bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecoengineering techniques to investigate soil moisture dynamics and localized dry spots distribution on golf courses
Authors: Tazina S V , Tazin I I , Novolodskaya M S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The study is aimed at the effect of wetting agents on golf course fairways from ‘PLS’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). The study was conducted to determine the occurrence of localized dry spots (LDS) on the turfgrass, dynamic of soil moisture change and to find the most effective wetting agent. This study was conducted in climatic conditions of Central region of Russia, in golf club Skolkovo (Moscow region). The research is aimed at studying the demand on wetting agents in golf industry, that will help to estimate of their effectiveness and practicability. There were used methods: Advanced method of the definition of dry spots on turf; Advanced method of the definition of sand soil moisture. According to three data collections of visual turf conditions and soil moisture during growing season the worst result has shown B2 plot (product Liven, rate 20 l/ha). It had the most percent of damaged turf by localized dry spots. Later its conditions became better than B1 (Revolution, rate 20 l/ha), D9 and A1 (Liven, 20 l/ha), C4 (Dispatch, 5 l/ha) plots. G9 (untreated control) and C2 (Revolution, 10 l/ha) plots kept high level of soil moisture. Low level of soil moisture had C4 (Dispatch, 5 l/ha) and F8 (Revolution, 10 l/ha) plots. Mild and snowless winter has been contributed to slight deterioration of visual turf conditions. The highest percent of damages by dry spots had B2 plot (Liven, 20 l/ha), but the product showed a positive result. The most effective wetting agent turned out to be Revolution with application rate 10 l/ha.
Direct effect and aftereffect of sapropel on agricultural crops yield and agrochemical properties of light grey forest soil
Authors: Vasiliev O A , Andreeva O E , Vasiliev A O , Ilyin A N , Lozhkin A G , Eliseev I P , Fadeeva N A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper states that the research carried out during 2020-2021 revealed the optimal dose of sapropel application for agricultural crops in light grey forest soils, i.e., 30 t/ha. The combined use of sapropel and azofoska took the maximum direct effect and aftereffect in the variant (sapropel at a dose of 15 t/ha and azofoska at a dose of 200 kg/ha). The authors showed a positive role of sapropel not only as a source of plant nutrition elements but also as a stimulator of plant growth and development. The separate application of sapropel not only stimulates the development of cultivated plants but also increases the concentration of nutrients in the soil. However, it is insufficient to obtain high yields. The addition of azophoska to sapropel eliminates the lack of plant nutrients in the soil, as a result of which the maximum yield of agricultural crops is achieved. The use of fertilizers had a positive effect on the main indicators of soil fertility such as the content of organic matter, nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium in pH values of exchangeable acidity.
Improving safety during operation of gas turbine units
Authors: Abdrakhmanov N H , Zakirova Z A , Guryanova M N , Abdrakhmanova K N , Savicheva Yu N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article considers the possibility of improving the safety during operation of gas turbine plants due to improving the strength characteristics of rotor blades, by using ultra-finegrained ferrite-martensitic steel of the EI-961 class for their manufacture. It is known that one of the main elements of stationary gas turbine plants is rotor blades made of EI-961 steel, which is a typical representative of ferrite-martensitic steels. Due to the fact that the blade complex determines the safety and service life of gas turbine plants, improving the strength characteristics of ferrite-martensitic stainless steels, it is important and relevant to increase the reliable and safe operation of such plants. As a result, studies have been carried out using EI-961 - stainless heat-resistant high-alloy martensitic-grade chromium-nickel steel as the starting material. To form an ultrafine structure, the samples were subjected to intense plastic deformation followed by heat treatment. It was revealed that the use of intense plastic deformation by torsion and equivocal angular pressing led to a significant increase in the microhardness of steel EI-961, which in turn leads to an increase in strength characteristics. To evaluate the mechanical properties, tensile tests of standard samples were carried out, which showed that additional re-hardening of samples after standard thermal treatment of martensitic steel EI-961 led to an increase in strength, it is clear that in an ultrafine state, the strength gain is greater than in coarse-grained (in an ultrafine state - 30%, coarse-grained - 11%), while maintaining ductility 5%.
Effective course of pumping of a well rod pump
Authors: Ishmurzin A A , Mustafin V U 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Determining the length of the plunger’s pumping is an integral part of the calculation of the well pump. However, it should be borne in mind that the pumping course of the plunger is different for each well. Therefore, the article proposes to define it from the dynamogram, on the coordinate parameter “pumping course” which is length, starting from the point of the minimum load on the TPS before the start of the suction. The opening of the supercharged valve shows a minimum load level, which has reached the lowest value due to the maximum high pressure of liquid compression in the working cylinder, after opening load begins to increase. This is the main sign of the opening of the supercharged valve. Mathematical modeling of the interaction of the column of rods and liquid showed: the column of rods, having a higher mass than the mass of liquid, is not subjected to a large forced oscillation, which is reflected on the dynamogram. The opening moment of the discharge valve indicates the beginning of liquid injection or the effective stroke of the plunger, therefore, we need to find exactly this point on the dynamogram circuit.Towards the end of the turn down the column comes to its original state, freed from longitudinal bends and vibrations. Then it can be argued: on the distance of the plunger’s run his intermediate state cannot have an impact. However, this allegation requires proof.
Modeling of the optimal route of unmanned systems and positioning algorithms for monitoring man-made and natural fires
Authors: Sharafutdinov A A , Sharafutdinova A A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle – an aircraft without a crew on board. For many years, unmanned aerial vehicles have become very popular. The field of application of unmanned aerial vehicles is quite common. The article considers the scope of application of UAVs, developed a method of group use of unmanned aerial vehicles, as well as the prospects for the development of this area.
Quality indicators influencing the choice of potato harvester
Authors: Zh Shkaruba N , Leonov O A , Bogolubova D A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies related to the development of a methodology that allows you to determine the quality indicators that affect the choice of an agricultural producer when buying potato harvesters. As a result of approbation of the developed methodology, data have collected and a Pareto Chart of quality indicators affecting the choice of potato harvesters had constructed. ABC-analysis made it possible to identify three groups of the most important quality indicators of potato harvesters for the consumer.
Breeding indices for the creation of spring soft wheat varieties
Authors: Ilina S , Fadeev A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article is devoted to the search for possible “markers” of productivity that allow to get at least a preliminary assessment of the adaptive properties of the breeding material of spring soft wheat. The research conducted in the Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute – Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Centre of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitskogo”, on the breeding lines of spring soft wheat showed that when assessing productivity, the greatest information was obtained when evaluating in aggregate according to three indices: Mexican – Mx, Canadian – Ki, linear ear density – LPK. There are 2 breeding lines for economic validity and 2 for a set of breeding indicators.
Aspects of satellite and subsatellite studies of chlorophyll-a in Arctic waters
Authors: Kalinka O P , Vodopianova V V 
Published: February 2022

AbstractField studies of chlorophyll-a concentrations in high latitudes of Arctic waters (above 75° N) are limited due to the difficult ice conditions, while satellite studies are limited due to high clouds in the region. Full-scale data of chlorophyll concentration in the pelagial of the Barents Sea for 2013-2019 were included in the database at ArcGIS 10 platform. Comparison and correlation analysis of full-scale and satellite data (open NASA databases) at the same points for the same dates were carried out. A general underestimation of the satellite concentrations of chlorophyll-a was revealed for most stations. Time coverage of +/- 3 days produced a significant error in the verification results. Within the 1-2-day difference, the percentage of deviations decreased, but the tendency to underestimate satellite concentrations in relation to in-situ values persisted.
Number and species structure of communities of insectivorous biotopes of varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation of the urban landscape
Authors: Gorina N D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As a result of a two-year (2019-2020) study of the species diversity of insectivorous communities, captured in four biotopes of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok, located within the 5 km radius, with varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation (from native to urban cenosis), some differences in species wealth, population size, dominance structures of insectivorous in the biotopes studied have been found. At the early stage of landscape transformation in the zone of contact between a biotope and low-rise buildings, the anthropogenic factor acts most aggressively - the number of insectivores in catches increases. The community of a biotope of a later transformation stage, which has been under the influence of an aggressive environment for a long time, is not numerous. The species diversity of insectivorous communities is characterized applying information indices.
Condition and growth of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in irrigated forest belts of Saratov Trans-Volga steppe
Authors: Mashtakov Dmitriy A , Sadykov Airat R , Arestova Elena A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The research aim was to establish the regularities of condition and growth of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the irrigated forest belts in the steppe of Saratov Trans-Volga Region. The study object is a system of forest shelter belts under conditions of irrigation of dark chestnut soils of Saratov Trans-Volga steppe with tree species of the main and accompanying purpose - pedunculate oak, lanceolate ash (Fracsinus lanceolata L.) and squat elm (Ulmus pumila L.). The research in the field and materials processing were carried out in accordance with the methodology of specialized research institutes and leading scientists in the field of agroforestry. Forest belts located on agricultural land protect crops from the negative effects of drought and dry winds, optimize snow distribution in winter and irrigation regimes for crops during the growing season, and increase the crops productivity. Irrigation has the most important positive effect on growth and condition of tree species in forest belts and, as a result, on durability and reforestation efficiency of forest belts. The studies have shown that the average height and diameter of oak in the. irrigated forest belts mixed with different species are higher than those without irrigation by 15-26% and 34-39%, respectively. The oak growth in height in irrigated areas of forest belts exceeds its growth in height in areas of forest belts without irrigation by 1.5 times. The vital condition of oak in the irrigated forest belts is characterized by the prevalence of “slightly oppressed” (48%) and “healthy” oak trees (40%).
Agroforestry and climate smart agriculture to improve food security and resilience indigenous people in Teluk Patipi District Fakfak Regency West Papua Province
Authors: Tuturop Arnoldus , Nugroho Julius D. , Warawarin Avalinus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractShifting cultivation, as traditional agroforestry system with trial-and-error to provide sustainable land-use type, has been developed based on social, cultural and economic realities of local community. Development of shifting cultivation in Papua is usually to achieve household food security and economic access if their own needs fulfilled. However, the local agroforestry practices (LAPs) were still lack information on species diversity and technology. Enhancing the knowledge and skills of the LAPs are needed to improve modified agroforestry system for food security and climate change adaptation. Data was collected from households of Teluk Patipi District of Fak-Fak Regency using purposive sampling method through farm inventory. Through the modified agroforestry practice (MAPs), the production scale is expected to increase the local community income as well as to prepare food security in extreme climate conditions, the preservation of typical species, environmental conservation, and support low-carbon development strategy in West Papua.
Damage, Loss, Economic Pressure, and Time Required For Family Asset Recovery of Garut Flash Flood Survivor
Authors: Sunarti Euis , Mariam Erwini Hanna , Fadhlurrahman Zuhdi , Marwiah  , Faizh Fithriyah Aliya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Abstrak. The research was conducted to analyze the effect of damage, losses and economic pressures on the length of recovery of family assets experienced by families victims of flash flood in Garut in 2016. This study used a cross-sectional method and a retrospective study involving 120 examples selected disproportionally stratified random sampling by place of residence namely in shelters and non-shelters (60 families each). The results showed that there were no significant differences between damage and losses and the duration of recovery of assets in families living in shelters and non-shores, while economic pressures were higher for families living in shelters. An important finding of this study is that the average length of asset recovery is 482 months. The regression test results show that the higher the father’s education the faster the asset recovery, while the greater the value of damage and the greater the economic pressure, the longer the asset recovery.
Factors Determining the Welfare of the Sunda Strait Tsunami Victim’s Family. A Mechanism Disaster Impact on SDGs in Family Level
Authors: Sunarti Euis , Meliano Irwan , Pratama Cecep , Haksana Setya , Faizah Fithriyah Aliya , Khoiriyah Nikmatul , Novyanti Winny 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Sunda Strait Tsunami in December 2018 has prolonged impact on the welfare of victim’s families. This research aims to analyze factors determining family welfare after 27 month of Sunda Strait tsunami. Research involved 123 families consisted of two groups: refugees who living in shelter F(LS) and non-refugees who living in non shelter (FLNS). Almost two-thirds of the families stated that the impact of the tsunami is still disrupting their work, livelihood, and daily lives. Acceptance and gratitude lead to higher subjective well-being, although objectively, family welfare has not returned to how it was before the tsunami. The results of different tests showed that FLS families (compared to FLNS) had better conditions and the health of their homes as well as their livelihood strategies. The objective welfare of the family is negatively affected by economic pressures, while the subjective welfare of the family is negatively affected by both subjective and objective economic pressures. This research shows the importance of external parties helping the victim’s family to reduce their economic pressure, by providing access and opportunities for family income patterns. Subjective economic pressure is a direct mechanism of disaster disruption to welfare as one of the goals of sustainable development.
Localizing disaster risk reduction: a case study of community-based disaster preparedness in Bima and Palangkaraya Indonesia
Authors: Husein Rahmawati 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Abstract Community-Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) approaches are important elements to reduce vulnerability and increase resiliency in disaster risk areas. These are part of a new trend in localizing disaster risk reduction (DRR) which values the knowledge and capacities of local people and builds on local resources, including social capital. The CBDP in Indonesia has been initiated both by government and various actors such as NGOs, academia, and privates. This paper focuses on the CBDP initiatives called “MASTANA,” that are carried out by Muhammadiyah (MDMC), one of the largest Faith-Based Organization (FBO) in Indonesia in collaboration with local disaster management agency. This paper will describe how local communities through MASTANA program succeeded in formulating disaster preparedness strategies and situating them within wider local development planning. It also depicts how communities are able to integrate contingency and operational plans into planning document that was formalized and signed by the village head to guarantee the sustainability of DRR program. In addition, it will describe the formation of DRR forum that consist of various stakeholders including women and people with disabilities. Last, it will discuss challenges in using CBDP approaches at the village level.
Abrasive water jet machining of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites: a review
Authors: Virk Gurpreet Singh , Singh Balkar , Singh Yadvinder , Sharma Shubham , Ilyas R A , Patyal Vikas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Natural-fiber-reinforced composites are progressively attracting interest in the aerospace, automotive, aeronautics, and marine sectors due to their good strength-to-weight ratios, long lifetimes and cost-effectiveness. Traditional machining methods have trouble machining such composite materials. However, abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) provides an alternative quality machining method that can be accomplished by regulating various process variables. The efficiency of the AWJM method has been the subject of extensive study, due to its negligible heat-affected zone. This review attempts to focus on an exploration of the thermal and mechanical properties and the AWJM efficiency of various coir-fiber-based composites in relation to various parameters and to determine the best AWJM operating conditions. There are numerous process variables that influence AWJM machined surface quality. However, the standoff distance, hydraulic pressure, abrasive mass flow rate, nozzle diameter, and transverse speed are all important factors to consider. Kerf taper, kerf width, and surface roughness are considered key response factors.
Enhanced microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061 alloy via graphene nanoplates reinforcement fabricated by stir casting
Authors: Awate Pankaj P , Barve Shivprakash B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this research, graphene/Al6061 aluminum matrix nanocomposites were fabricated by stir casting, and the influence of graphene nanoplates on microstructure and mechanical properties of the 6061 aluminum alloy were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, tensile and hardness testing analysis methods. The major limitation in the utilization of 6061 aluminum alloy in heavy stress applications such as airplane fuselages, wings, internal panels, and luxury vehicles chassis is low strength and hardness. This deficiency of 6061 aluminum alloy was tackled by successful reinforcement of graphene nanoplates in 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt.%, using the stir casting process. The FESEM micrographs showed that the graphene nanoplates were uniformly distributed in the 6061-aluminum matrix alloy and tensile strength, hardness, and yield strength enhanced remarkably as compared with unreinforced 6061 aluminum alloy. The as-cast tensile strength, hardness, and yield strength of the graphene/Al6061 nanocomposites were improved by 127%, 158%, and 402%, respectively, compared with the unreinforced Al6061 alloy. It is concluded that the nano thickness of graphene, reinforcement quantity, and manufacturing process are the major factors for the enhancement of microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene/Al6061 nanocomposites.
Can Cross-Sectional Studies Contribute to Causal Inference? It Depends
Authors: Savitz David A , Wellenius Gregory A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cross-sectional studies—often defined as those in which exposure and outcome are assessed at the same point in time—are frequently viewed as minimally informative for causal inference. While cross-sectional studies may be susceptible to reverse causality, may be limited to assessment of disease prevalence rather than incidence, or may only provide estimates of current rather than past exposures, not all cross-sectional studies suffer these limitations. Moreover, none of these concerns are unique to or inherent in the structure of a cross-sectional study. Regardless of when exposure and disease were ascertained relative to one another, a cross-sectional study may provide insights into the causal effects of exposure on disease incidence. Simply labeling a study as “cross-sectional” and assuming that 1 or more of these limitations exist and are materially important fails to recognize the need for a more nuanced assessment and risks discarding evidence that may be useful in assessing causal relationships.
Probiotics for kidney disease
Authors: Favero Chiara , Ortiz Alberto , Sanchez-Niño Maria D 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Diet has long been known to influence the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may even result in acute kidney injury (AKI). Diet may influence kidney disease through a direct impact of specific nutrients on the human body through modulation of the gut microbiota composition or through metabolites generated by the gut microbiota from ingested nutrients. The potential for interaction between diet, microbiota and CKD has fueled research into interventions aimed at modifying the microbiota to treat CKD. These interventions may include diet, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplant and other interventions that modulate the microbiota and its metabolome. A recent report identified Lactobacillus casei Zhang from traditional Chinese koumiss as a probiotic that may protect mice from AKI and CKD and slow CKD progression in humans. Potential mechanisms of action include modulation of the gut microbiota and increased availability of short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties and of nicotinamide. However, the clinical relevance needs validation in large well-designed clinical trials.