bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of interactions of the cationic 12–2–12 Gemini surfactant with saccharides in aqueous solution: volumetric, compressibility and viscometric analysis
Authors: Atika  , Singh Kuldeep , Chauhan Suvarcha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the present study, the interaction behaviour of 12–2–12 Gemini surfactant in aqueous saccharide solutions (lactose and maltodextrin solutions) is investigated using density, sound velocity and viscosity measurements. The density and sound velocity data were used to determine the volume and compressibility parameters. The effects of temperature and concentration/strength of the solutions on the interaction behaviour were analysed by conductivity studies over a wide temperature (293.15–313.15) K and concentration range of the saccharides as well as of the surfactant. It was found that predominantly hydrophobic interactions together with ionic/hydrophilic interactions between 12–2–12 Gemini surfactant and the saccharides maltodextrin and lactose play a role. In addition, the structural changes in the 12–2–12 Gemini solutions induced by lactose and maltodextrin were investigated by viscosity measurements. The results confirm the observations from the volume and compressibility studies. The study of the different hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions in the Gemini surfactant-sacharide-water mixtures are very helpful to understand the structural behaviour of Gemini surfactants in the view of their biological significance.
The Tortoise and the Hare: Industry Clockspeed and Resilience of Production and Knowledge Networks in Montréal’s Aerospace Industry
Authors: Li Pengfei , Turkina Ekaterina , Van Assche Ari 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA central challenge in current cluster policy discussions is how to build innovative clusters that are resilient to external shocks. We examine the Montréal aerospace industry to explore cluster resilience. The case is interesting since it recently experienced two industrial shocks: Boeing 737 MAX crashes in 2018 and 2019 and Bombardier’s sell-off of its flagship CSeries in 2020. Surprisingly, in the wake of the two radical disruptions, the cluster fared quite well in terms of employment and export performance. Using the method of abductive reasoning to find a-matter-of-course explanation of the surprising case, we observe that a low speed of aircraft development and production – a low industry clockspeed – stabilizes local production and knowledge networks through five mechanisms: long-term contracting, R&D cost sharing, production planning, social networking, and technology solidifying. Inspired from the case, we theoretically explore how fast (e. g., fashion and cellphones or the hare) and low (e. g., shipbuilding and aerospace or the tortoise) industry clockspeeds lead to different configurations of firm relations and are thus associated with different types of economic resilience.
Fiber-optic Michelson interferometer for detecting coolant level and refractive index
Authors: Feng Luqiao , Zhang Qili , Lou Ruting , He Sijie , Yang Xiaozhan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an interferometer based on a single-mode fiber-multimode fiber-thin-core fiber (SMF–MMF–TCF) Michelson interference structure that can be used for the measurements of coolant level and refractive index. Because of the different diameters of the cores of the individual fibers, optical excitation and coupling occur at the splicing points of the fibers. The multimode fibers are the couplers in the sensing structure, which allow the exciting light to enter the cladding of the thin-core fibers. The end face of the thin-core fiber is coated with a silver film to enhance the reflectivity of the light. The results show that the interference intensity first increases and then decreases with the length of TCF. When TCF is 4 cm, the interference light intensity is the strongest. The sensitivity of the sensor is 138.091 nm/RIU with the linearity of 0.977 over the refractive index of the coolant in the range of 1.3605–1.3880, and the temperature and time effects on the sensor are small. The proposed sensor has the advantages of simple fabrication, high repeatability, and good stability and it can be applied to the measurements of coolant level and refractive index in automotive engines.
Thermodynamics of the classical spin triangle
Authors: Schmidt Heinz-Jürgen , Schröder Christian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The classical spin system consisting of three spins with Heisenberg interaction is an example of a completely integrable mechanical system. In this paper, we explicitly calculate thermodynamic quantities such as density of states, specific heat, susceptibility and spin autocorrelation functions. These calculations are performed (semi-)analytically and shown to agree with corresponding Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the thermodynamic functions depend qualitatively on the character of the system in terms of its frustration, especially w. r. t. their low temperature limit. For the long-time autocorrelation function, we find, for certain values of the coupling constants, a decay to constant values in the form of an 1/t damped harmonic oscillation and propose a theoretical explanation.
Recension du livre Diners, Dudes and Diets
Authors: Perron Janie 
Published: April 2022

Le livre Diners, Dudes and Diets d’Emily Contois offre une occasion particulière aux lecteur·ice·s d’approfondir leur compréhension du caractère genré de l’alimentation dans le contexte historique états-unien. Dans son ouvrage, Contois illustre la manière dont l’industrie contribue à la construction des binarités entre les genres pour accroître la vente de ses produits. L’utilisation d’un personnage masculin, celui du « dude », permettrait de rejoindre les hommes au 21e siècle dans la vente de simples objets de consommation comme les aliments. Conformément au souhait de la chercheuse, ce type d’étude sur les représentations médiatiques des aliments donne lieu à une remise en question du système patriarcal qui nous nuit à différents degrés.
Die vertragsrechtlichen Folgen einer rückwirkenden steuerlichen Neubewertung kombinierter Wertpapierdarlehen
Authors: Herresthal Carsten 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der nachfolgende Beitrag befasst sich mit der vertraglichen Risikozuordnung bei Wertpapierdarlehen. Diese wird aktuell, wenn die steuerliche Anerkennung von kombinierten Wertpapierdarlehen in Umsetzung der jüngsten BMF-Schreiben versagt wird. In der Folge kann eine Partei die Kapitalertragsteuer und den Solidaritätszuschlag nicht auf die eigene Körperschaftssteuer anrechnen. Darüber hinaus wird in jüngerer Zeit auch die Abzugsfähigkeit der Kompensationszahlung an die andere Partei als Betriebsausgabe abgelehnt. Die Verteilung der Risiken der steuerlichen Anerkennung bei Wertpapierdarlehen harrt bislang einer tieferen Analyse.
Tuberculosis challenges: Resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Heidary Mohsen , Shirani Maryam , Moradi Melika , Goudarzi Mehdi , Pouriran Ramin , Rezaeian Tayebe , Khoshnood Saeed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), followed by effective treatment, is the cornerstone of global TB control efforts. An estimated 3 million cases of TB remain undetected each year. Early detection and effective management of TB can prevent severe disease and reduce mortality and transmission. Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) severely restricted the anti-TB therapeutic options, and public health policies are required to preserve the new medications to treat TB. In addition, TB and HIV frequently accelerate the progression of each other, and one disease can enhance the other effect. Overall, TB-HIV co-infections show an adverse bidirectional interaction. For HIV-infected patients, the risk of developing TB disease is approximately 22 times higher than for persons with a protective immune response. Analysis of the current TB challenges is critical to meet the goals of the end TB strategy and can go a long way in eradicating the disease. It provides opportunities for global TB control and demonstrates the efforts required to accelerate eliminating TB. This review will discuss the main challenges of the TB era, including resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment.
Comparison of the Contributions of Knee and Hip Muscle Strength on Maximum Oxygen Consumption Parameters During Continuous and Constant Test Protocols
Authors: ACAR Nasuh Evrim , UMUTLU Gökhan 
Published: April 2022

Preliminary VO2max verification testing allows to examine the reproducibility of comparable tests in the same participants and helps to verify whether neuromuscular performance is associated with VO2max during different testing conditions. The main purpose of this study was to compare VO2max values obtained using a graded treadmill and cycling protocols and to verify whether the results are also reproducible during the constant time to exhaustion testing protocols. The second rationale of the study was to characterize the contributions of hip and knee muscle strength during four different testing conditions, and to determine how these quantities change when altering the modality of exercise for a given exercise intensity. A repeated measures study design was used. A total of 20 healthy male participants (21.20±2.17 years) underwent preliminary VO2max testing sessions on treadmill and cycling ergometers with 24 h intervals. Isokinetic strength performance of hip and knee muscles was tested at 60o /sec angular velocity. A paired and independent sample t test was performed for inter group and intra group comparisons. Linear regression was applied to determine the percentage of variation in VO2max testing outputs during either testing modality explained by hip and knee muscle streng th parameters. Lower extremity strength characteristics of hip and knee were symmetric between the dominant and nondominant limb (p&gt;0.05). VO2max and blood lactate concentration were significantly greater during constant testing protocols for either testi ng modalities (p&lt;0.001). Hip muscle strength performance explained a greater variation in VO 2max parameters during incremental (cycling r2 =0.25, running r2 = 0.24) and constant (cycling r2 = 0.35, running r2 = 0.33) testing protocols for either testing modal ity compared to the contribution of knee muscle strength performance on VO2max parameters during incremental (cycling r2 = 0.17, running r2 = 0.17) and constant (cycling r2 = 0.23, running r2 = 0.18) testing protocols. The local muscular performance of the hip and knee muscles were strongly related with the changes in running and cycling mechanics and hip muscles had a greater contribution to the VO2max performance during constant protocols than knee muscles . In conclusion, the extent to which contribution of lower extremity muscles during VO2max testing relies more on the mode of the exercise rather than the type of the testing modality.
Lecciones aprendidas sobre cambio cultural y competencias directivas para la generación de contextos socio-sanitarios favorables a la atención centrada en las personas (ACP)
Authors: Amunarriz Gerardo , Alcalde-Heras Henar 
Published: April 2022

La literatura y la experiencia reflejan la dificultad en la generalización de un cambio cultural en organizaciones socio-sanitarias. La investigación se centra en revelar los intentos directivos para escalar las buenas prácticas generadas en el proyecto piloto “Etxean Ondo” mediante una aproximación cualitativa y constructivista, basada en la teoría fundamentada e investigación acción. El objetivo de este artículo es fundamentar aquellas claves organizativas que han favorecido el cambio cultural y las competencias directivas necesarias para la generación de un contexto organizacional favorable al marco ético de la Atención Centrada en la Personas (ACP). Además de una contribución conceptual, se incluyen una serie de recomendaciones prácticas a modo de “buenas prácticas” que la investigación identifica como claves en la gestión directiva favorable a la ACP: i) acciones relacionadas con la organización informal (dimensión intersubjetiva); ii) acciones relacionadas con los participantes (dimensión subjetiva); iii) acciones relacionadas con la organización formal (dimensión objetiva). El carácter de este estudio es exploratorio, pero se espera que los resultados emergentes, proporcionen elementos de reflexión a otros gestores interesados en emprender una trasformación organizativa
Recibido: 29 octubre 2021Aceptado: 25 enero 2022
Empresas conscientes: un modelo de productividad con propósito humanista
Authors: Álamo Hernández Pablo 
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo de investigación propone un acercamiento al universo de las empresas conscientes, es decir, de las organizaciones que realizan su propósito de negocio partiendo de sus valores, eligen acciones coherentes con ellos y actúan con un sentido de responsabilidad incondicional. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que es posible tener una alta productividad siendo una empresa consciente. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, tiene un enfoque humanista y práctico, al analizar la experiencia de una consultora experta en asesorar a empresas en sus retos de productividad. Se presentan los resultados del modelo aplicado a más de 400 clientes en América Latina. La conclusión más importante de este trabajo es la convicción de que un modelo de productividad apto para las empresas conscientes debe compaginar el crecimiento económico sostenible y el desarrollo humano integral poniendo a la libertad, el empoderamiento y la autogestión de los colaboradores al centro de su estrategia de crecimiento.
Recibido: 1 noviembre 2021Aceptado 14 febrero 2022
Frictional Characterization Of Grey Cast Iron Train Brake Block Using A Reduced Scale Dynamometer
Authors: Utama Bernardus Prasetya 
Published: April 2022

The brake block is an important component that serves to slow down and stop the train. The safety of this transportation is very dependent on the reliability of this component. One of the important features of the brake block material is the coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction of the brake block material must meet and match the requirements. The coefficient of friction of a material is measured using a friction test. Previous studies have shown that the friction coefficient of a material is influenced by braking conditions, namely contact pressure and friction speed. Many friction testing methods have been developed to study the characteristics of friction materials. In contrast to previous studies, in this study, the frictional characteristics of gray cast iron brake blocks were evaluated using a reduced scale dynamometer. The friction test is carried out by pressing the brake block specimen to the surface of the rotating wheel. The specimen size of the brake block and carriage wheels is reduced to 1/4 of the original size. The friction test is carried out at a contact pressure of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 (MPa) and the friction speeds of 3, 6, 9, and 12 (m/s). The results of this study indicate that the coefficient of friction of the gray cast iron brake block decreases with increasing friction speed and contact pressure.
Tracking COVID-19 Inequities Across Jurisdictions Represented in the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC): The COVID-19 Health Inequities in BCHC Cities Dashboard
Authors: Bilal Usama , McCulley Edwin , Li Ran , Rollins Heather , Schnake-Mahl Alina , Mullachery Pricila H. , Vaidya Vaishnavi , Koh Celina , Dureja Kristina , Sharaf Asma , Furukawa Alyssa , Juliano Chrissie , Barber Sharrelle , Kolker Jennifer , Diez Roux Ana V. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives. To describe the creation of an interactive dashboard to advance the understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic from an equity and urban health perspective across 30 large US cities that are members of the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC). Methods. We leveraged the Drexel‒BCHC partnership to define the objectives and audience for the dashboard and developed an equity framework to conceptualize COVID-19 inequities across social groups, neighborhoods, and cities. We compiled data on COVID-19 trends and inequities by race/ethnicity, neighborhood, and city, along with neighborhood- and city-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and built an interactive dashboard and Web platform to allow interactive comparisons of these inequities across cities. Results. We launched the dashboard on January 21, 2021, and conducted several dissemination activities. As of September 2021, the dashboard included data on COVID-19 trends for the 30 cities, on inequities by race/ethnicity in 21 cities, and on inequities by neighborhood in 15 cities. Conclusions. This dashboard allows public health practitioners to contextualize racial/ethnic and spatial inequities in COVID-19 across large US cities, providing valuable insights for policymakers. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(6):904–912. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306708 )
Proposing a Model for the Effects of Green Human Resource Management on Organizational Sustainability Considering the Mediating Role of Service Culture and Motivation in Sports Organizations of Fars Province in Iran
Authors: Naser Mohsen , mostahfezian mina , Karimian Jahangir , Zahedi Hamid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: The main objective of the current study is to present a model for the effects of green human resource management on organizational sustainability considering the mediating role of service culture and motivation in sports organizations of Fars Province in Iran. The statistical population of the study includes all the employees in sports organizations of Fars Province (General Sports and Youth Offices; managers of sports clubs; presidents, vice-presidents, and secretariats of sports boards; and physical education offices of universities). Then, 395 employees and managers from those organizations were selected using stratified sampling to complete a questionnaire online or offline. Results: The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS, and the final model was presented. The reliability of green resource management, organizational sustainability, service culture, and motivation questionnaires was evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, resulting in 0.86, 0.78, 0.96, and 0.85, respectively. The results indicate the good fit of the model presented in the study. The results show that green human resource management impacted sustainability with a path coefficient of 0.364. Moreover, the findings show that with a path coefficient of 0.409, the variable of service culture plays a mediating role in the relationship between green human resource management and sustainability. However, with a path coefficient of 0.0001, the variable of motivation does not play a mediating role in the relationship between green human resource management and sustainability.
Short-term Outcomes of IgA Nephropathy with Renal Insufficiency at Biopsy and Their Impact on Long-term Prognosis
Authors: Huang Xiaodan , Lin Qizhan , Shen Miaoying , Yang Min , Lin Jiarong , Chen Yizhen , Li Jundu , Lu Fuhua , Wang Lixin , Yang Haifeng , Li Weiping , He Qinglian , Cao Yanfei , Wen Bin , Liu Xusheng , Zou Chuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: More than 50% of IgAN had renal insufficiency when diagnosed, but the short-term outcomes and their impact on long-term prognosis remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between short-term outcomes and long-term prognosis of IgAN with renal insufficiency at biopsy and their affecting factors.Methods: We recruited 187 biopsy-proven IgAN patients with renal insufficiency. They were divided into renal function improvement (RFI) group, renal function stabilization (RFS) group and renal function progression (RFP) group according to Scr within 6 months of follow-up. The endpoint was a combination of a ≥50% decline in eGFR or ESRD. Results: In the multivariate Logistic regression, proteinuria (OR = 1.263, 95% CI = 1.017-1.569) and C2 (OR = 3.577, 95% CI = 1.016-12.595) were favorable factors for RFI. We found that in RFI group, IgAN with mainly active lesions (especially C1), mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≤105mmHg, proteinuria >1g/24h, and renal insufficiency at biopsy (110-154μmol/L) may be more likely to benefit from immunosuppression (p <0.01). Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) can improve the long-term prognosis in RFP group (P = 0.005). The multivariate Cox regression showed that RFP (HR = 9.051, 95% CI = 4.116-19.903) was an independent risk factor for poor long-term prognosis, while RFI (HR = 0.355, 95% CI = 0.128-0.986) was a protective factor.Conclusions: Short-term outcomes of IgAN with renal insufficiency at biopsy were associated with proteinuria, crescent, and immunosuppression. Early identification and control of factors associated with RFI, such as C2 and proteinuria, may improve long-term prognosis.
Storage and distribution of organic carbon in cave sediments: examples from two caves in the northern karst region of Puerto Rico
Authors: Downey Autum R , Riddell Jill L , Padilla Ingrid Y , Vesper Dorothy J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The clastic sediments that accumulate in cave settings can be an important storage reservoir for organic carbon, affect contaminant fate and transport, and contribute to ecosystem processes. This study reports on grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, and total organic carbon:total organic nitrogen (TOC:TON) ratios measured in sediments from two caves in Puerto Rico. El Tallonal Cave (TAL) is a small cave with a flowing stream; the sediments from TAL were collected from a deposit that is being actively eroded. Cueva Cave (CAM) is an upper level of the Río Camuy Cave System; the sediments from CAM were newly deposited by an internal river that rose in response to Hurricane Maria. Sediments collected from both caves were poorly sorted and contained no apparent stratigraphic correlation. CAM sediments contained a larger range in TOC concentrations but were overall lower than TOC in the TAL sediments. In TAL, the TOC concentrations were higher in sediments collected from below the usual water level. TOC:TON ratios from sediments at both caves were highly variable, highlighting the heterogeneous deposition and storage of organic matter. Despite the observed variation, TOC concentrations in both cave systems cause retardation of organic contaminants by up to two orders-of-magnitude, implying that deposited sediments influence the fate of organic contaminants in the groundwater; therefore, cave sediments could facilitate long term storage of organic carbon and associated contaminants.