bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of the Lifestyle for Brain Health index with longitudinal cognition and brain amyloid beta in clinically unimpaired older adults: Findings from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention
Authors: Cody Karly A. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Erickson Claire M. , Berman Sara E. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Williams Victoria J. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Christian Bradley T. , Chin Nathanial A. , Clark Lindsay R. , Betthauser Tobey J. , Johnson Sterling C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionModifiable health and lifestyle factors increase risk of dementia, but whether modifiable factors, when measured in late‐midlife, impact the emergence or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiologic or cognitive changes remains unresolved.MethodsIn initially cognitively unimpaired, late middle‐aged participants (N = 1215; baseline age, M [standard deviation] = 59.3 [6.7] years) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP), we investigated the influence of the Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA) index, a lifestyle‐based dementia risk score, on AD‐related cognitive trajectories and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation.ResultsOverall, lower baseline LIBRA, denoting healthier lifestyle and lower dementia risk, was related to better overall cognitive performance, but did not moderate apolipoprotein E ε4 or Aβ‐related longitudinal cognitive trajectories. LIBRA was not significantly associated with Aβ accumulation or estimated age of Aβ onset.DiscussionIn WRAP, late‐midlife LIBRA scores were related to overall cognitive performance, but not AD‐related cognitive decline or Aβ accumulation in the preclinical timeframe.Highlights
The Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA) index was associated with cognitive performance in late‐midlife.
LIBRA did not moderate apolipoprotein E ε4 or amyloid‐related cognitive decline.
LIBRA was not associated with the onset or accumulation of amyloid plaques.
Unique Dimerization Topology and Countercation Binding Modes in 12‐Metallacrown‐4 Compounds
Authors: Salerno Elvin V. , Foley Collin M. , Marzaroli Vittoria , Schneider Bernadette L. , Sharin Max D. , Kampf Jeff W. , Marchiò Luciano , Zeller Matthias , Guillot Régis , Mallah Talal , Tegoni Matteo , Pecoraro Vincent L. , Zaleski Curtis M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeven dimeric metallacrowns (MC) based on Ln[12‐MCM(III)N(shi)‐4], where LnIII=Dy, Ho, Yb, or Y, MIII=Mn or Ga, and shi3− is salicylhydroximate, have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and for the dysprosium‐manganese dimers, the magnetic properties have been measured. In each dimer two Ln[12‐MCM(III)N(shi)‐4] units are linked by four bridging dicarboxylate anions (isophthalate, trimesate, dinicotinate, or 2,2′‐dithiodibenzoate). Three different countercations (sodium, gallium(III), or pyridinium) were used to maintain charge balance of the dimer. While pyridinium does not bind to the dimer, the choice of the dicarboxylate dictates where the countercations Na+ or GaIII bind. With isophthalate and trimesate, the sodium ion binds to the central MC cavity opposite of the LnIII, and with dinicotinate the sodium or gallium(III) ions bind to the pyridyl nitrogen of the dinicotinate. All three Dy2Mn8 dimers exhibit an out‐of‐phase magnetic susceptibility signal consistent with a shallow barrier to magnetization relaxation.
Scalable spatio‐temporal smoothing via hierarchical sparse Cholesky decomposition
Authors: Jurek Marcin , Katzfuss Matthias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe propose an approximation to the forward filter backward sampler (FFBS) algorithm for large‐scale spatio‐temporal smoothing. FFBS is commonly used in Bayesian statistics when working with linear Gaussian state‐space models, but it requires inverting covariance matrices which have the size of the latent state vector. The computational burden associated with this operation effectively prohibits its applications in high‐dimensional settings. We propose a scalable spatio‐temporal FFBS approach based on the hierarchical Vecchia approximation of Gaussian processes, which has been previously successfully used in spatial statistics. On simulated and real data, our approach outperformed a low‐rank FFBS approximation.
Effects of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide and Population Density on Behavior and Development of Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica)
Authors: Bouffard J. , Careau V. , Robinson S. A. , Bergeron P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Amphibians have been facing global declines over the last decades from direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic activities. A contributor to declines is waterway contamination from agricultural runoffs of pesticides such as neonicotinoids. Beyond direct and indirect effects of the pesticide, few studies have investigated the possible interactions between neonicotinoids and natural environmental stressors across larval development, which could alter the strength and direction of observed neonicotinoid effects. The present study used a fully crossed design to investigate how a concentration of imidacloprid (a neonicotinoid; 10 µg/L) measured in surface waters interacted with low and high population densities (0.33 and 1 tadpole/L, respectively), an important environmental stressor, to influence behavior and development across metamorphosis in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), known to breed in agricultural landscapes. Behaviors were measured in the absence and presence of predation cues using open-field tests at three distinct developmental stages, up to the metamorph stage. We found that imidacloprid did not interact with population density or independently affect behaviors in the absence of predation cues. However, individuals raised at high density compared with low density were more active at an early developmental stage but less active at metamorphic climax. Furthermore, both density and imidacloprid independently decreased the natural freezing response of tadpoles to predation cues. Finally, we found that distance traveled in the open-field test was weakly repeatable between aquatic stages but not repeatable across metamorphosis, a pattern that was not affected by treatments. The present study provides novel insights on the ecotoxicology of imidacloprid in the presence of a natural stressor, highlighting the importance of including behavioral assays and natural stressors in studies of amphibian ecotoxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2968–2980. © 2022 SETAC
Study of chemically reactive and thermally radiative Casson nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet with a heat source
Authors: Biswal Manasa Manjari , Swain Kharabela , Dash Gouranga Charan , Mishra Swetapadma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) delivery is an exciting and rapidly developing field that adequately takes care of thermal radiation in blood flow and is likely to have bearing on the therapeutic procedure of hyperthermia, blood flow, and heat transfer in capillaries. The NP parameters such as size, shape, and surface characteristics can be regulated to improve nano‐drug delivery efficiency in biological systems. The NPs outperform traditional drug delivery processes in drug carrying capacity and controlled release. The current article investigates the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of thermally radiative Casson nanofluid (NF) over a stretching sheet with chemical reaction and internal heat source. In our study, Cu and Al2O3 are taken as NPs in a suitable base fluid. The problem is analyzed by using similarity transformations and is solved with MATLAB's built‐in solver bvp4c. The effects of pertinent parameters characterizing the flow model are presented through graphs and tables. The important findings of the investigation are noted as: the use of metallic oxide is more beneficial to attain higher temperature within a few layers close to the bounding surface; the appearance of convexity and concavity in the concentration profile attributed to flow instability, and the constructive and destructive heterogeneous reactions at the bounding surface have distinct roles to modify the NF flow in the boundary layer.
Evaluation of hydrograph separation techniques with uncertain end‐member composition
Authors: Lukens Eileen , Neilson Bethany T. , Williams Kenneth H. , Brahney Janice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHydrograph separation is one of many approaches used to analyse shifts in source water contributions to stream flow resulting from climate change in remote watersheds. Understanding these shifts is vital, as shifts in source water contributions to a stream can shape water management decisions. Because remote watersheds are often inaccessible and have poorly characterized contributing water sources, or end‐members, it is critical to understand the implications of using different hydrograph separation techniques in these data‐limited environments. To explore the uncertainty associated with different techniques, results from two hydrograph separation techniques, mass balance and principle component analysis, were compared using 3 years of aqueous geochemical data from the East River watershed located in the Elk Mountains of Central Colorado. Solute concentrations of the end‐members were characterized by both a limited set of direct chemical measurements of different sources and detailed seasonal instream chemistry to examine the influences of uncertain end‐member compositions in a data‐limited environment. Annual volumetric end‐member contributions to stream flow had relatively good agreement across separation techniques. Large variations in time were observed in the hydrograph separations, depending on the end‐member type, and estimated flow contributions varied between the selected solutes. End‐member concentrations characterized by stream chemistry showed several limitations including a reduced number of distinguishable end‐members and differences in timing of flow contributions. Results highlight the benefits of using multiple hydrograph separation techniques by providing a ‘weight‐of‐evidence’ approach to environments with limited end‐member concentration data.
Analysing the effectiveness of the roundtable on sustainable palm oil's Free, Prior and Informed Consent policy to respect customary land rights
Authors: Afrizal  , Elfitra  , Zuldesni  
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article assesses the effectiveness of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil's (RSPO) Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) policy in respecting customary land rights in Indonesia using a policy implementation framework. The questions addressed are what is the practice of FPIC by oil palm companies? What is the performance of the companies in implementing the FPIC? Data from companies' documents and a survey of oil palm companies in West and Central Kalimantan show that while RSPO members are practicing the FPIC policy, their FPIC performance is inadequate, because of the absence of external monitoring of land acquisition and company reliance on inadequate Indonesian environmental law.
Low Unsaturated Fatty Acids Level in the Vertebral Bone Marrow of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Pilot 2D iDQC‐MRS on 3.0 T Study
Authors: Bao Jianfeng , Li Zongye , Zhang Yue , Zhuang Yuchuan , Li Ying , Wang Xiao , Ren Yanan , Wang Peipei , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundUnsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) of bone marrow play a critical role in osteoporosis. However, it is difficult to resolve the UFA, especially in the presence of trabecular bone, using conventional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods.PurposeTo preliminarily compare the bone marrow fatty acids (FAs) composition in the presence of trabecular bone of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and healthy controls (HC).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTotal thirty‐six postmenopausal women were recruited with CT‐confirmed PMOP (n = 19) and HC (n = 17).Field Strength/SequencesA 3 T scanner. Localized 2D intermolecular double‐quantum coherence‐based MRS (iDQC‐MRS).AssessmentIn addition to the conventional water and fat peaks, another four crossing peaks of the FAs were well resolved from the L4 vertebral bone marrow using iDQC‐MRS technique: allylic methylene (2.0 ppm), terminal methylene (2.2 ppm), diallylic methylene (2.7 ppm), and olefinic (5.3 ppm). The monounsaturated fatty acids (MOFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were then calculated.Statistical TestsDifferences between PMOP and HC were investigated using the analysis of a t‐test, and the relationships were investigated using regression analysis.ResultsMOFAs and PUFAs fractions were significantly lower in the PMOP group compared to the HC group. In contrast, the saturated FAs fraction is significantly higher in the PMOP group. Additionally, decreased PUFAs, MOFAs were moderately negatively correlated with the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the PMOP group. Furthermore, increased SFAs in PMOP were strongly associated with vBMD.Data ConclusionUsing spectra resolution enhanced 2D iDQC‐MRS technique, we observed low unsaturated FAs levels in the vertebral bone marrow of the PMOP patients. The reduced unsaturated FAs levels in PMOP may be associated with dysfunction of the balance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage1.
Prediction of Morphology Distribution within Injection Molded Parts Obtained with Fast Cavity Heating Cycles: Effect of Packing Pressure
Authors: Speranza Vito , Liparoti Sara , Pantani Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe injection molding process is successfully applied to the production of polymer parts in several fields, from transportation to biomedice. Short processing times and high dimensional accuracy are the main factors promoting its diffusion. Fast cavity heating cycles contribute to enhancing the part accuracy at the micrometrical level, duration, and the mechanical properties. The advantages of cavity temperature modulation lead to a great interest in process simulation in the presence of a heating device. However, only a few works focus on the prediction of morphology development during the process. In semicrystalline parts, the morphology is composed of spherulites at the core and fibrils at the surface; the fibrils formation is marginally explored, although determining the mechanical performances. In this work, a two‐step approach is proposed to predict fibril formation in the case of a well‐characterized polypropylene. The first step describes temperature and flow fields during the process; the second step adopts the outputs of the first one for describing fibril formation. Several temperature cycles are selected for the cavity surface, and two pressures are selected for the packing stage. The simulation outputs for temperature, pressure evolutions, and morphology distributions, successfully compare with the experimental findings.
Putaminal Recombinant Glucocerebrosidase Delivery with Magnetic Resonance–Guided Focused Ultrasound in Parkinson's Disease: A Phase I Study
Authors: Meng Ying , Pople Christopher B. , Huang Yuexi , Jones Ryan M. , Ottoy Julie , Goubran Maged , Oliveira Lais M. , Davidson Benjamin , Lawrence Liam S.P. , Lau Angus Z. , Bethune Allison , Maralani Pejman , Abrahao Agessandro , Hamani Clement , Hynynen Kullervo , Kalia Suneil K. , Lipsman Nir , Kalia Lorraine V. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBackground
GBA1 mutation is the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Replacement of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) slows neurodegeneration in PD models and may be a promising disease‐modifying therapy in patients with PD. However, recombinant GCase has limited penetration through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Microbubble‐mediated magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) can reversibly disrupt the BBB for drug delivery.MethodsThis open‐label phase I study investigated the safety and feasibility of MRgFUS putaminal delivery of intravenous GCase at escalating doses (15 to 30 to 60 IU/kg) every 2 weeks in four patients with PD with GBA1 mutations.ResultsBBB permeability was achieved and restored in all patients as quantified by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after treatment. There were no serious adverse events. Two patients developed transient dyskinesia after treatment. Blinded Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores off medication decreased by 12% at 6 months from baseline (from 26 ± 9 to 22 ± 6). Standardized uptake value ratio on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging in the treated putamen reduced from 1.66 ± 0.14 to 1.27 ± 0.08.ConclusionsResults from this study demonstrate the safety and feasibility of MRgFUS GCase delivery in PD and support further investigation of this approach. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
In vivo pH mapping with omega plot‐based quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Ji Yang , Lu Dongshuang , Sun Phillip Zhe , Zhou Iris Y. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is promising for detecting dilute metabolites and microenvironment properties, which has been increasingly adopted in imaging disorders such as acute stroke and cancer. However, in vivo CEST MRI quantification remains challenging because routine asymmetry analysis (MTRasym) or Lorentzian decoupling measures a combined effect of the labile proton concentration and its exchange rate. Therefore, our study aimed to quantify amide proton concentration and exchange rate independently in a cardiac arrest‐induced global ischemia rat model.MethodsThe amide proton CEST (APT) effect was decoupled from tissue water, macromolecular magnetization transfer, nuclear Overhauser enhancement, guanidinium, and amine protons using the image downsampling expedited adaptive least‐squares (IDEAL) fitting algorithm on Z‐spectra obtained under multiple RF saturation power levels, before and after global ischemia. Omega plot analysis was applied to determine amide proton concentration and exchange rate simultaneously.ResultsGlobal ischemia induces a significant APT signal drop from intact tissue. Using the modified omega plot analysis, we found that the amide proton exchange rate decreased from 29.6 ± 5.6 to 12.1 ± 1.3 s−1 (P < 0.001), whereas the amide proton concentration showed little change (0.241 ± 0.035% vs. 0.202 ± 0.034%, P = 0.074) following global ischemia.ConclusionOur study determined the labile proton concentration and exchange rate underlying the in vivo APT MRI. The significant change in the exchange rate, but not the concentration of amide proton demonstrated that the pH effect dominates the APT contrast during tissue ischemia.
Traffic channeling under uncertain conversion rates on e‐commerce platforms
Authors: Yu Peiwen , Zhang Zhoupeng Jack , Li Qing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTraffic is the lifeblood of every e‐commerce platform. The question of how to channel traffic to merchants operating on a platform lies at the heart of platform management. We consider a platform on which two independent merchants sell their products. Merchants compete on inventory in the sense that some of the unmet demand at one merchant will spill over to the other. The platform channels traffic based on products' conversion rates to maximize the total sale on the platform. We show that traffic channeling plays three roles. First, it allows more efficient allocation of traffic; that is, the merchant with a high conversion rate is given a higher priority in receiving traffic. Second, it allows the platform to control demand spillover between the merchants to maximize total sales. The platform either facilitates or prevents demand spillover, depending on product substitutability. Third, traffic channeling intensifies competition between the merchants and hence increases the total inventory. More efficient allocation of traffic and the increase in inventory increase sales inequality between the merchants. In contrast, demand spillover decreases sales inequality. While the platform always benefits from traffic channeling, the merchants do not benefit when their products are moderately substitutable. Interestingly, when the two products are owned and sold by the same merchant, the opposite happens–traffic channeling always benefits the merchant but may hurt the platform. Our study provides a basis for informed discussions on how platforms should channel traffic in response to conversion rates, and how traffic channeling affects the welfare of merchants and platforms.
Mathematical model for the novel coronavirus (2019‐nCOV) with clinical data using fractional operator
Authors: El‐Sayed Ahmed M. A. , Arafa Anas , Hagag Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a considerably dangerous disease with a high demise rate around the world. There is no known vaccination or medicine until our time because the unknown aspects of the virus are more significant than our theoretical and experimental knowledge. One of the most effective strategies for comprehending and controlling the spread of this epidemic is to model it using a powerful mathematical model. However, mathematical modeling with a fractional operator can provide explanations for the disease's possibility and severity. Accordingly, basic information will be provided to identify the kind of measure and intrusion that will be required to control the disease's progress. In this study, we propose using a fractional‐order SEIARPQ model with the Caputo sense to model the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, which has never been done before in the literature. The stability analysis, existence, uniqueness theorems, and numerical solutions of such a model are displayed. All results were numerically simulated using MATLAB programming. The current study supports the applicability and influence of fractional operators on real‐world problems.
Effects of thiol‐ene click reaction on morphology and electro‐optical properties of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanostructure‐based polymer dispersed liquid crystal film
Authors: He Zemin , Yu Ping , Guo Zhun , Zhang Yongming , Feng Xueyan , Zhang Huimin , Zhao Yuzhen , Miao Zongcheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have lit a flash of interest due to the distinctive property of electrically controlled switching. However, too high‐driving voltage associated with porous polymer networks always limit their wider range of applications. Herein, we reported a PDLC system containing LCs, 2,2′‐(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (DET) with thiol groups, cage‐like nanostructure acrylic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (KH570‐POSS) and KH570‐SiO2 nanoparticle modified by acrylic groups. The cage‐like KH570‐POSS microstructure was injected to the polymer matrix when KH570‐POSS reacted with DET via thiol‐ene click reaction. The morphological results demonstrated that the droplet size increased with the higher content of DET due to the decrease of the crosslink between the acrylic groups in KH570‐POSS, which results in a less dense of polymer network and thus make the LC droplets easier to be driven in the electric filed. Then, a silica‐based nanoparticle KH570‐SiO2 modified by acrylic groups was introduced into the system. The results indicated that KH570‐SiO2 could replace partial KH570‐POSS to form the polymer network via thiol‐ene click reaction, which increased the compatible ability of SiO2 nanoparticles in the as‐made film. The contrast ratio was increased to 165 when there was nearly 5 wt% content of KH570‐SiO2. Besides, the driving voltage was reduced by almost 60% and the sample could be fully driven by 30 V which is lower than the safe voltage (36 V). This study opens a route for the preparation of commercial PDLC films by thiol‐ene click reaction, enabling the creation of low‐voltage‐driven smart windows.