bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of renin and aldosterone with glucose metabolism in a Western European population: the KORA F4/FF4 study
Authors: Then Cornelia , Ritzel Katrin , Herder Christian , Then Holger , Sujana Chaterina , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Maalmi Haifa , Stumvoll Michael , Meitinger Thomas , Bidlingmaier Martin , Seissler Jochen , Thorand Barbara , Reincke Martin 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionPrimary aldosteronism is associated with impaired glucose tolerance. Whether plasma aldosterone and/or renin concentrations are associated with type 2 diabetes and continuous measures of glucose metabolism in the general population is still under debate.Research design and methodsThe analyses included 2931 participants of the KORA F4 study at baseline and 2010 participants of the KORA FF4 study after a median follow-up of 6.5 years. The associations of active plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations with type 2 diabetes and continuous measures of glucose metabolism were assessed using logistic and linear regression models. Results were adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, potassium, use of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, diuretics and calcium channel blockers.ResultsCross-sectionally, renin was associated with type 2 diabetes (OR per SD: 1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.43, p<0.001), fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, insulin, proinsulin, HOMA-B (homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) (all p values <0.001). Aldosterone was not associated with type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.19; p=0.547) but with insulin, proinsulin and HOMA-IR (all p values <0.001). The aldosterone–renin ratio was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes and several measures of glucose metabolism. Longitudinally, neither renin (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.36) nor aldosterone (OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.11) were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Renin was inversely associated with changes of insulin concentrations.ConclusionsIn the KORA F4/FF4 study, renin and aldosterone were not associated with incident type 2 diabetes and largely unrelated to changes of measures of glucose metabolism. Cross-sectionally, aldosterone was associated with surrogate parameters of insulin resistance. However, these associations were not independent of renin.
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase deficiency increases the risk of diabetes
Authors: Malo Jagannath , Alam Md Jahangir , Islam Salequl , Mottalib Md Abdul , Rocki Md Mehedi Hasan , Barmon Ginok , Tinni Shamema Akter , Barman Swapan K , Sarker Tapas , Khan Md Nayeemul Islam , Kaliannan Kanakaraju , Hasanat Muhammad Abul , Rahman Salimur , Pathan Md Faruque , Khan A K Azad , Malo Madhu S 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionOur previous case–control study demonstrated that a high level of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), an endotoxin-detoxifying anti-inflammatory enzyme secreted by villus-associated enterocytes and excreted with stool, plays a protective role against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) irrespective of obesity. In the current study, we investigated the long-term effect of IAP deficiency (IAPD) on the pathogenesis of T2DM.Research design and methodsA healthy cohort of participants without diabetes (30–60 years old), comprising 188 without IAPD (IAP level: ≥65 U/g stool) and 386 with IAPD (IAP level: <65 U/g stool), were followed up for 5 years. We measured stool IAP (STAP) and fasting plasma glucose, and calculated the risk ratio (RR) using log-binomial regression model.ResultsT2DM incidence rates were 8.0%, 11.7%, 25.6%, and 33.3% in participants with ‘persistent no IAPD’ (IAP level: always ≥65 U/g stool), ‘remittent IAPD’ (IAP level: increased from <65 U/g stool to ≥65 U/g stool), ‘persistent IAPD’ (IAP level: always <65 U/g stool), and ‘incident IAPD’ (IAP level: decreased from ≥65 U/g stool to <65 U/g stool), respectively. Compared with ‘persistent no IAPD’ the risk of developing T2DM with ‘incident IAPD’ was 270% higher (RR: 3.69 (95% CI 1.76 to 7.71), χ2p<0.001). With ‘persistent IAPD’ the risk was 230% higher (RR: 3.27 (95% CI 1.64 to 6.50), p<0.001). ‘Remittent IAPD’ showed insignificant risk (RR: 2.24 (95% CI 0.99 to 5.11), p=0.0541). Sensitivity analyses of persistent IAP levels revealed that, compared with participants of the highest persistent IAP pentile (always >115 U/g stool), the rate of increase of fasting glycemia was double and the risk of developing T2DM was 1280% higher (RR: 13.80 (95% CI 1.87 to 101.3), p=0.0099) in participants of the lowest persistent IAP pentile (always <15 U/g stool). A diabetes pathogenesis model is presented.ConclusionsIAPD increases the risk of developing T2DM, and regular STAP tests would predict individual vulnerability to T2DM. Oral IAP supplementation might prevent T2DM.
Relationships between childhood trauma and dissociative, psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a case–control study
Authors: Uyan Tugce Taskin , Baltacioglu Mehmet , Hocaoglu Cicek 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundChildhood trauma (CT) is an important risk factor in the emergence and clinical course of psychiatric disorders. In the latest literature, an association exists between CT and patients with schizophrenia. There is also a strong relationship between the dissociative symptoms of schizophrenia and the presence of CT.AimsThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsOne hundred patients with schizophrenia and 100 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Data Form, Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered to all participants.ResultsThe CTQ and DES scores of the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In patients with schizophrenia, a positive association was found between positive symptoms and DES scores. In terms of negative symptoms, a positive association was found between apathetic social withdrawal and CTQ-emotional neglect (EN), CTQ-physical neglect (PN) and CTQ total scores. There was a significant positive correlation between CTQ-EN scores and negative symptoms and PANSS scores. No significant relationship was found between negative symptoms and DES scores.ConclusionsHigh rates of CT and dissociative symptoms are seen in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, the findings of the relationship between CT and dissociative, positive and negative symptoms are also noteworthy. Therefore, it may be important for clinicians to assess trauma history during the psychiatric evaluation of patients with schizophrenia.
Successful reperfusion in relation to the number of passes: comparing outcomes of first pass expanded Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia (eTICI) 2B with multiple-pass eTICI 3
Authors: Bruggeman Agnetha A E , Kappelhof Manon , den Hartog Sanne J , Burke James F , Berkhemer Olvert A , van Es Adriaan C G M , van Zwam Wim H , Dippel Diederik W J , Coutinho Jonathan M , Marquering Henk A , Majoie Charles B L M , Emmer Bart J 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundHigher expanded Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia (eTICI) reperfusion scores after endovascular treatment (EVT) are associated with better outcomes. However, the influence of the number of passes on this association is unclear. We aimed to compare outcomes of single-pass good reperfusion (eTICI 2B) with multiple-pass excellent/complete reperfusion (eTICI 2C/3) in daily clinical practice.MethodsWe compared outcomes of patients in the MR CLEAN Registry with good reperfusion (eTICI 2B) in a single pass to those with excellent/complete reperfusion (eTICI 2C/3) in multiple passes. Regression models were used to investigate the association of single-pass eTICI 2B versus multiple-pass eTICI 2C/3 reperfusion with 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)), functional independence (mRS 0–2), per-procedural complications and safety outcomes.ResultsWe included 699 patients: 178 patients with single-pass eTICI 2B, and 242 and 279 patients with eTICI 2C/3 after 2 and ≥3 passes, respectively. Patients with eTICI 2C/3 after 2 or ≥3 passes did not achieve significantly better functional outcomes compared with patients with single-pass eTICI 2B (adjusted common OR (acOR) 1.06, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.50 and acOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.05 for 90-day mRS, and adjusted OR (aOR) 1.24, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.97 and aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.22 for functional independence).ConclusionsOur results did not show better outcomes for patients who achieved eTICI 2C/3 in multiple, that is, two or more, passes when compared with patients with single-pass eTICI 2B. However, this concerns observational data. Further research is necessary to investigate the per-pass effect in relation to reperfusion and functional outcome.
Prehospital identification of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and mortality (ANZACS-QI 61)
Authors: Liao Becky Yi-Wen , Lee Mildred Ai Wei , Dicker Bridget , Todd Verity F , Stewart Ralph , Poppe Katrina , Kerr Andrew 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundEarly recognition of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is needed for timely cardiac monitoring and reperfusion therapy.MethodsThree anonymously linked New Zealand national datasets (July 2016–November 2018) were used to assess the utilisation of ambulance transport in STEMI cases, the concordance between ambulance initial clinical impressions and hospital STEMI diagnoses, and the association between initial paramedic clinical impressions and 30-day mortality. The St John Ambulance electronic record captures community call-outs and paramedic initial clinical impressions. The national cardiac (ANZACS-QI) registry and national administrative datasets capture all New Zealand public hospital admission diagnoses and mortality data.ResultsOf 5465 patients with STEMI, 73% were transported to hospital by ambulance. For these patients, the initial paramedic impression was STEMI in 50.7%, another acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosis in 19.9% and non-ACS diagnosis in 29.7%. Only 37% of the 5465 patients with STEMI were both transported by ambulance and clinically suspected of STEMI by paramedics. Compared with patients with paramedic-‘suspected STEMI’, 30-day mortality was over threefold higher for patients thought to have a non-ACS condition (10.9% and 34.9%, respectively), but after adjustment for available covariates, this was substantially ameliorated (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.80).ConclusionsIn this national data linkage study, only 4 out of every 10 patients with STEMI were both transported by ambulance and had STEMI suspected by paramedics. Although patients with STEMI not suspected of an ACS diagnosis by paramedics had the highest mortality rate, this is largely explained by the different risk profile of these patients.
Genome-wide association study-based prediction of atrial fibrillation using artificial intelligence
Authors: Kwon Oh-Seok , Hong Myunghee , Kim Tae-Hoon , Hwang Inseok , Shim Jaemin , Choi Eue-Keun , Lim Hong Euy , Yu Hee Tae , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Oh Seil , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Kim Young-Hoon , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveWe previously reported early-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) associated genetic loci among a Korean population. We explored whether the AF-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of an external large cohort has a prediction power for AF in Korean population through a convolutional neural network (CNN).MethodsThis study included 6358 subjects (872 cases, 5486 controls) from the Korean population GWAS data. We extracted the lists of SNPs at each p value threshold of the association statistics from three different previously reported ethnical-specific GWASs. The Korean GWAS data were divided into training (64%), validation (16%) and test (20%) sets, and a stratified K-fold cross-validation was performed and repeated five times after data shuffling.ResultsThe CNN-GWAS predictive power for AF had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78±0.01 based on the Japanese GWAS, AUC of 0.79±0.01 based on the European GWAS, and AUC of 0.82±0.01 based on the multiethnic GWAS, respectively. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping assigned high saliency scores for AF associated SNPs, and thePITX2obtained the highest saliency score. The CNN-GWAS did not show AF prediction power by SNPs with non-significant p value subset (AUC 0.56±0.01) despite larger numbers of SNPs. The CNN-GWAS had no prediction power for odd–even registration numbers (AUC 0.51±0.01).ConclusionsAF can be predicted by genetic information alone with moderate accuracy. The CNN-GWAS can be a robust and useful tool for detecting polygenic diseases by capturing the cumulative effects and genetic interactions of moderately associated but statistically significant SNPs.Trial registration numberNCT02138695.
Scalar and tensor resonances in $$J/\psi $$ radiative decays
Authors: Rodas A. , Pilloni A. , Albaladejo M. , Fernández-Ramírez C. , Mathieu V. , Szczepaniak A. P. ,   Joint Physics Analysis Center
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe perform a systematic analysis of the $$J/\psi \rightarrow \gamma \pi ^0\pi ^0$$

J
/
ψ
→
γ

π
0

π
0

and $$\rightarrow \gamma K_S^0 K_S^0$$

→
γ

K
S
0

K
S
0

partial waves measured by BESIII. We use a large set of amplitude parametrizations to reduce the model bias. We determine the physical properties of seven scalar and tensor resonances in the 1–$$2.5 \, {\mathrm {GeV}} $$

2.5

GeV

mass range. These include the well known $$f_0(1500)$$

f
0

(
1500
)

and $$f_0(1710)$$

f
0

(
1710
)

, that are considered to be the primary glueball candidates. The hierarchy of resonance couplings determined from this analysis favors the latter as the one with the largest glueball component.
Bianchi-I anisotropic universe with Barrow holographic dark energy
Authors: Paul Bikash Chandra , Roy Bikash Chandra , Saha Arindam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study Bianchi type-I universe in the presence of Barrow holographic dark energy and matter. Anisotropic cosmological model is explored here using the recently proposed holographic principle by Barrow where the standard Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is a special case. The holographic dark energy is employed to investigate the evolution of matter density and the dark energy density in an anisotropic Bianchi-I universe. The equation of state parameter of the dark energy is found to lie in the quintessence or in the phantom regime at the present epoch depending on the value of the new exponent and anisotropy in the universe. We found that an anisotropic universe with higher anisotropy transits to a late accelerating phase before a universe with lower anisotropy. It is also observed that the new exponent plays an important role to identify the nature of the universe.
Confined vortex surface and irreversibility. 2. Hyperbolic sheets and turbulent statistics
Authors: Migdal Alexander 
Published: January 2022

We continue the study of Confined Vortex Surfaces (CVS) that we introduced in the previous paper. We classify the solutions of the CVS equation and find the analytical formula for the velocity field for arbitrary background strain eigenvalues in the stable region. The vortex surface cross-section has the form of four symmetric hyperbolic sheets with a simple equation [Formula: see text] in each quadrant of the tube cross-section ([Formula: see text] plane). We use the dilute gas approximation for the vorticity structures in a turbulent flow, assuming their size is much smaller than the mean distance between them. We vindicate this assumption by the scaling laws for the surface shrinking to zero in the extreme turbulent limit. We introduce the Gaussian random background strain for each vortex surface as an accumulation of a large number of small random contributions coming from other surfaces far away. We compute this self-consistent background strain, relating the variance of the strain to the energy dissipation rate. We find a universal asymmetric distribution for energy dissipation. A new phenomenon is a probability distribution of the shape of the profile of the vortex tube in the [Formula: see text] plane. This phenomenon naturally leads to the “multifractal” scaling of the moments of velocity difference [Formula: see text]. More precisely, these moments have a nontrivial dependence of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], approximating power laws with effective index [Formula: see text]. We derive some general formulas for the moments containing multidimensional integrals. The rough estimate of resulting moments shows the log–log derivative [Formula: see text] which is approximately linear in [Formula: see text] and slowly depends on [Formula: see text]. However, the value of effective index is wrong, which leads us to conclude that some other solution of the CVS equations must be found. We argue that the approximate phenomenological relations for these moments suggested in a recent paper by Sreenivasan and Yakhot are consistent with the CVS theory. We reinterpret their renormalization parameter [Formula: see text] in the Bernoulli law [Formula: see text] as a probability to find no vortex surface at a random point in space.
The ability of Meloidogyne javanica to suppress salicylic acid-induced plant defence responses
Authors: Sahebani Navazollah , Gholamrezaee Nahid 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Suppression of the defence system of plants by some plant pathogens is an important mechanism of their parasitism, and plant-parasitic nematodes use several mechanisms to affect different parts of the plant defence system. This study was designed to investigate the ability of a root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, to reduce or suppress the plant (tomato) immune system, before or after activation by a strong inducer, salicylic acid (SA). The experimental treatments were tomato plants inoculated with nematodes alone, plants pre-treated with SA and then nematodes (‘SA then nematode’), plants treated with SA after nematode inoculation (‘nematode then SA’), plants treated with SA alone, and plants treated with sterile distilled water. The results showed that treatment of the plants with SA before or after nematode infection reduced nematode disease indices compared to the control (nematode alone). The number of eggs per individual egg mass, in ‘nematode then SA’ treatment was significantly greater than the control, which shows the effect of nematodes on reducing the plant defence mechanism in this treatment. Evaluation of the activity of some defence enzymes such as chitinase, protease, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, catalase and density of hydrogen peroxide also showed that M. javanica is able to suppress these compounds in the ‘SA then nematode’ treatment, and to a greater extent in the ‘nematode then SA’ treatment. Suppression of plant defence responses by phytonematodes is of great importance in their synergistic relationship with secondary pathogens and plants.
Functional Outcomes Following Total Laryngectomy and Pharyngolaryngectomy: A 20-Year Single Center Study
Authors: Layton Thomas , Thomas Rachel , Harris Carol , Holmes Sam , Fraser Lisa , Silva Priy , Winter Stuart C. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Laryngeal cancer accounts for 1% of all cancers in men and 0.3% of all cancers in women. Pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) and total laryngectomy (TL) are central surgical techniques in the management of advanced laryngeal malignancies but are associated with significant morbidity. In addition, optimal reconstruction following TPL remains an area of active research. Methods: Here, we compared speech and swallowing outcomes following circumferential and partial pharyngeal resection alongside total laryngectomy in patients with laryngeal and hypolaryngeal tumors. We performed a systemic analysis of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modality, and pharyngeal reconstruction technique following TPL and TL, leveraging data collected over a 20-year period at a large tertiary referral center. Results: Analyzing 155 patients the results show circumferential pharyngeal defects and prior radiotherapy have a significant impact on surgical complications. Conclusion: Pharyngeal resection carries a substantial risk of incurring impaired speech and swallowing in patients. Moreover, our results support poorer functional outcomes with more radical pharyngeal resections and show a clear trend toward worse swallowing outcomes in salvage surgery.
Prognosis of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: The Nomogram Perspective
Authors: Wu Huadong , Wan Wei , Jiang Hongqun , Xiong Yuanping 
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to create a nomogram for accurately predicting the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-three patients with ISSNHL were admitted from September 2014 to November 2020. The clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors for ISSNHL were assessed based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and used to create a nomogram. Nomogram performance in terms of predictive and discriminatory ability was evaluated by calculating the concordance index (C-index) and generating calibration plots. Results: The overall hearing improvement rate was 41.4%, comprising complete recovery (13.3%), marked recovery (17.0%), and slight recovery (11.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, symptoms of vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein, and type of hearing loss were independent predictors of ISSNHL. A nomogram based on these 5 factors had a C index of 0.798 (95% confidence interval 0.750-0.845). Conclusions: Age, vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein level, and type of hearing loss are closely associated with hearing recovery. The nomogram may enable prediction of the prognosis of ISSNHL and facilitate clinical decision-making.
Attenuated Total Reflection Far-Ultraviolet (ATR-FUV) Spectroscopy is a Sensitive Tool for Investigation of Protein Adsorption
Authors: Hashimoto Kosuke , Morisawa Yusuke , Tortora Mariagrazia , Rossi Barbara , Ozaki Yukihiro , Sato Hidetoshi 
Published: January 2022

Attenuated total reflection far-ultraviolet (ATR-FUV) spectra in the 145–250 nm region were studied for four kinds of proteins (two α-helix-rich proteins: bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme and two β-sheet rich proteins: concanavalin A and γ-globulin) in different solutions (pure water and phosphate buffered saline, or PBS) with different concentrations. All the spectra show a band at 191 nm due to the π–π* transition of amide bonds of the proteins. The wavelength of the band does not change with their second structures, suggesting that the corresponding electronic transition mode is localized and polarized in the direction that is not affected by the difference in the peptide folding. The intensity of the 191 nm band differs with the concentration of salt in the solution, suggesting that the band intensity reflects the adsorption density of a protein on the internal reflection element (IRE) made of a sapphire glass prism. According to the intensity changes of the band at 191 nm, it is revealed that the properties in adsorption are different from one protein to another. It is assumed that there are two types of forces on the protein adsorption: one is that among the molecules and the other is that between a molecule and a substrate. The origin of force includes localized electrostatic polarity and affinity to water. The ions in the solvent give a marked effect on these forces, resulting in the difference in the response to adsorption density against the salt concentration in the solvent.