bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cesarean delivery rates based on time and indication using the Robson Ten‐Group Classification System: Assessment at a Turkish tertiary center
Authors: Golbasi Ceren , Golbasi Hakan , Bayraktar Burak , Omeroglu Ibrahim , Vural Tayfun , Sahingoz Yildirim Alkim Gulsah , Ekin Atalay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate increasing cesarean delivery (CD) rates, their causes, and changes over the years in a Turkish tertiary center using the Robson Ten‐Group Classification System (RTGCS).MethodsData of deliveries involving birth weight of ≥500 g or ≥24 weeks of gestation period from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively collected and classified from the hospital digital record system using obstetric concepts and parameters described in the RTGCS.ResultsThe overall CD rate for all births (69051) from 2013 to 2020 was 55.5%. Groups 3, 5, and 1 were the most represented groups (29.1%, 23.9%, and 19.4%, respectively). The major contributors to the overall CD rate were Groups 5, 2, and 10 (23.8%, 9.9%, and 5.6%, respectively). Groups 2 and 4 (nullipara, multipara, single cephalic at term) had high CD rates associated with high rates of pre‐labor CD (88.9% and 73.3%, respectively). The CD rate was 99.7% in Group 5, which showed recurrent CD, and 67.2% in Group 10. The overall CD rate was 60.8% in 2020 owing to the significant increase in the contributions by Groups 5, 8, and 10. The most common indication for CD was previous CD (46.1%), fetal distress (13.2%), and cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) (8%).ConclusionGroups 1, 2, 5, and 10 were the major contributors to the overall CD rate at this tertiary center. To reduce overall CD rates, policies that reduce primary CD and support vaginal delivery after cesarean section should be established.
Effect of different designs of minimally invasive cantilever resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses replacing mandibular premolar: Long‐term fracture load and 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Kasem Ammar T. , Elsherbiny Abdallah Ahmed , Abo‐Madina Manal , Tribst João Paulo M. , Al‐Zordk Walid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the fracture load and stress magnitude of different retainer designs of minimally invasive cantilever resin‐bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) after artificial aging.Materials and methodsFifty caries‐free human mandibular molars were prepared as abutments for cantilever fixed dental prostheses using different retainer designs: one wing (OW), two wings (TW), inlay ring (IR), lingual coverage (LC), and occlusal coverage (OC). Computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing were used for milling the RBFDPs using fiber‐reinforced composite (FRC), and the restorations were adhesively bonded. The specimens were then subjected to thermomechanical aging and loaded until failure. The 3D finite element analysis (FEA) was performed with five models of retainer designs similar to the in vitro test. Modified von Mises stress values on enamel, dentine, luting resin, and restorations were examined. Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (p < 0.001).ResultsA statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between all groups except between IR and LC and between OW and TW designs, with the highest mean failure load detected for OC (534.70 N) and the lowest detected for OW (129.80 N). With regard to failure mode, OW, TW, and LC showed more incidences of favorable failure patterns than IR and OC designs. FEA showed that FRC transmitted low stresses in tooth structure and high stresses to the luting resin.ConclusionsLC and OC designs can be used to design cantilever RBFDPs in premolar area. IR design transmitted more stresses to the tooth structure and resulted in 30% catastrophic failure. OW and TW were below the normal occlusal force and should be carefully used.
Textural modification of Chinese traditional stewed pig trotter: Effect of acid or alkaline‐induced degradation of collagen fibers
Authors: Zhang Yuemei , Geng Fang , Wang Ying , Cao Jinxuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of acid or alkaline treatments on the textural properties of Chinese traditional stewed pig trotter in relation to the degradation of collagen fibers. Pig trotters were subjected to different pHs of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and then stewed at 95°C for 60 min. Textural parameters (springiness, chewiness, hardness, and gumminess) of pig trotters and Raman spectroscopy, cross‐links, decorin, and glycosaminoglycans contents of collagen fibers were assessed. The acid or alkaline treatments at pH 4, 5, 6, and 8 improved the textural properties evidenced by lower chewiness, hardness, and gumminess, and promoted the unfolding of the secondary structure evidenced by a loss of α‐helix paralleled with an increase of random coil, as well as induced a breakage to the covalent cross‐links evidenced by the reduction of cross‐links, decorin, and glycosaminoglycans. This study thus concluded positive effects of acid or alkaline treatments on the textural modification of Chinese traditional stewed pig trotter in relation to the induced degradation of the collagen fibers.
The effects of trehalose synergy with NaCl on the textural, water distribution, and microstructure of snakehead fish filets induced by freeze–thaw cycles
Authors: Huang Yizhen , Liu Yu , Zhang Nana , Zhang Lin , Ma Xiaoxiao , Qin Lei , Dong Xiuping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of trehalose in concert with NaCl on the flesh of snakehead fish that had undergone freeze–thaw cycles. Four groups of treatments were compared in this study, including distilled water, 3% NaCl, antifreeze (4% wt/vol) with 3% NaCl, and 4% trehalose (wt/vol) with 3% (wt/vol) NaCl. The results showed that the addition of 4% trehalose (wt/vol) with 3% (wt/vol) NaCl reduced the cracks between muscle fibers and the pores on muscle fiber bundles caused by freeze–thaw cycles during frozen storage of snakehead fish, thus reducing mechanical damage to the fish tissue structure. Moreover, the treatment was able to reduce the thawing loss of snakehead fillets, reduce cooking loss, and help maintain the color of the fish. Further, 4% trehalose (wt/vol) + 3% (wt/vol) NaCl (T) could slow down the reduction of hardness, elasticity, and chewiness of fish fillets during frozen storage. This study provides a theoretical basis for reducing the freeze–thaw cycle on the quality changes of snakehead fish during transportation and marketing.
Quality characteristics of fresh noodles with low‐sodium salt and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Gong Wei , Chen Yu , Liu Hao , Liang Ying , Wang Jinshui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfluence of low‐sodium salt on water mobility, chemical interactions, and structural changes in noodles was investigated to explore the underlying mechanisms of noodle quality changes, and the results were in comparison with those of NaCl and KCl. Low‐sodium salt increased the cooking loss, hardness, chewiness, maximum tensile strength, and tensile fracture distance of noodles. Low‐sodium salt enhanced the interaction of water and non‐aqueous components in noodles by reducing water mobility. Besides, chemical interaction test showed that low‐sodium salt induced the oxidation of some free SH groups to form SS bonds, and strengthened the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds of gluten. Fluorescence spectra revealed that low‐sodium salt changed the microenvironment of gluten molecules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that low‐sodium salt noodles presented a more continuous and compact microstructure. Among the three kinds of salted noodles, some qualities of low‐sodium salt noodles were equivalent to or slightly worse than those of NaCl noodles, but higher than those of KCl noodles. Hence, replacing part of NaCl with KCl in noodle products is an effective method to reduce sodium content.
Biophysical predictors of spatial variation in abundance and population dynamics of an invasive decapod
Authors: Bloch Christopher P. , Sawyer Samantha J. , Hathaway Nicholas B. , Bouley Kourtnie , Briggs Jocelyn L. , Frew Victoria , Surasinghe Thilina D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPopulation dynamics of invasive species and their impacts on native communities vary substantially geographically and in different environmental contexts. Therefore, effective management of invasive species requires understanding how habitat characteristics, anthropogenic effects, or other perturbations can influence their abundance and impacts on native communities at multiple spatial and temporal scales. This is particularly challenging when geographically widespread, long‐term data are lacking. The Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus, is a well‐studied invader on the Atlantic North American coast. A few studies suggest that its populations may be declining in parts of its introduced range, but spatial variation in its population dynamics is considerable even among geographically proximal habitats. We explore the ability of habitat characteristics and prey availability to predict abundance of the Asian shore crab at 12 rocky intertidal sites in southern New England over 5 years (2014–2018). Overall, abundance of the Asian shore crab increased non‐linearly with time, with the rate of increase declining over time, but abundance varied among sites and population dynamics were spatially asynchronous. Aspects of habitat complexity and disturbance strongly contributed to variation in abundance, but the most important predictors reflected complex and non‐linear interactions among sea surface temperature, latitude, and prey abundance. The influence of prey abundance and latitude on crab abundance were modulated by the survey years, which underscores the importance of temporal variation in mediating the species–habitat relationship. Uncovering such intricate dynamics warrants long‐term data on population trends and impacts of invasive species, geographically replicated at multiple sites to capture regional heterogeneity.
Investigating the igneous petrogenesis of Martian volcanic rocks using augite quantitative textural analysis of the Yamato nakhlites
Authors: Griffin Sammy , Udry Arya , Daly Luke , Forman Lucy Victoria , Lee Martin R. , Cohen Benjamin E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo better understand volcanism on planetary bodies other than the Earth, the quantification of physical processes is needed. Here, the petrogenesis of the achondrite Martian Yamato (Y) nakhlites (Y 000593, Y 000749, and Y 000802) is reinvestigated via quantitative analysis of augite (high‐Ca clinopyroxene) phenocrysts: crystal size distribution (CSD), spatial distribution patterns (SDP), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Results from CSD and EBSD quantitative data sets show augite to have continuous uninterrupted growth resulting in calculated minimum magma chamber residence times of either 88–117 ± 6 yr or 9–12 yr. All samples exhibit low‐intensity S‐LS type crystallographic preferred orientation. Directional strain is observed across all samples with intracrystalline misorientation patterns indicative of (100)[001]:(001)[100] (Y 000593 and Y 000802) and {110}<001>or {110}1/2<110> (Y 000749) slip systems. SDP results indicate phenocryst‐bearing crystal‐clustered rock signatures. Combined findings from this work show that the Yamato nakhlites formed on Mars as individual low‐viscosity lava flows or sills. This study shows that through combining these different quantitative techniques over multiple samples, one can more effectively compare and interpret resulting data to gain a more robust, geologically contextualized petrogenetic understanding of the rock suite being studied. The techniques used in this study should be equally applicable to igneous achondrites from other parent bodies.
Glyphosate affects the neurochemical phenotype of the intramural neurons in the duodenum in the pig
Authors: Palus Katarzyna , Bulc Michał , Całka Jarosław 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlyphosate‐based herbicides have been one of the most intensively used pollutants worldwide and food products containing glyphosate are an essential component of human and animal diet. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of glyphosate intoxication on the neurochemical properties of the enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons located in the wall of the porcine duodenum.MethodsFifteen sexually immature gilts divided into 3 groups were used: control—animals receiving empty gelatin capsules; G1—animals receiving a low dose of glyphosate—corresponding to the theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) ‐ 0.05 mg/kg bw/day; G2—animals receiving a higher dose of glyphosate—corresponding to the acceptable daily intake (ADI)—0.5 mg/kg/day in gelatin capsules orally for 28 days. After this time, the animals were euthanized and small intestine samples were collected. Frozen sections were then subjected to the procedure of double immunofluorescent staining.Key resultsGlyphosate supplementation led to alterations in the neurochemical code of the ENS neurons in the porcine duodenum. Generally, increased population of neurons immunoreactive to PACAP, CGRP, CART, nNOS, and a decreased number of VAChT‐like immunoreactive neurons were noted.Conclusions and inferencesIt may be a first preclinical symptom of digestive tract dysfunction in the course of glyphosate intoxication and further studies are needed to assess the toxicity and risks of glyphosate to humans.
Spanish translation and validation of a hybrid, health‐related quality of life questionnaire for chronic esophageal conditions: NEQOL‐S
Authors: Oleas Roberto , Puga‐Tejada Miguel , Sánchez‐Carriel María , Valero Manuel , Martin‐Delgado Jimmy , Ospina Jessenia , Muñoz‐Jurado Guillermo , Egas‐Izquierdo Maria , Arevalo‐Mora Martha , Alvarado‐Escobar Haydee , Pitanga‐Lukashok Hannah , Baquerizo‐Burgos Jorge , Robles‐Medranda Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic esophageal conditions (CEC) are associated with significant disease‐related burden, disability, and costs. Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) constructs are intended to capture the physical, mental, social, and emotional aspects of a patient's life and how health status impacts these domains. The Northwestern Esophageal Quality of Life (NEQOL) can be used among esophageal diseases while maintaining sensitivity to specific conditions. We aimed to translate, cross‐cultural adapt, and validate the NEQOL into Spanish.MethodsAfter language and cross‐cultural adaptation, the NEQOL was applied to an outpatient clinic‐based population in a single tertiary center. We analyzed the internal consistency, construct, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability of the questionnaire. The criterion validity was tested against the SF‐12 questionnaire.Key ResultsAfter completing the translation process, no item was considered problematic. A total of 385 patients were included in the validation study. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the total NEQOL‐S score was 0.89. The NEQOL‐S questionnaire showed moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.828; 95% CI 0.755–0.881; p < 0.001). Criterion validity showed good coherence when correlated with the SF‐12 survey (R2 = 0.538; 95% CI 0.491–0.585, p < 0.001).Conclusions and InferencesThe translated and cross‐culturally adapted NEQOL‐S showed good psychometric properties that allow its use in Spanish‐speaking patients suffering from CEC.
Blue days: A mid‐20th century war memorial swimscape and the persistence of memory
Authors: Boswijk Gretel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWar memorials were intended to console the living, honour the dead and remind future generations of duty and sacrifice. In living memorials, the combination of remembrance with celebrating life introduces a tension between the sacred and the profane, affecting the memory work of the memorial. Here, the persistence of memory in living memorials is explored using the 1956 Onehunga War Memorial Swimming Pool in Auckland. Intended as a permanent reminder of the sacrifices of war, changes to the complex have externalised the memorial. The meanings embodied in memorials that resonate with one generation can have less connection for the next, resulting in loss of memory over time.
Can details depoliticize? An examination of the formalization strategy
Authors: Hansen Jesper Asring 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolitical superiors bestow legitimacy on decisions when delegating authority to agencies. Yet, research convincingly demonstrates that the delegation of authority to agencies does not guarantee depoliticized decisions. political principals with the intent of signaling depoliticization may limit agency discretion by invoking a formalization strategy: a strategy where the principal details what constitutes a legitimate decision. The argument of this study is that this strategy falls short in achieving depoliticization, because agencies have incentives to accommodate key voters' opinions, especially in resourceful constituencies. I test the argument by analyzing decisions made by the United Kingdom's Office for Standards in Education—an agency subject to strong formalization requirements when making decisions. In support of the argument, I find that key voters' opinions predict decisions more strongly than any of the other items specified by the political principal, and that voters' opinions matter more in constituencies with high mobilization potentials.
A re‐examination of the US insurance market's capacity to pay catastrophe losses
Authors: Dionne Georges , Desjardins Denise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCummins, Doherty, and Lo (2002) present a theoretical and empirical analysis of the capacity of the property liability insurance industry in the US to finance catastrophic losses. In their theoretical analysis, they show that a sufficient condition for capacity maximization is for all insurers to hold a net of reinsurance underwriting portfolio that is perfectly correlated with aggregate industry losses. Estimating capacity from insurers' financial statement data, they find that the US insurance industry could adequately fund a $100 billion event in 1997. As a matter of comparison, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 cost the insurance industry $40 to $65 billion (2005 dollars). Our main objective is to update the study of Cummins et al. (2002) with new data available up to the end of 2020. We verify how the insurance market's capacity has evolved over recent years. We show that the US insurance industry's capacity to pay catastrophe losses is higher in 2020 than it was in 1997. Insurers could pay 98% of a $200 billion loss in 2020, compared to 81% in 1997.
Robust quasi‐randomization‐based estimation with ensemble learning for missing data
Authors: Lee Danhyang , Zhang Li‐Chun , Chen Sixia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMissing data analysis requires assumptions about an outcome model or a response probability model to adjust for potential bias due to nonresponse. Doubly robust (DR) estimators are consistent if at least one of the models is correctly specified. Multiply robust (MR) estimators extend DR estimators by allowing for multiple models for both the outcome and/or response probability models and are consistent if at least one of the multiple models is correctly specified. We propose a robust quasi‐randomization‐based model approach to bring more protection against model misspecification than the existing DR and MR estimators, where any multiple semiparametric, nonparametric or machine learning models can be used for the outcome variable. The proposed estimator achieves unbiasedness by using a subsampling Rao–Blackwell method, given cell‐homogenous response, regardless of any working models for the outcome. An unbiased variance estimation formula is proposed, which does not use any replicate jackknife or bootstrap methods. A simulation study shows that our proposed method outperforms the existing multiply robust estimators.
Topological corrections and conformal backreaction in the Einstein Gauss–Bonnet/Weyl theories of gravity at $$D=4$$
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Maglio Matteo Maria , Theofilopoulos Dimosthenis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate the gravitational backreaction, generated by coupling a general conformal sector to external, classical gravity, as described by a conformal anomaly effective action. We address the issues raised by the regularization of the topological Gauss–Bonnet and Weyl terms in these actions and the use of dimensional regularization (DR). We discuss both their local and nonlocal expressions, as possible IR and UV descriptions of conformal theories, below and above the conformal breaking scale. Our discussion overlaps with several recent studies of dilaton gravities – obtained via a certain singular limit of the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) theory – originally introduced as a way to bypass Lovelock’s theorem. We show that nonlocal, purely gravitational realizations of such EGB theories, quadratic in the dilaton field, beside their local quartic forms, are possible, by a finite renormalization of the Euler density. Such nonlocal versions, which are deprived of any scale, can be expanded, at least around flat space, in terms of the combination $$R \Box ^{-1}$$

R

□

-
1

times multiple variations of the anomaly functional, as pointed out in recent studies at $$d=4$$

d
=
4

. Similar conclusions can be drawn for the proposed nonlocal EGB theory. The expansion emerges from previous investigations of the anomalous conformal Ward identities that constrain such theories around the flat spacetime limit in momentum space.
Identification and simulation of surface alpha events on passivated surfaces of germanium detectors and the influence of metalisation
Authors: Abt I. , Gooch C. , Hagemann F. , Hauertmann L. , Liu X. , Schulz O. , Schuster M. , Zsigmond A. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEvents from alpha interactions on the surfaces of germanium detectors are a major contribution to the background in germanium-based searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay. Surface events are subject to charge trapping, affecting their pulse shape and reconstructed energy. A study of alpha events on the passivated end-plate of a segmented true-coaxial n-type high-purity germanium detector is presented. Charge trapping is analysed in detail and an existing pulse-shape analysis technique to identify alpha events is verified with mirror pulses observed in the non-collecting channels of the segmented test detector. The observed radial dependence of charge trapping confirms previous results. A dependence of the probability of charge trapping on the crystal axes is observed for the first time. A first model to describe charge trapping effects within the framework of the simulation software SolidStateDetectors.jl is introduced. The influence of metalisation on events from low-energy gamma interactions close to the passivated surface is also presented.
Cosmological phase transitions, gravitational waves and self-interacting dark matter in the singlet extension of MSSM
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Xie Ke-Pan , Xu Wu-Long , Yang Jin Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) extended by a singlet superfield, when the coupling between the singlet sector and the MSSM sector is tiny, the singlet sector can be a quasi dark sector with supersymmetry (SUSY). We investigate the cosmological phenomena in this scenario and obtain the following observations: (i) In the parameter space solving the small cosmological scale anomalies via self-interacting singlino dark matter (SIDM), a first-order phase transition (FOPT) can readily happen but requires rather light dark matter below MeV; (ii) The corresponding parameter space indicated by FOPT and SIDM can be partially covered by detecting the phase-transition gravitational waves (GWs) at the near-future projects, such as LISA, TianQin and Taiji. Therefore, the recently developed GW astronomy could be a novel probe to such a SUSY scenario.