bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breathing out dental fear: A feasibility crossover study on the effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing in children sitting on the dentist's chair
Authors: Levi Martina , Bossù Maurizio , Luzzi Valeria , Semprini Federica , Salaris Andrea , Ottaviani Cristina , Violani Cristiano , Polimeni Antonella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety related to the dental context is a clinically significant challenge. In children, dental fear is often accompanied by disruptive and uncooperative behaviours that can render treatment difficult. Although techniques to reduce children's anxiety exist, many have not been formally evaluated.DesignDiaphragmatic breathing has been shown to reduce fear and anxiety, but few investigations have evaluated whether it can reduce dental anxiety in children. This crossover study tested the effectiveness and feasibility of diaphragmatic breathing in twenty children undergoing dental care.ResultsCompared with the treatment as usual, such a simple technique had significant benefits on mood, self‐reported pain and autonomic balance, thus reducing sympathetic activation.ConclusionDiaphragmatic breathing is a low‐cost, easy–to‐implement technique suitable for daily dental practice, and is a promising tool for reducing negative effect and physiological distress in children with dental anxiety that results in more cooperative behaviours and reduced visit time.
Protocol for selecting exemplary silicate deposit compositions for evaluating thermal and environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Ericks Andrew R. , Zok Frank W. , Poerschke David L. , Levi Carlos G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA protocol for selecting representative silicate compositions for comparative testing of gas turbine coating materials is presented. It begins with a curated dataset of compositions of engine deposits and naturally occurring siliceous debris including volcanic ashes, sands, and dusts. The compositions are first reduced to the five major oxides—those of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and Si—and then distilled further using principal component analysis and k‐means clustering. The process ultimately yields four classes of possible deposits with common chemical characteristics. Each class is represented by a composition centroid and a range in Ca:Si ratios. Key thermophysical properties of the possible deposits are calculated and related to the glass network connectivity, characterized by the Si:O ratio. Finally, deposits from each of these classes are compared in terms of their reactions with prototypical thermal and environmental barrier oxides, with due consideration of the effects of composition variations within each deposit class. The protocol is, in principle, adaptable to datasets compiled by OEMs and researchers in gas turbine coatings.
Mycosynthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles diminish brown rot of apple whilst maintaining composition and pertinent organoleptic properties
Authors: Akbar Mahnoor , Haroon Urooj , Ali Musrat , Tahir Kinza , Chaudhary Hassan Javed , Munis Muhammad Farooq Hussain 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were mycosynthesized using Trichoderma harzianum and applied to control brown rot of apple. The influence of Fe2O3 NPs on the quality of fruit was also studied.

Methods and Results
Diseased apple fruits with brown rot symptoms were collected, and the disease-causing pathogen was isolated and identified as Fusarium oxysporum. To control this disease, mycosynthesis of Fe2O3 NPs was executed using T. harzianum. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the occurrence of stabilizing and reducing agents on NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis determined their average size (17.78 nm) and crystalline nature. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) showed strong signals of iron, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed a high degree of polydispersity of synthesized NPs. Foliar application of NPs significantly reduced brown rot and helped fruits to maintain biochemical and organoleptic properties. Firmness and higher percentage of soluble solids, sugars and ascorbic acid depicted its good quality.

Conclusion
Environment-friendly mycosynthesized Fe2O3 NPs can be effectively used to control brown rot of apple.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Trichoderma harzianum is a famous biocontrol agent, and the synthesis of NPs in its extract is an exciting avenue to control fungal diseases. Due to its nontoxic nature to human gut, it can be applied on all edible fruits.
Advanced practice nurse work environments and job satisfaction and intent to leave: Six‐state cross sectional and observational study
Authors: Poghosyan Lusine , Kueakomoldej Supakorn , Liu Jianfang , Martsolf Grant 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore the relationship between nurse practitioner work environment and nurse practitioner outcomes (job satisfaction and intent to leave) in the United States.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional survey design to collect survey data from primary care nurse practitioners in six states in the United States.MethodsWe sent mail surveys to 5689 eligible nurse practitioners in Arizona, New Jersey, Washington, Pennsylvania, California and Texas. The mail also contained an online link. Participants could complete either the paper or online questionnaire. In total, 1244 participants completed the survey in 2018–2019. The work environment was measured using the Nurse Practitioner‐Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire comprised of four subscales: Nurse Practitioner‐Administration Relations, Nurse Practitioner‐Physician Relations, Independent Practice and Support and Professional Visibility. Global items measured job satisfaction and intent to leave. We used mixed‐effect proportional‐odds cumulative logit models to assess the association between work environment and job satisfaction and intent to leave.ResultsOverall, 90% of participants were either very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with their job and 22% reported intent to leave their job in 1 year. With a one‐unit increase in the organizational‐level Nurse Practitioner‐Administration Relations score, the odds of having a higher job satisfaction level increased by about four times and the odds of intent to leave job decreased by about 60%. A higher organizational‐level Nurse Practitioner‐Physician Relations score was significantly associated with higher job satisfaction and lower odds of intent to leave.ConclusionImprovements in work environments may improve nurse practitioner job satisfaction and retention.ImpactThis study examined the relationship between work environment, job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurse practitioners. Better work environment is associated with higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Findings have implications for clinical leadership who can take actions to create better work environments to increase the nurse practitioner workforce capacity.
Confronting sexism: Identifying dimensions and exploring impact
Authors: Dray Kelly K. , Sabat Isaac E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough the effects of confronting sexism have been examined in the past, no research to date has demonstrated the most common dimensions along which confrontations of workplace sexism differ. Furthermore, previous research has not fully examined how different forms of sexism confrontations differentially impact the workplace experiences of targets experiencing these sexist actions. Thus, these two studies examine how confrontations of workplace sexism commonly differ and the workplace implications of these differences. In Study 1, data were collected from individuals who had witnessed a sexist encounter in the workplace that was subsequently confronted. Using a content analysis approach, we found that the most common differences in confrontations of workplace sexism included the identity of the confronter, the tone of the confrontation, the location of the confrontation, the number of confronters, and the timing of the confrontation. In Studies 2 and 3, we examined how these differences impacted job stress, turnover intentions, perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and workplace diversity climate of women targets. In Study 2, analysis of survey data from women employees determined that workplace confrontations of workplace sexism of any form are equally beneficial for women targets. Study 3, an experimental vignette study, provided support for the Study 2 findings. This study aids researchers in understanding the dimensionality of sexism confrontations as well as the relationships between these dimensions and important workplace outcomes. This study will also prove useful for practitioners intent on educating allies and targets on when and how they should confront sexism at work.
Relationship of coffee consumption with a decline in kidney function among patients with type 2 diabetes: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry
Authors: Komorita Yuji , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Iwase Masanori , Fujii Hiroki , Ide Hitoshi , Oku Yutaro , Higashi Taiki , Oshiro Ayaka , Sakamoto Wakako , Yoshinari Masahito , Nakamura Udai , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe evidence regarding the effects of coffee consumption on incident chronic kidney disease is inconclusive, and no studies have investigated the relationship in patients with diabetes. We aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between coffee consumption and the decline in estimated glomerular function rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 3,805 patients (2,112 men, 1,693 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean age 64.2 years) and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were followed (completion of follow up, 97.6%; median 5.3 years). Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline. The end‐point was a decline in eGFR to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 during the follow‐up period.ResultsDuring follow up, 840 participants experienced a decline in eGFR to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Higher coffee consumption reduced the risk of decline in eGFR. Compared with no coffee consumption, the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.77 (0.63–0.93) for less than one cup per day, 0.77 (0.62–0.95) for one cup per day and 0.75 (0.62–0.91) for two or more cups per day (P for trend 0.01). This trend was unaffected by further adjustment for baseline eGFR and albuminuria. The mean eGFR change per year was −2.16 mL/min/1.73 m2 with no coffee consumption, −1.89 mL/min/1.73 m2 with less than one cup per day, −1.80 mL/min/1.73 m2 with one cup per day and −1.78 mL/min/1.73 m2 with two or more cups per day (P for trend 0.03).ConclusionsCoffee consumption is significantly associated with a lower risk of decline in eGFR in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Understanding the trophic relationships amongst arthropods in olive grove by δN15and δC13stable isotope analysis
Authors: Morente Marina , Ruano Francisca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSo far the limited knowledge about the diet of omnivores and generalist predators in olive groves has not allowed the clarification of their role as natural enemies. Stable isotope (δN15and δC13) analysis is a useful tool for predicting the trophic position of a high number of species, the variety of basal resources and the flux of energy in the food web. We have explored the possible consumers of two important pests in the olive grove: adults ofPrays oleaeBern (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) during its anthophagous generation and the pupae ofBactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). In addition, we have included in the study the adult instar of the secondary pestEuphyllura olivina(Costa) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). These arthropods were clustered in isotopic groups according to their similarities in δN15and δC13content assuming that, in this case, they shared similar feeding habits. Using this criterion, we obtained eight isotopically different groups of predators and eleven groups of phytophagous insects. We have used Bayesian mixing models in order to identify the potential predators of the different pests included in our study and the proportion that each pest occupied in the diet of the identified predators. Different taxa of spiders andAnthocoris nemoralis(Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) have emerged as potential predators ofB. oleae. Moreover, Gnaphosidae (Araneae) showed suitable isotopic characteristics to be identified as potential predator ofP. oleaeandA. nemoralishas been confirmed as a predator ofE. olivina. The presence ofE. olivinaas an abundant resource encourages the settlement of natural enemies in olive orchards which feed on this secondary pest, but are also ready to feed on any insect outbreak, for exampleP. oleae.
Three‐dimensional architecture of Cyrilia lignieresi gametocyte‐stage development inside red blood cells
Authors: Turiel‐Silva Maíra , Wendt Camila , Silva Edilene O. , Rodrigues Ana Paula Drummond , de Souza Wanderley , Miranda Kildare , Diniz José A. P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Haemogregarinidae family (Apicomplexa: Adeleina) comprises hemoprotozoa that infect mammals, birds, amphibians, fish, and reptiles. Some morphological characteristics of the Cyrilia lignieresi have been described previously, but the parasite–erythrocyte relationship is still poorly understood. In order to understand the structural architecture of C. lignieresi‐infected red blood cells, electron microscopy‐based three‐dimensional reconstruction was carried out using TEM as well as FIB‐SEM tomography. Results showed that development of the macrogametocyte‐stage inside the red blood cell is related to an increase in cleft‐like structures in the host cell cytoplasm. Furthermore, other aspects related to parasite intraerythrocytic development were explored by 3D visualization techniques. We observed the invagination of a large extension of the Inner Membrane Complex (IMC) on the parasite body, which results from or induces a folding of the posterior end of the parasite. Small tubular structures were seen associated with areas related to IMC folding. Taken together, results provide new information on the remodeling of erythrocytes induced by the protozoan C. lignieresi.
Asymmetric competition over space use and territory between native brown trout (Salmo trutta) and invasive brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Authors: Lovén Wallerius Magnus , Moran Vilhem , Závorka Libor , Höjesjö Johan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterference competition over food and territory can shape population structure and habitat use within and between species. The introduction of invasive species often leads to novel competitive interactions over shared resources and invaders can eventually exclude the native species from preferred habitats. Invasive brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) introduced to northern Europe have excluded native brown trout (Salmo trutta) from numerous headwater streams. The fact that invasive brook trout can displace the more aggressive brown trout is puzzling. However, the earlier spawning and hatching of brook trout, compared to brown trout, may lead to unequal competition due to size advantage and prior resident status of brook trout at the fry stage. In this study, we examine the effect of competition between brown trout and brook trout using the natural size distribution of the two species. In two consecutive experiments, we first measured space use and feeding of a fry (age 0+) in the presence of a juvenile (age 1+). In experiment 2, we assessed territorial interactions between the species at the fry stage (age 0+) and if smaller brown trout could compensate the disadvantage by manipulating residence duration. Fry of brook trout feed sooner and spend more time close to the larger individual than brown trout fry. We also found that brook trout fry won most territorial contests against brown trout, and that increased residence duration led to longer and more aggressive interactions. The results suggest that smaller brown trout are displaced to suboptimal habitats in the presence of a larger brook trout. Therefore, the later emergence from gravel beds resulting in the naturally occurring size disadvantage of brown trout at the fry stage may lead to unequal territorial interactions that could explain why brown trout are displaced from preferred habitats in sympatry with brook trout.
Endo‐wing versus transparent hood‐assisted colonoscopy for colorectal adenoma detection: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Miyaguchi Kazuya , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Hirooka Nobutaka , Shiomi Rie , Ohgo Hideki , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Imaeda Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to compare the mean number of adenomas in patients undergoing Endo‐wing‐assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and transparent hood‐assisted colonoscopy (TAC).MethodsPatients undergoing colonoscopy for positive fecal immunochemical tests, colon polyp surveillance, and evaluation of abdominal symptoms at a single institution were randomly assigned to the EAC or TAC group. The mean number of adenomas per patient, adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, mean number of adenomas per location, and adenoma size were compared.ResultsOverall, 800 patients were enrolled. The EAC and TAC groups comprised 372 and 393 patients, respectively. The groups did not significantly differ with respect to cecal intubation and withdrawal times. The mean number of adenomas per patient was significantly higher in the EAC group (1.13 vs 0.90, P = 0.04), particularly in the sigmoid colon (0.54 [201/372] vs 0.38 [149/393], P = 0.04). The adenoma detection rates were 48.1% and 45.0% in the EAC and TAC groups, respectively, albeit without significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.393). The total number of sessile‐type adenomas (0.73 [270/372] vs 0.47 [183/393], P < 0.0001) and small polyps (≤ 5 mm) (0.53 [198/372] vs 0.41 [159/393], P = 0.016) was significantly higher in the EAC group.ConclusionEndo‐wing‐assisted colonoscopy is significantly superior to TAC in terms of the mean number of adenomas per patient.
Accelerometer‐based estimation of oxygen uptake in adults with Down syndrome: vector magnitude vs. vertical axis
Authors: Ballenger B. K. , Schultz E. E. , Driskill M. , Richardson S. , Du Q. , Motl R. W. , Agiovlasitis S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTriaxial accelerometer output [vector magnitude (VM) counts] may better estimate physical activity intensity as reflected in the rate of oxygen uptake (V̇O2) than the traditional vertical axis (VA) counts in adults with Down syndrome (DS). This study examined the accuracy of VM vs. VA counts in estimating V̇O2 in adults with and without DS across different physical activities and sedentary behaviours.MethodsSixteen adults with DS (10 men and 6 women; 31 ± 15 years) and 19 adults without DS (10 men and 9 women; 24 ± 5 years) performed 12 tasks. V̇O2 was measured by portable spirometer (K4b2, Cosmed) and VM and VA with an accelerometer (wGT3X‐BT, Actigraph).ResultsVector magnitude and VA were significant predictors of V̇O2 in adults with DS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.74 and 0.65, respectively) and adults without DS (P < 0.001; P < 0.001; R2 = 0.75 and 0.61, respectively). Absolute error of prediction was significantly smaller for VM than VA for sitting, playing app, drawing, sweeping, standing and basketball (P ≤ 0.005), but smaller for VA than VM for walking at 0.8 m·s−1 (P = 0.005). Bland–Altman plots for adults with and without DS indicated narrower limits of agreement for VM than VA (−5.57 to 5.57 and −6.44 to 6.44 mL·kg−1·min−1; −6.21 to 6.17 and −7.75 to 7.74 mL·kg−1·min−1, respectively).ConclusionsVector magnitude and VA are significant predictors of V̇O2 in adults with and without DS, yet VM more accurately estimated V̇O2 than VA for most tasks. Development of accelerometer‐based prediction of physical activity levels in adults with and without DS may improve by utilising VM counts.
Serial coping to anxiety under a pandemic and subsequent regulation of vice food and beverage consumption among young adults
Authors: Jaud David A. , Lunardo Renaud 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has prompted great anxiety for most people worldwide. Building on the coping literature and two studies, this research examines the effect of such anxiety on young (18–35 years old) adults' consumption of vice food and beverages. Specifically, in an online experiment using a UK sample (N = 211), we first identify the feeling of helplessness as the reason why anxious people accept a situation less and reinterpret it less positively. Then, in a large study in France (N = 1006), we show that these coping mechanisms of acceptance and positive reinterpretation explain why individuals engage in unhealthy consumption as a response to their anxiety. From this serial coping explanation of the effects of anxiety, this article then offers implications for social marketers and public policymakers, particularly with respect to young people's well‐being and physical health.
Parents' employment, income, and finances before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Garrison Selena T. , Rampold Shelli D. , Vasquez Katherine , Gillen Martie , Baker Lauri M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic brought grave financial concerns for families in the United States as they attempted to navigate the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic. The present descriptive study examined Florida families' employment characteristics, credit card debt, savings characteristics, use of savings based on employment and income variables, and patterns of use of the first 2020 economic impact payment during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Responses to an online questionnaire were collected from 526 Florida residents, age 18 or older, who were parents of minor children during the time the study was conducted. Findings are indicative of varying financial impacts on families based on gender, marital status, income level, and employment status related to COVID‐19. Implications are presented for employers, educators, researchers, policymakers, and families.
Comparison between “5% minoxidil plus 2% flutamide” solution vs. “5% minoxidil” solution in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Faghihi Gita , Iraji Fariba , Siadat Amir Hossein , Saber Mina , Jelvan Minoo , Hoseyni Maedeh Sadat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia is defined as a patterned hair loss resulting from the effect of androgen on hair follicles and characterized by non‐scarring, progressive miniaturization of the hair follicles. Minoxidil and finasteride are regarded as the first‐line treatments with antiandrogens and flutamide are considered as the alternative choices. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of combination therapy with topical 2%flutamide plus 5% minoxidil vs. %5 minoxidil alone in the treatment of the androgenetic alopecia.Material and MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blinded clinical trial in 40 patients with androgenetic alopecia. Patients were randomized to receive either topical minoxidil vs. topical flutamide plus minoxidil for 6 months. At the end of study, patients were compared regarding mean hair density and mean hair thickness and patient's satisfaction. Collected data were analyzed using t‐test, Ki square, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests.ResultsTopical flutamide plus minoxidil solution was significantly more effective than minoxidil in terms of hair density, hair thickness, and patient's satisfaction (p < 0.05).ConclusionTopical hydroalcoholic solution of flutamide plus minoxidil may be promising treatment for the androgenetic alopecia. To better evaluate the efficacy of topical flutamide, more prolonged studies with higher number of patients and use of different vehicles and different ingredients are recommended.