bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selling Hope
Authors: Cohen Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The promise of a panacea for education brought lotteries to the South in the 1990s. This chapter shows how Governor Zell Miller led the movement for a lottery in Georgia. Miller proposed that the lottery fund a new college merit scholarship and universal pre-kindergarten. Amid a regional political realignment, lotteries helped Democrats like Miller stave off Republican opponents by offering a new nontax source of state revenue. Though Georgia’s evangelical community mobilized against the lottery, many socially conservative white suburbanites supported lotteries because they anticipated benefiting from the new revenue. Following its enactment, Georgia’s lottery programs became a model for other southern states. Yet these programs have turned lotteries into a doubly regressive enterprise, as the gambling losses of poor and black players fund the education of white middle-class suburbanites across the region.
Invisible Weapons
Authors: Board Jr. Marcus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This book explains how grassroots communities are infiltrated and politically co-opted in ways that render their resistance harmless. It reveals contemporary practices of domination, as power-holding elites—from elected officials to welfare bureaucrats—are teaching oppressed people to internalize their grievances and silence their needs. In the end, politics becomes a space where advocating for social justice makes less and less sense to people. The book therefore explains the politics of radical inaction through disempowerment, dissonance, and disengagement. It considers multiple sites of resistance to police violence, including the police killing of Akai Gurley, Freddie Gray, and Korryn Gaines in particular. It also considers the mass protest associated with the wider Movement for Black Lives (M4BL). The book argues that anti-radicalism is an embedded feature of neoliberalism, that the widespread adoption of neoliberal politics has reinforced ongoing racial and gender oppressions, and that these same oppressed communities are being infiltrated in order to minimize their commitments to radical political resistance. Covering multiple sites and methods—from in-depth interviews on the resistance politics of Black welfare recipients in Chicago, to nationally representative survey data on hard-work beliefs in politics and the labor force, and case study analyses of police violence in Baltimore and New York—the book shows how political domination today is about ensnaring minds, constraining imaginations, and upending resistance. With the creation of the invisible weapons framework, future research can better explain sites of political disengagement and the connection to the erosion of whatever remains of democracy in the United States.
Introduction
Authors: Board Jr. Marcus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Introduction explains the dilemma presented when anti-radicalism is anti-democratic. Distinct from notions of extremism, this sense of radicalism is about the liberatory possibilities of dismantling oppressions. Set in the context of the Movement for Black Lives—a movement grounded in radical Black feminist praxis from the beginning—the Introduction situates the wider book as an attempt to address the apparent disconnect between the grassroots masses and engagement with radical race and gender politics. Specifically, the chapter highlights the final days of the 2015 Baltimore Uprising and the relative non-response to the extreme circumstances surrounding Korryn Gaines’s murder in 2016. Finally, the Introduction addresses questions of fascism, partisan divide, and even challenges the left’s posterchild for change in former President Barack Obama. The book therefore emphasizes the connections between white supremacy, patriarchy, politics, and justice.
A Radical View of Evolving Oppression and Resistance
Authors: Board Jr. Marcus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter establishes the historical foundations of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) and neoliberalism. It begins with a discussion of the Combahee River Collective and their 1977 Black feminist statement. This roots the M4BL to its radical, Black, feminist, queer politics, as evident in Alicia Garza’s statement in “A Herstory of Black Lives Matter.” Then the chapter transitions to discussing the women’s anti-violence movement. Connecting to Beth Richie’s work on movement co-optation, the chapter addresses the Violence Against Women Act corresponding with the rise and entrenchment of mass incarceration—a neoliberal staple. It then addresses the march to roll back the gains of the Civil Rights Movement, proceeding into the 2000s and the anti-radical foundations of today’s police state.
The Gaines Dilemma
Authors: Board Jr. Marcus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter deconstructs the events surrounding the 2016 police killing of Korryn Gaines just outside of Baltimore. The analysis focuses on autonomy—people’s sense of choice—and the way mass resistance was not embraced on account of Gaines’s apparent radicalism. Gaines’s politics were explicitly radical, including her being armed with a shotgun. However, the chapter argues that as a Black woman, her combined race and gender are interpreted as a type of radicalism and thus disqualify her and others from support. This analysis is juxtaposed with a discussion of political intersectionality—where justice initiatives focusing on race or gender can miss the oppressive implications of race and gender oppression overlapping. In the end, Gaines is not the only woman whose experiences are overlooked, and that is the basis of the #SayHerName campaign began by Kimberlé Crenshaw and organizers at the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). This exemplifies radical engagement.
Conclusion
Authors: Board Jr. Marcus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Conclusion provides an overview of the preceding chapters while addressing potential critiques, considering implications, and asking questions yet unanswered about the Gaines dilemma. The Conclusion is particularly focused on assessing the dispossession of sovereignty, as neoliberalism follows the trajectory of neocolonialism and takes away people’s capacity to fully participate in US democracy. It ends with some considerations about how protests in the summer of 2020 exemplify the issues identified through the invisible weapons framework and how the election of a president from the Democratic Party is not as far from a fascist future as some might anticipate.
Research on Jihadist Terrorism, Rebel Governance, and Civil Resistance
Authors: Svensson Isak , Finnbogason Daniel , Krause Dino , Lorenzo Luís Martínez , Hawach Nanar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the three fields of literature on which the book builds: jihadist terrorism, rebel governance, and civil resistance. It outlines the rise of global jihadism since the mujahideen anti-Soviet resistance movement in Afghanistan during the 1980s, placing special emphasis on the organizational split between al-Qaeda and IS in 2014, which eventually manifested itself on the local level in different governing strategies. Theoretically, this chapter locates jihadist proto-states within the wider category of rebel governance, arguing that—just like other rebel groups—they depend on different pillars of civilian support to provide effective governance and derive legitimacy. Therefore, the chapter claims that civilians can also withdraw their support from, and thereby undermine, the jihadist state-building project. It further carves out both similarities and differences between jihadist proto-states and other forms of rebel governance, based on which a theoretical argument is presented that draws on a grievance- and resource mobilization–based framework.
When Does Civil Resistance Against Jihadists Occur?
Authors: Svensson Isak , Finnbogason Daniel , Krause Dino , Lorenzo Luís Martínez , Hawach Nanar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the circumstances in which civil resistance occurs. Adopting a country-level perspective, it focuses on three jihadist proto-states: Islamic Emirate of Azawad in Mali (2012) in which organized civil resistance occurred, and two cases without comparable nonviolent resistance: the Islamic State of Iraq (2006–2008) and the Islamic Principality of al-Mukalla in Yemen (2015–2016). Whereas the Islamic State of Iraq was met with mainly armed resistance (the Sunni Awakening campaign), the Islamic Principality saw no armed and only sporadic unarmed organized and collective resistance by locals under its rule. The chapter argues that civil resistance is more likely when locals perceive the jihadists’ rule as alien and when organizational structures capable of collective nonviolent mobilization are activated. It demonstrates how variation in the jihadists’ governance (especially the degree of adaptation to local conditions) and in the social structures for mobilization (i.e., whether opposition was channeled through civil society or tribal networks) created different conditions for civil resistance.
Civil Resistance Against Jihadists
Authors: Svensson Isak , Finnbogason Daniel , Krause Dino , Lorenzo Luís Martínez , Hawach Nanar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter asks why civil resistance is—sometimes—successful. A set of regression analyses based on the dataset on anti-jihadist demonstrations during the Syrian Civil War shows that protests formulating non-maximalist demands were more likely to be successful, as well as events accompanied by other protests in the spatial environment. Moreover, there is evidence for a form of “political jiu-jitsu,” as jihadist repression of protests backfired. The second part of the chapter, building on interviews with activists, traces the evolution of protests around Maarat al-Numan in Syria. While lending support to the statistical findings, the case illustrates that maximalist goals are not bound to fail, but they may require more time. Second, a case study of anti-GIA resistance in Algeria shows the important role played by women while illustrating the difficulty of separating the effects of nonviolent campaigns from those of military actions.
Social Perspective
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Social sciences play an important role in demonstrating the effectiveness of interventions of those at highest risk of perpetrating gun violence or being gun violence victims. Contextual grounding plays an instrumental role in social work and other professions by helping us understand urban gun violence occurrence and the circumstances leading to the use of guns. More importantly, this chapter approaches gun violence interventions as establishing a foundation using the latest thinking and data. A social perspective on gun injuries allows for casting a wide net in capturing this phenomenon, helping readers develop a wide lens for gun injury. Grasping the social meaning of guns is essential in coordinating public health campaigns on the outcomes they cause.
Cultural Perspective
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gun cultural symbolism has many meanings and can translate into a social cause. The social context covered in earlier chapters focuses on gun violence as an epidemic, silent or public. Culture should not be restricted because its power shapes behavior and crosses all spheres of influence. It is also important to be cognizant of how culture can be used to marginalize groups of color, such as “the culture of poverty,” with all of its destructive forces, or “blaming the victim” for their dire situations. Victim purity captures this latter perspective. Guns have powerful symbolic cultural meanings of what constitutes manhood and power for men, often forming an integral part of their identity. It makes sense that the consequences, too, bring similar meanings, including hiding the ramifications, in the case of trauma, or eschewing services that aid in the rehabilitation process.
Economic Perspective
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To comprehend gun violence consequences, we cannot ignore economics. An ability to assess economic costs assists policymakers and organizations in developing cost-effective strategies and more insightful evaluations of intervention strategies. Health problems take a personal physical toll but also an economic one. Gun injuries are no exception. Society’s views on the economic consequences from violence are in desperate need of updating. Injuries, and the legal consequences they bring, are grounded within a legal-medico context, calling attention to how to punish gun violence perpetrators, particularly when focused on incapacity to work. Social scientists and helping professions have examined the human toll guns take on our society and the disproportional effect this violence has on people of color. Examining the economic costs of gun injuries does not take away from humanistic perspectives. Economics introduces trade-offs between funding the consequences of gun violence and using funds for community programs that address the root causes of inequities.
Guitar and the Rise of “Innovative” Ensembles
Authors: Swick Bill 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 includes an outline of the history of guitar education in the United States and addresses the growing popularity of guitar in the classroom, along with the many other innovative music ensembles. This chapter explains why so many music educators are being asked to teach guitar and other ensembles even though the educators were not prepared to do so while in college. The chapter also addresses the many qualities of an effective music educator—over eighty—and directs the reader to a self-reflection quiz. Getting a perfect score on this quiz is not as important as becoming aware of the qualities that you recognize within yourself and the ones that you may need to work on. The quiz and the rest of the chapter form a starting point.
Building an Infrastructure for Success
Authors: Swick Bill 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on the meaning of American author John Maxwell’s quotation, “It takes a team to build a dream.” He later wrote a book titled Teamwork Makes the Dream Work. This chapter explains that it is necessary to start by taking inventory of who is on your campus. Make a list of faculty, administration, and staff members and what their skills may be. Many of these people will have skills you may not have or time to do tasks you do not have time to do. Though each school is different, the chapter offers a listing of positions found on most campuses filled by professionals who may assist you in building a team to fulfill your dreams. Besides describing school personnel, the chapter offers effective suggestions about how to attract parents to volunteer to be on your team.
Gaining Recognition
Authors: Swick Bill 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Before dismissing the shallowness of trophies, plaques, and certificates, be mindful that administrators tend not to cancel or discontinue programs that are successful and are actively bringing recognition to their school. Chapter 3 includes thirty activities directors may do to bring recognition to their programs. This chapter includes an outline of what students may be doing to generate recognition and also introduces the need to define a line of excellence that is never compromised even during challenging years. In addition, this chapter discusses the importance of having a YouTube presence, understanding what a terrific resource YouTube is, and creating a YouTube channel. Finally, Chapter 3 promotes the need to network and provides suggestions for networking on local and national levels.
Concerts and On-Campus Performances
Authors: Swick Bill 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Learning to play a musical instrument lends itself by its nature to performing in front of others. That is just one part of the picture. Performing as an ensemble teaches collaboration, teamwork, self-confidence, and belonging to an organization that is larger than yourself. Donning the performance uniform transforms individuals into team members. Chapter 4 focuses on the steps toward performing, the importance of creating a concert season, and the tasks necessary toward building an audience. This chapter offers fifteen detailed steps to prepare for an on-campus performance. The content in this chapter should prove to be helpful in the organization required to put on a successful show and give your audiences reasons to want to attend the next performance and each one thereafter.
Solo and Ensemble and Other Festivals
Authors: Swick Bill 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
State music educators’ associations have been sponsoring solo and ensemble festivals for decades. As guitar and other innovative ensembles gain popularity, many states are creating opportunities for innovative music students to participate. Chapter 7 focuses on solo and ensemble festivals, as well as other festivals in which innovative ensembles like honor ensembles may participate. This chapter covers the steps of preparing guitar students for solo and ensemble and offers suggestions about how and where to find appropriate music, including the Texas UIL list. In addition, steps are outlined on how to prepare students for honor ensembles and how to create an honor ensemble if there is not one currently in your area.
Funding Your Program
Authors: Swick Bill 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter 9 walks you through the complexities of funding in a school setting, underlines the importance of advocating for funding where it exists, and offers ideas and practical tips for fundraisers and other financial alternatives. This chapter explains that fundraising is often another topic not covered in college when you are preparing to be a music educator yet may possibly be the single most important element in building an award-winning music program. It is rare to find award-winning music programs that are lacking in such items as materials, musical instruments, and sheet music. Fundraising is essential in building an award-winning program, and this chapter offers many solutions to finding the money needed for providing the gear students need to be successful.
Social Media and First Amendment Fault Lines
Authors: Strauss David A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The popularity of social media forces us to confront what might be called fault lines in the law of freedom of expression. These are principles that have always been a little problematic but that have arguably worked well enough with legacy media: the distinction between government and private restrictions on speech, the general protection given to false statements, the treatment of speech directed at specific individuals, and the idea that “good counsels” are an effective way to deal with harmful speech. Social media place those fault lines under stress, revealing weaknesses in existing law in a way that legacy media do not. As a result, we may have to reconfigure important First Amendment principles. But we need not say either that the First Amendment is obsolete and should be rethought from the ground up or that existing law is fully adequate to address the problems presented by social media.
The Limits of Antidiscrimination Law in the Digital Public Sphere
Authors: Lakier Genevieve 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Complaints regarding private censorship abound in the digital age, united by the underlying fear that the private companies that control platforms may use that control to distort public debate. Legislators and scholars have turned, in part, to antidiscrimination law as a potential solution. This essay argues that it would be possible and desirable to craft a constitutional nondiscrimination law for the platforms. However, such a law, if it is to be both constitutional and beneficial to the vitality of the digital public sphere, will not be able to address most of what gets described as platform censorship these days. Antidiscrimination law can require the social media companies to enforce their rules in a nondiscriminatory manner and prevent platforms from discriminating against users because of their race, gender, and sexual orientation. However, this does not achieve what most of those who advocate for antidiscrimination laws want those laws to accomplish: preventing social media companies from writing rules that shape the boundaries of public conversation. To the extent that platform power over public discourse is a legislative concern—as it surely should be—lawmakers will have to find tools from other reaches of law to cabin it.
To Reform Social Media, Reform Informational Capitalism
Authors: Balkin Jack M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Because of their business models, the most powerful new players in the digital public sphere—social media—have not become the trustworthy organizers and curators of public discussion they need to be. The result is that we have a new kind of public sphere that lacks the connective tissue of institutions and practices that are necessary to sustain the values that underlie and justify freedom of expression. The problem is not First Amendment doctrines that protect harmful speech. The problem is the health of the digital public sphere, and whether the digital public sphere adequately protects the values of political democracy, cultural democracy, and the growth and spread of knowledge. Instead of tinkering with First Amendment doctrines at the margins, we should focus on the industrial organization of digital media and the current business models of social media companies. The real battleground for reform is in competition law, privacy law, and consumer protection; hence courts must resist the expansion of First Amendment doctrines that would make it harder for Congress to regulate digital businesses.
An Exchange of Letters
Authors: Ambar Saladin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Thomas Jefferson was the first American founder to publicly engage intellectually with an African American thinker in a manner suggesting social equality. After being hired by Jefferson to survey the area that would become the nation’s capital, Banneker engaged Jefferson in a series of letters that challenged the then Secretary of State on questions of race; but the epistles also state that Banneker and Jefferson were “brethren”—a suggestion of friendship that caused political controversy for Jefferson, and made Banneker famous. Their short relationship suggested what the possibilities and limitations were for multiracial democracy in the late eighteenth century. Chapter 1 presents the limits of public interracial friendships among the founding generation, in the exchange of letters between the Black scientist Benjamin Banneker, and then Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson.
A Bestowal
Authors: Ambar Saladin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Barack Obama and Joe Biden’s friendship may be the most covered interracial friendship in modern American history. And for good reason: both men have served as president and both have been shaped by crisis, loss, and a sense of destiny. Yet, below the surface bonhomie between the forty-fourth and forty-sixth presidents of the United States is a sense of how far multiracial democracy has come over the past two centuries. It is also a relationship that raises new questions about why the symbolic value of interracial friendship may remain with us for some time.