bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image quality evaluation of real low-dose breast PET
Authors: Satoh Yoko , Imai Masamichi , Ikegawa Chihiro , Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical feasibility of high-resolution dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET) with real low-dose 18F-2-fluorodeoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) by comparing images acquired with full-dose FDG.

Materials and methods
Nine women with no history of breast cancer and previously scanned by dbPET injected with a clinical 18F-FDG dose (3 MBq/kg) were enrolled. They were injected with 50% of the clinical 18F-FDG dose and scanned with dbPET for 10 min for each breast 60 and 90 min after injection. To investigate the effect of the scan start time and acquisition time on image quality, list-mode data were divided into 1, 3, 5, and 7 min (and 10 min with 50% FDG injected) from the start of acquisition and reconstructed. The reconstructed images were visually and quantitatively compared for contrast between mammary gland and fat (contrast) and for coefficient of variation (CV) in the mammary gland.

Results
In visual evaluation, the contrast between the mammary gland and fat acquired at a 50% dose for 7 min was comparable and even better in smoothness than that in the images acquired at a 100% dose. No visual difference between the images with a 50% dose was found with scan start times 60 and 90 min after injection. Quantitative evaluation showed a slightly lower contrast in the image at 60 min after 50% dosing, with no difference between acquisition times. There was no difference in CV between conditions; however, smoothness decreased with shorter acquisition time in all conditions.

Conclusions
The quality of dbPET images with a 50% FDG dose was high enough for clinical application. Although the optimal scan start time for improved lesion-to-background mammary gland contrast remained unknown in this study, it will be clarified in future studies of breast cancer patients.
Assessing the impact of climate change on the Medjerda River Basin
Authors: Rajosoa Andrianirina Sedera , Abdelbaki Chérifa , Mourad Khaldoon A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Assessing the availability of water resources in the changing climate is needed to meet current and future water needs. This paper assesses the impact of climate change on the water resources of the Medjerda River Basin (MRB) (shared between Tunisia and Algeria) using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model under two climatic scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways: RCP 2.6 and RCP 6.0. The results showed that water demands will increase from 218 Mm3 in 2020 to 395 Mm3 in 2050, which means that water supply will be insufficient to meet water needs, especially during the prolonged periods of drought. In addition, water shortage in MRB increases three times compared with the reference scenario, which means that all vital sectors in MRB will be affected by climate change. Moreover, groundwater storage will be affected in diffrent areas, especially between 2045 and 2050. Therefore, national and regional stakeholder involvement is needed to build an integrated water resource management strategy, by which water resource allocation and adaptation plans can be addressed and assessed in each sector by experts to achieve sustainability.
Exploration of the effect of wing component post-buckling on bending-twist coupling for nonlinear wing twist
Authors: Hahn Daniel , Haupt Matthias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new investigated concept for passive load alleviation is to exploit the nonlinear behavior of wing design components to trigger a deformation which reduce loads once a critical load level is reached. The necessary deformation is a torsional rotation which is supposed to reduce the angle of attack. For this target, wingbox sections are investigated regarding their nonlinear behavior with finite element analysis. Parameter studies feature anisotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) layups for the skins, layups and thicknesses for spars and the presence of stringers. Results show a desired nonlinear progressive bending-torsion coupling for an unstiffened wingbox section, when the upper skin and the rear spar are modified. After modification they are allowed to buckle within the load envelope. The skin has an anisotropic layup. The rear spar needs to be thinner than the front spar. Both modifications result in progressively increasing torsional rotation of the wingbox with increasing load. Stringers are not applied because they limit the nonlinearity which is not desired for the envisioned load alleviation technique.
Pyrochlore-based high-entropy ceramics for capacitive energy storage
Authors: Chen Yiying , Qi Junlei , Zhang Minhao , Luo Zixi , Lin Yuan-Hua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh-performance dielectrics are widely used in high-power systems, electric vehicles, and aerospace, as key materials for capacitor devices. Such application scenarios under these extreme conditions require ultra-high stability and reliability of the dielectrics. Herein, a novel pyrochlore component with high-entropy design of Bi1.5Zn0.75Mg0.25Nb0.75Ta0.75O7 (BZMNT) bulk endows an excellent energy storage performance of Wrec ≈ 2.72 J/cm3 together with an ultra-high energy efficiency of 91% at a significant enhanced electric field Eb of 650 kV/cm. Meanwhile, the temperature coefficient (TCC) of BZMNT (∼ −220 ppm/°C) is also found to be greatly improved compared with that of the pure Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7 (BZN) (∼ −300 ppm/°C), demonstrating its potential application in temperature-reliable conditions. The high-entropy design results in lattice distortion that contributes to the polarization, while the retardation effect results in a reduction of grain size to submicron scale which enhances the Eb. The high-entropy design provides a new strategy for improving the high energy storage performance of ceramic materials.
Trajectory prediction based on conditional Hamiltonian generative network for incomplete observation image sequences
Authors: Qian Kui , Tian Lei , Song Aiguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe combination of Hamiltonian formalism and neural networks is playing an important role in dealing with chaotic systems. Aiming at the problem of motion control under the condition of unknown physical quantity and incomplete observation set, a trajectory prediction model based on conditional Hamiltonian generating network (CHGN) for incomplete observation image sequences is proposed. CHGN is composed of Conditional AutoEncoder (CVAE), Hamiltonian neural network (HNN) and Velocity–Verlet integrator. CVAE encoder converts the short-term continuous observation image sequence into target motion state features represented by generalized coordinates and generalized momentum, and generates the trajectory prediction image at the specified time. HNN is used to learn potential Hamiltonian physical quantities, so as to understand more chaotic system dynamics information to realize state cognition. Velocity–Verlet integrator predicts the motion state at any moment according to the Hamiltonian learned by HNN at the current moment. The motion state and the specified time are used as the input of CVAE decoder to generate the target prediction image from the potential motion space. Experimental results show that CHGN can accurately predict target trajectories over a long period of time based on incomplete short-term image sequences, and has better performance with minimum mean square error(MSE) on three physical system datasets than existing deep learning methods.
Joint self-supervised and reference-guided learning for depth inpainting
Authors: Wu Heng , Fu Kui , Zhao Yifan , Song Haokun , Li Jia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDepth information can benefit various computer vision tasks on both images and videos. However, depth maps may suffer from invalid values in many pixels, and also large holes. To improve such data, we propose a joint self-supervised and reference-guided learning approach for depth inpainting. For the self-supervised learning strategy, we introduce an improved spatial convolutional sparse coding module in which total variation regularization is employed to enhance the structural information while preserving edge information. This module alternately learns a convolutional dictionary and sparse coding from a corrupted depth map. Then, both the learned convolutional dictionary and sparse coding are convolved to yield an initial depth map, which is effectively smoothed using local contextual information. The reference-guided learning part is inspired by the fact that adjacent pixels with close colors in the RGB image tend to have similar depth values. We thus construct a hierarchical joint bilateral filter module using the corresponding color image to fill in large holes. In summary, our approach integrates a convolutional sparse coding module to preserve local contextual information and a hierarchical joint bilateral filter module for filling using specific adjacent information. Experimental results show that the proposed approach works well for both invalid value restoration and large hole inpainting.
Structures and change – Tracing adaptability based on structural porosity in converted buildings
Authors: Rinke Mario , Pacquée Robbe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmong the approaches of circular construction, the reuse of buildings can be considered the most desirable as it leaves a large portion of embodied carbon untouched. At the same time, it also minimises the energy effort of modifying, transporting or reprocessing the components. However, its underlying mechanisms and boundaries are largely understudied as convertibility and adaptability are currently at most rudimentary integrated neither into legal frameworks nor the architectural or technical design process in practice. In this paper, a new methodology is presented based on the models of Brand (1995) and Leupen (2006) to describe the adaptability of buildings as a function of their structure. The model also includes the circulation system and the specific areas of use. In the discussion of structurally determined usability, several concepts are introduced, such as structural porosity, pockets of use, diversity of pockets of use and diversity of circulation. The method is applied to three case studies that offer different adaptabilities due to their structural configurations. As the permeability or structural porosity of slabs significantly contributes to the usability throughout the structure’s lifetime, ribbed slabs seem to increase adaptability. Together with the spatial structural porosity of the grid, it proves to be a helpful criterion for good appropriability and convertibility. The method proved beneficial in understanding the dependence of the change of use on a given structural configuration. It helps to name the essential aspects, objectify them and make substantially different buildings comparable.
Socio-cultural and economic factors affecting the choice of food diet in West Africa: a two‑stage Heckman approach
Authors: Miassi Yann Emmanuel , Dossa Fabrice Kossivi , Zannou Oscar , Akdemir Şinasi , Koca Ilkay , Galanakis Charis M. , Alamri Abdulhakeem S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWest African countries have made impressive progress in fighting against malnutrition and hunger and ensuring food quality and varying food choices. This paper aimed for the first time to evaluate the determinants of diet choice by the populations of West Africa, especially those of Benin, Togo, and Nigeria. The data collected from 473 people relate mainly to their socioeconomic and cultural characteristics and the factors determining the choice of the diet for which they have opted. These data were analyzed using the Tobit model based on the Heckman method. The statistical analysis of the results obtained allowed us to deduce that the populations studied generally opt for a flexitarian, vegetarian or vegan diet. The age, level of education, religious and ancestral beliefs, social framework, monthly income, perception of the costs generated by each diet, perception of the consumption of products of animal origin such as meat and fish have a significant influence on the choice of diet. The intensity of the chosen diet was determined by variables such as sex, level of education, social framework, perception of consumption of animal products, and meat and fish. Diet being a determining parameter of our state of health, it is imperative to make people aware of the different diets so that they can identify and adopt the one that suits them best.
Finite-time velocity-free trajectory tracking control for a stratospheric airship with preassigned accuracy
Authors: Wu Y. , Wang Q. , Duan D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper concentrates on the trajectory tracking problem for a stratospheric airship subject to underactuated dynamics, unmeasured velocities, modeling inaccuracies and environmental disturbances. First, a coordinate transformation is performed to solve the underactuated issue, which simultaneously permits a priori assignment of the tracking accuracy. Second, a finite-time observer is integrated into the control structure to offer the exact information of unmeasured velocities and uncertainties in an integral manner. Then, by combining the backstepping technique with the method of adding a power integrator, a new output-feedback control strategy is derived with several salient contributions: (1) the airship’s position errors fall into a predetermined residual region near zero within a finite settling time and stay there, while all the closed-loop signals maintain bounded during operation; and (2) no artificial neural networks and filters are adopted, resulting in a low-complexity control property. Furthermore, the presented method can be extended readily to a broad range of second-order mechanical systems as its design builds upon a transformed system model. Rigorous mathematical analysis and simulations demonstrate the above theoretical findings.
Measuring as a New Mode of Inquiry That Bridges Evolutionary Game Theory and Cancer Biology
Authors: Kaznatcheev Artem , Lin Chia-Hua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show that as game theory was transferred from mathematical oncology to experimental cancer biology, a new mode of inquiry was created. Modeling was replaced by measuring. The game measured by a game assay can serve as a bridge that allows knowledge to flow backward from target (cancer research) to source (game theory). Our finding suggests that the conformist and creative (Houkes and Zwart 2019) types of transfer need to be augmented. We conclude by introducing the expansive and transformative types to get a four-tier typology of knowledge transfer.
(Un)Easily Possible Synthetic Biology
Authors: Knuuttila Tarja , Loettgers Andrea 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSynthetic biology has a strong modal dimension that is part and parcel of its engineering agenda. In turning hypothetical biological designs into actual synthetic constructs, synthetic biologists reach toward potential biology instead of concentrating on naturally evolved organisms. We analyze synthetic biology’s goal of making biology easier to engineer through the combinatorial theory of possibility, which reduces possibility to (re)combinations of individuals and their attributes in the actual world. While the last decades of synthetic biology explorations have shown biology to be much more difficult to engineer than originally conceived, synthetic biology has not given up its combinatorial approach.
Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus through left anterior mini-thoracotomy in preterm infants
Authors: Kılıç Yiğit , Irdem Ahmet Kuddusi , Doyurgan Onur , Özlem Gül , Balik Hasan , Bıcak Esra Aktiz , Salik Fikret , Aldudak Bedri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:Patent ductus arteriosus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in very low birth weight infants. The aim of the study is to report our single-centre short-term results of preterm patients who underwent ligation through left anterior mini-thoracotomy .Methods:Data of 27 preterm infants operated by the same surgeon who underwent Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure with left anterior mini-thoracotomy technique between November 2020 and January 2022 at a single institution were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their weight at the time of surgery. Data on early postoperative outcomes and survival rates after discharge were collected.Results:Twenty-seven patients with a mean (±SD) gestational age of 25.8 (±2.0) weeks and a mean birth weight of 1027 (±423) g were operated using left anterior mini-thoracotomy technique. The lowest body weight was 480 g. Complications such as bleeding, abnormal healing of incision, or pneumothorax were not seen. There were 8 mortalities after the operation (29,6 %). The causes of the deaths were sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, hydrops fetalis, hepatoblastoma, and intracranial bleeding. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of complication between the groups.Conclusions:Left anterior mini-thoracotomy technique can be performed as the first choice when transcatheter intervention cannot be applied in preterm infants. It provides easy access to the PDA, a good exposure, minimal contact with the lungs, good cosmetic results in early and mid-term and shortens the operation time, especially in very low birth weight preterm babies. However, early ligation may be helpful to minimise the complications related to PDA.
Panoramas, Patriotic Voyeurism, and the “Indian Mutiny”
Authors: Kingstone Helen 
Published: May 2022

The panorama was from its outset a medium of contemporary history. This article examines its contribution to initial historical narratives about the “Indian Mutiny” (1857–58). Nineteenth-century critics often saw the form as voyeuristic, while modern scholars have critiqued its chauvinistic patriotism. The article uses panorama paratexts, adverts, and reviews to recover the visitor experience and to compare these with contemporary would-be historical accounts of the mutiny. I ask, Was it possible for panoramic representations of the mutiny to avoid jingoism? And what can this case study tell us about mid-nineteenth-century approaches to historical distance?My analysis of 1850s panoramas of the mutiny (by Burford, Hamilton, Marshall, and Gompertz) shows that when they depicted graphic violence, it did not suppress visitor numbers but did lead to accusations of voyeurism. Reviewers declared that the events were too temporally and emotionally proximate to be treated as history. Initial contemporary histories nonetheless borrowed from panoramic modes in their illustrations of the mutiny, making panoramas a means of mediating events into historical form. By the 1870s, concerns about voyeurism diminished but chauvinistic representation continued, as the episode ossified into a cultural myth. Chronological distance did not lead to greater openness but to more unquestioning jingoism.
Inclusive education and the law in Ireland
Authors: Murphy Muiread , Thompson Stephanie , Doyle David M. , Ferri Delia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBy ratifying the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2018, Ireland has undertaken inter alia the obligation to implement ‘an inclusive education system at all levels and lifelong learning’, as required by Article 24. However, concerns have been repeatedly expressed about the practice of inclusive education in Ireland in terms of admission policies, funding, school choice and reduced timetabling. This paper investigates whether, and to what extent, the current approach to special educational needs (SEN) in Ireland complies with the aim of ensuring an inclusive educational system in which children with disabilities are valued and empowered. Ireland is an interesting case-study due to its history of marginalisation of children with disabilities and its relatively recent engagement with the concept of inclusive education. By using a socio-legal approach, drawing on qualitative interviews with key stakeholders in education combined with a legal analysis of relevant primary and secondary sources, it examines the current practices relating to the education of children with disabilities in Ireland.
Southern Ocean Phytoplankton Stimulated by Wildfire Emissions and Sustained by Iron Recycling
Authors: Weis Jakob , Schallenberg Christina , Chase Zanna , Bowie Andrew R. , Wojtasiewicz Bozena , Perron Morgane M. G. , Mallet Marc D. , Strutton Peter G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge ash plumes emitted by the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires were associated with a widespread phytoplankton bloom in the iron‐limited Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. In this study, we used satellite observations and aerosol reanalysis products to study the regional phytoplankton community response to wildfire emissions. The bloom was stimulated by pyrogenic iron fertilization and coincided with elevated cellular pigment concentrations, increased photochemical efficiency, and apparent community structural shifts. Physiological anomalies were consistent with previously observed phytoplankton responses to iron stress relief and persisted for up to 9 months. Supported by a regional iron budget, we conclude that the bloom was sustained by iron recycling and episodic inputs of pyrogenic and dust‐borne mineral iron. The continuous regeneration of iron was likely facilitated by the bloom's large size, mitigating edge dilution effects, as well as enhanced bioavailability of pyrogenic and mineral iron due to atmospheric and chemical processing during long‐range transport.
On the Magnetic Dip Ahead of the Dipolarization Fronts
Authors: Huang Hongtao , Yu Yiqun , Chen Zuzheng , Liu Chengming , Cao Jinbin , Yu Tongpu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDipolarization front (DF), a transient structure that is associated with the earthward plasma flow, is widely considered as a result of magnetic reconnection. It is often characterized with a sharp increase in the northward magnetic field Bz preceded by a minor decrease of it. However, the small magnetic dip ahead of the DF is not always present, the reason of which is not well known. By analyzing in site Magnetospheric MultiScale spacecraft measurements at the magnetotail, we present two events of DF with and without a dip ahead of it. It is found that the magnetic dip ahead of DF is accompanied by a guide field By. To investigate the physical mechanism that determines the appearance of the dip, we perform kinetic simulations of symmetric single X line magnetic reconnection under various guide fields. The simulation results show that the dip is generated due to the separation of the gyro‐motion between ions and electrons under the influence of the guide field. Ions are reflected at the DF and further deviated by the guide field away from the neutral sheet, while more electrons remain in the neutral sheet due to their small gyroradius. In the absence of a compensating ion current, a dawnward current thus is formed, carried by the electrons, and generates the dip. Our results bring in a new perspective on the formation of the dip in single X line reconnection.