bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent trends in bioartificial muscle engineering and their applications in cultured meat, biorobotic systems and biohybrid implants
Authors: Schätzlein Eva , Blaeser Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent advances in tissue engineering and biofabrication technology have yielded a plethora of biological tissues. Among these, engineering of bioartificial muscle stands out for its exceptional versatility and its wide range of applications. From the food industry to the technology sector and medicine, the development of this tissue has the potential to affect many different industries at once. However, to date, the biofabrication of cultured meat, biorobotic systems, and bioartificial muscle implants are still considered in isolation by individual peer groups. To establish common ground and share advances, this review outlines application-specific requirements for muscle tissue generation and provides a comprehensive overview of commonly used biofabrication strategies and current application trends. By solving the individual challenges and merging various expertise, synergetic leaps of innovation that inspire each other can be expected in all three industries in the future.
A male-specific doublesex isoform reveals an evolutionary pathway of sexual development via distinct alternative splicing mechanisms
Authors: Han Caihong , Peng Qionglin , Su Xiangbin , Xing Limin , Ji Xiaoxiao , Pan Yufeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe doublesex/mab-3 related transcription factor (Dmrt) genes regulate sexual development in metazoans. Studies of the doublesex (dsx) gene in insects, in particular Drosophila melanogaster, reveal that alternative splicing of dsx generates sex-specific Dsx isoforms underlying sexual differentiation. Such a splicing-based mechanism underlying sex-specific Dmrt function is thought to be evolved from a transcription-based mechanism used in non-insect species, but how such transition occurs during evolution is not known. Here we identified a male-specific dsx transcript (dsxM2) through intron retention (IR), in addition to previously identified dsxM and dsxF transcripts through alternative polyadenylation (APA) with mutually exclusive exons. We found that DsxM2 had similarly masculinizing function as DsxM. We also found that the IR-based mechanism generating sex-specific dsx transcripts was conserved from flies to cockroaches. Further analysis of these dsx transcripts suggested an evolutionary pathway from sexually monomorphic to sex-specific dsx via the sequential use of IR-based and APA-based alternative splicing.
A pore-forming protein drives macropinocytosis to facilitate toad water maintaining
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Shi Zhi-Hong , Ye Chen-Jun , Zhang Yun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMaintaining water balance is a real challenge for amphibians in terrestrial environments. Our previous studies with toad Bombina maxima discovered a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex βγ-CAT, which is assembled under tight regulation depending on environmental cues. Here we report an unexpected role for βγ-CAT in toad water maintaining. Deletion of toad skin secretions, in which βγ-CAT is a major component, increased animal mortality under hypertonic stress. βγ-CAT was constitutively expressed in toad osmoregulatory organs, which was inducible under the variation of osmotic conditions. The protein induced and participated in macropinocytosis in vivo and in vitro. During extracellular hyperosmosis, βγ-CAT stimulated macropinocytosis to facilitate water import and enhanced exosomes release, which simultaneously regulated aquaporins distribution. Collectively, these findings uncovered that besides membrane integrated aquaporin, a secretory pore-forming protein can facilitate toad water maintaining via macropinocytosis induction and exocytosis modulation, especially in responses to osmotic stress.
Cross-species experiments reveal widespread cochlear neural damage in normal hearing
Authors: Bharadwaj Hari M. , Hustedt-Mai Alexandra R. , Ginsberg Hannah M. , Dougherty Kelsey M. , Muthaiah Vijaya Prakash Krishnan , Hagedorn Anna , Simpson Jennifer M. , Heinz Michael G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnimal models suggest that cochlear afferent nerve endings may be more vulnerable than sensory hair cells to damage from acoustic overexposure and aging. Because neural degeneration without hair-cell loss cannot be detected in standard clinical audiometry, whether such damage occurs in humans is hotly debated. Here, we address this debate through co-ordinated experiments in at-risk humans and a wild-type chinchilla model. Cochlear neuropathy leads to large and sustained reductions of the wideband middle-ear muscle reflex in chinchillas. Analogously, human wideband reflex measures revealed distinct damage patterns in middle age, and in young individuals with histories of high acoustic exposure. Analysis of an independent large public dataset and additional measurements using clinical equipment corroborated the patterns revealed by our targeted cross-species experiments. Taken together, our results suggest that cochlear neural damage is widespread even in populations with clinically normal hearing.
Categorical Perception of Lexical Tones in Mandarin-Speaking Seniors
Authors: Feng Yan , Peng Gang , Wang William Shi-Yuan 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:This study aims to investigate the different degeneration processes of categorical perception (CP) of Mandarin lexical tones in the normal aging population and the pathological aging population with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Method:In Experiment I, we compared the identification and discrimination of Tone 1 and Tone 2 across young adults, seniors aged 60–65 years, and older seniors aged 75–80 years with normal cognitive abilities. In Experiment II, we compared lexical tone identification and discrimination across young adults, healthy seniors, and age-matched seniors with MCI.Results:In Experiment I, tone perception was intact in seniors aged below 65 years. Those aged above 75 years could also maintain normal tone identification, whereas they showed poorer tone discrimination correlated with age-related poorer hearing level. In Experiment II, healthy seniors showed normal CP of Mandarin tones. Tone identification was also normal in those with MCI, whereas their tone discrimination had significantly degenerated.Conclusions:In the normal aging population, age-related hearing loss decreased signal audibility, accounting for poorer discrimination of Mandarin lexical tones in seniors above 75 years. In the pathological aging population with MCI, the poorer discrimination of lexical tones may be attributed to the additive effect of age, hearing loss, and cognitive impairment (e.g., impaired working memory and long-term phonological memory). This study uncovered the roles of low-level sensory processing and high-level cognitive processing in lexical tone perception in the Chinese aging population.
Associations Between Paternal Play and Executive Function in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
Authors: Blank Andrew , Holt Rachael Frush 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
Responsive and dynamic aspects of father–child play are associated with behavioral and neurocognitive development in children and could represent an important contributor to executive function (EF) skills for children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH). This study examined associations between paternal behaviors during play and EF skills of DHH children and children with typical hearing (TH).

Method:

Father–child dyads in families with DHH children (
n
= 30) and TH children (
n
= 29) participated in a 15-min video-recorded free-play session that was coded for parental behaviors using Parent–Child Interaction Rating Scales and Rough and Tumble Play Quality. Families also completed an age-appropriate version of the Behavior Rating Index of Executive Function as a measure of child EF.

Results:
DHH children were rated as having significantly more everyday difficulties with working memory than TH children. Fathers of DHH children were rated as more intrusive during play than fathers of TH children; however, there were no other differences between paternal groups on coded dimensions of father child play. Paternal respect for child autonomy was associated with fewer child difficulties with planning and organization skills and paternal play engagement was associated with fewer child EF difficulties. Moderation analyses revealed that paternal sensitivity was associated with more working memory difficulties and paternal respect for child autonomy was associated with fewer working memory difficulties for DHH children only.

Conclusions:
Paternal play could be an important environmental context for DHH outcomes. Fathers supporting independent play might generally support EF. Paternal engagement in play might also benefit EF. Results highlight paternal behavioral attributes that could lead to potential father-embedded intervention models.
Individual Voice Dimensions' Prediction of Overall Dysphonia Severity on Two Auditory-Perceptual Scales
Authors: Walden Patrick R. , Rau Sydney 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Auditory-perceptual evaluation of dysphonic voice is an essential clinical activity that characterizes the nature of dysphonia and aids in planning its clinical management. Although there are multidimensional acoustic measures that correlate well with overall severity ratings, they tend to include measures that have only small or moderate correlations with individual voice characteristics frequently perceptually measured (e.g., breathiness or roughness). Given this difference between perceptual and acoustic measures, it is unclear how much individual voice characteristics contribute to a listener's perception of overall severity of dysphonia.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore individual voice characteristics' relative contribution to the rating of overall dysphonia severity and to explore sex-related differences.

Method:
Two hundred ninety-six voice samples were accessed from the Perceptual Voice Qualities Database. Roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain, pitch, and loudness ratings from the Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain and Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice scales were used to predict overall voice quality severity in linear regression with bootstrapped coefficients.

Results:
Roughness, breathiness, and strain were the strongest predictors of overall severity. Asthenia and, to a lesser extent, pitch were also significant predictors of overall severity. Loudness was not a significant predictor. There were several sex-related differences noted, as well as differences related to the scale used.

Conclusions:
Breathiness, roughness, and strain were all important predictors of overall severity for all regressions. Clinicians should be aware of scale-related differences if they are using auditory-perceptual measures to choose voice therapy targets. Analyses accounting for perceptual strategy differences were recommended for future studies.
Graduate Student Clinicians' Perceptions of Child Speech Sound Errors
Authors: Jung Seyoung , Jing Linye , Grigos Maria 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) rely on auditory perception to form judgments on child speech. This can be challenging for graduate student clinicians with limited clinical experience as they often need to judge children's speech errors using their auditory perception. This study examined how consistently graduate student clinicians used a 3-point perceptual rating scale to judge child speech.

Method:
Twenty-four graduate student clinicians rated single words produced by children with typically developing speech and language skills and children with speech sound disorders. All participants rated the productions using a 3-point scale, where “2” was an accurate production, “1” was a close approximation, and “0” was an inaccurate production. Ratings were solely based on the auditory signal. These ratings were compared to a consensus rating formed by two experienced SLPs.

Results:
Graduate student clinicians reached substantial agreement with the expert SLP rating. They reached the highest percentage agreement when rating accurate productions, and the lowest agreement when rating inaccurate productions.

Conclusions:
Graduate student clinicians reached substantial agreement with expert SLP rating in judging child speech using a 3-point scale when provided with detailed descriptions of each rating category. These results are consistent with previous findings on the role that clinical experience plays in speech error perception tasks and highlight the need for additional listening training in speech-language pathology graduate programs.
Dynamic‐difference based generative adversarial network for coal‐rock fracture evolution prediction
Authors: Lu Fengli , Zhang Guoying , Ding Yi , Gan Yongqi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoal‐rock fracture evolution has a key role in coal seam permeability. Due to the randomness and uncertainty of coal‐rock fractures, the prediction of fracture evolution is difficult and challenging. In this paper, the authors propose a dynamic‐difference based generative adversarial network (DDGAN) for coal‐rock fracture evolution prediction. Firstly, the spatial‐feature encoder and the dynamic‐difference encoder are proposed to capture the spatial features and the dynamic fracture evolution information independently. And a channel‐attention (CA) module is presented to enhance the contribution of fracture evolution details information in the dynamic‐difference encoder. Then, a multi‐scale fusion (MSF) module is proposed to fuse the spatial features and the dynamic‐difference features, which benefits to refine the detailed structure during decoding. Final, the compound objective function is employed to supervise and guide the network to achieve coal‐rock fracture evolution predictions. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, extensive experiment results demonstrate that the authors’ model can achieve better performance for the task of coal‐rock fracture evolution prediction.
Colour balance and contrast stretching for sand‐dust image enhancement
Authors: Hua Zhongwei , Qi Lizhe , Guan Min , Su Hao , Sun Yunquan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasingly frequent sand‐dust weather in the inland areas seriously affects outdoor vision applications, especially autonomous vehicles and security monitoring. To moderate the image's colour cast and poor contrast caused by sand‐dust weather, an effective approach is proposed in this study to enhance the sand‐dust images. First, the original degraded image's colour cast is corrected by a new colour balance and compensation formula, which compensates the blue and green channel information through numerous yellow channel information caused by sand‐dust scattering before white balance. Next, in order to avoid the new colour deviation, the corrected image is converted from the RGB colour space to the HSV colour space and use the CLAHE to enhance the V component to improve the contrast. Then, a nonlinear gain function is defined to further adaptively sharpen the V component to enhance image details. Finally, the S component is stretched to improve image saturation. The extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluation shows that this method can improve the image edge clarity and contrast, restore good colour fidelity for all sand‐dust images tested. The verification also proves that this method is of much significance in improving the feature point extraction and the target detection results in the sand‐dust weather.
Emotion recognition method using millimetre wave radar based on deep learning
Authors: Dang Xiaochao , Chen Zetong , Hao Zhanjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNon‐contact emotion recognition is a new research field. Using millimetre‐wave radar does not require users to wear any equipment, and there is no privacy violation. This study proposes a new emotion recognition method, which uses millimetre‐wave radar to transmit frequency‐modulated continuous wave signals and extracts and separates the time domain signals of heartbeat and respiration of subjects through the echo of human reflection. According to the characteristics of collected signals, a deep learning framework combining one‐dimensional convolutional neural network and Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory neural networks is designed for feature extraction and classification. Experiments show that this method has high average recognition accuracy for four emotions in the case of person‐independent. The excellent range resolution, higher system integration, and lower power consumption of millimetre‐wave radar will profoundly impact the development of human–computer interaction, modern medical care, and education.
Radiative losses in the chromosphere during a C-class flare
Authors: Yadav R. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Kerr G. S. , Díaz Baso C. J. , Leenaarts J. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Solar flares release an enormous amount of energy (∼1032 erg) into the corona. A substantial fraction of this energy is transported to the lower atmosphere, which results in chromospheric heating. The mechanisms that transport energy to the lower solar atmosphere during a flare are still not fully understood.
Aims. We aim to estimate the temporal evolution of the radiative losses in the chromosphere at the footpoints of a C-class flare, in order to set observational constraints on the electron beam parameters of a RADYN flare simulation.
Methods. We estimated the radiative losses from hydrogen, and singly ionized Ca and Mg using semiempirical model atmospheres, which were inferred from a multiline inversion of observed Stokes profiles obtained with the CRISP and CHROMIS instruments on the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. The radiative losses were computed taking into account the effect of partial redistribution and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium. To estimate the integrated radiative losses in the chromosphere, the net cooling rates were integrated between the temperature minimum and the height where the temperature reaches 10 kK. We also compared our time series of radiative losses with those from the RADYN flare simulations.
Results. We obtained a high spatial-resolution map of integrated radiative losses around the flare peak time. The stratification of the net cooling rate suggests that the Ca IR triplet lines are responsible for most of the radiative losses in the flaring atmosphere. During the flare peak time, the contribution from Ca II H and K and Mg II h and k lines are strong and comparable to the Ca IR triplet (∼32 kW m−2). Since our flare is a relatively weak event, the chromosphere is not heated above 11 kK, which in turn yields a subdued Lyα contribution (∼7 kW m−2) in the selected limits of the chromosphere. The temporal evolution of total integrated radiative losses exhibits sharply rising losses (0.4 kW m−2 s−1) and a relatively slow decay (0.23 kW m−2 s−1). The maximum value of total radiative losses is reached around the flare peak time, and can go up to 175 kW m−2 for a single pixel located at footpoint. After a small parameter study, we find the best model-data consistency in terms of the amplitude of radiative losses and the overall atmospheric structure with a RADYN flare simulation in the injected energy flux of 5 × 1010 erg s−1 cm−2.
Eine Querschnittsuntersuchung zur Qualität der Sauerstofftherapie in drei deutschen Krankenhäusern
Authors: Fühner Thomas , Gottlieb Jens , Joean Oana , vanʼt Klooster Maria Petronella , Kayser Moritz Z. , Valtin Christina , Ewen Raphael , Golpon Heiko 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Sauerstoff (O2) ist eines der am häufigsten angewendeten Arzneimittel in deutschen Krankenhäusern und im Rettungswesen. Sowohl eine Hypoxämie als auch eine Hyperoxämie sind mit Komplikationen vergesellschaftet. In Deutschland fehlen bislang belastbare Daten zur Anwendung, Dokumentation und Überwachung der O2-Therapie.
Methoden Eine Querschnittsstudie zur Sauerstoff-Anwendung wurde in 3 Krankenhäusern der maximalen bzw. supramaximalen Versorgung in Hannover im Herbst 2020 durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Von 343 erfassten Patienten erhielten 20 % eine O2-Therapie. Bei 29 % der Patienten mit O2-Therapie bestand ein Hyperkapnie-Risiko. Lediglich bei 68 % Patienten mit einer O2-Therapie lag eine SOP zur O2-Anwendung auf den jeweiligen Stationen vor und nur bei 22 % entsprach die gegebene O2-Therapie dem tatsächlichen Bedarf des Patienten. Nur bei 30 % des Gesamtkollektivs und 41 % der Patienten mit O2-Therapie erfolgte eine vollständige Dokumentation der Vitalparameter. Eine Überwachung der O2-Therapie mittels arterieller oder kapillärer Blutgasanalyse (BGA) erfolgte bei 76 % der O2-Patienten. Hier zeigte sich bei 64 % der Patienten eine Normoxämie, bei 17 % eine Hyperoxämie und bei 19 % eine Hypoxämie. Der einzige identifizierbare Prediktor für eine adäquate O2-Therapie war eine vorangegangene Beatmungstherapie.
Diskussion Insgesamt zeigt sich eine suboptimale Indikationsstellung, Anwendung und Kontrolle der Sauerstofftherapie. Schulungen des pflegerischen und ärztlichen Personals zur Verbesserung der Anwendung der O2-Therapie und resultierend auch der Patientensicherheit sind dringend notwendig.
Homöopathie versus Impfungen? – Eine Analyse unter
Berücksichtigung der Spanischen Grippe
Authors: Jahn Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungRepetitiv wird die Homöopathie für eine vermeintliche
Wissenschaftsverweigerung und mangelhafte Forschungspraxis kritisiert.
Insbesondere Impfungen als Inbegriff für wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt
und damit einen Nutzen für Mensch und Tier werden als Diskrepanz und
Widerspruch zwischen wissenschaftsbasierter Medizin und Homöopathie
wahrgenommen. Diese Dichotomie ist einerseits geprägt von der Ansicht,
dass die Homöopathie sich in ihrem 220-jährigen Bestehen kaum
weiterentwickelt hat. Andererseits gibt es unter Anwender*innen von
Homöopathie wie auch innerhalb anderer (ärztlicher)
Berufsgruppen und Bevölkerungsschichten eine (multikausale) Skepsis
gegenüber Impfungen und anderen Maßnahmen und Therapien der
konventionellen Medizin.Vor allem in Krisenzeiten erfahren komplementäre Methoden einen
großen Zulauf. In einigen Ländern ist die Homöopathie
integrativer Bestandteil des staatlichen Gesundheitssystems. Zahlreiche
Wissenschaftler*innen in der Grundlagen-, Versorgungs- und der
klinischen Forschung beschäftigen sich mit Homöopathie. Weltweit
nutzen Menschen Homöopathika zur Prävention und Therapie. Die
Anwendung wird begleitet von Datenerhebungen und Evaluationen. Zur
Bekämpfung der Spanischen Grippe experimentierten Homöopathen
mit der Herstellung und Verabreichung von Vakzinen und Seren. Während
der Coronapandemie zeigte sich, dass die Expertise einzelner
Forscher*innen und Fachbereiche nicht ausreicht, effektiv und nachhaltig
auf Komplexität und Dynamiken zu reagieren. Erforderlich ist eine
umfassende Sicht auf die Geschehnisse. Was gesamtgesellschaftlich zutrifft, gilt
auch für die Medizin.Die Homöopathie als Teil der Integrativen Medizin ist eine
wissenschaftsfundierte und patientenzentrierte Methode, die auch und gerade in
Krisenzeiten ihren Stellenwert in der Gesundheitsversorgung hat.
Unerwartete Wirkungen von „Anti-Sars-CoV-2-Impfungen“
– eine erste Anwendungsbeobachtung mit Homöopathie im Jahre 2021
als Präpilotstudie
Authors: von Ammon Klaus , Lottenbach Franz , Malchow Holger 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Prävention einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion existieren seit Dezember 2020
vorläufig zugelassene Injektionspräparate auf mRNA- oder
Vektorbasis, die unerwartete Impfwirkungen haben können, welche die
Patient*innen in unsere Praxis führen. Homöopathie in
der Bandbreite ihrer Möglichkeiten von Analyseverfahren und Arzneien
(Urtinktur bis Q-Potenzen) bietet ein überraschend erfolgreiches,
spezifisches und günstiges Angebot zur Therapie unerwarteter Wirkungen
von Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Impfpräparaten.
Impfreaktionen und Langzeitfolgen nach
Covid-19-Impfung
Authors: Harte Margarete 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungAnhand von Fällen wird die Arzneimittelfindung mithilfe des
Symptomenlexikons dargestellt bei Impfnebenwirkungen und Langzeitfolgen nach
Impfung mit einem mRNA-Impfstoff (Covid-19).