bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El principio de no regresión en el derecho ambiental chileno
Authors: Delgado Schneider Verónica 
Published: January 2022

Ad portas de la redacción de una nueva Constitución, y en el contexto de la
actual discusión de dos proyectos de ley (en materia de biodiversidad y cambio climático) sobre el reconocimiento expreso del principio de no regresión en materia ambiental,
este trabajo buscar determinar el estado del arte en relación con el reconocimiento de
este principio a nivel internacional y comparado. Se revisan las fórmulas de su reconocimiento, los principales aportes de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia en cuanto a su
contenido, alcance y límites. Se caracterizan dos versiones del principio, en cuanto a los
requisitos que lo hacen procedente, aunque ambas exigen una especial motivación de la
decisión: la ciencia deberá ser capaz de demostrar que la aparente regresión no implica
un debilitamiento importante de la protección ambiental. Además, respecto de Chile, se
entregan fundamentos para su reconocimiento, se revisan casos que podrían calificarse
de «regresivos» y se comparan las versiones que del principio consideran los dos proyectos de ley comentados.
Análisis de los acuerdos del Consejo de Ministros para la Sustentabilidad
Authors: Reicher Salazar Oscar 
Published: January 2022

El año 2010 se reformó la institucionalidad ambiental de Chile y se creó el
Consejo de Ministros para la Sustentabilidad (CMS). Antes de esta reforma cada sector
podía dictar actos administrativos generales o específicos, sin contar con una integración coordinada en materias ambientales. Dada esta situación, se le entregó la competencia al CMS de pronunciarse sobre los proyectos de ley y actos administrativos que
deriven tanto de la autoridad ambiental como de los organismos sectoriales con competencia en la materia. Sin embargo, tras diez años de implementada, es hace necesario
revisar si la reforma ha cumplido el objetivo planteado. Para ello se revisaron los acuerdos adoptados por el CMS siguiendo las actas de sesión publicadas en la página web del
organismo para el periodo comprendido entre 2010 y 2020. Los resultados muestran
que la creación del CMS no ha contribuido significativamente a la incorporación de la
variable ambiental. Además, se demuestra que los acuerdos relativos a las áreas protegidas juegan un rol relevante en la gestión conjunta que realiza el Ministerio de Medio
Ambiente con otros ministerios sectoriales.
Usuario y programa
Authors: Folga Bekavac Alejandro Román 
Published: January 2022

Este artículo presenta el relato de una experiencia docente –llevada a cabo en un taller de proyectos
de primer año de la carrera de arquitectura– que consistió en el desarrollo de un ejercicio de diseño
de una casa para un grupo de convivencia. Para exponer dicha experiencia, en primer lugar, se presenta el marco conceptual del ejercicio. En segundo lugar, se explican las estrategias didácticas
aplicadas y el uso de diagramas de programación como herramienta proyectual. Finalmente, se
reflexiona sobre la importancia de otorgar un mayor protagonismo al estudiante durante las etapas iniciales del proceso de proyecto como forma de propender hacia su mayor autonomía.
Tophap by area
Authors: Lehmann Gaetan 
Published: January 2022

The tophat transform is a well know and widely used transform based of morphological opening or closing. It is often used to remove the background in an image, where the background is defined as the zones which do not fit in the user provided kernel.Similarly, the tophat by area is used to remove the background in an image, but the criteria of selection is the size of the connected component, either in physical size or in number of pixels, and is independent of the shape of the connected component. This property makes the tophat non dependent of the shape of the object and makes easier to describe the criteria.
N-Dimensional Computation of Strain Tensor Images in the Insight Toolkit
Authors: Mccormick Matthew 
Published: January 2022

Strain quantifies local deformation of a solid body. In medical imaging, strain reflects how tissue deforms under load. Or, it can quantify growth or atrophy of tissue, such as the growth of a tumor. Additionally, strain from the transformation that results from image-to-image registration can be applied as an input to a biomechanical constitutive model.This document describes N-dimensional computation of strain tensor images in the Insight Toolkit (ITK), www.itk.org. Two filters are described. The first filter computes a strain tensor image from a displacement field image. The second filter computes a strain tensor image from a general spatial transform. In both cases, infinitesimal, Green-Lagrangian, or Eulerian-Almansi strain can be generated.This paper is accompanied with the source code, input data, parameters and output data that the authors used for validating the algorithm described in this paper. This adheres to the fundamental principle that scientific publications must facilitate reproducibility of the reported results.
Importing Contours from DICOM-RT Structure Sets with ITK4
Authors: Dowling Jason 
Published: January 2022

This paper presents code for reading contours from DICOM RT structure set files into binary labels. This is a common requirement for transferring expert manual segmentations from radiotherapy treatment planning software into external image analysis environments (such as ITK). An implementation of RT structure set importing is provided with sample data from a prostate cancer radiotherapy planning volume. This is an update to the 2009 Insight Journal paper “Importing Contours from DICOM-RT Structure Sets” which worked with ITK 3.x and a local GDCM2 install.Updates: Mar 2013 Now correctly handles holes within structures. Thanks to Sebastian Steger for the code fix.
Flux driven medial curve extraction
Authors: Mellado Xavier , Larrabide Ignacio , Hernandez Monica , Frangi Alejandro 
Published: January 2022

In this document it is described the implementation of the flux driven automatic centerline extraction algorithm proposed by Bouix et al. in 2004. This is based on a skeletonisation algorithm initially proposed by Siddiqi et al. in 2002, using properties of an average outward flux measure to distinguish skeletal points from non-skeletal ones. This information is combined with a topology preserving thinning procedure to obtain the final result. This implementation combines this skeletonisation algorithm with other techniques as described in the paper of Bouix et al. to produce an ITK filter that generates as output the skeleton, as a binary object represented in an image, of the input surface, represented as a distance transform image. In this work is described this medial curve extraction procedure following the ITK philosophy.
Criminisi Inpainting
Authors: Doria David 
Published: January 2022

This document presents a system to fill a hole in an image by copying patches from elsewhere in the image. These patches should be a good continuation of the hole boundary into the hole. The patch copying is done in an order which attempts to preserve linear structures in the image. This implementation is based on the algorithm described in ``Object Removal by Exemplar-Based Inpainting’’ (Criminisi et. al.).The code is available here: https://github.com/daviddoria/Inpainting
An ITK Implementation of a Diffusion Tensor Images Resampling Filter
Authors: Budin Francois , Bouix Sylvain , Shenton Martha , Styner Martin , Oguz Ipek 
Published: January 2022

This paper describes the implementation of a resampling ﬁlter for Diffusion Tensor Images (DTI) in the Insight ToolKit (ITK). ITK already contains a ﬁlter for resampling scalar and vector images as well as several transformation and interpolation classes. However, due to the directional nature of DT images, using the existing classes would result in losing the structural information of the image. We developed a new resampling ﬁlter, speciﬁc to DTI, that preserves the structure by applying a rotation directly on the tensors while performing the transformation of the image. New transformation and interpolator classes have also been implemented to handle tensors correctly. The new transformation classes are based on algorithms described by D.C. Alexander et al. Finally, three ﬁlters have been written to correct symmetric semi-deﬁnite matrices that would no longer be positive after the resampling process and project them into the tensors’ space. In addition, a software based on the new classes has been developed and is provided with this article.
Optimal mass transport for deformable registration and warping of 2D images
Authors: Shamir Reuben 
Published: January 2022

We implement a warping method which is using the properties of elastic materials to compute the deformation between two images. The proposed elastic registration method incorporates the L2 Kantorovich-Wasserstein distance, also known as the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD), as a similarity measure. The implemented paper presents an efficient partial differential equation approach for a first-order solution of this problem that is simpler than existing works suggested high-order solutions and is computationally simpler than existing works based on linear programming.Specifically, we implement the following paper Steven Haker, Lei Zhu, Allen Tannenbaum, and Sigurd Angenent, “Optimal mass transport for registration and warping”, International Journal of Computer Vision, 60(3), p. 225-240, 2004.
Read and Write Support for MevisLab Dicom/Tiff Format
Authors: Manniesing Rashindra 
Published: January 2022

MevisLab [2] is a development environment for medical image processing and visualization, which supports the reading and writing of combined dicom/tiff images. In this document we provide the source code (ImageIO factory) for the Insight Toolkit (ITK) framework [4]. This image IO plugin supports 2D, 3D and 4D scalar images.Note: this class depends on version GDCM 2.0 and above.
Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) Algorithm, A Generic Implementation
Authors: Yaniv Ziv 
Published: January 2022

The Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm for robust parameter value estimation has been applied to a wide variety of parametric entities (e.g. plane, the fundamental matrix). In many implementations the algorithm is tightly integrated with code pertaining to a specific parametric object. In this paper we introduce a generic RANSAC implementation that is independent of the estimated object. Thus, the user is able to ignore outlying data elements potentially found in their input. To illustrate the use of the algorithm we implement the required components for estimating the parameter values of a hyperplane and hypersphere.
Well-Composedness and the Topological Repairing of 2-D and 3-D Digital Images
Authors: Tustison Nicholas J. , Siqueira Marcelo , Gee James 
Published: January 2022

In an earlier submission, we considered 2-D and 3-D digital binary images topologically characterized by their well-composedness. Well-composed images exhibit important topological and geometrical properties not shared by their ill-composed counterparts. These properties have important implications for various algorithms used by the ITK community such as thinning algorithms and Marching Cubes.A natural follow-up inquiry to our original submission concerns the possible extension of the binary algorithm to accommodate images with multiple labels. In this paper, we describe such a generalization of our previous submission which also subsumes the binary approach. For completeness and clarity of exposition, we develop the idea of well-composedness within the binary image context and later generalize the discussion to include those images with multiple labels.
A new implementation of itk::ImageToImageFilter for efficient parallelization of image processing algorithms using Intel Threading Building Blocks
Authors: Jaberzadeh Amir , Scherrer Benoit , Warfield Simon 
Published: January 2022

Modern medical imaging makes use of high performance computing to accelerate image acquisition, image reconstruction, image visualization and image analysis. Software libraries that provide implementations of key medical imaging algorithms need to efficiently exploit modern CPU architectures. In particular, workstations with small numbers of cores are being replaced by very high core count architectures, and by many integrated core architectures, which offer acceleration by vectorization and multi-threading.The Insight Toolkit (ITK) is the premier open source implementation of medical imaging algorithms, with a generic design for image processing filters that allows for many developers to rapidly incorporate these algorithms in to new applications. While ITK filters benefit from a generic, platform independent multithreading capability, the current implementation is difficult to exploit to achieve very high performance. Specifically, ITK relies on a static decomposition of the image into subsets of equal size which can be highly inefficient. Threads that terminate early due to uneven work throughout the image finish early and do not contribute further to the processing of more complex regions, leading to idle computational resources and longer execution times. Performance is also difficult to coordinate across multiple algorithms, as the ITK filter assumes each filter operates independently but the global implementation has an impact across filters.In this work, we propose a novel, simple to use, high performance multithreading capability for ITK that accelerates the itk::ImageToImageFilter. We utilise a workpile data decomposition strategy, and leave the task of optimal job scheduling on CPU cores to the library called Threading Building Blocks (TBB). We demonstrate the efficacy of multi-threading with TBB in comparison to the itk::Multithreader class, through three simple example image analysis algorithms.Our implementation provides a new multi-threaded itk::ImageToImageFilter that can be conveniently reused to provide simple and efficient multi-threaded code across applications and algorithm libraries. Our new implementation is distributed as open-source software to the community and is straightforward to adopt.
Radial Thickness Calculation and Visualization for Volumetric Layers
Authors: Wang Defeng , Shi Lin , Heng Pheng Ann 
Published: January 2022

Volumetric layers often encountered in medical image analysis are characterized by double and nested bounding surfaces. The thickness of a volumetric layer at a point on the bounding surface is the distance from that point to the opposite surface. There exist several definitions for the layer thickness. A newly proposed thickness definition is the radial thickness, which is defined as the distance between each pair of corresponding points on the two surfaces with the same polar coordinate. The thickness values calculated by the radial thickness definition are unique and does not depend on the starting surface. In this paper, we describe a class for calculating the radial thickness of one volumetric layer represented as coupled and nested triangle meshes.The class, vtkRadialThicknessCalculate, is implemented using the Visualization Toolkit (VTK). In this document, we describe the radial thickness calculation algorithm and provide the user with the source code and the input data to reproduce the results. The radial thickness calculation described in this paper has a variety of applications including the thickness calculation for the skull vault, which is the original motivation for this work.
CITK - an architecture and examples of CUDA enabled ITK filters
Authors: Beare Richard , Micevski Daniel , Share Chris , Parkinson Luke , Ward Phillip , Goscinski Wojtek , Kuiper Mike 
Published: January 2022

There is great interest in the use of graphics processing units (GPU)for general purpose applications because the highly parallel architectures used in GPUs offer the potential for huge performance increases. The use of GPUs in image analysis applications has been under investigation for a number of years. This article describes modifications to the InsightToolkit (ITK) that provide a simple architecture for transparent use of GPU enabled filters and examples of how to write GPU enabled filters using the NVIDIA CUDA tools.This work was performed between late 2009 and early 2010 and is being published as modifications to ITK 3.20. It is hoped that publication will help inform development of more general GPU support in ITK 4.0 and facilitate experimentation by users requiring functionality of 3.20 or wishing to pursue CUDA based developments.
ImageLinearIterator - WithIndex removed
Authors: Beare Richard 
Published: January 2022

ITK includes a number of iterators including the {} and {} that support visiting voxels along lines parallel to the image axes. This is particularly useful for separable filters. This article introduces modified versions that do not maintain location index so that filters that don’t require index information can perform faster.Preliminary tests indicate that the iteration speed is improved, but that filters such as the RecursiveSmoothingGaussianImageFilter do not change significantly.
The Generalised Image Fusion Toolkit (GIFT)
Authors: Mueller Dan 
Published: January 2022

Image fusion provides a mechanism to combine multiple images into a single representation to aid human visual perception and image processing tasks. Such algorithms endeavour to create a fused image containing the salient information from each source image, without introducing artefacts or inconsistencies. Image fusion is applicable for numerous fields including: defence systems, remote sensing and geoscience, robotics and industrial engineering, and medical imaging. In the medical imaging domain, image fusion may aid diagnosis and surgical planning tasks requiring the segmentation, feature extraction, and/or visualisation of multi-modal datasets.This paper discusses the implementation of an image fusion toolkit built upon the Insight Toolkit (ITK). Based on an existing architecture, the proposed framework (GIFT) offers a ‘plug-and-play’ environment for the construction of n-D multi-scale image fusion methods. We give a brief overview of the toolkit design and demonstrate how to construct image fusion algorithms from low-level components (such as multi-scale methods and feature generators). A number of worked examples for medical applications are presented in Appendix A, including quadrature mirror filter discrete wavelet transform (QMF DWT) image fusion.
Principles and Practices of Scientific Originology
Authors: Ibanez Luis 
Published: January 2022

This presentation is a satire of the current obsession with intellectual property, innovation and originality that plagues the field of medical image analysis.The presentation makes the point that most Journals and Conferences focus on Originality and despise Reproducibility and Verification, demonstrating great disrespect for the essential elements of the scientific method. The practice of "peer-review" is offered in most cases as an insufficient substitute for the actual verification of reproducibility.In a nutshell, this presentation intends to brings awareness to the fact that authors of papers are treated by Publishers as if they were writers of Novels instead as reporters of scientific findings. In that confusion, authors are required to be "original" (as if they were writing Novels or Plays) instead of being required to report "reproducible" findings. Such practice obliterates critical thinking and erodes the basic principles of the scientific community.
Label object representation and manipulation with ITK
Authors: Lehmann Gaetan 
Published: January 2022

Richard Beare has recently introduced a new filter to efficiently labelize the connected components with ITK, and has also proposed to use the run-length encoding used in that filter to implement some of the most useful binary mathematical morphology operators: the opening by attribute. Following that idea, and after have searched a way to use the ITK’s spatial objects for this task, a new set of classes have been developed to represent and manipulate the label images and the objects within them in ITK. Those new classes have been used to implement several label images manipulation based on object attributes, as well as the binary and label specialization of some mathematical morphology filters based on the morphological reconstruction. This contribution comes with 65 new classes, and should greatly enhance the binary mathematical morphology in ITK.All the source codes are provided, as well as a full set of tests and several usage examples of the new classes.
RGB Image Color Space Transformations
Authors: Tamburo Robert 
Published: January 2022

This paper describes a set of pixel accessors that transform RGB pixel values to a different color space. Accessors for the HSI, XYZ, Yuv, YUV, HSV, Lab, Luv, HSL, CMY, and CMYK color spaces are provided here. This paper is accompanied with source code for the pixel accessors and test, test images and parameters, and expected output images.Note: Set() methods are incorrect. Will provide revision by 12.17.2010.
A programming environment for the development of modular 3D biomedical image processing applications
Authors: Montagner Julien , Villeger Alice , Flouvat Frederic , Boire Jean-Yves 
Published: January 2022

ImageLib is a free object-oriented development environment destined to biomedical image processing. The software package contains a programming library (C++ language) and an MDI user interface (kernel). The major interest is to allow the creation of fully modular applications. Both user processing functions and image read/write facilities are separately compiled as DLLs, and the resulting plugin objects are dynamically imported into the kernel. The library provides all the required wrapping material to incorporate all find of image processing functions into user-written components. A rapid prototyping application is provided to communicate with the kernel communication interface. No graphics programming skills is required to manage advanced user interactions, image display (e.g. OpenGL), and generic image processing functions based on C++ templates. The component-oriented software architecture makes it possible to share image processing and handling resources for light Windows processing applications.
Deconvolution: infrastructure and reference algorithms
Authors: Lehmann Gaëtan 
Published: January 2022

The deconvolution, also called deblurring, tries to revert the optical distortion introduced during the aquisition of the image. It is a family of image processing which can be classed in the larger family of image restoration. Deconvolution is a very difficult problem, and many algorithms have been proposed to solve it, with different strenght and weakness which may depend on the context where they are used. As a consequence, it is desirable to have several algorithms available when trying to restore some images. The different algorithms are often built on a similar principle, making possible to share a large part of their API in their implementation. Also, the most generic operations related to deconvolution should be reusable in order to avoid code duplication and ease the implementation of new algorithms.In this contribution, the infrastructure for the implementation of several deconvolution algorithms is proposed. Based on this infrastructure, twelve simple deconvolution algorithms of reference are also provided.