bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of large-area, high-performance single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based heater films by roll-to-roll gravure printing
Authors: Zhang Qin , Ren Yunfei , Wang Zhenguo , Chen Xiaolian , Portilla Luis , Sun Litao , Zhang Dongyu , Zhao Jianwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we have developed an eco-friendly and fast method for the preparation of large-area high-performance single-walled-carbon-nanotube (SWCNT)-based conductive thin films on polyethylene terephthalate substrates by roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure printing technology. Large-area (16 cm × 32 cm) conductive films, consisting of SWCNT or SWCNT/silver nanowire (AgNW) films, were fabricated for the first time by R2R gravure printing technique. The conductivity, transmittance, mechanical flexibility and heating ability were evaluated in detail. For example, the square resistances of the SWCNT thin film and SWCNT/AgNW composite film were 69.92 and 17.44 Ω/□ and the optical transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm were 50.70% and 66.77%, respectively. Meanwhile, the prepared SWCNT and SWCNT/AgNW composite films exhibit excellent heating stability, temperature uniformity and resistance to bending. The composite films can withstand 6000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 3.5 mm and obtain a temperature of up to 100 °C with a low driving voltage (6 V), a fast heating response (within 15 s) and heating rate (about 4.933 °C s−1). These properties reflect the potential of SWCNTs in improving the mechanical and heating properties of composite films, which are promising for low power, large area, flexible and customizable electronic devices.
Influence of multi-timescale precipitation indices on primary tea production in Baoshan, Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Shaojuan , Lu Jun , Pope Edward , Golding Nicola , Zhou Tianjun , Li Fazhi , Duan Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The regional economy in Yunnan, Southwest China, relies heavily on tea production. Both the quality and amount of tea production are sensitive to extreme climate events, but exactly how different timescale climate events influence tea production remains unknown. In this study, we explore the dynamic responses of tea production indices in Baoshan, Yunnan to 6 multi-timescale precipitation indices (MPIs) at lags of up to 20 years. The results are as follows: (1) Wet injury caused by precipitation during summer and autumn is a prominent threat to annual tea production in Baoshan, which leads to negative impacts on annual tea yield and raw tea price, with the impact on the latter mainly reflected in tea quality during the primary processing for black tea and green tea. (2) Annual tea yield and raw tea price are negatively correlated with CDD (consecutive dry days) and R20 (very heavy precipitation days) at lags greater than one year. (3) Spring tea yield and raw tea price are negatively correlated with spring precipitation, but positively correlated with days in the winter-spring dormancy period of tea plant (WSDP) and precipitation in WSDP; the positive correlation of days in WSDP is the most prominent with spring tea production of the 3 MPIs. (4) Unlike other famous tea areas, lower R20 frequency in Baoshan is not associated with high rates of soil erosion, but the lack of drainage ditches in the tea garden still means that continuous precipitation or heavy rainfall are a risk to Baoshan tea production. The insights provided by this study will help farmers and other decision-makers to understand the mechanism of MPIs’ influence on tea production, inform regional responses in tea plantation management to the observed different precipitation trends, and improve future management decisions under a changing climate.
Improving coastal and marine resources management through a co-management approach: a case study of Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Zafar , Wu Wen , Wang Xiao Hua , Pervez Rashid , Ahmed Aziz , Baloch Amdadullah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Co-management is a system in which resource management responsibilities are shared between the state and user groups. Various national and provincial-level governments separately manage resources along the coastal and marine areas of Pakistan. The country’s existing policy framework is devoid of an integrated management approach, where the participation of real stakeholders in the decision-making process is either disregarded or missing. Therefore, the present study highlights the internal and external constraints of coastal and marine resources management issues in Pakistan and discourses the problems that halt the participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process. This research also confers the potential of a co-management framework through which the coastal and marine resources management structure can be organized to deliver local sustainability in the country. The adoption of a co-management approach in Pakistan’s coastal and marine areas would help to improve the protection and conservation of natural resources via share-based responsibility. Additionally, it provides a baseline to coastal and marine planners in the country to adopt share-based responsibility for resources management to mimic the conflicts amongst users to the environment, and those affected by the decisions can agree to understand or accept common intertwined resources.
Gaps in the knowledge of thyroid hormones and placental biology
Authors: Carvalho Daniela Pereira , Dias Ariane Fontes , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda Nancy , Ortiga-Carvalho Tania Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThyroid hormones (THs) are required for the growth and development of the fetus, stimulating anabolism, and oxygen consumption from the early stages of pregnancy to the period of fetal differentiation close to delivery. Maternal changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis are also well known. In contrast, several open questions remain regarding the relationships between the placenta and the maternal and fetal TH systems. The exact mechanism by which the placenta participates in regulating the TH concentration in the fetus and mother and the role of TH in the placenta are still poorly studied. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data in the area and highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the ontogeny and cell-specific localization of TH transporters, TH receptors, and TH metabolic enzymes in the placenta in both human and rodent models. Significant deficiencies also exist in the knowledge of the contribution of genomic and nongenomic effects of TH on the placenta and finally, how the placenta reacts during pregnancy when the mother has thyroid disease. By addressing these key knowledge gaps, improved pregnancy outcomes and management of women with thyroid alterations may be possible.
Need for Knowledge—What, Where and How? How Social Workers Handle Service and Support for Individuals with Disability
Authors: Nordgren Camilla , Anderson Lotta , Lingärde Svante , Runesson Ingrid , Staaf Annika 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the need and sources of knowledge among LSS administrators in Sweden (i.e. social workers handling service and support for individuals with disability according to the Swedish Disability Act [LSS]). Changing and challenging working conditions and issues concerning professional status warrant the aim. A questionnaire distributed via gatekeepers in a number of municipalities demonstrated that knowledge about ‘disability’, ‘law’, ‘ethics’ and ‘augmentative and alternative communication’ was rated highly. This result is particularly interesting given that many social work education programmes do not have compulsory courses in disability. Colleagues appear to be relied upon as essential sources of support and knowledge, but the knowledge sharing seems unorganised. Findings are discussed in relation to communities of practice (CoP) and shows that, due to the lack of essential knowledge from formal education and the strong dependence on colleagues, a locally developed praxis might be established. Inadequate theoretical and research-based knowledge, together with this local praxis knowledge, may result in the LSS administrators’ work becoming inadequate. A specialist education in disability studies is proposed as a prerequisite for being employed as an LSS administrator, and the inclusion of a theoretical and scientific framework in the regular CoP interaction is also recommended.
Efficacy, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Microbiome Changes of Ibezapolstat in Adults with Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 2a Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Garey Kevin W , McPherson Jacob , Dinh An Q , Hu Chenlin , Jo Jinhee , Wang Weiqun , Lancaster Chris K , Gonzales-Luna Anne J , Loveall Caroline , Begum Khurshida , Jahangir Alam M , Silverman Michael H , Hanson Blake M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
This study was the first human validation of the gram-positive bacterial DNA polymerase IIIC target in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection. The primary objectives were to assess clinical cure rates and adverse events (AEs). Secondary objectives were to evaluate plasma/fecal pharmacokinetics, microbiologic eradication, microbiome and bile acid effects, and sustained clinical cure (SCC) with ibezapolstat.

Methods
This single-arm, open-label, phase 2a study enrolled adults with C. difficile infection at 4 US centers. Patients received ibezapolstat 450 mg orally every 12 hours for 10 days and followed for an additional 28 days to assess study objectives.

Results
Ten patients with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 49 [15] years were enrolled. Seven AEs were reported classified as mild-moderate. Plasma levels of ibezapolstat ranged from 233 to 578 ng/mL while mean (SD) fecal levels were 416 (494) µg/g stool by treatment day 3 and &gt;1000 µg/g stool by days 8–10. A rapid increase in alpha diversity in the fecal microbiome was noted after starting ibezapolstat therapy, which was maintained after completion of therapy. A proportional decrease in Bacteroidetes phylum was observed (mean change [SD], −10.0% [4.8%]; P = .04) with a concomitantly increased proportion of Firmicutes phylum (+14.7% [5.4%]; P = .009). Compared with baseline, total primary bile acids decreased by a mean (SD) of 40.1 (9.6) ng/mg stool during therapy (P &lt; .001) and 40.5 (14.1) ng/mg stool after completion of therapy (P = .007). Rates of both initial clinical cure and SCC at 28 days were 100% (10 of 10 patients).

Conclusions
In this phase 2a study, 10 of 10 patients achieved SCC, demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics, minimal AEs, and beneficial microbiome and bile acids results. These results support continued clinical development.
Role of Nutrient-sensing Receptor GPRC6A in Regulating Colonic Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Inflamed Mucosal Healing
Authors: Hou Qihang , Huang Jingxi , Xiong Xia , Guo Yuming , Zhang Bingkun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells [ILC3s] sense environmental signals and are critical in gut homeostasis and immune defence. G-protein-coupled receptors [GPCRs] mediate cellular responses to diverse environmental signals. However, the GPCRs’ regulation mechanisms of ILC3s is largely unknown.

Methods
We used wild-type [WT] and GPRC6A-/- mice to investigate the role of GPRC6A in the population and the function of ILC3s. We then purified ILC3s from WT and GPRC6A-/- mice. Colitis was induced in WT mice and GPRC6A-/- mice through dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] administration or C. rodentium infection. Furthermore L-arginine, a selective GPRC6A agonist, was administered to mice with colitis.

Results
We found that colonic ILC3s expressed GPRC6A. The deficiency of GPRC6A decreased ILC3-derived interleukin-22 [IL-22] production and the number of proliferating ILC3s, which led to increased susceptibility to colon injury and pathogen infection and impaired inflamed mucosal healing. Further studies showed that L-arginine, a GPRC6A agonist, promoted colonic ILC3 expansion and function via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 [mTORC1] signalling in vitro. In addition, L-arginine attenuated DSS-induced colitis in vivo. This was associated with a significant increase in IL-22 secretion by ILC3s.

Conclusions
Our findings unveil a role for the nutrient-sensing receptor GPRC6A in colonic ILC3 function and identify a novel ILC3 receptor signalling pathway modulating inflamed mucosal healing.
Quaker Outcasts and the Creation of Missionary Anglicanism, 1691–1706
Authors: Finnegan Oliver 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article re-examines the creation and implications of missionary Anglicanism during the later 1690s. It focuses on a small group of Quaker outcasts and their role in the creation of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, as well as their continuing influence during the institution’s earliest years. An initial Anglican missionary impulse was stimulated and directed by the belated realisation among ministers that, since the 1670s, the Society of Friends had expanded rapidly in the Americas. Seeking strategies for how they might respond to this growth of organised dissent, Anglicans turned to those who had been cast out of the Society of Friends on both sides of the ocean. In particular, they sought the aid of George Keith, who had been disowned by the Quakers because of the schism he caused in Pennsylvania during 1692. These outcasts came to serve as confessional intermediaries, importing specifically Quaker techniques of missionary tours, networking and the usage of cheap print into the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Their actions also had further, parallel consequences across the Atlantic. The division Keith caused and the activities of the outcasts thereafter encouraged a reformation of Quakerism, the formation of Anglican networks and the first soundings of a transoceanic public sphere. Being neither Quakers nor truly Anglicans, but entangled with both, the outcasts fomented strife between these two faiths. However, they also promoted ecclesiological reaction and borrowing between them, which, in turn, catalysed processes of Atlantic confession-building and opened a transatlantic dimension in anglophone debates around religiosity.
‘You Can’t have a One Size Fits all Strategy in Translation’: An Interview with Fakrul Alam
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shafiqul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fakrul Alam, an academic, editor, essayist, and critic, is one of the leading translators of Bengali literature. With more than four decades of teaching experience at Dhaka University, Bangladesh, where he is currently Director of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Research Institute for Peace and Liberty, he has contributed widely to research and translation. His areas of research include, among others, colonial and postcolonial literatures, South Asian literature, and translation studies. Well known as a translator of Jibanananda Das (1899–1954), a great poet of Bengali literature, and Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), a Nobel Prize winning poet and writer, Alam has also translated works of various genres, including nonfiction and song-lyrics. His translations of the works of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Father of the Nation, famously called ‘Bangabandhu,’ Friend of Bengal, are remarkable and internationally acclaimed. In this interview, Alam has given an account of his rich body of translated works as well as his motivations to venture into translation. Moreover, he has addressed various issues of translation and translation studies along with his long journey as a translator from a postcolonial nation like Bangladesh. The interview, above all, focuses on Alam’s career as a translator, his reflections on literary translation, the challenges and prospects of Bengali literature in translation into English, his own individual strategies and techniques of translation, and his current and future translation projects. The interview was conducted online during March and April 2021.
Screening for intimate partner violence during pregnancy: a test accuracy study
Authors: Zapata-Calvente Antonella Ludmila , Megías Jesús L , Velasco Casilda , Caño Africa , Khan Khalid S , Rubio Leticia , Martín-de-las-Heras Stella 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a serious health problem that affects pregnancy more frequently than other obstetric complications usually evaluated in antenatal visits. We aimed to estimate the accuracy of the Women Abuse Screening Tool-Short (WAST-Short) and the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) for the detection of IPV during and before pregnancy.

Methods
Consecutive eligible mothers in 21 public primary health antenatal care centres in Andalusia (Spain) who received antenatal care and gave birth during January 2017–March 2019, had IPV data gathered by trained midwives in the first and third pregnancy trimesters. The index tests were WAST-Short (score range 0–2; cut-off 2) and AAS (score range 0–1; cut-off 1). The reference standard was World Health Organization (WHO) IPV questionnaire. Area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for test performance to capture IPV during and before pregnancy, and compared using paired samples analysis.

Results
According to the reference standard, 9.5% (47/495) and 19.4% (111/571) women suffered IPV during and before pregnancy, respectively. For capturing IPV during pregnancy in the third trimester, the WAST-Short (AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.63, 0.81), performed better than AAS (AUC 0.57, 95% CI 0.47, 0.66, P = 0.0001). For capturing IPV before pregnancy in the first trimester, there was no significant difference between the WAST-Short (AUC 0.69, 95% CI 0.62, 0.74) and the AAS (AUC 0.69, 95% CI 0.62, 0.74, P = 0.99).

Conclusions
The WAST-Short could be useful to screen IPV during pregnancy in antenatal visits.
Investigating Poetry with J. V. Foix
Authors: Bohn Willard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Widely considered to be the best Surrealist poet writing in Catalan, J. V. Foix incorporated a number of principles associated with Sigmund Freud into his imaginative works, in which an assortment of dream mechanisms expressed his unconscious desires, fears, thoughts, and motivations. By means of surprising associations and astonishing encounters, Foix managed to transform his everyday surroundings into a magical universe characterized by whimsical juxtapositions, impossible encounters, and unexpected discoveries. Extending from the beginning to the end of his long and distinguished career, the four poems that I have chosen to examine illustrate the characteristic manner in which he juxtaposed spatial and temporal distortions in the process of crafting his unforgettable dream-works.
Iron supplementation and paediatric HIV disease progression: a cohort study among children receiving routine HIV care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Andersen Christopher T , Duggan Christopher P , Manji Karim , Seage George R , Spiegelman Donna , Perumal Nandita , Ulenga Nzovu , Fawzi Wafaie W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Anaemia is common among HIV-infected children and iron supplementation is prescribed routinely for the prevention and management of anaemia among children. Limited evidence suggests iron supplementation may have adverse effects among HIV-infected populations. We aimed to estimate the effect of iron supplement use on mortality, disease progression and haematological outcomes among HIV-infected children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected children (aged 0–14 years) receiving antiretroviral treatment or supportive care between October 2004 and September 2014. Clinical data were recorded on morbidity and vital status, haematological status and prescriptions at each clinical visit. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for time-varying covariates were used to estimate the association of time-varying iron supplementation on the hazard rate of mortality, HIV disease stage progression, tuberculosis incidence and anaemia and microcytosis persistence.

Results
In all, 4229 children were observed during 149 260 clinic visits for a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. After adjustment for time-varying clinical covariates, time-varying iron supplementation was associated with a 2.87 times higher hazard rate of mortality (95% CI: 1.70, 4.87) and a 1.48 times higher hazard rate of HIV disease stage progression (95% CI: 1.10, 1.98). Iron supplementation was also associated with a lower rate of anaemia persistence (HR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.61). No differences in the association between iron supplementation and clinical outcomes were observed by antiretroviral therapy or anaemia status.

Conclusions
Iron supplementation may increase the risk of HIV disease stage progression and mortality among HIV-infected children, while reducing the risk of anaemia.
Multiple projection Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms on submanifolds
Authors: Lelièvre Tony , Stoltz Gabriel , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose new Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to sample probability distributions on submanifolds, which generalize previous methods by allowing the use of set-valued maps in the proposal step of the MCMC algorithms. The motivation for this generalization is that the numerical solvers used to project proposed moves to the submanifold of interest may find several solutions. We show that the new algorithms indeed sample the target probability measure correctly, thanks to some carefully enforced reversibility property. We demonstrate the interest of the new MCMC algorithms on illustrative numerical examples.
Long-Term Stability of Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotic Drugs in Blood Samples Stored at Varying Temperatures
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Laura , Woźniak Mateusz Kacper , Domagalska Ewa , Kaliszan Michał , Kot-Wasik Agata 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs are among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world and are considered standard care for various mental illnesses and for the treatment of sleeping and anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasms and epilepsy. Some BZDs are not allowed as pharmaceuticals in many countries, and they are used as designer benzodiazepines (DBZDs). All these compounds are typically screened in routine toxicological analyses for forensic purposes. Knowledge of time-dependent decreases in drug concentrations during storage or transport of samples is of considerable significance and allows forensic toxicologists to achieve reliable data, proper interpretation and high-quality results. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the amounts of selected BZDs, DBZDs and Z-drugs in blood samples stored at various temperatures. The study involved BZDs (19), DBZDs (3) and Z-drugs (2) spiked into blank blood. Subsequently, the blood samples were stored at various temperatures (room temperature, 4°C, −20°C and −80°C) for up to 6 months. Analyses were performed at 1- to 2-week intervals using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The stability of compounds was evaluated under four temperature conditions over a 6-month period. Some BZDs were stable at all temperatures tested (e.g., diazepam, oxazepam, nordazepam and prazepam) with a degradation rate of only 0–10%. The highest instability was observed for analyte samples kept at room temperature, and the losses in content for some compounds, e.g., lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide, were almost 100%. For other compounds, the stability was clearly different at each tested temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first such comprehensive study of the long-term stability of BZDs covering a wide range of different storage temperatures.