bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi-symbolic inference for efficient streaming probabilistic programming
Authors: Atkinson Eric , Yuan Charles , Baudart Guillaume , Mandel Louis , Carbin Michael 
Published: October 2022

A streaming probabilistic program receives a stream of observations and produces a stream of distributions that are conditioned on these observations. Efficient inference is often possible in a streaming context using Rao-Blackwellized particle filters (RBPFs), which exactly solve inference problems when possible and fall back on sampling approximations when necessary. While RBPFs can be implemented by hand to provide efficient inference, the goal of streaming probabilistic programming is to automatically generate such efficient inference implementations given input probabilistic programs.
In this work, we propose semi-symbolic inference, a technique for executing probabilistic programs using a runtime inference system that automatically implements Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering. To perform exact and approximate inference together, the semi-symbolic inference system manipulates symbolic distributions to perform exact inference when possible and falls back on approximate sampling when necessary. This approach enables the system to implement the same RBPF a developer would write by hand. To ensure this, we identify closed families of distributions – such as linear-Gaussian and finite discrete models – on which the inference system guarantees exact inference. We have implemented the runtime inference system in the ProbZelus streaming probabilistic programming language. Despite an average 1.6× slowdown compared to the state of the art on existing benchmarks, our evaluation shows that speedups of 3×-87× are obtainable on a new set of challenging benchmarks we have designed to exploit closed families.
Cetuximab Responses in Patients with HNSCC Correlate to Clonal Expansion Feature of Peripheral and Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells with Top T-Cell Receptor Clonotypes
Authors: Ge Huaibin , Ferris Robert L. , Wang Jing H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Cetuximab is a standard-of-care treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Well-defined correlative markers of therapeutic responses are still lacking. Characterizing dynamic changes of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in peripheral blood and tumor tissue may facilitate developing markers for cetuximab response in HNSCCs.

Experimental Design:
We analyzed high-throughput TCRβ sequencing data generated with ImmunoSEQ platform using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patients with HNSCC before and after cetuximab treatment (pre-/post-PBMC vs. pre-/post-TIL). Multiple analytic approaches were employed to normalize sequencing data.

Results:
Normalized TCR richness was significantly lower in post-TIL than pre-TIL, suggesting that cetuximab reduced TCR diversity and promoted TCR expansion in TIL samples, regardless of response status. The magnitude of clonal expansion (defined as expansion rate) in top 20 TCR clonotypes was significantly higher in responder PBMC with or without normalization, and in responder TIL upon normalization, than nonresponder ones. Notably, the expanded top 20 or top 50 TCR clonotypes overlapped between PBMC and TIL samples, which occurred significantly more frequently in responders than nonresponders.

Conclusions:
Patients with cetuximab-treated HNSCC harbor dynamic changes of TCR repertoires correlative to therapeutic responses. The expansion rate of top TCR clonotypes in peripheral blood may serve as a minimally invasive, readily accessible, and feasible marker for predicting cetuximab responses in HNSCCs and beyond, and the expansion rate of top TCR clonotypes in TILs and their overlapping probability between PBMC and TIL may serve as additional predictive markers. Our study also highlights the importance of data normalization for TCR repertoire analysis.
Left Atrial Strain and the Risk of Atrial Arrhythmias From Extended Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring: MESA
Authors: Huber Matthew P. , Pandit Jay A. , Jensen Paul N. , Wiggins Kerri L. , Patel Ravi B. , Freed Benjamin H. , Bertoni Alain G. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Heckbert Susan R. , Floyd James S. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Abnormalities in left atrial (LA) function often occur before LA structural changes and clinically identified atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the relationship between LA strain and the risk of subclinical atrial arrhythmias detected from extended ambulatory cardiac monitoring.

Methods and Results
A total of 1441 participants of MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) completed speckle‐tracking echocardiography and cardiac monitoring during 2016 to 2018 (mean age, 73 years); participants in AF during echocardiography or during the entire cardiac monitoring period were excluded. Absolute values of LA reservoir, booster pump, and conduit strains were measured. We evaluated associations of LA strain with monitor‐detected AF, premature atrial contractions, and supraventricular tachycardia. Primary analyses adjusted for demographic variables, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and clinical cardiovascular disease. Cardiac monitoring (median, 14 days) detected AF in 3%. Each SD (4.0%) lower (worse) LA booster pump strain was associated with 84% higher risk of monitor‐detected AF (95% CI, 30%–162%), 39% higher premature atrial contraction frequency (95% CI, 27%–53%), and 19% higher supraventricular tachycardia frequency (95% CI, 10%–29%). Additional adjustment for NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), LA volume index, tissue Doppler a′ peak velocity, left ventricular ejection fraction, and global longitudinal strain had little impact on associations. Findings were similar for LA reservoir strain and null for LA conduit strain.

Conclusions
In a multiethnic community‐based cohort, impaired LA strain was an important correlate of subclinical atrial arrhythmias, even after adjustment for conventional measures of LA structure and function.
Evaluation of Speech and Pause Alterations in Patients With Acute and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Schöbi Dario , Zhang Yan‐Ping , Kehl Joelle , Aissani Meriam , Pfister Otmar , Strahm Martin , van Haelst Paul , Zhou Qian 
Published: October 2022

Background
Acute heart failure is the most frequent cause of unplanned hospital admission in elderly patients. Various biomarkers have been evaluated to better assess the status of these patients and prevent decompensation. Recently, voice has been suggested as a cost‐effective and noninvasive way to monitor disease progression. This study evaluates speech and pause alterations in patients with acute decompensated and stable heart failure. Specifically, we aim to identify a vocal biomarker that could be used to monitor patients with heart failure and to prevent decompensation.

Methods and Results
Speech and pause patterns were evaluated in 68 patients with acute and 36 patients with stable heart failure. Voice recordings were performed using a web‐browser based application that consisted of 5 tasks. Speech and pause patterns were automatically extracted and compared between acute and stable patients and with clinical markers. Compared with stable patients, pause ratio was up to 14.9% increased in patients with acute heart failure. This increase was largely independent of sex, age, and ejection fraction and persisted in patients with lower degrees of edema or dyspnea. Furthermore, pause ratio was positively correlated with NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) after controlling for acute versus stable heart failure. Collectively, our findings indicate that the pause ratio could be useful in identifying acute heart failure, particularly in patients who do not display traditional indicators of decompensation.

Conclusions
Speech and pause patterns are altered in patients with acute heart failure. Particularly, we identified pause ratio as an easily interpretable vocal biomarker to support the monitoring of heart failure decompensation.
Nowhere to Hide? Global Policing and the Politics of Extradition
Authors: Krcmaric Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Global policing efforts go far beyond combatting terrorism. The United States has tracked down war criminals in the former Yugoslavia, prosecuted Mexican drug kingpins in U.S. courts, transferred a Congolese warlord to the International Criminal Court, and even invaded foreign countries to apprehend wanted suspects. Likewise, Chinese police and intelligence forces crisscross the globe engaging in surveillance, abductions, and forced repatriations. But global policing activities are hard to study because they tend to occur “in the shadows.” Extradition treaties—agreements that facilitate the formal surrender of wanted fugitives from one country to another—represent a unique part of the global policing architecture that is directly observable. An original dataset of every extradition treaty that the United States has signed since its independence shows that extradition cooperation is not an automatic response to the globalization of crime. Instead, it is an extension of geopolitical competition. Geopolitical concerns are crucial because many states try to weaponize extradition treaties to target their political opponents living abroad, not just common criminals. Future research should reconceptualize the role of individuals in international security because many governments believe that a single person—whether a dissident, a rebel, or a terrorist—can imperil their national security.
China's Party-State Capitalism and International Backlash: From Interdependence to Insecurity
Authors: Pearson Margaret M. , Rithmire Meg , Tsai Kellee S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Contrary to expectations, economic interdependence has not tempered security conflict between China and the United States. In response to perceived domestic and external threats, the Chinese Communist Party's actions to ensure regime security have generated insecurity in other states, causing them to adopt measures to constrain Chinese firms. Security dilemma dynamics best explain the subsequent reactions from many advanced industrialized countries to the evolution of China's political economy into party-state capitalism. Party-state capitalism manifests in two signature ways: (1) expansion of party-state authority in firms through changes in corporate governance and state-led financial instruments; and (2) enforcement of political fealty among various economic actors. Together, these trends have blurred the distinction between state and private capital in China and resulted in backlash, including intensified investment reviews, campaigns to exclude Chinese firms from strategic sectors, and the creation of novel domestic and international institutions to address perceived threats from Chinese actors. The uniqueness of China's model has prompted significant reorganization of the rules governing capitalism, both nationally and globally.
Editorial: Focus feature on consciousness and cognition
Authors: McIntosh Randy , Hill Sean , Sporns Olaf 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Consciousness and cognition are an increasing focus of theoretical and experimental research in neuroscience, leveraging the methods and tools of brain dynamics and connectivity. This Focus Feature brings together a collection of articles that examine the various roles of brain networks in computational and dynamic models, and in studies of physiological and neuroimaging processes that underpin and enable behavioral and cognitive function.
Unified Response to COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing, Chicago, December 2020–April 2021
Authors: Kern David , Tabidze Irina , Modali Laxmi , Stonehouse Patrick , Karamustafa Ayla 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: We evaluated 2 innovative approaches that supported COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) in Chicago communities: (1) early engagement of people diagnosed with COVID-19 by leveraging the existing Healthcare Alert Network to send automated telephone calls and text messages and (2) establishment of a network of on-site case investigators and contact tracers within partner health care facilities (HCFs) and community-based organizations (CBOs). Methods: The Chicago Department of Public Health used Healthcare Alert Network data to calculate the proportion of people with confirmed COVID-19 who successfully received an automated telephone call or text message during December 27, 2020–April 24, 2021. The department also used CI/CT data to calculate the proportion of cases successfully interviewed and named contacts successfully notified, as well as the time to successful case interview and to successful contact notification. Results: Of 67 882 people with COVID-19, 94.3% (n = 64 011) received an automated telephone call and 91.7% (n = 62 239) received a text message. Of the 65 470 COVID-19 cases pulled from CI/CT data, 24 450 (37.3%) interviews were completed, including 6212 (61.3%) of the 10 126 cases diagnosed in HCFs. The median time from testing to successful case interview was 3 days for Chicago Department of Public Health investigators and 4 days for HCF investigators. Overall, 34 083 contacts were named; 13 117 (38.5%) were successfully notified, including 9068 (36.6%) of the 24 761 contacts assigned to CBOs. The median time from contact elicitation to completed notification by CBOs was <24 hours. Conclusions: Partnerships with HCFs and CBOs helped deliver timely CI/CT during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting a potential benefit of engaging non–public health institutions in CI/CT for existing and emerging diseases.
Suicide risk and mental health in the general population of French Polynesia
Authors: Amadéo Stéphane , Benradia Imane , Sy Aminata , Rereao Moerani , Favro Patrick , David-Vanquin Germaine , Meunier-Tuheaiva Annie , Lacoste Jérôme , Fenni Alban , Nguyen Ngoc Lam , Goodfellow Benjamin , Jehel Louis , Roelandt Jean-Luc 
Published: October 2022

Objective There are no reports on the burden of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the general population of French Polynesia (FP). We aimed to improve suicide prevention and mental health care by assessing the prevalence of suicide risk and major mental health disorders and care among adults in FP. Methods We conducted the Mental Health in General Population Survey in FP during 2015 to 2017. Participants were selected using the quota method to obtain a representative sample of the general population. Suicide risk and psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Results We included 968 people aged 18 years or older. The prevalence of current suicidal ideation (13.1%) and current (2.6%) and lifetime suicide attempts (18.6%), as well as mental health disorders (42.8%), was high in FP. A notable proportion of participants with these conditions did not seek medical assistance. Conclusion A high prevalence of suicide risk and mental health disorders was found in the general population of FP. Suicide prevention and mental health plans are needed in FP that include better access to primary care for the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders. Further research is needed to clarify cultural risk and protective factors.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heiran Alireza , Azarchehry Seyede Pegah , Dehghankhalili Saeid , Afarid Mehrdad , Shaabani Sonia , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza 
Published: October 2022

Objectives Individual studies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) have shown the high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. We conducted a meta-analysis to yield an estimate of the prevalence of diabetic (type 1 and 2) retinopathy in the EMR. Additionally, we explored its potential modulators. Methods Two-step screening of relevant articles published from 1 January 2000 to 13 December 2019 was carried out. An estimation of summary proportions, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias assessment were performed. Results One hundred nine articles were included in the meta-analysis, involving 280,566 patients. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28, 33). The highest and lowest diabetic retinopathy prevalence rates were observed in low human development index (HDI) countries (63.6; 95% CI = 52.4, 74.0) and very high HDI countries 22.6 (95% CI = 20.5, 24.7), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is high in the EMR. Our results provide important information for diverse healthcare surveillance systems in the EMR to implement the modifiable risk factors, diabetes screening to decrease undiagnosed diabetes, early detection of retinopathy, and proper diabetes care to decrease untreated diabetes.
The impact of bariatric surgery procedures on the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with severe obesity: a 12-month follow-up
Authors: Tabesh Mastaneh Rajabian , Abolhasani Maryam , Zali Mohammad Reza , Bagheri Reza , Alipour Meysam , Cheraghloo Neda , Asadzadeh-Aghdaei Hamid , Wong Alexei , Zahedi Hoda , Hobaby Sara , Shadnoush Mahdi , Cheraghpour Makan 
Published: October 2022

Objective To evaluate the effects of one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in patients with severe obesity. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with severe obesity who had undergone OAGB, RYGB, or SG between 2015 and 2017 and follow-up assessments over 12-months. Results Among 485 included patients, anthropometric measurements, body composition, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, and comorbidities were significantly improved for all three procedures throughout the follow-up period. Weight, % total weight loss (%TWL), body mass index, fat mass and fat mass to fat-free mass ratio improvements were higher with RYGB and OAGB than SG. There were no significant differences between procedures in all other variables. A significant trend toward remission rate of dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus was observed with all three procedures, with no significant difference between the three groups. %TWL statistically correlated with fat mass, FBG, and triglycerides. Conclusions OAGB, RYGB, and SG had a beneficial impact on CMRFs and comorbidities during 12 months of follow-up. Of note, RYGB and OAGB may result in better outcomes, particularly anthropometric and body composition indices. Further large-sample, long-term follow-up studies are required to expand on the present findings.
Atypical herpes zoster ophthalmicus with madarosis of upper eyelid, recurrent iridocyclitis and atrophic multifocal chorioretinopathy
Authors: Comín-Pérez Alberto , Albert-Fort Mara , Pascual Elia Valls , Alegre-Ituarte Víctor , Martínez-Costa Lucía 
Published: October 2022

Introduction Ocular involvement due to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection includes conjunctivitis, scleritis, keratitis, uveitis, and necrotizing retinitis. Non-necrotizing chorioretinopathy as a late manifestation has been described. Case report A 50-year-old immunocompetent man developed herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) in the right V1 dermatome with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) treated with oral valaciclovir and topical steroid and a chalazion in the upper eyelid with associated madarosis. Four months later, he presented recurrence of the AAU and multiple areas of chorioretinal atrophy on fundoscopy. Biopsy of the upper eyelid lesion revealed granulomatous inflammation of the eyelid margin and polymerase chain reaction study (PCR) tested positive for VZV-specific DNA. The iridocyclitis was resolved with oral valaciclovir at maximum doses with minimal choroidal pigmentary changes. Discussion VZV ophthalmic infection starts by reactivation from the trigeminal ganglion, and it spreads to the isthmus of the pilosebaceous follicles and the epidermis, which can cause involvement of follicle and sebaceous glands. Chorioretinopathy is a rare form of late-onset non-necrotizing herpetic uveitis characterized by atrophic-appearing hypopigmented lesions, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. A direct viral infection or secondary to occlusive choroidal vasculitis is postulated at the level of the choriocapillaris and more recently it has been referred to as “choroidal vitiligo” due to possible involvement of choroidal melanocytes, as occurs in cases of cutaneous vitiligo due to VZV infection.
Efficacy of ganciclovir versus foscarnet in ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus retinitis: A case report
Authors: Lee Hyuk Jun , Woo Se Joon 
Published: October 2022

Purpose To report a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis improved by treatment with ganciclovir in a patient with ganciclovir-resistant CMV infection associated with Good syndrome. Study design Case report Result A 52-year-old gentleman with Good syndrome presented with visual disturbance in his right eye. He had a history of receiving intravitreal ganciclovir treatment with CMV retinitis a year ago. During treatment for CMV colitis three months ago, in systemic blood, UL97 mutation was identified and improved after changing treatment from ganciclovir to foscarnet. CMV retinitis recurred, and intravitreal ganciclovir injection was performed but there was no improvement. Therefore, the treatment was changed to foscarnet, but retinal infiltration progressed. Accordingly, it was changed to ganciclovir again and as a result, the progression of retinitis could be stopped. Conclusions Even in the case of CMV retinitis, which has been genetically confirmed to be ganciclovir resistance in systemic blood, ganciclovir treatment can be considered if other anti-CMV agents are not effective.
Careful patient selection together with optimal implant positioning may reduce but does not eliminate the risk of elevated serum cobalt and chrome levels following metal-on-metal hip resurfacing
Authors: Oxblom Alexander , Hedlund Håkan , Itayem Raed , Felländer-Tsai Li , Vidgren Mathias , Rolfson Ola , Brismar Harald 
Published: October 2022

Background: Elevated serum chrome (sCr) and cobalt (sCo) concentrations are associated with local tissue adverse reactions to metal debris following metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MoM-HR). Serum metal ions <2 µg/l are probably of little clinical relevance and a pragmatic “safe” threshold <5 µg/l has been suggested. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate if a careful selection of patients combined with optimal implant positioning could eliminate cases with “unsafe” serum metal ion levels. A secondary aim was to study the association between different risk factors and having Co and/or Cr levels >5 µg/l. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective, single-institution cohort study of 410 consecutive patients operated on with a Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) implant between 2001 and 2014. 288 of these had a unilateral MoM-HR, pelvic and true lateral radiographs, and a related sCo and sCr sample, and were included in the final analysis. They were allocated to either a presumed “optimal group” consisting of only men aged <60 years old, with femoral head component >48 mm diameter, and with a cup positioned within Lewinnek’s safe zones, or a “suboptimal group” consisting of the remaining patients. Fisher′s exact test and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: In the optimal group 48% (47/97) had serum metal ions >2 µg/l and 8% (8/97) >5 µg/l compared to 61% (116/191) and 18% (34/191) in the suboptimal group, p = 0.059 and p = 0.034 respectively. Acetabular cups with an anteversion <5 degrees had the highest odds ratio, 6.5 (95% CI, 3.0–14.3), of having sCo and sCr concentrations exceeding 5 µg/l. Conclusions: A well oriented BHR acetabular component in a presumably “optimal” patient reduces the risk of having elevated serum metal ions but does not eliminate it. Insufficient cup anteversion seems to be the strongest associated factor of elevated serum metals.