bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and assessment of stress and associated stressors among veterinary students in India using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Grakh Kushal , Panwar Diksha , Jadhav Vijay Jayawant , Khurana Rajesh , Yadav Dheeraj , Bangar Yogesh Chandrakant , Singh Lokender , Chahal Niharika , Kumar Kamal 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundVeterinary education, is a rigorous professional training program, which exposes students to significant academic and non-academic pressures. The identification of stressors and stress levels among veterinary students mighty help the designing and implementation of coping strategies to protect the students' mental health.MethodsA 44-item based cross-sectional questionnaire survey was prepared and disseminated among veterinary students in India to identify the stressors responsible, measure the amount of stress, and relate stress to characteristics like gender, degree year, and family income. A total of n = 611 veterinary students across 14 states including 27 colleges/universities participated in the study. The collected data was evaluated for sampling adequacy, construct validity, and reliability using a set of statistical tests.ResultsThe analysis revealed high sampling adequacy with a KMO value of 0.957 and a highly significant anti-image correlation (p &lt; 0.001). The principal component analysis generated six factors or subscales which effectively explained 51.98% of the variance in the data, depicting high construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha value of 0.957 revealed high internal consistency for the questionnaire. Analysis revealed more than 94% of pupils under stress, with levels ranging from moderate to severe. Academic-related stressor (95.58%) was the leading cause of overall stress in the present study followed by inter- and intrapersonal and career related-stressors (93.12%) and exams and evaluation-related stressor (90.99%). In comparison to male students, female students reported significantly higher levels of overall stress, academic stress, and intrapersonal and interpersonal stress (p &lt; 0.001) using Chi-square. The students from lower-income families experienced significantly higher overall stress as well as stress due to family responsibilities (p &lt; 0.001). The first-year undergraduate students reported significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) stress due to family responsibilities-related stressors whereas second-year students due to social activities-related stressors. The hierarchal regression model predicted that gender, family income, academic-related stressors, inter- and intrapersonal and career-related stressors, and social activities-related stressors can be employed to evaluate overall stress among students, as they ensured the maximum variance in the data (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first Indian study to identify stressors, quantify associated stress and predict major attributes to be targeted in future studies for veterinary students.
Reliability and validity of the East Asian children's version of mini-MACS in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hou Xiaohui , Qiu Huiying , Liu Liru , Li Yinhua , He Lu , Li Jinling , Tang Hongmei , Xu Kaishou 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundMini-Manual Ability Classification System (Mini-MACS) was developed for children with cerebral palsy aged 1–4 years, but its validity and reliability in different cultures are unavailable yet. This study was to determine the reliability and validity of Mini-MACS in East Asian children with cerebral palsy and investigate the correlation between Mini-MACS and Gross Motor Function Classification System.MethodsOne hundred and four East Asian children with cerebral palsy aged 12–48 months were classiﬁed by one of their parents, an occupational therapist, and a physical therapist with Mini-MACS. The results were analyzed for inter-rater reliability by using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Nine-hole Peg Test was used for the criterion-related validity analysis, and parents retested their children after 2 weeks to evaluate test–retest reliability. Gross Motor Function Classification System levels were also collected to investigate the correlation with Mini-MACS.ResultsGood inter-rater reliability among the occupational therapist, physical therapist, and parents was found [ICC = 0.984 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.976–0.989), 0.973 (95% CI 0.960–0.982), and 0.966 (95% CI 0.950–0.977), respectively; p &lt; 0.01]. The test–retest reliability in parents was almost perfect [ICC = 0.985 (95% CI 0.977–0.990), p &lt; 0.01]. Mini-MACS had consistency with the Nine-hole Peg Test (r = 0.582, 0.581, and 0.566, respectively; p &lt; 0.01). A correlation was found between Gross Motor Function Classification System and Mini-MACS (r = 0.626, 0.596, and 0.598, respectively; p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThe Mini-MACS demonstrates evidence that it is a valid and reliable tool to classify manual ability in East Asian children with cerebral palsy and is also positively related to the Gross Motor Function Classification System.
Beneficial role of gut microbes in maintenance of pace-of-life traits in Phrynocephalus vlangalii
Authors: Bing Zhaohui , Niu Chenkai , Yang Cui , Qi Yue , Zhao Yangyang , Cao Shuhui , Zhao Wei 
Published: November 2022

The pace-of-life syndrome theory suggests that species, populations, and individuals are positioned along a slow–fast pace-of-life continuum. However, whether and how individuals maintain a fast pace of life in a slow pace of life population remains unknown. In this study, the boldness and foraging behavior of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from Maduo (4250 m above sea level), a typical slow-paced population, were screened frequently. Both behaviors of P. vlangalii were significantly recurrent and linked with one another. Based on boldness and foraging behavior, the lizards were divided into positive and shy groups, and their gut microbial diversity were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. No significant difference in α diversity was observed; however, a significant difference existed in the β diversity of gut microbes between the two groups. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the gut microbes in the two groups were distinct. Linear discriminant analysis effect size determined that the shy group contained a more significant proportion of Rikenellaceae and Clostridia. In contrast, the positive group had a higher proportion of Verrucomicrobiota, Verrucomicrobiae, and Akkermansiaceae. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis revealed that biodegradation and metabolism, including lipid metabolism and glycan biosynthesis, were higher in the positive group; on the contrary, nucleotide metabolism and enzyme families were significantly higher in the shy group. The results showed that positive lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for lipid and glucose metabolism to satisfy their high metabolic energy demand, whereas shy lizards had more beneficial intestinal microflora for maintaining an elevated fasting blood glucose, a long life span, and a more stable metabolism to sustain their slow pace of life. In this study, we validate a strong relationship between the individual’s pace-of-life traits and intestinal microbiota in P. vlangalii. Further, we demonstrate that gut microorganisms are essential in sustaining the energy-intensive personality traits at high altitudes.
Retrospective Molecular Survey on Bacterial and Protozoan Abortive Agents in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Central Italy
Authors: Ebani Valentina Virginia , Trebino Chiara , Guardone Lisa , Bertelloni Fabrizio , Cagnoli Giulia , Altomonte Iolanda , Vignola Paolo , Bongi Paolo , Mancianti Francesca 
Published: November 2022

Bacterial and protozoan agents can determine abortion and other reproductive disorders in domestic ruminants, but data regarding their occurrence in wild ruminants are scanty worldwide, including in Italy. The aim of this retrospective study was to verify the occurrence of the main bacterial and protozoan abortive agents in 72 spleen samples previously collected from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in mountain areas of Central Italy. All samples were collected and submitted to DNA extraction for other investigations. Molecular analyses were carried out on the DNA samples to detect Brucella spp., Chlamydia abortus, Coxiella burnetii, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii. Three (4.16%) roe deer resulted PCR positive for C. burnetii and one (1.38%) for T. gondii. These findings suggest that roe deer living in the investigated areas do not act as important reservoirs of the searched agents. However, the tested animals lived in a closed area without contact with domestic animals that are usually involved in the epidemiology of the investigated pathogens. Monitoring of wild ruminants is pivotal to verify changes in the epidemiological scenario from a One Health perspective, too.
Natural Cross-Kingdom Spread of Apple Scar Skin Viroid from Apple Trees to Fungi
Authors: Tian Mengyuan , Wei Shuang , Bian Ruiling , Luo Jingxian , Khan Haris Ahmed , Tai Huanhuan , Kondo Hideki , Hadidi Ahmed , Andika Ida Bagus , Sun Liying 
Published: November 2022

Viroids are the smallest known infectious agents that are thought to only infect plants. Here, we reveal that several species of plant pathogenic fungi that were isolated from apple trees infected with apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) carried ASSVd naturally. This finding indicates the spread of viroids to fungi under natural conditions and further suggests the possible existence of mycoviroids in nature. A total of 117 fungal isolates were isolated from ASSVd-infected apple trees, with the majority (85.5%) being an ascomycete Alternaria alternata and the remaining isolates being other plant-pathogenic or -endophytic fungi. Out of the examined samples, viroids were detected in 81 isolates (69.2%) including A. alternata as well as other fungal species. The phenotypic comparison of ASSVd-free specimens developed by single-spore isolation and ASSVd-infected fungal isogenic lines showed that ASSVd affected the growth and pathogenicity of certain fungal species. ASSVd confers hypovirulence on ascomycete Epicoccum nigrum. The mycobiome analysis of apple tree-associated fungi showed that ASSVd infection did not generally affect the diversity and structure of fungal communities but specifically increased the abundance of Alternaria species. Taken together, these data reveal the occurrence of the natural spread of viroids to plants; additionally, as an integral component of the ecosystem, viroids may affect the abundance of certain fungal species in plants. Moreover, this study provides further evidence that viroid infection could induce symptoms in certain filamentous fungi.
Inactivation of Autophagy in Keratinocytes Reduces Tumor Growth in Mouse Models of Epithelial Skin Cancer
Authors: Barresi Caterina , Rossiter Heidemarie , Buchberger Maria , Pammer Johannes , Sukseree Supawadee , Sibilia Maria , Tschachler Erwin , Eckhart Leopold 
Published: November 2022

Autophagy is a ubiquitous degradation mechanism, which plays a critical role in cellular homeostasis. To test whether autophagy suppresses or supports the growth of tumors in the epidermis of the skin, we inactivated the essential autophagy gene Atg7 specifically in the epidermal keratinocytes of mice (Atg7∆ep) and subjected such mutant mice and fully autophagy-competent mice to tumorigenesis. The lack of epithelial Atg7 did not prevent tumor formation in response to 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as the initiator and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as the promoter of tumor growth. However, the number of tumors per mouse was reduced in mice with epithelial Atg7 deficiency. In the K5-SOS EGFRwa2/wa2 mouse model, epithelial tumors were initiated by Son of sevenless (SOS) in response to wounding. Within 12 weeks after tumor initiation, 60% of the autophagy-competent K5-SOS EGFRwa2/wa2 mice had tumors of 1 cm diameter and had to be sacrificed, whereas none of the Atg7∆ep K5-SOS EGFRwa2/wa2 mice formed tumors of this size. In summary, the deletion of Atg7 reduced the growth of epithelial tumors in these two mouse models of skin cancer. Thus, our data show that the inhibition of autophagy limits the growth of epithelial skin tumors.
Potential Prebiotic Effect of Cava Lees: Changes in Gut Microbiota
Authors: Martín-Garcia Alba , Gonzalez-Linares Javier , Riu-Aumatell Montserrat , López-Tamames Elvira 
Published: November 2022

Lees are a winery by-product with a fiber-rich composition that could have a potential prebiotic effect on gut microbiota. Prebiotics cannot be digested by humans but can be used by bacteria found in the large intestine. To evaluate the potential prebiotic effect of lees, they were administered to Wistar rats for 14 days. Feces were collected daily, and DNA was extracted and analyzed by shot gun sequencing. The supplementation with lees did not affect weight, food intake, or water consumption of the studied rats. It was found that lees promoted the increase of relative abundance of probiotic bacteria belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family, as well as other potentially probiotic species such as Blautia hansenii, Roseburia intestinalis, and Ruminococcus obeum. Moreover, lees supplementation also reduced the abundance of certain pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, lees can improve the presence of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and can be re-valorized as a new ingredient in food formulation.
Screening, and Optimization of Fermentation Medium to Produce Secondary Metabolites from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, for the Biocontrol of Early Leaf Spot Disease, and Growth Promoting Effects on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Ahsan Taswar , Zang Chaoqun , Yu Shuyi , Pei Xue , Xie Jinhui , Lin Ying , Liu Xiaozhou , Liang Chunhao 
Published: November 2022

A novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BAM strain, with novel fermentation nutrient mediums and compositions, could produce potent antifungal secondary metabolites, as the existing strains face resistance from fungus pathogens. In the current study, we introduced two novel nutrient mediums for the fermentation process, semolina and peanut root extract, as carbon and nitrogen sources in order to maximize the antifungal effects of B. amyloliquefaciens against Cercaspora arachidichola to control early leaf spot disease in peanuts. Based on a single-factor test and the central composite design of response surface methodology, the optimum fermentation medium for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens antagonistic substance was determined, containing 15 gm/L of semolina flour, 12.5 gm/L of beef extract, and 0.5 gm/L of magnesium sulfate, which inhibited the fungal growth by 91%. In vitro, antagonistic activity showed that the fermentation broth of B. amyloliquefaciens BAM with the optimized medium formulation had an inhibition rate of (92.62 ± 2.07)% on the growth of C. arachidichola. Disease control effects in pot experiments show that the pre-infection spray of B. amyloliquefaciens BAM broth had significant efficiency of (92.00 ± 3.79)% in comparison to post-infection spray. B. amyloliquefaciens BAM broth significantly promoted peanut plant growth and physiological parameters and reduced the biotic stress of C. archidechola. Studies revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens BAM with a novel fermentation formulation could be an ideal biocontrol and biofertilizer agent and help in early disease management of early leaf spots in peanuts.
Development of Oral Microemulsion Spray Containing Pentacyclic Triterpenes-Rich Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Extract for Healing Mouth Ulcers
Authors: Sanguansajapong Vilasinee , Sakdiset Pajaree , Puttarak Panupong 
Published: November 2022

Several publications have shown that Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and its active constituents (pentacyclic triterpenes) are effective in wound healing. The pentacyclic triterpenes-rich C. asiatica extract (PRE) was prepared following a previous study by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and fractionation with macroporous resin. This method provided the pentacyclic triterpene content in the extract up to 59.60% w/w. The PRE showed potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production with an IC50 value of 20.59 ± 3.48 μg/mL and a potent fibroblast proliferative effect (165.67%) at concentrations of 10 μg/mL. The prepared microemulsion consisted of a water: oil: surfactant mixture of 2: 2: 6, using coconut oil: clove oil (1:1) as the oil phase and Tween 20: Span 20 (2:1) as the surfactant mixture and 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% PRE. Cell proliferation, migration, and collagen production of the microemulsion base and microemulsions containing 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% PRE were evaluated. The results revealed that the microemulsion containing 1% PRE had the highest proliferation effect (136.30 ± 3.93% to 152.65 ± 3.48% at concentrations of 10 μg/mL), migration activities (100.00 ± 0.0% at 24 h), and collagen production in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells when compared with other formulations or blank. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of microemulsions containing 1% PRE was slightly lower than standard indomethacin. Anti-inflammation of the microemulsion containing PRE exhibited a dose-dependent trend, while 5% PRE was more potent than the standard drug. Considering the potent wound-healing activities and the good anti-inflammatory activity of the microemulsion containing PRE, the microemulsion with 1% PRE was identified as the most suitable oral spray formulation for oral ulcer treatment.
Workload effects of online consultation implementation from a Job-Characteristics Model perspective: a qualitative study
Authors: Smart Cordet , Newman Craig , Hartill Lisa , Bunce Sian , McCormick John 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundOnline consultation (OC) was previously promoted by the NHS to solve primary care workload challenges. Its implementation was sped up during the COVID-19 pandemic. Workload effects are widely debated. Using a job design perspective may enhance understandings of workload effect.AimTo qualitatively interrogate the workload experiences of primary care staff involved in OC implementation, using the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) to enable the following: a clearer understanding of the primary care staff psychological experiences; and recommendations informing the design of digital implementations and continued use.Design & settingA qualitative interview study of GP practices using OC within South West England.MethodThirteen participants representing seven practices completed JCM-based semi-structured telephone interviews. An abductive theoretically driven thematic analysis was completed.ResultsParticipants experienced different tasks pre- and post-implementation of OC, and adapted differently to them. Differences included the following: contact modality change, some administrative staff felt removed from patient contact; and in perceived autonomy, some GPs valued increased workload control. Variation in workload experience was affected by job role and practice context, and the form of and rationale for implementation. Use of a psychological model (the JCM) allowed clearer consideration of the effects of change, as well as OC on workload.ConclusionPsychological theory may be helpful in interpreting workload effects of technology implementation such as OC. Designing change to include consideration of technology effects, psychological experiences, differences across roles, and individual and practice contexts may be important for technology implementation and evaluation of its workload effects.
Negative Family-Related Life Events in Adolescents, Risk of Depression and Family Support
Authors: Дашиева Б.А. , Куприянова И.Е. , Карауш И.С. 
Published: November 2022

Введение. Высокая распространенность депрессивных состояний в подростковом и юношеском возрасте, приводящих к нарушениям социального функционирования, определяет необходимость исследований, направленных на изучение факторов риска их развития. В данной статье рассмотрен вклад жизненных событий, связанных с семьей, в развитие аффективной симптоматики у подростков. Методы. Обследованы 507 учащихся городских (n=395) и сельских общеобразовательных школ (n=112), из них 241 – мальчики, 266 – девочки. Использованы клинический, психологический, статистический методы. Применены шкала депрессии М. Ковак для детей и подростков 7–17 лет (Children`s Depression Inventory), шкала жизненных событий для подростков (Adolescent Mental Life Events Scale, ASLEC), опросник субъективного благополучия (Тюлюпо С.В., Дашиева Б.А.). Результаты. Негативные жизненные события, связанные с семейным функционированием, определяются у 45,6% подростков и имеют высокую субъективную значимость у 23,9%. Выявлена взаимосвязь риска развития депрессии у подростков с переживанием связанных с семейным функционированием негативных событий, таких как конфликты, критика со стороны родителей, физические наказания. Предложена программа психологического сопровождения, направленная на оптимизацию актуального эмоционального состояния, снижение риска развития депрессивных симптомов и профилактику возникновения неблагоприятных для здоровья последствий. В динамике выявлено снижение показателей эмоционального неблагополучия и риска депрессии.
Introduction. In this article, the contribution of family-related life events in the development of affective symptomatology in adolescents is examined. Methods. A total of 507 students of urban (n=395) and rural secondary schools (n=112) were examined, including 241 boys and 266 girls. Clinical, psychological and statistical methods were used. The M. Kovak Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents 7–17 years old (Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI)), the Scale of Life Events for Adolescents (Adolescent Mental Life Events Scale, ASLEC), the Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire (Tyulyupo S.V., Dashieva B.A.) were applied. Results. Negative life events related to family functioning are revealed in 45.6% with high subjective significance in 23.9% of adolescents. The interrelation of the risk of depression in adolescents with the experience of negative events related to family functioning, such as conflicts, criticism from parents and physical punishment was revealed. A program of psychological support is proposed, aimed at optimizing the current emotional state, reducing the risk of developing depressive symptoms and preventing the occurrence of adverse health consequences. The dynamics revealed a decrease in indicators of emotional distress and the risk of depression.