bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral image reconstruction of optical coherence tomography using one‐dimensional deep deconvolution network
Authors: Lee Minsuk , Bang Hyeonjin , Lee Eungjang , Won Youngjae , Kim Kisub , Park Sungsoo , Yoo Hongki , Lee Seungrag 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a cross‐sectional imaging method utilizing a low coherence interferometry. The lateral resolution of the OCT is limited by the numerical aperture (NA) of the imaging lens. Using a high NA lens improves the lateral resolution but reduces the depth of focus (DOF). In this study, we propose a method to improve the lateral resolution of OCT images by end‐to‐end training of a deep 1‐D deconvolution network without use of high‐resolution images.Materials and MethodsTo improve the lateral resolution of the OCT, we trained the 1‐D deconvolution network using lateral profiles of OCT images and the beam spot size. We used our image‐guided laparoscopic surgical tool (IGLaST) to acquire OCT images of nonbiological and biological samples ex vivo. The OCT images were then blurred by applying Gaussian functions with various full width half maximums ranging from 40 to 160 µm. The network was trained using the blurred OCT images as input and the non‐blurred original OCT images as output. We quantitatively evaluated the developed network in terms of similarity and signal‐to‐ratio (SNR), using in‐vivo images of mesenteric tissue from a porcine model that was not used for training. In addition, we performed knife‐edge tests and qualitative evaluation of the network to show the lateral resolution improvement of ex‐vivo and in‐vivo OCT images.ResultsThe proposed method showed an improvement of image quality on both blurred images and non‐blurred images. When the proposed deconvolution network was applied, the similarity to the non‐blurred image was improved by 1.29 times, and the SNR was improved by 1.76 dB compared to the artificially blurred images, which was superior to the conventional deconvolution method. The knife‐edge tests at distances at 200 to 1000 µm from the imaging probe showed an approximately 1.2 times improvement in lateral resolution. In addition, through qualitative evaluation, it was found that the image quality of both ex‐vivo and in‐vivo tissue images was improved with clear structure and less noise.ConclusionsThis study showed the ability of the 1‐D deconvolution network to improve the image quality of OCT images with variable lateral resolution. We were able to train the network with a small amount of data by constraining the network in 1‐D. The quantitative evaluation showed better results than conventional deconvolution methods for various amount of blurring. Qualitative evaluation showed analogous results with quantitative results. This simple yet powerful image restoration method provides improved lateral resolution and suppresses background noise, making it applicable to a variety of OCT imaging applications.
RDRP (Meth)acrylic Homo and Block Polymers from Lignocellulosic Sugar Derivatives
Authors: Palà Marc , Woods Sarah E. , Hatton Fiona L. , Lligadas Gerard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCurrently, most commodity chemicals and polymers are manufactured from nonrenewable petroleum‐based resources. However, due to its finite nature and social claims about environment preservation, alternative sources of value‐added and building block chemicals are being intensively studied. Renewable lignocellulosic biomass has offered an attractive replacement for fossil‐based chemicals. Lignin and C5/C6 sugars obtained from lignocellulosic biomass through chemical and enzymatic methods can be further transformed to targeted chemical platforms. In the present review, synthetic pathways for well‐defined poly(meth)acrylates obtained from C5/C6 sugar‐derived platforms in which the sugar structure is not retained are discussed. While bio‐based polymers from these monomers are investigated using a wide range of polymerization techniques, this study focuses on precise synthesis of macromolecular structures taking advantage of reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization methods and their applications.
The Preparation of Biomineralized PIC/HA Hybrid Composites with Strain‐Stiffening and the Effect on MC3T3‐E1 Cells
Authors: Cao Zhanshuo , Yuan Hongbo , Li Ning , Liu Xiaoning , Qu Xiongwei , Xing Chengfen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) with fibrous structure and complex nonlinear mechanics has been attracting intensive attention over the past decades both in material science and tissue engineering. Polyisocyanopeptide (PIC) hydrogels are a class of fully synthetic materials that can mimic biogels, such as fibrin and collagen, in nearly all aspects, particularly the micron‐sized gel network and the strong strain‐stiffening behavior in the biological regime. Here, a biomimetic PIC/hydroxyapatite (HA) hybrid composite through an enzymatic biomineralization strategy is constructed. HA biominerals grew on PIC bundles in situ catalyzed by the embedded alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which further crosslinked the gel networks and reinforced the mechanical property of PIC hydrogels. Significantly, PIC/HA composites exhibited ultra‐responsive nonlinear mechanics with higher sensitivity to mechanical stress compared with those without biomineralization. As a consequence, the presence of HA can provide cell adhesion sites for PIC gels and induce osteogenic differentiation of pre‐osteoblasts by virtue of the changes in mechanical properties. With these outstanding properties, therefore, PIC/HA composites present promising prospects in bone tissue engineering as biomimetic ECM.
A roadmap to clinical trials for FLASH
Authors: Taylor Paige A. , Moran Jean M. , Jaffray David A. , Buchsbaum Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile FLASH radiation therapy is inspiring enthusiasm to transform the field, it is neither new nor well understood with respect to the radiobiological mechanisms. As FLASH clinical trials are designed, it will be important to ensure we can deliver dose consistently and safely to every patient. Much like hyperthermia and proton therapy, FLASH is a promising new technology that will be complex to implement in the clinic and similarly will require customized credentialing for multi‐institutional clinical trials. There is no doubt that FLASH seems promising, but many technologies that we take for granted in conventional radiation oncology, such as rigorous dosimetry, 3D treatment planning, volumetric image guidance, or motion management, may play a major role in defining how to use, or whether to use, FLASH radiotherapy. Given the extended time frame for patients to experience late effects, we recommend moving deliberately but cautiously forward toward clinical trials. In this paper, we review the state of quality assurance and safety systems in FLASH, identify critical pre‐clinical data points that need to be defined, and suggest how lessons learned from previous technological advancements will help us close the gaps and build a successful path to evidence‐driven FLASH implementation.
Conformance of a 3T radiotherapy MRI scanner to the QIBA Diffusion Profile
Authors: Carr Madeline E. , Keenan Kathryn E. , Rai Robba , Boss Michael A. , Metcalfe Peter , Walker Amy , Holloway Lois 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the technical performance of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on a dedicated 3T radiotherapy scanner, using a standardized phantom and sequences. Investigations into factors that could impact the technical performance of ADC in the clinic were also completed, including changing the slice‐encoded imaging direction and the reference sample ADC value.MethodsADC acquisitions were performed monthly on an isotropic diffusion phantom over 1 year. Measurements of ADC %bias, coefficients of variation for short‐/long‐term repeatability and precision (CVST/CVLT and CVP), and b‐value dependency (Depb) were calculated. The measurements were then assessed according to the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) Diffusion Profile specifications.ResultsThe average of all measurements over the year was within Profile recommended ranges. This included when testing was performed in different imaging directions, and on samples that had different ADC reference values (0.4–1.1 μm2/ms). Results in the axial plane for the central water vial included a bias of +0.05%, CVST /CVLT/CVP = 0.1%/ 0.9%/0.4% and Depb = 0.4%.ConclusionsThe technical performance of ADC on a radiotherapy dedicated MRI scanner over the course of 12 months was considered conformant to the QIBA Profile. Quantifying these metrics and factors that may affect the performance is essential in progressing the use of ADC clinically: ensuring that the observed change of ADC in a tissue is due to a physiological response and not measurement variability.
Constrained data smoothing via optimal control
Authors: Dontchev Assen L. , Kolmanovsky Ilya V. , Tran Trung B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe article considers a problem of best smoothing in a strip, where the objective is to find a function that satisfies bilateral constraints on its values, for all and minimizes a weighted sum of the ‐norm of the second derivative and squared deviations from specified values, , at discrete points . We assume that constraints and are continuous functions that are linear in each interval , . We connect this problem to a state‐constrained optimal control problem for the double integrator, and give conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution under which we also show that the solution is a cubic spline with knots at and no more than two additional knots in each interval . We propose a numerical algorithm for solving this problem based on a two stage minimization, where the outer loop optimization problem is finite‐dimensional and convex, while the inner loop optimization problem admits a solution which is easy to compute. Numerical results that show the efficacy of the proposed approach are reported.
Computationally assisted design and prediction of remarkably boosted NLO response of organoimido‐substituted hexamolybdates
Authors: Haroon Muhammad , Janjua Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, nonlinear optical (NLO) molecular material networks/frameworks have shown attractive application prospects in modern laser technology, data storage components, optical communication, and digital processing. Finding new and novel materials with excellent nonlinear optical properties has become an attractive research topic in the field of nonlinear optics. Herein, DFT calculations have been performed on hybrid organic‐inorganic composite push‐pull systems based on polyoxometalates (POMs). Systems (DPA1‐DPA4) are theoretically analyzed to study the second‐order NLO response and have been compared with reference compound. The effect of four substituent groups on NLO properties has been investigated. Based on optimized geometric configurations, dipole polarizability(α), first‐order hyperpolarization(β), transition energy (E), oscillation frequency (ƒ), and HOM0 (highest occupied molecular orbital)‐LUM0 (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) analysis have been performed. All the studied systems possess significantly large second‐order polarizability and proven to be excellent nonlinear optical hybrid composite materials. The asymmetric polarization of charges caused by D‐π‐A combination in our studied systems is accountable for the improvement of nonlinear optical activity of these push‐pull compounds. POM cluster/cage is behaving as an electron donor, whereas charge transfer has been observed in the direction of chain length. On the bases of the electron donor and electron acceptor ability of these substituent groups, substantial influence on NLO response and charge transfer characteristics has been identified. Our studied systems are efficient NLO materials and will be helpful for the synthetic chemists to produce effective hybrid composites.
Augmented reality for oral and maxillofacial surgery: The feasibility of a marker‐free registration method
Authors: Shi Jiafeng , Liu Shaofeng , Zhu Zhaoju , Deng Zhen , Bian Guibin , He Bingwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecognition of markers in the augmented reality system can reduce the additional cost of a guide plate required for the removal of benign tumours in oral and maxillofacial surgery, but the use of markers often has complex problems.MethodIn order to avoid the complex problem of using markers, an augmented reality system based on a marker‐free registration method was proposed to track the contour of the mandible edge. Use the computer to perform preoperative planning on the jaw model, select and mark the path of maxillofacial lesion resection.ResultsThis method has an error of the surface matching was mm, and an error of the surgical resection was mm.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the system can accurately enhance the display of the surgical path and provide guidance for the tradition of maxillofacial surgery.
Pseudobullous Pilomatricoma: A Rare Variant of Pilomatricoma
Authors: Lee Tung-Chun , Liu Yan , Zhang Ya-Mei , Huang Yike , Wang Zhi-Yan , Lu Gui-Qing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pilomatricoma (PM; calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe) is an uncommon adnexal tumour originating from the matrix of the hair follicles. Bullous appearance is a rare variant of PM, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we present a case of a 17-year-old girl with a pseudobullous PM on the right shoulder. Lymphatic dilatation and collagen disorder were histopathologically observed in this case, which may provide clues to elucidate the pathogenesis of pseudobullous PM.
Birds of a feather flock (even more) together: An intergroup relations perspective on how #MeToo‐related media coverage affects the evaluation of prospective corporate directors
Authors: Bednar Michael K. , Westphal James D. , McDonald Michael L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines how incumbent director reactions to media coverage of the #MeToo movement have impacted the evaluation of prospective corporate directors. We argue that heightened intergroup anxiety related to male–female interactions leads incumbents to seize on social attributes that bolster category‐based trust in the reliability of prospective directors' interpersonal behavior. We predict that in response to #MeToo coverage, incumbents evaluate board candidates more positively when they share demographic characteristics or have prior social connections, and these effects are strengthened when incumbents socially identify with the firm. Empirical analyses using a longitudinal survey of evaluations of director candidates support these predictions. Our findings suggest how social movements can produce unintended consequences by inadvertently triggering psychological processes that partially offset the anticipated benefits of the movement.Managerial SummaryIncreased coverage of #MeToo has heightened concerns among board members about male–female interactions on the board. Our study finds that as #MeToo coverage increases, incumbent directors evaluate potential board candidates more positively to the extent that they share demographic characteristics, including gender, race, functional background, education and age, or when they are connected through the social network of board appointments. These effects are especially pronounced for incumbents who psychologically identify with the firm, meaning that their self‐concept is aligned with features of the organization. Our study suggests how psychological reactions of corporate directors to #MeToo may inadvertently reduce board diversity and overall board effectiveness, and we call for research‐based interventions to correct this unfortunate side effect of a critically important social justice movement.
Novel ranking framework for retrospective simultaneous assessment of fire and mechanical performances of natural fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites: Literature update from the previous decade
Authors: Teles Fernando , Antunes Filipe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of natural fiber (NF)‐reinforced polymeric composites (NFRCs) has made great progress in the last decade due to the low cost, wide availability, and environmental friendliness of NFs. They can compete with synthetic fiber (SF) reinforcements regarding some relevant functional properties for engineering applications, such as fireproofing. However, they usually require additional fire protection treatments or additives to meet the stringent criteria of the industry, frequently at the expense of downgrading the mechanical properties. In this paper, we review the main aspects of fire retardancy of NFs, polymers and composites and establish a novel conceptual framework for comprehensive and simultaneous evaluation of the fire performance and mechanical properties of NFRCs, which was retrospectively applied to some literature published during 2010–2019. Our sequential approach essentially confirmed some well‐established fundamental aspects of the mechanical and fire behaviors of NFRCs and, more generally, establishes a new paradigm for their quantitative analysis.
A detailed study of the stability of vortons
Authors: Battye Richard A. , Cotterill Steven J. , Pearson Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We construct and simulate the dynamics of gauged vortons — circular loops of cosmic string supported by the angular momentum of trapped charge and current and provide additional details on the fully stable vorton that we have previously presented. We find that their existence and dynamical properties can be accurately predicted by an analysis based on infinite, straight superconducting strings if an additional constraint on their phase frequency is satisfied. We show a good quantitative agreement with the thin string approximation (TSA) and provide evidence that curvature corrections are inversely proportional to the vorton radius. This is verified with an energy minimisation algorithm that produces vorton solutions and subsequent axial and full three dimensional evolution codes. We find that we can predict the frequencies of each mode of oscillation, determine which modes are unstable and calculate the growth rate of the unstable modes to a high degree of accuracy.
Inhibition of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Han Jinming , Chitu Violeta , Stanley E. Richard , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Karrenbauer Virginija Danylaité , Harris Robert A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroglia are specialized dynamic immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that plays a crucial role in brain homeostasis and in disease states. Persistent neuroinflammation is considered a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Colony stimulating factor 1-receptor (CSF-1R) is predominantly expressed on microglia and its expression is significantly increased in neurodegenerative diseases. Cumulative findings have indicated that CSF-1R inhibitors can have beneficial effects in preclinical neurodegenerative disease models. Research using CSF-1R inhibitors has now been extended into non-human primates and humans. This review article summarizes the most recent advances using CSF-1R inhibitors in different neurodegenerative conditions including AD, PD, HD, ALS and MS. Potential challenges for translating these findings into clinical practice are presented.
Suspension spectra of matrix algebras, the rank filtration, and rational noncommutative CW-spectra
Authors: Arone Gregory , Barnea Ilan , Schlank Tomer M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn a companion paper (Arone et al. in Noncommutative CW-spectra as enriched presheaves on matrix algebras, arXiv:2101.09775, 2021) we introduced the stable $$\infty $$
∞
-category of noncommutative CW-spectra, which we denoted $$\mathtt {NSp}$$
NSp
. Let $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
denote the full spectrally enriched subcategory of $$\mathtt {NSp}$$
NSp
whose objects are the non-commutative suspension spectra of matrix algebras. In Arone et al. (2021) we proved that $$\mathtt {NSp}$$
NSp
is equivalent to the $$\infty $$
∞
-category of spectral presheaves on $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
. In this paper we investigate the structure of $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
, and derive some consequences regarding the structure of $$\mathtt {NSp}$$
NSp
. To begin with, we introduce a rank filtration of $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
. We show that the mapping spectra of $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
map naturally to the connective K-theory spectrum ku, and that the rank filtration of $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
is a lift of the classical rank filtration of ku. We describe the subquotients of the rank filtration in terms of spaces of direct-sum decompositions which also arose in the study of K-theory and of Weiss’s orthogonal calculus. We prove that the rank filtration stabilizes rationally after the first stage. Using this we give an explicit model of the rationalization of $$\mathtt {NSp}$$
NSp
as presheaves of rational spectra on the category of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and unitary transformations up to scaling. Our results also have consequences for the p-localization and the chromatic localization of $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
.
Esophagectomy for End‐Stage Achalasia
Authors: Waters John , Martin Linda W. , Molena Daniela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEsophagectomy for achalasia is reserved for patients with end‐stage disease for whom prior treatment has failed. Esophagectomy can be performed safely through a variety of techniques. Conduit options include stomach, colon, and small intestine. There are many potential complications following esophagectomy. Outcomes of esophagectomy for achalasia are good when performed in experienced surgical centers.