bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Millennial Generation Left Behind? Inter-Cohort Labour Income Inequality in a Context of Economic Shock
Authors: Escalonilla Marta , Cueto Begoña , Pérez-Villadóniga María José 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper provides new evidence on how intergenerational income inequality evolves during the period 2005–2019. Using the Continuous Sample of Working Histories (CSWH), which includes administrative data about working lives and personal characteristics of Spanish workers, we shed light on the effect of the Great Recession on income inequality between cohorts in Spain. As a proxy of income, we employ monthly earnings data, provided by the CSWH. From a life course approach, we use two age-period-cohort (APC) models which allow us to separately identify three components: cohort, age and period effects. First, we examine relative earnings which will reveal whether there are income differences between generations. Second, we measure how absolute earnings have developed over time. Our results suggest that some generations are more disadvantaged in terms of income by their year of birth than others. Likewise, the evidence points out that the economic context experienced by a generation in their transition to the labour market is a key factor in the development of their income.
PET/MR Imaging of a Lung Metastasis Model of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with (2S,4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine
Authors: Pollard Alyssa C. , Paolillo Vincenzo , Radaram Bhasker , Qureshy Sarah , Li Li , Maity Tapati , Wang Lei , Uddin Md. Nasir , Wood Christopher G. , Karam Jose A. , Pagel Mark D. , Piwnica-Worms David , Millward Steven W. , Fowlkes Natalie Wall , Norton William , Engel Brian J. , Pisaneschi Federica , Zacharias Niki M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeMetabolic reprogramming plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Currently, positron emission tomography (PET) reporters are not used clinically to visualize altered glutamine metabolism in ccRCC, which greatly hinders detection, staging, and real-time therapeutic assessment. We sought to determine if (2S,4R)-4-[18F]fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln) could be used to interrogate altered glutamine metabolism in ccRCC lesions in the lung.ProceduresWe generated a novel ccRCC lung lesion model using the ccRCC cell line UMRC3 stably transfected with GFP and luciferase constructs. This cell line was used for characterization of [18F]FGln uptake and retention by transport analysis in cell culture and by PET/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in animal models. Tumor growth in animal models was monitored using bioluminescence (BLI) and MRI. After necropsy, UMRC3 tumor growth in lung tissue was verified by fluorescence imaging and histology.ResultsIn UMRC3 cells, [18F]FGln cell uptake was twofold higher than cell uptake in normal kidney HEK293 cells. Tracer cell uptake was reduced by 60–90% in the presence of excess glutamine in the media and by 20–50% upon treatment with V-9302, an inhibitor of the major glutamine transporter alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2). Furthermore, in UMRC3 cells, [18F]FGln cell uptake was reduced by siRNA knockdown of ASCT2 to levels obtained by the addition of excess exogenous glutamine. Conversely, [18F]FGln cellular uptake was increased in the presence of the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. Using simultaneous PET/MRI for visualization, retention of [18F]FGlnin vivoin ccRCC lung tumors was 1.5-fold greater than normal lung tissue and twofold greater than muscle. In ccRCC lung tumors, [18F]FGln retention did not change significantly upon treatment with CB-839.ConclusionsWe report one of the first direct orthotopic mouse models of ccRCC lung lesions. Using PET/MR imaging, lung tumors were easily discerned from normal tissue. Higher uptake of [18F]FGln was observed in a ccRCC cell line and lung lesions compared to HEK293 cells and normal lung tissue, respectively. [18F]FGln cell uptake was modulated by exogenous glutamine, V-9302, siRNA knockdown of ASCT2, and CB-839. Interestingly, in a pilot therapeutic study with CB-839, we observed no difference in treated tumors relative to untreated controls. This was in contrast with cellular studies, where CB-839 increased glutamine uptake.
Numerical modelling of the effects of foundation scour on the response of a bridge pier
Authors: Ciancimino Andrea , Anastasopoulos Ioannis , Foti Sebastiano , Gajo Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFoundation scour can have a detrimental effect on the performance of bridge piers, inducing a significant reduction of the lateral capacity of the footing and accumulation of permanent settlement and rotation. Although the hydraulic processes responsible for foundation scour are nowadays well known, predicting their mechanical consequences is still challenging. Indeed, its impact on the failure mechanisms developing around the foundation has not been fully investigated. In this paper, numerical simulations are performed to study the vertical and lateral response of a scoured bridge pier founded on a cylindrical caisson foundation embedded in a layer of dense sand. The sand stress–strain behaviour is reproduced by employing the Severn-Trent model. The constitutive model is firstly calibrated on a set of soil element tests, including drained and undrained monotonic triaxial tests and resonant column tests. The calibration procedure is implemented considering the stress and strain nonuniformities within the samples, by simulating the laboratory tests as boundary value problems. The numerical model is then validated against the results of centrifuge tests. The results of the simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of foundation capacity and settlement accumulation. Moreover, the model can predict the effects of local and general scour. The numerical analyses also highlight the impact of scouring on the failure mechanisms, revealing that the soil resistance depends on the hydraulic scenario.
Investigation of the friction behavior between dry/infiltrated glass fiber fabric and metal sheet during deep drawing of fiber metal laminates
Authors: Kruse Moritz , Werner Henrik O. , Chen Hui , Mennecart Thomas , Liebig Wilfried V. , Weidenmann Kay A. , Ben Khalifa Noomane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring deep drawing processes of fiber metal laminates, such as the newly developed in-situ hybridization process, fibers and metal sheets come into contact while the dry fabric is infiltrated by a reactive matrix system. The viscosity of the matrix increases as polymerization starts during deep-drawing. In the in-situ hybridization process, a dry fiber metal laminate is deep drawn while a thermoplastic matrix system is injected into the glass fiber fabric layer in a resin transfer molding process. During forming of the fiber metal laminate, friction occurs in tangential direction to the metal sheet. The friction plays the main role in preventing the elongation of the sheets in the deep drawing process. Therefore, the measurement of friction coefficients between fibers and metal sheets is essential. In this paper, the friction between sheet metal and dry or infiltrated glass fiber fabric under high contact pressures of 1.67 MPa, as occurring in deep drawing processes, is characterized. A modified strip drawing test setup is used to analyze the coefficient of friction under a constant high contact pressure. Compression tests were performed to show that Coulomb friction can be assumed. Different types of glass fiber fabrics and liquids with defined viscosities are used. It was found that fluids with higher viscosity decrease the friction coefficients in the interface, which is physically explained. For the in-situ hybridization process, it is deduced that with low viscosities, a better infiltration is achieved, while higher viscosities reduce the friction coefficient for better formability.
Implementation of an on-site simulation programme during COVID-19 and the assessment of its impact on medical students’ competence
Authors: McInerney Niall James , Khan Mohammad Faraz , Coady Laoise , Dalli Jeffrey , Stokes Maurice , Donnelly Suzzane , Heneghan Helen , Cahill Ronan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 has greatly impacted medical students’ clinical education. This study evaluates the usefulness of a rapidly implemented on-site simulation programme deployed to supplement our disrupted curriculum.

Methods
Students on surgical rotations received 4-hour tutor-led simulated patient sessions (involving mannikins with remote audio-visual observation) respecting hospital and public health protocols. Attitudes were questionnaire-assessed before and after. Independent, blinded, nonacademic clinicians scored students’ clinical competencies by observing real patient interactions using the surgical ward assessment tool in a representative sample versus those completing same duration medicine clinical rotations without simulation (Mann–Whitney U testing, p < 0.05 denoting significance) with all students receiving the same surgical e-learning resources and didactic teaching.

Results
A total of 220 students underwent simulation training, comprising 96 hours of scheduled direct teaching. Prior to commencement, 15 students (7% of 191 completing the survey) admitted anxiety, mainly due to clinical inexperience, with only two (1%) anxious re on-site spreading/contracting of COVID-19. A total of 66 students (30%, 38 females and 29 graduate entrants) underwent formal competency assessment by clinicians from ten specialties at two clinical sites. Those who received simulation training (n = 35) were judged significantly better at history taking (p = 0.004) and test ordering (p = 0.01) but not clinical examination, patient drug chart assessment, or differential diagnosis formulation. Of 75 students providing subsequent feedback, 88% stated simulation beneficial (notably for history taking and physical examination skills in 63%) with 83% advocating for more.

Conclusion
Our rapidly implemented simulation programme for undergraduate medical students helped mitigate pandemic restrictions, enabling improved competence despite necessarily reduced clinical activity encouraging further development.
Shortage of Skilled Labor, Unions and the Wage Premium: A Regression Analysis with Establishment Panel Data for Germany
Authors: Kölling Arnd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe author investigates the different influences of labor shortage on wages in firms with or without collective bargaining agreements. In addition to training, technological solutions, and organizational flexibility, employers can also offer higher wages at a constant employment level to fill vacancies if the current payments are lower than the marginal revenue of the workers. Firms with collective bargaining agreements probably already pay wages according to marginal revenue or, in the case of rent sharing, above it, and the remuneration is probably also not adjusted. Using wage regressions with panel data for German establishments, this paper shows that collective bargaining and a lack of skilled workers can lead to higher wages. However, the latter only applies to firms that are not bound by collective agreements. Hence, wage differentials between these firms decrease, providing further explanation for a countercyclical development of the wage premium from the collective bargaining agreement.
Correct path to use flumes in water resources management
Authors: Vanani Hamid Raeisi , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe hydraulic characteristics of the flow are measured using tools such as flumes, in the design and evaluation of furrow irrigation systems. Proper use of these tools, such as their immersion while working, is one of the important executive points in this field; in this study, trapezoidal flumes are used to measure the intensity of input and output flow in furrow irrigation. The proper method of installing these flumes was investigated in this article. For this purpose, during 60 irrigation operations, the results showed that in order to create free flow conditions in these flumes, and not to affect the downstream and upstream current, as well as increasing the accuracy of measurements, in addition to installing flumes in all directions, trapezoidal flume should be installed at a height of at least about 4 cm above the furrow bed; according to the irrigation operations, the percentage of immersion in the installation of the flume at a height of 4 cm from the furrow bed was observed as standard (less than 70% immersion) in order to reduce the percentage of flow measurement error in different depths of water entering the flume. The results also showed that for ensuring free flow in trapezoidal flumes, the flume should be installed at a height of 4 cm or more above the furrow bed, provided the input ridges are strengthened and the end flume is measured to measure the inflow to the furrow. The output current of the furrow should be installed in the floor of the furrow along the bed to prevent the passage of current, provided that after the outflow flume, the furrow bed should be deeper in terms of free flow. Observance of the points and results obtained in this study in furrow irrigation systems prevents errors in flow measurement and consequently increases the accuracy in the design and evaluation of furrow irrigation systems.
Preliminary analysis of the preparation of Polish water utilities to implement mandatory risk management in accordance with the Drinking Water Directive 2020/2184
Authors: Ramm Klara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe new Directive 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and the Council on the quality of water intended for human consumption (EU, Official J EU 23.12.2020.435, 2020) is to be transposed into the local law of all Member States by 2023 and its implementation will start thereafter. Therefore, it is important to identify what are the water utilities' greatest concerns. The Chamber of Commerce "Polish Waterworks" conducted two surveys among its members, aimed at understanding the needs of the water supply sector in the context of the new requirements of the directive. The surveys were conducted one year apart. The first in January 2019, the second in January 2020, when the new directive has not yet been adopted; however, its content was known to a close approximation. The article focuses on the issues of risk-based management, presents the responses of water companies, and indicates their needs. The research results indicate not only financial needs. A major challenge is the development of knowledge and competencies in the field of risk management in the water supply system. Enterprises need substantive support and their situation, despite the Chamber's actions, does not improve significantly. Surveys indicate the need for expert training and support in assessing and managing risks in water systems. It is necessary to reach the smallest entities with knowledge and support.
Political Theory of the Digital Constellation
Authors: Berg Sebastian , Staemmler Daniel , Thiel Thorsten 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe introductory contribution to this special issue on “Political Theory of the Digital Constellation” addresses the conditions and possibilities of political theory’s engagement with digital developments. The motivation for this inquiry is the growing interest in questions of political theory arising from the digital transformation, as well as the acknowledgement that digitalisation not only changes politics, but conversely that politics also shapes digitalisation. The article identifies three pitfalls of previous engagement: The narrowing of the subject of “digitalisation” to the topic of the “internet” and, thereby, to the aspect of communication, the disregard for the technicality of the digital, and the insufficient recognition that (digital) technology is political. To avoid these pitfalls, the research perspective of the digital constellation is presented. The digital constellation serves as an epistemological guide that helps to structure theoretical reflection on the interrelationship between digitalisation and political questions. Ultimately, the outlines of the political theory in the digital constellation become clear in the fourteen contributions of the special volume, which are presented in conclusion.
In Vivo Genome-Wide PGR Binding in Pregnant Human Myometrium Identifies Potential Regulators of Labor
Authors: Dotts Ariel J. , Reiman Derek , Yin Ping , Kujawa Stacy , Grobman William A. , Dai Yang , Bulun Serdar E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract The alterations in myometrial biology during labor are not well understood. The myometrium is the contractile portion of the uterus and contributes to labor, a process that may be regulated by the steroid hormone progesterone. Thus, human myometrial tissues from term pregnant in-active-labor (TIL) and term pregnant not-in-labor (TNIL) subjects were used for genome-wide analyses to elucidate potential future preventive or therapeutic targets involved in the regulation of labor. Using myometrial tissues directly subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), progesterone receptor (PGR) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and histone modification ChIP-seq, we profiled genome-wide changes associated with gene expression in myometrial smooth muscle tissue in vivo. In TIL myometrium, PGR predominantly occupied promoter regions, including the classical progesterone response element, whereas it bound mainly to intergenic regions in TNIL myometrial tissue. Differential binding analysis uncovered over 1700 differential PGR-bound sites between TIL and TNIL, with 1361 sites gained and 428 lost in labor. Functional analysis identified multiple pathways involved in cAMP-mediated signaling enriched in labor. A three-way integration of the data for ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and active histone marks uncovered the following genes associated with PGR binding, transcriptional activation, and altered mRNA levels: ATP11A, CBX7, and TNS1. In vitro studies showed that ATP11A, CBX7, and TNS1 are progesterone responsive. We speculate that these genes may contribute to the contractile phenotype of the myometrium during various stages of labor. In conclusion, we provide novel labor-associated genome-wide events and PGR-target genes that can serve as targets for future mechanistic studies.
Relevance of emerging metabolomics-based biomarkers of prostate cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Bansal Navneeta , Kumar Manoj , Sankhwar S. N. , Gupta Ashish 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) presents great challenges in early diagnosis and often leads to unnecessary invasive procedures as well as over diagnosis and treatment, thus highlighting the need for promising early diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of chronologically existing metabolomics PC biomarkers, their potential to improve clinical PC diagnosis and to reduce the proliferation and monitoring of PC. The systematic research was conducted on PubMed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to report PC biomarkers. The majority of the studies distinguished malignant from benign prostate and few explored the biomarkers associated with the progression of PC. The present review summarises the primary outcomes of most significant studies to extend our knowledge of PC metabolomics biomarkers. We observed divergent inter-laboratory technical procedures employing different statistical approaches produced abundant information regarding PC metabolites perturbation. Since PC metabolomics is still in its early phase, it is vital that we dig out the most specific, sensitive and accurate metabolic signatures and conduct more studies with milestone findings with comparable sample sizes to validate and corroborate the findings.
Association of chronotype with eating habits and anthropometric measures in a sample of Iranian adults
Authors: Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida , Lesani Azadeh , Majdi Maryam , Shab-Bidar Sakineh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is a lack of consistency in the literature that shows a relationship between chronotype, habits of eating and obesity in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 individuals aged ≥ 18 years, selected from health houses of Tehran, Iran. Chronotype was assessed by Horne and Ostberg morningness–eveningness questionnaire. Specific eating habits, including breakfast skipping, intakes of fruits and vegetables, fast food, processed meats, soft drinks, coffee and tea, were assessed by dietary recalls. Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, waist to height ratio, visceral adiposity index, body roundness index and body adiposity index were based on measured values. We used logistic regression to investigate the association between chronotypes and anthropometric measures as well as eating habits. Morning- and intermediate/evening-type chronotypes accounted for 51·4 and 48·6 % of the total individuals, respectively. Moreover, intermediate/evening-type chronotypes were shown to have a lower education of diploma (53 %), employed (49·9 %) and smokers (11·6 %) compared with morning types (both sexes). We found that intermediate/evening-type chronotypes might not be significantly related to higher anthropometric measures and following unhealthy eating habits after controlling for confounders in men and women (all P > 0·05). Overall, both anthropometric measures and specific eating habits were not related to chronotype among Iranian adults. Further studies are needed to clarify these relations and to consider sleep disturbances.
Public Demand for Extraterritorial Environmental and Social Public Goods Provision
Authors: Rudolph Lukas , Kolcava Dennis , Bernauer Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVastly increased transnational business activity in recent decades has been accompanied by controversy over how to cope with its social and environmental impacts. The most prominent policy response thus far consists of international guidelines. We investigate to what extent and why citizens in a high-income country are willing to restrain companies to improve environmental and social conditions in other countries. Exploiting a real-world referendum in Switzerland, we use choice and vignette experiments with a representative sample of voters (N = 3,010) to study public demand for such regulation. Our results show that citizens prefer strict and unilateral rules (with a substantial variation of preferences by general social and environmental concern) while correctly assessing their consequences. Moreover, exposure to international norms increases demand for regulation. These findings highlight that democratic accountability can be a mechanism that motivates states to contribute to collective goods even if not in their economic interest and that awareness of relevant international norms among citizens can enhance this mechanism.