bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modularity of RBC hitchhiking with polymeric nanoparticles: testing the limits of non-covalent adsorption
Authors: Lenders Vincent , Escudero Remei , Koutsoumpou Xanthippi , Armengol Álvarez Laura , Rozenski Jef , Soenen Stefaan J. , Zhao Zongmin , Mitragotri Samir , Baatsen Pieter , Allegaert Karel , Toelen Jaan , Manshian Bella B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRed blood cell (RBC) hitchhiking has great potential in enhancing drug therapy, by improving targeting and reducing rapid clearance of nanoparticles (NPs). However, to improve the potential for clinical translation of RBC hitchhiking, a more thorough understanding of the RBC-NP interface is needed. Here, we evaluate the effects of NP surface parameters on the success and biocompatibility of NP adsorption to extracted RBCs from various species. Major differences in RBC characteristics between rabbit, mouse and human were proven to significantly impact NP adsorption outcomes. Additionally, the effects of NP design parameters, including NP hydrophobicity, zeta potential, surfactant concentration and drug encapsulation, on RBC hitchhiking are investigated. Our studies demonstrate the importance of electrostatic interactions in balancing NP adsorption success and biocompatibility. We further investigated the effect of varying the anti-coagulant used for blood storage. The results presented here offer new insights into the parameters that impact NP adsorption on RBCs that will assist researchers in experimental design choices for using RBC hitchhiking as drug delivery strategy.
Artificial stem cells mediated inflammation-tropic delivery of antiviral drugs for pneumonia treatment
Authors: Qin Aiping , Chen Sheng , Li Songpei , Li Qizhen , Huang Xiaotao , Xia Luoxing , Lin Yinshan , Shen Ao , Xiang Andy Peng , Zhang Lingmin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunodeficiency individuals, including transplant recipients and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome patients. Antiviral drugs ganciclovir (GCV) and phosphonoformate (PFA) are first-line agents for pneumonia caused by herpesvirus infection. However, the therapy suffers from various limitations such as low efficiency, drug resistance, toxicity, and lack of specificity.

Methods
The antiviral drugs GCV and PFA were loaded into the pH-responsive nanoparticles fabricated by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and further coated with cell membranes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to form artificial stem cells, namely MPDGP. We evaluated the viral suppression effects of MPDGP in vitro and in vivo.

Results
MPDGP showed significant inflammation tropism and efficient suppression of viral replication and virus infection-associated inflammation in the CMV-induced pneumonia model. The synergistic effects of the combination of viral DNA elongation inhibitor GCV and viral DNA polymerase inhibitor PFA on suppressing the inflammation efficiently.

Conclusion
The present study develops a novel therapeutic intervention using artificial stem cells to deliver antiviral drugs at inflammatory sites, which shows great potential for the targeted treatment of pneumonia. To our best knowledge, we are the first to fabricate this kind of artificial stem cell to deliver antiviral drugs for pneumonia treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Heparanase is a prognostic biomarker independent of tumor purity and hypoxia based on bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry analysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yu , Song Tongjun , Li Kai , Liu Hao , Han Yan , Xu Tao , Cao Fengjun , Li Yong , Yu Yuandong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract with a poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is mainly composed of tumor cells, stromal cells, and immune cells and plays an important role in ESCC development. There are substantial differences in tumor purity among different parts of ESCC tissues, consisting of distinct immune and stromal cells and variations in the status of hypoxia. Thus, prognostic models of ESCC based on bioinformatic analysis of tumor tissues are unreliable.

Method
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) independent of tumor purity and hypoxia were screened by Spearman correlation analysis of public ESCC cohorts. Subsequently, the DEGs were subjected to Cox regression analysis. Then, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs using Cytoscape. Intersection analysis of the univariate Cox and PPI results indicated that heparanase (HPSE), an endo-β-D-glucuronidase capable of cleaving heparan sulfate side chains, was a predictive factor. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to reveal the potential function of HPSE, and single-cell sequencing data were analyzed to evaluate the distribution of HPSE in immune cells. Furthermore, a human ESCC tissue microarray was used to validate the expression and prognostic value of HPSE.

Result
We found that HPSE was downregulated in ESCC tissues and was not correlated with tumor purity or hypoxia status. HPSE is involved in multiple biological processes. ESCC patients with low HPSE expression in cancerous tissues exhibited poor prognosis.

Conclusions
These results indicate that low HPSE expression in cancerous tissues correlates with poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. HPSE is a novel prognostic biomarker independent of tumor purity and hypoxia status in ESCC.
Systematic review and critical methodological appraisal of community-based falls prevention economic models
Authors: Kwon Joseph , Squires Hazel , Franklin Matthew , Young Tracey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFalls impose significant health and economic burdens on community-dwelling older persons. Decision modelling can inform commissioning of alternative falls prevention strategies. Several methodological challenges arise when modelling public health interventions including community-based falls prevention. This study aims to conduct a systematic review (SR) to: systematically identify community-based falls prevention economic models; synthesise and critically appraise how the models handled key methodological challenges associated with public health modelling; and suggest areas for further methodological research.MethodsThe SR followed the 2021 PRISMA reporting guideline and covered the period 2003–2020 and 12 academic databases and grey literature. The extracted methodological features of included models were synthesised by their relevance to the following challenges: (1) capturing non-health outcomes and societal intervention costs; (2) considering heterogeneity and dynamic complexity; (3) considering theories of human behaviour and implementation; and (4) considering equity issues. The critical appraisal assessed the prevalence of each feature across models, then appraised the methods used to incorporate the feature. The methodological strengths and limitations stated by the modellers were used as indicators of desirable modelling practice and scope for improvement, respectively. The methods were also compared against those suggested in the broader empirical and methodological literature. Areas of further methodological research were suggested based on appraisal results.Results46 models were identified. Comprehensive incorporation of non-health outcomes and societal intervention costs was infrequent. The assessments of heterogeneity and dynamic complexity were limited; subgroup delineation was confined primarily to demographics and binary disease/physical status. Few models incorporated heterogeneity in intervention implementation level, efficacy and cost. Few dynamic variables other than age and falls history were incorporated to characterise the trajectories of falls risk and general health/frailty. Intervention sustainability was frequently based on assumptions; few models estimated the economic/health returns from improved implementation. Seven models incorporated ethnicity- and severity-based subgroups but did not estimate the equity-efficiency trade-offs. Sixteen methodological research suggestions were made.ConclusionExisting community-based falls prevention models contain methodological limitations spanning four challenge areas relevant for public health modelling. There is scope for further methodological research to inform the development of falls prevention and other public health models.
Systematic literature review of instruments that measure the healthfulness of food and beverages sold in informal food outlets
Authors: Medina Catalina , Piña-Pozas Maricela , Aburto Tania C. , Chavira Julissa , López Uzzi , Moreno Mildred , Olvera Armando G. , Gonzalez Citlali , Huang Terry T-K , Barquera Simón 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Informal food outlets, defined as vendors who rarely have access to water and toilets, much less shelter and electricity, are a common component of the food environment, particularly in many non-Western countries. The purpose of this study was to review available instruments that measure the quality and particularly the healthfulness of food and beverages sold within informal food outlets.

Methods
PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used. Articles were included if they reported instruments that measured the availability or type of healthy and unhealthy foods and beverages by informal food outlets, were written in English or Spanish, and published between January 1, 2010, and July 31, 2020. Two trained researchers reviewed the title, abstract and full text of selected articles; discrepancies were solved by two independent researchers. In addition, the list of references for selected articles was reviewed for any additional articles of relevance. The quality of published articles and documents was evaluated using JBI Critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies.

Results
We identified 1078 articles of which 14 were included after applying the selection criteria. Three additional articles were considered after reviewing the references from the selected articles. From the final 17 articles, 13 measurement tools were identified. Most of the instruments were used in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Products were classified as healthy/unhealthy or produce/non-produce or processed/unprocessed based on availability and type. Six studies reported psychometric tests, whereas one was tested within the informal food sector.

Conclusions
Few instruments can measure the healthfulness of food and beverages sold in informal food outlets, of which the most valid and reliable have been used to measure formal food outlets as well. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an instrument that manages to measure, specifically, the elements available within an informal one. These actions are extremely important to better understand the food environment that is a central contributor to poor diets that are increasingly associated with the obesity and Non-communicable disease (NCD) pandemic.
A reduction of Syndecan-4 in macrophages promotes atherosclerosis by aggravating the proinflammatory capacity of macrophages
Authors: Hu Jiaxin , Zhang Ying , Hu Liaoping , Chen Haiting , Wu Han , Chen Jianzhou , Xie Jun , Xu Biao , Wei Zhonghai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant cause of mortality worldwide and are characterized by severe atherosclerosis (AS) in patients. However, the molecular mechanism of AS formation remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of syndecan-4 (SDC4), a member of the syndecan family, in atherogenesis.

Methods and Results
The expression of SDC4 decreased in mouse severe AS models. Moreover, knockout of SDC4 accelerated high-cholesterol diets (HCD)-induced AS in ApoE−/− mice. Mechanistically, the decrease of SDC4 increased macrophage proinflammatory capacity may be through the PKCα-ABCA1/ABCG1 signaling pathway.

Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that SDC4 reduction links macrophages and inflammation to AS and that SDC4 in macrophages provides a therapeutic target for preventing AS formation.
The abnormal expression of circ-ARAP2 promotes ESCC progression through regulating miR-761/FOXM1 axis-mediated stemness and the endothelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Xu Pei , Wang Lei , Liu Qingtao , Gao Pengkai , Hu Fengqing , Xie Xiao , Jiang Lianyong , Bi Rui , Ding Fangbao , Yang Qi , Xiao Haibo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to a novel class of noncoding RNA that gained more attention in human cancer pathogenesis. The role of circRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is largely unclear. Present investigation was to characterize new circRNAs regulating ESCC progression and explore the regulatory mechanisms in ESCC. In this study, circRNAs differentially expressed in ESCC and adjacent normal tissues were characterized via high-throughput sequencing. Then the differentially expressed circRNA between ESCC and adjacent normal tissues were investigated using Rt-qPCR. The role of circ-ARAP2 expression on tumor progression were detected in both in vivo and in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the relationships among circ-ARAP2, microRNA (miR)-761 and the cell cycle regulator Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1). The result of the expression profile analyses regarding human circRNAs in ESCC demonstrated that circ-ARAP2 was up-regulated significantly in both ESCC tissues and cell lines. Downregulation circ-ARAP2 suppressed ESCC proliferation, tumor growth and metastasis in both in vivo and in vitro. The data also suggested that miR-761 and FOXM1 were circ-ARAP2 downstream targets which were confirmed through luciferase reporter analysis. Overexpression of FOXM1 or inhibiting miR-761 restored ESCC cell proliferation and invasion ability after silencing circ-ARAP2. The study also found that circ-ARAP2 influenced the endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells differently by regulating miR-761/FOXM1. In one word, the results demonstrated that abnormal circ-ARAP2 expression promoted ESCC progression by regulating miR-761/FOXM1 axis-mediated stemness and EMT.
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with primary effusion lymphoma in HIV infected MSM (men having sex with men) co-infected with pulmonary tuberculosis and syphilis: a case report from India
Authors: Bangar Sampada , Vashisht Rohit , Sonar Pratiksha , Ghule Kunal , Rawat Leena , Mane Arati , Kadam Abhijit , Chandhiok Nomita , Sahay Seema 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe a case of a 30-year-old MSM recently diagnosed with HIV, immunocompromised with a purplish or brown rash all over the body for 3 to 4 months. The histopathology of the cutaneous lesions and pleural effusion aspirate confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). While KS is one of the AIDS-defining illnesses seen in immunocompromised patients having low CD4 count, PEL is a rare and distinct subset of AIDS-related lymphoma. Despite the widespread availability of HIV testing, HIV diagnosis gets delayed due to stigma among MSM. This case report emphasizes the importance of early suspicion for symptoms of HIV-associated opportunistic infections in high-risk populations like MSM. The report reiterates the need for an ambient stigma-free environment for improving HIV screening in this high-risk population.
Puberty health intervention to improve menstrual health and school attendance among adolescent girls in The Gambia: study methodology of a cluster-randomised controlled trial in rural Gambia (MEGAMBO TRIAL)
Authors: Shah Vishna , Phillips-Howard Penelope , Hennegan Julie , Cavill Sue , Sonko Bakary , Sinjanka Edrisa , Camara Trawally Nyima , Kanteh Abdou , Mendy Francois , Bah Amadou B. , Saar Momodou , Ross Ian , Schmidt Wolf , Torondel Belen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Menstrual health (MH) is a recognised global public health challenge. Poor MH may lead to absence from school and work, and adverse health outcomes. However, reviews suggest a lack of rigorous evidence for the effectiveness of MH interventions on health and education outcomes. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used in a cluster-randomised controlled trial to estimate the effect of a multi-component intervention to improve MH and school attendance in The Gambia.

Methods
The design ensured half the schools (25) were randomised to receive the intervention which comprised of the following components: (i) Peer education camps and menstrual hygiene laboratories in schools, (ii) Mother’s outreach sessions, (iii) Community meetings, and (iv) minor improvements of school Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities and maintenance. The intervention was run over a three-month period, and the evaluation was conducted at least three months after the last intervention activity was completed in the school or community. The other 25 schools acted as controls. Of these 25 control schools one Arabic school dropped out due to COVID-19. The primary outcome was the prevalence of girls missing at least one day of school during their last period. Secondary outcomes included: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) symptoms, biochemical markers of UTI in urine, Reproductive Tract Infection symptoms, self-reported menstruation related wellbeing, social support and knowledge, perceptions and practices towards menstruation and MH in target school girls. In addition, a process evaluation using observations, routine monitoring data, survey data and interviews was undertaken to assess dose and reach (quantitative data) and assess acceptability, fidelity, context and possible mechanisms of impact (qualitative data). Cost and cost-effectiveness of the intervention package will also be assessed.

Conclusion
Results will add to scarce resources available on effectiveness of MH interventions on school attendance. A positive result may encourage policy makers to increase their commitment to improve operation and maintenance of school WASH facilities and include more information on menstruation into the curriculum and help in the reporting and management of infections related to adolescent menstruation.
Trial Registration PACTR, PACTR201809769868245, Registered 14th August 2018, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=3539
Total hip arthroplasty has higher complication rates in stiff spine patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Tsai Sung Huang Laurent , Lau Ngi Chiong , Chen Wei Cheng , Chien Ruei-Shyuan , Tischler Eric H. , Fu Tsai-Sheng , Chen Dave Wei-Chih 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) and spinal fusion (SF) classified as stiff spines have been associated with the increased rate of complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the differences between the two cohorts have inconsistent evidence.MethodsWe searched for studies comparing complications among stiff spine patients, including SF and AS, who underwent THA in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 2021. Studies detailing rates of mechanical complications, aseptic loosening, dislocation, infection, and revisions were included. We performed network meta-analyses using frequentist random-effects models to compare differences between cohorts. We used P-score to rank the better exposure with the lowest complications.ResultsFourteen studies were included in the final analysis. A total of 740,042 patients were included in the systematic review and network meta-analysis. Mechanical complications were highest among SF patients (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.86, 2.92,p < 0.05), followed by AS patients (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.87, 1.61,p = 0.82) compared to controls. Long Spinal Fusions had the highest aseptic loosening (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.83, 2.95,p < 0.05), dislocations (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.58, 4.10,p < 0.05), infections (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.73, 2.65,p < 0.05), and revisions (OR 5.25, 95% CI 2.23, 12.32,p < 0.05) compared to AS and controls. Our results suggested that SF with longer constructs may be associated with higher complications in THA patients.ConclusionsTHAs following SFs have higher mechanical complications, aseptic loosening, dislocations, and infections, especially with longer constructs. AS patients may have fewer complications compared to this cohort.
Low cervical vertebral CT value increased early subsidence of titanium mesh cage after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Mei Jun , Feng Xiaoning , Deng Chen , Tian Xuefeng , Lv Junqiao , Sun Lin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Study design
This study was a retrospective review.

Objective
To study the predictive effect of Hounsfield units (HU) value in the cervical vertebral body derived from computed tomography (CT) on the early titanium mesh cage (TMC) subsidence after anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF).

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent ACCF at one institution between January 2014 and December 2018. We collected date included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), disease type, surgical segment, whether merge ACDF, HU value of the vertebral body and endplate, vertebral body height loss, cervical lordosis angle, and cervical sagittal alignment. VAS, JOA, and NDI were used to assess clinical efficacy. Univariate analysis was performed to screen the influencing factors of TMC subsidence, and then logistic regression was used to find out the independent risk factors. The ROC curve and area under curve (AUC) were used to analyze the HU value to predict the TMC subsidence.

Results
A total of 85 patients who accepted ACCF were included in this study, and early titanium mesh cage subsidence was demonstrated in 29 patients. The subsidence rate was 34.1%. The JOA, VAS, and NDI scores significantly improved in both groups after the operation. Between the subsidence and non-subsidence groups, there were significant differences in age, intervertebral distraction height, and HU value in both upper and lower vertebral body and endplate. The logistic regression analysis proved that the HU value of the lower vertebral body was an independent risk of TMC subsidence, the AUC was 0.866, and the most appropriate threshold of the HU value was 275 (sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 79.3%).

Conclusion
Preoperative cervical CT value is an independent correlative factor for early TMC subsidence after ACCF, and patients with a low CT value of the inferior vertebral body of the operative segment have a higher risk of TMC subsidence in the early postoperative period.
Trial registration: This study is undergoing retrospective registration.