bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGO-Empfehlungen zur operativen Therapie der Axilla nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie: Update 2021
Authors: Friedrich Michael , Kühn Thorsten , Janni Wolfgang , Müller Volkmar , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Jackisch Christian , Krug David , Albert Ute-Susann , Bauerfeind Ingo , Blohmer Jens , Budach Wilfried , Dall Peter , Fallenberg Eva M. , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja , Gerber Bernd , Gluz Oleg , Hanf Volker , Harbeck Nadia , Heil Jörg , Huober Jens , Kreipe Hans-Heinrich , Kümmel Sherko , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , Lux Michael Patrick , Maass Nicolai , Möbus Volker , Mundhenke Christoph , Nitz Ulrike , Park-Simon Tjoung-Won , Reimer Toralf , Rhiem Kerstin , Rody Achim , Schmidt Marcus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schütz Florian , Sinn Hans-Peter , Solbach Christine , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Stickeler Elmar , Thomssen Christoph , Untch Michael , Witzel Isabell , Wöckel Achim , Thill Marc , Ditsch Nina 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungÜber viele Jahrzehnte war die komplette Ausräumung der axillären Lymphknoten im Sinne einer Axilladissektion ein Standardverfahren in der Therapie des Mammakarzinom. Die Zielsetzung lag in der Bestimmung des histologischen Nodalstatus für die Festlegung der adjuvanten Therapie sowie in der Sicherung der lokoregionären Tumorkontrolle. Neben der Diskussion zur Optimierung der Therapiestrategien in der systemischen Behandlung und in der Strahlentherapie fokussieren aktuelle Diskussionen insbesondere auch auf die Verbesserung der chirurgischen Maßnahmen beim Mammakarzinom. Unter Berücksichtigung der zunehmenden Bedeutung der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie erfährt die operative Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms sowohl im Bereich der Brust als auch im Bereich der Achselhöhle einen Wandel. Basierend auf der derzeitigen Datenlage wird die SLNE vor einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie grundsätzlich nicht empfohlen. Demgegenüber wird die operative axilläre Intervention – von der SLNE über die TAD bis zur ALND – nach der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie als Vorgehen der Wahl zum axillären Staging angesehen. Zur Verringerung der Falsch-negativ-Rate des operativen Stagings der Axilla bei pN+CNB vor NACT und ycN0 nach NACT sind Targeted axillary Dissection (TAD), die Entfernung von > 2 SLNs (SLNE, kein ungezieltes axilläres Sampling), die Immunhistochemie zur Detektion von isolierten Tumorzellen oder Mikrometastasen und die Markierung von positiven Lymphknoten vor NACT als Standard anzusehen. In dem aktuellen Update zur operativen axillären Intervention wird auf die Bedeutung von isolierten Tumorzellen und Mikrometastasen nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie und die klinischen Konsequenzen einer mittels SLNE und TAD diagnostizierten Low Volume residual Disease eingegangen und ein Überblick bez. der diesjährigen AGO-Empfehlungen zum operativen Management der Axilla im Rahmen der Primäroperation und im Zusammenhang mit der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie gegeben.
Decarboxylation of Paraconic Acids by a Silver(I) Nitrate/Persulfate Combination: An Entry to β-Nitro- and β-Hydroxy γ-Butyrolactones
Authors: Soorukram Darunee , Phae-nok Supasorn , Kuhakarn Chutima , Leowanawat Pawaret , Reutrakul Vichai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDecarboxylative transformations of paraconic acids, a class of γ-butyrolactones containing a carboxylic acid group at the β-position as their characteristic functionality, by using a combination of AgNO3/K2S2O8 were investigated. The dual function of AgNO3 as an initiator of the decarboxylation process and as a source of nitrogen dioxide radicals that react with aliphatic carboxylic substrates is reported for the first time. Starting from paraconic acids, β-nitro- and β-hydroxy γ-butyrolactones were obtained in good combined yields (41–85%) with moderate selectivity in a one-pot operation. The reactions were completed within an acceptable reaction time (two hours) under mild conditions that were tolerated by the γ-butyrolactone core. This study provides a direct and site-specific entry to β-nitro- and β-hydroxy γ-butyrolactones, which are important precursors in organic transformations.
1,2-Additions on Chiral N-Sulfinylketimines: An Easy Access to Chiral α-Tertiary Amines
Authors: Carret Sebastien , Poisson Jean-François , Berthiol Florian , Achuenu Chukuka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChiral α-tertiary amines, a motif present in α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids, in a wide range of natural products, and many drugs and drug candidates, are important targets in organic chemistry. Among the possible strategies, 1,2-addition to chiral N-sulfinyl­ketimines is one of the best routes to form chiral α-tertiary amines with a high level of stereoselectivity. In this review, we focus first on the addition of organometallic reagents or other nucleophiles as enols or ylides to chiral N-sulfinylketimines. Then secondly we cover a selection of applications of these additions in the synthesis of valuable biologically active compounds.1	Introduction2	1,2-Addition Reaction Methodologies2.1	Organolithium Reagent Additions2.2	Grignard Additions2.3	Organozinc Reagent Additions2.4	Organoindium Reagent Additions2.5	Organoboron Reagent Additions2.6	Strecker Reactions2.7	Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions2.8	Enols, Enolates, and Other Deprotonated Reagent Additions2.9	Ylide Additions2.10	Heteroatom Nucleophiles2.11	Miscellaneous Reactions3	Applications to the Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules4	Conclusions
Effect of Ointments of Sulphur or Pyrogenium on Larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Barros Giuliano Pereira de , Avilés Laura Livia Arias , Hillmann Maria Clara Huschel , Bricarello Patrizia Ana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Ointment-type preparations are a good option of formulation in cases of myiasis in farm and pet animals. Sulphur and Pyrogenium have already shown in-vitro efficacy on C. hominivorax. This article describes an in-vitro experiment to test the inhibition of development from exposing larvae of C. hominivorax to two homeopathic ointments (prepared individually with Sulphur or Pyrogenium).
Methods The homeopathic ointments were produced by mixing sterile lanolin, tocopherol and homeopathic medicine on a hydroalcoholic basis according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Larvae were obtained from naturally occurring myiases in sheep (wild larvae) or from a laboratory colony. The test consisted of exposing a group of 10 third-stage C. hominivorax wild larvae in contact with Sulphur or Pyrogenium ointment, or a group of 15 laboratory-propagated larvae in contact with the alcoholic vehicle of the ointment or homeopathic medicines prepared in sterile water (Sulphur or Pyrogenium), and observing the effect on the development, longevity and fertility of the blow-fly specimens.
Results The C. hominivorax larval inhibition rate was 90.0% for the Sulphur ointment group and was 86.0% for the Pyrogenium ointment group. The non-alcoholic vehicle and the alcoholic vehicle inhibited the development of 24.0% and 22.08% of the larvae respectively. Sulphur prepared in sterile water inhibited the development of 74.67% and Pyrogenium in sterile water inhibited 73.33% of larvae. Specimens that survived contact with homeopathic ointments had their longevity decreased and did not reproduce.
Conclusion Ointments of Sulphur or Pyrogenium were able to inhibit the development of C. hominivorax larvae. The ointment vehicle was harmless.
Posttraumatic Growth and Psychological Distress among Female Breast Cancer Survivors in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thakur Monika , Sharma Roopali , Mishra Anand Kumar , Singh Kulranjan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer survivors (BCS) may experience a cascade of negative reactions during the entire treatment process in the form of psychiatric morbidity. However, exposure to a traumatic event also has the fertile ground for the potential to catalyze a host of positive changes, including development in personal, interpersonal, and spiritual levels, commonly referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG is defined as “positive psychological change experienced due to a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances.”
Objective This study aims to measure the prevalence and correlates of PTG among BCS.
Materials and Methods It was a cross-sectional study carried in a tertiary care center of North India from January 2021 to April 2021. Total 700 BCS were approached and screened using the purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.
Results The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of the patients was 43.14 (8.53) years. The mean (SD) PTG score was 37 (13.66). Among the subdomain of PTG, most respondents showed growth in personal strength, relating to others, followed by an appreciation of life, spiritual change, and less growth in new possibilities. PTG was found to be significantly positively correlated with treatment completion time (r = 2.260, p = 0.02) and negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress (r = –0.152, p = 0.04; r = –0.145, p = 0.05; r = –0.162, p = 0.02).
Conclusion Psychological morbidities must be addressed along with medical treatment of breast cancer so that growth post trauma can be further facilitated.
Cervical Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor in an Adult: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alencar Guilherme dos Santos de , Lucca Maria Eduarda Turczyn De , Mazzo Felipe Antonio Torres , Konozoe Milena Massumi , Jaouhari Eduardo Talib Bacchi , Morais Rodrigo Leite de , Barcelos Carlos Eliseu , Torres Rosângela Stadnick Lauth de Almeida 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are rare neoplasms of the central nervous system that occur in children, with few reports in adults. These tumors are found most often in the cerebral hemispheres, with spinal cord disorders being rare.
Case Report A 71-year-old man with motor and sensory deficits in the upper limbs, cervical pain, and urinary incontinence presented to the Neurosurgery Service. The physical examination revealed grade-III motor strength on the right side, grade IV- on the left upper limb, and grade IV+ on the left lower limb. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed an expansive intramedullary lesion with a C3-C4 epicenter. Spinal decompression, lesional biopsy, and adjuvant radiotherapy were performed. The anatomopathological report showed a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. After a new treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy (20 × 1.8 Gy in the skull and neuroaxis and 5 × 1.8 Gy in tumor boost), the patient progressed without recurrence.
Conclusion Since the characteristics of the tumor are similar to those of medulloblastoma, it is necessary to expand the studies on these lesions, to better understand their pathophysiology and list better diagnostic and therapeutic methods, in addition to those already available.
Increased Complications in Octogenarians Undergoing Same-Day Discharge following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Berger Peter Z. , Gu Alex , Fassihi Safa C. , Stake Seth , Bovonratwet Patawut , Gioia Casey , Palosaari Andrew , Campbell Joshua C. , Thakkar Savyasachi C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSame-day discharge pathways in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are gaining popularity as a means to increase patient satisfaction and reduce overall costs, but these pathways have not been thoroughly evaluated in potentially at-risk populations, such as in patients ≥80 years old. The purpose of this study was to compare 90-day complications and mortality following same-day discharge after primary TKA in patients ≥80 years old and those <80 years old. Patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA, were discharged on postoperative day 0, and had a minimum 90-day follow-up were identified in a national insurance claims database (PearlDiver Technologies) using Current Procedural Terminology code 27447. These patients were stratified into two cohorts based upon age: (1) nonoctogenarians (<80 years old) and (2) octogenarians (≥80 years old). These cohorts were propensity matched based upon sex, Charlson comorbidity index, and obesity status. Univariate analysis was performed to determine differences in 90-day complications and mortality between the two cohorts. In total, 1,111 patients were included in each cohort. Both cohorts were successfully matched, with no observed differences in matched parameters for demographics or comorbidities. There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality between the two cohorts (p = 0.896). However, octogenarians were at significantly increased risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (20.8 vs. 10.4%; p < 0.001), nonatrial fibrillation arrhythmias (8.4 vs. 5.6%; p = 0.009), pneumonia (4.5 vs. 2.2%; p = 0.002), stroke (3.1 vs. 1.7%; p = 0.037), heart failure (10.5 vs. 7.5%; p = 0.012), and urinary tract infection (UTI; 14.3 vs. 9.4%; p < 0.001) compared with the nonoctogenarian cohort. Relative to matched controls, octogenarians were at significantly increased risk of numerous 90-day medical complications following same-day primary TKA, including cardiopulmonary complications, stroke, and UTI. Clinicians should be cognizant of these complications and counsel patients appropriately when electing to perform same-day TKA in the octogenarian population.
Brain Abscess Caused by Eikenella corrodens in an Immunocompetent Child: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Karaaslan Ayse , Çetin Ceren , Altıntaş Alara , Süslü Hikmet Turan , Akin Yasemin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective Eikenella corrodens is a slow-growing, fastidious, non-motile, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacillus that is commonly found in the human oropharynx. Although many cases have been reported in the adult population, only few cases of brain abscesses caused by E.corrodens have been reported in children so far.
Methods Here, we reported the case of a 29-month-old female with complaints of weakness in the right leg twice in the past 3 weeks. Imaging studies revealed a brain abscess in the left parietofrontal lobe. The patient underwent surgery for abscess drainage, microbiological samples were obtained and empirical antibiotic treatment was started. Abscess culture showed the growth of E.corrodens. The bacteria were found to be sensitive to ceftriaxone; hence, the therapy was continued for 46 days with ceftriaxone. A final computed tomography showed the resolution of the abscess. The patient's clinical condition improved and she was discharged without any sequelae.
Conclusion Brain abscess should be considered when patients present with neurological deficits. As far as we know, there are only six reported cases of brain abscesses only due to E.corrodens in the pediatric population. Since it is a slow-growing pathogen, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient survival. This case supports the combination of surgical drainage and antibiotics for treatment.
CD24+ MDSC-DCs Induced by CCL5-Deficiency Showed Improved Antitumor Activity as Tumor Vaccines
Authors: Huang Lei , Ding Zequn , Zhang Yan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Dendritic cell (DC) tumor vaccine has been extensively utilized in preclinical and clinical studies; however, this technique has encountered many difficulties, particularly in late-stage tumor patients. For those, ex vivo-induced DCs are actuallymyeloid-derived suppressive cells-derived DCs (MDSC-DCs). MDSCs with immunosuppressive activity, but not monocytes, became the major DC precursor. Thus, how to enhance antitumor activity of MDSC-DCs is urgent need to address.
Methods We utilized 4T1 and MC38 tumor-bearing both wildtype and CC chemokine ligand 5−/− (CCL5−/−) mice as animal models. MDSC-DCs were induced from splenocytes of these mice by granulocyte macrophage–colony stimulating factor/interleukin-4 with or without all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in vitro for 7 days, then incubated with tumor-cell-lysis to treat mouse models for total three doses. For human MDSC-DCs, peripheral bloods from colorectal cancer patients were induced in vitro as murine cells with or without T- lymphocytes depletion to get rid of CCL5.
Results Flow cytometry analysis showed that MDSCs from CCL5
−/− mice could be induced into a new type of CD24+ MDSC-DCs in the presence of ATRA, which had more antitumor activity than control. Antibody blocking and adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that downregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediated the inhibition of CD24+ MDSC-DCs on tumor growth. Mechanically, CD24+ MDSC-DCs inhibited Tregs' polarization by secreting cytokine or coactivators' expression. What's important, decreasing CCL5 protein levels by T- lymphocytes depletion during both murine and human MDSC-DCs in vitro induction could also acquire CD24+ MDSC-DCs.
Conclusion Knockdown of CCL5 protein during MDSC-DCs culture might provide a promising method to acquire DC-based tumor vaccines with high antitumor activity.
Mid-Term Outcomes of a Hybrid Approach Involving Open Surgery Plus TEVAR of the Descending Aorta in the Treatment of Complex Type A Dissection
Authors: Li J. , Stadlbauer A. , Terrazas A. , Floerchinger B. , Pfister K. , Creutzenberg M. , Oikonomou K. , Schmid C. , Rupprecht L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectives Type A aortic dissection with true lumen collapse and malperfusion downstream is associated with a devastating prognosis. This study compares the clinical outcomes of two operative strategies for this disease: hybrid approach of ascending aorta (and hemiarch replacement) supplemented with retrograde stenting of the descending aorta (thoracic endovascular aortic repair [TEVAR]) and standard ascending aorta (and hemiarch) replacement without stent placement.Methods From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019, 81 patients with type A aortic dissection were studied. The hybrid technique was applied in 30 patients (group 1), while 51 patients received standard surgical repair (group 2). Patient demographics, clinical and operative findings, postoperative outcome, follow-up interventions, and mid-term survival were analyzed.Results Baseline characteristics were similar among the groups, except that more preoperative malperfusion was evident in group 1. The postoperative incidence of visceral malperfusion (0 vs. 15.7%, p = 0.02) and low cardiac output syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (3.3 vs. 19.6%, p = 0.04) was significantly less in group 1. In-hospital mortality was also significantly lower in group 1 as in group 2 (13.3 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.04). At follow-up, the need for secondary endovascular stenting (3.3 vs. 7.8%, p = 0.65) and surgical aortic reintervention (6.7 vs. 2.0%, p = 0.55) was comparable. One-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 83.3, 83.3, and 62.5% in group 1, and 58.7, 58.7, and 52.6% in group 2 (p = 0.05), respectively.Conclusion The combination of open surgical replacement of the ascending aorta (and hemiarch) with TEVAR of the descending aorta for true lumen compromise is a feasible treatment option for patients with type A aortic dissection and is associated with a better perioperative outcome and improved mid-term survival rate.
Holohemispheric Prostate Carcinoma Dural Metastasis Mimicking Subdural Hematoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sukumaran Madhav , Mao Qinwen , Cantrell Donald R. , Jahromi Babak S. , Potts Matthew B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProstate carcinomas are the most common malignancy to metastasize to the dura. These metastases can commonly mimic subdural hematomas and may similarly present with brain compression. The optimal management and outcomes after surgical management are not well characterized. We present a case of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the dura that was initially thought to be a large isodense subdural hematoma and was treated with surgical decompression. We also review the literature regarding prostate dural metastases mimicking subdural hematomas and discuss the relevant imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes. Dural metastasis should be considered when a patient with known metastatic prostate cancer presents with imaging evidence of a subdural mass.
Nicotine Dependence and Incident Hip Replacement Surgery in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, TRINET-X, 2021
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Gaydos Melissa Suann , Cochran Jill , Morgan Susan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to examine the association between nicotine dependence (yes, no) and hip replacement (yes, no) among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data were obtained through the TRINET-X data depository of 18 years or older patients with T2DM and nicotine dependence history. Then, the incidence of hip replacement surgery was determined. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to determine the risk of hip replacement surgery. After PSM, the risk ratio of hip replacement surgery among people with T2DM was 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.45, 1.57; p < 0.0001) for those who had nicotine dependence versus those who did not. Nicotine dependence among people with T2DM was identified as a risk factor for future hip replacement need. Patients who have nicotine dependence should be cautioned about this potential risk.
Childhood-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Patients Benefited from Thymectomy in a Long-Term Follow-up Observation
Authors: Zhang Qing , Cao Yayun , Bi Zhuajin , Ma Xue , Yang Mengge , Gao Huajie , Gui Mengcui , Bu Bitao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction The effect of thymectomy on the treatment of childhood-onset myasthenia gravis (CMG) remains debatable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and relevant prognostic factors of thymectomy for CMG patients.
Materials and Methods A total of 32 CMG patients who underwent thymectomy before 18 years of age were included in this retrospective study. Clinical state following thymectomy was assessed by quantified myasthenia gravis (QMG) scores, myasthenia gravis–related activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scores, and Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America postintervention status. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined the changes in postoperative scores during the 5-year follow-up. Univariate logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with short-term (1-year postoperation) and long-term (5-year postoperation) clinical outcomes.
Results Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that QMG scores (F = 6.737, p < 0.001) and MG-ADL scores (F = 7.923, p < 0.001) decreased gradually with time. Preoperative duration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–1.00, p = 0.043), gender (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04–0.94, p = 0.041), and MG subgroup (OR = 13.33, 95% CI: 1.43–123.99, p = 0.023) were predictors for 1-year postoperative prognosis. Shorter disease duration (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.97, p = 0.018) and generalized CMG (OR = 6.11, 95% CI: 1.06–35.35, p = 0.043) were found to have more favorable long-term results.
Conclusion Our results suggest that thymectomy is effective in treating CMG. Thymectomy could be recommended for CMG patients, especially for patients in the early course of GMG.