bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Internal Validation of a Novel Pre-Transplant Biomarker Panel to Predict Mortality Following Liver Transplantation: The Liver Immune Frailty Index
Authors: Panayotova Guergana G. , Simonishvili Sopio , Nguyen Duc T. , Graviss Edward A. , Aware Nikita , Manner Carl J. , Minze Laurie J. , Ayorinde Tumininu , Qin Yong , Jin Lianhua , Moore Linda , Paterno Flavio , Saharia Ashish , Mobley Constance M. , Amin Arpit , Hobeika Mark J. , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos , Li Xian C. , Guarrera James V. , Ghobrial R. Mark , Lunsford Keri E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Cirrhosis-related immune dysfunction is well recognized and may contribute to early mortality following liver transplant (LT). The purpose of the present study was to identify pre-transplant biomarkers of immune dysfunction (i.e., immune frailty) that might accurately predict risk of early mortality following LT. Patient plasma was collected immediately prior to LT (T0) and analyzed via Luminex (N = 279). On multivariate analysis, HCV IgG, Fractalkine, and MMP3 were significant predictors of 1 year post-LT mortality and were utilized to comprise a novel Liver Immune Frailty Index (LIFI). The LIFI stratifies LT recipients into -low, -moderate, and –high risk tertiles. One year mortality was 1.5% for LIFI-low, 13.2% for LIFI-moderate, and 63.3% for LIFI-high. Internal validation through bootstrap resampling with 2000 replicates demonstrated the final LIFI model predicts early post-LT mortality with C-statistic = 0.84. This novel index may identify patients at risk for persistent severe immune dysfunction and early mortality following LT.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness analysis of community-based screening strategies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Forlano Roberta , Stanic Tijana , Jayawardana Sahan , Mullish Benjamin , Yee Michael , Mossialos Elias , Goldin Robert , Petta Salvatore , Tsochatzis Emmanouil , Thursz Mark , Manousou Pinelopi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background & Aims:
We investigated the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in primary care and developed a risk-stratification pathway. We also assessed the cost-utility of different screening strategies for NAFLD in the diabetic community.
Methods
Consecutive T2DM patients underwent screening for liver diseases, including liver stiffness measurement(LSM). Binary logistic was used to predict factors associated with significant fibrosis. We used independent predictors of significant and advanced fibrosis to generate a predictive score for this population (BIMAST),and validated it internally and externally. Five screening strategies were compared against standard of care (SOC): BIMAST score, ultrasound plus abnormal liver function tests, FIB-4, NAFLD fibrosis score, and fibroscan. A Markov model was built upon four health states based on fibrosis status. We generated the cost per quality-adjusted life year(QALY) gained and calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in the base-case analysis conducted over a lifetime horizon.
Results
Among 300 patients enrolled (287 included), 64% (186) had NAFLD and 10% (28) other causes of liver disease. Patients with significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis due to NAFLD accounted for 17% (50/287), 11% (31/287), and 3% (8/287), respectively. BIMAST score validation showed an excellent diagnostic performance in primary care improving false negatives from 38–10% compared to FIB-4. In the cost-utility analysis, ICER was £2,337.92/QALY for BIMAST and £2,480/QALY for fibroscan. When transition probabilities, utilities, screening effect, and cost inputs were modified, we found a > 99% probability of NAFLD screening tests being cost-effective compared to SOC in all evaluated scenarios.
Conclusion
Screening for NAFLD in diabetic patients in primary care is cost-effective and should become part of the holistic assessment in the community.
Fortified Confectionery Creams on Vegetable Oils with a Modified Carbohydrate Profile
Authors: Zaytseva Larisa , Ruban Natalia , Tsyganova Tatiana , Mazukabzova Ella 
Published: October 2022

The World Health Organization insists on limiting easily digestible carbohydrates, saturated fats, and trans-isomers of fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, formulations of high-calorie confectionery products have to be modified. The research objective was to develop confectionery creams with a modified carbohydrate profile and a reduced calorie content, fortified with omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibers.
The study featured a traditional formulation of butter cream and experimental samples of confectionery creams on vegetable oils with a modified carbohydrate profile. The research involved standard methods of assessing sensory and physicochemical properties of the control and experimental cream samples. The content of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers was estimated by enzymatic gravimetric method, while the content of tocopherols was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
The test samples of creams on vegetable oil with modified carbohydrate profile had a fiber content of 4.0–18.5 g/100 g, represented by oat bran powder with 28% beta-glucan, arabinogalactan, and inulin. The amount of omega-3 fatty acids was 0.2 g/100 g, and the fat content was 15–26%. Easily digestible carbohydrates were represented exclusively by lactose of milk powder (0.5–3.5 g/100 g of cream). The test creams were fortified with D-α-tocopherol acetate: 2.6–4.5 mg/50 g. The density of the resulting products was 0.75–0.90 g/cm3, which made it possible to use them both as independent desserts and as semi-products.
The developed confectionery creams complied with the legislation of the EurAsEC on food products fortified with dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. They can be labeled as sugar-free (≤ 0.5 g/100 g) or low sugar (≤ 5 g/100 g) products. Therefore, they are safe for customers with obesity and diabetes.
Cold Plasma Pretreatment in Plant Material Drying
Authors: Shorstkii Ivan 
Published: October 2022

Efficient production requires reliable scientific foundations for new energy-saving technologies and drying processes that are able to transform plant materials into functional products. Mathematical modeling and control can provide efficient drying of cold plasma pretreated plant materials and predict its results.
The present research featured raw potatoes and apples that underwent an electrophysical treatment by atmospheric pressure plasma in an air gas medium. The Luikov drying model served as the main model of heat and mass transfer as a system of coupled differential equations of humidity and temperature potentials. The mathematical modeling procedure and the program code were implemented in the MathCAD software.
The cold plasma pretreatment proved to decrease the drying time. A greater disintegration index resulted in a shorter total drying time. The mathematical modelling of the heat and mass transfer processes almost coincided with the experimental results. The analysis of kinetic transfer coefficients of heat, moisture, and pressure potentials made it possible to develop a control parameter of the drying process of plant materials enti tled as the disintegration index.
The proposed mathematical model explained the emerging effects, while the refined kinetic coefficients supported by experimental data clarified the processes in the drying material.
Detecting land surface water changes in the Upper Mzingwane sub-catchment using remotely sensed data
Authors: Chisadza Bright , Gwate Onalenna , Ncube France , Moyo Nkosinathi , Chiwara Phibion 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Globally, water is acknowledged as indispensable. It is essential for both human life and environmental needs. However, surface water resources are threatened by human and climatic influences, which may result in changes in size and density. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the normalised difference water index (NDWI), modified normalised difference water index (MNDWI) and automated water extraction index (AWEI) in detecting land surface water changes using Landsat satellite data. The results showed that the AWEI performed considerably better than the MNDWI and NDWI for extracting water surface area in the Upper Mzingwane sub-catchment, with an overall accuracy of 0.93 and a kappa coefficient of 0.82. The MNDWI and NDWI had overall accuracy/kappa values of 0.88/0.74 and 0.89/0.73, respectively. The AWEI can enhance surface water features while effectively suppressing or eliminating pollution and noise from surrounding vegetation and muddy soil. NDWI/MDWI water information is often mixed with pollution noise, vegetation and muddy soil, overestimating the area of water. All the applied indices indicate a progressive loss in the surface area of the water bodies in the sub-catchment. The decrease in water surface area could be a result of degradation, as it coincided with a decrease in vegetation cover and an increase in degraded areas. Future research needs to investigate the hydrological response of the sub-catchment to the potential influence of climate, variability, change, and land use land cover (LULC) changes.
Combined ultrasound cavitation and persulfate for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater
Authors: Pandya Karan , T. S. Anantha Singh , Kodgire Pravin , Simon Saji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years industrialization has caused magnificent leaps in the high profitable growth of pharmaceutical industries, and simultaneously given rise to environmental pollution. Pharmaceutical processes like extraction, purification, formulation, etc., generate a large volume of wastewater that contains high chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand, auxiliary chemicals, and different pharmaceutical substances or their metabolites in their active or inactive form. Its metabolites impart non-biodegradable toxic pollutants as a byproduct and intense color, which increases ecotoxicity into the water, thus this requires proper treatment before being discharged. This study focuses on the feasibility analysis of the utilization of ultrasound cavitation (20 kHz frequency) together with a persulfate oxidation approach for the treatment of complex pharmaceutical effluent. Process parameters like pH, amplitude intensity, oxidant dosage were optimized for COD removal applying response surface methodology-based Box–Behnken design. The optimum value observed for pH, amplitude intensity and oxidant dosage are 5, 20% and 100 mg/L respectively with 39.5% removal of COD in 60 min of fixed processing time. This study confirms that a combination of ultrasound cavitation and persulfate is a viable option for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater and can be used as an intensification technology in existing effluent treatment plants to achieve the highest amount of COD removal.
Targeting K-Ras Mutations Show Promise Towards Ending Ras’s
“Undruggable” Era
Authors: Adams Paul D. , Muhoza Djamali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
It has almost been 40 years since the Ras proteins were discovered as the first human
oncogenes. They remain among the most important genes for regulating mammalian cell growth and
are involved in more than a quarter of human cancers. Out of 167 members of the Ras superfamily, KRas
mutations are the most abundant in human cancers. Particularly, the K-Ras G12C mutations are
known to be involved in pancreatic, colon and lung cancers as well as leukemias. Though progress has
been made, approaches targeting Ras proteins for therapeutic purposes remain challenging. No drugs
treating Ras-related cancers are currently on the market. However, there is now renewed interest in the
Ras area, and newer approaches have highlighted the targeting of several types of tumors and treating
cancer patients. This review will summarize recent K-Ras drug candidates and approaches in the preclinical,
clinical and post-clinical pipelines that show promise for targeting and reducing Ras-related
tumors. Macromolecules such as mRNA vaccines, siRNA, and T-cell receptors that target Ras will also
be discussed. The newer molecules and the recent approaches to be discussed suggest that the
“undruggable” era of Ras proteins could be coming to an end.
Topical Application of Ascorbic Acid and its Derivatives: A Review
Considering Clinical Trials
Authors: Vasques Louise Idalgo , Vendruscolo Cristina Wöhlke , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The topical use of vitamin C has been explored for many decades
due to its antioxidant potential, whitening action, and the essential role it plays in
the synthesis and maintenance of collagen. As Ascorbic Acid (AA) is unstable, derivative
molecules and stabilization strategies have been explored to facilitate its incorporation
into dermatological products. Even though these molecules are already for sale,
there is still a shortage of scientific data regarding efficacy studies of these assets, especially
in vivo.

Objective:
The purpose of this review was to investigate and discuss issues regarding the
topical application of vitamin C and its most common derivatives, including the difficulties,
biases, and prospects for future clinical studies to better elucidate its effects.

Methods:
A literature review was carried out to select studies that evaluated the topical
use of ascorbic acid and/or its derivatives. The studies which are “fully available”, “in
vivo” and “in vitro”, were used as inclusion criteria.

Results:
Due to the instability of Ascorbic Acid, it is essential to study derivative
molecules that maintain or even improve their effectiveness in dermatological products.
Despite this, the studies of these derivatives presented in the scientific literature are mostly
in vitro. In recent years, it has been possible to observe an increase in in vivo efficacy
tests, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. However, they present very different
approaches and issues.

Conclusion:
Studies of stability, safety, adverse reactions, and especially in vivo efficacy
studies with a relevant number of subjects and standardized parameters are essential for
better elucidating the effects of the topical application of vitamin C derivatives in comparison
to ascorbic acid formulations for the skin.
Microbiota- Brain-Gut-Axis Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease: Potential Therapeutic
Effects of Probiotics
Authors: Raj Khadga , Singh Shamsher , Chib Shivani , Mallan Sudhanshu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common type of neurogenerative disease among middle-aged and older people, characterized by aggregation of alpha-synuclein and dopaminergic neuron loss. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a dynamic bidirectional communication network and is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. The aggregation of misfolded protein alpha-synuclein is a neuropathological characteristic of PD, originates in the gut and migrates to the central nervous system (CNS) through the vagus nerve and olfactory bulb. The change in the architecture of gut microbiota increases the level short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites, acting on the neuroendocrine system and modulating the concentrations of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, and other neurotransmitters. It also alters the vagus and intestinal signalling, influencing the brain and behaviour by activating microglia and systemic cytokines. Both experimental and clinical reports indicate the role of intestinal dysbiosis and microbiota host interaction in neurodegeneration. Probiotics are live microorganisms that modify the gut microbiota in the small intestine to avoid neurological diseases. Probiotics have been shown in clinical and preclinical studies to be effective in the treatment of PD by balancing the gut microbiota. In this article, we described the role of gut-microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. The article aims to explore the mechanistic strategy of gut-brain axis and its relation with motor impairment and the use of probiotics to maintain gut microbial flora and prevent PD-like symptoms.
Flavonoids From Stems and Leaves of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi Improve
Composited Aβ-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model Rats’ Memory
and Neuroplasticity Disorders
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Qian-qian , Ding Sheng-kai , Li Hong , Shang Ya-Zhen 
Published: October 2022

Aim:
To investigate the effects and mechanism of flavonoids from stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF) on the disorders in learning and memory and neuroplasticity induced by beta amyloid 25-35 (Aβ25-35) combined with aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and human recombinant transfer factor-β1 (RHTGF-β1) (composited Aβ) in rats.

Methods:
A rat Alzheimer's disease (AD) model was established by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 combined with AlCl3 and RHTGF-β1. The successful AD model of rats was screened with Morris water maze. The successful model rats were randomly divided into a model group and three doses of SSF treated group. The Morris water maze was used to detect the rats’ learning and memory abilities. The real-time fluorescence quantitative (qPCR) was applied to assay the mRNA expressions of CaM, CamkIV and Ferritin, as well as the neuroplasticity factors of HuB, HuC and HuD. The Western blotting was used to measure the protein expressions of CaM, CamkIV, HuB/D, HuC+HuD and Ferritin in CaM-CamkIV-CREB signal pathway.

Results:
Compared with sham group, the abilities of learning and memory in the model group were significantly impaired (P<0.01), and the mRNA or protein expressions of CaM, CamkIV, HuB, HuC, HuD, HuB/D, HuC+HuD and Ferritin in CaM-CamkIV-CREB signal pathway were abnormal changed in model group. However, the three doses of SSF can differently ameliorated the impaired learning and memory and regulate the abnormal expressions of mRNA or protein in rats’ CaM, CamkIV, HuB, HuC, HuD, HuB/D, HuC+HuD and Ferritin induced by composited Aβ.

Conclusion:
The improvement of SSF on the learning and memory disorder induced by composited Aβ is primarily derived from the positive regulation in CaM-CamkIV-CREB signal pathway and activation in neuroplasticity.
Apolipoprotein-mimetic Peptides: Current and Future Prospectives
Authors: Pande Abhay H. , Nankar Sunil A. , Ahmed Sakeel , Sharma Shyam Sunder 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides, mimicking the biological properties of apolipoproteins, have shown beneficial properties against various diseases (central and peripheral diseases) and have emerged as potential candidates for their treatments. Progress has been made from first-generation to second-generation apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides. Understanding these peptides from the first generation to second generation is discussed in this review. First, we discussed the first-generation apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides structural feature and their therapeutic potentials. Further, we discussed the development of second-generation apolipoprotein–mimetic peptides, like dual-domain peptides and bihelical peptides. We conclude with a discussion on the emergence of second-generation apolipoprotein-mimetic peptides as potential candidates in different preclinical and clinical studies.
Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrimidine-based CNS Agents
Authors: Nain Sumitra , Pant Swati 
Published: October 2022

Background:
In the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in CNS drug discovery, and various new CNS agents have been developed. Pyrimidine is an important scaffold in the area of medicinal chemistry. Recently, pyrimidine-containing compounds have been successfully designed as potent CNS agents. Substantial research has been carried out on pyrimidine-bearing compounds to treat different disorders of CNS in various animal models.

Methods:
Utilizing various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, the literature review was conducted. The specifics of significant articles were discussed with an emphasis on the potency of pyrimidines derivatives possessing CNS activity.

Results:
Recent papers indicating pyrimidine derivatives with CNS activity were incorporated into the manuscript. (46) to (50) papers included different pyrimidine derivatives as 5-HT agonist/antagonists, (62) to (67) as adenosine agonist/antagonist, (70) to (75) as anticonvulsant agents, (80) to (83) as cannabinoid receptor agonists, (102) to (103) as nicotinic and (110) as muscarinic receptor agonists. The remaining papers (113) to (114) represented pyrimidine-based molecular imaging agents.

Conclusion:
Pyrimidine and its derivatives have been studied in detail to evaluate their efficacy in overcoming multiple central nervous system disorders. The article covers the current updates on pyrimidine-based compounds as potent CNS and molecular imaging agents and will definitely provide a better platform for the development of potent pyrimidine-based CNS drugs in near future.
Isolated Natural Antioxidants as a new Possible Therapeutic Alternative
for the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: da Silva Matheus Vinicius Barbosa , da Silva Lima Maria Alessandra , de Farias Lizandra Henrique , dos Santos Vanessa Maria , de Queiroz Thyago Moreira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of arterial
hypertension, inducing direct effects on the vasculature, and contributing to endothelial dysfunction
and consequent impairment of vascular relaxation. Despite a large number of pharmacological
treatments available, intolerable side effects are reported, which makes the use of natural
antioxidants a promising and complementary alternative for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
From this perspective, the current review aims to investigate and characterize the main antioxidants
of natural origin for the treatment of hypertension. Antioxidants act in the inhibition or
extinction of chemical reactions involving free radicals and consequently reduce the occurrence of
damage caused by these cellular components. The main natural antioxidants for treating hypertension
include caffeic acid, ferulic acid, curcumin, apocynin, quercetin, lipoic acid, and lycopene.
The effects associated with these antioxidants, which make them therapeutic targets for decreasing
high blood pressure, include increased activation of antioxidant enzymes, stimulation of nitric oxide
bioavailability, and reduction in angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, arginase, and
NADPH oxidase, whose effects contribute to reducing oxidative stress, improving endothelial
function, and preventing cardiovascular dysfunctions. Thus, several products with antioxidant
properties that are available in nature and their application in the treatment of hypertension are described
in the literature. The therapeutic effects of these products seem to regulate several parameters
related to arterial hypertension, in addition to combating and preventing the deleterious effects
related to the disease.
Stem Cells: Therapeutic Implications in Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Resistance in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Patil Tejaswini , Rohiwal Sonali S. , Tiwari Arpita P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are transformed forms of normal stem cells within heterogeneous
mixture of cancer cells. These are mainly responsible for the recurrence of cancer after treatment because
of their ability to develop resistance against chemo and radiotherapy due to various factors such as activation
of signalling pathways important for self-renewal, DNA repair capacity, microenvironment and expression
of ABC transporters. Targeting these mechanisms as potential factors can eliminate CSCs, which
eventually decreases cancer recurrence. This review focuses on the characteristics of CSCs, their role in
the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy along with the therapeutic potential targets
for successful elimination of CSC population.