bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Machines for Creep and Creep-Rupture Tests
Authors: Manjoine M. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes two new creep-rupture machines. One combines eight conventional lever-arm creep machines into a single unit but with individual furnaces, controls, and recording equipment. The elongation of each test specimen is indicated by a revolution counter and can be read directly. The indicating counters for the eight specimens are brought to a single panel and photographed periodically to obtain a continuous record of the creep. The counters are driven by new extensometers which are attached to the test specimens. Two types of extensometers are used; one which gives readings over a 3-in. gage length in hundred thousandths of an inch for measuring small strains up to 2 per cent total strain, and a second extensometer which records in ten-thousandths inch for strains up to rupture. The second is a screw-driven creep-rupture machine in which the specimen is loaded through a stiff spring. A continuous elongation-time curve up to rupture is automatically recorded without the need of an extensometer on the test specimen. The machine has a capacity of 10 tons and occupies a floor space of only 15 × 15 in. It can also be used to make short-time tensile, constant-strain-rate, and relaxation tests. The latter test requires the use of an extensometer on the gage length of the test specimen. To illustrate the satisfactory operation of these machines, the results of creep-to-rupture tests on a cast 25 Cr 12 Ni alloy are presented. The data from these tests are summarized in “design curves” which serve to describe the behavior of a material at a given temperature.
Properties and Development of Papreg—A High-Strength Laminated Paper Plastic
Authors: Erickson E. C. O. , Mackin G. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Papreg the new paper-base laminate which has recently found application in aircraft and other strength structures resulted from research at the Forest Products Laboratory. Having more than twice the tensile strength and improved mechanical properties compared with the best earlier paper-base laminates, papreg also lends itself to low-pressure molding techniques and can be formed to moderate double curvature without special treatment. This paper reviews the development work, the characteristics, properties, and service experience with papreg.
Stress-Rupture Characteristics of Various Steels in Steam at 1200 F
Authors: Agnew J. T. , Hawkins G. A. , Solberg H. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Small tensile specimens made from low-carbon, carbon-moly, 2¼ Cr-1 Mo, 5 Cr-Mo-Si, 9 Cr-Mo-Si, 12 Cr, 18 Cr-8 Ni, 25 Cr-20 Ni, and 5 Cr-Mo-Ti steels were placed in a steam reaction chamber at 1200 F and stressed in tension for periods of time ranging from 10 hr to 7700 hr. Data were taken on time to rupture, elongation, reduction in area, depth of scale layer, effect of type of flow, and type and angle of fracture. A photomicrographic study was made of the ruptured specimens. The straight-line relationship between stress and time to rupture on log-log co-ordinates postulated by White, Clark, and Wilson for tests in air also holds for tests in steam.
Precision Tachometer for Use in Wind-Tunnel Testing
Authors: Fairley R. K. , Clark H. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The equipment described is a high-speed high-accuracy tachometer developed primarily to measure rotative speed during the power-testing of airplane models in wind tunnels by measuring the frequency of a tachometer generator. The frequency being measured is automatically compared with that of a tuning fork and indicated on an instrument having a scale length of 86 in.
Healthy diets, lifestyle changes and well-being during and after lockdown: longitudinal evidence from the West Midlands
Authors: van Rens Thijs , Hanson Petra , Oyebode Oyinlola , Walasek Lukasz , Barber Thomas M , Al-Khudairy Lena 
Published: December 2022

Background‘Lockdowns’ to control the spread of COVID-19 in the UK affected many aspects of life and may have adversely affected diets. We aimed to examine (1) the effect of lockdowns on fruit and vegetable consumption, as a proxy for healthy diets more generally, and on weight and well-being, (2) whether any subgroup was particularly affected and (3) the barriers and facilitators to a healthy diet in lockdown.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-method longitudinal study, involving an online survey of 1003 adults in the West Midlands, UK, 494 of whom were surveyed at two different points in time. Our first time point was during stringent COVID-19 lockdown and the second during a period of more relaxed restrictions. We asked quantitative questions about fruit and vegetable consumption; physical activity, sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index and well-being and qualitative questions about the reasons behind reported changes.ResultsWe find no evidence for decreased fruit and vegetable consumption during lockdown compared with afterwards. If anything, consumption increased by half a portion daily among women, particularly among those who normally have a long commute. This finding, combined with a significant increase in physical activity, suggests that behaviours were healthier during lockdown, consistent with higher self-reported health. However, well-being deteriorated markedly, and participants reported being heavier during the lockdown as well. Our qualitative data suggest that an abundance of resources (more time) supported higher fruit and vegetable consumption during lockdown, despite increased access issues.ConclusionsOur results may assuage concerns that lockdowns adversely affected diets. They may point to the impact of commuting on diet, particularly for women. We add longitudinal evidence to a growing body of literature on the adverse effect of lockdown on mental health.
Steroid-sparing effect of ciclosporin A 1 mg/mL: 5-year case series of 107 children and young people with vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Dahlmann-Noor Annegret Hella , Roberts Clare , Muthusamy Kirithika , Calder Virginia , Hingorani Melanie 
Published: December 2022

Background/aimsTo explore the steroid-sparing and other therapeutic effects of ciclosporin A (CsA) 1 mg/mL in the management of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).MethodsOpen retrospective single-group interventional consecutive cohort study (case series) of 107 children and young people (CYP) age 4.4–18 years with severe and/or recurrent VKC who were prescribed CsA 1 mg/mL between November 2015 and May 2021 at one institution. Review of electronic patient records, noting clinical indication for prescribing CsA 1 mg/mL, dosage prescribed at initiation and follow-up, impact on steroid usage before and after commencing CsA as well as adverse events and indications for discontinuation of treatment.ResultsThe median number of inflammatory episodes requiring treatment with topical corticosteroids fell from 3 (IQR 2–4) during the 12 months prior to CsA 1 mg/mL to 1 (IQR 0–3) during the 12 months after, excluding steroid prescriptions with the first CsA 1 mg/mL prescription (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, two tailed, p<0.01). In the 12-month period following initiation of CsA 1 mg/mL with concomitant prescription of topical corticosteroids (n=82), daily dosage of steroids was reduced in 79 (96.3%) and discontinued in 67 (81.7%). The median number of hospital clinic visits fell from 4 (IQR 3–5) to 3 (IQR 2–5) (Wilcoxon p<0.01). Adverse events leading to discontinuation of CsA 1 mg/mL within 12 months of starting included stinging (instillation site pain) (6/107, 5.6%) and skinrash (1/107, 0.9%).ConclusionCommercial preparations of CsA 1 mg/mL, licensed for severe VKC in CYP, significantly reduce the need for concomitant topical corticosteroids and hospital clinic visits. Adverse events which may lead to discontinuation are stinging and skin rash.
Survival and neurodevelopmental impairment of outborn preterm infants at 5.5 years of age: an EPIPAGE-2 prospective, matched study using multiple imputation
Authors: Jones Peter , Marchand-Martin Laetitia , Desplanches Thomas , Diguisto Caroline , Fresson Jeanne , Goffinet François , Dauger Stéphane , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Morgan Andrei Scott 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo determine whether birth outside a level-3 centre (outborn) is associated with a difference in the combined outcome of mortality or moderate-to-severe neurological impairment at 5.5 years of age compared with birth in a level-3 centre (inborn) when antenatal steroids and gestational age (GA) are accounted for.DesignIndividual matched study nested within a prospective cohort. Each outborn infant was matched using GA and antenatal steroids with a maximum of four inborns. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs before being adjusted using maternal and birth characteristics. Analyses were carried out after multiple imputation for missing data.SettingEPIPAGE-2 French national prospective cohort including births up to 34 weeks GA inclusive.PatientsOutborn and inborn control infants selected between 24 and 31 weeks GA were followed in the neonatal period and to 2 and 5.5 years. 3335 infants were eligible of whom all 498 outborns and 1235 inborn infants were included—equivalent to 2.5 inborns for each outborn.Main outcome measureSurvival without moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 5.5 years.ResultsChorioamnionitis, pre-eclampsia, caesarian birth and small-for-dates were more frequent among inborns, and spontaneous labour and antepartum haemorrhage among outborns. There was no difference in the main outcome measure at 5.5 years of age (adjusted OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.44); sensitivity analyses suggested improved outcomes at lower GAs for inborns.ConclusionIn this GA and steroid matched cohort, there was no difference in survival without moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment to 5.5 years of age between inborn and outborn very preterm children. This suggests steroids might be important in determining outcomes.
Molecular signatures of intrarenal complement receptorsC3AR1andC5AR1correlate with renal outcome in human lupus nephritis
Authors: Tampe Désirée , Hakroush Samy , Tampe Björn 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveLupus nephritis is one of the most common and serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis is a major cause of kidney failure in patients with SLE, attributed to increased morbidity and mortality. The in situ deposition of intrarenal immune complexes promotes the accumulation of inflammatory cells and causes kidney injury.MethodsWe here extracted transcriptome array datasets for expression of complement molecules in human lupus nephritis. Furthermore, we performed gene set enrichment analysis to identify molecular signatures associated with follow-up kidney function in lupus nephritis.ResultsWithin the glomerular compartment, intrarenal mRNA expression levels ofC3AR1(p=0.0333) andC5AR1(p=0.0167) correlated with treatment success reflected by kidney function recovery specifically in class III lupus nephritis, while no such association was observed in class II or class IV lupus nephritis. Interestingly, mRNA expression levels of either glomerularC3AR1orC5AR1resulted in identical gene set and signalling pathways enrichments in human lupus nephritis, including interferon signalling and signalling by interleukins. Direct comparison ofC3AR1andC5AR1confirmed a strong association between glomerular mRNA expression levels of both complement receptors (r=0.8955, p<0.0001).ConclusionsThis study provides additional insights into signalling pathways associated with intrarenal synthesis of complement components in lupus nephritis that might be also affected by targeted therapy of the complement system. These results require confirmation but may contribute to a personalised treatment approach in distinct classes of human lupus nephritis.
Plasma thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in adults with non-severe asthma: the EGEA study
Authors: Ibrahim Bakari , Achour Djamal , Zerimech Farid , de Nadai Patricia , Siroux Valerie , Tsicopoulos Anne , Matran Régis , Granger Vanessa , Nadif Rachel 
Published: December 2022

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine involved in severe asthma treatment, was never studied in non-severe asthma.Among 969 adults from a large epidemiological study, cross-sectional analyses showed that plasma TSLP levels were associated with increased age and BMI, male sex, smoking and high TSLP levels (one IQR increase) with current asthma and poor lung function. High TSLP levels were also associated with persistence of asthma attacks (aOR=2.14 (95% CI 1.23 to 3.72)) and dyspnoea (aOR=2.71 (95% CI 1.39 to 5.28)) 10 years later.Our results suggest that TSLP could be a cytokine of interest in non-severe asthma, and its determinants of circulating levels could be considered in asthma management.
Accelerating LHC event generation with simplified pilot runs and fast PDFs
Authors: Bothmann Enrico , Buckley Andy , Christidi Ilektra A. , Gütschow Christian , Höche Stefan , Knobbe Max , Martin Tim , Schönherr Marek 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoor computing efficiency of precision event generators for LHC physics has become a bottleneck for Monte-Carlo event simulation campaigns. We provide solutions to this problem by focusing on two major components of general-purpose event generators: The PDF evaluator and the matrix-element generator. For a typical production setup in the ATLAS experiment, we show that the two can consume about 80% of the total runtime. Using NLO simulations of $$pp\rightarrow \ell ^+\ell ^-+\text {jets}$$

p
p
→

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

+
jets

and $$pp\rightarrow t\bar{t}+\text {jets}$$

p
p
→
t

t

¯

+
jets

as an example, we demonstrate that the computing footprint of Lhapdf and Sherpa can be reduced by factors of order 10, while maintaining the formal accuracy of the event sample. The improved codes are made publicly available.
Stratigraphic expression of the human impacts in condensed deposits of the Northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Berensmeier Michaela , Tomašových Adam , Nawrot Rafał , Cassin Daniele , Zonta Roberto , Koubová Ivana , Zuschin Martin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Evaluating the history of human impacts on marine ecosystems based on sediment cores is challenging on shelves characterized by very slow sedimentation. To assess the stratigraphic expression of such impacts in the condensed deposits of an epicontinental sea, we analysed a 3 m-long core collected at 31 m water depth off the Po prodelta in the Northern Adriatic Sea by integrating geochronological (
14
C and
210
Pb), sedimentological, geochemical and palaeontological proxies. A depositional history of the last 10 000 years is expressed in four different facies: (1) alluvial floodplain, (2) transitional, shell-poor silts, (3) a condensed 30 cm-thick shell lag, and (4) a 10 cm-thick layer of distal prodelta silts comprising the last
c.
500 years. 10 000-year-old shells of
Lentidium mediterraneum
spread over the shell lag and prodelta sediments document onshore transport during the early Holocene sea-level rise.
Varicorbula gibba
shells are age-homogeneous within the subsurface shell lag, documenting decimetre-scale mixing by bioturbation in the past. However, in spite of low sedimentation rates, the organic and heavy metal enrichment, the increase in proportional abundance of benthic foraminifers preferring organic-rich sediments (
Nonionella
sp.), and the increase in size of molluscs (
V. gibba
) in the upper 10 cm formed by prodelta silts still detect the eutrophication in this region during the twentieth century. These eutrophication proxies are preserved in the stratigraphic record owing to temporarily increasing sedimentation rate and decreasing mixing depth.
The Prognostic Value of B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis Without Heart Failure: Insights From ILLUMINATE‐CS
Authors: Miyakuni Shota , Maeda Daichi , Matsue Yuya , Yoshioka Kenji , Dotare Taishi , Sunayama Tsutomu , Nabeta Takeru , Naruse Yoshihisa , Kitai Takeshi , Taniguchi Tatsunori , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okumura Takahiro , Baba Yuichi , Matsumura Akihiko , Minamino Tohru 
Published: December 2022

Background
The prognostic role of BNP (B‐type natriuretic peptide) in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis without evident heart failure is unknown.

Methods and Results

This is a post hoc analysis of ILLUMINATE‐CS (Illustration of the Management and Prognosis of Japanese Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis), a multicenter, retrospective, and observational study that evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. We analyzed patients with cardiac sarcoidosis without evident heart failure at the time of diagnosis. The association between baseline BNP levels and prognosis was investigated. The primary end point was the combined end point of all‐cause death, heart failure hospitalization, and fatal ventricular arrhythmia. In total, 238 patients (61.0±11.1 years, 37% men) were analyzed, and 61 primary end points were observed during a median follow‐up period of 3.0 (interquartile range, 1.7–5.8) years. Patients with high BNP (BNP above the median value of BNP) were older and had a lower renal function and left ventricular ejection fraction than those with low BNP values. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis indicated that high BNP levels were significantly associated with a high incidence of primary end points (log‐rank
P
=0.004), and this association was retained even in multivariable Cox regression (hazard ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.19–3.55];
P
=0.010). Log‐transformed BNP as a continuous variable was associated with the primary end point (hazard ratio, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.31–3.43];
P
=0.002).

Conclusions
High baseline BNP level was an independent predictor of future adverse events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis without heart failure at the time of diagnosis.

Registration

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/english/
; Unique Identifier: UMIN‐CTR: UMIN000034974.
Core Infrastructure and Manufacturing Activity in the Indian States: Does the Income Group Matter?
Authors: Arora Rochna , Kaur Baljit 
Published: December 2022

Taking the data for 17 Indian states for the period running 1991–2017, the study investigates relationship between infrastructure and manufacturing value added at the overall as well as segregated levels to study the spatial differences. Preliminary tests of cross-section dependence point to the existence of dependence among the cross sections after which second-generation testing procedures are applied. Spatial differential impact of infrastructure on the performance of manufacturing activity is estimated using fixed/random effect modelling. The empirical results show that infrastructure index exerts positive and significant impact on the manufacturing performance with estimate of 0.20 for all states in India and 0.49 for high-income states. Similarly, individual components of infrastructure influence manufacturing activity differently. Road infrastructure is influencing manufacturing performance negatively in high-income states while it is positive for other states; teledensity exerts positive influence in case of middle-income states while the impact is negative in case of low-income states. Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s causality test shows bidirectional causality from infrastructure to manufacturing output. JEL Codes: D02, E62, H54, L94, L96
Navigating the micro-politics of major system change: The implementation of Sustainability Transformation Partnerships in the English health and care system
Authors: Waring Justin , Bishop Simon , Black Georgia , Clarke Jenelle M , Exworthy Mark , Fulop Naomi J , Hartley Jean , Ramsay Angus , Roe Bridget 
Published: December 2022

Objective To investigate how health and care leaders navigate the micro-politics of major system change (MSC) as manifest in the formulation and implementation of Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships (STPs) in the English National Health Service (NHS). Methods A comparative qualitative case study of three STPs carried out between 2018–2021. Data collection comprised 72 semi-structured interviews with STP leaders and stakeholders; 49h of observations of STP executive meetings, management teams and thematic committees, and documentary sources. Interpretative analysis involved developing individual and cross case reports to understand the ‘disagreements, ‘people and interests’ and the ‘skills, behaviours and practice’. Findings Three linked political fault-lines underpinned the micro-politics of formulating and implementing STPs: differences in meaning and value, perceptions of winners and losers, and structural differences in power and influence. In managing these issues, STP leaders engaged in a range of complementary strategies to understand and reconcile meanings, appraise and manage risks and benefits, and to redress longstanding power imbalances, as well as those related to their own ambiguous position. Conclusion Given the lack of formal authority and breadth of system change, navigating the micro-politics of MSC requires political skills in listening and engagement, strategic appraisal of the political landscape and effective negotiation and consensus-building.
Physical Exercise Exerts Neuroprotective Effect on Memory Impairment by Mitigate the Decline of Striatum Catecholamine and Spine Density in a Vascular Dementia Rat Model
Authors: Ren Hangzhou , Zhang Zhongyuan , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: December 2022

Objective The present study aims to investigate the underlying neurochemical mechanism of physical exercise on striatum synapsis and memory function in vascular dementia model. Methods 32 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C group, n = 6), vascular dementia group (Vascular dementia group, n = 7), physical exercise and vascular dementia group (Exe-VD group, n = 6), physical exercise and black group (Exe group, n = 6). 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running were used as pre-exercise training. Vascular dementia model was established by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo) for 1 week. Passive avoidance test (PAT) were used to test memory function. The level of striatum catecholamine in the microdialysate were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assy (ELISA). Golgi staining was used to analyze striatum neuronal spine density. Results Behavioral data indicated that 4 weeks of physical exercise ameliorated memory impairment in vascular dementia model. Striatum catecholamine level significantly decreased in VD group when compared with C group ( P < .001). But this phenomenon can be rescue by physical exercise ( P < .001). In addition, compared with C group, neuronal spine density significantly decreased in VD group ( P < .01), but 4 weeks of physical exercise can rescue this phenomenon ( P < .05). Conclusion 4 weeks of physical exercise improves memory function by mitigate the decline of striatum catecholamine and spine density in VD model.