bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customized bus scheme design of large transport terminals with jointly optimization of departure time, vehicle allocation and routing
Authors: Wu Yuelin , Yuan Zhenzhou , Xiao Qingyu , Yang Dong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe customized bus (CB) service of large transport terminals can provide passengers with convenient transfers and door‐to‐door services, which has the potential to help ease the pressure of arriving passenger flow in large transport terminals. Considering the costs of operators and passengers, this paper establishes a multi‐commodity network flow optimization model to simultaneously obtain departure schedule, passenger‐to‐vehicle assignment and routing under the condition of multiple vehicle types. It provides more passengers with high‐quality CB service and obtains higher vehicle capacity utilization. Accordingly, the solution is proposed that combines a branch‐and‐cut algorithm with grid‐density‐based clustering. An illustrative example verifies the effectiveness and tests the impact of the departure time‐window. The case study of Chengdu city compares the results under different types of vehicle schemes and conducts the sensitivity analysis of penalty and minimum load ratio. The experiments conclude: (i) The proposed algorithm stably improves computation speed (76.38%) without affecting the optimal results; (ii) a loose time‐window can serve more people, but the excessively loose one no longer has impacts on the results. (iii) The multi‐type of vehicle scheme performs best compared to the single type of vehicle schemes.
Addressing robust travel mode identification with individual trip‐chain trajectory noise reduction
Authors: Zeng Jiaqi , Zhang Guozheng , Hu Youwei , Wang Dianhai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIdentifying travel modes from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) trajectories is helpful for traffic management. In mode identification, the motion features are extracted from trajectories to train the classifiers. However, features would be distorted by the positioning noise when migrating existing frameworks to poor‐quality tracks. This study aims to answer how to eliminate the impact of positioning error on mode identification. Specifically, six widely used Trajectory Noise Reduction (TNR) methods were tested. Representative motion features were calculated and sent to several classical classifiers to evaluate the effect of TNR. Then, the extent to which TNR restores motion features is analysed by information gain. To verify the robustness of these methods, multiple noise scenarios are designed to simulate possible positioning noise. The results show that the trajectory smoothing methods perform better than the outlier elimination methods regardless of the type and magnitude of noise. In particular, the Gaussian kernel smoothing can achieve the highest effect in almost all noise scenarios. For untested TNR methods that require a time window radius parameter, a 30‐s time window is a good candidate. Moreover, the visualisation verification cannot ensure the best TNR method for travel mode identification.
Cystic pancreatic neoplasms in a tertiary gastroenterologic referral center: Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound, progression rate and malignancy rate in a large unicentric cohort
Authors: Schedel Joerg , Kaess Maximilian , Schorr Wolfgang , Brookman-Amissah Dominic , Alqahtan Saleh , Pech Oliver 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction Cystic pancreatic neoplasms (CPN) are frequently diagnosed due to better diagnostic techniques and patients becoming older. However, diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and value of follow-up are still unclear.
Material and Methods The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the frequency of different cystic pancreatic neoplasms (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm [IPMN], serous and mucinous cystadenoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasia), diagnostic accuracy, size progression, and rate of malignancy using EUS in a tertiary reference center in Germany. Between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018, 455 patients were diagnosed with cystic pancreatic lesions (798 EUS examinations).
Results Endoscopic ultrasound diagnosed 223 patients with cystic pancreatic neoplasms, including 138 (61.9%) patients with branch duct IPMN, 16 (7.2%) with main duct IPMN, and five (2.2%) with mixed-type IPMN. In the largest subgroup of branch duct IPMN, cysts were size progressive in 20 patients (38.5%). Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in 21 patients, and confirmed the suspected diagnosis in 12/21 patients. 28 surgical resections were performed, in 7/28 patients (25%), high-grade dysplasia or cancer was diagnosed. Endoscopic ultrasound diagnosis of serous and mucinous cystic pancreatic neoplasms was correct in 68.4%.
Conclusions Endoscopic ultrasound differential diagnosis of CPNs is challenging. Even in a tertiary expert center, differentiation of serous and mucinous cystic neoplasia is not guaranteed. Relevant size progression of CPN, however, is rare, as is the rate of malignancy. The data of this study suggest that morphologic criteria to assess pancreatic cysts alone are not sufficient to allow a clear diagnosis. Hence, for the improved assessment of pancreatic cysts, EUS should be combined with additional tests and techniques such as MRT/MRCP, contrast-enhanced EUS, and/or FNA/fine needle biopsy including fluid analysis. The combination and correlation of imaging studies with EUS findings is mandatory.
Versorgung von Patienten/innen mit einer durch nichttuberkulöse Mykobakterien verursachten Lungenerkrankung in Deutschland – ein transsektorales patientenorientiertes Versorgungskonzept
Authors: Welte Tobias , Dinkel Julien , Maurer Florian , Richter Elvira , Rohde Gernot , Schwarz Carsten , Taube Christian , Diel Roland 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die heutige Versorgungssituation von Patienten mit einer durch nichttuberkulöse Mykobakterien verursachten Lungenerkrankung (NTM-LD) in Deutschland ist durch eine späte Diagnose, eine zumeist schlechte Prognose, vorzeitige Behandlungsabbrüche und hohe Folgekosten gekennzeichnet. V.a. bedingt durch eine erhöhte Anzahl von Krankenhausaufenthalten, sind die GKV-relevanten direkten Kosten (9.093,20 € Patient/Jahr) gegenüber typischen zugrundeliegenden Erkrankungen (z.B. Asthma: 706,00 € Patient/Jahr) erhöht. Ursachen einer Fehlversorgung sind eine unzureichende Differenzialdiagnostik, zumeist fehlende Überweiserstrukturen sowie eine eingeschränkte transsektorale Kommunikation aufgrund fehlender Vergütungsstrukturen. Die Befolgung von Behandlungsempfehlungen ist oft unzureichend und erschwert zusätzlich eine ausreichende, zweckmäßige und wirtschaftliche Versorgung.
Methodik Zur Entwicklung des Versorgungskonzeptes wurden relevante Fachgesellschaften und Patientenorganisationen zur Versorgungssituation von NTM-LD befragt. Darauf folgend wurden 20 NTM-LD-Patienten, 5 niedergelassene Pneumologen und 8 Experten zur Ermittlung des derzeitigen Patientenweges in einem explorativen qualitativen Gespräch interviewt. Auf Grundlage der gewonnen Erkenntnisse wurde das vorliegende Versorgungskonzept durch die Autoren in einem Expertengremium entwickelt.
Ergebnis Regionale Kompetenzzentren sollen Expertise bündeln und die Versorgungsqualität durch routinemäßige Konsultation und Einbeziehung in die Diagnose, Entscheidung der Behandlungsbedürftigkeit, Therapieeinleitung, Kontrolluntersuchungen und Feststellung des Therapieerfolges sowie durch eine adäquate Nachverfolgung der Patienten sicherstellen. Der überweisende Pneumologe wird weiterhin fallspezifisch die wohnortnahe Therapiebegleitung in einem präferierten Konzept der gemeinsamen Versorgung („shared-care“) übernehmen. Die Etablierung von klaren Überweiserstrukturen und Fallidentifikationskriterien helfen den niedergelassenen Leistungserbringern, Patienten unter Risiko frühzeitig in das Versorgungssystem einzubeziehen. Patienten und Pneumologen ohne spezielle NTM-Expertise müssen auf die Versorgungswege und die Schwere von NTM-LD sensibilisiert werden.
Fazit Der erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität von NTM-LD-Patienten muss mit einem patientenorientierten, interdisziplinären und transsektoralen Versorgungskonzept begegnet werden. Für ein bundesweites Pilotprojekt einer optimierten Versorgung von NTM-LD-Patienten wird daher ein Versorgungssystem mit klaren Überweiserstrukturen und Behandlungsabläufen vorgeschlagen
The Effects of the Hybrid Telerehabilitation Exercise Program in
Inactive University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic – A Randomized
Controlled Study
Authors: Özer Aysel Yildiz , Şenocak Emre , Aybey Buse Nur , Tolmaci Leonid , Sürmeli Şahzenan , Özmen İpek , Polat Mine Gülden 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background/Aim The need for alternative methods to prevent
physical inactivity and related problems is increasing day by day due to the
prevalence of physical inactivity among university students, especially in the
pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hybrid
telerehabilitation exercise program on the physical inactivity, poor sleep
quality and physio-mental negativities caused by the pandemic in university
students.
Materials and Methods The study was completed with sixty-three physically
inactive students with poor sleep quality, divided into two groups. The
physiotherapist made all assessments at baseline and after the 6-week for both
groups. Assessments consisted of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck
Depression Inventory (BDI), Short Form-12 (SF-12), and International Physical
Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). While no exercise program was
applied to the control group, one session synchronous exercise training and one
session control education were given to the exercise group. After two
synchronous training sessions, the exercise group asynchronously continued the
exercise program including indoor walking, flexibility and strengthening
exercises for 6 weeks.
Results According to inter-groups analysis, PSQI (p=0.026), BDI
(p=0.037), SF-12 Mental (p=0.007), and IPAQ-sitting
(p=0.003) of the exercise group had significant differences compared to
the control. Also, the exercise group's PSQI, BDI, SF-12, and
IPAQ-sitting time were p<0.001, while no change was observed in the
control group in the within-group analysis (p>0.05).
Conclusion Hybrid telerehabilitation exercise programs are a valuable,
simple, and practical tool to improve sleep quality, prevent inactivity, develop
and protect mental health among university students. Encouraging physically
inactive people to engage in such methods may be one of the primary preventive
approach to prevent the future negative consequences.
Construction of Spiropyrroloindolines by Dearomative [3+2]-Cycloaddition of Indoles with Oxindole-Embedded Azaoxyallyl ­Cations
Authors: Saha Jaideep , Singh Bandana , Bera Tishyasoumya , Singh Vinod P. , Priyasha Priyasha , Das Dinabandhu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA dearomative [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction of oxindole-embedded azaoxyallyl cations with indoles at the C3 position has been developed. The use of this new class of azaoxyallyl cation species in the reaction permits access to more-elaborate hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole moieties that contain a spiro-oxindole ring. The transformation displays a broad substrate scope and good regio- and stereoselectivity for the cycloaddition step. Several observations suggested that this class of azaoxyallyl cations can display a different reactivity pattern from those of commonly employed azaoxyallyl cation systems.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Gubbi Sriram , Vijayvergia Namrata , Yu Jian Q , Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Joanna , Koch Christian A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) occur in various regions of the body and present with complex clinical and biochemical phenotypes. The molecular underpinnings that give rise to such varied manifestations have not been completely deciphered. The management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) involves surgery, locoregional therapy, and/or systemic therapy. Several forms of systemic therapy, including platinum-based chemotherapy, temozolomide/capecitabine, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy have been extensively studied and implemented in the treatment of NETs. However, the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy as an option in the management of NETs has only recently garnered attention. Till date, it is not clear whether ICI therapy holds any distinctive advantage in terms of efficacy or safety when compared to other available systemic therapies for NETs. Identifying the characteristics of NETs that would make them (better) respond to ICIs has been challenging. This review provides a summary of the current evidence on the value of ICI therapy in the management of ICIs and discusses the potential areas for future research.
Comparison of Monitored Anesthesia Care with Propofol Versus Dexmedetomidine for Awake Craniotomy: A Retrospective study
Authors: Thakkar Keta , Mariappan Ramamani , Prabhu Krishna , Yadav Bijesh , Singh Georgene 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Anesthetic agents used for awake craniotomy should be safe, short-acting, titratable, and provide an adequate level of sedation and analgesia, along with facilitating adequate neurological assessment during the functional testing. Our study aims to review the efficacy and safety profile, along with the potential for neurophysiological monitoring, of two commonly used anesthetic regimens, i.e., propofol and dexmedetomidine.
Methods After the Ethics Committee approval, a retrospective analysis of 51 patients who underwent awake craniotomy for brain tumor excision over a period of 7 years was done. Those who received monitored anesthesia care (MAC) were divided into two groups, namely, Group P for that received propofol, and Group D that received dexmedetomidine and their hemodynamic profile, perioperative complications, neuromonitoring techniques, and postoperative course was noted from the records.
Results A total of 31 patients were administered MAC with propofol and 20 with dexmedetomidine. The baseline demographic data, duration of surgery, intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital stay were comparable between the two. The hemodynamic profile as assessed by the heart rate and blood pressure was also comparable. The incidence of intraoperative seizures was found to be less in Group P, though. Episodes of transient desaturation were observed more in Group P (9.7%) than in Group D (5%), but none of the patients required conversion to general anesthesia. Direct cortical stimulation was satisfactorily elicited in 80% in Group P and 85% in Group D.
Conclusion MAC with propofol and dexmedetomidine are acceptable techniques with comparable hemodynamic profile, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and potential for neurophysiological monitoring.
Capitalizing on the uniqueness of international business: Towards a theory of place, space, and organization
Authors: Beugelsdijk Sjoerd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe field of international business (IB) has been successful in developing a unique body of knowledge on the multinational corporation and on country-level contexts. A recurring debate concerns its claim to uniqueness, and to associated scholarly characteristics that distinguish IB from other fields of research. I discuss what makes IB research unique by looking at what IB theory can explain and predict. To that end, I leverage key theoretical arguments and empirical insights to advance an understanding of IB centered around a firm’s ability to create added value in more than one location. I introduce a stylized model of the multi-locational firm embedded in multiple business systems characterized by equifinality. As a result of the qualitative disjunctures that separate one place from another, multi-locational firms are confronted with additional managerial and organizational challenges. These challenges are rooted in the process of “othering”. Theorizing on the critical constructs of place, space, and organization, I argue that IB offers the most generalizable approach to understanding firms doing business in more than one location. IB’s ultimate uniqueness lies in the potential of advancing a general theory of the firm in space.
Tuning the photoreactivity of photocycloaddition by halochromism
Authors: Truong Vinh X. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher 
Published: July 2022

Harnessing the power of light for chemical transformation is a long-standing goal in organic synthesis, materials fabrication and engineering. Amongst all photochemical reactions, [2 + 2] photocycloadditions are inarguably the most important and most frequently used. These photoreactions have green characteristics by enabling new bond formation in a single step procedure under light irradiation, without the need for heat or chemical catalysis. More recently, substantial progress has been made in red-shifting the activation wavelength of photocycloadditions in response to research trends moving towards green and sustainable processes, and advanced applications in biological environments. In the past 5 years, our team has further expanded the toolbox of photocycloaddition reactions that can be triggered by visible light. In our exploration of photochemical reactivity, we found that reactivity is often red-shifted compared to the substrate’s absorption spectrum. Our efforts have resulted in red-shifted photochemical reactions, providing some of the lowest energy – and catalyst-free – photo-activated [2 + 2] cycloadditions (up to 550 nm). More recently, we introduced an additional level of control over such finely wavelength gated reactions by altering the pH of the reaction environment, thus exploiting halochromic effects to enhance or impede the photoreactivity of red-shifted [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions. In this account, we discuss the current state of halochromically regulated photochemical reactions and their potential in soft matter materials on selected examples.
The fungal rat race: mycophagy among rodent communities in eastern Australia
Authors: Elliott Todd F. , Elliott Kelsey , Vernes Karl 
Published: July 2022

Context Rodents in many parts of the world perform an important ecosystem function as dispersers of mycorrhizal fungal spores. These fungi are vital to nutrient uptake in plant communities, but many of the fungal taxa that form these associations have fruiting bodies that are reliant on animals for their spore dispersal. Aims Numerous studies have focused on the ecological importance of Australian marsupials (especially members of the Potoroidae) for the dispersal of these ecologically important fungi. We chose to focus this study on the role of murid rodents in the dispersal of these fungi in eastern Australia. Methods To compare fungal taxa in murid diets, we trapped rodents in three regions of eastern Australia; our study sites spanned over 2000 km from temperate eucalypt forests to tropical eucalypt and tropical rainforest habitats. We performed microanalysis on all scats to determine whether fungi were consumed and which taxa were being eaten. Statistical analysis was conducted to investigate trends in levels of mycophagy among species and habitats. Key results We examined 10 rodent species, and all were shown to ingest mycorrhizal fungi to varying degrees. The diversity, abundance and specific fungal taxa consumed varied depending on the site and forest type. In drier forests dominated by Eucalyptus spp., the fungal taxa consumed and dispersed were primarily ectomycorrhizal; in wetter rainforest habitats, the fungal diversity consumed was far lower and included primarily vesicular arbuscular fungi. We provide the first evidence of mycophagy by grassland melomys (Melomys burtoni) and Cape York melomys (Melomys capensis). Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of rodents as dispersers of mycorrhizal fungi across a variety of habitats from temperate to tropical forests of eastern Australia. Implications This study increases the existing knowledge of rodent diets and habitat requirements. It also provides a new angle for mammal conservation efforts, given the vital nature of the ecosystem service provided by these small and frequently overlooked mammals.
Emission spectra of argon and hydrogen excited by pulses with durations of 0.7 and 160 ns in an inhomogeneous electric field
Authors: Feng Bowen , Panchenko A N , Zhang Cheng , Tarasenko V F , Zhang Chuansheng , Sorokin D A , Kozevnikov V V , Shao Tao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the radiation of argon and hydrogen in a repetitively pulsed diffuse discharge formed in an inhomogeneous electric field at elevated gas pressure have been studied. The emission spectra are measured under a series of short voltage pulses with the durations of 0.7 ns and 160 ns. It is shown that for the diffuse discharge in pure argon, the transition of argon dimers (Ar2*, λ
max = 126 nm) have the highest intensity. Small addition of Xe to Ar contributes to the disappearance of Ar2* radiation bands and the appearance of those of ArXe* and Xe2* dimers in the plasma emission spectrum. In hydrogen, emission at the maximum wavelength of 160 nm is dominated in the spectra of the diffuse discharge and the luminescence intensity in the region of 220–280 nm is relatively low. If Ar is added to H2, the diffuse discharge behaves non-uniform. The luminescence band with the peak at 160 nm narrows, strong argon ion line (Ar+, λ
max = 191 nm) appears in the spectra, and the luminescence in the spectral region 220–280 nm reappears. The excitation temperature and electron density are diagnosed using emission spectra and images of the discharge plasma. It is shown that both of the excitation temperature and electron density increase as the electric field is enhanced, while the excitation temperature decreases as the gas pressure increases.
On the risk of secondary cancer from thymoma radiotherapy
Authors: Jalbout Wassim , Jbara Rania , Rizk Chadia , Youssef Bassem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective. This study aims at quantifying the lifetime attributable risk of secondary fatal cancer (LARFAC) to patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy treatment for thymoma, a neoplasm where cure rates and life expectancy are relatively high, patient age at presentation relatively low and indications for radiotherapy controversial depending on the disease stage. Approach. An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned, organs were contoured and a standard 6 MV 3DCRT treatment plan was produced for thymoma treatment. The phantom was loaded with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and treated by linear accelerator per plan. The TLDs were subsequently read for out-of-field dose distribution while in-field dose distribution was obtained from the planning system. Sex and age-specific lifetime radiogenic cancer risk was calculated as the sum of in-field risk and out-of-field risk. The latter risk was estimated using hybrid ICRP 2007 103-BEIR VII tables of organ-specific risks based on the linear-no threshold (LNT) model and applicable at low doses, while the former using mathematical risk models applicable at high doses. Main results. The LARFAC associated with a prescribed dose of 50 Gy to target volume in 25 fractions was in the approximate range of 1%–3%. The risk was higher for young and female patients. The largest contributing organ to this risk were the lungs by far. Using the LNT model inappropriately to calculate risk at therapeutic doses (in-field) would overestimate the risk up to tenfold. Significance. The LARFAC to patient from thymoma radiotherapy was quantified taking into consideration the inapplicability of the LNT model at therapeutic doses. The risk is not negligible; the information may be relevant to patients and clinicians.