bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ionic Strength on the Assembly of Simian Vacuolating Virus Capsid Protein Around Poly(Styrene Sulfonate)
Authors: Asor Roi , Singaram Surendra W. , Levi-Kalisman Yael , Hagan Michael F. , Raviv Uri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVirus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious nanocapsules that can be used for drug delivery or vaccine applications. VLPs can be assembled from virus capsid proteins around a condensing agent like RNA, DNA, or a charged polymer. Electrostatic interactions play an important role in the assembly reaction. VLPs assemble from many copies of capsid protein, with combinatorial intermediates, and therefore the mechanism of the reaction is poorly understood. In this paper, we determined the effect of ionic strength on the assembly of Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 (SV40)-like particles. We mixed poly(styrene sulfonate) with SV40 capsid protein pentamers at different ionic strengths. We then characterized the assembly product by solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cryo-TEM. To analyze the data, we performed Brownian dynamics simulations using a coarse-grained model that revealed incomplete, asymmetric VLP structures that were consistent with the experimental data. We found that close to physiological ionic strength, T=1 VLPs coexisted with VP1 pentamers. At lower or higher ionic strengths, incomplete particles coexisted with pentamers and T=1 particles. Including the simulation, structures were essential to explaining the SAXS data.
T Cell Deficiency Precipitates Antibody Evasion and Emergence of Neurovirulent Polyomavirus
Authors: Lauver Matthew D. , Jin Ge , Ayers Katelyn N. , Carey Sarah N. , Specht Charles S. , Abendroth Catherine S. , Lukacher Aron E. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryJC polyomavirus (JCPyV) causes Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease in T cell immunosuppressed patients. PML patients often carry mutations in the JCPyV VP1 capsid protein. These mutations confer resistance to neutralizing VP1 antibodies (Ab). We found that T cell insufficiency during persistent infection, in the setting of monospecific VP1 Ab, was required for outgrowth of VP1 Ab-escape viral variants. CD4 T cells were primarily responsible for preventing resurgent virus infection in the kidney and checking emergence of these mutant viruses. T cells also provided a second line of defense against Ab-escape VP1 mutant viruses. A virus with two capsid mutations, one conferring Ab-escape yet impaired infectivity and a second compensatory mutation, yielded a highly neurovirulent variant. These findings link T cell deficiency and evolution of Ab-escape polyomavirus VP1 variants with neuropathogenicity.
Dissociable default-mode subnetworks subserve childhood attention and cognitive flexibility: evidence from deep learning and stereotaxic electroencephalography
Authors: Warsi Nebras M. , Wong Simeon M. , Germann Jürgen , Boutet Alexandre , Arski Olivia N. , Anderson Ryan , Erdman Lauren , Yan Han , Suresh Hrishikesh , Gouveia Flavia Venetucci , Loh Aaron , Elias Gavin J. B. , Kerr Elizabeth , Smith Mary Lou , Ochi Ayako , Otsubo Hiroshi , Sharma Roy , Jain Puneet , Donner Elizabeth , Lozano Andres M. , Snead O. Carter , Ibrahim George M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCognitive flexibility encompasses the ability to efficiently shift focus and forms a critical component of goal-directed attention. The neural substrates of this process are incompletely understood in part due to difficulties in sampling the involved circuitry.MethodsStereotactic intracranial recordings that permit direct resolution of local-field potentials from otherwise inaccessible structures were employed to study moment-to-moment attentional activity in children with epilepsy during the performance of an attentional set-shifting task. A combined deep learning and model-agnostic feature explanation approach was used to analyze these data and decode attentionally-relevant neural features. Connectomic profiling of highly predictive attentional nodes was further employed to examine task-related engagement of large-scale functional networks.ResultsThrough this approach, we show that beta/gamma power within executive control, salience, and default mode networks accurately predicts single-trial attentional performance. Connectomic profiling reveals that key attentional nodes exclusively recruit dorsal default mode subsystems during attentional shifts.ConclusionsThe identification of distinct substreams within the default mode system supports a key role for this network in cognitive flexibility and attention in children. Furthermore, convergence of our results onto consistent functional networks despite significant inter-subject variability in electrode implantations supports a broader role for deep learning applied to intracranial electrodes in the study of human attention.FundingNo funds supported this specific investigation. Awards and grants supporting authors include: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Vanier Scholarship (NMW, HY); CIHR Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship Doctoral Award (SMW); CIHR Canada Graduate Scholarship Master’s Award (ONA); and a CIHR project grant (GMI).
Stable iPSC-derived NKX2-1+ Lung Bud Tip Progenitor Organoids Give Rise to Airway and Alveolar Cell Types
Authors: Hein Renee F.C. , Conchola Ansley S. , Fine Alexis , Xiao Zhiwei , Frum Tristan , Childs Charlie J. , Tsai Yu-Hwai , Holloway Emily M. , Huang Sha , Mahoney John , Spence Jason R. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBud tip progenitors (BTPs) in the developing lung give rise to all epithelial cell types found in the airways and alveoli. The current work aimed to develop an iPSC organoid model enriched with stable NKX2-1+ BTP-like cells. Building on prior work, we optimized a directed differentiation paradigm to generate spheroids with robust NKX2-1 expression. Spheroids were expanded into organoids that possessed NKX2-1+/CPM+ BTP-like cells, which increased in number over time. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a high degree of transcriptional similarity between induced BTPs (iBTPs) and in vivo BTPs. Using FACS, iBTPs can be purified and expanded as induced bud tip organoids (iBTO), which maintain an enriched population of bud tip progenitors. When iBTOs are directed to differentiate into airway or alveolar cell types using well-established methods, they give rise to organoids composed of organized airway or alveolar epithelium, respectively. Collectively, iBTOs are transcriptionally and functionally similar to in vivo BTPs, providing an important model to study human lung development and differentiation.SUMMARY STATEMENTiPSC-derived lung bud tip progenitors emerge in organoid culture, can be isolated and expanded, are transcriptionally similar to primary bud tip progenitors, and can differentiate into airway or alveolar organoids.
Development and optimization of a Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated gene editing system to improve Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat
Authors: Chen Hui , Su Zhenqi , Tian Bin , Liu Yang , Pang Yuhui , Kavetskyi Volodymyr , Trick Harold N. , Bai Guihua 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTFusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in wheat that causes million dollars of wheat yield losses annually in the U.S.A. Recently we demonstrated that wheat carry FHB susceptible genes and knocking out the susceptible gene increased FHB resistance, which suggests that manipulating susceptible genes using gene editing may open a new avenue to create new sources of FHB resistance. However, wheat genome editing uses gene transformation to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 and gRNA into plants, and most wheat genotypes are not suitable for transformation due to low rates of callus induction and regeneration, therefore it cannot be used in practical wheat breeding. In this study, we developed a new Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated gRNA delivery system that does not need the gene transformation and tissue culture and it can be used in any genotypes for gene function validation and editing. We used this system edited the susceptible allele of Fhb1, a major FHB resistance gene. We demonstrated that the edited trait is heritable in different genetic backgrounds and knocking out Fhb1 susceptible allele improved FHB resistance in wheat. We also modified system to improve editing efficiency by using floral dip agroinfiltration and adding RNA mobility sequences to the gRNA in the viral vectors. We believe this work will facilitate wheat FHB resistance research and gene editing in cereal crops and will benefit cereal crop researchers and breeders worldwide.
A Combined Human Gastruloid Model of Cardiogenesis and Neurogenesis
Authors: Olmsted Zachary T. , Paluh Janet L. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYMulti-lineage development from gastruloids is enabling unprecedented opportunities to model and study human embryonic processes and is expected to accelerate ex vivo strategies in organ development. Reproducing human cardiogenesis with neurogenesis in a multi-lineage context remains challenging, requiring spatiotemporal input of paracrine and mechanical cues. Here we extend elongating multi-lineage organized (EMLO) gastruloids to include cardiogenesis (EMLOC) and describe interconnected neuro-cardiac lineages in a single gastruloid model. Contractile EMLOCs recapitulate numerous interlinked developmental features including heart tube formation and specialization, cardiomyocyte differentiation and remodeling phases, epicardium, ventricular wall morphogenesis, chamber-like structures and formation of a putative outflow tract. The EMLOC cardiac region, which originates anterior to gut tube primordium, is progressively populated by neurons in a spatial pattern mirroring the known distribution of neurons in the innervated human heart. This human EMLOC model represents the first multi-lineage advancement for the study of coincident neurogenesis and cardiogenesis.
Generation of PRKN and PINK1-KO and double KO cell lines from healthy induced pluripotent stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 editing
Authors: Chen Carol X.-Q. , You Zhipeng , Abdian Narges , Sirois Julien , Shlaifer Irina , Tabatabaei Mahdieh , Boivin Marie-Noëlle , Gaborieau Lydiane , Karamchandani Jason , Beitel Lenore K. , Fon Edward A. , Durcan Thomas M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutosomal recessive mutations in either PRKN or PINK1 are associated with early-onset Parkinson’s disease. The corresponding proteins, PRKN, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the mitochondrial serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1 play a role in mitochondrial quality control. Using CRISPR/CAS9 technology we generated three human iPSC lines from the well characterized AIW002-02 control line. These isogenic iPSCs contain homozygous knockouts of PRKN (PRKN-KO, CBIGi001-A-1), PINK1 (PINK1-KO, CBIGi001-A-2) or both PINK1 and PRKN (PINK1-KO/PRKN-KO, CBIGi001-A-3). The knockout lines display normal karyotypes, express pluripotency markers and upon differentiation into relevant brain cells or midbrain organoids may be valuable tools to model Parkinson’s disease.
Active site mutations in the bacterial actin homolog FtsA impair direct interactions with the divisome in Escherichia coli
Authors: Morrison Josiah J. , Ferreira Colby N. , Siler Evelyn M. , Nelson Katie , Trebino Catherine E. , Piraino Benjamin , Camberg Jodi L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDuring cell division in Escherichia coli, the highly conserved tubulin homolog FtsZ polymerizes and assembles into a ring-like structure, called the Z-ring, at the site of septation early in the division pathway. For recruitment to the membrane surface, FtsZ polymers directly interact with membrane-associated proteins. In E. coli, membrane recruitment and tethering of FtsZ are predominantly carried out by FtsA. FtsA shares structural homology with actin and, like actin, hydrolyzes ATP. Yeast actin detects nucleotide occupancy through a sensor region adjacent to the nucleotide binding site and adopts distinct conformations in monomeric and filamentous actin. Accordingly, bacterial actin homologs also display considerable conformational flexibility across different nucleotide-bound states and adopt a polymerized conformation. Here, we show that a cluster of amino acid residues in the central region of FtsA and proximal to the nucleotide binding site are critical for FtsA function in vitro and in vivo. Each of these residues are important for ATP hydrolysis, phospholipid (PL) binding, ATP-dependent vesicle remodeling, and recruitment to the divisome in vivo, to varying degrees. Notably, we observed that Ser 84 and Glu 14 are essential for ATP-dependent vesicle remodeling and magnesium-dependent membrane release of FtsA from vesicles in vitro, and these defects likely underlie the loss of function by FtsA(E14R) and FtsA(S84L) in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that FtsA(A188V), which is associated with temperature-sensitive growth in vivo, is defective for rapid ATP hydrolysis and ATP-dependent remodeling of PL vesicles in vitro. Together, our results show that loss of nucleotide-dependent activities by FtsA, such as ATP hydrolysis, ATP-dependent PL vesicle remodeling, and membrane release, lead to failed Z-ring assembly and division defects in cells.
Schlieren imaging investigation on azimuthally varying shock net from four-lobed corrugated nozzle
Authors: K.G. Kriparaj , V. Paul Roy , P.S. Tide , N. Biju 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct an experimental investigation on the shock cell structure of jets emanating from a four-lobed corrugated nozzle using Schlieren imaging technique.

Design/methodology/approach
The Schlieren images were captured for seven different nozzle pressure ratios (NPR = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and compared with the shock cell structure of a round nozzle with an identical exit area. The variation in the length of the shock cell, width of boundary interaction between adjacent shock cells, maximum width of first shock cell, Mach disk position and diameter for different NPR was measured from the Schlieren images and analysed.

Findings
A three-layer shock net observed in the jet emanating from the four-lobed corrugated nozzle is a novel concept in the field of under-expanded jet flows. A shock net represents interconnected layers of shock cells developed because of the interaction between the core and peripheral shock waves in a jet emanating from a corrugated lobed nozzle. Also, the pattern of shock net is different while taking Schlieren images across the groove and lobe sections. Thus, the shock net emerging from a corrugated lobed nozzle varies azimuthally and primarily depends on the nozzle exit cross section. The length of the shock cell, width of boundary interaction between adjacent shock cells, maximum width of first cell, Mach disk position and diameter were found to exhibit increasing trend with NPR.

Originality/value
A novel concept of interconnected layers of shock waves defined as “shock net” developed from a single jet emanating from a four-lobed corrugated nozzle was observed.
Identifying the information behavior in competitive intelligence process: a paradigm model for medical sciences universities
Authors: Oraee Narges 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and design a paradigm model for universities' information acquisition behavior in competitive intelligence process.Design/methodology/approachThe sampling has been conducted in two stages. First, purposive sampling has been done among Iranian universities of medical sciences. Second, 20 university staff members were selected using the snowball method. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe purpose of acquiring information in competitive intelligence process is to meet organizational and individual information needs in active and passive ways. The characteristics of information acquisition and how to acquire it are varied. Enablers include the information sources, individual, organizational characteristics and environmental pressures. Barriers are individual, organizational, environmental factors. The consequences of information acquisition are success, failure and partial success. Accordingly, a paradigm model of information behavior has been designed.Originality/valueThis is the first study to identify information behavior of universities in competitive intelligence process. In addition to why and how to acquire information, this study also looks at facilitators and barriers factors.
Relationship outcomes following a service failure: the role of agent likability
Authors: Radu Alexandru , Quach Sara , Thaichon Park , Surachartkumtonkun Jiraporn , Weaven Scott 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effects of likeability of service agents on perceived justice and reconciliation and retaliation as consequences of service failures, taking into consideration the conflict resolution styles that is showing empathy and issuing an apology.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was administered to 630 residents in the United States. The participants were US residents, had experienced a service failure in the prior six months and had complained either in person or by phone call.FindingsIt was found that likeability had a positive effect on both reconciliation and retaliation. Given the likeability of the service agent, interactional justice mitigated retaliation, whereas distributive justice enhanced reconciliation. Furthermore, when a service agent displays a high level of empathy and apology, the positive effect of likeability on distributive justice is intensified.Originality/valueThis study extends the current knowledge concerning the effects of likeability in service recovery by offering a comprehensive framework and practical implications for managers to restore business relationships following a service failure.
Contested identities, contested building: planning for a glocal future
Authors: Shelby Jennifer , Lindsay Georgia , Derr Claire 
Published: February 2022

PurposeIconic buildings, especially museums, are often enrolled in creating an identity for cities, yet cities and museums have been sometimes uneasy partners in using architecture to shape city identity. This paper examines the negotiations of place identity amid the conflicting influences of global design trends and local cultural nostalgia through the case of a single development in Aspen, Colorado.Design/methodology/approachIn this case study, using discourse analysis and grounded theory methods, the authors analyzed interviews, planning documents and critical opinions in the press to reveal the ways in which complex identities and contradictory planning directives shape a single building in a hyper-glocal Western town.FindingsThis analysis presents a place with complex and at times conflicting identities: residents have intense local concerns in parallel with global allegiances. The Aspen Art Museum building by Shigeru Ban similarly reflects a complex and contradictory identity with its bold design which confronted notions of local identity expressed in the built environment. Despite engaged citizenry and carefully crafted planning directives, the resulting design did not reflect locally produced culture but instead revealed the influence of international capital in the urban fabric.Originality/valueThis study examines the tension between hyper-local concerns and international status enacted on a single site in a small yet metropolitan place in the American West offering insights regarding the emplacement of buildings and the subsequent impacts on a place. As cities and institutions move beyond placeless iconic architecture, architecture and urban planning practice will need to adapt to the new paradigm where buildings can be at once global yet also local, drawing on innovative design practices and local culture in the construction of place.
Enhancing mechanical and antibacterial performances of organic cotton materials with greenly synthesized colored silver nanoparticles
Authors: Hasan K. M. Faridul , Wang Haona , Mahmud Sakil , Islam Ashraful , Habib Md. Ahsan , Genyang Cao 
Published: February 2022

PurposeFunctionalization of organic cotton fabrics (OCFs) by in situ deposition of chitosan reduced-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). No other toxic chemicals used to warrant an ecofriendly synthesis protocol. Human toxicity of silver systematically avoided to use as textile clothing. Primary colors (nearly-red, yellow and blue) were imparted on OCFs via localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AgNPs. Decent mechanical properties and laundering durability in terms of antibacterial/fastness test improved mechanical properties.Design/methodology/approachSilver nanoparticles can be synthesized by using silver nitrate along with commercially available chitosan. Due to the surface LSPR property of silver nanoparticles, it exhibits versatile colors depending on the synthesizing procedures. The coloration occurs due to the electrostatic interaction between the AgNPs and chitosan-treated OCF. The nanotreated fabrics provide excellent mechanical properties with improved antibacterial effects.FindingsX-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis quantifies the developed materials in the substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization indicates the appearance and morphologies of silver nanoparticles into the fabric surface after the coloration process. It proves that the treated cotton knit fabric exhibits the LSPR optical features of AgNPs. The antibacterial and mechanical properties confirm the improved functionality of products.Originality/valueImproved mechanical properties, antibacterial performances and coloration effects on organic cotton substrates in terms of chitosan-mediated nanosilver are not yet studied.
Empowering leadership and behavioural support for change: the moderating role of a diverse climate
Authors: Sukoco Badri Munir , Choirunnisa Zuyyinna , Mudzakkir Mohammad Fakhruddin , Susanto Ely , Nasution Reza Ashari , Widianto Sunu , Fauzi Anas Miftah , Wu Wann-Yih 
Published: February 2022

PurposeMembers' behaviour to support change is a critical factor in organisational change. Building on social cognitive theory, this research investigates how empowering leadership (EL) contributes to behavioural support for change in higher education. The paper argues that the relationship between EL and behavioural support for change is moderated by diversity climate.Design/methodology/approachTo test the hypotheses, 107 colleges from the highest-ranking 11 universities in Indonesia, consisting of 1,634 faculties, participated in this study.FindingsMembers would experience higher support for change with EL. Furthermore, the positive relationship between EL and behavioural support for change was stronger in members who perceived a more diverse climate.Originality/valueThis study empirically tested how behaviour to support change was determined by leaders' empowering behaviour based on social cognitive theory in a high-power distance culture. In terms of its methodological contributions, this study used a multi-level analysis in order to test EL. Finally, the research on behavioural support for change has been expanded upon through a unit-level analysis.