bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crystalline Quartz-rich Raw Material from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania): Why is it called quartzite when it should be called quartz?
Authors: Tarriño Antonio , Ábalos Benito , Puelles Pablo , Eguiluz Luis , Mabulla Audax , Baquedano Enrique , Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Díez-Martín Fernando 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The major raw material documented in the archaeological sites of Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a geological material with crystalline appearance, white or colorless, foliated or seemingly massive only at the outcrop scale, with a very high quartz-rich composition, and apparently bearing a metamorphic origin (CQRM). Since the early days of research in Olduvai Gorge, a long-lasting terminological imprecision has allowed defining this material in a confused way as quartz or quartzite. Stubbornness in terminological imprecision reflects the complexity and specificity of CQRM related to a protracted and complex geological history composed by quartz-bearing metamorphic rocks of varied types and origins from recycling and/or tectonic reworking of much older Precambrian orogens and cratons. Currently the term quartzite is preferred by most researchers, despite being materials that have an appearance macro and microscopic similar to quartz and show a response to fracture mechanics and cutting-edge functional response is closer to quartz. In our view it is crucial to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the CQRM from the structural, metamorphic and petrological perspectives. Bearing this in mind, the main objective of the present study is to build a robust and conclusive background that will enable an accurate identification and classification of this quartz-rich mineral resource. This geological material should be identified as “Quartz” and he most diagnostic features supporting this interpretation can be summarized as: some of the microstructural relics identified concur undoubtedly with a hydrothermal origin, and the recognition of special deformational structures/microstructures point to tectono-metamorphic processes under granulite-facies conditions.
On the log-concavity of the n-th root of a sequence
Authors: Xia Ernest X. W. , Zhang Zuo-Ru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the log-concavity of the $n$-th root of a sequence $\{\sqrt[n]{S_n}\}_{n\geq 1}$ has been received a lot of attention. Very recently, Sun posed the following conjecture in his new book: the sequences $\{ \sqrt[n]{a_n}\}_{n\geq 2}$ and $\{ \sqrt[n]{b_n}\}_{n\geq 1}$ are log-concave, where \[a_n:= \frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{{n-1\choose k}^2{n+k\choose k}^2 }{4k^2-1} \]and \[b_n:= \frac{1}{n^3}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} (3k^2+3k+1){n-1\choose k}^2 {n+k\choose k}^2. \]In this paper, two methods, semi-automatic and analytic methods, are used to confirm Sun's conjecture. The semi-automatic method relies on a criterion on the log-concavity of $\{\sqrt[n]{S_n}\}_{n\geq 1}$ given by us and a mathematica package due to Hou and Zhang, while theanalytic method relies on a result due to Xia.
2010 Mathematics subject classification: 05A20; 05A10.
Mental and physical health in children of women with a history of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dobrescu Sandra Rydberg , Dinkler Lisa , Gillberg Carina , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria , Wentz Elisabet 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Few studies have investigated the offspring of women with anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this study was to examine perinatal status, mental and physical health in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. Fifty-one individuals with adolescent-onset AN and 51 matched controls (COMP) have been followed prospectively. Presently, 30 years after AN onset, at a mean age of 44 years, female participants who had given birth (nAN = 40, nCOMP = 40) were interviewed regarding psychiatric health in their offspring using the Developmental and Well-Being Assessment and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. In addition, information on the offspring’s perinatal status, psychiatric- and physical health was obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and The Swedish National Patient Register. Data regarding mental and physical health were available for 83 and 86 offspring in the AN and COMP groups, respectively. At birth, all of weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index were significantly reduced in the offspring of mothers with a history of AN. In adolescence, parental interviews indicated an overrepresentation of current psychiatric diagnoses in the offspring of mothers with AN. Compared with the offspring in the COMP group, endocrinological, immune and metabolic disorders were much more common in the offspring of the AN group. In conclusion, a history of AN increases the risk of worse perinatal outcome of the offspring. Later on, in childhood and adolescence, psychiatric and physical morbidity may be overrepresented in the offspring of women with AN.
Reset Time Extended CDS for low noise hyperspectral infrared focal plane readout circuits
Authors: Wu Shuang , Ding Ruijun , Chen Honglei , Liang Qinghua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Low noise is a significant performance requirement of Hyperspectral Shortwave Infrared Focal Plane Arrays Readout Circuit (ROIC) for its low radiation. And the current Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) technology for noise reduction needs to be further improved. The mechanism of extended reset time CDS, which has an impact on noise, is analyzed; By establishing the "first-order low-pass filter, delay-subtractor, sample-hold" model, the output noise power spectral density of image pixel ROIC as a function of CDS extended reset time is analyzed. To verify the analysis, a pixel integrated with low-noise Capacitive trans-impedance amplifiers (CTIA) and adjustable reset time CDS is designed. By extending the CDS reset time, the simulation result is consistent with the analysis. The number of noise electrons reaches 24.42e-, which is better than 50.11e-without CDS and 34.45e-without extending the reset time. The design of Reset Time Extended CDS can improve the noise performance of hyperspectral readout circuits, and can be widely used.
Fungi associated with hives and castes of the Amazonian stingless bees Melipona interrupta and Melipona seminigra
Authors: Tiago Michael Rubem Miranda , Cortez Ana Cláudia Alves , Souza João Vicente Braga , Brito Diana Vieira , Carvalho-Zilse Gislene Almeida 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The stingless bees Melipona interrupta and Melipona seminigra have great ecological importance as pollinators and economical importance for its honey production. They are associated with a great diversity of entomofauna and microbiota. To understand more about the microbiota associated with these species, this study carried out the morphological and molecular identification of fungi present in the internal hive environment and the brood cells of larvae and pupae (queen and workers) of M. interrupta and M. seminigra, during rainy and dry seasons. Isolated fungi were identified by two methods: analysis of morphological structures and sequencing of the rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. A total of 1.542 isolates were obtained. The filamentous fungi found were: Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Monascus ruber and Penicillium citrinum. The yeasts found were: Cystobasidium minutum, Debaryomyces hansenii, Starmerella apicola, Starmerella etchellsii and Wickerhamiella versatilis. Yeasts were found only in brood cells. The greatest diversity of fungi was observed in the rainy season for M. seminigra, and in the dry season for M. interrupta. There was a high overlap of fungi species associated with both species, but there were also specific associations. Starmerella etchellsii was found only in worker cells of M. interrupta, while Cystobasidium minutum in worker cells of M. seminigra. These findings raise questions about the different types of relationships that microbial communities have with bees in their different microenvironments, as well as with their castes, opening new and intriguing avenues of investigation.
Assessing the Extent of Electronic Procurement Adoption Challenges in the Public Sector of Ghana
Authors: Salifu Zaruk , Nangpiire Clement , Dawdi Abdul-Aziz , Yussif Fatawu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Electronic procurement implementation challenges are highly noticed in many African countries including Ghana despite the enormous benefit seen in nations that have adopted e-procurement. This study is quantitative by design and seeks to examine the extent of challenges that affect the implementation of electronic procurement. Knowledge of the extent of the challenges is essential to policy implementers to identify the significant challenges and the less significant challenges and prioritize their spending thereof due to the limited availability of resources. A total of three hundred and thirty-three (333) respondents’ whose schedules are procurement related in public institutions views were considered. The one-way analysis of variance is adopted to analyze the extent of e-procurement implementation challenges in public institutions and coefficients were reported at 95% CI and 5% significance level using (SPSS v20.0). The overall finding indicates that ICT contributes more to the implementation challenges of e-procurement than the institutional, employee, and supplier factors. Based on the finding, we recommend that regular training or seminars should be organized to equip employees with the necessary knowledge about e-procurement processes and procedures; ICT infrastructure needs of the public institutions must be given priority to ensure the smooth adoption of electronic procurement; there should also be an inclusion in the current procurement law through amendment, elements of e-procurement processes to facilitate the smooth adoption and e-procurement implementation.
Lookback options pricing model based on uncertain fractional differential equation
Authors: Wang Xiandong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Uncertain fractional differential equation is an excellent tool for modelling the uncertain dynamic process of stock price. This paper focuses on pricing lookback options, presents the fixed strike and floating strike lookback options pricing formulas for uncertain fractional differential equation with geometric canonical process and mean-reverting process, respectively. Besides, some numerical examples are also illustrated with respect to different fractional order.
Cellular senescence in cancer: a brief review
Authors: Niewinski Patryk , Golusiński Wojciech 
Published: December 2022

Certain cancer treatments cause an increase in the number of senescent cells in cancer and nonmalignant cells. Senescence which is characterized by telomere shortening, DNA damage, and improper expression of oncogenes are all examples of triggers that cause cellular senescence. Failure to rejoin the cell cycle after mitotic stimulation, resistance to cell death, and an increased secretory phenotype are all signs of senescence. A rising number of studies point that spontaneous senescence and therapy-induced senescence (TIS) play a strong role in cancer aggressiveness. Senescent cells may have a role in oncogenesis mainly through the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which produces an immunosuppressive environment. This aids in tumor development and relapse by secreting factors such as IL-6, IL-8, CCL5, VEGF, and CXCL5 that contribute to cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as immune-mediated clearance.
ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND PARTICIPATION LIMITATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OBESITY
Authors: İSKENDEROĞLU Ceren , SONBAHAR-ULU Hazal , İNCE Deniz , SAGLAM Melda , VARDAR YAGLI Naciye , DİK Jan , PEHLİVANTÜRK-KIZILKAN Melis , ÇALIK KÜTÜKCÜ Ebru 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Childhood obesity is one of the most severe public health problems in recent years. We aimed to compare physical fitness and activities of daily living (ADL)-participation limitations in adolescents with obesity and peers without obesity and investigate whether the differences in these parameters are affected by gender in this study.
Methods: Fifteen adolescents with obesity and 16 adolescents without obesity included in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness was determined using the Munich Physical Fitness Test (MFT) and Modified Shuttle Walk test (MSWT). ADL were determined using the TGlittre-P test, quality of life and participation was assessed using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI).
Results: The MSWT distance, peak oxygen consumption, and MFT total score were decreased in adolescents with obesity regardless of gender (p
Blue Green Systems for urban heat mitigation: mechanisms, effectiveness and research directions
Authors: Probst Noëmie , Bach Peter M. , Cook Lauren M. , Maurer Max , Leitão João P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reflected in the growing body of literature, urban heat mitigation is increasingly relevant as cities experience extreme heat, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanisation. Most studies focus on urban–rural temperature differences, known as the Urban Heat Island, which does not provide insight into urban heat dynamics. Here, we synthesise current knowledge on spatio-temporal variations of heat sources and sinks, showing that a targeted and absolute understanding of urban heat dynamics rather than an urban–rural comparison should be encouraged. We discuss mechanisms of heat sinks for microclimate control, provide a clear classification of Blue Green Systems and evaluate current knowledge of their effectiveness in urban heat mitigation. We consider planning and optimisation aspects of Blue Green Infrastructure (greenery and water bodies/features), interactions with hard surfaces and practices that ensure space and water availability. Blue Green Systems can positively affect urban microclimates, especially when strategically planned to achieve synergies. Effectiveness is governed by their dominant cooling mechanisms that show diurnal and seasonal variability and depend upon background climatic conditions and characteristics of surrounding urban areas. Situationally appropriate combination of various types of Blue Green Systems and their connectivity increases heat mitigation potential while providing multiple ecosystem services but requires further research.
DBU Mediated Efficient Synthesis of New N-(furan/thiophene/pyrrole-2-yl-
(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl)acetamides
Authors: Raju Rudraraju Ramesh , Maram Kalyan , Anitha Kowthalam , Sreenivasulu Reddymasu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
series of N-(furan/thiophene/pyrrole-2-yl-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl) acetamide
derivatives 4 has been depicted by one-pot three-component synthesis using 2-
naphthol 1 with aldehydes 2 and amides 3 in the presence of DBU as a catalyst in ethanol as
solvent under reflux condition for 110-120 min. This method has the advantages of good
yields, being environmentally friendly, straightforward protocol, short reaction times, and mild
reaction conditions.
Ammodaucus leucotrichus Acts as an Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant
Agent Through sGC and Prostaglandin Synthesis Pathways
Authors: Amtaghri Smail , Slaoui Miloudia , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Ammodaucus leucotrichus is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine
to treat various ailments, including hypertension.

Aims:
The study aimed to determine the antihypertensive activity of Ammodaucus leucotrichus.

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities of the
aqueous extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruits (ALAE) in rats.

Methods:
ALAE was prepared to study its antihypertensive effect in L-NAME (Nω-L-arginine methyl
ester)-induced hypertensive rats and its vasorelaxant activity in isolated thoracic aortas of rats.
The acute and subchronic effects of ALAE on systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, and heart
rate (HR) were evaluated after oral administration of ALAE (60 and 100 mg/kg body weight) for 6 h
for the acute experiment and over 7 days for the subchronic test. Isolated thoracic aortic rings were
prepared to examine the vasorelaxant action of ALAE. Several common pharmacological agents
were used to test potential pathways implicated in vasorelaxant action.

Results:
The results showed that ALAE reduced blood pressure parameters (systolic, mean, and
diastolic blood pressure) in L-NAME-induced hypertension rats after repeated oral treatment over
seven days without affecting normotensive rats. Furthermore, in thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted
with epinephrine (EP) (10 μM) or KCl (80 mM), ALAE (0.250-1.625 mg/ml) showed a vasorelaxant
effect. In isolated rat thoracic aortas, blockage of soluble guanylyl cyslase with blue methylene
(P < 0.01) partially decreased this vasorelaxant effect. In addition, blockage of the prostaglandin
synthesis pathway with indomethacin (P < 0.05) also reduced the vasorelaxant activity of ALAE.
Pretreatment of aortic rings with glibenclamide, propanolol, L-NAME, MLN-4760, or nifedipine
did not affect ALAE-induced vasorelaxation.

Conclusion:
Ammodaucus leucotrichus is a prescient medicinal plant, able to act as an antihypertensive
agent. Moreover, the results suggest that the extract increased cGMP in NO-independent manner.
Recent Progress in Palladium Catalysed Sustainable Synthesis of
Heterocycles
Authors: Saha Debasree , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Palladium metal has been extensively used in the synthesis of organic molecules
for the last few decades. Heterocyclic ring synthesis being a significant part of organic synthesis,
transition metal catalysis, especially catalysis by palladium, has been actively employed in heterocyclic
synthesis. However, since palladium is an expensive metal, there has always been an urge to
reuse or recycle the palladium catalyst to make the process economically viable. Modern synthetic
chemists are also in constant search for newer sustainable strategies for molecular synthesis, which
will lead to eco-friendly synthetic protocols. Thus, in the last few years, palladium catalysed green
synthesis of heterocycles has gained importance as these aim to make the synthetic organic chemical
world slightly more sustainable.

Methods:
This review comprises palladium catalysed synthetic strategies that proceed in a sustainable
fashion. A few protocols included here involve either organic solvent-free or greener solvents as
reaction medium, which is one of the modes adopted towards sustainability. Other modes of sustainability
included in this review are recyclability of the palladium catalyst, one pot tandem reaction
strategy, use of air as oxidant, etc. All these modes aim at achieving one or the other green chemistry
principles like reduction of waste and by-products, increasing atom economy, reduction of cost and
use of safer solvents.

Results:
The review aims to reflect the scope of sustainability in palladium catalysed synthesis of
heterocycles so that economically and environmentally viable synthetic methodologies may be selectively
identified and applied in academia and industries.

Conclusion:
Keeping the principles of green chemistry in mind, in this review, we aim to compile
the recent advancements in palladium catalysed sustainable synthesis of heterocycles in a single platter
that may serve as a piece of reliable literature for further research in this area.
Modified Polysaccharides and their Biomedical Applications: Advancement and Strategies
Authors: Singh Shilpa , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha , Gupta Ashok 
Published: December 2022

Background:Polysaccharides are a type of natural macromolecular polymer that can be found in plants, animals, fungi, algae, and marine organisms. Its activities have piqued the interest of researchers. The internal structure, as well as their chemical and physical properties, dictate how they work. Polysaccharide functionalities are progressively being chemically changed. Using this approach, polysaccharides' structural, physicochemical, and biological properties can all be altered.Aim and Methods:The review sought to provide an overview of polysaccharide modification but also biological use. Recent research has shown that chemically modifying polysaccharides may increase their immunological function as well as their antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, as well as other characteristics. There are several chemical modifications, including sulfation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and others. Modified polysaccharide recent developments are reviewed.Discussion and Result:Polysaccharide physiochemical properties and biological activity can change as their structural properties change. The structural modifications that occur depend on the source of the polysaccharides. Chemical modification has enormous promise for enhancing biomedical applications. These modified polysaccharides have made significant contributions to tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Modification of polysaccharides induces therapeutic benefits. The immunomodulation of polysaccharides and their derivatives, as well as their chemical modification, has been studied and discussed.Conclusion:These modified polysaccharides have the potential to be used for wound dressing, gene delivery, drug delivery, etc.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF POLAR FRACTION OF PAPAYA LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT (Carica papaya Linn.) AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kurniasari Margaretha , Sari Kurnia Rahayu Purnomo , Purnamaningsih Nur'aini 
Published: December 2022

Carica papaya is widely used as a traditional medicine society. Papaya leaves contain saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins which are believed to be antibacterial compounds. Objective to determine the antibacterial activities polar fraction of papaya leaf ethanol extract (Carica papaya Linn.) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Simplicia was extracted by ethanol 70% with the maceration method. Ethanolic extract was fractionated with ethanol water. Kirby Bauer diffusion method agar was used for antibacterial activities. The variable of this study was the concentration of the ethanol-water fraction of papaya leaf ethanolic extract (Carica papaya Linn.) 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 100% and the growth inhibition zone of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The data obtained were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA statistical method. Data analysis using the One Way ANOVA statistical test showed a significant difference in the treatment group to the zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria (sig=0.000). The zone of inhibition of the ethanol-water fraction against Staphylococcus aureus was the most optimum at a concentration of 100% at 14.75 mm, while the most optimum for Escherichia coli was at a concentration of 100% at 11.53 mm, but did not effective than positive control Chloramphenicol. Conclusion the ethanol-water fraction of papaya leaf ethanol extract (Carica papaya L.) could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.