bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered reward and effort processing in children with maltreatment experience: a potential indicator of mental health vulnerability
Authors: Armbruster-Genç Diana J. N. , Valton Vincent , Neil Louise , Vuong Vivien , Freeman Ze , Packer Katy C. , Kiffin Marianne J. , Roiser Jonathan P. , Viding Essi , McCrory Eamon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this longitudinal study of children and adolescents with a documented history of maltreatment, we investigated the impact of maltreatment on behavioral and neural indices of effort-based decision making for reward and examined their associations with future internalizing symptoms. Thirty-seven children with a documented history of maltreatment (MT group) and a carefully matched group of 33 non-maltreated children (NMT group) aged 10–16, completed an effort-based decision-making task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Internalizing symptoms were assessed at baseline and again 18 months later. Computational models were implemented to extract individual estimates of reward and effort sensitivity, and neural signals during decision-making about different levels of reward and effort were analyzed. These were used to predict internalizing symptoms at follow-up. We identified lower effort-related activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a prespecified region-of-interest, in the MT relative to the NMT group. No group differences were observed in the striatum, or in behavioral indices of reward and effort processing. Lower effort-related ACC activation significantly predicted elevated internalizing symptoms at follow-up in the MT group. These findings suggest that disrupted effort-related activation may index latent vulnerability to mental illness in children who have experienced maltreatment.
Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future directions
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Nanxi , Zhang Wenping , Cheng Xurui , Yan Zhibin , Shao Gang , Wang Xi , Wang Rui , Fu Caiyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and modified using both chemical and biological methods, together with novel design and delivery strategies, which have helped to overcome the inherent drawbacks of peptides and have allowed the continued advancement of this field. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, covering multiple therapeutic areas. This review summarizes the efforts and achievements in peptide drug discovery, production, and modification, and their current applications. We also discuss the value and challenges associated with future developments in therapeutic peptides.
Evolution of biofilm-adapted gene expression profiles in lasR-deficient clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
Authors: Jeske Alexander , Arce-Rodriguez Alejandro , Thöming Janne G. , Tomasch Jürgen , Häussler Susanne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe overall success of a pathogenic microbe depends on its ability to efficiently adapt to challenging conditions in the human host. Long-term evolution experiments track and predict adaptive trajectories and have contributed significantly to our understanding of the driving forces of bacterial adaptation. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study instead of long-term longitudinal evolution experiments. We analyzed the transcriptional profiles as well as genomic sequence variations of a large number of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that have been recovered from different infected human sites. Convergent changes in gene expression patterns were found in different groups of clinical isolates. The majority of repeatedly observed expression patterns could be attributed to a defective lasR gene, which encodes the major quorum-sensing regulator LasR. Strikingly, the gene expression pattern of the lasR-defective strains appeared to reflect a transcriptional response that evolves in a direction consistent with growth within a biofilm. In a process of genetic assimilation, lasR-deficient P. aeruginosa isolates appear to constitutively express a biofilm-adapted transcriptional profile and no longer require a respective environmental trigger. Our results demonstrate that profiling the functional consequences of pathoadaptive mutations in clinical isolates reveals long-term evolutionary pathways and may explain the success of lasR mutants in the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa in a clinical context.
Quantum emulation of topological magneto-optical effects using ultracold atoms
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Wang Z. D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMagneto-optical effect is a fundamental but broad concept in magnetic mediums. Here we propose a scheme for its quantum emulation using ultracold atoms. By representing the light-medium interaction in the quantum-emulation manner, the artificial magneto-optical effect emerges under an entirely different mechanism from the conventional picture. The underlying polarization state extracted in the synthetic dimension displays a different response to various experimental setups. Notably, the magneto-optical rotation is related to the bulk topology in synthetic dimensions, and thus provides an unambiguous evidence for the desired topological magneto-optical effect, which has not been developed hitherto in ultracold atoms. This scheme is simple and feasible, and can be realized by current experimental techniques. The implementation of the scheme is able to offer an intriguing platform for exploring topological magneto-optical effects and associated physics.
Structure of a thylakoid-anchored contractile injection system in multicellular cyanobacteria
Authors: Weiss Gregor L. , Eisenstein Fabian , Kieninger Ann-Katrin , Xu Jingwei , Minas Hannah A. , Gerber Milena , Feldmüller Miki , Maldener Iris , Forchhammer Karl , Pilhofer Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractContractile injection systems (CISs) mediate cell–cell interactions by phage tail-like structures, using two distinct modes of action: extracellular CISs are released into the medium, while type 6 secretion systems (T6SSs) are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane and function upon cell–cell contact. Here, we characterized a CIS in the multicellular cyanobacterium Anabaena, with features distinct from extracellular CISs and T6SSs. Cryo-electron tomography of focused ion beam-milled cells revealed that CISs were anchored in thylakoid membrane stacks, facing the cell periphery. Single particle cryo-electron microscopy showed that this unique in situ localization was mediated by extensions of tail fibre and baseplate components. On stress, cyanobacteria induced the formation of ghost cells, presenting thylakoid-anchored CISs to the environment. Functional assays suggest that these CISs may mediate ghost cell formation and/or interactions of ghost cells with other organisms. Collectively, these data provide a framework for understanding the evolutionary re-engineering of CISs and potential roles of these CISs in cyanobacterial programmed cell death.
Organic materials repurposing, a data set for theoretical predictions of new applications for existing compounds
Authors: Omar Ömer H. , Nematiaram Tahereh , Troisi Alessandro , Padula Daniele 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a data set of 48182 organic semiconductors, constituted of molecules that were prepared with a documented synthetic pathway and are stable in solid state. We based our search on the Cambridge Structural Database, from which we selected semiconductors with a computational funnel procedure. For each entry we provide a set of electronic properties relevant for organic materials research, and the electronic wavefunction for further calculations and/or analyses. This data set has low bias because it was not built from a set of materials designed for organic electronics, and thus it provides an excellent starting point in the search of new applications for known materials, with a great potential for novel physical insight. The data set contains molecules used as benchmarks in many fields of organic materials research, allowing to test the reliability of computational screenings for the desired application, “rediscovering” well-known molecules. This is demonstrated by a series of different applications in the field of organic materials, confirming the potential for the repurposing of known organic molecules.
A 14-year time series of marine megafauna bycatch in the Italian midwater pair trawl fishery
Authors: Bonanomi Sara , Moro Fabrizio , Colombelli Alessandro , Pulcinella Jacopo , Fortuna Caterina Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFisheries bycatch is recognised as a global threat to vulnerable marine megafauna and historical data can contribute to quantify the magnitude of the impact. Here, we present a collection of three datasets generated between 2006 and 2019 by a monitoring programme on marine megafauna bycatch in one of the main Italian fisheries, the northern central Adriatic midwater pair trawl fishery. The three datasets consist of: (i) monitored fishing effort; (ii) bycatch and biological data of dolphins, sea turtles and elasmobranchs; (iii) and dolphin sightings. Some information included in these datasets has already proved to provide a unique opportunity to estimate total incidental capture of species of conservation concern and trends of their relative abundance over time in the northern - central Adriatic Sea. These datasets are expected to be considered by different end users to improve the conservation of species and fishery management approaches to assess the impact of a fishery on species of conservation concern.
Improving robustness of automatic cardiac function quantification from cine magnetic resonance imaging using synthetic image data
Authors: Gheorghiță Bogdan A. , Itu Lucian M. , Sharma Puneet , Suciu Constantin , Wetzl Jens , Geppert Christian , Ali Mohamed Ali Asik , Lee Aaron M. , Piechnik Stefan K. , Neubauer Stefan , Petersen Steffen E. , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Chițiboi Teodora 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough having been the subject of intense research over the years, cardiac function quantification from MRI is still not a fully automatic process in the clinical practice. This is partly due to the shortage of training data covering all relevant cardiovascular disease phenotypes. We propose to synthetically generate short axis CINE MRI using a generative adversarial model to expand the available data sets that consist of predominantly healthy subjects to include more cases with reduced ejection fraction. We introduce a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and implicitly the ejection fraction from cardiac MRI without explicit segmentation. The left ventricle volume predictions were compared to the ground truth values, showing superior accuracy compared to state-of-the-art segmentation methods. We show that using synthetic data generated for pre-training a CNN significantly improves the prediction compared to only using the limited amount of available data, when the training set is imbalanced.
A simulation study on hydrogel performance for enhanced oil recovery using phase-field method
Authors: Hayatolgheibi Seyed Hosein , Ameli Forough , Moghbeli Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydrogels are increasingly applied in oil recovery processes. This leads to more controlled flow of fluids in porous media. In this process, hydrogel is injected to the reservoir to block the high permeability areas. The trapped oil in low permeability regions, is then swept by water flooding. pH‐sensitive hydrogel microspheres were synthesized in another work of the authors, which effectively increased the oil recovery factor in experimental studies. In this communication, phase-field approach was used to simulate this process and to obtain the tuning parameters of the model including thickness of the contact surface (є), phase transform parameter (M0), and excess free energy (∧). Diffusion of hydrogels was studied by Cahn–Hilliard conservative approach and the breakage, deformation, and plugging mechanisms were analyzed, based on pressure drop variations in micromodel. Moreover, Effective parameters on oil recovery factor were analyzed. Results indicated a good agreement between experimental and modeling studies of oil recovery factor in water and hydrogel flooding with absolute errors of 2.29% and 4.06%, respectively. The recovery factor was calculated using a statistical method which was in good agreement with the modeling results. The tuned parameters of the model were reported as,є = 111.7 µm, M0 = 5 × 10−13m3/s,$$\wedge = - 0.0003$$∧=-0.0003 J/m3.
Exploring X-ray variability with unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Kovačević M. , Pasquato M. , Marelli M. , De Luca A. , Salvaterra R. , Belfiore A. 
Published: February 2022

Context. XMM-Newton provides unprecedented insight into the X-ray Universe, recording variability information for hundreds of thousands of sources. Manually searching for interesting patterns in light curves is impractical, requiring an automated data-mining approach for the characterization of sources.
Aims. Straightforward fitting of temporal models to light curves is not a sure way to identify them, especially with noisy data. We used unsupervised machine learning to distill a large data set of light-curve parameters, revealing its clustering structure in preparation for anomaly detection and subsequent searches for specific source behaviors (e.g., flares, eclipses).
Methods. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) achieve dimensionality reduction and clustering within a single framework. They are a type of artificial neural network trained to approximate the data with a two-dimensional grid of discrete interconnected units, which can later be visualized on the plane. We trained our SOM on temporal-only parameters computed from ⪆105 detections from the Exploring the X-ray Transient and variable Sky catalog.
Results. The resulting map reveals that the ≈2500 most variable sources are clustered based on temporal characteristics. We find distinctive regions of the SOM map associated with flares, eclipses, dips, linear light curves, and others. Each group contains sources that appear similar by eye. We single out a handful of interesting sources for further study.
Conclusions. The condensed view of our dataset provided by SOMs allowed us to identify groups of similar sources, speeding up manual characterization by orders of magnitude. Our method also highlights problems with fitting simple temporal models to light curves and can be used to mitigate them to an extent. This will be crucial for fully exploiting the high data volume expected from upcoming X-ray surveys, and may also help with interpreting supervised classification models.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnant Women Assessed by RT-PCR in Franconia, Germany: First Results of the SCENARIO Study (SARS-CoV-2 prEvalence in pregNAncy and at biRth In
FrancOnia)
Authors: Hein Alexander , Kehl Sven , Häberle Lothar , Tiemann Carsten , Peuker Rebecca , Mereutanu Denise , Stumpfe Florian M. , Faschingbauer Florian , Meyer-Schlinkmann Kirstin , Koch Martin C. , Kainer Franz , Dammer Ulf , Philipp Hanna , Kladt Carolin , Schrauder Michael G. , Weingärtler Stefan , Hanf Volker , Hartmann Arndt , Rübner Matthias , Schneider Holm , Lelieveld Jos , Beckmann Matthias W. , Wurmthaler Lena A. , Fasching Peter A. , Schneider Michael O. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose Detection of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women admitted to maternity units during a pandemic is crucial. In addition to the fact that pregnancy is a risk factor for severe
COVID-19 and that medical surveillance has to be adjusted in infected women and their offspring, knowledge about infection status can provide the opportunity to protect other patients and
healthcare workers against virus transmission. The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women in the hospital
setting.
Material and Methods All eligible pregnant women admitted to the nine participating hospitals in Franconia, Germany, from 2 June 2020 to 24 January 2021 were included.
COVID-19-related symptoms, secondary diseases and pregnancy abnormalities were documented. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs. The prevalence of acute SARS-CoV-2
infection was estimated by correcting the positive rate using the Rogan–Gladen method. The risk of infection for healthcare workers during delivery was estimated using a risk calculator.
Results Of 2414 recruited pregnant women, six were newly diagnosed RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2, which yielded a prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of 0.26% (95% CI, 0.10 – 0.57%).
Combining active room ventilation and wearing FFP2 masks showed an estimated reduction of risk of infection for healthcare workers in the delivery room to < 1%.
Conclusions The prevalence of newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in this study is low. Nevertheless, a systematic screening in maternity units during pandemic
situations is important to adjust hygienic and medical management. An adequate hygienic setting can minimise the calculated infection risk for medical healthcare workers during patientsʼ
labour.
More than the selfie
Authors: Thompson Riki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuccess in the digital dating world is often dependent on an individual’s ability to negotiate theaffordancesandconstraintsof platforms (Bucher & Helmond 2017) while effectively expressing who one is and what they are looking for. Since mononormativity is the dominant script that underpins ideals of romantic love and intimate relations in our society (Wolkomir 2019), for the millions who ascribe to non-monogamy, profile creation is often complicated by dating platform interfaces and relationship orientations. This research takes a critical multimodal discourse approach (Machin 2016,Milani 2013) to examine the interplay between various semiotic modes in meaning making about sexual normativities (Motschenbacher 2019) in digital dating contexts, and considers how people navigating non-traditional relationship orientations negotiate discourse in digital dating contexts to demonstrate how discourse and design have the ability to empower and marginalize users (Sun 2020) as well maintain cultural norms (Wachter-Boettcher 2017) about emotional bonding and sexuality.
Gestural metaphorical scenarios and coming out narratives
Authors: Dyrmo Tomasz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article extends the framework of metaphorical scenarios proposed by Musolff (2006, 2016) by adding a gestural component. Coming out videos,
serving as the source of data for the present analysis, help to uncover the conceptual mechanisms that shape the understanding and
conceptualisation of this phenomenon. The extended framework of gestural metaphorical scenarios reveals that conceptual metaphors
create cognitively and communicatively coherent wholes that are expressed multimodally, via speech and gesture. The article
proposes that coming out, a highly individualised process, is conceptualised at various levels by both generic and specific
metaphors. The analysis shows that metaphorical variation is present not only at the level of lexical scenarios, but also at the
level of gesture, giving rise to multimodal discourse fragments. The extended framework, therefore, might be useful in analysing
multimodal discourse.
Establishing Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods and Clinical Breakpoints for Inhaled Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Ekkelenkamp Miquel B , Díez-Aguilar María , Tunney Michael M , Elborn J Stuart , Fluit Ad C , Cantón Rafael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Inhaled antibiotics are a common and valuable therapy for patients suffering from chronic lung infection, with this particularly well demonstrated for patients with cystic fibrosis. However, in vitro tests to predict patient response to inhaled antibiotic therapy are currently lacking. There are indications that antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) may have a role in guidance of therapy, but which tests would correlate best still needs to be researched in clinical studies or animal models. Applying the principles of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing methodology, the analysis of relevant and reliable data correlating different AST tests to patients’ outcomes may yield clinical breakpoints for susceptibility, but these data are currently unavailable. At present, we believe that it is unlikely that standard determination of minimum inhibitory concentration will prove the best predictor.
Indications of external beams radiation for thyroid cancer
Authors: Roukoz Camille , Gregoire Vincent 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The use of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for the treatment of the different histologic subtypes of thyroid cancer is a matter of debate. This article provides an up-to-date review on the current evidence concerning the benefits of EBRT in thyroid cancer in specific indications.

Recent findings
Based on retrospective studies, adjuvant EBRT lessens the risk of locoregional recurrence in locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with high-risk features. The effect of EBRT on overall survival remains uncertain. EBRT should also be part of the multimodality treatment in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), as it improves survival rates in incompletely resected ATC.

Summary
The role of EBRT in thyroid cancer remains unclear. To date, no randomized control studies are available. Retrospective data showed improved outcomes in patients with high-risk features for locoregional recurrence.
Live visualization of endoplasmic reticulum redox potential in zebrafish embryos reveals region-specific heterogeneity
Authors: Verma Monika , Bhatt Niraj Rajesh , Chaphalkar Aseem , Verma Kriti , Umale Shreyansh , Verma Shweta , Sachidanandan Chetana , Chakraborty Kausik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRedox homeostasis is an integral part of many cellular processes, and its perturbation is associated with conditions such as diabetes, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Redox homeostasis or redox potential in organelles is maintained within a particular range to facilitate the organelle specific cellular redox reactions. Previous studies using yeast, cell systems, and nematodes have demonstrated that the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) has a more oxidizing environment while the cytosol exhibits a reducing redox potential. However, we know very little about how universal this phenomenon is. We created transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines with roGFP sensors targeted to the ER and cytosol for studying physiological redox potential at the systems level. In the process, we also characterized the ER-targeting signal sequence in D. rerio for the first time. Measurements of the redox state in live embryos found that the endoplasmic reticulum exhibits deviations from its expected oxidizing redox state in different regions of the developing embryos. The ER is far more reducing than expected in certain tissues of the embryo. Cytosol also exhibited unexpected redox states in some parts of the embryo. Notably, the brain showed regions with unexpected redox states in both the ER and the cytosol. Tissue-specific differences in ER-redox potential became even more evident in a transgenic line expressing the more sensitive roGFPiE variant. Thus, live monitoring of redox potential across the developing zebrafish embryos revealed unanticipated redox states of the ER that will require new biological definitions.