bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
small forces
Authors: Gupte Rupali , Shetty Prasad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis essay discusses cities as composites of small forces of energetic selves. Energetic self here is the dimension of the self that drives one to undertake activities connected to one's desires. These could include collecting strange objects, achieving mundane targets, opposing new ideas, behaving like a spy, counting every tree, tracking obscure data, occupying obscure spaces, and so on. Energetic selves also express themselves in everyday friendships and compassions. These practices go beyond the acts of routine and are considered unproductive in conceptualizing cities. They remain small and are often discarded as stray individual preoccupations, anecdotes, or subjective obsessions. While some of these are related to earnings and occupations, others are simply “useless.” However, everyone seems to have a trip that one lives with and for, and which provides individuals with their energies and cities with their oneiric spaces. Such energies, expressed in absurd quests, unusual obsessions, and bizarre interests cumulatively appear to be producing the city. In many ways the city seems to be a madhouse and madness seems to be running it. The city seems to acquire its generative energy from such small forces. Urban theory and pedagogy have however seldom engaged with an understanding of these small forces or extended it for speculative or projective purposes. Spatial professionals often take up the burden of acting like and being the modern state, which has to operate through modern imperatives of empiricism, technolegality, property regimes, boundaries, and so on. But while these imperatives are limited in understanding life, they are also not completely capable of handling the complexities of the urban. The paper further discusses a variety of ideas like settling; semi-fictional stories and montages; the blur; and transactional capacities to rethink the ways in which one could articulate newer ways to engage with the city.
ID1 and CEBPA coordinate epidermal progenitor cell differentiation
Authors: Kantzer Christina Geraldine , Yang Wei , Grommisch David , Patil Kim Vikhe , Mak Kylie Hin-Man , Shirokova Vera , Genander Maria 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The regulatory circuits that coordinate epidermal differentiation during development are still not fully understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional regulator ID1 is enriched in mouse basal epidermal progenitor cells and find ID1 expression to be diminished upon differentiation. In utero silencing of Id1 impairs progenitor cell proliferation, leads to precocious delamination of targeted progenitor cells and enables differentiated keratinocytes to retain progenitor markers and characteristics. Transcriptional profiling suggests that ID1 acts by mediating adhesion to the basement membrane while inhibiting spinous layer differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation reveals ID1 binding to transcriptional regulators of the class I bHLH family. We localize bHLH Tcf3, Tcf4 and Tcf12 to epidermal progenitor cells during epidermal stratification and establish TCF3 as a downstream effector of ID1-mediated epidermal proliferation. Finally, we identify crosstalk between CEBPA, a known mediator of epidermal differentiation, and Id1, and demonstrate that CEBPA antagonizes BMP-induced activation of Id1. Our work establishes ID1 as a key coordinator of epidermal development, acting to balance progenitor proliferation with differentiation and unveils how functional crosstalk between CEBPA and Id1 orchestrates epidermal lineage progression.
Towards an integrated automatic design process for robot swarms
Authors: Bozhinoski Darko , Birattari Mauro 
Published: November 2022

Background:The specification of missions to be accomplished by a robot swarm has been rarely discussed in the literature: designers do not follow any standardized processes or use any tool to precisely define a mission that must be accomplished.Methods:In this paper, we introduce a fully integrated design process that starts with the specification of a mission to be accomplished and terminates with the deployment of the robots in the target environment. We introduce Swarm Mission Language (SML), a textual language that allows swarm designers to specify missions. Using model-driven engineering techniques, we define a process that automatically transforms a mission specified in SML into a configuration setup for an optimization-based design method. Upon completion, the output of the optimization-based design method is an instance of control software that is eventually deployed on real robots.Results:We demonstrate the fully integrated process we propose on three different missions.Conclusions:We aim to show that in order to create reliable, maintainable and verifiable robot swarms, swarm designers may benefit from following standardised automatic design processes that will facilitate the design of control software in all stages of the development.
Complete abrogation of key osteoclast markers with a membrane-anchored tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
Authors: Zhang Yihe , Jiang Bingjie , Zhang Pengyuan , Chiu Sung K. , Lee Meng H. 
Published: November 2022

AimsTissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are the endogenous inhibitors of the zinc-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAM) involved in extracellular matrix modulation. The present study aims to develop the TIMPs as biologics for osteoclast-related disorders.MethodsWe examine the inhibitory effect of a high affinity, glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored TIMP variant named ‘T1PrαTACE’ on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation.ResultsOsteoclast progenitor cells transduced with T1PrαTACEfailed to form tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts or exhibit bone-resorbing activity following treatment with RANKL. At the messenger RNA level, T1PrαTACEstrongly attenuated expression of key osteoclast marker genes that included TRAP, cathepsin K, osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein ( OC-STAMP), dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein ( DC-STAMP), osteoclast-associated receptor ( OSCAR) , and ATPase H+-transporting V0 subunit d2 ( ATP6V0D2) by blocking autoamplification of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), the osteoclastogenic transcription factor. T1PrαTACEselectively extended p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, an action that may have interrupted terminal differentiation of osteoclasts. Inhibition studies with broad-spectrum hydroxamate inhibitors confirmed that the anti-resorptive activity of T1PrαTACEwas not reliant on its metalloproteinase-inhibitory activity.ConclusionT1PrαTACEdisrupts the RANKL-NFATc1 signalling pathway, which leads to osteoclast dysfunction. As a novel candidate in the prevention of osteoclastogenesis, the TIMP could potentially be developed for the treatment of osteoclast-related disorders such as osteoporosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(11):763–776.
Self-starting high-order mode oscillation fiber laser
Authors: Lv Jialiang , Ma Xuexiao , Liu Xiazhong , Luo Jing , Yao Peijun , Xu Lixin , Zhan Qiwen 
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we proposed and demonstrated two kinds of all few-mode fiber lasers with self-starting high-order mode (HOM) oscillation. The fundamental mode can be completely suppressed by using a bandpass filter with a few-mode fiber pigtail. In the continuous-wave (CW) regime, the fiber laser directly oscillates in HOM with a signal-to-noise ratio as high as 70 dB, and the slope efficiency is up to 46%. The self-starting HOM mode-locked pulse can be easily achieved by employing a saturable absorber. The HOM oscillation pulsed fiber laser stably operates at 1063.72 nm with 3dB of 0.05 nm, which can deliver cylindrical vector beams with a high mode purity of over 98%. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration for self-starting HOM direct oscillation in stable CW and pulsed operation states without additional adjustment. This compact and stable HOM fiber laser with a simple structure can have important applications in materials processing, optical trapping, and spatiotemporal nonlinear optics. Moreover, this work may offer a promising approach to realizing high-power fiber laser with arbitrary HOMs stable output.
Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis in France using prenatal screening: A decision-analytic economic model
Authors: Sawers Larry , Wallon Martine , Mandelbrot Laurent , Villena Isabelle , Stillwaggon Eileen , Kieffer François 
Published: November 2022

Background
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the world’s most common parasites. Primary infection of the mother during pregnancy can lead to transmission to the fetus with risks of brain and eye lesions, which may cause lifelong disabilities. France instituted a national program based on monthly retesting of susceptible pregnant women to reduce the number of severe cases through prompt antenatal and postnatal treatment and follow-up.

Objective
To evaluate the ability of the French prenatal retesting program to reduce the lifetime costs of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Methods
We measured and then compared the costs and benefits of screening vs. not screening using decision-tree modelling. It included direct and indirect costs to society of treatment and care, and the lifetime lost earnings of children and caregivers. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was carried out.

Findings
Total lifetime costs per live born child identified as congenitally infected were estimated to be €444 for those identified through prenatal screening vs €656 for those who were not screened. Estimates were robust to changes in all costs of diagnosis, treatment, and sequelae.

Interpretation
Screening for the prevention of the congenital T. gondii infection in France is cost saving at €212 per birth. Compared with no screening, screening every pregnant woman in France for toxoplasmosis in 2020 would have saved the country €148 million in addition to reducing or eliminating the devastating physical and emotional suffering caused by T. gondii. Our findings reinforce the conclusions of other decision-analytic modelling of prenatal toxoplasmosis screening.
Unrealized fertility among women in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Assaf Shireen , Moonzwe Davis Lwendo 
Published: November 2022

Background
There has been little research on women who have fewer than their ideal number of children toward the end of their childbearing years in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examine the level and distribution of unrealized fertility in LMICs across three geographical regions. We also examine the role of sex preference and other factors associated with unrealized fertility.

Data and methods
We used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for women age 44–48 in 36 countries from the three geographical regions of Western and Central Africa, Eastern and Southern Africa, and South and Southeast Asia. We conducted descriptive analysis to examine the distribution of unwanted fertility and unrealized fertility, and fit adjusted logistic regressions of unrealized fertility. The main variables are number of living children (including by sex) and the sex composition of children. Other variables included education, marital status, age at first childbirth, wealth quintile, place of residence, exposure to family planning messages, contraceptive use, and country.

Results
Unrealized fertility was highest in Western and Central Africa, followed by Eastern and Southern Africa. In all regions, there was a decrease in unrealized fertility with an increasing number of children. Findings for sex preference varied with little sex preference in the African regions, and some limited evidence of preference for sons in South and Southeast Asia. In most regions, higher levels of education, higher wealth quintile, and use of contraceptive methods were associated with decreased unrealized fertility.

Conclusion
Family planning programs and messages should consider regional and socioeconomic differences in unrealized fertility in order to give women and families the right to achieve the family size they desire regardless of their status.
“They cannot afford to feed their children and the advice is to stay home. How‥?”: A qualitative study of community experiences of COVID-19 response efforts across Syria
Authors: Alhaffar Mervat , Mkhallalati Hala , Alrashid Alhiraki Omar , Marzouk Manar , Khanshour Ahmad , Douedari Yazan , Howard Natasha 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
COVID-19 highlighted the importance of meaningful engagement between communities and health authorities. This is particularly challenging in conflict-affected countries such as Syria, where social protection and food security needs can hinder adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccine uptake. This study explored community perspectives of COVID-19 and health authority responses across the three main areas of control in Syria, i.e. Syrian government-controlled areas (GCA), autonomous administration-controlled areas (AACA), and opposition-controlled areas (OCA).

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study, interviewing 22 purposively-sampled Syrians accessing health services in AACA, GCA, or OCA in 2021 to provide approximately equal representation by governance area and gender. We analysed data thematically using deductive and inductive coding.

Findings
Interviewees in all areas described how their fears of COVID-19 and willingness to adhere to NPIs decreased as their local COVID-19 epidemics progressed and NPIs disrupted access to household essentials such as work and food. Community-level responses were minimal and ad hoc, so most people focused on personal or household protective efforts and many mentioned relying on their faith for comfort. Misinformation and vaccine hesitancy were common in all areas, linked to lack of transparency from and mistrust of local health authorities and information sources.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased health actors’ need to engage with communities to control disease spread, yet most NPIs implemented in Syria were inappropriate and adherence decreased as the pandemic progressed. This was exemplified by lockdowns and requirements to self-isolate, despite precarious reliance on daily wages, no subsidies for lost income, individual self-reliance, and mistrust/weak communication between communities and health authorities. We found minimal community engagement efforts, consisting entirely of informing with no efforts to consult, involve, collaborate, or empower. This contributed to failures of health actors to contextualise interventions in ways that respected community understandings and needs.
Falling from Grace: The Collapse of Ethiopia's Ruling Coalition
Authors: Tronvoll Kjetil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), the government party in Ethiopia from 1991 to 2019, was Africa's biggest party in terms of membership base and considered to be the most powerful incumbent on the continent. The factors behind its rapid fall from grace and eventual collapse in 2019 will be put under scrutiny in this article. Comparative political research has pointed to both endogamous and exogamous factors contributing to party instability. Party-specific concerns such as differences in local constituencies, variations in ethnopolitical identities, differences of ideological outlook, and policy preferences are all factors that may lead to a withering of party consensus. Furthermore, the governance structure of the country may also impinge on party stability, because federal models may be more divisive in nature than unitary states. The argument pursued in this article will be to investigate how the origin of the EPRDF's component parties and their ethnopolitical base under the federal system were made relevant in the internal power struggle to claim control of the coalition and hence the government of the land. The article concludes by identifying four key factors contributing to the internal power struggle that led to the demise of the EPRDF: disagreements over ideology; disputes over party bylaws, procedures, and practices; contestation over the federal state model; and finally, the surge of ethnonationalism with intrinsic territorial ambitions.
Oromo Protests, Repression, and Political Change in Ethiopia, 2014–2020
Authors: Kelecha Mebratu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article provides a chronological analysis of the Oromo social movements that have contributed to the recent major political changes in Ethiopia. It draws on theories of nonviolent social movements, political defiance, and the transition approach of democratization in analyzing the chain of event that led to political changes in early 2018. This helps put the protests in perspective in terms of Ethiopia's political trajectory, explaining how youth activists have played a role in advancing the conditions for the transition to democracy, bringing together fragmented, rival political forces and social groups in the interest of challenging the status quo and toppling a deeply entrenched authoritarian regime.
La evaluación formativa en el marco de procesos de modelizaciones matemáticas
Authors: Cámara Viviana , Dalmasso Estefanía , Mas María Magdalena 
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo presenta características y resultados del proceso evaluativo desarrollado en el marco del seminario optativo denominado “Análisis y formulación de modelos matemáticos”, ofrecido por la cátedra de Cálculo para Ciencias Económicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (FCE) de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL). Se propone una estrategia metodológica formativa con énfasis en la evaluación, puesto que la evidencia acumulada en el área de enseñanza de las ciencias sugiere que la comprensión de ideas centrales en una disciplina, así como el desarrollo de prácticas científicas, demanda la participación activa de los estudiantes en la construcción de su propio conocimiento. Se elaboraron matrices de valoración considerando las dimensiones de análisis: presentación de informe, desarrollo matemático y desarrollo de habilidades, y se definieron tres coeficientes de valoración asociados a sus respectivas matrices. El coef_1 valoró el trabajo de equipo y la democratización del conocimiento, resultando satisfactorio; el coef_2 valoró la capacidad de resolución de un mini caso prefijado por los docentes de un modelo parametrizado, donde se notaron dificultades en el uso de parámetros en matemática; en tanto, el coef_3 valoró la destreza en el planteo y resolución de un problema de interés propio de cada equipo, así como la capacidad de vinculación interdisciplinaria, lo cual evidenció una desvinculación entre el problema propuesto y el análisis matemático realizado. Se aplicó a los estudiantes una encuesta semiestructurada con la finalidad de conocer si sus expectativas al inscribirse al seminario fueron alcanzadas. Según sus respuestas, esto fue cumplido satisfactoriamente.
Who Do You Trust? Trust and Insurance Through Africa’s Past and Future
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Global disruption positions risk mitigation at the centre of survival strategies. Social risk mitigation strategies display relationships of trust, responsibility and culture. Insurance in global markets expands as bi-polarism began to contract from the early 1990s, but the massive external shocks of the pandemic and the rising interest environment impact negatively on this advance. What is likely the nature of risk mitigation responses in the post-pandemic era? How have societies, especially in developing regions such as some African societies, responded to the growing risk and existential threats? This paper explores African risk mitigation strategies in the past and the potential for future alignment of global insurance products to the demands of 21st Century African markets.
Human chorionic gonadotrophin secreting adrenocortical neoplasm presenting with peripheral precocious puberty in an infant
Authors: Dursun Fatma , İlçe Zekeriya , Tosun İlkay , Atla Pınar , Kalın Sevinç , Güvenç Fatma Tuğba , Yıldırım Ülkü Miray , Kırmızıbekmez Heves 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adrenocortical tumor (ACT) is a rare malignant tumor which usually present with Cushing syndrome and virilization. Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) due to neoplasms can occur with peptides or cytokines secreted by the tumor. Here, we report a 13-month-old-male presented with severe masculinization. He had signs of precocious puberty with enlarged testicles, very high testosterone levels but low levels of gonadotrophins, and elevated β-hCG. He underwent a left nephrectomy. The histopathological evaluation revealed a diagnosis of adrenocortical neoplasm. The levels of androgens and β-hCG normalized after the resection of tumor, and the clinical findings improved within few months. We report the first pediatric patient with peripheral precocious puberty due to an ACT that secretes β-hCG as PNS. A β-hCG secreting ACT can cause severe virilization due to increased gonadal androgens stimulated by β-hCG as well as due to increased adrenal androgens from the tumor.
Existence of positive periodic solutions for first-order nonlinear differential equations with multiple time-varying delays
Authors: Han Xiaoling , Lei Ceyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study elucidates the sufficient conditions for the first-order nonlinear differential equations with periodic coefficients and time-varying delays to have positive periodic solutions. Our results are proved using the Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem. In this article, we have identified two sets

Δ

\Delta

and

∇

\nabla

and proved that at least one positive periodic solution exists in the interval between the point belonging to

Δ

\Delta

and the point belonging to

∇

\nabla

. We propose simple conditions that guarantee the existence of sets

Δ

\Delta

and

∇

\nabla

. In addition, we obtain the necessary conditions for the existence of positive periodic solutions of the first-order nonlinear differential equations when the periodic coefficients satisfy certain conditions. Finally, examples and numerical simulations are used to illustrate the validity of our results.
Evaluating the Efficiency and Productivity of Colombian Criminal Justice
Authors: Valencia Santiago Nicolás Enrique , Almanza Ramírez Camilo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to calculate the technical efficiency and the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MPI) of the municipal (JM) and circuit courts (JC) of the ordinary jurisdiction of the Colombian criminal justice system, from 2012 to 2016. The results show an average technical inefficiency of 16, 9% for de JCs, and 17.3% for JMs. Additionally, we find a total factor productivity (TFP) decline for these courts of 24 and 44%, respectively. Although both components of the MPI registered average values lower than one, the decrease in TFP is mainly driven by the decline in the technical change component.
Innovative foam-based cleaning concepts for historical objects
Authors: Schad Tamara , Preisig Natalie , Piening Heinrich , Stubenrauch Cosima 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We developed a new, innovative foam-based cleaning method with which the amount of detergent can be reduced by up to 90%. In addition, foams generate physical cleaning mechanisms, namely imbibition and wiping. The combination of imbibition and wiping is so efficient that it is sufficient to simply let the foam sit on the surface for a while before removing it by vacuuming. No additional mechanical action is needed! This publication describes how we managed to clean the historic carriages of kings and emperors of past centuries in the “Marstallmuseum” in Nymphenburg Palace in cooperation with the “Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes”.