bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of classic laryngeal mask airway combined with a self-created adaptor in interventional bronchoscopy for pediatric patients: A case series and literature review
Authors: Song Xuesong , Yan Na , Zhao Zhuang , Li Zhiwen 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo verify the feasibility of classic laryngeal mask airways (cLMA) combined with self-created adaptors in the interventional bronchoscopy of subglottic lesions for pediatric patients.MethodsThree children who were diagnosed with upper airway lesions, subglottic stenosis (scar hyperplasia), and congenital laryngomalacia were respectively subjected to fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and therapeutic interventions. A classic laryngeal mask airway combined with a self-created adaptor was applied during the FOB procedures.ResultsIn our cases, the vocal cord, glottis, trachea, and lesions were easily exposed, which provided an effective ventilation or oxygenation for the patients. Furthermore, both surgeons and patients were comfortable with the technique. Vital signs were stable during the procedures, including blood pressure, heart rate, and the saturation of pulse oximetry.ConclusionBy retaining spontaneous breathing, the application of a classic laryngeal mask airway combined with a self-created adaptor is a feasible alternative method of airway management during FOB interventional procedures for pediatric patients.
MCI-frcnn: A deep learning method for topological micro-domain boundary detection
Authors: Tian Simon Zhongyuan , Yin Pengfei , Jing Kai , Yang Yang , Xu Yewen , Huang Guangyu , Ning Duo , Fullwood Melissa J. , Zheng Meizhen 
Published: November 2022

Chromatin structural domains, or topologically associated domains (TADs), are a general organizing principle in chromatin biology. RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) mediates multiple chromatin interactive loops, tethering together as RNAPII-associated chromatin interaction domains (RAIDs) to offer a framework for gene regulation. RAID and TAD alterations have been found to be associated with diseases. They can be further dissected as micro-domains (micro-TADs and micro-RAIDs) by clustering single-molecule chromatin-interactive complexes from next-generation three-dimensional (3D) genome techniques, such as ChIA-Drop. Currently, there are few tools available for micro-domain boundary identification. In this work, we developed the MCI-frcnn deep learning method to train a Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) for micro-domain boundary detection. At the training phase in MCI-frcnn, 50 images of RAIDs from Drosophila RNAPII ChIA-Drop data, containing 261 micro-RAIDs with ground truth boundaries, were trained for 7 days. Using this well-trained MCI-frcnn, we detected micro-RAID boundaries for the input new images, with a fast speed (5.26 fps), high recognition accuracy (AUROC = 0.85, mAP = 0.69), and high boundary region quantification (genomic IoU = 76%). We further applied MCI-frcnn to detect human micro-TADs boundaries using human GM12878 SPRITE data and obtained a high region quantification score (mean gIoU = 85%). In all, the MCI-frcnn deep learning method which we developed in this work is a general tool for micro-domain boundary detection.
Community livelihoods and forest dependency: Tourism contribution in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda
Authors: Akayezu Providence , Ndagijimana Isidore , Dushimumukiza Marie Claire , Bernhard Katie P. , Groen Thomas A. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionCommunities living adjacent to protected areas in Africa are characterized by high poverty rates and their well-being often depends on park resources. This often results in forest degradation and decline in wildlife populations, for example due to illegal hunting for bush meat. To counter this challenge in Rwanda, a tourism revenue sharing program was initiated in 2005, with 5% (doubled to 10% in 2017) of the park gate fees invested in community development projects. We evaluated the effectiveness of this tourism revenue sharing from 2005 to 2017, targeting communities adjacent to Nyungwe National Park located in south-western Rwanda.MethodsWe used questionnaires addressed to members of community associations and local government in 24 sectors around Nyungwe National Park. Additionally, data on illegal resource use and socio-economic status of the surrounding communities were obtained to quantitatively triangulate and draw insights from communities’perceptions. Using spatial analyses and spatial regression, we mapped trends in illegal activities relative to socio-economic characteristics.Results and discussionBoth the qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the tourism revenue sharing program has not fully succeeded in improving community well-being around Nyungwe National Park. The tourism revenue sharing can consider targeting areas that demonstrate more need and reassessing prioritization of interventions supported by the program to achieve both poverty reduction around Nyungwe National Park and improved conservation outcomes in this protected area.
Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of premature acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Qi , Shi Rui-Juan , Zhang Yi-Man , Cheng Yi-Heng , Yang Bo-Sen , Zhang Yi-Ke , Huang Bao-Tao , Chen Mao 
Published: November 2022

AimsTo investigate the risk factors, clinical features, and prognostic factors of patients with premature acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study of patients with AMI included in data from the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2011 to 2019 was divided into premature AMI (aged &lt; 55 years in men and &lt; 65 years in women) and non-premature AMI. Patients’ demographics, laboratory tests, Electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac ultrasound, and coronary angiography reports were collected. All-cause death after incident premature MI was enumerated as the primary endpoint.ResultsAmong all 8,942 AMI cases, 2,513 were premature AMI (79.8% men). Compared to the non-premature AMI group, risk factors such as smoking, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, and a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) were more prevalent in the premature AMI group. The cumulative survival rate of patients in the premature AMI group was significantly better than the non-premature AMI group during a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (HR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.22–0.32, p &lt; 0.001). Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (Adjusted HR 3.00, 95% CI 1.85–4.88, P &lt; 0.001), peak N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level (Adjusted HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18–1.52, P &lt; 0.001) and the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) (Adjusted HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.45–3.85, P = 0.001) were predictors of poor prognosis in premature AMI patients.ConclusionAMI in young patients is associated with unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Low LVEF, elevated NT-proBNP peak level, and the occurrence of in-hospital MACCEs were predictors of poor prognosis in premature AMI patients.
Sex differences in atrial remodeling and its relationship with myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bi Xuanye , Song Yanyan , Yang Chengzhi , Song Yunhu , Zhao Shihua , Qiao Shubin , Zhang Jinying 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the effect of sex on left atrial (LA) remodeling and its relationship with myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).Methods and resultsA total of 85 patients with HOCM were enrolled. Myocardial fibrosis was quantified by the collagen volume fraction (CVF) in myocardial samples. The early atrial peak of emptying rate (PER-E) was assessed by LA volume/time (V/t) curves derived from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging analysis. The PER-E index was PER-E normalized by left ventricular (LV) filling volume. Patients with HOCM showed a lower PER-E index than healthy controls (P = 0.027). Compared with men, the PER-E (P &lt; 0.001) and the PER-E indexes (P = 0.012) in women were lower. In CVF-stratified subgroups, a sex difference in the PER-E index was eliminated (P &gt; 0.05). The CVF was correlated with the PER-E and PER-E indexes in both sexes (all P-values were &lt;0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, sex (P = 0.007) and CVF (P &lt; 0.001) were independently correlated with PER-E (all P-values were &lt;0.05).ConclusionPatients with HOCM presented LA reverse remodeling. Impaired LA function was more common in female patients with HOCM due to their susceptibility to myocardial fibrosis.
Correlation between long-term use of metformin and incidence of NAFLD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world cohort study
Authors: Huang Kuang-Hua , Lee Chiu-Hsiang , Cheng Yih-Dih , Gau Shuo-Yan , Tsai Tung-Han , Chung Ning-Jen , Lee Chien-Ying 
Published: November 2022

Background and aimsStudies have demonstrated that the short-term use of metformin benefits liver function among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have reported on the effects of long-term metformin treatment on liver function or liver histology. This study investigated the correlation between metformin use and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among patients with T2DM.MethodsThis population-based study investigated the risk of NAFLD among patients with T2DM who received metformin treatment between 2001-2018. Metformin users and metformin nonusers were enrolled and matched to compare the risk of NAFLD.ResultsAfter 3 years, the patients who received &lt;300 cDDD of metformin and those with metformin use intensity of &lt;10 and 10–25 DDD/month had odds ratios (ORs) of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.16), 1.08 (95% CI = 1.02–1.13), and 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11–1.26) for NAFLD, respectively. Moreover, metformin users who scored high on the Diabetes Complications and Severity Index (DCSI) were at high risk of NAFLD. Patients with comorbid hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, and hepatitis C were also at high risk of NAFLD.ConclusionPatients with T2DM who received metformin of &lt;300 cDDD or used metformin at an intensity of &lt;10 and 10–25 DDD/month were at a high risk of developing NAFLD. The results of this study also indicated that patients with T2DM receiving metformin and with high scores on the DCSI were at a high risk of developing NAFLD.
Proteomic analysis reveals proteins and pathways associated with declined testosterone production in male obese mice after chronic high-altitude exposure
Authors: Wang Shuqiong , Wei Youwen , Hu Caiyan , Liu Fang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveObesity is common in highland areas owing to lifestyle alterations. There are pieces of evidence to suggest that both obesity and hypoxia may promote oxidative stress, leading to hypogonadism in males. These findings indicate an increased risk of hypogonadism in obese males following hypoxia exposure. However, the mechanisms underlying the disease process remain unclear. The current study aims to explore the mechanism of testosterone production dysfunction in obese male mice exposed to a chronic high-altitude hypoxia environment.MethodsAn obese male mouse model was generated by inducing obesity in mice via a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, and the obese mice were then exposed to a high-altitude hypoxia environment for 24 days. Sera and testicular tissues were collected to detect serum lipids, sex hormone level, and testicular oxidative stress indicators. Morphological examination was performed to assess pathological alterations in testicular tissues and suborganelles in leydig cells. Proteomic alterations in testicular tissues were investigated using quantitative proteomics in Obese/Control and Obese-Hypoxia/Obese groups.ResultsThe results showed that chronic high-altitude hypoxia exposure aggravated low testosterone production in obese male mice accompanied by increased testicular oxidative stress and histological damages. In total, 363 and 242 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the two comparison groups, Obese/Control and Obese-Hypoxia/Obese, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that several significant functional terms and pathways related to testosterone production were altered in the two comparison groups. These included cholesterol metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, oxidative stress responses, as well as retinol metabolism. Finally, 10 representative DEPs were selected for parallel reaction monitoring verification. Among them, StAR, DHCR7, NSDHL, CYP51A1, FDPS, FDX1, CYP11A1, ALDH1A1, and GPX3 were confirmed to be downregulated in the two groups.ConclusionsChronic hypoxia exposure could exacerbate low testosterone production in obese male mice by influencing the expression of key proteins involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, cholesterol biosynthesis, oxidative stress responses and retinol metabolism.
A radiomics nomogram for the ultrasound-based evaluation of central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wen Quan , Wang Zhixiang , Traverso Alberto , Liu Yujiang , Xu Ruifang , Feng Ying , Qian Linxue 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on ultrasound (US) to predict central cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsPTC patients with pathologically confirmed presence or absence of central cervical LN metastasis in our hospital between March 2021 and November 2021 were enrolled as the training cohort. Radiomics features were extracted from the preoperative US images, and a radiomics signature was constructed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen out the independent risk factors, and a radiomics nomogram was established. The performance of the model was verified in the independent test cohort of PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy and cervical LN dissection in our hospital from December 2021 to March 2022.ResultsIn the independent test cohort, the radiomics model based on long-axis cross-section and short-axis cross-section images outperformed the radiomics models based on either one of these sections (the area under the curve (AUC), 0.69 vs. 0.62 and 0.66). The radiomics signature consisted of 4 selected features. The US radiomics nomogram included the radiomics signature, age, gender, BRAF V600E mutation status, and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) status. In the independent test cohort, the AUC of the receiver operating curve(ROC) of this nomogram was 0.76, outperformingthe clinical model and the radiomics model (0.63 and 0.69, respectively), and also much better than preoperative US examination (AUC, 0.60). Decision curve analysis indicated that the radiomics nomogram was clinically useful.ConclusionsThis study presents an efficient and useful US radiomics nomogram that can provide comprehensive information to assist clinicians in the individualized preoperative prediction of central cervical LN metastasis in PTC patients.
Radiation exposure to nuclear medicine technologists performing a V/Q PET: Comparison with conventional V/Q scintigraphy, [18F]FDG PET and [68Ga]Ga DOTATOC PET procedures
Authors: Blanc-Béguin Frédérique , Damien Pascal , Floch Romain , Kerleguer Kévin , Hennebicq Simon , Robin Philippe , Salaün Pierre-Yves , Le Roux Pierre-Yves 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionVentilation/Perfusion (V/Q) PET/CT is an emerging imaging modality for regional lung function evaluation. The same carrier molecules as conventional V/Q scintigraphy are used but they are radiolabelled with gallium-68 (68Ga) instead of technetium-99m (99mTc). A recurrent concern regarding V/Q PET imaging is the radiation dose to the healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total effective dose and the finger dose received by the technologist when performing a V/Q PET procedure, and to compare them with the radiations doses received with conventional V/Q scintigraphy, FDG PET and Ga DOTATOC PET procedures.Materials and methodsThe whole body dose measurement was performed 10 times for each of the evaluated procedures using an electronic personal dosimeter (ED). For V/Q PET and V/Q scintigraphy procedures, ventilation and perfusion stages were separately evaluated. Internal exposure was measured for ventilation procedures. Finger dose measurements were performed 5 times for each of the PET procedures using Thermoluminescence (TL) pellets.ResultsThe technologist effective dose when performing a V/Q PET procedure was 2.83 ± 0.67 μSv, as compared with 1.16 ± 0.34 μSv for conventional V/Q scintigraphy, 2.13 ± 0.77 μSv for [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC, and 2.86 ± 1.79 μSv for FDG PET procedures, respectively. The finger dose for the V/Q PET procedure was similar to the dose for a [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC scan (0.35 mSv and 0.32 mSv, respectively).ConclusionThe technologist total effective dose for a V/Q PET procedure is ~2.4 higher than the dose for a conventional V/Q scintigraphy, but in the same range than the radiation exposure when performing common PET procedures, both in terms of total effective dose or finger dose. These results should be reassuring for the healthcare workers performing a V/Q PET procedure.
Immunogenicity of inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in patients with chronic hepatitis B undergoing antiviral therapy
Authors: Wang Wen-Xin , Jia Rui , Song Jin-Wen , Zhang Xiaoning , Zhou Shuang-Nan , Wang Fu-Sheng , Fu Junliang 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect and its mechanisms of different antiviral agents on the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsA total of 125 patients with CHB receiving nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) monotherapy or combined with Peg-interferon-alpha (Peg-IFNα) therapy and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Adverse reactions (ADRs) and levels of neutralizing antibody (NAb), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and peripheral cytokines post-vaccination were analyzed.ResultsAll ADRs were tolerable in CHB patients. Overall, no significant difference was observed in the antibody levels between patients and HCs after two doses of vaccination. An inverse correlation between NAb, IgG titers and the days after two doses was found in non-IFN group but not in IFN group. Correspondingly, peripheral interferon-γ levels were significantly higher in IFN group than in non-IFN group. After a booster dose, NAb and IgG antibodies were maintained at high levels in NA-treated patients.ConclusionPeg-interferon-alpha-based therapy may be beneficial for maintaining the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CHB patients, which may be related to the high levels of IFN-γ induced by Peg-IFNα therapy. A booster dose can effectively recall the robust and long-lasting immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Identifying the neural marker of chronic sciatica using multimodal neuroimaging and machine learning analyses
Authors: Wei Xiaoya , Wang Liqiong , Yu Fangting , Lee Chihkai , Liu Ni , Ren Mengmeng , Tu Jianfeng , Zhou Hang , Shi Guangxia , Wang Xu , Liu Cun-Zhi 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionSciatica is a pain disorder often caused by the herniated disk compressing the lumbosacral nerve roots. Neuroimaging studies have identified functional abnormalities in patients with chronic sciatica (CS). However, few studies have investigated the neural marker of CS using brain structure and the classification value of multidimensional neuroimaging features in CS patients is unclear.MethodsHere, structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was acquired for 34 CS patients and 36 matched healthy controls (HCs). We analyzed cortical surface area, cortical thickness, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (REHO), between-regions functional connectivity (FC), and assessed the correlation between neuroimaging measures and clinical scores. Finally, the multimodal neuroimaging features were used to differentiate the CS patients and HC individuals by support vector machine (SVM) algorithm.ResultsCompared to HC, CS patients had a larger cortical surface area in the right banks of the superior temporal sulcus and rostral anterior cingulate; higher ALFF value in the left inferior frontal gyrus; enhanced FCs between somatomotor and ventral attention network. Three FCs values were associated with clinical pain scores. Furthermore, the three multimodal neuroimaging features with significant differences between groups and the SVM algorithm could classify CS patients and HC with an accuracy of 90.00%.DiscussionTogether, our findings revealed extensive reorganization of local functional properties, surface area, and network metrics in CS patients. The success of patient identification highlights the potential of using artificial intelligence and multimodal neuroimaging markers in chronic pain research.
Understanding creativity process through electroencephalography measurement on creativity-related cognitive factors
Authors: Yin Yuan , Wang Pan , Childs Peter R. N. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionNeurotechnology approaches, such as electroencephalography (EEG), can aid understanding of the cognitive processes behind creativity.MethodsTo identify and compare the EEG characteristics of creativity-related cognitive factors (remote association, common association, combination, recall, and retrieval), 30 participants were recruited to conduct an EEG induction study.ResultsFrom the event-related potential (ERP) results and spectral analysis, the study supports that creativity is related to the frontal lobe areas of the brain and common association is an unconscious process.DiscussionThe results help explain why some creativity-related cognitive factors are involved either more or less readily than others in the creative design process from workload aspects. This study identifies the part of the brain that is involved in the combination cognitive factor and detects the ERP results on cognitive factors. This study can be used by designers and researchers to further understand the cognitive processes of creativity.