bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of expression pattern of proteins associated with AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in kidney cancer development
Authors: Satardey Ritesh , Yadav Ravi , Das Madhusudan , Pal Dilip Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression status, reciprocal interplay, and prognostic significance of AKT1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in AKT/mechanistic target of the rapamycin pathway and to enable them to be studied as possible therapeutic targets.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study included 25 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) operated between December 2019 and January 2022. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for AKT and HIF-1α. The fold changes were then calculated by ∆∆Ct method.

Results:
The included 25 ccRCC patients had 1.5-fold greater HIF-1 mRNA expression and 0.9-fold higher AKT1 gene expression in the ccRCC tissues compared to the corresponding healthy control. High, moderate, and low expression of HIF-1α was seen in 15, 6, and 1 of 25 samples, respectively. High, moderate, and low expression of p-AKT1 was seen in 18, 2, and 3 of 25 samples, respectively.

Conclusion:
Our study data predicted higher gene expression as well as protein expression of HIF-1α and AKT. The proteins HIF-1α and AKT are localized in the nucleus of the RCC tumor samples compared to normal. Overexpression of these proteins might play significant roles in tumor development and differentiation as reported by others previously. This study can help clarify the biological role of HIF-1α and AKT in RCC to develop new strategies for this malignancy.
Comparison of different doses of atracurium for quality of muscle relaxation during modified rapid sequence induction in emergency laparotomy: A prospective randomised double blind study
Authors: Holkunde Roopa , Masur Shilpa , Patil Basavaraja A , Patil Chetan , Naik Dinesh , Lamani Swetha 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:
In emergency and non-fasting patients posted for laparotomy under general anaesthesia, rapid sequence induction (RSI) is preferred, and it is routinely done by using succinylcholine or rocuronium. Using higher doses of atracurium [i.e. 3-4 times the 95% effective dose (ED95)] can provide acceptable intubating conditions in a short time. The primary objective of our study was to compare two different higher doses of atracurium to achieve good intubating conditions for RSI without using a priming dose. The secondary objective was to compare the duration of muscle relaxation using neuromuscular monitoring and haemodynamic responses during and after intubation.

Methods:
Sixty patients were enroled and randomly assigned into two groups:-, group A1 (atracurium: 0.75 mg/kg) and group A2 (atracurium: 1 mg/kg). After premedication, anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg and atracurium injections, followed by intubation within a minute by trained anaesthesiologists. Meanwhile, intubating conditions, neuromuscular monitoring using train-of-four (TOF) measurements and post-tetanic-count and haemodynamics were recorded. Data were analysed statistically by using the Chi-square test and Student’s t-test.

Results:
Excellent intubation conditions (without coughing or bucking) were attained in 56.7% of cases in group A2 and in 13.3% in group A1 (P < 0.001). Duration of muscle relaxation, measured by time until TOF is two, was more prolonged in group A2 (79.2 ± 9.2 min) than in group A1 (60.13 ± 8.7 min, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Acceptable intubating conditions can be achieved in a minute with the use of a high dose of atracurium (1 mg/kg) during RSI. Hence, atracurium can be used as an alternative drug for RSI.
Adherence to safety precautions in the operation theatre among anaesthesiologists in the COVID era
Authors: Jain M Karthik , Baskaran Deepa , Jagannath Sathyanarayan , Kothari Apoorwa N. , Arumugam Ramesh , Selvam Sumithra 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:
The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant infections among healthcare workers and deaths warranting the need for personal protective equipment. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of anaesthesiologists adhering to safety precautions and to evaluate their adherence patterns, difficulties faced and coping mechanisms in the operation theatre during the pandemic.

Methods:
This was a multicentric mixed methods study conducted among anaesthesiologists from two tertiary care hospitals. A paper-based questionnaire was given to all participants. The first part consisted of 21 questions regarding safety measures and extent of adherence. The second part was a response sheet regarding the various difficulties faced and coping mechanisms adopted. Following this, an in-depth interview was conducted to understand the same. The proportion of anaesthesiologists in different categories of adherence, patterns of adherence, difficulties faced, and coping mechanisms were computed and compared. Thematic framework analysis was done for in-depth interview.

Results:
Sixty participants were included. The adherence levels for N95 masks and face shields were higher. Most participants practised frequent handwashing and took showers after work. Fogging, difficulty in communication, marks on the face were the commonly faced difficulties. Self reassurance, adjusting the fit of masks/face shields, or taking breaks were the coping mechanisms mostly followed. Themes generated from in-depth interview include waning of caution, adaptation through innovative methods and stress due to uncertainty.

Conclusion:
The N95 mask was the most preferred safety precaution. Ease of use and safety were important considerations for adherence. Physical and mental acclimatisation and improved knowledge of disease played a vital role.
Erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy under spinal anaesthesia- A randomised controlled study
Authors: Shah Bhavini , Cherukuri Kaushik , Tudimilla Sonalika , Shah Krusha Suresh 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:Postoperative pain is a multitude of various irksome sensory, emotional and mental experiences aggravated by surgical trauma and associated with autonomic, endocrine, metabolic, physiological and behavioural responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in postoperative analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under spinal anaesthesia.Methods:This prospective randomised study was conducted on sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II patients scheduled for PCNL under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomised into two equal groups of thirty patients. ESPB was given in group A with 20 ml of injection bupivacaine 0.25% and dexamethasone 8 mg and group B received injection tramadol 1.5 mg/kg intravenously immediately after PCNL. The primary outcome was comparison of visual analogue scale (VAS) score in the first 24 h postoperatively, whereas secondary objectives included hemodynamic variables and requirement of rescue analgesia.Results:VAS score in group A (ESPB) with mean of 3.15 ± 0.68 was comparatively low when compared to group B with mean of 6.61 ± 0.50 at 6 hours. After 4 h postoperatively, VAS scores continued to be higher and significant number of patients required rescue analgesia in group B.Conclusion:ESPB reduced VAS score, provided adequate postoperative analgesia, with similar haemodynamic changes and adverse effects in comparison to the conventional analgesia with tramadol in PCNL.
Knowledge and attitude of dental students toward thyroid gland and its disorders
Authors: Mahajan Santosh , Kapoor Harsimran Singh 
Published: December 2022

Aim:
With an increasing number of patients with thyroid diseases receiving dental care, dental practitioners should have sufficient knowledge about the gland and the associated pathophysiology to avoid any complications during the treatment.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of the dental students of different academic years of Baba Jaswant Singh Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Ludhiana, was done to determine their knowledge and attitude toward different aspects of thyroid gland using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 234 students including 46 (20%) males and 188 (80%) females aged 19–32 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 23.24 ± 2.92 years) participated in the survey. The mean ± SD knowledge score of students was 60.7 ± 8.4. It increased with dentistry years and was between 51% and 75% reflecting overall good knowledge. However, the knowledge of students of all academic years was significantly more for thyroid gland and its hormones compared to other aspects of the gland. There was no significant difference in the mean knowledge (males 60.2% ± 13.6%, females 60.4% ± 8.8% (P = 0.97) and attitude (males 62.7% ± 18.2%, females 71.4% ± 6.0%) (P = 0.25) of the two sexes. However, a significant association was found between knowledge and attitude of the female students toward thyroid patients.

Conclusions:
The findings of our study indicate that although the dental students have acceptable knowledge about thyroid gland, its functioning, and its abnormalities, they are devoid of awareness about the biochemical mechanisms behind the disease and the treatment plan which can put their patients at risk.
Research capacity and training needs of nurses' in Shanghai, China
Authors: XU Huajiao , SHEN Ying , WU Lingling , SHEN Weihong 
Published: December 2022

Aims:
The aim of this study is to investigate nurses' research capacity and related training needs in Shanghai to provide evidence to further nursing research training.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 1226 clinical registered nurses, including the Nursing Research Capacity of Self-Evaluation Questionnaire and Research Training Needs Form, was recruited from 14 public hospitals in Shanghai, China. And the influencing factors of nurses' research capacity were analyzed.

Results:
The mean score of nurses' research capacity was (46.25 ± 22.90) in Shanghai, that was at a low-to-medium level. The influencing factors of nurses' research capacity including age (F = 15.983, P < 0.001), education (F = 20.738, P < 0.001), professional title (F = 6.993,

P = 0.001), working years (F = 7.803, P < 0.001), department (F = 8.545, P < 0.001), and position (F = −3.354, P = 0.001). The most critical factor is the time to participate a study (P < 0.001). And what the nurses demanded were writing skills, special lectures, and participating in colleagues' projects mostly.

Conclusion:
Nurse's scientific research capacity still needs to be improved in Shanghai. The key to improving this situation is the individualized scientific research training and education for nurses and the practice of more participation in scientific research projects.
Does educational intervention change knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding pharmacovigilance among nursing officers in Central India? An interventional study
Authors: CHINDHALORE Chaitali Ashish , DAKHALE Ganesh Natthuji , GUPTA Ashish Vijay 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance (PV) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among nursing officers.

Materials and Methods:
A pre- and post-single-arm interventional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Nagpur from May 2021 to October 2021 among 48 nursing officers. Data related to KAP were obtained through validated questionnaires before and after 3 months of educational intervention.

Results:
The mean knowledge score among nursing officers significantly improved from 11.05 ± 3.09 to 16.77 ± 2.07 after training session (P < 0.001). The mean score regarding attitude was significantly upgraded from 21.16 ± 5.6 to 23.79 ± 2.97 (P < 0.001). At baseline, the mean practice score was poor (2.41 ± 2.89), which was improved after training session, but the difference is not significant.

Conclusion:
Educational intervention had a significant impact on knowledge and attitude toward ADR reporting. The practice of detecting and reporting an ADR to the treating consultant is improved, but it is not transformed into reporting an ADR to the PV center to a significant extent. Hence, it is recommended to streamline ADR reporting process by implementing such training modules more frequently.
Practice and patronage of traditional bonesetting in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: OKORO Nafiu Fatihudeen , OJO Adeleke Araoye , AKPOR Oluwaseyi Abiodun , Akpor Oghenerobor Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
This study was carried out to investigate the determinants of the practice and patronage of traditional bonesetting (TBS) in a Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive research design approach with purposive sampling technique was used. Data collection was through the use of two set of self-developed structured questionnaire (for bonesetters and clients). The study obtained data from eight traditional bonesetters and fifty-six inpatients receiving treatments in the bonesetters' homes across the study location.

Results:
Findings from the study showed that the major cause of fractures were road traffic accidents while low cost of treatment was the major influence for patronizing traditional bonesetters. The study also revealed that majority of the traditional bonesetters had little or no formal education. Among the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, only occupation showed signification relationship with reasons for patronage of TBS homes (χ
2 = 28.164, P = 0.036).

Conclusion:
The patronage of traditional bonesetters may be impossible to eradicate; thus, the study recommends the need for collaboration among traditional bonesetters and modern orthopedic practitioners through recognition and continuous training of the traditional bonesetters on appropriate management and referrals.
Disentangling the P300 Components of Evoked Potentials Elicited using Subliminal Oddball Tasks in Reward-Directed Motivation
Authors: Kaya Kutlu , Gelir Ethem , Karaismailoglu Eda , Karaismailoglu Serkan 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate neural responses during subliminal oddball tasks concerning reward-directed motivation to distinguish the P3a and P3b components of evoked P300 potentials.

Methods:
The subliminal oddball task included congruent/incongruent stimuli and masked prime subliminal stimuli. The task was to push the button when an incongruent stimulus appeared. Participants underwent two pre- and post-break electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. During the break, the thirst scores of the participants were evaluated. Then, participants consumed three different salty foods in the same amount and completed the remaining two post-break EEG recordings, followed by the second thirst scores evaluation. Finally, participants physically selected lettered cards (A, B, C, and D) to receive a reward and quench their thirst.

Results:
Thirty participants were enrolled, 28 of whom were included for data analysis. Ten participants selected lettered cards as the given subliminal stimulus (sub(+) group), and 18 participants selected different lettered cards from the given subliminal stimulus (sub(–) group). We found a significant increase in post-P3a and post-P3b amplitudes in the sub(+) group at the Pz/Oz electrodes. Changes in P3b amplitude were significantly higher in the sub(+) group (2.83 ± 1.14 μV) than in the sub(–) group (0.62 ± 2.29 μV) at the Pz/Oz electrodes. Correlation analysis revealed that higher thirst scores resulted in higher P3b amplitudes in the sub(+) group.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that reward-directed motivation increases parietal-posterior P3b amplitudes, signifying the involvement of cognitive processes to achieve a reward.
The Relationship between Intracranial Hemorrhage after Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy and the Need for Antihypertensive Treatment During and after Infusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bahadir Eda Aslanbaba , Sorgun Mine Hayriye , Isikay Canan Togay 
Published: December 2022

Background:
This study aims to determine which factors increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the need for antihypertensive therapy during and after tPA infusion and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive patients who applied to our stroke center with acute ischemic stroke and received IV tPA treatment in the first 4.5 h between 2012 and 2020 were included in the study. The demographic data of patients, stroke risk factors, drugs used before the stroke, neurological examinations, cranial computed tomographys (CTs) before and after tPA, antihypertensive usage during IV tPA and in the 24-h period after treatment, hospital mortality rates, and modified Rankin Scale scores in the 3rd month were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with intracerebral bleeding were divided into groups according to bleeding subtypes and whether they were symptomatic.

Results:
Intracranial bleeding was detected in 48 of 214 patients included in this study. Nineteen of these (8.8%) were classified as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and 14 (6.5%) according to the definition of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, intracranial bleeding was significantly associated with 24th h systolic blood pressure and the need for antihypertensive usage.

Conclusions:
Blood pressure regulation should be done carefully during tPA infusion and in the first 24 h. In addition, cranial CT scanning in patients who need antihypertensive usage may enable earlier detection of intracranial bleeding.
Perceptions and Cues to Action as Predictors of Nurses’ Vaccination Intentions at Two Primary Health Care Facilities in Ghana
Authors: Tagbor Solomon , Ohene Lillian Akorfa , Adjei Charles Ampong , Kyei Josephine 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Uptake of hepatitis B vaccination by health care providers remains suboptimal in Ghana, although it is considered an effective strategy against the hepatitis B virus. This study aimed to identify the predictors of nurses’ hepatitis B vaccination intentions at two municipal health care facilities in Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was adopted. A section of the health belief model-based questionnaire was administered to 181 nurses conveniently sampled from the two facilities. Data analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutions software version 23.0. Frequencies and percentages were used to assess the demographic characteristics of participants. Pearson r coefficients were used to assess the intercorrelations between individual perceptions, and the cues to action on vaccination intentions. Simple and multiple regression was used to estimate the prediction of individual perceptions, and the cues to action on hepatitis B vaccination intentions of nurses. The findings showed that nurse-perceived benefits and cues to action were positive and significantly related to hepatitis B vaccination intentions of nurses (r = 0.14, P < 0.05; r = 0.17, P < 0.05). Perceived susceptibility and perceived barrier were negative and significantly related to vaccine intentions (r = −0.13, P < 0.05; r = −0.24, P < 0.01). Notably, perceived barrier predicted hepatitis B vaccination intentions (β = −0.22, t = −2.48, P = 0.01). Nurses’ vaccination behavioral intentions were positive. It was recommended that perceived barriers to hepatitis B vaccination such as vaccination ineffectiveness, time constraints, high costs, and side effects should be addressed to increase nurses’ vaccination uptake.
Prevalence and Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Gabon
Authors: Dikoumba Annicet-Clotaire , Onanga Richard , Jean-Pierre Hélène , Didelot Marie-Noelle , Dumont Yann , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam , Ngoungou Edgard-Brice , Godreuil Sylvain 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Data collection and monitoring of carbapenemase-producing (CP) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are often limited. This study determined CP-GNB prevalence in Gabon and the genetic origins of the resistance genes. From January 2016 to March 2018, 869 clinically significant GNB isolates from inpatients and outpatients, and 19 fecal samples (inpatients) were analyzed in the main hospitals of Gabon. Fecal samples were screened using ChromID® CARBA SMART selective chromogenic medium biplates. Species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method on Müller–Hinton agar, and resistance genes were assessed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Overall, 1.61% of clinical isolates (14 of 869) and 5.26% of fecal samples (1 of 19) were CP-GNB. The CP-GNB rate was higher among inpatients (2.98%) than outpatients (0.33%), in intensive care units (28.57%, 4 of 14), and in urine samples (35.71%, 5 of 14). The most common CP-GNB were Klebsiella pneumoniae (53.33%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (26.67%). blaOXA-48 was the predominant carbapenemase-encoding gene (40%), followed by blaNDM-5 (33.33%). The A. baumannii multilocus sequence types ST2 and ST78, Enterobacter cloacae ST78, Escherichia coli ST2, and K. pneumonia ST48 and ST147 were found. These data indicate that CP bacteria are present in clinical and carriage samples. Preventive measures are needed to avoid the spread of resistance genes.
Prevalence of Poor Quality Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole Tablets in Three Cities in Cameroon
Authors: Waffo Tchounga Christelle Ange , Sacré Pierre-Yves , Ciza Hamuli Patient , Ngono Mballa Rose , De Bleye Charlotte , Ziemons Eric , Hubert Philippe , Marini Djang’eing’a Roland 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
Quality is one of the essential components of medicines and needs to be ensured to preserve the population’s health. This can be achieved through post-marketing quality control of medicines and is one of the most important duties of national regulatory authorities. In collaboration with the Cameroonian National Drug Quality Control and Valuation Laboratory, the decision was made to initiate a prevalence study to assess the quality of antiinfective medicines in Cameroon. A total of 150 samples of ciprofloxacin tablets and 142 samples of metronidazole tablets were collected from 76 licensed pharmacies and 75 informal vendors in three cities in Cameroon using a random strategy wherever possible and a mystery shopper approach. Three tests were carried out on each of the samples. Visual inspection allowed to find two falsified samples (0.7%) due to lack of information about the manufacturing company, and five more samples (1.7%) were deemed to be substandard due to flaws in the product. An additional 13 samples (4.5%) failed disintegration testing, and six (2.1%) others failed high-performance liquid chromatography assay testing due to insufficient active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content. All samples were found to contain some API. A prevalence of 7.9% substandard or falsified (SF) medicines was found. Moreover, the prevalence of outlets selling SF medicines was greater in the informal sector (26.7%) than in the formal sector (2.6%). Although the prevalence of SF medicines found was low, efforts need to be made by national regulatory authorities to monitor the pharmaceutical market more closely.