bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Optical Imaging of In‐Plane Anisotropy in Two‐Dimensional SnS
Authors: Maragkakis George Miltos , Psilodimitrakopoulos Sotiris , Mouchliadis Leonidas , Sarkar Abdus Salam , Lemonis Andreas , Kioseoglou George , Stratakis Emmanuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) tin(II) sulfide (SnS) crystals belong to a class of orthorhombic semiconducting materials with remarkable properties, such as in‐plane anisotropic optical and electronic response, and multiferroic nature. The 2D SnS crystals exhibit anisotropic response along the in‐plane armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) crystallographic directions, offering an additional degree of freedom in manipulating their behavior. Here, advantage of the lack of inversion symmetry of the 2D SnS crystal, that produces second harmonic generation (SHG), is taken to perform polarization‐resolved SHG (P‐SHG) nonlinear imaging of the in‐plane anisotropy. The P‐SHG experimental data are fitted with a nonlinear optics model, allowing to calculate the AC/ZZ orientation from every point of the 2D crystal and to map with high resolution the AC/ZZ direction of several 2D SnS flakes belonging in the same field of view. It is found that the P‐SHG intensity polar patterns are associated with the crystallographic axes of the flakes and with the relative strength of the second‐order nonlinear susceptibility tensor in different directions. Therefore, the method provides quantitative information of the optical in‐plane anisotropy of orthorhombic 2D crystals, offering great promise for performance characterization during device operation in the emerging optoelectronic applications of such crystals.
Single Bi3+ Ultrabroadband White Luminescence in Double Perovskite via Crystal Lattice Engineering toward Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Wu Sheng , Liu Quan , Xiong Puxian , Chen Weiwei , Dong Quan , Chen Dongdan , Wang Dong , Zhang Guoxing , Chen Yan , Li Guogang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSingle‐phase white luminescence phosphors are emerging for potential phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (pc‐WLEDs) and alternatives to trichromatic phosphor blends. In this work, Ba2ZnWO6:Bi3+ phosphors are prepared by a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method and the luminescent properties are investigated. The broadband excitation from 250 to 400 nm is perfectly matched with the emission of nearly ultraviolet (n‐UV) InGaN chip, which ultrabroadband emission band (full width at half maximum = 217 nm) can cover a wider luminescence region. Li+/Na+/K+ codoping is more desirable for the ultrabroadband emission of Ba2ZnWO6:0.006Bi3+ due to the charge compensation and rationally designed lattice distortion while improving the thermal stability of the phosphor. Furthermore, tunable emissions can be achieved either by changing the content of doped ions or the excitation wavelength due to the different occupation of Ba2+ and Zn2+ sites by Bi3+ ions. Finally, single‐phase warm WLED ((x, y) = (0.4170, 0.4035)) devices with a correlated color temperature of 3329 K and color rendering index of Ra = 75.3 are successfully prepared using Ba2ZnWO6:0.006Bi3+, 0.03Na+ phosphor, and 365 nm InGaN chips. These results indicate that Ba2ZnWO6:Bi3+ has excellent potential as phosphor for n‐UV pc‐WLEDs and provides new ideas for the application of ultrabroadband emitting phosphors in WLEDs.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS): Real‐world data on outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Gozzetti Alessandro , Guarnieri Andrea , Zamagni Elena , Zakharova Elena , Coriu Daniel , Bittrich Max , Pika Tomáš , Tovar Natalia , Schutz Natalia , Ciofini Sara , Peña Camila , Rocchi Serena , Rassner Michael , Avivi Irit , Waszczuk‐Gajda Anna , Chhabra Saurabh , Usnarska‐Zubkiewicz Lidia , González‐Calle Verónica , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Bocchia Monica , Bigi Flavia , Füllgraf Hannah , Bhasin‐Chhabra Bhavna , Gentile Massimo , Davila Julio , Vesole David H. , Cavo Michele , Thapa Bicky , Crusoe Edvan , Einsele Hermann , Legiec Wojciech , Charliński Grzegorz , Jurczyszyn Artur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) is a recognized clinical entity. Literature regarding treatment and its outcomes in MGRS is sparse due to the rarity and misdiagnosis of MGRS. We retrospectively analyzed 280 adults with an MGRS diagnosis from 2003 to 2020 across 19 clinical centers from 12 countries. All cases required renal biopsy for the pathological diagnosis of MGRS. Amyloidosis‐related to MGRS (MGRS‐A) was present in 180 patients; nonamyloidosis MGRS (MGRS‐NA), including a broad spectrum of renal pathologies, was diagnosed in 100 patients. The median overall survival in the studied cohort was 121.0 months (95% CI: 105.0–121.0). Patients with MGRS‐A had a shorter overall survival than patients with MGRS‐NA (HR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.25–0.69; p = 0.0007). Both hematologic and renal responses were associated with longer survival. Achievement of ≥VGPR was generally predictive of a renal response (OR = 8.03 95%CI: 4.04–115.96; p < 0.0001), one‐fourth of patients with ≥VGPR were renal nonresponders. In MGRS‐A, factors associated with poor prognosis included elevated levels of creatinine, beta‐2‐microglobulin, and hemodialysis at diagnosis. In MGRS‐NA, only age >65 years was associated with increased risk of death. Treatments provided similar hematologic response rates in both types of MGRS. Autologous stem cell transplantation led to better response than other treatments. This multicenter and international effort is currently the largest report on MGRS.
Visible‐Light Induced Ipso‐Difluoromethylation of N‐Arylpropiolamides to Synthesize 3‐Difluoromethyl Spiro[4.5]trienones
Authors: Zhou Ting , Liu Ruiyue , Wang Xiuxiu , Rui Mingyang , Zhao Xia , Lu Kui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA visible light‐induced radical ipso‐difluoromethylation of N‐arylpropiolamides to synthesize 3‐difluoromethyl spiro[4.5]trienones was developed for the first time. In this transformation PhI(O2CCHF2)2 was used as difluoromethylation reagent and PhI(OAc)2 was employed as oxidant. Due to the cheap and readily accessible reagents and oxidant as well as the mild reaction conditions, this method is as an efficient and practical strategy for the synthesis of difluoromethyl‐substituted spiro[4.5]trienones.
Urine washing in urban robust capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.): The relation with visitors
Authors: Reyes Patricio D. , Baldovino María Celia , Aguiar Lucas M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn primates, urine washing (UW) is a behavior in which individuals intentionally deposit urine on their bodies. Social and nonsocial hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adaptive function of this behavior. For capuchins, different functions have been assigned for UW, suggesting it as a flexible behavior, but studies have been mainly in captivity. However, no investigations have been performed in urban environments, where these animals can modify their behavior. Our goal was to study UW in a semi‐provisioned group of an introduced unknown robust capuchin species (Sapajus sp.) living in a tiny urban fragment in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, where they have contact with humans. We assessed the influence of social (sexual, agonistic, and anointing behaviors) and environmental (temperature, relative air humidity, height of the monkeys in the trees, number of people present in the fragment, and human‐monkey interactions) variables, the influence of behavior before and after UW, and the influence of sex‐age classes, on the frequency of UW. We observed 75 records of UW in 300 h of observations, where urine was mostly deposited on hands and passed on to feet (95%). There were no significant differences in the frequency of the behavior between sex‐age classes nor in the behaviors before and after UW. Around 50% of UW took place in the late morning and we found no correlation between UW and temperature, relative air humidity, nor the heights of the monkeys in the trees. However, we found a significant association between UW and the daily number of people in the fragment, but not between UW and human‐monkey interactions, anointing, agonisms, and sexual behavior. Our study increases the scope of UW flexibility by identifying the presence of visitors affecting the occurrence of this behavior. We discussed different possibilities through which people could influence the capuchins to display UW.
Neighborhood disadvantage and dementia incidence in a cohort of Asian American and non‐Latino White older adults in Northern California
Authors: Mobley Taylor M. , Shaw Crystal , Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , Fong Joseph , Gilsanz Paola , Gee Gilbert C. , Brookmeyer Ron , Whitmer Rachel A. , Casey Joan A. , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSome evidence suggests that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with dementia‐related outcomes. However, prior research is predominantly among non‐Latino Whites.MethodsWe evaluated the association between neighborhood disadvantage (Area Deprivation Index [ADI]) and dementia incidence in Asian American (n = 18,103) and non‐Latino White (n = 149,385) members of a Northern California integrated health care delivery system aged 60 to 89 at baseline. Race/ethnicity‐specific Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for individual‐level age, sex, socioeconomic measures, and block group population density estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia.ResultsAmong non‐Latino Whites, ADI was associated with dementia incidence (most vs. least disadvantaged ADI quintile HR = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.15). Among Asian Americans, associations were close to null (e.g., most vs. least disadvantaged ADI quintile HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.85–1.21).DiscussionADI was associated with dementia incidence among non‐Latino Whites but not Asian Americans. Understanding the potentially different mechanisms driving dementia incidence in these groups could inform dementia prevention efforts.
Medical students' perceptions of emergency medical care before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Uejima Toshifumi , Ota Ikuo , Hamaguchi Mitsuhide , Shigeoka Hironori , Kurita Takashi , Hiraide Atsushi 
Published: April 2022

AimUnderstanding how medical students perceive emergency medical care is important in promoting education and recruitment in the field of emergency medicine. This study aimed to clarify the perceptions of undergraduate medical students on emergency medical care with a focus on comparing their perceptions before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsFourth‐year undergraduate medical students were invited to complete a self‐administered questionnaire in 2017 and 2020. Free comments on emergency medical care were analyzed via text mining. The relationships among categorical words were evaluated via correlation matrix and correspondence analysis.ResultsThe number of written words per student were not significantly different between 2017 (4.9 ± 3.4) and 2020 (5.3 ± 4.1). In 2017, the most frequently used word was “busy,” and the words “patients,” “life,” and “care” were not related to each other significantly. In 2020, the frequency of the word “busy” decreased and the word “patients” was related to “life” (P < 0.01) and “care” (P < 0.01). In the correspondence analysis, seven words including “life” and “care” were associated with “patients,” which demonstrates that these words tended to occur together.ConclusionsAlthough the responses of the medical students regarding emergency medical care before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic included similar words, their expressions tended to be related to patient care or patient life during the pandemic. This change in perception might cultivate a sense of mission and responsibility and an interest in emergency medical care among medical students.
Complex–Real Transformation of Eigenenergies and Topological Edge States in Square‐Root Non‐Hermitian Topolectrical Circuits
Authors: Zhang Ruo‐Long , Wu Qing‐Ping , Liu Mei‐Rong , Xiao Xian‐Bo , Liu Zheng‐Fang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe physical properties of the unconventional complex–real transformation of eigenenergies which is manifested by the multiple degenerate plat bulk bands in the energy spectrum and the topological properties characterized by robust edge states are investigated in the square‐root non‐Hermitian topolectrical circuits. Such a flat bulk band captures all the imaginary eigenenergies of the system, which also determines its destiny as an indicator of complex–real transformation. In addition, its degeneracy is twice the number of unit cells and its possible generation mechanism has also been explored. The existence of robust topological edge states with non‐zero real energy is hinted by a strong impedance resonance peak displayed on the boundary in a modified disordered circuit system. The non‐Bloch theorem is introduced to renovate the broken bulk‐boundary correspondence confirmed by theoretical analysis and numerical calculations. Finally, the entire phase diagram of the system is presented to perfectly show all the intriguing physics. This work further enriches the study of physical characteristics and other exotic topological phenomena on an accessible electronic circuit platform.
Chiral Discrimination via Shortcuts to Adiabaticity and Optimal Control
Authors: Ding Wei‐Wei , Kang Yi‐Hao , Liu Yang , Song Jie , Huang Bi‐Hua , Xia Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA protocol to distinguish chiral molecules with the help of a cyclic three‐level structure is proposed. Non‐resonant microwave pules are applied to drive the transition of chiral molecules from their ground states to dressed‐states with different eigenenergies, which induce a large energy split in the levels of left‐handed molecules. This dynamics helps to realize a chirality‐selective transition, where only the right‐handed molecules can be excited to the higher levels. By utilizing the SU(2)‐transformation‐based shortcuts to adiabaticity method and the systematic‐error‐sensitivity nullified optimal control method, systematic‐error‐resistant control pulses to realize maximal population difference between molecules with different chirality are designed. Numerical simulations show that the protocol is also insensitive to random noise and energy relaxation. Therefore, the protocol may provide a promising approach for rapid and robust chiral discrimination.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes by Nickel‐Catalyzed Benzylation and Alkene Isomerization
Authors: Zhao Yunlong , Liu Chen‐Fei , Lin Leroy Qi Hao , Chan Albert S. C. , Koh Ming Joo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCatalytic strategies that provide stereoselective access to highly substituted alkenes from abundant monosubstituted substrates are exceedingly sought‐after but rare. Here, we show that a N‐heterocyclic carbene‐NiI catalytic species mediates efficient union of electronically polarized terminal olefins with benzyl chlorides, in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate and trimethylamine additives, to generate trisubstituted boron‐ and arene‐containing trans alkenes in excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities. Control experiments provide evidence for a mechanism involving branched‐selective Heck‐type benzylation that overrides substrate control, followed by trans‐selective 1,3‐hydrogen shift. The method represents a significant addition to the toolbox of reactions for the concise synthesis of unsaturated biologically active compounds.
Clinical perspectives on nasopharyngeal morphology in humans
Authors: Rohde Rebecca , Friedland David R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe nasopharynx is an integral component of the upper aerodigestive tract, whose morphologic features share an intimate relationship with a vast array of clinical, functional, and quality of life conditions related to contemporary humans. Its composite architecture and central location amidst the nasal cavity, pharyngotympanic tube, palate, and skull base bears implications for basic physiologic functions including breathing, vocalization, and alimentation. Over the course of evolution, morphological modifications of nasopharyngeal anatomy have occurred in genus Homo which serve to distinguish the human upper aerodigestive tract from that of other mammals. Understanding of these adaptive changes from both a comparative anatomy and clinical perspective offers insight into the unique blueprint which underpins many clinical pathologies currently encountered by anthropologists, scientists, and otorhinolaryngologists alike. This discussion intends to familiarize readers with the fundamental role that nasopharyngeal morphology plays in upper aerodigestive tract conditions, with consideration of its newfound clinical relevance in the era of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Herbicide Roundup shows toxic effects in nontarget organism Drosophila
Authors: Strilbytska Olha M. , Semaniuk Uliana V. , Strutynska Tetiana R. , Burdyliuk Nadia I. , Tsiumpala Sviatoslav , Bubalo Volodymyr , Lushchak Oleh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlyphosate‐based herbicide Roundup, as the most employed herbicide used for multiple purposes in agriculture, adversely affects nontarget organisms. We tested the effects of Roundup applied at larval and adult stages. Roundup caused developmental delay and increased larvae mortality. Roundup treatment reduced hemolymph glucose and glycogen levels in adult flies of both sexes at the highest concentration tested. Sex‐dependent diverse effects were found in catalase and Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn‐SOD) activities. Decreased aconitase activity, contents of thiols, and lipid peroxides were found after larval Roundup exposure. Furthermore, chronic exposure to adult flies decreased appetite, body weight, and shortened lifespan. Thus, our results suggest that high concentrations of Roundup are deleterious to both larvae and adults, resulting in a shift of the metabolism and antioxidant defense system in Drosophila melanogaster.
The antimalarial activity of 1,2,4‐trioxolane/trioxane hybrids and dimers: A review
Authors: Fang Junman , Song Feng , Wang Fawei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMalaria, a mosquito‐borne parasitic infection caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium, is a dangerous disease that contributes to millions of hospital visits and hundreds and thousands of deaths across the world, especially in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Antimalarial agents are vital for treating malaria and controlling transmission, and 1,2,4‐trioxolane/trioxane‐containing agents, especially artemisinin and its derivatives, own antimalarial efficacy and low toxicity with unique mechanisms of action. Moreover, artemisinin‐based combination therapies were recommended by the World Health Organization as the first‐line treatment for uncomplicated malaria infection and have remained as the mainstay of the treatment of malaria, demonstrating that 1,2,4‐trioxolane/trioxane derivatives are useful prototypes for the control and eradication of malaria. However, malaria parasites have already developed resistance to almost all of the currently available antimalarial agents, creating an urgent need for the search of novel pharmaceutical interventions for malaria. The purpose of this review article is to provide an emphasis on the current scenario (January 2012 to January 2022) of 1,2,4‐trioxolane/trioxane hybrids and dimers with potential antimalarial activity and the structure–activity relationships are also discussed to facilitate further rational design of more effective candidates.
Inside‐Outside Lithium Deposition Achieved by the Unusual Strategy of Constructing the Hierarchical Lithiophilicity for Dendrite‐Free and Durable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Lu Xiao‐Meng , Liu Tiancun , Wang Yong , Du Fei‐Hu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUncontrollable dendritic lithium (Li) growth and huge volume fluctuation are critical issues for the commercialization of Li metal anode. This work reports a three‐dimensional conductive host with hierarchical lithiophilicity to promote the uniform Li plating/stripping. Except for the common merits of the large surface area and excellent conductivity, the unique structural and compositional design, Ag nanoparticles encapsulated inside nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow spheres (Ag@NCHSs), allows a model of inside‐outside Li deposition due to the promising lithiophilicity of Ag component. This type of Li deposition strategy is evidenced by in‐situ optical microscope, in‐situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and endows a promising ability to overcome the fatal issues of Li metal anode even at high areal capacities and current densities. As a result, the developed host with the hierarchical lithiophilicity enables a remarkable enhancement of cycling performances. The strategy of constructing hierarchical lithiophilicity brings new insights to stabilize the Li metal anode.
Teacher and youth priorities for education for environmental sustainability: A co‐created manifesto
Authors: Dunlop Lynda , Rushton Elizabeth A. C. , Atkinson Lucy , Ayre Jacquie , Bullivant Andrea , Essex Jane , Price Laura , Smith Amanda , Summer Maisy , Stubbs Joshua E. , Diepen Maria Turkenburg‐van , Wood Lucy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhat would it mean to put environmental sustainability at the heart of education? This article describes a process of inclusive, participatory manifesto‐making to identify young people's (aged 16–18 years) and teachers' priorities for education for environmental sustainability across the UK. Drawing on analysis of qualitative data from over 200 teachers and young people who participated in futures and visualisation workshops, we identify key educational priorities at the levels of classroom, school, community and policy, based on consensus between teacher and youth perspectives. Whilst consensus‐seeking comes with a risk of favouring ‘soft’ actions which reinforce unsustainable practices and systems, the process of identifying more desirable futures and immediate barriers that must be negotiated to reach them has the potential to create spaces for more critical pedagogies and practices. There is a need for policy makers and school leaders to recognise the interests of teachers and young people to enable greater participation in decision making at different scales, and to ensure that those with the greatest capacity bear their burden of responsibility for education for environmental sustainability.