bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ocean data assimilation on climate predictions with ICON-ESM
Authors: Pohlmann Holger , Brune Sebastian , Fröhlich Kristina , Jungclaus Johann H. , Sgoff Christine , Baehr Johanna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe develop a data assimilation scheme with the Icosahedral Non-hydrostatic Earth System Model (ICON-ESM) for operational decadal and seasonal climate predictions at the German weather service. For this purpose, we implement an Ensemble Kalman Filter to the ocean component as a first step towards a weakly coupled data assimilation. We performed an assimilation experiment over the period 1960–2014. This ocean-only assimilation experiment serves to initialize 10-year long retrospective predictions (hindcasts) started each year on 1 November. On multi-annual time scales, we find predictability of sea surface temperature and salinity as well as oceanic heat and salt contents especially in the North Atlantic. The mean Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is realistic and the variability is stable during the assimilation. On seasonal time scales, we find high predictive skill in the tropics with highest values in variables related to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. In the Arctic, the hindcasts correctly represent the decreasing sea ice trend in winter and, to a lesser degree, also in summer, although sea ice concentration is generally much too low in both hemispheres in summer. However, compared to other prediction systems, prediction skill is relatively low in regions apart from the tropical Pacific due to the missing atmospheric assimilation. Further improvements of the simulated mean state of ICON-ESM, e.g. through fine-tuning of the sea ice and the oceanic circulation in the Southern Ocean, are expected to improve the predictive skill. In general, we demonstrate that our data assimilation method is successfully initializing the oceanic component of the climate system.
Diuretic dose trajectories in dilated cardiomyopathy: prognostic implications
Authors: Nuzzi Vincenzo , Cannatà Antonio , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Manca Paolo , Stolfo Davide , Gregorio Caterina , Barbati Giulia , Bromage Daniel I. , McDonagh Theresa , Cleland John G. F. , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
For patients with heart failure, prescription of loop diuretics (LD) and of higher doses are associated with an adverse prognosis. We investigated LD dose trajectories and their associations with outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods
Associations between outcomes and both furosemide-equivalent dose (FED) at enrolment and change in FED in the subsequent 24 months were evaluated. According to FED trajectory, patients were classified as (i) dose↑ (FED increase by ≥ 50% or newly initiated); (ii) dose↓ (FED decrease by ≥ 50%); (iii) stable dose (change in FED by < 50%); and (iv) never-users. The primary outcome was all-cause-death/heart transplantation/ventricular-assist-device/heart failure hospitalization. The secondary outcome was all-cause-death/heart transplantation/ventricular-assist-device.

Results
Of 1,131 patients enrolled, 738 (65%) were prescribed LD at baseline. Baseline FED was independently associated with outcome (HR per 20 mg increase: 1.12 [95% CI 1.04–1.22], p = 0.003).
Of the 908 with information on FED within 24 months from enrolment, 31% were never-users; 29% were dose↓; 26% were stable dose and 14% were dose↑. In adjusted models, compared to never-users, stable dose had a higher risk of the primary outcome (HR 2.42 [95% CI 1.19–4.93], p = 0.015), while dose↑ had the worst prognosis (HR 2.76 [95% CI 1.27–6.03], p = 0.011). Results were similar for the secondary outcome. Compared to patients who remained on LD, discontinuation of LD (143, 24%) was associated with an improved outcome (HR 0.43 [95% CI 0.28–0.65], p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In patients with DCM, LD use and increasing FED are powerful markers of adverse outcomes. Patients who never receive LD have an excellent prognosis.

Graphical abstract
Halogens in serpentinised-troctolites from the Atlantis Massif: implications for alteration and global volatile cycling
Authors: Kendrick Mark A. , Marks Michael A. W. , Godard Marguerite 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe concentrations of halogens in serpentinised olivine-rich lithologies in the lower oceanic crust (e.g. troctolites and wehrlites) and altered-gabbros, recovered from IODP Hole U1309D on the Atlantis Massif of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, are contrasted. The aims were to evaluate if serpentinisation of lower crustal lithologies could significantly contribute to the volatile budget of oceanic lithosphere and test if serpentinites formed from seawater preserve seawater-like halogen signatures. The olivine-rich lithologies are variably serpentinised by lizardite with minor chrysotile. The maximum concentrations of halogens in the most strongly serpentinised samples are 70 µg/g F, 2,100 µg/g Cl, 9,800 ng/g Br and 8 ng/g I. In comparison, the maxima in interlayered gabbros are 200 µg/g F, 130 µg/g Cl, 400 ng/g Br and 9 ng/g I. The Br/Cl ratios of the altered gabbros are strongly influenced by the presence of amphibole, which preferentially incorporates the smaller halides. The serpentinised lithologies have low F/Cl ratios, due to their strong enrichment in seawater-derived Cl, and they have Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios intermediate of unaltered oceanic crust and seawater-derived fluids. Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios similar to seawater are best preserved in the most Cl-rich samples consistent with these ratios fingerprinting the fluid responsible for serpentinisation. Serpentinites formed from seawater in the lower ocean crust and lithosphere are likely to have low I/Cl ratios. Serpentinsed lithologies in the lower crust (and mantle lithosphere) could, therefore, significantly contribute to halogen subduction helping to explain the range of I/Cl ratios in arc lavas and a proposed decrease of mantle I/Cl over time.
Human papillomavirus is an important risk factor for esophageal carcinoma in a Chinese population
Authors: Yuan Wenjun , Li Shuying , Jia Jun , Wang Li , Huang Yuchao , Wang Minglian , Xie Fei , Li Jintao , Hao Yanzhe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Different types of HPV have been associated with cancer in humans, but the role of HPV in esophageal cancer (EC) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HPV infection and EC in the Chinese population and to provide the scientific basis for the future prevention, control, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies of EC in China.

Methods
PCR detected HPV infection in 1112 esophageal cancer tissue samples, and 89 HPV-positive samples were detected by genotyping. Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of HPV E6 and E7 proteins. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the integration of HPV16 E6. The level of HPV-specific antibody IgG in serum was detected by ELISA and PLA.

Results
The positive rates of HPV L1, HPV16, HPV18, hpv16 + 18 E6 and hpv16/18 E6 in 1,112 EC tissue samples were 77.6%, 41.4%, 27.2%, 14.2% and 55.4% respectively. Multiple HPV subtypes were detected in HPV-positive EC samples. PLA showed that E6 and E7 were expressed in EC109 and formed complexes with p53 and pRb, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of hpv16 + 18 E6 and E7 in HPV-positive EC samples were 56.4% and 37.0%, respectively. HPV-DNA integration rate in HPV-positive EC tissues (88.79%) was higher than that in adjacent tissues (54.17%). HPV antibody was found in the serum of EC patients by a serological test.

Conclusion
The study suggests that HPV, especially HPV16 and HPV18, the infection may be a risk factor for EC in the Chinese population and that the E6 protein may play a key role in HPV-associated malignancies. These results may be important for the prevention and treatment of HPV-positive EC in China.
Suppression of overshoots and undershoots in nonlinear structural and mechanical systems
Authors: Lenci Stefano , Udwadia Firdaus E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, we consider the problem of having a transit in a nonlinear SDOF system from a given rest position to another one, both associated to given and constant values of the external force, without spurious undershoots or overshoots of the solution after the final state is reached. It extends to the nonlinear regime the same problem considered in Udwadia (Acta Mech 231:3157–3182, 2020) in the linear realm. Two different approaches are considered. In the first, which is the more general, the free dynamics of the nonlinear system is not considered, and a very simple solution is obtained, showing how it is robust with respect to perturbations. In the second case, on the other hand, the free dynamics of the system is exploited during the transits, thereby allowing less control parameters to be determined. However, aiming at having a closed form solution, we limit this study to the Duffing equation, although the ideas are general and can be applied to other systems even when closed form solutions are not available.
Bioluminescence potential during polar night: impact of behavioral light sensitivity and water mass pathways
Authors: Shulman Igor , Cohen Jonathan H. , Moline Mark A. , Anderson Stephanie , Metzger E. Joseph , Penta Bradley 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDuring polar nights of 2012 and 2017, bioluminescence (BL) potential surveys demonstrated high emissions at depths around and below 100 m at offshore stations to the north of a Svalbard fjord (Rijpfjorden). We demonstrated that the highest bioluminescent emissions for offshore stations are located at depths below depths of modelled/ambient light intensities corresponding to the reported irradiance thresholds for the behavioral light sensitivity of krill and copepods, and suggest that behavioral light sensitivity is one of the reasons for high values of BL potential observed below 100 m at offshore stations. In order to understand sources of bioluminescent taxa responsible for the observed high values of BL potential in offshore waters, we have investigated the origin and pathways of water masses circulating to the north, offshore of the fjord Rijpfjorden by using a hydrodynamic model. For both 2012 and 2017, the model water masses mostly originate from the west, where the Atlantic water is flowing northward, then along the shelf and shelf slope of northern Svalbard, and to the offshore of the fjord. This indicates that the advection of zooplankton by North Atlantic Water is one possible source of bioluminescent organisms offshore of northern Svalbard. In 2012, water masses also originated from the inflow through Hinlopen trench and strait, while, in 2017, the offshore water was advected and upwelled into the fjord on time scales less than 10 days, and after that there was a recirculation back from the fjord to offshore on time scales larger than 10 days. This recirculation from the fjord might be another source of bioluminescent organisms in the offshore waters.
Ausgleichszahlungen für Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Wasserschutzgebieten und das unionsrechtliche Beihilfeverbot
Authors: Reinhardt Michael 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie seit ihrer Einführung umstrittene Ausgleichsregelung für erhöhte Anforderungen
an eine ordnungsgemäße Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Wasserschutzgebieten droht durch ihren bewussten
und gewollten Eingriff in den Wettbewerb zwangsläufig mit dem unionsrechtlichen Verbot staatlicher
Beihilfen in Konflikt zu geraten. Der Beitrag untersucht die europarechtlichen Schranken der nach nationalem
Verfassungsrecht nicht gebotenen Kompensationsansprüche und vertritt eine differenzierende Sichtweise,
die sich an der Eigenart der einzelnen Schutzanordnungen und deren Auswirkungen auf den Handel zwischen
den Mitgliedstaaten orientiert.
Methylotrophic bacteria with cobalamin-dependent mutases in primary metabolism as potential strains for vitamin B12 production
Authors: Dudko Darya , Holtmann Dirk , Buchhaupt Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeveral bacterial species are known for their ability to synthesize vitamin B12 but biotechnological vitamin B12 production today is restricted to Pseudomonas denitrificans and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Nevertheless, the rising popularity of veganism leads to a growing demand for vitamin B12 and thereby interest in alternative strains which can be used as efficient vitamin B12 sources. In this work, we demonstrate that methylotrophic microorganisms which utilize the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway containing B12-dependent enzymes are capable of active vitamin B12 production. Several bacteria with an essential function of the pathway were tested for vitamin B12 synthesis. Among the identified strains, Hyphomicrobium sp. DSM3646 demonstrated the highest vitamin B12 levels reaching up to 17.9 ± 5.05 µg per g dry cell weight. These relatively high vitamin B12 concentrations achieved in simple cultivation experiments were performed in a mineral methanol medium, which makes Hyphomicrobium sp. DSM3646 a new promising cobalamin-producing strain.
Hierarchical message-passing graph neural networks
Authors: Zhong Zhiqiang , Li Cheng-Te , Pang Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGraph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a prominent approach to machine learning with graphs and have been increasingly applied in a multitude of domains. Nevertheless, since most existing GNN models are based on flat message-passing mechanisms, two limitations need to be tackled: (i) they are costly in encoding long-range information spanning the graph structure; (ii) they are failing to encode features in the high-order neighbourhood in the graphs as they only perform information aggregation across the observed edges in the original graph. To deal with these two issues, we propose a novel Hierarchical Message-passing Graph Neural Networks framework. The key idea is generating a hierarchical structure that re-organises all nodes in a flat graph into multi-level super graphs, along with innovative intra- and inter-level propagation manners. The derived hierarchy creates shortcuts connecting far-away nodes so that informative long-range interactions can be efficiently accessed via message passing and incorporates meso- and macro-level semantics into the learned node representations. We present the first model to implement this framework, termed Hierarchical Community-aware Graph Neural Network (HC-GNN), with the assistance of a hierarchical community detection algorithm. The theoretical analysis illustrates HC-GNN’s remarkable capacity in capturing long-range information without introducing heavy additional computation complexity. Empirical experiments conducted on 9 datasets under transductive, inductive, and few-shot settings exhibit that HC-GNN can outperform state-of-the-art GNN models in network analysis tasks, including node classification, link prediction, and community detection. Moreover, the model analysis further demonstrates HC-GNN’s robustness facing graph sparsity and the flexibility in incorporating different GNN encoders.
Space and scale in higher education: the glonacal agency heuristic revisited
Authors: Marginson Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe 2002 ‘glonacal’ paper described higher education as a multi-scalar sector where individual and institutional agents have open possibilities and causation flows from any of the interacting local, national and global scales. None have permanent primacy: global activity is growing; the nation-state is crucial in policy, regulation and funding; and like the other scales, the local scale in higher education and knowledge is continually being remade and newly invented. The glonacal paper has been widely used in higher education studies, though single-scale nation-bound methods still have a strong hold. Drawing on insights from human geography and selected empirical studies, the present paper builds on the glonacal paper in a larger theorization of space and scale. It describes how material elements, imagination and social practices interact in making space, which is the sphere of social relations; it discusses multiplicity in higher education space and sameness/different tensions; and it takes further the investigation of one kind of constructed space in higher education, its heterogenous scales (national, local, regional, global etc.). The paper reviews the intersections between scales, especially between national and global, the ever-changing ordering of scales, and how agents in higher education mix and match scales. It also critiques ideas of fixed scalar primacy such as methodological nationalism and methodological globalism—influential in studies of higher education but radically limiting of what can be imagined and practised. Ideas matter. The single-scale visions and scale-driven universals must be cleared away to bring a fuller geography of higher education to life.
Critical Transitions in Piecewise Uniformly Continuous Concave Quadratic Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Longo Iacopo P. , Núñez Carmen , Obaya Rafael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA critical transition for a system modelled by a concave quadratic scalar ordinary differential equation occurs when a small variation of the coefficients changes dramatically the dynamics, from the existence of an attractor–repeller pair of hyperbolic solutions to the lack of bounded solutions. In this paper, a tool to analyze this phenomenon for asymptotically nonautonomous ODEs with bounded uniformly continuous or bounded piecewise uniformly continuous coefficients is described, and used to determine the occurrence of critical transitions for certain parametric equations. Some numerical experiments contribute to clarify the applicability of this tool.
Atomic-Oxygen Number Densities in Ar-O2 DBDs and Post-discharges with Small Initial O2 Fractions: Plug-Flow Model and Experiments
Authors: Klages Claus-Peter , Bröcker Lars , Betz Meret Leonie , Raev Vitaly 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumber densities of oxygen atoms, nO, in Ar-O2 mixtures with small initial O2 fractions, $${x}_{{O}_{2}}$$

x

O
2

< 1%, flowing through a dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD), are calculated using a plug-flow reactor model, presuming that dissociation and excitation of oxygen species are solely driven by energy-transfer from long-lived excited Ar species, collectively denoted as Ar*. The rate by which Ar* species are generated is calculated from the volume density of power dissipated in the DBD. To obtain extended post-discharge (PD) regions with large nO, experiments were performed with $${x}_{{O}_{2}}$$

x

O
2

= 100 ppm. For such low O2 fractions, the time-dependence of nO in the DBD and the early PD can be calculated by a closed equation. Calculations are compared with optical emission spectroscopic (OES) results, utilizing the proportionality of O-atom emission intensity at 777.4 nm to nO. O-atom densities in the PD are made accessible to OES using a tandem setup with a second DBD as sensing discharge. Model testing by experiment is based on the functional dependence of nO on DBD-residence time and PD-delay time, respectively. Wall losses of O atoms in asymmetrical DBD reactors are calculated by an alternative to Chantry’s equation. The agreement between O-atom densities attained at the DBD exit and experimental results is generally good while the speed of rise of nO in the discharge is overestimated, due to the assumption of a constant wall-loss frequency, kW. Compared with literature data, kW is orders of magnitude higher in the DBD and at least one order of magnitude lower in the PD.
Costs and Effects of School-Based Licensed Practical Nurses on Elementary Student Attendance and Chronic Absenteeism
Authors: Leach Stephen M. , Hollands Fiona M. , Stone Eva , Shand Robert , Head Laura , Wang Yixin , Yan Bo , Dossett Dena , Chang Florence , Ginsberg Yuan Chang , Pan Yilin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite increasing reliance on licensed practical nurses (LPNs) to provide health services in schools, we do not know whether this is a cost-effective prevention strategy against student absenteeism. Therefore, we evaluated the costs and effectiveness of an LPN-based school nursing program for improving attendance and chronic absenteeism at a large, urban school district in the southeastern USA. We first identified a matched set of 46 elementary schools (23 nurse, 23 no-nurse) by using an optimal multilevel matching algorithm based on student- and school-level characteristics. We then conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis on the matched set, using the ingredients method to estimate societal costs and multilevel regression to estimate effects. The results indicated that despite substantial incremental costs of $68,228 per school, the presence of a full-time LPN was associated with at best negligible improvements, and at worst slight disimprovements, in attendance and chronic absenteeism. We recommend a careful review of the theory of change for LPN-based school nursing programs to clarify the specific inputs and activities that are expected to lead to improved student outcomes. Education agencies should develop explicit assignment, training, monitoring, and auditing plans to ensure LPNs are equitably distributed and that their activities are aligned with the theory of change. Education agencies should also explore whether expanded Medicaid billing can reduce their share of the nursing cost burden.
Patent Licensing and Capacity in a Cournot Model
Authors: Colombo Stefano , Filippini Luigi , Sen Debapriya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of patent licensing in a Cournot duopoly in which the innovator (patentee) is one of the firms and it is capacity constrained. We show that when the patentee can produce a relatively small (relatively large) quantity, it prefers licensing by means of a fixed fee (unit royalty). When the patentee can set two-part tariffs in the form of combinations of fixed fees and unit royalties, it charges a positive fixed fee if and only if it is limited to producing a relatively small quantity. We also show that with combinations of fixed fees and royalties, the royalty rate is lower than is true for the standard case.