bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model Estimates of China's Terrestrial Water Storage Variation Due To Reservoir Operation
Authors: Dong Ningpeng , Wei Jianhui , Yang Mingxiang , Yan Denghua , Yang Chuanguo , Gao Hongkai , Arnault Joël , Laux Patrick , Zhang Xuejun , Liu Yujie , Niu Jun , Wang Hejia , Wang Hao , Kunstmann Harald , Yu Zhongbo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the role of reservoirs in the terrestrial water cycle is critical to support the sustainable management of water resources especially for China where reservoirs have been extensively built nationwide. However, this has been a scientific challenge due to the limited availability of continuous, long‐term reservoir operation records at large scales, and a process‐based modeling tool to accurately depict reservoirs as part of the terrestrial water cycle is still lacking. Here, we develop a continental‐scale land surface‐hydrologic model over the mainland China by explicitly representing 3,547 reservoirs in the model with a calibration‐free conceptual operation scheme for ungauged reservoirs and a hydrodynamically based two‐way coupled scheme. The model is spatially calibrated and then extensively validated against streamflow observations, reservoir storage observations and GRACE‐based terrestrial water storage anomalies. A 30‐year simulation is then performed to quantify the seasonal dynamics of China’s reservoir water storage (RWS) and its role in China's terrestrial water storage (TWS) over recent decades. We estimate that, over a seasonal cycle, China's RWS variation is 15%, 16%, and 25% of TWS variation during 1981–1990, 1991–2000, and 2001–2010, respectively, and one‐fifth of China’s reservoir capacity are effectively used annually. In most regions, reservoirs play a growing role in modulating the water cycle over time. Despite that, an estimated 80 million people have faced increasing water resources challenges in the past decades due to the significantly weakened reservoir regulation of the water cycle. Our approaches and findings could help the government better address the water security challenges under environmental changes.
Hsp90 induces Acsl4-dependent glioma ferroptosis via dephosphorylating Ser637 at Drp1
Authors: Miao Zong , Tian Wei , Ye Yangfan , Gu Wei , Bao Zhongyuan , Xu Lei , Sun Guangchi , Li Chong , Tu Yiming , Chao Honglu , Lam Sin Man , Liu Ning , Ji Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by the iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, but its mechanism in gliomas remains elusive. Acyl–coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase long-chain family member 4 (Acsl4), a pivotal enzyme in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis, benefits the initiation of ferroptosis, but its role in gliomas needs further clarification. Erastin, a classic inducer of ferroptosis, has recently been found to regulate lipid peroxidation by regulating Acsl4 other than glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in ferroptosis. In this study, we demonstrated that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) actively regulated and stabilized Acsl4 expression in erastin-induced ferroptosis in gliomas. Hsp90 overexpression and calcineurin (CN)–mediated Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 637 (Ser637) promoted ferroptosis by altering mitochondrial morphology and increasing Acsl4-mediated lipid peroxidation. Importantly, promotion of the Hsp90–Acsl4 pathway augmented anticancer activity of erastin in vitro and in vivo. Our discovery reveals a novel and efficient approach to ferroptosis-mediated glioma therapy.
Clinical and morphological characteristics of patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane with foveal herniation
Authors: Uzel Mehmet Murat , Gelisken Faik , Konrad Eva , Neubauer Jonas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To analyse the clinical and morphological characteristics of eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) and foveal herniation (FH).

Methods
Clinical findings and OCT features of patients with iERM and FH were retrospectively analysed. Primary outcome were changes of the best-corrected-visual-acuity (BCVA) and OCT features from baseline to the last visit. FH patients were divided into two groups based on herniated layers: ganglion cell complex (GCC)-group and sub-GCC-group. Surgical outcome was also assessed.

Results
In this study, 3882 patients with iERM were screened, of whom 51 (1.3%) were identified with FH. The GCC-group (n = 16) had a better baseline BCVA and thinner central foveal thickness (CFT) in comparison to the sub-GCC-group (n = 35) but without statistical significance (p = 0.330, p = 0.417, respectively). The postoperative BCVA-improvement was similar between the two groups (p = 0.280). Fibrillary surface changes were detected in 42/51 (82.3%) patients, significantly more often in the sub-GCC group (p = 0.020). The baseline BCVA was a predictive factor for the postoperative vision change.

Conclusion
FH presents with a unique macular morphology in eyes with iERM. Affected eyes experience varying visual disturbances based on the involvement of the inner retinal layers in the foveal herniation. Macular surgery is successful in restoring vision, even though foveal morphology does not fully recover.
A long-acting interleukin-7, rhIL-7-hyFc, enhances CAR T cell expansion, persistence, and anti-tumor activity
Authors: Kim Miriam Y. , Jayasinghe Reyka , Devenport Jessica M. , Ritchey Julie K. , Rettig Michael P. , O’Neal Julie , Staser Karl W. , Kennerly Krista M. , Carter Alun J. , Gao Feng , Lee Byung Ha , Cooper Matthew L. , DiPersio John F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is routinely used to treat patients with refractory hematologic malignancies. However, a significant proportion of patients experience suboptimal CAR T cell cytotoxicity and persistence that can permit tumor cell escape and disease relapse. Here we show that a prototype pro-lymphoid growth factor is able to enhance CAR T cell efficacy. We demonstrate that a long-acting form of recombinant human interleukin-7 (IL-7) fused with hybrid Fc (rhIL-7-hyFc) promotes proliferation, persistence and cytotoxicity of human CAR T cells in xenogeneic mouse models, and murine CAR T cells in syngeneic mouse models, resulting in long-term tumor-free survival. Thus, rhIL-7-hyFc represents a tunable clinic-ready adjuvant for improving suboptimal CAR T cell activity.
Neurotoxic amyloidogenic peptides in the proteome of SARS-COV2: potential implications for neurological symptoms in COVID-19
Authors: Charnley Mirren , Islam Saba , Bindra Guneet K. , Engwirda Jeremy , Ratcliffe Julian , Zhou Jiangtao , Mezzenga Raffaele , Hulett Mark D. , Han Kyunghoon , Berryman Joshua T. , Reynolds Nicholas P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, neurological symptoms such as memory loss, sensory confusion, severe headaches, and even stroke are reported in up to 30% of cases and can persist even after the infection is over (long COVID). These neurological symptoms are thought to be produced by the virus infecting the central nervous system, however we don’t understand the molecular mechanisms triggering them. The neurological effects of COVID-19 share similarities to neurodegenerative diseases in which the presence of cytotoxic aggregated amyloid protein or peptides is a common feature. Following the hypothesis that some neurological symptoms of COVID-19 may also follow an amyloid etiology we identified two peptides from the SARS-CoV-2 proteome that self-assemble into amyloid assemblies. Furthermore, these amyloids were shown to be highly toxic to neuronal cells. We suggest that cytotoxic aggregates of SARS-CoV-2 proteins may trigger neurological symptoms in COVID-19.
Linking individual differences in human primary visual cortex to contrast sensitivity around the visual field
Authors: Himmelberg Marc M. , Winawer Jonathan , Carrasco Marisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA central question in neuroscience is how the organization of cortical maps relates to perception, for which human primary visual cortex (V1) is an ideal model system. V1 nonuniformly samples the retinal image, with greater cortical magnification (surface area per degree of visual field) at the fovea than periphery and at the horizontal than vertical meridian. Moreover, the size and cortical magnification of V1 varies greatly across individuals. Here, we used fMRI and psychophysics in the same observers to quantify individual differences in V1 cortical magnification and contrast sensitivity at the four polar angle meridians. Across observers, the overall size of V1 and localized cortical magnification positively correlated with contrast sensitivity. Moreover, greater cortical magnification and higher contrast sensitivity at the horizontal than the vertical meridian were strongly correlated. These data reveal a link between cortical anatomy and visual perception at the level of individual observer and stimulus location.
Ribosome profiling reveals multiple roles of SecA in cotranslational protein export
Authors: Zhu Zikun , Wang Shuai , Shan Shu-ou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSecA, an ATPase known to posttranslationally translocate secretory proteins across the bacterial plasma membrane, also binds ribosomes, but the role of SecA’s ribosome interaction has been unclear. Here, we used a combination of ribosome profiling methods to investigate the cotranslational actions of SecA. Our data reveal the widespread accumulation of large periplasmic loops of inner membrane proteins in the cytoplasm during their cotranslational translocation, which are specifically recognized and resolved by SecA in coordination with the proton motive force (PMF). Furthermore, SecA associates with 25% of secretory proteins with highly hydrophobic signal sequences at an early stage of translation and mediates their cotranslational transport. In contrast, the chaperone trigger factor (TF) delays SecA engagement on secretory proteins with weakly hydrophobic signal sequences, thus enforcing a posttranslational mode of their translocation. Our results elucidate the principles of SecA-driven cotranslational protein translocation and reveal a hierarchical network of protein export pathways in bacteria.
Variants in ASPH cause exertional heat illness and are associated with malignant hyperthermia susceptibility
Authors: Endo Yukari , Groom Linda , Celik Alper , Kraeva Natalia , Lee Chang Seok , Jung Sung Yun , Gardner Lois , Shaw Marie-Anne , Hamilton Susan L. , Hopkins Philip M. , Dirksen Robert T. , Riazi Sheila , Dowling James J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExertional heat illness (EHI) and malignant hyperthermia (MH) are life threatening conditions associated with muscle breakdown in the setting of triggering factors including volatile anesthetics, exercise, and high environmental temperature. To identify new genetic variants that predispose to EHI and/or MH, we performed genomic sequencing on a cohort with EHI/MH and/or abnormal caffeine-halothane contracture test. In five individuals, we identified rare, pathogenic heterozygous variants in ASPH, a gene encoding junctin, a regulator of excitation-contraction coupling. We validated the pathogenicity of these variants using orthogonal pre-clinical models, CRISPR-edited C2C12 myotubes and transgenic zebrafish. In total, we demonstrate that ASPH variants represent a new cause of EHI and MH susceptibility.
Solving groundwater depletion in India while achieving food security
Authors: Devineni Naresh , Perveen Shama , Lall Upmanu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSignificant groundwater depletion in regions where grains are procured for public distribution is a primary sustainability challenge in India. We identify specific changes in the Indian Government’s Procurement & Distribution System as a primary solution lever. Irrigation, using groundwater, facilitated by subsidized electricity, is seen as vital for meeting India’s food security goals. Using over a century of daily climate data and recent spatially detailed economic, crop yield, and related parameters, we use an optimization model to show that by shifting the geographies where crops are procured from and grown, the government’s procurement targets could be met on average even without irrigation, while increasing net farm income and arresting groundwater depletion. Allowing irrigation increases the average net farm income by 30%. The associated reduction in electricity subsidies in areas with significant groundwater depletion can help offset the needed spatial re-distribution of farm income, a key political obstacle to changes in the procurement system.
Creating boundaries along a synthetic frequency dimension
Authors: Dutt Avik , Yuan Luqi , Yang Ki Youl , Wang Kai , Buddhiraju Siddharth , Vučković Jelena , Fan Shanhui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSynthetic dimensions have garnered widespread interest for implementing high dimensional classical and quantum dynamics on low-dimensional geometries. Synthetic frequency dimensions, in particular, have been used to experimentally realize a plethora of bulk physics effects. However, in synthetic frequency dimension there has not been a demonstration of a boundary which is of paramount importance in topological physics due to the bulk-edge correspondence. Here we construct boundaries in the frequency dimension of dynamically modulated ring resonators by strongly coupling an auxiliary ring. We explore various effects associated with such boundaries, including confinement of the spectrum of light, discretization of the band structure, and the interaction of boundaries with one-way chiral modes in a quantum Hall ladder, which exhibits topologically robust spectral transport. Our demonstration of sharp boundaries fundamentally expands the capability of exploring topological physics, and has applications in classical and quantum information processing in synthetic frequency dimensions.
Enhanced cortical neural stem cell identity through short SMAD and WNT inhibition in human cerebral organoids facilitates emergence of outer radial glial cells
Authors: Rosebrock Daniel , Arora Sneha , Mutukula Naresh , Volkman Rotem , Gralinska Elzbieta , Balaskas Anastasios , Aragonés Hernández Amèlia , Buschow René , Brändl Björn , Müller Franz-Josef , Arndt Peter F. , Vingron Martin , Elkabetz Yechiel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCerebral organoids exhibit broad regional heterogeneity accompanied by limited cortical cellular diversity despite the tremendous upsurge in derivation methods, suggesting inadequate patterning of early neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we show that a short and early Dual SMAD and WNT inhibition course is necessary and sufficient to establish robust and lasting cortical organoid NSC identity, efficiently suppressing non-cortical NSC fates, while other widely used methods are inconsistent in their cortical NSC-specification capacity. Accordingly, this method selectively enriches for outer radial glia NSCs, which cyto-architecturally demarcate well-defined outer sub-ventricular-like regions propagating from superiorly radially organized, apical cortical rosette NSCs. Finally, this method culminates in the emergence of molecularly distinct deep and upper cortical layer neurons, and reliably uncovers cortex-specific microcephaly defects. Thus, a short SMAD and WNT inhibition is critical for establishing a rich cortical cell repertoire that enables mirroring of fundamental molecular and cyto-architectural features of cortical development and meaningful disease modelling.
Estimation of tumor cell total mRNA expression in 15 cancer types predicts disease progression
Authors: Cao Shaolong , Wang Jennifer R. , Ji Shuangxi , Yang Peng , Dai Yaoyi , Guo Shuai , Montierth Matthew D. , Shen John Paul , Zhao Xiao , Chen Jingxiao , Lee Jaewon James , Guerrero Paola A. , Spetsieris Nicholas , Engedal Nikolai , Taavitsainen Sinja , Yu Kaixian , Livingstone Julie , Bhandari Vinayak , Hubert Shawna M. , Daw Najat C. , Futreal P. Andrew , Efstathiou Eleni , Lim Bora , Viale Andrea , Zhang Jianjun , Nykter Matti , Czerniak Bogdan A. , Brown Powel H. , Swanton Charles , Msaouel Pavlos , Maitra Anirban , Kopetz Scott , Campbell Peter , Speed Terence P. , Boutros Paul C. , Zhu Hongtu , Urbanucci Alfonso , Demeulemeester Jonas , Van Loo Peter , Wang Wenyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing studies have suggested that total mRNA content correlates with tumor phenotypes. Technical and analytical challenges, however, have so far impeded at-scale pan-cancer examination of total mRNA content. Here we present a method to quantify tumor-specific total mRNA expression (TmS) from bulk sequencing data, taking into account tumor transcript proportion, purity and ploidy, which are estimated through transcriptomic/genomic deconvolution. We estimate and validate TmS in 6,590 patient tumors across 15 cancer types, identifying significant inter-tumor variability. Across cancers, high TmS is associated with increased risk of disease progression and death. TmS is influenced by cancer-specific patterns of gene alteration and intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity as well as by pan-cancer trends in metabolic dysregulation. Taken together, our results indicate that measuring cell-type-specific total mRNA expression in tumor cells predicts tumor phenotypes and clinical outcomes.
Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit
Authors: Joutsa Juho , Moussawi Khaled , Siddiqi Shan H. , Abdolahi Amir , Drew William , Cohen Alexander L. , Ross Thomas J. , Deshpande Harshawardhan U. , Wang Henry Z. , Bruss Joel , Stein Elliot A. , Volkow Nora D. , Grafman Jordan H. , van Wijngaarden Edwin , Boes Aaron D. , Fox Michael D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDrug addiction is a public health crisis for which new treatments are urgently needed. In rare cases, regional brain damage can lead to addiction remission. These cases may be used to identify therapeutic targets for neuromodulation. We analyzed two cohorts of patients addicted to smoking at the time of focal brain damage (cohort 1 n = 67; cohort 2 n = 62). Lesion locations were mapped to a brain atlas and the brain network functionally connected to each lesion location was computed using human connectome data (n = 1,000). Associations with addiction remission were identified. Generalizability was assessed using an independent cohort of patients with focal brain damage and alcohol addiction risk scores (n = 186). Specificity was assessed through comparison to 37 other neuropsychological variables. Lesions disrupting smoking addiction occurred in many different brain locations but were characterized by a specific pattern of brain connectivity. This pattern involved positive connectivity to the dorsal cingulate, lateral prefrontal cortex, and insula and negative connectivity to the medial prefrontal and temporal cortex. This circuit was reproducible across independent lesion cohorts, associated with reduced alcohol addiction risk, and specific to addiction metrics. Hubs that best matched the connectivity profile for addiction remission were the paracingulate gyrus, left frontal operculum, and medial fronto-polar cortex. We conclude that brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a specific human brain circuit and that hubs in this circuit provide testable targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.
A novel method for assessing and measuring homophily in networks through second-order statistics
Authors: Apollonio Nicola , Franciosa Paolo G. , Santoni Daniele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present a new method for assessing and measuring homophily in networks whose nodes have categorical attributes, namely when the nodes of networks come partitioned into classes (colors). We probe this method in two different classes of networks: (i) protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, where nodes correspond to proteins, partitioned according to their functional role, and edges represent functional interactions between proteins (ii) Pokec on-line social network, where nodes correspond to users, partitioned according to their age, and edges respresent friendship between users.Similarly to other classical and well consolidated approaches, our method compares the relative edge density of the subgraphs induced by each class with the corresponding expected relative edge density under a null model. The novelty of our approach consists in prescribing an endogenous null model, namely, the sample space of the null model is built on the input network itself. This allows us to give exact explicit expression for the $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-score of the relative edge density of each class as well as other related statistics. The $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-scores directly quantify the statistical significance of the observed homophily via Čebyšëv inequality. The expression of each $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-score is entered by the network structure through basic combinatorial invariant such as the number of subgraphs with two spanning edges. Each $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-score is computed in $$O(n+m)$$

O
(
n
+
m
)

time for a network with n nodes and m edges. This leads to an overall efficient computational method for assesing homophily. We complement the analysis of homophily/heterophily by considering $${\mathbf {z}}$$
z
-scores of the number of isolated nodes in the subgraphs induced by each class, that are computed in O(nm) time. Theoretical results are then exploited to show that, as expected, both the analyzed network classes are significantly homophilic with respect to the considered node properties.
Impact of urbanisation and environmental factors on spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases during the early phase of epidemic in Singapore
Authors: Gurram Murali Krishna , Wang Min Xian , Wang Yi-Chen , Pang Junxiong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeographical weighted regression (GWR) can be used to explore the COVID-19 transmission pattern between cases. This study aimed to explore the influence from environmental and urbanisation factors, and the spatial relationship between epidemiologically-linked, unlinked and imported cases during the early phase of the epidemic in Singapore. Spatial relationships were evaluated with GWR modelling. Community COVID-19 cases with residential location reported from 21st January 2020 till 17th March 2020 were considered for analyses. Temperature, relative humidity, population density and urbanisation are the variables used as exploratory variables for analysis. ArcGIS was used to process the data and perform geospatial analyses. During the early phase of COVID-19 epidemic in Singapore, significant but weak correlation of temperature with COVID-19 incidence (significance 0.5–1.5) was observed in several sub-zones of Singapore. Correlations between humidity and incidence could not be established. Across sub-zones, high residential population density and high levels of urbanisation were associated with COVID-19 incidence. The incidence of COVID-19 case types (linked, unlinked and imported) within sub-zones varied differently, especially those in the western and north-eastern regions of Singapore. Areas with both high residential population density and high levels of urbanisation are potential risk factors for COVID-19 transmission. These findings provide further insights for directing appropriate resources to enhance infection prevention and control strategies to contain COVID-19 transmission.