bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Therapy Induces a Potent Immune Response to Sarcoma, Dominated by Myeloid and B Cells
Authors: Goff Peter H. , Riolobos Laura , LaFleur Bonnie J. , Spraker Matthew B. , Seo Y. David , Smythe Kimberly S. , Campbell Jean S. , Pierce Robert H. , Zhang Yuzheng , He Qianchuan , Kim Edward Y. , Schaub Stephanie K. , Kane Gabrielle M. , Mantilla Jose G. , Chen Eleanor Y. , Ricciotti Robert , Thompson Matthew J. , Cranmer Lee D. , Wagner Michael J. , Loggers Elizabeth T. , Jones Robin L. , Murphy Erin , Blumenschein Wendy M. , McClanahan Terrill K. , Earls Jon , Flanagan Kevin C. , LaFranzo Natalie A. , Kim Teresa S. , Pollack Seth M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
To characterize changes in the soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) tumor immune microenvironment induced by standard neoadjuvant therapy with the goal of informing neoadjuvant immunotherapy trial design.

Experimental Design:
Paired pre- and postneoadjuvant therapy specimens were retrospectively identified for 32 patients with STSs and analyzed by three modalities: multiplexed IHC, NanoString, and RNA sequencing with ImmunoPrism analysis.

Results:
All 32 patients, representing a variety of STS histologic subtypes, received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 21 (66%) received chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. The most prevalent immune cells in the tumor before neoadjuvant therapy were myeloid cells (45% of all immune cells) and B cells (37%), with T (13%) and natural killer (NK) cells (5%) also present. Neoadjuvant therapy significantly increased the total immune cells infiltrating the tumors across all histologic subtypes for patients receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. An increase in the percentage of monocytes and macrophages, particularly M2 macrophages, B cells, and CD4+ T cells was observed postneoadjuvant therapy. Upregulation of genes and cytokines associated with antigen presentation was also observed, and a favorable pathologic response (≥90% necrosis postneoadjuvant therapy) was associated with an increase in monocytic infiltrate. Upregulation of the T-cell checkpoint TIM3 and downregulation of OX40 were observed posttreatment.

Conclusions:
Standard neoadjuvant therapy induces both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects within a complex sarcoma microenvironment dominated by myeloid and B cells. This work informs ongoing efforts to incorporate immune checkpoint inhibitors and novel immunotherapies into the neoadjuvant setting for STSs.
Chinese Governance Export in Central Asia
Authors: Yau Niva 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The People’s Republic of China has been actively promoting its governance styles abroad. In Central Asia, these programs have increased rapidly both in terms of their frequency and scope. This paper documents 59 in-China training programs for Central Asian officials from 2007 to 2020, the majority of which concerned security management and involved Chinese technology and equipment transfers. It is evident that Central Asian governments are adopting surveillance practices that are based on Chinese security ideology. As Central Asian states absorb these governance models, a new set of security and human rights issues is emerging.
The osce in Central Asia: Engagement, Presence, Problems
Authors: Dunay Pál 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Central Asia is a region where the osce has been engaged for more than two decades, including with missions and field presences in all five participating states. This engagement reflects the hope that these countries will gradually align themselves with the values, principles and norms of the organization. The region, however, presents the following challenges. First, Central Asian states strictly adhere to state sovereignty and want to constrain the osce’s involvement in domestic affairs. Second, these states prioritize the organization’s economic and ecological dimension, and want to reduce the importance of its human rights dimension. Finally, the activity programmes of the remaining osce field presences in the region are subject to the approval of host governments.
A Sindhi Bhagat Song Associated with Kanvar Ram
Authors: Garin Jyoti 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article presents a translation from the Sindhi oral tradition of bhagat. It originates in Sindh, Pakistan. Today it is practiced by Hindu narrators in post-Partition India. The song translated in this paper focuses upon Bhagat Kanvar Ram, who contemporary bhagat narrators mention frequently. This essay exemplifies his influence on the bhagat tradition in the areas of inspiration, authority, and performance style. It offers a glimpse of the dynamics of the live performances of oral texts.
Case Report of Hepatitis C Treatment Success in Male With Decompensated Cirrhosis and Polysubstance Abuse: The Important Role of the Pharmacist in Active Care Coordination
Authors: Bricker-Ford Robin , Brumenschenkel Amy 
Published: February 2022

This is a case report of a man with decompensated cirrhosis and polysubstance abuse that was cured of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through pharmacist active care coordination. The patient was prescribed Epclusa (sofosbuvir 400 mg/velpatasvir 100 mg) 1 tablet by mouth daily for 24 weeks, but finished his course 18 days late due to poor compliance and treatment interruptions. The active role of the clinical pharmacist in the hepatology clinic facilitated the patient’s ongoing engagement in care, leading to treatment success.
Effect of carbon nanotube surface modification on tensile properties of carbon fiber epoxy impregnated bundle composites
Authors: Naito Kimiyoshi , Nagai Chiemi 
Published: February 2022

The effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the tensile properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber epoxy impregnated bundle composites was investigated. To grow CNTs on the carbon fibers, the following catalysts were selected: Ferrocene ([Fe(C5H5)2]) catalyst applied to the bundles using chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate ([Fe(NO3)3•9H2O]) catalyst applied by dipping the bundles in ethanol solutions of different concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 M. For bundle composites with Fe(C5H5)2-catalyzed CNTs, the Weibull modulus was 29% higher than the as-received state, although the tensile strength is almost unchanged. The Weibull modulus is 9–39% higher than the as-received state for Fe(NO3)3•9H2O catalyst solutions in the range 0.01–0.3 M, while it decreases by 22–32% for 0.4–0.5 M solutions. The tensile strength is lower in both cases; 4–7% lower for 0.01–0.3 M solutions and 14–17% lower for 0.4–0.5 M solutions. Fe(NO3)3•9H2O catalysts 0.1 M solutions gives the best combination of tensile strength and Weibull modulus improvement. The results also show that for each type of CNT-grafted and as-received PAN-based carbon fibers, an almost linear relation between the Weibull modulus and average tensile strength on the log-log scale is observed. This relation indicates that Fe(C5H5)2 catalyst-grafting of CNTs gives better tensile strength and Weibull modulus results.
Deliberately Causing Brand Confusion: State of the (Unfair) Art
Authors: Dugar Anurag , Moorthi Y. L. R. 
Published: February 2022

Brand Confusion is a time-worn yet highly relevant topic for marketers, researchers, and regulatory agencies because colossal and ever-increasing number of legal cases on brand confusion have kept them interested in it. This study aims to provide a commentary on worldwide scientific literature on brand confusion highlighting the evolution, advances, trends, and inter-connections. For this purpose, 200 documents on brand confusion published between 1985 and 2019 have been systematically reviewed using Bibliometrix, a software based on R Studio. This study contributes by presenting a snapshot of the extant research on brand confusion and by providing useful insights for practitioners and researchers in terms of managerial implications and directions for further research. This is the first study to explore a wide range of global interdisciplinary scholarly work on brand confusion and its causes.
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on mobile stroke units for prehospital stroke management
Authors: Walter Silke , Audebert Heinrich J , Katsanos Aristeidis H , Larsen Karianne , Sacco Simona , Steiner Thorsten , Turc Guillaume , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: February 2022

The safety and efficacy of mobile stroke units (MSUs) in prehospital stroke management has recently been investigated in different clinical studies. MSUs are ambulances equipped with a CT scanner, point-of-care lab, telemedicine and are staffed with a stroke specialised medical team. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides an up-to-date evidence-based recommendation to assist decision-makers in their choice on using MSUs for prehospital management of suspected stroke, which includes patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and stroke mimics. The guidelines were developed according to the ESO standard operating procedure and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group identified relevant clinical questions, performed systematic reviews and aggregated data meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence and made specific recommendations. Expert consensus statements are provided where sufficient evidence was not available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach. We found moderate evidence for suggesting MSU management for patients with suspected stroke. The patient group diagnosed with AIS shows an improvement of functional outcomes at 90 days, reduced onset to treatment times and increased proportion receiving IVT within 60 min from onset. MSU management might be beneficial for patients with ICH as MSU management was associated with a higher proportion of ICH patients being primarily transported to tertiary care stroke centres. No safety concerns (all-cause mortality, proportion of stroke mimics treated with IVT, symptomatic intracranial bleeding and major extracranial bleeding) could be identified for all patients managed with a MSU compared to conventional care. We suggest MSU management to improve prehospital management of suspected stroke patients.
Toxicological assessment of truebroc® glucoraphanin-rich broccoli seed extract
Authors: Kruger Claire , Symonds Jennifer , Conze Dietrich 
Published: February 2022

TrueBroc® Glucoraphanin-Rich Broccoli Seed Extract (TrueBroc®), is a hot water extract of Brassica oleracea var. Italica Plenck (Brassicaceae) seeds. The broccoli seeds are non-genetically modified and are tested and selected for their specific glucosinolate content. TrueBroc® contains greater than 99% of the aliphatic glucosinolate glucoraphanin and its precursor glucoerucin in the glucosinolate fraction. A battery of toxicology assays was conducted on TrueBroc® which includes in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies, an acute oral toxicity study in rats, a subchronic toxicology study in rats. The result from the subchronic rat study establishes a NOAEL of 1500 mg/kg/day.
Most anti-PF4 antibodies in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia are transient
Authors: Schönborn Linda , Thiele Thomas , Kaderali Lars , Günther Albrecht , Hoffmann Till , Seck Sabrina Edigna , Selleng Kathleen , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is triggered by vaccination against COVID-19 with adenovirus vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19; Ad26.COV2-S). In this observational study, we followed VITT patients for changes in their reactivity of platelet-activating antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by an anti-PF4/heparin IgG enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a functional test for PF4-dependent, platelet-activating antibodies, and new thrombotic complications. Sixty-five VITT patients (41 females; median, 51 years; range, 18-80 years) were followed for a median of 25 weeks (range, 3-36 weeks). In 48/65 patients (73.8%; CI, 62.0% to 83.0%) the functional assay became negative. The median time to negative functional test result was 15.5 weeks (range, 5-28 weeks). In parallel, EIA optical density (OD) values decreased from median 3.12 to 1.52 (P &lt; .0001), but seroreversion to a negative result was seen in only 14 (21.5%) patients. Five (7.5%) patients showed persistent platelet-activating antibodies and high EIA ODs for &gt;11 weeks. None of the 29 VITT patients who received a second vaccination dose with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine developed new thromboses or relevant increase in anti-PF4/heparin IgG EIA OD, regardless of whether PF4-dependent platelet-activating antibodies were still present. PF4-dependent platelet-activating antibodies are transient in most patients with VITT. VITT patients can safely receive a second COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine shot.
PΨFinder: a practical tool for the identification and visualization of novel pseudogenes in DNA sequencing data
Authors: Abrahamsson Sanna , Eiengård Frida , Rohlin Anna , Dávila López Marcela 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Processed pseudogenes (PΨgs) are disabled gene copies that are transcribed and may affect expression of paralogous genes. Moreover, their insertion in the genome can disrupt the structure or the regulatory region of a gene, affecting its expression level. These events have been identified as occurring mutations during cancer development, thus being able to identify PΨgs and their location will improve their impact on diagnostic testing, not only in cancer but also in inherited disorders.

Results
We have implemented PΨFinder (P-psy-finder), a tool that identifies PΨgs, annotates known ones and predicts their insertion site(s) in the genome. The tool screens alignment files and provides user-friendly summary reports and visualizations. To demonstrate its applicability, we scanned 218 DNA samples from patients screened for hereditary colorectal cancer. We detected 423 PΨgs distributed in 96% of the samples, comprising 7 different parent genes. Among these, we confirmed the well-known insertion site of the SMAD4-PΨg within the last intron of the SCAI gene in one sample. While for the ubiquitous CBX3-PΨg, present in 82.6% of the samples, we found it reversed inserted in the second intron of the C15ORF57 gene.

Conclusions
PΨFinder is a tool that can automatically identify novel PΨgs from DNA sequencing data and determine their location in the genome with high sensitivity (95.92%). It generates high quality figures and tables that facilitate the interpretation of the results and can guide the experimental validation. PΨFinder is a complementary analysis to any mutational screening in the identification of disease-causing mutations within cancer and other diseases.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients screened by rapid response team who transferred to the intensive care unit
Authors: Lee Song-I. , Koh Jeong Suk , Kim Yoon Joo , Kang Da Hyun , Lee Jeong Eun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The utilization of a rapid response team (RRT) has influenced the clinical outcomes of patients in the general ward. However, the characteristics of RRT-screened patients who are transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) are unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate these factors.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study using patient data from a tertiary medical center in Republic of Korea between January 2016 and December 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality.

Results
A total of 1,096 patients were included: 389 patients were transferred to the ICU, and 707 patients stayed in the ward. Patients in the ICU group were more likely to be admitted for medical reasons, hepatobiliary disease, and high heart rate. More interventions were performed, hospital stays were longer, and the 28-day and in-hospital mortality rates were higher in the ICU group than in the ward group. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that risk factors affecting ICU admission were higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, National Early Warning Score (NEWS), platelet count, and lactate level. ICU transfer was not associated with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
Among RRT-screened patients, those with higher SOFA score, NEWS, and lactate level were more likely to be transferred to the ICU. Therefore, these patients should be closely monitored and considered for ICU transfer.
Nonthyroidal illness syndrome in acute pancreatitis patients: an 8-year cohort study
Authors: Qu Cheng , Duan Zehua , Xiao Xiaojia , Wei Mei , Gao Kun , Yu Xianqiang , Ke Lu , Tong Zhihui , Li Weiqin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) is common in critical illness and is associated with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence, charateristics, and prognosis of NTIS and its correlation with outcomes in AP patients.MethodsA retrospective review of AP patients with a diagnosis of NTIS from Jan 2012 to September 2020 was performed. The serum thyroidal hormone (TH) disturbances, as well as the demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of the study patients, were collected and analyzed.ResultsOver the eight years, 183 included AP patients were diagnosed as NTIS, constituting an incidence of 64.7%. Patients with NTIS were admitted with worse condition based on the higher APACHE II score, SOFA score, Balthazar's CT score, CRP and lower albumin than euthyroid patients. Also, these patients had a longer ICU duration (3, 2–10 vs 2, 0–3, days,P = 0.039) and tended to be more likely to develop infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) (15.3% vs 6.3%,P = 0.087) and gastrointestinal fistula (6% vs 0%,P = 0.082) than euthyroid patients. Free triiodothyronine (FT3) was found the best performance in predicting death compared by other well-recognized biomarkers.ConclusionNTIS is common in AP patients within 7 days after the onset of the disease. NTIS is associated with the worse characteristics at admission and poor outcome during the course. FT3 should be investigate as a potential biomarker in the prediction of death in AP patients.
Needs of family members caring for stroke survivors in china: A deductive qualitative content analysis study by using the caregiver task inventory-25
Authors: Lu Qi , Mårtensson Jan , Zhao Yue , Johansson Linda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn China, family caregivers are usually the main carers of relatives after stroke due to traditional Chinese culture and the limited development of the primary healthcare system. This responsibility often results in burdens and negative health outcomes. However, family caregivers seldom receive support. To improve informal care, as well as the health and well-being of family caregivers, it is important to identify their needs.ObjectiveThis study aimed to deductively explore the needs of family members caring for stroke survivors in China.MethodsTwenty-six semi-structured interviews were performed with family caregivers of stroke survivors who were selected from one city and three communities by purposive sampling. A deductive qualitative content analysis method was performed by using the Caregiver Task Inventory-25 (CTI-25), an instrument measuring the needs of family caregivers, as a framework.ResultsAll subscales, as well as all belonging items in the CTI-25, were identified in the present study, meaning that the family caregivers had needs related tolearning to cope with new role, providing care according to care-receiver’s needs, managing own emotional needs, appraising supportive resources, and balancing caregiving needs and one’s own needs. Moreover, needs related to financial support, both direct and indirect, were identified but not part of the CTI-25.ConclusionThese findings identified that family caregivers of stroke survivors in China had various needs, which is important knowledge when assessing needs and improving health care for family caregivers. Cultural adjustments and modifications should be made if CTI-25 is used in mainland China. This study also indicated a comprehensive and holistic perspective (individual, community, and social level) when identifying, assessing needs or implementing interventions to support family caregivers.
Blood culture surveillance in a secondary care hospital in Benin: epidemiology of bloodstream infection pathogens and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Ombelet Sien , Kpossou Gutemberg , Kotchare Carine , Agbobli Esenam , Sogbo Frédéric , Massou Faridath , Lagrou Katrien , Barbé Barbara , Affolabi Dissou , Jacobs Jan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Although global surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered key in the containment of AMR, data from low- and middle-income countries, especially from sub-Saharan Africa, are scarce. This study describes epidemiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance rates in a secondary care hospital in Benin.

Methods
Blood cultures were sampled, according to predefined indications, in BacT/ALERT FA Plus and PF Plus (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) blood culture bottles (BCB) in a district hospital (Boko hospital) and to a lesser extent in the University hospital of Parakou. These BCB were incubated for 7 days in a standard incubator and twice daily inspected for visual signs of growth. Isolates retrieved from the BCB were processed locally and later shipped to Belgium for reference identification [matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrometry (MALDI-TOF)] and antibiotic susceptibility testing (disk diffusion and E-tests).

Results
From October 2017 to February 2020, 3353 BCB were sampled, corresponding to 3140 blood cultures (212 cultures consisting of  > 1 BCB) and 3082 suspected bloodstream infection (BSI) episodes. Most of these cultures (n = 2471; 78.7%) were sampled in children < 15 years of age. Pathogens were recovered from 383 (12.4%) cultures, corresponding to 381 confirmed BSI. 340 of these pathogens were available and confirmed by reference identification. The most common pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 53; 15.6%), Salmonella Typhi (n = 52; 15.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 46; 13.5%). AMR rates were high among Enterobacterales, with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in 77.6% of K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 58), 12.8% of Escherichia coli isolates (n = 49) and 70.5% of Enterobacter cloacae isolates (n = 44). Carbapenemase production was detected in 2 Escherichia coli and 2 Enterobacter cloacae isolates, all of which were of the New Delhi metallo-beta lactamase type. Methicillin resistance was present in 22.4% of S. aureus isolates (n = 49).

Conclusion
Blood cultures were successfully implemented in a district hospital in Benin, especially among the pediatric patient population. Unexpectedly high rates of AMR among Gram-negative bacteria against commonly used antibiotics were found, demonstrating the clinical and scientific importance of clinical bacteriology laboratories at this level of care.