bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bunching Onion Response to Three Floating Row Covers
Authors: Mansour N. S. , Hemphill Delbert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Green bunching onion (Allium cepa L.) is a high-value crop that is seeded nearly year around in western Oregon. Late winter and early spring plantings often result in unsatisfactory stands because of low soil temperatures, excessive precipitation, and soil crusting. A method to speed emergence and improve stands would benefit growers.
‘Lester’ Strawberry
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Draper A. D. , Maas J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Lester’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) was bred and selected to overcome a serious fault (red stele root rot susceptibility) of its productive, high-quality ‘Raritan’ parent, a major cultivar in the northeastern United States. ‘Lester’ offers strawberry growers of this region a cultivar that is resistant to red stele root rot, has attractive, good quality fruit, and ripens 2 to 3 days before ‘Raritan’. The cultivar was named for Lester W. Greeley of Farmington, N.H., who recently retired from the USDA, where he was associated with small grain, vegetable, and small fruit improvement programs for a period spanning more than 30 years. Greeley first noted the consistent plant and fruit production and high fruit recovery (often >90% marketable) of the selection later named in his honor.
B2566 Carrot Inbred
Authors: Simon P. W. , Peterson C. E. , Bassett M. J. , Strandberg J. O. , White J. M. , Rubatzky V. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flavor is an important factor in establishing consumer preference of carrots. Although harsh, strong flavor frequently occurs in available cultivars, the dominance of mild flavor in hybrids from harsh and mild parents suggests that carrot flavor can be improved rapidly when mild-flavored inbreds are available (1). Carrot inbred B2566 has been selected as a source of improved flavor and was used as a male parent in experimental hybrids tested in California, Florida, and Wisconsin. B2566 has demonstrated good combining ability for important fresh market characteristics of color, shape, and seed productivity along with desirable mild, sweet flavor and succulent texture. Because of these qualities, B2566 is being released jointly by the USDA, the Univ. of Florida, and the Univ. of California.
‘Orlando Seedless’ Grape
Authors: Mortensen J. A. , Gray D. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Orlando Seedless’, the first seedless grape with resistance to Pierce’s disease (PD), has been released by the Univ. of Florida (Fig. 1). It was developed from the grape breeding program at the Agricultural Research and Education Center in Leesburg (3). ‘Orlando Seedless’ is productive and long-lived in Florida, and was unaffected by the recent cold winters in Florida (− 10°C) that killed citrus and damaged muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia).
‘Southern Delite’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Jones Alfred , Dukes P. D. , Schalk J. M. , Hamilton M. G. , Baumgardner R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Southern Delite’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was developed jointly by the USDA and the South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. This cultivar has high yield and excellent baking qualities, in combination with high levels of resistance to a wide array of disease and insect pests.
Propagation of Fruit Trees by Tissue Culture in Italy
Authors: Fiorino Piero , Loreti Filiberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Clonal propagation of fruit trees and other plant species through tissue culture is based on the concept of cell totipotency first expressed by Virchow in 1858 (54) which derived from the cell theory that Schleiden proposed in 1838 (46). Technical problems made it impossible to put these ideas into practice, and more than a century passed before plants could be cultured in vitro. Plant tissue culture developed with the improvement of technology; thus, it has not been a revolution in theory but an evolution of techniques. The origins of plant tissue culture trace to studies by Haberlandt (14), who aseptically cultured single cells on a liquid medium supplemented with sugar. The cells remained alive, but were unable to proliferate.
Endo-, Para-, and Ecodormancy: Physiological Terminology and Classification for Dormancy Research
Authors: Lang Gregory A. , Early Jack D. , Martin George C. , Darnell Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plant dormancy has a major impact on the cultivation of plants, influencing such processes as seed germination, flowering, and vegetative growth. The diversity of plant tissues that exhibit, or contribute to the manifestation of, dormancy is great, and there appear to be numerous mechanisms of dormancy induction or release. This complexity was discussed by Romberger (55) nearly 25 years ago. Yet his analysis of the unresolved challenges in dormancy research is still valid today, for the overall understanding of dormancy is limited. This lack of understanding may be due, in part, to the abundance of terminology that has arisen without a nomenclatural framework in which to classify and relate the events being described.
Temperature Modification in Citrus Trees Through the Use of Low-volume Irrigation
Authors: Bourgeois Wayne J. , Adams Alvin J. , Oberwortmann Daniel H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low-volume sprinkler irrigation increased the mean trunk, mean scaffold limb, and mean canopy temperature 4.6°, 0.6°, and 0.8°C, respectively, higher than the nonirrigated trees of ‘Washington Navel’ orange (Citrus sinensis). Similar results were obtained with ‘Owari’ satsuma (Citrus unshiu) trees in that the mean trunk, mean scaffold limb, and mean canopy temperature was increased 3.9°, 1.7°, and 0.9°, respectively, higher than the nonirrigated trees. These results lend support that scaffold branch irrigation is effective as a method of freeze protection.
Canopy Position and Light Effects on Spur, Leaf, and Fruit Characteristics of ‘Delicious’ Apple
Authors: Barritt Bruce H. , Rom Curt R. , Guelich Kurt R. , Drake S. R. , Dilley Marc A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spur leaf and fruit characteristics at harvest were measured near the central leader at 1, 2, and 3 m above ground on 17-year-old trees of ‘Oregon Spur Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Percentages of full sunlight at 1 (bottom), 2 (middle), and 3 m (top) positions were 9, 23, and 48, respectively. Vegetative spurs at the top had greater average leaf dry weight, total leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight per spur, specific leaf weight (SLW), and bud diameter than spurs at the bottom. Fruiting spurs at the top had greater leaf dry weight, leaf dry weight per spur, SLW, bud diameter, and spur length than spurs at the bottom. Vegetative spurs had greater values than fruiting spurs for all spur traits except leaf number per spur. Fruit weight, size, and soluble solids were greater at the top than at the bottom. Fruit at the bottom had higher firmness and levels of starch, N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Fe, B, and Mg. SLW, leaf dry weight per spur, and average leaf dry weight of vegetative and fruiting spurs were correlated with percentage of full sunlight. Fruit size, weight, soluble solids, starch, and N content also were correlated with percentage of full sunlight. SLW was correlated with fruit size, weight, soluble solids, and starch, and N, P, Mg, Ca, and Fe content.
Some Factors Associated with Fruit Maturity Range in Cultivars of the Semi-erect, Tetraploid Thornless Blackberry
Authors: Takeda Fumiomi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Flowering occurred over a 5-week period in semi-erect, tetraploid thornless blackberries (Rubus spp.) (cvs. Black Satin, Hull Thornless, and Dirksen Thornless). The harvest durations were slightly longer. The terminal flower bud of the primary axis (A1) of the inflorescence was first to open, followed by the terminal flower bud on one of basal secondary axes (A2). Remaining terminal flower buds on A2 axes opened sequentially in acropetal direction at a constant rate (two flowers/day). However, bloom pattern of flower buds located laterally on A2 axes was less definite. Within a floricane, the bloom on the primary fruiting laterals began at the distal end and progressed basipetally to the cane base. Ripening sequence of berries in a cluster followed that of the bloom. The time difference in anthesis between fruiting laterals and among flower buds within inflorescences was a major factor affecting the range of fruit maturity.
Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Highbush Blueberry in Arkansas
Authors: Clark John R. , Riggs R. D. , Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil samples for a nematode assay were taken in 1983 within the root zone of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants in mature experimental and commercial plantings. Xiphinema americanum Cobb and Paratrichodorus christiei Allen were the predominant nematode species found. Nematode populations were not affected by cultivar. Mulched plots had significantly fewer P. christiei while X. americanum populations were similar in mulched and nonmulched plots.
Training Systems for Second-year Production of Fall-planted Strawberries
Authors: Caldwell J. D. , Grimes L. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Certified, fresh-dug plants of ‘Apollo’ and ‘Earlibelle’ strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were set in single plant rows on 23 Sept., 7 Oct., 21 Oct., and 5 Nov. 1982 at in-row spacings of 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 cm. After harvest in 1983, plants were mowed and maintained as hill rows or mowed or not mowed for conversion to matted rows. Crown number, leaves, inflorescences and flowers per crown, fruit size, and fruit number and yield were determined in Spring 1984. Mowing had no effect on yields of matted rows, which, except from the 23 Sept. set plants, were higher than hill rows. Hill rows produced larger fruit than matted rows, but the latter had higher fruit numbers and averaged 57 % more crowns per unit area. The 23 Sept. hill row yields were higher than later plantings, but original planting date had no effect on matted row yields. Fruit number of the three later plantings of both training systems and hill row yields decreased as plant spacing increased. ‘Apollo’ had higher yields and individual yield component values than ‘Earlibelle’ in both training systems.
Productivity in a Strip Tillage Vegetable Production System
Authors: Loy Sarah J. W. , Peirce L. C. , Estes G. O. , Wells O. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Strip tillage was evaluated over a 2-year period as a cropping system for sites unsuitable for conventional tillage. Yields in clean cultivation and in 0.5- and 1.1-m strips tilled in established grass or grass/clover sod were compared in 1982 for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and winter squash (Cucurbita maxima L.). Both interspecific and intraspecific competition were determined in 1983 for pepper. Squash yield was improved by a grass/legume sod, but pepper yield was unaffected. Both crops suffered severe competition in 1982 when grown in 0.5-m-wide strips, but yields per hectare in strips 1.1m wide equaled that in clean cultivation. In 1983, however, number of marketable fruit per hectare of marketable yield of pepper in 1.1-m strips was less than that in clean cultivated plots, although total number of harvested fruit did not differ. Both marketable and total pepper yields per hectare were significantly higher in clean cultivation in 1983 than in strips. Increasing the population density of pepper in the strip increased number of fruit harvested and total weight per hectare, and there was a significant benefit in using double rows. Competition in strips accompanying increasing population density seemed to be associated with increased water deficits.
UV-B Radiation and Photosynthetic Irradiance Acclimate Eggplant for Outdoor Exposure
Authors: Latimer Joyce Griffin , Mitchell Gary A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Treatment of greenhouse-grown eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum Nees. ‘Burpee's Black Beauty’) seedlings with supplemental photosynthetically active radiation from cool-white fluorescent lamps increased growth of plants subsequently transferred outdoors relative to growth of plants that received no supplemental radiation or were shaded to 45 % of solar irradiation in the greenhouse before transfer outdoors. Eggplant seedlings transferred outdoors were placed under plastic tarps either to provide relative protection from solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280-315 nm) using Mylar film or to allow exposure to UV-B using cellulose acetate. Protection of seedlings from UV-B radiation resulted in greater leaf expansion than for UV-B-exposed seedlings, but no change in leaf or shoot dry weight occurred after 9 days of treatment. Specific leaf weight increased in response to UV-B exposure outdoors. Exposure of eggplant to UV-B radiation from fluorescent sunlamps in the greenhouse also decreased leaf expansion and leaf and shoot dry weight gain after 5 days of treatment. However, there were no differences in leaf or shoot dry weight relative to control plants after 12 days of UV-B treatment, indicating that UV-B treated plants had acclimated to the treatment and actually had caught up with non-UV-B-irradiated plants in terms of growth.
Leaf Water Potential and Crop Color Change in Water-stressed Peas
Authors: Oosterhuis D. M. , Le Maire F. , Le Maire C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaf water potential (ψ) and crop color was investigated as water stress developed in the field. A technique was developed to measure pea leaflet ψ using a Scholander-type pressure chamber. The pressure chamber gave values similar to those of the screen-caged thermocouple psychrometer against which it was calibrated. The pressure chamber measured the decrease in associated with the green-to-blue change in crop color that occurs with the development of water stress. Use of crop color change offers an easily identifiable indicator of the onset of water stress that could, with further testing, be used in crop water management.
Acceleration of Sweet Corn Germination at Low Temperatures with Terra-Sorb or Water Presoaks
Authors: Sabota Cathy , Beyl Caula , Biedermann Jo Ann 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Early season sweet corn has a potentially greater market value than peak-season sweet corn. However, most sweet corn cultivars, especially the “super sweets”, do not germinate well at temperatures below 10°C. To determine if pregermination treatments could be an effective means to accelerate corn germination in cool soils, seeds were treated and then incubated at 4.4°, 7.2°, and 10.0°C. Treatments included seed presoaked in an aqueous preparation of Terra-Sorb GB (TS) or water for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr before incubation. The cooler the incubator temperature, the greater were the differences among water, TS, and control treatments. Pretreatments with TS over 48 hr are not practical if seeds are to be planted with a mechanical planter because the radicles are elongated to the point of potential damage. A 24-hr TS presoak offers the potential for early germination without prior radicle emergence, which would allow the seed to be mechanically sown.
Preplant Seed Treatment Effects on Growth and Yield of Chile Pepper
Authors: McGrady John J. , Cotter Donald J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pregerminated (PG) chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed was fluid-drilled in gels on three dates (early to late spring). Plants grown from PG seed emerged earlier than those from dry seed, and plant growth was enhanced (including earlier flowering), but the fruit yields were not affected. In the first planting date in cold soils, PG slowed emergence and the hypocotyls tended to coil within the gel. In a companion test, pre-soaking seed improved emergence, growth, and yield compared to plants from dry seed. Adding P to the soaking solution enhanced emergence, early plant growth, and plant P, but decreased fruit yields. Phosphorus added to the gel water of hydration increased seedling growth, but did not significantly affect fruit yields.
Effect of a Hydrophilic Gel on Seed Germination of Three Tree Species
Authors: Henderson Janet C. , Hensley David L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seeds of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), common honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.), and Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioica L.) were coated with an adhesive plus hydrophilic gel, adhesive only, or neither (control), planted in sand in the greenhouse, and then irrigated at 3-, 6-, or 9-day intervals. Percent germination of black locust seeds irrigated at 3-day intervals was decreased significantly with exposure to hydrophilic gel. Gel-coated Kentucky coffeetree seeds irrigated at 6-day intervals also had a percent germination significantly lower than those treated with adhesive alone, but germination of untreated seeds was not different from adhesive- or gel-coated seeds. No other significant difference in germination percentage was observed. Seedling heights and dry weights were not affected by seed treatment; however, decreased moisture availability because of longer time periods between irrigations tended to delay emergence and reduced seedling vigor.
Effect of Storage Duration and Temperature on Cut Anthurium Flowers
Authors: Paull Robert E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The optimum storage temperature for flowers of the ‘Kaumana’, ‘Nitta’, and ‘Ozaki’ cultivars of anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Andre) was between 14° and 17°C. A AgNO3 pulse (4 mm, 40 min) given immediately after harvest increased postharvest life of stored flowers but had no effect on flowers that were placed immediately in the vase. Maximum postharvest life was achieved with Ag+ treated flowers packed for 3 days. It was possible to store packed, untreated flowers for 9 days and still have 2 weeks of postharvest life before spadix browning, spathe blueing, or loss of spathe gloss became objectionable.
Effect of Spotted Tentiform Leafminer Injury on Ethylene Production and ACC Content in Apple Leaves
Authors: Kappel Frank , Proctor J. T. A. , Murr D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apple leaves (Malus domestica Borkh.) injured by spotted tentiform leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella F.) released significantly higher levels of ethylene than control leaves. Leaves with tissue-feeding mines released the most ethylene, about eight times as much as control leaves. Leaves with tissue-feeding mines did not have increased levels of ACC, while some leaves with sapfeeding mines had increased levels of ACC. Chemical name used: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC).
In Vitro Propagation of Borage
Authors: Janick Jules , Simon James E. , Whipkey Anna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro shoot proliferation of borage (Borago officinalis L.) was achieved in a basal medium based on Murashige and Skoog salts supplemented with 17.6 μm BA (4 mg·liter−1) plus 10% (v/v) coconut water. Rooting of in vitro-produced shoots occurred in basal media and increased in response to the addition of IBA. Rooted shoots were transferred successfully to soil. Immature zygotic embryos cultured in 4.5 μm 2,4-D (1 mg·liter−1) plus coconut water (CW) produce asexual embryos directly from the cotyledonary surface and indirectly from callus. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).
A Large Chamber for Controlled Freezing of Container-grown Plants
Authors: Johnson K. E. , Coston D. C. , Cain D. W. , Sites P. W. , Layne R. E. C. , Jackson H. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An inexpensive chamber for controlled freezing of large container-grown plants up to 2 m in height was constructed using liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant. A microcomputer-based system was developed to control the cooling sequence and to collect data on tissue temperature, air temperature, and exotherms. Versatile software was written that allowed the programmed rate of temperature drop to be based on either tissue temperature or air temperature.
Growth Regulator Effect on Growth and Flowering of Zantedeschia rehmannii hyb.
Authors: Tjia B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The recent availability of zantedeschia hybrids with large flowers of various colors has made zantedeschia a popular cut flower in New Zealand, Japan, and Europe. New Zealand zantedeschia breeders have developed hybrids that are free-suckering with multiple flowers, which makes them a potential potted plant. However, zantedeschia attain heights of 40 to 50 cm and are not aesthetically pleasing specimens grown in 15-cm containers without use of growth regulator chemicals.
WSU 28 and WSU 31 Pea Inbred Lines with Resistance to Specific Races of Fusarium Wilt
Authors: Haglund William A. , Anderson Wilbur C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
WSU 28 and WSU 31 are inbred lines of peas (Pisum sativum L.) with resistance respectively to races 1, 5, 6 and 1, 2, 5, 6 of Fusarium oxysporum (van Hall) Snyder. Hans, f sp pisi Schlecth. emend. Snyd. & Hans. (3,4). WSU 28 and WSU 31 also are used as differential inbred lines in the identification of races of F. oxysporum f sp pisi (6). WSU 28 was released by Washington State Univ. in 1976 and WSU 31 in 1980. Resistance to each of the races 1, 2, 5, and 6 of F. oxysporum f sp pisi is controlled by a single but different dominant gene (1, 3, 4, 6, 9). Races 1 and 2 occur in all growing areas of the world (5, 7, 8), but races 5 and 6 are major production constraints only in western Washington and southwest British Columbia (1, 2).
‘Sweet Red’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Collins Wanda W. , Moyer J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Sweet Red’ is a moist-type sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)] developed at North Carolina State Univ. in 1976. It was evaluated as NC727 in regional yield trials by the National Sweet Potato Collaborator Group in 1981 (observational test), 1982, and 1983 (advanced tests). The release of ‘Sweet Red’ provides the industry with a high-yielding, high-quality, red-skinned sweet potato.
Latest Developments in Training and Management of Fruit Crops on Tatura Trellis
Authors: van den Ende Bas , Chalmers David J. , Jerie Peter H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Tatura Trellis was developed from principles to overcome problems identified in existing cultural systems (2, 3, 6). For optimum early bearing and yield, we wanted a) a tree design that fills the allotted space quickly, resulting in optimum land use; b) a uniform and controlled distribution of leaves and fruit to improve light interception (16) and photosynthetic efficiency (5); c) an ordered branch and leaf array that diminishes light competition within and between trees, so as to minimize the effects of crowding that usually result from high plant densities, especially with peach trees; d) close planting to create root competition, thereby reducing vegetative vigor while increasing fruitfulness (4); and e) large tree numbers per hectare for high yields early in the life of the planting. In addition, we proposed that within the above constraints, the new system should be simple to mechanize. The requirements we considered important were f) an orchard with planar, though not necessarily horizontal or vertical, surfaces for easy positioning of machines and aids; g) a canopy under which machines can operate to recover fruit simply during harvesting, and over the canopy for summer pruning; h) a shallow canopy to decrease the chance of fruit striking limbs or other obstructions, which could damage the fruit after they were removed mechanically (30); i) a shallow canopy to increase penetration and coverage of protective sprays; and j) single limbs that repeat at regular intervals to simplify the positioning of mechanical devices.