bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cost of Shade: Cost-Effectiveness of Trees Versus Bus Shelters
Authors: McPherson E. Gregory , Biedenbender Sharon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractShade at bus stops can enhance the thermal comfort of waiting riders and can encourage new passengers, thereby reducing air pollution and traffic congestion. This study used computer simulation to compare the cost-effectiveness of shade provided by metal shelters versus trees at 64 bus stops in Tucson, Arizona. The 40-year projected total future and present values of costs were over 50% greater for shelters than for trees. When differences in the amount of shade provided over time were considered, a 20% cost savings was projected for trees. Expenses for irrigation and pruning accounted for about 95% of all projected tree costs. These findings suggest that trees can be a cost-effective substitute for shelters at bus stops in mid-latitude cities where shade isuseful.
Combined UV and IR ozone profile retrieval from TROPOMI and CrIS measurements
Authors: Mettig Nora , Weber Mark , Rozanov Alexei , Burrows John P. , Veefkind Pepijn , Thompson Anne M. , Stauffer Ryan M. , Leblanc Thierry , Ancellet Gerard , Newchurch Michael J. , Kuang Shi , Kivi Rigel , Tully Matthew B. , Van Malderen Roeland , Piters Ankie , Kois Bogumil , Stübi René , Skrivankova Pavla 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Vertical ozone profiles from combined spectral measurements in the ultraviolet and infrared spectral range were retrieved by using data from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (TROPOMI/S5P) and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (CrIS/Suomi-NPP), which are flying in loose formation 3 min apart in the same orbit. A previous study of ozone profiles retrieved exclusively from TROPOMI UV spectra showed that the vertical resolution in the troposphere is clearly limited (Mettig et al., 2021). The vertical resolution and the vertical extent of the ozone profiles is improved by combining both wavelength ranges compared to retrievals limited to UV or IR spectral data only. The combined retrieval particularly improves the accuracy of the retrieved tropospheric ozone and to a lesser degree stratospheric ozone up to 30 km. An increase in the degrees of freedom (DOF) by 1 DOF was found in the UV + IR retrieval compared to the UV-only retrieval.
Compared to previous publications, which investigated combinations of UV and IR observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (OMI and TES) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment version 2 and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (GOME-2 and IASI) pairs, the degree of freedom is lower, which is attributed to the reduced spectral resolution of CrIS compared to TES or IASI.
Tropospheric lidar and ozonesondes were used to validate the ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone content (TOC). In their comparison with tropospheric lidars, both ozone profiles and TOCs show smaller biases for the retrieved data from the combined UV + IR observation than from the UV observations alone. For the ozone profiles below 10 km, the mean differences are around ±10 % and the mean TOC varies around ±3 DU.
We show that TOCs from the combined retrieval agree better with ozonesonde results at northern latitudes than the UV-only and IR-only retrievals and also have lower scatter. In the tropics, the IR-only retrieval shows the best agrement with TOCs derived from ozonesondes.
While in general the TOCs show good agreement with ozonesonde data, the profiles have a positive bias of around 30 % between 10 and 15 km.
The reason is probably a positive stratospheric bias from the IR retrieval.
The comparison of the UV + IR and UV ozone profiles up to 30 km with the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) demonstrates the improvement of the UV + IR profile in the stratosphere above 18 km. In comparison to the UV-only approach the retrieval shows improvements of up to 10 % depending on latitude but can also show worse results in some regions and latitudes.
Implementasi Sedekah Pada Pengembangan Usaha Mutashaddiq (Studi Kasus : UPZIS NU Care-Lazisnu Ranting Gempollegundi Kecamatan Gudo Kabupaten Jombang)
Authors: Kartika Siti Dewi 
Published: May 2022

Sedekah merupakan bentuk kegiatan yang berhubungan langsung dengan Allah SWT sebagai bentuk rasa syukur dan berhubungan langsung antar manusia untuk saling membantu. Sedekah erat kaitannya dengan menyisihkan sebagian harta atau pendapatan yang diperoleh dengan harapan mendapat kemudahan dan keberkahan dalam menjalankan usaha. Keberadaan Lembaga Amil Zakat, Infak dan Sedekah (LAZIS) sangat penting ditengah-tengah masyarakat. Dengan adanya LAZIS maka dana zakat, infak dan sedekah dapat dikelola sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah. NU Care – Lazisnu merupakan salah satu macam dari LAZIS yang berada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan sedekah yang dilakukan oleh Mutashaddiq dalam upaya untuk mengembangkan usahanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jombang yang dikenal dengan kota santri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada Mutashaddiq dan arsip dokumen dari kantor NU Care – Lazisnu Kabupaten Jombang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada Mutashaddiq, penerapan sedekah yang dilakukan secara rutin setelah sholat subuh memberikan perubahan yang positif pada usaha yang dikelola serta terpenuhinya maqashid syari’ah al-maal.

Keywords : Implementasi, Sedekah, Usaha, Mutashaddiq
Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (Umkm) Syariah Di Kota Balikpapan
Authors: Sukman Sukman 
Published: May 2022

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) mempunyai peranan yang begitu penting dalam mendorong tingkat perkembangan ekonomi di Indonesia. Keberadaan UMKM mampu memperluas lapangan kerja dan memberikan pelayanan ekonomi yang luas pada masyarakat, dapat berperan dalam proses pemerataan dan peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat serta mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan berperan dalam mewujudkan stabilitas ekonomi. Kehadiran UMKM Syariah sebagai tuntutan dari masyarakat Indonesia yang mayoritas beragama Islam, di mana memerlukan suatu ekonomi yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Maka, pemberdayaan pada UMKM Syariah mutlak harus dilakukan.
Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui bagaimana upaya Dinas Koperasi UMKM dan Perindustrian Kota Balikpapan dalam pemberdayaan UMKM Syariah dan mengetahui unsur pendukung dan penghambat dalam melaksanakan pemberdayaan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Unit analisa dalam penelitian ini adalah Dinas Koperasi UMKM dan Perindustrian Kota Balikpapan selaku Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) yang bertanggung jawab terkait UMKM dan pelaku UMKM di Kota Balikpapan
Hasil dari penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan bahwa upaya Dinas Koperasi UMKM dan Perindustrian Kota Balikpapan dalam pemberdayaan UMKM Syariah masih bersifat umum. Terdiri dari Program Peningkatan Kemampuan Sumber Daya Manusia, Program Bantuan Pemasaran, Program Bantuan Permodalan, Program Peningkatan Penggunaan Teknologi dan Program Kemudahan Perizinan. Adapun unsur pendukung dalam pelaksanaan pemberdayaan yakni kebijakan pemerintah dan sarana prasana, dan unsur penghambat yang dihadapi yakni sumber daya manusia dan modal yang bebas dari riba
Tafsir Tematik Tentang Ibadah Kurban (Studi Surat Al-Hajj: 36)
Authors: Kusnadi Kusnadi 
Published: May 2022

Ibadah kurban merupakan ritual penyembelihan binatang berupa unta, sapi kambing dan lembu yang dilakukan setiap tahun oleh umat Islam pada tanggal sepuluh Zul Hijjah (hari raya eidul Adha) hingga hari tasyrik. Menyembelih hewan kurban merupakan ibadah yang sangat mulia, ibadah ini sudah menjadi syariat bagi setiap umat terdahulu. Kita selaku umat Muhammad ﷺ sangat dianjurkan untuk melaksanakan ibadah ini. Secara formalistik, ibadah kurban pertama kali dilakukan oleh nabi Ibrahim alaihis salam, bahkan ibadah kurban pernah dilakukan di masa Adam alaihis salam. Kita sebagai umat terakhir diperintah untuk mengikuti syariat umat terdahulu, yaitu syariat Ibrahim alaihis salam. Di antara ayat al-Qur’an yang berbicara tentang kurban adalah surat al-Hajj [22]: 36. Pada ayat tersebut menjelaskan bahwa ibadah kurban merupakan syiar Allah ﷻ dimana umat Islam dianjurkan untuk melaksanakannya sebagai wujud kesyukuran kepada-Nya. Ayat ini terdapat beberapa persoalan hukum. Diantaranya adalah kriteria hewan yang akan disembelih, hukum mambaca basmalah, waktu penyembelihan hewan kurban serta pendistribusian daging kurban. Mengenai persoalan hukum tentang ayat di atas, terdapat varian pendapat dikalangan ulama, baik dari ulama tafsir maupun ulama fikih. Ayat tersebut hingga saat ini terus menjadi sepirit bagi umat Islam khususnya masyrakat Indonesia walaupun terrtimpa musiabah pandemi covid 19 mereka tetap menjalankan. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai pengagungaan kepada Allah ﷻ dan untuk mendekatkan diri kepada-Nya.
Spectral/hp element methods for flow modelling using Nektar++
Authors: Sherwin Spencer , Cantwell Chris , Moxey David 
Published: May 2022

Nektar++ is an open-source framework that provides a flexible, high-performance and scalable platform for the development of solvers for partial differential equations using the high-order spectral/hp element method. In particular, Nektar++ aims to overcome the complex implementation challenges that are often associated with high-order methods, thereby allowing them to be more readily used in a wide range of application areas. In this presentation we will first provide some motivation behind the spectral/hp element method and the development of Nektar++. We will then provide some background on the code design and finally show some of the more challenging applications areas we have been tackling. The presentation will be given by three of the four team leaders of the project namely, Spencer Sherwin, Chris Cantwell and David Moxey.
Exploring the Dynamics of Inter-Household Consumption Inequality in Ghana
Authors: Owoo Nkechi Srodah , Osei Robert Darko 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The lack of distinctive constructs for poverty and inequality often makes it difficult, if not impossible, to assess both of these economic welfare outcomes clearly and independently. In this article, we propose the use of household expenditure deviations as a proxy for inter-household consumption inequality. By means of this novel construct, we are able to model the correlates of poverty and inequality separately, using a panel dataset for Ghana. We find four different cases of correlations for household poverty and inequality. While some factors are associated with both increasing poverty and inequality, such as male headship and belonging to traditionalist religions, other factors are associated with decreasing poverty and inequality, such as higher education, employment, and the provision of social safety nets. Perhaps more interestingly, some factors are associated with increasing (decreasing) poverty but decreasing (increasing) inequality. These findings allow greater policy concentration on not just poverty, as has been the case in many developing countries, but also on inequality. We conclude that it would be important to design more nuanced interventions, therefore, to ensure that both welfare outcomes—poverty and inequality—are satisfactorily and simultaneously achieved.
Rudolf Modley and the Americanization of Isotype
Authors: Sandner Günther 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rudolf Modley was an associate at Otto Neurath’s Social and Economic Museum in interwar Vienna, where the Vienna Method of Pictorial Statistics was developed. It became Isotype (International System of Typographic Picture Education) from the mid-1930s. Modley went to the United States as early as 1930 and founded Pictorial Statistics, Inc., in New York in 1934 and Pictograph Corporation in 1940. In the decades after 1945 Modley’s activity profile fanned out, but he continued to be active in the field of information design. In his last twelve years, he codesigned the Glyphs Project with cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead, which aimed to create a limited number of universally understood symbols. Although Modley was strongly influenced by his early professional experiences with Otto Neurath, he evolved in the United States away from the visual education work practiced in Vienna. His work was therefore not a linear continuation of Isotype, but an attempt to adapt the visual language to American conditions.
Tribal Water Rights, Community Economies, and Adaptive Water Institutions in the Western United States
Authors: Young Ryan , Colby Bonnie , Thompson Gary 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Adaptive institutional response is evident over the many decades in which Native American tribes in the western United States have sought to overcome persistent socioeconomic challenges to tribal economic development and improved standards of living. Thriving indigenous communities with active regional economic trade characterized much of North American prior to European colonization, but many tribes in the United States today struggle with poverty. In this study, U.S. Census Bureau data are linked with several other data sources to better understand how “tribal presence” and tribal water entitlements are related to economic well-being. This study finds that tribal land and Native American population are related to lower per capita income and higher poverty at western U.S. county spatial scales. Low educational attainment, limited Internet access, urban setting, and climate variability also are linked to lower income and increased household poverty. Counties with tribal presence and quantified tribal water rights tend to be poorer than counties with tribal presence and no quantified tribal water rights, suggesting poverty as a motivation for pursuing water entitlements.
Nubian Proverbs (Fadijja/Mahas)
Authors: Habbob Maher 
Published: May 2022

In the 1995/96 academic year, twenty-five Egyptian Nubian students of the Faculty of Social Work in Aswan were recruited by Dr. Muddathir Salim to complete a brief Nubian ethnological survey, largely restricted to the area of New Nubia, over a period of several months. They documented Egyptian Nubian culture and heritage, among them proverbs, tales, lullabies, marriage customs, and moulid and mourning songs, as well as models of Nubian clothes, jewelry, and houses.
This research has culminated in Maher Habbob's Nubian Proverbs, which presents the fruits of decades of collecting proverbs from his native Nubian region in Fadijja (Nobiin). The five hundred proverbs gathered in this volume give a vivid picture of the Nubian imagination and represent a priceless archive of cultural heritage threatened by ongoing assimilation and cultural genocide.
The proverbs are presented in Nubian script, accompanied by a transliteration in Roman script, an a literal translation and paraphrase in English.
Iontophoretic Transport of Local Anesthesia: A Literature Review
Authors: Tabassum Nafeesa 
Published: May 2022

Aim:This study aimed to comprehensively review the literature about the use of iontophoresis for the transportation of local anesthesia to better understand the feasibility of such technique and its benefits compared to other delivery systems. In addition, in the current review we present the challenges compromising the use of this drug delivery system in this area. Material and Methods: This is a literature review which aimed to screen old as well as very recent literature on the technique, methodology, clinical findings, influencing factors of local anesthetics iontophoresis, thus PubMed electronic databases were screened. Indexed articles during the time period extending between 1977 and 2021 were tentatively reviewed.	This review was registered by and it only included articles written in English. Research studies conducted in vitro or on animals were excluded in addition to case studies, case series, and pilot studies. Articles that included major forms of bias were also excluded.	Pubmed database was screened using the following Mesh terms: Anesthetics, Local / administration & dosage*, Epinephrine / administration & dosage, Ethanol / pharmacology, Humans, Iontophoresis*, Lidocaine / administration & dosage, Regional Blood Flow, Skin / blood supply, Skin / drug effects*Skin / metabolism. Results: A total of 89 studies were screened for possible inclusion after searching for the above mesh terms in PubMed. Eventually, 16 articles were included in this review where 2 studies were related to iontophoretic anesthesia of the ear, 6 were related to skin anesthesia, and 7 related to the oral cavity. The other three studies compared the use of local anesthesia mediated by iontophoresis to other approaches and the change in dosing requirements following iontophoresis administration of local anesthetics. Keywords: Pain management, local anesthesia, drug delivery system, transport, Iontophoresis.
Molecular analysis of clinical isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ERIC PCR
Authors: Najem Sura Abdul-Aziz , Shubbar Ebtehal E. 
Published: May 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant mortality factor due to nosocomial infections in humans. P. aeruginosa has been known with severe infections, high incidence, and multiple drug resistance The present study aims to rapidly diagnose and biotype the isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from human infections in intensive care units, Al-Sadder Medical City, Al-Hakeem General Hospital, and the burn center in Najaf city by ERIC-PCR. From 156 clinical sample 23 P. aeruginosa were isolated including burn 17/77 (22%), 2/21wound (9.5%), 3/43 urine (6.9%), 1/15 throat swab(6.6) between August 2021 to February 2022. After phenotypic confirmation, isolates were examined by PCR for molecular confirmation Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR were done on 24 isolates. In ERIC-PCR Genetic analysis of P. aeruginosa isolates depending on ≥ 75% similarity revealed the presence of 8 different cluster as figure 2, four of them with single isolate other two clusters with two similar isolates while the two other clusters contained seven identical isolates profile each.
Biodegradation of malachite degradation by laccsae from Bacillus licheniformis NS2324
Authors: Chopra Navleen Kaur , Sondhi Sonica 
Published: May 2022

Malachite green, a triphenylmethane dye, is used in aquaculture to limit the growth of protozoans and fungi in fish. It is also employed in the food, medicinal, and textile sectors. MG has high toxicity covering micro organisms and higher eukaryotes. Its toxic effects include organ damage, developmental abnormalities and mutagenic/carcinogenic potentials. Hence it is of utmost importance to degrade MG. Therefore, in this study with the help of catalytic properties of laccase, biodegradation of dye-malachite green was studied with respect to different factors like temperature, pH, enzyme dose and treatment time. The maximum of 99.31±0.97% MG decoloration was obtained under the conditions of 10 U ml-1 enzyme, pH 8.0 incubation time 1h and a temperature of 50°C. MG was degraded without any mediator of laccase in the current study.
A Post-German City as a Palimpsest in Contemporary Prose of the Lubuskie Land
Authors: Gieba Kamila 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The article concerns contemporary Polish literature about post-war migrations caused by the change of the border between Poland and Germany in 1945. The main topic of this article is the literary representation of a post-German city. Selected works by three authors associated with the Lubuskie Land are analyzed. They are: the novels Grünberg [Green town] by Krzysztof Fedorowicz, Stacyjka na wschodzie i zachodzie [The train station in the east and in the west], and Klucze do rzeki [Keys to the river] by Maria Sidorska-Ryczkowska; and a volume of poetry by Janusz Werstler, Ocalone w słowie: Odejście Marii, odejście Anny [Survived in a word: Maria's departure, Anna's departure]. The decision to focus on Lubuskie-themed works has been prompted by a shortage of scholarly studies of the literature of this region in comparison with literary studies on other regions of an area known as the Regained Territories. The interpretation of the images of the post-German city is based mainly on the palimpsest category.
Nhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ của người bệnh ung thư tại trung tâm ung bướu, Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên và một số yếu tố liên quan
Authors: Vũ Đình Sơn , Phạm Ngọc Ánh , Đặng Thị Vân Anh , Lê Thúy Phượng 
Published: May 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng và xác định một số yếu tố liên quan đến nhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ của người bệnhung thư tại Trung tâm Ung bướu, Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên năm 2021.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 190 người bệnh ung thư từ 18 tuổi trở lên và điều trị nội trú từ tháng 12/2020 đến tháng 6/2021.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ người bệnh có nhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ chiếm 66,3%. Trong đó, 3 nhóm nhu cầu có tỷ lệ cần hỗ trợ cao nhất là: nhu cầu hỗ trợ thông tin y tế, nhu cầu hỗ trợ tài chính và phúc lợi xã hội và nhu cầu hỗ trợ thể chất. Có mối liên quan giữanhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ với giai đoạn bệnh và nghề nghiệp của người bệnh ung thư. Nhóm người bệnh ở giai đoạn III và IV có nhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ cao hơn gấp 1,63 lần) so với nhóm người bệnh ở giai đoạn I, II (p < 0,05; 95%CI: 1,15 – 2,32). Người bệnh làm nghề nông có nhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ cao hơn gấp 3,17 lần so với người bệnh đã nghỉ hưu (p<0,05; 95%CI: 1,43 – 7,07).
Kết luận: Đa số người bệnh ung thư có nhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ. Nhu cầu chăm sóc giảm nhẹ của người bệnh ung thư có mối liên quan đến giai đoạn bệnh và nghề nghiệp của người bệnh.
Làm Thế Nào Giữ Được Tuổi Xuân Trong Trắng?
Authors: Võ Tá Đương 
Published: May 2022

Người ta vẫn thường nói rằng: thanh xuân, tuổi trẻ là khoảng thời gian đẹp đẽ và rực rỡ nhất trong cuộc đời của mỗi con người. Bởi vì, tuổi trẻ là những năm tháng mà con người ta căng tràn sức sống mãnh nhiệt và cháy bỏng với những khát khao, những hoài bão về một tương lai rạng ngời, những ước vọng dấn thân trên con đường công danh sự nghiệp của cả đời người. Bất cứ dân tộc nào, ở thời đại nào, vai trò của người trẻ cũng được đề cao và được mọi người quan tâm để ý, vì ở độ tuổi đó, họ có khả năng “dời non, lấp biển”, là trụ cột của đất nước và tương lai của Giáo Hội.
Abstract
There is a common belief that youth is the most beautiful and dazzling period in a person's life. Because youth is a time when individuals are filled with passionate and burning energy, dreams for a bright future, and a desire to dedicate themselves to the road of fame and success. Young people have the power to "remove the mountains and fill the sea" as the future of the nation and the Church, regardless of ethnicity or time period.
Lạy Chúa, Con Phải Làm Gì?
Authors: Võ Tá Đương 
Published: May 2022

Sinh ra và lớn lên trong cuộc đời này, ai cũng mong muốn cho mình có một cuộc sống an bình, vui tươi, hạnh phúc, và có ý nghĩa thật sự; ai cũng muốn một cuộc sống ngẩng cao đầu không hổ với người, không thẹn với lòng. Để đạt được mong muốn đó, con người ta phải nỗ lực cố gắng hết mình, ngang qua những chọn lựa trong cuộc sống; bởi lẽ, cuộc đời là những chọn lựa: chọn chỗ ở, chọn nghề nghiệp, chọn lý tưởng sống, chọn bạn bè, chọn bạn đời.
Abstract
Born and raised in this world, everyone desires a calm, joyous, happy, and purposeful existence; everyone wants to live with their heads held high, without being embarrassed of others or their emotions. To attain that goal, individuals must make the most of their choices in life, since life is about making decisions: selecting a location to live, a profession, an ideal life, friends, and a life partner.