bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welfare state change as a double movement: Four decades of retrenchment and expansion in compensatory and employment‐oriented policies across 21 high‐income countries
Authors: Ferragina Emanuele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe conceptualise and measure welfare state change across 21 high‐income countries as a continuum delineated by a double movement, that is, the combined change of compensatory and employment‐oriented policies. Our double movement framework readapts Polanyi's concept into the context of welfare state change. We analyse this double movement across four decades using Principal Component Analysis and a new indicator that compares spending in 2015 to maximum and minimum spending levels since the 1980. We contribute to the literature in three ways. First, we empirically document an overall change in spending for compensatory and employment‐oriented policies, with the latter becoming more prominent over time. This change is more pronounced in the 1990s and even more so in the 2000s, and partially reduced classic regime differences. The PCAs generate a Cartesian space where each country is positioned across time (the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s and the 2010s) and space (within four quadrants, i.e., ‘the strong employment‐oriented space’, ‘the weak employment‐oriented space’, ‘the strong compensatory space’, and ‘the weak compensatory space’). Second, we develop a fivefold taxonomy of welfare state change characterised by: (1) retrenchment in Canada, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom; (2) abridged adaptation in Australia, Belgium, Finland, Norway, Spain and the United States; (3) minor expansionary adaptation in Greece, Italy, Japan, Portugal and Switzerland—where spending levels were low in the 1980; (4) adaptation with an equilibrium between the two movements in New Zealand and (5) strong expansionary adaptation in Austria, Denmark and France. Overall retrenchment and abridging adaptation prevail over expansionary adaptation—this is due to cutbacks of unemployment, family allowances and active labour market programmes not being counterbalanced by the expansion of childcare. Third, we critically interpret these changes, introducing the double movement concept into comparative social policy.
When good trouble sparks agenda change: Disentangling the evolution of the Congressional Black Caucus' positions on police reform
Authors: Peay Periloux C. , Rackey John D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Black Caucus’ position on crime and community policing has been a constant juxtaposition between advocating for the health and safety of Black communities while decrying the ever‐toxic relationship with the American policing and carceral systems. This is evident in the organization's overwhelming support for the infamous 1994 Crime Bill—a largely punitive bill that has since been directly linked to the over‐policing and incarceration of Black Americans. Recently, however, the organization has adopted a policy stance that reflects a commitment to reforming the American policing system. This article traces the organization's evolution from support for prevention‐based, punitive policies to comprehensive police reform in the period since the passage of the 1994 Crime Bill. We find this transformation has been one that is both responsive to exogenous shocks—high profile killings of unarmed Black Americans and the resulting protests—as well as an endogenous change—organizational turnover and ideological drift within the organization. These factors create active and latent processes that worked on the Congressional Black Caucus’ behaviors and preferences.
Assessment of bacterial growth in leukoreduced cold‐stored whole blood supports overnight hold at room temperature prior to filtration: A pilot study
Authors: Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , Kou Yuntong , Kumaran Dilini , Culibrk Brankica , Stewart Tamiko , Schubert Peter , McTaggart Ken 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWhole blood (WB) transfusion has regained attention to treat trauma patients. We reported no significant changes in in vitro quality through 21 days of cold storage for leukoreduced WB (LCWB) when time to filtration was extended from 8 to 24 h from collection. This study evaluated the impact of extended WB‐hold at room temperature (RT) prior to leukoreduction on proliferation of transfusion‐relevant bacteria.Materials and MethodsWB units were spiked with suspensions of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes prepared in saline solution (SS) or trypticase soy broth (TSB) to a concentration of ~0.2 CFU/ml (N = 6). Spiked units were held at RT for 18–24 h before leukoreduction and cold‐stored for 21 days. Bacterial growth was determined on days 2, 7, 14 and 21. In vitro quality of WB inoculated with unspiked diluents was assessed.ResultsK. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes proliferated in WB prior to leukoreduction reaching concentrations ≤102 CFU/ml. These bacteria, however, did not proliferate during the subsequent cold storage. S. aureus did not survive in WB while L. monocytogenes reached a concentration of ~102 CFU/ml by day 21. LCWB in vitro quality was not affected by SS or TSB.ConclusionExtended WB‐hold prior to leukoreduction allowed proliferation of bacteria able to resist immune clearance, although they did not grow to clinically significant levels. While L. monocytogenes proliferated in LCWB, clinically relevant concentrations were not reached by day 21. These data suggest that transfusing LCWB may not pose a significant bacterial contamination safety risk to transfusion patients.
Health‐promoting behaviors among American and Lebanese nursing students
Authors: Davis Beena , Badr Lina K. , Doumit Rita 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there are well‐known benefits of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, few nursing students practice health‐promoting behaviors (HPBs).AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the HPBs of undergraduate nursing students from two different cultures—the United States of America (U.S.), a high‐income country, and Lebanon, a low‐income country.MethodsA cross‐sectional, descriptive study included 320 undergraduate nursing students, of which 200 were from the U.S. and 120 were from Lebanon.ResultsThe results indicated significant differences between the groups in their HPBs, as measured by the total Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Profile‐II score of t(318) = 6.66, p = .001, and its subscales of health responsibility, t(318) = 5.06, p = .001; physical activity, t(318) = 6.29, p = .001; interpersonal relations, t(318) = 4.24, p = .001; nutrition, t(318) = 3.54, p = .001; spiritual growth, t (318) = 3.05, p = .002; and stress management, t(318) = 3, p = .003.Linking Evidence to ActionThe significant differences in HPBs of nursing students from two different countries indicated that cultural factors may influence students’ healthy lifestyle. Therefore, nursing education should consider exploring strategies that promote student participation in health‐promoting activities.
DOES AN INKLING BELONG IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION? HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, EPISTEMOLOGY AND THE IMAGINATION
Authors: Lorrimar Victoria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow do we come toknowthings, and how are such epistemological questions treated in the field of science and religion? Recent critiques of science and religion methodology argue for an anti‐essentialist approach to science and religion that acknowledges their different epistemic territories and promotes interdisciplinarity. This article operates in such a vein, considering the contributions of Owen Barfield, member of the Inklings, an Oxford literary group, to the study of human consciousness, epistemology and metaphysics, and apologetics, all topics with particular relevance to science and religion. Barfield's understanding of the evolution of human consciousness as revealed by the history of language has scientific import, and may be developed by more intentional cross‐disciplinary collaborations between psychological and cognitive scientists and humanities scholars. His approach to mythopoesis and the imagination resists scientific reductionism, and can inform epistemological dialogue between science and religion, as well as contemporary apologetics.
Evaluating behavioral economic interventions for promoting cancer screening uptake and adherence in targeted populations: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wang Mian , Yang Hua-Lu , Liu Xian-Liang , Mo Bei-Rong , Kynoch Kathryn , Ramis Mary-Anne 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of behavioral economic interventions for promoting uptake of and adherence to cancer screening recommended by guidelines.

Introduction:
Cancer screening has been found to help reduce incidence of and mortality from advanced cancer. However, adherence to recommended cancer screening services is low in asymptomatic adults with average risk, possibly due to systematic decision biases. The findings of this review will demonstrate whether interventions informed by behavioral economic insights can help improve uptake of and adherence to cancer screening.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider experimental, quasi-experimental, and analytical observational studies that i) evaluate the effects of behavioral economic interventions in adults eligible for guideline-recommended cancer screening; and ii) report the number/percentage of individuals who used screening services; number/percentage of individuals who completed screening recommended by guidelines; participant self-reported intentions, choice, and satisfaction regarding the use of screening services; detection rates of early-stage cancers; use of early intervention for cancers; and cancer-related mortality.

Methods:
A systematic literature search will be performed by one reviewer. After removing duplicates, two reviewers will independently screen and appraise eligible studies according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Five databases will be searched: CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsyclNFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Sources of gray literature and registered clinical trials will also be searched for potential studies. There will be no limits on publication date or language. Data synthesis will be conducted using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis where appropriate.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021258370
The LRRC family of BK channel regulatory subunits: potential roles in health and disease
Authors: Gonzalez‐Perez Vivian , Zhou Yu , Ciorba Matthew A. , Lingle Christopher J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarge conductance K+ channels, termed BK channels, regulate a variety of cellular and physiological functions. Although universally activated by changes in voltage or [Ca2+]i, the threshold for BK channel activation varies among loci of expression, often arising from cell‐specific regulatory subunits including a family of leucine rich repeat‐containing (LRRC) γ subunits (LRRC26, LRRC52, LRRC55 and LRRC38). The ‘founding’ member of this family, LRRC26, was originally identified as a tumour suppressor in various cancers. An LRRC26 knockout (KO) mouse model recently revealed that LRRC26 is also highly expressed in secretory epithelial cells and partners with BK channels in the salivary gland and colonic goblet cells to promote sustained K+ fluxes likely essential for normal secretory function. To accomplish this, LRRC26 negatively shifts the range of BK channel activation such that channels contribute to K+ flux near typical epithelial cell resting conditions. In colon, the absence of LRRC26 increases vulnerability to colitis. LRRC26‐containing BK channels are also likely important regulators of epithelial function in other loci, including airways, female reproductive tract and mammary gland. Based on an LRRC52 KO mouse model, LRRC52 regulation of large conductance K+ channels plays a role both in sperm function and in cochlear inner hair cells. Although our understanding of LRRC‐containing BK channels remains rudimentary, KO mouse models may help define other organs in which LRRC‐containing channels support normal function. A key topic for future work concerns identification of endogenous mechanisms, whether post‐translational or via gene regulation, that may impact LRRC‐dependent pathologies.
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Modeling and Simulation of the Engraving Process in Different Life Stages of Small Caliber Guns
Authors: Dhouibi Mohamed , Ousji Hamza , Atoui Oussama , Nassri Rachid , Pirlot Marc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Effects of erosion phenomenon on the performance of a given gun barrel have been analyzed throughout numerical and experimental studies. Mainly, qualitative observations were performed. Theoretical relations between the evolution of the inner barrel profile and the provided interior ballistics are limited. This article focuses on the development of a numerical model to predict the engraving resistance evolution in terms of the inner barrel profile in the different weapon's life stages. Four test barrels “12.7 × 99 mm NATO” with different chamber volumes were considered. First, a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) with a contact scanning probe was used to measure the inner dimension of the guns. Second, piezoelectric sensors with a special Doppler radar were considered to measure the (i) pressure and (ii) the bullet velocity in the test weapons. Finally, based on the obtained experimental results, a finite element (FE) analysis using the commercial software LS-DYNA was developed and validated. The obtained numerical results were used as insights to quantify the relationship between the engraving resistance and the chamber volume of small caliber guns.
Failure Criteria for Brittle Notched Specimens
Authors: Kwon Y. W. , Diaz-Colon C. , Defisher S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, new failure criteria were proposed for brittle materials to predict their failure loads regardless of the shapes of a notch or a crack in the material. This paper is to further evaluate the failure criteria for different shapes of notches and different materials. A circular hole, elliptical hole, or crack-like slit with a different angle with respect to the loading direction were considered. Double circular holes were also studied. The materials studied were an isotropic material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as well as laminated carbon fiber composites. Both cross-ply and quasi-isotropic layup orientations were examined. The lamination theory was used for the composite materials so that they can be modeled as an anisotropic and homogeneous material. The test results were compared to the theoretical predictions using the finite element analysis with two-dimensional plane stress models. Both theoretical failure stresses agreed well with the experimental data for the materials and notch geometries studied herein.
Computational Design for Digitally Fabricated 3D Inductive Power Transfer Coils
Authors: Xu Jun , Doubrovski E. (Zjenja) L. , Geraedts Jo M. P. , Song Yu (Wolf) 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The geometric shapes and the relative position of coils influence the performance of a three-dimensional (3D) inductive power transfer system. In this paper, we propose a coil design method for specifying the positions and the 3D shapes of a pair of coils to transmit the desired power. Given region of interests (ROIs) for designing the transmitter and the receiver coils on two surfaces, the transmitter coil is generated around the center of its ROI. The center of the receiver coil is estimated as a random seed position in the corresponding 3D surface. At this position, we use the heatmap method with electromagnetic constraints to iteratively extend the coil until the desired power can be transferred via the set of coils. In each step, the shape of the extension, i.e., a new turn of the receiver coil, is found as a spiral curve based on the convex hulls of the 2D projected adjacent turns along their normal direction. Then, the optimal position of the receiver coil is found by maximizing the efficiency of the system. In the next step, the position and the shape of the transmitter coil are optimized based on the fixed receiver coil using the same method. This optimization process iterates until an optimum is reached. Simulations and experiments with digitally fabricated prototypes were conducted and the effectiveness of the proposed 3D coil design method was verified.
Coronary Artery Stenting Affects Wall Shear Stress Topological Skeleton
Authors: Chiastra Claudio , Mazzi Valentina , Lodi Rizzini Maurizio , Calò Karol , Corti Anna , Acquasanta Alessandro , De Nisco Giuseppe , Belliggiano Davide , Cerrato Enrico , Gallo Diego , Morbiducci Umberto 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite the important advancements in the stent technology for the treatment of diseased coronary arteries, major complications still affect the postoperative long-term outcome. The stent-induced flow disturbances, and especially the altered wall shear stress (WSS) profile at the strut level, play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to stent thrombosis (ST) and in-stent restenosis (ISR). In this context, the analysis of the WSS topological skeleton is gaining more and more interest by extending the current understanding of the association between local hemodynamics and vascular diseases. This study aims to analyze the impact that a deployed coronary stent has on the WSS topological skeleton. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed in three stented human coronary artery geometries reconstructed from clinical images. The selected cases presented stents with different designs (i.e., two contemporary drug-eluting stents and one bioresorbable scaffold) and included regions with stent malapposition or overlapping. A recently proposed Eulerian-based approach was applied to analyze the WSS topological skeleton features. The results highlighted that the presence of single or multiple stents within a coronary artery markedly impacts the WSS topological skeleton. In particular, repetitive patterns of WSS divergence were observed at the luminal surface, highlighting a WSS contraction action exerted proximal to the stent struts and a WSS expansion action distal to the stent struts. This WSS action pattern was independent from the stent design. In conclusion, these findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of the hemodynamics-driven processes underlying ST and ISR.
Periodic Motion and Frequency Energy Plots of Dynamical Systems Coupled With Piecewise Nonlinear Energy Sink
Authors: Al-Shudeifat Mohammad A. , Saeed Adnan S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The frequency-energy plots (FEPs) of two-degree-of-freedom linear structures attached to a piecewise nonlinear energy sink (PNES) are generated here and thoroughly investigated. This study provides the FEP analysis of such systems for further understanding to nonlinear targeted energy transfer (TET) by the PNES. The attached PNES to the considered linear dynamical systems incorporates a symmetrical clearance zone of zero stiffness content where the boundaries of the zone are coupled with the linear structure by linear stiffness elements. In addition, linear viscous damping is selected to be continuous during the PNES mass oscillation. The underlying nonlinear dynamical behavior of the considered structure-PNES systems is investigated by generating the fundamental backbone curves of the FEP and the bifurcated subharmonic resonance branches using numerical continuation methods. Accordingly, interesting dynamical behavior of the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of the structure-PNES system on different backbones and subharmonic resonance branches has been observed. In addition, the imposed wavelet transform frequency spectra on the FEPs have revealed that the TET takes place in multiple resonance captures where it is dominated by the nonlinear action of the PNES.
Modeling of Supercritical CO2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Under Extreme Conditions. Part I: Correlation Development
Authors: Krishna Akshay Bharadwaj , Jin Kaiyuan , Ayyaswamy Portonovo S. , Catton Ivan , Fisher Timothy S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh-temperature supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles are promising possibilities for future stationary power generation and hybrid electric propulsion applications. Heat exchangers are critical components in supercritical CO2 thermal cycles and require accurate correlations and comprehensive performance modeling under extreme temperatures and pressures. In this paper (Part I), new Colburn and friction factor correlations are developed to quantify shell-side heat transfer and friction characteristics of flow within heat exchangers in the shell-and-tube configuration. Using experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data sets from existing literature, multivariate regression analysis is conducted to achieve correlations that capture the effect of multiple critical geometric parameters. These correlations offer superior accuracy and versatility as compared to previous studies and predict the thermohydraulic performance of about 90% of the existing experimental and CFD data within ±15%. Supplementary thermohydraulic performance data are acquired from CFD simulations with supercritical CO2 as working fluid to validate the developed correlations and demonstrate its capability to be applied to supercrtical CO2 heat exchangers.
Portable optically stimulated luminescence age map of a paleoseismic exposure
Authors: DuRoss Christopher B. , Gold Ryan D. , Gray Harrison J. , Nicovich Sylvia R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The quality and quantity of geochronologic data used to constrain the history of major earthquakes in a region exerts a first-order control on the accuracy of seismic hazard assessments that affect millions of people. However, evaluations of geochronological data are limited by uncertainties related to inherently complex depositional processes that may vary spatially and temporally. To improve confidence in models of earthquake timing, we use a high-density suite of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages with a grid of 342 portable OSL samples to explore spatiotemporal trends in geochronological data across an exemplary normal fault colluvial wedge exposure. The data reveal a two-dimensional age map of the paleoseismic exposure and demonstrate how vertical and horizontal trends in age relate to dominant sedimentary facies and soil characteristics at the site. Portable OSL data provide critical context for the interpretation of 14C and OSL ages, show that geochronologic age boundaries between pre- and post-earthquake deposits do not match stratigraphic contacts, and provide the basis for selecting alternate Bayesian models of earthquake timing. Our results demonstrate the potential to use emergent, portable OSL methods to dramatically improve paleoseismic constraints on earthquake timing.