bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of lung immune prognostic index with survival outcome in advanced thymic carcinoma patients treated with palliative intent chemotherapy
Authors: Araki Taisuke , Tateishi Kazunari , Komatsu Masamichi , Sonehara Kei , Kanda Shintaro , Hanaoka Masayuki , Koizumi Tomonobu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic implications of palliative chemotherapy for advanced or recurrent thymic carcinomas require full elucidation. The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is a novel prognostic index whose effectiveness has recently been reported in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the LIPI in advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 41 advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy between January 2001 and December 2020. Survival‐time analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was performed to investigate the predictive and/or prognostic value of the LIPI.ResultsMedian progression‐free survival (PFS) for first‐line chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in the good‐LIPI group (LIPI: 0) than in the intermediate/poor‐LIPI group (LIPI: 1 or 2) (PFS: 13.4 vs. 6.8 months, p = 0.025; OS: 48.2 vs. 28.9 months, p = 0.00506). Multivariate analysis revealed that intermediate/poor LIPI was the adverse prognostic factor for PFS. With regard to OS, serum albumin <3.5 g/dl and an intermediate/poor LIPI were identified as independent adverse prognostic factors.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the LIPI is a potential prognostic marker in patients with advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma undergoing palliative chemotherapy.
Prenatal alcohol exposure and mental health at midlife: A preliminary report on two longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Coles Claire D. , Grant Therese M. , Kable Julie A. , Stoner Susan A. , Perez Alexandra ,   the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have been studied extensively, there is relatively little information available on adult mental health functioning among exposed individuals. The current study compares the self‐reported midlife mental health status of individuals who were prenatally exposed to alcohol and diagnosed in childhood with the effects of this exposure with that of unexposed individuals.MethodsParticipants (N = 292) were recruited from two longitudinal cohorts in Atlanta and Seattle and asked to complete an Adult Health Questionnaire that surveyed their current health and mental health status. The questionnaire was completed either in‐person or remotely and included questions about current symptoms of depression and anxiety and mental health disorder diagnoses. The analysis compared a Nonexposed Contrast group to those in two exposure groups: (1) Alcohol Exposed with Fetal Alcohol Effect but not meeting criteria for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and (2) Alcohol Affected and meeting criteria for FAS.ResultsBoth alcohol‐exposed groups reported higher levels of current depressive symptoms and a higher prevalence of diagnoses of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. No differences were noted for psychotic disorders. PAE was also associated with greater environmental stressors, including higher levels of adverse childhood events and lower current socioeconomic status. Path analyses suggested that PAE was indirectly related to mood disorders with its effects being mediated by other environmental factors.ConclusionsPAE is associated with greater rates of mental health disorders in middle adulthood. These outcomes appear to result from multiple stressors that affect individuals made vulnerable by their early alcohol exposure. Clinical outcomes could be improved by prevention efforts directed at preventing prenatal alcohol use and reducing environmental stressors later in life, and by the early identification of PAE and its effects.
Interactive effects of self‐concept and social context on perceived cohesion in intensive care nursing
Authors: Paunova Minna , Li‐Ying Jason 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGroup cohesion is critical in the workplace, especially when individual and contextual constraints coexist but high performance is essential. We assess the source of variation in group members' perceptions of cohesion. Using an interactional psychology perspective, and within the context of intensive care, this study examines the interactive effects of nurses' self‐concept and the objective social context within which they are embedded. Individual‐ and unit‐level factors are investigated because they jointly shape the degree to which nurses perceive their intensive care units as cohesive. A multisource, multilevel study of approximately 140 nurses employed in 20 units across Denmark demonstrates the role self‐concept plays in easing and enhancing the constraints workplaces impose on cohesion. Implications for research on emergent states and interactional psychology are discussed.
Temporal trends of women with oral cavity, base of tongue and lip cancers in Brazil: An ecological study covering mortality data from 1980 to 2018
Authors: Sartori Letícia Regina Morello , Nóbrega Kaio Heide Sampaio , Schuch Helena Silveira , Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez , de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Martins Manoela Domingues , Schuch Lauren Frenzel , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina Uchoa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesObtaining robust evidence about the local mortality levels, trends and impact of oral cavity/base of tongue cancers and lip cancer, especially for women, is imperative in the fight against cancer. This descriptive retrospective ecological time‐series study explored trends in oral cavity/base of tongue cancers and lip cancer mortality rates for women in Brazil from 1980 to 2018, by geographic region and anatomical location.MethodsThe crude and age‐adjusted annual mortality rates were obtained by sex, anatomical location and macro‐regions of Brazil. The number of deaths from oral cavity/base of tongue cancers and lip cancers in Brazil was based on official population counts and estimates. The annual percentage change was calculated based on age‐adjusted rates. Data set were analysed using the Joinpoint Regression program.ResultsA total of 81,918 individuals died of oral cavity/base of tongue cancers and lip cancer between 1980 and 2018 in Brazil. The age‐adjusted mortality rate for women was 0.47 and 0.57 per 100,000 in 1980 and 2018, respectively. The cumulative female mortality rates standardized by age were 0.01/100,000 for lip cancer and 0.5/100,000 for oral cavity and base of tongue cancers. A decrease in deaths related to oral cavity and base of tongue cancers was identified in the 1980s; however, over the last two decades, there has been an increase in the number of deaths of women with cancer at the base of tongue and neighbouring areas and on the floor of mouth. Importantly, Brazilian regions showed wide variability in trends of oral cavity, base of tongue and lip cancers rate and, in 2018, the regions with the highest rates were the Southeast, South and Northeast for both sexes and specifically for women. The North region showed the greatest recent significant upward trend.ConclusionsDuring the last 38 years, Brazil has shown a significant increase in the trend of the mortality rate due to oral cavity/base of tongue and lip cancers in women. Preventive strategies with control of risk factors should be strongly emphasized in order to improve the survival rates of individuals with oral cavity/base of tongue and lip cancers.
The impact of prolonged delay to loop ileostomy closure on postoperative morbidity and hospital stay: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Turner Greg A. , Clifford Kari A. , Holloway Rossi , Woodfield John C. , Thompson‐Fawcett Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThere is increasing evidence that delayed loop ileostomy closure is associated with an increase in postoperative morbidity. In the context of a publicly funded health service with constrained theatre access, we review the impact of delay in loop ileostomy closure.MethodA retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing loop ileostomy closure at the Dunedin Public Hospital between 2000–2017 was performed. Cases and complications were identified from the prospectively maintained Otago Clinical Audit database. Patient demographics, ASA score, indications for ileostomy, reasons for delay in closure, length of stay (LOS) after ileostomy closure and complications were collected. LOS and overall complication rate were assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsA total of 292 patients were included in the study, of whom 74 (25.3%) were waiting for longer than 12 months for ileostomy closure. The overall complication rate was 21.5%. This was 8% up to 90 days, 20% between 90–360 days, 28% between 360–720 days and 54% after 720 days. Delay was associated with an increased risk of any complication (RR 1.06 for every 30 days with stoma, p < 0.001), including Ileus (OR [95% CI] 1.06 [1.00–1.11], p = 0.024). Overall mean LOS was 5.9 days (range 1–63), being 4.6 days up to 180 days, 5.6 between 180–720 days and 8.7 after 720 days. LOS significantly increased with increasing stoma duration (p = 0.04).ConclusionIncreasing time with loop ileostomy is detrimental for patients, being associated with an increase in complication rates, and is detrimental for hospitals due to increased length of stay. Resources should be allocated for timely closure of loop ileostomies.
Glass: The best material for pharmaceutical packaging
Authors: Guadagnino Emanuel , Guglielmi Massimo , Nicoletti Fabiano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGlass is the most used material in pharmaceutical packaging, and the production volumes are continuously growing. The reasons why glass can be considered the best material for pharmaceutical containers are discussed. A current picture of this area, which was showcased during the Covid‐19 pandemic, is provided. Borosilicate glass products, which are currently the most used among those described by the Pharmacopoeia, are mostly considered, but new glasses that may be introduced in the future are also mentioned. A short view on the evolution of this type of glass and the current market situation are provided. Particular emphasis is given to chemical durability. Glasses are generally considered inert from the chemical point of view, but this is not exactly true. Phenomena such as the release of elemental impurities into solution, buffer interaction, and delamination have caused much concern in the last decade or so, especially as the complexity and value of drugs has been increasing. These phenomena are described, and it is pointed out that, thanks to the increasing scientific knowledge and production technologies, these issues are now under control, and the products on the market are of very high quality and very reliable.
Ferulic acid and EGCG alter the structural characteristics of ovalbumin and its application in mineral loading
Authors: Huang Zhenzhen , Yang Xinxi , Chen Qiqi , Chen Leqi , Liang Siyue , Zeng Qingzhu , Zhang Ruifen , Huang Fei , Dong Lihong , Su Dongxiao 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis study aims to fabricate mineral‐loading nanocarriers using natural materials. The interaction patterns between ovalbumin (OVA) and four water‐soluble polyphenols, namely ferulic acid (FA), (‐)‐Epigallo‐catechin 3‐gallate (EGCG), gallic acid (GA) and epicatechin (EC), were investigated. Results showed that the optimised conditions for preparing stable OVA–polyphenol complexes are at the OVA–polyphenol ratio of 4:1 at pH 6, under which OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG showed the highest stability and mineral‐loading capacity among four OVA–polyphenol complexes. The fluorescence results indicated that the addition of EGCG and FA induced a significant fluorescence quenching to OVA. The interaction between OVA and polyphenols involved hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis suggested that both FA and EGCG enhanced the stability and orderliness of the structure of OVA. The transmission electron microscopy images also exhibited the spherical structure of OVA after the addition of FA and EGCG. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X‐ray spectrum results suggested that OVA–FA and OVA–EGCG complexes were better mineral carriers than OVA–GA and OVA–EC. This study may serve as the theoretical support for the promising application of OVA in the fabrication of mineral‐loading nanocarriers in functional food and pharmaceutic.
Assessment of rhizosphere bacterial diversity and composition in a metal hyperaccumulator (Boehmeria nivea) and a nonaccumulator (Artemisia annua) in an antimony mine
Authors: Lin Yuxiang , Zhang Yaqi , Liang Xin , Duan Renyan , Yang Li , Du Yihuan , Wu Lianfu , Huang Jiacheng , Xiang Guohong , Bai Jing , Zhen Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Heavy metal hyperaccumulators are widely used in mining restoration due to their ability to accumulate and transport heavy metals, compared to nonaccumulators. Rhizosphere bacteria in metal hyperaccumulators play a key role in the uptake of heavy metals from soil; however, assessments of the differences of rhizosphere bacteria between metal hyperaccumulators and nonaccumulator are scarce.

Methods and results
To understand the difference of bacterial composition between hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator in rhizosphere, the diversity and composition of rhizosphere bacteria in a metal hyperaccumulator (Boehmeria nivea) and a nonaccumulator (Artemisia annua) grown in the same field in Xikuangshan were evaluated using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. Boehmeria nivea and A. annua had 3926 overlapping OTUs, 19,736 and 17,579 unique OTUs, respectively. Boehmeria nivea had lower Chao1 index, Shannon index and Pielou index than A. annua. The dominant phyla and genera of rhizosphere bacteria in B. nivea and A. annua were similar, but some rhizosphere bacterial communities with heavy metal remediation ability mainly appeared in the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator. Compared to A. annua, B. nivea showed a significantly higher relative abundance of rhizosphere bacteria, such as Acidobacteria and Bacteroidete at the phylum level and RB41 at the genus level. Some specific rhizosphere bacteria with the ability to bind metal, such as Leifsonia and Kibdelosporangium, were only found in the rhizosphere of B. nivea.

Conclusion
Results indicated that B. nivea, as a metal hyperaccumulator, has a key function in governing metal-resistant rhizosphere bacteria in response to antimony compound pollution stress.

Significance and Impact of Study
Understanding the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria between hyperaccumulators and nonaccumulators is beneficial to formulate strategies to improve metal uptake efficiency by selecting specific plant species and rhizosphere bacteria grown on polluted soil.
More challenging or more achievable? The impacts of difficulty and dominant goal orientation in leaderboards within educational gamification
Authors: Cao Yang , Gong Shao‐Ying , Wang Zhen , Cheng Yang , Wang Yan‐Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs one of the gamification elements, leaderboard, especially absolute leaderboard, is widely used in educational gamification systems. However, empirical studies on the optimal use condition of the leaderboard and underlying influence mechanisms are deficient.ObjectivesThis study explored which difficulty was more conducive to learning performance in leaderboard context, and when and how it played a role.MethodsTo address these questions, this study conducted a 2 (dominant goal orientation: learning/performance) × 2 (difficulty: high/low) between‐subjects design. Seventy‐eight dominant learning‐oriented and 78 dominant performance‐oriented participants were recruited and randomly assigned to the high or low difficulty group respectively.Results and ConclusionsParticipants in the low difficulty group experienced more positive emotions, less negative emotions, and higher learning motivation than those in the high difficulty group, but the effect of difficulty on performance was not significant. Moreover, goal orientation did not moderate the effects of difficulty, dominant learning‐oriented and performance‐oriented learners were equally affected by difficulty. Further mediating analysis showed that negative emotions and learning motivation rather than positive emotions mediated the relationship between difficulty and learning performance.ImplicationsThese results confirmed the positive effect of low difficulty in leaderboard context, as well as the mediating roles of emotions and motivation involved in the relationship between difficulty and learning performance. These findings enlighten us that it is necessary to equip leaderboards in educational gamification with achievable difficulty.
Using web‐based training to improve accuracy of blood pressure measurement among health care professionals: A randomized trial
Authors: Hayer Rupinder , Kirley Kate , Cohen Jordana B. , Tsipas Stavros , Sutherland Susan E. , Oparil Suzanne , Shay Christina M. , Cohen Debbie L. , Kabir Christopher , Wozniak Gregory 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccurate blood pressure measurement is crucial for proper screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of high blood pressure. However, providers are not aware of proper blood pressure measurement skills, do not master all the appropriate skills, or miss key steps in the process, leading to inconsistent or inaccurate readings. Training in blood pressure measurement for most providers is usually limited to a one‐time brief demonstration during professional education coursework. The American Medical Association and the American Heart Association developed a 30‐minute e‐Learning module designed to refresh and improve existing blood pressure measurement knowledge and clinical skills among practicing providers. One hundred seventy‐seven practicing providers, which included medical assistants, nurses, advanced practice providers, and physicians, participated in a multi‐site randomized educational study designed to assess the effect of this e‐Learning module on blood pressure measurement knowledge and skills. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group followed a pre‐post assessment approach, and the control group followed a test‐retest approach. The initial assessment showed that participants in both the intervention and control groups correctly performed less than half of the 14 skills considered necessary to obtain an accurate blood pressure measurement (mean scores 5.5 and 5.9, respectively). Following the e‐Learning module, the intervention group performed on average of 3.4 more skills correctly vs 1.4 in the control group (P < .01). Our findings reinforce existing evidence that errors in provider blood pressure measurements are highly prevalent and provide novel evidence that refresher training improves measurement accuracy.
Near infrared‐based process analytical technology module for estimating gelatinization optimal point
Authors: Rizwana Shagufta , Hazarika Manuj Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis research article focusses on the implementation of process analytical technique for the rapid prediction of gelatinization points during the process of steaming of Komal Chawal, an indigenous rice variety from the state of Assam, using the technique of near‐infrared spectroscopy. The experimentation involves soaking Komal Chawal at 60°C for 90 min, then steaming at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 MPa for different time viz. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 min, simultaneously Near Infrared (NIR) spectra were also acquired after every treatment. The degree of gelatinization (DG) and moisture gain were measured, and their change pattern was studied using first‐order kinetics and Fick's law of diffusion. For first‐order rate equation, the goodness of fits were obtained with R2 values between .964 and .927. The partial least square model developed with 10 latent variables showed a training accuracy in terms of statistical metrics were: R2 of .882 and RMSE of 2.56. Thus, NIR‐based estimation process had shown reliability for the prediction of the DG.Practical ApplicationsKomal Chawal, an indigenous variety to the state of Assam with a GI tag. It has a unique property of no cooking required, processed by the method of parboiling. So, a rapid prediction method of optimal gelatinization point estimation during the process can save a lot of funds and energy, thus making it more efficient for mass production in industries for the commercialization of the variety.
Initial Psychometric Testing of a Brief Maternal Oral Symptom Survey
Authors: Park Joy JooHee , Corwin Elizabeth , Dunlop Anne L. , Yang Irene 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOral health is an important component of maternal health. Pregnant women face unique oral health challenges. Although there is abundant evidence of the strong association between poor oral health and adverse pregnancy outcomes, oral health assessment is frequently overlooked by prenatal care providers. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of a brief maternal oral symptom survey for potential use by prenatal care providers to screen pregnant women for oral health concerns.MethodsThis study provides results of preliminary psychometric testing of a brief maternal oral symptom survey. The survey was administered to 455 pregnant African American women at 2 time points: early pregnancy (8‐14 weeks) and late pregnancy (24‐30 weeks). Saliva samples were collected on a small subset of the larger sample (n = 34). Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the survey. Content validity was assessed using an expert panel (n = 32), and criterion validity was assessed by testing the association of survey items with salivary biomarkers.ResultsThe oral health survey showed moderate overall content validity. Scores on the content validity index identified that 5 out of 10 survey items were relevant, clear, and important. Log‐transformed C‐reactive protein levels were associated with reported “dry mouth” and education. Cronbach's alpha value was 0.502.DiscussionSuggested revisions of the oral symptom survey include removing items that performed poorly on the content validity index and additional inclusion of sociodemographic variables. With further testing and validation, this survey has the potential to be an effective screening tool to assess for prenatal oral health concerns that increase risk for poor birth outcomes.