bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring a market-like organizational system’s performance by considering the efficiency/effectiveness trade-off in micro-level exchanges
Authors: Shi Lin 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe study explores how a market-like organizational system realizes efficient and/or effective development by investigating the efficiency/effectiveness trade-off in micro-level exchanges.Design/methodology/approachThe study is motivated by two principles: reciprocity and similarity. Reciprocal benefits drive exchanges. Accordingly, two agents for a potential exchange should have different resources. However, differences in resources usually cause lack of trust, which hinders the efficient occurrence of exchanges. Alternatively, if two parties have similar resource positions, they can conduct an exchange efficiently. Nevertheless, the similarity makes the exchange less effective. Therefore, an efficiency/effectiveness trade-off exists in micro-level exchanges. To understand how different focuses on the efficiency/effectiveness trade-off shape the macro-level performance, the author develops a complex adaptive systems model for computer simulations.FindingsThe author finds that an efficiency-focus institution facilitates a market-like organizational system's rapid emergence but hinders the system's effective development.Research limitations/implicationsThe study develops a model of how a dyadic exchange happens (or not) between any two parties in a competitive and uncertain environment and how the micro-level exchanges aggregate, suggesting one specific way to understand the micro-to-macro process of a market-like organizational system's economic dynamism. Future research is expected to improve the model with different contingencies.Practical implicationsThe study's findings suggest that the efficiency-focus institution and the effectiveness-focus institution should be used at different times in a market-like organizational system's development process.Originality/valueThe study investigates the macro-level consequences building upon the micro-level efficiency/effectiveness trade-off.
Enhancement of vitamin D2 in edible mushroom using ultraviolet irradiation and assessing its storage and cooking stability
Authors: Malik Muneeb Ahmad , Jan Yasmeena , Haq Afrozul , Kaur Jasmeet , Panda Bibhu Prasad 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to optimize the parameters for enhancing the vitamin D2 formation in three edible mushroom varieties, namely, shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.

Design/methodology/approach
Freshly harvested mushrooms were irradiated with UV-B and UV-C lamps. Further, mushrooms were treated with UV-B at a distance ranging between 10 and 50 cm from the UV light source, for 15–150 min, to maximize the conversion of ergosterol to vitamin D2. Analysis of vitamin D2 content in mushrooms before and after UV exposure was done by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Findings
HPLC results showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in vitamin D2 levels of shiitake (17.3 ± 0.35 µg/g), button (24.9 ± 0.71 µg/g) and oyster (19.1 ± 0.35 µg/g) mushrooms, irradiated with UV-B at a distance of 20–30 cm for 120 min. Further, stability studies revealed that vitamin D2 levels in UV-B-irradiated mushrooms gradually increased for 48 and 72 h of storage at room and refrigeration temperatures, respectively. During cooking operations, 62%–93% of vitamin D2 was retained in UV-B-irradiated mushrooms.

Originality/value
This study describes the most effective parameters such as ideal wavelength, mushrooms size, duration of exposure and distance from UV sources for maximum vitamin D2 formation in edible mushrooms using UV irradiation. Further, assessment of vitamin D2 stability in UV exposed mushrooms during storage period and cooking operations has been carried out. In addition, this study also provides a comparison of the vitamin D2 levels of the three widely cultivated and consumed mushroom varieties treated simultaneously under similar UV exposure conditions.
Chair–CEO demographic dissimilarities and firm internationalization
Authors: Chow Yee Peng 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between chair–chief executive officer (CEO) demographic dissimilarities and firm internationalization.Design/methodology/approachThe pooled ordinary least squares regression is used on a sample of listed firms in Malaysia from 2013 to 2017. This study considers three demographic dissimilarities between the chair and CEO, i.e. differences in age, educational background and nationality.FindingsThe results reveal that demographic dissimilarities between the chair and CEO, notably differences in nationality, may result in conflicting cognitive styles, which in turn may impede the firms’ ability to expand internationally, as compared to differences in age and educational background. The findings demonstrate the deleterious effects of demographic dissimilarity between these two individuals in the highest echelons on the firms’ internationalization strategy due to poor communication and lack of ability to cooperate when dissatisfaction and conflicts intensify between these corporate elites.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper makes the first attempt to examine the influence of chair–CEO demographic dissimilarities on firm internationalization. Previous studies examining firms’ internationalization strategy, for the most part, restricted their scope to either the board members or top management team characteristics, but had largely overlooked the nexus between nonexecutive and executive directors through the chair and CEO. A focus on the demographic dissimilarities between the co-leaders of the firm is essential to improve the understanding of the collaboration and rivalry between them, which may affect board effectiveness and firm internationalization.
Changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles along a forest disturbance gradient in tropical karst ecosystems on islands of Vietnam
Authors: Bui Van Bac , Tran Dung Van , Bui The Doi , Le Bao Thanh , Bai Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTropical karst ecosystems are an exceptionally unique and important landscape element of South East (SE) Asia. Unfortunately, these ecosystems have been increasingly disturbed due to forest conversions to anthropogenic land uses, illegal logging, and limestone quarrying. Karst regions have a high degree of endemic species, so their loss is likely to have negative consequences for species conservation as well as ecological processes. We investigated dung‐beetle communities from primary forests (PF), old secondary forests (>15 years since abandonment, OSF), young secondary forests (<10 years since abandonment, YSF), and Acacia plantations (<10 years old, AP) of karst ecosystems on Cat Ba Island (northern Vietnam). Our main aim was to provide a thorough and quantitative assessment of the taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles in the examined forests, and subsequently to determine the value of specific types of disturbed forests for biodiversity conservation. In total, 1458 dung beetles of 34 taxa were recorded. Community composition varied significantly among the forest types and was broadly separated into two groups: old‐growth forests (i.e., PF and OSF) and young‐growth forests (i.e., YSF and AP). While YSF and AP hosted severely impoverished dung‐beetle communities, OSF with a high forest canopy cover and high ground vegetation cover harbored species‐rich dung‐beetle communities similar to those found in PF. However, functional diversity significantly differed between PF and OSF. The data also revealed that community responses were due to changing patterns of trait compositions rather than species richness.
Parasitic infections by Group II Syndiniales target selected dinoflagellate host populations within diverse protist assemblages in a model coastal pond
Authors: Sehein Taylor R. , Gast Rebecca J. , Pachiadaki Maria , Guillou Laure , Edgcomb Virginia P. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryProtists are integral to marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles; however, there is a paucity of data describing specific ecological niches for some of the most abundant taxa in marker gene libraries. Syndiniales are one such group, often representing the majority of sequence reads recovered from picoplankton samples across the global ocean. However, the prevalence and impacts of syndinian parasitism in marine environments remain unclear. We began to address these critical knowledge gaps by generating a high‐resolution time series (March–October 2018) in a productive coastal pond. Seasonal shifts in protist populations, including parasitic Syndiniales, were documented during periods of higher primary productivity and increased summer temperature‐driven stratification. Elevated concentrations of infected hosts and free‐living parasite spores occurred at nearly monthly intervals in July, August, and September. We suggest intensifying stratification during this period correlated with the increased prevalence of dinoflagellates that were parasitized by Group II Syndiniales. Infections in some protist populations were comparable to previously reported large single‐taxon dinoflagellate blooms. Infection dynamics in Salt Pond demonstrated the propagation of syndinian parasites through mixed protist assemblages and highlighted patterns of host/parasite interactions that better reflect many other marine environments where single taxon blooms are uncommon.
Involvement of VIVID in white light‐responsive pigmentation, sexual development and sterigmatocystin biosynthesis in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
Authors: Shen Ling , Chapeland‐Leclerc Florence , Ruprich‐Robert Gwenaël , Chen Qiyi , Chen Siyu , Adnan Muhammad , Wang Jiangxin , Liu Gang , Xie Ning 
Published: March 2022

SummaryLight serves as a source of information and regulates diverse physiological processes in living organisms. Fungi perceive and respond to light through a complex photosensory system. Fungi have evolved the desensitization mechanism to adapt to the changing light signal in a natural environment. White light exerts multiple essential impacts on the model filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. However, the light sensing and response in this species has not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that the loss of function of the light desensitization protein VIVID (VVD) in P. anserina triggered exacerbated light responses and therefore led to drastic morphological and physiological changes. The white light‐sensitive mutant Δvvd showed growth reduction, spermatia overproduction, enhanced hyphae pigmentation and reduced oxidative stress tolerance. We observed the decreased expression level of sterigmatocystin gene cluster by transcriptome analysis and finally detected the reduced production of sterigmatocystin in Δvvd in response to white light. Our data indicate that VVD acts as a repressor of white collar complex. This study exhibits a vital role of VVD in governing white light‐responsive gene expression and secondary metabolite production and contributes to a better understanding of the photoreceptor VVD in P. anserina.
Political tolerance in Europe: The role of conspiratorial thinking and cosmopolitanism
Authors: STOECKEL FLORIAN , CEKA BESIR 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTolerance has long been identified as a crucial feature of liberal democracies. Although the limits of tolerance are debated, the extent to which citizens are open and willing to accommodate others who are different from them is often regarded as a sign of a healthy and well‐functioning liberal democracy. The goal of this paper is to empirically investigate the state of political tolerance in Europe today. The main questions we ask are: What explains the different levels of tolerance across individuals in various countries? Which groups in society are the most likely targets of intolerance? We understand political tolerance as the willingness to allow the free articulation of interests and ideas in the political system of groups one opposes. Previous research emphasizes education, civic activism and threat perceptions as important determinants of tolerance. We redirect the debate to a set of novel correlates of tolerance. We argue that conspiratorial thinking and cosmopolitanism are critical factors that explain levels of tolerance among Europeans. The analysis employs original survey data collected as part of a mass survey conducted in 2017 in 10 European Union member states: Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. Our descriptive analysis shows that far‐right groups (i.e., fascists and neo‐Nazis) and Muslims are the most disliked groups in Europe. When it comes to the level of tolerance towards these groups, we find that more than half of the respondents in each country are willing to deny their most disliked group parliamentary representation. Moreover, we find that even after controlling for traditional determinants of tolerance, conspiratorial thinking and cosmopolitanism emerge as the most important predictors of political tolerance. Our analysis suggests that the recent rapid spread of various conspiracy theories related to the COVID‐19 pandemic is likely to have far‐reaching implications for tolerance as well.
ProFlow nano‐liquid chromatography with a graphene oxide‐functionalized monolithic nano‐column for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol glucuronide in foods
Authors: Demir Nurullah , Aydoğan Cemil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChloramphenicol (CAP) is an effective antibiotic with broad spectrum against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, while it is used to treat various infections in animals. Although CAP is banned for usage in the livestock products including, milk, honey, seafood, and royal jelly, CAP is still often detected in foods of animal origin, posing a threat to consumer health. The use of CAP is restricted in many countries due to its side effect in human metabolic process according to the Expert Committee on Food Additives (ECFA) recommendation. Chloramphenicol glucuronide (CAPG) is also a metabolic product of CAP, which may be a hazardous chemical for human health. Therefore, the development of sensitive separation and quantification method is an important issue, especially for food safety. Herein, we reported the preparation and application of a monolithic nano‐column for CAP and CAPG analyses in foods by ProFlow Nano liquid chromatography (ProFlow Nano LC). The monolithic nano‐column was prepared by an in situ polymerization using 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropylmethacrylate (HPMA‐Cl) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and followed graphene oxide (GO) modification. After characterization, the monolithic nano‐column was used for the analysis of CAP and CAPG in honey and milk samples by ProFlow Nano LC. The whole method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, precision, recovery, and repeatability, while it led to obtain high sensitivity with limit of quantification was found as 0.02 µg/kg for CAP. Limit of quantification for CAPG was found as 0.08 µg/kg. The developed method with monolithic nano‐column was optimized to achieve very sensitive analyses of CAP and CAPG in the food samples. The applicability of the nano‐column was successfully demonstrated by the analysis of CAP and CAPG in milk and honey samples.Practical ApplicationThis article describes the preparation and application of a monolithic nano‐column for the separation and determination of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol glucuronide in food samples by ProFlow Nano LC. The use of new and advanced techniques is a crucial issue in the food science and technology. In this sense, this study demonstrated a new food analysis method using advanced instrumental technique with a homemade monolithic nano‐column.
A Hybrid of Copula Prediction and Time Series Computation to Estimate Stream Discharge Based on Precipitation Data
Authors: Ouyang Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStream discharge is a key hydrological factor for water supply planning, wetland loss investigation, ecological service assessment, and climate change impact estimation. Conceptually, stream discharge is expected to be highly and positively related to precipitation. In reality, however, such a relationship may be weaker because precipitation characteristics are affected by local climate of watersheds. For many watersheds around the world, a vast amount of precipitation data are readily available but the stream discharge data are very limited or unavailable. It would be time‐saving and cost‐effective to predict stream discharge based on precipitation data. Unfortunately, this task is very difficult to achieve using the traditional methods. Although the copula method is able to establish a good relationship (or a good dependence structure) between discharges and precipitations, this relationship does not include the time series process, and thus is impractical for applications. Therefore, a hybrid of copula prediciton and time series computation was developed (with detailed procedures) here to estimate stream discharge based on precipitation data. The method was validated using the measured daily discharges with the good statistical measures, that is, the Kandell’s τ (0.42–0.44), normalized root mean square error (2.19–2.28 m3/s), and R2 (0.66–0.84). This study suggests that the hybrid method is a useful tool to predict stream discharges based on precipitation data.
Effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of face‐to‐face and electronic brief interventions versus screening alone to reduce alcohol consumption among high‐risk adolescents presenting to emergency departments: three‐arm pragmatic randomized trial (SIPS Junior high risk trial)
Authors: Deluca Paolo , Coulton Simon , Alam Mohammed Fasihul , Boniface Sadie , Donoghue Kim , Gilvarry Eilish , Kaner Eileen , Lynch Ellen , Maconochie Ian , McArdle Paul , McGovern Ruth , Newbury‐Birch Dorothy , Patton Robert , Pellat‐Higgins Tracy , Phillips Ceri , Phillips Thomas , Pockett Rhys D. , Russell Ian T. , Strang John , Drummond Colin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol use increases throughout adolescence. Emergency department (ED) attendance is an opportunity for alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI), which is effective for adults. This trial evaluated the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of ASBI compared with screening alone (SA) in high‐risk adolescents.Design, Setting and ParticipantsMulti‐centre, three‐group, single‐blind, individually randomized trial with follow‐ups after 6 and 12 months in 10 ED settings in England. From October 2014 to May 2015 we screened 3327 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years, of whom 756 (22.7%) scored at least 3 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: consumption (AUDIT‐C) and consented to participate in this trial. Mean age was 16.1 years; 50.2% were female and 84.9% were white.InterventionsInterventions were personalized feedback and brief advice (PFBA), personalized feedback plus electronic brief intervention (eBI) and SA.MeasuresThe primary outcome was the weekly alcohol consumed in standard UK units (8 g ethanol) at 12 months post‐randomization, derived from extended AUDIT‐C. Economic outcomes included quality of life and service use, from perspectives of both the National Health Service and personal social services (NHS&PSS) and society.FindingsAt 12 months, mean weekly consumption was 2.99 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.38–3.70] standard units for the SA group, 3.56 (95% CI = 2.90, 4.32) for PFBA and 3.18 (95% CI = 2.50, 3.97) for eBI, showing no significant differences. The PFBA group consumed mean 0.57 (−0.36, 1.70) units more than SA; and eBIs consumed 0.19 (−0.71, 1.30) more. Bayes factors suggested lack of effectiveness explained non‐significance. From the NHS&PSS perspective, economic analysis showed that PFBA and eBI were not cost‐effective compared with SA: PFBA yielded incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of £6213 (−£736 843, £812 884), with the intervention having 54% probability of being cost‐effective compared with SA at the £20 000 WTP threshold.ConclusionsIn emergency departments in England, neither personalized feedback and brief advice nor personalized feedback plus electronic brief intervention showed evidence of being effective or cost‐effective when compared with screening alone in reducing alcohol consumption among adolescents.
Topical ophthalmic beta‐blockers are associated with ocular pseudopemphigoid: A pharmacovigilance study of antiglaucoma medications utilising the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Jedlowski Patrick Michael , Jedlowski Mahdieh Fazel 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackground/objectiveThe association between antiglaucoma medications and the development of ocular pseudopemphigoid (OPP) has been described; however, the independent risk of each medication has not been quantified.MethodsCase/non‐case analyses were performed in the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) using data from 2010–2020 to examine the reporting odds ratio (ROR) signal for OPP for all classes of antiglaucoma medications under multiple conditions: (i) comparison to all other drugs in FAERs, (ii) comparison to other antiglaucoma medications, (iii) comparison to vehicle/hydrating eye drops with cases of OPP and (iv) comparison to vehicle/hydrating eyedrops with and without cases of OPP to control for topical irritant and preservative effects.ResultsA statistically significant ROR for OPP was found for aggregate antiglaucoma medications under the first condition but not the third or fourth (i.96.97 (95% CI 52.54–178.98). The largest signal for OPP when compared to other glaucoma drugs and eye drops was seen with unoprostone (ii.68.96 (95% CI 8.35–569.50, iii.39.85 (95% CI 4.14–383.33), iv.581.67 (95% CI 49.38–6851.57) followed by carteolol (ii.32.51(95% CI 9.02–117.67), iii.10.67 (95% CI 1.77–64.13), iv.77.84 (95% CI 12.95–467.78) and betaxolol (ii.23.38 (95% CI 7.28–74.46), iii.6.94 (95% CI 1.27–38.01), iv.50.67 (95% CI 9.26–277.25). A statistically significant ROR was noted only for the beta‐blockers class aggregate under conditions ii and iv.ConclusionsOur findings support an association between OPP and antiglaucoma medications; under the most stringent control for topical irritant/preservative effect by of comparison to topical eye drops, unoprostone, carteolol, betaxolol and timolol all had a significant ROR for OPP.