bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma: do heterogeneous GGNs and part-solid nodules on thin-section CT show different prognosis?
Authors: Koike Hirofumi , Ashizawa Kazuto , Tsutsui Shin , Fukuda Minoru , Okano Shinji , Matsumoto Keitaro , Nagayasu Takeshi , Honda Sumihisa , Uetani Masataka 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical courses of patients with surgically resected stage IA pulmonary adenocarcinoma (Ad) who exhibited heterogeneous ground-glass nodules (GGNs) or part-solid nodules on thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) and to clarify the prognostic differences between them.

Materials and methods

The cases of 242 patients with proven pulmonary Ad with heterogeneous GGN or part-solid nodule who underwent surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed. After surgery, they were examined pathologically. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were also investigated.

Results
There were no cases of recurrent pulmonary Ad or death from the primary disease in the heterogeneous GGN group. In the part-solid nodule group, recurrent pulmonary Ad and death from the primary disease were observed in 12 and 6 of 181 patients, respectively. Heterogeneous GGNs were associated with significantly longer DFS than part-solid nodules (p = 0.042). While, there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups (p = 0.134). Pathological diagnoses were available for all 242 patients. 181 part-solid nodules were classified into 116 invasive Ads, 54 minimally invasive Ads (MIAs), and 11 Ad in situ (AIS) lesions, and 61 heterogeneous GGNs were classified into 18 invasive Ads, 25 MIAs, and 18 AIS lesions.

Conclusion
Heterogeneous GGNs were significantly associated with longer DFS than part-solid nodules. Pathologically, there were significant differences between the heterogeneous GGNs and part-solid nodules.
Mechanismen der Cristae-Biogenese in Humanparasiten
Authors: Mühleip Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMitochondrial energy conversion depends on an intricately folded membrane structure, generated by oligomerisation of ATP synthase dimers. However, morphology of cristae membranes varies greatly between different organisms. Recent studies have revealed the unique ATP synthase assemblies of the causative agents of toxoplasmosis and sleeping sickness, giving insight into the role of parasite-specific sub-units in complex assembly, mitochondrial function and parasite fitness.
Kinetic Evaluation of the Hypoxia Radiotracers [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in Dogs with Spontaneous Tumors Using Dynamic PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Choen Sangkyung , Kent Michael S. , Chaudhari Abhijit J. , Cherry Simon R. , Krtolica Ana , Zwingenberger Allison L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the kinetics of the hypoxia PET radiotracers, [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) and [18F]fluoroazomycin-arabinoside ([18F]FAZA), for tumor hypoxia detection and to assess the correlation of hypoxic kinetic parameters with static imaging measures in canine spontaneous tumors.

Methods
Sixteen dogs with spontaneous tumors underwent a 150-min dynamic PET scan using either [18F]FMISO or [18F]FAZA. The maximum tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMRmax) > 1.4 on the last image frame was used as the standard threshold to determine tumor hypoxia. The tumor time-activity curves were analyzed using irreversible and reversible two-tissue compartment models and graphical methods. TMRmax was compared with radiotracer trapping rate (k3), influx rate (Ki), and distribution volume (VT).

Results
Tumor hypoxia was detected in 7/8 tumors in the [18F]FMISO group and 4/8 tumors in the [18F]FAZA group. All hypoxic tumors were detected at > 120 min with [18F]FMISO and at > 60 min with [18F]FAZA. [18F]FAZA showed better fit with the reversible model. TMRmax was strongly correlated with the irreversible parameters (k3 and Ki) for [18F]FMISO at > 90 min and with the reversible parameter (VT) for [18F]FAZA at > 120 min.

Conclusions
Our results showed that [18F]FAZA provided a promising alternative radiotracer to [18F]FMISO with detecting the presence of tumor hypoxia at an earlier time (60 min), consistent with its favorable faster kinetics. The strong correlation between TMRmax over the 90–150 min and 120–150 min timeframes with [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA, respectively, with kinetic parameters associated with tumor hypoxia for each radiotracer, suggests that a static scan measurement (TMRmax) is a good alternative to quantify tumor hypoxia.
Epidemiology of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Current Status
Authors: Díaz Diana , Rivera Alejandra , Otero Valentina , Rueda Lili 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review aimed to provide a comprehensive and current state of art about epidemiology and clinical aspects of the HS.

Recent Findings

Our search yielded 17 articles that included studies that showed a prevalence range from 0.00033 to 1.4%. Incidence data is limited. HS is more prevalent in women than in men. The highest prevalence is found in the third and fourth decade of life. The most frequent localizations are the inguinal, axillary, and perianal regions. There are associations between HS and obesity (OR 2.09), hypertension (OR 1.84), and dyslipidemia (OR 4.06), among others.

Summary

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by occlusion of hair follicles as a primary pathogenic factor. It affects areas of the body with apocrine glands, predominantly in the axillary, inguinal, intermammary, and anogenital regions. Clinically, its manifestations vary from inflammatory nodules and abscesses to the formation of sinus tracts and scarring. HS used to be considered a disorder of apocrine glands; today, it is considered a disease of the pilosebaceous unit associated with an immune imbalance in a genetically predisposed individual, thus linked to other autoimmune diseases.
Indirect Insider Trading
Authors: Goldie Brad , Jiang Chao , Koch Paul , Wintoki M. Babajide 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInsiders must disclose indirect trades made through accounts they control, including family, trust, retirement, and foundation accounts. Indirect trades through these accounts are more profitable than direct trades in the insider’s own account. They are also more likely to be made by “opportunistic” insiders who make nonroutine trades, or who trade profitably before earnings announcements, or who have a short investment horizon. These trades contain more predictive information about earnings surprises and large price changes, and they tend to be made by insiders at firms with high information asymmetry. Insiders also make fewer indirect trades following periods of intense regulatory scrutiny.
Assimilation Effects in Financial Markets
Authors: Fich Eliezer M. , Xu Guosong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn assimilation bias occurs when people’s evaluative judgment is positively influenced by a previously observed signal. We study this effect by examining investors’ appraisal of M&A deals announced 1 day after other firms in the same 1-digit SIC as the merging parties release earnings surprises. Consistent with assimilation effects, acquirers’ M&A announcement stock return initially correlates with the previous day’s earnings surprises. This effect reverses after 1 week. Assimilation generates other distortions as more positive surprises are related to increases in bid competition, takeover premiums, and withdrawn M&As. Evidence from IPOs corroborates the presence of assimilation effects in financial markets.
From ‘mystic synthesis’ to ‘Jesuit plot’: The Society of Jesus and the making of religious policy in Indonesia
Authors: Madinier Rémy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the 1990s, Indonesia has been confronted with the growing influence of a radical Islamist movement that challenges the state doctrine (Pancasila), which was adopted in 1945, and demands a greater place for Islam, which is the religion of nearly 90 per cent of the population. The hardline groups wish to call into question the Indonesian state’s pluralistic and inclusive religious identity, which they see as a conspiracy hatched by the Christian minority to deprive the Muslim majority of its ostensible rights. The Society of Jesus, which has been present in Java since the nineteenth century, is considered by Islamist critics as the main architect of this alleged plot. Furthermore, one of its members, Father Josephus Beek, is presented by Islamist radicals as one of the founders of the New Order (1966–1998), the regime led by General Suharto which was very hostile to political Islam in its early days. This article analyses how the Society of Jesus was able to integrate Catholicism into the Javanese spiritual landscape and explores the subsequent roles played by Jesuit leaders in the genesis and defence of Pancasila. It also sheds light on how Josephus Beek’s very real manoeuvres have provided fodder for militant Islamist circles seeking to delegitimate Indonesia’s secular status quo.
Intersections between the culture of Xiao (孝) and caring for older relatives in China: perspectives of United Kingdom-based Chinese students on future care for their parents
Authors: Bifarin Oladayo , Quinn Catherine , Breen Liz , Zhang Bing , Oyebode Jan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmphasis placed on Xiao (孝; filial piety) in Chinese culture highlights parents' investment in their children with the expectation of being cared for when older. An increasing number of Chinese students come to the United Kingdom (UK) to study, with the majority returning home and likely to become future care-givers for their parents. Little attention has been paid to the implications of transnational mobility of Chinese students on the reciprocal aspects of future care responsibility. With the uniquely changing family structure due to consequences of the One-Child Policy, we conducted proactive research on the opportunities and challenges that Chinese transnational students anticipate they may face in future care-giving for elderly parents. Hence, this study's aim was to make a novel contribution to knowledge through exploration of the perspectives of Chinese students in England on intergenerational ties and filial obligations. Adopting a social constructivist philosophical position, we conducted three focus groups with 19 UK-based Chinese students, using a semi-structured topic guide with informed consent. Interviews were translated, transcribed and analysed using reflective thematic analysis, capturing semantic and latent meanings, and employed a descriptive and interpretative approach. Six themes were discovered, revealing a ‘culture of duty’ where familial obligation and societal expectations were prominent. Prospective care-givers anticipated a future dilemma between balancing work commitments and providing care as mandated by Xiao. Furthermore, it appeared that lack of preparedness might further exacerbate barriers faced when accessing support. We surmised that the changing demographics and absence of formal support could compound stressors over time, especially if cognitive dissonance arises as realities of life do not fit with societal expectations. Our findings imply that policy makers, practitioners and the government will need to adequately support prospective family care-givers who are returnees in caring for older generations.
Easy and plain languages as special cases of linguistic tailoring and standard language varieties
Authors: Leskelä Leealaura , Mustajoki Arto , Piehl Aino 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article aims to introduce new insights to further the understanding of easy language (EL) and plain language (PL) as examples of tailored language and place them within a broader context of linguistic varieties. We examine EL and PL in relation to standard language, and we consider the degree of conscious effort required in tailoring and the compliance with the codified norms of standard language. Both EL and PL are used in asymmetric communication: PL to mediate between specialists and the general public and EL in communication with people with language barriers. We argue that while these varieties have similar purposes and methods, they also have significant differences; for example, the tailoring moves in opposite directions, as PL seeks general comprehensibility and EL aims to reach special and vulnerable groups. The differences between PL and EL are primarily linked to social prestige and the potential risk of stigma related to their use.
Validation of the modified Chinese Information and Support Needs Questionnaire (ISNQ-C) for daughters of mothers with breast cancer
Authors: Fang Su-Ying , Chen Ting-Chun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdult daughters concerned about getting breast cancer throughout their lives and required support because their mothers had breast cancer.ObjectivesThis article aims to examine the revised Information and Support Needs Questionnaire (ISNQ) and validate it in a Taiwanese community population comprising daughters of mothers with breast cancer.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, daughters of mothers with breast cancer were recruited and were separated into 2 samples (Sample 1, n = 102, and Sample 2, n = 118). First, we translated and modified the ISNQ to ensure cultural adaptation and formed ISNQ Chinese version (ISNQ-C). Second, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis using both samples to explore the ISNQ-C factor structure. Finally, we tested the criterion validity and known‐group validity of the ISNQ-C using Sample 2.ResultsThirty-two items addressing 5 factors were identified for the ISNQ‐C. Each factor had good internal consistency. The criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between the ISNQ‐C scores and scores on the impacts of an event, anxiety, and depression. Known‐group comparisons revealed that the group with deceased mothers reported significantly more unmet needs related to “releasing my anxiety” compared to the group where the mother was stable and undergoing regular follow-ups.Significance of resultsThe ISNQ‐C demonstrated good reliability and validity in terms of assessing needs among daughters of mothers with breast cancer in Taiwan. Using this assessment tool before genetic counseling to target the individual needs of this population at risk for breast cancer would be helpful to provide personalized care.
Measuring Executive Ideology and Its Influence
Authors: Warner Seth B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExecutives are important elites, and ideology is important to elite behavior, but measurement challenges and a focus on the presidency have kept scholars from fully exploring executive ideology. This article advocates studying US governors to learn more about executive ideology. It provides an overview of the data scholars can use to measure gubernatorial preferences, and highlights Bonica’s campaign finance-based ideology scores (CFscores) as offering the greatest coverage and allowing common-scale comparisons with other actors. As a validation exercise, I find that CFscores explain within-party variation in other measures and predict the decisions that governors make when in office. Then, I run a preliminary test of the substantive importance of executive ideology. Four models explain state policy liberalism as a function of executive, legislative, and citizen ideology. Gubernatorial preferences emerge as most predictive of the three. These results encourage greater investigation into the role of executive ideology in the policy process.
Phase Unlocking and the Modulation of Tropopause‐Level Trace Gas Advection by the Quasibiennial Oscillation
Authors: Shah Kasturi , Solomon Susan , Kinnison Douglas , Fu Qiang , Thompson David W. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOpen questions about the modulation of near‐surface trace gas variability by stratosphere‐troposphere tracer transport complicate efforts to identify anthropogenic sources of gases such as CFC‐11 and N2O and disentangle them from dynamical influences. In this study, we explore one model's modulation of lower stratospheric tracer advection by the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of stratospheric equatorial zonal‐mean zonal winds at 50 hPa. We assess instances of coherent modulation versus disruption through phase unlocking with the seasonal cycle in the model and in observations. We quantify modeled advective contributions to the temporal rate of change of stratospheric CFC‐11 and N2O at extratropical and high‐latitudes by calculating a transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) budget across isentropic surfaces from a 10‐member WACCM4 ensemble simulation. We find that positive interannual variability in seasonal tracer advection generally occurs in the easterly QBO phase, as in previous work, and briefly discuss physical mechanisms. Individual simulations of the 10‐member ensemble display phase‐unlocking disruptions from this general pattern due to seasonally varying synchronizations between the model's repeating 28‐month QBO cycle and the 12‐month seasonal cycle. We find that phase locking and unlocking patterns of tracer advection calculations inferred from observations fall within the envelope of the ensemble member results. Our study bolsters evidence for variability in the interannual stratospheric dynamical influence of CFC‐11 near‐surface concentrations by assessing the QBO modulation of lower stratospheric advection via synchronization with the annual cycle. It identifies a likely cause of variations in the QBO influence on tropospheric abundances.
Chemical Geodynamics Insights From a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Stracke A. , Willig M. , Genske F. , Béguelin P. , Todd E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe radiogenic isotope heterogeneity of oceanic basalts is often assessed using 2D isotope ratio diagrams. But because the underlying data are at least six dimensional (87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, and 208,207,206Pb/204Pb), it is important to examine isotopic affinities in multi‐dimensional data space. Here, we apply t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE), a multi‐variate statistical data analysis technique, to a recent compilation of radiogenic isotope data of mid ocean ridge (MORB) and ocean island basalts (OIB). The t‐SNE results show that the apparent overlap of MORB‐OIB data trends in 2‐3D isotope ratios diagrams does not exist in multi‐dimensional isotope data space, revealing that there is no discrete “component” that is common to most MORB‐OIB mantle sources on a global scale. Rather, MORB‐OIB sample stochastically distributed small‐scale isotopic heterogeneities. Yet, oceanic basalts with the same isotopic affinity, as identified by t‐SNE, delineate several globally distributed regional domains. In the regional geodynamic context, the isotopic affinity of MORB and OIB is caused by capturing of actively upwelling mantle by adjacent ridges, and thus melting of mantle with similar origin in on, near, and off‐ridge settings. Moreover, within a given isotopic domain, subsidiary upwellings rising from a common deep mantle root often feed OIB volcanism over large surface areas. Overall, the t‐SNE results define a fundamentally new basis for relating isotopic variations in oceanic basalts to mantle geodynamics, and may launch a 21st century era of “chemical geodynamics.”
An Evolved Early Crust Exposed on Mars Revealed Through Spectroscopy
Authors: Payré V. , Salvatore M. R. , Edwards C. S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMars early crust is more complex than homogenously basaltic with evolved magmatism evidenced by intermediate and felsic igneous rocks found in various locations in the southern hemisphere and martian meteorites. Geophysical constraints argue against a dense thick basaltic crust in the southern hemisphere, rather consistent with a buried light crust (<3,100 kg m−3), possibly evolved, underneath a basaltic surface. One of the oldest crustal components accessible at the surface of Mars, Terra Cimmeria/Sirenum (TSC), presents geochemical anomalies potentially suggesting an evolved crustal component at depth. Using visible/near infrared spectroscopy, we identify nine excavated feldspar‐rich locations in this region, and thermal infrared data suggest a silica concentration corresponding to intermediate compositions. The low density of such terrains compared to basalts supports that TSC crustal component is evolved. Early crusts of planetary bodies in the solar system were thus not restricted to basaltic compositions, and evolved crusts might have been widespread.
First Assimilation of Atmospheric Temperatures From the Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer
Authors: Young Roland M. B. , Millour Ehouarn , Forget François , Smith Michael D. , Aljaberi Mariam , Edwards Christopher S. , Smith Nathan , Anwar Saadat , Christensen Philip R. , Wolff Michael J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe assimilate atmospheric temperatures from the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer on board the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM) into the Mars Planetary Climate Model at the start of EMM's early science phase (Mars Year 36 Ls = 57.34–92.90°). Mars data assimilation benefits significantly from EMM's unique near‐hemispheric observations, frequent repeated observations of the same location, and full diurnal cycle coverage. Our analysis verifies well against in‐sample temperature observations, and is 1–3 K warmer than Mars Climate Sounder observations. We identify a warm front in concurrent Emirates eXploration Imager observations by correlating an elongated water ice cloud with temperatures and winds in the analysis; the analysis winds are consistent with its observed motion. We also calculate the full horizontal wind diurnal cycle; the zonal flow is weaker and the meridional circulation is stronger than simulating the same time period using the model alone.
Geochemical Evidence for Diachronous Uplift and Synchronous Collapse of the High Elevation Variscan Hinterland
Authors: Hillenbrand Ian W. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCompeting end‐member models for the late Paleozoic Variscan orogeny (ca. 360‐290 Ma) alternatively suggest moderate 2–3 km elevations underlain by relatively thin crust (<50 km) or a thick crust (>55 km) that supported high 4–5 km elevations. We tested these models and quantified the crustal thickness and elevation evolution of the Variscan orogeny using igneous trace element geochemical proxies and geochronologic data. These data suggest that thick crust (55–70 km) capable of supporting 3–5 km elevations developed diachronously from east to west between ca. 350 and 315 Ma. Crustal thinning occurred from ca. 315 to 290 Ma across the orogen. Crustal thickness and elevation changes at ca. 340‐325 and 315‐290 Ma correspond with increases in silicate weathering recorded by Sr and Li isotopes, consistent with models in which silicate weathering of the Variscan orogen contributed to global cooling associated with the late Paleozoic ice age.
On the Statistical Estimation of Asymmetrical Relationship Between Two Climate Variables
Authors: Frankignoul Claude , Kwon Young‐Oh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo simple methods commonly used to detect asymmetry in climate research, composite analysis, and asymmetric linear regression, are discussed and compared using mathematical derivation and synthetic data. Asymmetric regression is shown to provide unbiased estimates only when the respective mean of positive and negative events is removed from both independent and dependent variables (i.e., non‐zero y‐intercepts). Composite analysis always provides biased results and strongly underestimates the asymmetry, albeit less so for very larger thresholds, which cannot be used with limited observational data. Hence, the unbiased asymmetric regression should be used, even though uncertainties can be large for small samples. Differences in estimated asymmetry are illustrated for the sea surface temperature and winter sea level pressure signals associated with El Niño and La Niña.