bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardised empirical dispersal kernels emphasise the pervasiveness of long‐distance dispersal in European birds
Authors: Fandos Guillermo , Talluto Lauren , Fiedler Wolfgang , Robinson Robert A. , Thorup Kasper , Zurell Damaris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Dispersal is a key life‐history trait for most species and is essential to ensure connectivity and gene flow between populations and facilitate population viability in variable environments. Despite the increasing importance of range shifts due to global change, dispersal has proved difficult to quantify, limiting empirical understanding of this phenotypic trait and wider synthesis.

Here, we introduce a statistical framework to estimate standardised dispersal kernels from biased data. Based on this, we compare empirical dispersal kernels for European breeding birds considering age (average dispersal; natal, before first breeding; and breeding dispersal, between subsequent breeding attempts) and sex (females and males) and test whether different dispersal properties are phylogenetically conserved.

We standardised and analysed data from an extensive volunteer‐based bird ring‐recoveries database in Europe (EURING) by accounting for biases related to different censoring thresholds in reporting between countries and to migratory movements. Then, we fitted four widely used probability density functions in a Bayesian framework to compare and provide the best statistical descriptions of the different age and sex‐specific dispersal kernels for each bird species.

The dispersal movements of the 234 European bird species analysed were statistically best explained by heavy‐tailed kernels, meaning that while most individuals disperse over short distances, long‐distance dispersal is a prevalent phenomenon in almost all bird species. The phylogenetic signal in both median and long dispersal distances estimated from the best‐fitted kernel was low (Pagel's λ < 0.25), while it reached high values (Pagel's λ >0.7) when comparing dispersal distance estimates for fat‐tailed dispersal kernels. As expected in birds, natal dispersal was on average 5 km greater than breeding dispersal, but sex‐biased dispersal was not detected.

Our robust analytical framework allows sound use of widely available mark‐recapture data in standardised dispersal estimates. We found strong evidence that long‐distance dispersal is common among European breeding bird species and across life stages. The dispersal estimates offer a first guide to selecting appropriate dispersal kernels in range expansion studies and provide new avenues to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and rules underlying dispersal events.
Incidence, management, and outcome of lung cancer in patients with long‐term oxygen therapy
Authors: Lambert Timothée , El Husseini Kinan , Zysman Maeva , Duchemann Boris , Gillibert André , Campedel Luca , Dantoing Edouard , Rolland‐Debord Camille , Patout Maxime 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundHere, we aimed to assess the specific features of lung cancer in patients with long‐term oxygen therapy (LTOT), and compare their outcomes with patients suffering from lung cancer without LTOT.MethodsThis retrospective, case‐controlled study included patients with LTOT and an incident diagnosis of lung cancer treated at Rouen University Hospital.ResultsOut of 2201 patients with LTOT, 31 were diagnosed with lung cancer. Among 24 patients with proven lung cancer, the most frequent histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 12/24, 50%). Active treatment of any type was given in 19/31 (61%) and 41/62 (66%) of patients in the LTOT and control groups, respectively (p = 0.83). In the LTOT group, median survival was 38 days with best supportive care and 462 days with active treatment (p = 0.003). However, when adjusting on performance status and disease stage, LTOT was not significantly associated with a worse outcome. Hazard ratio (HR): 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87 to 2.81) (p = 0.137). Administration of any treatment was associated with a better prognostic: HR: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.19 to 0.66). Both groups had a similar treatment safety profile.ConclusionIncidence of lung cancer in patients with LTOT was comparable to the general population. The proportion of LTOT patients who received active treatment was similar to controls, and overall survival did not differ from controls in a multivariate analysis. Although reaching a histological diagnosis may be challenging in LTOT patients, the efficacy and safety of the management strategies of lung cancer seem preserved.
Microscopic anatomy of the oesophagus in the southern white‐breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) a histochemical, stereological, and scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Massoud Diaa , Abumandour Mohamed , Hamdi Hamida , Morsy Kareem , El‐kott Attalla F. , Attaallah Amany , Shalaby Fatma Mohsen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present work was designed to investigate the microscopic structure of the oesophagus in the southern white‐breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) using histochemical staining, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and stereological procedures. Four adult males were included in our study. Serial sections of the entire length of the oesophagus were stained with aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue (pH 2.5), Periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome. Then, the total volume of the oesophagus, and the total volume of its different layers, were estimated using Cavalieri's principle. The oesophageal epithelium was a non‐keratinized stratified squamous type. Muscularis mucosa was present as a thick layer between lamina propria and submucosa and its thickness was increased toward the stomach. Tunica submucosa was a loose connective tissue containing an oesophageal gland with PAS‐positive and AB‐positive reactions throughout the submucosa and become denser toward the stomach. The tunica muscularis consisted of two distinct striated muscle layers, and its thickness was decreased toward the stomach. On SEM images, the cervical and thoracic oesophagus showed shallow folding, while the abdominal part had deeper folds. The present findings indicate that the histological properties of the oesophagus in southern white‐breasted hedgehogs have slight similarities with rodents and considering its epithelium, submucosal glands and tunica muscularis more resemble with dog oesophagus. The obtained results may be quite helpful to improve the current knowledge of the histophysiology of the hedgehog gastrointestinal tract as a member of eulipotyplan mammals and as a pet for biologists and veterinarians.
Reporting and risk of bias of prediction models based on machine learning methods in preterm birth: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Qiuyu , Fan Xia , Cao Xiao , Hao Weijie , Lu Jiale , Wei Jia , Tian Jinhui , Yin Min , Ge Long 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere was limited evidence on the quality of reporting and methodological quality of prediction models using machine learning methods in preterm birth. This systematic review aimed to assess the reporting quality and risk of bias of a machine learning‐based prediction model in preterm birth.Material and methodsWe conducted a systematic review, searching the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disk, VIP Database, and WanFang Data from inception to September 27, 2021. Studies that developed (validated) a prediction model using machine learning methods in preterm birth were included. We used the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) statement and Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) to evaluate the reporting quality and the risk of bias of included studies, respectively. Findings were summarized using descriptive statistics and visual plots. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD 42022301623).ResultsTwenty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria, with 24 development‐only studies and 5 development‐with‐validation studies. Overall, TRIPOD adherence per study ranged from 17% to 79%, with a median adherence of 49%. The reporting of title, abstract, blinding of predictors, sample size justification, explanation of model, and model performance were mostly poor, with TRIPOD adherence ranging from 4% to 17%. For all included studies, 79% had a high overall risk of bias, and 21% had an unclear overall risk of bias. The analysis domain was most commonly rated as high risk of bias in included studies, mainly as a result of small effective sample size, selection of predictors based on univariable analysis, and lack of calibration evaluation.ConclusionsReporting and methodological quality of machine learning‐based prediction models in preterm birth were poor. It is urgent to improve the design, conduct, and reporting of such studies to boost the application of machine learning‐based prediction models in preterm birth in clinical practice.
Nudging to handwash during the pandemic – The use of visual priming and salience
Authors: Prasetyo Dimas Budi , Sofyan Lury , Muchtar Pyan Amin , Dewi Dwiana Fajriati 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe government has been asserting efforts to control the pandemic's infection rate by influencing people to comply with the health protocols. While these efforts aim to change people's behavior, behavior approaches like nudge are under‐utilized, which thus motivates this paper. Nudge is the form of persuasion where a simple and subtle trigger is applied to encourage expected behavior. We conducted two studies to identify the right visual cues that best increase handwashing behavior. In Study 1 (online), we created some posters with varying concepts and held an online survey with 1,648 participants. Exploiting a pre‐post design, we found that visual handwashing with foam and rhyming messages in the poster can lead to higher handwashing intention. In Study 2 (offline), we introduced four treatment types and observed the handwashing behavior of government officials and visitors using a hidden camera. With a total of 2062 people observed during the experiment, we found that while the treatment of procuring a proper facility did not yield a significant change in handwashing rate, our nudge treatment with the salient poster and salient footprints towards the sink increased the handwashing rate.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome after COVID‐19 vaccines: A Tunisian case series
Authors: Berrim Khouloud , Lakhoua Ghozlane , Zaiem Ahmed , Charfi Ons , Aouinti Imen , Kastalli Sarrah , Daghfous Riadh , El Aidli Sihem 
Published: November 2022

As the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign progresses worldwide, Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) vaccine‐related cases have been reported. We carried out a retrospective, descriptive study of GBS patients following COVID‐19 vaccine, submitted to the National Pharmacovigilance Center of Tunis during the period between March 2021 and May 2022. Our study aimed to identify epidemiological and clinical features of COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated GBS. We found 9 cases of GBS post COVID‐19 vaccination; 5 of them were excluded due to the lack of information, whereas 4 cases were included in this study. Men represented 75% (3/4) of the cases. The most frequently reported vaccine type was ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine (n = 2 reports [50%]), Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and BNT162b2 vaccine in 1. The mean time interval from vaccination to symptom onset was 15.3 days. Clinical manifestations were different: classical GBS in two cases and GBS with unilateral facial palsy in the other 2 cases. All patients were treated with a course of intravenous immunoglobulin for 5 days. Three patients reported clinical improvement while one case (25%) showed treatment‐related fluctuations. Our observations suggest that COVID‐19 vaccines may be associated with GBS. Continuous surveillance and further studies are warranted to assess the significance of the association.
The development of number line accuracy in elementary school children: A cross‐country longitudinal study
Authors: Tikhomirova Tatiana , Malykh Artem , Lysenkova Irina , Kuzmina Yulia , Malykh Sergey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNumber line accuracy (NL accuracy) shows improvement over the course of a school education. However, there are practically no cross‐country longitudinal studies of NL accuracy over the whole course of elementary school.AimsThis study investigated the developmental trajectories of NL accuracy and its types across the elementary school years in two countries—Russia and Kyrgyzstan.Sample(s)The analyses were carried out on the data collected from the sample of 508 schoolchildren at Grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 (aged 6.4–11.9 years) from Russia and Kyrgyzstan, who were surveyed as part of the ‘Cross‐cultural Longitudinal Analysis of Student Success’ project.MethodsThe participants were administered the ‘Number Line’ computerized test task and a paper‐and‐pencil ‘Standard Progressive Matrices’ test at the end of each academic year.ResultsDuring the course of the elementary school education, NL accuracy increases nonlinearly in both samples from Grade 1 to Grade 4, with a pronounced increase in the rate of improvement from the first to the second year. Cross‐country differences in NL accuracy were observed during each year of schooling as well as in the growth of NL accuracy. The development of NL accuracy is described by a model with two developmental types: (1) ‘high start and growth’ (93% of the pooled sample) and (2) ‘low start and no growth’ (7%).ConclusionsBoth NL accuracy and the rate of its growth during elementary school depend on educational conditions. Cross‐country differences in the distribution of schoolchildren by these two developmental types were statistically insignificant.
Probiotics enhances anti‐tumor immune response induced by gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy for urothelial cancer
Authors: Miyake Makito , Oda Yuki , Owari Takuya , Iida Kota , Ohnishi Sayuri , Fujii Tomomi , Nishimura Nobutaka , Miyamoto Tatsuki , Shimizu Takuto , Ohnishi Kenta , Hori Shunta , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemotherapy drugs, such as gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC), are frequently administered to patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma, however the influence of the gut microbiota on their action is unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of GC on the gut microbiome and determined whether oral supplementation with a probiotics mixture of Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve enhanced the anti‐tumor immune response. After subcutaneous inoculation with MBT2 murine bladder cancer cells, syngenic C3H mice were randomly allocated into eight groups. The gut microbiome cluster pattern was altered in both the GC and oral probiotics groups (p = 0.025). Both tumor‐bearing conditions (no treatment) and GC chemotherapy influenced Pseudoclostridium, Robinsoniella, Merdimonas, and Phocea in the gut. Furthermore, comparison of the GC‐treated and GC + probiotics groups revealed an association of four methyltransferase family enzymes and two short‐change fatty acid‐related enzymes with oral probiotics use. A significant difference in tumor volume was observed between the GC and GC + probiotics groups at week 2 of treatment. Additionally, decreased recruitment of cancer‐associated fibroblasts and regulatory T cells, and activation of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells were observed in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings reveal the positive effects of a probiotics mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in enhancing anti‐tumor effects through the gut–tumor immune response axis. Future clinical trials are needed to evaluate the full benefits of this novel supplement with oral probiotics in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.
MEK1‐dependent MondoA phosphorylation regulates glucose uptake in response to ketone bodies in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Yemin , Xu Nannan , Wu Siming , Luan Yu , Ke Huiyi , Wu Lifang , Li Yakui , Lu Ying , Xing Xindan , Tian Na , Liu Qi , Tong Lingfeng , Hu Lei , Ji Yingning , Chen Zhangbing , Zhang Ping , Tong Xuemei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Mondo family transcription factor MondoA plays a pivotal role in sensing metabolites, such as glucose, glutamine, and lactic acid, to regulate glucose metabolism and cell proliferation. Ketone bodies are important signals for reducing glucose uptake. However, it is unclear whether MondoA functions in ketone body‐regulated glucose transport. Here we reported that ketone bodies promoted MondoA nuclear translocation and binding to the promoter of its target gene TXNIP. Ketone bodies reduced glucose uptake, increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, which was impeded by MondoA knockdown. Moreover, we identified MEK1 as a novel component of the MondoA protein complex using a proteomic approach. Mechanistically, MEK1 interacted with MondoA and enhanced tyrosine 222, but not serine or threonine, phosphorylation of MondoA, inhibiting MondoA nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Ketone bodies decreased MEK1‐dependent MondoA phosphorylation by blocking MondoA and MEK1 interaction, leading to MondoA nuclear translocation, TXNIP transcription, and inhibition of glucose uptake. Therefore, our study not only demonstrated that ketone bodies reduce glucose uptake, promote apoptosis, and inhibit cell proliferation in colorectal cancer cells by regulating MondoA phosphorylation but also identified MEK1‐dependent phosphorylation as a new mechanism to manipulate MondoA activity.
Evaluation of a multidisciplinary, multimodal pain management protocol following pancreas transplantation
Authors: Lindner Brian K. , Lakhani Shahzia A. , Cooper Matthew , Nguyen Brian M. , Vranic Gayle , Yi Soo Y. , Abrams Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients undergoing solid‐organ transplantation demonstrate pain arising from both the surgical intervention and pre‐existing comorbidities. High levels of opioid use both pre‐ and post‐transplant are associated with unfavorable transplant outcomes. Patient education, multimodal therapy, and discharge planning have all been demonstrated to reduce opioid use after transplant.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective study analyzing patients before and after implementation of a multimodal, multidisciplinary pain management protocol. Morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) use during the index transplant hospitalization and the need for opioids at discharge was compared between the pre‐ and post‐protocol groups.ResultsA total of 52 patients were included in the study, 31 in the pre and 21 in the post‐protocol groups. Inpatient MME use was reduced from 135.5 to 67.5 MMEs after protocol implementation. Additionally, the number of patients discharged on opioids following transplant decreased from 90.3% to 47.6%. Pain scores, length of stay (LOS), and return of bowel function was not different between groups.ConclusionThe implementation of a multimodal, multidisciplinary pain management protocol significantly decreased opioid use during the post‐surgical hospitalization and in the 6 months following transplantation. A combination of non‐opioid analgesics, patient education, and discharge planning can be beneficial elements in pancreas transplant pain management.
Intuitive cooperators: Time pressure increases children's cooperative decisions in a modified public goods game
Authors: Corbit John , Dockrill Mya , Hartlin Stef , Moore Chris 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is mounting empirical evidence to suggest that adults are intuitively cooperative. When presented with a cooperative dilemma between self‐maximizing and benefitting the common good, decisions made quickly are more likely to be cooperative, whereas slow decisions tend to favor self‐interest. To investigate the ontogenetic origins of intuitive cooperation, we examined the development of intuitive cooperation in middle childhood. We presented 150 children (7–12 years of age) with an online child‐friendly public goods game where participants had a choice between giving two resources to themselves or four to their group. Participants were assigned to one of three decision time conditions; speeded, neutral, or delayed. We found that when decisions were speeded, children were more likely to cooperate compared to when decisions were unconstrained or delayed. Furthermore, children's intuitive choices only favored cooperation if they believed their peers were also cooperative. This pattern of findings held across the age range included in this study. Our findings suggest that in middle and late childhood, children are intuitively cooperative when making decisions to benefit the common good.Highlights
Time pressure increases children's cooperation in a public goods game, compared to when decisions are delayed or unconstrained.
Between 7 and 12 years of age children engage in costly cooperation most of the time regardless of decision time.
When children believe others are generally cooperative, their intuition is to cooperate.
From middle to late childhood, intuitive decisions favor costly cooperation towards the common good.
Transition from paediatric to adult care in young people with diabetes; A structured programme from a regional diabetes service, Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Hornung Rosalie J. , Reed Peter W. , Gunn Alistair J. , Albert Ben , Hofman Paul L. , Farrant Bridget , Jefferies Craig 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo assess participation with a structured transition programme for adolescents with diabetes.MethodsData from a regional cohort aged less than 16 years of age with type 1 (T1) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Auckland, New Zealand (2006–2016). Participation was defined as opting into a structured transition programme.ResultsFive hundrend and twelve adolescents who were to be transferred to adult care (476 type 1 (T1D) and 36 type 2 (T2D)), overall participation rate of 83%, 86% (408/476) with T1D compared to 47% (17/36) with T2D. Within the cohort of T1D, participation rates for Māori and Pacific were lower (74% and 77%, respectively) than New Zealand Europeans (88%, p = 0.020 and p = 0.039, respectively). Lower socio‐economic status was associated with reduced participation (77%) compared to higher socio‐economic status (90%, p = 0.002).Of the 476 T1D who participated, 408 (96%) subsequently attended at least one adult service clinic (“capture”). 42% attended an adult clinic within the planned 3 months, 87% at 6 months and retention in adult clinics over 5 years of follow‐up was 78%. By contrast, the 68 young people with T1D who did not participate in the structured transition had a capture rate of 78% (p < 0.001) and retention of 63% (p = 0.036).ConclusionsIn adolescents with diabetes, a formal transition from a paediatric service was associated with high rates of adult capture and subsequent retention in adult care over a 5‐year follow‐up period. Low socio‐economic status, Māori or Pacific ethnicity and T2D were associated with reduced participation in the structured transition programme.