bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture for acute musculoskeletal pain management in the emergency department and continuity clinic: a protocol for an adaptive pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Eucker Stephanie A , Glass Oliver , Staton Catherine A , Knisely Mitchell R , O’Regan Amy , De Larco Christi , Mill Michelle , Dixon Austin , TumSuden Olivia , Walker Erica , Dalton Juliet C , Limkakeng Alexander , Maxwell Ann Miller W , Gordee Alex , Kuchibhatla Maggie , Chow Sheinchung 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionChronic musculoskeletal pain causes a significant burden on health and quality of life and may result from inadequate treatment of acute musculoskeletal pain. The emergency department (ED) represents a novel setting in which to test non-pharmacological interventions early in the pain trajectory to prevent the transition from acute to chronic pain. Acupuncture is increasingly recognised as a safe, affordable and effective treatment for pain and anxiety in the clinic setting, but it has yet to be established as a primary treatment option in the ED.Methods and analysisThis pragmatic clinical trial uses a two-stage adaptive randomised design to determine the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of acupuncture initiated in the ED and continued in outpatient clinic for treating acute musculoskeletal pain. The objective of the first (treatment selection) stage is to determine the more effective style of ED-based acupuncture, auricular acupuncture or peripheral acupuncture, as compared with no acupuncture. All arms will receive usual care at the discretion of the ED provider blinded to treatment arm. The objective of the second (effectiveness confirmation) stage is to confirm the impact of the selected acupuncture arm on pain reduction. An interim analysis is planned at the end of stage 1 based on probability of being the best treatment, after which adaptations will be considered including dropping the less effective arm, sample size re-estimation and unequal treatment allocation ratio (eg, 1:2) for stage 2. Acupuncture treatments will be delivered by licensed acupuncturists in the ED and twice weekly for 1 month afterward in an outpatient clinic.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by the Duke University Health System Institutional Review Board. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be disseminated through peer-review publications and public and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04290741.
Association of sarcopenia with ideal cardiovascular health metrics among US adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data from 2011 to 2018
Authors: Chen Weihua , Shi Shanshan , Jiang Yizhou , Chen Kaihong , Liao Ying , Huang Rongchong , Huang Kun 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe American Heart Association (AHA) proposed the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. We attempted to broaden the impact of CVH and further contribute to AHA 2030 goals by identifying the relationship between CVH and non-cardiovascular diseases such as sarcopenia.DesignCross-sectional surveySettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in the USA from 2011 to 2018.ParticipantsThis study included participants with reliable first 24-hour dietary recall and ≥20 years of age and excluded those who could not diagnose sarcopenia or insufficient data to calculate the CVH scores.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe prevalence of sarcopenia as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsThis cohort study involving 9326 adults≥20 years comprised 4733 females (50.0%). The number of intermediate or ideal and poor CVH participants was 5654 and 3672 with mean CVH score of 9.70±0.03 and 5.66±0.04, respectively. After adjusting for related confounding factors, intermediate or ideal CVH was associated with an odds reduction of sarcopenia than poor CVH (adjusted OR (aOR): 0.36, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.50, p<0.001) and the odds of sarcopenia was significantly lower for each incremental increase of 1 in CVH metrics (aOR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.79, p<0.001). Moreover, if the number of ideal CVH metrics was>5, the odds of sarcopenia decreased by up to 84% (aOR: 0.16, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.30).ConclusionsOur findings suggest a relationship between the CVH and the prevalence of sarcopenia in adults. The results of our study can contribute to achieving the 2030 public health goal of achieving CVH for all, which may be supported by efforts to reduce the prevalence of sarcopenia.
Geographical variation and correlates of substance use among married men in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Zenbaba Demisu , Yassin Ahmed , Abdulkadir Adem , Mama Mohammedaman 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe use of substances has become one of the world’s most serious public health and socioeconomic issues. Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating a favourable environment for socially destructive substance use. This study aimed to determine the geographical variation, prevalence and correlates of substance use among ever-married men in Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016.Data sourceData were used from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).Data extraction and analysisData from the 2016 EDHS was used, and a total of 7793 ever-married men were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran’s I) was used to determine whether substance use was dispersed, clustered or randomly distributed. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the correlates with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05 and 95% CI.ResultsOf all ever-married men, 72.5% (95% CI 71.5% to 73.4%) were currently using at least one of the three substances (alcohol, cigarettes and chat). The highest hotspot areas of substance use were observed in Ahmara and Tigray regions. The age (adjusted OR, AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.45), educational status (AOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82), occupation (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.76), watching television (AOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and living in the city (AOR 2.25; 95% CI to 1.36 to 3.74) were individual and community-level correlates found to have a statistically significant association with substance use.ConclusionIn this study, nearly three-fourths of married men used one of the three substances. Given these findings, it is critical to reducing the problem by improving modifiable individual-level variables such as educational status and reducing substance advertising.
Healthcare costs of adverse drug reactions and potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults: a population-based study
Authors: Robinson Eirin Guldsten , Hedna Khedidja , Hakkarainen Katja M , Gyllensten Hanna 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the distribution of costs based on potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) status in terms of total direct costs and costs caused by ADRs, among older adults.DesignA retrospective cohort study was conducted among older adults, identified from a random sample of the general Swedish population. PIP was identified based on the Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria and ADRs were identified using the Howard criteria. Causality between PIP and ADRs was evaluated using Hallas’ criteria. Prevalence-based direct healthcare costs were calculated for the 3-month study period, including the total cost for healthcare and drugs, and the cost caused by ADRs.SettingAll care levels, including primary care, other outpatient care and inpatient care.Participants813 adults ≥65 years.Primary outcome measuresThe prevalence and cost of PIP and ADRs.ResultsTotal direct cost for persons with PIP was approximately twice the total cost of those without PIP (€1958 (€1428–€2616) vs €881 (€817–€1167), p=0.0020). The costs caused by ADRs was 10 times higher among persons with PIP, compared with those without PIP (€270 (€86–€545) vs €27 (€10–€61), p=0.047). For persons with ADRs caused by PIP, total direct costs were €4646 (€2617–€7931). This group represented 8% of the study population and used 25% of the costs. The main cost driver in all studied patient groups was healthcare contacts.ConclusionsOlder persons with PIP and ADRs had high healthcare costs, particularly when ADRs were caused by PIP. Since these costs appear to be substantial, the potential savings by preventing their occurrence may, to a certain degree, cover the added cost of such activities. Further studies should be undertaken to provide further evidence on the costs of PIP, ADRs and ADRs caused by PIP.
Vaccine hesitancy from the parent perspectives: protocol for a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Goharinezhad Salime , Hoveidamanesh Soodabeh , Amirkafi Ali , Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Eshrati Babak 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWHO declared vaccine hesitancy as a global public health threat in 2019. Since even a slight reduction in vaccine coverage rates can lead to a decrease in herd immunity, it is imperative to explore the underlying factors affecting vaccine hesitancy. This qualitative study protocol aims to explore determinant factors that influence vaccine hesitancy in Iran from the parent’s perspective.Methods and analysisDescriptive-Interpretive Qualitative research will be conducted to gain an insight into vaccine hesitancy in the west of Tehran province in Iran. Participants in the study will be recruited from vaccine-hesitant parents of children under 5 years’ old who will be recognised as being hesitant to extract from the national health information system. The semistructured interviews and in-depth questions will be performed both face-to-face in an open space such as a park near their homes and via video call because of the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing. Interviews will be conducted by a trained qualitative person. Transcribed data will be analysed through thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the research ethics committee at the Iran University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID #IR.IUMS.REC.1399.273). The results of the study are expected to be presented by the end of 2022 year. A variety of dissemination methods will be employed to communicate research findings, including presentations at conferences and peer-reviewed publications.
Factors associated with parental burden among parents of children with food allergies in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Zeen , Tian Lang , Liu Haiyan , Tang Siyuan , Chen Qirong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with parental burden among parents of children with food allergies (FA) in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe participants were recruited through the internet and one child health centre of a tertiary hospital in Changsha, China.ParticipantsA total of 346 parents of children with FA were recruited using a convenience sampling method. After excluding the invalid questionnaires, 330 questionnaires were included for the analysis.Outcome measuresThe data of general and disease-specific information of children with FA and their parents, as well as parental burden, social support and coping style of parents, were collected using a self-developed questionnaire and standard measurement tools with good psychometric properties. Univariate analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis were used to analyse the data.ResultsFinancial affordability regarding their children’s FA and parents’ social support were key protective factors against parental burden (β=−0.224, p<0.001 and β=−0.226, p<0.001, respectively). This study also found that parents’ working conditions, the number of highly suspected food allergens, the number of children’s FA-affected systems and whether children took amino acid milk powder were the factors associated with parental burden.ConclusionsHealth professionals should pay more attention to parents who are not at work and whose children have more highly suspected food allergens and more FA-affected systems because these parents often have a higher parental burden. Furthermore, it is important to improve financial support for children’s FA and social support for parents of children with FA to decrease their parental burden.
Cross-Over Diseases and Constructions of Difference: Pigs and Pandemics in Jewish Sources
Authors: Crane Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concerns about zoonotic diseases and efforts to differentiate between groups intertwine at the intersection of critical animal studies, biomobility and epidemic discourses, and religious studies. Using the case in rabbinic literature of pandemics moving from pigs to humans, this study unfolds in historical stages. Period I, “Flesh” (3rd C to 12th C), considers the issues at hand: a pandemic, pigs, the question of what to do and why. Period II, “Metaphor” (12th C to 16th C), turns pigs into metaphors for sociopolitical concerns, to make strong distinctions between sets of humans. Period III, “Science” (16th C to 20th C), argues that evidence should help inform decisions of what to do in the face of a zoonotic pandemic. The conclusion, “Directions,” considers first the possibility of reverse-zoonosis, of human infecting animals, before offering reflections for several fields of study.
Reading Talmudic Sources as Arguments: The Case of Water Used by a Baker
Authors: Blankovsky Yuval 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By discussing a short sugya, this paper demonstrates how to read the components of a typical Talmudic discussion – Mishnah, Tosefta, Yerushalmi and Bavli – as arguments. In contrast to widely used academic approaches, I show that it is possible to ascribe disagreement to parallel sources without passing judgment either on their chronological order or on whether one of the sources is a direct response to the other. The appendix offers a new theoretical model for approaching the synoptic problem in rabbinic literature.
The Scapegoat Ritual: Between Biblical and Tannaitic Law
Authors: Marcus Yosef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In Leviticus 16, Aaron is commanded to bring a bull to atone for himself and his household (v. 3) along with two goats to atone for the children of Israel (v. 5). He sprinkles the blood of the bull and one of the goats in different places in the Temple and sends the second goat, the scapegoat, to “ʾAzazel to the desert.” The biblical scapegoat ritual is discussed extensively in the research community, mainly due to its similarity to ancient pagan rituals. Here, I present the interpretation of the early rabbis, which states that atonement is attained not by sending the goat away but through the confession performed on it. I also discuss the novelty introduced in the early rabbinic literature, concerning the disposition of the goat: thrown off the cliff and not just sent to the desert.
The Story of Nahum Ish Gamzu and the Poor Man in the Babylonian Talmud: The Compassionate Socially Aware Hasid
Authors: Ben Pazi Isaiah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nahum Ish Gamzu is a colorful and revered character in the Babylonian Talmud. In one dramatic legend, as a result of an interaction with a poor man, Nahum decrees upon himself a disproportionate punishment: to have his arms and legs amputated and his body covered with boils. This article examines the various sources of the story, places the story in the context of similar stories in Talmudic discourse, and shows that the editors of the Talmud wished to present Nahum in contrast to Rav Ada, who had similar abilities but did not wish to prevent a house from collapsing. Nahum was compassionate and socially aware, in contrast to Rav Ada, who did not want to use his piety to help others. In drawing this contrast, the editors reworked the literary nucleus found in the Jerusalem Talmud, shaping the stories and placing them side by side so that the contrast between these two types of Hasid is clear.
Narratives that Bind: Black American Diasporic Content, Netflix, and World Cinema
Authors: Treadwell Miya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, I argue that recent Black American narratives on Netflix intersect with and can be understood through principles of world cinema. Black American narratives have long existed outside of the Hollywood conventions that often serve as a line of demarcation in world cinema scholarship. Building on Lúcia Nagib’s definition of world cinema (2006) and her concept of realistic modes of production (2020a/2020b), I show how contemporary Black American narratives on Netflix are sustaining a diasporic perspective. Although originating in the US, its marginalized production and preoccupations with colonial dynamics or racial and geographical inequality help to regard this content as a mode of world cinema. Moreover, as In Our Mothers’ Gardens (2021) and High on the Hog (2021) demonstrate, these connections with world cinema have been intensified by Netflix’s production model.
Impact of a High-Resolution Anoscopy Clinic on Management of Anal Dysplasia in Women Living With HIV
Authors: Squeo Gabriella C. , Geba Maria C. , Kane William J. , Thomas Tania A. , Newberry Yvonne , Wang Xin-Qun , Hedrick Traci L. , Friel Charles M. , Hoang Sook C. 
Published: September 2022

Background The rate of anal squamous cell cancer (aSCC) is increasing among women living with HIV. Treatment of precursor high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) may reduce the risk of progression to aSCC. The objective of this study was to examine effects of a dedicated high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) clinic on management of HSIL in women with HIV. Methods Women living with HIV who underwent anal dysplasia screening at a single institution between 2006 and 2020 were reviewed. Those who underwent screening before (Group A) and after (Group B) the implementation of an HRA program in 2017 were compared. The primary outcome of interest was the successful detection and treatment of HSIL. Results A total of 201 women living with HIV underwent anal dysplasia screening between 2006 and 2020. Seventy-seven patients were found to have abnormal anal cytology requiring further treatment: 43 (55.8%) in Group A and 34 (44.2%) patients in Group B. Of the patients with abnormal anal cytology, 76.7% of patients in Group A received further biopsy and treatment, whereas 79.4% of Group B patients underwent subsequent biopsy and treatment. In propensity score weighting logistic regression analysis, the Group B was 4.6 times as likely to diagnosis HSIL on biopsy compared to Group A (OR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.15 to 18.38, P = .03). Conclusions Anal dysplasia is common among women living with HIV. The establishment of a HRA program was associated with increased identification and treatment of HSIL among women living with HIV, which may prevent the progression to aSCC.
The ASA Classification System as a Predictive Factor to Stay at the Virtual Hybrid Care Hotel
Authors: Chadha Ryan M. , Paulson Margaret R. , Avila Francisco R. , Torres-Guzman Ricardo A. , Maita Karla C. , Garcia John P. , Forte Antonio J. , Matcha Gautam V. , Pagan Ricardo J. , Maniaci Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction The Care Hotel is a virtual hybrid care model for postoperative patients after low-risk procedures which allow recovery in an outpatient environment. This study aimed to analyze if the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) Classification System can be used as a predictive factor for staying at Mayo Clinic’s Care Hotel. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted between July 23, 2020, and June 4, 2021, at Mayo Clinic in Florida, a 306-bed community academic hospital. ASA PS Class and post-procedure care setting (Care Hotel vs inpatient ward) were collected. Patients were classified into two ASA PS groups (ASA PS Classes 1-2 and 3-4). Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to determine if the ASA PS Class and having stayed or not at the Care Hotel were independent and an Odds Ratio (OR) calculated. Results Out of 392 surgical and procedural patients, 272 (69.39%) chose the Care Hotel and 120 (30.61%) chose the inpatient ward. There was a statistically significant association between ASA PS Class and staying at the Care Hotel, P < .01. The OR of preferring to stay at the Care Hotel in patients with ASA PS Class 1-2 vs ASA PC Class 3-4 was 1.91 ( P = .0041, 95% CI: 1.229-2.982) Conclusion Patients with ASA PS Classes 1-2 are almost twice as likely to elect to stay at the Care Hotel compared to those with ASA PS Classes 3-4. This finding may help care teams focus their Care hotel recruitment efforts.
Petrous Carotid Artery Thrombosis in an Immunocompromised Patient Presenting With Mastoiditis, A Case Report
Authors: Doyle Edward J. , McKeon Mallory , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The neurotologic literature commonly describes venous sinus thrombosis as a complication of mastoiditis. However, thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in the setting of mastoiditis is rarely described. We aim to document a case of carotid artery thrombosis in a patient presenting with mastoiditis. Methods: We describe this case and review relevant literature. Results: A renal transplant patient was transferred to our hospital with a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct due to acute mastoiditis. Examination demonstrated middle ear effusion and radiologic workup confirmed mastoid infection adjacent to the site of arterial thrombosis. During cortical mastoidectomy and facial recess approach to the middle ear, the petrous carotid bone was found to be dehiscent with pneumatization of the petrous apex. Thrombosis was found to resolve following surgery, IV antibiotics and anticoagulation. Clinically, his focal neurological deficits improved. Proximity of the infectious process to an exposed petrous carotid artery supports the hypothesis that this patient’s thrombus was a product of infectious spread and extra-luminal compression. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of MCA infarction due to petrous ICA arterial thrombus in the setting of mastoid infection. The patient’s immunocompromised state may have predisposed and contributed to the adverse outcome. We advocate for aggressive management of acute mastoiditis in the immunocompromised to prevent or manage complications (such as venous thrombophlebitis as well as ICA thrombus) as these patients don’t show typical signs of infection and inflammation.