bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF AUTOLOGOUS SERUM EYE DROPS AFTER PTERYGIUM SURGERY
Authors: Rathore Hassan Sajjad , Mukhtar Ahsan , Saeed Shahzad , Ijaz Umar , Javaid Mamoona , Ghaus Iqra 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the corneal epithelium healing time and post-operative pain after pterygium surgery with and without he use of autologous serum drops.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital Quetta, from Jan to Aug 2019.
Methodology: Twenty patients were included in this study and divided into two groups. All patients underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft. Fourteen of them were instilled with autologous serum drops while 14 were given lubricants postoperatively until corneal epithelium healed completely. Corneal epithelium healing time, visual analog scale for postoperative pain assessment, conjunctival inflammation and recurrences were evaluated. Patients were followed up for 6 months.
Results: For corneal epithelial healing, 1 (7.14%) patient showed complete healing on day 2 while 7 (50%) showed healing on day 3 and 6 (42.86%) on day 4. While in non-autologous serum drops group 7 (50%) showed complete healing on day 4 while 4 (28.57%) showed healing on day 5 and 3 (21.43%) on day 6. The mean corneal healing time of autologous serum drops group was 3.36 ± 0.63 days and that of non-autologous serum drops group was 4.71 ± 0.83 days. Patients of autologous serum drops group also experienced significantly less pain as compared to the non-autologous serum drops group. While the recurrence rate and conjunctival inflammation in the two groups was found to be of equal degree.
Conclusion: Patients who used autologous serum eye drops post operatively experienced less pain and their corneal epithelium healed earlier than the.......
HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL IN THYROID PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF HYDERABAD
Authors: Shaikh Uzma Naz , Ghoto Muhammad Ali , Dayo Abdullah , Arain Mudassar Iqbal , Khan Jibran 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To find out the frequency of anemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia in hyperthyroid patients after the use of propylthiouracil.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Out Door Patients Department and Pathology Laboratory in Liaquat University Medical & Health Sciences, Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from May 2016 to Apr 2017.
Methodology: Two hundred cases, comprising of adult patients were categorized into five groups, age group 15-30 years 79 (39.5%) patients presenting the highest out of total, age group 31-45 years 68 (34%) patients, age group 46-60 years 36 (18%), age group 61-75 years 14 (7%) patients, age group >75 years 3 (1.5) patients. Complete blood count was analyzed on Sysmex Kx21 and thyroid profiles were analyzed on Elecysis 2010 from the Pathology Department. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis.
Result: Out of total patients, 32 (16%) were males and 168 (84%) were females with mean age of 37.44 ± 14.82 years. Majority of patients 68 (34%) were anemic, while 4 (2%) had agranulocytosis and 11 (5.5%) had thrombocytopenia. Headache was reported in 111 (55.5%), exophthalmos in 106 (53%), sore throat in 172 (86%), fever in 136 (68%) and weight loss in 95 (47.5%) patients.
Conclusion: Propylthiouracil causes defective hematopoiesis in hyperthyroid patients because propylthiouracil has adverse suppressive effects on bone marrow.
COMPARISON OF PAIN RELIEF EFFICACY OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA VERSUS CORTICOSTEROIDS IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Sohail Amir , Zaid Ameer Yasser , Feroz Shizan Hamid , Saeed Mohammed , Naseer Syed Khurram , Sultan Muhsan 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the pain relief efficacy of platelet rich plasma injection with corticosteroid injection in knee osteoarthritis using numeric rating scale.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Total of 310 patients who underwent knee injection for osteoarthritis were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups; group A and group B comprising of 155 patients each. Patients in group ‘A’ received intra articular corticosteroid injection while patients in group ‘B’ received intra articular platelet rich plasma injection for knee osteoarthritis. Pain assessment via numerical rating score was done at the start of the treatment and at 6 months.
Results: In group A female to male ratio was 2.69:1 while in group B the female to male ratio was 2.78:1. Mean age of ‘group A’ was 58.52 ± 11.87 years and that of ‘group B’ was 58.79 ± 11.15 years. Numerical rating score pre-treatment in ‘group A’ vs ‘group B’ was 8.35 ± 1.17 vs 8.42 ± 1.14. While numeric rating scale post treatment in ‘group A’ vs ‘group B’ was 5.74 ± 1.37 vs 4.06 ± 1.19, respectively with p-value of 0.001, which is statistically significant.
Conclusion: Patients who received intra-articular platelet rich plasma had significantly more pain relief as compared to patients who received intra-articular steroid on numerical rating score.
POSITIVE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE OF WOMEN IN LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC CLASS FOR CHANGE OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD FROM COMBINED CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS TO COPPER INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
Authors: Yazdani Tehreem , Amin Nabila , Zaheer Fareeha , Karim Farhat , Mukhtar Mohammad Saad , Mukhtar Maryam 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To ensure family spacing in our low socio-economic class.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Two hundred females using oral contraceptive pills for spacing of children coming to Pak Emirates Military Hospital were selected. The problems of using contraceptive pills were identified. Out of these 87 women agreed to choose an intrauterine copper device (IUCD).
Results: Out of 200 women 87 converted from oral contraceptive pills to intrauterine copper device use. Most of them faced daily dosage problems 168 (84%). Nausea was encountered by 123 (61.5%) women and later settled in 89 (44.5%) women. About 31 (15.5%) were worried about the chances of uterine perforation and 56 (28%) were worried about lost intrauterine copper device resulting in laparotomy. About 65 (32.5%) were afraid of infection, backache and vaginal discharge. About 91 (45.5%) women thought to have gastric problems with the intrauterine copper device. About 71 (81%) agreed to have a spacing of children for about five years and removal whenever desired.
Conclusion: Intrauterine contraception is a very safe and efficient method for contraception as compared to oral pills. If expertise is, available it should be used and couples should be fully educated for its safety.
INDIGENCE OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY IN LEGAL PRACTICE OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Mansoor Hashim Bin , Kayani Usman Zafar , Khatoon Reeja , Idrees Erum , Kayani Hira Zafar , Aslam Ayesha 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess and interpret the utility and need of forensic dentistry in current judicial system of Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, in the month of Jun, 2020.
Methodology: This questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted in a 1-month time frame, and a sample of 100 lawyers was recruited using snowball sampling technique and only criminal lawyers were included which had a minimum of 5 years of experience. Data was analyzed using SPSS-24.
Results: The results were quite significant, 81% (81 lawyers) of the population recognized the relationship of forensic dentistry with criminal litigation (p-value=0.006). Furthermore 86% (86 lawyers) believed that there are a limited number of practicing forensic dentists and a massive 96% (96 lawyers) of the population was not able to acquire the expertise of a forensic dentist.
Conclusion: There is a major lack of trained forensic odontologists and training institutes in Pakistan, which has a significant effect on the legal practices of Pakistan. Furthermore, it defines the lack of specialization trend in forensic odontology.
IMPACT OF ANTENATAL CARE ON MATERNAL MORBIDITY IN THREE MILITARY HOSPITALS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Akbar Rizwana , Azam Naila , Mughal Fatima Ali Raza , Tariq Ahmed , Wajahat Maira 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the impact of antenatal care on maternal morbidity.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Obstetric Departments of three military hospitals in Northern Punjab cities of Rawalpindi, Jehlum and Mangla, from Jan to Mar 2019.
Methodology: Data of all mothers who gave live births in the selected military hospitals were collected. These mothers were classified as booked and unbooked on the basis of number of antenatal care visits. Maternal morbidities and complications of pregnancy were recorded. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.
Results: In our study, 254 (8.8%) of mothers were unbooked, 2273 (78.8%) were partially booked and 358 (12.4%) were booked. 894 (31%) mothers did not have any co-morbidity while 1991 (69%) mother had co-morbidity. Out of 749 (27.5%) mothers had anaemia, 869 (30.1%) had hypertension, 141 (30.1%) had diabetes mellitus, 24 (0.8%) cardiac disease, 39 (1.4%) had tuberculosis, 9 (0.3%) had liver disease 13 (0.5%) had kidney disease, 69 (2.4%) had allergies while 33 (1.1%) had other diseases. These complications were significantly greater in unbooked patients as compared to booked patients (p<0.001) Out of total 2885 mothers who gave live births in three military hospitals, only one (0.034%) mother died (who was unbooked) in Jhelum Hospital. Its Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was 34.66 per 100,000 live births.
Conclusion: In our study population anemia, hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities in expecting mothers. Unbooked mothers had more morbidities and complications of pregnancy than.........
EFFECT OF INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE IN REFRACTORY DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Sughra Ume , Gul Anwar Ahmed , Habib Kashif , Khan Zeeshan , Khan Ozeer 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To investigate the effects of intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic maculopathy after 03 unsuccessful intravitreal bevacizumab injections.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Retina department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jun 2016 to Jul 2017.
Methodology: Total 35 eyes of 35 patients who were diagnosed with diabetic maculopathy and having history of minimum three intravitreal Bevacizumab injections were included. Detailed eye examinations included visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examination and intraocular pressure measurement was performed in all patients. Central macular thickness was also measured. Then intravitreal triamcinolone was administered to eyes by principal researcher (Ophthalmologist). After one month, follow up examination of patient’s eyes was done to assess the effects of injection.
Results: Majority of the participants were males 19 (55%) in this research. There was statistically significant difference between means of intra ocular pressure (mean difference= 4.30 ± 5.41), Visual acuity (mean difference=2.8 ± 2.4) and central macular thickness (mean difference = 236.4 ± 13) pre and post injection was found (p-value<0.05).
Conclusion: There was statistically significant difference of central macular thickness and visual acuity, pre and post intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection was found.
USE OF PRELACTEAL FEEDS- STUDY IN TRADITION
Authors: Pirzada Saima , Anwar Zahid , Gul Rafia , Iqbal Nazia , Noor Fatimah 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To find the types and frequency of prelacteal use, factors influencing their use and its impact on breastfeeding.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from Jul to Dec 2019.
Methodology: In the study, mothers and female attendants of newborn babies were interviewed following a specific questionnaire. The given answers were recorded and captured data about socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude and actual practices of mothers and families related to use of prelacteals. The results were analysed using SPSS 22.
Results: We interviewed 1601 mothers and female attendants of neonates. The mean age was 32.3 ± 8.2 years. Most of the females were married (1211, 75.6%) and resided in Lahore (1281, 80%). About one third, 581 (36.3%) were either illiterate or had inadequate schooling. Two-thirds (1000, 62.5%) of women wanted to give some prelacteal feed soon after birth. Honey was the most the commonest choice (in 722, 45.1%), seconded by ghutti (107, 6.7%). Most females (1467, 91.6%) wanted to give colostrum, and 1552 (96.9%) would breastfeed the baby. 1221 (75.2%) wanted to start mother-feed immediately or within 2 hours of birth.
Conclusion: The use of prelacteal is common in Pakistan culture. A consistent effort is needed to counter the unsafe prelacteal use.
A FOCUSED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR FRONT-LINE HEALTH CARE WORKERS DURING COVID -19 OUTBREAK IMPROVES MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Ikhlaq Urwah , Umair Madiha , Baloch Komal , Ansari Imran , Baker Jawed Abu , Salahuddin Nawal 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine whether an educational program on personal protective measures can reduce anxiety and depression in Hospital workers exposed to COVID-19.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: COVID Units & Emergency Room, from May to Jul 2020.
Methodology: Educational tool based on World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization guidelines including videos on Personal Protective Equipment usage was delivered to hospital staff assigned to areas with COVID-19 patients. Likert scale, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 score and Major Depression Inventory were used.
Results: 100 hospital staff were included. About 40% doctors, 41% Nurses. None had preexisting anxiety or depression. 11% reported COVID-19, 46% reported quarantine, and 91% reported contact. About 93% stated insufficient knowledge of usage of personal protective equipment and 35% reported inadequate provision of personal protective equipment. Median score on the likert scale was 5 (IQR 4-7). Mean generalized anxiety disorder score was 6.48 ± 3.4, which improved to 4.65 ± 2.7 post session, p-value <0.001. 41% reported minimal, 34% mild, 24% moderate and 1% severe anxiety. Post session, 62% reported minimal Anxiety, 33% mild, 5% moderate and 0% severe anxiety. Mean major depression inventory score was 16.10 ± 7.05 which reduced to 13.58 ± 5.84, p-value <0.001. Pre-session 59% reported „no/doubtful depression‟, 40% mild, 1% moderate depresssion, while post-session 85% reported „no/doubtful‟, 15% mild and none had moderate/severe depression.
Conclusion: We found an educational program that provided information on personal protective measures significantly reduced anxiety and depression in front-line workers during COVID-19 pandemic.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELL (NRBC) COUNT USING A FULLY AUTOMATED HAEMATOLOGY ANALYZER VERSUS MANUAL COUNTING
Authors: Ahmed Tanweer , Mahmood Asad , Uddin Nasir , Robert Helen Mary , Ashraf Muhammad , Swati Usman Tahir 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To evaluate the performance of Nucleated RBC (NRBC) Count using a fully automated haematology analyzer versus manual counting.
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, from Sep 2019-Jun 2020.
Methodology: Routine fresh whole blood samples were run on Sysmex XN-3000 automated haematology analyzer and 384 samples with results of ≥0.1% Nucleated red blood cells were included in this study. Manual NRBC counting was carried out twice on Leishman-stained peripheral blood smears from all 384 samples. Comparison between manual and automated nucleated red blood cell counting methods was statistically analyzed through linear regression analysis & coefficient correlation. The degree of agreement between two methods was analyzed through Bland-Altman plot. Finally, concordance between the two methods was also analyzed at 5 different ranges of nucleated red blood cells.
Results: Linear regression analysis revealed a (r2) value of 0.97. Regression equation was calculated as XN = 0.76MC ± 1.28, with 95% limits of agreement between ± 40.42% and -24.47%. A mean bias of 7.97% was demonstrated through Bland-Altman plot. Concordance analysis revealed a concordance rate of 93.74% (360/384). Nucleated red blood cell counting between two methods were more concordant when nucleated red blood cell counts were <200%.
Conclusion: Nucleated red blood cells counting by XN-3000 automated hematology analyzer is statistically comparable to manual nucleated red blood cell counting. We suggest that automated counting can be adopted in routine hematology laboratory as a replacement of manual NRBC counting.
OPERATIVE OUTCOMES IN THORACOSCOPIC-ESOPHAGECTOMY WITH TWO-LUNG VENTILATION IN PRONE POSITION
Authors: Baloch Ibrahim , Umair Bilal , Asghar Asif , Khan Muhammad Imtiaz , Hanif Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To study the post-operative outcomes of two-lung ventilation in patients undergoing prone position thoracoscopicesophagectomy.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019.
Methodology: A total of 60 patients operated for both groups of thoraco-esophagectomy in which 34 patients for TLV (two-lung ventilation) and 26 patients for One-lung ventilation were studied. Patients position was prone for Two-lung ventilation in Thoracoscopic-esophagectomy. Post-op blood loss, Hospital stay, duration of anesthesia and operative morbidity was calculated.
Results: A total of 60 patients underwent two-lung ventilation in prone position out of which patient of thoracoscopicesophagectomy were 34, while 26 underwent One-lung ventilation in semi-decubitus position thoracoscopic-esophagectomy. All of them were successfully performed without conversion to open thoracotomy. In the study with preparation span for anesthesia induction, mean time of mobilization of thoracic esophagus, mean blood loss during the thoracic mobilization phase, the mean Intensive care unit stay and total hospital stay in two-lung ventilation was less than one-lung ventilation (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study summarized the clinical outcomes of two-lung ventilation for thoracoscopic-esophagectomy operated patients. This study data showed that Two-lung ventilation intubation in prone position is better approach during the Thoracoscopic-esophagectomy.
CORRELATION OF BODY MEASUREMENTS AND EXERCISE WITH BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN LAHORE
Authors: Manzoor Iram , Mumtaz Aneeqa , Mushtaq Iqra 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To find out correlation of body measurements and exercise with blood pressure among medical students in Lahore, Pakistan.
Study Design: Correlational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, from May to Jul 2018.
Methodology: A sample of 332 students was recruited through simple random sampling technique. Resting blood pressure in sitting position along with body mass index of respondents were taken after informed consent.
Results: Mean age of respondents was 21.06 ± 1.53 years. Mean sitting systolic blood pressure was 117.5 ± 8.24mm Hg, Mean sitting diastolic blood pressure was 77.9 ± 7.05mm Hg. Significant association was found between weight and both Systolic (r=1, p≤0.00) and Diastolic (r=0.01, p=0.05) blood pressure. Height was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.07). Body mass index was also significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (r=1, p≤0.00) and diastolic blood pressures (r=0.14, p=0.00). Significant association is found between systolic blood pressure and exercise with number of days (r=-0.15, p=0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.11, p=0.00) and duration of exercise with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.13, p=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.16, p=0.04).
Conclusion: Weight and Body mass index are positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Keywords: , , , .
FEEDBACK: DIFFERENT CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES IN A CULTURALLY DIFFERENT LEARNING ENVIRONMENT? STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Malik Ahsan , Kiran Faiza , Farooq Fareeha 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess students’ perceptions of feedback, regarding its understanding, and practices in a traditional undergraduate dental curriculum in Pakistan, where feedback was not part of a formal curriculum as a structured entity.
Study Design: Qualitative-phenomenology.
Place and Duration of Study: Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad from Dec 2017 to May 2018.
Methodology: Purposive sampling was done, and data was gathered using semi-structured, group interview of 16 BDS students. Data was organized using qualitative software package Atlas.ti 8.0 and analyzed using thematic framework analysis.
Results: Feedback, though, being practiced by faculty, was not identify as feedback by students. They did not appreciate it as an essential skillset for learning and performance. Though, conceptions of students regarding this phenomenon varied, five emergent themes displayed the essence of the phenomenon in this learning environment: 1) understanding ‘feedback’ through participants’ response, 2) highly variant experiences of information exchange, 3) modes and forms of feedback, 4) factors affecting feedback and 5) methods achieving learning progression.
Conclusion: Our students were devoid of formally instituted feedback practices, so they were unable to identify it as ‘feedback’. Wide range of contradictory and many negative experiences of participants indicated that formal training in feedback and its systematic use might improve students’ experiences.Keywords: , , , , , .
EFFECT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE BY LEARNING ONLINE THROUGH 3D ANATOMY ATLAS VERSUS 2D PRESENTATIONS
Authors: Haque Ayesha , Minhas Ruqqia Shafi , Faisal Tayyaba , Naseem Sajida , Ambreen Salma , Rafi Aisha 
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the effect of using a 3-D atlas on academic performance and compare it with the use of power point presentations during online lectures for gross anatomy of the head.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Dental College, Heavy Industries Taxila Education City Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxila Pakistan, from Jun to Jul 2020.
Methodology: Forty-nine students from first year BDS were selected through nonprobability convenience sampling. They were assigned to two groups, A and B comprising of 25 and 24 students respectively. Group A was taught gross anatomy of head region via Zoom lectures employing a digital three-dimensional anatomy atlas application (Visual body, 2019). Group B was exposed to only two-dimensional pictures through presentations during their lectures. Ten teaching sessions were conducted with post session MCQ based assessments. One comprehensive assessment was conducted at the completion of the region. Results were compared for both groups.
Results: The mean scores for three of the post session assessment tests were higher for group A (15.72 ± 2.03, 15.28 ± 2.79, 16.92 ± 2.13) as compared to that of group B (14.64 ± 3.42, 13.66 ± 3.00, 15.04 ± 3.01) (p<0.05). Similarly, the mean score for comprehensive assessment for group A (35.36 ± 6.02) was also more than that of group B (31.41 ± 6.88) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Three-dimensional viewing of structures led to better academic performance as compared to that of presentations with two dimensional pictures.