bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic epidemiology of human neutrophil antigen variants suggests significant global variability
Authors: Rophina Mercy , Scaria Vinod 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman neutrophil antigens possess significant clinical implications especially in the fields of transfusion and transplantation medicine. Efforts to estimate the prevalence of genetic variations underpinning the antigenic expression are emerging. However, there lacks a precise capture of the global frequency profiles. Our article emphasizes the potential utility of maintaining an organized online repository of evidence on neutrophil antigen‐associated genetic variants from published literature and reports. This, in our opinion, is an emerging area and would significantly benefit from the awareness and understanding of population‐level diversities.
Waiting for guardianship in a public hospital geriatric inpatient unit: a mixed methods observational case series
Authors: Connolly Joanna , Peisah Carmelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients in acute hospital settings waiting for guardianship and financial management (FM) hearings experience extended length of stay (LOS), with known consequences for frail elderly. This, together with universal agreement that substitute decision‐making is a last resort measure, an imperative exists to examine guardianship and FM applications made from within hospital for geriatric inpatients.AimsThis study aims to examine processes around Guardianship applications in a public hospital Geriatric inpatient setting including times to, reasons for and outcomes of referral; and to explore the content of the medical records in relation to criteria for application.MethodThis was a mixed methods observational case series using descriptive data supplemented by qualitative case‐note analysis of inpatients referred for guardianship (with/without FM) from 2018 to 2020 in a New South Wales Geriatric Medicine inpatient unit. Medical records were examined for evidence of operationalised criteria for guardianship, aligned with disability, capacity and need/risk common to most Australian jurisdictions.ResultsOf 45 patients with guardianship applications, 98% were granted guardians and 33 of 37 (89%) FM applications. Multiple risks underpinned applications, most commonly frequent falls (49%) and medication mismanagement (49%). Although only 29% were in receipt of services preadmission, 98% were discharged to residential care. Average hospital LOS was 70 days (interquartile range, 35), contributed to by delays between admission and decision to apply for guardianship/FM (median, 28 inpatient days) and uncertainties around or lack of documented capacity assessments.ConclusionThis study identifies potential points along pathways towards guardianship in hospital settings, which might be targeted to streamline if not divert some of these applications. Points of intervention include at initiation of applications, with consideration of alternatives to substitute decision‐making by addressing patient needs and using supported decision‐making, while improving clinician understanding of capacity assessment and guardianship.
High internalized stigma among community‐dwelling patients with schizophrenia: Associations with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, personality traits and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Hsiao Chiu‐Yueh , Lu Huei‐Lan 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTStigma attached to schizophrenia among patients is a global concern to mental health advocates. The extent of internalized stigma experienced by consumers with schizophrenia living in the community and its correlates have not been fully explored. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of high internalized stigma and its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, personality traits and aspects of health‐related quality of life among community‐dwelling consumers with schizophrenia. A descriptive, correlational study with a cross‐sectional design was conducted with 149 consumers from outpatient psychiatric clinics of two hospitals in Taiwan. Face‐to‐face interviews with structured questionnaires were adopted. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, chi‐squares tests, independent t‐tests and a binary logistic regression analysis. Approximately 41.6% of consumers with schizophrenia experienced high internalized stigma. In the subscales, a high experience of discrimination experience (43.6%) was reported, followed by alienation (34.2%), social withdrawal (28.2%), stereotype endorsement (24.8%) and stigma resistance (20.8%). Being younger at the onset of schizophrenia, attaining lower education, having a history of suicidality, fewer positive personality traits and poor aspects of health‐related quality of life were significantly associated with high internalized stigma. Personality traits in the domains of emotional stability and conscientiousness and social and environmental aspects of health‐related quality of life appeared to be the most relevant to risk of high internalized stigma. Anti‐stigma initiatives coupled with personality‐traits modules and modifications of health‐related quality of life are suggested for mental health professionals and policy makers to ameliorate internalized stigma among community‐dwelling consumers with schizophrenia.
The relationship between size and metabolic rate of juvenile crown of thorns starfish
Authors: Deaker Dione J. , Byrne Maria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the notoriety of the corallivorous crown of thorns starfish (COTS, Acanthaster sp.), with population outbreaks that decimate reefs throughout the Indo‐Pacific, the physiology of the juvenile stage remains poorly understood. We determined the feeding rate and metabolic rate of juvenile COTS during their initial algae‐eating stage. The metabolic rate of juveniles after their ontogenetic diet transition from a diet of coralline algae to coral was also investigated. We found that the weight‐specific metabolic rate of both the herbivorous (mean = 0.052 mg O2 g−1 h−1) and corallivorous (mean = 0.034 mg O2 g−1 h−1) juveniles increased exponentially with juvenile size. Juveniles consumed ~4 mm2 of algae (Amphiroa sp.) in 1 day, and consumption rate also increased with juvenile size. Juveniles may impact the distribution of coralline algae for other herbivores on coral reefs and the settlement habitat for many invertebrate larvae. Increased metabolism of both herbivorous and corallivorous juveniles with size is indicative of their increasing ecological impact as they grow, highlighting the importance of understanding the juvenile physiology of influential species such as COTS.
New insights into intrinsic point defects of delafossite CuAlO2 as optoelectronic materials
Authors: Zhao Zong‐Yan , Zhang Jia‐Xin , Chen Xian‐Lan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDelafossite CuAlO2 has great potential in optoelectronics applications. The intrinsic point defects play the decisive roles in the optoelectronic properties and application of CuAlO2. However, there are still disputes about their relevant underlying physical mechanisms at the atomic scale. Here, the formation of intrinsic point defects of CuAlO2 and their effects on optical absorption spectra and electronic structure have been systematically investigated using first‐principles calculations. In oxygen‐rich and oxygen‐poor chemical environments, acceptor‐type defects such as Cu vacancy and Cu substitution on the Al site can spontaneously form and produce p‐type conductivity at room temperature. This is the important physical basis for CuAlO2 to be widely used as transparent conductive oxide films. The shallow acceptor‐type levels produced by Cu substitution on Al site and O vacancy, and the shallow donor‐type levels produced by interstitial Cu, are favorable for the separation of photo‐generated electron–hole pairs, which can be suitable for applications in photocatalysis and photovoltaics. The Cu or Al vacancy can produce delocalized energy band at the top of valence band and pinning Fermi level at the same time, which may make CuAlO2 a degenerate semiconductor and produce local surface plasmon resonance effect. Al substitution on Cu site and interstitial Al or O form complex deep defect energy bands in the forbidden band and produce significant multiband optical absorption in the visible–NIR region. They are expected to become alternative materials for photoluminescence and photoelectric detection. This work demonstrates the importance of intrinsic defect engineering for optimizing optoelectronic properties and thus promoting the discovery of novel optoelectronic materials.
Effect of material parameters on thermal shock crack of ceramics calculated by phase‐field method
Authors: Zuo Chuandong , Li Qingxian , Wang Qian , Li Yuqiao , Li Long , Wei Jiachen , Shao Yingfeng , Song Fan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on alumina ceramics, we employ the phase‐field method to study the effects of thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness on thermal shock cracks. The results show that increasing thermal conductivity and fracture toughness will reduce thermal shock damage. That is, the long crack length becomes shorter, or the crack density becomes smaller. However, increasing the thermal expansion coefficient and Young's modulus will increase thermal shock damage. It is consistent with the previous thermal shock theory. The effect of material parameters on crack propagation speed was also considered. In addition, we carried out a thermal shock test of the zirconia. The results of the phase‐field calculation are the same as the thermal shock results of the zirconia. This paper verifies that the phase‐field method is suitable for simulating thermal shock cracks in other ceramics.
Bulk GdBCO–Ag superconductors with holes
Authors: Radušovská Monika , Diko Pavel , Hajdová Petra , Volochová Daniela , Antal Vitaliy , Hlásek Tomáš , Plecháček Vladimír , Antončík Filip 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBulk single‐grain GdBCO–Ag superconductors with and without holes grown using a top‐seeded melt‐growth process are analyzed. The levitation force at 77 K is higher for the sample with holes. From the performed complex microstructural analysis, we were able to assess the positive, negative, or neutral contribution of the analyzed microstructural elements in the studied samples. It turns out that the macroscopic superconducting properties can be negatively affected by defects arising during the absorption of the holes by the growth front of the crystal. Other microstructural features, such as a higher volume fraction of Gd2BaCuO5 (Gd211) in the a‐growth sector (GS) than in the c‐GS and the presence of tetragonal regions of GdBa2Cu3O7−x (Gd123) are similar in both samples and cannot significantly affect the observed difference in macroscopic superconducting properties. In terms of macroscopic superconducting properties, in our opinion the most important is the lower porosity of the a‐GSs in the upper part of the sample with holes.
Phase behavior, proton concentration, and conductivity of La2Ce2O7 doped with Y, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb
Authors: Ismail Sara Adeeba , Han Donglin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLa2Ce2O7 is a fluorite‐type oxide, showing almost pure oxide ion conduction in dry oxygen atmosphere. Under wet oxygen atmosphere, protons are introduced into La2Ce2O7 through hydration reaction, making the material proton‐conducting. However, compared with the oxide ion conductivity, the proton conductivity is negligibly small in La2Ce2O7. Here we report the effect of doping trivalent rare earth cations R3+ (R = Y, Ho, Er, Yb, or Tm) and elevating partial pressure of water vapor on the proton concentration and conductivity of La2Ce2O7. The samples show single fluorite phases with the doping level up to 0.2, and the solubilities of these dopants were within 0.2–0.3 in La2Ce2O7. The proton concentration increased by doping, due to higher amount of hydratable oxygen vacancies, and statistical coordination of oxide ions surrounded by R3+ in addition to La3+. The sample with the Y content (x) of 0.05 showed the highest conductivity at 600°C among La2(Ce1−xYx)2O7−δ (x = 0–0.3) samples, possibly due to the balance between the improved hydration ability and decreased mobility of protons with the increasing Y doping level. Then, the dopant content was fixed to 0.05, and La2(Ce0.95R0.05)2O7−δ (R = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, or Yb) was prepared. It was found that as the water vapor partial pressure increased, the proton concentration and conductivity increased regardless of the dopants. Y‐doped La2Ce2O7−δ ha the highest proton concentration and conductivity.
Therapeutic hypothermia alleviates myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis via the mediation of the SIRT3/NLRP3 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lu Yimei , Yu Peng , Li Zhangwang , Liu Yang , Zhang Jun , Tang Xiaoyi , Yu Shuchun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia (TH) may attenuate myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury, thereby improving outcomes in acute myocardial infarction. However, the specific mechanism by which TH alleviates MIRI has not been elucidated so far. In this study, 120 healthy male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Haemodynamic parameters, myocardial infarction area, histological changes and the levels of cardiac enzymes, caspase‐1 and inflammatory cytokines were determined. In addition, the extent of myocardial fibrosis, the degree of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression levels of SIRT3, GSDMD‐N, fibrosis‐related proteins and inflammation‐related proteins were estimated.TH reduced myocardial infarct area and cardiac enzyme levels, improved cardiomyopathic damage and haemodynamic indexes, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis, the protein expression levels of collagen I and III, myocardial apoptosis, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation‐related proteins. Notably, the immunofluorescence and protein expression levels of SIRT3 were upregulated in the 34H+DMSO group compared to the I/R group, but this protective effect was abolished by the SIRT3 inhibitor 3‐TYP. After administration of Mcc950, the reversal effects of 3‐TYP were significantly abolished, and TH could protect against MIRI in a rat isolated heart model by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis. The SIRT3/NLRP3 signalling pathway is one of the most important signalling pathways in this regard.
Tonic and phasic irritability in 6‐year‐old children: differential correlates and outcomes
Authors: Silver Jamilah , Mackin Daniel M. , Bufferd Sara J. , Dougherty Lea R. , Goldstein Brandon L. , Carlson Gabrielle A. , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveIrritability is a common and clinically important problem in children and adolescents and a risk factor for later psychopathology and impairment. Irritability can manifest in both tonic (e.g., irritable, touchy mood) and phasic (e.g., temper outburst) forms, and recent studies of adolescents suggest that they predict different outcomes. However, no studies have examined whether tonic and phasic irritability are empirically distinguishable in 6‐year‐old children and whether they have distinct correlates and outcomes.MethodWe utilized data from a longitudinal study of an unselected community sample of four hundred fifty‐two 6‐year‐olds followed at 3‐year intervals to age 15. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using relevant items from a diagnostic interview and several parent‐report inventories.ResultsThe CFA identified dimensions that were consistent with tonic and phasic irritability. Tonic irritability was independently associated with concurrent parent‐reported temperamental negative affectivity and internalizing and externalizing disorders at age 6 and predicted higher rates of internalizing psychopathology, and suicidal ideation, in adolescence. Phasic irritability was independently associated with concurrent parent‐reported temperamental negative affectivity, surgency, and low effortful control, maladaptive parenting styles and practices, and externalizing disorders at age 6, and predicted higher rates of externalizing psychopathology in adolescence.ConclusionsTonic and phasic irritability in 6‐year‐old children appear to be distinguishable constructs with different temperament and parenting correlates and psychopathological outcomes. Distinguishing these components has implications for research on the etiology and pathophysiology of irritability and developing effective treatments.
Portable food diagnostic devices and methods: A review
Authors: Kapse Shrikant , Kausley Shankar , Rai Beena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe instantaneous detection of food quality is of paramount importance as it can help in taking different decisions in real time. These include the decision on consumption, inventory management, maintaining the storage conditions and even to repurpose the food if it cannot be used for the desired application. In this review, different portable food diagnostic devices and methods are studied and compared as consumers are interested in knowing the food's quality before consumption. The quality of food in real‐time will help in avoiding many problems such as the consumption of unsafe food and taking prompt decisions to avoid wastage in the food supply chain. Portable food diagnostic devices provide advantages such as easy to use, compact, handheld, connectivity with smartphone for rapid diagnosis, as well as these devices have the potential to eliminate traditional method problems such as the requirement of a trained user, bulky equipment, and lengthy diagnosis procedure. In this study, different types of portable food diagnostic devices and methods are compared in terms of their working principle, features, applications, and limitations. These devices are classified in three main categories, as composition analysis, safety, and security based on application. Further these devices are subclassified in single/multiple composition analysis devices, toxic, allergen detecting devices, and methods. Portable food diagnostic devices and methods provide a rapid and on‐site diagnosis. However, the success of these devices depends upon their accuracy, simplicity, and cost‐effectiveness.Practical ApplicationsThe study provides comparative analysis of different portable food diagnostic devices, which help in selecting an appropriate device in terms of its accuracy, size and cost suitable under different supply chain scenarios. This will ultimately help in decision making required for minimizing the food losses. These devices will benefit farmers, suppliers, retailers, and operators in food processing industries. The individual users can also use these devices to manage the food quality. The study also provides the limitations of exiting devices and the need of new research for developing more compact devices measuring multiple constituents in the food in a precise and cost‐effective manner.
Moisture‐dependent engineering properties of underutilized browntop millet (unhulled and hulled) and characterization of milled flour
Authors: Niranjan Thota , Dwivedi Madhuresh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrowntop millet is an underutilized indigenous cereal crop. It is termed as the nutricereal due to its superiority in terms of nutritional quality. The current study attempted to investigate the effect of moisture content (10%–27%) on properties such as physical, mechanical, aerodynamic, and textural properties of unhulled and hulled browntop millet to uncover the gaps in developing the efficient primary processing machinery. In addition, we investigated the impact of milling on the biochemical, functional, color, structural, and powder flow properties of browntop millet flour. The results revealed that as the moisture content increased, the principle dimensions, 1000 grain weight, terminal velocity, angle of repose, and static coefficient of friction were linearly increased. In the same moisture content range, characteristics such as true density, bulk density, porosity, and hardness displayed an inverse trend. Milling showed a substantial (p < 0.05) influence on the nutritional, functional and color parameters. FTIR spectra and X‐ray diffraction patterns demonstrated a slight change in functional groups and a slight decrease in starch crystallinity respectively. All three millet flours were cohesive. These flours, however, exhibited a positive correlation with bulk density and a negative correlation with wall friction and effective internal friction angles as the principle consolidating stress increased.Practical ApplicationMillets are a globally significant food crop with major economic influence in developing nations. They are one of the most significant drought‐resistant crops, and a good source of health‐promoting complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, and phytochemicals. Despite of their high nutritional superiority and environmental friendliness, production and consumption have declined over the years. The significant factor contributing to this decline is the lack of machinery or equipment available to process on a commercial and residential scale after harvest. The knowledge of the measured properties will encourage researchers to develop and modernize equipment used for destoning, grading, sorting, separation, dehulling, and conveying. The measured nutritional, mineral, functional, structural, and powder flow properties of milled browntop millet fractions will help develop a new product. So that millet can be used to its full potential.
Prevalence of cholelithiasis in lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp.) kept under human care by using abdominal ultrasound
Authors: Felippi Daniel Angelo , Franco Paolla Nicole , Bonatelli Shayra Peruch , da Silva Jeana Pereira , Guimarães Victor Yunes , Breda Maria Rosa Santos , Pagani Rafael , dos Santos Bruna , Takahira Regina Kiomi , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCholelithiasis is a digestive system disorder of multifactorial origin that occurs due to stones formed in the gallbladder. This study aimed at investigating by abdominal ultrasound examination the prevalence of cholelithiasis in lion tamarins kept under human care.MethodsThirty lion tamarins from five Brazilian zoos, including 17 golden lion tamarins and 13 golden‐headed lion tamarins, were evaluated.ResultsConsidering all lion tamarins, the overall frequency of cholelithiasis was 53.3% (16/30). There were no significant differences between species and sex. Cholelithiasis was predominant (75.0%) in lion tamarins older than 5 years. Septate gallbladder was observed in 86.6% (26/30) of the lion tamarins. Of these, 53.8% (14/26) had gallstones. Biochemical analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between gamma‐glutamyl transferase and the number of gallstones.ConclusionsAsymptomatic cholelithiasis is frequent in lion tamarins kept under human care. Therefore, systematic monitoring through ultrasound should be part of the preventive care of these animals.