bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthene with Nalco-Trol 1 for Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland, 1979
Authors: Foster R.N. , Reuter C. K. , Henderson J.A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Orthene 75S water-soluble powder formulation of acephate was applied with and without the addition of Nalcotrol 1 (a viscoelastic antidrift additive used at 9 fluid oz/100 gallons of mix) at the rate of 0.094 lb ai/acre to 350 acre plots of mixed grasses approximately 25 miles northeast of Vernal, Utah on July 28 and 29. Both treatments were applied in water at one quart of fluid/acre at 40 psi with a Piper Brave, PA 36-350 PC turbo charged airfract using (18) 8002 nozzles rotated 30° aft. Application speed was 120 mph at a height of 50-300 ft because of surrounding mountainous terrain. The swath width was 60 ft. Pre and post application densities of grasshoppers were ascertained by counting grasshoppers in (40) 0.1m2 rings at 10 randomly selected locations within each treatment. At each site rings were separated from each other by at least 5 yards. Pre treatment counts were taken 24 hr prior to treatment and post treatment counts were conducted 4 and 10 days following application. Rings were left in place throughout the test. The above species were in the 4th instar through adult stages of development and comprised 95% of the grasshopper population: Camnulapellucida (Scudder) 75%, Melanoplussanguinipes (Fab.) 8.7% and M. bivittatus (say) 11.5%. Precount densities ranged from 15.00 to 93.75 grasshoppers/m2 and averaged 47.25 grasshoppers/m2 in the orthene plus Nalcotrol plot. The orthene only plot exhibited densities which ranged from 7.25 to 45.25 grasshoppers/m2 and averaged 19.53/m2. Data were recorded as % mortality and the arc sine transformation was used to analyze the effectiveness of the treatments by using at test of significance for treatment mortalities at each post count time Interval. Forty sweeps were taken at each density sample location to determine species frequency.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Brown Planthopper Control, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To insure adequate brown planthopper populations a resurgence inducing insecticide at 12.5 g ai/ha was applied to all plots at 20, 34, and 48 days after transplanting (DAT). Insecticides were applied at the rate of 0.75 kg ai/Tia In a spray volume of 300 1/ha at 83 DAT. Effectiveness of the insecticides was based on the % reduction in brown planthopper after spraying. Three coded compound.
Residual Control of Greenbugs by Insecticides on Grain Sorghum: Greenhouse Tests, 1977-78
Authors: Staples R. , Kindler S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were run in successive years, test 1 in January and February, test 2 in April and May. In both tests, sorghum plants in the 2-3 leaf stage were completely immersed in emulsions of 5 insecticides at wt/wt concentrations of 1:800, 1:1600, 1:3200, and 1:6400 in water. Two weeks after immersion and weekly thereafter, 3 plants from each treatment in test 1, and 5 plants from each treatment in test 2 were individually infested with 20 greenbugs deposited into the whorls. Equal numbers of untreated plants of the same age were similarly infested in both tests. Greenbugs were obtained from the same culture. Aphids were counted 5-10 days after each date of infestation. Anytime the probability of a larger value of t was 0.4 or more between the mean number of greenbugs for any treatment and that for the untreated check, the residual activity period for that treatment was considered to be completed.
Control of Greenbugs with Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Staples R. , Kindler S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The treatments were replicated 3 times in a complete randomized block design. The plots were 5 rows x 20 ft. To increase the probability of reinfestation following treatment, the tests were conducted in large fields of sorghum and each plot was separated from any adjacent plot by 10 ft of aphid-infested plants. In the 1st test planted wihS the susceptible hybrid NC+ 175, sprays were applied July 16 at preboot stage with a plot sprayer with a boom bearing 1 top nozzle and 2 drop nozzles/row at 35 psi and 40 gal/acre. In the 2nd test planted with the susceptible hybrid RS 671, insecticides were applied July 13 at preboot stage: foliar sprays were applied with compressed air hand sprayers at 30 psi and 100 gal/acre, granular sidedress applications were made with a modified belt seeder, and granular broadcast applications were made with a Whirlibird spreader. Greenbug numbers were counted directly 3 days after treatment and determined volumetrically 21 days after treatment on 15 plants in the outer rows of each plot.
Soybean Looper Control on Soybeans, 1979
Authors: Rohlfs W. Mitchell , Bass Max H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A total of 21 treatments replicated 4 times were applied in 3 separate tests that were initiated on September 4, 7, and 10 on private land near Selma, AL. Plots were 4 rows x 37 ft (0.01 acre) and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer, 3 nozzles per row, delivering 15 gal of mixed spray per acre. Post-treatment population counts were taken 3 days after spraying as follows: a 3-ft drop cloth was placed between 2 rows, bean plants on one row were shaken over the cloth, and the number of loopers falling on the cloth was recorded. This was done twice in each plot.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetles on Burley Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen foliar insecticides were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greenville. Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on May 23. Plots were 20 ft x 3 rows spaced 40 inches apart; plants were spaced 18 in apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated from each other by 5 ft alleys. Five insecticide applications were made on a 14-day schedule, beginning June 3. Sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Live flea beetle counts were based on average number/10 plants. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as average number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 in) from the top of the plant.
Black Cutworm Control on Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Southern P. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An on-farm test was conducted in Yadkin County, North Carolina, to assess the effectiveness of insecticides against the black cutworm. Cutworm activity had been observed before transplant, and treatments were made two days after transplanting. The field had previously been treated with Telone C-17. Treatments were applied between 4:00 and 7:00 p.m. in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plots were 0.03 acre (90 ft x 4 rows) separated at the ends by a six ft untreated zone. Sprayable treatments were applied using a backpack sprayer equipped with three Delavan CE-2 nozzles. Fourty-eight gal of spray per acre were applied at 50 psi. Baits were applied by hand in a band ca 12 in wide over the top of the row. DIpel and Proxol baits were made by mixing the products with coarse-ground cornmeal. Prior to treatment, stand counts were made and all severed plant parts removed. After five nights of cutworm activity (ca 112 hr) a second stand oount was made and the number of plants with cut stalks or cut leaves (determined by the presence of severed plant parts) recorded. Plants with either cut stalks or cut leaves were recorded as injured. All variables were converted to a percentage of the original stand count for preservation and further subjected to an arcsine transformation for analysis. A two-way analysis of variance was performed and treatments compared using Fisher’s Protected LSD Procedure.
Western Spruce Budworm Aerial Field Tests, 1980
Authors: Markin George P. , Johnson David R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticides Bolstar 6EC (Sulprofos) and Imidan IE (Phosmet) were each applied at three dosage rates to 4th and 5th instar spruce budworm larvae in central Idaho, Jun 22-27, 1980. Both materials, except the 1.5 lb Imidan which was applied undiluted were mixed with water, with 0.1% rhodamine dye added as a marking agent. The chemicals were applied by helicopter at 45 mph and 50 ft above rreetops to 40-acre plots. Volume of spray applied was 1.5 gal/acre for imidan and 1.0 gal/acre for Bolstar. Five plots were treated at each dosage rate, with five additional plots for each chemical left as untreated checks. Populations were expressed as mean number of larvae/100 buds and sampled at mid-crown of 15 trees in each plot. Defoliation was assessed from the same sample trees at the 20-day post-treatment sampling period when 5 to 10 percent pupation had occurred. Test results may have been affected to an unknown degree by cool, rainy weather that prevailed for the duration of the test. Rain fell on all plots between 5 and 48 hours after treatment. Total rainfall during the 5 days of spraying was 0.74 inch.
Honeylocust, Mimosa Webworm Control, 1980
Authors: Lewis Donald R. , North Robert C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mimosa webworm control was evaluated using 3 labeled insecticides available to homeowners. A randomized block design with 3 replicates was used. Foliar spray treatments were applied to point of runoff Aug 19 to 22 on 10-20 foot tall honeylocust trees on the ISU campus. Applications were made in early morning using B & G 1.5 gallon hand sprayers. The top quarter of the tallest trees was sprayed but not thoroughly covered; shorter trees received full coverage. Observations for insect activity and tree growth were made periodically prior to evaluation for percent defoliation on Sept 18.
Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar on Wild Plum, 1980
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Young Jerry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eastern tent caterpillar control was evaluated on wildplum. Wild plums 3 to 6 feet high located along a roadside outside of Stillwater, Oklahoma were utilized in randomized and replicated (3X) experiments. All treatments were applied to the foliage and webbing with a two gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were separated by a sufficient distance to avoid spray drift. Temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were 69°F/ 5-8 mph and 81°F, 5-10 mph respectively for Test 1 (May 5) and 2 (May 6). The plants were infested with 50 to 300 larvae per web. Percent mortality was determined by counting live and dead larvae in all webs on each plant.
Rose, Japanese Beetle Control, 1980
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticides were applied to roses to test their effectiveness against Japanese beetles. Plants were sprayed until runoff on July 14 using a 1-gallon B & G compressed air sprayer operated at 30 psi. Temperature at the time of treatment was 88°F. After plants were dry, foliage bouquets were cut and placed in 250 ml flasks which in turn were placed inside 1-gallon wide-mouthed jars with screened lids. The jars were placed inside a walk-in environmental chamber, held at approximately 80°F. Japanese beetles were field collected and 10 placed in each of 3 replicates per treatment plus an untreated control. After 24 hours the number of live beetles was recorded.
Japanese Beetle Grub Control, South Windsor, 1980
Authors: Moore R.E.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of Amaze and one of chlordane were evaluated for efficacy in controlling Japanese beetle grubs In a nursery. Chlordane is currently being used by Connecticut nurserymen for controlling JB grubs and a suitable alternative for this chemical is being sought. The test area consisted of 4 year old yews growing in a fine sandy loam (pH 5.6). The ground was covered with a mixture of annual and perennial grasses plus various broadleafed weeds. The test plots were 5 by 10 ft and contained 3 Taxus plants per plot. Each treatment was replicated 4 times and the test was organized in a randomized complete block design. A pretreatment grub count taken on Sep 10 showed a population of 17.4, 2nd and 3rd stage larvae per sq ft. Twenty 0.23 sq ft cores were randomly selected in the test site for this pretreatment census. During the prespray count no larvae were observed damaging Taxus roots. Most grubs were near the root zone of the ground cover plants. On Sep 15, Amaze and chlordane were applied to the test plots; the granules with a shaker jar and the 2 liquids were mixed with one gal of water for each plot and applied with a watering can. Rainfall for the test period was 1.76 in on Sep 17 and 18, and 0.23 in on Sep 26. Post treatment counts on Sep 29 and 30 were made by counting the grubs collected from 5, 0.23 sq ft core samples taken from each plot. During the test period there was considerable bird activity at the test site. A count of feeding holes on the soil surface was five per sq ft.
Spring Applications of Granular Insecticides for Control of White Grubs in Turf, 1972
Authors: Kindler S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular applications were made on May 9 and 10 with a 2-feet wide Scotts No. 75 applicator on 10 feet by 12 feet plots on a bluegrass golf course at Hastings, NE. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Rainfall and irrigation following treatment provided ample soil moisture and should have washed the insecticides into the soil. One June 7-11, immediately before pupation, six 7 x 7 inch sod samples, 5 inch thick, were removed from each plot to determine white grub and earthworm densities.
Insecticides for Cat Flea Larvae Control, 1980
Authors: Rust Michael K. , Reierson Donald A. , Silverman Jules 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The performance of residual deposits of insecticides applied to carpet was evaluated against 2nd to 3rd instar cat flea larvae. Larvae were obtained from eggs from adult fleas maintained on caged domestic cats. Larvae were provided rearing medium consisting of pulverized dog chow, dried beef blood and brewer’s yeast (20:3:2 by wt). When 7 days old, larvae were aspirated from a thin layer of their media scattered in a porcelain pan. A very common short shag carpet 5/8-inch deep was treated. The carpet had 196 double mulfifiber strands of 100% nylon/sq inch. Discs of carpet (3.5 in diam) were treated with the liquid insecticides sprayed from a custom-made paint gun sprayer equipped with a fine-fan nozzle. The Spray was delivered at 20 psi. Replicated series of discs were sprayed to provide 23.7 mg ai/sq ft when 0.5% concentration was used. Higher and lower concentrations provided proportionately more or less active ingredient. A predetermined amount of aerosol was applied from ca 6-8 in to provide comparable rates of active ingredient with insecticides applied with the sprayer. Sprays of Ficam W and Knox Out were also applied at 20 psi from a 1-gal B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying Systems Multeejet no. 800067 fine-fan nozzle. Sprays were applied at 1-gal/800 sq ft. Three plugs (0.8-in diam) cut from treated and untreated carpet were placed at the bottom of individual 0.8-inch diam x 3-inch glass shell vials. Larval medium (ca 0.1 cc) was tapped to the base of each plug. Ten larvae placed on each plug were maintained for at least 5 days in a desiccator chamber at 80°F, 75% RH. After exposure, each replicate was examined for adults, pupae and larvae. About 95% of larvae in the untreated series could be accounted for, mortality ranging from 0 to 10%. Larval mortality on treated carpet was corrected with Abbott’s formula.
Guinea Pig-

Amblyomma Americanum

Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Hunt L. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The procedure is as follows: Hair on guinea pigs is clipped around the midsection. Then 2 capsule cages containing 12 starved nymphal lone star ticks are attached with contact cement and tape to each animal. Those guinea pigs receiving the candidate compounds are treated 24 h later. An untreated pig serves as the control and provides data for Abbott’s formula. Doses of the active ingredient depend on guinea pig weight, compound structure, LDjrj, and other considerations though the maximum is 30 mg/kg. This amount is formulated in diethyl succinate and administered subcutaneously on 3 alternate days in a volume of&lt;500 ul/injection. About 4-6 days after the 1st treatment, dead ticks in the cages are detached and counted, and/or replete ticks are removed from the capsules and held to observe mortality and nymphal molt. Effectiveness is determined by the percentage of ticks that fail to ecdyse (including dead nymphs that detach without engorging).
The Effect of Bay Sir 8514 on Face Fly Egg Hatch and Larval Mortality, 1980
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four- to 8-hour old face flies were separated by sex and placed into 4-liter, glass jars that had been coated with selected residues of technical grade Bay Sir 8514. Concen. of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 mg/cm2 surface treatments were compared and flies were exposed to the treatment for 1, 3, or 6 hours. Following the appropriate exposure time, the flies were anesthetized with CO2 and removed from the treated jars. Males and females were then combined and placed in untreated jars as follows: 20 treated females x 10 treated males; 20 treated females x 10 untreated males and 20 untreated females x 10 treated males. The same ratio of untreated females and males served as controls. Each combination of flies was replicated 4 times. Food and water were provided as needed and 50 eggs were collected from each replication at 7, 14, and 21 day post exposure. Twenty-five eggs were held for 24 hours to determine egg hatch and 25 eggs were placed in fresh cattle feces to determine larval mortality.
Control of Psoroptes Cuniculi (DELAFOND) Mites on Rabbits, 1975-77
Authors: Fisher W. F. , Wilson G. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rabbits infested with Psoroptes cuniculi (Delafond) were treated during 1975-77 in Albuquerque, NM. Suspensions or solutions containing 0.025-1.2% Al were prepared in distilled water and administered as ear washed (20-100 ml/ rabbit) to rabbits with various degrees of infestation. The suspensions or solutions were held in the ear, with gentle massage, for ca 1 min. In some cases, some scabs were removed before treatment, either to check the status of the population or to collect mites- One rabbit was used for each concentration of the material tested. Control rabbits, either treated with distilled water or left untreated, were included in the test when an ample number of infested rabbits was available. A second application was made on 2 of the treated rabbits, 1 at 9 days and 1 at 10 days after the first treatment.
Swine, Hog Louse Control with Ectiban, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of Ectiban were applied on July 1’79 to two groups of animals in a confinement barn. Each treatment consisted of 4 animals. Group I was treated manually with Ectiban 0.25% Livestock Dust or at a rate of 1 oz per animal. Group II was treated with Ectiban 5.7% Emulsifiable Concentrate with an end concentration of 0.025% at a rate of 1 pt per animal with a pressurized sprayer. Group III was untreated and served as the control. Treatments were applied particularly on the face, ears, neck, dorsal mid-line and approximately the dorsal half of the side. Evaluation was done by counting adult and immature lice and observing eggs.
Apple, Pyrethroid Test, 1980
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Kanour William W. , Starner Van R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various pyrethroid insecticide schedules were evaluated for their influence on the mite predator, Stethoruspunctum. Sprays were applied to 2-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Golden Delicious and a Delicious tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Materials are listed as the amounts/acre/alternate side. Spray dates were as follows: Jul II, 21 and 31; Aug II and 21. Fungicides applied during the season were: sulfur, captan and zineb. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite and A.fallacis was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 90 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3-minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees.
Apple, Spotted Tentiform Leafminer Control, 1980
Authors: Mahr D. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a 40-year-old-plus orchard of full-sized, standard trees near Baraboo, Wl. A full fungicide program consisting of Polyram, Captan, and Benlate was maintained throughout the season. Single tree treatments were replicated 4 times in a completely randomized design. Materials were applied with a handgun to drip. All materials except Larvin and Vydate were applied 7 times on May 23, Jun 4, Jun 12, Jun 24, Jul 10, Jul 29, and Aug 14. Larvin was applied on the last 6 dates. Vydate was applied according to label recommendations: at 30 days after bloom (Jun 12) and 30 days later (Jul 10). Evaluation was made at the end of the season (Sep II). Mines were counted on the apical 10-15 leaves of 10 terminals or fuit spurs taken at chest height uniformly around perimeter of tree. The spotted tentiform leafminer population was not high in this orchard in 1980, but the untreated checks had significantly more mines than all insecticide treatments.
Pear, Codling Moth Control, 1980
Authors: Fye R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of mature Bartlett pears (8x11 trees) was sprayed with 2 oz Al/a of diflubenzuron on Apr 25, May 16, Jun 5 and 27. An adjacent block (3 x II trees) served as an untreated check. The sprays were applied with a hand gun at 450-500 psi until the trees dripped. One hundred fruit were inspected weekly in each of the sprayed and unsprayed plots. Mt. St. Helens erupted 2 days after the 2d application and ca. I in. of ash was deposited on the orchard. Cool weather prevailed until early August and was followed by 2-3 weeks of hot weather.
Control of Mcdaniel Spider on Cherry, 1980
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 16 year old Bing cherry orchard. Multiple applications of Mesurol had been applied the previous year and preceding tests on this year. As a result, high spider mite populations were present at the beginning of the test while predatory mite numbers were low. Plots consisted of 4 single tree replicates arranged in a completely random design. Plots were sprayed to the point of drip with a hand gun at 400-500 psi. Leaf samples consisting of 25 leaves per tree (100 leaves/plot) were collected weekly. Leaves were brushed with a mite brushing machine in the laboratory onto a glass plate. Mites present on the plate were counted with a microscope, converted to mites per leaf and recorded.
Control of Peach Silver Mite, 1980
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 6 year old Early Elberta peach orchard at the WSU Tree Fruit Research Center, Wenatchee. Moderate and low populations of the peach silver and predatory mite were present prior to spray applications. Plots consisted of 4 single tree replicates in a completely random design. Plots were sprayed with a hand gun to the point of drip at 400-500 psi. Weekly samples consisted of 25 leaves/tree (100 leaves/plot). Leaves were brushed in a mite brushing machine in the laboratory onto a glass plate. The number of mites were counted with aide of a microscope, the number converted to mites per leaf and recorded.