bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors, types, and neuroimaging findings in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Khan Sabeen Abid , Talat Sidra , Malik Munir Iqbal 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Cerebral palsy is a major cause of neurodisability in children in Pakistan. The study aims to evaluate the risk factors, types and neuroimaging findings in children with cerebral palsy.
Methods: All children diagnosed with cerebral palsy, between 1-16 years presenting to Shifa community health center were enrolled from January 2020 to July 2021. Informed consent was taken from parents.
Results: A total of 89 patients were included, 62 (69.7%) male and 27 (30.3%) females. Mean age was 4.4 ± 2.8 years. Majority of babies were born at term 74 (84%) and 15 were preterm (16%). Most of the patients were born in hospital 55 (62%), 13 (14%) were born at home. Mean birth weight was 2.3 ± 0.3. Consanguinity was present in 56 (62.9%). Birth asphyxia 38 (42.7%) was the most common cause of cerebral palsy. Maternal antenatal risk factors identified were anemia 13 (14.6%), PIH (9%) infections (6%) were significant risk factors (<0.05). Neuroimaging was done in 37 (38.7%) of the patients only.
Conclusion: Male gender is more affected in our cohort. Maternal anemia, pregnancy induced hypertension and low birth weight are significant modifiable risk factors. Prevention of these can reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6175
How to cite this:Khan SA, Talat S, Malik MI. Risk factors, types, and neuroimaging findings in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6175
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of scar pregnancy
Authors: Huang Zhulan , Liu Jinghua , Jing Zongyu , Lin Limei , Li Xiaoyun 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of scar pregnancy.
Methods: The records of 54 patients with scar pregnancy, who underwent three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), from June 2015 to November 2021 were reviewed. Surgery / histopathology of operative findings were analyzed as gold standard to compare the diagnosis of the two examination methods.
Results: The detection rate of scar pregnancy by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound was 94.44%, which was not significantly different from MRI (96.30%, P>0.05). The accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography in the diagnosis of scar pregnancy were 94.44%, 66.67% and 96.08%, respectively, and were not significantly different from MRI, 96.30%, 50.00% and 98.08% (P>0.05). The detection rates of yolk sac, embryo and heart tube pulsation by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound were higher than those detected by MRI (P<0.05). The detection rates of intrathecal hemorrhage, scar infiltration and uterine hematocele by MRI were significantly higher compared to three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two methods (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Both three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound and MRI have good diagnostic efficacy in the diagnosis of scar pregnancy. Detection rates of scar pregnancy diagnostic criteria differ between the two methods, and if necessary, the two methods can be used together, to further improve the diagnostic accuracy of scar pregnancy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6288
How to cite this:Huang Z, Liu J, Jing Z, Lin L, Li X. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of scar pregnancy. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.6288
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Trust and Trustworthiness in Procurement Contracts with Retainage
Authors: Walker Matthew J. , Katok Elena , Shachat Jason 
Published: August 2022

In complex procurement projects, it is difficult to write enforceable contracts that condition price upon quality. Supplier nonperformance becomes an acute risk, particularly when there is intense competition for the contract. An established incentive mechanism used to mitigate the problem of supplier nonperformance is retainage, in which the buyer sets aside a portion of the purchase price. After project completion, the buyer determines the amount of retainage that is released to the seller, considering any defects that arise. Although generally a feasible contract form to implement, the practical difficulties in assessing completion introduce a moral hazard for the buyer. We develop a structurally new game and experimental design to offer managerial insights on how retainage principles mediate trust and trustworthiness in competitive procurement settings with moral hazard. The experimental results suggest that if trust in the procurement relationship is strong enough, then retainage can mitigate the seller-side moral hazard problem and substitute for reputation in a fragmented supply chain at the cost of inflated tender prices. In high retainage structures, there is a tradeoff between trade efficiency and supplier participation in request for bids. We further develop a model of fair payment norms and offer managerial insights on how to design the retainage mechanism, conditional on prevailing levels of trust and beliefs about fairness. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council [Grant ES/R500963/1]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4516 .
Prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive error among children and adolescents in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atlaw Daniel , Shiferaw Zerihun , Sahiledengele Biniyam , Degno Sisay , Mamo Ayele , Zenbaba Demisu , Gezahegn Habtamu , Desta Fikreab , Negash Wogene , Assefa Tesfaye , Abdela Mujib , Hasano Abbul , Walle Gashaw , Kene Chala , Gomora Degefa , Chattu Vijay Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Globally, the prevalence of refractive error was 12%, and visual impairment due to refractive error was 2.1%. In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of refractive error and visual impairment due to refractive error was 12.6% and 3.4%, respectively. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive error varies from 2.5% in the Gurage zone to 12.3% in Hawassa city. Hence, this Meta-analysis aimed to summarize the pooled prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive error in Ethiopia.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature was conducted by the authors to identify all relevant primary studies. All articles on the prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive error in Ethiopia were identified through a literature search. The databases used to search for studies were PubMed, Science Direct, POPLINE, HENARI, Google Scholar, and grey literature was searched on Google until December 15, 2021. In this meta-analysis, the presence of publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Begg’s tests at a significance level of less than 0.05. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to check for a single study’s effect on the overall prevalence of refractive error.

Result
About 1664 studies were retrieved from initial electronic searches using international databases and google searches. A total number of 20,088 children and adolescents were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive error in Ethiopia using the random effects model was estimated to be 6% (95% CI, 5–7) with a significant level of heterogeneity (I2 = 94.4%; p < 0.001). The pooled prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive was analyzed by subtypes, and pooled prevalence was estimated to be 4%, 5.2%, and 1% for myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, respectively.

Conclusion
The pooled prevalence of visual impairment due to refractive error was high in Ethiopia. About one in twenty-five Ethiopian children and adolescents are affected by visual impairment due to myopia.
Uptake of premarital HIV testing and associated factors among women who had autonomous versus non autonomous marriage in Ethiopia: A nationwide study
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Seid Seada , Yimer Ali , Seid Abdu , Ahmed Ousman 
Published: August 2022

Background
Premarital HIV testing offers an opportunity where prospective couples can know their HIV status before marriage to prevent both heterosexual and vertical transmission of HIV. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether there is any significant difference in the prevalence of premarital HIV testing among women who had autonomous versus non-autonomous marriage, and to investigate the factors associated with premarital HIV testing among women who had autonomous versus non-autonomous marriage in Ethiopia.

Methods
Data were extracted from 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey dataset and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and weighted percentage of the variables, and second-order Rao-Scott statistic were computed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors between the two groups. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was considered to state statistically significant associations.

Result
From 9602 included sample, 4,043 (42.1%) of the women had autonomous marriage, and 5,559(57.9%) of the women had non-autonomous marriage. The prevalence of premarital HIV testing in Ethiopia among women who had autonomous marriage was 30.5% (95% CI: 27.7–33.4%) compared to 20.6% (95% CI: 18.5–22.8) among women who had a non-autonomous marriage. No differences in associated factors were found between women who had autonomous versus non autonomous marriage to uptake HIV testing. In both groups, residence in rural area, education attainment (primary, secondary, higher), media access, being rich and richest, knowing the places for HIV testing, chewing chat, and drinking alcohol were significantly predicts premarital HIV testing.

Conclusion
The study indicated that 10% more women in autonomous marriage tested for HIV relative to non-autonomous women whilst being an urban resident, educated, having access to media, household wealth and knowledge of testing facilities significantly predict HIV testing among women in Ethiopia. The paper recommends the Ethiopian government shall expand access to education among women while improving their access to media to enhance their socioeconomic wellbeing and health. Furthermore, it is better to inspire women to undergo autonomous marriage by fostering education in the community to enhance premarital HIV testing.
The impact of comorbid severe mental illness and common chronic physical health conditions on hospitalisation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Launders Naomi , Dotsikas Kate , Marston Louise , Price Gabriele , Osborn David P. J. , Hayes Joseph F. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) are at higher risk of physical health conditions compared to the general population, however, the impact of specific underlying health conditions on the use of secondary care by people with SMI is unknown. We investigated hospital use in people managed in the community with SMI and five common physical long-term conditions: cardiovascular diseases, COPD, cancers, diabetes and liver disease.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (Prospero: CRD42020176251) using terms for SMI, physical health conditions and hospitalisation. We included observational studies in adults under the age of 75 with a diagnosis of SMI who were managed in the community and had one of the physical conditions of interest. The primary outcomes were hospital use for all causes, physical health causes and related to the physical condition under study. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, stratified by physical condition.ResultsWe identified 5,129 studies, of which 50 were included: focusing on diabetes (n = 21), cardiovascular disease (n = 19), COPD (n = 4), cancer (n = 3), liver disease (n = 1), and multiple physical health conditions (n = 2). The pooled odds ratio (pOR) of any hospital use in patients with diabetes and SMI was 1.28 (95%CI:1.15–1.44) compared to patients with diabetes alone and pooled hazard ratio was 1.19 (95%CI:1.08–1.31). The risk of 30-day readmissions was raised in patients with SMI and diabetes (pOR: 1.18, 95%CI:1.08–1.29), SMI and cardiovascular disease (pOR: 1.27, 95%CI:1.06–1.53) and SMI and COPD (pOR:1.18, 95%CI: 1.14–1.22) compared to patients with those conditions but no SMI.ConclusionPeople with SMI and five physical conditions are at higher risk of hospitalisation compared to people with that physical condition alone. Further research is warranted into the combined effects of SMI and physical conditions on longer-term hospital use to better target interventions aimed at reducing inappropriate hospital use and improving disease management and outcomes.
Satisfaction With Telehealth Among Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome During COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Survey Findings
Authors: Yu Christine , Tovar Stephanie , Shi Jiaxiao , Padilla Ariadna , Pounds Dana , van Deen Welmoed K. , Almario Christopher V. , Wu Bechien U. 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Coronavirus disease 2019 rapidly shifted health care toward telehealth. We assessed satisfaction with and preferences for telehealth among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an integrated healthcare system in Southern California with members aged 18–90 years with an International Classification of Diseases 9 and 10 codes for IBS from office-based encounters between June 1, 2018, and June 1, 2020. Eligible patients were emailed a survey assessing telehealth satisfaction overall and by patient-related factors, IBS characteristics, health and technologic literacy, utilization, and coronavirus disease 2019 perceptions. We identified perceived telehealth benefits and challenges. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of telehealth dissatisfaction.

RESULTS:
Of 44,789 surveys sent, 5,832 (13.0%) patients responded and 1,632 (3.6%) had Rome IV IBS. Among 1,314 (22.5%) patients with IBS and prior telehealth use (mean age 52.6 years [17.4]; 84.9% female; and 59.4% non-Hispanic White, 29.0% Hispanic, and 5.6% non-Hispanic Black), 898 (68.3%) were satisfied, 130 (9.9%) were dissatisfied, and 286 (21.8%) felt neutral. In addition, 78.6% would use telehealth again. Independent predictors of telehealth dissatisfaction include social media use of once a week or less (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 1.3–3.5), duration of IBS for <1 year (adjusted OR = 8.2; 1.9–35.8), and willingness to travel 60 plus minutes for face-to-face visits (adjusted OR = 2.6; 1.4–3.7). Patients' main concern with telehealth was a lack of physical examination.

DISCUSSION:
Most of the patients with IBS are satisfied with telehealth. Shorter duration of IBS diagnosis, comfort with technology, and increased willingness to travel were associated with telehealth dissatisfaction. These predictors may help identify a target population for a focused IBS-telehealth program.
Detecting Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer Using Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath: A Proof-of-Principle Study to Improve Screening
Authors: Cheng Hao Ran , van Vorstenbosch Robert W.R. , Pachen Daniëlle M. , Meulen Lonne W.T. , Straathof Jan Willem A. , Dallinga Jan W. , Jonkers Daisy M.A.E. , Masclee Ad A.M. , Schooten Frederik-Jan van , Mujagic Zlatan , Smolinska Agnieszka 
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) by screening programs is crucial because survival rates worsen at advanced stages. However, the currently used screening method, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), suffers from a high number of false-positives and is insensitive for detecting advanced adenomas (AAs), resulting in false-negatives for these premalignant lesions. Therefore, more accurate, noninvasive screening tools are needed. In this study, the utility of analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath in a FIT-positive population to detect the presence of colorectal neoplasia was studied.

METHODS:
In this multicenter prospective study, breath samples were collected from 382 FIT-positive patients with subsequent colonoscopy participating in the national Dutch bowel screening program (n = 84 negative controls, n = 130 non-AAs, n = 138 AAs, and n = 30 CRCs). Precolonoscopy exhaled VOCs were analyzed using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the data were preprocessed and analyzed using machine learning techniques.

RESULTS:
Using 10 discriminatory VOCs, AAs could be distinguished from negative controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 70%, respectively. Based on this biomarker profile, CRC and AA combined could be discriminated from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 70%, respectively, and CRC alone could be discriminated from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 70%, respectively. Moreover, the feasibility to discriminate non-AAs from controls and AAs was shown.

DISCUSSION:
VOCs in exhaled breath can detect the presence of AAs and CRC in a CRC screening population and may improve CRC screening in the future.
Isolation of Cellulose from Leucaena leucocephala Mature Pods and How Different Bleaching Agents Affect Its Characterization
Authors: Aridi Aida Safina , Yusof Yus Aniza , Nyuk Ling Chin , Ishak Nur Akmal , Mohammad Yusof Nor Nadiah 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer was used to investigate the effect of using different bleaching agents during the bleaching process on the functional group of cellulose obtained from Leucaena leucocephala pods. The spectra showed that fiber treated with 5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaCIO) showed a similar functional group with the commercial cellulose. Moreover, the chemical composition analysis and whiteness index showed that fiber treated with NaCIO produced 89.37 % cellulose. The whiteness index was 78.5 %, which was the highest. Therefore, these results are expected to provide insight into the potential of utilizing L. leucocephala pods as the alternative raw material for the isolation of cellulose, as the pods of these plants are underutilized.
CDK9 and PP2A regulate RNA polymerase II transcription termination and coupled RNA maturation
Authors: Tellier Michael , Zaborowska Justyna , Neve Jonathan , Nojima Takayuki , Hester Svenja , Fournier Marjorie , Furger Andre , Murphy Shona 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCDK9 is a kinase critical for the productive transcription of protein‐coding genes by RNA polymerase II (pol II). As part of P‐TEFb, CDK9 phosphorylates the carboxyl‐terminal domain (CTD) of pol II and elongation factors, which allows pol II to elongate past the early elongation checkpoint (EEC) encountered soon after initiation. We show that, in addition to halting pol II at the EEC, loss of CDK9 activity causes premature termination of transcription across the last exon, loss of polyadenylation factors from chromatin, and loss of polyadenylation of nascent transcripts. Inhibition of the phosphatase PP2A abrogates the premature termination and loss of polyadenylation caused by CDK9 inhibition, indicating that this kinase/phosphatase pair regulates transcription elongation and RNA processing at the end of protein‐coding genes. We also confirm the splicing factor SF3B1 as a target of CDK9 and show that SF3B1 in complex with polyadenylation factors is lost from chromatin after CDK9 inhibition. These results emphasize the important roles that CDK9 plays in coupling transcription elongation and termination to RNA maturation downstream of the EEC.
Changing attitudes to psychedelic drug assisted therapy: The induction of empathy to enhance community support for innovative interventions in mental health
Authors: Botansky Corey , Innes John M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Empirical research supports the use of psychoactive drugs to augment psychotherapy for the treatment of mental illness. The use of such drugs, however, is still resisted by many in the medical community and this transfers to resistance in the wider community. The stigma of controversy surrounding the drugs, further enhanced by the stigma of mental illness, hinders community acceptance. We report an experiment to change community attitudes to endorse the benefits of such practice. Participants were given information about a client with post-traumatic stress disorder, with accompanying stigma of mental illness, or a physical condition (Parkinson's disease) with comorbid psychological symptoms, but without stigma. They received information about the diagnosis and the value of psychoactive drugs in the enhancement of therapy or this information with a manipulation to induce empathy. Analysis revealed higher empathy for the PTSD than for the Parkinson's patient. The elevation of empathy was further enhanced by the empathy manipulation. While there was higher agreement that PTSD clients were responsible for their own condition, there was a greater willingness to help, and this was further increased by empathy. Such conditions should be considered to encourage the general community to accept enhanced therapy for patients that can enhance endorsement by medical practitioners.
Profil Literasi Sains Digital Mahasiswa di Era Pandemi
Authors: Ferdiana Suci , Aina Qorry 
Published: August 2022

Mahasiswa generasi Z perlu memiliki keterampilan yang memadai dalam rangka menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 di era pandemi. Salah satu keterampilan tersebut adalah literasi sains digital mahasiswa yang belum terukur dengan baik. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan secara kritis tingkat literasi sains digital mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Surabaya. Jenis penelitian adalah survei dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 125 mahasiswa yang dipilih secara random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner adaptasi versi inggris yang dikembangkan oleh Ng (2012) yang meliputi 4 dimensi yaitu attitude, technical, cognitive, and social-emotional. Validasi instrumen menggunakan corellation product moment diperoleh nilai sebesar 0.51 > 0.05 serta reliabilitas instrument menggunakan Alpha Cronbach diperoleh nilai 0.93 > 0.50 yang menunjukkan bahwa instrument valid dan reliabel. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui persentase tiap dimensi. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa literasi sains digital mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Surabaya berada pada kategori kurang.