bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hydrothermal sugarcane bagasse treatment for the production of xylooligosaccharides in different pressures
Authors: Monteiro Carla Roana M. , Rodrigues Luiz Gustavo G. , Cesca Karina , Poletto Patrícia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHydrothermal processing is an organic solvent‐free technology capable of solubilizing hemicellulose in oligomers of interest. This study evaluated the influence of pressure (2.5 and 10 MPa) on the release of the main components of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as reducing sugars, phenolic compounds and xylooligosaccharides (XOS) during hydrothermal treatment in a continuous flow mode for 30 min. The study carried out at 180°C showed that 85% of the sugar extraction capacity was reached after 15 min at both pressures. The evolution of pH, phenolic compounds released in the liquor and small changes in the lignocellulosic structure were also monitored and related to the effects of hydrothermal treatment. The xylose content was similar at both pressures (22 mg/g xylan), while the XOS (X2‐X6) yield was 87.5 and 111.4 mg/g xylan at 2.5 and 10 MPa, respectively. A mass balance was used to estimate that 6.76 kg of XOS could be produced from 100 kg of SCB treated at 180°C, 2.5 MPa, and 15 min.Practical ApplicationsSugarcane production generates a large amount of by‐products. The study aimed to use sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for the extraction of xylooligosaccharides through hydrothermal processing whose the influence of two pressures (2.5 and 10 MPa) in this process was evaluated. This process is an organic solvent‐free technology that establishes a sustainable strategy for the exploitation of this material. Residues (SCB) have great potential to be explored to prepare value‐added products in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Sex‐dependent responsiveness of hippocampal neurons to sex neurosteroids: A role of Arc/Arg3.1
Authors: Brökling Janina , Brunne Bianka , Rune Gabriele M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSex steroids, such as estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), regulate hippocampal plasticity and memory in a sex‐dependent manner. Because the activity‐regulated cytoskeleton protein Arc/Arg3.1 is essential for long‐term memory formation and synaptic plasticity, we investigated the expression of Arc/Arg3.1 with respect to its responsiveness to E2 and DHT in male and female hippocampal neurons. For the first time, we show that, in hippocampal neurons, Arc/Arg3.1 expression is sex‐dependently regulated by sex steroids. No difference in the expression between sexes was observed under control conditions. Using a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and quantitative immunoreactivity, upregulation of Arc/Arg3.1 protein expression was observed in specifically female hippocampal neurons after application of E2 to the cultures. Conversely, upregulation of Arc/Arg3.1 was seen in specifically male neurons after application of DHT. A quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that the sex‐dependency was most pronounced on the mRNA level. Most importantly, the effects of E2 in cultures of female animals were abolished when neuron‐derived E2 synthesis was inhibited. Our results point to a potentially important role of Arc/Arg3.1 regarding sex‐dependency in sex steroid‐induced synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
Characterization of pyraclostrobin‐resistant Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Ruan Hongchun , Tian Peiyu , Shi Niuniu , Du Yixin , Chen Furu , Chen Fengping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae in cultivated rice is a devastating fungal disease. The crop lost to rice blast is enough to feed more than 60 million people every year. At present, chemical control is still the primary measure to control rice blast. Pyraclostrobin is a methoxy acrylate fungicide, which has the characteristics of broad‐spectrum, high efficiency, environmental protection, and friendliness to non‐target organisms. Pyraclostrobin has been a good option for disease control in China. In this study, M. oryzae resistance to pyraclostrobin was evaluated. The pyraclostrobin‐resistant M. oryzae mutants were screened and the primary fitness parameters of resistant and sensitive strains were investigated. A total of nine pyraclostrobin‐resistant mutants were generated, which exhibited a mutation frequency of 3.46 × 10−4. The EC50 values of the mutants ranged from 2.2185 to 4.8946 μg/ml and resistant factors ranging from 467 to 4504. Biological character evaluations showed that all resistant mutants exhibited decreased fitness in mycelial growth rate, sporulation, and pathogenicity. Positive cross‐resistance was observed between pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin or picoxystrobin, but not between pyraclostrobin and propiconazole or carbendazim. Sequence analysis of the partial fragment in cytb gene showed that there were two different point mutations in the nine resistant mutants. Seven mutants had a point mutation at position 427 (G to A transition), resulting in the conversion of glycine to serine (G143S). Two other mutants had a point mutation at position 428 (G to C transversion), resulting in the conversion of glycine to alanine (G143A). This mutation site is the main mechanism that has been reported to cause high resistance to QoI fungicides. Therefore, the G143A and G143S mutations found in this study could be the main reason for the mutant resistant to pyraclostrobin.
Research and training priorities of staff supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities with or without autism
Authors: Simpson Kate , Adams Dawn , Manokara Vimallan , Malone Stephanie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch and training priority setting can help to direct limited resources to areas, which will have maximum benefit in improving the skills and knowledge of support workers to better meet the needs of their clients. Staff from a multi‐site organisation in Singapore that supports individuals with intellectual disability and/or autism completed a questionnaire identifying their research and training practices and priorities. Staff were asked to identify their access to training and research, and what they viewed as priorities in these areas. They also completed a Likert scale questionnaire on training and research priorities identified from previous research. Response rate was 27.8% (n = 82). Analyses found that staff were more likely to rely on training than research to inform their knowledge, with training in understanding and managing behaviours identified as a priority across the organisation. Staff identified interventions and supports for caregivers as a research priority. The consensus with previous research would suggest that there are training needs and research areas, which may inform global priorities for this population.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in a tertiary general hospital at Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Ohnmar Ohnmar , Hlaing Kyaw Phyo , Win Zin Nwe , Aung Yan Lynn , Tun Zin Phyu , Htay Kyawt Oo Kaythi , Thit Win Min , Umapathi Thirugnanam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to study the profile of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) patients admitted at Yangon General Hospital (YGH), Myanmar.MethodsPatients with flaccid quadriparesis due to GBS admitted to the Department of Neurology, YGH in 2019 were prospectively studied.ResultsNinety‐four GBS patients were recruited. Mean age was 36.2 years. Male to female ratio was 2.4:1. Patients were admitted 12.1 ± 14.8 days after disease onset. 46.8% were from outside the Yangon region. Peak incidence was in rainy season (47.9%). 62.8% reported symptoms suggestive of preceding infection: 45.7% unspecified fever, 3.2% upper respiratory infection, 8.5% diarrhea, and 5.3% fever with rash. 27.7% had bulbar and 44.7% had facial weakness. 5.3% had GBS/Miller Fisher syndrome overlap. Electrophysiologically, 50% were acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), 30% acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), and 20% acute motor‐sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN). Maximum disability was reached at 5.6 ± 4.78 days from onset. The plateau phase lasted 12.12 ± 14.27 days. 13.8% required ventilator support. 64.9% of patients received limited manual plasma exchange, 9.6% standard plasma exchange, 4.3% intravenous immunoglobulin and 21.3% no specific treatment. 79.8% had good clinical recovery at 4 weeks from inclusion. Mortality was 0%. Severity at admission was identified as the only poor recovery predictor.ConclusionGuillain‐Barré syndrome in a Yangon tertiary hospital peaked in rainy season and axonal GBS accounted for 50% cases. However, diarrhea was an uncommon antecedent. The good recovery was noted in 79.8% and largely predicted by severity of disease at admission.
Black nurses in action: A social movement to end racism and discrimination
Authors: Cooper Brathwaite Angela , Versailles Dania , Juüdi‐Hope Daria A. , Coppin Maurice , Jefferies Keisha , Bradley Renee , Campbell Racquel , Garraway Corsita T. , Obewu Ola A. T. , LaRonde‐Ogilvie Cheryl , Sinclair Dionne , Groom Brittany , Punia Harveer , Grinspun Doris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe bear witness to a sweeping social movement for change—fostered and driven by a powerful group of Black nurses and nursing students determined to call out and dismantle anti‐Black racism and discrimination within the profession of nursing. The Black Nurses Task Force, launched by the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) in July 2020, is building momentum for long‐standing change in the profession by critically examining the racist and discriminatory history of nursing, listening to and learning from the lived experiences of the Black nursing community, and shaping concrete, actionable steps to confront anti‐Black racism and discrimination in academic settings, workplaces, and nursing organizations. The Black Nurses Task Force and the RNAO are standing up and speaking out in acknowledgment of the magnitude of anti‐Black racism and discrimination that exist in our profession, health system, justice system, and economic system. This social movement is demonstrating, in actions, how individuals and a collective act as change agents to drive meaningful and widespread change for our present and future Black nurses. We also acknowledge the Black nurses who have gone before us.
Crataegus bretschneideri (Rosaceae), a separate species endemic to northeast China
Authors: Yu Li‐Yan , Wang Zhi‐He , Du Xiao , Dong Wen‐Xuan 
Published: January 2022

Crataegus bretschneideri has been considered a variety of Crataegus pinnatifida, but has also been proposed as a separate species. We used ITS and three cpDNA sequence fragments (psbA‐trnH, trnG‐trnS, trnH‐trnK) to perform maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and neighbor‐joining molecular phylogenetic analysis on 108 individuals of 19 hawthorn (Crataegus) species and 4 outgroups (Malus). The ITS, cpDNA and cpDNA‐ITS molecular phylogenetic trees constructed using 4 methods had similar consistency.In the cpDNA‐ITS tree, C. bretschneideri was resolved as an independent clade separated from Crataegus maximowiczii and C. pinnatifida. In the ITS (biparental inheritance) tree, C. bretschneideri and C. pinnatifida were resolved as closely related and only distantly related to C. maximowiczii. In contrast, the cpDNA (maternal inheritance) tree indicated that C. bretschneideri is closely related to C. maximowiczii but distantly related to C. pinnatifida. In total, 15 chloroplast haplotypes were revealed in the 108 Crataegus individuals, as determined by DNASP analysis. Of these, C. bretschneideri and C. maximowiczii share the same chloroplast haplotype, H1, while C. pinnatifida contains three haplotypes, H13–H15. Taken together with previous results, we confirm that C. bretschneideri is not a variety of C. pinnatifida, but a separate species that gradually developed from natural hybrid offspring in mixed forest areas with C. maximowiczii as the female parent and C. pinnatifida as the male parent.
Reconsidering digital labour: Bringing tech workers into the debate
Authors: Dorschel Robert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe digital labour debate has produced manifold insights into new forms of work emerging within digital capitalism. So far, though, most research has focused on highly precarious labourers, neglecting the growing ranks of affluent ‘tech workers’. I argue that this analytical oversight can be attributed to a narrow conceptualisation of digital labour. Thus, this article first proposes a broadening of the digital labour concept to encompass all work entangled with the digital economy. In a second step, I demonstrate the heuristic surplus of this theoretical broadening through a discussion of the empirical literature on tech workers. By bringing tech workers into the debate, I point to the cultural, technological and organisational relations between high and low‐paid digital labourers. Pursuing twin‐aims, the article combines a theoretical reconsideration of digital labour with an analytical discussion of the literature on tech workers to provide a more relational account of work and class in digital capitalism.
Feasibility and safety of left atrial access for ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Kantenwein Verena , Telishevska Marta , Bourier Felix , Kottmaier Marc , Brkic Amir , Risse Elena , Popa Miruna , Lengauer Sarah , Kolb Christof , Deisenhofer Isabel , Hessling Gabriele , Reents Tilko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) ablation procedures can be challenging. We sought to determine the feasibility and safety of left atrial ablations in patients with PLSVC, especially when PLSVC is unknown prior to the ablation procedure.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective analysis 15 adult patients (mean age 64.6 ± 14.5 years, 53.3% male) with PLSVC undergoing 27 ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation or left atrial flutter were included. In 5 (33.3%) patients PLSVC was only discovered during the procedure. Transseptal puncture (TSP) was declared “difficult” by the ablating physician in 13 of 27 (48.2%) procedures and was not successfully completed in the first attempt in two patients with known PLSVC. Once TSP was successfully completed, all relevant structures were reached both during mapping and ablation in all procedures independent of whether PLSVC was known prior to the procedure. One major complication (3.7%) occurred in 27 procedures in a patient with known PLSVC. In the patients with unknown PLSVC no complication occurred.ConclusionIn experienced hands, left atrial access and ablation in patients with PLSVC is feasible and safe, particularly with regard to patients in whom the PLSVC is unknown prior to the ablation procedure.
Optimization of aquaculture sustainability through ecological intensification in China
Authors: Dong Shuang‐lin , Dong Yun‐wei , Cao Ling , Verreth Johan , Olsen Yngvar , Liu Wen‐jing , Fang Qi‐zhi , Zhou Yan‐gen , Li Li , Li Jing‐yu , Mu Yong‐tong , Sorgeloos Patrick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the world's leading producer of farmed aquatic food products, China faces great uncertainty concerning the further sustainable development of its aquaculture industry due to high and increasing pressure from environmental and resource constraints. To realize truly sustainable development, it is imperative to establish an evaluation system that integrates social, economic, environmental and resource criteria, and optimizes aquaculture systems through a holistic approach. Here, we used analytical hierarchy processes combined with expert judgment and objective data to assess the sustainability of 10 major aquaculture production systems (APSs) in China. Based on the evaluation results, we propose the ecological intensification of aquaculture systems (ELIAS), rationally integrating anthropogenic inputs with aquaculture ecosystem services, to improve the sustainability of APSs. The holistic evaluation system and ELIAS are fundamental and critical for the future development of aquaculture in China and globally.
Systematics of Afrotropical Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) using mitochondrial phylogenomics
Authors: Mullens Nele , Sonet Gontran , Virgilio Massimiliano , Goergen Georg , Janssens Steven B. , De Meyer Marc , Jordaens Kurt 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe examined the phylogeny and intrageneric classification of eristaline hoverfly genera from the Afrotropical Region using mitochondrial genomes. Genome skimming was used to obtain (nearly) full mtDNA and nuclear rDNA (18S, 28S) genomes of 120 museum vouchers from eight genera and 98 species. Phylogenetic reconstructions of mitogenomes and mitogenomes + nuclear rDNA yielded comparable phylogenies while that of rDNA only resulted in poorly resolved phylogenies. Phylogenetic analyses focused on six genera and supported the monophyly of the genera Chasmomma Bezzi, Eristalinus Rondani, Mesembrius Rondani and Syritta Le Peletier & Serville, whereas Simoides Loew was not monophyletic and rendered Phytomia Guérin‐Méneville paraphyletic. We therefore synonymize Simoides with Phytomia. Within Chasmomma, two species‐groups that differ in the colour and the shape of the hind femora (Chasmomma femoratum and Chasmomma nigrum species‐groups) were supported. Within Eristalinus, the monophyly of the subgenera Merodonoides Curran and Eristalodes Mik was supported, but not of the subgenus Eristalinus Rondani. Within Syritta, the monophyly of three out of the five species‐groups tested was rejected. This approach illustrates the importance of integrative and iterative approaches in taxonomy and shows that genomic data may not only clarify the systematic relationships among hoverfly genera and species, but also offer perspectives into the evolution of morphological and ecological variation within the family.
Differentiating geographic movement described in text documents
Authors: Pezanowski Scott , MacEachren Alan M. , Mitra Prasenjit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding movement described in text documents is important, since text descriptions of movement contain a wealth of geographic and contextual information about the movement of people, wildlife, goods, and much more. Our research makes several contributions to improve our understanding of movement descriptions in text. First, we show how interpreting geographic movement described in text is challenging because of general spatial terms, linguistic constructions that make the thing(s) moving unclear, and many types of temporal references and groupings, among others. Next, as a step to overcome these challenges, we report on an experiment with human subjects through which we identify multiple important characteristics of movement descriptions (found in text) that humans use to differentiate one movement description from another. Based on our empirical results, we provide recommendations for computational analysis using movement described in text documents. Our findings contribute toward an improved understanding of the important characteristics of the underused information about geographic movement that is in the form of text descriptions.
Evaluation of cytomegalovirus “Blips” in high‐risk kidney/kidney‐pancreas transplant recipients
Authors: Payne Alexandra T. , Lindner Brian K. , Gilbert Alexander J. , Kumar Rebecca N. , Thomas Beje S. , Timpone Joseph G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation. While guidelines suggest using highly sensitive QNAT assays for CMV detection, there is no defined viral load to guide initiation of preemptive therapy. This study evaluates the progression to quantifiable CMV (DNAemia) following a CMV “blip” in high‐risk (D+/R) kidney/kidney‐pancreas (KP) transplant recipients.MethodsThis is a single center, retrospective study. A CMV “blip” was defined as the first positive QNAT assay below the level of quantification (<1.37 × 102 IU/ml or <200 viral copies). Subsequent CMV QNAT assays were followed to assess the progression from blip to CMV DNAemia for 1 year following transplant.ResultsA total of 134 patients were included in the study. Fifty‐three (39.6%) patients had their first positive CMV QNAT value below the level of quantification, a “CMV blip.” Of these 53 patients, 69.8% (n = 37) progressed to DNAemia while 30.2% (n = 16) did not. The median time from transplant to the first CMV blip was 68 (46–97) days and most patients with viral blips (71.1%) were on prophylaxis. No differences in patient characteristics were found among those who progressed from blip to DNAemia and those who only had a blip.ConclusionsIn CMV high‐risk kidney/KP transplant recipients, CMV blips progressed to CMV DNAemia in the majority of cases. This progression typically occurred 2–3 weeks following the initial blip. CMV blips are common early posttransplant despite prophylaxis and likely represent an early marker of CMV infection.
Incidence of anti‐D alloimmunization in D‐negative individuals receiving D‐positive red blood cell transfusion: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Yanli , Luo Guangping , Fu Yongshui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe transfusion of D‐negative red blood cells (RBCs) to D‐negative patients has been widely adopted to prevent anti‐D alloimmunization, especially in women of childbearing age. Still, transfusion of D‐positive RBCs to D‐negative recipients is occasionally inevitable in practice, and the resulting incidence of anti‐D in different D‐negative groups of patients has not been well summarized.Materials and MethodsWe searched the relevant literature using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases from inception date to 30 September 2021. We looked for studies of anti‐D occurring in D‐negative recipients who received D‐positive RBC transfusions. The anti‐D incidence was summarized with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data with similar characteristics were combined using a random‐effects model.ResultsAbout 42 studies (2226 cases), which found anti‐D, the exact volume of D‐positive RBC transfused, and the follow‐up time for anti‐D detection, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled anti‐D incidence was 64% (95% CI, range 55%–74%) in volunteers receiving small volumes of D‐positive RBCs, 84% (95% CI, 74%–94%) in those receiving whole units, 26% (95% CI, 19%–32%) in mixed patients, 12% (95% CI, 8%–16%) in oncology patients, 27% (95% CI, 13%–40%) in trauma patients, 4% (95% CI, 0%–8%) in immune‐compromised transplant patients, and 6% (95% CI, 1%–39%) in those with AIDS.ConclusionCompared with the high frequency of anti‐D in healthy D‐negative volunteers given D‐positive RBCs, we found a lower rate of anti‐D immunization in various D‐negative patients and almost none in transplant and AIDS patients.