bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on intimate partner violence: Issues of non-reporting in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmood Nabila , Kamruzzaman Mohammed , Rahman Aminur , Reidpath Daniel D , Akhter Sadika 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown as prevention and control measure, forced people globally to limit their movements and to stay at home for extended period of time. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of lockdown on intimate partner violence in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a secondary research by employing a Poisson regression model to estimate the effect of pandemic-led lockdown policy on the change in the number of intimate partner violence-related calls during pandemic using national emergency helpline 999 call logs. Data from January 2019 to May 2020 for 64 districts produced 1088 district-month-year observations which had been used for the main analysis. Results: We found a 46% decrease in the incidence rate of intimate partner violence-related calls during the pandemic after adjusting for year, month, district fixed-effects—suggesting, non-reporting of the violence might have exacerbated during lockdown. Conclusion: While increasing rate of intimate partner violence is one side of issue, non-reporting of it has received less attention and during the lockdown non-reporting might grow large and have severe health impacts for women.
Single-dose premedication enhances multimodal analgesia after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kardash Kenneth , Harvey Eric , Payne Stacey , Yang Stephen Su 
Published: March 2022

Background With the current trend to reduce postoperative opioid use to enhance recovery and address perioperative opioid addiction concerns, the challenge of managing pain after total knee arthroplasty has increased. This study examined the effect of adding a preoperative medication regime to a multimodal postoperative analgesia protocol that included regional anaesthesia. Materials and methods Sixty patients undergoing elective first-time unilateral knee arthroplasty received celecoxib 100mg, gabapentin 600mg and dexamethasone 10mg po one hour before skin incision. They were compared to a sequential retrospective cohort of 49 patients. All patients routinely received acetaminophen 650mg po q6h, ibuprofen 400mg po q8h, patient-controlled opioid analgesia and continuous adductor canal blocks postoperatively. Pain scores and opioid consumption were recorded at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h. Results Pain scores and cumulative opioid use were statistically and clinically significantly reduced at all time points up to 48h. Conclusions Combining preoperative oral celecoxib, gabapentin and dexamethasone had a clinically significantly effect in reducing pain scores and opioid use for at least 48h. Most of this effect is probably due to dexamethasone.
Community based Primary Care for Adolescents and Young Adults Transitioning From Pediatric Specialty Care: Results from a Scoping Review
Authors: Schraeder Kyleigh , Allemang Brooke , Felske Ashley N. , Scott Cathie M. , McBrien Kerry A. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Samuel Susan 
Published: March 2022

Background: Ongoing primary care during adolescence is recommended by best practice guidelines for adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 12-25) with chronic conditions. A synthesis of the evidence on the roles of Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) and benefits of primary care is needed to support existing guidelines. Methods: We used Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, and searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL) for studies that (i) were published in English between 2004 and 2019, (ii) focused on AYAs with a chronic condition(s) who had received specialist pediatric services, and (iii) included relevant findings about PCPs. An extraction tool was developed to organize data items across studies (eg, study design, participant demographics, outcomes). Results: Findings from 58 studies were synthesized; 29 (50%) studies focused exclusively on AYAs with chronic health conditions (eg, diabetes, cancer), while 19 (33%) focused exclusively on AYAs with mental health conditions. Roles of PCPs included managing medications, “non-complex” mental health conditions, referrals, and care coordination, etc. Frequency of PCP involvement varied by AYAs; however, female, non-Black, and older AYAs, and those with severe/complex conditions appeared more likely to visit a PCP. Positive outcomes were reported for shared-care models targeting various conditions (eg, cancer, concussion, mental health). Conclusion: Our findings drew attention to the importance of effective collaboration among multi-disciplinary specialists, PCPs, and AYAs for overcoming multiple barriers to optimal transitional care. Highlighting the need for further study of the implementation of shared care models to design strategies for care delivery during transitions to adult care.
Understanding the Patient PPI Journey: Results of a Survey on PPI Treatment Initiation and Patient Experience
Authors: Plehhova Kate , Paquette Natalie , Gould James , Coyle Cathal 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used in the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GORD) are among the most frequently prescribed classes of drug worldwide. Currently, however, physicians are prescribing PPIs for extended periods, often without an indication, which is not in line with current guidance and therefore preventing appropriate reflux management. Inappropriate or excessive PPI prescribing is becoming increasingly visible, yet there is currently little research available on the impact such current practice has on the patient experience. This study aims to understand patient attitudes toward their PPI treatment and the impact current PPI prescribing patterns have on the patient experience. Methods: An online survey of current and previous users of PPI for GORD was conducted in the UK and Germany. Topics covered included prior steps taken before first consultation with a physician, initial recommendations, PPI treatment initiation and duration, use of PPI, management of reflux whilst taking a PPI, stopping PPI treatment, and patient attitudes. Results: Among 566 patient participants (UK, n = 372; Germany, n = 194) 69% to 79% reported being prescribed medication at their first visit to a physician, of which 61% to 68% were prescribed a PPI either alone or combined with another treatment. 41% to 48% of patients answered “don’t know” when asked how long they expected to continue taking their PPI. 49% to 50% of patients currently on PPIs also reported having concerns with regards to long-term treatment. 70% of patients recalled being well informed on dosage and treatment regimens. However, other safety and usage information was reported as being less frequently discussed. Conclusions: Although patients reported concerns regarding ongoing long-term PPI treatment, this was not reflected in the prescribing pattern from physicians. More can be done to ensure patients are fully informed about their PPI treatment at consultation. Findings also suggest a disconnect exists between standard treatment guidelines and prescribing patterns, as experienced by patients.
Foraminal Restenosis After Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for the Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Hyeong-Joo , Cho Jae Hwan , Hwang Chang Ju , Yang Jae Jun , Lee Choon Sung , Park Sehan 
Published: March 2022

Study design Retrospective cohort study. Objectives To elucidate incidence, risk factor, and clinical effect of bone regrowth after posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF). Methods Ninety-eight patients who underwent PCF for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and were followed up for >2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Foraminal dimension, sagittal gap at resected area, facet thickness, lamina length, and cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured. Neck pain visual analogue scale (VAS), arm pain VAS, and neck disability index (NDI) were recorded. Radiographic measures were compared between segments with foraminal narrowing of ≥20% at the 2-years follow-up (restenosis segments) and foraminal narrowing of <20% (patent segments). Results Sixty-nine patients with 109 segments were included. 73.4% (80/109) of foramens demonstrated foraminal narrowing and decrease of foraminal dimension of ≥20% occurred in 30.3% (30/109). Foraminal dimension at postoperative 2-days was significantly higher in the restenosis segments ( P = .047). Furthermore, increase of foraminal dimension was significantly associated with foraminal restenosis of ≥20% ( P = .018). Facet thickness was significantly higher in the restenosis segments compared to patent segments at postoperative 2-years follow-up ( P = .038). Neck pain VAS was significantly aggravated only in the restenosis group at postoperative 2-years follow-up ( P < .001). Conclusions Foraminal narrowing commonly occurs after PCF due to bone healing. Bone growth occurs in all directions while medial facet growth contributes more to foraminal restenosis. Greater widening of foramen during PCF is a risk factor for postoperative foramen restenosis. Therefore, amount of bone resection should be kept optimal and excessive resection should be avoided to prevent foramen restenosis.
The Impact of Preoperative Symptom Duration on Patient Outcomes After Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Levy Hannah A. , Karamian Brian A. , Adams Alexander J. , Mao Jennifer Z. , Canseco Jose A. , Mandel Jenna , Gebeyehu Teleale F. , Harlamova Daria , Bhatt Shivangi D. , Heinle Jeremy , Kaye I. David , Woods Barrett I. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: March 2022

Study Design Retrospective Cohort Study Objectives To determine if decreased preoperative symptom duration is associated with greater clinical improvement in function and myelopathic symptoms after posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF). Methods All patients over age 18 who underwent primary PCDF for cervical myelopathy or myeloradiculopathy at a single institution between 2014 and 2020 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, duration of symptoms, and preoperative and postoperative patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs) including modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Neck, VAS Arm, and SF-12 were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare change in PROMs and minimum clinically important difference achievement (%MCID) between symptom duration groups (< 6 months, 6 months–2 years, > 2 years). Results Preoperative symptom duration groups differed significantly by sex and smoking status. Patients with < 6 months of preoperative symptoms improved significantly in all PROMs. Patients with 6 months–2 years of preoperative symptoms did not improve significantly in mJOA, Physical Component Scores (PCS), or NDI. Patients with > 2 years of symptoms failed to demonstrate significant improvement in mJOA, NDI, or Mental Component Scores (MCS). Univariate analysis demonstrated significantly decreased improvement in mJOA with longer symptom durations. Increased preoperative symptom duration trended toward decreased %MCID for mJOA and MCS. Regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative symptom duration of > 2 years relative to < 6 months predicted decreased improvement in mJOA and NDI and decreased MCID achievement for mJOA and MCS. Conclusion Increased duration of preoperative symptoms (> 2 years) before undergoing PCDF was associated with decreased postoperative improvement in myelopathic symptoms.
Handle With Care: The Anterior Hip Capsule Plays a Key Role in Daily Hip Performance
Authors: Duquesne Kate , Pattyn Christophe , Vanderstraeten Barbara , Audenaert Emmanuel A. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Passive energy storage and return has long been recognized as one of the central mechanisms for minimizing the energy cost needed for terrestrial locomotion. Although the iliofemoral ligament (IFL) is the strongest ligament in the body, its potential role in energy-efficient walking remains unexplored. Purpose: To identify the contribution of the IFL to the amount of work performed by the hip muscles for normal, straight-level walking. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Straight-level walking of 50 healthy and injury-free adults was simulated using the AnyBody Modeling System. For each participant, the bone morphology and soft tissue properties were nonuniformly scaled. The superior and inferior parts of the IFL were represented by 2 springs each, and a linear force-strain relation was defined. A parameter study was conducted to account for the uncertainty surrounding the mechanical properties of the IFL. The work required from the gluteus, quadriceps, iliopsoas, and sartorius with and without inclusion of the IFL was calculated. Analysis of variance with subsequent post hoc paired t test was used to test the significance of IFL presence on the required mechanical work. Results: During walking, the strain in the IFL reached a median of 18.7% (95% CI, 8.0%-26.5%), with the largest values obtained at toe-off. With the IFL undamaged and fully operational, the effort required by the hip flexor muscles was reduced by a median of 54% (99% CI, 45%-62%) for the iliopsoas and by a median of 41% (99% CI, 27%-54%) for the sartorius muscles. The inclusion of the IFL did not significantly alter the work required by the gluteus and the quadriceps. Conclusion: The findings emphasized the key role the IFL plays in hip flexion by working synergistically with the hip musculature. Clinical Relevance: The importance of the contribution of the IFL to the hip flexors warrants careful handling and repair of these ligaments in cases of surgery and structural damage.
Consequences of Progressive Full-Thickness Focal Chondral Defects Involving the Medial and Lateral Femoral Condyles After Meniscectomy: A Biomechanical Study Using a Goat Model
Authors: Koh Jason L. , Jacob Kevin C. , Kulkarni Rohan , Vasilion Zachary , Amirouche Farid M.L. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Full-thickness chondral defects alter tibiofemoral joint homeostasis and, if left untreated, have the potential to progress to osteoarthritis. Purpose: To assess the effects of isolated and dual full-thickness chondral defect size and location on the biomechanical properties of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and medial femoral condyle (MFC) during dynamic knee flexion in goat knees without menisci. Methods: In 12 goat knees, we created progressively increasing full-thickness circular chondral defects (3-, 5-, and 7.5-mm diameter) in the weightbearing contact area of flexion and extension in the MFC, the LFC, or both. Each knee was fixed into a custom steel frame and attached to a motor with sensors inserted intra-articularly. For each testing condition, the knee was loaded to 100 N and underwent a dynamic range of motion between 90° of flexion and 30° of extension. The following parameters were collected: contact area, contact pressure, contact force, peak area, and peak pressure. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Results: The peak pressure at the defect rim of the MFC at full extension increased by 51.51% from no defect (1.887 MPa) to a 7.5-mm defect (2.859 MPa) ( P < .001), and the peak pressure at the defect rim of the LFC at full extension increased by 139.14% from no defect (1.704 MPa) to a 7.5-mm defect (4.075 MPa) ( P < .001). The peak pressures for LFC defects at all 3 diameters were significantly greater when compared with dual defects consisting of increasing LFC defect diameter and constant MFC defect diameter ( P < .001 for all). Conclusion: Extremely large increases in peak pressure were seen at the rim of articular cartilage defects when evaluated under dynamic loading conditions. Isolated LFC defects experienced a greater increase in defect rim stress concentrations when compared with isolated MFC defects for equivalent increases in defect size. Defect size played a significant role independent of location for peak pressures on the MFC and LFC. Clinical Relevance: Significant rim-loading effects increase with defect size under dynamic loading and may result in increasingly rapid progression of articular cartilage lesions. Within the context of this goat model, findings suggest that lateral compartment chondral lesions are more likely to progress than medial compartment lesions of equivalent size.
Diagnostic Performance of MRI Versus CT in the Evaluation of Intra-articular Osteochondral Fracture in Pediatric Patients With Acute Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Wu Zhen-Kai , Dai Zhen-Zhen , Sha Lin , Li Hao , Li Tai-Chun , Zhang Zi-Ming , Li Hai 
Published: March 2022

Background: Evaluation of intra-articular osteochondral fractures in children with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is important for determining treatment options. Purpose: To (1) compare the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating intra-articular osteochondral fractures; (2) compare the interpretation of CT and MRI images between radiologists and pediatric orthopaedic surgeons (POS); and (3) investigate any clinical factors influencing the accuracy of CT and MRI evaluations. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: We reviewed 35 knees in 35 patients (mean age, 12.2 ± 1.2 years; 12 boys and 23 girls) who were treated arthroscopically for acute traumatic LPD; 71% of the patients had patellar fractures, 54% had femoral fractures, and 60% had free osteochondral fracture fragments. All presurgical MRI and CT images were reviewed by POS who were blinded to both the reports of the radiologists and surgical records. We compared the accuracy of CT and MRI in diagnosing intra-articular osteochondral fractures against the arthroscopic findings and compared the interpretation of the images by the POS (MRI-O, CT-O) with those of the radiologists (MRI-R, CT-R). Results: There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between CT and MRI for overall intra-articular osteochondral fractures by the POS or the radiologists; however, the CT-O images had a higher diagnostic specificity (84.2% vs 69.6%; P < .001) and sensitivity (88.1% vs 70.1%; P < .001) versus the MRI-R images. Regarding free fracture fragments, the CT-R images had a higher diagnostic accuracy than the MRI-R images (73.5% vs 47.1%; P = .026). When backed by clinical data, the MRI-O images had greater diagnostic accuracy (78.7% vs 60.3%; P = .001) and sensitivity (88.1% vs 30.7%; P = .021) but lower specificity compared with the MRI-R images, and the CT-O images had similar diagnostic accuracy but greater sensitivity than the CT-R images (70.1% vs 52.2%; P < .001). The diagnostic accuracy of MRI-O images was lower for children under 12 years versus children 12 years and over (67.5% vs 83.3%; P = .040). Conclusion: Compared with MRI, CT scans had better diagnostic performance in the evaluation of intra-articular osteochondral fractures in pediatric patients with acute traumatic LPD. Clinical data enhanced the diagnostic sensitivity of MRI and CT but decreased the specificity of MRI. MRI evaluations remain challenging for both POS and radiologists.
SWAT 110: Printing the primary outcomE on Pink PapER versus standard paper to increase participant engagement to postal questionnaires (PEPPER)
Authors: Ooms Alexander , Parsons Scott , Dutton Susan , Garrett Angela , Fordham Beth , Hing Caroline , Lamb Sarah E , Smith Toby 
Published: March 2022

Background Missing data is a common issue in randomised controlled trials. There is a need to rigorously test means of participant retention. This embedded trial aims to examine the effect on postal response rates of printing a randomised controlled trial’s primary outcome on pink versus white paper. Methods Our randomised Study Within A Trial (SWAT) was run within a behaviour-change intervention host trial for patients following hip or knee replacements. Participants were randomised to receive the host trial’s primary outcome measure printed on either a sheet of pink or white paper within the 11 sheet (21 page) 6-month follow-up questionnaire. The SWAT’s primary outcome was host trial primary outcome measure completion. Number of reminders sent, proportion of remaining questions completed and overall questionnaire returns were secondary outcomes. Results 176 participants were randomised: 88 received pink paper, 88 white paper. Host trial primary outcome measures were returned by 84.1% (74/88 participants) in the pink paper group and in 90.9% (80/88 participants) in the white paper group (risk ratio, 0.92 (95% CI 0.80, 1.06); p = .24). Reminders were sent to 48.9% (43/88 participants) in the pink paper group and in 30.7% (27/88 participants) in the white paper group (risk ratio 1.59 (95% CI 1.09, 2.33); p = .01). No other results were statistically significant. Conclusion Printing the primary outcome on pink paper does not increase data return. From this small randomised study, there is some evidence that it potentially decreases response and is more burdensome to collect postal data by increasing the necessity for reminders.
120 years of georesources research in Switzerland: the Swiss Geotechnical Commission (1899–2018)
Authors: Heuberger S. , Nibourel L. , Fulda D. , Vernooij M. G. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGeological surveys have a wide range of tasks for their countries: to map the geology and to assess the georesources potential for metallic ores, industrial minerals, geothermal energy, fossil fuels, aggregates and groundwater. In Europe, most countries founded geological surveys around the mid-nineteenth century in order to create an overview of the geological resources they wanted to exploit. In Switzerland, at that time, the industrial revolution triggered a tremendous demand for infrastructure and energy raw materials. However, no national georesources institution was established when the nation-forming process among the 25 cantons culminated in the foundation of the Swiss Federal State in 1848. The Swiss Geological Survey was founded 138 years later in 1986. How did Switzerland map the country, assess the resource potential and provide fundamental data for land use planning without such an organisation? This paper elaborates on the evolution of Swiss institutions mandated to study the geological resources, with a focus on the Swiss Geotechnical Commission (SGTK, 1899–2018). Given the low financial resources, no long-term nation-wide investigation programs could be implemented. The commission's study program was mainly driven by external societal and political factors. World War I for example reactivated the search for coal which was intensively exploited during those years. Before and during World War II, the focus temporarily shifted to oil and gas exploration. From 1970 onwards, SGTK was involved in several applied research projects and collaborations with various industry partners. In this paper, we revisit the key turning points in the evolution of the commission's investigation program, including related financial and organisational aspects, and discuss how Switzerland’s federalistic structure influenced the geological survey activities. The history of the SGTK represents an exemplification of how a nation managed its geological survey activities, until 1986 in the absence of a geological survey and without large hydrocarbon and metallic ore resources and a corresponding, significant mining industry. The SGTK case also shows that flexible, project-based investigations can be advantageous as they respond to current challenges at short notice. This could to some degree substitute the initial absence of a geological survey, as shown by the numerous SGTK monographs that are key references also 100 years after their publication.