bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the mathematical fluid dynamics of the atmospheric Walker circulation
Authors: Johnson R. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStarting from the general, governing equations for a viscous, compressible fluid, with an associated description of its thermodynamics, we outline an asymptotic derivation based on the thin-shell approximation. [The details appear in another publication.] This produces a reduced system of equations which retain all the dynamics and thermodynamics of the steady atmosphere, the thin-shell approximation alone being the basis for the construction of the asymptotic solution. The leading order describes the background state of the atmosphere, and the next order provides a simple set of equations that can be used to investigate, for example, the Walker circulation, a particular atmospheric flow which is restricted to the neighbourhood of the Equator across the Pacific Ocean. Our formulation of this problem shows, explicitly and in detail, how the pressure and temperature gradients in the azimuthal direction drive the circulation; this extends the usual physical arguments used to describe the Walker circulation. An initial investigation highlights the rȏle of the variable eddy viscosity and then, on the basis of these observations, a solution is obtained which describes in detail the velocity and temperature fields in the Walker cell. In particular, we present an example of the temperature profile and of the streamlines for the flow along the Equator and which is bounded above by the tropopause. Further details of the Walker circulation are given, together with an identification of the heat sources that drive the motion. Finally, we comment on the changes to the flow pattern that arise during an El Niño event.
Multiphoton microscopy providing pathological-level quantification of myocardial fibrosis in transplanted human heart
Authors: Yang Yuelong , Zheng Liqin , Li Zhen , Chen Jianhua , Wu Xinyi , Ren Guanmin , Xiao Zebin , Li Xiaodan , Luo Wei , Wu Zhigang , Nie Liming , Chen Jianxin , Liu Hui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiphoton microscopy (MPM), a high-resolution laser scanning technique, has been shown to provide detailed real-time information on fibrosis assessment in animal models. But the value of MPM in human histology, especially in heart tissue, has not been fully explored. We aimed to evaluate the association between myocardial fibrosis measured by MPM and that measured by histological staining in the transplanted human heart. One hundred and twenty samples of heart tissue were obtained from 20 patients consisting of 10 dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) and 10 ischemic cardiomyopathies (ICM). MPM and picrosirius red staining were performed to quantify collagen volume fraction (CVF) in explanted hearts postoperatively. Cardiomyocyte and myocardial fibrosis could be clearly visualized by MPM. Although patients with ICM had significantly greater MPM-derived CVF than patients with DCM (25.33  ± 12.65 % vs. 19.82  ± 8.62 %, p = 0.006), there was a substantial overlap of CVF values between them. MPM-derived CVF was comparable to that derived from picrosirius red staining based on all samples (22.58 ± 11.13% vs. 21.19 ± 11.79%, p = 0.348), as well as in DCM samples and ICM samples. MPM-derived CVF was correlated strongly with the magnitude of staining-derived CVF in both all samples and DCM samples and ICM samples (r = 0.972, r = 0.963, r = 0.973, respectively; all p < 0.001). Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for MPM-derived CVF and staining-derived CVF were 0.995, 0.989, 0.995, and 0.985, respectively. Our data demonstrated that MPM can provide a pathological-level assessment of myocardial microstructure in transplanted human heart.
An exception handling framework for case management
Authors: Andree Kerstin , Ihde Sven , Weske Mathias , Pufahl Luise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to achieve their business goals, organizations heavily rely on the operational excellence of their business processes. In traditional scenarios, business processes are usually well-structured, clearly specifying when and how certain tasks have to be executed. Flexible and knowledge-intensive processes are gathering momentum, where a knowledge worker drives the execution of a process case and determines the exact process path at runtime. In the case of an exception, the knowledge worker decides on an appropriate handling. While there is initial work on exception handling in well-structured business processes, exceptions in case management have not been sufficiently researched. This paper proposes an exception handling framework for stage-oriented case management languages, namely Guard Stage Milestone Model, Case Management Model and Notation, and Fragment-based Case Management. The effectiveness of the framework is evaluated with two real-world use cases showing that it covers all relevant exceptions and proposed handling strategies.
Extracting LPL privacy policy purposes from annotated web service source code
Authors: Hjerppe Kalle , Ruohonen Jukka , Leppänen Ville 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrivacy policies are a mechanism used to inform users of the World Wide Web about the processing of their personal data. Such processing has special requirements, since personal data are regulated by data protection legislation. For example, a consent or another legal basis is typically needed. Privacy policies are documents used, among other things, to inform the data subject about processing of their personal data. These are formally represented by privacy languages. In this paper, we present a technique for constructing Layered Privacy Language policy data from web service code bases. Theoretically, we model the purposes of processing within web services by extending the privacy language with composition. We also present a formal analysis method for generating privacy policy purposes from the source code of web services. Furthermore, as a practical contribution, we present a static analysis tool that implements the theoretical solution. Finally, we report a brief case study for validating the tool
The Challenges of Inflation in Europe and the US
Authors:   Forum Introduction
Published: April 2022

AbstractInflationary pressures and uncertainties related to the severity and duration of the coronavirus pandemic have been growing steadily in the last year. Different approaches to supporting labour force participation in Europe and the United States have led to different inflationary outcomes. In addition, the Russian war against Ukraine, which began on 24 February, has provided a definitive answer to questions about whether rising inflation is just temporary. The sharp increase in already volatile food and energy prices is presenting monetary policymakers with new challenges. The authors in this Forum consider how to respond to rising inflation, discuss why inflation is so hard to predict and examine whether long-term inflation expectations have de-anchored.
Komorbidität bei Epilepsie im höheren Lebensalter: kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und medikamentöse Interaktionen
Authors: Gaida Bernadette 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungMultimorbidität ist die besondere Herausforderung der älter werdenden Gesellschaft. Der ältere Patient mit neu diagnostizierter Epilepsie trägt nicht nur die Bürde seiner Epilepsie, sondern ist mit zunehmendem Lebensalter dem Risiko komorbider chronischer Erkrankungen ausgesetzt. Die Übersichtsarbeit fokussiert auf kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen bei Epilepsie im höheren Lebensalter und ihren Beitrag zur vorzeitigen Mortalität. Es werden aktuelle Arbeiten zu medikamentösen Interaktionen bei Komedikation von Antiepileptika (AED) mit direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) und kardiovaskulären Medikamenten zusammengefasst.
Selection and spectral matching of recorded ground motions for seismic fragility analyses
Authors: Manfredi Vincenzo , Masi Angelo , Özcebe Ali Güney , Paolucci Roberto , Smerzini Chiara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGround motion selection is one of the most important phases in the derivation of fragility curves through non-linear dynamic analyses. In this context, an easy-to-use software, namely S&M—Select & Match, has been adopted for the selection and spectral matching of recorded ground motions approaching a target response spectrum in a broad period range. In this paper, after a brief description of the key features of the S&M tool, two sets of 125 accelerograms, separately for stiff (i.e. site classes A and B according to the Italian code) and soft soil (i.e. site classes C and D) conditions, have been selected on the basis of the elastic design spectra of the Italian seismic code defined for different return periods. The selected ground motions have been analysed and used for non-linear dynamic analysis of a case study representative of a common Italian RC building type designed only to gravity loads. Results have been analysed in order to check the capability of the considered signals to adequately cover all the damage levels generally adopted in seismic risk analyses, as well as the effects on seismic response due to the selection criteria permitted by the proposed tool.
The need for local-adjusted Participatory Forest Management in biodiversity hotspots
Authors: Nzau Joslyn Muthio , Ulrich Werner , Rieckmann Marco , Habel Jan Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNumerous conservation activities in Africa have been of little effect. In this study, we investigate socio-economic trade-offs that might have been overlooked, yet may undermine conservation action in discret pathways. Data was collected in three study sites with fragile forest ecosystems in south-eastern Kenya, through locally adapted structured surveys and semi-structured expert guides. These analyses are drawn from 827 structured surveys and 37 expert interviews, which were done during 2016–2018. We found general coherences between age, gender, ethnicity, indigenous knowledge, formal education, and higher incomes, which shapes forest conservation attitudes. Indigenous knowledge is marginal, and most people with formal education in the rural setting are likely to be young without legal land rights or among the minority with off-farm employment. The reluctance to address historical land injustices and inequitable sharing of entitlements and management authority overrides positive attitudes and intentions towards forest conservation in all three study sites. However, we found considerable discrepancies among the three study sites. For Arabuko Sokoke forest, the awareness of forest conservation was relatively low when compared with the other two study sites. Forests play a major role against the backdrop of resource use in all three regions. But, different ecosystem services are used among the three study sites. For environmental education and communication, internet plays a comparatively minor role. Strategies to preserve forest differ among the three study sites: Reforestation is proposed in cloud forests of Taita Hills and riparian forests, whereas off-farm employment and alternative income sources plays a major role in Arabuko Sokoke forest. Our findings underline that locally specific conservation management is needed to conduct efficient nature conservation, particularly in countries with very heterogeneous ethnicities and environments.
Parents’ and Teachers’ Knowledge of Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents and Their Agreement Towards Screening
Authors: Burgess Aaron , Rushworth Imogen , Meiser-Stedman Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrauma exposure is common in children and adolescents. Parents and other key adults, such as teachers, are necessary to facilitate help-seeking behavior, which involves recognizing trauma and adverse reactions and awareness of accessing treatments. Where screening measures in schools are used to detect post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the attitudes of parents and teachers towards screening need to be considered.ObjectiveTo examine whether parents and teachers can accurately detect trauma events, symptoms and effective treatments. In addition, to assess how supportive parents and teachers are towards PTSD screening in schools.MethodA total of 439 parents and 279 teachers completed online questionnaires assessing PTSD knowledge across three domains: traumatic events, PTSD symptoms and evidence-based treatments. Responses of acceptability of using PTSD screening tools in schools were elicited.ResultsTeachers and parents were accurate in recognizing trauma events and PTSD symptoms. However, understanding was inclusive, with events not considered traumatic and non-PTSD diagnostic criteria being endorsed. Trauma-Focussed Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was recognized as an effective treatment for PTSD, but Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing was not. Treatments not recommended by health guidelines were frequently endorsed. The majority of participants were supportive of PTSD screening in schools, but a minority were not.ConclusionsParents and teachers are able to recognize trauma events and symptoms of PTSD, although this tends to be overly inclusive. Schools could be targeted to promote understanding trauma among parents and teachers. Agreement with screening is encouraging and further research is warranted to understand barriers and facilitators.
Damages for infringements of competition law
Authors: Schweizer Urs 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe EU Damages Directive (2014) requires that compensation shall place a person who has suffered harm in the position in which that person would have been had the infringement of competition law not been committed, i.e., firms’ actions free of infringements serve as benchmark for specifying harm caused by deviations. The paper confronts this specification with game-theoretic models of market interaction. It is shown that firms are not necessarily deterred to form a cartel that coordinates action choice but non-deterred cartels turn out to be of less concern as they are at least welfare preserving if not enhancing. To implement damages rules that satisfy the Directive’s compensation requirement, courts must have sufficient information. When the actions taken by firms cannot be directly observed, implementing the compensation requirements remains possible only if the available evidence is sufficiently informative.
psBLUP: incorporating marker proximity for improving genomic prediction accuracy
Authors: Bartzis Georgios , Peeters Carel F. W. , Eeuwijk Fred van 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGenomic selection entails the estimation of phenotypic traits of interest for plants without phenotype based on the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypic traits for plants with phenotype. Typically, the number of SNPs far exceeds the number of samples (high-dimensionality) and, therefore, usage of regularization methods is common. The most common approach to estimate marker-trait associations uses the genomic best linear unbiased predictor (GBLUP) method, where a mixed model is fitted to the data. GBLUP has also been alternatively parameterized as a ridge regression model (RRBLUP). GBLUP/RRBLUP is based on the assumption of independence between predictor variables. However, it is to be expected that variables will be associated due to their genetic proximity. Here, we propose a regularized linear model (namely psBLUP: proximity smoothed BLUP) that explicitly models the dependence between predictor effects. We show that psBLUP can improve accuracy compared to the standard methods on both Arabidopsis thaliana data and Barley data.
‘Deeply and deliciously unsettled’? Mis-reading discourses of equity in the early stages of Covid19
Authors: Belluigi Dina Zoe , Czerniewicz Laura , Gachago Daniela , Camps Catherine , Aghardien Najma , Marx Renée 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the early stages of the ‘pivot online’, various conceptions of inequalities and their relations to educational equity peppered the discourses of higher education practitioners and the promotional discourses of their institutions. Concerned with what conditions subjectification and action within micro- and meso-curricula, this paper explores the cultural and structural discursive positions in which such agents are entangled, and the discourse conflicts they negotiated about what to adopt, shape, defer or resist. Offering deliberations on the possibilities and problematics for equity in higher education were insiders’ perspectives of those who operate in the thresholds between academic and professional communities within South African and UK higher education—learning technologists, academic developers and Higher Education Studies scholars—in the period from March to June 2020. Careful not to provide a monovocal nor hierarchical interpretation of these discourses at that early stage in the pandemic, our analysis rather juxtaposes complex and at times conflicting local accounts and negotiations of three schisms around which their narratives skirted: (i) the substantial fault lines under and in societies, institutions and practitioner communities; (ii) the complexities which intersect with digital divides; and (iii) the in/visibility of differentially impacted individuals and groups during that period. As people with often strong ethico-political commitments, and responsibilities as members of evanescent interpretative communities, their acts of narration drew from and at times against the dominant discourses situated within particular socio-economic and ideological higher education contexts.
Preliminary evidence of key factors in successful flipping: predicting positive student experiences in flipped classrooms
Authors: Sointu Erkko , Hyypiä Mareena , Lambert Matthew C. , Hirsto Laura , Saarelainen Markku , Valtonen Teemu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlipped classrooms have become widely adopted in educational settings (e.g., in higher education) worldwide. However, there is a need for more precise understanding of the ingredients for student satisfaction in a flipped setting. The aim of this paper was to investigate university students’ experiences of the factors that create a successful flipped course. Ten measures were used to investigate the hypothesized factors affecting satisfaction, which were chosen based on the results from previous flipped classroom studies and higher educational research. These measures were grouped into three dimensions: (1) pedagogical (five measures), (2) social (three measures), and (3) technological (two measures). Exploratory factor analysis was run to analyze the adequacy of the instruments. Results revealed that the factor structure was as expected and that the instruments measuring all ten factors of teaching and learning in a flipped classroom were adequate. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis was used to formally operationalize the hypothesized latent constructs, and to build a structural equation model for predicting the student satisfaction of a flipped classroom. In the end, seven factors were found to predict student satisfaction with flipped courses. The highest predictor was guidance from the dimension of pedagogy, and the second-best predictor was experienced teaching for understanding. The results, limitations, and conclusion are discussed in terms of key issues and the development of a flipped classroom pedagogical design for higher education.
Eliciting Expressions of Emotion: An Exploratory Analysis of Alexithymia in Adults with Autism Utilising the APRQ
Authors: Ryan Christian , Cogan Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examined alternative methods for detecting alexithymia to the Toronto Alexithymia Scale—20 (TAS-20) by comparing the emotional linguistic performance of ASD and NT samples (n = 32 in each) on the Alexithymia Provoked Responses Questionnaire (APRQ). We utilised both the LIWC and tidytext approaches to linguistic analysis. The results indicate the ASD sample used significantly fewer affective words in response to emotionally stimulating scenarios and had less emotional granularity. Affective word use was correlated with ASD symptomatology but not with TAS-20 scores, suggesting that some elements of alexithymia are not well detected by the TAS-20 alone. The APRQ, in combination with the tidytext package, offers significant potential for sophisticated exploration of emotional expression in ASD.
A Dual Formula for the Noncommutative Transport Distance
Authors: Wirth Melchior 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article we study the noncommutative transport distance introduced by Carlen and Maas and its entropic regularization defined by Becker and Li. We prove a duality formula that can be understood as a quantum version of the dual Benamou–Brenier formulation of the Wasserstein distance in terms of subsolutions of a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellmann equation.
Effective Approximation Methods for Constrained Utility Maximization with Drift Uncertainty
Authors: Zhu Dongmei , Zheng Harry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel and effective approximation method for finding the value function for general utility maximization with closed convex control constraints and partial information. Using the separation principle and the weak duality relation, we transform the stochastic maximum principle of the fully observable dual control problem into an equivalent error minimization stochastic control problem and find the tight lower and upper bounds of the value function and its approximate value. Numerical examples show the goodness and usefulness of the proposed method.
Frobenius–Schur indicators and the mapping class group of the torus
Authors: Farnsteiner Julian , Schweigert Christoph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Turaev–Viro state sum invariant can be extended to 3-manifolds with free boundaries. We use this fact to describe generalized Frobenius–Schur indicators as Turaev–Viro invariants of solid tori. This provides a geometric understanding of the$$\mathrm {SL}(2,\mathbb {Z})$$SL(2,Z)-equivariance of these indicators.
Topology optimization using the discrete element method. Part 2: Material nonlinearity
Authors: Masoero Enrico , O’Shaughnessy Connor , Gosling Peter D. , Chiaia Bernardino M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructural Topology Optimization typically features continuum-based descriptions of the investigated systems. In Part 1 we have proposed a Topology Optimization method for discrete systems and tested it on quasi-static 2D problems of stiffness maximization, assuming linear elastic material. However, discrete descriptions become particularly convenient in the failure and post-failure regimes, where discontinuous processes take place, such as fracture, fragmentation, and collapse. Here we take a first step towards failure problems, testing Discrete Element Topology Optimization for systems with nonlinear material responses. The incorporation of material nonlinearity does not require any change to the optimization method, only using appropriately rich interaction potentials between the discrete elements. Three simple problems are analysed, to show how various combinations of material nonlinearity in tension and compression can impact the optimum geometries. We also quantify the strength loss when a structure is optimized assuming a certain material behavior, but then the material behaves differently in the actual structure. For the systems considered here, assuming weakest material during optimization produces the most robust structures against incorrect assumptions on material behavior. Such incorrect assumptions, instead, are shown to have minor impact on the serviceability of the optimized structures.