bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic diagnostic approach of peri‐volcanic area fatalities: About two cases at piton de la Fournaise
Authors: Pefferkorn Eulalie , Lossois Maisy , Le Gallo Arnaud , Loire Christophe , Bascou Agathe , Berthezène Jean‐Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Piton de la Fournaise, located on the island of Reunion, is a particularly active volcano that gathers many observers during its eruptions. However, this activity, if not supervised, can involve many risks. During the eruption of Piton de la Fournaise in April 2021, two geology students camped in the peri‐eruptive zone. They were found dead 48 h later on the surface and were not in the immediate vicinity of a fumarole. The autopsy revealed superficial traumatic injuries, which did not explain the death. Internal examination of both victims showed a nonspecific asphyxia syndrome and hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, with no cause of death identified. Microscopic analysis confirmed the autopsy findings without providing new diagnostic elements. Toxicological analysis revealed abnormally high levels of sulfurous gases (H2S and SO2) in the blood and lungs of both victims. The interpretation of all the forensic data allows us to conclude that the death was secondary to volcanic sulfur gas poisoning, despite the atypical context of this event. However, the meteorological conditions of the night of the event may have caused a stagnation of toxic volcanic gases on the ground, with concentrations high enough to cause fatal intoxication in these two persons, although they were not in a confined environment as is usually the case in cases of sulfur poisoning. The dramatic outcome of this event required a rigorous forensic diagnostic approach and reminds us of the need to respect safety conditions in peri‐volcanic areas.
Temporal design for aquatic organismal sampling across the National Ecological Observatory Network
Authors: Parker Stephanie M. , Utz Ryan M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a continental‐scale research platform designed to assess the impacts of climate change, land‐use change and invasive species on ecosystem structure and function at field sites distributed across 20 ecoclimatic domains (or regions) from Alaska to Puerto Rico. Aquatic sites within the NEON network include 24 streams, 7 lakes and 3 rivers among 19 domains. A significant challenge to this effort is defining standardized methodology for sampling at sites with substantially variable geomorphology and hydrology. The aquatic temporal sampling design provides timing windows for seasonal sampling to best assess organismal diversity and abundance.

The need to establish a rule set for temporal sampling was addressed via site‐specific seasonal sampling windows, defined using a suite of environmental variables collected from publicly available meteorological data. Variables integrated into the design include stream flow, growing degree days and riparian phenology. Thresholds for these variables were determined using published literature and used to create three sampling windows for each sample site. Sampling windows target biological community diversity and seasonal changes in abundance, and roughly align with spring, mid‐summer and autumn.

NEON‐generated organismal data from 2014 to 2021 were analysed for inter‐ and intra‐annual variability to quantify community‐scale variability among seasonal sampling windows and years at each site. Algae, macroinvertebrate and zooplankton community structure was significantly different within sites across sampling windows, supporting the sampling design of three separate windows per year. Moreover, 93% of sampling windows were completed from 2014 to 2021. An analysis of macroinvertebrate data at 14 sites shows that seasonal β‐diversity represents an important attribute of the stream community, even if interannual trends among sites may differ.

We conclude that the temporal sampling design for NEON aquatic biological sampling is justified in having three sampling windows per site and is achievable at most NEON aquatic sites. Although sampling windows have been adjusted at a select number of sites, the original sampling windows are used successfully at the majority of NEON aquatic sites. Sampling windows will be updated with NEON continuous sensor data from each site once sufficient (>3 years) data are available.
Tonsillar transcriptional profiles in atopic and non‐atopic subjects
Authors: Hanif Tanzeela , Ivaska Lotta E. , Ahmad Freed , Tan Ge , Mikola Emilia , Puhakka Tuomo , Palomares Oscar , Akdis Cezmi A. , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna , Jartti Tuomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmerging research suggests that local lymphatic tissue such as tonsils have important role in regulating the immune responses. However, allergen sensitization‐induced alterations in transcriptome of tonsils are not known.ObjectivesTo examine the key differences in tonsillar gene expression between atopic and non‐atopic subjects and further by type of sensitization.MethodsRNA‐sequencing was performed on 52 tonsillar samples from atopic and non‐atopic tonsillectomy patients. Sensitization to common food‐ and aero‐allergen was defined by allergen specific IgE. Following groups were studied: (1) aero‐ and food‐allergen sensitized (AS+FS) versus non‐sensitized (NS), (2) aeroallergen‐sensitized (AS) versus food‐allergen sensitized (FS), (3) AS versus NS, (4) FS versus NS. Bioinformatics analysis was done using DESeq2(v3.10.2), WGCNA and GATK pipeline in R software (v3.3.1). Protein–protein interaction network was made from String database.ResultsWe studied 13 aeroallergen‐sensitized, 6 food‐allergen sensitized, 4 both food‐and aero‐allergen‐sensitized and 29 non‐sensitized tonsillectomy patients. Overall, 697 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in all sensitized subgroups including chemokines (CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL11), IL‐20RA, MUC1 and MUC20. When comparing different groups, the gene expression profiles overlapped except the AS versus FS group comparison, suggesting significantly different gene expression between the two sensitization subgroups. Furthermore, aeroallergen‐sensitized subjects had more prominent immune responses compared with non‐sensitized and food‐allergen sensitized subjects including gene expression for IL‐17 pathway and Toll‐like receptor signalling pathway.ConclusionAllergic sensitization is associated with extensive tonsillar transcriptomic alterations and changes in immune related genes and pathways. Distinct differences were found between aero‐allergen and food‐allergen sensitization.
Decrease in paediatric emergency room visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions: A population‐based study
Authors: Wärnhjelm Elina , Lääperi Mitja , Kuitunen Mikael , Helve Otto , Puhakka Laura , Harve‐Rytsälä Heini , Salmi Heli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate paediatric emergency room (ER) visits to evaluate the immediate health effects of COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions on children.MethodsWe retrospectively examined paediatric ER visits in the Helsinki University Hospital (HUH) district during the first wave of the pandemic (1 March to 31 May 2020), and a 2‐month period immediately before and after. These periods were compared to the corresponding time periods in 2015–2019 (‘reference period’).ResultsThe total number of ER visits decreased by 23.4% (mean 6474 during the reference period, 4960 during the pandemic period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.72–0.77;p < 0.001). This was due to a decrease in visits related to infectious diseases; visits due to surgical reasons did not decrease. The amount or proportion of patients triaged to the most urgent class (Emergency Severity Index 1) did not increase. Paediatric ER visits returned to baseline after lifting of restrictions.ConclusionsAlthough paediatric ER visits substantially decreased during the pandemic restrictions, children seen at the ER were not more severely ill. Our results do not indicate immediate detrimental health effects of pandemic control measures on children.
Childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder with educational attainment: A population‐based sibling‐comparison study
Authors: Liu Shengxin , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Serlachius Eva , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Butwicka Agnieszka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the association of childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with educational outcomes from compulsory school to university.MethodsUsing multiple Swedish nationwide registers, we followed up on 1,474,941 individuals born in Sweden from 1981–1995 to December 31, 2013. Associations of T1D and ADHD with achieving educational milestones (from compulsory school to university) and school performances were estimated using logistic and linear regression models and sibling comparison models.ResultsCompared to their peers, children with both T1D and ADHD were less likely to achieve any of the educational attainments, including completing compulsory school (adjusted OR [aOR] [95% CI]: 0.43 [0.26, 0.72]), be eligible to and finishing upper secondary school (0.26 [0.19, 0.36], 0.24 [0.17, 0.35], respectively), and starting university (0.38 [0.17, 0.90]). The odds of achieving these educational milestones were substantially lower in children with ADHD alone (aORs: 0.14–0.44), but were slightly worse or no differences in children with T1D alone (aORs: 0.86–1.08). All associations above remained similar in the sibling comparison models.ConclusionChildren and adolescents with both T1D and ADHD had long‐term educational underachievement, with ADHD being the major contributor. Our findings suggest the importance of assessing ADHD in children with T1D and targeted support for minimising the education gap between the affected children and their peers.
Identifying pre‐Hispanic water storages in agricultural areas of south‐central Andes through diatom evidence
Authors: Grana Lorena , Lanzelotti Sonia , Arévalo Victoria , Tesio Alvaro Yamil , Maidana Nora Irene 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the Andes, there are several pre‐Hispanic irrigation networks with structures destined for water storage. However, it has not been widely discussed in archaeological research. This is probably due to their being difficult to identify. The aim of this study is to explore the use of diatom assemblage analysis as a methodological tool suitable to help in the identification and characterization of these ancient hydraulic structures. We analyzed two archaeological structures interpreted as water reservoirs from north‐western Argentina (EH1 in Antofagasta de la Sierra and U‐88R1 in Yocavil) and compared them to current reservoirs. The diatom species composition and the changes in the dominant ecological groups in the studied structures highlight different periods of hydraulic behavior. EH1 contained and stored water, but there were periods of time in which there was a lack of use or abandonment of the structure. However, the U88‐R1 structure does not have diatom evidence of containing standing water for a prolonged time but presence of wet soils. Thus, the structure could have been used for other water management strategies. The results show that diatom analysis is a methodological tool with a high potential to study ancestral hydrotechnologies.
Exploring pharmacological inhibition of Gq/11 as an analgesic strategy
Authors: Marwari Subhi , Kowalski Cody , Martemyanov Kirill A. 
Published: July 2022

Background and PurposeMisuse of opioids has greatly affected our society. One potential solution is to develop analgesics that act at targets other than opioid receptors. These can be used either as stand‐alone therapeutics or to improve the safety profile of opioid drugs. Previous research showed that activation of Gq/11 proteins by G‐protein coupled receptors has pro‐nociceptive properties, suggesting that blockade of Gq/11 signalling could be beneficial for pain control. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis pharmacologically by using potent and selective Gq/11 inhibitor YM‐254890.Experimental ApproachWe used a series of behavioural assays to evaluate the acute responses of mice to painful thermal stimulation while administering YM‐254890 alone and in combination with morphine. We then used electrophysiological recordings to evaluate the effects of YM‐254890 on the excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptor neurons.Key ResultsWe found that systemic administration of YM‐254890 produced anti‐nociceptive effects and also augmented morphine analgesia in both hotplate and tail flick paradigms. However, it also caused substantial inhibition of locomotion, which may limit its therapeutic utility. To circumvent these issues, we explored the local administration of YM‐254890. Intrathecal injections of YM‐254890 produced lasting analgesia in a tail flick test and greatly augmented the anti‐nociceptive effects of morphine without any significant effects on locomotor behaviour. Electrophysiological studies showed that YM‐254890 reduced the excitability of DRG nociceptors and augmented their opioid‐induced inhibition.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Gq/11 could be explored as an analgesic strategy.
Avian adjustments to cold and non‐shivering thermogenesis: whats, wheres and hows
Authors: Pani Punyadhara , Bal Naresh C. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTAvian cold adaptation is hallmarked by innovative strategies of both heat conservation and thermogenesis. While minimizing heat loss can reduce the thermogenic demands of body temperature maintenance, it cannot eliminate the requirement for thermogenesis. Shivering and non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST) are the two synergistic mechanisms contributing to endothermy. Birds are of particular interest in studies of NST as they lack brown adipose tissue (BAT), the major organ of NST in mammals. Critical analysis of the existing literature on avian strategies of cold adaptation suggests that skeletal muscle is the principal site of NST. Despite recent progress, isolating the mechanisms involved in avian muscle NST has been difficult as shivering and NST co‐exist with its primary locomotory function. Herein, we re‐evaluate various proposed molecular bases of avian skeletal muscle NST. Experimental evidence suggests that sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) are key in avian muscle NST, through their mediation of futile Ca2+ cycling and thermogenesis. More recent studies have shown that SERCA regulation by sarcolipin (SLN) facilitates muscle NST in mammals; however, its role in birds is unclear. Ca2+ signalling in the muscle seems to be common to contraction, shivering and NST, but elucidating its roles will require more precise measurement of local Ca2+ levels inside avian myofibres. The endocrine control of avian muscle NST is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of avian muscle NST will provide insights into the roles of these processes in regulatory thermogenesis, which could further inform our understanding of the evolution of endothermy among vertebrates.
Longitudinal development of hand use in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy from 18 months to 18 years
Authors: Eliasson Ann‐Christin , Nordstrand Linda , Backheden Magnus , Holmefur Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the development of the use of the affected hand in bimanual tasks in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) from 18 months to 18 years. Specifically, whether early development can be confirmed in a larger cohort and how development progresses during adolescence.MethodIn total, 171 participants (95 males, 76 females; mean age 3 years 1 month [SD 3 years 8 months], range 18 months–16 years at inclusion) were classified in Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels I (n = 41), II (n = 91), and III (n = 39). Children were assessed repeatedly (median 7, range 2–16 times) with the Assisting Hand Assessment: in total 1197 assessments. Developmental trajectories were estimated using a nonlinear mixed effects model. To further analyse the adolescent period, a linear mixed model was applied.ResultsThe developmental trajectories were different between participants in MACS levels (MACS I–II, II–III) in both rate (0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.006–0.031, p = 0.034; 0.025, 95% CI 0.015–0.037, p < 0.001) and limit (19.9, 95% CI 16.6–23.3, p = 0.001; 7.2, 95% CI 3.3–11.2, p < 0.003). The individual variations were large within each level. The developmental trajectories were stable over time for all MACS levels between 7 and 18 years (p > 0.05).InterpretationChildren and adolescents with unilateral CP have considerable development at an early age and a stable ability to use their affected hand in bimanual activities from 7 to 18 years in all MACS levels.
Diagnosis and arthroscopic removal of an intra‐articular epidermoid cyst in the distal interphalangeal joint of a 15‐year‐old horse
Authors: Hibner‐Szaltys Maria , Hann Michelle Jackie , Woods Simon Charles Creswicke , Rocchigiani Guido , Stack John David 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis case report describes the diagnosis and arthroscopic removal of a ruptured epidermoid cyst in a distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of a horse. The cyst was the cause of chronic moderate lameness and following removal the horse returned to athletic performance. However, 12 months postoperatively the horse was retired due to the recurrence of lameness. Epidermoid cysts have been diagnosed elsewhere in the equine digit but have not been reported intra‐articularly to the best of our knowledge.
Biological sensitivities to high‐resolution climate change projections in the California current marine ecosystem
Authors: Sunday Jennifer M. , Howard Evan , Siedlecki Samantha , Pilcher Darren J. , Deutsch Curtis , MacCready Parker , Newton Jan , Klinger Terrie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe California Current Marine Ecosystem is a highly productive system that exhibits strong natural variability and vulnerability to anthropogenic climate trends. Relating projections of ocean change to biological sensitivities requires detailed synthesis of experimental results. Here, we combine measured biological sensitivities with high‐resolution climate projections of key variables (temperature, oxygen, and pCO2) to identify the direction, magnitude, and spatial distribution of organism‐scale vulnerabilities to multiple axes of projected ocean change. Among 12 selected species of cultural and economic importance, we find that all are sensitive to projected changes in ocean conditions through responses that affect individual performance or population processes. Response indices were largest in the northern region and inner shelf. While performance traits generally increased with projected changes, fitness traits generally decreased, indicating that concurrent stresses can lead to fitness loss. For two species, combining sensitivities to temperature and oxygen changes through the Metabolic Index shows how aerobic habitat availability could be compressed under future conditions. Our results suggest substantial and specific ecological susceptibility in the next 80 years, including potential regional loss of canopy‐forming kelp, changes in nearshore food webs caused by declining rates of survival among red urchins, Dungeness crab, and razor clams, and loss of aerobic habitat for anchovy and pink shrimp. We also highlight fillable gaps in knowledge, including specific physiological responses to stressors, variation in responses across life stages, and responses to multistressor combinations. These findings strengthen the case for filling information gaps with experiments focused on fitness‐related responses and those that can be used to parameterize integrative physiological models, and suggest that the CCME is susceptible to substantial changes to ecosystem structure and function within this century.
Molecular feature of neutrophils in immune microenvironment of muscle atrophy
Authors: You Zongqi , Huang Xinying , Xiang Yaoxian , Dai Junxi , Jiang Junjian , Xu Jianguang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHomeostasis in skeletal muscle is sustained by the balance of functional and physical interactions between muscle and myofibre microenvironment. Various factors, such as ageing, disuse and denervation, tip the balance and induce skeletal muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle atrophy, which involves complex physiological and biochemical changes, is accompanied by adverse outcomes and even increased mortality. Multiple studies have investigated the role of neutrophils in atrophied skeletal muscles; however, neutrophil intrusion in muscle is still a polemical knot. As technical obstacles have been overcome, people have gradually discovered new functions of neutrophils. The classical view of neutrophils is no longer applicable to their biological characteristics. To date, no clear association between the hidden injurious effect of neutrophil intrusion and muscle atrophy has been convincingly proven. Throughout this review, we have discussed the neutrophil activities that mediate muscle atrophy for distinct disease occurrences. Hopefully, this review will help both clinicians and researchers of skeletal muscle atrophy with relevant targets to further explore efficient medical interventions and treatments.
Nutrition impact symptoms and the risk of malnutrition in people with Parkinson's disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Helliesen Julie Sørbø , Kristiansen Ida , Brekke Hilde Kristin , Støkket Ragnhild Stenshjemmet , Bye Asta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience symptoms that affect their ability to eat. This may contribute to weight loss and increased risk of malnutrition. The present study aimed to quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in the population and a scoring system of NIS was incorporated in the tool used to identify malnutrition.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, members of the Norwegian Parkinson's Association, with any PD diagnosis and stage of illness, were invited to respond to an online 24‐item questionnaire. Questions from two validated questionnaires, comprising the abridged Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG‐SGA) and the Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's disease (ROMP), were adapted to an online format.ResultsThe questionnaire was sent to 3047 members, of which 508 persons (17%) responded (61% men). In total, 59% were categorised as well‐nourished, 34% at risk of malnutrition and 6.5% as malnourished. One quarter of all participants reported symptoms that affected food intake. The most frequent symptoms were constipation (14.2%) and dry mouth (13.4%). Malnourished participants reported a mean ± SD of 3.4 ± 1.4 symptoms versus 0.1 ± 0.3 per well‐nourished participant. Malnourished participants had more swallowing problems than well‐nourished participants, with a mean ± SD total ROMP score of 15.5 ± 6.0 versus 9.0 ± 2.9 (p < 0.001). As the number of points in the ROMP score increased by one, the points in the aPG‐SGA score increased with 37% (95% confidence interval = 0.309–0.428).ConclusionsRisk of malnutrition was largely related to NIS, especially dysphagia in people with PD. Symptoms affecting food intake should be systematically mapped and treated in conjunction with PD to prevent malnutrition.