bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of radiological hazards from soil samples in the Northeastern area of Burkina Faso
Authors: Beogo Cedric E. , Cisse Ousmane I. , Zougmore Francois 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe activity concentrations of main naturally occurring radionuclides were determined with the aim of assessing the radiation hazards in the Northeastern part of Burkina Faso. Soil samples were taken and analyzed by the gamma-ray spectrometry method. The ranges of specific activity of 238U, 232Th and40K are $$15.25 \pm 2.59 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

15.25
±
2.59

Bq
·

kg

-
1

to $$109.57 \pm 3.21 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

109.57
±
3.21

Bq
·

kg

-
1

, $$19.56 \pm 1.65 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

19.56
±
1.65

Bq
·

kg

-
1

to $$44.88 \pm 2.49 \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

44.88
±
2.49
Bq
·

kg

-
1

and $$125.74 \pm 4.40 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

125.74
±
4.40

Bq
·

kg

-
1

to $$705.85 \pm 10.79 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

705.85
±
10.79

Bq
·

kg

-
1

respectively. Three high background radioactivity areas have been identified for Uranium, Thorium and Potassium on different places in the study area. The radiological hazards indices vary from $$62.87 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

62.87

Bq
·

kg

-
1

to $$189.47 \, \text{Bq} \cdot {\text{kg}^{-1}}$$

189.47

Bq
·

kg

-
1

for the Radium equivalent activity ($$Ra_{eq}$$

R

a

eq

), $$29.5 \, \eta \text{Gy} \cdot {\text{h}^{-1}}$$

29.5

η
Gy
·

h

-
1

to $$86.65 \, \eta \text{Gy} \cdot {\text{h}^{-1}}$$

86.65

η
Gy
·

h

-
1

for the absorbed dose rate ($$D_R$$

D
R

), $$0.18 \, \text{mSv} \cdot {\text{y}^{-1}}$$

0.18

mSv
·

y

-
1

to $$0.53 \, \text{mSv} \cdot {\text{y}^{-1}}$$

0.53

mSv
·

y

-
1

for the annual effective dose rate (AEDE), 0.21 to 0.81 for the internal hazard index ($$H_{in}$$

H

in

), 0.17 to 0.51 for the external hazard index ($$H_{ex}$$

H

ex

), $$1.27 \times 10^{-4}$$

1.27
×

10

-
4

to $$3.73 \times 10^{-4}$$

3.73
×

10

-
4

for the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) and $$209.01{\mkern 1mu} \mu \, 0.18{\mkern 1mu} Sv \cdot y^{{ - 1}}$$

209.01

μ

0.18

S
v
·

y

-
1

to $$594.21 \, \mu \text{Sv} \cdot {\text{y}^{-1}}$$

594.21

μ
Sv
·

y

-
1

for the annual gonadal dose equivalent. The average values of indices are well below their permissible limit. However, at Niapsi the obtained values for absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose rate and excess lifetime cancer risk are little above their permissible limit.
E-waste it wisely: lessons from Africa
Authors: Maes Thomas , Preston-Whyte Fiona 
Published: February 2022

AbstractE-waste is the world’s fastest growing and most valuable domestic waste stream. The increasing production of e-waste is driving elevated levels of export from developed to developing countries. Although countries worldwide are actively recognising the issues around e-waste and introducing policies, legislation or regulations governing e-waste, a large fraction of e-waste, goes undocumented at its end-of-life. Much of the global e-waste is accumulating in open dumpsites in several African countries. Using available data, we calculate the total e-waste in Africa (locally produced plus imported e-waste) for 2019 to be between 5.8 and 3.4 metric tonnes (Mt). This is believed to be an underestimate, large data gaps exist, hindering more precise estimates. The data is further complicated by, sometimes intentional, differences in labelling and reporting between formal and intermittent informal importers. Based on the available data, the main African recipients of e-waste are Nigeria, Ghana, and Tanzania, with Kenya, Senegal and Egypt featuring as countries of concern. The lack of proper waste management in the recipient developing countries, leads to environmental contamination and human exposure. A coordinated, regional and global, approach is needed in tackling e-waste. Regulatory frameworks, together with monitoring and compliance mechanisms need to be developed, financed, and enforced.
Using a needle for sacrospinous ligament fixation for pelvic organ prolapse based on the Miyazaki technique
Authors: Musin Ilnur Irekovich , Yashchuk Alfiya Galimovna , Pavlov Valentin Nikolaevich , Wang Jianliu , Sun Xiuli , Naftulovich Raisa Arkadevna , Popova Elena Mikhailovna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 7% of all women will require surgery to correct pelvic organ prolapse during their lives. Of these, approximately 10%-13% will require another operation within 5 years due to recurrence of the disease. Increases in life expectancy and elderly individuals with estrogen deficiencies will mean higher rates of pelvic organ prolapse, significantly reducing the quality of life for millions of people. This study introduces technologies that can help treat pelvic prolapse while reducing the rate of recurrence.MethodsThis paper outlines how to properly perform sacrospinous ligament fixation using the Miyazaki technique.ResultsA needle was used to successfully perform a sacrospinous ligament fixation using Miyazaki's technique.ConclusionsConsidering the Food and Drug Administration’s 2019 decision to permit surgeries with native tissue, this method can be used with sacrospinous ligament fixation as the primary treatment option for pelvic organ prolapse.
Identifying Marine Sources of Beached Plastics Through a Bayesian Framework: Application to Southwest Netherlands
Authors: van Duinen Bram , Kaandorp Mikael L. A. , van Sebille Erik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBeaches are thought to be a large reservoir for marine plastics. To protect vulnerable beaches, it is advantageous to have information on the sources of this plastic. Here, we develop a universally applicable Bayesian framework to map sources of plastic arriving on a specific beach. In this framework, we combine Lagrangian backtracking simulations of drifting particles with estimates of plastic input from coastlines, rivers and fisheries. The advantage over traditional Lagrangian simulations is that the Bayesian framework can consider information on known sources, and thus facilitates spatiotemporal source attribution for plastic arriving at the specified beach. We show that the main sources for our target beach in southwest Netherlands are the east coast of the UK, the Dutch coast, the English Channel (fisheries) and the Thames, Seine, Rhine and Trieux (rivers). We also show that floating time is a major uncertainty in source attribution using backtracking.
A Novel Framework for Simulating Particle Deposition With Moving Bedforms
Authors: Teitelbaum Yoni , Shimony Tomer , Saavedra Cifuentes Edwin , Dallmann Jonathan , Phillips Colin B. , Packman Aaron I. , Hansen Scott K. , Arnon Shai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious modeling studies of hyporheic exchange induced by moving bedforms have used a moving reference frame, typically corresponding to an individual moving bedform. However, this approach is not suitable for simulating the exchange and accumulation of immobile fine particles beneath moving bedforms, which commonly occurs in sand‐bed streams, as both moving and stationary features must be considered. Here we present a novel simulation framework that may represent arbitrarily shaped, generally aperiodic mobile bedforms within a stationary reference frame. We combine this approach with particle tracking to successfully reproduce observations of clay deposition in sand beds, and the resulting development of a low‐conductivity layer near the scour zone. We find that increased bedform celerity and filtration both lead to a shallower depth of clay deposition and a more compact deposition layer. While increased filtration causes more clay to deposit, increased celerity reduces deposition by flattening hyporheic exchange flowpaths.
Tactile stimulation in the delivery room: past, present, future. A systematic review
Authors: Kaufmann M. , Mense L. , Springer L. , Dekker J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn current resuscitation guidelines, tactile stimulation is recommended for infants with insufficient respiratory efforts after birth. No recommendations are made regarding duration, onset, and method of stimulation. Neither is mentioned how tactile stimulation should be applied in relation to the gestational age. The aim was to review the physiological mechanisms of respiratory drive after birth and to identify and structure the current evidence on tactile stimulation during neonatal resuscitation. A systematic review of available data was performed using PubMed, covering the literature up to April 2021. Two independent investigators screened the extracted references and assessed their methodological quality. Six studies were included. Tactile stimulation management, including the onset of stimulation, overall duration, and methods as well as the effect on vital parameters was analyzed and systematically presented. Tactile stimulation varies widely between, as well as within different centers and no consensus exists which stimulation method is most effective. Some evidence shows that repetitive stimulation within the first minutes of resuscitation improves oxygenation. Further studies are warranted to optimize strategies to support spontaneous breathing after birth, assessing the effect of stimulating various body parts respectively within different gestational age groups.
The CanPain SCI clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation management of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: 2021 update
Authors: Loh Eldon , Mirkowski Magdalena , Agudelo Alexandria Roa , Allison David J. , Benton Brooke , Bryce Thomas N. , Guilcher Sara , Jeji Tara , Kras-Dupuis Anna , Kreutzwiser Denise , Lanizi Oda , Lee-Tai-Fuy Gary , Middleton James W. , Moulin Dwight E. , O’Connell Colleen , Orenczuk Steve , Potter Patrick , Short Christine , Teasell Robert , Townson Andrea , Widerström-Noga Eva , Wolfe Dalton L. , Xia Nancy , Mehta Swati 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudy designClinical practice guidelines.ObjectivesThe objective was to update the 2016 version of the Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury (SCI).SettingThe guidelines are relevant for inpatient, outpatient and community SCI rehabilitation settings in Canada.MethodsThe guidelines were updated in accordance with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. A Steering Committee and Working Group reviewed the relevant evidence on neuropathic pain management (encompassing screening and diagnosis, treatment and models of care) after SCI. The quality of evidence was scored using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A consensus process was followed to achieve agreement on recommendations and clinical considerations.ResultsThe working group identified and reviewed 46 additional relevant articles published since the last version of the guidelines. The panel agreed on 3 new screening and diagnosis recommendations and 8 new treatment recommendations. Two key changes to these treatment recommendations included the introduction of general treatment principles and a new treatment recommendation classification system. No new recommendations to model of care were made.ConclusionsThe CanPainSCI recommendations for the management of neuropathic pain after SCI should be used to inform practice.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy versus surgical gastrojejunostomy for the palliation of gastric outlet obstruction in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Abbas Ali , Dolan Russell D. , Bazarbashi Ahmad Najdat , Thompson Christopher C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) with peritoneal carcinomatosis presents a technical challenge. Surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) or enteral stenting have been the standard of care; however, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) has emerged as a favorable alternative. Few data exist that compare these techniques in the setting of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study included 25 EUS-GE and 27 SGJ consecutive patients. Baseline demographics, cancer diagnosis and stage, clinical and technical success, adverse events, and obstruction recurrence data were collected. The primary outcome was the technical success comparison; secondary outcome was the adverse event rate comparison. Rates were compared with standard statistical tests.
Results Mean age, obstruction location, and symptoms were similar between the groups. The EUS-GE group had more advanced disease (clinical stage 4, 100 % vs. 67 %; P = 0.006) and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (class 3–4, 92 % vs. 50 %; P = 0.004). The technical success rate was 100 % in both groups (P > 0.99) and the adverse event rate was lower for EUS-GE (8 % vs. 41 %; P = 0.01). Clinical success was 88 % for EUS-GE and 85 % for SGJ (P > 0.99) and recurrent obstruction was lower with EUS-GE (28 % vs. 41 %; P = 0.13). The EUS-GE group had shorter procedure duration, length of stay, and time to chemotherapy resumption than the SGJ group.
Conclusions Although the EUS-GE group was older, with more comorbidity and advanced stages, the technical success rate was similar to SGJ and it had significantly fewer adverse events. EUS-GE is a safe and effective option for the management of malignant GOO with peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Early-Onset Fulminant Sepsis in a Preterm Neonate due to Streptococcus gallolyticus: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Williams Chandler , Sakaria Rishika P. , Pourcyrous Massroor 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is an uncommon cause of neonatal infections. We describe the first case of fulminant lethal neonatal sepsis due to S. gallolyticus reported in literature. Our patient was an extremely low birth weight premature infant born to a mother with prolonged rupture of amniotic membranes and chorioamnionitis. We also review the cases of neonatal S. gallolyticus infections reported in literature. Fifty-eight percent neonatal S. gallolyticus infections presented in the first week of life. Importantly, S. gallolyticus meningitis is more commonly reported with early-onset infections compared with group B streptococcal meningitis, which is more common with late-onset infections. Streptococcus gallolyticus should be included in differential for neonatal sepsis, particularly in the presence of meningitis in the first week of life. Most cases are sensitive to penicillin; however, cases of reduced sensitivity to penicillin have also been reported.
Lateral Transtumoral Transforaminal Removal of Cervical Dumbbell Tumors
Authors: Dubey Sudhir , Agrawal Amit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Cervical dumbbell tumors constitute 15% of cervical nerve sheath tumors. These tumors occupy intraspinal, foraminal, and extraspinal compartments. Laminectomy, laminectomy and facetectomy and anterolateral partial vertebrectomy are the approaches used to address these multicompartment tumors. Laminectomy leads to incomplete tumor removal. Other approaches ensure complete tumor excision but involve more extensive bone work.
Objective We describe our surgical technique and clinical experiences of six patients treated through single lateral approach, addressing all compartments (transforaminal approach) with minimal or no bony resection.
Methods Six patients with cervical dumbbell tumors underwent minimally invasive transforaminal approach and tumor excision. The cohort consisted of four women and two men. All patients underwent complete tumor excision
Technique Intraoperative X-ray and ultrasound are used to localize the respective foramen. Skin is entered from the lateral side and sequential dilatation is done through muscles. The dilators and port are docked to the lateral surface of articular facets. Standard technique of capsule dissection, internal decompression and capsule mobilization is done to remove the tumor. Arachnoid is seen at the end. Tumor cavity is obliterated with fat graft.
Results Total excision of tumor was documented in all patients with postoperative MRI scan. The mean blood loss was 100 mL. The patients could be discharged on second or third postoperative day. Mean follow-up is of 48 months (18–70 months) and all patients had resolution in features of myelopathy.
Conclusions Endoportal transforaminal approach is technically feasible and minimally invasive option to remove the dumbbell schwannomas.
Clinical Predictors of Postintubation Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Authors: Cohen Erin Rachel , Dable Cortney Lee , Iglesias Thomas , Singh Eshita , Ma Ruixuan , Rosow David Edward 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Iatrogenic bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) often arises from posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) after endotracheal intubation, whereby posterior commissure mucosal disruption leads to fibrosis and ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joints. Sequelae can be devastating, resulting in dyspnea, stridor, and death due to asphyxiation.
Objectives We sought to review features associated with PGS to better understand how to prevent this condition. A secondary aim is to analyze factors correlating to tracheostomy dependence.
Methods Charts from January 2010 to November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and adult patients with the diagnosis of BVFI after intubation were included. Data on comorbidities, duration of intubation, laryngoscopy, and decannulation status was analyzed.
Results Out of the 68 patients included in the present study, 60.3% were male, and the mean duration of intubation 14.3 ± 8.5 days. A total of 94% of the patients were intubated for at least 7 days, diabetic, and/or obese. Although association with prolonged intubation >7 days was not significant (p = 0.064), complete BVFI on fiberoptic exam (n = 47) was significantly associated with tracheostomy dependence both in the entire cohort (p = 0.036) and in the 56 patients with tracheostomy (p = 0.0086). Patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD) were less likely to be tracheostomy dependent compared with those with CVD (odds ratio [OR]: 0.23 [0.053–0.79]; p = 0.028).
Conclusions We identified duration of intubation, DM, and obesity as potential risk factors for PGS. Complete immobility and CVD were significantly associated with tracheostomy dependence. Our findings may have important implications for earlier tracheostomy in high-risk intubated patients, as well as for closer monitoring of disease progression and earlier intervention in those predisposed to tracheostomy dependence.
Conservative Approach is Safe for Perfused-Pulseless Hands Following Blunt Brachial Artery Injury in Children
Authors: Naga Ahmad R. , Elemam Ali A. , Elaskary Nagib A. , Elsharkawy Ashraf E. , Lotfy Hassan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBlunt trauma of the brachial artery (BA) in pediatric age is often associated with neurological and orthopaedic injuries. Acute ischemic hands warrant immediate exploration, but the management of warm-pulseless hands following elbow trauma is controversial. This study evaluates the role of conservative treatment of blunt BA injuries in children with non-threatened hands. Eleven children with blunt trauma onto the BA having warm-pulseless hands were studied retrospectively. After a mean follow-up period of 2.5 ± 0.9 years, all cases had thorough clinical examination and duplex scan to assess the treatment outcomes. At the end of follow-up period, all subjects had well-perfused hands with intact wrist pulses. The duplex scan revealed those who had interposition grafts to be patent and one case had an aneurysmal dilatation. There was no statistical significance difference between affected and healthy forearms regarding the mean peak systolic velocity at the wrist, affected side was 62 ± 0.82 cm/s versus 68 ± 0.57 cm/s for opposite side (p-value = 0.14). Patients with blunt BA trauma and warm-pulseless hands could be managed safely with conservative treatment, leaving surgical exploration for those who did not regain pulses after 48 hours. Duplex ultrasound can safely verify the patency of surgical repair and can be used for surveillance to detect future complications.
Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Testing: Assessing Patients' Knowledge, Clinical Experiences, and Utilized Resources in Comparison to Provider's Perceptions
Authors: Delgado Arlin , Schulkin Jay , Macri Charles J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective This survey study aimed to assess patient knowledge, clinical resources, and utilized resources about genetic screening and diagnostic testing.
Study Design A one-time anonymous paper survey was distributed to 500 patients at a major urban obstetrics and gynecology department, and an online survey was sent to 229 providers. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared analyses were performed.
Results In all, 466 of 500 patient surveys were completed, and 441 analyzed (88.2% response rate). Among providers, 66 of 229 (29.0% response rate) responded. Patients were on average 32 years old, 27 weeks pregnant, and most often reported a graduate degree level of education (47.4%). Over 75% of patients reported accurate knowledge of basic genetic statements. Patients reported that discussing screening and diagnostic testing with their provider was significantly associated with properly defining screening and diagnostic testing (p < 0.001). Less than 10% of patients reported providers distributing web/video links, books, or any other resource; however, patients most often independently accessed web links (40.1%).
Conclusion Our findings suggest a positive impact from patient and provider discussions in office on patient knowledge and understanding. Discrepancies between educational resources distributed in the clinic and individually accessed resources highlight possible areas of change. Future work should evaluate and implement differing resources to increase patient knowledge.
COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy in the Peripartum Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Allen Ashley , Hoang Christine , Sangha Roopina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) scoring and D-dimer can be used to recognize COVID-19-induced coagulopathy, but the utility of these is largely unknown in the peripartum setting and leaves anticoagulation guidance unclear. We present the case of a critically ill postpartum patient with COVID-19 infection. This patient presented with clinical signs of COVID-19 infection and developed acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and subsequent cesarean delivery at 34 weeks. She initially improved postoperatively but deteriorated after postoperative day 5. She was found to have a very elevated D-dimer of 58 μg/mL and anticoagulation was escalated to full dosing. She required prolonged mechanical ventilation and deceased after developing gram-positive cocci bacteremia. This case demonstrates that recognition and management of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy can be confusing in the peripartum period and studies are needed to validate D-dimer and SIC scoring in this population of patients.