bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiritualitas egaliter mengantisipasi eksklusivitas budaya di lingkungan gereja pada wilayah Sumba Timur: Refleksi teologis Filipi 2:1-8
Authors: Gultom Joni Manumpak Parulian , Pramini Pramini , Novalina Martina 
Published: May 2022

The phenomenon of religious exclusivity does not only occur with other religions but in one religion. The phenomenon of religious exclusivity does not only occur between religious adherents but also between groups of people within the same religion. This phenomenon can be seen in the district of East Sumba, where there is still persecution of priests of different denominations, bullying related to the caste of the congregation, and pastors are higher than others, in local culture. This article provides an understanding of the spirituality of the church's egalitarianism in anticipating Sumba's socio-cultural institutions in placing equal values and rights of everyone in the eyes of God and others, according to Philippians 2:1-8. Research with a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature review found that churches in East Sumba Regency must be inclusive by opening themselves up to existing differences, not just doctrinal differences, but also ethnicity and caste egocentricity which must be minimized. The spirituality of the egalitarianism of the church is a divine value to continue to work on, through the existing local culture with the leaders of the people and the nobles (maramba), who sit together in divine leadership. Whole human development in the work of Christ's salvation is the focus of the church, with equal actions by leaders from any caste, open and providing equal opportunities for every believer in the local culture. AbstrakFenomena eksklusivitas beragama bukan saja terjadi dengan agama lainnya tetapi dalam satu Fenomena eksklusivitas beragama bukan saja terjadi antarpemeluk agama, namun juga antarkelompok umat dalam satu agama. Fenomena ini dapat dilihat di daerah Kabupaten Sumba Timur, di mana masih terjadi persekusi terhadap pendeta yang berbeda denominasi, perundungan terkait kasta jemaat, bahwa pendeta lebih tinggi dari yang lain, dalam budaya lokal. Artikel ini memberikan pemahaman spiritualitas egalitarianisme gereja dalam mengantisipasi pranata sosial budaya Sumba dalam mendudukakn kesejajaran nilai dan hak setiap orang yang sama di mata Tuhan dan sesama, menurut Filipi 2:1-8. Penelitian dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui kajian literatur menemukan bahwa gereja di Kabupaten Sumba Timur harus bersikap inklusif dengan membuka diri terhadap perbedaan yang ada, bukan sekadar perbedaan doktrin, tetapi juga egosentris sukuisme dan kasta yang harus diminimalisir. Spiritualitas egalitarianisme gereja menjadi nilai ilahi untuk terus dikerjakan, melalui budaya lokal yang ada dengan para pemimpin umat dan para bangsawan (maramba), yang duduk bersama dalam kepemimpinan Ilahi. Pembangunan manusia seutuhnya di dalam karya keselamatan Kristus menjadi fokus utama gereja, dengan tindakan kesetaraan para pemimpin dari kalangan kasta apa pun, terbuka dan memberi kesempatan yang sama untuk setiap orang percaya dalam lingkup budaya lokal.
Pharmaceutical Marketing: A Literature Review
Authors: Kalyani Rajput  , Dr. Rajesh Kumar Pandey  
Published: May 2022

Marketing is the essence businesses and the business fraternity globally have accepted this norm of marketing the products effectively in order to achieve desired results. One of the premier and global Industry is Pharmaceutical Industry. It has a wide range of scope right from over the counter (OTC) products to life savings drugs to medical equipments. So much so that Medical Education at large includes a separate section as Pharmaceutical Education and this premium education experiences builds the base for Pharma Product manufacturing. Getting across these products to the Market requires essential skills and hence it signifies the efforts of Pharmaceutical Marketing. As against the Marketing of general product, Pharma Marketing involves further more essentialities as it belongs to the category of useful & needy products but not desired products as one never plans in general to buy a medicine or medical equipment unless prescribed or advised under medical care. This factor poses the massive challenge in the field of Pharmaceutical marketing.
The Review paper attempts to understand the essence & concept of Pharmaceutical Marketing. It further aims to massively review the existing literature on Pharmaceutical Marketing and present the inferences. This conceptual study is completed with the help of Secondary data. It encompasses the thoughts of authors & researchers who have contributed to the Pharmaceutical Marketing domain. The Review has been categorised into studies of Marketing Mix, Consumer Behaviour towards Pharma Products, Green Marketing approach and execution of Pharma Marketing. The Papers & literature reviewed have been selected on Author’s convenience & judgement, which may result in the limitation for study and the inferences presented may be indicative rather exhaustive.
Spray Forming Composite Combustion Chamber Structures
Authors: Vlcek J. , Huber H. , Kretschmer J. , Schenkel T. , Voggenreiter H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric Rheo-Spraying (ARS) using the HVOF process enables injection-molded structures and thick-film coatings from steels and from high-temperature Ni-based alloys with layer thicknesses down to the centimeter. The ARS process control is based on the thermal spraying of particles in the solid state at a maximum average speed of more than 600 m/s. The coating consolidation to porosity values below 1% occurs through the particle impact with high kinetic energy. Because of the low particle oxidation, the mechanical properties of the heat-treated injection-molded structures are comparable to those of forged alloys. In this paper, ARS injection molding is successfully implemented in combination with an innovative manufacturing technique in rocket engine technology to produce a model composite combustion chamber with a thermally sprayed internal pressure jacket. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Evaluation of Molybdenum-Based Silicides in a Combustion and Endothermic Environment
Authors: Castro R. G. , Vaidya R. U. , Ayala A. , Bartram B. D. , Gallegos D. E. , Kurek H. S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the stability of molybdenum base silicides, which are located in combustion chambers and in an endothermic environment, for use in radiant tubes for heat treatment. The subject matter was plasma-sprayed molybdenum disilicide, pentamolybdenum trisilicide, hot-pressed molybdenum disilicide, and molybdenum disilicide composites containing SiC and silicon nitride reinforcements. Results of the investigation show that the oxidation resistance of plasma sprayed molybdenum disilicide can be detrimentally effected due to the silicon loss that occurs during the high temperature plasma spray process. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Vakuumplasmaspritzen hartmagnetischer Schichten auf Nd-Fe-B-Basis (Vacuum Plasma Spraying of Hard Magnetic Coatings Based on Neodymium-Iron-Boron)
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Duda T. , Unterberg W. , Rieger G. , Wecker J. , Rodewald W. , Sattler W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coatings with magnetic properties were produced by vaccum plasma spraying of different Nd-Fe-B powders onto stainless¬steel substrates. Microscopic examination of the coatings in a light microscope revealed a low porosity and a good bonding to the substrate. Scanning electron microscope examinations have shown different phases in these coatings. The magnetic properties of the coatings are also presented. Paper text in German.
Corrosion and Wear Resistance of WC Based Coatings with High Alloy Binders
Authors: Berget J. , Rogne T. , Solem T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper examines WC based coatings with high-alloy binders with regard to their structure, corrosion behavior and wear. The coatings are compared to conventional coatings with respect to corrosion and wear. The coatings were made using HVOF spraying of various powders. All powders examined were produced by agglomeration/sintering, that is by agglomeration of metal particles with WC particles and subsequent sintering. Some powders have been made using pre-alloyed metal particles. The paper also examines a mixture of ceramic-metallic powder and purely metallic powder. Various methods are used to characterize the powders and coatings. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Untersuchungen zum Mineralgleitverschleiß von thermisch gespritzten Hartstoffschichten (Survey of Sliding Wear of Thermally Sprayed Hard-Coatings with Minerals)
Authors: Köhler A. , Adam D. , Männel P. , Stehr G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A promising technique to increase the portions of hard metal and hence the wear resistance of components is the coating with more wear-resistant hard metals by thermal spraying. The development of suitable coatings includes the selection of substrates, preliminary treatment of substrates, selection of powders, spraying techniques, spraying parameters, coating and quality characterisation. Examined were variants of high velocity oxy-fuel flame spraying CDS (Continuous-Detonatio-Spraying), DJH (Diamond-Jet-Hybrid 2700) and the wear resistance with 3-body-wear. The results confirm that substrates coated by DJH hard metal (e.g. with WC 86 Co10 Cr4) in comparisation with uncoated substrates (16MnCr5, case-hardened, hardness 65 HRC) have a specific wear by 3-body-wear-test which is many times lower then without coating. Paper text in German.
Thermal Spray Deposition of Metallic and Ceramic Coating on Aluminium and Titanium Alloys using the PROTAL Process
Authors: Folio F. , Barbezat G. , Coddet C. , Montavon G. , Costil S. , Fréneaux O. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Surface preparation prior to thermal spraying is a key step in ensuring a good adhesion of the coating onto the part to be coated. This article discusses the effects of laser treatment conditions on the substrate topography and coating adhesion. It investigates the properties of various types of coating applied to aluminum and titanium substrates using the PROTAL process. The paper compares the results obtained from coating of substrates directly in the "machined" state with those of a classical process (degreasing and subsequent sandblasting using aluminum oxide before coating). The results show that the PROTAL process offers the potential to avoid degreasing and steel shot blasting in numerous coating systems even with critical material combinations. In addition, the economic aspects of the process are discussed. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Improvement of Coating Characteristics and End-Use Performance of Thermal Sprayed Coatings Through Posttreatments Like Hardening, Nitriding or Carburizing
Authors: Nestler M.C. , Spies H.-J. , Herrmann K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper contributes to the broadening of knowledge about process combinations in connection with thermally sprayed coatings. It describes the influence of a later annealing, nitriding, and carburizing on different thermal sprayed coatings. The connection between the processes is determined and optimal process parameters is adjusted for both processes. The paper analyzes the coating characteristics and the alterations of the substrate. The results of the metallographic and X-ray analysis as well as of the wear and corrosion tests are discussed. Prospects for possible further applications are given. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Nitriding of Titanium Plate and Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Titanium Coating using Nitrogen Plasma Jets Under a Low Pressure Environment
Authors: Andoh Y. , Tobe S. , Tahara H. , Yoshikawa T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, as a basic study of the plasma jet process under a low pressure, the nitriding of titanium plates and atmospheric plasma sprayed titanium coatings are carried out using nitrogen and hydrogen added nitrogen plasma jets at 30Pa. The plasma torch used in this paper is equipped with a supersonic expansion nozzle to improve the acceleration efficiency of plasma jets. The effects of ambient pressures and supersonic expansion nozzles on transformation of plasma particles are examined from gas-dynamical viewpoints. It was observed that from the results, the supersonic plasma jet process under a low pressure was proved to have a high potential for nitriding. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Control of Jet Convergence in Wire Arc Spray Systems
Authors: Hussary N. , Schein J. , Heberlein J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to achieve improved control over the spray pattern in a wire arc torch by means of constructive measures to influence the flow dynamics. It focuses on evaluating different fluid dynamic designs of the spray torches with respect to the droplet trajectories and velocity distributions and the deposit distribution. First, the paper describes the approaches for novel nozzle designs including the addition of shrouds and the torch evaluation diagnostics, and then presents the results for four different nozzle arrangements. It is observed that the nozzle design and the placement of the wire tips within the nozzle have the greatest effect on the divergence of the spray pattern. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermisch gespritzte Schichtdicken-Normale für eine Kalibrierstelle – Anforderungen und Realisierung (Thermally Sprayed Layer Thickness Standards for Calibration - Requirements and Implementation)
Authors: Bürki H.R. , Siegmann S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For quality control in the coating sector, coat thicknesses are measured either destructively or non-destructively. Many European and internationally applicable testing possibilities are available for this purpose, e.g. [1-13]. One common feature in all the procedures is the retraceability of the length or length differences measured using various methods to national or international units. In the range of the thin coats (&lt; 10 µm), various coat standards exist today according to which, for example, device manufacturers or users can adjust their measuring devices. However, there are no such certifiable standards for the thick-coat range. The objective of this project was to manufacture standard coat thicknesses of approx. 50 - 1,000 µm using vacuum plasma spraying consisting of non-conductive, non-magnetic coats with the highest possible precision with regard to coat ho¬mogeneity and final-contour fabrication and then to certify them. This article describes the requirements concerning the material selection, spraying process and subsequent machining. Paper text in German.
Tensile Testing of HVOF-Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Varis T. , Korpiola K. , Jokinen P. , Auerkari P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and ultimate tensile strength of HVOF-sprayed NiCr (80/20) coating are evaluated by a uniaxial tensile test parallel to the coating plane. The effect of stand off distance is also considered. It is observed that, in the tensile test, the alloy NiCr (80/20) showed moduli of elasticity between 130 and 155 GPa and tensile strengths between 185 and 210 MPa. For the WC-CoCr alloy, the modulus of elasticity was between 185 and 210 MPa and the tensile strength was around 80 MPa. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Safe Working Practices with Thermal Spray Gases
Authors: Creffield G. , Cole M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper informs about the potential dangers associated with the gases used in thermal spraying. These include fuel gases, oxygen, inert gases, and carbon dioxide. The paper addresses the following: flammability, explosion, oxygen enrichment and tolerance, asphyxiation, and low-temperature technology. It presents regulations and leaflets relating to the safe storage, handling, and use of gases with various supply options. Safe working techniques are recommended along with a brief description of the relevant safety equipment. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Verschleißeigenschaften von Aluminium-Legierungen durch Plasma-Pulver-Schweißverfahren (Possibilities for Improving Wear-Properties of Aluminium-Alloys by Plasma Powder Welding Process)
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Langer G. , Schlimbach K. , Dilthey U. , Kabatnik L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aluminium alloys are extensively used materials which can be found in all kinds of industrial applications. They have distinctive advantages such as a high strength/weight ratio, an excellent workability and a good corrosion behaviour. However, aluminium alloys have wear resistance properties which limitate further use of these alloys. Plasma transferred arc surfacing (PTA) using the DCCP-technology (Direct Current Combined Polarity) was used for enhancing wear properties of different aluminium alloys (AlMgSi0.5, AlSi12) by the formation of an alloyed layer with added ceramics. Hardness of the base material could be increased by more than two times while the wear resistance of the modified aluminium alloy was about ten times higher compared to the base material. Paper text in German.
Rollennaht-Auftragschweißen – eine Alternative zum thermischen Spritzen hochbeanspruchter Oberflächen (Resistance Roller Seam Deposition Welding – An Alternative for Thermal Spraying of High Strained Surfaces)
Authors: Sitte G. , Keitel S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Resistance seam surfacing is an economic alternative for thermal spraying especially for high abrasion wear on surfaces of simple geometry. First tests have shown that this process can also be used for producing wear protection layers on aluminium surfaces. The advantages of this process are very low energy costs, no danger for health, no loss of powder, a relatively low process temperature and a good quality of the layer. Paper text in German.
Fatigue Life of HVOF Tungsten Carbide Coated Aluminum and Hard Anodized Aluminum in Cyclic Bending and the Influence of Coating Residual Stresses
Authors: Wilson J.M. , Kim J. , Shadley J.R. , Rybicki E.F. , Emery W.A. , Somerville D.A. , Nuse J.D. , McGrann R.T.R. , Greving D.J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One candidate alternative to chrome plating and hard anodizing is a tungsten carbide (WC) coating applied by the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) process. HVOF WC coatings are currently being evaluated in many service life tests, including fatigue. The purpose of this paper is to compare the fatigue life of HVOF WC coated specimens with the fatigue life of hard anodized and bare aluminum specimens. This work examines WC thermal spray coatings as candidates for replacement of hard chrome plating and hard anodizing in aircraft and helicopter applications such as landing gear. In fatigue testing, the results showed an expected fatigue deficit for hard anodizing as compared to bare aluminum. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Simulation of the Thermal Spray Process and Off-Line Programming
Authors: Bonnet R. , Bolot R. , Coddet C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Thermal spraying is an efficient process for producing surface coatings that have improved corrosion and wear properties. In modern injection processes, robots are used, which enable higher productivity and piece quality. However, there are some difficulties with robot programming when the part geometry becomes very complex. In order to improve the robot programming procedure and accordingly increase the quality and economy of the process, a research program was set up in which the thermal spray process was simulated. The off-line simulation of the trajectories of the spray guns, the thickness distribution of the layer and the temperature distribution on the substrate were included. This paper presents the simulation procedure. It also presents some examples with numerical results that showed an improvement in the coating procedure. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Plasma Spraying of Silicates II
Authors: Neufuss K. , Ilavsky J. , Dubsky J. , Kolman B. , Chraska P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Silicates represent a broad group of industrially important ceramic materials. The only silicate that is widely used for plasma spraying is zirconium silicate. Other silicates are generally not used, although they can offer interesting application properties. This paper presents results with other silicates: synthetic wollastonite, stoichiometric mullite, cordierite, and steatite. The input materials were produced in selected sizes from ceramic in industrial quality and applied with the water-stabilized plasma spray system PAL160 to form free-standing panels. The morphology of the microstructure, the thermal expansion, the bulk and filling densities, the open and closed porosity, the phase, and the chemical changes were evaluated. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Residual Stresses and Young’s Modulus of Alumina and Chromia Plasma Sprayed Deposits
Authors: Dubský J. , Kolman B. , Vyšohlíd M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to measure the residual stresses of plasma sprayed oxide ceramic deposits using the X-ray diffraction method and measure the Young’s Modulus in specially designed four-point bend test device. Aluminum oxide and chromium oxide coatings are made with a water stabilized plasma spray gun. The paper analyzes the microstructure and the phase composition. The X-ray diffraction method is used to determine residual stresses on the layer surfaces. The same method is used for the local measurement of surface tensions in a four-point bending device built into an X-ray diffractometer. This device also enables the force applied and the specimen deflection to be measured. Effective modules of elasticity are determined from the gradient from load to deflection during bending. The results of the tension measurements and the values calculated from the applied force are compared. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Thermisch gespritzte Schichten auf der Magnesiumlegierung AZ 91 zur Verbesserung der Korrosions- und Verschleißeigenschaften (Thermal Sprayed Coatings on the Magnesium Alloy AZ 91 for Improvement of Corrosion and Wear Resistance)
Authors: Weisheit A. , Lenz U. , Mordike B.L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper reviews the results of thermal spraying on the magnesium alloy AZ 91. By plasma, arc and HVOF spraying various metal based alloys were used as coating materials. The layers were investigated with regard to microstructure, bonding and corrosion resistance. Paper text in German.
Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Powders and Coatings
Authors: Shmyreva T. , Popov E. , Papyrin A. , Smith E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, three goals are attacked, namely synthesis of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) powder, obtaining HA phase constitution close to that of the bone hydroxyapatite, and preserving the initial HA composition and crystal structure in the sprayed coating. HA-aluminum composite coatings are produced using the cold gas dynamic spray method (CGDS). It is observed that the CGDS process enables the application of coatings without changing the phase composition of the HA, whereby the HA biocompatibility is retained. Paper includes a German-language abstract.
Residual Stresses in HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2/NiCr-Coatings
Authors: Han J.-J. , Knight R. , Schadler L.S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the residual stresses in high velocity oxy-fuel-sprayed chromium carbide/nickel-chromium coatings are measured using a bending technique "Almen" type measured. The influence of the most important spray parameters (including total gas flow rate, fuel-oxygen ratio, spray distance, thermal effects of the process, and particle speed) on the generation of internal stresses is examined. The influences of the process factors and material properties are studied, for example the "hammering" of the coating by impacting particles and the lack of conformity of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the coating/substrate. The results show that all residual stresses were caused by pressure and were very sensitive to the thermal effects of the process. Paper includes a German-language abstract.