bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Machine-learning Models for Solar Flare Forecasting: Identifying High-performing Active Region Flare Indicators
Authors: Sinha Suvadip , Gupta Om , Singh Vishal , Lekshmi B. , Nandy Dibyendu , Mitra Dhrubaditya , Chatterjee Saikat , Bhattacharya Sourangshu , Chatterjee Saptarshi , Srivastava Nandita , Brandenburg Axel , Pal Sanchita 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Solar flares create adverse space weather impacting space- and Earth-based technologies. However, the difficulty of forecasting flares, and by extension severe space weather, is accentuated by the lack of any unique flare trigger or a single physical pathway. Studies indicate that multiple physical properties contribute to active region flare potential, compounding the challenge. Recent developments in machine learning (ML) have enabled analysis of higher-dimensional data leading to increasingly better flare forecasting techniques. However, consensus on high-performing flare predictors remains elusive. In the most comprehensive study to date, we conduct a comparative analysis of four popular ML techniques (k nearest neighbors, logistic regression, random forest classifier, and support vector machine) by training these on magnetic parameters obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory for the entirety of solar cycle 24. We demonstrate that the logistic regression and support vector machine algorithms perform extremely well in forecasting active region flaring potential. The logistic regression algorithm returns the highest true skill score of 0.967 ± 0.018, possibly the highest classification performance achieved with any strictly parametric study. From a comparative assessment, we establish that magnetic properties like total current helicity, total vertical current density, total unsigned flux, R_VALUE, and total absolute twist are the top-performing flare indicators. We also introduce and analyze two new performance metrics, namely, severe and clear space weather indicators. Our analysis constrains the most successful ML algorithms and identifies physical parameters that contribute most to active region flare productivity.
Observation of Magnetic Reconnection in a Region of Strong Turbulence
Authors: Ergun R. E. , Pathak N. , Usanova M. E. , Qi Y. , Vo T. , Burch J. L. , Schwartz S. J. , Torbert R. B. , Ahmadi N. , Wilder F. D. , Chasipis A. , Newman D. L. , Stawarz J. E. , Hesse M. , Turner D. L. , Gershman D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We examine a rare and interesting observation of magnetic reconnection embedded in a large-scale region of strong turbulence in which magnetic field annihilation is energizing ions and electrons. The magnetic reconnection event is in Earth’s magnetotail and is associated with enhanced energetic particle fluxes indicating local particle acceleration. Despite substantial electric and magnetic field fluctuations throughout the surrounding, large-scale region, the ongoing magnetic reconnection has many similar properties to laminar, 2D magnetic reconnection including Hall electric fields, Hall magnetic fields, a thin electron current sheet, and ion and electron jets. Notably, the electron jet emerging from the electron diffusion region (EDR) appears to transport sufficient off-diagonal momentum to infer that off-diagonal electron stress can support the reconnection electric field in the EDR even in a turbulent environment. Although the electron jet appears to be briefly (∼1 s) deflected or possibly interrupted by an electromagnetic disturbance, the reconnection appears to otherwise continue for a long period (∼30 minutes) as evidenced by a persistent ion jet. This particular finding implies that the fundamental electron-scale processes inside of the EDR in turbulent magnetic reconnection are not necessarily distinct from those in laminar magnetic reconnection. These observations provide direct confirmation that magnetic reconnection can not only be responsible for but also can continue in regions of large-scale turbulence. Because the electric and magnetic fields of strong turbulence are linked to particle acceleration, it follows that particle acceleration also can continue as a consequence of turbulent magnetic reconnection.
Severe Respiratory Failure from SARS-CoV-2, Complicated with Pneumothorax in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Como Najada , Gjermeni Nevila , Meta Esmeralda , Kraja Dhimiter , Hysenaj Zamira , Osmenaj Renato , Gradica Fadil , Rexhepi Mirela , Mesi Artan 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:The first data for COVID-19 in pregnancy showed mild to moderate forms of the disease while current data speaks of severe forms in these subjects. Here we present a case of a severe form of COVID-19 in a gemelar pregnant woman complicated with pneumomediastin and pneumothorax,during her hospital stay, in a late stage of disease.
Case presentation: A 38 year-old multiparous woman was referred to university hospital at 25 weeks of gemelar pregnancy. On admission, the patient presented with signs of moderate respiratory insufficiency, which after 12 hours progressed further to severe ARDS. She tested pozitiv for SARS COV 2 on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Under these conditions it was decided that the pacient undergo a caesarean section for termination of pregnancy. Remdesivir200 mg/day and tocilizumab 8 mg/kg were administered,based on national guidelines. The patient's fever subsided, but her SpO2 remained at 94%, even with a 15 L/min oxygen mask. After 12 days the patient complains of a severe back pain and her respiratory condition rapidly worsened,reduced saturations up to 80% being under O2 therapy with facial mask with 15 l/min. Chest CT findings confirmed pneumomediastine and pneumothorax,which deteriorated the patient”s status. Thereafter tube thorakostomy was performed. There was a clinical and ABG analysis parameter”s improvement.The patient was discharged 34 days after cesarean delivery with a proper general health.
Conclusion: Our case highlights even more convincingly the fact that in pregnancy, can be severe to life-threating forms of Covid 19. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are complications that can be encountered even in the late stages of severe forms with COVID 19 in pregnancy. Early diagnosis of these complications is essential in adequate management and treatment to avoid fatal outcome.
Deliverable D4.9 Project logo, marketing starter pack and website running
Authors: Sapundzhieva Anna , Korcheva Alexandra , Zhelezov Georgi 
Published: August 2022

The following report presents the initial project branding and marketing products that showcase the project’s visual identity and overall corporate appearance.
As a foundation of the future effective communication activities, a sound set of working dissemination tools and materials is crucial to be established within the first months of the project. A project logo, project promotional materials, overall visual identity package, and a public website (www.showcase-project.eu) were developed in the first 4 months of the project duration in order to form the main tools of project public visibility and internal communication.
The project is provided with a logo that has been communicated and coordinated with all project partners. Dissemination materials such as the SHOWCASE brochure and poster were produced for raising awareness and engaging stakeholders at events. A project brand manual was created and circulated among project partners in order to provide a consistent visual representation of the project. A set of corporate templates was also produced and made available to the consortium partners to facilitate future dissemination and reporting activities such as letters, milestones and deliverable reports, PowerPoint presentations, etc. The project website is developed as the main dissemination channel.
The longer‐term impact of the project's results will be secured by maintaining the website for a minimum of 5 years after the end of the project.
Maternal Knowledge on Recommended Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Hospital-based Cross-Sectional Study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Pathirathna M. L. , Wimalasiri Kuruppu M. S. , De Silva D. , Kayako S. , Mieko S. 
Published: August 2022

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a significant public health concern. Sri Lankan maternal healthcare system adopted free provision of iron and folic acid supplementation to all its pregnant women since several decades, to mitigate the high prevalence of anemia. Despite the dedicated national maternal healthcare services, the prevalence of maternal anemia remains at a moderate level of public health significance for many years.
Objective: This study assessed maternal knowledge of anemia and iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy (and associated factors), and the content of counselling on iron and folic acid supplementation received by women during pregnancy.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 703 women at 0–4 days postpartum. A pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, use of iron and folic acid supplementation, and obstetrics. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess maternal knowledge with close-ended questions.
Results: Of the 703 women, 69.7% scored 9, i.e., the maximum maternal knowledge score. Maternal ethnicity, education level, and monthly family income were significantly associated with maternal knowledge of anemia and iron and folic acid supplementation. However, the majority of women did not receive information on side effects and ways to minimize them during the antenatal counselling sessions.
Conclusion: Antenatal counselling on anemia and iron and folic acid supplementation should be improved, and the maternal education level should be considered when providing counselling. It is recommended to standardized antenatal counselling sessions for all community clinics in Sri Lanka, where the content must emphasize anemia prevention and compliance with the recommended iron and folic acid supplementation.
Near-Fatal Air Gun Injury in a Child – Case Report
Authors: Siddiquea M. S. , Vadysinghe A. N. , Ekanayake K. B. , Fernando D. M. G. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Air guns are widely used for recreation and to protect crops from animals. It is a pneumatic weapon capable of inflicting serious life-threatening injuries. The authors present a case of a child subjected to a life-threatening pellet injury to the head due to discharge of an air gun while playing.
Case report: A 3 ½ year old male child who was 95 cm in height presented with a circular perforated laceration 0.4 cm in diameter with surrounding abrasion collar on the right side of the face over the zygomatic arch, nasal bleeding and aspiration of blood. Imaging studies revealed a diabolo-shaped foreign body resembling a pellet of an air gun in the left pharyngeal space. The foreign body was removed under image guidance. Investigation revealed that the parents used an air gun on the farm to protect their crops from monkeys. Since examination of the weapon and child indicated that he could not have caused the injury himself, we concluded that another child had fired the weapon accidentally, during play.
Conclusions: The findings were compatible with those caused by discharge of an air gun. This case re-emphasizes the importance of keeping this type of weapons away from children. We recommend that air guns be governed by the same laws that apply to firearms.
Migraine, its frequency, triggering factors and impact on daily life of medical students-a single center study in a private medical institution of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Mushtaq H. , Shahzad A. , Omar N. , Atta M. , Ameena F. 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Determine the frequency of migraine, its triggering factors and assessment of the impact on daily life among medical students ofa private medical college in Lahore, Pakistan.
Settings: First to final year MBBS students of Fatima Memorial College of Medicine, Lahore
Period: February to April, 2019.
Material & Methods: In a total of 708 students, 118 students were identified, as having experienced headache for the past one year. They were categorized into those having migraine, tension and cluster headache according to operational definitions. Migraine was identified in 56 participants. Further data was collected from the 56 migraineurs using a structured questionnaire, migraine disability assessment tool and visual analogue scale for pain intensity. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: Migraineurs were 56, mean age 21.16 + 1.714, predominant in females 46 (82.1%). Most common triggering factors, sleep deprivation 53 (94.6%), mental stress 51 (91.1%), missing meals 41 (73.2%), bright light 37 (66.1%), physical activity 44 (78.6%), photophobia 44 (78.6%) and phonophobia 36 (64.3%). Most students 20 (35.7%) suffered from moderate to severe disability 19 (33.9%) (MIDAS grade III and IV). Visual Analogue Scale showed 32 (57.14%) had severe pain (VAS scale 7-10). Association of lack of sleep (p=0.017), duration of headache (p = 0.014) with higher VAS score and duration of headache (p=0.046) with moderate to severe MIDAS grade was depicted.
Conclusion: Migraine can be considered to be the commonest type of headache among medical students resulting in major disability and lost days of productivity
Effects of L-Theanine, a Constituent of Tea, on Cognitive Functions and Attention
Authors: Karunaratne U. W. , Karunaratne D. , Karunaratne S. , Karunasena G. , Kodikara S. , Kaushalya H. , Wikum C. , Navakulan K. , Kaflay H. , Kathriarachchi S. , Kiriwandala R. , Dassanayake T. L. 
Published: August 2022

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a historically and economically important beverage for Sri Lanka; and is traditionally believed to have relaxing or calming effects. Some evidence attributes these effects to a constituent of tea leaves; L-theanine, a non-protein-forming amino acid structurally similar to glutamic acid. Over the years, research has found L-theanine to also have effects on various cognitive functions, including attention. This review focuses on the research conducted thus far on the acute effects of L-theanine on neurobehavioral, neurophysiological, and functional neuroimaging indices, cognition and attention. Despite the heterogeneity of testing paradigms across studies, experimental evidence increasingly suggests that L-theanine could improve visual selective attention. Contrary to traditional belief, the amount of L-theanine in a cup of tea (4.5-22.5mg) seems to cause no significant effects; and attentional improvement is more prominent with much higher doses (100-500mg). This makes it worth exploring the possibility of enriching tea with L-theanine, while preserving the unique flavour of the product. L-theanine has an additive effect with caffeine in enhancing attention, but unlike caffeine, L-theanine can be ingested in high doses with no risk of adverse effects, tolerance or dependence. The evidence on attentional effects of L-theanine is almost entirely based on healthy samples who have undergone laboratory-based attentional tasks that employed abstract stimuli. When translating these laboratory findings to real-life scenarios, incorporating more real-life-based stimulus paradigms (i.e., simulated driving scenarios) is warranted. The clinical relevance of L-theanine research could also be improved by exploring the effects of L-theanine in cognitively compromised groups of individuals.
Evolution of IOT in health care by protecting and safeguarding private security in healthcare
Authors: Govindaraj M. , Murugeswari P. , Bharathiraja N. , Thiagarajan R. , Ahamed Inayath S. B. , Manikandan T. 
Published: August 2022

Machines are being linked together in order to lessen the burden of medics in the near future while also offering effective services to patients. Furthermore, these gadgets generate a large amount of data during transmission. A clinical IoT based network is a networked system that must be protected from beginning to finish in order to function and communicate. To avoid sensitive data leakage from such devices/systems, connection should be encrypted. We are proposing dynamic encryption model which works well on health records generated from IoT machines. Similarly, we ensure the security of the data through a two-way authentication system with the approval from agent/patient to access and share the data.
Self-Selected COVID-19 “Unvaccinated” Cohort Reports Favorable Health Outcomes and Unjustified Discrimination in Global Survey
Authors: Verkerk Robert , Kathrada Naseeba , Plothe Christof , Lindley Katarina 
Published: August 2022

Self-reported data collected independently by the UK-based Control Group Cooperative between September 2021 and February 2022, inclusive, from a self-selected international COVID-19 “unvaccinated” population are discussed. Data come from a cohort of 18,497 participants who provided questionnaire responses monthly. The largest numbers are from Europe, North America, and Australasia. Data were skewed towards the 40-69y age range and included 60% female respondents. Reasons for avoiding COVID-19 “vaccines” were: a preference for natural medicine, distrust of pharma, distrust of government information, poor/limited trial data, and fear of long-term adverse reactions. During the survey period, the greatest incidence of COVID-19 disease was reported in the 50-69y range, peaking at 12.3%, in January 2022. Persons at 70y and above were least affected (1.3%), with 10.7% and 3.8% in the 20 to 49y band, and in the 1 to 19y group, respectively. Most rated their symptoms as “mild” (14.4%), with 2% reporting “severe” disease. Fatigue, cough, muscle/body aches, and fever were the four most common. Just 0.4% of the cohort reported hospitalization (as in- or out-patients). Nearly two-thirds reported taking vitamin D, C, zinc, quercetin, or a combination, for prevention, with 71% using vitamin D, C, and zinc for treatment. Nearly 45% reported “moderate” to “severe” mental health issues (depression) during the survey period. Menstrual abnormalities were reported by 36% of women in the 20-49y age band. Reported job losses were greatest in Australia and New Zealand at 29%, followed by 13% in North America. Between 20% and 50% reported being personal targets of hate because of their vaccination status. Between 57% and 61% of respondents in Southern Europe and Western Europe, Australia/New Zealand and South America, reported being targets of governmental victimization. The cohort may not be representative of wider populations given its reliance on self-care. The findings suggest that opting out of the world’s largest medical experiment, relying on natural immunity, self-care with supplements, and/or ivermectin or hydroxychloroquine, appeared to contribute to low incidences of severe disease, hospitalization, or death. The results imply the urgent need for prospective studies of “unvaccinated”, “partially vaccinated”, and “fully vaccinated” persons investigating long-term outcomes, behaviors, choices, and discriminatory responses by the state, institutions, or employers based on “vaccination” status. Public dialogue about the touted “safety and effectiveness” of vaccines, contrasted with strategies to enhance immune resilience, all in the context of authoritarianism versus autonomy, self-care, personal responsibility, and freedom of choice is needed.
Correct use and ease-of-use of placebo ELLIPTA dry-powder inhaler in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Siler Thomas M. , Jain Renu , Collison Kathryn , Sharma Raj , Sutton Laura , Rees Jamie , Bernstein David I. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Inhaler technique errors are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment, potentially leading to poor disease management. Our pooled analysis approach assessed correct use and ease-of-use of a placebo ELLIPTA dry-powder inhaler (DPI) in patients with COPD.

Methods
Adults with COPD from open-label/non-blinded studies evaluating a placebo ELLIPTA DPI and reporting outcomes of correct use (based on the ELLIPTA DPI patient information leaflet [PIL]) and/or ease-of-use were included. Correct use and ease-of use at study end were primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Data from patients in the placebo ELLIPTA DPI arm of each study were pooled, and the intent-to-treat (ITT) population was used for all analyses.

Results
Four placebo ELLIPTA DPI studies, reporting correct use (n = 4) and ease-of-use (n = 2), were included in the analysis. The ITT population comprised 1232 patients (mean age 66.2 years). For the primary endpoint, 80.1% (n = 975/1217) of patients demonstrated correct use at study end (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.8%–82.3%). For the secondary endpoint, 95.7% (n = 797/833) of patients rated placebo ELLIPTA DPI use “easy”/“very easy” at study end (95% CI: 94.1%–97.0%). Correct use and “easy”/“very easy” user ratings remained high across younger (40–64 years) and older (≥65 years) age groups.

Conclusions
Across age groups, most patients used the placebo ELLIPTA DPI correctly and rated it “easy”/“very easy” to use. Consistent with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2021 report, our findings emphasize that proper training and clear instructions on PILs are important for optimal inhaler use.
Writing for the Eyes: Preaching and Visual Imagery in Seventeenth-Century Kyiv
Authors: Bartolini Maria Grazia 
Published: August 2022

Summary
The article explores how two early modern Ukrainian preachers, Stefan Javors’kyj and Antonij Radyvylovs’kyj, adapt and combine Neoplatonic philosophy, Aristotelian epistemology, the antique, and the Renaissance idea of poetry and painting as sister arts to create pictorial texts that translate some material manifestations of contemporary visual culture such as the emblem into written form; how these images – both visual and verbal – help structure and organize thought, and what effects they might have on cognition. I will argue that in their sermons, the traditional concept of ut pictura poesis often intersects with what we may call ut pictura creatio divina (as is painting so is divine creation) – with an emphasis on the analogies that tie painting to God’s creation of man. Just like God “painted” man into existence so the preacher should make use of verbal pictures to visualize the moral and spiritual truths he is propounding to his audience. Accordingly, in the second part of the article, I discuss the preachers’ engagement with verbal-visual forms such as emblems and impresas, showing how verbal representations of physical images could function as cognitive devices that could be stored in the audience’s memory to stimulate virtuous behavior.