bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of myocardial work in assessment of ventricular function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Chenguang , Guo Ying , Wang Xiang , Zhang Ruisheng , Wang Fang , Zhu Huolan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate myocardial work using speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: Fifty patients with HCM and 50 normal controls were included. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was quantified using the bi-plane Simpson’s method. Myocardial work parameters, which included global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global waste work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE), were derived from the 2D strain-pressure loop. Results: The patient group was older (49.19 ± 14.69 versus 37.16 ± 7.49 years old) and had a higher body mass index (24.93 ± 3.67 versus 23.26 ± 3.32 kg/m2) and systolic blood pressure (121.81 ± 16.50 versus 115.30 ± 11.01 mmHg) (P < 0.05). The mean LVEF in patients was 51%, with 54% of patients had LVEF ≤ 50%. Compared to controls, GWI (946.42 ± 360.64 versus 1639.72 ± 204.56 mmHg%), GCW (1176.94 ± 373.23 versus 1960.16 ± 255.72 mmHg%), and GWE (83.96 ± 7.68 versus 95.26 ± 1.98%) were significantly decreased, while GWW (158.17 ± 82.47 versus 79.12 ± 40.26 mmHg%) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the patient group. In patients, GWE showed a trend of positive correlation with LVEF (r = 0.276, P = 0.06), while GWW had a trend of negative correlation with LVEF (r = -0.241, P = 0.09). There was no correlation between LVEF and GWI or GCW. Conclusions: Assessing myocardial work adds useful information of LV function in patients with HCM.
Estimated global cost of treating COVID-19, HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C with approved effective oral medications
Authors: Ellis Leah , Wang Junzheng , Pilkington Victoria , Levi Jacob , Heath Katherine , Hill Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
High drug prices can limit treatment access. Patented drugs can be sold for prices far higher than the costs of production. This analysis aimed to determine prices currently feasible to treat COVID-19, HIV, and Hepatitis B or C, with WHO/FDA/NICE approved oral medications assuming competitive generic manufacture.
Methods
Data on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) exported from India were collected from the Panjiva database ( www.panjiva.com ) – an online database of global exports – and were used to calculate current weighted mean cost/kg of API. Target prices were calculated based on the per-pill cost of API, plus costs of manufacture ($0.01/pill), 10% profit margin, and assumed 27% tax on profit. We selected a range of the most commonly used oral treatments based on WHO guidelines for treatment of COVID-19, HIV, HBV and HCV. Current lowest global prices were obtained from public reports and the Pan American Health Organization Antiretroviral Report. Our target prices were compared with national pricing data from a range of low, middle, and high-income countries.
Results
The main results table shows current prices of antiretrovirals for SARS-CoV-2 (5–14-day course), HIV or HBV (per 365-day course), and HCV treatments (per 12-week course). COVID-19 can be treated with molnupiravir for $12.40, baricitinib for $0.60, or dexamethasone for $0.19 per course. HIV can be treated with DRV/r for $286 per year, ATV/r for $140 per year, TDF/3TC/DTG for $74 per year, TAF/FTC/DTG for $89 and TDF/FTC for $59. HBV can be treated with TDF for $23 per year and TAF for $38 per year. HCV could be cured with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir for $35 per patient and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for $79 per patient. Maximum list prices (typically from US) were up to 600 times higher than costs of production (e.g. for TDF).
Conclusions
Key viral infections can be treated or cured with generic drugs at prices far below those of branded equivalents. Use of branded drugs at high prices can limit the potential for countries to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets.
PERCEPTION OF RIBA ACCORDING TO MTR-MASYARAKAT TANPA RIBA (A COMMUNITY WITHOUT USURY)
Authors: Wigati Sri 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK
Lahirnya komunitas Masyarakat Tanpa Riba (MTR) ini dilatarbelakangi adanya dua alasan utama yaitu: pertama, keprihatinan atas Indonesia, negeri yang penduduknya mayoritas muslim namun secara sistemik dan massif melegalkan riba melalui adanya bank konvensional. Kedua, gerakan ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya kesadaran atas dasar konsep pemikiran cemerlang (akidah Islam) untuk membangkitkan umat muslim Indonesia dari keterpurukan multidimensi, khususnya jebakan dan jeratan ribawi.
Penelitianinimerupakanpenelitiankualitatif dan menggunakanpenelitianlapangan (field research).Pendekatan yang digunakanadalahfenomenologi.Dalampengamatanmelihatperubahancaraberfikirmasyarakatdalamkehidupan. Teknikpengumpulan data denganobservasipastisipatif, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: .Tidak ada konsistensi terhadap sejarah munculnya MTR meskipun tidak sepakat terhadap bank, baik bank syariah maupun bank konvensional. Akan tetapi MTR juga tidak menunjukkan lembaga keuangan yang menurut MTR anti riba dan tetap memakai bank di Indonesia sebagai alat untuk sarana kegiatan MTR seperti bentuk transfer peserta dll.
Prognostic Value and Biological Role of miR-126 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Soofiyani Saiedeh Razi , Hosseini Kamran , Ebrahimi Tahereh , Forouhandeh Haleh , Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Beirami Sohrab Minaei , Ghasemnejad Tohid , Tarhriz Vahideh , Montazersaheb Soheila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
In eukaryotic organisms such as humans, some noncoding single-stranded RNAs (ncRNAs)
contribute to regulating the expression of some genes before and after the transcription process, which
in turn controls a number of vital physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation,
invasion, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. miR-126 is one of these miRNAs expressed exclusively
in endothelial cells such as capillaries and vessels involved in controlling angiogenesis. In recent
years, the link between miRs such as miR-126 and the pathology of breast cancer has attracted the
attention of many researchers. Numerous studies have shown that miR-126 may be able to suppress
tumor tissue metastasis or to increase tumor metastasis through complex molecular mechanisms. There
is ample clinical evidence that miR-126 can be used as a biomarker to predict and diagnose breast cancer
due to the increased or decreased expression of certain genes in breast cancer tissue. In this review,
we discuss the association between the growth and metastasis (tumorigenesis) of breast cancer and
miR-126, as well as the relationship between current research advances in the prognosis, diagnosis,
and treatment of breast cancer and miR-126.
The Core Human MicroRNAs Regulated by Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Antil Neelam , Arefian Mohammad , Kandiyil Mrudula Kinarulla , Awasthi Kriti , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Raju Rajesh 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite
known to effectively modulate the host system for its survival. A large number of microRNAs
(miRNAs) regulated by different strains of T. gondii in diverse types of host cells/tissues/organs
have been reported across multiple studies.

Objective:
We aimed to decipher the complexity of T. gondii regulated spectrum of miRNAs to derive
a set of core miRNAs central to different strains of T. gondii infection in diverse human cell
lines.

Methods:
We first assembled miRNAs hat are regulated by T. gondii altered across the various assortment
of infections and time points of T. gondii infection in multiple cell types. For these assembled
datasets, we employed specific criteria to filter the core miRNAs regulated by T. gondii.
Subsequently, accounting for the spectrum of miRNA-mRNA target combinations, we applied a
novel confidence criterion to extract their core experimentally-validated mRNA targets in human
cell systems.

Results:
This analysis resulted in the extraction of 74 core differentially regulated miRNAs and
their 319 high-confidence mRNA targets. Based on these core miRNA-mRNA pairs, we derived the
central biological processes perturbed by T. gondii in diverse human cell systems. Further, our analysis
also resulted in the identification of novel autocrine/paracrine signalling factors that could be
associated with host response modulated by T. gondii.

Conclusion:
The current analysis derived a set of core miRNAs, their targets, and associated biological
processes fine-tuned by T. gondii for its survival within the invaded cells.
Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Comorbid With Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wiklund Tobias , Molander Peter , Lindner Philip , Andersson Gerhard , Gerdle Björn , Dragioti Elena 
Published: April 2022

Background
Patients with chronic pain often experience insomnia symptoms. Pain initiates, maintains, and exacerbates insomnia symptoms, and vice versa, indicating a complex situation with an additional burden for these patients. Hence, the evaluation of insomnia-related interventions for patients with chronic pain is important.

Objective
This randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (ICBT-i) for reducing insomnia severity and other sleep- and pain-related parameters in patients with chronic pain. Participants were recruited from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation.

Methods
We included 54 patients (mean age 49.3, SD 12.3 years) who were randomly assigned to the ICBT-i condition and 24 to an active control condition (applied relaxation). Both treatment conditions were delivered via the internet. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a sleep diary, and a battery of anxiety, depression, and pain-related parameter measurements were assessed at baseline, after treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up (only ISI, anxiety, depression, and pain-related parameters). For the ISI and sleep diary, we also recorded weekly measurements during the 5-week treatment. Negative effects were also monitored and reported.

Results
Results showed a significant immediate interaction effect (time by treatment) on the ISI and other sleep parameters, namely, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, early morning awakenings, and wake time after sleep onset. Participants in the applied relaxation group reported no significant immediate improvements, but both groups exhibited a time effect for anxiety and depression at the 6-month follow-up. No significant improvements on pain-related parameters were found. At the 6-month follow-up, both the ICBT-i and applied relaxation groups had similar sleep parameters. For both treatment arms, increased stress was the most frequently reported negative effect.

Conclusions
In patients with chronic pain, brief ICBT-i leads to a more rapid decline in insomnia symptoms than does applied relaxation. As these results are unique, further research is needed to investigate the effect of ICBT-i on a larger sample size of people with chronic pain. Using both treatments might lead to an even better outcome in patients with comorbid insomnia and chronic pain.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03425942; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03425942
Assessment and Prediction of Depression and Anxiety Risk Factors in Schoolchildren: Machine Learning Techniques Performance Analysis
Authors: Qasrawi Radwan , Vicuna Polo Stephanny Paola , Abu Al-Halawa Diala , Hallaq Sameh , Abdeen Ziad 
Published: April 2022

Background
Depression and anxiety symptoms in early childhood have a major effect on children’s mental health growth and cognitive development. The effect of mental health problems on cognitive development has been studied by researchers for the last 2 decades.

Objective
In this paper, we sought to use machine learning techniques to predict the risk factors associated with schoolchildren’s depression and anxiety.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 3984 students in fifth to ninth grades, aged 10-15 years, studying at public and refugee schools in the West Bank. The data were collected using the health behaviors schoolchildren questionnaire in the 2013-2014 academic year and analyzed using machine learning to predict the risk factors associated with student mental health symptoms. We used 5 machine learning techniques (random forest [RF], neural network, decision tree, support vector machine [SVM], and naive Bayes) for prediction.

Results
The results indicated that the SVM and RF models had the highest accuracy levels for depression (SVM: 92.5%; RF: 76.4%) and anxiety (SVM: 92.4%; RF: 78.6%). Thus, the SVM and RF models had the best performance in classifying and predicting the students’ depression and anxiety. The results showed that school violence and bullying, home violence, academic performance, and family income were the most important factors affecting the depression and anxiety scales.

Conclusions
Overall, machine learning proved to be an efficient tool for identifying and predicting the associated factors that influence student depression and anxiety. The machine learning techniques seem to be a good model for predicting abnormal depression and anxiety symptoms among schoolchildren, so the deployment of machine learning within the school information systems might facilitate the development of health prevention and intervention programs that will enhance students’ mental health and cognitive development.
Arbitrage power and the disappearing financialized firm
Authors: Palan Ronen , Phillips Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModern corporations have increasingly been adopting a decentred, layered, and multi-jurisdictional form as a strategy of boundary manipulation known amongst tax lawyers and accountants as ‘regulatory arbitrage’. The argument we put forward in this article is that the scholarly work that treats these strategies as mere tax avoidance practices has contributed to an underestimation and misrecognition of the way contemporary multinationals operate in markets. These strategies, which we explain in terms of arbitrage power, exploit the difference between exchanges in an imaginary ‘smooth’ market of the economic textbook and a global market that is divided among legal authorities, each imposing their own rules, regulations, and taxations. Arbitrage power exploits differences between the location of market exchange and the location of the registration of property title transfers, combining this with a manipulation of formal systems for recognizing business enterprises in order to escape some or all of the rules and regulations of society. The result is a marked difference between the ‘brochure multinational’, the way multinationals are seen and presented in their glossy brochures, and the way multinationals are legally and practically organized nowadays.
A imputação e o crime de lavagem de capitais:
Authors: Mattos Pedro Henrique 
Published: April 2022

Este artigo propõe um estudo aprofundado da viabilidade da denúncia, com foco no crime de lavagem de capitais. Diante do caráter complexo das operações de lavagem, é possível visualizar os problemas decorrentes da descrição insuficiente da conduta e da falta de corroboração empírica da hipótese acusatória. O artigo, portanto, divide-se em dois temas principais: i) a importância da descrição do enunciado fático contido na denúncia e ii) a urgência na definição de um standard de prova, com critérios lógicos e objetivos, a viabilizar o início formal do processo. A partir do estudo crítico da doutrina nacional e estrangeira relacionada ao tema, além da análise de precedentes dos tribunais superiores, demonstra-se como deve ser descrito o enunciado fático contido na inicial e qual nível de suporte probatório (standard) confere legitimidade à atividade processual. A decisão de recebimento da denúncia constitui importante filtro contra acusações infundadas, e, assim, deve ser devidamente motivada pelo julgador. Nesse contexto, o trabalho apresenta, por fim, uma proposta de alteração legislativa capaz de garantir maior controle e racionalidade para a decisão de recebimento da denúncia, tornando a submissão do indivíduo ao processo criminal justa e legítima.
Uso del algoritmo COMPAS en el proceso penal y los riesgos a los derechos humanos
Authors: Roa Avella Marcela del Pilar , Sanabria-Moyano Jesús E , Dinas-Hurtado Katherin 
Published: April 2022

En la actividad policial, administración de justicia y procesos penales, se han empezado a utilizar diversos algoritmos predictivos de riesgo, los cuales aportan celeridad en la toma de decisiones. Han surgido controversias acerca de su aplicación, debido a ciertas variables subjetivas ponderadas, lo que implicaría una posible vulneración para los derechos humanos. En el presente artículo se describen los principales algoritmos predictivos de riesgo, haciendo énfasis en el algoritmo COMPAS y se determinan los impactos a los derechos humanos derivados de su uso. El método utilizado es deductivo-inductivo, partiendo de un análisis documental para describir el funcionamiento de los algoritmos y un proceso inductivo para determinar si se garantizan los derechos humanos con su utilización. Los resultados indican que en efecto sí hay riesgos cuando se utilizan estos sistemas inteligentes predictivos, los cuales son derivados de la falta de transparencia de la arquitectura del algoritmo y de la presencia de sesgos. Lo anterior impediría identificar el proceso por el cual se llega a la calificación de nivel de riesgo, de un lado, y de otro, una aplicación objetiva de la evaluación; lo que pondría en riesgo derechos como el debido proceso, la libertad personal y no discriminación, entre otros.
Encarceramento provisório na pandemia do coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2) na jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça:
Authors: Ryu Daiana Santos 
Published: April 2022

Considerando-se o contexto pandêmico e a necessidade de adoção de políticas de enfrentamento à disseminação do coronavírus no cárcere, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça editou a Recomendação nº 62/2020. Entre as medidas ali descritas, está a recomendação aos/às magistrados/as que observem, com maior rigor, a excepcionalidade da prisão preventiva. Diante de tal quadro, o presente estudo visa analisar a aplicação de tal recomendação pelo Poder Judiciário neste contexto pandêmico. Para tanto, são analisadas decisões proferidas pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça, no período de 01.01.2021 a 01.07.2021, visando-se responder à seguinte pergunta: nos tempos pandemia, a prisão preventiva tem sido tratada como ultima ratio pelo STJ? Diante dos dados apresentados pela pesquisa empírica aqui trazida, conclui-se que, na realidade, a política carcerária proposta pelo CNJ não tem sido observada, tendo sido verificada sua relativização por tal Tribunal Superior até mesmo nos casos em que, em tese, caberia a aplicação de medidas cautelares menos gravosas.
La corrección de condenas erróneas en el ámbito comparado
Authors: Duce Julio Mauricio 
Published: April 2022

En un contexto en el que existe creciente evidencia que las condenas erróneas son un fenómeno habitual en el funcionamiento de los sistemas de justicia penal contemporáneos y que el mecanismo principal de corrección en Chile (recurso de revisión) no prestaría cobertura adecuada, el presente trabajo da cuenta de una investigación para conocer fórmulas diversas de encarar el problema de la corrección de condenas erróneas en el ámbito comparado. Debido a la enormidad de arreglos institucionales existentes, el trabajo se focalizará en dos. En primer lugar, analizará un caso en el cual la regulación de la revisión ha sido objeto de evolución y cambios legislativos significativos que la han alejado del modelo histórico, especialmente al ampliar sus hipótesis de procedencia (España). El segundo grupo de mecanismos que será objeto de estudio será el de las “Comisiones revisoras de casos”, órganos estatales independientes cuyo propósito es investigar y evaluar solicitudes de personas que reclaman haber sido erróneamente condenadas y cuyo foco estará en la Criminal Case Review Commission de Inglaterra, Gales e Irlanda del Norte.
Penelitian Tafsir dan Pendekatan Kualitatif
Authors: Fauzi Fauzi 
Published: April 2022

This article aims to analyze the interpretation research and the approaching model it uses. Data collection techniques using documentation. The result of the research is that most of the research on the interpretation of the Qur'an is carried out with a qualitative approach by emphasizing the ability and competence of researchers to analyze existing data. Data collection includes documentation techniques. The development of al-Qur'an research and interpretation today also leads to how to examine texts that live in a society whose data collection techniques are addition to documentation, as well as observation and interviews. Interpretation researchers are required to continue to develop themselves to understand aspects of the interpretation methodology related to sources, methods, and perspectives. The current approach is also continuously enriched so that it is able to provide analysis in interpretation research in order to make a contribution of knowledge for the development of science and knowledge. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis penelitian tafsir dan model pendekatan yang digunakannya. Teknik pengumpulan data mengunakan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitiannya adalah penelitian tafsir al-Qur’an banyak dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menekannya kemampuan dan kompetensi peneliti untuk menganalisis data-data yang ada. Pengumpulan data di antaranya dengan dilakukan teknik dokumentasi. Perkembangan penelitian al-Qur’an dan tafsir dewasa ini juga mengarah bagaimana meneliti teks-teks yang hidup dalam masyarakat yang teknik pengumpulan datanya di samping dokumentasi, juga observasi dan wawancara. Peneliti tafsir dituntut untuk terus mengembangkan diri untuk memahami aspek metodologi tafsir baik terkait sumber, metode maupun perspektifnya. Pendekatan kekinian juga terus diperkaya agar mampu memberikan analisis dalam penelitian tafsir agar memberikan contribution of knowledge bagi pengembangan ilmu dan pengetahuan.
Por uma educação antirracista
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz , Da Silva Andrade Suelen , Herrera Contreras Humberto Silvano 
Published: April 2022

O racismo é um fato contundente no Brasil que ocorre de maneira estrutural afetando inclusive o ambiente educacional, sendo dever de todos combatê-lo. A pesquisa apresenta uma reflexão sobre como combater o racismo no ambiente escolar por meio da implementação de um currículo crítico na perspectiva da interculturalidade. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, de alcance exploratória e apoia-se em estudos bibliográficos e documentais. O primeiro capítulo explicita o racismo e suas vertentes. O segundo capítulo descreve as políticas públicas no âmbito da educação bem como as normas e diretrizes relacionadas à questão. O terceiro discorre sobre a implementação de um currículo crítico na perspectiva da interculturalidade além dos pontos necessários para a efetivação de uma educação antirracista. O estudo aponta a necessidade da formação inicial e continuada de docentes atentar-se a esta problemática. Por fim, infere a indispensabilidade da concretização da Lei nº 10.639/03 no ambiente escolar e da responsabilidade do poder público para tal.
Palavras-chave: Interculturalidade. Currículo. Educação antirracista.
The Problem of a Beginning: Israel's Scriptures in Luke 1–2
Authors: GREEN JOEL B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA narratological study of Luke 1–2, focusing above all on an examination of the plethora of echoes of the Abrahamic story of Genesis, leads to the conclusion that the "beginning" of Luke-Acts can be located only in God's purpose as articulated in the Scriptures of Israel; at this point at least, the framework with which Luke is working is not "promise-fulfillment," but rather a self-conscious continuation of the redemptive story.