bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning-based beam steering in a hybrid plasmonic nano-antenna array
Authors: Mahmoud Korany R. , Montaser Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, different beam-steering techniques are introduced using an

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hybrid plasmonic nano-antenna array operating at 1550 nm. Two conventional techniques of the switched-beam and phased array are considered for implementing beam steering. For a switched-beam antenna, the beam steering is achieved by switching between the feed antenna elements, whereas the feed antenna array is attached to the back surface of a fishnet achromatic-metalens to collimate the rays. In the phased array antenna, the beam is steered by estimating the appropriate feeding phases of the 64 elements using a deep neural network (DNN) either with or without a lens and comparing the results with those obtained using a traditional method. Finally, a hybrid technique based on activating only a subset of antenna elements in the existence of the lens is proposed to steer the pattern in a certain direction. By predicting the proper feeding phases of the antenna array elements, the neural network with the backpropagation technique and weighted hybrid gravitational search algorithm-particle swarm optimization approach is used to beam-steer the pattern. Furthermore, the DNN is applied to assign the required active subset elements for directing the main beam toward the desired direction. Several sample examples are provided to beam-steer the pattern in numerous directions to assess the correctness of the strategies.
Bilirubin levels and kidney function decline: An analysis of clinical trial and real world data
Authors: Aoki Yasunori , Cabrera Claudia S. , Ouwens Mario , Bamberg Krister , Nyström Jenny , Raz Itamar , Scirica Benjamin M. , Hamrén Bengt , Greasley Peter J. , Rekić Dinko 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To evaluate if previously found associations between low serum bilirubin concentration and kidney function decline is independent of hemoglobin and other key confounders.

Research design and methods
Clinical trial data from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial as well as the UK primary care electronic healthcare records, Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), were used to construct three cohorts of patients at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The randomized clinical trial (RCT) cohort from the subset of SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial consisted of 10,555 type-2 diabetic patients with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The two observational data cohorts from CPRD consisted of 71,104 newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes (CPRD-DM2) and 82,065 newly diagnosed hypertensive (CPRD-HT) patients without diabetes. Cohorts were stratified according to baseline circulating total bilirubin levels to determine association on the primary end point of a 30% reduction from baseline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the secondary end point of albuminuria.

Results
The confounder adjusted hazard ratios of the subpopulation with lower than median bilirubin levels compared to above median bilirubin levels for the primary end point were 1.18 (1.02–1.37), 1.12 (1.05–1.19) and 1.09 (1.01–1.17), for the secondary end point were 1.26 (1.06–1.52), 1.11 (1.01–1.21) and 1.18 (1.01–1.39) for SAVOR-TIMI 53, CPRD-DM2, CPRD-HT, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings are consistent across all cohorts and endpoints: lower serum bilirubin levels are associated with a greater kidney function decline independent of hemoglobin and other key confounders. This suggests that increased monitoring of kidney health in patients with lower bilirubin levels may be considered, especially for diabetic patients.
“Trying to develop a better workforce”: Stakeholders’ perspectives of a practice-integrated Australian hospital pharmacist foundation residency program
Authors: Sim Yu Ting , Murray Carolyn , Marotti Sally , Kumar Saravana 
Published: June 2022

Background
Practice-integrated education and professional development programs (also known as residencies), have been available to pharmacists in America and the United Kingdom for many years. In 2016, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia launched Australia’s novel Foundation Residency Program to support the development of early-career pharmacists, and has been implemented across many hospitals nationally. This model was adopted by the South Australian (SA) public hospital pharmacy statewide service and was granted full accreditation. The study aimed to explore key stakeholders’ expectations and early perceptions of the structure, role and impact of the SA program and in that process, to identify key influencing factors and strategies informing future program planning and design.

Methods
Purposeful sampling was adopted to recruit participants who oversee preceptors and residents, across all employment levels and pharmacy service sites. Stakeholders participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Each interview was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcribed dataset was managed using NVivo softwareTM (version 10) and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis through the lens of the PRECEDE-PROCEED logic model framework.

Results
Thirty-three staff consented to participate. Participants were de-identified with a randomly assigned code number. Three key themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis; alignment of program goals and visions, culture shift to prioritising workforce development as core business, program structure supports focused workforce development.

Conclusions
Participants view the residency as beneficial for development of the residents, preceptors, and the hospital pharmacy workforce. The multisite structure was a strength of the program. Whilst it was acknowledged that the rotations, cross-site rotations, and research project presented challenges, they were deemed worth the investment. Overall, it was felt that incremental increases in program capacity will occur over time, as culture changes, and as investing in workforce development becomes core business. The findings have led to several key recommendations to guide program expansion.
Anemia Etiology and the Response to a Gluten-Free Diet in Untreated Patients With Celiac Disease: A 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Roldan Giovanni A. , Goyes Daniela , Villafuerte-Gálvez Javier A. , Urquiaga Mariana , Dennis Melinda , Murray Joseph A. , Leffler Daniel A. , Kelly Ciarán P. 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are common in newly diagnosed patients with celiac disease (CeD). We aim to determine the prevalence and etiology of anemia in a cohort of patients with CeD in the United States and examine the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on the laboratory parameters related to anemia in CeD.

METHODS:
We analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of adults with biopsy-proven CeD followed in a specialized CeD center between January 2000 and June 2016. We used the level of hemoglobin (Hb) and micronutrients suggested by the World Health Organization to establish the diagnosis of anemia or deficiencies. Demographic data and laboratory parameters related to anemia and micronutrients were recorded at the time of diagnosis and on a GFD. A celiac expert nutritionist or gastroenterologist evaluated all patients.

RESULTS:
In 572 patients with laboratory evaluation before starting a GFD, approximately 25% presented with anemia at the time of diagnosis of CeD. Iron deficiency was present in 50.8% of the cohort and in 78.8% of the patients with anemia. Within the anemic population, 84.4% of female patients as compared with 58.3% of male patients (P = 0.02) showed iron deficiency. Folate deficiency (23.2%), vitamin B12 deficiency (11%), and anemia of chronic diseases (7.8%) were also part of both sexes' anemia etiology. Of the initially anemic patients, 81% and 89% normalized their Hb levels within 1 year and 2 years of beginning a GFD, respectively. All patients received appropriate supplementation when needed.

DISCUSSION:
Approximately 25% of individuals have anemia at CeD diagnosis. The anemia etiology included iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies, and anemia of chronic diseases. Most of the patients will normalize their Hb levels and the anemia laboratory parameters 1 year after starting a strict GFD.
Impact of Recent Acute Kidney Injury on Creatinine Clearance Estimation in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Fuentes Amaris , Earla Jagadeswara R. , Iso Tomona , Swan Joshua T. 
Published: June 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI), often present in critically ill patients and patients with cardiac dysfunction, may alter estimates of renal function. The impact of recent AKI on the accuracy of the Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance equation (CG-CrCl) before cardiac surgery is unknown.
This single-center, retrospective study included patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 1 January 2006 through 30 June 2012 and whose 24-hour urine creatinine clearance (24hr-CrCl) was measured in the intensive care unit before surgery. We evaluated CG-CrCl accuracy by calculating absolute differences between 24hr-CrCl and CG-CrCl estimates. Clinical impact was signified by discrepancies in United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) renal impairment stage indicated by 24hr-CrCl versus CG-CrCl estimates. Acute kidney injury was evaluated by using Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria.
Of 161 patients, 93 (58%) had recent AKI: stage 1, 31 (33%); stage 2, 39 (42%); and stage 3, 23 (25%). In mL/min, the CG-CrCl overestimated 24hr-CrCl (absolute difference: total, −10 ± 25; no AKI, −7 ± 26; stage 1, −8 ± 17; stage 2, −16 ± 28; and stage 3, −10 ± 26; P=0.29). Renal impairment stages assigned by CG-CrCl did not match 24hr-CrCl in 70 (43%) of the 161 patients, especially those with recent AKI: no AKI, 24/68 (35%); stage 1, 13/31 (42%); stage 2, 23/39 (59%); and stage 3, 10/23 (43%).
The CG-CrCl consistently overestimated 24hr-CrCl in critically ill patients before cardiac surgery. Clinicians should use the CG-CrCl cautiously when estimating renal function and medication dosages in this population.
The DPG Method for the Convection-Reaction Problem, Revisited
Authors: Demkowicz Leszek Feliks , Roberts Nathan V. , Muñoz-Matute Judit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study both conforming and non-conforming versions of the practical DPG method for the convection-reaction problem.
We determine that the most common approach for DPG stability analysis – construction of a local Fortin operator – is infeasible for the convection-reaction problem.
We then develop a line of argument based on a direct proof of discrete stability; we find that employing a polynomial enrichment for the test space does not suffice for this purpose, motivating the introduction of a (two-element) subgrid mesh.
The argument combines mathematical analysis with numerical experiments.
Mental Health Strategies Informed by Black Feminist Thought
Authors: Oliphant Vanessa Nicole , Broyles Deja , Clement Déjà N. , Wingate LaRicka R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There is currently a gap in the literature that explicitly connects Black feminist thought with psychological theory, research, or intervention. This article review aims to assist in filling the gap and inspire scholars to actively utilize the knowledge of Black feminism and apply it to culturally specific mental health resources for Black women. There is a need for a new generation of Black feminists to intentionally center Black women’s mental health in psychological research and therapeutic practices. Black women’s mental health is an important part of Black feminism, and accordingly psychological theory, research, and intervention should actively incorporate Black feminist thought. This article seeks to call attention to specific ways Black women can preserve and strengthen their mental health and maintain resiliency. Specifically, this review highlights three Black feminist-informed strategies that can aid in supporting Black women’s mental health: practicing essential/critical affirmations, raising Black consciousness, and intentional self-definition.
Parameter identification for portfolio optimization with a slow stochastic factor
Authors: Hu Lei , Xu Dinghua 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we intend to identify two significant parameters – expected return and absolute risk aversion – in the Merton portfolio optimization problem under an exponential utility function where volatility is driven by a slow mean-reverting diffusion process.
First, we find the approximate solution of the fully nonlinear Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation for the Merton model by the stochastic asymptotic approximation method.
Second, we estimate parameters – expected return and absolute risk aversion – through the approximate solution and prove the uniqueness and stability of the parameter identification problem.
Finally, we provide an illustrative example to demonstrate the capacity and efficiency of our method.
Nonlinear effects on WDM optical communication system
Authors: Rengachary Gopalan Sangeetha , Chandran Hemanth , Ranganath Badikela Srikar , Saketh K. Adithya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system improves the capacity of an optical communication system. On the other hand, nonlinear effects are critical issues that limit the performance of the DWDM system. The nonlinear effects of self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing affect optical communication’s capacity. This paper focuses on mitigating the nonlinear effect of cross-phase modulation in the DWDM system with a suitable technique.
The dental-alveolar contrast in Mapudungun: loss, preservation, and extension
Authors: Molineaux Benjamin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Dialects of the South American language Mapudungun are claimed to display a dental-alveolar contrast across four manners of consonant articulation: stops, nasals, laterals, and fricatives. Such a full, symmetrical system of distinctions among coronals is typologically unique and, as such, is predicted to be unstable. This paper’s survey of contemporary data, however, shows that, despite lexical contrast being marginal and dentals being morphologically restricted, the distinction is highly salient to native speakers of the more vital dialects. A careful examination of the pattern’s historical roots and diachronic stability, furthermore, allows us to reconstruct it throughout the 400-year textual record. Indeed, the early descriptions and transcriptions shown that, instead of contracting, the contrast expanded, by borrowing the alveolar fricative /s/ from Quechuan and Spanish. The historical and articulatory data shows that while /t̪ n̪ l̪ θ/ are laminal, /t n l/ are apical. Incoming /s/, however, does not follow the pattern, being laminal and prompting a reorganization of featural contrasts among fricatives. As a result of erosion of native fluency under Spanish contact, loss of the dental-alveolar contrast has become commonplace, although there is much variation across speaker, dialect, and manner of articulation. Crucially, dialects which had only voiced fricatives until the borrowing of /s/ seem to have added voicing as a new contrastive feature, helping to preserve the coronal contrast among fricatives, even where vitality is reduced.
How Do You Like Your Justice, Bent or Unbent?
Authors: Moen Lars J. K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Principles of justice, David Estlund argues, cannot be falsified by people’s unwillingness to satisfy them. In his Utopophobia, Estlund rejects the view that justice must bend to human motivation to deliver practical implications for how institutions ought to function. In this paper, I argue that a substantive argument against such bending of justice principles must challenge the reasons for making these principles sensitive to motivational limitations. Estlund, however, provides no such challenge. His dispute with benders of justice is therefore a verbal one over the true meaning of justice, which need not worry those with the intuition that justice should perform a function that requires bending. By focusing on John Rawls’s reasons for bending his justice principles, I point towards a substantive critique of bent justice.
Crystal structure of 4-(((2-(3-(1-(3-(3-cyanophenyl)-6-oxopyridazin-1(6H)-yl)ethyl)phenyl) pyrimidin-5-yl)oxy)methyl)-1-methylpiperidin-1-ium chloride monohydrate, C30H33N6O2Cl
Authors: Yao Han , Yan Ming , Li Xingshu , Hu Jinhui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C30H33N6O2Cl monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 13.7983(8) Å, b = 7.3771(3) Å, c = 14.3578(7) Å, β = 101.730(5)°, V = 1430.97(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0525, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1285, T = 170 K.
Crystal structure of chlorido-(η
6-toluene)(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)ruthenium(II) hexafluoridophosphate(V) ─ acetone (1/1) C22H26ClN2ORuPF6
Authors: Gichumbi Joel M. , Zamisa Sizwe J. , Friedrich Holger B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
C22H26ClN2ORuPF6, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.2106(4) Å, b = 10.8139(4) Å, c = 11.1963(4) Å, α = 93.765(2)°, β = 90.418(1)°, γ = 94.324(2)°, V = 1229.98(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0251, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0683, T = 100 K.
A Graduation Approach-Based Program for Victims of Colombia’s Armed Conflict: Lessons for Economic Inclusion
Authors: León-Jurado Viviana , Maldonado Jorge H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Transformando Mi Futuro (Transforming my Future) is a poverty reduction program implemented by the Colombian government as part of the strategy to support and repair the victims of the armed conflict. The program is based on the graduation approach that implies a comprehensive intervention in which the household receives consumption support, financial education, asset transfer, technical training, and instruction in life skills. However, unlike other graduation programs, this one targeted the urban population and did not offer direct transfers. Its primary purpose was to build capacities among those households who reported wanting to invest their legal monetary compensation as victims in productive projects. A before-after approach was employed to evaluate this program. The main results highlight positive changes in well-being and a reduction in the gap between the current perception of well-being, expectations for two and five years in the future, and positive changes in labor income and informal savings. These results suggest that the program contributed to improve the living conditions of participating households. However, a heterogeneity analysis shows that changes are differentiated according to participants’ initial labor status.
A convergent hybrid three-term conjugate gradient method with sufficient descent property for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Diphofu T. , Kaelo P. , Tufa A.R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Conjugate gradient methods are very popular for solving large scale unconstrained optimization problems because of their simplicity to implement and low memory requirements. In this paper, we present a hybrid three-term conjugate gradient method with a direction that always satisfies the sufficient descent condition. We establish global convergence of the new method under the weak Wolfe line search conditions. We also report some numerical results of the proposed method compared to relevant methods in the literature.
How Brine Composition Affects Fly Ash Reactions: The Influence of (Cat-, An-)ion Type
Authors: Collin Marie , Prentice Dale P. , Arnold Ross A. , Ellison Kirk , Simonetti Dante A. , Sant Gaurav N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hypersaline brines can be solidified and stabilized via the hydraulic and pozzolanic reactions between fly ash(es) and calcium-based additives. Although recent work has examined fly ash reactivity in single-salt (“simple”) hypersaline brines (ionic strength, Im &gt; 1 mol/L), the effects of mixed-salt solutions on fly ash reactivity remain unclear. Herein, the reactivity of a Class C (calcium oxide [CaO]-rich) or Class F (CaO-poor) fly ash mixture with calcium hydroxide is reacted in solutions bearing sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), or combinations thereof for 1.5 ≤ Im ≤ 2.25 mol/L, from 1 week until 24 weeks. Expectedly, sulfate anions promote the formation of sulfate phases (i.e., ettringite, monosulfoaluminate, U-phase), while chloride anions induce the formation of Cl-AFm compounds (i.e., Kuzel’s and Friedel’s salt). Although the Class C fly ash’s reactivity is similar across different anions (for a fixed cation and Im), Class F fly ash shows a small change in reactivity depending on the anion present. NaCl suppresses (Class C and Class F) fly ash reactivity by up to 30 % as compared to neat CaCl2 and MgCl2-based brines. Thermodynamic modeling reveals that NaCl induces a considerable increase in pH—up to 13.7, where many hydrated phases of interest cease to be the major phase expected—as compared to CaCl2 and MgCl2 brines (pH &lt; 13). In mixed-salt brines, anion immobilization is competitive: sulfate achieves a greater level of incorporation into the hydrates, as compared to chloride. These results offer new understanding of how the brine composition affects solidification and stabilization and thereby yield new insight into improved approaches for wastewater disposal.
A Novel Proof of Concept Experimental Setup for Seabed-Pipe Interface Friction Measurements
Authors: Houhou Roba , Sadek Salah , Najjar Shadi , Shammas Elie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Offshore hydrocarbon pipelines operate at relatively high pressures and temperatures. These conditions lead to their expansion and contraction and ultimately result in pipeline buckling or “walking” after multiple cycles of operation. Such movements are typically opposed by the axial resistance of the pipe-soil interface, which has to be accurately evaluated to optimize the engineering performance of the pipelines while minimizing testing and construction costs. To date, different testing techniques have been adopted to evaluate this resistance throughout the pipeline operational life. These include laboratory soil element testing, laboratory model testing, and in situ testing using specialized, complex, and costly devices. Despite being the most reliable testing technique, in situ tests are limited by the very small number of available specialized field equipment, e.g., the Fugro SMARTPIPE and the recently developed “pipe-like” penetrometers, both of which suffer from some drawbacks related to high costs, practicality, and testing conditions. This paper presents an attempt at addressing most of the limitations that were identified in the currently available methods, leading to the development of a new in situ, cost-effective apparatus for measuring axial pipeline resistance. A laboratory proof of concept experimental setup that could be adapted in future work to become an autonomous field apparatus was designed, produced, deployed on a clay bed and tested under normal stresses in the low-pressure range. The prototype reliably captured the effects of normal stress on the drained interface resistance. It produced accurate interface friction factors that are comparable to those obtained from the direct shear tests on the same soil and interface. The results obtained are very promising and confirmed the practicality and functionality of the proposed prototype. Some areas of improvement that would enhance the efficiency and reliability of the test were identified and will be applied to future versions of the device.