bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal Responsibility for Health: Exploring Together with Lay Persons
Authors: Asada Yukiko , Brown Marion , McNally Mary , Murphy Andrea , Urquhart Robin , Warner Grace 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Emerging parallel to long-standing, academic and policy inquiries on personal responsibility for health is the empirical assessment of lay persons’ views. Yet, previous studies rarely explored personal responsibility for health among lay persons as dynamic societal values. We sought to explore lay persons’ views on personal responsibility for health using the Fairness Dialogues, a method for lay persons to deliberate equity issues in health and health care through a small group dialogue using a hypothetical scenario. We conducted two 2-h Fairness Dialogues sessions (n = 15 in total) in Nova Scotia, Canada. We analyzed data using thematic analysis. Our analysis showed that personal choice played an important role in participants’ thinking about health. Underlying the concept of personal choice was considerations of freedom and societal debt. In participants’ minds, personal and social responsibilities co-existed and they were unwilling to determine health care priority based on personal responsibility. The Fairness Dialogues is a promising deliberative method to explore lay persons’ views as dynamic values to be developed through group dialogues as opposed to static, already-formed values waiting to be elicited.
Vibrational and electrochemical studies of pectin—a candidate towards environmental friendly lithium-ion battery development
Authors: Wu Phillip M , Chung Ching Yi , Chen Yan Ruei , Su Yu Hsuan , Chang-Liao Kuei Shu , Chi Po Wei , Paul Tanmoy , Chen Yun Ju , Chen Yeng Long , Wang Sea Fue , Badgujar Pooja , Chen Bo-Nian , Cheng Chia Liang , Wu Maw Kuen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pectin polymers are considered for lithium-ion battery electrodes. To understand the performance of pectin as an applied buffer layer, the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of pectin films are investigated. This work describes a methodology for creating pectin films, including both pristine pectin and Fe-doped pectin, which are optically translucent, and explores their potential for lithium-ion battery application. The transmission response is found extended in optimally Fe-doped pectin, and prominent modes for cation bonding are identified. Fe doping enhances the conductivity observed in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and from the magnetic response of pectin evidence for Fe3+ is identified. The Li-ion half-cell prepared with pectin as binder for anode materials such as graphite shows stable charge capacity over long cycle life, and with slightly higher specific capacity compare with the cell prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as binder. A novel enhanced charging specific capacity at a high C-rate is observed in cells with pectin binder, suggesting that within a certain rate (∼5 C), pectin has higher capacity at faster charge rates. The pectin system is found as a viable base material for organic–inorganic synthesis studies.
Affinity maturation of TCR-like antibodies using phage display guided by structural modeling
Authors: Frick Rahel , Høydahl Lene S , Hodnebrug Ina , Vik Erik S , Dalhus Bjørn , Sollid Ludvig M , Gray Jeffrey J , Sandlie Inger , Løset Geir Åge 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
TCR-like antibodies represent a unique type of engineered antibodies with specificity toward pHLA, a ligand normally restricted to the sensitive recognition by T cells. Here, we report a phage display-based sequential development path of such antibodies. The strategy goes from initial lead identification through in silico informed CDR engineering in combination with framework engineering for affinity and thermostability optimization, respectively. The strategy allowed the identification of HLA-DQ2.5 gluten peptide-specific TCR-like antibodies with low picomolar affinity. Our method outlines an efficient and general method for development of this promising class of antibodies, which should facilitate their utility including translation to human therapy.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients With a First Episode of Psychosis: A Two-Year Longitudinal Follow-up Study
Authors: Bioque Miquel , Catarina Matias-Martins Ana , Llorca-Bofí Vicent , Mezquida Gisela , Cuesta Manuel J , Vieta Eduard , Amoretti Sílvia , Lobo Antonio , González-Pinto Ana , Moreno Carmen , Roldán Alexandra , Martinez-Aran Anabel , Baeza Immaculada , Bergé Daniel , García-Rizo Clemente , Mas Herrero Sergi , Bernardo Miquel ,   2EPs GROUP, Madero Santiago , González Jairo , Andreu-Bernabeu Álvaro , Recio Sandra , Selma Judit , Tonda Maria , García-Corres Edurne , Fernández-Sevillano Jéssica , De-la-Cámara Concepción , Modrego-Pardo Pedro , Escartí Mª José , Pérez-Rando Marta , Vázquez Guillermo , Cristeto Silvia , Sanchez-Moreno Jose , Gimenez-Palomo Anna , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , de la Serna Elena , Contreras Fernando , González-Blanco Leticia , A Sáiz Pilar , Gutiérrez-Fraile Miguel , Zabala Arantzazu , Sanchez-Pastor Luis , Rodriguez-Jimenez Roberto , Usall Judith , Butjosa Anna , Pomarol-Clotet Edith , Sarró Salvador , Ibáñez Ángela , Sánchez-Torres Ana M , Balanzá Vicent 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
A pro-inflammatory phenotype has been related to psychotic disorders. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an accessible biomarker that could be helpful to characterize this systemic inflammation state.

Study Design
This study evaluated the NLR in a cohort of 310 subjects with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) and a matched group of 215 healthy controls, recruited in 16 Spanish centers participating in the PEPs Project. We investigated the NLR measures over 2 years in a prospective, naturalistic study.

Study Results
At baseline, the FEP group showed a significant higher mean NLR compared to the control group (1.96 ± 1.11 vs 1.72 ± 0.74, P = 0.03). These ratio differences between groups grew at the 24 months follow-up visit (2.04 ± 0.86 vs 1.65 ± 0.65, P &lt; 0.001). Within the FEP group, there were no significant differences in NLR across the follow-up visits, between genders or diagnosis groups (affective vs nonaffective). NLR values did not correlate with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale scores. The group of patients who did not reach remission criteria at the end of the study showed a significant higher NLR than those who remitted (2.1896 ± 0.85 vs 1.95 ± 0.87, P = 0.042). A significant correlation between antipsychotic doses and NLR was found at the two-years follow-up visit (r=0.461, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Our results highlight the existence of an underlying predisposition of FEP patients to present an increased mean NLR. The use of NLR in clinical practice could be helpful to identify this inflammatory imbalance.
White Habitus Among Polish White Female Converts to Islam
Authors: Piela Anna , Krotofil Joanna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the question of how the racial habitus of Polish White female converts (PWFCs) to Islam is performed in different social settings. We draw from in-depth interviews with 35 PWFCs living in Poland and the United Kingdom. While the notion of habitus has been used to analyze socialization into Islam, racial habitus has not been analyzed in relation to White converts to Islam. We argue that White habitus is an important concept that elucidates racial positioning among White converts in multiracial Muslim settings. Whiteness, often indexed in the data as “Europeanness,” is foundational for the PWFC identity. Furthermore, we extend the understanding of how Whiteness operates in Eastern Europe through the analysis of the White habitus among those who occupy non-normative places in racial and religious hierarchies. Thus, this article contributes to a growing body of scholarship on decentering Whiteness in Eastern Europe.
The dark septate endophyte Phialocephala sphaeroides suppresses conifer pathogen transcripts and promotes root growth of Norway spruce
Authors: Wang Kai , Wen Zilan , Asiegbu Fred O 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Plant-associated microbes including dark septate endophytes (DSEs) of forest trees play diverse functional roles in host fitness including growth promotion and increased defence. However, little is known about the impact on the fungal transcriptome and metabolites during tripartite interaction involving plant host, endophyte and pathogen. To understand the transcriptional regulation of endophyte and pathogen during co-infection, Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings were infected with DSE Phialocephala sphaeroides, or conifer root-rot pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum, or both. Phialocephala sphaeroides showed low but stable transcripts abundance (a decrease of 40%) during interaction with Norway spruce and conifer pathogen. By contrast, H. parviporum transcripts were significantly reduced (92%) during co-infection. With RNA sequencing analysis, P. sphaeroides experienced a shift from cell growth to anti-stress and antagonistic responses, while it repressed the ability of H. parviporum to access carbohydrate nutrients by suppressing its carbohydrate/polysaccharide-degrading enzyme machinery. The pathogen on the other hand secreted cysteine peptidase to restrict free growth of P. sphaeroides. The expression of both DSE P. sphaeroides and pathogen H. parviporum genes encoding plant growth promotion products were equally detected in both dual and tripartite interaction systems. This was further supported by the presence of tryptophan-dependent indolic compound in liquid culture of P. sphaeroides. Norway spruce and Arabidopsis seedlings treated with P. sphaeroides culture filtrate exhibited auxin-like phenotypes, such as enhanced root hairs, and primary root elongation at low concentration but shortened primary root at high concentration. The results suggested that the presence of the endophyte had strong repressive or suppressive effect on H. parviporum transcripts encoding genes involved in nutrient acquisition.
Comparison of Clinical Profiles and Mortality Outcomes Between Influenza and COVID-19 Patients Invasively Ventilated in the ICU: A Retrospective Study From All Paris Public Hospitals From 2016 to 2021
Authors: Marois Clémence , Nedelec Thomas , Pelle Juliette , Rozes Antoine , Durrleman Stanley , Dufouil Carole , Demoule Alexandre 
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Studies comparing outcomes of ICU patients admitted for either COVID-19 or seasonal influenza are limited. Our objective was to describe baseline clinical profiles, care procedures, and mortality outcomes by infection status (influenza vs COVID-19) of patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU.

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
Data were extracted from the Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris database from September 1, 2016, to April 20, 2021. It includes data from the 39 university hospitals.

PATIENTS:
A total of 752 influenza adult patients and 3,465 COVID-19 adult patients received invasive mechanical ventilation in one of the ICUs of the Paris area university hospitals, France.

INTERVENTION:
The characteristics and outcome by infection status were compared. Factors associated with mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models after controlling for potential confounders, including infection status.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
The median age at admission to the ICU was 67 (interquartile range [IQR], 57–77) and 63 yr (IQR, 54–71 yr) for influenza and COVID-19 patients, respectively. At ICU admission, COVID-19 patients were more frequently obese, more frequently had diabetes mellitus or high blood pressure, and were less likely to have chronic heart failure, chronic respiratory disease, chronic kidney failure, or active cancer than influenza patients. The overall survival at 90 days was 57% for COVID-19 patients and 66% for influenza patients (p < 0.001). In a multivariable Cox model, higher age, organ transplant, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and chronic kidney failure were associated with shorter survival, whereas obesity and high blood pressure were associated with longer survival after invasive ventilation.

CONCLUSIONS:
COVID-19 and influenza patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU differed by many characteristics. COVID-19 patients showed lower survival independently of potential confounders.
Trends in Early and Late Mortality in Patients With Severe Acute Pancreatitis Admitted to ICUs: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Wolbrink Daniel R. J. , van de Poll Marcel C. G. , Termorshuizen Fabian , de Keizer Nicolette F. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. , Schnabel Ronny , Dejong Cees H. C. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Besselink Marc G. , van Goor Harry , Bouwense Stefan A. W. , van Bussel Bas C. T. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group and the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) Collaborators
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVES:
To investigate national mortality trends over a 12-year period for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) admitted to Dutch ICUs. Additionally, an assessment of outcome in SAP was undertaken to differentiate between early (< 14 d of ICU admission) and late (> 14 d of ICU admission) mortality.

DESIGN:
Data from the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation and health insurance companies’ databases were extracted. Outcomes included 14-day, ICU, hospital, and 1-year mortality. Mortality before and after 2010 was compared using mixed logistic regression and mixed Cox proportional-hazards models. Sensitivity analyses, excluding early mortality, were performed to assess trends in late mortality.

SETTING:
Not applicable.

PATIENTS:
Consecutive adult patients with SAP admitted to all 81 Dutch ICUs between 2007 and 2018.

INTERVENTIONS:
Not applicable.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Among 4,160 patients treated in 81 ICUs, 14-day mortality was 17%, ICU mortality 17%, hospital mortality 23%, and 1-year mortality 33%. After 2010 in-hospital mortality adjusted for age, sex, modified Marshall, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores were lower (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61–0.94) than before 2010. There was no change in ICU and 1-year mortality. Sensitivity analyses excluding patients with early mortality demonstrated a decreased ICU mortality (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.32–0.64), decreased in-hospital (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36–0.63), and decreased 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.96) after 2010 compared with 2007–2010.

CONCLUSIONS:
Over the 12-year period examined, mortality in patients with SAP admitted to Dutch ICUs did not change, although after 2010 late mortality decreased. Novel therapies should focus on preventing early mortality in SAP.
BREAST-Q and Donor Site Comparison in Bilateral Stacked Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Haddock Nicholas T. , Dickey Ryan M. , Perez Kevin , Garza Ricardo , Liu Yulun , Teotia Sumeet S. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Patients undergoing bilateral autologous breast reconstruction may benefit from increased flap volume using bilateral stacked deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and profunda artery perforator (PAP) flaps. Our aim was to characterize the donor site morbidity and patient-reported outcomes in four-flap breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Retrospective review was performed for all patients undergoing four-flap breast reconstruction by two surgeons between January 2010 and September 2021. Outcome measures including the BREAST-Q reconstructive module, the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), inpatient surgical site pain scores by numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and a postoperative subjective survey comparing donor sites were obtained. Four-flap BREAST-Q scores were compared with bilateral DIEP and bilateral PAP patients.

Results:
A total of 79 patients undergoing four-flap breast reconstruction were identified. Four-flap BREAST-Q scores (n = 56) were similar to bilateral DIEP and bilateral PAP reconstruction patients. Long-term survey outcomes from the LEFS demonstrated improved score trend after 6 months. Mean instances of donor site pain location recorded at the abdomen were significantly higher than the thigh during the postoperative admission. Subjective survey data revealed more long-term donor site pain at the PAP site, a patient preference for the DIEP donor site, and easier postoperative care for the DIEP donor site.

Conclusions:
This is the largest consecutive series of four-flap breast reconstruction outcomes reported to date. BREAST-Q scores in four-flap patients demonstrate overall patient satisfaction that is similar to both bilateral DIEP and bilateral PAP reconstruction patients. The DIEP donor site appears to be preferred by patients over the PAP donor site.
Targeted Nipple Areola Complex Reinnervation: Technical Considerations and Surgical Efficiency in Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Gfrerer Lisa , Sager Jessica Erdmann , Ford Olivia Abbate , Carty Matthew J. , Verdial Francys C. , Gadd Michele A. , Specht Michelle C. , Winograd Jonathan M. , Valerio Ian L. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Despite promising pilot study results, adoption of neurotization of immediate implant-based reconstructions has not occurred.

Methods:
For surgeons interested in adopting breast reinnervation techniques, we present ways to overcome initial barriers by decreasing operative time and maximizing chances of sensory recovery.

Results:
We discuss the combined experience at two academic teaching hospitals, where neurotization of both immediate tissue expander cases and direct-to-implant reconstructions are performed through varying mastectomy incisions.

Conclusion:
Initial barriers can be overcome by shortening operative time and providing an individualized reinnervation approach that aims to increase the chance of meaningful sensation.
Physical Therapy Management of Functional Constipation in Adults: A 2021 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Physical Therapy Association's Academy of Pelvic Health Physical Therapy
Authors: LaCross Jennifer A. , Borello-France Diane , Marchetti Gregory F. , Turner Rose , George Susan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Functional constipation, diagnosed by physicians utilizing the Rome criteria, is a nonpathologic bowel condition resulting in difficulty with defecation. Adults with functional constipation experience infrequent defecation and may strain and/or use manual maneuvers to produce a bowel movement. Physical therapy should be offered as part of conservative intervention. The goals of this guideline were to describe the available evidence and create a reference document of evidence for physical therapists managing adults with functional constipation symptoms.

Methods:
A systematic search of the literature was performed for articles published between 1990 and 2019 related to physical therapy interventions for adult functional constipation. A summary of details including benefits, risks, harms, and costs related to each intervention category is provided.

Results:
Strong evidence suggests that physical therapists should offer biofeedback interventions to their patients with functional constipation, including either electromyographic, rectal balloon catheter, or anorectal manometry biofeedback. Moderate evidence supports the use of manual therapy, whereas weak evidence was found to support the use of electrical stimulation to manage adult functional constipation. Finally, although we were not able to grade the evidence for the use of patient education and therapeutic exercise in the physical therapy management of functional constipation, we did provide a summary of these interventions in the literature.

Discussion/Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that physical therapists can confidently include biofeedback interventions into the plan of care for adults with functional constipation, as they are supported by strong evidence. Manual therapy also provided a degree of evidence suitable to recommend its use.
Clinical Performance, Safety, and Patient-Reported Outcomes of an Active Osseointegrated Steady-State Implant System
Authors: Briggs Robert , Birman Catherine S. , Baulderstone Nicholas , Lewis Aaran T. , Ng Iris H.Y. , Östblom Anna , Rousset Alex , Tari Sylvia , Tong Michael C.F. , Cowan Robert 
Published: July 2022

Objective
To investigate the clinical performance, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of an active osseointegrated steady-state implant system that uses piezoelectric technology.

Study Design
A prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, within-subject clinical investigation.

Setting
Three tertiary referral clinical centers located in Melbourne, Sydney, and Hong Kong.

Patients
Twenty-nine adult subjects, 24 with mixed hearing loss or conductive hearing loss and 5 with single-sided sensorineural deafness.

Intervention
Implantation with the Cochlear Osia 2 System.

Main Outcome Measures
Audiological threshold evaluation and speech recognition in quiet and in noise. Patient satisfaction and safety.

Results
At 6-month follow-up after surgery, a mean improvement in pure-tone average of 26.0 dB hearing level and a mean improvement of 8.8 dB signal-to-noise ratio in speech reception threshold in noise was achieved with the investigational device as compared with the unaided situation. Usability of the investigational device was rated 71.4/100 mm for sound processor retention and 81.4/100 mm for overall comfort using a visual analog scale.

Conclusion
These outcomes confirm the clinical safety, performance, and benefit of an innovative active transcutaneous bone conduction implant using a piezoelectric transducer design in subjects with conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, or single-sided sensorineural deafness.
Petrous Apicitis: A Systematic Review and Case Presentation
Authors: Talmor Guy , Vakil Mayand , Tseng Chris , Svider Peter , Ying Mary , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Petrous apicitis (PA) is a rare but dangerous complication of acute otitis media. The objective of this study is to present a case of PA and systematically review the existing literature on PA to characterize clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes in the antibiotic era.

Methods
A comprehensive search from 1983 to June 1, 2020, of PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EmBase databases was conducted. Studies with clinical data regarding patients with PA were included. Non-English literature or studies with insufficient individual patient data were excluded. Sixty-seven studies were included with a total of 134 patients.

Results
A total of 67 articles were found to meet criteria for inclusion. The mean age of presentation was 33 years. Recent acute otitis media was reported in 78 patients (58.2%). Only 3 patients (2.2%) were immunocompromised, and 8 patients (6.0%) had a history of diabetes. Gradenigo’s triad of abducens palsy, otorrhea, and retro-orbital or facial pain was reported in 28 patients (20.9%); however, these presenting symptoms were common individually (51.5%, 48.5%, and 64.2%, respectively). Hearing loss (35.8%), facial weakness (17.9%), and vertigo (7.5%) were also reported.
The most frequently cultured pathogen was Pseudomonas (34.2%), followed by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. All 134 patients underwent imaging, with computed tomography being the most frequently used modality (56.0%). Nearly all patients received antibiotic therapy (95.6%), with 91 (67.9%) undergoing surgery ranging from myringotomy (26.9%) to petrosectomy (25.4%). Five patients (5.7%) died because of complications related to PA. Mean follow-up was 11.0 months.

Conclusions
Petrous apicitis has a variable presentation with potential for severe morbidity. Mortality rates are low, and presentation with Gradenigo’s triad is uncommon. Appropriate medical management with surgical drainage can avoid long-term sequelae.