bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considering ecosystem modeling by examining the creation of microcosms for Daphnia coexistence using an inorganic medium
Authors: Kakazu Kunihiko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To conserve natural ecosystems, we require suitable experimental methods with which to investigate them. Ecosystem models, called microcosms, have the potential to predict and improve our understanding of the phenomena in natural ecosystems. However, it is known that there are discrepancies between microcosms and natural ecosystems, such as different phosphorus circulation depending on the scale of the microcosm. Therefore, it is necessary to understand why the differences appear and to consider the coexistence of species, the medium composition, and the internal structure of microcosms in order to reproduce more of the phenomena that occur in natural ecosystems. To address this, in this investigation a microcosm (DMC) was constructed in which a variety of organisms could coexist by circulating the necessary nutrients which had been biosynthesized from essential elements (31 elements) inserted into the medium as inorganic substances. The growth of Daphnia, which requires vitamins (B12, B1, B7), was then observed by changing the sediment inside the microcosm with the inorganic medium containing all the essential elements. Using quartz sand with a particle size of 0.3–0.6 mm as the sediment, resulted in the stable growth of Daphnia, from 3 to approximately 26 individuals over 35 days, due to the growth of algae such as diatoms, which are feed for Daphnia. This suggests that 0.5 mm particle spaces are suitable for anaerobic bacteria, and that the nutrients necessary for the organisms, such as vitamins, were biosynthesized from the essential elements in the space. These results indicate that the DMC, which can duplicate the cycles that occur in natural ecosystems, such as the production of nutrients from inorganic substances, and the diversification of organisms in the microcosm, will be a useful tool for understanding natural ecosystems and factors that impact them, such as the effects of chemicals.
Management, clinical Outcomes, and Its Predictors among Heart Failure Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospitals in Ethiopia: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Beri Berhanu , Fanta Korinan , Bekele Fekede , Bedada Worku 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Heart failure is a global pandemic, as it affects approximately 64.34 million people worldwide with a $346.17 billion global economic burden. The prevalence of heart failure has increased from 43.4–46.5% in the last 10 years in lower and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess management, clinical outcomes and their predictors among heart failure patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals in Ethiopia.
Methods
A prospective observational study design was conducted on heart failure patients admitted at two tertiary care hospitals in Ethiopia from September 2020 to May 2021. The primary outcome of the study was 90-day all-cause mortality. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. A multivariate Cox regression model was performed to identify independent predictors of 90-day all-cause mortality. Variables with P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
Out of 283 patients enrolled in this study, 52.3% were male and the mean (± SD) age was 52.4 ± 17.9 years. The most common medications prescribed during hospitalization and discharge were diuretics (98.9% vs 95.6%), ACEIs/ARBs (48.8% vs 67.3%), and beta-blockers (46.6% vs 64.7%), respectively. In the present study, the 90-day all-cause mortality was 10.2%. Hypertension (HR = 3.70, 95%CI = 1.18–11.61), cardiogenic shock (HR = 8.66, 95%CI = 3.15–20.82), and reduced ejection fraction (HR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.06–3.79) were predictors of 90-day all-cause mortality.
Conclusion
High 90-day all-cause mortality was observed among heart failure patients in the present study. Alcohol drinking, hypertension, cardiogenic shock, and reduced ejection fraction were predictors of poor treatment outcomes for whom closer follow-up or further interventions may be considered.
RNN-combined graph convolutional network with multi-feature fusion for tuberculosis cavity segmentation
Authors: Xiao Zhitao , Zhang Xiaomeng , Liu Yanbei , Geng Lei , Wu Jun , Wang Wen , Zhang Fang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tuberculosis is a common infectious disease in the world. Tuberculosis cavities are common and important imaging signs in pulmonary tuberculosis. Accurate segmentation of pulmonary tuberculosis cavities has practical significance for indicating the activity of lesions and guiding clinical treatment. However, this task faces challenges such as blurred boundaries, irregular shapes, different location and size of lesions, and similar structures on computed tomography (CT) to other lung diseases or tissues. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel RNN-combined graph convolutional network (R2GCN) method, which integrates the bidirectional recurrent network (BRN) and graph convolution network (GCN) modules. First, feature extraction is performed on the input image by VGG-16 or ResNet-50 to obtain the feature map. The feature map is then used as the input of the two modules. On the one hand, we adopt the BRN to retrieve contextual information from the feature map. On the other hand, we take the vector for each location in the feature map as input nodes and utilize GCN to extract node topology information. Finally, two types of features obtained are fused together. Our strategy can not only make full use of node correlations and differences, but also obtain more precise segmentation boundaries. Extensive experiments on CT images of cavitary patients with tuberculosis show that our proposed method achieves best segmentation accuracy than comparison segmentation methods. Our method can be used for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis cavity and the evaluation of pulmonary tuberculosis cavity treatment.
Evaluating an ultrasonic magnetostrictive transducer with conical nickel core: performance and application
Authors: Gandomzadeh Danial , Abbaspour-Fard Mohammad Hossein , Sabeghi Yeganeh , Fakhr Soheil Movahed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In recent years, ultrasonic machining has been developing rapidly and it is used in areas such as abrasive machining, cleaning, and welding. In this research, a magnetostrictive device with pure nickel conical core with cone angle of 30 degrees was constructed. The observed sound pressure level was used as a measure of transducer performance. Also the ability of the device to reduce the residual pesticide on cucumber surface due to cavitation was evaluated. The results showed that the sound pressure from simulation by JMAG-Designer software is almost the same as the sound pressure produced in the constructed transducer. To assess the performance of the device in removing residual pesticide from cucumber surface and evaluate the changes in peel texture of cucumber, the GC and SEM methods were used, respectively. The GC results showed that with 20 min treatment, the removal of pesticide based on height and chromatogram area were 75% and 83%, respectively. The SEM results showed that by increasing the treatment time, the stomatal pore area reduced from 144.74 \({\mu m}^{2}\) (reference) to 30.56 \({\mu m}^{2}\) (20 min treatment). This results are promising, hence further research is suggested towards enhancing the device for commercial use in biomaterials processing operations such as cleaning and removing pesticides from fruits and vegetables.
A standard dose of linezolid put patients with hepatic impairment at risk of overexposure
Authors: Liao Ru , Dong Yalin , Chen Lihong , Wang Taotao , Li Houli , Dong Haiyan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective observational study conducted in patients with hepatic impairment was to determine the risk factors for linezolid overexposure and the relationship between it and thrombocytopenia.Methods: All enrolled patients received a standard dose of linezolid and underwent therapeutic drug monitoring. The Child-Pugh-Turcotte score was used to divide patients into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment. The risk factors for linezolid overexposure (Cmin > 8 mg/L) and thrombocytopenia were examined using logistic regression. And the Kaplan-Meier curve was used to describe the association between linezolid overexposure and thrombocytopenia.Results: Seventy-seven patients were included. Patients with severe hepatic impairment had a substantially higher median Cmin of linezolid than those with mild (20.65 mg/L vs 5.51 mg/L, P < 0.001) or moderate (20.65 mg/L vs 6.70 mg/L, P = 0.001) hepatic impairment. Severe hepatic impairment was significantly associated with linezolid overexposure (OR 7.037, 95%CI 1.426-34.727, P = 0.017). In addition, Cmin > 8 mg/L was a significant predictor of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia (OR 3.024, 95%CI 1.083 - 8.541, P = 0.035).Conclusion: Patients with hepatic impairment who received standard doses of linezolid are at greater risk of linezolid overexposure, which may lead to a higher incidence of thrombocytopenia.
A novel 1.38-kb deletion combined with a single nucleotide variant in KIAA0586 as a cause of Joubert syndrome
Authors: Shen Yue , Lu Chao , Cheng Tingting , Cao Zongfu , Chen Cuixia , Ma Xu , Gao Huafang , Luo Minna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: KIAA0586, also known as Talplid3, plays critical roles in primary cilia formation and hedgehog signaling in humans. Variants in KIAA0586 could cause some different ciliopathies, including Joubert syndrome (JBTS), which is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive neurological disorders.
Methods and Results: A 9-month-old girl was diagnosed as JBTS by the “molar tooth sign” of the mid-brain and global developmental delay. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified a single nucleotide variant c.3303G>A and a 1.38-kb deletion in KIAA0586 in the proband. These two variants of KIAA0586 were consistent with the mode of autosomal recessive inheritance in the family, which was verified using Sanger sequencing.
Conclusions: This finding of a compound heterozygote with a 1.38-kb deletion and c.3303G>A gave a precise genetic diagnosis for the patient, and the novel 1.38-kb deletion also expanded the pathogenic variation spectrum of JBTS caused by KIAA0586.
Clinical Characteristics Depending on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patterns in Idiopathic Isolated Optic Neuritis
Authors: Park Sang Min , Kim Ungsoo Samuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate differences in clinical features based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in idiopathic isolated optic neuritis patients.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 68 eyes of 59 patients diagnosed with optic neuritis and showed inflammatory findings indicative of optic neuritis on MRI. We investigated clinical features, such as the presence of accompanying pain, visual acuity, and optic disc swelling. Optic disc swelling was classified as normal, mild, or severe. The MRI results were divided into intraorbital, intracanalicular, and whole optic nerve according to the lesion, and these were compared and analyzed with clinical features.
Results: The study included 29 men and 30 women, with a mean age of 42.6 ± 16.6 years. Among 59 patients, 48 (81.4%) complained of pain. Optic disc swelling was not observed in 48.5% of patients (33 eyes). Inflammatory changes were the most common in the intraorbital region (33 eyes), intracanalicular region (20 eyes),and the entire optic nerve (15 eyes). There was no statistical difference in the pain pattern according to the location of the lesion (p=.677), but when inflammation was present in the entire optic nerve, optic disc swelling was severe (p=.023). The initial and final visual acuity did not significantly correlate with the MRI pattern, presence of pain, or optic disc swelling (p=.156, p=.714, and p=.436).
Conclusion: The MRI contrast enhancement pattern was associated with optic disc swelling but was not associated with pain or initial visual acuity. It should be noted that it is insufficient to judge the clinical features of optic neuritis based on MRI findings.
Risk factors for cage subsidence following oblique lumbar interbody fusion for patients with lumbar degenerative disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhen Zihao , Gao Xianda , Miao Dazhuang , Yang Dalong , Xu Jiaxin , Ding Wenyuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose:To identify potential risk factors for cage subsidence after oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) using imaging and clinical date, and provide guidance for surgical planning in clinical practice.
Methods: Data of 107 patients who underwent OLIF were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with cage subsidence distance＞3 mm were included in the cage subsidence group (CS group), and the remaining patients were involved in the non-cage subsidence group (NCS group). The characteristics (age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), main diagnosis, comorbidities etc), vertebral body-related variables (disc height (DH), endplate morphology, and Modic changes) and surgery-related variables (internal fixation, cage position, and endplate injury) were collected. Moreover, the visual analog scale (VAS) score, and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were determined preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up. Firstly, univariate analysis was used to compare the risk factors related to cage subsidence, and then, the multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the possible risk factors (p＜0.10) for cage subsidence after OLIF.
Results:In total, 21 (19.63%) patients were involved in the CS group. The factors significantly associated with cage subsistence included intraoperative endplate injury (odds ratio (OR) =6.620; p=.020), osteoporosis (OR =6.179; p=.004), irregular endplate morphology (OR =5.192; p=.012) and without internal fixation (OR =6.672; p=.013).
Conclusion:Cage subsidence did not affect the neurological function, while it led to low back pain in the later stage. The risk factors for cage subsidence included intraoperative endplate injury, osteoporosis, irregular endplate morphology, and treatment with standalone OLIF.
Microsatellite DNA analysis revealed increased homozygosity and recent decline of the population size in the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Kucinski Marcin , Jakubowska-Lehrmann Magdalena , Góra Agnieszka , Mirny Zuzanna , Nadolna-Ałtyn Katarzyna , Szlinder-Richert Joanna , Ocalewicz Konrad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The European flounder (Platichthys flesus) is presently the third most commercially fished species in the Baltic Sea. According to the available data from the Polish Fisheries Monitoring Centre and reports from fishermen, the fitness of the species in the Baltic Sea has declined in the last years. The aim of this study was to obtain the information on the current genetic condition of the European founder and to check if the observed decline in the fitness of the species in the Baltic Sea is associated with the adverse alterations in its gene pool. For this purpose, 150 fish were collected from three locations across middle part of the Polish seacoast, i.e., Mechelinki, Władysławowo (in 2018) and Słupsk Bank (in 2020) and were genetically screened with application of ten microsatellite DNA markers. Moreover, the correlation analyses between biological and genetic characteristics in the sampled fish were carried out. The examined European flounder specimens displayed a high level of genetic diversity (PIC = 0.887–0.905, I = 2.697–2.709). Lack of significant genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.003, P > 0.05) within all the examined fish was observed, indicating that the European flounder in the sampled area constitute single genetic cluster. Significant deficiency of heterozygotes (Fis = 0.079–0.130, P < 0.05) and signs of past bottleneck(s) under Infinite Allele Model (IAM) mutation model and by Garza-Williamson index (M-value) were also detected in the examined fish. The estimated effective population size (Ne) among the sampled fish groups varied from 712 (Słupsk Bank) to 10012 (Władysławowo and Mechelinki). The obtained results in the present study suggest that European flounder in the southern Baltic Sea have recently experienced a significant census size reduction. The correlation analysis between genetic and morphological characteristics did not detect signs for directional selection and the density-dependent adaptive changes in gene pool of the examined fish.
Diagnosing Suspects by Analyzing Human Behavior to Prevent Crime by Using Deep and Machine Learning
Authors: Sarkar Pranta Kumar , guho Amit , Abdullah Abu Bakar Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In both developed and developing countries, crime is undoubtedly increasing for the uncontrolled growth of the population. As a result, demands are rising to tackle issues like being concerned about everyday life and personal property through video surveillance. However, the security personnel cannot visually focus on all the CCTV footage at a time. Consequently, a system is required that we effectively recognize human behavior in real-time. Researchers have recently researched human activity recognition by machine learning and deep learning. In order to avoid fraud, we presented a procedure that uses human activity recognition to analyze a few events and determine whether or not a person is a suspect. This system labeled the video based on human action using deep learning. On the other hand, the CNN classifier is the best deep learning model for object classification, where we achieve our system with 99.98% accuracy. Furthermore, we detect suspicious based on the above classified human activity and time duration using machine learning that reaches 92.51% of accuracy. This research paper will detect suspicious through optimized, effective, and rapid. More discussion of the results, as well as limitations and future research.
The Application of Machine Learning in Primary Energy Consumption in China: Comparative Analysis of Artificial Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Liang Jinqiang , Liu Danzhu , Han Liangjun , Xu Shuliang , Ye Mao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Energy is the main driving force for economic and social development. While a reliable prediction of a country's primary energy consumption (PEC) is paramount, it remains a daunting task because many factors in various sectors of society affect the primary energy consumption in complex nonlinear ways. Based on China's energy statistics from 1952 to 2019, 25 influencing factors are considered from five dimensions of economy, energy, environment, technology and policy, and the correlation analysis method is used to evaluate the relationship between the primary energy consumption and each influencing factor. In addition, multicollinearity of variables is diagnosed by R program. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) model are applied to fit PEC curve. The discriminatory machine learning algorithms are compared and analyzed. The results show that the MLR model has the advanced of fitting compared with ANN in small sample data. Moreover, forward selection (FS), backward elimination (BE), forced introduction (FI) and ridge regression (RR) are used to obtain the fitting equation of the PEC. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of FS, BE, FI, RR and ANN are 2.16%, 1.68%, 1.91%, 1.31% and 19.89%, respectively. Finally, scenario analysis is used to predict China's PEC in 2050.
Aedes albopictus host odor preference does not drive observed variation in feeding patterns across field populations
Authors: Fikrig Kara , Rose Noah , Burkett-Cadena Nathan , Kamgang Basile , Leisnham Paul T. , Mangan Jamie , Ponlawat Alongkot , Rothman Sarah E. , Stenn Tanise , McBride Carolyn S. , Harrington Laura C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Laboratory and field-based studies of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus demonstrate its competency to transmit over twenty different pathogens linked to a broad range of vertebrate hosts. Our understanding of the true vectorial capacity of Ae. albopictusin nature is incomplete, partly due to uncertainty surrounding its feeding behavior. Blood meal analyses from field-captured specimens have shown vastly different feeding patterns, with a wide range of anthropophagy (human feeding) and host diversity. To address this knowledge gap, we asked whether differences in innate host preference may drive observed variation in Ae. albopictus feeding patterns in nature. Low generation colonies were established with field-collected mosquitoes from three populations with high reported anthropophagy (Thailand, Cameroon, and Florida, USA) and three populations in the United States with low reported anthropophagy (New York, Maryland, and Virginia). The preference of these colonies for human versus non-human animal odor was assessed in a dual-port olfactometer along with control Ae. aegypti colonies already known to show divergent behavior in this assay. All Ae. albopictus colonies were less likely (p<0.05) to choose the human-baited port than the anthropophilic Ae. aegypti control, instead behaving similarly to zoophilic Ae. aegypti. Our results suggest that variation in reported Ae. albopictus feeding patterns are not driven by differences in innate host preference, but may result from differences in host availability. This work is the first to compare Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti host preference directly and provides insight into differential vectorial capacity and human feeding risk.
The effect of fasting on sodium-dependent glucose absorption in the mouse proximal small intestine
Authors: Nakamura Chisato , Yokoyama Kanako , Yazaki Yuyu , Tatsumi Fumiya , Ikumi Naotaka , Ishizuka Noriko , Hempstock Wendy , Hayashi Hisayoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are known to alter the function of various organs and the mechanisms of glucose metabolism, which affect health outcomes and slow aging. However, it remains unclear how short-term fasting affects glucose absorption function in the small intestine. We studied the effects of the short-term fasting on glucose-induced short-circuit current (Isc) in vitro using an Ussing chamber technique. Glucose-induced Isc by SGLT1 was observed in the ileum, but little or no Isc was observed in the jejunum in ad libitum-fed mice. However, in mice fasted for 24–48 hours, in addition to the ileum, robust glucose-induced Isc was observed over time in the jejunum. An increase in Na+ permeability between epithelial cells was concomitantly observed in the jejunum of fasted mice. Transepithelial glucose flux was assessed using a non-metabolizable glucose analog, 14C-methyl α-D-glucopyranoside glucose (MGP). Regardless of whether fed or fasted, no glucose diffusion mechanism was observed. Fasting increased the SGLT1-mediated MGP flux in the jejunum. In conclusion, fasting resulted in a selective increase in SGLT1 transport activity and Na⁺ selectivity at tight junctions in the jejunum, but not in the ileum. This segment dependent upregulation during fasting is important for efficient glucose absorption after the fast is broken.