bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonist of Chrna1 prevents the pathogenesis of primary focal hyperhidrosis
Authors: Lin Jian‐Bo , Lin Nan‐Long , Li Xu , Kang Ming‐Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrimary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) is an autonomic neurological disease in which exocrine glands are oversecreted due to autonomic dysfunction of the sympathetic nervous system. Chrna1 promotes the pathogenesis of PFH. We aimed to check if downregulating of Chrna1 by cisatracurium could alleviate the symptoms of PFH.MethodsThe effect of cisatracurium in a hyperhidrosis mice model induced by pilocarpine hydrochloride was monitored for sweat gland secretion, and ultrastructural sweat secretory granules in sweat glands were analyzed. Meanwhile, markers of hyperhidrosis were checked, and release of Bdnf and Nrg1 from sympathetic ganglia axon was tested. Furthermore, the mechanism of cisatracurium function was evaluated in vitro using HEK293 expressing Chrna1. Finally, the effect of cisatracurium was determined in the hyperhidrosis mice model with overexpression or downregulation of Chrna1.ResultsIn hyperhidrosis mice, pretreatment with cisatracurium effectively inhibited sweat secretion, along with fewer particle secretion in sweat glands. The molecular markers of hyperhidrosis (Aqp5 and Cacna1c) were inhibited by cisatracurium, acetylcholine (Ach) level in serum was found decreased. Neurotrophic factors (Bdnf and Nrg1) secreted by sympathetic axon activation were also inhibited. At last, it was confirmed that cisatracurium could not alter the gene or protein expression level of Chrna1, but could block the ion channel. Overexpression of Chrna1 abolished the effect of cisatracurium on hyperhidrosis, while cisatracurium could not function more in siChrna1‐treated mice.ConclusionOur results suggested that pretreatment of cisatracurium could alleviate hyperhidrosis in mice, probably through blocking the ion channel function of Chrna1.
Ultra‐Thin Infrared Optical Gain Medium and Optically‐Pumped Stimulated Emission in PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot LEDs
Authors: Taghipour Nima , Tanriover Ibrahim , Dalmases Mariona , Whitworth Guy L. , Graham Christina , Saha Avijit , Özdemir Onur , Kundu Biswajit , Pruneri Valerio , Aydin Koray , Konstantatos Gerasimos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractColloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can be considered a promising material platform for solution‐processed laser diodes. However, due to some fundamental challenges, the realization of electrically pumped lasing based on QDs remains unresolved. Here, a binary blend of QDs and ZnO nanocrystals is employed, which serve as nano‐sized scatterers to facilitate waveguide gain in ultra‐thin films. By carefully engineering the electric field in these films, an infrared amplified spontaneous emission in a record thin colloidal gain medium is observed, with a thickness of 16 nm, at a wavelength of 1675 nm. Employing these binary blends as a gain medium, an optically pumped infrared stimulated emission in a full‐stacked light‐emitting diode (LED) device is demonstrated. The functional LED device, which comprises a single layer of graphene as an anode electrode, shows strong electroluminescence under electrical injection. This study suggests a promising device for realizing infrared QD‐based laser diodes.
Ultralow‐Power and Multisensory Artificial Synapse Based on Electrolyte‐Gated Vertical Organic Transistors
Authors: Liu Guocai , Li Qingyuan , Shi Wei , Liu Yanwei , Liu Kai , Yang Xueli , Shao Mingchao , Guo Ankang , Huang Xin , Zhang Fan , Zhao Zhiyuan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBioinspired electronics have shown great potential in the field of artificial intelligence and brain‐like science. Low energy consumption and multifunction are key factors for its application. Here, multisensory artificial synapse and neural networks based on electrolyte‐gated vertical organic field‐effect transistors (VOFETs) are first developed. The channel length of the organic transistor is scaled down to 30 nm through cross‐linking strategy. Owing to the short channel length and extremely large capacitance of the electric double layer formed at the electrolyte–channel interface, the minimum power consumption of one synaptic event is 0.06 fJ, which is significantly lower than that required by biological synapses (1–10 fJ). Moreover, the artificial synapse can be trained to learn and memory images in a 5 × 5 synapse array and emulate the human brain's spatiotemporal information processing and sound azimuth detection. Finally, the artificial tongue is designed using the synaptic transistor that can discriminate acidity. Overall, this study provides new insights into realizing energy‐efficient artificial synapses and mimicking biological sensory systems.
Novel Superaerophobic Anode with Fern‐Shaped Pd Nanoarray for High‐Performance Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Yang Yang , Zhu Xun , Zhang Tong , Ye Ding‐ding , Chen Rong , Liao Qiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDirect formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) possess the advantages of high power density and theoretical cell potential. Exploring robust catalysts for electrochemical formic acid electro‐oxidation (FAO) is greatly essential for the wide spread uptake of DFAFCs. However, many electrodes with attractive catalysts suffer limited mass transport due to sluggish CO2 bubble growth and departure steps on its surface. In this study, a superaerophobic electrode is developed by depositing fern‐shaped palladium nanostructured arrays on the carbon paper (Pd‐nanoarray@CP). Its unique superaerophobic feature successfully facilitates the CO2 bubble releasing from the catalyst surface in a significantly small size. With the merits of specific nanoarray morphology, superior under water superaerophobicity, and rapid gas bubble release, the Pd‐nanoarray@CP shows fast charge/mass transport rate, high electrocatalytic activity, and great stability for FAO. A direct formic acid fuel cell equipped with the Pd‐nanoarray@CP anode is successfully fabricated on a microfluidic platform. A peak power density of 35.8 mW cm−2 and limiting current density of 173.3 mA cm−2 are obtained, respectively, which are 49.2% and 33.0% higher than that of conventional Pd‐black anodes. The electrode with superaerophobic interface allows deeper insight into the mechanism of FAO efficiency and holds promise for possible applications of commercially viable DFAFCs.
Tunable Domain Switching Features of Incommensurate Antiferroelectric Ceramics Realizing Excellent Energy Storage Properties
Authors: Ge Guanglong , Shi Cheng , Chen Chukai , Shi Yunjing , Yan Fei , Bai Hairui , Yang Jing , Lin Jinfeng , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn incommensurate modulated antiferroelectric phase is a key part of ideal candidate materials for the next generation of dielectric ceramics with excellent energy storage properties. However, there is less research carried out when considering its relatively low polarization response. Here, the incommensurate phase is modulated by stabilizing the antiferroelectric phase and the energy storage performance of the incommensurate phase under ultrahigh electric field is studied. The tape‐casting method is applied to construct dense and thin ceramics. La3+ doping induces a room‐temperature incommensurate antiferroelectric orthorhombic matrix. With little Cd2+, the extremely superior energy storage performances arose as follows: when 0.03, the recoverable energy storage density reaches ≈19.3 J cm‐3, accompanying an ultrahigh energy storage efficiency of ≈91% (870 kV cm‐1); also, a giant discharge energy density of ≈15.4 J cm‐3 emerges during actual operation. In situ observations demonstrate that these superior energy storage properties originate from the phase transition from the incommensurate antiferroelectric orthorhombic phase to the induced rhombohedral relaxor ferroelectric one. The adjustable incommensurate period affects the depolarization response. The revealed phase‐transition mechanism enriches the existing antiferroelectric–ferroelectric transition. Attention to the incommensurate phase can provide a reference for the selection of the next generation of high‐performance antiferroelectric materials.
Additive‐Free Ultrastable Hydrated Vanadium Oxide Sol/Carbon Nanotube Ink for Durable and High‐Power Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Jin Hongrun , Li Fen , Gao Jiasong , Liu Kaisi , Luo Yongxin , Zhou He , Yao Bin , Duan Jiangjiang , Hu Bin , Huang Liang , Zhou Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) based on near‐neutral electrolytes represent a promising large‐scale energy storage solution for a deeper and broader penetration of clean renewable energy. The preparation of electrode paste is vital for the normal performance and stability of ZIBs. Herein, the authors report an additive‐free V2O5·1.6H2O (h‐V2O5)/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid ink to prepare large‐scale free‐standing h‐V2O5/CNT film for high‐rate and durable ZIBs. The as‐prepared h‐V2O5/CNT film exhibits a high specific capacity of 446.4 mA h g−1 (volumetric capacity of 839.2 mA h cm−3) at 0.2 A g−1 when used as cathode for ZIBs. It retains considerable capacities of 202.3 and 139.0 mA h g−1 even at high current densities of 20 and 50 A g−1, respectively, exhibiting ultrahigh rate capability. The assembled cell also displays outstanding long‐term cycling stability with a remarkable capacity of 309.7 mA h g−1 even after 3500 cycles at 10 A g−1. More importantly, this h‐V2O5 sol can serve as a general “surfactant” to disperse a variety of nanomaterials in water. This work proposes a facile strategy to prepare additive‐free paste for conductive electrode, which holds great potential for a broad range of applications.
High‐Resolution X‐Ray Time‐Lapse Imaging from Fluoride Nanocrystals Embedded in Glass Matrix
Authors: Tang Haitao , Liu Sibo , Fang Zhaohui , Yang Ze , Cui Zhenzhen , Lv Hongyu , Zhang Peng , Wang Dawei , Zhao Feng , Qiu Jianbei , Yu Xue , Xu Xuhui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA latent image of the target after the X‐ray irradiation induced via a 980 nm laser or thermal excitation provides great potentials for healthcare diagnostics and nondestructive inspection. Taking the advantage of X‐ray time‐lapse imaging, simplified facilities and visualized information can be achieved. However, information acquisition with higher resolution, combined with long‐term storage for the corresponding X‐ray images remains a challenge. Herein, Tb3+‐doped Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals (NCs) grown in situ and dispersed uniformly in an amorphous glass matrix is explored, which performs a fascinating X‐ray response for imaging with an impressive spatial resolution reaching 20.0 lp mm−1. Moreover, the as‐developed corresponding scintillators exhibit excellent optical storage capability upon X‐ray irradiation for the constructed deep traps, and a controllable release of the captured carriers induced by thermal disturbance, and 980 nm laser stimulation can be achieved. Notably, the imaging resolution is well preserved to be 20.0 lp mm−1 even recorded after 10 days. The as‐explored Ba2LaF7:Tb3+ NCs embedded within an amorphous matrix realize a feasible approach for a simplified X‐ray imaging system with high‐resolution information production.
Highly Loaded Independent Pt0 Atoms on Graphdiyne for pH‐General Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Hui Lan , Xue Yurui , Xing Chengyu , Liu Yuxin , Du Yuncheng , Fang Yan , Yu Huidi , Huang Bolong , Li Yuliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe emergence of platinum‐based catalysts promotes efficient methanol oxidation reactions (MOR). However, the defects of such noble metal catalysts are high cost, easy poisoning, and limited commercial applications. The efficient utilization of a low‐cost, anti‐poisoning catalyst has been expected. Here, it is skillfully used N‐doped graphdiyne (NGDY) to prepare a zero‐valent platinum atomic catalyst (Pt/NGDY), which shows excellent activity, high pH adaptability, and high CO tolerance for MOR. The Pt/NGDY electrocatalysts for MOR with specific activity 154.2 mA cm−2 (1449.3 mA mgPt−1), 29 mA cm−2 (296 mA mgPt−1) and 22 mA cm−2 (110 mA mgPt−1) in alkaline, acid, and neutral solutions. The specific activity of Pt/NGDY is 9 times larger than Pt/C in alkaline solution. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the incorporation of electronegativity nitrogen atoms can increase the high coverage of Pt to achieve a unique atomic state, in which the shared contributions of different Pt sites reach the balance between the electroactivity and the stability to guarantee the higher performance of MOR and durability with superior anti‐poisoning effect.
Virus Detection: From State‐of‐the‐Art Laboratories to Smartphone‐Based Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Xiao Meng , Tian Feng , Liu Xin , Zhou Qiaoqiao , Pan Jiangfei , Luo Zhaofan , Yang Mo , Yi Changqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfectious virus outbreaks pose a significant challenge to public healthcare systems. Early and accurate virus diagnosis is critical to prevent the spread of the virus, especially when no specific vaccine or effective medicine is available. In clinics, the most commonly used viral detection methods are molecular techniques that involve the measurement of nucleic acids or proteins biomarkers. However, most clinic‐based methods require complex infrastructure and expensive equipment, which are not suitable for low‐resource settings. Over the past years, smartphone‐based point‐of‐care testing (POCT) has rapidly emerged as a potential alternative to laboratory‐based clinical diagnosis. This review summarizes the latest development of virus detection. First, laboratory‐based and POCT‐based viral diagnostic techniques are compared, both of which rely on immunosensing and nucleic acid detection. Then, various smartphone‐based POCT diagnostic techniques, including optical biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, and other types of biosensors are discussed. Moreover, this review covers the development of smartphone‐based POCT diagnostics for various viruses including COVID‐19, Ebola, influenza, Zika, HIV, et al. Finally, the prospects and challenges of smartphone‐based POCT diagnostics are discussed. It is believed that this review will aid researchers better understand the current challenges and prospects for achieving the ultimate goal of containing disease‐causing viruses worldwide.
Closo‐Borate Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Remarkable Electrochemical Stability and a Wide Operating Temperature Window
Authors: Green Matthew , Kaydanik Katty , Orozco Miguel , Hanna Lauren , Marple Maxwell A. T. , Fessler Kimberly Alicia Strange , Jones Willis B. , Stavila Vitalie , Ward Patrick A. , Teprovich Joseph A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA major challenge in the pursuit of higher‐energy‐density lithium batteries for carbon‐neutral‐mobility is electrolyte compatibility with a lithium metal electrode. This study demonstrates the robust and stable nature of a closo‐borate based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), which enables outstanding electrochemical stability and capacity retention upon extensive cycling. The GPE developed herein has an ionic conductivity of 7.3 × 10−4 S cm−2 at room temperature and stability over a wide temperature range from −35 to 80 °C with a high lithium transference number ( = 0.51). Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared are used to understand the solvation environment and interaction between the GPE components. Density functional theory calculations are leveraged to gain additional insight into the coordination environment and support spectroscopic interpretations. The GPE is also established to be a suitable electrolyte for extended cycling with four different active electrode materials when paired with a lithium metal electrode. The GPE can also be incorporated into a flexible battery that is capable of being cut and still functional. The incorporation of a closo‐borate into a gel polymer matrix represents a new direction for enhancing the electrochemical and physical properties of this class of materials.
Electrochemical Activation, Sintering, and Reconstruction in Energy‐Storage Technologies: Origin, Development, and Prospects
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Lu Junlin , Pei Cunyuan , Ni Shibing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough there has been significant progress in designing electrode materials and exploring the electrochemical reaction mechanisms in battery systems, the morphological, structural, and compositional evolution of electrode materials during charge/discharge processes remain poorly understood. This review focuses on the morphological evolution of electrode materials during cycling. First, electrode design in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), pointing out the inevitable morphological variations in the electrode during cycling, is discussed. To describe such variations, the origins of electrochemical activation, sintering, and reconstruction in LIBs are introduced. Their development, providing a profound interpretation of the morphological evolution and associated performance, in situ characterization of the reconstruction process, and advanced means for self‐adaptive reconstruction, is summarized. Subsequently, electrode materials and energy‐storage devices applicable to these concepts are introduced. Finally, current research challenges, e.g., deficiencies in the available research methods, limited information available on electrochemical reconstruction, and lack of precise control over electrochemical reconstruction, are discussed. Furthermore, the most likely areas where further breakthroughs in electrochemical reconstruction may be achieved are discussed. This review is expected to promote research interest in studies on the morphological, structural, and compositional variations in electrode materials and expand the connection between electrochemical activation, sintering, and reconstruction, facilitating the development of energy‐storage devices.
Evaporated Undoped Spiro‐OMeTAD Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 20% Efficiency
Authors: Du Guozheng , Yang Li , Zhang Cuiping , Zhang Xiaoli , Rolston Nicholas , Luo Zhide , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThermal evaporation (TE) as a scalable and low‐cost technique for fabrication of organic hole transport materials (HTMs) typically produces low photovoltaic performance and poor device reproducibility in the application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and there is a clear need to understand the weaknesses of TE. Here, a versatile manufacturing technology, solvent‐annealing assisted thermal evaporation (SATE), enabling effective modulation of organic film morphology as well as optoelectronic properties, is introduced. The SATE method produces undoped spiro‐OMeTAD layers with high density, good film homogeneity, enhanced conductivity, and remarkable film stability, all of which are superior to that made by conventional TE. In addition, SATE films eliminate the dopant induced degradation mechanism and simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity of undoped HTMs. Significantly, the resulting devices yield a 36% enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 14.68% (TE) to 20.02% (SATE), which is the highest reported PCE for evaporated HTMs in n–i–p PSCs. Moreover, unencapsulated PSC devices with SATE demonstrate an impressive environmental and thermal stability by maintaining 85% of initial performance after 2500 h in air with 30% humidity. The high efficiency with simultaneously improved stability demonstrates SATE can be generally applicable to controllable fabrication of organic thin film and reliable devices.
Lattice‐Matching Formed Mesoporous Transition Metal Oxide Heterostructures Advance Water Splitting by Active Fe–O–Cu Bridges
Authors: Hu Feng , Yu Deshuang , Ye Min , Wang Hui , Hao Yanan , Wang Luqi , Li Linlin , Han Xiaopeng , Peng Shengjie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts toward oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions is crucial for electrochemical water splitting toward hydrogen production. The high‐performance electrocatalysts depend on the catalytically active and highly accessible reaction sites and their structural robustness, while the rational design of such electrocatalysts with desired features avoiding tedious manufacture is still challenging. Here, a facile method is reported to synthesize mesoporous and heterostructured transition metal oxides strongly anchored on a nickel skeleton (MH‐TMO) containing identified Fe–Cu oxide interfaces with high intrinsic activity, easy accessibility for reaction intermediates, and long‐term stability for alkaline oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions. The MH‐TMO with the electrocatalytically active Fe–O–Cu bridge has an optimal oxygen binding energy to facilitate adsorption/desorption of oxygen intermediates for oxygen molecules. Associated with the high mass transport through the nanoporous structure, MH‐TMO exhibits impressive oxygen evolution reaction catalysis, with an extremely low overpotential of around 0.22 V at 10 mA cm−2 and low Tafel slope (44.5 mV dec−1) in 1.0 M KOH, realizing a current density of 100 mA cm−2 with an overpotential as low as 0.26 V. As a result, the alkaline electrolyzer assembled by the bifunctional MH‐TMO catalysts operates with an outstanding overall water‐splitting output (1.49 V@10 mA cm−2), outperforming one assembled with noble‐metal‐based catalysts.
A Sustainable Multipurpose Separator Directed Against the Shuttle Effect of Polysulfides for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Wei , Xi Kai , Li Bowen , Li Haojie , Liu Sheng , Wang Jianan , Zhao Hongyang , Li Huanglong , Abdelkader Amor M. , Gao Xueping , Li Guoran 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe success of lithium–sulfur batteries will reduce the expected Co, Ni resource challenges from the wide adoption of lithium‐ion batteries. Unfortunately, the shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides brings many problems. Anchoring or blocking polysulfides on the cathode side using functional separators is the dominant strategy for addressing this. However, the blocked polysulfides gradually aggregate on the separator to form the so‐called “dead sulfur” and withdraw from cycling. Herein, a multipurpose separator is proposed that enables catalytic activation of the blocked polysulfides to prevent the formation of “dead sulfur”, and contribute to capacity. The multifunctionality is supported by montmorillonite (MMT) that provides sufficient channels for lithium‐ion transport, and selenium‐doped sulfurized‐polyacrylonitrile (Se0.06SPAN) that catalyzes conversion of “dead sulfur” and simultaneously contributes capacity. The theoretical calculations reveal Se0.06SPAN/MMT has a low migration barrier for Li+ and a low decomposition barrier for Li2S, facilitating the conversion and minimizing “dead sulfur”. Consequently, the Li–S battery with the Se0.06SPAN/MMT@PP (polypropylene) separator shows a low fading rate of 0.034% during 1000 cycles and achieves a super‐high areal capacity (33.07 mAh cm–2) under high sulfur loading (26.75 mg cm–2) and lean electrolyte conditions (4.5 µL mg–1). Moreover, the multipurpose separator has encouraging performance in stability, flexibility, and sustainability.