bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Audit of Diagnostic Disparity between Intraoperative Frozen Section Diagnosis and Final Histopathological Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lesions at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Yadav Meghna , Sharma Pragya , Singh Vikram , Tewari Rohit , Mishra Prabha Shankar , Roy Kaushik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Evaluation of intraoperative squash smear and frozen section (FS) in central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms is consistently practiced for rapid assessment and has several advantages to its credence. It is an invaluable tool to ensure adequacy of tissue obtained to establish the diagnosis. Moreover, it aids in guiding the surgeon for critical decisions regarding the extent of resection. Although molecular markers have been integrated with morphology in the revised 2016 World Health Organization classification of brain tumors, precise morphological assessment still remains the foundation for the diagnosis and rapid intraoperative assessment of morphological details is equally critical and rewarding.
Objective This study aims to audit the diagnostic disparity between intraoperative diagnoses based on a combination of squash cytology and FS in cases of CNS lesions with gold standard, final diagnosis based on examination of formalin fixed paraffin embedded hematoxylin, and eosin-stained tissue sections.
Materials and Methods All intraoperative squash cytology and FS reported for CNS lesions from January 2017 to December 2020 were reviewed. The cases were categorized into three groups—group 1: when diagnosis of intraoperative diagnosis based on a combination of squash cytology and FS was same as the final histopathological diagnosis (concordant), group 2: partially concordant, and group 3: discordant cases.
Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics was used to classify the data and diagnostic accuracy was calculated.
Results Complete concordance was present in 69.96% (191/273) cases, 20.1% (55/273) cases showed partial concordance, and 9.89% (27/273) cases were discordant with histopathological diagnosis. Out of the 27 discordant cases, misclassification of tumor type was the most common category (11 cases, 40%), followed by grading mismatch (7 cases, 25.9%), and misdiagnosis of tumor versus nontumor conditions (9 cases, 33.3%).
Conclusion Our study shows that combination of intraoperative squash cytology and FS shows a high percentage of accuracy in arriving at intraoperative diagnosis in cases of intracranial lesions. Regular audits of discordant cases should be conducted by surgeons and pathologists as part of a quality assurance measure to sensitize themselves with the potential pitfalls, minimizing misinterpretation and helping in providing a more conclusive opinion to the operating surgeons.
Role of 99mTc-Mebrofenin Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Post Cholecystectomy Syndrome
Authors: Sowmya S. Durga , Gupta Amit , Narayan Manishi L. , Chauhan Udit , Jain Jaydeep , Singla Tanuj , Chennatt Jaine John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background Huge variation in the prevalence of post cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is because PCS can include a wide variety of disorders that can be both related and unrelated to cholecystectomy. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) is a noninvasive nuclear medicine scan that can evaluate a delay in the transit of bile from the hepatic hilum to the duodenum using a radiotracer 99mTc-Mebrofenin that can be associated with a functional ampullary obstruction. The aim of this study was to assess the role of 99mTc-Mebrofenin HBS in the detection of the cause of PCS among the patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
Methods Twenty-one patients who presented with PCS from September 2018 to February 2020 were included in the study. These patients were characterized based on history, examination, liver function test, and abdominal ultrasound. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) was diagnosed using the Rome 3 criteria and the Milwaukee classification. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy were done when indicated, to establish the diagnosis. These patients were further subjected to 99mTc-Mebrofenin HBS, and the findings were analyzed.
Results The most common symptom in PCS was biliary pain occurring in 85.7% of the patients. The average time of presentation since surgery was 1.9 years. The most common cause of PCS was SOD, occurring in 52.3% of the patients, followed by benign biliary stricture occurring in 23.8% of the patients. The mean bile duct (common bile duct) visualization time in patients with PCS was 25.2 minutes, the mean duodenal visualization time was 38.2 minutes, and the mean jejunal visualization time was 60.5 minutes. The mean bile duct to duodenum transit time was 12.7 minutes, while the mean bile duct to jejunum transit time was 30.1 minutes. HBS showed consistent findings with the final diagnosis made by other diagnostic modalities (clinical criteria/MRCP/intraoperative findings) in 80.9% of the patients.
Conclusion 99mTc-Mebrofenin HBS has a significant role in the evaluation of PCS.
A Comparative Study of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Asymmetry Index in Stroke Patients with or without Poststroke Depression Using 99mTc-ECD Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: Maurya Pradeep Kumar , Qavi Abdul , Deswal Satyawati , Singh Ajai Kumar , Kulshreshtha Dinkar , Thacker Anup Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Stroke is a major cause of death and disability around the globe. The development of depression following a stroke further increases the disability and impairs functional recovery. In recent decades, despite the advancement in structural and nuclear medicine imaging, the pathophysiologic basis of poststroke depression (PSD) is not well understood. Etiopathogenesis of PSD is multifactorial and afflictions of the frontal lobe, hippocampus, limbic region, and basal ganglia projections are implicated.
Aim The aim of this study was to assess the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with (PSD + ) or without PSD (PSD–).
Materials and Methods To evaluate the hemispheric asymmetry, the percentage of asymmetry index (AI) was calculated for frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, putamen, caudate, and thalamic regions of brain and compared between PSD+ and PSD–. The correlation between AIs over the different brain regions was also established in patients of PSD+ and PSD–. Our study cohort included 122 patients between 6 weeks and 1 year of stroke. Depression was present in 52 (42.6%) patients, assessed by hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and general health questionnaire-28 items (GHQ-28) scale. The 28 patients with PSD+ and 18 PSD– gave consent for SPECT study.
Results Our results are based on 46 patients who underwent SPECT study. In patients with PSD+ and PSD–, the HADS and GHQ-28 scores were 8.93 ± 2.77 vs. 3.94 ± 2.15 (p = 0.001) and 40.96 ± 9.48 vs. 17.72 ± 5.38 (p = 0.001), respectively. A significant difference in rCBF AI was found in the temporal lobe (p = 0.03) between patients of PSD+ and PSD–. On logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of rCBF AI for temporal lobe was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.99; p = 0.04) and caudate nucleus was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98; p = 0.03), which were statistically significant. PSD correlated with AI in temporal region (r = –0.03; p = 0.03) but did not show significant correlation with other regions of brain between PSD+ and PSD–.
Conclusion The presence of temporal lobe rCBF AI on SPECT is significantly associated with PSD. This may reflect the dysfunction of the limbic system and contribute to the occurrence of PSD.
Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Velaga Jyothirmayi , Liew Charlene , Choo Poh Angeline Choo , Lee Phong Teck , Lath Narayan , Low Shoen Choon , Bharadwaj Pushan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmyloidosis is a rare disorder where abnormal protein aggregates are deposited in tissues forming amyloid fibrils, leading to progressive organ failure. Although any organ can be affected, cardiac involvement is the main cause of morbidity and mortality associated with amyloidosis as diagnosis is often delayed due to the indolent nature of the disease in some forms. An early diagnosis of disease and knowledge of the type/subtype of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are essential for appropriate management and better outcome. Echocardiography is often the first line of investigation for patients suspected of CA and offers superior hemodynamic assessment. Although cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is not diagnostic of CA, it provides vital clues to diagnosis and has a role in disease quantification and prognostication. Radiolabeled bone seeking tracers are the mainstay of diagnosis of CA and when combined with screening of monoclonal light chains, bone scintigraphy offers high sensitivity in diagnosing transthyretin type of CA. This review aims to describe the noninvasive imaging assessment and approach to diagnosis of patients with suspected CA. Imaging features of echocardiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and CMR are described with a brief mention on computed tomography.
In Vitro Efficacy of Biocompatible Zinc Ion Chelating Molecules as Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor among NDM Producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Rudresh Shoorashetty Manohar , Ravi Giriyapura Siddappa , Raksha Yoganand 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective This article assesses the effectiveness of captopril, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin as metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) inhibitors against New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Escherichia coli.

Materials and Methods Twenty-four well-characterized carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates which produced NDM (n = 21) and Oxa-48-like enzymes (n = 3) were used to assess the inhibitors. The positive control organism was designed by cloning the NDM gene into pET-24a plasmid and transforming it into expression vector E. coli BL21. All the proposed inhibitors were assessed for their interaction with MBLs using checkerboard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay with imipenem and meropenem. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was calculated to assess the activity of molecules.
Results The E. coli BL21 (DE3) pET-24a-bla
NDM showed carbapenem resistance upon isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside induction and had MIC of 32 µg/mL for both imipenem and meropenem. For the test isolates, ∑FIC values of imipenem and meropenem with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ranged from 0.039 to 0.266 and 0.023 to 0.156, respectively. At a 256 µg/mL concentration, captopril had ∑FIC index value for imipenem and meropenem as 0.133 to 0.375 and 0.133 to 0.188, respectively. The tetracycline and ciprofloxacin in combination with meropenem/imipenem showed indifferent results.
Conclusion Among the three molecules tested, captopril had MBL inhibitory activity, but the concentration required for inhibition was beyond the therapeutic safety levels. Ciprofloxacin and tetracycline had weak or no MBL inhibitory activity. Checkerboard MIC of EDTA with carbapenem antibiotic and control organism with NDM enzyme production helped us create a reference system for comparing and assessing the results of potential MBL inhibitors in future.
Challenges Encountered and Pattern-Based Analysis of Bone Marrow Biopsy in Lymphomas: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Kalra Supreet Kaur , Sancheti Sankalp , Somal Puneet Kaur , Sali Akash Pramod , Sharma Aishwarya , Goel Alok , Jain Shivani , Dora Tapas Kumar , Gulia Ashish , Divetia Jigeeshu V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective The evaluation of bone marrow (BM) status is an integral part of the initial workup of patients diagnosed with lymphoma as it plays an important role in staging and predicting prognosis in these patients. This article determines the incidence and pattern of BM involvement in lymphoma cases and distinguishes benign from malignant lymphoid aggregates in BM biopsies.
Materials and Methods The study group included 121 cases of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas for which BM biopsies were performed, fixed in acetic acid-zinc formalin solution, decalcified using 10% formic acid, and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry.
Results The overall incidence of BM biopsy involvement in our study was 31.4% (37/118), including 34.7% (35/101) in cases of B cell lymphomas, 25% (2/8) in cases of T cell lymphomas, and no involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma. The predominant histological pattern of BM involvement was diffused (14/37; 37.8%), followed by interstitial (10/37; 27.1%). Five cases revealed benign nonparatrabecular lymphoid aggregates which could be confused with lymphomatous involvement, especially in low grade lymphomas.
Conclusion A careful examination of the BM biopsies along with clinical history, peripheral blood examination, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry will help in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy Using 177Lu-DOTATATE in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) in a Limited-Resource Environment
Authors: Kalantarhormozi Mohammadreza , Hassanzadeh Samaneh , Rekabpour Seyed Javad , Ravanbod Mohammad Reza , Jafari Esmail , Amini AbdulLatif , Dadgar Habibollah , Mahmoudpour Mehdi , Nabipour Iraj , Jokar Narges , Assadi Majid 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
Methods Sixteen patients with pathologically verified NETs including eight females and eight males were enrolled in this study. Before PRRT, the patients underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography or 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy for evaluation of somatostatin receptor expression. Response to treatment was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) classified as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD). In addition, for evaluation of toxicity, monthly blood analysis was performed including hematology, renal function (creatinine) test, and liver function test. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status performance was applied to estimate the patients' general condition in a scale of 0 (fully active) to 5 (dead). In addition, overall survival (OS) was calculated as the time interval from the start of PRRT to death from any reason.
Results Sixteen patients including eight females and eight males with a median age of 60.5 years (range: 24–74) were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent PRRT with a median cycle of 3.5 (range: 1–7) and a median dose of 20.35 (range: 7.4–49.95 GBq). At the end of data collection, PR, CR, SD, and PD were seen in 11, 2, 1, and 2 patients according to the RECIST, respectively. Three patients expired during or after the PRRT period. The median ECOG and Karnofsky Performance Scale was 1.5 and 75 before PRRT, which improved significantly to 1 and 80 after PRRT, respectively (p < 0.05). According to the Kaplan–Meier test, the median OS was 23 months (95% confidence interval: 7.90–38.09). According to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, three patients showed grade I and three patients showed grade II leucopenia. Furthermore, three and seven patients had grade II and grade I anemia, respectively.
Conclusion Since PRRT using 177Lu-DOTATATE has a favorable response rate and few adverse effects and improves the quality of life in NETs, it can be used as an effective therapeutic option, especially in nonoperative, metastatic, and progressive NETs.
Modeling and optimization of GaN-based betavoltaic batteries: Comparison of p–n and p–i–n junctions
Authors: Chen Ziyi , Zheng Renzhou , Lu Jingbin , Li Xiaoyi , Wang Yu , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yuehui , Cui Qiming , Yuan Xinxu , Zhao Yang , Li Haolin 
Published: August 2022

Nuclear battery is a promising long-life power source. Selecting semiconductors with high limit efficiency and appropriate device structures effectively improves their output performance. In this work, a GaN-based (hexagonal) betavoltaic battery with Ni63 source was simulated by Monte Carlo codes and COMSOL Multiphysics, and the energy converters, including p–n junction and p–i–n junction, were compared and optimized. We analyzed the effects of thickness and doping concentration of each region on the battery performances. The p-region and n-region thickness and doping concentration of the p–n junction-based battery are 0.5, 9.5 µm, 1017 cm−3, and Nd = 1016 cm−3, which can achieve 3.77% conversion efficiency, and the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and maximum output power density are 0.074 µA/cm2, 2.01 V, and 0.125 µW/cm2, respectively. For the p–i–n junction-based battery, when the thickness and the doping concentration of p-region, i-region, and n-region are 0.5, 3, 6.5 µm, 1017, 1014, and 1016 cm−3, respectively, the conversion efficiency, short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and maximum output power density are 5.03%, 0.099 µA/cm2, 2.0 V, and 0.167 µW/cm2, respectively. By comparing the output parameters of the two types of batteries, the results indicate that the p–i–n junction has a wider depletion region and better output performance compared with the p–n junction.
Research on the traceability method based on half symmetric superposition
Authors: Bao Jin , Duan Meimei , Li Jun 
Published: August 2022

In order to achieve high-accuracy self-calibration and traceability of electromagnetic standard voltage transformers, a measurement method that can be used for voltage ratio standard error voltage coefficients is proposed. Using two auxiliary standard voltage transformers, the error variation of the voltage transformer under different voltages can be obtained through three-step measurement. Compared with the traditional error voltage coefficient measurement method and international comparison, the feasibility of the method and the rationality of the uncertainty evaluation of the measurement results are verified. The self-calibration ratio difference measurement uncertainty of the 110 kV standard voltage transformer is better than 5 × 10−6, and the angular difference measurement uncertainty is better than 5 µrad. The method can be used to trace the source of standard devices up to 1000 kV power frequency voltage ratio, which have characteristics such as high accuracy and good stability.
Multiple perspectives on group work in a multilingual context
Authors: Storch Neomy , Zhao Helen , Morton Janne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Group assignments are widely used in higher education for a range of educational reasons. Although there is a large body of research on the merits of group work and factors that may contribute to successful group work, less is known about students’ and teachers’ perspectives, particularly when groups are composed of students from diverse linguistic backgrounds. The current qualitative study investigated students’ and teachers’ perspectives on group assignments in a Master of Applied Linguistics program offered by a leading research university in Australia. The program has predominantly English as an additional language (EAL) students. Teachers and students in four graduate subjects that involved group assignments were interviewed for their views and reflections. Analysis of the interview data revealed similarities and differences in perspectives in five main areas – group work benefits and challenges, group formation and assessment, and the need for pre-implementation training. The findings highlight the need for teachers to promote open discussion about the purposes and merits of group work, both pedagogical and social.
Wavefront error based tilt-to-length noise analysis for the LISA transmitted beam
Authors: Weaver Alexander Joseph , Mueller Guido , Fulda Paul J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) will open the signal-rich 100 μHz to 1 Hz gravitational wave window. LISA is expected to be limited by acceleration noise in the low frequency range and noise associated with the optical measurement system above a few mHz. Of the latter, apparent length changes due to spacecraft (SC) angular jitter are among the most critical contributors. One of the coupling mechanisms is via wavefront error in the transmitted beam. Utilizing a Zernike polynomial decomposition of such wavefront error, we introduce and explore the validity of extremely fast best fit polynomial expansion based noise recreation tools that provide a clear picture for which transmit beam perturbations couple most strongly with SC jitter into LISA noise.
Microplastics in the continuous biofilm reactor: Occurrence, fate, and removal
Authors: Nur A , Soewondo P , Setiyawan AS , Oginawati K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The occurrence of microplastics in a continuous biofilm reactor during the process over a period of 53 days poses a concern for the quality of the treated water. The aim of this study seeks to expand the knowledge of the dynamic of microplastics inside biofilm reactors by investigating their occurrence, fate, and removal. A 91.5 L continuous laboratory-scale reactor consists of four compartments, anoxic-1, anoxic-2, aerobic (A2O), and sedimentation. It was fed with raw domestic wastewater from a residential scale of the wastewater treatment plant in Bandung, Indonesia. In order to investigate the occurrence of microplastics inside a biofilm reactor, it is crucial to consider into account all treatment stages. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the influent and the final effluent were 810 MP/L and 10 MP/L respectively. The A2O process in this study demonstrated a high potential for microplastics removal from residential wastewater, in which it could be removed 99.18% of microplastics. The highest abundance was retained in the sludge. The remaining was found in the biofilm and in the final effluent. Microplastics less than 500 μm in size with the abundant microplastics types of fiber, and fragments were detected most frequently in the samples. Moreover, polyester (PES) and cotton were the dominant polymer types in the biofilm reactor detected by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR).
Properties of recycled hot asphalt mixture added with mastic asphalt component
Authors: Thanaya I N A , Ariawan I M A , Yudistira I D G R , Widiyarta I M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of natural aggregates can be reduced by utilizing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP). In field, there have been many simple recycling applications of RAP with addition of new asphalt and stone ash as road pavement on community housing areas. The objective of this experiment is to provide engineering properties of the mixture. Asphalt pen 60/70 was softened or rejuvenated with 11% SAE 10 engine oil, to obtain asphalt pen 180/200. The mixtures were produced by adding the RAP with 10% and 20% rock ash and soften asphalt, in hot mix process. The added asphalt content was varied by 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5% and 4% by weight of the RAP, and compacted at 2x50 Marshall blows. The mixture of RAP with 10% stone ash at 3% added asphalt gave better performances compared to the mixture with 20% stone ash, in which the stability value was 3380.5 kg, flow 3.08 mm, Marshall Quotient of 1097.65 kg/mm, VIM 3.077%, VMA 18.95%, VFB 83.84%, Cantabro 9.02%, ITSM 5422 MPa, creep slope 0.267, and fatigue with load of 700; 900; 1100 KPa failed at 6101; 1471; 831 load repetitions. The mixture well meet the specification for typical mixtures for low to medium trafficked roads.