bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economics of Changing from Matted Row to Annual Hill System Strawberry Production
Authors: Poling E. B. , Safley C. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The net present value (NPV) criterion was selected for comparing the monthly net cash flows over a 3-year period resulting from replacing matted row (MR) with annual hill (AH) strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) production. In the base analysis, AH culture was found to be a profitable alternative to the MR system. The time pattern of the yield response to AH culture (annual cropping) vs. MR (harvesting limited to years 2 and 3 only) is the major economic advantage of the AH system. Discounting at the end of yearly planning periods instead of on a monthly basis overstated the NPV of the AH system.
Comparisons Between Bacterial Wilt Resistant and Susceptible Gynoecious Cucumber Lines and F1 Progeny
Authors: Staub J. E. , Peterson C. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Four sets of nearly isogenic bacterial wilt [Erwinia tracheiphila (E.F. Smith)] Holland resistant and susceptible gynoecious cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines, along with their companion segregating generations were evaluated under replicated field conditions for flowering date, fruit quality, fruit number, and length : diameter ratio (L:D). In addition to flowering earlier, susceptible lines were higher-yielding and had longer fruits than their resistant counterparts. Although differences in fruit quality were not significant, susceptible lines were preferred by a panel of seven judges. Compared to susceptible lines, hybrid progeny were later-flowering and in some instances lower-yielding.
Identification of Two Linkage Groups in Cucurbita palmata Using Alien Additions Lines
Authors: Weeden N. F. , Graham J. D. , Robinson R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Isozyme phenotypes were used to identify two (P2 and P3) of the six monosomic alien addition lines that have been isolated from a Cucurbita moschata × C. palmata hybrid. Phenotype P2 displayed the C. palmata fumarase isozyme, whereas P3 exhibited two glucose phosphate isomerases and an aspartate aminotransferase derived from C. palmata. P2 also possessed the hard rind trait characteristic of C. palmata. Both the biochemical and the morphological phenotypes were inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion, and no recombination was observed within either the P2 or P3 set of characters. It was concluded that the loci coding fumarase and hard rind were situated on the alien chromosome in P2 trisomics and that the other three loci were on a 2nd C. palmata chromosome possessed by the P3 line. The loci responsible for other C. palmata isozymes either were not expressed or were not located on any of the five C. palmata chromosomes represented in the alien addition lines.
Determining the Interspecific Origins of Clones Within the ‘Saba’ Cooking Banana Complex
Authors: Jarret Robert L. , Litz Richard E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf tissue extracts of Musa acuminata Colla diploid subspecies malaccensis, diploid M. balbisiana Colla, the triploid dessert banana cultivar ‘Valery’, the interspecific hybrid (acuminata × balbisiana) cooking banana cultivars ‘Chato’ and ‘Peli-pita’ and the triploid putative balbisiana-derived cultivars ‘Saba’, ‘Saba Puti’, and ‘Cardaba’ were subjected to isozyme analysis for four different enzymes. Isozyme banding patterns of the interspecific hybrids were generally additive and were a composite of the species-specific forms of each enzyme. Banding patterns for shikimate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and phosphoglucomutase indicate that ‘Saba’, ‘Saba Puti’, and ‘Cardaba’ are acuminata × balbisiana hybrids.
Microcomputer-based Differential Thermal Analysis of Grapevine Dormant Buds
Authors: Wolf Tony K. , Pool Robert M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thermal and differential thermal analysis (DTA) are used to detect exotherms that result from the freezing of supercooled tissues (4). They provide a convenient and rapid means of assessing the hardiness of tissues that supercool, such as the floral primordia of Prunus spp. (3) and the compound buds of Vitis spp. (2). The inability to process a large number of tissue samples simultaneously, however, has been a major limitation of DTA. Ashworth et al. (3) described a computer-assisted data-logging system for recording thermal analysis data generated when Prunus flower buds were frozen. Multiple cooper-constantan thermocouples were used to increase the number of buds monitored on a given channel of a multichannel data-logger. Copper-constantan thermocouples, however, were not adequate with our instrumentation to discriminate exotherms generated by the freezing of individual shoot primordia of compound grapevine buds. Furthermore, anatomical barriers to ice propagation may be negated if thermocouples are inserted into buds to increase exotherm detection (5).
SELECT-A-BERRY, a Small Fruit Cultivar and Nursery Database Program
Authors: Poling E. B. , Kimsey H. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diverse geographical and climatic zones in North Carolina permit the culture of a full range of small fruit crops, including rabbiteye and highbush blueberries, strawberries, blackberries, and muscadine and bunch grapes. However, information on specific cultivars is scattered throughout various horticultural publications and nursery catalogs and is not readily available. We have developed an extension software program, SELECT-A-BERRY, which facilitates retrieval of small fruit cultivar and nursery information. The menu-driven program has been formatted for the Tandy 1000 (Radio Shack, a Division of Tandy Corp., Fort Worth, Texas) microcomputers recently installed in all North Carolina county extension offices, but it will also run on the IBM-PC and other MS-DOS systems with 256 K bytes of computer memory. Although the program is designed primarily to assist North Carolina commercial and home garden extension clienteles, SELECT-A-BERRY can be modified by agreement with us and the N.C. Agricultural Extension Service for use in other regions as well.
Techniques for Water Emasculation and Cut Seedstalk Pollination in Celery
Authors: Ochoa Oswaldo , D’Antonio Vince , Quiros Carlos F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hybridization in celery is a difficult task faced by the breeder due to the complex floral biology. Celery flowers are hermaphroditic but protandrous and are arranged in compound inflorescences or umbels, formed by small groups of flowers or umbellets disposed in whorls (3). The different developmental stages of the flowers in the umbel makes it difficult to control pollinations effectively. Pollen from young flowers will pollinate old ones that have receptive stigmas in the same inflorescence or anywhere else on the plant. Honma (4) reported a useful technique for celery hybridization, which is the standard procedure used today by breeders. The accuracy of this method depends on the faithful drop of stamens before any of the stigmas become receptive; otherwise, accidental self-pollinations will occur.
An Approach to Parthenocarpy in Peppers
Authors: Shifriss Chen , Eidelman Eli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Environmental parthenocarpy leading to seedless fruits is a well-known phenomenon in pepper, particularly when the crop is exposed to low temperatures before and during anthesis. The resulting fruits show large variation in fruit deformation and are of low marketable value. Genetic parthenocarpy controlling even shape may be useful for fruits for both home use and industrial processing. However, parthenocarpic pepper cultivars are an attractive goal that is still far from realization. From greenhouse pot experiments (2) carried out over 3 years with ‘California Wonder’, fruit weights of up to 150 g were obtained with a high correlation between seed number and fruit weight. Linear regression from this study demonstrated that parthenocarpic fruit of ‘California Wonder’ weigh 60–70 g, about half that of the largest-seeded fruit. Fruit of greenhouse plants weigh about half that of field-grown fruit. It is expected that the parthenocarpic fruits in the field will weigh more than 60–70 g. Moreover, in cultivars with “giant” fruits, in which the realization of large fruit weight depends on the genetic potential for weight and seed number, the parthenocarpic fruits are expected to be heavier than in the parthenocarpic Belltype cultivars.
‘AU-Jubilant’ and ‘AU-Producer’ Watermelons
Authors: Norton J. D. , Cosper R. D. , Smith D. A. , Rymal K. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Prevalence of diseases, particularly anthracnose, fusarium wilt, and gummy stem blight, is a major factor limiting production of watermelons in the southern United States. Although satisfactory control of anthracnose and gummy stem blight may be accomplished with the proper application of organic fungicides during normal weather conditions, chemical control is not effective during periods of high humidity and rainfall. Furthermore, the 3 leading cultivars, Charleston Gray, Jubilee, and Crimson Sweet, are not resistant to either anthracnose or gummy stem blight (1,2, 7).
‘Minerva’ Rose of Sharon (Althea)
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Minerva’ is the 3rd triploid Hibiscus syriacus L., commonly known as the ‘Rose of Sharon’, introduced by the U.S. National Arboretum. ‘Diana’(l), NA 32224, with pure white flowers and the first triploid introduction, and ‘Helene’(2), NA 41786, with white flowers and prominent dark-red eye spot, have become highly esteemed and are now the leading nursery cultivars. The introduction of ‘Minerva’ extends the color range to lavender and further elevates the ‘Rose of Sharon’ to an elite summer flowering shrub.
‘Winterset’ Lettuce
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Major reliance for protection of lettuce plantings from lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) in the United States is placed on a seed indexing procedure developed in California (1). The only major crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivar in the United States with resistance to lettuce mosaic has been ‘Vanguard 75’, released by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, cooperatively with the California Agricultural Experiment Station, in 1975 (3). ‘Vanguard 75’ is one of the important cultivars in the mid-February to early March harvest period in the desert districts of California and Arizona. It is also a major early cultivar in the spring season of the San Joaquin Valley. ‘Winterset’ is a new lettuce mosaic-resistant crisphead lettuce. It is suitable for the same periods and districts as ‘Vanguard 75’ and, in addition, is adapted for production in late winter in the desert.
‘Autumn Amber’ Fragrant Sumac
Authors: Hooks R. F. , Oaks W. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Autumn Amber’ fragrant sumac, Rhus trilobata Nutt., should be adapted to areas where other plants of fragrant sumac are found. The species grows at elevations up to 2100 m, from Oregon to the Great Plains States and southward into Mexico. In the southwestern states, it is found on limestone outcrops in central and western Texas, and is common in New Mexico, Arizona, and California. In Mexico, it is native to the states of Nuevo Leon, Chihuahua, Cochuila, Tamaulipas, Durango, Puebla, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, and Colima. Without irrigation, best growth is obtained when planted in areas receiving 30-36 cm of precipitation. With irrigation, ‘Autumn Amber’ is adapted throughout the western states.
Growth Inhibitors: Correlations vs. Causes1
Authors: Dennis F. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth inhibitors have been implicated in the control of many physiological processes, including dormancy of seeds and buds (35, 36, 45), apical dominance (43), root initiation (12), flowering (13, 16, 44), abscission (5, 8, 25), fruit development (11), dwarfism (29, 40, 50) and senescence (26). Despite the abundance of correlative evidence obtained, no cases are known in which irrefutable proof exists for such control. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how correlations may be extended to proof of a causal relationship. For convenience, most of the illustrations will be drawn from studies of seed and bud dormancy.
Publication of Horticultural Research: Some Problems and Alternatives
Authors: Edgerton L. J. , Whitaker Thomas W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
No one will deny that there are problems with the traditional methods of publishing the results of scientific research, and, in fact of all forms of printed communication. These concerns and problems cover a wide range of issues from the increasing cost of publishing a paper in many journals, including our own, to the sheer mass of accumulating journals, periodicals and reference books on our library shelves. The present membership fees have probably placed a burden on some individuals, and the page charges, whether paid by the individual member or through his department’s budget have been a matter of concern. It could be argued that the high page charges should induce or encourage authors to be more concise in their writing. Experience, however, indicates that this does not necessarily follow.
Susceptibility of Apple and Peach Stems to Attack by Pine Voles1,3
Authors: Byers R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stems of 3 peach, 3 apple, and 11 apple rootstock cultivars were compared to ‘Golden Delicious’ apple stems for differences in susceptibility to attack by pine voles, (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) in cage-trials. ‘Ambergem’, ‘Glohaven’ and ‘Elberta’ peach and ‘Halford’ peach seedling stems were significantly less damaged than ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. No differences in susceptibility were detected among the apple scion and rootstock cultivars. In an interplanted peach and apple orchard apple trees were more severly damaged by voles than peach trees.
Inhibition of Friction Discoloration on ‘d’Anjou’ Pears by 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole1
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Mellenthin W. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Treatment with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) inhibited the friction discoloration of fruit of ‘d’Anjou’ pear (Pyrus communis L.). The inhibition was apparently due to inactivation of the pear polyphenoloxidase.
Effect of Duration of Acid Scarification on Endocarp Thickness and Seedling Emergence of Blackberries1
Authors: Moore J. N. , Brown G. R. , Lundergan Catherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Blackbercy seed germination and earlier seedling emergence were increased by extending the duration of sulfuric acid scarification to 3 hours in an ice bath prior to after-ripening. Increased duration of acid treatment decreased endocarp thickness and seed weight A significant negative correlation was found between endocarp thickness and percent germination, but evaluations of different genetic clones indicate that other inherent factors are also involved in seed germinability.
Education for Foreign Students: A U.S. University Perspective
Authors: Rigney J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I approach the subject of “Education for Foreign Students” with considerable misgivings, partially because this topic has been under discussion by groups like this for the past 15 years. The very process of re-examining programs that are appropriate for foreign students implies that we have had some second thoughts about what the professional goals of these students are or should be. Alternatively, perhaps this re-examination results from a feeling that our original views on student goals were accurate but that we adopted poor strategies in achieving such goals. In either case we leave ourselves open to the charge of being presumptious in imputing a set of goals to other people on the basis of our prejudices. If the experience of the past 15 years of technical assistance has taught us anything, it is that we simply cannot successfully impose our own judgement on what other people should do with their own lives and resources. Therefore, it is my hope that some of my colleagues on this panel will be able to shed more light on what the foreign students themselves really feel about the quality of the graduate programs they have encountered in the United States apart from the superficial frustrations they experienced. Let me leave this side of the question to them with only one caveat, namely: the opportunity to study in the United States is by far the most highly prized form of technical assistance in the eyes of the developing nations, and this opportunity will likely have a more lasting effect than anything else we have done.
Evaluation of Single and Double Roof Thermometer Shelters for Recording Minimum Temperatures during a Radiantly Cooled Night1
Authors: Wolnick D. J. , Martsolf J. D. , Dietrich D. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Temperatures in 4 simple thermometer shelters over a 3-1/2 hour period, under nighttime radiant cooling conditions were compared in early June, 1972. Temperatures within shelters having a single roof of wood or plastic were found to be significantly lower than air measured by an aspirated thermocouple. Temperatures in shelters having a double roof of wood did not differ significantly from air temperature. The temperature differences among single- and double-roof shelters were not considered sufficient to warrant the use of a double-roof shelter for orchard thermometer support.
Soil Moisture Stress and Sweet Corn Seedling Development1
Authors: Arnold Charles Y. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pregerminated seeds of 2 cultivars of sweet coin (Zea mays L.) planted in soil that had been brought to various moisture levels were grown to the appearance of the 4th leaf. Successively lower moisture levels resulted in a reduction in the rate of leaf appearance and a progressive tendency for the leaves to unroll more slowly.
A New Technique for Evaluating Changes in Onion Firmness During Storage and a Comparison with Sensory Measurements1
Authors: Crete Rene , Voisey Peter W. , Bernier R. , Larmond Elizabeth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A rapid technique for measuring onion firmness is described. The bulbs were compressed at 15 cm/min, and the time taken for the force applied to change from 400 to 3200 g indicated automatically by electronic apparatus. Since the deformation rate was constant this time was a direct measure of bulb deformation and provided an objective comparison of bulb firmness under controlled test conditions that simulated sensory evaluations. Results showed that the differences between cultivars, the effect of chemical treatments, and storage time can be evaluated. The instrumental results are well related to human evaluations.
The Influence of Growing Temperatures and Leaf Trimming on Nutrient Content in Lettuce1
Authors: Knavel Dean E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants of bibb lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.) were grown in greenhouses from January 6 to March 20 at 2 temperature regimes, one involving a –1°C minimum and the other a 10° minimum. On a whole head basis, only N was influenced by temperature; plants grown at the lower temperature contained more N. Youngest leaves contained most of the N and P, while the oldest contained most of the absorbed K, Ca and Mg. Plants grown at the lower temperature contained more N in the youngest leaves and more K in the oldest leaves. Ca levels were highest in oldest leaves of plants grown at the higher temperature. Trimming off the oldest, cold-injured leaves removed approximately 84% of the total Ca present in the plants.
Induction of Parthenocarpic Fruit Development in Cucumber by Growth Regulators1
Authors: Elassar G. , Rudich J. , Palevitch D. , Kedar N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effect of growth regulators indoleacetic acid (IAA), parachlorophenoxy-acetic acid (4-CPA), β-napthoxyacetic acid (β-NOA), gibberellin (GA3 and GA4+7) and benzyladenine (BA) applied directly to flowers at anthesis, caused parthenocarpy in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), while (2 chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and abscisic acid (ABA) were ineffective. Only synthetic auxins and BA effectively induced parthenocarpy in treated whole plants. 4-CPA was the most effective treatment for induction of parthenocarpic fruits, as determined by number and shape. Application of GA to the entire plant caused increase in vegetative growth, but fruit development was inhibited even under conditions of natural pollination.
Control of Seed-borne Botrytis cinerea (Pers ex Fr.) on Gerbera jamesonii Bolus1
Authors: Orlikowski L. , Hetman J. , Tjia B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Botrytis cinerea was shown to be seed-borne on gerbera seeds. Inoculation of seeds increased damping-off of seedlings from 5 to 90%. Benlate or Thiram at a concentration of 0.1% applied as a dip for 1, 5 or 10 minutes eliminated or reduced the post-germination mortality of seedlings.
A Nutritional Disorder of Red Oak Seedlings1
Authors: Fenn P. , Durbin R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) grown in various planting media without nutritional supplements developed marginal necrosis and puckering on their first whorl of leaves. These symptoms were prevented by supplying Ca++ to seedlings growing in a vermiculite-peatmoss mixture. An exogenous supply of Ca++ was also required for initial growth in silica sand.
Changes in Scientific Names for Certain Crop Plants1
Authors: Terrell Edward E. , Winters Harold F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in scientific names are discussed for the following crops: Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb (almond); Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (buckwheat); Erythroxylum coca Lam. (coca); Lens culinaris Medic, (lentil); Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra); Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (pecan); Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata (southern pea or cowpea); Prunus avium (L.) L. (sweet cherry); and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (watermelon).
A Chemosystematic Study of Musa Cultivars1
Authors: Bonner J. W. , Warner R. M. , Brewbaker J. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peroxidases from certain Musa spp. isolated using horizontal Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 4 major zones of activity and 15 separate peroxidase bands. Good agreement was obtained among cultivars of different ploidy groups when composite zymograms were constructed from gel data and compared to a current taxonomic classification. Three clones of unknown origin were genotypically classified as ‘Hapai’ (AA); ‘Tuu Gia’ (AA); and ‘Eslesno’ (AAB).
Genetic Relationship among Potato Cultivars Grown in the United States1
Authors: Mendoza H. A. , Haynes F. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A coancestry analysis carried out among a group of commercial potato cultivars and breeding lines indicates that the genetic relationship among the presently cultivated cultivars is closer than has been postulated. The lack of genetic variability for yield in variety trails replicated in time and space also indicates the genetic similarity which characterizes current U.S. cultivars. With the recurring use of related parents in breeding programs during the past 20 years, the stability of performance over a wide range of environments has been reduced. The genetic uniformity of the present cultivars may present a potential danger of epidemics, especially in the eventual case of introduction of parasites still not present in the U.S. It is hoped that the input of new sources of genetic variability would permit a greater genetic advance.
Fire Blight Resistance in Pear Cultivars1
Authors: van der Zwet T. , Oitto W. A. , Blake R. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Of 20 cultivars of pear (Pyrus spp.) evaluated for their degree of resistance to fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Windslow et al., following 6 years of epiphytotic conditions, 9 were rated as resistant: (in descending order) ‘Magness’, ‘Moonglow’, ‘El Dorado’, ‘Cornice’, ‘Maxine’, ‘Mac’, ‘Dawn’, ‘Duchess d’Angouleme’, and ‘Kieffer’. Small plots of trees, sufficient to determine very susceptible cultivars, are not adequate to evaluate resistant cultivars.