bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The making of urban territory
Authors: Goodfellow Tom 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The first of two historical chapters, Chapter 3 focuses on urban territory and property. It traces the making of urban territory from the emergence of the first kingdoms in the Great Lakes region, the internal imperial conquests of the Horn of Africa and the city-states of the Swahili coast. Then it turns to the colonial encounter and its effects on land policy and on urban formations, examining varying forms of territorialization and property formation. Dynamics of urban land in the early postcolonial period are then examined, in the context of seismic changes and attempts to nationalize land and overcome colonial legacies in Rwanda and Uganda, as well as the radical transformations that shook Ethiopia after 1974. The chapter closes with a discussion of land policy and its urban ramifications under the victorious rebel-led regimes that claimed power in Uganda, Ethiopia, and Rwanda in the closing decades of the twentieth century.
Politics and the urban frontier
Authors: Goodfellow Tom 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This concluding chapter revisits the questions of capitalist globalization and late urbanization and their relationship to convergence and divergence in the region’s urban trajectories, before reviewing the main findings of the book. Drawing across the book’s analytical framework, the chapter examines the relationship between associational and infrastructural power, and how these intersect with strategies of legitimation, infrastructural practices, and modalities of political informality to shape both urban physical transformation and the nature of urban political dissent. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the achievements, limitations, and lessons of efforts to reshape territory, property, and social contracts in these three cities at the global urban frontier. It argues that East African states have shown how driving distinct paths through late urbanization is possible, and how despite challenges in terms of political inclusion and sustainable social contracts, East Africa is a vital urban laboratory from which the world needs to learn.
Introduction
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The question of Coetzee as public figure has long been of interest, since he shrinks from but also embraces the role. How far may its terms have shifted since it was last substantially addressed by a group of critics (2006)? The world has changed, and so have Coetzee’s circumstances. He is no longer primarily a South African novelist, but a global figure in a global world. How might his move to Australia, the financial crisis of 2008–2009, the defensive fetishization of contemporary forms of democracy and ‘egalitarianism’ and the exponential growth of critiques of neoliberalism affect how we read him? Following Joseph North, Simon During, and Jean-Jacques Lecercle, the chapter argues for a direct mode of critical intervention which will ‘go public’ for Coetzee whilst respecting his subtlety, bringing out how far his work, from its narrative and discursive modes to its tones, runs counter to the global, neoliberal monolith.
Introduction
Authors: Lutz Deborah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Introduction explores the theoretical underpinnings of the project, in particular its flourishing at the intersection of material culture and the history of the book. In examining why these artifacts and histories have been largely overlooked, this chapter also presents reasons to take note. Part of this neglect has to do with the fact that many of these authors’ attention (and the present author’s own) to granular and seemingly insignificant details has been aligned, historically and philosophically, with the feminine, as Naomi Schor and Talia Schaffer have argued. Some male writers during the period experimented in similar ways with the materials of their craft, yet the minute—even domestic—character of many of these acts has led to their being mostly disregarded.
Afterword
Authors: Van Dyke Christina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Afterword takes stock of recent allegations that we are currently living in a ‘new Dark Age’—one characterized by fear, ignorance, religious extremism, and white supremacy. Fortunately, there is a wealth of literature that debunks the notion that the worst of today’s present mirrors the best of the Middle Ages’s past. This book is offered as a very small step in the same direction—that is, towards a more accurate representation of an intellectual, cultural, political, and religious landscape that is often maligned and/or dismissed on the basis of events that didn’t even happen in its thousand-year span. (Witch trials, for instance, only really took off in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in what’s commonly called the Scientific Revolution.) Although often overlooked, medieval contemplative philosophy is vibrant, engaged, and surprisingly relevant to contemporary concerns; the fact that this tradition is where medieval Christian women engaged in philosophical discussions is one very good reason to delve into it, but it is hardly the only one.
Introduction to Bayesian inference
Authors: Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This first chapter presents basic notions of Bayesian inference, starting with the definitions of elementary objects in probability. We introduce Bayes formula for the statistical inference of model parameters from data, as well as the fundamental notions of likelihood, and of prior and posterior distributions. We then discuss two historically motivated examples of Bayesian inference, in which a single parameter has to be inferred from data: the German tank problem and the estimation of the birth rates of females and males by Laplace.
High-dimensional inference: searching for principal components
Authors: Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi , Zamponi Francesco 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have focused so far on how to infer simple models (defined by one or few parameters) from few or many data. In this chapter we are going to address a more complex situation, where the number of unknown parameters is comparable to the number of available data. This situation happens in many practical applications of statistical inference methods. We here concentrate on one of them, principal component analysis (PCA), that is, the inference of the most relevant direction in the high-dimensional space of data. Based on random matrix theory we will see how the inference of this direction is characterized by a phase transition, called retarded learning, which defines a minimum value of the number of data per parameter below which successful inference is not possible.
Affect and Cognition in Schopenhauer and Nietzsche
Authors: Janaway Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Schopenhauer holds that affects and emotions impair cognition, while Nietzsche apparently replies that they are ineliminable from cognition, and that they enhance it. For Schopenhauer, human cognition is normally in the service of affective states that he classes as ‘movements of the will’. But he sees cognition as spoiled, warped, or tainted by its inability to shake off the emotions, desires, or drives that belong to human nature. The exception is a rare kind of cognition in which an individual becomes the ‘pure subject of cognition’. Nietzsche accepts something analogous to Schopenhauer’s descriptive position on the relation between cognition and the affects, but firmly rejects Schopenhauer’s evaluative stance, and denies the possibility of a pure, objective, affect-free cognition. Nietzsche argues that the influence of the affects on human cognition is not only necessary, but beneficial. This, the chapter argues, is at the heart of Nietzsche’s famous ‘perspectivism’.
Attitudes to Suffering
Authors: Janaway Christopher 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Derek Parfit argues that Nietzsche does not disagree with central normative beliefs that ‘we’ hold. However, Nietzsche defends a conception of well-being that challenges Parfit’s normative claim that suffering is bad in itself for the sufferer. Nietzsche recognizes the phenomenon of ‘growth through suffering’ as essential to well-being. Hence, removal of all suffering would lead to diminished well-being. Suffering for Nietzsche is not merely instrumentally necessary for psychological growth, nor is it easy to construe it as something bad in itself that contributes value as part of a good whole. Suffering that can be given meaning through growth is something we have reason to want. Suffering that remains brute and uninterpreted is something we have reason not to want. But for Nietzsche, suffering as such has no invariant value across all contexts.
Leadership development for public services as a growth industry
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter sets out the aims of the book: to explain why the selected extreme case comprising a suite of national leadership development interventions for each public service sector was introduced by the Labour government in England during the early 2000s; and to locate these interventions within the international movement by governments to promote leadership development for public services, especially in Anglophone countries. The scope of the interventions is described, and the contemporary significance of the extreme case is justified. A central theme is introduced and the key concept that it entails is coined: the extent to which the English interventions might have constituted an ‘elite meta-lever’, a means of acculturating senior staff in public service organizations as leaders who would be committed to implementing public service reforms introduced by the present or any future government. The way in which the central argument will be developed in the remaining chapters is outlined.
Elite orchestration of national leadership development interventions for public services
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResearch findings are reported explaining why and how the United Kingdom (UK) Labour government mounted national leadership development interventions or financially supported representative bodies for senior staff in public service organizations in doing so. The discourse of government documents was shown to align with public service neoliberalization. Leadership was construed as concerning change, and especially regulated marketization reforms. Leadership development was construed as building nationwide leadership capacity to facilitate reform implementation through developing senior staff as leaders and junior staff as future leaders. Government elites established the intervention for school education, reconfigured its counterpart for healthcare, and financially supported the intervention for higher education (HE) mounted by representative bodies for senior staff. An abductive explanation is advanced of the generative mechanisms embodied in the government commitment to launching these interventions within the political and economic context outlined in earlier chapters, centring on the attempted co-optative acculturation of senior staff while delimiting their scope for corporate agency.
Elite mediation of acculturation
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter reports research findings on the self-perceptions of senior staff from public service organizations with or without experience of national intervention provision as leaders who were government change agents, and any impacts of provision on their practice. Most informants implied that they had not been acculturated as government change agents, but they were acculturated towards compliance with performance expectations imposed by the Labour government’s accountability regime. They were formally co-opted as leaders who bounded their own scope for corporate agency to avoid incurring negative sanctions. A substantial minority of senior staff were motivated to participate in provision to gain credentials from the record of participation for their career advancement. An abductive explanation is advanced, centring on the mild subversion by senior staff of their acculturative co-optation as change agents for reforms and the acquisition of symbolic forms of capital as leaders through participation in provision, resulting in their restricted professionalization as leaders.
Developing public service leaders
Authors: Wallace Mike , Reed Michael , O’Reilly Dermot , Tomlinson Michael , Morris Jonathan , Deem Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe conclusion considers the indirect and diffuse contribution of contemporary national leadership development interventions towards public service neoliberalization in England, and to wider social change. Extrapolation from the abductive explanation of the interventions investigated empirically suggests that national interventions have become institutionalized as an integral component of neoliberalization. Provision embraces change, including innovations connected with reforms or continuous improvement agendas that are changing public services as institutions, and so the nature of public service organizations. Interventions support continuing domination by government elites by fostering local leading activity while bounding the parameters for decision-making through the threat posed by the accountability regime. Three emergent and potentially emancipatory themes are discussed: alternatives to a leader-centric construal of leadership, the unfavourable structural and cultural conditions for interventions to operate as an acculturative and co-optative elite policy meta-lever; and limitations of the long-institutionalized development and training methods that interventions use for supporting social learning.
Protein kinase R dependent phosphorylation of α-synuclein regulates its membrane binding and aggregation
Authors: Reimer Lasse , Gram Hjalte , Jensen Nanna Møller , Betzer Cristine , Yang Li , Jin Lorrain , Shi Min , Boudeffa Driss , Fusco Giuliana , De Simone Alfonso , Kirik Deniz , Lashuel Hilal A , Zhang Jing , Jensen Poul Henning 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulates in the neuronal Lewy body (LB) inclusions in Parkinson's disease (PD) and LB dementia. Yet, under nonpathological conditions, monomeric α-syn is hypothesized to exist in an equilibrium between disordered cytosolic- and partially α-helical lipid-bound states: a feature presumably important in synaptic vesicle release machinery. The exact underlying role of α-syn in these processes, and the mechanisms regulating membrane-binding of α-syn remains poorly understood. Herein we demonstrate that Protein kinase R (PKR) can phosphorylate α-syn at several Ser/Thr residues located in the membrane-binding region that is essential for α-syn's vesicle-interactions. α-Syn phosphorylated by PKR or α-syn isolated from PKR overexpressing cells, exhibit decreased binding to lipid membranes. Phosphorylation of Thr64 and Thr72 appears as the major contributor to this effect, as the phosphomimetic Thr64Glu/Thr72Glu-α-syn mutant displays reduced overall attachment to brain vesicles due to a decrease in vesicle-affinity of the last two thirds of α-syn's membrane binding region. This allows enhancement of the “double-anchor” vesicle-binding mechanism that tethers two vesicles and thus promote the clustering of presynaptic vesicles in vitro. Furthermore, phosphomimetic Thr64Glu/Thr72Glu-α-syn inhibits α-syn oligomerization and completely abolishes nucleation, elongation, and seeding of α-syn fibrillation in vitro and in cells, and prevents trans-synaptic spreading of aggregated α-syn pathology in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Overall, our findings demonstrate that normal and abnormal functions of α-syn, like membrane-binding, synaptic vesicle clustering and aggregation can be regulated by phosphorylation, e.g., via PKR. Mechanisms that could potentially be modulated for the benefit of patients suffering from α-syn aggregate-related diseases.
Cryo-EM structures for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis iron-loaded siderophore transporter IrtAB
Authors: Sun Shan , Gao Yan , Yang Xiaolin , Yang Xiuna , Hu Tianyu , Jingxi Liang , Xiong Zhiqi , Ran Yuting , Ren Pengxuan , Bai Fang , Guddat Luke W , Yang Haitao , Rao Zihe , Zhang Bing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, IrtAB, plays a vital role in the replication and viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), where its function is to import iron-loaded siderophores. Unusually, it adopts the canonical type IV exporter fold. Herein, we report the structure of unliganded Mtb IrtAB and its structure in complex with ATP, ADP, or ATP analogue (AMP-PNP) at resolutions ranging from 2.8 to 3.5 Å. The structure of IrtAB bound ATP-Mg 2+ shows a “head-to-tail” dimer of nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), a closed amphipathic cavity within the transmembrane domains (TMDs) and a metal ion liganded to three histidine residues of IrtA in the cavity. Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures and ATP hydrolysis assays show that the NBD of IrtA has a higher affinity for nucleotides and increased ATPase activity compared with IrtB. Moreover, the metal ion located in the TM region of IrtA is critical for the stabilization of the conformation of IrtAB during the transport cycle. This study provides a structural basis to explain the ATP-driven conformational changes that occur in IrtAB.
Sex- and Age-Specific Deviations in Cerebellar Structure and Their Link With Symptom Dimensions and Clinical Outcome in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Sefik Esra , Boamah Michelle , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E , Cadenhead Kristin S , Cornblatt Barbara A , Keshavan Matcheri S , Mathalon Daniel H , Perkins Diana O , Stone William S , Tsuang Ming T , Woods Scott W , Cannon Tyrone D , Walker Elaine F 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical high-risk (CHR) period offers a temporal window into neurobiological deviations preceding psychosis onset, but little attention has been given to regions outside the cerebrum in large-scale studies of CHR. Recently, the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS)-2 revealed altered functional connectivity of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry among individuals at CHR; however, cerebellar morphology remains underinvestigated in this at-risk population, despite growing evidence of its involvement in psychosis.Study DesignIn this multisite study, we analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained from N = 469 CHR individuals (61% male, ages = 12–36 years) and N = 212 healthy controls (52% male, ages = 12–34 years) from NAPLS-2, with a focus on cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes separately. Symptoms were rated by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). The outcome by two-year follow-up was categorized as in-remission, symptomatic, prodromal-progression, or psychotic. General linear models were used for case-control comparisons and tests for volumetric associations with baseline SIPS ratings and clinical outcomes.Study ResultsCerebellar cortex and white matter volumes differed between the CHR and healthy control groups at baseline, with sex moderating the difference in cortical volumes, and both sex and age moderating the difference in white matter volumes. Baseline ratings for major psychosis-risk dimensions as well as a clinical outcome at follow-up had tissue-specific associations with cerebellar volumes.ConclusionsThese findings point to clinically relevant deviations in cerebellar cortex and white matter structures among CHR individuals and highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between sex and age when studying the neuromaturational substrates of psychosis risk.
Role of Stress-Induced Proteins RpoS and YicC in the Persistence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serotype Typhimurium in Tomato Plants
Authors: Deblais Loïc , Ranjit Sochina , Vrisman Claudio , Antony Linto , Scaria Joy , Miller Sally A. , Rajashekara Gireesh 
Published: November 2022

Understanding the functional role of bacterial genes in the persistence of Salmonella in plant organs can facilitate the development of agricultural practices to mitigate food safety risks associated with the consumption of fresh produce contaminated with Salmonella spp. Our study showed that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium (strain MDD14) persisted less in inoculated tomato plants than other Salmonella Typhimurium strains tested (JSG210, JSG626, JSG634, JSG637, JSG3444, and EV030415; P < 0.01). In-vitro assays performed in limited-nutrient conditions (growth rate, biofilm production, and motility) were inconclusive in explaining the in-planta phenotype observed with MDD14. Whole-genome sequencing combined with non-synonymous single nucleotide variations analysis was performed to identify genomic differences between MDD14 and the other Salmonella Typhimurium strains. The genome of MDD14 contained a truncated version (123 bp N-terminal) of yicC and a mutated version of rpoS (two non-synonymous substitutions, i.e., G66E and R82C), which are two stress-induced proteins involved in iron acquisition, environmental sensing, and cell envelope integrity. The rpoS and yicC genes were deleted in Salmonella Typhimurium JSG210 with the Lambda Red recombining system. Both mutants had limited persistence in tomato plant organs, similar to that of MDD14. In conclusion, we demonstrated that YicC and RpoS are involved in the persistence of Salmonella in tomato plants in greenhouse conditions and, thus, could represent potential targets to mitigate persistence of Salmonella spp. in planta. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ørholt Mathias , Abebe Kiya , Aaberg Frederik , Rasmussen Louise Eggers , Daugaard Søren , Loya Anand Chainsukh , Herly Mikkel , Vester-Glowinski Peter Viktor 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Differentiating atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) from pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) remains a challenge. Increasing the use of immunohistochemistry has led to the proposal of many immunomarkers that may aid in the diagnosis of AFX and PDS. In this meta-analysis, we investigate the immunohistochemical characteristics of AFX and PDS based on suggested immunomarkers in the literature. Second, we identify potential distinctive markers found in the tumors' respective immunohistochemical profiles.

Methods:
We included studies using immunomarkers on at least 10 consecutive patients with clinically and histopathologically verified AFX or PDS. The positive rates of the immunomarkers were pooled across the included studies with random-effects models. The immunomarkers were further categorized by a priori–chosen cutoffs in positive rates as positive markers (>90%) or negative markers (<10%). Differences between AFX and PDS were compared with Wald tests.

Results:
We included 45 studies (1516 tumors) reporting on 35 immunomarkers. CD10 was positive in 94% (95% confidence interval, 87–99) of AFX cases and 100% (95% confidence interval, 99–100) of PDS cases. In accordance with the literature, both AFX and PDS were mainly negative for epithelial markers, melanocytic markers, markers of smooth muscle differentiation, and endothelial markers. None of the examined immunomarkers could distinguish AFX from PDS.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that CD10 is a useful positive immunomarker for both AFX and PDS. We found no difference in immunohistochemical profile when comparing AFX with PDS. Our analysis suggests that CD10, AE1/AE3, CK5/CK6, p63, S100, SOX10, desmin, SMA, CD31, and ERG could be used to differentiate AFX and PDS from other spindle cell neoplasms.