bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaseous Entrainment Dynamics in a Viscous Pool Due to Combined Influence of Asymmetric Rotational Field and Crossflow of Air
Authors: Panda Santosh Kumar , Rana Basanta Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Efforts are made to perform simulations to describe the gaseous entrainment dynamics in a viscous liquid pool due to the combined influence of asymmetric converging rotational field and continuous freestream flow of air. A pair of counter-rotating and equal sized rollers is placed inside the pool along a horizontal line. Gerris is an open-source solver, which is employed to carry out the present computational study. Complex interfacial configurations are illustrated with the influence of relevant input parameters, such as rotation of rollers 1 and 2 (measured by Capillary number, Ca1=Rω1μl/σ and Ca2=Rω2μl/σ, where R=D/2 is roller radius), submersion depth (b*), the gap between the rollers (2a*), and strength of air stream flow (measured by Reynolds number, Reflow=ρgUD/μg). It has been observed that the depth of steady entrainment is reduced at Reflow≠0 compared to Reflow=0 because the hydrodynamic force acts as an opposing force to viscous pumping and rotating inertia. A complete understanding of disintegration of and subsequent accumulation of gaseous bubbles from the cusp tip is characterized in detail. In addition, the influence of viscous drag (specified by Morton number, Mo=gμl4(ρl−ρg)/(ρl2σ3)) and gravitational pull (estimated by Archimedes number, Ar=gD3ρl2/μ2) on the phase contours are also reported. Finally, an analytical formulation is proposed to analyze the structure of entrainment, and this model reports an excellent match with the numerical findings.
Effect of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets on choroidal thickness in myopic children: a 2-year randomised clinical trial
Authors: Huang Yingying , Li Xue , Wu Junqian , Huo Jiawen , Zhou Fengchao , Zhang Jiali , Yang Adeline , Spiegel Daniel P , Chen Hao , Bao Jinhua 
Published: September 2022

Objective
Spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL) showed effective myopia control. This study was to investigate their effects on macular choroidal thickness (ChT) in myopic children.

Methods
Exploratory analysis from a 2-year, double-masked, randomised trial. 170 children aged 8–13 years with myopia between −0.75D and −4.75D, astigmatism of 1.50D or less, and anisometropia of 1.00D or less were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive HAL, SAL or single vision spectacle lenses (SVL). The subfoveal, parafoveal and perifoveal ChT were evaluated every 6 months.

Results
154 participants completed all examinations. The ChT showed significant changes over time in all three groups in all regions (all p<0.05). The ChTs continuously decreased in the SVL group (ranging from −20.75 (SD 22.34) μm to −12.18 (22.57) μm after 2 years in different regions). Compared with the SVL group, ChT in the SAL group decreased less (ranging from −16.49 (21.27) μm to −5.29 (18.15) μm). In the HAL group, ChT increased in the first year and then decreased in the second year (ranging from −0.30 (27.54) μm to 8.92 (23.97) μm after two years). The perifoveal ChT decreased less than the parafoveal ChT, and the superior region decreased the least.

Conclusions
The ChT of the macula decreased after 2 years of myopia progression with SVL. Wearing spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets reduced or abolished the ChT thinning and HAL had a more pronounced effect.

Trial registration number
ChiCTR1800017683.
Two unique biological response-modifier glucans beneficially regulating gut microbiota and faecal metabolome in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis animal model, with potential applications in human health and disease
Authors: Preethy Senthilkumar , Ikewaki Nobunao , Levy Gary A , Raghavan Kadalraja , Dedeepiya Vidyasagar Devaprasad , Yamamoto Naoki , Srinivasan Subramaniam , Ranganathan Natarajan , Iwasaki Masaru , Senthilkumar Rajappa , Abraham Samuel J K 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe gut microbiome and its metabolites are influenced by age and stress and reflect the metabolism and health of the immune system. We assessed the gut microbiota and faecal metabolome in a static animal model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).DesignThis model was subjected to the following treatments: reverse osmosis water, AFO-202, N-163, AFO-202+N-163 and telmisartan treatment. Faecal samples were collected at 6 and 9 weeks of age. The gut microbiome was analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequences acquired by next-generation sequencing, and the faecal metabolome was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsGut microbial diversity increased greatly in the AFO-202+N-163 group. Postintervention, the abundance of Firmicutes decreased, whereas that of Bacteroides increased and was the highest in the AFO-202+N-163 group. The decrease in the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and other Firmicutes and the abundance of Turicibacter and Bilophila were the highest in the AFO-202 and N-163 groups, respectively. Lactobacillus abundance was highest in the AFO-202+N-163 group. The faecal metabolite spermidine, which is beneficial against inflammation and NASH, was significantly decreased (p=0.012) in the N-163 group. Succinic acid, which is beneficial in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, was increased in the AFO-202 group (p=0.06). The decrease in fructose was the highest in the N-163 group (p=0.0007). Isoleucine and Leucine decreased with statistical significance (p=0.004 and 0.012, respectively), and tryptophan also decreased (p=0.99), whereas ornithine, which is beneficial against chronic immune-metabolic-inflammatory pathologies, increased in the AFO-202+N-163 group.ConclusionAFO-202 treatment in mice is beneficial against neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, and has prophylactic potential against metabolic conditions. N-163 treatment exerts anti-inflammatory effects against organ fibrosis and neuroinflammation. In combination, these compounds exhibit anticancer activity.
Institutional choice among medical applicants: a profile paper for The United Kingdom Medical Applicant Cohort Study (UKMACS) prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Harrison David , McManus IC , Rees Eliot L , Woolf Katherine 
Published: September 2022

PurposeTo generate a large cohort of those in 2019 seriously considering applying to study Medicine, collecting data on a range of socioeconomic and other demographic factors that influence choice of medical schools and to link to other datasets to form a longitudinal study of progress through medical school and careers in medicine.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire studies, part of the longitudinal UK Medical Applicant Cohort Study (UKMACS).SettingUK medical school admissions in 2020.ParticipantsUK residents aged 16+ and seriously considering applying to study Medicine. The cohort was primarily drawn from those registering in 2019 for the U(K)CAT (University Clinical Aptitude Test (formerly the UK Clinical Aptitude Test)) with additional potential applicants responding to an open call. Participants consented to their data being linked within the UK Medical Education Database.Findings to dateUKMACS Wave 1 questionnaire respondents consisted of 6391 consenting respondents from across the UK. In 2019, 14 980 of the 17 470 UK-domiciled medicine applicants were first-time applicants. The questionnaires show that many of these applicants have a need for more help and guidance to make informed choices, with less advantaged groups reporting themselves as being at a disadvantage when applying due to limited understanding of information and limited access to guidance to enable informed and effective decision-making.Future plansTo link the cohort with successive Universities and Colleges Admissions Service and other datasets to analyse outcomes of applications and establish national longitudinal evidence to understand how medical choices are made and how they impact on educational, career and workforce outcomes.
Comparative effectiveness of bisphosphonate treatments for the prevention of re-fracture in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Hongmin , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Kim GaYoon , Bae Seowoo , Lee Hyeju , Nam Seonghee , Ahn Jeonghoon 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundLong-term usage of glucocorticoids results in a loss of bone mass and a higher risk of fracture, and the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis is glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). For preventing GIOP, bisphosphonate (BP) is widely used. However, analysis on BP’s effect on the prevention of re-fracture is insufficient. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the comparative treatment effect and prevention of re-fracture according to the type of BP in GIOP as the basis for a reliable clinical strategy for patients.Methods and analysisWe will search electronic databases of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE using a comprehensive search strategy in December 2021 with no language restriction. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs, controlled trials and cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of BP to the patients with GIOP will be included in this study. The primary outcome will be the incidence of hip, vertebral and other fractures. The secondary outcome will include percentage changes on the bone mineral density and incidence of re-fracture. Assessing risk of bias for included studies is done using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies–of Intervention tool. If quantitative synthesis is possible, a meta-analysis will be performed. A subgroup analysis will be conducted to compare re-fracture rate on the patients with GIOP who experience previous fractures. This study’s result will provide evidence for the effectiveness of BP in the prevention of re-fracture on patients with GIOP.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated through publishing in a peer-reviewed journal or public presentations. Ethical approval is not required as this is a systematic review of publicly available data.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022343787.
Appraising the safety and reporting quality of thread-embedding acupuncture: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Woo Yeonju , Kwon Bo-In , Lee Dong Hyuk , Kim Yongjoo , Suh Jin-woo , Goo Bonhyuk , Nam Sang-Soo , Kim Joo-Hee 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThread-embedding acupuncture (TEA) is a special type of acupuncture treatment in which medical threads are inserted into subcutaneous tissues or muscles at therapeutic points. TEA is a medical practice that combines acupuncture and medical threads. As such, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of TEA. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety of TEA and reporting quality of studies regarding TEA.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Searching strategies will be systemically conducted using the following databases from their inception date to September 2022: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CiNii, J-STAGE, Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), ScienceON and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS). The search strategies will be adjusted for each database as appropriate. The risk of bias will be assessed using the McMaster tool to identify the quality of harm assessment and reporting in study reports (McHarm). A meta-analysis will be used to synthesise the frequency and incidence of adverse events.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval and consent is required for this systematic review. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022297123.
Pharmacotherapy in paediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Zhou Fangwen , Deng Jiawen , Banfield Laura , Thabane Lehana , Sadeghirad Behnam , Samaan M Constantine 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents have risen globally over the past few years. While a few diabetes pharmacotherapies have been used in this population, their comparative benefits and harms are unclear. Thus, we will conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies for managing paediatric T2DM.Methods and analysisWe will include RCTs that enrolled T2DM patients ≤18 years of age and who were randomised to monotherapy or combination pharmacotherapies with or without lifestyle interventions. Comparator groups will include placebo or non-pharmacological treatments including lifestyle interventions.Treatment outcomes will include change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin A1c, body mass index z-score, weight, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and lipid profiles, T2DM-related complications, as well as the incidence of treatment-related adverse events.Literature searches will be conducted in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science. We will also search the grey literature and the reference list of included trials and relevant reviews. Two reviewers will assess the eligibility of articles identified through our searches and will extract data from eligible studies independently. We will use a modified Cochrane instrument to evaluate the risk of bias. Disagreements will be resolved through consensus or arbitration by a third reviewer.A frequentist random-effects model will be used for conducting NMA. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis platform. We will assess the effect modification through network meta-regression and subgroup analyses for sex, age at study inclusion, duration of T2DM, follow-up duration and risk of bias ratings.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not require ethics approval. We will disseminate our findings through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022310100.
Nurse staffing and inpatient mortality in the English National Health Service: a retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Zaranko Ben , Sanford Natalie Jean , Kelly Elaine , Rafferty Anne Marie , Bird James , Mercuri Luca , Sigsworth Janice , Wells Mary , Propper Carol 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of nursing team size and composition on inpatient hospital mortality.DesignA retrospective longitudinal study using linked nursing staff rostering and patient data. Multilevel conditional logistic regression models with adjustment for patient characteristics, day and time-invariant ward differences estimated the association between inpatient mortality and staffing at the ward-day level. Two staffing measures were constructed: the fraction of target hours worked (fill-rate) and the absolute difference from target hours.SettingThree hospitals within a single National Health Service Trust in England.Participants19 287 ward-day observations with information on 4498 nurses and 66 923 hospital admissions in 53 inpatient hospital wards for acutely ill adult patients for calendar year 2017.Main outcome measureIn-hospital deaths.ResultsA statistically significant association between the fill-rate for registered nurses (RNs) and inpatient mortality (OR 0.9883, 95% CI 0.9773 to 0.9996, p=0.0416) was found only for RNs hospital employees. There was no association for healthcare support workers (HCSWs) or agency workers. On average, an extra 12-hour shift by an RN was associated with a reduction in the odds of a patient death of 9.6% (OR 0.9044, 95% CI 0.8219 to 0.9966, p=0.0416). An additional senior RN (in NHS pay band 7 or 8) had 2.2 times the impact of an additional band 5 RN (fill-rate for bands 7 and 8: OR 0.9760, 95% CI 0.9551 to 0.9973, p=0.0275; band 5: OR 0.9893, 95% CI 0.9771 to 1.0017, p=0.0907).ConclusionsRN staffing and seniority levels were associated with patient mortality. The lack of association for HCSWs and agency nurses indicates they are not effective substitutes for RNs who regularly work on the ward.
Development of obstetric-hepatology services: defining optimal care and impact of pregnancy counselling on patient experience
Authors: Rahim Mussarat Nazia , Hedley Catherine , Frick Alex , Chung Yooyun , Penna Leonie , Long Lisa , Williamson Catherine , Heneghan Michael A 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivePrepregnancy counselling (PPC) is an important aspect of care for women with chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver transplantation (LT), yet its impact has not been well described. This study aims to assess the experience of women attending a joint obstetric-hepatology PPC clinic in a single-centre unit.Design/methodsA retrospective questionnaire-based study in a tertiary unit within the UK where patients who attended the PPC clinic between March 2016 and July 2021 were invited to participate by filling in a questionnaire. Descriptive data and free-text content were subsequently analysed.Results108 women attended the PPC clinic over a 5-year period. Overall, 58/108 (54%) completed the questionnaire. Principal concerns regarding pregnancy included fears around deterioration in health (66%), maternal death (24%), pregnancy loss (66%), medication effects (60%) and disease transmission (36%). 17/58 (14%) patients felt the presence of multiple doctors was intimidating, however, perceptions improved by the end of the consultation.Overall, 44/58 (76%) respondents felt the clinic helped them reach a decision about pursuing pregnancy. Almost all respondents would recommend the clinic to others. There were no major differences in pregnancy outcomes between those that received PPC and those that did not.ConclusionThe PPC clinic facilitates a personalised approach to care and is well received by patients with CLD/LT. It is difficult to elucidate whether attendance alone impacts on pregnancy outcomes; registry data may be better placed at addressing this important question.
Alterations to the duodenal microbiota are linked to gastric emptying and symptoms in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Shanahan Erin R , Kang Seungha , Staudacher Heidi , Shah Ayesha , Do Anh , Burns Grace , Chachay Veronique S , Koloski Natasha A , Keely Simon , Walker Marjorie M , Talley Nicholas J , Morrison Mark , Holtmann Gerald J 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a complex disorder, with debilitating epigastric symptoms. Evidence suggests alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) motility, visceral hypersensitivity, permeability and low-level immune activation in the duodenum may play a role. However, we still have a relatively poor understanding of how these factors interact to precipitate the onset of FD symptoms which are frequently meal related. The duodenal microbiota, in combination with specific dietary substrates, may be important mediators in disease pathophysiology; however, these interlinked factors have not been thoroughly investigated in FD.DesignEighty-six individuals (56 FD, 30 controls) undergoing endoscopy were consecutively recruited and underwent detailed clinical assessment, including upper GI symptoms, gastric emptying and dietary assessment. Duodenal biopsies were obtained aseptically, and the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) analysed via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsThe relative abundances of predominant members of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidota and Fusobacteriota phyla were linked to symptom burden in FD. Inverse relationships between the relative abundances ofStreptococcusandPrevotella,and the relative abundance ofVeillonellaspp with gastric emptying time, were also observed. No significant differences in long-term nutrient intake or diet quality were found between FD and controls, and there appeared to be limited association between habitual diet and duodenal MAM profiles.ConclusionThis study suggests a link between the duodenal MAM, gastric emptying and FD symptoms, and this is largely independent of long-term dietary intake.
Urine proteomic insights from the belimumab in lupus nephritis trial
Authors: Weeding Emma , Fava Andrea , Mohan Chandra , Magder Laurence , Goldman Daniel , Petri Michelle 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveUrine proteomic approaches have shown promise in identifying biological pathways in lupus nephritis (LN) which are not captured on renal histopathology or by measurement of proteinuria alone. We investigated how the urine proteome changes with treatment response and with belimumab therapy.MethodsUrine samples from 54 Belimumab International Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Lupus Nephritis trial participants (all with biopsy-proven LN) were collected at weeks 0, 24 and 52. At each time point, 1000 urinary proteins were quantified using antibody microarrays (Raybiotech Kiloplex), and their abundance was compared in responders (n=31) versus non-responders (n=22) and with belimumab treatment (n=28) versus standard of care therapy (n=26). Response was defined as proteinuria <500 mg/gcreatinine (cr), serum creatinine ≤1.25 times the week 0 value and prednisone ≤10 mg/day at week 52.ResultsBy week 52, CD163 was the urine protein with the most significant difference in abundance between complete responders (median 1.8 pg/mgcr) versus non-responders (median 8.2 pg/mgcr, p=4e-7) regardless of treatment arm. At week 24, five urinary proteins were present at a significantly lower (CD23 and Siglec-5) or higher (AIF, CRELD2 and ROR2) level in the belimumab group. Belimumab therapy was particularly associated with reduction in CD23 between week 0 and week 24 (p=0.0001).ConclusionsReduction in urinary CD163 was strongly associated with complete renal response, confirming the results of multiple prior studies. Treatment with belimumab can be detected in the urine proteome, and further study is needed to determine whether modulation of CD23-mediated immune enhancement pathways might be implicated in LN treatment response.
Ares
: Adaptive, Reconfigurable, Erasure coded, Atomic Storage
Authors: Nicolaou Nicolas , Cadambe Viveck , Prakash N. , Trigeorgi Andria , Konwar Kishori , Medard Muriel , Lynch Nancy 
Published: September 2022

Emulating a shared
atomic
, read/write storage system is a fundamental problem in distributed computing. Replicating atomic objects among a set of data hosts was the norm for traditional implementations (e.g., [
11
]) in order to guarantee the availability and accessibility of the data despite host failures. As replication is highly storage demanding, recent approaches suggested the use of erasure-codes to offer the same fault-tolerance while optimizing storage usage at the hosts. Initial works focused on a fixed set of data hosts. To guarantee longevity and scalability, a storage service should be able to dynamically mask hosts failures by allowing new hosts to join, and failed host to be removed without service interruptions. This work presents the first erasure-code -based atomic algorithm, called
Ares
, which allows the set of hosts to be modified in the course of an execution.
Ares
is composed of three main components: (i) a
reconfiguration protocol
, (ii) a
read/write protocol
, and (iii) a set of
data access primitives
(DAPs)
. The design of
Ares
is modular and is such to accommodate the usage of various erasure-code parameters on a per-configuration basis. We provide bounds on the latency of read/write operations and analyze the storage and communication costs of the
Ares
algorithm.