bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert guidance for the rehabilitation of children with arthrogryposis: protocol using an integrated knowledge translation approach
Authors: Dahan-Oliel Noémi , Cachecho Sarah , Fąfara Alicja , Lacombe Francis , Samargian Ani , Bussières André 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a group of rare congenital disorders characterized by multiple joint contractures present at birth. Contractures can affect different body areas and impact activities of daily living, mobility and participation. Although early rehabilitation is crucial to promote autonomy and participation in children with AMC, empirical evidence to inform best practice is scarce and clinical expertise hard to develop due to the rarity of AMC. Preliminary research involving stakeholders in AMC (youth with AMC, parents, and clinicians) identified priorities in pediatric rehabilitation. Scoping reviews on these priorities showed a lack of high quality evidence related to rehabilitation in AMC. The objective of this project is to provide rehabilitation expert guidance on the assessment and treatment of children with AMC in the areas of muscle and joint function, pain, mobility and self-care, participation and psychosocial wellbeing.

Methods
An integrated knowledge translation approach will be used throughout the project. Current rehabilitation practices in AMC will be identified using a clinician survey. Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework (GRADE) approach, a panel of interdisciplinary expert clinicians, patient and family representatives, and researchers will develop expert guidance on the assessment and treatment for pediatric AMC rehabilitation based on findings from the scoping reviews and survey results. Consensus on the guidance statements will be sought using a modified Delphi process with a wider panel of international AMC experts, and statements appraised using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. Theoretical facilitators and barriers toward implementing clinical guidance into practice will be identified among rehabilitation clinicians and managers to inform the design of dissemination and implementation strategies.

Discussion
This multi-phase project will provide healthcare users and providers with research-based, expert guidance for the rehabilitation of children with AMC and will contribute to family-centered practice.
Visual working memory for connected 3D objects: effects of stimulus complexity, dimensionality and connectivity
Authors: He Chuanxiuyue , Gunalp Peri , Meyerhoff Hauke S. , Rathbun Zoe , Stieff Mike , Franconeri Steven L. , Hegarty Mary 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisual working memory (VWM) is typically measured using arrays of two-dimensional isolated stimuli with simple visual identities (e.g., color or shape), and these studies typically find strong capacity limits. Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) experts are tasked with reasoning with representations of three-dimensional (3D) connected objects, raising questions about whether those stimuli would be subject to the same limits. Here, we use a color change detection task to examine working memory capacity for 3D objects made up of differently colored cubes. Experiment 1a shows that increasing the number of parts of an object leads to less sensitivity to color changes, while change-irrelevant structural dimensionality (the number of dimensions into which parts of the structure extend) does not. Experiment 1b shows that sensitivity to color changes decreases similarly with increased complexity for multipart 3D connected objects and disconnected 2D squares, while sensitivity is slightly higher with 3D objects. Experiments 2a and 2b find that when other stimulus characteristics, such as size and visual angle, are controlled, change-irrelevant dimensionality and connectivity have no effect on performance. These results suggest that detecting color changes on 3D connected objects and on displays of isolated 2D stimuli are subject to similar set size effects and are not affected by dimensionality and connectivity when these properties are change-irrelevant, ruling out one possible explanation for scientists’ advantages in storing and manipulating representations of complex 3D objects.
Physical exercise intervention via telerehabilitation in patients with neurological disorders: a narrative literature review
Authors: Özden Fatih , Özkeskin Mehmet , Ak Süleyman Mert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, telerehabilitation applications have increased with the rapid development of mobile technology. Remote rehabilitation services have utmost importance in chronic neurological disorders. The aim of this narrative literature review was to discuss the physical exercise interventions via telerehabilitation in patients with neurological disorders. The literature search was conducted via PubMed using the neurological pathology terms in the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) database. Physical exercise-based studies within the scope of neurological rehabilitation were included in the study. The contents of the studies were discussed with narrative synthesis.

Results
A total of 329 studies were obtained in the initial search. Twelve studies including cases of multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, parkinson's disease, intracranial tumors, spinal-cord injury were interpreted. A vast majority of studies (50%) was conducted with stroke cases. On the other hand, half of the studies addressed the specific results of balance or balance-falling. The results of the studies were discussed comprehensively.

Conclusion
Physical exercise with telerehabilitation provides productive results to improve quality of life, muscle strength-endurance, hand function, balance, aerobic capacity in neurologic rehabilitation.
Microencapsulation of avocado pear seed (Persea Americana mill) bioactive-rich extracts and evaluation of its antioxidants, in vitro starch digestibility and storage stability
Authors: Awolu Olugbenga O. , Fole Esosa T. , Oladeji Oluwatoyin A. , Ayo-Omogie Helen N. , Olagunju Aderonke I. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the antioxidant activities of avocado seed extract as affected by solvent for extraction and formulation of microcapsule from the extract. Avocado seed powder was extracted using ethanol, aqueous ethanol, and water as solvents. The extract with the highest bioactive activity was encapsulated using corn and cassava starches as cell wall materials. The antioxidant activity, storage stability, in vitro starch digestibility and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the microcapsules were evaluated.

Results
Results indicated that 100% ethanolic extract had the highest flavonoid and total phenolic contents and the highest antioxidant activity. Cassava starch was observed as a better cell wall material for the entrapment of phenolic and bioactive compounds as compared to corn starch. After 30 days of storage at room temperature, there was a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in the DPPH and OH* of the microcapsules, while the total phenol contents increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The FTIR showed that the microcapsules contained primarily alcohol (O–H), carbonyl, (C=O,), alkyne (C≡C) and benzene ring functional groups. The microcapsules were able to retain the bioactive contents during storage.

Conclusion
Microcapsule produced could be used for the formulation of several functional food products and supplements.
In vitro strategies for the enhancement of secondary metabolite production in plants: a review
Authors: Fazili Mohammad Afaan , Bashir Irfan , Ahmad Mudasar , Yaqoob Ubaid , Geelani Syed Naseem 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Plants are the prime source of vital secondary metabolites (SMs) which are medicinally important for drug development, and these secondary metabolites are often used by plants in the various important tasks like defense against herbivory, interspecies defenses and against different types of stresses. For humans, these secondary metabolites are important as medicines, pigments, flavorings and drugs. Because most of the pharmaceutical industries are highly dependent on medicinal plants and their extraction, these medicinal plants are getting endangered.

Main body
Plant cell culture technologies are introduced as a viable mechanism for producing and studying SMs of plants. Various types of in vitro strategies (elicitation, hairy root culture system, suspension culture system, etc.) have been considerably used for the improvement of the production of SMs of plants. For the enhancement of SM production, suspension culture and elicitation are mainly used, but hairy root culture and other organ cultures are proved to satisfy the demand of secondary metabolites. Now, it is easy to control and manipulate the pathways that produce the plant secondary metabolites.

Conclusions
Techniques like plant cell, tissue and organ cultures provide a valuable method for the production of medicinally significant SMs. In recent years, most of the in vitro strategies are used due to knowledge and regulation of SM pathway in commercially valuable plants. In future, these things will provide a valuable method to sustain the feasibility of medicinal plants as the renewable sources of medicinally important compounds, and these methods will provide successful production of desired, important, valuable and also unknown compounds.
Effect of foliar spray of ammonium nitrate and irrigation time on vegetative growth, fruit set, yield and fruit quality of “Ewais” mango trees
Authors: Abd El-Migeed M. M. M. , Abd El-Razek E. , Ali Hassan A. M. , Abdel-Hamid N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe current experiment was done during the 2018 and 2019 seasons on ‘Ewais’ mango trees (Mangifera indica) grown in Research Station, El-Nubaria district, Egypt, to study the impact of spraying ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and irrigation time on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality. All experimental plants have been received the same care,i.e.control of pests & weeds, fertilization, and irrigation until the 1st week of October. The irrigation was adapted to apply 5m3/feddan (4200 m2)/week to control leaves damage due to low temperature after this period and the treatments included: (T1) Water spraying at 1st week of November + start normal irrigation program at the same time after four weeks of adapted irrigation as 5m3/feddan (4200 m2)/week (Control). (T2) Spraying with NH4NO32% at 1st week of November + start normal irrigation program at the same time after four weeks of adapted irrigation as 5m3/feddan /week. (T3) Spraying NH4NO32% at 1st week of November + start normal irrigation program at 1st week of December after eight weeks of adapted irrigation as 5m3/feddan/week. (T4) Spraying NH4NO32% at 1st week of November + start normal irrigation program at 1st week of January after twelve weeks of adapted irrigation as 5m3/feddan/week. All treatments received the same quantity of irrigation water, approximately 4000 m3/feddan/year.ResultsAll treatments (T2, T3 & T4) had a significant influence on vegetative growth, fruiting behavior (fruit set % & the yield), and the fruit quality compared with the control (T1). The significant was not only the fruit physical characteristics (weight, dimensions, volume, and specific gravity) but also the fruit chemical characteristics (total soluble solids % (T.S.S.), acidity %, T.S.S / acid ratio and vitamin C (L- ascorbic acid)).ConclusionSpraying NH4NO32% at 1st week of November plus start normal irrigation program at 1st week of November or December or January after 4 or 8 or 12 weeks of adapted irrigation as 5m3/feddan (4200 m2)/week (T2, T3, and T4) increased the vegetative growth, i.e. length of terminal shoots, No. leaves / terminal shoots & leaf area as well as the fruiting behavior such as fruit set percentage, No. fruits per tree & the tree production (kg/tree) and improved the fruit characteristics not only the fruit physical parameters but also the chemical properties in comparing with the untreated trees. During the two seasons, spraying NH4NO32% at 1st week of November plus start normal irrigation program at 1st week of January after 12 weeks of adapted irrigation as 5m3/feddan/week (T4) is recommended since; it is the only treatment with the superiority effect on studied parameters.
Evaluation of antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles paste with and without curcumin as intracanal medication
Authors: Abdou Soha Adel , Mohamed Amira Ibrahim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of the current study was to compare the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles AgNPs paste and silver nanoparticles AgNPs with curcumin paste as intracanal medications versus calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 paste. Thirty extracted, human teeth with single roots were decoronated and mechanically prepared. After sterilization, roots were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 10 days. Roots were separated into three groups in accordance to kind of intracanal medications used; Group A, silver nanoparticles AgNPs (Nanogate company, Cairo, Egypt). Group B, silver nanoparticles AgNPs with curcumin (Nanogate company, Cairo, Egypt). Group C, calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 (Metapaste, META BIOMED). First microbiological samples (S1) were collected from the canal, before insertion of intracanal medication. Intracanal medications were kept in root canals in all groups for 7 days; then second microbiological samples (S2) were collected from the canals after medicament removal. After the colony forming units CFUs have been counted, the data were statistically analyzed.

Results
In the three tested groups, the highest bacterial count was found in (S1), while the least bacterial count was found in (S2) with statistical significant difference between them.

Conclusions
The effect of AgNPs paste and AgNPs with curcumin paste was superior to Ca(OH)2 paste. AgNPs with curcumin paste had the best antibacterial effect.
Productivity of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.) under new reclaimed soil conditions at north-western coast of Egypt
Authors: Wali Asal M. , Kenawey M. K. , Ibrahim O. M. , El Lateef E. M. Abd 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Introducing new crops to reduce the nutritional gap in Egypt is an important target. One of these crops is Quinoa which is characterized by high nutritional value with multiple food uses. However, it will compete with other winter crops, so it is candidate to grow in marginal lands like calcareous soils. Meanwhile, planting density and N requirements are not known under such conditions; therefore, this work was undertaken in calcareous soil Caco3 > 50%.

Methods
The experiments included three nitrogen fertilization treatments (0, 50 and 100 kg/fed.) and two plant densities (20,000 plants/fed. and 36,000 plants/fed.) on Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cv. Shibaya Field over two consecutive winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in calcareous soil. Quinoa seed yield, biological yield, straw yield, weight of 1000-seed, harvest index, total nitrogen percentage in seeds, crude protein content in seeds, phosphorus content in seeds and potassium percentage in seeds were determined. The experimental design was a split plot design with three replications.

Results
The results showed that applying nitrogen fertilization at a rate of 100 kg/fed. had significantly greater seed yield, biological yield, seed yield, straw yield and weight of 1000-seed. All seed chemical contents except K percentage were significantly affected due to nitrogen fertilization. Increasing plant density from 20,000 to 36,000 plants per feddan significantly increased the biological yield, seed yield, straw yield, weight of 1000-seed and harvest index. The interaction between the two studied factors was significant on all characters of this investigation except, K percentage in seeds.

Conclusion
It can be concluded from this study that the quinoa crop responds to the increase in nitrogen fertilization and increases productivity and quality when fertilized with a rate of 100 kg nitrogen per fed.
Quadriceps muscle volume has no effect on patellofemoral cartilage lesions in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Yoon Jung-Ro , Joo Hong Joon , Lee Seung Hoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The quadriceps muscle has a positive effect on anterior knee pain. However, its effect on the patellofemoral (PF) cartilage in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate whether the quadriceps muscle area had a positive effect on the PF cartilage and whether this muscle had a positive effect on the clinical scores.

Materials and methods
Patients with confirmed cartilage status and clinical scores who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included. The PF cartilage status was evaluated during TKA. The thickness and the area of the quadriceps muscle were measured using a knee computed tomography scan obtained before the surgery. The Q-angle, hip–knee–ankle angle, alignment, and Insall–Salvati ratio were measured by radiography.

Results
Altogether, 204 patients were included in the study. Logistic regression was performed including factors associated with PF cartilage lesions. The regression model was found to be statistically significant (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, χ2 = 0.493). A smaller hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angle was associated with a higher incidence of PF cartilage lesions (p = 0.033) and only the alignment had an effect on the PF cartilage lesions. PF cartilage lesions did not correlate with the clinical scores. A thicker medial portion of the quadriceps muscle was associated with a significantly higher Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS) (p = 0.028).

Conclusions
Quadriceps muscle thickness and area, Q-angle, and patellar height were not associated with PF cartilage lesions, while a smaller HKA angle was associated with PF cartilage lesions. The presence of PF cartilage lesions did not affect the clinical symptoms. However, a thicker medial portion of the quadriceps muscle was associated with a higher KSKS.
Pulmonary sequestration: a rare cause of false-positive uptake in Iodine-131 whole-body scan
Authors: Rohani Mohd Fazrin Mohd , Sohaimi Wan Fatihah Wan , Nawi Norazlina Mat , Sapiai Nur Asma , Daud Muhammad Azizul Mohd , Sohaimi Wan Hazirah Wan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
High-dose radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) is generally used post-total or subtotal thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. I-131 whole-body scan (WBS) is performed to localize I-131 accumulation in the body and for restaging after therapy. Nonetheless, there are numerous causes of false-positive uptake in I-131 WBS in the absence of residual thyroid tissue or thyroid cancer metastasis.

Case presentation
We present a case of 51-year-old lady with false-positive uptake in I-131 WBS mimicking lung metastasis. Patient underwent total thyroidectomy, and histopathological examination showed well-differentiated papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Diagnostic I-131 WBS followed by two subsequent high-dose radioiodine ablation showed persistent I-131 uptake in the left lower lung field. However, the serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is incessantly undetectable (< 0.04 μg/ml) with negative anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TgAb). Three serial CT scans over the course of treatment coupled with MRI of the thoracolumbar region revealed stable lung lesion in the posterior segment of left lower lobe which signifies pulmonary sequestration. Based on the clinical assessment, imaging findings and blood investigations, patient was no longer subjected to I-131 therapy and is maintained on TSH suppression with L-thyroxine. After due consideration of the pros and cons of surgical intervention, the patient opted against surgical removal of the pulmonary sequestration.

Conclusions
Meticulous assessment of patient with suspected disease recurrence or metastasis in thyroid carcinoma is essential to avoid unnecessary I-131 ablation or surgical intervention. In this case, the positive I-131 imaging is associated with undetectable serum Tg (with negative anti-TgAb). Albeit uncommon, pulmonary sequestration should be taken into consideration as one of the differentials in false-positive findings of an I-131 WBS.
Echocardiographic findings in patients with acute pulmonary embolism at Sohag University Hospitals
Authors: Eid Mohamed , Boghdady Ahmed Mohamed , Ahmed Mustafa Mohamed , Dahab Lotfy Hamed Abu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is one of the serious medical issues with higher prevalence and mortality rates. As mentioned in several medical reports, most of the chest pain patients, visiting the emergency departments, are usually diagnosed with either acute PTE, acute coronary syndromes, or acute aortic syndromes. The current study aimed to study the risk factors and explore the echocardiographic findings in patients with PTE.

Results
Forty patients with acute pulmonary embolism were enrolled in the study. Echocardiography and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were evaluated for all participants. The echocardiography showed that 29 patients (72.5%) had echocardiographic findings suggestive of acute PTE. Twenty-four patients (60%) had tricuspid regurge. Twenty-one patients (52.5%) had dilated right ventricle (RV). Also, 13 patients (32.5%) had an echocardiographic finding of pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, ten patients (25%) had McConnell’s sign, and 21 patients (52.5%) had RV systolic dysfunction where only two (5%) showed RV thrombosis. Echocardiographic data of the eight high-risk patients showed that 6 patients (75%) had TR, 8 patients (100%) had dilated RV, 5 patients (62.5%) had pulmonary hypertension, 8 patients (100%) had McConnell’s sign, one patient (12.5%) had RV thrombus, and 8 patients (100%) had RV systolic dysfunction.

Conclusion
The results revealed that thrombus in the main pulmonary trunk was a high-risk factor for patients with acute pulmonary embolism. The current study suggested that echocardiography is an important bedside imaging tool for the diagnosis of PTE. Echocardiography could detect the tricuspid regurge, pulmonary hypertension, McConnell’s sign, RV dilatation, thrombosis, and dysfunction. Furthermore, echocardiography was considered a non-invasive test for rapid diagnosis of PTE and determining the degree of the risk category (high- or low-risk patients) specially with the presence of McConnell’s sign, dilated RV, and RV systolic dysfunction.