bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thicker polyethylene inserts (≥ 13 mm) increase the risk for early failure after primary cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA): a single-centre study of 7643 TKAs
Authors: Rajamäki Anni , Niemeläinen Mika , Junnila Mika , Lehtovirta Lari , Karsikas Mari , Ponkilainen Ville , Eskelinen Antti 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates whether thicker (PE) inserts lead to a greater risk for revision after TKA. The differences between the TKA designs of three manufacturers (NexGen, PFC Sigma, Triathlon) are also compared.

Methods
A total of 7643 primary TKA surgeries were included. PE inserts were divided into two groups—“thick PE inserts” with a thickness of 13 mm (mm) or more and “standard PE inserts” with a thickness of less than 13 mm. Three cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA designs (NexGen, PFC Sigma, Triathlon) were included in the study. The differences in failure rates between groups were investigated using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression model with hazard ratios (HR). Failure rates were investigated short-term (< 2 years) and long-term (the whole follow-up period). The TKA designs were analysed both together and separately.

Results
During the whole follow-up period, there were 184 (2.4%) aseptic revisions. The thick PE insert group showed an increased risk for revision compared to the standard PE insert group in both short-term (< 2 years; HR 2.0, CI 1.3 to 3.2) and long term (> 2 years; HR 1.6, CI 1.1 to 2.3) follow-up. The highest revision rate was observed in patients who received the Triathlon TKA with a thicker PE insert (HR 2.6, CI 1.2 to 5.7).

Conclusion
The results indicate that thicker PE inserts are associated with increased risk for revision in primary TKA. Further research is required to ascertain whether more conformed PE inserts or constrained knee designs instead of thick CR inserts will ultimately lead to better clinical outcomes.

Level of evidence
III.
Challenges associated with test dose pharmacokinetic predictions of high dose melphalan exposure in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Nath Christa Ellen , Grigg Andrew , Rosser Sebastian P. A. , Estell Jane , Newman Elizabeth , Tiley Campbell , Ramanathan Sundra , Ho Shir Jing , Larsen Stephen , Gibson John , Presgrave Peter , Shaw Peter John , Trotman Judith 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the accuracy of melphalan test dose pharmacokinetic (PK) predictions of the subsequent high dose (HDM) area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) and to identify sources of prediction error (PE).

Methods
A prospective multicentre PK study was conducted in 40 myeloma patients of median age 60 (range:35–71) years using a 20 mg/m2 test dose administered 1–3 days prior to HDM (predominantly 180 mg/m2). PK data were collected post the test and high doses to compare predicted versus actual AUCs determined using the trapezoidal rule. Test and high dose infusion concentration, volume and duration and the time from preparation to infusion were compared using the paired Wilcoxin rank sign test. The impact of Melphalan administration parameters on PE was evaluated using the Mann–Whitney test. The predictive capacity of a previously published population PK (PopPK) model was also examined.

Results
Predicted HDM AUC was within 15% of the observed values in only 63% of patients when analysed using the trapezoidal rule and 70% of patients using PopPK. Test dose infusion concentration, volume, duration and time from preparation to infusion were significantly lower than for HDM (p < 0.005). Test dose administration within 15 min of reconstitution (n = 5) was associated with significantly lower PE than administration times of 16–60 min (n = 22), p < 0.05. Test and HDM infusion concentrations were lower in patients with large PE (> ± 15%), but the differences were not significant (p = 0.078, 0.228, respectively).

Conclusion
Test dose PK has the potential to predict subsequent HDM exposure to achieve a target AUC once melphalan administration parameters are optimised to account for stability issues in the formulation.
Bayesian Cross-Validation Comparison of Amino Acid Replacement Models: Contrasting Profile Mixtures, Pairwise Exchangeabilities, and Gamma-Distributed Rates-Across-Sites
Authors: Bujaki Thomas , Rodrigue Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractModels of amino acid replacement are central to modern phylogenetic inference, particularly so when dealing with deep evolutionary relationships. Traditionally, a single, empirically derived matrix was utilized, so as to keep the degrees-of-freedom of the inference low, and focused on topology. With the growing size of data sets, however, an amino acid-level general-time-reversible matrix has become increasingly feasible, treating amino acid exchangeabilities and frequencies as free parameters. Moreover, models based on mixtures of multiple matrices are increasingly utilized, in order to account for across-site heterogeneities in amino acid requirements of proteins. Such models exist as finite empirically-derived amino acid profile (or frequency) mixtures, free finite mixtures, as well as free Dirichlet process-based infinite mixtures. All of these approaches are typically combined with a gamma-distributed rates-across-sites model. In spite of the availability of these different aspects to modeling the amino acid replacement process, no study has systematically quantified their relative contributions to their predictive power of real data. Here, we use Bayesian cross-validation to establish a detailed comparison, while activating/deactivating each modeling aspect. For most data sets studied, we find that amino acid mixture models can outrank all single-matrix models, even when the latter include gamma-distributed rates and the former do not. We also find that free finite mixtures consistently outperform empirical finite mixtures. Finally, the Dirichlet process-based mixture model tends to outperform all other approaches.
Serum beta-2 microglobulin as a predictor of nephritis, disease activity, and damage score in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gamal Dalia Mohamed , Badr Fatma Mohammed , Taha Sara Ibrahim Abd el Fattah , Moustafa Nouran M. , Teama Mohammed Abd El Monem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA strong correlation between lupus nephritis (LN), disease activity, and serum beta 2-microglobulin (b2MG) was observed. The current study examines the correlation between serum b2MG and renal involvement, damage score, and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. One hundred SLE patients from Ain Shams University Hospital were enrolled and categorized into two groups. Group I had 40 patients with negative b2MG, while Group II had 60 patients with positive b2MG levels. Medical history, clinical examination, and assessing disease activity based on SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2 K), and damage score were recorded for all patients. Laboratory examinations, such as serum b2MG, complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine analysis, 24 h urinary protein excretion, Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-dsDNA antibody, and serum complement (C3, C4). BUN, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, active urinary sediment, SLEDAI score, and damage score were all elevated in group II compared to group I (p < 0.001). There is a positive correlation between serum b2MG and 24 h urinary protein, BUN, serum creatinine, disease activity, and damage score (p < 0.001), while it was negatively correlated with GFR, C3, and C4 (p < 0.001). Serum b2MG has proven to be a predictor of LN in SLE patients (Sensitivity 92.45%, Specificity 74.47%), also being a predictor of the activity of the disease as well as damage index (Sensitivity 96.67%, Specificity 85%) (Sensitivity 92.45%, Specificity 74.47%), respectively. Serum b2MG level can be used as a valuable predictor for LN, clinical disease activity, and damage score.
Energy use, growth and survival of coral reef snapper larvae reared at elevated temperatures
Authors: McMahon Shannon J. , Munday Philip L. , Donelson Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe success of individuals during the pelagic larval phase is critical to maintaining healthy and viable populations of coral reef fishes; however, it is also the most environmentally sensitive and energetically demanding life stage. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves, which could have significant effects on the development and survival of larval coral reef fishes. However, little is known about how the larvae of pelagic-spawning coral reef fishes will be affected due to the difficulty of spawning and rearing these species in captivity. In this study, we tested how elevated temperatures, similar to those occurring during a marine heatwave, affected the yolk utilization, growth, and survival of larval, Lutjanus carponotatus, a common mesopredatory fish on Indo-west Pacific coral reefs. Eggs and larvae were reared at a current-day average summer temperature (28.5 °C) and two elevated temperatures (30 °C and 31.5 °C) until 14 d post-hatch (dph). Larvae in the elevated temperatures depleted their yolk reserves 39% faster than at the control temperature. The standard length of larvae was 55% (30 °C) and 92% (31.5 °C) longer in the elevated temperature treatments than the control temperature at 14 dph. Conversely, survival of larvae was 54% (30 °C) and 68% (31.5 °C) lower at elevated temperatures compared with the control temperature. This study provides new insights as to how the early life stages of coral reef fishes could be affected by ocean warming and marine heatwaves, with implications for their population dynamics.
Erste Ergebnisse der Evaluation eines digitalen Rollators
Authors: Dupret Ina , Gräske Johannes , Venn Rebecca , Renaud Dagmar 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zur Kompensation physiologischer Einschränkungen und zum Erhalt der Mobilität im Alter werden bevorzugt Rollatoren genutzt. Allerdings können Hindernisse der Umgebung oder die eingeschränkte Wahrnehmung von Sturzgefahren zu Sturzereignissen führen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Im Rahmen einer Studie wird eine Elektronikbox evaluiert, mit deren Hilfe herkömmliche Rollatoren mit verschiedenen technischen Assistenzsystemen (z. B. Hilferuf an Kontaktpersonen, Sturzerkennung) ergänzt werden (DigiRoll). Die Elektronikbox wurde in der Pilotphase der Studie mit dem Ziel der Weiterentwicklung auf ihre Alltagstauglichkeit getestet.

Methodik
In einem qualitativen Design wurde der DigiRoll in einer Pilotphase mit 10 Teilnehmenden getestet. Die Personen wurden sowohl in Fokusgruppen als auch Einzelinterviews befragt. Zusätzlich erfolgten ethnografische Beobachtungen. Die Auswertung erfolgte qualitativ inhaltsanalytisch.

Ergebnisse
Die Proband:innen zeigten ein großes Interesse an der Entwicklung der Assistenzsysteme zur Steigerung des Sicherheitsgefühls, zugleich wurde die Notwendigkeit der Anpassung des DigiRoll an individuelle Bedarfe deutlich, in Abhängigkeit von der Wohnsituation, der Art der Beeinträchtigung und den persönlichen Lebensgewohnheiten.

Diskussion
Der DigiRoll hat das Potenzial, Menschen mit eingeschränkter Mobilität nachhaltig zu unterstützen, indem er das Sicherheitsgefühl der Nutzer:innen erhöht. Weitere Kontextfaktoren wie der Zugang zu geeigneten Rollatoren und sicheren Gehwegen können nicht durch den DigiRoll beeinflusst werden.
Cardiomyocyte p38 MAPKα suppresses a heart–adipose tissue–neutrophil crosstalk in heart failure development
Authors: Bottermann Katharina , Kalfhues Lisa , Nederlof Rianne , Hemmers Anne , Leitner Lucia M. , Oenarto Vici , Nemmer Jana , Pfeffer Mirjam , Raje Vidisha , Deenen Rene , Petzsch Patrick , Zabri Heba , Köhrer Karl , Reichert Andreas S. , Grandoch Maria , Fischer Jens W. , Herebian Diran , Stegbauer Johannes , Harris Thurl E. , Gödecke Axel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough p38 MAP Kinase α (p38 MAPKα) is generally accepted to play a central role in the cardiac stress response, to date its function in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is still not unambiguously defined. To induce a pathological type of cardiac hypertrophy we infused angiotensin II (AngII) for 2 days via osmotic mini pumps in control and tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific p38 MAPKα KO mice (iCMp38αKO) and assessed cardiac function by echocardiography, complemented by transcriptomic, histological, and immune cell analysis. AngII treatment after inactivation of p38 MAPKα in CM results in left ventricular (LV) dilatation within 48 h (EDV: BL: 83.8 ± 22.5 µl, 48 h AngII: 109.7 ± 14.6 µl) and an ectopic lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes, reflecting a metabolic dysfunction in pressure overload (PO). This was accompanied by a concerted downregulation of transcripts for oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Cardiac inflammation involving neutrophils, macrophages, B- and T-cells was significantly enhanced. Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis by the small molecule inhibitor of adipocytetriglyceride lipase (ATGL) Atglistatin reduced cardiac lipid accumulation by 70% and neutrophil infiltration by 30% and went along with an improved cardiac function. Direct targeting of neutrophils by means of anti Ly6G-antibody administration in vivo led to a reduced LV dilation in iCMp38αKO mice and an improved systolic function (EF: 39.27 ± 14%). Thus, adipose tissue lipolysis and CM lipid accumulation augmented cardiac inflammation in iCMp38αKO mice. Neutrophils, in particular, triggered the rapid left ventricular dilatation. We provide the first evidence that p38 MAPKα acts as an essential switch in cardiac adaptation to PO by mitigating metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Moreover, we identified a heart–adipose tissue–immune cell crosstalk, which might serve as new therapeutic target in cardiac pathologies.
Characterization of structural and functional network organization after focal prefrontal lesions in humans in proof of principle study
Authors: Noonan Maryann P. , Geddes Maiya R. , Mars Rogier B. , Fellows Lesley K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLesion research classically maps behavioral effects of focal damage to the directly injured brain region. However, such damage can also have distant effects that can be assessed with modern imaging methods. Furthermore, the combination and comparison of imaging methods in a lesion model may shed light on the biological basis of structural and functional networks in the healthy brain. We characterized network organization assessed with multiple MRI imaging modalities in 13 patients with chronic focal damage affecting either superior or inferior frontal gyrus (SFG, IFG) and 18 demographically matched healthy Controls. We first defined structural and functional network parameters in Controls and then investigated grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences between patients and Controls. Finally, we examined the differences in functional coupling to large-scale resting state networks (RSNs). The results suggest lesions are associated with widespread within-network GM loss at distal sites, yet leave WM and RSNs relatively preserved. Lesions to either prefrontal region also had a similar relative level of impact on structural and functional networks. The findings provide initial evidence for causal contributions of specific prefrontal regions to brain networks in humans that will ultimately help to refine models of the human brain.
The Brown measure of the free multiplicative Brownian motion
Authors: Driver Bruce K. , Hall Brian , Kemp Todd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe free multiplicative Brownian motion $$b_{t}$$

b
t

is the large-N limit of the Brownian motion on $$\mathsf {GL}(N;\mathbb {C}),$$

GL
(
N
;
C
)
,

in the sense of $$*$$

∗

-distributions. The natural candidate for the large-N limit of the empirical distribution of eigenvalues is thus the Brown measure of $$b_{t}$$

b
t

. In previous work, the second and third authors showed that this Brown measure is supported in the closure of a region $$\Sigma _{t}$$

Σ
t

that appeared in the work of Biane. In the present paper, we compute the Brown measure completely. It has a continuous density $$W_{t}$$

W
t

on $$\overline{\Sigma }_{t},$$

Σ
¯

t

,

which is strictly positive and real analytic on $$\Sigma _{t}$$

Σ
t

. This density has a simple form in polar coordinates: $$\begin{aligned} W_{t}(r,\theta )=\frac{1}{r^{2}}w_{t}(\theta ), \end{aligned}$$

W
t

(
r
,
θ
)

=

1

r
2

w
t

(
θ
)

,

where $$w_{t}$$

w
t

is an analytic function determined by the geometry of the region $$\Sigma _{t}$$

Σ
t

. We show also that the spectral measure of free unitary Brownian motion $$u_{t}$$

u
t

is a “shadow” of the Brown measure of $$b_{t}$$

b
t

, precisely mirroring the relationship between the circular and semicircular laws. We develop several new methods, based on stochastic differential equations and PDE, to prove these results.
Bariatric surgery prevents carotid wall thickness progression
Authors: Lunger Lukas , Melmer Andreas , Sturm Wolfgang , Lamina Claudia , Tschoner Alexander , Engl Julia , Hönlinger Armin , Engler Clemens , Willeit Peter , Kiechl Stefan , Willeit Johann , Öfner Dietmar , Wykypiel Heinz , Laimer Markus , Tilg Herbert , Ebenbichler Christoph 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Background
Bariatric surgery is a treatment option for patients with severe obesity and improves parameters of cardiovascular and/or metabolic disease. Carotid intima media thickness (C-IMT) is a surrogate measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Previous studies showed short to mid-term arrest and even regression of C‑IMT progression following bariatric surgery. We aimed to investigate the long-term effect of weight loss on C‑IMT progression 10 years after bariatric surgery in comparison to a population-based control cohort.

Methods
In total, 21 eligible patients were examined preoperatively, at 5 and 10 years after bariatric surgery. Anthropometric parameters, plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin, and glucose were assessed at all three study visits. C‑IMT was measured via B‑mode scans of the common carotid artery. C‑IMT progression was measured in an age-matched and BMI-matched cohort selected from the population-based Bruneck study to compare with changes in C‑IMT progression after bariatric surgery.

Results
C‑IMT remained stable over the 10-year observation period after bariatric surgery. The control cohort showed a significant C‑IMT progression over 10 years. The difference in C‑IMT progression over 10 years was significant (p < 0.01) between both cohorts.

Conclusion
Weight loss induced by bariatric surgery halts the natural progression of C‑IMT over a 10-year observation period.
A Riemann–Hilbert approach to the modified Camassa–Holm equation with step-like boundary conditions
Authors: Karpenko Iryna , Shepelsky Dmitry , Teschl Gerald 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper aims at developing the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) approach for the modified Camassa–Holm (mCH) equation on the line with non-zero boundary conditions, in the case when the solution is assumed to approach two different constants at different sides of the line. We present detailed properties of spectral functions associated with the initial data for the Cauchy problem for the mCH equation and obtain a representation for the solution of this problem in terms of the solution of an associated RH problem.
The impact of cerebral vasomotor reactivity on cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment
Authors: Sforza Michela , Bianchini Edoardo , Alivernini Diletta , Salvetti Marco , Pontieri Francesco E. , Sette Giuliano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a complex and tightly controlled function ensuring delivery of oxygen and nutrients and removal of metabolic wastes from brain tissue. Cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) refers to the ability of the nervous system to regulate CBF according to metabolic demands or changes in the microenvironment. This can be assessed through a variety of nuclear medicine and imaging techniques and protocols. Several studies have investigated the association of CVR with physiological and pathological conditions, with particular reference to the relationship with cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disorders (CVD). A better understanding of the interaction between CVR and cognitive dysfunction in chronic and particularly acute CVD could help improving treatment and rehabilitation strategies in these patients. In this paper, we reviewed current knowledge on CVR alterations in the context of acute and chronic CVD and cognitive dysfunction. Alterations in CVR and hemodynamics have been described in patients with both neurodegenerative and vascular cognitive impairment, and the severity of these alterations seems to correlate with CVR derailment. Furthermore, an increased risk of cognitive impairment progression has been associated with alterations in CVR parameters and hemodynamics. Few studies have investigated these associations in acute cerebrovascular disorders and the results are inconsistent; thus, further research on this topic is encouraged.
Die psychoonkologische Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit Weichteilsarkomen
Authors: Eichler Martin , Singer Susanne , Hentschel Leopold , Hornemann Beate , Hohenberger Peter , Kasper Bernd , Andreou Dimosthenis , Pink Daniel , Zapata Bonilla Sergio A. , Fried Marius , Arndt Karin , Bornhäuser Martin , Schmitt Jochen , Schuler Markus K. 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es existieren keine Studien zur Inanspruchnahme psychoonkologischer Angebote durch Weichteilsarkompatienten in Deutschland. Ziel war es deshalb, die Häufigkeit der Inanspruchnahme psychoonkologischer Angebote im Krankenhaus in dieser Gruppe zu ermitteln und damit assoziierte Faktoren zu untersuchen.

Methode
Die Kohortenstudie PROSa (Krankheitslast und Versorgungssituation bei Sarkomen) wurde zwischen 2017 und 2020 in 39 deutschen Studienzentren durchgeführt. Für die vorliegende Analyse wurden Querschnittsdaten von erwachsenen Weichteilsarkompatienten ausgewertet. Faktoren auf Patienten- wie auf Einrichtungsebene wurden als mögliche Prädiktoren der Inanspruchnahme psychoonkologischer Beratung mittels logistischer Regression in einem verallgemeinerten linearen gemischten Modell exploriert.

Resultate
Bei 910 teilnehmenden Patienten lagen von 576 (63,3 %) Angaben zur Inanspruchnahme vor. 212 Patienten (unter Einbeziehung der fehlenden Angaben 23,3 %, ohne diese 36,7 %) nahmen psychoonkologische Angebote in Anspruch. Negativ mit der Inanspruchnahme assoziiert waren männliches (vs. weibliches) Geschlecht (Odds Ratio [OR] 0,62) und höheres Alter (18–< 40 Jahre vs. 65–< 75 Jahre: OR 0,32; 18–< 40 Jahre vs. ≥ 75 Jahre: OR 0,19). Positiv assoziiert waren Bildungsgrad (Abitur vs. Haupt‑/Volksschulabschluss [OR 2,01]) und Grading (High-grade-Tumoren vs. „low-grade“ [OR 4,41]). Wenn Psychoonkologen am Tumorboard beteiligt waren, war die Inanspruchnahme deutlich höher (OR 6,69).

Konklusion
Frauen, jüngere Personen, Patienten mit höherer Bildung und fortgeschrittenem Krankheitsstadium nehmen häufiger psychoonkologische Versorgung in Anspruch. Ein struktureller Faktor für eine erhöhte Inanspruchnahme ist die Beteiligung der Psychoonkologie am Tumorboard.