bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat dissipation in partially perforated phononic nano-membranes with periodicities below 100 nm
Authors: Massoud Antonin M. , Lacatena Valeria , Haras Maciej , Dubois Emmanuel , Monfray Stéphane , Bluet Jean-Marie , Chapuis Pierre-Olivier , Robillard Jean-François 
Published: May 2022

Understanding how thermal-phonon paths can be shaped is key for controlling heat dissipation at the nanoscale. Thermophononic crystals are periodic porous nanostructures with thermal conductivity deviating from effective medium theory, which is possible if the characteristic sizes are of the order of phonon mean free paths and/or if phonons are forced to flow in privileged directions. We investigate suspended silicon nanomembranes with a periodic array of partially perforated holes of original paraboloid shape, with all characteristic lengths below 100 nm. Results from scanning thermal microscopy, a thermal sensing technique derived from atomic force microscopy, indicate that partial perforation of the membranes impacts heat conduction moderately, with the holey crystals showing a thermal conductivity reduction by a factor 6 in comparison to the bulk and a factor 2.5 in comparison to the non-perforated membrane. The impact of the phononic shapes is analyzed in light of a complementary Monte Carlo ray-tracing estimate of the effective phonon mean free paths that include multiple phonon reflection and highlights phonon backscattering.
Morphological and physiological traits of roots and their relationships with shoot growth and grain yield in direct-seeded rice in northeastern China
Authors: Liu Yueyue , He Chunyu , Gai Dongsheng , Geng Yanqiu , Guo Liying , Shao Xiwen 
Published: May 2022

Context In recent years, direct-seeded rice (DSR) cultivation methods have been widely adopted in Asia. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and associated plant traits of DSR in northeastern China. Methods A 2-year field experiment was conducted using two varieties under three cultivation methods (1) conventional transplanted rice (CTR); (2) wet direct-seeded rice (WDSR); and (3) dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR). Key results The grain yield of CTR and DSR ranged from 10.16 to 9.39 t ha−1 and from 8.85 to 6.90 t ha−1, respectively, accross varieties and years. The wide difference was attributed to the differences in spikelet number per panicle and biomass. Compared with the CTR, the DSR decreased the spikelet number per panicle, which resulted in lower spikelet number per m2. Meanwhile, a significant positive correlation was observed between spikelet number per m2 and nitrogen uptake. The nitrogen uptake of CTR and DSR ranged from 151 to 153 kg ha−1 and from 96 to 132 kg ha−1, respectively. The root biomass, root length and zeatin + zeatin riboside contents in roots were higher in CTR than DSR, which contributed to the higher nitrogen uptake. Conclusions These results suggest that DSR reduced nitrogen uptake, thereby resulting in decreased number of spikelets per panicle, and hence lower rice grain yield. Implications These findings have highlighted the deficiencies in direct seeded rice system, and further research is required to overcome these deficiencies.
Deltamethrin reduces survival of non-target small mammals
Authors: Goldberg Amanda R. , Biggins Dean E. , Ramakrishnan Shantini , Bowser Jonathan W. , Conway Courtney J. , Eads David A. , Wimsatt Jeffrey 
Published: May 2022

Context Vector-borne diseases have caused global pandemics and were responsible for more human deaths than all other causes combined in prior centuries. In the past 60 years, prevention and control programs have helped reduce human mortality from vector-borne diseases, but impacts of those control programs on wildlife populations are not well documented. Insecticides are used to reduce vector-borne diseases in several critically endangered animal populations. Although insecticides are often effective at controlling targeted vectors, their effects on non-target species have rarely been examined. Aims To evaluate the impact of deltamethrin (an insecticide) on sympatric non-target species in areas affected by sylvatic plague, a lethal flea-borne zoonosis. Methods We compared flea control and the effect of deltamethrin application on survival of non-target small mammals (Peromyscus maniculatus, Chaetodipus hispidus, Microtus spp., and Reithrodontomys megalotis) at three study locations in South Dakota, Colorado, and Idaho, USA. Key results Deltamethrin treatments were more effective in reducing fleas on P. maniculatus and Microtus spp. than C. hispidus. Following burrow, nest, and bait-station applications of deltamethrin dust, apparent small mammal survival was greater for non-treatment animals than for flea-reduction animals. However, the magnitude of the difference between treated and non-treated animals differed among host species, study location, time interval, and treatment application method. Conclusions Our results suggest that considering the impact of deltamethrin on co-occurring non-target species before widespread application in future insecticide applications is warranted. Implications Insecticide application methods warrant consideration when designing plague management actions.
Characterization of gravitational-wave detector noise with fractals
Authors: Cavaglià Marco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present a new method, based on fractal analysis, to characterize the output of a physical detector that is in the form of a set of real-valued, discrete physical measurements. We apply the method to gravitational-wave data from the latest observing run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory. We show that a measure of the fractal dimension of the main detector output (strain channel) can be used to determine the instrument status, test data stationarity, and identify non-astrophysical excess noise in low latency. When applied to instrument control and environmental data (auxiliary channels) the fractal dimension can be used to identify the origins of noise transients, non-linear couplings in the various detector subsystems, and provide a means to flag stretches of low-quality data.
Rubidium atom spectral lineshapes in high intensity light fields near an optical nanofibre
Authors: Gokhroo Vandna , Kien Fam Le , Nic Chormaic Síle 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The integration of cold atomic systems with optical nanofibres (ONFs) is an increasingly important experimental platform. Here, we report on the spectra observed during a strongly driven, single-frequency, two-photon excitation of cold rubidium atoms near an ONF. At resonance, two competitive processes, namely a higher excitation rate and stronger pushing of atoms from the nanofibre due to resonance scattering, need to be considered. We discuss the processes that lead to the observed two-peak profile in the fluorescence spectrum as the excitation laser is scanned across the resonance, noting that the presence of the ONF dramatically changes the fluorescence signal. These observations are useful for experiments where high electric field intensities near an ONF are needed, for example when driving nonlinear processes.
Time-dependent quantum teleportation via a parametric converter
Authors: Qureshi Haleema Sadia , Ullah Shakir , Ghafoor Fazal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Quantum state teleportation is an important protocol that plays a pivotal role in various quantum information tasks. Here we theoretically investigate quantum state teleportation by exploiting a general two-mode Gaussian entangled state produced by a parametric converter when two single-mode Gaussian states (SMGSs) in terms of the non-classicality and purity are employed as inputs to the parametric converter. In particular, the time-dependent teleportation fidelity is analyzed with respect to the squeezing parameter and phase-space quadratures of the teleported squeezed coherent state. We show that the teleportation fidelity is maximal when ratio of the expectation values of photon number in the two modes of the evolved Gaussian entangled state is equal to 1. Quantum state teleportation in terms of the purity and non-classicality of the general two SMGSs seems to be a good choice for experimental realization of quantum communication and information processing.
Diffusion mechanism in a sodium superionic sulfide-based solid electrolyte: Na11Sn2AsS12
Authors: Tiwari Anurag , Singh Shishir K , Srivastava Nitin , Meghnani Dipika , Mishra Raghvendra , Tiwari Rupesh K , Patel Anupam , Gupta Himani , Tiwari Vimal K , Singh Rajendra K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, in all solid-state batteries, sulfide-based solid electrolytes have received increased attention due to their high ionic conductivity, good mechanical features, and better chemical stability. Therefore, in the present study, we have synthesized a novel sodium superionic conducting sulfide-based inorganic solid electrolyte (Na11Sn2AsS12) using a solid-state reaction method. The prepared solid electrolyte (Na11Sn2AsS12) is characterized by different techniques such as x-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry to study its various properties such as structure, surface morphology, thermal stability, dielectric properties, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability window for sodium ion battery (SIB) applications. The XRD analysis confirms two coexisting phases—tetragonal and cubic, with phase fractions of 0.69 and 0.31, respectively. The SEM study reveals the irregular shape and dense morphology of the solid electrolyte. On the other hand, TGA shows that the prepared solid electrolyte is suitable for high temperature battery applications. The ionic and transport studies confirm that the synthesized Na11Sn2AsS12 is purely ionic in nature, with ionic conductivity found to be

1.14
×

10

−
4

S cm−1 and negligible electronic conductivity ∼

1.43
×

10

−
10

S cm−1 at room temperature. Furthermore, the detailed ionic conduction mechanism is studied using temperature and frequency-dependent AC impedance analysis. In addition, the synthesized solid electrolyte Na11Sn2AsS12 exhibits a wide electrochemical window (∼7.0 V) and a high diffusion coefficient (

1.3
×

10

−
7

cm2 s−1) showing suitable electrolyte properties for solid-state SIB applications.
Radiation pattern in a tunable plasma window antenna
Authors: Ye Xin , Wang Yongge , Yao Jingfeng , Yuan Chengxun , Zhou Zhongxiang , Astafiev Aleksandr M , Kudryavtsev Anatoly A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The work aims to theoretically and experimentally investigate the radiation characteristics of the plasma window antenna for beam-steering applications. The antenna system consists of a wire antenna in the center, surrounded by a circular array of 22 cylindrical plasma columns. The research reveals that the radiation pattern of the antenna system can be simply controlled by exploiting the variable parameters, such as working frequency, driving current, and plasma configurations. It implies that the beam narrows as the plasma antenna aperture decreases, implying a greater directivity. By electrically tuning the plasma, a maximum directivity of 9.09 dBi and a minimum half-power beam width of 35.86∘ emerged for a specific configuration. The results show that higher currents prevent radiation from escaping from the plasma shell, while higher frequency microwaves are more likely to penetrate the plasma blanket.
PtNi multi-branched nanostructures as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for fuel cell
Authors: Zhao Kai , Qian Tangjiang , Bai Xiaoyan , Feng Menglin , Gao Han , Xia Tianyu , Wang Ziyu , Guo Haizhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fuel cells are highly efficient conversion devices to alleviate energy crisis and environmental pollution, but still encounter technical challenges to further improve catalytic efficiency of Pt-based electrocatalysts. In this work, PtNi multi-branched nanostructures (PtNi MBNs) were successfully prepared by a simple and economical one-step solvothermal method. The average diameter of the branches is about 9 nm, with numerous atom steps and Pt-rich surface. The prepared electrocatalyst shows excellent bifunctionality in acidic electrolytes, catalyzing both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The half-wave potential of 0.966 V for ORR is much higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.931 V), and only decreases 14 mV after 8000 cycles. For MOR, the specific activity of PtNi MBNs is 18.1 A

m

Pt

−
2

, better than that of commercial Pt/C (7.8 A

m

Pt

−
2

), indicating an optimal intrinsic activity. The remarkable bifunctionality of PtNi MBNs is attributed to the exposed electrochemical surface area, abundant atomic steps, and Pt-rich surface provided by the unique MBN. This facile preparation technique offers a promising application for designing high-performance electrocatalyst for acid direct methanol fuel cell in the future.
Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry for two-dimensional thin film thickness measurement using a digital light processing projector
Authors: Kim Min-gab 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An improved version of spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry is described for accurate reconstruction of two-dimensional thin film thickness. A digital light processing projector enables a selected area of the back focal plane of the objective lens to be illuminated so that the angle of incidence and the polarization state of the light source vary depending on the area of the back focal plane being illuminated. By combining multiple images of the object plane obtained at different polarization states, every pixel in the field of view has its own ellipsometric parameters; therefore a reconstruction of two-dimensional thin film thickness is possible. Because the proposed ellipsometry system has a co-axial optical structure in which the objective lens is arranged in the normal direction to the measurement target, the spatial resolution is improved due to the application of a high-magnitude objective lens. In addition, spectroscopic analysis can be conducted using a number of band-pass filters which each have a central wavelength. The effect of the proposed method on thin film thickness measurement was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with a topographic profile obtained using a commercial atomic force microscope.
Improved integrated navigation method of micro position and orientation system based on installation error angle calibration
Authors: Qu Chunyu , Li Jianli , Zhang Wu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Micro position and orientation systems (POSs) are motion compensation equipment for airborne remote sensing systems, and are composed of an inertial navigation system (INS) and a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) with double antennas. INS/GNSS integrated navigation is a key technology to measure micro POS motion information. However, the installation error angle between the INS and dual antennas seriously reduces the navigation accuracy. To solve this problem, an improved integrated navigation method of micro POS based on installation error angle calibration is proposed. First, a calibration method for the installation error angle based on a high-precision POS and the dual antennas is presented. Then, an improved real-time navigation algorithm based on error angle compensation is established. Finally, the flight experiment results indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve the navigation accuracy compared to the uncalibrated method, especially the attitude and velocity accuracies, which are improved by 36% and 27%, respectively.
TransDose: a transformer-based UNet model for fast and accurate dose calculation for MR-LINACs
Authors: Xiao Fan , Cai Jiajun , Zhou Xuanru , Zhou Linghong , Song Ting , Li Yongbao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. To present a transformer-based UNet model (TransDose) for fast and accurate dose calculation for magnetic resonance-linear accelerators (MR-LINACs). Approach. A 2D fluence map from each beam was first projected into a 3D fluence volume and then fed into the TransDose model together with patient density volume and output predicted beam dose. The proposed TransDose model combined a 3D residual UNet with a transformer encoder, where convolutional layers extracted the volumetric spatial features, and the transformer encoder processed the long-range dependencies in a global space. Ninety-eight cases with four tumor sites (brain, nasopharynx, lung, and rectum) treated with fixed-beam intensity-modulated radiotherapy were included in the dataset; 78 cases were used for model training and validation; and 20 cases were used for testing. The ground-truth beam doses were calculated with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations within 1% statistical uncertainty and magnetic field strength B = 1.5 T in the superior and inferior direction. Beam angles from the training and validation datasets were rotated 2–5 times, and doses were recalculated to augment the datasets. Results. The dose-volume histograms and indices between the predicted and MC doses showed good consistency. The average 3D γ-passing rates (3%/2 mm, for dose regions above 10% of maximum dose) were 99.13 ± 0.89% (brain), 98.31 ± 1.92% (nasopharynx), 98.74 ± 0.70% (lung), and 99.28 ± 0.25% (rectum). The average dose calculation time, which included the fluence projection and model prediction, was less than 310 ms for each beam. Significance. We successfully developed a transformer-based UNet dose calculation model—TransDose in magnetic fields. Its accuracy and efficiency indicated its potential for use in online adaptive plan optimization for MR-LINACs.
Physics of thermionic orificed hollow cathodes: II. Scaling laws and design rules
Authors: Taunay P-Y C R , Wordingham C J , Choueiri E Y 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scaling laws for the total pressure, electron temperature, and attachment length within orificed hollow cathodes are derived from a theoretical zero-dimensional model combined with a charge-exchange-limited ambipolar diffusion model. These quantities are critical as they control the operational life of thermionic hollow cathode inserts. The underlying models were delineated and evaluated experimentally in a companion paper (Part 1). In the present paper, scaling laws are derived from first principles for the total pressure, and from a semi-analytical approach for the electron temperature and attachment length. The total pressure is found to scale with the sum of the square of the mass flow rate multiplied by a weak function of discharge current, and with the square of the discharge current. This scaling can be physically interpreted as due to the relative importance of the Lorentz force density and the gasdynamic pressure. Both electron temperature and attachment length are found to vary inversely with the neutral gas pressure-cathode diameter product. The predicted emission length is found to be between 0.6–1.4 times the insert radius for the experimental data considered, to scale weakly with the pressure-diameter product for Pd ⩾ 2 Torr-cm, and to be nearly independent of the orifice diameter. The analysis suggests that the diffusion-dominated nature of the insert plasma can account for the scaling of the emission length. A general cathode design rule is formulated based on the results of the analysis: the insert diameter should be chosen such that the attachment length is similar to the insert length to minimize the emission current density.
A novel design of ultrasonic vibration system: asymmetric structure
Authors: Zhao Chongyang , Wang Zhenzhou , Wang Xiaobo , Zhao Bo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper designs an acoustic system of asymmetrical structure based on the theory of wave. Firstly, the frequency equation of asymmetric structural horn (ASH) was obtained by wave theory, the structural dimension of ASH was calculated based on frequency equation. Then, the influence law of different structural parameters on the resonance frequency and amplification coefficient of ASH was obtained. Simulation results demonstrated that the minimum error of the resonant frequency of the designed horn was 0.16%, and the maximum error was 7.57%. Effect of the change of the horn geometry on the acoustic parameters of the acoustic system was analyzed, and the results manifest that the order of influence on the resonance frequency was

l
2

>

l
1

>

r
2

>
θ

, the order of influence on the amplification coefficient was

l
1

>

r
2

>

l
2

>
θ

. Finally, the variable horn was processed in segmented and integral two processing methods, and its acoustic performance was tested. Results indicated that the vibration form of the horn output was the vertical vibration accompanied by the slightly curved vibration and the longitudinal vibration amplitude of ASH with resonant frequency of 30–35 kHz can reach 5

μ

m

. ASH meets the requirements of amplitude in ultrasonic assisted machining and can further expand the application field of ultrasonic machining.
Fibre-optic measurement of strain and shape on a helicopter rotor blade during a ground run: 2. Measurement of shape
Authors: Kissinger Thomas , James Stephen W , Weber Simone , Mullaney Kevin , Chehura Edmond , H Pekmezci Huseyin , H Barrington James , E Staines Stephen , Charrett Thomas O H , J Lawson Nicholas , Lone Mudassir , Atack Richard , Tatam Ralph P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Optical fibre strain and shape measurement sensors were deployed on a rotor blade during a full-speed helicopter ground run, with real-time data wirelessly streamed from rotor hub-mounted sensor interrogators. In part 2 of a 2-part paper series, two-dimensional direct fibre-optic shape sensing (DFOSS), using fibre segment interferometry-based interrogation is investigated. The concept of blade shape change visualisation over one rotation period using rotation displacement surfaces is introduced and the usefulness of DFOSS data to gain additional insights by determining operational modal frequencies independently for both horizontal and vertical vibration directions of the blade is demonstrated.
Design, simulation, and motion characteristics of a novel impact piezoelectric actuator using double stators
Authors: Pan Qiaosheng , Zhao Mingfei , Wang Ya , Li Chen , Huang Qiangxian , Huang Bin , Li Ruijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study presents a novel impact piezoelectric motor that excites double stators through a sinusoidal signal. A sawtooth signal drives the traditional impact piezoelectric actuator, and its working frequency is limited by the resonant frequency. This study uses sine signals to drive the double stators to produce a sinusoidal vibration. The sinusoidal vibration of different frequencies and amplitudes are synthesised into a sawtooth vibration on the stage plate. The directional movement of the slider is realised using the vibration of the stage plate to drive the slider. This structure reduces the space required for the piezoelectric actuator to work. The working principle of the motor is discussed, and the structure is constructed. The dynamics model of the whole system is established on the based of the dynamics model of the actuator and the LuGre friction model. Moreover, the dynamics model was simulated and analysed through MATLAB/Simulink. The prototype is fabricated and tested. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of using sinusoidal signals to drive the piezoelectric actuator, and the motion process of the piezoelectric motor is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The maximum speed of the piezoelectric actuator is 5.54 mm s−1, and the resolution is 0.72 μm. This study provides an effective driving method for the quasi-static piezoelectric motor to improve the working frequency.