bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Organic Nutrients and Bioinoculants on Growth and Productivity of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under Semi-arid Conditions of Rajasthan
Authors: Sharma Seema , Sharma L.D. , Singh Surendra , Gupta Shweta , Singh Pratibha 
Published: May 2022

Background: Pearl millet is also called as the “Powerhouse of Nutrition” as it consists of most of the important nutrients in good quantity and quality which are required for maintaining healthy life. Indiscriminate use of high analysis chemical fertilizers results in the environment pollution which is detrimental to the sustainability; there is an urgent need for adoption of farming practice which ensures sustainability, good soil, human and environmental health. Method: A field experiment was taken for three consecutive years during kharif season of 2018 to 2020 at Agronomy Research Farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan to study the impact of various sources of organic nutrients and bioinoculants on growth and productivity of pearl millet. The treatments were comprised of chemical fertilizers, organic manures and microbial biofertilizer consortia (consisting of Azotobactor, Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria) commercially branded as Biomix, which were tested in randomized block design with three replications. Result: All the treatments including farmyard manure (FYM) and vermicompost with and without Biomix had significant effect on soil properties, growth andyield parameters and yield of pearl millet. The pooled data clearly showed that recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher grain (3494 kg/ha) and stover (8612 kg/ha) yields of pearl millet and found at par with treatments T6: 100% RDN through FYM + Biomix; T7: 75% RDN through FYM + Biomix; T8: 100% RDN through vermicompost + Biomixand T9: 75% RDN through vermicompost + Biomixover rest of the treatments. With respect to economics T6 (100% RDN through FYM + Biomix) recorded highest net returns of Rs. 75602 and B:C ratio (4.14) followed by treatment T7 (75% RDN through FYM + Biomix). Continuous application of organic manures with biofertilizers had also significant improvement on soil OC (0.39%), phosphorus (54 kg/ha), potash (310 kg/ha), Zn (0.92 ppm) and Fe (6.92 ppm) over initial soil status.
Biodiversity Conservation of National Parks and Nature-protected Areas in West Africa: The Case of Kainji National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Tang Xiao-lan , Adesina John Adekunle 
Published: May 2022

Due to rising global warming and climate change, biodiversity protection has become a critical ecological concern. The rich biodiversity zones are under threat and are deteriorating, necessitating national, regional, and provincial efforts to safeguard these natural areas. The effective conservation of National Parks and Nature-protected Areas helps to improve biodiversity conservation, forest, and urban air quality. The continuous encroachment and abuse of these protected areas have degraded the ecosystem over time. While exploring the geophysical ecology and biodiversity conservation of these areas in West Africa, Kainji National Park was selected for this study because of its notable location, naturalness, rich habitat diversity, topographic uniqueness, and landmass. The conservation of national parks and nature-protected areas is a cornerstone of biodiversity conservation globally. This study is aimed at the target of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 13, 2030- Climate Action, targeted at taking urgent action towards combating climate change and its impacts. The study captures both flora and fauna that are dominant in the study area. The 15 identified tree species were selected from over 30 species with 563,500,000 (an average of 3,700,000 in each sample frame) trees for every tree species/type with a total of 63% tree green canopy cover. The study areas divided into three zones were randomly sampled within a stratum of 25x25km frames divided into 150 sample frames for proper analyses using the i-Tree Eco v6.0.23. The following microclimatic data were captured and analyzed; photosynthetically active radiation, rain/precipitation, temperature, transpiration, evaporation, water intercepted by trees, avoided a runoff by trees, potential evaporation by trees, isoprene and monoterpene by trees. This study also further discusses the tree benefits of a green, low carbon, and sustainable environment within the context of biodiversity conservation considering carbon storage, carbon sequestration, hydrology effects, pollution removal, oxygen production, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). There is a quick need for remotely-sensed information about the protected areas at regular intervals and government policies must be strict against illegal poaching, logging activities and other hazardous human impacts.
Mangala Polymer Flood Performance: Connecting the Dots Through In-Situ Polymer Sampling
Authors: Shankar Vivek , Shekhar Sunit , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Brown Alasdair , Veerbhadrappa Santhosh , Nakutnyy Petro 
Published: May 2022

Summary
The Mangala field contains medium-gravity viscous crude oil. Notably, it is the largest polymer flood in India and 34% of the stock tank oil initially in place (STOIIP) has been produced in 11 years. Mangala was put on full field polymer flood in 2015, 6 years after the start of field production on waterflood in 2009. Polymer flood added nearly 93 million barrels above the anticipated waterflood recovery in 6 years. Reservoir simulation models could replicate the initial Mangala polymer flood performance. However, the performance of the lower layers of Mangala (FM-3 and FM-4) continued to progressively deviate from modeling estimates. Importantly, the observed polymer breakthrough deviated significantly from predictions.
As the polymer flood matured, the trend of field water cut with time indicated that in-situ polymer viscosity was equivalent to only 50 to 60% of the surface polymer viscosity. For better predictions and corrective actions, it was necessary to understand the nature of degradation, the progressively deteriorating field performance, especially of the lower layers, and the deviation of polymer breakthrough trends from predictions. Carefully designed in-situ polymer sampling, laboratory studies, and reservoir modeling studies helped connect the dots to understand the field performance.
There are several excellent publications on accelerated aging studies and some on polymer sampling. This paper offers an opportunity to directly compare experimental results with field data. The procedures used and lessons learned during field sampling can be useful for other operators for management of polymer floods.
Sexual risk behaviour among school-going adolescents in Sierra Leone and Liberia. A secondary analysis of the 2017 Global school health survey
Authors: James Peter Bai , Osborne Augustus , Bah Abdulai Jawo , Margao Emmanuel Kamanda , Conteh-Barat Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: There is very little information on sexual risk behaviour among Sierra Leone and Liberia school-going adolescents. The present study assessed the prevalence and determinants of sexual risk behaviours among school-aged adolescents in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Method: We used publicly available nationally representative cross-sectional datasets of the 2017 Sierra Leone and Liberia Global school health survey. The sample consisted of 2798 and 2744 school-going adolescents from Sierra Leone and Liberia, respectively. Results: The majority of adolescents in the two countries were involved in multiple sexual risk behaviour (80.2%), with higher prevalence observed in Sierra Leone (85.2%) than in Liberia (75.3%), Liberian adolescents showed lesser odds of indulging in multiple sexual risk behaviours than their Sierra Leonean counterparts (AOR=0.572; 95%CI: 0.345-0.946). Male compared to females were more likely to engage in multiple sexual risk behaviour (AOR=2.310;95%CI:1.543-3.458), with a similar pattern observed in both countries. Alcohol use was associated with multiple sexual risk behaviour (AOR=3.064; 95%CI: 2.137-4.392). Also, in Sierra Leone and Liberia, adolescents with one and two or more forms of psychological distress were more likely to have ever had sex than those who do show any form of psychological distress. Missing class/school was associated with multiple sexual risk behaviour (AOR=1.655; 95%CI:1.133-2.418). Peer support was only found to be a protective factor against no condom use among Liberian adolescents (AOR=0.608; 95%CI: 0.435-0.850). Less parental support was only associated with ever had sex more likely to have ever had sex as seen among adolescents in Sierra Leone (AOR=2.027; 95%CI: 1.322-3.107) but not Liberia (1.034(0.650-1.644). Conclusion: Our study found a high sexual risk behaviour among school-going adolescents in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Our finding highlights the need to strengthen sexual and reproductive health education in schools and communities that incorporate mental health promotion activities tailored to this group.
PepYLCIV and PepYLCAV resistance gene Pepy-2 encodes DFDGD-Class RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Capsicum
Authors: Koeda Sota , Mori Namiko , Horiuchi Ryo , Watanabe Chiho , Nagano Atsushi J. , Shiragane Hayato 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In several countries throughout the world, the whitefly-transmitted begomovirus causes massive yield losses in pepper (Capsicum spp.) production. Although introgression of the genetic resistance against begomovirus to commercial cultivars is strongly required, the recently discovered recessive resistance gene pepy-1, which encodes the messenger RNA surveillance factor Pelota, is the only begomovirus resistance gene identified in Capsicum so far. In this study, we fine-mapped another begomovirus resistance gene from PG1-1 (C. annuum), which is resistant to pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) and pepper yellow leaf curl Aceh virus (PepYLCAV), to further speed up the marker-assisted breeding of begomovirus resistance in peppers. A single dominant locus, Pepy-2, conferring resistance against PepYLCIV in PG1-1 was identified on chromosome 7 by screening recombinants from the F2 and F3 segregating populations derived from a cross between PG1-1 and begomovirus susceptible SCM334. In the target region spanning 722 kb, a strong candidate gene, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3a (CaRDR3a), was identified. The whole-genome and transcriptome sequences of PG1-1 and SCM334 revealed a single Guanine (G) deletion in CaRDR3a first exon, causing a frameshift resulting in loss-of-function in SCM334. In addition, multiple loss-of-function alleles of CaRDR3a were identified in the reference sequences of C. annuum, C. chinense, and C. baccatum in the public database. Furthermore, virus-induced gene silencing of CaRDR3a in PG1-1 resulted in the loss of resistance against PepYLCIV. PG1-1 and the DNA marker developed in this study will be useful to breeders using Pepy-2 in their breeding programs.
MIS-C and co-infection with P. vivax and P. falciparum in a child: a clinical conundrum. A case report.
Authors: Scalisi Michela , Giordano Salvatore , Canduscio Laura Antonella , Failla Maria Concetta , Messina Luca , Sferrazza Elisa , Rubino Raffaella , Siracusa Lucia , Vanella Veronica , Cascio Antonio , Colomba Claudia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic represents an unprecedented global health challenge. Many COVID-19 symptoms are similar to symptoms that can occur in other infections. Malaria should always be considered in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection returning from endemic areas.Case presentation: we present the first case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and Plasmodium vivax-falciparum and SARS-CoV2 coinfection in children. Despite clearance of parassitaemia and a negative COVID-19 nasopharyngeal PCR, the patient’s clinical conditions worsened. The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to make the diagnosis of MIS-C. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and methylprednisolone was effective.Conclusions: this case emphasizes the importance of considering malaria diagnosis in patients returning from endemic areas, even in the COVID 19 era. Malaria and SARS-CoV2 co-infection may increase the risk of MIS-C, for which early detection is critical for proper management.
Classification of Covid-19 Effected CT Images using a Hybrid Approach Based on Deep Transfer Learning and Machine Learning
Authors: Al-jumaili Saif , Duru Dilek Göksel , Ucan Bengisu , Uçan Osman Nuri , Duru Adil Deniz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, several studies attempt to classify the non-invasive medical images in the case of Covid-19. Among them, many research endeavors started to classify Covid-19 using Computed Tomography (CT) scans. To this end, we have proposed a hybrid method that integrates Deep transfer learning and Machine learning. Five types of pre-trained models are used to extract the hidden features from images and then we applied two supervised machine learning algorithms. In the first step, we have applied pre-processing to resize the image for compliance with pre-trained models. Then, we computed the features through the use of CNN models and, finally fed them into SVM and KNN. For the evaluation, we computed the metrics as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, Negative Predictive Value (NPV), F1-Score, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC). Our best results stand for both of the classifiers that used the features of ResNet-50 (98.2%, 98.1%, 98.3%, 98.3%, 98.1%, 98.2%, and 96.5%). It has been shown that the performance of our methodology was better than the ones reported in the literature.
Error related brain state analysis using electroencephalography in conjunction with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during a complex surgical motor task
Authors: Walia Pushpinder , Fu Yaoyu , Schwaitzberg Steven D. , Intes Xavier , De Suvranu , Cavuoto Lora , Dutta Anirban 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training module is designed to provide essential surgical skills. During skill training of the FLS "suturing and intracorporeal knot-tying" task (FLS complex task) – the most difficult among the five psychomotor FLS tasks, the error-related chain of mental processes is postulated to depend on the skill level leading to a difference in the contextual switching of the brain states on error commission between experts and novices. So, this study investigated changes in the brain states using simultaneously acquired functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals during FLS complex task and following motor errors in thirteen right-handed novice medical students and nine expert surgeons. A brain state analysis of the quasi-stable EEG scalp topography (called microstates) changes was performed using 32-channel EEG data acquired at 250Hz (high temporal resolution). Six microstate prototypes were identified from the combined EEG data from experts and novices during the FLS complex task that explained 77.14% of the global variance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) found that the proportion of the total time spent in different microstates during the 10-sec error epoch was significantly affected by the skill level (p < 0.01), the microstate type (p < 0.01), and the interaction between the skill level and the microstate type (p < 0.01). Brain activation based on the slower oxyhemoglobin (HbO) changes corresponding to the EEG band power (1-40Hz) changes were found using the regularized temporally embedded Canonical Correlation Analysis of the simultaneously acquired fNIRS-EEG signals. We found that the HbO signal from the fNIRS channels overlying left inferior frontal gyrus – opercular part, left superior frontal gyrus – medial orbital, left postcentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus – medial orbital cortical areas showed significant (p < 0.05) difference between experts and novices in the 10-sec error epoch. Here, the left superior and inferior frontal gyrus areas are postulated to be related to the error perception, while the activation of the primary somatosensory cortex at the postcentral cortical area can be associated with the error-related corrective action underpinning the perception-action coupling model.
Ordered Mesoporous Silica (SBA-15) Anchored Tungsten and Molybdenum Aminophenolate Complexes: as Efficient and Reusable Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Sulfides with H2O2
Authors: Saberikia Iraj , Safaei Elham , Karimi Babak 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An efficient, selective and reusable approach for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with H2O2 at room temperature is reported. The reaction is performed in the presence of tungsten or molybdenum complex of proline-based mono(phenol) amine (HLPro) immobilized in SBA-15, these have been synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), N2 adsorption–desorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis. These catalysts were easily recovered by a simple filtration and was subsequently reused in the five reaction cycles.
Sugar-based activated carbon regulated BiOBr nanosheets composite for considerably improved photocatalytic capability
Authors: Ye Huilan , Wu Yiting , Zhou Weiming , Lin Ming , Wang Liwei , Yuan zhanhui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, the sugar-based activated carbon-BiOBr composite was designed and synthesized via one-step facile method. The photocatalytic performance of catalysts was evaluated by decolorizing Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated solar light irradiation. It was found that the degradation rate of RhB by 10wt%SAC/BiOBr was dramatically increased about 3.6 times compared with that of pure BiOBr. The enhanced photocatalytic performance might be attributed to the enhanced light-harvesting ability and effective separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the mechanism upon SAC/BiOBr composite photocatalyst was investigated in detail, hoping this work could bring new insight into the theoretical study and application of semiconductors materials as photocatalysis.
A Simple Approach for the Study of the Relationship Between Temperature and Precipitation
Authors: Rodrigo Fernando S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The relationship between temperature and precipitation is not simple. Several physical processes can determine whether this relationship is positive or negative, depending on the geographic location and the season. This paper proposes new indices for studying this relationship at a seasonal level, based on daily data of accumulated precipitation and mean temperature: the Rt(T75) index is defined as the percentage of precipitation corresponding to warm days in the year t, and Rt(T25) the one corresponding to cold days. The so-called "contribution index" is defined as the measurement and extent in which the Rt(T25) and Rt(T75) indices contribute to the each interval of percentage precipitation values. To synthesize the behavior of these indices the index IRt = Rt(T75)-Rt(T25) is proposed and compared to the ITt index, defined as the difference between the average temperature of wet days and that of dry days. These indices are analyzed for four meteorological stations that represent the main climatic domains of the Iberian Peninsula from 1951 to 2019. The results show a negative relationship between temperatures and precipitation, except for the two westernmost stations in winter. The role of atmospheric circulation in this result, particularly the NAO, EA, and WeMO teleconnection patterns, is discussed. Finally, future avenues of research are proposed.
Mask-Associated Dry Eye During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karakose Bengisu , Seker Mustafa Ege , Egriboyun Sebnem , Celebi Ali Riza Cenk 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
PurposeConcerns about limiting viral spread during the Covid-19 pandemic have led to a worldwide increase in the use of face masks. It was proposed that the use of face masks has increased the prevalence of dry eye symptoms. This study was aimed to investigate whether regular face mask use as a key measure against Covid-19 could be associated with development of dry eye- the "Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE)".MethodsA total of 27145 patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital ophthalmology clinic were included in this study. Hospital admission rates due to dry eye before and during Covid-19 pandemic were noted and the mean differences were calculated with a two proportion Z-test.ResultsThe mean difference of hospital admission rates due to dry eye was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.01). Before the Covid-19 pandemic, dry eye admission rate proportions were found significantly lower than during Covid-19 pandemic dry eye admission rate proportions (p<0.01). ConclusionsIt was demonstrated an association between face mask use and increased prevalence of dry eye patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. Given the global impact the Covid-19 pandemic has, further research is necessary to determine the significance of MADE and inform patients about potential preventative measures from mask associated dry eye disease.
Variability studies on Fusarium sp. complex causing Pigeonpea wilt in India
Authors: Reddy B. Deepak , Kumar B. , Yashaswini Gummudala , Karthik Somala , M.S. Sai Reddy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A total of 50 Fusarium isolates were collected from major pigeonpea growing states of India and studied for cultural and morphological characteristics. Among 50 isolates, a total of 30 isolates were selected based on their cultural and morphological characteristics and studied for pathogenic variability on eight pigeonpea (ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2, ICP 9174 ICP 8863, ICP 2376 and BAHAR) differential genotypes. Among the eight genotypes, the four genotypes, namely, ICP8858, ICP 8859, ICP 8862, BDN-2 reacted differentially to isolates and were not consistent in their pathogenicity; however, two genotypes, ICP 9174 and ICP 8863, exhibited resistance reactions, and two genotypes, ICP 2376 and BAHAR, exhibited consistent susceptibility to wilt disease and could diﬀerentiate the 30 Fusarium isolates into six pathogenic variants (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Among the 6 variants, the maximum distribution of Fusarium variants was observed in Bihar and Telangana (4 variants in each state), followed by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra (2 variants) and one variant each in New Delhi and Jharkhand states. ITS-rDNA sequencing of 23 Fusarium isolates revealed that Fusarium udum (65.21) was the dominant species causing pigeonpea wilt in India, followed by Fusarium solani (21.7) and Fusarium equiseti (13.04). The results of the present study were notable in terms of Fusarium variants, which might be used to deploy location specific wilt-resistant cultivars for improved disease management tactics. This study will also aid in the development of broad-based pigeonpea wilt resistant varieties to suppress potential epidemics.