bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contractional salt deformation in a recently inverted basin: Miocene to current salt deformation within the central Algerian basin
Authors: Blondel Simon , Bellucci Massimo , Evans Sian , Del Ben Anna , Camerlenghi Angelo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractField analogues illustrating the early stage of deformation of shortening structures in salt‐bearing orogenic fold‐and‐thrust belts are not yet well illustrated in literature. The relatively young Messinian salt of the Algerian basin could represent a good case example of such systems. The Algerian Basin is a deep‐water Miocene back‐arc basin including a layer of mobile Messinian evaporites up to 2 km thick. The Messinian salt was deposited in an already inverted basin, after its extensive stage. Its inversion initiated in the Tortonian, with a N‐NW shortening induced by the north‐westward motion of the African plate. In this study, we use new 2D multichannel seismic data to identify, classify and map salt structures throughout the central Algerian Basin and re‐assess its structural style. We interpret contractional salt tectonic structures, such as buckle folds, squeezed diapirs and related salt sheets as evidence of regional thick‐skinned shortening episodes. We conclude that horizontal displacement loading has driven salt deformation within the basin since its deposition. We also show spatial variations in the structural style of the central Algerian Basin, both along‐ and down‐dip. We demonstrate that the initial shortening‐related salt deformation in the late Messinian was focussed along the Algerian margin and later shifted outward toward the Balearic margin in the Plio‐Quaternary. The shifting of the deformation front is interpreted to be a result of the thickening and strengthening of the overburden. The second peak of deformation may have reactivated faults along the Emile‐Baudot escarpment with thick‐skinned deformation. We also observe a variation in the intensity of the salt deformation along the margin from SW to NE, which may be due to variable tectonic loading applied along the Algerian margin or the pre‐shortening distribution of salt.
The importance of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 and ADAM17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Gül Ceren , Kilic Sevilay , Şehitoğlu Müşerref Hilal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by inflammation, hyperproliferation and neoangiogenesis. The disease pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The proteins, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 and ADAM17, are important proteases serving as regulators of inflammation.AimTo determine the role of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through the comparison of their serum levels in patients with psoriasis and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsIn total, 179 participants (90 patients with psoriasis and 89 HCs) were enrolled in the study. Levels of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in serum were measured by ELISA for each participant from the patient and HC groups. The statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS (V19.0) and P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean values for serum ADAM10 and ADAM17 were, respectively, 3.1 ± 2.2 and 76.5 ± 31.1 in the psoriasis group and 8.6 ± 3.7 and 29.5 ± 22.4 in the HC group. A statistically significant difference between the patient and HC groups was detected for both ADAM10 and ADAM17 levels (P = 0.001).ConclusionConsidering the high levels of ADAM17 in the psoriasis group, ADAM17 protease might have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, while the low levels of ADAM10 might be attributable to its regulatory effect on keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation.
‘I just want my parenting to be able to be better than what it is’: A qualitative exploration of parenting strengths and needs of mothers experiencing homelessness
Authors: Owens Caitlyn R. , Stokes Mc Kenzie N. , Haskett Mary E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPerspectives of parents themselves should be central in framing services delivered to families experiencing homelessness. We explored the strengths and positive features of mother–child relationships and insight into mothers' views of the impact of living in shelters. We conducted qualitative coding of the Five‐Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) of 41 mothers of young children. Results revealed a wide variety of strategies that mothers used to promote their children's resilient functioning. This included focusing on their children's strengths, providing unconditional love and engaging in positive activities together. Mothers also voiced varied approaches to parenting, including many positive practices. Mothers' FMSS included ways that living in the shelter had a negative impact on their child's functioning, and they reported negative changes in their relationship with their child since moving into the shelter. Finally, mothers discussed ways in which living in the shelter had influenced their parenting styles and approaches to discipline. We discuss implications of the findings for supporting families residing in shelters, and we provide recommendations for further research.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the ancient spider family Filistatidae (Araneae) is consistent both with long‐distance dispersal and vicariance following continental drift
Authors: Magalhaes Ivan L. F. , Ramírez Martín J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFilistatids, the crevice weavers, are an ancient family of cribellate spiders without extant close relatives. As one of the first lineages of araneomorph spiders, they present a complicated mixture of primitive and derived characters that make them a key taxon to elucidate the phylogeny of spiders, as well as the evolution of phenotypic characters in this group. Their moderate diversity (187 species in 19 genera) is distributed mainly in arid and semi‐arid subtropical zones of all continents, except Antarctica. The objective of this paper is to generate a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for this family to advance the understanding of its morphological evolution and biogeography, as well as lay the basis for a natural classification scheme. By studying the morphology using optical and electronic microscopy techniques, we produced a matrix of 302 morphological characters coded for a sample of 103 species of filistatids chosen to represent the phylogenetic diversity of the family. In addition, we included sequences of four molecular markers (COI, 16S, H3 and 28S; 3787 aligned positions) of 70 filistatid species. The analysis of the data (morphological, molecular, and combined) consistently indicates the separation of the Filistatidae into two subfamilies, Prithinae and Filistatinae, in addition to supporting several groups of genera: Filistata, Zaitunia and an undescribed genus from Madagascar; Sahastata and Kukulcania; all Prithinae except Filistatinella and Microfilistata; Antilloides and Filistatoides; a large Old World group including Pritha, Tricalamus, Afrofilistata, Labahitha, Yardiella, Wandella and putative new genera; and a South American group formed by Lihuelistata, Pikelinia and Misionella. Pholcoides is transferred to Filistatinae and Microfilistata is transferred to Prithinae, and each represents the sister group to the remaining genera of its own subfamily. Most genera are valid, although Pikelinia is paraphyletic with respect to Misionella, so we consider the two genera as synonyms and propose a few new generic combinations. Considering the new phylogenetic hypothesis, we discuss the evolution of some morphological character systems and the biogeography of the family. The ages of divergence between clades were estimated using a total‐evidence tip‐dating approach by including fossils of Filistatidae and early spider clades; this approach resulted in younger age estimates than those obtained with traditional node‐dating. Filistatidae is an ancient family that started diversifying in the Mesozoic and most genera date to the Cretaceous. Clades displaying transcontinental distributions were most likely affected by continental drift, but at least one clade shows unequivocal signs of transoceanic long‐distance dispersal.
Wearing a surgical mask: Effects on gas exchange and hemodynamic responses during maximal exercise
Authors: Alkan Büşra , Özalevli Sevgi , Sert Özlem A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe importance of using masks during exercise has increased since the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). This study aimed to investigate the effects of using surgical masks on gas exchange and exercise responses in maximal exercise. Twenty‐six participants were included. Participants performed the maximal exercise tests twice, masked, and unmasked. Gas exchange parameters (at maximal exercise and anaerobic threshold [AT]) and hemodynamic responses were measured. In the hemodynamic responses measured at rest, only the saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) was lower in the masked (mean: 97.23 ± 1.33%) measurement than in the unmasked (mean: 97.96 ± 1.07%) measurement (p = 0.006). Test duration was lower in the masked test (unmasked: 10.32 ± 1.36 min vs. masked: 10.03 ± 1.42 min, p = 0.030). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) (unmasked: 31.23 ± 5.37 vs. masked: 27.03 ± 6.46 ml/kg/min), minute ventilation (VE) l/min, and energy expenditure (EE) kcal/hour were higher in unmasked tests (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the gas exchange parameters measured at the AT in the masked and unmasked tests (p > 0.05). Respiratory gas exchange parameters were affected in peak exercise due to increased respiratory workload, but not at the AT. There was no change in hemodynamic responses because vascular control may not be affected by mask usage.
Comparative phylogeography in a marine biodiversity hotspot provides novel insights into evolutionary processes across the Atlantic‐Indian Ocean transition
Authors: Dalongeville Alicia , Nielsen Erica S. , Teske Peter R. , von der Heyden Sophie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimIntraspecific genetic variation is a key component of biodiversity, with higher diversity indicating greater resilience and population substructuring suggesting unique evolutionary histories. Comparative approaches, in which intraspecific genetic variation is assessed across multiple species, are powerful tools to identify evolutionary hotspots, but are still rarely applied at spatial scales relevant to conservation planning. Here, we use comparative phylogeography to understand patterns and potential drivers of genetic variation within a biodiversity and ocean warming hotspot.LocationThe South African coastline, Indian/Atlantic Oceans.MethodsA literature search was conducted to obtain mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidasecsubunit I and cytochromebsequence data for 17 marine fish and invertebrate species. From these data, we compared averages of haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and within‐region ΦSTbetween four biogeographic provinces in the region. Mixed linear models tested whether environmental variability, habitat preference, or geographic location significantly influence genetic variation.ResultsAverage diversity values differed between haplotype and nucleotide diversity, but both broadly displayed highest diversity levels within the South‐West bioregion, which is also a region of high levels of within‐region ΦST. Range in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) was the only significant fixed‐effect term in the haplotype diversity mixed linear models. Mean SST, stability in SSTs since the Mid‐Holocene and position within the species' geographic distribution all had no significant effect on genetic variation.Main conclusionsAlong this coastline characterized by high environmental heterogeneity, we find that variation in temperature is a prominent source of intraspecific variation. Genetic diversity differs between bioregions, but does not display higher levels within the core of each species’ range when assessed across multiple species. With elevated levels of genetic diversity, the South‐West region of the South African coast is highlighted as a conservation priority area, representing both high genetic diversity and differentiation across taxa.
Delineating biogeographic regions in Indian Ocean deep‐sea vents and implications for conservation
Authors: Zhou Yadong , Chen Chong , Zhang Dongsheng , Wang Yejian , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Sun Jin , Bissessur Dass , Zhang Ruiyan , Han Yuru , Sun Dong , Xu Peng , Lu Bo , Zhai Hongchang , Han Xiqiu , Tao Chunhui , Qiu Zhongyan , Sun Yanan , Liu Zhensheng , Qiu Jian‐Wen , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe pattern of biodiversity and biogeography is crucial to informing management and conservation strategy. But a lack of study across multiple ridge systems, especially for the Carlsberg Ridge, has hampered the conception of the overall picture for the Indian Ocean vents, a top target for deep‐sea exploration of massive sulphides. Here, we aim to characterize fauna from three new vent fields on the Carlsberg Ridge for the first time, and answer 1) what is the biogeographic pattern for vent fauna within the Indian Ocean and 2) how does this pattern guide the future environmental management on the Indian Ocean ridges.LocationVents on the Carlsberg Ridge (CR), Central Indian Ridge (CIR), and Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).TaxonMacrofauna.MethodsSamples, still images and videos were collected from vent fields by either submersible or TV‐guided grab. A comprehensive dataset of 11 fields on Indian Ocean ridges were obtained based on taxa identification and compilation. Genetic connectivity was analysed for six species using COI sequences. A framework for identifying biogeographic regions based on beta diversity measurement βsim was employed to reveal species turnover along the Indian Ocean ridges.ResultsFaunal assemblages at three new vents on the CR hosted a total of 34 species. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between southern SWIR and CIR (plus Tiancheng) for three species, and between CIR (plus Tiancheng) and CR for four species. Hierarchical clustering of βsim support division of the Indian Ocean vents into three clades.Main conclusionsSpecies turnover along the ridges supported the separation of Indian Ocean vents into three discrete biogeographic units, boundaries between which largely corresponded to genetic breaks for shared species with lower dispersal capabilities. The results clearly show that the conservation of Indian Ocean vents must target three provinces, simultaneously.
Protective and risk factors associated with involved fatherhood in a traditional culture
Authors: Kisbu Yasemin , Akçinar Berna , Kuşcul G. Hilal , Bozok Mehmet , Turunç Gamze , Fişek Güler 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveConsistent with ecological systems theory and the heuristic model of parental behavior dynamics, the current study is focused on both individual and contextual factors that determine fatherhood involvement in the context of a traditional patriarchal culture.BackgroundFather–child interaction during the early childhood period is a salient factor in predicting later child outcomes. However, studies on antecedents of involved fatherhood are scarce, mostly concentrated on one aspect of fathering behavior, and limited to few cultural contexts.MethodData were collected from a representative urban sample of fathers of preschoolers in Turkey (N = 1,070). Different components of fatherhood involvement were assessed to project three distinct paternal behavior dimensions as care, affection, and control.ResultsFather role satisfaction, psychological value attributed to the child, and perceived family support were positively associated with involved fatherhood and higher parental warmth. Working hours per day was negatively associated with involved fatherhood, as expected. Higher life satisfaction was associated with higher positive parenting. Patriarchal views of masculinity were found to be the main predictor of parental physical punishment, controlling for all other predictors in the model.ConclusionStudy findings emphasized the importance of factors other than parenting skills that contribute to fathers' parental effectiveness.ImplicationsOur study's findings have implications for family practices and policies. For example, besides parenting skills, father support programs should also focus on other factors such as developing awareness of traditional masculinity norms and gender role prescriptions that can harm democratic family environments and childcare practices.
Warmer water temperatures exacerbate the negative impacts of inundation on herbaceous riparian plants
Authors: Main Alanna C. , Greet Joe , Vivian Lyndsey M. , Jones Christopher S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

In temperate climates with cool‐season (winter/spring) dominated rainfall, river regulation typically reduces natural flow peaks and increases warm‐season flows for irrigation, often to the detriment of stream health. However, the mechanisms driving seasonal effects of elevated river flows on herbaceous plants are not well understood. Our study aimed to improve understanding of the role of water temperature in herbaceous plant responses to season of inundation to inform flow management in temperate regulated rivers.

In a tank‐based experiment in late spring, we tested the effect of inundation durations typical of environmental or managed flow pulses (0–36 days) in both cool (ambient, c. 18°C) and artificially warmed water (c. 23°C) on eight herbaceous plant species selected across a range of expected inundation tolerances, growth forms, and origins (locally exotic or native).

All species showed negative effects of inundation and greater reductions in survival and/or growth with longer inundation durations, and inundation tolerance varied among species as expected. Plants inundated in warm water died faster and/or at higher proportions than those inundated in cool water, for inundation intolerant to moderately inundation‐tolerant species, with no mortality effects in highly inundation‐tolerant species. Plant growth was relatively unaffected by temperature, except for minor reductions in growth and biomass, primarily in response to warm compared to cool inundation.

Our study clearly demonstrates that extended inundation was detrimental to all species tested and that warmer water exacerbated these negative effects, especially for inundation‐intolerant and moderately inundation‐tolerant plant species. This suggests that warm‐season flows in temperate regulated rivers should be short in duration to reduce the risk of damage to vegetation in riparian zones.

Our findings strengthen our mechanistic understanding of herbaceous plant responses to inundation in different seasons, providing further evidence that water temperature is a key factor affecting these responses.
Re‐assessment of the climatic controls on the carbon and water fluxes of a boreal aspen forest over 1996–2016: Changing sensitivity to long‐term climatic conditions
Authors: Liu Peng , Barr Alan G. , Zha Tianshan , Black T. Andrew , Jassal Rachhpal S. , Nesic Zoran , Helgason Warren D. , Jia Xin , Tian Yun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that the relationships between climate and boreal tree growth are generally non‐stationary; however, it remains uncertain whether the relationships between climate and carbon (C) fluxes of boreal forests are stationary or have changed over recent decades. In this study, we used continuous eddy‐covariance and microclimate data over 21 years (1996–2016) from a 100‐year‐old trembling aspen stand in central Saskatchewan, Canada to assess the relationships between climate and ecosystem C and water fluxes. Over the study period, the most striking climatic event was a severe, 3‐year drought (2001–2003). Gross ecosystem production (GEP) showed larger interannual variability than ecosystem respiration (Re) over 1996–2016, but Re was the dominant component contributing to the interannual variation in net ecosystem production (NEP) during post‐drought years. The interannual variations in evapotranspiration (ET) and C fluxes were primarily driven by temperature and secondarily by water availability. Two‐factor linear models combining precipitation and temperature performed well in explaining the interannual variation in C and water fluxes (R2 > .5). The temperature sensitivities of all three C fluxes (NEP, GEP and Re) declined over the study period (p < .05), and, as a result, the phenological controls on annual NEP weakened. The decreasing temperature sensitivity of the C fluxes may reflect changes in forest structure, related to the over‐maturity of the aspen stand at 100 years of age, and exacerbated by high tree mortality following the severe 2001–2003 drought. These results may provide an early warning signal of driver shift or even an abrupt status shift of aspen forest dynamics. They may also imply a universal weakening in the relationship between temperature and GEP as forests become over‐mature, associated with the structural and compositional changes that accompany forest ageing.
Impact of Portuguese propolis on keratinocyte proliferation, migration and ROS protection: Significance for applications in skin products
Authors: Saraiva Nuno , Nicolai Marisa , Martins Marta , Almeida Nuno , Gusmini Matteo , Maurício Elisabete Muchagato , Duarte Maria Paula , Gonçalves Margarida , Baby André Rolim , Fernandes Ana , Rosado Catarina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivePropolis has been used since antiquity, but recent reports of its biological properties hint that it could be employed as a topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredient. This work aims to probe the action of Portuguese propolis extracts on skin cells, providing mechanistic insights into its mode of action and preliminarily assessing its applicability as a skin repair ingredient.MethodsThe total phenolic content of propolis extracts was measured by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The cytotoxic effect of propolis extracts in human keratinocytes was determined and non‐cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts were used to study the impact on collective cell migration, cell cycle and intracellular ROS levels.Resultso significant impact was observed in collective cell migration, but one of the extracts mildly increased G2 phase while reducing the % of sub‐G1 at a non‐cytotoxic concentration. The two extracts with higher phenolic content strongly prevented intracellular cellular ROS accumulation upon exposure to TBHP. Collectively, these results indicate that the putative beneficial effects of propolis extracts in skin repair may not be attributable to induction of collective cell migration but could be partially ascribed to the protection from oxidative stress, which could act in synergy with its well‐known antimicrobial activity.ConclusionThese data support the applicability of this material in topical and cosmetic formulations and further in vivo assays should be conducted to fully characterize its efficacy and safety.