bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
टोखा क्षेत्रमा मानव बसोवासको इतिहास {History of human settlement at Tokha area}
Authors: के.सी KC श्याममदन Shyammadan 
Published: October 2022

टाेखा बजार काठमाडौँको उत्तरतिर शिवपुरी आरक्षण क्षेत्रको डाँडामा पर्दछ । टोखा बजार पुरानो नेवार वस्ती हो । यहाँ परापूर्व कालदेखि नै मानवकाे बसाेबास भएकाे देखिन्छ । मध्यकालमा राजा रत्नमल्लले टाेखालाइ ३ सय घरहरूको सहर बसाएकाे चर्चा देवमाला वंशावलीमा गरिएकाे छ । तर टाेखाका विभिन्न स्थानमा लिच्छविकालीन अभिलेखहरू पाइएका छन् । यसबाट टाेखामा प्राचीनकालमा नै वस्ती बसिसकेको बुझ्न सकिन्छ । यहाँ किरात कालमा नै बस्ति बसेकाे पनि हुन सक्तछ । तर यसकाे राम्राेसँग अध्ययन अनुसन्धान भएको छैन । तसर्थ यस लेखमा यस क्षेत्रमा लिच्छविकालमा बसोबास थियो वा थिएन ? यो क्षेत्र कति पुरानो हो ? भन्ने उत्तर खोज्ने प्रयास गरिएकाे छ । यो अन्वेषणात्मक प्रकृतिको गुणात्मक र मूलतः ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन भएको हुँदा त्यसका लागि ऐतिहासिक तथा पुरातात्विक स्रोतबाट तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गरिएका छन् । विशेषगरी मानव वस्तीको खोजी गर्न त्यस क्षेत्र र वरिपरि रहेका अभिलेखहरूकाे पनि सहयाेग लिइएकाे छ । यसका अतिरिक्त पूर्वप्रकाशित पुस्तक, लेख–रचनालगायत द्वितीयक स्रोतहरूको आधारमा आवश्यक तथ्यांक सङ्कलन गरिएका छन् । त्यसरी प्राप्त तथ्यांकलाई व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरी टाेखा क्षेत्रमा प्राचीन कालमा नै वस्ती बसेकाे पत्ता लगाइएकाे छ ।
Pengaruh Net Profit Margin, Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Free Cash Flow dan Firm Size Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen
Authors: Heliani Heliani , Yulianti Risma , Hermawan Irwan 
Published: October 2022

Tidak tercapainya kesejahteraan pemegang saham akan mengakibatkan investor untuk menarik kembali investasinya yang dapat berdampak pada kerugian perusahaaan. Masalah tersebut dapat diatasi dengan membuat kebijakan dividen. Kebijakan dividen tersebut dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor yang diantara adalah Net Profit Margin, Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Free Cash Flow dan Firm Size.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh dari Net Profit Margin, Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Free Cash Flow dan Firm Size terhadap Kebijakan Dividen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan yang diterbitkan pada 2016-2020. Populasi yang digunakan yaitu Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan yang listing di BEI berjumlah 47 perusahaan. Sampel dipilih dengan purposive sampling dan didapat 12 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria untuk menjadi sampel penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan melakukan statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel net profit margin, current ratio, debt to equity ratio, free cash flow dan firm size berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020. Sedangkan secara parsial hanya net profit margin, free cash flow dan firm size yang berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020 sedangkan current ratio dan debt to equity ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen pada perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2020.
Simulation of the Influence of Spray Parameters on Particle Properties in APS
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Papenfuß-Janzen N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of process parameters on plasma sprayed particles. Through simulations, the authors show that particle velocity is largely a function of trajectory, which is influenced by plasma composition, powder properties, injection velocity, particle size distribution, and kinetic energy. Depending on kinetic energy, the particles are deflected by the high viscous region around the flow core, they enter the core, or they pass through it into the slow outer flow on the opposite side. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
YSZ Film Deposition by Thermal Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition in Open Air
Authors: Ando Y. , Tobe S. , Tahara H. , Yoshikawa T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work evaluates the microstructure and composition of zirconia films produced by thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition (TPCVD). The results show that TPCVD has the potential to produce durable ceramic films with columnar structure, even in open air. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Nanostructured Ceramic Coatings Obtained by Thermal Spraying
Authors: Segers L. , Vernin P. , Hansz B. , Malavolta C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of this work is to produce titanium dioxide coatings doped with silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale SiO2 powders are prepared in an induction plasma reactor, then spray-dried to obtain a homogeneous mixture of micro- and nano-crystalline oxide powders suitable for dc plasma spraying. A test case based on conventional aluminum oxide powder is presented. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Plasma Sprayed Nano-Structured Oxide Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Zeng Y. , Lee S.W. , Ding C.X. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, nanostructured layers of zirconium and aluminum oxide are produced by atmospheric plasma spraying. The layers are characterized using SEM, TEM, X-ray phase analysis, and hardness measurements, the results of which show that hard, dense nanostructured oxide layers were achieved. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Low Energy Arc Spraying for Applications in the Capacitor Industry
Authors: van Rodijnen F. , Knepper M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper describes an arc spraying process developed for the production of metalized film capacitors. It discusses the role of metal spraying in capacitor manufacturing, the basics of thermal spraying, and the function of various components in a wire arc spraying system. It also reviews the production steps typically used for capacitor end spray. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
On the Economical and Environmental Aspects of TSA Coatings
Authors: de Munter A.J. , Bult A. , de Jong J.A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although thermally sprayed aluminum (TSA) has come to be recognized as an effective corrosion protection treatment, its use has been limited to off-shore structures. The fact that TSA coatings were unsuccessful as an alternative to traditional organic coatings has more to do with economics than technology. This paper presents life cycle cost models that justify the much higher level of investment required with TSA spraying while accounting for its ecological advantages in terms of energy, waste, and volatile emissions. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
New Thermal Barrier Coating Systems with a Graded Ceramic Coating
Authors: Vaßen R. , Pracht G. , Stöver D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the potential of graded and layered thermal barrier coating systems for high-temperature applications. It explains how the coatings are constructed from La2Zr2O7 and YSZ layers and how their properties can be locally optimized to meet application needs. It examines the microstructure and evaluates the thermal performance of both single and multi-layer deposits. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings for Electrical Insulation on Glass Ceramic Components
Authors: Gadow R. , Killinger A. , Li C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents and assesses a thermal spraying process for applying electrically insulating layers on glass ceramic substrates. It reviews the crystal structure of glass and glass ceramic and explains how it influences splat morphology, phase transformation, and the properties of plasma-sprayed materials. It is observed that substrate preheating is necessary with glass ceramics as is substrate cooling; the former to promote adhesion, the latter to control residual stress. Spray parameters such as plasma power and powder feed rate also have an effect on residual stress and must be controlled as well. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings Applied by Plasma Spray Processing Methods for Increased Production
Authors: Dambra C. , Dorfman M. , Erning U. , Mannsmann W. , Guide B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings have been used for years in manufacturing as well as revision and repair. This paper provides an overview of recent advancements in TBC technology and discusses the factors with the greatest impact on coating life, reliability, and performance. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Safety Hazards Associated with the Usage of Compressed Gases in Thermal Spraying
Authors: Hale D.L. , Dobler K. , Gifford D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The ASM Thermal Spray Society Recommended Practices Committee, through its Subcommittee on Safety, is responsible for the development and dissemination of practical recommendations for thermal spraying work. This paper discusses the guidance set forth in the “Recommended Practice for the Handling and Usage of Gases in Thermal Spraying,” which deals with the installation, operation, and maintenance of gas equipment used in spraying processes. It summarizes the hazards associated with compressed gases and high-pressure cylinders and presents precautionary measures to reduce the risks. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Hochtemperatur-Verschleißverhalten von thermisch gespritzten Hartmetallschichten für Ventilspindeln in Dampfturbinen (High-Temperature Wear Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Cemented Carbide Coatings for Valve Spindles in Steam Turbines)
Authors: Schneider P. , Siegmann S. , Hitzek R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thermally sprayed hardmetal coatings are often used to protect valves in steam turbines against wear. Normally the valve spindles are made of CrMo steel and their bearings are made of Stellite, a cobalt-base alloy. In this investigation, a block-on-ring wear test is used with rings and blocks made of the same materials as the spindles and bearings. The rings were coated with Cr3C2-NiCr by HVOF spraying. Wear tests showed increasing weight loss up to 400°C and a sharp decline at 600°C due to a thin surface oxide layer that begins growing at 450°C. The coatings are characterized based on SEM, EDX, and hardness measurements. Paper text in German.
Cold Spraying – State of the Art and Applicability
Authors: Stoltenhoff T. , Voyer J. , Kreye H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Various metals such as aluminum, copper, zinc, steel, nickel, titanium, and niobium have been deposited on a wide range of substrate materials via cold spraying. This paper provides a detailed overview of the cold spray process and the coatings typically produced. It discusses the powders and gases used, the dynamics of gas-particle flow in spray nozzles, the effect of temperature and pressure, and the concept of critical velocity. It also presents examples of the properties and microstructures recently achieved in cold sprayed aluminum, zinc, NiCr, MCrAlY, and Cu-Al coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Particulate Erosion Resistance of Thermally Sprayed Coatings at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Yoshida M. , Yomogizawa M. , Endo N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the particle erosion properties of wear protection layers at high temperatures. The materials tested include tungsten and carbide cermets, nickel alloys, and chromium steel applied by different thermal spraying methods. Among key findings: HVOF-sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr cermet coatings showed the least amount of wear after particle erosion testing. It was confirmed that erosion resistance depends on elastic-plastic conditions between the particles and coating surface, not layer hardness. The impact of solid particles does not cause abrasion in elastic friction areas and only rarely causes abrasion in regions where plastic plowing occurs. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Chlorine Corrosion of Thermally Sprayed Coatings at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Uusitalo M.A. , Vuoristo P.M.J. , Mäntylä T.A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study compares the corrosion resistance of a wide range of coatings in a chlorine-containing atmosphere at elevated temperatures. Four HVOF-sprayed NiCr coating samples were produced and tested along with an iron-aluminide HVOF layer, a chromium diffusion layer, and a laser-treated HVOF NiCrMo layer. The investigators found that the structure of HVOF coatings has a major effect on corrosion resistance and that chlorine corrosion primarily attacks the substrate through cracks and interconnected networks of pores and oxides at splat boundaries. They also observed that laser melting increases corrosion resistance by homogenizing the coating structure. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Suspension Plasma Spraying of Ceramics by Using an Ink Jet Printer
Authors: Kuroda S. , Blazdell P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Coatings produced by suspension plasma spraying are characterized by their small grain size, which usually translates to better properties. In this study, a ceramic suspension is prepared from zirconia nanopowder and an organic solvent for use in an inkjet printer. The print head dispenses a stream of droplets, approximately 100 µm in size, that are injected into a dc plasma jet. Investigators found that the droplets disintegrate in transit and are much smaller by the time they hit the substrate. By heating the substrate surface, it is possible to create regularly shaped splats that are much smaller than those achieved by conventional plasma powder spraying. Although SEM examination revealed microcracks in some of the larger splats, no signs of cracking were observed in splats smaller than the critical diameter of 5 µm. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Effect of Spray Parameters on the Structure of Nano-TiO2 Deposits Produced by Liquid Flame Spraying
Authors: Li C.-J. , Yang G.-J. , Wang Z. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, nanostructured TiO2 deposits are produced by liquid flame spraying using a two-fluid atomizing nozzle. The coatings are systematically analyzed to determine the effect of spray parameters on grain size and phase structure. Using a butyl titanate ethanol feedstock and appropriate process conditions, TiO2 deposits have been produced with a phase concentration of more than 80% anatase and a grain size of 30 nm. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Effect of Nozzle Design and Atomization Gas on the Properties of Electric Arc Sprayed Ni18Cr6Al2Mn Coatings
Authors: Varis T. , Rajamäki E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper evaluates various methods for adjusting the degree of oxidation in arc-sprayed layers. Oxidation control is primarily achieved through the use of a nonoxidizing gas, such as argon or nitrogen, especially in combination with a fine nozzle. In the case of Ni18Cr6Al2Mn deposits, the measured oxide content varied from 0.85 to 3.41 wt% based on the atomizing gas, nozzle, and stand-off distance used. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Developments in Laser Shock Adhesion Test (LASAT)
Authors: Berthe L. , Bartnicki E. , Bolis C. , Boustie M. , Arrigoni M. , Barradas S. , Jeandin M. , Barbezat G. , Dumont B. , Desalos Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the principles of laser shock adhesion testing, a nonintrusive method for measuring the bonding strength of coatings. The technique uses a laser to generate a thermal shock in the substrate, while Doppler laser interferometry is used to detect detachments. An application example is presented in which the method is employed to measure the adhesion strength of a plasma-sprayed copper coating on an aluminum substrate. The results are compared with numerical simulations of shock wave propagation. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Innovative Methods for the Characterization of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Niccolai F. , Bardi U. , Carrafiello L. , Placidi M. , Rizzi G. , Scrivani A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thermal barrier coating failures almost always occur by spallation due to interlayer stresses. During service, a thermally grown oxide forms between the bond coat and insulating ceramic. This oxide has a significant impact on the life of the coating. In this work, a number of innovative methods are used to study TBC bond coats, topcoats, and interface oxide layers. CoNiCrAlY bond coats produced by APS, VPS, and HVOF spraying are analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and compared based on the presence of oxides. Zirconia powders and topcoat layers are examined by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering in order to study the crystal structure and spatial distribution of different phases. The authors also use Raman microscopy to map the surface of the topcoat layer and XPS to determine the elemental composition. This provides useful data because surface and interface roughness affect the spallation resistance of the oxide layer and thus the expected life of the TBC. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
AlSi-BN Abradable Materials for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Purdie S. , Dorfman M.R. , Britton C. , Harrison K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a recent effort, AlSi 20wt% BN powder was optimized for clearance control applications in aircraft engines. This paper follows up on the initial results, reviewing the wear mechanism of AlSi, the corrosion behavior of AlSi-BN and AlSi-graphite, and the commercial use of AlSi-BN abradable coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Simulation of Crack Formation and Delamination of Plasma Sprayed Coating with MSC-MARC
Authors: Kundas S. , Kashko T. , Hurevich V. , Lugscheider E. , Papenfuß-Janzen N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the authors use computational tools to simulate thermal and mechanical processes involved in plasma spraying that lead to crack formation and delamination. The substrate-coating system is represented by a metal strip (120 x 20 x 2 mm) and a ceramic layer with a thickness of 0.06 mm. The transient heat transport problem and stress-deformation state of the 3D sample is solved via stress relaxation due to plastic deformation and distributed displacements or cracking. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Interaction Between Near-Substrate Plasma Characteristics and Heat Flux into the Substrate by a Supersonic dc Plasma Jet of Ammonia and Nitrogen Under for Low-Pressure Nitriding
Authors: Tahara H. , Onoe K. , Yoshikawa T. , Ando Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, spectroscopic and electrostatic probe measurements are made to examine the characteristics of a supersonic dc plasma jet near the surface of titanium plate during a nitriding treatment. The low-pressure nitriding process is done using a mixture of ammonia, nitrogen, and hydrogen gasses. Heating effects from the plasma are evaluated with nickel slug and thermocouple attached to the plate. The authors present the results of their study along with observations, insights, and suggestions on how to improve plasma nitriding processes. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Vacuum Plasma Spraying of Thin-Film Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) – Development and Investigation of the YSZ Electrolyte Layer
Authors: Lang M. , Henne R. , Pohl S.E. , Schiller G. , Hubig E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of plasma spraying parameters on the gas tightness and ionic conductivity of YSZ electrolyte layers in thin-film solid oxide fuel cells. Measurement data obtained from the layers are correlated with electrochemical test results, providing helpful information on how the performance of SOFC stacks can be improved. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Effect of Powder Size on the Oxidation of MCrAlY Particles During HVOF Spraying
Authors: Li C.-J. , Li W.-Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this investigation, chromium alloy powders of varying size are used to deposit coatings by HVOF spraying in order to study the effect of powder size on particle oxidation and oxygen content in the coatings. The results show that oxide content in both the layer and sprayed particles is extremely dependent on particle size and that little additional oxidation is likely to occur after particle impact. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Structural Characterization of Plasma Sprayed and Spray-and-Fused NiCrBSi Coatings
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , Miguel J.M. , Vizcaino S. , Armada S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on a structural characterisation of the nickel alloy coatings, before and after the fuse process is done and the main phases in each case, showing important differences between the nickel alloy coatings. Spray and fuse process involves thermal spraying to apply a coating of special self-fluxing alloys and a post thermal treatment at temperature between the solidus and liquidus of the alloy, when important diffusion processes take place. An improvement of the hardness and tribological properties is observed with the addition of tungsten carbide-cobalt to the nickel alloy powder. The results show the excellent tribological properties of the spray and fused coatings, better than the obtained for the as-sprayed coatings. The adhesion strength of the nickel alloy coating after the thermal treatment achieve a value above 80 MPa. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Correlation of In-Flight Particle Properties and Layer Structure in HVOF Spraying
Authors: Fukushima T. , Yamada H. , Kawakita J. , Kuroda S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that gas shrouding is an effective means for controlling oxidation during HVOF spraying. In this present work, the authors attach a gas shroud to an oxyfuel torch with a longer barrel to further investigate the correlation between the state of HVOF sprayed particles and the density and oxygen content of the resulting layers. It is shown that with gas shielding, extended barrel length, and optimized spraying parameters, it is possible to accelerate powder particles to a velocity of over 750 m/sec with maintaining a high molten fraction, thereby producing very dense (zero porosity) stainless steel layers with oxygen contents less than 0.2% by weight. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Influence of TiO2 Content on the Behavior of Al2O3 Layers Under Cyclic Tribological Loads
Authors: Costil S. , Normand B. , Coddet C. , Langlade-Bomba C. , Vannes A.B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The sliding wear behavior of thermally sprayed aluminum oxide is fairly well studied, but little is known about its fretting behavior under cyclic tribological loads. This study investigates the fretting behavior of plasma sprayed alumina and the related influence of TiO2 additions. Three Al2O3-TiO2 composites are sprayed on steel substrates using commercial powders and the resulting layers are characterized based on hardness, porosity, surface morphology, phase composition, and fretting behavior. The results of the study show that TiO2 additions reduce microhardness and increase coating toughness. The effect of TiO2 on fretting behavior and surface wear is assessed after 10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 load cycles based on SEM imaging, friction measurements, and debris formation. Observations and test results are presented and discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Development of a Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coating for Electrostatic Chucks used in Semiconductor Manufacturing
Authors: Takeuchi J. , Yamasaki R. , Harada Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electrostatic chucks are a potential alternative to vacuum stages used in semiconductor manufacturing. They have no moving parts; just a thin dielectric layer on an aluminum substrate. This paper explains how the dielectric coating for an electrostatic wafer holder was developed, tested, and optimized for commercial use. It describes the materials (Al2O3-TiO2) and spraying method (VPS) used, the rationale for selecting them, and the metrics on which they are rated. It explains how to verify that the layers have sufficient resistivity, adsorption properties, and thickness to satisfy application requirements. It also discusses the deoxidation of TiO2 during spraying and its effect on electrical properties. Paper includes a German-language abstract.