bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroponic Production of Cut Chrysanthemums: A Commercial Trial
Authors: Hicklenton Peter R. , Blatt C. R. , O’Regan R. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A hydroponic nutrient film (NF) system was compared with soil for the production of five cut chrysanthemum crops in a commercial greenhouse. Crops of the cultivars Polaris; Blue, White and Florida Marble; Icecap; Chardonnay; and Heirloom matured 5 days earlier, on average, in NF than in soil. Yields of flowering stems were similar in each system, but close spacing increased productivity per unit greenhouse area for NF. Costs and returns for installation and operation of soil and NF systems in a 1-ha greenhouse were analyzed based on data obtained from the trial crops. Capital and operating costs per unit area increased for NF, but productivity and returns were also greatly improved. Internal rates of return (IRR) were higher for NF, compared to soil, over economic lifetimes ranging from 5 to 25 years. Product price variations caused similar changes in IRR for both systems. A 20% downturn in price, however, resulted in IRR of 3.5% and 19.4% for soil and NF, respectively, over a 25-year lifetime.
Freeze Preservation of Apical Meristems of Rubus in Liquid Nitrogen
Authors: Reed Barbara M. , Lagerstedt H. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tip explants from tissue culture plantlets of five Rubus accessions (Rubus leucodermis Torr. & Gray, R. spectabilis Pursh, R. idaeus L. ‘Heritage’, Rubus spp. ‘Logan Thornless’ and ‘Merton Thornless’) were frozen slowly (0.8°C/min) to -40° and then rapidly to -196° in the presence of cryoprotectants. Following rapid thawing, regrowth as organized apical growth or as callus occurred on agar media. A combination of polyethylene glycol (PEG), glucose, and dimethylsulfoxide (PGD) was the most successful cryoprotectant.
Measurement of Apple Leaf Total Nitrogen by Near-infrared Reflectance
Authors: Korcak R. F. , Norris K. H. , Walker V. , Bhargava J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A near-infrared reflectance (NIR) technique was developed that provides a rapid, nondestructive, nonchemical analysis of ground apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaf tissue for predicting total N content. Leaf tissue samples of apple with known (chemical) leaf N concentrations ranging from about 1.6% to 2.9% N were used in the calibration of the NIR technique. The NIR technique was highly correlated (r = 0.923) with the chemically determined total leaf N content. Prediction of tissue N values was performed with a standard error of estimate of about ±0.10% N. This value compares favorably with the standard error obtained for duplicate determinations preformed by a tissue analysis facility employing standard chemical (Kjeldahl) digestion methodology.
Timing of a Lighting Period For Easter Lily Bulbs Prior to Forcing
Authors: Pertuit A. J. , Kelly J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Supplemental night lighting of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb) plants (2, 5-7) induces early floral initiation and reduces the number of leaves per plant, provided the bulbs (plants) have not been saturated with cold inductive temperatures <21.1°C, the upper limit of vernalization for Lilium ‘Ace’ (6). Also, ‘Ace’ bulbs respond to light during cold storage, which reduces the number of leaves formed before floral initiation and increases the percentage of plants that flower (4). Lighting Allim bulbs during cold storage was also shown by De Mille and Vest (1) to promote early flowering.
Response of Foliage Plants to Fertilizer Application Rates and Associated Leachate Conductivity
Authors: Poole R. T. , Chase A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Excessive fertilization produces high soluble salts, resulting in root damage and poor quality foliage. Although usually determined by mixing soil with water, conductivity also can be determined by mixing with leachate obtained by pouring water through the potting medium.
‘Duke’ Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Draper Arlen , Galletta Gene , Jelenkovic Gojko , Vorsa Nicholi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Duke’ highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a new cultivar originating from the cooperative blueberry breeding program of the USDA and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. It is a productive, early ripening cultivar with fruit that has the shipping qualities needed for commercial fresh market use. ‘Duke’ is intended for commercial growers and packers in areas where high-chilling highbush blueberries are grown successfully. ‘Duke’ is named in honor of S. Arthur (Duke) Galletta, to recognize his many significant and meaningful contributions, and those of his Atlantic Blueberry Company partners and their staff, in continuous support of the blueberry breeding work since 1949.
GA 1565-2-4 BWT, GA 219-1-2 BWT, GA 1095-1-4 BWT, and GA 1405-1-2 BWT Bacterial Wilt-tolerant Tomato
Authors: Jaworski Casimir A. , Phatak Sharad C. , Ghate Suhas R. , Gitaitis Ronald D. , Widrlechner Mark P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bacterial wilt, caused by the soil-borne pathogen Pseudomonas solanacearum E, F. Sm., causes major economic losses in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in many warm, humid regions of the world (6, 8). Selections of L. esculentum (GA 1565-2-4 BWT, GA 219-1-2 BWT and GA 1095-1-4 BWT) and of L. esculentum × L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. (GA 14051-2 BWT), all possessing high tolerance levels to P. solanacearum, are jointly released by the ARS/USDA and the Univ. of Georgia.
C879-J1 and -J2 Virescent Mutant Muskmelon Breeding Lines
Authors: Nugent P. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
C879-J1 and C879-J2 muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding lines were released by the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory in 1984. These lines are homozygous recessive for virescent v (2). They are useful for germplasm enhancement, species crosses, and isogenic line production, as well as for hybrid, pollination, genetic, and linkage studies.
“Ornamentals”
Authors: Flint Harrison L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three cheers for Tukey for pointing out why we should no longer use the word “ornamentals” (HortScience 22:9, Feb. 1987) to describe landscape plants, with their many functional uses that transcend the merely ornamental. Some of us have been uncomfortable with the word for a long time. Now it is time to discipline ourselves to the use of more appropriate language—if we expect our products and services to receive the respect they deserve.
Solar Injury of Raspberry Fruit
Authors: Renquist A. R. , Hughes H. G. , Rogoyski M. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is prone to a “white drupelet” disorder on the sun-exposed side of the fruit, largely during those harvest periods when daytime temperatures exceed about 33°C. In mid-August, more than 40% of the fruit were affected. Three types of shade covers (30% and 60% black shade fabric and 25% shade white polyester), placed over raspberry plots for 1 to 3 weeks prior to fruit harvest, reduced the amount of solar-injured fruit from 41% in unshaded plots to between 8% and 16%. Fruit surface temperature was reduced about 4° by both black shade fabrics, but only 1° by the polyester cover. Fans cooled fruit by about 2°, but the reduction in solar injury was less than with shade covers.
Mechanical Harvest of Red Raspberry as Affected by Training Systems
Authors: Martin Lloyd W. , Nelson Esther 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L, cv. Meeker) was grown with either 3-m or alternate 3-m and 1.5-m between-row spacing. Canes were trained as: a) pruned upright bundles, b) pruned and individually woven canes, or c) unpruned looped bundles, all secured to wires 1.5 m high. Training did not consistently affect yield as obtained with a Littau mechanical harvester. Fruit size was smallest in the unpruned bundles. The amount of fruit that dropped between or during harvests was substantial, but was similar for row spacings and training systems.
Inoculation of Sweet Potato with Azospirillum
Authors: Crossman Stafford M. , Hill Walter A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The response of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) to inoculation with Azospirillum with and without fertilizer N was evaluated in a greenhouse and field study. In the greenhouse study, storage root N concentration of ‘Centennial’ and ‘Jewel’ were higher with 34 mg N/pot + inoculant (Cd strain) than with 34 mg N/pot without inoculant. In the field study, the marketable and total root yields and root N contents of ‘Centennial’ for the 0 kg N/ha + Cd inoculant and 0 kg N/ha + TI-sp-(7 + 11) inoculant treatments were higher than for the 0 kg N/ha control and were not different from or higher than the 67 kg N/ha treatments with or without the inoculants.
Use of Growth Retardants to Improve Ripening Uniformity and Yield of Processing Tomatoes
Authors: Frost D. J. , Kretchman D. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
After the major fruit set period was completed, aqueous sprays of 1000 ppm dikegulac, 66 ppm ancymidol, 1000 ppm maleic hydrazide (MH), and 1 kg·ha−1 RSW 0411 were applied to processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plants. Dikegulac, RSW 0411, and ancymidol visually reduced vegetative growth, whereas MH had no apparent influence. None of the compounds reduced the number of flower clusters or flowers per cluster on the late-season growth, but dikegulac and RSW 0411 did reduce the percentage of fruit set in the terminal regions. The partial reductions in late vegetative and/or reproductive growth from the chemical treatments did not enhance uniformity of fruit maturity. Only the dikegulac treatment decreased the yields and percentage of green fruit from the harvest. Chemical names used: 2,3:4,6-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene-d-l-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid (dikegulac); α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); 1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione [maleic hydrazide (MH)]; and β-(cyclohexylmethylene-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (RSW 0411).
Tomato Fruit Temperature Before Chilling Influences Ripening After Chilling
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. , Cabrera Roberto M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Castlemart) either harvested hot (e.g., 32°C) and chilled for 7 days at 7°, or harvested cool (e.g., 19°) and held in the laboratory at 37° for 7 hr before chilling at 2.5° for 4 days ripened slower (a symptom of chilling injury) than fruit that were either harvested cool (19°) or held at 12.5° for 7 hr before chilling.
Carbon Dioxide-induced Injury of Romaine Lettuce Stored in Controlled Atmospheres
Authors: Lipton Werner J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was stored for 2 weeks at 0°, 2.5°, or 5°C with O2/CO2 (%/%) levels of 21/0 (air), 20/5, 20/7.5, 20/10, 20/15, 20/20, 20/30, 0.25/0, or 0.5/0. Controlled atmosphere combinations of 20/15, 20/20, and 20/30 resulted in brown, sunken patches on the green lamina at all temperatures. The 20/10 treatment induced this injury only at 0° and 2.5°, whereas 20/7.5 induced it only at 0°. No injury developed in 20/5 or 21/0. Brown stain, a typical symptom of CO2 injury on midribs of crisphead lettuce, was absent in 20/30, 20/20, 20/5, and 21/0, but developed in the other atmospheres, mainly at 0°. Low levels of O2 (0.5% or 2%) combined with 7.5% CO2 did not consistently enhance sensitivity of romaine to CO2 injury. Salability was retained at least as well in romaine stored at 0° or 2.5° in air as in any of the controlled atmospheres.
Relationship of Ice Nucleation and Water Status to Freezing Patterns in Dormant Peach Flower Buds
Authors: Quamme H. A. , Gusta L. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The supercooling of flower primordia within dormant peach buds [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] is dependent on water migration from the base of the flower primordium to preferential sites of freezing in the flower bud scales and pith during the initial stages of freezing. The preferential freezing that occurs in the flower bud scales and pith does not appear to be caused by a difference in distribution of ice nucleators. The mean nucleation temperature of the flower bud increased with the amount of attached shoot, an indication that ice nucleation began in the shoot and spread into the flower bud. The flower primordium, however, appeared to have an intrinsic resistance to ice nucleation in comparison to other parts of the flower bud, which may be related to its lower water and osmotic potentials. The reduced osmotic potential of the flower primordium could be a consequence of significantly higher sucrose levels on a dry weight basis compared to that of the vascular tissue below the flower buds or that of the flower bud scales. A gradient in water potential between the xylem of the shoot and the flower bud also existed and may account for the recovery of water that is lost from the flower bud during freezing.
Afterripening and Harvesting Effects on Tabasco Pepper Seed Germination Performance
Authors: Edwards R. L. , Sundstrom F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field emergence of Tabasco pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) often requires 10 to 14 days even under optimum conditions. Methods to increase and accelerate Tabasco seed germination were investigated. Seed were extracted from orange and red fruit harvested at 150, 195, and 240 days from transplanting. The influence of fruit maturity on seed germination performance was significant over all harvest times. Seed extracted from red fruit had a significantly greater germination rate and final germination percentage than seed from orange fruit. Germination performance of seed extracted from red fruit harvested 150 days after transplanting was superior to that of seed harvested from orange fruit and to seed harvested later in the growing season. Results indicate that Tabasco seed extracted from red fruit responds favorably to a period of dry after ripening. A 21-day period at 25°C appears to be optimum for improving germination percentage and rate.
Viability of Celery Pollen After Collection and Storage
Authors: D’Antonio Vince , Quiros Carlos F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A technique for collection and storage of viable celery (Apium graveolens L.) pollen is reported for the cv. Tall Utah 52-70R and the annual strain A143. Umbels at anthesis were dried in an incubator for 14 hr at 31°C, crushed by hand, and passed through a sieve. The pollen released by this operation was collected on a sheet of paper and stored in gelatin capsules. High drying temperatures were detrimental to pollen viability. Pollen collection at different times of the day did not affect viability. After 6 days at 24°, a significant percentage of pollen grains was still viable. The viability declined close to 0% in 9 to 12 days. Pollen of A143 survived better than that of ‘T.U. 52-70R’. Pollen stored for 9 months at 4° maintained a viability of 45% to 50%, but declined close to 0% by the 18th month. Pollen stored at −10° maintained a viability of 10% to 30% by the 18th month. Storage of celery pollen at −10° for 6 to 9 months will keep enough viability for pollinations. Use of stored viable pollen will help with the crossing of celery, as it is often difficult to synchronize the flowering of different plants.
Inheritance of Low Temperature Tolerance in Beans at Several Growth Stages
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Petzoldt R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Narrow sense heritabilities were 28%, 56%, 45%, and 74%, respectively, imbibition at 5°C and, at 16°, for seedling vigor, plant vigor, and days to bloom in a cross of NY 590 × BBL 92. Cold tolerance at these stages was inherited independently. Pod set at 16° behaved as a recessive, compared to only setting at warmer temperatures. Selections made under 16° generally did very well in an unusually cool season in New York. Double setting was absent in lines that showed set at 16°, and present in many cultivars.
Effect of Single Plant Selection in Commercial Pea Cultivars on Bloom Dates and on Green Pea Yield for Processing
Authors: Haglund W. A. , Anderson W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single plant progeny (SPP) lines of peas (Pisum sativum L.) selected from the cultivars Early Frosty and Darkskin Perfection were compared for days to bloom, nodes to first flower, and yield. In 1980, SPP lines from within a cultivar deviated significantly in bloom date, nodes to first flower, and yield. One SPP line from each cultivar was compared to the commercial cultivar for yield from 1980 through 1985. The average yield during 5 years for ‘Early Frosty’ and ‘Darkskin Perfection’ was 4.07 and 3.72 t·ha-1 and 5.86 and 5.80 t·ha-1 for their respective SPP lines, equivalent to 44% and 56% yield improvement for the SPP lines. The data obtained from the SPP lines establish that genetic diversity existed within the two cultivars studied. This diversity could be stabilized in SPP lines. With one exception, variation between the SPP lines and/or the cultivar were within the phenotypic descriptions of the original cultivars. The superior yield of the SPP lines selected from ‘Early Frosty’ and ‘Darkskin Perfection’ could not be attributed to the selection of an unknown cultivar contaminating ‘Early Frosty’ and ‘Darkskin Perfection’.
Seasonal Enhancement of Flower Development in ‘Tahiti’ Limes by Marcottage
Authors: Oslund Clayton R. , Davenport Thomas L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Marcots (air layers) were made on ‘Tahiti’ lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) trees every 2 weeks for 1 year. One-half of the marcots were excised from the trees and potted after substantial numbers of roots had formed. Newly emerging generative, mixed, and vegetative shoots were counted during the subsequent period of 2 to 3 weeks on the planted marcots, marcots on the tree, and untreated branches. Marcots generally produced more shoots than untreated branches, but the response was seasonal. During the season of heaviest natural bloom, marcottage increased the number of inflorescences formed as well as the ration of generative to vegetative shoot types. It is suggested that cytokinins translocated from the newly developed adventitious roots of the marcots may play a role in the promotion of shoot development, thus enhancing the numbers of flowering shoots expressed.
Author’s Reply
Authors: Mullins Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I agree with Jones that the information requested is useful and would add to the article. However, I doubt that any article published has all the information that could and should be presented for a perfect paper. I assume that my name and address was a part of the publication so that anyone wanting additional information could contact me. This study was conducted at the request of representatives of a seed company based on their worldwide observations of excessive N use, excessive plant lodging, and difficulty with machine harvest of snap beans. Those observations included both organic and inorganic forms of N and were essentially the same as we found previously with Bush Blue Lake-type snap beans in Tennessee. The newer cultivars apparently have considerable Bush Blue Lake parentage and lodge less with lower N fertilization levels. This article will be reprinted by the seed company involved and will be distributed in several countries as part of an effort to promote improved snap bean production practices.
Needed: A Better Word than “Ornamentals”
Authors: Sanderson Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
H.B. Tukey, Jr.’s request for a better word than “ornamentals” (HortScience 22:9, Feb. 1987) is a point well taken: however, “urban plants” may or may not be an acceptable replacement. It is true that “ornamentals” does us a great disservice. Whether “urban plants” with a professional connotation would be any better would depend on its acceptance in the mind and market. A correct term is needed to qualify the essential and beneficial effects of ornamental horticulture on human beings. It must have both psychological and economic meanings.
Crop Production on Reclaimed Phosphate-mined Soils in Florida
Authors: Hochmuth G. J. , Hanlon E. A. , Strieker J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the article “Crop Production on Reclaimed Phosphate-mined Soils in Florida”, by G.J. Hochmuth, E.A. Hanlon, and J.A. Strieker (HortScience 22:190, 343, April 1987), G.J. Hochmuth’s name was spelled incorrectly.
The International Planting Systems Trial
Authors: Jackson J. E. , Palmer J. W. , Wertheim S. J. , Bunemann G. , Winter F. , Christensen J. Vittrup , Sansavini S. , Mika A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The International Planting Systems Trial, a collaborative experiment, was initiated as a result of discussions within the High Density Planting Working Group of the Fruit Section of the International Society for Horticultural Science.
Relative Productivity and Yield Efficiency of Canning Peach Trees in Three Intensive Growing Systems
Authors: Hutton Ronald J. , McFadyen Lisa M. , Lill Warwick J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low productivity and decreasing profitability have caused a dramatic reduction in planted area and negligible replanting of canning peach trees in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas (M.I.A.) of New South Wales over the past 14 years. The production of canning peaches is now falling below processor requirements. Peach production must be maintained at present levels for continued viability of the canning fruit industry in this region. Furthermore, the average productivity of the remaining plantings is very low by world standards. Faced with rising production costs, growers must raise average efficiency of production to improve profitability.
Influence of Temperature and Applied Auxins During Winter Propagation of Kiwifruit
Authors: Testolin R. , Vitagliano C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson, var. deliciosa] were propagated successfully by hardwood cuttings with bottom heat. Rooting improved in response to increasing bottom heat up to 24°C. Temperatures >24° damaged cuttings. Optimal results were obtained with bottom heat placed in a cold tunnel. In the heated greenhouse, rooting was unsatisfactory. NAA was the most effective auxin in promoting rooting, whereas IBA did not show appreciable effects. Chemical names used: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Muskmelon Production under Mulch and Trickle Irrigation in the Jordan Valley
Authors: Battikhi A. M , Ghawi I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of different plastic mulching using drip irrigation on yields, soil temperature, crop water requirements, and root density and distribution were determined for muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) at the Jordan Valley Research Station, Jordan. There were no significant differences among transparent, black, and nonmulched treatments with respect to irrigation amounts, soil moisture depletion, total water supplied, deep percolation losses, and vapotranspiration. Root weights, density, and distribution, horizontally and vertically, were not significantly different among treatments. Transparent mulch treatment yields averaged 14.2 t·ha-1 and were significantly lower (5% level) than average yields (28.7 t·ha-1) of the black mulch treatments. Nonmulched treatment yields averaged 6.0 t·ha-1 and were significantly different from the average transparent mulch (5% level) and from black mulch (1% level). This difference in yield may be attributed to the fact that black mulch treatments received more irrigations than transparent mulch and bare ones. Calculations of expected potential evapotranspiration for muskmelon during the season showed that the plants did not receive their water requirements.