bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold plasma endoscopy applied to biliary ducts: feasibility risk assessment on human-like and porcine models for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Decauchy Henri , Pavy Allan , Camus Marine , Fouassier Laura , Dufour Thierry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For the past 12 years, cold plasmas (i.e. weakly ionized gas) have been positioned as a breakthrough technology for treating cancer thanks to their antitumor properties. The innovation of ad hoc plasma sources and personalized protocols appears crucial to treat cancers with a very poor prognosis. This is the case for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a biliary tract cancer, whose treatment with cold plasma is envisioned but requires the innovation of catheters and endoscopic devices for local therapies. Before conducting clinical trials, the performances and limitations of cold plasma endoscopy (CPE) must be evaluated in terms of safety for both the patient and clinician as well as in terms of therapeutic efficacy. These objectives are pursued in the present work, in which a transferred plasma catheter is used, powered by 8–10 kV, 1–2 µs wide, 5–10 kHz repeated pulses, allowing guided streamers to be transferred over lengths of at least 2 m. In a first step, the catheter is utilized without the duodenoscope and directly inserted into an artificial model reproducing the topography and the electrical response of the biliary tree. This model allows to validate the technical feasibility of the technology and to demonstrate the absence of electrical and thermal risks. Indeed, the voltage and current deposited are as low as 3.98 V and 1.19 mA (RMS values) respectively, while the temperature locally increases from 23 °C to 27 °C. In a second step, the catheter is inserted into the duodenoscope, the whole being applied to a porcine anatomical model. After passing through the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, the distal part of the duodenoscope is placed at the entrance to the papilla so that the catheter can easily enter the choledoc and then the common bile duct. Interestingly, the electrical power values deposited are of the order of 100 mW especially because the current values are at least ten times higher. These more elevated values of electrical parameters but also electromagnetic effects are discussed considering physical aspects like eddy currents. The absence of electrical and thermal risks is demonstrated and consolidated by the medical devices standards fixed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In a third time, we demonstrate that the cold plasma catheter can induce antitumor effects on in vitro experimental models of human CCA. The methodology proposed in this article validates the relevance of CPE as a potential local treatment for CCA and allows bridging cognitive and patient-oriented research.
Computational fluid dynamics predicts the nanoparticle transport in gas aggregation cluster sources
Authors: Ali-Ogly Suren , Kousal Jaroslav , Nikitin Daniil , Pleskunov Pavel , Hanuš Jan , Choukourov Andrei , Biederman Hynek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a typical sputter-based gas aggregation cluster source (GAS), nanoparticles (NPs) are created from supersaturated vapours of the target material. The NPs then escape from the source with the expanding gas through an exit orifice. The carrier gas flow profile is one of the most critical parameters, which strongly affects the NP losses on the walls and determines the efficiency of the NP transport to the substrate. In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to understand the flow of the carrier gas inside the aggregation chamber. We focus on the impact of the inlet and outlet geometry on the carrier gas flow and, therefore, on the NP transportation. Two types of GAS with either a conventional planar magnetron or a cylindrical magnetron are considered. In the planar configuration, the working gas inlet is from behind the magnetron, and the gas flows around the target towards the orifice along the system axis, which may cause some vertices. The situation is even more critical for the cylindrical magnetron, where the gas inlet position and geometry have a drastic influence on the gas flow. Brownian diffusion is found to prevail for NPs smaller than 5 nm, regardless of the gas flow. This leads to their losses on the walls. Larger NPs experience a stronger drag force from the carrier gas flow, which should exceed 10 m s−1 to prevent loss of NPs on the walls and keep NP transport efficient. Therefore, the CFD simulations help to visualise the motion of the NPs and optimise the geometry of the GAS for future applications.
Noise-induced formation of heterogeneous patterns in the Turing stability zones of diffusion systems
Authors: Bashkirtseva Irina , Pankratov Alexander , Ryashko Lev 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study a phenomenon of stochastic generation of waveform patterns for reaction-diffusion systems in the Turing stability zone where the homogeneous equilibrium is a single attractor. In this analysis, we use a distributed variant of the Selkov glycolytic model with diffusion and random forcing. It is shown that in the Turing stability zone, random disturbances can induce a diversity of metastable spatial patterns with different waveforms. We carry out the parametric analysis of statistical characteristics of evolution of these patterns, and reveal the dominant patterns in the stochastic flow of mixed spatial structures.
3D involute gear evaluation - part II: deviations - basic algorithms for modern software validation
Authors: Stein Martin , Härtig Frank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The fundamental equations for the evaluation of cylindrical involute gear measurements on 3D gear measuring instruments are provided. The computations are based on the principles of gear kinematics and use the system of involute gear coordinates introduced in a previous work of the authors. This holistic approach focuses on significant error sources that only appear since 3D measurement technology is used and that are almost unrecognized till today. The proposed algorithms are beneficial for the description of gear deviations as they allow the use of simple formulas covering profile, helix and pitch evaluation for internal or external and spur or helical gears. The presented equations contain the key fundamentals to complement existing standards. They will become part of reference algorithms used by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, the national metrology institute of Germany, to certify gear evaluation software.
UWB/INS-based robust anchor-free relative positioning scheme for UGVs
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Li Zhitian , Zheng Shuaikang , Liu Yunfei , Zheng Pengcheng , Zou Xudong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the development of new distributed cluster applications such as distributed radar and UGV cooperation, the concept of relative positioning springs up—different from the classic positioning application, relative positioning focuses on the real-time determination of relative position relationships in multi-node networks without pre-deployment anchor, prior map and GNSS. Under such application conditions, relative localization also requires high real-time performance, and high accuracy in short baseline scenes, and can solve the positioning failure caused by occlusion and other factors. A high-precision relative positioning scheme based on UWB-INS fusion is proposed in this paper: a robust relative positioning algorithm based on iterative extended Kalman filter is optimized by modeling the system error state, and the adaptive residual elimination algorithm is introduced to ensure the robustness of positioning service. A series of experiments show that the scheme proposed in this paper can provide centimeter-level real-time positioning service for multi-node dynamic networks without anchors and maps, and is expected to become a potential effective relative positioning technology scheme.
An adaptive spectrum segmentation-based optimized VMD method and its application in rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Meng Zong , Wang Xinyu , Liu Jingbo , Fan Fengjie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Variational mode decomposition (VMD) is a signal decomposition algorithm with excellent denoising ability. However, the drawback that VMD is unable to determine the input parameters adaptively seriously affects the decomposition results. For this issue, an optimized VMD method based on modified scale-space representation (MSSR-VMD) is proposed. Firstly, MSSR is proposed to segment the fault signal spectrum, acquiring modes’ number and the initial center frequency for each mode adaptively. Moreover, a pre-decomposition step is added to the original VMD, which selects a target mode from divided frequency bands. Finally, the penalty factor of the target mode is adjusted during the iterative update of the VMD to achieve accurate extraction for the fault features. MSSR-VMD and other adaptive decomposition algorithms are employed to handle the simulated and experimental signals separately. By comparing the analysis results, the method has certain superiority in rolling bearing fault feature extraction.
Modelling the HPRT-gene mutation induction of particle beams: systematic in vitro data collection, analysis and microdosimetric kinetic model implementation
Authors: Attili Andrea , Scifoni Emanuele , Tommasino Francesco 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Since the early years, particle therapy treatments have been associated with concerns for late toxicities, especially secondary cancer risk (SCR). Nowadays, this concern is related to patients for whom long-term survival is expected (e.g. breast cancer, lymphoma, paediatrics). In the aim to contribute to this research, we present a dedicated statistical and modelling analysis aiming at improving our understanding of the RBE for mutation induction (

RBE

M

˜

) for different particle species. Approach. We built a new database based on a systematic collection of RBE data for mutation assays of the gene encoding for the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from literature (105 entries, distributed among 3 cell lines and 16 particle species). The data were employed to perform statistical and modelling analysis. For the latter, we adapted the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) to describe the mutagenesis in analogy to lethal lesion induction. Main results. Correlation analysis between RBE for survival (RBES) and

RBE

M

˜

reveals significant correlation between these two quantities (ρ = 0.86, p < 0.05). The correlation gets stronger when looking at subsets of data based on cell line and particle species. We also show that the MKM can be successfully employed to describe

RBE

M

˜

,

obtaining comparably good agreement with the experimental data. Remarkably, to improve the agreement with experimental data the MKM requires, consistently in all the analysed cases, a reduced domain size for the description of mutation induction compared to that adopted for survival. Significance. We were able to show that RBES and

RBE

M

˜

are strongly related quantities. We also showed for the first time that the MKM could be successfully applied to the description of mutation induction, representing an endpoint different from the more traditional cell killing. In analogy to the RBES,

RBE

M

˜

can be implemented into treatment planning system evaluations.
Highly accelerated MR parametric mapping by undersampling the k-space and reducing the contrast number simultaneously with deep learning
Authors: Liu Shaonan , Li Haoxiang , Liu Yuanyuan , Cheng Guanxun , Yang Gang , Wang Haifeng , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Zhu Yanjie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction. To propose a novel deep learning-based method called RG-Net (reconstruction and generation network) for highly accelerated MR parametric mapping by undersampling k-space and reducing the acquired contrast number simultaneously. Methods. The proposed framework consists of a reconstruction module and a generative module. The reconstruction module reconstructs MR images from the acquired few undersampled k-space data with the help of a data prior. The generative module then synthesizes the remaining multi-contrast images from the reconstructed images, where the exponential model is implicitly incorporated into the image generation through the supervision of fully sampled labels. The RG-Net was trained and tested on the T1ρ
mapping data from 8 volunteers at net acceleration rates of 17, respectively. Regional T1ρ
analysis for cartilage and the brain was performed to assess the performance of RG-Net. Results. RG-Net yields a high-quality T1ρ
map at a high acceleration rate of 17. Compared with the competing methods that only undersample k-space, our framework achieves better performance in T1ρ
value analysis. Conclusion. The proposed RG-Net can achieve a high acceleration rate while maintaining good reconstruction quality by undersampling k-space and reducing the contrast number simultaneously for fast MR parametric mapping. The generative module of our framework can also be used as an insertable module in other fast MR parametric mapping methods.
The OpenGATE ecosystem for Monte Carlo simulation in medical physics
Authors: Sarrut David , Arbor Nicolas , Baudier Thomas , Borys Damian , Etxebeste Ane , Fuchs Hermann , Gajewski Jan , Grevillot Loïc , Jan Sébastien , Kagadis George C , Kang Han Gyu , Kirov Assen , Kochebina Olga , Krzemien Wojciech , Lomax Antony , Papadimitroulas Panagiotis , Pommranz Christian , Roncali Emilie , Rucinski Antoni , Winterhalter Carla , Maigne Lydia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews the ecosystem of GATE, an open-source Monte Carlo toolkit for medical physics. Based on the shoulders of Geant4, the principal modules (geometry, physics, scorers) are described with brief descriptions of some key concepts (Volume, Actors, Digitizer). The main source code repositories are detailed together with the automated compilation and tests processes (Continuous Integration). We then described how the OpenGATE collaboration managed the collaborative development of about one hundred developers during almost 20 years. The impact of GATE on medical physics and cancer research is then summarized, and examples of a few key applications are given. Finally, future development perspectives are indicated.
Quantum annealing for industry applications: introduction and review
Authors: Yarkoni Sheir , Raponi Elena , Bäck Thomas , Schmitt Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Quantum annealing (QA) is a heuristic quantum optimization algorithm that can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In recent years, advances in quantum technologies have enabled the development of small- and intermediate-scale quantum processors that implement the QA algorithm for programmable use. Specifically, QA processors produced by D-Wave systems have been studied and tested extensively in both research and industrial settings across different disciplines. In this paper we provide a literature review of the theoretical motivations for QA as a heuristic quantum optimization algorithm, the software and hardware that is required to use such quantum processors, and the state-of-the-art applications and proofs-of-concepts that have been demonstrated using them. The goal of our review is to provide a centralized and condensed source regarding applications of QA technology. We identify the advantages, limitations, and potential of QA for both researchers and practitioners from various fields.
Strange cousin of Z

c
(4020/4025) as a tetraquark state*
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the analogous properties of

and

, we tentatively assign

as the

-type hidden-charm tetraquark state with

, where A denotes the axialvector diquark states, and explore

-type tetraquark states without strange, with strange, and with hidden-strange via QCD sum rules in a consistent manner. We then explore the hadronic coupling constants in the two-body strong decays of tetraquark states without and with strange via QCD sum rules based on rigorous quark-hadron duality and acquire partial and total decay widths. The present calculations support assigning

as the

-type tetraquark state with

, while the predictions for its strange cousin

state can be confronted with experimental data in the future.
Demonstrating tungsten fiber-reinforced porous-matrix tungsten composites for future fusion application
Authors: Mao Yiran , Coenen Jan W. , Terra Alexis , Gao Liang , Kreter Arkadi , Wirtz Marius , Liu Chao , Chen Chang , Riesch Johann , Wu Yucheng , Broeckmann Christoph , Linsmeier Christian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W) has been developed to improve the fracture toughness of W materials, as demonstrated in previous studies (2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 086034; 2021 Mater. Sci. Eng. A
817 141361). In the present study, we focus on the performance of the developed Wf/W materials under fusion-relevant test conditions and further demonstrate their use as plasma facing materials in future fusion reactors. Specifically, one set of Wf/W samples was exposed to Ne plasma to investigate the erosion resistance against plasma sputtering, in comparison to the reference ITER-grade W sample. In addition, deuterium (D) retention in the plasma-exposed Wf/W samples was studied via thermal desorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, laser thermal shock tests were performed on Wf/W to simulate the transient heat load condition and to investigate the material performance under extreme heat flux. With increasing porosity, Wf/W exhibits lower mass loss (net erosion) after Ne plasma exposure. Though porous, Wf/W composites unexpectedly show a comparable D retention to the reference bulk W, which is attributed to the openness of the pores in the matrix. Thermal shock testing results indicate a similar cracking threshold (0.38 GW m−2, 1 ms) as compared with that of ITER-grade W materials. However, due to the lower thermal conductivity of porous matrix Wf/W, under extremely high loading conditions (1.6 GW m−2, 2 ms) surface melting was observed. The present work demonstrates the great potential of the porous matrix Wf/W for future fusion application.
Distributions of deposits and hydrogen on the upper and lower TDUs3 target elements of Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Zhao Mingzhong , Masuzaki S. , Motojima G. , Tokitani M. , Yajima M. , Gao Y. , Jakubowski M. , Puig Sitjes A. , Pisano F. , Dhard C.P. , Naujoks D. , Romazanov J. , Brezinsek S. , the W7-X Team  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Distributions of deposits and hydrogen (H) on the graphite divertor target elements TM4h4 and TM3v5 in the test divertor units 3 (TDUs3) of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) are studied. The TM4h4 and TM3v5 are located at the magnetically symmetric positions in the upper and lower divertor. The microstructure of the deposition layer is characterized by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) combined with a focused ion beam (FIB). Metallic deposits such as iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr) are detected in the deposition layer by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The depth-resolved distribution patterns of boron (B) and metallic deposits on upper and lower horizontal (h) divertor target elements TDUs3-TM4h4 as well as upper and lower vertical (v) divertor target elements TDUs3-TM3v5 are clarified by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES). Results for both TDUs3-TM4h4 and TDUs3-TM3v5 show that the B deposition regions exhibit higher H retention due to the co-deposition with deposits. On the other hand, up-down asymmetries in B deposition caused by particle drift exist on both TDUs3-TM4h4 and TDUs3-TM3v5. The B deposition amount on upper TDUs3-TM4h4 is 40% smaller than that on lower TDUs3-TM4h4. While for the vertical target elements, the B deposition amount on upper TDUs3-TM3v5 is 35% larger than that on lower TDUs3-TM3v5. Meanwhile, a shift of around 3 cm in B deposition peaks is observed on upper and lower TDUs3-TM4h4 and TDUs3-TM3v5. Results of numerical simulation of carbon deposition/erosion profiles on the target elements using ERO2.0 code and power flux measured by infrared cameras are shown and compared with the above mentioned B profiles.
Production of the artificial 51Cr neutrino source in the BEST project
Authors: Danshin S.N. , Gavrin V.N. , Gorbachev V.V. , Ibragimova T.V. , Komarov B.A. , Kozlova J.P. , Martynov A.A. , Veretenkin E.P. , Akimov L.V. , Kupriyanov A.V. , Malkov A.P. , Petelin A.L. , Pimenov V.V. , Romanov E.G. , Sazontov S.A. , Tabakin E.M. , Tarasov V.A. , Torgashov I.V. , Uzikov V.A. , Zvir A.I. , Kalaschnikova A.A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The production of the artificial 51Cr neutrino source
with activity > 3 MCi for the experiment BEST is presented. This
procedure consisted of making a 50Cr target and irradiating it
with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor SM-3. The production of a
target in the form of disks with a thickness of 4 mm and a diameter
of 84 and 88 mm included enrichment (to 96.5% in 50Cr) of
natural chromium in the form of oxyfluoride by gas centrifugation,
electrolytic reduction and refining of metallic chromium, as well as
the formation of chromium disks by spark plasma
sintering. Simulations of various source geometries, neutron flux
and nuclear transmutation were carried out to validate the design of
the source, the irradiation device and the transport container, the
required chemical purity of the target and the irradiation schedule
in the reactor. The calculated activity of the source after 75
effective days of irradiation was 3.55 MCi. The activity of the
source was measured by the calorimetric method and amounted to
3.41 MCi at the time of its delivery to the Baksan Neutrino
Observatory. This is the most intense chemically pure neutrino
source ever produced.
Differentiation of equine mesenchymal stem cells into cells of osteochondral lineage: potential for osteochondral tissue engineering
Authors: Cheng Hiu Wa , Chik Tsz Kit , Weir Joe , Chan Barbara Pui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Damage to the hyaline cartilage of the joint surface and osteochondral fractures are key factors leading to the development of osteoarthritis in racehorses, representing a significant cause of racehorse retirement. To tissue-engineer an osteochondral unit that is suitable for joint repair, incorporation of a zone of calcified cartilage should be considered so as to mimic its in vivo counterpart. To date, equine mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) have been reported to have multilineage differentiation potential. Yet the generation of a zone of calcified cartilage using eMSCs has not been reported. This work is an initial attempt to generate a zone of calcified cartilage using eMSCs as the single source of cells and collagen as the scaffolding material. Main advantages of using eMSCs over equine deep zone chondrocytes for the generation of a zone of calcified cartilage include no donor site morbidity and their ease of expansion in culture. Initially, we fabricated cartilage-like tissues and bone-like tissues in vitro by differentiating eMSCs toward chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages for 21 d, respectively. We then aggregated the cartilage-like and bone-like tissues together with a layer of undifferentiated eMSCs-collagen gel in between to generate a 3-layer osteochondral unit. A zone of calcified cartilage was found between the cartilage-like and bone-like layers after a 14-day culture in chondrogenic differentiation medium. These results provide a solution toward tissue engineering of equine osteochondral units with interfacial zone without using chondrocytes harvested from the deep zone of healthy articular cartilage, and contribute to the future development of osteochondral tissue engineering strategies for human cartilage injuries in the long run.