bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive frontal intraosseous lipoma: Detection of the mosaic AKT1 variant discloses Proteus syndrome
Authors: Schmidt Julia , Bremmer Felix , Brockmann Knut , Kaulfuß Silke , Wollnik Bernd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProteus syndrome is a very rare disorder with progressive, asymmetrical, and disproportionate overgrowth of body parts with a highly variable phenotype. It is associated with mosaicism for the recurrent heterozygous somatic gain‐of‐function variant c.49G>A (p.Glu17Lys) in the protein kinase AKT1. We report on a girl with a progressive intraosseous lipoma of the frontal bone and additional, nonspecific features including mild developmental delay, strabism, and a limbal dermoid of the left eye. She did not fulfill the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of Proteus syndrome. However, mutation analysis of AKT1 in a lipoma biopsy revealed this specific activating variant. Several cases of progressive intraosseous lipoma of the frontal bone have been reported in the literature. Only in two of these observations, a tentative diagnosis of Proteus syndrome was made, based on additional clinical features, although without molecular‐genetic verification. We conclude that oligosymptomatic Proteus syndrome should be considered in progressive intraosseous lipoma, as recognition of this diagnosis has relevant implications for genetic counseling and opens novel treatment options with AKT1 inhibitors rather than surgical procedures.
Motives for the use of serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review
Authors: Basedow Lukas A. , Kuitunen‐Paul Sören 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIssuesSerotonergic psychedelics (SP) are psychoactive substances that produce unique sets of subjective effects, such as hallucinatory experiences. This systematic review is the first to summarise which motives for SP use have been assessed in medical, psychological, sociological and ethnological research across different types of SPs and across cultural backgrounds. Findings on use motives can be especially important in the context of harm reduction.ApproachWe searched academic databases (Medline, Web of Science and Embase) and included publications if they were peer‐reviewed and written in English, German, Spanish or Dutch. We analysed which type of motives were reported, comparing motives from quantitative and qualitative reports, and investigating associations between motives and year of publication, specific SPs and specific participant populations.Key FindingsOur search in November 2020 resulted in 30,257 unique articles of which 37 were included in the analysis. Across all studies, the most common motive for SP use was the desire to expand awareness (78% of included studies), followed by coping (67%) and enhancement (57%) motives. There were no statistically significant associations between reported motive and type of report (quantitative vs. qualitative), year of publication (range: 1967–2020), type of SP and participant population.ImplicationsIf SP‐related harms are to be reduced, harm‐reduction services could focus on providing non‐pharmacological ways of fulfilling an expansion motive. Additionally, future studies should aim to assess specific motives for specific SPs.ConclusionsSPs are most commonly used to expand (self‐)knowledge, promote spiritual development or for curiosity, notably across different SP user populations including patients.
COVID‐19 vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy among people with opioid use disorder in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Vallecillo Gabriel , Durán Xavier , Canosa Irene , Roquer Albert , Martinez Maria C. , Perelló Rafael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeople with substance use disorders are considered a priority group for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination as they are at elevated risk of COVID‐19 and its severe complications. However, data are scarce about vaccination coverage in a real‐world setting.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted in people with opioid use disorder (OUD) from three public centres for outpatient drug addiction treatment in Barcelona, Spain, who received brief medical advice and were referred to vaccination clinic sites.ResultsThree hundred and sixty‐two individuals were included: 277 (77%) were men with a mean age of 48.1 ± 8.9 years and 77% were Spanish. Most (90%) participants engaged in polysubstance use and all individuals were on opioid agonist therapy. Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 56% subjects and 32% individuals had ≥1 chronic disease, 30% had HIV and 13% hepatitis C. There were 258 fully vaccinated individuals (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 67, 76). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.08; P < 0.01) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.11, 2.5; P < 0.01) were associated with full vaccination. The vaccination hesitancy causes cited were complacency (53, 51%), convenience (40, 39%) and confidence (11, 10%).Discussion and ConclusionsMore than two‐thirds of our sample of people with OUD were fully vaccinated. Complacency and convenience represented a significant barrier to complete vaccination among people with OUD on opioid agonist therapy referred to vaccination clinic sites. Additional measures are necessary to increase vaccination, especially for younger individuals and those with less medical comorbidity. Integrating vaccination services in drug outpatient centres could be a useful alternative.
Anticipation across modalities in children and adults: Relating anticipatory alpha rhythm lateralization, reaction time, and executive function
Authors: Meredith Weiss Staci , Marshall Peter J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe development of the ability to anticipate—as manifested by preparatory actions and neural activation related to the expectation of an upcoming stimulus—may play a key role in the ontogeny of cognitive skills more broadly. This preregistered study examined anticipatory brain potentials and behavioral responses (reaction time; RT) to anticipated target stimuli in relation to individual differences in the ability to use goals to direct action (as indexed by measures of executive function; EF). A cross‐sectional investigation was conducted in 40 adults (aged 18–25 years) and 40 children (aged 6–8 years) to examine the association of changes in the amplitude of modality‐specific alpha‐range rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG) during anticipation of lateralized visual, tactile, or auditory stimuli with inter‐ and intraindividual variation in RT and EF. Children and adults exhibited contralateral anticipatory reductions in the mu rhythm and the visual alpha rhythm for tactile and visual anticipation, respectively, indicating modality and spatially specific attention allocation. Variability in within‐subject anticipatory alpha lateralization (the difference between contralateral and ipsilateral alpha power) was related to single‐trial RT. This relation was more prominent in adults than in children, and was not apparent for auditory stimuli. Multilevel models indicated that interindividual differences in anticipatory mu rhythm lateralization contributed to the significant association with variability in EF, but this was not the case for visual or auditory alpha rhythms. Exploratory microstate analyses were undertaken to cluster global field power (GFP) into a distribution‐free temporal analysis examining developmental differences across samples and in relation to RT and EF. Anticipation is suggested as a developmental bridge construct connecting neuroscience, behavior, and cognition, with anticipatory EEG oscillations being discussed as quantifiable and potentially malleable indicators of stimulus prediction.
Anisotropic cyclic plasticity modeling for additively manufactured nickel‐based superalloys
Authors: Jin Shengzhe , Sun Jingyu , Yuan Huang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe additively manufactured materials show anisotropic mechanical properties. In the present paper, a constitutive model for a nickel‐based superalloy made by selective laser melting was established to characterize cyclic mechanical behaviors under multiaxial loading conditions. Detailed material tests revealed that the effects from the building orientation decrease with multiaxial cyclic loads. A cyclic constitutive model based on the Hill criterion was introduced for the superalloy and considered the orthotropic mechanical properties depending on loading cycles. The computation confirms the model can reasonably simulate the cyclic elastic‐plastic behavior under non‐proportional complex loading conditions and provides an applicable method for engineering applications.
Edge tracing technique to study post‐necking behavior and failure in Al alloys and anisotropic plasticity in line pipe steels
Authors: Shokeir Zacharie , Besson Jacques , Belhadj Chiraz , Petit Tom , Madi Yazid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe recently developed edge tracing (ET) method allows to estimate the radial deformation in axisymmetric tensile specimens via analysis of digital images recorded during the experiments. Images are processed to detect the sample's contours and therefore estimate the minimal cross‐section diameter. This technique was mainly developed to characterize the plastic behavior well beyond the necking strain. The aim of this work is to apply the ET method to two novel case studies. Firstly, the post‐necking behavior and failure of a low ductility Al alloy are investigated. Low ductility alloys tend to fail brutally after reaching the maximum load. The major result is the capture of the sharp load drop which allowed to calibrate parameters of a GTN damage model. Secondly, the anisotropic elastic–plastic behavior of a “vintage” line pipe steel is characterized by a direct measurement of the Lankford coefficient. Assembled experimental data allowed to model the anisotropic plasticity beyond necking in different loading directions.
A randomized trial of ketorolac and metoclopramide for migraine in the emergency department
Authors: Richer Lawrence P. , Ali Samina , Johnson David W. , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Newton Amanda S. , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a common monotherapy (intravenous [iv] metoclopramide) compared to a combination strategy (adding iv ketorolac to metoclopramide) in children presenting for acute treatment of migraine headache in the emergency department (ED).MethodsChildren aged 5–17 years presenting for acute treatment of migraine headache at two pediatric EDs were enrolled in a double‐blind randomized controlled trial. Children were randomly assigned to receive iv metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg) and placebo or iv metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg) and ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg). The primary outcome was a mean change in pain from baseline to 120 min via a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Follow‐up was conducted 24‐h after discharge.ResultsFifty‐three children were randomized and included in the analysis (monotherapy group [metoclopramide + placebo], n = 27; and ketorolac group [metoclopramide + ketorolac], n = 26); mean age was 12.9 ± 2.7 years and baseline pain severity on VAS was 67.3 ± 2.7 mm. The mean change in pain intensity at 120 min was −44 mm (SD: 24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 32–57) for the monotherapy group and −36 mm (SD: 24; 95% CI: 23–49) for the ketorolac group, with a mean difference between groups of 8 mm (95% CI: −9–25; p = 0.360). Seventeen percent of the children (9/53; 95% CI: 7–27%) were pain‐free at discharge. There was no difference in headache recurrence or adverse events between groups.ConclusionsThe approach of combining iv metoclopramide with ketorolac failed to improve pain scores in children presenting for acute treatment of migraine headache in the ED compared to metoclopramide monotherapy. Most patients were discharged with residual pain. Further comparative studies are needed to test alternative ED treatments for migraine in children or adolescents.
Reduced expression of inflammasome complex components in cluster headache
Authors: Şahin Erdi , Karaaslan Zerrin , Şanlı Elif , Timirci Kahraman Özlem , Ulusoy Canan , Kocasoy Orhan Elif , Ekizoğlu Esme , Küçükali Cem İsmail , Tüzün Erdem , Baykan Betül 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe involvement of inflammation in the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH) has been suggested, with a role implied for interleukin (IL)‐1β. We aimed to measure peripheral blood expression levels of IL‐1β–inducing systems, the inflammasome complex, and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling, and investigate their values as putative biomarkers in CH.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study conducted in the Headache Unit of Istanbul University, Turkey, blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera were collected from 30 patients with episodic migraine, 4 with chronic CH, and 47 healthy individuals. Levels of inflammasome complex components (NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase 1, and ASC), end products of inflammasome complex activity (IL‐1β, IL‐18, and nitric oxide synthase isoforms), neuron‐specific enolase, other inflammatory factors (NF‐κB, HMGB1, and s100b), and anti‐inflammatory IL‐4 were measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsNLRP3 expression levels were significantly reduced in PBMC samples of patients with CH, obtained during CH attacks (n = 24) or headache‐free (out of cycle) episodes (n = 10). CH‐attack patients showed greater expression levels of IL‐1β (2−ΔΔCT median [25th–75th percentile], 0.96 [0.66–1.29 vs. 0.52 [0.43–0.73]) and NF‐κB (1.06 [0.66–3.00] vs. 0.62 [0.43–1.19]) in PBMCs but not in sera compared with headache‐free CH patients. However, these differences did not attain statistical significance (p = 0.058 and p = 0.072, respectively). Moreover, NLRP1 (52.52 [35.48–67.91] vs. 78.66 [54.92–213.25]; p = 0.017), HMGB1 (11.51 [5.20–15.50] vs. 13.33 [8.08–18.13]; p = 0.038), S100b (569.90 [524.10–783.80] vs. 763.40 [590.15–2713.00]; p = 0.013), NSE (11.15 [6.26–14.91] vs. 13.93 [10.82–19.04]; p = 0.021), nNOS (4.24 [3.34–12.85] vs. 12.82 [4.52–15.44]; p = 0.028), and eNOS (64.83 [54.59–91.14] vs. 89.42 [61.19–228.40]; p = 0.034) levels were lower in patients with three or more autonomic manifestations (n = 9). No correlation was found between inflammation factors and clinical parameters of CH.ConclusionOur results support the involvement of the IL‐1β system in attacks of CH. However, the components of the inflammasome complex are suppressed in the peripheral blood and do not appear to play a role in the pathophysiology of CH. These findings argue against a potential biomarker value of the inflammasome complex in CH.
Une mesure proportionnée face à la menace du COVID‐19? Le recours aux applications et autres outils de surveillance des salariés au regard des règles relatives à la protection des données de l'Union européenne
Authors: SUDER Seili , SIIBAK Andra 
Published: June 2022

RésuméLes autrices s'intéressent aux outils de suivi des contacts et autres dispositifs de surveillance utilisés par les employeurs pendant la pandémie. Elles se demandent s'ils sont bien compatibles avec les dispositions du Règlement général sur la protection des données de l'Union européenne. Rappelant que la relation de travail est par nature déséquilibrée, elles estiment que les législations nationales devraient mieux protéger le droit des salariés de refuser ces systèmes une fois la pandémie passée. En outre, quand la sécurité des travailleurs ne dépendra plus de ces outils, il faudra compléter les règles et orientations existantes pour éviter l'utilisation des informations collectées à mauvais escient.
The disproportionately large contribution of the Māori and Pacific Islander community to the healthcare burden of gout in Western Sydney
Authors: Wong Peter K. K. , Ng Beverly C. K. , Mitchell James , Han Joanne , Lam Cinda , Spencer David , Cai Ken , Manolios Nicholas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGout is a common chronic inflammatory disorder due to monosodium urate deposition, which results in severe inflammatory arthritis. It is particularly common in those of Māori or Pacific Islander heritage. There is a significant number of this at‐risk ethnic group in western Sydney.AimsTo determine the healthcare burden of gout in Western Sydney.MethodsWe characterised patients managed in the emergency departments (EDs) of the four Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD) hospitals and those admitted for gout as the primary or secondary diagnosis from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018.ResultsThere were 472 patients managed in ED on 552 occasions at a direct cost to the LHD of A$367 835. Those of Māori or Pacific Islander ethnicity comprised 25.2% (n = 119/472), while half (n = 39/80) of those managed in ED for gout on two or more occasions were of Māori or Pacific Islander ethnicity. Overall, 310 patients were admitted with gout as the principal diagnosis on 413 occasions at a cost of A$1.73 million. Seventy‐five (24.2%) of the 310 patients were of Māori or Pacific Islander heritage. A total of 584 WSLHD inpatients had gout as a secondary diagnosis. This was associated with 714 admissions.ConclusionsThe disproportionately large healthcare burden of gout in Western Sydney from the relatively small Māori and Pacific Islander population needs attention. Urgent culturally appropriate interventions to address gout are required to address this inequality.
Rituximab treatment for systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease: a case series of 13 patients
Authors: Morgan Kelly , Woollard Charlotte , Beinart Dylan , Host Lauren V. , Roddy Janet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of SSc, with a high mortality, despite current available treatments. Rituximab has shown some promising, although varied, results for the treatment of SSc‐ILD.AimsTo determine whether rituximab stabilised or improved pulmonary function at 12 months, in patients with SSc‐ILD.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients with SSc‐ILD who progressed despite conventional therapy and received rituximab between 2008 and 2019 was performed at two tertiary centres. Baseline percentage forced vital capacity (FVC) and percentage diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) were compared with 1‐year post the first dose of rituximab. Mean and median change in FVC (%) and DLCO (%) were calculated. For those with available data, the FVC (%) and DLCO (%) 2 years and 1 year prior to rituximab were compared with the change 12‐months post‐rituximab.ResultsThirteen patients were included in the analysis. All patients demonstrated stability in their pulmonary function testing at 1‐year post‐rituximab. The mean FVC (%) was 57.18 (±16.93 standard deviation (SD)) prior to rituximab and 59.75 (±18.83 SD) 12‐month post‐rituximab, demonstrating an increase of 2.57 (±4.70 SD; P‐value 0.07). The mean DLCO (%) increased from 37.10 (±18.41 SD) prior to rituximab to 38.03 (±19.83) post‐rituximab. The mean change in DLCO (%) was 0.93 (±5.05 SD; P‐value 0.53). In the 2 years preceding rituximab, the mean FVC (%) and DLCO (%) declined by 9.25 and 9.66 respectively.ConclusionThis case series suggests that rituximab might stabilise pulmonary function tests, and delay deterioration in patients with progressive SSc‐ILD. These findings add to the growing body of evidence suggesting a role for rituximab in the treatment of SSc‐ILD.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with orthotopic heart transplant: A multicenter case series
Authors: Maskoun Waddah , Raad Mohamad , Cha Yong‐Mei , Houmsse Mahmoud , Abualsuod Amjad , Ezzeddine Fatima , Pieper Justin , Jamoor Khaled , Tita Cristina , Miller John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) is common after orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). No clear guidelines for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation in OHT patients at high risk for SCD currently exist.ObjectivesTo assess the safety, efficacy, and benefit of ICDs and resynchronization therapy post‐OHT. We also provide a systematic review of previous reports.MethodsA retrospective multicenter cohort study within the United States. Patients with ICD post‐OHT between 2000 and 2020 were identified.ResultsWe analyzed 16 patients from 4 centers. The mean standard‐deviation (SD) age was 43 (18) years at OHT and 51 (20) years at ICD implantation. The mean (SD) duration from OHT to ICD implantation was 9 (5) years. The mean (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 35% (17%). There were 2 (13%) postprocedural complications: 1 hematoma and 1 death. Mean (SD) follow‐up was 24 (23) months. Survival rate was 63% (10/16) at 1 year and 56% (9/16) at 2 years, with 6/7 of those who died having LVEF < 35% at the time of the ICD implantation. Patients were more likely to receive appropriate therapy if their ICD was implanted for secondary (5/8) rather than primary (0/8) prevention (p = .007). Of those who did, 4 patients survived to 30 days post‐ICD therapy. Severe CAV was not associated with the rate of appropriate therapy.ConclusionsBeneficial outcomes were observed when ICDs were implanted for secondary prevention only, and in patients with higher baseline LVEF. We also observed benefits with resynchronization therapy.
STAT3 suppresses the AMPKα/ULK1‐dependent induction of autophagy in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Bhattacharya Sujoy , Yin Jinggang , Yang Chuanhe , Wang Yinan , Sims Michelle , Pfeffer Lawrence M. , Chaum Edward 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite advances in molecular characterization, glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common and lethal brain tumour with high mortality rates in both paediatric and adult patients. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important oncogenic driver of GBM. Although STAT3 reportedly plays a role in autophagy of some cells, its role in cancer cell autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we found Serine‐727 and Tyrosine‐705 phosphorylation of STAT3 was constitutive in GBM cell lines. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in GBM cells suppresses autophagy, whereas knockout (KO) of STAT3 increases ULK1 gene expression, increases TSC2‐AMPKα‐ULK1 signalling, and increases lysosomal Cathepsin D processing, leading to the stimulation of autophagy. Rescue of STAT3‐KO cells by the enforced expression of wild‐type (WT) STAT3 reverses these pathways and inhibits autophagy. Conversely, expression of Y705F‐ and S727A‐STAT3 phosphorylation deficient mutants in STAT3‐KO cells did not suppress autophagy. Inhibition of ULK1 activity (by treatment with MRT68921) or its expression (by siRNA knockdown) in STAT3‐KO cells inhibits autophagy and sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 play critical roles in STAT3‐dependent autophagy in GBM, and thus are potential targets to treat GBM.