bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JAM‐A is a multifaceted regulator in hepatic fibrogenesis, supporting LSEC integrity and stellate cell quiescence
Authors: Brozat Jonathan F. , Brandt Elisa F. , Stark Myriam , Fischer Petra , Wirtz Theresa H. , Flaßhove Alexander , Rodenhausen Aaron N. , Vajen Tanja , Heinzmann Alexandra C. A. , Schmitz Sophia M.‐T. , Abu Jhaisha Samira , Röth Anjali A. , Koenen Rory R. , Sahin Hacer , Trautwein Christian , Berres Marie‐Luise 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsLeukocyte infiltration is a hallmark of hepatic inflammation. The Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (JAM‐A) is a crucial regulator of leukocyte extravasation and is upregulated in human viral fibrosis. Reduced shear stress within hepatic sinusoids and the specific phenotype of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) cumulate in differing adhesion characteristics during liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to define the functional role of cell‐specific adhesion molecule JAM‐A during hepatic fibrogenesis.MethodsComplete, conditional (intestinal epithelial; endothelial) and bone marrow chimeric Jam‐a knockout animals and corresponding C57Bl/6 wild‐type animals were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 6 weeks). For functional analyses of JAM‐A, comprehensive in vivo studies, co‐culture models and flow‐based adhesion assays were performed.ResultsComplete and bone marrow‐derived Jam‐a−/− animals showed aggravated fibrosis with increased non‐sinusoidal, perivascular accumulation of CD11b+F4/80+ monocyte‐derived macrophages in contrast to wild‐type mice. Despite being associated with disturbed epithelial barrier function, an intestinal epithelial Jam‐a knockout did not affect fibrogenesis. In endothelial‐specific Jam‐a−/− animals, liver fibrosis was aggravated alongside sinusoid capillarization and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. HSC activation is induced via Jam‐a−/− LSEC‐derived secretion of soluble factors. Sinusoid CD31 expression and hedgehog gene signalling were increased, but leukocyte infiltration and adhesion to LSECs remained unaffected.ConclusionsOur models decipher cell‐specific JAM‐A to exert crucial functions during hepatic fibrogenesis. JAM‐A on bone marrow‐derived cells regulates non‐sinusoidal vascular immune cell recruitment, while endothelial JAM‐A controls liver sinusoid capillarization and HSC quiescence.
Innovative approaches in investigating inter‐beat intervals: Graph theoretical method suggests altered autonomic functioning in adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Kvadsheim Elisabet , Fasmer Ole Bernt , Fasmer Erlend Eindride , R. Hauge Erik , Thayer Julian F. , Osnes Berge , Haavik Jan , Koenig Julian , Adolfsdottir Steinunn , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Sørensen Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCardiac inter‐beat intervals (IBIs) are considered to reflect autonomic functioning and self‐regulatory abilities and are often investigated by traditional time‐ and frequency domain analyses. These analyses investigate IBI fluctuations across relatively long time series. The similarity graph algorithm is a nonlinear method that analyzes segments of IBI time series (i.e., time windows)—possibly being more sensitive to transient and spontaneous IBI fluctuations. We hypothesized that the similarity graph algorithm would detect differences between Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and control groups. Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were collected in 10–18‐year‐olds with ADHD (n = 37) and controls (n = 36). IBIs were converted to graphs that were subsequently investigated for similarity. We varied the criterion for defining IBIs as similar, assessing which setting best distinguished ADHD and control groups. Using this setting, we applied the similarity graph algorithm to time windows of 2–5, 6–13 and 12–25 s, respectively. We also performed traditional IBI analyses. Independent samples t tests assessed group differences. Results showed that a 1.5% criterion of similarity and a time window of 2–5 s best distinguished adolescents with ADHD and controls. The similarity graph algorithm showed a higher number of edges, maximum edges and cliques, and lower edges10+10/edges2+2 in the ADHD group compared to controls. The results suggested more similar IBIs in the ADHD group compared to the controls, possibly due to altered vagal activity and less effective regulation of heart rate. Traditional analyses did not detect any group differences. Consequently, the similarity graph algorithm might complement traditional IBI analyses as a marker of psychopathology.
Tonic pain reduces autonomic responses and EEG functional connectivity elicited by affective stimuli
Authors: Alba Guzmán , Vila Jaime , Miranda José G. V. , Montoya Pedro , Muñoz Miguel A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost pain studies have focused on only two aspects of pain: the influence of pain on attentional processing and the modulation of pain perception by affective stimuli. However, the influence of tonic pain on the attentional processing of affective stimuli has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of tonic pain on the attentional processing of affective stimuli, focusing on autonomic responses and their relationship with both EEG power and functional connectivity. Forty participants (20 men and 20 women) received tonically painful and nonpainful thermal stimulation while viewing blocks of pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral images. The galvanic skin conductance response (SCR), electrocardiographic activity, and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the delta and theta bands were recorded. Participants rated the unpleasantness of the pain at the end of each block. Typical affective SCR and heart rate (HR) patterns were found in the no‐pain condition, but when the pain was delivered, these patterns disappeared. EEG power and functional connectivity results showed that tonic pain affected the delta band in the central region during pleasant and unpleasant image blocks. Our findings suggest that tonic pain captured attentional focus and reduced the cognitive resources available for processing affective stimuli, altering the emotional experience associated with pain.
Spatial analysis of socio‐economic factors and their relationship with the cases of COVID‐19 in Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Carlos Fabricio Assunção , Silva Mayara Costa , dos Santos Alex Mota , Rudke Anderson Paulo , do Bonfim Cristine Vieira , Portis Gabriela Tobias , de Almeida Junior Pedro Monteiro , Coutinho Maria Beatriz de Santana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the spatial distribution of rates of COVID‐19 cases and its association with socio‐economic conditions in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.MethodsAutocorrelation (Moran index) and spatial association (Geographically weighted regression) models were used to explain the interrelationships between municipalities and the possible effects of socio‐economic factors on rates.ResultsTwo isolated clusters were revealed in the inner part of the state in sparsely inhabited municipalities. The spatial model (Geographically Weighted Regression) was able to explain 50% of the variations in COVID‐19 cases. The variables proportion of people with low income, percentage of rented homes, percentage of families in social programs, Gini index and running water had the greatest explanatory power for the increase in infection by COVID‐19.ConclusionsOur results provide important information on socio‐economic factors related to the spread of COVID‐19 and can serve as a basis for decision‐making in similar circumstances.
The US military's malaria research in Kenya and the geopolitics of global health
Authors: McCormack Killian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe US Army Medical Research Directorate – Africa, also known as the “Walter Reed Project,” is at the forefront of the US military's malaria research and surveillance practices. Since its establishment in Kenya in 1970, the Walter Reed Project's research capacity and infrastructure has significantly expanded, now placing it in a civilian‐led global health network. In this paper, I trace the development of the Walter Reed Project's malaria research and surveillance practices in Kenya from 1970 to today. I explore the geopolitical logics driving the Walter Reed Project's development, its growing infrastructure in Kenya, and its changing relationships with civilian institutes and global health networks. In doing so, I demonstrate the intersections between geopolitics and global health the Walter Reed Project reveals. The paper demonstrates how the Walter Reed Project brings geopolitical logics to bear on its collaborative global health research practices; how it reveals an often overlooked position of state power and geopolitics in mainstream global health networks; and how its health intervention sites in Kenya are points in a geopolitical topography of war‐making, connected to geographies of militarism, empire, and violence in disparate spaces. The paper reveals the attachments to war that underpin the military's global health engagement practices and that permeate mainstream global health networks and sites of health intervention.
Antibody profiles in COVID‐19 convalescent plasma prepared with amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction treatment
Authors: Bagri Anil , de Assis Rafael R. , Tsai Cheng‐Ting , Simmons Graham , Mei Zhen W. , Von Goetz Melissa , Gatmaitan Michelle , Stone Mars , Di Germanio Clara , Martinelli Rachel , Darst Orsolya , Rioveros Jowin , Robinson Peter V. , Ward Dawn , Ziman Alyssa , Seftel David , Khan Saahir , Busch Michael P. , Felgner Philip L. , Corash Laurence M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP), from donors recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, is one of the limited therapeutic options currently available for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID‐19. There is growing evidence that CCP may reduce viral loads and disease severity; and reduce mortality. However, concerns about the risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections (TTI) and other complications associated with transfusion of plasma, remain. Amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction treatment (A/UVA‐PRT) of plasma offers a mitigation of TTI risk, and when combined with pooling has the potential to increase the diversity of the polyclonal SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies.Study design and methodsThis study assessed the impact of A/UVA‐PRT on SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in 42 CCP using multiple complimentary assays including antigen binding, neutralizing, and epitope microarrays. Other mediators of CCP efficacy were also assessed.ResultsA/UVA‐PRT did not negatively impact antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 and other viral epitopes, had no impact on neutralizing activity or other potential mediators of CCP efficacy. Finally, immune cross‐reactivity with other coronavirus antigens was observed raising the potential for neutralizing activity against other emergent coronaviruses.ConclusionThe findings of this study support the selection of effective CCP combined with the use of A/UVA‐PRT in the production of CCP for patients with COVID‐19.
Acute kidney injury manifesting as renal tubular acidosis with proximal and distal renal tubular dysfunction in a dog with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Barton James C. , Mäntylä Noble Peter‐John , O'Connell Erin M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and management of a critically ill dog with profound renal tubular acidosis (RTA) with proximal and distal renal tubular dysfunction.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old neutered female Border Terrier was presented with frequent regurgitation resulting from acute pancreatitis with severe ileus. Venous acid–base analysis and complete urinalysis confirmed the presence of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with inappropriately alkaline urine (pH 8), consistent with distal RTA. Urinalysis, urine amino acids, and urinary fractional excretion of electrolytes revealed glycosuria (with normoglycemia), aminoaciduria, and increased fractional excretion of sodium, calcium, and phosphate consistent with generalized proximal renal tubulopathy or Fanconi syndrome. The dog responded well to supportive care and alkaline therapy and made a complete recovery.New or Unique Information ProvidedTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of RTA with proximal and distal renal tubular dysfunction in the veterinary literature. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize that the transient RTA was a manifestation of acute kidney injury secondary to acute pancreatitis, the first report of this in the literature.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Solar Heat Gain on the Thermal Performance of Hollow Ventilated Interior Wall
Authors: Zhou Jiri , Yu Tao , Lei Bo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The heating system combining solar air collector with hollow ventilated interior wall (SAC-HVIW) can effectively extend the heating time. However, due to the large wall-window ratio of buildings on Tibetan Plateau, the strong solar radiation irradiating on the interior wall may influence the thermal performance of HVIW. In this paper, an experimental room is constructed to study the influence of external solar heat gain on the thermal performance of HVIW. Steady-state measurements are carried out by considering different ventilation rates, supply air temperatures and heat gains. Results show that the external heat gain has almost no effect on U-value, but it increases the heating capacity by increasing the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD). For all cases, the heating capacity of HVIW is related to LMTD and supply air velocity, and U-value mainly increases with supply air velocity. Heat transfer of the interior surface of HVIW is dominated by forced convection which increases linearly with supply air velocity. The radiant heat transfer coefficient of the exterior surface of HVIW is not affected by the external heat gain with the mean value of 5.65 W/(m2 · K), while the convective heat transfer coefficient increases logarithmically with the external heat gain. The proportion of radiant heat transfer decreases as a power function with the increase of the exterior surface temperature. Measurements in this paper are used to evaluate the influence of external heat gain on the heating performance of HVIW, which is beneficial to the design of HVIW.
High-Resolution Dynamics of Hemodilution After Exercise-Related Hemoconcentration
Authors: Komka Zsolt , Szilágyi Brigitta , Molnár Dóra , Sipos Bence , Tóth Miklós , Elek János , Szász Máté 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Hemoconcentration during acute intense exercise is intensively investigated, while the rearrangement of hematological parameters during the recovery period is less understood. The aim of our study was to understand the mechanisms of hemodilution after short-term dynamic exercise. Methods: Twelve euhydrated male kayak athletes and 6 untrained controls were examined on a spiroergometer. In addition to the continuous recording of circulatory parameters, blood samples were taken at rest, at maximum load, and during restitution with a dense sampling frequency. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, osmolality, blood components, and core temperature were measured. Results: The hemoconcentration, independently of training status, reached its maximum (athletes Δ9.59% [4.18%] vs controls Δ11.85% [2.71%]) in the first minute of the recovery period. There was a significant increase in core temperature, reducing the viscosity of blood and promoting tissue oxygenation. High cardiac output and the increased blood flow compensate for viscosity being elevated by hemoconcentration during exercise. Hemoconcentration was maintained for 7 to 10 minutes and then diluted back to baseline 30 minutes after exercise. Temporarily higher viscosity during reduced cardiac output may result in a critical hemoconcentration zone, elevating the risk of circulatory overload. Elite athletes have a faster cardiac output decrease compared with that of hemodilution, making the circulation more vulnerable. We supposed that hemodilution was guided independently by plasma- and erythrocyte-related effectors. Conclusions: After high-intensity dynamic acute exercise, hemodilution is driven by independent factors, and a critical hemoconcentration zone may be formed during the recovery period in trained elite athletes.
Do Race Results in Youth Competitions Predict Future Success as a Road Cyclist? A Retrospective Study in the Italian Cycling Federation
Authors: Gallo Gabriele , Mostaert Mireille , Faelli Emanuela , Ruggeri Piero , Delbarba Sundeep , Codella Roberto , Vansteenkiste Pieter , Filipas Luca 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between youth road cycling success and becoming a professional cyclist. Specifically, the authors sought to analyze (1) the differences in the success scores in youth categories between future professional (PRO) and future nonprofessional (NON-PRO) cyclists, (2) whether relative age effect influences youth road cycling career pathways, and (3) whether youth competition success could predict a future career as a professional cyclist. Methods: The number of points gathered in the annual national ranking of 1345 Italian cyclists in the U17, U19, and U23 categories were retrospectively analyzed. Participants were divided into 2 groups: PRO (n = 43) and future NON-PRO (n = 1302), depending on whether they reached the professional level. Results: PRO outperformed NON-PRO in all the youth categories considered (ie, U17, U19, and U23). Older cyclists within the same annual age group were not overrepresented in PRO and do not have an advantage over younger cyclists within all the competition years. The number of points gathered in youth competitions provides an indication of probability of becoming professional cyclists from U17 onward with the predictive value increasing with age category. Conclusions: Handling the transition to a new age group well (especially the U19–U23 transition), and therefore having success competing against older and more experienced cyclists, is an important factor for talent identification in youth cycling.
Case Study: A Jaw-Protruding Dental Splint Improves Running Physiology and Kinematics
Authors: Cardoso Filipa , Coelho Eduardo P. , Gay Ana , Vilas-Boas João Paulo , Pinho João C. , Pyne David B. , Fernandes Ricardo J. 
Published: February 2022

Wearing an intraoral jaw-protruding splint could enhance respiratory function in clinical settings and eventually exercise performance. Purpose: The authors studied the acute effect of wearing a lower-jaw-forwarding splint at different protruding percentages (30% and 50%) across a wide range of running exercise intensities. Methods: A case study was undertaken with a highly trained and experienced 27-year-old female triathlete. She performed the same incremental intermittent treadmill running protocol on 3 occasions wearing 3 different intraoral devices (30% and 50% maximum range and a control device) to assess running physiological and kinematic variables. Results: Both the 30% and 50% protruding splints decreased oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production (by 4%–12% and 1%–10%, respectively) and increased ventilation and respiratory frequency (by 7%–12% and 5%–16%, respectively) along the studied running intensities. Exercise energy expenditure (approximately 1%–14%) and cost (7.8, 7.4, and 8.0 J·kg−1·m−1 for 30%, 50%, and placebo devices, respectively) were also decreased when using the jaw-protruding splints. The triathlete’s lower limbs’ running pattern changed by wearing the forwarding splints, decreasing the contact time and stride length by approximately 4% and increasing the stride rate by approximately 4%. Conclusions: Wearing a jaw-protruding splint can have a positive biophysical effect on running-performance-related parameters.
PGC1α/β Expression Predicts Therapeutic Response to Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibition in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ghilardi Carmen , Moreira-Barbosa Catarina , Brunelli Laura , Ostano Paola , Panini Nicolò , Lupi Monica , Anastasia Alessia , Fiordaliso Fabio , Salio Monica , Formenti Laura , Russo Massimo , Arrigoni Edoardo , Chiaradonna Ferdinando , Chiorino Giovanna , Draetta Giulio , Marszalek Joseph R. , Vellano Christopher P. , Pastorelli Roberta , Bani MariaRosa , Decio Alessandra , Giavazzi Raffaella 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, and novel therapeutic options are crucial to improve overall survival. Here we provide evidence that impairment of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can help control ovarian cancer progression, and this benefit correlates with expression of the two mitochondrial master regulators PGC1α and PGC1β. In orthotopic patient-derived ovarian cancer xenografts (OC-PDX), concomitant high expression of PGC1α and PGC1β (PGC1α/β) fostered a unique transcriptional signature, leading to increased mitochondrial abundance, enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycling, and elevated cellular respiration that ultimately conferred vulnerability to OXPHOS inhibition. Treatment with the respiratory chain complex I inhibitor IACS-010759 caused mitochondrial swelling and ATP depletion that consequently delayed malignant progression and prolonged the lifespan of high PGC1α/β-expressing OC-PDX-bearing mice. Conversely, low PGC1α/β OC-PDXs were not affected by IACS-010759, thus pinpointing a selective antitumor effect of OXPHOS inhibition. The clinical relevance of these findings was substantiated by analysis of ovarian cancer patient datasets, which showed that 25% of all cases displayed high PGC1α/β expression along with an activated mitochondrial gene program. This study endorses the use of OXPHOS inhibitors to manage ovarian cancer and identifies the high expression of both PGC1α and β as biomarkers to refine the selection of patients likely to benefit most from this therapy.

Significance:
OXPHOS inhibition in ovarian cancer can exploit the metabolic vulnerabilities conferred by high PGC1α/β expression and offers an effective approach to manage patients on the basis of PGC1α/β expression.
A new species of Ophtalmibidion Martins from French Guiana, and notes on O. luscum Martins (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae)
Authors: Vlasak Josef , Santos-Silva Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Ophtalmibidion gutta sp. nov. is described from French Guiana. The elytral color pattern of Ophtalmibidion luscum Martins, 1971 is commented on. A key to species of Ophtalmibidion is provided as well as photographs of all species.