bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using co-production to implement patient reported outcome measures in third sector organisations: a mixed methods study
Authors: Foster Alexis , O’Cathain Alicia , Harris Janet , Weston Guy , Andrews Lucy , Andreeva Olga 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Third sector organisations such as charities and community groups are using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) at an aggregated service level to demonstrate their impact to commissioners to generate or retain funding. Despite this motivation, organisations can struggle with implementing PROMs. Previous studies have identified facilitators including organisations using an appropriate measure, co-producing the PROMs process with staff, and investing resources to support the use of measures. However, to date no studies have applied this learning to third sector organisations to evaluate whether taking an evidence-informed implementation approach improves the use of PROMs.

Methods
A Community-Based Participatory Research approach was used which involved university-based researchers supporting two third sector organisations to implement PROMs. The researchers provided evidence-informed advice and training. The organisations were responsible for implementing PROMs. The researchers evaluated implementation through a mixed methods approach including five key informant interviews, four evaluation groups and analysis of collected PROMs data (n = 313).

Results
Both third sector organisations faced considerable constraints in incorporating known facilitators and addressing barriers. The organisations involved staff in choosing an acceptable measure. However, competing priorities including external pressures to use specific PROMs, busy workloads and staff opinions created challenges to using measures. Investment of time and energy into developing an outcomes-based organisational culture was key to enable the prioritisation of PROMs. For example, discussing PROMs in supervision so that they were viewed as part of people’s job roles. Organisations found that implementation took several years and was disrupted by other pressures.

Conclusions
Whilst organisations were motivated to implement PROMs to obtain or retain funding, they faced considerable practical and ideological challenges. Consequently, some stakeholders felt that alternative methods to measuring impact could potentially be more feasible than PROMs.
Humulus japonicus attenuates LPS-and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice
Authors: Go Jun , Park Hye-Yeon , Lee Da Woon , Maeng So-Young , Lee In-Bok , Seo Yun Jeong , An Jin-Pyo , Oh Won Keun , Lee Chul-Ho , Kim Kyoung-Shim 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in cognitive decline and memory impairment in neurodegenerative disorders. Previously, we demonstrated that Humulus japonicus (HJ) has anti-inflammatory effects in rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The present study aimed to examine the protective potential of HJ extracts against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment and scopolamine-induced amnesia in mouse models. Cognitive improvement of mice was investigated by novel object recognition test. For analyzing effects on neuroinflammation, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were performed.

Results
We found that the oral administration of HJ significantly improved cognitive dysfunction induced by LPS in a novel object recognition test. The LPS-induced activation of microglia was notably decreased by HJ treatment in the cortex and hippocampus. HJ administration with LPS also significantly increased the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and decreased the mRNA expression of IL-12 in the parietal cortex of mice. The increased expression of LPS-induced complement C1q B chain (C1bq) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) genes was significantly suppressed by HJ treatment. In addition, HJ administration significantly improved novel object recognition in a scopolamine-induced amnesia mouse model.

Conclusions
These findings revealed that HJ has a beneficial effect on cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation induced by systemic inflammation and on amnesia induced by scopolamine in mice.
Cancer Medicines: What Is Essential and Affordable in India?
Authors: Sengar Manju , Fundytus Adam , Hopman Wilma , Pramesh C.S. , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Ganesan Prasanth , Mathew Aju , Lombe Dorothy , Jalink Matthew , Gyawali Bishal , Trapani Dario , Roitberg Felipe , De Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Moja Lorenzo , Ilbawi André , Sullivan Richard , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE The WHO essential medicines list (EML) guides selection of drugs for national formularies. Here, we evaluate which medicines are considered highest priority by Indian oncologists and the extent to which they are available in routine practice. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of an electronic survey developed by the WHO EML Cancer Medicine Working Group. The survey was distributed globally using a hierarchical snowball method to physicians who prescribe systemic anticancer therapy. The survey captured the 10 medicines oncologists considered highest priority for population health and their availability in routine practice. RESULTS The global study cohort included 948 respondents from 82 countries; 98 were from India and 67 were from other low- and middle-income countries. Compared with other low- and middle-income countries, the Indian cohort was more likely to be medical oncologist (70% v 31%, P < .001) and work exclusively in the private health system (52% v 17%, P < .001). 14/20 most commonly selected medicines were conventional cytotoxic drugs. Universal access to these medicines was reported by a minority of oncologists; risks of significant out-of-pocket expenditures for each medicine were reported by 19%-58% of oncologists. Risk of catastrophic expenditure was reported by 58%-67% of oncologists for rituximab and trastuzumab. Risks of financial toxicity were substantially higher within the private health system compared with the public system. CONCLUSION Most high-priority cancer medicines identified by Indian oncologists are generic chemotherapy agents that provide substantial improvements in survival and are already included in WHO EML. Access to these treatments remains limited by major financial burdens experienced by patients. This is particularly acute within the private health system. Strategies are urgently needed to ensure that high-quality cancer care is affordable and accessible to all patients in India.
A Review of Acute Physical Activity Effects on Brain and Cognition in Children
Authors: Hillman Charles H. , Logan Nicole E. , Shigeta Tatsuya T. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of physical inactivity in children has become a global pandemic and has consequences for physical, as well as cognitive and brain, health. Single bouts of physical activity (PA), however, have shown a transient, positive effect on cognitive performance in preadolescent children. Acute bouts of moderate to vigorous PA have demonstrated benefits for cognition, including attention and executive function. These acute effects of PA on cognitive performance can be seen both immediately after and following a delay from the cessation of PA. Further, event-related potentials have been used to delineate real-time neural responses to behavioral tasks after PA interventions. A short bout of moderate-intensity aerobic PA serves to increase the allocation of attentional resources and improved cognitive processing and stimulus classification speed. As such, there are implications for evaluating the effect of PA within schools. Several neural mechanisms are suggested to explain the observed improvements in executive function after PA, such as the importance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on synaptogenesis, the expression of human growth factors, the activated release of catecholamines, and increased blood lactate levels. The ensuing descriptive review demonstrates the current understanding of the effects of acute PA on childhood brain and cognition and may serve as a basis for understanding PA-induced improvements in academic achievement.
Active Smarter Teachers: Primary School Teachers’ Perceptions and Maintenance of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Lerum Øystein , Bartholomew John , McKay Heather , Resaland Geir Kåre , Tjomsland Hege E. , Anderssen Sigmund Alfred , Leirhaug Petter Erik , Moe Vegard Fusche 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The Active Smarter Kids (ASK) study evaluated the effect of a 7-month curriculum-prescribed physical activity intervention on academic performance in fifth-grade Norwegian students. However, there is also a need to examine teachers’ perception and maintenance of the ASK intervention. We conducted a prospective, mixed methods descriptive study across 1 yr of the ASK intervention. Data were collected via a self-report questionnaire, administered online, at two time points, immediately after the ASK intervention and 1 yr postintervention. The first questionnaire comprised open-ended questions about the teacher’s experience with the ASK intervention. The second questionnaire determined teachers’ maintenance of the ASK intervention. All teachers (N = 59) from the 28 intervention schools were eligible to participate. To prevent workload burden, teachers from the same school were offered the option to respond as a group to a single questionnaire. Thirty-one teachers from 22 schools completed the first questionnaire, and 26 teachers from 25 schools completed the second questionnaire. An analysis of the open-ended responses in the first questionnaire identified themes centering on the teacher’s perception of the ASK intervention, including benefits on student’s social engagement, professional competence, and interpersonal processes. Eighty-one percent reported that they maintained the use of physically active learning and physical activity breaks as part of their weekly pedagogical practice 1 yr postintervention. Only 18% reported maintained use of physical activity homework. A novel finding was a recognition that the interaction in physically active learning opportunities was especially beneficial for low academic achievement students. Furthermore, the findings indicate that it is important to collaborate with teachers to codesign interventions. This seems to be critical in order for teachers to achieve agency and empower teachers to integrate physical activity into their school day.
Reconsidering the ethics of compulsive treatment in light of clinical psychiatry: A selective review of literature
Authors: Duarte Madeira Luis , Costa Santos Jorge 
Published: July 2022

The ethics of compulsive treatment (CT) is a medical, social and legal discussion that reemerged after the ratification by 181 countries of the 2007 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN-CRPD). The optional protocol of the UN-CRPD was ratified by 86 countries aiming to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights. It also determined the need to review mental health laws as under this light treatment of persons with disabilities, particularly those with mental disorders, cannot accept the use of CT. This selective review of literature aims to clarify inputs from clinical psychiatry adding evidence to the multi-disciplinary discussion. It provides contradictory evidence on how patients experience CT and its impact on their mental health and treatment programs, also which are main reasons for the use of CT and what efforts in psychiatry have been made to reduce, replace and refine it.
Study protocol for UNICEF and WHO estimates of global, regional, and national low birthweight prevalence for 2000 to 2020
Authors: Krasevec Julia , Blencowe Hannah , Coffey Christopher , Okwaraji Yemisrach B. , Estevez Diana , Stevens Gretchen A. , Ohuma Eric O. , Conkle Joel , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Bradley Ellen , Muthamia Ben Kimathi , Dalmiya Nita , Lawn Joy E. , Borghi Elaine , Hayashi Chika 
Published: July 2022

Background Reducing low birthweight (LBW, weight at birth less than 2,500g) prevalence by at least 30% between 2012 and 2025 is a target endorsed by the World Health Assembly that can contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) by 2030. The 2019 LBW estimates indicated a global prevalence of 14.6% (20.5 million newborns) in 2015. We aim to develop updated LBW estimates at global, regional, and national levels for up to 202 countries for the period of 2000 to 2020. Methods Two types of sources for LBW data will be sought: national administrative data and population-based surveys. Administrative data will be searched for countries with a facility birth rate ≥80% and included when birthweight data account for ≥80% of UN estimated live births for that country and year. Surveys with birthweight data published since release of the 2019 edition of the LBW estimates will be adjusted using the standard methodology applied for the previous estimates. Risk of bias assessments will be undertaken. Covariates will be selected based on a conceptual framework of plausible associations with LBW, covariate time-series data quality, collinearity between covariates and correlations with LBW. National LBW prevalence will be estimated using a Bayesian multilevel-mixed regression model, then aggregated to derive regional and global estimates through population-weighted averages. Conclusion Whilst availability of LBW data has increased, especially with more facility births, gaps remain in the quantity and quality of data, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Challenges include high percentages of missing data, lack of adherence to reporting standards, inaccurate measurement, and data heaping. Updated LBW estimates are important to highlight the global burden of LBW, track progress towards nutrition targets, and inform investments in programmes. Reliable, nationally representative data are key, alongside investments to improve the measurement and recording of an accurate birthweight for every baby.
Instructive errors of Bouguer, Lambert, and Arago in the first determinations of angular reflectances on flat surfaces: discussion
Authors: Simonot Lionel , Hebert Mathieu 
Published: July 2022

The first photometric measurements performed in the eighteenth century were based on brightness matching between two illuminated surfaces. In 1760, Bouguer and Lambert proposed the first methods to measure the angular reflectance of a flat surface, and Arago proposed a third one in the mid-nineteenth century. These pioneering experiments provided rather good estimates of the values we can predict or measure much more accurately today, considering that the human visual system was the only available light detector at that time. We show that the errors made in their measurements come not only from experimental uncertainties but also from incomplete knowledge of the physical properties of light, leading to incorrect assumptions in their models. The main errors are (i) the fact that light is totally reflected at grazing incidence, (ii) the glass plates they used were not perfectly clear, and (iii) light is partially polarized after transmission across the surface. By highlighting the impact of these three errors, we can better understand the state of knowledge in optics at that time and question our current practices in radiometric measurements and calculations.
2,000,000  fps 2D and 3D imaging of periodic or reproducible scenes with single-pixel detectors
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Yin Yongkai , Jiao Junpeng , Zhao Xian , Sun Baoqing 
Published: July 2022

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) can capture 2D images of the target with only a nonpixelated detector, showing promising application potential in nonvisible spectral imaging, low-photon imaging, lidar, and other extreme imaging fields. However, the imaging mechanism of traditional SPI makes it difficult to achieve high imaging speed, which is a primary barrier for its widespread application. To address this issue, in this work, we propose and demonstrate a novel high-speed 2D and 3D imaging scheme based on traditional SPI, termed time-resolved single-pixel imaging (TRSPI). Previous SPI works mainly utilize correlation between a stable target and iterative illumination masks to reconstruct a single image. In TRSPI, by further exploiting correlation information between a dynamic scene and every static mask, we can reconstruct a series of time-varying images of the dynamic scene, given the dynamic scene is repetitive or reproducible. Experimentally, we conducted 2D and 3D imaging on a rotating chopper with a speed of 4800 revolutions per minute (rpm), and imaging speeds up to 2,000,000 fps. It is believed that this technology not only opens up a novel application direction for SPI, but also will provide a powerful solution for high-speed imaging.
Efficacy of an asynchronous telerehabilitation program in post-COVID-19 patients: A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carpallo-Porcar Beatriz , Romo-Calvo Laura , Pérez-Palomares Sara , Jiménez-Sánchez Carolina , Herrero Pablo , Brandín-de la Cruz Natalia , Calvo Sandra 
Published: July 2022

Background
About 40% of patients who have had COVID-19 still have symptoms three months later whereas a 10% may experience physical and/or psychological consequences two years later. Therefore, it is necessary to perform preventive interventions when patients are discharged from the hospital to decrease the aforementioned sequelae. The purpose of this pilot-controlled trial will be to determine the efficacy of a rehabilitation program on functional status and psychosocial factors for post-COVID-19 patients when it is delivered through a tele-care platform versus a booklet-based rehabilitation.

Methods
The estimated sample size will be of 50 participants who have been discharged after COVID-19 and have a level of fatigue equal or greater than 4 on the Fatigue Severity Scale. The primary outcome will be the severity of fatigue. Participants will be randomly allocated to an “asynchronous telerehabilitation group” or to a “booklet-based rehabilitation group”. Treatment in both groups will be the same and will consist of a combination of therapeutic exercise and an educative program. Treatment outcomes will be evaluated the last day of the intervention and at three- and six-months follow-up.

Discussion
The telerehabilitation intervention appears to be a viable and efficacy option in decreasing severe fatigue and other fitness variables such as strength and aerobic capacity, similar to other traditional rehabilitation formats such as through an explanatory booklet.

Clinical trial registration
This trial has been prospectively registered at clinialtrials.gov identifier: NCT04794036.
Experimental animal models and their use in understanding cysticercosis: A systematic review
Authors: Sitali Muloongo C. , Schmidt Veronika , Mwenda Racheal , Sikasunge Chummy S. , Mwape Kabemba E. , Simuunza Martin C. , da Costa Clarissa P. , Winkler Andrea S. , Phiri Isaac K. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis (NCC) can be studied using several animal species in experimental models which contributes to the understanding of the human form of the disease. Experimental infections ofTaeniaspp. are vital in explaining the modes of transmission of the parasite and helps the understanding of transmission of the parasite in humans and thus may be useful in designing therapeutic and immune-prophylactic studies to combat the disease. Thus, this systematic review aims to explore the existing experimental animal models to the understanding of cysticercosis in both humans and animals and elucidate the risk factors of cysticercosis and identify theTaeniaspp. used in these models.MethodologyWe systematically identified all publications from the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Pubmed regarding experimental animal models usingTaeniaspp. that cause cysticercosis in both humans and animals. 58 studies were identified for eligibility. Of these, only 48 studies met the inclusion criteria from which data extraction was done and presented descriptively.ResultsPigs, cattle, gerbils, mice, rats, voles, monkeys, cats, dogs, and goats were used in whichT.solium,T.saginata,T.saginata asiatica,T.crassicepsandT.asiaticawere studied. The routes used to induce disease were; oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracranial, intraduodenal, and surgical routes using eggs, oncospheres, and proglottids. Besides, the establishment of infection using eggs and oncospheres was affected by the route used to induce infection in the experimental animals. The cysticerci recovery rate in all the experimental studies was low and the number of animals used in these experiments varied from 1 to 84. Although not analysed statistically, sex, age, and breed of animals influenced the cysticerci recovery rate. Additionally, the cysticerci recovery rate and antibody-antigen levels were shown to increase with an increase in the dose of oncospheres and eggs inoculated in the animals. Contrasting results were reported in which the cysticerci recovery rate decreased with an increase in the dose of eggs inoculated.ConclusionThis review describes the various animal experiments usingTaenia speciesthat cause cysticercosis highlighting the animals used, age and their breed, the routes of infection used to induce disease and the sample size used, and the cysticerci recovery rate in these animal models.
Effectiveness of structured interventional strategy for middle-aged adolescence (SISMA-PA) for preventing atherosclerotic risk factors—A study protocol
Authors: Munusamy Gomathi , Shanmugam Ramesh 
Published: July 2022

Background
Atherosclerotic risk starts at an early stage in adolescents and interventions on adolescents’ lifestyles are most important. The pandemic of obesity-related morbidities like atherosclerosis among young adults and atherosclerotic risk factors for middle-aged adolescents in India is known. Yet, there is a lack of cost-effective and integrated intervention programs to treat this important health problem.

Objective
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of a 12-week structured interventional strategy program, containing integrated education and supervised physical activity interventions for middle-aged adolescents.

Methods/design
This will be a school-based pre-experimental one-group pre-post time-series research design. The sample size is estimated to include 154 adolescents of 10th to 12th grade; aged 15–17 years will be grouped as a single arm. Data will be collected from July 2021 to January 2022. The intervention duration will be 3 months. The following measures will be evaluated before, during, and after intervention: knowledge, body mass index, level of physical activity, dietary habits, and sedentary activity.

Discussion
We believe that the structured interventional strategy approach which includes education related to atherosclerosis, physical activity, dietary habits, and sedentary activity, and cost-effective physical activity training will be more effective in preventing atherosclerotic-related changes among middle-aged adolescents. Further, this kind of approach may be applied in similar study areas elsewhere in India.

Trial registration
Clinical Trials Registry—India (Registered Number: CTRI/2021/03/032271).