bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of newborn health interventions in humanitarian settings
Authors: Rodo Mariana , Duclos Diane , DeJong Jocelyn , Akik Chaza , Singh Neha S 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAlmost half of the under-5 deaths occur in the neonatal period and most can be prevented with quality newborn care. The already vulnerable state of newborns is exacerbated in humanitarian settings. This review aims to assess the current evidence of the interventions being provided in these contexts, identify strategies that increase their utilisation and their effects on health outcomes in order to inform involved actors in the field and to guide future research.MethodsSearched for peer-reviewed and grey literature in four databases and in relevant websites, for published studies between 1990 and 15 November 2021. Search terms were related to newborns, humanitarian settings, low-income and middle-income countries and newborn health interventions. Quality assessment using critical appraisal tools appropriate to the study design was conducted. Data were extracted and analysed using a narrative synthesis approach.ResultsA total of 35 articles were included in this review, 33 peer-reviewed and 2 grey literature publications. The essential newborn care (ENC) interventions reported varied across the studies and only three used the Newborn Health in Humanitarian Settings: Field Guide as a guideline document. The ENC interventions most commonly reported were thermal care and feeding support whereas delaying of cord clamping and administration of vitamin K were the least. Training of healthcare workers was the most frequent strategy reported to increase utilisation. Community interventions, financial incentives and the provision of supplies and equipment were also reported.ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence documenting the reality of newborn care in humanitarian settings in low-income and middle-income countries. There is a need to improve the reporting of these interventions, including when there are gaps in service provision. More evidence is needed on the strategies used to increase their utilisation and the effect on health outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199639.
Application of a data-driven XGBoost model for the prediction of COVID-19 in the USA: a time-series study
Authors: Fang Zheng-gang , Yang Shu-qin , Lv Cai-xia , An Shu-yi , Wu Wei 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China, and has been acknowledged as a pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. Predicting the trend of COVID-19 is of great significance for its prevention. A comparison between the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was conducted to determine which was more accurate for anticipating the occurrence of COVID-19 in the USA.DesignTime-series study.SettingThe USA was the setting for this study.Main outcome measuresThree accuracy metrics, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), were applied to evaluate the performance of the two models.ResultsIn our study, for the training set and the validation set, the MAE, RMSE and MAPE of the XGBoost model were less than those of the ARIMA model.ConclusionsThe XGBoost model can help improve prediction of COVID-19 cases in the USA over the ARIMA model.
Differences in emergency nurse triage between a simulated setting and the real world, post hoc analysis of a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Morreel Stefan , Verhoeven Veronique , Philips Hilde , Meysman Jasmine , Homburg Ines , De Graeve Diana , Monsieurs KG 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesIn the TRIAGE trial, a cluster randomised trial about diverting emergency department (ED) patients to a general practice cooperative (GPC) using a new extension to the Manchester Triage System, the difference in the proportion of patients assigned to the GPC was striking: 13.3% in the intervention group (patients were encouraged to comply to an ED or GPC assignment, real-world setting) and 24.7% in the control group (the assignment was not communicated, all remained at the ED, simulated setting). In this secondary analysis, we assess the differences in the use of the triage tool between intervention and control group and differences in costs and hospitalisations for patients assigned to the GPC.SettingED of a general hospital and the adjacent GPC.Participants8038 patients (6294 intervention and 1744 control).Primary and secondary outcome measures proportion of patients with triage parameters (reason for encounter, discriminator and urgency category) leading to an assignment to the ED, proportion of patients for which the computer-generated GPC assignment was overruled, motivations for choosing certain parameters, costs (invoices) and hospitalisations.ResultsAn additional 3.1% (p<0.01) of the patients in the intervention group were classified as urgent. Discriminators leading to the ED were registered for an additional 16.2% (p<0.01), mainly because of a perceived need for imaging. Nurses equally chose flow charts leading to the ED (p=0.41) and equally overruled the protocol (p=0.91). In the intervention group, the mean cost for patients assigned to the GPC was €23 (p<0.01) lower and less patients with an assignment to the GPC were hospitalised (1.0% vs 1.6%, p<0.01).ConclusionNurses used a triage tool more risk averse when it was used to divert patients to primary care as compared with a theoretical assignment to primary care. Outcomes from a simulated setting should not be extrapolated to real patients.Trial registration numberNCT03793972.
Identifying the top research priorities in medically not yet explained symptoms (MNYES): a James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership
Authors: van der Feltz-Cornelis Christina Maria , Sweetman Jennifer , Edwards Mark , Gall Nicholas , Gilligan Jennifer , Hayle Stephanie , Kaul Arvind , Moriarty Andrew Stephen , Perros Petros , Sampford James , Smith Natalie , Elfeddali Iman , Varley Danielle , Gower Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThis study establishes research priorities for medically not yet explained symptoms (MNYES), also known as persistent physical symptoms or medically unexplained symptoms, from the perspective of patients, caregivers and clinicians, in a priority setting partnership (PSP) following the James Lind Alliance (JLA) approach. Research into such symptoms in general has been poorly funded over the years and so far has been primarily researcher-led with minimal input from patients, caregivers and clinicians; and sometimes has been controversial.DesignJLA PSP method. The PSP termed these symptoms MNYES.MethodsThe study was conducted according to the JLA’s detailed methodology for conducting priority setting exercises. It involved five key stages: defining the appropriate term for the conditions under study by the PSP Steering Group; gathering questions on MNYES from patients, caregivers and clinicians in a publicly accessible survey; checking these research questions against existing evidence; interim prioritisation in a second survey; and a final multi-stakeholder consensus meeting to determine the top 10 unanswered research questions using the modified nominal group methodology.ResultsOver 700 responses from UK patients, caregivers and clinicians were identified in the two surveys and charities contributed from a broad range of medical specialties and primary care. The final top 10 unanswered research questions cover, among others: treatment strategies, personalisation of treatment, collaborative care pathways, training for clinicians and outcomes that matter to patients.InterpretationThe top 10 unanswered research questions are expected to generate much needed, relevant and impactful research into MNYES.
Effectiveness of the Med Safety mobile application in improving adverse drug reaction reporting by healthcare professionals in Uganda: a protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kiguba Ronald , Mwebaza Norah , Ssenyonga Ronald , Ndagije Helen Byomire , Nambasa Victoria , Katureebe Cordelia , Katumba Kenneth , Tregunno Phil , Harrison Kendal , Karamagi Charles , Scott Kathryn A , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionCombination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has massively reduced HIV mortality. However, long-term cART increases the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which can lead to higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs for people living with HIV (PLHIV).Pharmacovigilance—monitoring the effects of medicines—is essential for understanding real-world drug safety. In Uganda, pharmacovigilance systems have only recently been developed, and rates of ADR reporting for cART are very low. Thus, the safety profile of medicines currently used to treat HIV and tuberculosis in our population is poorly understood.The Med Safety mobile application has been developed through the European Union’s Innovative Medicines Initiative WEB-Recognising Adverse Drug Reactions project to promote digital pharmacovigilance. This mobile application has been approved for ADR-reporting by Uganda’s National Drug Authority. However, the barriers and facilitators to Med Safety uptake, and its effectiveness in improving pharmacovigilance, are as yet unknown.Methods and analysisA pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial will be implemented over 30 months at 191 intervention and 191 comparison cART sites to evaluate Med Safety. Using a randomisation sequence generated by the sealed envelope software, we shall randomly assign the 382 prescreened cART sites to the intervention and comparison arms. Each cART site is a cluster that consists of healthcare professionals and PLHIV receiving dolutegravir-based cART and/or isoniazid preventive therapy. Healthcare professionals enrolled in the intervention arm will be trained in the use of mobile-based, paper-based and web-based reporting, while those in the comparison arm will be trained in paper-based and web-based reporting only.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was given by the School of Biomedical Sciences Research and Ethics Committee at Makerere University (SBS-REC-720), and administrative clearance was obtained from Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS1366ES). Study results will be shared with healthcare professionals, policymakers, the public and academia.Trial registration numberPACTR202009822379650.
Human MAIT cells are devoid of alloreactive potential: prompting their use as universal cells for adoptive immune therapy
Authors: Tourret Marie , Talvard-Balland Nana , Lambert Marion , Ben Youssef Ghada , Chevalier Mathieu F , Bohineust Armelle , Yvorra Thomas , Morin Florence , Azarnoush Saba , Lantz Olivier , Dalle Jean-Hugues , Caillat-Zucman Sophie 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are semi-invariant T cells that recognize microbial antigens presented by the highly conserved MR1 molecule. MAIT cells are predominantly localized in the liver and barrier tissues and are potent effectors of antimicrobial defense. MAIT cells are very few at birth and accumulate gradually over a period of about 6 years during the infancy. The cytotoxic potential of MAIT cells, as well as their newly described regulatory and tissue repair functions, open the possibility of exploiting their properties in adoptive therapy. A prerequisite for their use as ‘universal’ cells would be a lack of alloreactive potential, which remains to be demonstrated.MethodsWe used ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo models to determine if human MAIT cells contribute to allogeneic responses.ResultsWe show that recovery of MAIT cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recapitulates their slow physiological expansion in early childhood, independent of recovery of non-MAIT T cells. In vitro, signals provided by allogeneic cells and cytokines do not induce sustained MAIT cell proliferation. In vivo, human MAIT cells do not expand nor accumulate in tissues in a model of T-cell-mediated xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease in immunodeficient mice.ConclusionsAltogether, these results provide evidence that MAIT cells are devoid of alloreactive potential and pave the way for harnessing their translational potential in universal adoptive therapy overcoming barriers of HLA disparity.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov numberNCT02403089.
Disorders of gut-brain interaction in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Golla Rithvik , Vuyyuru Sudheer Kumar , Kante Bhaskar , Kedia Saurabh , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the devastating pandemic which has caused more than 5 million deaths across the world until today. Apart from causing acute respiratory illness and multiorgan dysfunction, there can be long-term multiorgan sequalae after recovery, which is termed ‘long COVID-19’ or ‘post-acute COVID-19 syndrome’. Little is known about long-term gastrointestinal (GI) consequences, occurrence of post-infection functional gastrointestinal disorders and impact the virus may have on overall intestinal health. In this review, we put forth the various mechanisms which may lead to this entity and possible ways to diagnose and manage this disorder. Hence, making physicians aware of this spectrum of disease is of utmost importance in the present pandemic and this review will help clinicians understand and suspect the occurrence of functional GI disease post recovery from COVID-19 and manage it accordingly, avoiding unnecessary misconceptions and delay in treatment.
The relationship between interstitial lung abnormalities, mortality, and multimorbidity: a cohort study
Authors: Sanders Jason Leigh , Axelsson Gisli , Putman Rachel , Menon Aravind , Dupuis Josée , Xu Hanfei , Wang Shuai , Murabito Joanne , Vasan Ramachandran , Araki Tetsuro , Nishino Mizuki , Washko George R , Hatabu Hiroto , O'Connor George , Gudmundsson Gunnar , Gudnason Vilmundur , Hunninghake Gary M 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundInterstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are associated with increased mortality. It is unclear whether multimorbidity accounts for the mortality association or how strongly ILA is associated with mortality relative to other common age-associated diseases. We determined the association of ILA with all-cause mortality adjusted for multimorbidity, compared mortality associated with ILA and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer and also determined the association between ILA and these diseases.MethodsWe measured ILA (none, indeterminant, definite) using blinded reads of CT images, prevalent chronic diseases and potential confounders in two observational cohorts, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (n=2449) and Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility - Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik) (n=5180). We determined associations with mortality using Cox proportional hazards models and between ILA and diseases with multinomial logistic regression.ResultsOver a median (IQR) follow-up of 8.8 (1.4) years in FHS and 12.0 (7.7) years in AGES-Reykjavik, in adjusted models, ILAs were significantly associated with increased mortality (HR, 95% CI 1.95, 1.23 to 3.08, p=0.0042, in FHS; HR 1.60, 1.41 to 1.82, p<0.0001, in AGES-Reykjavik) adjusted for multimorbidity. In both cohorts, the association of ILA with mortality was of similar magnitude to the association of most other diseases. In adjusted models, ILAs were associated only with prevalent kidney disease (OR, 95% CI 1.90, 1.01 to 3.57, p=0.0452) in FHS and with prevalent CVD (OR 1.42, 1.12 to 1.81, p=0.0040) in AGES-Reykjavik.ConclusionsILAs were associated with mortality adjusted for multimorbidity and were similarly associated with increased mortality compared with several common chronic diseases. ILAs were not consistently associated with the prevalence of these diseases themselves.
Genome organization of major tandem repeats and their specificity for heterochromatin of macro- and microchromosomes in Japanese quail
Authors: Kulak Maria , Komissarov Aleksey , Fillon Valerie , Tsukanova Kseniya , Saifitdinova Alsu , Galkina Svetlana 
Published: July 2022

Tandemly repeated DNAs form heterochromatic regions of chromosomes, including the vital centromeric chromatin. Despite the progress in new genomic technologies, tandem repeats remain poorly deciphered and need targeted analysis in the species of interest. The Japanese quail is one of the highest-producing poultry species as well as a model organism. Its genome differs by a noticeable accumulation of heterochromatin, which led to an increase by 1/7 compared to the chicken genome size. Prominent heterochromatin blocks occupy the short arms of acrocentric macrochromosomes and of microchromosomes. We have applied de novo repeat finder approach to unassembled raw reads of the Japanese quail genome. We identified the 20 most common tandem repeats with the abundance >1 Mb, which represent about 4.8% of the genome. We found that tandem repeat CjapSAT primarily contributes to the centromeric regions of the macrochromosomes CJA1–8. Cjap31B together with previously characterized BglII makes up centromere regions of microchromosomes and W chromosome. Other repeats populate heterochromatin of microchromosomal short arms in unequal proportions, as revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The Cjap84A, Cjap408A, and CjapSAT repeat sequences show similarities to retrotransposon motifs. This suggests that retroelements may have played a crucial role in the distribution of repeats throughout the Japanese quail genome.
Mechanism to control the internal structure of thick brane
Authors: Bazeia D. , Lobão A. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work we study braneworlds generated by several scalar fields. The investigation describes the necessary formalism to examine models and evaluate the conditions for the stability of the gravitational sector under linear perturbations. In particular, we develop a mechanism that help us investigate distinct situations controlled by two and by three fields, focusing on how the fields can be used to modify the internal structure of the brane.
Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits and Lower Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Possess Latent Relation to Cardiovascular Disease and Can Be a Feasible Predictor
Authors: Liang Changsen , Wang Ning 
Published: July 2022

Objective. To ascertain whether lipid-related subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) are correlated with coexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as to reveal latent serum markers of CVD. Methods. Patients older than 50 years and plagued by age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were included. Subjects with other retinal degenerations and vascular diseases, any recent treatment at other medical care institutions, and any previous oculopathy or ophthalmic surgery were excluded. All subjects were examined to ascertain whether they possess SDD, to analyze serum cholesterols, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC). Subjects were divided into SDD and non-SDD groups and further divided into subgroups by assessment of pump defect, valve defect, and carotid defect. Finally, logistic model trees and random forest algorithm analysis were performed. Results. A total of 85 AMD patients including 43 with and 42 without SDD were involved. The 42 AMD (97.67%, 42/43) patients with SDD showed CVD, including 3 subjects presenting valve defect, 3 subjects presenting carotid defect, 8 subjects presenting pump defect, 14 subjects presenting both pump and valve defects, and 14 subjects presenting pump, valve, and carotid defects. By contrast, 5 AMD (11.90%, 5/42) patients without SDD showed CVD. Cholesterol level of SDD subjects presented significant higher TC (

5.66
±
1.01

vs.

5.58
±
0.72

,

p
=
0.032

, Wilcoxon test) and lower HDL cholesterol (

61
±
17

vs.

70
±
21

,

p
=
0.031

, Wilcoxon test) than that of non-SDD. The cases with

HDL
<
62

mg
/
dL

were significantly related to CVD (

p
=
0.013

, Wilcoxon test), and the cases with

HDL
<
40

mg
/
dL

were not (

p
=
0.659

, Wilcoxon test). Through machine learning based on the image from color fundus photography, the accuracy of predicting CVD was 95%. Conclusions. The presence of SDD of AMD and lower serum HDL cholesterol level can predict certain CVD for AMD patients. The machine learning based on the SDD image and serum HDL cholesterol may open new avenue for the detection of CVD as a noninvasive approach.
Improved customer churn prediction model using word order contextualized semantics on customers’ social opinion
Authors: Ibitoye Ayodeji O. J. , Onifade Olufade F. W. 
Published: July 2022

<div align="left"><span>Through the hype in digital marketing and the continuous increase in volume and velocity of opinions about an organization’s brands, churn prediction now requires advanced analytics in opinion mining for effective customer behavioral management beyond keywords sentiment analysis (SA). Earlier, by analyzing customers’ opinions using SA models, the extracted positive-negative polarity is used to classify customers as churners or non-churner. In those methods, the impact of word order, context, and the inherent semantics of the clustered opinion set were oftentimes overlooked. However, with the consistent creation of new words with new meanings mapped to existing words on the web, the research extended the fuzzy support vector model (FSVM) to show that the dependency distance between the headword, its dependent, and tail word can be weighted by using information content derived from a corpus to generate four-classed social opinion categories as a strongly positive, positive, negative, and strong negative. These opinion classes formed the basis for the churn category as a premium customer, Inertia customer potential churner, and churner in customer behavioral management. In performance evaluation, aside from engendering quadrupled churn class against the existing churn binary pattern, better accuracy, precision, and recall values were obtained when compared with existing SA works in support vector machine and fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM), respectively. </span> </div>
Scientific tools for forming professional competence of patrol police officers
Authors: Bondarenko Valentyn , Okhrimenko Ivan , Piaskovskyi Vadym , Antoshchuk Andrii , Marchuk Alla 
Published: July 2022

<p><span lang="EN-US">In this paper, the scientific sources analysis was presented. The peculiarities of the professional competence formation of the future patrol officers were determined. Moreover, the specifics of the service activity of patrol officers were considered. The original method for the formation of professional competence of modern police officers was substantiated and tested its effectiveness. The essence of this methodology was to introduce simulated situational tasks, aimed at forming the professional skills and abilities of future police officers. The pedagogical experiment involved students of the primary vocational training course applied in 2018 (n=183) who were studying at the center of primary vocational training “Police Academy” of the National Academy of Internal Affairs (Kyiv, Ukraine). An experimental (EG, n=93) and control (CG, n=90) group were formed. Cognitive and operational criteria evaluated the efficiency of the original methodology. The results of the pedagogical experiment indicated the greater efficiency of the original methods compared to the traditional one. A significant (р&lt;0.05-0.001) improvement of the indicators “Knowledge of professional and practical course”, “Professional and practical skills formation” and “The effectiveness of solving scenarios” was designated. </span></p>