bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rubber Band Ligation (RBL) vs Standard Hemorrhoidectomy (SH) for Treatment of Haemorrhoids
Authors: Liaqat Fahim , Butt Muhammad Qasim , Ghani Usman , Tariq Mansoor , Khan Muhammad Shoaib , Asif Abeer 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare rubber band ligation (RBL) vs standard hemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of haemorrhoids.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Feb 2020 to Jan 2021.
Methodology: A total of 200 patients with 2nd and 3rd-degree haemorrhoids who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Group-A patients underwent rubber band ligation, while in Group-B, Milligan Morgan hemorrhoid-dectomy was done.
Results: There were 200 patients (100 in each Group). There were 135 males (67.5%) and 65 females (32.5%). The female to male ratio was 1:2.01. Mean age was 44.73 ± 8.36 years in Group-A and 43.48 ± 8.98 years in Group-B. Mean duration of complaints was 8.72 ± 4.32 months in Group-A and 10.89 ± 3.80 in Group-B. Post-procedure patients were called for follow up in a third and eighth week. The most common complication seen in Group-A was recurrence which was 18% (p-value 0.001), and pain in Group-B, 82% (p-value 0.001), which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: We concluded that Rubber band ligation is a quick, safe and cost-effective procedure for the outpatient department for Grade II and III haemorrhoids. The recurrence rate is high compared to standard hemorrhoid-dectomy, but its advantages make it a first-line procedure for Grade II and III haemorrhoids in the outpatient departments.
QTC Changes Associated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Patients
Authors: Khattak Rahimullah , Ahmad Riaz , Nadeem Muhammad , Amjad Huma , Khan Amjad , . Ibtisam 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To look for QTc changes associated with Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors and factors related to these changes among patients suffering from cancer.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Oncology Department, CMH Rawalpindi Pakistan from Dec 2020 to Apr 2021.
Methodology: The study included one hundred and eighty patients with solid or haematological malignancies taking Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors for more than three months. They underwent 12 lead ECGs inside the oncology department. QTc interval was calculated on the ECG of all the patients, and they were evaluated for the presence of prolonged QT interval. Age, gender, duration of Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor use and presence of comorbid illness were correlated with the presence of QTc changes in our study participants.
Results: Out of 180 cancer patients using Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors for more than three months included in the study, 96 (53.3%) were male, while 84 (46.7%) were female. One hundred and eighteen (65.5%) had normal QTc intervals, while 62 (34.5%) had prolonged QTc intervals in our study participants. Chi square test revealed that the advanced age of the patient and prolonged use of Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors was statistically significantly associated with QTc prolongation in our study (p-value<0.001).
Conclusion: Significant number of cancer patients using Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors had prolonged QTc intervals in our study. Special attention should be paid to cancer patients with advancing age and prolonged use of Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors.
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia in Post-Menopausal Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Hormonal Therapy
Authors: Khattak Rahimullah , Ahmad Riaz , Nadeem Muhammad , Tufail Umair , Khan Amjad , Ahmad Assam 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To analyze the presence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in post-menopausal breast cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy.
Study Design: Comparative Cross-sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Oncology Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Dec 2020 to May 2021.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 200 post-menopausal female breast cancer patients who had been taking Aromatase inhibitors for more than six months. All the study participants underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to measure bone mineral density. As a result, they were classified as having osteoporosis or osteopenia based on bone mineral density. In addition, age, duration of therapy, tumour stage and molecular subtypes of breast cancer were correlated with the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis in the study participants.
Results: A total of 200 post-menopausal patients with breast cancer using hormonal therapy for more than six months were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the patients was 56.331 ± 6.744 years. In addition, 55 (22.5%) patients had normal bone mineral density, 92 (46%) had osteopenia, while 53 (26.5%) had osteoporosis on a dual-energy X-ray absorp- tiometry (DEXA) scan. Molecular subtypes of the tumour, the advancing age of patients and the long duration of hormonal therapy were statistically significantly associated with the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis (p-value <0.05) in our study participants.
Conclusion: Considerable number of post-menopausal patients with advanced breast cancer taking hormonal therapy showed the presence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Molecular subtyping, the advanced age of patients and the long duration of hormonal therapy significantly predicted.........
Molecular Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Naeem Afnan , Waseem Hafsa , Ali Sakhawat , Usman Javaid , Gilani Mehreen , Javed Amna 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To detect the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine samples of women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease visiting a tertiary care hospital using a Polymerase Chain Reaction assay and find an association between different risk factors.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College/National University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2018 to Jan 2019.
Methodology: Over eleven months, 60 diagnosed urine samples of married females with pelvic inflammatory disease between the ages of 14-49 years were included in the study. DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis from urine samples was extracted manually using the commercially available kit. It was detected by performing a real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay using a forward primer (5’-CATGAAAACTCGTTCCGAAATAGAA-3’) and a reverse primer (5’-TCAGAGCTTTACCTAACAACGCATA-3’) of sequence mentioned above for amplification of target sequences, of the Chlamydia trachomatis.
Results: Out of sixty cases included in this study, Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was detected in 12 cases (20%), and 48 cases (80%) were negative. So, the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in our study population was estimated at 20%. In addition, age, socioeconomic status, education and no of sexual partners were all risk factors were evaluated for their role in acquiring infection.
Conclusion: Females having Chlamydia trachomatis infection and other sexually transmitted infections are at an increased risk of developing Pelvic Inflammatory disease due to the presence of risk factors and the asymptomatic nature of the disease.
Endoscopic Fascia-Cartilage Composite Grafting in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Ayub Zeeshan , Khan Amir Ali , Rafique Atif , Saeed Irfan , Alam Junaid 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate perforation of an air-bone gap closure success using fascia-cartilage composite graft in endoscopic Trans canal tympanoplasty.
Study Design: Randomized Control Trial (Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04945811)
Place and Duration of Study: ENT Department Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Apr 2020 to May 2021
Methodology: One hundred and thirty-three cases of chronic Suppurative otitis media fulfilling the selection criteria were operated upon, and an endoscopic fascia-cartilage composite graft was used. A successful outcome in terms of perforation closure and air-bone gap closure was evaluated in all patients.
Results: In the 138 patients operated, complete fascia-cartilage composite graft uptake was achieved in 129 (93.5%) patients. Nine (6.5%) patients had graft failure. The pre-operative mean air-bone gap was 36.49 ± 4.61 decibels, and the postoperative mean air-bone gap was 12.57 ± 5.09 decibels. This improvement was found to be significant, with the p-value < 0.001.
Conclusion: Endoscopic per-meatal fascia-cartilage composite grafting has a high graft uptake and air-bone gap closure percentage in chronic Suppurative otitis media cases.
Amelioration of Carboplatin-Induced Changes in Rat Renal Cortical Tubulesby Alpha-Tocopherol
Authors: Abaid Mehwish , Qamar Khadija , Iftikhar Zubia , Bashir Sumyyia , Akhtar Farhan , Aslam Maria 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the effects of carboplatin and alpha-tocopherol co-administration on gross kidney features and renal cortical tubules of carboplatin-treated rats.
Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College/National University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi Pakistan, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health (NIH) and Pathology Lab Pak Emirates Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec, 2021.
Methodology: Thirty adults "Sprague-Dawley rats" of both genders were used and were divided into three Groups. Group-A was the Control Group. Groups B and C were given injection carboplatin 2.5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally on the first day. Group-C was given vitamin E at a dose of 62.7 mg/kg body weight daily via oral gavage starting from the second day of the experiment till the end of 12 weeks. Rats were euthanized at the end, kidneys were dissected, and they were preserved in 10% formalin after gross inspection. Tissue processing and staining were performed. A microscopic study was done to observe proximal and distal tubule necrosis.
Results: Thirty adult Sprague Dawley rats, of age 10-12 weeks, and weight 250.0±50.0 grams, were included, there was statistically significant difference in the animal weight difference (p=0.001), length of right kidneys (cm) (p=0.002), width of right kidney (cm) (p= 0.001) and weight of right kidney (gm) (p=0.012) kidneys and relative tissue body weight index (RTBWI) (p = 0.048) of Control Group-A and Experimental Group B and C.
Conclusion: Alpha-tocopherol has an ameliorative effect on gross features of rat kidneys..........
Smokeless Tobacco Use and Its Association with Head and Neck Tumors and its relationship with Ethnicity; A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Nouman Maryum , Haider Ghulam , Beg Shumyla , Shahid Aisha , Nawaz S. M. Ahsan , Nouman Rabeea 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To identify smokeless tobacco as a risk factor in the development of head and neck cancers and to assess the role of ethnicity in the use of smokeless tobacco in developing head and neck cancers.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi Pakistan, from Dec 2018 to Jun 2019.
Methodology: Three hundred patients, aged 18-85 years of either gender were included in the study. Cases were the patients visiting Oncology OPD with biopsy-proven head and neck cancers (HNCs). Controls were patients presenting at the same hospital for a routine checkup. We interviewed participants by using a pre-designed proforma.
Results: The mean age of the cases and controls were reported as 49.26±13.51 years and 40.12±14.89 years, respectively. Majority of the participants were consuming pan (37.0%), gutka (22.6%), tobacco (21.3%), betel nut (19.6%), naswar (12.0%) and mainpuri (9.0%). The participants who consumed tobacco (OR:2.95), gutka (OR:2.39), mainpuri (OR:4.89), pan (OR:2.06) and betel nut (OR:2.28) were times more likely to develop HNCs than those who did not consume tobacco, gutka, mainpuri, pan and betel nut (p<0.05). Among Urdu speaking, the participants who consumed tobacco (OR: 2.49), pan (OR:10.35), and betel nut (OR:3.34), had times more likely to develop HNCs than those who did not consume tobacco, pan and betel nut.
Conclusion: Mainpuri, naswar, betel quid, and betel nut significantly affect the oral health of people and are potential risk factors for the development of risk factors.
Awareness and Associated Correlates of Contraception Use among Patients of Reproductive Age: A Cross-sectional Analysis at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karach
Authors: Haider Syeda Zehra , Zaidi Tafazzul Hyder , Sajid Benish , Haider Summaiya , Tabassum Rizwana , Jafry Mishal , Saleem Sunila , Abbas Kiran 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the level of awareness of contraception among patients of reproductive age groups.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, between Jul 2018 to Jul 2019.
Methodology: Women aged more than 18 years and not disoriented at the time of data collection were included in the study. Women younger than 18 years or those getting treatment for psychiatric illnesses or amenorrhea were excluded from the study. A predefined proforma was used to collect data from the study participants.
Results: The mean age of the female patients was 26.5±8.6 years. The awareness regarding contraception was seen in 207(64.2%) female patients. Notably, 190(59.1%) women were aware of contraceptive methods. 210(65.3%) of the female patients considered contraception a safe practice. 225(69.7%) female patients thought contraception was necessary for child spacing. 82(25.4%) female patients had used some contraceptive at least once in their lifetime. Most women use oral contraceptive pills because of their easy-to-use and inexpensive features. Age and marital status significantly associated with the degree of awareness among participants (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The study concluded that most of our study population were well aware of contraception and its uses, but they avoided using the contraceptive methods because of certain religious boundaries and misconceptions regarding the harmful effects of contraception on their health.
Attachment Styles and their Demographic Association Among Adult Children of Alcoholic Fathers in Pakistan
Authors: Suneel Ivan , Suneel Elizabeth Schwaiger , Anthoney Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To study the relationship between demographics and attachment styles among adult children of alcoholic fathers.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Private Rehabilitation Centers, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Apr 2020.
Methodology: A sample of almost equal participation of both genders (202 males and 198 females) were included in the study. Two measuring tools were used, a Demographic questionnaire and the Adult Attachment questionnaire.
Results: Chi-square test indicated that attachment style was significantly associated with age [p < 0.001], education [p < 0.001], and birth order [p < 0.001], However, gender [p =0.374] and number of siblings [p=0.876] were not significantly associated.
Conclusion: There is a relationship between attachment styles and associated demographics of adult children of alcoholic fathers. Based on these findings, the alcoholics and their families could be educated, an intervention plan could be developed, and literature could educate the masses about alcoholism and its impact on children.
Morphological spectrum of Xp11. Translocation-Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Developing Country
Authors: Khan Iram , Nabi Sana Ghulam , Mushtaq Sajid , Akhtar Noreen , Hassan Usman , Hussain Muddasir 
Published: December 2022

Objective: to determine unusual morphological features and a panel of immunohistochemical markers to diagnose Xp11 translocation carcinoma.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jun 2015 to Feb 2020.
Methodoldogy: We analyzed clinicopathological features, and evaulated intensity and extent of TFE 3 immunoreactivity of 18 cases with suggested diagnosis of xp11 translocation associated renal cell carcinoma from 2015-2020.
Results: Different morphological pattern includes papillary (8/18, 44%), nested (2/18, 11.1%), alveolar (3/18, 16.7%), nested and papillary (3/18, 16.7%), solid and nested (1/18, 5.6%), cystic and nested (1/18, 5.6%). Four cases show papillary architecture with a linear array of nuclei away from the basement membrane, a pattern seen in SFPQ-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma and NONO-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma. Strong nuclear TFE3 expression was seen in 9/18 (50%) cases. Cathepsin k expression was seen in 6/11 (54%) cases, Ck7 was focal weak positive in 4/12 (25%) cases, PAX8 was positive in 8/8 (100%) cases, and CA IX was focal weak positive in 1/5 (20%) case. According to follow-up data, disease progression was seen in only one case with the low-stage disease. No death was reported due to renal cell carcinoma to date of follow-up.
Conclusion: We have suggested that young patient age, unusual morphological features and an immunohistochemical panel may help reach the diagnosis in countries with limited resources.
Shoulder Pain in Policemen Due to Gun Hanging in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Shakeel Hammad , Arooj Ayesha , Tauqeer Sana , Zakaullah Iqra , Amin Kinza , Saleem Sidra 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the frequency of shoulder pain in policemen due to gun hanging in Lahore, Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study.
Place and Duration: Police Stations in Lahore, including Johar town, Model Town, Faisal Town and Khyaban e Amin. Lahore Pakistan from Nov 2019 to May 2020.
Methodology: The data were collected from the policemen of different police stations in Lahore. Inclusion criteria were work-related shoulder pain and no fracture or dislocation, and with no history of trauma or injury, and the age limit is 25 to 40 years of policemen. Data was collected using "Shortened disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (Quick DASH)".
Results: There were 100 study participants. The mean age of the participants was 32.48±4.49 years. Results of this study showed that 43% had no shoulder pain, and 57% had shoulder pain due to gun hanging. In addition, results showed that 21% participants had no difficulty, 18% had mild difficulty, 27% had moderate difficulty, 22% had severe difficulty, and 12% were unable to open the jar.
Conclusion: The shoulder pain due to gun hanging is high among policemen Daily life activities such as sleeping patterns and recreational and social life activities were also disturbed due to shoulder pain.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Tazarotene 0.1% Cream Versus Clindamycin 1% Gel in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Haq Afnan Bin , Shaikh Zafar Iqbal , Malik Sadia , Ashraf Amir , Shah Syed Sajid Ali , Anwar Ayesha 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Tazarotene 0.1% cream versus Clindamycin 1% gel in treating acne vulgaris.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Dermatology Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jul 2018.
Methodology: One hundred and fifty-four patients of both genders who had moderate acne vulgaris for more than four weeks were divided into two Groups. In both Groups, patients applied one-fourth fingertip unit of Tazarotene 0.1% cream in the evening once daily and Clindamycin 1% gel over the affected area in the morning once daily for 12 weeks. The Global Acne Grading System Score (GAGS score) was used for severity and efficacy assessment.
Results: The majority of the patients belonged to 13-25 years of age, i.e., 61(79.2%) and 54(70.1%) in Group-A (Tazarotene 0.1% cream) and Group-B (Clindamycin 1% gel), respectively. The efficacy of topical Tazarotene cream (0.1%) was better than topical Clindamycin 1% gel, and the difference was statistically significant with a p-value less than 0.01. GAGS score <10 was observed in 54.5% and 33.8% of patients in Group-A and Group-B, respectively.
Conclusion: Topical Tazarotene cream (0.1%) was more effective than topical Clindamycin 1% gel in treating acne vulgaris.
Assessment of Quality of Life Among Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Rehman Hooria , Cheema Huma Arshad , Alvi Muhammad Arshad , Anjum Muhammad Nadeem , Fayyaz Zafar , Batool Syeda Sara , Saeed Anjum 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital and Institution of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Apr 2021.
Methodology: A total of 60 cases (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) were enrolled in the study. Quality of life was measured according to the Modified IMPACT-III questionnaire.
Results: There were 38(63.3%) males and 22(36.7%) female children. The mean age was 9.57±3.40 years, while 33(55.0%) children were above ten years. The mean maternal age was found to be 37.10±4.09 years. There were 36(60.0%) children with Crohn's disease, while 24(40.0%) had ulcerative colitis. Children with Crohn's disease were found to have a significantly low quality of life compared to children in the ulcerative colitis group in the social domain (p<0.05). In addition, children with ulcerative colitis had a significantly low quality of life with regard to bowel symptoms (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Overall scores showed a low quality of life among children with IBD. Children with Crohn's disease had significantly low social QoL, while children with ulcerative colitis showed significantly low QoL regarding bowel symptoms.
Pattern of Congenital Heart Diseases among Term and Preterm Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital of a Developing Country
Authors: Subhani Fahim Ahmed , Siddique Abdul Wahab , Ayub Ammara , Ahmed Bilal , Shah Syed Awais ul Hassan , Anjum Asma 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of various congenital heart diseases in a tertiary care hospital neonatal unit.
Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Neonatal Unit of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jul 2015 to Jun 2018.
Methodology: All neonates admitted to the Neonatal Unit of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, suspected of having congenital heart disease were included in the study. Suspicion for CHD was based on the presence of murmur, cyanosis with or without feeding difficulty, signs of congestive heart failure, and variation in pre and post-ductal SpO2 reading. Echocardiography was performed on all neonates by a Paediatric cardiologist to determine diagnosis and type of lesion.
Results: One hundred and thirty-one neonates were found to have congenital heart disease with male predominance, with 79(60.3%) males and 52(39.7%) females. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) was the most common lesion occurring in 44(33.6%) neonates, followed by PDA in 28(21.37%) neonates. CHD occurred more frequently in term neonates (62.0%) than preterm neonates (38.0%).
Conclusion: Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital malformation, with Asia having the highest prevalence worldwide. Lack of specialized antenatal and neonatal health services and paucity of diagnostic facilities lead to delays in diagnosis, increasing morbidity and mortality of CHD cases. Therefore, drastic measures are required to improve neonatal health and transport facilities in our country to mitigate the impact of this disease.