bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Printed Kirigami Organic Photovoltaics for Efficient Solar Tracking
Authors: Li Yaxing , Chang Kai , Chang Jingyu , Yu Boyang , Liu Linna , Liu Bingyang , Zhao Xinyan , Deng Weiwei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe rapid surge in the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) calls for a simple and efficient solar tracking strategy to maintain normal incidence of light and fully use the solar energy. Here this study proposes a new solar tracking approach based on kirigami by taking the advantage of the paper‐like OPVs made on flexible substrates. The kirigami pattern is judicially designed to form three separate regions of beams, hinges, and devices. The stretching force is applied to beams, which cause out‐of‐plane deformation of the hinges, rotating the device connected to the hinges and maintaining nearly 100% optical coupling efficiency. Electrospray is used to print active layers on the pre‐cut kirigami substrates. The all‐printed kirigami OPVs achieve the highest PCE of 14.15%. Large‐area kirigami OPVs (0.62 cm2) demonstrate PCEs up to 10.19%. The kirigami OPVs are mechanically robust, showing no appreciable decrease in performance after a 20 000‐cycle stretching. This kirigami structure provides possibilities to customize the shapes of the device region to achieve more functions such as ventilation and decoration. The kirigami OPVs show satisfactory PCEs, effective solar tracking and versatile design possibilities, powerfully demonstrating the thin, light and flexible feature of OPVs.
Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Rational Molecular Design and Device Engineering
Authors: Mamada Masashi , Katagiri Hiroshi , Chan Chin‐Yiu , Lee Yi‐Ting , Goushi Kenichi , Nakanotani Hajime , Hatakeyama Takuji , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is increasing interest in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in materials, and to understand its mechanism in the excited state dynamics. Recent challenges include color purity, efficient deep‐blue emission, fast exciton decay lifetimes, high reverse intersystem crossing rates (kRISC), low‐efficiency roll‐off in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), and long device lifetimes. Here, a series of compounds having benzonitrile and carbazole rings are examined, that provide a detailed understanding of the excited states, and a guideline for high‐performance TADF. A dense alignment of the excited states with several different characters within a small energy range results in high kRISC of >2 × 106 s−1, while maintaining radiative rate constants (kr) >107 s−1. OLEDs based on the optimum compound exhibit a low‐efficiency roll‐off and a CIEy (y color coordinate of Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage) <0.4. TADF‐assisted fluorescence (TAF) OLED exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.4% with CIE coordinates (0.13,0.15). This work also provides insights for device engineering and molecular designs.
Bioengineered 3D Living Fibers as In Vitro Human Tissue Models of Tendon Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Calejo Isabel , Labrador‐Rached Claudia J. , Gomez‐Florit Manuel , Docheva Denitsa , Reis Rui L. , Domingues Rui M. A. , Gomes Manuela E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClinically relevant in vitro models of human tissue's health and disease are urgently needed for a better understanding of biological mechanisms essential for the development of novel therapies. Herein, physiological (healthy) and pathological (disease) tendon states are bioengineered by coupling the biological signaling of platelet lysate components with controlled 3D architectures of electrospun microfibers to drive the fate of human tendon cells in different composite living fibers (CLFs). In the CLFs‐healthy model, tendon cells adopt a high cytoskeleton alignment and elongation, express tendon‐related markers (scleraxis, tenomodulin, and mohawk) and deposit a dense tenogenic matrix. In contrast, cell crowding with low preferential orientation, high matrix deposition, and phenotypic drift leading to increased expression of nontendon related and fibrotic markers, are characteristics of the CLFs‐diseased model. This diseased‐like profile, also reflected in the increase of COL3/COL1 ratio, is further evident by the imbalance between matrix remodeling and degradation effectors, characteristic of tendinopathy. In summary, microengineered 3D in vitro models of human tendon healthy and diseased states are successfully fabricated. Most importantly, these innovative and versatile microphysiological models offer major advantages over currently used systems, holding promise for drugs screening and development of new therapies.
Low Temperature Heating of Silver‐Mediated Exfoliation of MoS2
Authors: Heyl Max , Grützmacher Sarah , Rühl Steffen , Ligorio Giovanni , Koch Norbert , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe need for high‐quality large‐scale monolayers of layered materials pushes the development of scalable gold‐mediated exfoliations. Gold proves to be a suitable adhesive for exfoliation of several 2D materials. However, the extension to other noble metals remains underwhelming as gold outperforms all previously studied metals by a large margin. This is attributed to compromised stability against oxidation and surface contamination of less noble metals, leading to nonideal interfaces for exfoliation. The closest competitor to gold is silver, where gold still leads by a factor 100 regarding exfoliated layer size. In this work, a silver‐mediated exfoliation process performing on par with gold is presented. The combination of freshly cleaved silver surfaces with a low‐temperature annealing is found to be crucial. The exfoliation yield shows a dependence with annealing temperature, leading to loss in exfoliation performance for higher temperature. Raman studies indicate inhomogeneous strain for the MoS2/Ag interface at these temperatures, which hints at the competing factors of thermal activation versus oxidation of silver. Finally, a transfer process is implemented to promote silver to a fully functional exfoliation substrate. Ultimately, heating up exfoliations tips the strict balance between interfacial interactions and surface contaminations toward robust high monolayer yield exfoliation as demonstrated for silver.
Robust Flexo‐Catalysis in Centrosymmetric Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wen Xinrong , Wang Yang , Jia Yanmin , Wang Feifei , Yuan Guoliang , Wang Yaojin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFlexoelectricity has trigged emergent phenomena and functionalities, such as flexo‐resistance, flexo‐photovoltaic, photo‐flexoelectric, flexo‐electronics and so on. Analogous to piezocatalysis, the flexoelectric effect can provide a novel mechanism to enhance the sonochemical redox reactions. Here, by extending flexoelectricity to electrochemical functionality, an unprecedented phenomenon is demonstrated of flexo‐catalysis effect in centrosymmetric nanoparticles to degrade organic dyes. Simulations have been performed to elucidate the bubble cavitation induced strain gradients and polarization variation, and in turn the flexoelectricity induced reactive species have been verified by trapping experiment. The flexo‐catalytic results show that more than 92.2% of Rhodamine B can be degraded at a rate of ≈k = 0.6 h−1. This finding not only suggests a new strategy to generate the flexoelectric effect, but also opens up the possibility to extend existing catalytic techniques.
Direct Writing of Shape‐Gradient Magnetic Alloy Microwire Arrays with Meniscus‐Confined Electrodeposition Process
Authors: Nie Weiye , Lei Yu , Zhang Yifan , Gao Qingqing , Chen Jiangang , Zhang Xianyun , Yuan Lifeng , Cheng Yuchuan , Sun Aihua , Wang Gang , Xu Gaojie , Guo Jianjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGradient magnetic micro/nanowire arrays have attracted widespread attention due to their interesting properties. However, fabricating such an ordered array of gradient micro/nanowires with controllable diameters and compositions is still a great challenge to most of the current methods. Here, meniscus‐confined electrodeposition (MCED) technique is adopted for the rapid prototyping of the shape‐gradient magnetic Cu/Co‐alloy microwire arrays by adjusting the printing speed continuously, which provides a novel idea for the preparation and performance research of shape‐gradient magnetic alloy microwire arrays with well‐defined structures. It is found that the key to fabricating controllable gradient alloy micro/nano structures by increasing the printing speed is to continuously stretch the meniscus within the stable range of the meniscus. In the range of incremental speed in this study, the shape‐gradient magnetic alloy wires with stable and uniform compositions and dense internal structures can be successfully prepared, and the gradient ratio can be adjusted from 0 to about 0.025. Compared with the uniform‐diameter array, the shape‐gradient magnetic alloy array shows an improvement in remanence and coercive force.
Functional Tumor Targeting Nano‐Systems for Reprogramming Circulating Tumor Cells with In Situ Evaluation on Therapeutic Efficiency at the Single‐Cell Level
Authors: Ren Xiao‐He , He Xiao‐Yan , Xu Chang , Han Di , Cheng Si‐Xue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTumor heterogeneity is primarily responsible for treatment resistance and cancer relapses. Being critically important to address this issue, the timely evaluation of the appropriateness of therapeutic actions at the single‐cell level is still facing challenges. By using multi‐functionalized nano‐systems with the delivery vector composed of histone for plasmids loading, hyaluronic acid for tumor targeting, and a fusion peptide for C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4） targeting as well as nuclear localization, the reprogramming of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with in situ detection on biomarkers at the single‐cell level is realized. By efficient co‐delivery of the genome editing plasmid for CXCR4 knockout and molecular beacons for detection of upregulated mRNA biomarkers into CTCs in unprocessed whole blood, the therapeutic outcomes of genome editing at the single‐cell level can be in situ evaluated. The single‐cell analysis shows that CXCR4 in CTCs of cancer patients is efficiently downregulated, resulting in upregulated anticancer biomarkers such as p53 and p21. The study provides a facile strategy for in‐depth profiling of cancer cell responses to therapeutic actions at single‐cell resolution to evaluate the outcomes of treatments timely and conveniently.
Emergent Multifunctional Magnetic Proximity in van der Waals Layered Heterostructures
Authors: Choi Eun‐Mi , Sim Kyung Ik , Burch Kenneth S. , Lee Young Hee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProximity effect, which is the coupling between distinct order parameters across interfaces of heterostructures, has attracted immense interest owing to the customizable multifunctionalities of diverse 3D materials. This facilitates various physical phenomena, such as spin order, charge transfer, spin torque, spin density wave, spin current, skyrmions, and Majorana fermions. These exotic physics play important roles for future spintronic applications. Nevertheless, several fundamental challenges remain for effective applications: unavoidable disorder and lattice mismatch limits in the growth process, short characteristic length of proximity, magnetic fluctuation in ultrathin films, and relatively weak spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Meanwhile, the extensive library of atomically thin, 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, with unique characteristics such as strong SOC, magnetic anisotropy, and ultraclean surfaces, offers many opportunities to tailor versatile and more effective functionalities through proximity effects. Here, this paper focuses on magnetic proximity, i.e., proximitized magnetism and reviews the engineering of magnetism‐related functionalities in 2D vdW layered heterostructures for next‐generation electronic and spintronic devices. The essential factors of magnetism and interfacial engineering induced by magnetic layers are studied. The current limitations and future challenges associated with magnetic proximity‐related physics phenomena in 2D heterostructures are further discussed.
Micro‐Gel Ensembles for Accelerated Healing of Chronic Wound via pH Regulation
Authors: Cui Tingting , Yu Jiafei , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su , Li Qing , Guo Kun , Qing Renkun , Wang Gefei , Ren Jianan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pH value in the wound milieu plays a key role in cellular processes and cell cycle processes involved in the process of wound healing. Here, a microfluidic assembly technique is employed to fabricate micro‐gel ensembles that can precisely tune the pH value of wound surface and accelerate wound healing. The micro‐gel ensembles consist of poly (hydroxypropyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid)‐magnesium ions (poly‐(HPA‐co‐AA)‐Mg2+) gel and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) gel, which can release and absorb hydrogen ion (H+) separately at different stages of healing in response to the evolution of wound microenvironment. By regulating the wound pH to affect the proliferation and migration of cell on the wound and the activity of various biological factors in the wound, the physiological processes are greatly facilitated which results in much accelerated healing of chronic wound. This work presents an effective strategy in designing wound healing materials with vast potentials for chronic wound management.
Perovskite‐Gallium Nitride Tandem Light‐Emitting Diodes with Improved Luminance and Color Tunability
Authors: Li Zong‐Tao , Zhang Hong‐Wei , Li Jia‐Sheng , Cao Kai , Chen Ziming , Xu Liang , Ding Xin‐Rui , Yu Bin‐Hai , Tang Yong , Ou Jian‐Zhen , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Yip Hin‐Lap 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTandem structures with different subpixels are promising for perovskite‐based multicolor electroluminescence (EL) devices in ultra‐high‐resolution full‐color displays; however, realizing excellent luminance‐ and color‐independent tunability considering the low brightness and stability of blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) remains a challenge. Herein, a bright and stable blue gallium nitride (GaN) LED is utilized for vertical integration with a green MAPbBr3 PeLED, successfully achieving a Pe‐GaN tandem LED with independently tunable luminance and color. The electronic and photonic co‐excitation (EPCE) effect is found to suppress the radiative recombination and current injection of PeLEDs, leading to degraded luminance and current efficiency under direct current modulation. Accordingly, the pulse‐width modulation is introduced to the tandem device with a negligible EPCE effect, and the average hybrid current efficiency is significantly improved by 139.5%, finally achieving a record tunable luminance (average tuning range of 16631 cd m−2 at an arbitrary color from blue to green) for perovskite‐based multi‐color LEDs. The reported excellent independent tunability can be the starting point for perovskite‐based multicolor EL devices, enabling the combination with matured semiconductor technologies to facilitate their commercialization in advanced display applications with ultra‐high resolution.
Evolution of selfing syndrome and its influence on genetic diversity and inbreeding: A range‐wide study in Oenothera primiveris
Authors: Cisternas‐Fuentes Anita , Jogesh Tania , Broadhead Geoffrey T. , Raguso Robert A. , Skogen Krissa A. , Fant Jeremie B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPremiseTo avoid inbreeding depression, plants have evolved diverse breeding systems to favor outcrossing, such as self‐incompatibility. However, changes in biotic and abiotic conditions can result in selective pressures that lead to a breakdown in self‐incompatibility. The shift to increased selfing is commonly associated with reduced floral features, lower attractiveness to pollinators, and increased inbreeding. We tested the hypothesis that the loss of self‐incompatibility, a shift to self‐fertilization (autogamy), and concomitant evolution of the selfing syndrome (reduction in floral traits associated with cross‐fertilization) will lead to increased inbreeding and population differentiation in Oenothera primiveris. Across its range, this species exhibits a shift in its breeding system and floral traits from a self‐incompatible population with large flowers to self‐compatible populations with smaller flowers.MethodsWe conducted a breeding system assessment, evaluated floral traits in the field and under controlled conditions, and measured population genetic parameters using RADseq data.ResultsOur results reveal a bimodal transition to the selfing syndrome from the west to the east of the range of O. primiveris. This shift includes variation in the breeding system and the mating system, a reduction in floral traits (flower diameter, herkogamy, and scent production), a shift to greater autogamy, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding.ConclusionsThe observed variation highlights the importance of range‐wide studies to understand breeding system variation and the evolution of the selfing syndrome within populations and species.
First reported cases with Xia‐Gibbs syndrome from India harboring novel variants in AHDC1
Authors: Danda Sumita , Datar Chaitanya , Kher Archana , Deshpande Tanmay , Thomas Maya Mary , Oommen Samuel P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report here two girls from different Indian families identified with novel variants in the AT Hook DNA Binding Motif Containing 1 gene (AHDC1) causing Xia‐Gibbs syndrome. The diagnosis was made by clinical exome in both cases. Inconsistent dysmorphic features such as dolichocephaly in the first patient and brachycephaly in the second were observed. Prominent jaw and gelastic seizures were other features of patient 1. Thus, this syndrome, with developmental delay, poor expressive language and overlapping clinical phenotype requires the utility of next generation sequencing for diagnostic confirmation.
Parkinson's Disease Derived Exosomes Aggravate Neuropathology in SNCA*A53T Mice
Authors: Huang Yang , Liu Zongran , Li Na , Tian Chen , Yang Han , Huo Yanfei , Li Yang , Zhang Jing , Yu Zhenwei 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveAccumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in neurons is a prominent feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, researchers have considered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in protein exportation and propagation, and α‐syn‐containing EVs derived from the central nervous system (CNS) have been detected in peripheral blood. However, mechanistic insights into CNS‐derived EVs have not been well‐described.MethodsLikely neurogenic EVs were purified from the plasma of PD patients and healthy controls using a well‐established immunoprecipitation assay with anti‐L1CAM‐coated beads. A Prnp‐SNCAA53T transgenic PD mouse model was used to evaluate the neuronal pathology induced by PD‐derived L1CAM‐purified EVs. EV‐associated microRNA (miRNA) profiling was used to screen for altered miRNAs in PD‐derived L1CAM‐purified EVs.ResultsPD patient‐derived L1CAM‐purified (likely neurogenic) EVs facilitated α‐syn pathology and neuron loss in Prnp‐SNCAA53T transgenic PD mice. The miRNA, novel_miR_44438, was significantly increased in the PD group, which promoted α‐syn accumulation and neuronal degeneration in a dose‐dependent manner. Novel _miR_44438 directly targets NDST1 mRNA and inhibits the function of heparan sulfate, thus preventing exosome biogenesis and α‐syn release from exosomes.InterpretationNovel_miR_44438 in PD‐derived L1CAM‐purified EVs inhibits the α‐syn efflux from neurons thereby promoting the pathological accumulation and aggregation of α‐syn. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:230–245
Impact of denticity of chromone/chromene thiosemicarbazones in the ruthenium(II)‐DMSO complexes on their cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells
Authors: Balakrishnan Nithya , Haribabu Jebiti , Dharmasivam Mahendiran , Swaminathan Srividya , Karvembu Ramasamy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDenticity plays a prominent role in the cytotoxicity of metal complexes. The impact of ligand denticity of chromone/chromene thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) in the Ru(II)‐DMSO complexes on the cytotoxicity of cancer cells was evaluated. Ru(II)‐DMSO complex containing tridentate chromone TSC (D1) exhibited better in vitro anticancer activity than the one with bidentate chromene TSC (D2). Using the optimized structures of the complexes, the reason behind the same was attributed to the thermodynamically stable nature of the tridentate system. Hydrolysis study of the complexes showed the kinetically labile nature of the chloride ligand in the tridentate species with respect to the bidentate counterpart. The selective cytotoxicity of complex D1 against breast cancer cells and its less toxicity against normal cells demonstrated the effective anticancer potential of the complex. Further, the binding efficacy of the complexes against DNA and BSA, along with imaging and flow cytometry experiments, warranted the effective cell death induced by the complexes against breast cancer cells via apoptosis.
Effect of carbon nanotube location and dispersed phase on the dielectric properties of polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanodielectrics
Authors: de Carvalho Diego , Becker Daniela , Dalmolin Carla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effect of carbon nanotube location and dispersed phase on the dielectric properties of nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene (PP/HDPE) blends was investigated. Different compatibilizers styrene‐ethylene‐buthylene‐styrene copolymer (SEBS), ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐methylene rubber (EPDM), and ethylene‐propylene copolymer (EP) were used. In order to obtain a smaller HDPE phase, 0.1%(w/w) of CNT was added to a PP/HDPE (90/10) blend with 3%(w/w) of compatibilizer. Samples were processed in a twin‐screw extruder with a controlled sequential mixing based on thermodynamic (using the wetting parameter, ) and kinetic parameters (such as melting temperature and melting flow indices). FESEM images show the formation of nanoblends for all compositions, with a dispersed morphology with HDPE droplets with a diameter of about 100 nm (measured with ImageJ© software) inside the PP matrix, and TEM images show the CNTs present in both phases. However, compatibilizers seemed to expel the nanoparticles from the dispersed phase, which may have contributed to a reduction of the dielectric constant of the CNT nanocomposites. Dielectric properties were evaluated through Impedance Spectroscopy, showing that CNTs contribute to the interfacial polarization and constant dielectric rise from 3.15@1 Hz (without CNTs) to 16.91@1 Hz (with CNTs, but no compatibilizer).