bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of enemy exclusion on biodiversity–productivity relationships in a subtropical forest experiment
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Schuldt Andreas , Hönig Lydia , Yang Bo , Liu Xiaojuan , Bruelheide Helge , Ma Keping , Schmid Bernhard , Niklaus Pascal A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Interspecific niche complementarity is a key mechanism posited to explain positive species richness–productivity relationships in plant communities. However, the exact nature of the niche dimensions that plant species partition remains poorly known.

Species may partition abiotic resources that limit their growth, but species may also be specialized with respect to their set of biotic interactions with other trophic levels, in particular with enemies including pathogens and consumers. The lower host densities present in more species‐diverse plant communities may therefore result in smaller populations of specialized enemies, and in a smaller associated negative feedback these enemies exert on plant productivity.

To test whether such host density‐dependent effects of enemies drive diversity–productivity relationships in young forest stands, we experimentally manipulated leaf fungal pathogens and insect herbivores in a large subtropical forest biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment in China (BEF‐China).

We found that fungicide spraying of tree canopies removed the positive tree‐species richness–productivity relationship present in untreated control plots. The tree species that contributed the most to this effect were the ones with the highest fungicide‐induced growth increase in monoculture. Insecticide application did not cause comparable effects.

Synthesis. Our findings suggest that tree species diversity may not only promote productivity by interspecific resource‐niche partitioning but also by trophic niche partitioning. Most likely, partitioning occurred with respect to enemies such as pathogenic fungi. Alternatively, similar effects on tree growth would have occurred if fungicide had eliminated positive effects of a higher diversity of beneficial fungi (e.g. mycorrhizal symbionts) that may have occurred in mixed tree species communities.
Affect, dis/ability and the pandemic
Authors: Goodley Dan , Lawthom Rebecca , Liddiard Kirsty , Runswick‐Cole Katherine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe pandemic has heightened anxieties, impacted mental health and threatened to create an overwhelming sense of existential dread. We recognise the material ways in which disabled people have been differentially impacted by Covid‐19 and make a case for understanding the affective dimensions of the pandemic. We develop a theoretical approach ‐ cutting across medical sociology and critical disability studies ‐ that understands affect as a social, cultural, relational and psychopolitical phenomenon. We introduce a public engagement project that took place in March and April of 2020 that garnered blogspots from around the world to capture the pandemic's impact on the lives of disabled people. Our data analysis reveals three key affective themes: fragility, anxiety and affirmation. To understand the emotional impacts of Covid‐19 upon the lives of disabled people we embed critical analyses of affect in the dual processes of disablism and ableism: the dis/ability complex. We conclude by considering how we might conceive of a post‐pandemic recovery that places the health and well‐being of disabled people at the centre of proceedings.
Who you know: The classed structure of social capital
Authors: Alecu Andreea , Helland Håvard , Hjellbrekke Johs. , Jarness Vegard 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the social structuring of social capital, understood as resources embedded in social networks. The analysis integrates key theoretical–methodological insights from two distinct approaches concerned with social capital and inequality: the position‐generator approach associated with Nan Lin and the spatial approach associated with Pierre Bourdieu. Empirically, we exploit the possibilities of survey data containing detailed information about the social ties of a representative sample of the Norwegian adult population (N = 4007). By means of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), we construct a space of social ties, a spatial representation of systematic similarities and differences between individuals' social ties to a set of 33 occupational positions. In this space, social capital is structured according to two primary dimensions: (i) the level of social ties, in terms of individuals' number of contacts; and (ii), the quality of social ties, in terms of a division between being connected to others in high‐status positions and others in low‐status positions. By means of Ascending Hierarchical Cluster analysis, five clusters are identified within the space of social ties: a homogenous working‐class cluster, a well‐connected working‐class cluster, a cluster of high‐status ties, a homogenous high‐status cluster and a low‐volume cluster. Moreover, the analysis clearly indicates that the structure of social capital is connected to respondents' class positions, their volumes of cultural and economic capital and their class origin. The analysis thus draws attention to the role of social capital in processes of social closure, regarding both resource monopolization and class formation.
A court ruled case on therapy‐induced false memories
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Curci Antonietta , Mangiulli Ivan , Battista Fabiana , Rizzotti Elisa , Sartori Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report on a unique Italian criminal case in which a court ruled that a therapist implanted false memories of abuse in a young girl. Using therapeutic excerpts, we show that the therapist used a multitude of problematic interventions that are all linked to false memory creation. Specifically, an analysis of the therapeutic excerpts showed that across many sessions, the therapist asked highly suggestive questions to the girl, implying that she was abused by her father. In addition, the girl underwent EMDR techniques that have been associated with memory undermining effects. Our analyses showed that although before treatment the girl did not have any recollection of being abused by her father, she gradually started to remember the abuse and identified the father as her abuser during the therapeutic sessions. Our case report clearly shows the danger of suggestive pressure in a therapeutic context causing patients to form false memories of abuse and supports the need to prevent the therapeutic practice of suggestive techniques.
Cardinium infection alters cotton defense and detoxification metabolism of its whitefly host
Authors: Liu Ying , Yang Kun , Wang Jicheng , Chu Dong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractField monitoring revealed that the infection ratio of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci MED) was relatively low in northern China. However, the role of this symbiont and the symbiont–whitefly–host plant interaction mechanism are poorly understood. We investigated the influence of Cardinium on the competitiveness of the host whitefly and the physiological interaction between the host plants and host whiteflies. Cardinium‐infected whiteflies were displaced by uninfected whiteflies after 5 generations, which showed that Cardinium infection reduced whitefly competitiveness. The defense response genes of cotton significantly decreased under infestation by infected whiteflies compared to uninfected whiteflies. The expression of detoxification metabolism genes, especially the uridine 5ʹ‐diphospho‐glucuronyltransferase and P450 genes, in infected whiteflies significantly decreased. These results demonstrated that Cardinium could inhibit the defense response of the host plant and decrease the detoxification metabolism ability of the host whitefly. The reduced competitiveness of infected whiteflies may be associated with the inhibition of the whitefly detoxification metabolism by Cardinium, resulting in the reduced performance of infected whiteflies. However, Cardinium infection can suppress plant defenses, which may benefit both infected and uninfected whiteflies when they coexist. This research illustrates the symbiont–whitefly–host plant interaction mechanism and the population dynamics of the whitefly.
Joint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation in the WTO: The Case of Russia
Authors: Biryukova Olga 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the World Trade Organization (WTO), the co‐sponsors of the Joint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation signed the Declaration at the conclusion of the negotiations. Incorporating disciplines developed by a group of members into the WTO rulebook is fraught with certain difficulties because of the plurilateral nature of the outcome and possible resistance from non‐participating WTO members. Russia is a member of this initiative, which aims to reduce regulatory barriers to trade in services and does not address market access issues. Despite the significant role of the service sector in the economy, Russia faces systemic restrictions on increasing services trade, although the need to change the structure of foreign trade and diversify the economy has long been overdue. The paper argues that the implementation of disciplines in line with the common intention to improve domestic regulation will help improve Russia's trade in services performance and the business environment.
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus: A pathogen that is changing the tomato production worldwide
Authors: Caruso Andrea Giovanni , Bertacca Sofia , Parrella Giuseppe , Rizzo Roberto , Davino Salvatore , Panno Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., family Solanaceae) represents one of the most cultivated horticultural crops worldwide, with over 5 million hectares of cultivated area and more than 182 million tons of tomato produced globally. Nevertheless, monoculture conditions, intensive selection, domestication throughout the last decades, international trade of infected propagating material and climate changes intensely favoured the establishment of many pathogens and the rapid spread of new diseases, allowing organisms to establish in new and unfavourable environments. Among different biotic agents, viruses are the most dangerous, because of their rapid diffusion and production losses. Here, we review an emerging viral threat to tomato production, tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a new highly infectious tobamovirus that is currently causing great concern to tomato global production, especially in those areas where mitigation measures are absent or inadequate and which, in recent years, it has considerably increased its diffusion in new tomato cultivation areas. Through a review of all the existing literature, this article highlights the following aspects: (a) main characteristic of tomato species (origin, taxonomy and genome); (b) main diseases that undermine the tomato production, focusing on viral pathogens; (c) ToBRFV main characteristics (origin and spatiotemporal dispersal, taxonomy, genome organisation, host range and symptoms, transmission, spread and epidemiology, and genetic diversity); (d) detection methods developed and disease management; (e) breeding as a new weapon to control the ToBRFV diffusion. Moreover, future perspectives are highlighted, to understand the epidemiology key factors and the ToBRFV‐tomato pathosystem management, in order to develop effective and appropriate control strategies.
High prevalence of fluoroquinolone‐resistant UTI among US emergency department patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection, 2018–2020
Authors: Faine Brett A. , Rech Megan A. , Vakkalanka Priyanka , Gross Alan , Brown Caitlin , Harding Stephanie J. , Slocum Giles , Zimmerman David , Zepeski Anne , Rewitzer Stacey , Howington Gavin T. , Campbell Matt , Dawson Jordan , Treu Cierra N. , Nelson Lucas , Jones Mandy , Flack Tara , Porter Blake , Sarangarm Preeyaporn , Mattson Alicia E. , Bailey Abby , Kelly Gregory , Talan David A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundUropathogen resistance, fluoroquinolone‐resistance (FQR), and extended spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL), has been observed to be emerging worldwide with prevalences above recommended thresholds for routine empirical treatment. The primary aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of FQR from a geographically diverse sample of United States emergency departments (EDs).MethodsWe conducted a multi‐center, observational cohort study using a network of 15 geographically diverse US EDs. All patients ≥18 years of age with the primary or secondary diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the ED identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) diagnosis code of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or UTI from 2018 to 2020 were included. We calculated descriptive statistics for uropathogens and susceptibilities. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify antimicrobial resistance risk factors associated with FQR Escherichia coli.ResultsAmong 3779 patients who met inclusion criteria, median age was 62.9 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 41–77.6) and 76.3% were female. The most common diagnoses were complicated (41.2%) and uncomplicated cystitis (40.3%). E. coli was the most common pathogen (63.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.2%) and Enterococcus species (5.8%). Across all sites, overall E. coli FQ‐resistance prevalence was 22.1%, ranging from 10.5 to 29.7% by site. The prevalence of ESBL‐producing uropathogen was 7.4%, ranging from 3.6% to 11.6% by site. Previous IV or oral antimicrobial use in the past 90‐days and history of a multi‐drug resistant pathogen were associated with FQ‐resistant E. coli (odds ratio [OR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.04–3.51, and OR 6.93, 95% CI: 4.95–9.70, respectively). Of the patients who had FQ‐resistant E. coli or an ESBL‐producing uropathogen isolated, 116 (37.1%) and 61 (36.7%) did not have any documented risk factors for resistance.ConclusionFQ‐resistant E. coli is widely prevalent across US sites highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and, at some locations, modification of empirical treatments.
The SCF/KIT axis in human mast cells: Capicua acts as potent KIT repressor and ERK predominates PI3K
Authors: Franke Kristin , Kirchner Marieluise , Mertins Philipp , Zuberbier Torsten , Babina Magda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe SCF/KIT axis regulates nearly all aspects of mast cell (MC) biology. A comprehensive view of SCF‐triggered phosphorylation dynamics is lacking. The relationship between signaling modules and SCF‐supported functions likewise remains ill‐defined.MethodsMast cells were isolated from human skin; upon stimulation by SCF, global phosphoproteomic changes were analyzed by LC–MS/MS and selectively validated by immunoblotting. MC survival was inspected by YoPro; BrdU incorporation served to monitor proliferation. Gene expression was quantified by RT‐qPCR and cytokines by ELISA. Pharmacological inhibitors were supplemented by ERK1 and/or ERK2 knockdown. CIC translocation and degradation were studied in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. CIC's impact on KIT signaling and function was assessed following RNA interference.Results≈5400 out of ≈10,500 phosphosites experienced regulation by SCF. The MEK/ERK cascade was strongly induced surpassing STAT5 > PI3K/Akt > p38 > JNK. Comparison between MEK/ERK's and PI3K's support of basic programs (apoptosis, proliferation) revealed equipotency between modules. In functional outputs (gene expression, cytokines), ERK was the most influential kinase. OSM and LIF production was identified in skin MCs. Strikingly, SCF triggered massive phosphorylation of a protein not associated with KIT previously: CIC. Phosphorylation was followed by CIC's cytoplasmic appearance and degradation, the latter sensitive to protease but not preoteasome inhibition. Both shuttling and degradation were ERK‐dependent. Conversely, CIC‐siRNA facilitated KIT signaling, functional outputs, and survival.ConclusionThe SCF/KIT axis shows notable strength in MCs, and MEK/ERK as most prominent module. An inhibitory circuit exists between KIT and CIC. CIC stabilization in MCs may turn out as a therapeutic option to interfere with allergic and MC‐driven diseases.
Comparison of ciprofol (HSK3486) versus propofol for the induction of deep sedation during gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures: A multi‐centre, non‐inferiority, randomized, controlled phase 3 clinical trial
Authors: Li Junxiang , Wang Xiao , Liu Jin , Wang Xia , Li Xiangkui , Wang Yaping , Ouyang Wen , Li Jun , Yao Shanglong , Zhu Zhaoqiong , Guo Qulian , Yu Yonghao , Meng Jinhai , Zuo Yunxia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCiprofol is a propofol analogue with improved pharmacokinetic properties. A multi‐centre, non‐inferiority trial was conducted to compare the deep sedation properties of ciprofol and propofol with a non‐inferiority margin of 8% in patients undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy. In total, 289 patients were randomly allocated for surgery (259 colonoscopy and 30 gastroscopy) at a 1:1 ratio to be given intravenous injections of ciprofol (0.4 mg/kg) or propofol (1.5 mg/kg). The primary outcome was the success rate of colonoscopy defined as colonoscopy completion with no need for an alternative sedative or >5 ciprofol or propofol top up doses within any 15‐min time period. The success rate of colonoscopy was 100% in the ciprofol group vs. 99.2% in the propofol group (mean difference 0.8%, 95% CI: −2.2% to 4.2%). Except for the gastrointestinal lesions found during the gastroscopy and colonoscopy procedures, the occurrence rates of adverse drug reactions in the ciprofol and propofol groups were 31.3% and 62.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). Pain on injection was less common in the ciprofol group (4.9% vs. 52.4%, P < 0.001). The outcomes demonstrated that ciprofol was non‐inferior to propofol with regard to successful sedation for gastroscopy or colonoscopy procedures and no obvious important adverse events occurred.
Stakeholder theory: A process‐ontological perspective
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav , Chia Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdvocates of stakeholder theory have long known that grasping its key insights requires a specific worldview that is, unfortunately, still not prevalent within the community of strategic management scholars. We argue that this worldview encompasses a process ontology that is radically different from the substance‐ontological outlook typical of the mainstream approaches to strategic management. The unquestioned commitment of strategic management scholarship to a substance ontology leads to the viewing of corporations as macro‐entities comprising aggregations of discrete autonomous actors each relying on individual choice and instrumental rationality. In contrast, within a process‐ontological worldview, corporations and their stakeholders are seen to be sustained and attenuated through social practices and relationships involving interlocking chains of coping actions taken in everyday interactions. We show that adopting a process‐ontological worldview presents a much‐needed step that may help strategic management scholars reach a better understanding of how stakeholder theory deals with three problems of today's capitalism, those value creation and trade, ethics of capitalism, and managerial mindsets. On this basis, we discuss how to process ontology may lead stakeholder theory to further refine its understanding of business strategy, corporate social responsibility, and the common ground between the firm and stakeholders.
Establishing repellent effects of aromatic companion plants on Dysaphis plantaginea, using a new dynamic tubular olfactometer
Authors: Dieudonné Emma , Gautier Hélène , Dardouri Tarek , Staudt Michael , Costagliola Guy , Gomez Laurent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe repellent properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by several companion plant species (CPs) were tested on the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in a new dynamic tubular olfactometer connected to a dynamic plant chamber. This device allows a rapid and direct measurement of the repellency of whole plants on an aphid population. The VOC production, correlated to the number of plants in the chamber, was determined, and the VOC concentration in the emitted blend was evaluated to establish a causal link with the aphid response. Three species showed strong repellency properties to D. plantaginea: peppermint, Mentha piperita L., lavandin, Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel., and rosemary, Salvia rosmarinus Schleid. (all Lamiaceae). In addition, tests on various rosemary chemotypes showed that the repellency could vary within the chemotype. The developed device revealed a classification of the tested CPs according to the analyzed VOCs and a link between the repellency index (RI) and the presence of certain VOCs. Thus, eucalyptol, β‐ocimene, allo‐ocimene, piperitone, l‐menthone‐1, and l‐menthone‐2 were associated with the highest RIs, although not all of them were identified as repellents. Thus, the repellent effect of a CP results primarily from the produced olfactory mixture in which the presence and quantity of particular VOCs would modulate the repellent efficiency.
Use of antihypertensive medication and formation of de novo intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Räisänen Sari , Huttunen Jukka , Huuskonen Terhi J. , von und zu Fraunberg Mikael , Koivisto Timo , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Frösen Juhana , Lindgren Antti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeHypertension is a risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage and is also considered a risk factor for saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) formation. However, there is little direct evidence that antihypertensive medication will reduce sIA formation.MethodsThe impact of antihypertensive medication on de novo sIA formation was studied in an angiographically followed cohort of 1419 patients. Patients were identified from our population‐based Kuopio Intracranial Aneurysm Database, and data on the purchases of antihypertensive medication were obtained from a national registry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the risk factors.ResultsOf the 966 sIA patients who were prescribed with antihypertensive medication, 841 patients used the medication regularly; 20 of them had de novo sIA. One hundred and twenty‐five patients used the medication irregularly and 12 of them developed de novo sIAs. Four hundred and fifty‐three patients did not use antihypertensive medication even though 27 of them had a diagnosis of hypertension, and 10 of them developed de novo sIAs. In the multivariate analysis antihypertensive medication did not significantly reduce de novo sIA formation (hazard ratio [HR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84–3.06). Age at primary diagnosis (HR: 0.95, 95%: CI 0.93–0.98) and smoking history (HR: 5.53, 95% CI: 2.77–11.05) were significant risk factors for de novo sIA formation. Also, irregular usage of antihypertensive medication was a significant risk factor (HR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.59–9.29) for de novo sIA formation.ConclusionsAntihypertensive agents were not associated with a reduction of de novo sIA formation, but irregular use of antihypertensive agents was associated with an increased risk of de novo sIA formation.