bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung cancer classification using exponential mean saturation linear unit activation function in various generative adversarial network models
Authors: Thirumagal Egambaram , Saruladha Krishnamurthy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNowadays, the mortality rate due to lung cancer increases rapidly worldwide as it can be classified only at the later stages. Early classification of lung cancer will help patients to take treatment and decrease the death rate. The limited dataset and diversity of data samples are the bottlenecks for early classification. In this paper, robust deep learning generative adversarial network (GAN) models are employed to enhance the dataset and to increase classification accuracy. The activation function plays an important feature‐learning role in neural networks. Since the existing activation functions suffer from various drawbacks such as vanishing gradient, dead neurons, output offset, etc., this paper proposes a novel activation function exponential mean saturation linear unit (EMSLU), which aims to speed up training, reduce network running time, and improve classification accuracy. The experiments were conducted using vanilla GAN, Wasserstein generative adversarial network, Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty, conditional generative adversarial network, and deep convolutional generative adversarial network. Each GAN is tested with rectified linear unit, exponential linear unit, and proposed EMSLU activation functions. The results show that all the GAN's with EMSLU yields improved precision, recall, F1‐score, and accuracy.
Discrimination, social support, and health‐related quality of life among individuals with criminal records
Authors: McWilliams Elaina R. , Stidham Jennifer L. , Hunter Bronwyn A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have found an association between social identity‐based discrimination and reduced physical health. Research also indicates that social support may sometimes protectively moderate this relationship. This study addresses the lack of sufficient research regarding these connections among individuals facing criminal record discrimination. The authors analyzed the responses of 168 people with felony records who completed a nationwide, online survey. While controlling for several other potentially impactful variables, the authors used regression analyses to explore the relationship between criminal record discrimination and reported healthy days per month and whether social support protectively moderated this relationship. There was a significant negative association between criminal record discrimination and healthy days among those with notably low social support. Meanwhile, moderate levels of social support appeared to protectively extinguish this relationship. This study suggests that social support may influence whether criminal record discrimination negatively impacts health.
Transfer of photothermal nanoparticles using stem cell derived small extracellular vesicles for in vivo treatment of primary and multinodular tumours
Authors: Sancho‐Albero María , Encinas‐Giménez Miguel , Sebastián Victor , Pérez Estela , Luján Lluís , Santamaría Jesús , Martin‐Duque Pilar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe main current challenges in oncology are (1) avoiding systemic side effects in therapy, and (2) developing alternative treatment strategies for metastatic tumours. Nanomedicine was assumed to provide answers to these issues, but delivering enough therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) to tumours still remains a huge challenge in nanomaterials‐based treatments. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in cell communication processes and can be combined with nanomaterials to improve their targeting capabilities. In this work, we leverage the ability of EVs derived from stem cells to reach tumour areas successfully, being used as delivery vehicles for nanoparticles acting as hyperthermia agents. Once small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) loaded with NIR‐sensitive hollow gold NPs reached primary subcutaneous solid tumours, they were irradiated with a NIR laser and almost complete tumour remission was obtained. More interestingly, those sEV vehicles were also able to reach multinodular areas similar to those on advanced metastatic phases, eradicating most tumour growth regions in multiple cancerous nodules located in the pancreas region.
Characterization of memory T cell subsets and common γ−chain cytokines in convalescent COVID-19 individuals
Authors: Rajamanickam Anuradha , Pavan Kumar Nathella , Pandiaraj Arul Nancy , Selvaraj Nandhini , Munisankar Saravanan , Renji Rachel Mariam , Venkataramani Vijayalakshmi , Murhekar Manoj , Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley Vivian , Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar , Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar , Bhatnagar Tarun , Ponnaiah Manickam , Ramasamy Sabarinathan , Velusamy Saravanakumar , Babu Subash 
Published: March 2022

AbstractT cells are thought to be an important correlates of protection against SARS-CoV2 infection. However, the composition of T cell subsets in convalescent individuals of SARS-CoV2 infection has not been well studied. The authors determined the lymphocyte absolute counts, the frequency of memory T cell subsets, and the plasma levels of common γ−chain in 7 groups of COVID-19 individuals, based on days since RT-PCR confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data show that both absolute counts and frequencies of lymphocytes as well as, the frequencies of CD4+ central and effector memory cells increased, and the frequencies of CD4+ naïve T cells, transitional memory, stem cell memory T cells, and regulatory cells decreased from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateaued thereafter. In addition, the frequencies of CD8+ central memory, effector, and terminal effector memory T cells increased, and the frequencies of CD8+ naïve cells, transitional memory, and stem cell memory T cells decreased from Days 15–30 to Days 61–90 and plateaued thereafter. The plasma levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21—common γc cytokines started decreasing from Days 15–30 till Days 151–180. Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit decreased levels of lymphocyte counts and frequencies, higher frequencies of naïve cells, regulatory T cells, lower frequencies of central memory, effector memory, and stem cell memory, and elevated plasma levels of IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21. Finally, there was a significant correlation between memory T cell subsets and common γc cytokines. Thus, the study provides evidence of alterations in lymphocyte counts, memory T cell subset frequencies, and common γ−chain cytokines in convalescent COVID-19 individuals.
Load frequency stabilization of stand‐alone hybrid distributed generation system using QOHS algorithm
Authors: Shiva Chandan Kumar , Vedik Basetti , Mahapatra Sheila , Nandi Mahendra , Raj Saurav , Mukherjee Vivekananda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe proposed work studies the frequency stability of the identified hybrid power network (HPS) model with the integration of RESs and ESDs. The research work depicted here includes load frequency issue pertaining to isolated mode of operations with uncertainties in power oscillations of wind and solar energy. The studied HPS model is constitute of three wind turbine generators, two solar thermal generators, three diesel engine generators, an aqua electrolyzer and two fuel‐cells as generating units while battery energy storage system, flywheel energy storage system and ultra‐capacitor as back‐up energy sources. A centralized control scheme using PID controller is employed for the controller design problem and its parameters are tuned by a nature inspired Quasi‐oppositional Harmony Search (QOHS) algorithm. The three scenarios as step change, step change with stochastic effects and firm model of wind velocity, solar radiation and load demand are studied for the load frequency control dynamic performance. The execution of suggested QOHS based PID controller is contrasted with the studied optimization techniques. It may be inferred that the RESs and ESDs feeding isolated loads are properly operated to attain the coveted level of system frequency by using the QOHS technique.
Efficient Synthesis and Wetting Characteristics of Amphiphilic Galactose–PLA Block Copolymers: A Potential Additive for the Accelerated Biodegradation of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics
Authors: Leitner Lisa‐Cathrin , Schneider Rika , Steiner Thomas , Stenzel Martina H. , Freitag Ruth , Greiner Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe contamination of wastewater by microplastic particles (MPs) is an unresolved environmental problem. In order to resolve this problem, a concept is developed for the microbial remediation of MPs. To realize this concept, degradable block copolymers are required, which adhere on MP surfaces and contain segments of carbohydrate moieties (here galactose) for the attraction of degrading microbes and accelerated biofilm formation. Therefore, in this study, a versatile synthesis route for amphiphilic carbohydrate block copolymers from poly(d,l‐lactic acid) (PLA) and galactose moieties is presented. The properties of the block copolymers are investigated by thermal analysis, as well as regarding their colloidal properties, their adhesion behavior on MP surfaces, and their potential for support of microbial growth (using Lacticaseibacillus zeae).
Lignin‐Inspired Polybenzylethersulfone Synthesis via SNAr Reaction
Authors: Nikitin Sergei , Lie Yann , Diness Frederik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new type of lignin‐inspired polybenzylethersulfone (PBES) is synthesized by SNAr reaction in 75% yield. Success of the polymerization is confirmed by ATR‐IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF MS. The obtained polysulfone is solvent casted into a film which displays high thermal and chemical stability. Treatment with 33% HBr in acetic acid leads to degradation of the material. The isolated degradation products are identified and repolymerized back into PBES demonstrating the opportunity for chemical recycling of this new polymer.
A π‐Conjugated Polyimide‐Based High‐Performance Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Yaoyao , Zhang Shicong , Xu Shumao , Li Xiao , Zhang Yifan , Xu Yang , Zhou Jian , Bi Hui , Huang Fuqiang , Lin Tianquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAqueous asymmetric supercapacitor has captured widespread attention as a sustainable high‐power energy resource. Organic electrode materials are appealing owing to their sustainability and high redox reactivity, but suffer from structural instability and low power density. Here the π‐conjugated polyimide‐based organic electrodes with different lengths of alkyl chains are explored to achieve high rate capability and long lifespan in an aqueous K+‐ion electrolyte. The fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits high capacities of 107 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 and 67 mAh g−1 at 90 A g−1. A specific capacity of 65 mAh g−1 over 70% of the initial performance is obtained after 65 000 cycles. Molecular engineering of long alkyl chains in polyimide can reduce the degree of π‐conjugation and spatially block the π‐conjugated imide bond with limited redox activity but improved stability against chemical degradation. Further electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, ex‐situ Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal the pseudocapacitance behavior originating from the π‐conjugated polyimide‐based redox reaction with potassium ions and hydrated potassium ions. A promising polyimide‐based polymer with extended π‐conjugated system for high‐performance asymmetric supercapacitor is showcased.
Use and perception of weather forecast information across Europe
Authors: Sivle Anders Doksæter , Agersten Solfrid , Schmid Franziska , Simon André 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough European studies have become more common in recent years, published research on perception and use of weather information has been dominated by studies from the United States with some scattered contributions across Europe. The present study gives a broad European context, by providing perspectives from 18 countries and several user professions as well as from 14 National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), and by combining new insights from probabilistic forecasting, warning and interaction between NMHSs and their users. These insights are based on two surveys undertaken in the framework of the EUMETNET Nowcasting (E‐NWC) Programme, where EUMETNET represents the European Meteorological Services' Network: one survey for the participating NMHSs in the E‐NWC Programme, and the other one for their respective users. Both surveys were distributed in autumn 2019, and open for responses until spring 2020. Several findings from the surveys support conclusions of previous research, for example, concerning the perception of probabilities or taking measures in case of severe weather (many users would start their preliminary measures at a probability level of 60%). Although most of the NMHSs and their users are in regular contact, there is room for increasing the frequency of face‐to‐face meetings between them. Nearly one‐third of NMHSs never meet face‐to‐face with users from the public. The two surveys indicate that there might be benefits of increased collaboration and sharing of data between European NMHSs to be able to offer their users more training, and to learn from each other in areas where insight already exists.
Complex regional pain syndrome patient treated with a below knee amputation, implanting nerves directly into muscle: A case report
Authors: Dellon A. Lee , Ibrahim Zuhaib , Williams Eric H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPersistent, disabling lower extremity pain, outside the distribution of a single nerve, is termed chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS), but, in reality, this chronic pain is often due to multiple peripheral nerve injuries. It is the purpose of this report to describe the first application of the “traditional,” nerve implantation into muscle, usually used in the treatment of a painful neuroma, as a pre‐emptive surgical technique in doing a below knee amputation (BKA). In 2011, a 51‐year‐old woman developed severe, disabling CRPS, after a series of operations to treat an enchondroma of the left fifth metatarsal. When appropriate peripheral nerve surgeries failed to relieve distal pain, a BKA was elected. The approach to the BKA included implantation of each transected peripheral nerve directly into an adjacent muscle. At 5.0 years after the patient's BKA, the woman reported full use of this extremity, using the prosthesis, and was free of phantom limb and residual limb pain. This anecdotal experience gives insight that long‐term relief of lower extremity CRPS can be achieved by a traditional BKA utilizing the approach of implanting each transected nerve into an adjacent muscle.
INSIDEnet: Interpretable NonexpanSIve Data‐Efficient network for denoising in grating interferometry breast CT
Authors: van Gogh Stefano , Wang Zhentian , Rawlik Michał , Etmann Christian , Mukherjee Subhadip , Schönlieb Carola‐Bibiane , Angst Florian , Boss Andreas , Stampanoni Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Unfortunately, current breast imaging techniques all suffer from certain limitations: they are either not fully three dimensional, have an insufficient resolution or low soft‐tissue contrast. Grating interferometry breast computed tomography (GI‐BCT) is a promising X‐ray phase contrast modality that could overcome these limitations by offering high soft‐tissue contrast and excellent three‐dimensional resolution. To enable the transition of this technology to clinical practice, dedicated data‐processing algorithms must be developed in order to effectively retrieve the signals of interest from the measured raw data.MethodsThis article proposes a novel denoising algorithm that can cope with the high‐noise amplitudes and heteroscedasticity which arise in GI‐BCT when operated in a low‐dose regime to effectively regularize the ill‐conditioned GI‐BCT inverse problem. We present a data‐driven algorithm called INSIDEnet, which combines different ideas such as multiscale image processing, transform‐domain filtering, transform learning, and explicit orthogonality to build an Interpretable NonexpanSIve Data‐Efficient network (INSIDEnet).ResultsWe apply the method to simulated breast phantom datasets and to real data acquired on a GI‐BCT prototype and show that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional state‐of‐the‐art filters and is competitive with deep neural networks. The strong inductive bias given by the proposed model's architecture allows to reliably train the algorithm with very limited data while providing high model interpretability, thus offering a great advantage over classical convolutional neural networks (CNNs).ConclusionsThe proposed INSIDEnet is highly data‐efficient, interpretable, and outperforms state‐of‐the‐art CNNs when trained on very limited training data. We expect the proposed method to become an important tool as part of a dedicated plug‐and‐play GI‐BCT reconstruction framework, needed to translate this promising technology to the clinics.
These are the people in your neighborhood: Community logics and board gender composition in United Ways
Authors: Dula Lauren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonprofits that serve particular communities are in essence products of those communities. Community logics are localized norms, beliefs, and attitudes that may impact local organizational behavior. Gender status beliefs, which are also normative assumptions about the abilities of women, may be transmitted into nonprofit organizations through community logics and may color recruitment choices for board members. This paper attempts to understand the relationship between these gendered community logics and the presence of women on United Way boards of directors over a period of 15 years. This paper uses a nationally representative sample of United Ways across 23 states to identify community characteristics that may change attitudes and receptiveness to women as members of boards of directors, an area of board selection that has been little studied. There is some evidence for community logics such as having more female local business leaders or advanced degree holders in the community being related to an increased presence of women on these prestigious boards, perhaps indicating new status beliefs and community logics around the abilities of women in leadership roles.
Turnover intention and job tenure of US fundraisers
Authors: Shaker Genevieve G. , Rooney Patrick M. , Nathan Sarah K. , Bergdoll Jonathan J. , Tempel Eugene R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFundraisers secure financial resources that organizations need to achieve their missions. Raising money, particularly large gifts, can follow years of relationship building with individual donors. When fundraisers leave these efforts can be set back substantially, making fundraiser turnover particularly worrisome and worthy of exploration. This analysis addressed the issue with US survey data (n = 1663) and examinination of three research questions. What are the job tenure and intent to leave of fundraisers? How is fundraiser job tenure affected by intent to leave? What relationships do job tenure and intent to leave have with fundraisers' individual demographics, position attributes, and organizational characteristics? We found that the study participants had current mean job tenures of 3.6 years (median = 2 years) and mean tenures across their fundraising jobs of 3.9 years (median = 3 years). Twenty percent intended to leave their organization and 7% intended to leave fundraising within the next year. Of the tested variables, salary consistently had the largest effects and was the most significant. Older and more experienced fundraisers had longer tenures. The study provides nuanced information about fundraisers' job‐related behaviors, includes careful attention to theory and related research, and presents specific ideas for organizational interventions for increasing fundraiser tenure.
Meta‐heuristics algorithms for optimization of gains for dynamic voltage restorers to improve power quality and dynamics
Authors: Veramalla Rajagopal , Arya Sabha Raj , Gundeboina Vishwas , Jampana Bangarraju , Chilipi Rajasekharareddy , Madasthu Santhosh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article discusses metaheuristic algorithms for optimizing controller gains for dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) that use an impedance control strategy to compensate for unbalance in source voltages, voltage harmonics, and sag/swell in source voltages. The gains of the proportional‐integral (PI) controllers become critical for proper DVR load voltage extraction. Various techniques for optimization, such as whale optimization technique, gray wolf optimization technique, particle swarm optimization technique, and ant lion optimization technique, are used to obtain DC and AC PI controller gains for DVR. The impedance control strategy employs simple calculations to determine the resistance and reactance of a polluted source voltage, without the use of frame conversions as in synchronous reference theory, instantaneous reference power theory, and so on. The quick calculations of the impedance control scheme improve the power quality and dynamics. The Metaheuristic algorithms are used to calculate the number of iterations required to achieve the best possible controller gains, which further helps to improve power quality and dynamics. Among these optimization techniques, the antlion optimization technique provides fast convergence and the best possible controller gain values to improve the dynamics of the dc‐link voltage of voltage source converter and terminal voltage, thereby improving power quality. The proposed antlion optimization technique‐based DVR model is simulated in MATLAB R2019, and the results are validated with RT‐LAB.
Preparation and characterization of a high heat resistant phthalonitrile resin modified by polyborosilazane ceramic precursor
Authors: Wang Zi‐long , Han Yue , Guo Ying , Ye Li , Han Wei‐jian , Zhou Heng , Wang Jun , Liu Wen‐bin , Zhao Tong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhthalonitrile resins were an important kind of matrix with high thermal stability. Novel organic–inorganic hybrid composites were prepared by employing 4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylenebis[oxy]) diphthalonitrile (DPN) modified with polyborosilazane ceramic precursor (PBSN) in this work to explore the methods for synthesis of phthalonitrile resin with good processability as well as high heat‐resistance. The maximal glass transition temperature (Tg) and 10% weight loss temperatures were about 615.0 and 608.1°C (N2), respectively. The detailed thermal oxygen decomposition processes and mechanisms were studied and Avrami‐Erofeev models were used for decomposition kinetic analysis of the hybrid matrix. According to the result of the scanning electron microscope, the PBSN was completely integrated into the phthalonitrile resin, and the heat‐resistant structure (SiO, BN and BO) could improve the heat resistance of DPN. The hybrid matrix could be used for heat‐resistant materials.
In‐situ plasma treatment of tomato and rice seeds in‐liquid to promote seed germination and seedling growth
Authors: Mekarun Jiramet , Watthanaphanit Anyarat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose an in‐liquid plasma technique—Solution Plasma (SP)—to help enhance seed germination. Tomato and rice seeds are selected as representatives for dicot and monocot plant seeds, respectively. The effect of SP treatment time on the seed surface's chemical morphology and wettability is investigated. Compared to the untreated seeds, surface erosion of both seeds is observed. The surface wettability is also enhanced. The SP helps improve the seed germination rate and seedling growth of both seeds. We present the effect of plasma on seed germination in the aspect that SP can degrade polysaccharides—the main constituent of the seed coat. The formation of reactive oxygen species during treatment is supposed to be another reason for better seed germination.