bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical metalenses: fundamentals, dispersion manipulation, and applications
Authors: He Yongli , Song Boxiang , Tang Jiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetasurfaces, also known as 2D artificial metamaterials, are attracting great attention due to their unprecedented performances and functionalities that are hard to achieve by conventional diffractive or refractive elements. With their sub-wavelength optical scatterers, metasurfaces have been utilized to freely modify different characteristics of incident light such as amplitude, polarization, phase, and frequency. Compared to traditional bulky lenses, metasurface lenses possess the advantages of flatness, light weight, and compatibility with semiconductor manufacture technology. They have been widely applied to a range of scenarios including imaging, solar energy harvesting, optoelectronic detection, etc. In this review, we will first introduce the fundamental design principles for metalens, and then report recent theoretical and experimental progress with emphasis on methods to correct chromatic and monochromatic aberrations. Finally, typical applications of metalenses and corresponding design rules will be presented, followed by a brief outlook on the prospects and challenges of this field.
Graphical abstract
Ti6Al4V/SiC Metal Matrix Composites Additively Manufactured by Direct Laser Deposition
Authors: de Rojas Candela C. Sánchez , Riquelme A. , Bonache V. , Rodrigo P. , Rams J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNowadays, research on additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy is growing exponentially but there are just a few studies about additive manufacturing of metal matrix composite components. In this work, highly reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix composites with SiC particles have been additively manufactured by direct laser deposition (DLD). Ti6Al4V powder and SiC particles have been deposited layer by layer to form an additive thin wall structure. The geometry, microstructure, and microhardness of the samples are strongly influenced by the laser scanning speed used during de fabrication process. In addition, the effect of the SiC increment in reinforcement concentrations and the influence of SiC particle sizes in the microstructure have been evaluated, and the reaction mechanisms have been established. The percentage of reinforcement measured is lower than expected due to the reinforcement-matrix reactivity that results in partially dissolved SiC particles and the formation of a TiC and Si5Ti3 ring around them. The size and number of particles and reaction products depend on the initial size and percentage of reinforcement and the DLD scanning speed. The higher the size and percentage of SiC particles and reaction products in the matrix, the higher the hardening effect of the composite matrix.
Graphic Abstract
Transferwissen von Lehrenden in der berufsbezogenen Weiterbildung: Entwicklung und Pilotierung eines Testinstruments
Authors: Koch Alisha , Wißhak Susanne , Spener Claudio , Naumann Alexander , Hochholdinger Sabine 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungTransfer gilt als zentrales Ziel berufsbezogener Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen. Obwohl Lehrende in der berufsbezogenen Weiterbildung Transfer anbahnen und unterstützen können, ist über ihr dafür benötigtes professionelles Wissen bislang wenig bekannt, und es fehlt an einem Messinstrument zu dessen Erfassung. Zu diesem Zweck entwickelten wir einen Test, welcher wissenschaftlich fundiertes Wissen über die Determinanten und die Förderung von Transfer erfasst. Der vorliegende Beitrag thematisiert die Entwicklung und Pilotierung des Instruments. Auf Basis der Item-Response-Theory (IRT) wurden die Testantworten von N = 105 Lehrenden skaliert und interpretiert. Die 32 Items zeigen eine gute Passung hinsichtlich des eindimensionalen Partial-Credit-Modells mit Infit-Werten zwischen 0,93 und 1,16. Die EAP/PV-Reliabilität liegt bei 0,81. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich Transferwissen mithilfe des Instruments operationalisieren und reliabel messen lässt.
Constructing all genus 2 curves with supersingular Jacobian
Authors: Pieper Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractL. Moret-Bailly constructed families $${\mathfrak {C}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {P}}^1$$

C
→

P

1

of genus 2 curves with supersingular Jacobian. In this paper we first classify the reducible fibers of a Moret-Bailly family using linear algebra over a quaternion algebra. The main result is an algorithm that exploits properties of two reducible fibers to compute a hyperelliptic model for any irreducible fiber of a Moret-Bailly family.
A network analysis to identify lung cancer comorbid diseases
Authors: Rustamaji Heru C. , Suharini Yustina S. , Permana Angga A. , Kusuma Wisnu A. , Nurdiati Sri , Batubara Irmanida , Djatna Taufik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCancer patients with comorbidities face various life problems, health costs, and quality of life. Therefore, determining comorbid diseases would significantly affect the treatment of cancer patients. Because cancer disease is very complex, we can represent the relationship between cancer and its comorbidities as a network. Furthermore, the network analysis can be employed to determine comorbidities as a community detection problem because the relationship between cancer and its comorbidities forms a community. This study investigates which community detection algorithms are more appropriate to determine the comorbid of cancer. Given different community findings, this study attempted to analyze the modularity generated by the algorithm to decide the significant comorbid diseases. We retrieved lung cancer comorbid data on the basis of text mining manuscripts in PubMed, searched through disease ontologies, and calculated disease similarity. We investigate 20 algorithms using five modularity metrics and 16 fitness function evaluations to determine the significant comorbid diseases. The results show the five best modularity algorithms, namely label propagation, spinglass, Chinese whispers, Louvain, RB Pots. These five algorithms found significant comorbidities: blood vessels, immune system, bone, pancreas, and metabolic disorders, atrial cardiac septal defect, atrial fibrillation respiratory system, interstitial lung, and diabetes mellitus. The fitness function justifies the results of the community algorithm, and the ones that have a significant effect are average internal degree, size, and edges inside. This study contributes to more comprehensive knowledge and management of diseases in the healthcare context.
Use of lures with a mix of sweet and fetid odors for catching Musca domestica L. in domestic environments
Authors: Guarino Salvatore , Caimi Marco , Abdulsattar Arif Mokhtar , Zito Pietro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera; Muscidae), is an insect closely associated with human activities in urban and rural environments and is thus a crucial factor in the transmission of various fecal–oral pathogens. The use of traps for monitoring and controlling these species in indoors is often limited by the fetid nature of the chemical attractants commonly used. A recent study demonstrated the attraction of houseflies to terpenoids, which are perceived by humans as a sweet odor. The aim of this study was to test pleasant smelling compounds such as terpinolene, α-terpinene and linalool mixed with others (acetic, butyric, isovaleric and hexanoic acid, indole and dimethyl trisulfide) known to attract houseflies to obtain a lure that could be acceptable in domestic environments. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory, using olfactometer, and in two rooms of 32 m3 and 108 m3, each resembling domestic environments using trap bioassays. The results showed that the volatile blend tested elicited attraction in the olfactometer and increased the number of flies captured by the traps. In the smaller room, the lure demonstrated efficacy for two weeks from the start of the experiment, while in the larger room the number of captured flies was higher than in the control traps only during the first week. The results confirmed the attraction of the flies to the traps baited with the blend, the application of the lures in domestic environments can be taken into consideration as a new alternative tool for trapping this pest.
Writing assessment in early primary classrooms: thoughts from four teachers
Authors: Mariano Elle , Campbell-Evans Glenda , Hunter Janet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt is important that teachers are conscious of and reflect upon their views of writing in order to support students to achieve writing outcomes. This study examined teacher views about which aspects of writing they considered most important in years one and two and explored how these views came to be formed. Four West Australian teachers participated in semi-structured interviews, during which they carried out a think-aloud process, voicing their thoughts as they examined, commented on, and evaluated young students’ writing samples. These data provided insights into their reasoning as they assessed children’s writing in years one and two. Findings revealed that participants focussed on the more surface-level, or secretarial aspects of writing, such as punctuation and ‘correct’ structure for the genre. The data indicated that teachers were particularly influenced by their knowledge of the contexts in which they worked, including knowledge they shared with colleagues, together with curriculum and systemic documents such as the Judging Standards materials supplied by the School Curriculum and Standards Authority (SCSA) or the NAPLAN marking guides. These results highlight how systemic assessments can shape teacher perceptions of writing more generally than the purpose for which they were originally intended.
Transition to school: children’s perspectives of the literacy experiences on offer as they move from pre-school to the first year of formal schooling
Authors: Cronin Lynette Patricia , Kervin Lisa , Mantei Jessica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe importance of children experiencing a successful transition to school is well established in research literature. Central to this is including the children themselves in the conversation about their learning and ensuring they develop a sense of fit and belonging to their new school environment. The findings shared in this paper sit within a larger study of examining children’s perspectives of their literacy experiences at the time of transition to school. This paper reports the perspectives of two children, firstly in their pre-school (prior-to-school) setting and then again in their Kindergarten setting (the first year of formal primary schooling in New South Wales). The study draws on the theories of literacy as a social practice and describes literacy as events and practices. Digital storytelling was used as the main data collection method to capture the children’s voices as they annotate images, describing their chosen literacy events in each educational setting. Findings revealed that whilst some children have a confident and successful initiation into the literacy events and practices of school, others may not. Herein are substantial messages, firstly, that we need to listen to children so we can support their transition to formal school and secondly that teachers need to better understand the literacy practices of children in pre-school to more effectively support them as they transition to Kindergarten.
A Corporate Governance Approach to Cybersecurity Risk Disclosure
Authors: Kiesow Cortez Elif , Dekker Martijn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article sheds light on cybersecurity risk disclosure practices, offering explanations based on the corporate governance literature. We argue that cybersecurity risk management poses particular challenges for corporations due to amplified agency problems. Cybersecurity risks are increasing in number and growing in complexity for companies worldwide. The financial sector in the Benelux region was already digitalising rapidly when, in 2020, enhanced remote-working requirements due to the COVID-19 pandemic further contributed to risk exposure. Substantiating our theoretical discussion, we present and discuss insights as to the most pressing cybersecurity risk management issues in the financial sector based on evidence from semi-structured interviews with Chief Information Security Officers/Chief Security Officers from financial sector leads in the Benelux region. We discuss contemporary factors that might induce management to dedicate more attention to cybersecurity. This apparent shift in companies’ approaches regarding cybersecurity is likely to encounter obstacles and should not be expected to be an even and linear process, given the challenges of processing and communicating information in an environment featuring high uncertainty and technical complexity as well as potentially misaligned incentives.
On the nonlinear viscosity of the orthotropic bulk rheology
Authors: Rathmann Nicholas M. , Lilien David A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe compare different ways the bulk flow nonlinearity of glacier ice can be captured in an orthotropic rheology. Specifically, we compare the unapproximated orthotropic rheology, derived from plastic potential theory, to existing approximations that assume either the nonlinear viscosity or fluidity is identical to that of Glen's isotropic flow law. We find, overall, a reasonable agreement between the three orthotropic rheologies, and with existing Dye 3 ice-core deformation tests, although assuming Glen's viscosity provides the best approximation to the unapproximated rheology. Our results therefore suggest that previous studies based on either approximation to the orthotropic rheology are on relatively safe ground in the sense that both approximations generally agree with the unapproximated rheology and experimental data. Finally, we provide the forward and inverse analytical forms of all three rheologies for use in future numerical ice-flow modelling.
A late-glacial lake-effect climate regime and abundant tamarack in the Great Lakes Region, North America
Authors: Griggs Carol B. , Lewis C.F. Michael , Kristovich David A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA unique regional climate progression, ca 14.2–11.5 cal ka BP, in the eastern Great Lakes region of North America is suggested by subfossil logs, high-resolution14C dates, and established proxy records in New York, USA. The progression began with a northern boreal-type climate ca. 14.2–13.1 ka coeval with the expansion of Lake Iroquois, a transition to a southern boreal-type climate ~13.1–12.9 ka that coincided with the transition of Lake Iroquois into progressively lower lake levels, and a continuation of the southern boreal-type climate ~12.9–11.5 ka. These conditions and changes are evident in the tree rings and relative dominance of tamarack (Larix laricina) and spruce species (Piceaspp.) plus the presence of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) as the only thermophilous species. Together they suggest variations in atmospheric moisture levels, surface winds, temperature extremes, and/or an enhanced seasonality over time. Here we propose that the evolution of the glacial Great Lakes and their interactions with ice sheets, meltwater, winds, and regional topography created a regional glacial lake-effect climate, 14.2–11.5 cal ka BP, that was opposite to the established warming Bølling-Allerød–cold Younger Dryas climate progression.
Record of three specimens of megamouth sharks – Megachasma pelagios – in tropical tuna purse seine fisheries in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
Authors: Diez Guzman , Ruiz Jon , Salgado Alex 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe observer programme onboard the Spanish tropical tuna purse seine fleet recorded the incidental catch of one adult megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios in December 2005 and two juvenile megamouth sharks in the eastern Atlantic in July 2016 and August 2018, respectively. The same fleet also bycaught an adult individual in December 2005 in the western Indian Ocean. The juveniles were caught relatively near to the coast, while the adult was caught in oceanic waters. The companion species in the fishing sets were elasmobranchs, tuna and billfish.
Risk for midlife psychosis in women: critical gaps and opportunities in exploring perimenopause and ovarian hormones as mechanisms of risk
Authors: Culbert Kristen M. , Thakkar Katharine N. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWomen show a heightened risk for psychosis in midlife that is not observed in men. The menopausal transition (i.e. perimenopause) and accompanying changes in ovarian hormones are theorized to account for this midlife increase in risk. This narrative review aims to empirically examine these theories by reviewing studies of midlife and perimenopausal psychosis risk in women and potential ovarian hormone mechanisms of effects. Clinical and pre-clinical studies examining the effects of midlife age, menopausal stage, and ovarian hormones across adulthood on psychosis risk were identified. Synthesis of this body of work revealed that the peak ages of midlife psychosis risk in women overlap with the age range of key menopausal stages (especially the perimenopausal transition), although studies directly assessing menopausal stage are lacking. Studies examining ovarian hormone effects have almost exclusively focused on earlier developmental stages and events (e.g. pregnancy, the menstrual cycle) and show increases in psychotic symptoms in women and female rats during periods of lower estradiol levels. Estrogen treatment also tends to enhance the effects of neuroleptics in females across species at various reproductive phases. Initial data are promising in suggesting a role for menopausal stage and ovarian hormones in psychosis risk. However, critical gaps in our knowledge base remain, as there is a tendency to rely on indirect and proxy measures of menopausal status and hormones. Opportunities for future research are discussed with the goal of increasing research in this critical area of women's health.
Urbanization impacts water quality and the use of microhabitats by fish in subtropical agricultural streams
Authors: Barrios Margenny , Teixeira de Mello Franco 
Published: May 2022

SummaryLand-use changes have negative effects on stream conditions and fish assemblages, but their effects on water quality and the use of microhabitats by fish in subtropical lowland streams are unclear. We evaluated the effects of urban patches (two urban streams) in an agricultural matrix (two ‘agricultural’ streams) on water quality, microhabitat diversity and fish assemblages, as well as the selection of microhabitat types by fish in the Arroyo Colorado basin (Uruguay). Physicochemical water parameters were measured, the fish sampled using electrofishing, microhabitat diversity, occupancy of microhabitats by fish and the most important microhabitat types for fish species were analysed. Agricultural streams presented higher water quality and microhabitat diversity, and most of the microhabitats were occupied by fish. Microhabitats with medium substrate sizes and running water prevailed in urban streams, while the presence of macrophytes, shallow waters and different substrate sizes were common in agricultural streams. The most important microhabitats used by fish species were not the most abundant, highlighting the fragility of streams resulting from the loss of appropriate conditions. Understanding how different degrees of deterioration in streams affect water quality and microhabitat–fish interactions is essential for the designing of effective monitoring and restoration programmes.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during phased access to vaccination: results from a population-based survey in New York City, September 2020–March 2021
Authors: Parrott Jannae C. , Annibale Ariana Maleki , Osahan Sukhminder , Alroy Karen , Caton Jo-Anne , Chernov Claudia , Dumas Sarah , Fowler Randal C. , Hermosi Gabriella , Hsin Yusyin , Perlman Sharon , Wu Jing , Hughes Scott , Gould L. Hannah , Schuster Anne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Repeated serosurveys are an important tool for understanding trends in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination. During 1 September 2020–20 March 2021, the NYC Health Department conducted a population-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence survey of 2096 NYC adults who either provided a blood specimen or self-reported the results of a previous antibody test. The serosurvey, the second in a series of surveys conducted by the NYC Health Department, aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence across the city and for different groups at higher risk for adverse health outcomes. Weighted citywide prevalence was 23.5% overall (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.1–27.4) and increased from 19.2% (95% CI 14.7–24.6) before coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines were available to 31.3% (95% CI 24.5–39.0) during the early phases of vaccine roll-out. We found no differences in antibody prevalence by age, race/ethnicity, borough, education, marital status, sex, health insurance coverage, self-reported general health or neighbourhood poverty. These results show an overall increase in population-level seropositivity in NYC following the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and highlight the importance of repeated serosurveys in understanding the pandemic's progression.
Outbreak of STEC O157:H7 linked to a milk pasteurisation failure at a dairy farm in England, 2019
Authors: Jenkins Claire , Bird Philippa K. , Wensley Adrian , Wilkinson Jarrod , Aird Heather , Mackintosh Adrienne , Greig David R. , Simpson Alex , Byrne Lisa , Wilkinson Rachel , Godbole Gauri , Arunachalam Nachi , Hughes Gareth J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In November 2019, an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 was detected in South Yorkshire, England. Initial investigations established consumption of milk from a local dairy as a common exposure. A sample of pasteurised milk tested the next day failed the phosphatase test, indicating contamination of the pasteurised milk by unpasteurised (raw) milk. The dairy owner agreed to immediately cease production and initiate a recall. Inspection of the pasteuriser revealed a damaged seal on the flow divert valve. Ultimately, there were 21 confirmed cases linked to the outbreak, of which 11 (52%) were female, and 12/21 (57%) were either <15 or >65 years of age. Twelve (57%) patients were treated in hospital, and three cases developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Although the outbreak strain was not detected in the milk samples, it was detected in faecal samples from the cattle on the farm. Outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease caused by milk pasteurisation failures are rare in the UK. However, such outbreaks are a major public health concern as, unlike unpasteurised milk, pasteurised milk is marketed as ‘safe to drink’ and sold to a larger, and more dispersed, population. The rapid, co-ordinated multi-agency investigation initiated in response to this outbreak undoubtedly prevented further cases.
Successful treatment of re-coarctation of the aorta with percutaneous stent placement via axillary artery access in a young patient
Authors: Çınar Ayşegül Aslan , Yücel İlker Kemal , Çelebi Ahmet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn patients with critical coarctation of the aorta, percutaneous balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement is usually performed via the femoral route. When femoral access is not suitable for intervention, the trans-axillary approach can be chosen as an alternative access. We hereby present the first case of a patient who had a successful percutaneous stent placement via trans-axillary access in our institution.