bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ionizing properties of two bright Lyα emitters in the Bremer Deep Field reionized bubble at z = 7
Authors: Castellano M. , Pentericci L. , Cupani G. , Curtis-Lake E. , Vanzella E. , Amorín R. , Belfiori D. , Calabrò A. , Carniani S. , Charlot S. , Chevallard J. , Dayal P. , Dickinson M. , Ferrara A. , Fontana A. , Giallongo E. , Hutter A. , Merlin E. , Paris D. , Santini P. 
Published: June 2022

Aims. We investigate the ionizing properties of the pair of bright Lyα emitting galaxies BDF521 and BDF2195 at z = 7.012 in order to constrain their contribution to the formation of the Bremer Deep Field (BDF) ‘reionized bubble’ in which they have been shown to reside.
Methods. We obtain constraints on four UV emission lines (the CIVλ1548 doublet, HeIIλ1640, the OIII]λ1660 doublet, and the CIII]λ1909 doublet) from deep VLT X-shooter observations and compare them to those available for other high-redshift objects, and to models with mixed stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission. We use this spectroscopic information, together with the photometry available in the field, to constrain the physical properties of the two objects using the spectro-photometric fitting code BEAGLE.
Results. We do not detect any significant emission at the expected position of the UV lines, with 3σ upper limits of equivalent width (EW) ≲2–7 Å rest-frame. We find that the two objects have a lower CIII] emission than expected on the basis of the correlation between the Lyα and CIII] EWs. The EW limits on CIV and HeII emission exclude pure AGN templates at ∼2 − 3σ significance, and only models with a ≲40% AGN contribution are compatible with the observations. The two objects are found to be relatively young (∼20–30 Myrs) and metal-poor (≲0.3 Z⊙), with stellar masses of a few 109 M⊙. Their production rate of hydrogen ionizing photons per intrinsic UV luminosity is log(ξion*/Hz erg−1) = 25.02–25.26, consistent with values typically found in high-redshift galaxies, but more than twice lower than values measured in z > 7 galaxies with strong CIII] and/or optical line emission (≃25.6–25.7).
Conclusions. The two BDF emitters show no evidence of higher-than-average ionizing capabilities and are not capable of reionizing their surroundings by their own means, under realistic assumptions of the escape fraction of ionizing photons. Therefore, a dominant contribution to the formation of the reionized bubble must have been provided by fainter companion galaxies. The capabilities of the James Webb Space Telescope will be needed for spectroscopic confirmation of these objects.
Einführung neuer Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsmethoden im
G-DRG Fallpauschalensystem – Rückblick und
Analyse
Authors: Braun Marcel , Schoebel Christoph , Rosery Hubertus 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung In Deutschland kann eine zusätzliche Kostenerstattung
für neue Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsverfahren (NUB) in frühen
Marktphasen beantragt werden. Später können diese dann in die
reguläre Erstattung über das G-DRG System
überführt werden. Zielsetzung der Studie ist die Analyse der
Anträge in Bezug auf Art der Innovationen und beteiligter medizinischer
Fachdisziplinen, Erfolgsrate von NUB-Anfragen sowie Transfer in das G-DRG
System.
Methodik Daten zu angefragten sowie überführten
NUB-Methoden wurden aus öffentlich zugänglichen Datenbanken
erhoben. Anschließend wurden diese gemäß ihrer Art sowie
der erbringenden medizinischen Fachdisziplin kategorisiert und statistisch
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Von über 3.400 Behandlungsverfahren, für die in
den Jahren 2005 bis 2020 eine NUB-Anfrage gestellt wurde, erhielten 431 Methoden
den Status 1. Die meisten Anfrage wurden für Pharmazeutika gestellt,
gefolgt von Medizinprodukten, Prozeduren und Diagnostikverfahren. 105 Methoden
(2,6%) wurden in das G-DRG System überführt. Dabei war
für Pharmazeutika die Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen Transfer
höher. Die Mehrzahl der Verfahren mit Status 1 waren der Onkologie bzw.
Kardiologie zuzuordnen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Mehrzahl der über NUB eingeführten
Innovationen wurden zur Behandlung onkologischer bzw. kardiologischer
Erkrankungen verwendet. Ein Transfer aus dem NUB-Verfahren in das G-DRG System
findet selten statt und ist wahrscheinlicher für Pharmazeutika als
für andere innovativen Methoden.
Construction of Indole Skeletons through Direct Catalytic Three-Component Domino Reactions of Vinylarenes, Aldehydes, and Pronucleophiles
Authors: Matsuo Jun-ichi , Hori Fuka , Yoshimura Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-arylindoles was performed by sequential oxidation and reduction of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanols that were prepared by base-catalyzed three-component reactions of vinylarenes, aldehydes, and various pronucleophiles, including nitroalkanes, thiols, and malonates. In addition to indoles, a selective synthesis of an N-hydroxyindole was accomplished. The highly nucleophilic character of transient benzylic anions in DMSO was also clarified for the three-component reactions.
Continuous Infusion of Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor in Surgery: Trials with pdFVIII LFB or pdVWF LFB in Patients with Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Windyga Jerzy , Guillet Benoît , Rugeri Lucia , Fournel Alexandra , Stefanska-Windyga Ewa , Chamouard Valérie , Pujol Sonia , Henriet Céline , Bridey Françoise , Négrier Claude 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background A plasma-derived factor VIII product (pdFVIII; Factane 100 or 200 IU/mL) and a plasma-derived von Willebrand factor product (pdVWF; Wilfactin 100 IU/mL) are approved for replacement therapy by intravenous bolus injections in hemophilia A (HA) and von Willebrand disease (VWD), respectively. However, in situations requiring intensive treatment, continuous infusion (CI) may be desirable to better control target plasma factor levels.
Aim To evaluate the perioperative hemostatic efficacy and safety of these concentrates administered by CI.
Methods Three phase III trials were conducted. Adults with HA (FVIII:C < 1%) (studies 1 and 2) or VWD (VWF:RCo < 20%) (Study 3) received a preoperative bolus followed by CI of undiluted concentrate for at least 6 days. Bolus doses and CI rates were based on individual recovery and clearance, respectively. The initial infusion rate had to be higher for 48 hours for HA and 24 hours for VWD patients to anticipate potential fluctuations of factor concentrations during major surgery. Target levels of FVIII:C in HA and VWF:RCo in VWD were 80 and 70 IU/dL, respectively. Efficacy was assessed using a global hemostatic efficacy score.
Results Studies 1, 2, and 3 included 12, 4, and 6 patients, respectively. Efficacy outcomes were excellent/good in all 22 major surgeries including 18 orthopedic procedures. Most daily measured FVIII and VWF levels (92%) were on target. No safety concerns, thrombotic events, or inhibitors were identified.
Conclusion pdFVIII and pdVWF administered by CI represent an effective and safe alternative to bolus injections in patients with severe HA or VWD undergoing surgery.
Concise One-Pot Multicomponent Reaction Approach to Mono­fluo­rinated Spiro-pyrazole-pyridine Derivatives without Additional Catalyst
Authors: Song Liping , Liu Ying , Zhang Yiping , Zhou Yingkai , Zhang Min , Deng Hongmei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonofluorinated bis-heterocyclic spirocycles: functionalized ethyl 9-fluoro-8-methyl-1,4-dioxo-2,3,6,10-tetraphenyl-2,3,7-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-7-ene-9-carboxylate derivatives were efficiently synthesized from readily available 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione, ethyl 2-fluoroacetoacetate, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate via one-pot four-component reactions in the absence of additional catalyst. In the protocols, ammonium acetate serves not only as the fourth component but also as the catalyst.
Systematic Review of Innovative Diagnostic Tests for Chronic
Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Ritchie Ewan D. , Vogels Sanne , van Dongen Thijs T. C. F. , van der Burg Boudewijn L. S. Borger , Scheltinga Marc R. M. , Zimmermann Wes O. , Hoencamp Rigo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis chronic exertional compartment syndrome is traditionally linked to
elevated intracompartmental pressures, although uncertainty regarding this
diagnostic instrument is increasing. The aim of current review was to evaluate
literature for alternative diagnostic tests. A search in line with PRISMA
criteria was conducted. Studies evaluating diagnostic tests for chronic
exertional compartment syndrome other than intracompartmental pressure
measurements were included. Bias and quality of studies were evaluated using the
Oxford Levels of Evidence and the QUADAS-2 instrument. A total of 28 studies met
study criteria (MRI n=8, SPECT n=6, NIRS n=4, MRI and
NIRS together n=1, miscellaneous modalities n=9). Promising
results were reported for MRI (n=4), NIRS (n=4) and SPECT
(n=3). These imaging techniques rely on detecting changes of signal
intensity in manually selected regions of interest in the muscle compartments of
the leg. Yet, diagnostic tools and protocols were diverse. Moreover, five
studies explored alternative modalities serving as an adjunct, rather than
replacing pressure measurements. Future research is warranted as clinical and
methodological heterogeneity were present and high quality validation studies
were absent. Further optimization of specific key criteria based on a
patient’s history, physical examination and symptom provocation may
potentially render intracompartmental pressure measurement redundant.
Multidimensional Isotropic Magnetic Shielding Contour Maps for the Visualization of Aromaticity in ortho-Arynes and Their Reactions
Authors: Carissan Yannick , Coquerel Yoann , Artigas Albert , Hagebaum-Reignier Denis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVisualization of electron delocalization and aromaticity in some selected arynes, including nonplanar examples, and their Diels–Alder or dimerization reactions was achieved through multidimensional isotropic magnetic shielding contour maps. These maps showed that arynes are generally less aromatic than the corresponding arenes, and that aromaticity peaks during their reactions when approaching the transition state.
Ectopic Varices: A Primer
Authors: Novelli Paula M. , Orons Philip D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEsophageal varices (EV) are observed in patients with cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Ectopic varices (ECV) occur outside the esophagogastric region, are less common, and often more challenging to diagnose and effectively manage. The absence of an EV source on endoscopy should raise concern for ECV in patients with significant non-arterial bleeding within the abdomen or gastrointestinal tract. Patient clinical factors including cirrhosis, portal vein thrombosis, and prior abdominal or pelvic surgery warrant an approach for identifying a treatable ECV source. This article offers a descriptive approach to diagnosing and managing ECV in patients with portal hypertension.
Complex Repair and Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in KDs III and IV Multiligamentous Knee Injuries—Results of Mid-Term Follow-up
Authors: Gan Yudong , Zhuang Jian , Jiang Wenxiao , Zhang Yijun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to describe the longitudinal outcomes of acute repair of extra-articular structure and anatomical reconstruction of cruciate ligament for knee dislocations (KDs) III and IV multiligamentous knee injuries. Forty-seven patients with an acute KD III or IV were treated with one-stage management within 9.2 days. Forty-five KDs III and IV with a follow-up at a mean of 53.2 months were evaluated. The mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score were 81.5 ± 0.7, 89.6 ± 1.2, and 6.8 ± 0.5, respectively. Comparing preoperative data with those at the latest follow-up, significant improvements in IKDC score (p < 0.01), Lysholm score (p < 0.01), and Tegner score (p < 0.01) were noted in all groups. Comparing contralateral knee stability, no statistical differences were found including the varus/valgus (0 degree/30 degrees) and Telos stress radiography. So, acute repair of extra-articular structure and anatomical reconstruction of cruciate ligament resulted in satisfactory outcomes for KDs III and IV multiligamentous knee injuries.
Characterization of Cartilage Injury and Associated Treatment at the Time of Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Mescher Patrick K. , Anderson Ashley B. , Dekker Travis J. , Pav Veronika , Dickens Jonathan F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears with concomitant cartilage injuries resulting in ACL reconstruction (ACLR) with cartilaginous procedures are common in the young, high-demand population. The purpose of this study was to report and characterize cartilage treatments performed at the time of index ACLR reconstruction and to determine if those treatments are associated with revision surgery (of any kind) in the 4-year follow-up. We performed a consecutive series of active duty service members in the Military Health System Data Repository with ACLR with and without concomitant cartilage procedures done at military facilities between October 2008 and September 2011. Patients were continuously enrolled with no history of knee surgeries for 2 years prior to primary ACLR. ACLR failure was defined as revision ACLR within 4 years following the primary ACLR. Of the 2,735 primary ACLRs included in the study, 5.3% (143/2,735) underwent isolated ACLR with a cartilage procedure. Of these patients, 23.07% (33/143) experienced ACLR failure within 4 years after ACLR with cartilage procedures, including 33.33% (11/33) undergoing revision ACLR. We found concomitant cartilage procedures at time of index ACLR to have the following rates of revision 35.59% (21/59) for microfracture, 14.63% (6/41) for chondroplasty, and 13.95% (6/43) for osteochondral grafts. The overall clinical failure rate of service members with ACLR plus concomitant cartilage procedure is 23.07% with minimum 4-year follow-up. Further research should be done to identify modifiable demographic and surgical factors associated with failure. This is a retrospective case-control study that reflects level of evidence III.
Comparative Study of Calculated LDL-Cholesterol Levels with the Direct Assay in Patients with Hypothyroidism
Authors: Sankanagoudar Shrimanjunath , Tomo Sojit , Shukla Ravindra Kumar G. , Sharma Praveen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism is one among the many factors that predisposes one to coronary artery disease. As low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with cardiovascular risk, calculated LDL-C should have good accuracy with minimal bias. Hypothyroidism alters the lipid composition of lipoproteins by the secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, which affects the calculation of LDL-C. The present study aimed to compare 13 different formulae for the calculation of LDL-C including the newly derived Martin's formula by direct assay in patients of hypothyroidism.
Method In this analytical cross-sectional study, a total of 105 patients with laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism, from January to June 2019, were studied, and blood samples were subjected for lipid profile analysis at central biochemistry laboratory. Calculated LDL-C was assessed by different formulae.
Result We observed that calculated LDL-C by Friedewald's, Cordova's, Anandaraja's, Hattori's, and Chen's formulae has bias less than ± 5 compared with direct LDL-C, with Anandaraja's formula having the lowest bias (2.744) and Cordova's formula having lowest bias percentage (−1.077) among them. According to the Bland–Altman plots, the bias in Friedewald's and Anandraja's were equally distributed below and above the reference line of direct LDL-C.
Conclusion This is the first study comparing different formulae for LDL-C calculation in patients with hypothyroidism. Anandaraja's formula was as equally effective as Friedewald's formula when used as an alternative cost-effective tool to evaluate LDL-C in hypothyroid patients. The recently proposed Martin's formula for calculated LDL-C had a higher bias when compared with Friedewald's and Anandaraja's formulae in patients with hypothyroidism.
Subpial Schwannoma of the Cervical Spinal Cord: A Case Report and Its Intraoperative Finding Supporting a Theory of the Pathogenesis of an Intramedullary Schwannoma
Authors: Decharin Payothorn , Suvithayasiri Siravich , Nivatpumin Padungcharn , Trathitephun Warayos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBecause of its tumor origin from nerve sheath cells (the Schwann cells), the pathogenesis of an extraordinary rare intramedullary schwannoma, which should not have any Schwann's cells in nature, is controversial and still in debate. We report a case of a 63-year-old man diagnosed with a cervical cord intramedullary schwannoma with an interesting intraoperative finding that could support one of the theories on its genesis.
Remote Intramedullary Hemorrhage in the Thoracic Spinal Cord Secondary to a Perimedullary Arteriovenous Fistula of the Distal End of Conus Medullaris Mimicking Filum Terminale Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Iampreechakul Prasert , Liengudom Anusak , Lertbutsayanukul Punjama , Siriwimonmas Somkiet , Pongpech Sirintara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPerimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (PMAVFs) of the conus medullaris are rare and usually manifest with progressive myelopathy secondary to venous congestion resulting from retrograde arterialization of the draining vein into the spinal cord. We present a rare case of conus PMAVF presenting with remote intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage in the thoracic cord. A 37-year-old woman was transferred to our institute due to sudden severe pain in the left lower leg and weakness of the lower extremities following progressive paresthesia of the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine revealed spinal cord congestion extending from the conus medullaris to the level of T6 with intramedullary hemorrhage at the level of T8–9 on the left side of the spinal cord. There were abnormal serpiginous intradural flow voids along the anterior surface of the spinal cord extending from the level of L2 to the lower cervical with venous varix at the level of T8–9, probably being the source of hemorrhage. Spinal angiography confirmed conus PMAVF at the distal end of the conus medullaris supplied by the sulco-commissural artery arising from the enlarged anterior spinal artery originating from the left T11 intercostal artery with cranial drainage through the dilated anterior spinal vein into the tortuous perimedullary veins up to the lower cervical level. The patient underwent successful endovascular treatment with N-butyl cyanoacrylate and had gradually improved until being ability to walk independently without residual pain of the left lower leg. We speculated that an increased venous flow into a varix may be considered an important risk factor of hemorrhage.
Perfusion Strategies for Bivalirudin Anticoagulation: AIIMS Protocol
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Hasija Suruchi , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnticoagulation strategies for cardiac surgery are witnessing a change with the identification of serious limitations of heparin, including development of resistance in 3 to 13% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis syndrome in 1 to 5.5% of patients. Heparin alternatives have a potential role in these scenarios. Bivalirudin, a reversible direct thrombin inhibitor, has an onset time of 2 to 4 minutes and half-life of 25 minutes, is eliminated mainly by a proteolytic mechanism, does not require antithrombin III for effect, and is nonimmunogenic. The considerations for extracorporeal circulation are peculiar with its use, and this article outlines the aspects of initiating, maintaining, and terminating cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with bivalirudin as the anticoagulant.
Truncus Arteriosus with Interrupted Aortic Arch: Aortic Arch Reconstruction Without Circulatory Arrest
Authors: V. Bharath , Hote Milind Padmakar , Manjusha CH Naga Sai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTruncus arteriosus (TA) with interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. Traditionally, IAA would require period of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) for aortic arch reconstruction. DHCA may cause myocardial depression and neuro-developmental dysfunction. IAA repair is presently being performed with hypothermic low-flow selective cerebral perfusion and distal body circulatory arrest. Even though this prevents cerebral adverse effects of DHCA, there is still risk to the spinal cord and kidneys.Here, we describe the aortic arch reconstruction by maintaining the total body perfusion without any periods of circulatory arrest in a neonate with TA with IAA.
Rare case of Left Ventricular Hemangioma
Authors: CH Naga Sai Manjusha , V. Bharath , Hote Milind Padmakar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCardiac tumors are rare in occurrence. Among them, primary cardiac tumors that too hemangiomas are further rare. They usually are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally. Preoperative diagnosis may not correlate with histopathologic diagnosis. We report such a rare case of left ventricular hemangioma presented to us with vague chest discomfort, which preoperatively was suspected to be rhabdomyoma or fibroma.
Linear Cephalometric Analysis of Pharynx at the Level of Epiglottis among Snorers and Nonsnorers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rathod Ravi , Devadoss Vimal Joseph , Jadav Baliram , Ninan Reshmi Leila , Kanagasabapathy B. , Ramshad A.R. , Babu J. Suresh , Swarnalatha C. , Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAim Snoring, which falls within the spectrum of sleep-related breathing disorders, is considered to be one of the common symptoms of airway obstruction. Lateral cephalometric analysis is an effective way of diagnosing airway obstruction by evaluating skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The present study was planned to analyze the pharyngeal space among snorers and nonsnorers in the retroglossal region and in the region of hypopharynx at the level of epiglottis.Materials and Methods The present cross-sectional study included a total of 60 individuals who were grouped into snorers and nonsnorers based on their answers for the study questionnaire related to snoring. Digital lateral cephalograms were taken for all maintaining the exposure parameters while Digora software was used for measurements related to the soft tissue parameters. The two significant soft tissue parameters analyzed were the distance of epiglottis from the tip of the soft palate, the retroglossal length, and the distance of posterior pharynx from the tip of the epiglottis, the pharyngeal space.Statistical Analysis The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) while paired t-test was used for intergroup analysis. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The mean retroglossal length was found to be 25.52 mm among the snorers and 23.70 mm among the nonsnorers. In case of pharyngeal space, a mean of 8.54 mm was recorded among the snorers whereas among the nonsnorers, the respective mean value of 10.16 mm was observed.Conclusion In the present study, pharyngeal space was found to be less at the level of the tip of epiglottis among the snorers compared with nonsnorers which can be attributed to be one of the significant reasons behind snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.