bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Interactions Between Algae and Bacteria
Authors: Nowruzi Bahareh , Shishir Md. Asaduzzaman , Porzani Samaneh J. , Ferdous Umme Tamanna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Humans have used algae for hundreds of years to make various products viz. agar, fertilizer, food, and pigments. Algae are also used in bioremediation to clean up polluted water and as essential laboratory tools in genomics, proteomics, and other research applications such as environmental warnings. Several special features of algae, including the oxygenic photosynthesis, higher yield in biomass, growth on the non-arable lands, their survival in a wide range of water supplies (contaminated or filtered waters), the production of necessary byproducts and biofuels, the enhancement of soil productivity, and the greenhouse gas emissions, etc. altogether rendered them as vital bio-resources in the sustainable development. Algae and bacteria have been assumed to coexist from the early stages of the development of the earth, and a wide variety of interactions were observed between them which have influenced the ecosystems ranging from the oceans to the lichens. Research has shown that bacteria and algae interact synergistically, especially roseobacter- algae interactions being the most common. These interactions are common to all ecosystems and characterize their primary efficiency. The commercialization of algae for industrial purposes, an important field, is also influenced by this interaction which frequently results in bacterial infections among the consumers. However, the recent findings have revealed that the bacteria improve algal growth and support flocculation which are very crucial in algal biotechnology. Some of the most exciting advancements in the area of algal biotic interactions and potential difficulties were reviewed in this article. Information gleaned in this study would provide a firm foundation for launching more contemporaneous research efforts in understanding and utilizing the algal species in biotechnology industries and medical sectors.
An Inclusive Perception on Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Risk Factors Associated With Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Dwivedi Manish , Bhat Mahima , Radha Krishnan Aiswarya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:Tuberculosis is one of the most common and oldest human afflictions caused by the deadly pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its infection is drastically increasing worldwide with time despite the application of various antibiotics and live attenuated vaccines. The major risk factor associated with tuberculosis is the long-term malfunction of the respiratory system that increases deaths, whereas the continuous emergence of drug-resistant MTB strains (MDR/TDR/XDR) acts as a driving force to accelerate additional obstacles to humankind. Researchers are effortlessly in-volved in a systematic examination of tuberculosis and drug designing against it, but still, we could not find a permanent cure for tuberculosis. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to analyse patho-genesis, epidemiology, and associated risk factors to plan an overall strategy against this deadly dis-ease. In the present study, we have gone through a comprehensive literature survey to provide all related information that may assist us in understanding this disease and designing strategic plan-ning. This study would fill the gap created due to a lack of knowledge on MTB infection and mo-lecular mechanisms, which is the biggest hurdle in finding a therapeutic lead against tuberculosis.
Post-Tradisionalisme: Membincang Basis Epistemologi dan Transformasi Gerakan Moderasi Beragama Nahdlatul Ulama
Authors: Bindaniji Muhamad , Fuadi Moh Ashif 
Published: May 2022

Islamic post-traditionalism is one of the discourses of Islamic thought that is developing in Indonesia. It emerged from the historical development of Islamic thought in Indonesia that continues to grow to find a compatible and comprehensive format of Islam that is relevant to the problem faced by the Muslim Community. This study aims to explain the development of post-traditionalism discourse and its epistemology and the transformation of the religious moderation movement among the Nahdhatul Ulama organization. This study uses a literature study consisting of books, articles, and other relevant sources. Through a sociological-historical approach, this study concludes that post-traditionalism within Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) is not a modernist group seen from its movement and characteristics of its thoughts because they still adhere to salaf traditions. In addition, through cultural movements, Nahdlatul Ulama plays a very important role in internalizing wasathiyah through the acceptance of madzhab, Asy'ariyah creed, integration of Islam into nationality, and interfaith dialogue movements. Abstrak: Wacana post-tradisionalismeisme Islam adalah sebuah produk pemikiran yang terbingkai dalam korpus wacana pemikiran Islam yang berkembang di Indonesia. Sebagai sebuah produk pemikiran, post-tradisionalismeisme sejatinya terlahir dari perkembangan sejarah pembentukan wacana pemikiran Islam di Indonesia yang terus berdialektika sambil menemukan bentuk atau format yang kompatibel dan komprehensif dengan perkembangan zaman. Adapun bentuk dialektika tersebut dapat tercermin melalui pergulatan ‘tradisi’ yang menghasilkan istilah post-tradisionalismeisme, dalam hal ini Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), melalui persentuhan dengan pemikiran atau realitas lain di luar tradisi asal NU. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur baik melalui buku, artikel jurnal, dan berbagai sumber relevan lainnya. Melalui pendekatan sosiologis-historis, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa post-tradisionalismeisme dalam tubuh NU bukanlah kelompok modernis baik dari sisi gerakan maupun corak pemikiran, karena masih berpegang teguh terhadap tradisi-tradisi salaf, hanya saja kalangan post-tradisionalismeisme memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan radikal melampaui tradisi itu sendiri. Selain itu, melalui gerakan kultural yang dipelopori Gus Dur, NU sangat berperan dalam menginternalisasikan wasathiyah melalui penerimaan mazhab, Aqidah Asy’ariyah, integrasi keislaman dengan kebangsaan, dan gerakan dialog antar agama.
The calcium sensor CBL7 is required for Serendipita indica -induced growth stimulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, controlling defense against the endophyte and K + homeostasis in the symbiosis
Authors: Pérez-Alonso Marta-Marina , Guerrero-Galán Carmen , Ortega-Villaizán Adrián González , Ortiz-García Paloma , Scholz Sandra , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kiba Takatoshi , Ludwig-Müller Jutta , Krapp Anne , Oelmüller Ralf , Vicente-Carbajosa Jesús , Pollmann Stephan , Ramos Patricio 
Published: May 2022

Calcium (Ca ) is an important second messenger in
plants. The activation of Ca signaling cascades is
critical in the activation of adaptive processes in response to
perceived environmental stimuli, including biotic stresses. The
colonization of roots by the plant growth promoting endophyte
Serendipita indica involves the increase of cytosolic Ca
levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this
study, we investigated transcriptional changes in Arabidopsis roots
during symbiosis with S. indica. RNA-seq profiling disclosed the
significant induction of CALCINEURIN B-LIKE 7 ( CBL7)
during early- and later phases of the interaction. Consistent with the
transcriptomics analysis, reverse genetic evidence and yeast two-hybrid
studies highlighted the functional relevance of CBL7 and tested the
involvement of a CBL7-CBL-INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE 13 (CIPK13)
signaling pathway in the establishment of the mutualistic relationship
that promotes plant growth. The loss-of-function of CBL7
abolished the growth promoting effect of S. indica and affected
the colonization of the root by the fungus. The subsequent
transcriptomics analysis of cbl7 revealed the involvement of this
Ca sensor in activating plant defense responses.
Furthermore, we report on the contribution of CBL7 to potassium
transport in Arabidopsis. Triggered by the differential expression of a
small number of K channels/transporter genes, we
analyzed K contents in wild-type and cbl7
plants and observed a significant accumulation of K
in root of cbl7 plants, while shoot tissues demonstrated K
depletion. Taken together, our work associates CBL7
with an important role in the mutual interaction between Arabidopsis and
S. indica and links the CBL7 Ca receptor
protein to K transport.
Effect of Cervical Lesions on Fracture Resistance and Failure Mode of Maxillary Central Incisors Restored with Fiber Posts and Complete Crowns
Authors: Santos Pantaleón D , Valenzuela FM , Morrow BR , Pameijer CH , García-Godoy F 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY

Purpose
To investigate the effect of a cervical cavity extending 1 mm apical to the cemento–enamel junction (CEJ) on fracture resistance and failure mode of maxillary central incisors that have been treated endodontically, present with complete and incomplete ferrules, and are restored with and without a fiber post.

Methods and Materials
50 intact human maxillary central incisors were divided into five groups (n=10): CG (control group) 6-mm fer-rule height, no cervical cavity, and without post; (CO) 6-mm ferrule height without post, with a cervical cavity (access to root canal and cervical cavity restored with composite resin), cervical cavity; and post with ferrule heights of 1 mm (CP1), 2 mm (CP2), and 6 mm (CP6) restored with fiberglass post and composite resin core. After complete metal crowns were cemented on all specimens, they were subjected to thermal cycling (6000 cycles, 5°C/55°C), followed by immediate testing of fracture resistance. After failure, the specimens were sectioned buccolingually to evaluate and identify the mode of failure. The data were analyzed with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Student–Newman–Keuls multiple comparison tests (α =0.05).

Results
A 1-mm ferrule height (CP1) fracture resistance was significantly lower (531±125 N) compared to the 6-mm ferrule height (CP6) (769±175 N) (p&lt;0.05). With respect to the groups with similar residual dentin, with and without a cervical cavity, CG (667±119 N) and CO (668±119 N), the presence of a post (CP6) increased the resistance to fracture, although no statistically significant difference was demonstrated. Partial decementation was observed in all specimens of CG and CP6, in nine of CP1 and CP2, and in three in CO. Root fractures occurred in 23 specimens. The root surface was exposed 2 mm below the CEJ to simulate bone level. Propagation of subosseous cracks occurred in four specimens in CG and CP2, in seven specimens in CP6, in two specimens in CP1, and in six specimens in CO. All were considered catastrophic failures.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study it is suggested that, when restoring an endodontically treated maxillary central incisor that has a cervical lesion and needs to be restored with a complete crown, a fiber post is cemented to improve fracture resistance.
Color Match of Composite Resin and Remaining Tooth Structure over a Period of 28 Days Using Spectrophotometer—A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hashir MMJ , Ravishankar P , Dhanapal S , PradeepKumar AR 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARY

OBJECTIVES
The tooth and the composite restoration can undergo a change in color after the restorative procedure over time. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the color difference (ΔE) of two types of composite resins and remaining tooth structure over a period of 28 days.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
A total of 40 teeth in 30 patients with Class IV caries or EllisClass II fracture in maxillary incisors were randomized into two groups based on the type of composite resin used for restoration: IPS Empress (n=20 teeth) and Filtek Z250 (n=20 teeth). Shade selection was done using a spectrophotometer. Restorations were performed using an anatomical layering technique, and finishing and polishing was done after 48 hours. Baseline spectrophotometer color values for the remaining tooth structure were measured before isolation and for composite restorations, 10 minutes after light cure. Further color evaluations using a spectrophotometer for the remaining tooth structure and composite restorations were done at 48 hours (both before and immediately after finishing and polishing), 7days, 14 days, and 28 days, and color difference (ΔE) from baseline values for remaining tooth structure and restorations and ΔE between remaining tooth structure and restorations were calculated. Descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and frequencies were computed. Mann–Whitney U test was done to compare spectrophotometer values.

RESULTS
There was a significant reduction in mean color difference (ΔE) from baseline values for both tooth (p&lt;0.05) and composite restoration (p&lt;0.05) at all evaluation periods in both groups. Filtek Z250 showed significantly lower mean ΔE between the tooth and the composite resin restoration than IPS Empress at 48 hours (before and after finishing and polishing), 7 days and 14 days (p&lt;0.05). At the 28 day recall, mean ΔE value of IPS Empress restorations to tooth structure was 3.5, while the mean ΔE value of Filtek Z250 restorations to tooth structure was 3.6, which was not statistically different (p&gt;0.05).

CONCLUSION
The remaining tooth structure as well as the composite restorations showed color changes at all evaluation periods, compared to baseline values in both the composite resin groups. Filtek Z250 exhibited less ΔE with remaining tooth structure at 48 hours, 7 days, and 14 days, when compared to IPS Empress. The composite restorations of both the groups reached clinically acceptable color match (mean ΔE&lt;3.7) with the remaining tooth structure 28 days after the procedure.
Protective role of autophagy in triptolide-induced apoptosis of TM3 Leydig cells
Authors: Ye Xiaoyun , Chen Liang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTriptolide (TP) is known to impair testicular development and spermatogenesis in mammals, but the mechanism of the side effects still needs to be investigated. The aim of the research is to confirm whether TP can cause autophagy in TM3 Leydig cells and the potential molecular pathway in vitro.MethodsTM3 Leydig cells are used to investigate the molecular pathway through Western blot, detection of apoptosis, transmission electron microscopy for autophagosomes and so on.ResultsThe data show that TP treatment resulted in the decreasing of the viability of TM3 cells due to the increased apoptosis. Treated with TP, the formation of autophagosomes, the decrease in P62, and the increase in the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II suggested the induction of autophagy. The induction of autophagy has accompanied the activation of the mTOR/P70S6K signal pathway. The viability of the TM3 cells was further inhibited when they were co-treated with autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ).ConclusionAll these data suggest that autophagy plays a very important role in antagonizing TM3 cell apoptosis during the TP exposure.
Missing Race-Based Data in Pediatrics: Why and Where
Authors: Boroditsky Noah 
Published: May 2022

Background: Racism, the differential treatment of people based on their perceived racial or ethnic identity, causes health inequities between racial groups. An absence of race or ethnicity data (RED) in healthcare makes evaluation and awareness of health inequalities caused by systemic racism challenging. Current literature is scarce on collection methods of RED in healthcare globally.
Methods: English language references and grey literature published in MEDLINE, Embase, and relevant sources between January 1, 2000, and July 3, 2021, were identified after consultation with a research librarian. Abstracts were evaluated for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic analysis and data extraction were conducted after full-body reviews. Studies included in the final review focused on participants ≤18, were based in a healthcare facility and collected race or ethnicity data.
Results: A total of 1,193 references were collected in the initial search (296 MEDLINE, 894 Embase, 3 other). After a full-body evaluation, 28 references were retained and included in the final analysis. Articles were set in the United States (n=7), Canada (n=5), Australia (n=4), and the United Kingdom (n=1). RED was collected using Electronic Medical Records (n=8), Electronic Health Records (n=6), collaborative studies (n=2), Patient Chart Documentation (n=1), and National Emergency Services Information System (NEMSIS) data (n=1). RED was collected in Tertiary care centers (n=8), Secondary care centers (n=1), a Primary care center (n=1), and a Quaternary care center (n=1). Racial and ethnic categories discussed in the literature included: White, Hispanic, Black, Indigenous, Aboriginal, and Asian. Six articles explicitly reported a need for more RED collection.
Conclusion: Collecting RED is critical to understanding health inequities and the impacts of racism in healthcare. Globally, there is limited information on RED collection. We strongly endorse the recommendation of the BC Office of Human Rights Commissioner on the collection of RED in all age groups, including pediatrics. Capturing RED respectfully, meaningfully, and accurately across all groups will help identify potential associations, barriers, and inequities in health outcomes, helping to mitigate and eliminate systemic racism in healthcare.
Hazel's Journey in Healing
Authors: Padavattan Kayla 
Published: May 2022

My discussion of Karen McBride’s Crow Winter will focus on how reconnecting with tradition and ceremony heals Hazel Ellis and helps her to come to terms with the recent loss of her father. Specifically, she heals through participating in a sweat lodge ceremony, her interactions with Nanabush and in learning about the Seven Grandfather Teachings. Her participation in the sweat lodge ceremony connects her with her spirituality. Through her interactions with traditional medicines such as tobacco and cedar, Hazel learns to open up, helping her understand that she needs to confront her feelings of grief. Through her connection with Nanabush she becomes comfortable in navigating the Spirit World. By learning about the Seven Grandfather Teachings with a focus on bravery, she is able to make a life-changing decision to protect the sacredness of the land. The novel teaches settler audiences and readers to understand the importance of land to Indigenous Peoples. Rather than look at it as property or something to be exploited, one needs to enter into a relationship with the land. Hazel makes evident that not only does land inform ways of knowing and being for Indigenous Peoples, but also that it guides people such as herself in healing journeys.
Dismantling Ethnic Notions Through Bildungsromane: An Examination of The Bluest Eye
Authors: Smith Sapphyre 
Published: May 2022

The Bildungsroman, or “coming-of-age” narrative, has long been a staple of Western literature; however, as a genre whose protagonists are usually young white men or privileged white women, authors who want to tackle a protagonist that does not fit this narrow description are faced with a challenge: how do they navigate the arc of growing up in a genre that is built for white men, and therefore excludes them and their characters by definition? My paper explores one such author’s efforts to reclaim the genre, not by forcing her characters to follow the traditional arc, but by exploring the reasons they are unable to conform to it.
In her novel The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison reinvents the genre by turning the individual arc of the Bildungsroman into the story of an African American community, interweaving multiple Bildungsromane to subvert dominant stereotypes of African-American people. In this paper, I juxtapose her novel with Marlon Riggs’ documentary, Ethnic Notions (1987) to reveal Morrison’s combative reinvention of the stereotypes Riggs investigates such as the “Black Mammy,” the “violent brute,” and the “pickaninny.” In doing so, she restores humanity and complexity to the one-dimensional caricatures of Blackness that have dominated Western thought and harmed Black people. By exploring Morrison’s novel, this paper hopes to reach beyond stereotypical depictions of Blackness and encourage the continued interrogation of its portrayals in our everyday lives as a mode of rehumanization and resistance to dominant racist ideologies.
Práticas e crenças associadas ao desmame precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Fernandes Daniele Cristina Alves , Fernandes Helder Matheus Alves , Barbosa Elane da Silva , Granjeiro Richardeson Fagner de Oliveira , Chaves Márcia Jaínne Campelo , Tenório Dayane Carla Duarte , Rocha Yatagan Moreira da , Vasconcelos Moisés Iasley Lima , Oliveira Filipe Monteiro de , Rocha Letícia Ellen Vieira 
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Discutir as práticas e crenças relacionadas ao desmame precoce no aleitamento materno exclusivo. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, BVS e portal de periódicos CAPES/MEC, a partir dos seguintes descritores: amamentação, desmame precoce, lactente e aleitamento materno exclusivo. Resultados: Compuseram o corpus desta investigação 21 artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2014 a 2019. Para apresentar, sistematicamente, a análise dos dados, foram organizadas as seguintes categorias: Práticas populares; Aspectos diversos e, por fim, Crenças Populares. Identificou-se que as práticas e as crenças correlacionadas à lactação fazem parte do cotidiano há muitos séculos que acabam acarretando ao desmame precoce, como: introdução de outros tipos de alimentos, ideias equivocadas sobre o leite materno, que é insuficiente, ou que o bebê sente sede ou não quis aceitar. Considerações finais: Desse modo, tornam-se pertinentes mudanças na produção do cuidado em saúde no que tange à assistência ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal, o que sugere a inserção de determinantes socioculturais da genitora e dos familiares do lactente nesse processo de educação em saúde para o aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Evaluation of bone mineral density in children with type 1 diabetes: A cross-sectional case–control study
Authors: Kumar R. Akshay , Kumar C. G. Delhi , Sahoo Jayaprakash 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
To compare the bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D levels of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with normal children.

Material and Methods:
Children with T1D, aged 4–18 years, and age- and gender-matched healthy controls, were recruited. Children with chronic systemic disorders and those taking medications that impair BMD were excluded from the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and spot urine deoxypyridinoline crosslinks (Pyrilinks-D)/ creatinine ratio were estimated in both cases and controls.

Results:
Thirty-seven children with T1D with a mean age of 9.7 ± 2.1 years were enrolled and compared with controls. The bone mineral content (BMC) in cases was 24.5 g (20.3–30.6) and in controls 25.5 g (23.5–26.8) (P = 0.66) and BMD in cases was 0.68 ± 0.165 g/cm2 and in controls 0.69 ± 0.149 g/cm2 (P = 0.76). However, the prevalence of low BMD (BMD <-2 Z-score) was seen in only 3 (8%) cases (P – <0.001). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were also lower in cases 14.1 ng/mL (12.05–14.75 ng/mL) as compared to controls 15.73 ng/mL (13.1–23.2 ng/mL) (P = 0.01). Thirty-three (89%) cases and 24 (64%) controls had low 25(OH)D levels (<20 ng/mL). There was no significant difference in the bone turnover markers between cases and controls.

Conclusion:
Children with T1D have similar BMD and lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy children.