bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Ensemble of Surrogate Models by Minimum Screening Index
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Pang Yong , Liang Pengwei , Song Xueguan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ensemble of surrogate models has attracted more and more attention due to their more stable performance than individual models. This work proposes a novel adaptive ensemble of surrogate models based on the minimum screening index. Constructing the screening index to realize the definition and elimination of a global poor model to further update the model library. Compared with the cross-validation error, this index presents better reliability in the model library update. The baseline model is determined by the minimum screening index to further propose a new weight calculation strategy based on this baseline model; 35 test functions are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The results show that this model presents better accuracy and robustness than the individual surrogates and the other ensemble of surrogate models. More importantly, in engineering applications, the same results are also obtained, indicating that the proposed model has a higher priority than the other ensemble of surrogate models. This effective model gives a new way for the design of engineering problems.
A Novel Morphing Propeller System Inspired by Origami-Based Structure
Authors: Ye Kan , Ji J.C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
For a standard propeller system, the thrust output and the energy dissipation are proportionally dependent on its rotating speed, as its physical characteristics and working conditions are normally fixed during its operation. In order to improve the system performance and meet special application requirements, this paper presents the design of a novel two-stage propeller system with a morphing blade structure for higher thrust output and energy efficiency in operations. Based on the stacked Miura-ori (SMO) pattern, an origami-based structure is designed to enable a change in blade length for a propeller system and thus improve the system performance. The unique snap-through feature of the proposed origami structure is utilized to provide a two-stage working condition according to its rotating speed. The geometric parameter analysis of the SMO structure is first investigated, specifically focusing on the operating mechanism due to the snap-through behavior. Then, the implementation of the SMO structure into a rotating system is studied. The effects of design parameters on the critical transition points, which correspond to two operating states of the proposed propeller system, are numerically discussed. The simulation results confirm the performance improvement in the thrust output and energy-saving. The feasibility of using origami-based structures provides valuable insights into more applications in similar domains, such as fan system and wind turbine blades.
Atomic Force Microscope Study of Friction at the Submicron-Scale During Tribotests With Self-Mated Steel
Authors: Reichelt Manuel , Cappella Brunero 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Friction at the microscale during reciprocal sliding tribotests was studied for the first time with self-mated steel (100Cr6/AISI 52100) taking advantage of an atomic force microscope (AFM). To this aim, microsized steel particles were glued to the AFM-cantilever and employed as colloidal tips to perform tribotests on a steel disc. The torsion of the cantilever, which correlates with the friction force, was measured during the tests. Due to the irregular shape of the test particles and their wear, it is not possible to calibrate the torsional response of the cantilever and absolute quantification of the friction force cannot be achieved. Nevertheless, the model system used in the presented measurements is more representative of the tribology of real mechanical tribo-elements than already studied systems, in which for example only one tribopartner is worn. Few tests with the same load did not yield any wear and show that the load and adhesion contributions to friction stay constant when the shape of the test particle does not change. Most of the presented tribotests engendered wear. For those tests, the increase of friction during the tribotests was detected and was attributed to the emerging plowing contribution. Furthermore, analysis of both torsion and local slope experienced by the cantilever during the tests gives information on the creation of wear particles and their influence on friction.
The Effects of Number and Separation of Support Lines on the Size, Velocity, and Smoothness of Handwriting
Authors: Duiser Ivonne H.F. , Ledebt Annick , van der Kamp John , Savelsbergh Geert J.P. 
Published: April 2022

We examined the effects of number of and separation between support lines on handwriting characteristics of primary school students with satisfactory and unsatisfactory handwriting. Students (mean age 7.9 years) copied a text on paper with a baseline and with two or four support lines with a separation of 3 or 4 mm between the central lines. Handwriting size, velocity, and smoothness were determined for the four conditions relative to baseline. Children with unsatisfactory handwriting wrote larger and had more lifts during baseline condition. Writing between support lines, especially with small separation, immediately reduced the size of handwriting, but also adversely affected velocity and smoothness. Future research is needed to assess long-term effects.
The Importance of the Leaders’ and Coaches’ Motivating Style for Sports Club Members’ Motivation to Participate in Organized Sports: Study of Trickle-Down Effects
Authors: De Clerck Tom , Willem Annick , Morbée Sofie , Van Dyck Delfien , Haerens Leen 
Published: April 2022

A considerable amount of research based on self-determination theory has provided evidence for the pivotal role of the coaches’ motivating style in predicting sports club members’ motivation to participate in organized sports. This study also investigated the importance of the sports club leaders’ motivating style for members’ motivation. Specifically, it focused on the relation between the leaders’ motivating style and members’ motivation via the coaches’ motivating style (i.e., trickle-down effect), hereby relying on the perceptions of sports club members (N = 210). Results pointed to the existence of a trickle-down effect, showing that the leaders’ motivating style was reflected in the coaches’ motivating style, which in turn related positively to members’ autonomous motivation and negatively to members’ amotivation. This study provides a proof of principle of the trickle-down effect in sports clubs, urging researchers to further explore this effect in the sports context.
Use of tocilizumab and sarilumab alone or in combination with corticosteroids for covid-19: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zeraatkar Dena , Cusano Ellen , Martínez Juan Pablo Díaz , Qasim Anila , Mangala Sophia , Kum Elena , Bartoszko Jessica Julia , Devji Tahira , Agoritsas Thomas , Guyatt Gordon , Izcovich Ariel , Khamis Assem M , Lamontagne Francois , Rochwerg Bram , Vandvik Per , Brignardello-Petersen Romina , Siemieniuk Reed Alexander Cunningham 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of interleukin 6 receptor blockers, tocilizumab and sarilumab, with or without corticosteroids, on mortality in patients with covid-19.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesWorld Health Organization covid-19 database, a comprehensive multilingual source of global covid-19 literature, and two prospective meta-analyses (up to 9 June 2021).Review methodsTrials in which people with suspected, probable, or confirmed covid-19 were randomised to interleukin 6 receptor blockers (with or without corticosteroids), corticosteroids, placebo, or standard care. The analysis used a bayesian framework and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Results from the fixed effect meta-analysis were used for the primary analysis.ResultsOf 45 eligible trials (20 650 patients) identified, 36 (19 350 patients) could be included in the network meta-analysis. Of 36 trials, 27 were at high risk of bias, primarily due to lack of blinding. Tocilizumab, in combination with corticosteroids, suggested a reduction in the risk of death compared with corticosteroids alone (odds ratio 0.79, 95% credible interval 0.70 to 0.88; 35 fewer deaths per 1000 people, 95% credible interval 52 fewer to 18 fewer per 1000; moderate certainty of evidence), as did sarilumab in combination with corticosteroids, compared with corticosteroids alone (0.73, 0.58 to 0.92; 43 fewer per 1000, 73 fewer to 12 fewer; low certainty). Tocilizumab and sarilumab, each in combination with corticosteroids, appeared to have similar effects on mortality when compared with each other (1.07, 0.86 to 1.34; eight more per 1000, 20 fewer to 35 more; low certainty). The effects of tocilizumab (1.12, 0.91 to 1.38; 20 more per 1000, 16 fewer to 59 more; low certainty) and sarilumab (1.07, 0.81 to 1.40; 11 more per 1000, 38 fewer to 55 more; low certainty), when used alone, suggested an increase in the risk of death.ConclusionThese findings suggest that in patients with severe or critical covid-19, tocilizumab, in combination with corticosteroids, probably reduces mortality, and that sarilumab, in combination with corticosteroids, might also reduce mortality. Tocilizumab and sarilumab, in combination with corticosteroids, could have similar effectiveness. Tocilizumab and sarilumab, when used alone, might not be beneficial.
AVOID; a phase III, randomised controlled trial using indocyanine green for the prevention of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery
Authors: Meijer Ruben P J , Faber Robin A , Bijlstra Okker D , Braak Jeffrey P B M , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg Elma , Putter Hein , Mieog J Sven D , Burggraaf Koos , Vahrmeijer Alexander L , Hilling Denise E 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionAnastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the major complications after colorectal surgery. Compromised tissue perfusion at the anastomosis site increases the risk of AL. Several cohort studies have shown that indocyanine green (ICG) combined with fluorescent near-infrared imaging is a feasible and reproducible technique for real-time intraoperative imaging of tissue perfusion, leading to reduced leakage rates after colorectal resection. Unfortunately, these studies were not randomised. Therefore, we propose a randomised controlled trial to assess the value of ICG-guided surgery in reducing AL after colorectal surgery.Methods and analysisA multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial will be conducted to assess the benefit of ICG-guided surgery in preventing AL. A total of 978 patients scheduled for colorectal surgery will be included. Patients will be randomised between the Fluorescence Guided Bowel Anastomosis group and the Conventional Bowel Anastomosis group. The primary endpoint is clinically relevant AL (defined as requiring active therapeutic intervention or reoperation) within 90 days after surgery. Among the secondary endpoints are 30-day clinically relevant AL, all-cause postoperative complications, all-cause and AL-related mortality, surgical and non-surgical reinterventions, total surgical time, length of hospital stay and all-cause and AL-related readmittance.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee Leiden-Den Haag-Delft (METC-LDD) and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and trialregister.nl. The results of this study will be reported through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04712032; NL7502.
Quality of clinical practice guidelines for inadequate response to first-line treatment for depression according to AGREE II checklist and comparison of recommendations: a systematic review
Authors: Gabriel Franciele Cordeiro , Stein Airton Tetelbom , de Melo Daniela Oliveira , Henrique Fontes-Mota Géssica Caroline , dos Santos Itamires Benício , de Oliveira Aliandra Fantinell , Fráguas Renério , Ribeiro Eliane 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo assess similarities and differences in the recommended sequence of strategies among the most relevant clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of depression in adults with inadequate response to first-line treatment.Data sourcesWe performed a systematic review of the literature spanning January 2011 to August 2020 in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and 12 databases recognised as CPGs repositories. CPGs quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II).Study selectionThe eligibility criteria were CPGs that described pharmacological recommendations for treating depression for individuals aged 18 years or older in outpatient care setting. We included CPGs considered of high-quality (≥80% in domain 3 of AGREE II) or recognised as clinically relevant.Data extractionTwo independent researchers extracted recommendations for patients who did not respond to first-line pharmacological treatment from the selected CPGs.ResultsWe included 46 CPGs and selected 8, of which 5 were considered high quality (≥80% in domain 3 of AGREE II) and 3 were recognised as clinically relevant. Three CPGs did not define inadequate response to treatment and 3 did not establish a clear sequence of strategies. The duration of treatment needed to determine that a patient had not responded was not explicit in 3 CPGs and was discordant in 5 CPGs. Most CPGs agree in reassessing the diagnosis, assessing the presence of comorbidities, adherence to treatment, and increase dosage as first steps. All CPGs recommend psychotherapy, switching antidepressants, and considering augmentation/combining antidepressants.ConclusionRelevant CPGs present shortcomings in recommendations for non-responders to first-line antidepressant treatment including absence and divergencies in definition of inadequate response and sequence of recommended strategies. Overall, most relevant CPGs recommend reassessing the diagnosis, evaluate comorbidities, adherence to treatment, increase dosage of antidepressants, and psychotherapy as first steps.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016043364.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the adult population in western China and the association with socioeconomic and individual factors: four cross-sectional studies
Authors: Xu Xinyin , Zeng Jing , Yang Wei , Dong Ting , Zhang Xin , Cheng Shuwen , Zhou Xiaobo , Zhou Maigeng , Niu Ling , Yi Guanghui , Li You , Zhang Lishi , Deng Yin , Wu Xianping 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesThis study explored the prevalence of and individual influencing factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) as well as associated socioeconomic factors and regional aggregation.DesignFour cross-sectional surveys were analysed for trends in MS and associations with socioeconomic and individual factors through multilevel logistic regression analyses. The risk associated with nutrient intake was also assessed through a dietary survey in 2015.SettingFrom 2010 to 2018, 8–15 counties/districts of West China were included.ParticipantsA total of 28 274 adults were included in the prevalence analysis. A total of 23 708 adults were used to analyse the related factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MS ranged from 21.4% to 27.8% over the 8 years, remaining basically stable within the 95% CI. Our study found that the urbanisation rate and hospital beds per 1000 people were positively associated with MS, and the number of doctors in healthcare institutions per 1000 persons was negatively associated with MS. The ORs for females, people with college education and higher and unmarried or single people were 1.49, 0.67 and 0.51, respectively (p<0.05). The ORs of people who smoked at least 20 cigarettes/day, ate more than 100 g of red meat/day, consumed fruit or vegetable juice and drank carbonated soft drinks less than weekly were 1.10, 1.16, 1.19–1.27 and 0.81–0.84, respectively. The ORs rose with increasing sedentary time and decreased with higher physical activity.ConclusionThe high burden of MS, unreasonable proportions of energy and micronutrient intake and low percentage of high levels of physical activity were the major challenges to public health in western China. Improving the human resources component of medical services, such as the number of doctors, increasing the availability of public sports facilities and E-health tools and improving individual dietary quality and education might help prevent MS.
Pandemic experiences of family physicians infected with the COVID-19: a qualitative study
Authors: Efeoğlu İbrahim Efe , Kılınçarslan Ömür 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesFamily physicians are usually patients’ first point of contact with primary healthcare. This study aims to understand the experiences of family physicians who were infected with the COVID-19 and started working again.Study design and settingThis qualitative study was conducted on 18 different family health centres in Adana. Data collection was performed through 18 interviews, each lasting an average of 46.6 min. The data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method.ParticipantsThe study included 18 family physicians (9 women and 9 men), and there were no significant differences between them by gender or seniority.ResultsThe results of the study have shown that family physicians who were infected with the COVID-19 and started working again have experienced high levels of anxiety at work. In addition, due to the fear of being reinfected, family physicians’ social relations with their colleagues have decreased. The results are discussed under two themes: anxieties and social relationships.ConclusionIn primary healthcare services, family physicians play a vital role during the pandemic. Many family physicians either lost their lives or got infected with the virus, recovered and worked in difficult conditions for a long time. Understanding the experiences of family physicians during the pandemic when they underwent COVID-19 and after they recovered could help to protect their psychological health and improve their work conditions.
Minimising the biases in the observational study of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: a research protocol for a prospective study analysed with propensity score matching with time-varying covariates
Authors: Matsumura Yosuke , Shiraishi Atsushi , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been used as a bridge to definitive bleeding control of subdiaphragmatic injury. Since previous observational studies have poorly adjusted for confounding factors, it is necessary to incorporate REBOA-specific and time-varying covariates in the model. We hypothesised that REBOA improves the survival of haemodynamically unstable torso trauma patients after comparing the REBOA group with a matched control group (non-REBOA group).Methods and analysisThe Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma-REBOA Study is a prospective, multicentre, matched cohort study organised by the Clinical Trial Committee of the Japanese Association for the Surgery of Trauma. To minimise observational study biases, this study will prospectively register traumatic shock patients who require bleeding control within 60 min upon arrival at the emergency department, with in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome. After the data set is fixed, the missing values for all variables will be imputed using the multiple imputation technique. In the primary analysis, propensity scores for the probability of REBOA decision (regardless of the actual REBOA deployment) will be calculated from the baseline information using a logistic regression generalised linear mixed-effects model, which will be performed for both the REBOA use and non-REBOA use groups.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committee of each participating hospital. The results will be disseminated to the participating hospitals, submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and presented at congresses.Trial registration numberUMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000035458).
Human factors applications in the design of decision support systems for population health: a scoping review
Authors: Vasquez Holland Marie , Pianarosa Emilie , Sirbu Renee , Diemert Lori M , Cunningham Heather V , Donmez Birsen , Rosella Laura C 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPublic health professionals engage in complex cognitive tasks, often using evidence-based decision support tools to bolster their decision-making. Human factors methods take a user-centred approach to improve the design of systems, processes, and interfaces to better support planning and decision-making. While human factors methods have been applied to the design of clinical health tools, these methods are limited in the design of tools for population health. The objective of this scoping review is to develop a comprehensive understanding of how human factors techniques have been applied in the design of population health decision support tools.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will follow the methodology and framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. We include English-language documents between January 1990 and August 2021 describing the development, validation or application of human factors principles to decision support tools in population health. The search will include Ovid MEDLINE: Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily and Ovid MEDLINE 1946–present; EMBASE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Compendex, IEEE Xplore and Inspec. The results will be integrated into Covidence. First, the abstract of all identified articles will be screened independently by two reviewers with disagreements being resolved by a third reviewer. Next, the full text for articles identified asincludeorinconclusivewill be reviewed by two independent reviewers, leading to a final decision regarding inclusion. Reference lists of included articles will be manually screened to identify additional studies. Data will be extracted by one reviewer, verified by a second, and presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this work as human participants are not involved. The completed review will be published in a peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal.
Cancer in deceased adults with intellectual disabilities: English population-based study using linked data from three sources
Authors: Heslop Pauline , Cook Adam , Sullivan Brian , Calkin Rachel , Pollard Johanna , Byrne Victoria 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo improve our understanding of cancer in adults with intellectual disabilities.DesignPopulation-based study using linked data about deceased adults from the Learning (Intellectual) Disabilities Mortality Review (LeDeR) programme, the national cancer registry and NHS Digital.SettingEngland.Participants1096 adults with intellectual disabilities identified by the LeDeR programme who died between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019.Outcome measureAny form of cancer listed as a long-term health condition by a LeDeR reviewer or 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases codes C00–D49 included on Parts I or II of the Medical Certificate of Cause of Death.ResultsIn decedents with intellectual disabilities and cancer, more than a third (35%; n=162) had cancer diagnosed via emergency presentations. Almost half (45%; n=228) of cancers were at stage IV when diagnosed. More than a third (36%; n=309) of underlying causes of deaths were of cancers of the digestive system; almost half of these (48%; n=147) were cancer of the colon, rectum or anus. Of those who died with colorectal cancer, 43% were below the age threshold for colorectal screening.ConclusionsIn decedents with intellectual disabilities, symptoms suggestive of cancer had tended to be identified most frequently as an emergency and at a late stage. There is a need for greater awareness of symptoms of cancer in this population, a lower threshold for referral by General Practitioners (GPs), accelerated access to diagnosis and treatment and consideration paid to lowering the age for colorectal screening.