bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the referral documents of patients with malignant soft tissue tumors
Authors: Hoshi Manabu , Oebisu Naoto , Iwai Tadashi , Shimatani Akiyoshi , Ban Yoshitaka , Takada Naoki , Yao Hana , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFifteen years have passed since the soft tissue tumor practice guidelines were first published in Japan. Tumor size of ≥ 5 cm and tumor depth were key findings suggestive of malignant soft tissue tumors. We reviewed the referral documents provided by the referring physicians to see if these two findings were reported. The study was conducted from January 2007 to December 2021 and included 142 patients (83 men and 59 women; median age, 64 [6–94] years) with malignant soft tissue tumors. Patient referral documents from physicians were screened for descriptions of the tumor size and depth. The tumor size, depth, and both were described in 51.4%, 36.6%, and 23.2% of the referrals, respectively. Both findings were mentioned in 23.8%, 21.7%, and 25.0% of referrals in 2007–2011, 2012–2016, and 2017–2021, respectively. Of orthopedic surgeons and other physicians, 61.2% and 38.6%, respectively, described the tumor size. Whether the general physicians could follow the soft tissue tumor practice guidelines was difficult to conclude by reviewing patient referral documents. However, orthopedic surgeons seemed to pay more attention to tumor size. Awareness regarding soft tissue tumor practice guidelines should be increased to help diagnose malignant soft tissue tumors early.
Evaluate the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim
Authors: Zaiyou Jian , Xiaomin Tang , Hongsheng Wang , Guifang Xu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe diurnal variation of photosynthesis, light response curve and CO2 response curve in Epimedium brevicornu Maxim leaves were determined with Li-6400 photosynthesis system to evaluate the photosynthesis of E. brevicornu. Fluorescence of chlorophyll in the leaves were determined with PAM-2500 portable chlorophyll fluorescence apparatus in the study. The results showed that the midday depression of photosynthesis was very obvious in the E. brevicornu leaves. The light compensation point of E. brevicornu leaves was about 15 µmol m−2 s−1. The light saturation point of E. brevicornu leaves was below 800 µmol m−2 s−1, which was lower than the general sunlight intensity at noon in summer. The CO2 saturation point of E. brevicornu leaves was much higher than the content of CO2 in general air. E. brevicornu was a typical shade plant and could survive in very low sunlight. E. brevicornu could not endure strong sunlight and high air temperature. The net photosynthetic rate of E. brevicornu leaves linearly correlated with the content of CO2 in the leaf chamber when the content was below CO2 saturation point. E. brevicornu possessed great potential of photosynthesis.
A globally distributed durophagous marine reptile clade supports the rapid recovery of pelagic ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Qiao Yu , Liu Jun , Wolniewicz Andrzej S. , Iijima Masaya , Shen Yuefeng , Wintrich Tanja , Li Qiang , Sander P. Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMarine ecosystem recovery after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) has been extensively studied in the shallow sea, but little is known about the nature of this process in pelagic ecosystems. Omphalosauridae, an enigmatic clade of open-water durophagous marine reptiles, potentially played an important role in the recovery, but their fragmentary fossils and uncertain phylogenetic position have hindered our understanding of their role in the process. Here we report the large basal ichthyosauriform Sclerocormus from the Early Triassic of China that clearly demonstrates an omphalosaurid affinity, allowing for the synonymy of the recently erected Nasorostra with Omphalosauridae. The skull also reveals the anatomy of the unique feeding apparatus of omphalosaurids, likely an adaptation for feeding on hard-shelled pelagic invertebrates, especially ammonoids. Morphofunctional analysis of jaws shows that omphalosaurids occupy the morphospace of marine turtles. Our discovery adds another piece of evidence for an explosive radiation of marine reptiles into the ocean in the Early Triassic and the rapid recovery of pelagic ecosystems after the PTME.
Disentangling five dimensions of animacy in human brain and behaviour
Authors: Jozwik Kamila M. , Najarro Elias , van den Bosch Jasper J. F. , Charest Ian , Cichy Radoslaw M. , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDistinguishing animate from inanimate things is of great behavioural importance. Despite distinct brain and behavioural responses to animate and inanimate things, it remains unclear which object properties drive these responses. Here, we investigate the importance of five object dimensions related to animacy (“being alive”, “looking like an animal”, “having agency”, “having mobility”, and “being unpredictable”) in brain (fMRI, EEG) and behaviour (property and similarity judgements) of 19 participants. We used a stimulus set of 128 images, optimized by a genetic algorithm to disentangle these five dimensions. The five dimensions explained much variance in the similarity judgments. Each dimension explained significant variance in the brain representations (except, surprisingly, “being alive”), however, to a lesser extent than in behaviour. Different brain regions sensitive to animacy may represent distinct dimensions, either as accessible perceptual stepping stones toward detecting whether something is alive or because they are of behavioural importance in their own right.
Transfer of cannabinoids into the milk of dairy cows fed with industrial hemp could lead to Δ9-THC exposure that exceeds acute reference dose
Authors: Wagner Bettina , Gerletti Pietro , Fürst Peter , Keuth Oliver , Bernsmann Thorsten , Martin Annett , Schäfer Bernd , Numata Jorge , Lorenzen Marc C. , Pieper Robert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe industrial hemp sector is growing and, in recent years, has launched many novel hemp-derived products, including animal feed. It is, however, unclear to what extent individual cannabinoids from industrial hemp transfer from the feed into products of animal origin and whether they pose a risk for the consumer. Here we present the results of a feeding experiment with industrial hemp silage in dairy cows. Hemp feeding included changes in feed intake, milk yield, respiratory and heart rates, and behaviour. We combined liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-based analyses and toxicokinetic computer modelling to estimate the transfer of several cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ8-THC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin, 11-OH-Δ9-THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC, cannabidiol, cannabinol and cannabidivarin) from animal feed to milk. For Δ9-THC, which has a feed-to-milk transfer rate of 0.20% ± 0.03%, the acute reference dose for humans was exceeded in several consumer groups in exposure scenarios for milk and dairy product consumption when using industrial hemp to feed dairy cows.
Sub-volt switching of nanoscale voltage-controlled perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Shao Yixin , Lopez-Dominguez Victor , Davila Noraica , Sun Qilong , Kioussis Nicholas , Katine Jordan A. , Khalili Amiri Pedram 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnetic random-access memory (MRAM) based on voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is a promising candidate for high-performance computing applications, due to its lower power consumption, higher bit density, and the ability to reduce the access transistor size when compared to conventional current-controlled spin-transfer torque MRAM. The key to realizing these advantages is to have a low MTJ switching voltage. Here, we report a perpendicular MTJ structure with a high voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy coefficient ~130 fJ/Vm and high tunnel magnetoresistance exceeding 150%. Owing to the high voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy coefficient, we demonstrate sub-nanosecond precessional switching of nanoscale MTJs with diameters of 50 and 70 nm, using a voltage lower than 1 V. We also show scaling of this switching mechanism down to 30 nm MTJs, with voltages close to 2 V. The results pave the path for the future development and application of voltage-controlled MRAMs and spintronic devices in emerging computing systems.
A Tale of Two Susceptibilities: Cisplatin Ototoxicity Variability in Similar Patients
Authors: Custer Amy 
Published: November 2022

Purpose:
There are well-known risk factors that contribute to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to highlight differences in susceptibility to cisplatin-induced ototoxicity for patients with similar risk factors.

Method:
Case examples are described to illustrate the variability in audiologic outcomes following treatment for two patients with similar demographic factors and similar risk factors for cisplatin ototoxicity who received nearly the same treatment for the same type of cancer.

Conclusions:
Before cisplatin treatment, both patients exhibited normal hearing thresholds and denied tinnitus. Following completion of treatment, one patient experienced minimal ototoxic effects in the form of an American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (1994) significant threshold shift for the extended high frequencies above 8000 Hz for the right ear. The other patient experienced severe ototoxic effects in the form of a NCI CTCAE v5.0 Grade 3 change in hearing status and bilateral tinnitus. Possible contributors to the difference in cisplatin ototoxicity susceptibility include a difference in baseline cochlear health, a difference in genetic predisposition for cisplatin ototoxicity, or other individualized susceptibilities. Though the established risk factors serve as an informative guide, they are not intended to predict each patient's audiologic outcome or determine which patients to include in an ototoxicity monitoring program. Therefore, all patients who receive cisplatin should be enrolled in a cisplatin ototoxicity monitoring program so that any changes in hearing can be detected as early as possible.
FAFEnet: A fast and accurate model for automatic license plate detection and recognition
Authors: Zhou Xin , Cheng Yao , Jiang Liling , Ning Bo , Wang Yanhao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAutomatic License Plate detection and Recognition (ALPR) is a key problem in intelligent transportation systems with wide applications in traffic monitoring, electronic toll collection (ETC), intelligent parking lots (IPLs), and elsewhere. Although numerous methods have been proposed in the literature, it is still challenging to strike a good balance between the accuracy and efficiency of ALPR. In this paper, a novel end‐to‐end CNN‐based model is proposed, called Fast and Accurate Network with Feature Enhancement (FAFEnet), to jointly detect the license plates and recognize the characters with high accuracy and efficiency. Specifically, the FAFEnet model seamlessly integrates two CNN‐based models, namely the detection and recognition modules, into a unified framework to reduce accumulated errors and computational overheads in two separate steps. The detection module is a lightweight model with only seven convolutional layers yet achieves over 99.8% accuracy rates for license plate detection across all datasets. The recognition module utilizes two feature enhancement blocks to compensate and enhance the shallow character features extracted by the detection module. Furthermore, the joint optimization of detection and recognition modules exploits the feature association in two modules, and thus improves the prediction accuracy while reducing the execution time. Finally, extensive experimental results on several real‐world datasets demonstrate that FAFEnet outperforms all the competitors in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.
Behandlungsalternativen für sakrale Chordome
Authors: Kalasauskas Darius , Ringel Florian 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungChordome sind primäre maligne ossäre Tumoren und gehören zu den häufigsten Tumorarten im Sakrum. Die operative Tumorresektion und Radiotherapie sind die Eckpfeiler der Chordomtherapie des Sakrums. Eine komplette Resektion ohne Eröffnen der Tumorkapsel (en bloc Resektion) ist mit der besten Überlebensprognose assoziiert, führt jedoch in einigen Fällen zu einer hohen operativen Morbidität. In diesem Übersichtsartikel beschreiben wir das klinische Krankheitsbild, die Diagnostik, aktuelle Behandlungsalternativen und die wichtigsten entscheidungsrelevanten Faktoren dieser komplexen Tumorerkrankung.
Tackling malnutrition with a new compact oral nutrient supplement among residents in aged care: a pilot study
Authors: O’Brien Wendy J. , Jellicoe Jessica , Mazahery Hajar , Wham Carol 
Published: November 2022

Introduction There is a high prevalence of malnutrition among older adults entering residential aged care (RAC). Aim To determine whether 60 mL of a compact oral nutrition supplement (ONS; daily total: 576 kcal, 35 g protein) consumed four times daily with medication rounds improves malnutrition status, body weight, and body composition measures among older adults in RAC. Methods Residents (n = 20; mean age: 86.7 ± 6.8 years; 50% female) screened for malnutrition (20% malnourished, 80% at risk of malnutrition) using the Mini Nutritional Assessment-short form were recruited during April–June 2021. Participants received 60 mL of an ONS four times daily using the Medication Pass Nutrition Supplement Programme (Med Pass). The ONS intake and participant compliance were recorded. Body mass index, fat, and muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance), malnutrition risk, depressive symptoms, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and following the 18-week intervention. Results Median overall compliance was 98.6%. An ONS intake did not significantly increase mean ± s.d. any body composition measures or improve health and wellbeing outcomes; however, it resulted in increased body weight and body mass index (BMI; 13/20 (65%) participants), body fat mass and percentage (10/16 (63%) participants) and muscle mass (9/16 (56%) participants). Malnutrition risk scores improved in 65% (13/20) of participants, resulting in 10% being assessed as malnourished, 65% at risk of malnutrition, and 25% with normal nutrition status. Discussion Delivery of a compact oral nutrition supplement with the medication round was accepted by residents. Its efficacy in improving malnutrition risk and body composition among residents warrants further investigation.
A corpus-driven exploration of conspiracy theorising as a discourse type
Authors: Catenaccio Paola 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter takes a view of conspiracy theorising as a discourse type and seeks to identify candidate linguistic features of such discourse in a corpus of books devoted to 9/11 conspiracy theories. Adopting a corpus-driven approach, the study identifies three discursive traits which appear prominent in conspiracy discourse. The first trait concerns a high incidence of metadiscursive references to terms such as report, version and story, which are associated with negatively evaluative verbs (for example, claim) when premodified by the adjective official, and tend to co-occur with verbs such as emerge when referring to conspiracy theorists’ preferred versions. The second regards the frequent recourse to terms such as evidence (lack of which characterizes official stories) and facts (typically posited to be at the heart of conspiratorial versions). Finally, the study identifies the salience of hypothetical structures, signalled by the recurrent use of the modal would, which question official accounts using a modus tollens form of confutational argumentation.
“Go ahead and ‘debunk’ truth by calling it a conspiracy theory”
Authors: Garcés-Conejos Blitvich Pilar , Lorenzo-Dus Nuria 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To help fill in the research gap on conspiracy theorizing online (Varis 2019), this chapter addresses two research questions: the discursive construction of conspiracy theoryness in online affinity spaces (Gee 2005) and the extent to which these discursive constructions are aligned with those previously identified by extant literature, which has traditionally taken a top-down, macro-level perspective, as defining of conspiracy theories. Conspiracy theories are essentially social constructs (Butter and Knight 2016). To our knowledge, research to date has not examined how notions of what counts as a conspiracy theory are shaped in a bottom-up manner as knowledge, identities, and associated practices that are subjected to discursive struggle. Online affinity spaces, such as those provided by Reddit and YouTube and in which conspiracy theories are regularly discussed, give us unprecedented access to this process. Our analysis shows how the discursive construction of knowledge is crucially related to the concept of truth and how, contrary to common representations, conspiracy theories are seen – from an emic perspective – as stemming from rationality, reasoning, and deployment of an (albeit sui generis) scientific method. Although committed to knowledge activism, conspiracy theories in our data display a manifest proclivity for eudaimonic and social variables and lean strongly towards the depiction of the agents’ identity (both human and non-human) against whom conspiracy theorists relationally construct who they are.
Exploring the echo chamber concept
Authors: Bondi Marina , Sanna Leonardo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Echo chambers have often been analyzed in social media studies as dysfunctions of communication fostering the polarization of debates and the spreading of conspiracy theories. On the other hand, from a linguistic perspective, very little research has been conducted on these themes. Our work aims to investigate the linguistic dimension of echo chambers, exploring them as ideological structures that are observable when ideological conflict occurs. Using word embedding and corpus-based discourse analysis, we investigate mediatic discourse on COVID-19 in the Coronavirus Corpus and in the Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. The analysis focuses on the semantic and pragmatic status of the word hoax, which emerges as a keyword characterizing the Twitter dataset. Our study shows how linguistic markers of ideological conflict can act as markers of position and affective/social identity.
Complementary concepts of disinformation
Authors: Seargeant Philip 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at the relationship between two distinct but related forms of disinformation currently widespread in political discourse: ‘fake news’ and conspiracy theories. Both play a significant role in the promotion and circulation of forms of false information which are considered by many as a threat to civil society. They are both frequently co-opted as means of political persuasion, often for propaganda purposes. Despite their similarities, the two exist as distinct genres of disinformation. The aim of the chapter is to analyse the nature of their similarities and differences as rhetorical tools in order to provide a more nuanced picture of the role they both play in contemporary politics.
Properties and modification of native oxides of InP(100)
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Masoud , Vuori Sami , Miettinen Mikko , Lehtiö Juha-Pekka , Granroth Sari , Punkkinen Marko P J , Rad Zahra Sadat Jahanshah , Punkkinen Risto , Kuzmin Mikhail , Laukkanen Pekka , Lastusaari Mika , Kokko Kalevi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Properties of oxidized InP surfaces, which are known to cause less electrical and optical losses than other III–V oxides, are relevant to develop the passivation of current and future applications of III–V crystals (e.g. lasers, detectors). We report that a proper low-temperature (LT) (<400 °C) gas exposure with NH3 or O2 enables beneficial modifications of InP native oxides, of which formation is difficult to avoid in devices. Effects of the gas exposure depend on the doping of InP. NH3 exposure without a plasma source at 250 °C or lower temperature increases photoluminescence (PL) intensity of native-oxide covered n-InP crystals, which interestingly provide a stronger PL signal than n-InP with the HCl-cleaned surface. In contrast, O2 exposure around 300 °C increases PL signal of native-oxide covered p-type InP. Core-level photoelectron spectra reveal that N atoms are incorporated into the native oxide system of InPO4/InP during LT NH3 exposures. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows a band bending and a tendency to crystallization at native-oxide covered InP surfaces. Photoelectron spectra, which are analyzed with recent calculations, show larger variation in the bonding environment for the host In atoms and for incorporated N atoms, as compared to the P bonding sites in the InPO4 native oxide.
Revisiting the involvement of tau in complex neural network remodeling: analysis of the extracellular neuronal activity in organotypic brain slice co-cultures
Authors: Bouillet Thomas , Ciba Manuel , Alves Caroline Lourenço , Rodrigues Francisco Aparecido , Thielemann Christiane , Colin Morvane , Buée Luc , Halliez Sophie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Tau ablation has a protective effect in epilepsy due to inhibition of the hyperexcitability/hypersynchrony. Protection may also occur in transgenic models of Alzheimer’s disease by reducing the epileptic activity and normalizing the excitation/inhibition imbalance. However, it is difficult to determine the exact functions of tau, because tau knockout (tauKO
) brain networks exhibit elusive phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to further explore the physiological role of tau using brain network remodeling. Approach. The effect of tau ablation was investigated in hippocampal-entorhinal slice co-cultures during network remodeling. We recorded the spontaneous extracellular neuronal activity over 2 weeks in single-slice cultures and co-cultures from control and tauKO
mice. We compared the burst activity and applied concepts and analytical tools intended for the analysis of the network synchrony and connectivity. Main results. Comparison of the control and tauKO
co-cultures revealed that tau ablation had an anti-synchrony effect on the hippocampal-entorhinal two-slice networks at late stages of culture, in line with the literature. Differences were also found between the single-slice and co-culture conditions, which indicated that tau ablation had differential effects at the sub-network scale. For instance, tau ablation was found to have an anti-synchrony effect on the co-cultured hippocampal slices throughout the culture, possibly due to a reduction in the excitation/inhibition ratio. Conversely, tau ablation led to increased synchrony in the entorhinal slices at early stages of the co-culture, possibly due to homogenization of the connectivity distribution. Significance. The new methodology presented here proved useful for investigating the role of tau in the remodeling of complex brain-derived neural networks. The results confirm previous findings and hypotheses concerning the effects of tau ablation on neural networks. Moreover, the results suggest, for the first time, that tau has multifaceted roles that vary in different brain sub-networks.