bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of fluconazole susceptibility to Candida albicans by MALDI-TOF MS and real-time PCR for CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11
Authors: Maenchantrarath Chanika , Khumdee Pradchama , Samosornsuk Seksun , Mungkornkaew Narissara , Samosornsuk Worada 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
C. albicans is a pathogenic yeast that is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans. Unfortunately, the yeast’s resistance to the antifungal medication fluconazole (FLC) is increasing; furthermore, testing its susceptibility to FLC by conventional methods takes time, resulting in treatment failure. The susceptibility of C. albicans to FLC was investigated using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Real-time PCR tests for CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11. Overall, 32 C. albicans strains made up of four reference strains (three FLC susceptible [S] and one FLC resistant [R], one spontaneous mutant strain [FLC susceptible-dose-dependent (SDD)] and 27 clinical strains obtained from two Thai University Hospitals) were tested for susceptibility to FLC. The following tests were performed: SensititreYeastOne and broth microdilution method, FLC resistant expression mechanism by Real-time PCR, and the major peak determination by MALDI-TOF MS.

Results
The change of CDR1 and CDR2 mRNA expression was only significantly observed in SDD and R strains. MALDI-TOF MS was performed after incubation for six hours; the change of mass spectral intensity at range 3376–3382 m/z (major peak) was significantly related to FLC susceptibility as SDD (decreased at 4 µg/mL and increased at 8 µg/mL), S (all increased), and R (all slightly decreased or no change). All 27 clinical strains showed FLC minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC range 0.25-2 µg/mL), no change in CDR1 and CDR2 expression and S major peak type. The FLC resistant C. albicans with CDR1and CDR2 expression may possibly affect the change of mass spectral intensity at range 3376–3382 m/z.

Conclusions
The MALDI-TOF MS may be used to simultaneously classify and predict FLC resistant C. albicans strains associated with CDR1 and CDR2 expression. Further studies are essential to clarify the methodology and improve the reliability of this assay for routine diagnosis.
Fun and a meaningful routine: the experience of physical activity in people with dementia
Authors: Telenius Elisabeth Wiken , Tangen Gro Gujord , Eriksen Siren , Rokstad Anne Marie Mork 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity is important to health and wellbeing. People with dementia are less physically active than their cognitively healthy counterparts. Reasons for this are multifaceted, and are thought to be social, psychological, and physiological. People with dementia often use services such as home care, day care centres and nursing home, and according to the stage of disease they are less or more dependent on other people to take part in activities. To develop appropriate services to this patient group, their needs and preferences regarding physical activity must be recognized. The aim of the study was therefore to provide insight into experiences with physical activity in people with dementia.MethodsThe current study is part of a larger research project on needs in people with dementia. The main project included qualitative semi-structured interviews with 35 persons with dementia. 27 of the participants talked about their experience with physical activity. In the current study, the relevant findings on this theme were analysed separately. A phenomenological hermeneutic research design was applied.ResultsThe analysis revealed three main categories regarding experiences with physical activity. To be physically active providedpositive experiencessuch as feelings of mastering and post-exercise euphoria. To be physically active wasmeaningful. The daily walk was an important routine to many, and it gave meaningful content to the day. Keeping up with activities confirmed identity. Lastly, to be active was perceived aschallenging. Participants described different barriers to being physically active such as a decline of physical function, lack of motivation and being dependent on others to go out.ConclusionsMany of the participants expressed that being physically active was important to them. It is essential that informal and formal carers are aware of the role physical activity plays in the lives of many people with dementia, so that appropriate measures can be taken to assure continued active living in order to preserve health and quality of life.
Decreased survival in children inpatients with COVID-19 and antibiotic prescription
Authors: Murillo-Zamora Efrén , Trujillo Xóchitl , Huerta Miguel , Ríos-Silva Mónica , Lugo-Radillo Agustin , Mendoza-Cano Oliver 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The empirical prescription of antibiotics to inpatients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequent despite uncommon bacterial coinfections. Current knowledge of the effect of antibiotics on the survival of hospitalized children with COVID-19 is limited.

Objective
To characterize the survival experience of children with laboratory-positive COVID-19 in whom antibiotics were prescribed at hospital admission.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Mexico, with children hospitalized due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to December 2021. Data from 1601 patients were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test. We computed hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the effect of the analyzed exposures on disease outcomes.

Results
Antibiotics were prescribed to 13.2% ($$n$$
n
= 211) of enrolled children and a higher mortality rate [14.9 (95% CI 10.1–19.8) vs. 8.3 (95% CI 6.8–9.8)] per 1000 person-days, $$p$$
p
< 0.001) was found among them. At any given cut-off, survival functions were lower in antibiotic-positive inpatients ($$p$$
p
< 0.001). In the multiple model, antibiotic prescription was associated with a 50% increase in the risk of fatal outcome (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01–2.22). A longer interval between illness onset and healthcare-seeking and pneumonia at hospital admission was associated with a poorer prognosis.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that antibiotic prescription in children hospitalized due to COVID-19 is associated with decreased survival. If later replicated, these findings highlight the need for rational antibiotics in these patients.
Emotion regulation and drunkorexia behaviors among Lebanese adults: the indirect effects of positive and negative metacognition
Authors: Azzi Vanessa , Bianchi Dora , Pompili Sara , Laghi Fiorenzo , Gerges Sarah , Akel Marwan , Malaeb Diana , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Although metacognition processes are a core feature of restrictive eating and alcohol cravings and entail an individual to control both of his/her emotions and thoughts, yet, to our knowledge, a scarcity of research has examined their potential role in drunkorexia as cognitive and emotional predictors. The following study investigates the different associations between two emotion regulation strategies (i.e. emotional suppression and cognitive reappraisal) and drunkorexia behaviors in a sample of Lebanese adults, exploring the possible indirect effects of positive and negative alcohol-related metacognitions.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 335 participants (March-July 2021).

Results
Higher problematic alcohol use (beta = 5.56), higher physical activity index (beta = 0.08), higher expressive suppression (beta = 0.23), higher negative metacognitive beliefs about cognitive harm due to drinking (beta = 0.75) and higher cognitive reappraisal (beta = 0.20) were significantly associated with more drunkorexic behaviors. The positive metacognitive beliefs about cognitive self-regulation significantly mediated the association between cognitive reappraisal and drunkorexia behaviors. Both the positive metacognitive beliefs about cognitive self-regulation and the negative metacognitive beliefs about the uncontrollability of drinking significantly mediated the association between expressive suppression and drunkorexia behaviors.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that emotional and metacognitive processes are associated with drunkorexia, addressing as well the mediating effect between deficient emotional regulation and risky behavioral patterns. Overall, our results would speculate that the lack of emotional and cognitive assets might enhance internal distress perceived out of control, leading individuals to indulge in maladaptive behavioral patterns for managing the underlying impairment.
Clinical evaluation of usefulness and effectiveness of sitting type continuous passive motion machines in patients with total knee arthroplasty: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Byung Chan , Moon Chang Won , Choi Woo Sung , Kim Young Mo , Joo Yong Bum , Lee Da Gyo , Lee Sook Joung , Choi Eun Seok , Ji Jong Hun , Suh Dong Whan , Cho Kang Hee 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an important management strategy for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) refractory to conservative management. Postoperative range of motion (ROM) exercise is important to recover patients’ activities of daily living. Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a machine that provides passive ROM exercises of the knee joint in a pre-defined arc of motion. The short- and long-term effects of CPM exercise are controversial. We hypothesized that the inconsistent results of the CPM exercise are due to poor fitting of CPM machines and measurement errors. This study aims to present a protocol for investigating a new type of CPM machine that could be applied in a sitting position in comparison with the conventional type of CPM machine for patients with unilateral TKAs.

Methods
This study presents the protocol of a prospective, multicenter, single-blinded, three-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT). One hundred and twenty-six patients receiving unilateral TKAs will be recruited at the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of two urban tertiary medical hospitals. The patients were randomly divided into three groups with a 1:1:1 allocation. The intervention group will receive two weeks of post-operative rehabilitation using a new type of CPM machine. The control group will receive 2 weeks of post-operative rehabilitation using conventional CPM machines. The third group will receive post-operative rehabilitation with both types of CPM machines. The primary outcome will be the change in the passive ROM of the affected knee joint from baseline to 2 weeks after baseline assessment. The secondary outcomes will be pain and functional measurements, and will include patient-reported outcomes and performance tests surveyed at multiple time points up to 3 months after TKA.

Discussion
This is the first RCT to investigate the effect of a new type of CPM machine. The results of this RCT will determine whether the position of the patients during CPM exercise is important in post-operative rehabilitation protocols after TKAs and will provide evidence for the development of proper rehabilitation guidelines after TKAs.

Trial registration
Clinical Research Information Service of Republic of Korea, KCT0005520, Registered on 21 October 2020, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/21750
An evaluation of the efficacy of percutaneous reduction and screw fixation without bone grafting in Sanders Type-II and Type-III displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures
Authors: Luo Gang , Fan Chongyin , Gao Peili , Huang Wei , Ni Weidong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this retrospective monocentric study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous reduction and screw fixation without bone grafting in Sanders Type-II and Type-III displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs).

Methods
The medical records of calcaneal fractures patients who were admitted to our department from January 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and those meeting the inclusion criteria were fnally included for analysis. All patients were treated with percutaneous reduction and screw fixation, and no patients received bone grafting. The radiologic parameters evaluated included the BÖhler angle and the calcaneal height. In addition, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scores, Maryland Foot Score (MFS), and visual analog scale (VAS) score were determined.

Results
Thirty-eight patients with Sanders Type-II and Type-III DIACFs were finally included, including 30 males and 8 females aged 21 to 61 years [(42.6 ± 9.6) years]. According to the Essex-Lopresti classification, 27 of the fractures were the tongue type, and 11 were the joint compression type. According to the Sanders classification, 27 of the fractures were type II, and 11 were type III. Immediately postoperatively, the calcaneal height had recovered to 39.8 ± 2.1 mm, the BÖhler angle had recovered from 4.2° ± 13.6° preoperatively to 27.2° ± 3.4° (P = 0.000). All patients were followed up for 18–42 months [(25.2 ± 9.5) months]. All fractures healed. No differences were found in the outcome measures six-months postoperatively (BÖhler angle, p = 0.24; calcaneal height, p = 0.82) or at final follow-up (BÖhler angle, p = 0.33; calcaneal height, p = 0.28) compared to the immediately postoperative values. At the final follow-up, the AOFAS score was 91.7 ± 7.4 points, with an excellent and good rate of 92.1%; the MFS was 90.3 ± 7.8 points, with an excellent and good rate of 92.1%; and the VAS score was 2.2 ± 1.5 points. None of the patients had incision complications, and one patient developed traumatic arthritis.

Conclusion
Percutaneous reduction and screw fixation without bone grafting in Sanders Type-II and Type-III DIACFs can achieve good recovery and maintenance of the BÖhler angle and calcaneal height. Moreover, it has the advantage of a low complication rate.
Critical shoulder angle and failure of conservative treatment in patients with atraumatic full thickness rotator cuff tears
Authors: Meissner-Haecker Arturo , Contreras Julio , Valenzuela Alfonso , Delgado Byron , Taglioni Angelinni , De Marinis Rodrigo , Calvo Claudio , Soza Francisco , Liendo Rodrigo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Atraumatic full thickness rotator cuff tears (AFTRCT) are common lesions whose incidence increases with age. Physical therapy is an effective conservative treatment in these patients with a reported success rate near 85% within 12 weeks of treatment. The critical shoulder angle (CSA) is a radiographic metric that relates the glenoid inclination with the lateral extension of the acromion in the coronal plane. A larger CSA has been associated with higher incidence of AFTRCT and a higher re-tear rate after surgical treatment. However, no study has yet described an association between a larger CSA and failure of conservatory treatment in ARCT. The main objective of this study is to determine whether there is an association between CSA and failure of physical therapy in patients with AFTRCT.

Methods
We reviewed the imaging and clinical records of 48 patients (53 shoulders), 60% female, with a mean age of 63.2 years (95% CI ± 10.4 years); treated for AFTRCT who also underwent a true anteroposterior radiograph of the shoulder within a year of diagnosis of the tear. We recorded demographic (age, sex, type of work), clinical (comorbidities), and imaging data (CSA, size and location of the tear). We divided the patients into two groups according to success or failure of conservative treatment (indication for surgery), so 21 shoulders (39.6%) required surgery and were classified as failure of conservative treatment.
Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to detect predictors of failure of conservative treatment.

Results
The median CSA was 35.5º with no differences between those with failure (median 35.5º, range 29º to 48.2º) and success of conservative treatment (median 35.45º, range 30.2º to 40.3º), p = 0.978.
The multivariate analysis showed a younger age in patients with failure of conservative treatment (56.14 ± 9.2 vs 67.8 ± 8.4, p < 0.001) and that male gender was also associated with failure of conservative treatment (57% of men required surgery vs 28% of women, p = 0.035).

Conclusions
It is still unclear if CSA does predict failure of conservative treatment. A lower age and male gender both could predicted failure of conservative treatment in AFTRCT. Further research is needed to better address this subject.
Human resource management in Ethiopian public hospitals
Authors: Gile Philipos Petros , van de Klundert Joris , Buljac-Samardzic Martina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In Ethiopia, public hospitals deal with a persistent human resource crisis, even by Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) standards. Policy and hospital reforms, however, have thus far resulted in limited progress towards addressing the strategic human resource management (SHRM) challenges Ethiopia’s public hospitals face.

Methods
To explore the contextual factors influencing these SHRM challenges of Ethiopian public hospitals, we conducted a qualitative study based on the Contextual SHRM framework of Paauwe. A total of 19 structured interviews were conducted with Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and HR managers from a purposive sample of 15 hospitals across Ethiopia. An additional four focus groups were held with professionals and managers.

Results
The study found that hospitals compete on the supply side for scarce resources, including skilled professionals. There was little reporting on demand-side competition for health services provided, service quality, and service innovation. Governmental regulations were the main institutional mechanism in place. These regulations also emphasized human resources and were perceived to tightly regulate employee numbers, salaries, and employment arrangements at detailed levels. These regulations were perceived to restrict the autonomy of hospitals regarding SHRM. Regulation-induced differences in allowances and external employment arrangements were among the concerns that decreased motivation and job satisfaction and caused employees to leave. The mismatch between regulation and workforce demands posed challenges for leadership and caused leaders to be perceived as incompetent and unable when they could not successfully address workforce needs.

Conclusions
Bottom-up involvement in SHRM may help resolve the aforementioned persistent problems. The Ethiopian government might better loosen regulations and provide more autonomy to hospitals to develop SHRM and implement mechanisms that emphasize the quality of the health services demanded rather than the quantity of human resources supplied.
Donor notification of permanent deferral: a qualitative study on the perceptions and practices of notifier and blood donor in Mexico
Authors: Serrano-Delgado V Moisés , Valdez-Martínez Edith , Márquez-González Horacio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Informing about permanent deferral requires a process that links the notifier with the donor in a particular way. Little is known about the type of information and how it is disclosed to the donors. The current study aimed to examine perceptions and practices of notifier and blood donor within the framework of the notification process of permanent deferral and from the perspective of the notifier―blood donor relationship.

Methods
A qualitative study with in-depth interviews. The participants were 13 notifiers and 25 permanently deferred donors. Participants were recruited from a national blood bank and a state’s blood bank. The entire dataset/narratives were analysed using the method of thematic analysis.

Results
The disclosure of permanent deferral was understood as a matter of disclosing the serological test results and their medical meaning along with a concise explanation of the deferral status with regard to future blood donation and the plan to be followed. The notifiers preferred to act in accordance with the standard protocol despite acknowledging the adverse psychological and social effects to which donors are exposed when they are informed of the possible disease and the consequent permanent deferral. Donors described a variety of psychological and social affectations. They valued honesty in the communication, the clarity of the information provided and a greater involvement of the notifier.

Conclusion
Even though the notification process does not imply that medical care is being offered to donors, the notifier is the administrator of the well-being of the donor. Notification must not be considered as something apart from care, since it is intimately related to the health of each of the donors and their medical care.
Chinese adult segmentation according to health skills and analysis of their use for smart home: a cross-sectional national survey
Authors: He Feiying , Wu Yibo , Yang Jiao , Chen Keer , Xie Jingyu , Tuersun Yusupujiang , Li Lehuan , Wu Fangjing , Kan Yifan , Deng Yuqian , Zhao Liping , Chen Jingxi , Sun Xinying , Liao Shengwu , Chen JiangYun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDigital health has become a heated topic today and smart homes have received much attention as an important area of digital health. Smart home is a device that enables automation and remote control in a home environment via the internet. However, most of the existing studies have focused on discussing the impact of smart home on people. Only few studies have focused on relationship between health skills and use of smart home.AimsTo analyze the health skills of Chinese adults and segment them to compare and analyze the use of smart home for each group.MethodsWe used data from 11,031 participants aged 18 and above. The population was clustered based on five health skills factors: perceived social support, family health, health literacy, media use, and chronic diseases self-behavioral management. A total of 23 smart homes were categorized into three sub-categories based on their functions: entertainment smart home, functional smart home, and health smart home. We analyzed demographic characteristics and utilization rate of smart home across different cluster. Each groups’ features and the differences in their needs for smart home functions were compared and analyzed.ResultsAs a result of the survey on health skills, three groups with different characteristics were clustered: good health skills, middle health skills, and poor health skills. The utilization rate of smart home was the highest was good health skills group (total smart home: 92.7%; entertainment smart home: 61.1%, functional smart home: 77.4%, and health smart home: 75.3%;P< 0.001). For entertainment smart home, smart TV had the highest utilization rate (good health skills: 45.7%; middle health skills: 43.5%, poor health skills: 33.4%, P < 0.001). For functional smart home, smart washing machine (good health skills: 37.7%, middle health skills: 35.11%, poor health skills: 26.5%;P < 0.001) and smart air conditioner (good health skills: 36.0%, middle health skills: 29.1%, poor health skills: 24.6%) were higher than other of this category. For health smart home, sports bracelet has the highest utilization rate (good health skills: 37.3%, middle health skills: 24.5%, poor health skills: 22.8%).ConclusionPeople can be divided into different categories based on health skill profiles, those with good health skills had a better utilization rate of smart home. The government and smart home companies need to focus on people with poor smart home use in various ways to promote their use of smart homes for personal health management.