bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Synthesis of Variously Substituted 2,3,4-Benzothiadiazepine 2,2-Dioxides
Authors: Volk Balázs , Nyulasi Bálint , Teski Tamara , Németh András Gy. , Sprőber Sára , Simig Gyula 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe significant pharmacological activity of 2,3-benzodiazepine-4-ones led to an increased interest in this compound family. However, the literature of the closely related 2,3,4-benzothiadiazepine 2,2-dioxides is rather scarce. Earlier we elaborated a synthesis of 5-aryl congeners variously substituted at the aromatic ring. In the present study, a new synthetic route was investigated via highly versatile intermediates, to extend the reaction to a wider aromatic substitution pattern and to the preparation of 5-alkyl and 5-H derivatives. The essence of this approach is, starting from benzaldehyde acetals, acetophenone and benzophenone ketals, to synthesize ortho-formyl- and ortho-acyl-arylmethanesulfonyl chlorides, which are suitable precursors of the target compounds. The synthesis was implemented as follows: ortho-lithiation of the corresponding acetals and ketals and subsequent treatment with paraformaldehyde, or alternatively in two steps, with DMF or ethyl formate, followed by reduction with NaBH4, led to the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivatives. Reaction of these latter with methanesulfonyl chloride gave mesylates that were used to S-alkylate thiourea to afford S-alkylisothiouronium salts. The final steps of the synthesis were carried out in a telescoped reaction. Treatment of the S-alkylisothiouronium salts with N-chlorosuccinimide resulted in the corresponding arylmethanesulfonyl chlorides. Subsequent reaction with hydrazine hydrate followed by an acidic treatment gave 2,3,4-benzothiadiazepine 2,2-dioxides.
Intrauterine Ultrasound-Guided Laser Coagulation as a First Step for Treatment of Prenatally Complicated Bronchopulmonary Sequestration: Our Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Zanini Andrea , Macchini Francesco , Boito Simona , Morandi Anna , Ferrara Giuditta , Persico Nicola , Leva Ernesto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction Prenatal ultrasound-guided laser coagulation (USLC) for complicated bronchopulmonary sequestrations has been described but a consensus on the procedure and on the following management is still lacking. We present our experience and provide a literature review.Methods Retrospective review of patients treated in our center. Literature review and combined analysis of perinatal data were performed.Results Five cases were treated at our center, all presenting with severe hydrothorax. Four met the criteria for fetal hydrops. Four cases underwent postnatal computed tomography (CT) scan: in one case, there was no evidence of persistent bronchopulmonary sequestration. The other three underwent thoracoscopic resection, in two, a viable sequestration was found. Including our series, 57 cases have been reported, with no mortality and a success rate of 94.7%. Mean gestational age (GA) at the procedure was 28 ± 3.4 weeks and mean GA at birth and birth weight (BW) were 38.6 ± 2.3 weeks and 3,276 ± 519.8 g, respectively. In 80.6% of the cases investigated postnatally, a residual mass was found, 50% of cases who showed prenatal arterial flow cessation had a persistent sequestration postnatally, and 26.3% of cases underwent postnatal sequestrectomy. Both patients in our series had pathology examination confirming a viable bronchopulmonary sequestration.Conclusion Prenatal USLC seems to be a valid option for bronchopulmonary sequestration complicated by severe hydrothorax and/or fetal hydrops. Authors believe that this procedure should aim to reverse fetal distress and allow pregnancy continuation, and it should not be considered a definitive treatment. The currently available data do not support changes of the common postnatal management.
The Poverty Reduction Effect of Social Protection: The Pros and Cons of a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Pouw Nicky , Bender Katja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a growing body of knowledge on the complex effects of social protection on poverty in Africa. This article explores the pros and cons of a multidisciplinary approach to studying social protection policies. Our research aimed at studying the interaction between cash transfers and social health protection policies in terms of their impact on inclusive growth in Ghana and Kenya. Also, it explored the policy reform context over time to unravel programme dynamics and outcomes. The analysis combined econometric and qualitative impact assessments with national- and local-level political economic analyses. In particular, dynamic effects and improved understanding of processes are well captured by this approach, thus, pushing the understanding of implementation challenges over and beyond a ‘technological fix,’ as has been argued before by Niño-Zarazúa et al. (World Dev 40:163–176, 2012), However, multidisciplinary research puts considerable demands on data and data handling. Finally, some poverty reduction effects play out over a longer time, requiring longitudinal consistent data that is still scarce.
Large-field magnetoresistance of nanometer scale nickel films grown on molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Kidd Timothy E. , Shand Paul M. , Stollenwerk Andrew , Gorgen Colin , Moua Young , Stuelke Lukas , Lukashev Pavel V. 
Published: March 2022

The magnetoresistance of thin nickel films grown on molybdenum disulfide was measured in perpendicular magnetic fields as high as 90 kOe. Films with thicknesses of 20 nm provided continuous surfaces for measurement. The magnetoresistance was found to be linear with respect to the applied magnetic field with no sign of saturation. There was also no evidence of hysteresis or temperature dependence between 100 to 300 K. STM measurement showed the deposited Ni forms a continuous film of extremely small nanoclusters. However, the field dependence of magnetoresistance was found to be significantly larger than bulk Ni, which is in turn larger than Ni with nanoscale grains. We expect the unusual magnetoresistance behavior to arise from some property of the Ni-MoS2 interface.
Ab initio study on the possible magnetic topological semimetallic state in MnMg2O4
Authors: Tomita S. , Yao D.-P. , Tsuchiura H. , Nomura K. 
Published: March 2022

We study the electronic state of an inverse spinel compound MnMg2O4 based on first-principles calculations. The high-spin state is realized in Mn ions on the diamond lattice, resulting in that this material is found to be a half-metallic semimetal with the minority spin-gap about 3eV, and also with line nodes in the Brillouin zone. The intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) is also computed as a function of the chemical potential of the system assuming the rigid band structure, and is found to exhibit a peak structure with a maximum value of 200 S/cm at only 15 meV above the Fermi level. The relation between the large AHC and Berry curvature in the Brillouin zone is also discussed.
GWAS on birth year infant mortality rates provides evidence of recent natural selection
Authors: Wu Yuchang , Furuya Shiro , Wang Zihang , Nobles Jenna E. , Fletcher Jason M. , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceQuantifying natural selection in human populations is a central topic in evolutionary biology and human genetics. Current studies to identify which single-nucleotide polymorphism has undergone selection suffer from limited sample sizes and large uncertainties in the timing of selection. In this study, we advance the field by showing that a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on infant mortality rate can identify recent selection signals. Our study produces well-powered genome-wide maps for selection. It replicates two selection signals that were detected in a previous study using ancient DNA, substantially improves the resolution on the timing of selection, and provides evidence for very recent selection during World War II. It also provides fundamental insights into how to interpret GWAS results.
A conserved mechanism affecting hydride shifting and deprotonation in the synthesis of hopane triterpenes as compositions of wax in oat
Authors: Liang Miaomiao , Zhang Fan , Xu Jiaxin , Wang Xiaoning , Wu Ruibo , Xue Zheyong 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Hopanoids are a group of biologically important triterpene scaffolds found in nature, but the discovery of hopane-type triterpene synthases in plants has not been reported. We discovered two types of triterpene synthases synthesizing hopanoid skeletons from monocot and dicot plants and elucidated a mechanism involving the deprotonation at different sites by site-directed mutagenesis experiments and the quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics calculation. Our results provide a genetic element for synthesizing biologically active hopane-type triterpenoids and serve as a foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms of methyl and hydride transfer in the triterpene cyclization mechanism.
Association of the load‐velocity relationship variables with 2000‐m rowing ergometer performance
Authors: Pérez‐Castilla Alejandro , Quidel‐Catrilelbún Mauricio Elías Leandro , Rodríguez‐Pérez Manuel A. , García‐Ramos Amador 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to compare the maximal mechanical variables derived from the load‐velocity (L‐V) relationship and 2000‐meter rowing ergometer performance between rowers of different age categories, and to identify the L‐V relationship variables more closely related to 2000‐meter rowing ergometer performance. Nineteen competitive rowers (15 males and four females) aged between 15 and 25 years were evaluated during the national 2000‐meter rowing ergometer competition organised by the Chilean Rowing Federation. Thereafter, the L‐V relationship variables (load‐axis intercept [L 0], velocity‐axis intercept [v 0], and area under the L‐V relationship line [A line]) were determined on separate occasions during the squat jump and prone bench pull exercises. Rowers were classified according to their chronological age for comparative purposes (under 16 years [U16] vs. over 16 years [O16]). L 0 and A line were always higher for O16 than for U16 (p ≤ 0.046; ES range = 0.99–1.79), while v 0 was generally comparable for both age categories (p ≥ 0.038; ES range = 0.07–1.03). Furthermore, the O16 revealed a greater performance (i.e. shorter total time) during the 2000‐meter rowing ergometer competition (p = 0.011; ES = −1.31). In general, significant correlations were obtained between rowing performance and the L‐V relationship variables obtained during the squat jump (r or ρ range = −0.294 to −0.922) and prone bench pull (r or ρ range = −0.322 to −0.928). These results support the L‐V relationship as a sensitive procedure to evaluate the maximal mechanical capacities of lower‐ and upper‐body muscles in competitive rowers.Highlights
The load‐velocity relationship variables are sensitive enough to differentiate between rowers of different age categories (U16 vs. O16).
The load‐velocity variables are significantly associated with 2000‐meter rowing ergometer performance (total time).
This novel testing methodology can provide practitioners and coaches with a simpler and more precise alternative to comprehensively assess a rower's maximal neuromuscular profiles.
A probabilistic approach to tomography and adjoint state methods, with an application to full waveform inversion in medical ultrasound
Authors: Bates Oscar , Guasch Lluis , Strong George , Caradoc Robins Thomas , Calderon-Agudo Oscar , Cueto Carlos , Cudeiro Javier , Tang Mengxing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bayesian methods are a popular research direction for inverse problems. There are a variety of techniques available to solve Bayes’ equation, each with their own strengths and limitations. Here, we discuss stochastic variational inference (SVI), which solves Bayes’ equation using gradient-based methods. This is important for applications which are time-limited (e.g. medical tomography) or where solving the forward problem is expensive (e.g. adjoint methods). To evaluate the use of SVI in both these contexts, we apply it to ultrasound tomography of the brain using full-waveform inversion (FWI). FWI is a computationally expensive adjoint method for solving the ultrasound tomography inverse problem, and we demonstrate that SVI can be used to find a no-cost estimate of the pixel-wise variance of the sound-speed distribution using a mean-field Gaussian approximation. In other words, we show experimentally that it is possible to estimate the pixel-wise uncertainty of the sound-speed reconstruction using SVI and a common approximation which is already implicit in other types of iterative reconstruction. Uncertainty estimates have a variety of uses in adjoint methods and tomography. As an illustrative example, we focus on the use of uncertainty for image quality assessment. This application is not limiting; our variance estimator has effectively no computational cost and we expect that it will have applications in fields such as non-destructive testing or aircraft component design where uncertainties may not be routinely estimated.
Atomic insights into the influence of Bi doping on the optical properties of two-dimensional van der Waals layered InSe
Authors: Sui Fengrui , Jin Min , Zhang Yuanyuan , Hong Jin , Cheng Yan , Qi Ruijuan , Yue Fangyu , Huang Rong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As a narrow-gap semiconductor, III–VI two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals layered indium selenide (InSe) has attracted a lot of attention due to excellent physical properties. For potential optoelectronic applications, the tunability of the optical property is challenging, e.g., the modulation of optical bandgap commonly by element doping. However, the deep understanding of the influence of element doping on the microstructure and the optical properties lacks of systematic investigation. In this work, by using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, we investigate the influence of Bi doping on controlling of the microstructure and optical properties of InSe single crystal in detail. The results show that Bi doping can introduce additional stacking faults in InSe single crystal, and more importantly, the atomic spacing and lattice constant of Bi-doped InSe are changed a lot as compared to that of the undoped one. Further optical characterizations including photoluminescence and transmission spectra reveal that Bi-doping can broaden the transmission wavelength range of InSe and make its optical bandgap blue-shift, which can also be physically interpreted from the doping-induced structure change. Our work expands new ideas for the optical property modulation of 2D thin-layer materials and brings new possibilities for the development of thin-layer InSe optical devices.
Structurally modified V2O5 based extrinsic pseudocapacitor
Authors: Raha Himadri , Pradhan Debabrata , Guha Prasanta Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rapidly changing demand on energy storage systems makes it essential to redesign the device architecture and materials required to fabricate the devices. It is crucial to introduce capacitive behaviour in a conventional energy storage device (batteries) to improve the lifetime and power efficiency of the hole energy storage system. The charge storing nature of electrode material primarily depends on particle size, grain size, the electrode’s chemical structure, and effective diffusion lengths for electrolytes within the electrode. Here V2O5 based Li-ion battery electrode is transformed into a Li-ion pseudocapacitive electrode by structural modifications. The modified structures are achieved by optimizing reaction pressure to obtain larger, medium and smaller V2O5 particles (namely, V2O5-L, V2O5-M and V2O5-S). As a result, the plateau regions in galvanostatic charge–discharge plots and highly intense redox peaks in the CV plots of V2O5-L get flattened for V2O5-S. Also, the lucrative improvement in rate capabilities and stability for V2O5-S indicates induced pseudocapacitance in V2O5. Some devices are fabricated with the extrinsic pseudocapacitive material (V2O5-S), providing 4.36 mWh cm−3 volumetric energy density with 125 mW cm−3 volumetric power density. The device retains around 95% of its initial capacitance after 10k cycles and holds up to 63% after 25k stability cycles.
Unified theory of tearing mode growth from linear to Rutherford regime in the presence of local equilibrium current gradients
Authors: Huang Wenlong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using the two-field reduced magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) model, a new theory of tearing mode transition from linear to Rutherford regime in the presence of local equilibrium current gradient (LCG) effects is proposed. By containing the LCG term in the vorticity equation, I reproduce the modified Rutherford equation with saturation terms via a quasi-linear approach. Therefore, the LCG term in the vorticity equation is responsible for the saturation mechanism of the classical tearing mode. The unified formula of the tearing mode evolution from linear exponential growth to quasi-linear saturation is obtained if one contains the LCG and inertial terms in the vorticity equation simultaneously. Since LCG is essential for the linear growth rate of tearing mode in the marginal stable regime, the new theory is also valid when the mode close to marginality.
The effects of an LPCVD SiN
x
stack on the threshold voltage and its stability in AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs
Authors: Yin Xue-Bing , Li Cheng-Guo , Zeng Qiao-Yu , Ge Xiao-Ming , Chen Zhi-Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, we systematically studied the stoichiometry and thickness effects of low-pressure chemical vapor deposited SiN
x
bilayer stacks on the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction-based metal–insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors. A Si-rich SiN
x
single layer reduces threshold voltage shift and hysteresis under gate stress but gives rise to high gate leakage. A near-stoichiometric SiN
x
single layer suppresses gate leakage but causes poor gate stability. A bilayer SiN
x
stack with an optimized thickness ratio improves both the gate stability and on-resistance while maintaining a low current leakage. The bilayer SiN
x
stack consisting of a 5 nm Si-rich SiN
x
interfacial layer and a 15 nm SiN
x
capping layer resulted in the lowest sheet resistance and the highest gate stability. Such enhanced gate stability is explained by the low density of trap states and the weakened electric field at the Si-rich SiN
x
/GaN interface and an extra positive charge at the bilayer interface.
Spin-wave modes of elliptical skyrmions in magnetic nanodots
Authors: Jin Chendong , Li Shuang , Zhang Hu , Wang Ruining , Wang Jianglong , Lian Ruqian , Gong Penglai , Shi Xingqiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions, whose shapes are ellipse due to the presence of anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), have already been discovered in experiments recently. By using micromagnetic simulations, we discuss the ground state and the spin-wave modes of a single elliptical skyrmion in a confined nanodot. It is found that the shapes of skyrmion are stretched into a horizontal ellipse, vertical ellipse, or stripe shape under different strengths of anisotropic DMI. When elliptical skyrmions are excited by in-plane ac magnetic fields, the spin-wave mode contains a counterclockwise rotation mode at high frequencies and a clockwise (CW) rotation mode at low frequencies, and the CW mode depends on the strength of anisotropic DMI. When elliptical skyrmions are excited by out-of-plane ac magnetic fields, the spin-wave mode is split from a simple breathing mode into two complex breathing modes, including a mixed mode of CW rotation and breathing, and another anisotropic breathing mode. Our results provide an understanding of the rich spin-wave modes for skyrmions, which may contribute to the applications in magnonics.
High throughput composite sensor based on sub-wavelength dielectric grating/MDM waveguide/periodic photonic crystal
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhou Jian , Ding Zhixin , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and coupled mode theory (CMT), the formation mechanism of double Fano resonances is studied in a hybrid sensing structure composed of subwavelength dielectric grating/metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide/periodic photonic crystal. Studies show that the dynamically adjustable double discrete states generated in the subwavelength dielectric grating and MDM waveguide are coupled with the continuous state formed in the periodic photonic crystal respectively to achieve double Fano resonances. And the double Fano resonances can be dynamically modulated under the angular modulation by the structure parameters. Surprisingly, the figure of merit (FOM) value of

4.00
×

10

4

is also achieved, which demonstrates the proposed structure has potential applications in sensing. In addition, the low and high refractive index sensing regions are set up. Simultaneous detection of refractive index ranges 1.00–1.29 and 3.79–4.14 is achieved. Thus, the proposed structure provides an effective reference for studying the dynamic modulation of double Fano resonances and high throughput sensors.
Can varying the gravitational constant alleviate the tensions?
Authors: Sakr Z. , Sapone D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Constraints on the cosmological concordance model parameters
from observables at different redshifts are usually obtained using
the locally measured value of the gravitational constant GN
. Here
we relax this assumption, by considering G as a free parameter,
either constant over the redshift range or dynamical but limited to
differ from fiducial value only above a certain redshift. Using CMB
data and distance measurements from galaxy clustering BAO feature,
we constrain the cosmological parameters, along with G, through a
MCMC bayesian inference method. Furthermore, we investigate whether
the tensions on the matter fluctuation σ8
and Hubble H0

parameter could be alleviated by this new variable. We used
different parameterisations spanning from a constant G to a
dynamical G. In all the cases investigated in this work we found
no mechanism that alleviates the tensions when both CMB and BAO data
are used with ξg = G / GN
constrained to
1.0±0.04 (resp. ±0.01) in the constant (resp. dynamical)
case. Finally, we studied the cosmological consequences of allowing
a running of the spectral index, since the later is sensitive to a
change in G. For the two parameterisations adopted, we found no
significant changes to the previous conclusions.
Small scale effects in the observable power spectrum at large angular scales
Authors: Matthewson William L. , Durrer Ruth 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper we show how effects from small scales can
enter the angular-redshift power spectrum Cℓ
(z,z'). In
particular, we show that spectroscopic surveys with high redshift
resolution are already affected on large angular scales, i.e. at
low multipoles, by features from small scales. When considering
the angular power spectrum with spectroscopic redshift resolution,
it is therefore important to account for non-linearities relevant
on small scales, even at low multipoles. This may also motivate
the use of the correlation function in relatively wide redshift
bins, which is not affected by non-linearities on large scales,
instead of the angular power spectrum. The extent to which
small-scale effects become visible on large scales, which is more
relevant for bin auto-correlations than for cross-correlations, is
quantified in detail.