bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Kristin’ Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Way R. D. , Livermore K. G. , Lamb R. C. , Ystaas J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Kristin’ is a new, mid-season, productive, large, black, high-quality sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). It is similar to ‘Schmidt’, but trees are more winter-hardy more heavily cropping, and fruits are larger. It has performed especially well in tests in Norway, Montana, and New York.
Triacontanol Levels in Ascending Sugar Maple Sap1
Authors: Houtz Robert L. , Ries Stanley K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sap collected from trees of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in the springs of 1978, 1980, and 1981 was analyzed for 1-triacontanol (TRIA) content. TRIA was present at physiologically active concentrations which varied quadratically with sampling time during each spring season. The maximum TRIA concentration observed was about 11.4 × 10-9M. The highest concentration of TRIA in the sap shifted each year of collection.
‘Blue Mountain’ Bush Snap Bean1
Authors: Silbernagel M. J. , Drake S. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Blue Mountain’ snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a bush Blue Lake-type developed for commercial processing, home-garden, and market-garden use. It is resistant to Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV), I gene, and Curly Top Virus (CTV), definite advantages in the seed production regions of the intermountain western states. ‘Blue Mountain’ is adapted to mechanical harvesting, and does well in either standard row widths or in high-density culture. Unlike many Blue Lake-types, ‘Blue Mountain’ picks clean (minimal leaves, stems, etc.) when mechanically harvested and its through-the-plant flow is comparable to ‘Tendercrop’. ‘Blue Mountain’ does well in the warmer dry climates found in the arid western states and in the mid-western and northeastern production areas. ‘Blue Mountain’ is not well-suited for production in the cool-cloudy Willamette Valley, where most of Oregon’s Blue Lake beans are grown. Plant and pod appearance resemble ‘Tendercrop’, but the processed pods have flavor, color, and quality that are comparable to ‘Blue Lake’. As a processing bean, ‘Blue Mountain’ is suitable for canning and freezing, cut or french-style pack. Its appearance and flavor will appeal to home and market gardeners.
‘Scarlet’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Moyer J. W. , Collins W. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Scarlet’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], designated NCM-283 during testing, was released by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. ‘Scarlet’ is a dark-skinned sweet potato with orange flesh intended for growers and consumers desiring deep red to purple skin color. The major advantage of this cultivar over other red sweet potatoes is the greater intensity and stability of the dark skin color. The skin color is distinctly darker at harvest and more stable in storage than those of ‘Copper Skin Jewel’, the most widely grown red skin cultivar in North Carolina, and ‘Red Jewel’, a cultivar popular in other areas of the southeastern United States but not grown in North Carolina. Many characteristics of ‘Scarlet’ are similar to ‘Jewel’ (2); foliage growth habit, disease resistance, and insect resistance are all similar. However, ‘Scarlet’ has a distinct root shape and it scored significantly higher in baking trials.
Development of Quarantine Systems for Host Fruits of the Medfly
Authors: Melvin Couey H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Exclusion of plant diseases and pests by quarantine procedures is an ancient and valuable practice. The word quarantine comes from the Latin word for 40, quadraginta, and the practice of holding a ship outside of port for 40 days if suspected of carrying disease. Carefully and rigorously applied quarantine methods have restricted the spread of plant diseases and insect pests numerous times. With increasing travel and trade, quarantine barriers are becoming increasingly difficult to maintain and we see new introductions of pests throughout the world. With the demand for exotic products, simple exclusion of potentially infested products is an unsatisfactory response to quarantine requirements. Methods are needed to protect domestic crops from foreign pests with minimal impact on commerce. An ideal quarantine system is highly reliable, harmless to the commodity and to the consumers of the commodity, and inexpensive to apply and administer. It is difficult to develop a system that meets these requirements, and various trade-offs are essential. Since the discovery and development of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and methyl bromide (MB) as general-purpose fumigants, the usual response to quarantine requirements has been an automatic resort to these fumigants. However, considering the potential hazards in the use of fumigants, we are taking a broader approach at our laboratory to the quarantine problems posed by the fruit flies; we hope to utilize infestation biology of the insects, the natural resistance of host plants, various field control measures, and a broader arsenal of alternative postharvest treatments to minimize the use of chemical fumigants.
Effects of Polyamines on Fruit-set of Apple1
Authors: Costa G. , Bagni N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aliphatic polyamines (spennine, spermidine, and putrescine) were sprayed 9 days after full bloom on open- and self-pollinated flowers of a spur-type apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Ruby Spur). Concentrations of 10-6 and 10-5M substantially increased fruit-set and yield per tree. Polyamines generally increased fruit growth rate during stage 1 (cell division), but not thereafter (cell enlargement). Flower bud formation was also increased by higher concentration of polyamines.
Effects of Dilute and Concentrated Sprays of NAA and Carbaryl in Combination with Daminozide and Pesticides on Fruit Size and Return Bloom of ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ Apple1
Authors: Rogers B. L. , Thompson A. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1-naphthyl N-methyl carbamate (carbaryl) applied separately in both dilute and concentrated sprays significantly increased fruit size; however, when butanedioic mono-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) was added, fruit size remained about the same as on unsprayed check trees. Crop load was not significantly affected by any of these treatments. Dilute and concentrated sprays of carbaryl produced more return bloom than did NAA. The most effective treatments were combinations of NAA and carbaryl, either dilute or concentrated. Combining first-cover pesticides [azinphosmethyl (guthion) and cis-N-(trichloromethyl)thio)-4-cy-clonexane-l,2-dicarboximide (captan)] with NAA, and captan with carbaryl, produced satisfactory thinning.
Variation in Sensitivity of Coleus Seedlings to Chilling Injury1
Authors: Moline Harold E. , Semeniuk Pete 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four seedlings derived from 3 cultivars of Coleus Χ hybridus Voss and C. blumei Benth were injured when exposed to 5°C for 24, 32, or 48 hours. An exposure of 32 hours or longer increased the foliar damage of chilled seedlings. In the case of ‘Harlequin’ and ‘Weimar Buckley’ seedlings, chilling injury was apparent during or immediately following the 24, 32, and 48 hours chilling exposure. One selection of ‘Red Rainbow’ displayed no symptoms of chilling injury following the 24-hour treatment, and only minor injury after 32- and 48-hour exposure. The other selection was only slightly more sensitive following these treatments. Seven days after a 48-hour exposure at 5°, 100% of the terminal buds of ‘Red Rainbow’ and ‘Weimar Buckley’ seedlings were dead, but no damage was evident on terminal buds of ‘Harlequin’ seedlings. No apparent injury was observed in any seedlings when exposed to 10° for as long as 48 hours.
Influence of Production Light Levels on Long-term Effects of Dark Storage on the Postharvest Keeping Quality of Schefflera arboricola1
Authors: Batson Daniel B. , Blessington Thomas M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Schefflera arboricola Hayata ex. Kanehira was grown under light levels of 240, 480, and 720 μΕ m-2s-1. Plant grade and width were greatest when plants were produced under low light level but plant height and stem caliper were least. Leaf chlorophyll content was significantly lower under the high production light level than at medium or low levels. After subjecting plants to 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 days of dark storage and a subsequent 12-week period indoors, growth index, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content generally were less as dark-storage duration increased. Leaf drop was greater and plant grade was lower as the duration of dark storage increased regardless of production light levels. After 12 weeks indoors, plants produced under 240 μΕ m-2s-1 and held for a period up to 6 days of dark maintained better plant quality than plants produced under the higher light levels.
Factors Affecting Postharvest Stress of Summer-dug Photinia1
Authors: Ponder Harry G. , Gilliam Charles H. , Dawes Heather J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Photinia Χ fraseri Dress (Fraser Photinia) plants were dug and burlapped in the morning and afternoon during midsummer with or without previous irrigation or antitranspirant treatment (di-1-p methene = Vapor Gard). Plants were shipped for one day, held for 2 weeks under lath, and then planted. Moisture stress, indicated by shoot water potential, was monitored throughout the study and survival was rated in September. Use of the antitranspirant and morning digging reduced moisture stress of plants. Morning-dug plants had 80% or greater survival even without irrigation. Afternoon digging gave low survival with or without irrigation but afternoon digging plus Vapor Gard gave 100% survival.
Shoot Proliferation, Rooting, and Transplant Survival of Tissue-cultured ‘Hally Jolivette’ Cherry
Authors: Lineberger R. Daniel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Actively growing shoot tips of Prunus × ‘Hally Jolivette’ proliferated in vitro on a Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.1 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg/liter benzylamino purine (BA). A 500-fold increase in shoot tips was achieved after 25 weeks in culture. Cultured shoot tips exposed to different levels of NAA and BA (0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/liter of each in all combinations) formed roots, shoots, or basal callus depending on the concentrations of added growth regulators. Microcuttings rooted in vitro in the presence or absence of 0.1 mg/liter NAA and under nonsterile conditions in a sphagnum peatmoss:perlite medium. Rooted microcuttings were successfully acclimated and grown under greenhouse conditions.
Effect of Photoperiod on Growth of West Indian Mahogany
Authors: Broschat Timothy K. , Donselman Henry M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
West Indian mahogany [Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.] grown outdoors under 63% shade in southern Florida exhibited 3 distinct growth phases during the autumn and winter months. During the first phase (September through November), long-day conditions enhanced growth beyond that of natural daylength plants. In the 2nd phase (December through February), plants were essentially quiescent under both photoperiodic regimes in response to cool temperatures. In the 3rd phase (beginning in March), both long-day and natural daylength plants resumed growth at comparable rates. Thus, extending the photoperiod increases the growth rate in the autumn, but has little effect thereafter.
Factors Influencing the Frequency of Callus Formation among Cultured Peach Anthers
Authors: Hammerschlag F. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Callus was induced from anthers of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] at several stages of pollen development. Cold pretreatments of isolated anthers did not enhance callus formation. Maximum callusing of ‘Sunhigh’ and ‘Compact Redhaven’ anthers was 71% and 87%, respectively, which occurred when anthers containing uninucleate microspores (35 μm) were floated on shallow layers of liquid medium and transferred to fresh medium after 7, 10, and 14 days. Cytofluorometric measurements (UV excitation) of 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-stained nuclei suggested that the majority of cells were haploid.
The Relationship Between Seed Number and Pollen Viability in Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Authors: Vander Kloet S. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Number of plump seeds and fruit size were correlated with pollen viability in intercrosses of Vaccinium corymbosum L. There was no relation between pollen viability and percent fruit set, days to fruit maturity, or seed weight.
Ethylene Production during Involucre Dehiscence of the Chinese Chestnut
Authors: Kays Stanley J. , Payne Jerry A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ethylene was produced by the Chinese chestnut fruit (Castanea moltissima Blume), its rate increasing substantially prior to dehiscence. The primary site of synthesis was the involucre, rather than the seeds. Elevated levels (2 to 4 μl/kg-hr) of ethylene production by the involucre corresponded with increased respiratory activity; however, the rate of ethylene synthesis declined earlier in the senescence of the involucre than did the CO2 production. Exogenous application of ethylene either as a gas or as (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) accelerated the rate at which dehiscence occurred and improved the uniformity of dehiscence among seedling fruits.
Resistance of Okra Plant Introductions to Root Knot Nematode and Fusarium Wilt
Authors: McLeod Janet M. , Witcher W. , Epps W. M. , Robbins M. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Of 260 plant introductions (PI) of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] evaluated for disease resistance, 39 were resistant to southern root knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) (Chitwood)], 9 were resistant to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (A & K) Snyder and Hansen, and 3 were resistant to both. An introduction of A. manihot L., a wild relative of okra, was highly resistant to fusarium wilt.
Radio-calcium Uptake by ‘Spartan’ and ‘Delicious’ Apple as Influenced by Rootstock and BA + GA3 to Activate Growth of Lateral Buds
Authors: Granger R. L. , Looney N. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One-year old trees of ‘Spartan’ and ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on 4 clonal rootstocks were cut to 3 scion nodes and transferred to an aerated Long Ashton full nutrient solution containing 45Ca. Treating the axillary buds with 6-benzylamino purine plus gibberellic acid (BA + GA3) resulted in a small increase in number, fresh weight, and total length of new shoots. Total area of new leaves per tree was unaltered. The BA + GA3 treatment significantly reduced the 45Ca content of the “new shoots” fraction and the total amount of 45Ca absorbed by the treated trees. ‘Spartan’ trees absorbed and transported more 45Ca than did ‘Delicious’ and there was no significant interaction with growth regulators. Of the rootstocks, Mailing Merton (MM) 111 was less efficient than Mailing (M) 26, M 7, or MM 106 in transporting 45Ca across the graft union to either scion cultivar. Growth-regulator-treated trees on M 26 roots absorbed significantly less 45Ca than did comparably treated trees on MM 106 or MM 111 roots.
Flowering Potential of Pecan
Authors: Wood B. W. , Payne J. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The early-spring mechanical removal of various combinations of buds from one-year-old branches of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch, cv. Desirable] increased the number of lateral shoots and indicated the potential for development of both pistillate and staminate flowers and mature nuts from primary, secondary, and tertiary buds from nodes throughout the length of one-year-old branches. ‘Desirable’ was found to possess strong apical dominance; thus, bud removal and pruning treatments did not greatly increase the development of greater than normal numbers of lateral shoots. Methods that could block apical dominance and allow continued development of young shoots that normally abort appear to have potential of greatly increasing crop productivity.
Hormonal Control of Pepper Seed Germination
Authors: Watkins J. T. , Cantliffe D. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Germination rate of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed was reduced and germination became less uniform as temperature was lowered from 25° to 15°C. There was no evidence of a leachable or extractable germination inhibitor being activated or formed during the exposure to low temperature. Auxin and kinetin applications did not alter germination rates, but gibberellins (GA3 and GA4+7) increased germination rates. GA4+7 was slightly more effective than GA3 in stimulating a germination rate increase. AMO 1618 effectively reduced germination rates.
Deleterious Effects of Cool Air Temperature Reversed by Root-Zone Warming in Poinsettia
Authors: Janes Harry W. , McAvoy Richard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. cv. Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond) were grown in separate greenhouses, one in which the night air temperature was maintained at 16.7°C and another where the air temperature was allowed to fall to 11.5°. The cool-air-treated plants were subjected to root-zone temperatures of 17°, 23°, 26°, and 29°. In general, the deleterious effects of cool air temperatures could be reversed by root-zone warming at 23°.
The Effect of BAS 106, Ancymidol, and Chlormequat on Chrysanthemum and Poinsettia
Authors: Jay Holcomb E. , Ream Sally , Reed Jeffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Application of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,9,10 pentaaza-tetracyclo-5,4,102,6 08,11-dodeca-3-9-diene (BAS 106) by granular (1G) application to the medium surface or 50% wettable powder (50 WP) soil drench were compared with standard methods of application for (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat), butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide), and alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) for their retardation of chrysanthemum and poinsettia growth. A 32 mg/pot BAS 106 (50 WP) rate caused temporary venial chlorosis of the leaves. BAS 106 (1G) at 6 mg/pot and BAS 106 (50 WP) at 8 mg/pot retarded Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat, ‘Always Pink’ as effectively as daminozide spray at 2500 mg/liter; whereas the same treatments were more effective on chrysanthemum ‘Ritz’ than either a 2500 mg/liter spray or 0.25 mg/pot ancymidol drench. BAS 106 (1G) topdressed at 18 mg/pot or a BAS 106 (50 WP) drench at 8 mg/pot retarded Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ‘Brilliant Diamond’ and ‘Paul Mikkelsen’ as much as a 0.5 mg/pot ancymidol drench and more than a 3000 mg/liter chlormequat drench.
Influence of Temperature and Daylength on Growth and Flower Yield of Anigozanthos manglesii D. Don (Haemodoraceae)
Authors: Hagiladi A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of Anigozanthos manglesii D. Don responded positively to watering and fertilization when the night temperature was 12° to I5°C; at higher temperatures, these factors caused seedling death. Cold treatment (10°C for 17 hours a day for a month) of seedlings prior to planting stimulated growth, new fan production, and flower yield. Temperatures below 10° promoted flower differentiation, whereas cultivation at higher temperatures reduced flower yield. Illuminating plants at night from 2200 to 0200 HR did not affect flower yield when plants were grown at relatively low temperatures, but it did reduce yields when they were grown in a heated greenhouse.
Effect of H2SO4 and GA3 on Seed Germination of Zamia furfuracea
Authors: Dehgan B. , Schutzman B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seeds of Zamia furfuracea Ait. (cardboard plant) were treated following removal of the sarcotesta (fleshy seed coat) with concentrated H2SO4 and 1000 ppm GA3 in a 4 × 4 factorial combination. The highest total germination of 82.2% in an average time of 74.5 days (germination value = 0.070) was achieved when seeds were exposed to H2SO4 for 15 minutes. Average number of days to germination was reduced to 37.7 when 30 minutes of H2SO4 treatment was followed by 24-hour GA3 soak without significantly affecting percent germination (germination value = 0.103). Interactions of H2SO4 and GA3 are explained by the effect of H2SO4 on sclerotesta (stony seed coat) thickness and the effect of GA3 on the accelerated development of an immature embryo.
‘Green Ice’ Muskmelon
Authors: Nugent P. E. , Hoffman J. C. , Andrus C. F. , Rhodes B. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Green Ice’ is a green-fleshed muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) adapted to the climatic conditions prevalent in the southeastern United States and is well-suited for both commercial and home garden production. It is a high-yielding ‘Honey Ball’-type muskmelon that produces round to oval, pale gray-green, medium-sized fruit that turn cream-colored and slip from the vine at maturity. The thick light-green flesh has a pleasing aroma and sweet flavor and is high in vitamin C. The vigorous plants are resistant to race 3 of powdery mildew [Spaerotheca fuliginea (Schlect ex Fr.) Poll.] and tolerant to most pests and environmental stresses of the region.
Response of Container-grown ‘Hicks’ Yew to Preplant Chilling and Postplant Night Lighting
Authors: Lumis Glen P. , Gail Johnson A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Preplant chilling of rooted cuttings and postplant night lighting influenced the growth of ‘Hicks’ yew (Taxus × media Rehd. ‘Hicksii’). Supplemental light from high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, provided during the first year, enhanced shoot length and number in the first year, but not in the second. Compared to natural light, HPS increased shoot length 3 to 5 times and shoot number 3 and 4 times in the first year. The influence of incandescent light on growth was less, being significant on unchilled but not chilled plants, and not beneficial when continued for 2 years. In the second year, plants under natural light grew as much or more than plants under either HPS or incandescent light. The trend of increased shoot length in the first year by chilled plants under natural light was not evident for lighted plants, nor was there any benefit of chilling on shoot number. A trend for less growth in the second year by chilled plants was evident. The delay in initiation and development of buds on accelerated plants had an adverse effect on growth the second year.
The Development of Juvenile and Adult English Ivy When Grown Alone and Together in Solution Culture
Authors: Clark James R. , Campbell Alan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cuttings of juvenile and mature English ivy (Hedera helix L.) were rooted and grown in a solution culture system, both alone and in combination. No reversion of the mature form to the juvenile form occurred when mature and juvenile cuttings were grown together, but reversion occurred in 4.2% of mature cuttings grown alone. Of mature cuttings, 73% of those grown alone and 50% grown with juvenile cuttings rooted and were growing at the end of 6 months. Shoot growth generally preceded root growth in mature cuttings.
Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivar and Blend Response to Bluegrass Billbug
Authors: Shearman R. C. , Bishop D. M. , Steinegger D. H. , Bruneau A. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A cultivar and blend trial of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) demonstrated differential cultivar responses to larval infestation and injury by bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal). Correlation between billbug injury ratings and billbug larval density was r = 0.92. Injury ratings and larval density for blends approximated mean response for cultivars in pure stands. These results suggested that blending could be beneficial in reducing injury symptoms, if appropriate cultivars were selected.