bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Cancer Mortality Among Black Individuals in the US From 1999 to 2019
Authors: Lawrence Wayne R. , McGee-Avila Jennifer K. , Vo Jacqueline B. , Luo Qianlai , Chen Yingxi , Inoue-Choi Maki , Berrington de González Amy , Freedman Neal D. , Shiels Meredith S. 
Published: May 2022

ImportanceCancer is the second leading cause of mortality in the US. Despite national decreases in cancer mortality, Black individuals continue to have the highest cancer death rates.ObjectiveTo examine national trends in cancer mortality from 1999 to 2019 among Black individuals by demographic characteristics and to compare cancer death rates in 2019 among Black individuals with rates in other racial and ethnic groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study used US national death certificate data obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics and included all cancer deaths among individuals aged 20 years or older from January 1999 to December 2019. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to January 2022.ExposuresAge, sex, and race and ethnicity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTrends in age-standardized mortality rates and average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates were estimated by cancer type, age, sex, and race and ethnicity.ResultsFrom 1999 to 2019, 1 361 663 million deaths from cancer occurred among Black individuals. The overall cancer death rate significantly decreased among Black men (AAPC, −2.6%; 95% CI, −2.6% to −2.6%) and women (AAPC, −1.5%; 95% CI, −1.7% to −1.3%). Death rates decreased for most cancer types, with the greatest decreases observed for lung cancer among men (AAPC, −3.8%; 95% CI, −4.0% to −3.6%) and stomach cancer among women (AAPC, −3.4%; 95% CI, −3.6% to −3.2%). Lung cancer mortality also had the largest absolute decreases among men (−78.5 per 100 000 population) and women (−19.5 per 100 000 population). We observed a significant increase in deaths from liver cancer among men (AAPC, 3.8%; 95% CI, 3.0%-4.6%) and women (AAPC, 1.8%; 95% CI, 1.2%-2.3%) aged 65 to 79 years. There was also an increasing trend in uterus cancer mortality among women aged 35 to 49 years (2.9%; 95% CI, 2.3% to 2.6%), 50 to 64 years (2.3%; 95% CI, 2.0% to 2.6%), and 65 to 79 years (1.6%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 2.0%). In 2019, Black men and women had the highest cancer mortality rates compared with non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, and White individuals and Hispanic/Latino individuals.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, there were substantial decreases in cancer death rates among Black individuals from 1999 to 2019, but higher cancer death rates among Black men and women compared with other racial and ethnic groups persisted in 2019. Targeted interventions appear to be needed to eliminate social inequalities that contribute to Black individuals having higher cancer mortality.
High‐dose IgG suppresses local inflammation and facilitates functional recovery after olfactory system injury
Authors: Nishida Kohei , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Ishigami Eisuke , Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveHead trauma can be a cause of refractory olfactory dysfunction due to olfactory nervous system injury. Anti‐inflammatory treatment using steroids or anti‐cytokine agents is known to contribute to functional recovery of the central and peripheral nervous systems in injury models, while there is a concern that they can induce adverse reactions. The present study examines if high‐dose immunoglobulin G (IgG) can facilitate olfactory functional recovery following injury.MethodsOlfactory nerve transection (NTx) was performed in OMP‐tau‐lacZ mice to establish injury models. High‐dose IgG was intraperitoneally injected immediately after the NTx and histological assessment of recovery within the olfactory bulb was performed at 5, 14, 42, and 100 days after the drug injection. X‐gal staining labeled degenerating and regenerating olfactory nerve fibers and immunohistochemical staining detected the presence of reactive astrocytes and macrophages/microglia. Olfactory function was assessed using an olfactory avoidance behavioral test.ResultsHigh‐dose IgG‐injected mice showed significantly smaller areas of injury‐associated tissue, fewer astrocytes and macrophages/microglia, and an increase in regenerating nerve fibers. An olfactory avoidance behavioral test showed improved functional recovery in the IgG‐injected mice.InterpretationThese findings suggest that high‐dose IgG could provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction following head injuries.
Bimetallic Synergy in Ultrafine Cocatalyst Alloy Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Pelicano Christian Mark , Saruyama Masaki , Takahata Ryo , Sato Ryota , Kitahama Yasutaka , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Yamada Taro , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari , Teranishi Toshiharu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, PtRu solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles enable high‐performance H2 evolution reaction cocatalysts through the transfer of knowledge from electrocatalysis to photocatalysis. Ultrafine PtRu alloy nanoparticles (1.0 ± 0.2 nm in diameter) are synthesized by using a chemical polyol method and used for electro/photo‐catalyses. Integration of PtRu nanoparticles with carbon and Al‐doped SrTiO3 powders via liquid‐phase adsorption and successive two‐step air and H2 annealing ensures uniform deposition of PtRu alloy nanoparticles (<2 nm) with a solid‐solution structure. The PtRu alloy nanoparticles exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction than monometallic Pt counterparts. Modifying Al‐doped SrTiO3 with PtRu alloy nanoparticles results in efficient photocatalytic overall water‐splitting activity with an apparent quantum yield of 65% at 365 nm and a solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 0.45%, which are the highest values among SrTiO3‐based photocatalytic water splitting systems with Rh‐free cocatalysts. Transient diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveals that the PtRu nanoparticles have a superior electron‐capturing ability than the Pt counterparts, probably due to the decreased work function of Pt by alloying with Ru. This work establishes a framework to elucidate catalytic trends and provides rational design guidance toward the development of bimetallic solid‐solution nanoparticles as cost‐effective and highly active cocatalysts for overall water splitting.
A Multifunctional and Efficient Artificial Visual Perception Nervous System with Sb2Se3/CdS‐Core/Shell (SC) Nanorod Arrays Optoelectronic Memristor
Authors: Pei Yifei , Li Zhiqiang , Li Bin , Zhao Ying , He Hui , Yan Lei , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Jingjuan , Zhao Zhen , Sun Yong , Zhou Zhenyu , Zhao Jianhui , Guo Rui , Chen Jingsheng , Yan Xiaobing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMore than 80% of biological learning information is received through the visual system; therefore, artificial vision systems have garnered continual interest in the field of artificial intelligence technologies. Simulating the activities of a range of human vision systems, such as discrimination, memory, and induced muscular activity, which still remains a challenge. The authors develop a high‐speed multifunctional artificial vision system capable of recognizing, memorizing, and actuating self‐protection by combining a Sb2Se3/CdS‐core/shell (SC) nanorod array optoelectronic memristor, a threshold‐switching memristor, and an electrochemical actuator. When an optoelectronic memristor is activated, it can cause an electrochemical actuator to move, simulating the eye muscle contraction and reproducing the self‐protection response of closing eyes when the human eyes are injured by intense light. Light absorption and charge carrier extraction are advantages of optoelectronic memristors with high‐quality SC nanorod arrays. The device achieves a fast response speed and a large response current of up to 40 µs and 0.8 µA. Artificial vision systems offer a potential technique for bionanotechnology, particularly in the domain of artificial intelligence simulation of biosensor systems.
Multifunctional Dual Gated Coupling Device Using Van Der Waals Ferroelectric Heterostructure
Authors: Jin Jiyou , Wang Zhongpu , Peng Zhisheng , Liu Hui , Peng Kang , Wei Haonan , Wang Yu , Xu Yushi , Wei Hang , Chu Weiguo , Li Yong Jun , Sun Lianfeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2D ferroelectric materials have long attracted attention because of their switchable electrical polarization. However, it is still difficult to control the stability of the ferroelectric polarization. Here, ReS2, h‐BN, and 2D ferroelectric material α‐In2Se3 are combined to construct van der Waals heterostructure. The dual‐gated coupling configuration polarizes the ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 stably and effectively, allowing it to act as high‐performance nonvolatile memory, programmable rectifier, and negative capacitance field‐effect transistor. As nonvolatile memory, the device exhibits a large memory window (77%), large on/off ratio (>106), ultralow programming state current (≈10‐13 A), and long data retention (>104 s). As a programmable rectifier, the device can regulate rectification in a wide range of gate voltages with a large rectification ratio (3 × 105). When used as field‐effect transistor, the device demonstrates hysteresis‐free, the minimum sub‐threshold swing of 24.5 mV dec‐1 at room temperature. These results may inspire further development of ferroelectric van der Waals heterostructure devices.
Electric‐Field‐Tunable Bandgaps in the Inverse‐Designed Nanoporous Graphene/Graphene Heterobilayers
Authors: Lee Byeoksong , Kang Joongoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe recent bottom‐up synthesis of atomically precise nanoporous graphene (NPG) offers a way of tuning graphene's properties by forming NPG/graphene (Grp) bilayers. Depending on the size, shape, and periodicity of the nanopores in NPG, the heterobilayers can exhibit various functionalities. This theoretical work presents an inverse design of NPG/Grp bilayers with electric‐field‐tunable bandgaps as a target property. The interlayer interaction in such heterobilayers can induce a bandgap in graphene either by breaking inversion symmetry (type I) or by moving and merging Dirac points of graphene (type II). The bandgap opening also requires electron–hole symmetry breaking induced by an applied perpendicular electric field, leading to two distinct, linear versus nonlinear, field dependences of the bandgap for the type‐I and type‐II cases, respectively. To translate the underlying physics of the bandgap opening in graphene into real atomic structures, the authors develop an inverse design method and find NPG/Grp bilayers with the target functionality. The field‐tunable bandgap in graphene, supported by first‐principles calculations for the inverse‐designed systems, holds promise for new types of graphene transistors.
Architectural effects regulate resource allocation within the inflorescences with nonlinear blooming patterns
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang , Zhang Bo , Wang Li‐Ping , Guo Wen , Fang Ye , Li Qing‐Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPremiseSpatial and temporal resource allocations within inflorescences have been well‐studied in many plants based on flowering sequence or floral position. However, there had been few attempts to investigate architectural effects and resource competition in species where the blooming pattern does not follow a linear positional pattern within the inflorescence. Moreover, most flowering plants show female‐biased sex allocation in early or basal flowers, but it is unclear in species with inherent and changeless ovule production.MethodsWe investigated intra‐inflorescence variation in reproductive traits ofSalvia przewalskii, a perennial herb with 4‐ouvle ovary flowers and flowering sequence–floral position decoupled inflorescences. To detect the effects of resource competition and architectural effects on reproductive success, we manipulated inflorescence (removed floral buds by position and flowering sequence) and pollination (opened and supplemented pollination).ResultsPollen production and dry mass deceased from bottom to top flowers but did not significantly differ following flowering sequence, resulting in male‐biased sex allocation in basal flowers. The seed production, fruit set, and bud development exhibited significant declining trends from proximal to distal positions regardless of the thinning and pollen treatments. Meanwhile, the seed production, fruit set, and bud development success did not significant differ when thinning was conducted according to flowering sequence.ConclusionsArchitectural effects plays a crucial role in resource allocation within decoupled flowering inflorescences. Moreover, our results highlighted that inherent floral traits such as changeless ovule production, may modify architectural effects on sex allocation.
Partial Restoration of Brain Dystrophin and Behavioral Deficits by Exon Skipping in the Muscular Dystrophy X‐Linked (mdx) Mouse
Authors: Zarrouki Faouzi , Relizani Karima , Bizot Flavien , Tensorer Thomas , Garcia Luis , Vaillend Cyrille , Goyenvalle Aurélie 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesDuchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with various degrees of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. Emotional and memory deficits also constitute reliable outcome measures to assess efficacy of treatments in the mdx mouse lacking the muscle and neuronal full‐length dystrophins. The present study aimed to evaluate whether these deficits could be alleviated by the restoration of brain dystrophin.MethodsWe performed intracerebroventricular administration of a new potent tricyclo‐DNA antisense oligonucleotide (tcDNA‐ASO) containing a full phosphodiester backbone conjugated to a palmitic acid moiety (tcDNA‐ASO), designed to skip the mutated exon 23 of mdx mice.ResultsWe first show that the tcDNA‐ASO rescues expression of brain dystrophin to 10–30% of wild‐type levels and significantly reduces the abnormal unconditioned fear responses in mdx mice in a dose‐dependent manner, 5 weeks post‐injection. Exon skipping efficiency, ASO biodistribution, protein restoration and effect on the fear response were optimal with a dose of 400 μg at 6–7 weeks post‐injection, with synaptic‐like expression in brain tissues such as the hippocampus and amygdala. Furthermore, this dose of tcDNA‐ASO restored long‐term memory retention of mdx mice in an object recognition task, but only had minor effects on fear conditioning.InterpretationThese results suggest for the first time that postnatal re‐expression of brain dystrophin could reverse or at least alleviate some cognitive deficits associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:213–229
An Unusual Oxidative Rearrangement Catalyzed by a Divergent Member of the 2‐Oxoglutarate‐Dependent Dioxygenase Superfamily during Biosynthesis of Dehydrofosmidomycin
Authors: Parkinson Elizabeth I. , Lakkis Hani G. , Alwali Amir A. , Metcalf Mary Elizabeth M. , Modi Ramya , Metcalf William W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe biosynthesis of the natural product dehydrofosmidomycin involves an unusual transformation in which 2‐(trimethylamino)ethylphosphonate is rearranged, desaturated and demethylated by the enzyme DfmD, a divergent member of the 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase superfamily. Although other members of this enzyme family catalyze superficially similar transformations, the combination of all three reactions in a single enzyme has not previously been observed. By characterizing the products of in vitro reactions with labeled and unlabeled substrates, we show that DfmD performs this transformation in two steps, with the first involving desaturation of the substrate to form 2‐(trimethylamino)vinylphosphonate, and the second involving rearrangement and demethylation to form methyldehydrofosmidomycin. These data reveal significant differences from the desaturation and rearrangement reactions catalyzed by other family members.
Bioinspired Metalation of the Metal‐Organic Framework MIL‐125‐NH2 for Photocatalytic NADH Regeneration and Gas‐Liquid‐Solid Three‐Phase Enzymatic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Lin Gang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Hua Yutao , Zhang Chunhui , Jia Changchao , Ju Dianxing , Yu Cunming , Li Peng , Liu Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoenzyme NADH regeneration is crucial for sustained photoenzymatic catalysis of CO2 reduction. However, light‐driven NADH regeneration still suffers from the low regeneration efficiency and requires the use of a homogeneous Rh complex. Herein, a Rh complex‐based electron transfer unit was chemically attached onto the linker of the MIL‐125‐NH2. The coupling between the light‐harvesting iminopyridine unit and electron‐transferring Rh‐complex facilitated the photo‐induced electron transfer for the NADH regeneration with the yield of 66.4 % in 60 mins for 5 cycles. The formate dehydrogenase was further deposited onto the hydrophobic layer of the membrane by a reverse filtering technique, which forms the gas‐liquid‐solid reaction interface around the enzyme site. It gave an enhanced formic acid yield of 9.5 mM in 24 hours coupled with the in situ regenerated NADH. The work could shed light on the construction of integrated inorganic‐enzyme hybrid systems for artificial photosynthesis.
A Deep Eutectic Solvent Thermomorphic Multiphasic System for Biocatalytic Applications
Authors: Meyer Lars‐Erik , Andersen Mads Bruno , Kara Selin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe applicability of a thermomorphic multiphasic system (TMS) composed of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and an aqueous potassium phosphate buffer with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase change for homogeneous biocatalysis was investigated. A lidocaine‐based DES with the fatty acid oleic acid as a hydrogen‐bond donor was studied. Phase diagrams were determined and presented within this study. We tested different additional components to the solvent system and observed a decrease in the cloud point of approximately 0.026 °C per concentration unit. Distribution studies revealed a clear distribution of the protein in the aqueous buffer phase (>95 %), whereas the hydrophobic substrate and educt accumulated (>95 %) in the DES‐enriched layer. Finally, a reduction catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was performed in a larger‐scale experiment, and the biocatalyst could be recycled by simply removing the DES phase for three recycling runs.
Bioinspired Metalation of the Metal‐Organic Framework MIL‐125‐NH2for Photocatalytic NADH Regeneration and Gas‐Liquid‐Solid Three‐Phase Enzymatic CO2Reduction
Authors: Lin Gang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Hua Yutao , Zhang Chunhui , Jia Changchao , Ju Dianxing , Yu Cunming , Li Peng , Liu Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoenzyme NADH regeneration is crucial for sustained photoenzymatic catalysis of CO2reduction. However, light‐driven NADH regeneration still suffers from the low regeneration efficiency and requires the use of a homogeneous Rh complex. Herein, a Rh complex‐based electron transfer unit was chemically attached onto the linker of the MIL‐125‐NH2. The coupling between the light‐harvesting iminopyridine unit and electron‐transferring Rh‐complex facilitated the photo‐induced electron transfer for the NADH regeneration with the yield of 66.4 % in 60 mins for 5 cycles. The formate dehydrogenase was further deposited onto the hydrophobic layer of the membrane by a reverse filtering technique, which forms the gas‐liquid‐solid reaction interface around the enzyme site. It gave an enhanced formic acid yield of 9.5 mM in 24 hours coupled with thein situregenerated NADH. The work could shed light on the construction of integrated inorganic‐enzyme hybrid systems for artificial photosynthesis.
Double C‐H bond functionalization for the annulative π‐extension of 1‐arylimidazoles: A palladium‐catalyzed one pot access to imidazo[1,5‐f]phenanthridines
Authors: Liu Linhao , Huang Hai‐Yun , Doucet Henri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed annulative π‐extension reaction of 1‐arylimidazoles for the one pot preparation of imidazo[1,5‐f]phenanthridines was explored. The higher reactivity of imidazole C5‐H bond compared to C2‐H bond of imidazoles for Pd‐catalyzed direct arylation in the presence of carboxylate bases allows the selective synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐f]phenanthridines. The reaction proceeds via successive palladium‐catalyzed direct intermolecular C5‐arylation of the imidazole unit followed by an intramolecular direct arylation step. This synthetic pathway allowed us to describe the first synthesis of imidazo[1,5‐f]phenanthridine. Moreover, by using the appropriate substrates, the introduction of desired functional groups at positions 5, 7, 10, and 11 of imidazo[1,5‐f]phenanthridines is possible.
Phosphorus/nitrogen compound and zinc hydroxystannate‐modified graphene oxide for efficient flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Hongni , He Zhongjie , Wang Yudeng , Zhang Zhilin , Li Xiaoqian , Wang Dechao , Su Fangfang , Yao Dongdong , Zheng Yaping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite many important industrial applications, epoxy resin (EP) suffers from high flammability and toxicity emission. To circumvent the problem, phosphorus/nitrogen compound and zinc hydroxystannate‐modified graphene oxide is successfully fabricated. The functionalized graphene (FGO) exhibits high thermal stability and excellent dispersity in the EP matrix. The storage modulus of EP/FGO2 increases to 2713 MPa from 2176 MPa. Meanwhile, the results show a significant reduction in fire, smoke, and toxicity hazards. Compared with pure EP, incorporating only 2.0 wt% FGO2 into EP, smoke production rate, the peak heat release rate, and peak carbon monoxide production are dramatically reduced by 40.1%, 40.3%, and 37.7%, respectively. Especially, the fire growth index of EP/FGO2 is reduced by 36.0%. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index value of EP/FGO2 enhances to 28.5% and its UL‐94 achieves V‐1 rating. These superior fire safety properties are due to the catalytic, barrier effect of the FGO, the compact char blocks the diffusion of smoke and heat during combustion. This work provides an efficient strategy to prepare a promising graphene‐based flame retardant to improve the fire safety and mechanical property of EP.
Synthesis, density functional theory calculation, molecular docking studies, and evaluation of novel 5‐nitrothiophene derivatives for anticancer activity
Authors: Nuha Demokrat , Evren Asaf E. , Çiyanci Zennure Ş. , Temel Halide E. , Akalin Çiftçi Gülşen , Yurttaş Leyla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWithin the scope of this study, new 2‐{2‐[(5‐nitrothiophen‐2‐yl)methylene]hydrazinyl}thiazole derivatives (2a–j) were synthesized and investigated for their potential anticancer and enzyme inhibition activities. Spectroscopic techniques were used to determine the structures of substances. The anticancer activities of compounds were detected in A549 human lung carcinoma and L929 murine fibroblast cell lines, determining cytotoxicity, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane integrity, and caspase‐3 activation. Compounds 2b bearing 4‐nitrophenyl, 2c bearing phenyl, and 2d bearing 4‐cyanophenyl moieties were specified with high anticancer activity, acting through an apoptotic pathway with an apoptosis ratio of 9.61%–15.59%. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was determined to be 25.53% and 22.33% for compounds 2b and 2c, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2c exhibited excellent caspase‐3 activation. A molecular docking study was realized with compound 2c on the caspase‐3 enzyme. Furthermore, the electronic characteristics of the active compounds were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) level. The frontier molecular orbital energy and atomic net charges were examined.