bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution of sinoatrial nodal cells and their innervation in the pig
Authors: Inokaitis Hermanas , Pauziene Neringa , Pauza Dainius H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe sinoatrial node (SAN) has been the object of interest of various studies. In experimental neurocardiology, the real challenge is the choice of the most appropriate animal model. Pig is routinely used animal due to its size and physiological features. Despite this, the anatomy and innervation of the pig SAN are not completely examined. This study analyses the distribution of SAN cells and their innervation in whole‐mount preparations and the cross‐sections of the pig right atrium. Our findings revealed the differences in the distribution of the SAN cells and their innervation pattern between pigs and other animals. The pig SAN myocytes were distributed around the root of the anterior vena cava. A meshwork of nerve fibers (NFs) in this area was four‐fold denser compared to other right atrial areas and contained the adrenergic (positive for TH), cholinergic (positive for ChAT), nitrergic (positive for nNOS), and potentially sensory (positive for SP) NFs. The SAN area contained 98 ± 10 ganglia that involved 21 ± 2 neuronal somata per ganglion. The determined chemical phenotypes of ganglionic cells demonstrate their diversity in the pig SAN area as there were identified neuronal somata positive for ChAT, nNOS, TH, and simultaneously for ChAT/nNOS and ChAT/TH. Small intensively fluorescent cells were also abundant. The broad distribution of SAN cells, the chemical diversity, and the high density of neural components in the SAN area are comparable to the human one and, therefore, the pig may be considered as the appropriate animal model for experimental cardiology.
The Efficacy of Short‐Term Bridging Strategies With High‐ and Low‐Dose Prednisolone on Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes in Active Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Krause Dietmar , Mai Anna , Klaassen‐Mielke Renate , Timmesfeld Nina , Trampisch Ulrike , Rudolf Henrik , Baraliakos Xenofon , Schmitz Elmar , Fendler Claas , Klink Claudia , Boeddeker Stephanie , Saracbasi‐Zender Ertan , Christoph Hans‐Joachim , Igelmann Manfred , Menne Hans‐Juergen , Schmid Albert , Rau Rolf , Wassenberg Siegfried , Sonuc Nilüfer , Ose Claudia , Schade‐Brittinger Carmen , Trampisch Hans J. , Braun Juergen 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveIn active early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), glucocorticoids are often used for bridging, due to the delayed action of methotrexate. This study was undertaken to compare the effect of 3 bridging strategies, including high‐dose and low‐dose prednisolone, on radiographic and clinical outcomes.MethodsAdult RA patients from 1 rheumatology hospital and 23 rheumatology practices who presented with moderate/high disease activity were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 60 mg prednisolone (high‐dose prednisolone [HDP]) or 10 mg prednisolone (low‐dose prednisolone [LDP]) daily (tapered to 0 mg within 12 weeks) or placebo. The 12‐week intervention period was followed by 40 weeks of therapy at the physicians' discretion. The primary outcome measure was radiographic change at 1 year measured using the total modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS). Disease activity was assessed with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR).ResultsOf 395 randomized patients (HDP, n = 132; LDP, n = 131; placebo, n = 132), 375 (95%) remained in the modified intention‐to‐treat analysis. Mean ± SD changes in SHS scores in the 3 groups after 1 year were comparable: mean ± SD 1.0 ± 2.0 units in the HDP group, 1.1 ± 2.2 units in the LDP group, and 1.1 ± 1.5 units in the placebo group. The primary analysis showed no superiority of HDP compared to placebo (estimated difference of the mean change −0.04 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.5, 0.4]). At week 12, the mean DAS28‐ESR differed: −0.6 (95% CI −1.0, −0.2) for HDP versus placebo; –0.8 (95% CI −1.2, −0.5) for LDP versus placebo. At week 52, there was no significant difference in DAS28‐ESR between the 3 groups (range 2.6–2.8). Serious adverse events occurred similarly often.ConclusionShort‐term glucocorticoid bridging therapy at a high dose showed no benefit with regard to progression of radiographic damage at 1 year.
Risk Assessment for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis Using Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Sedaghati‐Khayat Bahar , Boer Cindy G. , Runhaar Jos , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita M. A. , Broer Linda , Ikram M. Arfan , Zeggini Eleftheria , Uitterlinden André G. , van Rooij Jeroen G. J. , van Meurs Joyce B. J. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivePolygenic risk scores (PRS) allow risk stratification using common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and clinical applications are currently explored for several diseases. This study was undertaken to assess the risk of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) using PRS.MethodsWe analyzed 12,732 individuals from a population‐based cohort from the Rotterdam Study (n = 11,496), a clinical cohort (Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee [CHECK] study; n = 908), and a high‐risk cohort of overweight women (Prevention of Knee OA in Overweight Females [PROOF] study; n = 328), for the association of the PRS with prevalence/incidence of radiographic OA, of clinical OA, and of total hip replacement (THR) or total knee replacement (TKR). The hip PRS and knee PRS contained 44 and 24 independent SNPs, respectively, and were derived from a recent genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis. Standardized PRS (with Z transformation) were used in all analyses.ResultsWe found a stronger association of the PRS for clinically defined OA compared to radiographic OA phenotypes, and we observed the highest PRS risk stratification for TKR/THR. The odds ratio (OR) per SD was 1.3 for incident THR (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–1.5) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.3–1.9) for incident TKR in the Rotterdam Study. The knee PRS was associated with incident clinical knee OA in the CHECK study (OR 1.3 [95% CI 1.1–1.5]), but not for the PROOF study (OR 1.2 [95% CI 0.8–1.7]). The OR for OA increased gradually across the PRS distribution, up to 2.1 (95% CI 1.4–3.2) for individuals with the 10% highest PRS compared to the middle 50% of the PRS distribution.ConclusionOur findings validated the association of PRS across OA definitions. Since OA is becoming frequent and primary prevention is not commonly applicable, PRS‐based risk assessment could play a role in OA prevention. However, the utility of PRS is dependent on the setting. Further studies are needed to test the integration of genetic risk assessment in diverse health care settings.
Longitudinal Immune Cell Profiling in Patients With Early Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sasaki Takanori , Bracero Sabrina , Keegan Joshua , Chen Lin , Cao Ye , Stevens Emma , Qu Yujie , Wang Guoxing , Nguyen Jennifer , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Holers V. Michael , Alves Stephen E. , Lederer James A. , Costenbader Karen H. , Rao Deepak A. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the immune cell profiles of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to identify longitudinal changes in those profiles over time.MethodsWe employed mass cytometry with 3 different panels of 38–39 markers (an immunophenotyping panel, a T cell/monocyte panel, and a B cell panel) in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 9 patients with early SLE, 15 patients with established SLE, and 14 controls without autoimmune disease. We used machine learning–driven clustering, flow self‐organizing maps, and dimensional reduction with t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to identify unique cell populations in early SLE and established SLE. We used mass cytometry data of PBMCs from 19 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 23 controls to compare levels of specific cell populations in early RA and SLE. For the 9 patients with early SLE, longitudinal mass cytometry analysis was applied to PBMCs at enrollment, 6 months after enrollment, and 1 year after enrollment. Serum samples were also assayed for 65 cytokines using Luminex multiplex assay, and associations between cell types and cytokines/chemokines were assessed.ResultsLevels of peripheral helper T cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, and several Ki‐67+ proliferating subsets (ICOS+Ki‐67+ CD8 T cells, Ki‐67+ regulatory T cells, CD19intermediateKi‐67high plasmablasts, and PU.1highKi‐67high monocytes) were increased in patients with early SLE, with more prominent alterations than were seen in patients with early RA. Longitudinal mass cytometry and multiplex serum cytokine assays of samples from patients with early SLE revealed that levels of Tfh cells and CXCL10 had decreased 1 year after enrollment. Levels of CXCL13 were positively correlated with levels of several of the expanded cell populations in early SLE.ConclusionTwo major helper T cell subsets and unique Ki‐67+ proliferating immune cell subsets were expanded in patients in the early phase of SLE, and the immunologic features characteristic of early SLE evolved over time.
Tofacitinib and Risk of Malignancy: Results From the Safety of Tofacitinib in Routine Care Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (STAR‐RA) Study
Authors: Khosrow‐Khavar Farzin , Desai Rishi J. , Lee Hemin , Lee Su Been , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesResults of the ORAL Surveillance safety trial have indicated that there is an increased risk for the development of malignancies with tofacitinib therapy when compared to treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). This study was undertaken to further examine this safety concern in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in a real‐world setting.MethodsUsing US insurance claims data from Optum Clinformatics (2012–2020), IBM MarketScan Research Databases (2012–2018), and Medicare (parts A, B, and D, 2012–2017), we created 2 cohorts of RA patients who had initiated treatment with tofacitinib or TNFi. The first cohort, designated the real‐world evidence (RWE) cohort, included RA patients from routine care. For the second cohort, designated the randomized controlled trial (RCT)–duplicate cohort, we emulated the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were applied in the ORAL Surveillance trial of tofacitinib, which allowed us to assess the comparability of our results with the results of that trial. Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score fine‐stratification weighting were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the risk of any malignancy (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer). Database‐specific estimates were meta‐analyzed using fixed‐effects models with inverse‐variance weighting.ResultsThe RWE cohort consisted of 83,295 patients, including 10,504 patients (12.6%) who received treatment with tofacitinib. The pooled weighted HR for the primary outcome of any malignancy associated with tofacitinib treatment compared to any malignancy associated with TNFi therapy was 1.01 (95% CI 0.83, 1.22) in the RWE cohort and 1.17 (95% CI 0.85, 1.62) in the RCT‐duplicate cohort (compared to the ORAL Surveillance trial HR of 1.48 [95% CI 1.04, 2.09]).ConclusionWe did not find evidence of an increased risk of malignancy development with tofacitinib therapy, in comparison with TNFi therapy, in RA patients treated in a real‐world setting. However, our results cannot rule out the possibility of an increase in risk that may accrue with a longer duration of treatment with tofacitinib.
An application of the trial‐based functional analysis to assess problem behavior evoked by ritual interruption
Authors: Weyman Jennifer R. , Bloom Sarah E. , Campos Claudia , Garcia Anna R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder engage in restricted and repetitive behavior. Some of these children engage in problem behavior when these rituals are interrupted. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the use of the trial‐based functional analysis to assess problem behavior related to ritual interruption and to treat the problem behavior using functional communication training plus a multiple schedule. We found that the trial‐based functional analysis correctly identified the presence of a rituals function and the treatment was effective in four of four participants, and the treatment generalized to additional rituals for three of three participants.
The architecture and metabolic traits of monospecific photosynthetic biofilms studied in a custom flow‐through system
Authors: Fanesi Andrea , Martin Thierry , Breton Cyril , Bernard Olivier , Briandet Romain , Lopes Filipa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMicroalgae biofilms have great ecological importance and high biotechnological potential. Nevertheless, an in‐depth and combined structural (i.e., the architecture of the biofilm) and physiological characterization of microalgae biofilms is still missing. An approach able to provide the same time physiological and structural information during biofilm growth would be of paramount importance to understand these complex biological systems and to optimize their productivity. In this study, monospecific biofilms of a diatom and a green alga were grown under dynamic conditions in custom flow cells represented by UV/Vis spectroscopic cuvettes. Such flow cells were conceived to characterize the biofilms by several techniques mostly in situ and in a nondestructive way. Physiological traits were obtained by measuring variable chlorophyll a fluorescence by pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry and by scanning the biofilms in a spectrometer to obtain in vivo pigments spectral signatures. The architectural features were obtained by imaging the biofilms with a confocal laser scanning microscopy and an optical coherence tomography. Overall, this experimental setup allowed us to follow the growth of two biofilm‐forming microalgae showing that cell physiology is more affected in complex biofilms likely as a consequence of alterations in local environmental conditions.
A qualitative exploration of psychologists' experiences of teletherapy within the Irish Public Mental Health System
Authors: Reilly Katie , Maher Michael , Smith Elaine , Coyne Elaine , Murphy Síle , Wilson Charlotte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe current qualitative study aimed to investigate psychologists' experiences of teletherapy throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a particular focus on teletherapy's impact on therapeutic relationships.MethodFifteen participants, consisting of clinical and counselling psychologists employed by the Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland, participated in semi‐structured interviews conducted via telephone.ResultsConstructionist thematic analysis yielded three prominent themes: (i) psychologists experienced a lack of control over therapeutic boundaries with their clients, such as the setting and time in which sessions take place. Teletherapy also encroaches on psychologists' personal boundaries from having aspects of their home lives becoming associated with clients' trauma; (ii) psychologists have to work much harder to make the connection with clients due to the substantial loss of information, including non‐verbal cues, transmitted across teletherapeutic platforms; and (iii) psychologists themselves feel uncontained from being insufficiently supported by the HSE, which impacts on their ability to contain high‐risk clients via teletherapy.ConclusionsVarious aspects of the therapeutic relationship, including therapeutic boundaries between psychologists and their clients, and psychologists' ability to make the connection and foster containment with their clients, were impacted by teletherapy. Psychologists need to feel heard, supported and appreciated to ensure optimal delivery of teletherapy in future.
Novice therapist, the client and therapy: Integrating the triad
Authors: Bhandari Anahita , Sriram Sujata 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTherapy process research focuses on understanding how therapy is conducted by professionals in the field. It is a nascent field of psychotherapy enquiry in India. This paper explores how novice therapists in India perceive their clients, and how this influences the process of therapy. In depth interviews were conducted with ten novice therapists, with less than six years of practice experience, from Mumbai, India. The data was thematically analysed. The data revealed that therapists' perceptions of their clients were defined by socio‐demographic features of age and gender, along with presenting complaints and personal attributes. Participants had defined beliefs about good clients as contrasted with difficult ones. Distinct preferences for particular client types were identified. The antecedents to these beliefs were attributed to the therapist's worldview, their training and the supervision received. These views, and the conceptualisation of the client, influenced the choice of client, the process of therapy and how they proceeded with sessions, and their methods of referral. The data from the study has implications for therapist training, supervision and further research.
Vertical vs. horizontal presentation formats result in different consumption choices due to construal priming
Authors: Mukherjee Sudipta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research shows that vertical versus horizontal presentation of choices influence decision‐making differently. Based on the existing research on construal priming, this research hypothesizes and shows that vertical (vs. horizontal) choice presentation primes a stronger concrete (vs. abstract) construal, and that this systematically affects consumption choices. Across a series of four studies, we show that the stronger concrete (vs. abstract) construal priming by vertical (vs. horizontal) choice presentation results in a greater perceived importance of price (vs. quality) and secondary (vs. primary) choice attributes while making consumption choices. Contributions emerge for literatures on construal priming and contextual framing, and for managerial practice.
Intelligent image‐activated sorting of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by mitochondrial localization
Authors: Harmon Jeffrey , Findinier Justin , Ishii Natsumi Tiffany , Herbig Maik , Isozaki Akihiro , Grossman Arthur , Goda Keisuke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganelle positioning in cells is associated with various metabolic functions and signaling in unicellular organisms. Specifically, the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii repositions its mitochondria, depending on the levels of inorganic carbon. Mitochondria are typically randomly distributed in the Chlamydomonas cytoplasm, but relocate toward the cell periphery at low inorganic carbon levels. This mitochondrial relocation is linked with the carbon‐concentrating mechanism, but its significance is not yet thoroughly understood. A genotypic understanding of this relocation would require a high‐throughput method to isolate rare mutant cells not exhibiting this relocation. However, this task is technically challenging due to the complex intracellular morphological difference between mutant and wild‐type cells, rendering conventional non‐image‐based high‐event‐rate methods unsuitable. Here, we report our demonstration of intelligent image‐activated cell sorting by mitochondrial localization. Specifically, we applied an intelligent image‐activated cell sorting system to sort for C. reinhardtii cells displaying no mitochondrial relocation. We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to distinguish the cell types based on the complex morphology of their mitochondria. The CNN was employed to perform image‐activated sorting for the mutant cell type at 180 events per second, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude faster than automated microscopy with robotic pipetting, resulting in an enhancement of the concentration from 5% to 56.5% corresponding to an enrichment factor of 11.3. These results show the potential of image‐activated cell sorting for connecting genotype–phenotype relations for rare‐cell populations, which require a high throughput and could lead to a better understanding of metabolic functions in cells.
Convergent regional brain abnormalities in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: A neuroimaging meta‐analysis of 73 studies
Authors: Kamalian Aida , Khodadadifar Tina , Saberi Amin , Masoudi Maryam , Camilleri Julia A. , Eickhoff Claudia R. , Zarei Mojtaba , Pasquini Lorenzo , Laird Angela R. , Fox Peter T. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Tahmasian Masoud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionNumerous studies have reported brain alterations in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). However, they pointed to inconsistent findings.MethodsWe used a meta‐analytic approach to identify the convergent structural and functional brain abnormalities in bvFTD. Following current best‐practice neuroimaging meta‐analysis guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase databases and performed reference tracking. Then, the coordinates of group comparisons between bvFTD and controls from 73 studies were extracted and tested for convergence using activation likelihood estimation.ResultsWe identified convergent abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortices, anterior insula, amygdala, paracingulate, striatum, and hippocampus. Task‐based and resting‐state functional connectivity pointed to the networks that are connected to the obtained consistent regions. Functional decoding analyses suggested associated dysfunction of emotional processing, interoception, reward processing, higher‐order cognitive functions, and olfactory and gustatory perceptions in bvFTD.DiscussionOur findings highlighted the key role of the salience network and subcortical regions in the pathophysiology of bvFTD.
Insights on the biomineralisation processes and related diversity of cyanobacterial microflora in thermogenic travertine deposits in Greek hot springs (North‐West Euboea Island)
Authors: Kanellopoulos Christos , Lamprinou Vasiliki , Politi Artemis , Voudouris Panagiotis , Economou‐Amilli Athena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify the biomineralisation processes in hot springs of North‐West Euboea Island by assessing the physico‐chemical parameters of the hot water, the travertine mineralogical composition and facies, and the cyanobacterial microflora. In the studied area, the main mineral phases are calcite and aragonite, creating laminated and shrub facies of travertine deposits in close association with the cyanobacterial microflora. Microscopic analysis of fresh and cultured field samples shows the presence of 81 taxa of Cyanobacteria belonging to six orders, that is, Oscillatoriales, Synechococcales, Spirulinales, Chroococcales, Nostocales and Chroococcidiopsidales with the main factors controlling biodiversity being temperature, salinity and access to sunlight. No Cyanobacteria species were identified in areas with temperatures over 65oC. In areas with high salinity (27–37‰), the order Oscillatoriales predominates. On the other hand, in areas with high temperatures (63oC), fewer orders were observed, usually only Synechococcales and Spirulinales. In areas with lower temperatures (37oC), larger numbers of Cyanobacteria orders were identified. Additionally, salinity seems to regulate the presence of the Nostocales order. The combined geobiological study revealed the presence of four biomineralisation processes involving calcium carbonate minerals, that is, (i) filamentous Cyanobacteria and extracellular polymeric substances trapping calcium carbonate crystals, (ii) extracellular polymeric substances acting as a template favouring mineral precipitation for crystal nucleation, (iii) formation of calcified Cyanobacteria sheaths and (iv) alteration of calcium carbonate crystals by endolithic Cyanobacteria. The identified biomineralisation processes suggest that the formation of calcium carbonate crystals is due to the metabolic activity of Cyanobacteria, or that the Cyanobacteria favour the deposition or the alteration of already existing crystals. The combination of these processes and the non‐biotic (abiotic) mineralisation result in the formation of hybrid carbonates in the study area.