bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antimicrobial effect of R-limonene and its nanoemulsion on Enterococcus faecalis - In vitro study
Authors: Seker Ilke Doga , Alacam Tayfun , Akca Gulcin , Yilmaz Aysel , Takka Sevgi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of pure R-limonene and its nanoemulsion formulation on Enterococcus faecalis-infected root canals.Materials and Methods: First, a nanoemulsion formulation of R-limonene was prepared with the phase inversion method. E. faecalis was cultivated and MIC/MBC values were determined using the macrodilution method. Then, standardized suspensions of E. faecalis were used for infecting the root canals of extracted teeth. Finally, pure R-limonene at the determined MIC/MBC dose, a nanoemulsion containing 20% R-limonene, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), and sterile saline solution were applied to the infected root canals for 7 days. The root canals were then sampled, droplets were plated onto Mueller-Hinton agar plates, and viable bacteria (CFU/mL) were counted. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction were used for the statistical analyses. The statistical significance was set to p<0.05.Results: The root canal samplings revealed no statistically significant differences among the test materials (p>0.05); all were significantly lower than the saline control values (p<0.05). None of the tested materials eliminated E. faecalis from the root canals.Conclusions: The antimicrobial effects of R-limonene, its 20% nanoemulsion, and Ca(OH)2 were similar in E. faecalis-infected root canals.Clinical Relevance: Nanoemulsions with their enhanced physicochemical properties have led research toward new prospects of treating and preventing intracanal infection. This study aimed to determine whether R-limonene nanoemulsion or natural form would be effective at eradicating E.faecalis within the root canal system.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Orchidopexy in Children with Cryptorchidism: Reducing the Need for an Inguinal Incision
Authors: Qiang Guo , Xia Li , WenWen Zhong , Lei Ye , Bing Yao , Bo Ma , Hu Qu , ZhongYang Wang , JianGuang Qiu , Dejuan Wang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study was to summarize our experience with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of boys with cryptorchidism.Methods: A retrospective study of laparoscopic orchidopexy (group A = 29) and laparoscopic ligation of the patent processus vaginalis (PPV) plus trans-scrotal orchidopexy (group B = 78) was conducted between July 2018 and July 2021.Results: Seven patients had to be converted to trans-inguinal surgery in group A. In the remaining 22 patients, successful laparoscopic orchidopexy was performed. The discharge rate on post-operative day 1 was 93.5%, but there was no difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The operative time of group B in bilateral cryptorchidism was significantly shorter than group A (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in the case of unilateral cryptorchidism (p > 0.05). There was no testicular retraction, testicular atrophy, inguinal hernia, or hydrocele during the follow-up period in both groups. Although the incidence of post-operative fever and poor wound healing in group B was higher than in group A, this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Laparoscopic and trans-scrotal surgery are safe and effective methods for patients with cryptorchidism, reducing the need for trans-inguinal surgery.
Coding-Elite Particle Swarm Optimization Searching of Moving Targets by UAVs
Authors: Xie Zixuan , Huang Xueyu , Liu Wenwen , Zhu Donglin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes an elite coded particle swarm optimization (CEPSO) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) search target motion for target detection in the shortest time. According to Bayesian theory, the problem of moving object searched is transformed into the optimization of cost function, which is used to describe the probability of moving objects being found. In order to better fit the problem, a coded elite particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to encode the search trajectory of the UAV as the movement path of the particle in the process of generation and evolution. This coding method uses the cognitive properties and social learning properties of particle swarms to generate better solutions. At the same time, in order to increase the diversity of particle swarms, a method of elite particle perturbation is used, which greatly improves the detection probability. In order to verify the superiority of the algorithm in this paper, a large number of simulation experiments are carried out on the existing methods. The experimental results show that compared with PSO, the detection probability of the proposed CEPSO is improved by 6.9%, and the time performance is improved by 8.5%. It also compares with other meta heuristic algorithms, including differential evolution (DE), artificial bee colony (ABC), harmony search (HS), biogeographic-based optimization (BBO), invasive weed optimization (IWO), teaching-learningbased Optimization (TLBO). The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has better detection accuracy and less detection time.
Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Service Utilization Concerns; a Qualitative Enquiry
Authors: Agbenu Innes , Kyei Josephine , Naab Florence 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Evidence globally indicates that female adolescents face numerous sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risks. Utilization of sexual reproductive health services among adolescents is of global health importance and plays a crucial role in adolescent sexual reproductive health outcomes and their quality of life. Aim: The current study explored the predisposing, need, and enabling factors influencing the utilization of sexual reproductive health services among female adolescents in one of the Metropolis in Southern Ghana.Methods: The study utilized a qualitative exploratory descriptive design and purposive sampling was used to select 12 female adolescents. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Each interviews lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic content analysis.Results: Three major themes (Predisposing, Need and Enabling factors) that influenced participant’s utilization of sexual reproductive health services were identified. Utilization of sexual reproductive health services among female adolescents is low in the metropolis. Factors such as unprotected non-consensual sexual activity or an unwanted pregnancy sometimes triggered the use of these services. Barriers to utilization were also established.Conclusion: To improve service utilization among female adolescents, there is the need for multi sectoral stakeholder engagements to develop and implement modifications to adolescent sexual reproductive health service design, implementation, and delivery
Neural responses to social decision-making in suicide attempters with mental disorders
Authors: Liu Shuang , Duan Moxin , Sun Yiwei , Wang Lingling , An Li , Ming Dong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Decision-making deficits have been reported in suicide attempters and may be a neuropsychological trait of vulnerability to suicidal behavior. However, little is known about how neural activity is altered in decision-making. This study aimed to investigate the neural responses in suicide attempters with mental disorders during social decision-making. Electroencephalography (EEG) were recorded from 52 patients with mental disorders with past suicide attempts (SAs = 26) and without past suicide attempts (NSAs = 26), as well as from 22 age- and sex- matched healthy controls (HCs) during the Ultimatum Game (UG), which is a typical paradigm to investigate the responses to fair and unfair decision-making. Methods: Event-related potential (ERP) and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) were extracted to quantify the neural activity. Furthermore, Spearman correlation and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors of suicidal behavior.Results: ERP analysis demonstrated that SA patients had decreased P2 amplitude and prolonged P2 latency when receiving unfair offers. Moreover, SA patients exhibited greater negative-going feedback-related negativity (FRN) to unfair offers compared to fair ones, whereas such a phenomenon was absent in NSA and HC groups. These results revealed that SA patients had a stronger fairness principle and a disregard toward the cost of punishment in social decision-making. Furthermore, theta-gamma and beta-gamma PAC were involved in decision-making, with compromised neural coordination in the frontal, central, and temporal regions in SA patients, suggesting cognitive dysfunction during social interaction. Statistically significant variables were used in logistic regression analysis. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve in the logistic regression model was 0.91 for SA/HC and 0.84 for SA/NSA. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize that suicide attempts in patients with mental disorders are associated with abnormal decision-making. P2, theta-gamma PAC, and beta-gamma PAC may be neuro-electrophysiological biomarkers associated with decision-making. These results provide neurophysiological signatures of suicidal behavior.
HPV 16 E7 Alters Translesion Synthesis Signaling
Authors: Wendel Sebastian O. , Stoltz Avanelle , Xu Xuan , Snow Jazmine A , Wallace Nicholas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A subset of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the cause of virtually every cervical cancer. These so called “high risk” HPVs two major oncogenes (HPV E6 and E7) that are necessary for transformation. Among "high risk” HPVs, HPV16 causes most cervical cancers and is often used as a representative model for oncogenic HPVs. HPV16 E7 facilitates the vial lifecycle by the binding and destabilizing RB, which ensures the virus has access to cellular replication machinery. RB destabilization increases E2F1-responsive gene expression and causes replication stress. While HPV16 E6 mitigates some of the deleterious effects associated with this replication stress by degrading p53, cells undergo separate adaptations to tolerate the stress. Here, we demonstrate that this includes the activation of the translesion synthesis (TLS) pathway, which prevents replication stress from causing replication fork collapse. We show that significantly elevated TLS gene expression is more common in cervical cancers than 14 out of 15 the other cancer types that we analyzed. In addition to increased TLS protein abundance, HPV16 E7 expressing cells have a reduced ability to induct a critical TLS factor (POLη) in response to replication stress inducing agents. Finally, we show that increased expression of at least one TLS gene is associated with improved survival for women with cervical cancer.
The Incidence of Surgical Intervention in Veterans Treated with Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum
Authors: Zucker Isaac , Nackeeran Sirpi , Masterson Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peyronie’s disease (PD) can be managed with surgery or intralesional injections of Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) however both are associated with side effects and variable results. It is unclear how many patients elect to undergo additional surgical correction after CCH. To answer this, we analyzed the Department of Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI) software. We performed a retrospective analysis over a 5-year period for patients with PD, at least one injection of CCH and surgical CPT codes. In total, 17,646 patients with PD were analyzed with 1,541 treated with CCH. Only 51 (3.3%) were treated with secondary surgical intervention after CCH. Three main surgical procedures were performed: penile plication (51%), penile prosthesis (29%) and plaque excision and grafting (20%). Of the 51 men who underwent surgical corrections post CCH, the most common reason was lack of response/residual curvature (62.8%), followed by ED (29.4%). Previous literature shows that CCH was effective for only 60.8% of patients, potentially leaving the remaining in need of additional treatment. Despite this we found that only 3.3% received secondary therapy in the VA medical system, with residual curvature being the most common reason.
Analysis of living habit risk factors for esophageal cancer in central China: a bi-center case-control study
Authors: Shen Peijun , Yuan Lingzhi , Zheng Shaopeng , Wu Dongwen , Li Xinmeng , Cai Ting , Yao Yao , Song Yunhe , Wang Fen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer remains a public health problem in many countries, especially developing countries. The early lifestyle preventive measures mentioned in the treatment guidelines for esophageal cancer are very limited. We aimed to To explore the correlation between unhealthy lifestyles and the incidence of esophageal cancer in areas with a high incidence of esophageal cancer in China and to provide evidence for clinical intervention in esophageal cancer prevention.Methods: Symptom and lifestyle/habit questionnaires included 19 items were designed. The questionnaire results were subjected to correlation analysis relative to esophageal cancer symptom onset. A total of 708 subjects (365 esophageal cancer, 343 non-esophageal cancer) enrolled from two hospitals in central China (Linzhou Esophageal Cancer Hospital and The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University) completed symptom and lifestyle/habit questionnaires. Results: The top lifestyle factors related to esophageal cancer were eating too fast, drinking, hot drinks, smoking and overeating. Univariate analysis showed that 15 factors, including male sex, smoking, drinking, eating too fast, overeating, hot drinks, and greasy food, were associated with esophageal cancer (p<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed the following risk factors for esophageal cancer [with odds ratios (ORs)]: drinking (3.445), hot drinks (2.656), overeating (2.068), eating too fast (1.857), strong tea (1.845), hard food (1.705), and smoking (1.690).Conclusion: The unhealthy lifestyles of patients in high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer in central China are significantly associated with the incidence of esophageal cancer. Lifestyle changes that address these factors, especially overeating and eating too fast, which are rarely studied or discussed despite being common, may improve esophageal cancer management and treatment outcomes. The present results may be used as a reference for preventive education and treatment.
Functional Results of Modified Mason-Allen Suture versus Horizontal Mattress Suture in the Arthroscopic Broström-Gould Procedure for Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Liu Jinlang , Chen Mingliang , Xu Tao , Tian Zhipeng , Xu Liuhai , Zhou You 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure (ABG) gained particular attention among clinicians and researchers due to its high rate of satisfactory results. At present, there is a lack of evidence regarding the differences in clinical outcomes for the difference suture method. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in clinical effect in patients treated with one-anchor modified Mason-Allen suture or two-anchor horizontal mattress suture for chronic ankle instability (CAI).Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined CAI patients who underwent either one-anchor modified Mason-Allen suture or two-anchor horizontal mattress suture ABG between January 2018 and January 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the suture knot type used and associated number of anchors. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Score, Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), the rate of return to sports, complications, and measured biomechanical strength using standardized equipment in both groups.Results: A total of 64 CAI patients were included (one-anchor modified Mason-Allen suture group n=30, two-anchor horizontal mattress suture group n=34). There were no postoperative complications in two groups, and no significant differences in the VAS, AOFAS and KAFS in postoperative follow-up between two groups, and no significant differences in the rate of return to sports and postoperative ligament strength between two groups at 1 and 2 years after surgery. The operative time of one-anchor modified Mason-Allen suture group were significantly lower (27.0±4.7 min vs 41.5±5.9 min). Conclusion: ABG using one-anchor modified Mason-Allen suture showed comparable clinical results to two-anchor horizontal mattress suture in the treatment of CAI at intermediate-term follow-up time. But one-anchor modified Mason-Allen suture may be a faster, simpler and cost-effective substitute technology.Level of Evidence: Level Ⅲ, comparative study.
Study on spark resistance calculation of discharge channel during capacitor short- circuit
Authors: WANG Dangshu , YANG Yaqiang , LIU Shulin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
According to the law of conservation of energy and the characteristic curve of capacitor short-circuit discharge, this paper studies the relationship between the circuit parameters and the spark resistance and spark current of the discharge channel during spark discharge. Considering the influence of field emission and Thomson discharge, a mathematical model of micro-nano gap discharge is established. And the time relationship between spark resistance and discharge current including voltage, capacitance, pole distance, and other parameters is derived. Based on the programmable micro-nano gap discharge experimental platform, experiments under different voltages and different capacitances were carried out. The experimental data were compared with the theoretical curve derived by partial weighted regression fitting, and it was found that the theoretical resistance current curve fits well with the experimental fitting curve. Through analysis, we can get: Under different voltages and capacitances, the spark resistance shows a trend of rapid decline first and then slowly rise; the change of the external voltage has no obvious effect on the discharge time, but the peak discharge current will increase accordingly; the increase in capacitance significantly increases the peak discharge current, and the discharge time also significantly increases. The research shows the correctness and accuracy of the theoretical analysis and the proposed model. Through this research, we can further research the energy changes in the discharge gap, which is of great significance to the research of intrinsically safe circuits.
Prognostic significance of lung metastasis-related finding in lenvatinib treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Yamazaki Haruhiko , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Masudo Katsuhiko , Toda Soji , Matsui Ai , Rino Yasushi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to analyze the clinical course of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who were treated by lenvatinib and investigate the specific criteria for the initiation of lenvatinib treatment in lung metastasis.MethodsA total of 111 patients with DTC treated by lenvatinib were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the target lesion for the initiation of lenvatinib treatment: lung metastasis group and other metastases group.ResultsIn the univariate analysis, the tumor size for the target lesion (p = 0.002) and target lesion (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that the target lesion [hazard ratio, 0.408; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.206–0.810; p = 0.010] was the only independent prognostic factor of OS. Of the 53 patients in the lung metastasis group, 12 (23%) had lung metastasis-related finding such as pleural effusion (n = 12), hemoptysis (n = 2), and dyspnea (n = 1) at the initiation of lenvatinib treatment. The median OS in patients with or without lung metastasis-related findings were 41.0 [95% CI, 10.4–not available (NA)] months and 62.9 (95% CI, 53.0–NA) months, respectively (p = 0.022).ConclusionPatients with lung metastasis-related finding at the initiation of lenvatinib treatment had a poorer prognosis among the lung metastasis group. It is important to consider not only the tumor size but also the presence of lung metastasis-related findings when initiating lenvatinib treatment for DTC patients with lung metastasis.
Proximal bronchiolar adenoma with malignant transformation to invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with 4 years follow-up: A case report
Authors: yin ke , Xu XiaoYing , Ma Guoyuan , Zhang Junlei , Liu Jixuan , Ma Dongxu , Chen Xueyang , Feng Xinzhi , Lin Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Plant molybdenum uptake as mediated by synergism with phosphorus but antagonism with sulfur in a fertilized and mown meadow
Authors: Li Yanyan , Wang Ruzhen , Wang Bin , Zhang Ying , Gu Baitao , Wang Zhirui , Liu Heyong , Yang Lijuan , Jiang Yong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose Whether molybdenum (Mo) addition promotes Mo uptake by plants in nitrogen-fertilized ecosystems may depend on nutrient interactions. But this has rarely been paid attention to in continuously mown and nutrient-losing grassland ecosystems. Methods We investigated Mo uptake by three dominant species and how it varied with plant phosphorus and sulfur concentrations after 6-year combined nitrogen and Mo addition and mowing management in a cold meadow. Results Molybdenum addition increased Mo concentrations in the three plant species across all treatments due to increased soil available Mo. Without Mo addition, nitrogen addition significantly reduced Mo concentrations of Leymus chinensis irrespectively of mowing and of Stipa baicalensis with mowing. With Mo addition, the negative nitrogen-addition effect on plant Mo absorption was boosted for all plant species. This could be due to the fact that increases in plant sulfur absorption possibly induced antagonistic effects on plant Mo uptake. Additionally, reductions in plant phosphorus concentration weakened the synergistic uptake of Mo by plants with nitrogen addition, except for Carex duriuscula. Mowing only reduced Mo concentration of S. baicalensis without nitrogen addition under Mo addition. Conclusions Our results indicated that plant Mo deficiency could occur in nitrogen-fertilized ecosystems via nutrient interplay, facilitating it a necessity to supplement Mo.
Difference of the pathogenicity and humoral immune status in Chinese virulent genotype GIIa and GIIb porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain infected conventional one-and two-month-old weaned pigs.
Authors: zhang liping , Yu Ruiming , Zhang Zhongwang , Zhou Peng , Lv Jianliang , Wang Yonglu , Pan Li , Liu Xinsheng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although the pathogenicity of GII-genotype PEDV strains infected pigs have been extensively studied, little is known about the differences in pathogenicity and humoral immune status between the GIIa and GIIb subgenotypes. Hence, in the present study, we compared the differences of pathogenicity and humoral immunity status in one-and two-month-old weaned pigs elicited by Chinese virulent genotype GIIa (CH/HBXT/2018) and GIIb (CH/HNPJ/2017) PEDV strains. The results showed that all pigs in one-and two-month-old infected with GIIa strain developed severe diarrhea (100%), while the morbidity of GIIb strain in one-and two-month-old pigs were 80% (4/5) and 20% (2/5), respectively. GIIa strain produced higher levels of PEDV specific IgG, IgA and VN antibodies compared GIIb strain in the study. Taken together, the data presented indicate that GIIa strain was more pathogenic and produced higher levels of PEDV specific antibodies.