bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dependence of upper ocean gyres on wind and buoyancy forcing
Authors: Liu Tongya , Ou Hsien-Wang , Liu Xiaohui , Qian Yu-Kun , Chen Dake 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of numerical simulations with different forcing conditions are carried out, to investigate the roles played by buoyancy and wind forcing on the upper ocean gyres, and to contrast the laminar and eddying regimes. Model experiments show that the buoyancy-driven eastward geostrophic flow tends to suppress the formation of the wind-driven subpolar gyre, but the northward eddy heat transport can homogenize the subpolar water and reduce the meridional temperature gradient by about two-third, thus counteracting the buoyancy effect and saving the subpolar gyre. For the subtropical gyre, its transport is enhanced by eddy mixing, and the role of buoyancy forcing is very sensitive to the choice of diapycnal diffusivity. Our results suggest that eddy effects must be considered in the dynamics of the subpolar gyre, and vertical diffusivity should be selected carefully in simulating the basin-wide circulations.
Knockout of caspase-7 gene improves the expression of recombinant protein in CHO cell line through the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase
Authors: Safari Fatemeh , Akbari Bahman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Chinese hamster ovary cell line has been used routinely as a bioproduction factory of numerous biopharmaceuticals. So far, various engineering strategies have been recruited to improve the production efficiency of this cell line such as apoptosis engineering. Previously, it is reported that the caspase-7 deficiency in CHO cells reduces the cell proliferation rate. But the effect of this reduction on the CHO cell productivity remained unclear. Hence, in the study at hand the effect of caspase-7 deficiency was assessed on the cell growth, viability and protein expression. In addition, the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was investigated in the absence of caspase-7.

Results
Findings showed that in the absence of caspase-7, both cell growth and cell viability were decreased. Cell cycle analysis illustrated that the CHO knockout (CHO-KO) cells experienced a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. This cell cycle arrest resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in the expression of luciferase in CHO-KO cells compared to parenteral cells. Furthermore, in the apoptotic situation the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in CHO-KO cells was approximately 3 times more than CHO-K1 cells.

Conclusions
These findings represented that; however, caspase-7 deficiency reduces the cell proliferation rate but the resulted cell cycle arrest leads to the enhancement of recombinant protein expression. Moreover, increasing in the caspase-3 enzymatic activity compensates the absence of caspase-7 in the caspase cascade of apoptosis.
Predicting relapse or recurrence of depression: systematic review of prognostic models
Authors: Moriarty Andrew S. , Meader Nicholas , Snell Kym I. E. , Riley Richard D. , Paton Lewis W. , Dawson Sarah , Hendon Jessica , Chew-Graham Carolyn A. , Gilbody Simon , Churchill Rachel , Phillips Robert S. , Ali Shehzad , McMillan Dean 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundRelapse and recurrence of depression are common, contributing to the overall burden of depression globally. Accurate prediction of relapse or recurrence while patients are well would allow the identification of high-risk individuals and may effectively guide the allocation of interventions to prevent relapse and recurrence.AimsTo review prognostic models developed to predict the risk of relapse, recurrence, sustained remission, or recovery in adults with remitted major depressive disorder.MethodWe searched the Cochrane Library (current issue); Ovid MEDLINE (1946 onwards); Ovid Embase (1980 onwards); Ovid PsycINFO (1806 onwards); and Web of Science (1900 onwards) up to May 2021. We included development and external validation studies of multivariable prognostic models. We assessed risk of bias of included studies using the Prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST).ResultsWe identified 12 eligible prognostic model studies (11 unique prognostic models): 8 model development-only studies, 3 model development and external validation studies and 1 external validation-only study. Multiple estimates of performance measures were not available and meta-analysis was therefore not necessary. Eleven out of the 12 included studies were assessed as being at high overall risk of bias and none examined clinical utility.ConclusionsDue to high risk of bias of the included studies, poor predictive performance and limited external validation of the models identified, presently available clinical prediction models for relapse and recurrence of depression are not yet sufficiently developed for deploying in clinical settings. There is a need for improved prognosis research in this clinical area and future studies should conform to best practice methodological and reporting guidelines.
Impact of COVID-19 on Hematology-Oncology Fellowship Programs: A Quantitative and Qualitative Survey Assessment of Fellowship Program Directors
Authors: Velazquez Ana I. , Durani Urshila , Weeks Lachelle D. , Major Ajay , Reynolds Robby , Kumbamu Ashok , Das Devika G. , Murphy Martina C. , Henry Elizabeth , Lee Alfred I. , Marshall Ariela L. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented challenges in medical training, and we sought to assess the specific impact of COVID-19 on hematology-oncology (HO) fellowship programs. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional anonymous online survey of 103 HO program directors (PDs) in conjunction with the American Society of Hematology (ASH) and ASCO. We sought to assess the specific impact of COVID-19 on HO fellowship programs' clinical, educational, and research activities, evaluate perceptions regarding PD and trainee emotional and mental health, and identify ways to support programs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, parametric and nonparametric tests, and multivariable logistic regression models. Responses to open-ended questions were analyzed with thematic analysis. RESULTS: Significant changes to fellowship activities included transitioning fellow training from outpatient clinics to telehealth (77.7%), shifting to virtual education (94.2%), and moving to remote research work (63.1%). A minority (21.4%) of PDs reported that their fellows were redeployed to cover non-HO services. Most PDs (54.4%) believed COVID-19 had a slight negative impact on fellowship training. PD self-reported burnout increased significantly from 15.5% prepandemic to 44.7% during the pandemic, and most PDs witnessed minor signs of fellow burnout (52.4%). Common PD concerns included inadequate supervision for telehealth activities, reduced opportunities for fellow advancement and promotion, lack of professional development activities, limited research operations and funding, program financial constraints, and virtual recruitment. CONCLUSION: We encourage institutions and national societies to allocate resources and develop programs that can support fellowships and mitigate the potential negative effects of COVID-19 on trainee and PD career development.
Dynamic body acceleration as a proxy to predict the cost of locomotion in bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Allen Austin S. , Read Andrew J. , Shorter K. Alex , Gabaldon Joaquin , Blawas Ashley M. , Rocho-Levine Julie , Fahlman Andreas 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Estimates of the energetic costs of locomotion (COL) at different activity levels are necessary to answer fundamental eco-physiological questions and to understand the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance to marine mammals. We combined estimates of energetic costs derived from breath-by-breath respirometry with measurements of overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) from biologging tags to validate ODBA as a proxy for COL in trained common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR); mean individual RMR was 0.71–1.42 times that of a similarly sized terrestrial mammal and agreed with past measurements that used breath-by-breath and flow-through respirometry. We also measured energy expenditure during submerged swim trials, at primarily moderate exercise levels. We subtracted RMR to obtain COL, and normalized COL by body size to incorporate individual swimming efficiencies. We found both mass-specific energy expenditure and mass-specific COL were linearly related with ODBA. Measurements of activity level and cost of transport (the energy required to move a given distance) improve understanding of the COL in marine mammals. The strength of the correlation between ODBA and COL varied among individuals, but the overall relationship can be used at a broad scale to estimate the energetic costs of disturbance and daily locomotion costs to build energy budgets, and investigate the costs of diving in free-ranging animals where bio-logging data are available. We propose that a similar approach could be applied to other cetacean species.
An insect antifreeze protein fromAnatolica politaenhances the cryoprotection ofXenopus laeviseggs and embryos
Authors: Jevtić Predrag , Elliott K. Wade , Watkins Shelby E. , Sreter Jonathan A. , Jovic Katarina , Lehner Ian B. , Baures Paul W. , Tsavalas John G. , Levy Daniel L. , Varga Krisztina 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTCryoprotection is of interest in many fields of research, necessitating a greater understanding of different cryoprotective agents. Antifreeze proteins have been identified that have the ability to confer cryoprotection in certain organisms. Antifreeze proteins are an evolutionary adaptation that contributes to the freeze resistance of certain fish, insects, bacteria and plants. These proteins adsorb to an ice crystal's surface and restrict its growth within a certain temperature range. We investigated the ability of an antifreeze protein from the desert beetle Anatolica polita, ApAFP752, to confer cryoprotection in the frog Xenopus laevis. Xenopus laevis eggs and embryos microinjected with ApAFP752 exhibited reduced damage and increased survival after a freeze–thaw cycle in a concentration-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that ApAFP752 localizes to the plasma membrane in eggs and embryonic blastomeres and is not toxic for early development. These studies show the potential of an insect antifreeze protein to confer cryoprotection in amphibian eggs and embryos.
Luminescent Eu(III)-based Coordination Polymers for Photonic Materials
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuchika , Shoji Sunao , Kitagawa Yuichi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Eu(III) coordination polymers show red luminescence based on the 4f-4f transitions. The emission spectra are observed by excitation at a π–π* transition band of organic ligands in coordination polymers. The characteristic luminescence is dependent on their coordination geometry, vibrational structures and energy levels of organic ligands. In this review, their photophysical properties are introduced for future photonic materials.
Isolation and Structure Analysis of a Ni(II) Norcorrole Radical Anion
Authors: Ukai Shusaku , Fukui Norihito , Ikeue Takahisa , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A radical anion of Ni(II) meso-dimesitylnorcorrole was prepared and isolated upon chemical reduction of the corresponding neutral species with cobaltocene (CoIICp2). The radical anion was substantially stable under degassed solution conditions. X-ray crystal analysis of the radical anion revealed that the structural change by one-electron reduction is marginal. DFT calculations demonstrated that the reorganization energy of Ni(II) norcorrole upon one-electron reduction is smaller than those of Zn(II) porphyrin and C60 fullerenes.
Review of the research programme on the Mortella III wreck (2010-2020, Corsica, France): A contribution to the knowledge of the Mediterranean naval architecture and material culture of the Renaissance.
Authors: Cazenave de la Roche Arnaud , Ciacchella Fabrizio , Langenegger Fabien , Guérout Max , Milanese Marco , Crespo Solana Ana 
Published: January 2022

The Mortella wrecks are the remains of twonavi, Genoese seagoing merchant ships, sunk in 1527 in the Bay of Saint-Florent (Upper-Corsica, France) during the Seventh Italian War. A programme of archaeological excavations and historical research has been held on one of them, Mortella III, between 2010 and 2020. It has involved a multidisciplinary team around a European research project calledModernShip(Horizon 2020), whose objective is to shed light on Mediterranean shipbuilding during the Renaissance, a field still little known to this day.At the end of these 10 years, the aim of the present article is to conclude this research programme with the presentation of a scientific review that complements a recently published monograph on theMortella IIIwreck. This study presents the latest results on the ship's architecture obtained during the excavation of the wreck in 2019, including a study of the wood of the framework.Finally, this article broadens our understanding of thenavepresenting the results of a collaborative line of research on material culture with three studies in close connection with the ship architecture: artillery, anchors and ceramics.
Valuation of copyrights to audiovisual works: transparency practices of the copyright management organizations in the European Union
Authors: Kossecki Paweł , Akin Oguzhan 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The functioning of the audiovisual sector strongly depends on the use of copyrights and related rights. Problems with their clearing could harm the functioning of companies and might even lead to strong financial problems. The distribution of copyright-protected audiovisual works requires the licensing of rights by different rightsholders. Some of them are represented by Copyright Management Organizations (CMOs), which allow users to clear rights for many works without individual negotiations. Fees paid to CMOs for copyright-protected content constitute a significant part of operating costs for companies like TV stations, cable operators, VoD (Video on Demand) platforms. In case of intellectual properties for audiovisual works, CMOs make the valuation. They have been facing legal challenges due to subjective valuations as a result of being monopolies in the local market of the represented country and lack of transparency.
Aim: This work explores the transparency of 21 CMOs in 4 EU countries due to their expected to be an integrated market status as the result of political and economic amalgamation. In addition to the adoption of The European Union Directive on collective management of copyright and multi-territorial licensing of rights, as part of the EU’s Digital Single Market project, this exploratory research, with comparative analysis of CMOs using the linear ordering methods, explains the necessity of an epagogic approach to creating correct institutions besides directives and laws, such as central observation, an ombudsman for conflict management, or an official body to employ these features in one structure to actively govern the market.
Results: The conducted analysis allowed us to reflect on the importance of transparency and taxonomic mapping of the audiovisual market landscape will be the guideline to flatten the copyright valuation divergence in the EU and eventually will pave the way for fewer disputes and more innovations.
Eastern enlargement: analysis of development processes in the EU15 in the context of creative destruction
Authors: Szczepkowska-Flis Agnieszka , Kozłowska Anna 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: Studies on the impact of the Eastern enlargement on economies of the EU15 indicate that the new member states could not be a significant engine for development processes. However, this does not exclude that the Eastern enlargement and acceding countries could have a significant impact on the mechanisms of the development of the EU15. If we consider Eastern enlargement as a Schumpeterian innovation, its long-term effects should be evident in the way creative destruction affects economic development.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the Eastern enlargement on the economic development of the EU15 in the context of creative destruction. In particular, the aim of the empirical analyzes was to determine whether and to what extent the enlargement of the EU was a factor modifying the impact of creative destruction on the development of “old” members countries, and to identify the role of the new member states in these processes.
Results: Econometric analysis confirmed that creative destruction influenced economic development in the EU15, and that Eastern enlargement was a factor modifying the relationship between creation, destruction, and the rate of change of GDP per capita. The Eastern enlargement has mobilized two opposing forces. The “internal” force resulting from market selection in the EU15, which after 2004 became an active component of creative destruction, contributing however to a lower rate of change in GDP per capita. The “external” force, related to the mechanism of transmission of impulses within the grouping: synergy effects from destruction in new member countries were a catalyst for the development processes of the EU15, and synergy effects from creation were inhibitors for these processes. In the context of our research the “development leaders” can be considered the largest beneficiaries of Eastern enlargement in the EU15.
Better understanding of the labour market using Big Data
Authors: Vankevich Alena , Kalinouskaya Iryna 
Published: January 2022

Motivation: As the result of digitalisation of the economy, the number of Internet users is increasing, which leads to an increase in the number of vacancies posted on online platforms and services. The description of vacancies includes information about skills and competencies, which is the source of additional data for the labour market analysis. This information cannot be received through the analysis of statistical and administrative data. Therefore, it is important: — to learn how to evaluate new information sources, and use the data they generate; — to develop tools that people and organizations will use for finding an employee or a vacant post. The study focuses on the analysis and forecast of labour demand in the context of skills and competencies, which significantly enriches and adds to the information about the labour market and facilitates effective decision-making.
Aim: The main goals of this article are the following: (1) identification of the methodological approaches in the labour market analyses using Big Data; (2) assessment of the labour demand and labour supply in the context of skills and competencies listed in the vacancy description posted on job portals; and (3) determination of the matches (mismatches) between skills and competencies in order to help the companies and individuals get better employment and education. Empirical data used in the research were collected from the description of job vacancies (16 401 vacancies) and CVs (227 215 CVs) from the most popular open job portals in Belarus through the scraping approach and classified according to the ESCO and ISCO codes. Quantitative analysis by the means of artificial intelligence was used in the research.
Results: The study results revealed that the information about the volume and structure of skills and competencies obtained by scraping data from vacancy descriptions and Cvs, which are posted on online portals, allows for more precise diagnostics of labour demand and supply and overcoming of bilateral information asymmetry in the labour market. Based on the analysis, the parameters of scarcity and excess in competencies for individual occupations in the labour market are determined (the level of the correlation ratio between applicants’ competencies and those requested by employers in the context of occupations (four digits according to the ISCO classification) is less 0.8; the deviation of the ranks of competencies listed in CVs and vacancy descriptions according to the ESCO groups of skills/competencies and a sign of revealed deviations). The methodology is developed to set areas for necessary knowledge acquisition (by the analysis of competencies listed in CVs and vacancy descriptions at the 3rd and 4th digit level of ISCED classification) and skills (by the analysis of competencies at the 2nd digit level in ESCO groups). The paper illustrates limitations in using Big Data as an empirical database and explains the measures to eliminate those limitations.
Healthwise, Part 5. Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: January 2022

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of public health in the UK and globally. The UK's death rates and obesity rates are related and many people in the UK experience poor health because they are overweight or obese ( Lobstein, 2021 ; Mohammad et al, 2021 ). Obesity increases the risks of developing type 2 diabetes. People with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at greater risk of developing severe COVID symptoms, of requiring hospital treatment and of poor outcomes and death ( Barron et al, 2020 ). This article, the fifth in a series, examines risk factors for type 2 diabetes and explains how readers can reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Topological Imbert–Fedorov shifts in silicene
Authors: Akbar Ali , Shah Mudasir , Shah Muzamil 
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we study the topological Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shifts of a light beam reflected from a silicene–substrate system in the presence of an externally applied electric field and circularly polarized beam. Silicene is a topological material and due to the strong spin–orbit interaction has a rich phase diagram. Using the famous Kubo formalism, we derive analytical expressions for the longitudinal and transverse Hall conductivities of silicene. By employing angular spectrum analysis, the analytical expression of the spatial IF shift is obtained. We show that electric field/circularly polarized light beam modulated positive and negative spatial beam shifts can be obtained by tuning the angle of incidence near the Brewster angle and the incident photonic energy in the terahertz regime. Furthermore, we also investigate the IF shifts in different topological phases of the silicene by driving the system through distinct topological quantum phase transitions (TQPTs), i.e., from topologically nontrivial to a semi-metallic state and further to a band insulating state by manipulating the interplay between the electric field and circularly polarized light beam. We believe these results are helpful for developing novel optoelectronic, spintronic, and valleytronic devices and may provide a possible technique for probing Berry curvature, topological Chern numbers, and TQPTs by direct optical measurement.