bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and prediction of COVID-19 using growth analysis models: A case study
Authors: Lone Kalimullah , Sofi Shabir Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The recent corona virus disease 2019 outbreak has added to the development of novel methods to study the epidemiological and predictive nature of the pandemic. Mining such data is necessary as this data is full of trends and information. Use of data mining techniques allows us to extract and process such data in order to predict the trends and behaviour of the pandemic. Analysis, evaluation and prediction is performed on Jammu and Kashmir’s data during the period 09th of March 2020 to 10th of February 2021. The work is done on the dataset of patients provided by department of information and public relations, Government of Jammu and kashmir. Various mathematical models and techniques were used to predict the virus spread and occurrence with the help of symptoms. Our aim is to propose a model to predict the virus occurrence based on the symptoms and epidemiological nature of the pandemic. The trends and behaviour of the virus in Jammu and Kashmir was studied. People under observation, number of people tested for the virus, positive, negative, recovered, active and deaths were keenly observed. The prediction to find an infected patient was carried out with the help of symptoms. The results obtained from the prediction model are verified with the actual results.
Epidural Failure Among Junior Residents: Should the First Stage of Practical Skill Acquisition be Developed in a Skills Lab? A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Farsi Sara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundEpidural insertion is one of the more complex skills that anesthesia residents must master by the end of their training.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study investigating the relationship between labor epidural failure and anesthesia residents’ level of training.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in success rate (p = 0.04), number of pricks (p = 0.001), and time to insertion (p = 0.04) between senior and junior anesthesia residents.ConclusionsThese findings may be a result of the resident passing through the cognitive and integrative stages of skill development. In an effort to improve anesthesia residents’ training experience and provide a safe environment for both patients and trainees, simulation should be used when possible, to develop the basic techniques required for epidural insertion.
Risk Stratification of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Complicated with Sepsis Using Lactate Trajectories
Authors: Zhang Haoyue , Li Ziping , Zheng Weiqiang , Zhang Linlin , Yang Tianqi , Xie Keliang , Yu Yonghao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
No consensus has been reached on an optimal blood lactate evaluation system although several approaches have been reported in the literature in recent years. A group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) method could better stratify patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicated with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods
762 patients from the comprehensive ICU of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital with ARDS complicated with sepsis were eligible for analysis. Serial serum lactate levels were measured within 48 h of admission. In addition to the GBTM lactate groups, the initial lactate, peak lactate level, the area under the curve of serial lactate (lactate AUC), and lactate clearance were also considered for comparison. The short- and long-term outcomes were the 30- and 90-day mortality rates, respectively.
Results
Three lactate groups were identified based on GBTM, with group 3 exhibiting the worse short- (hazard ratio (HR): for 30-days mortality: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.75 to 2.92, P < 0.001) and long term (HR for 90-day mortality: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.78 to 5.27, P < 0.001) outcomes followed by group 2 [HR for 30-day mortality: 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30 to 2.47, P < 0.001] and HR for 90-days mortality: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.30 to 2.31, P < 0.001). GBTM lactate groups exhibited significantly improved diagnostic performance of initial lactate + SOFA scores/APACHE II scores models. Based on the multivariable fractional polynomial interaction (MFPI) approach, GBTM lactate groups could better differentiate high-risk patients than the initial lactate groups in short- and long-term outcomes.
Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that GBTM-based serial blood lactate evaluations significantly improve the diagnostic capacity of traditional critical care evaluation systems and bring many advantages over previously documented lactate evaluation systems.
Serum Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Phenylketonuria Patients
Authors: Karimpour Farouq , Roushanbakht Nazanin , Abdoli Amirabbas , Mousavi Zahra , Ebrahimi Soltan Ahmad , Najafizadeh Parvaneh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Neurological damage is one of the main challenges faced by patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) which is partly caused by oxidative stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to that, high concentration of phenylalanine or its metabolites and destruction of enzymatic antioxidant systems may result in such a damage. The present study sought to evaluate oxidative stress parameters in the plasma of PKU patients (PKU group) and compare them with those of healthy individuals (control group).Methods: A total of 123 plasma samples obtained from both PKU and control groups were randomly selected. The concentration of 19 essential amino acids was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative biomarkers, including thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBA-Rs), catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in the samplesResults: Evaluation of 19 amino acids in the two groups showed that phenylalanine (Phe) concentration was significantly higher in PKU group, compared with the control (p<0.0001). Moreover, GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD activities significantly decreased, while TBA-RS increased (p<0.0001) in PKU serums. There was also a significant positive correlation between Phe concentration and the values of GSH-Px (p<0.001), CAT (p<0.001), and SOD (p<0.001). Finally, a significant negative correlation was observed between Phe concentration and TBA-Rs value (p<0.001).Conclusion: Oxidative stress could be one of the causes of intellectual disability in patients suffering from PKU. The accumulation of Phe and neurotoxic derivatives decreases antioxidant defense and heightens oxidative stress by increasing ROS.
The change of genetic diversity and isolation-by-distance pattern in Qinling pandas
Authors: Huang Jiqin , Hu Simin , Zhu Qifeng , Li Fangfang , Zhang Ximing , Jin Xuelin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to geographic isolation and habitat disturbance, Qinling pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis) were divided into six geographical subpopulations in the Fourth National Survey on Giant Pandas. The habitat fragmentation hinders giant pandas’ spread and gene flow and reduces this species’ genetic diversity. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether such geographical demarcation of Qinling panda subpopulations can be reflected on the genetic level. In this study, we conduct a microsatellite analysis with 12 loci based on 90 individuals identified via fecal samples collected from March 2017 to January 2018 in Qinling Mountains. The level of observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.330 to 0.898 with a mean Ho of 0.578; the level of expected heterozygosity (He) is between 0.288 and 0.721 with an average value of 0.529. The analysis of isolation-by-distance (IBD) pattern finds genetic distance has a significantly positive correlation with geographic distance in close distance levels (p = 0.001). To conserve the Qinling panda’s genetic diversity, measures need to be taken to help genetic exchanges between different habitat patches, especially for those with very few individuals.
ABOT: An Open-Source Online Benchmarking Tool for Machine Learning-based Artefact Detection and Removal Methods from Neuronal Signals
Authors: Fabietti Marcos , Mahmud Mufti , Lotfi Ahmad , Kaiser M Shamim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Brain signals are recorded using different techniques to aid an accurate understanding of brain function and to treat its disorders. Untargeted internal and external sources contaminate the acquired signals during the recording process. Often termed as artefacts, these contaminations cause serious hindrances in decoding the recorded signals; hence, they must be removed to facilitate unbiased decision making for a given investigation. Due to the complex and elusive manifestation of artefacts in neuronal signals, computational techniques serve as powerful tools for their detection and removal. Machine learning (ML) based methods have been successfully applied in this task. Due to ML's popularity, many articles are published every year, making it challenging to find, compare and select the most appropriate method for a given experiment. To this end, this paper presents ABOT (Artefact removal Benchmarking Online Tool) as an online benchmarking tool which allows users to compare existing ML-driven artefact detection and removal methods from the literature. The characteristics and related information about the existing methods have been compiled as a knowledgebase (KB) and presented through a user-friendly interface with interactive plots and tables for users to search it using several criteria. Key characteristics extracted from over 120 articles from the literature have been used in the KB to help compare the specific ML models. To comply with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) principle, the source code and documentation of the toolbox have been made available via an open-access repository.
Diagnostic yield of TOF-MRA for detecting incidental vascular lesions in patients with cognitive impairment: observational cohort study
Authors: Park Ho Young , Suh Chong Hyun , Shim Woo Hyun , Heo Hwon , Kim Woo Seok , Lim Jae-Sung , Lee Jae-Hong , Kim Ho Sung , Kim Sang Joon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigated the diagnostic yield of three-dimensional (3D) TOF-MRA for detecting incidental extra- or intracranial artery stenosis and intracranial aneurysm in patients with cognitive impairment. This retrospective study included 1753 patients (mean age, 70.2 ± 10.6 years; 1044 women) with cognitive impairment undergoing our brain MRI protocol from January 2013 to February 2020. In total, 199 intracranial aneurysms were detected among 162 patients (9.2%, 162/1753). 3D TOF-MRA revealed significant artery stenoses (> 50% stenosis) in 162 patients (9.2%, 162/1753). The overall diagnostic yield of TOF-MRA was 16.8% (294/1753). Fifteen patients (aneurysm: 11 patients, stenosis: 4 patients) (5.1%, 15/294) were further treated with endovascular intervention or surgery. Thus, the "number needed to scan" was 116 for identifying one patient requiring vascular intervention. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being female (odds ratio [OR] 2.05) and old age (OR 1.04) were independent risk factors for intracranial aneurysm; being male (OR 1.52), old age (OR 1.06), hypertension (OR 1.78), and ischemic heart disease history (OR 2.65) were independent risk factors for significant artery stenosis. Despite the high diagnostic yield of 16.8% for detecting vascular lesions, the additional benefit of the 3D TOF-MRA was questionable given that only a minority of the patients needed further treatment.
Predicting the Occurrence of a Data Breach
Authors: Barati Mehdi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The problem of data breach incidents in the United States has been attracting the attention of researchers and practitioners recently. Commercial entities and government agencies who obtain and process personal information face the risks of the breach of personal information and consequently legal, reputational, and financial damages. The risk management approach to information security is common to manage and mitigate those risks. This paper aims to estimate the probability of the occurrence and size of data breach incidents for government and commercial entities by devising a predictive model with historical data as its input. We used a dataset of all reported data breaches in the US collected and published by Privacy Rights Clearinghouse (PRC). The results show that the trend of a data breach has not been increasing despite all the attention and warnings. The distribution of data breach occurrence follows the Poisson and Negative Binomial distributions closely. Both models proved promising and can predict data breach incidents with low deviance from actual numbers.
Atropine can induce autophagy independent of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Liu Xin , chen hong , Yi Na-na , Yu Tian-fei , Yin Hai-chang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Atropine is a well-known muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR) antagonist; it has been used widely in medicine in that role. Autophagy plays an important role in many physiological processes. In this study, human renal epithelium (293T) cells were treated with different physiological regulators. It was found that atropine could significantly induce the conversion of autophagy marker protein microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC3) I to LC3II. In addition, atropine induced autophagosome levels in a dose-dependent manner within a certain concentration range. In cells treated with atropine, GFP-LC3 proteins accumulated as green foci, while GFP-LC3 had a diffuse distribution in mock control cells, further demonstrating atropine-induced autophagy in 293T cells. In atropine-treated mouse skeletal muscle (C2C12) cells containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rat cardiac muscle (H9c2) cells containing mAchR, it was found that atropine induced autophagy in C2C12 cells but not in H9c2 cells. Atropine did not induce autophagy in tissue cells containing mAchR in vivo but did in tissue cells not containing mAchR. Therefore, atropine can induce autophagy by binding to other unknown receptors.
Comparative study of the effect of left ventricular pacing versus right ventricular pacing on left ventricular function
Authors: Rafla Samir , Moustafa Nawar , Elkholy Doaa , Kholief Abdelfatah , Ayman Mohamad , Aboulenein Fatma 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Pacing from the apex of the RV is not considered optimal. This work aimed to assess and compare RV and LV pacing concerning LV function and dyssynchrony.Thirty-six patients who presented with indications for pacemakers were divided into three groups: 12 had LV pacing; 12 had RV pacing group. 12 had Dual-chamber pacing. Control group: Twelve healthy subjects were included in this study.Results: RV pacing group: During the post-implantation period, the distance of the 6-MWT ranged from 329 to 705 m with a median of 493.5 m; at three and six months, it ranged from 423 to 705 m with a median of 540.5 m, P= 0.006. The COP during the preimplantation period and at the six-month follow-up (P= 0.003). The t-IVT (Total isovolumic time) variables at the pre-and post-implantation periods at six months (P= 0.005). LV pacing group: The comparison of the 6-MWT distance and the QOL score in the post-implantation period and at six months revealed a highly significant difference in the median values. A highly significant difference between the median values of the mean PAP, COP, MPI, t-IVT, and Z ratio was found during the pre-and post-implantation periods (P= 0.000).Conclusions: 1. RVP seems to have less detrimental effects on LV synchrony and LV function. For those patients indicated for conventional pacemaker indications with normal or mildly impaired LV function with EF > 35%, RVA (right ventricular apical) pacing is still the gold standard pacing site.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among Patients Admitted to Medical Ward in a Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Weldetensae Meskelu Kidu , Weldegebreial Migbnesh Geberemedhin , Gebreselassie Measho , Berhe Ephrem 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease is being recognized as a global public health problem. It is a major non-communicable disease with the global prevalence varying between 10.5% and 13.1%. Diabetes and hypertension appear to be the leading causes of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and its associated factors of chronic kidney disease among patients admitted to medical ward in a tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia.Methodology: An institution based cross-sectional study was undertaken using systematic random sampling technique to select study participants from October 20, 2017 to March 20, 2018 G.C. Data from 450 patients was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire designed to meet the study objective. After describing variables, logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associated factors of chronic kidney disease. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05.Result: Of the 450 patients, 260 (57.8%) were males and more than half (54.2%) were between ages of 25 to 40 years. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients admitted to medical ward was 17.3% (95% CI 13 - 29.9) and 14.4% (95 % CI 6.2 - 12.3) by Cockcroft Gault and MDRD equations, respectively and majority (61.5%) of them were stage 5. Hypertension (AOR = 7.8 95% CI 4.1, 14.9), history of recurrent urinary tract infection (AOR = 3.5 95% CI 1.1, 7.3) and history of using nephrotoxic drugs (AOR = 3.4 95% CI 2, 9.3) were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adult patients admitted to medical ward in tertiary hospital, Northern Ethiopia was high and majority of patients were stage 5. Hypertension, use of nephrotoxic agents and recurrent urinary tract infections were significantly associated. Knowing these risk factors will be very important for early detection of kidney disease and slowing progression. Since once end stage renal disease established, treatments are expensive, lifelong, resource intensive and scarce, especially in our country.
Probiotic evaluation of a craft wheat beer fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 to treat Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice
Authors: Oliveira Samantha R. M. , Campos Lara L. , Amaral Maisa N. S. , Galotti Bruno , Ricci Mayra F. , Vital Katia D. , Souza Ramon O. , Uetanabaro Ana Paula T. , Junqueira Mateus S. , Silva Andreia M. , Fernandes Simone O. A. , Cardoso Valbert N. , Nicoli Jacques R. , Martins Flaviano S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Functional foods containing probiotics are generally administered as dairy products. Non-dairy beverages are another possibility, but probiotic functionality must be confirmed in such vehicles. In the present study, a craft wheat beer brewed with the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 (905) was evaluated in a murine model of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection. Unfiltered or filtered beer brewed with 905, a commercial wheat beer used as a negative control, or saline were administered orally to mice before and during oral ST challenge. High fecal levels of yeast were only counted in mice treated with the unfiltered 905 beer, which also had reduced mortality and body weight loss due to ST infection. Increased levels of intestinal IgA, translocation to liver and spleen, liver and intestinal lesions, pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver and ileum, and hepatic and intestinal myeloperoxidase and eosinophilic peroxidase activities were observed in animals infected with ST. All these parameters were reduced by the treatment with unfiltered 905 beer. In conclusion, the results show that a craft wheat beer brewed with S. cerevisiae UFMG A-905 maintained the probiotic properties of this yeast when administered orally to mice challenged with S. Typhimurium.
L. reuteri FLRE5K1 inhibits the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via activating the IFN-γ/CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ye Shuiwen , Wang XinLu , Wang Kang , Zhong Fangmin , Yao Fangyi , Xu Yanmei , Yang Yulin , Lin Jin , Huang Bo , Xu Feng , Wang Xiaozhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria participate in the formation of the structure and function of the tissues and organs in which they live, and play an essential role in maintaining the balance between health and disease. L. reuteri FLRE5K1 was isolated from the liver of healthy mice by our group and proved to be a probiotic with anti-melanoma activity in previous studies. The relationship between hepatic symbiotic probiotics and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported yet. In the present study, L. reuteri FLRE5K1 was initially confirmed to successfully enter the liver after being administered by gavage, and the efficacy of probiotic feeding on HCC and its potential mechanism of inhibiting tumor progression were investigated by an orthotopic liver cancer model established. The results showed that L. reuteri FLRE5K1 significantly reduced the tumor formation rate and inhibited tumor growth. From the perspective of mechanism, activation of the IFN-γ/CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway as well as its positive feedback on the secretion of IFN-γ, induced the polarization of Th0 cell to Th1 cell and inhibited the differentiation of Treg cell, which played a key role in the inhibitory effect of L. reuteri FLRE5K1 on the development and progression of HCC.
Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with Gas Chromatography Determination of γ-nonolactone in Coconut Juice
Authors: Gao Yuling , Zhang Xiaolin , Guo Yongxia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Determination of γ-nonolactone in coconut juice by deep eutectic solvents (DES) combined with gas chromatography was developed. Acetonitrile added deep eutectic solvents was used to extract γ-nonolactone from coconut juice with ultrasonic assist. The effects of different proportions of DES on the extraction efficiency of γ-nonolactone in coconut juice were investigated. The results showed that the extraction efficiency of γ-nonolactone in coconut juice with acetonitrile solution added with deep eutectic solvents was the highest, and the samples could be directly injected through membrane after high-speed refrigerated centrifugation. γ-nonolactone has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.1 ~ 20.0 µg/mL, the detection limit of the method is 0.2 mg/kg, the limit of quantification is 0.5 mg/kg, and the addition level is 0.2, 0.5, 10.0 mg/kg recovery the range is 81.5 ~ 105.0%,and the relative standard deviation (n = 6) is in the range of 0.6 ~ 5.8%. The method is simple to operate, has high sensitivity, and good precision. It can provide a reference for the analysis and detection of whether coconut water is added with γ-nonolactone .
A Unique Case of Rectal Cancer with Coexistence of Multiple Pathways of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Rateria Nisha , Ojha Ritu , Shukla Mridula , Pandey Manoj 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer with a global incidence of 10% has multiple pathways implicated in its carcinogenesis. WNT signalling is the principal underlying pathway via APC gene, while defective mismatch repair genes and epigenetic changes also have proven contribution. Case presentation: Here we present an unusual case of rectal adenocarcinoma in a 66 year old woman, with germline MSH6 and PMS1 mutations, and also simultaneous somatic APC and TP53 mutations. Conclusions: The case is unique suggesting a possible interaction between the two pathways and contributing to carcinogenesis in this patient. This also suggests need for a thorough germline and somatic mutation evaluation in colorectal cancers.