bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic profiling: Informe sobre conductas tipificadas que afectan a la calidad de vida en España
Authors: Gascón-Cuenca (tutor) Andrés , Morano García David , Okechi Alawai Whitney Maribel , Casero Julio , Townend Kimberly Jade , Torreño Lerma Carlos , Cardicio Luisa , Mosquera Gironza Mayra A, , Savona Navarro Wanda , Marín Soler Amparo J. , Pelechà Aigües Néstor , Juan Amat Isabel , Crespo Andrea , Puertos García Begoña , García Añón José 
Published: February 2025

Introducción. Sobre el problema hermenéutico.
Si bien nos encontramos ante un problema hermenéutico sobre el contenido semántico de los conceptos “desobediencia” y “autoridad”, con su consecuente problema normativo, intentaremos a lo largo del capítulo esquematizar la regulación normativa a nivel nacional y municipal (en el caso de Valencia, Madrid y Barcelona). Para ello, revisaremos la articulación que se hace en los reglamentos y códigos, así como la doctrina jurisprudencial que se aplica en cuestiones relacionadas con la desobediencia a la autoridad.
Empezaremos por exponer aquellos artículos de la Constitución Española (CE) relativos a la materia que nos ocupa. Así, según el art. 9.1 CE cualquier poder público está sujeto a la Constitución, quedando por tanto regido y autorizado por ella. La función de estos poderes es la salvaguarda de los derechos civiles y políticos de los ciudadanos. De esta forma, el artículo 9.2 CE establece que “corresponde a los poderes públicos promover las condiciones para que la libertad y la igualdad del individuo y de los grupos en que se integra sean reales y efectivas; remover los obstáculos que impidan o dificulten su plenitud y facilitar la participación de todos los ciudadanos en la vida política, económica, cultural y social”. Por su parte, el artículo 9.3 CE garantiza el principio de legalidad, la jerarquía normativa y la irretroactividad de las disposiciones sancionadoras que no sean favorables de los derechos individuales y la seguridad jurídica.
Por otro lado, el artículo 103 CE expresa la intencionalidad de la Administración pública, así como su adecuación de la ley al Derecho. Aquélla se servirá de la objetividad de los intereses generales y de los principios de descentralización y coordinación, y prevé la regulación del estatuto de los funcionarios públicos y el acceso a la función pública “de acuerdo con los principios de méritos y capacidad”. En el artículo 104 CE se manifiesta el objetivo perseguido con la creación de las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de seguridad del estado, así como la adecuación de sus protocolos ? de acción con los estatutos reguladores. Las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad del Estado tendrán “como misión proteger el libre ejercicio de los derechos y libertades y garantizar la seguridad ciudadana”.
Informe sobre el modelo de Barnahus para Save the Children
Authors: García Sáez (tutor) Jose Antonio , Juan Sánchez  (tutor) Ricardo , Ramírez González (tutora) Alejandra , Da Re Giulia , Cubas Gómez Celia , García Monzó Marta , González Iniesta Román , Granell Navarro Ángeles , Torrecillas Martínez Ana , Ferrández Sansano Laura , Tejada Berrocal Agnes Madeliz , Pedrozo Arbeláez Natalia Carolina , Verdú Gómez Jose Antonio , Torres Míguez Ángela Yanira 
Published: February 2025

El presente informe surge de un encargo realizado por Save the Children en el mes de octubre de 2019 a la Clínica Per la Justicía Social de la Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de València.
Los objetivos que se establecieron en dicho encargo fueron los siguientes:
1.Realizar un estudio sobre las competencias estatales y autonómicas en materia de actuación ante casos de abuso sexual infantil (ASI) con el fin de determinar su grado de compatibilidad con la implementación del Modelo Barnahus en la Comunitat Valenciana.
2.Realizar un estudio estadístico de los casos de ASI judicializados en la Comunidad Valenciana entre 2016 y 2019.
De manera que el desarrollo de este Informe se divide en dos partes que coinciden con cada uno de los Objetivos.
Electromyographic activity in cervices with very low Bishop score during labor
Authors: Pajntar M. , Verdenik I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the activity of the smooth muscles in the cervix at the onset of induced labor and to further elucidate this activity in relation to uterine contractions and to the duration of the latent phase of labor, taking cervical ripeness into account. Methods: Cervical electromyographic (EMG) activity was studied at the onset of labor induced with amniotomy and oxytocin. Bipolar measurement of cervical electrical activity was performed. The root mean square of the cervical EMG activity and the intensity of intrauterine pressure in two groups of parturients with different cervical ripeness were compared. Results: The EMG activity was higher in the group with lower Bishop scores. We found a significant positive correlation between EMG activity and duration of the latent phase of labor. Conclusion: Smooth muscles in the human cervix are active during labor and act to some extent independently of the uterine corpus.
The WASH study (Warfarin/Aspirin Study in Heart failure) rationale, design and end‐points
Authors:   The WASH study Steering Committee and Investigators
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Athero‐thrombotic events are common among patients with heart failure but there is no evidence that anti‐thrombotic therapy is safe or effective in this clinical setting.Aims and Methods:The WASH study is a prospective, randomised, open‐label, blinded‐end‐point pilot study comparing the outcome of management without anti‐thrombotic therapy compared to treatment with aspirin or warfarin in three parallel arms in patients with chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The primary aim of the study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a large study in which one‐third of patients would be randomised to no anti‐thrombotic therapy. The principal secondary aim of the study is to compare the effects of treatment on the combined end‐point of death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and non‐fatal stroke.Results:279 patients have been randomised and by study close there were 626 patient‐years of follow‐up. The majority of patients randomised had heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease. We expect to commence data analysis in early 1999 and report later in that year.Conclusions:This pilot study demonstrated that it is technically feasible to conduct a study that included a no anti‐thrombotic treatment arm but that recruitment to such a study would be slow and costly. A large trial comparing the effects of aspirin, warfarin and clopidogrel in three separate groups without a placebo arm is now intended.
Improvement of Heterologous Protein Productivity by Controlling Postinduction Specific Growth Rate in Recombinant Escherichia coli under Control of the PL Promoter
Authors: Lim Hyung‐Kwon , Jung Kyung‐Hwan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo develop the optimal operational strategy for the PL promoter of interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing Escherichia coli, some rational medium feeding methods, carried out just after temperature induction to control the postinduction specific growth rate (μi), were designed. Using experimental data from various batch cultures, we correlated μi with specific IFN‐γ production rate (qpi) to find out how μi just after induction affected qpi. It was revealed that sustaining μi above a certain value after induction was the key factor for high‐level production of IFN‐γ. Stepwise and constant‐rate medium feeding, in which the temperature induction was done simultaneously, at the late‐exponential growth phase of batch culture resulted in a dramatic extension of the production period as a result of sustaining μi after temperature induction. These methods led to the overcoming of harsh conditions after temperature induction and the improvement of IFN‐γ productivity. Finally, by both a high‐cell‐density culture using an exponential fed‐batch culture for cell growth and constant‐rate medium feeding after temperature induction for IFN‐γ production, we accomplished an increase in IFN‐γ production by 23‐fold, 7.43 g/L, as compared with that of batch culture.
Apparent cure of Graves‐Basedow disease after sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Díez Santiago , Banias Helena , Díez‐Martin José L. , Briz Montserrat , Estrado Janvier , Barceló Balbino 
Published: July 2002

Evidence that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can cure or alter the course of intractable autoimmune diseases comes from both extensive experimental work in animal models and anecdotal case reports in humans.We describe a female patient diagnosed as having severe aplastic anaemia (SAA), hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy of Graves‐Basedow disease who received a BMT from her histocompatible sister.Fifty‐three months after BMT, complete remission of hyperthyroidism and ocular signs persists. The SAA is cured and she is free of any chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD).In the early post‐BMT period, PCR analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood cells confirmed a complete chimerism of donor origin. Thus, it is plausible to attribute the resolution of the patient's thyroid hyperfunction and opththalmopathy to the replacement of the host immune system.
Biogeographical patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Southeastern Pacific littoral
Authors: Lancellotti D. A. , Vásquez J. A. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aim To use new collections and taxonomic reviews of the Chilean coastal biota, and studies on biodiversity on a reappraisal of Southeastern Pacific littoral biogeography. Location The temperate coastline of the Southeastern Pacific, extending over 6000 km from northern Peru to the southern tip of Chile. Methods Records of coastal macroinvertebrates were assigned to ten geographic zones along the Chilean coast. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient, ρ, was used to establish the relationship between the total number of species and the number of single records for each zone. Regions and underlying faunal gradient were verified via an unweighted paired group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA), and ordination non‐metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis based on a disagreement distance matrix of presence/absence data. Abundance down‐weighting was preferred to rare species down‐weighting, owing to the nature of the records, where a larger number of references for a given taxon did not necessarily indicate a greater abundance or commonness. The dissimilarity matrices between the different zones were used to establish the degree of agreement between the different levels of analysis, using a weighted Spearman rank correlation coefficient ρw. Statistical significance was established using a randomization (permutation) test. Main conclusions Analysis of new macroinvertebrate data and taxonomic reviews of the Chilean coastal fauna indicates a Transitional‐Temperate Region for the Southeastern Pacific littoral, located between 35°S and 48°S where a gradual mixing and replacement of species negates previous hypotheses on the existence of a marked distributional break at 42°S.
An exploratory study into Dutch consumers’ experiences with implementing dietary recommendations to reduce fat intake
Authors: van Assema P. , Kempers B. , Brug J. , Glanz K. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Background: Nutrition education messages for the Dutch public include many different dietary recommendations for reducing fat intake, e.g. use low‐fat milk, reduce meat intake, etc. The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess which types of dietary recommendations are difficult to implement for consumers and which are easier. Methods: Twenty‐five recommendations that are often used in educational messages were selected and classified by type of recommendation. Two classifications were used for each recommendation: the product group the recommendation relates to, and the recommended type of behavioural change. Sixty‐six adults of all ages were recruited to implement as many of the recommendations as possible over a period of four weeks. Beforehand, participants completed a food frequency list to assess which recommendations they had already implemented. After the 4 weeks, they completed a written questionnaire measuring intention, implementation and perceived difficulties for each of the remaining recommendations. Results: Based on the classification according to product group, recommendations concerning spreads and butter, sauces and gravy were rated as least difficult to implement, while recommendations on snacks were most difficult to implement. As far as the type of behavioural change recommendations, preparing a product differently was easiest to implement, while recommendations to eat less of a high‐fat product were considered as most difficult to implement. Conclusions: The results show that there are differences in difficulties consumers experience in implementing different types of recommendations for reducing fat intake. Further research should extend this line of inquiry to help design optimally effective nutrition interventions.
Factors associated with use of glaucoma medications in a population of older people: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
Authors: Hourihan Fleur , Mitchell Paul 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: To examine factors associated with use of glaucoma medications in a population of older people. Methods: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 people aged 49–97 years. Participants completed an interviewer‐administered questionnaire which included information on current medication use. Open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) was diagnosed if matching glaucomatous visual field defects and optic disc cupping were present. Ocular hypertension (OH) was diagnosed in subjects without glaucomatous disc and field changes who had an intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≥ 22 mmHg in either eye or who had lower IOP levels but reported treatment with glaucoma medication. Results: Use of glaucoma medication was reported by 3.3% of persons in this population (119/3644), including 44% of OAG and 28% of OH cases. Among newly diagnosed OAG and OH cases, 30% had never visited an ophthalmologist. Factors associated with a previous diagnosis of OAG or OH in a multivariate model included use of one or more general medications (OR 7.5; 95% CI 2.5–22.9), a history of other eye disease (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.9–6.2) and first‐degree family history of glaucoma (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.8–7.2). Conclusions: Glaucoma screening may need to target individuals with OAG risk factors who are less likely to visit a general practitioner or ophthalmologist. Key words: glaucoma, glaucoma medication, Australia, older population.
Comparison of colour Doppler imaging of orbital vessels in elderly compared with young adult patients
Authors: Gillies W E , Brooks A M V , Scott M , Ryan L 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: Colour Doppler imaging provides an estimate of the velocity of blood flow in vessels supplying the eye. Methods: To assess changes in orbital blood flow with age, we used a method to study peak systolic velocity in 20 young normal patients, mean age 25.2 ± 2.4 years and 30 elderly normal patients, mean age 69.5 ± 7.9 years. Results: Peak systolic velocity was significantly higher in the central retinal artery and the temporal division of the posterior ciliary artery in elderly patients. There was greater variation in the peak systolic velocity readings in the distal part of the ophthalmic artery in the elderly than in the younger group. There was greater variation in the pulsatility index in the central retinal artery in young subjects. Conclusions: Though not large, these differences suggest changes in the orbital blood vessels with age which could affect the development of disease processes in elderly patients. These changes should be taken into account when assessing blood flow in elderly patients.
Australian Experience with the Freehand System®for Restoring Graspin Quadriplegia
Authors: Carroll Sara , Coope Catherine , Brown Douglas , Sormann Gerard , Flood Stephen , Denison Michael 
Published: July 2002

Background: The purpose of the present study was to document the value of
an implanted multichannel neuroprosthesis (Freehand Systemê) for
restoring hand grasp in the first Australians to receive this device.Methods: Hand function in C5 quadriplegic patients was assessed via measurement
of pinch forces, a grasp release test and tests of activities of daily living (ADL).
Comparisons were made between presurgery scores and scores recorded after rehabilitation
when the neuroprosthesis was and was not in use.Results: A significant difference for both lateral pinch (P = 0.003)
and palmar grasp (P = 0.003) was found between forces recorded with and without
the use of the neuroprosthesis after rehabilitation, but not between forces recorded
presurgery and during rehabilitation without the neuroprosthesis. All subjects were
able to grasp, move and release more objects within the 30‐s test period with the
neuroprosthesis than without it. Collective results for the eight ADL tests for all
six subjects show that, in 35 of the 48 (73%) occasions, less physical assistance
and/or adaptive equipment was required when the Freehand systemê
was employed compared to when it was not used. In 41 of the 48 (85%) occasions,
the six subjects expressed a preference for using the neuroprosthesis to perform
these activities of daily living. Twelve months after rehabilitation, five of the
six subjects still used the neuroprosthesis daily or every second day.Conclusion: The Freehand neuroprosthesis has provided useful hand function
with few surgical and technical difficulties in these patients. Regular ongoing use
of the device indicates user satisfaction.
The Trp64Arg mutation of the adrenergic β‐3 receptor gene impairs insulin secretion: a twin study
Authors: Christiansen C. , Poulsen P. , Beck‐Nielsen H. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aims The physiological role of the adrenergic β‐3 receptor is poorly understood in man but the Trp64Arg mutation of the receptor gene has been related to the insulin resistance syndrome, an earlier onset of diabetes and rapid weight gain. This study set out to examine the effects of the mutation on glycaemic responses after an oral glucose tolerance test. Methods A standard oral glucose tolerance test (75 g glucose) was performed in 196 dizygotic twins. Serum insulin and glucose responses were measured at 0, 30 and 120 min. Results In the twins discordant for the mutation (21 pairs), no effects of the mutation were found on the plasma glucose responses. The insulin response given as incremental area under curve (iAUC) (median 13.8 (25–75th percentile 9.3–21.0) vs. 23.3 (14.2–29.2) mmol.l–1.min, P < 0.021) and the insulinogenic index ((insulin30 min– insulin0 min)/(glucose30 min– glucose0 min)), a measure of the insulin secretory capacity (44 (34–58) vs. 75 (42–124), P < 0.006), were considerably lower in the variant type. The results were confirmed when using non‐paired statistics on all subjects. Conclusion It was concluded that the adrenergic β‐3 receptor, in addition to its already known effects, may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and that patients with the Trp64Arg mutation present an impaired insulin secretion.
Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects
Authors: Ørskov L. , Nyholm B. , Hove K. Yde , Gravholt C. H. , Møller N. , Schmitz O. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aims Hepatic glycogen stores have been shown to be depleted, and glucagon stimulated hepatic glucose production reduced, in Type 1 diabetic subjects. Co‐administration of amylin and insulin has been shown to replete hepatic glycogen stores in diabetic animal models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of amylin replacement on hepatic glucagon responsiveness in humans. Methods Thirteen Type 1 diabetic men were studied in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study after 4 weeks of subcutaneous pramlintide (30 μg q.i.d.) or placebo administration. Following an overnight fast, plasma glucose was kept above 5 mmol/l (baseline 210–240 min) with an insulin infusion rate of 0.25 mU.kg–1.min–1. To control portal glucagon levels, somatostatin was infused at a rate of 200 μg/h. Basal growth hormone (2 ng.kg–1.min–1) and glucagon (0.7 ng.kg–1.min–1) were replaced. Glucagon infusion was increased to 2.1 ng.kg–1.min–1 at 240–360 min (step 1) and to 4.2 ng.kg–1.min–1 at 360–420 min (step 2). Results Baseline plasma glucose (5.59 ± 0.16 vs. 5.67 ± 0.25 mmo/l) and endogenous glucose production (EGP) (1.32 ± 0.22 vs. 1.20 ± 0.13 mg.kg–1. min–1) were similar and the response to glucagon was unaffected by pramlintide (glucose: step 1; 6.01 ± 0.31 vs. 5.94 ± 0.38 mmo/l, step 2; 6.00 ± 0.37 vs. 5.96 ± 0.50 mmol/l, EGP: step 1; 1.91 ± 0.18 vs. 1.83 ± 0.15 mg.kg–1.min–1, step 2; 2.08 ± 0.17 vs. 1.96 ± 0.16 ng.kg–1.min–1, pramlintide vs. placebo). Glucose disposal rates were similar at baseline (2.44 ± 0.13 vs. 2.28 ± 0.09 mg.kg–1.min–1, pramlintide vs. placebo) as well as during the glucagon challenge (P‐values all > 0.2). Conclusions Co‐administration of pramlintide and insulin to Type 1 diabetic subjects for 4 weeks does not change the plasma glucose or endogenous glucose production response to a glucagon challenge, following an overnight fast. In addition, pramlintide administration does not appear to alter insulin‐mediated glucose disposal.
The lipoprotein profile differs during insulin treatment alone and combination therapy with insulin and sulphonylureas in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lindström T. , Nyström F. H. , Olsson A. G. , Ottosson A. ‐M. , Arnqvist H. J. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aims To study whether changes in endogenous insulin secretion at the same glycaemic control affect the plasma concentrations of lipoproteins in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Fifteen patients, age 59 ± 2 years (mean ±sem), body weight 86.3 ± 3.0 kg, body mass index 29.6 ± 0.9 kg/m2 were treated with sulphonylurea and insulin in combination or with insulin alone in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study. All patients were treated with a multiple daily injection regimen with the addition of glibenclamide 10.5 mg daily or placebo tablets. Results During combination therapy, the dose of insulin was 25% less (P < 0.002) and there was a 29% increase in plasma C‐peptide concentration (P = 0.01). Plasma levels of free insulin were not changed. Plasma levels of sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein (IGFBP)‐1 were lowered. There were no differences in the 24‐h blood glucose profiles or HbA1c (6.0 ± 0.2 vs. 6.3 ± 0.2%; P = 0.16). Body weight was similar. There was a significant decrease in plasma LDL cholesterol (3.04 ± 0.24 vs. 3.41 ± 0.21 mmol/l; P = 0.04), apolipoprotein A1 and of lipoprotein(a) but an increase in VLDL‐triglycerides (1.36 ± 0.31 vs. 0.96 ± 0.16 mmol/l; P = 0.02) during combination therapy. The ratio between LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations was significantly lower during combination therapy (P < 0.01). Conclusions Combination therapy with insulin and sulphonylureas increases portal insulin supply and thereby alters liver lipoprotein metabolism when compared with insulin therapy alone.