bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excessive alcohol use by non‐elite sportsmen
Authors: BLACK DEBORAH , LAWSON JAMES , FLEISHMAN SANDRA 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to first, provide a profile of alcohol consumption patterns of young Australian men aged 16 to 34 years who participate in non‐elite sport and secondly, to explore the factors associated with excessive alcohol consumption by this group. There were 1613 male participants in the study. The type of sport played, smoking, age, whether their sporting team had a licensed club and country of birth were associated with drinking above safe recommended levels. The excessive levels of alcohol consumption by some non‐elite sportsmen in this study suggest a need to educate sports administrators, coaches and participants about safe alcohol consumption. Men were more likely to drink excessively when socializing with sporting team mates compared to drinking on social occasions with other groups.
Alcohol, auditory functioning and deafness
Authors: CRAWFORD A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAbstract This paper reviews studies of alcohol and auditory impairment and the treatment of deaf people with alcohol problems and concludes that: (a) alcohol affects auditory functioning, (b) prenatal exposure to alcohol is a risk factor for hearing impairment in FAS children, (c) there may be genetic factors involved in the transmission of auditory abnormalities to the children of problem drinkers and (d) there is very little research in the drinking patterns of or counselling services for deaf people in the UK.
Effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on fatty acid ethyl ester synthases in mouse cerebellar membranes
Authors: ZHENG ZHIHONG , HUNGUND BASALINGAPPA L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), the products of esterification of fatty acids with ethanol (EtOH), are shown to cause organ injury in chronic alcohol abusers. Their formation is catalysed by the enzyme FAEE synthase which is present in both animal and human brain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic EtOH exposure on FAEE synthase activity in crude cerebellar membrane preparation of mice, using oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids as substrates. The results indicate that FAEE synthase activity exists in synaptosomal membranes and the activity of this enzyme varied with various fatty acid substrates. The synthase activity was optimal in the membranes from the animals exposed acutely to EtOH when oleic acid was used as a substrate. A 14% increase in the incorporation of oleic acid was observed in the membranes from animals exposed to acute dose of EtOH. However, there was a 10% reduction in the synthase activity when arachidonic acid was used as a substrate in the membrane preparations from mice exposed chronically to EtOH. The results suggest that substrate specificity for FAEE synthase varied with the duration of exposure to EtOH.
Power integral bases in a parametric family of totally real cyclic quintics
Authors: Gaál István , Pohst Michael 
Published: July 2002

We consider the totally real cyclic quintic fields

K

n

=

Q

(

ϑ

n

)

K_{n}=\mathbb {Q}(\vartheta _{n})

, generated by a root

ϑ

n

\vartheta _{n}

of the polynomial

f

n

(
x
)
=

x

5

+

n

2

x

4

−
(
2

n

3

+
6

n

2

+
10
n
+
10
)

x

3

+
(

n

4

+
5

n

3

+
11

n

2

+
15
n
+
5
)

x

2

+
(

n

3

+
4

n

2

+
10
n
+
10
)
x
+
1.

\begin{multline*} f_{n}(x)=x^{5}+n^{2}x^{4}-(2n^{3}+6n^{2}+10n+10)x^{3}\ +(n^{4}+5n^{3}+11n^{2}+15n+5)x^{2}+(n^{3}+4n^{2}+10n+10)x+1. \end{multline*}

Assuming that

m
=

n

4

+
5

n

3

+
15

n

2

+
25
n
+
25

m=n^{4}+5n^{3}+15n^{2}+25n+25

is square free, we compute explicitly an integral basis and a set of fundamental units of

K

n

K_{n}

and prove that

K

n

K_{n}

has a power integral basis only for

n
=
−
1
,
−
2

n=-1,-2

. For

n
=
−
1
,
−
2

n=-1,-2

(both values presenting the same field) all generators of power integral bases are computed.
Homology modeling, model and software evaluation: three related resources.
Authors: Rodriguez R , Chinea G , Lopez N , Pons T , Vriend G 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: Homology modeling is rapidly becoming the method of choice for obtaining three-dimensional coordinates for proteins because genome projects produce sequences at a much higher rate than NMR and X-ray laboratories can solve the three-dimensional structures. The quality of protein models will not be immediately clear to novices and support with the evaluation seems to be needed. Expert users are sometimes interested in evaluating the quality of modeling programs rather than the quality of the models themselves. RESULTS: Three servers have been made available to the scientific community: a homology modeling server, a model quality evaluation server and a server that evaluates models built of proteins for which the structure is already known, thereby implicitly evaluating the quality of the modeling program. AVAILABILITY: The modeling-related servers and several structure analysis servers are freely available at http://swift.embl-heidelberg.de/servers/ CONTACT: gert.vriend@embl-heidelberg.de
Analysis of serine proteinase–inhibitor interaction by alanine shaving
Authors: Buczek Olga , Koscielska‐Kasprzak Katarzyna , Krowarsch Daniel , Dadlez Michał , Otlewski Jacek 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe analyzed the energetic importance of residues surrounding the hot spot (the P1 position) of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) in interaction with two proteinases, trypsin and chymotrypsin, by a procedure called molecular shaving. One to eight residues of the structural epitope, composed of two extended and exposed loops, were mutated to alanine(s). Although truncation of the side chains of residues surrounding the P1 position to methyl groups caused a decrease in ΔGden values up to 6.4 kcal mole−1, it did not influence the overall conformation of the inhibitor. We found that the replacement of up to six residues with alanines was fully additive at the level of protein stability. To analyze the influence of the structural epitope on the association energy, we determined association constants for BPTI variants and both enzymes and applied the additivity analysis. Shaving of two binding loops led to a progressive drop in the association energy, more pronounced for trypsin (decrease up to 9.6 kcal mole−1) than chymotrypsin (decrease up to 3.5 kcal mole−1). In the case of extensively mutated variants interacting with chymotrypsin, the association energies agreed very well with the values calculated from single mutational effects. However, when P1‐neighboring residues were shaved to alanine(s), their contribution to the association energy was not fully removed because of the presence of methyl groups and main chain–main chain intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Moreover, the hot spot had a different contribution to the complex stability in the fully shaved BPTI variant compared with the wild type, which was caused by perturbations of the P1–S1 electrostatic interaction.
The sequence determinants of cadherin molecules
Authors: Kister Alexander E. , Roytberg Michael A , Chothia Cyrus , Vasiliev Jurii M. , Gelfand Israel M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe sequence and structural analysis of cadherins allow us to find sequence determinants—a few positions in sequences whose residues are characteristic and specific for the structures of a given family. Comparison of the five extracellular domains of classic cadherins showed that they share the same sequence determinants despite only a nonsignificant sequence similarity between the N‐terminal domain and other extracellular domains. This allowed us to predict secondary structures and propose three‐dimensional structures for these domains that have not been structurally analyzed previously. A new method of assigning a sequence to its proper protein family is suggested: analysis of sequence determinants. The main advantage of this method is that it is not necessary to know all or almost all residues in a sequence as required for other traditional classification tools such as BLAST, FASTA, and HMM. Using the key positions only, that is, residues that serve as the sequence determinants, we found that all members of the classic cadherin family were unequivocally selected from among 80,000 examined proteins. In addition, we proposed a model for the secondary structure of the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins based on the principal relations between sequences and secondary structure multialignments. The patterns of the secondary structure of this domain can serve as the distinguishing characteristics of cadherins.
Quadrangular Prism Porous Shells Constructed by Parallelly Interconnected and Lattice‐Strained NiCoP Nanoflakes for Maximized Energy Storage
Authors: Zhou Xiaoya , Long Weiyu , Wang Qian , Dong Xiaochen , Tang Shaochun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the challenges with pseudocapacitive energy storage is maximizing the utilization of active materials while assuring their cycling stability due to diffusion confinement and low electron transferability. Herein, a new insight into the design of architectures with combined advantages of ultrathin 2D materials’ oriented distribution and structural modulation at the atomic scale is proposed. Porous quadrangular prism shells (PQPSs) constructed by parallelly and interconnected lattice‐strained NiCoP nanoflakes are achieved via quadrangular prism‐assisted surface anisotropic growth, template removal, and ion exchange. An aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor with the NiCoP PQPSs and activated carbon (AC) delivers outstanding cycle stability with 103.1% capacity retention even after 30 000 cycles at 20 A g−1, much superior electrochemical performance over that reported for single‐metal phosphides. The NiCoP//AC exhibits a prominent high energy density of 47.7 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1, superior over most state‐of‐the‐art devices. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the nanoflake‐built shells effectively avoid “dead volume,” thus providing abundant ion‐accessible active sites and straight ion transport channels as well as the lattice tensile strain demonstrated by geometrical phase analysis facilitates charge transportation. This work provides an innovative route to the controlled synthesis of space‐oriented phosphides’ arrays for improved energy storage.
DMF‐Based Large‐Grain Spanning Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1‐x)4 Device with a PCE of 11.76%
Authors: Cui Yubo , Wang Mengyang , Dong Peizhe , Zhang Shuangshuang , Fu Junjie , Fan Libo , Zhao Chaoliang , Wu Sixin , Zheng Zhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA main concern of the promising DMF‐based Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1‐x)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells lies in the absence of a large‐grain spanning structure, which is a key factor for high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). A new strategy to achieve CZTSSe large‐grain spanning monolayer is proposed, by taking advantage of the synergistic optimization with a Cu2+ plus Sn2+ redox system and pre‐annealing temperatures. A series of structural, morphological, electrical, and photoelectric characterizations are employed to study the effects of the pre‐annealing temperatures on absorber qualities, and an optimized temperature of 430 ℃ is determined. The growth mechanism of the large‐grain spanning monolayer and the effect of redox reaction rate are carefully investigated. Three types of absorber growth mechanisms and a concept of critical temperature are proposed. The devices based on this large‐grain spanning monolayer suppress the recombination of carriers at crystal boundaries and interfaces. The champion device exhibits a high Voc (>500 mV) and PCE of 11.76%, which are both the maximum values among DMF‐based solar cells at the current stage.
Novel Bistable Electrochromic Devices Inspired by “Hydroxyl‐Acids”
Authors: Li Jiashuang , Wang Chengcheng , Sheng Mingfei , Chen Yuhua , Li Bingzhen , Wu Qingqing , Fu Shaohai , Zhang Liping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of bistable electrochromic materials is a promising way to reduce the energy consumption of displays. However, bistable devices with ideal implementation schemes and electrochromic performance still remain challenging due to the inherent limitations of existing electrochromic materials. Herein, a theory of “hydroxyl‐acids” assisted improvement of electrochromic rate and bistability of fluorane dyes is proposed and applied to solid‐state electrochromic devices. 80% hydroxypropyl acrylate‐20% methyl methacrylate copolymer‐based electrochromic film prepared by the theory of “hydroxyl‐acids” has a higher electrochromic rate (4.1 times) and bistability (5.4 times) than traditional PMMA‐based electrochromic films in the device. In addition, the optimum device is obtained by optimizing each layer component content of the device. The novel electrochromic device has good overall performance, including coloring time (7.5 s), transmittance change (>70%), coloration efficiency (872 cm2 C‐1), bistability (50 h), and reversibility (1,000 cycles). The theory of “hydroxyl‐acids” is suitable for a variety of fluorane dyes, and polychromatic bistable electrochromic windows are developed.
Water quality adjacent to swine slurry holding ponds associated with a concentrated animal feeding operation
Authors: Sharpley Andrew , Burke James , Brye Kristofor , Berry Larry , Hays Phillip , Daniels Mike , VanDevender Karl , Glover Tim , Haggard Brian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnvironmental concerns exist over extended storage of liquid animal waste in outdoor holding ponds before land application, particularly in regions with underlying karst geology. To determine the effects of holding ponds on water quality, belowground interceptor trenches, groundwater (well), and a downslope ephemeral stream were monitored for water quality parameters. Nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations increased (p < .0001) in well and ephemeral stream samples but decreased in trench samples (Trench 1 with a p < .0001) near the swine production facility and holding ponds over a 5‐yr monitoring period (April 2014–June 2019). In contrast, chloride, which is a conservative element that can move freely through the soil without chemical, physical, or biological modification, and electrical conductivity decreased (p < .0001 to .0203) over the monitoring period in well and Trench 1 samples. Flow in the interceptor trenches was highly responsive to rainfall, suggesting the trenches were mainly capturing shallow subsurface flows initiated by rainfall. A lack of any increasing trend in chloride and electrical conductivity for ephemeral stream, well, or trench samples suggests that elevated nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations in well and ephemeral stream samples may have been influenced by sources other than the liquid manure holding ponds (i.e., sources that have low chloride and electrical conductivity values). In regions with underlying karst geology, surface and subsurface water resources may require more expansive monitoring to demonstrate liquid manure holding ponds effects on nearby water quality.
Nonnoble metal oxides for high‐performance Zn‐air batteries: Design strategies and future challenges
Authors: Zheng Qilong , Zhang Yidan , Su Chao , Zhao Ling , Guo Youmin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNowadays, the increasing demand for safe, clean, and renewable energies has inspired scientists to do massive research on rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs). Thanks to its inherent high theoretical energy density, ZABs have become one of the excellent candidates for the new generation of electric transportations and electrical energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the most significant technical obstacle to the commercialization of ZABs is the tardy oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR and OER) kinetics of the air electrode. Hence, the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts with advanced ORR/OER catalytic activity and long‐term stability is of great significance. Owing to the outstanding advantages of perovskite oxides, scientists have focused their attention on the perovskite‐based catalysts. And various strategies have been applied to strengthen their ORR/OER performance, including cation doping, surface structure optimization, nanostructure construction, and composite fabrication. This article concisely outlines the research progress of perovskite‐based oxides on ZABs applications. The basic principles of ZABs and the approach to increasing the OER/ORR activity of perovskite oxides as the air electrode of ZABs are illustrated. Finally, this review points out opportunities, possibilities, and future development direction of perovskite‐based air electrodes.
Janus micro‐thread to micro‐nanodroplets using dynamic contact line lithography
Authors: Murmu Kaniska , Pandey Ankur , Roy Pritam , Deb Aniruddha , Gooh Pattader Partho Sarathi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDynamic contact line lithography (DCLL) is generally used for the template‐less but well‐ordered deposition of polymer micro/nanostructures from the solution of homopolymer. DCLL from the blend of several polymers in a common suitable solvent can generate rich morphologies including nanostructured Janus micro threads on a surface which might be challenging to fabricate using any other method. A blend of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in toluene with different compositions and concentrations are used for DCLL at a constant contact line speed of 10 μm/s. Variations of compositions and the overall concentration of polymer, engender Janus micro threads to undulated threads and multi‐layered micro/nanodroplets of PS/PMMA. Interestingly, the more soluble PS phase separates first compared to less soluble PMMA near the contact line due to the enhanced local concentration of PS during the convective flow of the solvent toward the contact line. This is also verified by DCLL using PS/PMMA blend in ethyl acetate as well. In that case, more soluble PMMA deposits first near the contact line compared to marginally less soluble PS in the solvent.
Self‐Generated Template Assisted Construction of Nitrogen Self‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanoframework with Rich Planar Holes for High Energy Density Supercapacitor
Authors: Qi Shengliang , Wang Xin , Kang Jia , Hu Yangfei , Xu Nan , Zhang Mengna , Peng Hui , Ma Guofu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNitrogen‐doped porous carbon materials with planar holes not only inherit the structure advantages of porous carbon materials, but also have a unique planar porosity and heteroatomic doping feature, showing enormous interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. Nevertheless, rational and controllable design of honeycomb‐like porous carbon materials with rich planar holes remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, we develop a “bottom‐up” self‐assembly of carbon‐ and nitrogen‐rich conjugated polymer and subsequent potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) facilitated activation, catalysis and self‐generated template assisted carbonization strategy to construct nitrogen self‐doped honeycomb‐like porous carbon nanoframework (NHPC) with rich planar holes. By exploiting the advantages of the integral and interconnected honeycomb‐like carbon skeleton and rich planar holes (rapid ion/electron diffusion) and the efficient nitrogen doping (improved wettability), the NHPC possesses high specific capacitance of 288 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and outstanding rate performance. In addition, an aqueous symmetric supercapacitor fabricated from NHPC electrodes possesses widened potential window of 2.0 V, high energy density of 23.6 Wh kg−1 at 500 W kg−1, as well as excellent electrochemical stability (91.2 % capacitance retention after 20,000 cycles).
Green supply chain management, supplier environmental commitment, and the roles of supplier perceived relationship attractiveness and justice. A moderated moderation analysis
Authors: Qiao Jianqi , Li Suicheng , Capaldo Antonio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA key strategic challenge for buying firms is to extend environmental management across the supply chain. This requires a strong environmental commitment on the suppliers' side. Adopting the supplier perspective, this study employs regression analysis with bootstrapping procedures to examine a contingent causal process model of the influence that two major green supply chain management practices widely adopted by buying firms in their relationships with suppliers, t, environmental assessment and environmental collaboration, exert on supplier environmental commitment, and the moderating effects of supplier perceived relationship attractiveness and supplier perceived justice. Results from a survey of 237 Chinese suppliers across multiple industries reveal that, while environmental collaboration positively influences supplier environmental commitment, the impact of environmental assessment is not significant. However, our moderation analysis shows that supplier perceived relationship attractiveness has a positive moderating effect on the influence exerted on supplier environmental commitment by both environmental assessment and collaboration, and our moderated moderation analysis reveals that both the above moderating effects are in turn positively moderated by supplier perceived justice. Focusing on the role of suppliers' perceptions, the study sheds light on the psychological context of the suppliers' choice to commit to the environmental management initiatives of their buying counterparts.
Design and validation of a tunable inertial microfluidic system for the efficient enrichment of circulating tumor cells in blood
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pena Alejandro , Armendariz Estibaliz , Oyarbide Alvaro , Morales Xabier , Ortiz‐Espinosa Sergio , Ruiz‐Fernández de Córdoba Borja , Cochonneau Denis , Cornago Iñaki , Heymann Dominique , Argemi Josepmaría , D'Avola Delia , Sangro Bruno , Lecanda Fernando , Pio Ruben , Cortés‐Domínguez Iván , Ortiz‐de‐Solórzano Carlos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is a powerful noninvasive alternative to conventional tumor biopsy. Inertial‐based separation is a promising high‐throughput, marker‐free sorting strategy for the enrichment and isolation of CTCs. Here, we present and validate a double spiral microfluidic device that efficiently isolates CTCs with a fine‐tunable cut‐off value of 9 μm and a separation range of 2 μm. We designed the device based on computer simulations that introduce a novel, customized inertial force term, and provide practical fabrication guidelines. We validated the device using calibration beads, which allowed us to refine the simulations and redesign the device. Then we validated the redesigned device using blood samples and a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. Finally, as a proof of principle, we tested the device using peripheral blood from a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, isolating more than 17 CTCs/ml, with purity/removal values of 96.03% and 99.99% of white blood cell and red blood cells, respectively. These results confirm highly efficient CTC isolation with a stringent cut‐off value and better separation results than the state of the art.
Regulatory strategies for early device development and approval
Authors: Holmes David R. , Geoffrion Rick , Hunt Jon , Hance Robert ”Chip” , Leon Martin B. , Mack Michael J. , Kaplan Aaron V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of new technology to treat unmet clinical needs is an important component of modern cardiovascular disease. The need for this has been emphasized in the past several years beginning with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance document on Early Feasibility Studies in 2012 and then the 21st Century Cures legislation. A number of steps need to be considered in this process by the stakeholders involved including physician innovators and scientists, professional societies such as Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions, regulatory agencies, and medical device companies. This article focuses on the early iterative steps required to optimize the process and achieve the goal of timely efficient innovation and device development in cardiovascular disease.