bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection signature analyses and genome-wide association reveal genomic hotspot regions that reflect differences between breeds of horse with contrasting risk of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis
Authors: Momen Mehdi , Brounts Sabrina H , Binversie Emily E , Sample Susannah J , Rosa Guilherme J M , Davis Brian W , Muir Peter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis is a progressive idiopathic condition that leads to scarring and rupture of suspensory ligament fibers in multiple limbs in horses. The prevalence of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis is breed related. Risk is high in the Peruvian Horse, whereas pony and draft breeds have low breed risk. Degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis occurs in families of Peruvian Horses, but its genetic architecture has not been definitively determined. We investigated contrasts between breeds with differing risk of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis and identified associated risk variants and candidate genes. We analyzed 670k single nucleotide polymorphisms from 10 breeds, each of which was assigned one of the four breed degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis risk categories: control (Belgian, Icelandic Horse, Shetland Pony, and Welsh Pony), low risk (Lusitano, Arabian), medium risk (Standardbred, Thoroughbred, Quarter Horse), and high risk (Peruvian Horse). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used for genome-wide association and selection signature analysis using breed-assigned risk levels. We found that the Peruvian Horse is a population with low effective population size and our breed contrasts suggest that degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis is a polygenic disease. Variant frequency exhibited signatures of positive selection across degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis breed risk groups on chromosomes 7, 18, and 23. Our results suggest degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis breed risk is associated with disturbances to suspensory ligament homeostasis where matrix responses to mechanical loading are perturbed through disturbances to aging in tendon (PIN1), mechanotransduction (KANK1, KANK2, JUNB, SEMA7A), collagen synthesis (COL4A1, COL5A2, COL5A3, COL6A5), matrix responses to hypoxia (PRDX2), lipid metabolism (LDLR, VLDLR), and BMP signaling (GREM2). Our results do not suggest that suspensory ligament proteoglycan turnover is a primary factor in disease pathogenesis.
Diminished Tubule Epithelial Farnesoid X Receptor Expression Exacerbates Inflammation and Fibrosis Response in Aged Rat Kidney
Authors: Ha Sugyeong , Yang Yejin , Won Kim Jeong , Son Minjung , Kim Doyeon , Kim Mi-Jeong , Im Dong-Soon , Young Chung Hae , Chung Ki Wung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The age-associated functional decline of the kidney is accompanied by structural changes including glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Aging kidneys also exhibit increased vulnerability in stressful environmental conditions. In this study, we assessed the differences in responses between young and aged animals to folic acid (FA)-induced renal fibrosis. To monitor the effects of aging on FA-induced kidney fibrosis, we administered FA (250 mg/kg) to young (6-month old) and aged (20-month old) rats. The development of severe fibrosis was only detected in aged rat kidneys, which was accompanied by increased kidney injury and inflammation. Furthermore, we found that FA-treated aged rats had significantly lower farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression in the tubular epithelial cells than the rats not treated with FA. Interestingly, the extent of inflammation was severe in the kidneys of aged rat, where the FXR expression was low. To explore the role of FXR in kidney inflammation, in vitro studies were performed using NRK52E kidney tubule epithelial cells. NF-κB activation by lipopolysaccharide treatment induces chemokine production in NRK52E cells. The activation of FXR by obeticholic acid significantly reduced the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and chemokine production. In contrast, FXR knockdown increased LPS-induced chemokine production in NRK52E cells. Finally, FXR-knockout mice that were administered FA showed increased inflammation and severe fibrosis. In summary, we demonstrated that diminished FXR expression in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules exacerbated the fibrotic response in aged rat kidneys by upregulating pro-inflammatory NF-κB activation.
Is Transition in Living Arrangements Associated With Older Adults’ Life Satisfaction When Preference Is Considered?
Authors: Sun Rongjun , Zimmer Zachary 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn a longitudinal design, the objective is to investigate the association between transitions in living arrangements and life satisfaction with special consideration for preferred living arrangement, and to assess whether such associations are moderated by age among Chinese older adults.MethodsData were from 4 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 2005–2014. Living arrangement transitions (N = 12,654) distinguished coresidence with children and non-coresidence and matched preference. Random effect ordinal logistic models predicted life satisfaction by transitions in living arrangements between baseline and follow-up, transitions in matched living arrangement preferences between baseline and follow-up, and these transitions interacted with age at baseline, adjusting for life satisfaction at baseline. Predicted probabilities for the highest level of life satisfaction for several transition combinations were calculated and the difference was tested for significance.ResultsAlthough matching actual and preferred living arrangement transition is an important factor in determining life satisfaction, actual coresidence with children remains positively significant. Moreover, results show significant interaction effects of the two transitions with age: while the association of life satisfaction with consistent matching gradually declines into older ages, the association of life satisfaction with consistent coresidence increases with age.DiscussionWhile preference-matched living arrangement is critical for life satisfaction, especially for the young-old, the role of coresidence becomes more prominent at very old ages when various needs are likely to arise. It is too early to dismiss the role of coresidence with children in the Chinese context.
Spherical Monadic Adjunctions of Stable Infinity Categories
Authors: Christ Merlin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns spherical adjunctions of stable $\infty $-categories and their relation to monadic adjunctions. We begin with a proof of the 2/4 property of spherical adjunctions in the setting of stable $\infty $-categories. The proof is based on the description of spherical adjunctions as $4$-periodic semiorthogonal decompositions given by Halpern-Leistner and Shipman [4] and Dyckerhoff et al. [3]. We then describe a class of examples of spherical adjunctions arising from local systems on spheres. The main result of this paper is a characterization of the sphericalness of a monadic adjunctions in terms of properties of the monad. Namely, a monadic adjunction is spherical if and only if the twist functor is an equivalence and commutes with the unit map of the monad. This characterization is inspired by work of Segal [10].
Hilbert’s Irreducibility Theorem via Random Walks
Authors: Bary-Soroker Lior , Garzoni Daniele 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Let $G$ be a connected linear algebraic group over a number field $K$, let $\Gamma $ be a finitely generated Zariski dense subgroup of $G(K)$, and let $Z\subseteq G(K)$ be a thin set, in the sense of Serre. We prove that, if $G/\textrm {R}_{u}(G)$ is either trivial or semisimple and $Z$ satisfies certain necessary conditions, then a long random walk on a Cayley graph of $\Gamma $ hits elements of $Z$ with negligible probability. We deduce corollaries to Galois covers, characteristic polynomials, and fixed points in group actions. We also prove analogous results in the case where $K$ is a global function field.
Epidemiological Evidence of Nosocomial and Zoonotic Transmission of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 in a Large Survey in a Rural Population of Central Africa
Authors: Ramassamy Jill-Léa , Bilounga Ndongo Chanceline , Nnuka Patrick , Antunes Maëlle , Le Mener Margot , Betsem a Betsem Edouard , Njouom Richard , Cassar Olivier , Fontanet Arnaud , Gessain Antoine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral Africa is one of the largest areas of high endemicity for human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1). However, no preventive measures are yet implemented to reduce its transmission, which can be sexual, from mother-to-child, or through contaminated blood products. Rare zoonotic transmissions from nonhuman primates (NHPs) have also been reported in this region. Here we investigated the HTLV-1 prevalence and associated risk factors in a rural population in Cameroon.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2021, we performed a cross-sectional survey in the eastern region of Cameroon. HTLV-1 infection was first screened by ELISA, then tested by western blot and envelope gene targeted polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors associated with HTLV-1 infection were identified by logistic regression in univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsAmong 3400 participants, HTLV-1 prevalence was 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], .7–1.5). Factors independently associated with HTLV-1 infection were Pygmy ethnicity (adjusted odd ratio [aOR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.3–6.2), history of surgery (aOR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.2–17.8), and NHP bite (aOR, 6.6; 95% CI, 2.2–19.8).ConclusionsThese results suggest both iatrogenic and zoonotic transmission of HTLV-1 in Cameroon. Further studies are needed to assess the risk of nosocomial transmission of HTLV-1, to guide public health authorities in implementing preventive measures to control HTLV-1 transmission.
PRO: Biomarker surveillance for invasive fungal infections without antifungal prophylaxis could safely reduce antifungal use in acute leukaemia
Authors: Taynton Thomas , Barlow Gavin , Allsup David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mould-active antifungal prophylaxis is frequently used to prevent invasive fungal infection in patients with acute leukaemia being treated with intensive chemotherapy. Invasive fungal infections are difficult to diagnose, and despite the use of prophylaxis a high proportion of patients still receive therapeutic antifungals. Antifungal medications have important interactions, can cause serious adverse events, and may drive the proliferation of antifungal resistance. The use of two biomarkers, such as galactomannan in combination with the less-specific β-d-glucan, can mitigate the risk of not detecting non-Aspergillus species, as well as improving pooled sensitivity and specificity. We argue that regular biomarkers could be used safely as part of an antifungal stewardship strategy to reduce antifungal use, by both screening for infection in patients not on prophylaxis and ruling out infection in patients treated empirically.
Should serum biomarker monitoring replace primary antifungal chemoprophylaxis in patients with acute leukaemia receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy? A PRO/CON debate
Authors: Harrison Thomas , Partridge David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fungal infection exacts a severe burden on patients with acute leukaemia. Azole prophylaxis attempts to mitigate this impact but is associated with toxicity and cost as well as the potential to select for resistance. The development of biomarkers including galactomannan and β-1,3-d-glucan may improve detection of early disease and thus reduce the need for prophylaxis, though these assays also have their limitations. In this debate, Howard et al. argue in favour of continuing chemoprophylaxis in patients with acute leukaemia receiving systemic chemotherapy, citing the multiple randomized control trials and meta-analyses that demonstrate its efficacy. Taynton et al. argue that fungal biomarker surveillance in the absence of primary antifungal chemoprophylaxis is a safe alternative that could reduce antifungal use and the development of resistance.
Origin versus Substance: Competing Determinants of Disruption in Duplication Technologies
Authors: Zheng Yanmei , Alba Joseph W 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContemporary developments in material duplication promise product alternatives that are physically and sensorially indistinguishable from incumbent offerings. When fully realized, such duplicate offerings should obsolete the incumbents as a consequence of wider availability and lower monetary and social costs. Disruption will be impeded, however, if consumers favor incumbent products on the basis of non-material qualities. The authors show that the influence of such qualities depends on both the product category and characteristics of the consumer. In particular, when a creator is central to the product and when the consumer is inclined toward extraordinary beliefs, the influence of origin looms especially large. By contrasting origin and substance, the present research exposes dualistic thinking in consumers’ product evaluations, enriches prior research on authenticity and extraordinary beliefs, and contributes to the stubborn problem of technology adoption.
Trends in Bark Beetle Impacts in North America During a Period (2000–2020) of Rapid Environmental Change
Authors: Fettig Christopher J , Asaro Christopher , Nowak John T , Dodds Kevin J , Gandhi Kamal J K , Moan Jason E , Robert Jeanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOf the more than five hundred and fifty species of North American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), approximately twenty species occasionally cause large amounts of tree mortality in conifer forests. During 2000–2020, trends in bark beetle impacts changed dramatically across North America compared to those observed during the mid- to late 20th century. We review tools and tactics available for bark beetle suppression and prevention and provide an overview of temporal and spatial trends in bark beetle impacts in North American forests during 2000–2020. Higher impacts were observed for several bark beetle species in western North America accompanied by substantial declines in eastern North America driven by large reductions in southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) activity in the southeastern United States. Regional differences likely result from a higher species richness of both bark beetles and their hosts in western North America, stronger direct and indirect effects of climate change (warming and drying) on bark beetles in western North America, and differences in forest composition, management history, and other abiotic stressors and disturbances.Study ImplicationsCompared to the mid- to late 20th century, bark beetles have had increased impacts in western North America and reduced impacts in eastern North America, the latter driven by large reductions in southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) activity in the southeastern United States. We review tools and tactics available to foresters and other natural resource managers to reduce the negative impacts of bark beetles on forests. Furthermore, we provide several potential explanations for recent trends in bark beetle impacts between eastern and western North America.
A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of plants from the genus Viola
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Qing , Chen Suiqing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The genus Viola belongs to the family Violaceae, and the plants from this genus are essential folk herb medicine extensively used in many areas. The plants from the genus Viola are used to treat various diseases and exert a significant role in protecting people’s health. This review summarized the genus Viola plants’ phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control methods.

Key findings
The information on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the genus Viola was obtained by searching the Web of Science, Pubmed, CNKI, and other databases. A total of 208 valuable articles were selected and analyzed in this review. The main chemical components of plants from the genus Viola consist of flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, lignans, sesquiterpenes, cyclotides, etc. The active chemical components of medicinal plants from this genus exert antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. The quality control of these plants is not sufficient and needs further research.

Summary
The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and quality control of plants from the genus Viola were systematically summarized in this paper, and this review provides a literature basis for the further research of plants from this genus.
Up-regulation of bZIP88 transcription factor is involved in resistance to three different herbicides in both Echinochloa crus-galli and E. glabrescens
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Gao Haitao , Fang Jiapeng , Wang Hao , Chen Jinyi , Li Jun , Dong Liyao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The resistance of weeds to herbicides poses a major threat to agricultural production, and non-target-site resistance (NTSR) is often a serious problem as its mechanisms can in some cases confer resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. In this study, we hypothesized that bZIP transcription factors (TFs), which regulate abiotic stress responses in many plants, play a regulatory role in NTSR. Whole-plant assays indicated that the wild grasses Echinochloa crus-galli and E. glabrescens are resistant to the herbicides penoxsulam, cyhalofop-butyl, and quintrione. Transcriptome sequencing then identified 101 and 49 bZIP TFs with differential expression following penoxsulam treatment in E. crus-galli and E. glabrescens, respectively. Twelve of these genes had &gt;60% homology with rice genes. The expression of bZIP88 was considerably up-regulated 6 h after treatment with the three different herbicides, and it was similar between resistant and susceptible populations; however, the relative expression levels before herbicide treatment and 24 h after were the same. We used rice (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv Nipponbare) as a model system for functional validation and found that CRISPR-Cas9-knockout of the rice bZIP88 ortholog increased the sensitivity to herbicide, whereas overexpression reduced it. The OsbZIP88 protein was localized to the nucleus. Using ChIP coupled with high-throughput sequencing, OsbZIP88 was found to form a network regulatory center with other TFs such as bZIP20/52/59 to regulate OsKS1, OsCOE1, and OsIM1, which are related to auxin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and gibberellic acid. Based on these results, we have established a database of bZIP TFs corresponding to herbicide stress, and resolved the mechanisms of the positive regulation of herbicide resistance by bZIP88, thereby providing new insights for NTSR.
The Schlemiel and the Messianic in Michael Chabon’sThe Yiddish Policemen’s Unionand Nicole Krauss’sForest Dark
Authors: Sabbath Roberta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Jewish diaspora of the United States views the historical sequence of Holocaust, known more accurately as the Shoah, and creation of the State of Israel as connected in an apocalyptic-redemptive narrative typology. The Nazi regime murdered six million Jews, including one and one-half million children, based on racial hatred and seven million others deemed undesirable. In 1949, four years after the defeat of the Nazi regime and liberation from the camps, the State of Israel was admitted into the United Nations as its 59th member. The belief in messianic redemption during times of great suffering has been a part of Jewish history for millennia. The first important surviving manuscripts expressing messianic beliefs are the Dead Sea Scrolls (300-100 BCE). The Book of Daniel (200 BCE) predicts the coming of a Son of Man. Jewish messianic beliefs suggest that the messiah is an earthly human being who will change earthly history. However, core Jewish writings through the centuries resist messianic movements and messianic dreams. This latter tradition of resistance shows up as a critique of the messianic typology of Holocaust-to-State of Israel in two works of contemporary authors, Michael Chabon’s The Yiddish Policeman’s Union (2007) and Nicole Krauss’s Forest Dark (2017). At the same time, Chabon and Krauss maintain a strong Jewish self-identity and recognize continuing hatred by white supremacists and other global anti-Semitic movements. The resulting novels use parody as a form of gentle critique, Chabon with a story of alternate history and Krauss with a braided strategy of parallel narratives.
Aspergillusspp. osteoarticular infections: an updated systematic review on the diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of 186 confirmed cases
Authors: Tsantes Andreas G , Papadopoulos Dimitrios V , Markou Eleftheria , Zarokostas Konstantinos , Sokou Rozeta , Trikoupis Ioannis , Mavrogenis Andreas F , Houhoula Dimitra , Piovani Daniele , Bonovas Stefanos , Tsantes Argirios E , Tsakris Athanasios , Vrioni Georgia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAspergillus spp. osteoarticular infections are destructive opportunistic infections, while there is no clear consensus on their management. The purpose of this review is to investigate the current literature regarding Aspergillus spp. osteoarticular infections. An electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted considering studies that assessed osteoarticular infections from Aspergillus spp. We included only studies with biopsy proven documentation of positive cultures or histological findings for Aspergillus spp., and those with essential information for each case such as the anatomical location of the infection, the type of treatment (conservative, surgical, combination), the antifungal therapy, and the outcome. Overall, 148 studies from 1965 to 2021 including 186 patients were included in the review. One hundred and seven (57.5%) patients underwent surgical debridement in addition to antifungal therapy, while 79 (42.7%) patients were treated only conservatively. Complete infection resolution was reported in 107 (57.5%) patients, while partial resolution in 29 (15.5%) patients. Surgical debridement resulted in higher complete infection resolution rate compared to only antifungal therapy (70.0% vs. 40.5%, P &lt; 0.001), while complete resolution rate was similar for antifungal monotherapy and combination/sequential therapy (58.3% vs. 54.5%; P = 0.76). Last, complete resolution rate was also similar for monotherapy with amphotericin B (58.1%) and voriconazole (58.6%; P = 0.95). The results of this study indicate that antifungal monotherapy has similar efficacy with combination/sequential therapy, while voriconazole has similar efficacy with amphotericin B. Moreover, surgical debridement of the infected focus results in better outcomes in terms of infection eradication compared to conservative treatment.Lay SummaryAntifungal monotherapy has similar efficacy with combination/sequential therapy, and voriconazole has similar efficacy with amphotericin B for the treatment of Aspergillus spp. osteoarticular infections, while surgical debridement of the infected focus improves the infection eradication rate.