bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1984
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the Milton Hershey School farm (field Dairy 29) at Hershey, PA. 40 X 40-ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 2 untreated checks in each ol the 4 replications. Potato leafliopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15-in. diameter sweep net. Leafliopper density was evaluated 1 day before the stubble spray on 19 Jul, 6 days after the stubble spray, just before spraying on 25 Jul, then weekly until 21 days after the 25 Jul spraying. Sprays were applied in 20 gal water per acre at 50 psi with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20-ft boom, with 80° flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was determined from two 129 ft2 swathes taken from each plot 1 day after the last sampling date.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky, 1984
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 4-year-old stand of ‘Gladiator’ variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Sprays were mixed so as to apply the proper rates in 20 gal of total volume per acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume Halm field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larvae were determined 2, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch diam beating net. The treatments were applied 9 May ’84. Treatment means, expressed as larvae per 10 sweeps on the sampling date indicated, were separated by use of Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. A standard treatment of Furadan 4F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre.
Alfalfa Insect Control, Weld County, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Weissling Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The field was a first-year stand of a Pioneer alfalfa variety, planted on a sandy loam. Plots were 15 ft x 15 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.5 gpa at 30 psi with 4 nozzles (8003) mounted on a 6 ft boom. Treatments were applied on 23 May ’84, approximately 2 wk before the first cutting.
Alfalfa Weevil and Pea Aphid Control in Louisiana, 1984
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron S. , Wilson Howard K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a 1-year-old stand of alfalfa near Bunkie, LA. Treatments were applied during the vegetative growth stage when alfalfa was ca. 38 cm tall. Plots, 4.6 by 9.1 m, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were made on 25 Mar between 9:40 AM and 11:15 AM. Sprays were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to 23.3 gpa and 23 psi, using 11004 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1-m boom. Air and spray water temperatures during treatment were ca. 14°C and 21°C, respectively. Samples were obtained by taking 10 pendulum-sweeps with a 38-cm diam sweep-net on each sampling date. Sample dates were pretreatment and 3, 7 and 14 days posttreatment. Each sample was bagged and frozen for later separation and counting.
Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control, West Virginia, 1984
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 10 May using a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer with a boom length of 20 ft. Spray delivery rate was 25 gal/acre at 20 lb/sq inch. Plant height averaged 14 inches. Plots were 22 x 50 ft with 3 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Sampling consisted of one, 10-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-inch diam sweep-net swung in a 180° arc. Samples were collected weekly for 3 wk and mean values compared by ANOVA. Accumulative precipitation for 1, 2 and 3 wk posttreatment was 0.98, 1.04 and 4.32 inches, respectively. Furadan 4F at 0,5 lb (AI)/acre was applied as a standard for comparison.
Field Corn, Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Control, 1984
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted at the PA Agricultural Experiment Station Farm at Rock Springs, Centre Co, and on the Yahner Farm, Cambria Co and the Lewis Farm in Erie Co. The test fields had been in continuous corn for 3 or more years. Corn was planted on 24 May (Doebler’s 58x), 5 Jun (Funk’s 4252) and 25 May (Pioneer 3901) at the 3 locations respectively. Mixed populations of the 2 rootworm species were present at each location. Western corn rootworms were least abundant at the Centre Co site. All treatments were planted with no-till planters. Row spacings were 30 inches at Centre and Erie Counties and 38 inches at Cambria Co. Insecticides were applied to 15 x 90-ft plots in Centre Co, 5 x 90-ft plots in Erie Co and 6.3 x 100-ft plots in Cambria Co in randomized complete block design with untreated checks in 4 replications. Seven insecticide-rate combinations were applied using either in-furrow or the banded method of application. Stand germination counts were made and then all rows were thinned at each site to a standard density. The sites were not comparable in density. The treatments were evaluated for root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1-6 system on 24 Jul, 2 Aug and 1 Aug at the Centre Co, Erie Co and Cambria Co sites, respectively. Stalks were also examined for other insect pests, none of which were prevalent during crop development. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting 2 rows of each plot for shelled corn.
Field Corn, Stalk Borer Control, 1984
Authors: Levine Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of foliar and seed applied insecticides to control an artificial infestation of stalk borer larvae was conducted in a fall plowed, spring disked field in Champaign, IL. Corn (B73 x M017) was planted in 30-inch rows on 14 May. Each insecticide treatment consisted of 4 by 30-ft rows arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications per treatment. Seed treated with UC 80502 was planted at the same time the remainder of the plot was planted. Forty plants in each treatment (10 consecutive plants in either of the center 2 rows of each treatment by four reps) were artificially infested by placing a single larva (ca. 0.5-0.75-inch long) in the whorl of each plant on the evening of 4 Jim, when plants were in the 3-leal stage. The lobar insecticides were applied to all 4 rows of each treatment the next morning, just as larvae were beginning to tunnel into the plants. Pydrin 2.4E was applied directly over the plant whorls with a CO2 sprayer equipped with a 1 nozzle wand (8003 even flat-fan nozzle, 4.6 ft/s, 20 psi, 10 gal of water/acre based on a row width of 40 inches). Pennwalt TD2128 granules were applied directly over the plant whorls in a 7-inch band with a Noble metering unit attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator. All seedlings within each treatment were assessed for stalk borer damage (wilting and/or feeding) daily until 14 Jin.
First Generation European Corn Borer, Hand Plots, Wray, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were two 50-foot rows separated by a single buffer row. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Liquid treatments were applied on 7 Jul with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 22 gal/acre through 2 nozzles on a 30 inch boom. Granular treatments were applied through a hand-held 7 inch spreader. Treatments were evaluated on 26 Jul by dissecting 10 plants/plot and counting live larvae. The field was center pivot irrigated.
First Generation European Corn Borer, Aerial Control, Yuma, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were three 50-ft swaths for the 15G formulations and three 40-ft swaths for the 20G formulations. Treatments were applied to pre-tassel corn on 4 Jul with an Ag Husky 43-ft wingspan aircraft fitted with a Transland ‘Slimline’ granule spreader with a Duke 4301 metering system. Flying speed was 110 mph. 35% of the plants were infested at the time of the application. Treatments were evaluated by dissecting 4 sets of 10 plants and recording the number of live larvae per plant. The crop was treated at planting time with Thimet 20G to control western corn rootworms.
First Generation European Corn Borer, Cultivation Treatments, Wray, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were two 100-ft rows arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times in a center pivot corn field. Treatments were applied on 30 Jun ’84 to 36-44 inch corn with an 8-row KMC rolling cultivator fitted with electric Noble granule meters and 4 inch spreaders. Treatments were evaluated on 26 Jul ’84 by dissecting 8 plants/ plot and counting live larvae.
Western Corn Rootworm Cultivation Treatments, Akron, Co, 1984
Authors: Pilcher Stanley D. , Peairs Frank B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were 2 rows across the field and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 13 Jun with a tractor-mounted electric Gandy applicator with 7 inch spreaders, followed by a KMC rolling cultivator. The crop was ca. 10 inches tall at application time. The field was center-pivot irrigated and had been planted to field corn since 1978. Soil type was a Platner sandy loam. Treatments were evaluated on 18 Jul by digging 6 plants/plot and evaluating the roots on the Iowa 1-6 scale.
In-Whorl Treatments for Fall Armyworm Control in Late-Planted Field Corn, 1984
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
C insecticide treatments were evaluated in 3 separate tests. Soil type was Waynesboro loam with 2-5% slope. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows in tests 1 and 3; 30 ft x 3 rows in test 2. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys and rows were 38 inches apart. Corn was thinned to 33 plants/30 row ft. The first insecticide application was made on 26 Jul for all treatments. Tests 2 and 3 received a second application on 6 Aug. Granular insecticides were applied into the whorls with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were applied with 2.5-gal compressed air sprayers at 30 psi and 30 gal/acre. Initial infestation levels were 13.1 larvae/plant. Ensilage yields were determined on 3 Oct at 72.5% moisture.
Preemergence Treatments in Field Corn for True Armyworm Control, 1984
Authors: Roberts James E. , Saluta Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were evaluated in Jun ’84, in Bedford Co, VA, for their effectiveness in controlling the true armyworm in no-till field corn when applied as preemergence tank mix treatments with recommended herbicides and 30% liquid nitrogen. Corn was planted in 30 inch rows on 1 May. Plots were established in a randomized complete block design measuring 4 rows by 50 ft by 4 replicates. The insecticides, herbicides, and liquid nitrogen were applied on 2 May. A compressed air sprayer equipped with 2 Teejet 8004 fan-type nozzles and delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 lb/sq inch was used for placement of the treatments over each plot. Two passes were made through each plot to assure uniform coverage of the rye cover crop. Plant stand counts were recorded on 7 Jun by counting the total number of plants in the 2 center rows per plot. Armyworm damage was also evaluated on 7 Jun by recording the number of damaged plants in the 2 center rows per plot.
Stalk Borer Control in Field Corn Adjacent to Terraces, 1984
Authors: Wintersteen Wendy K. , Foster David E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pydrin, paraquat and pydrin/paraquat tank mix were applied to field corn and sections of adjacent high berm, brome grass covered terraces to test for control of stalk borer. Plots in Clayton County near Elkader Iowa, were planted on 15 May. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Plots were 25 m long. Plot widths were either 4 rows, 4 rows + the adjacent 1 m of terrace, or 4 rows plus the entire width of the terrace. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer equipped with 11004 Tee Jet nozzles, delivering 20 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 25 May when the corn was in the early spike stage. Stand counts were made on 30 May and plots were evaluated on 25 Jun. Evaluations were made by determining the number of stalk borer infested plants per 17.4 ft, from the center of the second row from the outside in each plot. Missing plants along with those exhibiting stalk borer damage (e.g., foliar feeding, dead heart or wilting) were deemed to be infested.
Impact of Six Synthetic Pyrethroides on Kanzawa Spider Mites of Cotton, Japan 1984
Authors: Kasamatsu K. , Kawachi K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots 11 rows by 120 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design and 3 replications. Cotton was planted on 8 May, in 39 inch rows. The spray treatments were made with a motorized sprayer on 5, 19 Jun and 3 Jul. Spray volume consisted of 500 gal of total spray mixture per acre. Number of adult mites was recorded from the 60 randomly selected leaves per plot and expressed as a number per one leaf.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Oklahoma, 1984
Authors: Price Richard , Jacobi Robert , Freeman Richard , Young Jerry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 30 May at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma at 20 lb/acre. Eight-row plots 200 ft long, were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 6000 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. The John Deere pumping unit was replaced with a Marco system equipped with a roller pump powered by a 3 horsepower Briggs and Stratton gasoline engine. Insecticide applications consisted of 4.3 gal total spray mixture per acre with 1 no. 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Four applications were made at 7-day intervals starting on 30 Jul followed by 7, 14, and 21 Aug. Plots were irrigated with approximately 1 inch of water on 25 Jul, 8 Aug and 22 Aug. Rainfall during the period was as follows: 5 Aug, 0.4 inch, 11 Aug, 0.02 inch, and 28 Aug, 0.04 inch for a total of 0.46 inches. Damage was estimated by collecting at random, 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot.
Bollworm and Boll Weevil Control, 1984
Authors: Royer Tom A. , Edelson J. V. , Puterka G. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted 2 Mar on 40-inch rows at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX. Soil type was an Hidalgo sandy clay loam. Plots were 50 ft long by 2 rows wide and bordered by 1 row of forage sorghum. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments were applied through a C02-powered boom mounted on a high-clearance sprayer at a rate of 5.5 gal/acre (4 mph, 45 psi, 5 TX4 hollow-cone nozzles/plot). Plots were sprayed on 12, 19, 22, 25 & 28 Jun and 2 & Jul. Insect populations were monitored weekly with drop cloth samples (1 sample/plot). Plant damage was monitored with fruit counts from 1 meter-row areas (1 sample/plot). Yield was determined by collecting 3 one-meter row samples of seed cotton per plot.
White Grub Control, North Carolina, 1984
Authors: Kard B. M. , Hain F. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six different treatments were evaluated for efficacy in controlling beetle white grubs in pasture scheduled for Fraser fir* Christmas tree plantings. Three treatments each of 1% granular and 2% emulsifiable concentrate were applied. The test pasture was thickly covered with a mixture of annual and perennial grasses accompanied by various broadleaf weeds. The pasture had been cut for hay 5 wk prior to insecticide applications. The mineral-organic Porter loamy soil (2-3% organic matter) located in Watauga Co. had a pH of 5.5, an average temperature of 15 deg C at a depth of 4 inches, and a moisture content of 22% by weight. Test plots measured 10 by 10 ft and contained an average of 2.1 grubs per sq ft. Each treatment was replicated 5 times; the plots were organized in a completely random design. Pre-treatment grub counts were acquired on 26 Sep, with insecticides applied the same day. One sq ft of sod per test plot was turned back to expose grubs feeding on the rootzone. The sod was replaced without injuring the grubs. Liquid formulations were mixed with 1 gal of water per test plot and applied with a hand-pressurized portable sprayer. Granular applications were accomplished with a 20-inch wide hand-pushed spreader. On 14 Oct, posttreatment grub counts were acquired by turning back a previously undisturbed sq ft of sod. Both surviving and dead grubs were counted. Percent population reduction was calculated from the number of surviving grubs and the number of pre-treatment live grubs.
Greenbug Control on Grain Sorghum, 1984
Authors: Rover Tom A. , Cartwright Bob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four soil-applied insecticides were evaluated for greenbug control on ‘Pioneer 8222’ variety grain sorghum planted 30 Mar on a Raymondville clay loam on 40-inch rows at the TAMU-Hoblitzelle Farm near Mercedes, Texas. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Experimental plots were 50 ft by 6 rows. All treatment were applied in-furrow at planting with a Gandy applicator. The additional side-dress application was made 45 days post-plant. All plots were furrow irrigated on 2 Apr, 2 May and 15 Jun. Plant populations were estimated on 17 Apr from plant counts in three 10-ft samples/plot. Greenbug populations were estimated weekly by checking 10 randomly selected plants/plot. Beginning 15 May, sample size was reduced to 5 plants/plot. One application of Lorshan (0.25 lb Al/acre) was applied to control sorghum midge at ca. 50% bloom.
Evaluation of Insecticides Treatments for Control of Green Cloverworm on Soybean, 1984
Authors: Higley L. G. , Pedigo L. P. , Buntin G. D. , Bailey W. C. , Hutchins S. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots measuring 4 rows (30-inch centers) by 50 ft, with 2 border rows between plots, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks, near Ames, IA. Treatments were applied on 9 Aug ‘84, when plants were in the full pod stage (R4). Weather conditions at application were overcast, winds 0-5 mph, temperature ca. 75° F, and ca. 50% RH. The single in-furrow treatment was applied at planting; all other treatments were applied with a 4-row, CO2-charged (38 psi) bicycle-wheel sprayer equipped with Delevan BC 10-70 No. 6 hollow-cone sprayer nozzles. Ground speed was 1.7 mph which delivered ca. 20.7 gal/acre. Insects were sampled with a 15-inch sweepnet, and each sample consisted of 20 sweeps from each of 2 rows. Different pairs of rows were sampled on each date. Samples were collected 1-day pretreatment and 1- and 5-day posttreatment. No phytotoxic effects were observed in any plot. Plot yields were taken on 2 Oct by harvesting and threshing 3 row-m per treatment.
Stink Bug Control with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, 1984
Authors: Hynson T. P. , Kling C. E. , McPherson R. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticide treatments were evaluated to determine their effects on green stink bug populations. Insecticides were foliar-applied on 6 Sep ‘84 on ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Russell Settle Farm in Richmond County, VA. Individual plots were 6 rows, 150 ft long, and replicated 3 times. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 30 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1, 4, 7, and 21 days after application by comparing the number of green stink bugs, as well as green cloverworms and spiders, per 50 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting 12 row-ft in each plot.
Bean Leaf Beetle Control in Soybean Using Grandular Insecticides Applied at Planting, 1984
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Hynson T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six grandular insec-ticide treatments were evaluated to determine their effects of at-planting applications on bean leal beetle populations. Insecticides were applied either in the furrow or in a 7 inch band on 31 May ’84 on ‘Essex’ soybean grown of the F. F. Chandler Farm near Montross, VA. A Gandy Line Tender applicator was used to apply the insecticides. Individual plots were 4 rows 20 ft long spaced 40 inches apart with 1 border row between plots and 3-ft alleys on the ends of plots. A randomized block design was utilized with 4 replications. All treatments were evaluated periodically throughout the growing season by comparing the number of soybean pests and predators per 20 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Insecticide Sprays for Control of the Sugarcane Borer (Scb), Small-Plot Screening Test, 1983
Authors: White W. H. , Hensley S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays for control of season-long SCB infestations were applied to a stand of sugarcane (Var. CP 65-357, 1st stubble crop) at Sweet Home Planation, Savoie Sugars, Inc., Belle Rose, LA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 6 replications. Individual plots contained 3 rows (spaced 6 ft apart) that were 24 ft long. Each spray concentrate was applied from a single nozzle to the crop canopy at 22 psi with a CO2 pressurized knapsack sprayer that delivered 2.7 gal of finished formulation/acre. All insecticide treatments were begun after sugarcane intemodes were visible and when 5% of the stalks in check plots harbored small larvae in leaf sheaths and were repeated 3 wk later; application dates were 20 Jul and 10 Aug. The efficacy of insecticide treatments was evaluated at crop harvest (6 Oct) by comparing the % intemodes expressing damage by seasonal populations of SCB larvae in treated plots with that found in untreated plots. Twenty five stalks, selected at random from the center row of each plot, were visually scanned for external signs of internode penetration by SCB larvae.
Apple, Larvin Test, 1984
Authors: Pfeiffer D. G. , Ponton L. F. , Boucher J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvin 80DF was evaluated against a variety of pests in an apple block at Steeles Tavern. Treated and control plots each included one-half acre and the cultivars ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Stayman’ and ‘York’. Applications were made with a truck-mounted airblast sprayer on 18 May, 4 Jun, 14 Jun, 27 Jun, 30 Jul, and 18 Aug. WALH was evaluated by counting second generation nymphs on the undersides of 20 leaves. STLM was evaluated by counting mines seen in a 3-min count per tree. Damage by the 4 direct pests was quantified by examining 100 fruit per tree, 3 trees/variety. For all evaluations, 8 trees per plot were utilized. WALH and STLM counts were made on 27 Aug; fruit damage was evaluated on 13 Sep.