bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konzepte singulärer und pluraler Autorschaft in Filmkritik und Filmproduktion
Authors: Kamp Werner 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Debates about authorship in cinema have held a privileged position in film studies since the 1950s, when the young generation of critics of the film journal Cahiers du Cinema formulated the politique des auteurs. This critical strategy proposed that the director of a film was the major creative source of the finished work. Since this assumption contradicts the industrial and collaborative character of the film medium, the politique has been questioned, attacked and reformulated ever since its beginnings. The auteur theory was appropriated and deconstructed under the influence of structuralist and poststructuralist theories that questioned the very concepts of individual creativity and self-expression. Nevertheless, questions about authorship in cinema did not vanish but were developed in many ways. If film is regarded not only as an art form but as a commodity, the director’s name cannot only be regarded as a sign of a discernible style (a ›world view‹), but as a brand name. ›Scorsese‹, ›Tarantino‹, ›Lynch‹, ›Nolan‹ – these names imply certain images, dramatic approaches, and themes. They also serve as a label for marketing a product. Directors and producers like Steven Spielberg or Ridley Scott lend their names to a certain kind of media production (film or television series) that raises expectations associated with their work. They do not necessarily work as a director. As producers – or even only as the owners of a production company – they may function as a kind of team leader, leaving the creative work to hired teams. In television, the showrunner is the major creative and managing force in the production of a series that is scripted, shot, and directed by several production crews simultaneously. Film and media studies have sought to discern the structures of collective working from historical and contemporary perspectives. Bordwell and others have described the (Hollywood) system and its mode of production, that defined the auteurs’ work. When looking closer at ›the system‹, it becomes obvious that there are different kinds of authorship in existence. Recent production studies on the working conditions in todays’ television have sought to analyse the structures of working together and ask questions about individual agency. The growing awareness of collective authorship promotes new ways of close film analysis. The German television series Babylon
Berlin here serves as an example of a major contemporary media production with multiple creative influences and explicit collective authorship. A closer look at the successful series reveals the impact of this plurality on its storytelling and form.
An investigation and analysis of plasmonic modulators: a review
Authors: Chauhan Diksha , Sbeah Zen , Dwivedi Ram Prakash , Nunzi Jean-Michel , Thakur Mohindra Singh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Plasmonics is an emerging and very advantageous technology which provides high speed and tiny size devices for fulfilling the demand of today’s high-speed world. SPPs are the information carrying elements in plasmonics, which are capable of breaking the diffraction limit. Plasmonics technology has shown its application in uncountable nanophotonic applications like switching, filtering, light modulation, sensing and in many more fields. Modulators are the key components of integrated photonic system. Various modulators which work on different effects are discussed in this study for providing a universal idea of modulators to researchers. Some useful plasmonic active materials are also discussed which are used in most of plasmonic modulators and other active devices. Previously, many researchers have worked on many kinds of modulators and switches, which operate on different kind of operating principles. For providing an overview about plasmonic modulators, their classification and their operation, we have discussed the state of art of some previously introduced modulators and switches which operates on electro-refractive effects and include electro-optic effect, Pockels effect, free charge carrier dispersion effect, phase change effect, elasto-optic effect, magneto-optic effect, and thermo-optic effect. Instead of different effects used in plasmonic switches and modulators different active materials like liquid crystals, graphene, vanadium di-oxide, chalcogenides, polymers, indium tin oxide, bismuth ferrite, barium titanate, and lithium niobate are also explained with their properties. Additionally, we also compared modulators based on different effects in terms of their design characteristics and performances.
High calcium content of Eucalyptus dunnii wood affects delignification and polysaccharide degradation in kraft pulping
Authors: Vegunta Vijaya , Senthilkumar Eashwara Raju , Lindén Pär , Sevastyanova Olena , Vilaplana Francisco , Garcia Andres , Björk Maria , Jansson Ulla , Henriksson Gunnar , Lindström Mikael E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Eucalyptus dunnii is cultivated in Uruguay for kraft pulping purposes. However, depending on the growth site, the kraft pulping properties of the wood vary highly, and in some cases, pulping is difficult. Different batches of wood were chemically characterized and the only significant difference related to the pulping properties was the calcium content. The calcium appears to at least partly be present in the form of crystals in the lumen. Kraft pulping experiments on wood with different calcium contents indicated that high calcium led to slower delignification, and higher yield losses. Hexeneuronic acid formation was not significantly affected. Possible mechanistic explanations for these effects are discussed.
Closed-loop recycling and fabrication of hydrophilic CNT films with high performance
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Wang Shuangyuan , Wang Qiufan , Zhang Daohong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) film has attracted tremendous attention in functional material research for its unique structure and excellent properties. However, pristine CNT (PCNT) film is hydrophobic, and mechanical strength and conductivity are poor than reported individual CNT. These challenges impede its wide application. Highly efficient closed-loop recycling of both monomer and CNT film is a major challenge. Herein, hydrophilic CNT film with high mechanical strength and conductivity was prepared under the synergistic effects of in situ nitrogen doping and thiol-ene click reaction. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and electrical conductivity both in perpendicular and in longitudinal directions are 1,362, 1,658, 222, and 218% higher than those of PCNT film. Closed-loop recycling of CNT film and monomer with high recyclability (100 and 86.72%) has been achieved in a gentle acid environment. The CNT films are 100% recovered and reused to fabricate thiol-functionalized CNT film without deterioration of performance after three cycles, which provides a novel strategy for the preparation of high-performance CNT film and a pathway for high-efficiency closed-loop recycling of CNT film and monomer.
Techniques and Ideas. Zigzag Motif, Barbed Line, and Shaded Band in the Meso-Neolithic Bone Assemblage at Zamostje 2, Volga-Oka Region (Russia)
Authors: Lozovskaya Olga V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mesolithic geometric ornamentation is a part of the complex worldview of the latest hunter-gatherer societies. Questions about the functional role of the ornament in utilitarian objects – knives, daggers, arrowheads, etc. – do not have an unambiguous answer. Despite a variability of ornamental motives used, there are some stable connections between certain types of ornaments with some categories of bone tools. On the materials of the Late and Final Mesolithic layers of the wetland site Zamostje 2 (Volga-Oka region), we will consider some examples with the zigzag motif, the most numerous and heterogeneous type of ornament, as well as rarely presented motives of “ladders” and “lines with dots or eyelashes.” The number of samples (120) is sufficient to draw some preliminary conclusions about the context of their application. So, the zigzag is observed on different types of tools, but its connection with sharp-piercing objects is most clearly manifested. The type of relief zigzag is inextricably related to slotted sickle-shaped tools. Zigzag is often the only decorative element on an item and is expressed by a simple or double line; less often it is included in complex compositions. Both types of zigzags and methods of application (fine engraving, scraping, relief carving, etc.) were not regulated and obviously performed different functions depending on the compositional characteristics and the raw material’s type. Compositions of “ladders” located at an angle to each other are also associated with projectile weapons. Lines “with eyelashes” appear to have been a part of the standard dagger decoration.
Socratic and Cartesian Personae: Undismembering and Liquidation
Authors: Polt Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe essay investigates two personae: Socrates as depicted by Plato and Descartes as narrator of theDiscourse on MethodandMeditations. Socrates is aware of his ignorance and insists on remembering to care for the self; Descartes claims to have overcome ignorance through a method that breaks problems into simple and certain elements, establishing a self-certain yet impersonal subject that comprehends and controls objects. The Cartesian approach has led to the modern process of “liquidation” that reduces beings, property, and truth to resources, wealth, and information – initiating the dangerous and unprecedented epoch known as the Anthropocene. The Socratic approach offers some promise of reintegration and resistance to liquidation by urging us to care for wholeness and recognizing that being exceeds what we comprehend.
Influence of plutonium oxidation state on the formation of molecular hydrogen, nitrous acid and nitrous oxide from alpha radiolysis of nitric acid solution
Authors: Perrin Brandon , Venault Laurent , Broussard Emilie , Vandenborre Johan , Blain Guillaume , Fattahi Massoud , Nikitenko Sergey 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The study of the formation of radiolytic products, such as molecular hydrogen and nitrous acid, is of primary importance in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and the storage of aqueous solutions containing radioactive materials. The radiolytic yields of molecular hydrogen, nitrous acid and nitrous oxide from alpha radiolysis of nitric acid solutions containing plutonium have been experimentally investigated. The results have shown that the yields of radiolytic products depends on the nitric acid concentration as well as the oxidation state of plutonium. However, the influence of plutonium oxidation state on radiolytic yields is less notable as the nitric acid concentration increases. Molecular hydrogen production decreases with increasing nitric acid concentration while nitrous acid and nitrous oxide productions increase. While radiolytic yields from plutonium(IV) nitric acid solutions have been previously investigated, this study provides radiolytic yields from alpha radiolysis of plutonium(III) and plutonium(VI) nitric acid solutions for molecular hydrogen, nitrous acid and nitrous oxide. These information provide insight into the role played by plutonium redox behaviour on the formation of radiolytic products.
A new approach for the pleiotropic effect of metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Atici Yasemin , Baskol Gulden , Bayram Fahri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Metformin is the first choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment in the guidelines and is used in combination with many drugs. Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6)/Axl signaling plays a role in many metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the effects of metformin and metformin-insulin combination used in patients with T2DM on Gas6, Axl, and soluble Axl (sAxl) levels.

Methods
A total of 71 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 21 healthy subjects were divided into 4 groups control, diet and exercises recommended (DER), metformin, and metformin + insulin. Diabetic patients were treated with metformin only or with a metformin-insulin combination and monitored for six months. Gas6, Axl, and sAxl levels of subjects’ sera obtained from their baseline and post-therapeutic sixth month blood samples were measured by ELISA methods.

Results
Compared to baseline, the sixth month Gas6 and Axl levels of metformin and metformin + insulin groups significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in sAxl values for these two groups of patients.

Conclusions
The use of metformin in diabetic patients may be beneficial for inhibiting the Gas6/Axl pathway. This study presents a new aspect of the pleiotropic effects of metformin. This study will be clinically useful for designing therapeutic approaches targeting Gas6/Axl.
Das Solidaritätsprinzip im Fokus einer GKV-Reform
Authors: Pimpertz Jochen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Almost 9 out of 10 Germans are covered by the pay-as-you-go solidarity-based health insurance. However, including the remaining population would hardly expend the solidarity redistribution in the cross-section. It is true that in the pay-as-you-go system a solidary balance between young and old can be achieved at any time. But in an ageing population, this can only succeed in the long term at the expense of the young. To preserve intergenerational solidarity, expenditure financed by contribution must be limited. A funded second pillar should be set up to provide for future increase in expenditure above and beyond this.
22 Years after: The ECB at the crossroads of its monetary policy
Authors: Sell Friedrich L. , Stiefl Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die EZB hat bereits zum 1. Januar 1999 ihre Arbeit aufgenommen. Sie ist daher ihren Kinderschuhen längst entwachsen. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir das neue, symmetrische „2 %-Inflationsziel“, das Ausmaß an früheren Zielverletzungen, aber auch das zweite, nie wirklich explizit formulierte Ziel der EZB, das den Zusammenhalt der Eurozone zum Gegenstand hat. Die Theorie optimaler Währungsräume hält mit Roland Vaubel’s Kriterium der Variabilität der Inflationsraten ein überzeugendes Instrument bereit, um den Grad des monetären Zusammenhalts in der Eurozone zu messen. Danach hat sich der Europäische Währungsraum zwischen 1999 und 2020 in manchen Teilperioden ziemlich, in anderen weniger gut dargestellt. Unsere eigenen empirischen Untersuchungen deuten allerdings nicht auf die Existenz kleinerer Ländergruppen innerhalb der Eurozone hin, die einen signifikant besseren Währungsraum als die heutige Eurozone abgeben würden. Die Kernziele der EZB, nämlich der Erhalt der Eurozone einerseits und die Sicherung von Preisniveaustabilität andererseits, stehen künftig nicht mehr länger (wie zwischen 2008 und 2020) komplementär zueinander, sondern befinden sich in Zeiten steigender Inflationsraten in einem direkten Zielkonflikt.
Der Digital Markets Act als Regelwerk für fairen Wettbewerb im Netz
Authors: Käseberg Thorsten 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The author, who is responsible for competition policy in the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, analyses the objectives, the regulatory approach, the substantive obligations and the strengths and potential shortcomings of the Digital Markets Act (DMA). The contribution attempts to answer the question to which extent the DMA will deliver on its twin promise to increase contestability and fairness on digital markets.
Der DMA kurz vor dem Kompromiss: Effektive und effiziente Digitalregulierung sicherstellen
Authors: Kühling Jürgen , Stühmeier Torben 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
After the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council presented their positions on the Digital Markets Act (DMA) last year, negotiations between the three institutions in the so-called triologue negotiations have been ongoing since the beginning of this year. There is probably agreement on the goal: The DMA should break up entrenched market positions of gatekeeper platforms and protect competition in the digital markets for the benefit of consumers. However, there still seems to be a need for discussion in detail, e. g., as regards the definition of addressees and the scope of conduct obligations (esp. the self-preferencing prohibition). The Monopolies Commission recently made some suggestions in this regard in a Special Report.
Preventing Unintentional Injuries in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bou-Karroum Lama , El-Jardali Fadi , Jabbour Mathilda , Harb Aya , Fadlallah Racha , Hemadi Nour , Al-Hajj Samar 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Unintentional injuries constitute the leading causes of death and long-term disabilities among children aged 5 to 15 years. We aimed to systematically review published literature on interventions designed to prevent unintentional injuries among school-aged children.

METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PsycINFO and screened the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. We included randomized controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies, and interrupted time series studies. The focus of included studies was on primary prevention measures. Two reviewers collected data on type of study design, setting, population, intervention, types of injuries, outcomes assessed, and statistical results.

RESULTS
Of 30 179 identified studies, 117 were included in this review. Most of these studies were conducted in high-income countries and addressed traffic-related injuries. Evidence from included studies reveals that multicomponent educational interventions may be effective in improving safety knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in school-aged children mainly when coupled with other approaches. Laws/legislation were shown to be effective in increasing cycle helmet use and reducing traffic-related injury rates. Findings reveal the relevance of infrastructure modification in reducing falls and improving pedestrian safety among children.

CONCLUSIONS
Additional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of unintentional injury prevention interventions on injury, hospitalizations, and mortality rates and the impact of laws and legislation and infrastructure modification on preventing unintentional injuries among school-aged children.
The impact of physical activity on students' happiness in the context of positive and negative motivation
Authors: Blonska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2022

Background and Study Aim. This study investigated whether the physical activity and the type of motivation among students inactive in professional sport can enhance their life satisfaction.Material and Methods. An experimental study was conducted with the participation of 164 students (not athletes) aged 24,52±4. In the experimental groups participants engaged in physical activity which they performed at their leisure 3 times a week for at least 30 minutes for 6 weeks. Additionally, the students were motivated to be active in a positive way (focus on benefits), in a negative way (focus on avoiding losses) or were not motivated at all. The experiment was based on a mixed group plan - with the initial and final measurement of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).
Results. The results confirm that involvement in regular sport brings benefits in terms of improving psychological well-being. The type of motivation proved to determine the influence of the practiced sport on life satisfaction. Students who were negatively motivated achieved a positive change but in terms of the level of negative affect it was lower than in the other groups. On the other hand, positively motivated students achieved the greatest change in terms of positive and negative emotions. However, there was no increase in the level of subjective well-being in these subjects. The greatest psychological benefits of sports activity were achieved by the subjects who were focused only on being active without additional motivation. There were no changes in the analyzed variables in the control group.Conclusions. This data may contribute to promoting undertaking leisure activities that will actually increase life satisfaction of young adults.
Evaluation and comparative analysis of the results of a vertical jump between young basketball and handball players
Authors: Aksović Nikola , Bjelica Bojan , Milanović Filip , Cicović Borislav , Bubanj Saša , Nikolić Dejan , Skrypchenko Iryna , Rozhechenko Victor , Zelenović Milan 
Published: April 2022

Background and Study Aim. Team sports, basketball and handball, as well as their competitions, are very popular throughout the world. The aim of this research was evaluation and comparative analysis of the results of a vertical jump between young basketball and handball players.
Material and Methods. A group of 37 participants took part in the research: 21 basketball players from the basketball club OKK ''Novi Pazar'' (age: 15.5 ± 0.5) from Novi Pazar formed the first subgroup and 16 handball players from the handball club RK ''Železničar 1949'' (age: 25.4 ± 5.8; body height = 193.5 ± 7.5 cm; body weight = 94.0 ± 7.4 kg; body mass index = 25.03 ± 2.38 kg/m2) from Niš formed the second subgroup. Explosive power of the vertical jumps was assessed by the following tests: countermovement jump, countermovement jump/arm swing, squat jump. Participants had at least 5 years of training experience and held similar acute training histories prior to study commencement, completing 4 weeks of baseline conditioning during the general preparatory phase. Participants were free of injury, illness and disease as determined by a team physician prior to study participation.
Results. The results of the independent samples t-test show that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between basketball and handball players in all vertical jump tests.
Conclusions. This article contains new information about vertical jumps of young male basketball and elite male handball players that could be extremely useful for coaches. Also, these findings suggest that basketball coaches may benefit from talents’ identification in young basketball players.
Uyarlamalı Ağ Tabanlı Bulanık Mantık Çıkarım Sistemi ve Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Türkiye’deki COVID-19 Vefat Sayısının Tahmin Edilmesi
Authors: TURAN Tülay , TURAN Gökhan , KÖSE Utku 
Published: April 2022

COVID-19, küresel pandemi olarak ilan edilmiş, kritik ve ölümcül bir hastalıktır. Küresel salgın tehlikesinin sürmekte olduğu bu süreçte, pandemi ile yüzleşmek için özel politikalar ve planlar yapmak oldukça önemlidir. COVID-19 doğrulanmış verilerini kullanarak, yapay zeka teknikleri ile tahminlerde bulunmak ise gelecek planlarının geliştirilmesine yardımcı olduğu için önemli bir konudur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 bilgilendirme sayfasında yayınlanan veriler kullanılarak, uyarlamalı ağ tabanlı bulanık mantık çıkarım sistemi (ANFIS) ve yapay sinir ağları (YSA) ile tahmin modelleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu modeller farklı istatistiksel değerlendirme kriterleri kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda ANFIS modeli	0.0247 ortalama mutlak hata (MAE) değeri, 0.0012 ortalama kare hata (MSE) değeri, 0.0351 kök ortalama kare hata (RMSE) değeri ve 0.9847 regresyon katsayısı R2 sonucu ile en iyi model sonucunu elde etmiştir. Ayrıca ANFIS ile oluşturulan modelin gelecek beş günlük vefat sayılarını %96 doğruluk oranı ile tahmin ettiği görülmüştür.