bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a new scoring tool to identify clinically stable heart failure patients
Authors: Gingele A. J. , Brandts L. , Brunner-La Rocca H. P. , Cleuren G. , Knackstedt C. , Boyne J. J. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Heart failure (HF) poses a burden on specialist care, making referral of clinically stable HF patients to primary care a desirable goal. However, a structured approach to guide patient referral is lacking.

Methods
The Maastricht Instability Score—Heart Failure (MIS-HF) questionnaire was developed to objectively stratify the clinical status of HF patients: patients with a low MIS-HF (0–2 points, indicating a stable clinical condition) were considered for treatment in primary care, whereas high scores (> 2 points) indicated the need for specialised care. The MIS-HF was evaluated in 637 consecutive HF patients presenting between 2015 and 2018 at Maastricht University Medical Centre.

Results
Of the 637 patients, 329 (52%) had a low score and 205 of these 329 (62%) patients were referred to primary care. The remaining 124 (38%) patients remained in secondary care. Of the 308 (48%) patients with a high score (> 2 points), 265 (86%) remained in secondary care and 41 (14%) were referred to primary care. The primary composite endpoint (mortality, cardiac hospital admissions) occurred more frequently in patients with a high compared to those with a low MIS-HF after 1 year of follow-up (29.2% vs 10.9%; odds ratio (OR) 3.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.20–5.14). No significant difference in the composite endpoint (9.8% vs 12.9%; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.36–1.47) was found between patients with a low MIS-HF treated in primary versus secondary care.

Conclusion
The MIS-HF questionnaire may improve referral policies, as it helps to identify HF patients that can safely be referred to primary care.
Ultrasound-Induced Release of Nimodipine from Drug-Loaded Block Copolymer Micelles: In Vivo Analysis
Authors: Döring Katja , Sperling Swetlana , Ninkovic Milena , Schroeder Henning , Fischer André , Stadelmann Christine , Streit Frank , Binder Lutz , Mielke Dorothee , Rohde Veit , Malinova Vesna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNimodipine prevents cerebral vasospasm and improves functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The beneficial effect is limited by low oral bioavailability of nimodipine, which resulted in an increasing use of nanocarriers with sustained intrathecal drug release in order to overcome this limitation. However, this approach facilitates only a continuous and not an on-demand nimodipine release during the peak time of vasospasm development. In this study, we aimed to assess the concept of controlled drug release from nimodipine-loaded copolymers by ultrasound application in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Nimodipine-loaded copolymers were produced with the direct dissolution method. Vasospasm of the CAM vessels was induced by means of ultrasound (Physiomed, continuous wave, 3 MHz, 1.0 W/cm2). The ultrasound-mediated nimodipine release (Physiomed, continuous wave, 1 MHz, 1.7 W/cm2) and its effect on the CAM vessels were evaluated. Measurements of vessel diameter before and after ultrasound-induced nimodipine release were performed using ImageJ. The CAM model could be successfully carried out in all 25 eggs. After vasospasm induction and before drug release, the mean vessel diameter was at 57% (range 44–61%) compared to the baseline diameter (set at 100%). After ultrasound-induced drug release, the mean vessel diameter of spastic vessels increased again to 89% (range 83–91%) of their baseline diameter, which was significant (p = 0.0002). We were able to provide a proof of concept for in vivo vasospasm induction by ultrasound application in the CAM model and subsequent resolution by ultrasound-mediated nimodipine release from nanocarriers. This concept merits further evaluation in a rat SAH model.Graphical abstract
An Evaluation of Whole-School Trauma-Informed Training Intervention Among Post-Primary School Personnel: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: MacLochlainn Justin , Kirby Karen , McFadden Paula , Mallett John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStudents’ ability to reach their potential in school—both behaviourally and academically – is linked to their educator’s knowledge of child and adolescent development, childhood adversity and trauma, and how these impact learning and behaviour. However, teacher pre-service training programmes often offer inadequate instruction to meet the needs of trauma-impacted students. The purpose of the study was to investigate the benefits of professional development training in trauma-informed approaches on school personnel attitudes and compassion fatigue. There is a paucity of research on whole-school trauma-informed approaches and most have methodological limitations via the absence of a control group. In addressing this gap, the study is one of the first to utilise a control group in the research design to ensure findings are robust. The study utilised a quasi-experimental wait-list control pre-post intervention design to evaluate the efficacy of trauma-informed professional development training. We compared attitudes and compassion fatigue among 216 school personnel (n = 98 intervention, n = 118 comparison) utilising the Attitudes Related to Trauma-Informed Care (ARTIC) scale and the Professional Quality of Life scale (Pro-QoL). Quantitative data was supplemented by qualitative focus group data. Findings demonstrated that school-personnel within the intervention group reported significant improvements in attitudes related to trauma-informed care, and a significant decrease in burnout at 6-month follow-up. Our findings demonstrate that with minimum training on the dynamics of trauma, personnel attached to a school can become more trauma-informed and have more favourable attitudes towards trauma-impacted students and consequently be less likely to experience burnout.
Intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-sets and numerical applications to classification
Authors: Ünver Mehmet , Türkarslan Ezgi , elik Nuri , Olgun Murat , Ye Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA single-valued neutrosophic multi-set is characterized by a sequence of truth membership degrees, a sequence of indeterminacy membership degrees and a sequence of falsity membership degrees. Nature of a single-valued neutrosophic multi-set allows us to consider multiple information in the truth, indeterminacy and falsity memberships which is pretty useful in multi-criteria group decision making. In this paper, we consider sequences of intuitionistic fuzzy values instead of numbers to define the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-set. In this manner, such a set gives more powerful information. We also present some set theoretic operations and a partial order for intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic sets and provide some algebraic operations between intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic values. Then, we develop two types of weighted aggregation operators with the help of intuitionistic fuzzy t-norms and t-conorms. By considering some well-known additive generators of ordinary t-norms, we give the Algebraic weighted arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators and the Einstein weighted arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators that are the particular cases of the weighted aggregation operators defined via general t-norms and t-conorms. We also define a simplified neutrosophic valued similarity measure and we use a score function for simplified neutrosophic values to rank similarities of intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-values. Finally, we give an algorithm to solve classification problems using intuitionistic fuzzy-valued neutrosophic multi-values and proposed aggregation operators and we apply the theoretical part of the paper to a real classification problem.
Vegetation attributes drive the taxonomic richness and functional composition of beetles and spiders in mountainous urban green spaces
Authors: Damptey Frederick Gyasi , Frimpong Bernard Fosu , Debrah Daniel Kwame , Agro Prince Pascal , Wiafe Edward Debrah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban green spaces (UGS) enhance the quality of life in urban environments and serve as habitat corridors or refuge for organisms, including beetles and spiders. The attributes of UGS allow them to harbour species that offer essential ecosystem services. However, the ability of UGS to provide services is limited by the extent to which they have been altered anthropogenically. We described the taxonomic richness and functional composition of arthropods in a mountainous urban ecosystem of Ghana by focussing on the activity of both beetles and spiders at the family level. Two main land-use types (woodlands and built-up areas) were identified and characterised based on the presence or absence of certain vegetation attributes. Sixteen plots in each land-use type with sizes 20 × 20 m were demarcated and fitted with four pitfall traps in each plot to sample continuously for eight weeks, the activity density of both beetles and spiders. Samples were sorted into families and functional groups (detritivores, fungivores, herbivores and predators). The taxonomic richness and activity density were both significantly higher in the woodlands than in the built-up areas. Similarly, all functional groups showed a higher affinity to the woodlands than the built-up areas. Habitat attributes defined by plant diversity and structural complexity were the underlying drivers explaining the differences in arthropod communities between the land-use types. Though the built-up areas seem degraded and open, the remaining small vegetation patches still support the activities of some taxa that should merit the protection of such remnant vegetation in urban ecosystems.
Where Do Shareholder Gains in Hedge Fund Activism Come From? Evidence From Employee Pension Plans
Authors: Agrawal Anup , Lim Yuree 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe find that defined benefit employee pension plans of firms that are targets of hedge fund activism experience underfunding and their defined contribution plans experience reductions in employer contributions. Pension underfunding occurs due to reduced employer contributions to the plans, which target firms justify by increasing the assumed rates of returns on plan investments and the discount rate used to compute the present value of plan obligations. Despite tilting plan investments toward riskier assets, pension fund performance does not improve after activists target a firm. Our evidence suggests that shareholder wealth gains from activism are partly wealth transfers from employees.
GLI ATTREZZI DELLA SCIENZA POLITICA. UNA RASSEGNA CRITICA DI 11 DIZIONARI
Authors: Criscitiello Annarita 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneCome si costruisce un dizionario?Il patrimonio linguistico della scienza politica è costituito di parole quasi tutte prese a prestito. Questo debito davvero cospicuo è stato contratto, di volta in volta, con il diritto, l'economia, la sociologia, la psicologia, la filosofia e persino la teologia e il giornalismo. Mettendo a confronto l'edizione del 1968 della International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences con gli indici analitici di alcuni importanti testi di scienza politica, Mattei Dogan (1998) ha compilato un inventario di circa duecento parole «importate» dalle altre discipline.
DA ANDREOTTI A BERLUSCONI: LA RAPPRESENTATIVITÀ TERRITORIALE DEI GOVERNI ITALIANI, 1976–2001
Authors: Amoretti Ugo M. 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneIl governo è uno degli argomenti di cui si sono tradizionalmente occupati gli studi politici. Oltre che a tematiche di carattere generale, i cultori di questo tema si sono indirizzati prevalentemente verso questioni quali le forme di governo, la formazione (e dissolvimento) delle coalizioni governative nei sistemi parlamentari e multipartitici, il ruolo dei partiti politici, l'espansione della sfera pubblica, nonché lo studio dei governanti e delle loro carriere. A fianco di questi temi di ricerca, esiste tuttavia un'ulteriore area di indagine interessante e rilevante: la rappresentatività territoriale dei governi. Rimasta relativamente inesplorata perlopiù a causa delle originarie caratteristiche sistemiche di questi ultimi – nati come leve di comando dello stato e divenuti organi esecutivi delle leggi approvate in parlamento in seguito all'affermarsi del costituzionalismo liberale – tale problematica costituisce oggi, dato il ruolo di primo piano progressivamente acquisito dai governi nell'ambito delpolicy making(Pasquino 1997, 170–171), un tema di particolare importanza, soprattutto nei paesi eterogenei dal punto di vista geopolitico. Se gran parte della produzione legislativa ha originenelgoverno, è tutt'altro che un esercizio scolastico esaminare come le unità territoriali in cui si suddivide amministrativamente o politicamente uno stato siano rappresentate al suo interno.
Expression unleashed: The evolutionary and cognitive foundations of human communication
Authors: Heintz Christophe , Scott-Phillips Thom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman expression is open-ended, versatile, and diverse, ranging from ordinary language use to painting, from exaggerated displays of affection to micro-movements that aid coordination. Here we present and defend the claim that this expressive diversity is united by an interrelated suite of cognitive capacities, the evolved functions of which are the expression and recognition of informative intentions. We describe how evolutionary dynamics normally leash communication to narrow domains of statistical mutual benefit, and how expression is unleashed in humans. The relevant cognitive capacities are cognitive adaptations to living in a partner choice social ecology; and they are, correspondingly, part of the ordinarily developing human cognitive phenotype, emerging early and reliably in ontogeny. In other words, we identify distinctive features of our species' social ecology to explain how and why humans, and only humans, evolved the cognitive capacities that, in turn, lead to massive diversity and open-endedness in means and modes of expression. Language use is but one of these modes of expression, albeit one of manifestly high importance. We make cross-species comparisons, describe how the relevant cognitive capacities can evolve in a gradual manner, and survey how unleashed expression facilitates not only language use, but also novel behaviour in many other domains too, focusing on the examples of joint action, teaching, punishment, and art, all of which are ubiquitous in human societies but relatively rare in other species. Much of this diversity derives from graded aspects of human expression, which can be used to satisfy informative intentions in creative and new ways. We aim to help reorient cognitive pragmatics, as a phenomenon that is not a supplement to linguistic communication and on the periphery of language science, but rather the foundation of the many of the most distinctive features of human behaviour, society, and culture.
The Effect of Daily Fluctuation of Abusive Supervision over Employees Positive and Negative Emotions, and Recovery Experience
Authors: Gallegos Ivonne , Berger Rita , Guardia-Olmos Joan , Escartín Jordi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAbusive supervision impacts employees’ emotions negatively and creates feelings of shame and fear. But it remains unclear how daily employees’ positive and negative emotions are affected and if they can recover. Applying the affective event theory and job demands-resources model we hypothesized that daily abusive supervision influences employees’ positive and negative emotions fluctuation over the day, recovery after work, and employee emotions the next morning. Two daily surveys were answered by 52 Mexican employees for ten days providing 347 registers in the morning and 255 in the afternoon. Hierarchical linear modeling shows alteration of positive and negative emotions in the afternoon and next day, and a positive effect over recovery in relaxation, mastery and control restoring positive emotions. However, negative emotions cannot be recovered for the following day. Additionally, we found effects of predictive variables, as the days of the week go by, positive emotions in the afternoon and negative emotions in the morning decrease. Gender shows for men a more negative effect on positive emotions in the afternoon, next morning and on mastery-recovery. Marital status revealed effect over married individuals incrementing the four recovery dimensions, increasing positive emotions, and reducing negative emotions in the afternoon and next morning. Tenure has an effect over abusive supervision, the longer employees in the company, more likely they suffer abusive supervision. We show how employees restore positive emotions after daily recovery and that negative emotions cannot be recovered for the following day; revealing how abusive managers cause emotional damage to employees every day.
Imaging Considerations From a Geostationary Orbit Using the Short Wavelength Side of the Mid‐Infrared Water Vapor Absorption Band
Authors: Miller N. B. , Gunshor M. M. , Merrelli A. J. , L'Ecuyer T. S. , Schmit T. J. , Gerth J. J. , Gordillo N. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHistorically, the long wavelength side (6–7.5 μm) of the mid‐infrared water vapor absorption band has been used for imaging from the geostationary perspective. This began with the 6.4 μm band on Europe's Meteosat‐1. While geostationary sounders for moisture profiling, including China's hyperspectral resolution infrared sounder and a planned sounder from Europe, are or will be measuring the short wavelength side of the water vapor band, this is not the case for geostationary imagers. Shorter wavelength (5–6 μm) spectral bands for imaging applications should be considered for observing moisture in the mid and lower troposphere because of several potential advantages offered by this spectral range. The short wavelength side of the water vapor band contains fewer additional absorbing gases that overlap the water vapor absorption lines. In addition, the shorter wavelengths would show less diffraction blurring which could enable finer spatial resolution for turbulence detection. This study considers some of the differences and potential advantages of the spectral information in the short wavelength side of the water vapor absorption band from the perspective of geostationary imaging. For dry conditions land heating could impact the qualitative use of observed brightness temperatures at 5.1 μm, while the solar reflection component over most clear‐sky scenes is small for a 5.1 μm band and essentially zero for a 5.6 μm band.
Van der Waals two-color infrared photodetector
Authors: Wu Peisong , Ye Lei , Tong Lei , Wang Peng , Wang Yang , Wang Hailu , Ge Haonan , Wang Zhen , Gu Yue , Zhang Kun , Yu Yiye , Peng Meng , Wang Fang , Huang Min , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the increasing demand for multispectral information acquisition, infrared multispectral imaging technology that is inexpensive and can be miniaturized and integrated into other devices has received extensive attention. However, the widespread usage of such photodetectors is still limited by the high cost of epitaxial semiconductors and complex cryogenic cooling systems. Here, we demonstrate a noncooled two-color infrared photodetector that can provide temporal-spatial coexisting spectral blackbody detection at both near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths. This photodetector consists of vertically stacked back-to-back diode structures. The two-color signals can be effectively separated to achieve ultralow crosstalk of ~0.05% by controlling the built-in electric field depending on the intermediate layer, which acts as an electron-collecting layer and hole-blocking barrier. The impressive performance of the two-color photodetector is verified by the specific detectivity (D*) of 6.4 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 3.5 μm and room temperature, as well as the promising NIR/MWIR two-color infrared imaging and absolute temperature detection.
Mid-infrared hyperchaos of interband cascade lasers
Authors: Deng Yu , Fan Zhuo-Fei , Zhao Bin-Bin , Wang Xing-Guang , Zhao Shiyuan , Wu Jiagui , Grillot Frédéric , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChaos in nonlinear dynamical systems is featured with irregular appearance and with high sensitivity to initial conditions. Near-infrared light chaos based on semiconductor lasers has been extensively studied and has enabled various applications. Here, we report a fully-developed hyperchaos in the mid-infrared regime, which is produced from interband cascade lasers subject to the external optical feedback. Lyapunov spectrum analysis demonstrates that the chaos exhibits three positive Lyapunov exponents. Particularly, the chaotic signal covers a broad frequency range up to the GHz level, which is two to three orders of magnitude broader than existed mid-infrared chaos solutions. The interband cascade lasers produce either periodic oscillations or low-frequency fluctuations before bifurcating to hyperchaos. This hyperchaos source is valuable for developing long-reach secure optical communication links and remote chaotic Lidar systems, taking advantage of the high-transmission windows of the atmosphere in the mid-infrared regime.
Light People: Professor Jianhua Jiang
Authors: Zhang Ying 
Published: January 2022

EditorialRecently, Prof. Jianhua Jiang from Soochow University of China accepted an interview from Light: Science & Applications. Prof. Jiang works on topological photonics, topological phononics, and nonequilibrium physics. On this issue, he discusses the challenges and opportunities in topological photonics, topological phononics, and other topological synthetic systems. He also shares his experiences in cutting-edge research, the education of graduate students, and other challenges faced by junior researchers. Finally, he gives remarks and suggestions for Light: Science & Applications. Light People is a featured column of high-end interviews with outstanding scientists. It is our great honor to invite Prof. Jianhua Jiang, an outstanding young scientist, to showcase his research life and the story behind his success.