bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing the Target: A Review of Mark Roe's New Book on U.S. Stock‐Market Short‐Termism
Authors: Gosling Tom 
Published: June 2022

The narrative of pervasive short‐termism caused by the stock market, and the need to protect corporations and the economy from it, is now a well established one. Frenetic short‐term trading and aggressive activists chasing immediate increases in profit prevent corporations from thinking about the requirements for their own long‐run success. Institutional investors squeeze cash out of the corporate sector by pressuring companies into excessive share buybacks instead of supporting long‐term investments in R&D and skills development. The relentless pressure for short‐term results also causes companies to neglect long‐term social problems like climate change, human rights, and inequality as they seek to meet the stock market's expectations for quarterly earnings.That this set of views is so widely accepted, and allowed to pass unchallenged, even in relatively sophisticated business and policy‐making circles, makes Mark Roe's new book particularly important and timely. In a measured, balanced, and utterly non‐polemical fashion, and using the highest quality academic evidence, the Harvard Law professor weighs the evidence for and against the charge that stock‐market short‐termism is a serious problem for the U.S. economy. Spoiler alert: he finds that there is no compelling case to answer. Stock‐market‐driven short‐termism is at most a minor problem.This finding matters because rather than railing against share buybacks, putting sand in the wheels of shareholder activism, and seeking to insulate corporate managers from investor pressure, Professor Roe contends that our policymakers should instead be focusing action on areas that are much more likely to have positive outcomes for society. Chief among them have been failure to resist the persistent decline in government‐funded (not corporate sector) R&D or to beef up regulation and regulatory staffing to ensure that companies bear the costs of externalities that are currently offloaded onto society.While ignoring these opportunities, we continue to devote too much attention to policies and actions—such as efforts to tax buybacks and limit shareholder activism—that are bound to be ineffective at best, and counterproductive at worst. Missing the Target is essential reading for policymakers, regulators, and anyone else interested in corporate governance, financial markets, and regulation that can and will actually make a positive difference to the rest of us.
The Recent Surge in Money Growth: What Would Milton Friedman Say?
Authors: Ireland Peter N. 
Published: June 2022

The M2 money supply has grown by almost 40% since 2019. This number by itself raises the strong possibility that we have entered a new and remarkable era in United States monetary history. But what would Milton Friedman say?Friedman's most famous work, his Monetary History of the United States, co‐authored with Anna Schwartz, provides a narrative account of events that links volatility in the money supply to economic instability, particularly during the Great Depression of the 1930s. And many of his subsequent articles focused on the role played by excessive money growth in generating the inflationary, boom‐bust cycles of the 1970s. An examination of these writings leaves little doubt that Friedman would be quite concerned about the recent surge in M2.Toward the end of his career, however, Friedman saw that the tight statistical links between money, output, and inflation that formed the basis for his lifetime's work had started to weaken. These same shifting correlations led other monetary economists and Federal Reserve policymakers to downplay the importance of changes in the money supply and to emphasize instead the role of interest rates in transmitting the effects of monetary policy to the broader economy.This paper takes a fresh look at the data, extended through the present, with the help of insights gleaned from Friedman's writings. It finds that when the sharp reduction in the velocity of money is accounted for, the historical relationships between money, output, and inflation that Friedman originally discovered reappear, even in the most recent data. These findings confirm what surely would be Friedman's concern: that unless the Federal Reserve moves decisively to wind down and reverse its large‐scale asset purchases and raise its target for the federal funds rate, higher inflation will persist.
Outcomes of atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with or without silent pulmonary veins from prior ablation procedure
Authors: Aguilera Jose , Hutt Erika , Kaur Simrat , Saliba Walid I. , Tarakji Khaldoun G. , Baranowski Bryan , Bhargava Mandeep , Kanj Mohamed , Cantillon Daniel J. , Rickard John , Sroubek Jakub , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Wazni Oussama M. , Hussein Ayman A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary venous (PV) electrical recovery underlies most arrhythmia recurrences after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Little is known about procedural profiles and outcomes of patients with electrically silent PVs upon redo ablation for AF.MethodsIn a prospectively maintained registry, we enrolled 838 consecutive patients (2013–2016) undergoing redo ablation procedures. Ablation procedures targeted the PVs, the PV antra, and non‐PV sites at operators' discretion. Procedural profiles and clinical outcomes were assessed. The primary outcome was freedom from AF after a 3‐month blanking period. The secondary outcome was improvement in quality of life.ResultsMost patients undergoing redo AF ablation (n = 684, 82%) had PV reconnection while the remaining 154 (18%) had electrically silent PVs. Patients with recurrent AF and electrically silent PVs were older (66 vs. 64 years, p = .02), had more prior ablation procedures (median 2 IQR 1–3 vs 1 IQR 1–2 p = .001), were more likely to have non‐paroxysmal AF (62% vs. 49%, p = .004) and atrial flutter (48% vs. 29%, p = .001) and had significantly larger left atrial volumes (89 vs. 81 ml, p = .003). Patients with silent PVs underwent a more extensive non‐PV ablation strategies with antral extension of prior ablation sets in addition to ablation of the roof, appendage, inferior to the right PVs, peri‐mitral flutter lines, cavotricuspid isthmus lines and ablation in the coronary sinus. Upon one year of follow‐up, patients with electrically silent PVs were less likely to remain free from recurrent atrial arrhythmias (64% vs. 76%, p = .008). Regardless of PV reconnection status, redo ablation resulted in improvement in quality of life.ConclusionRhythm control with extensive ablation allowed maintenance of sinus rhythm in about two thirds of patients with silent PVs during redo AF ablation procedures. Regardless of PV reconnection status, redo ablation resulted in improvement in quality of life. This remains a challenging group of patients, highlighting the need to better understand non‐PV mediated AF.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β inhibition decreases inflammation and relieves cancer induced bone pain via reducing Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial damage
Authors: Yang He‐Yu , Zhang Feng , Cheng Meng‐Lin , Wu Ji , Xie Min , Yu Liang‐Zhu , Liu Ling , Xiong Jun , Zhu Hai‐Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBone is the preferential site of metastasis for breast cancer. Invasion of cancer cells induces the destruction of bone tissue and damnification of peripheral nerves and consequently induced central sensitization which contributes to severe pain. Herein, cancer induced bone pain (CIBP) rats exhibited destruction of tibia, mechanical allodynia and spinal inflammation. Inflammatory response mainly mediated by astrocyte and microglia in central nervous system. Our immunofluorescence analysis revealed activation of spinal astrocytes and microglia in CIBP rats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of mitochondrial outer membrane disruption and cristae damage in spinal mitochondria of CIBP rats. Proteomics analysis identified abnormal expression of proteins related to mitochondrial organization and function. Intrathecally, injection of GSK‐3β activity inhibitor TDZD‐8 significantly attenuated Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission and recovered mitochondrial function. Inhibition of GSK‐3β activity also suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome cascade and consequently decreased mechanical pain sensitivity of CIBP rats. For cell research, TDZD‐8 treatment significantly reversed TNF‐α induced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) deficiency and high mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level. Taken together, GSK‐3β inhibition by TDZD‐8 decreases spinal inflammation and relieves cancer induced bone pain via reducing Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial damage.
The distribution, ecology and predicted habitat use of the Critically Endangered angelshark (Squatina squatina) in coastal waters of Wales and the central Irish Sea
Authors: Barker Joanna , Davies Jake , Goralczyk Monika , Patel Surshti , O'Connor John , Evans Jim , Sharp Rowland , Gollock Matthew , Wood Fenella R. , Rosindell James , Bartlett Charlie , Garner Brett J. , Jones Dafydd , Quigley Declan , Wray Ben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe angelshark (Squatina squatina) has the northernmost range of any angel shark species, but there is limited information on its distribution, habitat use and ecology at higher latitudes. To address this, Angel Shark Project: Wales gathered 2231 S. squatina records and 142 anecdotal resources from fishers, coastal communities and archives. These spanned the coastal waters of Wales and the central Irish Sea and were dated from 1812 to 2020, with 97.62% of records within 11.1 km (6 nm) of the coast. Commercial, recreational and charter boat fishers provided the majority of S. squatina records (97.18%), with significantly more sightings from three decades (1970s, 1980s and 1990s) and in the months of September, June, August and July (in descending order). The coastal area between Bardsey Island and Strumble Head had the most S. squatina records (n = 1279), with notable concentrations also found in Carmarthen Bay, Conwy Bay and the Outer Severn Estuary. Species distribution models (SDM) identified four environmental variables that had significant influence on S. squatina distribution, depth, chlorophyll‐a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity, and these varied between the quarters (Q) of the year. SDM model outputs predicted a larger congruous area of suitable habitat in Q3 (3176 km2) compared to Q2 (2051 km2), with suitability along the three glacial moraines (Sarn Badrig, Sarn‐y‐Bwch and Sarn Cynfelyn) strongly presented. Comparison of modelled environmental variables at the location of S. squatina records for each Q identified reductions in depth and salinity, and increases in chlorophyll‐a and SST when comparing Q2 or Q3 with Q1 or Q4. This shift may suggest S. squatina are making seasonal movements to shallow coastal waters in Q2 and Q3. This is supported by 23 anecdotal resources and may be driven by reproductive behaviour, as there were 85 records of S. squatina individuals ≤60 cm in the dataset, inferred as recently born or juvenile life‐history stages. The results have helped fill significant evidence gaps identified in the Wales Angelshark Action Plan and immediate next research steps are suggested.
AGS and NIA bench‐to bedside conference summary: Cancer and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mohile Supriya , Blaum Caroline S. , Abadir Peter M. , Dale William , Forman Daniel E. , Fung Chunkit , Holmes Holly M. , Moslehi Javid , Mustian Karen M. , Rich Michael W. , Whitson Heather E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis report summarizes the presentations, discussions, and recommendations of the most recent American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging research conference, “Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease,” on October 18–19, 2021. The purpose of this virtual meeting was to address the interface between cancer and heart disease, which are the two leading causes of death among older Americans. Age‐related physiologic changes are implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions. Emerging data suggest that cancer‐related cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves disrupted cell signaling and cellular senescence. The risk factors for CVD are also risk factors for cancer and an increased likelihood of cancer death, and people who have both cancer and CVD do more poorly than those who have only cancer or only CVD. Issues addressed in this bench‐to‐bedside conference include mechanisms of cancer and CVD co‐development in older adults, cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy, and management of comorbid cancer and CVD. Presenters discussed approaches to ensure equitable access to clinical trials and health care for diverse populations of adults with CVD and cancer, mechanisms of cancer therapy cardiotoxicity, and management of comorbid CVD and cancer, including the role of patient values and preferences in treatment decisions. Workshop participants identified many research gaps and questions that could lead to an enhanced understanding of comorbid CVD and cancer and to better and more equitable management strategies.
Global analysis of neuropeptides in cestodes identifies Attachin, a SIFamide homolog, as a stimulant of parasite motility and attachment
Authors: Preza Matías , Van Bael Sven , Temmerman Liesbet , Guarnaschelli Inés , Castillo Estela , Koziol Uriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany anthelmintics target the neuromuscular system, in particular by interfering with signaling mediated by classical neurotransmitters. Although peptidergic signaling has been proposed as a novel target for anthelmintics, current knowledge of the neuropeptide complement of many helminth groups is still limited, especially for parasitic flatworms (cestodes, trematodes, and monogeneans). In this work, we have characterized the neuropeptide complement of the model cestode Hymenolepis microstoma. Peptidomic characterization of adults of H. microstoma validated many of the neuropeptide precursor (npp) genes previously predicted in silico, and identified novel neuropeptides that are conserved in parasitic flatworms. Most neuropeptides from parasitic flatworms lack significant similarity to those from other animals, confirming the uniqueness of their peptidergic signaling. Analysis of gene expression of ten npp genes by in situ hybridization confirmed that all of them are expressed in the nervous system and identified cryptic features, including the first evidence of dorsoventral asymmetry, as well as a new population of peripheral peptidergic cells that appears to be conserved in the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Finally, we characterized in greater detail Attachin, an SIFamide homolog. Although its expression is largely restricted to the longitudinal nerve cords and cerebral commissure in H. microstoma, it shows widespread localization in the larval nervous system of Echinococcus multilocularis and Mesocestoides corti. Exogenous addition of a peptide corresponding to the highly conserved C‐terminus of Attachin stimulated motility and attachment of M. corti larvae. Altogether, this work provides a robust experimental foothold for the characterization of peptidergic signaling in parasitic flatworms.imageCover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15418
ShareHeart: A patient journey map of patients with ischemia and non‐obstructive coronary artery disease based on qualitative research
Authors: Van Schalkwijk Dinah L. , Widdershoven Jos W. M. G. , Elias‐Smale Suzette , Hartzema‐Meijer Marielle , Den Oudsten Brenda L. , Slatman Jenny , Mommersteeg Paula M. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo visualise the health care experiences and needs of patients with ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries in a patient journey map. As such, future design challenges can be provided, and it can be used for future healthcare optimization.BackgroundIschemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries is a chronic cardiac condition caused by vascular dysfunctions. Ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries is often unrecognised, significantly impairs daily functioning, and is more prevalent among women. Patients' experiences remain unexplored, and a clear patient‐centered care pathway is lacking.DesignA qualitative interpretative research design was performed and the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR) has been used.MethodsIn total, 36 women were included and participated in eight semi‐structured focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used, and identified themes were further classified using ‘patient journey mapping.’ Additionally, Picker's ‘eight principles of patient‐centered care’ were linked to the results and integrated in the patient journey map.ResultsParticipants experienced a lack of familiarity with the specific cardiac condition by healthcare providers, repeated hospitalisation, testing and referrals, shortage of specialised cardiologists, and feelings of not being heard. In addition, needs for a multidisciplinary treatment program (including physical and psychological support), better information provision, and an easily accessible contact person were expressed.ConclusionsThe resulting patient journey map shows how patients experienced and interacted with the current healthcare system. Overall, the results show a complex and long healthcare pathway and important themes for healthcare experiences and needs were identified. Future research could focus on the development and implementation of a patient‐centered evidence‐based clinical pathway optimising experiences and quality of life.Relevance to clinical practiceThe visual tool can help health care professionals, policy makers, and researchers improve healthcare provision which is patient‐centered and tailored to the preferences of patients with ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries.
Between agency and uncertainty – Young women and men constructing citizenship through stories of sexual harassment
Authors: Honkatukia Päivi , Peltola Marja , Aho Timo , Saukkonen Roosa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we examine young people's narratives on sexual harassment on how it is endured, objected, observed, and negotiated in diverse everyday life environments. The article is based on an analysis of thematic interviews with 36 young people aged 15–19 living in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland. Altogether 23 young women and 13 young men participated in the interviews which were conducted at educational institutions as individual, paired or group interviews. We analyze young people's narratives on sexual harassment as stories of everyday citizenship and, and more precisely, as acts of citizenship. We have also applied the concept of respectability to study how young women and men construct respectable sexual citizenship. We found out that whereas female respectability suggests that young women should be able to protect their sexual integrity effectively, male respectability expects young men to effectively balance between different positions of masculinity. While young people widely condemn sexual harassment and recognize it as discrimination, the gendered ways of constructing respectability, however, maintain the moral double standard by which young women remain the gatekeepers of sexual consent and young men test its boundaries.
Short‐term effects of experimental goose grazing and warming differ in three low‐Arctic coastal wetland plant communities
Authors: Choi Ryan T. , Petit Bon Matteo , Leffler A. Joshua , Kelsey Katharine C. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Beard Karen H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuestionUnderstanding the sensitivity and magnitude of plant community responses in tundra wetlands to herbivory and warming is pressing as these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by changes in grazing pressure and higher temperatures. Here, we ask to what extent different low‐Arctic coastal wetland plant communities are affected by short‐term goose grazing and warming, and whether these communities differ in their responses.LocationYukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska.MethodsWe conducted an experiment where we simulated goose grazing by clipping the vegetation and summer warming by using open‐top chambers in three plant communities along a 6‐km coastal–inland gradient. We assessed plant community compositional changes following two years of treatments.ResultsGrazing had stronger effects than warming on both plant functional group and species composition. Overall, grazing decreased the abundance of grasses and sedges and increased the abundance of forbs, whereas warming only caused a decrease in forb abundance. However, plant communities and functional groups, both within and across communities, varied widely in their responses to treatments. Grazing decreased grass abundance (−25%) and increased forb abundance (+44%) in the two more coastal communities, and reduced sedge abundance (−22%) only in the most inland community. Warming only decreased forb abundance (−18%) in the most coastal community, which overall was the most responsive to treatments.ConclusionsWe show that short‐term goose grazing predominates over short‐term summer warming in eliciting compositional changes in three different low‐Arctic coastal wetland plant communities. Yet, responses varied among communities and the same functional groups could respond differently across them, highlighting the importance of investigating the effects of biotic and abiotic drivers in different contexts. By showing that tundra wetland plant communities can differ in their immediate sensitivity to goose grazing and, though to a lesser extent, warming, our findings have implications for the functioning of these rapidly changing high‐latitude ecosystems.
Photodynamic therapy and combinatory treatments for the control of biofilm-associated infections
Authors: Ribeiro M. , Gomes I.B. , Saavedra M.J. , Simões M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe advent of antimicrobial resistance has added considerable impact to infectious diseases both in the number of infections and healthcare costs. Furthermore, the relentless emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly in the biofilm state, has made mandatory the discovery of new alternative antimicrobial therapies that are capable to eradicate resistant bacteria and impair the development of new forms of resistance. Amongst the therapeutic strategies for treating biofilms, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown great potential in inactivating several clinically relevant micro-organisms, including antibiotic-resistant ‘priority bacteria’ declared by the WHO as critical pathogens. Its antimicrobial effect is centred on the basis that harmless low-intensity light stimulates a non-toxic dye named photosensitizer, triggering the production of reactive oxygen species upon photostimulation. In addition, combination therapies of aPDT with other antimicrobial agents (e.g. antibiotics) have also drawn considerable attention, as it is a multi-target strategy. Therefore, the present review highlights the recent advances of aPDT against biofilms, also covering progress on combination therapy.