bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Onsite Biofilter Unit for Effective Remediation of Contaminants from Wastewater
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Ramamurthy Praveen C , Dhanjal Daljeet Singh , Rana Sikander , Bhatia Deepika , Kanwar Ramesh , Sharma Neeta Raj , Singh Joginder 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAgricultural biomass is proven ecofriendly and effective adsorbent for the remediation of contaminants from wastewater. Here, rice husk biochar (600 °C) prepared by a one‐step pyrolysis method is used for the remediation of different contaminants in real samples. An onsite biofilter unit is fabricated with parallel trenches of different layers of coconut coir and biochar and is used as a biofiltration unit. The efficiency of the designed unit is assessed for the removal of different contaminants in pilot‐scale experiments. Results show that removal efficiency varies from metal to metal and ranges from 5.52% to 90.76% using the biofilter unit. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis before and after the adsorption represent the changes in the morphology and surface functionalization of the biochar. Results indicate that the designed biofilter unit could also be used as a promising agent for the remediation of pharmaceutical and other emerging contaminants from wastewater.
Prescribed Burning in Late Summer Benefits Ranchers, Air Quality
Authors: Ehmke Tanner 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFire is essential to the survival of the tallgrass prairies of Kansas and Oklahoma. To maintain the treeless prairie ecosystem, ranchers have historically burned pastures each spring from April to May. But when more than 500,000 acres are burned in a short period with slow winds and dense cloud, stagnant smoke can lead to unhealthy air quality in neighboring communities. The spring burning of rangeland coincides with weather patterns that create air quality issues (temperature inversions stemming from moderately warm days followed by cool nights). The solution to air quality issues is for ranchers to reschedule prescribed burnings for late summer or early fall when temperature inversions are less likely to occur. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
A comparison of the eating disorder service experiences of autistic and non‐autistic women in the UK
Authors: Babb Charli , Brede Janina , Jones Catherine R. G. , Serpell Lucy , Mandy William , Fox John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveQualitative studies report that autistic women have poor experiences when being treated for an eating disorder (ED) and express that ED services are not appropriately tailored to meet their needs. It is unclear whether their experience differs to other women accessing ED services. The aim of the current study was to compare autistic and non‐autistic women's ED illness history and experiences in ED services.MethodAn online survey about ED illness history and their experience with ED treatment was completed by 46 autistic women with a restrictive ED and 110 non‐autistic women with a restrictive ED.ResultsDespite some similarities, there were three key differences in the experiences reported by autistic and non‐autistic women. First, autistic women reported a longer duration of ED and being diagnosed with an ED at a younger age than non‐autistic women. Second, autistic women reported accessing a broader range of healthcare settings and ED treatments than non‐autistic women when being treated for an ED. Finally, autistic women rated their experiences of inpatient care, dietetic input, and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as significantly less beneficial than non‐autistic women when being treated for an ED.ConclusionThese findings increase understanding of autistic women's ED experience and can help to shape ED services and treatments to better accommodate the needs of their autistic clients.
Experimental study on improving coalbed methane extraction by chemical treatment using acetic acid or ammonium persulfate
Authors: Wang Qinghui , Chen Qiang , Liang Yunpei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAd‐/desorption and diffusion processes are the key factors controlling methane production from coal. The experiments used samples from methane‐producing coal seams with different contents of carbonate mineral and different ranks. Acid treatment using 1.0 mol/L acetic acid (CH3COOH) and oxidant treatment using 1.0 mol/L ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) were conducted on these coal samples to observe the changes in surface functional groups that act as primary sorption sites and pore structure that determines diffusivity by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the acidizing‐related mass loss of coal samples is in the range of 3.78%–7.57% due to the complete dissolution of pore‐ and fracture‐filling carbonate minerals. For the coal samples after oxidizing treatment, dissolution evidence can be observed in both carbonate minerals and organic matter, with a mass loss ranging from 2.01% to 3.0%. Acidizing or oxidizing induced dissolution can destroy aliphatic functional groups and the cross‐linked structure of coal, resulting in a decrease in methane adsorption capacity that is beneficial to methane desorption. More opened pores and interconnected fractures can be observed in SEM images due to the dissolution of carbonate minerals, suggesting an alteration of methane diffusion pathways in the coal matrix. Although only some of the carbonate minerals were dissolved following oxidant treatment, coal organic matter is partially oxidized and generates some dissolution pores, which provides more methane diffusion pathways in the coal matrix. Therefore, all the treated coal samples showed a reduction in methane adsorption capacity and an enhancement of desorption capacity and diffusivity. This result suggests that chemical treatment in coal seams using acetic acid or oxidant has the potential to improve coalbed methane extraction.
Exploring the impact of metabolic imaging in head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Dias Domingues Diana Raquel , Leech Michelle M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTarget volume delineation is performed with anatomical imaging for head and neck cancer. Molecular imaging allows the recognition of specific tumor regions. Its inclusion in the pathway could lead to changes in delineation and resultant treatment plans.MethodsPRISMA methodology was adhered to when selecting the articles for analysis and only full articles were quality assessed.ResultsSeventeen articles were included. Gross tumor volume (GTV) primary, GTV nodal, and other target volumes were evaluated. Positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) produced smaller primary GTVs, although not with diffusion‐weighted imaging‐magnetic resonance imaging (DWI‐MRI) or PET/MRI. The impact of these image modalities on GTV nodal did not display any consistency. Additionally, there was considerable heterogeneity in metrics comparing delineations. Four studies included appraised the dosimetric impact of the changes in target volume delineation.ConclusionQuantifying the impact of molecular imaging is difficult, due to heterogeneity in reporting metrics in molecular imaging modalities and a paucity of detail regarding delineation method and guideline adherence.
Sonographic findings of COVID‐19 related acute scrotal infection and associations with clinical‐laboratory data
Authors: Aydin Sonay , Tokur Oğuzhan , Kazci Omer , Ece Bunyamin , Karavas Erdal , Kantarci Mecit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, patients present to hospitals with a wide range of symptoms. Some of these symptoms include acute orchitis and epididymitis. The goal of this research is to see if COVID‐19 infection and scrotal infection are associated.Materials and methodsPatients with a COVID‐19 (+) who agreed to a scrotal ultrasound (US) examination were studied prospectively in a tertiary care center between October 2021 and February 2022. The severity of the disease was used to divide patients into groups. Patients diagnosed with acute scrotal infection based on scrotal ultrasonography findings were compared in these groups, as were their age, comorbidities, and laboratory data.ResultsThe median age of the 213 participants was 61.7 ± 8.3. During the ultrasonographic examination of the patients, 15 (7%), 8 (3.7%), 17 (7.9%), and 40 (18.7%) were diagnosed with acute orchitis, acute epididymitis, acute epididymo‐orchitis, and scrotal infection, respectively. Acute scrotal infection was far more common in patients with a higher clinical severity of the disease. The patients' comorbidities were also assessed, and it was discovered that they were statistically more common in the same group.ConclusionsEven if there are no clinical symptoms, ultrasonography can help detect acute scrotal infection in COVID‐19 patients. Furthermore, in groups with higher clinical severity, this association is more likely to be seen. It is critical to understand this in order to avoid complications.
Reconfiguration of connected graph partitions
Authors: Akitaya Hugo A. , Jones Matthew D. , Korman Matias , Korten Oliver , Meierfrankenfeld Christopher , Munje Michael J. , Souvaine Diane L. , Thramann Michael , Tóth Csaba D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivated by recent computational models for redistricting and detection of gerrymandering, we study the following problem on graph partitions. Given a graph and an integer , a ‐district map of is a partition of into nonempty subsets, called districts, each of which induces a connected subgraph of . A switch is an operation that modifies a ‐district map by reassigning a subset of vertices from one district to an adjacent district; a 1‐switch is a switch that moves a single vertex. We study the connectivity of the configuration space of all ‐district maps of a graph under 1‐switch operations. We give a combinatorial characterization for the connectedness of this space that can be tested efficiently. We prove that it is PSPACE‐complete to decide whether there exists a sequence of 1‐switches that takes a given ‐district map into another; and NP‐hard to find the shortest such sequence (even if a sequence of polynomial lengths is known to exist). We also present efficient algorithms for computing a sequence of 1‐switches that take a given ‐district map into another when the space is connected, and show that these algorithms perform a worst‐case optimal number of switches up to constant factors.
Reproducibility and variability of earthquake subsidence estimates from saltmarshes of a Cascadia estuary
Authors: Padgett Jason S. , Engelhart Simon E. , Kelsey Harvey M. , Witter Robert C. , Cahill Niamh 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine fossil foraminiferal assemblages from 20 sediment cores to assess sudden relative sea‐level (RSL) changes across three mud‐over‐peat contacts at three salt marshes in northern Humboldt Bay, California (~44.8°N, −124.2°W). We use a validated foraminiferal‐based Bayesian transfer function to evaluate the variability of subsidence stratigraphy at a range of 30‐6000 m across an estuary. We use the consistency in RSL reconstructions to support estimates of coseismic subsidence from megathrust earthquakes. To assess the variability of subsidence estimates, we analyzed: nine examples of the 1700 CE earthquake (average of 0.64 ±0.14 m subsidence; range of 0.24 ± 0.27 to 1.00 ± 0.44 m), five examples of the ca. 875 cal a BP earthquake (average of 0.43 ±0.16 m; range of 0.41 ± 0.36 to 0.48 ± 0.39 m), and six examples of the ca. 1120 cal a BP earthquake (average of 0.70±0.18 m; range of 0.47 ± 0.36 to 0.80 ± 0.49 m). Our subsidence estimates suggest ~±0.3 m of within‐site (intrasite) variability, which is consistent with previous research. We also identify inconsistencies between sites (intersite) at northern Humboldt Bay greater than one‐sigma uncertainties, driven by variable foraminiferal assemblages in the mud overlying the 1700 CE subsidence contact. Therefore, we recommend at least two quantitative microfossil reconstructions across the same stratigraphic sequence from different marsh sites within an estuary to account for estimate variability and provide increased confidence in vertical coseismic deformation estimates. Our results have broad implications for quantitative, microfossil‐based reconstructions of coseismic subsidence at temperate coastlines globally.
Water in ionic liquids: Raman spectroscopic studies
Authors: Saha Satyen , Verma Abhineet , Bandyopadhyay Krishanu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe application of Raman spectroscopy in studies of ionic liquid (IL) systems having water is presented here. The presence of water can be intentional or unintentional. Since water severely affects IL's physical and chemical properties, it is very important not only to identify but also to understand the role of water. It will be evident from this short review that Raman spectroscopy has immensely helped to understand the IL/water mixture at the molecular level.
Multifunctional Laser Imaging of Cancer Cell Secretion with Hybrid Liquid Crystal Resonators
Authors: Gong Chaoyang , Sun Fangyuan , Yang Guang , Wang Chenlu , Huang Changjin , Chen Yu‐Cheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLaser emission imaging is an emerging technology, which offers immense potential for revealing biological behavior with enhanced light‐matter interactions and signal contrast. State‐of‐the‐art lasers mostly provide physical information of cells, without being able to perform various biochemical functions or biological information of cell. Here this need is addressed by introducing hybrid liquid crystal microlaser resonators, an approach for label‐free laser emission imaging of secreted molecules associated with various types of cell–environment interaction. Liquid crystal microdroplets are designed as signal amplifiers to report subtle molecular events sandwiched in a Fabry–Pérot microcavity. Through the integration with a galvometer scanner, dynamic information of cell physiological processes is recorded through different lasing wavelengths. The capability of detecting small molecule, redox oxygen species, to larger molecules such as overexpressed proteins is demonstrated by using pancreatic cancer cell line. The capability of monitoring cell responses to anticancer drug is also illustrated. The proposed concept can be extended to multiplexed biolasers for investigating cell signaling, cell–cell interactions, and drug screening.
Estimation of diaphragm depth based on waist circumference in the Thai population
Authors: Tongprasert Siam , Saeng‐xuto Warut , Kuvijitsuwan Pornsuree , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk , Khunachiva Jeeranan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThere is a potential risk of causing a pneumothorax during needle electromyography of the diaphragm. The diaphragm depth can be estimated from body mass index (BMI), but this may not be practical in bedbound patients. The objectives of this study were to formulate correlation equations to estimate diaphragm depth based on waist circumference (WC) and determine their validity.MethodsPersonal data, weight, height, and WC were collected from healthy volunteers, and the diaphragm depth from the skin and diaphragm thickness of the participants were measured by ultrasonography. These data were used to formulate the equations for estimation of diaphragm depth based on WC, and the equations were validated by comparing the estimated diaphragm depths between BMI‐based equations and WC‐based equations.ResultsA total of 100 volunteers (48 men and 52 women) were recruited. The median age of the participants was 27 y (interquartile range, 26). The mean WC was 83.3 cm (SD, 7.8 cm). The diaphragm depth ranged between 1.0 and 2.7 cm. Equations for estimation of the diaphragm depth were created for each hemidiaphragm using data from 80 participants: left hemidiaphragm depth = (0.03 × WC) − 0.89 (r2 = 0.56); right hemidiaphragm depth = (0.03 × WC) − 0.94 (r2 = 0.55) with 10%–20% errors in 20 tested participants. The estimated diaphragm depths calculated from BMI and WC were comparable.DiscussionThe WC‐based equation can be used in addition to palpation techniques for guiding needle EMG insertion when ultrasound guidance is not available.
Klingende Schalen aus Bronze
Authors: Korn‐Müller Andreas , Schropp Thomas 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungWasserklangschalen dienen im asiatischen Kulturraum schon seit Jahrhunderten sowohl als Musikinstrument als auch zur Meditation. Ihr ungewöhnliches Resonanzverhalten, das zu ihrem typischen, sonoren Klang und zum Springbrunnen‐Effekt führt, lässt sich mit Hilfe einer Frequenzmess‐App und einfachen Experimenten untersuchen. Daraus ergibt sich, dass der Ton der Klangschale unabhängig vom Wasserfüllstand ist, da die hörbaren Frequenen im äußeren Bereich entstehen.
Breath‐dependent pressure fluctuations in various constant‐ and variable‐flow neonatal CPAP devices
Authors: Auer‐Hackenberg Lorenz , Stroicz Patricia , Hofstätter Edda , Brandner Johannes , Haselmann Clemens , Wald Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices, pressure can be generated by two different mechanisms: either via an expiratory valve or by one or more jets. Valved CPAP devices are referred to as constant‐flow devices, and jet devices are called variable‐flow devices. Constant‐flow CPAP devices are said to reduce the imposed work of breathing due to lower breath‐dependent pressure fluctuations. The present study investigates the performance of various constant‐ and variable‐flow CPAP devices in relation to breath‐dependent pressure fluctuations.DesignExperimental study comparing the pressure fluctuations incurred by seven neonatal CPAP devices attached to an active neonatal lung model.MethodologySpontaneous breathing was simulated using a tidal volume of 6 ml at pressure levels of 5, 7, and 9 mbar. The main outcomes were respiratory pressure fluctuations, tidal volume, and end‐expiratory pressure.ResultsAll CPAP devices tested showed respiratory pressure fluctuations, varying from 0.631 to 3.466 mbar. The generated tidal volume correlated significantly with the pressure fluctuations (r = −0.947; p = 0.001) and varied between 5.550 and 6.316 ml. CPAP devices with jets showed no advantage over CPAP devices with expiratory valves. End‐expiratory pressure in the nose deviated from the set pressure between −1.305 and 0.644 mbar and varied depending on whether the pressure was measured in the device or in the tube extending to the nose.ConclusionDuring standard spontaneous breathing, breath‐dependent pressure fluctuations in constant‐ and variable‐flow devices are comparable. Pressure measurements taken in the tubing system can lead to a considerable deviation of the applied pressure.
Using Wavy Fuel Surface to Improve the Performance of the Solid Fuel Ramjets
Authors: Reyhani Alireza , Tahsini Amir Mahdi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a new idea to augment the fuel regression rate in solid fuel ramjets. The heat transfer rate from the reacting flow field into the surface of the solid fuel grain determines directly its regression rate in this propulsion system, which is very low in comparison with solid rocket motors leads the low thrust levels. This innovative simple practical method is based on the geometrical treatment of the fuel grain, making the smooth ribs as a wavy surface, to increase the turbulence and the heat transfer rate into the evaporating surface where the fuel flow rate is determined. The finite volume solver of the turbulent reacting compressible flow is developed to study the flow field where the burning rate is computed using the conjugate heat transfer for the solid fuel. The influence of the amplitude and the period of the cosine function as the fuel surface geometry are investigated on the regression rate, and it is shown that the amplitude is more effective, and utilizing such surface treatments helps to augment considerably the fuel average regression rate.
Theoretical Study on the Gas‐Phase Oxidation Mechanism of Ethylene by Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Li Yuyan , Jiang Rongpei , Xu Sen , Gong Xuedong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe application of nitrous oxide (N2O) as a candidate oxidant provides a new opportunity for green propellants and propulsion systems. In this study, reaction paths are calculated by the DFT method in the B3LYP/6‐31++G** approximation for direct oxidation of ethylene with nitrous oxide. The results indicate that the reaction between N2O and C2H4 proceeds by a chain reaction mechanism. The reaction prefers the mechanism including 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of N2O to the double bond with the formation of unstable 4,5‐dihydro‐[1,2,3] oxadiazole intermediate via a transition state with an activation energy barrier of 102.54 kJ/mol, which is far below than that of N2O or C2H4 decomposition. Subsequently, the next step is the decomposition of these intermediates through hydrogen transfer within the hydrocarbon backbone and the formation of the final products.
Simultaneous monitoring of volatile organic contaminant concentration and controlling factors for vapor intrusion risk evaluations—Two select cases
Authors: Kram Mark , Hartman Blayne , Frescura Cliff 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends basing vapor intrusion risk‐related decisions on reasonable maximum exposure (RME). The RME can occur during conditions and factors that control advective vapor transport. The most common vapor intrusion assessment approaches consist of randomly timed sample collection efforts without regard to vapor transport controlling factors. As such, they often do not accurately yield RME estimates and are, therefore, inconsistent with USEPA recommended risk decision criteria. To address these challenges, continuous high‐frequency monitoring platforms have been deployed to concurrently track indoor concentrations of key volatile constituents, climatic conditions, and nominal pressure differential conditions that can result in toxic vapor transport and entry into buildings. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how vapor intrusion RME‐based risks can be successfully and efficiently characterized by documenting concentrations during advective chemical transport into the building. Time series analyses of data from selected sites and time increments were performed and compared to results expected from the most commonly employed sampling methods. These analyses indicate that time‐weighted analyses and resulting conclusions and risk‐based decisions can vary depending upon the sample timing. More specifically, these findings demonstrate that RME estimates will only be representative with a sufficient level of confidence when samples are collected at appropriate times. High‐frequency monitoring of dynamic concentration and controlling factors, and determination of a time‐weighted concentration average over a selected duration concurrent with advective flux conditions allows for the derivation of a representative RME‐based risk estimate. Furthermore, these variable temporal data patterns can prove insightful regarding cause‐and‐effect relationships.