bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dodge City Tornadoes on 24 May 2016: Understanding Cycloidal Marks in Surface Damage Tracks and Further Analysis of the Debris Cloud
Authors: Wakimoto Roger M. , Wienhoff Zachary , Reif Dylan , Bluestein Howard B. , Lewellen David C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mobile, polarimetric radar data were collected on a series of tornadoes that occurred near Dodge City, Kansas. A poststorm survey revealed a series of tornadic debris swaths in several dirt fields and high-resolution pictures of the tornado documented the visual characteristics of the tornado and the lofted debris cloud. The main rotational couplet associated with the tornado was identified in the single-Doppler velocities; however, no secondary rotational couplets were resolved in the low-level data performed during two consecutive volume scans. Numerical simulations have suggested that cycloidal damage swaths can result when debris is deposited as the low-level inflow turns upward in the corner region of the updraft annulus of the tornado core. This mechanism can dominate even when suction vortices are present in the simulations and can produce these swaths in the absence of these smaller-scale vortices. It is hypothesized that the observed cycloidal damage swaths were a result of the low-level inflow in the corner region of the tornado and not by the existence of suction vortices. Polarimetric data were combined with photographs of the tornado in order to document the lofted debris cloud and its relationship with the funnel. This analysis provided an opportunity to investigate whether recent findings describing the cross-correlation coefficient ρhv and differential reflectivity ZDR signatures of the lofted debris cloud could be replicated. Regions of low ρhv at the periphery of the funnel cloud suggesting high debris loading and a column of negative ZDR centered on the tornado believed to be produced by common debris alignment were noted.

Significance Statement
It is well known that some tornadoes produce smaller-scale vortices that rotate around the central axis of the main circulation. In addition, numerous aerial photographs have documented cycloidal debris marks within tornado damage tracks that traverse open fields. The prevailing theory shown in numerous textbooks is that these marks are produced by these vortices. The current study suggests that this widely accepted model for producing these marks may be incorrect. It is suggested that these cycloidal marks are produced by the main tornado circulation and not by the smaller-scale vortices in this case.
Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients With Symptom Onset >12 Hours: Data from China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Hu Mengjin , Peng Ya , Gao Xiaojin , Yang Jingang , Xu Haiyan , Wu Yuan , Song Lei , Qiao Shubin , Hu Fenghuan , Wang Yang , Li Wei , Jin Chen , Yang Yuejin ,   China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators
Published: May 2022

To determine whether late percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of an infarct-related artery >12 h after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction onset is beneficial, patients were included from the prospective, nationwide, multicenter China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry. The number of patients who underwent PCI or received drug therapy alone was 4791 and 1149, respectively. Hazard ratio (HR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Compared with drug therapy, PCI was associated with lower incidences of 2-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; 6.43 vs 20.19%; HR, .27; 95% CI, .23-.32; P < .001), all-cause death (4.13 vs 15.74%; HR, .24; 95% CI, .20-.30; P < .001), myocardial infarction (1.73 vs 3.31%; HR, .49; 95% CI, .33-.72; P = .0003), stroke (1.02 vs 2.00%; HR, .47; 95% CI, .28-.77; P = .0026), and revascularization (10.96 vs 27.56%; HR, .32; 95% CI, .26-.39; P < .001). Subgroup analysis consistently indicated that PCI was superior to drug therapy. Moreover, the left ventricular ejection fraction in the PCI group was increased after 2-year follow-up, whereas there was no significant increase in the drug therapy group. In conclusion, late PCI is common in Chinese clinical practice, and it is associated with significant improvements in cardiac function and survival compared with drug therapy alone.
Effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation on anxiety-like behaviours in mice
Authors: Collins Helen M , Pinacho Raquel , Ozdemir Dersu , Bannerman David M , Sharp Trevor 
Published: May 2022

Background: Abrupt cessation of therapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is associated with a discontinuation syndrome, typified by numerous disabling symptoms, including anxiety. Surprisingly, little is known of the behavioural effect of SSRI discontinuation in animals. Aim: Here, the effect of SSRI discontinuation on anxiety-like behaviour was systematically investigated in mice. Methods: Experiments were based on a three-arm experimental design comprising saline, continued SSRI and discontinued SSRI. Mice were assessed 2 days after SSRI discontinuation over a 5-day period using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and other anxiety tests. Results: An exploratory experiment found cessation of paroxetine (12 days) was associated with decreased open-arm exploration and reduced total distance travelled, in male but not female mice. Follow-up studies confirmed a discontinuation effect on the EPM in male mice after paroxetine (12 days) and also citalopram (12 days). Mice receiving continued paroxetine (but not citalopram) also showed decreased open-arm exploration but this was dissociable from the effects of discontinuation. The discontinuation response to paroxetine did not strengthen after 28 days of treatment but was absent after 7 days of treatment. A discontinuation response was not discernible in other anxiety and fear-learning tests applied 3–5 days after treatment cessation. Finally, discontinuation effects on the EPM were typically associated with decreased locomotion on the test. However, separate locomotor testing implicated anxiety-provoked behavioural inhibition rather than a general reduction in motor activity. Conclusion: Overall, this study provides evidence for a short-lasting behavioural discontinuation response to cessation of SSRI treatment in mice.
Correlates of bacterial vaginosis among women from North India
Authors: Challa Apoorva , Kachhawa Garima , Sood Seema , Upadhyay Ashish D , Dwivedi Sada N , Gupta Somesh 
Published: May 2022

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among pre-menopausal women and associated with adversities of sexual and reproductive health. The present study aimed to identify potential epidemiological and behavioural risk factors and clinical predictors of BV among women in Delhi, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess 283 non-pregnant women aged 18–45 years for BV using Nugent’s scoring criteria. Information on demographics, sexual behaviours, hygiene practices and clinical symptoms was obtained and evaluated for their association with Nugent-BV status. Results: A positive diagnosis for Nugent-BV was made in 69 (24.4%) participants, 55 (19.4%) were intermediate and 159 (65.2%) were negative for Nugent-BV. Infertility ( p = .02) and recent unprotected sexual exposure ( p = .02) were strongly associated with Nugent-BV. On the other hand, women who reported regular use of condoms during intercourse were more likely to test negative ( p = .03). None of the patient complaints, however, had any significant correlation with Nugent-BV diagnosis. Conclusion: Women in their reproductive years share the highest burden of adversities associated with bacterial vaginosis. History of infertility, recent unprotected sexual exposure and frequent use of condoms were correlates having significant associations with Nugent-BV.
Cost-effectiveness of cyclophosphamide and non-cyclophosphamide in the induction therapy of Malaysian lupus nephritis patients
Authors: Rosli Fatimah Z , Shaharir Syahrul S , Abdul Gafor Abdul H , Mohd Rozita , Aizuddin Azimatun N , Osman Sabrizan 
Published: May 2022

Background There is a paradigm shift in the induction therapy for proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). Apart from cyclophosphamide (CYC), mycophenolate mofetil and calcineurin inhibitors have emerged as an alternative option of treatment. Objective We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) per year, adverse events and renal damage at 24 months between CYC and non-CYC agents (calcineurin inhibitors or mycophenolate) as induction treatment among proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) patients. Methods This was a retrospective and non-controlled study involving biopsy-proven proliferative LN patients (class III or IV with or without V) in the clinic registry from 2017 to 2019. Their medical records were reviewed to determine the date and type of induction, treatment effectiveness, adverse events and renal damage at 24 months. The total cost of treatment included capital cost (building, furniture and equipment) and recurrent cost (emolument, supply/drug, lab investigations, administrative cost and utilities). Treatment effectiveness was defined as renal remission (partial or complete) at 6 months without relapse up to 24 months. The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was expressed as cost per remission per year in Malaysian Ringgit (MYR). Results There were a total of 95 inductions with CYC and 27 with non-CYC in 94 LN patients. There was no significant difference in the total mean cost per patient/year between CYC (MYR 18460.26 ± 6500.76) compared to non-CYC (MYR 19302.10 ± 6778.22), p = 0.569. The CEA for CYC was MYR 20,632.06 (GBP 3,538.78) while non-CYC was MYR 20,846.27 (GBP 3,575.52) and mean difference MYR 214.21 (GBP 37.44). There was significantly higher capital cost, consumables, utility, maintenance, administration ( p < 0.001) and lab investigations ( p = 0.046) in the CYC arm. There was a trend of a higher infection requiring outpatient antibiotic treatment in CYC group ( p = 0.05), but similar renal damage outcome with the non-CYC group. Conclusion: For treatment of proliferative LN, there was no significant difference in the CEA and renal damage between CYC and non-CYC induction treatment. There was a trend of a higher rate of infections in the CYC group. Hence, the decision to treat patient with CYC or MMF should be tailored to individual patients, by considering the risk of infection in a particular patient.
Neonatal Sepsis and Associated Factors Among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in General Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia 2020
Authors: Roble Abdurahman Kedir , Ayehubizu Liyew Mekonen , Olad Hafsa Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Globally, the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity is neonatal sepsis, which is defined as a clinical course marked by systemic inflammation in the presence of infection in a newborn. There are limited data concerning neonatal sepsis in eastern Ethiopia. As a result, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis and associated factors among neonates admitted to intensive care units at general hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study with retrospective document review was conducted among newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. Using simple random sampling, the charts of 356 newborns who were hospitalized between January and December 2019 were included, and data were collected using a pretested checklist. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: The overall prevalence of neonatal sepsis was 45.8% (95% CI 40.7, 51.4). Prolonged rupture of the membrane (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: [1.27-4.45]), vaginal delivery (AOR = 1.78, 95%, CI: [1.09, 2.96]) APGAR score <7 (AOR = 4.55, 95% CI: [2.49-8.29]), prelacteal feeding (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: [1.68-8.23]), and mechanical ventilation (AOR = 4.97,95%CI: [2.78-8.89]) were predictors associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis was high, and factors associated with neonatal sepsis included prolonged rupture of membrane, mode of delivery, low APGAR score, prelacteal feeding and mechanical ventilation. As a result, maternal and neonatal care should be enhanced to lower the risk of neonatal sepsis.
Callous-Unemotional Traits and Face-Emotion Recognition as Mediators in Conduct Problems of Children With ADHD
Authors: Levy Tomer , Peskin Miriam , Kohn Yoav , Sheinhorn Sapir , Schoen Gila , Weizman Abraham , Golubchik Pavel 
Published: May 2022

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risk for conduct problems (CP), as well as with callous-unemotional traits (CUt) and lower accuracy in face emotional recognition (FER). It is unclear, however, whether CUt and low accuracy in FER contribute to the risk for CP in ADHD. The present study investigated the possibility of such contribution. Methods: This pilot study’s participants included 31 children aged 7–17 years, diagnosed with ADHD, and treated in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The parents rated their children on the ADHD Rating Scale, Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits, and the Child Behavior Checklist-Conduct Problems scale. Participants completed the Hebrew version of the children’s Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (cRMET)—a Theory of Mind measure. A bootstrapped multiple mediator model was used, adjusting for age and gender. Results: ADHD symptoms were associated with CP. This association was not mediated by CUt or cRMET. CUt was associated with CP independent of ADHD symptom severity. Conclusions: ADHD symptoms and CUt both should be considered when assessing risk for CP and devising a treatment plan, in children with ADHD. Current results did not confirm the hypothesis that cRMET and CUt mediate between ADHD symptoms and CP. More studies employing larger samples, longitudinal design, and other emotion recognition measures are needed.
Shear behavior of concrete beams reinforced with closed-type winding glass fiber-reinforced polymer stirrups
Authors: Yuan Ye , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Daiyu 
Published: May 2022

Conventional pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rod stirrups are susceptible to premature bent corner rupture and bond slip failure of overlapping legs. This research proposed a new type FRP shear reinforcement, closed-type winding GFRP (CW-GFRP) stirrups, featuring a fully closed rectangular cross-section. CW-GFRP stirrups completely avoided slip and significantly improved the strength of bent portion of stirrups. To investigate the feasibility of using CW-GFRP stirrups as shear reinforcement, shear test of 8 concrete beams reinforced with conventional pultruded stirrups and CW-GFRP stirrups was conducted. The beams were 300 mm deep and 150 mm wide, and their shear span ratio were 2.07. The effect of the material of stirrups, the spacing of stirrups, and the width of CW-GFRP stirrups were investigated. The test results showed that pultruded stirrups exhibited bond slip failure, in contrast, CW-GFRP stirrups reinforced beams prevented this failure and showed enhanced stiffness, narrower shear crack width and 1.09–1.12 times higher shear capacity. The splitting failure typical of CW-GFRP stirrups was reported, and a smaller stirrups width is expected to avoid splitting and generate greater strain at ultimate. It can be concluded that the new type of CW-GFRP stirrups is an optimized form of FRP shear reinforcement to supersede conventional pultruded stirrups. Strut-and-tie models based on ACI 318-19 and CSA S806-14 were used to predict the shear strength and produced a safe but relatively accurate prediction.
E-Govemment and Public Affairs Education
Authors: Jennings Edward T. 
Published: May 2022

This article examines three fundamental questions with respect to the place of e-government in graduate education for cancers in public service. First, where does e-govemment fit in the curriculum of graduate programs in public policy and administration? Second, might we expect the answer to this question to vary depending on the institutional home and type of public affaire degree? Third, should we expect programs to offer a required course on e-government or should we aim to integrate material on e-govemment throughout the curriculum? These questions are approached through standards developed for public affairs education in the United States. hut they are examined in the context of international variations in governance, technology, and education. The article first traces the development of e-government across the globe, summarizing important issues and considerations that governments must answer as they pursue e-government initiatives. It then reviews standards that have been developed for public affairs education in the United States and turns to the question of how in incorporate e-government in the curricalum. E-government involves much more than technological and information management questions. Thus, it has implications for the entire public affairs curriculum. It is unlikely that a single course can successfully covers technical, managerial, and policy dimensions of e-government. For must programs, it will be more productive to explore e-government across a range of courses in the existing curriculum. The approach that is taken is likely to be affected by institutional setting, resources, and faculty competencies. It is also likely to be shaped by the broader social, economic, and political environments in which programs operate. Although the stage of e-government development in the country is likely to make a difference, although we can also hope that our training will also shape e-government's development.
Patterns of Infra-Popliteal Arterial Disease
Authors: Del Valle William , Wedderman Dave 
Published: May 2022

Introduction The growth of the diabetic population and the increased prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) below the knee has created an increased demand for duplex ultrasound (DUS) evaluation of the infra-popliteal arteries. The purpose of this study is to show how DUS can be used to identify the patterns of infra-popliteal arterial occlusive disease. Methods: We performed infra-popliteal duplex ultrasound scans on 100 consecutive patients (199 limbs) with suspected PAD. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) was obtained from the anterior tibial artery (ATA) and posterior tibial artery (PTA) at the distal, mid, and proximal calf levels. The acceleration time (AT) was measured in the distal ATA and PTA segments. Results: The PTA was the infra-popliteal artery that was most often totally occluded (21% of limbs). Segmental PTA occlusions occurred predominantly in the proximal and distal segments. The ATA was totally occluded in 8% of limbs, with segmental occlusions located predominantly in the mid segment. We also confirmed that proximal PAD prolongs distal infra-popliteal artery AT and reduces distal PSV. Conclusion: These data add to our understanding of the patterns of infra-popliteal arterial disease and should be of interest to sonographers who perform DUS of the lower extremity arteries.
Five-year evaluation of a low-cost quality assurance protocol for clinical ultrasound transducers
Authors: Hyldgaard Niels , Bolander Malvang Lise , Brix Lau 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To implement, execute and evaluate a quality assurance test protocol for clinical ultrasound transducers that is software-based, user-independent, inexpensive, easily repeatable, and does not require tissue phantoms. Methods: The test protocol is based on in-air reverberation images. The software test tool generates uniformity- and reverberation profiles to monitor system sensitivities and signal uniformities that provide a sensitive analysis of transducer status. Whenever a transducer was suspected to be damaged validating tests were conducted using the Sonora FirstCall test system. A total of 21 transducers from five ultrasound scanner systems were included in the study. Tests were performed every other month for a total of 5 years. Results: Each transducer was tested on average 11.7 times. Testing a transducer required a total of 2.75 hours annually. The ultrasound quality assurance test protocol detected an average annual fail rate of 10.7%. The test protocol provides a reliable approach for monitoring transducer lens status of clinically used ultrasound transducers. Conclusion: The ultrasound quality assurance test protocol may potentially find deviations in diagnostic quality before being noticed by the clinicians. Thus, the ultrasound quality assurance test protocol holds the ability to reduce the risk of undiscovered image quality degradation hereby minimizing the danger of diagnostic errors.
Seizure control and its associated factors among epileptic patients at Neurology Clinic, University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Zena Dawit , Tadesse Abilo , Bekele Nebiyu , Yaregal Samson , Sualih Nuria , Worku Edilawit 
Published: May 2022

Background: Epilepsy is characterized by two or more unprovoked recurrent seizures, which often respond to available antiseizure medications. However, seizure control among epileptic patients in the developing world is low. Factors determining seizure control among epileptic patients were not evidently explored in the study setting. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the magnitude of uncontrolled seizures and associated factors among epileptic patients at the University of Gondar hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A convenience sampling method was used to recruit study subjects. Controlled seizure was defined as seizure freedom for the past 1 year. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with seizure control. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare a significant association. Results: A total of 320 study subjects were included in the study. The mean (±SD) age of patients was 27.5 ± 7.6 years. More than half (182/320, 57%) of epileptic patients had uncontrolled seizures. Five or more pretreatment seizure episodes (adjusted odds ratio = 3.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.81–8.75, p = 0.001), less than 2 years on anti-seizure medications (adjusted odds ratio = 8.64, 95% confidence interval: 3.27–22.85, p < 0.001), taking 2 or more ASMs (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.23–5.02, p = 0.011), poor adherence to ASMs (adjusted odds ratio = 9.37, 95% confidence interval: 4.04–21.75, p < 0.001), and living at a single trip distance from hospital equaled 1 h or more (adjusted odds ratio = 4.20, 95% confidence interval: 2.11–8.41, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with uncontrolled seizures. Conclusion: The dose of a preferred anti-seizure medication should be optimized before combinations of anti-seizure medications are used. Adherence to anti-seizure medications should be reinforced for better seizure control. Epilepsy care should be integrated into primary health care services in the catchment region.