bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are there bubbles in the vanilla price?
Authors: Khan Khalid , Su Chi-Wei , Khurshid Adnan , Umar Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the presence of the bubbles that are experienced in the global vanilla (VNL) price, using the GSADF approach. The results show that there are five bubbles in the VNL price that are driven by specific reasons. Also, in this regard, the opening and ending points of each bubble coincide with specific events that contribute toward the formation, as well as the rupture of the bubbles. It has also been noted that the cyclone Hudah and the monopoly of the cartels trigger the first bubble, while the regulation and export taxation policy drive the second bubble. However, market-oriented policies, the abolition of cartels, and the exchange rate adjustments are the leading factors that form the third bubble. Furthermore, political instability, hurricanes and bad weather are the key factors driving the fourth bubble. And finally, the rising global demand and decreasing supply, price speculation, poor quality, and cyclone Enawo create the last bubble. It needs the VNL market to be more stable in order to continue supply, which can then control the price fluctuations. The minimum role of the cartels and middlemen is vital for VNL price stability. Therefore, the governments should ideally facilitate the big companies to directly negotiate with farmers which may be beneficial for both companies and the farmers alike.
Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for virus detection, as well as inhibition and treatment of viral infection
Authors: Xue Yuxiang , Liu Chenchen , Andrews Gavin , Wang Jinyan , Ge Yi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have received increasing attention due to their distinct properties. CQDs are ultimately small nanoparticles with an average size below 10 nm, possessing high water solubility, alluring photoluminescence, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, low/none toxicity, environmental friendliness, and high sustainability, etc. In history, there are intermittent threats from viruses to humans, animals and plants worldwide, resulting in enormous crises and impacts on our life, environment, economy and society. Some recent studies have unveiled that certain types of CQDs exhibited high and potent antiviral activities against various viruses such as human coronavirus, arterivirus, norovirus and herpesvirus. Moreover, they have been successfully explored and developed for different virus detections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article exclusively overviews and discusses the recent progress of designing, synthesizing, modifying/functionalizing and developing CQDs towards effective virus detection as well as the inhibition and treatment of viral infection. Their mechanisms and applications against various pathogenic viruses are addressed. The latest outcomes for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing CQDs are also highlighted. It can be envisaged that CQDs could further benefit the development of virus detectors and antiviral agents with added broad-spectrum activity and cost-effective production.
One or two pups - optimal reproduction strategies of common noctule females
Authors: Zukalova Katerina , Seidlova Veronika , Piacek Vladimir , Nemcova Monika , Pribyl Michal , Pikula Jiri , Zukal Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The success of animal reproduction is impacted by a trade-off between energetic costs and mortality associated with immediate vs. future reproductive attempts. The reproductive strategies of European insectivorous bats differ from common mammalian standards due to the use of delayed fertilisation. Phenology of bat reproduction, including length of pregnancy, which may vary in the same species at different latitudes, between years at the same site or between individuals within a colony, is influenced by ecological conditions. To assess factors influencing the course of pregnancy, we evaluated levels of blood progesterone in 20 female common noctule bats Nyctalus noctula. The bats were individually tagged and randomly divided into two groups with different hibernation ending points (i.e. a control group vs. a treatment group with one-week longer hibernation). Following emergence from hibernation, the bats were kept in a wooden box at a stable temperature of 22 °C.

Results
The majority of females gave birth to a single neonate (65%), but one female aborted her pups 2 days before the first successful births of other females. Based on development of progesterone concentration, we were able to define a number of different reproduction strategies, i.e. females with single offspring or twins, and females with supposed resorption of one embryo (embryonic mortality after implantation of the developing fertilised egg). Progesterone levels were much higher in females with two embryos during the first part of gestation and after birth. Progesterone levels were at their highest mid-gestation, with no difference between females carrying one or two foetuses. Length of gestation differed significantly between the two groups, with the longer hibernation (treatment) group having a roughly two-day shorter gestation period.

Conclusions
Female N. noctula are able to manipulate their litter size to balance immediate and future reproduction success. The estimated gestation length of approx. 49-days appears to be standard for N. noctula, with females optimising their thermoregulatory behaviour to keep the length of gestation as close to the standard as possible.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of terlipressin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Jamil Khurram 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The objective of this population pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis was to characterize the PK of terlipressin and its active metabolite, lysine-vasopressin (L-VP), in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), following intravenous administration of terlipressin 1 mg to 2 mg every 6 h. Sparse PK samples from 69 patients with HRS who participated in terlipressin phase 3 clinical studies were used for model development. In addition, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) from 40 patients with HRS were available to explore the relationship between terlipressin and L-VP plasma concentrations and pharmacodynamic (PD) response. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination adequately described the PK of terlipressin. L-VP was well characterized as the active metabolite of terlipressin by a one-compartment model with first-order elimination. The population PK modeling results showed that the estimated clearances for terlipressin and L-VP are 27.4 L/h and 318 L/h, respectively, for a typical patient with a body weight of 86 kg. Body weight was identified as the only covariate for the clearance of terlipressin. However, simulation suggested that body weight had no clinically meaningful effects on the exposure of L-VP through terlipressin. Therefore, no weight-based dose is needed for terlipressin to treat HRS patients. PD response, change in MAP, and HR were well correlated to L-VP concentrations; compared with baseline values, the estimated maximum decrease in HR would be 10.6 bpm and the estimated maximum increase in MAP would be 16.2 mm Hg.
The roles and mechanisms of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP): can it be controlled by senolysis?
Authors: Ohtani Naoko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that can be induced by a variety of potentially oncogenic stimuli, including DNA damage. Hence, senescence has long been considered to suppress tumorigenesis, acting as a guardian of homeostasis. However, recent studies have revealed that senescent cells exhibit the secretion of a series of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix remodeling factors that alter the local tissue environment and contribute to chronic inflammation and cancer. This senescence phenotype is termed as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and is observed not only in cultured cells in vitro but also in vivo. Recently, the physiological and pathological roles of SASP have been increasingly clarified. Notably, several studies have reported that the intrinsic mechanism of SASP factor production is predominantly mediated through the activation of the cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes) pathway by aberrantly accumulated DNA fragments from the nucleus of senescent cells. In contrast, various extrinsic triggers of SASP also exist in vivo, for example, the SASP induction in hepatic stellate cells in the tumor microenvironment of obesity-associated liver cancer by the translocated gut microbial metabolites. Recently, the strategy for the elimination of senescent cells (senolysis) has attracted increasing attention. Thus, the role of SASP and the effects and outcomes of senolysis in vivo will be also discussed in this review.
Shedding light on the phenotypic–genotypic correlation of rare treatable and potentially treatable pediatric movement disorders
Authors: Saleh Dina Amin , Attia Azza Abd El Moneim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Advances in genetic science have led to the identification of many rare treatable pediatric movements disorders (MDs). We explored the phenotypic–genotypic spectrum of pediatric patients presenting with MDs. By this, we aimed at raising awareness about such rare disorders, especially in our region. Over the past 3 years, we reviewed the demographic data, clinical profile, molecular genetics and other diagnostic workups of pediatric patients presenting with MDs.

Results
Twelve patients were identified; however, only six patients were genetically confirmed. The phenomenology of MDs ranged from paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (1 patient), exercise-induced dyskinesia (2 patients), ataxia (2 patients) and dystonia (2 patients). Whole-exome sequencing in addition to the functional studies for some patients revealed a specific genetic diagnosis being responsible for their MDs. The genetic diagnosis of our patients included infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis syndrome and episodic ataxia due to “pathogenic homozygous mutation of PRRT2 gene,” glucose transporter type 1 deficiency-exercise induced dyskinesia due to “De Novo pathogenic heterozygous missense mutation of exon 4 of SLC2A1 gene,” aromatic L amino acid decarboxylase deficiency due to “pathogenic homozygous mutation of the DDC gene,” myopathy with extrapyramidal signs due to “likely pathogenic homozygous mutations of the MICU1 gene,” mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency due to “homozygous variant of uncertain significance (VUS) of HADHB gene” and glutaric aciduria II with serine deficiency due to “homozygous VUS for both ETFDH and PHGDH genes.” After receiving the treatment as per recognized treatment protocols, two patients showed complete resolution of symptoms and the rest showed variable responses.

Conclusion
Identifying the genetic etiology of our patients guided us to provide either disease-specific treatment or redirected our management plan. Hence, highlighting the value of molecular genetic analysis to avoid the diagnostic odyssey and identify treatable MDs.
Appraising the Effect of Potential Risk Factors on Thyroid Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Huang Lulu , Feng Xiuming , Yang Wenjun , Li Xiangzhi , Zhang Kang , Feng Shuzhen , Wang Fei , Yang Xiaobo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContextVarious risk factors have been associated with the risk of thyroid cancer in observational studies. However, the causality of the risk factors is not clear given the susceptibility of confounding and reverse causation.ObjectiveA 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach was used to estimate the effect of potential risk factors on thyroid cancer risk.MethodsGenetic instruments to proxy 55 risk factors were identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Associations of these genetic variants with thyroid cancer risk were estimated in GWAS of the FinnGen Study (989 cases and 217 803 controls). A Bonferroni-corrected threshold of P = 9.09 × 10-4 was considered significant, and P &lt; 0.05 was considered to be suggestive of an association.ResultsTelomere length was significantly associated with increased thyroid cancer risk after correction for multiple testing (OR 4.68; 95% CI, 2.35-9.31; P = 1.12 × 10-5). Suggestive associations with increased risk were noted for waist-to-hip ratio (OR 1.85; 95% CI, 1.02-3.35; P = 0.042) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08-2.38; P = 0.019). Suggestive associations were noted between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (OR 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.82; P = 0.025) and decreased risk of thyroid cancer. Risk of thyroid cancer was not associated with sex hormones and reproduction, developmental and growth, lipids, diet and lifestyle, or inflammatory factors (All P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionOur study identified several potential targets for primary prevention of thyroid cancer, including central obesity, diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and telomere length, which should inform public health policy.
Plasma Levels of Triglycerides and IL-6 Are Associated With Weight Regain and Fat Mass Expansion
Authors: Qiao Qi , Bouwman Freek G , van Baak Marleen A , Roumans Nadia J T , Vink Roel G , Mariman Edwin C M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
Long-term weight loss (WL) maintenance is the biggest challenge for overweight and obesity because of the almost unavoidable phenomenon of partial or even total weight regain (WR) after WL.

Objective
In the present study we investigated the relations of (the changes of) adipocyte size and other risk biomarkers with WR during the follow-up of the Yoyo dietary intervention.

Methods
In this randomized controlled study, 48 overweight/obese participants underwent a very-low-calorie diet to lose weight, followed by a weight-stable period of 4 weeks and a follow-up period of 9 months. Anthropometric measurements, adipocyte volume of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and plasma metabolic parameters (free fatty acids [FFAs], triglycerides [TGs], total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], interleukin 6 [IL-6], angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] activity, retinol binding protein 4 [RBP4]) at the beginning and the end of follow-up were analyzed.

Results
Our results show that changes of TGs, IL-6, HOMA-IR, and ACE are significantly positively correlated with WR. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that only TG and IL-6 changes remained significantly correlated with WR and increased body fat mass. Moreover, the change in HOMA-IR was tightly correlated with the change in TGs. Surprisingly, change in adipocyte volume during follow-up was not correlated with WR nor with other factors, but positive correlations between adipocyte volume and HOMA-IR were found at the beginning and end of the follow-up.

Conclusion
These results suggest that TGs and IL-6 are independently linked to WR via separate mechanisms, and that HOMA-IR and adipocyte volume may indirectly link to WR through the change of plasma TGs.
Al-MPS Obstructs EMT in Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Lipid Metabolism via miR-215-5p/SREBP1
Authors: Wu Chenlu L , Xu Lili L , Peng Jing , Zhang Danhua H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alkali-extractable mycelial polysaccharide (Al-MPS) is a natural macromolecular polymer that has shown anti-hyperlipidemic and antitumor abilities. This study investigates the mechanism by which Al-MPS inhibits lipid metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer (BC). BC cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were transfected and/or treated with Al-MPS. CCK-8, Transwell, and scratch assays were used to evaluate the tumorigenic behaviors of BC cells. The expression levels of SREBP1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, vimentin, FASN, ACLY, and ACECS1 in BC cells were detected by Western blotting. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were performed to verify the binding between miR-215-5p and SREBP1 mRNA. Nude mice were injected with MDA-MB-231 cells and treated with Al-MPS. The changes in tumor volume and protein expression were monitored. miR-215-5p was downregulated and SREBP1 was upregulated in BC. Al-MPS increased miR-215-5p expression and inhibited SREBP1 expression, lipid metabolism, and EMT in BC. Inhibition of miR-215-5p or overexpression of SREBP1 promoted the tumorigenic behaviors of BC cells by stimulating lipid metabolism and counteracted the antitumor effect of Al-MPS. SREBP1 was a downstream target of miR-215-5p. In conclusion, Al-MPS inhibits lipid metabolism and EMT in BC via the miR-215-5p/SREBP1 axis. This study supports the application of polysaccharides in cancer treatment and the molecules regulated by Al-MPS may be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for BC.
Syndrome de Carpenter: revue illustrée utilisant la tomodensitométrie volumique à faisceau conique.
Authors: Delroisse Adrien , Olszewski Raphael 
Published: April 2022

Objectifs de travail: Evaluer la région dento-alvéolaire chez un patient pédiatrique atteint d'un très rare syndrome de Carpenter ou d'acrocéphalopolysyndactylie de type II à l'aide de la tomodensitométrie volumique à faisceau conique (CBCT).
Cas clinique: Nous avons retrouvé une oligodontie syndromique, une transmigration canine supérieure et une agénésie exceptionnelle des quatre incisives latérales. Nous avons également décrit le quatrième cas dans la littérature d'une seule incisive inférieure solitaire sur la ligne médiane, et le premier cas jamais illustré sur CBCT.
Conclusions: Nous avons proposé et illustré l'utilisation du système de numérotation progressive des dents sur des vues axiales CBCT pour mieux comprendre les situations cliniques dentaires complexes telles que l'oligodontie
syndromique.
Neues zu den Giebeln des frühklassischen Tempels der Aphaia auf Aegina und zu anderen Werken des ›Aphaia-Architekten‹
Authors: Bankel Hansgeorg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince the publication of Volume I of Dieter Ohly’s Die Aegineten in 1976 and the present author’s monograph on the Aphaia temple’s architecture in 1993, further ceramic, sculptural, and archaeological research has problematized Ohly’s late 6thcentury BC date for the burning of the archaic temple, the construction of its successor from around 505 BC, and the replacement of its east pediment (›East I‹) with another (›East II‹) around 485 BC. An alternative thesis (Stewart 2008; et al.) points to the discovery of burned fragments of the archaic temple in the construction fills of its successor along with attic black figure pottery contemporary with the extensive ›Perserschutt‹ destruction debris from the Athenian agora. It therefore attributes the old temple’s destruction to the invading Persians in 480 BC and its replacement to the 470s. This article has sought an architectural ›third way‹ out of this impasse.Research on the later temple has confirmed the existence of ›surplus‹ horizontal geisa with sockets in the style of the west pediment, which Ohly connected with some ›surplus‹ sculptures from the altar court, and attributed to East I. Yet the latter never proceeded beyond its (unfinished) corner geisa, ruling out Ohly’s theory of its installation on the temple and later replacement.Together with the extensive epigraphical data on oversight procedures in Greek temple building, and other evidence from the site, all this points to a rejection of one of the pediments by an ad hoc building committee before installation, its rapid replacement by East II, and entire construction lasting not more than seven years.Clear traces of the same architect at the Delion on Paros in the 480s and on the ›Temple of Juno Lacinia‹ at Agrigento around 460 BC, all but irreconcilable with Ohly’s chronology, now are best explained by the post-Persian date for the new temple signaled by the ceramic and stratigraphic evidence noted above (Stewart 2008; et al.).
Stacking classifier to improve the classification of shoulder motion in transhumeral amputees
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In recent years surface electromyography signals-based machine learning models are rapidly establishing. The efficacy of prosthetic arm growth for transhumeral amputees is aided by efficient classifiers. The paper aims to propose a stacking classifier-based classification system for sEMG shoulder movements. It presents the possibility of various shoulder motions classification of transhumeral amputees. To improve the system performance, adaptive threshold method and wavelet transformation have been applied for features extraction. Six different classifiers Support Vector Machines (SVM), Tree, Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), AdaBoost and Naïve Bayes (NB) are designed to extract the sEMG data classification accuracy. With cross-validation, the accuracy of RF, Tree and Ada Boost is 97%, 92% and 92% respectively. Stacking classifiers provides an accuracy as 99.4% after combining the best predicted multiple classifiers.
Detektion von lungengängigen Fasern
Authors: Sagehorn H. , Wriedt T. , Bauckhage K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Keramikfasern werden in vielen Bereichen der Technik eingesetzt. Bei der Herstellung, Wartung oder Montage z. B. von Öfen können diese Fasern freigesetzt werden. Luftgetragene, lungengängige Fasern können, abhängig von ihren Abmessungen, ein gesundheitsgefährdendes Potenzial besitzen. Aus diesem Grund ist die Entwicklung von Detektoren, die Fasern online klassifizieren können, von großem Interesse. Ein Ansatz dafür besteht in der Verwendung der Fraunhofertheorie zur Ermittlung der Faserabmessungen anhand des detektierten Streulichts der mit Laserlicht beleuchteten Faser. Abweichungen von der Fraunhofertheorie zur tatsächlichen Streulichtverteilung erforderten allerdings Referenzrechnungen mit einer exakten Methode.
Flame and Induction Hardening – An Advantageous Alternative to Case Hardening for Large Size Gears?
Authors: Cermak H. , Tobie T. , Stahl K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Surface hardening is an economical and technological alternative to case hardening, especially for larger gear sizes. Due to the high carburization depths required for case hardening with large component dimensions and technological limitations (e. g. furnace size), typical surface hardening processes such as flame or induction hardening show advantages here.
In this publication, a flame-spin-hardened variant is compared with an induction-hardened variant using the gap-by-gap method. Both variants have a gear size of mn = 14 mm. A comparison is also made with a case-hardened, shot-peened reference variant of comparable size.
In the comparison, the chemical composition, microstructural properties, hardness-depth characteristics and experimental results of the tooth root bending strength tests on the pulsator test rig are presented, comparatively evaluated and discussed. The experimentally determined tooth root load carrying capacities of the two surface-hardened variants are then classified with the reference variant in the state of the art.
Filler words in Japanese textbooks and Japanese classes
Authors: Momose Minori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to report differences in the use of filler words in Japanese language textbooks and provides examples. Filler words like “Ano(o),” “E(e),” “Ma(a),” and “De(e)” are used as fillers in Japanese conversation, but in Japanese language textbooks, they are not considered appropriate teaching items for actual use. Specifically, examples of filler-like usage that need to be adopted as teaching items include “Ano(o),” which appears commonly in the beginning or middle of sentences; “E(e)”,which is used in situations with a large number of listeners; “Ma(a),” which is used in response to questions; and “De”, which appears in the middle of sentences.