bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Selection, Technological Progress, and the Origin of Human Longevity
Authors: Grall Lothar , Meckl Jürgen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper suggests that feedback effects between technological progress and human longevity lie at the heart of their common emergence in human history. It connects two major research questions. First, the long life span after menopause is a unique but puzzling feature of humans among primates. Second, the shift in human behavior at least 50,000 years ago, which led to an unprecedented pace of technological progress, is still not well understood. The paper develops an evolutionary growth theory that builds on the trade–off between the quantity and the quality of offspring. It suggests that early technological advances gradually increased the importance of intergenerational transfers of knowledge. Eventually, the fertility advantage shifted towards individuals that were characterized by higher parental investment in offspring and a significant post–reproductive life span. Subsequently, the rise in human longevity reinforced the process of development and laid the foundations for sustained technological progress. As a key feature, the theory resolves the debate about a “revolution” in human behavior in an entirely new way. It shows that a gradual emergence of modern behavior is sufficient to trigger a demographic shift that appears as a “behavioral revolution” in the archeological record.
Integrated design and analysis of inlet and missile with two side layout
Authors: Liu Fuzhou , Yuan Huacheng , Liu Jun , Xu Lingfeng , Zhou Zhenggui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based on the flow field characteristics of the missile body, an integrated design method for missile and inlet with two side layout is proposed under asymmetric inflow. The result of numerical simulation shows that shock waves hit on cowl lip on the symmetry plane at the design condition, which verifies the method of integrated design. And the flow characteristics of inlet under the influence of the missile body are analyzed. Under the influence of asymmetric incoming flow and missile body, the first shock wave surface of the two-dimensional inlet presents the characteristics of a three-dimensional concave surface, and there is a pair of asymmetric vortex structures in the inner flow path. Finally, a bleed cavity of self-adaptively adjusting bleeding by vortex is proposed to improve the performance of inlet and broaden the inlet start and attack angle boundary. The minimum Mach number of the inlet start is reduced from 2.8 to 2.3 at ɑ = 6° and the maximum attack angle of inlet start is widened from ɑ = −1° to ɑ = 3° at Ma = 2.1.
A Discourse of Islamic Law on Environmental Protection and Sustanability: How are religious values transferred into Indonesian Environmental Law?
Authors: Rohman Agus Taufiqur , Ibrahim Aminullah 
Published: December 2022

Apart from prohibiting causing damage to the earth, Islam also has an obligation to protect the environment and respect the universe which includes the universe which includes humans, plants, animals, other living things, and non-living things. Preservation of nature and the environment is inseparable from the role of humans, environmental damage is a reflection of the decline in the level of human faith. This study discusses the discourse of Islamic law in environmental protection and environmental sustainability. This study uses a comparative approach and legal interpretation, especially in the context of Islamic law which relates to obligations regarding environmental protection. This study found that, in many literatures and the views of Muslim experts, it is emphasized that protecting the environment is the same as protecting property. God provides humans with treasures to live life on earth, and wealth is not only money, but also earth, trees and plants are treasures. This study highlighted that Quran Surah Al-Araf verse 56, "and do not make any damage on earth after Allah has repaired it and pray to Him with fear and hope. Indeed, Allah's mercy is very close to those who do good”, used as a proof of Islamic values on environmental protection. In this interpretation it is emphasized that this verse is an affirmation of the prohibition of all forms of damage. Therefore, efforts to preserve the environment are not only at the conceptual level, but also manifest in Muslim life.
Cuantificación del porcentaje de grano quebrado total en arroz (Oryza sativa L.) mediante análisis digital de imágenes
Authors: Zúñiga Picado Luis Arley , Campos Boza Stefanny , Mora Chaves Juan Roberto , Barboza-Barquero Luis 
Published: December 2022

Introducción. El análisis digital de imágenes (ADI), se puede utilizar para evaluar parámetros de calidad de los granos de arroz, como el porcentaje de grano entero. Objetivo. Cuantificar el porcentaje de grano quebrado total mediante análisis digital de imágenes (ADI) aplicado a la cuantificación de calidad de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). Materiales y métodos. El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en las instalaciones del Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas (CIGRAS) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), en el año 2021. Se trabajó con muestras de arroz pilado comercial. Se desarrolló una placa muestral para facilitar el acomodo de los granos y adquirir las imágenes digitales. Para los porcentajes de puntilla, grano quebrado y grano entero se utilizaron los parámetros de longitud establecidos en el reglamento técnico de Costa Rica RTCR 202:1998, los cuales se cuantificaron de forma convencional y por medio de imágenes digitales. El ADI incluyó el proceso de segmentación y binarización de los objetos (puntilla, grano quebrado y grano entero), para cuantificar sus áreas y catalogar los elementos identificados digitalmente en valores de peso. Resultados. Se logró cuantificar el porcentaje de puntilla y de grano quebrado con ADI. La correlación entre las variables cuantificadas con ADI con las evaluadas de forma convencional fue mayor a 0,93 para la propiedad de puntilla y de 0,98 para grano quebrado. El análisis convencional requiere entre 1 a 2 horas para determinar el porcentaje de grano quebrado total y demás propiedades de calidad en cada muestra de arroz. El análisis digital requiere de 7 a 23 minutos por placa muestral, para analizar la totalidad de las propiedades evaluadas (puntilla y grano quebrado). Conclusiones. El método de análisis digital aplicado permitió determinar las propiedades de grano quebrado total en muestras compuestas por cientos de granos.
Social enterprise development in a disadvantaged community
Authors: Gosztonyi Márton 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a nearly ten-year-long process of covering the history of social enterprise development in a small village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary. The paper covers the hermeneutical interpretation of the process, the role and relationship between the community and the social enterprise developer, the process of development work, and how university education complements this process. The case study provides insights into the theory of community planning, the methodology of social-enterprise development and the issue of empowerment.
Sedges of Indiana and the Adjacent States. The Carex species. Vol. 2
Authors: McKenzie Paul M. 
Published: December 2022

The volume includes detailed treatments of species; excellent keys that include species that occur in adjacent states; incredible glossy photographs on habit and plant parts that are helpful in species identification (roots, culm leaves, sheaths, inflorescences, perigynia, achenes); references; coefficients of conservatism for each species; taxonomic changes since Deam’s (1940) early treatment of the genus; glossary; and an index.
Diagnostic capabilities of breast scintigraphy and molecular imaging of the mammary glands in the detection of various biological subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Popova N.  S. , Novikov S. N. , Krzhivitskiy P.  I. , Zhukova L. A. , Krivorotko P.  V. , Artemyeva A.  S. , Michnin A. E. , Valitova A. A. , Danilov V. V. , Chyornaya A. V. , Tabagua T. T. , Bryantseva Zh.  V. , Akulova I.  A. , Kanaev S.  V. 
Published: December 2022

Background. The accurate and early diagnosis of breast cancer can improve efficacy of the treatment. The standard diagnostic methods such as mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance tomography have a pivotal role in the detection of breast tumors, however, in some cases, they have low diagnostic accuracy. Mammoscintigraphy (MSG) / molecular breast imaging (MBI) with tumor-specific radiopharmacy 99mTc-Technetril in patients with breast cancer can considerably increase the accuracy of diagnosis. However, the diagnostic performance of MSG / MBI in the detection of different biological subtypes of breast cancer is still under investigation.Aim. To evaluate the accuracy of MSG / MBI with 99mTc-Technetril in diagnosis of different biological subtypes of breast cancer.Materials and methods. The analysis included the results of MSG / MBI of 1080 patients (2154 mammary glands), who were examined for suspected breast cancer. MSG / MBI were performed 5–15 min after intravenous injection into the vein of one of the feet of 370–740 MBq of tumor-specific radiopharmacy 99mTc-Technetril. Examinations performed from 2007–2020 was carried out on the emission computed tomography Forte (Philips); since 2020 the molecular visualization has been providing on the special gamma-camera Discovery NM750b (General Electric). The obtained data were evaluated by 2 experienced radiologists. Verification of changes in breasts was provided by morphological examination (1060 cases) or dynamic observation.Results. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of MSG / MBI were 90 %, 98 %, 95 % correspondingly. When diagnosing tumors with a diameter of up to 10 mm, the sensitivity of MSG / MBI was decreased to 83 %. In patients with various biological subtypes, the sensitivity of MSG / MBI was as follows: luminal A – 88 %; luminal B– – 91 %; luminal B+ – 92 %; triple negative – 93 %; HER2-positive – 96 %. The intensity of tumor uptake depended on the biological subtype of breast cancer. The average values of the 99mTc-Technetril uptake coefficient were as follows: luminal A – 1.59; luminal B– – 1.71; luminal B+ – 1.95; triple negative – 1.93; HER2-positive – 2.22.Conclusion. Retrospective analysis indicate high diagnostic performance of MSG / MBI: sensitivity – 90 %, specificity – 98 %, accuracy – 95 %. There are significant differences in the intensity of 99mTc-Technetril accumulation in tumors in patients with different biological subtypes of breast cancer (p = 0.01–0.004). MSG / MBI characterized by significant differences in the sensitivity in the diagnosis of luminal A and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes: 88 % and 96 %, respectively (p = 0.02).
Model Skala Laboratorium Tanah Ekspansif Saat Mengembang dengan Beban Slab
Authors: Saputra Cahyo Agung , Setiawan Bambang , Purwana Yusep Muslih 
Published: December 2022

Tanah ekspansif termasuk dalam jenis tanah bermasalah yang sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan kadar air. Jenis tanah ini menyusut secara signifikan sebagai akibat dari perubahan volume pori, menciptakan gaya angkat pada struktur yang ada dan berpotensi merusaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat perilaku tanah ekspansif yang berada di bawah slab beton, mulai dari pola pengembangan, tekanan yang ditimbulkan ketika tanah mengembang dan kecepatan rambatan aliran air. Penelitian dilakukan secara experimen di Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah UNS Surakarta, alat uji utama yang digunakan dalam pengujian ini berbentuk box uji dua dimensi, parameter propertis tanah yang diuji adalah kadar air awal, specific gravity, grain size analysis, dan atterberg limit. Tanah ekspansif yang digunakan berasal dari daerah Sambungmacan. Hasil dari permodelan ini didapatkan, nilai tekanan pengembangan maksimum hasil uji menggunakan proving ring adalah sebesar 121,26 kPa dengan displacement maksimum 58,54 mm dan kecepatan rambatan air rata-rata 1,2094 mm/jam.
Oral mucosal involvement and frequency of Pemphigus vulgaris inpatients at Khartoum
Authors: Abualgasim Abubaker Osman Babiker , Ali Yousif Osman Yousif 
Published: December 2022

Pemphigus Vulgaris(PV) is a potentially life-threatening autoimmune disease with a high mortality rate and oral manifestations often being the earliest symptoms. The aim of this study is to describe the frequency of Pemphigus Vulgaris in terms of Age, gender, residence and geographic origin, to study its frequency, type, and site distribution of Oral mucosal lesions (OMLs), analyze its association with skin lesions and to correlate it with systemic diseases and mortality rate.A retrospective hospital based study was done using in-patient records at Khartoum Dermatology and Venereal diseases Teaching Hospital from Jan 2010 to Dec 2019. Clinical evaluation and histopathological records were the method of diagnosis. Study variable such as socio–demographic data, oral mucosal lesions (type, site, distribution), presence of skin lesions, association with chronic systemic diseases, mortality were used in the study. A structural data collection sheet questionnaire, modified from the standard (WHO) questionnaire of OMLs, was used.In this study, 321 (47.3%) patients out of 678 patients were diagnosed with PV, of which the most common age group reported was 31-50 years (41.8%), females (68.6%) were more affected. Out of 321 PV cases, OML reported in 227 (70.7%) patients. The majority of OMLs (81.9%) were reported in more than one site, among which the most common reported site was Lip (23.5%) and (32.4%) of PV cases were associated with chronic systemic diseases, (10.9%) with mortality, of which, 29 (82.9%) out of 35 cases, reported with OMLs and peak age group of mortality was (41-50 years) (41.5%) among which female had higher mortality (78.9%).PV was seen to be the most commonly manifesting mucocutaneous disease among the study population. Majority of the cases had oral mucosal lesions in concordance with previous studies and literature.
Risk analysis of social forestry business management of national economic recovery program in the peatland of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Kusbiantoro Dadang , Legowo Poerwaningsih S , Silvanita Ketuk , Hasnawir Hasnawir , Nuryanto Irsan 
Published: December 2022

Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that has experienced a negative economic impact due to the Covid-19 pandemic since early 2020. In overcoming this impact, the government has taken strategic steps by implementing the National Economic Recovery (PEN) program. One of the PEN programs implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is community economic development for peat farmer groups through the development of agroforestry food in 35 Social Forestry Business Groups (KUPS) in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. It is one of the regencies known to have quite a large peatland area in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the risk management of the 35 KUPS PEN program in peatland. A qualitative desk study methodology was used along with the fishbone model analysis. The results showed that various types of business activities had been developed by KUPS. In the management of social forestry businesses, various risks were identified starting from regional governance, institutional governance, and business governance. The PEN program implemented in 2020 showed a positive impact in improving the community's economy with a positive impact on ecology and socio-culture. This PEN activity has absorbed around 9,110 HOK (Working People's Day) local workers with 565 KUPS members. The implementation of this program can be replicated, especially for social forestry business groups in other areas.
Rola alternatywnych ścieżek przepływu elektronów w łańcuchu fotosyntetycznym roślin wyższych
Authors: Urban Aleksandra , Galas Marta , Rogowski Paweł 
Published: December 2022

Faza jasna fotosyntezy zachodzi w obrębie błon tylakoidowych chloroplastów, jej funkcją jest absorbcja światła i wykorzystanie jego energii do wytwarzania ATP i siły redukcyjnej NADPH. Główną ścieżką przepływu elektronów w łańcuchu fotosyntetycznym jest liniowy transport elektronów (LET), w którym uczestniczą oba fotosystemy (PSII, PSI). W trakcie LET produkowane są zarówno cząsteczki ATP jak i NADPH, jednak synteza tych związków jest niewystraczająca do pokrycia zapotrzebowania energetycznego cyklu Calvina. Ponadto, zaburzenia równowagi metabolicznej wynikające z warunków stresu środowiskowego, powodują zwiększenie zapotrzebowania na ATP, które nie może być w pełni pokryte przez LET. Dlatego też muszą istnieć alternatywne drogi przepływu elektronów. Należą do nich: cykliczny transport z udziałem kompleksu NDH lub kompleksu PGR5/PGRL1, cykl woda-woda, czy ścieżka z udziałem enzymu PTOX. Efektem aktywności alternatywnych dróg transportu elektronów jest utrzymanie optymalnego stosunku produkcji ATP/NADPH, wynikającego z aktualnego zapotrzebowania chloroplastu, co pozwala na regulowanie równowagi oksydoredukcyjnej i zawartości ATP.
Antyracjonalizm i rewolucja moralna. Socjalizm etyczny Sorela i Abramowskiego
Authors: Gniadek Michał 
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu jest omówienie i porównanie filozofii społecznej Georges’a Sorela i Edwarda Abramowskiego. W pierwszej części tekstu przedstawione zostaje podejście autorów do racjonalizmu, rozumianego jako stanowisko intelektualne, którego ontologiczne i epistemologiczne przesłanki wpływają na sposób myślenia o kwestiach społecznych, moralnych i politycznych. Wnioski z tej analizy wykorzystywane są w drugiej i trzeciej części tekstu, poświęconych odpowiednio pojęciom rewolucji i retrospektywnej utopii, które zarówno dla Sorela, jak i Abramowskiego mają przede wszystkim wartość etyczną. O ile jednak Sorel podporządkowuje przyszłą rewolucję spontanicznemu, irracjonalnemu działaniu proletariatu, któremu przyświeca mit strajku generalnego, o tyle w ujęciu Abramowskiego owa spontaniczność działania ma się realizować w spółdzielniach, syndykatach i ruchach etycznych, które stopniowo wychowują człowieka przyszłości. Obu łączy jednak skłonność do idealizowania wspólnot istniejących w przeszłości, które są dla nich źródłem moralnych ideałów. Ostatecznie okazuje się, że rozum, będący podstawą nowoczesnego społeczeństwa i symbolem postawy skłonnej do uproszczeń i abstrakcji, nie tylko musi zostać zniesiony, ale także zastąpiony ludzką wolnością i kreatywnością.
Does the use of supraglottic device in rabbits cause less injury than other airway management devices?
Authors: Gheini Jasmine , Zaki Sanaa 
Published: December 2022

PICO question
In rabbits, undergoing general anaesthesia, does the placement of a v-gel® device result in less airway trauma compared to the use of other airway management devices?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Three papers were critically appraised, two blinded randomised experimental trial studies and one randomised crossover experimental trial study
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
One blinded randomised trial study demonstrated that the trauma to the upper airways of rabbits during anaesthesia is not significantly different between the use of v-gel® and an endotracheal tube. The other blinded randomised trial study demonstrated that the trauma to the upper airway caused by endotracheal intubation is significantly more than that caused by v-gel® placement. The randomised crossover trial study demonstrated that v-gel® placement causes more significant compression to the larynx compared to a laryngeal mask or face mask
Conclusion
The current evidence suggests that use of the v-gel® in rabbits causes less trauma / injury to the airways compared to placement of an endotracheal tube but not compared to the use of a laryngeal or face mask. However, based on the low number and quality of published studies, this evidence is weak, and better-quality studies are required to support the routine use of v-gel® over other airway devices in rabbits. While v-gel® may be a safer alternative for securing airways in rabbits compared to endotracheal intubation, knowing the injuries this device can cause to the upper airways is useful for managing rabbits during post anaesthesia recovery

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
MENANAMKAN SIKAP PEDULI LINGKUNGAN YANG BERSIH MELALUI MEDIA BERUPA GAMBAR-GAMBAR
Authors: Syauqi Muhammad Irfani 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis study aims to instill an attitude of caring for a clean environment, especially around the school environment, which is precisely at MIN 2 Druju Malang. Then in instilling an attitude of caring for the environment, which was connected with the science subjects at that time, namely how to maintain the respiratory organs. In instilling an attitude of caring for the environment, it must also be built from an early age so that later the students at MIN 2 Druju Malang can care for the surrounding environment. these are the fifth grade students of MIN 2 Druju Malang, totaling 26 students and will be held on September 30, 2021. When instilling an attitude of caring for the environment, they also use media in the form of a collection of pictures on manila paper. After that, the method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive, and the result in the research process instilling a clean environment care attitude is that the fifth grade students can apply this attitude by picking up trash around their class which is one form of their care for the environment..Keywords: Instilling an attitude of caring for the environment; education; and media images.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk bagaimana cara menanamkan sikap peduli lingkungan yang bersih terutama di sekitar lingkungan sekolah tepatnya pada MIN 2 Druju Malang. Kemudian dalam menanamkan sikap peduli lingkungan ini dimana dihubungkan dengan mata pelajaran IPA saat itu yaitu tentang cara memelihara organ pernapasan. Dalam menamkan sikap peduli lingkungan ini juga harus dibangun sejak dini supaya kelak para siswa-siswi di MIN 2 Druju Malang dapat peduli terhadap di lingkungan sekitarnya. Sehingga salah satu caranya ini termasuk melalui pendidikan yang mana adalah sarana utuk pendewasaan diri para siswa lalu subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas V MIN 2 Druju Malang yang berjumlah 26 siswa dan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 30 September 2021. Ketika menanamkan sikap peduli lingkungaan ini juga menggunakan media yang berupa kumpulan gambar-gambar dalam kertas manila. Setelah itu metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dan hasilnya dalam proses penelitain menanamkan sikap peduli lingkungan yang bersih ini yaitu para siswa-siswi kelas V bisa menerapkan sikap tersebut dengan mengambil sampah disekitar kelasnya dimana itu salah satu bentuk peduli mereka terhadap lingkungan.