bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic model predictive braking control for heavy-duty commercial vehicles during uncertain brake pressure and road profile conditions
Authors: Nakahara Ryota , Sekiguchi Kazuma , Nonaka Kenichiro , Takasugi Masahiro , Hasebe Hiroki , Matsubara Kenichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen heavy-duty commercial vehicles (HDCVs) must engage in emergency braking, uncertain conditions such as the brake pressure and road profile variations will inevitably affect braking control. To minimize these uncertainties, we propose a combined longitudinal and lateral controller method based on stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) that is achieved via Chebyshev–Cantelli inequality. In our method, SMPC calculates braking control inputs based on a finite time prediction that is achieved by solving stochastic programming elements, including chance constraints. To accomplish this, SMPC explicitly describes the probabilistic uncertainties to be used when designing a robust control strategy. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a braking control formulation that is robust against probabilistic friction circle uncertainty effects. More specifically, the use of Chebyshev–Cantelli inequality suppresses road profile influences, which have characteristics that are different from the Gaussian distribution, thereby improving both braking robustness and control performance against statistical disturbances. Additionally, since the Kalman filtering (KF) algorithm is used to obtain the expectation and covariance used for calculating deterministic transformed chance constraints, the SMPC is reformulated as a KF embedded deterministic MPC. Herein, the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified via a MATLAB/Simulink and TruckSim co-simulation.
Cumulative Genetic Score of DRD2 Polymorphisms Is Associated with Impulsivity and Masked Semantic Priming
Authors: Sanwald Simon , Montag Christian , Kiefer Markus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndividual differences in the magnitude of semantic priming effects are associated with executive functions (EF). Striatal dopamine has been shown to be associated with EF as well as impulsivity and could therefore be associated with differences in the magnitude of semantic priming. We investigated n = 155 individuals in an unmasked as well as in a masked semantic priming paradigm. We additionally assessed self-reported impulsivity and a cumulative genetic score (CGS) comprising six polymorphisms that have been found to be functionally relevant for the expression of the DRD2 gene. We found a significantly negative association between the DRD2 CGS and reaction time priming in the masked semantic priming paradigm. In addition, the DRD2 CGS was positively associated with self-reported impulsivity. Our findings complement previous research by showing a role of the DRD2 gene for masked semantic priming. Therefore, the investigation of genes within the dopamine system might improve our understanding of the genetic basis of impulsivity and semantic processing. Thus, the DRD2 CGS is of interest for clinical as well as experimental psychological research.
Taxonomic revision of Saxicolella (Podostemaceae), African waterfall plants highly threatened by Hydro-Electric projects
Authors: Cheek Martin , Molmou Denise , Magassouba Sekou , Ghogue Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2022

SummarySpecies of the genusSaxicolellaEngl. (Podostemaceae) are African rheophytes, restricted to rapids and waterfalls as are all members of the family. Previously,Saxicolella sensu latowas shown to be polyphyletic with two separate clades. The namePohliellaEngl. was recently resurrected for one clade that is sister to the American generaCeratolacis(Tul.) Wedd.,PodostemumMichx. and all Old World Podostemoideae.Pohliellahas distichous phyllotaxy, bilocular ovaries, filiform roots with paired holdfasts, and rootcaps. The second clade,Saxicolella sensu stricto, including the type of the generic name, has spiral phyllotaxy, unilocular ovaries, ribbon-like or crustose roots that lack both holdfasts and rootcaps.Saxicolella sensu stricto, sampled from the type species,S. nanaEngl. of Cameroon, is embedded within and near the base of the major clade of African podostemoids and is sister to all other African genera apart fromInversodicraeaR.E.Fr. andMonandriellaEngl. Recently reduced to three species in Cameroon and SE Nigeria by the resurrection ofPohliella, Saxicolella sensu strictois expanded to eight species in this monograph by description of five new taxa.Saxicolella futaCheek andS. deniseaeCheek are newly described from Guinea,S. ijimCheek from Cameroon, the informally namedS.sp. A from Gabon, andS. angolaCheek from Angola. The known geographic range of the genus is thus expanded c. 2,500 km westwards to Guinea from eastern Nigeria and c.1,500 km southeastwards from near Yaoundé to Cuanza do Sul, Angola. The greatest concentration of species occurs in the Cross-Sanaga interval of western Cameroon and eastern Nigeria, with three species. Cameroon (3 species) followed by Nigeria and Guinea (2 species each) are the countries with highest species diversity. A classification is proposed grouping the species into three subgenera (Saxicolella, Butumia(G.Taylor) Cheek comb. et stat. nov. andKinkoniaCheek subgen. nov.) based on root morphology and shoot position and morphology. The discovery, morphology, circumscription, distribution and ecology ofSaxicolellais reviewed, an identification key to the species is presented, together with descriptions, synonymy and links to illustrations. All of the species are provisionally assessed as either Endangered or Critically Endangered using the IUCN 2012 Red List Criteria. The major threats, above all, are hydro-electric projects.Saxicolella deniseaemay already be globally extinct, and two of the four known locations ofS. angolaappear lost,S.sp. A of Gabon is threatened at at least one of its three locations, whileS. futais threatened at all three locations. Contamination of watercourses by increased turbidity from silt-load due to anthropic changes and by eutrophication from pollution are also threats for the majority of the species.
Einsamkeitserfahrungen junger Menschen – nicht nur in Zeiten der Pandemie
Authors: Thomas Severine 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungInden vergangenen Jahren hat das Thema Einsamkeit an Raum im wissenschaftlichen und politischen Diskurs gewonnen. So gibt es inzwischen zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten und Publikationen zu Einsamkeit im Alter, die auch in der öffentlichen und politischen Diskussion besonders wahrgenommen werden. Empirische Befunde sollen diese Wahrnehmung unterstützen. Anhand von Daten des Sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP) aus dem Jahr 2016 unterstreicht der Dritte Teilhabebericht der Bundesregierung, dass sich 16 % der Befragten oft einsam fühlen, unter den Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen sind es sogar 31 %. Seit der Corona-Pandemie wird aufgrund der angeordneten Regelungen zum Social Distancing eine Häufung von Einsamkeitserfahrungen festgestellt. Eine Studie des wissenschaftlichen Dienstes der EU-Kommission kam zu dem Ergebnis, dass 25 % der EU-Bürger:innen sich nach den ersten Monaten der Pandemie einsam fühlten (im Vergleich zu 12 % im Jahr 2016. Regelmäßige Befragung zu Familie, Erwerbsarbeit, Politik und u. a. Gesundheit mit ca. 15.000 teilnehmenden Haushalten bzw. 30.000 Personen.). In nordeuropäischen Ländern hat sich der Anteil der einsamen Menschen seit Beginn der Pandemie sogar vervierfacht. Nach und nach etabliert sich dabei die Erkenntnis, dass Einsamkeit auch unter jungen Menschen kein seltenes Phänomen ist, das aber in dieser Altersgruppe in der Pandemie überdurchschnittlich an Bedeutung gewinnt. Dieser Beitrag analysiert Einsamkeitserfahrungen junger Menschen insbesondere anhand der Forschungsergebnisse aus den Studien JuCo I–III zu der Lebenssituation und den Erfahrungen von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen während der Corona-Pandemie und diskutiert abschließend, welcher Forschungsbedarf sich daraus ableiten lässt.
Upregulation of long noncoding RNA linc02544 and its association with overall survival rate and the influence on cell proliferation and migration in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wei Wei , Xu Teng , Zhang Ying , Huang Yong , Wang Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert crucial biological functions by regulating miRNAs, which are implicated in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. A previous study has indicated that lncRNA linc02544 expression is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, whereas, the role of linc02544 in LUSC is elusive.MethodsThe differential linc02544 expression in LUSC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were evaluated with RT-qPCR. Kaplan-Meier curve was conducted to evaluate the clinical prognostic significance of linc02544. Then cellular experiments were performed to assess the influence of linc02544 in LUSC proliferation, invasion, and migration, and a western blot assay was used to measure the metastasis-related protein levels. The downstream miRNAs were verified using the LncBase Experimental v.2 database and dual-luciferase reporter assay.ResultsLinc02544 was overexpressed in LUSC tissues from positive lymph node metastasis-positive and TNM high-stage patients. Low linc02544 expression was associated with a longer survival rate. Downregulation of linc02544 by si-linc02544 restrained cell growth capacities, migration, and invasion abilities. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and vimentin was decreased while E-cadherin was increased in si-linc02544 cells compared with that in untreated cells. Mechanistically, we identified that linc02544 acted as a sponge of miR-138-5p, which expression had a negative correlation. E2F3 was a potential target of miR-138-5p,ConclusionsNotably, high linc02544 expression was associated with severe clinical parameters and was a putative prognostic predictor for patients with LUSC. Downregulation of linc02544 may weaken the LUSC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating miR-138-5p/E2F3, which maybe serve as a biomarker for the prognosis and target treatment of LUSC.
Securing the Environmental Water Requirements of Seasonally Ponding Wetlands: Partnering Science and Management through Benefit Sharing
Authors: Barchiesi Stefano , Camacho Antonio , Hernández Eva , Guelmami Anis , Monti Flavio , Satta Alessio , Jordán Osvaldo , Angelini Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough environmental flow regime assessments are becoming increasingly holistic, they rarely provoke water managers to enact the adaptive water reallocation mechanisms required to secure environmental water for wetlands. The conditions that cause science-based environmental flow assessments to succeed or fail in informing the management of environmental water requirements remain unclear. To begin to resolve these conditions, we used process tracing to deconstruct the sequence of activities required to manage environmental water in four case studies of seasonally ponding wetlands in Mediterranean and Mesoamerican watersheds. We hypothesized that, when the flexibility and equitability of the socioeconomic system do not match the complexity of the biophysical system, this leads to a failure of managers to integrate scientific guidance in their allocation of environmental water. Diagnostic evidence gathered indicates that science-management partnerships are essential to align institutional flexibility and socioeconomic equitability with the system’s ecohydrological complexity, and thus move from determination to reallocation of environmental water. These results confirm that institutions e.g., river basin organizations need to be supplemented by motivated actors with experience and skill to negotiate allocation and adaptive management of environmental water. These institutional-actor synergies are likely to be especially important in water scarce regions when the need to accommodate extreme hydrological conditions is not met by national governance capacity. We conclude by focusing on benefit sharing as a means to better describe the conditions for successful science-based environmental flow assessments that realize productive efficiency in environmental water allocation i.e., recognition of multiple values for both people and ecosystems.
Habitat selection of smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) in the peri-coastal, urbanised landscape of Goa, India
Authors: Jonah Dias Stephen , James Ciaran White Patrick , Borker Atul Sinai , Fernandes Nandini Vaz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract Human development can have detrimental impacts on the environment and its contained ecosystems. However, several species have adapted to thrive in human-modified landscapes. This study was aimed to assess habitat selection of threatened smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) in the peri-coastal landscape of Goa, India. In the Indian context, there are significant gaps in knowledge pertaining to factors that influence otter occurrence in such environments. Otter presence/absence in 78 1 km2 plots across two river catchments was modelled against several habitat variables including measures of agricultural pollution, salinity, mangrove cover, and fishing presence. The effect size and direction of relationships between the probability of otter occurrence and the habitat variables were analysed by building a set of candidate generalised linear models. The models were subsequently ranked using small-sample Akaike’s information criterion (AICc). Analysis indicated that water salinity, mangrove cover, and fishing presence had a significant positive influence on otter occurrence. However, the concentrations of agricultural pollutants (nitrates, phosphates, and sulphates) were not contributing factors in influencing otter occurrence in the surveyed landscape. The metrics used in this study can be applied for preliminary assessments of presence and occupancy of otters in other coastal landscapes of India, and aid in the conservation of the species.
Drop-out in der Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung Erwachsener – Pandemiebedingte Herausforderungen und theoretische Perspektiven
Authors: Bickert Marie , Arbeiter Jana , Sindermann Lena , Thalhammer Veronika 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Feld der Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung Erwachsener nimmt einen zentralen Stellenwert in der Förderung gesellschaftlicher Partizipation von vulnerablen Gruppen ein. Die Covid-19 Pandemie bringt neue Transformationsprozesse mit sich, die sich auch auf die Risikofaktoren von Drop-out (Abbruch) in der Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung auswirken. Drop-out kann als Verstärker sozialer Ungleichheit beforscht werden, was insbesondere im Kontext pandemiebedingter Lernbedingungen an neuer Relevanz gewinnt. So werden in diesem Beitrag die pandemiebedingten Herausforderungen für das Feld mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Drop-out herausgearbeitet. Anhand eines mehrstufigen Analyseverfahrens (Expert:inneninterviews & narratives Review) kann gezeigt werden, dass „Medienkompetenz und Medienzugang“, „Kontinuität und Kursstruktur“ sowie „Vertrauen und Kursbindung“ zwar als bereits bekannte Risikofaktoren für Drop-out gelten, jedoch vor dem Hintergrund pandemiebedingt veränderter Strukturen eine gestiegene Bedeutung bekommen. Pandemiebedingte Transformationsprozesse wirken wie ein Brennglas auf bereits bestehende Problemlagen im Feld der Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung. Somit kommt der pädagogischen Aufgabe der entsprechenden Gestaltung von unvorhersehbaren Veränderungen eine besondere Bedeutung zu, um der Verschärfung sozialer Ungleichheiten entgegenzuwirken.
Tarifbindung ist nicht gleich Tarifbindung: Ergebnisse eines Vergleichs unterschiedlicher Tarifbindungsformen in der Metall- und Elektro-Industrie
Authors: Bach Helena , Lesch Hagen , Schröder Christoph , Vogel Sandra 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Politik strebt eine Stärkung der Tarifautonomie durch eine Stärkung der Tarifbindung an. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt anhand einer Analyse von Ergänzungs- und Haustarifverträgen in der Metall- und Elektro-Industrie, dass es unterschiedliche Formen von Tarifbindung gibt, die mit einer unterschiedlichen tariflichen Regelungsbreite und mit unterschiedlichen Kostenniveaus verbunden sind. So kam es durch Ergänzungstarifverträge zu Ersparnissen von durchschnittlich 5,8 %, wobei die Spanne der monetären Abweichung vom Branchentarifvertrag zwischen Mehrkosten in Höhe von 8,6 % bis hin zu Einsparungen in einem Volumen von 33,9 % lag. Andererseits gibt es tarifungebundene Betriebe, die sich eng am Branchentarifvertrag orientieren, möglicherweise sogar enger als Betriebe, die über Ergänzungstarifverträge vom Branchentarifvertrag abweichen. Wenn die Politik Tarifbindung stärken will, sollte sie auf die gelebte Tarifbindungspraxis Rücksicht nehmen.
Einige ökonomische Überlegungen zu (Fehl‑)Anreizen des Rechtsanwaltsvergütungsgesetzes im Strafprozess
Authors: Daumann Frank , Follert Florian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie ökonomische Rechtsanalyse kann durch ihr spezifisches Instrumentarium und ihre Konzentration auf das Effizienzprinzip mögliche Fehlallokationen aufdecken und dem Gesetzgeber Alternativvorschläge unterbreiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Rechtsanwaltsvergütung im Strafprozess und arbeitet auf Basis des ökonomischen Ansatzes heraus, dass die gegenwärtige Ausgestaltung des Rechtsanwaltsvergütungsgesetzes sowie die diesbezügliche Ausweitung der Rechte des Angeklagten Anreize setzen, die Verfahrensdauer über ein aus ökonomischer Sicht optimales Niveau hinaus auszudehnen, aus gesamtgesellschaftlicher Sicht ineffizient.
Fehlerdiagnose mit Virtual Reality trainieren – Entwicklung und Erprobung einer virtuellen Offshore-Windenergieanlage
Authors: Kapp Felix , Matthes Nadine , Kruse Linda , Niebeling Moritz , Spangenberger Pia 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungVirtual Reality Lernumgebungen bieten besonderes Potenzial für die Vermittlung komplexer Inhalte und Fähigkeiten im beruflichen Kontext. In solchen Lernumgebungen lassen sich authentische Arbeitsaufgaben umsetzen anhand derer anwendungsnah Kompetenzen erlernt werden können. In der VR Lernumgebung MARLA wird die Fehlerdiagnose in den Bereichen Elektro- und Metalltechnik in Form eines achtstufigen Prozesses anhand eines konkreten Beispiels auf einer Offshore-Windenergieanlage trainiert. Auszubildende bekommen dafür in Anlehnung an den Cognitive Apprenticeship Ansatz zunächst von einem Non-Player Character innerhalb der Anwendung die einzelnen Schritte erklärt und vorgemacht, bevor sie anschließend schrittweise selbständig den Prozess durchlaufen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Anwendung und ihre Entwicklung vor und berichtet Ergebnisse der formativen Evaluation, welche wichtige Erkenntnisse für die Ausgestaltung der Umgebung geliefert hat.Praktische Relevanz Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zum einen auf theoretische Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Potentials von Virtual Reality Anwendungen für die berufliche Bildung eingegangen. Zum anderen werden Erfahrungen aus dem Bereich der konzeptionellen Entwicklung der VR Anwendung und der empirischen Evaluation der Anwendung präsentiert. Beide Punkte haben zum Ziel einen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Weiterbildung im Arbeitskontext zu leisten.
Performance of a trigger tool for detecting adverse drug reactions in patients with polypharmacy acutely admitted to the geriatric ward
Authors: Noorda Nikki M. F. , Sallevelt Bastiaan T. G. M. , Langendijk Wivien L. , Egberts Toine C. G. , van Puijenbroek Eugène P. , Wilting Ingeborg , Knol Wilma 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) account for 10% of acute hospital admissions in older people, often under-recognised by physicians. The Dutch geriatric guideline recommends screening all acutely admitted older patients with polypharmacy with an ADR trigger tool comprising ten triggers and associated drugs frequently causing ADRs. This study investigated the performance of this tool and the recognition by usual care of ADRs detected with the tool.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in patients ≥ 70 years with polypharmacy acutely admitted to the geriatric ward of the University Medical Centre Utrecht. Electronic health records (EHRs) were screened for trigger–drug combinations listed in the ADR trigger tool. Two independent appraisers assessed causal probability with the WHO-UMC algorithm and screened EHRs for recognition of ADRs by attending physicians. Performance of the tool was defined as the positive predictive value (PPV) for ADRs with a possible, probable or certain causal relation.

Results
In total, 941 trigger–drug combinations were present in 73% (n = 253/345) of the patients. The triggers fall, delirium, renal insufficiency and hyponatraemia covered 86% (n = 810/941) of all trigger–drug combinations. The overall PPV was 41.8% (n = 393/941), but the PPV for individual triggers was highly variable ranging from 0 to 100%. Usual care recognised the majority of ADRs (83.5%), increasing to 97.1% when restricted to possible and certain ADRs.

Conclusion
The ADR trigger tool has predictive value; however, its implementation is unlikely to improve the detection of unrecognised ADRs in older patients acutely admitted to our geriatric ward. Future research is needed to investigate the tool’s clinical value when applied to older patients acutely admitted to non-geriatric wards.
Multimodal motivation modelling and computing towards motivationally intelligent E-learning systems
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Chen Liming , Ayesh Aladdin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMotivation to engage in learning is essential for learning performance. Learners’ motivation is traditionally assessed using self-reported data, which is time-consuming, subjective, and interruptive to their learning process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel framework for multimodal assessment of learners’ motivation in e-learning environments with the ultimate purpose of supporting intelligent e-learning systems to facilitate dynamic, context-aware, and personalized services or interventions, thus sustaining learners’ motivation for learning engagement. We investigated the performance of the machine learning classifier and the most and least accurately predicted motivational factors. We also assessed the contribution of different electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye gaze features to motivation assessment. The applicability of the framework was evaluated in an empirical study in which we combined eye tracking and EEG sensors to produce a multimodal dataset. The dataset was then processed and used to develop a machine learning classifier for motivation assessment by predicting the levels of a range of motivational factors, which represented the multiple dimensions of motivation. We also proposed a novel approach to feature selection combining data-driven and knowledge-driven methods to train the machine learning classifier for motivation assessment, which has been proved effective in our empirical study at selecting predictors from a large number of extracted features from EEG and eye tracking data. Our study has revealed valuable insights for the role played by brain activities and eye movements on predicting the levels of different motivational factors. Initial results using logistic regression classifier have achieved significant predictive power for all the motivational factors studied, with accuracy of between 68.1% and 92.8%. The present work has demonstrated the applicability of the proposed framework for multimodal motivation assessment which will inspire future research towards motivationally intelligent e-learning systems.