bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating mitofusins interrupts mitochondrial degeneration and delays disease progression in SOD1 mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dang Xiawei , Zhang Lihong , Franco Antonietta , Dorn II Gerald W 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMitochondrial involvement in neurodegenerative diseases is widespread and multifactorial. Targeting mitochondrial pathology is therefore of interest. The recent development of bioactive molecules that modulate mitochondrial dynamics (fusion, fission and motility) offers a new therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases with either indirect or direct mitochondrial involvement. Here, we asked: (1) Can enhanced mitochondrial fusion and motility improve secondary mitochondrial pathology in superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)? And: (2) What is the impact of enhancing mitochondria fitness on in vivo manifestations of SOD1 mutant ALS? We observed that small molecule mitofusin activators corrected mitochondrial fragmentation, depolarization and dysmotility in genetically diverse ALS patient reprogrammed motor neurons and fibroblasts, and in motor neurons, sensory neurons and fibroblasts from SOD1 G93A mice. Continuous, but not intermittent, pharmacologic mitofusin activation delayed phenotype progression and lethality in SOD1 G93A mice, reducing neuron loss and improving neuromuscular connectivity. Mechanistically, mitofusin activation increased mitochondrial motility, fitness and residency within neuromuscular synapses; reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production; and diminished apoptosis in SOD1 mutant neurons. These benefits were accompanied by improved mitochondrial respiratory coupling, despite characteristic SOD1 mutant ALS-associated downregulation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Targeting mitochondrial dysdynamism is a promising approach to alleviate pathology caused by secondary mitochondrial dysfunction in some neurodegenerative diseases.
Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1 (VPT1) may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of grape fruits
Authors: Bai Qian , Chen Xuexue , Zheng Zhenzhen , Feng Jinjing , Zhang Yanjun , Shen Yuanyue , Huang Yun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1 (VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening. Interestingly, here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of fruits. The VvVPT1 protein isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera) berries was tonoplast-localized and contains SPX (Syg1/Pho81/XPR1) and MFS (major facilitator superfamily) domains. Its mRNA expression was significantly increased during fruit ripening and induced by sucrose. Functional analyses based on transient transgenic systems in grape berry showed that VvVPT1 positively regulated berry ripening and significantly affected hexose contents, fruit firmness, and ripening-related gene expression. The VPT1 proteins (Grape VvVPT1, strawberry FaVPT1, and Arabidopsis AtVPT1) all showed low affinity for phosphate verified in yeast system, while they appear different in sugar transport capacity, consistent with fruit sugar status. Thus, our findings reveal a role for VPT1 in fruit ripening, associated to its SPX and MFS domains in direct transport of soluble sugar available into the vacuole, and open potential avenues for genetic improvement in fleshy fruit.
An energy efficiency solution based on time series data mining algorithm—a case study of small hotel
Authors: Gong Qiang , Zeng Ying , Adu Ebu , Han Shanshan , Zhang Shuming , Cui Weiwen , Sun Haode , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study aims to conduct data mining research on the time series energy consumption dataset of a small hotel. Earlier studies on data mining have demonstrated that cluster and association analysis had been commonly used methods today, while this has not yet been investigated under time series dimension. For that consequence, this article utilizes K-shape and Apriori algorithm coded by Python language to explore the time series energy consumption data of the small hotel in terms of the subentry and total energy consumption. Final results reveal that the energy consumption curve and association rules can effectively reflect the working characteristics of the small hotel. From the clustering results, the small hotel working feature and weather condition determine the time series energy consumption curve shape. As for association rules, there is a different chain relationship between the energy consumption of each subentry and total energy consumption of the small hotel, especially the consumption of heating gas and cooling, which mainly determines the changes in other energy consumption.
Supporting conversations about medicines and deprescribing: GPs’ perspectives on a Medicines Conversation Guide
Authors: Weir Kristie Rebecca , Bonner Carissa , Naganathan Vasi , Tam Chun Wah Michael , Rigby Debbie , McLachlan Andrew J , Jansen Jesse 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To explore GP perspectives on a Medicines Conversation Guide to support deprescribing communication.

Methods
Semistructured interviews with GPs from Australia (n = 32). Participants were purposively sampled with varying experiences and locations. Transcribed audio recordings of interviews were coded using framework analysis.

Key findings
Most GPs stated they would use the Guide in consultation with an older patient to discuss medications. The strengths of the Guide included empowering the patient voice on an important topic. Limitations included time and complex concepts.

Conclusions
Overall, the Medicines Conversation Guide was perceived by GPs to be a useful communication tool to support discussions about deprescribing with patients.
What Can Artificial Intelligence Do for Refugee Status Determination? A Proposal for Removing Subjective Fear
Authors: Kinchin Niamh , Mougouei Davoud 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The drive for innovation, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness has seen governments increasingly turn to artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance their operations. The significant growth in the use of AI mechanisms in the areas of migration and border control makes the potential for its application to the process of refugee status determination (RSD), which is burdened by delay and heavy caseloads, a very real possibility. AI may have a role to play in supporting decision makers to assess the credibility of asylum seekers, as long as it is understood as a component of the humanitarian context. This article argues that AI will only benefit refugees if it does not replicate the problems of the current system. Credibility assessments, a central element of RSD, are flawed because the bipartite standard of a ‘well-founded fear of being persecuted’ involves consideration of a claimant’s subjective fearfulness and the objective validation of that fear. Subjective fear imposes an additional burden on the refugee, and the ‘objective’ language of credibility indicators does not prevent the challenges decision makers face in assessing the credibility of other humans when external, but largely unseen, factors such as memory, trauma, and bias, are present.
Viewing the use of AI in RSD as part of the digital transformation of the refugee regime forces us to consider how it may affect decision-making efficiencies, as well as its impact(s) on refugees. Assessments of harm and benefit cannot be disentangled from the challenges AI is being tasked to address. Through an analysis of algorithmic decision making, predictive analysis, biometrics, automated credibility assessments, and digital forensics, this article reveals the risks and opportunities involved in the application of AI in RSD. On the one hand, AI’s potential to produce greater standardization, to mine and parse large amounts of data, and to address bias, holds significant possibility for increased consistency, improved fact-finding, and corroboration. On the other hand, machines may end up replicating and manifesting the unconscious biases and assumptions of their human developers, and AI has a limited ability to read emotions and process impacts on memory. The prospective nature of a well-founded fear is counter-intuitive if algorithms learn based on training data that is historical, and an increased ability to corroborate facts may shift the burden of proof to the asylum seeker. Breaches of data protection regulations and human rights loom large. The potential application of AI to RSD reveals flaws in refugee credibility assessments that stem from the need to assess subjective fear. If the use of AI in RSD is to become an effective and ethical form of humanitarian tech, the ‘well-founded fear of being persecuted’ standard should be based on objective risk only.
Lassa fever cases suffer from severe underreporting based on reported fatalities
Authors: Simons David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever endemic to eight West African countries. Symptomatic disease is expected to occur in 20% of those infected and transmission typically occurs from viral spillover from rodent hosts. The combination of limited access to diagnostics and healthcare means the true burden of this disease is unknown.

Methods
The case fatality rate among confirmed, probable and possible cases of Lassa fever in endemic regions is expected to be ≈15%. Here, annual reported cases and deaths have been used to estimate the case fatality rate, using three subsets of available data, to understand the scale of underreporting of severe human cases.

Results
The literature review produced 38 records of cases and fatalities, comprising 5230 reported cases and 1482 reported deaths in seven countries. The estimated case fatality rate ranges from 16.5 to 25.6% (standard deviation 11.5–32.2). The expected number of severe cases between 2012 and 2022 is 8995, with current reported numbers 58% of what is expected.

Conclusion
This analysis highlights current uncertainty and systemic underreporting of the morbidity and mortality burden of Lassa fever in its endemic region and must be considered when discussing the epidemiology of this neglected tropical disease.
Phenotypic and genotypic profile of ceftolozane/tazobactam-non-susceptible, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gill Christian M , Nicolau David P ,   ERACE-PA Global Study Group, Aktas Elif , Alfouzan Wadha , Bourassa Lori , Brink Adrian , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Canton Rafael , Carmeli Yehuda , Falcone Marco , Kiffer Carlos , Marchese Anna , Martinez Octavio , Pournaras Spyros , Satlin Michael , Seifert Harald , Thabit Abrar K , Thomson Kenneth S , Villegas Maria Virginia , Wille Julia , Rezende Thais Teles Freitas , Cekin Zuhal , Malkocoglu Gulsah , Gijón Desirèe , Tarakmeh Layla Abdullah , Chu Chun Yat , Opperman Christoffel Johannes , Tootla Hafsah Deepa , Moodley Clinton , Coetzee Jennifer , Vourli Sophia , Dimopoulos George , Attallah Dalya M , Tiseo Giusy , Leonildi Alessandro , Giordano Cesira , Barnini Simona , Menichetti Francesco , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Codda Giulia , Vena Antonio , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Westblade Lars , Cardona Armando , Curtis Lauren , Fang Ferric , Thomson Gina 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the genotypic and ceftazidime/avibactam-susceptibility profiles amongst ceftolozane/tazobactam-non-susceptible (NS), MBL-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a global surveillance programme.

Methods
Isolates were collected as part of the ERACE-PA Global Surveillance programme. Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa deemed clinically relevant by the submitting laboratories were included. Broth microdilution MICs were conducted per CLSI standards to ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime and cefepime. Genotypic carbapenemases were detected using CarbaR and CarbaR NxG (research use only). Isolates negative for carbapenemases by PCR were assessed via WGS. Isolates were included in the analysis if they were ceftolozane/tazobactam-NS and lacked detection of known MBLs.

Results
Of the 807 isolates collected in the ERACE-PA programme, 126 (16%) were ceftolozane/tazobactam-NS and lacked MBLs. Cross-resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime was common, with only 5% and 16% testing susceptible, respectively. Ceftazidime/avibactam retained in vitro activity, with 65% of isolates testing susceptible. GES was the most common enzymology, detected in 57 (45%) isolates, and 89% remained susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam. Seven isolates harboured KPC and all tested susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam. In the remaining 62 isolates, WGS revealed various ESBLs or OXA β-lactamases. While 39% remained susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam, marked variability was observed among the diverse resistance mechanisms.

Conclusions
Ceftazidime/avibactam remained active in vitro against the majority of ceftolozane/tazobactam-NS, MBL-negative P. aeruginosa. Ceftazidime/avibactam was highly active against isolates harbouring GES and KPC β-lactamases. These data highlight the potential clinical utility of genotypic profiling as well as the need to test multiple novel agents when carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa are encountered.
Population pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B in adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
Authors: Stott Katharine E , Moyo Melanie , Ahmadu Ajisa , Kajanga Cheusisime , Gondwe Ebbie , Chimang’anga Wezzie , Chasweka Madalitso , Leeme Tshepo B , Molefi Mooketsi , Chofle Awilly , Bidwell Gabriella , Changalucha John , Unsworth Jenny , Jimenez-Valverde Ana , Lawrence David S , Mwandumba Henry C , Lalloo David G , Harrison Thomas S , Jarvis Joseph N , Hope William , Märtson Anne-Grete 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Single, high-dose liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB; AmBisome, Gilead Sciences) has demonstrated non-inferiority to amphotericin B deoxycholate in combination with other antifungals for averting all-cause mortality from HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. There are limited data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of AmBisome. The aim of this study was to describe population PK of AmBisome and conduct a meta-analysis of the available studies to suggest the optimal dosing for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.

Methods
Data from a Phase II and Phase III trial of high-dose, short-course AmBisome for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis were combined to develop a population PK model. A search was conducted for trials of AmBisome monotherapy and meta-analysis of clinical outcome data was performed.

Results
A two-compartment model with first-order clearance of drug from the central compartment fitted the data best and enabled the extent of inter-individual variability in PK to be quantified. Mean (SD) population PK parameter estimates were: clearance 0.416 (0.363)  L/h; volume of distribution 4.566 (4.518) L; first-order transfer of drug from central to peripheral compartments 2.222 (3.351)  h−1, and from peripheral to central compartment 2.951 (4.070)  h−1. Data for the meta-analysis were insufficient to suggest optimal dosing of AmBisome for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.

Conclusions
This study provides novel insight into the PK of AmBisome at the population level and the variability therein. Our analysis also serves to highlight the paucity of data available on the pharmacodynamics (PD) of AmBisome and underscores the importance of thorough and detailed PK/PD analysis in the development of novel antifungals, by demonstrating the challenges associated with post hoc PK/PD analysis.
Capturing social presence: concept explication through an empirical analysis of social presence measures
Authors: Cummings James J , Wertz Erin E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Initially the province of telecommunication and early computer-mediated communication (CMC) literature, multiple systematic reviews suggest “social presence” is now used for an increasingly diverse set of phenomena across various communication settings. Drawing upon Chaffee’s (1991) description of concept explication as the dialectic process between the conceptual and operational aspects of research, this study provides a mixed methods analysis of social presence measures to evaluate construct validity and inform a modified conceptual definition. Results reveal several distinct constructs commonly measured in the empirical literature on social presence, including salience, perceived actorhood, co-location/non-mediation, understanding, association, involvement, and medium sociability. Based on the frequencies and co-occurrences of these constructs within instruments and across different research fields, we conclude that social presence, in practice, most commonly consists of the perceptual salience of another social actor. Implications for the measurement and theorizing of social presence—and its distinction from other social experiences with media—are then considered.
Comparing the Performance of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on Artificial and Natural Diets: Feasibility of Mass-Rearing on Artificial Diets
Authors: Zhao Xu-dong , Geng Yi-shu , Hu Tian-yi , Li Wen-xuan , Liang Ying-ying , Hao De-jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In China, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) is an invasive phytophagous pest; it attacks nearly all species of defoliated trees. To develop integrated pest management programs (IPM) for H. cunea, we need to ensure the availability of insects by mass-rearing them on artificial diets under laboratory conditions. This study compared the growth characteristics, nutritional indices, growth indices, and digestive enzyme activity of insects reared on Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC (Fagales: Juglandaceae), the Chinese wingnut, and an artificial diet. We also investigated the correlation between diet components and growth indices using principal components analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. We found that mass-rearing of H. cunea on an artificial diet was feasible. It led to a shorter developmental period, with heavier larvae and pupae than natural diets. The principal components analysis indicated that the growth indices and α-Amylase were significantly positively associated with PC1, which explained 82.45% of the total data variability. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between digestion, absorption parameters, and growth. Developing a mass-rearing program to produce H. cunea on an artificial diet will be valuable for improving IPM strategies. Understanding the mechanism of the responses of phytophagous insect populations to anthropogenic diet regulation can provide new ideas and methods for pest control.
The Potential of a New Beauveria bassiana Isolate for Mosquito Larval Control
Authors: Tawidian Patil , Kang Qing , Michel Kristin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), and the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) are of public health concern due to their ability to transmit disease-causing parasites and pathogens. Current mosquito control strategies to prevent vector-borne diseases rely mainly on the use of chemicals. However, insecticide resistance in mosquito populations necessitates alternative control measures, including biologicals such as entomopathogenic fungi. Here we report the impact of a new Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyprocreales: Cordycipitaeceae) isolate, isolated from field-collected Ae. albopictus larvae on mosquito survival and development. Larval infection bioassays using three B. bassiana conidial concentrations were performed on the second and third larval instars of An. gambiae and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Larvae were monitored daily for survival and development to pupae and adults. Our results show that B. bassiana MHK was more effective in killing An. gambiae than Ae. albopictus larvae. We further observed delays in development to pupae and adults in both mosquito species exposed the varying concentrations of B. bassiana as compared to the water control. In addition, larval exposure to B. bassiana reduced adult male and female survival in both mosquito species, further contributing to mosquito population control. Thus, this study identifies a new B. bassiana isolate as a possible biological control agent of two mosquito species of public health concern, increasing the arsenal for integrated mosquito control.
Sex, Race, and the Allocation of Credit in Dispersed Teams: Whose Contributions to Team Success Get Noticed and Whose Get Neglected
Authors: Marvel John D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
When the members of a team work together in pursuit of a collective goal, who stands out? We analyze this question by focusing on how managers allocate credit among a team’s members when employee performance is difficult to observe. We argue that under conditions of incomplete information, managers use whatever information they have readily at hand—even if it is only crudely reflective of individual performance—to make inferences about team members’ contributions to team success. We further argue that these inferences will tend to disadvantage women and persons of color relative to white men. Our information-based perspective points to additional propositions that are theoretically novel: Imperfect information will be more severe when a team member works remotely; consequently, team members who are colocated with their manager will be more likely than non-colocated team members to receive recognition for their contributions to team success. Moreover, we argue that any informational disadvantages attaching to remoteness will vary by team members’ race/sex. We use micro-data on 121,809 federal employees who are nested in 31,188 group award instances, and employ a fixed effects approach to test these and related propositions. Our findings’ key implications for theory are that managers allocating credit among a group’s members will tend to do so suboptimally in demographically diverse, geographically dispersed groups. These managers will tend to overlook the contributions of women and persons of color, and will also tend to overlook the contributions of remote team members.
Cheaper Is Not Better: On the ‘Superior’ Performance of High-Fee Mutual Funds
Authors: Sheng Jinfei , Simutin Mikhail , Zhang Terry 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In contrast with theoretical predictions, high-fee active equity funds generate worse net-of-expenses performance. We show that this fee-performance puzzle is driven by the preference of high-fee funds for stocks with low operating profitability and high investment rates, characteristics associated with low expected returns. After controlling for exposures to profitability and investment factors, we find high-fee funds significantly outperform low-fee funds before expenses and achieve similarly poor net-of-fees performance. In resolving the fee-performance puzzle, our findings provide support to the theoretical prediction that net alphas are unrelated to fees and challenge the common advice to prefer low-fee funds over high-fee counterparts. (JEL G23, G11, J24)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.