bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Phosphorescent Switch of Diarylethene Phenylpyridinium Derivative and Cucurbit[8]uril for Cell Imaging
Authors: Wang Conghui , Liu Yao‐Hua , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) pure organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have received growing research interest due to their wide application in the fields of high‐resolution bioimaging and luminescent materials. In this work, the authors report a macrocycle‐confined pure organic RTP supramolecular assembly, which is constructed by diarylethene phenylpyridinium derivative (DTE‐TP) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). Compared with CB[6] and CB[7], the larger cavity of CB[8] induces molecular folding and enhances the intramolecular charge transfer interactions, which leads to the obtained assembly emitting efficient NIR phosphorescence at 700 nm. Due to the photochromism of the diarylethene core, the NIR phosphorescence is reversibly regulated by light irradiation at wavelengths of 365 and >600 nm. Furthermore, cell‐based experiments show that this supramolecular assembly is located in the lysosomes and displays a NIR phosphorescence at 650–750 nm. In addition, by means of phosphorescence resonance energy transfer, the obtained assembly exhibits a red‐shifted NIR emission at 817 nm. This supramolecular phosphorescent switch provides a convenient path for the modular design of water‐soluble pure organic room‐temperature NIR phosphorescent materials.
An Assessment of MXenes through Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Sahare Sanjay , Ghoderao Prachi , Yin Peng , Saleemi Awais Siddique , Lee Shern‐Long , Chan Yue , Zhang Han 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, exploring the unique properties of 2D materials has constituted a new wave of research, which lead these materials to enormous applications ranging from optoelectronics to healthcare systems. Due to the profusion of surface terminated functionalities, MXenes have become an emerging class of 2D materials that can be easily integrated with other materials. The versatility of MXenes allows to tune their finest material properties for further device applications. This review initiates with the classification of preparation methods of MXenes, where the authors elaborate on the significance of top‐down approaches including the exfoliation of solid layers. Next, the focus is diverted toward the materials analysis of MXenes including their terminations analysis as well as their intriguing electrical and mechanical behaviors through scanning probe microscopy. Finally, critical challenges and perspectives for MXenes analysis and applications are explored and discussed. Therefore, this comprehensive review can encourage researchers, and offer a precise direction to employ MXenes in various applications.
Superior Adhesion of a Multifunctional Protein‐Based Micropatch to Intestinal Tissue by Harnessing the Hydrophobic Effect
Authors: Yamazoe Hironori , Kominami Chizuko , Abe Hiroko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDrug delivery systems comprising drug carriers capable of adhering to intestinal tissue have considerable potential to realize more sophisticated systemic drug delivery and topical drug treatments in the intestinal tract. The development of innovative strategies for improving the adhesion efficiency of carriers is of high importance for the advancement of this field. Herein, a novel approach to achieving high adhesion efficiency of drug carriers is presented, where the accessibility of the carrier to the intestinal surface and its subsequent adhesion to the intestinal tissue are promoted by utilizing the thermodynamic tendency of the hydrophobic carrier and its dispersion solvent, triacetin, to be excluded from the aqueous environment. Drug carriers are fabricated using proteins, imparting multiple functions, including drug release and the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of ex vivo studies indicate that this multifunctional protein‐based carrier, “protein micropatch,” adheres to various mouse intestinal tissues, including the small intestine, colon, and inflamed colon, with high efficiency. Furthermore, protein micropatches, administered to mice via oral or rectal routes, successfully adhere to the intestinal tract. This approach and the highly functionalized carrier described in the study have the potential to significantly contribute to the development of bioadhesive carrier‐based drug delivery systems.
Size‐Controllable Eu‐MOFs through Machine Learning Technology: Application for High Sensitive Ions and Small‐Molecular Identification
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liang Hanwei , Tao Yangtianze , Yang Jianxin , Tang Bin , Li Rui , Ma Yun , Ji linhong , Jiang Xuan , Li Shuangshou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) activities exhibit potential applications in the fields of energy and biomedical technology. However, the controllable synthesis of MOFs in the varied particle sizes not only affects their AIE activities, but also restricts their application scenarios. In this work, the varied particle sizes of Eu‐MOFs are synthesized by adjusting the synthesis process parameters, and their variation rules combining the single factor analysis method with machine learning technology are studied. Based on the R2 score, the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) regression model (0.9535) is employed to calculate the weight and correlation between different synthesis process parameters and it is shown that all these parameters have synergic effects on the particle sizes of Eu‐MOFs, and the Eu‐precursors concentration dominates in their synthesis process. Furthermore, it is indicated that the large size of Eu‐MOFs and strong structural stability contribute to their high AIE activities. Finally, a screen‐printed pattern is fabricated using the sample of “120–0.3–6,” and this pattern exhibits a bright red fluorescence under the UV light. More importantly, this kind of Eu‐MOFs can also be used to identify varied ions (Fe3+, F–, I–, SO42–, CO32–, and PO43–) and citric acid.
Carbon Dots‐Regulated Pomegranate‐Like Metal Oxide Composites: From Growth Mechanism to Lithium Storage
Authors: Ye Yu , Wang Haoji , Liu Huaxin , Xiang Yinger , Liu Lu , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Liu Youcai , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are considered as excellent structural regulator for metal oxides (MOs) due to their abundant functional groups, superior dispersibility, and ultrasmall size (<10 nm). Herein, a new approach is proposed to construct porous pomegranate‐like MOs/CDs composite based on the CDs‐induced in situ growth mechanism of ion adsorption–multipoint surface nucleation–crosslinking agglomeration. The proposed methodology is successfully applied to prepare SnO2/CDs, Cu2O/CDs, and Fe2O3/CDs composites, respectively, demonstrating its universality to metal oxides. Taking SnO2/CDs composite as a case study for anode material in lithium‐ion batteries, it exhibits high lithium storage capacity, excellent cycling stability, and a special feature of capacity increase upon cycling. This study provides a new idea for the design of metal oxides materials tuned by CDs and broadens the application of CDs in the field of material synthesis.
Breaking with the Principles of Coreduction to Form Stoichiometric Intermetallic PdCu Nanoparticles
Authors: Mathiesen Jette K. , Bøjesen Espen D. , Pedersen Jack K. , Kjær Emil T. S. , Juelsholt Mikkel , Cooper Susan , Quinson Jonathan , Anker Andy S. , Cutts Geoff , Keeble Dean S. , Thomsen Maria S. , Rossmeisl Jan , Jensen Kirsten M. Ø. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntermetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have shown enhanced catalytic properties as compared to their disordered alloy counterparts. To advance their use in green energy, it is crucial to understand what controls the formation of intermetallic NPs over alloy structures. By carefully selecting the additives used in NP synthesis, it is here shown that monodisperse, intermetallic PdCu NPs can be synthesized in a controllable manner. Introducing the additives iron(III) chloride and ascorbic acid, both morphological and structural control can be achieved. Combined, these additives provide a synergetic effect resulting in precursor reduction and defect‐free growth; ultimately leading to monodisperse, single‐crystalline, intermetallic PdCu NPs. Using in situ X‐ray total scattering, a hitherto unknown transformation pathway is reported that diverges from the commonly reported coreduction disorder–order transformation. A Cu‐rich structure initially forms, which upon the incorporation of Pd(0) and atomic ordering forms intermetallic PdCu NPs. These findings underpin that formation of stoichiometric intermetallic NPs is not limited by standard reduction potential matching and coreduction mechanisms, but is instead driven by changes in the local chemistry. Ultimately, using the local chemistry as a handle to tune the NP structure might open new opportunities to expand the library of intermetallic NPs by exploiting synthesis by design.
Functions of potassium channels blocked by low micromolar 4‐aminopyridine in the crayfish nervous system
Authors: Goldfeder Nicole , McDonald Riley , Gaston Sarah , Harrison Amarri , Kim Dong‐Ho , MacIntosh Clara , Miranda Mauricio Moel , Odom Emma , Nishad Simmi , Siwik William , Zhang Liangzhu , Lin Jen‐Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) is a potassium channel blocker that has been used to treat patients with multiple sclerosis and Lambert–Eaton disease. The concentration of this drug in the blood of patients was estimated to be in low or submicromolar range. Animal studies have shown that 4‐AP at such low concentration selectively blocks a subset of channels in Kv1 or Kv3 families. The crayfish opener neuromuscular junction and ventral superficial flexor (VSF) preparations were used to examine functions of K+ channels blocked by low concentrations of 4‐AP. At opener motor axons, intracellular recordings show that 4‐AP could increase action potential (AP) amplitude, duration, and after‐depolarization (ADP) at 10 μM. As 4‐AP concentration was increased, in twofold steps, AP amplitude did not increase further up to 5 mM. AP duration and ADP increased significantly mainly in two concentration ranges, 10–50 μM and 1–5 mM. The effects of 50 μM 4‐AP on the VSF were less consistent than that observed at the opener motor axons. 4‐AP did not change AP amplitude of motor axons recorded with an extracellular electrode and change in AP repolarizing potential was observed in ∼25% of the axons. EPSP recorded simultaneously with AP showed an increase in amplitude with 4‐AP treatment only in 30% of the axon‐EPSP pairs. 4‐AP also increased firing frequencies of ∼50% of axons. In four animals, 4‐AP “awakened” the firing of APs from an axon that was silent before the drug. The mixture of positive and negative 4‐AP effects summarized above was observed in the same VSF preparations in all cases (n = 8). We propose that there is a significant diversity in the density 4‐AP‐sensitive potassium channels among motor axons of the VSF. Functional significance in the differences of 4‐AP sensitivity of the two motor systems is discussed.
Use of Blumensaat's line for assessment of cranial tibial subluxation in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency
Authors: Prior Sebastian , Silveira Francisco , Pappa Lida , López Pablo Pérez , Quinn Robert , Barnes Darren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether Blumensaat's line, a consistently present radiographic feature delineating the peak of the femoral intercondylar fossa, could be used to assess for cranial tibial subluxation in canine stifles with cranial cruciate ligament disease.MethodsThirty sequential, neutrally positioned, standing‐angle stifle radiographs were taken from dogs presenting to a specialist referral centre for treatment of cruciate ligament disease. Thirty similarly positioned radiographs of healthy canine stifles were used as a control group. The radiographs were anonymised and submitted to blinded observers for measurement of the tibial plateau angle, patella tendon angle, Blumensaat's line length and the length of Blumensaat's line cranial to the tibial mechanical axis.ResultsFinding that the tibial mechanical axis intersects Blumensaat's line cranial to its midpoint, as a marker of cranial tibial subluxation, had a positive predictive value of 76% for subsequent surgical identification of cruciate ligament disease.ConclusionsTibial cranial subluxation is detectable and quantifiable radiographically using the intersection of the tibial mechanical axis and Blumensaat's line. Once quantified, this measurement could be used both as a radiographic marker of cruciate ligament disease and to adjust tibial osteotomy procedures to minimise the risk of under advancement of the tibial tuberosity resulting in a persistently unstable stifle.
Diagnostic imaging appearance of canine gastric leiomyomas: Four cases
Authors: Segarra Amaya , Herrtage Michael E. , Salgüero Raquel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGastric leiomyoma (GL) is an uncommon benign neoplasm found in older dogs and generally identified as an incidental finding. The purpose of this paper is to describe the imaging appearance of GL in different diagnostic imaging modalities (radiography [XR], ultrasonography [US] and computed tomography [CT]). All three modalities revealed a mass arising within the gastric wall, radiopaque on XR, hypoechoic on US and isoattenuating on CT, with intralesional radiopaque/hyperechoic/hyperattenuating foci, respectively. US and CT are sensitive and proved very useful in the diagnosis of this type of neoplasia, identifying the location, extent and appearance of the mass before a surgical treatment. GL should be considered as a possible diagnosis in the presence of dystrophic mineralisation within a gastric mass.
Financial profitability and value chain analysis of pineapple in Tangail, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md. Taj , Roy Suvojit Suvagata , Dhar Aurup Ratan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study was undertaken to estimate the financial profitability and assess the value chain of pineapple in Madhupur upazila of Tangail, Bangladesh. A total of 100 stakeholders were interviewed randomly using a structured questionnaire to collect primary data. A combination of descriptive, mathematical, and statistical techniques was used to analyze the data. The study depicts that 76.7% farmers used Giant Kew variety for pineapple production. Profitability analysis shows that pineapple production was profitable in the study area. The study reveals that the total value added by the stakeholders to a piece of pineapple was Tk. 38. Among the market actors, wholesalers added the highest value of Tk. 13 per piece (34.2% of total value addition). The study also identified six significant factors, namely, income, farming experience, credit access, market price, labor availability, and lower production of paddy having positive influence on farmers' decision to adopt pineapple production. The study found higher price of inputs, lack of preservation and processing facilities, and lack of operating capital as the major problems for production, value addition, and marketing of pineapple, respectively. The study recommended to ensure reasonable price of the inputs along with better infrastructure, transportation, and processing facilities to overcome the problems. Furthermore, monitoring facilities of government and non‐government organizations should be increased to improve quality of pineapple.
Introduction
Authors: Wennberg Karl , Sandström Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWestern economies are struggling to recover from a decade of Plagued by structural crises, an ongoing pandemic, high unemployment and sluggish growth. As progressively looser monetary and fiscal policies have not helped, both the EU and national governments have increasingly turned towards interventionist industrial policies. Mariana Mazzucato’s The Entrepreneurial State (2011) provided an intellectual justification for these efforts, and consequently gained popularity. The message was clear: in order to get more innovation, entrepreneurship, sustainable development and growth we need more government, not less. In this book, 30 international scholars address the core ideas underpinning the entrepreneurial state. We provide evidence of both historical and recent failures of “green deals” and similar efforts, while also developing novel directions for innovation policy. In many regards, this book is a warning: huge government schemes towards specific, noble outcomes have historically been plagued with failures. In sum, we argue that innovation policy needs to be inverted: instead of being specific and targeted, it needs to be broad and general, focusing on the general conditions for firms to operate. Instead of providing targeted support to certain firms, industries or even technologies, innovation policy needs to constructively deal with barriers to innovation, including the proactive handling of vested interest groups.
Less from More: China Built Wind Power, but Gained Little Electricity
Authors: Grafström Jonas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter investigates Chinese wind power development and concludes that innovation cannot be pushed by the efforts of many, and that when the state clarifies directions and objectives, these can be achieved but with severe and unexpected side effects. Two topics are explored: wind curtailment and low technological development, both examples of unproductive entrepreneurship induced by government policies. The goal of wind power capacity expansion leads to construction (i.e., generation capacity) but little electricity. Examples of failures include low grid connectivity with, some years averaging 15% of generation capacity broken or unconnected to the grid. A key lesson for Europe is that forced innovation often amounts to little and that the old saying holds up: “no plan survives contact with reality.”
Directionality in Innovation Policy and the Ongoing Failure of Green Deals: Evidence from Biogas, Bio-ethanol, and Fossil-Free Steel
Authors: Sandström Christian , Alm Carl 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnvironmental policy is no longer only about imposing regulations on industry. It is increasingly regarded as industrial policy. Both the European Union and national governments are taking more active roles in initiating green deals and various technologies aiming at sustainable development. In this chapter, we describe and discuss some recent experiences of green innovation policies. Historical examples concerning efforts in both biogas and ethanol are combined with a more contemporary description of fossil-free steel, i.e., steel made using hydrogen instead of coal. We argue that the presence of large public funds from different funding bodies such as the European Union, various government agencies, and municipalities has distorted incentives, making it rational for firms to pursue technologies without long-term potential. The result has been an absence of sustainable development, mounting debt, and financial problems for the actors involved. We explain these results and draw policy conclusions concerning the risks related to green deals. Relatedly, we argue that the European Union’s current efforts in hydrogen gas face similar challenges.
Policy Instruments for High-Growth Enterprises
Authors: Coad Alex , Harasztosi Péter , Pál Rozália , Teruel Mercedes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh-Growth Enterprises (HGEs) have received growing interest from entrepreneurship scholars, the business press, and of course policymakers. HGEs can potentially make large contributions to economic growth, which has led to various policy initiatives. This chapter discusses the main topics surrounding policy interventions for HGEs, including a discussion of the various rationales for policy interventions. We next discuss the many areas that relate to possible HGE policy instruments. We then evaluate some previous HGE policy instruments, discuss some that have been successful, and possible areas for improvement. Our main policy suggestions are critical listening to stakeholders by policymakers, identifying the decision points (e.g., growth trigger points) to leverage the impact of growth stimuli, designing incentives in the spirit of up or out dynamics, and enhancing the coordination of HGE policies.
Public-Steering and Private-Performing Sectors: Success and Failures in the Swedish Finance, Telecoms, and City Planning Sectors
Authors: Eriksson Klas A. M. , Nykvist Rasmus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMariana Mazzucato embraces state-directed public/private investment in innovation to achieve goals that society as a whole would benefit from. The idea is that the state shoulddirectand the private sphereperformthe innovation needed. We argue that this view is biased toward successful examples of innovation created by public sector steering and the private sector performing. Generally, vested interests are created by these kinds of public-steering–private-performing innovations, which hinder or malinvest resources through their interests or information problems when market forces are put out of play. We present examples that explore the process of twosuccessfulderegulation cases and onefailedcase to highlight differences in the processes leading to the different outcomes; the most important being the existence of institutional entrepreneurs acting as typical change agents in the successful cases and the lack thereof in the failed example. These cases highlight the importance of both passive incumbents and proactive entrants for enabling institutional change. We contrast these examples with the public-steering and private-performing framework.
Collaborative Innovation Blocs and Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy: An Ecosystem Perspective
Authors: Elert Niklas , Henrekson Magnus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmong contemporary economists, Mariana Mazzucato stands out for her emphasis on the importance of innovation to solving pressing challenges and achieve a greater quality of life. However, the type of mission-oriented innovation policies she promotes usually rely on an overly mechanical view of innovation and economic growth. We employ an ecosystem perspective to demonstrate that innovative entrepreneurship takes place in a collaborative innovation bloc consisting of a myriad of nodes. Entrepreneurs, inventors, early- and later-stage financiers, key personnel, and customers are all actors whose skills and abilities are necessary to realize an entrepreneurial project. When mission-oriented policies play a large role in an industry’s production or financing, connections between actors in the innovation bloc risk being severed, severely curtailing the scope for actors to play their requisite roles. Thus, there is a risk that such policies do more harm than good for innovation and economic growth.
The Entrepreneurial State and the Platform Economy
Authors: Davidson Sinclair , Potts Jason 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe critique the view of the platform economy as implying a necessary regulation of big tech in the form outlined in “the entrepreneurial state.” The basis for this view is a combination of fallacy, error, and political choice. The combinations of these factors drive toward a conclusion that the platform economy adds little or no value to the economy and subsequently should be heavily regulated, and moreover, regulated in an internationally coordinated manner. We instead argue that the rise of large platform firms is exactly what we expect to observe in the transition from an industrial to a digital economy.