bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Different High‐Intensity‐Focused Ultrasound Frequencies Have Different Effects? A Histological Analysis Correlated With Patients' Subjective Assessments
Authors: Hwang Yousun , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh‐intensity‐focused ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a noninvasive approach for facial rejuvenation, offering benefits such as collagen synthesis and subcutaneous fat reduction. However, the differential effects of varying HIFU frequencies on specific skin layers remain underexplored.AimsTo evaluate the histological effects of different HIFU frequencies and correlate these findings with patient‐reported outcomes, thereby optimizing clinical applications.Patients/MethodsHistological analysis was performed on pig skin treated with HIFU at specific depths (2.0, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 mm) using the Ultraformer MPT device. Collagen types I and III, elastin fibers, and fat reduction were assessed using immunohistochemistry, Victoria blue staining, and Oil Red O staining. Additionally, 50 Asian female participants aged 30–60 years with skin laxity underwent HIFU treatment. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using standardized photographs, the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and a modified Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale.ResultsHistological analysis revealed increased collagen and elastin fiber synthesis and significant fat reduction post‐HIFU. Clinical outcomes corroborated these findings, with 85.3% of participants reporting overall satisfaction and 70.6% noting improvements in facial contouring. Self‐esteem assessments indicated a positive psychological impact, with 64.7% of participants expressing enhanced confidence.ConclusionsHIFU treatment at varying frequencies induces significant histological and clinical improvements, demonstrating its efficacy for skin rejuvenation. This study underscores HIFU's dual role in enhancing physical appearance and psychological well‐being, supporting its integration into patient‐centric aesthetic care.
Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions for Parents of Children With Cancer Receiving Active Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ong Yi Qing Germaine , Li Juejin , Tan Jia Yu Amelia , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesTo synthesise the effects of psychosocial interventions compared with standard care in improving psychosocial outcomes of parents of children with cancer receiving active treatment.DesignThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis that was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement.MethodsAll randomised controlled trials examining the effects of psychosocial interventions for parents of children with cancer were considered eligible. All identified articles were imported into Endnote X9. Two independent authors conducted study selection and data extraction. Risk‐of‐Bias version 2 and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach were used to evaluate the methodological quality and overall quality of the evidence, respectively. Review Manager 5.4.1 software was used for data analysis, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine heterogeneity, if applicable.Data SourcesSeven databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL and ProQuest, were searched up to 6 December 2023.ResultsSixteen studies involving 1379 participants were included in the systematic review, with 12 studies pooled for meta‐analysis. Psychosocial intervention was effective in anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms among parents of children with cancer. No significant differences were observed in parental stress and quality of life between psychosocial intervention and control groups.ConclusionThis study showed that psychosocial intervention was beneficial for decreasing anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms of parents of children with cancer. Future trials with a more robust methodology are needed to augment current findings.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAs our systematic review showed that psychosocial interventions were effective in decreasing anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms among parents of children with cancer, healthcare professionals could consider integrating psychosocial support for these parents.Patient or Public ContributionThis systematic review had no patient or public contribution.Trial and Protocol RegistrationThis review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022384452) on 29 December 2022. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=384452).
Splitting the penalty by taking turns? Same‐sex mothers' earnings losses in Norway
Authors: Moberg Ylva , van der Vleuten Maaike 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the childbearing trajectories and earnings of mothers in female same‐sex couples (FSSC) in Norway and, through comparisons with mothers in different‐sex couples (DSC), explores three factors behind mothers' earnings losses.BackgroundMothers in FSSC experience smaller earnings penalties following parenthood than mothers in DSC. We investigate three potential reasons for this: the number of pregnancies/births the mother goes through, number of children in the family, and the partner's sex.MethodThe study utilized Norwegian register data, 1999–2021, including 1050 women in FSSC and 168,649 in DSC. An event study was used to estimate labor earnings changes after a first and second child, separately for mothers in DSC and FSSC, and for partners in FSSC who gave birth once, twice, or never, isolating the impact of each factor.ResultsChildbirth/pregnancy was the most important factor. Birth mothers experienced large earnings losses after each pregnancy, with no differences between FSSC and DSC. Likely due to strict regulations, high costs, and low availability of fertility treatments, FSSC had fewer children and (only) 50% switched birth parent for a second child.Conclusion(Birth) mothers' larger earnings losses stem primarily from time away from the labor market in connection with each pregnancy/birth. Mothers in FSSC on average go through fewer pregnancies, possibly explaining their overall smaller earnings penalties in the first 5 years of parenthood.
Weather‐Associated Variations of Device‐Detected Severe Sleep Apnea in Cardiac Pacemaker Patients
Authors: Bilgeri Valentin , Spitaler Philipp , Rockenschaub Patrick , Lehner Fabian , Pfeifer Bernhard Erich , Willeit Peter , Barbieri Fabian , Stefani Ambra , Högl Birgit , Formayer Herbert , Bauer Axel , Dichtl Wolfgang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUsing continuous thoracic impedance measurements, sleep apnea can be long‐time monitored via an electronic device sensor. In the ACaSA trial, 233 patients implanted with a cardiac pacemaker (MicroPort CRM, Clamart, France) were prospectively observed between March 2022 and July 2024. For each night of follow‐up, the burden of device‐detected sleep apnea (DDSA) was measured via transthoracic impedance, defined by a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) ≥ 20 events per sleeping hour. Local meteorological data including maximum ambient diurnal temperature, humidity, precipitation and air pressure change were extracted from the national weather system and linked to the individual patient's place of residence. The association between these weather conditions and RDI in the following night was estimated using a generalised linear mixed effects model. Overall, 74,031 patient‐nights of 210 individuals (median age 75.7 years [IQR 69.9–81.3], 77 [36.7%] female) with a median follow up of 593 nights (IQR 348–755) were analysed. In a multivariate regression analysis, ambient maximum diurnal temperature was independently associated with presence of DDSA. Following days with a maximum of 30°C, the odds of experiencing severe DDSA increased by 1.34 (95% CI: 1.17–1.54, p < 0.001) compared to days with only 10°C. Higher relative humidity increased the odds for suffering from severe DDSA as well (OR 1.19 [1.07–1.33] in 90% relative humidity vs. 65% humidity; p = 0.007). These associations of ambient maximum diurnal temperature and relative humidity with severe DDSA the following night need further investigations, in particular in view of upcoming global climate changes.
Refining the Understanding of Autoimmune Liver Disease Mortality
Authors: Zhu Lingyun , Hua Xingshi , Zhan Libin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe comprehensive population‐based cohort study of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) mortality by Lasyte et al. provides valuable epidemiological insights. Several methodological perspectives merit consideration, including public database limitations, temporal mortality trends and the role of chronic kidney disease as an unmeasured covariate in mortality risk assessment. These methodological elements further enhance the interpretation of this robust AILD mortality analysis.
Distributional Effects of Monetary Policy in the Short Run—Evidence From Norway
Authors: Mimir Yasin , Mæhlum Mathis , Torstensen Kjersti‐Næss 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe investigate the short‐run distributional effects of both non‐systematic and systematic monetary policy on income and wealth inequality using a rich administrative household dataset covering more than two million households in Norway from 1993 to 2015. To this end, we first employ a medium‐scale New Keynesian DSGE model of a small open economy estimated based on Norwegian data to obtain the aggregate effects of non‐systematic and systematic monetary policy on key macro‐financial variables relevant for quantifying the channels through which monetary policy affects the distribution of income and wealth. We then use household‐level microdata to simulate the heterogeneous impact of monetary policy by income and wealth percentiles as well as demographic variables. Our results show that an expansionary monetary policy shock disproportionately benefits the young and households with medium to low income and wealth. These households tend to be highly leveraged homeowners who benefit disproportionately from higher house prices, lower interest costs on debt and a stronger labour market. We find that expansionary monetary policy reduces both income and wealth inequality in the short run and that the systematic conduct of monetary policy in Norway dampens the distributional impact of business cycles on households.
Cosmeceuticals in the Pediatric Population Part II: Ethical Dilemmas and Patient Talking Points
Authors: Goff Gabrielle Keller , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe rise in the use of cosmeceutical products amongst the pediatric population raises several ethical dilemmas, as well as new situations and questions that dermatologists must navigate with patients. Ethical concerns discussed in this review include the marketing of cosmeceutical products directly to children, the influence of social media and trends related to skincare, the use of anti‐aging ingredients by children (who have not yet manifested any aging signs), and the misuse of cosmeceutical products to lighten one's complexion in childhood. We also discuss several related patient talking points for dermatologists to employ with young patients interested in cosmeceutical products.
Characterisation of the Novel HLA‐A*03:01:130 Allele by Sequencing‐Based Typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Wojchiechowski Elodie , Visentin Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHLA‐A*03:01:130 differs from HLA‐A*03:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 266 in exon 4.
The experience of the Turkish Red Crescent blood banks in the 2023 Türkiye earthquake
Authors: Karaca Aziz , Sağdur Levent , Günçıkan Mustafa Nuri , Yılmaz Mustafa , Sözmen Nazlı , Kınık Kerem , Yılmaz Fatma Meriç 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the impact of a severe earthquake on blood donation as per blood safety and donation behaviour.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study included a total of 263 779 whole‐blood donors at the Turkish Red Crescent during two periods: before (25 January 2023 – 5 February 2023) and after (6 February 2023 – 17 February 2023) the earthquake that occurred on 6 February 2023. Demographic data describing the donors, donor types, the number of blood donations by province, blood donations by blood groups, hospital demand, and transfusion transmissible infection (TTI) rates according to donor type were evaluated.ResultsThere was a 129% increase in blood donations after the earthquake. his increase was significant among female donors, younger age groups, and first‐time donors. However, a significant increase in TTI rates was not detected in either first time donors or repeat donors.ConclusionOur study focuses on blood banking activities of the Turkish Red Crescent during the 2023 Türkiye earthquake. While previous disasters have shown excess blood collection, we emphasise the need for a balanced approach to avoid wastage and shortages. Our study emphasises the importance of efficient blood utilisation and the necessity of regular, voluntary blood donations to ensure a stable supply, especially for high‐demand blood groups like O Rh (−).
Net Reverse Transfers from Latin America and The Caribbean: A Critical Note
Authors: Ramirez Miguel D. 
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates whether the surge in private capital inflows Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has experienced in recent decades has also been accompanied by a significant outflow of profits and interest payments to foreign companies and their respective governments. It documents that there has been a massive reverse transfer of resources from the region to the developed countries of the world, particularly during the 2015-2023 period. The amounts transferred are not only large in absolute terms, but also relative to regional gross domestic product (GDP) and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) for several countries of the region, including Chile and Mexico. This represents foregone opportunities for domestic investment in physical and human capital and may further undermine the already strained capacity of the region to generate future income and employment opportunities for its growing population. It is beyond the scope of this short paper to address the important question of whether the financial and technological (managerial) knowhow foreign capital ostensibly brings to the region is enough to offset the negative effects emanating from the unprecedented reverse transfer of resources in recent decades. The paper is organized as follows. The first section focuses on the surge in Net Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) during the 1990-2022 period. This is followed by a discussion of the unprecedented reverse transfers the region experienced during the period, particularly 2015-2023. The third section presents results for a labor productivity growth (error correction) equation for Mexico during the 1970-2020 period and the estimates suggest that, once remittances of profits are deducted, the impact of the growth rate in the net foreign capital stock per worker on labor productivity growth is diminished significantly, ceteris paribus. The last section is the conclusion.
Escuelas monolingües en comunidades multilingües: desplazamiento lingüístico e injusticia(s) en el Vaupés
Authors: Palacio-Hernández Ricardo , Bolaños Katherine 
Published: February 2025

La región del Vaupés se destaca por su diversidad lingü.stica, con unas 25 lenguas pertenecientes a cuatro familias lingü.sticas diferenciadas. Esta región atraviesa un proceso acelerado de pérdida de varias lenguas minorizadas. Existe un vacío teórico sobre las prácticas comunicativas de los hablantes multilingües y del desplazamiento lingü.stico ligado, entre otros, a la educación que ha privilegiado la reproducción de los conocimientos hegemónicos y una orientación monolingüe (en español) en las escuelas, en detrimento de las lenguas y culturas indígenas. Este artículo tiene como propósito contribuir al estudio de las dinámicas de interacción lingü.stica, así como a la discusión y reflexión sobre propuestas de enseñanza inclusivas y sensibles a la diversidad de lenguas, culturas y sistemas de pensamiento de estos grupos. Los datos y las reflexiones que presentamos se derivan de una investigación que combina la metodología de documentación lingüística y un enfoque etnográfico titulada Retos de la educación intercultural y la enseñanza de lenguas indígenas en contextos multilingües. Una mirada a las dinámicas de uso, pérdida y a las valoraciones de la lengua de origen (2022-2024). Se encontró que la escuela en el Vaupés ha contribuido a la hispanización lingü.stica y cultural de estos grupos. Además, el desconocimiento de los repertorios lingü.sticos de sus hablantes promueve procesos de desigualdad e injusticia social y epistémica.
Age Enhances the Effect of Flexibility on Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Runners
Authors: Wasserman Marni G. , Melvin Amanda C. , Stump Olivia E. , Reed Samuel I. , Outwin Jacob R. , Chang Joshua , Davis Fiddy , Lepley Adam S. , Kozloff Kenneth M. , DeJong Lempke Alexandra F. 
Published: February 2025

The primary aims of this study were to determine acute and longitudinal relationships between static flexibility measures and running economy (RE). Seventy-one healthy recreational runners (34 males/37 females, age: 36.4 [12.4] y, body mass index: 23.3 [3.1] kg/m2) completed an aerobic fitness assessment (VO2max) based on self-selected half-marathon race pace (RP) and flexibility testing (standing toe-touch test and weight-bearing lunge test) at baseline and 2 to 3 weeks prior to an endurance running or multisport race (70 [21] d apart). Participants resumed self-selected training and physical activity between laboratory visits. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to assess relationships between flexibility and RE across timepoints, and pre–post changes in flexibility and RE. Interactions between age and flexibility, and experience and flexibility were also investigated. No significant differences (P > .05) were found between flexibility measurements and RE at RP from visit 1 to visit 2, nor were there any significant associations between RE at RP and scores on the weight-bearing lunge test or standing toe-touch test. However, there was a significant interaction between age and the weight-bearing lunge test on RE at RP (ß = −0.0270, P = .018) such that older runners with less flexibility and younger runners with greater flexibility were less economical at RP at baseline. Our findings suggest that reduced flexibility may decrease the energetic cost of running for older runners to a greater extent than it does for younger runners. When prescribing run training intensity and mileage, coaches and clinicians working with masters runners should be cognizant of the potential performance benefits of decreased ankle joint flexibility as well as the overall greater risk of calf injury in this population. Future research should consider the underlying mechanism by which age enhances the beneficial effects of decreased flexibility on RE.
Legal residency status and its relationship with health indicators among Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a nested cross-sectional study
Authors: Ragi Marie-Elizabeth , Ghattas Hala , Abi Zeid Berthe , Shamas Hazar , El Salibi Noura Joseph , Abdulrahim Sawsan , DeJong Jocelyn , McCall Stephen J , CAEP study group The 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundFailure to possess or renew legal residency permits increases the burden on a vulnerable refugee population. It risks detention or deportation, and hinders access to basic services including healthcare. This study aimed to examine the association between legal residency status and health of Syrian refugees living in Lebanon.MethodsData were from two independent nested cross-sectional studies collected in 2022 through telephone surveys. In the first study, all Syrian refugees aged 50 years or older from households that received humanitarian assistance were invited to participate. The second included all adult Syrian refugees residing in a suburb of Beirut. The exposure was self-reported possession of a legal residency permit in Lebanon. The self-reported health outcomes were mental health status, COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and access to needed healthcare services. Separate logistic regression models examined the association between lacking a legal residency permit and each health outcome, adjusted for age, length of stay in Lebanon, education, employment, wealth index and receipt of assistance.ResultsThe first sample included 3357 participants (median age 58 years (IQR: 54–64), 47% female), of whom 85% reported lacking a legal residency permit. The second sample included 730 participants (median age 34 years (IQR: 26–42), 49% female), of whom 79% lacked a legal residency permit. In both studies, lacking a legal residency permit increased the odds of having poor mental health (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.46 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.99); aOR: 1.62 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.60)) and decreased the odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake (aOR: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.80); aOR: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.81)). In the subsample who needed primary healthcare, lacking a legal residency permit decreased the odds of access to primary healthcare, which was statistically significant in the second study (aOR: 0.37 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.84)).ConclusionsThe majority of Syrian refugees from these two samples reported lacking a legal residency permit in Lebanon. This was associated with poor mental health and lower uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, potentially originating from fear of detention or deportation. These findings call for urgent action to support access to legal documentation for refugees in Lebanon.
Exploring influencing factors and facilitating strategies for self-directed learning from the perspective of medical trainees: a multicentre qualitative study in China
Authors: Du Xiangyu , Du Jiayi , Shang Lin , Yin Zhao , Jiang Li 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesExploration of influencing factors and promotion strategies for self-directed learning (SDL) is a current research hotspot. However, there is a dearth of relevant research among medical trainees. The objective of the present study was to explore the perceptions of SDL among medical trainees, while also identifying the multidimensional factors associated with SDL and potential facilitating strategies from the perspective of medical trainees.DesignThis multicentre qualitative study used focus group discussions to gather insights into SDL, analysed through thematic analysis. NVivo V.12 was used for efficient data management and processing.SettingFour focus group discussions were held at three large tertiary hospitals in mainland China from December 2022 to July 2023.ParticipantsThis study used purposive sampling to recruit eligible participants from the selected hospitals, primarily through instructor recommendations. Recruitment was further supported by snowball sampling, where trainees who completed the interviews referred additional participants. Medical trainees from three major tertiary hospitals in mainland China were ultimately invited to participate in the study.ResultsA total of four focus group discussions were conducted involving 17 medical trainees. Thirteen themes were summarised and assigned into three categories: (1) perceptions of SDL among medical trainees, (2) multidimensional factors affecting SDL among medical trainees and (3) potential improvement strategies.ConclusionThis qualitative study investigated the perspectives of medical trainees regarding SDL across various grades and hospitals in mainland China. The participants universally acknowledged the significance of SDL and expressed a strong aspiration to enhance their competence in this area. The study identified that the factors influencing SDL abilities are multifaceted, highlighting the need for tailored intervention strategies to address these challenges effectively.