bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors in Cape Verde
Authors: Duarte Lopes Edna , Monteiro Alzerina Maria Rocha Lima , Varela Djenifa Odília Barbosa Fernandes Ca , Trigueiros Dulcineia Elisa Lima Rodrigues , Monteiro Spencer Maia Irina , de Jesus Xavier Soares Janice , da Luz Pires Vieira Nívia Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life is essential for maternal and child health. Breast milk is considered the most suitable food for the child in early years of life. Studies carried out in Cape Verde (INE; MSSS, Apresentação dos Principais Resultados Preliminares do IDSR-III, 2018) showed prevalence of EBF below the values recommended by the (WHO & UNICEF, Global Breastfeeding Scorecard, 2018. Enabling Women To Breastfeed Through Better Policies And Programmes, 2019). However, the determinants of EBF across the country have never been identified. The objective of this study is to estimate prevalence and identify the determinants of EBF in Cape Verde.

Methods
This is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out between July 2018 and March 2019. The study population consisted of 1717 mothers of children aged less than or equal to 2 years, users of the Health Centers of the islands of Santo Antão, S. Vicente, Sal, Santiago and Fogo. A structured questionnaire was applied to mothers through an interview.
The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was estimated by frequency analysis. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between the duration of EB and the variables maternity leave, mother’s education, family income and health care variables. In order to identify the determinants of EBF, a binary logistic regression analysis was used.

Results
At the time of data collection, 32.50% of mothers practiced EBF. The present study shows that exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by several factors. The most representatives are maternal age (OR = 0.001*), level of education (OR = 0.028*), parity (OR = 0.004*) and number of prenatal consultations (OR = 0.019*). Receiving breastfeeding counseling was the only health care variable that was associated with the duration of EBF (p = 0.029).

Conclusion
In Cape Verde, the prevalence of EBF can be considered reasonable. The present study shows that EBF in the country is influenced by maternal age, level of education, parity and number of prenatal consultations.
Susceptibility genes of hyperuricemia and gout
Authors: Nian Yue-Li , You Chong-Ge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGout is a chronic metabolic disease that seriously affects human health. It is also a major challenge facing the world, which has brought a heavy burden to patients and society. Hyperuricemia (HUA) is the most important risk factor for gout. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards and the change of dietary habits, the incidence of gout in the world has increased dramatically, and gradually tends to be younger. An increasing number of studies have shown that gene mutations may play an important role in the development of HUA and gout. Therefore, we reviewed the existing literature and summarized the susceptibility genes and research status of HUA and gout, in order to provide reference for the early diagnosis, individualized treatment and the development of new targeted drugs of HUA and gout.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode isolates from Turkey against wheat stink bug, Aelia rostrata Boheman (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) adults under laboratory conditions
Authors: Peçen Aydın , Kepenekci İlker 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe wheat stink bug,Aelia rostrataBoheman (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the harmful insects that caused significant product losses in cereals due to outbreaks. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are natural enemies of soil insect pests whose effects as a biocontrol agent against many harmful pests have been demonstrated by many laboratories and field/garden studies in the world. The present laboratory studies, using native EPNs [Steinernema carpocapsae(Black sea isolate),S. feltiae(isolate 09-31) (Aydin isolate) andHeterorhabditis bacteriophora(isolate 09-43) (Aydin isolate)] against the wheat stink bug adults, were carried out.ResultsIn the application of EPNs to the soil in plastic cups, the highest mortality rates (75 and 70%) on wheat stink bug occurred at 200 IJs cm−2concentration ofS. carpocapsaeisolate at 15 and 12 °C, respectively. In other tested nematode species, the highest insect mortality was observed at 200 IJs cm−2concentration ofS. feltiaeandH. bacteriophoraisolates, with mortality rates of 65–35% and 55–25%, at 15 and 12 °C, respectively.S. carpocapsae(Black sea isolate) was the most pathogenic among the three nematodes tested.ConclusionsIt was concluded thatS. carpocapsaehad the potential as a biocontrol agent against the wheat stink bug,A. rostrata. The applications ofS. carpocapsaewere the great potential for the management of the pest. Effective use of EPNs should be evaluated in integrated pest management strategies between other biological control agents. According to EPNs laboratory experiments results, field trials should be conducted in future studies.
The incremental value of multislice CT in diagnosis of late bariatric surgery complications
Authors: Bendari Doaa Samy , Mubarak Amr Ahmed , Elsawaf Mohamed Ibrahim , Mohamed Rania Essam-el-dein 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery has become a widely accepted treatment option among the population for obesity management. Nevertheless, different complications may still be encountered during the late post-operative period. Our prospective cross-sectional study aimed to show the incremental value of multislice CT for diagnosis of such complications.

Results
Within the included twenty patients who underwent multislice CT of upper abdomen, gastric pouch dilatation causing recurrent weight gain was the commonest complication detected in 70% of the studied patients and was found mainly after sleeve gastrectomy in whom mean gastric pouch volume was 248.4 ml. Gastric stricture, gastric herniation through plication suture, hiatus hernia and incisional hernia were less commonly encountered complications.

Conclusion
Multislice CT is a useful non-invasive imaging modality for detection of late bariatric surgery complications.
Role of ethno-phytomedicine knowledge in healthcare of COVID-19: advances in traditional phytomedicine perspective
Authors: Nasir Ahmed Md , Hughes Kerry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, ethnomedicinal plants have been used in diverse geographical locations for their purported prophylactic and pharmacological effects. Medicinal plants have been relied on by people around the globe for centuries, as 80% of the world’s population rely on herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary health care needs, according to the World Health Organization.

Main body
This review portrays advances in traditional phytomedicine by bridging the knowledge of ethno-phytomedicine and COVID-19 healthcare. Ethnomedicinal plants have been used for symptoms related to COVID-19 as antiviral, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antipyretic, and lung–gut immune boosters. Traditionally used medicinal plants have the ability to inhibit virus entry and viral assembly, bind to spike proteins, membrane proteins, and block viral replications and enzymes. The efficacy of traditional medicinal plants in the terms of COVID-19 management can be evaluated by in vitro, in vivo as well as different in silico techniques (molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, machine learning, etc.) which have been applied extensively to the quest and design of effective biotherapeutics rapidly. Other advances in traditional phytomedicines against COVID-19 are controlled clinical trials, and notably the roles in the gut microbiome. Targeting the gut microbiome via medicinal plants as prebiotics is also found to be an alternative and potential strategy in the search for a COVID-19 combat strategy.

Conclusions
Since medicinal plants are the sources of modern biotherapeutics development, it is essential to build collaborations among ethnobotanists, scientists, and technologists toward developing the most efficient and the safest adjuvant therapeutics against the pandemic of the twenty-first century, COVID-19.
From normal to anomalous diffusion of water molecules in narrow carbon nanotubes with defects, gases, and salts
Authors: Wang Yangjie , Chen Jige 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this letter, we study the diffusion of water molecules inside narrow carbon nanotubes in the presence of nanotube defects, gas molecules and salt ions by using molecular dynamics simulations. Mean square displacement (MSD) with a power-law fitting parameter

, and the probability distribution function (PDF) with an

distribution parameter a, of water molecules are calculated. It is found that within the diffusion time scale, water molecules exhibit a superdiffusion behavior with

inside a perfect nanotube and the superdiffusion is weakened in the presence of gas molecules and salt ions. Meanwhile, a normal diffusion behavior with

is observed inside a defective nanotube, and it is replaced by a subdiffusion behavior with

when gas molecules and salt ions are involved. PDF of water molecules is found to be Gaussian-like with

subject to superdiffusion and normal diffusion, while it becomes a center-peaked and long-tailed Lévy distribution with a < 2 subject to subdiffusion. Furthermore, it is found that the diffusion behavior of water molecules approaches normal diffusion as the radius size of the nanotube increases. Our result implies anomalous transport behavior of water in nanochannels due to the common presence of defects, gases and salts in nanochannels.
Comparison of carotid artery calcification between stroke and nonstroke patients using CT angiographic and panoramic images
Authors: Kwon Young-Eun , An Chang-Hyeon , Choi Karp-Shik , An Seo-Young 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of carotid artery calcification (CAC) in stroke and nonstroke patients using computed tomography angiographic (CTA) and panoramic images. Methods: This is a retrospective study on patients who acquired both CTA and panoramic images at the Neurology Department of Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea, between 2011 and 2016. The patients were divided into stroke (n = 109) and nonstroke (n = 355) groups based on the final diagnosis. CAC was analyzed in each group based on its presence, shape, and severity using the [Formula: see text] 2 test. The differences in age and sex between the two groups were examined using a two-sample t-test. A measure of intraobserver reliability was obtained using Cohen’s κ index. Results: CAC was more frequently observed in the stroke group than in the nonstroke group using both CTA (stroke group, 100%; nonstroke group, 23.1%) and panoramic (stroke group, 83.5%; nonstroke group, 16.6%) images. Although scattered CAC shape and mild severity occupied the largest portion in both groups, vessel-outlined CAC was more common in nonstroke patients than in stroke patients. In age and sex analyses, only females patients in their 70 s showed significant differences in CAC shape between the stroke and nonstroke groups. Conclusions: On both CTA and panoramic images, although CAC is found more frequently in the stroke group, vessel-outlined-shaped CAC in the nonstorke group shows significant differences compared to other shapes.
The relationship of masseter muscle thickness with face morphology and parafunctional habits: an ultrasound study
Authors: Ispir Nebiha Gozde , Toraman Meryem 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the normal range of masseter muscle thickness by ultrasonographic measurement in individuals over 15 years of age, and to evaluate its relationship with age, gender, facial morphology, body mass index and parafunctional habits. Methods: The study was conducted on 115 volunteers whose lateral cephalometric radiography was performed within the indication in Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. The participants in the study were asked questions about their parafunctional habits, age, height and weight. Individuals were grouped as hypodivergent (n = 28), normdivergent (n = 55), or hyperdivergent (n = 32) according to vertical face morphology by making measurements on lateral cephalometric films. Right and left masseter muscle thicknesses of individuals were measured by ultrasonography while at rest and in contraction. Results: The mean value of masseter muscle thickness was found to be 13.57 ± 2.57 mm. The rest and contracted muscle thicknesses were significantly higher in males than in females for the right and left masseter muscles (p < 0.05). When the masseter muscle was at rest and contracted, its thickness was higher in individuals with hypodivergent facial morphology, than in the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of masseter muscle thickness between individuals having parafunctional habits and those who did not have parafunctional habits (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Although masseter muscle thickness varied according to vertical facial morphology, this was not the case for parafunctional habits.
Granisetron versus Ondansetron: Comparison of 5HT3 antagonists in preventing spinal anaesthesia induced hemodynamic instability in obstetric patients
Authors: Wahid Maheen , Ali Shabana , Yasin Bilal , Farhat Kulsoom , Noor Mudassar , Tassadaq Syed Fatima 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the Ondansetron and Granisetron in preventing spinal anaesthesia induced hemodynamic instability in obstetric patients
Methods: The comparative analytical study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from September to October, 2021. One hundred and twenty pregnant women undergoing cesarean section, were enrolled in the study via non probability convenience sampling, and divided into three groups containing 40 participants each based on the type of antiemetic premedication they received, if any: Group N were those not requiring antiemetic premedication, Group O consisted of those given ondansetron 4mg, and Group G had those receiving 3mg granisetron, 15 minutes prior to administration of spinal anaesthesia. Systolic blood pressures and heart rates were recorded before and at multiple intervals after spinal anaesthesia was administered. Episodes of hypotension and bradycardia were recorded. Requirement of phenylephrine and atropine as rescue drugs was recorded for each participant.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference in incidence of hypotension among the three groups (p value <0.001), with both drugs being superior to the control group (p value <0.001 for both), and 3mg granisetron being superior to 4mg ondansetron (p value <0.001). As for incidence of bradycardia, ondansetron and granisetron were superior to control group (p value 0.03 and <0.001 respectively), but there was no significant difference between the two drug groups (p value 0.094).
Conclusion: High dose granisetron (3mg) is superior to low dose ondansetron (4mg) in preventing hemodynamic fluctuations induced by spinal anaesthesia.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5585
How to cite this:Wahid M, Ali S, Yasin B, Farhat K, Noor M, Syed FT. Granisetron versus Ondansetron: Comparison of 5HT3 antagonists in preventing spinal anaesthesia induced hemodynamic instability in obstetric patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5585
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Industry 4.0 solutions for preventive engine maintenance: a systematic review
Authors: Fauska Christian , Kniežová Jaroslava 
Published: August 2022

Background: Industry 4.0 is about to revolutionize engine maintenance and support systems with predictive and analytical technologies. Available academic research probes into different expert technologies but lacks a comprehensive overview of available standards and their interaction Methods: The study conducts a systematic review based on the PRISMA Concept 2020 to provide a systematic overview on articles empirically analyzing technologies for maintenance and repair using industry 4.0 technologies. Results: The review identifies four key development fields of industry 4.0 solutions for preventive engine maintenance and repair: sensor equipment, digital networks, technology integration and augmented behavior. All four technologies can be intertwined to implement industry 4.0 based solutions in the industry shopfloor. A cycle model illustrating this is derived. Conclusions: Industry 4.0 based maintenance and repair in the shopfloor is a promising technological development field but further research is required to utilize the individual technologies consistently and integrate them into a comprehensive digital shopfloor environment.
Productivity of mother pigs is lower, and mortality greater, in countries that still confine them in gestation crates
Authors: Schuck-Paim Cynthia , Alonso Wladimir J. 
Published: August 2022

Background: For decades, pig farmers have used gestation crates to confine pregnant sows. Gestation crates physically restrain sows for most of their life, preventing them from walking or turning around. Growing concern about animal welfare has been pressuring the industry for change, with recent legislation in several countries restricting the use of crates. Still, the notion that gestation crates negatively affect sow welfare has been challenged by producers in regions where crates are still used, who argue that, by facilitating health monitoring and preventing aggression, crates lead to lower sow mortality and higher piglet outputs per sow. We test whether these claims are valid by comparing these parameters across countries with different housing systems. Methods: We use publicly available data from InterPig, a network of pig production economists in 17 countries that provides harmonized methods for meaningful comparisons of production and cost indicators. We focus on the last five years (2015-2019) of data available. Annual sow mortality and the number of pigs sold per sow were compared among (1) countries where gestation crates are the norm (CRATE), (2) countries where gestation crates are restricted to four weeks after insemination (RESTRICTED), and (3) countries where gestation crates are banned (BANNED). Results: Sow mortality was significantly higher (F2,85=5.03;P=0.009), and annual pig production per sow significantly lower (F2,85=5.99;P=0.004), in the CRATE than in the RESTRICTED group. Conclusions: Claims of higher mortality and reduced productivity per sow in crate-free systems are not substantiated by this industry-validated dataset. While many factors differ among the country groups (e.g., genetics, nutrition, climate), the observation that factors other than crating have a greater influence on performance challenges claims of an overall negative effect of loose housing on the parameters investigated. This evidence should be considered in policies affecting the welfare of breeding pigs.
Managing the effect of magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence on radiomic feature reproducibility in the study of brain metastases
Authors: Mitchell Drew , Buszek Samantha , Tran Benjamin , Farhat Maguy , Goldman Jodi , Erickson Lily , Curl Brandon , Suki Dima , Ferguson Sherise D. , Liu Ho-Ling , Kundu Suprateek , Chung Caroline 
Published: August 2022

Background: Despite the promise of radiomics studies, their limited reproducibility has hindered meaningful clinical translation. Variability in study designs as well as image acquisition and processing contribute to unreproducible radiomic results. This work’s purpose was to (i) quantitatively compare variability of radiomic features extracted from 2-D spin echo (SE) and 3-D spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) T1-weighted post-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) images of brain metastases acquired within the same patient in a single imaging session, and (ii) provide a framework to inform data acquisition for reproducible radiomics studies. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 29 patients with pathologically-confirmed brain metastases and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images acquired using 2-D SE and 3-D SPGR sequences within one exam was identified. Metastases were segmented twice by different physicians using semi-automated methods. Radiomic features were extracted using PyRadiomics for 264 preprocessing variable combinations. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was computed between features extracted from images acquired by both pulse sequences and different tumor segmentations. Results: We provided general recommendations to improve MR-based radiomic feature reproducibility by clustering and identifying low-concordance features and processing variables. Median CCC between 2-D SE and 3-D SPGR (measuring feature agreement between pulse sequences) was greater for fixed bin count intensity discretization (0.76 versus 0.63) and specific high-concordance features (0.74 versus 0.53). Applying all recommendations improved median CCC from 0.51 to 0.79. Median CCC between contours (measuring feature sensitivity to inter-observer variability) was higher for 2-D SE (0.93 versus 0.86) but improved to 0.93 for 3-D SPGR after low-concordance feature exclusion. Conclusions: The following recommendations are proposed to improve reproducibility: 1) Fixed bin count intensity discretization for all studies, 2) for studies with 2-D and 3-D datasets, excluding high-variability features from downstream analyses, 3) when segmentation is manual or semi-automated, using only 2-D SE images or excluding features susceptible to segmentation variability.
Factors related to university teaching that influence academic success of international medical students in China
Authors: Jiang Qinxu , Horta Hugo , Yuen Mantak 
Published: August 2022

Background: Academic success of international medical students enrolled in Chinese universities is of great significance, because it directly influences their performance in the license exam and in obtaining a job. Insufficient research has been conducted on academics’ awareness of factors related to teaching that affect their students’ academic success. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics (N=36) from November 2020 to January 2021 at two medical universities in China. Each interview, lasting between 30 to 70-min, was audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The important teaching factors that academics perceived to influence the success of students are: (i) style of pedagogy, (ii) addressing students’ language difficulties and differences, (iii) teaching resources management, (iv) attributes of the academics, (v) supervision and guidance by the academics, (vi) rapport between the academic and student, (vii) linking teaching content to license exams, (viii) classroom discipline management, and (ix) assessment style. Conclusions: University faculties and departments that are involved in teaching international medical students need to ensure that academic staff are provided with ongoing professional development and resources to enhance teaching quality. The nine areas identified above should provide priority topics for such staff training.