bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of acute sympathetic activation on the central artery stiffness after strenuous endurance exercise
Authors: Gentilin Alessandro , Tarperi Cantor , Skroce Kristina , Cevese Antonio , Schena Federico 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Augmented central arterial stiffness (CAS) increases cardiovascular risk. CAS can be augmented by physical exercise and sympathetic activation (SYMP) induced by stressful stimuli. Interestingly, sympathetic vasoconstriction triggered by a sympathetic stimulant is augmented immediately after a strenuous half-marathon compared to at rest. This study assessed whether CAS also augments more post- than pre-half-marathon in response to SYMP. Such assessment takes on relevance considering the growing popularity of strenuous, long-distance endurance exercises.

Methods
13 healthy recreational runners (age 46.1 ± 6.5 years; $$V^{\prime}{\text{O}}_{2} \max$$

V
′

O
2

max

54.23 ± 9.31 mlO2/min/kg) provided the following measurements prior to and within 10 min following a strenuous half-marathon: beat-by-beat aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV; index of CAS), mean blood pressure, and heart rate assessment. Measures were performed at rest and during a 2 min handgrip-mediated SYMP. The effects of the half-marathon and SYMP were assessed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.

Results
Measurements of the aPWV pre- and post-race were not significantly different (7.5 ± 0.8 vs 7.8 ± 0.8 m/s, p = 0.34; pre- vs post-race). 2 min of SYMP increased the baseline aPWV post-race (7.8 ± 0.8 vs 8.4 ± 0.8, p = 0.003; rest vs SYMP) but not pre-race (7.5 ± 0.8 vs 7.9 ± 0.9, p = 0.21).

Conclusion
The baseline aPWV assessed 7 to 8 min after a strenuous half-marathon is similar to that pre-race in healthy runners. This agrees with previous studies suggesting CAS being at or below resting values > 5 min following completion of aerobic exercises. The same sympathetic stressor augments CAS to a greater extent 8–10 min post-race than pre-race, suggesting a greater post-exercise stiffening of central artery segments triggered by the same task.
Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PM2.5-bound toxic elements in the industrial city of Siheung, Korea
Authors: Lee Young Su , Kim Young Kwon , Choi Eunhwa , Jo Hyeri , Hyun Hyeseung , Yi Seung-Muk , Kim Jae Young 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The emission sources and their health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Siheung, Republic of Korea, were investigated as a middle-sized industrial city. To identify the PM2.5 sources with error estimation, a positive matrix factorization model was conducted using daily mean speciated data from November 16, 2019, to October 2, 2020 (95 samples, 22 chemical species). As a result, 10 sources were identified: secondary nitrate (24.3%), secondary sulfate (18.8%), traffic (18.8%), combustion for heating (12.6%), biomass burning (11.8%), coal combustion (3.6%), heavy oil industry (1.8%), smelting industry (4.0%), sea salts (2.7%), and soil (1.7%). Based on the source apportionment results, health risks by inhalation of PM2.5 were assessed for each source using the concentration of toxic elements portioned. The estimated cumulative carcinogenic health risks from the coal combustion, heavy oil industry, and traffic sources exceeded the benchmark, 1E-06. Similarly, carcinogenic health risks from exposure to As and Cr exceeded 1E-05 and 1E-06, respectively, needing a risk reduction plan. The non-carcinogenic risk was smaller than the hazard index of one, implying low potential for adverse health effects. The probable locations of sources with relatively higher carcinogenic risks were tracked. In this study, health risk assessment was performed on the elements for which mass concentration and toxicity information were available; however, future research needs to reflect the toxicity of organic compounds, elemental carbon, and PM2.5 itself.
Does energy efficiency matter for prices of tenant-owned apartments?
Authors: Stenvall David , Cerin Pontus , Sjö Bo , Salah Uddin Gazi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, we use Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) information to investigate the effect of energy efficiency on the selling price of Swedish tenant-owned apartments. While there is a large body of literature on how energy efficiency affects the sales price of single-family houses, none has exclusively focused on tenant-owned apartments. For owners of tenant-owned apartments in Sweden, heating is for a large share included in the monthly fee paid to the tenant association, which usually does not change on a short-term basis. This raises the question whether homebuyers’ incentives for acquiring energy-efficient tenant-owned apartments are large enough to be capitalized into the prices. By hedonic models and matching methods, we found mixed results. In our most optimistic scenarios, tenant-owned apartments enclosed in energy-efficient buildings are sold with a premium of approximately 0.8 to 1.2% compared to apartments in non-efficient buildings. The results in this study are not robust to all model specifications and vary across regions. In comparison with recent studies using data for single-family houses in Sweden, our detected capitalization is smaller. Our results highlight a need for targeted measures if EPCs are to be fully capitalized in prices for all dwelling types in which buyers have different economic incentives for reducing their energy consumption.
Accumulation of metallic trace elements in Reynoutria japonica: a risk assessment for plant biomass valorization
Authors: Lerch Sylvain , Sirguey Catherine , Michelot-Antalik Alice , Jurjanz Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSustainable solutions aiming at limiting Reynoutria japonica invasion consist of frequent removal of its aerial biomass. The aims of this study were to measure the accumulation of metallic trace elements (MTE) in R. japonica, and to assess the eco-toxicological risk related to the valorization of the produced biomass. R. japonica fragmented rhizomes were regenerated in pots for 41 days on a control soil (CTL) or a moderately MTE-contaminated soil (POL, 3.6 mg Cd kg−1 DM). Growth traits were recorded, as well as MTE bioconcentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF) from soil to plant organs. Whatever the MTE and plant organs, BCF remained below one (mean Cd-BCF for stem and leaf: 0.07 and 0.29 for CTL and POL, respectively), conversely to TF (until 2.2 for Cd and Ni in POL soil). When grown on the POL soil, R. japonica stem and leaf Cd content was close to the EU maximum regulatory limit for organic amendments or animal feed. Model simulations suggested that liver and kidney Cd concentrations would exceed the regulatory limit in food when adult cattle or sheep constantly ingest R. japonica grown on the POL soil over 200 to 800 days. The results of the present study will be useful to help managers in selecting efficient and safe solutions for the control of R. japonica invasion.
The application of life cycle assessment in buildings: challenges, and directions for future research
Authors: Fnais Abdulrahman , Rezgui Yacine , Petri Ioan , Beach Thomas , Yeung Jonathan , Ghoroghi Ali , Kubicki Sylvain 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This paper reviews the state-of-the art research in life cycle assessment (LCA) applied to buildings. It focuses on current research trends, and elaborates on gaps and directions for future research.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted to identify current research and applications of LCA in buildings. The proposed review methodology includes (i) identifying recent authoritative research publications using established search engines, (ii) screening and retaining relevant publications, and (iii) extracting relevant LCA applications for buildings and analyzing their underpinning research. Subsequently, several research gaps and limitations were identified, which have informed our proposed future research directions.

Results and discussions
This paper argues that humans can attenuate and positively control the impact of their buildings on the environment, and as such mitigate the effects of climate change. This can be achieved by a new generation of LCA methods and tools that are model based and continuously learn from real-time data, while informing effective operation and management strategies of buildings and districts. Therefore, the consideration of the time dimension in product system modeling is becoming essential to understand the resulting pollutant emissions and resource consumption. This time dimension is currently missing in life cycle inventory databases. A further combination of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) models using time-dependent characterization factors can lead to more comprehensive and reliable LCA results.

Conclusions and recommendations
This paper promotes the concept of semantic-based dynamic (real-time) LCA, which addresses temporal and spatial variations in the local built and environmental ecosystem, and thus more effectively promotes a “cradle-to-grave-to-reincarnation” environmental sustainability capability. Furthermore, it is critical to leverage digital building resources (e.g., connected objects, semantic models, and artificial intelligence) to deliver accurate and reliable environmental assessments.
Selection and evaluation of suitable tree species in dry and dusty mining areas of Northwest China
Authors: Zhu Xiaofang , Cao Bing , Zhao Siming , Wang Xing , Zhang Hao , Gao Deping , Duan Yongfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo select drought-resistant and dust-tolerant native species suitable for use in the rehabilitation of major coal bases in northwest China, nine tree species were identified for growth rates, biomass, harm index, and physiological indices under drought and high dust stress conditions. The results showed that, in the dust resistance index system, the order was Caragana korshinskii > Amorpha fruticosa > Sabina vulgaris > Hedysarum scoparium > Tamarix chinensis > Ammopiptanthus mongolicus > Ulmus pumila > Caryopteris mongholica > Elaeagnus angustifolia. In a comprehensive drought and dust resistance index system, 14 indices (such as shoot length, stomatal conductance, and peroxidase) had the larger weight indices. The drought and dust resistance order of the tree species was Caragana korshinskii > Ulmus pumila > Amorpha fruticosa > Sabina vulgaris > Caryopteris mongholica > Ammopiptanthus mongolicus > Hedysarum scoparium > Tamarix chinensis > Elaeagnus angustifolia. This study provides effective strategies and references for selecting suitable tree species for arid mining sites in China, and also for the revegetation of coal mining sites worldwide.
Utilizing laser spectrochemical analytical methods for assessing the ripening progress of tomato
Authors: Ali Liela Mohamed , El-Saeid Raghda Hosny , Abdel-Harith Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo meet market demands and minimize losses, the tomato crop (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) requires a simple, rapid, and cost-effective method to distinguish between different maturity stages with high accuracy. This study aimed at evaluating two spectrochemical analytical techniques, namely laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), to discriminate three different maturity stages of tomato fruit (‘Green/Breaker’; ‘Turning/Pink’; and ‘Light-red/Red’). The simple linear regression confirmed the obtained LIF results with chlorophyll content (mg/100 g), hue angle (h°), and firmness (kg/cm2) of the different maturity stages (measured by conventional methods). Furthermore, the findings showed that the peak intensities of LIF spectra decreased with the chlorophyll content depletion during ripening. Moreover, the data exposed a reasonably good association between LIF spectra and chlorophyll content with a regression coefficient of 0.85. On the other hand, firmness and skin hue have shown an excellent predictor for the spectra with a high regression coefficient of 0.94. For LIBS spectra of each maturity stage, the ratios of Ca’s ionic-to-atomic spectral lines intensities have followed the same trend as conventionally measured firmness. The results demonstrated that LIF and LIBS are accurate, easy, and fast techniques used to define tomatoes’ different ripening stages. Both methods are useable in situ without any prior laboratory work.
Relocating the education reform movement: how have universities in Taiwan experienced Neoliberalization?
Authors: Peng Ming-Te 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBased on the higher education reform experience in Taiwan, this research elucidates the conditions for the marketization of universities. It draws on critical discourse analysis to explore power relations between higher education, society, and the government and suggests that the university has always been considered a valuable resource for state development. By analyzing the heterogeneity of discourses used in official documents and the academic literature, this research identifies the social contradictions that triggered the education reform movement in the 1990s, including humanistic resistance against economic utility, educational inequality, and demand for academic autonomy. Neoliberalization in higher education is shown as a contemporary model for mobilizing academic resources in indirect but effective ways, with the aim of mapping both neoliberal practices in Taiwan and their connections with the global trend of marketizing higher education.
Antimicrobial activity of commercial organic honeys against clinical isolates of human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Obey Jackie K. , Ngeiywa Moses M. , Lehesvaara Marjatta , Kauhanen Jussi , von Wright Atte , Tikkanen-Kaukanen Carina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Extracts of five organic and one conventional honey sources, available in Finnish markets, were tested for antimicrobial activity and inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, obtained from human specimens. Five (honeys A, B, D, E, F) of the six studied honeys were organic. All the studied honeys had inhibitory activity (zone of inhibition (ZI) > 9.4 ± 0.5 mm) compared to control artificial honey (ZI < 8 mm) against all the studied pathogens. Four organic honeys (B, D, E, F) showed inhibitory activity with ZI > 13.3 mm against all the studied bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12.5–50%. Against E. coli, the organic honeys E and F had activity index (AI) of 0.64 and 0.73, respectively, compared to the antibiotic AI of 1.0. Against S. Typhi, the organic honeys D and F had AI of 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Against P. aeruginosa, the organic honeys D, E, and F had the highest AI of 0.71–0.80, and against S. epidermidis the honeys B, D, E, and F possessed relatively high AI of 0.60, 0.67, 0.73, and 0.78, respectively. Against K. pneumoniae and B. cereus, the detected AI of the organic honeys B, D, E, and F varied between AI of 0.48 and 0.58. The organic honey A and conventionally produced honey C possessed only minor activity with MIC values of 80%. Here, we show that commercially available culinary organic honeys possess remarkable antimicrobial activity against several important human bacterial pathogens.
Evaluation of discharge coefficient of triangular side orifices by using regularized extreme learning machine
Authors: Moghadam Rahim Gerami , Yaghoubi Behrouz , Rajabi Ahmad , Shabanlou Saeid , Izadbakhsh Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present paper attempts to reproduce the discharge coefficient (DC) of triangular side orifices by a new training approach entitled “Regularized Extreme Learning Machine (RELM).” To this end, all parameters influencing the DC of triangular side orifices are initially detected, and then six models are extended by them. For training the RELMs, about 70% of the laboratory measurements are implemented and the remaining (i.e., 30%) are utilized for testing them. In the next steps, the optimal hidden layer neurons number, the best activation function and the most accurate regularization parameter are chosen for the RELM model. As a result of a sensitivity analysis, we figure out that the most important RELM model simulates coefficient values with high exactness. The best RELM model estimates coefficients of discharge using all input factors. The efficiency of the best RELM model is compared with ELM, and it is demonstrated that the former has a lower error and better correlation with the experimental measurements. The error and uncertainty examinations are executed for the RELM and ELM models to indicate that RELM is noticeably stronger. At the final stage, an equation is proposed for computing this coefficient for triangular side orifices and a partial derivative sensitivity analysis is also carried out on it.
A shape design problem for the Navier–Stokes flow with a convective boundary condition
Authors: Simon J. S. H , Notsu Hirofumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a shape optimization problem for the two-dimensional stationary Navier–Stokes equations with an artificial boundary condition is considered. The fluid is assumed to be flowing through a rectangular channel, and the artificial boundary condition is formulated so as to take into account the possibility of ill-posedness caused by the usual do-nothing boundary condition. The goal of the optimization problem is to maximize the vorticity of the said fluid by determining the shape of an obstacle inside the channel. Meanwhile, the shape variation is limited by a perimeter functional and a volume constraint. The perimeter functional was considered to act as a Tikhonov regularizer and the volume constraint is added to exempt us from possible topological changes. The shape derivative of the objective functional was formulated using the rearrangement method, and this derivative was later on used for gradient descent methods. Additionally, an augmented Lagrangian method and a class of solenoidal deformation fields were considered to take into account the goal of volume preservation. Lastly, numerical examples based on gradient descent and the volume preservation methods are presented.
Design and implementation of fault-tolerant control strategies for a real underactuated manipulator robot
Authors: Urrea Claudio , Kern John , Álvarez Exequiel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the design and implementation of four control strategies applied to a real underactuated manipulator robot with 3-DOF (Degrees of Freedom). Additionally, an original methodology for controlled oscillatory compensations is designed and implemented to mitigate the effect of a passive joint on the overall performance of this manipulator robot. The objective of this methodology is to create controlled oscillations that allow the faulty link and its (passive) joint to physically align with their adjacent previous link. The implemented control techniques are sinh–cosh, neural compensation, gain scheduling PID, and gain scheduling sinh–cosh. The real robot in which these four control strategies and oscillatory compensation methodology are implemented is a SCARA (Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm) robot. To assess controller performance—once the 3-DOF underactuated manipulator robot starts its trajectory—after t = 4.5 s, a fault is activated in its joint No. 2, converting it into a passive joint. The performance indicators IA (index of agreement), RMS (Root Mean Square), and RSD (Residual Standard Deviation) are used to analyze, compare, and evaluate the behavior of the four control strategies and the compensation methodology.
Dynamic Index Construction with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wu Sai , Li Ying , Zhu Haoqi , Zhao Junbo , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThanks to the rapid advances in artificial intelligence, a brand new venue for database performance optimization is through deep neural networks and the reinforcement learning paradigm. Alongside the long literature in this regime, an iconic and crucial problem is the index structure building. For this problem, the prior works have largely adopted a pure learning-based solution replacing the traditional methods such as a B-tree and Hashing. While this line of research has drawn much attention in the field, they ubiquitously abandon the semantic guarantees and also suffer from performance loss in certain scenarios. In this work, we propose the Neural Index Search (NIS) framework. The core to this framework is to train a search policy to find a near optimal combination plan over the existing index structures, together with the required configuration parameters associated with each index structure in the plan. We argue that compared against the pure learning approaches, NIS enjoys the advantages brought by the chosen conventional index structures and further robustly enhances the performance from any singular index structure. Extensive empirical results demonstrate that our framework achieves state-of-the-art performances on several benchmarks.
What Is Wrong with Solidarity in EU Asylum and Migration Law?
Authors: Karageorgiou Eleni , Noll Gregor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore why solidarity has not worked according to expectation in EU migration and asylum law and why it is unlikely to work in the future. First, we consider discourses of burden-sharing and solidarity in EU law from the 1990s up to the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 to identify emergent path dependencies. This period saw the introduction of primary law provisions on solidarity, such as Article 80 TFEU, as French and Dutch electorates had rejected a European constitution. Second, we perform an analysis of Article 80 through the conceptual history of solidarity, in particular, the dominant Roman law tradition of obligation in solidum and the French tradition of solidarism. We submit that the term ‘solidarity’ is actually a misnomer: already on structural grounds, Article 80 should be read as an alliance clause, countering a threat of irregular immigration. Third, we find that the practice under Article 80 as it develops during the period between 2015 and the 2020 European Commission Pact on Migration and Asylum corroborates this finding. Overall, we find that the concept of solidarity in EU asylum and migration law engenders outcome expectations that it cannot deliver as the defence alliance it is.
Influence of ceramic particles additions on the properties of Ca3Co4O9
Authors: Amaveda H. , Mora M. , Dura O. J. , Torres M. A. , Madre M. A. , Marinel S. , Sotelo A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ca3Co4O9 + x wt% B4C, AlN, TiC, TiB2, or TiN (x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. In all samples, only the Ca3Co4O9 phase was identified by powder XRD. Nevertheless, microstructural studies have shown that most of the additives have reacted with air and Ca3Co4O9 phase on their surfaces, producing new phases. Moreover, it seemed that grain sizes were, at least, slightly reduced. On the other hand, while nearly no modification of the Seebeck coefficient has been observed, independently of the added compound and proportion, electrical resistivity decreased in all cases, when compared to the pristine sample. Consequently, the power factor of samples with additions was higher than the one determined for the pure sample. Linear thermal expansion also decreased with these additives, pointing out to the formation of relatively strong grain boundaries which can improve the carrier mobility and decrease the thermal expansion. The lowest thermal expansion value has been measured in 0.25 wt% B4C samples, being only around 20% higher than that of Al2O3, which can help to reduce the differential thermal expansion in thermoelectric modules working at high temperatures; these results may be very interesting for applications prospects.

Article highlights

Addition of different ceramic additives to Ca3Co4O9 phase increases electrical conductivity, and power factor.

All additive ceramics react with oxygen and the Ca3Co4O9 phase modifying the properties of pristine compound.

The decrease of thermal expansion coefficient will allow reducing the differential thermal expansion in modules.