bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status of Meltable Plug Technology Applications in the Drilling Process
Authors: Carragher Paul , Fulks Jeff , Mason David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Meltable plug technology has a range of potential applications in the drilling process and is being more widely used. With over 250 jobs done to date, a variety of applications are being identified and being applied. This paper seeks to update the main areas of application to date.
Bismuth alloy technology is now becoming standard technology as over 250 installations demonstrate that this is very much field proven. From onshore to deepwater environments, from drilling to completions and interventions applications through to abandonment operations, from 2″ to 28″ diameter and from 4 degC to 150 degC plug setting depth conditions, in wellbores with deviations up to 83 degrees, the technology has a wide operating envelope. Different alloy compositions are used according to the downhole conditions.
In drilling a well, problems can be encountered in achieving good cement isolation from production intervals or from gas pressure in annuli. Furthermore, casing leaks can emerge and pose well integrity problems. In completing and producing a well, particularly over time, packers can leak, water cuts can increase and zonal isolations be required. This can be particularly challenging in sand control completions. Abandonment operations can be simplified and reduced in time and cost using this system. Meltable plug technology, while not a panacea for all ills, nonetheless can remediate many of these challenges.
Four operators in the US have run 63 thermally deformable annulus packers in wells, then – when gas pressure developed in an annulus, activated the bismuth alloy based thermally deformable annulus packer and immediately isolated the leak. Operators have remediated poor annular cement jobs with bismuth alloy plugs. Recently, one leaking packer has been remediated using this technology, more are planned in coming months. Zonal isolations in openhole gravel pack wells using bismuth alloy plug technology have been done in several deepwater wells with good production results and more are planned. A meltable plug successfully isolated a water producing interval in a slotted liner completion with a void annulus. Abandonments have been done in many wells, with a significant program of work in the Valhall field offshore Norway playing a key part in successfully abandoning 30 wells, reducing HSE risks, time and costs. A similar program in Australia abandoning 30 wells with 55 plugs has been similarly successful and more abandonments using these techniques are planned. In addition, some wells offshore California have been abandoned using these techniques.
This paper will effectively provide an updated status on the technology across the lifecycle of a well and potential future usage areas.
Eosinophilic Pneumonia Induced by Lettuce: a Case Report
Authors: Sekiya Reina , Nagano Tatsuya , Moriyama Tatsuya , Kawaguchi Aki , Fukui Takafumi , Mimura Chihiro , Kimura Yohei , Ohnishi Hisashi , Kotani Yoshikazu , Nishiura Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) belongs to the Asteraceae family and is a vegetable widely consumed globally. Although lettuce is extensively cultivated and consumed, lettuce-associated occupational allergy is rarely reported. Herein, we are reporting a case of eosinophilic pneumonia induced by lettuce for the first time.Case presentation: A 56-year-old female lettuce farmer was admitted to the hospital with a low-grade fever, worsening cough, and dyspnoea. A blood test revealed eosinophilia and a high serum IgE concentration. A chest X-ray taken on admission showed an infiltrative shadow in the upper lung field. Chest CT revealed patchy ground glass opacity on the upper lung field and thickening of the bronchial wall. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained 8% eosinophils. The IgG-binding proteins that reacted with the patient’s sera were identified by immunoblot analysis. She was diagnosed as lettuce induced eosinophilic pneumonia and was treated with prednisolone, and her symptoms and radiological findings improved. Wearing a mask and reducing the amount of the crop improved her symptoms the following year.Conclusions: This is the first case report about lettuce-induced eosinophilic pneumonia which occurred in a lettuce farmer. Antigen avoidance has reduced the patient’s symptoms.
Trade Integration, Growth and Employment in West Africa: Implications for African Continental Free Trade Area (Afcfta)
Authors: Adeboje Oluwafemi Mathew , Folawewo Abiodun , Adedokun Adeniyi Jimmy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of trade integration on economic growth and employment in West Africa from 2005 to 2019. Using a two-step panel GMM estimation technique, results showed that trade between West Africa member states and other SSA countries has more reinforcing growth propelling effect. That is, trade deepening between West African countries and other SSA countries has the tendency to boost growth more than when trade is just among the West African countries. Results also showed that although trade integration has not led to expansion in employment in the West African region, increased volume of trade among countries would foster more employment generation. The policy import of the study is threefold. First, when West Africa countries trade among themselves, the benefits of trade in enhancing economic growth and employment generation is small. Second, with trade between West Africa and other countries and regions in SSA, West Africa stands better chance of harnessing more growth and employment benefits from trade integration. Third, there is therefore the need for West Africa to key into the AfCFTA implementation as deeper trade within Africa has great potentials of fast-tracking growth and more employment generation for the region.
Comparison of sampling and diagnostic techniques for recovery of Mannheimia haemolytica and respiratory microbiome characterization from feedlot cattle
Authors: Crosby William Byrn , Pinnell Lee J. , Richeson John T. , Wolfe Cory , Castle Jake , Loy John Dustin , Gow Sheryl P. , Seo Keun Seok , Capik Sarah F. , Woolums Amelia R. , Morley Paul S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
1.1 Background:Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is caused by interactions among host, environment, and pathogens. The current standard for antemortem pathogen identification in cattle with BRD is deep-guarded nasopharyngeal swabbing, which is challenging, costly, and waste generating. The objective was to compare the ability to recover Mannheimia haemolytica and compare microbial community structure using 29.5 inch (74.9 cm) deep-guarded nasopharyngeal swabs, 16 inch (40.6 cm) unguarded proctology swabs, or 6 inch (15.2 cm) unguarded nasal swabs when characterized using culture, real time-qPCR, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples for aerobic culture, qPCR, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were collected from the upper respiratory tract of high-risk cattle 2 weeks after feedlot arrival. 1.2 ResultsThere was high concordance of culture and qPCR results for all swab types (results for 77% and 81% of samples animals completely across all 3 swab types for culture and qPCR respectively). Microbial communities were highly similar among samples collected with different swabs types, and differences identified relative to treatment for BRD were also similar. Positive qPCR results for M. haemolytica were highly concordant (81% agreed completely), but samples collected by deep-guarded swabbing had higher Ct values (Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance on ranks, P < 0.05; Dunn-test for pairwise comparison with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, P < 0.05) and lower frequency of positive compared to nasal and proctology swabs (McNemar’s Chi-square test, P <0.05). 1.3 ConclusionsThough slight differences existed among different types of swabs collected from individual cattle, nasal swabs and proctology swabs offer comparable results to deep-guarded nasopharyngeal swabs when identifying and characterizing M. haemolytica by culture, 16S rRNA microbiome, and qPCR.
Physical Activity Knowledge, Attitude and Behaviours among Adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia prior to and during COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Almutairi Naif , Burns Sharyn , Portsmouth Linda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically and poses a major public health threat globally. In Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA), the main cause of adolescent obesity is an increase in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits due to lifestyle changes. The aim of this study is to assess the factors associated with physical activity (PA) prior to and during COVID-19 among middle school students in Jeddah, KSA. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among 1500 middle school students aged 11 to 15 years in Jeddah, KSA. Descriptive statistics were used to present data summaries. Continuous variables were presented as means with standard deviations or median with interquartile range and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. We used Chi-square tests to compare knowledge, attitude and behaviours of PA before and during COVID-19 restrictions and to compare between both sexes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the determinants of PA.Results: Data from 1500 (54% female) showed a significant difference in PA knowledge and behaviours by sex. Most students did not participate in the recommended levels of daily PA during COVID-19 lockdowns and school closures. After adjusting for demographic, knowledge and attitude, students who do not participate in school sports (p=0.017) and members of club members (p=0.002) were less likely to be active during COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusions: Efforts to enhance PA should be implemented through coordinated school and community-based programs to achieve the recommended PA among adolescents at home and in schools.
Service Process Factors Affecting Patients’ and Clinicians’ Experiences on Rapid Teleconsultation Implementation in Out-patient Neurology Services during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Meng Guangxia , McAiney Carrie , Perlman Christopher M. , McKillop Ian , Tisseverasinghe Therese , Chen Helen H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPrior to the COVID-19 outbreak, the adoption of teleconsultation for outpatient neurology services was limited. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, many outpatient neurology services have rapidly switched to teleconsultation worldwide. However, it remains unclear how this change has impacted patients' and clinicians' perceptions of service quality. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify process factors that influence patients' and clinicians' experiences of outpatient teleconsultation services during COVID-19.MethodsArksey and O’Malley scoping review framework was used to search PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo for original peer-reviewed research studies that examined the experiences of synchronous teleconsultation between a clinician and patient in a home-setting since the World Health organization announced the COVID-19 global pandemic. The service quality model SERVQUAL was used to conduct a deductive thematic analysis to identify the key factors that impacted the patients’ and clinicians’’ perception of teleconsultation services. Results A total of nineteen studies published between January 1, 2020, and April 17, 2021, were identified. The most common service process factors affecting the patients' and clinicians' experiences of teleconsultation were technical issues, addressing logistical needs, communication, ability to perform clinical activities, appropriate triage, and administrative support. Conclusions Our findings identified six key service process factors affecting the patients' and clinicians' teleconsultation experiences in outpatient neurology services. The need for a new triage system and standardizing administrative virtual care workflow are identified as important steps to improve patients and clinicians’ teleconsultation experiences compared to pre-COVID. More research is needed to assess outpatient neurology teleconsultation service quality from patients' and clinicians' perspectives.
COVID-19’s intersectional impact on work life, home life and wellbeing: A mixed-methods analysis of Georgia women’s experiences during the pandemic
Authors: McCool-Myers Megan , Grasso Damion , Kozlowski Debra , Cordes Sarah , Jean Valerie , Gold Heather , Goedken Peggy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Women have been especially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to characterize women's adverse experiences related to their work lives, home lives and wellbeing during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and to describe demographic differences of those lived experiences. Methods: Using the validated Epidemic-Pandemic Impacts Inventory, we collected data from reproductive-aged women in the state of Georgia about their exposure to adverse events during the pandemic. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of women with similar endorsement of adverse experiences and describe their sociodemographic/economic characteristics. An optional open-ended question yielded qualitative data that were analyzed and combined with subgroup findings. Data were collected from September 2020 to January 2021. Results: 423 women aged 18-49 completed the survey, with 314 (74.2%) providing qualitative responses. The LCA yielded 4 subgroups: (1) the largest subgroup (n=150, 35.5%) was characterized by relatively low probability of adverse experiences but high probability of negative changes in mental health and lifestyle; (2) a “caregiving stress” subgroup (n=104, 24.6%) had a high probability of challenges with home and work life, including increased conflict with a partner; (3) a “high exposure” subgroup (n=46, 10.9%) with high probability of experiencing multiple adversities across domains (e.g., financial insecurity, health challenges, barriers to access to healthcare, intimate partner violence (IPV), and loss of loved ones) and more likely to be racial/ethnic or sexual minority women; and (4) a “low exposure” subgroup (n=123, 29.1%) with relatively low probability of adverse experiences across domains. Individuals in subgroups 1 and 4, which had low probabilities of adverse experiences, were significantly more likely to be non-Hispanic white. Qualitative insights expanding upon experiences and provided greater context for pandemic-related adversity with dominant themes reflecting stress, family, mental health, financial impact, and adaptation/resilience. Conclusions: Though many individuals in our sample experienced hardship, minority populations were most impacted by pandemic-related adverse experiences in work life, home life, and wellbeing. Recovery and future emergency preparedness efforts in Georgia must incorporate support mechanisms for mental health and IPV, focusing especially on the complex needs of racial, ethnic, and sexual minorities.
Efficient production of protein complexes in mammalian cells using a poxvirus vector
Authors: Drillien Robert , Pradeau-Aubreton Karine , Batisse Julien , Mezher Joëlle , Schenckbecher Emma , Marguin Justine , Ennifar Eric , Ruff Marc 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The production of full length, biologically active proteins in mammalian cells is critical for a wide variety of purposes ranging from structural studies to preparation of subunit vaccines. Prior research has shown that Modified vaccinia virus Ankara encoding the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (MVA-T7) is particularly suitable for high level expression of proteins upon infection of mammalian cells. The expression system is safe for users and 10-50 mg of full length, biologically active proteins may be obtained in their native state, from a few litres of infected cell cultures. Results: Here we report further improvements which allow an increase in the ease and speed of recombinant virus isolation, the scale-up of protein production and the simultaneous synthesis of several polypeptides belonging to a protein complex using a single virus vector. Isolation of MVA-T7 viruses encoding foreign proteins was simplified by combining positive selection for virus recombinants and negative selection against parental virus, a process which eliminated the need for tedious plaque purification. Scale-up of protein production was achieved by infecting a BHK 21 suspension cell line and inducing protein expression with previously infected cells instead of virus, thus saving time and effort in handling virus stocks. Protein complexes were produced from infected cells by concatenating the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) N1A protease sequence with each of the genes of the complex into a single ORF, each gene being separated from the other by twin TEV protease cleavage sites. We report the application of these methods to the production of a complex formed on the one hand between the HIV-1 integrase and its cell partner LEDGF and on the other between the HIV-1 VIF protein and its cell partners APOBEC3G, CBFβ, Elo B and Elo C. Conclusions: The strategies developed in this study should be valuable for the overexpression and subsequent purification of numerous protein complexes.
Definitive hemostasis versus damage control laparotomy for traumatic massive hemoperitoneum with hemodynamic instability: A single-center, propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Matsuda Masaki , Sawano Makoto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCurrently, damage control laparotomy (DCL) is a standard operative approach for traumatic massive hemoperitoneum with hemodynamic instability. However, we have often observed unsatisfactory hemostatic effects of DCL for severe abdominal traumas, requiring definitive hemostasis (DH). We hypothesized that primary DH could improve the outcomes of hemodynamically unstable patients with traumatic massive hemoperitoneum compared with DCL.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center, observational study evaluated hemodynamically unstable patients with traumatic massive hemoperitoneum requiring surgical intervention between 2005 and 2020. The patient population was divided into two groups: a DH group and a DCL group. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics in the two groups, a one-to-one matched analysis using nearest-neighbor matching was performed based on the estimated propensity score of each group. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes were 48-hour mortality and 28-day mortality.ResultsA total of 170 patients met the inclusion criteria; 141 patients underwent primary DH, and 29 underwent DCL. In the propensity-matched analysis with 27 pairs, the DH group had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.154; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.035 to 0.682) and 28-day mortality (OR 0.200; 95% CI 0.044 to 0.913) than the DCL group, but the 48-hour mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups (25.9% vs. 44.4%; OR 0.375; 95% CI 0.099-1.414). ConclusionsPrimary DH is an effective surgical procedure for traumatic massive hemoperitoneum with hemodynamic instability. Primary DH can be the standard surgical intervention for severe abdominal trauma.
Optimization of storage conditions of Radish leaves at different maturity stage
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Sharma Poorva , Gupta Prerna , Kumar Vikas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Research on waste valorization and utilization of food by-products are increasing day-by-day. This trend not only protect the environment from pollution but also gives good value of food industries wastes and by-products. In this study, optimization of harvesting stage and storage conditions of radish leaves has been done by using response surface methodology. Different packaging materials such as paper, cling film and LDPE were tried for storage. Among all, better retention of all quality parameters was observed in the leaves stored in LDPE. Maximum quality retention in terms of moisture content, ascorbic acid, DPPH scavenging activity, total phenols, total flavonoids and chlorophyll was observed with 9.55 cm length of leaves and 4℃ storage temperature on 0th day. The applied model was found suitable for current study with 94% of anticipated values.
A structural state model for interpreting residual strength transition behavior of land-sliding soils with different clay fractions
Authors: Akhtar Sohail , Li Biao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Residual friction angles of soils are commonly determined by laboratory tests, which are time-consuming and costly. It is more desirable to find practical means of estimating the residual strength of soils in the slip zones. Previous researchers attempted to correlate the soil residual strength with clay fraction or Atterberg limits using empirical equations. A large amount of laboratory data demonstrate that the magnitude of residual strength decreases with the increase in the clay content. However, the physical mechanisms of such correlation are not well interpreted. In addition, the decreasing trend has never been modeled with a unique empirical or semi-empirical equation because of the variety of influencing factors such as the clay mineralogy and the applied normal stress. In this study, a new approach is proposed to estimate the residual friction angles of land-sliding soils. The residual friction angle of soils is derived as a weighted average result of the friction angles of nonclay minerals and clay matrix. A structural state coefficient is used as the weight function, and the plasticity index is used to consider the difference in clay mineralogy. The percolation theory is used to physically explain and illustrate the structural state transitional behavior of soils with different clay fractions. The results demonstrate that the semi-empirical approach can be used for predicting residual friction angles of a wide range of soils that differ in geology, soil type, mineralogical properties, and shear strength. The effects of applied normal stress, pore fluid salinity, and particle size on the estimations are also discussed.
Performance and potential clinical impact of D 2 O-labeled single-cell Raman spectroscopy for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Liang Dong-yu , Shen Lijuan , Wang Fei , Song Yizhi , Chang Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rapid and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacterial infections can improve patients’ outcome. In this study, 29 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from sputum specimens from ICU patients at the Jiading Central Hospital were compared using D2O-Raman AST and traditional AST (Vitek 2). The analysis time was 4–4.5 h for a complete D2O-Raman AST result. Compared with the Vitek 2, the results of D2O-Raman spectroscopy showed good agreement for susceptibility and resistance (S/R), with a concordance of 89%. Most discrepant results were observed for intermediate and susceptible categories, as 10% of isolates labeled as intermediate and susceptible by Vitek 2 were almost all categorized as resistant by D2O-Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, discriminant factor analysis of our D2O-Raman results led to successfully discriminating the type of resistance. In addition, we evaluated the behavior of clinicians in adjusting antibiotic therapies according to routine AST results. For 9 out of 10 patients, antibiotic therapy was adjusted after the reporting of AST results. With some improvements, D2O-Raman spectroscopy provides an accurate and rapid preliminary AST result and may have at least a potential clinical benefit for patients.