bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching to Non-daily Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia: Implications for Improving Knowledge, Safety, and Uptake
Authors: Philpot Steven P. , Murphy Dean , Chan Curtis , Haire Bridget , Fraser Doug , Grulich Andrew E. , Bavinton Benjamin R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) dosing options such as event-driven PrEP hold promise to increase PrEP uptake among gay, bisexual, and queer men (GBQM), but their impacts have not yet been realized and uptake by GBQM suitable for PrEP remains slow in countries where it is only considered an alternative option to daily PrEP.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews between June 2020 and February 2021 with 40 GBQM in Australia to understand PrEP dosing behaviors, knowledge, and preferences.

Results
All participants commenced PrEP daily; 35% had ever switched to non-daily PrEP, mostly taking it event-driven. GBQM who preferred non-daily PrEP had infrequent or predictable sex, were concerned about cost given infrequency of sex, and/or wanted to minimize unnecessary drug exposure. Accurate knowledge of event-driven PrEP was poor. However, reflecting concepts underpinning critical pedagogy, having accurate knowledge was supported by access to consistent messaging across clinical, social, community, and public settings. Several participants who switched to event-driven PrEP had condomless sex events in which they were unable to adhere to pills due to unanticipated sex.

Conclusions and Policy Implications
Implementation of comprehensive and consistent education about correct dosing for event-driven PrEP across multiple settings is needed to ensure increased uptake and safe use. GBQM require messaging about non-condom based HIV prevention strategies when they cannot access daily or event-driven PrEP.
Aquaculture Production and Value Chains in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Nesar , Azra Mohamad N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on aquaculture input supply, production, distribution, and consumption.

Recent Findings
The COVID-19 pandemic–related lockdowns, social distancing, supply chain disruptions, and transport restrictions affect seafood production, distribution, marketing, and consumption. Recommendations are suggested to overcome these challenges.

Summary
The COVID-19 has led to disruption of aquaculture practices worldwide. The pandemic has adversely affected the aquaculture input supply of fish stocking and feeding, which, in turn, has impacted aquaculture production. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis has had adverse effects on value addition to aquaculture products, through the restrictions of seafood marketing and exporting. Aquatic food production is vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 outbreak; hence, adaptation strategies must be developed to cope with the challenges. There is an urgent need for collaboration among key stakeholders to rebuild the supply chain of inputs and fish marketing for sustainable aquaculture practices. International agencies, donors, government and non-governmental organizations, researchers, and policymakers need to develop policies to support aquaculture production and supply chains.
Overconfidence in the art market: a bargaining pricing model with asymmetric disinformation
Authors: Angelini Francesco , Castellani Massimiliano , Zirulia Lorenzo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a Nash bargaining model of price formation in the art market. Agents can be naïve, if they are overconfident and either overestimate artistic quality or underestimate their uncertainty of artistic quality, or sophisticated, if they correctly use all the available information. Overconfidence turns out to have a positive impact on both the price and the average quality of the artworks traded in the market. The impact of overconfidence on expected quality is weaker than the corresponding price increase, so sellers overcharge buyers. In addition, the buyer’s (seller’s) overconfidence has a positive (negative) impact on the likelihood of trade. If many pairs of agents may bargain simultaneously, we find that seller’s market power is negatively affected by the number of sellers and positively affected by the number of buyers. If sophisticated and naïve buyers coexist, naïve buyers exert a negative externality on the sophisticated ones, increasing the price the latter pay.
Seeking the real item difficulty: bias-corrected item difficulty and some consequences in Rasch and IRT modeling
Authors: Metsämuuronen Jari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen the response pattern in a test item deviates from the deterministic pattern, the percentage of correct answers (p) is shown to be a biased estimator for the latent item difficulty (π). This is specifically true with the items of medium item difficulty. Four elements of impurities in p are formalized in the binary settings and four new estimators of π are proposed and studied. Algebraic reasons and a simulation suggest that, except the case of deterministic item discrimination, the real item difficulty is almost always more extreme than what p indicates. This characteristic of p to be biased toward a medium-leveled item difficulty has a strict consequence to item response theory (IRT) and Rasch modeling. Because the classical estimator of item difficulty p is a biased estimator of the latent difficulty level, the item parameters A and B and the person parameter θ within IRT modeling are, consequently, biased estimators of item discrimination and item difficulty as well as ability levels of the test takers.
The choanal anatomy of theSebecus icaeorhinusSimpson, 1937 and the variation of the palatine shape in notosuchians (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia)
Authors: Bravo Gonzalo Gabriel , Pol Diego , Armella Matías Alberto , Gómez Kevin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSebecidae is a clade of large carnivorous crocodyliforms that thrived in the Cenozoic and is the only lineage of the diverse and terrestrial group Notosuchia that survived the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event.Sebecus icaeorhinusis the best-known taxon from this clade, both in terms of its cranial and postcranial anatomy (known primarily from the holotype and specimen MPEF-PV 1776, respectively). Additional material represented by a partial skull (MMP 235) is the only specimen that has preserved a complete choanal region. We describe new information from this specimen based on an X-ray computed tomography and identify through comparisons with other taxa a large degree of variability in the palatal anatomy within Sebecidae, in particular in the shape and extension of the palatine (the bone that defines the anterior position and shape of the secondary choana). We quantify variation in the shape of the palatine bone of sebecids through a 2D morphogeometric analysis within the context of notosuchian crocodyliforms. Although traditional accounts of palatal evolution in crocodyliforms linked variation of this structure to the adaptation to the aquatic environment, our analysis allows recognition of eight palatine morphotypes among terrestrial crocodyliforms with very distinct paleoecological traits, including carnivorous, omnivorous, and possibly herbivorous taxa. Furthermore, we show that sebecids had a higher morphological disparity in the choanal region than other terrestrial groups of Notosuchia, underscoring the importance of this region for comparative, morphofunctional, and phylogenetic studies.
The Holocaust Museum of Greece, Thessaloniki: In Whose Memory?
Authors: Karasová Nikola , Králová Kateřina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores the political and discursive framing of the emerging project Holocaust Museum of Greece (HMG) based in Thessaloniki (announced in 2013). As an “in situ” Holocaust museum, the HMG could represent an important step toward recognizing Jewish suffering in a country where—compared with the rest of Europe—unprecedentedly high levels of antisemitic attitudes have been recorded over the past decade. Supported by a qualitative media analysis and supplemented with data from our online survey, we explore how HMG stakeholders and potential local visitors reflect on the project. Occurring amid contemporary endeavors in Holocaust commemoration and Greek-German reconciliation, we connect it with their persistence in combating far-right tendencies and antisemitism. Specifically, we investigate whose memory HMG stakeholders aim to display, how they reflect on dominant Greek historical narratives and whether they express a clear memory commitment and a genuine effort to produce a more integrated historical interpretation of the Holocaust in Greece.
Conservation value of vanilla agroecosystems for vertebrate diversity in north-east Madagascar
Authors: Hending Daniel , Andrianiaina Angelo , Rakotomalala Zafimahery , Cotton Sam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a result of increasing global demand for food, large areas of natural habitat are being converted to agroecosystems to accommodate crop cultivation. This agricultural expansion is most prominent in the tropics, where many rural communities are dependent solely on farming income for their livelihoods. Such agricultural land conversion can have severe implications for local fauna. In this study, we compared vertebrate species diversity between natural forest habitat and three types of vanilla plantations maintained under varying management regimes in north-east Madagascar. We used diurnal and nocturnal transects to survey vertebrate diversity. Natural forest habitat contained the greatest vertebrate species diversity, and had proportionally more threatened and endemic species than all vanilla plantation types. However, we observed a greater number of species and a higher inverse Simpson index in minimally managed vanilla plantations located within or near natural forest compared to intensively managed vanilla plantations. These findings are important and encouraging for animal conservation and sustainable crop cultivation in Madagascar, and suggest that newly created vanilla plantations, and already existing plantations, should endeavour to follow the more traditional, minimalistic management approach to improve sustainability and promote higher faunal diversity.
Hidden in plain sight: novel molecular data reveal unexpected genetic diversity among paramphistome parasites (Digenea: Paramphistomoidea) of European water frogs
Authors: Benovics Michal , Mikulíček Peter , Žákovicová Zuzana , Papežík Petr , Pantoja Camila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParasites might represent a helpful tool in understanding the historical dispersion and phylogeography of their hosts. In order to reveal whether the migration routes and diversification of hosts can be traceable in the genetic structures of their parasites, we investigated the diversity of paramphistomoid trematodes of Pelophylax frogs in 2 geographically distant European regions. Water frogs belonging to the genus Pelophylax represent a striking example of a species with a high variety of ecological adaptations and a rich evolutionary history. The parasites were collected from 2 Balkan endemic species, P. epeiroticus and P. kurtmuelleri, and 2 species in Slovakia, P. esculentus and P. ridibundus. While in Slovakia, Pelophylax frogs harboured 2 species, the diplodiscid Diplodiscus subclavatus and the cladorchiid Opisthodiscus diplodiscoides, only the former was recorded in the south-western Balkans. Remarkably high genetic diversity (16 unique mitochondrial cox1 haplotypes, recognized among 60 novel sequences) was observed in D. subclavatus, and subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed a strong population-genetic structure associated with geographical distribution. We also evidenced the existence of 2 divergent D. subclavatus cox1 haplogroups in the south-western Balkans, which might be associated with the historical diversification of endemic water frogs in the regional glacial microrefugia.
Multi-modal assessment of reward functioning in adolescent anhedonia
Authors: Murray Laura , Israel Elana S. , Balkind Emma G. , Pastro Brianna , Lovell-Smith Nathaniel , Lukas Scott E. , Forbes Erika E. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Webb Christian A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnhedonia is a core symptom of depression that predicts worse treatment outcomes. Dysfunction in neural reward circuits is thought to contribute to anhedonia. However, whether laboratory-based assessments of anhedonia and reward-related neural function translate to adolescents' subjective affective experiences in real-world contexts remains unclear.MethodsWe recruited a sample of adolescents (n = 82; ages 12–18; mean = 15.83) who varied in anhedonia and measured the relationships among clinician-rated and self-reported anhedonia, behaviorally assessed reward learning ability, neural response to monetary reward and loss (as assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging), and repeated ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) in daily life.ResultsAnhedonia was associated with lower mean PA and higher mean NA across the 5-day EMA period. Anhedonia was not related to impaired behavioral reward learning, but low PA was associated with reduced nucleus accumbens response during reward anticipation and reduced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) response during reward outcome. Greater mean NA was associated with increased mPFC response to loss outcome.ConclusionsTraditional laboratory-based measures of anhedonia were associated with lower subjective PA and higher subjective NA in youths' daily lives. Lower subjective PA and higher subjective NA were associated with decreased reward-related striatal functioning. Higher NA was also related to increased mPFC activity to loss. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that laboratory-based measures of anhedonia translate to real-world contexts and that subjective ratings of PA and NA may be associated with neural response to reward and loss.
The effect of shade tree species on bird communities in central Kenyan coffee farms
Authors: KAMMERICHS-BERKE DEVEN , LANE FANTER J. , ONG’ONDO FRANK JUMA , MLAMBA EDSON M. , BEAN WILLIAM T. , JEDLICKA JULIE A. , NJOROGE PETER , JOHNSON MATTHEW D. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryShade coffee is a well-studied cultivation strategy that creates habitat for tropical birds while also maintaining agricultural yield. Although there is a general consensus that shade coffee is more “bird-friendly” than a sun coffee monoculture, little work has investigated the effects of specific shade tree species on insectivorous bird diversity. This study involved avian foraging observations, mist-netting data, temperature loggers, and arthropod sampling to investigate bottom-up effects of two shade tree taxa - native Cordia sp. and introduced Grevillea robusta - on insectivorous bird communities in central Kenya. Results indicate that foliage-dwelling arthropod abundance, and the richness and overall abundance of foraging birds were all higher on Cordia than on Grevillea. Furthermore, multivariate analyses of the bird community indicate a significant difference in community composition between the canopies of the two tree species, though the communities of birds using the coffee understorey under these shade trees were similar. In addition, both shade trees buffered temperatures in coffee, and temperatures under Cordia were marginally cooler than under Grevillea. These results suggest that native Cordia trees on East African shade coffee farms may be better at mitigating habitat loss and attracting insectivorous birds that could promote ecosystem services. Identifying differences in prey abundance and preferences in bird foraging behaviour not only fills basic gaps in our understanding of the ecology of East African coffee farms, it also aids in developing region-specific information to optimize functional diversity, ecosystem services, and the conservation of birds in agricultural landscapes.
Differential Thermal Analysis Using High Temperature Susceptibility Instruments
Authors: Doctor R. , Feinberg J. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMeasurements of susceptibility as a function of temperature are an important, standard method of quantifying a sample's magnetic mineralogy. These measurements are used to identify the Curie/Néel temperatures of constituent minerals and show evidence of thermally induced oxidation and formation of magnetic minerals. For these reasons, the High Temperature Susceptibility Bridge (HTSB) is a common instrument in paleomagnetism laboratories around the world. Here, we argue that HTSBs can be used to perform simple differential thermal analysis, a technique used to identify phase transitions and exo‐/endothermic reactions by measuring deviations in temperature from a steady heating rate. Because HTSBs are designed to heat samples at a relatively constant rate, the standard susceptibility measurement can be used to obtain similar information, albeit crude, about the phase transitions taking place. For standard samples of vivianite, goethite, and maghemite, we compare the heating curves of the sample and a blank run, to identify DTA‐analogous information. In the case of goethite and vivianite, the reactions identified do not have a corresponding expression in susceptibility, demonstrating that this approach expands the utility of this common piece of equipment. We estimate the minimum enthalpy of reactions detectable and their mass dependence. Additionally, we show that this approach is successful in detecting the dehydration of vivianite in a mixed mineralogy natural sample.
Source Attribution of Atmospheric CO2 Using 14C and 13C as Tracers in Two Chinese Megacities During Winter
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhou Weijian , Xiong Xiaohu , Wu Shugang , Niu Zhenchuan , Yu Yunlong , Liu Jinzhao , Feng Tian , Cheng Peng , Du Hua , Lu Xuefeng , Chen Ning , Hou Yaoyao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentifying the sources of atmospheric Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important prerequisite for developing effective mitigation strategies. Here we conducted regular observations of the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio and its carbon isotope compositions (i.e., Δ14C and δ13C) in Xi'an and Beijing during winter, to estimate source contributions of CO2 emissions in Chinese megacities. The results showed that CO2 emissions in both Xi'an and Beijing originated mainly from fossil‐fuel sources, which contributed 65 ± 3% and 82 ± 2% of the total CO2 enhancement, respectively, during the sampling period; the results also revealed a substantial biogenic CO2 contribution during winter. We further separated the fossil‐fuel sources into contributions from coal, oil and natural gas combustions. We found that coal combustion was the dominant anthropogenic source in Xi'an, accounting for 54 ± 4% of the total fossil‐fuel emissions, and oil and natural gas contribute almost equally to the emissions. In contrast, emission from natural‐gas combustion was the main fossil‐fuel source in Beijing, accounting for more than half of the total fossil‐fuel emissions, whereas, coal combustion contributed only 17 ± 10%. These top‐down results are generally consistent with emission inventory when seasonal variations of emissions are considered; some differences between the two methods indicated that the inventory for Xi'an might be underestimating the emissions from oil consumption. This pilot study confirms the potential of direct verification between top‐down and bottom‐up methods from the perspective of source attribution.
Modeling the Dynamic Variability of Sub‐Relativistic Outer Radiation Belt Electron Fluxes Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ma Donglai , Chu Xiangning , Bortnik Jacob , Claudepierre Seth G. , Tobiska W. Kent , Cruz Alfredo , Bouwer S. Dave , Fennell Joseph F. , Blake J. Bernard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a set of neural network models that reproduce the dynamics of electron fluxes in the range of 50 keV ∼1 MeV in the outer radiation belt. The Outer Radiation belt Electron Neural net model for Medium energy electrons uses only solar wind conditions and geomagnetic indices as input. The models are trained on electron flux data from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer instrument onboard Van Allen Probes, and they can reproduce the dynamic variations of electron fluxes in different energy channels. The model results show high coefficient of determination (R2 ∼ 0.78–0.92) on the test data set, an out‐of‐sample 30‐day period from 25 February to 25 March in 2017, when a geomagnetic storm took place, as well as an out‐of‐sample one year period after March 2018. In addition, the models are able to capture electron dynamics such as intensifications, decays, dropouts, and the Magnetic Local Time dependence of the lower energy (∼<100 keV) electron fluxes during storms. The models have reliable prediction capability and can be used for a wide range of space weather applications. The general framework of building our model is not limited to radiation belt fluxes and could be used to build machine learning models for a variety of other plasma parameters in the Earth's magnetosphere.
Sex differences in central insulin action: Effect of intranasal insulin on neural food cue reactivity in adults with normal weight and overweight
Authors: Wagner Lore , Veit Ralf , Fritsche Louise , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Heni Martin , Preissl Hubert , Kullmann Stephanie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Central insulin action influences cognitive processes, peripheral metabolism, and eating behavior. However, the contribution of obesity and sex on central insulin-mediated neural food cue processing still remains unclear.

Subjects/Methods
In a randomized within-participant design, including two visits, 60 participants (30 women, BMI 18–32 kg/m2, age 21–69 years) underwent a functional MRI task measuring blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in response to visual food cues after intranasal insulin or placebo spray administration. Central insulin action was defined as the neural BOLD response to food cues after insulin compared to placebo administration. Afterwards, participants were asked to rate the food cues for desire to eat (i.e., wanting rating). For statistical analyses, participants were grouped according to BMI and sex.

Results
Food cue reactivity in the amygdala showed higher BOLD activation in response to central insulin compared to placebo. Furthermore, women with overweight and obesity and men of normal weight showed higher BOLD neural food cue responsivity to central insulin compared to placebo. Higher central insulin action in the insular cortex was associated with better peripheral insulin sensitivity and higher cognitive control. Moreover, central insulin action in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) revealed significant sex differences. In response to central insulin compared to placebo, men showed lower DLPFC BOLD activity, whereas women showed higher DLPFC activity in response to highly desired food cues. On behavioral level, central insulin action significantly reduced hunger, whereas the desire to eat, especially for low caloric food cues was significantly higher with central insulin than with placebo.

Conclusions
Obesity and sex influenced the central insulin-mediated neural BOLD activity to visual food cues in brain regions implicated in reward and cognitive control. These findings show that central insulin action regulates food response differentially in men and women, which may have consequences for metabolism and eating behavior.