bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and Diagnostic Algorithmic Rules (RADAR) for mood disorders, recurrence of illness, suicidal behaviours, and the patient’s lifetime trajectory
Authors: Maes Michael , Moraes Juliana Brum , Congio Ana , Vargas Heber , Nunes Sandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe top-down Diagnostic and Statistical Manual/International Statistical Classification of Diseases categories of mood disorders are inaccurate, and their dogmatic nature precludes both deductive (as indisputable) and inductive (as top-down) remodelling of case definitions. In trials, psychiatric rating scale scores employed as outcome variables are invalid and rely on folk psychology-like narratives. Using machine learning techniques, we developed a new precision nomothetic model of mood disorders with a recurrence of illness (ROI) index, a new endophenotype class, namely Major Dysmood Disorder (MDMD), characterised by increased ROI, a more severe phenome, and more disabilities. Nonetheless, our previous studies did not compute Research and Diagnostic Algorithmic Rules (RADAR) to diagnose MDMD and score ROI, lifetime (LT), and current suicidal behaviours, as well as the phenome of mood disorders. Here, we provide rules to compute bottom-up RADAR scores for MDMD, ROI, LT and current suicidal ideation and attempts, the phenome of mood disorders, and the lifetime trajectory of mood disorder patients from a family history of mood disorders and substance abuse to adverse childhood experiences, ROI, and the phenome. We also demonstrate how to plot the 12 major scores in a single RADAR graph, which displays all features in a two-dimensional plot. These graphs allow the characteristics of a patient to be displayed as an idiomatic fingerprint, allowing one to estimate the key traits and severity of the illness at a glance. Consequently, biomarker research into mood disorders should use our RADAR scores to examine pan-omics data, which should be used to enlarge our precision models and RADAR graph.
Across the Boards: Explaining Firm Support for Climate Policy
Authors: Lerner Michael , Osgood Iain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen do corporations stop ignoring or opposing climate action and start to go green? We focus on the role of corporate boards of directors, which shape firms' positions on internal and external issues of corporate governance and public policy. We argue that board decisions to engage constructively on climate issues are likely to be influenced by the choices and experiences of other firms. Learning, socialization, and competitive dynamics are especially important in highly salient and rapidly evolving policy areas, such as climate change. To test this theory, we construct the network of board memberships for US public corporations and uncover robust evidence that climate innovations diffuse among companies that share board members in common and among companies whose board members interact at separate boards. Understanding the unfolding dynamics of corporate climate action requires examining corporate boards and their social context.
Comparison of treatment modalities for single-sided deafness in paediatric patients
Authors: Kubina M , Fornwalt B , Patel S , Sharma B , Jeyakumar A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveChildren with single-sided deafness often receive inconsistent clinical recommendations because there is currently no clear best practice in paediatric single-sided deafness. This systematic review of the literature aimed to compare commonly used treatments and attempted to support the use of a particular treatment modality.MethodThis was a comprehensive literature review from 1 January 2000 to 22 February 2022; the study compared the outcomes of bone conduction devices and cochlear implantation in paediatric patients with single-sided deafness.ResultsFifteen studies consisting of 202 patients were examined. Variables including speech reception in quiet and noise, as well as quality of life measures were compared. Both cochlear implantation and bone-anchored hearing aids demonstrated benefits in sound perception. Quality of life measures improved with both modalities.ConclusionAlthough both bone-anchored hearing aids and cochlear implantation appear to provide significant improvements, additional research with more direct comparisons is needed to provide more decisive results.
Sequential percutaneous tricuspid and pulmonary valve implantation in a young child operated previously for Ebstein Anomaly
Authors: Odemis Ender , Yenidogan Irem , Aydin Selim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report a successful percutaneous tricuspid valve implantation followed by a percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in a young child with Ebstein’s anomaly of tricuspid valve and pulmonary stenosis who was previously treated surgically at 1 year of age with tricuspid ring annuloplasty and a transannular outflow patch. This article shows the feasibility of sequential implantation of two valves in young patients with severe tricuspid and pulmonary valve insufficiency.
The algorithmic law of business and human rights: constructing private transnational law of ratings, social credit and accountability measures
Authors: Backer Larry Catá , McQuilla Matthew B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the rise of algorithmic systems – that is, systems of data-driven governance (and social-credit-type) systems – in the form of ratings systems of business respecting human rights responsibilities. The specific context is rating or algorithmic systems emerging around national efforts to combat human trafficking through so-called Modern Slavery and Supply Chain Due Diligence legal. Section 2 provides a brief contextualisation of the problems and challenges of managing compliance with emerging law and norms against forced labour and, in its most extreme forms, modern slavery. Section 3 examines the landscape of such algorithmic private legal systems as it has developed to date in the context of forced labour ratings systems. There is a focus on the connection between the power to impose the normative basis of data analytics and the increasingly tightly woven-in connection between principal actors in this endeavour.
Characteristics of the Seismic Signal Generated by Fragmental Rockfalls: Insight From Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Lin Qiwen , Wang Yufeng , Cheng Qiangong , Deng Kaifeng , Liu Shitao , Li Kun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContinuous seismic signals are proposed as a useful quantitative information source for the estimation of rockfall properties. However, few studies have examined the characteristics of the seismic signal of fragmentation‐related rockfalls. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments designed with crushable analog blocks freefalling and impacting on a thin horizontal plate under different initial conditions (e.g., block volume, strength and fall height) were conducted. Strong correlations are observed between the rockfall properties and the seismic parameters when considering the rock fragmentation during impact. However, these relationships are observed only when the variation in potential energy spans over one order of magnitude, indicating that the application of seismic signals is limited by rockfall properties. In particular, the seismic energy calculated by the diffuse method is the most stable seismic parameter that is highly correlated with the potential energy of rockfalls. By compiling the available data of the seismic signals of both natural and experimental rockfalls from previous studies and our experiments, we found that the relationship between the seismic energy and the potential energy of rockfalls follows a power law model at all scales. The exponent of the power law function ranges from 1.11 to 1.69. Rock strength can significantly affect the seismic features, which are quantitatively discussed. Rock fragmentation acts as an intermediate variable, which is controlled by rockfall properties and consequently affects the corresponding seismic characteristics. Furthermore, rock fragmentation reduces the efficiency of the conversion of potential energy to seismic energy of rockfalls.
A Rate‐, State‐, and Temperature‐Dependent Friction Law With Competing Healing Mechanisms
Authors: Barbot Sylvain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe constitutive behavior of faults is central to many interconnected aspects of earthquake science, from fault dynamics to induced seismicity, to seismic hazards characterization. Yet, a friction law applicable to the range of temperatures found in the brittle crust and upper mantle is still missing. In particular, rocks often exhibit a transition from steady‐state velocity‐strengthening at room temperature to velocity‐weakening in warmer conditions that is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effect of competing healing mechanisms on the evolution of frictional resistance in a physical model of rate‐, state‐, and temperature‐dependent friction. The yield strength for fault slip depends on the real area of contact, which is modulated by the competition between the growth and erosion of interfacial micro‐asperities. Incorporating multiple healing mechanisms and rock‐forming minerals with different thermodynamic properties allows a transition of the velocity‐ and temperature‐dependence of friction at steady‐state with varying temperatures. We explain the mechanical data for granite, pyroxene, amphibole, shale, and natural fault gouges with activation energies and stress power exponent for weakening of 10–50 kJ/mol and 55–150, respectively, compatible with subcritical crack growth and inter‐granular flow in the active slip zone. Activation energies for the time‐dependent healing process in the range 90–130 kJ/mol in dry conditions and 20–65 kJ/mol in wet conditions indicate the prominence of viscoelastic collapse of microasperities in the absence of water and of pressure‐solution creep, crack healing, and cementation when assisted by pore fluids.
Distinct MJOs Under the Two Types of La Niña
Authors: Wei Yuntao , Ren Hong‐Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) strongly influences the interannual variations of Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO)—the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability. Previous studies have revealed more about the impacts of the diversified El Niño on MJO, but less about those of the La Niña diversity. Using observations and global climate model experiments, this study demonstrates that MJO undergoes distinct variations and Pacific teleconnections when La Niña varies between eastern‐Pacific (EP) and central‐Pacific (CP) types. Compared to the CP La Niña, MJO under the EP La Niña is more energetic over the southern Maritime Continent–South Pacific Convergence Zone and can propagate faster and further with a broader zonal circulation scale over the Indo‐Pacific warm pool. The stronger and faster MJO under the EP La Niña is associated with more vigorous ascending motions, higher moisture content and stronger moistening in the lower‐level atmosphere ahead of the MJO deep convection. Although the meridional moisture advection exists as the fundamental mechanism of MJO eastward propagation, the distinct MJO under the two types of La Niña primarily results from the different lower‐tropospheric moistening due to the zonal moisture advection. Both the background mean and anomalous zonal winds and moisture gradients are stronger under the EP La Niña, thereby causing a remarkable invigoration effect of zonally advective moistening. Diverse extratropical circulation responses of distinct MJOs are also discussed. These results should improve our understanding of the whole ENSO diversity paradigm that influences MJO and teleconnections.
Lnc Tmem235 promotes repair of early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by inhibiting hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs
Authors: Zhang Fei , Peng Wuxun , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian , Dong Wentao , Wang Chuan , Xie Zhihong , Luo Hong , Liu Gang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used in the treatment of early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). However, the hypoxic microenvironment in the osteonecrotic area leads to hypoxia-induced apoptosis of transplanted BMSCs, which limits their efficacy. Therefore, approaches that inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs are promising for augmenting the efficacy of BMSC transplantation. Our present study found that under hypoxia, the expression of the long noncoding RNA (Lnc) transmembrane protein 235 (Tmem235) was downregulated, the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein was upregulated, the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 protein was downregulated, and the apoptotic rate of BMSCs was over 70%. However, overexpression of Lnc Tmem235 reversed hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs and promoted their survival. These results demonstrated that Lnc Tmem235 effectively inhibited hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs. Mechanistically, we found that Lnc Tmem235 exhibited competitive binding to miR-34a-3p compared with BIRC5 mRNA, which is an inhibitor of apoptosis; this competitive binding relieved the silencing effect of miR-34a-3p on BIRC5 mRNA to ultimately inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs by promoting the expression of BIRC5. Furthermore, we cocultured BMSCs overexpressing Lnc Tmem235 with xenogeneic antigen-extracted cancellous bone to construct tissue-engineered bone to repair a model of early SONFH in vivo. The results showed that overexpression of Lnc Tmem235 effectively reduced apoptosis of BMSCs in the hypoxic microenvironment of osteonecrosis and improved the effect of BMSC transplantation. Taken together, our findings show that Lnc Tmem235 inhibited hypoxia-induced apoptosis of BMSCs by regulating the miR-34a-3p/BIRC5 axis, thus improving the transplantation efficacy of BMSCs for treating early SONFH.
Impact of alcohol exposure on neural development and network formation in human cortical organoids
Authors: Adams Jason W. , Negraes Priscilla D. , Truong Justin , Tran Timothy , Szeto Ryan A. , Guerra Bruno S. , Herai Roberto H. , Teodorof-Diedrich Carmen , Spector Stephen A. , Del Campo Miguel , Jones Kenneth L. , Muotri Alysson R. , Trujillo Cleber A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrenatal alcohol exposure is the foremost preventable etiology of intellectual disability and leads to a collection of diagnoses known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Alcohol (EtOH) impacts diverse neural cell types and activity, but the precise functional pathophysiological effects on the human fetal cerebral cortex are unclear. Here, we used human cortical organoids to study the effects of EtOH on neurogenesis and validated our findings in primary human fetal neurons. EtOH exposure produced temporally dependent cellular effects on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified EtOH-induced alterations in post-translational histone modifications and chromatin accessibility, leading to impairment of cAMP and calcium signaling, glutamatergic synaptic development, and astrocytic function. Proteomic spatial profiling of cortical organoids showed region-specific, EtOH-induced alterations linked to changes in cytoskeleton, gliogenesis, and impaired synaptogenesis. Finally, multi-electrode array electrophysiology recordings confirmed the deleterious impact of EtOH on neural network formation and activity in cortical organoids, which was validated in primary human fetal tissues. Our findings demonstrate progress in defining the human molecular and cellular phenotypic signatures of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional neurodevelopment, increasing our knowledge for potential therapeutic interventions targeting FASD symptoms.
Five recommendations for using large-scale publicly available data to advance health among American Indian peoples: the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) StudySM as an illustrative case
Authors: White Evan J. , Demuth Mara J. , Wiglesworth Andrea , Coser Ashleigh D. , Garrett Brady A. , Kominsky Terrence K. , Jernigan Valarie , Thompson Wesley K. , Paulus Martin , Aupperle Robin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmerican Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations have suffered a history of exploitation and abuse within the context of mental health research and related fields. This history is rooted in assimilation policies, historical trauma, and cultural loss, and is promulgated through discrimination and disregard for traditional culture and community knowledge. In recognition of this history, it is imperative for researchers to utilize culturally sensitive approaches that consider the context of tribal communities to better address mental health issues for AIAN individuals. The public availability of data from large-scale studies creates both opportunities and challenges when studying mental health within AIAN populations. This manuscript has two goals; first, showcase an example of problematic use of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) StudySM data to promulgate stereotypes about AIAN individuals and, second, in partnership with collaborators from Cherokee Nation, we provide five recommendations for utilizing data from publicly available datasets to advance health research in AIAN populations. Specifically, we argue for the consideration of (1) the heterogeneity of the communities represented, (2) the importance of focusing on AIAN health and well-being, (3) engagement of relevant communities and AIAN community leaders, (4) consideration of historical and ongoing injustices, and (5) engagement with AIAN regulatory agencies or review boards. These recommendations are founded on principles from broader indigenous research efforts emphasizing community-engaged research and principles of Indigenous Data Sovereignty and Governance.
Understanding VPAC receptor family peptide binding and selectivity
Authors: Piper Sarah J. , Deganutti Giuseppe , Lu Jessica , Zhao Peishen , Liang Yi-Lynn , Lu Yao , Fletcher Madeleine M. , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Christopoulos Arthur , Reynolds Christopher A. , Danev Radostin , Sexton Patrick M. , Wootten Denise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors are key regulators of neurological processes. Despite recent structural data, a comprehensive understanding of peptide binding and selectivity among different subfamily receptors is lacking. Here, we determine structures of active, Gs-coupled, VIP-VPAC1R, PACAP27-VPAC1R, and PACAP27-PAC1R complexes. Cryo-EM structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) reveal fewer stable interactions between VPAC1R and VIP than for PACAP27, more extensive dynamics of VIP interaction with extracellular loop 3, and receptor-dependent differences in interactions of conserved N-terminal peptide residues with the receptor core. MD of VIP modelled into PAC1R predicts more transient VIP-PAC1R interactions in the receptor core, compared to VIP-VPAC1R, which may underlie the selectivity of VIP for VPAC1R over PAC1R. Collectively, our work improves molecular understanding of peptide engagement with the PAC1R and VPAC1R that may benefit the development of novel selective agonists.
Elective nodal irradiation mitigates local and systemic immunity generated by combination radiation and immunotherapy in head and neck tumors
Authors: Darragh Laurel B. , Gadwa Jacob , Pham Tiffany T. , Van Court Benjamin , Neupert Brooke , Olimpo Nicholas A. , Nguyen Khoa , Nguyen Diemmy , Knitz Michael W. , Hoen Maureen , Corbo Sophia , Joshi Molishree , Zhuang Yonghua , Amann Maria , Wang Xiao-Jing , Dow Steven , Kedl Ross M. , Samedi Von , Boss Mary-Keara , Karam Sana D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the setting of conventional radiation therapy, even when combined with immunotherapy, head and neck cancer often recurs locally and regionally. Elective nodal irradiation (ENI) is commonly employed to decrease regional recurrence. Given our developing understanding that immune cells are radio-sensitive, and that T cell priming occurs in the draining lymph nodes (DLNs), we hypothesize that radiation therapy directed at the primary tumor only will increase the effectiveness of immunotherapies. We find that ENI increases local, distant, and metastatic tumor growth. Multi-compartmental analysis of the primary/distant tumor, the DLNs, and the blood shows that ENI decreases the immune response systemically. Additionally, we find that ENI decreases antigen-specific T cells and epitope spreading. Treating the primary tumor with radiation and immunotherapy, however, fails to reduce regional recurrence, but this is reversed by either concurrent sentinel lymph node resection or irradiation. Our data support using lymphatic sparing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.
Interferon-λ treatment accelerates SARS-CoV-2 clearance despite age-related delays in the induction of T cell immunity
Authors: Santer Deanna M. , Li Daniel , Ghosheh Yanal , Zahoor Muhammad Atif , Prajapati Dhanvi , Hansen Bettina E. , Tyrrell D. Lorne J. , Feld Jordan J. , Gehring Adam J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterferons induced early after SARS-CoV-2 infection are crucial for shaping immunity and preventing severe COVID-19. We previously demonstrated that injection of pegylated interferon-lambda accelerated viral clearance in COVID-19 patients (NCT04354259). To determine if the viral decline is mediated by enhanced immunity, we assess in vivo responses to interferon-lambda by single cell RNA sequencing and measure SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody responses between placebo and interferon-lambda-treated patients. Here we show that interferon-lambda treatment induces interferon stimulated genes in peripheral immune cells expressing IFNLR1, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells. Interferon-lambda does not affect SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels or the magnitude of virus-specific T cells. However, we identify delayed T cell responses in older adults, suggesting that interferon-lambda can overcome delays in adaptive immunity to accelerate viral clearance in high-risk patients. Altogether, interferon-lambda offers an early COVID-19 treatment option for outpatients to boost innate antiviral defenses without dampening peripheral adaptive immunity.
Absolute frequency metrology of buffer-gas-cooled molecular spectra at 1 kHz accuracy level
Authors: Aiello Roberto , Di Sarno Valentina , Delli Santi Maria Giulia , De Rosa Maurizio , Ricciardi Iolanda , De Natale Paolo , Santamaria Luigi , Giusfredi Giovanni , Maddaloni Pasquale 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBy reducing both the internal and translational temperature of any species down to a few kelvins, the buffer-gas-cooling (BGC) technique has the potential to dramatically improve the quality of ro-vibrational molecular spectra, thus offering unique opportunities for transition frequency measurements with unprecedented accuracy. However, the difficulty in integrating metrological-grade spectroscopic tools into bulky cryogenic equipment has hitherto prevented from approaching the kHz level even in the best cases. Here, we overcome this drawback by an original opto-mechanical scheme which, effectively coupling a Lamb-dip saturated-absorption cavity ring-down spectrometer to a BGC source, allows us to determine the absolute frequency of the acetylene (ν1 + ν3) R(1)e transition at 6561.0941 cm−1 with a fractional uncertainty as low as 6 × 10−12. By improving the previous record with buffer-gas-cooled molecules by one order of magnitude, our approach paves the way for a number of ultra-precise low-temperature spectroscopic studies, aimed at both fundamental Physics tests and optimized laser cooling strategies.