bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early detection of risk of reading difficulties using a working memory assessment battery
Authors: Atkinson Susan J. , Martin Colin R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch suggests a role for aspects of the working memory system in reading. While much of the evidence points to a role for working memory capacity and the phonological loop, more recent work indicates a role for the central executive component, although findings remain unclear. There is an identified need for a reliable screening measure for risk of reading difficulties in children who are pre‐readers. Recent research suggests that working memory measures may contribute to such a measure in addition to existing tests of phonological ability, non‐verbal reasoning, motor skills and language. One hundred and two children aged between 56 and 69 months were assessed on measures of reading accuracy, working memory capacity, processing speed and a range of measures designed to assess central executive functioning. Linear regression, discriminant function analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to determine the predictive qualities and factor structure of the working memory assessment battery. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the working memory assessment battery was able to significantly discriminate between children who were at risk and not at risk of reading difficulties (as indicated by an independent measure). Linear regression and Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the tests were a good predictor of the later outcome, particularly the alliteration fluency and sentence verification tasks. Therefore, the working memory assessment battery promises to be a useful screening measure for potential reading difficulties in educational settings, facilitating early effective intervention.
Bro1 family proteins harmonize cargo sorting with vesicle formation
Authors: Tseng Chun‐Che , Piper Robert C. , Katzmann David J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) drive membrane remodeling in a variety of cellular processes that include the formation of endosomal intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) during multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. During MVB sorting, ESCRTs recognize ubiquitin (Ub) attached to membrane protein cargo and execute ILV formation by controlling the activities of ESCRT‐III polymers regulated by the AAA‐ATPase Vps4. Exactly how these events are coordinated to ensure proper cargo loading into ILVs remains unclear. Here we discuss recent work documenting the ability of Bro1, an ESCRT‐associated Ub‐binding protein, to coordinate ESCRT‐III and Vps4‐dependent ILV biogenesis with upstream events such as cargo recognition.
Development and validation of a prognostic model for esophageal carcinoma based on immune microenvironment using system bioinformatics
Authors: Fu Chenchun , Feng Shicheng , Wang Sheng , Su Xiangyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy that accounts for numerous cancer‐related deaths worldwide. The multimodal combination therapy approach can be potentially used to treat EC effectively. However, distinct biomarker of significant specificity are still needed to develop individualized treatment strategies and provide accurate prognostic predictions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associated genes subtypes identified were, IFN‐γDominant, Inflammatory, Lymphocyte Depleted, etc. and construct a risk model based on these genes to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients suffering from EC. Three immune subtypes were defined in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort with different tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes based on radio‐differentiated immune genes. Subsequently, a risk model of immune characteristics included the immune cell infiltration levels and pathway activity was developed based on the genomic changes between the subtypes. In the TCGA dataset, as well as in subgroup analysis with different stages, gender, age, and pathological type, a high‐risk score was identified as an adverse factor for OS using the method of the univariate Cox regression analysis and tROC analysis. Furthermore, it was observed that the high‐risk group was characterized by depleted immunophenotype, active cell metabolism, and a high tumor mutation burden (TMB). The low‐risk group was characterized by high TME abundance and active immune function. Differences in the biological genotypes may account for the differences in the prognosis and treatment response. Extensive research was carried out, and the results revealed that the low‐risk group exhibited a significant level of therapeutic advantage in the field of immunotherapy. A risk model was developed based on the immune characteristics. It can be used to optimize risk stratification for patients suffering from EC. The results can potentially help provide new perspectives on treatment methods.
Single‐image human mesh reconstruction by parallel spatial feature aggregation
Authors: Li Shasha , Liu Yuehu , Su Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecovering human mesh from a single image with natural postures is a challenging task in human modeling and animation. Model‐free methods regress the mesh vertices from the input image directly to avoid the 6‐DoF human joint extraction from the 2D image. However, the missing of the global information in spatial feature aggregation of the existing GNNs may result in the undesired deformity and inaccuracy of the recovered human mesh. To address this issue, we propose a parallel‐aggregating network with a novelly designed global layer for spatial feature extracting from random walk normalized matrix. Moreover, the coarse body mesh (head, hand, foot, etc.) provided by the coarsening network can add the human characteristic to the mesh. The local and global spatial features are aggregated to update vertice coordinates following an iterative, coarse‐to‐fine process to obtain an accurate and smooth human mesh. Experiments validated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approaches for single‐image human mesh recovery.
Sincere or exciting? Brand personality and argument quality on brand attitude
Authors: Jiao Jinfeng (Jenny) , Levin Irwin P. , Gaeth Gary J. , Chatterjee Subimal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether strong arguments provided in a commercial perform the same for exciting and sincere brands. Across three experiments, we vary brand personality (exciting versus sincere brands) and supporting argument quality (strong vs. weak), and find that consumers have more favorable attitudes toward sincere brands when the argument quality is strong rather than weak, but strong/weak argument quality does not influence consumers' attitudes toward exciting brands. The findings contribute to the existing literature on the elaboration likelihood model, sheds new light on the interaction between brand personality and argument quality, and suggest ways for advertising managers to customize content messaging in their commercials depending upon the personality of the focal brand's audience.
Regioselective Biocatalytic C4‐Prenylation of Unprotected Tryptophan Derivatives
Authors: Eggbauer Bettina , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Kerschbaumer Bianca , Macheroux Peter , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegioselective carbon−carbon bond formation belongs to the challenging tasks in organic synthesis. In this context, C−C bond formation catalyzed by 4‐dimethylallyltryptophan synthases (4‐DMATSs) represents a possible tool to regioselectively synthesize C4‐prenylated indole derivatives without site‐specific preactivation and circumventing the need of protection groups as used in chemical synthetic approaches. In this study, a toolbox of 4‐DMATSs to produce a set of 4‐dimethylallyl tryptophan and indole derivatives was identified. Using three wild‐type enzymes as well as variants, various C5‐substituted tryptophan derivatives as well as N‐methyl tryptophan were successfully prenylated with conversions up to 90 %. Even truncated tryptophan derivatives like tryptamine and 3‐indole propanoic acid were regioselectively prenylated in position C4. The acceptance of C5‐substituted tryptophan derivatives was improved up to 5‐fold by generating variants (e. g. T108S). The feasibility of semi‐preparative prenylation of selected tryptophan derivatives was successfully demonstrated on 100 mg scale at 15 mM substrate concentration, allowing to reduce the previously published multistep chemical synthetic sequence to just a single step.
Successes with metacognition: Empowering faculty and transforming student learning
Authors: Voorhees David H. , LeMay Lynsey E. , Nagy Elizabeth A. , Perez Adriana E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBringing metacognition onto college campuses is a transformational experience for students and faculty as well as their institutions. In this chapter, we share a collection of metacognitive activities and describe their value in and outside of the classroom based upon our experiences in the community college setting. These activities are easily implemented and help students take ownership of their learning.
High‐performance flexible perovskite photodetectors based on single‐crystal‐like two‐dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper thin films
Authors: Liang Chao , Gu Hao , Xia Junmin , Liu Tanghao , Mei Shiliang , Zhang Nan , Chen Yonghua , Xing Guichuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional Ruddlesden−Popper (2DRP) perovskites have attracted intense research interest for optoelectronic applications, due to their tunable optoelectronic properties and better environmental stability than their three‐dimensional counterparts. Furthermore, high‐performance photodetectors based on single‐crystal and polycrystalline thin‐films 2DRP perovskites have shown great potential for practical application. However, the complex growth process of single‐crystal membranes and uncontrollable phase distribution of polycrystalline films hinder the further development of 2DRP perovskites photodetectors. Herein, we report a series of high‐performance photodetectors based on single‐crystal‐like phase‐pure 2DRP perovskite films by designing a novel spacer source. Experimental and theoretical evidence demonstrates that phase‐pure films substantially suppress defect states and ion migration. These highly sensitive photodetectors show Ilight/Idark ratio exceeding 3 × 104, responsivities exceeding 16 A/W, and detectivities exceeding 3 × 1013 Jones, which are higher at least by 1 order than those of traditional mixed‐phase thin‐films 2DRP devices (close to the reported single‐crystal devices). More importantly, this strategy can significantly enhance the operational stability of optoelectronic devices and pave the way to large‐area flexible productions.
Beads‐on‐string hierarchical structured electrocatalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Yuan Yang , Zhang Qing , Li Yinling , Lv Luyao , Hou Yan , Li Ge , Fu Jing , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRational design of hierarchically structured electrocatalysts is particularly important for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, ZIF‐67 crystals are stringed on core–shell Ag@C nanocables using a coordination‐modulated process. Upon pyrolysis, Ag@C strings of Co nanoparticles embedded with three‐dimensional porous carbon with beads‐on‐string hierarchical structures are developed. Due to the advantages of the rich electrochemical active sites of Co‐based “beads” and the efficient electron transfer pathways via Ag@C “strings,” the resultant NH3–Ag@C@Co–N–C‐700 catalyst shows an improved electrocatalytic activity toward ORR. NH3–Ag@C@Co–N–C‐700 shows a high onset potential of 0.99 V versus RHE, a high half‐wave potential of 0.88 V versus RHE, and a large limiting current of 5.8 mA cm−2, which are better than those of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. Additionally, the NH3–Ag@C@Co–N–C‐700 catalyst shows high stability and preeminent methanol tolerance, which makes NH3–Ag@C@Co–N–C‐700 a promising catalyst for oxygen electrocatalysis in fuel cell applications.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Water‐Soluble Esterase‐Activated CO‐Releasing Molecules Targeting Mitochondria
Authors: Hemmersbach Lars , Schreiner Yannick , Zhang Xinmiao , Dicke Finn , Hünemeyer Leon , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Fleming Thomas , Yard Benito , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the beneficial effects of carbon monoxide as a cell‐protective and anti‐inflammatory agent, CO‐releasing molecules (CORMs) offer some promising potential applications in medicine. In this context, we synthesized a set of acyloxy‐cyclohexadiene‐Fe(CO)3 complexes, all displaying a N‐methyl‐pyridinium triflate moiety in the ester side chain, as mitochondria‐targeting esterase‐triggered CORM prodrugs. Whereas the compounds in which the acyloxy substituent is attached to the 2‐position of the diene‐Fe(CO)3 unit (A series) spontaneously release CO upon dissolution in phosphate buffer, which remarkably is partly suppressed in the presence of porcine liver esterase (PLE), the 1‐substituted isomers (B series) show the expected PLE‐induced release of CO (up to 3 equiv.). The biological activity of Mito‐CORMs 2/3‐B and their isophorone‐derived analogs 2/3‐A’, which also displayed PLE‐induced CO release, was assessed by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Whereas Mito‐CORMs 2/3‐B were not cytotoxic up to 500 μM (MTT assay), Mito‐CORMs 2/3‐A’ caused significant toxicity at concentrations above 50 μM. The anti‐inflammatory potential of both Mito‐CORM variants was demonstrated by concentration‐dependent down‐regulation of the pro‐inflammatory markers VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1 and CXCL1 as well as induction of HO‐1 in TNFα‐stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; western blotting and qPCR). Energy phenotyping by seahorse real‐time cell metabolic analysis, revealed opposing shifts of metabolic potentials in cells treated either with Mito‐CORMs 2/3‐B (increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activity) or Mito‐CORMs 2/3‐A’ (suppressed mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolytic activity). Thus, the Mito‐CORMs represent valuable tools for the safe and targeted delivery of CO to mitochondria as a subcellular compartment to induce positive anti‐inflammatory effects with only minor shifts in cellular energy metabolism. Also, due to their water solubility, these compounds provide a promising starting point for further pharmacological studies.
Water Sorption Controls Extreme Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Molecular Reorganization in Hydrogen Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Boer Stephanie A. , Conte Luke , Tarzia Andrew , Huxley Michael T. , Gardiner Michael G. , Appadoo Dominique R. T. , Ennis Courtney , Doonan Christian J. , Richardson Christopher , White Nicholas G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs hydrogen bonded frameworks are held together by relatively weak interactions, they often form several different frameworks under slightly different synthesis conditions and respond dynamically to stimuli such as heat and vacuum. However, these dynamic restructuring processes are often poorly understood. In this work, three isoreticular hydrogen bonded organic frameworks assembled through charge‐assisted amidinium⋅⋅⋅carboxylate hydrogen bonds (1C/C, 1Si/C and 1Si/Si) are studied. Three distinct phases for 1C/C and four for 1Si/C and 1Si/Si are fully structurally characterized. The transitions between these phases involve extreme yet recoverable molecular‐level framework reorganization. It is demonstrated that these transformations are related to water content and can be controlled by humidity, and that the non‐porous anhydrous phase of 1C/C shows reversible water sorption through single crystal to crystal restructuring. This mechanistic insight opens the way for the future use of the inherent dynamism present in hydrogen bonded frameworks.
Sustainable ternary treatment system for greywater and potential reuse
Authors: Prasad Rajnikant , Sharma Dayanand , Yadav Kunwar D. , Ibrahim Hussameldin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdopting a greywater treatment system that provides economical, effective, and sustainable treated greywater over a longer span helps to address water scarcity. The present study focuses on treating greywater generated from hostels using a floating plant treatment system (FPTS) planted with water hyacinth. The additional units, a sand filter and an activated charcoal filter, were attached in series to FPTS to improve the treated greywater quality. The treatment system was operated for 90 days with daily monitoring of influent and effluent parameters. The treatment performance was evaluated based on the removal efficiency for total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, sulphate, phosphate, and faecal coliform (FC) of 74.81% ± 5.74%, 99.76% ± 0.05%, 95.70% ± 4.10%, 99.16% ± 2.08%, 48.22% ± 1.80%, and 100%, 97.27% ± 1.48%, respectively. The study showed that the system effectively treats greywater, making it suitable for non‐potable purposes on educational institution's campuses.
Organization of neural systems expressing melanocortin‐3 receptors in the mouse brain: Evidence for sexual dimorphism
Authors: Bedenbaugh Michelle N. , Brener Samantha C. , Maldonado Jose , Lippert Rachel N. , Sweeney Patrick , Cone Roger D. , Simerly Richard B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe central melanocortin system is fundamentally important for controlling food intake and energy homeostasis. Melanocortin‐3 receptor (MC3R) is one of two major receptors of the melanocortin system found in the brain. In contrast to the well‐characterized melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R), little is known regarding the organization of MC3R‐expressing neural circuits. To increase our understanding of the intrinsic organization of MC3R neural circuits, identify specific differences between males and females, and gain a neural systems level perspective of this circuitry, we conducted a brain‐wide mapping of neurons labeled for MC3R and characterized the distribution of their projections. Analysis revealed MC3R neuronal and terminal labeling in multiple brain regions that control a diverse range of physiological functions and behavioral processes. Notably, dense labeling was observed in the hypothalamus, as well as areas that share considerable connections with the hypothalamus, including the cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and brainstem. Additionally, MC3R neuronal labeling was sexually dimorphic in several areas, including the anteroventral periventricular area, arcuate nucleus, principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and ventral premammillary region. Altogether, anatomical evidence reported here suggests that MC3R has the potential to influence several different classes of motivated behavior that are essential for survival, including ingestive, reproductive, defensive, and arousal behaviors, and is likely to modulate these behaviors differently in males and females.
A study on color conspicuity and color harmony of wayfinding signs according to outdoor environment types
Authors: Yi Ji Hyun , Jeon Junryeol 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWayfinding signs must have prominent visibility in the environment to provide people with the information they need to navigate to an intended destination. Therefore, designers seek to design signs that are clearly visible while esthetically harmonious with the ambient environment. To find highly conspicuous colors, 1632 images showing combinations of various colors and environments were created. And then evaluation factors such as sign conspicuity, color contrast, color harmony, sign color preference, and expected sign usability were tested with 33 designers. Through statistical analysis of experimental results, the colors with high conspicuity and harmony were organized in different types of environments, and all correlations between the evaluation factors were analyzed. The results showed that all evaluation factors had a significantly high correlation except color harmony. Based on these results, we conclude that when designing a sign, it should focus on increasing the sign conspicuity by using color difference rather than color harmony between the sign and the ambient environment.
Application of deep learning in the detection and practical evaluation of ski resort teaching area
Authors: Chen Xiangxian , Qi Xiang , Lyu Pin 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe teaching land of ski resorts provides learning sites for beginners of skiing. The teaching sites of different ski resorts are different. When selecting teaching scenes, we need to focus on the safety of the site. The focus of our research is to detect more suitable teaching land in the whole ski resort and evaluate its practical indicators. In order to accurately detect the teaching area in the snow field, we propose a method based on deep learning. The algorithm innovatively optimizes the convolution network. The experiment combines convolutional neural network with recurrent neural network for training, and uses the output of convolutional neural network to train recurrent neural network, so as to continuously predict the next optimal teaching area in the sequence. The purpose of training is to optimize the detection result area. The experimental results show that the model can better detect the sites suitable for teaching in the snow field.
Complete Set of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Centrosymmetrical Cofacial Stacked Pairs
Authors: Luňák Stanislav , Weiter Martin , Vala Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStacked centrosymmetrical dimers and simultaneously H‐bonded and stacked hexamers of thiophene‐substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (ThDPP) were studied using DFT as models for crystals with slipped‐stacked molecules in 1D columns. Eight stacked dimer arrangements were found, six of which are driven by the minimisation of electron repulsion and realised by placing the partially negatively charged atoms of the diketopyrrolopyrrole rings below the centre of an adjacent thiophene ring. Four of these stacks are related to N,N'‐dialkylated derivatives of ThDPP found in the literature, while a further one is related to an N,N'‐diacylated derivative. An analogous set of eight stacks was discovered computationally for phenyl‐substituted DPP (PhDPP), four of which are known among H‐bonded DPP pigments, and one more among N,N'‐dialkylated PhDPP derivatives. The results shed more light on the mechanisms that drive the formation of stacks between nonaromatic (DPP) and aromatic (Th, Ph) rings. The excitation energies of the lowest four singlet states computed by TD DFT enabled excitonic coupling and energy separation between Frenkel‐resonance‐type and charge‐transfer states to be established, depending on the equilibrium stack geometry.
Public participation in peace negotiations between the Colombian government and the National Liberation Army (ELN): An opportunity to redress power asymmetry and enhance the insurgents' readiness
Authors: Mouly Cécile , Hernández Delgado Esperanza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article examines the centrality of the participation of society in the peace process between the Colombian government and the National Liberation Army (ELN) that initiated during the Santos administration, in the light of readiness theory. It does so on the basis of over 60 interviews with key respondents, documents from delegations to the negotiating table, as well as secondary sources. It analyses the importance of this point for the ELN on ideological and pragmatic grounds, and the government's perspective on it. It argues that such a participation was key to rebalance the perceived power asymmetry between the government and ELN, increasing this guerrilla group's optimism about a dignified exit and hence its readiness to engage in talks. In particular, the ELN considered that, by making social groups stakeholders in the peace process, these groups could put pressure on the government to agree on, and implement, provisions towards social transformation. In so doing, this article contributes to debates on how to enhance weaker parties' readiness to negotiate an end to internal armed conflict, as well as on how public participation in peace processes could be useful in this regard.