are highly variable, and studies lack consistency in reporting complete procedures to prepare PRP and characterize PRP and its derivatives. Also, all the tissue-specific (in vivo and in vitro) interactions and functional properties of the various derivatives/factors of the PRP have not been taken into consideration by any study so far. This creates a potential space for further standardization of the PRP preparation methods and customization of PRP/PRP derivatives targeted at tissue-specific/pathology specific requirements that would enable efficacious and widely acceptable usage of PRP as main therapy, rather than being used as adjuvant therapy. The main objective of our study was to investigate the variability in PRP preparation methods and to analyze their efficacy and reliability.
Method
This study considered articles published in the last 5 years, highlighting the variability in their PRP preparation methods and characterization of PRP. Following the PRISMA protocol, we selected 12 articles for the study. The selected articles were assessed using NHLBI quality assessment tool.
Results
We noted differences in 1) approaches in producing PRP, 2) extent of characterization of PRP, 3) small scale and large-scale preparation methods, 4) in vitro and in vivo studies.
Conclusion
We identified two studies describing the procedures which are simple, reproducible, economical, provide a good yield of platelets, and therefore can be considered methods for further tissue-specific and pathology-specific standardizations of PRP and its derivatives. We recommend further randomized studies to understand the full therapeutic potential of the constituents of PRP and its derivatives.
Fish microbiomes 101: disentangling the rules governing marine fish mucosal microbiomes across 101 species
Authors: Minich Jeremiah , Härer Andreas , Vechinski Joseph , Frable Benjamin , Skelton Zachary , Kunselman Emily , Shane Mike , Perry Daniela , Gonzalez Antonio , McDonald Daniel , Knight Rob , Michael Todd , Allen Eric 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fish are the most diverse and widely distributed vertebrates, yet little is known about the microbial ecology of fishes nor the biological and environmental factors that influence the fish microbiome. The microbiota from 101 species of Southern California marine fishes, spanning 22 orders, 55 families, and 83 genera representing ~ 25% of local marine fish diversity, was analyzed to identify patterns that explain microbial diversity patterns in a geographical subset of marine fish biodiversity. We compared fish microbiomes (gill, skin, midgut, and hindgut) using alpha, beta, and gamma diversity along with establishing a novel method to estimate microbial biomass (Qiime2 plugin katharoseq). For oceanic fishes from the neritic zone, host size and distance from shore were negatively associated with microbial biomass densities and diversity in the gills. Body site was the strongest driver for beta diversity with strong evidence of phylosymbiosis observed across the gill, skin, and hindgut, but not midgut. The majority of microbes from all fish body sites were of unknown origin but overall sea water generally contributes more microbes to fish mucus compared to marine sediment. In a meta-analysis of vertebrate hindguts (569 species), mammals had the highest gamma diversity when controlling for host species number while fishes had the highest percent of unique microbial taxa (92%). In fishes, the midgut, gill, and skin contains the majority of microbial diversity which collectively can be 5.5 times higher than the hindgut. The composite dataset will be useful to vertebrate microbiome researchers and fish biologists interested in microbial ecology with applications in aquaculture and fisheries management.
Exosomal circ-RBM23 sponging miR-139-5p to promote liver regeneration through RRM2/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: li ting , fu yu , guo zeyi , zhu honglei , liao hangyu , niu xiaoge , zhou lin , fu shunjun , li shao , wang lujia , zheng yizhou , pan mingxin , gao yi , he guolin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Exosomes are small nano-size membrane vesicles and are involved in intercellular interaction. Here, we examined if exosomes obtained from human placental stem cells promote liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
Methods
Exosomes generated from primary human placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) were isolated and characterized. Cell co-culture model was used to clarify whether exosomes can induce hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. Partial hepatectomy mouse model was used to evaluate whether exosomes can promote hepatocytes proliferation in vivo.
Results
Our results demonstrated that human placental-derived stem cells exosomes (hPMSCs-exo) can induce hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, exosomal circ-RBM23 served as a ceRNA (competing endogenous RNAs) for miR-139-5p, regulated RRM2 and accelerated proliferation through AKT/mTOR pathways. Ablation of circ-RBM23 suppressed the pro-proliferative effect of exosomes.
Conclusions
The hPMSCs exosomal circ-RBM23 stimulated cell proliferation and liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy by a ceRNA network mechanism. Our findings highlight a potential novel therapeutic avenue for liver regeneration.
Spinal Nerve Block and Recovery after Spinal Anesthesia in Frail Patients - a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Tzu-Ling , Chung Shih-Chieh , Su Yi-Kai , Chen Tzu-Shan , Lam Chen-Fuh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Frailty in surgical patients is associated with significantly higher incidences of perioperative mortality and complications. Although neuraxial anesthesia is preferable alternative to general anesthesia in frail patients, it remains undetermined whether the pharmacodynamic profiles of local anesthetics used in intrathecal spinal nerve blocks are altered in this population.Methods: This prospective observational cohort study recruited 62 patients scheduled for operations that were able to be performed under spinal anesthesia between April 22 to June 30, 2020 in our hospitals. Levels of dermatome blockage after spinal anesthesia and the recovery of spinal nerve sensory and motor function were recorded.Results: The prevalence of frailty in patients receiving spinal anesthesia in this study was 25.8%. Compared with non-frail patients, frail patients were significantly older, had a higher proportion of females, and tolerated less intense metabolic equivalent activities. The pre-surgical incision sensory blockage levels were not different between frail and non-frail patients following intrathecal administration of similar dose of bupivacaine. Time intervals to pain sensation at surgical sites (sensory recovery) and voluntary knee flexion (motor recovery) were also similar between the frail and non-frail groups. But, frail patients were associated with more episodes of hypotension and required more vasopressors during operations.Conclusion: Our study illustrates that bupivacaine sensitivity in spinal nerve blocks is not significantly affected by frailty. However, special attention should be paid to correct intraoperative hypotension after spinal anesthesia in frail patients.
Radon concentration measurement and effective dose assessment in drinking groundwater for the adult population in the surrounding area of a thermal power plant
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kumar Pankaj , Agrawal Anshu , Sahoo B. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Radon in the household water collected from hand pumps is measured using a continuous radon monitor. Water samples are collected from 25 villages from the surrounding regions of the National Capital Power Cooperation (NTPC), Dadri. The radon concentration ranges from 17±1 to 68±3 Bql−1 with a mean value of 33±13 Bql−1. The measured radon concentration in all collected samples lies well within the limit of 100 Bql−1as set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The mean values of the annual effective dose due to ingestion of radon and due to the inhalation of radon released from water are 84±33 and 167±65 μSvy−1, respectively. In addition, the mean values of estimated total annual effective doses are found to be 167±65 μSvy−1. The mean value of total annual effective doses is found to be higher than the reference dose level of 100 μSvy−1 recommended by the WHO and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). The mean values of effective doses per annum to the lungs and stomach are 9.9±3.9 and 10.1±3.9 μSv, respectively.
Pharmacological Chemistry and Biomedical Implications of Chemical
Ingredients from Parthenium hysterophorus
Authors: Jaiswal Jyotsna , Singh Nitika , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Doharey Pawan Kumar , Siddiqi Nikhat Jamal , Sharma Bechan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Parthenium hysterophorus L. belonging to the family Asteraceae is a noxious weed in-festation with allelopathic effects with its lower economic value. It poses a serious risk to its sur-roundings. The presence of oils, polyphenols, flavones, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, pseudoguai-anolides, and histamines in P. hysterophorus makes it important and beneficial due to its medicinal properties. This review article is focused on the history, geographical distribution, chemical compo-sition, and molecular structure of some phytochemicals and ethanopharmacological aspects of P. hysterophorus. The harmful effects of this weed have also been included. The information avail-able from the existing literature revealed that P. hysterophorus is rich in various phytochemicals with different pharmacological activities. However, the complete analysis of different phytoconstit-uents isolated from P. hysterophorus and their specific properties are not fully understood. The spo-radic information published in some journals suggests that this plant could be exploited to develop new drugs against certain diseases, including cancer, HIV-1 infection, and immunological disorders. The structure and mode of action of some compounds such as parthenin and stigmasterol were also discussed. Though the current information on P. hysterophorus indicates the ethnopharmacological implications of extracts of this plant, more systematic and extensive studies are still required to properly understand the contribution of its specific chemical constituents responsible for their vari-ous medicinal properties.
In Vitro Investigation of Potential Pepsin Inhibitors: New Perspectives for
the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Salvio Riccardo , Leoni Luca , Damiani Valerio 
Published: March 2022

Background:
In patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Desease (GERD), the digestive enzyme
pepsin can reach the esophagus and extraesophageal sites and cause damage with inflammation
and other tedious symptoms.

Methods:
In this work, a number of biocompatible, non-toxic, and hypoallergenic compounds were
tested in vitro as pepsin inhibitors. The residual enzyme activity in the presence of the investigated
compounds was measured through a convenient and reliable UV-vis method based on the cleavage of
hemoglobin. This method is applicable even if the investigated additives are scarcely soluble in water
and the test mixtures are dispersions rather than solutions.

Results:
A few negatively charged saccharides showed the highest effect among the investigated compounds.
The inhibitory activity of pepstatin and lovastatin was also tested with the same method in a
wide range of concentrations. These compounds turned out to be effective even if present in extremely
low amounts. A docking/molecular dynamic investigation providesuseful insights into the binding site
and the mechanism of action of pepstatin as an inactivating agent toward pepsin.

Conclusion:
In particular, the computational study indicates that the binding with this compound significantly
increases the mobility of the active site residues and prevents them from cooperating in the reactive
event.
Activity of Fosfomycin against the Spectrum of Uropathogens Causing
Cystitis
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Mohapatra Sarita , Pius Aswin , Sharma Rohini , Khan M.A. , Kumar Nikhil , Chakrawarty Avinash , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Nischal Neeraj , Ranjan Piyush , Soneja Manish , Wig Naveet 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent bacterial infections
commonly seen in females. A high degree of antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens has challenged
the use of therapeutic agents. Fosfomycin, which is an old antibiotic with distinctive characteristics,
seems to be a promising novel therapeutic agent with a good bactericidal activity towards multi-drug
resistant (MDR) uropathogens.

Objective:
The main objective of the study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of fosfomycin
among uropathogens causing cystitis.

Methods:
The study was carried out between 2017-2018. A total of 2060 UTI suspects from outpatient
departments (OPDs) and inpatient departments (IPDs) were screened. Out of 2060 screened patients,
1658 were IPD patients, and 402 were OPD patients. The patient’s midstream urine samples were collected
aseptically and processed according to standard protocols. The frequency of extendedspectrum-
beta lactamases (ESBLs) producer and carbapenem resistance were estimated, respectively.
Cultures with significant growth of uropathogens were identified, and minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) to fosfomycin was determined by agar dilution (AD) and by E-test methods.

Results:
184 out of 2060 (8.9%) urine samples showed significant growth of uropathogens. Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli (UPEC) (64%, 118/184) was found to be the most isolated uropathogen.
Among these Gram-negative uropathogens, 80% were ESBLs producers, 43.2% were carbapenemresistant,
and 78% isolates were found to be MDR. The fosfomycin susceptibility for UPEC was 95%
by the AD method.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that fosfomycin is reasonably effective and can be used in the
treatment of MDR uropathogens along with uncomplicated UTIs.
Effects of Dapagliflozin on Adipose and Liver Fatty Acid Composition and
mRNA Expression Involved in Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat-Fed Rats
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Nakamura Takao , Amarume Jota , Yano Mizuna , Umehara Yuta , Nishina Atsuyoshi , Tsutsumi Kazuhiko , Feng Zhonggang , Kusunoki Masataka 
Published: March 2022

Background:
SGLT2 inhibitor enhances not only glucose excretion but also fatty acid utilization. Those facts suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor affects fat accumulation and lipid storage.

Objective:
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin on fatty acid composition and gene expression involved in fatty acid metabolism in rat adipose and liver tissues.

Methods:
We administered 1 mg/kg/day dapagliflozin for 7 weeks to male high-fat-fed rats (DAPA group), and then weights and 22 fatty acid contents in the epididymal (EPI), mesenteric (MES), retroperitoneal (RET), and subcutaneous (SUB) adipose tissues, and the liver were compared with the vehicle-administered control group.

Results:
In the EPI, RET, and SUB in the DAPA group, contents of several fatty acids were lower (P<0.05) than those in the control group, while no significant difference was detected in tissue weight. In the MES, tissue weight and a wide variety of fatty acid contents, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, were lower (P<0.05). As for the liver tissue, no significant difference was observed in fatty acid contents between the groups. mRNA expression of Srebp1c in EPI was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the DAPA group than in the control group, while Scd1 expression in the liver was lower (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that dapagliflozin might suppress lipid accumulation especially in the MES, and could reduce contents of fatty acids not in the liver but in adipose tissues in high-fat-fed rats. In addition, dapagliflozin could influence mRNA expression involved in lipogenesis in the EPI and liver.
Research Development of Centroid Deviation Type Spherical Robot
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Zhang Yi , Song Shichang , Sun Jianpeng , Wu Dianhao 
Published: March 2022

Background:
With the continuous development of science and technology, more and
more human work has been replaced by robots because robots can do many jobs that human beings
are not competent for. At present, researchers pay more and more attention to a new type of robot,
the spherical robot. The most widely used spherical robot is the centroid deviation spherical robot.
This paper mainly introduces the driving mode and structure of the spherical robot with centroid
deviation.

Objective:
This paper explores the classification, development, advantages, and disadvantages of the
driving modes of the spherical robot with centroid deviation.

Methods:
This paper reviews various products and patents related to centroid deviation spherical
robot. This paper also introduces the structural characteristics, differences, and applications of the
existing spherical robots with centroid deviation.

Results:
This paper compares and analyzes various spherical robots with centroid deviation, and
their typical characteristics are summarized. This paper analyzes the main problems existing in various
structures of the spherical robot, looks forward to the development trend of spherical robot, and
discusses the research status and future of products and patents of the spherical robot.

Conclusion:
According to different driving modes, the spherical robot with centroid deviation can
be divided into single pendulum drive, double pendulum drive, trolley drive, rolling body drive, and
multi mass block drive. Among them, single pendulum drive, trolley drive, and rolling element
drive are the most studied. At present, the structures of products and patents are similar, and the research
direction has shifted from innovation to optimization.