bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult criminal outcomes of juvenile justice involvement
Authors: Copeland William E. , Tong Guangyu , Gifford Elizabeth J. , Easter Michele M. , Shanahan Lilly , Swartz Marvin S. , Swanson Jeffrey W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe juvenile justice system in the USA adjudicates over seven hundred thousand youth in the USA annually with significant behavioral offenses. This study aimed to test the effect of juvenile justice involvement on adult criminal outcomes.MethodsAnalyses were based on a prospective, population-based study of 1420 children followed up to eight times during childhood (ages 9–16; 6674 observations) about juvenile justice involvement in the late 1990 and early 2000s. Participants were followed up years later to assess adult criminality, using self-report and official records. A propensity score (i.e. inverse probability) weighting approach was used that approximated an experimental design by balancing potentially confounding characteristics between children with v. without juvenile justice involvement.ResultsBetween-groups differences on variables that elicit a juvenile justice referral (e.g. violence, property offenses, status offenses, and substance misuse) were attenuated after applying propensity-based inverse probability weights. Participants with a history of juvenile justice involvement were more likely to have later official and violent felony charges, and to self-report police contact and spending time in jail (ORs from 2.5 to 3.3). Residential juvenile justice involvement was associated with the highest risk of both, later official criminal records and self-reported criminality (ORs from 5.1 to 14.5). Sensitivity analyses suggest that our findings are likely robust to potential unobserved confounders.ConclusionsJuvenile justice involvement was associated with increased risk of adult criminality, with residential services associated with highest risk. Juvenile justice involvement may catalyze rather than deter from adult offending.
A novel method of shuttlecock trajectory tracking and prediction for a badminton robot
Authors: Zhi Junming , Luo Deyuan , Li Kui , Liu Ya , Liu Huaqiu 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes an aerodynamic analysis of the shuttlecock and a novel method for predicting shuttlecock trajectory. First, we have established a shuttlecock track data set by an infrared-based binocular vision system. Then the unscented Kalman filter algorithm is designed to further filter the noise and visual recognition algorithm errors. Third, the radial basis function (RBF)-based track prediction model is designed. This method offers a concept to obtain the neural network model of different kinds of flying or moving objects. The experimental results show that the proposed method can predict the shuttlecock trajectory in real time at high accuracy and can be used for implementing the algorithm of return strategies in the near future.
The War Is Over but the Moral Pain Continues
Authors: Wood David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlmost five million Americans volunteered to serve in the U.S. armed forces between 2001 and 2021 and returned home as discharged veterans. Among them, 30,177 men and women have taken their own lives, an awful toll that is more than five times the number of Americans killed in combat in our twenty-first century wars. As part of the roundtable, “Moral Injury, Trauma, and War,” this essay argues that the reasons are many, but one major factor may be the moral pain that many experience in wartime and the vast emptiness they often encounter when their military service ends. Our society has an obligation to the post–9/11 veterans to understand their experiences and truly welcome them back. The rising toll of veteran suicides suggests there is little time to lose.
Prolonged mechanical ventilation and caregiver strain: Home vs. long-term care facility
Authors: Marcus Esther-Lee , Jacobs Jeremy M. , Stessman Jochanan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe number of patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is steadily rising. Traditionally treated within specialized long-term care facilities (LTCFs), healthcare providers are increasingly promoting homecare as a technologically safe, humane, and cheaper alternative. Little is known concerning their informal caregivers (ICGs), despite their crucial role in facilitating care. This study examines caregiver strain among the primary ICG of PMV patients treated at home vs. LTCF.MethodThis study was an observational cross-sectional study. The study enrolled 120/123 PMV patients ≥18 years within the study region (46 treated with homecare/74 treated at the LTCF) and 106 ICGs (34 ICGs/46 homecare patients and 72 ICGs/74 LTCF patients). Caregiver assessment included the 13-item Modified Caregiver Strain Index (Mod CSI) (0–26 maximum); patient assessment included symptom burden (the revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System).ResultsThe mean age of ICGs was 58.9 years old; 60.4% were females; 82.1% were married; 29.2% were patient's spouses; and 40.6% were patient's children. The total Mod CSI was 13.58 (SD 6.52) and similar between home vs. LTCF (14.30 SD 7.50 vs. 13.26 SD 6.03, p = 0.50), or communicative vs. non-communicative patients (13.50 SD 7.12 vs. 13.64 SD 6.04, p = 0.93). Hierarchical analysis identified three clusters of caregiver strain, with ICGs at home vs. LTCF reporting significantly lower mood strain, higher burden, and similar levels of lifestyle disturbance. In adjusted models, homecare was significantly associated with reduced mood strain and increased burden, while increased patient symptomatology was significantly associated with total strain, mood, and burden strain clusters.Significance of resultsRecognizing the different patterns of caregiver strain at home or LTCF is a prerequisite for addressing their palliative care needs and improving the wellbeing and resilience of informal caregivers, who often play a critical role in deciding whether to treat the PMV patient at home or LTCF.
Greenland Ice Sheet Daily Surface Melt Flux Observed From Space
Authors: Zheng Lei , Cheng Xiao , Shang Xinyi , Chen Zhuoqi , Liang Qi , Wang Kang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGreenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) surface melt has contributed to the global sea‐level rise and the ongoing warming is expected to promote this process. This study provides a new strategy for the quantitative estimate of GrIS daily surface melt at enhanced resolution (3.125 km) from a remote sensing perspective beyond traditional regional climate models (RCMs). Daily melt flux is estimated from spaceborne radiometer observations with a back‐propagation neural network model. The network is trained with melt fluxes that are calculated using detailed in‐situ atmospheric and snow observations and a surface energy balance model. Our results provide details about the extreme melt in mid‐July 2012 when surface melt occurred at Summit and the meltwater volume exceeded 20 Gt as a result of anomalous warming. Meltwater volume from the satellite is very close to that from RCMs.
Opposite Changes in Tropical Cyclone Rain Rate During the Recent El Niño and La Niña Years
Authors: Tu Shifei , Chan Johnny C. L. , Xu Jianjun , Zhou Wen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate whether the relationship between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and tropical cyclone (TC) rain rate over the western North Pacific (WNP) changes between the global warming slowdown (2001–2012) and resumption (2013–2020) periods. Using high‐resolution satellite rainfall data, we show that the average TC rain rate increases by 9% but decreases by 14% during the recent El Niño and La Niña years (since 2013), respectively. During the El Niño years, the increase is related to higher TC track density at lower latitudes, where more water vapor and stronger convergence are present. On the other hand, the decrease in TC rain rate during the recent La Niña years is mainly related to an increase in track density at higher latitudes and a decrease in TC intensity. These changes in TC track density and intensity are both associated with the strengthening of the subtropical high since 2013.
Characteristics of the Impact Pressure of Debris Flows
Authors: Zheng Hongchao , Shi Zhenming , de Haas Tjalling , Shen Danyi , Hanley Kevin J. , Li Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDebris flows are common geological hazards in mountainous regions worldwide. Predicting the impact pressure of debris flows is of major importance for hazard mitigation. Here, we experimentally investigate the impact characteristics of debris flows by varying the concentrations of debris grains and slurry. The measured impact pressure signal is decomposed into a stationary mean pressure (SMP) and a fluctuating pressure (FP) through empirical mode decomposition. The SMP of low frequency is caused by the thrusting of bulk flow while the FP of high frequency is induced by the collision of coarse debris grains, revealed by comparing the features of impact pressure spectra of pure slurries and debris flows. The peak SMP and the peak FP first increase and then decrease with the slurry density. The basal frictional resistance is reduced by the nonequilibrium pore‐fluid pressure for debris flows with low‐density slurry, which can increase the flow velocity and impact pressures. In contrast, the viscous flow of high‐density slurry tends to reduce the flow velocity. The peak SMPs are well predicted by the Bernoulli equation and are related to the hydrostatic pressure and Froude number of the incident flow. The peak FPs depend on the kinetic energy and degree of segregation of coarse grains. The maximum degree of segregation occurs at an intermediate value of slurry density due to the transition of flow regime and fluid drag stresses. Our results facilitate predicting the impact pressures of debris flows based on their physical properties.
Impacts of Peak‐Flow Events on Hyporheic Denitrification Potential
Authors: Singh Tanu , Gupta Shubhangi , Chiogna Gabriele , Krause Stefan , Wohlmuth Barbara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubsurface flows, particularly hyporheic exchange fluxes, driven by streambed topography, permeability, channel gradient and dynamic flow conditions provide prominent ecological services such as nitrate removal from streams and aquifers. Stream flow dynamics cause strongly nonlinear and often episodic contributions of nutrient concentrations in river‐aquifer systems. Using a fully coupled transient flow and reactive transport model, we investigated the denitrification potential of hyporheic zones during peak‐flow events. The effects of streambed permeability, channel gradient and bedform amplitude on the spatio‐temporal distribution of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon in streambeds and the associated denitrification potential were explored. Distinct peak‐flow events with different intensity, duration and hydrograph shape were selected to represent a wide range of peak‐flow scenarios. Our results indicated that the specific hydrodynamic characteristics of individual flow events largely determine the average positive or negative nitrate removal capacity of hyporheic zones, however the magnitude of this capacity is controlled by geomorphological settings (i.e., channel slope, streambed permeability and bedform amplitude). Specifically, events with longer duration and higher intensity were shown to promote higher nitrate removal efficiency with higher magnitude of removal efficiency in the scenarios with higher slope and permeability values. These results are essential for better assessment of the subsurface nitrate removal capacity under the influence of flow dynamics and particularly peak‐flow events in order to provide tailored solutions for effective restoration of interconnected river‐aquifer systems.
Hybrid Dirac semimetal-based photodetector with efficient low-energy photon harvesting
Authors: Wang Lin , Han Li , Guo Wanlong , Zhang Libo , Yao Chenyu , Chen Zhiqingzi , Chen Yulu , Guo Cheng , Zhang Kaixuan , Kuo Chia-Nung , Lue Chin Shan , Politano Antonio , Xing Huaizhong , Jiang Mengjie , Yu Xianbin , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the considerable effort, fast and highly sensitive photodetection is not widely available at the low-photon-energy range (~meV) of the electromagnetic spectrum, owing to the challenging light funneling into small active areas with efficient conversion into an electrical signal. Here, we provide an alternative strategy by efficiently integrating and manipulating at the nanoscale the optoelectronic properties of topological Dirac semimetal PtSe2and its van der Waals heterostructures. Explicitly, we realize strong plasmonic antenna coupling to semimetal states near the skin-depth regime (λ/104), featuring colossal photoresponse by in-plane symmetry breaking. The observed spontaneous and polarization-sensitive photocurrent are correlated to strong coupling with the nonequilibrium states in PtSe2Dirac semimetal, yielding efficient light absorption in the photon range below 1.24 meV with responsivity exceeding ∼0.2 A/W and noise-equivalent power (NEP) less than ~38 pW/Hz0.5, as well as superb ambient stability. Present results pave the way to efficient engineering of a topological semimetal for high-speed and low-energy photon harvesting in areas such as biomedical imaging, remote sensing or security applications.
Holo-imprinting polarization optics with a reflective liquid crystal hologram template
Authors: Xiong Jianghao , Yang Qian , Li Yannanqi , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiquid crystal polarization optics based on photoalignment technique has found pervasive applications in next-generation display platforms like virtual reality and augmented reality. Its large-scale fabrication, however, remains a big challenge due to the high demands in small feature size, fast processing speed, and defects-free alignment quality during the photoalignment process, especially for large-angle reflective devices. Here we propose a new concept of holo-imprinting based on non-contact replication of polarization pattern with a reflective liquid crystal hologram as a template. Our theoretical analysis and experimental results validate the possibility of generating a high-quality polarization pattern exploiting the self-interfering beams of reflective holograms. The method can be extended to numerous devices, from transmissive to reflective, from small angle to large angle, and from grating, lens, to freeform optics. Its widespread impact on the fabrication of liquid crystal polarization optics for advanced display and imaging systems is foreseeable.
Non-destructive OAM measurement via light–matter interaction
Authors: Ruffato Gianluca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe detection of orbital angular momentum usually relies on optical techniques, which modify the original beam to convert the information carried on its phase into a specific intensity distribution in output. Moreover, the exploitation of high-intensity beams can result destructive for standard optical elements and setups. A recent publication suggests a solution to overcome all those limitations, by probing highly-intense vortex pulses with a structured reference beam in a strong-field photoionization process.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals novel ethnicity-specific rare variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Shigemizu Daichi , Asanomi Yuya , Akiyama Shintaro , Mitsumori Risa , Niida Shumpei , Ozaki Kouichi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common multifactorial neurodegenerative disease among elderly people. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been highly successful in identifying genetic risk factors. However, GWAS investigate common variants, which tend to have small effect sizes, and rare variants with potentially larger phenotypic effects have not been sufficiently investigated. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) enables us to detect those rare variants. Here, we performed rare-variant association studies by using WGS data from 140 individuals with probable AD and 798 cognitively normal elder controls (CN), as well as single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data from an independent large Japanese AD cohort of 1604 AD and 1235 CN subjects. We identified two rare variants as candidates for AD association: a missense variant inOR51G1(rs146006146, c.815 G > A, p.R272H) and a stop-gain variant inMLKL(rs763812068, c.142 C > T, p.Q48X). Subsequent in vitro functional analysis revealed that theMLKLstop-gain variant can contribute to increases not only in abnormal cells that should die by programmed cell death but do not, but also in the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40. We further detected AD candidate genes through gene-based association tests of rare variants; a network-based meta-analysis using these candidates identified four functionally important hub genes (NCOR2,PLEC,DMD, andNEDD4). Our findings will contribute to the understanding of AD and provide novel insights into its pathogenic mechanisms that can be used in future studies.
Genome-wide screening for deubiquitinase subfamily identifies ubiquitin-specific protease 49 as a novel regulator of odontogenesis
Authors: Kaushal Kamini , Kim Eun-Jung , Tyagi Apoorvi , Karapurkar Janardhan Keshav , Haq Saba , Jung Han-Sung , Kim Kye-Seong , Ramakrishna Suresh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProteins expressed by the paired box gene 9 (PAX9) and Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) are intimately involved in tooth development (odontogenesis). The regulation of PAX9 and MSX1 protein turnover by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plausibly maintain the required levels of PAX9 and MSX1 during odontogenesis. Herein, we used a loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9-mediated DUB KO library kit to screen for DUBs that regulate PAX9 and MSX1 protein levels. We identify and demonstrate that USP49 interacts with and deubiquitinates PAX9 and MSX1, thereby extending their protein half-lives. On the other hand, the loss of USP49 reduces the levels of PAX9 and MSX1 proteins, which causes transient retardation of odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells and delays the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into the neural crest cell lineage. USP49 depletion produced several morphological defects during tooth development, such as reduced dentin growth with shrunken enamel space, and abnormal enamel formation including irregular mineralization. In sum, our results suggest that deubiquitination of PAX9 and MSX1 by USP49 stabilizes their protein levels to facilitate successful odontogenesis.
Clinical and genomic features of Chinese lung cancer patients with germline mutations
Authors: Peng Wenying , Li Bin , Li Jin , Chang Lianpeng , Bai Jing , Yi Yuting , Chen Rongrong , Zhang Yanyan , Chen Chen , Pu Xingxiang , Jiang Meilin , Li Jia , Zhong Rui , Xu Fang , Chen Bolin , Xu Li , Wang Ning , Huan Jiaojiao , Dai Pingping , Guan Yanfang , Yang Ling , Xia Xuefeng , Yi Xin , Wang Jiayin , Yu Fenglei , Wu Lin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe germline mutation landscape in Chinese lung cancer patients has not been well defined. In this study, sequencing data of 1,021 cancer genes of 1,794 Chinese lung cancer patients was analyzed. A total of 111 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline mutations were identified, significantly higher than non-cancer individuals (111/1794 vs. 84/10,588, p < 2.2e-16). BRCA1/2 germline mutations are associated with earlier onset age (median 52.5 vs 60 years-old, p = 0.008). Among 29 cancer disposition genes with germline mutations detected in Chinese cohort and/or TCGA lung cancer cohort, Only 11 from 29 genes are identified in both cohorts and BRCA2 mutations are significantly more common in Chinese cohort (p = 0.015). Chinese patients with germline mutations have different prevalence of somatic KRAS, MET exon 14 skipping and TP53 mutations compared to those without. Our findings suggest potential ethnic and etiologic differences between Western and Asian lung cancer patients.
Divergent trajectories of antiviral memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Tomic Adriana , Skelly Donal T. , Ogbe Ane , O’Connor Daniel , Pace Matthew , Adland Emily , Alexander Frances , Ali Mohammad , Allott Kirk , Azim Ansari M. , Belij-Rammerstorfer Sandra , Bibi Sagida , Blackwell Luke , Brown Anthony , Brown Helen , Cavell Breeze , Clutterbuck Elizabeth A. , de Silva Thushan , Eyre David , Lumley Sheila , Flaxman Amy , Grist James , Hackstein Carl-Philipp , Halkerston Rachel , Harding Adam C. , Hill Jennifer , James Tim , Jay Cecilia , Johnson Síle A. , Kronsteiner Barbara , Lie Yolanda , Linder Aline , Longet Stephanie , Marinou Spyridoula , Matthews Philippa C. , Mellors Jack , Petropoulos Christos , Rongkard Patpong , Sedik Cynthia , Silva-Reyes Laura , Smith Holly , Stockdale Lisa , Taylor Stephen , Thomas Stephen , Tipoe Timothy , Turtle Lance , Vieira Vinicius Adriano , Wrin Terri ,   OPTIC Clinical Group, Stafford Lizzie , Abuelgasim Hibatullah , Alhussni Ahmed , Arancibia-Cárcamo Carolina V. , Borak Martyna , Cutteridge Joseph , Deeks Alexandra , Denly Lucy , Dimitriadis Stavros , Fassih Shayan , Foord Thomas , Fordwoh Thomas , Holmes Jennifer , Horsington Bryn , Kerneis Sven , Kim David , Lillie Katy , Morrow Jordan , O’Donnell Denise , Ritter Thomas G. , Simmons Beatrice , Taylor Adan , Thomas Sarah R. , Warren Yolanda , Watson Adam J. R. , Weeks Esme , Wilson Robert , Young Rebecca ,   PITCH Study Group, Duncan Christopher J. A. , Moore Shona C. , Payne Rebecca , Richter Alex , Rowland-Jones Sarah ,   C-MORE Group, Mentzer Alexander J. , Cassar Mark Philip , Dong Tao , Fries Anastasia , Gilbert-Jaramillo Javier , Ho Ling-Pei , Knight Julian C. , Neubauer Stefan , Peng Yanchun , Petousi Nayia , Raman Betty , Talbot Nick P. , Pollard Andrew J. , Lambe Teresa , Conlon Chris P. , Jeffery Katie , Travis Simon , Goulder Philip , Frater John , Mentzer Alex J. , Stafford Lizzie , Carroll Miles W. , James William S. , Klenerman Paul , Barnes Eleanor , Dold Christina , Dunachie Susanna J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe trajectories of acquired immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection are not fully understood. We present a detailed longitudinal cohort study of UK healthcare workers prior to vaccination, presenting April-June 2020 with asymptomatic or symptomatic infection. Here we show a highly variable range of responses, some of which (T cell interferon-gamma ELISpot, N-specific antibody) wane over time, while others (spike-specific antibody, B cell memory ELISpot) are stable. We use integrative analysis and a machine-learning approach (SIMON - Sequential Iterative Modeling OverNight) to explore this heterogeneity. We identify a subgroup of participants with higher antibody responses and interferon-gamma ELISpot T cell responses, and a robust trajectory for longer term immunity associates with higher levels of neutralising antibodies against the infecting (Victoria) strain and also against variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.351 (beta). These variable trajectories following early priming may define subsequent protection from severe disease from novel variants.