bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Mars to Venus
Authors: Heilbron J.L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bianchini the historian and archeologist was still Bianchini the astronomer. “From Mars to Venus” centers on his major projects of the 1720s: the trigonometric measurement of a meridian of longitude from Rome to Rimini and a study of the motion and surface of the planet Venus. The meridian anchored an accurate map of the papal states; the mapping of Venus secured nothing at all, since its surface is not visible to the naked eye. Such was Bianchini’s stature, however, that for a century and a half astronomers kept seeking the elusive markings he reported. The lavish volume describing his extensive inquiries about Venus was underwritten by a new royal patron, João V of Portugal. The chapter also describes Bianchini’s collaboration with the colorful Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli and the observatory of the institute the count established in Bologna, a byproduct of which was the commission by Pope Clement of the famous paintings of astronomical motifs by Donato Creti.
Expanding the Scope of Law and Literature - Unpacking Cultural-Legal Issues
Authors: Olson Greta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Introduction presents an overview of the methodologies that belong to an expanded Law and Literature. The book argues for recasting Law and Literature as an analysis of the relationships between legality and affect. “Legality” encompasses all kinds of expressions of the legal, such as those in sound, images, sculpture, narrative, and metaphor, as well as actual legal texts and processes. “Affect” cues in the need to consider people’s subjective relationships to what they think of as law-full—what they experience through the reporting of isolated legal issues, exchanges on social media, and in relation to fictionalized representations of law. One result of Law and Literature’s having reached a level of maturation and proliferation is the need to articulate methods. These include a model of how subjective legal identities are created, a model for analyzing instances of popular legality, theories of law and affect, and cultural narratologies of law.
Law Has Gone Pop
Authors: Olson Greta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter II plays on the title of Richard Sherwin’s influential book to argue against the idea that popular media distorts legal processes and to embrace the importance of popular legality in everyday understandings of law. The chapter proposes a tripartite model for performing media analysis. This model acknowledges the terms of production including the political and economic settings in which texts arise. It addresses formal elements such as sound and moving images, and examines conditions under which audiences interact with texts. This model of interpretation can also be applied to literary texts, meant in the traditional sense of plays, poems, and prose literary works. The case studies demonstrate that it is necessary to perform culturally specific and medially literate analyses. Comparative case studies of women judge shows and single-women lawyer dramedies exhibit the particularity of the U.S. American and German legal cultures to which they respond.
The Turn to Passion in Law and Literature
Authors: Olson Greta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter III is speculative. It reflects on the turn to affect in critical legal studies as a larger paradigmatic move away from representationalism. It discusses genealogies of affect theory and points out how Law and Affect work strongly differs from discussions of law and emotion. The chapter deals with the difficult history of Rechtsgefühle (passionate feelings about law) in Germany, one interpretation of which was used to justify Nazi law, and other permutations of which have been used to argue that Nazi crimes can never cease to be punishable, or to critique legally supported geocapitalism. The chapter asks how jural persons might be treated, or “felt,” within a Law and Affect framework. The recent emphasis on affect presents a major challenge to the way practitioners have learnt to conduct Law and Literature work through narrative and linguistics-based analysis.
Law and Literature as Legal Pluralism
Authors: Olson Greta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chapter IV argues that Law and Literature is not solely a U.S. invention, but that any number of pre-1970 Law and Literature(s) preceded it, even if they were not called Law and Literature. The chapter moves from the discussion of individual legal subjectivities in Chapter II to the analysis of how group legal identities are produced, using cultural narrative studies but expanding on this method with an attention to affect, metaphor and media. The chapter demonstrates the specificity of individual Law and Literature(s) and recognizes Law and Literature’s capacity to make legal interventions using aesthetic means. Sections on the German territories in the Vormärz period, on African American literature and the arts of Black Lives Matter, and on pro- and anti-refugee art forms in Germany highlight specific uses of the aesthetic to query and critique the law.
Crackling Noise
Authors: Zapperi Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Crackling noise refers to an intermittent series of pulses of broadly distributed amplitude and duration that is observed in different contexts from the crumpling of a sheet of paper to the flow of fluids in porous media. Studying crackling noise is interesting because it reflects key microscopic processes inside the material, with each crackle in the noise corresponding to an internal avalanche event. A distinct statistical feature of crackling noise is the presence of power law distributed noise pulses and long-range correlations which are the hallmarks of critical phenomena. Hence, the physics of complex non-equilibrium disordered systems provides the natural theoretical framework to tackle crackling noise. The present book reviews the statistical properties of crackling noise, providing an introduction to the main theoretical concepts needed to interpret them. The book also contains a detailed discussion of several examples of crackling noise in materials, including fracture, plasticity, ferromagnetism, superconductivity, granular flow and fluid flow in porous media. A final chapter discusses the relevance of avalanche behavior for biological systems.
Scaling Features of Crackling Noise
Authors: Zapperi Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss the statistical properties of crackling noise using a simple sandpile model as an illustration. We recall some basic concepts related to the theory of phase transitions and critical phenomena and then show how they can be applied to the description of avalanche phenomena. In this context, we discuss critical exponents, scaling relations and universal scaling functions. We discuss the spectral properties of crackling noise and show how they can be related to the scaling of the avalanches. Finally, we discuss the effect of driving rate and background noise on the avalanche statistics.
The Depinning Transition
Authors: Zapperi Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several systems in condensed matter physics can be described by elastic manifolds in random media. Concrete examples are provided by domain walls in ferromagnets, flux lines in type II superconductors, contact lines, crack fronts and dislocations. When an elastic manifold is pushed through a disordered landscape, it typically displays a depinning transition between a moving and a pinned phase. In the past decades, a vast theoretical effort has been devoted to understand the depinning transition as a non-equilibrium critical phenomenon. In the course of time, a deeper level of description and understanding of this phenomenon has been achieved, going far beyond a mere estimate of the depinning force, which has typically been the original motivation to address the problem. The morphology of a manifold is generally found to be self-affine and can be characterized by a roughness exponent. Other scaling exponents have been introduced to characterize the behavior of correlation lengths and times, the velocity above depinning. In addition, the dynamics of elastic manifolds proceeds by avalanches that are power law distributed at the depinning transition. Quantitative predictions of the critical exponents have been obtained analytically by the renormalization group and have been confirmed by numerical simulations.
Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Zapperi Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The process of fluid invasion in a porous medium is often irregular and characterized by avalanches. In imbibition, one typically observes a self-affine front and avalanches are related to those observed in interface depinning. Conversely in drainage, the fluid front tears apart, giving rise to an invasion percolation process where the fluid forms a fractal interface. The crossover between these two behaviors is ruled by the wetting angle and can be described by simple models. In further applications, we discuss the capillary condensation of He in nucleapore and air flow during the inflation of collapsed lungs. The air pressure opens the bronchial channels and alveoli in avalanches, resulting in a crackling noise.
Outlook
Authors: Zapperi Stefano 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this book, we have presented an overview of crackling noise and have discussed its interpretation in terms of underlying avalanche phenomena. We have seen that the statistical properties of crackling noise are characterized by a set of power-law distributions which can be related by scaling laws in analogy with similar relations derived for equilibrium- and non-equilibrium-critical systems. This suggests that crackling noise is a manifestation of some for of criticality of the avalanches that produce the noise. While in this book we followed the general idea that power-law distributions in crackling noise are due to critical avalanches, several other mechanisms not involving critical points have been proposed in the literature. However, none of these mechanisms of power-law generation have gained much traction in the context of crackling noise. While not all power laws in nature are a signature of a critical point, avalanche phenomena have been consistently and quantitatively interpreted using critical phenomena.
Bringing the Church Back In
Authors: Møller Jørgen , Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Introduction first shows how much recent social science literature, which has delved back to the High Middle Ages to study the development of European self-government and state formation, has ignored the role of the Catholic Church. It then presents the main argument of the book: that the eleventh-century ‘crisis of church and state’ unleased the two balancing acts that European state-builders have had to operate under ever since—against strong societies and against each other. This argument draws inspiration from an older body of social science work, as well as the work of historians. The Introduction describes the theoretical framework of the book, and it presents the structure of the chapters that follow.
The Conflict of Church and State
Authors: Møller Jørgen , Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter traces the roots of the eleventh-century ‘conflict of church and state’. It shows how the historical point of departure was a fusion of lay and religious authority which bolstered sacral monarchy. This situation, common across the great civilization areas of Eurasia, was destabilized by a large-scale collapse of public authority in the ninth and tenth centuries. The buckling of royal power allowed a bottom-up reform movement in West Francia (the Cluniac movement), directed by clergy but with popular backing, to push for ecclesiastical autonomy and asceticism in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. This reform programme was then adopted by the top-down papal or ‘Gregorian’ reform movement, which is conventionally dated to 1046 or 1049. In the 1070s, the Gregorian reformers unleashed the great conflict over investiture, centring on whether they or lay rulers had the right to appoint clergy, in particular bishops. Throughout the High Middle Ages, the consequent conflict of church and state would dominate European politics.
A New Dataset of Ecclesiastical and Lay Institutions in the Latin West
Authors: Møller Jørgen , Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents the data used in this book. The authors have compiled a new dataset of urban religious and lay institutions in Western and Central Europe between ad 1000 and 1300, supplemented by data on realm-level political assemblies in the East Iberian Crown of Aragon. In Chapter 2, this dataset is used to illustrate how religious institutions, such as bishoprics and Cluniac and Dominican monasteries, spread across the Latin West after the collapse of the Roman Empire. The chapter also shows how urban autonomy emerged in northern Italy and France and then spread across Western Europe. These data serve as a foundation for later empirical analyses, which connect the dots of the spread of ecclesiastical and lay institutions.
The Reform Movement and Urban Self-Government
Authors: Møller Jørgen , Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter shows how for more than a century after the Investiture Controversy, urban self-government by and large remained confined to towns ruled by bishops. It argues that this was because townsmen supporting the reform agenda were incentivized to take political power in episcopal cities to correct unreformed clergy. This was a result of how the church reform movement had introduced a set of social realignments, facilitated by new norms about ecclesiastical office-holding. These realignments stimulated the urban associationalism which led to the initial emergence of autonomous town councils. The chapter documents that medieval towns, and episcopal towns in particular, were substantially more likely to establish autonomous town councils in the period 1000–1200 if they had contact with monasteries which spread the ‘Cluniac’ reforms. The initial appearance of self-governing groups, which European rulers henceforth had to confront and bargain with, was thus an outgrowth of the reform programme within the Church.
The Invention and Spread of Representation and Consent
Authors: Møller Jørgen , Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the invention and spread of representation and consent. It first shows that recent attempts to explain the development of medieval representative institutions have neglected a long-standing insight of medieval and legal historians: political representation and rule by consent were first developed within the Catholic Church following the eleventh-century Gregorian Reforms. These practices then migrated to secular polities in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, facilitated by the towering position of the Church in medieval society in general and the ubiquitous ‘areas of interaction’ between religious and lay spheres in particular. The authors use qualitative evidence to document these processes by analysing the initial adoption of proctorial representation and consent at political assemblies, first within the Church, then in lay polities. As a second step, they show how the presence of the mendicant Dominican order (organized from top to bottom based on representation) inspired the development of representative government at the urban level. These findings corroborate recent insights about the importance of religious institutions and diffusion in processes of regime change, and they shed light on the puzzling fact that representation and consent—the core principles of modern democracy—only arose and spread in the Latin West.
Corollaries of the Hohenstaufen Collapse
Authors: Møller Jørgen , Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines further the repercussions of the tensions between lay and religious authority by studying the political consequences of the final papal victory over the Hohenstaufen imperial dynasty in the thirteenth century. The result was another state collapse—in the form of a prolonged succession crisis known as the Great Interregnum (1250–1312)—this time confined to the Roman Empire of the German Nation. The chapter documents how this crisis, itself a consequence of the conflict of church and state, further consolidated urban self-government across large swatches of Western and Central Europe. Besides stimulating the internal balancing act, the progressive fragmentation and decentralization of the Empire—throughout the High Middle Ages the main candidate for creating an imperialization of the Latin West—left space for the advent of territorial states such as France. Finally, it had repercussions elsewhere in the form of generalized geopolitical pressure. The chapter shows how the rulers of the Crown of Aragon became embroiled in the Hohenstaufen collapse, and how this made them more hemmed in by but also able to channel power via institutions of constraint.
Taking Stock and Looking Forward
Authors: Møller Jørgen , Doucette Jonathan Stavnskær 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Conclusions first briefly describes the political role of the Catholic Church in the period after the French Revolution. Against this backdrop, the chapter argues that there is another story to tell for those interested in how the Catholic Church has influenced European processes of state formation and regime change. It discusses what kind of power the Church mainly exercised and it summarizes the key findings of the book. Finally, the implications of the findings for how to best understand European state formation and regime change and how to theorize and analyse interactions between religion and politics are discussed.
What Rosalind Likes
Authors: Hecht Paul J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
What Rosalind Likes begins with the strange ferocity of Elizabethan responses to poetry: a woman named Rosalind expresses scorn for a shepherd’s poems, and a character in a play loses his temper and storms off stage at the sound of a blank verse line. What are these people so angry about? Thus begins a journey into a world where the details of poetic form and vagaries of Latin translation are caught up in the dynamics of gender, sexuality, class, and race, and power, where too much alliteration, for example, could destabilize your gender or pose a threat to national security. Situated in the crucial final two decades of the sixteenth century, What Rosalind Likes takes three figures named “Rosalind” in works by Spenser (The Shepheardes Calender), Lodge (Rosalynde), and Shakespeare (As You Like It) to create a new approach to literary history and feminist criticism. The development and emergence of Rosalind as one of the most famous and beloved characters in the Shakespeare canon is thus connected to the troubled history of Virgilian reception, to tensions between aesthetics and sexual empowerment and powerlessness, to methodology associated with postcritique, including surface reading and the valorization of negative emotions, and to queer theology. The book ends by thinking about Rosalind with respect to the poetry of Mary Wroth, and examining depictions of Rosalind on stage and screen by Dora Jordan and Katharine Hepburn.
Introduction
Authors: Hecht Paul J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the aims and stakes of the project as a technical history of Rosalind and a biography of poetry, terminology that suggests the project’s alignment with methodologies associated with postcritique, and a specific aim to connect aesthetics and classical reception through poetic form with debates over gender and sexuality. These topics are explored through analyses of formative theory by Theodor Adorno and Leo Bersani, and more recent queer feminist work by Janet Halley and Amber Musser. The chapter ends with an analysis of an early version of a play by Ben Jonson, Every Man In His Humour.
Reforming the Bank’s Structure
Authors: Moloney Kim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is a surprising lack of academic analysis of the Bank’s 1987 reform. While more analysis has been published about the 1992 Wapenhans Report, both the reform and the Report do more to structurally influence sector-specific policy change than any other post-1980 effort. The 1987 reform created organizational space for Bank staff who encouraged an alternative institutional development focus for the PSM sector agenda. The 1992 Wapenhans Report highlighted misaligned lending incentives and organizational blockages at the Bank. An ongoing non-resolution of Report findings will shape subsequent chapters and help explain the limited influence of internal evaluative mechanisms over sector-specific policy change. This reform and Report interact with moments of sector expansion and change.
Internal Evaluators and External NGOs
Authors: Moloney Kim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter engages two sets of actors. The first is the multiple internal evaluative units and other related accountability actors. This includes the Operational Evaluation Department (later renamed the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG)), the Inspection Panel, an Integrity Vice Presidency, the now-defunct Quality Assurance Group (QAG), and a similarly defunct Results Secretariat. For this book’s identified policy sector, each internal actor’s influence over policy change is minimal. Reasons vary from evaluations which do not alter incentives (IEG), no sector-specific bureaucratic and operational procedures (Panel), and no sector-specific interactions (Integrity). While both QAG and the Secretariat did interact with this book’s sector of interest (as well as other sectors), each faced organizational disincentives to their continuation as internal evaluative actors. The second set of actors are NGOs. Contrary to most scholarship on civil society interaction with the Bank in non-PSM/PSG sectors, NGOs with a specific focus on PSM/PSG are far less common. Of the five NGOs identified by interviewe as relevant to this sector of policy change, only Transparency International (TI) and the International Budget Project (IBP) had some influence over PSM/PSG policy change. In TI’s case, its influence was most significant in the 1990s as President Wolfensohn added anticorruption to the Bank’s sector agenda. In contrast, IBP’s influence arose after the mid-2000s and was specific to IMF-Bank interactions on budget transparency initiatives.
PSM/PSG Sector Emergence, Policy Change, and Who Matters at the World Bank
Authors: Moloney Kim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe conclusion reminds readers of this book’s analytical framework for explaining 32 years of policy change within the World Bank’s public sector management and public sector governance agenda. The chapter notes the book’s focus on policy change as worthy of a sustained analytical interest, its engagement with the public administration discipline to potentially complement constructivist approaches arising out of international relations, and the importance of policy change analyses for mid-range theory development. The book’s independent variables are further articulated within this chapter via six researchable propositions for external actors and another seven propositions for internal actors. Each proposition may offer an opportunity to further IO policy change studies.