bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and crystal structure of Ge(SO4)2
Authors: Daub Michael , Lindel Julien , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColourless single crystals of Ge(SO4)2 were obtained as single phase products from the binary oxides GeO2 and SO3. The reaction was carried out in a silica glass ampule enclosed in an autoclave at 350 °C. Ge(SO4)2 forms a layer structure with corner‐linked GeO6 octahedra and SO4 tetrahedra. The crystal structure (R
c, Z=6, a=4.622 Å, c=42.576 Å) belongs to the Ni(ClO4)2‐type. The SO4 tetrahedra are rotated by 24°. The sense of rotation alternates between adjacent layers. This rotation is connected to a super structure with a doubled c‐axis and a disorder between the layers according to the sense of rotation. Ge(SO4)2 is one of the very rare examples of a sulphate of a tetravalent cation and is the representative with the smallest ionic radius. Lattice energy calculations confirm the electrostatic consistency. Vibrational spectra were recorded and show the typical features of GeO6 and SO4 units.
Existence results for a morphoelastic model
Authors: Davoli Elisa , Nik Katerina , Stefanelli Ulisse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present some existence results for three‐dimensional quasistatic morphoelasticity. The state of the growing body is described by its deformation and the underlying growth tensor and is ruled by the interplay of hyperelastic energy minimization and growth dynamics. By introducing a regularization in the model, we prove that solutions can be obtained as limits of time‐discrete solutions, built by means of an exponential‐update scheme. By further allowing the dependence of growth dynamics on an additional scalar field, to be interpreted as a nutrient or inhibitor, we formulate an optimal control problem and prove existence of optimal controls and states. Eventually, we tackle the existence of coupled morphoelastic and nutrient solutions, when the latter is allowed to diffuse and interact with the growing body.
Bias
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdopting a quadratic loss, the performance of an estimator can be measured in terms of its mean squared error which decomposes into a variance and a bias component. This introductory chapter contains two linear regression examples which describe the importance of designing estimators able to well balance these two components. The first example will deal with estimation of the means of independent Gaussians. We will review the classical least squares approach which, at first sight, could appear the most appropriate solution to the problem. Remarkably, we will instead see that this unbiased approach can be dominated by a particular biased estimator, the so-called James–Stein estimator. Within this book, this represents the first example of regularized least squares, an estimator which will play a key role in subsequent chapters. The second example will deal with a classical system identification problem: impulse response estimation. A simple numerical experiment will show how the variance of least squares can be too large, hence leading to unacceptable system reconstructions. The use of an approach, known as ridge regression, will give first simple intuitions on the usefulness of regularization in the system identification scenario.
Regularization of Linear Regression Models
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLinear regression models are widely used in statistics, machine learning and system identification. They allow to face many important problems, are easy to fit and enjoy simple analytical properties. The simplest method to fit linear regression models is least squares whose systematic treatment is available in many textbooks, e.g., [35, Chap. 4], [12]. Linear regression models can be fitted also in different way and a class of methods that we will consider in this chapter is the so-called regularized least squares. It is an extension of least squares which minimizes the sum of the square loss function and a regularization term. This latter can take various forms, leading to several variants which have been applied extensively in theory as well as in practical applications. In this chapter, we will focus on these methods and introduce their fundamentals. In the first part of the appendix to this chapter, we also report some basic results of linear algebra useful for the reading.
Regularization in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces for Linear System Identification
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the previous parts of the book, we have studied how to handle linear system identification by using regularized least squares (ReLS) with finite-dimensional structures given, e.g., by finite impulse response (FIR) models. In this chapter, we cast this approach in the RKHS framework developed in the previous chapter. We show that ReLS with quadratic penalties can be reformulated as a function estimation problem in the finite-dimensional RKHS induced by the regularization matrix. This leads to a new paradigm for linear system identification that provides also new insights and regularization tools to handle infinite-dimensional problems, involving, e.g., IIR and continuous-time models. For all this class of problems, we will see that the representer theorem ensures that the regularized impulse response is a linear and finite combination of basis functions given by the convolution between the system input and the kernel sections. We then consider the issue of kernel estimation and introduce several tuning methods that have close connections with those related to the regularization matrix discussed in Chap. 3. Finally, we introduce the notion of stable kernels, that induce RKHSs containing only absolutely summable impulse responses and study minimax properties of regularized impulse response estimation.
Numerical Experiments and Real World Cases
Authors: Pillonetto Gianluigi , Chen Tianshi , Chiuso Alessandro , De Nicolao Giuseppe , Ljung Lennart 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter collects some numerical experiments to test the performance of kernel-based approaches for discrete-time linear system identification. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we will compare the performance of kernel-based methods with the classical PEM approaches described in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-95860-2_2. Simulated and real data are included, concerning a robotic arm, a hairdryer and a problem of temperature prediction. We conclude the chapter by introducing the so-called multi-task learning where several functions (tasks) are simultaneously estimated. This problem is significant if the tasks are related to each other so that measurements taken on a function are informative with respect to the other ones. A problem involving real pharmacokinetics data, related to the so-called population approaches, is then illustrated. Results will be often illustrated by using MATLAB boxplots. As already mentioned in Sect. 7.2, when commenting Fig. 7.8, the median is given by the central mark while the box edges are the 25th and 75th percentiles. The whiskers extend to the most extreme fits not seen as outliers. Then, the outliers are plotted individually.
Process Mining for Process Improvement - An Evaluation of Analysis Practices
Authors: Kubrak Kateryna , Milani Fredrik , Nolte Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganizations have a vital interest in continuously improving their business processes. Process analysts can use process mining tools that provide data-driven discovery and analysis of business processes to achieve this. Current research has mainly focused on creating and evaluating new tools or reporting process mining case studies from different domains. Although usage of process mining has increased in industry, insights into how analysts work with such methods to identify improvement opportunities have consequently been limited. To reduce this gap, we conducted an exploratory interview study of seven process analysts from different domains. Our findings indicate that process analysts assess improvement opportunities by their impact, the feasibility of required implementation, and stakeholders’ input. Furthermore, our results indicate that process mining tools, when used to identify improvement opportunities, do not provide sufficient support for analysis, requiring process analysts to use additional tools. Lastly, analysts use storytelling to frame and communicate their findings to various stakeholders.
Data-Driven Analysis of Batch Processing Inefficiencies in Business Processes
Authors: Lashkevich Katsiaryna , Milani Fredrik , Chapela-Campa David , Dumas Marlon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBatch processing reduces processing time in a business process at the expense of increasing waiting time. If this trade-off between processing and waiting time is not analyzed, batch processing can, over time, evolve into a source of waste in a business process. Therefore, it is valuable to analyze batch processing activities to identify waiting time wastes. Identifying and analyzing such wastes present the analyst with improvement opportunities that, if addressed, can improve the cycle time efficiency (CTE) of a business process. In this paper, we propose an approach that, given a process execution event log, (1) identifies batch processing activities, (2) analyzes their inefficiencies caused by different types of waiting times to provide analysts with information on how to improve batch processing activities. More specifically, we conceptualize different waiting times caused by batch processing patterns and identify improvement opportunities based on the impact of each waiting time type on the CTE. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach to a real-life event log.
Process Mining: A Guide for Practitioners
Authors: Milani Fredrik , Lashkevich Katsiaryna , Maggi Fabrizio Maria , Di Francescomarino Chiara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the last years, process mining has significantly matured and has increasingly been applied by companies in industrial contexts. However, with the growing number of process mining methods, practitioners might find it difficult to identify which ones to apply in specific contexts and to understand the specific business value of each process mining technique. This paper’s main objective is to develop a business-oriented framework capturing the main process mining use cases and the business-oriented questions they can answer. We conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and we used the review and the extracted data to develop a framework that (1) classifies existing process mining use cases connecting them to specific methods implementing them, and (2) identifies business-oriented questions that process mining use cases can answer. Practitioners can use the framework to navigate through the available process mining use cases and to identify the process mining methods suitable for their needs.
Koproduktion kommunaler Daseinsvorsorge – Chancen und Risiken
Authors: Rappen Hermann 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungViele Kommunen stehen vor dem Problem, Leistungen der Daseinsvorsorge sicherzustellen, obwohl sich soziale, wirtschaftliche und fiskalische Probleme vor Ort zusammenballen. Kommunale Koproduktionen sollen hier Abhilfe schaffen. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragt der Beitrag, welche kommunalen Aufgaben für die Koproduktion geeignet sind, welche Organisations- und Finanzierungsmodelle es hierfür gibt und welche Chancen und Risiken damit verbunden sind.
Kommunale Innovationslabore für eine nachhaltige Stadtgesellschaft
Authors: Wascher Eva 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Städte Dortmund und Wuppertal haben in einem dreijährigen Projektkommunale Labore sozialer Innovationals Orte und Prozesse zur Förderung neuer Praktiken in der Stadtgesellschaft aufgebaut. Der Beitrag ordnet diese Form von Innovationslabor im Bereich von Politik- und Verwaltungsinnovation sowie nachhaltigkeitsbezogener Innovationspolitik ein und beschreibt sie damit als Instrument einertransformativen urbanen Governance.Es wird darüber hinaus gezeigt, welche Elemente bei der Entwicklungkommunaler Labore sozialer Innovationbedeutsam sind, und anhand der Städtebeispiele veranschaulicht, wie mit dem Instrument in beiden Kommunen Nachhaltigkeitsinnovationen koproduktiv auf den Weg gebracht wurden.
Partizipative Entwicklung von Lösungsansätzen für Zielkonflikte der Nachhaltigkeit auf kommunaler Ebene
Authors: Böhm Birgit , Böhm Linda , Böttcher Fabian , Richter Frauke , Sell-Greiser Christiane 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungKommunen bewegen sich in einem komplexen Geflecht aus Vorschriften und Zielvorgaben unterschiedlicher Ebenen. Dazu gehören auch übergeordnete Ziele für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung und eigene Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Kommune, die nicht immer miteinander im Einklang stehen. Eine gleichwertige Realisierung ist schwierig – Zielkonflikte der Nachhaltigkeit treten auf. Die Auseinandersetzung mit diesen und die Suche nach Lösungsansätzen sind von hoher Relevanz, um die zukunftsfähige Handlungsfähigkeit der Kommunen zu sichern. Im Vorhaben LAZIK N2030 wurden Lösungsansätze gemeinsam mit der Bevölkerung, Expert*innen und jungen Menschen partizipativ entwickelt.
Open Government
Authors: von Lucke Jörn , Gollasch Katja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel bietet eine Einführung in das Konzept Open Government. Dabei werden die theoretischen Grundlagen und Ursprünge eines offenen Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandelns auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene vermittelt. Ebenso werden die Möglichkeiten, die sich für Staat und Verwaltung durch die Nutzung des Internets und insbesondere der Web 2.0-Dienste ergeben, aufgezeigt sowie die sogenannten Open-Government-Trends im sechsstufigen Politikzyklus dargestellt. Abschließend erfolgt die Vorstellung des Leitbildes eines offenen Staates und die Skizzierung der Potenziale als auch der Herausforderungen eines offenen Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandelns.
Zusammenarbeit 2.0
Authors: von Lucke Jörn , Gollasch Katja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungFür ein offenes Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandeln ist eine transparente sowie agile Zusammenarbeit von großer Relevanz. Das gilt für die Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der Verwaltung sowie mit externen Akteuren. Im sechsten Kapitel werden nach der theoretischen Annäherung an die Thematik die Konzepte der „offenen Innovation“ und der „offenen gesellschaftliche Innovation“ näher beleuchtet. Es werden Werkzeuge in diesem Bereich vorgestellt und Möglichkeiten der IT-unterstützten Zusammenarbeit bis hin zur Zusammenarbeit mit künstlicher Intelligenz aufgezeigt.
Schulische Alkoholprävention mittels Virtual Reality
Authors: Stock Christiane , Prediger Christina , Hrynyschyn Robert , Helmer Stefanie 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungRiskanter Alkoholkonsum ist bei Jugendlichen in Deutschland nach wie vor von hoher Public-Health-Relevanz, weshalb vorbeugend die Kompetenzen von Jugendlichen im Umgang mit Alkohol und Gruppendruck gefördert werden sollten. Interaktive und geschlechtssensible schulische Primärpräventionsangebote besitzen ein großes Potenzial, die Erreichbarkeit der Zielgruppe und die Effektivität von Interventionen zu fördern. Dabei können virtuelle Simulationen als digitales Medium genutzt werden.Virtual Reality (VR) ermöglicht die Erfahrung von risikobehafteten Situationen in sicherer Umgebung. International gibt es zwei Alkoholpräventionsprojekte für Jugendliche, die VR einsetzen. Die gemeinsame Entwicklung mit der Adressat*innengruppe war dabei ein bedeutendes Kernelement und es wurden bereits umfassende Untersuchungen zur Benutzungsfreundlichkeit sowie zur subjektiven Wirksamkeit durchgeführt. Gängige Effektivitätsevaluationen wie randomisierte kontrollierte Studien kommen bei interaktiven Formaten allerdings an ihre Grenzen, weshalb auch alternative und ergänzende Evaluationsansätze zukünftig eine Rolle spielen sollten. Zusätzlich muss untersucht werden, inwiefern VR-Simulationen auf Rezipient*innen zugeschnitten werden können. Hierbei ist die gendersensible Gestaltung gleichzeitig als Potenzial und als Herausforderung zu sehen.Auch in Deutschland sollte die Möglichkeit des Einsatzes von VR in der Alkoholprävention bei Jugendlichen vertiefend untersucht werden.
Applying ethics to AI in the workplace: the design of a scorecard for Australian workplace health and safety
Authors: Cebulla Andreas , Szpak Zygmunt , Howell Catherine , Knight Genevieve , Hussain Sazzad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is taking centre stage in economic growth and business operations alike. Public discourse about the practical and ethical implications of AI has mainly focussed on the societal level. There is an emerging knowledge base on AI risks to human rights around data security and privacy concerns. A separate strand of work has highlighted the stresses of working in the gig economy. This prevailing focus on human rights and gig impacts has been at the expense of a closer look at how AI may be reshaping traditional workplace relations and, more specifically, workplace health and safety. To address this gap, we outline a conceptual model for developing an AI Work Health and Safety (WHS) Scorecard as a tool to assess and manage the potential risks and hazards to workers resulting from AI use in a workplace. A qualitative, practice-led research study of AI adopters was used to generate and test a novel list of potential AI risks to worker health and safety. Risks were identified after cross-referencing Australian AI Ethics Principles and Principles of Good Work Design with AI ideation, design and implementation stages captured by the AI Canvas, a framework otherwise used for assessing the commercial potential of AI to a business. The unique contribution of this research is the development of a novel matrix itemising currently known or anticipated risks to the WHS and ethical aspects at each AI adoption stage.
Alternative- and focal therapy trends for prostate cancer: a total population analysis of in-patient treatments in Germany from 2006 to 2019
Authors: Flegar Luka , Zacharis Aristeidis , Aksoy Cem , Heers Hendrik , Derigs Marcus , Eisenmenger Nicole , Borkowetz Angelika , Groeben Christer , Huber Johannes 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Focal therapy (FT) offers an alternative approach for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment in selected patients. However, little is known on its actual establishment in health care reality.

Patients and methods
We defined FT as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), hyperthermia ablation, cryotherapy, transurethral ultrasound ablation (TULSA) or vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) TOOKAD®. We analyzed the nationwide German hospital billing database for a PCa diagnosis in combination with FT. For analyses on the hospital level, we used the reimbursement.INFO tool based on hospitals’ quality reports. The study period was 2006 to 2019.

Results
We identified 23,677 cases of FT from 2006 to 2019. Considering all PCa cases with surgery, radiotherapy or FT, the share of FT was stable at 4%. The annual caseload of FT increased to a maximum of 2653 cases in 2008 (p < 0.001) and then decreased to 1182 cases in 2014 (p < 0.001). Since 2015, the cases of FT remained on a plateau around 1400 cases per year. The share of HIFU was stable at 92–96% from 2006 to 2017 and decreased thereafter to 75% in 2019 (p = 0.015). In 2019, VTP-TOOKAD® increased to 11.5% and TULSA to 6%. In 2006, 21% (62/299) of urological departments performed FT and 20 departments reached > 20 FT procedures. In 2019, 16% (58/368) of urological departments performed FT and 7 departments reached > 20 FT. In 2019, 25 urological departments offered FT other than HIFU: 5 centers hyperthermia ablation, 11 centers VTP TOOKAD®, 3 centers cryotherapy, 6 centers TULSA.

Conclusion
The FT development in Germany followed the Gartner hype cycle. While HIFU treatment is the most commonly performed FT, the share of newer FT modalities such as VTP-TOOKAD® and TULSA is remarkably increasing.
High prevalence of reduced fertility and use of assisted reproductive technology in a German cohort of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pfeffer Tobias J. , List Manuel , Schippert Cordula , Auber Bernd , Ricke-Hoch Melanie , Abou-Moulig Valeska , Berliner Dominik , Bauersachs Johann , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Over the past decades the use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) increased worldwide. ARTs are associated with an elevated risk for cardiovascular complications. However, a potential relation between subfertility/ARTs and the heart disease peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) has not been systematically analyzed yet.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was carried out, including n = 111 PPCM patients from the German PPCM registry. Data from PPCM patients were compared to those from postpartum women in the German general population.

Results
The prevalence of reported subfertility was high among PPCM patients (30%; 33/111). Most of the subfertile PPCM patients (55%; 18/33) obtained vitro fertilizations (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI). PPCM patients were older (p < 0.0001), the percentage of born infants conceived by IVF/ICSI was higher (p < 0.0001) with a higher multiple birth (p < 0.0001), C-section (p < 0.0001) and preeclampsia rate (p < 0.0001), compared to postpartum women. The cardiac outcome was comparable between subfertile and fertile PPCM patients. Whole exome sequencing in a subset of n = 15 subfertile PPCM patients revealed that 33% (5/15) carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variants associated with cardiomyopathies and/or cancer predisposition syndrome.

Conclusions
Subfertility occurred frequently among PPCM patients and was associated with increased age, hormonal disorders, higher twin pregnancy rate and high prevalence of pathogenic gene variants suggesting a causal relationship between subfertility and PPCM. Although this study found no evidence that the ART treatment per se increases the risk for PPCM or the risk for an adverse outcome, women with subfertility should be closely monitored for signs of peripartum heart failure.

Graphical abstract