bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of Months of Baseball in the Previous Year and Preseason Olecranon Tenderness: Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High-School Baseball Players
Authors: Lau Brian C. , Scribani Melissa , Kim Billy I. , Benoit Thomas , Spence Andrew , Wittstein Jocelyn R. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To identify risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in high-school baseball position players and pitchers in the preseason history and physical examination.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Community high-school baseball.

Participants:
Three hundred seventy-one male baseball players' mean age 15.0 ± 1.8 years.

Outcome Measures:
A preseason history and physical examination was performed on all athletes. Injury information was collected by weekly self-report and athletic trainer injury logs throughout the season. Comparisons between injured and noninjured players were performed using t tests and χ2 analyses. Binary logistic regression models were developed to identify risk factors for injury.

Results:
Seventy-six injuries were recorded over the season. In univariate analysis, the injured group had greater months of baseball participation (P = 0.007) and shoulder visual analog scale for the past year (P = 0.003). The injured group also had more olecranon tenderness (P < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] 2.9) and decreased elbow arc of motion. All other factors were not significantly different (P > 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression, months per year of baseball participation was the only factor significantly associated with injuries (P = 0.010, OR = 1.21).

Conclusions:
Baseball players who developed arm injuries during a season were more likely to play more months of baseball and report shoulder pain in the previous year. The presence of preseason olecranon tenderness was associated with nearly triple the risk of injury during the season. Every additional month of baseball participation in the previous year was associated with a 1.2× increased odds of injury. The presence of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit was not a predictor of injury.
Association of Self-Reported Coping Strategies With Speech Recognition Outcomes in Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Espahbodi Mana , Harvey Erin , Livingston Austin J. , Montagne William , Kozlowski Kristin , Jensen Jamie , Liu Xuerong , Juan Wanlin , Tarima Sergey , Rusch Mark , Harris Michael S. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To characterize the degree to which individual coping strategies may influence speech perception after cochlear implantation.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Adult, postlingually deaf cochlear implant recipients.

Intervention(s)
The Coping Orientation to Problems Experience inventory, a validated, multidimensional self-reported coping scale, was administered preoperatively.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Speech perception was measured using consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) phoneme and word scores, AzBio sentence accuracy in quiet and noise, and Hearing in Noise Test sentences in quiet preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Quality of life was measured with the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index and the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire.

Results
Thirty-six patients were included in this study. Mean age at surgery was 70.7 ± 11.4 years. Acceptance was associated with a decreased AzBio in noise score in the 6 months after CI (regression coefficient b = −0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.07 to −0.03; p < 0.01). Denial was associated with a decreased AzBio in quiet score (b = −0.05; 95% CI, −0.09 to −0.01; p < 0.05), whereas humor was associated with an increased AzBio in quiet score (b = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; p < 0.05). Humor was also associated with an increased Hearing in Noise Test score (b = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.07; p < 0.05). Denial was associated with decreased CNC word (b = −0.04; 95% CI, −0.06 to −0.02; p < 0.01) and phoneme (b = −0.04; 95% CI, −0.07 to −0.02; p < 0.01) scores, whereas substance use was associated with increased CNC word (b = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05, p < 0.01) and phoneme (b = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.06; p < 0.01) scores. Scores on self-reported quality of life measures were not significantly correlated with coping strategies.

Conclusion
A variety of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies are used by postlingually deaf adult cochlear implant users. Denial and acceptance may be more predictive of poor speech performance, whereas humor and substance use may be more predictive of improved speech performance.
Evolution of Type D Personality Traits After Cochlear Implantation in Severely Hearing Impaired Adults 55 Years and Older: An Exploratory Prospective, Longitudinal, Controlled, Multicenter Study
Authors: Andries Ellen , Bieńkowska Katarzyna , Świerniak Weronika , Skarżyński Piotr Henryk , Skarżyński Henryk , Calvino Miryam , Cuadrado Isabel Sanchez , Muñoz Elena , Gavilán Javier , Lassaletta Luis , Tavora-Vieira Dayse , Acharya Aanand , Killan Catherine , Ridgwell Jillian , Raine Christopher , Van de Heyning Paul , Van Rompaey Vincent , Mertens Griet 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
To study the evolution of type D personality traits in older adults after cochlear implantation compared with a control group of severely hearing impaired older adults who did not receive a cochlear implant (CI). The influence of COVID-19 on this evolution was also explored. Type D personality combines a high degree of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI).

Methods
In this prospective, longitudinal, controlled multicenter exploratory study, 76 older CI users and 21 severely hearing impaired controls without CI were included. The CI group and the control group did not differ significantly regarding age, formal education, residual hearing, Type D Scale-14 (DS14) total score, NA, and SI at baseline. Type D personality traits were assessed with the DS14 at baseline (T0) and 14 months later (T14).

Results
Type D personality traits differed significantly over time between the CI group and the control group (p < 0.001). In the CI group, the DS14 total score (mean delta T = −6.63; p < 0.001), NA (mean delta T = −3.26; p < 0.001), and SI (mean delta T = −3.37; p < 0.001) improved significantly over time (delta T = T14–T0), whereas no significant difference was found in the control group. Significantly fewer subjects were categorized as type D personalities in the CI group (delta T = −12; p = 0.023) at T14, whereas no significant change was found in the control group (delta T = 3; p = 0.250). COVID-19 did not influence the evolution of type D personality traits significantly in the CI group.

Conclusion
Cochlear implantation has a positive effect on type D personality traits in older adults with a severe-to-profound hearing impairment.
Factors Influencing Postoperative Experiences in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients: A Multistakeholder Perspective
Authors: Ebrahimi-Madiseh Azadeh , Eikelboom Robert H. , Bennett Rebecca J. , Upson Gemma S. , Friedland Peter , Swanepoel De Wet , Atlas Marcus D. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To explore factors influencing postoperative experiences of adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients, determine the impact of each factor, and conceptualize recipients' postoperative journey.

Study Design
Participatory mixed methods; concept mapping.

Setting
Tertiary care (private and public).

Patients
Ninety-three participated in the brainstorming activity. Eighty-nine completed the sorting tasks (96% retention rate): CI recipients (n = 44), significant others (n = 13), CI audiologists (n = 14) and surgeons (n = 5), CI clinics' administration staff (n = 5) and managers (n = 3), and CI manufactures' clinical support staff (n = 5).

Intervention(s)
Rehabilitative (CIs).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Statements were generated and rated by participants. Similarity of grouping of the statements informed the matrices used for cluster analysis to form concepts.

Results
Eighty-seven unique statements described the factors influencing adapting to, use, and maintenance of CIs after implantation. These were grouped, and five concepts were identified: financial considerations, complications, device usability and durability, device programming and adaptation, and patient motivation and supports. Although statements within the concepts financial considerations and complications were negatively rated, statements within the concepts device programming and adaptation, and patient motivation and supports were mostly rated as having positive influence in patients' postoperative journey. The concept device usability and durability contained both negatively and positively rated statements.

Conclusions
Postoperative experience of adult CI recipients is a multifaceted journey with several challenges to address to improve services. Although support from and connection with family and clinicians, and simplicity of using a CI device facilitated the experience, medical and surgical complications, durability, and cost of maintaining the device challenged the postoperative experience.
Implementation Strategy for Highly-Coordinated Cochlear Implant Care With Remote Programming: The Complete Cochlear Implant Care Model
Authors: Nassiri Ashley M. , Saoji Aniket A. , DeJong Melissa D. , Tombers Nicole M. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Neff Brian A. , Haynes David S. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
To introduce and discuss implementation strategy for the Complete Cochlear Implant Care (CCIC) model, a highly-coordinated cochlear implant (CI) care delivery model requiring a single on-site visit for preoperative workup, surgery, and postoperative programming.

Study Design
Prospective, nonrandomized, two-arm clinical trial.

Setting
Tertiary referral CI center.

Patients
Adults who meet audiologic criteria for cochlear implantation.

Interventions
Cochlear implantation, coordinated care delivery, including remote programming.

Main outcome measures
Care delivery model feasibility and process implementation.

Results
Patients determined to be likely CI candidates based on routine audiometry are eligible for enrollment. The CCIC model uses telemedicine and electronic educational materials to prepare patients for same-day on-site consultation with CI surgery, same or next-day activation, and postoperative remote programming for 12 months. Implementation challenges include overcoming inertia related to the implementation of a new clinical workflow, whereas scalability of the CCIC model is limited by current hardware requirements for remote programming technology. A dedicated CCIC process coordinator is critical for overcoming obstacles in implementation and process improvement through feedback and iterative changes. Team and patient-facing materials are included and should be tailored to fit each unique CI program looking to implement CCIC.

Conclusion
The CCIC model has the potential to dramatically streamline hearing healthcare delivery. Implementation requires an adaptive approach, as obstacles may vary according to institutional infrastructure and policies.
Sporadic and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis-associated Foveolar-type Adenoma of the Stomach
Authors: Naka Tomoaki , Hashimoto Taiki , Cho Hourin , Tanabe Noriko , Yoshida Teruhiko , Yatabe Yasushi , Yoshikawa Takaki , Abe Seiichiro , Sekine Shigeki 
Published: August 2022

Gastric foveolar-type adenoma (FA) is a rare benign neoplasm occurring either sporadically or in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, the molecular features of FA and the relationship between sporadic and syndromic lesions remain unclear. In this study, we performed clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses of 18 sporadic and 30 FAP-associated FAs. Most sporadic and FAP-associated FAs were located in the upper or middle third of the stomach, on a background of fundic gland mucosa. Most lesions were low-grade, but 3 lesions had a high-grade component. Sporadic FAs included 2 morphologically distinct subtypes, that is, flat and raspberry-like FAs, which we distinguished based on the endoscopic features. Seven lesions were regarded as flat FAs, appearing as large, slightly elevated lesions and measuring 11 to 87 mm in size. Conversely, 10 raspberry-like FAs were small bright-red polyps, measuring 2 to 8 mm in size. FAP-associated FAs, particularly larger lesions, exhibited morphologic features resembling flat FAs but varied significantly in size (2 to 103 mm). Mutation analysis identified APC and KRAS mutations in all flat FAs but never in raspberry-like FAs. Remarkably, somatic APC and KRAS mutations were also detected in 19 (63%) and 27 (90%) of FAP-associated FAs, respectively. This indicates that they are genetically equivalent to sporadic, flat FAs. This study showed that sporadic FA includes at least 2 morphologically and genetically distinct subtypes: flat and raspberry-like FA. Furthermore, flat FA represents a sporadic counterpart of FAP-associated FA.
Non-AIDS Events in Individuals With Spontaneous Control of HIV-1: A Systematic Review
Authors: Groenendijk Albert L. , Vos Wilhelm A. J. W. , dos Santos Jéssica C. , Rokx Casper , van der Ven Andre J. A.M. , Verbon Annelies 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk for non–AIDS-defining events (nADEs), including cardiovascular events, non-AIDS malignances, hepatic disease, and bacterial pneumonia.

Setting:
This systematic review seeks to answer the question: are PLHIV who spontaneously control HIV-1 subject to an increased risk of various nADEs relative to noncontrolling PLHIV on ART and people without HIV?

Methods:
Databases were searched on June 9, 2021 with a search syntax focused on the elements “HIV,” “spontaneous control,” and “clinical outcomes”: Embase.com (includes Embase and Medline), Medline Ovid (includes PubMed), Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Included were studies reporting non-AIDS events in spontaneous controllers. Excluded were case reports, conference papers, editorials, and reviews.

Results:
Of 1134 identified records, 34 were assessed for full-text and 12 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis: 5 cohorts, 2 cross-sectional prevalence studies, 4 cross-sectional imaging studies, and one case series. Four of 5 cohort studies showed that spontaneous controllers have a similar risk to develop nADEs compared with PLHIV on suppressive ART, specifically cardiovascular events, non-AIDS malignancies, hepatic disease, and bacterial pneumonia. Cross-sectional imaging studies showed a higher presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease in spontaneous controllers, than in people without HIV.

Conclusion:
Individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1 do not seem to be at a greater risk to develop different nADEs compared with PLHIV on suppressive ART. More data are needed, because the present conclusions are based on a limited number of studies that show large heterogeneity among them.
Orbital Soft Tissue Displacement After Blow-Out Fracture Repair Using Poly (L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Polymer Plates Based on Image Fusion Technique
Authors: Wei Yining , Wang Hui , Song Xuefei , Bi Xiaoping , Li Yinwei , Zhou Huifang , Shi Wodong 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the displacement of orbital soft tissue after blow-out fracture (BOF) repair with poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) plates.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study, all patients who had undergone repair operations for orbital BOF from 2017 to 2021 were evaluated. Poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) plates were used as repair materials. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography images were integrated into the same coordinate system applying image fusion technique and were compared to determine the maximum displacement of orbital tissue after surgical repair.

Results:
A total of 15 patients were included. Five were male, and 10 were female. Mean age was 33±16 years. Median waiting period was 18 (12–23) days. Six cases were medial wall fractures, 5 were floor fractures, and 4 were combined fractures. Maxillo-ethmoidal strut was involved in 4. Mean defect area was 176.52±108.48 mm2. Median interval between postoperative imaging examinations was 292 (223–600) days. Mean orbital tissue displacement was 2.6±1.8 mm. Using simple and multivariable linear regression analysis, the fracture defect area (P=0.001) and maxillo-ethmoidal strut involvement (P=0.013) were found to be significantly associated with orbital tissue displacement. Median orbital volume change was 0.804 (0.647–1.010) cm3. Average proptosis variation was 1.2±0.8 mm.

Conclusions:
Poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) plates were more suitable for orbital BOF with small defect size. Those with large defect or maxillo-ethmoidal strut involved might have greater tissue displacements due to decline of supporting strength of poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) plates.
Optimizing Perioperative Care in Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: Considerations for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
Authors: Barrette Louis-Xavier , Douglas Jennifer , Chorath Kevin T. , Shah Mitali , Lu Joseph , Newman Jason G. , Adappa Nithin , Kohanski Michael , Palmer James , Yoshor Daniel , Lee John , White Caitlin A. , Kharlip Julia , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: August 2022

Objective:To identify key recommendations for maximizing the efficiency and efficacy of perioperative care in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.Methods:The authors performed a comprehensive literature search of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols implemented for patients undergoing transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA); individual recommendations were abstracted, and the evidence base thoroughly reviewed.Results:The authors identified 19 individual recommendations pertinent to the care of patients undergoing TSA, which were subdivided into preoperative (n=6), intraoperative (n=6), and postoperative (n=7) interventions. Key factors recommended for minimizing length of stay, preventing readmission, and improving patient outcomes included comprehensive patient education, multidisciplinary evaluation, avoidance of routine lumbar drain placement and nasal packing, and rigorous postoperative monitoring of pituitary function and salt-water imbalances. The overall level of evidence for 7/19 (37%) implemented recommendations was found to be low, suggesting a need for continued research in this patient population.Conclusion:Several key interventions should be considered in the development of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols for TSA, which may aid in further decreasing length of stay and promoting positive patient outcomes.
Anti-interleukin-6 Antibody Clazakizumab in Antibody-mediated Renal Allograft Rejection: Accumulation of Antibody-neutralized Interleukin-6 Without Signs of Proinflammatory Rebound Phenomena
Authors: Borski Anita , Eskandary Farsad , Haindl Susanne , Doberer Konstantin , Mühlbacher Jakob , Mayer Katharina A. , Budde Klemens , Halloran Philip F. , Chong Edward , Jilma Bernd , Böhmig Georg A. , Wahrmann Markus 
Published: August 2022

Background.
Blockade of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for antibody-mediated rejection. Subtherapeutic anti-IL-6 antibody level or treatment cessation following prolonged cytokine neutralization may result in proinflammatory rebound phenomena via accumulation of IL-6 and/or modulated gene expression of major components of the IL-6/IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) axis.

Methods.
We evaluated biologic material obtained from a randomized controlled, double-blind phase 2 trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody clazakizumab in late antibody-mediated rejection. Twenty kidney transplant recipients, allocated to clazakizumab or placebo, received 4-weekly doses over 12 wks, followed by a 40-wk extension where all recipients received clazakizumab. Serum proteins were detected using bead-based immunoassays and RNA transcripts using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (peripheral blood) or microarray analysis (serial allograft biopsies).

Results.
Clazakizumab treatment resulted in a substantial increase in median total (bound and unbound to drug) serum IL-6 level (1.4, 8015, and 13 600 pg/mL at 0, 12, and 52 wks), but median level of free (unbound to drug) IL-6 did not increase (3.0, 2.3, and 2.3 pg/mL, respectively). Neutralization of IL-6 did not boost soluble IL-6R or leukocyte or allograft expression of IL-6, IL-6R, and glycoprotein 130 mRNA. Cessation of treatment at the end of the trial did not result in a meaningful increase in C-reactive protein or accelerated progression of graft dysfunction during 12 mo of follow-up.

Conclusion.
Our results argue against clinically relevant rebound phenomena and modulation of major components of the IL-6/IL-6R axis following prolonged IL-6 neutralization with clazakizumab.
Circulation of respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Gambia
Authors: Jarju S. , Senghore E. , Brotherton H. , Saidykhan A. , Jallow S. , Krubally E. , Sinjanka E. , Ndene M.N. , Bajo F. , Sanyang M. , Saidy B. , Bah A , Forrest K. , Clarke E. , D’Alessandro U. , Usuf E. , Cerami C. , Roca A. , Kampmann B. , de Silva T. I. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn many countries, non-pharmaceutical interventions to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission resulted in significant reductions in other respiratory viruses. However, similar data from Africa are limited. We explored the extent to which viruses such as influenza and rhinovirus co-circulated with SARS-CoV-2 in The Gambia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between April 2020 and March 2022, respiratory viruses were detected using RT-PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs from 1397 participants with influenza-like illness. Overall virus positivity was 44.2%, with prevalence higher in children <5 years (80%) compared to children aged 5-17 years (53.1%), adults aged 18-50 (39.5%) and >50 years (39.9%), p<0.0001. After SARS-CoV-2 (18.3%), rhinoviruses (10.5%) and influenza viruses (5.5%) were the most prevalent. SARS-CoV-2 positivity was lower in children <5 (4.3%) and 5-17 years (12.7%) than in adults aged 18-50 (19.3%) and >50 years (24.3%), p<0.0001. In contrast, rhinoviruses were most prevalent in children <5 years (28.7%), followed by children aged 5-17 (15.8%), adults aged 18-50 (8.3%) and >50 years (6.3%), p<0.0001. Four SARS-CoV-2 waves occurred, with 36.1%-52.4% SARS-CoV-2 positivity during peak months. Influenza infections were observed in both 2020 and 2021 during the rainy season as expected (peak positivity 16.4%-23.5%). Peaks of rhinovirus were asynchronous to the months when SARS-CoV-2 and influenza peaked.