bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of surrogate models to stability analysis and transition prediction in hypersonic flows
Authors: Nie Han , Song Wenping , Han Zhonghua , Tu Guohua , Chen Jianqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To increase the efficiency and convenience of stability-based transition prediction in flow simulations, simplified methods are introduced to substitute direct stability analyses for rapid disturbance growth prediction. For low-speed boundary layers, these methods are mainly established based on a self-similar assumption, which is not applicable to non-similar hypersonic flows over blunt cones. The objective of this article is to investigate the application of surrogate models to substitute linear stability analysis for non-similar flows on blunt cones, focused on input parameters for boundary-layer (BL) profile description. Firstly, correlations analyses between BL edge and profile parameters are conducted, along with a self-similar analysis and a discrete BL profile analysis, which present four groups of BL characteristic parameters. Secondly, using these parameters as inputs, surrogate models are built for disturbance growth prediction over an MF-1 blunt cone at flight experiments. Results show that, using 4 BL edge parameters and a BL shape factor {Ue, Te, ρe, ηe, H12} can achieve comparable accuracy with using 16 discrete BL profile parameters, which is also more precise than using merely self-similar parameters or BL edge parameters. Thirdly, the established surrogate models are validated in stability analysis and transition prediction over the MF-1 blunt cone at the moments of t =17s~22s in flight experiments. Compared with direct linear stability analyses, the mean relative error of predicted disturbance growth rates by surrogate models is 8.0% and the maximum relative error of N factor envelopes is 6.6%, which indicates the feasibility of using surrogate models to substitute stability analysis in transition prediction of non-similar flows over hypersonic boundary layers.
Intra-arrest Partial Carbon Dioxide Level and Favorable Neurological Outcome after Out- of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Multicenter Observational Study in Japan (the JAAM-OHCA Registry)
Authors: Matsuyama Tasuku , Ohta Bon , Kiyohara Kosuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Little is known about whether guideline-recommended ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in optimal partial carbon dioxide (pCO2) levels or favorable outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to evaluate the association between pCO2 levels and outcomes.Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational study, including adult patients with OHCA who did not achieve a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) upon hospital arrival and whose blood gas analysis was performed before the ROSC between June 2014 and December 2017. The primary exposure in this study was the intra-arrest pCO2 value obtained from a blood gas analysis performed upon hospital arrival. The patients were categorized into four quartiles based on their intra-arrest carbon dioxide levels: quartiles 1 (<66.0 mmHg), 2 (66.1–87.2 mmHg), 3 (87.3–113.5 mmHg), and 4 (≥113.6 mmHg). The primary outcome was 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes defined as cerebral performance category 1 or 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pCO2 and favorable neurological outcomes. We also investigated the association between pCO2 and favorable neurological outcomes stratified using the method of ventilation (bag-mask ventilation, supraglottic airway, or tracheal intubation) and the etiology of the arrest (cardiac, respiratory, or other etiology of arrest).Results: During the study period, 23,803 patients were eligible for the analysis. The proportion of favorable neurological outcomes was 0.7% (153/20,913), 1.8% (90/5,133), 0.7% (35/5,232), 0.4% (19/5,263), and 0.2% (9/5,285) in quartiles 1 (<66.0 mmHg), 2 (66.1–87.2 mmHg), 3 (87.3–113.5 mmHg), and 4 (≥113.6 mmHg), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the probability of favorable neurological outcome decreased with increased intra-arrest carbon dioxide levels (i.e., Q1 versus Q4, adjusted odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.55, P for trend <0.001). Stratified analyses showed that a higher intra-arrest pCO2 level was associated with a decreased probability of favorable neurological outcomes in any method of ventilation and cause of arrests.Conclusion: We observed that patients with higher intra-arrest pCO2 levels were less likely to achieve a favorable neurological outcome, regardless of the method of ventilation and cause of arrests.
An impedance flow cytometry with integrated dual microneedle for electrical properties characterization of single cell
Authors: Mansor Muhammad Asraf , Ahmad Mohd Ridzuan , Petrů Michal , Koloor Seyed Saeid Rahimian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrical characteristics of living cells have been proven to reveal important details about their internal structure, charge distribution, and composition changes in the cell membrane, as well as the extracellular context. An impedance flow cytometry is a common approach to determine the electrical properties of a cell, having the advantage of label-free and high throughput. However, the current techniques are complex and costly for the fabrication process. For that reason, we introduce an integrated dual microneedle-microchannel for single-cell detection and electrical properties extraction. The dual microneedles utilized a commercially-available Tungsten needle coated with parylene. When a single cell flows through the parallel facing electrode configuration of the dual microneedle, the electrical impedance at multiple frequencies is measured. The impedance measurement demonstrated the differential of normal red blood cells with three different sizes of microbeads at low and high frequencies, 100 kHz and 2 MHz, respectively. An electrical equivalent circuit model (ECM) was used to determine the unique membrane capacitance of individual cells. The proposed technique demonstrated that the specific membrane capacitance of an RBC is 9.42 mF/m-2, with the regression coefficients, E at 0.9895. As a result, this device may potentially be used in developing countries for low-cost single-cell screening and detection.
Association between SCCmec types and antimicrobial resistance in clinical MRSA isolates
Authors: Aboulela Aliaa , Roufaeil Mirette , Kader Ola Abdel , Rezk Shahinda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundMRSA is the causative agent of serious infections. MRSA isolates carry mecA gene which confers resistance to all β-lactams, markedly limiting the therapeutic options. SCCmec typing enables strain-based MRSA identification. This study aimed to identify the prevalent SCCmec types among clinical MRSA isolates in Alexandria, Egypt, and their association with antibiotic resistance. One hundred MRSA clinical isolates were identified and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics. SCCmec typing was done by PCR using previously published primers. ResultsTypeability was 75 %. SCCmec type V was the most predominant (45.3%), with a significant association with pyogenic lesions (53%, MCp <0.001). SCCmec type IV was significantly associated with nasal colonizers (50%, MCp 0.049). SCCmec type II was the most prominent in bloodstream infection (33 %). Various antibiotic resistance patterns were detected. SCCmec types II and III displayed the highest resistance, while SCCmec type IV showed the least resistance. There was a significant association between SCCmec types and antibiotic resistance (p = 0.02-0.001). ConclusionsThe only SCCmec types detected by PCR were SCCmec II-VI, with high resistance to gentamicin among all types. SCCmec type V was the most prevalent and was of relatively low resistance to antibiotics. SCCmec type IV was the least prevalent and showed the least resistance to antibiotics. There was a significant association between SCCmec types II and III and resistance to fluoroquinolones. Macrolides resistance was significantly associated with SCCmec type II. Tetracyclines resistance was significantly associated with SCCmec type III.
Restrictive Versus Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: NG Pauline Yeung , CHAN Ho Ching , IP April , LING Lowell , LEUNG Kit Hung Anne , CHAN King Chung Kenny , SO Dominic , SHUM Hoi Ping , NGAI Chun Wai , CHAN Wai Ming , SIN Wai Ching 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: To compare the clinical outcomes of patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support who had a restrictive red cell transfusion strategy with those who had a liberal transfusion strategy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all adult ECMO cases in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2019. Patients who received a minimum of one packed red blood cell (pRBC) during ECMO were included. Haemoglobin values before each episode of transfusion was retrieved. Restrictive transfusion strategy was defined as a transfusion threshold ≤ 8.5 g/dL in all transfusion episodes for a single patient, while liberal transfusion strategy was defined as a transfusion threshold > 8.5 g/dL in any transfusion episode. Mortality outcomes and other complications were compared.Results: The analysis included 763 patients, with 138 (18.1%) patients in the restrictive and 625 (81.9%) in the liberal transfusion strategy group, and median haemoglobin of 8.3 and 9.9 g/dL, respectively. The average units of pRBC received per day were 0.7 (0.3-1.8) and 1.2 (0.6-2.3) in the two groups. There were no significant differences in ICU mortality (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.86; 95% CI 0.56-1.30; P=0.47), hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 0.79; 95% CI 0.52 to 1.21; P=0.28), and 90-day mortality (adjusted OR, 0.84; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.28; P=0.42) between the two groups. Among patients receiving veno-venous ECMO, the ICU mortality was significantly lower with the restrictive transfusion strategy (adjusted OR, 0.36; 95% CI 0.17 - 0.73; P=0.005). Conclusions: Compared with a liberal transfusion strategy, a restrictive red blood cell transfusion threshold of 8.5 g/dL was not associated with worse outcomes in patients on ECMO, with better survival outcomes for patients on veno-venous ECMO.
Comprehensive effects of different chemical preservatives on dehydrated diced radish during storage
Authors: Muratkhan Marat , Sugyrbai Adilet , Gulnazym Ospankulova , Mutamed Awais , Zhainagul Kakimova , Mukhtarbek Kakimov 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to the effect of chemical preservatives on dehydrated diced radish, as well as their effect on the taste, nutritional value and shelf life of the final product. Before dehydration turnip diced were treated with different chemical preservatives and their different concentrations viz. The eight samples were added T1 = 0.1% potassium metabisulphite, T2 = 0.1% sodium benzoate, T3 = 0.1% potassium sorbate, T4 = 0.05% potassium metabisulphite + 0.05% sodium benzoate, T5 = 0.05% potassium metabisulphite + 0.05% potassium sorbate, T6 = 0.05% sodium benzoate + 0.05% potassium sorbateT7 = 0.05% potassium metabisulphite + 0.025% sodium Benzoate + 0.025% potassium sorbate, T0 = no chemical preservative. Samples were evaluated for physiochemical (moisture, pH, total solid, titratable acidity, ash and ascorbic acid), sensory (color, texture, taste and overall acceptability) and total bacterial count at 15 days interval of 90 days storage. Moisture value was decreased during storage. Maximum decreased was found in T0 (8.65) 3.52% while minimum decrease was observed in T1 (9.23)1.40%. pH was decreased during storage. The maximum decrease was observed in T0 (5.44) 16.10%. While minimum decreased found in T1 (5.64) 6.36%. Titratable acidity value was increased during storage. Maximum increase was observed in T0 (1.96) 17.78% while minimum increase was observed in T1 (1.81) 8.05%. Total solid was increased during storage. Maximum increase was found in T0 (91.35) 0.34% and lower limit was detected in T1 (90.77) 0.14%. Ash content was increased with storage interval. Maximum increased in T0 (6.57) 2.31% while minimum in T1 (6.08) 0.99%. Ascorbic acid was decreased during storage. Maximum decreased in T0 (6.15)80.48% while minimum in T1 (9.05) 37.79%. Color, Texture, Taste and Overall acceptability were decreased with storage interval. Color maximum score was found in T1 (7.70) while minimum score was found in T0 (3.97). Texture maximum score was found in T1 (8.06) and minimum score in T0 (2.97). Taste maximum score was found in T1 (7.56) while minimum was noticed in T0 (3.33). Maximum score of overall acceptability was found in T1 (7.77) while minimum score obtained by T0 (3.42). Total bacterial count was increased with storage interval. Maximum increased in T0 (24.43x107) 800% while minimum increased in T1 (10.57x107cfu/g) 375%. Both chemical preservatives and storage intervals resulted in highly significant (p < 0.000) differences for all parameters. When comparing the chemical preservatives, the best acceptability among all the treatments was obtained by T1 which was treated with 0.1% potassium metabisulphite.
A novel visualized foraminoplasty technique in patients with lumbar disc herniation with lumbar foraminal stenosis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Lin Chao-wei , Chen Ming-hang , He Yao-zhi , Yan Xin , Lai Jia-xin , Fan Shi-kang , Li Sheng , Teng Hong-lin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To introduce a novel visualized foraminoplasty technique in patients with lumbar disc herniation with lumbar foraminal stenosis.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who had undergone surgery in our hospital for lumbar disc herniation with foraminal stenosis. We enrolled 35 patients who received the traditional TESSYS technique and 70 who received the new technique. We compared the foraminalplasty time, fluoroscopy times, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative dural and nerve root injuries, length of postoperative hospital stay, clinical outcome according with modified MacNab criteria, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)between the new technique group and the traditional TESSYS technique group.RESULTS: The intraoperative VAS score(1.84±0.96) and fluoroscopic times(13.30±3.79) in the new technique group were significantly lower than those in the traditional TESSYS group (intraoperative VAS score,3.60±1.09,P=0.000;fluoroscopic times,20.00±4.24,P=0.000).The foraminalplasty time in the TESSYS group(17.60±3.46) was significantly shorter than that in the new technique group (22.81±4.86)(P=0.000).There were no significant differences in length of hospital stay after surge, postoperative VAS score and postoperative ODI score between the two groups (P=0.835, P=0.779, P=0.350). In addition, the amount of blood loss during foraminoplasty could not be calculated due to the presence of continuous saline irrigation in the new technique group. In the conventional TESSYS technique group, there was 1 patient with exiting nerve root injury who developed significant leg pain after surgery.CONCLUTIONS: The novel visualized foraminoplasty technique is a safe and effective surgical method. Compared with traditional surgical methods, it has obvious advantages in reducing intraoperative pain and radiation exposure.
Subordinate ravens (Corvus corax) increase alarm calling when temporarily separated from group members
Authors: Blum Christian R. , Fitch W. Tecumseh , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough predator avoidance can have immense impacts on fitness, individual variation in anti-predator behaviour remains largely unexplained. Existing studies investigating predator responses and learning have occurred in individual or group settings, but not both. Solely testing individuals allows for evaluations of only individual variations in learning or personality, while testing only in groups makes it impossible to distinguish individual differences from social effects. In this study, we directly compared common raven anti-predator behaviour both alone and in a social group. We trained 15 ravens to recognize and respond to a novel experimental predator, and then tested them in both group and isolation settings across 1.5 years. ResultsWe found that dominant individuals spent more time alarm calling than subordinates, but only subordinates call more when separated whereas dominants do not. Dominants also scolded sooner than subordinates in the group trials.ConclusionsWe speculate that subordinate ravens are suppressed from, or are less capable of, performing intense anti-predator behaviour while in the group, while dominant individuals use their anti-predator responses to signal status in the group. This suggests that, in addition to its recruitment or predator-deterrent effects, alarm calling may serve as a marker of individual quality to conspecifics.
A tool for recommending keywords with more live and more attention.
Authors: Chamorro-Padial Jorge , Rodríguez-Sánchez Rosa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method to help authors to choose alternative Keywords that help their papers to gain visibility. These alternative keywords must have a certain level of popularity in the scientific community and, at the same time, be keywords that have fewer competitors. The competitors would be derived from other papers containing the same keywords. Having fewer competitors would allow the author’s paper to have a higher consult frequency. In order to recommend keywords, we must first determine an Attention-Survival score. The attention score is obtained by using the popularity of a keyword. The survival score is derived by the number of manuscripts using the same keyword. With these two scores, we created a new algorithm that finds alternative keywords with a high Attention-Survival score. We used ontologies in order to ensure that alternative keywords proposed by our method are semantically related to the original authors keywords that authors wish to refine. The hierarchical structure in an ontology supports the relationship between the alternative keywords and the input keywords. To test the sensibility of the ontology, we used two sources: WordNet and The Computer Science Ontology. Finally, we launched a survey to have human validation for our algorithm, by using keywords from Web of Science papers and three ontologies: WordNet, CSO and DBpedia. We obtained good results in all our tests.
Antibiotic-resistance Staphylococcus spp. in stethoscopes of nursing students from a public university of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Ísis Catharine Rodrigues , Santana Marcielle Santos , Costa-Júnior Sérgio Dias , Alves Alisson Emannuel Franco , Cavalcanti Isabella Macario Ferro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The present study aim to identify and determine the resistance profile of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (SCN) and Staphylococcus coagulase-positive (SCP) strains isolated from stethoscopes of nursing students at a public university in Pernambuco. Methods: Samples were collected from 60 students’ stethoscopes and seeded in culture medium supplemented with oxacillin (6 µg/mL) e vancomycin (6 µg/mL) to screen for detection of resistant strains. Subsequently, it was performed the identification of the isolates through breeding in agar Baird Parker and biochemical tests. To determine the resistance profile, disk diffusion tests, “D” test and broth microdilution tests were performed.Results: Among the analyzed strains in the present study, one SCN strain presented resistance to oxacillin and vancomycin and another strain showed intermediate resistance to vancomycin, and resistance to oxacillin with positive “D” test. In addition, other four SCP exhibited total resistance to more than one drug. Conclusions: In brief, the importance of identifying and resolving the resistance profile of microorganisms in fomites present in the hospital environment is highlighted, especially in equipment such as the stethoscope. Emphasizing the use of efficient methods of disinfection, in addition to the use of appropriate therapy for the treatment of these infections.
Magicmol - Fast and variable synthetic accessibility molecule generative model with reinforcement learning
Authors: Chen Lin , Shen Qing , Lou Jungang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The flourishment of machine learning and deep learning methods have boosted the development of cheminformatics, especially when it comes to the application of drug discovery and new materials exploration. Lower time and space expenses make it possible for scientists to search the enormous chemical space for novel molecules. During this process, the generative model plays a significant role in quickly generating novel molecules, including predefined properties. Recently, some work combines reinforcement learning strategies with a generative model to optimize the property of generated drug-like molecules, which notably improved a batch of critical factors when it comes to drug discovery. However, a common problem of these RNN (recurrent neural network) based methods is that the novelty and validity of generated molecules depend on the “teacher-forcing strategy.” which is learned from an extensive database. Thus, there is inevitable to meet this situation that several generated molecules have difficulty in synthesizing even if owning higher desired properties such as binding score. In this paper, we proposed a new pipeline called Magicmol to directly change the synthetic accessibility of RNN-based generative models using reinforcement learning without introducing extra parameters. With proper strategies, the model can generate either hard-to-synthesis or easy-to-synthesis molecules with high validity. And our result shows a significant shift in the distribution of molecules with different synthetic accessibility when compared with the original model ,and we concluded some possible applications of Magicmol.
Clinical utility of psoas muscle volume in assessment of sarcopenia in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yamada Yuki , Shimada Yoshihisa , Makino Yojiro , Kudo Yujin , Maehara Sachio , Yamada Takafumi , Hagiwara Masaru , Kakihana Masatoshi , Ohira Tatsuo , Ikeda Norihiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sarcopenia influences postoperative outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Psoas volume index (PVI) has been used to evaluate sarcopenia. However, the relationship between sarcopenia based on PVI and clinical outcomes has not been fully investigated for patients with early-stage NSCLC. This study aimed to clarify the clinical utility of PVI values in assessing sarcopenia.
Methods
This study included 645 patients with stage I-II NSCLC who underwent curative lung resection between 2012 and 2017. Bilateral psoas major muscle volumes were calculated semi-automatically using a three-dimensional workstation. The cutoff value of PVI for defining sarcopenia was < 60.5 cm3/m3 for men and < 43.6 cm3/m3 for women. Propensity score-matched analysis was performed to eliminate imbalances in baseline characteristics of patients according to the presence of sarcopenia.
Results
A total of 159 patients (24.7%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia preoperatively. On multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (both p < 0.001). There were 145 patients in both the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups after propensity score matching; the 5-year OS and RFS were significantly worse in patients with sarcopenia than in those without (91.3% vs. 75.4%, p < 0.001 and 84.3% vs. 67.9%, p = 0.002). The 5-year lung cancer-specific survival (LCS) was significantly worse in patients with sarcopenia than in those without (94.8% vs. 81.3%, p = 0.001).
Conclusion
Sarcopenia diagnosed using PVI is an independent prognostic predictor of OS, RFS, and LCS in early stage NSCLC. This novel application of sarcopenia assessment is useful for predicting survival of patients with NSCLC.