bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of visual disability, clinical and demographic profile from Unique Disability Identification Details (UDID) card applicants in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO) in South India
Authors: Sadananda Ranjitha C , Menon Aswathi M , Rathod Sujatha , Appaji Anuradha , Hanumantharayappa Harish B 
Published: May 2022

To ascertain the degree and causes of visual disability, clinical and demographic data of UDID card applicants at RIO MOH Karnataka South India.It is a cross-sectional observation study, data collected from the UDID PORTAL where applicants applied between July 2019 to March 2020. Totally 551 applicants details were collected. Degree of visual disability and its causes, demographic details like age, gender, education, marital and employment status, annual income along with that other clinical details were ascertained. Among the 551 applications, 368 were men and 183 were women highlighting a significant gender bias. Almost 2/3 of applications were in the age group 20 to 50. 60% of applicants were married. 95% of applicants were in the blind category while only 4.3% were certified as having low vision. 47% of applicants were BPL Card holders and were dependent on the family member for livelihood. 47% of the applicants had completed basic education (10 std/SSLC). Retinitis pigmentosa was the top cause of blindness. Retinal pathologies constitute the leading cause among them majority had Retinitis pigmentosa. Genetic counseling plays a significant proactive role in the prevention of the disease. Creating awareness among employers to provide adequate protective equipment could help in reducing the disease burden of phthisis bulbi. Government and NGOs should prepare appropriate plans and implement them to rehabilitate individuals with visual disabilities. There is a need to create better awareness about the benefits of UDID CARDS in the community in general and among people with blindness and low vision in particular.
Distance Learning of a Foreign Language: a Comparative Analysis of Modern Platforms and Online Services
Authors: Syno Viktoriya , Turchyn Andrii , Syvyk Oksana , Glotov Oleksandr , Krut Olena , Babii Liudmyla 
Published: May 2022

The article provides an insight into the issues of using modern information and communication technology in distance learning of a foreign language. In many ways, technology has profoundly reshaped English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching and learning in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Modern online platforms and services have become indispensable tools in higher educational establishments, paving the way for developing new effective EFL practices. The way distance learning of a foreign language is implemented can be divided into synchronous and asynchronous.
A thorough analysis of available online platforms and services has proven that such a technologically integrated approach is suitable for materials development in foreign language teaching. Along with demonstrating a high level of interactivity, they are also easy to use and contribute substantially to building strong reading, listening, writing, and speaking skills. Depending on the type of instruction, online resources perform different functions. For example, synchronous learning promotes learner communication by fostering cooperative activities and often expanding the lesson above the curriculum. By contrast, asynchronous learning provides the space to expand the learners’ individual experiences of language.
The Effects of Social Isolation on Adolescents
Authors: Mihăilă Monica-Lusiana 
Published: May 2022

The situation caused by the pandemic imposed drastic changes in social interaction, which changed human relationships, imposed physical barriers to communication and made people very lonely.
The online school and sometimes the total lack of social interaction of children and adolescents left traces in their psycho-emotional state. The need for teenagers to interact came in stark contrast to the lifestyle of the past year. This has led to depressive and anxious states or to the exacerbation of those preceding the pandemic.I noticed much greater requests for advice in this regard and I followed in the dynamics the transformations of the psyche of adolescents, evaluating as deeply as possible their condition and looking for the best methods of improvement.
Formulation, Senso-chemical Analysis and Shelf-life Study of Biscuits using Stevia Leaf as the Substitute for Sugar
Authors: Ali Md. Aslam , Saha Khokan Kumar , Choudhury Md. Selim , Ahiduzzaman Md. , Islam Md. Nahidul 
Published: May 2022

Background: Biscuits are the most popular cereal-based bakery and sugar is an important element of biscuits which provides unique taste, color and texture. However, the consumption of sugar is linked to potential health risks. Therefore, there is a scope to substitute sugar with natural non-caloric sweetener, maintaining all sensory and storage qualities of the biscuits. Methods: The present study was conducted to find an acceptable formulation to manufacture biscuits using stevia leaf. Dried leaf powder and fresh juice were used as a substitute for sugar in biscuit manufacturing. After baking, biscuits were tested for sensory qualities. In addition, biscuits were packaged with different packaging materials and organoleptic changes were assessed. Result: Biscuits made with 18 g stevia powder and 55 ml stevia juice per kg of flour showed the best results comparing all aspects of consumer preferences. The organoleptic and microbiological evaluations of stevia powder biscuit and stevia juice biscuit showed no significant changes and unsafe measures for one month of storage in glass, plastic jar and tin can. Therefore, sugar-free biscuits can be made following either stevia powder biscuit or stevia juice biscuit formulations and stored in either glass, plastic jar, or in tin can to remain safe for human consumption.
​​Improved Herbicide Efficacy through Sole and Sequential Application of Herbicides for Higher Productivity of Urdbean (Vigna mungo) in Indian Semi-arid Tropics
Authors: Dhayal Suman , Yadav S.L. , Meena V.K. , Choudhary Manju , . Priyanka 
Published: May 2022

Background: Weeds are major factor that leads to increase crop-weed competition and adversely effects of on growth, quality and yield of urdbean during kharif season. In urdbean the critical period for crop weed competition was the first 25-30 days; yields can be reduced by 50-90%, if weeds were not controlled during this period. As a result, successful weed management strategies to achieve increased growth and yield. Due to the ease, lower cost, timeliness and success controlling weeds, the progressive transformation of agriculture involving intensive use of herbicides has gained traction in recent years. Methods: During kharif season 2019, a field experiment was undertaken at the Agricultural Research Station of Ummedganj, Kota, comprising ten weed management strategies, laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Result: Two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAS recorded significantly lower weeds dry matter, higher weed control efficacy, ultimately culminating in improved yield attributes and yield, compared to weedy check. This treatment was at par with pendimethalin 30% EC @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1 fb propaquizafop 2.5% w w-1 @ 33.3 g a.i. ha-1 + imazethapyr 3.75% w w-1 (pre mix) ME @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS resulting in significantly higher pods plant-1 (13.67), seeds pod-1 (6.33), test weight (28.47 g), grain (827 kg ha-1), straw (1393 kg ha-1), biological (2221 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.26%) of urdbean over the other chemical based treatment.
Correlation between Age and Defect Size with Increased Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Adult Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Patients at Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Department dr. Seotomo Public Hospital Surabaya 2019-2021
Authors: Puteri Astrid Aulia Artiono , Oktaviono Yudi Her , Prasmono Agung 
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is one of the three most common types of congenital heart disease in the world. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complication that can be found in patients with secundum type of ASD. There is no research that shows the relationship between patient’s age and defect size with increased pulmonary artery pressure in secundum type of ASD patients in Indonesia, so further research needs to be done. Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective study using an observational analytical research design with cross sectionalapproach. The data from this study were taken from the medical records of ASD patients at the Cardiology and Vascular Department of Dr. Soetomo Public Hospital Surabaya. Results: Sex distribution of patients with secundum ASD was dominated by female patients with a total of 53 people (81.5%), the age distribution of patients was dominated by patients in the age group of 20-24 years as many as 18 people (27.7%). The most common comorbidities in adult secundum ASD patients were hypertension (3.08%) and minor CAD (3.08%). The mean diameter of the secundum ASD defect was 28.03±9.57 mm, and the data for the smallest defect diameter was 4 mm and the largest was 48 mm. Complications of increased PA pressure were dominated by 20 patients with mild PH (30.8%) and the mean mPAP pressure was 39.87±19.03. There were no patients with Eisenmenger syndrome.Conclusion: There was no correlation between patient age and inter-atrial septal diameter with mPAP pressure.
Radiochemotherapy-induced DNA repair promotes the biogenesis of gastric cancer stem cells
Authors: Lu Yu , Zhang Xiaobo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Clinically, metastasis and recurrence occurred after routine radio-chemotherapy in dozens of cases of gastric cancer, mainly attributed to the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Actually, radio-chemotherapy could induce DNA damages, leading to activation of DNA repair which might be associated with acquisition of stem cell phenotype. Hitherto, the contribution made by active DNA repair to stemness induction has not been extensively explored.Methods: Cisplatin/doxorubicin treatment and X-ray exposure were conducted in gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer cells derived from solid tumors to model clinical therapy. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, tumorsphere/tumor formation assay were further used to characterize CSCs and assess activation of DNA repair. RNA-seq was performed to identify which DNA repair genes were crucial for CSC traits induction, followed by the investigation of underlying mechanism and functional significance via in vitro and in vivo experiments.Results: Here, we report a mechanism through which gastric cancer cells in response to radio-chemotherapy were reprogrammed into gastric cancer stem cells. In this mechanism, radio-chemotherapy triggers DNA damage response (DDR) accompanied by elevated levels of EID3, a typical DNA repair gene, which interacts with NAMPT to promote stemness via upregulating Wnt signaling pathway; manifested by enhanced tumorsphere/tumor formation in gastric cancer. In addition to involvement of EID3 in stemness acquisition, it also shows impacts on proliferation, cell-cycle, apoptosis and therapy resistance to maintain the characteristics of CSC populations.Conclusion: Our study indicates that gastric cancer cells can be endowed with stemness traits via EID3-NAMPT-Wnt/β-catenin Axis in response to radio-chemotherapy. Blocking this axis (i.e. targeting EID3) along with radio-chemotherapy might represent a potential strategy to sensitize cancer stem cells to radio-chemotherapy and further reinforce the anti-tumor effect of conventional treatments.
Evaluation of embryo production method on the quality of embryos produced by Nguni, Bonsmara, Boran beef cattle breeds.
Authors: Mapeka Mohleko Helen Mohleko , Pilane Cyril Mpho , Molomo Karabo , Banga Cuthberth Baldwin , Ng'ambi Jones Wilfred 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the quality of embryos produced by in vivo and in vitro in Bonsmara, Nguni and Boran cattle. Hormonal treatment was used to produce embryos in vivo while oocytes retrieved by ovum pickup and ovary aspiration were used to produce in vitro embryos. Embryos produced by both methods in all the three breeds where evaluated for morphological structure based on the standards of the International Embryo Transfer Society. Data was analysed by ANOVA. No significant difference where observed among breeds in developmental competency of embryos produced in vivo. Development of blastocysts in vivo was significantly higher at day 8 in Bonsmara and Nguni compared to Boran. No significant difference observed between breeds at all development stages for the in vitro method. There were no significant breed differences in the number of blastocysts and blastocyst quality obtained by either the in vivo or in vitro method. Flushing and Ovum pickup produced a higher number of blastocysts compared to ovary aspiration. The number of Grade I embryos were significantly higher in flushing and OPU compared to ovary aspiration. In conclusion, the study showed that the in vivo method of embryo production is superior to the in vitro method in blastocyst development of Bonsmara, Boran and Nguni breeds.
Oral administration of iron and toltrazuril in combination improves survival rate and growth rate and reduces anaemia in piglets
Authors: Pearodwong Pachara , Tummaruk Padet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Iron is an essential element for blood production, oxygen conveyance and energy generation. The present study was performed to determine the efficacy of an oral administration of iron and toltrazuril in combination on the growth rate, survival rate and the incidence of anaemia in suckling piglets. A total of 406 piglets were randomly allocated to one of three groups: i.) CONTROL (n = 161), the piglets were administered iron dextran 200 mg intramuscularly and toltrazuril (20 mg/kg) orally at 3 days of age; ii.) NEGATIVE (n = 84), the piglets were not treated with iron until 7 days of age, and toltrazuril was given at 5 days of age and iii.) TREATMENT (n = 161), the piglets were fed with an oral suspension of iron and toltrazuril combination at 3 days of age (iron 228 mg and toltrazuril 50 mg). Blood samples were obtained by randomly sampling piglets (n = 218) at 2 (n = 56), 7 (n = 80) and 21 days (n = 82) of age. Haemoglobin, haematocrit and completed blood count were evaluated. On average, the body weight of piglets at 0, 7 and 21 days of age did not differ among groups (P > 0.05). However, ADG values during 0–7 days of age in TREATMENT and NEGATIVE groups were higher than those in the CONTROL group (177.8, 177.7 and 160.3 g/d, respectively, P < 0.05). Piglet mortality during the first 7 days postpartum in the TREATMENT group was lower than in the CONTROL group (0.62 and 3.73%, respectively, P < 0.05). The incidences of severe diarrhoea were 5.0, 2.4 and 0% in groups i), ii) and iii), respectively (P < 0.05). The haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell (RBC) counts of piglets in the CONTROL and TREATMENT groups were higher than those in the NEGATIVE group at 7 days postpartum (P < 0.05). However, at 21 days of age, piglets in the CONTROL group had a higher haemoglobin, haematocrit and RBC count than piglets in the TREATMENT group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, oral administration of iron and toltrazuril in combination is a possible needleless method for the treatment of coccidiosis and the prevention of anaemia in piglets. Interestingly, the growth rate and survival rate of piglets in the needleless piglets were better than CONTROL group.
Status of pig farming and its multi-factorial assessment in the urban districts of Uttarakhand: A case study about its sustainability and ecological implications
Authors: Sahu Khusbu , Gupta Sandeep 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Pig farming has a profound caste-based and cultural association in India. In Uttarakhand, pigs are raised predominantly by the specific community contributing to their livelihood. Unlike other livestock species in the State, the piggery sector is unorganised and the pig farming is not sufficient to meet the increasing demand for pork. The study aims to identify the locations of the household rearing pig and its husbandry practices in the planar (Dehradun, Haridwar and Nainital) districts where rapid urbanisation and continuous migration make us reconsider the necessity of an organise promotion of the piggery sector due to its multiple ecological implications. 28 households were reached by adopting rapid appraisals approach and interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Analysis showed that 60.7%, 10.7% and 21.4% of the household raised pig near seasonal streams (slum settlements), the residential areas within the house premises and near the forest, respectively. Moreover, 28.6% of households maintained breeding boar of feral origin and 96.94% followed a semi-intensive pig rearing system; hence human settlement is staying in close proximity with pigs (domestic and wild) and other domestic animals. The possibility of the emergence of zoonotic and non-zoonotic disease and its easy transmission to humans become more prominent in the urban setting. Before planning for a holistic piggery development program in Uttarakhand, the government may consider these findings. Lastly, the location of the pig herd and its foraging areas requires to be strictly monitored for public health benefits.
Subgroup identification using virtual twins for human microbiome studies
Authors: Koh Hyunwook 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Even when the same treatment is employed, some patients are cured, while others are not. The patients that are cured may have beneficial microbes in their body that can boost treatment effects, but it is vice versa for the patients that are not cured. That is, treatment effects can vary depending on the patient's microbiome. If the effects of candidate treatments are well-predicted based on the patient’s microbiome, we can select a treatment that is suited to the patient’s microbiome or can alter the patient’s microbiome to improve treatment effects. Methods: Here, I introduce a streamlined analytic method, named microbiome virtual twins (MiVT), to evaluate the interplay between microbiome and treatment. MiVT is based on the subgroup identification framework, called virtual twins, that involves a two-step algorithm, 1) treatment effect prediction through machine learning and 2) subgroup identification using a decision tree. MiVT, however, employs a new prediction method, named distance-based machine learning (dML), to improve prediction accuracy in microbiome studies and a new significance test, named bootstrap-based test for regression tree (BoRT), to test if each subgroup's treatment effect is the same with the overall treatment effect. Results: I demonstrate in silico that dML robustly reaches a high prediction accuracy and BoRT is a valid significance test with correctly controlled type I error rates. I also demonstrate the use of MiVT in praxis through the gut microbiome study on the effects of cancer immunotherapies on melanoma patients. Conclusions: The results from MiVT can serve as a useful guideline in microbiome-based personalized medicine to select the therapy that is most suited to the patient’s microbiome or to use dietary supplements or therapeutics to tune the patient’s microbiome to be suited to the treatment. MiVT can be implemented using an R package, MiVT, freely available at https://github.com/hk1785/MiVT.
Photogrammetry Versus Cephalometric Analysis in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Authors: Parveen Miliya , Muralidhar Nitin V , Kiran Jyothi , N Raghunath 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Cephalometric analysis constitutes the benchmark for diagnosing craniofacial morphology but the increasing demand for aesthetic standards rising concerns about radiation has clinicians looking for an easily reproducible, economical and low technique sensitive alternative. The study was undertaken to assess the relationship between lateral cephalograms and photographic measurements to determine whether photographs can be a substitute for conventional cephalograms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized profile photographs and lateral cephalograms were obtained from 100 patients of the age group between 12 – 28 years who had reported to the department for orthodontic treatment. Traditional cephalometric (angular and linear) measurements and corresponding photographic measurements used for sagittal and vertical assessment were correlated to draw inference.RESULTS: The reliability of the photographic technique was proven with Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) above 0.79. Highly significant correlation (P < .001) was found between all parameters. N-Sn-Pog/N’-Sn-Pog’ (0.946), SN-MP/TrN’-MP” (0.844) and FMA/FMA’ showed the highest coefficients of correlation. The photographic variable that best explained the variability of its analogous cephalometric measurement was N-SN-Pog angle (r2 = 0.895). CONCLUSION: The photographic method has proven to be a repeatable and reproducible. With a homogenous protocol, the photographic method is a practical alternative to lateral cephalograms especially in cases that require a non-invasive, low-cost option.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This research provides a non radiographic alternative to lateral cephalometry which is more economical, easy to set up and equally accurate in producing the desired results.
Influence of the magnetic field on the melting and solidification behavior of narrow-gap laser welding with filler wire
Authors: Fu Juan , Zhao Yong , Zou Jiasheng , Liu Xin , Pan Yanfei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The influence of magnetic induction intensity on the plasma electron temperature distribution and the molten pool flow behavior is analyzed by high-speed imaging and spectral analysis. With the increase of the magnetic induction intensity, the plasma high temperature center region increases gradually, and the plasma electron temperature increases from the bottom of the groove to the edge of the groove. The magnetic field has stirring effect on the molten pool. A certain magnetic field intensity can make the molten pool more uniform and the molten pool flow more stable. Compared with the penetration depth and penetration area size of the weld with or without magnetic field, it is found that the penetration depth and penetration area of the weld under the magnetic field increases. A certain range of magnetic induction intensity can be coupled with other process parameters to achieve an ideal effect, and the weld is well formed.