bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between Tooth Decay with Stress and BMI among elementary students: A cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Hosseinpour Fatemeh , Panahi Rahman , Omidi Baharan Ranjbar , khorasani Erfan , Dehghankar Leila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic diseases among children worldwide. On the other hand, inappropriate Stress and BMI are risk factors that make children prone to diseases. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between tooth decay with Stress and BMI among children was examined.
Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of descriptive-analytical type. A total of 350 students referred to the clinic of the faculty of dentistry of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 1400 were selected through convenience sampling method to participate in the study. First, the students underwent a dental examination after measuring their height and weight. Then, two questionnaires of demographic information and Children's Stress Symptom Scale (CSSS) of Scherer and Ryan-Wenger were completed by the child's parents through self-reporting. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.
Results
The BMI of the participating students was in the normal range. The prevalence of tooth decay among participating students was 76.9% (269 people). The mean and standard deviation of stress scores was 6.85 ± 4.01 out of 26, that was at a low level. Also, the mean and standard deviation of the BMI was 22.78 ± 5.28, that was in the normal range. The results of logistic regression showed that the variables of "father's level of education", "family economic status", "experience of toothache in the past year", "oral health status", "frequency of tooth brushing", "flossing", "stress", and "BMI" were effective factors in tooth decay (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Students who had inappropriate BMI, more stress, father with low level of education, family with poor economic status, experience of toothache past year, poor oral health status, and those who used less toothbrushes and floss had more tooth decay. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to these students in designing and implementing educational programs to prevent tooth decay.
A review of 14 cases of perianal Paget’s disease: Characteristics of anorectal cancer with Pagetoid spread
Authors: Imaizumi Jun , Moritani Konosuke , Takamizawa Yasuyuki , Inoue Manabu , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Kanemitsu Yukihide 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is intraepithelial invasion of the perianal skin and is frequently associated with underlying anorectal carcinoma. The relatively rare nature of this disease has made it difficult to develop treatment recommendations. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment options that allow preservation of anorectal function, and long-term results.Methods: The National Cancer Center Hospital database was searched for all cases of perianal Paget's disease diagnosed between 2006 and 2021. In the 14 cases identified, we reviewed the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of adenocarcinoma with Pagetoid spread, including suspected or recurrent cases.Results: All 14 cases met the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up period after diagnosis was 4.5 (range, 0.1–13.0) years. Pagetoid spread before initial treatment was suspected in 12 cases (85.7%). Underlying rectal cancer was identified in 6 cases and no primary tumor was detected in the other 6 cases. Seven patients had recurrent disease, with median time to recurrence of 34.6 (range, 19.2–81.7) months. The time to first relapse was 3 months and that to the second relapse was 6 months. The overall 5-year survival rate was 90.0%.Conclusions: Skin biopsy and immunohistological examination are essential to differentiate PPD with and without underlying anorectal carcinoma. If wide local excision is performed to preserve the anus, it is necessary to search carefully for distant metastasis and arrange for regular follow-up, even if recurrence occurs after a long period. Local resection may achieve long-term survival in patients with locoregional recurrence if distant recurrence does not occur within a short interval.
Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart) modulates oxidative stress and inflammation by NF-κB inactivation and Nrf2 up-regulation in experimental diabetes
Authors: Lima Deyse Yorgos , Rodrigues Adelson Marçal , Mouro Margaret Gori , Seif Elias jorge Muniz , Silva Manoel Victor , Punaro Giovana Rita , Higa Elisa Mieko Suemitsu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To evaluate the effects of açai extract (EA) on oxidative stress and inflammation induced by high glucose in cultured mouse immortalized mesangial cells (MiMC) and diabetic rats. MiMC cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT. Extracellular and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular ROS were also measured. The cell proteins were extracted for analysis of catalase, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, SOD-1, SOD-2, iNOS, NF-κB, p-NF-κB and TNF-α expression. Male, adult Wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups: control (CTL) and diabetic (DM) rats who received water and DMEA and received 1 mL/day EA (200 mg/kg) via gavage for 8 consecutive weeks. After treatment with EA, metabolic profile, renal function and thiobarbituric acid reactives substances (TBARS) levels were evaluated, and kidneys were collected for qualitative histological analysis. EA maintained cell viability above 90% in all groups; it decreased proliferation in the HG group, both significant. NO levels, ROS generation, iNOS, NF-κB, p-NF-κB and TNF-α expression were reduced significantly after 72 h of EA treatment, with significant increases for all antioxidants studied. DMEA vs DM showed a significant increase in body weight, improved kidney function and reduced TBARS excretion. EA treatment decreased proliferation, oxidative stress and inflammation in MiMC, and although açai did not decrease fasting glucose, it recovered the body weight and delayed the decline of renal function in the diabetic animals, suppressing the signaling of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB inactivation and increasing all antioxidants studied by upregulating the Nrf2 response pathway.
Using historical tropical cyclone climate datasets to examine wind speed recurrence for coastal Australia
Authors: Bell S. S. , Dowdy A. J. , Ramsay H. A. , Chand S. S. , Su C-H , Ye H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Likelihood estimates of extreme winds, including those from tropical cyclones (TCs) at certain locations are used to inform wind load standards for structural design. Here, wind speed average recurrence intervals (ARIs) determined from TC climate data dating back to the 1970s in two quantile-quantile adjusted reanalysis datasets (ERA5 and BARRA [1990]), and best-track observations for context, were compared with Standardized ARIs (AS/NZS) across seven tropical and two subtropical Australian inland coastal regions. Inherent differences between the data used to determine the Standard ARIs (large sample size allow for larger extrapolations; GEV function) and TC data ARIs (smaller sample size and less certain data; the more asymptotic Lognormal/Weibull functions are used) led to the use of different extreme value functions.Results indicated that although these are two distinct ways of determining design wind speeds, when they are considered equivalent, there was a moderate reproduction of the ARI curves with respect to the Standard in both reanalysis datasets, suggesting that similar analyses using climate model products can provide useful information on these types of metrics with some caveats.Trends in TC wind strength affecting coastal Australia were also analyzed, indicating a potential slight downtrend in tropical West coast TC wind strength and slight uptrends for tropical East coast TC wind strength, subtropical West coast TC wind strength and subtropical East coast ETC wind strength with low-to-medium confidence. Noting considerable uncertainties, and large interannual variability makes it hard to determine any of these results with a high degree of confidence based on current data.It is also difficult to attribute any noted changes in extreme wind gust strength in these datasets to anthropogenic climate change at this time given the relatively short time period and limitations of the data quality including that over longer time periods and preceding the era of widespread satellite coverage in the Australian region. It is hoped that climate models can provide a more homogenous base for these types of evaluations and subsequent projections with respect to climate change simulations.
Increased lactate dehydrogenase reflects the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest computed tomography and predicts subsequent severe disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kojima Kensuke , Yoon Hyungeun , Okishio Kyoichi , Tsuyuguchi Kazunari 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) is very effective for assessing the severity and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical factors that are associated with the disease progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT at admission and that can consistently predict a subsequent severe clinical course remain unclear.Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 450 patients admitted with confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection between October 2020 and September 2021. An automated image processing tool was used to quantify the COVID-19 pneumonia lesion extent within total lung on chest CT at admission. Factors associated with the progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT were estimated by a multiple regression analysis using the quantified value as the objective variable. After adjusting for background factors by propensity score matching, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis with the factors estimated by a multiple regression analysis as explanatory variables was conducted to identify factors associated with severe disease after admission.Results: In the multiple regression analysis, sex, body-mass index (BMI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and albumin were identified as independent factors associated with the COVID-19 pneumonia lesion extent on chest CT: female sex (partial regression coefficient [B], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.21), BMI (B, 4.19; 95% CI, 2.65–6.66), LDH (B, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.33–4.89), CRP (B, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08–1.29), and albumin (B, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21–0.63). The standardized partial regression coefficients (β) for continuous variables (BMI, LDH, CRP, and albumin) were 1.76, 2.42, 1.54, and 0.71, respectively. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, LDH (hazard ratio [HR], 1.003; 95% CI, 1.001-1.005) was identified as a factor independently associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Conclusion: LDH was found to be an independent factor reflecting the disease progression of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT at admission and was also associated with subsequent severe disease. Increased serum LDH level at admission may be useful in real-world clinical practice for appropriate and early non-invasive and simple screening of patients with COVID-19 who are at high risk of developing severe disease.
Crime Prediction with Graph Neural Networks and Multivariate Normal Distributions
Authors: Tekin Selim Furkan , Kozat Suleyman Serdar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study high-resolution crime prediction and introduce a new generative model applicable to any spatiotemporal data with Graph Convolutional Gated Recurrent Units (Graph-ConvGRU) and multivariate Gaussian distributions. We introduce a subdivision algorithm and create a graph representation to tackle the sparsity and complexity problem in high resolution spatiotemporal data. By leveraging the flexible structure of graph representation, we model the spatial, temporal, and categorical relations of crime events and produce state vectors for each region. We create a multi-variate probability distribution from the state vectors and train the distributions by minimizing the KL-Divergence between the generated and the actual distribution of the crime events. After creating the distributions, crime can be predicted in any resolution as the first time in the literature. In our experiments on real-life and synthetic datasets, our model obtains the best score with respect to the state-of-the-art models with statistically significant improvements. Hence our model is not only generative but also precise. We also provide the source code of our algorithm for reproducibility.
Facilitating hand hygiene in displacement camps during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative assessment of a novel handwashing stand and hygiene promotion package
Authors: White Sian , Jain Anika , Bangura Abie , Farrington Michelle , Mekonen Melaku , Nhial Bang Chuol , Hogue Enamul , Moniruzzaman Md. , Namegabe Pascaline , Walassa John , Majorin Fiona 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Handwashing with soap is critical for the prevention of diarrhoeal diseases and outbreak related diseases, including interrupting the transmission of COVID-19. People living in large displacement settings are particularly vulnerable to such outbreaks, however, practicing handwashing is typically challenging in these contexts. Methods: We conducted a process evaluation of the implementation of a combined intervention to facilitate handwashing behaviour in displacement camps and in surrounding communities in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and the Democratic Republic of Congo during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention comprised an infrastructural component (provision of the Oxfam Handwashing Station) and a hygiene promotion package (Mum’s Magic Hands). We used programmatic logbooks, interviews with implementation staff and focus group discussions with crisis-affected populations to assess the use, feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Results: Both components of the intervention were viewed as novel and appealing by implementing staff and crisis-affected populations across the study sites. The acceptability of the handwashing station could be improved by redesigning the tap and legs, exploring local supply chain options, and by providing a greater number of facilities. The fidelity and dose of the hygiene promotion package varied substantially by country making it challenging to evaluate and compare. A greater focus on community engagement could address misconceptions, barriers related to the intuitiveness of the handwashing station design, and willingness to participate in the hygiene promotion component. Conclusions: The combination of a ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ intervention in these settings appeared to facilitate both access and use of handwashing facilities. The acceptability of the combined intervention was partially because a great deal of effort had been put into their design. However, even when delivering well-designed interventions, there are many contextual aspects that need to be considered, as well as unintended consequences which can affect the acceptability of an intervention.
Psychometric properties of the Traffic locus of control scale – Arabic version (T-LOC-A) among Lebanese drivers
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Salameh Pascale , Abou-Abbas Linda , Salmi Louis-Rachid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The Traffic Locus of Control scale (T-LOC) measures a personality attribute revealing how a driver generally perceives possible causes of traffic crashes. Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of T-LOC (T-LOC-A) among Lebanese drivers and to test its reliability and construct validity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019 among a national sample of Lebanese drivers aged 18 years old and above, from all Lebanese governorates. A standardized questionnaire, developed in the Arabic language, includes three sections: Socio-demographic characteristics section, driving variables section; and the measurements section including the T-LOC and the driver behavior questionnaire. The internal consistency of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to examine the construct validity of the T-LOC. Correlation between T-LOC and driver behavior was assessed using Pearson correlation. In addition, the associations between T-LOC-A and sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated.Results:A total of 568 drivers participated in the study. Of the total, 69% were male and aged between 18- and 82-years-old. In the previous three years, around 40% of the surveyed drivers had been involved in accidents and 50.4% were penalized for traffic offenses. The T-LOC-A had adequate psychometric properties, revealing good to excellent reliability levels and support the original four-factor structure of the T-LOC (α=0.85), including self (α=0.88), other drivers (α=0.91), vehicle/environment (α=0.86), and fate (α=0.66). The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good data fit. Men reported a higher tendency to attribute the responsibility for driving situations to the other drivers (p=0.024), while women believed more in fate and luck than men (p=0.0012). Other drivers’ subscale (r=0.387, p<0.05), and self-related dimensions of T-LOC-A (r=0.155, p<0.05) were positively correlated with the aggressive violation. Conclusion: The Arabic-version T-LOC-A exhibited good psychometric properties. In the Lebanese driving environment and cultural specificities, it is found to be a valid and reliable instrument, supporting the three factorial structures of the original T-LOC.
Oncological and Reproductive Outcomes for Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Combined with Aromatase Inhibitors or Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System Fertility-Sparing Treatment in Women with Endometrial Cancer or Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia: A single-center retrospective analysis of 179 cases
Authors: Chen Junyu , Cao Dongyan , Yang Jiaxin , Yu Mei , Zhou Huimei , Cheng Ninghai , Wang Jinhui , Zhang Ying , Peng Peng , Shen Keng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) combined with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) or aromatase inhibitor (AI) in women with endometrial carcinoma (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) who wish to preserve their fertility.Methods: 179 EC/AEH patients who were contra-indicated or unsuitable for high-dose oral progestin were included in our study. Patients were treated with the combination of GnRHa with LNG-IUS (group GLI: GnRHa IH every 4 weeks and LNG-IUS insertion constantly) or combination of GnRHa with AI (group GAI: GnRHa IH every 4 weeks and oral letrozole 2.5mg, daily). Histological evaluation was performed every 3-4 months. After achieving complete remission (CR), maintenance treatments including LNG-IUS, cyclical oral contraceptives or low-dose cyclic progestin were recommended until they began attempting to conceive. Results: Overall, 169 (94.4%) patients achieved CR, 96.7% in AEH and 93.3% in EC patients. The CR rate in GLI and GAI was 93.5% and 95.8%, respectively. The median time to CR was 6 (3-18) months, 4 (3-10) months in AEH and 8 (3-18) months in EC patients. After a median follow up of 27.5 months, 41 (24.3%) women developed recurrence with the median recurrence time of 17 (6-77) months. Of the patients with CR, 134 cases desired to conceive, 42 (32.3%) women became pregnant, 24 (17.9%) of them successfully delivered and 5 (3.7%) were in pregnancy, while 13 of them miscarried.Conclusion: GnRHa combined treatment achieved good oncological and reproductive outcomes. Future larger multi-institutional studies should be designed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Characteristics of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease
Authors: Goda Ayumi , Yanagisawa Yoshiaki , Takeuchi Shinsuke , Takeuchi Kaori , Kikuchi Hanako , Inami Takumi , Kohno Takashi , Satoh Toru , Soejima Kyoko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common and morbid complication of left heart disease (LHD), comprising two subtypes: (1) isolated post-capillary PH (Ipc-PH) and (2) combined post-capillary and pre-capillary PH (Cpc-PH). Knowledge of physiological characteristics distinguishing Cpc-PH from Ipc-PH remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the utility of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) variables in detecting Cpc-PH. Among 105 consecutive patients with LHD (age: 55 ± 13 years; male/female = 79/26) who underwent right heart catheterization and CPX, 37 (35%) were classified as PH-LHD. Ipc-PH (n = 23) was defined as diastolic pulmonary pressure gradient (DPG) < 7 mmHg and/or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) ≤ 3 Wood units (WU), whereas Cpc-PH (n = 14) was defined as DPG ≥ 7 mmHg and/or PVR > 3 WU. Patients with Cpc-PH had a significantly lower peak PETCO2 (Non-PH/Ipc-PH/Cpc-PH = 38.3 ± 6.7 vs. 35.6 ± 5.9 vs. 32.7 ± 4.0 mmHg, p = 0.006), higher VE vs. VCO2 slope, and lower ΔVO2/ΔWR than those with Ipc-PH and non-PH. Logistic regression analysis revealed that peak PETCO2 was an independent predictor of Cpc-PH (odds ratio: 0.854, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.757–0.962, p = 0.009). Peak PETCO2 was the optimal predictor of Cpc-PH in the ROC analysis (AUC: 0.747, 95% CI: 0.640–0.854, p = 0.003). In conclusion, peak PETCO2 was associated with Cpc-PH in patients with LHD.
Biomechanical comparison of four triangular osteosynthesis fixations for unilateral verital sacral fractures
Authors: Ma Yupeng , Zhao Yong , Hong Huanyu , Huang Tao , Li Yu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
[Objective] To compare the stability and biomechanical characteristics of four commonly used triangular osteosynthesis techniques to treat unilateral vertical sacral fractures and provide a clinical application reference.[Methods] Finite element models of Tile C type pelvic ring injury (unilateral Denis Ⅱ sacral fracture) were produced. In four models, sacral fractures were fixed with a combination of unilateral L5, unilateral L4,and L5 iliac lumbar fixation with lengthened sacroiliac screws and normal sacroiliac screws, respectively. The biomechanical properties of the four fixation models were measured and compared under bipedal stance and lumbar rotation.[Results] The fixation stability of the model with the lengthened sacroiliac screw was excellent, and the fracture end was stable. The stability of fixation using unilateral L4 and L5 segments was close to that of unilateral L5 segment fixation.[Conclusions] Triangular osteosynthesis transverse stabilization device using lengthened sacroiliac screws can increase the vertical stability of the sacrum after internal fixation and increase the stability of the fracture. When triangular osteosynthesis lumbar fixation segments were selected, simultaneous fixation of L4 and L5 segments versus only L5 segments did not significantly enhance the vertical stability of the sacrum or the stability of the fracture end.