bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessing the age of the Early Pleistocene Longgupo fauna, southern China: An updated magnetostratigraphic perspective
Authors: SUN LU , DENG CHENGLONG , LIU CAICAI , GE JUNYI , YANG SHIXIA , ZHANG SHUAI , HAN FEI , BAHAIN JEAN‐JACQUES , RASSE MICHEL , BOËDA ÉRIC , HOU YAMEI , WEI GUANGBIAO , HUANG WANBO 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAs the northernmost locality yielding one of the most representative Early PleistoceneGigantopithecus–Sinomastodonfaunas in southern China, the Longgupo site has preserved valuable geological archives that have significantly improved our understanding of Pleistocene biostratigraphy and biogeography. A convincing chronological framework of this locality is therefore important to elaborate on the evolution of Quaternary faunas as well as paleoenvironment. To reconcile the existing geochronological results with new advances in geochronology and biochronology, we present here a revised magnetostratigraphic age model based on detailed rock magnetic and paleomagnetic data and strengthened by biochronology as well as recently published electron spin resonance and uranium series (ESR/U‐series) age data. Two geomagnetic polarities were identified from the Longgupo sequence: the upper one is thin and normal, corresponding to the Olduvai normal subchron; and the lower one is distinctly thick and reversed, corresponding to the pre‐Olduvai Matuyama Chron. The age of the Longgupo fauna constrained by this refined magnetochronological framework is therefore estimated to be about 2.5–2.0 Ma, consistent with the newly published ESR/U‐series age of 2.5–2.2 Ma.
Flipping the Otolaryngology Didactics Curriculum: Results of a Novel Resident Course Structure
Authors: Salmon Mandy K. , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Frost Ariel S. , Maina Ivy W. , Kearney James J. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Chao Tiffany N. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a novel flipped‐classroom (FC) otolaryngology resident didactic curriculum on resident learning.MethodsBased on the preferences elicited in a survey of preferred learning styles of residents, a hybrid web‐based and in‐person FC otolaryngology didactic curriculum was implemented over a 6‐month period in 2020–2021.Resident reactions to the new curriculum were assessed via a second survey. Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare mean stanine scores on the Otolaryngology Training Examination (OTE) exam for topics taught in the new format with topics delivered in the old format.ResultsAfter instituting the curriculum reform, engagement in at least a moderate amount of the pre‐didactic work and synchronous case discussions was reported by 67% and 88% of the residents, respectively. After the curriculum change, residents in years PGY2 and above reported statistically significant increases in self‐reported ability to retain information from didactics, to feel prepared for the OTE, and to feel confident in fund of knowledge (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, and p = 0.004, respectively). Compared to the prior year, mean stanine increased on OTE scores for residents in years PGY2‐PGY5 to a statistically significant degree (5.45 vs. 4.41, p = 0.001) for the topics delivered in the new format compared to topics delivered in the traditional format (5.13 vs. 4.70, p = 0.07).ConclusionBy organizing a didactic curriculum through online modules that incorporate pre‐recorded lectures and external resources, residents reported and demonstrated improved knowledge retention.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:2129–2134, 2023
Factors Leading to Gastrostomy Tube and Tracheostomy Requirements in Patients Treated Initially With Radiotherapy and Salvaged With Surgery and Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Tassone Patrick , Wieser Margaret , Givens Alyssa , Elliott Zachary , Philips Ramez , Curry Joseph , Barrette Louis‐Xavier , Cannady Steven , Mahomva Chenge , Lamarre Eric , Prendes Brandon , Robillard Katelyn , Sweeny Larissa 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivePatients with recurrent oropharyngeal cancer can achieve survival benefits from surgical salvage, and often require simultaneous free‐flap reconstruction. Resection and reconstruction can impact function, leading to tube dependence. Primary objective: describe rates of tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube dependence after oropharyngeal resection and free flap after prior radiation. Secondary objective: evaluate patient, tumor, and treatment factors associated with tube dependence.Study DesignRetrospective, multi‐institutional cohort study. Patients treated from 2003 to 2020. Average follow‐up 21.4 months.SettingFive tertiary care centers.MethodsConsecutive cohort of patients undergoing resection and simultaneous free‐flap reconstruction for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after head and neck radiation. Primary outcomes: gastrostomy tube dependence and tracheostomy or tracheostoma 1 year after surgery. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with dependence.Results89 patients underwent oropharyngectomy and free‐flap reconstruction; 18 (20%) underwent total laryngectomy as part of tumor extirpation. After surgery, 51 patients (57%) lived 12 months. Among patients alive at 12 months, 22 (43%) were at least partially‐dependent on gastrostomy tube, and 15 (29%) had either tracheostomy or tracheostoma. On multivariable analysis, extensive glossectomy (OR 16.6, 95% CI 1.83–389, p = 0.026) and total laryngectomy (OR 11.2, 95% CI 1.71–105, p = 0.018) were associated with long‐term gastrostomy tube. No factors were associated with long‐term tracheostomy on multivariable analysis.ConclusionEven among long‐term survivors after salvage resection and free‐flap reconstruction, rates of tube dependence are significant. This multi‐institutional review is the largest such study to the date and may help inform shared decision‐making.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:2141–2147, 2023
Do financial constraints and corruption limit firms' innovation capability? Evidence from developing economies
Authors: Priya Pragati , Sharma Chandan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effects of financial constraints and corruption on product and process innovation of firms in developing nations. We contribute to the existing literature by analyzing the singular and joint effects of financial constraints and corruption on firms' innovation activities. We examine firm‐level data for 74 developing nations for the period 2015–2020. Our findings show that (a) financial constraints have an adverse impact on firms' innovation, (b) corruption has a positive outcome on the innovation of firms, (c) positive effects of corruption on their innovation decisions are dampened when firms are subjected to high financial constraints, (d) larger, older, and exporting firms that are equipped with foreign technology are more prevalent in innovation schemes than smaller, younger, nonexporting, and technologically disrupted firms.
High‐efficiency genome editing of an extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus using endogenous type I and type III CRISPR‐Cas systems
Authors: Wang Jinting , Wei Junwei , Li Haijuan , Li Yingjun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThermus thermophilus is an attractive species in the bioindustry due to its valuable natural products, abundant thermophilic enzymes, and promising fermentation capacities. However, efficient and versatile genome editing tools are not available for this species. In this study, we developed an efficient genome editing tool for T. thermophilus HB27 based on its endogenous type I‐B, I‐C, and III‐A/B CRISPR‐Cas systems. First, we systematically characterized the DNA interference capabilities of the different types of the native CRISPR‐Cas systems in T. thermophilus HB27. We found that genomic manipulations such as gene deletion, mutation, and in situ tagging could be easily implemented by a series of genome‐editing plasmids carrying an artificial self‐targeting mini‐CRISPR and a donor DNA responsible for the recombinant recovery. We also compared the genome editing efficiency of different CRISPR‐Cas systems and the editing plasmids with donor DNAs of different lengths. Additionally, we developed a reporter gene system for T. thermophilus based on a heat‐stable β‐galactosidase gene TTP0042, and constructed an engineered strain with a high production capacity of superoxide dismutases by genome modification.
Ce 4f electronic spectrum function in Ce3Al intermetallic compound studied via a many‐body method
Authors: Li Ru‐Song , Zheng Xiao‐Hai , Dang Hong‐Tao , Zhou Xiao‐Hua , Huo Ge , Zhang Chuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA first principle calculation is performed on Ce3Al by means of density functional theory combined with dynamical mean‐field theory. We find that j = 5/2, j = 7/2 components are in the metallic and insulating regimes, respectively. Itinerant 4f electrons result in the so‐called virtual charge fluctuations in the context of Kondo model with an average occupancy number of 4f electrons about 1.0. Finally, the so‐called quasiparticle band structure is also discussed for comparison with experimental angle‐resolved photoemission spectrum.
World professional association for transgender health guidelines: 2022 surgical treatment updates in the standards of care for transgender and gender diverse people
Authors: Lai Andrew , Johnson Rachael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction: The World Professional Association for Transgender Health has recently updated its Standards of Care (SOC) clinical guidelines for the transgender and gender diverse (TGD) population. This article aims to outline the 2012 SOC for surgical management of TGD people and describe the changes to the surgical management guidelines in this year's update.Methods and Results: The surgical management guidelines between the 7th and 8th SOC were compared and contrasted. The 8th SCO included language that broadened surgical interventions and emphasized the new responsibilities of surgeons. Major changes include reducing the number of letters of referral by a mental health provider to one for those choosing to undergo surgical treatment.Conclusions: The latest surgical management guidelines for the TGD population emphasizes a holistic approach utilizing a multidisciplinary team in both pre‐ and postoperative settings.
The demands of caregivers of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in different therapy stages and the exploration of possible interventions: A longitudinal investigation survey at a Tertiary Medical Institution
Authors: Liu Yang , Ma Linyu , Mo Lin , Shen Xuelan , Zhong Dahui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the demands of family caregivers of children with ALL at different therapy stages and explore the possible interventions to address their care demands.DesignA longitudinal investigation study.MethodA total of 157 family caregivers of children treated in the Haematological oncology ward of a tertiary medical hospital in China between March and December in 2020 were included in this study. The Comprehensive Needs of Caregivers of Cancer Patients and Families Taking Care of Children Scale was used to investigate the family caregivers of children with ALL. The family caregivers completed the questionnaire accompanied by a researcher within two weeks of each therapy stage, which included the induction, consolidation and continuation stages.ResultsFamily caregivers of children with ALL had many demands that varied based on the stage of therapy. Family caregivers in the induction therapy stage needed more information about their children's disease, having the highest score in information demands (35.60 ± 5.85). The family caregivers in the consolidation therapy stage needed more information on symptom management and socio‐economic support, having the highest score in care and support demands (36.14 ± 5.12). The family caregivers in the continuation therapy stage (including interim and maintenance therapy stages) focused more on their own and the children's social adaptation, so they scored the highest for psychosocial demands (35.96 ± 5.69).ConclusionFamily caregivers of children with ALL had different demands that varied based on the stage of therapy. Medical personnel should be aware of the primary needs of family caregivers at different therapy stages to provide early interventions and support based on their demands, ultimately improving the physical and mental condition of family caregivers and the quality of care.
Molecular methods to study protein trafficking between organs
Authors: Kreissl Felix K. , Banki Michael A. , Droujinine Ilia A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterorgan communication networks are key regulators of organismal homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with a variety of pathologies. While mass spectrometry proteomics identifies circulating proteins and can correlate their abundance with disease phenotypes, the tissues of origin and destinations of these secreted proteins remain largely unknown. In vitro approaches to study protein secretion are valuable, however, they may not mimic the complexity of in vivo environments. More recently, the development of engineered promiscuous BirA* biotin ligase derivatives has enabled tissue‐specific tagging of cellular secreted proteomes in vivo. The use of biotin as a molecular tag provides information on the tissue of origin and destination, and enables the enrichment of low‐abundance hormone proteins. Therefore, promiscuous protein biotinylation is a valuable tool to study protein secretion in vivo.
A single‐center descriptive account of the use of pectoral nerve I and II nerve blocks for post‐operative pain relief following pediatric sternotomy
Authors: Freedman Zachary , AuBuchon Jacob , Montana Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRegional anesthesia between the pectoralis major and minor was first described in 2011 as an alternative method to paravertebral blocks or epidurals for post‐operative mastectomies. Since then, the use of pectoral nerve (PECS) blocks for post‐operative pain management following thoracotomy, sternotomy, and other procedures in the anterior thorax has increased. While experience with this block is growing, the current understanding of its use in pediatric patients is limited. We reviewed pediatric cases at a single institution and provide a descriptive account of our use of PECS I and II blocks for post‐operative pain management following operations involving sternotomy in pediatric patients. We performed a retrospective database analysis of the use of PECS I and II blocks following procedures requiring sternotomy from 2018 to 2021 at St. Louis Children's Hospital. Patients 21 years old and younger who received either a PECS I or II block following a sternotomy for a cardiac procedure were included in the analysis. Patient's demographics, pre‐, intra‐, and post‐operative medications, operative time, extubation status, pain evaluations, and hospital course were assessed from the electronic medical record. From 2018 to 2021, 73 ultrasound‐guided PECS blocks were performed for pain relief for pediatric sternotomy. The most commonly performed operations were atrial septal defect closure (n = 12), mitral valve repair (n = 8), and ventricle septal defect closure (n = 8). Out of the 73 patients, 47 received a PECS I block and 26 received a PECS II Block. 70 of the blocks were administered after closure of the sternum while 3 were done before incision. The time to perform blocks took on average of 6 (±4) min. Mean operating room time was 7.5 h. Local anesthetics used for the blocks were as follows: Ropivacaine 0.2% (n = 54), Ropivacaine 0.5% (n = 18), and Bupivacaine 0.25% (n = 1). Twenty‐five out of 73 patients did not experience severe pain, defined as ≥7/10 on a numeric pain scale, at any point in the first 24 h following surgery. We describe the of use PECS I and II nerve block following pediatric sternotomy. Blocks were straight forward to perform, and typically took a short amount of time to administer (6 min), when compared to the total operating room time (7.5 h). While this study did not include a comparative group that did not receive a block, 34 percent of patients did not suffer from severe pain in the first 24 h following surgery. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of PECS blocks for pain relief following sternotomy in pediatric patients when compared to current standard of care. PECS blocks may be beneficial for a range of cardiac surgeries that typically result in severe postoperative pain.
Aerosol delivery in models of pediatric high flow nasal oxygen and mechanical ventilation
Authors: Wang Ran , Leime Ciaran O. , Gao Weiwei , MacLoughlin Ronan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAerosol drug delivery during high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are key respiratory care strategies available for the treatment of pediatric patients. We aimed to quantify the impact of different HFNO and IMV set‐ups on tracheal drug delivery via a vibrating mesh nebuliser (VMN).MethodsPercent tracheal dose via VMN was quantified during HFNO therapy and IMV in a benchtop model of a 9‐month‐old infant. Under HFNO, 3 cannula sizes were used at 3 flow rate settings with the VMN placed at the dry side of the humidifier. Under IMV, tracheal dose when VMN was placed at the dry side of the humidifier, 15 cm from the wye and between the wye and endotracheal tube (ETT) was assessed. Salbutamol at 2.5 mg/2.5 ml (1 mg/ml) was used for each test (N = 5). The impact of VMN refill on circuit pressure under HFNO and IMV was also assessed.ResultsTracheal dose was highest during HFNO with the largest cannula size (OPT318) set to the lowest flow rate setting of 2 L/min (liter per minute) (5.80 ± 0.17%). Increasing flow rate reduced tracheal drug delivery for all cannulas. For IMV, VMN on the dry side of the humidifier and between the wye and ETT gave optimal drug delivery (4.49 ± 0.14% vs. 4.43 ± 0.26% respectively). VMN refill did not impact circuit pressure for either HFNO therapy or IMV.ConclusionsGas flow rate and cannula size during HFNO and VMN position during IMV has a significant effect on tracheal drug delivery in a pediatric setting.
Ribonuclease T2 represents a distinct circularly permutated version of the BECR RNases
Authors: Li Huan , Schneider Theresa , Tan Yongjun , Zhang Dapeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDetection of homologous relationships among proteins and understanding their mechanisms of diversification are major topics in the fields of protein science, bioinformatics, and phylogenetics. Recent developments in sequence/profile‐based and structural similarity‐based methods have greatly facilitated the unification and classification of many protein families into superfamilies or folds, yet many proteins remain unclassified in current protein databases. As one of the three earliest identified RNases in biology, ribonuclease T2, also known as RNase I in Escherichia coli, RNase Rh in fungi, or S‐RNase in plant, is thought to be an ancient RNase family due to its widespread distribution and distinct structure. In this study, we present evidence that RNase T2 represents a circularly permutated version of the BECR (Barnase‐EndoU‐Colicin E5/D‐RelE) fold RNases. This subtle relationship cannot be detected by traditional methods such as sequence/profile‐based comparisons, structure‐similarity searches, and circular permutation detections. However, we were able to identify the structural similarity using rational reconstruction of a theoretical RNase T2 ancestor via a reverse circular permutation process, followed by structural modeling using AlphaFold2, and structural comparisons. This relationship is further supported by the fact that RNase T2 and other typical BECR RNases, namely Colicin D, RNase A, and BrnT, share similar catalytic site configurations, all involving an analogous set of conserved residues on the α0 helix and the β4 strand of the BECR fold. This study revealed a hidden root of RNase T2 in bacterial toxin systems and demonstrated that reconstruction and modeling of ancestral topology is an effective strategy to identify remote relationship between proteins.
The cribriform morphology impairs Gleason 7 prostate cancer lesion detection on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kazan Ozgur , Gunduz Nesrin , Kir Gozde , Iplikci Ayberk , Dogan Mahmut B. , Cecikoglu Gozde E. , Culpan Meftun , Yildirim Asif 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundProstate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a useful tool for the detection of tumor lesions however, some clinically significant lesions are still missed. We determined whether the cribriform pattern has an effect on lesion detection in mpMRI.MethodsWe reviewed the single‐institution database of the patients who underwent mpMRI before radical prostatectomy. We included the patients only with the Gleason 7 final pathology of open radical prostatectomy with curative intent between 2016 and 2021. Prostatectomy mappings according to the 16‐sector map and cribriform patterns were re‐evaluated by two genitourinary pathologists. Prostate mpMRIs were read by two genitourinary radiologists. If the index and nonindex lesions in pathology mapping were matched with mpMRI as Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System‐3 or higher, it was defined as detectable. We compared the detection rates of lesions with and without cribriform morphology. In regression analysis, we also assessed the factors affecting the detectability of prostate cancer lesions.ResultsA total of 120 patients and 157 lesions were included in our study. While 52 of 83 cribriform pattern positive lesions could be detected in mpMRI, 59 of 74 cribriform pattern negative lesions could be detected (62.7% vs. 79.7%, respectively, p = 0.019). The lesions were also distributed homogeneously according to diameters and analyzed separately. All lesions between 21 and 30 mm with the negative cribriform pattern were detected on mpMRI. However, only 77.8% of cribriform pattern positive lesions between 21 and 30 mm could be detected (p = 0.034). The Higher D'Amico risk group and the absence of cribriform morphology were independent predictors for the lesion detection on mpMRI.ConclusionThe presence of cribriform pattern in Gleason 7 prostate cancer lesions decreases the lesion detection rate of mpMRI.