bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Pregnancy
Authors: Odedokun Temitope , Marquez Rafael , Thakkar Meera , Dinglas Cheryl , Kady Dina El 
Published: October 2022

Objective The purpose of the study is to evaluate the acceptance rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among pregnant women at our institution prior to recommendations by national organizations (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists/The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine) in July 2021 and to determine whether factors including health disparities are associated with acceptance.
Study Design This is an Institutional Review Board exempt descriptive study. Anonymous surveys were administered from February 2021 to May 2021 to pregnant patients at Mount Sinai South Nassau's affiliated Maternal Fetal Medicine office. The survey was completed by 701 pregnant women. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the overall sample, as well as separately by group (acceptance versus declining/undecided about getting the COVID-19 vaccine). The two groups were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and the two-sample t-test. Analysis was compared between two groups (patients who accepted the COVID-19 vaccine and people who declined/undecided about the vaccine). A result was considered statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level of significance.
Results Of the 701 pregnant women who completed the survey, 96 patients accepted the vaccine. More pregnant women who were older accepted the COVID-19 vaccine compared with those who were younger (p = 0.0343). Pregnant women willing to get the flu vaccine and/or the Tdap vaccine in pregnancy were more likely to obtain the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.05). Pregnant patients who had household members willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine sought to obtain the vaccine for themselves (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, pregnant women who had an underlying respiratory illness in the pregnancy were less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine than those who had either other or no medical problems (p < 0.05).
Conclusion There is a low rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women (13.69%). Efforts should be made to encourage the vaccine in this vulnerable population to protect them from the health risks of the COVID-19 virus.
Key Points
Varied Clinical Presentation and Management of Calvarial Metastases
Authors: Gupta Sweety , Sharma Gaurav , Sajeevan Sanjay , Raut Sagar N. , Ahuja Rachit , Joseph Deepa , Gupta Amit , Gupta Manoj 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCalvarium and skull base can be affected by a variety of benign, tumor-like, and malignant processes. Skull metastases (SMs) may be located in any layer of the skull and may be incidental or present with neurological symptoms during the diagnostic workup. In the present study, we discuss the occurrence of SMs from various index malignancies and their myriad clinical presentation. This data-based study includes patients of bone metastases between June 2018 and July 2020. Patients with skull bone metastases were recognized, and location of primary site, their clinical presentation, and management strategy were noted. Ten patients with skull bone metastases were identified during this period. Four patients had skull base location with clinical manifestation as syndromes. Six patients had primary from breast cancer, three from Ewing's sarcoma, and one from lung cancer. Management varied according to the primary site and symptoms of each patient. SM, though not rare, is often diagnosed incidentally but presents diagnostic and management challenges in the patient with cancer.
Agri-food tech’s building block: narrating protein, agnostic of source, in the face of crisis
Authors: Guthman Julie , Biltekoff Charlotte 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInventive producers in Silicon Valley and other innovations sectors are going beyond the simulated animal products of plant-based proteins and cellular technologies to produce a third generation of protein products, making protein the leading edge of high tech food innovation. Since innovators draw on sources not generally recognized as food these products are speculative as both foods and investments. Building on scholarship that examines edibility formation of so-called alternative proteins, we show the deployment of three interlocking narratives that make novel protein products both edible and investible: protein is ubiquitous and protean, which provides myriad opportunities for technological transformation; its longtime associations with vigor, strength and energy, along with current day obsessions with the negatives of fats and carbohydrates, renders it the one remaining macronutrient that it is unequivocally good; and widely circulated discourses of both future shortages and the problems with contemporary livestock production makes producing more an almost indisputable solution. While innovators and investors act as if protein needs this sector to solve an impending crisis and bring its possibilities to fruition, we suggest the inverse—that without protein the sector would be nearly barren of novelty and food, much less the disruption and impact routinely claimed.
A portable flash x-ray generator powered by an explosive driven ferroelectric generator
Authors: Wu Youcheng , Geng Lidong , Deng Jianjun , Liu Gaomin , He Hongliang 
Published: October 2022

In order to develop a portable flash x-ray source, a compact explosive pulsed power source based on an explosive-driven ferroelectric generator (EDFEG) is investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. The EDFEG is used as a primary power supply to charge a pulse capacitor, and then the capacitor outputs high current through an inductor and an electrical exploding opening switch (EEOS). Finally, a high voltage fast pulse is generated on a diode, which generates x rays. A circuit model was built to analyze the performance of this compact pulsed power source. A portable flash x-ray generator prototype was constructed in our laboratory. The typical experimental results illustrated that after metal wires of the EEOS exploded, a high-voltage fast pulse with a peak value of 180 kV, a rise time of 2.8 ns, and a pulse width of 30 ns was generated on the x-ray diode. Meanwhile, an x-ray pulse with a pulse width of 19 ns, a focus of about 1 mm, and a dose of 100 mR at 15 cm was obtained.
Considerations in the protection of marsupial gliders and other mature-forest dependent fauna in areas of intensive logging in the tall forests of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Wardell-Johnson Grant W. , Robinson Todd P. 
Published: October 2022

Context The tall forests of Victoria, Australia, which are available for logging, are foreshadowed to be converted from mature forest to hostile environments for mature-forest dependent species by 2030. This has occurred within a 60-year time-frame since the advent of industrial-scale logging in the region. In this light, Protection Areas (PAs) of approximately 100 ha have been implemented to protect habitat with high density populations of Yellow-bellied Gliders (Petaurus australis) and Southern Greater Gliders (Petauroides volans). Aims and methods Ten considerations are provided to guide location and design of PAs, and to provide set asides and other forms of protection for mature-forest dependent species in the context of the temporal and spatial scale of logging activity. Key results Considerations are grouped into Overall approach (precautionary), Survey records and habitat attributes (occurrence, habitat, vegetation types), Size and shape considerations (edge and fragmentation effects); Management history (logging and fire), and Boundary considerations (context and conditions). In addition, set asides encompassing home ranges; and high levels of basal area retention, are also required in the remainder of planned logging coupes. Conclusions Addressing these considerations in PAs, in set asides and in retention will provide some protection for mature-forest dependent species, but will be insufficient without ecologically sustainable forest management at the coupe level, for the sustained yield of all habitat components of these forests. Implications The conservation of mature-forest dependent species in the context of an ongoing timber industry requires logging return times well beyond current expectations, resulting in a substantial reduction in resource commitment to industry.
Structural and functional investigation of ABC transporter STE6-2p from
Pichia pastoris
reveals unexpected interaction with sterol molecules
Authors: Schleker E. Sabine M. , Buschmann Sabine , Xie Hao , Welsch Sonja , Michel Hartmut , Reinhart Christoph 
Published: October 2022

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are multidomain transmembrane proteins, which facilitate the transport of various substances across cell membranes using energy derived from ATP hydrolysis. They are important drug targets since they mediate decreased drug susceptibility during pharmacological treatments. For the methylotrophic yeast
Pichia pastoris
, a model organism that is a widely used host for protein expression, the role and function of its ABC transporters is unexplored. In this work, we investigated the
Pichia
ABC-B transporter STE6-2p. Functional investigations revealed that STE6-2p is capable of transporting rhodamines in vivo and is active in the presence of verapamil and triazoles in vitro. A phylogenetic analysis displays homology among multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters from pathogenic fungi to human ABC-B transporters. Further, we present high-resolution single-particle electron cryomicroscopy structures of an ABC transporter from
P. pastoris
in the apo conformation (3.1 Å) and in complex with verapamil and adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) (3.2 Å). An unknown density between transmembrane helices 4, 5, and 6 in both structures suggests the presence of a sterol-binding site of unknown function.
The invasive hornet
Vespa velutina
: distribution, impacts and management options
Authors: Lioy S. , Bergamino C. , Porporato M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The Asian yellow-legged hornet
Vespa velutina
is an invasive alien species introduced and widespread in several countries of Europe and Asia. Its diffusion generates relevant environmental and socio-economic impacts. Environmental impacts include threats to the native insect biodiversity and the pollination ecosystem services. Socio-economic impacts include threats to the apiculture sector, economic consequences for the adoption of management strategies, social concern and health issues. Different options were developed and adopted for (i) preventing the introduction of
V. velutina
, (ii) early detecting its presence, (iii) eradicating populations at the initial stage of invasion or (iv) controlling populations for limiting and mitigating its impacts. The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview about the distribution, impacts and options for managing
V. velutina
populations, through a literature review of the published academic documents. Moreover, this study highlights that some topics received little attention (impacts of
V. velutina
on the biodiversity, on the pollination ecosystem services, on the economy) or require further research efforts (effective control methods for
V. velutina
); therefore, future research should be directed towards filling these gaps of knowledge.
Physically motivated ansatz for the Kerr spacetime
Authors: Baines Joshua , Visser Matt 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite some 60 years of work on the subject of the Kerr rotating black hole there is as yet no widely accepted physically based and pedagogically viable ansatz suitable for deriving the Kerr solution without significant computational effort. (Typically involving computer-aided symbolic algebra.) Perhaps the closest one gets in this regard is the Newman–Janis trick; a trick which requires several physically unmotivated choices in order to work. Herein we shall try to make some progress on this issue by using a non-ortho-normal tetrad based on oblate spheroidal coordinates to absorb as much of the messy angular dependence as possible, leaving one to deal with a relatively simple angle-independent tetrad-component metric. That is, we shall write

g

a
b

=

g

A
B

e

A

a

e
B

b

seeking to keep both the tetrad-component metric g

AB
and the non-ortho-normal co-tetrad

e

A

a

relatively simple but non-trivial. We shall see that it is possible to put all the mass dependence into g

AB
, while the non-ortho-normal co-tetrad

e

A

a

can be chosen to be a mass-independent representation of flat Minkowski space in oblate spheroidal coordinates:

(

g

M
i
n
k
o
w
s
k
i

)

a
b

=

η

A
B

e

A

a

e
B

b

. This procedure separates out, to the greatest extent possible, the mass dependence from the rotational dependence, and makes the Kerr solution perhaps a little less mysterious.
Challenges in addressing student difficulties with measurement uncertainty of two-state quantum systems using a multiple-choice question sequence in online and in-person classes
Authors: Hu Peter , Li Yangqiuting , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Research-validated multiple-choice questions comprise an easy-to-implement instructional tool that serves to scaffold student learning and formatively assess students’ knowledge. We present findings from the implementation, in consecutive years, of a research-validated multiple-choice question sequence on measurement uncertainty as it applies to two-state quantum systems. This study was conducted in an advanced undergraduate quantum mechanics course, in online and in-person learning environments for consecutive years. Student learning was assessed after receiving traditional lecture-based instruction in relevant concepts, and their performance was compared with that of a similar assessment given after engaging with the multiple-choice question sequence. We analyze and discuss the similar and differing trends observed in the two modes of instruction.
Off-axis electric field due to cylindrical geometries of charge distribution
Authors: Park Changsoo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Off-axis electric field due to cylindrical distribution of charge is studied in various geometries, including solid cylinder, cylindrical shell, disk, and ring. The electric fields of the charged solid cylinder and cylindrical shell can be found by numerical calculations, but closed forms expressed in terms of elliptic integrals are derived for the charged disk and ring. By investigating the radial and axial components of the electric fields systematically we reveal many interesting and new features that are implicit or unseen in the ordinary approach based on the cylindrical symmetry.
A low scattering tightly coupled dipole array based on frequency-selective polarization converter
Authors: Liu Chao , Qin Zhe , Li Yongfeng , Liu Tonghao , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a low radar cross section (RCS) tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) based on novel dual-polarized frequency-selective polarization converter (FSPC) has been proposed. The proposed FSPC structure is comprised of a polarization conversion metasurface and a band-pass frequency selective surface, and the coding sequence of FSPC can be derived by simulated annealing algorithm to achieve simulated mono-static RCS reduction. The process of the co-design of the TCDA with FSPC is presented, and the radiation performance of the antenna array meets the design requirements. A TCDA sample and 20 × 20 FSPC elements were designed and fabricated. The measured results indicated that a significant reflection reduction from 15 GHz to 21 GHz compared with a metallic plane of the same size at the boresight, and the simulated and measured normalized radiation patterns are in good agreement.
Classification of damage types in liquid-filled buried pipes based on deep learning
Authors: Ma Qi , Du Guofeng , Yu Zeyu , Yuan Hongqiang , Wei Xiaolong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In long-distance pipelines, this type of local damage can lead to different forms of damage. Ultrasound (UT)-guided wave technology can detect channel damage at a distance and reduce the workforce and material resources. Deep learning has the advantages of high efficiency and accuracy for pipeline damage classification and identification. This study proposes a classification method that combines UT-guided waves with deep residual neural networks. First, the time-series data of the defect echoes are encoded into different types of images using the glare angular field matrix. Then, the features of the generated images are extracted using ResNet. Finally, it is put into Faster-RCNN for training, validation and defect type recognition. Finite element models containing cracked, square and circular defects were built to verify the effectiveness of the method. The network models were trained for classification, testing and validation using pipes with broken defects. Finite element analysis results show that the network model classifies cracked, square and circular defects with different damage levels with accuracy, recall and F1-score indices close to 90%, and the experimental results show that the network model has an identification accuracy of approximately 90%. Furthermore, the results show that the Faster-RCNN-ResNet model is more accurate in identifying complex pipeline defect types than machine learning and other deep learning methods. The model shows good feasibility and effectiveness in classifying the damage types of long-transmission buried pipelines.
Investigation on refractive index sensing characteristics based on multimode fiber specklegram
Authors: Cai Lu , Wang Min , Zhao Yong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the refractive index (RI) sensing characteristic of a single mode fiber (SMF)-multimode fiber (MMF) structure is investigated, and the two demodulation methods of specklegram and spectrum are compared experimentally. The results show that the RI resolution of the specklegram sensor is significantly higher than that of the optical spectrum analyzer. In addition, an SMF-no-core fiber (NCF)-MMF specklegram sensor is proposed. By extracting the eigenvalues of the gray-level co-occurrence matrix of the output specklegram, the eigenvalue of the angular second moment changes with the RI change, in which the addition of NCF increases the sensitivity from 0.25/RIU to 0.81/RIU. This specklegram sensor has good potential for high-resolution RI detection.
In plane magnetization reversal in nanosized thin truncated conical double-disks of permalloy
Authors: Sahu Rahul , Tandon Prerit , Mishra Amaresh Chandra 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In plane magnetization reversal of permalloy thin truncated conical double-disk as a function of the

σ
=
r

/

R

is investigated using micromagnetic simulations with fixed base radius (R) of 100 nm. When external magnetic field is applied along the longer axis of the double-disk, the remanent states change gradually from vortex state to S state and then to buckled magnetization state with reduction of σ. When σ ≈ 1 and the conical nanodisk resembles to a regular cylindrical nanodisk, incoherent magnetization reversal is dominant whereas tapering of conical disk reduces extent of incoherence in magnetization reversal. As tapering of nanodisk goes extreme so that σ ≈ 0.1, the magnetization reversal is governed only by coherent rotation. Correspondingly, coercive field reduces monotonically as σ increases. On the other hand, when a field is applied in plane but perpendicular to the long axis, almost zero coercivity is discovered. These variations are explained using a analytical calculation of demagnetization factors which quantifies shape anisotropy as well as the consideration of incoherence in magnetization reversal.
Rubidium ions doping to improve the photoluminescence properties of Mn doped CsPbCl3 perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Wu Na , Zhai Yue , Chang Peng , Mei Hang , Wang Ziyan , Zhang Hong , Zhu Qiangqiang , Liang Pei , Wang Le 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
All-inorganic cesium lead halide CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have shown promising potential in current Mini/Micro-LED display applications due to their excellent photoluminescence performance. However, lead ions in PQDs are easily to leak owing to the unstable structure of PQDs, which hinders their commercial applications. Herein, we adopt Rb+ ions co-doping strategy to regulate the doping characteristics of Mn2+ ions in CsPbCl3 PQDs. The synthesized CsPbCl3:(Rb+, Mn2+) PQDs possess enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield of 71.1% due to the reduction of intrinsic defect states and Mn–Mn or Mn-traps in co-doped PQDs. Moreover, the white light emission of CsPb(Cl/Br)3:(Rb+, Mn2+) PQDs is achieved by anion exchange reaction and the constructed WLED exhibits the CIE coordinate of (0.33, 0.29) and the correlated color temperature of 5497 K. Benefiting from the substitution strategy, these doped CsPbX3 PQDs can be widely used as fluorescence conversion materials for the construction of Mini/Micro-LED.
Fascinating physics at the edge of magnetic fusion devices
Authors: Krasheninnikov S I 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe physics of the processes at the edge of magnetic fusion devices is multifaceted and exhibits complex, nonlinear synergistic effects. Even though this region occupies only a small portion of the whole device, it plays a crucial role in overall plasma confinement, heat exhaust, and plasma–wall interactions. The latter affects not only the performance but also the lifetime of plasma-facing components and therefore remains an outstanding challenge for future fusion reactors. At the edge of fusion devices, researchers are dealing with phenomena including classical and anomalous plasma transport, atomic physics effects, and physics of plasma-facing material under strong irradiation by particle and energy fluxes. The diversity of edge physics makes it particularly attractive for young scientists. Working in this field, they can find endless possibilities to demonstrate their talents and creativity. This short review describes just some of the basic scrape-off layer and divertor plasma phenomena including divertor plasma detachment, intermittent bursts of anomalous cross-field plasma transport, plasma–material interactions, and dust in fusion plasmas, which are of particular interest in relation to fusion reactors.
Multifunctional sensors for respiration monitoring and antibacterial activity based on piezoelectric PVDF/BZT-0.5BCT nanoparticle composite nanofibers
Authors: Li Mingming , Zou Xuexue , Ding Yuxing , Wang Weijie , Cheng Zhenxiang , Wang Dong , Wang Zengmei , Shao Yi , Bai Jing 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In clinical practice, combining sensitive and efficient sensors that have antibacterial properties with masks is a convenient way to monitor vital signs. Therefore, developing flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity and antibacterial properties is the key for such smart devices. In our work, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers (NFs) with a high piezoelectric phase were fabricated by electrospinning with an optimized spinning voltage and collecting roller speed. Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-0.5BCT) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by the hydrothermal method were introduced into PVDF NFs to improve their piezoelectric response to external strain. With 20 wt% 0.5BZT-BCT NPs, the PVDF/BZT-BCT fiber composite sensor showed an output voltage up to 6.37 V with superior sensitivity (0.24 V Kpa−1), a short response time (∼50 ms), good durability over a wide time range and a low detection limit (2.50 mg). The sensor was built in a mask that demonstrated high sensitivity in monitoring the respiratory rate as well as antimicrobial resistance to Echerichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, this composite fiber sensor can also be applied for the detection of body movement. The multifunctional 0.5BZT-BCT/PVDF fiber composite sensor may find clinical applications.