bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive functional control for challenging dynamic processes using a simple prestabilization strategy
Authors: Aftab Muhammad Saleheen , Rossiter John Anthony 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPredictive functional control (PFC) is a straightforward and cheap model‐based technique for systematic control of well‐damped open‐loop processes. Nevertheless, its oversimplified design characteristics are often the cause of diminished efficacy in more challenging applications; processes involving lightly damped and/or unstable dynamics have been particularly difficult to control with PFC. This paper presents a more sustainable solution for such applications by integrating the concept of prestabilization within the predictive functional control formulation. This is essentially a two‐stage synthesis wherein the undesirable open‐loop dynamics are first compensated, using a well‐understood classical approach such as proportional integral derivative (PID), before implementing predictive control in a cascade structure. The proposal, although comes with significant implications for tuning and constraint handling, is, nonetheless, straightforward and provides improved closed‐loop control in the presence of external perturbations compared to the standard PFC and the PID algorithms, as demonstrated with two industrial case studies.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines by C(sp3)−H Bromination
Authors: Han Min , Zhang Shi‐qi , Cui Xin , Wang Qi‐wei , Li Guang‐xun , Tang Zhuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDescribed herein is the enantioselective synthesis of Hantzsch‐type 1,4‐dihydropyridines (DHPs), which are frequently contained in pharmaceuticals. Readily available symmetrical 1,4‐DHPs were used as substrates, and the methyl group at the 2‐ or 6‐position of the 1,4‐DHP was selectively monobrominated by desymmetrizing enantioselective bromination. The inert C−H bond was converted into a versatile C−Br bond, which guaranteed the modification of the chiral 1,4‐DHP derivatives with high efficiency. Furthermore, axially chiral 4‐aryl pyridines were accessible by central‐to‐axial chirality conversion.
Diagnosing gastrointestinal stromal tumors: The utility of fine‐needle aspiration cytology versus biopsy
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Renberg Sara , Papakonstantinou Andri , Haglund de Flon Felix 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are mesenchymal tumors in the intestinal tract originating from a precursor to the interstitial cells of Cajal, which plays a role in gastric motility. The preoperative diagnosis of GIST may be very important for the surgical approach or the need for neoadjuvant treatment and is often done in conjunction with molecular testing.DesignGISTs diagnosed in Stockholm between 1999 and 2019 with biopsy and/or fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) material were included. Clinical and tumor characteristics, as well as sample representability, ancillary techniques, diagnostic accuracy, and time to diagnosis, were categorized and compared.ResultsWe identified 460 diagnostic samples from 347 patients, consisting of 212 biopsies and 248 FNAs. FNA cytology had a significantly (p < 0.05) better sample representability (92% vs. 77%), diagnostic accuracy (84% vs. 76%), and shorter time to diagnosis (4.5 vs. 12.3 days on average) in comparison with biopsies. In addition, ancillary techniques such as immunochemistry and molecular analysis for KIT and PDGFRA mutations could satisfactorily be performed on FNA materials.ConclusionsThere are advantages to both biopsy and FNA cytology in diagnosing GISTs. While the significantly shorter time to diagnosis for FNA cytology can be due to institutional differences, its many strengths make it both an accurate and time‐efficient method for preoperative diagnosis of GIST.
Dual drug targeting to kill colon cancers
Authors: Corona Silvia Paola , Walker Francesca , Weinstock Janet , Lessene Guillaume , Faux Maree , Burgess Antony W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is driven by a small set of oncogenic and tumour suppressor mutations. However, different combinations of mutations often lead to poor tumour responses to individual anticancer drugs. We have investigated the antiproliferative and in vitro cytotoxic activity of pair‐wise combinations of inhibitors which target specific signalling pathways in colon cancer cells.ObjectivesTo target specific signaling pathways pairwise with inhibitors in order to kill colon cancer cells.MethodsThe effects of different concentrations of two inhibitors on the proliferation and viability of colon cancer cell lines were measured using cell titre glow and cytotoxic assays in 2D and 3D cell micro‐cultures. One successful drug combination was used to treat a colon cancer cell line growing as a xenograft in nude mice.ResultsColon cancer cells in non‐adherent cultures were killed more effectively by combinations of pyrvinium pamoate (a Wnt pathway inhibitor) and ABT263 (a pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family inhibitor) or Ly29004 (a PI3kinase inhibitor). However, in a mouse xenograft model, the formulation and toxicity of the ABT737/PP combination prevent the use of these drugs for treatment of tumours. Fortunately, oral analogues of PP (pyrvinium phosphate, PPh) and ABT737(ABT263) have equivalent activity and can be used for treatment of mice carrying SW620 colorectal cancer xenografts. The PPh/ABT263 induced SW620 tumour cell apoptosis and reduced the rate of SW620 tumour growth.ConclusionBy combining a Wnt signaling inhibitor (pyrvinium phosphate) and a pro‐survival inhibitor (ABT263) colon cancer cells can be killed. Combinations of Wnt signalling inhibitors with an inhibitor of the Bcl pro‐survival protein family should be considered for the treatment of patients with precancerous colon adenomas or advanced colorectal cancers with APC mutations.
γ‐Resorcyclic Acid‐Based AIEgens for Illuminating Endoplasmic Reticulum**
Authors: Ingle Jaypalsing , Dedaniya Hiren , Mayya Chaithra , Mondal Anirban , Bhatia Dhiraj , Basu Sudipta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as one of the interesting sub‐cellular organelles due to its role in myriads of biological phenomena. Subsequently, visualization of the structure‐function and dynamics of ER remained a major challenge to understand its involvement in different diseased states including cancer. To illuminate the ER, herein we have designed and synthesized γ‐resorcyclic acid‐based small molecules, which showed remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property in water. This AIE property was originated from the dual intramolecular H‐bonding leading to the self‐assembled 2D aggregation confirmed by pH‐ and temperature‐dependent fluorescence quenching studies as well as scanning electron microscopy. These small molecules illuminated the sub‐cellular ER in HeLa cervical cancer cells as well as non‐cancerous RPE‐1 human retinal epithelial cells within 1 h. These novel small molecules have the potential to light up ER chemical biology in diseased states.
Systematic Exploration of Furoindolizine‐Based Molecular Frameworks towards a Versatile Fluorescent Platform
Authors: Lee Youngjun , Kim Dahham , Park Seung Bum 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe photophysical behaviors of fluorescent molecules largely determine their major utility in biological studies. Despite their well‐defined characteristics, classical fluorophores have often been challenged by their limited synthetic methodology and tunability in adjusting intrinsic optical properties. A novel heterocyclic core equipped with modular functional groups could offer the flexibility to control its photophysical properties with a minimum synthetic effort. By conducting a systematic analysis guided by quantum calculations, we proposed the furoindolizine‐based molecular framework as a unique fluorescent platform capable of providing versatile photophysical properties with minimal structural modification. A broad tunability of furoindolizine derivatives′ photophysical properties such as emission wavelength, Stokes shift, fluorescent brightness, and charge transfer characteristics was achieved through synergistic interaction between two functional moieties. Furthermore, this modular platform led to live‐cell imaging probes with two distinct optical features simply by reorganizing a pair of functional moieties.
Chiral C2‐symmetric bis‐thioureas as enzyme mimics in enantioselective Michael addition
Authors: Cruz Harold , Servín Felipe A. , Aguirre Gerardo , Pérez Sergio , Madrigal Domingo , Chávez Daniel , Cooksy Andrew L. , Somanathan Ratnasamy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis and application of enantiopure C2‐symmetric primary amine‐1,3‐bis‐thiourea organocatalysts in enantioselective conjugate 1,4‐Michael addition of carbonyl containing nucleophiles, to nitroalkenes and N‐phenylmaleimide, leading to final products in good enantioselectivities (up to 99%) and yields (up to 99%). We propose supramolecular noncovalent interactions within the organocatalyst's cleft between the substrate and the catalyst, via hydrogen bonding. Supramolecular interaction thus lowers the transition state energy mimicking an enzyme. Mechanism underlying our experimental results is supported by theorical calculations.
Clinical usefulness of geriatric assessment in elderly patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib or lenvatinib therapy
Authors: Sekiguchi Shuhei , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yasui Yutaka , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Hayakawa Yuka , Osawa Leona , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Tamaki Nobuharu , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Asahina Yasuhiro , Okamoto Ryuichi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic strategies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC) in geriatric patients are important for real‐world practice. However, there remain no established biomarkers or therapeutic strategies regarding the best second‐line agent after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy.AimIn this study, we investigated the usefulness of modified Geriatric 8 (mG8) score in examining elderly patients (≥75 years old) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC) using sorafenib or lenvatinib as first‐line therapy.Methods and resultsThis study assessed 101 elderly patients with u‐HCC for their mG8 score (excluding elements of age from 8 items) and classified them into 2 groups according to their mG8 score: ≥11 as the high‐score group and ≤ 10 as the low‐score group. Among those taking sorafenib, no significant differences were noted in overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) between low and high mG8 score groups. Only modified albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade (2b/3 vs. 1/2a: HR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17–0.69; p = .0029) was significantly associated with OS. Among those taking lenvatinib, patients with a high mG8 score (n = 26) had longer survival than those with a low mG8 score (n = 10) (20.0 months vs. 7.7 months: HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11–0.89; p = .029). Intrahepatic tumor volume (<50% vs. ≥50%: HR 16.7; 95% CI, 1.71–163; p = .016) and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) (<400 vs. ≥400: HR 3.38; 95% CI 0.84–19.7; p = .031) remained significant factors independently associated with OS.ConclusionsThe mG8 score may contribute to making a decision when considering either sorafenib or lenvatinib as a treatment option for u‐HCC in elderly patients.
Developmental timing of extreme temperature events (heat waves) disrupts host–parasitoid interactions
Authors: Moore Megan Elizabeth , Hill Christina A. , Kingsolver Joel G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

When thermal tolerances differ between interacting species, extreme temperature events (heat waves) will alter the ecological outcomes. The parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata suffers high mortality when reared throughout development at temperatures that are nonstressful for its host, Manduca sexta. However, the effects of short‐term heat stress during parasitoid development are unknown in this host–parasitoid system.

Here, we investigate how duration of exposure, daily maximum temperature, and the developmental timing of heat waves impact the performance of C. congregata and its host¸ M. sexta. We find that the developmental timing of short‐term heat waves strongly determines parasitoid and host outcomes.

Heat waves during parasitoid embryonic development resulted in complete wasp mortality and the production of giant, long‐lived hosts. Heat waves during the 1st‐instar had little effect on wasp success, whereas heat waves during the parasitoid's nutritionally and hormonally critical 2nd instar greatly reduced wasp emergence and eclosion. The temperature and duration of heat waves experienced early in development determined what proportion of hosts had complete parasitoid mortality and abnormal phenotypes.

Our results suggest that the timing of extreme temperature events will be crucial to determining the ecological impacts on this host–parasitoid system. Discrepancies in thermal tolerance between interacting species and across development will have important ramifications on ecosystem responses to climate change.
Metagenomic clustering reveals microbial contamination as an essential consideration in ultraconserved element design for phylogenomics with insect museum specimens
Authors: Van Dam Alex R. , Covas Orizondo Javier O. , Lam Athena W. , McKenna Duane D. , Van Dam Matthew H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhylogenomics via ultraconserved elements (UCEs) has led to improved phylogenetic reconstructions across the tree of life. However, inadvertently incorporating non‐targeted DNA into the UCE marker design will lead to misinformation being incorporated into subsequent analyses. To date, the effectiveness of basic metagenomic filtering strategies has not been assessed in arthropods. Designing markers from museum specimens requires careful consideration of methods due to the high levels of microbial contamination typically found in such specimens. We investigate if contaminant sequences are carried forward into a UCE marker set we developed from insect museum specimens using a standard bioinformatics pipeline. We find that the methods currently employed by most researchers do not exclude contamination from the final set of targets. Lastly, we highlight several paths forward for reducing contamination in UCE marker design.
Enhanced potential of a Selenastrum capricornutum mutant for CO2 fixation and biofuels production
Authors: Shang Zhenxiao , Qi Feng , Mu Ruimin , Ren Ying , Ma Guixia , Yin Mingshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent need to screen candidates for CO2 fixation and biofuels production from more taxonomic species. A Selenastrum capricornutum mutant, whose wild types were not considered as candidates for CO2 fixation and biofuels production, with genetic stability under high‐level CO2, here, was screened by 96‐well microplates‐UV mutagenesis and named as SDEC‐2M. To evaluate the potential for CO2 fixation and biofuels production, SDEC‐2M was cultivated under air and 15% CO2 (v/v), and its wild type (WT) as control. SDEC‐2M got better growth performance under high‐level CO2. It implies that SDEC‐2M had high tolerance under high‐level CO2. Under high‐level CO2, not only that, SDEC‐2M tended to synthesize energy storage compounds than its wild type, with a total carbohydrate content of up to 37.45%. Meanwhile, the highest overall biomass productivities were obtained in SDEC‐2M under 15% CO2. Benefiting from these results, the highest productivities of carbohydrate, lipid and protein were obtained, among which carbohydrate productivity of 11.22 mg L−1 d−1 was highest. Based on higher light conversion efficiency (14.81%) and maximal PSII quantum yields (70.14%), the highest photosynthetic efficiency of SDEC‐2M was also evaluated under 15% CO2. Compared with Selenastrum wild types, the mutant SDEC‐2M with excellent CO2 tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency is better. The results provided a new idea for further enriching the energy microalgal pool.
Hsa_circRNA_0017620 regulated cell progression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer via miR‐520a‐5p/KRT5 axis
Authors: Chen Shan , Hong Kelin , Zhou Long , Ran Ruizhi , Huang Jinqi , Zheng Yong , Xing Maohui , Cai Yanli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircRNA is a very important functional RNA that plays an important role in the development and metabolism of cancer. However, the study of circRNA in NSCLC has not been fully elucidated.MethodsThe expression of hsa_circ_0017620, SFMBT2, miR‐520a‐5p, and KRT5 was determined using qRT‐PCR. KRT5, Twist1, E‐cadherin, and Ki67 protein expression were measured with western blot. The positive expression rates of Ki67 and Vimentin were determined by immunohistochemistry assay. 5‐Ethynyl‐2’‐deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, and MTT assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Transwell migration and invasion assay were applied to determine cell migration and invasion. Dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to verify the relationship among hsa_circ_0017620, miR‐520a‐5p, and KRT5. The animal experiment was used to ensure the effects of hsa_circ_0017620 on tumor growth in vivo.ResultsHsa_circ_0017620 was upregulated in NSCLC cells and tissues. MiR‐520a‐5p had been verified to be a target miRNA of hsa_circ_0017620 and KRT5 had been verified to be a target mRNA of miR‐520a‐5p in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0017620 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in NSCLC cells, which was reversed by downregulating miR‐520a‐5p or upregulating KRT5 in NSCLC. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0017620 had opposite effects in NSCLC. Moreover, hsa_circ_0017620 silencing inhibited tumor growth in vivo of NSCLC.ConclusionIn this study, we found that hsa_circ_0017620 played an important role in NSCLC progression. Hsa_circ_0017620 regulated cell proliferation, invasion, and migration through targeting miR‐520a‐5p/KRT5 axis in NSCLC, providing a potential new target for the treatment and diagnosis of NSCLC.
Current Understanding and Future Perspectives on Hyperprogressive Disease Highlight the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Li Meiqi , Zhong Xianmei , Du Fukuan , Wu Xu , Li Mingxing , Chen Yu , Zhao Yueshui , Shen Jing , Yang Zhongming , Xiao Zhangang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized traditional cancer therapy. Although many patients have achieved long‐term survival benefits from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, there are still some patients who develop rapid tumor progression after immunotherapy, known as HPD. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on HPD after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors to promote a more thorough understanding of the disease. This review focuses on multiple aspects of HPD, especially the tumor microenvironment, with the hope that more reliable biomarkers and therapeutics will be established for HPD in the future.
Mucuna pruriens, Crotalaria juncea, and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) have the potential for improving productivity of banana‐based systems in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Blomme Guy , Ntamwira Jules , Ocimati Walter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntercropping banana and shorter annual crops in small holder systems is inevitable despite shade being a limitation. Current production is also limited to the wet seasons. Strategies to exploit the spaces under banana shade and drier seasons are crucial for optimal production of these systems. We determined the performance of two legume cover crops, Mucuna pruriens and Crotalaria juncea, and chickpea (Cicer arietinum), a grain legume, under different banana shade levels and over the wet and dry seasons in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Banana and legume monocrops served as controls. Shade reduced weed biomass and legume root nodulation, biomass, and grain yields. Chickpea root nodulation had a lower sensitivity to shade (3–9% reduction) compared with mucuna (30–60%) and crotalaria (31–71%). Legume biomass yield declines varied from 37–83%, 56–93%, and 80–98% for mucuna, crotalaria, and chickpea, respectively. Higher nodulation occurred in the rainy compared with the dry season. Biomass yield declines, albeit low occurred in the dry season for mucuna (15%) and crotalaria (30%). In contrast, chickpea biomass and grain yields increased by 394% and 4487%, respectively, in the dry season. A higher banana vegetative growth occurred in the intercropped plots. Land equivalent ratios of 1.15–1.34 under dense shading for mucuna and crotalaria and 1.10–1.62 for chickpea occurred irrespective of the seasons. These findings suggest that these cover crops and chickpea could be exploited to enhance biomass (for fodder, mulch, or manure) and grain yields under banana shade and over the drier seasons.
Bayley‐4 performance of very young children with autism, developmental delay, and language impairment
Authors: Dale Brittany A. , Caemmerer Jacqueline M. , Winter Emily L. , Kaufman Alan S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) provides the best opportunity for children to receive evidence‐based early intervention. Research indicates that accurate diagnosis can be made as early as the toddler period when an assessment is completed by experienced clinicians. Typical ASD evaluations involve an assessment of developmental skills, such as those measured with theBayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition.There is limited research, however, on the use of the newest iteration, the Bayley‐4, in discriminating between various developmental disorders and delays. This study compared the performance of three groups of toddlers on the Bayley‐4: (1) ASD (n = 31), (2) developmental delay (n = 26) and (3) problems specific to language (n = 45). Results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated mean differences existed between the ASD and language groups on the five Bayley‐4 subtests that comprise the Cognitive Motor, and Language Scales; however, logistic regression analysis indicated group membership could not be predicted by performance on the subtests. Our findings suggest children who are identified with ASD at a very young age exhibit global developmental deficits, which may help distinguish them from other groups who exhibit more targeted delays.
Controlled release systems based on polyacrylates and polyacrylates/clay nanocomposites of atenolol drug
Authors: Akelah Ahmed , Rehab Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAtenolol‐polyacrylate and intercalated atenolol‐polyacrylate onto montmorillonite clay was synthesized as drug delivery systems. The synthesis was carried out by free radical homo and copolymerization of acrylate drug (atenolol) monomer with different co‐monomers. The intercalation of polymeric drug systems onto montmorillonite clay was achieved through ion exchange process. The characterization of the prepared systems was investigated by different analytical techniques. The release studies of drug (atenolol) were studied over a long time in aqueous mediums at conditions nearly present in human body.
A novel robust fault estimation observer design for semi‐Markovian jump systems with partially bounded transition rate
Authors: Li Xiaohang , Zhang Weidong , Lu Dunke , Yang Guangping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the simultaneous fault estimation for a class of semi‐Markovian jump system with partially bounded known transition rates. A new variable is introduced with a dependence on output information, and then two robust variable‐based observers are designed to gauge the actuator fault and sensor fault concurrently. Significantly, the problem for partially bounded known transition rates is solved by virtue of mathematic techniques. In this way, the existing conditions of the designed observers are given in terms of linear matrix inequality. Furthermore, two examples are implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.