bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective clinical study of tooth‐supported single crowns: A multifactor analysis
Authors: Hawthan Mohammed , Chrcanovic Bruno R. , Larsson Christel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of multiple factors on the survival of tooth‐supported single crowns and assess the biological and technical complications. This retrospective study included patients rehabilitated with single crowns with a minimum follow‐up time of 6 months after delivery. The cumulative survival rate was calculated over the maximum period of follow‐up time and reported in a life‐table survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between clinical covariates and crown failure. The included cohort group consisted of 1037 single crowns delivered in 401 patients and followed for a mean of 134.8 ± 80.2 months. Cumulative survival rate was 89.9% and 80.9% after 5 and 10 years and 70.5% and 61.8% after 15 and 20 years, respectively. The main reasons for single crown failure were loss of retention, tooth loss, and fracture. Anterior placement, non‐vital abutments, and bruxism significantly influenced the survival of single crowns. The survival of single crowns was not influenced by patient's age and sex, location of the crowns in relation to the jaws, type of tooth, presence of post and core, and type of crown material, treatment providers, or smoking. Anterior placement, non‐vital abutments, and bruxism are factors suggested to increase the risk of single crown failure and the prevalence of technical and biological complications.
Utility of Thromboelastography and velocity curve derivative in diagnosing COVID‐19 associated coagulopathy
Authors: Mohan Ganesh , Wilson William , Paonam Bemma , Vaidya Ashwinkumar , Ravindra Prithvishree , Shastry Shamee , Balakrishnan Jayaraj Mymbilly , Rao Shwethapriya , Chaudhuri Souvik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) can either be localized or systemic hypercoagulable state with increased risk of thromboembolism. This study looked into the usefulness of Thromboelastography (TEG) and the velocity curve (V‐curve) derivative from TEG in diagnosing and differentiating different stages of CAC.Materials and MethodsA prospective single cohort study of RT‐PCR confirmed COVID‐19 patients was carried out for 2 weeks. Severe COVID‐19 patients in the adult critical care units with a TEG report were recruited for the study. Citrated kaolin TEG was performed on the day of admission before anticoagulation. TEG parameters included were R and K time, alpha angle, maximum amplitude, clotting index, lysis at 30 min. The first‐degree velocity curve of TEG is plotted as V‐curve which extrapolates thrombus generation potential. Parameters analyzed were the maximum rate of thrombus generation as well as thrombus generated (TG).ResultsThe study included 43 patients with an average age of 58.34 (±15.35). TEG as well as V‐curve of all the patients were hypercoagulable compared with age‐matched reference range. We had 79.06% of patients in hypercoagulable stage. The mortality rate was 32.56% and 30.23% developed thrombotic incidents. Patients who succumbed to death had prolonged PT, aPTT, MA, Ly30, with a reduced TG (p < .05). The presence of fibrinolysis was associated with thromboembolism (OR = 6.76, CI = 1.48–25.82). Repeat TEG was done randomly in 11 patients and revealed a persistent hypercoagulable stage with increasing fibrinolysis activity.ConclusionTEG is a useful tool in diagnosing and categorizing Coagulopathy associated with COVID‐19.
Active commuting, commuting modes and the risk of diabetes: 14‐year follow‐up data from the Hisayama study
Authors: Honda Takanori , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Hata Jun , Chen Sanmei , Shibata Mao , Sakata Satoko , Furuta Yoshihiko , Higashioka Mayu , Oishi Emi , Kitazono Takanari , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe aimed to investigate the association of active commuting (cycling or walking to work), as well as the association of the individual commuting modes, with the risk of diabetes in a prospective cohort of community‐dwelling adults in Japan.Material and MethodsA total of 1,270 residents aged 40–79 years were followed up for a median of 14 years. Active commuting was defined as either cycling or walking to work. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association of active commuting with the risk of diabetes. Associations for different forms of active commuting (cycling, walking and mixed modes of cycling or walking with non‐active components) were also examined.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period, 191 participants developed diabetes. Active commuting was associated with a lower risk of diabetes than non‐active commuting after adjustment for potential confounders (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.92). With regard to the commuting modes, the risk of diabetes was significantly lower in individuals who commuted by cycling alone (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22–0.98), and tended to be lower in individuals who commuted by walking alone (HR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–1.02) compared with that in individuals with non‐active commuting. Meanwhile, no significant associations were observed for the mixed mode of walking and non‐active commuting (HR 1.69, 95% CI 0.77–3.71).ConclusionsActive commuting, particularly that consisting exclusively of cycling or walking, was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes. Our findings support a public health policy that promotes the choice of active commuting for the prevention of diabetes.
Ciliate research: From myth to trendsetting science
Authors: Plattner Helmut 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis special issue of the Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (JEM) summarizes achievements obtained by generations of researchers with ciliates in widely different disciplines. In fact, ciliates range among the first cells seen under the microscope centuries ago. Their beauty made them an object of scientia amabilis, and their manifold reactions made them attractive for college experiments and finally challenged causal analyses at the cellular level. Some of this work was honored by a Nobel Prize. Some observations yielded a baseline for additional novel discoveries, occasionally facilitated by specific properties of some ciliates. This also offers some advantages in the exploration of closely related parasites (malaria). Articles contributed here by colleagues from all over the world encompass a broad spectrum of ciliate life, from genetics to evolution, from molecular cell biology to ecology, from intercellular signaling to epigenetics, etc. This introductory chapter, largely based on my personal perception, aims at integrating work presented in this special issue of JEM into a broader historical context up to current research.
Observations of a species‐record deep dive by a central Pacific female scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini)
Authors: Anderson James M. , Rex Patrick T. , Maloney Kelsey , Johnston Mark , Verbeck Deron , Allen Neil , Holland Kim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA female scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) conducted a species record deep dive to 1240 m in coastal‐pelagic waters off Hawaii Island. This extends the deepest known depth range of the species by over 200 m (650 ft) and highlights the question of the extent to which deep‐diving activity is mediated by physiological constraints, such as temperature and oxygen availability.
Challenges faced by new nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jerome‐D'Emilia Bonnie , Suplee Patricia Dunphy , Linz Sheila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionCOVID‐19 can be considered a unique and complex form of trauma with potentially devastating consequences for nurses in general and new nurses specifically. Few studies have been published that explain how relatively new nurses were prepared for COVID‐19 in terms of knowledge and skill and how these nurses fared physically and emotionally.DesignA qualitative descriptive design utilizing purposive sampling to recruit a diverse group of nurses who were within 2 years post‐graduation from nursing school.MethodsIn‐depth interviews of 29 nurses were conducted using a semi‐structured interview guide to elicit data, which was coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsSix main themes and multiple subthemes were identified in the data. The main themes were: “We were not prepared,” “I was just thrown in,” “Avoiding infection,” “It was so sad,” “We did the best we could,” and “I learned so much.”ConclusionThe nurses who participated in this study expressed fear, weariness, exhaustion, isolation, and distress, observations echoed by studies from other countries. Retention of new nurses in acute care settings has always been a concern. In the recent Current Population Survey, a 4% reduction in nurses under 35 years of age has been reported, imperiling the retention of an effective workforce for decades to come.Clinical RelevanceA recent report suggests that a larger than expected number of young nurses have left the profession in the wake of the pandemic. Staff shortages threaten the ability of the remaining nurses to do their jobs. This is the time to listen to the needs of new nurses to retain them in the profession and to avoid an even greater shortage in the near future.
The contingent nature of broadband as an engine for business startups in rural areas
Authors: Duvivier Chloé , Bussière Claire 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe introduction of the Internet in the 2000s was believed to be an effective solution for helping rural economies but previous studies found mixed results. Following the prevailing COVID‐19 pandemic, the idea has surfaced that broadband accessibility would result in an increasing number of people and firms relocating to smaller towns and rural areas. In this study, we provide new evidence on the impact of ultrafast broadband on rural economies by considering industrial and spatial heterogeneity. To achieve this, we evaluated the impact of the French Very High‐Speed Broadband Plan on business startups in rural municipalities between 2013 and 2018 using difference‐in‐differences with prematching. The evidence reveals that positive broadband effects are limited to municipalities with good initial conditions in terms of local economic climate, natural amenities, and demographics. From a policy perspective, our results suggest that broadband is not a panacea, and focusing on broadband access only is likely to have little impact in structurally weak rural areas.
Envelopes for censored quantile regression
Authors: Zhao Yue , Van Keilegom Ingrid , Ding Shanshan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose an efficient estimator for the coefficients in censored quantile regression using the envelope model. The envelope model uses dimension reduction techniques to identify material and immaterial components in the data, and forms the estimator based only on the material component, thus reducing the variability of estimation. We will demonstrate the guaranteed asymptotic efficiency gain of our proposed envelope estimator over the traditional estimator for censored quantile regression. Our analysis begins with the local weighing approach that traditionally relies on semiparametric ‐estimation involving the conditional Kaplan–Meier estimator. We will instead invoke the independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) representation of the Kaplan–Meier estimator, which eliminates this infinite‐dimensional nuisance and transforms our objective function in ‐estimation into a ‐process indexed by only an Euclidean parameter. The modified ‐estimation problem becomes entirely parametric and hence more amenable to analysis. We will also reconsider the i.i.d. representation of the conditional Kaplan–Meier estimator.
Diversity initiatives in the US workplace: A brief history, their intended and unintended consequences
Authors: Portocarrero Sandra , Carter James T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiversity initiatives are designed to help workers from disadvantaged backgrounds achieve equitable opportunities and outcomes in organizations. However, these programs are often ineffective. To better understand less‐than‐desired outcomes and the shifting diversity landscape, we synthesize literature on how corporate affirmative action programs became diversity initiatives and current literature on their effectiveness. We focus specifically on work dealing with mechanisms that make diversity initiatives effective as well as their unintended consequences. When taken together, these literature point to several inequality‐specific omissions in contemporary discussions of organizational diversity initiatives, such as the omission of racial inequality. As we contend in the first section of this review, without affirmative action law, which initially tasked US employers with ending racial discrimination at the workplace, we would not have diversity initiatives. We conclude by providing directions for future research and elaborating on several core foci that scholars might pursue to better (re)connect issues of organizational diversity with the aims of equity, equality and social justice.
Repeatability and reproducibility of a hyperspectral imaging system for in vivo color evaluation
Authors: Blaksley Carl , Udodaira Kumiko , Yoshida Mie , Nicolas Alexandre , Velleman Damien , Casolino Marco , Flament Frederic 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundColor imaging is a tried and true method for the evaluation of cosmetic and dermatological effects, but it fails to capture all the information in a scene's spectral reflectance. For this reason, there has been in recent years increasing interest in the use of imaging spectrometers for clinical studies and product evaluation.Material and methodsWe developed a novel HyperSpectral Imager (HSI) able to take in vivo full‐face format images as a next generation instrument for skin color measurement and beyond. Here, we report part of the results of our first full‐scale validation test of the HSI. We replicated a make‐up foundation screening test by applying three products to a panel of 9 models and evaluated the product L∗, a∗, b∗, and ∆E effect immediately after application relative to the bare skin condition. We repeated this test twice in order to study the repeatability of the HSI as an evaluation instrument and during each test two different operators duplicated the data acquisition so we can assess the reproducibility of the measurements.ResultsWe find that the measurements from the HSI provide repeatability and reproducibility as good or better than those of our previous benchmark devices.ConclusionFrom these results, we conclude that not only is the HSI suitable for use in color evaluation studies, but also that it gives operational advantages over the previous generation of evaluation instruments, as it provides a spectral measurement combined with good spatial resolution. This allows for analysis of color over an area and post hoc selection of study regions and so opens new possibilities for studies of complex in vivo phenomena which neither non‐imaging spectrometers nor conventional cameras can pursue. This study also raises points for future work concerning proper inclusion of instrument uncertainty in comparisons of results between instruments and handling of systematic uncertainties from analyses based on a single area.
Fleas from common rodent species are an unlikely source of plague (Yersinia pestis) in managed forests of northwestern Oregon, USA
Authors: Hanselmann Rhea , Dizney Laurie J. , Bron Gebbiena M. , Jolles Anna E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental change can alter the susceptibility of wildlife hosts to pathogens and provide an opportunity for disease emergence. We explored Yersinia pestis prevalence in fleas from three rodent species inhabiting intensively managed forests in Oregon, USA. Y. pestis was not detected in the 145 fleas (3 families and 9 species) collected. Our results suggest a low public health threat from plague in this anthropogenically altered landscape and contribute to regional Y. pestis monitoring efforts.
Uncertainty Analysis and Sensitivity Estimation on an Artillery External Ballistic System
Authors: Tong Nichen , Liu Qiming , Han Xu , Wu Xingfu , Zhang Zheyi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the design of artillery external ballistics, sensitivity analysis can effectively quantify the influence of multi-source uncertain parameters on the dispersion of projectile landing points to improve the precise attack ability of artillery. However, for a complicated artillery external ballistic system containing multiple inputs and outputs, its mapping relationships are not definite under uncertainty and it is difficult to estimate a comprehensive sensitivity index due to involving the calculation of high dimensional integral. Therefore, a sensitivity analysis method based on the combination of variance and covariance decomposition with the approximate high dimensional model representation (AHDMR) is proposed to measure the influence of muzzle state parameters, projectile characteristic parameters, etc. on projectile landing points under uncertainty in this paper. First, we establish the numerical simulation model of artillery external ballistics by combing the external ballistic theory and Runge–Kutta algorithm to acquire the mapping relationships between the uncertain input parameters and the dispersion of projectile landing points and implement uncertainty analysis under different uncertainty levels (UL) and distributions. Then, with the use of a set of orthogonal polynomials for uniform and Gaussian distribution, respectively, the high dimensional model representation of the mapping relationship is approximately expressed and the compressive sensitivity indices can be effectively estimated based on the Monte Carlo simulation. Moreover, the comparison results of two numerical examples indicate the proposed sensitivity analysis method is accurate and practical. Finally, through the method, the importance rankings of multi-uncertain parameters on projectile landing points for two distributions are effectively quantified under the UL = [0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05].
Examining Whether Physical Activity Location Choices Were Associated With Weekly Physical Activity Maintenance Across 13 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Emerging Adults
Authors: Yi Li , Wang Shirlene D. , Chu Daniel , Ponnada Aditya , Intille Stephen S. , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Recent studies have shown potentially detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity (PA) in emerging adults (ages 18–29 y). However, studies that examined the effects of COVID-19 on PA location choices and maintenance for this age group remain limited. The current study investigated changes in PA location choices across 13 months during the pandemic and their associations with PA maintenance in this population. Methods: Emerging adults (N = 197) living in the United States completed weekly survey on personal smartphones (May 2020–June 2021) regarding PA location choices and maintenance. Mixed-effects models examined the main effects of PA location choice and its interaction with weeks into the pandemic on participants’ PA maintenance. Results: On a given week, participants performing PA on roads/sidewalks or at parks/open spaces were 1½ and 2 times as likely to maintain PA levels, respectively. Moreover, after September 2021, weeks when individuals performed PA on roads/sidewalks had a protective effect on PA maintenance. Conclusions: Performing PA on roads/sidewalks and at parks/open spaces was associated with PA maintenance during the COVID-19 pandemic. PA promotion and intervention efforts for emerging adults during large-scale disruptions to daily life should focus on providing programmed activities in open spaces to maintain their PA levels.
Zoonotic acquisition of cutaneousSporothrix braziliensisinfection in the UK
Authors: Rachman Raissa , Ligaj Marcin , Chinthapalli Suchitra , Serafino Wani Robert 
Published: May 2022

A veterinarian presented with multiple erythematous tender nodules over his right hand and arm. One month prior to the appearance of the lesions, he had treated a cat imported from Brazil who had ulcerated pustular cutaneous lesions. Despite antibiotic treatment there had been no improvement in his symptoms.Biopsies from the patient were sent for histology, bacterial and fungal culture. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains showed a PAS positive oval yeast-like micro-organism with surrounding necrosis. Fungal cultures resemblingSporothrixspecies grew after 18 days with typical appearances seen on direct microscopy; this was confirmed asSporothrix brasiliensison 18S PCR. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole.This is a unique case of cutaneousS. brasiliensisacquired from an infected imported cat.S. brasiliensisis a rare pathogen in the UK. This case has clinical relevance due to its unusual aetiology and in raising awareness of rarer infections associated with importation of pets and global travel. Clinicians should be aware of sporotrichosis as a differential diagnosis for cutaneous and extracutaneous infection in patients with a high risk of exposure, as well as the use of appropriate diagnostic tests.
Combination release of chemokines from coated coils to target aneurysm healing
Authors: Laurent Dimitri , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Dodd William S , Martinez Melanie , Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Hosaka Koji , Motwani Kartik , Hoh Brian 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundMonocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and osteopontin (OPN) have been identified separately as key mediators of the aneurysm healing process following coil embolization in the rodent model. The ability of protein coated coils to accelerate this process is currently unknown.ObjectiveTo create coils coated with both MCP-1 and OPN to target aneurysm healing.MethodsWe used a polymer (poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone)) (Rao pharmaceuticals) (CG910) to test whether coils could be dual coated with active proteins with sequential reliable release. Coils were coated with poly-DL-lactic glycolic acid (PLGA), CG910, and subsequently dipped with protein OPN (inner layer for delayed release) and MCP-1 (outer layer for initial release). Release assays were used to measure protein elution from coils over time. To test in vivo feasibility, coated coils were implanted into carotid aneurysms to determine the effect on aneurysm healing.ResultsThe in vitro protein release assay demonstrated a significant amount of OPN and MCP-1 release within 2 days. Using a 200 µg/µL solution of MCP-1 in phosphate-buffered saline, we showed that CG910 coated coils provide effective release of MCP over time. In the carotid aneurysm model, MCP-1 and OPN coated coils significantly increased tissue ingrowth (74% and 80%) compared with PLGA and CG910 coated coils alone (58% and 53%). To determine synergistic impact of dual coating, we measured ingrowth for MCP-1/OPN coils (63%) as well as overlap coefficients for NOX4 and NFκB with CD31.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that MCP-1 and OPN coated coils are viable and may promote early aneurysm healing. Dual coated coils may have synergistic benefit given different location of protein interaction measured in vivo. Further work is warranted.