bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNase E biomolecular condensates stimulate PNPase activity
Authors: Collins Michael , Tomares Dylan T. , Schrader Jared M. , Childers W. Seth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBacterial Ribonucleoprotein bodies (BR-bodies) play an essential role in organizing RNA degradation via liquid-liquid phase separation in the cytoplasm of bacteria. BR-bodies mediate multi-step mRNA decay through the concerted activity of the endoribonuclease RNase E coupled with the 3’-5’ exonuclease Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase). Our pastin vivostudies indicated that the loss of PNPase recruitment into BR-bodies led to a significant build-up of RNA decay intermediates inCaulobacter crescentus. We reconstituted RNase E’s C-terminal domain together with PNPase to understand how RNase E biomolecular condensates can tailor the functions of PNPase. We found that PNPase catalytic activity is accelerated when colocalized with the RNase E biomolecular condensates. In contrast, disruption of the RNase E-PNPase protein-protein interaction led to a loss of PNPase recruitment into the BR-bodies and a loss of ribonuclease rate enhancement. We also found that BR-bodies could enhance the decay of select RNA substrates, as we observed a 3.4-fold enhancement of polyadenylic acid (poly(A)) degradation and no impact upon poly(U) degradation. Our investigation into the origins of the 3.4-fold rate enhancement for poly(A) decay indicates a combination of scaffolding and mass action effects impact due to the concentrated biomolecular condensate environment accelerating RNA decay. Consistent with our pastin vivowork, these studies suggest BR-bodies are sites of accelerated RNA decay that can shape the available transcriptome.
Cancer Cells in all EMT States Lack Rigidity Sensing Depletion of Different Tumor Suppressors Causes Loss of Rigidity Sensing in Cancer Cells
Authors: Simpson Chloe , Sundararajan Vignesh , Tan Tuan Zea , Huang Ruby , Sheetz Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer cells have many different behaviors from epithelial to mesenchymal forms. We report here that 36 distinct tumor cell lines regardless of EMT form or other features lack the ability to sense rigidity and will grow on soft surfaces. In the majority of lines, cells were missing at least one protein needed for rigidity sensing (primarily tropomyosin2.1 (Tpm2.1) but also PTPN12, FilaminA (FLNA), and myosinIIA) while all had high levels of Tpm3. In the few cases where the major rigidity sensing components were present, those tumor cells were not able to sense rigidity. Thus, we suggest that tumor cells can lose the ability to sense rigidity by many different means and that the loss of rigidity sensing is sufficient to cause the transformed phenotype that enables targeted treatments.
Fine-scale dynamics of functional connectivity in the face processing network during movie watching
Authors: Levakov Gidon , Sporns Olaf , Avidan Galia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFace are naturally dynamic, multimodal and embedded in rich social context. However, mapping the face processing network in the human brain and its relation to behavior is typically done during rest or using isolated, static face images. The use of such contrived stimuli might result in overlooking widespread cortical interactions obtained in response to naturalistic context and the temporal dynamics of these interactions. Here we examined large-scale cortical connectivity patterns measured in response to a dynamic movie in a sample of typical adults (n=517), to determine how inter-subject functional connectivity (ISFC) relates to face recognition scores. We found a positive correlation with recognition scores in edges connecting the occipital visual and anterior temporal regions and a negative correlation in edges connecting attentional dorsal, frontal default, and occipital visual regions. These ISFC patterns resembled previous findings comparing individuals with congenital prosopagnosia to normal controls and the viewing of inverted compared to upright faces. To further examine these connectivity patterns, we developed a novel method that allows analysis of inter-subject stimulus-evoked node/edge responses at a single TR resolution. Using this method, we demonstrated that co-fluctuations in face-selective edges observed here and in previous work are related to local activity in core face-selective regions. Finally, correlating this temporal decomposition of the observed ISFC patterns to the movie content revealed that they peak during boundaries between movie segments rather than during the presence of faces in the movie. Our novel approach demonstrates how visual processing of faces is linked to fine-scale dynamics in attentional, memory, and perceptual neural circuitry.
Revisiting the effects of natural resources on income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Avom Désiré , Ntsame Ovono Nesta , Ongo Nkoa Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the effects of natural resource rents on income inequality.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a panel quantile regression (QR) approach for 42 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1998–2018.

Findings
The results show that natural resource rents have a negative and statistically significant effect on income inequality. Regarding the types of resources, the results show that coal rents increase inequality, while forestry and oil rents reduce income inequality. The results also show that the effects of mining and gas rents vary along the income inequality distribution. Finally, the results reveal a negative and significant effect of natural resource rents on income inequality in all sub-regions except Southern Africa.

Practical implications
The results suggest that the SSA Governments should intensify the implementation of income redistribution policies such as family allowances to poor families with multiple children and public sector job creation. SSA policymakers should also increase access to electricity, and internet, and allocate a portion of oil revenues to create an intergenerational sovereign wealth fund.

Originality/value
First, few studies have analyzed the effects of various types of natural resource rents on income inequality. To this end, this study used the QR method to examine the impact of natural resource rents on inequality, by laying emphasis on various types of natural resources. This study takes into account the likely heterogeneity across countries that may exist when considering a sample such as SSA countries, by examining the effects in the different sub-regions that make up this part of Africa (Central Africa, West Africa, Southern Africa and East Africa).
Investor behavior and cryptocurrency market bubbles during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mnif Emna , Salhi Bassem , Mouakha Khaireddine , Jarboui Anis 
Published: June 2022

PurposeCryptocurrencies lack fundamental values and are often subject to behavioral bias leading to market bubbles. This study aims to investigate the contribution of the coronavirus pandemic to the creation of market bubbles.Design/methodology/approachThis study identifies four major cryptocurrency market bubbles by using the Phillips et al. (2016) (hereafter PSY) test. Subsequently, the co-movements of the coronavirus proxies with PSY measurement using the wavelet approach were studied.FindingsShort-lived bubbles are detected at the beginning of the studied period, and more extended bubble periods are identified at the end. Besides, the empirical results show evidence of significant negative co-movement between each pandemic proxy and each cryptocurrency bubble measurement.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the complex financial dynamics of the cryptocurrency markets due to some behavioral biases in some circumstances, investors can benefit from the date stamping of the bubbles bursting to make the best trading positions. In the same way, governments could support the healthy development of cryptocurrencies by preventing bubbles during such pandemics.Originality/valueThe financial bubble is commonly attributed to a change in investor behavior. Because traders and investors think they can resell the asset at a higher price in the future. This study explored the contribution of the COVID-19 pandemic in the creation of these bubbles by date stamping their occurrence and explosive periods. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt that explores the contribution of the COVID-19 pandemic to the creation of bubbles caused by a change in the investors’ behavior.
Cavities excavated by woodpeckers limit populations of other cavity‐nesting birds
Authors: Walters Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch Highlight: Trzcinski, M., Cockle, K., Norris, A., Edworthy, A., Wiebe, K., & Martin, K. (2022). Woodpeckers maintain the diversity of cavity‐nesting vertebrates in a temperate forest. Journal of Animal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365‐2656.13626. Whether populations of hole‐nesting birds are limited by the availability of cavities is a long‐standing, fundamental question in avian community ecology. The structure of cavity‐nesting communities, known as nest webs, includes links between tree species that provide natural holes and bird species that nest in those holes (secondary cavity nesters, SCNs), tree species that provide substrates for cavity excavation and bird species such as woodpeckers that create cavities using those substrates (primary cavity nesters, PCNs), and between PCNs and SCNs. Trzcinski et al. (2022) focus on the latter links and provide the most compelling empirical evidence to date that cavities created by PCNs specifically, as opposed to natural holes or holes generally, limit populations of SCNs. Using data from a long‐term study, the authors employ three analyses to separate effects of availability of cavities from environmental factors such as food, habitat features and host tree abundance, while controlling for annual variation and autocorrelation within sites, to isolate the relationship between excavated cavities and SCN numbers. They show that nest density of SCNs is positively related to PCN nest density the previous year, an indicator of availability of excavated cavities, and that the effect of PCNs is stronger when other variables are accounted for. North American coniferous forests such as that studied by Trzcinski et al. (2022) are exceptional in that excavated cavities comprise the vast majority of nesting holes. Whether their findings apply to other systems in which PCNs are a major source of cavities, or to particular PCN–SCN relationships in systems in which excavated cavities account for a much lower proportion of nesting holes remains to be investigated.
Comparison of abusive head trauma versus non‐inflicted subdural haematoma in infants: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Snelling Peter J , Aruljoe Thanasingam Anthony , Jones Philip , Connors Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the characteristics of subdural haematoma (SDH) in children under the age of 2 years, between inflicted, otherwise known as abusive head trauma (AHT), and non‐inflicted aetiologies.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 37 cases of SDH in children under the age of 2 years presenting to the ED at an Australian tertiary children's hospital between January 2009 and December 2012 and been assessed by the Child Protection Unit. SDH aetiology was classified into AHT and non‐inflicted groups, based on child protection interagency outcome. These groups were compared to determine clinical associations with AHT.ResultsOf the 37 infants with SDH, 20 cases were deemed due to AHT, whereas 17 cases were determined to be non‐inflicted SDH (15 cases due to accidental trauma and two cases due to congenital benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space). SDH due to AHT was associated with antenatal maternal drug use, previous Department of Child Safety involvement, delayed presentation, history of seizures, floppiness or altered level of consciousness; extracranial findings of fractures, bruising or retinal haemorrhages; radiological findings of >5 mm depth, bilateral, inter‐hemispheric blood, posterior fossa blood and diffusion restriction; and outcomes of death or permanent disability. Non‐inflicted SDH was associated with witnessed injury, falls and scalp haematoma on imaging.ConclusionsInfant SDH due to AHT accounts for high mortality and morbidity. Early identification of these patients in the ED with referral to specialised units that investigate for potential child abuse is essential.
Central role for p62/SQSTM1 in the elimination of toxic tau species in a mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Ono Maiko , Komatsu Masaaki , Ji Bin , Takado Yuhei , Shimojo Masafumi , Minamihisamatsu Takeharu , Warabi Eiji , Yanagawa Toru , Matsumoto Gen , Aoki Ichio , Kanaan Nicholas M. , Suhara Tetsuya , Sahara Naruhiko , Higuchi Makoto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntracellular accumulation of filamentous tau aggregates with progressive neuronal loss is a common characteristic of tauopathies. Although the neurodegenerative mechanism of tau‐associated pathology remains unclear, molecular elements capable of degrading and/or sequestering neurotoxic tau species may suppress neurodegenerative progression. Here, we provide evidence that p62/SQSTM1, a ubiquitinated cargo receptor for selective autophagy, acts protectively against neuronal death and neuroinflammation provoked by abnormal tau accumulation. P301S mutant tau transgenic mice (line PS19) exhibited accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles with localization of p62 mostly in the brainstem, but neuronal loss with few neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus. In the hippocampus of PS19 mice, the p62 level was lower compared to the brainstem, and punctate accumulation of phosphorylated tau unaccompanied by co‐localization of p62 was observed. In PS19 mice deficient in p62 (PS19/p62‐KO), increased accumulation of phosphorylated tau, acceleration of neuronal loss, and exacerbation of neuroinflammation were observed in the hippocampus as compared with PS19 mice. In addition, increase of abnormal tau and neuroinflammation were observed in the brainstem of PS19/p62‐KO. Immunostaining and dot‐blot analysis with an antibody selectively recognizing tau dimers and higher‐order oligomers revealed that oligomeric tau species in PS19/p62‐KO mice were significantly accumulated as compared to PS19 mice, suggesting the requirement of p62 to eliminate disease‐related oligomeric tau species. Our findings indicated that p62 exerts neuroprotection against tau pathologies by eliminating neurotoxic tau species, suggesting that the manipulative p62 and selective autophagy may provide an intrinsic therapy for the treatment of tauopathy.
Identification of genes associated with feather color in Liancheng white duck using FST analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Liubin , Yang Sendong , Jia Zijia , Cai Jinping , Rong Li , Wu Xueying , Fan Lingzhi , Gong Yanchang , Li ShiJun 
Published: June 2022

SummaryLiancheng white duck has two phenotypic traits: white feather and black beak–black foot, but the genes controlling these phenotypic traits are unknown. The objective of this study is to identify various candidate genes related to the plumage of Liancheng white duck. This study used F2 population construction generated between white Kaiya duck and Liancheng white duck and FST analysis between the dominant and recessive loci associated with the Liancheng white duck white feather in order to identify specific gene regions. As per the feather color statistics of the F2 population, it is estimated that there are about three or four genes controlling the white feather of Liancheng white ducks, and the FST results showed that four significant signals were found on chromosomes 4, 12, 13, and 21. Further annotation of these regions led to the identification of five genes involved in the melanin pathway, namely, KIT, CLOCK, MITF, CEBPA, and DOK5. Among them, CEBPA and DOK5 might be affecting the white feather traits of Liancheng white duck by regulating the melanin production and its transfer to the feather. The results provide insightful understanding into the genetic mechanisms of white feather in Liancheng white duck.
Association between serum vitamin D level during pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Shaojie , Zhang Chao , Wu Xiaochang , Zhou Li , Zou Xuanmin , Guan Tianyue , Zhang Zhihua , Hao Jiahu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProblemPrevious studies had shown that there might be an association between serum vitamin D concentrations and the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). However, the conclusions remained controversial. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence for an epidemiological association between vitamin D and RSA.Method of studyThe literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Chinese databases. The I2 statistic was used to evaluate heterogeneity. Effect sizes were calculated using fixed or random effects models, including standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Then, we performed subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis.ResultsFourteen studies from five countries were included. Based on the results, patients with RSA had lower vitamin D levels than controls (SMD = ‐1.48, 95% CI: ‐2.01, ‐.94, P < .001), and pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) had a higher risk of developing RSA (OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 2.23, 7.25, P < .001). There was remarkable heterogeneity between studies (I2SMD = 97.3%, P < .001; I2OR = 82.2%, P < .001). The results of the subgroup analysis suggested that heterogeneity may be caused by the assay method, age and region. Sensitivity analysis showed the analysis results were robust.ConclusionPatients with RSA had lower serum vitamin D levels than normal pregnant women, and pregnant women with VDD might be at higher risk for RSA.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pregnant women and neonates with COVID‐19 in Northwest Mexico
Authors: Leon‐Sicairos Nidia , Angulo‐Zamudio Uriel A. , Pacheco‐Avila Mireya , Medina‐Ramirez Ivan , Velazquez‐Roman Jorge , Angulo‐Rocha Jorge , Martínez‐Villa Francisco A. , Flores‐Villaseñor Hector , Martinez‐Garcia Jesus J. , Sanchez‐Cuen Jaime , Garzon‐Lopez Oscar , Guel‐Gomez Martha , Cuen‐Diaz Hector Melesio , Barajas‐Olivas Mario Francisco , Campos‐Romero Abraham , Alcántar‐Fernández Jonathan , Esparza Marco A. Luna‐Ruiz , Canizalez‐Roman Adrian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, which causes COVID‐19, has spread quickly worldwide, causing millions of cases and thousands of deaths. Some risk factors in the general population are related to the development of severe COVID‐19 or death, but in pregnant women and neonates, the information is limited.ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pregnant women and neonates diagnosed with COVID‐19 by RT–PCR and serological tests, and analyze the relationship between the influenza vaccination and COVID‐19 symptoms in infected pregnant women in Sinaloa state.MethodsWe collected samples from 116 pregnant women and 84 neonates from the Women´s Hospital of Sinaloa. They were diagnosed with COVID‐19 by RT–PCR and serological tests (IgG), and sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded.ResultsA total of 11.2% (13/116) of the pregnant women were RT–PCR+, 25% (29/116) were IgG+ and 4.3% (5/116) were positive for both tests. Symptoms such as rhinorrhea (P = .04), cough (P = .02) and polypnea (P = .04) in pregnant women were related to COVID‐19, also leukocyte index was higher in pregnant women with COVID‐19 (P = .03), but the associations were lost after the Bonferroni correction. No laboratory parameters or underlying diseases were associated with COVID‐19, and most infected pregnant women had mild cases. We found an association between the influenza vaccine and less common COVID‐19 symptoms in pregnant women who were infected (P = .01). A total of 7.2% (6/84) of neonates were RT–PCR+, 35.7% (30/84) were IgG+, and there were no symptoms or underlying diseases associated with neonates who were infected. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that some symptoms were related to COVID‐19, most pregnant women and neonates had mild cases, and the influenza vaccine could decrease the severity of COVID‐19 cases in pregnant women.
Government‐led initiative increased the effective use of Kangaroo Mother Care in a region of North India
Authors: Jadaun Arun S. , Dalpath Suresh K. , Trikha Sonia , Upadhyay Ravi P. , Bhandari Nita , Punia Jaswant Singh , Rawal Manoj , Martines Jose Carlos , Bahl Rajiv , Agarwal Ramesh , Mazumder Sarmila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo learn how to achieve high‐quality, effective coverage of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), defined as 8 hours or more of skin‐to‐skin contact per day and exclusive breastfeeding in district Sonipat in North India, and to develop and evaluate an implementation model.MethodsWe conducted implementation research using a mixed‐methods approach, including formative research, followed by repeated, rapid cycles of implementation, evaluation and refinement until a model with the potential for high and effective coverage was reached. Evaluation of this model was conducted over a 12‐month period.ResultsFormative research findings informed the final implementation model. Programme learning was critical to achieve high coverage. The model included improving the identification of small babies, creating KMC wards, modification in hospitalisation criteria, private sector engagement and in‐built programme learning to refine implementation progress. KMC was initiated in 87% of eligible babies. At discharge, 85% received skin‐to‐skin contact care, 60% effective KMC and 80% were exclusively breastfed. At home, 7‐day post discharge, 81% received skin‐to‐skin care and 79% were exclusively breastfed in the previous 24 hours.ConclusionAchieving high KMC coverage is feasible in the study setting using a model responsive to the local context and led by the Government.
Mutation profiles in circulating cell‐free DNA predict acquired resistance to olaparib in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Hu Dianxing , Guo Ensong , Yang Bin , Qin Xu , Fu Yu , Fan Junpeng , Zhuang Xucui , Yao Qianqian , Lu Funian , Li Wenting , Xiao Rourou , Wu Xue , Yang Xiaohang , Wang Zizhuo , Liu Chen , You Lixin , Zang Rongyu , Zhou Qi , Zhao Weidong , Chen Gang , Sun Chaoyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough resistance to poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has gradually become a major challenge in the maintenance therapy for high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), there are no universal indicators for resistance monitoring in patients. A key resistance mechanism to PARPi is the restoration of homologous recombination repair (HRR), including BRCA reversion mutations and changes in DNA damage repair proteins. To explore mutation profiles associated with PARPi resistance, we undertook targeted 42‐gene deep sequencing of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from HGSOC patients pre‐ and post‐treatment with olaparib maintenance therapy. We found that pathogenic germline mutations in the HRR pathway, including BRCA1/2, were strongly associated with improved clinical outcomes, and newly acquired MRE11A mutations significantly shortened the progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients. Furthermore, dynamic fluctuations of somatic mutation sites in CHEK2:p.K373E and CHEK2:p.R406H can be used for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of patients. MRE11A:p.K464R might be a vital driving factor of olaparib resistance, as patients with newly acquired MRE11A:p.K464R in post‐treatment cfDNA had significantly shorter PFS than those without it. These findings provide potential noninvasive biomarkers for efficacy evaluation and resistance monitoring of olaparib treatment, and lay the foundation for developing combination treatment after olaparib resistance.