bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and reproduction of the two-spot swimming crab Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886) (Decapoda, Brachyura) in Goheung Bay, Korea
Authors: Hong Sung-Mok , Choi Ha-Kyong , Yu Min-Su , Oh Chul-Woong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The growth and reproduction of Charybdis bimaculata (Miers, 1886) were investigated in Goheung Bay, Korea, from February 2020 to February 2021. Females were observed more frequently than males. The gonadosomatic index varied monthly, and reached the highest value in July. Ovigerous females peaked in July as well. The main spawning season was summer. The size at sexual maturity of females, corresponding to a proportion of 0.5 sexually mature individuals, was estimated as 20.93 mm carapace width (CW). The relationship between ln number of eggs (EN) and was for noneyed eggs, and for eyed eggs. Males grew faster than females ( mm CW and year−1 for males, and mm CW and year−1 for females).
Der Erbvertrag der Römer und der Erbvertrag heute
Authors: Grebieniow Aleksander 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Pacta successoria in Roman and contemporary law: observations in the margin of M.F. Merotto’s recent book. – The work I patti successori dispositivi nel diritto romano is the most recent publication tackling the problem of contractual succession according to Roman law. In the book’s introduction, Maria Federica Merotto responds to the voices calling for a more nuanced study of this phenomenon. Despite numerous exciting thoughts, the study displays shortcommings. The vast discrepancy between the declared methodological attitude and the actual course of the textual exegesis serves as a starting point for a more profound reflection on the shadow that modern legal concepts cast onto the ancient texts and the narrowness of traditional corpus of sources in conventional Roman law research.
Iğtihād of the Jordanian Šarīʿa Judiciary in the Interpretation of Legal Terms An Applied Study
Authors: Haswa Maher , Baker Man 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article studies a collection of legal terms and their interpretation by Jordanian courts in matters related to the Šarīʿa. It outlines the method through which the meaning of terms is determined by returning to Islamic foundations of jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh), a source specified by Jordanian law which can be used to define legal terms as well as the context, scope, and application of legal texts. The article examines a set of judicial interpretations (iğtihād) of terms which have carried different points of view in both courts of first instance and appeals. The methodology of the study combines between theoretical discussions derived from Islamic foundations of jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) and the application of interpretive principles through a focus on determining the purpose of the legislator. The article highlights the role of the contemporary Muslim judiciary in developing personal status law through the interpretation of terms that carry multiple meanings and explores the essential principles relied upon in this process, establishing a path for future legal reform.
“Experience, Language, and Behavior in Pragmatism: A Response to Voparil’s Reconstructing Pragmatism”
Authors: Koopman Colin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chris Voparil’s Reconstructing Pragmatism builds the best case to date that the neopragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty decisively and productively reshaped the lineage of pragmatist philosophy. In developing new directions for pragmatism, the book seeks to press past a number of recent debates. One such debate concerns the relative priority of experience and language as methodological starting points for pragmatist philosophy. While Voparil seeks to abandon this debate as outworn, this review argues that the issue of pragmatism’s methodological apparatus cannot be easily set aside. Only by addressing head-on the disadvantages of experience-first pragmatism and language-first pragmatism can a next iteration of pragmatist philosophy properly develop a third methodological option, tantalizingly noted by Voparil, of a practice-first pragmatism.
Impacts of the Aerosol Representation in WRF-Solar Clear-Sky Irradiance Forecasts over CONUS
Authors: Lee Jared A. , Jiménez Pedro A. , Dudhia Jimy , Saint-Drenan Yves-Marie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a primary source of solar irradiance forecast error in clear-sky conditions. Improving the accuracy of AOD in NWP models like WRF will thus reduce error in both direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI), which should improve solar power forecast errors, at least in cloud-free conditions. In this study clear-sky GHI and DNI was analyzed from four configurations of the WRF-Solar model with different aerosol representations: 1) the default Tegen climatology, 2) imposing AOD forecasts from the GEOS-5 model, 3) imposing AOD forecasts from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) model, and 4) the Thompson–Eidhammer aerosol-aware water/ice-friendly aerosol climatology. More than 8 months of these 15-min output forecasts are compared with high-quality irradiance observations at NOAA SURFRAD and Solar Radiation (SOLRAD) stations located across CONUS. In general, WRF-Solar with GEOS-5 AOD had the lowest errors in clear-sky DNI, while WRF-Solar with CAMS AOD had the highest errors, higher even than the two aerosol climatologies, which is consistent with validation of the four AOD550 datasets against AERONET stations. For clear-sky GHI, the statistics differed little between the four models, as expected because of the lesser sensitivity of GHI to aerosol loading. Hourly average clear-sky DNI and GHI were also analyzed, and they were additionally compared with CAMS model output directly. CAMS irradiance performed competitively with the best WRF-Solar configuration (with GEOS-5 AOD). The markedly different performance of CAMS versus WRF-Solar with CAMS AOD indicates that CAMS is apparently less sensitive to AOD550 than WRF-Solar is.

Significance Statement
Particles in the atmosphere called aerosols, which can include dust, smoke, sea salt, sulfates, black carbon, and organic carbon, absorb and scatter incoming sunlight. Improving the representation of aerosols in numerical weather prediction models reduces forecast errors in solar irradiance at ground level, particularly direct normal irradiance, during cloud-free conditions. This in turn should result in improved accuracy of solar power forecasts, especially for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. CSP plants tend to be built in more arid, less cloudy regions that are also prone to dust loading, so accurate aerosol forecasts are particularly relevant. Comparing four representations of aerosols in the WRF-Solar model over eight months of forecasts across the United States reveals substantial differences in clear-sky irradiance forecast skill.
Successful Fixation of Traumatic Articular Cartilage–Only Fragments in the Juvenile and Adolescent Knee: A Case Series
Authors: Husen Martin , Krych Aaron J. , Stuart Michael J. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Saris Daniel B.F. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Some surgeons are now considering fixation of traumatic chondral-only fragments in juvenile knees, but few data remain to guide treatment. Purpose: To determine if surgical fixation of chondral-only fragments in the juvenile knee results in an adequate healing response with successful imaging and clinical outcomes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Data were collected on 16 skeletally immature patients treated with fixation of chondral-only fragments with a minimum 1-year follow-up. Patients were selected by the operating surgeons based on the quality and size of the chondral fragment. Demographic data, lesion characteristics, surgical procedure details, complications, and postoperative imaging were assessed. Validated outcome measures were collected pre- and postoperatively and included the following scores: International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Marx Activity Scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity–Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)–Physical Health and PROMIS–Psychological Health, and Tegner. Results: The mean age of our patient cohort was 14.9 years. The mean size of the repaired defects measured 3.2 cm2. Injury sites included the patella (n = 1), medial femoral condyle (n = 3), trochlea (n = 4), and lateral femoral condyle (n = 8). Within the mean follow-up time of 42.3 months (range, 15-145), there was 1 clinical failure with loosening of the chondral fragment and the need for reoperation. At a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, the mean (interquartile range) patient-reported outcome scores were as follows: IKDC, 95.2 (94.3-100); Marx Activity Scale, 11.5 (11.5-16); KOOS, 95.81 (93.5-95.81); HSS Pedi-FABS, 16.94 (11.5-26); PROMIS–Physical Health, 93.75% (90%-100%); PROMIS–Psychological Health, 90% (88.75%-100%); and Tegner, 5.69 (4.75-7). All patients who were engaged in sports before injury returned to the same or higher level of competition with the exception of 1 patient. Conclusion: Primary repair of chondral-only injuries with internal fixation can be a successful treatment option in selected patients. Clinical and imaging results at final follow-up suggest that reintegration of the cartilage fragment is achievable and leads to excellent clinical function and a high return-to-sports rate.
Nursing Students’ Satisfaction and Self-Confidence Levels After Their Simulation Experience
Authors: Alharbi Kholoud , Alharbi Manal F. 
Published: November 2022

Background Nursing students should be well prepared before going to clinical setting as they provide direct care to patient. Simulation gives the learners the opportunity to be active learners who practice, train, and give a reflection on a specific experience. Objective To obtain an understanding of the human patient simulation experience and nursing students’ perceptions of satisfaction and self-confidence. Method Cross-sectional, descriptive design was undertaken. Using purposive sampling, 273 nursing students were enrolled in basic adult nursing courses at levels four and five at female nursing college at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was used to measure the demographic characteristics, simulation design characteristics, and simulation educational practice context. Student Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning Scale was used to measure students’ satisfaction and self-confidence. Bivariate analyses were utilized where needed and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to find the relationship between variables. Results The current study revealed overall, nursing students were satisfied and self-confident after their human patient simulation experience. A relationship was observed between demographic characteristics, simulation design characteristics, and simulation educational practice context with students’ satisfaction and self-confidence. Conclusion Simulation is an effective teaching strategy that prepares nursing students for real clinical practice. Findings provided policymakers with information on nursing students’ current levels of satisfaction and self-confidence that can lead to developing future policies.
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new candidate genes for sickle cell disease nephropathy
Authors: Garrett Melanie E. , Soldano Karen L. , Erwin Kyle N. , Zhang Yingze , Gordeuk Victor R. , Gladwin Mark T. , Telen Marilyn J. , Ashley-Koch Allison E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sickle cell disease nephropathy (SCDN), a common SCD complication, is strongly associated with mortality. Polygenic risk scores calculated from recent transethnic meta-analyses of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trended toward association with proteinuria and eGFR in SCD but the model fit was poor (R2 &lt; 0.01), suggesting that there are likely unique genetic risk factors for SCDN. Therefore, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 2 critical manifestations of SCDN, proteinuria and decreased eGFR, in 2 well-characterized adult SCD cohorts, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the largest SCDN sample to date. Meta-analysis identified 6 genome-wide significant associations (false discovery rate, q ≤ 0.05): 3 for proteinuria (CRYL1, VWF, and ADAMTS7) and 3 for eGFR (LRP1B, linc02288, and FPGT-TNNI3K/TNNI3K). These associations are independent of APOL1 risk and represent novel SCDN loci, many with evidence for regulatory function. Moreover, GWAS SNPs in CRYL1, VWF, ADAMTS7, and linc02288 are associated with gene expression in kidney and pathways important to both renal function and SCD biology, supporting the hypothesis that SCDN pathophysiology is distinct from other forms of kidney disease. Together, these findings provide new targets for functional follow-up that could be tested prospectively and potentially used to identify patients with SCD who are at risk, before onset of kidney dysfunction.
Corrosion Resistance and Tribological Properties of Laser Cladding Layer of H13 Die Steel Strengthened by Ultrasonic Rolling
Authors: Zheng Kaikui , Lin Youxi , Cai Jianguo , Lei Chengqian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLaser cladding is a new surface repair method that can improve the wear and corrosion resistance of substrate surfaces. However, the cladding layer typically exhibits a rough surface, high hardness and large residual tensile stress, and thus requires further machining and finishing. Ultrasonic rolling (U-rolling) is a highly efficient finishing and strengthening process that combines ultrasonic technology with traditional rolling (T-rolling). In this study, an iron-based alloy was coated onto the surface of H13 die steel using laser cladding, and the surface of the cladding layer was polished using U-rolling. The effects of U-rolling on the surface quality, corrosion resistance and friction and wear properties of the laser-cladding layer were investigated and compared with those obtained by T-rolling. The surface roughness of the U-rolled sample was only 1/4 that of the T-rolled sample. The hardness and residual compressive stress of the laser cladding layer after U-rolling were higher than those after T-rolling. Similarly, the surface corrosion resistance of the laser cladding layer after U-rolling was higher than that after T-rolling. U-rolling changed the surface roughness, grain size, and residual stress of the material and thus affected the corrosion resistance of the laser cladding layer. The friction coefficient and wear rate of the U-rolled surface of the cladding layer were lower than those of the T-rolled surface. In addition, the tribological properties of the cladding layer were found to be related to the rolling direction. When the friction direction of the sample was the same as the rolling direction, its friction and wear performance were higher than those when the two directions were perpendicular.
The variability of terpenoids and flavonoids in native Lindera umbellata from the same region
Authors: Kusumoto Norihisa , Morikawa Takuya , Hashida Koh , Matsui Naoyuki , Ohira Tatsuro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe leaves and twigs of Lindera spp. have long been used as a herbal medicine and toothpicks in Japan. However, little is known about individual variations in the extractives of these species, because many previous studies have not distinguished extractives between individuals. In this study, we investigated the extractives of L. umbellata at the individual level. The detailed identification of the inter- and intra-individual variations in the major terpenoids and flavonoids in native L. umbellata may greatly contribute to the development of cultivation techniques and the effective use of forest resources. The contents of major components of L. umbellata, including four terpenoids (1,8-cineole, linalool, geraniol, and geranyl acetate) and five low-molecular-weight phenolics (pinocembrin chalcone, pinocembrin, pinostrobin chalcone, pinostrobin, and 5,6-dehydrokawain), were analyzed in leaves and twigs seasonally (June, August, and October). The compositions of the major terpenoids were strongly dependent on the properties of each individual and were generally independent of leaves and twigs. Moreover, geranyl acetate was characteristically present in the twigs of some individuals. As new findings regarding linalool, some individuals showed characteristic enantiomeric excesses, presumably because of biotic factors, and the proportion of these enantiomers was kept constant in each individual, regardless of the season. The total phenolic contents in leaves were more than twice those detected in twigs, and the leaves tended to contain more chalcones and twigs more flavanones. Furthermore, the contents of chalcones (pinocembrin chalcone vs. pinostrobin chalcone) and flavanones (pinocembrin vs. pinostrobin) were positively correlated in both leaves and twigs. The coefficient of variation (CV) clearly showed that the content of the major terpenoids was determined by inter-individual rather than intra-individual differences. Although the results obtained in this study should at present only be applicable to a limited population native to specific regions, our findings provide key knowledge in considering the sustainable use of L. umbellata.
Survival time and predictors of death among HIV infected under five children after initiation of anti -retroviral therapy in West Amhara Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Gebrie Getu , Nigussie Zelalem Mehari , Amlak Baye Tsegaye , Achamyeleh Anemaw Asrat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that primarily targets an individual's immune system. In Ethiopia, nearly 24% of HIV-related deaths occur in children under the age of five. However, studies regarding the survival time of HIV-positive under-five children after anti-retroviral therapy initiation are limited with poor evidence of predictors of death.

Objective
To assess survival time and predictors of death among HIV infected under-five children after initiation of anti-retroviral therapy in West Amhara Referral Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods
A multicenter institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 432 HIV-positive under-five children on anti-retroviral therapy selected by simple random sampling from January 2010 to December 2019. A standardized data extraction tool was employed, which was adapted from anti-retroviral therapy entry and follow-up forms. The event of interest for this study is death, whereas the absence of experience of death is censored. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the survival probability. The Cox regression model was used to identify independent predictors of death.

Results
Among the 415 records included in the final analysis, 25 (6.02%) of the individuals were died. The incidence rate of death was found to be 2.87 per 1000 child-months (95%CI: 1.94–4.25). The cumulative survival probabilities of children after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 0.97, 0.95, 0.92, and 0.85 respectively. HIV-infected under-five children who lived in rural areas (AHR 3.32:-95% CI 1.17–9.39), with poor adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (AHR = 3.36; CI: 1.06, 10.69), without Isoniazide prophylaxis (AHR = 3.15; CI: 1.11, 8.94) and with anemia (AHR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.16, 8.03) were at higher risk of death.

Conclusion and recommendation
Death of HIV-infected under-five children on anti-retroviral therapy is high within the first one year after enrolment. Living in rural area, had poor adherence, lacked Isoniazide prophylaxis, and anemia were predictors of death. Therefore, clinicians shall emphasize for those specific risk factors of death and take action accordingly.
Decreased serum superoxide dismutase concentration has a high value for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection—a single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Yan Shuo , Zhang Xiaofei , Lyu Zhen , Liu Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
As the most serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) often leads to disastrous consequences. An accurate preoperative diagnosis plays a significant role in saving prostheses and optimizing treatment outcomes. Through this retrospective case–control study, we aimed to investigate the potential of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a novel serum biomarker in the diagnosis of PJI.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent TKA and received adequate follow-ups in our hospital from June 2015 to December 2021. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the PJI group based on the 2018 International Consensus Meeting (ICM) criteria. Besides that, we enrolled 100 patients who underwent TKA in the same period and had a good postoperative course in the control group. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results (serum, synovial, and microbial), and intraoperative findings (purulence and histopathology) were documented and compared by univariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance.

Results
The median serum SOD level in the PJI and control group was 135.95 ± 24.47 U/ml (IQR, 111.85–158.30 U/ml) and 173.83 ± 13.9 U/ml (IQR,162.83–183.5 U/ml) (p < 0.05), respectively. With the calculated cutoff of SOD at 149.5U/L, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), were 0.919, 0.72, 0.97, 0.923, and 0.874, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the specificity of SOD in diagnosing culture-negative PJI remained extremely high (0.98). Combined diagnosis of serum SOD and C-reactive protein (CRP) made AUC increase to 0.972.

Conclusion
Serum SOD showed great potential in the diagnosis of PJI.