bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidural Analgesia as a Part of Combined Anesthesia during Abdominal Oncological Surgeries (Results of the Survey among the Russian Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators)
Authors: Smolin N. S. , Khrapov K. N. , Miroshkina V. M. 
Published: August 2022

The objective: to analyze the contemporary specific parameters of intraoperative management of epidural analgesia (EA) in combined anesthesia in abdominal oncological surgeries in different medical organizations of Russia.Subjects and Methods. The data necessary for analysis and statistical processing were obtained by developing a formalized questionnaire (21 questions, some of which with the possibility of choosing several answers at the same time – multiple choice), published on the official website of the Association of Anesthesiologists-Resuscitators (https://association-ar.ru/). The survey lasted for 16 days (from May 23, 2022 to June 7, 2022). The survey results were collected using the Google Forms online service and processed using the Google Spreadsheets. Multiple choice responses were processed as absolute numbers and presented as a percentage of the total number of responses to a particular question.Results. The total number of respondents who took part in the survey was 217 specialists from various medical organizations, mostly from the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation (34.1%) with more than 15 years of expertise in the specialty (44.7%). According to the survey results, the following specific features of EA during combined anesthesia practice in Russia have been identified: most participants perform EA in the sitting position (63.6%); ropivacaine is the drug of choice among local anesthetics (LA) (84.2%); as a rule, EA is initiated prior to incision (69.6%). During open surgical interventions, 44.7% use a combined EA method (continuous infusion and bolus injection – bolus-based mode), while during laparoscopic surgeries there is no preferred method (combined method – 33.1%; continuous infusion only – 35.5%; bolus injection only – 31.4%). Low concentrations of LA (0.2 ‒ 0.375%) combined with a low volume of administration (4‒10 ml for bolus, 4‒8 ml/h for infusion) are used more often both in open and laparoscopic surgeries. In most cases, achievement of effective EA is supported by lower doses of systemic opioid analgesics (65.4%). Insufficient degree of intraoperative analgesia is managed in different ways, such as using systemic opioids (68.7%), enhancing epidural analgesia (17.5%), and administration of non-opioid analgesics (13.8%).Conclusion. At present, there is no unified approach to the method of EA in combined anesthesia. The results of the survey showed the uncertainty of experts' opinions regarding the choice of LA concentrations for EA, the rate and volume of its administration into the epidural space. Finding the optimal method of intraoperative EA in abdominal oncological surgery is the most important clinical objective in terms of reducing perioperative complications.
The Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety in Anesthesia – Russian Experience: a Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Kabanova T. A. , Degtyarev P. A. , Shkerdina M. I. , Kostikov A. P. , Khalimov M. Ya. , Tereschenko E. V. , Babaev M. A. 
Published: August 2022

The objective: to determine the quality of knowledges about the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety among Russian anesthesiologists and intensivists and how widely its vision and standards have been adopted in clinical practice.Subjects and Methods. The study design involved the creation of 44-item online and offline questionnaire. The questions were divided into three blocks: personal information, data on hospitals where respondents work, and questions about implementation of the Helsinki protocol in their practice. Some of the questions required open answers. Persons with higher medical education who have completed residency and/or internship in anesthesiology and resuscitation and are working in this field in the Russian Federation were invited to participate in the survey.Results. 140 (21.5%) respondents answered all the question of the questionnaire. Of those surveyed, 76.4% were familiar with the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety, but only 17.1% felt they had sufficient knowledge of the concept. 43.6% of the respondents apply the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety to their clinical practice, while 49.3% of the respondents had difficulty answering whether they follow the Declaration in their work or not. The study showed a satisfactory level of compliance with mandatory standards for monitoring in the perioperative period but all the EBA-recommended standards are applied in only 23% of the hospitals. 26.4% of the respondents use the Safe Surgery Checklist prepared by the World Health Organization. 58.6% of the respondents use the reporting/notification system for adverse events or critical conditions in the perioperative period.Conclusion. The survey has shown that many of the surveyed anesthesiologists and intensivists have good knowledge of the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety and successfully apply it to their clinical practice but some doctors do it unconsciously, not understanding what standards they follow. Organization of additional educational programs could help physicians to improve their knowledge and raise their awareness in order to provide safer patient care. We also suggest introduction of unified checklists and national reporting systems for adverse events or critical conditions in the perioperative period.
Avaliação técnica e econômica de sistema fotovoltaico conectado à rede, para aviário de frango de corte
Authors: Justina Natã Della , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Tokura Luciene Kazue , Villa Bruna de , Tokura Willian Isao , Silveira Vander Fabio , Rodrigues Hamom Ventura 
Published: August 2022

Com o mercado de frango em expansão, as empresas passaram a se preocupar com o aumento da eficiência do processo produtivo, dando espaço para a automação de aviários, para atender a demanda de mercado. Por outro lado, os sistemas de conforto automatizados utilizados na avicultura possuem grande demanda de energia elétrica, gerando um dos maiores custos da produção avícola brasileira. Diante do exposto, a utilização de sistemas renováveis de energia pode ser de grande importância para o setor avícola. Desta forma, foi objetivo do trabalho dimensionar e avaliar economicamente um sistema fotovoltaico ligado à rede para atender a demanda exigida pelos aviários de frango de corte, da cidade de Santa Izabel do Oeste - PR. Posteriormente ao dimensionamento do sistema, foi realizado o estudo da viabilidade econômica do mesmo, por meio dos valores disponibilizados pelas empresas do ramo, utilizando a técnica de payback para o estudo e avaliação da viabilidade econômica do sistema. Pelo dimensionamento da metodologia empregada obteve-se um sistema composto com 342 módulos de 270 Wp, policristalinos, com 3 inversores de 30 kWp. A viabilidade econômica mostrou um tempo de retorno de 4 anos, com uma TIR de 30,02%. Os resultados permitiram concluir que há uma boa viabilidade técnica e econômica para instalação do sistema.
Aplicação do modelo DPSIR (Drivers – Pressures – State – Impact – Response) com foco nas respostas tecnológicas para a redução dos gases de efeito estufa
Authors: Bartu Castilho Viana Gabriela , Jesús Olortiga Asencios Yvan 
Published: August 2022

As mudanças climáticas são um grande desafio da atualidade. Sabe-se que o aumento da concentração de gases de efeito estufa, especialmente o CO2, intensifica essa problemática. Esse aumento é decorrente de algumas atividades humanas, por exemplo, o consumo energético. Para entender essa relação causal, o presente estudo teve como objetivo aplicar o modelo de causa e efeito DPSIR (Drivers – Pressures – State – Impact – Response) com foco nas respostas tecnológicas que favorecem a redução da emissão do CO2 e a transformação do mesmo em produtos com valor agregado. Nesse caso, foi utilizado uma busca bibliográfica sistêmica nas bases de dados de artigos científicos. Com a aplicação do DPSIR foi possível visualizar de forma mais clara as forças motrizes que levam a emissão de CO2, pressões no meio ambiente, mudança de estados, impactos e por fim, as respostas tecnológicas. As principais abordagens tecnológicas identificadas foram a captura e armazenamento de carbono (CCS) bem como sua utilização (CCUS), sendo este último relacionado a reciclagem do CO2. Essa reciclagem pode ocorrer por diversas rotas químicas, como a fotocatálise de CO2 que apresenta grande vantagem por não necessitar de adição energética em seu processo e a outra rota é a hidrogenação do CO2 que permite obter uma variedade de produtos com finalidades energéticas distintas. Por fim, as mudanças climáticas são um desafio sistêmico que necessita de soluções seja do âmbito público, privado ou tecnológico que combinam e cooperam entre si, nesse sentido a aplicação do modelo DPSIR pode ser uma estratégia para os tomadores de decisão.
Regulatory Mechanisms of Vanillic Acid in Cardiovascular Diseases:
A Review
Authors: Lashgari Naser-Aldin , Roudsari Nazanin M. , Momtaz Saeideh , Abdolghaffari Amir H. , Atkin Stephen L. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of death globally. Activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways are contributory to the development of CVD. Pharmacological activities of vanillic acid have been investigated suggesting that they may have therapeutic utility clinically. Given its phenolic nature, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of vanillic acid have been shown to exert potent inhibitory activity against Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), Nod‐like receptor family protein (NLRP), Toll like receptors (TLRs), Mitogen-Activated Signaling Proteins (MAPK) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Vanillic acid has been shown to block pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress inflammatory cascades. The inhibitory impact of vanillic acid on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxygen synthase (iNOS) expression has also been demonstrated. Vanillic acid reduces oxidative-related markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Here, we review the cardioprotective effects and mechanisms of action of vanillic acid in CVD. Current potential applications of vanillic acid in CVD are discussed with respect to preclinical and clinical studies.
Determination of Traditional and Designer Benzodiazepines in Urine through
LC-MS/MS
Authors: Rossi Brian , Freni Francesca , Carelli Claudia , Moretti Matteo , Galatone Dario , Vignali Claudia , Morini Luca 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The detection of new designer benzodiazepines in biological fluids and tissues, together with the traditional ones, could represent an important analytical update for laboratories performing clinical
and forensic toxicological analysis.

Objective:
A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) has been developed, fully
validated, and applied to a cohort of real urine samples collected from patients under withdrawal treatment and
from intoxication cases.

Methods:
100 µL urines were added to a buffer solution containing deuterated internal standards; the samples
were then extracted through a liquid/liquid procedure, dried under a nitrogen stream, and reconstituted in mobile phase. The chromatographic separation was performed in reverse phase through a C18 column with gradient elution. Mass spectrometry operated in positive polarization and multiple reaction monitoring mode.

Results:
25 molecules were optimized for instrumental analysis: 9 designer benzodiazepines and 16 traditional
compounds (parent drugs and main metabolites). Sensitivity, specificity, linearity, accuracy, imprecision, recovery, matrix effects, and carry-over have been evaluated for all molecules. Only cinazepam did not satisfy all
acceptance criteria for validation. 10 among the 50 analyzed samples tested positive for at least one of the
monitored molecules. In particular, two different samples collected from the same case provided positive results
for flubromazepam, a designer benzodiazepine.

Conclusion:
The method was proven to be useful in detecting not only traditional benzodiazepines but also new
designer ones. The identification of a New Psychoactive Substance in real samples confirmed that analytical
procedures should be updated to include as many substances as possible.
Gender Matters. Sex-related Differences in Immunotherapy Outcome in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Caliman Enrico , Petrella Maria Cristina , Rossi Virginia , Mazzoni Francesca , Grosso Anna Maria , Fancelli Sara , Paglialunga Luca , Comin Camilla Eva , Roviello Giandomenico , Pillozzi Serena , Antonuzzo Lorenzo 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Emerging evidence identified sex as a variable regulating immune system functions and modulating response to immunotherapy in cancer patients.

Objective:
This retrospective study analysed sex-related differences in immunotherapy outcomes in a real-world population of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods:
We retrospectively investigated clinical data of 99 patients with advanced NSCLC and treated with single-agent nivolumab and pembrolizumab at Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi Universi-ty Hospital, Florence (Italy), between April 2014 to August 2019. Main clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes were analysed.

Results:
Our study showed that the efficacy of ICI treatment differed according to gender. A trend for better median progression-free survival (mPFS) was reported in males (mPFS 5.0 months, 95% Con-fidence Interval [CI] 4.0-11.0) than females (mPFS 4.5 months, 95% CI 2.0-9.0) (p=0.133), while no significant difference for overall survival (OS) between the two sex groups was observed (p=0.622). In the nivolumab cohort, we showed a statistically significant difference for a longer PFS in men compared to women (log-rank p=0.054), HR for PFS in females versus males was 1.81 (95% CI 0.97-3.37, p=0.062). Disease control rate (DCR) was achieved in 55.7% and 45.7% of men and women, respectively, while disease progression was registered in 44.3% of males and 54.3% of females (p=0.386).

Conclusions:
Gender is a variable that should be taken into account in the choice of immunotherapy. Future prospective randomized trials testing tailored sex-based immunotherapy strategies are required to validate our findings before integrating into clinical practice.
Recent Advances of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Agrawal Neetu , Sharma Manisha , Singh Shikha , Goyal Ahsas 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical health issue prevailing in nearly half a billion people worldwide. It is one of the most threatening metabolic diseases. Type 2 DM is caused due to insulin resistance and accounts for 90% of diabetes cases. If it remains untreated, it can lead to major frightening complications and can cause death, which ultimately threatens mankind.

Discussion:
Various oral hypoglycaemic drugs are available today, acting on different targets by adopting different pathways However, the α-glucosidase inhibitors proved to be a novel and effective strategy to manage T2DM. These inhibitors alleviate the postprandial glycemia by aiming to inhibit intestinal α-glucosidase competitively and reversibly, thus delaying carbohydrate digestion and turning down the rate of glucose absorption. Plenty of α-glucosidase inhibitors have been discovered from synthetic routes as well as from natural sources, including plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Conclusion:
This article comprises the natural and synthetic α-glucosidase discovered from 2016-2021 and can be utilized to discover novel α-glucosidase inhibitors further. This review is an endeavor to highlight the progress in the discovery and development of α-glucosidase inhibitors which could provide a low-height flying bird’s eye view to the medicinal chemists for the development of clinically viable drugs using this information.
Hydrazides and Hydrazones: Robust Scaffolds in Neurological and Neurodegenerative
Disorders
Authors: Agrawal Neetu , Mishra Raghav , Pathak Shilpi , Goyal Ahsas , Shah Kamal 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Hydrazides and hydrazones are found in a variety of bioactive compounds that
have a wide range of pharmacological applications. There have been significant advancements in this
field in recent years, with many new aspects of hydrazone chemistry and applications emerging.

Methods:
This piqued researchers' interest in synthesizing a variety of hydrazone derivatives for
various biological applications.

Results:
According to a comprehensive review of the literature, the hydrazone template possesses an
immense potential to be developed for the treatment of a variety of brain-related disorders. Thus,
researchers are expeditiously exploring the chemical compounds bearing hydrazone moiety to find lead
molecules for the development of potential agents for the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative
disorders.

Conclusion:
In this review, the biological activities of various hydrazide and hydrazone analogues
against various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders are summarized. Furthermore, there is a
great potential for this scaffold, which medicinal chemists should look into for the development of new
prospective drug candidates.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies, and In vitro Anticancer Evaluation
of Novel Tolfenamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Mehihi Abbas A. , Kubba Ammar A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Accumulating experimental evidence has demonstrated that tolfenamic acid (TA) has anticancer activity. TA has been shown to modulate the expression of several cancer-related genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as metastasis and angiogenesis.

Objective:
The current study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer activities of eight newly synthesized TA derivatives by conducting in silico molecular docking studies and in vitro biological evaluations to validate their VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitory activities.

Methods:
The novel TA derivatives (3A–F–5) were obtained by reacting TA hydrazide with substituted aldehydes, phthalic anhydride, and succinic anhydride, respectively. Spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the target molecules. Docking studies were performed to determine the binding patterns to the potential molecular target VEGFR-2, and these were compared with the results of the in vitro VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibition assay.

Results:
Our findings indicate that the newly synthesized compounds are cytotoxic, with compound 4 being the most potent. Additionally, all compounds inhibited VEGFR-2 TK activity, the EC50 value of compound 4 was nearly identical to that of the conventional VEGFR TK inhibitor sorafenib. SAR studies revealed that the presence of an aryl or a heteroaryl fragment attached to the hydrophilic linker (as found in compound 4) is crucial to the anticancer activity.

Conclusion:
The outcomes suggest that the isoindoline derivative (compound 4) is a good candidate for further investigation. The docking results provide evidence for a correlation between the experimental and predicted VEGFR-2 TK inhibitory activity. Moreover, ADMET studies indicate that all ligands have good pharmacokinetic properties.
Imaging of the Abdominal Wall Sinus Tract: Comparison of Computed
Tomography Sinography and X-Ray Sinography
Authors: Yan Yuchang , Du Xuechao , Sun Pengtao , Liu Sujun , Pan Zhenyu , Yang Shuo 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To clarify the comparative benefits of X-ray sinography and computed tomography (CT) sinography in assessing the abdominal wall sinus tract.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, patients in our hospital with an abdominal wall sinus tract who
had received both X-ray sinography and CT sinography from January 2018 to January 2021 were enrolled.
The intraoperative findings were used as the gold standard to calculate the accuracy of the two
methods. Kappa statistic was employed to evaluate the concordance between the two methods and the
intraoperative findings. Differences in diameters measured on X-ray sinography and CT sinography
images were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results:
The study sample consisted of 74 patients. The accuracy of the CT sinography in diagnosing
the extent of the sinus invasion was 85.1%, while the accuracy of the X-ray sinography was 59.5%. For
the sinus confined to the abdominal wall (Kappa: 0.783 VS 0.248), the sinus extending into the abdominal
cavity (Kappa: 0.734 VS 0.339), and the sinus with fistula formation (Kappa: 0788 VS 0.496),
the consistency of the CT sinography and surgery were significantly better than that of the X-ray sinography.
Diameters of the sinus tract measured on CT images were statistically larger than the diameters
measured on X-ray sinography (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
CT sinography has significant advantages to X-ray sinography in depicting the extent of the abdominal wall sinus tract and the presence of a fistula.
YARN Schedulers for Hadoop MapReduce Jobs: Design Goals, Issues and
Taxonomy
Authors: Kotikam Gnanendra , Selvaraj Lokesh 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Big Data processing is a demanding task, and several big data processing frameworks have emerged during recent decades. The performance of these frameworks greatly dependent on resource management models.

Methods:
YARN is one of such models which acts as a resource management layer and provides computational resources for execution engines (Spark, MapReduce, storm, etc.) through its schedulers. The most important aspect of resource management is job scheduling.

Results:
In this paper, we first present the design goal of YARN real-life schedulers (FIFO, Capacity, and Fair) for the MapReduce engine. Later, we discuss the scheduling issues of the Hadoop MapReduce cluster.

Conclusion:
Many efforts have been carried out in the literature to address issues of data locality, heterogeneity, straggling, skew mitigation, stragglers and fairness in Hadoop MapReduce scheduling. Lastly, we present the taxonomy of different scheduling algorithms available in the literature based on some factors like environment, scope, approach, objective and addressed issues.