bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for Domestic Violence and Child Custody Litigation
Authors: Pisarra David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A growing body of social science literature has shown that children who witness abuse between their parents, known as domestic violence or intimate partner violence, are at risk for developing severe behavioral and psychological problems. Accusations of domestic violence are now taken seriously within the family court system. It is expected that the custody rights of offending parents will be curtailed when such accusations have merit. However, determining the merits of a particular set of accusations is difficult because of vague and contradictory legal statutes, poorly informed evaluators and mediators whose decisions too often reflect bias or prevailing political interests rather than empirical research findings, and the adversarial process in which these cases are litigated. In this chapter, a practicing family law attorney addresses these issues and suggests, from his experience, how custody determinations can be improved so that the best interests of children are indeed served.
Risk-Needs-Responsivity-Informed Approaches to Batterer Intervention Treatment
Authors: Roberts Amie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the standard components of batterer intervention programs, alternatives to the most common approaches, and which treatment modalities to avoid for offenders of intimate partner violence. The chapter focuses on treatment standards from Washington State, including rules for behavioral assessments, treatment plans, a standardized cognitive-behavioral treatment curriculum, and core competencies for treatment completion. The risk-need-responsivity model is explained in depth, including how it is used in the assessment process, treatment planning, and treatment delivery in the programs of Washington State.
Competency Assessment in Focused Cardiac Ultrasound—Can the Use of Sequential Testing Help Tailor Training Requirements?
Authors: Walker Humphrey G. M. , McKenzie Dean P. , Brooks Kyle S. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Varying numbers of scans are required by different professional bodies before focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) competence is assumed. It has been suggested that innovation in the assessment of FCU competence is needed and that competency assessment needs to be more individualized. We report our experience of how the use of sequential testing may help personalize the assessment of FCU competence.

DESIGN:
This was a planned exploratory reanalysis of previously prospectively collected data. FCU was performed sequentially by an intensive care trainee and expert on the same patient. Assessment of left ventricular (LV) function by the trainee and expert was compared. Sequential testing methods were used in the analysis of this data to see if they could be used to help in the assessment of competence. Each trainee had completed a 38-hour teaching program and a logbook of 30 scans prior to enrollment.

SETTING:
Tertiary Australian not for profit private academic hospital.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Two hundred seventy paired echocardiograms were completed by seven trainees. For trainees to achieve greater than 90% accuracy in correctly assessing LV function when compared with an expert, a variable number of scans were required. This ranged from 13 to 25 (95% CI, 13–25) scans. Over the study period, the ability to correctly identify LV function was maintained, and it appeared there was no degradation in skill.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using the Sequential Probability Ratio Test demonstrates a variable number of scans were required to show greater than 90% accuracy in the assessment of LV function. As such, the use of sequential testing could help individualize competency assessments in FCU. Additionally, our data suggests that over a 6-month period, echocardiographic skill is maintained without any formal teaching or feedback. Further work assessing the utility of this method based on larger samples is required.
Ventilation Liberation Practices Among 380 International PICUs
Authors: Loberger Jeremy M. , Campbell Caitlin M. , Colleti José , Borasino Santiago , Abu-Sultaneh Samer , Khemani Robinder G. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
1) Characterize the prevalence of ventilator liberation protocol use in international PICUs, 2) identify the most commonly used protocol elements, and 3) estimate an international extubation failure rate and use of postextubation noninvasive respiratory support modes.

DESIGN:
International cross-sectional study.

SUBJECTS:
Nontrainee pediatric medical and cardiac critical care physicians.

SETTING:
Electronic survey.

INTERVENTION:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Responses represented 380 unique PICUs from 47 different countries. Protocols for Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) practice (50%) and endotracheal tube cuff management (55.8%) were the only protocols used by greater than or equal to 50% of PICUs. Among PICUs screening for SBT eligibility, physicians were most commonly screened (62.7%) with daily frequency (64.2%). Among those with an SBT practice protocol, SBTs were most commonly performed by respiratory therapists/physiotherapists (49.2%) and least commonly by nurses (4.9%). Postextubation respiratory support protocols were not prevalent (28.7%). International practice variation was significant for most practices surveyed. The estimated median international extubation failure was 5% (interquartile range, 2.3–10%). A majority of respondents self-reported use of planned high-flow nasal cannula in less than or equal to 50% (84.2%) and planned noninvasive ventilation in less than or equal to 20% of extubations (81.6%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Variability in international pediatric ventilation liberation practice is high, and prevalence of protocol implementation is generally low. There is a need to better understand elements that drive clinical outcomes and opportunity to work on standardizing pediatric ventilation liberation practices worldwide.
An Unmet Need: Surgical Gloves with Variable Finger Lengths
Authors: Rudolph Ross , Chopra Christina , Van Etten Susan , Glaser Dale 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Sterile gloves are essential for plastic surgery, but little research has been published on glove fit. Sterile gloves are produced by all manufacturers, with finger lengths fixed for all sizes. Many wearers have fingers that are shorter or longer than usual, causing functional limitations due to incorrect glove finger length and fingertip fit.

Methods:
A multiquestion confidential electronic survey of glove finger length fit was sent to 6810 plastic surgery glove wearers from three organizations: American Society of Plastic Surgeons, International Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Nurses, and Association of Plastic Surgery Physician Assistants. Data were collected for this descriptive study in 2020–2021, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 27). Sample gloves from six brands were directly measured for finger length.

Results:
The survey yielded 500 responses, with some respondents not answering all questions. The response rate from American Society of Plastic Surgeons members was 8.2%, and was 7.3% from all groups combined. The most common reason for glove finger length dissatisfaction was fingers being too long (41.61%). Although there was variation in measured glove finger lengths, the variation was not uniform. Of all responders, 28.6% were very likely, and 16.16%, moderately likely, to want to use gloves with longer or shorter fingers if available, constituting a total of 44. 76%. Of these, 36.55% would pay increased cost (10%–25%) for such gloves.

Conclusions:
A high percentage of glove users would want gloves with variable finger lengths. Current surgical gloves do not support hand anatomy variations.
Factors Contributing to Physical Therapists’ Job and Career Satisfaction in the United States: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Briggs Matthew S. , Weber Mark D. , Olson-Kellogg Becky J. , DeWitt John J. , Hensley Craig P. , Harrington Kendra L. , Kidder Melissa S. , Farrell Joseph P. , Tichenor Carol Jo 
Published: May 2022

Introduction.
Mentoring and professional development opportunities influence job and career satisfaction.

Review of the Literature.
Job and career satisfaction are multifactorial. The purpose of this study was to compare job and career satisfaction between physical therapists (PTs) who were residency trained and PTs who were neither residency nor fellowship trained and between PTs who were fellowship trained and PTs who were neither residency nor fellowship trained.

Subjects.
Licensed PTs in the United States.

Methods.
An online survey was distributed asking questions regarding job satisfaction and career satisfaction. Respondents were categorized as completing a residency, fellowship, both, or neither. Responses were respectively summed, then compared between groups: residency versus nonresidency/nonfellowship and fellowship versus nonresidency/nonfellowship. Frequency analyses and Mann–Whitney U tests were performed.

Results.
A total of 3,080 survey responses were analyzed. Residency-trained PTs had an overall higher job satisfaction score (P = .03) and higher career satisfaction score (P = .05) when compared with non–residency-trained or non–fellowship-trained PTs. Fellowship-trained PTs reported higher job satisfaction (P < .001) and career satisfaction (P = .001) compared with non–residency-trained or non–fellowship-trained PTs. Residency-trained PTs rated the importance of their work being interesting and learning/improving in their work of greater importance to their job satisfaction compared with non–residency-trained or non–fellowship-trained PTs (P < .05). Whereas, fellowship-trained PTs rated factors such as their jobs being positively challenging, fulfilling, and interesting, having sufficient independence, and were learning/improving in their work of greater importance than non–residency-trained and non–fellowship-trained PTs (P ≤ .004).

Discussion and Conclusion.
Results from the study support previous evidence that PTs overall have high job/career satisfaction and residency/fellowship training may further enhance job and career satisfaction. Findings provide valuable insight and are relevant to all PTs as well as stakeholders involved in professional and postprofessional physical therapy education and those making hiring decisions and potential employment opportunities.
The current management and biomarkers of immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Chang Xiaojing , Ge Xiaohui , Zhang Yufeng , Xue Xiaoying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at later stage, because of few treatment options, the prognosis is poor. In recent years, however, Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs), such as anti- programmed death-1 (PD-1), anti-PD-L1, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in GC. Here, we summary the current treatment and advances of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the advanced stage of GC.

Methods:
WANFANG MED ONLINE, CNKI, NCBI PUBMED and clinicaltrials.gov were used to search literature spanning from 2000 to 2021, and all literatures about “advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1, PD-L1, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, immune therapy” with detailed data were included.

Results:
Nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been recommended for the third line or subsequent therapy in advanced GC. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy has been recommended for the first line treatment in advanced GC in China. Many other ICIs have been demonstrating encouraging efficacy. PD-L1, MSI-H, Epstein Barr virus, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) status maybe potential biomarkers for response to clinical outcomes for ICIs in GC.

Conclusion:
ICIs have shown encouraging treatment efficacy and manageable safety profile in GC. Some biomarkers including PD-L1, MSI-H, EBV, and TMB status could evaluate the efficacy of ICIs in GC.
Comparison of outcomes in emergency department revisiting patients before and after coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic
Authors: Chen Chung-Ting , Wang Tse-Yao , Shih Chia-Hui , Yen David Hung-Tsang , Tung Yu-Chi 
Published: May 2022

Background and importance
The outbreak of COVID-19 challenged the global health system and specifically impacted the emergency departments (EDs). Studying the quality indicators of ED care under COVID-19 has been a necessary task, and ED revisits have been used as an indicator to monitor ED performance.

Objectives
The study investigated whether discrepancies existed among ED revisiting cases before and after COVID-19 and whether the COVID-19 epidemic was a predictor of poor outcomes of ED revisits.

Design
Retrospective study.

Settings and participants
We used electronic health records data from a tertiary medical center. Data of patients with 72-h ED revisit after the COVID-19 epidemic were collected from February 2020 to June 2020 and compared with those of patients before COVID-19, from February 2019 to June 2019.

Outcome measures and analysis
The investigated outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and subsequent inhospital mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of 72-h ED revisit outcomes.

Main results
In total, 1786 patients were enrolled in our study – 765 in the COVID group and 1021 in the non-COVID group. Compared with the non-COVID group, patients in the COVID group were younger (53.9 vs. 56.1 years old; P = 0.002) and more often female (66.1% vs. 47.3%; P < 0.001) and had less escalation of triage level (11.6% vs. 15.0%; P = 0.041). The hospital admission and inhospital mortality rates in the COVID and non-COVID groups were 33.9% vs. 32.0% and 2.7% vs. 1.5%, respectively. In the logistic regression model, the COVID-19 period was significantly associated with inhospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 2.289; 95% confidence interval, 1.059–4.948; P = 0.035).

Conclusion
Patients with 72-h ED revisits showed distinct demographic and clinical patterns before and after the COVID-19 epidemic; the COVID-19 period was an independent predictor of increased inhospital mortality.
Effect of BCG HSP70 Gene Transfection on Dendritic Cells Derived From Bone Marrow in Children With Acute Leukemia
Authors: Wang Junlin , Li Xiaoling , Liu Chunlei , Wang Shuli , Li Jianqin 
Published: May 2022

Objectives:
In this study, immature dendritic cells (imDCs) were transfected with the Bacillé Calmette-Guérin (BCG) heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene to investigate the impact on the maturity and function of imDCs from the bone marrow of pediatric patients with acute leukemia.

Materials and Methods:
Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated from pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had achieved complete remission at least 6 months prior. The recombinant vector pDisplay-HSP70 was transfected into imDCs. The test groups included 5 subgroups: imDCs (imDCs without special processing), imDC-neos (imDCs transfected with the pDisplay vector), HSP70 (imDCs transfected with the pDisplay-HSP70 vector), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (imDCs induced with rhTNF-α), and HSP70+TNF-α. Mature dendritic cells (mDCs) from different groups (HSP70, TNF-α, and HSP70+TNF-α) and T cells were cultured. An equal number of lymphocytes and mDCs were used as controls. The proliferation indices of T cells and the cytokine contents (interleukin-12 and interferon-γ) were determined.

Results:
The HSP70 group and the TNF-α group expressed higher levels of HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 but lower levels than the HSP70+TNF-α group; there was no significant difference between the HSP70 group and the TNF-α group. The combination of HSP70 and TNF-α induced the highest levels of interleukin-12 and interferon-γ.

Conclusions:
The outcomes of this study indicated that gene transfection with BCG HSP70 evidently promoted imDC maturity and the antitumor effects of mDC-mediated T cells. It could serve as a candidate gene-modified cell vaccine for tumor immunotherapy.
Nasal-Type NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Involvement of the Vocal Cord on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Huang Mingxing , Wang Rang , Shen Guohua , Tian Rong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) rarely involves the vocal cord. Herein, we present a case of an ENKTL patient with vocal cord involvement revealed by FDG PET/CT. Nasopharyngoscopy showed a neoplasm in the larynx, which was eventually confirmed as ENKTL by immunohistochemical results. PET/CT was subsequently performed for staging, and intense FDG uptake in the left side of vocal cord suggested ENKTL involvement.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma With Pleura and Bone Metastases
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Chongjiao , Tian Yueli , Wen Bing , He Yong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a low- to intermediate-grade malignant vascular tumor with a slowly progressive course and unpredictable prognosis. We report a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with pleura and bone metastases on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in a 65-year-old woman who underwent surgery and chemotherapy.
Reverse Liver Spleen Uptake on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Abubakar Sofiullah , Al Riyami Khulood , Jain Anjali , Jayakrishnan Vipin , Tag Naima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An 80-year-old man underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for staging of high-risk prostate cancer. Homogeneously increased liver uptake, more than 3-fold the splenic uptake, was seen. There was no hepatic lesion evident on CT. A higher liver to splenic uptake is more typical of some 18F-labeled PSMA PET/CT but unusual in 68Ga-labeled PSMA PET/CT scan. Further evaluation revealed a history of impaired renal function, bilateral renal atrophy, relatively decreased renal uptake of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, and prominent bowel activity. We concluded that impaired renal function and subsequent poor excretion resulted in increased hepatic excretion, hence the unusual increased homogeneous hepatic uptake.
Video Review of Simulated Pediatric Cardiac Arrest to Identify Errors/Latent Safety Threats: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Garcia-Jorda Dailys , Nikitovic Dejana , Gilfoyle Elaine 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Outcomes from pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest depend on the treatment provided as well as resuscitation team performance. Our study aimed to identify errors occurring in this clinical context and develop an analytical framework to classify them. This analytical framework provided a better understanding of team performance, leading to improved patient outcomes.

Methods
We analyzed 25 video recordings of pediatric cardiac arrest simulations from the pediatric intensive care unit at the Alberta Children's Hospital. We conducted a qualitative-dominant crossover mixed method analysis to produce a broad understanding of the etiology of errors. Using qualitative framework analysis, we identified and qualitatively described errors and transformed the data coded into quantitative data to determine the frequency of errors.

Results
We identified 546 errors/error-related actions and behaviors and 25 near misses. The errors were coded into 21 codes that were organized into 5 main themes. Clinical task–related errors accounted for most errors (41.9%), followed by planning, and executing task-related errors (22.3%), distraction-related errors (18.7%), communication-related errors (10.1%), and knowledge/training-related errors (7%).

Conclusions
This novel analytical framework can robustly identify, classify, and describe the root causes of errors within this complex clinical context. Future validation of this classification of errors and error-related actions and behaviors on larger samples of resuscitations from various contexts will allow for a better understanding of how errors can be mitigated to improve patient outcomes.
Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion With the Organ Care System for Cardiac Transplantation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Langmuur Sanne J.J. , Amesz Jorik H. , Veen Kevin M. , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Manintveld Olivier C. , Taverne Yannick J.H.J. 
Published: May 2022

Background.
Heart transplantation (HTx) is, at present, the most effective therapy for end-stage heart failure patients; however, the number of patients on the waiting list is rising globally, further increasing the gap between demand and supply of donors for HTx. First studies using the Organ Care System (OCS) for normothermic machine perfusion show promising results yet are limited in sample size. This article presents a meta-analysis of heart donation either after brain death (OCS-DBD) or circulatory death (OCS-DCD) on using OCS versus static cold storage used for HTx.

Methods.
A systematic literature search was performed for articles discussing the use of normothermic ex situ heart perfusion in adult patients. Thirty-day survival outcomes were pooled, and odds ratios were calculated using random-effects models. Long-term survival was visualized with Kaplan-Meier curves, hazard ratios were calculated and pooled using fixed-effects models, and secondary outcomes were analyzed.

Results.
A total of 12 studies were included, with 741 patients undergoing HTx, of which 260 with the OCS (173 DBD and 87 DCD). No differences were found between the 3 groups for early and late survival outcomes or for secondary outcomes.

Conclusions.
OCS outcomes, for both DBD and DCD hearts, appeared similar as for static cold storage. Therefore, OCS is a safe and effective technique to enlarge the cardiac donor pool in both DBD and DCD, with additional benefits for long-distance transport and surgically complex procedures.
Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation and directed differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells
Authors: Xiao Li , Wang Maoyuan , Zou Kang , Li Zuoyong , Luo Jun 
Published: May 2022

Objective
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be transformed into neural stem cells (NSCs) and still maintain immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. Transplantation of NSCs induced by hUCMSCs would be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurological diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 has neuroprotective effects and influences cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we further evaluated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation and directional differentiation of hUCMSCs into NSCs.

Methods
The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the optimal dose of ginsenoside Rg1 with respect to hUCMSC proliferation and differentiation. NSCs were authenticated using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry and were quantified in each group. RT-PCR was used to screen the signaling pathway by which ginsenoside Rg1 promoted the differentiation of hUCMSCs into NSCs.

Results
The optimal dose of Rg1 to promote hUCMSC proliferation and differentiation to NSCs was 10 μmol/l. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence showed that induced NSCs expressed nestin and sex-determining region Y-box 2, with higher expression levels in the Rg1 group than that in the negative control group. RT-PCR showed that Rg1 downregulates the expression of genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways in the induction process.

Conclusion
Ginsenoside Rg1 not only promotes the proliferation and viability of hUCMSCs in the process of differentiation into NSCs but also improves the differentiation efficiency. This study provides a basis for the development of hUCMSC-derived NSCs for the treatment of nervous system diseases and for analyses of underlying biological mechanisms.