bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping, Inventory and Change Detection of Wetlands of Thavanur Grama Panchayath using Multispectral Satellite Imagery
Authors: Chithra M. R. , Joseph Asha , Mithra S. Jane , Varughese Anu 
Published: July 2022

Wetlands are the submerged or waters saturated lands, both natural and man-made, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed 6 meters. Effective wetlands management and protection are critical. Accurate and comprehensive wetland classification maps as well as spatiotemporal change information are essential for ecological protection and local government decisions. Wetland mapping and classification help to preserve and improve wetland quality.
A study was conducted on wetland mapping, inventory and change detection wetlands of Thavanur Grama Panchayath in Malappuram district of Kerala using multispectral satellite imageries of high resolution (2.4x2.4m) during the year 2020-2021. The image processing was carried out by Visual Interpretation Technique. The accuracy of mapping was assessed by kappa coefficient.
The various wetland classes found in Thavanur Grama Panchayath were Aquaculture, Marshy land, River and other ponds and small waterbodies. The major wetlands identified in the Panchayath were Ayankalam kayal, Maravanchery kaayal, Varo kaayal, Thavanur kaayal (marshy type wetlands), Bharathapuzha River, Ayankalam aquaculture, Mathur aquaculture and several other ponds. The change detection analysis showed that the percentage change in wetland during the decade was found maximum for pond and well (-33.18%). The major land use changes during the period 2008 and 2018 were that coconut plantation increased by 70.79 ha, paddy land decreased by 61.62 ha and marshy land decreased by 7.04 ha. The kappa coefficient of mapping was obtained as 0.93 which indicted good accuracy.
Parasitic Contamination of Fresh Fruits Sold at Fruit Markets in Selected Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Shonibare K. R. , Saba A. O. , Ani G. N. , Olayeri A. A. , Falebita T. E. , Diyaolu Z. O. , Alonge F. O. , Jibrin-Yekini U. O. , Iyanda K. E. , Azeez M. A. 
Published: July 2022

Aim: The purpose of this research was to examine selected fruits sold within the state of Lagos and to assess their level of contamination by parasites.
Methodology: It was carried out in Amuwo Odofin, Alimosho and Ojo Local Government Areas of Lagos State between April 2021 and July 2021. A total of hundred fruits were randomly purchased from three markets in the study areas. Samples collected included Apple (Malus domestica)(n =20), Grapefruit (Citrus maxima)(n =20), Golden melon (Cucumis melo)(n =20), Mango (Mangifera indica)(n =20), and Pear (Pyrus communis)(n =20). Laboratory analysis was done by using a light microscope to examine sediments gotten from washing the fruits with saline solution. Chi- square test of independence was also calculated to determine the relationship between the fruit type and parasite occurrence.
Results: Out of 100 samples collected, 74% were contaminated with 41% having a single contamination while 33% had multiple contamination. The apple was the most contaminated fruit with 85% of the fruit positive while golden melon was the least contaminated as only 60% of the fruit were positive. The parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (71%), Entamoeba histolytica (18%), Enterobius vermicularis (10%), Giardia lamblia (16%), Hookworm species (44%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4%), Taenia species(1%) Trichuris trichiuria (11%), and Toxoplasma gondii (3%). A chi-square test of independence could not determine any significant relationship between parasite occurrence and market as well as fruit type and parasite occurrence.
Conclusion: The percentage of contaminated fruits in this study is high and this is strong evidence that fruit contributes to the spread of parasites within Lagos State. It is recommended that proper sanitation and hygienic practices should be observed from the cultivation of the fruits on the farm till they are put on display at the market. Fruits bought at markets should also be washed properly before consumption.
Horses
Authors: Mitchell Peter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Horses are not native to Africa, but were introduced there first into Bronze Age Egypt ca. 1700
bce
. They were taken up as signifiers of elite status and weapons (mostly in pulling chariots) by New Kingdom pharaohs and retained these associations further south along the Nile in the kingdom of Kush. Their spread into North Africa and the Sahara is poorly dated, but occurred during the first millennium
bce
, with further expansion into the Sahel grasslands to the desert's south by the seventh/eighth centuries
ce
. There, they retained the same role in warfare, especially in raiding for slaves, and in differentiating elite individuals, but movement further south into West Africa was precluded by diseases such as trypanosomiasis.
Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticle Encapsulated Porous Molecular Traps for Discriminative Photoelectrochemical Detection of Mustard Gas Simulants by Synergistic Size‐Exclusion and Site‐Specific Recognition
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Yao , Kirlikovali Kent O. , Ma Kaikai , Zhou Yaming , Li Peng , Farha Omar K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe rapid, discriminative, and portable detection of highly toxic chemical warfare agents is extremely important for response to public security emergencies but remains a challenge. One plausible solution involves the integration of porous molecular traps onto a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor. Here, a fast and facile protocol is developed to fabricate sub‐1 nm AgNPs encapsulated hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) nanocomposite materials through an in situ photoreduction and subsequent encapsulation process. Compared to traditional semiconductors and selected metal–organic frameworks (MOF) materials, these AgNPs@HOFs show significantly enhanced photocurrent. Most importantly, the portable PEC device based on AgNPs@HOF‐101 can selectively recognize 13 different mustard gas simulants, including 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), based on synergistic size‐exclusion and specific recognition. The extremely low detection limit for CEES (15.8 nmol L−1), reusability (at least 30 cycles), and long‐term working stability (at least 30 d) of the portable PEC device warrant its use as a chemical warfare agents (CWAs) sensor in practical field settings. More broadly, this work indicates that integrating porous molecular traps onto PEC sensors offers a promising strategy to further develop portable devices for CWAs detection with both ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity.
All‐Printed Ultrahigh‐Responsivity MoS2 Nanosheet Photodetectors Enabled by Megasonic Exfoliation
Authors: Kuo Lidia , Sangwan Vinod K. , Rangnekar Sonal V. , Chu Ting‐Ching , Lam David , Zhu Zhehao , Richter Lee J. , Li Ruipeng , Szydłowska Beata M. , Downing Julia R. , Luijten Benjamin J. , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrinted 2D materials, derived from solution‐processed inks, offer scalable and cost‐effective routes to mechanically flexible optoelectronics. With micrometer‐scale control and broad processing latitude, aerosol‐jet printing (AJP) is of particular interest for all‐printed circuits and systems. Here, AJP is utilized to achieve ultrahigh‐responsivity photodetectors consisting of well‐aligned, percolating networks of semiconducting MoS2 nanosheets and graphene electrodes on flexible polyimide substrates. Ultrathin (≈1.2 nm thick) and high‐aspect‐ratio (≈1 μm lateral size) MoS2 nanosheets are obtained by electrochemical intercalation followed by megasonic atomization during AJP, which not only aerosolizes the inks but also further exfoliates the nanosheets. The incorporation of the high‐boiling‐point solvent terpineol into the MoS2 ink is critical for achieving a highly aligned and flat thin‐film morphology following AJP as confirmed by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. Following AJP, curing is achieved with photonic annealing, which yields quasi‐ohmic contacts and photoactive channels with responsivities exceeding 103 A W−1 that outperform previously reported all‐printed visible‐light photodetectors by over three orders of magnitude. Megasonic exfoliation coupled with properly designed AJP ink formulations enables the superlative optoelectronic properties of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets to be preserved and exploited for the scalable additive manufacturing of mechanically flexible optoelectronics.
High‐Performance Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Composite FeF3 @ Expanded Graphite Cathode and Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Separator
Authors: Zhang Juyan , Zhang Lan , Zhao Yunlong , Meng Jiashen , Wen Bohua , Muttaqi Kashem M. , Islam Md. Rabiul , Cai Qiong , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRechargeable aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) are one of the most promising battery technologies for future large‐scale energy storage due to their high theoretical volumetric capacity, low‐cost, and high safety. However, the low capacity of the intercalation‐type cathode materials reduces the competitiveness of AIBs in practical applications. Herein, a conversion‐type FeF3‐expanded graphite (EG) composite is synthesized as a novel cathode material for AIBs with good conductivity and cycle stability. Combined with the introduction of a single‐wall carbon nanotube modified separator, the shuttle effect of the intermediate product, FeCl2, is significantly restrained. Moreover, enhanced coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity are achieved. The AIB exhibits a satisfying reversible specific capacity of 266 mAh g−1 at 60 mA g−1 after 200 cycles, and good Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% after 400 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are applied to explore the energy storage mechanism of FeF3 in AIBs. The results reveal that the intercalation of Al3+ species and the reduction of Fe3+ species occurrs in the discharge process. These findings are meaningful for the fundamental understanding of the FeF3 cathode for AIBs and provide unprecedented insight into novel conversion type cathode materials for AIBs.
Contact Resistance of Carbon–Lix(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 Interfaces
Authors: Kuo Jimmy Jiahong , Kang Stephen Dongmin , Chueh William C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectronic resistance in lithium‐ion battery positive electrodes is typically attributed to the bulk resistance of the active material and the network resistance of the carbon additive. Expected overpotentials from these bulk components are minimal relative to that from charge‐transfer resistance. However, literature reports show that cell overpotentials are often much more sensitive to conductive additives than the expected level from bulk or percolating‐network transport. This discrepancy motivated a detailed examination of the contact resistance between the active material and conductive additive. The contact and bulk resistances are simultaneously measured using dense bar samples of lithium‐layered oxides (LixNi1 /3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and LixNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2) in contact with carbon black. It is found that the contact resistance dominates the overall electronic resistance when the length scale is smaller than millimeters; after correcting for contact effects, bulk conductivity of layered oxides is determined to be orders‐of‐magnitude higher than previously reported. In porous electrodes, it is found from three‐electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that the carbon content most heavily influences the low‐frequency regime (≈0.01 Hz), as opposed to the high frequency (>103 Hz) regime expected from electronic percolating properties. Constriction effects within the layered oxide are identified as the dominant mechanism for contact resistance and its implication is investigated for porous electrodes.
Capturing Dissipation Charge in Charge Space Accumulation Area for Enhancing Output Performance of Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: He Wencong , Shan Chuncai , Wu Huiyuan , Fu Shaoke , Li Qianying , Li Gui , Zhang Xuemei , Du Yan , Wang Jian , Wang Xue , Hu Chenguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe charge space‐accumulation effect is one of most effective strategies to boost output performance of the sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with AC output, by which the shielding layer greatly prevents the air breakdown on the sliding interface and the blank triboarea with charge dissipation on its surface promotes charge accumulation. However, charge dissipation speed depends on the properties of materials and these charges are lost in the air. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to capture dissipation charge in charge space accumulation area for further enhancing output performance of the sliding TENG. DC output electrodes based on the coupling of triboelectrification and air‐breakdown is designed on both sides of the slider to quickly and completely collect the dissipation charge on the stator and accumulated charge on dielectric tribolayer of slider. Hence, the device has multichannel output to improve output charge to 98%. A new recorded average power density of 5.74 W m–2 Hz–1, 14 times higher than previously reported, is obtained. The coupling relationship between AC and DC output is systematically studied. This work provides a new idea for improving the output and energy harvesting efficiency of TENGs.
Algorithm‐based approach to focal liver lesions in contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Leow Kheng Song , Kwok Christine Ying , Low Hsien Min , Lohan Rahul , Lim Tze Chwan , Low Su Chong Albert , Tan Cher Heng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFocal liver lesions are commonly encountered. Grey‐scale and Doppler sonographic characteristics of focal liver lesions are often non‐specific and insufficient to conclusively characterise lesions as benign or malignant. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound is useful for the characterisation of FLLs in patients who are unable to undergo contrast‐enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. It is also easily available and relatively cheap. However, interpretation of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound can be challenging without a systematic approach. In this pictorial essay, we highlight an algorithm‐based approach to FLLs and discuss the characteristic contrast‐enhanced ultrasound features of commonly encountered and clinically significant focal liver lesions.
A SLC35C2 Transporter‐Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of B Lymphocytes Identified by SLC‐CRISPRi and Unbiased Fluorescence Library Screening
Authors: Gao Min , Lee Sun Hyeok , Das Raj Kumar , Kwon Haw‐Young , Kim Heon Seok , Chang Young‐Tae 
Published: July 2022

AbstractT and B lymphocytes are two major adaptive immune cells in the human defense system. To real‐time monitor their diverse functions, a live‐cell‐selective probe for only one cell type is need to investigate the complex interaction of the immune cells. Herein, a small‐molecule probe CDyB for live B cells is developed by an unbiased fluorescence library screening. The cell selectivity was confirmed by multiparametric single‐cell analysis using CyTOF. Through a systematic SLC‐CRISPRi library screening, the molecular target of CDyB was identified as SLC35C2 transporter based on a gating‐oriented live‐cell distinction (GOLD) mechanism. The gene expression analysis and knock‐out experiments validated that the SLC35C2 transporter was the target for CDyB distinction. Interestingly, when CDyB was applied to study B cell development, the CDyB fluorescence and SLC35C2 expression were positively correlated with the B cell maturation process, and not involved in the T cell development.
A Non‐Alkaline Electrolyte for Electrically Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries with Long‐Term Operation Stability in Ambient Air
Authors: Sun Wei , Küpers Verena , Wang Fei , Bieker Peter , Winter Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrically rechargeable zinc‐air batteries attract extensive research interests due to their potentially high energy density and low cost but suffer from chemical instability and poor electrochemical reversibility caused by the corrosive nature of the conventional alkaline electrolyte. Here we demonstrate a non‐alkaline zinc acetate electrolyte for electrically rechargeable zinc‐air batteries with long‐term operation stability (>600 hours) in ambient air without any special cell engineering. The unique battery chemistry with reversible formation/decomposition of zinc hydroxyacetate dihydrate is systematically revealed using diversified electrochemical and analytical techniques. Furthermore, the carbon‐based air cathode is modified towards a hydrophilic surface to increase the energy efficiency. This work provides new insight on effective electrolyte design to achieve long‐term operation zinc‐air batteries.
Light‐ and Field‐Controlled Diffusion, Ejection, Flow and Collection of Liquid at a Nanoporous Liquid Crystal Membrane
Authors: Zhan Yuanyuan , Calierno Serena , Peixoto Jacques , Mitzer Lars , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLiquid manipulation at solid surfaces has attracted plenty of interest yet most of them are limited to one or two direction(s), while transport in three dimensions is largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate three‐dimensionally steered dynamic liquid mobility at nanoporous liquid crystal polymer coatings. To this end, we orchestrate liquid motion via sequential triggers of light and/or electric field. Upon a primary flood exposure to UV light, liquid is ejected globally over the entire coating surfaces. We further reallocate the secreted liquid by applying a secondary electric field stimulus. By doing so, the liquid is transported and collected at pre‐set positions as determined by the electrode positions. We further monitor this process in real‐time and perform precise analysis. Interestingly, when applying those two triggers simultaneously, we discover a UV‐gated liquid‐release effect, which decreases threshold voltage as well as threshold frequency.
Stereogradient Poly(Lactic Acid) from meso‐Lactide/L‐Lactide Mixtures
Authors: Hador Rami , Shuster Michael , Venditto Vincenzo , Kol Moshe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe production of L‐lactide from L‐lactic acid involves a substantial formation of meso‐lactide as an impurity, and, upon polymerization with the industrial catalyst tin octanoate, results in poly(L‐lactic acid) of reduced crystallinity due to stereoerrors randomly distributed along the polymer chains. We describe a new approach wherein, instead of avoiding stereoerrors by removing the meso‐lactide prior to polymerization, the stereoerrors in the polymer are tolerated, by crowding them in a stereogradient copolymer. A zirconium complex of an amine tris(phenolate) ligand is found to exhibit very high syndioselectivity in the ring opening polymerization catalysis of meso‐lactide at room temperature, and gives rise to stereogradient copolymers in the polymerization of mixtures of meso‐lactide/L‐lactide in the melt at 180 °C. Relative to the stereo‐random copolymers obtained with tin octanoate, the stereogradient copolymers exhibit enhanced crystallinities manifested in lower solubilities and higher melting temperatures and enthalpies.
Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Qian , Wang Boxin , Huang Gaosheng , Li Yanxun , Li Xing , Chen Jieyi , Yue Shengli , Li Kang , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Huiqiong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached the commercial standards, the unsatisfactory stability limits their further application. Hydrophobic interface and encapsulation can block the damage of water and oxygen, while the instability induced by intrinsic residual strain remains inevitable. Here, the residual strain in a two‐dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite film is investigated by X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It's found that the spacer cations contribute to the residual strain even though they are not in the inorganic cages. Benefited from strain relaxation, the film quality is improved, leading to suppressed recombination, promoted charge transport and enhanced efficiency. More significantly, the strain‐released devices maintain 86 % of the initial efficiency after being kept in air with 85 % relative humidity (RH) for 1080 h, 82 % under maximum power point (MPP) tracking at 50 °C for 804 h and 86 % after continuous heating at 85 °C for 1080 h.
Analysis of cruciferin content in whole seeds of Brassica napus L. by near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ammeter Ashley , So Kenny , Duncan Robert W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobally, there is an increasing demand for sources of plant‐based protein. While Brassica napus L. is an important oilseed crop worldwide, there is also interest in improving its ability to serve as a valuable source of plant‐based protein. Cruciferin, a seed storage protein that makes up 60% of the protein found in mature seeds of B. napus, is of interest for human consumption as a source of protein and as an ingredient in food products due to its functional properties. Existing methods for quantification of cruciferin protein are often time consuming and destroy the seed. This study explored the potential for the measurement of cruciferin protein content in whole seeds of B. napus by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), to allow for efficient and non‐destructive screening of breeding material. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐based reference method was utilized to assess cruciferin content in a diverse population of B. napus. Scanning of whole seed samples produced spectra that were used to develop NIRS calibration equations. Statistical analysis of the calibration results indicated that the NIRS equations developed are poorly suited for prediction of cruciferin content.
Irrigation, fortification, and the proto‐historic settlement landscape of the Ndughore Valley, Kolombangara, Western Solomon Islands
Authors: KIRCH PATRICK V. , YEN DOUGLAS E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArchaeological sites in the Ndughore Valley of Kolombangara Island in the New Georgia group of the western Solomon Islands were investigated in 1971. The sites include formerly‐irrigated pondfield terrace complexes in the valley bottom, ridgetop residential hamlets and specialised ritual sites. The presence of European material culture such as trade beads, clay pipes, glass, a musket barrel and iron axe head all indicate that these sites were occupied and utilised during the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, a turbulent period marked by increased inter‐island raiding and head‐hunting as well as by trade with Europeans. The residential hamlets and ritual sites are situated in defensible positions on ridgetops, while one site was extensively modified for musket warfare. Ancestor shrines at the residential sites are consistent with a widespread New Georgia cultural tradition, containing shell exchange valuables indicating that the Kolombangara community was linked into a larger exchange network.