bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effectiveness of Bisphosphonates for the Prevention of Fragility Fractures: An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Bastounis Anastasios , Langley Tessa , Davis Sarah , Paskins Zoe , Gittoes Neil , Leonardi‐Bee Jo , Sahota Opinder 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBisphosphonates have been found to be effective in preventing fragility fractures. However, their comparative effectiveness in populations at risk has yet to be defined. In light of recent clinical trials, we aimed to compare four bisphosphonates (alendronate, ibandronate, risedronate, and zoledronate) and to identify which are the most effective for the prevention of fragility fractures. This is an update of a systematic review previously published as part of a NICE HTA report. We conducted a systematic review and network meta‐analysis, updating the estimates regarding the comparative effectiveness of the aforementioned bisphosphonates. Studies identified from published and unpublished sources between 2014 and 2021 were added to the studies identified in the previous review. Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were independently undertaken by two reviewers. Outcomes were fractures, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), mortality, and adverse events. We identified 25 additional trials, resulting in a total population of 47,007 participants. All treatments had beneficial effects on fractures versus placebo with zoledronate being the most effective treatment in preventing vertebral fractures (hazard ratio [HR] 0.38; 95% credibility interval [CrI], 0.28–0.49). Zoledronate (HR 0.71; 95% CrI, 0.61–0.81) and risedronate (HR 0.70; 95% CrI, 0.53–0.84) were found to be the most effective treatments in preventing nonvertebral fractures. All treatments were associated with increases in femoral neck BMD versus placebo with zoledronate being the most effective treatment mean difference (MD 4.02; 95% CrI, 3.2–4.84). There was a paucity of data regarding hip and wrist fractures. Depending on its cost‐effectiveness, zoledronate could be considered a first‐line option for people at increased risk of fragility fractures. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A study of the relationships between rumination, anger rumination, aggressive script rehearsal, and aggressive behavior in a sample of incarcerated adult males
Authors: Hosie Julia , Simpson Katrina , Dunne Ashley , Daffern Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study explored relationships between aggressive script rehearsal, rumination, and anger rumination with aggressive behavior.MethodOne hundred and twenty‐nine incarcerated males (M = 33.54, SD = 8.67) completed the Schedule of Imagined Violence, Preservative Thinking Questionnaire, Anger Rumination Scale, and the Life History of Aggression‐Aggression subscale. Correlations were run to examine associations between the variables and a four‐step sequential multiple regression was performed to assess for the unique contribution of rumination, anger rumination, and aggressive script rehearsal to aggressive behavior.ResultsResults revealed moderate‐strong positive associations between aggressive script rehearsal, rumination, and anger rumination. Moderate‐weak associations were found between these three constructs and aggressive behavior. Regression analyses revealed aggressive script rehearsal was uniquely related with aggressive behavior and path analysis demonstrated aggressive script rehearsal mediated the relationship between rumination/anger rumination and aggression.ConclusionThese results clarify the nature of the relationships between these conceptually connected constructs and suggest that the frequency with which someone rehearses aggressive scripts impacts on the likelihood of aggression more than anger rumination and general ruminative processes. The frequency with which a person rehearses aggressive scripts should be a critical consideration in violence risk assessment and treatment programs for people deemed to be at risk for violent behavior.
Clinical frailty, and not features of acute infection, is associated with late mortality in COVID‐19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vlachogiannis Nikolaos I. , Baker Kenneth F. , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Lazaridis Charalampos , Schim van der Loeff Ina , Hanrath Aidan T. , Sopova Kateryna , Tual‐Chalot Simon , Gatsiou Aikaterini , Spyridopoulos Ioakim , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Duncan Christopher J.A. , Stellos Konstantinos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with excess mortality after hospital discharge. Identification of patients at increased risk of death following hospital discharge is needed to guide clinical monitoring and early intervention. Herein, we aimed to identify predictors of early vs. late mortality in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsA total of 471 patients with polymerase chain reaction‐confirmed COVID‐19 were followed up for 9 months [median (inter‐quartile range) of follow‐up time: 271 (14) days] after hospital admission. COVID‐19‐related signs and symptoms, laboratory features, co‐morbidities, Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (4C) mortality and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores were analysed by logistic regression for association with early (28 day) vs. late mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the discriminative value of 4C and CFS scores for early vs. late mortality.ResultsA total of 120 patients died within 28 days from hospital admission. Of the remaining 351 patients, 41 died within the next 8 months. Respiratory failure, systemic inflammation, and renal impairment were associated with early mortality, while active cancer and dementia were associated with late mortality, after adjustment for age and sex. 4C mortality score and CFS were associated with both early [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval—CI): 4C: 1.34 (1.25–1.45); CFS: 1.49 (1.33–1.66)] and late [OR (95% CI): 4C: 1.23 (1.12–1.36); CFS: 2.04 (1.62–2.56)] mortality. After adjustment for CFS, the association between 4C and late mortality was lost. By ROC analysis, 4C mortality score was superior to CFS for 28 day mortality [area under the curve (AUC) (95% CI): 0.779 (0.732–0.825) vs. 0.723 (0.673–0.773), respectively; P = 0.039]. In contrast, CFS had higher predictive value for late mortality compared with 4C mortality score [AUC (95% CI): 0.830 (0.776–0.883) vs. 0.724 (0.650–0.798), respectively; P = 0.007].ConclusionsIn our cohort, late mortality in COVID‐19 patients is more strongly associated with premorbid clinical frailty than with severity of the acute infection phase.
A new library of 1,2,3‐triazole based benzofuran scaffolds: Synthesis and biological evaluation as potential antimicrobial agents
Authors: Ashok Dongamanti , Reddy Makthal Ram , Thara Gugulothu , Dharavath Ravinder , Ramakrishna Katta , Nagaraju Nalaparaju , Gundu Srinivas , Sarasija Madderla 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA library of new 1,2,3‐triazole based benzofuran derivatives was constructed via synthesizing them through the Rap‐Stoermer reaction in moderate to good yields. Various reaction conditions were examined to develop an optimized synthetic route for affording the desired products in good yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, and mass spectral data. The title compounds were screened in vitro for their potential antimicrobial properties and most of the compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial activities.
Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 oncogene transcripts as biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer
Authors: Gupta Sadhana M , Warke Himangi , Chaudhari Hemangi , Mavani Padmaja , Katke Rajshree D. , Kerkar Shilpa C. , Mania‐Pramanik Jayanti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer of the cervix uteri is the fourth most common cancer worldwide with a high mortality rate. Due to limitations of the existing methods, alternative methods for triage are needed for early detection of cervical cancer precursors before progression to high‐grade disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 oncogene expression as markers for early identification of cervical cancer risk in women with minor cytological abnormalities and in those with negative cytology. The detection of HPV was done using PCR and confirmed by southern hybridization. The high‐risk (HR) and low‐risk HPV types were identified by HPV typing. HPV DNA‐positive patients were further tested for markers of oncogene expression by real‐time PCR. Out of the women screened, 54/512 (10.54%) women tested positive for HPV infection. HR HPV DNA was found in 32/485 (6.60%) women with normal cytology (Pap negative) and 22/27 (81.5%) atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low‐grade intraepithelial lesion cases. HR HPV E6/E7 oncogene transcripts were detected in 36/512 (7.03%) patients. The positivity rate of E6/E7 messenger RNA (mRNA) was 2.48% (12/485) in normal cervical cytology group and 88.9% (24/27) in abnormal cervical cytology group. The HPV E6/E7 mRNA test sensitivity was found to be 88.89% and specificity was 97.53%. In comparison, the sensitivity of the HPV DNA test was found to be 81.48% and specificity was 93.40%. In conclusion, E6 and E7 transcripts could provide a sensitive, early predictor of cervical cancer risk in women with normal cytology and minor cytological alterations.
Hot or cold? Feasibility, safety, and outcome after radiofrequency‐guided versus cryoballoon‐guided left atrial appendage isolation
Authors: Tohoku Shota , Chen Shaojie , Bordignon Stefano , Chun Julian Kyoung‐Ryul , Schmidt Boris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial appendage (LAA) isolation (LAAI) has been described as an adjunctive ablation strategy for patients with recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa).ObjectivesWe compared the clinical impact of persistent durable LAAI between radiofrequency (RF)‐guided wide‐area LAAI and cryoballoon (CB)‐guided ostial LAAI.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent RF‐ or CB‐guided LAAI were retrospectively analyzed. RF‐guided LAAI was performed by combining linear ablation. CB‐guided LAAI was performed by LAA ostial ablation. Following LAAI, the patients underwent an invasive remapping study. LAA closure was conducted if persistent durability was confirmed. The procedural data, LAAI durability, and ATa recurrence were assessed.ResultsA total of 260 patients (RF: n = 201; CB: n = 59) undergoing LAAI were identified. The acute rate of procedural LAAI was higher in the CB group (CB:94.9% vs. RF:82.6%, p = .02) with a lower pericardial effusion incidence (CB:0% vs. RF:7.5%, p = .03). The 6‐week durable LAAI was similar between the two groups (RF:78.3% vs. CB:66.0%, p = .103). During follow‐up, one gastrointestinal bleeding and four stroke events including one subsequent intracranial bleeding leading to death occurred in the RF group, while one gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in the CB group.The 1‐year ATa recurrence‐free rate was higher in patients with durable LAAI following RF‐guided LAAI (RF:76.3% vs. CB:56.7%, p = .0017). Multivariate analysis revealed RF‐guided LAAI as a predictor of freedom from ATa recurrence (HR: 0.478, 95%CI: 0.336–0.823, p = .017).ConclusionsLAAI can be more readily and safely achieved by CB‐guided ostial ablation. In patients with confirmed LAAI, however, the freedom from ATa recurrence was higher after RF‐guided wide‐area isolation.
Drivers of 20th century sea‐level change in southern New Zealand determined from proxy and instrumental records
Authors: Garrett Ed , Gehrels W. Roland , Hayward Bruce W. , Newnham Rewi , Gehrels Maria J. , Morey Craig J. , Dangendorf Sönke 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present new proxy‐based sea‐level reconstructions for southern New Zealand spanning the last millennium. These palaeo sea‐level records usefully complement sparse Southern Hemisphere proxy and tide‐gauge sea‐level datasets and, in combination with instrumental observations, can test hypotheses about the drivers of 20th century global sea‐level change, including land‐based ice melt and regional sterodynamics. We develop sea‐level transfer functions from regional datasets of salt‐marsh foraminifera to establish a new proxy‐based sea‐level record at Mokomoko Inlet, at the southern tip of the South Island, and to improve the previously published sea‐level reconstruction at Pounawea, located about 110 km to the east. Chronologies are based on radiocarbon, radiocaesium, stable lead isotope and pollen analyses. Both records are in good agreement and show a rapid sea‐level rise in the first half of the 20th century that peaked in the 1940s. Previously reported discrepancies between proxy‐based sea‐level records and tide‐gauge records are partially reconciled by accounting for barystatic and sterodynamic components of regional sea‐level rise. We conclude that the rapid sea‐level rise during the mid‐20th century along the coast of southern New Zealand was primarily driven by regional thermal expansion and ocean dynamics.
Patterning of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes based on IGZO films
Authors: Ma Jingrui , Jia Siqi , Qu Xiangwei , Tang Haodong , Xu Bing , Wu Zhenghui , Liu Pai , Wang Kai , Yang Xiaochuan , Xu Wenwei , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe patterning of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLED) is essential for QLED in the display application. In the work, we studied patterning thin film to form IGZO electron transport layers for QLED. Making use of a staggered IGZO film as the electron transport layer, we studied QLED degradation and observed luminance inversion, which is due to the non‐uniform current spreading effect caused by the staggered IGZO film. The current crowding at the thinner film area (with lower electric resistance) leads to a patterned emission of the device but also a faster device degradation at the same time.
A noninvasive and integrative approach for improving density and abundance estimates of moose
Authors: Koitzsch Ky B. , Anton Colby B. , Koitzsch Lisa O. , Tjepkes Tessa L. , Schumann Abby C. , Strasburg Jared L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcquiring demographic data for moose (Alces alces) can be difficult because they are solitary in nature, they prefer densely vegetated and mountainous habitats, and they often occur at low density. Such data, however, are essential for long‐term population monitoring, evaluating management practices, and effective conservation. Winter aerial surveys are the standard method for estimating moose population parameters, but they can be logistically challenging, expensive, and subject to sightability correction, which necessitates the capture of study animals for initial model development. Herein, we demonstrate a noninvasive alternative approach for estimating population parameters of moose in northern Yellowstone National Park, where aerial surveys were attempted but proved ineffective. We determined individual moose genotype and sex using microsatellite polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA extracted from fecal pellets, integrated ancillary pellet sample data (i.e., metadata) in genotype analysis to aid in the identification of matching genotypes, and used spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) modeling to estimate sex‐specific density and abundance. We collected 616 samples over 3 consecutive winters (Dec 2013–Apr 2016) and within 2 sampling occasions each winter. We recorded 514 captures of 142 individual moose (69 males, 73 females). Overall density ranged between 0.062 moose/km2 and 0.076 moose/km2 and averaged 0.034/km2 for females and 0.033/km2 for males. Abundance estimates were 150 moose in 2013 (female = 76, 95% CI = 55–105; male = 74, 95% CI = 54–103), 186 in 2014 (female = 95, 95% CI = 63–142; male = 91, 95% CI = 60–138), and 160 in 2015 (female = 79, 95% CI = 58–108; male = 81, 95% CI = 59–110). Average population sex ratio was 0.99 males/female. We demonstrate that SECR analysis of fecal DNA genotypes, using metadata in genotype analysis to help identify matching moose genotypes, is a promising alternative method for estimating sex‐specific density and abundance of a low‐density moose population in a mountainous and forested landscape.
Serum β‐carotene concentrations are associated with self‐reported fatty acid intake in United States adults from the National Health and Examination Surveys
Authors: Crusan Ambria C. , Reicks Marla , Demmer Ryan T. , Raatz Susan K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBioavailability of dietary β‐carotene (BC) is dependent on dose, quantity, dispersion, and presence of fat in the diet. Fats are comprised of a variety of fatty acids, which may impact the bioavailability of carotenoids. However, there is a gap in research on whether specific fatty acid classes affect serum BC concentrations in population samples. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between reported fat and fatty acid intake and serum BC concentrations utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2006. Data from 3278 NHANES participants 20–85 years old were analyzed to estimate the relationships between serum BC concentrations and reported saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid intakes. Multiple linear regression estimated ln(serum BC) based on reported fatty acid intakes adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and reported dietary BC intakes. Mean and standard error (SE) for serum BC concentrations were 14.31 ± 0.05 μg/dl. Means and SE for total fat, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA were 85.7 ± 1.3, 26.9 ± 0.4, 31.1 ± 0.5, and 17.8 ± 0.4 g, respectively. There was a significant trend for association between serum BC and reported total fat intakes (r = −0.002, p < 0.0001), but the association was not strong. Multiple linear regression showed positive associations between serum BC concentrations and higher reported dietary PUFA consumption. PUFA alpha‐linolenic acid intakes are positively associated with serum BC concentrations, while MUFA palmitoleic acid and SFA stearic acid were inversely associated with serum BC. The inverse association between MUFA and SFA suggests there may be multiple post‐digestion factors affecting serum carotenoid concentrations.
Abrupt changes in the physical and biological structure of endorheic upland lakes due to 8‐m lake‐level variation during the 20th century
Authors: Bjorndahl Judith A. , Gushulak Cale A.C. , Mezzini Stefano , Simpson Gavin L. , Haig Heather A. , Leavitt Peter R. , Finlay Kerri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate‐induced variation in lake level can affect physicochemical properties of endorheic lakes, but its consequences for phototrophic production and regime shifts are not well understood. Here, we quantified changes in the abundance and community composition of phototrophs in Kenosee and White Bear lakes, two endorheic basins in the parkland Moose Mountain uplands of southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, which have experienced > 8 m declines in water level since ~ 1900. We hypothesized that lower water levels and warmer temperatures should manifest as increased abundance of phytoplankton, particularly cyanobacteria, and possibly trigger a regime shift to turbid conditions due to evaporative concentration of nutrients and solutes. High‐resolution analysis of sedimentary pigments revealed an increase in total phototrophic abundance (as β‐carotene) concurrent with lake‐level decline beginning ~ 1930, but demonstrated little directional change in cyanobacteria. Instead, significant increases in obligately anaerobic purple sulfur bacteria (as okenone) occurred in both lakes during ~ 1930–1950, coeval with alterations to light environments and declines in lake level. The presence of okenone suggests that climate‐induced increases in solute concentrations may have favored the formation of novel bacterial habitats where photic and anoxic zones overlapped. Generalized additive models showed that establishment of this unique habitat was likely preceded by increased temporal variance of sulfur bacteria, but not phytoplankton or cyanobacteria, suggesting that this abrupt change to physical lake structure was unique to deep‐water environments. Such climate‐induced shifts may become more frequent in the region due to hydrological stress on lake levels due to warming temperatures across the Northern Great Plains.
Evaluating the Effect of Chemical Digestion Treatments on Polystyrene Microplastics: Recommended Updates to Chemical Digestion Protocols
Authors: Gulizia Alexandra M. , Brodie Eve , Daumuller Renee , Bloom Sarah B. , Corbett Tayla , Santana Marina M. F. , Motti Cherie A. , Vamvounis George 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEstablishing the toxicity and exposure consequences of microplastics (MPs) on marine organisms relies on the nondestructive isolation of plastics from biological matrices. MPs are commonly extracted from these matrices by chemical digestion using alkali (e.g., potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)), oxidative (e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and/or acidic (e.g., nitric acid (HNO3)) reagents. Although these digestion conditions can be highly effective for MP extraction, they can also react with the plastics. This can attribute an inaccurate representation of plastic contamination by altering MP visual characteristics (size, shape, color), thereby impeding identification and potentially returning erroneous numbers of ingested particles. In this study, the degradative impacts are assessed of the routinely applied digestion reagents (i) KOH, (ii) NaOH, (iii) H2O2, and (iv) HNO3 on polystyrene (PS) based MPs sized between 200 µm and 5 mm. Degradation of the PS MPs is evaluated using FT‐IR, gel permeation chromatography, NMR, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and microscopy. These studies reveal HNO3 to be the most destructive for PS MPs, while the alkali and oxidative reagents result in negligible changes in plastic properties. These results are recommended to be used as a guideline to update current protocols to ensure the nondestructive treatment of MPs.
Biocomposites from Thermoplastic Postindustrial Waste Starches Filled with Mineral Fillers for Single‐Use Flexible Packaging
Authors: Scharnowski Jenna B. , Rodriguez‐Uribe Arturo , Pal Akhilesh K. , Wang Tao , Snowdon Michael R. , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlasticized starch (PS) materials hold a fundamental role in the design of novel biodegradable and compostable plastics aimed to reduce global single‐use plastic wastes. This work exemplifies the plasticization of postindustrial waste wheat starch (pWWS) and postindustrial corn starch (pWCS) with a comparison to food‐grade corn starch (pCS) by introducing technical waste glycerol (25%) along with urea (5%) and water. The PS (30%) is blended with 70% poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) to design a matrix with optimized mechanical properties. As a result, the inclusion of pWCS and pCS shows similar impact strength and melt flow index (MFI) values. Further, the mineral fillers, i.e., talc and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (25%), are introduced into the PBAT/PS (70%/30%) matrix to explore the effect on MFI, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. Scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals good dispersion of PS particles and mineral fillers into the PBAT. Adding talc into the PBAT/pWWS and PBAT/pCS blends shows significantly higher modulus (≈134% and ≈105%, respectively) and heat deflection temperature (HDT) (7.8% and 9.3%, respectively). The addition of 25% CaCO3 results in the impact strength of PBAT/pWWS being improved by ≈20%. Due to talc's lamellar platelet structure and better dispersion, the inclusion of talc into the PBAT/PS blends shows improved rheological properties compared to that of CaCO3.