bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect Control on Dark-Fire Tobacco, 1978
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
’Virginia 309’ dark fire-cured tobacco was transplanted on May 25’78 in 4 ft rows with 26 inch spacing. Treatment plots 40 ft long and 4 rows wide were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Granular insecticides were ap-plied with a hand operated Cyclone narrow band spreader. Furadan 4F was applied with a 2.5 gal CO2~p0wered knapsack sprayer operated at 30 psi and deliv-ering 30 gal of finished spray/acre through a Whirljet nozzle. Preplant soil-incorporated treatments were applied and incorporporated by disking on May 19,78. Plot soil had a fine sandy loam texture and the temperature was ca 80� F at the time of application. Spray treatments were applied on July 11 using a CO2-powered knapsack sprayer operated at 60 psi and delivering 23.3 gal/acre through a single solid cone nozzle. Insect counts and yield data were determined for the 2 center rows of each plot. Green peach aphid counts were made by estimating the number of aphids present on 2 upper leaves of 10 plants/plot and tobacco flea beetle populations were counted for one side of 10 plants in each plot. Tobacco hornworms were counted on all plants in the 2 center rows of each plot.
Tobacco Hornworm and Sucker Control on Tobacco With Tank Mixes of Dipel And Sucker Control Agents, 1979
Authors: Southern P. S. , Collins W. K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On-farm tests were conducted in Wake and Lee counties, North Carolina, to assess the efficacy of tank mixes of Dipel WP and various sucker control agents. Plots were 0.025 acres, consisted of 4 rows separated by vacant fifth rows and 16-20 ft turn alleys, and were arranged in a randomized complete block design in 3 replicates. Two groups of treatments were tested. Group 1 treatments were tested against an artificially created homworm infestation at topping. Group 2 treatments were tested against a second artificial infestation (in different plots) 7-9 days later. Sucker control agents alone and tank mixes with Dipel were applied at 20 psi. Dipel applied separately was applied at 55 psi. All applications delivered 50 gal per acre of finished spray through three nozzles per row. Plots receiving Group 1 treatments were preceded (7-9 days) by application of the appropriate contact sucker control agent. Sixty (predominantly) second instar larvae were transferred from greenhouse tobacco to 40 plants near the center of each plot. After 2-3 days, established larvae were counted and treatments made. Three days later, surviving larvae were counted. Sucker control was evaluated on 20 plants 4-5 weeks after the final treatment. Hornworm survival was compared using the chi-square test. The effect of treatment on sucker weight, sucker number (transformed: square root of number + 0.5), yield and qualify were compared in a two-way analysis of variance using Student’s f-fest.
Wild Black Cherry, Chemical Control of Eastern Tent Caterpillar,Lafayette, Indiana, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 14 treatments was applied to small wild black cherry trees at the Duncan Electric Company, Lafayette, Indiana on May 21'79. The materials were applied with a one gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. Temperature at the time of application was 69-70° F. The caterpillars were nearing maturity. The experiment was replicated three times. There was no evidence of phytotoxicity thru nine days post treatment. Immediately following treatment 10 treated larvae were col-lected in plastic bags for observation and mortality counts. Forty-eight hours after treatment the number of larvae per nest were counted.
Control of Citrus Mealybug on Coleus, Wax Plant and Philodendron, 1978
Authors: Pilitt Dona R. , Neal John W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plants were infested with citrus mealybug by over-laying cut stems and leaves from heavily infested coleus. Each treatment was applied to 10 plants purchased from a commercial grower for these tests. Appli-cations were to runoff with a Hudson Climax 3-gallon sprayer maintained at full pressure. Coleus plants were sprayed on Sept 26 when the temperature was 75°F. Hoya tests were sprayed July 20 when it was 80-87°F. Philodendron plants were sprayed Aug 17 at 84-86°F. The Temik used was prepared in individually weighed amounts for each pot. The plants were watered immediately after application of the pesticides and then as necessary during a one-month holding per-iod. Additional groups of 10 plants of each type served as untreated checks. Each chemical was also applied at 2X and 4X rate for determination of phyro-toxicity. For the test of efficacy the philodendron were held 4 days; then 6 leaves and associated nodes were examined. Coleus were held for 7 days and then 5 of the largest leaves on each plant (no 2 leaves from the same node) were examined. Hoya plants were held for 12 days and then 6 leaves per plant were examined.
Dwarf Evergreen Euonymus, Hemispherical Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty six 8-10 inch tall, container-grown dwarf evergreen euonymus, heavily infested with hemispherical scale (300-400 per 2 inch section of growing tip), were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 6 inch pots. All stages of hemispherical scale were present. A single application of test materials was made out-of-doors Jun 18'79. Chevron spray sticker was added to all treatments at the rate of 2.4 ml/gal of spray mixture. Plants were sprayed to run-off using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, one plant constituting a replication. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a plastic greenhouse. Mortality was determined Jul 3'79 by counting 100 individuals per plant. Counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by examining each scale insect and scoring it as living if normally-colored and full-bodied or dead if it was discolored and shriveled or dried.
Boston Sword Fern, Brown Soft Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 8 treatments were applied to Boston sword ferns in 6 inch pots in the Purdue Entomology greenhouse on May 31 '79- Treatments were applied with a B & G stainless steel one gallon compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. A single potted fern comprised a plot. Two weeks post treatment the numbers of live and dead nymphs were counted under a dissecting microscope from 10 leaflets per treatment. The experiment was replicated four times
Gynura, M. Persicae Control, Wooster, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Lindquist Richard K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied as foliar sproys, soil drenches, and granules at 1/2X, IX, and 4X for M. persicae control and phytotoxicity evaluations on greenhouse Gynura. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff with a CO2 sprayer at 40 psi. Granules were applied to the growing media surface and watered in. Soil drenches were applied at the rate of 120 ml/pot. Treatments were applied on Jun 27’78. Data are means of 4 replications, with aphids recorded from apical areas of 4 plants/replicate.
Gladiolus, Gladiolus Thrips, Melon Aphis and Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The possible effects of three insecticides on gladiolus pests was evaluated on three varieties of gladiolus between Jul 10 and Aug 29'79. The planting was near West Point, Indiana. All of the treatments were foliar sprays applied with a one gallon B & G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design was used with five replications.
Dwarf Burford Holly, Tea Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Ray Charles H. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty-six 1 ft tall, container grown dwarf burford hollies heavily infested with tea scale were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 1 gal plastic pots. Test materials were applied Jun 18'79. Chevron spray-sticker was added to all treat-ments at the rate of 2.4 ml/gal of spray mixture. The foliage of all plants was sprayed to runoff using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, one plant constituting a replication. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a plastic greenhouse. Efficacy of the treatments was de-termined on Jul 3'79 by examining 100 adult female tea scales per plant. Mortality counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by examining each scale insect and scoring it as living if normally colored and fullbodied or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Juniper, Bagworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Pamell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A row of 40 common Junipers, ca. 6 ft. high and uniformly infested with bagworms, were selected for treatment. Insecticides were applied on June 27'79 using a D.B. Smith 5-gal sprayer at 40 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. On July 6, mortality was determined by collecting 10 bags from each treated plant and placing them in the greenhouse at 120° F for 30 minutes. Live larvae began moving immediately.
Napdragons, Flower Thrips, Green Melon Aphid and Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated against the flower thrips, melon aphid and twospotted spider mite on snapdragons. The plants in a private garden in West Lafayette, Indiana were treated on July 3'79 using a B & G stainless steel one gallon compressed air sprayer operating at 30 psi. A randomized block design was utilized with three replications; a single plant comprised a plot. At the time of treatment the plants were 12-14 inches high. One month after treatment a floral head was removed from each plant, bagged, taken to the laboratory, and placed in a Berlese funnel. Three days later the sample was removed and the mites, aphids and thrips counted under a binocular microscope.
Control of Willow Leaf Beetle on Willows, 1979
Authors: Pinksron Ken , Price Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were tested to control willow leaf beetle larvae on black and weeping willows at a private housing subdivision in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Willows 10 to 20 feet high were utilized and treatments were randomized and replicated three times. Trees were separated by sufficient distance to avoid spray drift. Treatments were made with a John Bean 55 sprayer and a Spraying Systems Gun, Jet No. 43 which delivered 3.2 gal/min at 300 psi. The trees were treated May 16'79 when the temperature was 84°F and the wind velocity ranged from 3-5 mph, Pretreatment and posttreatment larval counts were determined by examining the leaves on 24 inches of terminal branch growth at ten different locations in each tree.
Apple, Evaluation of Sprayers, 1979
Authors: Hull L. A . , Hickey K. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Distribution pattern, amount of deposit and biological efficacy of pesticides applied by different commercial airblast sprayers were measured in a mature block of 'Stayman Winesap' apple trees. Trees used were planted at a distance of 9.1 m in rows 10.7 m apart and were well pruned to a height of 3.7 to 4.3 m. Comparisons of one conventional and three low-volume, mist-type airblast sprayers were made. Treatments were randomized in a complete block design with four replicated single tree plots. Sprays were applied during calm air conditions from only one side of the sprayers and treated trees were separated by one row of trees which minimized drift. The same chemicals and amounts/acre were applied on Jun 25 with all sprayers driven at 2.5 mph but the amount of spray mixture varied. The pesticides and the chemical tracer used/acre were as follows; Kelthane 35W 4.0 lb, Sevin 50W 4.0 lb, Phosphamidon 8EC 8.0 fl oz, Triton B-1956 8.0 fl oz, and Fire Orange A-14 1.0 lb. Observations for the effectiveness of the insecticide deposit were made on terminals collected 3.7 to 4.3 m high (top of tree) on both sides (east and west) nearest the sprayer outlet and along the middle top of the tree parallel to the tree row. Five terminals/section were observed for number of leaves infested and number of live aphids on the most infested leaf/in fested terminal. Spray distribution and estimated percent upper and lower leaf surface covered by droplets containing the fluorescent chemical was determined by observing under ultra-violet light 25 leaves/tree collected at random from the top middle secti on of the tree. Samples were collected after the spray was dry on Jun 25. The percent surface covered with droplets was estimated visually using the Barratt-Horsfall method. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the appropriate transformation, Duncan K - ratio test for mean separation.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Sod Webworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A series of 33 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 6-7'79. At the time of application adult moths were flying and egg deposition for the first generation had begun. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pres-sure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Temperatures at the time of application were 84 - 87° F. Half of each plot was sampled on July 5 and Aug 2 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Comparative Toxicity of Technical Orthene and Orthene 75S To Western Spruce Budworm And Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth, 1979
Authors: Haverty Michael I. , Rappaporf Nancy G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Chevron Chemical Co. is changing the formulation of acephate for forestry used from 75% a.i. (Orthene 75S) to 97% a.i. (technical Orthene). Orthene 75S is registered for control of western spruce budworm (WSBW) and Douglas-fir tussock moth (DFTM), at the present time. To assess whether the change in formulation would affect toxicity, feeding tests were done on 6th stage WSBW and 4th stage DFTM. Both formulations were dissolved in distilled water on the basis of weight/volume concentrations of the active ingredient. Eight concentrations serially diluted from a freshly prepared concentrate were used in each of 3 to 6 replications for each formulation and species. Two hundred jul of each concentration were added to 10 cc aliquots of liquefied artificial diet, and the mixture was stirred thoroughly in a plastic pill cup. When gelled, each died mold was removed from the pill cut and fed to 10 larvae. Mortality was tallied after 3 and 7 days of feeding.
Toxicities of Topically Applied Insecticides To Western Spruce Budworm, 1979
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Kimball Richard A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Topical application tests were conducted to determine the toxicities of 10 insecticides to 6th instar western spruce budworm. Insects were randomly selected from the 82nd generation of a nondiapausing laboratory colony. Eight concentrations of each chemical were serially diluted from a concentrated source prepared for each of three replications of each experiment. Each chemical was applied in reagent grade acetone. Treatment- was performed with an ISCO model M microapplicator equipped with a 0.25 cc tuberculin syringe. A dosage rate of 1 jul/100 mg body weight was used to apply the insecticide to the thoracic dorsa of CO2-anesthetized larvae weighing 60-120 mg. After treatment, larvae were fed artificial diet. Mortality was tallied 7 days after treatment.
Cooley Spruce Gall Aphid Control in Christmas Tree Plantings With Aldicarb, Windsor, Connecticut, 1977-79
Authors: Ahrens J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cooley aphids on Douglas-fir reduce growth rates and quality for Christmas trees. Aphid galls on Colorado spruce also reduce tree quality. Granular aldicarb (Temik 10G) was first applied on Sept 8'76 at the rate of 10 grams of granules per tree in single bar holes 4 to 6 in deep at the drip line of trees in a plantation established 4 seasons. The hight of the trees averaged about 2.5 ft in Sept '76 and 5 ft in Apr'79. The holes were closed with a kick of the heel. The trees were planted in two row plots spaced 6 ft apart with 5 trees per row spaced 3 ft apart. Temik 10G was applied on one row of each plot. Plots were replicated three times with Colorado spruce and 12 times with Douglas-fir. The soil type was a sandy loam. In May'77 aphid infestations were rated on all trees. Temik 10G was reapplied on Apr 13'78 using 10 grams per tree, and on Apr 10'79 using 20 grams per tree. Ratings of aphid damage on Douglas-fir were made in Aug'78 and Aug'79 on a scale of 0 to 4, with 0 as no injury and 4 as severe injury. Counts of gall infested Colorado spruce also were made.
Candidate Pesticides for Quarantine Use, 1979
Authors: Cawley Bryant M. , Morgan Neal , Staker Kathy , Hayes Dora K. , Fons James , Weinland Bernard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Laboratory reared species were caged and exposed to pesticide formulations in transport trailers (ca 71 m3 volume) in Miami, Florida. Twenty five adult tobacco budworms were caged in 3.8 I paper cans. One hundred each adult house and face flies, and mosquitoes, and 50 adult and nymphal German cockroaches were caged in 0.24 I paper cans. Twenty five adult brown dog ticks were caged in 29.6 ml cups. All cages were covered on the upper surface with 6x7 mesh/cm^ nylon net; cups containing ticks were covered with a double layer. Test insects were placed on the vans floor close to the sides. Dusts were formulated with HiSil 233 as the inert carrier and introduced into trailers with a CO2 "gun". EC's and ULV formulations were applied neat with a battery-powered spinning disk device from Micron West, Inc., 8582 Katy Freeway, Houston, TX 77024. Aerosols were formulated with Freon 12 propellant. Cosolvenr, ethanol (10% w/w), was added to the FMC-35171 aerosol formulation. Aerosols were released inside closed trailers, both the premeasured total release, and the manual release were applied while the applicator walked the length of the trailer. Manual release aerosols were sprayed for the required length of time based on release rate, and an accurate dose was obtained by weighing and releasing additional material as necessary. Dusts and sprays were administered through an open rear door. Exposure lasted for 10 min with doors closed and an additional 20 min with one door open. Mortality (dead + moribund) counts were made at 24 hr. Average temp at treatment was 24°C. Tests were replicated at least twice, and Abbott's formula was used to adjust for control mortality as necessary. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.
Effectiveness of Insecticides Applied To Concrete for Argentine Ant Control, 1979
Authors: Wagner Robert E. , Strawn Ann J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Residues of 10 insecticides were prepared, tested fresh and after I mo and 6 mo of aging against field collected argentine ant workers in replicated tests. Each chemical was replicated 5 times on one 30.5 cm square concrete stepping stone. Each replicate comprised the area surrounded by a 9 cm diam transparent plexiglas ring ca 2.5 cm tall sealed to the concrete surface with paraffin. The side walls of the plexiglas rings were coated with teflon emulsion to prevent the ants from escaping and humidity was provided by a moistened 5 cm length of dental wick taped to Petri dish lids which were used to cover the plexiglas rings. A replicate series of each toxicant was prepared by pipetting 0.5 ml of 1% or 0.5% water diluted insecticide onto the area within each plexiglas ring and allowing the residues to air-dry for I da. The resulting residues were at the rate of ca 800 mg/m2 for 1% and ca 400 mg/m2 for 0.5% applications. Ants were collected from foraging trails just prior to each test and were continuously exposed in groups of 10-20 workers/replicate until KD-90 minutes was reached. If mortality occurred in control dishes before KD-90s were reached on residues, mortality for each replicate was corrected with Abbott's formula.
Cattle, Ear Tags and High Pressure Sprays for Face And Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle, 1979
Authors: Hall R. D. , English L. M. , Doisy K. E. , Halloway K. R. , Jones F. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Herds of cattle ranging from 15 to 80 head were tested in 2 locations in Missouri during 1979. In Boone Co., 2 herds were treated by placing a single 8.0% wt/wt Ectrin (fenvalerate) plastic ear tag per head on June 7 and 11, respectively. A herd of 70 was treated on June 6 at the rate of 2 tags/head with Shoo-Fly wick-type ear devices containing 1.0% dichlorvos in heavy gear oil. Additional herds were sprayed to run-off with the following materials on dates indicated using a power sprayer delivering 150 Ib/sq in (1034 kPa): 0.06% Co-Ral WP (June 16, July 14, and August 31), 0.5% Rabon WP (June 20, July 10, August 11, and September 17), 0.5% Ravap EC (May 31, June 12, July 10, August 11, and September 17), and 0.5% toxaphene EC (2 herds: the 1st on dates identical with the Ravap treatments, and the 2nd on June 20, July 10, August 17, and September 18). Untreated control herds were maintained in 2 locations; however, the 1st of these was treated with Insecticide during mid-season. Similar tests were conducted in Linn Co., where separate herds were treated with 1 or 2 Ectrin tags/head on May 4. On June 21, an additional herd was treated at the rate of 2 tags/head with Shoo-Fly devices containing 1.25% Revap in heavy gear oil. Topical sprays were applied In a manner identical to that used in Boone Co. One herd was treated with 0.5% toxaphene on June 1, June 14, and July 3; 2 herds were sprayed with 0.5% Ravap on these dates. A similar, untreated control herd was maintained in a proximate location. In all cases assessment of treatment efficacy was made on a weekly basis via Inspection of 10 head selected at random from each herd. Face flies were counted on the entire face, and horn flies on a single side of each animal examined. Data thus obtained was converted to logjQ (n+1) prior to analysis; however, true averages are reported.