bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the psychometric properties of brief screening measures of depression and anxiety in chronic pain: The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item
Authors: Bisby Madelyne A. , Karin Eyal , Scott Amelia J. , Dudeney Joanne , Fisher Alana , Gandy Milena , Hathway Taylor , Heriseanu Andreea I. , Staples Lauren , Titov Nickolai , Dear Blake F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with chronic pain experience anxiety and depressive symptoms at rates higher than the general population. The Patient Health Questionnaire 2‐item (PHQ‐2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2‐item (GAD‐2) are brief screening measures of depression and anxiety, respectively. These brief scales are well‐suited for use in routine care due to their brevity and ease of administration, yet their psychometric properties have not been established in heterogeneous chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet.Materials and MethodsUsing existing data from randomized controlled trials of an established Internet‐delivered pain management program (n = 1333), we assessed the reliability, validity, diagnostic accuracy, and responsiveness to treatment change in the PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2, as well as the long‐form counterparts. Exploratory analyses were conducted to obtain cutoff scores using those participants with diagnostic data (n = 62).ResultsThe PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 demonstrated appropriate reliability (eg, Cronbach'sα = 0.79–0.84), validity (eg, higher scores in individuals with a diagnosis;p < 0.001), and responsiveness to treatment change (eg, pre‐ to post‐treatment scores,p < 0.001). The psychometric properties of the short forms compared well with the longer forms. Cutoff scores on the short forms were consistent with general population samples, while cutoff scores on the long forms were higher than previously observed using general population samples. All four scales favored specificity over sensitivity.ConclusionsThe PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties in the current sample, as did the long forms. Based on our findings, the PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 can be used as screening tools with chronic pain samples when administered over the Internet.
Transposon insertions regulate genome‐wide allele‐specific expression and underpin flower colour variations in apple (Malus spp.)
Authors: Tian Yi , Thrimawithana Amali , Ding Tiyu , Guo Jian , Gleave Andrew , Chagné David , Ampomah‐Dwamena Charles , Ireland Hilary S. , Schaffer Robert J. , Luo Zhiwei , Wang Meili , An Xiuhong , Wang Dajiang , Gao Yuan , Wang Kun , Zhang Hengtao , Zhang Ruiping , Zhou Zhe , Yan Zhenli , Zhang Liyi , Zhang Caixia , Cong Peihua , Deng Cecilia H. , Yao Jia‐Long 
Published: March 2022

SummaryAllele‐specific expression (ASE) can lead to phenotypic diversity and evolution. However, the mechanisms regulating ASE are not well understood, particularly in woody perennial plants. In this study, we investigated ASE genes in the apple cultivar ‘Royal Gala’ (RG). A high quality chromosome‐level genome was assembled using a homozygous tetra‐haploid RG plant, derived from anther cultures. Using RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) data from RG flower and fruit tissues, we identified 2091 ASE genes. Compared with the haploid genome of ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD), a parent of RG, we distinguished the genomic sequences between the two alleles of 817 ASE genes, and further identified allele‐specific presence of a transposable element (TE) in the upstream region of 354 ASE genes. These included MYB110a that encodes a transcription factor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Interestingly, another ASE gene, MYB10 also showed an allele‐specific TE insertion and was identified using genome data of other apple cultivars. The presence of the TE insertion in both MYB genes was positively associated with ASE and anthocyanin accumulation in apple petals through analysis of 231 apple accessions, and thus underpins apple flower colour evolution. Our study demonstrated the importance of TEs in regulating ASE on a genome‐wide scale and presents a novel method for rapid identification of ASE genes and their regulatory elements in plants.
Effects of melatonin implants on reproductive performance of dairy sheep and dairy goats
Authors: Tölü Cemil , Yazgan Nazif , Akbağ Hande Işıl , Yurtman İsmail Yaman , Savaş Türker 
Published: March 2022

ContentsThis study investigated the effects of melatonin implants in the female and male animals before the breeding season on the reproductive performance of Tahirova sheep and Turkish Saanen goats. Seventy‐five sheep and 53 goats (including 6 rams and 4 bucks) were used in the research. Melatonin implants (18 mg) were applied to half of the female and male animals, one to female animals and three to male animals. The rate of oestrus was determined as 100% in the melatonin (M) and control (C) groups. The non‐return rate, conception rate and lambing rate were close in both groups of ewes and rams groups (p > .05). The rate of oestrus was 100% in the melatonin and control groups of does and bucks groups in Turkish Saanen goats. The non‐return rate in does was 75.0 ± 9.02% in M group and 92.0 ± 5.53% in C group (p = .0101), the non‐return rate was 83.3 ± 6.92% in group M and 84.2 ± 8.59% in group C for bucks (p = .5570). For ewes, the duration from ram introduction to first oestrus, conception and lambing was significantly lower in group M than in group C (p ≤ .05). Litter size of M in ewe and ram groups were 1.70 ± 0.08 and 1.59 ± 0.09, respectively, whereas it was 1.62 ± 0.10 and 1.74 ± 0.10 in C group, respectively. Birth weight significantly differed between ewe groups (p = .0017). For goats, the duration from buck introduction to first oestrus, conception and lambing was similar in the groups of does and bucks (p > .05). Litter size of M in doe and buck groups were 1.57 ± 0.11 and 1.53 ± 0.12, respectively, and 1.46 ± 0.11and 1.50 ± 0.09 in C group, respectively (p > .05). While the live weight and body condition score (BCS) of ewes were significantly affected by melatonin implants (p ≤ .05), the live weight and BCS of does were not affected. In conclusion, it might be said that melatonin implants obtained better results for reproduction in Tahirova sheep than Turkish Saanen goats.
Can optimism solve the entrepreneurial earnings puzzle?*
Authors: Dell'Era Michele , Opromolla Luca David , Santos‐Pinto Luís 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we apply a general equilibrium occupational choice model to the study of the impact of optimism on the earnings of entrepreneurs and workers. We extend the work of Lucas (1978 Bell Journal of Economics 9, 508–523) by assuming a fraction of individuals are optimistic about their ability as entrepreneurs. The model shows that optimism leads to a misallocation of talent and inputs, which raises input prices and lowers output. The model is calibrated to match salient features of the UK economy and the British Household Panel Survey. The calibration shows that optimism can account for more than half of the size of the entrepreneurial earnings puzzle in the UK.
Comparative effects of latanoprost and latanoprostene bunod on intraocular pressure and pupil size in ophthalmologically normal Beagle dogs
Authors: Desai Sujata J. , Pumphrey Stephanie A. , Koethe Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare effects of latanoprost, a topical prostaglandin analogue (PGA) commonly used to treat glaucoma and lens instability in dogs, and latanoprostene bunod, a novel PGA with a nitric oxide‐donating moiety, on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD).Animals studiedTen ophthalmologically normal Beagle dogs.ProceduresDogs were treated twice a day for 5 days in a randomly selected eye with either latanoprost or latanoprostene bunod. After a 6‐week washout period, dogs were treated with the opposite drug. IOP and PD were measured at treatment times, at midday on days 1 and 5, and for 6 days post‐treatment.ResultsBoth drugs significantly decreased IOP and PD. At midday on day 5 of treatment, mean IOP in eyes treated with latanoprost was 4.5 mmHg lower than the fellow eye and 3.0 mmHg lower than the same eye at baseline, while mean IOP in eyes treated with latanoprostene bunod was 5.5 mmHg lower than the fellow eye and 3.6 mmHg lower than baseline. Mean PD was 0.94 mm in eyes treated with latanoprost and 0.76 mmHg in eyes treated with latanoprostene bunod. There was no significant difference between the two drugs for either parameter at that time point (p = .372 and .619, respectively, for IOP relative to control and to baseline; p = .076 for PD) or when analyzed longitudinally. Significant diurnal variation in PD was noted and may have implications for treatment of lens' instability.ConclusionsLatanoprost and latanoprostene bunod produce similar IOP reduction and miosis in normal canine eyes.
Biomechanical and organisational constraints of pregnant women at work: definition of exposure levels using a consensus method (Delphi)
Authors: Certenais Thomas , Teysseire Raphaëlle , Garlantezec Ronan , Brochard Patrick , Manangama Guyguy , Delva Fleur 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the biomechanical and organisational constraints that influence pregnancy outcomes and define the exposure levels at which the risks for pregnancy become significant.Setting and participantsWe applied a consensus method (Delphi) consisting of a literature review followed by expert opinions on exposure levels. The group of experts was made up of 12 people from different medical specialities and working in various structures in France.Outcome measuresThe studied variables were: (1) exposure: night work/shift work, weekly hours at work, lifting of heavy loads, prolonged standing and multiple exposure and (2) pregnancy outcomes: prematurity, low birth weight and spontaneous miscarriages.ResultsThe consensus method resulted in the following recommendations. The time spent working must not exceed 40 hours/week; in the absence of a consensus on the level of exposure, night and/or shift work must be avoided; prolonged standing must not exceed 3 hours/day; lifting must be limited to carrying loads <11 kg, with a daily load <100 kg; multiple exposure must be avoided, in particular: vibration, night work/shift work, time spent working exceeding 40 hours/week, prolonged standing and lifting of heavy loads.ConclusionsThese results could help the occupational physician to address the question of whether an exposed employee should remain at work, considering her individual characteristics (medical history, family situation, socioeconomic level, etc) in consultation with pregnancy specialists (obstetricians, midwives).
Public acceptability of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control a pandemic in the UK: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Loría-Rebolledo Luis Enrique , Ryan Mandy , Watson Verity , Genie Mesfin G , Sakowsky Ruben Andreas , Powell Daniel , Paranjothy Shantini 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo understand how individuals trade off between features of non-pharmaceutical interventions (eg, lockdowns) to control a pandemic across the four nations of the UK.DesignA survey that included a discrete choice experiment. The survey design was informed using policy documents, social media analysis and input from remote think-aloud interviews with members of the public (n=23).SettingA nationwide survey across the four nations of the UK using an online panel between 29 October and 12 December 2020.ParticipantsIndividuals who are over 18 years old. A total of 4120 adults completed the survey (1112 in England, 848 in Northern Ireland, 1143 in Scotland and 1098 in Wales).Primary outcome measureAdult’s preferences for, and trade-offs between, type of lockdown restrictions, length of lockdown, postponement of routine healthcare, excess deaths, impact on the ability to buy things and unemployment.ResultsThe majority of adults are willing to accept higher excess deaths if this means lockdowns that are less strict, shorter and do not postpone routine healthcare. On average, respondents in England were willing to accept a higher increase in excess deaths to have less strict lockdown restrictions introduced compared with Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, respectively. In all four countries, one out of five respondents were willing to reduce excess deaths at all costs.ConclusionsThe majority of the UK population is willing to accept the increase in excess deaths associated with introducing less strict lockdown restrictions. The acceptability of different restriction scenarios varies according to the features of the lockdown and across countries. Governments can use information about trade-off preferences to inform the introduction of different lockdown restriction levels and design compensation policies that maximise societal welfare.
Neuroimmune responses following joint mobilisation and manipulation in people with persistent neck pain: a protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lutke Schipholt Ivo J , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolyne , Bontkes Hetty , Coppieters Michel W 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionJoint mobilisation and manipulation often results in immediate pain relief in people with neck pain. However, the biological mechanisms behind pain relief are largely unknown. There is preliminary evidence that joint mobilisation and manipulation lessens the upregulated neuroimmune responses in people with persistent neck pain.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes a randomised placebo-controlled trial to investigate whether joint mobilisation and manipulation influence neuroimmune responses in people with persistent neck pain. People with persistent neck pain (N=100) will be allocated, in a randomised and concealed manner, to the experimental or control group (ratio 3:1). Short-term (ie, baseline, immediately after and 2 hours after the intervention) neuroimmune responses will be assessed, such as inflammatory marker concentration following in vitro stimulation of whole blood cells, systemic inflammatory marker concentrations directly from blood samples, phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum cortisol. Participants assigned to the experimental group (N=75) will receive cervical mobilisations targeting the painful and/or restricted cervical segments and a distraction manipulation of the cervicothoracic junction. Participants assigned to the control group (N=25) will receive a placebo mobilisation and placebo manipulation. Using linear mixed models, the short-term neuroimmune responses will be compared (1) between people in the experimental and control group and (2) within the experimental group, between people who experience a good outcome and those with a poor outcome. Furthermore, the association between the short-term neuroimmune responses and pain relief following joint mobilisation and manipulation will be tested in the experimental group.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Amsterdam University Medical Centre, location VUmc (Approval number: 2018.181).Trial registration numberNL6575 (trialregister.nl
Status migrainosus inpatient treatment with eptinezumab (SMITE): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ray Jason Charles , Chen Zhibin , Ramsay Georgia , Germaine Jack , Hutton Elspeth J 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionStatus migrainosus is a disabling complication of migraine, which frequently results in hospitalisation. For patients who fail to respond to simple analgesia, triptans and intravenous prochlorperazine or chlorpromazine, there are limited treatment options, and a paucity of high-quality evidence to guide clinical practice. Eptinezumab, an intravenous monoclonal antibody specific for the calcitonin gene-related peptide ligand which achieves maximal plasma concentration immediately following administration and may improve migraines from day one. Intravenous lignocaine is an anaesthetic medication used in treatment of status migrainosus, often requiring prolonged admissions and with potential cardiac adverse events. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab in the treatment of status migrainosus in comparison to intravenous lidocaine.Methods and analysisStatus migrainosus inpatient treatment with eptinezumab is a randomised, controlled, single-centre clinical trial conducted in a parallel design with an active comparator conducted in Melbourne, Australia. This study randomises forty patients (1:1) to receive either eptinezumab or an infusion of intravenous lignocaine for up to 5 days. It will assess the effect of eptinezumab compared with intravenous lignocaine in aborting status migrainosus, with the primary outcome of time from infusion until resolution of pain. It will explore several secondary measures including change in health resource utilisation, effect on patient reported outcomes of migraine disability and the safety and tolerability of each medication.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Alfred Health, local reference number 443/21, and all participants will provide informed consent for participation in the trial and dissemination of results.Trial registration numberThe trial registration number is ACTRN12621001616864. The results of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and social media.
Visual outcomes and complications in infantile cataract surgery: a real - world scenario
Authors: Chattannavar Goura , Badakere Akshay , Mohamed Ashik , Kekunnaya Ramesh 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate visual outcomes and complications of infantile cataract surgery through a 1-year follow-up period in a real world scenario.Methods and analysisProspective observational study evaluating infants with cataract undergoing surgery.ResultsWe analysed 173 eyes of 97 infants (76 bilateral); median age 18.7 weeks, (IQR: 11–33.9 weeks). Toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus and herpes infection was the most common aetiology in both unilateral 10 (47.6%) and bilateral 43 (55.1%) cases, followed by familial and syndromic cases. Fifty-four eyes (29.5%) received primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Seventy-five infants (76%) were less than 6 months of age. At 1-year follow-up, mean log MAR best-corrected visual acuity was 1.00±0.08 and 1.21±0.03 in unilateral and bilateral cases respectively (p=0.012), which was not statistically significant. At 1-year follow-up, pseudophakic(1.09±0.05) eyes had a better mean log MAR visual acuity comparing aphakes(1.24±0.04) clinically but was not statistically significant after the application of Bonferroni correction (p=0.012). The mean myopic shift of −2.9 D±0.39 and −4.53 D±0.55 over 1 year was noted in aphakes and pseudophakes, respectively (p=0.016). Visual axis opacification and glaucoma were the most common complications noted in pseudophakes and aphakes, respectively.ConclusionPrimary IOL implantation in selected cases of infantile cataract is a feasible option, particularly in cases when optimal aftercare and refractive rehabilitation of aphakia are not possible.
Electromagnetic rolling mass wave energy harvester for oceanic drifter applications
Authors: Carandell Matias , Tichy Jiri , Smilek Jan , Toma Daniel Mihai , Gasulla Manel , del Río Joaquín , Hadas Zdenek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOcean monitoring requirements have fomented the evolution of sensor platforms such as Lagrangian drifters, whose autonomy is a critical factor in the design process. Energy Harvesting (EH) has proven to be a sound option as an autonomous power source for sensor platforms. This paper deals with the design and simulation of a kinetic energy harvester (KEH) that captures energy from a drifter’s motion under wave excitation. This KEH is based on a rolling mass resonator with permanent magnets that oscillate with respect to a frame which includes a coil system. The induced current on the coil results from the relative motion of the rolling mass, whose natural frequency is tuned to match the drifter’s to achieve resonance. Preliminary simulations using OrcaFlex provide the motion vectors of the drifter, used to excite the KEH’s frame. A multi-body MSC.ADAMS model has been developed consisting of a simple DOF mass-spring-damper system that includes the frame motion and the electrical and electromagnetic models. Results provide an estimation of the power generated on a resistive load, showing 23 mJ harvested during a one-minute simulation.
Lorentzian distance functions in contact geometry
Authors: Hedicke Jakob 
Published: March 2022

An important tool to analyse the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold is given by the Lorentzian distance function. We define a class of Lorentzian distance functions on the group of contactomorphisms of a closed contact manifold depending on the choice of a contact form. These distance functions are continuous with respect to the Hofer norm for contactomorphisms defined by Shelukhin [The Hofer norm of a contactomorphism, J. Symplectic Geom. 15 (2017) 1173–1208] and finite if and only if the group of contactomorphisms is orderable. To prove this, we show that intervals defined by the positivity relation are open with respect to the topology induced by the Hofer norm. For orderable Legendrian isotopy classes we show that the Chekanov-type metric defined in [D. Rosen and J. Zhang, Chekanov’s dichotomy in contact topology, Math. Res. Lett. 27 (2020) 1165–1194] is nondegenerate. In this case, similar results hold for a Lorentzian distance functions on Legendrian isotopy classes. This leads to a natural class of metrics associated to a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifold such that its Cauchy hypersurface has a unit co-tangent bundle with orderable isotopy class of the fibres.
Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Glucocorticoid for the Treatment of IgA Kidney Disease
Authors: Sun Jieqiong 
Published: March 2022

Purpose. To explore the effect of glucocorticoid on immune globulin A (IgA) nephropathy by meta-analysis. Method. Search the data and literature libraries of ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Wiley, PubMed, CBMdisc, and CNKI and collect the literature on the treatment of IgA nephropathy with glucocorticoids as randomized controlled trials published at home and abroad from 1995 to 2021. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by fixed-effects model. RevMan 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis of the subgroups of overall curative effect, different degree of proteinuria, different course of treatment, different creatinine level, and combined ACEI. Result. ① The overall efficacy of glucocorticoid in the treatment of IgA nephropathy was better than that in the control group (

P

= 0.00001). ② The efficacy of glucocorticoid treatment in patients with IgA nephropathy with proteinuria greater than 1.50 g/d and less than 1.50 g/d was better than that in the control group (

P

< 0.01). ③ For IgA nephropathy patients with serum creatinine less than 1.50 mg/dl, the curative effect of glucocorticoid treatment was better than that of the control group (

P

< 0.01). ④ The effects of short-term treatment (<1 year) and long-term treatment (≥1 year) with glucocorticoid were better than those in the control group (

P

< 0.01). ⑤ The effect of hormone combined with ACEI drugs on IgA nephropathy was more significant (

P

< 0.01). Conclusion. The overall efficacy of glucocorticoid in the treatment of IgA nephropathy is accurate. Hormone treatment is effective for different degrees of IgA nephropathy. Considering that there is no significant effect on the efficacy of different courses of treatment, it is suggested that the course of hormone treatment can be appropriately shortened. Hormone combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can reduce proteinuria more effectively than ACEI drugs alone.