bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Secretion System of Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using an N‐terminus Residue of Human IL‐1β as Secretion Enhancer
Authors: Lee Jeewon , Choi Seong‐II , Jang Jun Sung , Jang Kiryong , Moon Jae Woong , Bae Cheon Soon , Yang Doo Suk , Seong Baik Lin 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn N‐terminus sequence of human interleukin 1β (hIL‐1β) was used as a fusion expression partner for the production of two recombinant therapeutic proteins, human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (hG‐CSF) and human growth hormone (hGH), using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host. The expression cassette comprised the leader sequence of killer toxin of Kluyveromyces lactis, the N‐terminus 24 amino acids (Ser5‐Ala28) of mature hIL‐1β, the KEX2 dibasic endopeptidase cleavage site, and the target protein (hG‐CSF or hGH). The gene expression was controlled by the inducible UASgal/MF‐α1 promoter. With the expression vector above, both recombinant proteins were well secreted into culture medium with high secretion efficiencies, and especially, the recombinant hGH was accumulated up to around 1.3 g/L in the culture broth. This is due presumably to the significant role of fused hIL‐1β as secretion enhancer in the yeast secretory pathway. In our recent report, various immunoblotting analyses have shown that the presence of a core N‐glycosylation resident in the hIL‐1β fragment is likely to be of crucial importance in the high‐level secretion of hG‐CSF from the recombinantS. cerevisiae. When the N‐glycosylation was completely blocked with the addition of tunicamycin to the culture, the secretion of hG‐CSF and hGH was decreased to a negligible level although the other host‐derived proteins were well secreted to the culture broth regardless of the presence of tunicamycin. The N‐terminal sequencing of the purified hG‐CSF verified that the hIL‐1β fusion peptide was correctly removed by in vivo KEX2 protease upon the exit of fusion protein from Golgi complex. From the results presented in this article, it is strongly suggested that the N‐terminus fusion of the hIL‐1β peptide could be utilized as a potent secretion enhancer in the expression systems designed for the secretory production of other heterologous proteins from S. cerevisiae.
Estimating past floristic diversity in montane regions from macrofossil assemblages
Authors: Allen Judy R. M. , Huntley Brian 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe relationship between the diversity of higher plant macrofossils in surface sediments of lakes and the surrounding vegetation is examined in two mountain regions; Grødalen in central Norway and the south‐east Cairngorms in Scotland. Two lake sediment cores from each area were also analysed to examine vegetation history and to estimate changes in biodiversity through the Holocene.The diversity of present day vegetation in each region was estimated using both quadrat data and classified satellite images of the study areas. The mean surface sample macrofossil representation of species recorded in quadrats collected within 250 m of the lakes was c. 17%. This figure drops to only c. 2% when the satellite imagery of the same area is used to provide a maximal species list.The macrofossil data from the Norwegian cores show that deglaciation in this region occurred earlier on the mountain summit than in the valley and that the maximum tree line elevation was during the interval 9100–4400 14C yr BP. In the Cairngorms the maximum tree line elevation was prior to c. 4500 14C yr BP.The changes in higher plant diversity recorded at these sites through the Holocene show that c. 4000 14C yr BP the reduction in the tree line resulted in decreased β‐diversity at higher altitudes but an increase at the lower altitude as the forest cover opened up. Under conditions of climatic warming it is likely areas that come to lie below the tree line will experience reduced diversity and that a permanent loss of biodiversity would result from a severe reduction in the area above the tree line.
Effect of K‐ras antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu 8988s
Authors: Jianting Cai , Keda Qian , Junshen Lu 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of K‐ras antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) on human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu 8988s at different times after treatment. METHODS: Human pancreatic cancer cells (PaTu 8988s) in exponential growth stage were used at a cell concentration of 1 × 105/mL; 0.5 mL of the cell suspension was placed in each well of replicate 24‐well culture plates in the presence of different concentrations (50 and 100 μg/mL) of ASODN and sense oligodeoxynucleotides (SODN). Cell counts and 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazolzyl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were carried out 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment. RESULTS: At 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after ASODN treatment, the following rates of inhibition were observed: for 50 μg/mL, 42.3, 66.6, 69.6 and 74.6%, respectively; for 100 μg/mL, 66.2, 91.4, 98.2 and 98.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of ASODN began at 12 h post‐treatment and became more marked at 48–72 h. The higher the concentration of ASODN, the earlier the peak of inhibitory rate appears.
Serum S‐100β protein is a potential biochemical marker for cerebral oedema complicating severe diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: McIntyre E. A. , Abraha H. D. , Perros P. , Sherwood R. A. 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARY Case report  A 39‐year‐old man with Type 1 diabetes mellitus was hospitalized with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Sixteen hours after admission he suddenly deteriorated having a respiratory then cardiac arrest. A brain computed tomography scan performed 2 h after the respiratory arrest showed severe cerebral oedema. Serial serum samples were stored and analysed for S‐100β protein. The S‐100β protein concentration was initially normal (0.12 μg/l) then rose significantly before the onset of the respiratory arrest (8.5 h = 0.61 μg/l, 14.5 h = 0.9 μg/l, 18 h = 1.6 μg/l, 25.5 h = 3.1 μg/l, 34 h = 4.6 μg/l and 44 h = 19.5 μg/l).Conclusions  In this case of DKA, serum S‐100β concentration rose coinciding with the onset of cerebral oedema, before it became clinically evident. Monitoring serum S‐100β may have a useful role in the management of DKA.Keywords cerebral oedema, diabetic ketoacidosis, S‐100β protein
Role of mediators in late‐phase allergic symptoms including congestion
Authors: Adcock I. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryChronic nasal congestion is a common symptom of persistent allergic rhinitis and is less easy to resolve than the neurally mediated symptoms of nasal itch and sneeze. It is considered to be a result of inflammatory processes, in particular the persistent inflammatory response linked to the late phase after allergen exposure. Current understanding of the involvement of the various late‐phase mediators in the development of nasal congestion is derived from the measurement of inflammatory mediators in nasal lavage fluid of allergic rhinitis sufferers, nasal biopsy and nasal challenge studies. Studies of this type have highlighted the importance of the various late‐phase inflammatory mediators, including histamine. This review focuses on the complex late‐response inflammatory processes thought to underlie the pathogenesis of chronic nasal congestion, and discusses the recent evidence for the action of some antihistamines at various stages of the late‐phase allergic cascade.
Effects of adsorbate lateral repulsion on desorption and diffusion kinetics studied by Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Farbman I. , Asscher M. , Ben-Shaul A. 
Published: July 2002

The effects of adsorbate lateral interactions on the kinetics of surface diffusion and desorption are studied by means of kinetic and thermodynamic Monte Carlo simulations. This study is motivated by recent diffusion and desorption experiments on the NH3/Re(001) system, which show that the activation energies of these processes decrease (in different fashions) with increasing surface coverage, the interactions between the adsorbates are thus assumed to be repulsive. A long range dipole–dipole-like potential is used to simulate both the diffusion and desorption processes. Most calculations are carried out with the interaction range extending up to fourth-order neighbors. Longer ranges are found to barely affect the kinetic behavior. On the other hand, shorter ranges of interaction result in qualitatively and quantitatively different structural (thermodynamic phase) behaviors and, consequently, in very different kinetics of diffusion and desorption.
The model used to calculate diffusion kinetics assumes that the activation barrier to particle diffusion depends, simultaneously, on the local environments of both the initial and the final sites involved in the elementary event of particle jumps. The chemical diffusion coefficient is evaluated based on thermodynamic and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. It is found to increase with surface coverage, reflecting the repulsive nature of the interactions. Yet, unlike the experimental results, the increase is nonmonotonic but rather, somewhat oscillatory—reflecting the structural phase transitions of the adsorbed layer. The activation energy of desorption is found to decrease by about 15 kcal/mole as the coverage increases from 0 to 1, showing steeper slopes around the coverages corresponding to a perfectly ordered adlayer phase. These results are in satisfactory qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiment. Finally, it is shown that the coverage dependence of the activation barrier to diffusion can be reasonably well evaluated from equilibrium thermodynamic desorption data.
Nitric oxide and cirrhosis of the liver
Authors: López‐Novoa José M. , García‐Estañ J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA major characteristic of patients with liver cirrhosis is a marked peripheral and splanchnic vasodilatation that is the origin of many clinical problems associated with chronic liver damage, such as water and sodium retention, ascites and renal failure. There are several lines of evidence suggesting a role for nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous substance with potent vasodilator effects, in the peripheral vasodilatation associated with hepatic cirrhosis. In experimental models of cirrhosis in rats, most studies have reported an increased NO release by the endothelium of different arteries, which precedes the development of the systemic hyperdynamic circulation. In addition, the endothelium‐derived increased production of NO seems to be responsible for the lower than normal pressor response to vasoconstrictors in the mesenteric bed, kidney and in aortic rings of cirrhotic rats. The hyperdynamic circulation is partially reversed by NO synthesis inhibition. Thus, in experimental models of cirrhosis, most studies suggest a primary role of NO in the pathogenesis of the arterial vasodilatation. In humans, studies are scarce and not so homogeneous. Although there are some studies showing increased plasma NO levels in cirrhotic patients, there is not full agreement on the role of increased NO production in the maintenance of peripheral vasodilatation. Thus, despite some contradictory results, we can conclude that an increased production of NO, mainly of constitutive and endothelial origin, is an important factor that contributes to the cardiovascular and renal alterations observed in cirrhotic patients or in experimental models of liver cirrhosis. Whether this enhanced production of NO is the cause of these alterations or a secondary effect in compensation to the elevated levels of the vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic hormones is not yet known.
Book and Media Reviews
Authors: Ball David 
Published: July 2002

Book reviewed in this article:Book reviews in this column will primar ily be of titles focusing completely, or in part, on biolog ical aspects of addiction. However, significant titles of general relevance to the addictions field will also be included, even if they are not “biological”, as will titles of general methodological and clinical relevance, even if they are not on “addictions”. Similar considerations will apply to other media (software, audio tapes and CDs, videos, etc.). However, specific “addictions” software applications seem to be relatively uncommon and, as these items are rarely reviewed elsewhere, we will endeavour to include reviews of some of the older programmes that are still useful, as well as new titles that appear. I would appreciate suggestions of any items suitable for reviews, but especially software and other media of specific relevance to the addictions. Please contact: Dr David Ball, National Addiction Centre, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK. Email: media@addictionbiology.com Handbook of Alcoholism GERALD ZERNIG, ALOIS SARIA, MARTIN KURZ & STEPHANIE O'MALLEY (Eds) New Medications for Drug Abuse S. G. GLICK & I. M. MAISONNEUVE (Eds) Essential Psychopharmacology of Depression and Bipolar Disorder STEPHEN M. STAHL The Neurochemistry of Drugs of Abuse SYED F. ALI (Ed.) Psychiatric Genetics JOHN I. NURNBERGER Jr & WADE BERRETTINI (Eds) Alcohol: The Ambiguous Molecule GRIFFITH EDWARDS
On some inequalities for the incomplete gamma function
Authors: Alzer Horst 
Published: July 2002

Let

p
≠
1

p\ne 1

be a positive real number. We determine all real numbers

α
=
α
(
p
)

\alpha = \alpha (p)

and

β
=
β
(
p
)

\beta =\beta (p)

such that the inequalities
\[

[
1
−

e

−
β

x
p

]

1

/

p

>

1

Γ
(
1
+
1

/

p
)

∫
0
x

e

−

t
p

d
t
>
[
1
−

e

−
α

x
p

]

1

/

p

[1-e^{-\beta x^p}]^{1/p}> \frac 1{\Gamma (1+1/p)} \int ^x_0 e^{-t^p} \,dt >[1-e^{-\alpha x^p}]^{1/p}

\]
are valid for all

x
>
0

x>0

. And, we determine all real numbers

a
a

and

b
b

such that
\[

−
log
⁡
(
1
−

e

−
a
x

)
≤

∫
x
∞

e

−
t

t

d
t
≤
−
log
⁡
(
1
−

e

−
b
x

)

-\log (1-e^{-ax})\le \int ^\infty _x \frac {e^{-t}}t\,dt\le -\log (1-e^{-bx})

\]
hold for all

x
>
0

x>0

.
A Comparison of the Burden of Thyroid Cancer Among the European Union 15+ Countries, 1990-2019
Authors: Schuster-Bruce James , Jani Chinmay , Goodall Richard , Kim Dae , Hughes William , Salciccioli Justin D. , Marshall Dominic , Shalhoub Joseph 
Published: March 2022

ImportanceThe global incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing rapidly, and this increase has had an attendant burden on health systems. However, it is unclear how the burden of this disease differs among the pre-2004 countries of the European Union (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK), US, Australia, Canada, and Norway (EU15+).ObjectiveTo assess the trends in mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with thyroid cancer between 1990 and 2019 in EU15+ nations. Data analysis was conducted from July 11 to October 11, 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsObservational cross-sectional analysis of the incidence of thyroid cancer was conducted using data obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study database. Nineteen countries of the EU15+ were included.ExposuresThyroid cancer.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and DALYs were extracted for individual EU15+ countries per sex for each of the years from 1990 to 2019, and mortality-to-incidence indexes were computed. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to describe the trends.ResultsThirteen of 19 countries (68%) showed an average annual percentage change increase in ASIR across the study period (range, 0.2%-2.5%). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed largely plateauing ASIR trends in recent years across most EU15+ nations since 1990. Between 2011 and 2019, the estimated annual percentage change in the US was 0. Australia, Denmark, and the US were the only countries with increasing ASMR trends with positive average annual percentage changes: Australia, 0.6 (95% CI, 0.2-1.0); Denmark, 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8-1.3); and US, 0.4 (95% CI, 0.4-0.5); the remaining 16 countries showed negative trends (range, −0.2 to −2.1). Disability-adjusted life-years decreased in all EU15+ countries except Australia, Denmark, and the US.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional analysis found that overall, the burden of thyroid cancer across EU15+ countries appears to be decreasing, evidenced by plateauing incidence rates and reductions in mortality and DALYs over the 30-year study period. However, the US and Australia appear to have increasing ASMR and DALY trends. Ongoing observation is required to monitor how changes in international clinical practice guidelines affect thyroid cancer DALYs and mortality.
Moraxellaceae
Authors: Fernández‐Garayzábal José Francisco , Miguela‐Villoldo Pedro , Vela Ana Isabel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMo.ra.xel.la.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n. Moraxella, type genus of the family; suff.‐aceae, ending to denote family;N.L. fem. pl. n. Moraxellaceae, the family ofMoraxella.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pseudomonadales / MoraxellaceaeCells are rod shaped, coccoid, or coccal or may exhibit a characteristic multicellular micromorphology. Cells usually occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Gram‐stain‐negative. Aerobically or facultatively anaerobic. Endospores are not observed. The cells are not motile in liquid media, but surface‐bound motility may be observed. Capsules and fimbriae may be present. Chemoorganotrophic. Psychrophilic or mesophilic. Most members are catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. The fatty acid profiles show the presence of mainly unbranched, saturated, and mono‐ or diunsaturated fatty acids with predominantly 16 and 18 carbon atoms. DNA G + C content ranges from 35 to 66 mol%. The family comprises the generaMoraxella,Acinetobacter,Psychrobacter,Enhydrobacter,Alkanindiges,Perlucidibaca,Paraperlucidibaca,Agitococcus,Faucicola,Fluviicoccus,Clavicella, andAquirhabdus. Most members are considered saprophytes of little clinical significance, while a few species represent important infectious agents.DNA G + C content (mol%): 35–66.Type genus:MoraxellaLwoff 1939AL(Approved Lists 1980) emend. Henriksen and Bøvre 1968.
Tatumella
Authors: Avontuur Juanita R. , Palmer Marike , Coetzee Martin P.A. , Steenkamp Emma T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Ta.tum.el'la N.L. fem. dim. n.
Tatumella
, named to honor Harvey Tatum, an American bacteriologist who made many contributions to our understanding of the classification and identification of fermentative and nonfermentative bacteria of medical importance.

Pseudomonadota / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacterales / Enterobacteriaceae / Tatumella

The genus
Tatumella
is diverse and of clinical and agricultural importance. Some members are human or plant pathogens, while others have been isolated from fruit, soil, and clinical samples. The genus forms a monophyletic group within the family
Enterobacteriaceae
and includes six validly published species.
Tatumella
represents facultatively anaerobic, fermentative, nonencapsulated, non‐spore‐forming, and Gram‐negative bacteria that can be either motile or nonmotile. In addition to various phenotypic traits, the lack of peritrichous flagella and the ability to produce 2‐ketogluconate dehydrogenase differentiate
Tatumella
from other closely related genera. In general, however, the genus shares many lifestyle characteristics with other genera in the family
Enterobacteriaceae
, including taxa of biotechnological and clinical importance.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.7–52.8 (high‐performance liquid chromatography and genome analysis).

Type species
:
Tatumella ptyseos
Hollis et al. 1981, VL8.
Precise Assembly of Highly Crystalline Colloidal Photonic Crystals inside the Polyester Yarns: A Spray Coating Synthesis for Breathable and Durable Fabrics with Saturated Structural Colors
Authors: He Yuying , Liu Luyao , Fu Qianqian , Ge Jianping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is a great challenge to prepare highly crystalline photonic crystal (PC)‐modified fabrics with saturated colors without sacrificing the wearing experience, such as breathability and softness, at the same time. Here, a spray coating process is developed to precisely assemble the colloidal PCs inside every yarn of the polyester (PET) fabric. High surface tension and high boiling point for the solvent of colloidal solution, as well as low twist angle, large weave cycles, and large tightness for the fabric substrate, are found to be favorable to the formation of high‐quality PC‐modified fabrics. In addition, the as‐prepared PC/PET fabrics have saturated and durable colors thanks to the highly crystalline PC structures and the polyacrylate adhesives. They also possess good softness and high breathability as the precise colloidal assembly in the yarn avoids the blocking of weaving holes and cracks.
Hybrid‐Piezoelectret Based Highly Efficient Ultrasonic Energy Harvester for Implantable Electronics
Authors: Wan Xiao , Chen Ping , Xu Zisheng , Mo Xiwei , Jin Hongrun , Yang Wei , Wang Shuixiang , Duan Jiangjiang , Hu Bin , Luo Zhiqiang , Huang Liang , Zhou Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImplantable ultrasonic energy harvesters that scavenge wireless mechanic energy from ultrasound own remarkable potential in advanced medical protocols for neuroprosthetics, wireless power, biosensor, etc. The main challenge for this kind of device is to achieve high‐efficiency energy conversion in a weak ultrasonic pressure field. Here, a multilayered piezoelectret with strain enhanced piezoelectricity by introducing a parallel‐connected air hole array in an interdielectric layer sandwiched between a pair of electrets for an efficient ultrasonic energy harvester is presented. This device delivers a remarkable peak output power around 13.13 mW and short‐circuits current around 2.2 mA when implanted into tissues at 5~10 mm under an ultrasonic probe setup at 25 mW cm−2, which is higher than the required power threshold of bioelectronic devices and current threshold of nerve stimulation. Furthermore, the feasibility of supplying power to implantable bioelectronics and working as neuroproteins for peripheral nerve stimulation are both demonstrated. It is anticipated that this highly efficient, easily fabricated, and biocompatible device will potentially enable applications for multifunctional and advanced implantable bioelectronics in the next generation of diagnosis and therapy.
Work‐Function‐Tunable MXenes Electrodes to Optimize p‐CsCu2I3/n‐Ca2Nb3‐xTaxO10 Junction Photodetectors for Image Sensing and Logic Electronics
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Liu Xinya , Li Ziqing , Cao Fa , Lu Xiang , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTunable work function has a high profile for the MXene‐based optoelectronic devices, and surface modification provides the huge potential to shift its Fermi level and modulate the work function. In this work, the window of MXene's work function is engineered from 4.55 to 5.25 eV by surface modification with LiF, Se, and polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE). The vertical p‐CsCu2I3/n‐Ca2Nb3‐xTaxO10 junction photodetectors are constructed on the basis of the above surface‐modified MXenes, which changes the Schottky barrier between n‐Ca2Nb3‐xTaxO10 and the electrodes. In particular, the rectification effect is significantly enhanced by utilizing PEIE‐decorated MXene electrodes, resulting in a high rectification ratio of 16 136 and improved UV responsivity of 81.3 A W–1. Such high‐performance devices based on MXenes electrodes are compatible with the standard clean room fabrication process, realizing large‐scale flexible UV detectors that maintain 80% of the original current after 5000 times bending. Meanwhile, a photodetector array stimulated with UV of different wavelengths is constructed to reveal its potential for image sensing. Finally, functional “AND” and “OR” optoelectronic logic gates are developed for UV communication using Au/CsCu2I3/Ca2Nb3‐xTaxO10/MXene–PEIE photodetectors, enriching the application of MXene‐based optoelectronic devices. This work on tuning MXene work function via surface modification demonstrates that MXene is a promising candidate for future optoelectronics.