bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the Mexico–San Diego border wall extension on spine injuries: a retrospective cohort review
Authors: Tenorio Alexander , Brandel Michael G , Produturi Gautam R , McCann Carson P , Doucet Jay J , Costantini Todd W , Ciacci Joseph D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The recent San Diego–Mexico border wall height extension has resulted in an increased injury risk for unauthorized immigrants falling from greater heights. However, the effects of the border wall extension on frequency and morbidity of spinal injuries and related economic costs have yet to be highlighted.

Methods
We retrospectively compared two cohorts who presented to the UC San Diego Health Trauma Center for border wall falls: pre-height extension (12 patients; January 2016–May 2018), and post-height extension (102 patients; January 2020–December 2021). Patients presented during border wall construction (June 2018–December 2019) were excluded. Demographics, clinical data and hospital costs were collected. Spinal injuries were normalized using Customs and Border Protection apprehensions. Costs were adjusted for inflation using the 2021 medical care price index.

Results
The increase in spine injuries per month (0.8–4.25) and operative spine injuries per month (0.3– 1.7) was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001). Increase in median length of stay from 6 [interquartile range (IQR) 2–7] to 9 days (IQR 6–13) was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Median total hospital charges increased from $174 660 to $294 421 and was also significant (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The data support that the recent San Diego–Mexico border wall extension is correlated with more frequent, severe and costly spinal injuries. This current infrastructure should be re-evaluated as border-related injuries represent a humanitarian and public health crisis.
Turbulence, coherence, and collapse: Three phases for core evolution
Authors: Offner Stella S R , Taylor Josh , Markey Carleen , Chen Hope How-Huan , Pineda Jaime E , Goodman Alyssa A , Burkert Andreas , Ginsburg Adam , Choudhury Spandan 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the formation, evolution, and collapse of dense cores by tracking structures in a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a star-forming cloud. We identify cores using the dendrogram algorithm and utilize machine learning techniques, including Neural Gas prototype learning and Fuzzy c-means clustering to analyse the density and velocity dispersion profiles of cores together with six bulk properties. We produce a 2-d visualization using a Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), which facilitates the connection between physical properties and three partially-overlapping phases: i) unbound turbulent structures (Phase I), ii) coherent cores that have low turbulence (Phase II), and iii) bound cores, many of which become protostellar (Phase III). Within Phase II, we identify a population of long-lived coherent cores that reach a quasi-equilibrium state. Most prestellar cores form in Phase II and become protostellar after evolving into Phase III. Due to the turbulent cloud environment, the initial core properties do not uniquely predict the eventual evolution, i.e. core evolution is stochastic, and cores follow no one evolutionary path. The phase lifetimes are 1.0 ± 0.1 × 105 yr, 1.3 ± 0.2 × 105 yr, and 1.8 ± 0.3 × 105 yr for Phase I, II, and III, respectively. We compare our results to NH3 observations of dense cores. Known coherent cores predominantly map into Phase II, while most turbulent pressure-confined cores map to Phase I or III. We predict that a significant fraction of observed starless cores have unresolved coherent regions and that ≳20 per cent of observed starless cores will not form stars. Measurements of core radial profiles in addition to the usual bulk properties will enable more accurate predictions of core evolution.
Demographic and Selection Histories of Populations Across the Sahel/Savannah Belt
Authors: Fortes-Lima Cesar , Tříska Petr , Čížková Martina , Podgorná Eliška , Diallo Mame Yoro , Schlebusch Carina M , Černý Viktor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Sahel/Savannah belt harbors diverse populations with different demographic histories and different subsistence patterns. However, populations from this large African region are notably under-represented in genomic research. To investigate the population structure and adaptation history of populations from the Sahel/Savannah space, we generated dense genome-wide genotype data of 327 individuals—comprising 14 ethnolinguistic groups, including 10 previously unsampled populations. Our results highlight fine-scale population structure and complex patterns of admixture, particularly in Fulani groups and Arabic-speaking populations. Among all studied Sahelian populations, only the Rashaayda Arabic-speaking population from eastern Sudan shows a lack of gene flow from African groups, which is consistent with the short history of this population in the African continent. They are recent migrants from Saudi Arabia with evidence of strong genetic isolation during the last few generations and a strong demographic bottleneck. This population also presents a strong selection signal in a genomic region around the CNR1 gene associated with substance dependence and chronic stress. In Western Sahelian populations, signatures of selection were detected in several other genetic regions, including pathways associated with lactase persistence, immune response, and malaria resistance. Taken together, these findings refine our current knowledge of genetic diversity, population structure, migration, admixture and adaptation of human populations in the Sahel/Savannah belt and contribute to our understanding of human history and health.
Kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Jiang Kun , Wu Tao , Yin Jia-Xin , Wang Zhenyu , Hasan M Zahid , Wilson Stephen D , Chen Xianhui , Hu Jiangping 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The quasi-two-dimensional kagome materials AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) were found to be a prime example of kagome superconductors, a new quantum platform to investigate the interplay between electron correlation effects, topology and geometric frustration. In this review, we report recent progress on the experimental and theoretical studies of AV3Sb5 and provide a broad picture of this fast-developing field in order to stimulate an expanded search for unconventional kagome superconductors. We review the electronic properties of AV3Sb5, the experimental measurements of the charge density wave state, evidence of time-reversal symmetry breaking and other potential hidden symmetry breaking in these materials. A variety of theoretical proposals and models that address the nature of the time-reversal symmetry breaking are discussed. Finally, we review the superconducting properties of AV3Sb5, especially the potential pairing symmetries and the interplay between superconductivity and the charge density wave state.
Management of Crohn’s disease relapse during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bilateral breast cancer: a case report
Authors: Yamada Miki , Jinno Hiromitsu , Maeda Yuka , Sato Ayana , Matsumoto Akiko , Ikeda Tatsuhiko , Sasajima Yuko 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of breast cancer in a patient with Crohn’s disease (CD) is uncommon. However, cytotoxic chemotherapy might help control CD during the treatment period. Here, we report a case of CD relapse during treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for bilateral breast cancer. A 39-year-old woman with CD controlled by infliximab and mesalazine was diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer. Infliximab treatment was discontinued temporarily so that the patient could receive NAC. However, her CD symptoms intensified during chemotherapy, and after her symptoms improved after a one-time administration of infliximab, the remainder of NAC was completed with a corticosteroid. Bilateral breast conservation surgery was performed. Histopathological examination revealed partial response of the left breast cancer and no residual cancer in the right breast. Breast irradiation and hormone therapy were added and no signs of recurrence have been observed for 5 years. CD has been well controlled with adalimumab and mesalazine.
Successful management of generalized tetanus in a 12-year old girl without anti-tetanus immunoglobulins: a case report
Authors: Muhelo Arlindo , Zita Ahivaldino , Seni Amir , Arzuaga Danys Alvarez , Smith Lee , Pizzol Damiano , Naber Yasmin Al 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In low-income countries tetanus is a major public health concern owing to a low immunization coverage and unclean birth practices. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, tetanus can be contracted across the life course. The disease is prevalent and harmful in newborn babies and their mothers when the mothers` are unvaccinated against tetanus. We report on a case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with general malaise, anorexia, dysphagia, trismus and dehydration, which rapidly developed into severe generalized tetanus and was successfully managed in a low-resource setting without the availability of human anti-tetanus immunoglobulins.
Macroprudential Policy with Liquidity Panics
Authors: Garcia-Macia Daniel , Villacorta Alonso 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the optimality of macroprudential policies in an environment where banks provide liquidity to firms. Informational frictions between banks can cause interbank market freezes, prompting firms to accumulate their own liquid assets. Liquidity hoarding by firms in turn reduces the demand for bank loans and bank profitability, makes interbank market freezes even more likely, and may ultimately trigger a self-fulfilling bad equilibrium. Such “liquidity panics” provide an additional rationale for liquidity requirements on banks, which alleviate frictions in the banking sector and, paradoxically, can increase aggregate investment. Instead, policies encouraging bank lending can have the opposite effect.
Perspective on honest brokers in science: Broadening conflicts of interest and role academies could play
Authors: Baveye Philippe C 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the last two decades, there has been a documented decline in public trust toward science. This evolution has often been attributed to the fast expansion of Internet, making it very easy to spread alternate viewpoints. In the present perspective piece, it is argued that the unethical behavior of some researchers also has fueled the public distrust toward science. In this context, a solution could come from creating publicly accessible registries that would provide all the information needed by the public to determine whether a given researcher could safely be presumed to be an ‘honest broker’, i.e. to act in a disinterested manner about particular issues being debated. In the development of such registries, academies would be particularly suited to provide oversight, since some of their senior members, by virtue of their retirement from active duty, meet many of the conditions to effectively be honest brokers.
Risk dynamics for marine systems: towards a bio-inspired framework for dynamic risk assessment
Authors: Ventikos Nikolaos P , Louzis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of innovative, complex marine systems, such as autonomous ship concepts, has led to risk-based approaches in design and operation that provide safety level quantification and continuous risk assessment. The existing approaches to dynamic risk assessment mainly aim at updating accident probabilities for specific risk scenarios, based on knowledge of system operation and failure, as well as on past accident and failure information. However, for innovative marine systems that include complex interactions, our ability to identify anything that might go wrong is very limited, which may lead to unidentified risks, and failure data may not be available. This paper presents the foundations of a framework for dynamic risk assessment, which is equally applicable to manned and autonomous ships and mainly relies on information about the safe operational envelope and real-time information regarding deviations from safety. Inspiration is drawn from how the biological immune system identifies the risk of infection in a dynamic environment. The objective is to show the feasibility and benefits of our approach for quantifying the operational risk of marine systems. This paper provides the conceptual basis for developing ship specific applications and describes a process for dynamic risk assessment that is methodologically based on artificial immune systems. To demonstrate the implementation of our framework, we described, an illustrative example that involves a ship in a grounding scenario. The results show that the bio-inspired assessment process and risk description can reflect the changes of the risk level of a marine system.
Legionella
Authors: Barimani Mark J. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Legionnaires disease is an important, relatively uncommon, yet well known form of atypical community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). If not appropriately treated in the early stage of infection, it can be fatal. Several factors increase the risk of contracting Legionnaires disease, including age over 50 years, chronic cardiovascular disease, underlying respiratory disease, chronic renal disease, diabetes, smoking, any immunosuppressing condition, travel history, and certain types of employment. Legionnaires disease can present without the usual symptoms associated with pneumonia. The incidence of Legionnaires disease is increasing, and because of its morbidity and mortality, clinicians should consider it in the differential when treating patients with CAP. This article reviews the pathophysiology and treatment of Legionnaires disease and when to refer patients to tertiary centers for higher levels of care, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Genetic testing for patients at risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: DeTroye Alisha , Gabbett Kayla , Yi Cheryl , Judice Melanie , Luu Victor , Nelson Brittany , Gregory Tanya 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The field of cancer genetic testing has made great advances in correctly identifying patients at risk for hereditary cancer syndromes. These tests, used during a genetic consultation, promote earlier detection of cancer and potentially increase survival. Despite these advancements, a large number of persons at risk for BRCA1/2 mutations remain untested due to a shortage of genetic counselors and lack of clinician knowledge on how to properly screen, identify, and refer patients to genetic counseling. We suggest team-based practices that physician associates/assistants (PAs) and NPs can use in collaboration with genetic counselors. We also explore how PAs and NPs can alleviate the burden on genetic counselors by taking a comprehensive family history, providing elements of counseling, and ordering appropriate genetic tests. This approach maximizes the amount of time the patient spends receiving actual genetic counseling. By creating this collaborative relationship, PAs and NPs can help increase the number of qualifying patients who receive genetic testing and counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes.
Noninvasive diagnostic modalities for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Fibich Elio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Selecting noninvasive diagnostic tests for coronary artery disease can be a daunting task to acute care NPs. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease, relevant noninvasive diagnostic imaging modalities, and an evidence-based approach to guide subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Bronchiectasis and obstructive lung diseases in primary antibody deficiencies and beyond: update on management and pathomechanisms
Authors: Hanitsch Leif G. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Pulmonary complications are among the most frequent manifestations in patients with primary antibody deficiency (PAD), contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Here, we focus on recent findings in obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in PAD. Since specific data on patients with PAD is limited and management mostly follows general recommendations, this review also aims to summarize data from the immunocompetent population.

Recent findings
Potential risk factors for the development and progression of bronchiectasis include reduced immunoglobulins and lower CD4 cells. In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an altered microbiome might contribute to local inflammation and disease progression. Findings on the contribution of neutrophils and eosinophils in the affected immunocompetent population require confirmation in PAD. Despite its high global burden, there is an extreme paucity of data on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in PAD. Lower IgA and IgM are associated with asthma in PAD, but the heterogeneity of prevalence among PAD groups is poorly understood. Recent observations of non-IgE-mediated pathomechanisms in asthma may be of particular interest in PAD patients.

Summary
Management of PAD patients with chronic lung disease requires a multidisciplinary team approach including immunology, pulmonology, infectious disease and physiotherapy. Diagnostic processes should be harmonized to ensure a more precise perspective on prevalence and disease courses.
Trends and determinants of epinephrine prescriptions: a proxy of anaphylaxis epidemiology?
Authors: Costa Enrico , Tanno Luciana Kase , Salazzari Damiano , Tedeschi Federico , Andretta Margherita , Caminati Marco 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Epinephrine autoinjectors (EAIs) are recommended to all patients previously experiencing anaphylaxis reaction in order to prevent further reactions and fatalities. Under that perspective, EAI prescription could be considered as a proxy of anaphylaxis epidemiology. Nevertheless EAI prescription rates are still unacceptably low.

Recent findings
The review focuses on potential determinants, in addition to clinical indications, which might impact EAI prescription rates by exploring the scientific literature published within the past 18 months, wherever available. Although some controversial results, age, sex, ethnicity, geographical setting and socioeconomic conditions might influence both physician prescription behaviour and EAIs’ accessibility from the patient's side, which hampers the accuracy of EAI prescription as a proxy of anaphylaxis. Low EAI prescription and refill rates have been recorded even in the absence of significant socioeconomic barriers, suggesting that economical limitations only partially account for the issue, and cultural restrictions have also to be considered and addressed.

Summary
In addition to providing the same opportunities in terms of EAI availability in all countries worldwide, implementing the resources for anaphylaxis management in terms of practical knowledge, education, and allergy specialist networks is an urgent need, even in the absence of socioeconomic barriers.
The new indications for biologicals in type 2 diseases: perspectives
Authors: Bagnasco Diego , Canevari Rikki Frank , Passalacqua Giovanni , Caminati Marco 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
To provide a literature review of what is on the market and under study for some diseases treated with drugs targeting type 2 (T2) inflammation.

Recent findings
Literature data have shown that drugs targeting type 2 inflammation are effective in asthma and nasal polyposis, conditions for which they are on the market, and have promising expectations in the case of eosinophilic esophagitis, especially using anti-IL-5/IL-5 receptor and IL-4 receptor antibodies, while concerning eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA), mepolizumab (MEP) was approved by FDA and EMA as a drug for the treatment of this condition because of the promising results obtained in trials and in real life.

Summary
The use of these drugs is certainly an important achievement in the treatment of complex diseases such as those mentioned above, which are too often orphaned from innovative treatments and limited to the use of immunosuppressants and systemic corticosteroid for their control.
Hospital-initiated Extended-release Injectable Buprenorphine Using a Novel Reallocation Initiative From an Outpatient Addiction Medicine Clinic
Authors: Ganetsky Valerie S. , Salzman Matthew , Carroll Gerard , Heil Jessica , Sutton Jacqueline , Visioli Vincent M. , Currie Samuel , Schmidt Ryan , Baston Kaitlan E. , Haroz Rachel 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Novel strategies for initiation and continuation of buprenorphine are critical, especially during a pandemic when traditional opioid use disorder treatment pathways may be disrupted. We describe an innovative outpatient to inpatient reallocation initiative for extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) designed to repurpose an expensive medication for use in hospitalized patients facing treatment barriers upon discharge and pilot the feasibility of XR-BUP use in the inpatient setting.

Methods
We collaborated with our institution's inpatient pharmacy and a New Jersey Medicaid managed care organization to create an alternate pathway to make XR-BUP available to hospitalized patients insured by the same payor. In this process, XR-BUP doses were deidentified and transferred to the inpatient controlled substance inventory for administration to hospitalized patients at no charge by our Addiction Medicine Consult Service after a period of sublingual buprenorphine stabilization. Our reallocation pathway bypassed several existing XR-BUP regulatory barriers to allow for inpatient administration.

Results
To date, we have transferred approximately 85 XR-BUP 300 mg doses to the inpatient controlled substance inventory. This equates to a cost savings of nearly $145,000.

Conclusions
Reallocation of XR-BUP from an outpatient to inpatient setting increased postdischarge buprenorphine treatment access while also reducing health care costs by repurposing an expensive medication that would otherwise go to waste. Use of reallocated XR-BUP in the inpatient setting may pave the way for addition of XR-BUP to the hospital's formulary to minimize treatment gaps after discharge.