bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entanglement island, miracle operators and the firewall
Authors: Qi Xiao-Liang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain some general results on information retrieval from the black hole interior, based on the recent progress on quantum extremal surface formula and entanglement island. We study an AdS black hole coupled to a bath with generic dynamics, and ask whether it is possible to retrieve information about a small perturbation in the interior from the bath system. We show that the one-norm distance between two reduced states in a bath region A is equal to the same quantity in the bulk quantum field theory for region AI where I is the entanglement island of A. This is a straightforward generalization of bulk-boundary correspondence in AdS/CFT. However, we show that a contradiction arises if we apply this result to a special situation when the bath dynamics includes a unitary operation that carries a particular measurement to a region A and send the result to another region W. Physically, the contradiction arises between transferability of classical information during the measurement, and non-transferability of quantum information which determines the entanglement island.We propose that the resolution of the contradiction is to realize that the state reconstruction formula does not apply to the special situation involving interior-information-retrieving measurements. This implies that the assumption of smooth replica AdS geometry with boundary condition set by the flat space bath has to break down when the particular measurement operator is applied to the bath. Using replica trick, we introduce an explicitly construction of such operator, which we name as “miracle operators”. From this construction we see that the smooth replica geometry assumption breaks down because we have to introduce extra replica wormholes connecting with the “simulated blackholes” introduced by the miracle operator. We study the implication of miracle operators in understanding the firewall paradox.
Effectiveness of supported housing versus residential care in severe mental illness: a multicenter, quasi-experimental study
Authors: Dehn Lorenz B. , Beblo Thomas , Richter Dirk , Wienberg Günther , Kremer Georg , Steinhart Ingmar , Driessen Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Up to now there are only few studies and no RCT comparing efficacy or effectiveness of supported housing (SH) versus residential care (RC) in severe mental illness (SMI) without homelessness. Here we present an observational follow-up study in SMI subjects, who entered SH or RC, to compare clinical and functional outcomes 2 years later.

Methods
In this prospective study in more than 30 locations throughout a German federal state, we included SMI subjects, who entered SH (n = 153) or RC (n = 104). About one quarter suffered from each substance use, psychotic, affective, or other disorders. To avoid sampling bias, we used the propensity score matching method to establish a quasi-experimental design. Outcome measures were social functioning (SFS), the number of psychiatric hospitalisations, psychopathology (SCL-9-K), and quality of life (MANSA). Apart from descriptive methods we analysed primarily using repeated-measures ANOVAS.

Results
Our analyses revealed significant effects of time for all outcomes in both study groups. However, there were not any group differences of outcome measures, i.e., not any significant effects of group or interactional effects of group x time. Moreover, these results hold true for intent-to-treat and per-protocol sample analyses.

Conclusion
The results show, that SH and RC for non-homeless people with SMI achieve the same clinical and psychosocial outcomes across a 2-year period. Taking into account the users’ preferences, the present findings should give reason to ensure the availability of affordable housing and to support the expansion of supported housing approaches.
Topology optimisation of turbulent flow using data-driven modelling
Authors: Hammond James , Pietropaoli Marco , Montomoli Francesco 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFluid topology optimisation has become a popular approach for optimisation of geometries in aero-thermal applications. However, one of the main limitations of current approaches considering turbulent flow is the fidelity of the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes models employed. In response, this paper shows the development of the first data-driven fluid topology optimisation technique based on the continuous adjoint method. The technique first extracts data from a high fidelity simulation of a standard topology-optimised geometry. These data are fed through a symbolic regression-based machine learning algorithm called gene expression programming, to learn an explicit model for the anisotropy tensor. The novel aspect of the work is the derivation of the adjoint form of the generalised explicit algebraic stress model such that the developed turbulence model can be inserted directly into the primal and adjoint system of equations. This allows a second, data-driven optimisation to be performed. Finally, a high fidelity simulation of the resulting geometry is also conducted to allow comparison against the standard geometry. The method is first applied to the back-facing step to verify the approach and then to a 2D u-bend configuration. The data-driven optimisation was able to find geometries exhibiting significant reductions in pressure loss when compared with results from the standard optimisation.
Practical metamodel-assisted multi-objective design optimization for improved sustainability and buildability of wind turbine foundations
Authors: Mathern Alexandre , Penadés-Plà Vicent , Armesto Barros Jesús , Yepes Víctor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, we study the potential of using kriging metamodelling to perform multi-objective structural design optimization using finite element analysis software and design standards while keeping the computational efforts low. A method is proposed, which includes sustainability and buildability objectives, and it is applied to a case study of reinforced concrete foundations for wind turbines based on data from a large Swedish wind farm project. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the influence of the penalty factor applied to unfeasible solutions and the size of the initial sample generated by Latin hypercube sampling. A multi-objective optimization is then performed to obtain the optimum designs for different weight combinations for the four objectives considered. Results show that the kriging-obtained designs from samples of 20 designs outperform the best designs in the samples of 1000 designs. The optimum designs obtained by the proposed method have a sustainability impact 8–15% lower than the designs developed by traditional methods.
Area of intrinsic graphs and coarea formula in Carnot groups
Authors: Julia Antoine , Nicolussi Golo Sebastiano , Vittone Davide 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider submanifolds of sub-Riemannian Carnot groups with intrinsic$$C^1$$C1regularity ($$C^1_H$$CH1). Our first main result is an area formula for$$C^1_H$$CH1intrinsic graphs; as an application, we deduce density properties for Hausdorff measures on rectifiable sets. Our second main result is a coarea formula for slicing$$C^1_H$$CH1submanifolds into level sets of a$$C^1_H$$CH1function.
Algebraic $$K\!$$-theory and Grothendieck–Witt theory of monoid schemes
Authors: Eberhardt Jens Niklas , Lorscheid Oliver , Young Matthew B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the algebraic $$K\!$$

K

-theory and Grothendieck–Witt theory of proto-exact categories of vector bundles over monoid schemes. Our main results are the complete description of the algebraic $$K\!$$

K

-theory space of an integral monoid scheme X in terms of its Picard group $${{\,\mathrm{Pic}\,}}(X)$$

Pic

(
X
)

and pointed monoid of regular functions $$\Gamma (X, {\mathcal {O}}_X)$$

Γ
(
X
,

O
X

)

and a complete description of the Grothendieck–Witt space of X in terms of an additional involution on $${{\,\mathrm{Pic}\,}}(X)$$

Pic

(
X
)

. We also prove space-level projective bundle formulae in both settings.
Melonic Large N Limit of 5-Index Irreducible Random Tensors
Authors: Carrozza Sylvain , Harribey Sabine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate that random tensors transforming under rank-5 irreducible representations of $$\mathrm {O}(N)$$

O
(
N
)

can support melonic large N expansions. Our construction is based on models with sextic (5-simplex) interaction, which generalize previously studied rank-3 models with quartic (tetrahedral) interaction (Benedetti et al. in Commun Math Phys 371:55, 2019. arXiv:1712.00249; Carrozza in JHEP 06:039, 2018. arXiv:1803.02496). Beyond the irreducible character of the representations, our proof relies on recursive bounds derived from a detailed combinatorial analysis of the Feynman graphs. Our results provide further evidence that the melonic limit is a universal feature of irreducible tensor models in arbitrary rank.
Unterstützung für Kinder und Jugendliche mit psychisch erkrankten Eltern im „Children of mentally ill parents –network“
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungKinder psychisch kranker Eltern sind als Risikogruppe für die Entwicklung eigener Auffälligkeiten bekannt. Gleichwohl weisen viele Unterstützungsangebote einen befristeten Projektcharakter auf, und es ist noch keine familienorientierte Regelversorgung für Kinder und Jugendliche mit psychisch erkrankten Eltern in Deutschland etabliert. Am Beispiel des Verbunds „Children of mentally ill parents – network“ (CHIMPS-NET) wird dargestellt, wie sich neue Versorgungsformen mit den Möglichkeiten des Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (GB-A) in die Versorgung implementieren lassen. Das systematische Implementierungsmodell des Verbunds, basierend auf Arbeiten aus Australien und Norwegen, wird vorgestellt. Nach der Implementierung und bei erfolgreicher Evaluation ist eine Übernahme der bedarfsorientierten, familienorientierten Versorgungsformen des Verbunds in die regelhafte Versorgung geplant.
Bioequivalence of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from foods enriched with a novel vegetable-based omega-3 delivery system compared to gel capsules: a randomized controlled cross-over acute trial
Authors: Stonehouse Welma , Klingner Bradley , Tso Rachel , Teo Pey Sze , Terefe Netsanet Shiferaw , Forde Ciarán G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate bioavailability of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from foods enriched with novel vegetable-based encapsulated algal oil across Australian and Singaporean populations.

Methods
27 men (n = 12 Australian European; n = 15 Singaporean Chinese), 21–50 yr; 18–27.5 kg/m2, with low habitual intake of omega-3 LCPUFA completed a multicentre randomised controlled acute 3-way cross-over single-blind trial. They consumed, in random order 1-week apart after an overnight fast, standard breakfast meals including 400 mg docosahexanoic acid (DHA) from either extruded rice snacks or soup both containing cauliflower-encapsulated HiDHA® algal oil or gel capsules containing HiDHA® algal oil. Blood samples for analysis of plasma DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were taken pre-meal and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h. Primary analyses comparing 24-h incremental area under the plasma DHA, EPA and DHA + EPA concentration (µg/ml) curves (iAUC0-24 h) between test foods were performed using linear mixed models by including ethnicity as an interaction term.

Results
Plasma iAUC0-24 h did not differ significantly between test foods (adjusted mean [95% CI] plasma DHA + EPA: extruded rice snack, 8391 [5550, 11233] µg/mL*hour; soup, 8862 [6021, 11704] µg/mL*hour; capsules, 11,068 [8226, 13910] µg/mL*hour, P = 0.31) and did not differ significantly between Australian European and Singaporean Chinese (treatment*ethnicity interaction, P = 0.43).

Conclusion
The vegetable-based omega-3 LCPUFA delivery system did not affect bioavailability of omega-3 LCPUFA in healthy young Australian and Singaporean men as assessed after a single meal over 24 h, nor was bioavailability affected by ethnicity. This novel delivery system may be an effective way to fortify foods/beverages with omega-3 LCPUFA.

Trial registration
The trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04610983), date of registration, 22 November 2020.
Management and outcome of prenatal absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Authors: Recker Florian , Weber Eva C. , Strizek Brigitte , Geipel Annegret , Berg Christoph , Gembruch Ulrich 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the outcome in fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) on ultrasound imaging.

Methods
A manual web scraping technique was utilized, where MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched along the combination with other relevant medical subject headings such as “absent pulmonary valve syndrome”, “prenatal APVS” and “APVS/outcome”. The observed outcomes encompassed the rate of chromosomal abnormalities, associations and malformations linked to APVS and fetuses with APVS. A quality assessment of the included studies was also performed. We used meta-analyses of proportions to combine data and fixed or random-effects models according to the heterogeneity of the results.

Results
Seven studies including 199 fetuses with APVS were included in the analysis. The median gestational age at referral to the tertiary center was 24.8 weeks. An association to tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) could be seen in 84.4% of all cases. In total 140 out of 199 cases underwent invasive testing, with a total number of 55 abnormal karyotypes [39.3% (95% CI 31.1–47.9%)]. 35.2% of the patients opted for termination of pregnancy (95% CI 28.5–42.3%).

Conclusion
The analysis underlines the distribution of fetuses with APVS, with 84.4% of cases presenting with TOF/APVS and only 12.6% having APVS/intact ventricular septum (IVS). Larger and more prospective study analyses is now needed, especially focusing on long-term follow-up periods of fetuses and children with APVS. Particularly as the postnatal course shows great variety depending on prenatal diagnosis.
Intracochlear electrode array position and cochlear implant outcomes using the nucleus slim modiolar electrode and the extended round window approach: a follow-up study
Authors: Klabbers Tim M. , Heutink Floris , Huinck Wendy J. , van der Woude Willem-Jan , Verbist Berit M. , Mylanus Emmanuel A. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intracochlear position of the Slim Modiolar Electrode (SME) after insertion via the extended Round Window (eRW) approach, and to correlate this with residual hearing preservation and speech perception outcomes.

Methods
Twenty-three adult participants, consecutively implanted with the SME via the eRW approach, were included in this prospective, single-center, observational study. Electrode position was evaluated intra-operatively using X-ray fluoroscopy and TIM measurement, and post-operatively using ultra-high resolution CT. Residual hearing [threshold shift in PTA between pre- and post-operative measurement, relative hearing preservation (RHP%)] and speech perception were evaluated at 2 and 12 months after surgery.

Results
In each of the 23 participants, complete scala tympani positioning of the electrode array could be achieved. In one participant, an initial tip fold-over was corrected during surgery. Average age at implantation was 63.3 years (SD 13.3, range 28–76) and mean preoperative residual hearing was 81.5 dB. The average post-operative PTA threshold shift was 16.2 dB (SD 10.8) at 2 months post-operatively, corresponding with a RHP% score of 44% (SD 34.9). At 12 months, the average RHP% score decreased to 37%. Postoperative phoneme scores improved from 27.1% preoperatively, to 72.1% and 82.1% at 2 and 12 months after surgery, respectively.

Conclusion
Use of the eRW approach results in an increased likelihood of complete scala tympani insertion when inserting the SME, with subsequent excellent levels of speech perception. However, residual hearing preservation was found to be moderate, possibly as a result of the extended round window approach, emphasizing that it is not an all-purpose approach for inserting this particular electrode array.
Quality control in cochlear implant therapy: clinical practice guidelines and registries in European countries
Authors: Loth A. , Vazzana C. , Leinung M. , Guderian D. , Issing C. , Baumann U. , Stöver T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The treatment with a cochlear implant (CI) is the gold standard in therapy of patients with profound hearing loss or deafness. Successful hearing rehabilitation with a CI is a complex, multi-stage process. In medicine, “Clinical Practice Guidelines” (CPG) are widely accepted for the standardization of such processes. These are supplemented by medical registries in which data regarding the treatment can be collected and evaluated. The aim of this paper is to identify currently existing CI-related CPGs and registries in Europe.

Methods
Between 01/2021 and 06/2021, 42 countries on the European continent, including the United Kingdom, Russia and Turkey, were screened using an internet search (search engine: Google) and a key word search in the Pubmed database. Search terms were the respective country name combined with the following terms: “Cochlear Implant”, “CI”, “Cochlear implant clinical practice guideline”, “CI Guideline”, “Cochlear Implant Registry”, “CI Registry”, “Ear nose throat society”. The internet search was conducted in English as well as in the corresponding national language. The objective was to identify a CI-related CPG or registry.

Results
A CPG was found in 16 of 42 (38%) countries. In terms of population, this accounts for 645 million out of 838 million people (77%). A registry existed in 4 of the 42 (10%) countries assessed. This corresponds to 102 million out of 838 million (12%) people. In total, 4 out of 42 countries (10%) had both a CPG and a registry.

Conclusion
Our work shows numerous efforts in Europe to standardize CI care at the national level. While most people in Europe already live in countries with a CPG, this is not the case for CI registries. European-wide consensus on CPGs or registries does not yet exist. The present study thus provides a first assessment of the distribution of CI-related CPGs and registries.
Dexamethasone to prevent kidney scarring in acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rius-Gordillo Neus , Ferré Natàlia , González Juan David , Ibars Zaira , Parada-Ricart Ester , Fraga Maria Gloria , Chocron Sara , Samper Manuel , Vicente Carmen , Fuertes Jordi , Escribano Joaquín ,   on behalf of the DEXCAR Study Group
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood and is associated with long-term complications. We aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant dexamethasone treatment on reducing kidney scarring after acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children.

Methods
Multicenter, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT) where children from 1 month to 14 years of age with proven APN were randomly assigned to receive a 3-day course of either an intravenous corticosteroid (dexamethasone 0.30 mg per kg/day) twice daily or placebo. The late technetium 99 m-dimercaptosuric acid scintigraphy (> 6 months after acute episode) was performed to assess kidney scar persistence. Kidney scarring risk factors (vesicoureteral reflux, kidney congenital anomalies, or urinary tract dilatation) were also assessed.

Results
Ninety-one participants completed the follow-up and were finally included (dexamethasone n = 49 and placebo n = 42). Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. Twenty participants showed persistent kidney scarring after > 6 months of follow-up without differences in incidence between groups (22% and 21% in the dexamethasone and placebo groups, p = 0.907). Renal damage severity in the early DMSA (β = 0.648, p = 0.023) and procalcitonin values (β = 0.065 p = 0.027) significantly modulated scar development. Vesicoureteral reflux grade showed a trend towards significance (β = 0.545, p = 0.054), but dexamethasone treatment showed no effect.

Conclusion
Dexamethasone showed no effect on reducing the risk of scar formation in children with APN. Hence, there is no evidence for an adjuvant corticosteroid treatment recommendation in children with APN. However, the study was limited by not achieving the predicted sample size and the expected scar formation.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02034851. Registered in January 14, 2014.

Graphical abstract
“A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.”
Desert truffle mycorrhizosphere harbors organic acid releasing plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria, essentially during the truffle fruiting season
Authors: Arenas Francisco , López-García Álvaro , Berná Luis Miguel , Morte Asunción , Navarro-Ródenas Alfonso 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDesert truffle is becoming a new crop in semiarid areas. Climatic parameters and the presence of microorganisms influence the host plant physiology and alter desert truffle production. Desert truffle plants present a typical summer deciduous plant phenology divided into four stages: summer dormancy, autumn bud break, winter photosynthetic activity, and spring fruiting. We hypothesize that the bacterial community associated with desert truffle plants will show a seasonal trend linked to their plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) traits. This information will provide us with a better understanding about its potential role in this symbiosis and possible management implementations. Bacteria were isolated from root-adhering soil at the four described seasons. A total of 417 isolated bacteria were phenotypically and biochemically characterized and gathered by molecular analysis into 68 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). They were further characterized for PGPR traits such as indole acetic acid production, siderophore production, calcium phosphate solubilization, and ACCD (1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxilatedeaminase) activity. These PGPR traits were used to infer functional PGPR diversity and cultivable bacterial OTU composition at different phenological moments. The different seasons induced shifts in the OTU composition linked to their PGPR traits. Summer was the phenological stage with the lowest microbial diversity and PGPR functions, whereas spring was the most active one. Among the PGPR traits analyzed, P-solubilizing rhizobacteria were harbored in the mycorrhizosphere during desert truffle fruiting in spring.
Detection of impurities in dietary supplements containing l-tryptophan
Authors: Karakawa Sachise , Nakayama Akira , Ohtsuka Naoto , Sato Katsuma , Smriga Miro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImpurities in nine dietary supplements containing l-tryptophan were evaluated using an HPLC methodology. In five tested products, the total impurities were higher than the thresholds described in the Food Chemical Codex or implemented in the EU for pharmaceutical grade l-tryptophan. In addition, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to specifically test for the presence of 1,1′-ethylidenebis-l-tryptophan (EBT). None of the tested products contained detectable amounts of EBT. High amounts of unidentified impurities in some dietary supplements point to potential health risks.