bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in patients with end‐stage liver disease above model for end‐stage liver disease 3.0 of 40
Authors: Kim W. Ray , Mannalithara Ajitha , Kwo Paul Y. , Bonham C. Andrew , Kwong Allison 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:
Since the implementation of the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score to determine waitlist priority for liver transplant (LT) in 2002, the score has been capped at 40. Recently, the MELD 3.0 score was proposed to improve upon MELD‐Na. Here, we examine waitlist mortality and LT outcomes in patients with MELD 3.0 ≥ 40 to assess the potential impact of uncapping the score.

Approach and Results:
Adult waitlist registrations for LT from January 2016 to December 2021 were identified in the registry data from the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network. All MELD 3.0 scores were calculated at registration and thereafter. Waitlist mortality for up to 30 days was calculated as well as post‐LT survival. There were 54,060 new waitlist registrations during the study period, of whom 2820 (5.2%) had MELD 3.0 ≥ 40 at listing. The 30‐day waitlist mortality was high in these patients, yet it increased further in proportion with MELD 3.0 up to a score of 55 with 30‐day mortality of 58.3% for MELD 3.0 of 40–44 and 82.4% for ≥50. The multivariable hazard ratio was 1.13 for each point of MELD 3.0, adjusting for several variables including acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. The number of LT recipients with MELD 40 at transplant increased from 155 in 2002 to 752 in 2021. Posttransplant survival was comparable across MELD strata including MELD of 35–39.

Conclusion:
MELD 3.0 scores beyond 40 are associated with increasing waitlist mortality without adversely affecting posttransplant outcome. Uncapping the MELD score in waitlist candidates may lead to greater survival benefit from LT.
Managing by values in healthcare: Development and validation of the health care values inventory measurement scale
Authors: Salas‐Vallina Andrés , Gil‐Bort Fernando , Fernandez‐Guerrero Rafael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to conceptualise and develop the Health Care Values Inventory (HEVAIN). For this purpose, we first explore key organizational values at different levels of the organisation. Then, we propose and validate a measurement scale based on the Triaxial system of values, which is represented by three axes, including ethical‐social values, practical values (economic‐pragmatic) and poietic (emotional).MethodsExploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to check the validity of the proposed measurement scale.ResultsUsing a sample of 535 employees from a semipublic healthcare organisation, the results showed that the HEVAIN measurement scale loaded satisfactorily onto three factors, and overcame the psychometric properties of dimensionality, reliability and validity.ConclusionThis research offers a new measurement scale to capture organizational values in healthcare organisations. This new tool provides both scholars and healthcare managers with an instrument to diagnose and manage organizational values, which gives key information to develop sustained competitive advantages.
Fine‐tuning the encapsulation of a photosensitizer in nanoparticles reveals the relationship between internal structure and phototherapeutic effects
Authors: Kubota Fumika , Satrialdi  , Takano Yuta , Maeki Masatoshi , Tokeshi Manabu , Harashima Hideyoshi , Yamada Yuma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer therapy that uses a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen molecules. Since singlet oxygen is highly reactive, it is important to deliver it to the target site. Thus, an efficient drug delivery system (DDS) is essential for enhancing the efficacy of such a treatment and protecting against the side effects of PDT. Here, we report on attempts to increase the therapeutic effect of PDT by using a DDS, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). We prepared a porphyrin analog, rTPA (PS) that was encapsulated in LNPs using a microfluidic device. The findings indicated that the internal structure of the prepared particles changed depending on the amount of rTPA in LNPs. The photoactivity and cell‐killing effect of PS in LNPs also changed when the amount of the cargo increased. These results suggest that the internal structure of LNPs is important factors that affect drug efficacy.
Prediabetes is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in older men, but not in older women: the Bunkyo Health Study
Authors: Kaga Hideyoshi , Tamura Yoshifumi , Someya Yuki , Naito Hitoshi , Tabata Hiroki , Kakehi Saori , Yamasaki Nozomu , Sato Motonori , Kadowaki Satoshi , Suzuki Ruriko , Sugimoto Daisuke , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is a major cause of disability in the elderly. Although type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for increased sarcopenia, the relationship between prediabetes and sarcopenia has not been elucidated. We aimed to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and prediabetes.MethodsThe design of this study is a cross‐sectional study. We evaluated glucose metabolism using the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and glycated haemoglobin, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and hand grip strength in 1629 older adults living in an urban area of Tokyo, Japan. We investigated the frequency of sarcopenia in participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes and diabetes. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between glucose tolerance and the prevalence of sarcopenia.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 73.1 ± 5.4 years. In men, 44.3% had NGT, 26.6% had prediabetes, and 29.1% had diabetes. In women, the distribution was 56.1%, 28.8% and 15.2%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 12.7% in men and 11.9% in women. Logistic regression revealed that prediabetes and diabetes are independent risk factors for sarcopenia in men (prediabetes, odds ratio [OR] = 2.081 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.031–4.199]; diabetes, OR = 2.614 [95% CI: 1.362–5.018]) and diabetes, but not prediabetes, is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia in women (prediabetes, OR = 1.036 [95% CI: 0.611–1.757]; diabetes, OR = 2.099 [95% CI: 1.146–3.844]). In both sexes, higher age (men, OR = 1.086 [95% CI: 1.028–1.146]; women, OR = 1.195 [95% CI: 1.142–1.251]), higher body fat percentage (men, OR = 1.346 [95% CI: 1.240–1.461]; women, OR = 1.218 [95% CI: 1.138–1.303]) and lower body mass index (men, OR = 0.371 [95% CI: 0.299–0.461]; women, OR = 0.498 [95% CI: 0.419–0.593]) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia.ConclusionsAlthough we confirmed that diabetes mellitus is associated with sarcopenia in both sexes, prediabetes is associated with sarcopenia in men, but not in women.
Light receptors in the avian brain and seasonal reproduction
Authors: Pérez Jonathan H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDetection and transduction of photic cues by nonvisual photoreceptors, located in the deep brain, is a critical component of timing seasonal reproduction in birds. However, the precise identity of the photoreceptors responsible for detection of salient photic cues remains uncertain and debated. Here I review of the existing evidence for each of the three candidate photoreceptive opsins: Vertebrate Ancient Opsin, Melanopsin, and Neuropsin, including localization, action spectrum, and data from experimental manipulation of opsin expression. These findings are compared to an updated list of key criteria established in the literature as a litmus for classifying an opsin as the “breeding photoreceptor.” Integrating evidence for each of the candidate photoreceptors with respect to these criteria reveals support for all three opsins in regulation of seasonal reproduction. Taken together these findings strongly suggest that transduction of seasonal photoperiodic information involves the activity of multiple photoreceptor types and populations functioning in concert. This review also highlights the need to shift attention from simply identifying “the breeding photoreceptor” to a more integrative approach aiming to parse the contribution of specific photoreceptor populations within the brain.
Structural design and insecticidal activity of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐ring containing pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides
Authors: Khallaf Abdalla , Wang Ping , Zhuo Shuping , Zhu Hongjun , Liu Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe insecticidal activity of 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐ring containing pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides against diamondback (Plutella xylostella) and noctuid (Spodoptera frugiperda) moths were evaluated. Only substitutions on the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety dictated bioreactivity, with 8q2 m‐CF3Ph being the most effective against Plutella xylostella, showing 80%–93% mortality at a concentration of 0.5–500 μg ml−1 while the others remained inactive or less active (highest mortality being 63%). The larvicidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda was inferior compared with that of Plutella xylostella, with the highest mortality being 33%. A crystal of 8q5 was obtained and analyzed, revealing the effects of intramolecular H‐bonds and intermolecular ππ interactions.
Kilogram synthesis of pinoxaden
Authors: Jiang Shun , Zhao Zhiwei , Yin Lingfeng , Wang Han , Mao Yongjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn optimized kilogram‐scale synthetic route for pinoxaden was successfully developed. The key intermediate dimethyl 2‐(2,6‐diethyl‐4‐methylphenyl)malonate (19) was prepared from 2,6‐diethyl‐4‐methylaniline through diazotization reaction, Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction, and alcoholysis reaction in 59% yield over three steps in 97.3% purity. 1,4,5‐Oxadiazepane dihydrobromide (11) was obtained from diethylene glycol through esterification, cyclization, deprotection, and salification in 64% yield over three steps. Pinoxaden was given by aminolysis of 19 with 11, followed by acylation by pivaloyl chloride in 64% yield over two steps in 99.9% purity. Purification methods for the intermediates and the final product were developed.
Becoming existential counselors: Co/autoethnography of students’ identity formation
Authors: Holliday Anna‐Sophie , Townley Elliot , Casado Pérez Javier F. , Roundtree Sarah M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present the co/autoethnography of two counselors‐in‐training (CIT) working to integrate existentialism into their emerging practice. Autoethnography examines unique insights from the iterative and reflexive processes that two CIT engaged with when establishing an existential counseling practice. We discuss these lived experiences in relation to existentialism, theoretical selection, and graduate student development.
Combining a stellate ganglion block with prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A nonrandomized clinical trial
Authors: Peterson Alan L. , Straud Casey L. , Young‐McCaughan Stacey , McCallin John P. , Hoch Matthew , Roux Napoleon P. , Koch Lauren , Lara‐Ruiz Jose , Roache John D. , Hein Jennifer M. , Blount Tabatha H. ,   for the STRONG STAR Consortium
Published: September 2022

AbstractProlonged exposure therapy (PE) is an efficacious treatment for active duty service members and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, PE is sometimes associated with high dropout rates, limited tolerability, and temporary symptom exacerbation during treatment. Stellate ganglion blocks (SGBs) are an emerging treatment that has the potential to enhance outcomes for PTSD when combined with trauma‐focused psychotherapy. To date, no study of which we are aware has examined the potential additive benefits of SGB injections when administered in conjunction with trauma‐focused behavioral treatment for PTSD. Thus, we conducted a nonrandomized clinical trial to evaluate the use of an SGB combined with massed PE therapy for combat‐related PTSD. Participants (N = 12) were treated with 10 daily 90‐min PE sessions delivered over 2 weeks and received a single SGB injection between Sessions 1 and 2. PE sessions lasted 90 min each. Participants reported a mean posttreatment PTSD symptom reduction of 32 points on the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), Hedges’ gs = 1.28–2.80. Most participants (90.9%) demonstrated clinically significant change on the PCL‐5 (i.e., ≥10 points) by the final treatment session and 50.0% no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD per the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 at 1‐month follow‐up. Adverse events for the combined treatment were consistent with those previously reported for standalone SGB and PE. This combined treatment approach provides promising results for improving the tolerability of trauma‐focused therapies, reducing symptom severity, and increasing PTSD remission rates.
Opioid Prescribing Trends After Major Pediatric Ear Surgery: A 12‐Year Analysis
Authors: Cordray Holly , Galvin John , Clark Addison , Alfonso Kristan , Prickett Kara K. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivePostoperative opioid prescriptions tend to exceed children's analgesic needs, but awareness of the opioid epidemic may have driven changes in prescribing behaviors. This study evaluated opioid prescribing patterns after major pediatric ear surgery.MethodsThis study reviewed all cases of tympanoplasty, tympanomastoidectomy, mastoidectomy, cochlear implantation, otoplasty, and aural atresia repair at a pediatric hospital during 2010–2021. Regressions were conducted to identify opioid prescribing trends over time. Potential covariates were assessed. Returns to the system were reviewed as a balancing measure.ResultsEven without a targeted protocol, opioid prescribing declined significantly. After prescribing peaked in 2012–2013, significant negative trends yielded lower rates of opioid prescriptions, fewer doses per prescription, smaller patient‐weight‐standardized dose sizes, and less variability (all p < 0.001). In 2012, 96.1% of patients received opioid prescriptions; the rate fell to 13.5% by 2021. For patients ages, 0–6, the annual rate of opioid prescriptions dropped from a maximum of 96.3% in 2012 to 0.0% in 2021. The annual average supply of doses per prescription decreased by 68% between 2013 and 2021, reducing the total days' supply to an evidence‐based 3.1 ± 1.6 days. Regressions did not detect changes in returns to the system. Pain‐related returns were rare (0.9%) and did not vary by opioid prescriptions (p = 0.37). Prescribing trends were closely correlated with a tonsillectomy‐focused protocol that our institution implemented in 2019.ConclusionSurgeon‐driven opioid stewardship has improved with no resultant change in revisit rates. Procedure‐specific quality improvement interventions may have broader off‐target effects on prescribing behaviors.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 133:1987–1992, 2023
Promoting scholarship in improvement science: A model for academic clinical departments
Authors: DeVoe Stephen G. , Kennedy Amanda G. , Tompkins Bradley J. , Hitt Juvena R. , Gagnon Eric L. , Parsons Polly E. , Repp Allen B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionClinical departments at academic medical centers strive to deliver clinical care, provide education and training, support faculty development, and promote scholarship. These departments have experienced increasing demands to improve the quality, safety, and value of care delivery. However, many academic departments lack a sufficient number of clinical faculty members with expertise in improvement science to lead initiatives, teach, and generate scholarship. In this article, we describe the structure, activities, and early outcomes of a program within an academic department of medicine to promote scholarly improvement work.MethodsThe Department of Medicine at the University of Vermont Medical Center launched a Quality Program with three primary goals: (a) improve care delivery, (b) provide education and training, and (c) promote scholarship in improvement science. The program serves as a resource center for students, trainees and faculty, offering education and training, analytic support, consultation in design and methodology, and project management. It strives to integrate education, research, and care delivery to learn, apply evidence and improve health care.ResultsOver the first 3 years of full implementation, the Quality Program supported an average of 123 projects annually, including prospective clinical quality improvement initiatives, retrospective assessment of clinical programs and practices, and curriculum development and evaluation. The projects have yielded a total of 127 scholarly products, defined as peer‐reviewed publications and abstracts, posters, and oral presentations at local, regional, and national conferences.ConclusionsThe Quality Program may serve as a practical model for promoting care delivery improvement, training, and scholarship in improvement science while advancing the goals of a learning health system at the level of an academic clinical department. Dedicated resources within such departments offer the potential to enhance care delivery while promoting academic success for faculty and trainees in improvement science.
Identifying patients with EVEN‐plus syndrome using exome sequencing and clinical feature analysis: A case report
Authors: Li Hua‐Wei , Ma Bing‐Xiang , Kong Ya‐Min , Zheng Hong , Zhang Xue‐Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe EVEN‐plus syndrome (epiphyseal–vertebral–ear–nose dysplasia plus associated findings) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive inherited disease characterised by specific facial features and skeletal dysplasia. It has a prenatal onset due to defects in the HSPA9 gene. The syndrome has not been reported previously in China.MethodsThis study reported the characteristics, examination results, diagnosis and treatment of a female case aged 3 years and 3 months.ResultsThe patient had global developmental delay and specific facial features, including a prominent forehead, a bilateral auricle deformity, a collapsed nose, a high palatine arch, a short neck and other appearance abnormalities. Her hip joint magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results showed bilateral femoral head epiphyseal dysplasia with a fork‐shaped malformation at the distal end, and her brain MRI showed white matter myelin dysplasia. HSPA9 compound heterozygous variants c.882_c.883delAG and c.613A>G were identified by exome sequencing.ConclusionsThis finding expands the spectra of EVEN‐plus syndrome phenotype and pathogenic variants and suggests that c.882_c.883delAG may have a higher distribution frequency in East Asian populations.
Preparation of bio‐degradable polyurethane based on poly(1,3‐propylene 3,6,9‐trioxaundecanedioate) glycol
Authors: Guo Shengtong , Zhu Yun , Mei Qiyong , Wang Guiyou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe bio‐based poly(1,3‐propylene 3,6,9‐trioxaundecanedioate) glycol (PPTR) was prepared by the reaction between bio‐based 1,3‐propanediol (bio‐PDO) and 3,6,9‐trioxaundecanedioic acid. The as‐synthesized PPTR combined with bio‐PDO was reacted with 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate to get a bio‐based polyurethane material (PPTR‐PU). The PPTR‐PU film has high tensile strength (17.9 MPa) and toughness (93.7 MJ/m3), and it can be degraded very fast under the existence of HCl and NaOH. The mass loss is 47.8% and 68.4% after 24 h of the degradation in HCl (pH 1) and NaOH (pH 13) solution, respectively. The porcine pancreatic lipase can accelerate the hydrolysis of the film under the physiological environment, leading to an approximately 50% mass loss after 20 d of the enzymatic degradation. The results from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, DSC, gel permeation chromatography, and FTIR measurements reveal that the PPTR‐PU chains are degraded due to the hydrolysis of ester groups in the PPTR soft segments, leading to the decrease of molecular weights and the increasing degree of hydrogen bonding. The research highlights how to design and prepare the polyurethane material with fast degradable property from bio‐based resources.
Microscale investigation on the carbon fiber surface physical properties and interfacial behavior of carbon fiber/polypropylene composites fabricated by self‐resistance electric heating technique
Authors: Tang Huaping , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Muhan , Zhai Zhanyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the interfacial bonding properties of carbon fiber/polypropylene (CF/PP) composites fabricated by self‐resistance electric (SRE) heating technique was investigated by both experimental trials and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The temperature distribution and the changes in surface physical properties of CFs with SRE heating were firstly determined by experimental investigations. The experimental results suggest that the amount of grooves on CFs surface is positively related to electric current magnitude, while the height of grooves is negatively associated to electric current magnitude. The microbond test was carried out to determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of CF/PP composites. It demonstrates that the IFSS increases from 31.00 to 39.11 MPa when CFs is applied with electric current from 12 A to 20 A, which is same with the trend of the surface area of CF. Moreover, the mechanisms of interfacial adhesion enhanced by surface morphology of CF were investigated by MD simulations. CF models with different surface morphology were constructed based on the experimental results. It is found that the increase of the contact area between CF atoms and PP atoms benefits the interfacial adhesion. Meanwhile, the gradual loss of the ability of matrix impregnation accompanies with the strengthening of interfacial interaction, leading to a weak increase in the shear strength between CF and matrix.
A new black to highly transmissive switching bilayer polymer composite films with electroactive pEA as a color buffer layer for improving electrochromic stability
Authors: Ouyang Mi , Zhang Lina , Li Yuwen , Chen Lu , Tao Bowen , Li Weijun , Lv Xiaojing , Bai Ru , Zhou Hengzhi , Nekrasov Alexander , Zhang Cheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo reported D‐A‐D monomers based on 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) were selected for electrochemical copolymerization to obtain copolymer film, named pRG. Then, a soluble polymer poly[3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene‐alt‐3,4‐bis([2‐ethylhexyl]oxy)thiophene] (pEA) based on the EDOT derivative was screened out, which is complementary to the absorption trough of the pRG film in visible region and matched with its working potential. The bilayer composite film pRG/pEA was obtained by spinning pEA basement membrane on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass surface, and then in situ electrochemical polymerization of pRG film. Compared to the pRG monolayer film, the bilayer composite film shows a more saturated black color in the neutral state and significant improvement on cyclic stability (only decreased by 1.7% after 250 cycles, while pRG film decreased by 17.1%). The introduction of pEA buffer layer not only achieves the full spectral absorption of the composite film in the visible region, but also significantly improves the cyclic stability of the bilayer composite film. The assembled EC prototype device based on the pRG/pEA composite film exhibits a “black to high transmission” reversible switch. Finally, this method combining electrochemical copolymerization, spin‐coating, lamination and other methods provides a new research idea for designing and preparing black to transmissive electrochromic materials.