bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation under anaesthesia of fractured nasal bones – a 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Gokani S A , Sadik H S , Espehana A , Jegatheeswaran L , Luke L , Philpott C , Nassif R 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNasal bone fractures are treated by manipulation under general or local anaesthesia procedures. Data on long-term benefits of manipulation under local anaesthesia are limited. This study aimed to quantify the proportion of patients requiring septoplasty or septorhinoplasty after manipulation under general and local anaesthesia procedures.MethodsAnonymised data were collected from electronic records of all patients who underwent manipulation under anaesthesia at our centre over a 10-year period, including demographics, manipulation under anaesthesia timing and further surgery requirements.ResultsThe study identified 625 manipulation under general anaesthesia and 52 manipulation under local anaesthesia procedures. Manipulation under local anaesthesia procedures were performed earlier (local anaesthesia = 9 days, general anaesthesia = 15 days; p < 0.05) and were more likely to achieve manipulation (local anaesthesia = 83 per cent, general anaesthesia = 76 per cent; p < 0.05). There was no difference between techniques in the percentage of patients requiring further surgery.ConclusionThis paper describes a large cohort of patients who underwent manipulation under anaesthesia over a 10-year period. Manipulation under local anaesthesia procedures have increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and the results are comparable to manipulation under general anaesthesia, with reduced delays between injury and manipulation.
Defining the Bounds of Using Radioactive Isotope Tracers to Sense Past Groundwater Recharge Under Transient State Conditions
Authors: Chmielarski M. , Dogramaci S. , Cook P. G. , McCallum J. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnalyzing groundwater systems in transient state is essential for understanding the response of groundwater recharge to changing environments. Radioactive isotopes have long been used to track recharge behavior, typically under steady state conditions. This study tests the limitations of using radioactive isotopes in confined aquifers and under transient conditions to sense changes in groundwater recharge rates over time. Four system parameters determine the bounds of this approach: the isotope half‐life, the Péclet number (Pe), and mobile‐immobile zone interactions. This study revealed that in confined groundwater systems where Pe ≥ 10, isotopes reflect transience when the half‐life matches the water travel time down the flow path or the time elapsed from the change in velocity. This response is evident regardless of mobile‐immobile interaction, suggesting that appropriate isotope selection is key to establishing past recharge regardless of aquifer lithology or geometry.
Abrupt Contraction of the Indo‐East Asian Monsoons Ended the Holocene Humid Period
Authors: Goldsmith Yonaton , Xu Hai , Torfstein Adi , Lan Jianghu , Song Yunping , Zhang Jin , Zhou Kang'en , Cheng Jun , Enzel Yehouda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRain‐belt migration, and in particular monsoon migration, are a cardinal, yet under‐constrained aspect of climate change. Here, we present a new lake‐level record from a closed‐basin lake in northern China and a compilation of available lake level records from closed‐basin lakes located at the northern margins of East Asian and Indian monsoon regions. These data show that ca. 6 ka ago, changes in water availability, as recorded by the surface areas of the closed‐basin lakes, shrunk dramatically, within a few decades, and have not been restored to their pre‐6 ka sizes since. These data imply that the Indo‐East Asian monsoon systems underwent a large coeval southward contraction, which preceded the gradual decline in insolation forcing, and abruptly ended the Holocene Humid Period (HHP). This new compilation enables to constrain potential feedback mechanisms involved in the early termination of the HHP at the monsoon fringes.
Vigorous New Particle Formation Above Polluted Boundary Layer in the North China Plain
Authors: Lai Shiyi , Huang Xin , Qi Ximeng , Chen Liangduo , Ren Chuanhua , Wang Zilin , Wang Jinbo , Lou Sijia , Chi Xuguang , Gao Yang , Hai Shangfei , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli‐Matti , Kulmala Markku , Ding Aijun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is vital in climate and air pollution for its contribution to aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei; however, a vertical understanding of NPF is still limited. Here, simultaneous observations at two altitudes were conducted over the North China Plain. Despite a high aerosol loading during cold season, NPF is still frequently observed. The upper‐air NPF is increasingly intensive and starts earlier as haze pollution deteriorated, and the onset time gap could exceed 3 hr. To understand the factors modulating NPF vertically, we updated the meteorology‐chemistry model by incorporating state‐of‐the‐art nucleation schemes and performed highly vertical‐resolved simulations. It is revealed that vertical disparities in NPF are attributed to the pronounced stratification of sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter. As the evolution of the boundary layer, strong NPF in the upper air elevates the near‐surface nucleation‐mode particles. This work sheds more light on the vertical structure of NPF.
First‐Order River Delta Morphology Is Explained by the Sediment Flux Balance From Rivers, Waves, and Tides
Authors: Broaddus C. M. , Vulis L. M. , Nienhuis J. H. , Tejedor A. , Brown J. , Foufoula‐Georgiou E. , Edmonds D. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present a novel quantitative test of a 50‐year‐old hypothesis which asserts that river delta morphology is determined by the balance between river and marine influence. We define three metrics to capture the first‐order morphology of deltas (shoreline roughness, number of distributary channel mouths, and presence/absence of spits), and use a recently developed sediment flux framework to quantify the river‐marine influence. Through analysis of simulated and field deltas we quantitatively demonstrate the relationship between sediment flux balance and delta morphology and show that the flux balance accounts for at least 35% of the variance in the number of distributary channel mouths and 42% of the variance in the shoreline roughness for real‐world and simulated deltas. We identify a tipping point in the flux balance where wave influence halts distributary channel formation and show how this explains morphological transitions in real world deltas.
Transition in Optical and Radio Features During the Early Development of Negative Intracloud Leader
Authors: Huang Anjing , Cummer Steven A. , Pu Yunjiao , Chanrion Olivier A. , Neubert Torsten , Reglero Victor , Østgaard Nikolai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhat happens when the upward in‐cloud (IC) breakdown transitions into horizontally expanding extension? Optical observations of this transition in IC lightning have not previously been reported. We identify the radio and optical signatures of this transition in low‐frequency (LF) magnetic, very high frequency interferometric and space‐borne optical measurements. For initial IC development in stratiform clouds, the ratio of 337/777.4 nm radiance is above unity prior to the transition but is almost always below unity after the transition. In particular, the 337 nm radiance drops significantly while the 777.4 nm radiance remains almost invariant after the transition, suggesting when the dominant illumination process of IC leaders changes from cold streamer discharges to a likely stepped leader. Furthermore, this transition in the LF and optical measurements resembles the reported changes in the cloud‐to‐ground measurements from initial leader to stepped leader, indicating that the initial leader may be physically different from the stepped leader.
Powering Earth's Ancient Dynamo With Silicon Precipitation
Authors: Wilson Alfred J. , Pozzo Monica , Alfè Dario , Walker Andrew M. , Greenwood Sam , Pommier Anne , Davies Christopher J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEarth's core has produced a global magnetic field for at least the last 3.5 Gyrs, presently sustained by inner core (IC) growth. Models of the core with high thermal conductivity suggest potentially insufficient power available for the geodynamo prior to IC formation ∼1 Ga. Precipitation of silicon from the liquid core might offer an alternative power source for the ancient magnetic field, although few estimates of the silicon partition coefficient exist for conditions of the early core. We present the first ab initio determination of the silicon partition coefficient at core‐mantle boundary conditions and use these results to confirm a thermodynamic description of partitioning that is integrated into a model of coupled core‐mantle thermal evolution. We show that models including precipitation of silicon can satisfy constraints of IC size, mantle convective heat flux, mantle temperature and a persistent ancient geodynamo, and favor an oxygen poor initial core composition.
Unraveling the Critical Geomagnetic Conditions Controlling the Upper Limit of Electron Fluxes in the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Hua Man , Bortnik Jacob , Chu Xiangning , Aryan Homayon , Ma Qianli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate the statistical distribution of the upper limit of outer radiation belt electron fluxes during active times using 5‐year measurements from Van Allen Probes. The upper flux limit at different energies peaks around L ∼ 4.7, with larger flux variation at higher energies >1 MeV compared to energies at hundreds of keV. Based on the correlation analysis between maximum fluxes and various time‐integrated geomagnetic indices, including SYM‐H, AE, and AL, we reveal that maximum fluxes strongly correlate to cumulative effects of substorms instead of storms, with the strongest dependence on the time‐integrated AL (Int(AL)). We investigate the correlation coefficients (CC) between maximum fluxes and time‐integrated substorm indices at different time lags and identify the time lag corresponding to the best CC. Finally, we develop a prediction model of maximum fluxes using only Int(AL) as input, which shows CC of ∼0.80 and allows future forecasts of extreme cases of outer belt electrons.
Martian Atmospheric Temperature and Density Profiles During the First Year of NOMAD/TGO Solar Occultation Measurements
Authors: López‐Valverde Miguel Angel , Funke Bernd , Brines Adrian , Stolzenbach Aurèlien , Modak Ashimananda , Hill Brittany , González‐Galindo Francisco , Thomas Ian , Trompet Loic , Aoki Shohei , Villanueva Gerónimo , Liuzzi Giuliano , Erwin Justin , Grabowski Udo , Forget Francois , López‐Moreno José Juan , Rodriguez‐Gómez Julio , Ristic Bojan , Daerden Frank , Bellucci Giancarlo , Patel Manish , Vandaele Ann‐Carine ,   the NOMAD team
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present vertical profiles of temperature and density from solar occultation (SO) observations by the “Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery” (NOMAD) spectrometer on board the Trace Gas Orbiter during its first operational year, which covered the second half of Mars Year 34. We used calibrated transmittance spectra in 380 scans, and apply an in‐house pre‐processing to clean data systematics. Temperature and CO2 profiles up to about 90 km, with consistent hydrostatic adjustment, are obtained, after adapting an Earth‐tested retrieval scheme to Mars conditions. Both pre‐processing and retrieval are discussed to illustrate their performance and robustness. Our results reveal the large impact of the MY34 Global Dust Storm (GDS), which warmed the atmosphere at all altitudes. The large GDS aerosols opacity limited the sounding of tropospheric layers. The retrieved temperatures agree well with global climate models (GCM) at tropospheric altitudes, but NOMAD mesospheric temperatures are wavier and globally colder by 10 K in the perihelion season, particularly during the GDS and its decay phase. We observe a warm layer around 80 km during the Southern Spring, especially in the Northern Hemisphere morning terminator, associated to large thermal tides, significantly stronger than in the GCM. Cold mesospheric pockets, close to CO2 condensation temperatures, are more frequently observed than in the GCM. NOMAD CO2 densities show oscillations upon a seasonal trend that track well the latitudinal variations expected. Results uncertainties and suggestions to improve future data re‐analysis are briefly discussed.
Volcano‐Tectonic Evolution of the Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo Rift Zone
Authors: Preine J. , Hübscher C. , Karstens J. , Nomikou P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLocated on the Hellenic Arc, the Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo (CSK) rift zone represents one of the most active and hazardous volcano‐tectonic systems in the Mediterranean. Although this rift zone has been intensively studied, its tectonic evolution and the interplay of volcanism and tectonism are still poorly understood. In this study, we use high‐resolution reflection seismic imagery to reconstruct the opening of the rift basins. For the first time, we relate the activity of individual faults with the activity of specific volcanic centers in space and time. Our analysis shows a pre‐volcanic NNE‐SSW‐oriented paleo basin underneath the CSK volcanoes, representing a transfer zone between Pliocene ESE‐WNW‐oriented basins, which was overprinted by a NE‐SW‐oriented tectonic regime hosting Late Pliocene volcanism that initiated at the Christiana Volcano. All subsequent volcanoes evolved parallel to this trend. Two major Pleistocene tectonic pulses preceded fundamental changes in the volcanism of the CSK rift including the occurrence of widespread small‐scale volcanic centers followed by focusing of activity at Santorini with increasing explosivity. The observed correlation between changes in the tectonic system and the magmatism of the CSK volcanoes suggests a deep‐seated tectonic control of the volcanic plumbing system. In turn, our analysis reveals the absence of large‐scale faults in basin segments affected by volcanism indicating a secondary feedback mechanism on the tectonic system. A comparison with the evolution of the neighboring Kos‐Nisyros‐Yali volcanic field zone and Rhodos highlights concurrent regional volcano‐tectonic changes, suggesting a potential arc‐wide scale of the observed volcano‐tectonic interplay.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells loss lenvatinib efficacy in vitro through autophagy and hypoxia response-derived neuropilin-1 degradation
Authors: Fernández-Palanca Paula , Payo-Serafín Tania , San-Miguel Beatriz , Méndez-Blanco Carolina , Tuñón María J. , González-Gallego Javier , Mauriz José L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite pharmacological advances such as lenvatinib approval, therapeutic failure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a big challenge due to the complexity of its underlying molecular mechanisms. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a co-receptor involved in several cellular processes associated to chemoresistance development. Since both the double-edged process of autophagy and hypoxia-derived response play crucial roles in the loss of therapeutic effectiveness, herein we investigated the interplay among NRP1, autophagy and hypoxia in development of lenvatinib resistance in HCC cell lines. We first analyzed NRP1 expression levels in human HCC samples from public databases, found significantly increased NRP1 expression in human HCC samples as well as its correlation with advanced tumor and metastasis stages. Among 3 HCC cell lines (HepG2, Huh-7 and Hep3B), Hep3B and Huh-7 cells showed significantly increased NRP1 expression levels and cell migration ability together with higher susceptibility to lenvatinib. We demonstrated that NRP1 gene silencing significantly enhanced the anticancer effects of lenvatinib on Hep3B and Huh-7 cells. Furthermore, lenvatinib suppressed NRP1 expression through promoting autophagy in Hep3B and Huh-7 cells; co-treatment with bafilomycin A1 attenuated the antitumor effects of lenvatinib, and NRP1 silencing prevented this loss of in vitro effectiveness of lenvatinib even in the presence of bafilomycin A1. In addition, exposure to a hypoxic microenvironment significantly decreased NRP1 expression through autophagy in Hep3B and Huh-7 cells. Under hypoxia, HIF-1α directly modulated NRP1 expression; HIF-1α silencing not only enhanced the anticancer effects of combined lenvatinib and hypoxia, but also prevented the loss of effectiveness caused by bafilomycin A1, highlighting the potential role of HIF-1α-derived hypoxia response in the adaptive cellular response to lenvatinib and promoting resistance acquisition by autophagy modulation. Overall, NRP1 may constitute a potential therapeutic target to prevent lenvatinib failure derived from a hypoxia-associated modulation of autophagy in advanced HCC.
Genome-wide association and multi-trait analyses characterize the common genetic architecture of heart failure
Authors: Levin Michael G. , Tsao Noah L. , Singhal Pankhuri , Liu Chang , Vy Ha My T. , Paranjpe Ishan , Backman Joshua D. , Bellomo Tiffany R. , Bone William P. , Biddinger Kiran J. , Hui Qin , Dikilitas Ozan , Satterfield Benjamin A. , Yang Yifan , Morley Michael P. , Bradford Yuki , Burke Megan , Reza Nosheen , Charest Brian ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Judy Renae L. , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Hakonarson Hakon , Khan Atlas , Kottyan Leah C. , Kullo Iftikhar , Luo Yuan , McNally Elizabeth M. , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Day Sharlene M. , Do Ron , Phillips Lawrence S. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Nadkarni Girish N. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Arany Zoltan , Cappola Thomas P. , Margulies Kenneth B. , Aragam Krishna G. , Haggerty Christopher M. , Joseph Jacob , Sun Yan V. , Voight Benjamin F. , Damrauer Scott M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHeart failure is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of common genetic variation to heart failure risk has not been fully elucidated, particularly in comparison to other common cardiometabolic traits. We report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis of all-cause heart failure including up to 115,150 cases and 1,550,331 controls of diverse genetic ancestry, identifying 47 risk loci. We also perform multivariate genome-wide association studies that integrate heart failure with related cardiac magnetic resonance imaging endophenotypes, identifying 61 risk loci. Gene-prioritization analyses including colocalization and transcriptome-wide association studies identify known and previously unreported candidate cardiomyopathy genes and cellular processes, which we validate in gene-expression profiling of failing and healthy human hearts. Colocalization, gene expression profiling, and Mendelian randomization provide convergent evidence for the roles of BCKDHA and circulating branch-chain amino acids in heart failure and cardiac structure. Finally, proteome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies 9 circulating proteins associated with heart failure or quantitative imaging traits. These analyses highlight similarities and differences among heart failure and associated cardiovascular imaging endophenotypes, implicate common genetic variation in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and identify circulating proteins that may represent cardiomyopathy treatment targets.
Breaking through the Mermin-Wagner limit in 2D van der Waals magnets
Authors: Jenkins Sarah , Rózsa Levente , Atxitia Unai , Evans Richard F. L. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Santos Elton J. G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Mermin-Wagner theorem states that long-range magnetic order does not exist in one- (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) isotropic magnets with short-ranged interactions. Here we show that in finite-size 2D van der Waals magnets typically found in lab setups (within millimetres), short-range interactions can be large enough to allow the stabilisation of magnetic order at finite temperatures without any magnetic anisotropy. We demonstrate that magnetic ordering can be created in 2D flakes independent of the lattice symmetry due to the intrinsic nature of the spin exchange interactions and finite-size effects. Surprisingly we find that the crossover temperature, where the intrinsic magnetisation changes from superparamagnetic to a completely disordered paramagnetic regime, is weakly dependent on the system length, requiring giant sizes (e.g., of the order of the observable universe ~ 1026 m) to observe the vanishing of the magnetic order as expected from the Mermin-Wagner theorem. Our findings indicate exchange interactions as the main ingredient for 2D magnetism.
A Wolbachia factor for male killing in lepidopteran insects
Authors: Katsuma Susumu , Hirota Kanako , Matsuda-Imai Noriko , Fukui Takahiro , Muro Tomohiro , Nishino Kohei , Kosako Hidetaka , Shoji Keisuke , Takanashi Hideki , Fujii Takeshi , Arimura Shin-ichi , Kiuchi Takashi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBacterial symbionts, such as Wolbachia species, can manipulate the sexual development and reproduction of their insect hosts. For example, Wolbachia infection induces male-specific death in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis by targeting the host factor Masculinizer (Masc), an essential protein for masculinization and dosage compensation in lepidopteran insects. Here we identify a Wolbachia protein, designated Oscar, which interacts with Masc via its ankyrin repeats. Embryonic expression of Oscar inhibits Masc-induced masculinization and leads to male killing in two lepidopteran insects, O. furnacalis and the silkworm Bombyx mori. Our study identifies a mechanism by which Wolbachia induce male killing of host progeny.
H7N9 avian influenza virus infection in men is associated with testosterone depletion
Authors: Bai Tian , Chen Yongkun , Beck Sebastian , Stanelle-Bertram Stephanie , Mounogou Nancy Kouassi , Chen Tao , Dong Jie , Schneider Bettina , Jia Tingting , Yang Jing , Wang Lijie , Meinhardt Andreas , Zapf Antonia , Kreienbrock Lothar , Wang Dayan , Shu Yuelong , Gabriel Gülsah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman infections with H7N9 avian influenza A virus that emerged in East China in 2013 and caused high morbidity rates were more frequently detected in men than in women over the last five epidemic waves. However, molecular markers associated with poor disease outcomes in men are still unknown. In this study, we systematically analysed sex hormone and cytokine levels in males and females with laboratory-confirmed H7N9 influenza in comparison to H7N9-negative control groups as well as laboratory-confirmed seasonal H1N1/H3N2 influenza cases (n = 369). Multivariable analyses reveal that H7N9-infected men present with considerably reduced testosterone levels associated with a poor outcome compared to non-infected controls. Regression analyses reveal that testosterone levels in H7N9-infected men are negatively associated with the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-15. To assess whether there is a causal relationship between low testosterone levels and avian H7N9 influenza infection, we used a mouse model. In male mice, we show that respiratory H7N9 infection leads to a high viral load and inflammatory cytokine response in the testes as well as a reduction in pre-infection plasma testosterone levels. Collectively, these findings suggest that monitoring sex hormone levels may support individualized management for patients with avian influenza infections.