bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to improve food waste management in hospitals through focussing on the four most common measures for reducing plate waste
Authors: Antasouras Georgios , Vasios Georgios K. , Kontogiorgis Christos , Ioannou Zacharias , Poulios Efthymios , Deligiannidou Georgia‐Eirini , Troumbis Andreas Y. , Giaginis Constantinos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHospitals have a responsibility to link human health and the environment, but food waste in hospitals has traditionally been much higher than in other areas of food supply. The cause of this situation has many negative impacts on health, economy, society, and environment. As a result, food waste has become a topic of discussion in hospital food departments. Part of this problem is plate waste, the served food that remains uneaten by patients. Given the magnitude of the food problem, this systematic review is aimed to identify the most common measures used to reduce plate waste in hospitals. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were comprehensively searched to identify food waste studies worldwide using related search terms. Many approaches have been recommended to increase patient food intake and minimise plate waste in hospitals. Up to date, the four most common include flexible portion sizes, increased food choices through selective menus, additional nutritional support and a better ordering and delivery system. Among them, the most used and effective are flexible portion sizes which may increase the ability of patients choosing their menus and upgrade ordering and delivery system by electronic format. In most studies, plate waste covers the most significant percentage of food waste produced in hospitals, while more than one approach is recommended to minimise it. In this aspect, further well‐design, multicenter, clinical studies are strongly required to highlight and establish novel and effective approaches for improving food waste management in hospitals by reducing plate waste.
Mean population salt intake in Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pourkhajoei Sirous , Yazdi‐Feyzabadi Vahid , Amiresmaeili Mohamadreza , Nakhaee Nouzar , Goudarzi Reza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionHigh salt intake has been connected with the increase of many non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. Like other middle‐income countries, Iran is experiencing a considerable increase in NCDs, necessitating attempts to reduce dietary salt intake. As in Iran there is uncertainty about the existing rate of salt intake. The present study aimed to estimate mean salt intake of Iranian population by systematically reviewing existing literature.MethodsThis research is a systematic review and meta‐analysis (PRISMA Protocol) of published article data, with no time constraint until the end of 2020, to estimate mean salt intake of Iranian population. A comprehensive literature search was performed on international databases of Medline, Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Springer, Online Library Wiley, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar and domestic data bases of Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, and Medlib. Subgroup analysis was conducted for gender, region, measurement method, and age group. Research homogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistic. We reviewed all studies which met inclusion criteria. STATA Ver.13.1 was used to perform meta‐analysis.ResultsMeta‐analysis of data from 32 studies showed that the average salt intake in all ages was 9.674 g/day (95% CI, 9.033–10.316 g/day). The lowest estimation of salt intake was 9.33 g/day (95% CI, 7.75–10.91 g/day) which was estimated from studies which used point collection method, and the highest estimate using the food reminder questionnaire was 10.41 g/day (95% CI, 8.49–12.34 g/day). Also, the average weight salt intake for men over 18 years old in different cities was 10.39 g/day (95% CI, 9.01–11.78 g/day), for women over 18 years in different cities 9.52 g/day (95% CI, 8.42–10.62 g/day), and children and adolescents was estimated at 5.664 g/day (95% CI, 2.91–8.41 g/day).ConclusionThe intake of salt in the Iranian population is near twice the WHO recommendation. Therefore, it is necessary to consider effective strategies and interventions to reduce dietary salt intake in Iran as a health priority.
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Authors: Cui Yancheng , Zhong Qinghua , Sun Dawei , Chen Yan , Jiang Zhe , Yang Xiaodong , Shen Zhanlong , Sun Yunhua , Yin Mujun , Liang Bin , Zhu Xin , Guo Xuefeng , Ye Yingjiang 
Published: October 2022

The slide‐free, stain‐free multimodal multiphoton imaging provides rich morphological and chemical information about the tissue. Non‐destructive and automated qualitative and quantitative assessment of the pathological changes provides promising potentials for building a more standardizable system for the evaluation of the response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer.Further details can be found in the article by Yancheng Cui, Qinghua Zhong, Dawei Sun, Yan Chen, Zhe Jiang, Xiaodong Yang, Zhanlong Shen, Yunhua Sun, Mujun Yin, Bin Liang, Xin Zhu, Xuefeng Guo, Yingjiang Ye (e202200079)
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Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic activity of thymoquinone against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced experimental lung cancer
Authors: Nithya Gajendran , Santhanasabapathy Rajasekaran , Vanitha Manickam Kalappan , Anandakumar Pandi , Sakthisekaran Dhanapalan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that increased consumption of phytochemicals is a comparatively easy and practical strategy to significantly decrease the incidence of cancer. In the present study, we have reported the protective effect of a natural compound, thymoquinone (TQ) against benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)‐induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered twice weekly for four successive weeks and left until 20 weeks to induce lung cancer in mice. TQ (20 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as a pretreatment and posttreatment drug to determine its chemopreventive and therapeutic effects. B(a)P‐induced lung cancer‐bearing animals displayed cachexia‐like symptoms along with an abnormal increase in lung weight and the activities of marker enzymes adenosine deaminase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, 5′‐nucleotidase and lactate dehydrogenase; tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Furthermore, B(a)P‐induced animals showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with subsequent depletion in the antioxidant status and histological aberrations. These anomalies were accompanied by increased expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 in the lung sections derived from B(a)P‐induced animals. On TQ treatment, all the above alterations were returned to near normalcy. Furthermore, TQ administration in B(a)P‐induced animals downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway and induced apoptosis as evidenced by a decrease in cytochrome c, proapoptotic Bax, caspase‐3, and p53 with a parallel increase in antiapoptotic Bcl‐2. Our present results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of TQ as an antioxidant, antiproliferative, and apoptotic agent against B(a)P‐induced experimental lung tumorigenesis.
Ropivacaine inhibits proliferation and invasion and promotes apoptosis and autophagy in bladder cancer cells via inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Qiao Hui , Zhang Wei , Liu Pengfei , Zhu Ruilou , Zhang Jing , Gao Jing , Li Tianzuo , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractApplication of a certain concentration of local anesthetics during tumor resection inhibits the progression of tumor. The effects of ropivacaine in bladder cancer (BC) have never been explored. We explored the effects of ropivacaine on the progression of BC in vitro and in vivo. CCK8 assay and EDU staining was conducted to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and transwell assay were performed to evaluate apoptosis and invasion, respectively. Expression of light chain 3 (LC3) was observed through immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the xenograft tumor model of BC was built to detect the effects of ropivacaine in vivo. IHC and TUNEL assay were conducted to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis in vivo. Ropivacaine inhibited the proliferation of T24 and 5639 cells with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20.08 and 31.86 µM, respectively. Ropivacaine suppressed the invasion ability and induces the apoptosis of cells. Besides, ropivacaine triggers obvious autophagy in BC cells. Moreover, ropivacaine blocks the PI3K/AKT signal pathway in BC cells. The impact of ropivacaine on cell viability, motility, and autophagy was reversed by 740 Y‐P, the activator of PI3K/AKT signal pathway. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that ropivacaine inhibited the proliferation and mobility of BC. Ropivacaine has anti‐carcinoma effects in BC via inactivating PI3K/AKT pathway, providing a new theoretical reference for the use of local anesthetics in the treatment of BC.
Simultaneous analysis of 16 metal ions by ion‐pairing high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Kuok‐Fai , Syue Pai‐Chi , Lien Ching‐Yi , Ku Kuo‐Lung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMetal ions can be analyzed by ESI‐MS with chelating agents. However, matrix effect and the marginal difference in atomic weight of the isotopes of some metal ions make the analysis of a metal ion mixture not feasible. In this paper, we present the use of IP‐HPLC in conjunction with a metal ion chelating agent to analyze the metal ion mixtures. Hydrophobic (±)‐trans‐1,2‐cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (CDTA) was used to chelate 16 metal ions. The chelates were then separated by IP‐HPLC followed by ESI‐MS analysis. For IP‐HPLC, different combinations of primary amines and their salts were employed as the ion‐pairing reagent in eluent on a high‐pH resistant C‐18 column under basic conditions. For ESI‐MS, Q‐Exactive Focus system was used. Among the metal ions, the results indicated that Al3+ showed the lowest LOD (3.88 × 10−3 μM) while Zn2+ showed the highest (0.227 μM). The sensitivity was close to that of ICP‐AES. The coefficients of determination (R2) were greater than 0.995 except for Sr2+ (R2 = 0.9899), indicating the high accuracy of the method. Finally, this method was used to analyze the black soybean samples from two different sources. Eight metal ions were successfully identified with simultaneous detection of sugars, organic acids, and nucleotides.
Catalytic synthesis of sucrose‐6‐acetate by lipase in DMF composite solvent
Authors: Qian Junqing , Zhu Hanxiao , Shi Bobo , Huang Aomei , Gou Lihong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh selectivity, fewer reaction steps, and energy conservation are the most important advantages of the enzymatic synthesis of sucrose‐6‐acetate. To improve the enzymatic synthesis efficiency, a solvent system involving N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) for lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of sucrose‐6‐acetate was studied.RESULTSUsing Lipozyme TL IM as the catalyst, tert‐amyl alcohol was screened out as the auxiliary solvent and complexed with DMF at 1/1 (v/v) ratio. The optimized technology conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of sucrose‐6‐acetate in the above solvent system were as follows: 100 ml composite solvent with sucrose (2.0%, w/v), vinyl acetate (2.90 M), and Lipozyme TL IM (20 mg/ml) was oscillated at 160 rpm in a water bath at 45 °C for 16 h. The esterification rate and the 6‐position esterification rate of sucrose were 88.9 ± 1.3% and 94.2 ± 1.2%, respectively. Raising the sucrose concentration to 7.0% and reacting by mechanical stirring at 45 °C in 1000 ml composite solvent could also achieve ideal esterification effects (esterification rate: 87.2 ± 1.0%, 6‐position esterification rate: 90.7 ± 1.6%).CONCLUSIONSAs a reaction medium for the enzymatic synthesis of sucrose‐6‐acetate, the DMF/tert‐amyl alcohol solvent was significantly more efficient than the DMSO composite solvent reported in the literature; therefore, the studied solvent could be an ideal application prospect. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Immunopathology of chronic critical illness in sepsis survivors: Role of abnormal myelopoiesis
Authors: Rincon Jaimar C , Efron Philip A , Moldawer Lyle L 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSepsis remains the single most common cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients requiring intensive care. Although earlier detection and improved treatment bundles have reduced in-hospital mortality, long-term recovery remains dismal. Sepsis survivors who experience chronic critical illness often demonstrate persistent inflammation, immune suppression, lean tissue wasting, and physical and functional cognitive declines, which often last in excess of 1 year. Older patients and those with preexisting comorbidities may never fully recover and have increased mortality compared with individuals who restore their immunologic homeostasis. Many of these responses are shared with individuals with advanced cancer, active autoimmune diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic renal disease. Here, we propose that this resulting immunologic endotype is secondary to a persistent maladaptive reprioritization of myelopoiesis and pathologic activation of myeloid cells. Driven in part by the continuing release of endogenous alarmins from chronic organ injury and muscle wasting, as well as by secondary opportunistic infections, ongoing myelopoiesis at the expense of lymphopoiesis and erythropoiesis leads to anemia, recurring infections, and lean tissue wasting. Early recognition and intervention are required to interrupt this pathologic activation of myeloid populations.
Immunophenotyping characteristics of COVID‐19 patients: Peripheral blood CD8+ HLA‐DR+ T cells as a biomarker for mortality outcome
Authors: Mirsharif Ensie Sadat , Chenary Maryam Rajabnia , Bozorgmehr Mahmood , Mohammadi Saeed , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Ardestani Susan Kabudanian , Beigmohammadi Mohammad‐Taghi , Abdollahi Alireza , Sadeghipour Alireza , Kariminia Amina , Tuserkani Fatemeh , Ghazanfari Tooba 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe goal of this study was to identify biomarker(s) to assign risk of mortality in COVID‐19 patients to improve intensive care unit (ICU) and coronary care unit management. A total of 100 confirmed COVID‐19 patients admitted at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, were compared to 70 control subjects. Peripheral blood leukocyte was studied using staining reagents included CD3, CD4, CD8, HLA‐DR, CD19, CD16, and CD56. The immunophenotyping analysis was evaluated using the FACSCalibur instrument. To investigate the cell density of lung infiltrating T cells, postmortem slides of needle necropsies taken from the lung tissue of 3 critical patients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. The number of lymphocyte subpopulations was significantly lower in COVID‐19 patients than in the control group. Regarding the disease severity, the absolute count of T, NK, and HLA‐DR+ T cells were significantly reduced in severe patients compared to the moderate ones. The critical patients had a significantly lower count of CD8‐HLA‐DR+ T cells than the moderate cases. Regarding the disease mortality, based on univariate analysis, the count of HLA‐DR+ T, CD8− HLA‐DR+ T, and CD8+ HLA‐DR+ T cells was associated with mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the count of CD8+ HLA‐DR+ T cells is the best candidate as a biomarker for mortality outcome. Furthermore, pulmonary infiltration of T cells in the lung tissue showed only slight infiltrations of CD3+ T cells, with an equal percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulation in the lung tissue. These findings suggest that close monitoring of the value of CD8+ HLA‐DR+ T cells in COVID‐19 patients may be helpful to identify high‐risk patients. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed.
Biosynthesis of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxvalerate) from volatile fatty acids by Cupriavidus necator
Authors: Cai Fanfan , Lin Ming , Jin Wenxiong , Chen Chang , Liu Guangqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA promising strategy to alleviate the plastic pollution from traditional petroleum‐based plastics is the application of biodegradable plastics, in which polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have received increasing interest owing to their considerable biodegradability. In the PHAs family, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxvalerate) (PHBV) has better mechanical properties, which possesses broader application prospects. With this purpose, the present study adopted Cupriavidus necator to synthesize PHBV utilizing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as sole carbon sources. Results showed that the concentration and composition of VFAs significantly influenced the production of PHAs. Especially, even carbon VFAs (acetate and butyrate) synthesized only poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), while the addition of odd carbon VFAs (propionate and valerate) resulted in PHBV production. The 3‐hydroxyvalerate (3HV) contents in PHBV were directly determined by the specific VFAs compositions, in which valerate was the preferred substrate for 3HV accumulation. After optimization by response surface methodology, the highest PHBV accumulation achieved 79.47% in dry cells, and the conversion efficiency of VFAs to PHBV reached 40%, with the PHBV production of 1.20 ± 0.05 g/L. This study revealed the metabolic rule of VFAs converting into PHAs by C. necator and figured out the optimal VFAs condition for PHBV accumulation, which provides a valuable reference for developing downstream strategies of PHBV production in industrial applications in future.
High‐energy open‐fracture model with initial experience of fluorescence‐guided bone perfusion assessment
Authors: Demidov Valentin V. , Clark Megan A. , Streeter Samuel S. , Sottosanti Joseph S. , Gitajn Ida Leah , Elliott Jonathan Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐energy orthopedic injuries cause severe damage to soft tissues and are prone to infection and healing complications, making them a challenge to manage. Further research is facilitated by a clinically relevant animal model with commensurate fracture severity and soft‐tissue damage, allowing evaluation of novel treatment options and techniques. Here we report a reproducible, robust, and clinically relevant animal model of high‐energy trauma with extensive soft‐tissue damage, based on compressed air‐driven membrane rupture as the blast wave source. As proof‐of‐principle showing the reproducibility of the injury, we evaluate changes in tissue and bone perfusion for a range of different tibia fracture severities, using dynamic contrast‐enhanced fluorescence imaging and microcomputed tomography. We demonstrate that fluorescence tracer temporal profiles for skin, femoral vein, fractured bone, and paw reflect the increasing impact of more powerful blasts causing a range of Gustilo grade I–III injuries. The maximum fluorescence intensity of distal tibial bone following 0.1 mg/kg intravenous indocyanine green injection decreased by 35% (p < 0.01), 75% (p < 0.001), and 87% (p < 0.001), following grade I, II, and III injuries, respectively, compared to uninjured bone. Other kinetic parameters of bone and soft tissue perfusion extracted from series of fluorescence images for each animal also showed an association with severity of trauma. In addition, the time‐intensity profile of fluorescence showed marked differences in wash‐in and wash‐out patterns for different injury severities and anatomical locations. This reliable and realistic high‐energy trauma model opens new research avenues to better understand infection and treatment strategies. Level of evidence: Level III; Case–control.
The order of surgery and chemotherapy matters: Multimodality therapy and stage‐specific differences in survival in gastric cancer
Authors: Ramos‐Santillan Vicente , Friedmann Patricia , Eskander Mariam , Chuy Jennifer , Parides Michael , In Haejin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMultimodality treatment improves survival for gastric cancer (GC). However, the effect of treatment sequence by stage remains unclear. We aim to compare outcomes between patients receiving neoadjuvant(neoadj) and adjuvant chemotherapy (adj).MethodsNonmetastatic GC patients with clinical stage ≥ T2N0 who underwent both resection and neoadj or adj were identified using the National Cancer Database (2005−2014). Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed on propensity score‐matched (PSM) cohorts stratified by stage to compare overall survival (OS).ResultsWe identified 11 984 patients; 55% stage I (SI), 76% stage II (SII) and 57% stage III (SIII) received neoadj. Unadjusted analysis showed worse survival among SI neoadj patients (hazard ratio [HR] 1.195, confidence interval [CI] 1.04−1.38) and improved survival for SII (HR 0.93 CI 0.87−0.998) and SIII (HR 0.75, CI 0.68−0.84). After PSM, SI patients with neoadj had worse OS with increased risk of death compared to Adj (HR 1.186, CI 1.004−1.402). SII patients had no difference in OS (HR 0.98, CI 0.91−1.07) and SIII patients had improved OS (HR 0.78, CI 0.69−0.90).ConclusionsIn patients who received surgery and chemotherapy, the benefit of neoadj was limited to SIII with worse survival for SI. A clinical trial to examine the optimal sequence of chemotherapy is warranted.
High‐Throughput Multichannel Parallelized Diffraction Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator
Authors: Hu Zibo , Li Shurui , Schwartz Russell L. T. , Solyanik‐Gorgone Maria , Miscuglio Mario , Gupta Puneet , Sorger Volker J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConvolutional neural networks are paramount in image and signal processing, and are responsible for the majority of image recognition power consumption today, concentrated mainly in convolution computations. With convolution operations being computationally intensive, next‐generation hardware accelerators need to offer parallelization and high efficiency. Diffractive optics offers the promise of low‐latency, highly parallel convolution operations. However, thus far parallelism is only partially harvested, thereby significantly underdelivering in comparison to its throughput potential. Here, a parallelized operation high‐throughput Fourier optic convolutional accelerator is demonstrated. For the first time, simultaneous processing of multiple kernels in Fourier domain enabled by optical diffraction orders is achieved alongside input parallelism. The proposed approach can offer ≈100× speedup over the previous generation optical diffraction‐based processor and 10× speedup over other state‐of‐the‐art optical Fourier classifiers.