bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral scent emission is the highest at the second night of anthesis in Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae)
Authors: Feng Hui‐Hui , Wang Xiao‐Yue , Luo Yi‐Bo , Huang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFloral color change in diverse plants has been thought to be a visual signal reflecting changes in floral rewards, promoting pollinator foraging efficiency as well as plant reproductive success. It remains unclear whether olfactory signals co‐vary with floral color change. We investigated the production rhythms of floral scent and nectar associated with floral color change in Lonicera japonica. The flowers generally last 2–3 days. They are white on opening at night (N1) and become light yellow the following day (D1), yellow on the second night (N2), and golden on the second day of flowering (D2). Our measurements in the four stages indicated that nectar production decreased significantly from N1 and D1 to N2 and D2, tracking the floral color change. A total of 34 compounds were detected in floral scent and total scent emission was significantly higher in N2 than in the other three stages. The scent emission of three major compounds, Linalool, cis‐3‐Hexenyl tiglate, and Germacrene D was also significantly higher in N2, but the relative content of Linalool decreased gradually, cis‐3‐Hexenyl tiglate increased gradually, and the relative content of Germacrene D did not differ among the four measured stages. Greater scent emission by night than by day suggested a strong olfactory signal to attract nocturnal hawkmoths, the effective pollinators. However, floral scent rhythms in the four stages did not match the color change and nectar secretion, suggesting that floral color (visual) and scent (olfactory) in this species may play different roles in attracting or filtering various visitors.
The Pyrenees as a cradle of plant diversity: phylogeny, phylogeography and niche modeling of Saxifraga longifolia
Authors: Pomeda‐Gutiérrez Fernando , García María Begoña , Leo María , Fernández‐Mazuecos Mario , Alaoui Mostafa Lamrani , Terrab Anass , Vargas Pablo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current distribution of most species results from ecological niche, past distribution, and migrations during glacial–interglacial periods and in situ evolution. Here, we disentangle the colonization history of Saxifraga longifolia Lapeyr., a limestone plant abundant in the Pyrenees and rare in other Iberian mountains and the African Atlas. Our working hypothesis is that the current distribution results from the shrinkage of a more extensive distribution in previous cold periods. We sampled 160 individuals of 32 populations across the whole distribution range and sequenced four DNA regions (rpl32‐trnL, rps16‐trnQ, trnS‐trnG, and ITS). Ecological conditions were modeled to identify factors promoting high genetic diversity and long‐term persistence areas for S. longifolia. In addition, we inferred phylogenetic relationships, phylogeographic divergence, genetic diversity, and migration routes. Seven plastid haplotypes were found, of which six occur in the Pyrenees and one in the High Atlas (Morocco). Discrete phylogeographic analysis (DPA) estimated migration routes predominantly from the Pyrenees to the other areas. Colonization events to those areas appear to have taken place recently given that the rest of the Iberian mountains do not harbor exclusive haplotypes. Iberian–Northern African distribution was inferred to be the result of long‐distance dispersal because the split between Iberian and High Atlas haplotypes is estimated to have taken place in the last 4 million years ago when the Strait of Gibraltar was already open. Migrations from the Pyrenees to the south may have been favored by a corridor of predominant limestone rocks along Eastern Iberia, followed by successful overcoming the Strait of Gibraltar to reach northern Africa.
Improving the weaning of larval giant kōkopu, Galaxias argenteus: An emerging aquaculture species
Authors: McKay William J. G. , Jeffs Andrew G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUsing live feed in fish larviculture is more expensive and challenging than formulated feeds, incentivizing the early weaning of larvae. In New Zealand, the aquaculture of larval giant kōkopu, Galaxias argenteus, is being commercialized because of its high value and to supplement the wild fishery. As an emerging aquaculture species, inefficiencies remain in the production process, inhibiting financial viability. This study reports on the ability of these larvae to consume formulated larval diets across four ages (18, 21, 25, and 28 days after hatching, DAH) at each of the three daily feeding events (Morning, Midday, and Afternoon) during commercial production. At 18 DAH, little to no formulated feed was consumed at either of the three feeding events throughout the day. At 21 DAH, mean gut fullness increased and the number of fish with empty stomachs reduced by the end of the Morning and Afternoon feeding events. Both variables improved further for larvae at 25 and 28 DAH. Formulated feed consumption did not differ between larvae aged 25 and 28 DAH indicating that 3 days of feeding live feed could be removed from the feed regime. This change would save 13% on the cost of live feed; however, further research is required to determine the potential impacts on growth and survival.
Application of cinnarizine in migraine prevention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shafie'ei Mohammad , Kouhanjani Mohsen Farjoud , Akbari Zahra , Sarvipour Nastaran , Shekouh Dorsa , Gholampour Mohammadhasan , Ardestani Pooneh Memar , Nemati Hamid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the available data on the prophylactic effectiveness of cinnarizine in migraine disorder.BackgroundCinnarizine has demonstrated encouraging potential in preventing the attacks of migraine. Therefore, we opted to evaluate whether its sole administration leads to positive outcomes.MethodsThe PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for English‐only original interventional studies published until April 2022, then screened for relevancy and eligibility. The resulting data from the included studies, including the primary (ie, headache episode frequency, intensity, duration, monthly timing, and analgesic intake frequency) and secondary (ie, reported adverse events, quality of life, and activities of daily living) outcome changes compared to placebo and active controls (e.g., sodium valproate and propranolol) were then recorded by two independent assessors. Ultimately, these data were synthesized qualitatively and quantitatively (achieved by determining the mean difference via the random‐effects model).ResultsA total of 10 studies comprising seven randomized controlled trials and three quasi‐experimental studies were included. Compared to placebo, cinnarizine demonstrated significant improvements in migraine episode frequency (Mean difference = −3.10; Confidence interval = [−3.33, −2.88]; p‐value < 0.001; I2 < 0.001%), and intensity (Mean difference = −1.54; Confidence interval = [−2.08, −0.99]; p‐value < 0.001; I2 < 37.97%). Moreover, cinnarizine led to similar or better results when compared to active controls, including sodium valproate, topiramate, and propranolol.ConclusionsCinnarizine can be considered a safe and effective medication for migraine prophylaxis. However, the relatively small sample size made reaching a definite conclusion impossible. Therefore, a higher number of randomized controlled trials are recommended to be taken place to clarify the situation further.
Simultaneous detection of miRNA and mRNA at the single‐cell level in plant tissues
Authors: Wu Chi‐Chih , Hsieh Kun‐Ting , Yeh Su‐Ying , Lu Yen‐Ting , Chen Liang‐Jwu , Ku Maurice S. B. , Li Wen‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2022

SummaryDetecting the simultaneous presence of a microRNA (miRNA) and a mRNA in a specific tissue can provide support for the prediction that the miRNA regulates the mRNA. Although two such methods have been developed for mammalian tissues, they have a low signal‐noise ratio and/or poor resolution at the single‐cell level. To overcome these drawbacks, we develop a method that uses sequence‐specific miRNA‐locked nucleic acid (LNA) and mRNA‐LNA probes. Moreover, it augments the detection signal by rolling circle amplification, achieving a high signal‐noise ratio at the single‐cell level. Dot signals are counted for determining the expression levels of mRNA and miRNA molecules in specific cells. We show a high sequence specificity of our miRNA‐LNA probe, revealing that it can discriminate single‐base mismatches. Numerical quantification by our method is tested in transgenic rice lines with different gene expression levels. We conduct several applications. First, the spatial expression profiling of osa‐miR156 and OsSPL12 in rice leaves reveals their specific expression in mesophyll cells. Second, studying rice and its mutant lines with our method reveals opposite expression patterns of miRNA and its target mRNA in tissues. Third, the dynamic expression profiles of ZmGRF8 and zma‐miR396 during maize leaf development provide evidence that zma‐miR396 regulates the preferential spatial expression of ZmGRF8 in bundle sheath cells. Finally, our method can be scaled up to simultaneously detect multiple miRNAs and mRNAs in a tissue. Thus, it is a sensitive and versatile technique for studying miRNA regulation of plant tissue development.
Adjunctive perampanel therapy for patients with epileptic spasms
Authors: Matsuura Ryuki , Hamano Shin‐ichiro , Ikemoto Satoru , Daida Atsuro , Takeda Rikako , Horiguchi Ayumi , Hirata Yuko , Koichihara Reiko , Kikuchi Kenjiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerampanel is an antiepileptic drug. Some studies have documented the efficacy of perampanel in epileptic spasms. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel therapy (PT) in patients with epileptic spasms.MethodsWe retrospectively surveyed the efficacy and safety of adjunctive PT in 14 patients with epileptic spasms at the Saitama Children's Medical Center between June 2016 and September 2021. Seizure outcomes and safety were evaluated 12 months after commencing PT. Response to perampanel was defined as complete remission of epileptic spasms for more than 3 months.ResultsThe median age at onset of epileptic spasms was 0.4 years (range, 0.1–1.3 years). The etiology was structural in 11 patients, genetic in two, and unknown in one. The median age at the commencement of PT was 3.2 years (1.5–10.3 years). The initial and maintenance doses of perampanel were administered at 0.04 (range, 0.02–0.05) mg/kg/day and 0.12 (range, 0.03–0.24) mg/kg/day, respectively. Five of the 14 patients (35.7%) showed remission of epileptic spasms for more than 3 months at 12 months after PT; these patients had a structural etiology. The median duration between commencement of perampanel and spasm remission was 2 months (range, 1–6 months). No serious adverse effects occurred.ConclusionsThis is the first case series evaluating adjunctive PT for epileptic spasms. PT is worth investigating to treat epileptic spasms in patients with structural etiologies. As our study population primarily comprised children aged 2 years and older, PT may be useful for epileptic spasms beyond infancy.
Photodynamic Priming Overcomes Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS)‐Induced Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer†
Authors: Rickard Brittany P. , Tan Xianming , Fenton Suzanne E. , Rizvi Imran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread environmental contaminants linked to adverse outcomes, including for female reproductive biology and related cancers. We recently reported, for the first time, that PFAS induce platinum resistance in ovarian cancer, potentially through altered mitochondrial function. Platinum resistance is a major barrier in the management of ovarian cancer, necessitating complementary therapeutic approaches. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light‐based treatment modality that reverses platinum resistance and synergizes with platinum‐based chemotherapy. The present study is the first to demonstrate the ability of photodynamic priming (PDP), a low‐dose, sub‐cytotoxic variant of PDT, to overcome PFAS‐induced platinum resistance. Comparative studies of PDP efficacy using either benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) or 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were conducted in two human ovarian cancer cell lines (NIH:OVCAR‐3 and Caov‐3). BPD and PpIX are clinically approved photosensitizers that preferentially localize to, or are partly synthesized in, mitochondria. PDP overcomes carboplatin resistance in PFAS‐exposed ovarian cancer cells, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach to target the deleterious effects of environmental contaminants. Decreased survival fraction in PDP + carboplatin treated cells was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that PDP modulates the mitochondrial membrane, reducing membrane potential and re‐sensitizing ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin.
Prospective associations of lifestyle patterns in early childhood with socio‐emotional and behavioural development and BMI: An outcome‐wide analysis of the EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Descarpentrie Alexandra , Bernard Jonathan Y. , Vandentorren Stephanie , Melchior Maria , Galéra Cédric , Chia Airu , Chong Mary F.‐F. , Charles Marie‐Aline , Heude Barbara , Lioret Sandrine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren's energy balance‐related behaviours (EBRB), comprising diet, screen time, physical activity, and sleep, combine into “lifestyle patterns”, which may exert a synergistic effect on health. To date, studies investigating this synergy have primarily focused on obesity risk, without addressing other facets of health.ObjectivesTo examine the prospective associations of preschoolers' lifestyle patterns with socio‐emotional, behavioural, and body mass index (BMI) outcomes at 8 years.MethodsParticipants were 876 children from the EDEN mother–child cohort. Three lifestyle patterns (unhealthy, healthy, and mixed) were previously identified at age 5, separately in boys and girls. At age 8, height and weight measures generated BMI z‐scores while social–emotional and behavioural development was assessed by parents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Drawing from the outcome‐wide approach, sex‐ and outcome‐specific adjusted linear regressions were fitted.ResultsBoys' adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern (combining a nutrient‐dense diet and limited screen time) at 5 years was positively associated with prosocial behaviours (β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01, 0.26) and inversely related to hyperactivity‐inattention symptoms (β = −0.12; 95% CI −0.23, −0.01) at 8 years. Girls' mixed lifestyle pattern (sugar or artificially sweetened beverages, high screen, physical activity and low sleep times) was associated with prosocial behaviours (β = 0.12; 95% CI 0.01, 0.23). There was no evidence of associations between lifestyle patterns and BMI z‐scores.ConclusionsFindings suggest synergistic benefits of engaging in a combination of optimal EBRBs, especially in boys, and support intervention efforts at preschool age to enhance some dimensions of their later socio‐emotional and behavioural development.
Labor by design: contributions of David Card, Joshua Angrist, and Guido Imbens*
Authors: Hull Peter , Kolesár Michal , Walters Christopher 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 2021 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to David Card “for his empirical contributions to labor economics” and to Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”. We survey these contributions of the three laureates, and discuss how their empirical and methodological insights transformed the modern practice of applied microeconomics. By emphasizing research design and formalizing the causal content of different econometric procedures, the laureates shed new light on key questions in labor economics and advanced a robust toolkit for empirical analyses across many fields.
Elevated ischaemia‐associated lysyl oxidase activity in delayed graft failure 6–12 months after renal transplantation
Authors: Chen Zhi , Li Yiyang , Xu Hongmei , Ma Fuzhe , Li Jia , Zhao Lei , Xu Ying 
Published: September 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What potential biochemical changes are associated with renal parenchyma 6–12 months after renal transplantation and delayed graft failure?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Tissue fibrosis, mediated by tissue ischaemia‐induced induction of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and fibronectin and consequent activation of lysyl oxidase, is a major underlying pathophysiological mechanism that contributes to delayed graft failure several months after renal transplantation.

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the potential biochemical changes associated with renal parenchyma 6–12 months after renal transplantation and delayed graft failure. Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor‐β in these subjects always remained elevated. In addition, examination of tissue from needle biopsies confirmed that there were consistent changes in the enzyme lysyl oxidase, which functions as an amine oxidase, modifies lysine residues on collagen and cross‐links in a process of modulation of the extracellular matrix. Parenchymal levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and fibronectin were elevated, as detected by Western blotting. These findings indicate an ongoing ischaemic insult, which might result from increased tissue fibrosis or, in some cases, might be additive with pre‐existing pathophysiological factors that constrain proper renal haemodynamics. Thus, increased lysyl oxidase activity, which we assayed, is a potential unfavourable mechanism occurring in these kidneys that are undergoing failure and probably causes increased fibrosis within the organ and causes ischaemia, renovascular hypertension and a cascade leading to renal dysfunction and failure.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Stair Ambulation Using Impedance Control on an Active Prosthesis
Authors: Camargo Jonathan , Bhakta Krishan , Herrin Kinsey , Young Aaron 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Active prostheses can provide net positive work to individuals with amputation, offering more versatility across locomotion tasks than passive prostheses. However, the effect of powered joints on bilateral biomechanics has not been widely explored for ambulation modes different than level ground and treadmill walking. In this study, we present the bilateral biomechanics of stair ascent and descent with a powered knee-ankle prosthesis compared to the biomechanical profiles of able-bodied subjects at different configurations of stair height between 102 mm and 178 mm. In addition, we include reference profiles from users with passive prostheses for the nominal stair height of 152 mm to place our findings in relation to the typical solution for individuals with transfemoral amputation (TFA). We report the biomechanical profiles of kinematics, kinetics, and power, together with temporal and waveform symmetry and distribution of mechanical energy across the joints. We found that an active prosthesis provides a substantial contribution to mechanical power during stair ascent and power absorption during stair descent and gait patterns like able-bodied subjects. The active prosthesis enables step-over-step gait in stair ascent. This translates into a lower mechanical energy requirement on the intact side, with a 57% reduction of energy at the knee and 26% at the hip with respect to the passive prosthesis. For stair descent, we found a 28% reduction in the negative work done by the intact ankle. These results reflect the benefit of active prostheses, allowing the users to complete tasks more efficiently than passive legs. However, in comparison to able-bodied biomechanics, the results still differ from the ideal patterns. We discuss the limitations that explain this difference and suggest future directions for the design of impedance controllers by taking inspiration from the biological modulation of the knee moment as a function of the stair height.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Parallel-Connected Double-Effect Mechanical Vapor Recompression System Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Hua , Zhang Zihui , Zhang Ziyao , Gong Wuqi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To realize multi-objective optimization of the parallel-connected double-effect mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) system, this article established an optimization model based on the Strength Pareto Evolution Algorithm 2 (SPEA2), where the total power consumption and the heat exchange area were taken as the optimization objectives. The optimal combination of evaporation temperature, compression temperature rise, and emission concentration was obtained by employing the SPEA2-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm together with the fuzzy set theory. The emission concentration was added as a variable on the basis of the original optimization, and the optimization results were compared with the original operation conditions. The results showed that the total power consumption of the system lowered by 22.9 kW, and the heat exchange area was reduced by 110.5m2; the coefficient of performance (COP) and exergy efficiency heightened by 8.4% and 24.0%, respectively, and the exergy destruction decreased by 84.6 kW. These results indicate that the established model for system optimization can make up for the deficiency of evaluating and optimizing system performance by manipulating a single-decision variable and improve the energy utilization and thermodynamic perfection of the target system.
Physics-Assisted Long-Short-Term-Memory Network for Forecasting of Fouling in a Regenerative Heat Exchanger
Authors: Gupta Ashit , Jadhav Vishal , Deodhar Anirudh , Runkana Venkataramana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Air Preheater (APH) is a regenerative heat exchanger employed in power plants for improving the boiler thermal efficiency. Fouling of APH is a serious problem as it deteriorates heat transfer efficiency and causes unplanned shutdowns. This complex physico-chemical phenomenon is governed by APH operating conditions, flue gas composition and ambient conditions. We propose a physics-assisted Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) network model to forecast the fouling of APH. A physics-based soft sensor, indicative of chemical deposition within the APH, is used as an additional feature. The physics-assisted basic and autoregressive LSTM models are found to be more accurate than the basic and autoregressive LSTM models, owing to additional insights coming from the physics-based soft sensor. They can help in effective predictive maintenance of APH by preempting forced outages of the plant due to fouling, up to three months in advance. The proposed framework can be easily adapted for forecasting of fouling in heat exchangers used in diverse industries.