bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The salience of choice reduces social responsibility: evidence from lab experiments and compliance with COVID-19 stay-at-home orders
Authors: Wang Yan , Savani Krishna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The tension between self-interest and the collective good is fundamental to human societies. We propose that the idea of choice is a key lever that nudges people to act in a self-interested manner because it leads people to value independence. Making one inconsequential choice at the beginning of an incentive-compatible lab experiment made people 41% more likely to choose a monetary allocation that maximized their own payoff while minimizing the total payoff of their group (Studies 1A and 1B). The next two studies featured seven-participant experimental markets in which sellers decided whether to produce conventional goods (which imposed costs on others) or socially responsible goods (which did not impose any costs), and buyers decided which goods to purchase. In markets in which members made a single inconsequential choice, the market share of the socially responsible good was reduced by a factor of 34% (Studies 2A and 2B). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, framing socially responsible actions as choices increased people’s willingness to hoard and violate social distancing rules (Study 3). Highlighting the idea of choice reduced people’s desire to engage in corporate social responsibility, and this effect was mediated by an increased emphasis on independence (Study 4). Finally, using cell phone location data, an archival study found that in states in which people were more likely to search for choice-related words on the internet in 2019, residents were more likely to leave their homes following a stay-at-home order, after controlling for state-level income, education, diversity, population density, and political orientation (Study 5).
Soft dipole resonance in neutron-rich 8He
Authors: Myo Takayuki , Odsuren Myagmarjav , Katō Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In neutron-rich 8He, we study the soft dipole resonance, which is regarded as a dipole oscillation of four valence neutrons against the 4He core, and its effect on the low-energy electric dipole strength with a 4He+n+n+n+n five-body cluster model. This work is an extended study of an earlier letter [T. Myo and K. Katō, Phys. Rev. C 106, L021302 (2022)]. The five-body unbound 1− states of 8He are obtained with complex-energy eigenvalues by using the complex scaling method and the dipole strength is calculated in terms of the complex-scaled Green’s function. Two kinds of dominant excitation modes are confirmed in the dipole strength below 20 MeV of the excitation energy. The strengths below 10 MeV are exhausted by the 7He+n channel, which sequentially decays to 6He+n+n. Above 10 MeV, the strengths arise from the soft dipole mode of four neutrons (4n) oscillating against the 4He core. We further explore the possibility of the soft dipole resonance for this state by carefully searching for the resonance pole and finally predict the corresponding resonance with the excitation energy of 14 MeV and the decay width of 21 MeV. The soft dipole resonance exhausts about half of the dipole strength in the relative motion between the 4He core and 4n.
Rethinking the Supreme Court’s Impact on American Federalism and Centralization
Authors: Dichio Michael A , Somin Ilya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article challenges the conventional wisdom about of the Supreme Court’s impact on federalism and centralization. In particular, we argue that the centralization impact of the Court is far less pronounced if decisions that uphold federal and state/local laws against challenge are classified as neutral rather than as centralizing and decentralizing, respectively. This reclassification dramatically alters our understanding of the Court’s role in establishing federal–state boundaries of power. After presenting our theoretical arguments, we briefly discuss the potential empirical effects of these revisions. Our analysis calls into question the traditional picture of the Court as a consistent force for centralization. It also challenges the conventional wisdom about the Court’s impact on centralization during specific key periods of American history.
Challenges and Insights From Treating Psychotic Disorders During COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Gadelha Ary , Cerqueira Raphael de O , Mari Jair , Ziebold Carolina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic mainly affected the most vulnerable individuals. Among those, patients with schizophrenia especially suffered from unexpected changes in their routines, barriers to treatment, and distress-related events. We conducted a narrative review using all available sources of information to describe the challenges faced by schizophrenia patients and their families in Brazil, including the strategies that have been adopted to tackle them. In addition, we analyzed public data on antipsychotic prescriptions and hospitalizations. It was found that digital prescriptions with extended expiration dates implemented during the pandemic in Brazil allowed patients to maintain their access to antipsychotics. Hospitalizations among patients with schizophrenia, schizotypal, and schizoaffective disorders decreased at the beginning of the pandemic. Nevertheless, in the following months, the admissions returned to a trend similar to the prepandemic period. The systematization of online resources will be one of the main legacies to mental health care, including schizophrenia. We believe one of the main limitations of the policies adopted was the decision to not prioritize COVID-19 vaccination in patients with severe psychiatric disorders, despite preliminary evidence of a higher risk of complications in this group. The coronavirus pandemic is still ongoing and a longer time will be required to have a better perspective of its effects, but we expect this record of challenges and insights about the lessons learned during the pandemic can help healthcare professionals to face similar situations in the future.
Predictors of Treatment Completion in an Inpatient Substance Use Treatment Service in India
Authors: Ghosh Abhishek , Sharma Nidhi , Noble Dalton , Basu Debasish , Mattoo S.K. , Nanjayaya Subodh B. , Pillai R.R. , Kaur Simranjit 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Treatment completion is associated with a better outcome in substance use disorders. We examined the rates of treatment completion and its predictors in patients admitted to specialized addiction treatment settings over a 13-year period.

Methods
Ours was a retrospective cohort study. We included consecutive 2850 patients admitted to the inpatient treatment between January 2007 and December 2019. We divided the patients into 2 groups: completed versus premature discontinuation of treatment. The predictor variables were based on previous research, clinical experience, and availability of the digital record.

Results
The number of patients who completed and discontinued treatments was 1873 (72.6%) and 707 (27.4%), respectively. The inpatient treatment discontinuation rate varied widely during the study period (18% in 2007 and 41% in 2012). The average rate of treatment discontinuation was 27%. The change-point analysis showed 5 statistically significant change points in the years 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. Patients who were prescribed medications for alcohol and opioid dependence and those who were on opioid agonist treatment had 4.7 and 6.3 higher odds of completing inpatient treatment than those who were not on medication. Patients with physical and psychiatric comorbidities had higher odds of treatment completion. Patients with a primary diagnosis of opioid dependence had lower odds of treatment completion than those with alcohol dependence.

Conclusions
The rates of discontinuation may vary with concurrent changes in the treatment policies. Awareness of the risk factors and policy measures that may improve treatment completion must aid in informed decision making.
Differences in Self-identification of Opioid Overdose Risk and Naloxone Perceptions Between Therapeutic and Nontherapeutic Opioid Populations
Authors: Ellis Matthew S. , Kasper Zachary A. , Gold Mark , Cicero Theodore J. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Efforts to improve low naloxone uptake to mitigate the current opioid crisis have included coprescribing naloxone with opioid medications and, more recently, expansion through over-the-counter availability, the latter of which necessitates self-identification of overdose risk by consumers. This study sought to understand perceptions of opioid overdose risk and naloxone among distinct opioid populations at elevated risk for overdose.

Methods
A cross-sectional, online survey was provided to 2 opioid populations in June 2020. First, chronic pain opioid managed (CPOM; n = 190) individuals currently treated with an opioid prescription (either >50 daily morphine milligram equivalents [73.2%] or benzodiazepine co-use [52.6%]), restricted by confounders. Second, individuals with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD; n = 152) previously participating in a national opioid surveillance study of new entrants to substance use treatment centers.

Results
Risk perceptions significantly differed, with 60.0% (CPOM) versus 28.9% (OUD) reporting that they were “not at all concerned about overdosing,” and 62.1% (CPOM) versus 19.1% (OUD) perceiving themselves as having “no risk” of overdose. Perceived need for naloxone was lower among CPOM versus OUD patients (48.3% and 71.8%, respectively), whereas 22.6% and 35.0%, respectively, indicated any likelihood of obtaining naloxone in the future.

Conclusions
Results suggest that a significant proportion of both samples lacked the ability to self-identify their risk of overdose and self-select themselves as needing naloxone, with gaps being more prominent in the CPOM sample. A multi-intervention framework that addresses distinct pathways of behavioral change between unique opioid populations should be considered in conversations surrounding potential transitions to over-the-counter naloxone.
The Frequency of Common Deafness-Associated Variants Among 3,555,336 Newborns in China and 141,456 Individuals Across Seven Populations Worldwide
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Wang Hongyang , Yan Chengbin , Guan Jing , Yin Linwei , Lan Lan , Li Jin , Zhao Lijian , Wang Qiuju 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
Genetic screening can benefit early detection and intervention for hearing loss. The frequency of common deafness-associated variants in general populations is highly important for genetic screening and genetic counseling tailored to different ethnic backgrounds. We aimed to analyze the frequency of common deafness-associated variants in a large population-based Chinese newborn cohort and to explore the population-specific features in diverse populations worldwide.

Design:
This population-based cohort study analyzed the frequency of common deafness-associated variants in 3,555,336 newborns in the Chinese Newborn Concurrent Hearing and Genetic Screening cohort. Participants were newborn infants born between January 2007 and September 2020. Limited genetic screening for 20 variants in 4 common deafness-associated genes and newborn hearing screening were offered concurrently to all newborns in the Chinese Newborn Concurrent Hearing and Genetic Screening cohort. Sequence information of 141,456 individuals was also analyzed from seven ethnic populations from the Genome Aggregation Database for 20 common deafness-related variants. Statistical analysis was performed using R.

Results:
A total of 3,555,326 Chinese neonates completed the Newborn Concurrent Hearing and Genetic Screening were included for analysis. We reported the distinct landscape of common deafness-associated variants in this large population-based cohort. We found that the carrier frequencies of GJB2, SLC26A4, GJB3, and MT-RNR were 2.53%, 2.05%, 0.37%, and 0.25%, respectively. Furthermore, GJB2 c.235delC was the most common variant with an allele frequency of 0.99% in the Chinese newborn population. We also demonstrated nine East-Asia-enriched variants, one Ashkenazi Jewish-enriched variant, and one European/American-enriched variant for hearing loss.

Conclusions:
We showed the distinct landscape of common deafness-associated variants in the Chinese newborn population and provided insights into population-specific features in diverse populations. These data can serve as a powerful resource for otolaryngologists and clinical geneticists to inform population-adjusted genetic screening programs for hearing loss.
Evaluation of the Posterior Tilt Angle in Predicting Failure of Nondisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures After Internal Fixation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Papadelis Efstratios , Chaudhry Yash P. , Hayes Hunter , Talone Christopher , Shah Mitesh P. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the posterior tilt angle (PTA) in predicting treatment failure after internal fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures as graded by the Garden classification, which is based solely on anterior–posterior radiographic evaluation.

Data Sources:
A search was conducted of all published literature in the following databases from inception to December 20, 2021: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Study Selection:
We included English-language randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies that reported malunion/nonunion, avascular necrosis, fixation failure, or reoperations in patients with nondisplaced femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation who were evaluated for PTA using either lateral radiograph or computed tomography.

Data Extraction:
All abstract, screening, and quality appraisal was conducted independently by 2 authors. Data from included studies were extracted manually and summarized. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies criteria was used for quality appraisal.

Data Synthesis:
Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for treatment failure, defined as nonunion/malunion, avascular necrosis, fixation failure, or reoperation, in cases involving preoperative PTA ≥20-degrees and <20-degrees. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Nondisplaced femoral neck fractures with PTA >20-degrees had a 24% rate of treatment failure compared with 12% for those <20-degrees [odds ratios, 3.21 (95% confidence intervals, 1.95–5.28); P < 0.001].

Conclusion:
PTA is a predictor of treatment failure in nondisplaced femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation. Nondisplaced femoral neck fractures with a PTA >20-degrees may warrant alternative treatment modalities.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Predicting the Magnitude of Distal Junctional Kyphosis Following Cervical Deformity Correction
Authors: Ayres Ethan W. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Ani Fares , Lafage Renaud , Walia Arnaav , Mundis Gregory M. , Smith Justin S. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Klineberg Eric O. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Hart Robert A. , Bess Shay , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie , Ames Christopher P. ,   the International Spine Study Group (ISSG)
Published: September 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective review of a cervical deformity database.

Objective.
This study aimed to develop a model that can predict the postoperative DJK angle by using pre and post-operative radiographic measurements.

Summary of Background Data.
Distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) is a complication following cervical deformity correction that can reduce of patient quality of life and functional status. Although researchers have identified the risk factors for DJK, no model has been proposed to predict the magnitude of DJK.

Methods.
The DJK angle was defined as the Cobb angle from LIV to LIV-2 with traditional DJK (tDJK) having a DJK angle change >10°. Models were trained using 66.6% of the randomly selected patients and validated in the remaining 33.3%. Pre-and post-operative radiographic parameters associated with DJK were identified and ranked using a conditional variable importance table. Linear regression models were developed using the factors most strongly associated with the postoperative DJK angle.

Results.
131 patients were included with a mean follow-up duration of 14±8 months. The mean postoperative DJK angle was 14.6±14° and occurred in 35% of the patients. No significant differences between the training and validation cohort were observed. The variables most associated with post-operative DJK were: preoperative DJK angle (DJKApre), postoperative C2- lower Instrumented vertebral tilt (C2-LIV), and change in cervical lordosis (∆CL). The model identified the following equation as predictive of DJKA: DJKA=9.365 + (0.123*∆CL) – (0.315* ∆C2-LIV) – (0.054*DJKApre). The predicted and actual postoperative DJKA values were highly correlated (R=0.871, R2=0.759, P<0.001).

Conclusion.
The variables that most increased the DJK angle were the preoperative DJK angle, postoperative alignment within the construct, and change in CL. Future studies can build upon the model developed to be applied in a clinical setting when planning for cervical deformity correction.
NDI <21 Denotes Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Degenerative Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Shahi Pratyush , Subramanian Tejas , Singh Nishtha , Shinn Daniel , Dalal Sidhant , Song Junho , Araghi Kasra , Melissaridou Dimitra , Sheha Evan , Dowdell James , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: September 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
To determine the Neck Disability Index (NDI) cut-off for achieving patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) at six months following degenerative cervical spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
An absolute score denoting PASS might be a better marker to assess clinical outcomes than a change score denoting minimal clinically important difference.

Materials and Methods.
Patients who underwent primary anterior cervical decompression and fusion, cervical disk replacement, or laminectomy were included. The outcome measure was NDI. The anchor used to assess PASS achievement at six months was the response on the Global Rating Change: “Compared with preoperative, you feel (1) much better, (2) slightly better, (3) same, (4) slightly worse, or (5) much worse.” It was converted to a dichotomous outcome variable (acceptable=response of 1 or 2, unacceptable=response of 3, 4, or 5) for analyses. The overall cohort and subgroups based on age (65 yr and below, above 65 yr), sex, myelopathy, and preoperative NDI (≤40, >40) were analyzed for the proportion of patients achieving PASS and the NDI cut-off using receiver operator curve.

Results.
Seventy-five patients (42 anterior cervical decompression and fusion, 23 cervical disc replacement, 10 laminectomy) were included. 79% of patients achieved PASS. Males, patients with age 65 years and below, preoperative NDI ≤40, and absence of myelopathy were more likely to achieve PASS. The receiver operator curve analysis revealed an Oswestry Disability Index cut-off of 21 to achieve PASS (area under the curve, AUC: 0.829, sensitivity: 81%, specificity: 80%). The subgroup analyses based on age, sex, myelopathy, and preoperative NDI revealed AUCs >0.7 and NDI threshold values consistent between 17 and 23.

Conclusions.
With an AUC of 0.829, NDI showed an excellent discriminative ability. Patients with NDI ≤21 are expected to achieve PASS following degenerative cervical spine surgery.
Molecular biomarkers for gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum diabetes
Authors: Lu Wenqian , Hu Cheng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health problem worldwide that threatens both maternal and fetal health. Identifying individuals at high risk for GDM and diabetes after GDM is particularly useful for early intervention and prevention of disease progression. In the last decades, a number of studies have used metabolomics, genomics, and proteomic approaches to investigate associations between biomolecules and GDM progression. These studies clearly demonstrate that various biomarkers reflect pathological changes in GDM. The established markers have potential use as screening and diagnostic tools in GDM and in postpartum diabetes research. In the present review, we summarize recent studies of metabolites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, microRNAs, and proteins associated with GDM and its transition to postpartum diabetes, with a focus on their predictive value in screening and diagnosis.
Serum uric acid levels and the risk of diabetes mellitus in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: the Suita study
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Arafa Ahmed , Sheerah Haytham A. , Teramoto Masayuki , Nakao Yoko M. , Honda-Kohmo Kyoko , Kashima Rena , Sakai Yukie , Watanabe Emi , Dohi Tomoharu , Kokubo Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
The association between serum uric acid levels and the risk of diabetes mellitus in women stratified by menopausal status is not well-established. Therefore, we investigated this association among a cohort of Japanese urban women.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study on 3,304 women (1,252 premenopausal and 2,052 postmenopausal), aged 30 to 79 years, with no prior cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, and enrolled from a general urban population. Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident diabetes mellitus according to serum uric acid quartiles.

Results
During 13.8 years of median follow-up, 219 incident diabetes mellitus cases were diagnosed. The incidence rate per 1,000 person-years was 3.42 in premenopausal women and 6.19 in postmenopausal women. After adjustment for potential risk factors, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) of the highest versus lowest serum uric acid quartiles were 1.56 (0.77-3.16) in premenopausal women, 2.00 (1.19-3.34) in postmenopausal women, and 1.81 (1.21-2.73) in all women. The interaction based on menopausal status was not significant (P = 0.872). The corresponding population attributable fractions (95% CIs) were 13.3% (−8.9% to 31.1%), 19.1% (5.3%-30.9%), and 17.0% (5.6%-27.0%), respectively.

Conclusions
Serum uric acid levels were positively associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women. However, the lack of an association in premenopausal women may have been due to limited power, so further research is required to confirm this menopausal status–specific association.