bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Aerobic Training and Spirulina on Nesfatin-1 and Peptide YY in Overweight Elderly Men: A randomized trial
Authors: Babaei Mostafa , Abdi Ahmad , Mehrabani Javad , Abbassi Daloii Asieh 
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose: Research has shown that aging affects appetite and energy intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of aerobic training (AT) and spirulina (SP) on Nesfatin-1 and Peptide YY (PYY) in overweight elderly men.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 32 overweight elderly men (age 57.50±4.84 years, Body mass index: BMI 26.90±2.85 kg/m2) in public and administrative centers of Bandar-e-Anzali were selected and randomly divided into four groups including Overweight (OW), Overweight-Aerobic Training (OWAT), Overweight-Spirulina (OWSP), and Overweight-Aerobic Training -Spirulina (OWATSP). AT, including running on treadmill was performed three sessions per week with intensity of 70 - 85% of maximum heart rate for eight weeks. The groups of OWSP and OWATSP were provided two 500 mg SP tablets daily in the morning and evening. Serum Nesfatin-1 and PYY levels were measured using the kit and ELISA method. Data were tested using independent samples t-test and ANCOVA at a significance level of p <0.05
Results: Mean weight and BMI in the groups of aerobic exercise, spirulina and exercise- spirulina decreased significantly (P<0.05). The results showed that exercise, spirulina and exercise-spirulina caused a significant increase in Nesfatin-1 and Peptide YY compared to the pretest and control group (P=0.001). Also, the Nesfatin-1 and Peptide YY level of the exercise- spirulina group was significantly higher than the spirulina group (P=0.003).
Conclusion: AT intervention and daily intake of SP supplement were associated with increase in hormones affecting appetite. It was then recommended that overweight and obese elderly people use this effective combination strategy for its benefits.
Cutaneous Markers of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Brazão Cláudia , Pimenta Rita , Queirós Catarina , Filipe Paulo , Menezes Falcão Luiz 
Published: June 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important global medical challenges because of their high rates of morbidity and mortality. In this narrative review, the authors address the most important dermatologic signs that can be present in patients with cardiovascular disease. The early recognition of these underestimated entities is very important as it may lead to an early diagnosis and timely treatment, thus lessening the effects of long-term disease and possibly improving the prognosis.
Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Strata of Western Laurentia (North America): A Record of Transition from Passive to Convergent Margin
Authors: Hedhli Makram , Matthews William A. , Hadlari Thomas , Alonso-Torres Daniel , Grasby Stephen Edward , Beauchamp Benoit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous (DC) Antler orogeny in southwestern Laurentia is contemporaneous with influx of clastic sediments, unconformities, and volcanism across much of western Laurentia (WL), suggesting the demise of the Paleozoic passive margin. However beyond the type Antler orogeny in southwestern Laurentia, the DC tectonic setting is still unclear. Westerly sediment provenance has been suggested as evidence of a convergent margin setting in a foreland basin. However, there is a gap in our understanding in central WL (Alberta and Montana) despite the fact that paleogeographic reconstructions place this area at the centre of WL. We provide detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb geochronological data from strata in Alberta, Montana, and Nevada that are synchronous with the Antler orogeny to constrain sediment dispersal patterns and test the westerly sediment sourcing hypothesis. We show three DZ facies specific to particular geographic locations: DZ facies 1 in southern Nevada has a prominent subpopulation of early to mid-Mesoproterozoic (mode at 1430 Ma), DZ facies 2 in northeastern Nevada has a late Paleoproterozoic population (mode at 1823 Ma), and DZ facies 3 in Alberta and Montana displays Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic (mode at 1036 Ma), mid-Paleozoic (mode at 411 Ma), and depositional (ca. 360-340 Ma) ages. North-south variation in DZ facies indicates that WL basins were locally sourced from various tectonic fragments having different signatures. Comparing our data with published data, we show that WL is dominated by DZ recycled from uplifted older strata with input from mid-Paleozoic arc terrane (s) to the west. Westerly sourcing is evidenced by the presence of near-depositional ages and affinities of this study’s DZ facies with strata located to the west. Our results and geological evidence from other studies suggest that the Antler orogeny triggered a depositional shift and controlled sediments dispersal in WL, signaling the demise of the Paleozoic passive margin.
Tiada Empati Tanpa Interaksi: Studi Kasus Empati Anak Taman Kanak-Kanak
Authors: Azka Dhafin Rozaq , Wibawa Saptanto Hari 
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat empati anak di TK Tunas Harapan Desa Kalak. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus. Data diambil dari lembar observasi guru terhadap perilaku anak didik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 17 Desember 2019 sampai 31 Desember 2019. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 24 siswa dan 1 orang guru. Empati dilihat dari 17 kriteria berikut: mampu mengenali ekspresi teman (10 siswa mampu mengenali ekspresi teman sedangkan 14 siswa tidak), mampu menghampiri teman yang sedang kesulitan (11 siswa mampu sedangkan 13 siswa tidak), mampu menghibur teman ketika sedang sedih (7 siswa mampu sedangkan 17 siswa tidak), mampu meminta izin saat meminjam (20 siswa mau sedangkan 4 siswa tidak), mampu menghargai pendapat teman (18 siswa mampu sedangkan 6 siswa tidak), mampu menghargai hasil karya (21 siswa yang sudah mampu sedangkan 3 siswa tidak), mampu meminjamkan barang miliknya (22 siswa dapat meminjamkan barang miliknya sedangkan 2 siswa tidak), bersikap jujur dalam bermain (sebanyak 24 siswa sudah mampu berperilaku jujur), mampu menaati peraturan sekolah (10 siswa mampu sedangkan 14 siswa tidak), sabar menunggu giliran (11 siswa sudah mampu bersabar sedangkan 13 siswa tidak sabar), mau berbagi dengan teman (22 siswa mau berbagi sedangkan 2 siswa tidak), mampu bersikap kooperatif dengan teman (9 siswa mampu kooperatif sedangkan 15 siswa tidak), mampu mendengarkan saat guru berbicara (17 siswa yang dapat mendengarkan guru sedangkan 7 siswa tidak), mau mendoakan teman yang sakit (9 siswa yang dapat melakukanya sedangkan 15 siswa tidak), tidak iri melihat keberhasilan teman (15 siswa yang dapat sedangkan 9 siswa tidak), mampu mengekspresikan perasaan secara wajar (23 siswa yang tidak mampu sedangkan 1 siswa tidak mampu) dan tidak membeda-bedakan teman 10 siswa yang mampu sedangkan 14 siswa tidak)
Drill Bit Failure Forensics Using 2D Bit Images Captured at the Rig Site
Authors: Chu Jian , Ashok Pradeepkumar , Witt-Doerring Ysabel , Yan Zeyu , van Oort Eric , Chen Dongmei 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Identifying the root cause of damage of a pulled bit as soon as possible will aid in preparation for future drilling operations. Today, bit damage analyses are often time-consuming, delayed, subjective, and error prone. A novel automated forensics approach is presented in this paper for polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit damage root cause analysis using 2D bit photos that can be easily captured on a phone or camera at the rigsite. A labeled data set consisting of 125 actual bit images and 800 synthetic images was first created with the cutters appropriately identified and labeled. Using this data set, a convolutional neural network (CNN) along with other image processing techniques was applied to first identify the individual cutters and their positions on the bit and then to quantify the damage to the cutters. A cutter detection accuracy of over 97% and a damage quantification accuracy of 97% were achieved. A separate classifier was then trained to directly identify the root cause of failure from the bit images. This classifier utilized a separate data set that consisted of multiple bit images from 25 distinct bit runs. This data set was labeled into different types of failure mechanisms through analysis by a subject-matter expert. The trained classifier developed could properly identify the root causes of failure when the bit photo quality met certain minimum standards. One key observation was that bit images are not always captured appropriately, and this reduces the accuracy of the proposed methodology. By identifying the potential root causes of PDC damage through image processing, drilling parameters can be optimized to prolong future bit life.
m1A-pred: Prediction of Modified 1-methyladenosine Sites in RNA
Sequences through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Suleman Muhammad Taseer , Khan Yaser Daanial 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The process of nucleotides modification or methyl groups addition to nucleotides is known as post-transcriptional modification (PTM). 1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a type of PTM formed by adding a methyl group to the nitrogen at the 1st position of the adenosine base. Many human disorders are associated with m1A, which is widely found in ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA.

Objective:
The conventional methods such as mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis proved to be laborious and burdensome. Systematic identification of modified sites from RNA sequences is gaining much attention nowadays. Consequently, an extreme gradient boost predictor, m1A-Pred, is developed in this study for the prediction of modified m1A sites.

Method:
The current study involves the extraction of position and composition-based properties within nucleotide sequences. The extraction of features helps in the development of the features vector. Statistical moments were endorsed for dimensionality reduction in the obtained features.

Results:
Through a series of experiments using different computational models and evaluation methods, it was revealed that the proposed predictor, m1A-pred, proved to be the most robust and accurate model for the identification of modified sites.

Availability and Implementation:
To enhance the research on m1A sites, a friendly server was also developed which was the final phase of this research.
Investigating the Impact of Covalent and Non-covalent Binding Modes of
Inhibitors on Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase in the Treatment of B Cell
Malignancies - Computational Insights
Authors: Issahaku Abdul Rashid , Soliman Mahmoud E.S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Bruton tyrosine kinase plays a key role in the survival, proliferation, activation and differentiation of B-lineage cells and the signaling of other receptors. It is overexpressed and constitutively active in the pathogenesis of B cell malignancies and has therefore become a target for therapeutic intervention. Some success has been achieved in the discovery of small molecules especially in the development of irreversible inhibitors. However, these inhibitors are punctuated by off target effects and have also become less effective in patients with mutations at Cys481. This motivated the search for inhibitors with improved efficacy and different binding modes.

Methods:
In this study we employed two new second generation inhibitors with different binding modes, Zanubrutinib and AS-1763, which are at various levels of clinical trials to highlight the molecular determinants in the therapeutic inhibition of BTK through computational studies.

Results:
This study revealed Zanubrutinib and AS-1763 exhibited free total binding energies of -98.76±4.63kcal/mol and -51.81±9.94kcal/mol respectively with Zanubrutinib engaging in peculiar hydrogen bond interactions with the hinge residues Glu475 and Met477 including Asn484, and Tyr485 whiles AS-1763 engaged Lys430, Asp539, and Arg525. These residues contributed the most towards the free total binding energy with energies above -1.0kcal/mol. The compounds further interacted differentially with other binding site residues through pi-alkyl, pi-cation, pi-anion, pi-pi-T-shaped, pi-sigma, pi-sulfur and pi-donor hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions. These interactions resulted in differential fluctuations of the residues with consequential unfolding of the protein.

Conclusion:
Insights herein would be useful in guiding the discovery of more selective and potent small molecules.
Clinical Patterns of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Comparison Between
Two European Case Series
Authors: Abenavoli Ludovico , Procopio Anna Caterina , Cinaglia Pietro , Zanza Christian , Grazie Claudio Delle , Longhitano Yaroslava , Libicherova Pavla , Luzza Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterized by progressive destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts, followed by fibrous substitution of the ducts and potential evolution in cirrhosis. The geographical disparity in the preva-lence of PBC suggests a possible role of environmental factors in developing the disease. We ana-lyzed two groups of patients with different geographical prevalence.

Methods:
This study concerned the analysis of 14 Caucasian patients in two groups: ten patients en-rolled in the Digestive Diseases Unit, University of Catanzaro (Italy), and four patients enrolled in the Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Kràlovskè Vinohrady of Prague (Czech Repub-lic). The statistical analysis was performed using the software IBM SPSS (v. 20, Windows).

Results:
The Italian group showed a statistically significant difference in the total bilirubin values at diagnosis and during the last control (0.74±0.267 vs. 0.56±0.246; p-value: 0.013). Moreover, the comparison between the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in the serum albumin values at the time of the last control (4.6±0.231 vs. 4.15±0.532; p-value: 0.048).

Conclusion:
Our data indicate an effective difference in the onset and clinical presentation between our two groups. More epidemiologic, prospective, and multicenter research projects are warranted to advance PBC knowledge in Europe.
Characterization of Functionalized PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Mangiferin
and Lupeol, and their Effect on BEAS-2B and HepG2 Cell Lines
Authors: Fabián Razura-Carmona Francisco , Mayra Herrera-Martínez , Manuel Zamora-Gasga Víctor , Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi Sonia , Alejandro Pérez-Larios , Alberto Sánchez-Burgos Jorge 
Published: June 2022

:
Lupeol (LP) and Mangiferin (MG) have beneficial effects on health. However, their pharmacokinetic properties
can affect their bioavailability when administered orally. Therefore, their incorporation as a vehicle in a hybrid
matrix of ZnO and PLGA could contribute to improving bioavailability

Methods:
This study aimed to develop this matrix and evaluate the optical and bioactive properties obtained by the
solvent emulsion and evaporation methods. These were subjected to processes to evaluate their bioactivity in relation
with topoisomerase.

Results:
Functionalized treatment number 15 (TF15) showed the best results in studies of controlled release and encapsulation
efficiency of lupeol (LP) and mangiferin (MG) (60.01 ± 1.24% and 57.71 ± 1.94%). The best treatment
showed behavior as a topoisomerase II inhibitor (18.60 ± 1.55). The nanoparticles developed in this study did not show
a cytotoxic effect on BEAS-2B, while HepG2, showed a decrease in viability (IC50 1549.96 ± 174.62 μg/mL). However,
although the hemolytic activity is not shown after 1 h of exposure, morphological alterations caused by TF15 are
observed at concentrations of 2500 and 1250 μg/mL.

Conclusion:
The TF15 treatment shown maintaining antitopoisomerasa activity does and does not cytotoxixity for
healthy cells and slows down the growth of cancer cells.
Tivozanib: A New Hope for Treating Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chawla Pooja A. , Passi Indu , Billowria Koushal , Kumar Bhupinder 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a diverse collection of malignancies with varying histological
characteristics, molecular changes, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Tivozanib was first approved in March 2021
by USFDA with the brand name Fotivda. Tivozanib hydrochloride monohydrate is an oral medication that is used to
treat relapsed or refractory renal cell carcinoma.

Objective:
In this review, we explain renal cell carcinoma and its different types of treatment by the anti-renal carcinoma
drugs.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the relevant databases, like ScienceDirect, PubMed,
ResearchGate, and Google Scholar, to identify the studies.

Conclusion:
Tivozanib is an oral VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is extremely
selective and powerful. It has much less affinity for other receptor tyrosine kinases than multi-targeted TKIs now in
clinical use. Because of its long half-life in circulation, it may be able to block VEGFRs more consistently. Doserelated
controllable hypertension is its most commonly seen drug-related side event. Fatigue, hoarseness, and diarrhea,
which are all common side effects, are not dose-related. Because of its target specificity, tivozanib can work well with
other medications that have low side effects. Blocking both the VEGF and mTOR signaling pathways at the same time
provides the benefit of synergistic antitumor efficacy while also preventing treatment resistance. Thus, overall we can
say that the drug tivozanib is suitable for treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma and can be investigated in
multi-center clinical trials.
Bcl11a and the Correlated Key Genes Ascribable to Globin Switching: An
In-silico Study
Authors: Modarressi Mohammad Hossein , Motlagh Fatemeh Movahedi , Soleimanpour-Lichaei Hamid Reza , Emami Ali , Kadkhoda Sepideh , Shamsara Mehdi , Rasti Azam 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Reactivation of HbF is a potential strategy to ameliorate symptoms of hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease and b-thalassemia. After birth, there is a switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin, for which the molecular mechanisms and key regulators await further understanding in order to develop effective methods for HbF reactivation. BCL11A, one of the major HbF reactivation regulators, demonstrates no significant changes at transcriptional levels in F erythroblasts compared to the non-HbF expressing cells. Therefore, it is possible that post-transcriptional regulation and epigenetic effects, for which the miRNAs play an important role, are the primary causes of the decreased BCL11A protein level in adult erythroblasts.

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to determine the differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs of erythroblasts in HSCs from the fetal liver and bone marrow.

Methods:
Raw high-throughput sequencing data (GSE110936, GSE90878) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After RNAseq analysis, several data sets and tools were used to select key genes and examine selection validation.

Results:
We selected 42 DEmRNAs and nine DEmiRs, including hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-92a-3p, hsa-miR-25-3p and hsa-miR-191-5p. Furthermore, hub genes including hist1h2bl, al133243.2, trim58, abcc13, bpgm, and fam210b were identified in the coexpression network, as well as RPS27A in the PPI network. Functional analysis revealed that these DEmRNAs and DEmiRs may play a role in gene expression regulation at multiple levels. Gene set enrichment analysis, in particular, revealed a possible role for genes in the globin switching process.

Conclusion:
According to our findings, a number of the DEmRNAs and DEmiRs may play significant roles in globin switching regulation and thus have the potential to be applied for HbF reactivation.
Treatment of Dissociated Vertical Deviation by Combined Recession–Resection of the Superior Rectus Muscle versus Recession with Posterior Fixation Suture
Authors: Mattout Hala K. , Fouda Sameh M. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Management of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is still a matter of controversy in strabismus practice. Different surgical techniques are available, ranging from the weakening of the superior rectus or inferior oblique muscles to strengthening of the inferior rectus muscle, with variable success rates.

Objective:
To report the outcomes of correcting DVD by combined recession-resection of the superior rectus muscle and to compare the results with those of superior rectus muscle (SR) recession with posterior fixation sutures.

Methods:
The medical records of patients who had a surgical correction for DVD were retrospectively reviewed. Two groups of patients were identified; Group I (29 patients) was treated with the combined recession –resection of the SR and group II (37 patients) was treated by SR recession with posterior fixation sutures (Faden). Collected preoperative data included age, best-corrected visual acuity, presence of amblyopia, history of previous surgeries and angle of DVD. Operative data such as amount of SR recession and operative time were also extracted. The outcome measures taken at the final postoperative follow up visit included the surgical success rate which is identified as the percentage of patients with absent manifest DVD and the amount of residual latent deviation measured by prism cover test.

Results:
The mean follow-up period for all patients was 22.6 ±4.6 months. In the last follow-up visit, the surgical success rate was 76% in the combined recession-resection group and 73% in the faden group with no significant difference between both groups (p=0.8). No significant difference was found in the residual latent deviation in both groups as well. The recorded surgical time was significantly shorter in the combined recession- resection group (p<0.001). The reported complications included mild, temporary limitation of elevation without hypotropia in 5 patients (2 in group I (7%) and 3 patients in group II (8%)) with no significant difference between both groups (p=0.8).

Conclusion:
Combined recession-resection of SR is as effective as SR recession with posterior fixation suture in the management of DVD with the advantages of easier technique and less surgical time.