bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronization clusters located on epileptic onset zones in neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Sun Yanping , Song Yuqiang , Ren Hongjin , Zhu Haifang , Wang Yanning , Li Xiaoli , Yan Wenjing , Wang Yuping 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Brain function is thought to rely on complex interactions of dynamic neural systems, which depend on the integrity of structural and functional networks. Focal epilepsy is considered to result from excessive focal synchronization in the network. Synchronization analysis of multichannel electrocorticography (ECoG) contributes to the understanding of and orientation of epilepsy. The aim of this study was to explore the synchronization in multichannel ECoG recordings from patients with neocortical epilepsy and characterize neural activity inside and outside the onset zone.

Methods
Four patients with neocortical epilepsy, who became seizure-free for more than 1 year after surgery guided by ECoG monitoring, were included in this study. ECoG data recorded during pre-surgical evaluation were analyzed. Synchronizations in phase and amplitude of different frequency bands between ECoG channels was analyzed using MATLAB. We generated 100 surrogate data from the original ECoG data using Amplitude Adjusted Fourier Transform to calculate the enhanced synchronization. The relationship between synchronization characteristics and seizure onset zone was analyzed.

Results
We found synchronization clusters in the 14–30 Hz and 30–80 Hz bands around the onset areas during both interictal and the beginning of ictal periods in all four patients.

Conclusions
The enhanced-synchronization clusters play a central role in epilepsy, and may activate the onset areas and contribute to the spreading of epileptiform activity.
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a patient with recurrent unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone—a brief report
Authors: Pattanaik Jhansi , Goel Varshu , Sehrawat Priyanka , Rathore Ruchi , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Garg Ajay , Biswas Ahitagni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The reported incidence of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is 3–8% in patients with solid tumours. More commonly, it has been described in the setting of advanced cancers of the lung, breast and malignant melanoma.

Case presentation
A 50-year-old diabetic patient with recurrent unresectable squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the right retromolar trigone (rT4bN0M0) presented with severe low backache and weakness in bilateral lower limbs 20 days after the completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the spine showed multiple nodular enhancing leptomeningeal lesions at the lumbar level and an intramedullary T2/FLAIR-hyperintense longitudinal lesion involving the central cord from C2 to C7 vertebral levels, suggestive of leptomeningeal metastases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed pleocytosis, elevated protein and markedly decreased glucose. The CSF cytology revealed scattered large atypical cells, suspicious for metastasis. Non-contrast MRI of the brain showed a T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesion involving the right caudate nucleus suggestive of either an acute infarct with haemorrhagic transformation or a haemorrhagic brain metastasis. During assessment, he had high-grade fever and was started on empirical intravenous antibiotics (ceftriaxone, vancomycin and subsequently meropenem) in line with the management for acute bacterial meningitis. Gram staining of CSF did not demonstrate the presence of any bacteria and the specimen was sterile on culture. He did not respond to empirical antibiotics, had a progressive downhill course and eventually died due to aspiration pneumonia.

Conclusion
This brief report highlights the importance of awareness of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis as a possible cause of backache with sensorimotor deficit and autonomic dysfunction in a previously treated case of head and neck SCC.
Treating Smoking in Cancer Patients: An Essential Component of Cancer Care—The New National Cancer Institute Tobacco Control Monograph
Authors: Lowy Douglas R. , Fiore Michael C. , Willis Gordon , Mangold Kristen N. , Bloch Michele H. , Baker Timothy B. 
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE: Continued smoking after the diagnosis of cancer can markedly worsen oncology treatment side effects, cancer outcomes, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality. Conversely, mounting evidence demonstrates that smoking cessation by patients with cancer improves outcomes. A cancer diagnosis often serves as a teachable moment, characterized by high motivation to quit. However, too few patients with cancer who smoke are offered evidence-based smoking cessation treatment, and too few engage in such treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The National Cancer Institute commissioned Tobacco Control Monograph 23, Treating Smoking in Cancer Patients: An Essential Component of Cancer Care, to review and synthesize the evidence that clarifies the need to intervene with smoking in cancer care. RESULTS: Although many patients with newly diagnosed cancer who smoke make quit attempts, many of these are unsuccessful, and among those who successfully quit, relapse is common. Indeed, an estimated 12.2% of adults ever diagnosed with cancer reported they currently smoked (National Health Interview Survey, 2020). Patients with cancer who smoke are likely to benefit from smoking cessation treatments, including counseling and US Food and Drug Administration–approved medications, and there are many effective strategies to increase delivery of smoking cessation treatment in cancer care settings. CONCLUSION: Smoking cessation is among the most effective treatment options for improving the likelihood of survival, quality of life, and overall health of patients with cancer who smoke. It is important for cancer care clinicians and patients to realize that it is never too late to quit smoking and that there are clear benefits to doing so, regardless of cancer type.
A 12-lead ECG correlation network model exploring the inter-lead relationships
Authors: Zhang Chuanzhe , Li Jiahao , Pang Shaopeng , Xu Fangzhou , Zhou Shuwang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used for automatic diagnosis of arrhythmia based on deep neural networks (DNN). In this paper, we use the 12-lead ECG dataset provided by the China Physiological Signal Challenge 2018 (CPSC2018), which contains 6877 samples and each sample contains 12-lead ECG records and corresponding reference labels. First, by statistical analysis of the results of 90 DNN models with F
1 > 0.6 published by CPSC2018, we found that almost all DNN models had high accuracy in identifying the left bundle branch block (LBBB) even when the number of training samples for LBBB is severely insufficient. Second, through ablation studies, we found that the absence of the 7th lead V1 severely affected the diagnostic accuracy of many DNN models, where ablation studies were used to quantify the effect of the disappearance of a single lead on the F
1 of the DNN model. We aim to explain the above two special phenomena using complex network theory. A 12-lead ECG correlation network based on the inter-lead Pearson correlation coefficient is proposed, which allows us to observe the correlation between a single lead and others, and quantify the correlation strength of each lead through a projection process. We used the covariance method to quantify the consistency of the change trend for the average correlation strength of 12 leads between any two categories, and found that the mean values of the covariance for LBBB under the positive and negative 12-lead ECG correlation network were 0.01 and 0.07, respectively, much smaller than other categories. This uniqueness may explain from the perspective of complex networks why LBBB can be diagnosed accurately by almost all DNN models when its number of samples used for training is severely insufficient. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between the lead V1 and other leads was close to 0. This low correlation may make the information of the lead V1 significantly different from other leads, resulting in its important role in the automatic diagnosis of arrhythmia.
The neutrino pair annihilation

around a massive source with an f(R) global monopole
Authors: Shi Yuxuan , Cheng Hongbo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work we investigate the neutrino pair annihilation around a gravitational object involving an f(R) global monopole. We derive and calculate the ratio

meaning that the energy deposition per unit time is over that in the Newtonian case. It is found that the greater influence from f(R) theory leads more energy to set free from the annihilation with greater ratio value. It is important that the existence of global monopole makes a sharp increase in the ratio

, causing heavier gamma-ray burst. We also discuss the derivative

as a function of radius r of the star to show the similar features, that is the considerable modification of Einstein's gravity and the global monopole with unified theory order will raise the amount of

more greatly. The stellar body with f(R) global monopole can be well qualified as a source of gamma-ray bursts. Moreover, we can select the factor

to be comparable with the accelerating universe while regulating the parameter η for the global monopole in order to make the ratio curves coincide with the results from astronomy. It is possible to probe the monopole from astrophysical observations.
Sticky, stickier and stickiest – a comparison of adhesive performance in clingfish, lumpsuckers and snailfish
Authors: Huie Jonathan M. , Wainwright Dylan K. , Summers Adam P. , Cohen Karly E. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe coastal waters of the North Pacific are home to the northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus), Pacific spiny lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus orbis) and marbled snailfish (Liparis dennyi) – three fishes that have evolved ventral adhesive discs. Clingfish adhesive performance has been studied extensively, but relatively little is known about the performance of other sticky fishes. Here, we compared the peak adhesive forces and work to detachment of clingfish, lumpsuckers and snailfish on surfaces of varying roughness and over ontogeny. We also investigated the morphology of their adhesive discs through micro-computed tomography scanning and scanning electron microscopy. We found evidence that adhesive performance is tied to the intensity and variability of flow regimes in the fishes' habitats. The northern clingfish generates the highest adhesive forces and lives in the rocky intertidal zone where it must resist exposure to crashing waves. Lumpsuckers and snailfish both generate only a fraction of the clingfish's adhesive force, but live more subtidal where currents are slower and less variable. However, lumpsuckers generate more adhesive force relative to their body weight than snailfish, which we attribute to their higher-drag body shape and frequent bouts into the intertidal zone. Even so, the performance and morphology data suggest that snailfish adhesive discs are stiffer and built more efficiently than lumpsucker discs. Future studies should focus on sampling additional diversity and designing more ecologically relevant experiments when investigating differences in adhesive performance.
Yoga Impacts Cognitive Health: Neurophysiological Changes and Stress-regulation Mechanisms
Authors: Voss Stephanie , Cerna Jonathan , Gothe Neha P. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTYoga, a physical and contemplative practice, offers the practitioner a unique mind-body exercise experience demonstrating preliminary efficacy in improving cognitive health. We examine the evidence for underlying mechanisms that explain the yoga-cognition relationship in healthy older adults. The cognitive benefits of yoga may be the result of improved stress regulation and neurocognitive resource efficiency that facilitate bi-directional brain-body communication.
An Unusual Case of Arm Pain in a Young Soccer Player: Herpes Zoster in the Pediatric Athlete
Authors: MacDonald James , Mosser-Goldfarb Joy , Souverbielle Cristina Tomatis , Cuff Steven 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Herpes zoster (HZ), shingles, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). HZ develops as a reactivation of latent VZV and is characterized by a painful, vesicular rash typically manifesting in a dermatomal distribution on the arms, trunk or face. HZ occurs in individuals who had primary VZV disease (chickenpox) as a child or in those who have received live, attenuated VZV vaccine. HZ is common in the elderly and the immunocompromised, with age being the single greatest risk factor. The incidence of HZ in children is 74/100,000 person years for the unvaccinated and 38/100,000 person years for the vaccinated. We discuss the case of a 12-year-old soccer player with HZ who presented with right arm pain after a putative traumatic event. Diagnosis was made after two emergency department visits where the condition was not identified. HZ should be considered in the clinician's differential even in immunocompetent, vaccinated children.
Clinical Practice Patterns of Isthmic Spondylolysis in Young Athletes: A Survey of Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine Members
Authors: Hollabaugh William L. , Foley Davelaar Cassidy M. , McHorse Kevin J. , Achar Suraj A. , MacDonald James P. , Riederer Mark F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Isthmic spondylolysis is a common cause of back pain in young athletes. The condition presents to numerous medical providers who employ a variety of different practices in diagnosis and management. The purpose of this study was twofold: to review the literature of diagnosis and management of the young athlete with isthmic spondylolysis and to survey Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) members during the 2021 PRiSM Annual Meeting on practice patterns of diagnosis and management of the young athlete with isthmic spondylolysis. The response rate was 27%. Per respondents: 24% obtain oblique radiographs; 90% use magnetic resonance imaging as the advanced imaging modality; 60% treat with bracing; 57% recommend rest prior to physical therapy (PT); 53% prescribe return to sport activity restrictions. Although there are similarities in the diagnosis of isthmic spondylolysis in young athletes, this survey confirmed variability in management, especially bracing, timing of PT and return to sport activity restrictions.
Estimating the sample size of sham-controlled randomized controlled trials using existing evidence
Authors: Siontis George C.M. , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Sweda Romy , Mavridis Dimitris , Salanti Georgia 
Published: November 2022

Background: In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the power is often ‘reverse engineered’ based on the number of participants that can realistically be achieved. An attractive alternative is planning a new trial conditional on the available evidence; a design of particular interest in RCTs that use a sham control arm (sham-RCTs). Methods: We explore the design of sham-RCTs, the role of sequential meta-analysis and conditional planning in a systematic review of renal sympathetic denervation for patients with arterial hypertension. The main efficacy endpoint was mean change in 24-hour systolic blood pressure. We performed sequential meta-analysis to identify the time point where the null hypothesis would be rejected in a prospective scenario. Evidence-based conditional sample size calculations were performed based on fixed-effect meta-analysis. Results: In total, six sham-RCTs (981 participants) were identified. The first RCT was considerably larger (535 participants) than those subsequently published (median sample size of 80). All trial sample sizes were calculated assuming an unrealistically large intervention effect which resulted in low power when each study is considered as a stand-alone experiment. Sequential meta-analysis provided firm evidence against the null hypothesis with the synthesis of the first four trials (755 patients, cumulative mean difference -2.75 (95%CI -4.93 to -0.58) favoring the active intervention)). Conditional planning resulted in much larger sample sizes compared to those in the original trials, due to overoptimistic expected effects made by the investigators in individual trials, and potentially a time-effect association. Conclusions: Sequential meta-analysis of sham-RCTs can reach conclusive findings earlier and hence avoid exposing patients to sham-related risks. Conditional planning of new sham-RCTs poses important challenges as many surgical/minimally invasive procedures improve over time, the intervention effect is expected to increase in new studies and this violates the underlying assumptions. Unless this is accounted for, conditional planning will not improve the design of sham-RCTs.
Changes in mammography screening in Ontario and Alberta following national guideline dissemination: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Fahim Christine , Wiebe Natasha , Nisenbaum Rosane , Hamid Jemila S. , Ewusie Joycelyne E. , Tonelli Marcello , Brauer Paula , Shaw Elizabeth , Bell Neil , Stacey Dawn , Holmes Nathalie M. , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: November 2022

Background: In November 2011, the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care released guidelines for screening women at average breast cancer risk. Weak recommendations (framed using GRADE methodology) were made for screening women aged 50 to 74 years every two to three years, and for not screening women aged 40 to 49 years. Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using administrative data to examine bilateral mammography use before and after a release of a national breast screening guideline. Women aged 40 to 74 years living in Ontario or Alberta from 30th November 2008 to 30th November 2014 were included. Strata included age, region of residence, neighbourhood income quintile, immigration status, and education level. Results: In both provinces, mammography use rates were lower in the post-intervention period (527 vs. 556 and 428 vs. 465/1000 women in Ontario and Alberta, respectively). In Ontario, mammography trends decreased following guideline release to align with recommendations for women aged 40 to 74 (decrease of 2.21/1000 women, SE 0.26/1000, p<0.0001). In Alberta, mammography trends decreased for women aged 40 to 49 years (3/1000 women, SE 0.32, p<0.001) and 50 to 69 (2.9/1000 women, SE 0.79, p<0.001), but did not change for women aged 70 to 74 (0.7/1000 women, SE 1.23, p=0.553). In both provinces, trends in mammography use rates were sustained for up to three years after guideline release. Conclusions: We observed a decrease in screening for women aged 40-49. Additional research to explore whether shared decision making was used to optimize guideline-concordant screening for women aged 50-74 is needed.
An audit of renal ultrasounds for new referrals to the nephrology outpatients service
Authors: Shahzad Varisha , Redahan Lynn , McDonald Katherine 
Published: November 2022

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2021) guidelines for the assessment and management of chronic kidney disease set out indications for ordering renal ultrasounds. Aim: The aim of this audit was to identify the number of renal ultrasounds ordered for new referrals to a nephrology outpatient service, whether the reason for these ultrasounds met the NICE guidelines, how many ultrasounds were ordered for each indication and whether the outcome of the scan was normal or abnormal. Findings: There were 287 referrals to the nephrology outpatient service, which were reviewed as to whether the ultrasound request met the guidelines. From the 278 new referrals, 139 had a renal ultrasound ordered. Of these, 57 met the criteria for having an ultrasound, while 82 requests did not meet the guidelines. Conclusion: This audit highlights the frequency with which inappropriate ordering occurs, as well as the ongoing need for education amongst clinicians on appropriate indications and the potential cost deficits involved.
Do mothers pick up a phone? A cross-sectional study on delivery of MCH voice messages in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ogawa Kazuya , Kawakatsu Yoshito , Kadoi Nobuhiro , Balogun Olukunmi Omobolanle , Adesina Adefunke Oyeniyi , Iwayemi Veronica Olubunmi , Aiga Hirotsugu 
Published: November 2022

Background
Voice messages have been employed as an effective and efficient approach for increasing health service utilization and health promotion in low- and middle-income countries. However, unlike SMS, voice message services require their users to pick up a phone call at its delivery time. Furthermore, voice messages are difficult for the users to review their contents afterward. While recognizing that voice messages are more friendly to specific groups (eg, illiterate or less literate populations), there should be several challenges in successfully operationalizing its intervention program.

Objective
This study is aimed to estimate the extent to which voice message service users pick up the phone calls of voice messages and complete listening up to or beyond the core part of voice messages.

Methods
A voice message service program composed of 14 episodes on maternal, newborn, and child health was piloted in Lagos, Nigeria, from 2018 to 2019. A voice message call of each of 14 episodes was delivered to the mobile phones of the program participants per day for 14 consecutive days. A total of 513 participants in the voice message service chose one of five locally spoken languages as the language to be used for voice messages. Two multilevel logistic regression models were created to understand participants’ adherence to the voice message: (a) Model 1 for testing whether a voice message call is picked up; and (b) Model 2 for testing whether a voice message call having been picked up is listened to up to the core messaging part.

Results
The greater the voice message episode number became, the smaller proportion of the participants picked up the phone calls of voice message (aOR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; P = .01). Only 854 of 3765 voice message calls having been picked up by the participants (22.7%) were listened to up to their core message parts. It was found that picking up a phone call did not necessarily ensure listening up to the core message part. This indicates a discontinuity between these two actions.

Conclusions
The participants were likely to stop picking up the phone as the episode number of voice messages progressed. In view of the discontinuity between picking up a phone call and listening up to the core message part, we should not assume that those picking up the phone would automatically complete listening to the entire or core voice message.