bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a digitally-obtainable 10-year all-cause mortality risk score based on data from 497,712 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Colombo Michele , Dolezalova Nikola , Despotovic Aleksa , Reed Angus B. , Morelli Davide , Aral Mert , Plans David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
All-cause mortality (ACM) scores are a useful tool for identifying individuals with decreased life expectancy. An interpretable score consisting of smartphone-obtainable variables could allow for long-term management of individual health and support the next generation of healthcare monitoring and preventative practices. The aim of this study was to develop a 10-year ACM risk score using the UK Biobank dataset, using only digitally-obtainable variables.
Methods
The models were developed using the full UK Biobank cohort comprising nearly 500,000 individuals. We extracted 399 features from the dataset and, through a data-driven feature selection process with subsequent clinical review, identified 34 features for the final model. As part of the study, we compared two survival analysis approaches: Cox proportional hazards model and DeepSurv, a deep learning-based survival analysis algorithm.
Results
Before feature selection, Cox performed similarly to DeepSurv, achieving a c-index of 0.771 (95% CI 0.770–0.772) and 0.774 (95% CI 0.772–0.775) on the test dataset, respectively. Using the selected 34 features, the c-index of Cox decreased slightly to 0.770 (95% CI 0.769–0.770) and DeepSurv to 0.758 (95% CI 0.755–0.762). The models show excellent calibration at 10 years.
Discussion
This study describes a smartphone-compatible ACM score, with excellent predictive ability. The score described here improves on a previous smartphone-compatible score, C-Score, by incorporating non-modifiable factors in addition to variables which can be actively modified to reduce risk.
Conclusion
We have developed a smartphone-compatible ACM score that is comprehensive, easily interpretable and actionable, and as such, could provide a powerful tool for preventative healthcare.
First-in-human demonstration of functional task performance using a sonomyographic prosthesis
Authors: Engdahl Susannah M. , Acuña Samuel A. , King Erica L. , Bashatah Ahmed , Sikdar Siddhartha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Ultrasound-based sensing of muscle deformation, known as sonomyography, has shown promise for accurately classifying the intended hand grasps of individuals with upper limb loss in offline settings. Building upon this previous work, we present the first-in-human demonstration of real-time prosthetic hand control using sonomyography to perform functional tasks. An individual with congenital bilateral limb absence was fitted with sockets containing a low-profile ultrasound transducer placed over forearm muscle tissue in the residual limbs. A classifier was trained using linear discriminant analysis to recognize ultrasound images of muscle contractions for three discrete hand configurations (rest, tripod grasp, index finger point) under a variety of arm positions designed to cover the reachable workspace. A prosthetic hand mounted to the socket was then controlled using this classifier. Using this real-time sonomyographic control, the participant was able to complete three functional tasks that required selecting different hand grasps in order to grasp and move one-inch wooden blocks over a broad range of arm positions. Additionally, these tests were successfully repeated without retraining the classifier across three hours of prosthesis use and following simulated donning and doffing of the socket. This study supports the feasibility of using sonomyography to control upper limb prostheses in real-world applications.
Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa) of the Liver: a Report of Two Cases
Authors: Li Yi-xiang , Lv Wei-long , Wang Li-li , Qu Meng-meng , Zhu Yuan-hui , Lei Jun-qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is an uncommon tumor of mesenchymal origin which can arise at a variety of visceral and soft tissue sites. It most often occurs in the uterus, but develops in the liver very infrequently, only 8% of PEComa cases.Here, we present two pathologically proven cases of PEComa of the liver, retrospectively discuss the clinical, imaging and histological features.Case presentation: Case1:A 54-year-old female patient with intermittent epigastric discomfort for 2 years and aggravated for 5 days.The laboratory examinations were normal.Computed tomography (CT) showed the lesions were located on the right lobe The discomfort had resolved after surgery and PEComa was diagnosed after pathological examination of the surgical specimen. The patient has been followed-up for 5 years without recurrence.Case2:A 30-year-old woman was found to have a mass of liver incidentally during regular physical examination after breast cancer surgery. On contrast enhancement CT, a well demarcated mass was found. After operation, pathological diagnosis was established as malignant PEComa of the right liver. Neither primary recurrence nor metastasis was found during the 2-year follow-up.Conclusions: The imaging manifestations of liver PEComa have certain characteristics. When the tumor density is not uniform or contains fat, and thickening vascular shadow appears around the lesion, combined with clinical and laboratory examination, suggestive diagnosis can be made.
Case Report : Primary Mediastinal Leiomyoma
Authors: Lam Ngoc My , Cappello Matteo , Foucart Annick , Remmelink Myriam 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background : The presence of leiomyoma in the anterior mediastinum is uncommun and less than 20 cases were described in the literature. Herein we report a 44-year-old woman with an asymptomatic anterior mediastinal mass who underwent complete surgical tumor resection. Methods : Imaging techniques, anatomopathological analysis and immunohistochemical stains were performed to find the diagnosis.Results : The proposed pathological diagnosis is primary mediastinal leiomyoma.Conclusions : Primary mediastinal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor. It develops from smooth muscle fibers of large vessels or esophagus. Total surgical resection is the treatment of choice.
Confidence Bands and Hypothesis Tests for Hit Enrichment Curves
Authors: Ash Jeremy R , Hughes-Oliver Jacqueline M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In virtual screening for drug discovery, hit enrichment curves are widely used to assess the performance of ranking algorithms with regard to their ability to identify early enrichment. Unfortunately, researchers almost never consider the uncertainty associated with estimating such curves before declaring differences between performance of competing algorithms. Appropriate inference is complicated by two sources of correlation that are often overlooked: correlation across different testing fractions within a single algorithm, and correlation between competing algorithms. Additionally, researchers are often interested in making comparisons along the entire curve, not only at a few testing fractions. We develop inferential procedures to address both the needs of those interested in a few testing fractions, as well as those interested in the entire curve. For the former, four hypothesis testing and (pointwise) confidence intervals are investigated, and a newly developed EmProc approach is found to be most effective. For inference along entire curves, EmProc-based confidence bands are recommended for simultaneous coverage and minimal width. While we focus on the hit enrichment curve, this work is also appropriate for lift curves that are used throughout the machine learning community. Our inferential procedures trivially extend to enrichment factors, as well.
Application of Novel Quantitative Measurement of Iris Angiography in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Longli , Chai Yue , Zhang Luyuan , Hei Kaiwen , Li Xiaorong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore the application of a novel quantitative measurement of iris angiography (IA) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: This was a single-center, cross-sectional prospective study. Totally 168 consecutive patients with diabetic mellitus (DM) were involved into this study from May 2016 to December 2020, 168 subjects were devided into 3 groups, 32 non-retinopathy patients,96 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients(NPDR), and 40 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examination, such as best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp microscopy, gonioscopy, ultra-wide-field fundus photography, fluorescein angiography of the iris (IFA), and indocyanine green angiography of the iris (IIGA). The starting of iris vascular leakage time(LT) was recorded, and the range of pupil fluorescein leakage was measured by a novel measurement. Results: LT of iris in non-retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) groups were 33.14 ± 3.03s, 32.45 ± 5.17s, and 25.67 ± 5.03s, respectively. The LT in the PDR group was significantly faster than those in the NPDR and non-retinopathy groups (P=0.000). The iris pupil leakage range (LR) of the non-retinopathy, NPDR, and PDR groups were 21.21 ± 30.06, 62.48 ± 42.17, and 141.31 ± 73.61°, and LR in PDR groups were largest among all groups (P=0.000). Neovascularization of the iris (NVI) was detected in 8 eyes (26.7%) in the PDR group. No NVI was found in non-retinopathy and NPDR groups.Conclusions: The novel quantitative measurement of IA can be used to evaluate the severity of diabetic iridopathy (DI) accurately and detect invisible NVI as early as possible to provide a basis for the formulation of personalized treatment for DR patients.
Management of Thoracic Trauma in Intensive Care Unit in Togo: A Particular Reference to Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lome
Authors: Mouzou Essohanam Tabana , ASSENOUWE SARAKAWABALO , Lamboni Damessane , Bignandi Kondo , Moumouni Abd El Kader , Ef Pwèmdéou , Kai-Samba Ib , Sama Hamza Doles , Tchetike Pikabalo , Egbohou Pilakimwé , Poko Magnoudewa , Akondo Maliki , Mawa-eya Akala Yoba Gnimdo , Songne Gnankoulaba 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The Management of thoracic trauma (TT) requires important resources, especially for intensive cares. In developing countries, intensive care units (ICUs) are often the first facilities providing life-saving care to severe trauma patients. This study aimed to analyze the management of TT in a Togolese ICU.Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in the ICU of the SylvanusOlympio University Hospital (SO UH) of Lomé, over a six-year period. The records of TT inpatients were analyzed from registers. Statistical tests were performed using Epi-info 7.2.4 software. Results: Of the inpatients for resuscitation, one hundred and ninety-five patients (195) were admitted with TT (5.1% of ICU admission), with 187 selected for the research. Their mean age was 38.1 ± 13 years and sex-ratio = 6.8. Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) were the most frequent causes (87.2%). Patients had respiratory distress (62.6%), hemorrhagic shock (4.8%) and severe coma (24.6%). It was polytrauma in 92.5% of the cases with 75.9% of cranio-encephalic injuries. Fifty patients underwent surgery. Resuscitation included oxygen therapy (65.8%), mechanical ventilation (15%), decompression needle thoracostomy (11.2%), chest drainage (10.7%), analgesia, sedation (54%), vascular filling (21.9%), administration of vasopressors (14.4%) and blood transfusion (49.7%). The mean length for ICU stay was 12.7 ± 6 days. At least one complication occurred in 55.8% of patients: sepsis in 43.3%, bronchopulmonary infection in 32.1%, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in 25.7%, hemorrhagic shock in 16.6% and septic shock in 15%.Eighty-four patients (44.9%) died of septic shock (30.9%), hemorrhagic shock (14.3%), brain injuries (36.9%), and ARDS (9.5%). The management faced shortcomings such as inadequate aseptic conditions, unavailability of arterial blood gas test, insufficiency of surveillance monitors and ventilators. Conclusion: TTs were common in ICU. Most of the patients presented associated injuries. ICU management was successful in most cases, but faced challenges. It is necessary to improve equipment and management protocols.
Molecular epidemiological study of porcine epidemic diarrhea from winter 2020 to spring 2021 in Jiangsu Province
Authors: ZHU tingfan , Qian Jinhan , Shen Zijun , Shao Hongxia , Qian Kun , Jin Wenjie , Qin Aijian , Wang Jian , Wang Qianqian , Zhang Wencheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) that occurs most frequently from winter to spring. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially among piglets, and causes huge losses in the pig industry. The aim of this molecular epidemiological study was to identify the current strains of PEDV that are prevalent in Jiangsu Province, China.Methods: From winter 2020 to spring 2021, 793 small intestine tissue, fecal, and anal swab samples were collected from 72 pig farms in 11 counties in the jurisdiction of 5 regions of Jiangsu Province (Yancheng, Suqian, Changzhou, Xuzhou, and Yangzhou). A highly variable region of the S gene was amplified and sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted to compare this sequence with corresponding sequences from reference strains deposited in GenBank. Results: A total of 457 samples from 57 pig farms were positive for PEDV: this implies a positivity rate of 79% (57/72) for pig farms and a sample positivity rate of 57.6% (457/793). The positivity rates were 78% (107/137) in Yancheng, 53% (218/409) in Suqian, 48% (94/195) in Changzhou, 80% (16/20) in Xuzhou, and 88% (14/16) in Yangzhou. Seven representative samples were selected for sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the seven isolated strains exhibited 88.0%–100% nucleotide identity and 87.3%–99% amino acid identity. Additionally, our isolates exhibited 88.3%–99.7% nucleotide identity and 88%–98.5% amino acid identity with the reference PEDV strains. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that there were considerable difference in the sources of the variants.Conclusions: PEDV had a high infection rate among pigs and is possibly the main pathogenic agent of pig diarrhea in Jiangsu province. Importantly, vaccines must be screened for their efficacy against the newly identified variants.
Ultrasound-Assisted Removal Of Foreign Bodies In Oral And Maxillofacial Soft Tissues During Emergency Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Luo Dan , Zhou Jinbo , Tang Wei , Zeng Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Without accurate location and guidance, the removal of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial tissues is difficult. Meanwhile, real-time assessment of whether all foreign bodies are removed during surgery is the key to a successful operation. Because of the long preparation time and the lack of real-time data, the present technologies such as navigation, guide template technology could not meet the requirements of emergency surgery and assess foreign body removal in real-time. In this report, a case of ultrasound technology assisting in the removal of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial soft tissues during emergency surgery is presented. In conclusion, ultrasound technology can assist in the removal of foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial soft tissues, especially suitable for emergency surgery. It can realize accurate preoperative diagnosis and measurement, precise intraoperative localization, real-time guidance, measurement, and evaluation of foreign bodies.
Comparison of mortality and clinical failure rates between vancomycin and teicoplanin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
Authors: Lee Jang Ho , Choi Myeong Geun , Park Hyung Jun , Kim Ho Cheol , Choi Chang-Min 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Very few studies have compared the effects and side effects of vancomycin and teicoplanin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of vancomycin and teicoplanin in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.Methods: This study examined 116 patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia who met the inclusion criteria and were treated with either vancomycin (n = 54) or teicoplanin (n = 62). The primary (i.e., clinical failure during treatment) and secondary outcomes (i.e., mortality rates, discontinuation of study drugs due to treatment failure, side effects, and clinical cure) were evaluated.Results: The vancomycin group presented lower clinical failure rates (25.9% vs. 61.3%, p < 0.001), discontinuation due to treatment failure (22.2% vs. 41.9%, p = 0.024), and mortality rates (3.7% vs 19.4%, p = 0.010). The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that teicoplanin was a significant clinical failure predictor compared with vancomycin (adjusted odds ratio, 2.395; 95% confidence interval, 1.220-4.703; p = 0.011). The rates of drug change due to side effects were higher in the vancomycin group than in the teicoplanin group (24.1% vs. 1.6%, p <0.001).Conclusions: Vancomycin presented favorable treatment outcomes and more side effects compared with teicoplanin, which suggests that clinicians would need to consider the efficacy and potential side effects of these drugs before prescription.
A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists and their Potential in Neurological
Disorders
Authors: Lambertucci Catia , Marucci Gabriella , Catarzi Daniela , Colotta Vittoria , Francucci Beatrice , Spinaci Andrea , Varano Flavia , Volpini Rosaria 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Endogenous nucleoside adenosine modulates a number of physiological effects
through interaction with P1 purinergic receptors. All of them are G protein-coupled
receptors, and, to date, four subtypes have been characterized and named A1, A2A, A2B,
and A3. In recent years, adenosine receptors, particularly the A2A subtype, have become attractive
targets for the treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders, known to involve
neuroinflammation, like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, multiple sclerosis,
and neuropsychiatric conditions. In fact, it has been demonstrated that inhibition of A2A
adenosine receptors exerts neuroprotective effects counteracting neuroinflammatory processes
and astroglial and microglial activation. The A2A adenosine receptor antagonist istradefylline,
developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., was approved in Japan as adjunctive
therapy for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, and very recently, it was also approved
by the US Food and Drug Administration. These findings pave the way for new therapeutic
opportunities, so, in this review, a summary of the most relevant and promising A2A
adenosine receptor antagonists will be presented along with their preclinical and clinical
studies in neuroinflammation related diseases.
Current Advances in Diazoles-based Chemosensors for CN- and FDetection
Authors: Portilla Jaime , Sarmiento Jeymy T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Advances in molecular probes have recently intensified because they are valuable tools in studying species of interest for human health, the environment, and industry. Among these species, cyanide (CN-) and fluoride (F-) stand out as hazardous and toxic ions in trace amounts. Thus, there is a significant interest in probes design for their detection with diverse dia-zoles (pyrazole and imidazole) used for this purpose. These diazole derivatives are known as functional molecules because of their known synthetic versatility and applicability, as they ex-hibit essential photophysical properties with helpful recognition centers. This review provides an overview of the recent progress (2017-2021) in diazole-based sensors for CN- and F- detection, using the azolic ring as a signaling or recognition unit. The discussion focuses on the mechanism of the action described for recognizing the anion, the structure of the probes with the best syn-thetic simplicity, detection limits (LODs), application, and selectivity. In this context, the analy-sis involves probes for cyanide sensing first, then probes for fluoride sensing, and ultimately, du-al probes that allow both species recognition.
Bone Metabolism Alterations in Systemic Sclerosis: An Insight into Bone Disease in SSc: From the Radiographic Findings to their Potential Pathogenesis and Outcome
Authors: Sciacca Stefania , Corrado Addolorata , Rotondo Cinzia , Cantatore Francesco Paolo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Previous research has shown conflicting reports about the effect of systemic sclerosis (SSc) on bone metabolism, especially considering bone mineral density (BMD), bone microarchi-tecture, and risk of fracture. The objective of this review is to analyze data from previous articles to investigate the differences in BMD and fracture risk between SSc and non-SSc populations and to discuss potential underlying mechanisms. The main factors investigated have been BMD (mean and standard deviation), t-scores and z-scores at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bone remodeling markers, fracture prevalence, and incidence, trabecular bone score (TBS), musculoskeletal involvement with particular correlation to SSc skin subtype and extent, disease duration, serological pattern, and vitamin D levels. Since mi-crovascular alterations evaluated through nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) of SSc patients have recently been correlated with decreased BMD and bone microarchitecture, the vascular impairment in SSc has been proposed as a remarkable contributing element in bone remodeling, and the role of hypoxia has been investigated.
P68 RNA Helicase (DDX5) Required for the Formation of Various Specific and Mature miRNA Active RISC Complexes
Authors: Kokolo Mariette , Bach-Elias Montse 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:DEAD-box RNA helicases catalyze the ATP-dependent unwinding of double-stranded RNA. In addition, they are required for protein displacement and remodelling of RNA or RNA/protein complexes. P68 RNA helicase regulates the alternative splicing of the important proto-oncogene H-Ras, and numerous studies have shown that p68 RNA helicase is probably involved in miRNA biogenesis, mainly through Drosha and RISC/DICER complexes.Objective:This study aimed to determine how p68 RNA helicase affects the activity of selected mature miRNAs, including miR-342, miR-330, miR-138 and miR-206, miR-126, and miR-335, and let-7a, which are known to be related to cancer processes.Methods:The miRNA levels were analyzed in stable HeLa cells containing p68 RNA helicase RNAi induced by doxycycline (DOX). Relevant results were repeated using transient transfection with pSu-per/pSuper-p68 RNA helicase RNAi to avoid DOX interference.Results:Herein, we reported that p68 RNA helicase downregulation increases the accumulation of the mature miRNAs, such as miR-126, let-7a, miR-206, and miR-138. Interestingly, the accumulation of these mature miRNAs does not downregulate their known protein targets, thus suggesting that p68 RNA helicase is required for mature miRNA-active RISC complex activity.conclusion:Furthermore, we demonstrated that this requirement is conserved, as drosophila p68 RNA helicase can complete the p68 RNA helicase depleted activity in human cells. Dicer and Drosha proteins are not affected by the downregulation of p68 RNA helicase despite the fact that Dicer is also localized in the nucleus when p68 RNA helicase activity is reduced.