bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a phase IV double-blind randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on pneumococcal colonisation using the experimental human pneumococcal challenge model in healthy adults (PREVENTING PNEUMO 2)
Authors: Liatsikos Konstantinos , Hyder-Wright Angela , Pojar Sherin , Chen Tao , Wang Duolao , Davies Kelly , Myerscough Christopher , Reine Jesus , Robinson Ryan E , Urban Britta , Mitsi Elena , Solorzano Carla , Gordon Stephen B , Quinn Angela , Pan Kaijie , Anderson Annaliesa S , Theilacker Christian , Begier Elizabeth , Gessner Bradford D , Collins Andrea , Ferreira Daniela M 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionDespite widely available vaccinations, Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis and bacteraemia. Here, we summarise an ethically approved protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) on pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonisation acquisition, density and duration using experimental human pneumococcal challenge (EHPC).Methods and analysisHealthy adult participants aged 18–50 years will be randomised to receive PCV13, PPV23 or placebo and then undergo one or two EHPCs involving intranasal administration of SPN at 1-month post-vaccination with serotype 3 (SPN3) and 6 months with serotype 6B (SPN6B). Participants randomised to PCV13 and placebo will also be randomised to one of two clinically relevant SPN3 strains from distinct lineages within clonal complex 180, clades Ia and II, creating five study groups. Following inoculation, participants will be seen on days 2, 7, 14 and 23. During the follow-up period, we will monitor safety, colonisation status, density and duration, immune responses and antigenuria. The primary outcome of the study is comparing the rate of SPN3 acquisition between the vaccinated (PCV13 or PPV23) and unvaccinated (placebo) groups as defined by classical culture. Density and duration of colonisation, comparison of acquisition rates using molecular methods and evaluation of the above measurements for individual SPN3 clades and SPN6B form the secondary objectives. Furthermore, we will explore the immune responses associated with these vaccines, their effect on colonisation and the relationship between colonisation and urinary pneumococcal antigen detection.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the NHS Research and Ethics Committee (Reference: 20/NW/0097) and by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (Reference: CTA 25753/0001/001–0001). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN15728847, NCT04974294.
Motor Neuron Disease Systematic Multi-Arm Adaptive Randomised Trial (MND-SMART): a multi-arm, multi-stage, adaptive, platform, phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of repurposed drugs in motor neuron disease
Authors: Wong Charis , Dakin Rachel S , Williamson Jill , Newton Judith , Steven Michelle , Colville Shuna , Stavrou Maria , Gregory Jenna M , Elliott Elizabeth , Mehta Arpan R , Chataway Jeremy , Swingler Robert J , Parker Richard Anthony , Weir Christopher J , Stallard Nigel , Parmar Mahesh K B , Macleod Malcolm R , Pal Suvankar , Chandran Siddharthan 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionMotor neuron disease (MND) is a rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Despite decades of research and clinical trials there remains no cure and only one globally approved drug, riluzole, which prolongs survival by 2–3 months. Recent improved mechanistic understanding of MND heralds a new translational era with many potential targets being identified that are ripe for clinical trials. Motor Neuron Disease Systematic Multi-Arm Adaptive Randomised Trial (MND-SMART) aims to evaluate the efficacy of drugs efficiently and definitively in a multi-arm, multi-stage, adaptive trial. The first two drugs selected for evaluation in MND-SMART are trazodone and memantine.Methods and analysisInitially, up to 531 participants (177/arm) will be randomised 1:1:1 to oral liquid trazodone, memantine and placebo. The coprimary outcome measures are the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) and survival. Comparisons will be conducted in four stages. The decision to continue randomising to arms after each stage will be made by the Trial Steering Committee who receive recommendations from the Independent Data Monitoring Committee. The primary analysis of ALSFRS-R will be conducted when 150 participants/arm, excluding long survivors, have completed 18 months of treatment; if positive the survival effect will be inferentially analysed when 113 deaths have been observed in the placebo group. The trial design ensures that other promising drugs can be added for evaluation in planned trial adaptations. Using this novel trial design reduces time, cost and number of participants required to definitively (phase III) evaluate drugs and reduces exposure of participants to potentially ineffective treatments.Ethics and disseminationMND-SMART was approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Committee on 2 October 2019. (REC reference: 19/WS/0123) Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and a summary provided to participants.Trial registration numbersEuropean Clinical Trials Registry (2019-000099-41); NCT04302870.
Do chronic diseases moderate the association between psychosocial working conditions and work exit? Longitudinal results from 55 950 Dutch workers
Authors: van Zon Sander K R , Ots Patricia , Robroek Suzan J W , Burdorf Alex , Oude Hengel Karen M , Brouwer Sandra 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to examine whether the presence of chronic diseases or multimorbidity moderates the associations between psychosocial working conditions and work exit through unemployment, work disability or early retirement.MethodsData from Lifelines (n=55 950), a prospective population-based cohort study, were enriched with monthly information on employment status from Statistics Netherlands. Working conditions were measured with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Work exit was defined as unemployment, work disability and early retirement. Participants were classified as having no chronic disease, one chronic disease or multimorbidity. Cause-specific Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for age, gender, education and partnership status, were used to analyse associations between working conditions and work exit. Interaction terms were used to examine moderation by chronic disease status.ResultsHigher social support decreased the risk for unemployment, work disability and early retirement. Higher meaning of work decreased the risk of unemployment, and more possibilities for development decreased the risk for work disability. Chronic disease status did generally not moderate associations between working conditions and work exit. Only among workers without a chronic disease, more possibilities for development was associated with a lower risk for unemployment (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.94).ConclusionWhile efforts to retain workers with chronic diseases in the labour market should continue, favourable psychosocial working conditions are important for all workers.
Single and double electron detachment absolute cross sections of H− and D− in collisions with SF6 and CF4
Authors: Yang Yifei , Wang Jinghang , Tian Yu , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: July 2022

Collisional single electron detachment (SED) and double electron detachment (DED) absolute cross sections of H− and D− with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) were measured by using the growth rate method. The energy used in the experiment ranged from 10 to 30 keV. By combining with the available data in references, it was found that SED absolute cross sections reach saturation in the experimental velocity range, while DED absolute cross sections continue to increase as the velocity increases. The SED absolute cross sections of CH4, SF6, and CF4 were proportional to their bond lengths and the radius of the incident anionic projectile within the error range in the present velocity region.
BreathMentor
Authors: Gong Yanbin , Zhang Qian , NG Bobby H.P. , Li Wei 
Published: July 2022

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is currently the third major cause of death--more than three million people died from it in 2019. Given that COPD cannot be cured currently, immediate treatment is crucial. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is widely used to prevent COPD deterioration. Patients are advised to undergo a PR at home to get sufficient treatment in time. Monitoring patients during home rehabilitation can help not only improve patient adherence but also collect data on patients' recovery progress from rehabilitation team's perspective. However, how to track if proper diaphragmatic breathing, an essential part of PR, is taken by a patient has remained challenging. The current monitoring solution still appears obtrusive as it requires the patient to wear two uncomfortable respiration belts. Alternatively, therapists need to monitor the patients remotely through several cameras, which consumes substantial medical resources and causes privacy issues.
In this work, we present BreathMentor, a smart speaker based diaphragmatic breathing monitoring system targeting early COPD stages I and II. BreathMentor is both unobtrusive and preventive of privacy invasion, so that it can solve the existing pain points and suits home care. BreathMentor converts the smart speaker into an active sonar system that continuously perceives and analyses the changes in surroundings, thereby detecting the user's respiration rate, deriving the breathing phases, and classifying whether the patient is practising diaphragmatic breathing. BreathMentor formulates breathing monitoring as a Temporal Action Localization task that enables us to detect each breathing cycle and classify its type. Our key insight is that breathing periodicity and phase duration are natural properties to localize and segment the breaths. Our key design to classify the breathing type is a hybrid architecture encompassing signal processing and deep learning techniques. Further, we evaluate the system performance on fifteen healthy subjects who would not breathe abnormally during diaphragmatic breathing under the supervision of therapists. In conclusion, BreathMentor can achieve robust performance for monitoring diaphragmatic breathing in different environments, as demonstrated in the results. The median error rate of respiration detection is 0.2 BPM, and the I/E ratio derivation is accurate with a mean absolute percentage error of less than 5.9% for breathing phase detection, together with a recall of 98.2%, and a precision of 95.5% in detecting diaphragmatic breathing. Above results indicate that BreathMentor can be used to track the patients' adherence and help monitor their breathing capacity.
Development of the TOA-Related Models for PM2.5 Prediction Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Outbreak over Yangtze River Delta Region of China
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Shi Tingting , Lin Musheng , Wu Junjie , Wang Shuai , Liu Youwen 
Published: July 2022

The lockdown and the strict regulation measures implemented by Chinese government due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic not only decelerated the spread of the virus but also brought a positive effect on the nationwide atmospheric quality. In this study, we extended our previous research on remotely sensed estimation of PM2.5 concentrations in Yangtze River Delta region (i.e., YRD) of China from 2019 to the strict regulation period of 2020 (i.e., 24 Jan, 2020-31 Aug, 2020). Unlike the method using aerosol optical depth (AOD) developed in previous studies, we validated the possibility of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance (i.e., MODIS TOA) at 21 bands in estimating the PM2.5 concentrations in YRD region. Two random forests (i.e., TOA-sig RF and TOA-all RF) incorporated with different MODIS TOA datasets were developed, and the results showed that the TOA-sig RF model performed better with

R

2

of 0.81 (

RMSE
=
8.07

μg/m3) than TOA-all RF model with

R

2

of 0.79 (

RMSE
=
9.13

μg/m3). The monthly averaged PM2.5 exhibited the highest value of 50.81 μg/m3 in YRD region in January 2020 and sharply decreased from February to August 2020. The annual mean PM2.5 concentrations derived by TOA-sig RF model were 47.74, 32.14, and 21.04 μg/m3 in winter, spring, and summer in YRD during the strict regulation period of 2020, respectively, showing much lower values than those in 2019. Our research demonstrated that the PM2.5 concentrations could be effectively estimated by using MODIS TOA reflectance at 21 bands and the random forest.
Extraction, Chemical Composition, and Protective Effect of Essential Oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. Leaves on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice
Authors: He Jing , Zhang Yang , Ouyang Kehui , Chen Lingli , Meng Wenya , Zhang Ying , Wang Wenjun 
Published: July 2022

In this study, the essential oil (EO) was extracted by steam distillation from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv, and the extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum process conditions are as follows: extraction time of 4.57 h, soaking time of 1.33 h, and solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 21.4. Under these conditions, the theoretical yield of EO is 1.5624%. The EO compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 52 chemical components were detected, among which the content of 3-(4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl)-furan was the highest, accounting for 21.43% of the total peak area. The EO showed good antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2

′

-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing power. In this study, we observed the protective effect of EO on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. EO effectively delayed weight loss and reduced DAI score. Histological examination also observed a significant reduction in damage in the EO group. The colon length of mice in DSS group was the shortest, and the colon length of mice in EO treatment group was longer than that in model group, but shorter than that in normal group (

NOR
:
8.17
±
0.39

cm
;
DSS
:
5.57
±
0.93

cm
;
L
−
EO
:
6.47
±
0.78

cm
;
M
−
EO
:
5.98
±
0.58

cm
;
and

H
−
EO
:
6.1
±
0.52

cm

). The GSH activity in the L-EO and SASP groups was significantly higher than that in the DSS group (

P
<
0.01

). SOD activity in L-EO and M-EO groups was also significantly higher than that in DSS treatment group (

P
<
0.01

). MDA was decreased in the EO treatment groups and the SASP group (L-EO, H-EO, SASP:

P
<
0.01

; M-EO:

P
<
0.05

). MPO of EO treatment group was lower than that of model group (the L-EO group was not significant, M-EO:

P
<
0.05

, H-EO:

P
<
0.05

). This study shows that EO can effectively improve the symptoms of colitis.
Configurações e transformações do ensino jurídico em cursos de elite no Estado de São Paulo, de 2007 a 2018
Authors: Fernandes Júnior João Gilberto Belvel 
Published: July 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir as confi gurações e as transformações do ensino em cursos de graduação em Direito de elite no Estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 2007 e 2018. Para tanto analisa os 11 Projetos Político-Pedagógicos editados no período pelas 6 faculdades de Direito mais reputadas no país, assim como as 703 disciplinas obrigatórias criadas por esses documentos, e os currículos lattes de seus 672 docentes. A partir desses dados foi possível traçar perfis em relação ao modo de reprodução desses cursos e ao capital cultural que eles idealmente transmitem ao alunato. A conclusão do trabalho se dá com o cruzamento destes perfis, que permite revelar traços concretos da dinâmica de concorrência e de divisão social do trabalho de dominação no polo dominante do subcampo jurídico-acadêmico paulista.
An FPGA Accelerator for High-Speed Moving Objects Detection and Tracking With a Spike Camera
Authors: Zhu Yaoyu , Zhang Yu , Xie Xiaodong , Huang Tiejun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ultra-high-speed object detection and tracking are crucial in fields such as fault detection and scientific observation. Existing solutions to this task have deficiencies in processing speeds. To deal with this difficulty, we propose a neural-inspired ultra-high-speed moving object filtering, detection, and tracking scheme, as well as a corresponding accelerator based on a high-speed spike camera. We parallelize the filtering module and divide the detection module to accelerate the algorithm and balance latency among modules for the benefit of the task-level pipeline. To be specific, a block-based parallel computation model is proposed to accelerate the filtering module, and the detection module is accelerated by a parallel connected component labeling algorithm modeling spike sparsity and spatial connectivity of moving objects with a searching tree. The hardware optimizations include processing the LIF layer with a group of multiplexers to reduce ADD operations and replacing expensive exponential operations with multiplications of preprocessed fixed-point values to increase processing speed and minimize resource consumption. We design an accelerator with the above techniques, achieving 19 times acceleration over the serial version after 25-way parallelization. A processing system for the accelerator is also implemented on the Xilinx ZCU-102 board to validate its functionality and performance. Our accelerator can process more than 20,000 spike images with 250 × 400 resolution per second with 1.618 W dynamic power consumption.
Estimates of Domestic Cats in Urban Areas Using Interdisciplinary Science: The Washington D.C. Cat Count
Authors: Flockhart D.T. Tyler , Lipsey Lauren , Herrera Daniel J. , Belsley Justin , Decker Samuel T. , Moore Sophie M. , Robinson Erin , Kilgour R. Julia , Gramza Ashley , McShea William , Cove Michael V. , Haston Roger , Slater Margaret R. , Bays Danielle Jo , Boone John D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Accurate information about the number of cats living outdoors and how they respond to different kinds of management are necessary to quell debates about outdoor cat policy. The DC Cat Count will develop the tools and methodologies needed to realize this possibility and make them available for broader use. This three-year initiative represents a major collaboration between animal welfare organizations and wildlife scientists. Its unique and innovative approach is to use the best scientific methods to quantify all subpopulations of cats in the District of Columbia (outdoor, owned, and shelter cats), concurrently test and optimize simpler methods that can be used to measure cat populations by diverse users at scale, and identify the types of interventions that are likely to accomplish desired outcomes most efficiently. Ultimately, we believe that this approach is more likely to improve outcomes for both cats and wildlife than a continuation of the status quo.
Anxiety Management among Non-Clinical Society towards COVID-19 Pandemic in the Iranian Context
Authors: Amani Vadood Javan , Akbari Hamid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on our lives. Many of us are facing challenges that can be stressful and overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of anxiety of non-clinical individuals in the Iranian community towards COVID-19 in Tehran. The present study is a descriptive correlational method with 308 individuals participating in the study through an online recall. A researcher-made coronary anxiety questionnaire with 18 questions was used to collect data. The data were analyzed by using Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency and Guttman’s λ2 method. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Lisrel-8.8 software was used to evaluate the tool construct validity. To standardize the raw scores, they were converted to standard T scores and percentile rank using Jmetrik-4.1.1 software and were prepared as normative tables. The Guttman’s λ2 value for the whole questionnaire was obtained as (λ = 0.922), Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for psychological symptoms as (α = 0.879), physical symptoms as (α = 0.861), and for the whole questionnaire as (α = 0.919). The range of scores of the questionnaire factors and total score of COVID-related anxiety severity based on standard T scores was divided into three domains: mild, moderate, and severe. The increase in psychological and physical symptom scores of coronavirus anxiety was significantly associated with physical symptoms, anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. The fact that anxiety acts as a predisposing and health-threatening variable has confirmed that other researchers should examine its psychometric properties in other populations (especially compared to the clinical population to increase the diagnostic value of this questionnaire) as well as in relation to other psychological, social and medical concepts and variables.
Growth Dynamics of Sulfur Emissions in the Case of SAARC Countries
Authors: Ali Amjad , Salman Aneel , Amjad Fahd , Khan Faridoonc 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Climate change is the hotspot of every political and economic debate around the world. Its impacts are severe, and developing countries are highly vulnerable. Greenhouse gas emissions are growing because of economic expansion and an ever-expanding population. Using a fully modified OLS estimator, this study evaluated the link between sulfur emissions (SO2) and economic indices in SAARC nations. In addition, the study included panel data from SAARC nations from 1975 to 2018. For the long-run connection between variables, the study used panel unit root and cointegration tests. The study also included a trend analysis to comprehend the dataset’s monotone tendency. The findings signify that the GDP growth has negatively influenced SO2 emissions. Therefore, foreign direct investment, trade openness, electric energy production, and population growth positively relate to SO2 emissions. The SAARC countries will promote sustainable economic growth because GDP growth is not influencing greenhouse gases. The demand for energy in SAARC countries is growing by with increasing population and economic growth by integrating different economic corridors in the Asia region, which affects environmental quality through increased economic activities. All the nations need to increase renewable resources for energy generation; otherwise, the problem of the environment remains unsolved. SAARC countries need to change the goods mix in international trade and avoid dirty imports and exports to adopt market-based policies.