bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the structure and electrical properties of a cuprammonium filament via coated graphene
Authors: Zhang Xinchao , Zhang Huanxia , Pan Danni , Wu Wen , Ma Hui , Cao Jianda , Xu Jia 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to determine whether application of graphene layers to cuprammonium filaments affords the latter with excellent mechanical properties and improves their electrical properties. At the same time, a circuit model was established to explore the conductive mechanism of the filament. The actual model is used to verify the correctness of the model.

Design/methodology/approach
The cuprammonium filaments were desizing, the graphene oxide layer-by-layer sizing and reduction integration process by a continuous sizing machine. The electrical properties of mono- and multifilaments in the static condition, as well as the dynamic–mechanical properties of multifilaments, were analysed, and the related conductive mechanism of the filaments was deduced.

Findings
Cuprammonium filaments coated with graphene layers showed good electrical conductivity, and their volume resistance decreased to 4.35 O·cm with increasing number of graphene coats. The X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the graphene layer treatment changed the crystallinity of the copperammonia filaments and improved the thermal stability of the filaments. In the dynamic case, filament resistance was calculated using the equivalent resistance model, and the fitting difference observed was small. This result confirmed the high fit of this circuit model.

Originality/value
Up to the knowledge from literature review, there are no reports on theoretical research on the relation between the electro-mechanical property and structure of conductive filaments.
Supercapacitors based energy storage system for mitigating solar photovoltaic output power fluctuations
Authors: Saripalli Bhanu Prakash , Singh Gagan , Singh Sonika 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Non-linear power–voltage characteristics of solar cell and frequently changing output due to variation in solar irradiance caused by movement of clouds are the major issues need to be considered in photovoltaic (PV) penetration to maintain the power quality of the grid. It is important for a PV module to always function at its maximum available power point to increase the efficiency and to maintain the grid stability. A possible solution to mitigate these generation fluctuations is the use of an electric double-layer capacitor or supercapacitor energy storage device, which is an efficient storage device for power smoothing applications. This study aims to propose a power smoothing control approach to smoothen out the output power variations of a solar PV system using a supercapacitor energy storage device.

Design/methodology/approach
To extract the maximum possible power from a PV panel, there are several maximum power points tracking (MPPT) algorithms developed in literature. Fuzzy logic controller-MPPT method is used in this work as it is a very efficient and popular technique which responds quickly under varying ecological conditions, reduced computational complexity and does not depend on any system constraints. Fuzzy logic-based MPPT controller by Boost DC–DC converter is developed for operating the PV panels at available maximum power point. Fuzzy logic-proportional integral (PI) charge controller is implemented by Buck–Boost converter to provide the constant current and suitable voltage for supercapacitor and to achieve better power smoothing. PI charge controller is preferred in this work as it offers better outcomes and is very easy to implement.

Findings
Simulation results conclude that the proposed power smoothing control approach can efficiently smooth out the power variations under variable irradiance and temperature situations. To confirm the accurateness of the proposed system, it is validated for poly-crystalline PV module and comparison of results is done by using different case study with and without the use of an energy storage system under change in irradiance condition. The proposed system is developed and examined on MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Originality/value
The performance comparison between PV power output with and without the use of a supercapacitor energy storage device under different Case Studies shows that the improved performance in smoothing of power output was achieved with the use of a supercapacitor energy storage device.
Top‐down cascading effects of seed‐feeding beetles and their parasitoids on plants and leaf herbivores
Authors: Cuny Maximilien A. C. , la Forgia Diana , Desurmont Gaylord A. , Bustos‐Segura Carlos , Glauser Gaetan , Benrey Betty 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

When feeding on a plant, herbivorous insects alter the quality of the plant as a food source. This affects other organisms interacting with the same plant. These so‐called ‘plant‐mediated interactions’ can be altered by parasitoids that attack the herbivores. So far, this research area has mainly focussed on interactions at the leaf level, and very little is known about plant‐mediated interactions via seeds. It is still poorly understood if seeds that survive insect damage have fewer resources to allocate to plant growth and defence against leaf herbivores, and whether parasitoids that kill seed‐feeding insects mitigate such negative effects.

Using seeds of wild lima bean plants Phaseolus lunatus, we studied the effect of the intensity of infestation by seed beetles Zabrotes subfasciatus and their parasitoids Stenocorse bruchivora on the following parameters under lab conditions: seed mass and germination, plant growth and defensive compounds (cyanogenic glycosides and flavonoids) and performance of a leaf herbivore species Spodoptera latifascia. In addition, we performed a field experiment using seeds with or without insect damage to investigate the consequences on plant performance and fitness in the wild.

Seed beetle infestation had an overall negative impact on seed germination. Lab experiments revealed that damaged seeds produced plants with slower growth and reduced concentration of defensive compounds, which increased the performance of the leaf herbivores. Effects of seed‐feeding on seed germination and plant growth were attenuated by parasitism, resulting in a net increase of the number of viable offspring. In the field, we observed that seed damage impaired germination, delayed flowering time and increased leaf herbivory.

Our results show that plant‐mediated interactions between insect herbivores are not limited to leaf herbivores, but extend to seed herbivores. In our study system, parasitoids had no apparent effect on these interactions, despite their strong beneficial effects on germination and plant performance. These findings confirm the long‐lasting consequences of indirect plant‐mediated interactions in a community‐wide ecological context. Furthermore, they contribute to a better understanding of the important but understudied effects of parasitoids on plant fitness.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A data‐driven approach to mitigating food insecurity and achieving zero hunger: A case study of West African countries
Authors: Ntiamoah Evans Brako , Li Dongmei , Ameyaw Bismark , Sarpong Daniel Bruce , Twumasi Ankrah Martinson , Nyamah Edmond Yeboah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study employed a data‐driven approach to analyze the long and short‐run nexus between food insecurity, climate and economic shocks, population growth, urbanization, and population displacement for all West African countries by using annual time series data spanning 2000–2016. While the results show a unidirectional causal relationship running from climate and economic shocks, population growth, and urbanization to food insecurity, there exists no causal relationship between population displacement and food insecurity. In accordance with the Sustainable Development Goal 2 of achieving zero hunger for sustainable development, we formulate long short‐term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm devoid of assumptions to forecast food insecurity for West African countries. Based on the result of our algorithm, we propose food insecurity mitigation pathways for the countries employed in this study. The food insecurity mitigation pathways reveal that strengthening current and future policies that mitigate food insecurity based on our projections is enough to mitigate the triggers of food insecurity in sustainable ways.
Multivitamin use and risk of preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Christiansen Cecilie Holm , Høgh Stinne , Rode Line , Schroll Jeppe Bennekou , Hegaard Hanne Kristine , Wolf Hanne Trap 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPreeclampsia is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is unclear whether multivitamin use reduces the risk of preeclampsia. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the association between multivitamin use and the risk of preeclampsia.Material and methodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from database inception to July 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control and cohort studies assessing the association between multivitamin use and risk of preeclampsia were eligible. Studies of treatment with a single micronutrient were excluded. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using random‐effects models. RoB2, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and GRADE were used to assess risk of bias and quality of evidence. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42021214153).ResultsSix studies were included (33 356 women). Only two RCTs were found, both showing a significantly decreased risk of preeclampsia in multivitamin users. These studies were not compatible for meta‐analysis due to clinical heterogeneity. A meta‐analysis of observational studies using a random‐effects model showed an unchanged risk of preeclampsia following multivitamin use (relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.69–1.03). The quality of evidence according to GRADE was very low.ConclusionsVery weak evidence suggests that multivitamin use might reduce the risk of preeclampsia; however, more research is needed. Large RCTs should be prioritized. The results of this review do not allow any final conclusions to be drawn regarding a preventive effect of multivitamin use in relation to preeclampsia.
Fruit tree phenology in traditionally managed versus protected forests in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Cosby Olivia G. , Bodos Vilma , Ragai Roslina , Van Deelen Timothy R. , McShea William J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCommunity‐managed forests (CF) bordering protected areas are critical to conservation in Borneo. Iban‐managed CF retain tree species characteristic of primary forests within pulau, remnant old growth forests conserved for harvesting forest products. However, the selective felling of large trees, and proximity to surrounding mixed‐use mosaic habitat, likely influence pulau structure and composition. Tropical Asian forests exhibit supra‐annual mast fruiting (3–7 years) and extended periods of fruit scarcity, but fruit trees encouraged and planted by communities, in mixed‐use mosaic bordering pulau, may benefit wildlife during periods of fruit scarcity. We investigated seasonal availability of foods important to wildlife within protected primary forest and pulau at the boundary of the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (LEWS), in Sarawak, Malaysia. We tracked the presence of fruits and seeds, comparing relative composition and fruiting activity between forests, using bi‐monthly phenology surveys across 50 locations (October 2016–2019). We also compared fruit presence along walking transects within LEWS’s primary forest and the mixed‐use mosaic in Iban territories. We found forests within and adjacent to LEWS shared similar composition, synchrony, and extended periods of fruit scarcity. Mixed‐use mosaic bordering pulau provided more consistent fruits, however, due largely to an invasive tree (Bellucia pentamera). Our study suggests pulau retain diversity and synchrony of fruit resources comparable to primary forest, sustaining valuable habitat for wildlife within the greater mixed‐use mosaic of traditional Iban land management practices. These findings are important for understanding resources available to wildlife outside of protected areas, and how CF contribute to conserving biodiversity.
Eta plastic correlation to evaluate crack tip opening displacement of pre‐cracked small punch test specimen using experimental data
Authors: Shikalgar Taslim D. , Dutta B. K. , Chattopadhyay J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new
correlation is proposed to evaluate the plastic component of crack tip opening displacement (
) of a pre‐cracked small punch test (known as p‐SPT) specimen by using load (
) versus load line displacement
experimental data. Through thickness pre‐cracked square‐shaped specimens are modeled for this purpose. The three crack sizes
considered for the present study are 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50. The elastic–plastic finite element simulations are performed to compute (
) data by varying Ramberg–Osgood hardening exponents as 5, 10, 15, and 20. In addition, one elastic perfectly plastic material behavior is also considered. After that, the FE data are used to calculate (a) CTOD (
) and (b) the plastic component of area under the (
) curves, that is,
. The proposed correlation of
for p‐SPT specimens as function of effective crack size
is then derived by plotting a best‐fit straight line over the data between
and
in nondimensional form. The usefulness of the proposed correlation is then demonstrated by applying the same to experimental data of p‐SPT specimens.
Extreme fire spread events and area burned under recent and future climate in the western USA
Authors: Coop Jonathan D. , Parks Sean A. , Stevens‐Rumann Camille S. , Ritter Scott M. , Hoffman Chad M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWildfire activity in recent years is notable not only for an expansion of total area burned but also for large, single‐day fire spread events that pose challenges to ecological systems and human communities. Our objectives were to gain new insight into the relationships between extreme single‐day fire spread events, annual area burned, and fire season climate and to predict changes under future warming.LocationFire‐prone regions of the western USA.Time period2002–2020; a future +2°C scenario.MethodsWe used a satellite‐derived dataset of daily fire spread events and gridded climate data to assess relationships between extreme single‐day fire spread events, annual area burned, and fire season maximum temperature, climate moisture deficit, and vapour pressure deficit. We then developed models to predict fire activity under a 2°C warming scenario.ResultsExtreme single‐day fire spread events >1,100 ha (the top 16%, >1 SD) accounted for 70% of the cumulative area burned over the period of analysis. The variation in annual area burned was closely tied to the number and mean size of spread events and distributional skewness towards more large events. For example, we identified 441 extreme events in 2020 that together burned 2.2 million ha across our study area, in contrast to an average of 168 per year that burned 0.5 million ha annually between 2002 and 2019. Fire season climate variables were correlated with the annual number of extreme events and area burned. Our models predicted that the annual number of extreme fire spread events more than double under a 2°C warming scenario, with an attendant doubling in the area burned.ConclusionsExceptional fire seasons like 2020 will become more likely, and wildfire activity under future extremes is predicted to exceed anything yet witnessed. Safeguarding human communities and supporting resilient ecosystems will require new lines of scientific inquiry, new land management approaches and accelerated climate mitigation efforts.
Left atrial strain is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with end‐stage renal disease: Findings from the Cardiac, Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in ESRD (CERES) study
Authors: Ayer Amrita , Banerjee Upasana , Mills Claire , Donovan Catherine , Nelson Lauren , Shah Sanjiv J. , Dubin Ruth F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe lack cardiovascular (CV) markers for patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and left atrial (LA) strain has not been studied definitively in this population. We examined associations of LA reservoir, conduit, and booster strain with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among stable patients with ESRD on dialysis.MethodsOne hundred and ninety patients in the Cardiac, Endothelial and Arterial Stiffness in ESRD study underwent echocardiography, including strain imaging. The primary outcome was 2‐year composite non‐fatal MACE or CV death. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression for LA strain measures, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS), E/e′ and LA volume index.FindingsMean ± SD LA reservoir strain was 24.1 ± 7.0%, and LA conduit strain 11.9 ± 5.1%. In age‐adjusted analyses, lower LA reservoir strain and LA conduit strain were associated with the primary outcome (HR per 1‐SD worsening LA strain parameter = 1.57 [95% CI 1.2–2.1], p = 0.003 and 1.68 [95% CI 1.2–2.3], p = 0.002, respectively). After adjusting for comorbidities, LA reservoir strain remained associated with the primary outcome and with deaths alone, and LA conduit strain with the primary outcome and hospitalizations alone (p < 0.05 for all). Associations of LA conduit strain were independent of LV GLS. Associations were stronger in participants with serum albumin <3.6 mg/dl (p for interaction 0.008).DiscussionLeft atrial reservoir strain and conduit strain were independently associated with MACE among patients with ESRD. Our study provides unique ascertainment of CV hospitalizations not attributed to missed dialysis, and LA conduit strain was a strong marker for this outcome.
Design of experiments in humanitarian logistics: facility decision making in disaster preparedness
Authors: Turkeš Renata , Sörensen Kenneth , Cuervo Daniel Palhazi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFacility planning is one of the critical decisions faced by humanitarian managers. Some managerial implications have been offered in the literature, but these are commonly derived from simple sensitivity analyses on individual instance characteristics and/or using a single case study, and as such can be misleading as they ignore important interactions between many disaster properties. We carried out a large experimental study that analyses the influence of different factors and their interactions on the choice of facility configuration for inventory pre‐positioning in preparation for emergencies. On the one hand, the outcomes of the study provide insights on the effect of the most important factor interactions on the facility decision‐making. On the other hand, the findings also demonstrate that the simple analyses might provide guidelines that are not robust across different disasters, and as such promote better experimental designs in the field of humanitarian logistics.
Structure and disorder in MgSiO3 glasses above megabar pressures via nuclear magnetic resonance: DFT calculations
Authors: Lee Sung Keun , Parq Jae‐Hyeon , Yi Yoo Soo , Lee Seoyoung , Kim Hyo‐Im , Lee Sang‐Mook , Yu Jaejun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe structural modifications in oxide glasses under extreme compression may account for the pressure‐induced increase in their mechanical toughness and rigidity, rendering potential for technological applications of the compressed glasses. High‐resolution solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance has provided a structural information regarding glasses by identifying how nuclear spins behave and interact with nearby elements. However, knowledge of nuclear spins resonance in oxide glasses under extreme pressure above 1 million atmospheres has not been available, making the origins of glass densification illusive. In this article, ab initio calculations of prototypical magnesium silicate glasses quantify how structural changes in glasses affect the nature of nuclear spin interactions at high pressure beyond megabars. The calculated results establish novel correlations between pressure‐induced evolution of atomic structures, such as oxygen and cation coordination numbers, bond angle and lengths, and structurally relevant nuclear magnetic resonance parameters for Mg, Si, and O in compressed oxide glasses above megabar pressures. The established correlations highlight that the nuclear spins in glasses can serve as a new indicator to the extreme densification paths. Pressure‐induced dispersion in nuclear spin parameters also reveals an overall increase in the topological entropy. This entropy gain may weaken glasses at an elevated pressure conditions, accounting for potential softening of the compressed glasses. The proposed relationships open a new window to the evolution of diverse complex glasses under extreme stress and compression with high‐resolution solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance.
Composition of landscape impacts the distribution of the main vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in southern Spain
Authors: Godefroid Martin , Durán José M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a harmful insect‐borne plant pathogen that causes severe diseases to major agricultural crops and many forest, ornamental and uncultivated plants. The pathogen, native to the Americas, has recently been detected in Europe, where it causes huge agricultural losses. The effect of landscape composition on the distribution of the vectors of the bacterium in Europe remains little explored. The present study aims at identifying how landscape composition impacts the distribution of the spittlebugs Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris, which can carry and transmit the pathogen to plants and are considered to be the main vectors of Xf in the Mediterranean region. During the period 2015–2018, we thoroughly sampled the distribution of both species in the southwest of Iberian Peninsula. We characterized landscape composition in the sampling area by computing landscape metrics and fitted multivariate analyses and species distribution models (SDMs) to investigate spittlebugs’ response to climate and landscape structure. High densities of Mediterranean agro‐forestry systems (named “dehesas” in Spanish), sclerophyllous vegetation and broad‐leaved forests in the landscape, were positively associated with the presence of P. spumarius. Conversely, the high density of coniferous vegetation in the landscape was positively associated with the occurrence of N. campestris. For P. spumarius, SDMs accounting for ecologically relevant landscape descriptors yielded better predictive accuracy than models relying on climate only. These results highlight the importance of considering landscape information when modelling pests’ distributions and provide practical information to design landscape‐informed monitoring plans to prevent the spread of Xf in Europe.