bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lunar phase and temperature on bat activity and species richness at varying altitudes in the Kunene Region, Namibia
Authors: Mushabati Lina M. , Eiseb Seth J. , Benda Petr , Laverty Theresa M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBat activity and species richness patterns are often used to assess bat population trends. Understanding how environmental conditions affect bat activity is thus important for bat conservation, but understudied across much of Africa. To address this information gap, we examined the effects of environmental factors (i.e. lunar phase and ambient temperature) on bat activity and species richness in the northern Namib Desert, Namibia. From May 2016 to March 2017, we deployed long‐term acoustic detectors at three locations of varying altitudes to record bat activity and captured bats to confirm species identities once per month. In total, we recorded 5865 passes from six bat families, with Vespertilionidae and Molossidae occurring at all sites. Lunar phase did not significantly affect activity on full moon versus new moon nights. Bat activity generally peaked at all sites in the early evenings independent of lunar phase, suggesting that foraging just after sunset may be adaptive. Ambient temperature had a negative effect on bat activity at all sites and bats were not active when temperatures were >35°C or ≤11°C, but bat activity peaked during the summer months. Despite differences in temperatures across sites, community composition was not related to altitude. Long‐term monitoring of desert bat activity and species richness is important not only for addressing large knowledge gaps about the population trends and behaviours of these Namibian species and about bats in arid landscapes more generally, but also for informing local bat conservation efforts across a range of environmental conditions.
‘I can't go, I can't afford it’: Financial concern amongst health students undertaking rural and remote placements during COVID‐19
Authors: Jessup Belinda , Hoang Ha , Podubinski Tegan , Obamiro Kehinde , Bourke Lisa , Hellwege Barbara , Jatrana Santosh , Heaney Susan , Farthing Annie , Sheepway Lyndal , Rasiah Rohan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs the coronavirus pandemic unfolded during 2020, widespread financial uncertainty emerged amongst university students across the globe. What is not yet clear is how Australian health students were financially impacted during the initial stages of the pandemic and whether this influenced their ability to undertake planned rural or remote placements.ObjectiveTo examine (a) financial concern amongst health students during COVID‐19, (b) the financial implications of changes to planned rural or remote placements and (c) the impact of these factors on students' ability to undertake placements during the pandemic.DesignMixed‐methods design involving an online survey (n = 1210) and semi‐structured interviews (n = 29). Nursing, medical and allied health students with a planned University Department of Rural Health‐facilitated rural or remote placement between February and October 2020 were invited to participate.Findings54.6% of surveyed students reported financial concern during COVID‐19. Financial concern correlated with both changes in financial position and employment, with 36.6% of students reporting a reduction in income and 43.1% of students reporting a reduction in, or cessation of regular employment. Placement changes yielded a range of financial implications. Cancelled placements saved some students travel and accommodation costs, but left others out of pocket if these expenses were prepaid. Placements that went ahead often incurred increased accommodation costs due to limited availability. Financial concern and/or financial implications of placement changes ultimately prevented some students from undertaking their rural or remote placement as planned.DiscussionMany nursing, allied health and medical students expressed financial concern during COVID‐19, associated with a loss of regular employment and income. Placement changes also presented unforeseen financial burden for students. These factors ultimately prevented some students from undertaking their planned rural or remote placement.ConclusionUniversities need to consider how best to align financially burdensome placements with the personal circumstances of students during periods of economic uncertainty.
Innovation across cultures: Connecting leadership, identification, and creative behavior in organizations
Authors: Bracht Eva M. , Monzani Lucas , Boer Diana , Haslam S. Alexander , Kerschreiter Rudolf , Lemoine Jérémy E. , Steffens Niklas K. , Akfirat Serap Arslan , Avanzi Lorenzo , Barghi Bita , Dumont Kitty , Edelmann Charlotte M. , Epitropaki Olga , Fransen Katrien , Giessner Steffen , Gleibs Ilka H. , González Roberto , Laguía González Ana , Lipponen Jukka , Markovits Yannis , Molero Fernando , Moriano Juan A. , Neves Pedro , Orosz Gábor , Roland‐Lévy Christine , Schuh Sebastian C. , Sekiguchi Tomoki , Song Lynda Jiwen , Story Joana S. P. , Stouten Jeroen , Tatachari Srinivasan , Valdenegro Daniel , van Bunderen Lisanne , Vörös Viktor , Wong Sut I. , Youssef Farida , Zhang Xin‐an , van Dick Rolf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInnovation is considered essential for today's organizations to survive and thrive. Researchers have also stressed the importance of leadership as a driver of followers' innovative work behavior (FIB). Yet, despite a large amount of research, three areas remain understudied: (a) The relative importance of different forms of leadership for FIB; (b) the mechanisms through which leadership impacts FIB; and (c) the degree to which relationships between leadership and FIB are generalizable across cultures. To address these lacunae, we propose an integrated model connecting four types of positive leadership behaviors, two types of identification (as mediating variables), and FIB. We tested our model in a global data set comprising responses ofN = 7,225 participants from 23 countries, grouped into nine cultural clusters. Our results indicate that perceived LMX quality was the strongest relative predictor of FIB. Furthermore, the relationships between both perceived LMX quality and identity leadership with FIB were mediated by social identification. The indirect effect of LMX on FIB via social identification was stable across clusters, whereas the indirect effects of the other forms of leadership on FIB via social identification were stronger in countries high versus low on collectivism. Power distance did not influence the relations.
Adherence to endoscopic surveillance for advanced lesions and colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: an AEG and GETECCU collaborative cohort study
Authors: Ballester Maria Pilar , Mesonero Francisco , Flórez‐Diez Pablo , Gómez Concepción , Fuentes‐Valenzuela Esteban , Martín Noelia , Senosiain Carla , Vela Milagros , Fernández‐Clotet Agnes , Pérez Pablo , Rubín de Célix Cristina , Calviño‐Suárez Cristina , Hermida Benito , Muñoz Roser , González‐Vivo Maria , Brunet Eduard , Jiménez Nuria , Botella Belén , Yebra Jorge , Suárez‐Ferrer Cristina , Bouhmidi Abdel , López‐Serrano Antonio , Ponferrada Ángel , Dueñas Carmen , Mínguez Miguel ,   Young Group of AEG and GETECCU
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackground and AimsPatients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Current guidelines recommend endoscopic surveillance, yet epidemiological studies show poor compliance. The aims of our study were to analyse adherence to endoscopic surveillance, its impact on advanced colorectal lesions, and risk factors of non‐adherence.MethodsA retrospective multicentre study of IBD patients with criteria for CRC surveillance, diagnosed between 2005 and 2008 and followed up to 2020, was performed. Following European guidelines, patients were stratified into risk groups and adherence was considered when surveillance was performed according to the recommendations (±1 year). Cox‐proportional regression analyses were used to compare the risk of lesions. p‐values below 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsA total of 1031 patients (732 ulcerative colitis, 259 Crohn’s disease and 40 indeterminate colitis; mean age of 36 ± 15 years) were recruited from 25 Spanish centres. Endoscopic screening was performed in 86% of cases. Adherence to guidelines was 27% (95% confidence interval, CI = 24–29). Advanced lesions and CRC were detected in 38 (4%) and 7 (0.7%) patients respectively. Adherence was associated with increased detection of advanced lesions (HR = 3.59; 95% CI = 1.3–10.1; p = 0.016). Risk of delay or non‐performance of endoscopic follow‐up was higher as risk groups increased (OR = 3.524; 95% CI = 2.462–5.044; p < 0.001 and OR = 4.291; 95%CI = 2.409–7.644; p < 0.001 for intermediate‐ and high‐ vs low‐risk groups).ConclusionsAdherence to endoscopic surveillance allows earlier detection of advanced lesions but is low. Groups at higher risk of CRC are associated with lower adherence.
A limited number of species is sufficient to assign a vegetation plot to a forest vegetation unit
Authors: Maciejewski Lise , Pinto Paulina E. , Wurpillot Stéphanie , Drapier Jacques , Cadet Serge , Muller Serge , Agou Pierre , Renaux Benoît , Gégout Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsInventorying the habitats composing Natura 2000 sites is mandatory in the European Union and is necessary to implement relevant conservation measures. Vegetation plots, recording the presence or abundance of all plant species co‐occurring within a plot, are currently used to identify terrestrial Natura 2000 habitat types, whose descriptions are mainly based on phytosociological units. However, vegetation plots are time‐consuming and frequently restricted to the growing season. Moreover, no vegetation plots can be regarded as exhaustive, and significant inter‐observer variation has been highlighted. We studied whether reducing the number of recorded species and the time spent carrying out a vegetation plot had an impact on vegetation unit assignment using species presence. We also studied if vegetation plots recorded in winter could be used for vegetation unit assignment.LocationMainland France.MethodsWe used 273 vegetation plots covering French temperate and mountainous forests. The time at which species were sighted was recorded. We also estimated whether a species was recognisable in winter. We used a classification program to compare assignments based on complete and incomplete vegetation plots.ResultsTen species and five minutes were sufficient to assign a plot to an association, and to an alliance, seven species and four minutes. Vegetation unit assignment proved feasible in winter, especially at the alliance level.ConclusionsWe confirmed that a limited number of species is sufficient to assign vegetation plots to vegetation units. However, mapping habitats requires habitat identification and delimitation. This study confirms current field habits, particularly when creating a habitat map, usually based on a limited number of recorded species. Lastly, it confirms that the use of vegetation plots coming from a great variety of sources is relevant to create habitat time series, crucial tools for monitoring habitats at a national scale.
Multisource Single-Cell Data Integration by MAW Barycenter for Gaussian Mixture Models
Authors: Lin Lin , Shi Wei , Ye Jianbo , Li Jia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One key challenge encountered in single-cell data clustering is to combine clustering results of data sets acquired from multiple sources. We propose to represent the clustering result of each data set by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and produce an integrated result based on the notion of Wasserstein barycenter. However, the precise barycenter of GMMs, a distribution on the same sample space, is computationally infeasible to solve. Importantly, the barycenter of GMMs may not be a GMM containing a reasonable number of components. We thus propose to use the minimized aggregated Wasserstein (MAW) distance to approximate the Wasserstein metric and develop a new algorithm for computing the barycenter of GMMs under MAW. Recent theoretical advances further justify using the MAW distance as an approximation for the Wasserstein metric between GMMs. We also prove that the MAW barycenter of GMMs has the same expectation as the Wasserstein barycenter. Our proposed algorithm for clustering integration scales well with the data dimension and the number of mixture components, with complexity independent of data size. We demonstrate that the new method achieves better clustering results on several single-cell RNA-seq data sets than some other popular methods.
Enhanced expression of autophagy‐related p62 without increased deposits of neurodegeneration‐associated proteins in glioblastoma and surrounding tissue – An autopsy‐based study
Authors: Klotz Sigrid , Ricken Gerda , Preusser Matthias , Dieckmann Karin , Widhalm Georg , Rössler Karl , Fischer Peter , Kalev Ognian , Wöhrer Adelheid , Kovacs Gabor G. , Gelpi Ellen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are a major health burden. The underlying causes are not yet fully understood, but different mechanisms such as cell stress and chronic inflammation have been described as contributing factors. Neurodegenerative changes have been observed in the vicinity of brain tumors, typically around slowly growing benign lesions. Moreover, in‐vitro data suggest a potential induction of pathological tau deposits also in glioblastoma, a highly malignant and proliferative brain cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate neurodegeneration‐associated protein deposition and autophagy as well as microglial activation within and surrounding glioblastoma. Post‐mortem brain tissue of 22 patients with glioblastoma was evaluated immunohistochemically for phosphorylated tau, beta‐amyloid, alpha‐synuclein and phosphorylated TDP‐43. Additionally, the autophagy marker p62 and the microglial marker HLA‐DR were investigated. The data was compared to 22 control cases and ten cases with other space occupying brain lesions. An increase of p62‐immunoreactivity was observed within and adjacent to the glioblastoma tumor tissue. Moreover, dense microglial infiltration in the tumor tissue and the immediate surrounding brain tissue was a constant feature. Deposition of neurodegeneration‐associated proteins was found in the majority of cases (86.4%) but in distant sites. These findings suggested a preexisting neurodegenerative pathology, which followed a typical distributional pattern: ten cases with Alzheimer disease neuropathological changes, including two severe cases, eight cases with primary age‐related tauopathy, six cases with aging‐related tau astrogliopathy and one case with progressive supranuclear palsy. Collectively, our data suggests enhanced autophagy in glioblastoma tumor cells and the surrounding brain. The variety and distribution of distant neurodegeneration‐associated protein aggregates observed in the majority of cases, suggest a preexisting rather than a tumor‐induced neurodegenerative condition.
Using biodegradable organic salt for cotton garment dyeing to reduce effluent pollution
Authors: Ali Raza , Ali Shamshad , Khatri Awais , Javeed Alishba 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe replacement of inorganic salt and alkali in the reactive dyeing of cotton textiles with organic biodegradable compound has been explored in recent years. We report the use of organic salt, tetra sodium salt of glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA‐Na4) in the batchwise dyeing of cotton garment as an exhausting and fixing agent. The reactive dye, CI Reactive Black 5 was selected for the present study. The results revealed that the maximum K/S value of 25.5 and fixation of 90.74% was obtained using GLDA‐Na4 at laboratory scale experiments. Furthermore, the effluent samples test results demonstrated considerably reduced total dissolved solids (TDS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents with GLDA‐Na4 in comparison to the inorganic chemicals. The colourfastness to light, rubbing and washing have demonstrated similar ratings with GLDA‐Na4 and inorganic chemicals. The tensile strength of samples was enhanced by using GLDA‐Na4.
Barriers and facilitators to accessing effective clinical supervision and the implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model in the Australian alcohol and other drugs sector
Authors: O'Donnell Courtney , Popovich Sean , Lee Nicole , Hides Leanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionInternationally, clinical/practice supervision is considered essential in the development and maintenance of professional proficiency across health disciplines. Among alcohol and other drug (AOD) workers, however, access to effective clinical supervision is limited. This study examined perceived barriers and facilitators to: (i) AOD workers accessing effective clinical supervision; and (ii) effective implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model in the AOD sector.MethodsQualitative interviews with frontline workers (n = 10) and managers (n = 11) employed by eight government and non‐government AOD treatment services in Brisbane, Australia were undertaken. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and data were thematically analysed.ResultsFrontline workers and managers shared similar views. Reported barriers and facilitators to accessing effective clinical supervision included limited time, the high cost of providers, availability of skilled clinical supervisors, supervisor–supervisee matching and supervision modality. Participants considered the implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model to be a resource‐effective strategy to increase access to external, individual clinical supervision while also exposing workers to a greater diversity of perspectives, increasing sector collaboration and improving the perceived value of clinical supervision among the workforce.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that limited time, cost and availability of skilled supervisors are primary barriers to AOD workers accessing high‐quality clinical supervision. Implementation of a clinical supervision exchange model is perceived by frontline workers and service delivery managers to be a resource‐effective strategy for increasing access to high‐quality clinical supervision among workers.
Deviant circadian rhythmicity, corticosterone variability and trait testosterone levels in aggressive mice
Authors: Mogavero Floriana , van Zwieten Kitty , Buitelaar Jan K. , Glennon Jeffrey C. , Henckens Marloes J. A. G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough aggression has been linked to disturbances of circadian rhythm, insight into the neural substrate of this association is currently lacking. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the master circadian clock, is regulated by clock genes and known to influence the secretion of cortisosterone and testosterone, important hormones implicated in aggression. Here, we investigated deviations in the regulation of the locomotor circadian rhythm and hormonal levels in a mouse model of abnormal aggression. We tested aggressive BALB/cJ and control BALB/cByJ mice in the resident–intruder paradigm and compared them on their locomotor circadian rhythm during a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle and constant darkness. State (serum) corticosterone and trait (hair) corticosterone and testosterone levels were determined, and immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of important clock proteins, PER1 and PER2, in the core and shell of the SCN at the start of their active phase. Compared with BALB/cByJ mice, aggressive BALB/cJ mice displayed: (1) a shorter free‐running period in constant darkness; (2) reduced state corticosterone variability between circadian peak and trough but no differences in corticosterone trait levels; (3) lower testosterone trait levels; (4) higher PER1 expression in the SCN shell with no changes in PER2 in either SCN subregion during the early dark phase. Together, these results suggest that aggressive BALB/cJ mice have disturbances in different components encompassing the circadian and hormonal cycle, emphasizing their value for future investigation of the causal relationship between SCN function, circadian clocks and aggression.
Dendritic cells in reflectance confocal microscopy are a clue for early melanoma diagnosis in extrafacial flat pigmented melanocytic lesions
Authors: Guiducci Laura , Kaleci Shaniko , Chester Johanna , Longo Caterina , Ciardo Silvana , Farnetani Francesca , Pellacani Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of extrafacial flat pigmented lesions with dermoscopic reticular and/or homogeneous pattern is challenging. Dendritic cells upon reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) still represent a pitfall. This study aims to determine the role of dendritic cells upon RCM in the epidermis and dermo‐epidermal junction (DEJ), together with common RCM features for melanoma and nevi, in dermoscopically equivocal extrafacial flat pigmented lesions. A retrospective evaluation of RCM images of melanocytic extrafacial flat pigmented lesions with reticular and/or homogeneous dermoscopic pattern and with histopathological diagnosis, was performed. A multivariate model of RCM features was used to obtain a score of independent risk factors. A total of 698 lesions were included. Increasing patient age, epidermal dendritic cells, many dendritic cells in the DEJ (>30%) and many (>5/mm2) round atypical cells were independent risk factors for melanoma. Edged papillae and melanophages were indicative of nevus. A score based on these features was developed to assist in melanoma differential diagnosis. The RCM observation of abundant (>30%) dendritic cells in the DEJ is highly suggestive of malignity. This independent risk factor should also be considered for improved differential diagnosis of extrafacial melanoma.
A case study of illegal fishing causes during seasonal fishery closure in Kaptai Lake, Bangladesh
Authors: Shalehin Md. Shoyeb , Parvez Md. Taskin , Lucas Martyn C. , Galib Shams M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGrowing evidence shows that conservation strategies such as fishing bans may adversely affect the livelihoods of low‐income communities, which often encourages community members to fish illegally. In this study, we determined the underlying factors that influenced fishermen to engage in illegal fishing during the closed season in the largest lake of Bangladesh, Kaptai Lake. Out of 231 fishermen interviewed, 46.8% were engaged in illegal fishing during the closed season. Engagement in illegal fishing was positively related to receipt of a financial loan and negatively related to receipt of a government subsidy and secondary occupation of the fishermen. Financial gain by selling the fish was the prime motive for illegal fishing. Surprisingly, fishermen received a 36% lower price for illegally harvested fish during the closed season (mean price ± SD, BDT 95.8 ± 64.9), when compared to that during the open fishing season (BDT 151.5 ± 64.9). Mid‐level actors secured 99%–154% more profit during the closed season. This study shows that multiple factors are important for the engagement of fishermen in illegal fishing, and therefore, an integrated conservation policy considering all causative factors should be employed to achieve more effective conservation in the region's inland waters.