bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propuesta para evaluación de servicios farmacéuticos en hospital comunitario, como estrategia metodológica docente
Authors: Santibáñez Pamela , Olivera Germán 
Published: July 2022

Introducción: Este trabajo forma parte de la asignatura de Farmacia Asistencial, correspondiente al sép-timo semestre, del ciclo de formación profesional de la Carrera de Química y Farmacia. El objetivo general fue describir el uso de una herramienta pedagógica basada en metodológica aprendizaje más servicios (A+S) en estudiantes de pregrado de la carrera de Química y Farmacia, con respecto a la valoración de los servicios farmacéuticos recibidos, en hospital de Lanco.
Materiales y Método: Este proyecto se inicia con la expo-sición de un video del socio comunitario, químico farmacéutico del Hospital de Lanco, en donde describe la necesidad que presentaba su establecimiento. Para el desarrollo del trabajo, el curso de veinte alumnos se dividió en grupos y en la primera etapa, cada grupo, realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos relaciona-dos con experiencias nacionales e internacionales sobre evaluación de servicios farmacéuticos. En la segunda etapa los grupos acordaron qué servicios farmacéuticos serían considerados para el desarrollo del proyecto y que metodología se usaría para implementar esta evaluación. Para evaluar la aplicación de esta metodología de aprendizaje más servicio (A+S), se aplicó a la totalidad del curso una escala de apreciación en que cada criterio se le asignó la definición de logro que cada alumno obtuvo según el desarrollo de su proyecto.
Resultados: En la evaluación de los resultados de aprendizaje el curso obtuvo como promedio 26/28 puntos, en competencia genérica 3.8/4 puntos, reflexión 5.7/8 puntos y servicio 10.5/12 puntos. Para am-bos criterios de evaluación, el rendimiento del curso alcanzó un nivel de logro destacado (Aramburuzabala, 2014) y competente (Márquez-Peiró, 2008). La encuesta de reflexión aplicada mostró una valoración posi-tiva en más del 75% de estudiantes del curso.
Discusión: Finalmente, los resultados fueron acordes a lo planificado, en donde ambos grupos lograron de manera satisfactoria los resultados de aprendizaje propuestos, en relación con las necesidades del socio comuni-tario y mostraron, a través de la etapa reflexión, la positiva valoración de la actividad por parte de los alumnos.
Techniques of Audiovisual Distraction to Reduce Pain during Venous Blood Sampling: A Case Study
Authors: Jayanti Mandasari Natalia , Ngatikoh Leli , Murniati  
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of audiovisual distraction therapy on reducing pain levels in pediatric patients when taking venous blood in cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.
Method: The design used in this study is a descriptive study with a case study method for the provision of nursing care, namely from assessment, developing of nursing diagnoses, interventions, implementation and evaluation. The focus of the study was the effect of audiovisual distraction techniques on reducing pain scales in children who received invasive venous blood sampling.
Result: The result is that after being given distraction therapy for 10 minutes for 3 days at the time of blood sampling, the respondent's pain level decreased from a scale of 8 on the first day to a scale of 2 on the third day. The audiovisual distraction therapy can be degrees pain level.
Conclusion: This case study underscores the importance of the active involvement of nurses during invasive procedures that cause pain, one of which is taking venous blood in pediatric patients, so that pediatric patients are more cooperative.
Fenitothion Degradation by Aspergillus parasiticus
Authors: Sudha Rani Thenepalli , Suvarna Latha Devi Potireddy 
Published: July 2022

India is a predominantly agriculture-based country with a population of 1.27 billion, according to FAO the population has reached to 1.66 billion in between 2007 and 2050. Tense because of overgrowing population the yield of crops were increased by applying various insecticides for controlling (insects, pests). Globally, an appraise 1 to 2.5 million tons of effective insecticide additives go on applied each year, especially in agriculture. Fenitrothion is an organophosphate insecticide employed to destroy pests, insects particularly in Paddy fields and it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, neurotoxicant and the toxic metabolites in the environment is remain for longer periods, so it is necessary to degrade the fenitrothion by biodegradation. The fungi Aspergillus parasiticus were screened from paddy fields and Molecular characterized it by 26S rDNA gene sequencing, the fungi breaks the insecticide within 24 h of incubation in PDB. The course of the degradation process was studied using FTIR and HPLC.
Domain Structure in Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Yunga Nyanga Bernard , Dikande Alain Moise 
Published: July 2022

At low temperatures, uniaxial perovskites exhibit a spontaneous polarization with a permanent dipole moment. The broken symmetry state involves an order parameter and dielectric properties of the materials which are strongly dominated by a one-dimensional physics. For the last sixty years there has been growing interest in these crystals for potential applications in communication technology. Very recently, renewed interest to ferroelectric memory devices has been remarkable with particular emphasis on miniaturized devices. This new perspective comes along with great challenges, one of which is the critical size for stable domains in thin ferroelectric crystals. Since the polarization switching involves a pre-existing spontaneous polarization, it is of fundamental importance to address the question of conditions under which polarized domains can develop in a ferroelectric thin film. From previous articles, it has been observed that most studies focus on numerical simulations which is a good approach but for the fact that numerical simulations involve approximation of physical quantities, which is limitation to comparing experimental with theoretical studies. This motivated the authors to look purely at an analytical approach taking advantage of the new mathematical approach in the study of nonlinear systems. In this work, the authors have considered the question from an analytical point of view, focusing on an interesting model introduced by Lu and Cao. We propose an analytical counterpart of the numerical simulations done in this previous study.
Trade Performance of Indian Cashew Sector under Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) Framework
Authors: Yazhini A. , Shivakumar K. M. , Prahadeeswaran M. , Rohini A. 
Published: July 2022

Aim: The objective of the study is to evaluate the trade performance of the Indian cashew sector. This study uses Monke and Pearson's [1] Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM).
Study Design and Methodology: Private and social prices are taken for studying PAM, while private prices of tradable and non-tradable inputs serve as domestic price and social price is the international price of Vietnam which is a major competitor to India in cashew trade.
Results and Conclusion: Despite the distortions, the cashew nut industry is financially and commercially lucrative, according to this study (net margin, financial and economic profit are greater than zero). It is, however, inadequately protected at the producer level and vast scope for encouraging the export of cashew from India in future. This study suggests that Indian cashew sector was highly competitive in trade when it re-exports the processed cashew kernels to other countries. Since domestic cashew production and processing is labour intensive, appropriate technology for cashew processing is a must.
Hormonal Effect on Callus Induction and Shoot Multiplication on Leaf Explants in Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) Cultivar Grand
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Rajbher Yogesh , Shukla Shardulya , Sharma Ankita , Yadav Ajay , Singh Jagraj , Kumar Deep 
Published: July 2022

Aims: Gerbera is very popular as a cut flower in India. Due to it is multi color its very attractive and it has longer vase life. It is a dwarf, stem-less, herbaceous, perennial plant that is commercially propagated by the cell culture.
Methodology: The research was conducting an investigation into In vitro method used nutrient culture media under control condition. In-vitro method were observed that the effect of 2,4-D +Kinetin and 2,4-D + BAP with different treatment concentrations on callus induction and shoot multiplication under In vitro condition was carried out using leaf explants.
Results: The result acquired has shown that minimum time (7.18 days) was noted under the treatment combination 2,4-D @ 2.00 mgl-1+ Kinetin @1.50 mgl-1 whereas maximum time (35.57 days) was found of callus with the treatment combination 2,4-D @2.00 mgl-1+ BAP @2.00 mgl-1under control. After the callus induction, the callus was transferred for the establishment of the shoot on different shoot multiplication media showed that time of shoot initiation 7.18 days. shoot per cent was 76.65 in these days also the number of shoots per explant 11.23 along with this, the development of shoot was completed in 11.74 days when Length of the shoot was viewed on 25 days to shoot the length was 2.17 cm, 35 days after 3.60 and 45 days after 4.56 cm. and after that count of shoot per culture was 12.62 were observed on treatment of CHU Media + BAP @ 2.50 mgl-1+Kinetin @ 1.50 mgl-1.
Multi Drug Resistance: A Continuous Challenge by a Century Old Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Qazi Nasreen , Jamali Shah Nawaz , Aftab Ayesha , Ahmed Imran , Memon Sadat , Kumar Gunesh 
Published: July 2022

Background: Tuberculosis is a mycobacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculous bacillus. Anti-tuberculous drugs are drugs used to treat tuberculosis which include first line anti-tuberculosis drugs used to treat tuberculosis initially when the infection is non-resistant these include Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol. Second line anti-tuberculosis drugs which are used to treat resistant tuberculosis or when first line drugs are contraindicated these include Ethionamide, Capreomycin, ciprofloxacin etc. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is tuberculosis not responding to 2 first line anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Methods: This study was aimed at determining the frequency of MDR pattern in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases. The design was cross sectional and the study was conducted at Tuberculosis and chest diseases Center Mirpur Khas in 2017 over two years.
Results: Total 458 MDR patients were evaluated 252(55%) females and 206(45%) were males. Isoniazid and Rifampicin were resistant in 97 (21.17%) cases while Isoniazid, Ethambutol and Rifampicin were found to be resistant in 40(8.73%) cases. The resistance for Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Rifampicin was observed in 50(10.92%) cases whereas 60(13.10%) patients were resistant to Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Streptomycin. Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin and Streptomycin were resistant in 75(16.38%) cases. Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin and Streptomycin resistance was seen in 40(8.73%) patients and 96(20.96%) of the cases shoed resistance to Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide and Rifampicin.
Conclusion: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is highly prevalent in the region.
Commissioning an Exradin W2 plastic scintillation detector for clinical use in small radiation fields
Authors: Jacqmin Dustin J. , Miller Jessica R. , Barraclough Brendan A. , Labby Zacariah E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work is to evaluate the Standard Imaging Exradin W2 plastic scintillation detector (W2) for use in the types of fields used for stereotactic radiosurgery.MethodsPrior to testing the W2 in small fields, the W2 was evaluated in standard large field conditions to ensure good detector performance. These tests included energy dependence, short‐term repeatability, dose‐response linearity, angular dependence, temperature dependence, and dose rate dependence. Next, scan settings and calibration of the W2 were optimized to ensure high quality data acquisition. Profiles of small fields shaped by cones and multi‐leaf collimator (MLCs) were measured using the W2 and IBA RAZOR diode in a scanning water tank. Output factors for cones (4–17.5 mm) and MLC fields (1, 2, 3 cm) were acquired with both detectors. Finally, the dose at isocenter for seven radiosurgery plans was measured with the W2 detector.ResultsW2 exhibited acceptable warm‐up behavior, short‐term reproducibility, axial angular dependence, dose‐rate linearity, and dose linearity. The detector exhibits a dependence upon energy, polar angle, and temperature. Scanning measurements taken with the W2 and RAZOR were in good agreement, with full‐width half‐maximum and penumbra widths agreeing to within 0.1 mm. The output factors measured by the W2 and RAZOR exhibited a maximum difference of 1.8%. For the seven point‐dose measurements of radiosurgery plans, the W2 agreed well with our treatment planning system with a maximum deviation of 2.2%. The Čerenkov light ratio calibration method did not significantly impact the measurement of relative profiles, output factors, or point dose measurements.ConclusionThe W2 demonstrated dosimetric characteristics that are suitable for radiosurgery field measurements. The detector agreed well with the RAZOR diode for output factors and scanned profiles and showed good agreement with the treatment planning system in measurements of clinical treatment plans.
Tuning the Cobalt–Platinum Alloy Regulating Single‐Atom Platinum for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Cheng Ping , Li Zhao , Lin Yunxiang , Li Mengyuan , Zi Jiangzhi , Shi Huihui , Li Guisheng , Lian Zichao , Li Hexing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDesigning atomically dispersed metal catalysts for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising strategy to efficiently convert electrical energy to chemical fuels. This strategy, however, still faces the challenge of finding a catalyst with high activity and long‐term durability. Here, single‐atom platinum and cobalt–platinum‐alloy nanocrystals in a nitrogen‐doped porous‐carbon framework (CoPt‐PtSA/NDPCF) is confined. The electrocatalyst exhibits ultralow overpotentials under both alkaline and acidic conditions at a high current density of −300 mA cm−2 and excellent long‐term durability up to 100 h or 10 000 cycles, which are attributed to the synergetic effects of PtSA and tuning of the CoPt alloy in the NDPCF. First‐principles calculations suggested that PtSA aided by the CoPt alloy has high d‐band occupation for promoting the reaction kinetics. This study opens a new avenue for designing heterostructures with the synergic effects of single metal atoms and metal alloys with outstanding performance in the HER.
Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Oxide Semiconductor Devices: A Key Building Block for Applications Ranging from Display Backplanes to 3D Integrated Semiconductor Chips
Authors: Kim Taikyu , Choi Cheol Hee , Hur Jae Seok , Ha Daewon , Kuh Bong Jin , Kim Yongsung , Cho Min Hee , Kim Sangwook , Jeong Jae Kyeong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs Si has faced physical limits on further scaling down, novel semiconducting materials such as 2D transition metal dichalcogenides and oxide semiconductors (OSs) have gained tremendous attention to continue the ever‐demanding downscaling represented by Moore's law. Among them, OS is considered to be the most promising alternative material because it has intriguing features such as modest mobility, extremely low off‐current, great uniformity, and low‐temperature processibility with conventional complementary‐metal–oxide–semiconductor‐compatible methods. In practice, OS has successfully replaced hydrogenated amorphous Si in high‐end liquid crystal display devices and has now become a standard backplane electronic for organic light‐emitting diode displays despite the short time since their invention in 2004. For OS to be implemented in next‐generation electronics such as back‐end‐of‐line transistor applications in monolithic 3D integration beyond the display applications, however, there is still much room for further study, such as high mobility, immune short‐channel effects, low electrical contact properties, etc. This study reviews the brief history of OS and recent progress in device applications from a material science and device physics point of view. Simultaneously, remaining challenges and opportunities in OS for use in next‐generation electronics are discussed.
Harnessing Polymer‐Matrix‐Mediated Manipulation of Intermolecular Charge‐Transfer for Near‐Infrared Security Applications
Authors: Tian Shuang , Tan Jihua , Kang Tianxing , Cao Chen , Pan Jie , Xiao Yafang , Cui Xiao , Li Shengliang , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecise recognition of near‐infrared (NIR) signals holds great prospects in optical communication, remote sensing, information security, and anti‐counterfeiting. For these applications, filters with good NIR transparency are typically essential components. Currently, such NIR transparent filters are dominated by inorganic materials such as chalcogenide glasses. There are, so far, only a handful of organic molecules with suitable optical properties due to the rarity of organic materials with good NIR transparency and relatively flat absorption over the UV–visible region. Here, it is found that the library of NIR‐transparent organic materials can be expanded by forming a charge‐transfer complex (CTC) between a donor (D) and an acceptor (A) molecule that are commercially available. Via regulating the DA interaction, the CTC filter shows tunable absorption from the visible to NIR region with a relatively high penetration of NIR radiation (≈80%). The CTC filter can successfully highlight NIR information hidden in a complex environment and allow reading of NIR security images for advanced anti‐counterfeiting. Moreover, the CTC filter can be used for viewing protected NIR information with good resolution, and thus provide a convenient tool for different security applications using NIR‐encoded information.
An Intelligent Tactile Sensor Based on Interlocked Carbon Nanotube Array for Ultrasensitive Physiological Signal Detection and Real‐Time Monitoring
Authors: Chen Duo , Zhang Ting , Geng Wei , Sun Dehui , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Yang , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman–robot interaction has become increasingly important due to technological advances in robotics. The tactile sensation range of humans ranges from detecting the touch of a hair (≈0.6 Pa) to the touch of a finger (<10 kPa). Therefore, flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and a suitable pressure response range are vital to human–robot interaction. However, it is difficult to attain both sensitivity and a suitable pressure response in one device. This study proposes and prepares a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/carbon cloth (CC). The high performance of the sensor stems from the interlocked CNTs structure and the multistage contact at different pressures. The interlocked CNT structure endows the sensor with a low detection limit (≈0.15 Pa) and high sensitivity (120 kPa−1) in the pressure range (0–0.5 kPa). The flexible pressure sensor with an interlocked structure has significant potential as a wearable biosensor for healthcare applications. Furthermore, the sensor facilitates grasping soft objects due to high tactile sensitivity. In addition, the CNTs/CC‐based sensor can also be used as a bending sensor to develop a hand grasping model. Therefore, the proposed CNTs/CC‐based sensor is well suited for human–machine interaction and improving the tactile perception of robots.
Gas‐Permeable Highly Sensitive Nanomesh Humidity Sensor for Continuous Measurement of Skin Humidity
Authors: Wang Wenqing , Nayeem Md Osman Goni , Wang Haoyang , Wang Chunya , Kim Jae Joon , Wang Binghao , Lee Sunghoon , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOn‐skin humidity sensors can be used to measure the sweat rate on the human skin surface. However, it is challenging to realize a precise, long‐term skin humidity measurement. The main challenge is to develop an on‐skin humidity sensor that has gas permeability, high sensitivity, and flexibility simultaneously. Porous materials and electrodes can enhance the properties of the humidity sensor for fulfilling continuous monitoring. Herein, a humidity sensor composed of nanomesh Au electrodes and nanomesh humidity‐sensitive materials, is reported. The porous structure makes the sensor flexible and gas permeable, increases the surface area, and leads to high sensitivity. The sensor has a high sensitivity of 640 000% in the relative‐humidity range of over 40–100%, together with a gas permeability similar to that of an open environment. The gas permeability suppresses the skin inflammation, endows natural evaporation of sweat, and brings an identical condition with bare skin. To evaluate the utility of the nanomesh sensor, on‐skin humidity measurements are performed, and the humidity change due to sweating after exercise is recorded.
Witnessing the Birth of Directed Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes as Catalysts in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis invited essay outlines how the idea of directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes was born and implemented experimentally at the Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung in Mülheim/Germany during the period 1994–1998, a time when Andreas Pfaltz was present in the Institute. As the new and sole director of the MPI, I initiated new research projects, and also started to restructure the Institute with the establishment of five departments, all dedicated to some form of catalysis and to be led by five independent directors. Andreas Pfaltz was the first director whom I hired, heading the Department of Homogeneous Catalysis. During his stay in Mülheim until 1998, the Pfaltz group invented effective chiral ligands for a number of particularly challenging enantioselective transformations. During this period, Andreas Pfaltz witnessed the birth and development of directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes as a new research direction in the Reetz group. Indeed, he was one of the very few organic chemists who realized at the time that a door to a novel research area had been opened. The widespread application of enzymes was hampered for decades due to limited enantio‐, diastereo‐, and regioselectivity, which was the reason why organic chemists were not interested in biocatalysis. This attitude slowly changed with the advent of directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes in 1997, in a publication from the Reetz group. Methodology development with emphasis on stereo‐ and regioselectivity as well as activity followed, the techniques and strategies becoming more and more rational. Today, semi‐rational approaches and so‐called rational enzyme design have merged, as evidenced, inter alia, by the development of focused rational iterative site‐specific mutagenesis (FRISM). The toolbox of organic chemists now includes enzymes, primarily because the possibility of controlling stereoselectivity by protein engineering has ensured reliability when facing synthetic challenges.magnified image