bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Oryol Oblast, Russia
Authors: Safina Ksenia R , Sidorina Yulia , Efendieva Natalya , Belonosova Elena , Saleeva Darya , Kirichenko Alina , Kireev Dmitry , Pokrovsky Vadim , Bazykin Georgii A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Russia is growing, with approximately 100,000 people infected annually. Molecular epidemiology can provide insight into the structure and dynamics of the epidemic. However, its applicability in Russia is limited by the weakness of genetic surveillance, as viral genetic data are only available for &lt;1 per cent of cases. Here, we provide a detailed description of the HIV-1 epidemic for one geographic region of Russia, Oryol Oblast, by collecting and sequencing viral samples from about a third of its known HIV-positive population (768 out of 2,157 patients). We identify multiple introductions of HIV-1 into Oryol Oblast, resulting in eighty-two transmission lineages that together comprise 66 per cent of the samples. Most introductions are of subtype A (315/332), the predominant HIV-1 subtype in Russia, followed by CRF63 and subtype B. Bayesian analysis estimates the effective reproduction number Re for subtype A at 2.8 [1.7–4.4], in line with a growing epidemic. The frequency of CRF63 has been growing more rapidly, with the median Re of 11.8 [4.6–28.7], in agreement with recent reports of this variant rising in frequency in some regions of Russia. In contrast to the patterns described previously in European and North American countries, we see no overrepresentation of males in transmission lineages; meanwhile, injecting drug users are overrepresented in transmission lineages. This likely reflects the structure of the HIV-1 epidemic in Russia dominated by heterosexual and, to a smaller extent, people who inject drugs transmission. Samples attributed to men who have sex with men (MSM) transmission are associated with subtype B and are less prevalent than expected from the male-to-female ratio for this subtype, suggesting underreporting of the MSM transmission route. Together, our results provide a high-resolution description of the HIV-1 epidemic in Oryol Oblast, Russia, characterized by frequent interregional transmission, rapid growth of the epidemic, and rapid displacement of subtype A with the recombinant CRF63 variant.
Drought Tolerance Traits in Neotropical Trees Correlate with the Composition of Phyllosphere Fungal Communities
Authors: Cambon Marine C. , Cartry Dinïa , Chancerel Emilie , Ziegler Camille , Levionnois Sebastien , Coste Sabrina , Stahl Clément , Delzon Sylvain , Buée Marc , Burban Benoit , Cazal Jocelyne , Fort Tania , Goret Jean-Yves , Heuret Patrick , Léger Patrick , Louisanna Elianne , Ritter Yves , Bonal Damien , Roy Mélanie , Schimann Heidy , Vacher Corinne 
Published: June 2022

Plant-associated microorganisms have been shown to aid plants in coping with drought. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and there is uncertainty regarding which microbial taxa and functions are mostly involved. We explored these issues in Neotropical rainforests and identified foliar microorganisms that may play a role in drought tolerance of trees. Our objectives were to (i) test the relationship between drought tolerance traits in Neotropical trees and the diversity and composition of their foliar fungal and bacterial communities and (ii) identify leaf microbial taxa positively or negatively associated with drought tolerance traits. Our results showed that the composition of leaf fungal communities but not bacterial communities was related to drought tolerance. We identified 27 fungal amplicon sequence variants whose relative abundance covaried with drought tolerance traits. Most variants were assigned to fungal clades often described as plant pathogens and increased in abundance with drought susceptibility. This greater relative abundance of leaf pathogens in the most drought-susceptible trees might increase their vulnerability to climate change. Moreover, we identified the Strelitziana and Ochroconis fungal genera as potential candidates for future culture-dependent studies aimed at understanding and improving drought tolerance in Neotropical forests. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Measuring the Impact of Cardiotocograph Decision Support Software on Neonatal Outcomes: A Propensity Score-Matched Observational Study
Authors: Wilson Emily , Dunn Liam , Beckmann Michael , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021;61:876–881)
Continuous intrapartum cardiotocograph (CTG) monitoring during labor is thought to be a method to prevent fetal hypoxia-related birth injury. Although its use has been associated with fewer neonatal seizures, its impact on perinatal mortality or cerebral palsy is unclear.
Defining Properly Collected Urine: Thresholds to Improve the Accuracy of Urinalysis for Microscopic Hematuria Evaluation in Women
Authors: Chen Andrew , Caron Ashley , Jackson Nicholas J. , Kanji Falisha , Kuhlmann Paige , Le Christina H. , Eilber Karyn S. , Anger Jennifer T. , Ackerman A. Lenore 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from J Urol 2022;207:385–391)
One of the most common urological referrals from primary care providers is microscopic hematuria (MH). Because previous studies have reported high levels of both skin and vaginal contamination in urine samples required for these tests, this study aimed to assess possible improvements in the diagnosis of MH in women via the utility of catheterized specimens.
Survival With Cemiplimab in Recurrent Cervical Cancer
Authors: Tewari Krishnansu S. , Monk Bradley J. , Vergote Ignace , Miller Austin , de Melo Andreia C. , Kim Hee-Seung , Kim Yong Man , Lisyanskaya Alla , Samouëlian Vanessa , Lorusso Domenica , Damian Fernanda , Chang Chih-Long , Gotovkin Evgeniy A. , Takahashi Shunji , Ramone Daniella , Pikiel Joanna , Maćkowiak-Matejczyk Beata , Alía Eva M. Guerra , Colombo Nicoletta , Makarova Yulia , Rischin Danny , Lheureux Stephanie , Hasegawa Kosei , Fujiwara Keiichi , Li Jingjin , Jamil Shaheda , Jankovic Vladimir , Chen Chieh-I , Seebach Frank , Weinreich David M. , Yancopoulos George D. , Lowy Israel , Mathias Melissa , Fury Matthew G. , Oaknin Ana 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2022;386(6):544–555)
Despite widespread implementation of cervical cancer screening and prevention programs including cytologic assessment and high-risk human papillomavirus DNA detection as well as effective vaccines, the incidence of cervical cancer remains high. Treatment varies based on stage and grade and involves a combination of surgery, platinum-based chemotherapy, bevacizumab, chemoradiation, and intracavitary brachytherapy.
Who Is Providing Contraception Care in the United States? An Observational Study of the Contraception Workforce
Authors: Chen Candice , Strasser Julia , Banawa Rachel , Luo Qian , Bodas Mandar , Castruccio-Prince Catarina , Das Kirsten , Pittman Patricia 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;226:232.e1–232.e11)
The health care workforce that provides contraceptive care in the United States is composed of reproductive health specialists and general primary care providers of various training levels. Access to these services depends on both the local availability of providers and the types of services offered by those providers.
Exploring Social Determinants of Posttraumatic Pain, Distress, Depression, and Recovery Through Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Nonlinear Trends
Authors: Walton David M. , Elliott James M. , Schabrun Siobhan , Modarresi Shirin , Seo Wonjin , May Curtis 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
Pain, distress, and depression are predictors of posttrauma pain and recovery. We hypothesized that pretrauma characteristics of the person could predict posttrauma severity and recovery.

Methods:
Sex, age, body mass index, income, education level, employment status, pre-existing chronic pain or psychopathology, and recent life stressors were collected from adults with acute musculoskeletal trauma through self-report. In study 1 (cross-sectional, n=128), pain severity was captured using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), distress through the Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale (TIDS) and depression through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). In study 2 (longitudinal, n=112) recovery was predicted using scores on the Satisfaction and Recovery Index (SRI) and differences within and between classes were compared with identify pre-existing predictors of posttrauma recovery.

Results:
Through bivariate, linear and nonlinear, and regression analyses, 8.4% (BPI) to 42.9% (PHQ-9) of variance in acute-stage predictors of chronicity was explainable through variables knowable before injury. In study 2 (longitudinal), latent growth curve analysis identified 3 meaningful SRI trajectories over 12 months. Trajectory 1 (start satisfied, stay satisfied [51%]) was identifiable by lower TIDS, BPI, and PHQ-9 scores, higher household income and less likely psychiatric comorbidity. The other 2 trajectories (start dissatisfied, stay dissatisfied [29%] versus start dissatisfied, become satisfied [20%]) were similar across most variables at baseline save for the “become satisfied” group being mean 10 years older and entering the study with a worse (lower) SRI score.

Discussion:
The results indicate that 3 commonly reported predictors of chronic musculoskeletal pain (BPI, TIDS, PHQ-9) could be predicted by variables not related to the injurious event itself. The 3-trajectory recovery model mirrors other prior research in the field, though 2 trajectories look very similar at baseline despite very different 12-month outcomes. Researchers are encouraged to design studies that integrate, rather than exclude, the pre-existing variables described here.
Gestational Hypertensive Disorders and Maternal Breast Cancer Risk in a Nationwide Cohort of 40,720 Parous Women
Authors: Goldberg Mandy , Díaz-Santana Mary V. , O’Brien Katie M. , Zhao Shanshan , Weinberg Clarice R. , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension are hypothesized to be associated with reduced maternal breast cancer risk, but the epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive. Our objective was to examine associations between gestational hypertensive disorders and breast cancer in a nationwide cohort of women with a family history of breast cancer.

Methods:
Women ages 35–74 years who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer, but had never had breast cancer themselves, were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003 to 2009 (N = 50,884). At enrollment, participants reported diagnoses of eclampsia, preeclampsia, or gestational hypertension in each pregnancy. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between history of a gestational hypertensive disorder and incident invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ among 40,720 parous women. We used age as the time scale and adjusted for birth cohort, race–ethnicity, and reproductive, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. We examined effect measure modification by risk factors for gestational hypertensive disease and breast cancer and assessed possible etiologic heterogeneity across tumor characteristics.

Results:
The prevalence of gestational hypertensive disease was 12%. During follow-up (mean = 10.9 years), 3,198 eligible women self-reported a breast cancer diagnosis. History of a gestational hypertensive disorder was not associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.1). We did not observe clear evidence of effect measure modification or etiologic heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
History of a gestational hypertensive disorder was not associated with breast cancer risk in a cohort of women with a first-degree family history of breast cancer.
MACULAR MICROVASCULATURE IN X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS
Authors: Kwon Hye Ji , Kim You Na , Min Chan Hong , Kim Yoon Jeon , Lee Junyeop , Lee Joo Yong , Yoon Young Hee 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
The study aimed to evaluate the macular microvasculature of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) and identify correlations between vascular changes, structural changes, and functional outcome.

Methods:
Genetically confirmed XLRS patients and heathy control subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, dilated funduscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. Schisis distribution, outer plexiform layer discontinuation, photoreceptor layer thickness, and photoreceptor outer segment length were reviewed using optical coherence tomography. Vascular flow density and foveal thickness at foveal and parafoveal area were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:
A total of 17 eyes of 9 XLRS patients and 22 eyes of 11 control subjects were examined from July 2018 to August 2020. Flow density in the deep capillary plexus at foveal and parafoveal area decreased in XLRS patients compared with control subjects (P = 0.014 and 0.001, respectively), whereas foveal avascular zone area and perimeter remarkably increased (P = 0.015 and 0.001, respectively). Although outer and total retinal layers were significantly thicker in XLRS, inner retinal layer was thinner with reduced photoreceptor layer thickness and shortened photoreceptor outer segment length (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Foveal flow loss in deep capillary plexus, foveal avascular zone enlargement, thinner inner retina and photoreceptor layer thickness, and shortened photoreceptor outer segment length correlated with best-corrected visual acuity.

Conclusion:
X-linked retinoschisis eyes exhibit decreased flow density in the deep capillary plexus and variable foveal avascular zone with enlarged perimeter. Structural deterioration of the photoreceptor best reflects the degenerative changes, whereas microvascular alteration shows considerable correlation with functional outcome in XLRS.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of incidental thyroid carcinoma in euthyroid patients receiving total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Wei-Hsin , Chen Chih-Yi 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for multinodular goiter (MNG). In some of these cases, incidental thyroid cancer (ITC) is detected postoperatively. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), the most common type of ITC, has clinical factors and pathologic similarities with ITC that have not been well clarified previously. We investigated the incidence and characteristics of ITC and PTMC in euthyroid patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for MNG.

Methods:
We retrospectively investigated the data of 151 euthyroid patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for MNG between January 2016 and December 2020. Patients with PTMC were then selected from among those with ITC for further data analysis.

Results:
The incidence rates of ITC and PTMC were 31.1% (47/151) and 21.1% (32/151), respectively. The mean age of patients with ITC was 52.8 ± 11.7 years, which was younger than that of patients with benign MNG (57.2 ± 12.5 years, p < 0.05). Bilateral cancer was observed in 17 patients with ITC (17/47, 36.2%) and nine with PTMC (9/32, 28.1%). The numbers of patients in the ITC and PTMC groups whose cancer was not on the side comprising the dominant tumor were 15 (15/47, 31.9%) and 13 (13/32, 40.6%), respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger age was a clinical factor associated with ITC and PTMC.

Conclusion:
Younger age is a clinical factor for ITC and PTMC. We recommend taking considering clinical factors and pathologic characteristics of ITC and PTC when considering total thyroidectomy in euthyroid patients with MNG.
Vasopressors and Enteral Nutrition in the Survival Rate of Children During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Alexander Erin , Absah Imad , Steien Dana B. , Grothe Rayna , Crow Sheri 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:Nutrition support is essential in improving outcome and survival in children on extra corporal membranous support (ECMO). We aim to evaluate the association between the timing of enteral nutrition (EN) initiation and its impact on outcome.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the electronic health records of children (≤18 years) from November 2014 to November 2019 who were on veno-arterial ECMO for ≥48 hours. Abstracted data included demographics, ECMO indication and duration, timing of EN initiation, change in weight-for-agezscore (WAZ), and survival rate. The vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) was calculated to assess illness acuity.Results:We identified 76 children with median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 0.3 years (0–2.6), 46 of which were infants (59%) who required ECMO for a median (IQR) of 10 days (6–22). Thirty-six (47%) survived to hospital discharge. EN was initiated in 55 (72%) of patients while on ECMO. EN initiation by day 3 of ECMO was positively associated with survival (P= 0.0438). VIS at the time of EN initiation was lower in surviving infants (P= 0.022). Children who achieved enteral autonomy were more likely to survive (P= 0.0024). Survivors had greater WAZs at ECMO completion (P= 0.0004).Conclusions:Initiation of EN by day 3 of ECMO and at a lower VIS is associated with greater likelihood of survival.
Symptoms of Women With High-Risk Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chan John K. , Tian Chunqiao , Kesterson Joshua P. , Monk Bradley J. , Kapp Daniel S. , Davidson Brittany , Robertson Sharon , Copeland Larry J. , Walker Joan L. , Wenham Robert M. , Casablanca Yovanni , Spirtos Nick M. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Bell Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;139:157–162)
Ovarian cancer represents a disproportionate amount of mortality associated with gynecologic malignancies, with more than 13,940 deaths annually. Two factors that significantly contribute to this are the phenomenon that most women are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and most develop recurrent and chemoresistant disease.
Increased Rates of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes and Depression
Authors: Packer Claire H. , Pilliod Rachel A. , Chatroux Louisa R. , Caughey Aaron B. , Valent Amy M. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021;34:3862–3866)
Approximately 10% of pregnant women are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite interventions such as nutrition education, exercise, and pharmacotherapy, women with GDM continue to have higher rates of adverse perinatal outcomes than those without GDM.
A Case of Fatal Exsanguination by a Japanese Short Sword
Authors: Sonoda Ai , Shinkawa Norihiro , Kakizaki Eiji , Yukawa Nobuhiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We report a rare case of fatal exsanguination by a wakizashi, a Japanese short sword (shinken). A man in his 60s was found lying on his back on his bed. He was in cardiopulmonary arrest when the ambulance crew arrived and was pronounced dead on arrival at the hospital. A wakizashi with blood stains on the blade was found on the floor, and blood was present on the bed sheets on which the man was found. Autopsy revealed an incised wound extending diagonally from superolaterally to inferomedially on the anterior left thigh as the only injury. The wound appeared mostly straight, approximately 44 cm long and 9 cm deep, with smooth walls. The left femoral artery and vein had been cleanly severed, and the cause of death was determined to be blood loss from the severed blood vessels. The wakizashi (blade length, 45 cm) was large enough to have caused the wound, and the left thigh was presumed to have been incised by a downward slash from the sword.
Suicide by Gaseous Displacement of Atmospheric Oxygen With Carbon Dioxide From Dry Ice Sublimation
Authors: Righi Fabiola A. , Brown Patrice , Hagen Catherine , Quinton Reade A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Deaths from gaseous substances can occur from exposure to toxic gases or from accumulation of nontoxic gases that displace oxygen. We present a 38-year-old man with no known medical history, who was found deceased in a small bathroom with blankets and towels shoved under the door from the inside.
At autopsy, the decedent was found to be in a moderate state of decomposition. There was mild pulmonary congestion, with no other significant findings. Standard postmortem toxicology on femoral blood was noncontributory.
A search of the decedent's cell phone revealed statements and internet searches regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) and asphyxia using dry ice. A journal entry also outlined a suicide plan using large amounts of dry ice, which was enacted by placing a laundry basket of dry ice into a bathtub containing water. Based on the investigation, the cause of death was determined to be asphyxia from displacement of oxygen with CO2.
Dry ice sublimates into gaseous CO2, which quickly accumulates, with concentrations of 10% or more, rapidly becoming life-threatening. There are no pathognomonic autopsy findings seen in CO2-related asphyxia. In these circumstances, scene investigation is the most important factor in determining cause of death.
Relapsing Polychondritis as a Cause of Sudden and Unexpected Death With Central Nervous System Involvement
Authors: Lokken Alexander , Wang Amber 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare inflammatory disease process that affects cartilaginous tissues throughout the body. Although the pathogenesis remains unknown, RP is thought to be an autoimmune disorder in which host immune cells are conditioned to attack the body's cartilage, such as the ears, nose, eyes, joints, and airways, resulting in inflammation and destruction of otherwise healthy tissues. In rare and unusual cases, neurological involvement has been described.
We report a case of a 36-year-old man with a medical history of asthma and suspected seronegative rheumatoid arthritis/RP and panuveitis who was found deceased in his residence. Postmortem examination revealed cartilaginous destruction of the external ear and large airways and meningoencephalitis involving the left medial temporal lobe without an underlying infectious cause.
Progressive destruction of airway tissue and increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection is the most common cause of death in RP. Central nervous system involvement is exceedingly rare, presenting with highly variable clinical and pathological manifestations. A review of RP and systemic manifestations will follow. Accurate recognition of this multisystem autoimmune disease as a cause of sudden and unexpected death is critical for proper death certification and to broaden our understanding of this disease.