bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic divergence along a climate gradient shapes chemical plasticity of a foundation tree species to both changing climate and herbivore damage
Authors: Eisenring Michael , Best Rebecca J. , Zierden Mark R. , Cooper Hillary F. , Norstrem Madelyn A. , Whitham Thomas G. , Grady Kevin , Allan Gerard J. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClimate change is threatening the persistence of many tree species via independent and interactive effects on abiotic and biotic conditions. In addition, changes in temperature, precipitation, and insect attacks can alter the traits of these trees, disrupting communities and ecosystems. For foundation species such as Populus, phytochemical traits are key mechanisms linking trees with their environment and are likely jointly determined by interactive effects of genetic divergence and variable environments throughout their geographic range. Using reciprocal Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) common gardens along a steep climatic gradient, we explored how environment (garden climate and simulated herbivore damage) and genetics (tree provenance and genotype) affect both foliar chemical traits and the plasticity of these traits. We found that (1) Constitutive and plastic chemical responses to changes in garden climate and damage varied among defense compounds, structural compounds, and leaf nitrogen. (2) For both defense and structural compounds, plastic responses to different garden climates depended on the climate in which a population or genotype originated. Specifically, trees originating from cool provenances showed higher defense plasticity in response to climate changes than trees from warmer provenances. (3) Trees from cool provenances growing in cool garden conditions expressed the lowest constitutive defense levels but the strongest induced (plastic) defenses in response to damage. (4) The combination of hot garden conditions and simulated herbivory switched the strategy used by these genotypes, increasing constitutive defenses but erasing the capacity for induction after damage. Because Fremont cottonwood chemistry plays a major role in shaping riparian communities and ecosystems, the effects of changes in phytochemical traits can be wide reaching. As the southwestern US is confronted with warming temperatures and insect outbreaks, these results improve our capacity to predict ecosystem consequences of climate change and inform selection of tree genotypes for conservation and restoration purposes.
Seed yield and quality responses of oilseed crops to simulated nitrogen deposition: A meta‐analysis of field studies
Authors: Si Tong , Wang Xiaoying , Zhou Yuhao , Zhang Kai , Xie Wei , Yuan Haiyan , Wang Yuefu , Sun Yuming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOilseed crops are widely planted and are closely associated with human nutrition and health. Globally, increased nitrogen (N) deposition has a significant impact on agricultural production; however, in‐depth knowledge of oilseed crop yields and quality is still lacking. Here, we performed a global meta‐analysis from 128 published papers with 462 paired observations to evaluate the response of oilseed crop yields, yield composition, protein, and oil content to simulated N deposition. The meta‐analysis showed that simulated N deposition significantly increased oilseed crop yields in a dose‐dependent and duration‐dependent manner. The yield compositions were also changed by N deposition, where pod numbers per plant (PNP) and seed weights per pod were significantly increased. Interestingly, our analysis identified PNP as the key factor determining the oilseed crop yield response to simulated N deposition. Additionally, the form of N deposition had no striking influence on either yields or yield components, whereas differences in the sensitivity in rape responses reflected differences in crop species. In terms of oilseed crop quality, although simulated N deposition increased the seed protein content in a dose‐dependent manner, there was a significant negative impact on the seed oil content. Furthermore, this negative correlation between seed oil content and biomass under simulated N deposition implies adverse effects caused by a dilution effect. Overall, our results suggest discrete responses of oilseed crop yield, seed protein and oil content to simulated N deposition. This study has ecological and biological implications for oilseed crop yield and quality responses facing global N deposition.
Macromolecular–structural interactions and phytochemical constituents of therapeutic herbs in pasta altered the functional properties, cooking profile and in vitro starch and protein digestibility
Authors: Bhandari Manisha , Sharma Rajan , Sharma Savita 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe current investigation was focused on developing and assessing the influence of different herbs (Ocimum sanctum, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri and Asparagus racemosus) on bio‐functional and structural characteristics of semolina‐based pasta. Pasta were enriched with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% herbs and significant difference (P < 0.05) in functional properties of blends, cooking quality of pasta, bioactive profile and antioxidant potential, in vitro nutrient digestibility and colour profile were noted. Herbs‐enriched pasta showed modified functional properties and enhanced bioactive constituents. Modification in structural and molecular structures of control and 5% herbs‐incorporated pasta was shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform Infrared. Further, principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were employed to authenticate the difference in the incorporation of herbs and observations. The results suggest that herbs could be served as potential food components in valorised products of cereals.
Elucidation of key aroma enhancement in cloudy lemon juices by the addition of peel oil using GC–MS‐Olfactometry
Authors: Yetisen Mehmet , Guclu Gamze , Kelebek Hasim , Selli Serkan 
Published: May 2022

SummaryVolatile substances play a crucial role in the consumer preference of lemon juices. The effects of heat treatment and addition of lemon peel oil to lemon juice (Citrus limon Burm. cv. Kutdiken) on the aroma compounds were elucidated for the first time. Total phenolic, antioxidant activity, acidity, pH and colour properties were also studied. Results revealed that the aroma of the juice samples comprised mostly the terpene compounds. Limonene, γ‐terpinene, β‐pinene and α‐pinene were the influential terpenes responsible for the distinctive odour of the lemon juice. The addition of the lemon peel oil increased the amounts of the aroma and aroma‐active compounds. Besides, the heat treatment had a positive effect on the total phenolics and the antioxidant activity but it caused significant reduction of the aroma compounds. Sensory analysis revealed that the most preferred sample was the juice with lemon peel oil added after pasteurisation.
Analysis of volatile compounds and antioxidant activity in rice extracts (Oryza sativa L.) extracted by various conditions
Authors: Lee Hana , Lee Gaeun , Kim Yuri , Ahn Hyunwoo , Lee Kwang‐Geun 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis study focused on the analysis of the volatiles present in rice extracts (Oryza sativa L.) produced under various extraction conditions (i.e. the range of temperature was 50, 60 and 70 °C, and particle size was whole, 355, and 710 μm) The main volatiles identified were ethyl palmitate, benzenemethanol, nonanal, hexanal and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol. The highest levels of flavour compounds extracted from rice cultivated in Icheon and Cheorwon were recorded at an extraction temperature of 70 and 60 °C, respectively, and at a rice particle size of 355 μm. Non‐volatile rice extracts were tested for antioxidant activity using 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The antioxidant activity of Icheon rice extracts at a concentration of 2000 ppm was found to be 84.33 and 84.39% in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively.
The wage impact of being a works council representative in Germany: A case of strategic discrimination?
Authors: Brébion Clément 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWorks councils provide an essential mechanism for worker participation in decision‐making. While the literature has extensively explored their impact on worker and establishment outcomes, the negotiation process between works council representatives and their employer has remained largely unexplored. This article contributes to filling this gap by investigating wage discrimination towards works councilors in Germany. Fixed effects models leveraging panel data show that councilors receive a wage premium that positively correlates with the sectoral coverage of collective bargaining. In the manufacturing sector, where the tradition of bargaining is heavily entrenched, employers positively discriminate councilors. In contrast, in the service sector, where the culture of bargaining is weak, employers penalize works councilors. In both sectors, partisan and unionized works councilors are the most affected. The most likely hypothesis to explain these results is that employers strategically discriminate these councilors in order to bypass the traditional constraints of establishment‐level participation. This article therefore questions the quality of industrial democracy in Germany.
The new complex high‐entropy metal boron carbonitride: Microstructure and mechanical properties
Authors: Guan Jingyi , Liu Yuchen , Li Daxin , Yang Zhihua , Qin Shaohua , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, the ternary BCN anion systems of high‐entropy ceramics (HEC) are consolidated by hot‐pressing sintering and the impacts of sintering temperature and the content of amorphous BCN addition on microstructural evolution and mechanical performance were evaluated. Results confirmed that high‐entropy, oxide, and BN(C) phases were precipitated for (Ta0.2Nb0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Ti0.2)(B, C, N) ceramics after sintering at 1900°C. With the decrease of BCN addition, a new phase of MiB2 (Mi representing the metal atoms) occurred. The Vickers hardness, bending strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of the optimized bulk HECs were investigated, obtained at 24.5 ± 2.3 GPa, 522.0 ± 2.6 MPa, 478.9 ± 11.1 GPa, and 5.36 ± 0.56 MPa m1/2, respectively.
The tri‐emitting phosphate phosphors SrIn2(P2O7)2: Tm, Dy, Eu for ratiometric optical thermometer
Authors: Liu Yijia , Wang Rongrong , Yang Qihua , Li Guihua , Huang Junben , Cai Gemei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeveloping new phosphors used for ratiometric optical thermometers has attracted broad attention recently. According to the recent research, the phosphate SrIn2(P2O7)2 with regard to the structural rigidity has been adopted as the host of Tm and Dy activators behaving the super‐stable white emission. Herein, Tm, Dy, Eu tri‐doped phosphors were prepared to investigate the interaction of three different activators and their coupling sensitivity to temperature. Based on concentration control and energy transfer among three activators, the tunable emission, including the idea warm white, has been obtained. In the case of increasing temperature, the emission intensities of Dy3+ and Eu3+ partially decrease, whereas the Tm3+ fluorescence extremely keeps increasing to 155.4% of 473 K compared with that of room temperature. This phenomenon can be defined the negative thermal‐quenching. It is believed that the back energy transfer (BET) from Dy3+ and that from Eu3+ to Tm3+ help the negative thermal‐quenching of Tm3+ to a certain extent. Both cation occupation and structural rigidity obviously affect the BET efficiency. In the new phosphors, the fluorescence intensity ratios of Tm3+ and Eu3+ (blue/red) and (blue/orange) of Tm3+/Dy3+ are closely related to temperature and vary linearly over a wide temperature range, which can be regarded as an important index of temperature sensor. The SI1.92P: T0.01D0.01E0.06 shows excellent temperature sensitivity and recyclability. The current results show that SrIn2(P2O7)2: Tm, Dy, Eu phosphors can be regarded as candidate materials for optical thermometry.
The sintering behavior of ellipsoidal particles
Authors: Bjørk R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe sintering behavior of ellipsoidally shaped particles, particularly spheroids, was studied using a numerical kinetic Monte Carlo model for solid‐state sintering. Compact packings of spheroids with five different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 2.0, thus comprising oblate, spherical, and prolate particles, were generated by simulating the pouring of such particles into a cubic container. For each spheroid particle aspect ratio, five different packings were generated to provide statistics on the sintering properties. The sintering behavior was quantified by the densification rate, relative density, anisotropic strain, grain size, and grain coordination number, as determined from the kinetic Monte Carlo model. The spherical particles were found to sinter to a relative density of 0.87 before grain growth occurs, whereas the oblate and prolate particles reach a relative density of 0.91 before grain growth sets in, with the prolate particles sintering slightly better compared to oblate particles. The more extreme the particle aspect ratio, the more anisotropic the strain is. Finally, the oblate and prolate spheroids have a slightly higher mean grain coordination number and a slightly higher initial relative density compared to the spherical particles.
Astragaloside IV improved antioxidative stress capacity and related gene expression of the Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) hepatocytes under heat stress
Authors: Liu Hua , Yang Ying , Yu Ying‐Ying , Feng Jing‐Jing , Bao Xiao‐Xue , Zhao Jun , Yu Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the protective effects of astragaloside IV (AS‐IV) on the hepatocytes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) on heat stress. Cultured cells were treated with AS‐IV (0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) at 28°C for 24 h and then exposed to heat stress by increasing the culturing temperature (32 ± 0.5°C) for 6 h. The increased temperatures significantly reduced cell viability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the 0 μg/ml AS‐IV treatment group at 32°C, but the grass carp hepatocytes treated with 100 and 200 μg/ml AS‐IV had significantly increased cell viability and SOD activity and decreased MDA levels. The mRNA levels of keap1a, keap1b, nrf2, gsh‐px, cat, cu‐zn sod, mgst1 and il‐6 were significantly lower in the 0 μg/ml AS‐IV treatment group at 32°C, while those of keap1a, nrf2, gsh‐px, cat, cu‐zn sod, gstp1, ho‐1 and il‐6 were significantly higher in cells treated with 100 or 200 μg/ml AS‐IV. Our findings indicate that AS‐IV could enhance the antioxidative stress capacity of grass carp hepatocytes under heat stress, and its mechanism may be associated with the activation of the Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway. Thus, these results provide new insights into how to alleviate heat stress in grass carp.
Early life history of the middling thread herring (Opisthonema medirastre) in the central Galápagos Islands
Authors: Marin Jarrin Jose R. , Andrade‐Vera Solange , Brito Carla , Ray Lana , Schuiteman Michelle A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe authors estimated life‐history parameters of a clupeid forage fish, Opisthonema medirastre, by sampling juveniles over the course of a year in the central region of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. They collected 160 juveniles on the south coast of Santa Cruz Island during the wet/warm season that were 16–48 mm standard length, were 30–88 days old, had hatched at the beginning of the wet/warm season and had grown at 0.4 mm day−1. The results suggest that in Galápagos, O. medirastre reproduce during the wet/warm season mostly under neutral ENSO conditions.
Prevalence and clinical features of patients with autoimmune pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fukuda Soma , Akiyama Shintaro , Tarakji Ahmad , Hamdeh Shadi , Suzuki Hideo , Tsuchiya Kiichiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are categorized into immune‐mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs). While AIP is a pancreato‐biliary IMID with an increased incidence and prevalence among patients with IBD, its features are still unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of AIP‐IBD patients.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to identify observational studies assessing AIP and IBD. The primary outcome was the prevalence of IBD among AIP patients, and vice versa. Secondary outcomes included clinical findings and outcomes of each IMID in AIP‐IBD patients. The pooled rate of each outcome was determined using a random effects model.ResultsFor primary outcomes, 40 observational studies with 4031 AIP patients were included and the pooled prevalence of IBD was 10.5% (95% CI 7.2–15.0%). Meanwhile, five studies with 10,551 IBD patients were included and the pooled prevalence of AIP was 0.6% (95% CI 0.2–1.9%). For secondary outcomes, 53 observational studies with 469 AIP‐IBD patients were assessed. The rates of type 2 AIP and ulcerative colitis were 79.2% (95% CI 69.1–86.6%) and 74.8% (95% CI 68.2–80.4%), respectively. We also demonstrated AIP‐IBD patients were at a significant increased risk of AIP recurrence and colectomy compared with patients with either AIP or IBD (RR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.1 and P = 0.014 and RR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.9–6.9, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis reported the prevalence of AIP‐IBD patients and demonstrated patients with both IMIDs had a high risk of poor outcomes.
Garnet crystallization mechanisms and localized polymetamorphism in the southwestern Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Nagurney Alexandra B. , Caddick Mark J. , White Chris E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present data on the pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions experienced by metamorphic rocks of the Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, Canada, also utilizing three‐dimensional microstructural data on one sample to better constrain the mechanisms that controlled garnet crystallization. Inverse and forward thermodynamic modelling place peak P–T conditions in the southwestern Meguma Terrane at ~650°C and 4.5 kbar. Interpretation of these results with petrographic observations and previous P–T constraints across the terrane suggests that amphibolite facies metamorphism occurred during the Devonian Neoacadian orogeny (406–388 Ma). Integration of quantitative 3D textural data with an estimated metamorphic heating rate of <5°C/Myr is consistent with amphibolite facies metamorphism resulting from tectonic loading during the Neoacadian orogeny, though the exact nature of the orogeny is still not well understood. Further, the intrusion of granitic plutons into the Meguma metasediments at 373 Ma likely locally drove metamorphic recrystallization (polymetamorphism). The 3D size, shape, and location of garnet crystals in one sample reveal that the rate‐limiting step for garnet crystallization was likely the diffusion of aluminium through the intergranular matrix at length scales less than the mean nearest neighbour distance between garnet crystals. Nucleation was aided by epitaxial overgrowth onto a muscovite substrate, though it appears there may have been a decoupling between minerals providing a substrate and those providing nutrients during garnet growth.
Lagerstroemia indica extract regulates human hair dermal papilla cell growth and degeneration via modulation of β‐catenin, Stat6, and TGF‐β signaling pathway
Authors: Kim Byung Hyun , Kim Myong Ki , Choi Bu Young 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLagerstroemia indica (L. indica) is reported to have diverse biological activities including anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, neuro‐regulatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activity.AimsThe purpose of this study is to examine the potential of hair growth promotion and/or hair loss prevention by L. indica extract.Patients/MethodsThe effects of L. indica on hair growth have been studied in human hair follicle dermal papillary (hHFDP) cells and follicular organ culture ex vivo by cell proliferation assay, PCR, western blot analysis, and reporter gene activity assay. Moreover, a clinical trial was conducted in healthy volunteers.ResultsLagerstroemia indica significantly promoted the proliferation of hHFDP cells, which was associated with increased expression of TCF/LEF, VEGF, and Gli1 mRNA, and inhibition of STAT6 and Smad2 mRNA. Treatment with L. indica also increased the TCF/LEF reporter gene activity but downregulated the SBE‐ and STAT6‐luciferase activities. The expression of total β‐catenin, CDK4, and CDK2 were elevated, while that of STAT6 and SMAD2/3 was suppressed upon treatment with L. indica. In human hair follicles organ culture, L. indica significantly inhibited hair follicular degeneration. The clinical trial showed a statistically significant rise in total hair count in test group (n = 24) after 24 weeks of applying the hair tonic enriched with L. indica (141.46 ± 21.27 number/cm2, p < 0.05).ConclusionWe suggest that L. indica extract prevents hair loss as well as stimulate hair growth by regulating the Wnt‐β‐catenin, JAK3‐STAT6, and TGF‐β1‐Smad signaling pathways, and may be further developed as a novel functional cosmetic for preventing hair loss.
Open abdomen technique used in complications of major gynecological oncology surgery
Authors: Akbayir Ozgur , Ulukent Suat C. , Guraslan Hakan , Seyhan Niyazi A. , Gunkaya Osman S. , Cingillioglu Basak , Akturk Erhan , Yuksel Ilkbal T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the open abdomen technique (laparostomy) used in complications of major gynecological oncology surgery.MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the surgical database of all patients who had undergone major open surgery by the same gynecologic oncologist over a 5‐year period. All patients who had had open abdomen procedure were identified; demographic data and indications of primary surgery, temporary abdominal closure procedure details, fascia closure and morbidity, mortality rates were evaluated. Intraabdominal infection and intraoperative massive hemorrhage were the major indications for all open abdomen cases. Mannheim Peritonitis Index was used perioperatively to determine open abdomen decision in intraabdominal infections. Vacuum Assisted Abdominal Closure system and Bogota Bag were used for temporary abdominal closure techniques.ResultsOut of the total 560 patients who had undergone major oncological surgery, 19 patients (3.3%) had open abdomen procedure due to surgical complications. Eleven patients had intraabdominal infection, six patients had hemodynamic instability due to peri and postoperative hemorrhage, two patients had gross fecal contamination during posterior pelvic exenteration surgery. The fascia was closed totally in 15 (78%), partially in 3 (15%) and could not be closed in 1 patient who had died secondary to multiorgan failure. Total morbidity and mortality rates were 26% (5/19) (two intrabdominal abscess, one pulmonary embolism, one skin necrosis, one enteroatmospheric fistula) and 5.2% (1/19) respectively.ConclusionOpen abdomen is a life‐saving procedure when applied with correct indications and timing. Gynecological oncologic surgeries are candidates to serious complications and gynecologic oncologists dealing with such surgery should be as experienced as general surgeons in this regard.