bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effect of low-dose minocycline on brain microvascular ultrastructure in a rodent model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Authors: de Carrillo Daria Gendosz , Student Sebastian , Bula Daniel , Mielańczyk Łukasz , Jędrzejowska-Szypułka Halina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The multifaceted nature of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) pathogenesis is poorly understood, to date, no pharmacological agent has been found to be efficacious for the prevention of brain injury when used for acute SAH intervention. This study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of low-dose neuroprotective agent minocycline on brain microvascular ultrastructures which are not studied in detail. We studied SAH brain injury using in vivo pre-chiasmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage rodent model. We analyzed the qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural morphology of capillaries and surrounding neuropil in the rodent brains with SAH and/or minocycline administration. Here, we report that low-dose minocycline (1 mg/kg) displayed protective effects on capillaries and surrounding cells from significant SAH-induced changes. Ultrastructural morphology analysis revealed also that the minocycline stopped endothelial cells from abnormal production of vacuoles and vesicles, that compromise BBB transcellular transport. The reported ultrastructural abnormalities as well as neuroprotective effects of minocycline during SAH were not directly mediated by inhibition of MMP-2, MMP-9, or EMMPRIN. However, SAH brain tissue treated with minocycline was protected from development of other morphological features associated with oxidative stress and the presence of immune cells in the perivascular space. These data advance the knowledge on the SAH effect on the ultrastructure of brain tissue in the SAH rodent model and the neuroprotective effect of minocycline when administered in low-doses.
Supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri isolated from red jungle fowl along with mannanoligosaccaride improves growth performance, immune response and gut health in broiler Chicken
Authors: JaiswaL Sudhir Kumar , Tomar Simi , Saxena Vishesh , S Balraj , Uniyal Sandeep 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri isolated from the intestine of red jungle fowl along with mannanoligosaccride (MOS) on growth performance, intestinal microbial count, immunity and expression of growth and immune related genes in broiler chicken. Lactobacillus reuteri was isolated from in the GIT tract of red jungle fowl and was utilized for growth bioassay in broiler. For this total 360 CARIBRO-Vishal broiler chicks were weighed individually and randomly allocated to nine treatment groups, each having five replicates with eight chicks in each following complete randomized block design (CRD). The experiment was conducted for 6 weeks duration. The nine treatment groups were control fed basal diet (T1), basal diet + Antibiotic growth promoter, bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) @20mg/kg feed (T2), basal diet + commercial probiotic @ 0.1 g/kg feed (T3), basal diet + Lab isolated Lactobacillus reuteri @ 1x106 CFU/g of fermented feed (T4), basal diet + Lab isolated Lactobacillus reuteri @ 1x107 CFU/g of fermented feed (T5), basal diet + Lab isolated Lactobacillus reuteri @ 1x108 CFU/g of fermented feed (T6), basal diet + Lab isolated Lactobacillus reuteri @ 1x106 CFU/g of fermented + 0.1% MOS (T7), basal diet + Lab isolated Lactobacillus reuteri @ 1x107 CFU/g of fermented + 0.1% MOS (T8), basal diet + Lab isolated Lactobacillus reuteri @ 1x108 CFU/g of fermented feed + 0.1% MOS (T9). 20% of daily basal ration for broiler chicken was autoclaved and inoculated with 15% of Lactobacillus isolate broth culture having a viable count of 106, 107, and 108 CFU/ml and fermented at 37°C for 24 h before adding to daily ration afresh and was mixed well. Results of the present study revealed T9 group supplemented with Lab isolated Lactobaillus reuteri at the dose of 1x108 CFU/g along with 0.1% MOS significantly (P < 0.05) improves body weight, body weight gain, immune response both humoral and cell mediated without effecting the feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Also the pathogenic bacteria count (Salmonella and E.coli) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the GIT of T9 group as compared to other groups. The significantly (p < 0.05) higher relative expression of growth related genes, IGF-1 and IGF-1R and immune related gene, IL-6 whereas IL-10 and TLR-4 expression were significantly (P < 0.05) down regulated in T9 group (Lab isolated Lactobacillus reuteri @ 1x108 CFU/g of fermented feed + 0.1% MOS). So, it can be concluded from the present study that lactobacillus reuteri isolated for the GIT of the red jungle fowl along with MOS is effective in improving the growth performance, immune response and gut health of commercial CARIBRO-Vishal broiler chicken.
Effects of Direct Health Facility Financing on Health System Performance and How It Is Implemented in the Public Primary Health Facilities in Tanzania: A non-controlled before and after mixed method study.
Authors: Kapologwe Ntuli , Ruhago George , Kibusi Stephen , Samky Hendry , Mtei Gemini , Kengia James , Malima Sarah , Kalolo Albino 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: In Tanzania, the introduction of Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF) is viewed as one of the innovative health sector reform initiatives, with the main focus of improving quality of health services provision. DHFF empowers primary health care actors’ autonomy in decision making to improve health system performance in the stride forward to reach Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of DHFF on health system performance and how it is implemented in the Public Primary Health Facilities (PPHFs) in Tanzania.Methods: This study used a non-controlled before- after convergent mixed-method study design, with a process evaluation embedded at midline, in data collection and analysis. The study was conducted between January 2018 and September 2019. Quantitative data collection was done through administration of questionnaire to 844 existing patients and 238 Health care workers in 42 Public Primary Health Facilities of seven regions whereas qualitative data was collected using semi-structured individual interview guide for 14-indepth interviews with health facility in-charges, members of health facility governance committee, district medical officers and district DHFF coordinators and 7 Focus Group Discussions with service providers and users representatives. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse quantitative data whereas a thematic analytical approach was used for qualitative data.Results: A total of 844 patients were studied on seven domains of Health System Responsiveness (HSR) both in the before and after studies. All domains of HSR were found to have positive significant difference between baseline and end-line except for two domains i.e., confidentiality and communication. Also, of all 42 investigated public primary health facilities. Majority (88.9%) of Dispensaries and 60% of Health Centres were below the required staffing level. There were significant differences on structural quality of maternal health services before-and-after studies with scoring 2.38% and 30.9% respectively. Moreover, there were significant differences in all indicators after DHFF introduction except those for IPT-2, use of modern family planning methods and Mebendazole consumption. Furthermore, about 238 health care providers were studied on the Fidelity of Implementation (FoI), of whom about 76% had knowledge on DHFF initiative implementation issues. However, only 28% had high FoI. Conclusion: In general, it is clear that, DHFF have had an effect on the health system performance. FoI was low despite training been offered to HCPs (Health Care Providers), this calls for more investment on this aspect so that to have a resilient health system.
Long-term outcomes of CO 2 laser cauterization for 238 children congenital pyriform sinus fistula
Authors: Long Ting , Liu Yuwei , Tai Jun , Zhang Jie , Li Yanzhen , Zhang Xuexi , Liu Zhiyong , Wang Shengcai , Ni Xin , Liu Qiaoyin , Sun Nian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single CO2 laser cauterization management for children CPSF, we collected patients underwent CO2 laser cauterization for internal fistula and accessed the long-term outcomes.Methods: Retrospective and single-center study was conducted. Microlaryngoscopy management of CO2 laser cauterization was implemented to children with CPSF to the end point as internal fistula completely closed through one or several procedures. After the standard therapeutic strategy, all patients received return visits at regular interval. Here we tested and summarized the predicting factors for effect modification and the medium and long-term outcomes. Results: We totally enrolled 238 patients cured by once or several operations of CO2 laser cauterization, with 149 (62.6%) needed one operation. The median follow-up time was 3.45 ± 1.37 years (ranging from 1.04 to 6.38 years). There were only 3 (1.26%) patients got relapse of neck infection. Throughout, none patients suffered permanent complications. We also found that the age at the first operation of CO2 laser cauterization was proved to be an independent risk factor associated with the operation frequency, in contrast to the previous therapeutic measures such as open neck surgery or incision and drainage. Conclusions: Our study found that the therapeutic strategy of CO2 laser cauterization for children CPSF showed low recurrence rate and few complications. Additionally, it suggested that the CO2 laser cauterization could be implemented to children once diagnosis confirmed without age limit. These confirm that the single CO2 laser cauterization can be a preferred first-line treatment option for children CPSF.
Investigation of neomycin biodegradation conditions using ericoid mycorrhizal and white rot fungal species
Authors: Stenholm Åke , Hedeland Mikael , Pettersson Curt 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the search for methods to biodegrade recalcitrant compounds, the use of saprotrophic fungi and white rot fungi, in particular belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, has gained interest. This group of fungi possesses a battery of unspecific extracellular enzymes that can be utilized in the biodegradation of preferably phenolic compounds. In this work, it was investigated under which conditions the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor and the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoscyphus ericae (belonging to the phylum Ascomycota) could be used to biodegrade the antibiotic aminoglycoside neomycin at co-metabolic conditions in which external nutrients were supplied. Furthermore, it was also investigated whether a biodegradation could be accomplished using neomycin as the sole nutrient. At selected conditions, the biodegradation of neomycin using Rhizoscyphus ericae was monitored by oxidation products of D-ribose which is a hydrolysis product of neomycin. The results show that both species can biodegrade neomycin 70% under co-metabolic conditions during an one-week time course and that Rhizoscyphus ericae is able to use neomycin as sole nutrient and to approximatively biodegrade it 60% under chosen non co-metabolic conditions. The results are of general interest in the search for fungal species that can biodegrade recalcitrant compounds without the need of external nutrients. The key future application area that will be investigated is purification of waste from recombinant protein production in which neomycin, nutrients and E. coli with neomycin resistance genes are present.
Development and validation of a new multiplex for upgrading Y-STRs population databases from 12 to 23 markers and its forensic casework application
Authors: Navarro-López Belén , Baeta Miriam , Granizo-Rodríguez Eva , Moreno-López Olatz , Kleinbielen Tamara , Ferragut Joana Francesca , Picornell Antònia , de Pancorbo Marian M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are used in forensic investigations as a useful complementary tool to autosomal markers. The ongoing development of new kits with an increasing number of markers makes it necessary to update populations typed in the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database to reach at least 23 Y-STRs. A novel Y-STR multiplex panel was developed to offer a cost-efficient alternative to update Y-STR haplotypes from 12 to 23 loci. This panel includes the eleven markers, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, Y-GATA H4, DYS576, DYS481, DYS549, DYS533, DYS570 and DYS643, as well as DYS385a/b for traceability purpose. Developmental validation of this panel was conducted following the recommendations of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), showing high sensitivity, tolerance to common inhibitors as well as high species specificity. It was efficient for degraded DNA samples and for detection of male mixtures. When applying it for extending the current data of the Ibiza population, both the discrimination capacity and the haplotype diversity increased from 0.5952 to 0.9048 and from 0.9808 to 0.9977, respectively. Together, the study demonstrates the suitability of this panel in forensic casework.
Asymmetrical radiological changes in the Paraspinal muscles in patients with idiopathic scoliosis: Prospective study
Authors: Zaghloul Khaled M , Sobh Donia M , Deniwar Mohamed Adel , Awad Basem Ibrahim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the CT and MRI appearance of theparaspinous muscles in patients with idiopathic scoliosis comparing both the convex and concave sides of the curve. The relation between the degrees of muscular abnormality and the Cobb angle is also assessed.Methods18 patients with idiopathic scoliosis were referred to Mansoura university hospital clinics in the period from September 2015 to February 2017. This observational prospective study includes patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Patients with secondary scoliosis due to other abnormalities were not included in this study. Verbal consent was obtained from the patient’s parents and institutional Board review acceptance at Mansoura University was done.ResultsBoth MRI and CT demonstrated the atrophy of the paraspinous muscles in patients with AIS in the form of reduction in the size of the muscle fibers, T1 & T2 hyperintenities within the muscle fibers by MRI and low density within the muscles fibers by CT as well as widening of the fatty spaces between the muscle bundles. Assessing the paraspinal muscles along the whole spine, we found that in all patients, the atrophic changes were more pronounced at the apex of the curve.ConclusionCT and MRI are effective non-invasive modalities to assess the changes in the paraspinal muscles. They demonstrate atrophic changes and fatty degeneration of the paraspinal muscles, more evident at the concave side of the apex of the primary curve. The degree of fatty degeneration is proportional with the Cobb’s angle.
Automated lung ultrasound image assessment using artificial intelligence to identify fluid overload in dialysis patients
Authors: TAN Grace Feng Ling , Du Tiehua , LIU Justin Shuang , CHAI Chung Cheen , Nyein Chan Maung , LIU Allen Yan Lun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Fluid assessment is challenging, and fluid overload poses a significant problem among dialysis patients, with pulmonary oedema being the most serious consequence. Our study aims to develop a simple objective fluid assessment strategy using lung ultrasound (LUS) and artificial intelligence (AI) to assess the fluid status of dialysis patients. Methods This was a single-centre study of 76 hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. The fluid status of dialysis patients was assessed via a simplified 8-point LUS method using a portable handheld ultrasound device (HHUSD), clinical examination and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). The primary outcome was the performance of 8-point LUS using a portable HHUSD in diagnosing fluid overload compared to physical examination and BIS. The secondary outcome was to develop and validate a novel AI software program to quantify B-line count and assess the fluid status of dialysis patients. Results Our study showed a moderate correlation between LUS B-line count and fluid overload assessed by clinical examination (r=0.475, p<0.001) and BIS (r=0.356. p<0.001). The use of AI to detect B-lines on LUS in our study for dialysis patients was shown to have good agreement with LUS B lines observed by physicians; (r=0.825, p<0.001) for the training dataset and (r=0.844, p<0.001) for the validation dataset. Conclusion Our study confirms that 8-point LUS using HHUSD, with AI-based detection of B lines, can provide clinically useful information on the assessment of hydration status and diagnosis of fluid overload for dialysis patients in a user-friendly and time-efficient way.
Clinical reasoning and Basic science Knowledge: Assessing the Relationship in Medical Students
Authors: Golabchi Mohammad Rasoul , Moeinzadeh Firouzeh , Heshmat-Ghahdarijani Kiyan , Najimi Arash , Omid Athar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Backgroundvarious studies have investigated the impact of basic sciences knowledge on clinical diagnosis for skilled and novice physicians but, it is still a matter of controversy why and how clinical diagnosis and clinical reasoning are related to basic sciences knowledge.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the correlation between basic science knowledge with clinical reasoning skills by evaluating the correlation between the scores of the basic sciences course with the score of the clinical reasoning exam.MethodsA clinical reasoning exam was used to evaluate the clinical reasoning skills of all medical interns of two internal medicine rotations. Scores were evaluated for correlation with the basic sciences course scores and basic sciences national comprehensive exam results. statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test, stepwise regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsAll of the basic sciences course scores and basic sciences national comprehensive exam results correlated positively significant with the total score of the clinical reasoning exam and the score of the clinical reasoning exam were most closely correlated with the average score of the basic sciences course rather than to each course individually. The only predictive factor for clinical reasoning skills is the average score of basic sciences course. No significant gender differences were observed in the data analysis.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that learning basic sciences knowledge has positive correlations with clinical reasoning skills. However, this correlation is small to moderate based on the course. Our findings support the view that learning basic science knowledge is effective in the formation of clinical reasoning skills.
Molecular identification and phylogenesis analysis of gastrointestinal nematode in different populations of Kazakh sheep
Authors: yan Xiaofei , He Sangang , Liu Yiyong , Han Bing , Zhang Ning , Deng Haifeng , Wang Yuqi , Liu Mingjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three dominant species of gastrointestinal nematodes, Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., and Teladorsagia circumcincta from the various populations of Kazakh sheep were subjected to molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequences of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was used as the target sequence and specific primers. The results showed that all the three species had their ITS-2 specific bands amplified. The infection rates based on fecal DNA were 35.59% of H. contortus, 25.55% of Trichostrongylus spp., and 11.24% of T. circumcincta respectively, and the infection rates based on larva DNA were 19.75% of H. contortus, 23.54% of Trichostrongylus spp., and 10.03% of T. circumcincta respectively. The results were consistent with the PCR results of fecal samples and larval DNA from Trichostrongylus spp. and T. circumcincta, except H. contortus. The phylogenetic tree showed that the ITS-2 sequences of the three species were on the same branch as the ITS-2 sequences of the same species in NCBI, and on different branches from those of the ITS-2 sequences of different families, genera and species. The same 93 fecal samples were analyzed by molecular identification and saturated saline solution floatation method respectively. The molecular identification of hatched larva from fecal samples exhibited an infection rate of 100.00% with respect to the three dominant species, higher than the infection rate of 96.77% by the saturated saline solution floatation method. Therefore, the present molecular identification is more reliable in specificity and accuracy of these three species.
Hofstetter’s equations overestimate the amplitude of accommodation in human eye: An analyses of 5433 subjects
Authors: Khan Sumera , Mufti Serwan Muttayab , Ali Mahboob , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose The set of Hofstetter equations is a widely used theoretical framework for predicting the temporal evolution of amplitude of accommodation (AA). However, studies have reported discrepancies between the measured values of AA and prediction from Hofstetter’s formulas. Here, the relationship between AA and age was investigated in a comprehensive cohort of subjects and compared with Hofstetter equations. Methods Based on the PRISMA strategy, an extensive online survey was performed to collect the reported values of AA as a function of age. Regression analyses were employed to derive three equations, describing the minimum, maximum and mean declining trend of the AA data with age. This set of equation was subsequently compared with the corresponding three equations from Hofstetter. Results The AA data were collected for large number of subjects (n = 5433). Subsequent analyses revealed that the AA values predicted by all three Hofstetter equations are consistently higher than the corresponding values predicted by the regression equations derived in the current study. Specifically, the intercepts and slopes for the minimum, maximum and mean of equations from Hofstetter and from this study were (15, 18.5, 25) vs. (9, 14.9, 22.4) and (-0.25, -0.3, -0.4) vs. (-0.15, -0.24, -0.35), respectively. Conclusions The findings of this study support the postulate that the Hofstetter’s equations overestimate the declining AA as function of age.