bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effect of Akexotide against ocular bacterial infection in rats
Authors: Gong Yan , Li Meng , Xin ChanLi , Gao Jian , Yi Quanyong , Yuan Jianshu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Infectious keratitis, a medical emergency with acute and rapid disease progression may lead to severe visual impairment and even blindness. Herein, an antimicrobial polypeptide from Crassostrea gigas, which the lab named Akexotide (Is or Os), was evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy against keratitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as well as Escherichia coli infection in rats, respectively. Methods: Infectious keratitis models were constructed by scratching the ocular surface of rats infected with S. aureus and E.coli, respectively. The two models were treated by giving 100μL 100μM Is drops, respectively. Positive drugs for S. aureus and E. coli infection were cefazolin eye drops and tobramycin eye drops, respectively. For the curative effect, the formation of blood vessels in the fundus was observed by a slit lamp. At the end day, the condition of the injured eye was photographed by cobalt blue light using 5μL of 1% sodium fluorescein. The pathological damage of corneal tissues was done using HE staining, and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Akexotide Is alleviated the symptoms of corneal neovascularization as observed by slit lamp and cobalt blue lamp. The activity of S. aureus and E.coli is inhibited by Is to protect corneal epithelial cells and reduce corneal stromal bacterial invasion. It also prevented corneal thickening, as well as inhibited neovascularization by reducing VEGF expression at the cornea. Conclusion: Akexotide Is can effectively inhibit keratitis caused by E.coli as well as S. aureus in rats, as reflected by the inhibition of corneal neovascularization and the reduction of bacterial damage to the cornea.
Effects of β-Blocker Therapy on Exercise Oscillatory Ventilation in Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure Patients: A Case Series Study
Authors: Belli-Marin Juliana Fernanda Calhado , Bocchi Edimar Alcides , Ayub-Ferreira Silvia , Junior Nelson Carvas , Guimaraes Guilherme 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
PURPOSE: Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is an abnormal breathing pattern that occurs in ~20% of patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with poor prognosis and exercise intolerance. β-blockers (βb) are prescribed for most HF patients; however, their effect on EOV remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of βb on EOV in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS: Fifteen patients diagnosed with HF, ejection fraction < 45%, aged from 18 to 65 years, were included before starting βb therapy. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography, laboratory exams (norepinephrine levels, B type natriuretic peptide) at baseline and after βb therapy optimized for six months. Presence of exercise oscillatory breathing was determined by two experienced observers who were blinded to the moment of the test (pre or post). RESULTS: Fifteen patients (1 female), aged 49.5±2.5 years, with HFrEF, NYHA I-III enrolled in the study. The etiologies of the HFrEF were idiopathic (n=8) and hypertensive (n=7). LVEF increased after βb therapy from 25.9±2.5% to 33±2.6%, P =0.02; peak VO 2 did not significantly change (21.8±1.7 vs 24.7±1.9, P =0.4); VE/VCO 2 slope changed from 32.1±10.6 to 27.5±9.1, P =0.03. Before βb initiation, nine patients (60%) had EOV, but only two (13%) did after optimized therapy. McNemar test was used to evaluate the significance of the association between the two moments ( P =0.02). CONCLUSION In patients with HF, medical therapy with βb can reverse EOV. This may explain why these patients experience symptom improvement after βb therapy.
Learning the dynamics of metamaterials from diffracted waves with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhai Yuxin , Kwon Hyung-Suk , Choi Yungseok , Kovacevich Dylan , Popa Bogdan-Ioan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Conventional methods used to identify the dynamical properties of unknown media from scattered mechanical waves rely on analytical or numerical manipulations of the wave equation. These methods show their limitations in scenarios where the analyzed medium is moderately sized and the diffraction from the material edges influences the scattered fields significantly (e.g., non-destructive diagnostics, metamaterial characterization). This work shows that convolutional neural networks can interpret the diffracted fields and learn the mapping between the scattered fields and all the effective material parameters including mass density and stiffness tensors from a small set of numerical simulations. Furthermore, networks trained with synthetic data can process physical measurements and is very robust to measurement errors. More importantly, the trained network provides insight into the dynamic behavior of matter including quantitative measures of the scattered field sensitivity to each material property and how the sensitivity changes depending on the material under test.
The impact of food insecurity on health outcomes: Empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Beyene Sisay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Globally, food insecurity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality through other diseases, which means food security and nutrition are crucial to improving people's health outcomes. Both food insecurity and the health outcomes are the policy and agenda of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there is a lack of macro-level empirical studies concerning the relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, even though the region is highly affected by food insecurity and its related health problems. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of food insecurity on life expectancy and infant mortality in SSA countries.Methods: The study uses secondary panel data collected from international institutions. It also mainly employs Driscoll-Kraay standard errors (DKSE), a generalised method of momentum (GMM), fixed effects (FE) and Granger causality approaches, along with others estimation techniques for robustness checks. Results: The DKSE result of model 1A confirms that a one percent increment in people’s prevalence for undernourishment reduces their life expectancy by 0.0034 percentage points. However, a one percentage increment in average dietary energy supply increases SSA countries' life expectancy by 0.0031 percentage points in model 1B. The FE results show that a one percent increment in the prevalence of undernourishment leads to an enhancement of infant mortality by 0.0119 percentage points in model 1C. However, the GMM result for model 1D confirms that a one percent increment in average dietary energy supply reduces infant mortality by 0.0004 percentage points.Conclusions: Food insecurity harms the health status of SSA countries, but food security impacts in the reverse direction. In other words, prevalence of undernourishment adversely affects life expectancy and it increases infant mortality. Moreover, an improvement in average dietary energy supply can improve life expectancy and reduces infant mortality. The study recommends efficient utilisation of resources; improvements in investment in agricultural research, markets, infrastructures, macroeconomic policies and institutions; and developing sub-region strategies based on their agro-ecological zone, all of which are essential to overcome food insecurity and improve health outcomes.
Nonlinear characteristic analysis of gear rattle based on refined dynamic model
Authors: Guo Dong , Ning Qinfeng , Ge Shuaishuai , Wang Yawen , Zhou Yi , Zhou Yi , Shi Xiaohui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to explore the vibration response and the nonlinear behavior of gear rattle, a nonlinear dynamic model is developed in this paper considering the nonlinear oil film force, timevarying meshing stiffness, dragging torque and friction and gear backlash with time-varying characteristics. The time-varying meshing stiffness is calculated using the potential energy method. Considering the convolution and extrusion of the lubricant between the teeth, it is modeled as a nonlinear spring-damped element and a nonlinear oil film force is introduced. The drag torque is calculated numerically using fluid dynamics theory, friction principle, momentum conservation principle and Bernoulli's principle. The model is verified by comparing the bench test results with the simulation results, and the parametric study is performed to investigate the nonlinear system characteristics by means of Fast Fourier Transform, Poincare map and bifurcation diagram. The results show that as the excitation frequency increases, the system enters chaotic state under multiple frequency jumps. Excessive torque fluctuation may lead to severe rattling phenomenon of the gear pair, and making the system enter a chaotic state; As the lubricant viscosity increases, the system shows periodic, bifurcation and chaotic behavior alternately, and when the viscosity is large enough, the high frequency shock intensity decays more rapidly due to large drag torque, which is beneficial to reduce the percussion strength and prevent the system into chaos.
Long-term multi-modal recording reveals unpredictable nongenetic adaptation routes in dormant breast cancer cells.
Authors: Magnani Luca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Patients diagnosed with hormone dependent breast cancer (HDBC) receive five or more years of adjuvant endocrine therapies (ET). Adjuvant treatment delays relapse1,2 by targeting hidden micro-metastatic deposits, yet up to 50% of treated patients experience recurrent disease, often many years after surgery1. The mechanisms driving these subtype-specific clinical dynamics are largely unknown but likely involve dormancy2. We developed two approaches to study the long-term fate of dormant cells in unprecedented details. Firstly, we took advantage of a rare cohort of patients treated upfront with first line ETs until progression to dissect the contribution of genomic events to tumour awakening. Next, we developed a first of its kind in vitro evolutionary study to systematically record adaptive strategies of individual clonal lineages in parallel unperturbed systems during a period of several months. Collectively our data suggest that ETs induce an inherently unstable persister dormant state in a stochastically selected fraction of lineages. Over time, single cells spontaneously escape dormancy and divergently adapt via heritable transcriptional reprogramming, often developing distinct collateral resistance. Overall, this study uncovers previously unsuspected roles for non-genetic plasticity during dormancy with profound clinical implications for breast cancer.
Patient characteristics and procedural variables are associated with length of stay and hospital cost among unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Guoqing , Yu Fei , Liu Su , Weng Jian , Qi Tiantian , Qin Haotian , Chen Yixiao , Wang Fangxi , Xiong Ao , Wang Deli , Gao Liang , Zeng Hui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful treatment for many hip diseases. Length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs are crucial parameters to quantify the medical efficacy and quality of unilateral primary THA patients. Several factors that can affect LOS and hospital costs haven’t been investigated thoroughly.
Methods
The present study retrospectively explored the contributors of LOS and hospital costs among unilateral primary THA patients (266 females and 186 males; 57.05 ± 15.99 years) treated from January 2019 to January 2020 in our department. Outcomes include LOS and hospital costs while-1 variables include patient characteristics and procedural variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between outcomes and variables by controlling confounding factors.
Results
Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that patient comorbidities, more transfusion, and longer duration may prolong LOS (p < 0.05). Older age, higher body mass index, and fewer drainage may decrease the hospital costs while American Society of Anesthesiologists classification II, longer duration, more blood loss, more transfusion, and catheter may increase the hospital costs (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Evaluation and identification of those risk factors are beneficial in patients' education and anticipation, perioperative management, or even surgical decisions.
Bone marrow-derived dedifferentiated fat cells exhibit similar phenotype as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with high osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration ability
Authors: Sawada Hirokatsu , Kazama Tomohiko , Nagaoka Yuki , Arai Yoshinori , Kano Koichiro , Uei Hiroshi , Tokuhashi Yasuaki , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi , Matsumoto Taro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to have different differentiation potential depending on the tissue of origin. Dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) are MSC-like multipotent cells that can be prepared from mature adipocytes by ceiling culture method. It is still unknown whether DFATs derived from adipocytes in different tissue showed different phenotype and functional properties. In the present study, we prepared bone marrow (BM)-derived DFATs (BM-DFATs), BM-MSCs, subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue-derived DFATs (SC-DFATs) and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) from donor-matched tissue samples. Then, we compared their phenotypes and multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. We also evaluated in vivo bone regeneration ability of these cells using a mouse femoral fracture model.
Methods
BM-DFATs, SC-DFATs, BM-MSCs, and ASCs were prepared from tissue samples of knee osteoarthritis patients who received total knee arthroplasty. Cell surface antigens, gene expression profile, and in vitro differentiation capacity of these cells were determined. In vivo bone regenerative ability of these cells was evaluated by micro-computed tomography imaging at 28 days after local injection of the cells with peptide hydrogel (PHG) in the femoral fracture model in severe combined immunodeficiency mice.
Results
BM-DFATs were successfully generated at similar efficiency as SC-DFATs. Cell surface antigen and gene expression profiles of BM-DFATs were similar to those of BM-MSCs, whereas these profiles of SC-DFATs were similar to those of ASCs. In vitro differentiation analysis revealed that BM-DFATs and BM-MSCs had higher differentiation tendency toward osteoblasts and lower differentiation tendency toward adipocytes compared to SC-DFATs and ASCs. Transplantation of BM-DFATs and BM-MSCs with PHG enhanced bone mineral density at the injection sites compared to PHG alone in the mouse femoral fracture model.
Conclusions
We showed that phenotypic characteristics of BM-DFATs were similar to those of BM-MSCs. BM-DFATs exhibited higher osteogenic differentiation potential and bone regenerative ability compared to SC-DFATs and ASCs. These results suggest that BM-DFATs may be suitable sources of cell-based therapies for patients with non-union bone fracture.
Low-complexity Deep Unfolded Neural Network Receiver for MIMO Systems Based on the Probability Data Association Detector
Authors: Souza Pedro Henrique Carneiro , Mendes Luciano Leonel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The interest on applications where machine learning algorithms and communications are combined has been on a rising in recent years. Machine learning and neural networks are being advocated as a way of improving the performance of several functions across all layers of future communication systems. Furthermore, in applications where complexity reduction is essential for the system feasibility at the cost of an affordable performance loss, more efficient systems might be achieved with the aid of machine learning algorithms. Signal detection for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems has become a hot topic in recent years given its prominent role in fourth and fifth generations of mobile networks. However, the computational complexity in MIMO systems can become prohibitive when the number of antennas is high, as in massive MIMO, for example. Therefore, by leveraging neural networks architectures we propose a deep unfolded detector, whereby the probability data association (PDA) detector algorithm is adapted and enhanced by means of neural network learning capabilities. We unveil that the proposed detector is orders-of-magnitude less complex than the PDA detector and specially than the optimum detector, yet presenting no severe penalties in performance in terms of bit error rate (BER).
Effect of Swiss ball training on abnormal plantar pressure distribution among adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Liu Ruici , Li Shuoqi , Guo Rong , Yu Tao , Dai Zhenzhen , Zheng Xinyu , Li Shiming , Yu Wenbing , Han Tenghai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore the difference of plantar pressure distribution between adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) and healthy adolescents during gait and the effect of Swiss ball training on plantar pressure of adolescents with ID during gait.Methods: A total of 12 adolescents with ID participated in a 12-week Swiss ball training (three 40-minute sessions per week), including eight balance training movements. Meanwhile, 10 healthy adolescents did not undergo any intervention. Pre and post-interventions of stride length, stride time, gait speed, relative peak pressure, impulse and gait symmetry of 10 zones of the sole were conducted.Results: Adolescents with ID had shorter stride length, longer stride time, slower walking speed, excessive plantar peak pressure in heel medial zone, obvious abnormalities in metatarsal 1-3 zone, and significantly lower rearfoot impulse and gait symmetry than healthy adolescents. Adolescents with ID demonstrated increased post-intervention stride length, stride time, walking speed, and improved gait symmetry. Additionally, their peak pressure and impulse indexes were closer to those of healthy adolescents after the intervention.Conclusion: Abnormal gait phenomena, such as peak pressure, impulse, and gait asymmetry were observed in adolescents with an intellectual disability. Swiss ball training can make plantar pressure distribution more reasonable and improve abnormal gait among adolescents with ID.
Mapping Intrapatient Response Heterogeneity and Lesion-specific Relapse Dynamics in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Cipriani Amber , Liu Yutong , Fang Gang , Li Quefeng , Cao Yanguang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Achieving systemic tumor control across metastases is vital for long-term patient survival but remains intractable in many patients. High intrapatient heterogeneity persists, conferring many dissociated responses across metastatic lesions. Most studies of metastatic disease focus on tumor molecular and cellular features, which are crucial to elucidating the mechanisms underlying intrapatient heterogeneity. However, our understanding of intrapatient heterogeneity on the macroscopic level, such as lesion dynamics in growth, response, and relapse during treatment, remains rudimentary. This study investigated intrapatient heterogeneity through analyzing 116,542 observations of 40,612 lesions in 4,308 metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Despite significant differences in their response and relapse dynamics, metastatic lesions converged on four phenotypes that varied with anatomical site. Importantly, we found that organ-level relapse sequence was closely associated with patient survival, and that patients with the first relapses in the liver often had worse survival. In conclusion, our study provides insights into intrapatient response heterogeneity in mCRC and creates impetus for metastasis-specific therapeutics.
Paracrocinitomix mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a mangrove sediment and phylogeny of the family Cryomorphaceae revisited: proposal of two new families, Phaeocystidibacteraceae fam. nov. and Owenweeksiaceae fam. nov
Authors: Huang Zhaobin , Huang Yuanyuan , Lai Qiliang , Oren Aharon , Wang Wanpeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated GM2-3-6-6T was obtained from a mangrove sediment. Cells were light yellow-pigmented, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Flexirubin-pigment was not produced. Phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain GM2-3-6-6T was affiliated to the family Crocinitomicaceae, sharing maximum sequence similarities with Crocinitomix algicola 0182T, C. catalasitica IFO 15977T, and Putridiphycobacter roseus SM1701T of 93.8%, 93.6%, and 92.5%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) estimates and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between strain GM2-3-6-6T and the three close relatives were 68.55–68.80%, 18.50–19.20%, and 59.01–62.33%, respectively. The complete circular genome of strain GM2-3-6-6T was 4,365,762 bp in length with a DNA G + C content of 34.98%. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids; one unidentified aminoglycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and four other unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and C16:1ω6c), and iso-C17:0 3-OH. Based on genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain GM2-3-6-6T represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Paracrocinitomix mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GM2-3-6-6T (= MCCC 1K04831T = KCTC 82931T). Additionally, phylogenomic analysis of the family Cryomorphaceae related members, including type strains and uncultivated bacteria, was performed using the Genome Taxonomic Database toolkit (GTDB-Tk). Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny and genomic features, two novel families, Phaeocystidibacteraceae fam. nov. and Owenweeksiaceae fam. nov. are proposed.