bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Levator Ani Subtended Volume: A Predictive Biomarker for Surgical Outcomes Following Native Tissue Apical Repair
Authors: Wyman Allison M. , Salemi Jason L. , Lai-Yuen Susana , Greene Kristie A. , Bassaly Renee , Kedar Rajendra , Hoyte Lennox 
Published: March 2022

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical utility of estimated levator ani subtended volume (eLASV) as a prospective preoperative biomarker for prediction of surgical outcomes.

Study Design
This is a prospective case-control pilot study. Patients were recruited and gave consent between January 2018 and December 2020. Surgical failure was defined by composite score. The eLASV was calculated for each patient based on a previously published algorithm. Descriptive statistics, Fisher exact test, log-binomial regression, area under a receiver operating characteristics, Bland-Altman plot, Lin coefficient, and κ coefficient were all performed for analysis.

Results
Fifty-one patients gave consent, 31 completed preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, 27 underwent surgery (uterosacral ligament suspension), and 19 followed up for 1-year examination. Five patients (26.3%) were defined as surgical failure with median eLASV volume of 57.0 (interquartile range, 50.1–66.2). Fourteen patients (73.7%) were defined as surgical success with median eLASV of 28.2 (interquartile range, 17.2–24.3). Eighty percent of the surgical failure group (4/5) had elevated volume of eLASV, where only 14.3% of the success group (2/14) had an elevated volume (P = 0.0173). No confounders were found and unadjusted log-binomial regression suggested that patients with a high eLASV were 8.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.2–61.9) times more likely to experience surgical failure compared with those with low eLASV. The c-statistic (area under a receiver operating characteristics) was high at 0.829 along with Lin concordance coefficient of 0.949 (95% confidence interval, 0.891–0.977) for continuous data between the 2 interrater observer teams.

Conclusions
In this small prospective pilot study, patients with elevated eLASV on a preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging were associated with an increased risk for surgical failure at 1 year regardless of age, body mass index, stage, or parity.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03534830
Hyperglycemia in nondiabetic adult trauma patients is associated with worse outcomes than diabetic patients: An analysis of 95,764 patients
Authors: Fakhry Samir M. , Morse Jennifer L. , Wilson Nina Y. , Waswick William A. , Garland Jeneva M. , Chipko John M. , Wyse Ransom J. , Elkbuli Adel , Dunne James , Litow Kyle J. , Duane Therèse M. , Fisher Chris , Shillinglaw William C. , Banton Kaysie L. , Biswas Saptarshi , Plurad David , Watts Dorraine D. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
The adverse impact of acute hyperglycemia is well documented but its specific effects on nondiabetic trauma patients are unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential impact of hyperglycemia on outcomes between diabetic and nondiabetic trauma inpatients.

METHODS
Adults admitted 2018 to 2019 to 46 Level I/II trauma centers with two or more blood glucose tests were analyzed. Diabetes status was determined from International Classification of Diseases—10th Rev.—Clinical Modification, trauma registry, and/or hemoglobin A1c greater than 6.5. Patients with and without one or more hyperglycemic result >180 mg/dL were compared. Logistic regression examined the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes on outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, Injury Severity Score, and body mass index.

RESULTS
There were 95,764 patients: 54% male; mean age, 61 years; mean Injury Severity Score, 10; diabetic, 21%. Patients with hyperglycemia had higher mortality and worse outcomes compared with those without hyperglycemia. Nondiabetic hyperglycemic patients had the highest odds of mortality (diabetic: adjusted odds ratio, 3.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.8–3.5; nondiabetics: adjusted odds ratio, 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 6.8–8.4). Hyperglycemic nondiabetics experienced worse outcomes on every measure when compared with nonhyperglycemic nondiabetics, with higher rates of sepsis (1.1 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001), more SSIs (1.0 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001), longer mean hospital length of stay (11.4 vs. 5.0, p < 0.001), longer mean intensive care unit length of stay (8.5 vs. 4.0, p < 0.001), higher rates of intensive care unit use (68.6% vs. 35.1), and more ventilator use (42.4% vs. 7.3%).

CONCLUSION
Hyperglycemia is associated with increased odds of mortality in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Hyperglycemia during hospitalization in nondiabetics was associated with the worst outcomes and represents a potential opportunity for intervention in this high-risk group.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management; Level III.
The association between food insecurity and gun violence in a major metropolitan city
Authors: Ali Ayman , Broome Jacob , Tatum Danielle , Fleckman Julia , Theall Katherine , Chaparro M. Pia , Duchesne Juan , Taghavi Sharven 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Food insecurity (FI) is an important social determinant of health that is associated with many forms of violence. We hypothesized that FI would be associated with gun violence.

METHODS
Firearm injury data was collected from 2016 to 2020 (n = 3115) at a single institution that serves as the only Level I trauma center in a major southern US city. The data were linked with Map the Meal Gap data, a publicly available data set, which estimates rates of county-level FI based on state-level FI and social determinants, including unemployment, poverty, disability, and other factors. Regression analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between FI with rates of overall gun trauma and odds of gun-related violence. Food insecurity by county of patient residence was categorized by rates less than the national average of 11.5% (low), between the national and state average (16.5%) (moderate), and greater than the state average (high). Out of state residents were excluded from the analyses.

RESULTS
Of the 3,115 patients with firearm injuries identified, 138 (4.4%) resided in counties with low FI rates, 1048 (33.6%) in moderate FI, and 1929 (62.0%) in counties with high FI. Patients in regions of high FI were more likely to be a Level I trauma activation, a victim of assault, and have Medicaid or be self-pay. There was no significant difference in mortality by levels of FI. Food insecurity was significantly associated with firearm injury, with each percent increase in FI being related to approximately 56 additional gun-related injuries per 100,000 people (95% confidence interval, 54–59) and increased odds of the injury classified as assault (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.19).

CONCLUSION
Violence prevention initiatives targeting food insecure communities may help alleviate the US gun violence epidemic. Further, trauma center screening for household FI and in-hospital interventions addressing FI may help reduce gun violence recidivism.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level IV.
Regulatory strategies to schedule threshold crossing of protein levels at a prescribed time
Authors: Nieto César , Ghusinga Khem Raj , Singh Abhyudai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe timing of diverse cellular processes is based on the instant when the concentration of regulatory proteins crosses a critical threshold level. Hence, noise mechanisms inherent to these protein synthesis pathways drive statistical fluctuations in such events’ timing. How to express proteins ensuring both the threshold crossing at a prescribed time and minimal timing fluctuations? To find this optimal strategy, we formulate a model where protein molecules are synthesized in random bursts of gene activity. The burst frequency depends on the protein level creating a feedback loop, and cellular growth dilutes protein concentration between consecutive bursts. Counterintuitively, our analysis shows that positive feedback in protein production is best for minimizing variability in threshold-crossing times. We analytically predict the optimal feedback strength in terms of the dilution rate. As a corollary to our result, a no-feedback strategy emerges as the optimal strategy in the absence of dilution. We further consider other noise sources, such as randomness in either the initial condition or the threshold level, and find that in many cases, we need either strongly negative or positive feedback for precise scheduling for events.
Bioinformatics and next generation sequencing data analysis to identify key genes and pathways influencing in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Vastrad Basavaraj , Vastrad Chanabasayya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurodegenerative disorder Identification of novel prognostic and pathogenesis biomarkers plays a pivotal role in the management of the PD. Next generation sequencing (NGS) dataset from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PD. Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichmental analyses were performed to elucidate the functional roles of the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI), modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were established. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to explore the diagnostic values of hub genes in PD. In total, 957 DEGs were identified, of which 478 were up regulated genes and 479 were down regulated genes. GO and pathway enrichment analysis results revealed that the up regulated genes were mainly enriched in nervous system development, cell junction, transporter activity and neuronal system, whereas down regulated genes were mainly enriched in response to stimulus, cell periphery, identical protein binding and immune system. The top hub genes in the constructed PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were OTUB1, PPP2R1A, AP2M1, PIN1, USP11, CDK2, IQGAP1, NEDD4, VIM and CDK1. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed that hub genes were having good diagnostic values. We identified a series of essential genes along with the pathways that were most closely related with PD initiation and progression. Our results provide a more detailed molecular mechanism for the advancement of PD, shedding light on the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Development and validation of a quantitative instrument for measuring temporal and social disorientation in the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Velasco Pablo Fernandez , Gurchani Umer , Perroy Bastien , Pelletreau-Duris Tom , Casati Roberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe developed a quantitative Instrument for measuring Temporal and Social Disorientation (ITSD), aimed at major crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Disorientation has been identified as one of the central elements of the psychological impact of the Covid-19 era on the general public, but so far, the question has only been approached qualitatively. This paper offers an empirical, quantitative approach to the multi-faceted disorientation of the Covid-19 pandemic by operationalising the issue with the help of the ITSD. The ITSD was developed through multiple stages involving a preliminary open-ended questionnaire followed by a coder-based thematic analysis. This paper establishes the reliability and validity of the resulting ITSD using a 3-step validation process on a sample size of 3306.
Global Epidemiology and Genetic Environment of mcr genes: A One Health Systematic Review of Current and Emerging Trends
Authors: Mmatli Masego , Mbelle Nontombi Marylucy , Osei Sekyere John 
Published: March 2022

Background: Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes modify Lipid A molecules of the lipopolysaccharide, changing the overall charge of the outer membrane. Methods: A systematic review of all studies published between January 2015 to July 2021 was performed. Included articles described mcr genes in the context of their genetic environment, fitness cost, crystal structure, their enzymatic activity and the risk factors associated with the acquisition of mcr. Studies describing the epidemiology of mcr genes and novel therapeutics were included.Results and Discussion: Ten mcr genes have been described to date within eleven Enterobacteriaceae species, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella species being the most predominant. They are present worldwide in 72 countries, with human specimens currently having the highest incidence. This is due to the wide dissemination of mcr in livestock animals, meat, manure, the environment, and wastewater samples, increasing the risk of transmission via foodborne, zoonotic, and vector-borne routes to humans. The stability and spread of mcr genes were mediated by mobile genetic elements such as the IncHI2 conjugative plasmid, which is associated with multiple mcr-variants and other antibiotic resistance genes. The cost of acquiring mcr is reduced by compensatory adaptation mechanisms. MCR proteins are well conserved via structurally. Hence, MCR-1 inhibitors and therapeutics should be applicable to all MCR proteins.Conclusion: Mcr genes have spread from animals into the clinical setting, threatening public health. Combination therapies are a promising option for managing and treating colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates whilst reducing the toxic effects of colistin.
Ammonium Sulfate Addition Reduces the Need for Guanidinium Isothiocyanate in the Denaturing Transport Medium Used for SARS-COV-2 RNA Detection
Authors: Liu Ge , Jia Jiaoyan , Zhong Jianfeng , Jiang Hanfang , Yang Yongqi , Lu Xiujing , He Zhendan , Zhu Qinchang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals through viral RNA detection followed by effective personal isolation remains the most effective way to prevent the spread of this virus. Large-scale RNA detection involves mass specimen collection and transportation. For biosafety reasons, denaturing viral transport medium has been extensively used during the pandemic. But the high concentrations of guanidinium isothiocyanate (GITC) in such media have raised issues around sufficient GITC supply and laboratory safety. Here, we tested whether supplementing media containing low concentrations of GITC with ammonium sulfate (AS) would affect the throat-swab detection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus or a viral inactivation assay targeting both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Adding AS to the denaturing transport media reduced the need for high levels of GITC and improved SARS-COV-2 RNA detection without compromising virus inactivation.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on the stabilization and osseointegration of dental implants: a systematic review
Authors: Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Galanis Petros , Diamantis Ioannis , Georgikopoulou Sofia , Katsoulas Theodoros , Katsimperi Elissavet , Konstantinou Evangelos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder leading to hyperglycemia, which causes various complications due to vasculopathy. Adequate dental rehabilitation including dental implants plays a key role in promoting the eating habits of diabetics and better metabolic control.AimWe performed a systematic literature review to investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the stabilization and osseointegration of dental implants.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Scopus until October 2021. We used the following inclusion criteria: (i) study population included diabetics type I or II, (ii) outcomes were the dental implant failure or resonance frequency analysis, (iii) studies that investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus on the stabilization and osseointegration of dental implants, (iv) studies that were published in English, (v) studies that were published in journals with peer review system, (vi) studies including humans and not animals, (vii) studies that compared diabetics with non-diabetics, and (ix) quantitative studies.ResultsTwenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Regarding implant failure, four studies found statistically significant more frequent implant failure in diabetics, while five studies found that implant failure was more frequent in diabetics but was not statistically significant. In contrast, ten studies found that implant failure was more frequent in non-diabetics but was not statistically significant. In addition, seven studies found that all diabetics and non-diabetics retained their implant during the study. In six studies that performed the resonance frequency analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between diabetics and non-diabetics. In three studies, the mean value of the implant stability quotient increased statistically significant in non-diabetics, while in three studies the mean value of the implant stability quotient increased statistically significant in diabetics.ConclusionsThe results of this review suggest that implant failure is not higher for diabetics than for non-diabetics. Diabetics seem to be able to achieve a rate of dental implants survival like that of non-diabetics. With regards to the resonance frequency analysis, no difference is found between diabetics and non-diabetics.
Analysis of Y Chromosome Haplogroups in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Grenn Francis P. , Makarious Mary B , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Iwaki Hirotaka , Singleton Andrew , Nalls Mike , Blauwendraat Cornelis ,   The International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium
Published: March 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is about 1.5 times more prevalent in males than females. Extensive work has been done to identify the genetic risk factors behind Parkinson’s disease on autosomes and more recently on chromosome X, but work remains to be done on the male specific Y chromosome. In an effort to explore the role of the Y chromosome in Parkinson’s disease we analyzed whole genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership - Parkinson’s disease initiative (1,466 cases and 1,664 controls), genotype data from NeuroX (3,491 cases and 3,232 controls) and genotype data from UKBiobank (182,517 controls, 1,892 cases, and 3,783 proxy cases) all consisting of male European ancestry samples. We classified sample Y chromosomes by haplogroup using three different tools for comparison (Snappy, Yhaplo, Y-LineageTracker), and meta-analyzed this data to identify haplogroups associated with Parkinson’s disease. This was followed up with a Y chromosome association study to identify specific variants associated with disease. We also analyzed blood based RNASeq data obtained from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership - Parkinson’s disease initiative (1,020 samples) and RNASeq data obtained from the North American Brain Expression Consortium (171 samples) to identify Y chromosome genes differentially expressed in cases, controls, specific haplogroups, and specific tissues. RNASeq analyses suggest Y chromosome gene expression differs between brain and blood tissues but does not differ significantly in cases, controls or specific haplogroups. Overall, we did not find any strong associations between Y chromosome genetics and Parkinson’s disease, suggesting the explanation for increased prevalence in males may lie elsewhere.
Characteristics and healthcare use of patients attending virtual walk-in clinics: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Salahub Christine , Bhatia R. Sacha , Desveaux Laura , Glazier Richard H. , Hedden Lindsay , Ivers Noah M. , Martin Danielle , Spithoff Sheryl , Na Yingbo , Tadrous Mina , Kiran Tara 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTImportanceVirtual walk-in clinics have proliferated since the onset of COVID-19. Yet, little is known about those who participate in this care model, and how virtual walk-in clinics contribute to care continuity and patient healthcare utilization.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics and healthcare use of patients using virtual walk-in clinics compared to the general population, and a subset that received any virtual family physician visit.DesignThis was a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study.SettingOntario, Canada’s most populous province.ParticipantsPatients who had received at least one family physician visit at one of 13 virtual walk-in clinics from April 1st to December 31st, 2020. They were compared to Ontario residents who had any virtual family physician visit in the same time period.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Patient characteristics and 30-day post-visit healthcare utilization.ResultsVirtual walk-in patients (N=132,168) had fewer comorbidities and lower previous healthcare utilization than Ontarians with any virtual visit. Less than 0.1% of virtual walk-in visits were with a patient’s own family physician. Compared to Ontarians having any virtual family physician visit, virtual walk-in patients were significantly less likely to have a subsequent in-person visit with the same physician (0.2% vs. 11.0%, SMD = 0.48), more likely to have a subsequent virtual visit (30.3% vs. 21.9%, SMD = 0.19), and twice as likely to have an emergency department visit within 30 days (8.3% vs. 4.1%, SMD = 0.18), an effect that persisted after adjustment and across rurality groups: large urban (aOR 2.26; 95% CI 2.08-2.45), small urban (aOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.99-2.18), and rural (aOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.69-2.07).Conclusions and RelevanceCompared to Ontarians attending any family physician virtual visit, virtual walk-in patients were less likely to have a subsequent in-person physician visit, but were more likely to visit the emergency department. Low continuity and the lack of physical examination may be contributing to increased emergency department utilization for virtual walk-in clinic patients.