bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of CoCrNi MEA annealed at different temperatures in Na2CO3/NaHCO3 solution
Authors: Zhang Chenglong , Zhu Min , Yuan Yongfeng , Guo Shaoyi , Wang Junru 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effect of different annealing temperatures on the corrosion behavior of CoCrNi medium entropy alloy (MEA) was investigated in an alkaline soil simulation solution. The results show the corrosion resistance of the MEA gradually increases with increasing annealing temperature. The corrosion behavior of the MEA is correlated with grain size, oxide inclusions, and surface passive film. With an increasing grain size, the proportion of grain boundaries decreases, which improves its corrosion resistance. The micro‐galvanic corrosion cell exists between the oxide and its surrounding matrix, which promotes the occurrence of pitting corrosion. As the annealing temperature increases, the film formed on the MEA surface becomes more complete and dense, greatly increasing the corrosion resistance of the MEA.
Effects of Polyphenols on Glucose‐Induced Metabolic Changes in Healthy Human Subjects and on Glucose Transporters
Authors: Williamson Gary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDietary polyphenols interact with glucose transporters in the small intestine and modulate glucose uptake after food or beverage consumption. This review assesses the transporter interaction in vitro and how this translates to an effect in healthy volunteers consuming glucose. As examples, the apple polyphenol phlorizin inhibits sodium‐glucose linked transporter‐1; in the intestinal lumen, it is converted to phloretin, a strong inhibitor of glucose transporter‐2 (GLUT2), by the brush border digestive enzyme lactase. Consequently, an apple extract rich in phlorizin attenuates blood glucose and insulin in healthy volunteers after a glucose challenge. On the other hand, the olive phenolic, oleuropein, inhibits GLUT2, but the strength of the inhibition is not enough to modulate blood glucose after a glucose challenge in healthy volunteers. Multiple metabolic effects and oxidative stresses after glucose consumption include insulin, incretin hormones, fatty acids, amino acids, and protein markers. However, apart from acute postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, and some incretin hormones, very little is known about the acute effects of polyphenols on these glucose‐induced secondary effects. In summary, attenuation of the effect of a glucose challenge in vivo is only observed when polyphenols are strong inhibitors of glucose transporters.
An authenticity method for determining hybrid rice varieties using fusion of LIBS and NIRS
Authors: Wang Haiping , Zhang Pengfei , Xu Zhuopin , Cheng Weimin , Li Xiaohong , Yang Yang , Wu Yuejin , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a method to rapidly determine the authenticity of hybrid rice seeds using the fusion of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The male parent, F1 generation, and female parent of two hybrid rice vaieties (“Zhongheyou 1” and “Liangyou 688”) were identified by the proposed method. The LIBS and NIR spectra of rice seeds with different physical state (single rice kernels [SRK] and single brown‐rice kernels [SBRK]) were measured, and the primary fusion and intermediate fusion were used for the construction of the LIBS and NIRS data fusion models. The comparation results under different conditions show that the intermediate SRK and SBRK fusion models achieve the best test accuracy (96.88% and 98.52% for “Zhongheyou 1”, and 98.96% and 95.26% for “Liangyou 688”, respectively). The results indicate that the proposed method is effective for rapid and accurate identification of parents and progenies of hybrid rice.
A volume‐independent conformity index for stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Oh Seungjong , Awan Musaddiq J. , Monroe James I. , Liang Yun , Wegner Rodney E. , Karlovits Stephen , Machtay Mitchell , Lo Simon S. , Sloan Andrew , Sohn Jason W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo develop a volume‐independent conformity metric called the Gaussian Weighted Conformity Index (GWCI) to evaluate stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy (SRS/SRT) plans for small brain tumors.MethodsA signed bi‐directional local distance (BLD) between the prescription isodose line and the target contour is determined for each point along the tumor contour (positive distance represents under‐coverage). A similarity score function (SF) is derived from Gaussian function, penalizing under‐ and over‐coverage at each point by assigning standard deviations of the Gaussian function. Each point along the dose line contour is scored with this SF. The average of the similarity scores determines the GWCI. A total of 40 targets from 18 patients who received Gamma‐Knife SRS/SRT treatments were analyzed to determine appropriate penalty criteria. The resulting GWCIs for test cases already deemed clinically acceptable are presented and compared to the same cases scored with the New Conformity Index to determine the influence of tumor volumes on the two conformity indices (CIs).ResultsA total of four penalty combinations were tested based on the signed BLDs from the 40 targets. A GWCI of 0.9 is proposed as a cutoff for plan acceptability. The GWCI exhibits no target volume dependency as designed.ConclusionA limitation of current CIs, volume dependency, becomes apparent when applied to SRS/SRT plans. The GWCI appears to be a more robust index, which penalizes over‐ and under‐coverage of tumors and is not skewed by the tumor volume.
Short TE downfield magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a mouse model of brain glioma
Authors: Gonçalves Sónia I. , Simões Rui V. , Shemesh Noam 
Published: March 2022

PurposeEnhanced cell proliferation in tumors can be associated with altered metabolic profiles and dramatic microenvironmental changes. Downfield magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has received increasing attention due to its ability to report on labile resonances of molecules not easily detected in upfield 1H MRS. Image‐selected‐in‐vivo‐spectroscopy‐relaxation enhanced MRS (iRE‐MRS) was recently introduced for acquiring short echo‐time (TE) spectra. Here, iRE‐MRS was used to investigate in‐vivo downfield spectra in glioma‐bearing mice.MethodsExperiments were performed in vivo in an immunocompetent glioma mouse model at 9.4 T using a cryogenic coil. iRE‐MRS spectra were acquired in N = 6 glioma‐bearing mice (voxel size = 2.23 mm3) and N = 6 control mice. Spectra were modeled by a sum of Lorentzian peaks simulating known downfield resonances, and differences between controls and tumors were quantified using relative peak areas.ResultsShort TE tumor spectra exhibited large qualitative differences compared to control spectra. Most peaks appeared modulated, with strong attenuation of NAA (∼7.82, 7.86 ppm) and changes in relative peak areas between 6.75 and 8.49 ppm. Peak areas tended to be smaller for DF6.83, DF7.60, DF8.18 and NAA; and larger for DF7.95 and DF8.24. Differences were also detected in signals resonating above 8.5 ppm, assumed to arise from NAD+.ConclusionsIn‐vivo downfield 1H iRE‐MRS of mouse glioma revealed differences between controls and tumor bearing mice, including in metabolites which are not easily detectable in the more commonly investigated upfield spectrum. These findings motivate future downfield MRS investigations exploring pH and exchange contributions to these differences.
Different patterns of sensory nerve involvement in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy subtypes
Authors: Shibuya Kazumoto , Tsuneyama Atsuko , Misawa Sonoko , Suzuki Yo‐ichi , Suichi Tomoki , Kojima Yuta , Nakamura Keigo , Kano Hiroki , Ohtani Ryo , Aotsuka Yuya , Morooka Marie , Prado Mario , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAmong subtypes of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), different immune pathophysiologies have been proposed. In this study, sensory nerve conduction studies were compared among clinical subtypes to attempt to better understand the underlying pathophysiology.MethodsA total of 138 patients with CIDP was classified into clinical subtypes: typical CIDP (N = 68), multifocal CIDP (N = 27), or other (N = 2). Patients with immunoglobulin M (IgM) neuropathy anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein neuropathy (MAG; N = 19) were also included as disease controls. Sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were recorded in the median, ulnar, and superficial radial and sural nerves.ResultsSNAP amplitudes (P < .05) and conduction velocities (P < .01) in the median nerve and conduction velocities (P < .05) in the ulnar nerve were lower in typical CIDP than in multifocal CIDP, whereas those in the radial and sural nerves were comparable in each group. Low median and normal sural SNAP amplitudes were more common in typical CIDP (P < .005) than in multifocal CIDP, suggesting predominant involvement at terminal portions of the nerves.DiscussionTerminal portions of sensory nerves are preferentially affected in typical CIDP compared with multifocal CIDP. These findings might be partially explained by the hypothesis of antibody‐mediated demyelination in typical CIDP at the regions where the blood‐nerve barrier is anatomically deficient, whereas multifocal CIDP predominantly affects the nerve trunks, largely due to cell‐mediated demyelination, with disruption of the blood‐nerve barrier.
A prospective study of social competence in survivors of pediatric brain and solid tumors
Authors: Albee May , Allende Santiago , Cosgrove Victoria , Hocking Matthew C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/objectivesSurvivors of pediatric brain tumors are at increased risk for difficulties with social competence, including poor social information processing (SIP) and peer relationships. Improved survival rates heighten the need to better understand these challenges and if they are specific to survivors of pediatric brain tumors versus survivors of other childhood cancers.MethodsFifty‐one survivors of pediatric brain tumors and 34 survivors of pediatric solid tumors completed evaluations of SIP and peer relationship quality within six months of completing treatment and one year later. Caregivers completed a measure of social skills. Linear mixed models evaluated differences between survivors of pediatric brain and solid tumors on SIP and social skills and how indices of SIP were associated with peer relationships over time.ResultsThe two groups did not differ on indices of SIP or social skills over time. A three‐way interaction between measures of SIP, group, and time predicted peer relationships. Survivors of pediatric solid tumors showed a positive association between baseline social skills and theory of mind and peer relationships over time, whereas survivors of pediatric brain tumors showed an inverse association between baseline social skills and theory of mind and peer relationships over time.ConclusionFindings revealed unanticipated associations between baseline SIP and social skills and peer relationships over time among survivors of pediatric brain tumors. Additional research is needed to elucidate the factors most influential on peer relationships in this group to inform interventions.
Anxiety and theory of mind: A moderated mediation model of mindfulness and gender
Authors: Balaban Gülşah , Bilici Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationship between gender, anxiety, mindfulness, and theory of mind (ToM). It was also aimed to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between anxiety and ToM. Additionally, the moderating role of gender in the relevant relationships was examined. The sample consisted of 323 people, including 260 (80.5%) females and 63 (19.5%) males, aged between 18‐62 years. Data were collected by the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory II, and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. It was found that ToM and anxiety levels were statistically significantly higher in women than men. In the regression analysis, it was detected that mindfulness predicts the 7% variance in ToM. The second predictor of ToM was found as anxiety, and both predictors explained the 9% variance in ToM. In the mediating analysis, it was found that mindfulness has a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and ToM. In the moderated mediation analysis, it was determined that the pathway between anxiety and ToM was moderated by gender; the moderating role of gender also was found between mindfulness and ToM. In light of these findings, experimental future studies can be suggested with clinical samples for a better understanding of the relationships between gender, anxiety, mindfulness, and ToM.
Modeling the causes of accidental gas explosions from the perspective of safety information loss
Authors: Cheng Lianhua , Jiang Bolin , Guo Huimin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo effectively prevent gas explosion accidents in coal mines, this study analyzes the flow of safety information in complex systems and subsequently reveals the influence of information loss on accident evolution. Safety information in the context of gas explosion accidents is defined and combined with related theories of informatics to analyze the process and the loss of safety information flow in 30 gas explosion incidents. Thereby, a chain of safety information loss is established. Further, based on the basic theories of cognitive science, organizational behavior, and the cause of safety information loss, an accident‐cause model for gas explosions is constructed. The model is applied to a gas explosion incident to determine the causes of the accident, thus verifying its applicability. In addition, the corresponding preventive measures are proposed. The results indicate that the loss of safety information affects gas explosion accidents in coal mines, and the proposed accident‐cause model can provide theoretical support for the prevention and further research of gas explosion accidents.
Process safety management lessons learned from a fire accident caused by the reverse flow of high‐pressure gas in a residual desulfurization process in Taiwan
Authors: Liaw Horng‐Jang , Liu Chi‐Chang , Wan Jung‐Fu , Tzou Tzu‐Lien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2020, a fire and explosion accident occurred in Taiwan because of the reverse flow of high‐pressure recycle gas. This accident resulted in three minor injuries and caused the Taiwanese government to instruct the top three chemical groups in Taiwan to conduct procedural hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies in addition to normal HAZOP studies. The cause analysis based on the accident timeline and cause factor chart indicated that improper control of the protection logic bypass and the lack of four process safety management (PSM) elements, namely mechanical integrity, process safety information (PSI), operating procedures, and process hazard analysis (PHA), were the root causes of the aforementioned accident. The deficiencies leading to accidents are related to planning problems in PSM promotion but unrelated to the implementation of PSM programs. Maintenance processes should be evaluated and developed according to PHA results or equipment structure to guarantee equipment integrity. The incompatibility of process chemicals with pipeline materials should be considered; then, the construction materials mentioned in PSI should be extended to those of pipelines, not just equipment. In addition to the hazards of normal operations, those of non‐routine operations should be identified to ensure the completeness of the PSM program. Protection logic bypass should be appropriately controlled, and a complete safety evaluation must be conducted before resetting the initiated protection logic. A majority of the deficiencies identified in this study exist in most Taiwanese chemical companies, including the leading ones performing PSM. The lessons learned from the aforementioned accident provide advance information that can be used to develop an improved PSM system.
The possible effects of the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines 2017 on the practice of fertility preservation in female cancer patients in Japan
Authors: Kunitomi Chisato , Harada Miyuki , Sanada Yuko , Kusamoto Akari , Takai Yasushi , Furui Tatsuro , Kitagawa Yuko , Yamada Mitsutoshi , Watanabe Chie , Tsugawa Koichiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Hosoi Hajime , Miyachi Mitsuru , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kawai Akira , Hamatani Toshio , Fujio Keishi , Suzuki Nao , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeIn 2017, the first guidelines for fertility preservation in cancer patients were published in Japan. However, the impact of the guidelines remains unknown. Therefore, the authors conducted a nationwide survey on cryopreservation procedures in the period from shortly before to after publication of the guidelines (2016–2019) and compared the results with our previous survey (2011–2015). The authors also surveyed reproductive specialists’ awareness of the guidelines and implementation problems.MethodsThe authors sent a questionnaire to 618 assisted reproductive technology facilities certified by the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.ResultsThe authors received responses from 395 institutions (63.8%). Among them, 144 institutions conducted cryopreservation for cancer patients (vs. 126 in 2011–2015) and performed 2537 embryo or oocyte and 178 ovarian tissue cryopreservation procedures (vs. 1085 and 122, respectively). Compared with the previous period, indications were more varied and protocols for controlled ovarian stimulation were more standardized. Reproductive specialists’ interest in oncofertility was high, but many reported three main difficulties: selecting a treatment method, storing samples in the long term, and securing the necessary human resources.ConclusionsThe practice of fertility preservation in cancer patients in Japan has been considerably affected by the first Japanese guidelines.
Improving Toluene Dioxygenase Activity for Ester‐Functionalized Substrates through Enzyme Engineering
Authors: Osifalujo Elizabeth A. , Preston‐Herrera Cristina , Betts Phillip C. , Satterwhite Louis R. , Froese Jordan T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRieske dioxygenases have a history of utility in organic synthesis, owing to their ability to catalyze the asymmetric dihydroxylation of aromatics to produce chiral diene‐diol metabolites. However, their utility as green‐chemical tools has been limited by steric and electronic constraints on their substrate scopes and their activity. Herein we report the rational engineering of a widely used Rieske dioxygenase, toluene dioxygenase (TDO), to improve the activity of this enzyme system for the dihydroxylation of a synthetically valuable substrate class for which the wild‐type enzyme possesses low activity, the ester‐functionalized aromatics. Through active site targeted mutagenesis and application of a recently reported high throughput screening platform, engineered TDO variants with significantly increased activity in the dihydroxylation of these valuable substrates were identified and characterized, revealing key active site residues that modulate the enzyme's activity and selectivity.
Large‐Scale Dried Reagent Reconstitution and Diffusion Control Using Microfluidic Self‐Coalescence Modules
Authors: Gervais Thomas , Temiz Yuksel , Aubé Lucas , Delamarche Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe positioning and manipulation of large numbers of reagents in small aliquots are paramount to many fields in chemistry and the life sciences, such as combinatorial screening, enzyme activity assays, and point‐of‐care testing. Here, a capillary microfluidic architecture based on self‐coalescence modules capable of storing thousands of dried reagent spots per square centimeter is reported, which can all be reconstituted independently without dispersion using a single pipetting step and ≤5 μL of a solution. A simple diffusion‐based mathematical model is also provided to guide the spotting of reagents in this microfluidic architecture at the experimental design stage to enable either compartmentalization, mixing, or the generation of complex multi‐reagent chemical patterns. Results demonstrate the formation of chemical patterns with high accuracy and versatility, and simple methods for integrating reagents and imaging the resulting chemical patterns.
Island Effect in Stretchable Inorganic Electronics
Authors: Li Kan , Shuai Yumeng , Cheng Xu , Luan Haiwen , Liu Siyi , Yang Ce , Xue Zhaoguo , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsland‐bridge architectures represent a widely used structural design in stretchable inorganic electronics, where deformable interconnects that form the bridge provide system stretchability, and functional components that reside on the islands undergo negligible deformations. These device systems usually experience a common strain concentration phenomenon, i.e., “island effect”, because of the modulus mismatch between the soft elastomer substrate and its on‐top rigid components. Such an island effect can significantly raise the surrounding local strain, therefore increasing the risk of material failure for the interconnects in the vicinity of the islands. In this work, a systematic study of such an island effect through combined theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and experimental measurements is presented. To relieve the island effect, a buffer layer strategy is proposed as a generic route to enhanced stretchabilities of deformable interconnects. Both experimental and numerical results illustrate the applicability of this strategy to 2D serpentine and 3D helical interconnects, as evidenced by the increased stretchabilities (e.g., by 1.5 times with a simple buffer layer, and 2 times with a ring buffer layer, both for serpentine interconnects). The application of the patterned buffer layer strategy in a stretchable light emitting diodes system suggests promising potentials for uses in other functional device systems.
Nanoporous Intermetallic SnTe Enables Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction into Formate via Promoting the Fracture of Metal–Oxygen Bonding
Authors: Yang Qingcheng , Zhao Yang , Meng Linghu , Liu Zhixiao , Lan Jiao , Zhang Yanlong , Duan Huigao , Tan Yongwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 into formate product is considered the most practical significance link in the carbon cycle. Developing cheap and efficient electrocatalysts with high selectivity for formate on a wide operated potential window is desirable yet challenging. Herein, nanoporous ordered intermetallic tin–tellurium (SnTe) is synthesized with a greater reduction performance for electrochemical CO2 to formate reduction compared to bare Sn. This nanoporous SnTe achieves 93% Faradaic efficiency for formate production and maintains over 90% Faradaic efficiency at a wide voltage range from −1.0 to −1.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), together with 60 h stability. Combining operando Raman spectroscopy studies with density functional theory calculations reveals that strong orbital interaction between Sn and neighboring tellurium (Te) in the intermetallic SnTe can lower the barriers of the oxygen cutoff hydrogenation and desorption steps by promoting the fracture of bond between metal and oxygen, leading to the significant enhancement of formate production.