bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the regional Arenig Series in Wales and correlation with the global Lower–Middle Ordovician series and stages
Authors: Amberg Chloé EA , Molyneux Stewart G , Zalasiewicz Jan A , Vandenbroucke Thijs RA 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Arenig Fawr area of North Wales constitutes the type area for the British Lower to Middle Ordovician Arenig Series and is complemented by sections in the Carmarthen and Whitland areas of South Wales. We describe chitinozoan assemblages from both areas in order to aid correlation of the Arenig Series in its type region with the global Ordovician series and stages. Chitinozoans recorded from Arenig Fawr provide permissive rather than conclusive evidence but suggest that the Henllan Ash Member correlates with the upper Floian Stage Slice Fl3 or lower Dapingian Stage Slice Dp1. Better results were obtained from South Wales where six chitinozoan assemblages are distinguished, ranging in age from late Tremadocian to middle Darriwilian (early Llanvirn). Most species are known from South China, Gondwana and/or Baltica where there are controls on ranges. They show that much of the lower Arenig (Moridunian) succession in South Wales correlates with the upper Floian Stage (Fl3). Correlatives of the lower and middle Floian Stage (Fl1, Fl2), if present, must be represented by the Ogof Hên Formation and lowest Carmarthen Formation. Chitinozoan assemblages from the upper Arenig Series (Fennian Stage) are more readily correlated with Gondwanan biozones and indicate correlation of the Fennian Stage with the Dapingian and lower Darriwilian (Dw1) stages. The middle Arenig Whitlandian Stage is constrained in South Wales to an interval from the uppermost Floian Stage to the basal Dapingian Stage, resulting in an inferred increased rate of sediment accumulation.
A scoping review of the distribution and frequency of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in shrimp and salmon
Authors: Young K. M. , Isada M. J. , Reist M. , Uhland F. C. , Sherk L. M. , Carson C. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria are a threat to public health as they can resist treatment and pass along genetic material that allows other bacteria to become drug-resistant. To assess foodborne AMR risk, the Codex Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne AMR provide a framework for risk profiles and risk assessments. Several elements of a risk profile may benefit from a scoping review (ScR). To contribute to a larger risk profile structured according to the Codex Guidelines, our objective was to conduct a ScR of the current state of knowledge on the distribution, frequency and concentrations of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in salmon and shrimp. Articles were identified via a comprehensive search of five bibliographic databases. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance and characterised full-text articles with screening forms developed a priori. Sixteen relevant studies were identified. This review found that there is a lack of Canadian data regarding ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in salmon and shrimp. However, ESBL- producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae have been isolated in multiple regions with a history of exporting seafood to Canada. The literature described herein will support future decision-making on this issue as research/surveillance and subsequent assessments are currently lacking.
Nudging, Bullshitting, and the Meta-Nudge
Authors: Gelfand Scott D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn “Nudging, Bullshitting, and the Meta-Nudge”, the author responds to William Simkulet’s claim that nudging is bullshitting (according to Harry Frankfurt’s analysis of bullshit and bullshitting), and therefore nudging during the process of informed consent renders consent invalid. The author argues that nudging is not necessarily bullshitting and then explains that although this issue is philosophically interesting, practically speaking, even if nudging is bullshitting, it does not follow that nudging necessarily renders informed consent invalid. This is obviously true in those situations in which nudging during the process of informed consent is unavoidable. The author concludes with a discussion of the meta-nudge and suggests that physicians can use the meta-nudge to eliminate or decrease the power of inappropriate, problematic, or undesirable nudges.
On trade-offs in bilingualism and moving beyond the Stacking the Deck fallacy
Authors: Leivada Evelina , Dentella Vittoria , Masullo Camilla , Rothman Jason 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite a meteoric rise, results in the cognitive science of bilingualism present with significant inconsistency. In parallel, there is a striking absence of an ecologically valid theory within bilingualism research. How should one interpret the totality of available data that can pull in opposing directions? To proceed, we need to identify which practices impede progression. Hitherto, we bring to the fore an undiscussed practice, contextualizing how it impacts the ability to embed the available results into an overarching theory. We suggest that a stacking the deck fallacy – the tendency to engage differently with available evidence, directing focus to specific sub-samples – hampers theory formation. We put forth a proposal for making progress, building on the premise that what is lacking in the field is a unifying perspective that reconciles seemingly contradictory results. We suggest that the necessary shift of perspective towards progress crucially entails linking the notions of spectrum and trade-off.
NATURAL KIND SEMANTICS FOR A CLASSICAL ESSENTIALIST THEORY OF KINDS
Authors: BELASTEGUI JAVIER 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a complete Natural Kind Semantics for an Essentialist Theory of Kinds. The theory is formulated in two-sorted first order monadic modal logic with identity. The natural kind semantics is based on Rudolf Willes Theory of Concept Lattices. The semantics is then used to explain several consequences of the theory, including results about the specificity (species–genus) relations between kinds, the definitions of kinds in terms of genera and specific differences and the existence of negative kinds. First, I show under which conditions the Hierarchy principle, which has been subjected to counterexamples in the literature, holds. I also show that a different principle about the species–genus relations between kinds, namely Kant’s Law, follows from the essentialist theory. Second, I introduce two new operations for kinds and show that they can be used to provide traditional definitions of kinds in terms of genera and specific differences. Finally, I show that these operations of specific difference induce, for each kind, a uniquely specified contrary kind and a uniquely specified subcontrary kind, which can be used as semantic values for non-classical predicate negations of kind terms.
A New Radiotracer for Particulate Carbon Dynamics: Examination of 210Bi‐210Pb in Seawater
Authors: Yang Weifeng , Tian Jie , Chen Min , Zheng Minfang , Chen Mengya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract210Bi (t1/2 = 5.01 d) is theoretically a radionuclide for tracing the particle cycle over a timescale of hours to days. However, it has been rarely investigated in marine environments due to its very short half‐life and low activity. Here, 210Bi and 210Pb were examined in the water column on the shelf/slope of the northern South China Sea (SCS), as well as their atmospheric deposition. In rainwater, the 210Bi/210Pb ratio averaged 0.54 ± 0.28, indicating the influence of atmospheric deposition on the disequilibrium between 210Bi and 210Pb in surface seawater. On the shelf, 210Bi/210Pb averaged 0.73 ± 0.10 in the euphotic zone and 1.25 ± 0.10 below, supporting a quick removal of 210Bi from the euphotic zone and regeneration in the twilight zone. On the slope, deficits in 210Bi (210Bi/210Pb of 0.81 ± 0.07) were also observed in the productive low euphotic zone. The concurrence of 210Bi deficits and higher particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations implied that POC largely dominates the deficit and excess of 210Bi. Based on a simple model, the removal fluxes of 210Bi at the euphotic base were 728 ± 73 dpm m−2 d−1 and 216 ± 89 dpm m−2 d−1 on the shelf and slope. The residence time of particulate 210Bi was 14 ± 2 d. The 210Bi‐derived export flux of POC was 1.7 ± 0.7 mmol‐C m−2 d−1 out of the euphotic zone over the slope. These results lay the foundation for 210Bi/210Pb to quantify the sinking and remineralization of particulate organic matter in coastal seas.
Toward Ocean Hindcasts in Earth System Models: AMOC Variability in a Partially Coupled Model at Eddying Resolution
Authors: Schulzki Tobias , Harlaß Jan , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Biastoch Arne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile forced ocean hindcast simulations are useful for a wide range of applications, a key limitation is their inability to simulate ocean‐atmosphere feedbacks. As a consequence, they need to rely on artificial choices such as sea surface salinity restoring and other corrections affecting the surface freshwater fluxes. Fully coupled models overcome these limitations, but lack the correct timing of variability due to weaker observational constraints. This leads to a mismatch between forced and coupled models on interannual to decadal timescales. A possibility to combine the advantages of both modeling strategies is to apply a partial coupling (PCPL), that is, replacing the surface winds stress in the ocean component by wind stress derived from reanalysis. To identify the capabilities, limitations and possible use cases of partial coupling, we perform a fully coupled, two partially coupled and an ocean‐only experiment using an all‐Atlantic nested ocean configuration at eddying resolution in a global climate model. We show that the correct timing of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) variability in PCPL experiments is robust on timescales below 5 years. Mid‐latitude wind stress curl changes contribute to decadal AMOC variability, but North Atlantic buoyancy fluxes are not significantly altered by incorporating reanalyzed wind stress anomalies, limiting the success of PCPL on this timescale. Long term trends of the AMOC in PCPL mode are consistent with fully coupled model experiments under historic atmospheric boundary conditions, suggesting that a partially coupled model is still able to simulate the important ocean‐atmosphere feedbacks necessary to maintain a stable AMOC.
Pill-Swallowing Training in Pediatric Psychology Practice: Applied Intervention to Promote Adherence to Oral Medication
Authors: Sexton Victoria , Czyzewski Danita , Cutitta Katherine , Self Mariella M. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Many pediatric treatment regimens require oral medications, rendering the ability to swallow pills is an essential skill for adherence and an important target for pediatric psychology intervention. This article sought to (a) review existing evidence for pill-swallowing interventions in pediatrics, (b) describe a pill-swallowing training intervention currently employed in a large, pediatric tertiary care hospital and utilized in diverse patients with a wide range of medical conditions, (c) report data from pill-swallowing intervention records from 2011 to 2020 to depict intervention outcomes in inpatient and outpatient settings, and (d) offer strategies for commonly encountered challenges. Methods: A topical review of the literature was conducted utilizing search terms “pill-swallowing training” and “pediatrics,” with filters applied for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2022. Articles were selected with relevance to pill-swallowing protocols. Description of a pill-swallowing protocol utilizing shaping and modeling techniques is then presented, followed by outcome data gleaned through retrospective chart review. Variables related to implementation of this protocol in a tertiary care hospital with various medical conditions were examined. Illustrative case examples of pill-swallowing training with diverse patients in real-world pediatric psychology practice are also provided. Results: The study found 88% ( n = 246) of patients were able to learn to swallow a placebo pill. Further, 73% ( n = 179) of patients were able to learn to swallow a clinically useful placebo size. Conclusions: Pill-swallowing training is effective in teaching the majority of pediatric patients to swallow capsules in a short period of time. Implications for Impact Statement The inability to easily swallow pills can add stress to the management of pediatric illness, and potentially impact adherence to the medical regimen and/or limit the use of certain medications. Simple behavioral strategies can efficiently teach most children how to swallow pills.
Electronic Monitoring of Adherence in Clinical Care: Ethical and Practical Considerations
Authors: Rich Kristin Loiselle , Pai Ahna L. H. , Varnell Charles D. , Hooper David K. , Eckhardt Chad , Modi Avani C. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Adherence to prescribed medical regimens is a key behavior for managing disease burden and progression. Despite the importance of understanding a child’s adherence, many evidence-based assessment strategies have not been implemented into subspecialty clinical practice. The aim of this article was to highlight the potential ethical and regulatory challenges of using electronic monitoring (EM) of adherence in clinical care and offer practical solutions. Methods: Relevant ethical and legal standards were researched and summarized as applicable to EM of adherence. Results: Issues related to Human Relations, Privacy and Confidentiality, Record Keeping, and Assessment all apply to EM of adherence. Conclusions: Clinicians should be mindful and seek to proactively address issues related to informed consent, autonomy, privacy, and equity before starting an EM program of adherence. Multidisciplinary teams should thoroughly consider the ethical and legal aspects of implementing this form of adherence assessment into clinical practice. Implications for Impact Statement This topical review is the first to describe the practical implications of utilizing electronic monitoring of adherence in a clinical care setting with a multidisciplinary medical team. This is an important reference for any pediatric psychologist or practitioner who wants to be fully informed about the potential ethical and legal ramifications of using this technology with youth.
An Overview and Application of Evidence-Based Interventions to Improve Adherence to Positive Airway Pressure for the Treatment of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Levert Dominique , Maniaci Jon , Tapia Ignacio E. , Xanthopoulos Melissa S. 
Published: December 2022

Objective: The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of evidence-based strategies designed to promote adherence to and self-management of positive airway pressure (PAP) for the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with an emphasis on those who are disproportionately impacted by OSAS. Methods: Utilized four recently published review articles and a book chapter, as well as a search of the literature since the most recent scoping review was published, to identify factors impacting pediatric adherence to PAP. Proposed conceptual models for self-management and adherence were also evaluated and strategies addressing factors within the context of these models were reviewed for application. Results: Evidence-based cognitive–behavioral strategies within a bio-socioecological framework and interdisciplinary team-based model are presented. A case study highlights the application of these interventions using an interdisciplinary coordinated care model, including clinical outcome data (e.g., objective adherence measures from the PAP device). Conclusions: Existing evidence supports a family-centered interdisciplinary approach to initiating PAP and supporting long-term PAP adherence for the treatment of pediatric OSAS. A bio-socioecological framework provides structure for assessment and flexibility in which interventions, such as education, cognitive–behavioral strategies, and social support, can be tailored to the unique needs of each child and family. Implications for Impact Statement Starting and regularly using positive airway pressure (PAP) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children is challenging due to an interplay of medical, developmental, behavioral, social, interpersonal, and technical factors. Assessment of these factors and identification of specific challenges for an individual child and their family can provide a framework in which evidence-based strategies can be applied to improve the initiation and long-term use of PAP. Education, cognitive–behavioral strategies, and social support provided by an interdisciplinary team can be tailored to the unique needs of each child and family to facilitate acceptance and long-term use of this efficacious treatment.
The prevalence of hypertension in paediatric Turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCarrison Sarah , Carr Aoife , Wong Sze Choong , Mason Avril 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCardiovascular related deaths account for over 40% of the excess mortality in Turner syndrome (TS). Hypertension, a modifiable risk factor for both aortic dilatation and dissection, is more commonly encountered in TS during childhood and adolescence. Treatment of hypertension is currently recommended beyond the age of 16 years in TS to help reduce the risk of aortic dissection. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension in paediatric patients with TS and explore the associated methodologies of blood pressure evaluation reported in these studies. Three online databases were searched (Medline, Embase and Web of Science) for literature which reported a prevalence, or allowed calculation of prevalence, of hypertension in patients with TS who were 18 years of age or younger. Seventeen studies which met the primary eligibility criteria, with a total of 1948 patients, were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents with TS was 16% (95% CI: 8.9–24.6%). There was significant heterogeneity detected between the studies. The prevalence of hypertension in those studies which assessed 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) was 21.1% (95% CI: 15.2–27.6%) compared those which used another method of blood pressure measurement which was 13.5% (95% CI: 5.2–24.4%). Given the impact of hypertension with long-term health outcomes and the reversibility of these same outcomes by addressing abnormal blood pressure, prompt and early diagnosis of hypertension in young girls with TS should be prioritised. We recommend the use of 24-h ABPM in screening for hypertension in the paediatric TS population.
Continuous Indexing of Fibrosis (CIF): improving the assessment and classification of MPN patients
Authors: Ryou Hosuk , Sirinukunwattana Korsuk , Aberdeen Alan , Grindstaff Gillian , Stolz Bernadette J. , Byrne Helen , Harrington Heather A. , Sousos Nikolaos , Godfrey Anna L. , Harrison Claire N. , Psaila Bethan , Mead Adam J. , Rees Gabrielle , Turner Gareth D. H. , Rittscher Jens , Royston Daniel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe grading of fibrosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) is an important component of disease classification, prognostication and monitoring. However, current fibrosis grading systems are only semi-quantitative and fail to fully capture sample heterogeneity. To improve the quantitation of reticulin fibrosis, we developed a machine learning approach using bone marrow trephine (BMT) samples (n = 107) from patients diagnosed with MPN or a reactive marrow. The resulting Continuous Indexing of Fibrosis (CIF) enhances the detection and monitoring of fibrosis within BMTs, and aids MPN subtyping. When combined with megakaryocyte feature analysis, CIF discriminates between the frequently challenging differential diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and pre-fibrotic myelofibrosis with high predictive accuracy [area under the curve = 0.94]. CIF also shows promise in the identification of MPN patients at risk of disease progression; analysis of samples from 35 patients diagnosed with ET and enrolled in the Primary Thrombocythemia-1 trial identified features predictive of post-ET myelofibrosis (area under the curve = 0.77). In addition to these clinical applications, automated analysis of fibrosis has clear potential to further refine disease classification boundaries and inform future studies of the micro-environmental factors driving disease initiation and progression in MPN and other stem cell disorders.
Novel BCL11B truncation variant in a patient with developmental delay, distinctive features, and early craniosynostosis
Authors: Eto Kaoru , Machida Osamu , Yanagishita Tomoe , Shimojima Yamamoto Keiko , Chiba Kentaro , Aihara Yasuo , Hasegawa Yuuki , Nagata Miho , Ishihara Yasuki , Miyashita Yohei , Asano Yoshihiro , Nagata Satoru , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntellectual developmental disorder with dysmorphic facies, speech delay, and T-cell abnormalities (MIM # 618092) is a congenital disorder derived from pathogenic variants of the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 11B gene (BCL11B). Several variants have been reported to date. Here, through comprehensive genomic analysis, a novelBCL11Btruncation variant, NM_138576.4(BCL11B_v001): c.2439_2452dup [p.(His818Argfs*31)], was identified in a Japanese male patient with developmental delay, distinctive features, and early craniosynostosis.
The NOMAD Artificial-Intelligence Toolkit: turning materials-science data into knowledge and understanding
Authors: Sbailò Luigi , Fekete Ádám , Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Scheffler Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present the Novel-Materials-Discovery (NOMAD) Artificial-Intelligence (AI) Toolkit, a web-browser-based infrastructure for the interactive AI-based analysis of materials-science findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data. The AI Toolkit readily operates on the FAIR data stored in the central server of the NOMAD Archive, the largest database of materials-science data worldwide, as well as locally stored, users’ owned data. The NOMAD Oasis, a local, stand-alone server can be also used to run the AI Toolkit. By using Jupyter notebooks that run in a web-browser, the NOMAD data can be queried and accessed; data mining, machine learning, and other AI techniques can be then applied to analyze them. This infrastructure brings the concept of reproducibility in materials science to the next level, by allowing researchers to share not only the data contributing to their scientific publications, but also all the developed methods and analytics tools. Besides reproducing published results, users of the NOMAD AI toolkit can modify the Jupyter notebooks toward their own research work.