bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF COMPUTER SYSTEM STATE IDENTIFICATION BASED ON BOOSTING ENSEMBLE WITH SPECIAL PREPROCESSING PROCEDURE
Authors: Chelak Victor , Gavrylenko Svitlana 
Published: April 2022

The subject of the research is methods of identifying the state of the Computer System. The object of research is the process of identifying the state of a computer system for information protection. The aim of the research is to develop the method for identifying the state of a computer system for information protection. This article is devoted to the development of method (boosting ensemble) to increase the accuracy of detecting anomalies in computer systems. Methods used: artificial intelligence methods, machine learning, decision tree methods, ensemble methods. The results were obtained: a method of computer system identification based on boosting ensemble with special preprocessing procedure is developed. The effectiveness of using machine learning technology to identify the state of a computer system has been studied. Experimental researches have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method, which makes it possible to recommend it for practical use in order to improve the accuracy of identifying the state of the computer system. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, ensemble classifier of computer system state identification based on boosting was proposed. It was found that the use of the proposed classifier makes it possible to reduce the variance to 10%. In addition, due to the optimization of the initial data, the efficiency of identifying the state of the computer was increased. Prospects for further research may be to develop an ensemble of fuzzy decision trees based on the proposed method, optimizing their software implementation.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Essential Newborn Care among Postnatal Mothers Attending Health Facilities in a Rural District, Eastern Uganda. A Cross-Sectional Community study
Authors: Akoth Christine , Olowo Samuel , Kagoya Enid Kawala , Iramoit Jacob Stanely , Nteziyaremye Julius , Nekaka Rebecca , Ssenyonga Lydia VN 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Neonatal mortality remains a public health concern in developing countries such as Uganda. Three-quarters of all newborn deaths occur in the first week of life, with 50% occurring during the first 24-hours. The World Health Organization developed essential newborn care measures to improve neonatal outcomes.This study aimed at determining maternal knowledge attitude and practices towards essential newborn care in Mbale district, Eastern Uganda.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey employing quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted at selected health facilities in Mbale district. 366 postnatal mothers were interviewed using a structured pretested and validated questionnaire. Knowledge was assessed using closed-ended questions; a score of ‘one’ was allocated for ‘correct knowledge’ and ‘zero’ for ‘incorrect knowledge’. The attitude was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Practices were evaluated through open-ended questions and by 15 in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14.0 and Nvivo version 11.0Results: The majority, 341(93.2%) of the mothers, knew the signs of eye infection. All the mothers, 366(100%) knew about thermal care. The majority of the mothers, 315(86.1%) didn’t know the disease prevented by the BCG vaccine. Most 260(71.4%) didn’t know the dangers of leaving an umbilical stump wet. Most mothers, 332(91.0%) agreed that skin-to-skin contact should be ensured and warm clothing be provided to the neonate. The majority 352(96.2%) of the mothers practiced skin-to-skin contact as a thermal protective measure. A few mothers, 65(17.8%) did not bathe their babies within 24 hours of birth. Poor cord care practices like the use of gecko droppings were still in existence in the community. Mothers practised and described exclusive breastfeeding as cheap and affordable with all food values.Conclusion: There was good knowledge and positive attitude towards WHO essential newborn care but knowledge on some aspects of cord care and immunization was still lacking. Postnatal mothers demonstrated unsatisfactory practices towards essential newborn care. There is a need to educate mothers during antenatal visits, postnatal clinics, and Young Child Clinic to improve their knowledge on immunization and cord care and practice essential newborn care measures.
Dexmedetomidine Added to Ropivacaine for Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Reduces the Incidence of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders:a single centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Li , Xiong RongFei , Chen XingQu , Liu Zhuoling , Wang Shu , Yu DeShui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders is a common neurological complication with no effective treatments after surgery. This research aims to evaluate the effect of transversus abdominis plane block with dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine on the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and provides a new way to prevent it. Methods 180 patients submitted to radical laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery were randomly divided into Control Group（n=90） and Dex Group(n=90). Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block was performed after anesthesia induction: 0.5% ropivacaine 20ml was injected into each transversus abdominis plane in Control Group, 0.5% ropivacaine + 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine (add up to 20ml) in Dex Group. Primary indicators were the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders within 30days after surgery. Secondary indicators were the duration of operation and anesthesia, consumption of general anesthetics, fluid intake, urine and blood loss during operation, visual analog pain scores.Results 169 cases were finally analyzed, including 84 in Control Group and 85 in Dex Group. The consumption of propofol and remifentanil in Dex Group was lower than that in Control Group ((0.82±0.33) g vs. (1.22±0.42) g，(1.17±0.40) mg vs. (1.48±0.60) mg, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in visual analog pain scores between the two groups at 3days and 7days after surgery (P>0.05), while lower than Control Group at 6 hours and 24 hours after surgery. In terms of the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders, compared with Control Group, there was no significant differences at 3days and 7days (P>0.05), but significantly decreased at 6hours, 24days and 30days after surgery (7.1% vs.17.9%，4.7% vs.14.3%，3.5% vs. 11.9%，P<0.05) in Dex Group.Conclusion While conducting transversus abdominis plane block after general anesthesia induction, dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for it can reduce the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders within 30days after surgery，which may be related to reduce the consumption of general anesthetics and provide satisfactory postoperative analgesia.Trial registration: Dexmedetomidine Added to Ropivacaine for Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Reduces the Incidence of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders：a single centre randomized controlled trial, ChiCTR2100046876. Registered 29 May 2021, https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=125579&htm=4.
The effect of palm pollen extract on sexual disorders in postmenopausal women A three-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Loripoor Marzeyeh , Esmaeili Fatemeh , Vazirinejad Reza , Dan Sasan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The high prevalence of sexual problems among postmenopausal women needs more attention. Palm pollen extract seemed to help improve menopausal sexual dysfunction with estrogenic and antioxidant compounds. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of palm pollen on sexual disorders in postmenopausal women.
Methods
In this three-blind clinical trial, 110 postmenopausal women from Rafsanjan comprehensive health service centers were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two groups.The intervention group received 300 mg capsule of palm extract and the control group received placebo for 4 weeks. Sexual disorders were assessed with a 6-item FSFI questionnaire before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21 and analysis of variance, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results
The mean scores of sexual dysfunction before the intervention in the intervention and control groups were 15.36 ± 5.01 and 14.13 67 4.67, respectively (p = 0.684), at the end of the intervention 15.18 50 4.50 and 14.22 3 3.91 (p = 0.431) and 4 weeks after the intervention is 15.7 4 4.77 and 14.44 3 3.78 (p = 0.908).
Conclusions
According to the results, daily consumption of 300 mg of palm pollen extract does not significantly improve the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Due to the proof of phytoestrogenic and antioxidant effects of palm pollen in various studies, further studies with higher doses or increasing the duration of use are recommended.
Trial registration:
This three-blind clinical trial study was approved with the ethical code IR.RUMS.REC.1399.097 on 25/07/2020 and the clinical trial code IRCT20160308026971N10 on 06/12/2020.
The clinical efficacy of different treatments for macular edema secondary to BRVO
Authors: Hao Yanlei , Tao Yuan , Gao Lei , Zhao Ying , Yang Xia , Kou Mingrong , Lei Jiaying , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To assess the clinical efficacy of sustained-release dexamethasone (DEX) , conbercept and laser photocoagulation on macular edema （ME） secondary to BRVO.Methods: 159 ischemic BRVO eyes were enrolled and randomly divided into sustained-release DEX group (30 eyes), CBC group (51 eyes), combination group (DEX+CBC, 29 eyes), and laser group (49 eyes). and received single intravitreal injection of sustained-release DEX (0.7 mg), CBC (0.05 ml) [3+PRN], sustained-release DEX (0.7 mg) combined with CBC (0.05 ml), and laser photocoagulation therapy respectively. The changes of the central foveal thickness (CFT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed. Additionally, the number of HRD was calculated.Results: After treatment, CFT significantly decreased and BCVA significantly increased in DEX, CBC and combination groups (all P<0.01). Moreover, the number of HRD in three intravitreal injection groups was significantly reduced compared with pre-treatment (all P<0.01).Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of sustained-release DEX, CBC and combined treatment could alleviate BRVO-related ME, reduce CFT , and improve patients’ visual acuity . The retinal HRD number decreased after all intravitreal injections . In addition, there were non-responders in all intravitreal treatment groups, and the mean baseline HRD number of non-responder group was higher than that of responder group.
Dark-field Chest X-ray Imaging for the Assessment of COVID‑19‑Pneumonia
Authors: Frank Manuela , Gassert Florian , Urban Theresa , Willer Konstantin , Noichl Wolfgang , Schick Rafael , Schultheiß Manuel , Viermetz Manuel , Gleich Bernhard , De Marco Fabio , Herzen Julia , Koehler Thomas , Engel Klaus Juergen , Renger Bernhard , Gassert Felix , Sauter Andreas , Fingerle Alexander , Haller Bernhard , Makowski Marcus , Pfeiffer Daniela , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Medical imaging is performed in daily clinical routine for the assessment of pulmonary involvement in patients infected with COVID-19. As conventional (attenuation-based) chest radiography provides only a low sensitivity for COVID-19-pneumonia, CT is the gold standard for lung imaging in COVID-19 patients. However, CT imaging exposes the patient to a considerable amount of radiation, and is not as widely available as plain chest X-rays. Therefore, alternative low-dose imaging X-ray techniques are highly desirable. Here we present the first clinical results employing a novel dark-field chest X-ray imaging method for the assessment of COVID-19-pneumonia. The work is based on recent technological advancements in a human-scale X-ray dark-field chest imaging prototype that enable the acquisition of quantitative dark-field radiographs with diagnostic image quality at a radiation dose comparable to conventional X-rays. In a reader study, we found that dark-field imaging has a higher sensitivity for COVID-19-pneumonia than attenuation-based imaging, and that the combination of both is superior to one imaging modality alone. Furthermore, a quantitative image analysis showed a significant reduction of signal in X-ray dark-field chest radiographs of COVID-19 patients. While our results demonstrate that dark-field chest radiography presents an ultra-low-dose alternative to CT imaging for the assessment of COVID-19-pneumonia, we anticipate that the presented technique will also be useful for therapy follow-up of patients with long-COVID-syndrome and, more generally, for the imaging of other pulmonary pathologies.
Nocturnal and Urgent Defecation are Improved by Budesonide Foam in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Saruta Masayuki , Miyazaki Ryosuke , Sakurai Toshiyuki , Shimada Mariko , Iwashita Yuko , Shibuya Naoki , Akita Yoshihiro , Miyashita Haruna , Maruyama Yuki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are known to have a significantly poor quality of life due to urgent and nocturnal defecation. Budesonide foam is a topical medication that was approved in Japan in 2017 for the treatment of UC. However, its efficacy in the treatment of urgent or nocturnal defecation is unknown. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of budesonide foam for the alleviation of these symptoms.Methods: UC patients who received budesonide foam between December 2017 and January 2020 at the Jikei University School of Medicine in Tokyo were enrolled. The simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) was evaluated at the start of budesonide foam treatment and 2 and 6 weeks later in patients who initially scored ≥ 1 for urgent and nocturnal defecation, respectively. We also studied the effect of budesonide foam on remaining symptoms in patients who had used 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) topical treatment, those with SCCAI ≥ 3, and those in remission with residual symptoms (SCCAI 1 or 2).Results: Of the 233 enrolled patients, 102 were eligible for the study. In 36 patients with nocturnal defecation treated with budesonide foam were significantly effective, score in SCCAI decreased from 1.17 ± 0.45 at baseline to 0.53 ± 0.61 at week 2 (p < 0.0001) and 0.17 ± 0.38 at week 6 (p < 0.0001). In 45 patients with urgent defecation score in SCCAI decreased significantly from 1.33 ± 0.52 at baseline to 0.44 ± 0.59 at week 2 (p < 0.0001) and 0.22 ± 0.40 at week 6 (p < 0.0001). Of 22 patients who switched from topical 5-ASA administration to budesonide foam, nine at week 2 (41%) and 11 (50%) at week 6 were improved with no symptoms, and there were no cases of worsened symptoms. No severe side effects associated with budesonide foam were observed.Conclusion: Budesonide foam administration significantly improves both nocturnal and urgent defecation-related UC activity and is also effective for the patients who were refractory to topical 5-ASA administration.
Effectiveness of alternative approaches to integrating the Social Determinants of Health into medical education: a systematic review
Authors: Nour Nehal , Stuckler David , Ajayi Oluwatobi , Abdalla Mohamed Elhassan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There is increasing recognition to include social determinants of health (SDOH) teaching for future doctors. However, the educational methods and the extent of integration into the curriculum vary considerably - this scoping review is aimed at how SDOH has been introduced into medical schools' curricula.
Methods
A systematic search was performed of six electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, OVID (Medline), APA Psych Info, and ERIC. The initial search yielded 654 articles after removing duplicates. Articles were excluded if they did not cover the SDOH curriculum for medical students; were based on service-learning rather than didactic content; were pilot courses, or were not in English, leaving eight articles in the final study.
Results
There was considerable heterogeneity in the content, structure and duration of SDOH curricula. Of the eight included studies, six were in the United States(U.S.), one in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and one in Israel. Four main conceptual frameworks were invoked: the U.S. Healthy People 2020, two World Health Organisation frameworks (The Life Course and the Michael Marmot's Social Determinants of Health), and the National Academic of Science, Engineering, and Medicine's (Framework For educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health). In general, programs that lasted longer appeared to perform better than shorter duration programs. Students favoured interactive, experiential-learning teaching methods over the traditional classroom-based teaching methods.
Conclusion
The incorporation of well-structured SDOH curricula capturing both local specification and a global framework when combined with a combination of traditional and interactive teaching methods over more extended periods may be helpful to steps for creating lifelong learners and socially accountable medical school education.
Parent values and preferences underpinning treatment decision-making in poor-prognosis childhood cancer: A scoping review
Authors: Pearson Helen , Bryan Gemma , Kayum Catherine , Gibson Faith , Darlington Anne-Sophie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Parents of children who are diagnosed with a poor-prognosis cancer want to be involved in making treatment-related decisions for their child. They often make repeated decisions depending on their child’s response to treatment and can experience decisional regret as a consequence. Understanding parent values and preferences when making treatment-related decisions may help enhance discussions with healthcare professionals and identify additional ways of providing support to this parent population. Objectives: To explore parent values and preferences underpinning treatment decision-making for children receiving cancer-directed therapy for a poor prognosis cancer.Methods: A scoping review of research literature and systematic reviews from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Articles which included parents of a child who received cancer-directed therapy for a poor-prognosis childhood cancer, under the age of eighteen years were considered. Four electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, Web of Science Core Collections). Reference and citation lists of all included full-text articles were also searched. Summative content analysis was used to synthesise findings and develop themes.Results: Twelve articles were included. Parent decision-making was affected by underpinning factors: hope for a cure, fear of their child dying and uncertainty. Influencing factors: opinions of others, child’s wishes, and faith and religion had the potential to inform decision-making processes. Parents valued having enough time, being a good parent and being involved in decision-making. Preferences within these values varied resulting in the potential for conflict and ‘trade-offs’ in making decisions. Conclusions: Parent decision-making in poor-prognosis childhood cancer is complex and extends beyond values and preferences. Underpinning factors and values are consistent through the decision-making process with influencing factors and preferences varying between parents. Preferences can conflict when parents want to continue cancer-directed therapy whilst maintaining their child’s quality of life or can change depending on a parents’ cognitive state as they realise cure might be unlikely.
“Researchers blow my mind”: Ethical research with community-based organizations
Authors: Fielding-Miller Rebecca , Kim Sarah , Bowles Jeannette , Davidson Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Public health research frequently relies on collaborations with community-based organizations, and these partnerships can be essential to the success of a project. However, while public health ethics and oversight policies have historically focused on ensuring that individual subjects are protected from unethical or unfair practices, there are few guidelines to protect the organizations which facilitate relationships with – and are frequently composed of – these same vulnerable populations. As universities, governments, and donors place a renewed emphasis on the need for community engaged research to address systematic drivers of health inequity, it is vital that the ways in which research is conducted does not uphold the same intersecting systems of gender, race, and class oppression which led to the very same health inequities of interest. Methods: To understand how traditional notions of public health research ethics might be expanded to encompass partnerships with organizations as well as individuals, we conducted qualitative interviews with 39 staff members (executive directors and frontline) at community-based organizations that primarily serve people who use drugs, Black men who have sex with men, and sex workers across the United States from January 2016 – August 2017. We also conducted 11 in-depth interviews with academic researchers with experience partnering with CBOs that serve similar populations. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using emergent codes and a priori codes derived from the Belmont Report. Results: The concepts of respect, beneficence, and justice could and should apply to the treatment of organizations that participate in research just as they apply to individual human subjects, although their implementation will differ when applied to CBOs vs individual human subjects. Conclusions: Academic-CBO partnerships are likely to be more successful for both academics and CBOs if academic researchers work to center individual-level relationship building that is mutually respectful and grounded in cultural humility.