bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of functional disability among older adults in Ghana: A multi-level analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) Wave II
Authors: Darkwah Kwasi Adjepong , Iddi Samuel , Nonvignon Justice , Aikins Moses 
Published: November 2022

Background
Functional disability is a common public health problem that affects the health and quality of life of older adults. This causes them to be highly dependent on other members of their family, receive home care, or to be institutionalized. Although functional disability has been widely studied in developed country settings, very limited studies have focused on age-related functional disability in sub-Saharan Africa, and in particular Ghana. The purpose of this study is to assess various factors associated with the difficulties in performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older adults in Ghana.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data on 1610 older adults aged 50 years and above from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) survey Wave II conducted in Ghana. Nine standard functioning difficulty tools of WHODAS II was used for the analysis. The WHODAS II offers continuous summary scores with higher scores showing higher disability, and vice versa. A multi-level regression model was used to identify individual and household level risk factors linked to the functional disability of older adults.

Results
Female older adults (53.7%) reported having functional disability. The mean functional disability among older adults aged 50 years and above was 5.2 (± 5.9). Results indicated that older adults who are females, aged 70 years and above, and had three or more chronic conditions had a higher functional disability. Also, older adults who have adequate fruit intake and belong to wealthier households were found to have a lower functional disability.

Conclusions
The study reveals that functional disability among older adults is frequent in Ghana and is associated with having three or more chronic conditions and being overweight/obese. Prevention of functional disability in old age in Ghana is therefore a matter of great social and economic concern, which calls for coordinate efforts across the board to mitigate this public health challenge.
FLAVONOIDS OF SOME PLANT SPECIES OF THE GENERA SILENE
Authors: Zibareva Larisa Nikolayevna , Filonenko Elena Sergeyevna , Chernyak Elena Il'inichna , Morozov Sergey Vladimirovich , Kotelnikov Oleg Alekseyevich 
Published: November 2022

The composition of flavonoids of 12 species of plants of the genus Silene introduced into Western Siberia was studied for the first time. The C-diglycoside of apigenin, shaftoside, was isolated from the aboveground part of S. chalcedonica, the structure of which was identified by HPLC, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. In all other studied species, the presence of shaftoside and other C-glycosides of flavones was established on the basis of HPLC data. C-diglycoside of apigenin - vicenin-2 was first identified in S. sendtneri, S. roemeri, S. viridiflora, S. paradoxa, S. nemoralis, S. frivaldszkyana, S. colpophylla, S. linicola, S. caramanica.
The most common in the studied Silene species are the apigenin monoglycosides vitexin and isovitexin and a number of their derivatives, luteolin derivatives orientin and others are found a little less frequently. The highest content of flavonoids in the aboveground part of the studied species is characterized by S. nemoralis (6.75%), high – S. chalcedonica, S. paradoxa, S. frivaldszkyana, S. caramanica, S. sendtneri (3.35–5.15%). The major component in the sum of flavonoids is shaftoside, the proportion of which in most species ranges from 50 to 90%. It is shown that the composition of flavonoids changes during vegetative development. The phases of maximum accumulation of flavonoids in the aboveground part of 4 Silene species have been determined. In general, the studied Silene species are promising sources of C-glycosylflavones.
BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL SEED OF WINTER CAMELINA DEPENDING ON THE REGION OF CULTIVATION
Authors: Prakhova Tat'yana Yakovlevna , Turina Elena Leonidovna 
Published: November 2022

The object of the study was oilseeds of winter camelina grown in regions with contrasting climatic conditions: the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Penza Research Institute of Agriculture) and the steppe zone of Crimea (Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea).
The aim of the study is to determine the biochemical parameters of winter camelina, to study its fatty acid and amino acid composition, depending on the region of cultivation.
The climate of the Middle Volga region is temperate continental. The amount of annual precipitation varies from 350 to 750 mm, the average annual temperature is 5.3 °С. The climate of the steppe Crimea is continental, the average annual temperature reaches 10.2 °С, the amount of precipitation per year is 350–450 mm.
The largest share in camelina seed oil is linolenic acid, the percentage of which was 33.79 (Crimea) and 34.87 (Penza). The concentration of linoleic and oleic acids is 16.12–17.98 and 14.82–15.70%, depending on the growing region. The content of palmitic acid is 4.93 and 5.17%, eicosene – 15.46 and 15.84%, erucic 3.15 and 3.16%. The ratio of linolenic (ω-3) and linoleic (ω-6) acids is on average 2 : 1.
In the seeds of camelina, 18 amino acids were identified, including 9 irreplaceable ones, the content of which was 7.28 and 8.53%. Camelina proteins contain a high amount of leucine (2.14–3.02%), valine (1.01–1.25%), lysine (1.07–1.28%), proline (1.02–1.45%), glycine (1.13–1.46%), alanine (0.93–1.22%), serine (1.02–1.26%) and methionine (0.34–0.37%).
It was found that camelina oilseeds contain tocopherols 0.085-0.098%, carotenoids 0.002%, steroids 0.144–0.145% and squalene 0.09–0.10%, depending on the region.
Deutschsprachige Regionalpresse im Ausland. Fallstudie am Beispiel der „Batschkaer Spuren“
Authors: Földes Csaba 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes the specific linguistic situation of print media in German language abroad based on the example of the “Batschkaer Spuren”, a regional newspaper of the German minority in Hungary. The goal is a linguistic assessment of the current manifestations of the used media language regarding its typological structures and fundamental characteristics. Additionally, journalistic possibilities and types of procedures, specifically with regards to regionalisms (informed by local dialects), multilingualism, and inter- as well as transculturality are discussed.
The study identified a spectrum of minority-specific patterns und types of linguistic composition with highly variable characteristics of German. The analyzed linguistic practices of the newspaper show a type of dynamic multiliteracy that in itself causes an emergence of new patterns. The majority of findings can be attributed to multilingual or language-contact induced phenomena on different levels: from word to text/discourse (the text routines are occasionally influenced by the contact language Hungarian). The other central aspect of the analyzed text world lies in the regionalisms that are influenced by local dialects. The complete picture is determined by heterogeneity and inconsistency and presents itself as a mixture of linguistic and stylistic forms. Especially noteworthy is the established conflict between orality and scribality i.e., between a “language of proximity” and a “language of distance”. Hence, the analyzed newspaper articles present a large quantity of forms and structures of every-day written language that metaphorically can be termed “Parlando texts”.
Improving the automatic target recognition algorithm’s accuracy through an examination of the different time-frequency representations and data augmentation
Authors: Sazdic-Jotic Boban , Bondzulic Boban , Bajcetic Jovan , Andric Milenko , Pokrajac Ivan , Obradovic Danilo , Zrnic Bojan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This research focuses on an improved automatic target recognition algorithm for solving the classification challenge of ground-moving targets from pulsed-Doppler radar. First, it was studied how decision-making intervals affect the proposed algorithm. Second, the altering of the data augmentation process was investigated. Third, a consideration of the three time-frequency signal representations and finally the use of different deep learning models for the classification issues were examined. It is proven that the proposed algorithm can efficiently recognize all targets enclosed in the publicly available RadEch dataset, with 4 s of radar echoes. When the decision-making time is only 1 s, a classification probability of 99.9% was obtained, which is an improvement related to the other research studies in this area. Furthermore, when the decision-making time is reduced 16 times the classification accuracy is reduced by only 1.3%. Moreover, the proposed algorithm was successful on another dataset enclosing ground-moving targets from comparable pulsed-Doppler radar.
Does cystatin C have an immunomodulatory role in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Authors: Söbü Elif , Yildiz Zeynep 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Studies which report cystatin C’s (Cys-C) role in immunological disorders are increasing. However, data in the pediatric age group is limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum Cys-C levels and thyroid autoantibodies in children and adolescents diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Methods
The patient group was included 50 participants aged between 3 and 18 years, and the control group included 50 healthy children matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Patients with hypothyroidism or taking any medication were not included in the study. Fasting glucose, liver enzymes, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, Cys-C, free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) levels were recorded in all subjects.

Results
The mean age of control group was 13.5 ± 2.5 years, and the mean age of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) group was 14.2 ± 2.7 years, no statistically significant differences existed (p=0.205). Cys-C values were significantly higher in the HT group than in the control group (p=0.041). When all cases were evaluated, Cys-C levels were statistically positively correlated with fT3, TPOAb, and TGAb values (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.013 respectively).

Conclusions
Based on the results of our study, Cys-C levels in children and adolescents with euthyroid Hashimoto thyroiditis were statistically higher than their healthy peers. In conclusion, it can be said that Cys-C may be a factor in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis, and even small changes in TSH values affect Cys-C levels.
Longitudinal analysis of factors related to Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese adults
Authors: Gong Yan , Luo Yi , Chen Zhilai , Sui Ying , Zheng Yansong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This research aimed to analyze lifestyle-related factors which influence Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and outcomes in Chinese adults. A single-center, retrospective study was performed from January 2012 to December 2020. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect relevant lifestyle information, and the 13C-urea breath test was used to diagnose active Hp infection. A total of 18,211 subjects were enrolled in the study, of which 5,511 were females (30.26%). Subjects were studied longitudinally for up to five follow-up visits. At baseline, gastric Hp test was negative in 10,670 subjects (58.59%) and positive in 7,541 subjects (41.41%). Males exhibited a significantly higher Hp infection rate than females (38.56% vs 2.65%, respectively; χ
2 = 26.45, P < 0.001). Throughout the course of follow-up, Hp positive rates in the subjects decreased (

χ

trend

2

{\chi }_{\text{trend}}^{2}

= 666.04, P < 0.001). Among the subjects with baseline negative results, 3–6% changed from negative to positive during follow-up. In contrast, among those with baseline positive results, >70% remained positive, and 21–26% changed from positive to negative. However, only 22–27% of Hp-infected subjects received pharmacotherapy. The results indicate the prevalence of Hp infection is high in the Chinese population. That additional effort is required to prevent and control Hp infection.
Microstructure of a chrome-boriding of induction hardened DIN Ck 45 steel
Authors: Topuz Polat 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, boriding of DIN Ck 45 steel, which is hard chrome plated after induction hardening, is used as a linear shaft in 3D printers. The boriding treatment, which was carried out by the pack-boriding method, was carried out in an atmosphere-controlled furnace at 1273 K for 2 h. The thickness, morphology, hardness, and chemical composition of the boride layer formed on the sample surface as a result of the boriding process using Ekabor 2 boriding agent were examined and compared with the un-borided sample. The microstructure images were obtained with a digital camera integrated into an optical microscope, and these images were analyzed in detail with the help of an image analysis program. After the optical microscope examinations were completed, point EDX analyzes were performed on the image obtained with the help of SEM. As a result of EDX analysis, it was determined that the layer formed on the material surface was only chromium boride formed by the interaction of chromium and boron element. Finally, the hardness measurements of the borided sample were carried out with the help of Vickers indenter and then differences were compared with the un-borided sample.
Effects of raster angle in single- and multi-oriented layers for the production of polyetherimide (PEI/ULTEM 1010) parts with fused deposition modelling
Authors: Yilmaz Musa , Yilmaz Necip Fazil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Material type and part deposition orientation are two important concerns in additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing methods utilized by the industry are generally based on polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. However, in present commercial applications, besides extensive use of PLA/ABS, their low strength has emerged as their biggest disadvantage. However, polyetherimide (PEI)/ULTEM 1010 parts represent high-performance engineering thermoplastics and offer superior mechanical properties with high thermal stability. On the other hand, selection of an appropriate raster angle orientation for single- and multi-oriented layers is also of considerable interest. A comprehensive study has been conducted herein on the building of a part using the FDM method using PEI/ULTEM 1010, and attempts have been made to identify the effects of raster angle in single- (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) and multi-oriented (0/90°, 30°/−60°, 45°/−45°, 0°/90°/45°/−45°) layers. PEI specimens were manufactured via 3D printer, and the mechanical behaviour (tensile, bending and hardness) of the printed parts was correlated with their structures. Morphological properties of tensile fracture surface of 3D printed samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis indicated that a 0° part deposition orientation offers optimal mechanical properties because of the bonding structure.
Mechanical performance and weldability of HARDOX 450/AISI 430 grade joined by TIG double-sided arc welding
Authors: Teker Tanju , Gençdoğan Denizer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
AISI 430 and HARDOX 450 grades were combined using tungsten inert gas double-sided welding process. Microstructural changes were evaluated with scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometry, electron back scatter diffraction, elemental mapping, X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical diffenrences of welded alloys were determined by tensile, notch impact and microhardness tests. Failure surfaces of tensile samples were examined by SEM. The maximum tensile strength was 513.59 MPa and the impact energy was 77 J at welding speed of 0.01 m min−1 at current of 475 A. The lowest hardness was determined in HAZ due to excessive grain size. Failure exhibited brittle fracture and cleavage planes.
Minimization of release bearing load loss in a clutch system for high-speed rotations using the differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Karaduman Alper , Lekesiz Huseyin , Yildiz Ali Riza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Diaphragm spring is a critical part of a clutch system because it affects the release bearing load characteristics directly and that determines the quality of disengagement. Bearing load provides required clamping for coupling however it may vary significantly during the engagement/disengagement process. A significant drop in bearing load may be experienced especially for high engine velocities for certain bearing displacement due to centrifugal forces occurring on the fingertips of diaphragm springs. The falling in release bearing load is undesirable for comfortable driving and clutch performance. This problem has not been addressed clearly in technical literature. In this study, the diaphragm spring for a C-segment passenger car is optimized using a differential evolutionary algorithm, and an optimized diaphragm was manufactured for testing. The load-bearing characteristics of the optimized diaphragm were compared with those of the currently available diaphragm spring. Loss of bearing load occurring in high-speed rotations was significantly reduced for the optimized diaphragm. Parameters influencing the performance were identified using parameter influence analysis, and a robust disengagement behavior was actualized using the optimization process.
Multiaxial fatigue behavior of a 2198-T8 Al–Li alloy under proportional and nonproportional loading
Authors: Su Wei , Zhu Hong Mei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
2198-T8 Al–Li alloy was examined under different loading path. Uniaxial and multiaxial proportional and nonproportional loading tests were conducted to determine the material fatigue constant, and to study the multiaxial fatigue behavior, respectively. The multiaxial fatigue life was estimated by various criteria. The results show that, the torsional fatigue performance is better than the tension–compression fatigue performance. The fatigue life of nonproportional loading increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of phase difference from 0° to 90°. Shear Findley model and SWT model were modified by introducing shear damage parameters. The modified models provide fine results which are all within a factor of two.
Effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rotary friction welded AISI 1018/AISI 1020 asymmetrical joints
Authors: Thirumalaikkannan Dhamothara Kannan , Paramasivam Sivaraj , Murugesan Seeman , Visvalingam Balasubramanian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Asymmetrical joints (joining of the plate with rod) were joined using traditional fusion welding processes. However, the usage of unsuitable filler wire tends to lower weld penetration over the material surface, which also results in the attainment of hot or solidification cracks over the weld surface. To overcome these issues, solid-state welding processes are preferable. This study investigates the rotary friction welding (RFW) of AISI 1018 low carbon steel plate with AISI 1020 low carbon steel rod of asymmetrical joints. The friction welding process parameters such as rotational speed were taken as variable, and other parameters like friction pressure, forging pressure, friction time, and forging time were kept constant in this investigation. The impact of rotational speed on macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical characteristics of joints such as microhardness, tensile strength, and fractography studies was analyzed. The fractured surface of the tensile specimen was examined through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The maximum tensile strength of the joint about 452 MPa was observed. Maximum hardness at the weld interface was perceived at about 252Hv. Increasing rotational speed tends to increase the strength of the asymmetrical steel joints in rotary friction welding.
Hybrid pencil beam model based on photon characteristic line algorithm for lung radiotherapy in small fields
Authors: Cui Fengjie , Gu Shaoxian , Wang Ningyu , Yin Chuou , Zhang Shengyuan , Hu Jinyou , Cai Yunzhu , Wu Zhangwen , Gou Chengjun , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHybrid pencil beam model (HPBM) based on photon characteristic line algorithm has been presented to get accurate three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution for lung radiotherapy in small fields. In the model, we introduced a scattering factor to accurately describe the transport behavior of scattered photons and secondary electrons, combined with the equivalent depth correction and the weighted density correction. The pencil beam kernels of heterogeneous lung phantoms were redefined by the scattering factor and depth dose for a reference field by photon characteristic line algorithm. Subsequently, the 3D dose distribution in lung phantoms with density of 0.1, 0.26, and 0.4 g/cm3, was calculated by the Finite-size pencil beam algorithm in five regular fields and an irregular field for 6 MV photon beam. The dose distributions obtained by the HPBM are in agreement with those obtained by the MC simulations, with a relative error of less than 3% in most of the cases. However, there are apparent discrepancies at media interfaces and lung anterior portion. Moreover, at media interfaces, relative dose errors of the two methods decrease with the increase in field size and lung density. The depth range in which relative errors is greater than 3% increases with the increase in field size at lung anterior portion. In these examples, maximum relative errors are between 5 and 29%. Nevertheless, it is shown that the HPBM based on photon characteristic line algorithm has potential research values in lung dose calculation under conditions of small fields.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EMERGENT WRITING USING SALT TRAY: WHO IS SUPERIOR?
Authors: Fidrayani Fidrayani 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. This study aims to determine gender differences in writing ability initially using salt tray learning media in group A. Type of research used is pre-experimental research with the design design of one pre-test post-test group, which is an experiment carried out in one group without a comparison group. The results of the study there were significant differences, obtained a value of 0.000 < 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a gender difference between women who are more dominant than men in the ability to write initially using salt tray learning media in early childhood.Keywords: salt tray; writing competence; gender perspective; early childhood Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan gender pada kemampuan menulis awalnya menggunakan media pembelajaran baki garam pada anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pra-eksperimen dengan desain satu kelompok post-test pre-test, yaitu eksperimen yang dilakukan dalam satu kelompok saja tanpa adanya kelompok pembanding. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan, diperoleh nilai 0,000 < 0,05. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan gender antara perempuan yang lebih dominan dibandingkan laki-laki dalam kemampuan menulis pada awalnya menggunakan media pembelajaran baki garam pada anak usia dini.Kata Kunci: kompetensi menulis; jenis kelamin; salt-tray