bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veterinary consumption of highest priority critically important antimicrobials and various growth promoters based on import data in Pakistan
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Orubu Samuel , Zaman Muhammad Hamid , Wirtz Veronika J. , Mohsin Mashkoor 
Published: September 2022

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health emergency driven by the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents in humans and animals. Antimicrobial consumption surveillance guides its containment efforts. In this study, we estimated, for the first time, veterinary consumption of Critically Important Antimicrobials with Highest Priority (CIA-HtP) for Pakistan.

Methods
The study used an export/import database which provided imports data collected from the Pakistan Customs Authority. We investigated imports of 7 CIA-HtP and various poultry feed additives/growth promoters (FAs/GPs) identified from a survey of 10 poultry and dairy farms in Punjab province in Pakistan and a previously published study, over a three-year period of 2017–2019. Antimicrobial consumption was estimated in mg/kg of country’s animal biomass.

Findings
Imports, in tonnes, for these 7 CIA-HtP were for the years 2017–19: tylosin 240.84, enrofloxacin 235.14, colistin 219.73, tilmicosin 97.32, spiramycin 5.79, norfloxacin 5.55, ceftiofur 1.02 for a total 805.39 tonnes. The corresponding antimicrobial consumption was 10.05 mg/kg of animal biomass. The poultry FAs/GPs contained: zinc bacitracin, enramycin, bacitracin methylene disalicylate, tylosin, tiamulin, colistin, lincomycin, streptomycin, flavophospholipol, tilmicosin, and penicillin with a total antimicrobial chemical compound (ACC) import volume of 577.18 tonnes for the years 2017–2019; and an estimated consumption of 96.53 mg/kg of poultry biomass.

Interpretation
These antimicrobials were a mix of macrolides, quinolones, polymyxins and cephalosporins, among which are some also on the Watch or Reserve list by the WHO, indicating the need for stewardship and to conserve essential antimicrobials to contain AMR. The finding that a yearly average of 192.39 tonnes of the ACC imported were FAs/GPs further highlight the need for stronger regulation and enforcement.
Heart rate and diastolic arterial pressure in cardiac arrest patients: A nationwide, multicenter prospective registry
Authors: Han Chul , Lee Jae Hoon ,   on behalf of the Korean Hypothermia Network Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background
Guidelines have recommended monitoring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) in cardiac arrest patients, but there has been relatively little regard for diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and heart rate (HR). We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of hemodynamic parameters at all time points during targeted temperature management (TTM).

Methods
We reviewed the SAP, DAP, MAP, and HR data in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors from the prospective multicenter registry of 22 teaching hospitals. This study included 1371 patients who underwent TTM among 10,258 cardiac arrest patients. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded every 6 hours from the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to 4 days. The risks of those according to time points during TTM were compared.

Results
Of the included patients, 943 (68.8%) had poor neurological outcomes. The predictive ability of DAP surpassed that of SAP and MAP at all time points, and among the hemodynamic variables HR/DAP was the best predictor of the poor outcome. The risks in patients with DAP < 55 to 70 mmHg and HR > 70 to 100 beats/min were steeply increased for 2 days after ROSC and correlated with the poor outcome at all time points. Bradycardia showed lower risks only at 6 hours to 24 hours after ROSC.

Conclusion
Hemodynamic parameters should be intensively monitored especially for 2 days after ROSC because cardiac arrest patients may be vulnerable to hemodynamic instability during TTM. Monitoring HR/DAP can help access the risks in cardiac arrest patients.
Impact of COVID-19 on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A registry-based cohort-study from the German Resuscitation Registry
Authors: Ristau Patrick , Wnent Jan , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten , Fischer Matthias , Bohn Andreas , Bein Berthold , Brenner Sigrid , Seewald Stephan 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
The global COVID-19 pandemic effects people and the health system. Some international studies reported an increasing number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Comparable studies regarding the impact of COVID-19 on incidence and outcome of OHCA are not yet available for Germany.

Materials and methods
This epidemiological study from the German Resuscitation Registry (GRR) compared a non-pandemic period (01.03.2018–28.02.2019) and a pandemic period (01.03.2020–28.02.2021) regarding the pandemic-related impact on OHCA care.

Results
A total of 18,799 cases were included. The incidence of OHCA (non-pandemic 117.9 vs. pandemic period 128.0/100,000 inhabitants) and of OHCA with resuscitation attempted increased (66.0 vs. 69.1/100,000). OHCA occurred predominantly and more often at home (62.8% vs. 66.5%, p<0.001). The first ECG rhythm was less often shockable (22.2% vs. 20.3%, p = 0.03). Fewer cases of OHCA were observed (58.6% vs. 55.6% p = 0.02). Both the bystander resuscitation rate and the proportion of telephone guided CPR remained stable (38.6% vs. 39.8%, p = 0.23; and 22.3% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.77). EMS arrival times increased (08:39 min vs. 09:08 min, p<0.001). Fewer patients reached a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (45.4% vs. 40.9%, p<0.001), were admitted to hospital (50.2% vs. 45.0%, p<0.001), and discharged alive (13.9% vs. 10.2%, p<0.001).

Discussion
Survival after OHCA significantly decreased while the bystander resuscitation rate remained stable. However, longer EMS arrival times and fewer cases of witnessed OHCA may have contributed to poorer survival. Any change to EMS systems in the care of OHCA should be critically evaluated as it may mean a real loss of life—regardless of the pandemic situation.
Hak Anak Angkat terhadap Harta Peninggalan Orang Tua Angkatnya pada Masyarakat Hukum Adat Osing
Authors: Prasetyo Agung Basuki 
Published: September 2022

Sebagian besar masyarakat menganggap keturunan atau anak merupakan unsur yang sangat esensial bagi suatu keluarga. Begitu pentingnya keturunan dalam keluarga, maka jika dalam keluarga tidak mempunyai anak dapat berpotensi terjadinya poligami atau perceraian. Oleh karena itu, pengangkatan anak merupakan alternatif yang dapat dilakukan, agar tujuan perkawinan untuk membentuk keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal terwujud. Pelaksanaan pengangkatan anak berdasarkan adat kebiasaan atau hukum adat masih dilakukan dalam tatanan kehidupan masyarakat adat, karena adat kebiasaan merupakan ekspresi dari keyakinan yang begitu lama tertanam, secara turun temurun, sehingga menimbulkan ketaatan terhadap hukum adat pada setiap warganya. Berkaitan dengan hak anak angkat terhadap peninggalan orang tua angkatnya pada masyarakat hukum adat Osing di Kabupaten Banyuwangi mempunyai aturan sendiri yang berbeda dengan daerah lainnya. Mereka taat menjalankan agama Islam, namun juga masih menggunakan Hukum Adatnya, sebagai hukum yang hidup. Sedangkan hak anak angkat terhadap harta peninggalan orang tua angkatnya, anak angkat berhak atas harta gono-gini dari orang tua angkatnya. Hal tersebut sebagai konsekuensi atas masuknya anak angkat ke dalam hubungan kekerabatan dengan orang tua angkatnya. Jika orang tua angkat tidak mempunyai anak kandung, maka anak angkat tersebut berhak mendapatkan seluruh bagian dari harta gono-gini, sepanjang tidak ada tuntutan dari kerabat orang tua angkatnya. Proses pewarisan melalui musyawarah keluarga.
Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air di Indonesia: Tata Pengurusan Air dalam Bingkai Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Wulandari Andi Sri Rezky , Ilyas Anshori 
Published: September 2022

Daerah otonom diberikan kewenangan mengatur dan mengurus kepentingannya menurut prakarsa sendiri berdasarkan aspirasi masyarakat sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2004 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan Antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah, setiap kewenangan yang diberikan melalui penyelenggaraan otonomi daerah ini menjadi luas, nyata dan bertanggungjawab kepada daerah kabupaten maupun kota secara proporsional. Ini diwujudkan salah satunya melalui pengaturan, pemanfaatan sumberdaya air yang berkeadilan serta adanya perimbangan keuangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kewenangan daerah dalam tata pengurusan serta pengelolaan sumberdaya air yang baik dalam mendukung pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dengan penelusuran kepustakaan yang ditunjang oleh data lapangan sebagai pelengkap. Hasil penelitian adalah kewenangan daerah otonom dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya air yaitu pada tataran lokal, wewenang tersebut meliputi menetapkan pola dan rencana pengelolaan sumberdaya air pada wilayah sungai lintas provinsi. Sedangkan dalam menjaga hubungan dengan negara lain, tetap dikelola mengenai keberadaan wilayah sungai lintas negara dan wilayah sungai strategis nasional. Pemerintah berwenang dalam menjaga kawasan lindung, adapun wewenang pemerintah meliputi penetapan dan pengelolaan kawasan lindung sumberdaya air pada wilayah sungai lintas provinsi, wilayah sungai lintas negara dan wilayah sungai strategis nasional, mengatur dan menetapkan serta memberi izin. Pengelolaan sumberdaya air yang baik dalam mendukung pembangunan yang berkelanjutan adalah berada dalam tanggungjawab pemerintah berdasarkan Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 yang mana Negara memiliki hak menguasai sumberdaya air, di dalam penguasaannya itu dipergunakan untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Di dalam penguasaannya, negara menjamin bahwa pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam oleh generasi mendatang tetap mempunyai sumber dan penunjang bagi kesejahteraan dan mutu hidupnya. Atas penguasaan sumberdaya air tersebut, negara menjamin hak setiap orang untuk mendapatkan air bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari dan melakukan pengaturan hak atas air. Hak penguasaan negara terhadap sumberdaya air harus ditafsirkan sebagai penguasaan untuk mengatur dan mengurus. Sebagaimana memiliki kewenangan sebagai pengatur, perencana, pelaksana, dan sekaligus sebagai pengawas pengelolaan, penggunaan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya air.
Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on mitigating salt-induced Na+ toxicity and sustaining sea rice growth
Authors: Jin Li , Xiao-lin Fan , Yin-ling Zhu , Gang-shun Rao , Ri-sheng Chen , Ting-ting Duan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization on mitigating salt-induced Na+ toxicity and sustaining sea rice growth for perfecting irrigation and fertilization of sea rice. Three irrigation methods (submerged irrigation, intermittent irrigation, and controlled irrigation), three kinds of N fertilizers (urea, controlled release urea, and mixed N fertilizer), and control treatment without NaCl were set up in a pot experiment of sea rice with NaCl stress. The electrical conductivity in root layer soil of treatment with mixed N fertilizer and intermittent irrigation decreased slowly with the growth of rice and was significantly smaller than that of other treatments with NaCl. The Na+ content in sea rice of intermittent irrigation was the least, and that of submerged irrigation was significantly smaller than that of controlled irrigation, but the K+ and Ca2+ contents of three irrigation treatments were opposite to the Na+ content. The Na+ content of treatment with mixed N fertilizer and intermittent irrigation was the lowest, while the K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ contents of mixed N fertilizer and intermittent irrigation were the highest in treatments with NaCl. The cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde contents of rice leaves of mixed N fertilizer and intermittent irrigation were significantly smaller than those of other treatments with NaCl. The rice yield of mixed N fertilizer was significantly greater than that of urea and controlled release urea, and that of mixed N fertilizer and intermittent irrigation was increased by 104, 108, 277, 300, and 334% compared with mixed N fertilizer and submerged irrigation, urea and intermittent irrigation, urea and submerged irrigation, controlled release urea and intermittent irrigation, and controlled release urea and submerged irrigation, respectively. Therefore, the treatment of mixed N fertilizer and intermittent irrigation is worth recommending for being used for planting sea rice on coastal saline-sodic soil.
Total serum vitamin B12 (cobalamin) LC-MS/MS assay as an arbiter of clinically discordant immunoassay results
Authors: Zhang Ruiping , Ma Xiaoli , Zou Yutong , Qiu Ling , Wang Danchen , Tang Yueming , Cao Yongtong , Yu Songlin , Cheng Xinqi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Measurement of the serum levels of vitamin B12 (VB12) is key for evaluating VB12 deficiency-dependent anemia. Immunoassay, the major method for determining VB12, tends to give false-normal results because of the presence of anti-intrinsic factor (IF-Ab) or other factors such as heterophilic antibodies et al. This study aimed to develop a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that is helpful for distinguish false normal VB12 results measured by the immunoassay.

Methods
Different forms of VB12 were derivatized into CN-B12, which was collected through solid-phase extraction and analyzed via LC-MS/MS. 236 serum samples were measured both by LC-MS/MS and immunoassay, results were compared, and the IF-Ab effect was evaluated.

Results
The LC-MS/MS assay afforded a linear slope from 20 to 4,000 pmol/L for CN-B12. OH-VB12, methyl-VB12, and CoA-VB12 showed recovery within 89.3–109.5%. The intra-assay CV of VB12 was 2.6–4.1%, whereas the total CV was 9.3–9.8%. Passing–Bablok regression between LC-MS/MS and immunoassay results showed that the slope was 1.085 and the intercept was −15.691. The Bland–Altman plot showed that the mean difference and difference% were −34.6 pmol/L and 0.3%, respectively. Inter-rater agreement analysis showed that the linear weighted kappa value was 0.885, implying good agreement between the two methods. However, two samples were falsely elevated and one sample was falsely normal in the immunoassay compared with LC-MS/MS. The LC-MS/MS method helped in the distinction of false-normal VB12 results shown by the immunoassay.

Conclusions
The VB12 LC-MS/MS method can be used as an arbiter of clinically discordant immunoassay results.
Effectiveness of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy to improve the cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kumar Goothy Sai Sailesh , Gawarikar Sudhir , Choudhary Anita , Gajanan Govind Potey , Purohit Manju , Pathak Ashish , Chouhan Rohit Singh , Vijay Khanderao Mahadik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of electrical vestibular stimulation in improving cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Methods
Randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04450550). 30 cases of PD, including both males and females were recruited in the study by convenient sampling after obtaining written informed consent. After recruiting, the participants were randomly assigned into two groups. The control group (n=15) received placebo stimulation whereas the intervention group (n=15) received electrical vestibular stimulation administered for 12 weeks. Auditory, visual reaction time and spatial and verbal memory were recorded before and after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks of intervention and compared.

Results
There was a significant improvement in both auditory and visual reaction time of right and left-hand responses. Also, significant improvement was observed in both the spatial and verbal memory of the patients.

Conclusions
There was a significant improvement in the auditory and visual reaction time and spatial and verbal memory in the participants after the electrical vestibular nerve stimulation administration. No side effects were reported by the study participants and they have expressed willingness to continue the intervention after the study period also. The study recommends further detailed studies with a higher sample size to adopt electrical vestibular nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy in the management of Parkinson’s disease.
Multiplexity in Conceptualizing Network Effectiveness in Emergency Management
Authors: Hu Qian , Sadiq Abdul-Akeem , Kapucu Naim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It is essential to apply a collaborative network approach to address complex issues in public management and administration; however, evaluating network effectiveness is a challenge. This study addresses the common and unique elements of network effectiveness in the context of emergency management and proposes the addition of multiplexity to the conceptualization and measurement of disaster response network effectiveness. This study also stresses the importance of identifying the characteristics of and interactions among different types of interorganizational relationships when evaluating the effectiveness of disaster response networks. It further provides effectiveness measures and indicators for assessing the structural properties of multiple types of network relationships. This study highlights the role of preparedness interactions and informal relations as potential solutions to bridging the gap between planning, policy design and implementation, thus improving interorganizational collaboration during disaster response.
Impact of Thermal Nonequilibrium on Flow Through a Rotating Disk with Power Law Index in Porous Media Occupied by Ostwald-de-Waele Nanofluid
Authors: Ragupathi E. , Prakash D. , Muthtamilselvan M. , Al-Mdallal Qasem M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The current study is made to analyze the impact of local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) on the steady, incompressible, and viscous Ostwald-de-Waele nano-liquid over a rotating disk in a porous medium with the various power law index, due to many remarkable applications, such as aeronautical systems, rotating machineries, air cleaning machineries, electrical power-generating systems, heat exchangers, gas turbines, centrifugal pumps. To describe the modeling of the nano-liquid, Brownian movement and thermophoresis are employed with the passive control boundaries. Three temperature model is adopted to distinguish the temperature among the fluid, particle, and solid. The governing transport equations have been converted to a system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by employing von Karman transformation. Numerical results of the flow and heat and transfer characteristics of the fluid, particle, and solid are obtained by applying Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RKF) together with the shooting technique. The numerical results in the present work are compared with the published results for the case of thermal equilibrium and found that they are in good agreement. It is observed that the temperature profile significantly varies with the fluid-particle, fluid-solid interphase heat transfer coefficients and the modified thermal capacity ratios.
Wolfram syndrome in a young woman with associated hypergonadotropic hypogonadism – A case report
Authors: Jodoin Andréanne , Marchand Maud , Beltrand Jacques 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease. Clinical diagnosis is made when nonautoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes is found to be associated with bilateral optic atrophy in a patient early in life. Frequent associations include diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness. Many other multisystemic associations have been described including menstrual irregularities in female and hypogonadism in male patients.

Case presentation
We present a first case of WFS associated with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in a female adolescent diagnosed with WFS both clinically and genetically. Other causes of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) have been excluded.

Conclusions
This case report shows the importance of gonadal function assessment and follow-up in time for both genders.
Hypothalamic GABAergic neurocircuitry in the regulation of energy homeostasis and sleep/wake control
Authors: Jiang Hong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neuron, as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission, has been widely involved in central nervous system (CNS) regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition, emotion, arousal and reward. However, upon their distribution in various brain regions, effects of GABAergic neurons in the brain are very diverse. In current report, we will present an overview of the role of GABAergic mediated inhibitory neurocircuitry in the hypothalamus, underlying mechanism of feeding and sleep homeostasis as well as the characteristics of latest transcriptome profile in order to call attention to the GABAergic system as potentially a promising pharmaceutical intervention or a deep brain stimulation target in eating and sleep disorders.
The New Global Direction: From “One Globalization” to “Two Globalizations”? Russia’s War in Ukraine in Global Perspective
Authors: Benedikter Roland 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Roland Benedikter surveys the views of globalization experts, politicians, opinion leaders, intellectuals, and international media regarding Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. On this basis, he draws conclusions about the impact on – and prospect for – the overall course and further direction of globalization. Given the general turn toward re-globalization that the globe has witnessed already since the mid of the 2010s, the question is if the liberal global order is transiting from the “one globalization” concept – as generated by the open societies of the West and Europe after 1989/91 – to a “two globalizations” system inspired by the joint rise of non-democratic and authoritarian powers such as Russia and China since the 2010s. Their now programmatic aspiration to create a “second world order” or a “parallel globalization” is using Russia’s Ukraine war as leverage to unify anti-Western powers in order to start to compete with the West’s idea of the future on the macro-, meso- and micro-levels. The competition between two different concepts of “globalization” will unfold according to the different understandings of what a productively globalized society – including reforms to be implemented through the re-globalization process – is and should be. The opposition between the authoritarian’s and democrat’s concepts of “participatory” societies is instrumental to shape and drive the contest between the “two globalizations.”