bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The XXIst century skills in teaching Russian as a foreign language
Authors: Шамонина Г.Н. 
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается процесс формирования и развития гибких навыков студентов международного профиля в процессе обучения РКИ по проектной технологии. Автор показывает, что для их развития необходимо создание психолого-педагогических условий успеха, применение инновационных технологий и целенаправленная работа в процессе коллективной подготовки различных проектов. Даются практические рекомендации по организации самостоятельной проектной деятельности, предусматривающие коллективную форму работы с целью развития таких гибких навыков, как креативность, сотрудничество, лидерство, коммуникабельность, умение работать с информацией, решение задач межличностного взаимодействия и толерантность.
The article is focused on the process of soft skills formation and development in the students of international relationships majors in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL) using project work. The author highlights that their development is closely related to the creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions for success, the use of innovative technologies and purposeful work in the process of collective preparation of various projects. Practical recommendations on the organization of independent project activities are given, providing a collective form of work in order to develop such soft skills as creativity, cooperation, leadership, sociability, the ability to work with information, solving problems of interpersonal interaction and tolerance.
SUBJECT AND NON-SUBJECT CONSTRUCTIONS IN NON-FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Authors: Роговнева Ю.В. 
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируются предикативные единицы, входящие в нефикциональные тексты – рекламные описания товаров в интернет-каталогах. Типовое значение качества, регулярное для описательных текстов, представляется в моделях как с выраженным, так и с невыраженным субъектом. Говорящий не эксплицирует субъект в тех случаях, когда характеризует описываемый товар в целом, экспликация субъекта представлена в моделях, где описывается часть целого предмета. Востребованность таких моделей в указанных текстах позволяет по-новому взглянуть на закрепившуюся в русистике теорию односоставных и неполных предложений.
The article analyzes predicative units included in non-functional texts – advertising descriptions of goods in online catalogs. A typical quality value, regular for descriptive texts, is represented in models with both a pronounced and an unexpressed subject. The speaker does not explicate the subject in those cases when he characterizes the described product as a whole, the explication of the subject is presented in models where a part of the whole object is described. The relevance of such models in these texts allows us to take a fresh look at the theory of one-part and incomplete sentences that has become entrenched in Russian studies.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A FACTOR OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF FOREIGN CITIZENS IN BELARUS
Authors: Короткевич И.И. 
Published: March 2022

В учреждениях высшего образования Республики Беларусь в настоящее время для иностранных студентов разработано значительное количество образовательных программ на русском языке. Обучение на русском языке позволяет иностранным выпускникам, получившим дипломы учреждений высшего образования Республики Беларусь, развиваться в профессиональном плане. Русский язык для иностранных студентов в Беларуси становится средством их будущего профессионального развития.
At present, higher education institutions of the Republic of Belarus have developed a significant number of educational programs in Russian for foreign students. Education in Russian allows foreign graduates who have received diplomas from higher education institutions of the Republic of Belarus to develop professionally. The Russian language for foreign students in Belarus is becoming a means of their future professional development.
STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF MAJORING LANGUAGE TRAINING COMPLEX FOR FOREIGN TECHNICAL PRE-MASTERS
Authors: Горбенко В.Д. 
Published: March 2022

Статья посвящена вопросу обучения языку специальности на этапе предвузовской подготовки иностранных слушателей, планирующих учиться в магистратуре. Описываются особенности данного контингента обучающихся, предпосылки разработки специальных предмагистерских программ и основные проблемы их реализации. Отмечается необходимость повышения степени корреляции изучае-мых на занятиях по русскому языку материалов с выбранными магистерскими программами. В качестве возможного способа повышения эффективности учебного процесса предлагается использование учебного комплекса по языку специальности для работы в условиях автономного режима. Описывается структура и содержание данного учебного комплекса, определяются критерии составления текстотеки. Описывается система заданий, представленная в рабочей тетради и направленная на формирование и совершенствование навыков восприятия текстов по специальности (зрительно и на слух), вычленения в них основной информации, ее письменной фиксации и устной передачи основного содержания. Особое внимание уделяется описанию алгоритма самостоятельной работы иностранного слушателя, позволяющего ему построить индивидуальную образовательную траекторию. Предлагается алгоритм действий преподавателя, направленных на контроль полученных учащимся результатов.
The article covers matters of majoring language study at the stage of pre-university training of foreign trainees planning to do the masters. It describes the features of this trainee body, prerequisite for development of special pre-masters programs and main problems of their implementation. The need to increase the degree of correlation of materials studied at Russian language classes with selected master's programs is noted. As a practicable method to improve the effectiveness of educational process, it is proposed to use majoring language training complex to work in standalone mode. The article describes the structure and content of this training complex. Criteria for compiling text library are defined. It describes the system of tasks presented in workbook and aimed at forming and improving skills of (visual and aural) perception of majoring texts, extraction of basic information from them, its written recording and oral communication of main content. Particular attention is paid to description of algorithm of independent work for a foreign trainee, which allows a trainee to build an individual educational path. An algorithm of teacher's actions aimed at monitoring results of the trainees is proposed.
MEMORIAL COLLECTION OF THE OUTSTANDING ACADEMICIAN AND SCIENTIST IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS V.G. KOSTOMAROV: CURRENT STATE, PERSPECTIVES OF STUDY AND PRESENTATION
Authors: Камышева С.Ю. , Филиппова А.А. 
Published: March 2022

В статье представлен анализ состава мемориальной коллекции выдающегося лингвиста В.Г. Костомарова и сформулированы первоочередные задачи музея, посвященного биографии и деятельности ученого.
The article is aimed at presenting an analysis of the composition of the memorial collection of the outstanding linguist V.G. Kostomarov. In addition, the authors examine the priority tasks of the museum dedicated to the biography and activities of the scientist.
A benzimidazole derivative as an effective antitumor agent in terms of syngeneic lung tumors and melanoma treatment
Authors: Komarova E. F. , Morkovnik A. S. , Zhukovskaya O. N. , Verenikina E. V. , Shevchenko N. A. , Khodakova D. V. , Kurbanova L. Z. , Mindar M. V. , Zaikina E. V. , Galina A. V. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study. Evaluation of the effect of the benzimidazole derivative dihydrobromide‑2-(3,4‑dihydroxyphenyl)- 9‑diethylamino-ethylimidazo-[ 1,2‑a] benzimidazole (RU‑185) on the growth of Lewis lung epidermoid carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma when administered intragastrically.Materials and methods. For the experiment, we used female C57Bl/6j mice, which were inoculated subcutaneously with syngeneic tumors: Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16-F10 melanoma. RU‑185 was administered intragastrically to animals in a volume of 0.3 ml for 10 days, 1 time per day. For both tumors, depending on single doses of the substance for administration, groups were divided: 1st and 4th – 50 mg/kg, 2nd and 5th – 220 and 3rd and 6th – 500 mg/kg. The control groups were injected intragastrically with physiological saline in the same volumes and according to the same scheme. The following parameters were assessed: tumor volume, increase in life expectancy (T/S, %) and tumor growth inhibition index (TGI, %).Results. For animals with LLC in the 2nd group there is an increase in the indicator of life expectancy (T/S 162.3 %), and in the 3rd group there is a tendency to an increase in the T/S indicator. On the 1st day after the end of treatment in the 2nd and 3rd groups TGI was 73.0 % and 30.1 %, respectively (р < 0.05). On the 7th and 14th days after the end of the use of RU‑185 in the 2nd and 3rd groups the volume of tumors is 3.5 and 1.4 times less (on the 7th day) and 2.3 and 1.3 times (on the 14th day), respectively than in the control group (р < 0.05). At a dose of 220 mg/kg, complete regression of LLC tumors was shown in 20 % of animals.With the growth of B16-F10, the life expectancy of all groups did not differ. Intergroup differences in the dynamics of tumor growth are provided. Highlighted changes were found in the 5th group (on the 14th day after the end of the administration of RU‑185, TGI was 48.7 %).Conclusion. The investigated chemical substance dihydrobromide‑2-(3,4‑dihydroxyphenyl)-9‑diethylamino-ethylimidazo- [1,2‑a] benzimidazole showed antitumor efficacy against syngeneic tumors: Lewis lung epidermoid carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma when administered intragastrically which leads to further testing of RU‑185 as a potential drug for the treatment of malignant neoplasms.
Surgical treatment of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma in children. Clinical experience
Authors: Kuznetsov S. A. , Kolesnikov E. N. , Shevchenko A. N. , Kozel Yu. Yu. , Mkrtchyan G. A. , Starzhetskaya M. V. , Bespalova A. I. , Pak E. E. , Yurchenko D. Yu. , Popovyan O. P. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study. Was to analyze our experience of surgical treatment of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma in children and the influence of radical surgical treatment on the disease outcomes.Materials and methods. The study included 35 patients (14 girls and 21 boys, mean age 3.3 years) receiving treatment for retroperitoneal neuroblastoma at the Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, in 2016–2018. 32 patients underwent surgical treatment. The disease progression during neoadjuvant polychemotherapy was registered in 3 patients. Initially, surgery was performed in 5 patients; the rest of the patients underwent percutaneous trepan biopsy with immunohistochemical testing and subsequent neoadjuvant polychemotherapy. No patients developed complications in the early postoperative period. In the article, we present our experience in the surgical treatment of pediatric patients with retroperitoneal neuroblastomas.Results. Patients have been observed during 12 to 24 months. 23 of 28 radically operated patients are alive and have no signs of the disease recurrence or progression. 2 patients developed tumor recurrence and received anti-recurrence PCT and DGT. Currently the patients are in remission. 3 patients showed systemic progression due to primarily advanced disease.Conclusion. Administration of modern surgical techniques and instrumentation allows radical surgical treatment for a large percentage of patients with locally advanced neuroblastoma.
Markers of structural and cellular renal damage in localized renal cell carcinoma before treatment
Authors: Frantsiyants E. M. , Ushakova N. D. , Rozenko D. A. , Popova N. N. , Rozenko A. D. , Shulga A. V. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to analyze parameters of molecular markers of structural and cellular renal damage in localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with determining the nature of the initial abnormalities in the kidney functional state before the treatment.Patients and methods. The study included 46 patients receiving elective surgical treatment for localized renal cancer in the Department of Oncourology, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology. The comparison group included the clinical and laboratory data of 13 healthy people comparable with the RCC patients in terms of age and gender. Cystatin C, IL‑18, KIM‑1, L-FABP, NGAL were determined in blood and urine in all patients.Results. Evaluation of the kidney functional state of RCC patients showed that the initial values of serum creatinine and the glomerular filtration rate were similar to the reference levels in healthy people, but statistically significant differences were found in the ratios of cystatin C concentrations in the blood and urine in all patients, compared with normal values. Determination of L-FABP indices in RCC patients showed that their levels were 2.5 times higher than normal values, and the urine concentration of IL‑18 was 1.7 times higher than normal values (p < 0.05). Blood and urine levels of NGAL and KIM‑1 did not differ significantly from the comparison group.Conclusions. The development of localized RCC is accompanied by the formation of tubulointerstitial dysfunction with impaired renal filtration capacity. All RCC patients showed elevated endogenous markers of structural and cellular renal damage – cystatin C, L-FABP, and IL‑18.
Potential of sonography in diagnosis of tongue tumors
Authors: Maksimova N. A. , Engibaryan M. A. , Ilchenko M. G. , Akopyan L. G. , Gurnak V. V. , Egorova A. S. , Cherkes M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of the study. An analysis of sonography potential in the primary diagnosis and clinical staging of tongue cancer.Patients and methods. The study included 18 patients aged 40–70 years with tongue tumors. The majority accounted males – 14 (77.7 %). Women were represented by 4 (22.2 %) examinees. Ultrasound examinations were performed using expert-class ultrasound systems with broadband linear multifrequency transducers. Transoral examination with linear transducers required tumor location in the anterior and lateral parts of the oral tongue. During ultrasound examinations we evaluated: tumor shape, tumor invasion depth; tumor sizes – width and thickness; tumor echogenicity and structure; tumor vascularization in Doppler modes. The results were compared with the data of histological examination.Results. Transoral ultrasound examination of patients with tongue cancer allows clear visualization of the tumor and assessment of it’s spread. The study showed that the round shape of tongue tumors prevailed in 13 (72.2 %) patients, the tumor echo structure in 10 (55.5 %) was heterogeneous, the contours were even and clear in the majority of patients – 13 (72.2 %), all tumors showed a reduced acoustic density, the depth of invasion ranged from 2 to 6 mm in 8 (44.4 %) patients and exceeded 6 mm in 6 (33.3 %) patients, which corresponded to stages III and IV of the diseas. Doppler ultrasonography recorded intense intratumoral blood flow in 100 % of cases. In 8 (44.4 %) cases, metastatic lesions of the cervical lymph nodes were observed.Conclusion. Transoral ultrasound diagnosis of tongue cancer is a highly informative, safe and modern method providing surgeons with information that helps in choosing the scope of surgical treatment and in determining the disease prognosis at the preoperative stage. The accuracy of the method was 87 %, the sensitivity was 85 %, and the specificity was 86.2 %.
The Type Icn SN 2021csp: Implications for the Origins of the Fastest Supernovae and the Fates of Wolf–Rayet Stars
Authors: Perley Daniel A. , Sollerman Jesper , Schulze Steve , Yao Yuhan , Fremling Christoffer , Gal-Yam Avishay , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Yang Yi , Kool Erik C. , Irani Ido , Yan Lin , Andreoni Igor , Baade Dietrich , Bellm Eric C. , Brink Thomas G. , Chen Ting-Wan , Cikota Aleksandar , Coughlin Michael W. , Dahiwale Aishwarya , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Hoeflich Peter , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Kulkarni S. R. , Lunnan Ragnhild , Masci Frank J. , Maund Justyn R. , Medford Michael S. , Riddle Reed , Rosnet Philippe , Shupe David L. , Strotjohann Nora Linn , Tzanidakis Anastasios , Zheng WeiKang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present observations of SN 2021csp, the second example of a newly identified type of supernova (SN) hallmarked by strong, narrow, P Cygni carbon features at early times (Type Icn). The SN appears as a fast and luminous blue transient at early times, reaching a peak absolute magnitude of −20 within 3 days due to strong interaction between fast SN ejecta (v ≈ 30,000 km s−1) and a massive, dense, fast-moving C/O wind shed by the WC-like progenitor months before explosion. The narrow-line features disappear from the spectrum 10–20 days after explosion and are replaced by a blue continuum dominated by broad Fe features, reminiscent of Type Ibn and IIn supernovae and indicative of weaker interaction with more extended H/He-poor material. The transient then abruptly fades ∼60 days post-explosion when interaction ceases. Deep limits at later phases suggest minimal heavy-element nucleosynthesis, a low ejecta mass, or both, and imply an origin distinct from that of classical Type Ic SNe. We place SN 2021csp in context with other fast-evolving interacting transients, and discuss various progenitor scenarios: an ultrastripped progenitor star, a pulsational pair-instability eruption, or a jet-driven fallback SN from a Wolf–Rayet (W-R) star. The fallback scenario would naturally explain the similarity between these events and radio-loud fast transients, and suggests a picture in which most stars massive enough to undergo a W-R phase collapse directly to black holes at the end of their lives.
Compositional Maps of the Lunar Polar Regions Derived from the Kaguya Spectral Profiler and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter Data
Authors: Lemelin Myriam , Lucey Paul G. , Camon Alex 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the challenging illumination conditions of the lunar polar regions, mineralogic maps have generally been constrained to within 0°–70°N/S. Here we generate a gridded reflectance data cube from the Kaguya Spectral Profiler measurements for each polar region and calibrate it to absolute reflectance using data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter. We use this data set to derive the first quantitative mineral maps of iron oxide (FeO), the optical maturity parameter (OMAT), and nanophase iron poleward of 50°N/S at a spatial resolution of 1 km pixel–1. We evaluate potential latitudinal trends in space weathering and optical maturity and characterize the polar geology, with an emphasis on the Artemis region (84°–90°S). The maps of FeO are in excellent agreement with the abundances measured by the Lunar Prospector and provide an increased level of detail, such as the excavation of high- and low-FeO material by De Forest crater. The OMAT maps offer a fantastic view of both polar regions. They highlight small fresh craters, walls, and central peaks, as well as rays extending through multiple degrees of latitude, such as those from Tycho and De Forest, which extend into the Artemis region. Both polar regions are characterized by the ubiquitous presence of noritic anorthosites and anorthositic norite. Low-calcium pyroxene is largely the dominant mafic mineral present. The Artemis region has relatively homogeneous FeO and plagioclase content at the observed spatial resolution. The lowest FeO values are found near Shackleton, between Shoemaker and Faustini, and on the central peak of Amundsen crater.
Ceftazidime-avibactam plus metronidazole vs. meropenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections: Indian subset from RECLAIM
Authors: Rodgers Prithi , Kamat Shweta , Adhav Charles 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: This study analyzes the safety and efficacy results of the Indian population subset from the RECLAIM trial investigating the non-inferiority of Ceftazidime-Avibactam (CAZ-AVI) plus metronidazole to meropenem and interprets its relevance.
Methodology: The study design, subjects inclusion criteria, dosage, safety and efficacy evaluations in Indian patients have been followed as per the RECLAIM trial protocol.
Results: A total of 142 Indian patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection were enrolled across eight centers in India, 125 of them were randomized to either CAZ-AVI + metronidazole (n = 62) or meropenem (n = 63) group. the clinical cure rates in modified intention-to-treat (MITT; all randomized patients who met minimum disease requirements and received any amount of study drug) and clinically evaluable (CE , patients who had an evaluable assessment and no protocol deviations) analysis sets, was numerically comparable to the results of overall population for CAZ-AVI + metronidazole [MITT: 82.5% (Overall, n = 429/520) versus 89.3% (Indian, n = 50/56); CE: 91.7% (Overall, n = 376/410) versus 97.8% (Indian, n = 45/46)] and meropenem [MITT: 84.9% (Overall, n = 444/523) versus 84.7% (Indian, n = 50/59); CE: 92.5% (Overall, n = 385/416) versus 95.5% (Indian, n = 42/44)]. No new safety findings were reported in the Indian population.
Conclusions: CAZ-AVI + metronidazole proved to be an effective option for critical patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection and can be considered as an alternative to carbapenems in the ICU setting for the treatment of resistant pathogens.
Factors associated with prolonged viral detection in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Lee Yong Hoon , Hong Chae Moon , Lee Taek Hoo , Hwang Yoon Jin , Kim Dae Hyun , Lee Jaetae 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Data on the clinical course and duration of viral RNA detection in patients with mild or asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 are limited.
Methodology: In this retrospective analysis, clinical characteristics and serial real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results were reviewed in a cohort of 1186 asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in South Korea. Factors associated with prolonged duration of RT-PCR positivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were also evaluated. Patients with two consecutive negative RT-PCR tests ≥ 24 hours apart were considered to be in virologic remission and discharged.
Results: The average virologic remission period, defined as the number of days from diagnosis to virologic remission, was 22.0 ± 9.7 days; patients with longer than 30 days accounted for 21.2% (251/1186) of the population. Patients who took longer than 30 days to achieve virologic remission had a higher frequency of overall symptoms (p < 0.001) and respiratory symptoms (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis using Cox-proportional hazard regression, it was confirmed that respiratory symptoms (hazard ratio [HR], 0.7372; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6540-0.8311) and gastrointestinal symptoms (HR, 0.8213; 95% CI, 0.6970-0.9679) were independent factors associated with prolonged virologic remission. Age and co-morbidity such as diabetes and hypertension were not associated with the prolonged RT-PCR positivity.
Conclusions: A considerable percentage of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 showed prolonged RT-PCR positivity for SARS-CoV-2; which was independently associated with the presence of symptoms, but not with age and co-morbidity.