bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations disentanglement, the potential risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals in the sediment of the Changzhao Reservoir, Zhejiang Province
Authors: Lu Yumiao , Zeng Yanyan , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in the water body is a distinctly important issue for the water security of the reservoir. 114 sediment samples of Changzhao reservoir were collected to investigate the spatial (horizontal and vertical) distribution characteristics, risks assessment, and source identification of heavy metals. Results suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals at the surface layer sediment were 0.02-39726.14 mg/kg, which were slightly higher compared with that at the middle and bottom layer sediment. The concentration of Zn and Cu was significantly different in the sediment (P ≤ 0.01). The concentration of TOC in the sediment was mostly influenced by the pH and Cd in the sediment. The proportion of “uncontaminated to moderately contaminated” for Cd, Zn, and As in the surface layer was 84.21%, 47.37%, and 34.21%, which indicated that the quality of sediment was mostly impacted by Cd, Zn, and As. The agricultural non-point source pollution is dominant according to source identification method of APCS-MLR. Overall, this paper presents the distribution and conversion trends of heavy metals and provides the insights of the reservoir protection in the future work.
Classification of breast lesions on DCE-MRI Data Using Fine-tuned MobileNet
Authors: Meng Mingzhu , Zhang Ming , He Guangyuan , Shen Dong , Wang Long 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Early and rapid diagnosis of breast cancer is very important. Traditional method for detecting and diagnosing breast cancer may lead to a false positive or negative result. Presently, most of the deep learning models used in breast cancer detection prevents their use on mobile phones or low-configuration devices. This study intends to evaluate the capability of MobileNetV1 and MobileNetV2 and their fine-tuned models to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).
Methods
The diagnostic efficiencies of MobileNetV1_False(V1_False), MobileNetV1_True (V1_True), MobileNetV2_False(V2_False) and MobileNetV2_True(V2_True) were tested and evaluated under the same program architecture and dataset (2124 images in benign group and 2226 images in malignant group). A relatively optimal model was selected (with the highest accuracy in the training set and test set), and two fine-tuning strategies (S0 and S1) were used to modify it. The accuracy (Ac) of different models in the training and test sets, as well as the precision (Pr), recall rate (Rc), f1 score(f1) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were taken as the performance indicators.
Results
The Ac of V1_True (0.9815) was higher than those of V1_False (0.9749), V2_False (0.9672) and V2_True (0.9699). Overfitting were observed in all models. Pr, Rc, f1 and AUC of V1_True were 0.79,0.73,0.74 and 0.74, respectively, they were higher than those of V1_False (0.77,0.73,0.73 and 0.73), V2_False (0.74,0.65,0.66 and 0.65) and V2_True (0.76,0.67,0.68 and 0.67).
Conclusion
The MobileNetV1_True model can differentiate between benign and malignant breast lesions on breast DCE-MRI, and has the potential to be deployed on an embedded mobile platform. Future work is necessary to improve the generalization capability of the proposed method.
Energy - Growth Hypothesis: Testing Non-Linearity by considering Production Function Approach for Spanish Economy
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Shahid , Mahmood Haider , Yousaf Saba 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Targeting output growth is among one the prime concern of any economy in both developing and developed worlds. Energy utilization and exports are important drivers that would help in boosting production activities in any economy. Therefore, beyond labor force and capital formation, exports and energy utilization can be among the important inputs for accelerating economic growth in any economy. This research is conducted to investigate the linear impact of exports and the non-linear effect of energy consumption on economic growth considering the production function approach in the Spanish economy. After considering the ARDL bounds test for a period from 1980–2019, the study provides evidence of inverted-U shaped effects of energy consumption on economic growth. The findings also expose that exports, labor force and capital formation significantly accelerate economic growth in Spain. These findings are consistent with the diagnostics applied in the study. This research proposes that energy consumption should not be increased beyond a certain threshold for reaping positive fruits for economic growth. Beyond that cutoff, it will become harmful to economic growth. Policy advisors may consider exports to target economic growth in Spain as it helps in expanding production activities in the Spanish economy.JEL Codes: O44; F62, C22
Signature of Sinking Streams on Calcarenite Rock Study Using Geophysical and Geochemical Investigation in Ayankulam Area, South Tamilnadu, India
Authors: A Antony Ravindran , A Antony Alosanai Promilton , J Vinoth Kingston , S Richard Abishek , K Aswin S , R Abinaya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ayankulam is the trending one recently during the 2021 monsoon of India. Despite a large supply of water from the Nambiar canal for five days, the village's fabled well was unable to fill. When the district collector and IIT team came, they assessed the community and noted that the wells' geological makeup was classified as a karst formation (as per e-news sited in The New Indian Express dated 03/12/2021). There might be some sinking stream that might link this well. Karst topography of calcarenite rocks is the reason for groundwater movement beneath the subsurface for not filling the well. One of the most crucial elements of nature's water supplies is groundwater. Groundwater has to be explored more thoroughly since demand for it rises as the population grows. To determine the existence of usable groundwater for irrigation purposes in the study area Geophysical (Azimuthal square array method and Magnetotelluric method) and Geochemical investigations were done. The Azimuthal Square array method covers 360º coverage of subsurface resulting in fracture orientation of rock to determine the weak/strong zones in different rock types. The Magnetotelluric method scans the subsurface rock and provides information about Geological formation, Weak zone where water oozes out, depth and movement of groundwater. Water samples were collected in and around the “Sinking Stream” origin well and its associated open and tube wells from the study area. The combination of Square Array, MT, Water quality, and quantity study focuses on the Trapped Aquifer system of sinking streams in all water bodies and wells. The movement of groundwater seems to be increasing in Seashore areas such as Uvari and Karikovil are identified relating its water samples from deep bore wells quality and sinking stream water quality. The heavy rainfall and hydrostatic pressure of predominant rock on eroded Calcarenite lime formation create water “Dry fall out” resulting in Sinking streams in the Ayankulam area.
Drug Coated Balloon Improves Outcomes of Sub-optimal Supera Deployment in the Intermediate Term
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , Sharma Raman , Avadhani Sriya , Tarricone Arthur , Gee Allen , Farhan Serdar , Kamran Haroon , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Sub-Optimal deployment of Self expanding interwoven stents (Supera) has been shown to increase the rate of Clinically Driven Target Lesion Revascularization (CD-TLR). Meanwhile, drug eluting balloons (DCB) have been shown to reduce CD-TLR in the femoral-popliteal segment in de- novo and restenotic lesions. However, the clinical effects of adjunctive DCB in nominal, compressed, and elongated Supera has not been widely studied . Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of clinically driven re-intervention, major amputations, and mortality in relation to the adjunctive use of DCB in different deployment conditions (nominal, compressed, elongated) of the Supera stent. Methods: Patient chart data was collected at a single center hospital between March 2015 to May 2020. All patients were adults (≥18 years old) and were treated with at least one (≥1) Supera stent. Deployment status was extrapolated from anonymized angiograms. The primary endpoint of this study was CD-TLR. Secondary endpoints included amputation and mortality rates associated with each deployment condition. Results: A total of 670 limbs were treated and patients were followed for 36 months. Nominal stent deployment was observed in 337 limbs, followed by elongated condition (n=176), then by compressed conditions (n=159). CD-TLR was observed most frequently with elongated deployment. Adjunctive drug coated balloon use showed a protective effect regardless of deployment status; O.R=0.44 (CI: 0.30-0.66, p<.05). Conclusions: Adjunctive DCB with Supera deployment was found to provide a protective effect in reintervention regardless of deployment status.
PAX9 regulates periodontal ligament stem cell-like differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sugiura Risa , Hamano Sayuri , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Hasegawa Daigaku , Yoshida Shinichiro , Sugii Hideki , Fujino Shoko , Adachi Orie , Kadowaki Masataka , Yamashita Daiki , Maeda Hidefumi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play central roles in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration. Previously, we established a protocol to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest-like cells (iNCs) into PDLSC-like cells (iPDLSCs) using human PDL cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM). However it remained unclear what factors principally regulate the differentiation of iNCs into iPDLSCs. In this study, we aimed to identify the transcription factor regulating production of human PDL cell-derived ECM, which is responsible for the generation of iPDLSCs. We cultured iNCs on two human PDL cell lines (HPDLC-3S and HPDLC-3U) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). iNCs cultured on HPDLC-3U showed higher iPDLSC-associated gene expression and mesenchymal differentiation capacity than cells cultured on HDF or HPDLC-3S. The transcription factor PAX9 was highly expressed in HPDLC-3U compared with HDF and HPDLC-3S. iNCs cultured on siPAX9-transfected HPDLC-3U displayed downregulation of iPDLSC-associated marker expression and adipocytic differentiation capacity relative to controls. Our findings suggest that PAX9 is one of the transcription factors regulating ECM production in human PDL cells, which is responsible for the differentiation of iNCs into iPDLSCs.
Hand Pose Estimation Based on Improved NSRM Network
Authors: Yang Shiqiang , He Duo , Li Qi , Wang Jinhua , Li Dexin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hand pose estimation is the basis of dynamic gesture recognition. In vision-based hand pose estimation, the joints of the human hand are highly flexible, and problems such as local similarity and severe occlusion have great influence on the estimation of hand posture. In order to identify the complicated hand posture, the structural relationship between the hand nodes is established, more accurate hand pose estimation can be achieved through the improved Nonparametric Structure Regularization Machine (NSRM) in this paper. Based on the NSRM network, the backbone network is replaced by New High-Resolution Net (NHRNet), then the input and output channels of some convolutional layers are reduced. Finally, a public dataset is used to conduct the hand pose estimation experiments. The experimental results show that the optimized NSRM network has higher accuracy and faster recognition speed for hand pose estimation.
Contact tracing reveals community transmission of COVID-19 in New York City
Authors: Pei Sen , Kandula Sasikiran , Vega Jaime Cascante , Yang Wan , Foerster Steffen , Thompson Corinne , Baumgartner Jennifer , Ahuja Shama , Blaney Kathleen , Varma Jay , Long Theodore , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission within and among communities is critical for tailoring public health policies to local context. However, analysis of community transmission is challenging due to a lack of high-resolution surveillance and testing data. Here, using contact tracing records for 644,029 cases and their contacts in New York City during the second pandemic wave, we provide a detailed characterization of the operational performance of contact tracing and reconstruct exposure and transmission networks at individual and ZIP code scales. We find considerable heterogeneity in reported close contacts and secondary infections and evidence of extensive transmission across ZIP code areas. Our analysis reveals the spatial pattern of SARS-CoV-2 spread and communities that are tightly interconnected by exposure and transmission. We find that higher vaccination coverage and reduced numbers of visitors to points-of-interest are associated with fewer within- and cross-ZIP code transmission events, highlighting potential measures for curtailing SARS-CoV-2 spread in urban settings.
A 2D Fragment-Assisted Protein Mimetic Approach to Rescue α-Synuclein Aggregation Mediated Early and Post-Disease Parkinson’s Phenotypes
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Stillman Nicholas , Joseph Johnson , Ahmed Jemil , Dohoney Ryan , Ball Tyler , Thomas Alexandra , Fitch Tessa , Donnelly Courtney 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

We have developed a Oligopyridylamide (OP) based 2-Dimensional Fragment-Assisted Structure-based Technique (2D-FAST) to identify potent antagonists of α-Synuclein (αS) aggregation, a process central to Parkinson’s disease (PD). The 2D-FAST utilizes a fragment-based screening of large chemical space in OPs, which led to the identification of NS132 as an antagonist of the multiple facets of αS aggregation. We also identified a better cell permeability analog (NS163) without sacrificing activity. OPs rescue αS aggregation mediated PD phenotypes in muscle cells and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in C. elegans models. OPs prevent the progression of PD phenotypes in a novel post-disease onset PD model.
This is one of the first examples of a synthetic mimetic-based 2D-FAST to identify antagonists of toxic αS self-assembly. We envision that 2D-FAST will have tremendous potential as it is expandable for other oligoamide scaffolds and for a much larger chemical space to identify lead therapeutics for various diseases.
Frailty screening in major cardiac surgical patients. Which tool is better for predicting poor outcomes?
Authors: Tatis Myriel Lopez , Rivera Carlos Amorós , Rodríguez Francisco Javier López , García María Elena Arnaiz , Arévalo-Abascal Ramón Adolfo , Vicente María Teresa Merino , Santos José María González , Varela Ana María Barral 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
To analyse the relationship between the degree of frailty and the risk of presenting poor short-term outcomes.
Methods
observational cohort study of the population ≥ 70 years of age undergoing elective and high-priority major cardiac surgery at our hospital. A total of 232 consecutive patients were enrolled in Salamanca University Hospital from October 2017-December 2019 This cohort study of 232 patients prospectively compared the results of the FRAIL questionnaire and the Fried Phenotype Criteria (FPC) and retrospectively adapted these tools based on the characteristics and confounding factors found in our sample. The individual items comprising the multi-item scales were then independently analysed using logistic regressions.
Results
Frailty was associated with increased mortality, although the differences were not significant. Standardizing the FPC improved its ability to identify frail patients (p = 0.027). Scores with both original tools were associated with a prolonged postoperative stay (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, a positive result on the FRAIL questionnaire was associated with a higher number of complications (p = 0.025). In our study, the predictive capacity emerged from specific items: grip strength, gait speed, illness, and resistance. We united these items with the severity of pulmonary hypertension to create a specific frailty scale for cardiac surgery, and the scores were significantly associated with a combined endpoint, containing death, prolonged stay, and/or presenting ≥ 3 complications (p = 0.011).
Conclusions
The results indicated that frailty determined by either of the original tools was associated with worse results after cardiac surgery. Likewise, milder degrees of frailty, which we call pre-frailty, can also anticipate poor outcomes, in some cases. Standardization of the FPC improved its predictive capacity. In our study, we designed a tool for cardiovascular patients that is predictive of poor postoperative outcomes. Adapting frailty tools is necessary to avoid confusion with cardiovascular disease.
Tunable sliding ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric coupling in two-dimensional multiferroic MnSe materials
Authors: Zhao Mingwen , Liu Kehan , Ma Xikui , Xu Shuoke , Li Yangyang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sliding ferroelectricity (SFE) found in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as BN and transition-metal dichalcogenides bilayers, open an avenue for 2D ferroelectric materials. The multiferroic coupling in 2D SFE materials is expected to bring about new concepts for spintronic memory devices. Here, using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the recently-synthesized MnSe multilayers [ACS Nano 15, 13794 (2021)] have large reversible out-of-plane electric polarization (~10.6 pC/m) and moderate interlayer sliding barriers superior to the existing 2D SFE materials. More interestingly, the intrinsic electric polarization is also accompanied by nonzero net magnetic moments whose direction is dependent on the electric polarization direction and thus can be switched by interlayer sliding. Additionally, both the SFE and magnetoelectric coupling can be effectively regulated by external strain and/or hole doping. Our findings suggest the potential of MnSe multilayers in 2D multiferroic and spintronic applications.
Silver lining to a climate crisis: multiple prospects for alleviating crop waterlogging under future climates
Authors: Liu Ke , Harrison Matthew , Yan Haoliang , Liu De Li , Meinke Holger , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Wang Bin , Peng Bin , Guan Kaiyu , Jaegermeyr Jonas , Wang Enli , Zhang Feng , Yin Xiaogang , Archontoulis Sotirios , Nie Lixiao , Badea Ana , Man Jianguo , Wallach D , Zhao Jin , Benjumea Ana , Zhang Yunbo , Wang Weilu , Fahad Shah , Tao Fulu , ZHANG Z , Rötter Reimund , Yuan Youlu , Zhu Min , Dai Panhong , Nie Jiangwen , Yang Yadong , Tian Xiaohai , Zhou Meixue 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Extreme weather events threaten food security, yet global assessments of crop waterlogging are rare. Here, we make three important contributions to the literature. First, we develop a paradigm that distils common stress patterns across environments, genotypes and climate horizons. Second, we embed improved process-based understanding into a contemporary farming systems model to discern changes in global crop waterlogging under future climates. Third, we elicit viable systems adaptations to waterlogging. Using projections from 27 global circulation models, we show that yield penalties caused by waterlogging increased from 3–11% historically to 10–20% by 2080. Altering sowing time and adopting waterlogging tolerant genotypes reduced yield penalties by up to 18%, while earlier sowing of winter genotypes alleviated waterlogging risk by 8%. We show that future stress patterns caused by waterlogging are likely to be similar to those occurring historically, suggesting that adaptations for future climates could be successfully designed using current stress patterns.
Hsa_circ_0002980 prevents proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of liver cancer cells through microRNA-1303/cell adhesion molecule 2 axis
Authors: Chen Wenxiang , Li Yiming , He Jun , Wang Yu , Liang Junjie , Yu Qiangfeng , Zhou Jianyin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Liver cancer (LC) is a hackneyed malignant tumor. And the dysregulation of circular RNA (circRNA) is relevant to the metastasis of LC. Hsa_circ_0002980 was unexpectedly found to be up-regulated in LC tissues, while its specific function remains unclear. Methods: Hsa_circ_0002980 expression was first confirmed by RT-qPCR. Then the impacts of circ_0002980 on the proliferation, metastasis, and EMT-related proteins of LC cells through clone formation, Flow cytometer, Transwell, and western blot. Besides, the relationship between circ_0002980 and miR-1303 or miR-1303 and CADM2 was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter assay, and the influences of these three genes on LC cell progression were determined through the rescued experiments.Results: Has_circ_0002980 expression was lowered in LC. And circ_0002980 overexpression had obvious inhibitory actions on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of LC cells. Besides, circ_0002980 specifically binds to miR-1303, the acceleration effect of miR-1303 overexpression on LC progression can be partially reversed by circ_0002980. Moreover, miR-1303 can also target CADM2, and CADM2-mediated prevention also could be attenuated by miR-1303 overexpression.Conclusions: In LC cells, circ_0002980 upregulation prevents cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT by affecting miR-1303/CADM2 axis. Therefore, we suggest that this axis may be a novel therapeutic target for LC.
Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction Coupled with Semipinacol Rearrangement for the Biosynthesis of Structurally Diversified Notoamides
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xu Wenqiang , Cao Ming-Ming , Tang Man-Cheng , Chang Yao-Wen , Lei Xin-Xiang , Tang Hong-Yu , Yuan Chunmao , Yang Jun-Bo , Zuo Zhili , Zeng Ying , Shen Yuemao , Di Ying-Tong , Wu Yun-dong , Hao Xiaojiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fungal prenylated indole alkaloids are a group of biologically diverse natural products featuring a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system and densely functionalized indole-derived units. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the assembly of the 2H-pyran moiety and stereochemically diversified bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane systems remain uncharacterized. Herein, we report that the spe gene cluster governs the biosynthesis of notoamide B and its congeners (1–6) in Aspergillus ochraceus. In particular, SpeE, a flavoprotein monooxygenase (FPMO), catalyzed the formation of the 2H-pyran moiety; SpeF and SpeG worked together to produce active unstable intermediates, the 17S-hydroxy-2R,3R-epoxide of notoamide E (16), followed by the sequential inverse electronically demanded hetero-Diels-Alder (IEDHDA) reaction and semipinacol rearrangement (SPR) to construct the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core and spiro-oxindole moiety in 1–6. Furthermore, enzymatic and nonenzymatic HDA and SPR steps were distinguished via chemical computations and metabolite profile analysis.