bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Press-Fit Hemihamate Arthroplasty for the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Takeya Hiroaki , Iwamoto Takuji , Kimura Hiroo , Suzuki Taku , Matsumura Noboru , Hosozawa Tetsuji , Iwabu Shohei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Chronic proximal interphalangeal joint fracture-dislocations with articular malunion are complex injuries. Hemihamate arthroplasty is an established technique for the management of both acute and chronic cases but is associated with several complications. We present the clinical experience of modified press-fit hemihamate arthroplasty.
Description of Technique The base of the middle phalanx was exposed from the volar side, and the cartilage defect of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) was evaluated in the hyperextended position. A bone hole was created slightly toward the volar side to recreate the curvature of the PIPJ. The hemihamate osteochondral graft was harvested and fixed into the bone hole in a press-fit manner without using a screw. The volar plate and flexor tendon sheath were then reattached.
Patients and Methods The study included three patients with chronic dorsal fracture-dislocations of the PIPJ. All patients were treated for >6 weeks after the injury (average 11 weeks).
Results The average total arc of motion of the affected joint improved from 38 degrees before surgery to 80 degrees after surgery. Radiographically, bone union and congruity of the joint surface were achieved in all the patients. None of the treated patients complained of resting pain and reported minimal pain during activity (average visual analog scale 0.5; range 0–1.4).
Conclusions Press-fit hemihamate arthroplasty is a safe and effective procedure for treating chronic PIPJ fracture-dislocations without the risk of screw protrusion.
Functionally Addressing Perioral Impairments of the Paralyzed Face
Authors: Flynn John , Kaufman-Goldberg Tal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractManagement of facial palsy is targeted toward correction of individual patient concerns. Both esthetic perioral changes to the face and functional perioral deficits are commonly concerning to patients with facial paly. Herein, we review perioral impairments resulting from both flaccid and postparalytic facial palsy. Additionally, we discuss targeted therapy and a multitude of technical interventions aimed at restoring perioral functionality to optimize oral competence, speech articulation, and quality of life for facial palsy patients.
An extracellular scaffolding complex confers unusual rectification upon an ionotropic acetylcholine receptor in
C. elegans
Authors: Jospin Maëlle , Bonneau Benjamin , Lainé Viviane , Bessereau Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2022

Biophysical properties of ligand-gated receptors can be profoundly modified by auxiliary subunits or by the lipid microenvironment of the membrane. Hence, it is sometimes challenging to relate the properties of receptors reconstituted in heterologous expression systems to those of their native counterparts. Here we show that the properties of
Caenorhabditis elegans
levamisole-sensitive acetylcholine receptors (L-AChRs), the ionotropic acetylcholine receptors targeted by the cholinergic anthelmintic levamisole at neuromuscular junctions, can be profoundly modified by their clustering machinery. We uncovered that L-AChRs exhibit a strong outward rectification in vivo, which was not previously described in heterologous systems. This unusual feature for an ionotropic AChR is abolished by disrupting the interaction of the receptors with the extracellular complex required for their synaptic clustering. When recorded at −60 mV, levamisole-induced currents are similar in the wild type and in L-AChR-clustering–defective mutants, while they are halved in these mutants at more depolarized physiological membrane potentials. Consequently, levamisole causes a strong muscle depolarization in the wild type, which leads to complete inactivation of the voltage-gated calcium channels and to an irreversible flaccid paralysis. In mutants defective for L-AChR clustering, the levamisole-induced depolarization is weaker, allowing voltage-gated calcium channels to remain partially active, which eventually leads to adaptation and survival of the worms. This explains why historical screens for
C. elegans
mutants resistant to levamisole identified the components of the L-AChR clustering machinery, in addition to proteins required for receptor biosynthesis or efficacy. This work further emphasizes the importance of pursuing ligand-gated channel characterization in their native environment.
Specialization of the photoreceptor transcriptome by
Srrm3
-dependent microexons is required for outer segment maintenance and vision
Authors: Ciampi Ludovica , Mantica Federica , López-Blanch Laura , Permanyer Jon , Rodriguez-Marín Cristina , Zang Jingjing , Cianferoni Damiano , Jiménez-Delgado Senda , Bonnal Sophie , Miravet-Verde Samuel , Ruprecht Verena , Neuhauss Stephan C. F. , Banfi Sandro , Carrella Sabrina , Serrano Luis , Head Sarah A. , Irimia Manuel 
Published: July 2022

Retinal photoreceptors have a distinct transcriptomic profile compared to other neuronal subtypes, likely reflecting their unique cellular morphology and function in the detection of light stimuli by way of the ciliary outer segment. We discovered a layer of this molecular specialization by revealing that the vertebrate retina expresses the largest number of tissue-enriched microexons of all tissue types. A subset of these microexons is included exclusively in photoreceptor transcripts, particularly in genes involved in cilia biogenesis and vesicle-mediated transport. This microexon program is regulated by
Srrm3
, a paralog of the neural microexon regulator
Srrm4
. Despite the fact that both proteins positively regulate retina microexons in vitro, only
Srrm3
is highly expressed in mature photoreceptors. Its deletion in zebrafish results in widespread down-regulation of microexon inclusion from early developmental stages, followed by other transcriptomic alterations, severe photoreceptor defects, and blindness. These results shed light on the transcriptomic specialization and functionality of photoreceptors, uncovering unique cell type-specific roles for
Srrm3
and microexons with implications for retinal diseases.
Thermal environment analysis for TianQin: II. Solar irradiance disparity across constellation
Authors: Chen Houyuan , Ling Chen , Yao Ziyang , Zhang Xuefeng , Zhao Xin , Ding Yanwei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors aim to detect GWs in low and middle frequency ranges, as a complement to the terrestrial detectors like LIGO and VIRGO. As the detectors are extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuation, great efforts have been taken to perform thermal analyses on the satellite platforms. Our previous work analysed the external thermal environment of an individual satellite for the TianQin mission. This paper raises the issue of thermal disparity across the triangular constellation. Based on optimized orbits of the TianQin, the LISA, the eLISA/NGO, and the ASTROD-GW, we evaluate the solar irradiance differences between adjacent satellites and make comparisons of the results among the missions. We subsequently introduce a universal relation to describe how orbit type and arm lengths may affect the maximum disparity. For the geocentric orbits of TianQin, we further extend the discussion on the science observation windows.
Flow-insensitive micro-thermal conductivity detector with semi-diffusion gas channel
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Zhou Hong , Wang Yi , Wu Ming , Liu Yanxiang , Huang Gang , Li Tie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A novel micro-thermal conductivity detector with a semi-diffusion gas channel is demonstrated. This semi-diffusion channel can reduce the flow-rate interference significantly by lowering the gas flow velocity above the hot film and maintains fast response speed at the same time. Simulations indicate that the semi-diffusion type with triangular shape has the best flow-insensitive effect. When the temperature of the hot film is about 500 K, the maximal temperature deviation of the hot film caused by flow rate change in this case can be decreased by 82.4% compared with the traditional straight type. Experiments are carried under the conditions of sample and carrier gas commonly used in gas chromatograph (GC), which is achieved by using He and CO2. With the sample gas flow ranging from 1 to 20 sccm, the voltage deviation in the semi-diffusion type is reduced for as much as 85.1% of that in the straight type. This effect is also verified in binary gases with various thermal conductivities. In addition, the recovery time of the semi-diffusion design is almost the same as the straight type, less than 170 ms, indicating it is suitable for the rapid gas detection in GC.
Analytical modeling of a MEMS beam resonator with release-etch holes
Authors: Ozaki Takashi , Ohta Norikazu , Fujiyoshi Motohiro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, a simplified reduced-order modeling scheme is developed to determine the resonant frequency of a doubly clamped beam microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonator with square release-etch holes. New formulations of the effective bending and shear stiffnesses are proposed and applied to the Timoshenko beam equations. The model is validated by comparison with finite element analysis results. The results show that the model can achieve high accuracy for a wide range of dimensions. In conclusion, the developed model is expected to contribute to reduced-order modeling of MEMSs devices.
A Dirac R-matrix calculation for the electron-impact excitation of W+
Authors: Dunleavy N L , Ballance C P , Ramsbottom C A , Johnson C A , Loch S D , Ennis D A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims: tungsten has been chosen for use as a plasma facing component in the divertor for the ITER experiment, and is currently being used on existing tokamaks such as JET. W+ plays an integral role in assessing the impurity influx from plasma facing component of tokamaks and subsequent redeposition. Together with previously calculated a neutral tungsten electron-impact dataset this study allows us to determine neighbouring spectral lines in the same wavelength window of the spectrometer, and detect if there is strong blending of overlapping lines between these two ion stages as well as providing ionisation per photon ratios for both species. The new data is to be used for tungsten erosion/redeposition diagnostics. Methods: a significantly modified version of the GRASP0 atomic structure code in conjunction with DARC (Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code) are used to calculate the Einstein A coefficients and collisional rates used to generate a synthetic W II spectrum. The W II spectrum is compared against tungsten spectral emission experiments. Results: this study is used to model the spectrum of W ii, providing the predictive capability of identifying spectral lines from recent experiments. These results provide an integral part of impurity influx and redeposition determination, as the ionisation rates may be used to calculate S/XB ratios.
Catenary optics: a perspective of applications and challenges
Authors: Luo Xiangang , Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Xu Mingfeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Catenary optics is an emerging direction of subwavelength optics, which is indispensable in describing the electric fields and dispersion property of coupled metallic subwavelength structures, and designing broadband high-efficiency geometric-phase metasurfaces. It involves catenary optical fields and catenary structures, in which both ordinary and equal-length catenary functions play important roles. In recent years, catenary optics has realized a variety of exotic phenomena and optical applications, including broadband photonic spin-Hall effect, super-resolution lithography, broadband absorbers, and extreme-angle imaging. Here, we discuss developments of catenary optics, including a brief history, physical concept and properties, applications, and future perspectives.
Phase transition of DNA knotting in spherical space
Authors: Nie Xiaolin , Xiong Caiyun , Zhou Xun , Liu Yanhui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Knots have been discovered in various biological systems, such as DNA. The knotting probability of DNA in free space depends non-monotonically on its bending rigidity and has a prominent peak. The current work aims to understand the underlying mechanism of the non-monotonic dependence of DNA knotting probability on bending rigidity. Monte Carlo simulations are performed on a closed DNA molecule confined in spherical space described by a worm-like chain model and a flexible kink model, respectively. The closed DNA’s contour length and the spherical space radius both increase knotting probability, but also alter the unimodal dependence of knotting probability on bending rigidity. This is generalized using universal phase diagrams based on the two models. Under the flexible kink model, the total knotting probability of closed DNA is obviously increased at a relatively high excited energy. This supports the expectation that the entropy effect of knot size favours knot formation at a relatively low bending rigidity. In a given spherical space, the increasing contour length of closed DNA described by the worm-like chain model results in a visible shift in the knotting probability distribution. At the same time, the gyration radius of non-trivial closed DNA becomes comparable to that of trivial closed DNA, so that their ratio is not anti-correlated with average knot length. For closed DNA of various contour lengths, the relationship between average knot length and bending rigidity has a universal behaviour: the average knot length decreases to a local minimum at a bending rigidity of ∼5 and then gradually increases to a constant value. The existence of the local minimum is determined by the cut-off distance in repulsive Lennard–Jones potential. The bending rigidity corresponding to the beginning of the constant average knot length is consistent with that at the peak in the knotting distribution. At this point, the knot-size effect balances with the fragment free-energy effect and, at an even greater bending rigidity, knot length breathes around the average knot length value.
Non-linear Hall effect in multi-Weyl semimetals
Authors: Roy Saswata , Narayan Awadhesh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the presence of time reversal symmetry, a non-linear Hall effect can occur in systems without an inversion symmetry. One of the prominent candidates for detection of such Hall signals are Weyl semimetals. In this article, we investigate the Berry curvature induced second and third order Hall effect in multi-Weyl semimetals with topological chargesn=1,2,3. We use low energy effective models to obtain general analytical expressions and discover the presence of a large Berry curvature dipole (BCD) in multi-Weyl semimetals, compared to usual (n = 1) Weyl semimetals. We also study the BCD in a realistic tight-binding lattice model and observe two different kinds of variation with increasing topological charge—these can be attributed to different underlying Berry curvature components. We provide estimates of the signatures of second harmonic of Hall signal in multi-Weyl semimetals, which can be detected experimentally. Furthermore, we predict the existence of a third order Hall signal in multi-Weyl semimetals. We derive the analytical expressions of Berry connection polarizability tensor, which is responsible for third order effects, using a low energy model and estimate the measurable conductivity. Our work can help guide experimental discovery of Berry curvature multipole physics in multi-Weyl semimetals.
Multimetallic transition metal phosphide nanostructures for supercapacitors and electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Zhang Nan , Amorim Isilda , Liu Lifeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have recently emerged as an important class of functional materials and been demonstrated to be outstanding supercapacitor electrode materials and catalysts for electrochemical water splitting. While extensive investigations have been devoted to monometallic TMPs, multimetallic TMPs have lately proved to show enhanced electrochemical performance compared to their monometallic counterparts, thanks to the synergistic effect between different transition metal species. This topical review summarizes recent advance in the synthesis of new multimetallic TMP nanostructures, with particular focus on their applications in supercapacitors and electrochemical water splitting. Both experimental reports and theoretical understanding of the synergy between transition metal species are comprehensively reviewed, and perspectives of future research on TMP-based materials for these specific applications are outlined.
Streamer-to-spark transitions in deionized water: unsymmetrical structure and two-stage model
Authors: Li Yuan , Wen Jia-ye , Huang Yi-fan , Zhang Guan-jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This letter focuses on the streamer-to-spark transitions generated by microsecond pulsed discharges (±20 kV of amplitude, 150 μs of pulse width) in deionized water to provide a quantitative insight into the underwater breakdown process. The discharge channel during underwater electrical breakdown is generally considered as a homogenous blackbody radiator by the arc model. However, we report an unsymmetrical structure of negative breakdown channel in water which shows great discrepancy from the frequently observed uniform structure. An improved two-stage analytical model is proposed to quantitatively estimate the parameter variations of the discharge channels, e.g. radius, temperature, pressure. The calculated results show that the discrepancy in parameters of different parts of negative discharge channel is tremendous. Specifically, during negative electrical breakdown, the region of discharge channel near ground electrode owns greatest values in characteristic parameters (e.g. T
max = 22 300 K, P
max = 0.145 GPa and v
max = 219 m s−1), which are far above the counterparts of main body of channel. By introducing field ionization and impact ionization mechanisms during the propagation of the streamer, we explain the rapid expansion of positive discharge channel and the regions of negative channel near the needle tip as well as the ground electrode. Besides, the deposited homocharges at the gas–liquid interface weaken the ionizations in main body of negative breakdown channel, and hence causing the formation of the unsymmetrical structure.
Low power degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water using a nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Johnson M J , Maza W A , Breslin V M , Boris D R , Petrova T B , Walton S G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The prevalence and persistence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has led to significant concerns over the damage they can have on human health and the environment, particularly when they contaminate bodies of water. In this work, a plasma driven with high-voltage (20 kV) pulses of varying duration (50–400 ns) and frequency (0.5–10 kHz) is investigated for degrading perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water. The concentration of PFOS in solution decreased with repeated passes through the reactor. Increasing the power consumption of the plasma, either by increasing the pulse width or the frequency, improved the rate of PFOS loss but decreased the energy efficiency. For instance, reducing the frequency of the pulse from 10 kHz to 500 Hz decreased the power consumption by over an order of magnitude while requiring about twice as much time to reduce 50% of the PFOS signal. Time-averaged emission spectroscopy showed that increasing the frequency decreased the average electron density of the plasma while infrared measurements indicate only a modest increase to the temperature of the reactor. In contrast, increasing the pulse width from 50 ns to 400 ns did not have a significant impact on the average electron density or the reactor temperature. Spectroscopy revealed the presence of photons with energies >5 eV which could contribute to PFOS loss. This work shows that the main factor determining PFOS loss is the contact time between the plasma reactor and the solution, which implies the most energy efficient operating parameters for PFOS degradation comes from minimizing the duration and frequency of the high-voltage pulses to reduce power consumption.
Vertical gate cavity bulk-planar junctionless FET-based biosensor for label-free detection of biomolecules
Authors: Singh Deepika , Patil Ganesh C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a vertical gate bulk-planar junctionless field-effect transistor (VGC-BPJLFET)-based biosensor for the label-free detection of neutral and charged target biomolecules. The vertical gate structure exhibits better performance due to high gate controlability in the channel region, which improves the drain current of the device. The enhancement in drain current significantly increases the sensing capability of the biosensor. To sense the neutral (APTES, biotin, streptavidin, protein, etc) and charged (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)) target biomolecules, the VGC-BPJLFET biosensor includes a vertical nanogap cavity in between the gate electrodes of the device in which HfO2 behaves as the functionalization layer. However, for the detection of both neutral and charged biomolecules, the two electric parameters (dielectric constant (K) and the charge density (ρ)) are considered in the etched nanogap cavity. Furthermore, to see the potentiality of the VGC-BPJLFET biosensor, the proposed biosensor has been compared to the lateral gate cavity BPJLFET biosensor in terms of drain current, sensitivity, linearity and signal-to-noise ratio characteristics. From the comparison, it has been observed that the proposed device has a higher sensitivity of ∼104 and ∼103 with the conjugation of neutral (APTES (K = 3.57)) and charged (DNA (ρ = −1 × 1011 cm−2)) biomolecules, respectively. The VGC-BPJLFET biosensor also carries the better sensing capability to sense the target biomolecules with the presence of unwanted (air) biomolecules in the etched nanogap cavity.
On the role of mechanosensitive binding dynamics in the pattern formation of active surfaces
Authors: Bonati M , Wittwer L D , Aland S , Fischer-Friedrich E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The actin cortex of an animal cell is a thin polymeric layer attached to the inner side of the plasma membrane. It plays a key role in shape regulation and pattern formation on the cellular and tissue scale and, in particular, generates the contractile ring during cell division. Experimental studies showed that the cortex is fluid-like but highly viscous on long time scales with a mechanics that is sensitively regulated by active and passive cross-linker molecules that tune active stress and shear viscosity. Here, we use an established minimal model of active surface dynamics of the cell cortex supplemented with the experimentally motivated feature of mechanosensitivity in cross-linker binding dynamics. Performing linear stability analysis and computer simulations, we show that cross-linker mechanosensitivity significantly enhances the versatility of pattern formation and enables self-organized formation of contractile rings. Furthermore, we address the scenario of concentration-dependent shear viscosities as a way to stabilize ring-like patterns and constriction in the mid-plane of the active surface.