bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess dopant effect in platinum‐based alloys toward the oxygen electroreduction reaction
Authors: Kabiraz Mrinal Kanti , Kim Hee Jin , Hong Youngmin , Chang Qiaowan , Choi Sang‐Il 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDoping the PtNi octahedra with trace amount of transition metals has recently been shown to significantly improve the activity and durability of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the role of excessive amounts of doped elements on ORR performance is unclear. In this work, PtNi octahedra were synthesized with and without excess Mo dopant. Also, spherical PtNi nanoparticles containing excess Co dopant were synthesized. The ORR performance revealed that PtNiMo octahedra and PtNiCo nanoparticles showed inferior ORR activities compared to bimetallic PtNi octahedra. Based on the electrochemical analysis, we found that unfavorable oxygen‐binding strengths of PtNiMo and PtNiCo catalysts decrease the ORR performances.
Syntheses and photovoltaic properties of polythiophene‐based copolymers as polymer matrix of quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes
Authors: Kim Mi‐Ra , Pham Thanh Chung , Yang Hyun‐Seock , Park Sung Heum , Lee Songyi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe synthesized the polythiophene‐based copolymers (poly(3‐thiopheneacetic acid‐co‐3‐dodecylthiophene)s [poly(3TA‐co‐3DT)s]) and homopolymer (poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) [P3DT]) as a polymer host to apply on quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In order to improve their solubility and interface adsorption onto nanoporous TiO2 surface, the poly(3TA‐co‐3DT)s were designed with the chemical structure containing long‐alkyl group and carboxyl group, and the polythiophene‐based homopolymer (P3DT) was synthesized to compare the photovoltaic characteristics according to the presence of the carboxyl group. The quasi‐solid‐state DSSCs using P3DT, poly(3TA‐co‐3DT)‐1, and poly(3TA‐co‐3DT)‐2 have power conversion efficiencies of 2.62%, 2.97%, and 2.90% under photointensity of 100 mW/cm2 at AM1.5, respectively. In particular, the Jsc and power conversion efficiency of DSSC device using poly(3TA‐co‐3DT)‐1 increased up to 16.81 mA/cm2 and 4.45% by the addition of the ionic liquid.
Research and development intensity, environmental performance, and firm value: Unraveling the nexus in the energy sector worldwide
Authors: Uyar Ali , Kuzey Cemil , Gerged Ali Meftah , Karaman Abdullah S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lack of a focused study on the nexus of research and development (R&D) intensity, eco‐friendly practices, firm value in the energy sector, and the stakeholders' concerns for ecology motivated us to realize this study. The study sample covers the period from 2002 to 2019, resulting in 4016 firm‐year observations affiliated with 43 countries. The data were retrieved from the Thomson Reuters Eikon, and a country‐year fixed‐effects regression analysis was executed. Our empirical findings are threefold. First, the results show that energy firms' R&D intensity spurs eco‐friendly practices in three dimensions, namely, resource consumption reduction, emissions reduction, and eco‐innovation. Second, our study revealed that corporate environmental performance could induce greater firm value, implying a positive shareholders' reaction to the environmental engagement. Third, moderation analysis revealed that while R&D intensity's interaction with eco‐innovation is value‐enhancing, its interaction with resource consumption reduction and emissions reduction is not. The results are largely robust to alternative sampling, endogeneity concerns, and alternative variables measurements. The findings suggest implications for energy firms, R&D activities, and capital markets.
Global incidence, mortality and temporal trends of cancer in children: A joinpoint regression analysis
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chan Sze Chai , Ngai Chun Ho , Lok Veeleah , Zhang Lin , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Xu Wanghong , Zheng Zhi‐Jie , Elcarte Edmar , Withers Mellissa , Wong Martin C. S. ,   NCD Global Health Research Group, Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU)
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground/MethodsThe Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends, Nordic Cancer Registries, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, WHO Mortality databases were assessed to extract the Age‐Standardised Rates (ASR) of cancer incidence and mortality among children aged 0–14 years old. By using the ASRs, the country‐specific Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to determine the epidemiological cancer trend.ResultsIn 2020, the highest incidence of childhood cancer was found in countries with higher Human Development Index (HDI) (ASR = 15.7), yet the highest mortality was found in countries with lower HDIs (ASR = 4.8). As for incidence, seven countries had positive AAPC among boys; Slovakia (AAPC2001–2010 = 4.98, 95% CI [1.66–8.40]), Ecuador (AAPC2003–2012 = 4.07, 95% CI [0.67–7.59]) and Thailand (AAPC2003–2012 = 3.69, 95% CI [0.37–7.11]) had the highest AAPC. Among girls, three countries had positive AAPC, which included Belarus (AAPC2003–2012 = 3.18, 95% CI [1.11, 5.29]), Canada (AAPC2003–2012 = 2.83, 95% CI [1.60, 4.07]) and Korea (AAPC2003–2012 = 1.76, 95% CI [0.23–3.32]). There was an overall decreasing trend of mortality. However, increased mortality was observed in two countries: Ecuador for boys (AAPC2007–2016 = 1.72, 95% CI [0.27–3.19]) and Austria for girls (AAPC2008–2017 = 4.11, 95% CI [0.38–7.98]).ConclusionsThe largest mortality and mortality to incidence ratio of childhood cancer were found in low‐income countries. There was a substantial increasing trend of childhood cancer incidence, while overall its mortality has been decreasing over the past decade. More studies are needed to confirm the drivers behind these epidemiologic trends.
OSU‐T315 and doxorubicin synergistically induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Li Zhihui , Ren Danhong , Chen Chen , Sun Leiming , Fang Kun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is a common urological malignancy that still lacks an effective treatment. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been widely used in the treatment of various cancers, including BC. However, chemoresistance often hampers the clinical application of Dox, therefore, it is necessary to develop effective strategies to improve its efficacy. By using high‐throughput screening, we identified OSU‐T315, an integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor, that can augment the cytotoxicity of Dox against BC cells. We found that OSU‐T315 and Dox synergistically induce apoptosis of BC cells via mitochondrial pathway in a caspase‐dependent. Mechanically, it was found that OSU‐T315 and Dox synergistically induced activation of Bax which is critical for the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, it was also found that the downregulation of BCL‐2 and MCL‐1 is essential for the activation of BAX induced by OSU‐T315 and Dox. OSU‐T315 was found to downregulate MCL‐1 via the GSK‐3β/FBXW7 axis in BC cells. Our findings suggest that combined treatment with OSU‐T315 and Dox may be a promising strategy to treat BC.
The impact of frailty on adverse outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in older adults: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dautzenberg Lauren , van Aarle Tessa T. M. , Stella Pieter R. , Emmelot‐Vonk Marielle , Weterman Marcel A. , Koek Huiberdina L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an effective alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients who are at increased surgical risk. Consequently, frailty is common in patients undergoing TAVR.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the impact of frailty on outcomes following TAVR.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted, including all TAVR candidates who visited the geriatric outpatient clinic for preoperative screening. Frailty status was assessed according to the Groningen Frailty Indicator. The primary outcome of the study was defined as the occurrence of postoperative complications, and this was evaluated according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. An additional analysis was performed to assess the impact of frailty on 1‐year all‐cause mortality and complications within 30 days of TAVR according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC‐2) criteria. The VARC‐2 criteria provide harmonized endpoint definitions for TAVR studies.ResultsIn total, 431 patients with a mean age of 80.8 ± 6.2 years were included, of whom 56% were female. Frailty was present in 36% of the participants. Frailty was associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome of complications [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.55 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03–2.34)], 30‐day mortality [adjusted OR: 4.84 (95% CI: 1.62–14.49)], 3‐month mortality [adjusted OR: 2.52 (95% CI: 1.00–6.28)] and 1‐year mortality [adjusted OR: 2.96 (95% CI: 1.46–6.00)].ConclusionsFrailty is common in TAVR patients and is associated with an increased overall risk of postoperative complications, particularly mortality. Increased optimization of screening and treatment of frailty in the guidelines for valvular heart diseases is recommended.
Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences: A Retrospective Review Using Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Donthu Naveen , Kumar Satish , Pandey Nitesh , Lim Weng Marc , Pilling Bruce 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study offers a retrospective review of the Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (CJAS). Using bibliometric analysis, we analyze the performance (productivity, impact) and intellectual structure (major themes) of CJAS. We find that CJAS has grown in terms of its publications (productivity) and citations (impact), with a majority of its publications coming from Canada and its content being cited by many high‐quality management outlets. We also discover 10 major themes in the intellectual structure of CJAS, which include customer behaviour and organizational strategy; financial and information management; organizational ethics and legitimacy; corporate governance and risk management; organizational behaviour, growth, and development; external environment and organizational responses; organizational capabilities, resources, and performance; leadership and human resource management; international business and operations; and innovation, networks, and technology. Noteworthily, the journal's collaboration network has globally expanded and its thematic diversity has increased over time.
Oxygen scavenging systems for food packaging applications: A review
Authors: Kordjazi Zahra , Ajji Abdellah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the last decades, the food industry has seen several changes in packaging technology and applications because of new consumer demands and market trends. These drivers can be summarized as requirements for high quality, freshness, extended shelf‐life, and security of food products. Oxygen scavengers, as a type of active packaging, absorb the dissolved oxygen or the oxygen in the headspace to protect the oxygen‐sensitive food products against oxidative degradation. In this review, organic and inorganic oxygen scavengers such as iron, ascorbic acid and its derivatives, illumination‐activated scavengers, reducible organic compounds, and unsaturated hydrocarbon‐based scavengers, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and polybutadiene, have been thoroughly discussed, and the mechanism of action of each system is briefly explained. In addition, some of the issues associated with the applied traditional transition metal catalysts to accelerate the oxidation rate in oxygen scavenging systems are listed, and the results from a recent study directed towards addressing those concerns by applying TiO2 photocatalyst are presented.
Extension of the electrolyte Trebble–Bishnoi EOS to mixed‐salt systems, and application to vapour liquid and solid (hydrate) vapour liquid equilibrium calculations
Authors: Clarke Matthew A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work examines the use of the electrolyte Trebble–Bishnoi equation of state (eTBEOS) in predicting high‐pressure phase equilibria in the presence of aqueous mixed‐salt solutions. The eTBEOS combines the Trebble–Bishnoi equation of state with a Born energy term, a mean spherical approximation term, and a cation solvation term. Shortcomings in the originally regressed set of eTBEOS parameters are identified and discussed, and a new set of equation of state parameters is subsequently regressed for 58 salts. In order to extend the eTBEOS to mixed‐salt systems, two approaches for computing the EOS parameters of the ionic species are investigated. The first approach uses the originally regressed parameter set plus parameter mixing rules, where appropriate, whereas the second approach uses the newly regressed parameters and no mixing rules. In the prediction of osmotic coefficients in mixed‐salt solutions, the maximum relative difference between the experimental and computed values was 5.70%. For the gas solubility predictions, data were available for the solubility of CO2, CH4, and N2 in a small number of mixed electrolyte solutions; the maximum relative difference was 5.79%. Finally, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and CO2 gas hydrate formation conditions were predicted in a number of mixed‐salt solutions, with a maximum relative difference of 10.76%. Overall, it was seen that both approaches allowed for comparable accuracy in phase equilibrium calculations. However, in the case of solutions made from salt mixtures with common cations, the second approach consistently resulted in improved accuracy.
Numerical simulations of the spread of point‐source liquid spills in inclined and rolling rectangular packed beds
Authors: Iliuta Ion , Larachi Faïçal , Liu Wei , Luo Yong , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiquid spreading in thin rectangular vertical/inclined and oscillating porous media was simulated using a two‐fluid dynamic model as a preliminary step in the design of fixed‐bed reactors dedicated to marine applications. The model assessed the influence of capillary pressure and mechanical dispersion forces arising from the spatial inhomogeneity of point‐source liquid injections in packed beds with different particle sizes, liquid and gas flow rates, liquid viscosity, static bed tilts, and rolling amplitudes and periods. In mildly static inclined beds, the lateral gravity force component and the capillary pressure force were the main factors affecting the liquid spreading. However, at considerable bed inclinations, the liquid phase accumulation in the lowermost regions of the packed bed tended to shrink the liquid spreading. Dynamic oscillatory evolutions of the liquid spills in the rolling bed enlarged the liquid spreading length as compared to the static vertical bed due to combined lateral liquid flow and increased liquid residence time.
Experiments and simulations of settling cylinders over a wide range of Archimedes numbers
Authors: Xie Jinghan , Zhang Lijuan , Lu Menghua , Lu Jie , Derksen Jos J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantitative visualization experiments and particle‐resolved simulations of rigid cylindrical particles settling in a Newtonian liquid have been conducted. By varying the viscosity of the liquid—a glycerol‐water mixture—as well as the density of the cylinders, we were able to cover an Archimedes number range that spans almost six orders of magnitude in the experiments. The length over diameter aspect ratio of the cylinders ranged from 2.5 to 20. Cylinders were released vertically and rotated to a stable horizontal orientation in most of the lower viscosity solutions. The time required for reaching a horizontal orientation, as well as the Reynolds number at that stage, scale with the Archimedes number and only weakly depend on the aspect ratio. Particle‐resolved numerical simulations based on the lattice‐Boltzmann method complement the experimental study and illustrate the relevance of the experimental data as a benchmark for numerical approaches to solid–liquid flow with non‐spherical particles.
Real‐world effectiveness of lenvatinib monotherapy in previously treated unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in US clinical practice
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Nagar Saurabh P. , Hitchens Abby , Davis Keith L. , Iyer Shrividya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLenvatinib monotherapy was approved in the United States for first‐line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in 2018. This study assessed real‐world treatment patterns and outcomes of lenvatinib beyond first‐line systemic treatment in the United States.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted among US adults (≥18 years) with uHCC. Eligible patients initiated lenvatinib monotherapy as second‐ or later‐line systemic therapy (2L‐plus) from August 2018 to September 2019. Clinical outcomes included physician‐reported best response, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 164 patients who received lenvatinib in 2L‐plus, most (n = 133; 81.1%) received lenvatinib in 2 L. There were 109 patients (66.4%) who initiated lenvatinib after immunotherapy. At lenvatinib initiation, only 31.1% of patients had Child‐Pugh class A, while half (49.4%) had Child‐Pugh class B. Most patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B (23.8%) or C (38.4%) uHCC. Median duration of lenvatinib treatment was 6.9 months, with 42.7% of patients still on treatment at the end of follow‐up. Physician‐reported best response was complete and partial response for 8.5% and 44.5% of patients, respectively. PFS and OS rate estimates from lenvatinib initiation at 12 months were 51.7% and 57.8%, respectively. Among patients treated after immunotherapy, complete and partial responses were 10.1% and 43.1%, respectively, and PFS and OS estimates from lenvatinib initiation at 12 months were 52.8% and 60.0%, respectively.ConclusionThis retrospective study suggests clinical effectiveness of lenvatinib monotherapy in a real‐world setting among previously treated patients with uHCC, including among those previously treated with immunotherapy.
Pharmacokinetics of Esomeprazole Magnesium After Single Oral Doses in Healthy Subjects: Bioequivalence Study and Food Effects
Authors: Zhong Xue‐Feng , Zhou Gan , Xu Su‐Mei , Li Xiao‐Min , Xu Ying , Liu Wan‐Li , Zhang Yan‐Xin , He Lin‐Cong , Shen Qiu‐Ying , Xu Ping‐Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of the newly developed delayed‐release oral suspension (test) 40 mg esomeprazole magnesium compared to its marketed counterpart (40 mg; reference) in healthy adult Chinese subjects. We conducted randomized, open‐label, two‐period, single‐dose, two‐way crossover trials over a 7‐day washout period, comprising a fasting trial and a fed trial. The subjects were administered the test or reference products in a 1:1 ratio at random throughout each period. Then, in the next session, they received the alternate products. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and WinNonlin software were used to assess the bioequivalence of esomeprazole peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC). Overall, 33 subjects participated in the fasting trial and 42 subjects participated in the fed trial. Under both situations, the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of geometric means of Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were within equivalence ranges (80%–125%). In these trials, no severe adverse events or protocol violations were observed. Moreover, when esomeprazole was administered while fed, the tmax was delayed, and both Cmax and AUC were reduced. The results of this research suggest that the test and reference formulations were bioequivalent under fasting and fed states.
Evaluation of the suitability of Gardenia blue pigment derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) as a dental plaque disclosant
Authors: Jung Im‐hee , Hwang Young Sun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveDental disclosants are used to distinguish the amount and location of dental plaque. Therefore, dental disclosants are useful for dental plaque management and effective in motivating oral care. After reports on the cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis of dental disclosants containing erythrosine, many natural pigments for dental disclosants have been suggested. However, there are insufficient ingredients with proven biocompatibility for human subjects. The purpose of this study was to explore the suitability of Gardenia blue pigment as a dental disclosant.Materials and MethodsNatural Gardenia blue pigment was used as the dental disclosant experimental group and 2Tone was used as the control group. The homogeneity of the panelists in the groups was identified by measuring the gingivitis index and dental plaque index of the subjects before the experiments. The degree of pigmentation on the tooth surface was observed immediately after coloring and after 1 h. The remaining pigment on the dental surface was also monitored after brushing the teeth. In the panelist test, the taste and sensation of the pigment were examined, and the overall preference for the pigment as a dental disclosant was examined.ResultsAfter coloration of the tooth surface, neither the natural Gardenia blue pigment nor 2Tone imparted any special taste or sensation. The coloration of dental plaque with Gardenia blue pigment was similar to that of 2Tone, and the difference in the degree of coloration between Gardenia blue pigment and 2Tone was not statistically significant. The residual degree of pigmentation after 1 h of coloring was similar in both groups, but most of it was removed by brushing. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall preference of Gardenia blue pigment over 2Tone.ConclusionsThe results of this study prove that natural Gardenia blue pigment could be a suitable dental disclosant in terms of pigmentation and preference.
Probability density of irradiance for electromagnetic waves propagating through turbulent magnetized plasma
Authors: Shishter Yousef M. , Young Rupert , Ali Falah H. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryNumerous physical mediums can be modelled as turbulent magnetized plasma, for example, the solar corona, and the ionosphere. Scintillation effects on the intensity of electromagnetic beam wave propagating through magnetized plasma necessitate the introduction of a statistical distribution valid over a large range of scintillation conditions, and incorporating the plasma physical properties. Under some simplifying assumptions, such a theoretical model can be derived based on the Rytov solution, the external magnetic field variation, and the space permeating plasma electron density variation. The resultant wave intensity distribution is compared with the Lognormal, Rician, and the Nakagami distributions for different scintillations conditions. The work presented in this paper is applicable to the analysis and design of optical wireless communication links through the ionosphere and deep space plasma.
The adverse effect of modifiable dementia risk factors on cognition amplifies across the adult lifespan
Authors: LaPlume Annalise A. , McKetton Larissa , Levine Brian , Troyer Angela K. , Anderson Nicole D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundReversible lifestyle behaviors (modifiable risk factors) can reduce dementia risk by 40%, but their prevalence and association with cognition throughout the adult lifespan is less well understood.MethodsThe associations between the number of modifiable risk factors for dementia (low education, hypertension, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, alcohol or substance abuse, diabetes, smoking, and depression) and cognition were examined in an online sample (N = 22,117, ages 18–89).FindingsOlder adults (ages 66–89) had more risk factors than middle‐aged (ages 45–65) and younger adults (ages 18–44). Polynomial regression revealed that each additional risk factor was associated with lower cognitive performance (equivalent to 3 years of aging), with a larger association as age increased. People with no risk factors in their forties to seventies showed similar cognitive performance to people 10 or 20 years younger with many risk factors.InterpretationModifiable dementia risk factors amplify lifespan age differences in cognitive performance.