bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redundant apodization for direct imaging of exoplanets
Authors: Leboulleux Lucie , Carlotti Alexis , N’Diaye Mamadou 
Published: February 2022

Context. Direct imaging and spectroscopy of Earth-like planets and young Jupiters require contrast values up to 106−1010 at angular separations of a few dozen milliarcseconds. To achieve this goal, one of the most promising approaches consists of using large segmented primary mirror telescopes with coronagraphic instruments. While they are able to reach high contrast at small angular separations, coronagraphs are highly sensitive to wavefront errors, however. The segmentation itself is responsible for phasing errors and segment-level vibrations that have to be controlled at a subnanometric accuracy.
Aims. We propose an innovative method for a coronagraph design that allows a consequent relaxation of the segment phasing and stability constraints for low segment-count mirrors and generates an instrument that is more robust to segment-level wavefront errors.
Methods. This method is based on an optimization of the coronagraph design that includes a segment-level apodization. This is repeated over the pupil to match the segmentation redundancy and improves the contrast stability beyond the minimum separation set by the single-segment diffraction limit.
Results. We validate this method on a Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT)-like pupil (seven circular segments) for two coronagraph types: apodized pupil Lyot coronagraphs, and apodizing phase plate coronagraphs. For the apodized pupil Lyot coronagraphs, redundant apodization enables releasing the piston phasing constraints by a factor of 5-20 compared to classical designs. For the apodizing phase plate coronagraphs, the contrast remains almost constant up to 1 radian RMS of the phasing errors. We also show that redundant apodizations increase the robustness of the coronagraph to segment tip-tilt errors, as well as to missing segment errors.
Conclusions. Redundant apodization enables reducing or even removing any constraints on the primary mirror segment phasing at the price of larger angular separations and lower throughputs. This method cannot be applied to higher-segment count mirrors such as the ELT or the TMT, but it is particularly suitable for low segment-count mirrors (fewer than ~20 segments) such as the GMT aperture. These mirrors aim for high-contrast imaging of debris disks or exoplanets down to 100 mas.
Interpolation of spectra from 3D model atmospheres
Authors: Bertran de Lis S. , Prieto Allende , Ludwig H.-G. , Koesterke L. 
Published: February 2022

Context. The use of 3D hydrodynamical simulations of stellar surface convection for model atmospheres is computationally expensive. Although these models have been available for quite some time, their use is limited because of the lack of extensive grids of simulations and associated spectra.
Aims. Our goal is to provide a method to interpolate spectra that can be applied to both 1D and 3D models, and implement it in a code available to the community. This tool will enable the routine use of 3D model atmospheres in the analysis of stellar spectra.
Methods. We have developed a code that makes use of radial basis functions to interpolate the spectra included in the CIFIST grid of 84 three-dimensional model atmospheres. Spectral synthesis on the hydrodynamical simulations was previously performed with the code ASSϵT.
Results. We make a tool for the interpolation of 3D spectra available to the community. The code provides interpolated spectra and interpolation errors for a given wavelength interval, and a combination of effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. In addition, it optionally provides graphical representations of the RMS and mean ratio between 1D and 3D spectra, and maps of the errors in the interpolated spectra across the parameter space.
The Impact of Work-related Stress on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Trust during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zanabazar Altanchimeg , Jigjiddor Sarantuya , Jambal Tsolmon 
Published: February 2022

One of the industries significantly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic is tourism. As a result of lockdowns, tourism came to a halt, which has caused severe damages not only to tourism-related business but also aviation, hospitality sector, which resulted in unemployment, reduced work hours with minimum salary or temporary leave and even closure the businesses.
As a result of the pandemic, 99 travel agencies liquidated their business activities and the revenues of 88 percent of the whole tourism sector reduced and 56 percent of employees were laid off.
This paper analyses the impact of Work-related stress on the job satisfaction and organizational trust in the tourism sector during the unprecedented changes related to the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted online in April-May, 2021 and involved 275 employees working for different travel agencies. Numerous tests are used to verify the proposed hypothesis, such as factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and PLS analysis.
The results of the survey show that the Work-related stress caused by Covid-19 pandemic has a negative impact on job satisfaction and organizational trust among surveyed employees.
Bridging unter Antikoagulation und Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung
Authors: Altiok Ertunc , Almalla Mohammad 
Published: February 2022

AbtractWhen bridging anticoagulation, the risk of bleeding - compared to the thromboembolic risk - is often underestimated. Bridging is only indicated in case of high (and possibly moderate) thromboembolic risk. When bridging patients with indication for dual antiplatelet therapy, an interdisciplinary case discussion should take place to assess the risk.
NCCIH Priorities for Natural Products Research
Authors: Still Patrick , Chen Wen , Weber Wendy , Hopp D. Craig 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) is the lead agency within the U. S. federal government for complementary and integrative health research, which includes
natural products. Although NCCIH is one of the smaller components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), NCCIH funds a disproportionately high percentage of natural products research at
NIH. This stems from NCCIH being the only NIH grant issuing component that includes natural products as an explicit part of its mission. This perspective provides an overview of the NCCIH
mission and summarizes NCCIH funding priorities for natural products research across basic and mechanistic as well as clinical sectors. These priorities are guided by the recently released
NCCIH strategic plan. A primary element of this new plan is a focus on whole person health instead of the frequent focus on the treatment of diseases. The NCCIH focus on whole person health
includes how natural products and multicomponent therapeutic approaches, which often include natural products, can help move individuals towards health restoration and promotion.
Lateral Translation of the Patella in MPFC Reconstruction: A Biomechanical Study of Three Approaches
Authors: Cregar William M. , Huddleston Hailey P. , Shewman Elizabeth F. , Cole Brian J. , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether differences exist in preventing lateral patellar translation between three distinct medial patellofemoral complex (MPFC) reconstruction procedures at varying knee flexion angles. Six cadaveric knee specimens were dissected, potted, and placed in a customized jig for testing. Lateral patellar displacement was measured at intervals between 0 and 90 degrees of knee flexion using a tensile testing machine with a 20 N lateral force applied to the patella. Each specimen was tested with the MPFC intact, sectioned, and after each of the three reconstruction techniques: MPFL, hybrid, and medial quadriceps-tendon femoral (MQTFL) reconstructions. There was significantly increased lateral patellar displacement following MPFC sectioning when compared with the intact state in early degrees of flexion (10–30 degrees) (p < 0.05). All three reconstruction groups restored patella stability and reduced lateral patellar displacement following sectioning from 0 to 30 degrees of flexion (p < 0.05). When compared with the intact group, all three reconstruction groups demonstrated reduced patella translation at full knee extension, while the MPFL and hybrid reconstruction groups additionally demonstrated significant reduction in patella translation at 10 degrees of flexion (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the three reconstruction groups. This biomechanical study demonstrates the efficacy of three MPFC reconstruction techniques in patella stabilization following sectioning. Our results suggest that MPFL reconstruction may provide the most robust patella stabilization, whereas MQTFL reconstruction may be the most forgiving construct. This study suggests that MQTFL and hybrid reconstructions provide adequate resistance to lateral translation and may be used as an alternative to MPFL reconstruction.
A Novel Mutation of ORNT1 Detected in a Hyperornithinemia–Hyperammonemia–Homocitrullinuria Syndrome Child by Clinical Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Laochareonsuk Wison , Osatakul Seksit , Intusoma Utcharee , Maneechay Wanwisa , Sangkhathat Surasak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHyperornithinemia–hyperammonemia–homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome, an inborn error of metabolism, is an inherited syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SLC25A15, resulting in ornithine translocase1 (ORNT1) deficiency. Disrupted ornithine transportation in an affected individual usually manifests with the accumulation of intermediate metabolites, leading to neurological impairment, hepatitis, and/or protein intolerance at various ages of onset. In this paper, we report a compound heterozygous mutation in SLC25A15 from a 2-year-old girl who presented with neurological alterations and hepatic failure. Before developing neurological sequelae, she had signs of globally delayed development. The accumulation of toxic metabolites may explain these neurological consequences. After biochemical confirmation of HHH, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed, which identified mutations at codons 21 and 179 of SLC25A15 that are predicted to result in the loss of function of ORNT1. Each of the mutations was found to be inherited from one of her parents. After therapy, her toxic metabolites decreased significantly. In conclusion, HHH syndrome frequently manifests with nonspecific symptoms and unapparent biochemical profiles, which may lead to delayed diagnosis. Correction of the accumulating metabolites is necessary to prevent irreversible neurological impairment. Furthermore, performing a WES provides a shortcut for accurate diagnosis.
Inflammatory Biomarkers for Children with Sleep Disorders: A Review
Authors: Prabhu Nagashree , Shetty Vabitha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a highly prevalent problem in children. Unfortunately sleep disorders in children remain largely unreported and underdiagnosed due to various reasons. Overnight in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard diagnostic method for OSA; however, it has several drawbacks. Hence there is a need for simple alternative diagnostic methods, such as biomarkers. Children with OSA seem to have an inflammatory aspect to its pathophysiology; thus the rationale for evaluating inflammatory biomarkers.Objective This narrative review aimed to evaluate the existing knowledge regarding inflammatory biomarkers for children with sleep disorders.Materials and Methods An extensive search of all literature linked to the topic was performed in PubMed, Medline, EBSCOhost, Cochrane library database CENTRAL, and Google Scholar search engine. Keywords used in the search included combinations of the following: inflammation, sleep disorders, children, and biomarkers. Studies in the list of references of relevant literature were also included. A total of 155 articles published in the period from 1997 to 2021 were initially included in this review. Selected articles comprised original research, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews.Results Studies have mainly centered their investigations on serum inflammatory biomarkers, namely interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein. Very few studies investigated salivary inflammatory biomarkers in children.Conclusion Evidence suggests that children with sleep disorders have elevated levels of salivary as well as serum inflammatory biomarkers in comparison to normal healthy children. Also increased levels of these biomarkers correlate with disease severity. However, more studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of salivary inflammatory biomarkers for children with sleep disorders.
Presence of Resistant DEC Strains in a Tertiary Healthcare Center in North East India in Children under 18 Years
Authors: Prasad Abhijit Kumar , Lyngdoh Wihiwot Valarie , Devi Thigujam Surbala , Durairaj Elantamilan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Diarrheal illness such as diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), apart from rotavirus, is a common etiological agent known to cause moderate-to-severe diarrhea in low-income countries where unregulated use of antibiotics is rampant, giving rise to multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. This study is an earnest effort in reflecting the resistance pattern in such isolates.
Materials and Methods It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 1 year (January to December, 2015). Children aged less than 18 years presenting with (n = 170) and without (n = 47) diarrhea were included as cases and controls, respectively. Fresh stool sample from eligible participants was collected and inoculated on MacConkey agar. Based on the colony morphology and biochemical identification followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), different pathotypes of DEC were identified. All such isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing employing VITEK 2 identification system. The result of the tested antibiotics was evaluated as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2015 guidelines.
Results DEC with specific virulence genes were detected by multiplex real-time PCR in 39 and 3 children with or without diarrhea, respectively. Most common DEC pathotypes found were enteroaggregative E. coli (38%) followed by enteropathogenic E. coli (28.5%). MDR isolates comprised 35 of 42 DEC pathotypes (83.3%). Resistance among DEC pathotypes to ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, nalidixic acid, imipenem, and cotrimoxazole was found to be statistically significant in comparison to non-DEC isolates.
Conclusion This study has highlighted the increased prevalence of MDR strains among DEC pathotypes. Looking for these isolates will help detect dreadful DEC pathotypes like enterohemorrhagic E. coli where early administration of a sensitive antibiotic will go a long way in preventing complication like hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Role of (1-3)-Β-D-Glucan Test in the Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections among High-Risk Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sandhar Tanureet Kaur , Chhina Deepinder Kaur , Gupta Veenu , Chaudhary Jyoti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are associated with high mortality. Serum fungal biomarkers offer an advantage over the traditional methods in early diagnosis and better clinical outcomes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of (1–3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) assay in the patients suspected of IFI.
Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, over a period of 1 year. A total of 862 serum samples were received from patients suspected of IFI, for the BDG test (Fungitell, Associates of Cape Cod Inc., USA). The test was performed as per kit protocol. Appropriate samples were processed for KOH fungal smear and fungal culture. Blood culture was done by Bactec (Biomerieux).
Statistical Analysis Results were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated at different cutoffs. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using SPSS 21.00 software was calculated and the diagnostic accuracy was shown by the area under the ROC curve (AUC).
Results Among 862 patients, 546 (63.3%) were males. The predominant age group (25.6%) was between 61 and 70 years. The most common risk factor (54.8%) was prolonged intensive care unit stay. Out of the total samples, 455 (52.8%) samples were found positive for BDG. Fungal elements were seen in 48 (10.5%) KOH smears and fungal growth was obtained in 81 (17.8%) cultures. Comparison of BDG assay and culture at different cutoffs yielded AUC—0.823. Sensitivity (100%), specificity (51.3%), accuracy (55.6%), PPV (15.8%), and NPV (100%) were observed at the kit cutoff of 80 pg/mL. Optimum sensitivity and specificity of 79.2% and 70.3%, respectively, were observed at a cutoff of 142.4pg/mL. A significant correlation was observed between BDG positivity and piperacillin–tazobactam use and dialysis. Among BDG positive patients, 38(8.4%) succumbed to death.
Conclusion Detection of BDG helps in the early diagnosis of IFI in critically ill patients. As the assay has a high NPV, a negative test can be used to stop the empirical antifungal drugs. The use of a higher cutoff can be useful to avoid false-positive results.
Predicting Hospital Readmissions from Health Insurance Claims Data: A Modeling Study Targeting Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing
Authors: Gerharz Alexander , Ruff Carmen , Wirbka Lucas , Stoll Felicitas , Haefeli Walter E. , Groll Andreas , Meid Andreas D. 
Published: February 2022

Background Numerous prediction models for readmissions are developed from hospital data whose predictor variables are based on specific data fields that are often not transferable to other settings. In contrast, routine data from statutory health insurances (in Germany) are highly standardized, ubiquitously available, and would thus allow for automatic identification of readmission risks.
Objectives To develop and internally validate prediction models for readmissions based on potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in six diseases from routine data.
Methods In a large database of German statutory health insurance claims, we detected disease-specific readmissions after index admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack or atrial fibrillation (S/AF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and osteoporosis (OS). PIP at the index admission was determined by the STOPP/START criteria (Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions/Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment) which were candidate variables in regularized prediction models for specific readmission within 90 days. The risks from disease-specific models were combined (“stacked”) to predict all-cause readmission within 90 days. Validation performance was measured by the c-statistics.
Results While the prevalence of START criteria was higher than for STOPP criteria, more single STOPP criteria were selected into models for specific readmissions. Performance in validation samples was the highest for DM (c-statistics: 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66–0.70]), followed by COPD (c-statistics: 0.65 [95% CI: 0.64–0.67]), S/AF (c-statistics: 0.65 [95% CI: 0.63–0.66]), HF (c-statistics: 0.61 [95% CI: 0.60–0.62]), AMI (c-statistics: 0.58 [95% CI: 0.56–0.60]), and OS (c-statistics: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.47–0.56]). Integrating risks from disease-specific models to a combined model for all-cause readmission yielded a c-statistics of 0.63 [95% CI: 0.63–0.64].
Conclusion PIP successfully predicted readmissions for most diseases, opening the possibility for interventions to improve these modifiable risk factors. Machine-learning methods appear promising for future modeling of PIP predictors in complex older patients with many underlying diseases.
Design and study of an integral valve piezoelectric pump with a novel working mode
Authors: Zhang Zheng , He Lipeng , Zhou Jianwen , Hou Yi , Hu Dianbin , Cheng Guangming 
Published: February 2022

In this paper, an integral valve is proposed by connecting the inlet cantilever valve and the outlet cantilever valve with a connecting post and a rubber circle plate structure. The integral valve changes the traditional inlet cantilever valve and outlet cantilever valve to work independently and realizes the joint response of the inlet cantilever valve and the outlet cantilever valve. The integral valve was designed, manufactured, and installed, and the performance of the static experimental test equipment of the valve and that of the experimental equipment of the piezoelectric pump were evaluated. The static performance of the integral valve was tested. In addition, the performance of the integral valve piezoelectric pump and the cantilever valve piezoelectric pump was tested and compared. The experimental results show that the integral valve piezoelectric pump reaches up to 270.2 ml/min at 210 Vrms, 45 Hz; the pressure can reach 86.2 cmH2O at 40 Hz. Compared to cantilever valves, integral valves have less forward flow resistance and better reverse shutoff. In particular, the pressure of the integral valve piezoelectric pump can be significantly improved compared to the cantilever valve piezoelectric pump. In terms of efficiency, the integrated valve piezoelectric pump will have better performance in the low-frequency region.
Consciousness is supported by near-critical slow cortical electrodynamics
Authors: Toker Daniel , Pappas Ioannis , Lendner Janna D. , Frohlich Joel , Mateos Diego M. , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh , Carhart-Harris Robin , Paff Michelle , Vespa Paul M. , Monti Martin M. , Sommer Friedrich T. , Knight Robert T. , D’Esposito Mark 
Published: February 2022

Significance
What changes in the brain when we lose consciousness? One possibility is that the loss of consciousness corresponds to a transition of the brain’s electric activity away from edge-of-chaos criticality, or the knife’s edge in between stability and chaos. Recent mathematical developments have produced tools for testing this hypothesis, which we apply to cortical recordings from diverse brain states. We show that the electric activity of the cortex is indeed poised near the boundary between stability and chaos during conscious states and transitions away from this boundary during unconsciousness and that this transition disrupts cortical information processing.
A distinct role of STING in regulating glucose homeostasis through insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion
Authors: Qiao Jingting , Zhang Ziyin , Ji Shuhui , Liu Tengli , Zhang Xiaona , Huang Yumeng , Feng Wenli , Wang Kunling , Wang Jianyu , Wang Shusen , Meng Zhuo-Xian , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The role of STING in maintaining glucose homeostasis remains unknown. Herein, using global and β-cell–specific STING knockout mouse models, we revealed a distinct role of STING in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through β-cells and peripheral tissues. Specially, while global STING knockout beneficially alleviated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance induced by high-fat diet, it surprisingly impaired islet glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Further analyses revealed that STING deficiency down-regulated expression of β-cell key transcription factor Pax6, impairing Pax6 nuclear localization and binding activity to the promoters of its target genes, including Glut2 and Abcc8, causing impaired GSIS. These data highlight pathophysiological significance of fine-tuned STING signaling in β-cells and insulin target tissues for maintaining glucose homeostasis.