bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratendinous pressure changes in the Achilles tendon during stretching and eccentric loading: Implications for Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Pringels Lauren , Vanden Bossche Luc , Wezenbeek Evi , Burssens Arne , Vermue Hannes , Victor Jan , Chevalier Amelie 
Published: December 2022

Mechanical overload is considered the main cause of Achilles tendinopathy. In addition to tensile loads, it is believed that the Achilles tendon may also be exposed to compressive loads. However, data on intratendinous pressures are lacking, and consequently, their role in the pathophysiology of tendinopathy is still under debate. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the intratendinous pressure changes in the Achilles tendon during stretching and eccentric loading. Twelve pairs of human cadaveric legs were mounted in a testing rig, and a miniature pressure catheter was placed through ultrasound‐guided insertion in four different regions of the Achilles tendon: the insertion (superficial and deep layers), mid‐portion, and proximal portion. Intratendinous pressure was measured during three simulated loading conditions: a bent‐knee calf stretch, a straight‐knee calf stretch, and an eccentric heel‐drop. It was found that the intratendinous pressure increased exponentially in both the insertion and mid‐portion regions of the Achilles tendon during each loading condition (p < 0.001). The highest pressures were consistently found in the deep insertion region (p < 0.001) and during the eccentric heel‐drop (p < 0.001). Pressures in the mid‐portion were also significantly higher than in the proximal portion (p < 0.001). These observations offer novel insights and support a role for compression in the pathophysiology of Achilles tendinopathy by demonstrating high intratendinous pressures at regions where Achilles tendinopathy typically occurs. To what extent managing intratendinous pressure might be successful in patients with Achilles tendinopathy by, for example, avoiding excessive stretching, modifying exercise therapy, and offering heel lifts requires further investigation.
Rhizopus homothallicusrhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis: Six cases from a tertiary care Centre, North India
Authors: Gupta Munesh Kumar , Selvaraj Siva , Tilak Ragini , Kumar Nilesh , Kumar Rajesh , Chakravarty Jaya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report six cases ofRhizopus homothallicusrhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis in North India between April 2021 and July 2021.Case DetailsAll six patients had diabetes, concomitant SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, a history of oxygen requirement and steroid intake. Among these six cases 4 were female. All patients presented with sinus pain and peri‐orbital swelling. COVID‐19‐associated mucormycosis (CAM) was diagnosed based on microbiological examination of the biopsied tissue, and its staging was determined radiologically by CT and MRI. Three patients were in stage III‐C, the others were in stage II‐C, II‐D and IV‐A. A multidisciplinary team treated the patients with extensive surgical debridement of the affected tissue, correction of predisposing comorbidities and administration of an antifungal agents. Patients were followed up for 6 months with routine direct nasal endoscopy to check the sinonasal cavity for any recurrence. All the six patients survived at 6 months of follow‐up.ConclusionA timely initiated multidisciplinary team‐based approach can reduce the mortality in rhino‐orbital‐cerebral mucormycosis cases caused byR. homothallicus.
KEL1 negative red cell transfusions for females of current or future child‐bearing potential: A clinical impact and feasibility study
Authors: Ning Shuoyan , Morin Pierre‐Aurele , Elahie Allahna , Li Na , Liu Yang , Barty Rebecca , Clarke Gwen , Zeller Michelle , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐K is an alloantibody stimulated in response to the KEL1 antigen and may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Provision of KEL1 negative blood to females of child‐bearing potential was not our practice. We assessed the impact of our policy and assessed feasibility of a KEL1 negative transfusion policy.Study design and methodsThis is a cohort study spanning Jan 1, 2007–Jun 30, 2017 in Hamilton, Canada. Data were obtained via our institution's transfusion database. Chart reviews of females age ≤45 with anti‐K were performed; data on RBC KEL1 phenotype were obtained from the blood supplier when needed to ascertain the cause of alloimmunization. Descriptive analysis of hospital KEL1 negative inventory demand and supply was performed.ResultsFrom Jan 2007‐Jun 2017, 8.6% of all RBC units transfused were provided to females age ≤45. There were 111 females with detectable anti‐K. Median age at time of antibody detection was 34 years (interquartile range 27–40) and 28 of 111 (25.2%) patients may have been alloimmunized by transfusion. Of 49 pregnancies, seven had complications due to anti‐K. We estimated that our existing RBC inventory (with 16% units known to be KEL1 negative in 2017) is sufficient to meet demand and support a KEL1 negative transfusion policy for females age ≤45.ConclusionTransfusion was responsible for alloimmunization in 25% of females with anti‐K over 10 years. Analysis of supply and demand can be used to inform feasibility of a KEL1 negative transfusion policy.
Durability in Professional Cyclists: A Field Study
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L. , Alejo Lidia B. , Ozcoidi Laureano M. , Lucia Alejandro , Santalla Alfredo , Barranco-Gil David 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To assess durability in professional cyclists, as well as potential associated indicators. Methods: Twelve male professional cyclists participated in the study (age: 26 [5] y, VO2max: 83.0 [3.6] mL·kg−1·min−1). They performed a 20-minute time trial (TT) on 2 different sessions separated by a 48-hour period: (1) with no previous fatigue (TTFresh) and (2) immediately after a long submaximal ride (approximately 4 h, 40 kJ/kg) (TTFatigue). We then assessed the decay (in percentage) in mean power output (PO) from TTFresh to TTFatigue and its association with different laboratory-based endurance indicators (ventilatory threshold, peak PO, and VO2max) determined through a previous maximal incremental cycling test, as well as with training loads during the 4 weeks preceding the TTs. Results: While no differences were noted in the average heart rate (177 [7] vs 176 [6] beats·min–1, P = .118), there was a significant decay in PO between TTFresh and TTFatigue (386 [29] W vs 375 [28] W [−2.9%], respectively; P = .007), albeit with signs of interindividual variability (range = −8.5% to 1.1%; coefficient of variation = 105%). No significant associations were found between the PO decay and any of the analyzed indicators (all P > .05). Conclusions: Performance is significantly impaired after a certain amount of work completed (approximately 40 kJ·kg–1) in professional cyclists, and the magnitude of this impairment seems to be not related to “traditional” laboratory-based endurance indicators or to markers of training load. These findings might support the need for specifically assessing durability in cyclists and confirming potential determinants of this parameter.
Human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer risk
Authors: Rahangdale Lisa , Mungo Chemtai , O’Connor Siobhan , Chibwesha Carla J , Brewer Noel T 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Persistent human papillomavirus infection is the central cause of cervical cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Clear evidence from both randomized trials and population based studies shows that vaccination against human papillomavirus reduces the incidence of cervical pre-cancer. These data suggest that the vaccine reduces the incidence of cervical cancer. However, human papillomavirus vaccine coverage is inadequate in all countries, especially in low and middle income countries where disease burden is highest. Supply side strategies to improve coverage include increasing the availability of low cost vaccines, school located delivery, single dose vaccine schedules, and development of vaccines that do not need refrigeration. Demand side strategies include enhancing provider recommendations, correcting misinformation, and public awareness campaigns. The near elimination of cervical cancer is achievable through increased uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination and efforts to increase screening for cervical cancer, especially when enacted to reduce disparities in across the world.
Implementation of an ISO15189 accredited next-generation sequencing service with the fully automated Ion Torrent Genexus: the experience of a clinical diagnostic laboratory
Authors: Werner Réiltín , Connolly Amy , Bennett Michael , Hand Collette K , Burke Louise 
Published: December 2022

AimsNext-generation sequencing (NGS) is integral to the delivery of personalised medicine for targeted cancer therapy. Average turnaround times (TAT) from reference laboratories with advanced expertise in sequencing are typically 2–3 weeks. Prolonged TAT for biomarker analysis can adversely affect patient outcomes. The project aim was to establish an accredited NGS service integrated within a routine clinical diagnostic laboratory, in a designated tertiary cancer centre with no previous experience in NGS or bioinformatics.MethodsPlatform selected was the novel Ion Torrent Genexus Sequencer with automated onboard library preparation, templating, sequencing and data analysis, with subsequent reporting using Oncomine Reporter software.Entire workflow validation was performed with a targeted panel, the Oncomine Precision Assay, on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded clinical tumour samples. Oncomine Reporter software was used to report on variants including mutations, copy number variations and fusions across 50 key genes.Samples included surgical resections, biopsies, cytology and commercial reference material. Assessment of criteria included analytical sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection, accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility, with the establishment of performance metrics and quality parameters.ResultsHigh sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility were achieved. DNA/RNA input requirements optimised to >10 ng, and sequencing performance established with a limit of detection of 5% when depth of coverage of 2500X was reached. This NGS service attained ISO15189 accreditation with no non-conformances and >56% reduction in TAT.ConclusionSuccessful implementation, clinical validation and accreditation of a novel NGS technology was achieved in this institution, with a significantly improved TAT of results to oncologists
Epigenetic modulation of neuroblastoma enhances T cell and NK cell immunogenicity by inducing a tumor-cell lineage switch
Authors: Cornel Annelisa M , Dunnebach Ester , Hofman Damon A , Das Sanjukta , Sengupta Satyaki , van den Ham Femke , Wienke Judith , Strijker Josephine G M , van den Beemt Denise A M H , Essing Anke H W , Koopmans Bianca , Engels Sem A G , Lo Presti Vania , Szanto Celina S , George Rani E , Molenaar Jan J , van Heesch Sebastiaan , Dierselhuis Miranda P , Nierkens S 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundImmunotherapy in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL) does not live up to its full potential due to inadequate (adaptive) immune engagement caused by the extensive immunomodulatory capacity of HR-NBL. We aimed to tackle one of the most notable immunomodulatory processes in neuroblastoma (NBL), absence of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) surface expression, a process greatly limiting cytotoxic T cell engagement. We and others have previously shown that MHC-I expression can be induced by cytokine-driven immune modulation. Here, we aimed to identify tolerable pharmacological repurposing strategies to upregulate MHC-I expression and therewith enhance T cell immunogenicity in NBL.MethodsDrug repurposing libraries were screened to identify compounds enhancing MHC-I surface expression in NBL cells using high-throughput flow cytometry analyses optimized for adherent cells. The effect of positive hits was confirmed in a panel of NBL cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Compound-treated NBL cell lines and organoids were cocultured with preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME)-reactive tumor-specific T cells and healthy-donor natural killer (NK) cells to determine the in vitro effect on T cell and NK cell cytotoxicity. Additional immunomodulatory effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) were identified by transcriptome and translatome analysis of treated organoids.ResultsDrug library screening revealed MHC-I upregulation by inhibitor of apoptosis inhibitor (IAPi)- and HDACi drug classes. The effect of IAPi was limited due to repression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway activity in NBL, while the MHC-I-modulating effect of HDACi was widely translatable to a panel of NBL cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Pretreatment of NBL cells with the HDACi entinostat enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of tumor-specific T cells against NBL in vitro, which coincided with increased expression of additional players regulating T cell cytotoxicity (eg, TAP1/2 and immunoproteasome subunits). Moreover, MICA and MICB, important in NK cell cytotoxicity, were also increased by entinostat exposure. Intriguingly, this increase in immunogenicity was accompanied by a shift toward a more mesenchymal NBL cell lineage.ConclusionsThis study indicates the potential of combining (immuno)therapy with HDACi to enhance both T cell-driven and NKcell-driven immune responses in patients with HR-NBL.
Longitudinal characterisation of B and T-cell immune responses after the booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA-vaccine in people with multiple sclerosis using different disease-modifying therapies
Authors: Aiello Alessandra , Coppola Andrea , Ruggieri Serena , Farroni Chiara , Altera Anna Maria Gerarda , Salmi Andrea , Vanini Valentina , Cuzzi Gilda , Petrone Linda , Meschi Silvia , Lapa Daniele , Bettini Aurora , Haggiag Shalom , Prosperini Luca , Galgani Simonetta , Quartuccio Maria Esmeralda , Bevilacqua Nazario , Garbuglia Anna Rosa , Agrati Chiara , Puro Vincenzo , Tortorella Carla , Gasperini Claudio , Nicastri Emanuele , Goletti Delia 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe decline of humoral response to COVID-19 vaccine led to authorise a booster dose. Here, we characterised the kinetics of B-cell and T-cell immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) after the booster dose.MethodsWe enrolled 22 PwMS and 40 healthcare workers (HCWs) after 4–6 weeks from the booster dose (T3). Thirty HCWs and 19 PwMS were also recruited 6 months (T2) after the first dose. Antibody response was measured by anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-IgG detection, cell-mediated response by an interferon (IFN)-γ release assay (IGRA), Th1 cytokines and T-cell memory profile by flow cytometry.ResultsBooster dose increased anti-RBD-IgG titers in fingolimod-treated, cladribine-treated and IFN-β-treated patients, but not in ocrelizumab-treated patients, although antibody titres were lower than HCWs. A higher number of fingolimod-treated patients seroconverted at T3. Differently, T-cell response evaluated by IGRA remained stable in PwMS independently of therapy. Spike-specific Th1-cytokine response was mainly CD4+T-cell-mediated, and in PwMS was significantly reduced (p<0.0001) with impaired IL-2 production compared with HCWs at T3. In PwMS, total Th1 and IFN-γ CD4+T-cell responders to spike protein were increased from T2 to T3.Compared with HCWs, PwMS presented a higher frequency of CD4+and CD8+terminally differentiated effector memory cells and of CD4+effector memory (TEM) cells, independently of the stimulus suggesting the association of this phenotype with MS status. CD4+and CD8+TEMcell frequency was further increased at T3 compared with T2.ConclusionsCOVID-19 vaccine booster strengthens humoral and Th1-cell responses and increases TEMcells in PwMS.
The effect of a multi-carbohydrase enzyme and yeast-derived product on intestinal microbiome structure, activity, and gut function of turkeys
Authors: Rogiewicz Anna , Józefiak Agata , Mikulski Dariusz , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Zduńczyk Zenon , Jankowski Jan , Józefiak Damian , Patterson Rob , Slominski Bogdan A. 
Published: December 2022

The effect of a multi-carbohydrase (E) and its combination with an enzymatically modified yeast cell wall (Y) on the ileal and cecal microbiota and on gut function of turkeys was studied. The experimental diets, including the control (C), C + E, and C + E + Y, were fed to seven replicate pens of four birds from 22 to 56 days of age. The addition of E + Y resulted in a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and a significant increase of Actinobacteria in ileal digesta. A significant decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes was not followed by the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, one of the butyrate-producing bacteria. This coincided with a significantly increased concentration of butyrate in the ileal digesta and the proportion of butyrate within the total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). As opposed to the ileum, the addition of E or E + Y did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes in ceca. The higher content of SCFA in the cecal digesta than in the ileum would reflect differences in microbial activities in both compartments, and possible increased SCFA absorption from the ileum. Overall, the positive effects of enzyme and yeast bioactive supplements on bacterial communities appeared to be more pronounced in the small intestine.
Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Canada
Authors: Hrudey Steve E. , Bischel Heather N. , Charrois Jeff , Chik Alex H. S. , Conant Bernadette , Delatolla Rob , Dorner Sarah , Graber Tyson E. , Hubert Casey , Isaac-Renton Judy , Pons Wendy , Safford Hannah , Servos Mark , Sikora Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 RNA is a relatively recent adaptation of long-standing wastewater surveillance for infectious and other harmful agents. Individuals infected with COVID-19 were found to shed SARS-CoV-2 in their faeces. Researchers around the world confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments could be detected and quantified in community wastewater. Canadian academic researchers, largely as volunteer initiatives, reported proof-of-concept by April 2020. National collaboration was initially facilitated by the Canadian Water Network. Many public health officials were initially skeptical about actionable information being provided by wastewater surveillance even though experience has shown that public health surveillance for a pandemic has no single, perfect approach. Rather, different approaches provide different insights, each with its own strengths and limitations. Public health science must triangulate among different forms of evidence to maximize understanding of what is happening or may be expected. Well-conceived, resourced, and implemented wastewater-based platforms can provide a cost-effective approach to support other conventional lines of evidence. Sustaining wastewater monitoring platforms for future surveillance of other disease targets and health states is a challenge. Canada can benefit from taking lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic to develop forward-looking interpretive frameworks and capacity to implement, adapt, and expand such public health surveillance capabilities.
Closed timelike curves and energy conditions in regular spacetimes
Authors: Gutti Sashideep , Kulkarni Shailesh , Prasad Vaishak 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore the relationship between the existence of closed timelike curves and energy conditions that occur in the Kerr–Newman spacetime. To quantify the dependence, we define a correlation index between energy conditions and closed timelike curves. We investigate the validity of Hawking’s chronology protection conjecture for the closed time like curves that occur in the noncommutative version of the Kerr–Newman spacetime that has the right ingredients to examine the conjecture . We report the results outlining the possible role played by violations of energy conditions in eliminating the closed timelike curves.
Recurrence analysis of phase distribution changes during boiling flow in parallel minichannels
Authors: Rafałko Gabriela , Grzybowski Hubert , Dzienis Paweł , Zaborowska Iwona , Mosdorf Romuald , Litak Grzegorz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the paper, flow boiling in three parallel minichannels with a common inlet and outlet area was examined. The synchronization between flow distributions in minichannels was analyzed in local area (image analysis) and as the process of the synchronization between inlet and outlet pressure fluctuations. These processes were studied using cross recurrence plot. The analysis of pixel brightness changes inside minichannels has been applied to identify the similarity of flow patterns changes inside minichannels. The results have revealed that the processes of synchronization have a negative impact on water inlet and outlet temperature and inlet and outlet pressure oscillations. During synchronization high amplitude of oscillations of temperature and pressure occur. The mentioned behaviors are caused mainly by reverse flow. In the paper it has been shown that recurrence analysis of inlet and outlet pressure oscillations can be used for assessment of boiling synchronization in minichannels.
T5 configurations and hyperbolic systems
Authors: Johansson Carl Johan Peter , Tione Riccardo 
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study the rank-one convex hull of a differential inclusion associated to entropy solutions of a hyperbolic system of conservation laws. This was introduced in [B. Kirchheim, S. Müller and V. Šverák, Studying Nonlinear PDE by Geometry in Matrix Space (Springer, 2003), Sec. 7], and many of its properties have already been shown in [A. Lorent and G. Peng, Null Lagrangian measures in subspaces, compensated compactness and conservation laws, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 234(2) (2019) 857–910; A. Lorent and G. Peng, On the Rank-1 convex hull of a set arising from a hyperbolic system of Lagrangian elasticity, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 59(5) (2020) 156]. In particular, in [A. Lorent and G. Peng, On the Rank-1 convex hull of a set arising from a hyperbolic system of Lagrangian elasticity, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 59(5) (2020) 156], it is shown that the differential inclusion does not contain any [Formula: see text] configurations. Here, we continue that study by showing that the differential inclusion does not contain [Formula: see text] configurations.
Cardiac MRI Segmentation Using Efficient ResNeXT-50-Based IEI Level Set and Anisotropic Sigmoid Diffusion Algorithms
Authors: Bhan Anupama , Mangipudi Partha Sarathi , Goyal Ayush 
Published: December 2022

Endocardial and epicardial border identification has been of extensive interest in cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs). It is a difficult job to segment the epicardium and endocardium accurately and automatically from cardiac MRI owing to the cardiac tissues’ complexity even though the prevailing Deep Learning (DL) methodologies had attained significant success in medical imaging segmentation. Hence, by employing effectual ResNeXT-50-centric Inverse Edge Indicator Level Set (IEILS) and anisotropic sigmoid diffusion algorithms, this system has proposed cardiac MRI segmentation. The work has endured some function for an effectual partition of epicardium and endocardium. Initially, by employing the Truncated Kernel Function (TK)-Trilateral Filter, the noise removal function is executed on the input cardiac MRI. Next, by wielding the ResNeXT-50 IEILS, the Left and Right Ventricular (LV/RV) regions are segmented. The epicardium and endocardium are segmented by the ASD algorithm once the LV/RV is separated from the Left Ventricle (LV) region. Here, the openly accessible Sunnybrook and the Right Ventricle (RV) datasets are wielded. Then, the prevailing state-of-art algorithms are analogized to the outcomes achieved by the proposed framework. Regarding accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, the proposed methodology executed the cardiac MRI segmentation process precisely along with the other surpassed state-of-the-art methodologies.