bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Influence on Physical Activity Levels among Children and Adolescents in Western China in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Shi Mengyao , Shi Yuqing , Zhao Zuhang , Zhai Xiangyu , Fan Xiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the levels of physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents in western China, and the influence of parents on their PA, in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This cross-sectional study used a multistage questionnaire to evaluate 4800 children and adolescents of grades 4–12 (9-17 years old) from 48 primary and secondary schools across 16 districts and counties in western China. In addition to PA, questionnaires collected data on demography, family structure, and exercise habits. Data were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, Spearman’s correlation, and logistic regression models in SPSS.Results: In this study, a minority (42.1%, n=1553) of children and adolescents met the daily exercise target (60 min) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) level of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. Regardless of sex, children with the highest MVPA levels were those in grades 4–6, and PA levels decreased with increasing age. Furthermore, for every hour of increase in the daily MVPA of parents, the MVPA also increased by 6.1–13.9 min in children and adolescents. Moreover, areas of higher economic development were associated with lower levels of MVPA.Conclusions: Overall, this study found a low level of MVPA in children and adolescents of western China; both family structure and parental activity have a significant influence on the PA levels. Nevertheless, the impact of COVID-19 on PA levels has not been entirely negative.
A clinical study involving 72 cases of multiple magnetic beads in the gastrointestinal tract of children
Authors: Li XianLing , Zhang QinMing , Lu ShouYan , Liu TingTing , Li ShuanLing , Chen Long , Xie FangNan , Wang Li , Zhang ChuangHui , Wang DaYong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to better understand the harm caused by accidental ingestion of multiple beads in children and to improve the consequent management outcomes.
Materials and Methods
Data collected for the analysis of 72 children involved the patient's sex, age, medical history, place of residence (rural or urban) and symptoms, as well as the caregiver's level of education, the location and number of any foreign bodies found during the procedure, whether perforations were confirmed during the procedure, and the number of erroneous ingestion of magnetic beads. Statistical analysis was performed.
Results
There were no statistical differences between the perforated group and the unperturbed group in terms of age, sex, medical history, and number of magnetic beads ingested (P > 0.05). However, there were statistical differences in white blood cell count (P = 0.048) and c-reactive protein levels (P = 0.033), where values were higher in the perforated group than in the non-perforated group.
Conclusion
Abdominal ultrasound and/or abdominal upright x-ray analysis should be performed as soon as possible for rapid diagnosis. Immediate surgical intervention is usually required. Given the serious consequences of ingesting such foreign bodies, it is vital to educate parents and/or caregivers not to keep such products away from young children.
Continuous Voluntary Care Service for Older People in the Chinese Community
Authors: Xin Ying , An Jianzeng , Xu Jia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: China has limited and expensive paid formal care services and weak unpaid informal family care support for older people, which has caused a care service shortage for older people. Therefore, voluntary care service in the community is important for older people to satisfy their unmet care needs. However, the continuity of voluntary community care services can be improved regarding incentive integration for volunteers. This study analyzes if the community voluntary care services can continuously impact volunteers’ willingness to offer care services for older people. Methods: The study conducted a semi-structured interview analysis based on 15 interviews. Results: It identifies internal incentives, including altruism, social interaction, and self-realization, and external incentives, including social support, specification impetus, and benefit attraction, which all impact volunteers’ willingness to offer voluntary care services for older people. Conclusions: Integrating internal and external incentives strengthens volunteers’ care service activity for providing voluntary care services.
ATRA stimulates the expression of MMP2 and TGF-β2 via RDH5 in retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Mao Yumei , Lan Changjun , Tan Qingqing , Zhou Guimei , Xiang Xiaoling , Lin Jia , Liao Xuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) transcription levels, and the effect of RDH5 on MMP-2 and TGF-β2.
Methods
After ARPE-19 cells intervened with gradient concentrations of ATRA (0–20 µM) for 24 h, flow cytometry was used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of cells in each group, and qRT-PCR was used to detect RDH5, MMP2 and TGF-β2 mRNA expression. Then, after ARPE-19 cells transfected with three different siRNA targets for 48 h, the RDH5 knockdown efficiency of each group and expression of MMP-2 and TGF-β2 mRNA within them was detected by qRT-PCR.
Results
Flow cytometry showed that ATRA could inhibit the proliferation of and promote the apoptosis of RPE cells, and the difference of apoptosis was statistically significant when the ATRA concentration exceeded 5 µM and compared with the normal control group (P = 0.027 and P = 0.031, respectively). qRT-PCR results showed that ATRA could significantly inhibit the expression level of RDH5 mRNA (P < 0.001), and promote the expression of MMP2 and TGF-β2 mRNA (P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner, especially when treated with 5 µM ATRA. The knockdown efficiency of RDH5 siRNA varies with different targets, among which RDH5 siRNA-435 had the highest knockdown efficiency, i.e., more than 50% lower than that of the negative control group (P = 0.02). When RDH5 was knocked down for 48 h, the results of qRT-PCR showed that the expressions of MMP-2 and TGF-β2 mRNA were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
ATRA inhibited the expression of RDH5 and promoted myopic signaling factors MMP2 and TGF-β2, and further RDH5 knockdown significantly upregulated MMP-2 and TGF-β2. These findings suggest that RDH5 may be involved in myopia development mediated by ATRA.
Highly bright silica-coated InP/ZnS quantum dot-embedded silica nanoparticles as biocompatible nanoprobes
Authors: Ham Kyeong-Min , Kim Minhee , Bock Sungje , Kim Jaehi , Kim Wooyeon , Jung Heung Su , An Jaehyun , Song Hobeom , Kim Jung-Won , Kim Hyung-Mo , Rho Won-Yeop , Lee Sang-Hun , Park Seung-min , Kim Dong-Eun , Jun Bong-Hyun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Quantum dots (QDs) have outstanding optical properties such as strong fluorescence, excellent photostability, broad absorption spectra, and narrow emission bands, which make them useful for bioimaging. However, cadmium (Cd)-based QDs, which have been widely studied, have potential toxicity problems. Cd-free QDs have also been studied, but their weak photoluminescence (PL) intensity makes their practical use in bioimaging challenging. In this study, Cd-free QD nanoprobes for bioimaging were fabricated by densely embedding multiple indium phosphide/zinc sulfide (InP/ZnS) QDs onto silica templates and coating them with a silica shell.
Results
The fabricated silica-coated InP/ZnS QD-embedded silica nanoparticles (SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs) exhibited hydrophilic properties because of the surface silica shell, and the maximum PL intensity of the SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs was approximately 98.4 times higher than that of a single hydrophilic cadmium selenide/ZnS (CdSe/ZnS) QDs. Moreover, the brightness of the particles could be easily controlled by adjusting the amount of InP/ZnS QDs in the SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs. When SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs were administered to tumor syngeneic mice, the fluorescence signal was prominently detected in the tumor because of the preferential distribution of SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs, demonstrating their applicability in bioimaging with NPs.
Conclusion
Thus, SiO2@InP QDs@SiO2 NPs have the potential to successfully replace Cd-based QDs as highly bright and biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobes.
Epidemiology and Clinical findings of Tinea Capitis: A 23-year retrospective, single-centre study in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Cai Wenying , Huang Junhao , Li Jiahao , Lin Li , Xi Liyan , Zhang Junmin , Li Xiqing , Zhou Zhen , Tang Ying , Liu Hsingmei , Zhang Jing , Lu Sha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Tinea capitis (TC) is one of the most common public health concerns due to high incidence in preadolescent children. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of TC varies depended on geographical regions and has changed over the past decades.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify epidemiological changes in recent decades, including prevalence, clinical and mycological characteristics of TC in southern China.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study at the department of Dermatology of Sun Yat-sen memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from June 1997 to August 2020.ResultsWe retrospectively evaluated 401 TC patients. Of these patients, 157 (39.2%) were pre-school children aged 3-7 years with male predominance. However, the prevalence in children under 3 years old is on the rise (from 19.67% during the period 1997-2010 to 32.49% during the period 2011-2020). Grey patch was the most common clinical pattern and it was mostly occurred in children (71.3%), while the proportion of grey patch and black dot was almost the same in adult. Although Microsporum canis (76%) was the most common causative organism, the number of T. mentagrophytes complex, as one of zoophilic fungi, has increased more than anthropophilic fungi T. violaceum in resent decade. There was significant difference in the portion of gender among different age groups, and the gender difference was more notable in the adult group, which showed TC prevalence in female is 9 times to male. In male, M. canis and T. mentagrophytes complex were the two most common ausative fungi, while M. canis and T. violaceum were the two most common causative fungi in female. Also, about 61.7% of black dot TC was occurred in female. For treatment, oral anti-fungal therapeutics were widely used in most patient with different treatment duration, although without significant difference in efficacy (P=0.106).ConclusionsIn recent decade, the prevalence of TC in children under 3 years old is on the rise and boys dramatically outnumbered girls. In adult, TC prevalence in female is 9 times to male and most TC occurred in female was presented as black dot. Moreover, zoophilic T. mentagrophytes complex has replaced T. violaceum and now become the second prevalent organism, which is followed by M. canis, of TC.
Infrared thermography is a possible technique for estimation of parturition onset in sows
Authors: Gulliksen Stine Margrethe , Framstad Tore , Kielland Camilla , Velazquez Miguel , Terøy Merethe Molvær , Helland Eirin Merete , Lyngstad Renate , Delgado Armando Oropeza , Oropeza-Moe Marianne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThis study explores the possibility of using infrared thermography to estimate impending parturition in sows. Infrared devices were used to obtain the superficial body temperature from auricular skin of the sows along with rectal temperature. Three commercial piglet producing farms were included in this study. At two of the farms (1 and 2), the sows were loose housed. At the third farm (Farm 3), the sows were housed in farrowing crates. Temperature measurements from both primiparous and pluriparous sows were taken from approximately one week before the anticipated farrowing date until 24 hours postpartum. Body condition score and parity was documented from each sow. The sows’ activity levels, respiratory rates and environmental temperatures were logged along with skin temperature measurements.Results Auricular skin thermography from two different infrared devices revealed an increase in temperature starting between 16 and 8 hours before farrowing. From 16 hours ante partum to farrowing, the mean auricular skin temperature rose by 3.3 °C and 2.9°C measured with infrared camera and infrared laser thermometer, respectively. Following farrowing, the sows’ skin temperature dropped abruptly. Rectal temperature increased by only 0.4°C in the same time interval. Adjusting for differences between farms, sow activity and respiration rate, we found an average increase of the sows’ skin temperature by 2 °C or more within the last 16 hours before farrowing.ConclusionsMonitoring auricular skin temperatures of sows using infrared thermography individually one week before expected farrowing could provide a baseline temperature for each sow from which a sudden rise in temperature of approximately 2°C or more will be indicative of parturition in the following 8 h. This may lead to more efficient allocation of human assistance during farrowing time and thereby improve farrowing management and welfare of sows and their offspring.
Essential Elements in Plant-Based Burgers – Validation of a Simple Method for Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation
Authors: Luz Gisele Marcondes , Orlando Eduardo Adilson , Pallone Juliana Azevedo Lima 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to validate an alternative analytical method of samples preparation to evaluate the content of essential elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Na, and K) in plant-based burgers (PBBs) marketed in Brazil, formulated with mushroom, pea, chickpea, and soybean. Samples are prepared by wet mineralization in the open system in digester block (DB) and the closed vessel by analytical microwave (AM), employing 50% nitric acid (HNO3) solution, considered eco-friendly and 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and subsequent determination of the elements low-cost technique flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). AM proved to be a more adequate mineralization procedure due to the various challenges observed by DB. In the validation of the analytical method, all parameters evaluated met the established prerequisites and followed the official guides. The essential elements contents determined in all types of PBBs varied from 44.2 to 139.2 mg 100 g-1 for Ca, from 29.8 to 95.8 mg 100g-1 for Mg, from 4.0 to 9.3 mg 100g-1 for Fe, 1.4 to 2.8 mg 100g-1 for Zn,
Multi-country metabolic signature discovery for chicken health classification
Authors: Wolthuis Joanna C. , Magnúsdóttir Stefanía , Stigter Edwin , Tang Yuen Fung , Jans Judith , Gilbert Myrthe , Hee Bart van der , Gerrits Walter , Kies Arie , Langhout Pim , de Ridder Jeroen , Mil Saskia van 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
IntroductionTo decrease antibiotic resistance, their use as growth promoters in the agricultural sector has been largely abandoned. This may lead to decreased health due to infectious disease or microbiome changes leading to gut inflammation. ObjectivesWe aimed to generate a m/z signature classifiying chicken health in blood, and obtain biological insights from the resulting m/z signature.MethodsWe used direct infusion mass-spectrometry to determine a machine-learned metabolomics signature that classifies chicken health from a blood sample. We then challenged the resulting models by investigating the classification capability of the signature on novel data obtained at poultry houses in previously unseen countries using a leave-one-country-out (LOCO) cross-validation strategy. Additionally, we optimized the number of mass/charge (m/z) values required to maximise the classification capability of Random Forest models, by developing a novel ranking system based on combined univariate t-test and fold-change analyses and building models based on this ranking through forward and reverse feature selection.ResultsThe multi-country and LOCO models could classify chicken health. Both resulting 25-m/z and 3784-m/z signatures reliably classified chicken health worldwide. Mummichog enrichment analysis on the large signature revealed changes to amino acid metabolism, including branched chain amino acids and polyamines. ConclusionWe reliably classified chicken health from blood, independent of genetic-, farm-, feed- and country-specific confounding factors. The 25-m/z signature can be used to aid development of a per-metabolite panel. The extended 3784-m/z version can be used to gain a deeper understanding of the metabolic causes and consequences of low chicken health. Together, they may facilitate future treatment, prevention and intervention.
The Prevalence of Abnormal Spirometry in Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Zhou Geena Y. , Cerrone Daniel , Lewinter Katherine , Masood Imran , Detterich Jon , Singh Sasha , Shah Payal , Keens Thomas , Sabati Arash , Kato Roberta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The burden of pulmonary disease in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) remains under recognized. Studies have examined children with single ventricle (1V) and two ventricle (2V) heart disease and document a decreased forced vital capacity (FVC). Our study sought to further explore the pulmonary function of children with CHD.
Methods
A retrospective review was performed of spirometry in CHD patients over a 3 year period. Spirometry data was corrected for size, age, and gender, and analyzed using z-scores.
Results
The spirometry of 260 patients were analyzed. 31% had 1V (n = 80, 13.6 years (IQR 11.5–16.8)) and 69% had 2V circulation (n = 180, 14.4 years (IQR 12.0-17.3)). 1V patients were found to have a lower median FVC z-score compared to 2V patients (p = 0.0133). The prevalence of an abnormal FVC was 41% in 1V patients and 29% in 2V patients. 2V patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and Truncus Arteriosus (TA) had similar low FVC comparable to 1V patients. The number of cardiac surgeries predicted an abnormal FVC in 2V patients except TOF patients.
Conclusion
Pulmonary morbidity in patients with CHD is common with a decreased FVC noted in 1V and 2V patients. FVC is lower in patients with 1V circulation, however, 2V patients with TOF or TA have similar lung function in comparison to the 1V group. The number of surgical interventions was predictive of FVC z-score in some but not all 2V patients and not predictive in 1V patients suggesting a multifactorial etiology to pulmonary disease in children with CHD.
Integrating Linkage Mapping and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis for Discovering Candidate Genes Associated with Salt Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Geng Leiyue , Zhang Wei , Zou Tuo , Du Qi , Ma Xiaoding , Cui Di , Han Bing , Zhang Qixing , Han Longzhi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Salinity is one of the most widespread abiotic stresses affecting rice productivity worldwide. Understanding the genetic basis of salt tolerance is key for breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties. Numerous QTLs have been identified to help dissect rice salt-tolerance genetic mechanisms, yet only rare genes located in significant QTLs have been thoroughly studied or fine-mapped.
Results
Here, a combination of linkage mapping and transcriptome profiling analysis was used to identify salt tolerance-related functional candidate genes underlying stable QTLs. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Jileng 1 (salt-sensitive) and Milyang 23 (salt-tolerant) was constructed. Subsequently, a high-density genetic map was constructed by using 2911 recombination bin markers developed from whole genome resequencing. A total of twelve QTLs controlling the standard evaluation score under salt stress were identified by linkage analysising and distributed on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 11. Notably, five QTL intervals were detected as environmentally stable QTLs in this study, and their functions were verified by comparative transcriptome analysis. By comparing the transcriptome profiles of the two parents and two bulks, we found 551 salt stress-specific differentially expressed genes. Among them, fifteen DEGs located in stable QTL intervals were considered promising candidate genes for salt tolerance. According to gene annotations, the gene OsRCI2-8(Os06g0184800) was the most promising, as it is known to be associated with salt stress, and its differential expression between the tolerant and sensitive RIL bulks highlights its important role in salt stress response pathways.
Conclusion
Our findings provide five stable salt tolerance-related QTLs and one promising candidate gene, which will facilitate breeding for improved salt tolerance in rice varieties and promote the exploration of salt stress tolerance mechanisms in rice.
Incidence of Brain Metastasis as First Event in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma: A Report from Three Prospective Alliance Clinical Trials
Authors: Smith Ron S. , Foster Nathan R. , Jatoi Aminah , Thomé Stephan D. , Miller Robert C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
PurposeHistorically, reported incidence of brain metastasis secondary to esophageal carcinoma is low. We sought to determine the incidence of brain metastasis in a contemporary cohort of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus.MethodsData from patients with localized esophageal carcinoma prospectively enrolled on three curative intent Alliance treatment trials (N0044, N0342, N044E) were reviewed including time to diagnosis of first progression event (brain versus other site) and overall survival.ResultsEighty-five patients comprised the cohort of which 85% were male and 86% had adenocarcinoma primary tumor histology. Thirty-nine of the 85 patients had documented progression to any site, and of those, brain metastasis occurred as the first event in 15% (6 of 39). Adenocarcinoma was the primary histology in all 6 patients and tumor grade was high (3 or 4) in 5 of the 6 patients (one not documented). Median time to brain metastasis (9.6 months) versus non-brain metastasis (12.4 months) and median survival after first progression (5.4 months versus 8.1 months, respectively) were not statistically different.ConclusionIn this prospective cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma, those with high grade adenocarcinoma appear to have a higher incidence of brain metastasis than historically reported. The pattern of brain metastases corroborates recent findings in terms of incidence, predominance of adenocarcinoma primary tumor histology, timing after diagnosis, and overall survival. Further study to confirm these findings, as well as the value of baseline, restaging and follow-up cranial imaging for brain metastasis is recommended.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00022139 (NCCTG N0044); NCT00100945 (NCCTG N0342), and NCT00100945 (NCCTG N044E)