bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polio amidst COVID‐19 in Pakistan: Ongoing efforts, challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Sahito Abdul Moiz , Saleem Aqsa , Javed Syed Owais , Farooq Minaam , Ullah Irfan , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoliomyelitis is a crippling viral disease caused by poliovirus, a positive‐stranded RNA virus that is a serotype of Enterovirus C. Pakistan remains one of the countries in the world where poliomyelitis is still prevalent, posing an obstacle to global poliomyelitis eradication. With the commencement of the COVID‐19 pandemic, polio eradication campaigns have proven less feasible, resulting in an increase in polio cases across the country. Pakistan's healthcare system and socio‐economic framework are incapable of dealing with two deadly viruses at the same time. As a result, effective measures for combating the destruction caused by the spread of the poliovirus are required.
Immersion optical clearing of adipose tissue in rats: ex vivo and in vivo studies
Authors: Yanina Irina Yu. , Tanikawa Yohei , Genina Elina A. , Dyachenko Polina A. , Tuchina Daria K. , Bashkatov Alexey N. , Dolotov Leonid E. , Tarakanchikova Yana V. , Terentuk Georgy S. , Navolokin Nikita A. , Bucharskaya Alla B. , Maslyakova Galina N. , Iga Yasunobu , Takimoto Shinichi , Tuchin Valery V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOptical clearing (OC) of adipose tissue has not been studied enough, although it can be promising in medical applications, including surgery and cosmetology, for example, to visualize blood vessels or increase the permeability of tissues to laser beams. The main objective of this work is to develop technology for OC of abdominal adipose tissue in vivo using hyperosmotic optical clearing agents (OCAs). The maximum OC effect (77%) was observed for ex vivo rat adipose tissue samples exposed to OCA on fructose basis for 90 minutes. For in vivo studies, the maximum effect of OC (65%) was observed when using OCA based on diatrizoic acid and dimethylsulfoxide for 120 minutes. Histological analysis showed that in vivo application of OCAs may induce a limited local necrosis of fat cells. The efficiency of OC correlated with local tissue damage through cell necrosis due to accompanied cell lipolysis
Effect of Denosumab Compared With Risedronate on Bone Strength in Patients Initiating or Continuing Glucocorticoid Treatment
Authors: Geusens Piet , Bevers Melissa SAM , van Rietbergen Bert , Messina Osvaldo D , Lespessailles Eric , Oliveri Beatriz , Chapurlat Roland , Engelke Klaus , Chines Arkadi , Huang Shuang , Saag Kenneth G , van den Bergh Joop P 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In a randomized clinical trial in patients initiating glucocorticoid therapy (GC-I) or on long-term therapy (GC-C), denosumab every 6 months increased spine and hip bone mineral density at 12 and 24 months significantly more than daily risedronate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of denosumab compared with risedronate on bone strength and microarchitecture measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in GC-I and GC-C. A subset of 110 patients had high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans of the distal radius and tibia at baseline and at 12 and 24 months. Cortical and trabecular microarchitecture were assessed with standard analyses and failure load (FL) with micro-finite element analysis. At the radius at 24 months, FL remained unchanged with denosumab and significantly decreased with risedronate in GC-I (−4.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −6.4, −1.8) and, in GC-C, it significantly increased with denosumab (4.3%, 95% CI 2.1, 6.4) and remained unchanged with risedronate. Consequently, FL was significantly higher with denosumab than with risedronate in GC-I (5.6%, 95% CI 2.4, 8.7, p &lt; 0.001) and in GC-C (4.1%, 95% CI 1.1, 7.2, p = 0.011). We also found significant differences between denosumab and risedronate in percentage changes in cortical and trabecular microarchitectural parameters in GC-I and GC-C. Similar results were found at the tibia. To conclude, this HR-pQCT study shows that denosumab is superior to risedronate in terms of preventing FL loss at the distal radius and tibia in GC-I and in increasing FL at the radius in GC-C, based on significant differences in changes in the cortical and trabecular bone compartments between treatment groups in GC-I and GC-C. These results suggest that denosumab could be a useful therapeutic option in patients initiating GC therapy or on long-term GC therapy and may contribute to treatment decisions in this patient population. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
7‐chloroquinoline‐chalcone/‐pyrazoline conjugates: Synthesis, antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Saini Anu , Kumar Ankush , Raj Raghu , Kumar Vipan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA series of 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole linked 7‐chloroquinoline‐chalcones and 7‐chloroquinoline‐pyrazolines were synthesized using 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and evaluated for their antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activities. The compound having O‐methoxy substituent on ring A and p‐methoxy on ring B along with pyrazoline ring exhibited moderate activity and was noncytotoxic.
Novel High‐Speed Elongation Rheometer
Authors: Bier Alexander M. , Arne Walter , Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe elongational viscosity of polymers can be determined by utilizing different devices such as extensional rheometer after Sentmanat (SER), oil bath rheometer after Meissner or tensile rheometer after Münstedt (MTR), with strain rates up to 10 s–1. Although these investigations are already complex, they do not depict real fiber spinning processes where higher elongation strain rates occur. Therefore, a novel method is developed to calculate the elongational viscosity of polymers during the fiber spinning process. To reduce the complexity of the system, two polymethylmethacrylates (PMMAs) with different molar masses are investigated using a capillary rheometer to exclude crystallization effects. The diameter of the polymeric strand is determined via a high‐speed camera from the die exit to the aspirator. In addition, simulations are carried out to describe the temperature profile of the polymeric strand along the spinline. It is possible to determine the elongational viscosity of the polymers in dependence of temperature and strain rates up to 100 s–1, by calibration of the force in an aerodynamic stretching device (aspirator).
Current Strategies in Breast Cancer Therapy: Role of Epigenetics and Nanomedicine
Authors: Sengupta Pallav , Choudhury Hira , Dutta Sulagna , Jacob Shery , Kesharwani Prashant , Gorain Bapi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBreast cancer (BC), the most common cancer in women, is incurable due to metastatic spread to distant organs. The existence of epigenetic dysregulation has been shown to contribute to the progression and even metastasize through the transition from epithelial to mesenchymal. Behind failure strategies of conventional treatments, fruitful outcomes of epigenetic drugs have provided the hope of solid tumor management where the reversal of acquired resistance of the cancer cells is possible by epigenome regulation. Several agents have been identified to target epigenetic regulators in the cancer cells exhibiting remarkable potential against solid tumors, including BC. However, unnecessary systemic exposure, solubility issues, and unsuitability for diseased conditions using conventional delivery systems limit their use as cancer therapeutics. The progression of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical delivery has revolutionized cancer therapy, where specific, targeted and efficient delivery of epigenetic agents for alteration of cancerous conditions are ensured. In this review, a focus is made on epigenetic alteration in BC condition with the deliverable potential of the nanocarriers toward the breast tumor microenvironment for proper management. The significance of targeting and controlled release of therapeutics in the improved targeting of cancer cells is highlighted.
Evaluation of a quasi‐dimeric eugenol derivative as repellent against the stored grain insect pest Sitophilusoryzae (Coleoptera Curculionidae)
Authors: Abenaim Linda , Mandoli Alessandro , Venturi Francesca , Bedini Stefano , Conti Barbara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEssential oils (EOs) and their chemical components are often proposed as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for pest control of foodstuff insect pests. However, their low persistence and strong, spicy odour, make them poorly suitable for use to protect food. Modification of the EOs components molecules increases their molecular weight and reduce their volatility. However, the effectiveness of such modified molecules has, so far, not been tested against stored food insect pests. In this study, the intensity and the duration of the repellence against the insect pest Sitophilus oryzae of a recently synthesized quasi‐dimeric eugenol derivative (ED) (C18H20O4) were compared to those of eugenol and three eugenol related compounds. The hypothesis tested was that by its higher molecular weight and two functional groups the ED would overcome the low persistence and strong and spicy odour drawback of eugenol without compromising the repellence against insects.RESULTSThe insect behavioural tests showed a greater repellence and persistence of ED than eugenol and the three eugenol related compounds against S. oryzae. The sensory analysis of ED by panel test indicated that ED is significantly less odorous than eugenol without any spicy nor balsamic nuances in its smell profile.CONCLUSIONSBecause of its high repellence against insects and its low smell intensity for humans, ED could represent a valid repellent for the control of foodstuffs insect pests. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Katabatic and convective processes drive two preferred peaks in the precipitation diurnal cycle over the Central Himalaya
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Turner Andrew  G. , Schiemann Reinhard K. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Central Himalaya is governed by a complex interaction between the diurnal cycle of tropical convection and local orographic flow. Understanding this interaction is crucial for model evaluation, where the simulation of such processes is highly sensitive to model resolution and choice of parametrisation schemes. In this study, the mean diurnal cycle is computed using gridded satellite data–Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) data and is shown to be bimodal, with one peak in the late afternoon (1700 India Standard Time (IST)) and a stronger one in the early morning (0200 IST). This structure is an artefact of compositing, as individual days are associated with single peaks. The late‐afternoon “convective” peak is shown to be linked to the diurnal cycle of tropical convection, whereas the nocturnal “katabatic” peak is shown to be triggered by nocturnal downslope flow converging with the background monsoon circulation. As such, the katabatic peak is strongly favoured by an active monsoon trough, which provides greater southeasterly moisture flux to the foothills, resulting in increased low‐level moisture flux convergence upon interaction with the katabatic northerlies. When the trough is less active, precipitation is brought to the region by mesoscale convective systems, ranging in scale from tens to thousands of kilometres, resulting in convective peaks. We hypothesise that these convective afternoon peaks are enhanced by anabatic flow. It is shown that the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation does not play a significant role in modulating either the timing or the amplitude of the diurnal cycle; however, low‐pressure systems do: either by intensifying the trough (and hence the katabatic peak), or, when further north, by providing deep convection (hence supporting the convective peak). Two reanalyses and a separate 17‐km model with parametrised convection capture both peaks, but overestimate the magnitude of the convective peak and underestimate the magnitude of the katabatic peak.
Bargaining your way to success: The effect of Machiavellian chief executive officers on firm costs
Authors: Recendes Tessa , Aime Federico , Hill Aaron D. , Petrenko Oleg V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study builds on insights from the upper echelons tradition in strategy to examine the effects of chief executive officer (CEO) Machiavellianism on relevant firm costs. While Machiavellianism has been usually construed as a purely negative trait, we argue that the pragmatic focus on the outcomes of exchanges and psychological obsession with winning in transactions that Machiavellian CEOs infuse in their organizations can have important effects on firm cost, a fundamental but frequently understudied driver of financial performance in strategic management research. In line with our arguments, we find that CEO Machiavellianism has negative effects on production costs, financing costs, and acquisition premiums. We find support for our ideas with a sample of S&P 500 CEOs, operationalizing CEO Machiavellianism using a videometric approachManagerial SummaryIn this study, we investigate the effect of CEO Machiavellianism on firms’ costs. We show that firms with more Machiavellian CEOs will have lower costs than other firms in the market. Rather counterintuitively, this study suggests an explanation for why a personal characteristic that is usually seen as problematic for organizations is rather common in their upper ranks. Ultimately, the study demonstrates the value of the bargaining attitude that Machiavellian CEOs bring to their organizations and suggests this value should be weighed against their risks or acknowledged to manage the risks this common personal characteristic implies.
Curatorial Challenges: Discussion Forums and Fragmented Narratives
Authors: Hauptman Katherine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores discussions surrounding research on the Swedish History Museum’s collection of Viking Age objects on Internet forums, blogs and digital news media during the period 2004–2020. It argues that there has been a clear escalation of questioning, confrontational and antagonistic reactions directed at research that brings into question issues of nationhood and stereotypes of gender roles and power. The discussions evolve around disagreements that focus on details rather than historical synthesis and quickly escalate into hostility, personal attacks and distrust in academic expertise. The debates cast light on the pedagogical challenges the museum face to synthesise and contextualise research to nuance conversations and fulfil its governmentally assigned task to promote knowledge and interest in history.
Viking Jewellery on Pinterest: Drifting Digitisations and Shared Curatorial Agency
Authors: Axelsson Bodil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses the manifestations and operations of curatorial agency on the content-sharing platform Pinterest. While the manifestations of curatorial agency are explored through an analysis of the recontextualisations of museum digitisations of jewellery associated with the Viking Age in user-made collections, its operations are investigated through a long-term engagement with the platform’s employment of machine learning models to select and display images in line with its business model. On Pinterest, museum digitisations take on a transnational and dispersed life as inspiration for historical imagination and craft, as well as for contemporary fashion. Due to the complexity of machine learning models, the politics of curatorial agency becomes a delicate issue to locate as it morphs between human and machinic forms of intelligence.
Technospheric Curation and the Swedish Allah Ring: Refiguring Digitisations and Curatorial Agency as Ecological Compositions, and Eco-curating as Planetary Inhabitations
Authors: Cameron Fiona R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this chapter I unravel human-centred understandings of digitisations working with the digitisation of a silver-alloy finger ring inscribed in Arabic Kufic writing with the words “il-la-lah” (“For/to Allah”) and re-theorise it through a novel ontological, new-materialisms, posthuman, ecological mode of thinking (Cameron, Fiona R. 2018. Posthuman Museum Practices. InThe Posthuman Glossary, ed. Rosi Braidotti and Maria Hlavajova, 349–352. London / New York: Bloomsbury Academic; Cameron, Fiona R. 2019. Theorizing Digitisations in Global Computational Infrastructures. InThe International Handbook of New Digital Practices in Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums and Heritage Sites, ed. Hannah Lewi, Wally Smith, Steve Cooke, and Dirk vom Lehn, 55–67. London: Routledge). The ring is significant as evidence of interactions between Viking and Islamic worlds and as an artefact directed to promoting intercultural respect during the Syrian refugee crisis and the rise of far-right anti-Muslim sentiments. Significantly, the ring digitisation also becomes planetary in reach and distribution as an unruly, more-than-digital ecological composition in which curatorial agency is refigured as radical, eco-systemic processes involving the action and vitality of many different coordinates in their unfolding (Cameron, Fiona R. 2021.The Future of Digital Data, Heritage and Curation in a More-Than-Human World. Abington: Routledge., 129).
Characterizing the Impact of Atmospheric Rivers on Aerosols in the Western U.S.
Authors: Hu Zhiyuan , Zhao Chun , Leung L. Ruby , Du Qiuyan , Ma Yuanyuan , Hagos Samson , Qian Yun , Dong Wenjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo 5‐year (2010–2014) quasi‐global simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry have been analyzed to quantify the impacts of atmospheric rivers (ARs) on aerosols in the western United States (U.S.). We find that AR days have reduced trans‐Pacific as well as U.S. aerosol mass because of enhanced rainfall and hence, wet removal of aerosols, compared to non‐AR days. ARs reduce trans‐Pacific aerosol mass through the cyclonic circulation that shifts the aerosol transport pathway southward and brings cleaner air from the north. However, ARs have larger impact on aerosols that originate over the U.S., which are concentrated closer to the surface compared to trans‐Pacific aerosols that are distributed more uniformly with altitude. While dust and sulfates dominate the mass for both trans‐Pacific and U.S. aerosols, ARs reduce dust composition fractions of trans‐Pacific aerosols but the AR impacts on composition fractions of U.S. aerosols are more variable.
Tropical Plant Species Living Under P Limitation Show Signs of Greater Resistance to Drought
Authors: Yi Ruzhou , Xu Xianli , Huang Yuanyuan , Zhu Shidan , Xu Chaohao , Zhang Yaohua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTropical forests are fundamental in the global water and carbon cycles, yet they are under threat of drought induced mortality. Tropical forests typically grow in phosphorus (P) pool soils. Through compiling data from tropical forests around the world, we showed that multiple tropical species acclimated to P deficiency have a higher hydraulic safety margin, which means they are less vulnerable to hydraulic failure. Through detailed experiments in subtropical China, we further uncovered the underlying mechanism is that species acclimated to P deficiency would have higher the stem area: leaf area ratio and strengthening vessel wall reinforcement. Our finding highlights the importance of including P availability into models when forecast the mortality risk of tropical forest in response to climate changes.
Baroclinic Control of Southern Ocean Eddy Upwelling Near Topography
Authors: Barthel Alice , Hogg Andrew M. , Waterman Stephanie , Keating Shane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the Southern Ocean, mesoscale eddies contribute to the upwelling of deep waters along sloping isopycnals, helping to close the upper branch of the meridional overturning circulation. Eddy energy (EE) is not uniformly distributed along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Instead, “hotspots” of EE that are associated with enhanced eddy‐induced upwelling exist downstream of topographic features. This study shows that, in idealized eddy‐resolved simulations, a topographic feature in the ACC path can enhance and localize eddy‐induced upwelling. However, the upwelling systematically occurs in regions where eddies grow through baroclinic instability, rather than in regions where EE is large. Across a range of parameters, along‐stream eddy growth rate is a more reliable indicator of eddy upwelling than traditional parameterizations such as eddy kinetic energy, eddy potential energy, or isopycnal slope. Ocean eddy parameterizations should consider metrics specific to the growth of baroclinic instability to accurately model eddy upwelling near topography.
Ionospheric Plasma IRregularities ‐ IPIR ‐ Data Product Based on Data From the Swarm Satellites
Authors: Jin Yaqi , Kotova Daria , Xiong Chao , Brask Steffen M. , Clausen Lasse B. N. , Kervalishvili Guram , Stolle Claudia , Miloch Wojciech J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIonospheric plasma irregularities can be successfully studied with the Swarm satellites. Parameters derived from the in‐situ plasma measurements and from the topside ionosphere total electron content provide a comprehensive dataset for characterizing plasma structuring along the orbits of the Swarm satellites. The Ionospheric Plasma IRregularities (IPIR) data product summarizes these parameters and allows for systematic studies of ionospheric irregularities. IPIR has already been used in investigations of structuring and variability of ionospheric plasma. This report provides a detailed description of algorithms behind the IPIR data product and demonstrates its use for ionospheric studies.
Resolution Dependence of Atmosphere–Ocean Interactions and Water Mass Transformation in the North Atlantic
Authors: Oldenburg Dylan , Wills Robert C. J. , Armour Kyle C. , Thompson LuAnne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWater mass transformation (WMT) in the North Atlantic plays a key role in driving the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its variability. Here, we analyze subpolar North Atlantic WMT in high‐ and low‐resolution versions of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) and investigate whether differences in resolution and climatological WMT impact low‐frequency AMOC variability and the atmospheric response to this variability. We find that high‐resolution simulations reproduce the WMT found in a reanalysis‐forced high‐resolution ocean simulation more accurately than low‐resolution simulations. We also find that the low‐resolution simulations, including one forced with the same atmospheric reanalysis data, have larger biases in surface heat fluxes, sea‐surface temperatures, and salinities compared to the high‐resolution simulations. Despite these major climatological differences, the mechanisms of low‐frequency AMOC variability are similar in the high‐ and low‐resolution versions of CESM1. The Labrador Sea WMT plays a major role in driving AMOC variability, and a similar North Atlantic Oscillation‐like sea‐level pressure pattern leads AMOC changes. However, the high‐resolution simulation shows a pronounced atmospheric response to the AMOC variability not found in the low‐resolution version. The consistent role of Labrador Sea WMT in low‐frequency AMOC variability across high‐ and low‐resolution coupled simulations, including a simulation which accurately reproduces the WMT found in an atmospheric‐reanalysis‐forced high‐resolution ocean simulation, suggests that the mechanisms may be similar in nature.