bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with chronic intestinal failure—how are SARC‐F and the EWGSOP algorithm associated before and after a physical exercise intervention
Authors: Graungaard Signe , Geisler Lea , Andersen Jens R. , Rasmussen Henrik H. , Vinter‐Jensen Lars , Køhler Marianne , Holst Mette 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPatients with chronic intestinal failure (IF) have a low degree of physical activity, decreased muscle mass, and decreased muscle strength, leading to a high risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to test the prevalence of sarcopenia by the use of SARC‐F and EWGSOP and to investigate the association between the two at baseline and after 12 weeks of an exercise intervention.MethodsThirty‐one patients with chronic IF completed 12 weeks of three weekly home‐based individualized exercise sessions. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance analysis and physical function by handgrip strength (HGS) and timed up‐and‐go (TUG). Sarcopenia was assessed by SARC‐F and EWGSOP. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for the association between the two tools.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia measured by EWGSOP was 59%. This prevalence did not change after the intervention. At baseline, 38.8% of patients were screened as at risk for sarcopenia by SARC‐F. This decreased to 29.0% after the intervention (P < 0.001). A statistically significant increase was achieved in muscle mass (P = 0.017) and muscle mass index (P = 0.016). Furthermore, both TUG (P = 0.033) and HGS (P = 0.019) improved.ConclusionsSarcopenia is prevalent in patients with chronic IF. EWGSOP finds more patients to be at risk of sarcopenia than SARC‐F but was not sufficiently sensitive to measure changes induced by the physical intervention. The significant change in SARC‐F may illustrate that patients, themselves, find an improvement in self‐perceived health.
Temporal and spatial variability of suspended sediment rating curves for rivers draining into the Ethiopian Rift Valley
Authors: Tilahun Alemayehu Kasaye , Verstraeten Gert , Chen Margaret , Gulie Guchie , Belayneh Liuelsegad , Endale Tizita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuantification of suspended sediment dynamics is a proxy for the intensity of soil erosion processes in a catchment. However, direct measurement of suspended sediments is difficult. Long‐term‐based discharge‐suspended sediment relationships often fail to provide sufficiently accurate results due to the temporal variations in sediment supply. This study evaluates temporal variations in suspended sediment‐discharge relations for six stations in two selected catchments within the Gamo Highlands in the southern Ethiopian Rift Valley. During a three‐year period (2018–2020), discharge was monitored at a 10‐min interval using a TD‐diver, while 1938 samples of suspended sediment concentration were taken at specific events. Observed suspended sediment concentration varied between 0.04 and 130 kg m−3 for discharge ranging between quasi‐zeros to 339 m3 s−1. The results show that pooled annual datasets lead to unsatisfying sediment rating curves and large errors in estimated sediment load. However, stratification of the data into three rainy season periods strongly improved the performance of the sediment rating curves. The development of a vegetative cover throughout the rainy season largely controls sediment supply from hillslopes to the river channel and hence the shape of the sediment rating curves. Furthermore, localized bank erosion and gully head dynamics also lead to important interannual changes in sediment rating curves within one river system, as well as between different rivers. Thus, attention should be given to possible errors due to high temporal and spatial variability while using discharge‐suspended sediment relations to quantify sediment load.
Assistive Devices for Personal Mobility in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: García‐Bustillo Álvaro , Valiñas‐Sieiro Florita , Allende‐Río Marta , González‐Santos Josefa , Cubo Esther ,   and the Multidisciplinary Telemedicine Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundGait abnormalities are a hallmark of Parkinson's disease and contribute to falling risk. As disease symptoms progress, assistive devices are often prescribed. However, there are no guidelines for choosing appropriate ambulatory devices for gait impairment.ObjectiveTo review the scientific evidence on assistive devices for gait impairment in Parkinson's disease.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review for articles relating to parkinsonian gait impairment and assistive devices. We assessed the studies’ methodological quality and risk of bias using the PEDro scale.ResultsSeventeen articles were reviewed. Four articles (23.53%) showed that canes and standard and two‐wheeled walkers without visual cues decreased gait speed and stride length, with no significant effects on freezing of gait or falls. Instead, improvements were observed with the use of visual [seven articles (41.18%)] and auditory cues [three articles (17.65%)], including decreased number of freezing episodes and increased stride length.ConclusionsAlthough assistive devices seem to improve confidence, there is still limited information about the efficacy of assistive devices on gait parameters and functional disability in Parkinson's disease. Further, longitudinal, multicenter, randomized, blinded, and controlled studies using assistive devices in a free‐living context are required to provide the best scientific evidence
Corticospinal Suppression Underlying Intact Movement Preparation Fades in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Wilhelm Emmanuelle , Quoilin Caroline , Derosiere Gerard , Paço Susana , Jeanjean Anne , Duque Julie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Parkinson's disease (PD), neurophysiological abnormalities within the primary motor cortex (M1) have been shown to contribute to bradykinesia, but exact modalities are still uncertain. We propose that such motor slowness could involve alterations in mechanisms underlying movement preparation, especially the suppression of corticospinal excitability—called “preparatory suppression”—which is considered to propel movement execution by increasing motor neural gain in healthy individuals.MethodsOn two consecutive days, 29 PD patients (on and off medication) and 29 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation over M1, eliciting motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) in targeted hand muscles, while they were either at rest or preparing a left‐ or right‐hand response in an instructed‐delay choice reaction time task. Preparatory suppression was assessed by expressing MEP amplitudes during movement preparation relative to rest.ResultsContrary to HCs, PD patients showed a lack of preparatory suppression when the side of the responding hand was analyzed, especially when the latter was the most affected one. This deficit, which did not depend on dopamine medication, increased with disease duration and also tended to correlate with motor impairment, as measured by the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Part III (both total and bradykinesia scores).ConclusionsOur novel findings indicate that preparatory suppression fades in PD, in parallel with worsening motor symptoms, including bradykinesia. Such results suggest that an alteration in this marker of intact movement preparation could indeed cause motor slowness and support its use in future studies on the relation between M1 alterations and motor impairment in PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Ensemble of convolutional neural networks and multilayer perceptron for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Minglei , Jiang Yuchen , Li Xiang , Yin Shen , Luo Hao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundStructural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) can provide morphological information about the structure and function of the brain in the same scanning process. It has been widely used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).PurposeTo capture the anatomical changes in the brain caused by AD/MCI, deep learning‐based MRI image analysis methods have been proposed in recent years. However, it is observed that the performance of most existing methods is limited as they only construct a single type of deep network and ignore the significance of other clinical information.MethodsTo make up for these defects, an ensemble framework that incorporates three types of dedicatedly‐designed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network is proposed, where three CNNs with entropy‐based multi‐instance learning pooling layers have more reliable feature selection abilities. The dedicatedly‐designed base classifiers can make use of the heterogeneous data, and empower the framework with enhanced diversity and robustness. In particular, to consider the interactions among the base classifiers, a novel multi‐head self‐attention voting scheme is designed. Moreover, considering the chance that MCI can be transformed to AD, the proposed framework is designed to diagnose AD and predict MCI conversion simultaneously, with the aid of the transfer learning technique.ResultsFor performance evaluation and comparison, extensive experiments are conducted on the public dataset of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The results show that the proposed ensemble framework provides superior performance under most of the evaluation metrics. Especially, the proposed framework achieves state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic accuracy (98.61% for the AD diagnosis task, and 84.49% for the MCI conversion prediction task).ConclusionsThese promising results demonstrate the proposed ensemble framework can accurately diagnose AD patients and predict the conversion of MCI patients, which has the potential of clinical practice for diagnosing AD and MCI.
Efficient estimation of propagator anisotropy and non‐Gaussianity in multishell diffusion MRI with micro‐structure adaptive convolution kernels and dual Fourier integral transforms
Authors: París Guillem , Pieciak Tomasz , Aja‐Fernández Santiago , Tristán‐Vega Antonio 
Published: September 2022

PurposeWe seek to reformulate the so‐called Propagator Anisotropy (PA) and Non‐Gaussianity (NG), originally conceived for the Mean Apparent Propagator diffusion MRI (MAP‐MRI), to the Micro‐Structure adaptive convolution kernels and dual Fourier Integral Transforms (MiSFIT). These measures describe relevant normalized features of the Ensemble Average Propagator (EAP).Theory and MethodsFirst, the indices, which are defined as the EAP's dissimilarity from an isotropic (PA) or a Gaussian (NG) one, are analytically reformulated within the MiSFIT framework. Then a comparison between the resulting maps is drawn by means of a visual analysis, a quantitative assessment via numerical simulations, a test‐retest study across the MICRA dataset (6 subjects scanned five times) and, finally, a computational time evaluation.ResultsFindings illustrate the visual similarity between the indices computed with either technique. Evaluation against synthetic ground truth data, however, demonstrates MiSFIT's improved accuracy. In addition, the test–retest study reveals MiSFIT's higher degree of reliability in most of white matter regions. Finally, the computational time evaluation shows MiSFIT's time reduction up to two orders of magnitude.ConclusionsDespite being a direct development on the MAP‐MRI representation, the PA and the NG can be reliably and efficiently computed within MiSFIT's framework. This, together with the previous findings in the original MiSFIT's article, could mean the difference that definitely qualifies diffusion MRI to be incorporated into regular clinical settings.
Early initiation of riluzole may improve absolute survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Thakore Nimish J. , Lapin Brittany R. , Mitsumoto Hiroshi , Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium  
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsRiluzole improves survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but optimal time and duration of treatment are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine if timing of riluzole initiation and duration of treatment modified its effect on survival.MethodsPatients from the PRO‐ACT dataset with information on ALS Functional Rating Scale, time from onset to enrollment (TFOE), and riluzole use were selected for analysis. Survival from enrollment was the outcome. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were examined for interactions between riluzole and TFOE. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to assess average treatment effect.ResultsOf 4778 patients, 3446 (72.1%) had received riluzole. In unadjusted analyses, riluzole improved median survival significantly (22.6 vs. 20.2 months, log‐rank p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, no significant interaction between TFOE and riluzole was found. Riluzole effect was uniform during follow‐up. By IPTW, estimated riluzole hazard ratio was 0.798 (95% confidence interval 0.686–0.927). Delaying riluzole initiation by 1 y (6 to 18 months from onset) may translate to reducing median survival from onset by 1.9 months (40.1 to 38.2 months).DiscussionRiluzole appears to reduce risk of death uniformly, regardless of time from onset to treatment, and duration of treatment. Earlier treatment with riluzole may be associated with greater absolute survival gain from onset. Early diagnosis of ALS will facilitate early treatment and is expected to improve survival.
A highly efficient method for structural model reduction
Authors: Yang Qiu Wei , Peng Xi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModel reduction is a commonly used method for quickly computing the lower‐order eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a structure. This article proposed a direct model reduction method without any iterations. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed technique has two main advantages. The first one is that the explicit expression of the transformation matrix can be directly obtained using a recurrence formula. The second one is that the calculation efficiency of the proposed method is very high because there is no need for iterative calculation. Three types of structure are used as examples to verify the proposed method. It is found that the lower‐frequency eigenpairs calculated by the reduced model are very close to the exact ones obtained by the full model. Moreover, the calculation time of the proposed method is much less than that of the existing methods. It has been shown that the proposed method is reliable and effective.
Discovery of potential Q‐marker of traditional Chinese medicine based on chemical profiling, chemometrics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking: Centipeda minima as an example
Authors: Liu Meiqi , Zhao Xiaoran , Ma Zicheng , Qiu Ziying , Sun Lili , Wang Meng , Ren Xiaoliang , Deng Yanru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe characteristics of chemical components or groups of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) determine their clinical efficacy. Quality markers (Q‐markers) is of great significance for standardizing the quality control system of TCM.ObjectivesWe aimed to develop a new strategy to discover potential Q‐markers of TCM by integrating chemometrics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking, using Centipeda minima (also known as ebushicao [EBSC]) as an example.Materials and methodsFirst, fingerprints of different batches of EBSC and its counterfeit Arenaria oreophila (also known as zaozhui [ZZ]) were established. Second, chemometric analysis was conducted to determine the influence of varying authenticity/batches of herbs on quality and the chemical markers were screened out. Third, network pharmacology and molecular docking simulations were used to verify the relationship between active ingredients and targets. Lastly, potential Q‐markers were selected based on TCM theory.ResultsThe chemical profiles of EBSC and ZZ were investigated. It was found that different batches of EBSC have differences in chemical composition. Based on our chemometric analysis, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isochlorogenic acid A, quercetin, arnicolide D, and brevilin A were selected as candidate active ingredients. ATIL6, EGFR, CASP3, MYC, HIF1A, and VEGFA were the main targets. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding ability. Based on the concept of Q‐marker, arnicolide D and brevilin A were identified as potential Q‐markers for EBSC.ConclusionsOur strategy could be used as a practical approach to discover Q‐markers of TCM to evaluate overall chemical consistency.
Third Abstraction: Motives and techniques
Authors: LaoZhu  
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen we look at an image/picture, and make it impossible to recognize anything specific from it, which means that this image/picture itself has no associations with any existing thing either in the real world or in the imaginary one, and if this image/picture can still generate under these circumstances meanings and effects, then this is what I mean by the Third Type of Abstraction. The method I use is actually to keep removing all the elements of the image/picture that may lead to fantasies or associations with concrete things and make it stay in a suspended, uncertain and free status. In this way, the freedom of everyone who looks at an image/picture can be provoked out of an uncontrolled state.
Oegugin Influencers and pop nationalism through government campaigns: Regulating foreign‐nationals in the South Korean YouTube ecology
Authors: Lee Jin , Abidin Crystal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn South Korea, it has become a growing trend for foreign Influencers to promote Korean cultures, especially through genres like mukbang (livestreamed binge‐eating), beauty vlogs (e.g. “A day in the life of”), reaction (e.g., K‐pop and K‐drama “reacts”). This is observed in popular cross‐platform hashtag streams like “oegugin” [#외국인; “foreign‐nationals”], and “oegugin‐baneung” [#외국인반응; “foreigner reactions”]. While institutions frequently deploy Influencers as ambassadors, the popularity of oegugin Influencers—particularly those of White descent—is prominently observed in South Korea alongside the global popularity of K‐culture. In response, this paper details the emergent interventions toward the development and regulation of the oegugin Influencer ecology, by reviewing the strategic choices of oegugin Influencers when they work with government ministries and companies, especially around nation branding campaigns and contents. Specifically, we consider how the discourse of nation branding and nationalism is being shaped, promoted, and advocated by oegugin Influencers in the form of popular culture, despite Korea's existing racial system, which can be contentious for its entanglements with online hate and xenophobia. Further, we focus on what we call “pop nationalism” as evidenced in the oegugin Influencers' nationalist contents, and discuss how racial boundaries are regulated in the (re)production and consumption of such contents.
Regulating social media and influencers within Vietnam
Authors: Le Viet Tho , Hutchinson Jonathon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMs. Nguyen Phuong Hang is the CEO of Dai Nam Van Hien, a tourism complex in Binh Duong province in southern Vietnam, and in 2021 she started livestreaming on social media. Hang's livestreams would humiliate celebrities, include personal attacks, criticize media and charity organizations, and use harassing language, resulting in the Vietnamese government regulating social media influencers. Vietnam is a centralized government that promotes the regulation of social media influencers to control the population by censoring content and banning certain discussion topics. This is exemplary of Vietnam's media regulatory environment: Vietnam wants to take advantage of the opportunities that new media and technology bring to promote economic integration, yet the Vietnamese government prefers to accept them by enforcing their adherence to local regulations via regulatory and economic measures. As a result, the Vietnamese government has increased control over livestreaming influencers: any social media account with more than 10,000 followers must provide account holders' contact information to government authorities. Further, social media platforms will be asked to remove content that has been flagged as problematic by government officials, shoring up Vietnam's view on regulation toward foreign social media platforms. These regulations allow the government to control the narrative around social issues and prevent dissenting voices from being heard. Departing from the analysis of Hang's case study, this article examines the current regulatory status of social media users with a specific focus on Vietnamese influencers. The paper also extrapolates the tension that the country faces as it invests and develops its digital and creative industries.
Ring‐opening polymerizations of L‐Lactide catalyzed by zinc caprylate: Syntheses of cyclic and linear poly(L‐lactide)s
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. , Scheliga Felix 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlcohol‐initiated ring‐opening polymerizations (ROPs) of L‐Lactide (LA) were conducted in bulk at 130 °C catalyzed by Zn acetate (ZnAc2), lactate (ZnLac2), or caprylate (ZnCap2). 11‐undecenol (UND), 1‐hydroxymethylnaphtalene (HMN), and 4‐nitrobenzylalcohol (4NB) were used as alcohols. Whereas variation of the alcohols had little effect, the usefulness of the catalysts increased in the order: acetate < lactate < caprylate. Hence, further alcohol‐initiated polymerizations were performed with ZnCap2 alone and with variation of the lactide/catalyst (LA/Cat) ratio. With increasing LA/Cat ratio higher fractions of cyclic poly(L‐lactide) (PLA) were found, so that the measured degree of polymerization (DP) is considerably lower than the theoretical value (i.e., 2 x LA/alcohol). With neat ZnCap2 cyclic PLAs were the largely prevailing reaction products. For these cyclic PLAs weight average molar masses (Mw) up to 134,000 were obtained and an optical purity around 99% was indicated by 13C NMR spectroscopy and DSC measurements even after 48 h at 150 or 160 °C.
Stratus over rolling terrain: Large‐eddy simulation reference and sensitivity to grid spacing and numerics
Authors: Weinkaemmerer Jan , Ďurán Ivan Bašták , Westerhuis Stephanie , Schmidli Jürg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe formation of low stratus cloud over idealized hills is investigated using numerical model simulations. The main driver for the cloud formation is radiative cooling due to outgoing longwave radiation. Despite a purely horizontal flow, the advection terms in the prognostic equations for heat and moisture produce vertical mixing across the upper cloud edge, leading to a loss of cloud water content. This behavior is depicted via a budget analysis. More precisely, this spurious mixing is caused by the diffusive error of the advection scheme in regions where the sloping surfaces of the terrain‐following vertical coordinate intersect the cloud top. This study shows that the intensity of the (spurious) numerical diffusion depends strongly on the horizontal resolution, the order of the advection schemes, and the choice of scalar advection scheme. A large‐eddy simulation with 4‐ horizontal resolution serves as a reference. For horizontal resolutions of a few hundred meters and simulations carried out with a model setup as used in numerical weather prediction, a strong reduction of the simulated liquid‐water path is observed. In order to keep the (spurious) numerical diffusion at coarser resolutions small, at least a fifth‐order advection scheme should be used. In the present case, a weighted essentially nonoscillatory scalar advection scheme turns out to increase the numerical diffusion along a sharp cloud edge compared with an upwind scheme. Furthermore, the choice of vertical coordinate has a strong impact on the simulated liquid‐water path over orography. With a modified definition of the sigma coordinate, it is possible to produce cloud water where the classical sigma coordinate does not allow any cloud formation.