bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the “two-hit hypothesis”: effects of prenatal maternal immune activation and adolescent cannabis use on neurodevelopment in mice
Authors: Guma Elisa , Cupo Lani , Ma Weiya , Gallino Daniel , Moquin Luc , Gratton Alain , Devenyi Gabriel A , Chakravarty M Mallar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal exposure to maternal immune activation (MIA) and chronic adolescent cannabis use are both risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, exposure to a single risk factor may not result in major mental illness, indicating that multiple exposures may be required for illness onset. Here, we examine whether combined exposure to prenatal MIA and adolescent delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis, lead to enduring neuroanatomical and behavioural changes in adulthood.MethodsMice were prenatally exposed to viral mimetic, poly I:C (5mg/kg), or vehicle at gestational day (GD)9, and postnatally exposed to chronic THC (5mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle during adolescence (postnatal day [PND]28-45). Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed pre-treatment, PND25, post-treatment, PND50, and in adulthood, PND85, followed by behavioural tests for anxiety-like, social, and sensorimotor gating. Postmortem assessment of cannabinoid (CB)1 and 2 receptor expressing cells was performed in altered regions identified by MRI (anterior cingulate and somatosensory cortices, striatum, and hippocampus).ResultsSubtle deviations in neurodevelopmental trajectory and subthreshold anxiety-like behaviours were observed in mice exposed to both risk factors. Sex-dependent effects were observed in patterns of shared brain-behaviour covariation, indicative of potential sex differences in response to MIA and THC. Density of CB1 and CB2 receptor positive cells was significantly decreased in all mice exposed to MIA, THC, or both.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there may be a cumulative effect of risk factor exposure on gross neuroanatomical development, and that the endocannabinoid system may be sensitive to both prenatal MIA, adolescent THC, or the combination.
Cell-based model shows complex rearrangement of tissue mechanical properties are needed for roots to grow in hard soil
Authors: Mimault Matthias , Ptashnyk Mariya , Dupuy Lionel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen exposed to increased mechanical resistance from the soil, plant roots display non-linear growth responses that can not be solely explained by mechanical principles. Here, we aim to investigate how changes in tissue mechanical properties are biologically regulated in response to soil strength. A particle-based model was developed to solve root-soil mechanical interactions at the cellular scale, and a detailed numerical study explored factors that affect root responses to soil resistance. Results showed that growth through increasing soil strength is maintained through the softening of cell walls at the tip, a response likely linked to soil cavity expansion. The model also predicts the shortening and decreased anisotropy of the zone of cell elongation, which may improve the mechanical stability of the root against axial forces. The study demonstrates the potential of advanced modeling tools to help identify traits that confer plant resistance to abiotic stress.
Compact engineered human mechanosensitive transactivation modules enable potent and versatile synthetic transcriptional control
Authors: Mahata Barun , Cabrera Alan , Brenner Daniel A. , Guerra-Resendez Rosa Selenia , Li Jing , Goell Jacob , Wang Kaiyuan , Guo Yannie , Escobar Mario , Parthasarathy Abinand Krishna , Szadowski Hailey , Bedford Guy , Reed Daniel , Hilton Isaac B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEngineered transactivation domains (TADs) combined with programmable DNA binding platforms have revolutionized synthetic transcriptional control. Despite recent progress in programmable CRISPR/Cas-based transactivation (CRISPRa) technologies, the TADs used in these systems often contain poorly tolerated elements and/or are prohibitively large for many applications. Here we defined and optimized minimal TADs built from human mechanosensitive transcription factors (MTFs). We used these components to construct potent and compact multipartite transactivation modules (MSN, NMS, and eN3×9) and to build the CRISPR-dCas9 recruitedenhancedactivationmodule (CRISPR-DREAM) platform. We found that CRISPR-DREAM was specific, robust across mammalian cell types, and efficiently stimulated transcription from diverse regulatory loci. We also showed that MSN and NMS were portable across Type I, II, and V CRISPR systems, TALEs, and ZF proteins. Further, as proofs of concepts, we used dCas9-NMS to efficiently reprogram human fibroblasts into iPSCs and demonstrated that MTF TADs are efficacious and well tolerated in therapeutically important primary human cell types. Finally, we leveraged the compact and potent features of these engineered TADs to build new dual and all-in-one CRISPRa AAV systems. Altogether, these compact human TADs, fusion modules, and new delivery architectures should be valuable for synthetic transcriptional control in biomedical applications.
Nr6a1 controls axially-restricted body elongation, segmentation, patterning and lineage allocation
Authors: Chang Yi-Cheng , Lisa Wong Siew Fen , Schroeder Jan , Hauswirth Gabriel M. , Shylo Natalia A , Moore Emma L , Achilleos Annita , Garside Victoria , Polo Jose M. , Manent Jan , Trainor Paul , McGlinn Edwina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe vertebrate main-body axis is laid down during embryonic stages in an anterior-to-posterior (head-to-tail) direction, driven and supplied by posteriorly located progenitors. For the vertebral column, the process of axial progenitor cell expansion that drives elongation, and the process of segmentation which allocates progenitor-descendants into repeating pre-vertebral units, occurs seemingly uninterrupted from the first to the last vertebra. Nonetheless, there is clear developmental and evolutionary support for two discrete modules controlling processes within different axial regions: a trunk and a tail module. Here, we identify Nuclear receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (Nr6a1) as a master regulator of elongation, segmentation, patterning and lineage allocation specifically within the trunk region of the mouse. Both gain- and loss-of-function in vivo analyses revealed that the precise level of Nr6a1 acts as a rheostat, expanding or contracting vertebral number of the trunk region autonomously from other axial regions. Moreover, Nr6a1 was found to be required for segmentation, but only for trunk-forming somites, with the timely clearance of Nr6a1 critical in supporting tail formation. In parallel with these morphological outcomes, we reveal Nr6a1 as a novel regulator of global Hox signatures within axial progenitors, preventing the precocious expression of multiple posterior Hox genes as the trunk is being laid down and thus reinforcing that patterning and elongation are coordinated. Finally, our data supports a crucial role for Nr6a1 in regulating gene regulatory networks that guide cell lineage choice of axial progenitors between neural and mesodermal fate. Collectively, these data reveal an axially-restricted role for Nr6a1 in all major cellular and tissue-level events required for vertebral column formation, supporting the view that modulation of Nr6a1 expression level or function is likely to underpin evolutionary changes in axial formulae that exclusively alter the trunk region.
Examining the performance outcome of intellectual capital: a parallel mediation analysis
Authors: Adusei Enoch , Mensah Henry Kofi , Demah Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe current knowledge economy views firm competitive advantage from the strategic management of knowledge resources. Therefore, rooted in the resource-base view theory, this paper empirically investigated how organizational ambidexterity and innovative leadership behaviour mediate the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and firm performance among small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachUsing purposive sampling, cross-sectional survey data was obtained from 244 SMEs in Ghana. Structural equation modelling was used in testing for the hypothesized relationships.FindingsFindings show that IC has a significant positive effect on firm performance. Additionally, innovative leadership behaviour and organizational ambidexterity have a parallel mediating effect on the relationship between IC and performance.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study have exposed managers of SMEs in Ghana to develop unique behavioural and organizational resources that facilitate competitive edge through strategic utilization of IC, leadership innovation and ambidexterity to produce superior performance.Originality/valueThis study is a pioneering one that uniquely investigated how innovative leadership behaviour and organizational ambidexterity play a parallel mediating role in the IC–performance nexus in a less-industrialized economy.
Evaluating transfer learning approach for detecting Arabic anti-refugee/migrant speech on social media
Authors: Mohdeb Djamila , Laifa Meriem , Zerargui Fayssal , Benzaoui Omar 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe present study was designed to investigate eight research questions that are related to the analysis and the detection of dialectal Arabic hate speech that targeted African refugees and illegal migrants on the YouTube Algerian space.Design/methodology/approachThe transfer learning approach which recently presents the state-of-the-art approach in natural language processing tasks has been exploited to classify and detect hate speech in Algerian dialectal Arabic. Besides, a descriptive analysis has been conducted to answer the analytical research questions that aim at measuring and evaluating the presence of the anti-refugee/migrant discourse on the YouTube social platform.FindingsData analysis revealed that there has been a gradual modest increase in the number of anti-refugee/migrant hateful comments on YouTube since 2014, a sharp rise in 2017 and a sharp decline in later years until 2021. Furthermore, our findings stemming from classifying hate content using multilingual and monolingual pre-trained language transformers demonstrate a good performance of the AraBERT monolingual transformer in comparison with the monodialectal transformer DziriBERT and the cross-lingual transformers mBERT and XLM-R.Originality/valueAutomatic hate speech detection in languages other than English is quite a challenging task that the literature has tried to address by various approaches of machine learning. Although the recent approach of cross-lingual transfer learning offers a promising solution, tackling this problem in the context of the Arabic language, particularly dialectal Arabic makes it even more challenging. Our results cast a new light on the actual ability of the transfer learning approach to deal with low-resource languages that widely differ from high-resource languages as well as other Latin-based, low-resource languages.
Internet access and irrigation adoption in China
Authors: Hu Yushan , Wang Yahua , Zhang Penglong 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of the Internet on irrigation system adoption. The authors implement the most extensive household survey of irrigation arrangements ever conducted in rural China and also exploit a public program to improve the quality of distance education in rural middle schools, which has led to plausibly exogenous variation in Internet access across rural districts.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present a conceptual framework highlighting the transmission mechanisms whereby Internet access may affect irrigation system selection and identify direct effects through agricultural production and an indirect effect through non-agricultural production. To examine the effect of the Internet on irrigation system adoption, we implement the most extensive household survey of irrigation arrangements ever conducted in rural China. We also exploit a public program to improve the quality of distance education in rural middle schools, which has led to plausibly exogenous variation in Internet access across rural districts.FindingsThe authors find evidence to suggest that Internet access can effectively reduce information frictions and searching costs in the non-agricultural labor market, thus increasing rural households' participation in non-farm work. To save more hours from agricultural production, rural households select more labor-saving irrigation systems.Originality/valueThis study’s findings have important implications for the ongoing policy debate over government investment in Internet infrastructure to improve agricultural development in rural and isolated areas.
Digital labour platforms and neoliberal governmentality: the case of platform workers in Turkey
Authors: Uysal Kadir 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe paper brings Foucauldian analysis of neoliberal governmentality in the discussion on the new forms of labour control within digital labour platforms. The aim of the paper is to reveal the effect of control mechanisms employed by platforms on “entrepreneurial self” within the context of work relations.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on in-depth interviews, conducted with workers under different service categories, the author undertook an extended case study of Armut.com, a digital labour platform operating in Turkey.FindingsThe study finds that competitive mechanisms employed by the platform have a considerable effect on worker self-commercialisation and self-rationalisation. This is dependent on different control mechanisms employed by the platform, based on different platform working models.Originality/valueThe research brings the worker subjectivities to the discussion of control within the scope of digital labour platforms. By undertaking a rare empirical study on this issue, it contributes to the theory of entrepreneurial self within the scope of work relations.
Vibro-acoustic characteristics analysis of the rotary composite plate and conical–cylindrical double cavities coupled system
Authors: Zhang Hong , Chen Tianlin 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to obtain and analyze vibro-acoustic characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA unified analysis model for the rotary composite laminated plate and conical–cylindrical double cavities coupled system is established. The related parameters of the unified model are determined by isoparametric transformation. The modified Fourier series are applied to construct the admissible displacement function and the sound pressure tolerance function of the coupled systems. The energy functional of the structure domain and acoustic field domain is established, respectively, and the structure–acoustic coupling potential energy is introduced to obtain the energy functional. Rayleigh–Ritz method was used to solve the energy functional.FindingsThe displacement and sound pressure response of the coupled systems are acquired by introducing the internal point sound source excitation, and the influence of relevant parameters of the coupled systems is researched. Through research, it is found that the impedance wall can reduce the amplitude of the sound pressure response and suppress the resonance of the coupled systems. Besides, the composite laminated plate has a good noise reduction effect.Originality/valueThis study can provide the theoretical guidance for vibration and noise reduction.
Ethnic mental health inequalities and mental health policies in England 1999-2020
Authors: Hussain Basharat , Hui Ada , Timmons Stephen , Nkhoma Kennedy 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This paper presents a thematic synthesis of mental health policies published in England from 1999 to 2020.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper aims to present a thematic synthesis of mental health policies published in England from 1999 to 2020. The authors specifically focus on ethnicity-related mental health issues highlighted in policies, policy recommendations and performance measurements of policy implementation.

Findings
Findings from this synthesis demonstrate that ethnic mental health inequalities remain comparable over the past two decades. Ongoing issues include a lack of data on the ethnicity of mental health services users. Where data is available, these highlight ethnic inequalities in access to, experiences of and outcomes of mental health services, as well as a lack of cultural capability in health-care professionals. Policy recommendations have also remained the same during this time and include: collecting data on the ethnicity of service users, raising awareness of the cultural needs of Black and Minority ethnic populations amongst health-care professionals, recruiting BME staff into mental health care services and improving community engagement. The synthesis identified poor indicators of performance measurement on policy implementation and weak monitoring regimes.

Practical implications
The synthesis identified poor indicators of performance measurement on policy implementation and weak monitoring regimes.

Originality/value
This paper presents a thematic synthesis of mental health policies published in England from 1999 to 2020.
Networking of corporate universities in knowledge management: evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yunqi , Xu Yusen , Zhai Qingguo 
Published: March 2022

PurposeA corporate university is a knowledge management institution established within an enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of knowledge activities of corporate university and their relationship, particularly the role of networking in the knowledge management.Design/methodology/approachHaier, which had the earliest Chinese corporate university in the science and technology manufacturing industry, was employed as a case study. Data were collected by interviews and through consulting the documents of Haier’s corporate university. Grounded theory was used for data analysis.FindingsThe paper finds that corporate universities are engaged in three kinds of activities, namely, enterprise operational knowledge transfer, networking activities and scientific and technological activities. There is a dynamic circular relationship among these three kinds of activities, which form a “figure of eight” cycle model. Networking activities are the hub between enterprise operational knowledge transfer and scientific and technological activities. There is a two-way integration of enterprise operational knowledge transfer and science and technological activities via networking activities. Networking activities, thus, play a key role in the development of corporate universities into knowledge management centers. The scope of the key activities of corporate universities is dynamic and expanding. The double circulation effect among key activities in corporate universities has strengthened over time.Originality/valueBy investigating the dynamic nature of the activities of corporate universities, particularly the role of networking in knowledge management, this research enriches the study of the knowledge management of corporate universities.
Technology adoption in hotels: applying institutional theory to tourism
Authors: Soares André Luiz Vieira , Mendes-Filho Luiz , Gretzel Ulrike 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply institutional theory to demonstrate if and how mimetic, coercive and normative pressures shape technology adoption in hotels and lead to institutional isomorphism.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a qualitative approach involving interviews with managers representing 20 different hotels. A theory-driven thematic analysis was carried out with institutional theory concepts serving as guidance. The data analysis involved three phases, namely, pre-analysis, exploration and finalizing of results. Nvivo software was used to assist with the coding.FindingsThe results show signs of isomorphism on a large scale across several items related to technology adoption practices and uses of technological tools. For instance, hoteliers adopt similar standards, feel the need to mimic competition and all strive to be well-evaluated on sites such as TripAdvisor to achieve legitimacy in the marketplace. In contrast, coercive pressures from trade associations or other governing bodies seem to have little influence on technology adoption decisions. Instead, consumers are seen as powerful agents driving technology adoption in the industry. Regarding normative pressures, certification from third parties is perceived as a more important source of legitimization than recognition from government institutions or trade associations.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the still limited literature on institutional theory in tourism and provides an alternative perspective to understanding technology adoption from a rational technology acceptance model point-of-view.
Anhidrosis accompanied by cholinergic urticaria‐like rash and dermal pain in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Yanagida Nozomi , Takahagi Shunsuke , Aoyama Yumi , Tanaka Akio , Hide Michihiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCholinergic urticaria (CholU)‐like rash and dermal pain on sweating occur in patients with acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA). However, it is unclear whether these are symptoms specific to AIGA among the various types of acquired generalized anhidrosis/hypohidrosis (AGAH). Moreover, the pathogenesis underlying CholU‐like rash and dermal pain observed with anhidrosis remains to be clarified. A 20‐year‐old Japanese man with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) presented with anhidrosis. Transient stinging pain on the skin and pinpoint wheals were observed when his body temperature increased. Thermoregulatory sweat testing revealed anhidrotic areas covering 69% of the body surface area with a symmetrical distribution. A high concentration of histamine was detected (506 ng/mL) in the sweat. A skin biopsy specimen from the anhidrotic area showed the inflamed secretory portion of eccrine glands. This suggested inflammation‐mediated damage to sweat glands, consistent with AGAH related to SS. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed an ectopic distribution of dermcidin, a sweat‐specific peptide, in the dermal tissue surrounding the secretory portion of eccrine glands. The expression of claudin‐3, a tight junction (TJ) component of sweat glands, decreased or distributed in a mottled manner in the secretory portion. No decreased expression of muscarinic cholinergic receptor M3 was detected. These results suggested that sweat had leaked into the dermis in association with impaired TJ in the secretory portion, along with the damage to inflamed sweat glands related to SS. Collectively, CholU‐like rash and dermal pain on sweating were observed in an AGAH patient with SS. The sweat leakage into the dermis may contribute to the development of the rash and pain.