bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone persistence in North Carolina soils
Authors: Ramanathan Shwetha S. , Gannon Travis W. , Everman Wesley J. , Locke Anna M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvestigating the effects of soil properties on herbicide persistence can aid in evaluating the carryover potential of herbicides in soil and the consequent injury risk to rotational crops. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to quantify the persistence of atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone in five regional soils under aerobic conditions at 23 °C. Additionally, mesosulfuron‐methyl persistence was tested at 7 °C, which is representative of regional average winter soil temperature. Herbicide half‐life was calculated with the logarithmic form of first‐order rate of degradation using linear regression and was correlated with soil properties. Half‐lives of atrazine (37–73 d) and topramezone (15–19 d) varied among soil types at 23 °C. Mesosulfuron‐methyl half‐life varied among soils at 7 °C (8.8–9.8 d) and 23 °C (5.4–5.8 d) and between temperatures. Atrazine and topramezone half‐lives were shortest in Candor sand (4% clay, 1.8% organic matter [OM], pH 5.1) and longest in Portsmouth sandy loam (13% clay, 5.3% OM, pH 4.3). Mesosulfuron‐methyl half‐life was longer at lower soil temperature. Half‐lives of atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone were correlated with soil OM content (r = .83, −.53, and .63, respectively) and pH (r = −.86, .55, and −.57). Additionally, atrazine and topramezone half‐lives were positively correlated with soil clay content (r = .83 and .71), and mesosulfuron‐methyl half‐life was negatively correlated with temperature (r = −.97). Correlations between soil OM content, clay content, and pH among soil types may have influenced herbicide persistence.
ADAMTSL4‐related ectopia lentis: A case of pseudodominance with an asymptomatic parent
Authors: Scanga Hannah L. , Nischal Ken K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPathogenic variants of ADAMTSL4 are associated with autosomal recessive ectopia lentis et pupillae and isolated ectopia lentis, often presenting congenitally or in childhood. We describe a pedigree of a 4‐year‐old female child with bilateral ectopia lentis and her asymptomatic 35‐year‐old father with mild anterior segment findings. Molecular evaluation revealed compound heterozygosity for ADAMTSL4 pathogenic variants in the proband and homozygosity for an ADAMTSL4 pathogenic founder mutation in her father. The results of genetic testing revealed a pseudodominant inheritance pattern in the family. This case expands variability of ADAMTSL4‐related ectopia lentis through the first description of an asymptomatic adult in the 4th decade and highlights importance of clinical and molecular evaluations of family members when investigating genetic disorders.
Metal‐ and Photoredox‐Catalyst Free Unified Approach for the Synthesis of Azole‐Fused Quinolines via tert‐Butyl Nitrite‐Mediated Regioselective Annulation
Authors: Barak Dinesh S. , Dahatonde Dipak J. , Batra Sanjay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA metal‐ and photoredox‐catalyst free unified approach for the synthesis of azole‐fused quinolines via annulation reaction between substituted 5/2‐amino‐N‐phenyl azoles and alkynes in the presence of tert‐butyl nitrite (t‐BuONO) in acetonitrile is reported. The reaction that proceeds via radical mechanism afforded solid products, which separated out in the reaction mixture and were isolated by filtration only. The participation of the azole substrate in the reaction ensued only if a functional group capable of accepting hydrogen was present on carbon adjacent to the carbon bearing the amino group. It is anticipated that such functional group facilitated stabilization of the diazoether transition state via hydrogen bonding.
Applications of vibrational energy in the treatment of sinonasal disease: A scoping review
Authors: Phillips Katie M. , Roozdar Pooya , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcoustic energy and vibration therapy are emerging as helpful adjuncts among many disease states. There has been interest in how this technology can either serve as an alternative treatment or enhance delivery of medications to treat pathology within the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Our objective was to perform a scoping review of the state of the science of vibration treatment used in sinonasal disease.MethodsA search of Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL databases was performed in November 2021. Included studies evaluated acoustic energy as a means of treatment in sinonasal diseases. Data points collected included type of technology utilized, disease state treated, and outcomes.ResultsThe initial search identified 2902 studies, of which 44 met inclusion criteria. A wide array of vibrational technology such as ultrasound, sonic aerosols, and phonophoresis, with varying frequency and amplitude were described. Twenty‐six studies evaluated the use of acoustic energy to treat sinonasal disease itself, while 18 studies evaluated the use of acoustic energy to facilitate drug delivery to the sinonasal cavity. Outcome measures among studies were highly varied.ConclusionsVibration technology used in patients with sinonasal pathology has been shown to improve pain, sinonasal symptoms, and radiologic outcome measures in small studies. Given the heterogeneous study populations and outcomes, no conclusion could be reached regarding overall effectiveness of acoustic energy as a primary treatment. Further research is required to study specific treatment indications in larger patient populations to fully understand the potential clinical benefit and to determine optimal therapeutic characteristics of sound energy.
On the Origin and the Amplitude of T‐Square Resistivity in Fermi Liquids
Authors: Behnia Kamran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn 1937, Baber, Landau, and Pomeranchuk postulated that collisions between electrons generates a contribution to the electric resistivity of metals with a distinct T2 temperature dependence. The amplitude of this term is small in common metals, but dominant in metals hosting either heavy carriers or a low concentration of them. The temperature dependence is set by the size of the scattering phase, but the microscopic source of dissipation is not straightforward. To explain how electron–electron collisions lead to momentum leak, Umklapp events or multiple electron reservoirs have been invoked. This interpretation is challenged by several experimental observations: the persistence of T‐square resistivity in dilute metals (in which the two mechanisms are irrelevant), the successful extension of Kadowaki–Woods scaling to dilute metals, and the observation of a size‐dependent T‐square thermal resistivity () and its WiedemannFranz correlation with T‐square electrical resistivity. This paper argues that much insight is provided by the case of normal liquid 3He where the T‐square temperature dependence of energy and momentum diffusivity is driven by fermionfermion collisions. The amplitude of T‐square resistivity in 3He and in metals share a common scaling. Thus, the ubiquitous T‐square electrical resistivity ultimately stems from the Fermi‐liquid temperature dependence of momentum diffusivity.
Neuartige Polyketidsynthasen aus Ständerpilzen Produzieren den Universellen Anthrachinon‐Vorläufer
Authors: Löhr Nikolai A. , Eisen Frederic , Thiele Wiebke , Platz Lukas , Motter Jonas , Hüttel Wolfgang , Gressler Markus , Müller Michael , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract(Prä‐)Anthrachinone sind weit verbreitete Naturstoffe, die in Pflanzen, Pilzen und Mikroorganismen vorkommen und deren biosynthetischer Vorläufer das Atrochryson (1) ist. Chemische Analysen zeigten, dass Pilze der Gattung Cortinarius – die Schleierlinge – Produzenten von Octaketid‐Farbstoffen sind, die sich von 1 ableiten. Neuere genomische Daten lieferten jedoch keine Hinweise auf bekannte Atrochrysonsäure (4)‐Synthasen oder andere Polyketidsynthasen (PKSs), die oligocyclische Metabolite produzieren. Hier beschreiben wir eine neuartige Klasse von nicht‐reduzierenden Polyketidsynthasen (NR‐PKS). In vitro‐Versuche mit rekombinantem Enzym, verbunden mit Produktbildung in vivo im heterologen Wirt Aspergillus niger zeigten, dass CoPKS1 und CoPKS4 aus C. odorifer einer neuen Klasse von Atrochrysonsäuresynthasen angehören. CoPKS4 wies sowohl Hepta‐ als auch Octaketidsynthaseaktivität auf und katalysierte neben 4 auch die Bildung von 6‐Hydroxymusizin (6). Diese ersten PKSs für oligocyclische Produkte aus Ständerpilzen (Basidiomyceten) illustrieren, wie sich die Biosynthese bioaktiver Naturstoffe in verschiedenen Organismengruppen unabhängig voneinander entwickelte.
Asymmetric Catalytic (2+1) Cycloaddition of Thioketones to Synthesize Tetrasubstituted Thiiranes
Authors: Lin Xiaobin , Pu Maoping , Sang Xinpeng , Li Shiyang , Liu Xiaohua , Wu Yun‐Dong , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the first example of enantioselective (2+1) cycloaddition of thioketones with α‐diazo pyrazoleamides for the direct synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiiranes. In the presence of chiralN,N′‐dioxide/cobalt(ΙΙ) complexes (2–5 mol%), excellent efficiency (up to 99 % yield within 15 mins) and high stereoselectivity (up to >19 : 1 dr and 97 % ee) are available. Elaborations of thiiranes via desulfuration have also been conducted to deliver tetrasubstituted olefins. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the reaction initiates from a doublet state cobalt(ΙΙ) carbenoid, which is followed by a quartet cobalt(ΙΙ)‐bound thiocarbonyl ylide pathway. This work provides a route for the selective construction of tetrasubstituted thiiranes and olefins that are otherwise difficult to access.
Ionothermal Synthesis of Covalent Triazine Frameworks in a NaCl‐KCl‐ZnCl2Eutectic Salt for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lan Zhi‐An , Wu Meng , Fang Zhongpu , Zhang Yongfan , Chen Xiong , Zhang Guigang , Wang Xinchen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCovalent triazine‐based frameworks (CTFs) are typically produced by the salt‐melt polycondensation of aromatic nitriles in the presence of ZnCl2. In this reaction, molten ZnCl2salt acts as both a solvent and Lewis acid catalyst. However, when cyclotrimerization takes place at temperatures above 300 °C, undesired carbonization occurs. In this study, an ionothermal synthesis method for CTF‐based photocatalysts was developed using a ternary NaCl‐KCl‐ZnCl2eutectic salt (ES) mixture with a melting point of approximately 200 °C. This temperature is lower than the melting point of pure ZnCl2(318 °C), thus providing milder salt‐melt conditions. These conditions facilitated the polycondensation process, while avoiding carbonization of the polymeric backbone. The resulting CTF‐ES200exhibited enhanced optical and electronic properties, and displayed remarkable photocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Characterization of a Nitrogenase Iron Protein Substituted with a Synthetic [Fe4Se4] Cluster
Authors: Solomon Joseph B. , Tanifuji Kazuki , Lee Chi Chung , Jasniewski Andrew J. , Hedman Britt , Hodgson Keith O. , Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Fe protein of nitrogenase plays multiple roles in substrate reduction and cluster maturation via its redox‐active [Fe4S4] cluster. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a water‐soluble [Fe4Se4] cluster that is used to substitute the [Fe4S4] cluster of the Azotobacter vinelandii Fe protein (AvNifH). Biochemical, EPR and XAS/EXAFS analyses demonstrate the ability of the [Fe4Se4] cluster to adopt the super‐reduced, all‐ferrous state upon its incorporation into AvNifH. Moreover, these studies reveal that the [Fe4Se4] cluster in AvNifH already assumes a partial all‐ferrous state ([Fe4Se4]0) in the presence of dithionite, where its [Fe4S4] counterpart in AvNifH exists solely in the reduced state ([Fe4S4]1+). Such a discrepancy in the redox properties of the AvNifH‐associated [Fe4Se4] and [Fe4S4] clusters can be used to distinguish the differential redox requirements for the substrate reduction and cluster maturation of nitrogenase, pointing to the utility of chalcogen‐substituted FeS clusters in future mechanistic studies of nitrogenase catalysis and assembly.
NIRII‐HDs: A Versatile Platform for Developing Activatable NIR‐II Fluorogenic Probes for Reliable In Vivo Analyte Sensing
Authors: Qin Zuojia , Ren Tian‐Bing , Zhou Huijie , Zhang Xingxing , He Long , Li Zhe , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Yuan Lin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSmall‐molecule‐based second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) activatable fluorescent probes can potentially provide a high target‐to‐background ratio and deep tissue penetration. However, most of the reported NIR‐II activatable small‐molecule probes exhibit poor versatility owing to the lack of a general and stable optically tunable group. In this study, we designed NIRII‐HDs, a novel dye scaffold optimized for NIR‐II probe development. In particular, dye NIRII‐HD5 showed the best optical properties such as proper pKavalue, excellent stability, and high NIR‐II brightness, which can be beneficial for in vivo imaging with high contrast. To demonstrate the applicability of the NIRII‐HD5 dye, we designed three target‐activatable NIR‐II probes for ROS, thiols, and enzymes. Using these novel probes, we not only realized reliable NIR‐II imaging of different diseases in mouse models but also evaluated the redox potential of liver tissue during a liver injury in vivo with high fidelity.
Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus regulates cyclophilin A‐apoptosis‐inducing factor interaction to induce cell apoptosis in the insect immunosuppressive process
Authors: Hu Yan , Liang Ya‐Ping , Tian Hang‐Yu , Xu Cui‐Xian , Yu Dan , Zhang Pan , Ye Hui , Li Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicroplitis bicoloratus bracovirus (MbBV) induces apoptosis in hemocytes of the host (Spodoptera litura) via the cyclophilin A (CypA)‐mediated signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms underlying CypA‐mediated signaling during apoptosis remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated how CypA and apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) interact during MbBV‐mediated apoptosis. Our findings showed that MbBV induces apoptosis through the CypA‐AIF axis of insect immune suppression. In MbBV‐infected Spli221 cells, both the expression of the cypa gene and the release of AIF from the mitochondria increased the number of apoptotic cells. CypA and AIF underwent concurrent cytoplasm‐nuclear translocation. Conversely, blocking of AIF release from mitochondria not only inhibited the CypA‐AIF interaction but also inhibited the cytoplasmic‐nuclear translocation of AIF and CypA. Importantly, the survival of the apoptotic phenotype was significantly rescued in MbBV‐infected Spli221 cells. In addition, we found that the cyclosporine A‐mediated inhibition of CypA did not prevent the formation of the CypA and AIF complex; rather, this only suppressed genomic DNA fragmentation. In vitro experiments revealed direct molecular interactions between recombinant CypA and AIF. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the CypA‐AIF interaction plays an important role in MbBV‐induced innate immune suppression. This study will help to clarify aspects of insect immunological mechanisms and will be relevant to biological pest control.
Preference diversity and openness to novelty: Scales construction from the perspective of movie recommendation
Authors: Tang Muh‐Chyun , Liao I‐Han 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn response to calls for recommender systems to balance accuracy and alternative measures such as diversity and novelty, we propose that recommendation strategies should be applied adaptively according to users' preference traits. Psychological scales for “preference diversity” and “openness to novelty” were developed to measure users' willingness to accept diverse and novel recommendations, respectively. To validate the scales empirically, a user study was conducted in which 293 regular moviegoers were asked to judge a set of 220 movies representing both mainstream and "long‐tail" appeals. The judgment task involved indicating and rating movies they had seen, heard of but not seen, and not known previously. Correlatoin analyses were then conducted between the participants' preference diversity and openness to novelty scores with the diversity and novelty of their past movie viewing profile and movies they had not seen before but shown interest in. Preference diversity scores were shown to be significantly related to the diversity of the movies they had seen. Higher preference diversity scores were also associated with greater diversity in favored unknown movies. Similarly, participants who scored high on the openness to novelty scale had viewed more little‐known movies and were generally interested in less popular movies as well as movies that differed from those they had seen before. Implications of these psychological traits for recommendation strategies are also discussed.
Context, relevance, and labor
Authors: de Fremery Wayne , Buckland Michael K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince information science concerns the transmission of records, it concerns context. The transmission of documents ensures their arrival in new contexts. Documents and their copies are spread across times and places. The amount of labor required to discover and retrieve relevant documents is also formulated by context. Thus, any serious consideration of communication and of information technologies quickly leads to a concern with context, relevance, and labor. Information scientists have developed many theories of context, relevance, and labor but not a framework for organizing them and describing their relationship with one another. We propose the wordscontextandrelevancecan be used to articulate a useful framework for considering the diversity of approaches to context and relevance in information science, as well as their relations with each other and with labor.
A comparative study on the performance of acid catalysts in the synthesis of levulinate ester using biomass‐derived levulinic acid: a review
Authors: Gautam Priyanka , Barman Sanghamitra , Ali Amjad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNon‐renewable resources have adverse effects on the environment, which result in global warming. Research has been shifted toward sustainable resources and lignocellulosic biomass is the best example of this. Lignocellulosic biomass is inexpensive, abundantly available and a rich source of carbon, which makes society less dependant on the use of fossil fuels. It is necessary for society to stop using petroleum‐based technologies and start developing more biomass‐based technologies. Lignocellulosic biomass can be converted into levulinic acid through various methods. Various value‐added chemicals are synthesized from levulinic acid, such as levulinate esters, acrylic acid, β‐acetyl acrylic acid, 1,4‐pentanediol, 2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran, γ‐valerolactone, etc. Among these, levulinate esters have received much attention owing to their broad applications as fuel additives, plasticizers and solvents in the pharmaceutical industries. Levulinate esters can be synthesized from the esterification reaction of levulinic acid and alcohol in the presence of either liquid or solid acid catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts are favoured above homogeneous catalysts because of their properties, like being easy to separate, having good catalytic activity, being non‐corrosive to the reactor and having good recyclability. The performance of various heterogeneous catalysts such as zirconia, heteropolyacids, zeolite, carbonaceous material, resins and biocatalysts is reported in detail in the review. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evaluating the proportion of isolated cases among a spectrum of birth defects in a population‐based registry
Authors: Langlois Peter H. , Marengo Lisa , Lupo Philip J. , Drummond‐Borg Margaret , Agopian A.J. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Canfield Mark A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionBecause the etiology and outcomes of birth defects may differ by the presence vs. absence of co‐occurring anomalies, epidemiologic studies often attempt to classify cases into isolated versus non‐isolated groupings. This report describes a computer algorithm for such classification and presents results using data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR).MethodsEach of the 1,041 birth defects coded by the TBDR was classified as chromosomal, syndromic, minor, or “needs review” by a group of three clinical geneticists. A SAS program applied those classifications to each birth defect in a case (child/fetus), and then hierarchically combined them to obtain one summary classification for each case, adding isolated and multiple defect categories. The program was applied to 136,121 cases delivered in 2012–2017.ResultsOf total cases, 49% were classified by the platform as isolated (having only one major birth defect). This varied widely by birth defect; of those examined, the highest proportion classified as isolated was found in pyloric stenosis (87.6%), whereas several cardiovascular malformations had low proportions, including tricuspid valve atresia/stenosis (2.3%).DiscussionThis is one of the first and largest attempts to identify the proportion of isolated cases across a broad spectrum of birth defects, which can inform future epidemiologic and genomic studies of these phenotypes. Our approach is designed for easy modification for use with any birth defects coding system and category definitions, allowing scalability for different studies or birth defects registries, which often do not have resources for individual clinical review of all case records.
Neural tube defects prevalence does not increase after modification of the folic acid fortification program in Chile
Authors: Pardo Rosa , Vilca Marcela , Villarroel Luis , Davalji Tahera , Obrycki John F. , Mazumdar Maitreyi , Avila Claudia , Mellado Cecilia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2000, Chile’s Ministry of Health mandated fortification of wheat flour with folic acid at a concentration of 2.2 mg/kg to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs), resulting in a 50% reduction in NTD prevalence. Concerns about possible collateral effects of high folic acid intake led, in 2009, to decrease the folic acid fortification to 1.8 mg/kg of flour. Our study evaluated the impact of this modification on the prevalence of NTDs in Santiago.MethodsThis study measured the prevalence of NTDs in live births and stillbirths born in Santiago. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between pre‐folic acid fortification (1999–2000), post‐folic acid fortification (2001–2009), and post‐modified folic acid fortification (2010–2015) periods for all NTDs and their specific types. We used chi‐square tests to analyze proportions, and a Joinpoint regression to visualize prevalence time trends.ResultsThe NTD prevalence for the period 2001–2015 was 8.9 per 10,000 births, which represents a 48% reduction (PR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.45–0.61; p < .001) from the pre‐folic acid fortification period. During 2010–2015, the NTD prevalence was 9.5/10,000 births, which was higher, but not statistically significantly different from 2001 to 2009 prevalence of 8.6/10,000 (PR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.96–1.30, p = .17).ConclusionsDecreasing the concentration of folic acid fortification was not associated with a statistically significant change in the prevalence of NTDs. Mandatory folic acid fortification continues to be a safe and highly effective policy to prevent NTDs. Future studies should evaluate the prevalence of NTDs across Chile and adherence to folic acid fortification mandates.