bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information propagation in a non-local model with emergent locality
Authors: Ji Kaixin , Hung Ling-Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit a “relatively local” model proposed in [1], where locality and dimensionality of space only emerges from the entanglement structure of the state the system is in. Various quantities such as butterfly velocity/entanglement speed can be defined similarly, at least in the regime where locality is well defined and a light cone structure emerges in the correlation between sites. We find that the relations observed between them in local models [2] are not respected. In particular, we conjecture that the hierarchy of the interaction over different distances provides different “layers” of light cones. When long range interactions are sufficiently suppressed, the effective light cones are dominated by linear behaviour with little remnant of non-locality. This could potentially be used as a physical smoking gun for emergent locality in non-local models.
Management after acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Part 1: ACL reconstruction has a protective effect on secondary meniscus and cartilage lesions
Authors: Petersen Wolf , Guenther Daniel , Imhoff Andreas B. , Herbort Mirco , Stein Thomas , Schoepp Christian , Akoto Ralph , Höher Jürgen , Scheffler Sven , Stoehr Amelie , Stoffels Thomas , Häner Martin , Hees Tilman , Mehl Julian , Ellermann Andree , Krause Matthias , Mengis Natalie , Eberle Christian , Müller Peter E. , Best Raymond , Lutz Patricia M. , Achtnich Andrea 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this consensus project was to validate which endogenous and exogenous factors contribute to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and to what extent ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction can prevent secondary damage to the knee joint. Based on these findings, an algorithm for the management after ACL rupture should be established.

Methods
The consensus project was initiated by the Ligament Injuries Committee of the German Knee Society (Deutsche Kniegesellschaft, DKG). A modified Delphi process was used to answer scientific questions. This process was based on key topic complexes previously formed during an initial face-to-face meeting of the steering group with the expert group. For each key topic, a comprehensive review of available literature was performed by the steering group. The results of the literature review were sent to the rating group with the option to give anonymous comments until a final consensus voting was performed. Consensus was defined a-priori as eighty percent agreement.

Results
Of the 17 final statements, 15 achieved consensus, and 2 have not reached consensus. Results of the consensus were summarized in an algorithm for the management after ACL rupture (infographic/Fig. 2).

Conclusion
This consensus process has shown that the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis is a complex multifactorial process. Exogenous (primary and secondary meniscus lesions) and endogenous factors (varus deformity) play a decisive role. Due to the complex interplay of these factors, an ACL reconstruction cannot always halt post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the knee. However, there is evidence that ACL reconstruction can prevent secondary joint damage such as meniscus lesions and that the success of meniscus repair is higher with simultaneous ACL reconstruction. Therefore, we recommend ACL reconstruction in case of a combined injury of the ACL and a meniscus lesion which is suitable for repair.

Level of evidence
Level V.
Quantitative detection of caffeine in beverages using flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry imaging and performance evaluation of different thin-layer chromatography plates as sample substrates
Authors: Heide Maximilian , Escobar-Carranza Cristian C. , Engelhard Carsten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmbient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) is widely used as a rapid screening tool of samples in their native state without sample preparation. While analysis times are much less than 1 min per sample, one challenge of ADI-MS is the possibility to perform quantitative analysis of analytes in complex matrices. Typically, the goal is to probe a variety of different analytes in a complex matrix from a solid, liquid, or otherwise uncharacterized surface in the open air in front of the MS inlet. In this study, it is demonstrated that a carefully selected surface for analyte spot sampling and co-deposited isotopically labeled standards both significantly improve the capabilities of flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (FAPA) high-resolution (HR) MS for direct quantitative analysis. Specifically, a systematic study of different surfaces (glass, steel mesh, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) stationary phases including silica, reversed-phase (RP)-modified silica, and cyano (CN)-modified silica) and their suitability for spot sampling with FAPA-MS was performed. A set of different caffeine-containing standards and beverages (Red Bull, Coca-Cola, coffee, and black tea) was deposited on the surfaces and direct FAPA-HR-MS analysis of caffeine was performed using internal calibration with co-deposited 13C3-caffeine. For TLC surfaces, it was demonstrated that quantitative results could be achieved with the matrix and concomitants present and that a preceding chromatographic separation was not mandatory for this application. In addition, the use of a CN-HPTLC surface resulted in a significantly more intense caffeine signal in the beverage samples compared to the other surfaces studied, with the highest increase compared to the silica (200-fold higher) and the lowest increase compared to the steel mesh (30-fold higher). The utilization of TLC-based surfaces as sample carriers is considered an attractive tool in the ADI-MS toolbox for fast and efficient mass spectrometric investigations of complex samples without time-consuming sample preparation.
Graphical Abstract
Validation of the Spanish version of the Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) questionnaire
Authors: García-Díaz Antonio , Gacto-Sánchez Purificación , Durán-Romero Antonio José , Ruiz-Moya Alejandro , Molina-Morales Julia , Carrasco-García Salvador , Gómez-Cía Tomás , Pereyra-Rodríguez José-Juan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The Burn Specific Health Scale-Brief (BSHS-B) is considered a validated questionnaire to evaluate quality of life after burn. The purpose of this study was to translate the BSHS-B into Spanish and perform its cross-cultural adaptation.

Methods
First, BSHS-B was translated from English into Spanish. Subsequently, 84 patients answered the Spanish version of BSHS-B and SF-36 scales to assess the reliability (Cronbach’s alpha), construct validity (Spearman rank test), and stability in time (intra-class correlation coefficient).

Results
The BSHS-B-Sp showed a good internal consistency with a global Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96. Correlations between the major domains of BSHS-B and SF-36 are reported with Spearman’s coefficient ranging from 0.29 to 0.87 in all sub-domains (p < 0.01). Stability in time was confirmed by intra-class correlation coefficient (0.91–0.99 for every sub-domain and 0.98 for global score, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The Spanish version of the BSHS-B demonstrated an appropriated internal consistency, construct validity, and stability in time. This fact supports its applicability to evaluate the quality of life of burn patients.
Level of evidence: Not gradable
TIPS plus sequential systemic therapy of advanced HCC patients with tumour thrombus-related symptomatic portal hypertension
Authors: Qiu Zhenkang , Wang Guobao , Yan Huzheng , Qi Han , Zuo Mengxuan , Wang Guisong , Jiang Weiwei , Chen Zixiong , Xue Jingbing , Lu Ligong , Zhang Fujun , Gao Fei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT)–related symptomatic portal hypertension (SPH) leads to a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) can effectively relieve SPH but its effect remains unclear in PVTT-related SPH. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the TIPS procedure combined with sequential systemic therapy in advanced HCC patients with PVTT-related SPH.

Methods
After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), this retrospective study analysed 42 patients who underwent TIPS placement plus sequential systemic therapy (group A) and 42 patients who received only symptomatic and supportive treatment (group B). The evaluated outcomes were overall survival (OS) and SPH control rate. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to compare OS in the two groups.

Results
In group A, the technical success rate of the TIPS procedure was 95.2%, and no severe complications occurred. The rebleeding rates in group A and group B were 5.0% and 73.7%, respectively (p < 0.001), and the ascites control rates were 92.0% and 28.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). The median OS of group A was significantly better than that of group B (9.6 [95% CI: 7.1, 12.0] vs. 4.9 [95% CI: 3.9, 5.8], months, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that TIPS plus sequential systemic therapy (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.799; 95% CI: 3.177, 10.585; p < 0.001) was an independent prognostic factor related to OS. Additionally, PVTT degree (I+II) (p = 0.008), AFP ≤ 400 ng/ml (p = 0.003), and Child–Pugh class A (p = 0.046) were significant predictors of OS.

Conclusion
TIPS plus sequential systemic therapy is safe and feasible for treating advanced HCC with tumour thrombus-related SPH.

Key Points
• Portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) is common in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and transforms compensated portal hypertension into symptomatic portal hypertension (SPH).
• HCC patients with PVTT-related SPH have a very poor prognosis, and there are no effective treatments recommended by the guidelines.
• Therefore, a treatment strategy that utilises a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to manage SPH combined with sequential systemic therapy in advanced HCC patients is explored in this study for its feasibility and clinical value. This research can fill the gap in current research data to provide clinically meaningful treatment options.
Der schwerwiegendste Vorfall – Erfahrungen von Aggressionen und Gewalt in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Jacobsen C. , Volkmann I. , Wedegärtner F. , Harris J. , Bertram B. , Bambas B. , Framme C. 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Erfahrungen von Aggressionen/Gewalt beeinflussen die Arbeitszufriedenheit und können die Mitarbeiter psychisch und physisch langfristig belasten. Im Herbst 2018 führten der Berufsverband der Augenärzte Deutschlands e. V. (BVA) und die Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft e. V. (DOG) eine Umfrage zu Erfahrungen von Aggressionen und Gewalt durch. Die ersten Ergebnisse wurden 2020 veröffentlicht. In der Umfrage konnte zudem der bislang schwerwiegendste Vorfall unter anderem durch Freitextfelder geschildert werden.

Methodik
Alle 9411 Mitglieder von DOG und BVA erhielten 2018 die Möglichkeit, online einen Fragebogen zu Aggressionen und Gewalt in der Augenheilkunde auszufüllen.

Ergebnisse
Es berichteten 253 von 1508 (16,8 %) an der Umfrage teilgenommenen Ophthalmologen über ihren schwerwiegendsten Vorfall, der zu 46,8 % als mittelschwer eingestuft wurde und zu 34,3 % verbale Gewalt wie Beleidigung und Bedrohung umfasste. Den schwerwiegendsten Vorfall erlebten 171 (67,6 %) Ärzte in einer Praxis; 71 % waren zum Tatzeitpunkt Fachärzte. Die Vorfälle ereigneten sich zu 74,3 % in der regulären Arbeitszeit. Ursachen waren v. a. interkulturelle Konflikte, lange Wartezeiten, Probleme bei der Terminvergabe, zu hohe Erwartungshaltung, Behandlungsdifferenzen oder eine Grundaggressivität. Dabei waren die Täter zu 86,3 % männlich. Bei 15,8 % der Vorfälle erfolgte eine polizeiliche Meldung; 21 (8,3 %) Ärzte erteilten einen Praxisverweis oder Hausverbot.

Diskussion
Die Schilderung der schwerwiegendsten Vorfälle veranschaulicht mitunter kaum vorstellbare Situationen und auch, welche Vorfälle als gravierend eingeschätzt wurden. Es existieren dabei große subjektive Schwankungen in der Beurteilung der Vorfälle. Schutzmaßnahmen in Praxen und Kliniken sind unerlässlich.
Radical Generic Initial Ideals
Authors: Conca Aldo , De Negri Emanuela , Gorla Elisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we survey the theory of Cartwright–Sturmfels ideals. These are $\mathbb {Z}^{n}$

ℤ

n

-graded ideals, whose multigraded generic initial ideal is radical. Cartwright–Sturmfels ideals have surprising properties, mostly stemming from the fact that their Hilbert scheme only contains one Borel-fixed point. This has consequences, e.g., on their universal Gröbner bases and on the family of their initial ideals. In this paper, we discuss several known classes of Cartwright–Sturmfels ideals and we find a new one. Among determinantal ideals of same-size minors of a matrix of variables and Schubert determinantal ideals, we are able to characterize those that are Cartwright–Sturmfels.
Knowledge cores in large formal contexts
Authors: Hanika Tom , Hirth Johannes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractKnowledge computation tasks, such as computing a base of valid implications, are often infeasible for large data sets. This is in particular true when deriving canonical bases in formal concept analysis (FCA). Therefore, it is necessary to find techniques that on the one hand reduce the data set size, but on the other hand preserve enough structure to extract useful knowledge. Many successful methods are based on random processes to reduce the size of the investigated data set. This, however, makes them hardly interpretable with respect to the discovered knowledge. Other approaches restrict themselves to highly supported subsets and omit rare and (maybe) interesting patterns. An essentially different approach is used in network science, called k-cores. These cores are able to reflect rare patterns, as long as they are well connected within the data set. In this work, we study k-cores in the realm of FCA by exploiting the natural correspondence of bi-partite graphs and formal contexts. This structurally motivated approach leads to a comprehensible extraction of knowledge cores from large formal contexts.
Results from the “Me & My Heart” (eMocial) Study: a Randomized Evaluation of a New Smartphone-Based Support Tool to Increase Therapy Adherence of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Krackhardt Florian , Jörnten-Karlsson Magnus , Waliszewski Matthias , Knutsson Mikael , Niklasson Anna , Appel Karl-Friedrich , Degenhardt Ralf , Ghanem Alexander , Köhler Till , Ohlow Marc-Alexander , Tschöpe Carsten , Theres Heinz , vom Dahl Jürgen , Karlson Björn W. , Maier Lars S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluated whether patient support, administered via an electronic device-based app, increased adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with ticagrelor in routine clinical practice.

Methods
Patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with diagnosed ACS treated with ticagrelor co-administered with low-dose acetylsalicylic acid were randomized into an active group (with support tool app for medication intake reminders and motivational messages) and a control group (without support tool app), and observed for 48 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02615704). Patients were asked to complete the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Lifestyle Changes Questionnaire (LSQ), and were assessed for blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) at baseline (visit 1) and at the end of the study (visit 2). Medication adherence was measured using the Brilique Adherence Questionnaire (BAQ).

Results
Patients (N = 676) were randomized to an active (n = 342) or a control (n = 334) group. BAQ data were available for 174 patients in the active group and 174 patients in the control group. Over the 48-week period, mean (standard deviation) adherence for the active and control groups was 96.4% (13.2%) and 91.5% (23.1%), respectively (effect of app intervention, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure and BMI between visits. General improvements in SF-36 and LSQ scores were observed for both groups.

Conclusion
The patient support tool app was associated with significant improvements in patient-reported treatment adherence compared with a data collection app alone in patients prescribed ticagrelor for ACS.
Sufficient dimension reduction for average causal effect estimation
Authors: Cheng Debo , Li Jiuyong , Liu Lin , Le Thuc Duy , Liu Jixue , Yu Kui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA large number of covariates can have a negative impact on the quality of causal effect estimation since confounding adjustment becomes unreliable when the number of covariates is large relative to the number of samples. Propensity score is a common way to deal with a large covariate set, but the accuracy of propensity score estimation (normally done by logistic regression) is also challenged by the large number of covariates. In this paper, we prove that a large covariate set can be reduced to a lower dimensional representation which captures the complete information for adjustment in causal effect estimation. The theoretical result enables effective data-driven algorithms for causal effect estimation. Supported by the result, we develop an algorithm that employs a supervised kernel dimension reduction method to learn a lower dimensional representation from the original covariate space, and then utilises nearest neighbour matching in the reduced covariate space to impute the counterfactual outcomes to avoid the large sized covariate set problem. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on two semisynthetic and three real-world datasets and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Suppression of Cephalosporium maydis by the resistance inducer beta-sitosterol
Authors: Elshahawy Ibrahim E. , Abd El-Wahed Mohamed S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLate wilt, a vascular disease caused by the fungus of Cephalosporium maydis, is considered one of Egypt’s most severe maize threats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the suppressive effect of the resistance inducer beta-sitosterol on C. maydis, as well as its involvement in reducing the incidence of late wilt infection under greenhouse and field conditions. In in vitro studies on potato dextrose yeast extract agar (PDYA) and/or potato dextrose yeast extract broth (PDYB) with doses of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm, beta-sitosterol significantly reduced colony diameter and spore germination of C. maydis. The efficiency of beta-sitosterol increased with concentration, with 250 ppm being the most efficient, reducing colony development by 100% and spore germination by 77.3%. Experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field trials using the split-plot design with three beta-sitosterol 250 ppm application methods (maize grain dipping, maize foliar spraying, and maize grain dipping with foliar spraying) and two maize cultivars (a land race and the cultivar fine seed 1005). In both trials, the combination treatment of maize grain dipping and foliar spraying with beta-sitosterol 250 ppm was most effective. Under greenhouse conditions, beta-sitosterol treatments significantly improved the growth parameters (plant height, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight) of the two maize cultivars. Under similar conditions, beta-sitosterol significantly increased the activity of protective enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and chitinase) and the levels of chlorophyll, total phenols, and flavonoids in the two maize cultivars. When compared to the untreated control, beta-sitosterol application reduced the incidence of late wilt disease under greenhouse and field conditions. The ear yield of the two maize cultivars was significantly increased in plots treated with beta-sitosterol 250 ppm in a field trial. The findings showed that beta-sitosterol inhibited C. maydis growth in vitro and improved maize plant resistance to late wilt infection in vivo. As a result, this plant resistance inducer could be used to improve the resistance of maize cultivars to late wilt disease.
Suitable indicators to determine tsunami impact on coastal areas in Northern Japan, Aomori Prefecture
Authors: Frenken Mike , Bellanova Piero , Nishimura Yuichi , Schulte Philipp , Lehmkuhl Frank , Reicherter Klaus , Schwarzbauer Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami released and mobilized many anthropogenic and natural organic compounds and, hereby, left a clear signature in its sedimentary remnants. In this study, a wide variety of organic marker substances were analyzed in 15 sediment profiles from the Aomori coast (Northern Japan). Total organic carbon (TOC) and fine grain fraction normalization have been tested with the wide dataset, and the already more frequently used TOC normalization was proven to be the more suitable one. Concentration profiles and specific ratios have been interpreted using two different approaches. Differentiation of marine and terrestrial matter characterized mixing processes due to the tsunami impact. Linking constituents to anthropogenic emission sources pointed not only to pollution revealed by the tsunami damages but also to dispersion processes, in particular erosion, transport, mixing and redeposition of particle-associated contaminants. Both approaches have been proved to identify unambiguously tsunamites in sedimentary archives and to reveal detailed insights into the tsunami-driven dispersion of particle-associated organic matter. Generally, the organic geochemical proxies as tested in this study can be reliably used to identify and characterize tsunami deposits in the sedimentary record. Finally, this strategy can be transferred to other locations affected by tsunamis for an in-depth characterization of the destruction and environmental changes induced by tsunami events.
Nested identities and identification in higher education institutions—the role of organizational and academic identities
Authors: Borlaug Siri Brorstad , Tellmann Silje Maria , Vabø Agnete 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcademic staff hold multiple identities by relating to the organization and to their profession. Merging higher education institutions involves organizational changes which may impact identities of academic staff. This paper studies potential impacts on staff perceptions of their organizational and academic identities through a 2-year in-depth study of a merger between a large university and three university colleges in Norway. We find that academics have multiple nested identities and engage in identification at different levels. While they may identify with the new organization, they may simultaneously experience tensions and pressures on their academic identity, or they may have strong academic identity and low identification with the new organization. Moreover, space to develop local accommodations in the new organization and access to symbolic resources plays significant roles in the identification processes.
Differences in daily life executive functioning between people with autism and people with schizophrenia
Authors: Yon-Hernández Jo A. , Wojcik Dominika Z. , García-García Laura , Franco-Martín Manuel A. , Canal-Bedia Ricardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is a comparative analysis of everyday executive functioning between individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) and controls using Dysexecutive Questionnaire-Spanish (DEX-Sp), to identify patterns of difficulties. Also we assessed the relationship between EF and adaptive behavior as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scale-II. Common areas of everyday executive functions were established as problematic in individuals with ASD and SSD related to Disinhibition and Apathy, while Disorganization and Impulsivity was gravely affected in ASD group only. The degree of Dysexecutive Syndrome was predictive of adaptive behavior in ASD group only. These suggest that DEX-Sp could be a useful tool in differentiating areas of strength and weaknesses in clinical groups such as ASD and SDD.