bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR07: Quiescent cancer cells form immunotherapy resistant reservoirs by forming an immune suppressive niche
Authors: Agudo Judith 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), but patients recur, arising the need to understand mechanisms of resistance. We discovered that in primary breast cancer, tumor cells that survive T-cell attack while still expressing the targeted antigen are in a quiescent state. Quiescent Cancer Cells (QCCs) are found clustering together forming intra-tumor cold regions with reduced immune infiltration. QCCs display superior tumorigenic capacity and higher expression of stemness genes than their proliferative counterparts. We adapted single-cell-RNA-sequencing with precise spatial resolution to profile infiltrating cells inside and outside the QCC niches. This transcriptomic analysis revealed hypoxia-induced programs and identified more exhausted T-cells, tumor-protective fibroblasts, and suppressive dendritic cells inside clusters of QCCs. This uncovered differential phenotypes in infiltrating cells based on their specific intra-tumor location and their proximity to functionally disntinct sub-populations of tumor cells. Thus, QCCs constitute immunotherapy-resistant reservoirs by orchestrating a local hypoxic immune-suppressive milieu that alters fibroblasts and dendritic cells leading to T cell dysfunction. Eliminating QCCs holds the promise to counteract resistance to immunotherapy and prevent disease recurrence in TNBC.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster P007.
Citation Format: Judith Agudo. Quiescent cancer cells form immunotherapy resistant reservoirs by forming an immune suppressive niche [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PR07.
De Maurice Halbwachs à Filosofia da Mente: repensando a memória a partir de abordagens externalistas
Authors: Cordeiro Veridiana Domingos 
Published: January 2022

O artigo reconstrói as principais contribuições de Maurice Halbwachs como uma abordagem externalista da memória, explorando também suas vertentes interpretativas derivadas de suas imprecisões conceituais. Isso para, paralelamente, reconstituir as principais ideias e vertentes que evoluíram a partir da “hipótese da mente estendida”, uma abordagem externalista que surgiu contemporaneamente na Filosofia da Mente. Essas duas reconstruções visam a colocar em diálogo explicações externalistas sobre a memória, reconhecendo suas similitudes e potenciais mútuas contribuições. Ao reconstruir as vertentes das abordagens externalistas da mente, demonstraremos como se preocuparam com muitos aspectos que já estavam postos na obra de Halbwachs e como esse autor clássico pode e deve ser revisitado para os novos desenvolvimentos dessa abordagem. Ao final, comentamos sobre rumos empíricos e sobre questões ausentes (como a questão do sentido) tanto na obra de Halbwachs, quanto nas abordagens externalistas da mente.
Legitimidades, conhecimento e dominação política
Authors: Almeida Bruna Gisi Martins de , Adorno Sérgio 
Published: January 2022

O texto apresenta o dossiê “Legitimação e legitimidades”, que teve como objetivo contribuir para os debates contemporâneos sobre legitimidade e para a reflexão sobre os problemas teórico-metodológicos e empíricos que permanecem em debate no estudo desse tema. A partir de um panorama das principais formulações sociológicas da questão da legitimidade, discutem-se os textos que compõem o dossiê, organizados a partir de dois temas principais: (i) a legitimidade do conhecimento científico e acadêmico na contemporaneidade; e (ii) as relações entre legitimidade, dominação e obediência.
Oral Antihypertensives for Nonsevere Pregnancy Hypertension: Systematic Review, Network Meta- and Trial Sequential Analyses
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N. , Sandhu Akshdeep , Abalos Edgardo D. , Khalil Asma , Singer Joel , Prasad Sarina , Omar Shazmeen , Vidler Marianne , von Dadelszen Peter , Magee Laura A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
We aimed to address which antihypertensives are superior to placebo/no therapy or another antihypertensive for controlling nonsevere pregnancy hypertension and provide future sample size estimates for definitive evidence.

Methods:

Randomized trials of antihypertensives for nonsevere pregnancy hypertension were identified from online electronic databases, to February 28, 2021 (registration URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; unique identifier: CRD42020188725). Our outcomes were severe hypertension, proteinuria/preeclampsia, fetal/newborn death, small-for-gestational age infants, preterm birth, and admission to neonatal care. A Bayesian random-effects model generated estimates of direct and indirect treatment comparisons. Trial sequential analysis informed future trials needed.

Results:
Of 1246 publications identified, 72 trials were included; 61 (6923 women) were informative. All commonly prescribed antihypertensives (labetalol, other β-blockers, methyldopa, calcium channel blockers, and mixed/multi-drug therapy) versus placebo/no therapy reduced the risk of severe hypertension by 30% to 70%. Labetalol decreased proteinuria/preeclampsia (odds ratio, 0.73 [95% credible interval, 0.54–0.99]) and fetal/newborn death (odds ratio, 0.54 [0.30–0.98]) compared with placebo/no therapy, and proteinuria/preeclampsia compared with methyldopa (odds ratio, 0.66 [0.44–0.99]) and calcium channel blockers (odds ratio, 0.63 [0.41–0.96]). No other differences were identified, but credible intervals were wide. Trial sequential analysis indicated that 2500 to 10 000 women/arm (severe hypertension or safety outcomes) to >15 000/arm (fetal/newborn death) would be required to provide definitive evidence.

Conclusions:
In summary, all commonly prescribed antihypertensives in pregnancy reduce the risk of severe hypertension, but labetalol may also decrease proteinuria/preeclampsia and fetal/newborn death. Evidence is lacking for many other safety outcomes. Prohibitive sample sizes are required for definitive evidence. Real-world data are needed to individualize care.
Emergence of a Nocturnal Low-Level Jet from a Broad Baroclinic Zone
Authors: Shapiro Alan , Gebauer Joshua G. , Parsons David B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An analytical model is presented for the generation of a Blackadar-like nocturnal low-level jet in a broad baroclinic zone. The flow is forced from below (flat ground) by a surface buoyancy gradient and from above (free atmosphere) by a constant pressure gradient force. Diurnally varying mixing coefficients are specified to increase abruptly at sunrise and decrease abruptly at sunset. With attention restricted to a surface buoyancy that varies linearly with a horizontal coordinate, the Boussinesq-approximated equations of motion, thermal energy, and mass conservation reduce to a system of one-dimensional equations that can be solved analytically. Sensitivity tests with southerly jets suggest that (i) stronger jets are associated with larger decreases of the eddy viscosity at sunset (as in Blackadar theory); (ii) the nighttime surface buoyancy gradient has little impact on jet strength; and (iii) for pure baroclinic forcing (no free-atmosphere geostrophic wind), the nighttime eddy diffusivity has little impact on jet strength, but the daytime eddy diffusivity is very important and has a larger impact than the daytime eddy viscosity. The model was applied to a jet that developed in fair weather conditions over the Great Plains from southern Texas to northern South Dakota on 1 May 2020. The ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) for the afternoon prior to jet formation showed that a broad north–south-oriented baroclinic zone covered much of the region. The peak model-predicted winds were in good agreement with ERA5 winds and lidar data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) central facility in north-central Oklahoma.
Large-Eddy Simulations of Convection Initiation over Heterogeneous, Low Terrain
Authors: Kirshbaum Daniel J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Large-eddy simulations are conducted to investigate and physically interpret the impacts of heterogeneous, low terrain on deep-convection initiation (CI). The simulations are based on a case of shallow-to-deep convective transition over the Amazon River basin, and use idealized terrains with varying levels of ruggedness. The terrain is designed by specifying its power-spectral shape in wavenumber space, inverting to physical space assuming random phases for all wave modes, and scaling the terrain to have a peak height of 200 m. For the case in question, these modest terrain fields expedite CI by up to 2–3 h, largely due to the impacts of the terrain on the size of, and subcloud support for, incipient cumuli. Terrain-induced circulations enhance subcloud kinetic energy on the mesoscale, which is realized as wider and longer-lived subcloud circulations. When the updraft branches of these circulations breach the level of free convection, they initiate wider and more persistent cumuli that subsequently undergo less entrainment-induced cloud dilution and detrainment-induced mass loss. As a result, the clouds become more vigorous and penetrate deeper into the troposphere. Larger-scale terrains are more effective than smaller-scale terrains in promoting CI because they induce larger enhancements in both the width and the persistence of subcloud updrafts.
Causes of the Arctic’s Lower-Tropospheric Warming Structure
Authors: Kaufman Zachary S. , Feldl Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArctic amplification has been attributed predominantly to a positive lapse rate feedback in winter, when boundary layer temperature inversions focus warming near the surface. Predicting high-latitude climate change effectively thus requires identifying the local and remote physical processes that set the Arctic’s vertical warming structure. In this study, we analyze output from the CESM Large Ensemble’s twenty-first-century climate change projection to diagnose the relative influence of two Arctic heating sources, local sea ice loss and remote changes in atmospheric heat transport. Causal effects are quantified with a statistical inference method, allowing us to assess the energetic pathways mediating the Arctic temperature response and the role of internal variability across the ensemble. We find that a step-increase in latent heat flux convergence causes Arctic lower-tropospheric warming in all seasons, while additionally reducing net longwave cooling at the surface. However, these effects only lead to small and short-lived changes in boundary layer inversion strength. By contrast, a step-decrease in sea ice extent in the melt season causes, in fall and winter, surface-amplified warming and weakened boundary layer temperature inversions. Sea ice loss also enhances surface turbulent heat fluxes and cloud-driven condensational heating, which mediate the atmospheric temperature response. While the aggregate effect of many moist transport events and seasons of sea ice loss will be different than the response to hypothetical perturbations, our results nonetheless highlight the mechanisms that alter the Arctic temperature inversion in response to CO2forcing. As sea ice declines, the atmosphere’s boundary layer temperature structure is weakened, static stability decreases, and a thermodynamic coupling emerges between the Arctic surface and the overlying troposphere.
Interbasin Interactions between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans Depending on the Phase of Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Hong Jin-Sil , Yeh Sang-Wook , Yang Young-Min 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The authors investigated the interbasin interactions between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans depending on the phase relationship of Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)/Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) based on observations and idealized model experiments. When the AMO and the PDO are in phase (i.e., +PDO/+AMO or −PDO/−AMO), the Pacific Ocean regulates the SST anomalies in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean with altering of the Walker circulation. During this period, there is a negative SST–precipitation relationship in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean where the atmosphere forces the ocean. In contrast, when they are out of phase (i.e., either +PDO/−AMO or −PDO/+AMO), the Atlantic Ocean influences the equatorial Pacific Ocean by modifying the Walker circulation, resulting in a westward shift of a center of convective forcing in the equatorial Pacific Ocean compared to that during an in-phase relationship of PDO/AMO. During this period, a positive SST–precipitation relationship is dominant in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean where the ocean forces the atmosphere. To verify this result, we conducted pacemaker experiments using the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System Model version 3 (NESM3). Model results supported our findings obtained from the observations. We infer that the characteristics of the Pacific–Atlantic interbasin interactions depend on whether the PDO and AMO phases are either in phase or out of phase.
Reduction in Meridional Heat Export Contributes to Recent Indian Ocean Warming
Authors: McMonigal K. , Gunn Kathryn L. , Beal Lisa M. , Elipot Shane , Willis Josh K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since 2000, the Indian Ocean has warmed more rapidly than the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans. Air–sea fluxes alone cannot explain the rapid Indian Ocean warming, which has so far been linked to an increase in temperature transport into the basin through the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Here, we investigate the role that the heat transport out of the basin at 36°S plays in the warming. Adding the heat transport out of the basin to the ITF temperature transport into the basin, we calculate the decadal mean Indian Ocean heat budget over the 2010s. We find that heat convergence increased within the Indian Ocean over 2000–19. The heat convergence over the 2010s is of the same order as the warming rate, and thus the net air–sea fluxes are near zero. This is a significant change from previous analyses using transbasin hydrographic sections from 1987, 2002, and 2009, which all found divergences of heat. A 2-yr time series shows that seasonal aliasing is not responsible for the decadal change. The anomalous ocean heat convergence over the 2010s in comparison with previous estimates is due to changes in ocean currents at both the southern boundary (33%) and the ITF (67%). We hypothesize that the changes at the southern boundary are linked to an observed broadening of the Agulhas Current, implying that temperature and velocity data at the western boundary are crucial to constrain heat budget changes.
On the Origins of the Oceanic Ultraviolet Catastrophe
Authors: Dematteis Giovanni , Polzin Kurt , Lvov Yuri V. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We provide a first-principles analysis of the energy fluxes in the oceanic internal wave field. The resulting formula is remarkably similar to the renowned phenomenological formula for the turbulent dissipation rate in the ocean, which is known as the finescale parameterization. The prediction is based on the wave turbulence theory of internal gravity waves and on a new methodology devised for the computation of the associated energy fluxes. In the standard spectral representation of the wave energy density, in the two-dimensional vertical wavenumber–frequency (m–ω) domain, the energy fluxes associated with the steady state are found to be directed downscale in both coordinates, closely matching the finescale parameterization formula in functional form and in magnitude. These energy transfers are composed of a “local” and a “scale-separated” contributions; while the former is quantified numerically, the latter is dominated by the induced diffusion process and is amenable to analytical treatment. Contrary to previous results indicating an inverse energy cascade from high frequency to low, at odds with observations, our analysis of all nonzero coefficients of the diffusion tensor predicts a direct energy cascade. Moreover, by the same analysis fundamental spectra that had been deemed “no-flux” solutions are reinstated to the status of “constant-downscale-flux” solutions. This is consequential for an understanding of energy fluxes, sources, and sinks that fits in the observational paradigm of the finescale parameterization, solving at once two long-standing paradoxes that had earned the name of “oceanic ultraviolet catastrophe.”

Significance Statement
The global circulation models cannot resolve the scales of the oceanic internal waves. The finescale parameterization of turbulent dissipation, a formula grounded in observations, is the standard tool by which the energy transfers due to internal waves are incorporated in the global models. Here, we provide an interpretation of this parameterization formula building on the first-principles statistical theory describing energy transfers between waves at different scales. Our result is in agreement with the finescale parameterization and points out a large contribution to the energy fluxes due to a type of wave interactions (local) usually disregarded. Moreover, the theory on which the traditional understanding of the parameterization is mainly built, a “diffusion approximation,” is known to be partly in contradiction with observations. We put forward a solution to this problem, visualized by means of “streamlines” that improve the intuition of the direction of the energy cascade.
Impacts of Coastal Terrain on Warm-Sector Heavy-Rain-Producing MCSs in Southern China
Authors: Zhang Murong , Rasmussen Kristen L. , Meng Zhiyong , Huang Yipeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Warm-sector heavy rainfall in southern China refers to the heavy rainfall that occurs within a weakly forced synoptic environment under the influence of monsoonal airflows. It is usually located near the southern coast and is characterized by poor predictability and a close relationship with coastal terrain. This study investigates the impacts of coastal terrain on the initiation, organization, and heavy rainfall potential of MCSs in warm-sector heavy rainfall over southern China using quasi-idealized WRF simulations and terrain-modification experiments. Typical warm-sector heavy rainfall events were selected to produce composite environments that forced the simulations. MCSs in these events all initiated in the early morning and developed into quasi-linear convective systems along the coast with a prominent back-building process. When the small coastal terrain is removed, the maximum 12-h rainfall accumulation decreases by ∼46%. The convection initiation is advanced ∼2 h with the help of orographic lifting associated with flow interaction with the coastal hills in the control experiment. Moreover, the coastal terrain weakens near-surface winds and thus decreases the deep-layer vertical wind shear component perpendicular to the coast and increases the component parallel to the coast; the coastal terrain also concentrates the moisture and instability over the coastal region by weakening the boundary layer jet. These modifications lead to faster upscale growth of convection and eventually a well-organized MCS. The coastal terrain is beneficial for back-building convection and thus persistent rainfall by providing orographic lifting for new cells on the western end of the MCS, and by facilitating a stronger and more stagnant cold pool, which stimulates new cells near its rear edge.
An Analysis of the 3 May 2020 Low-Predictability Derecho Using a Convection-Allowing MPAS Ensemble
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno Z. , Weiss Steven J. , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study analyzes the low short-range predictability of the 3 May 2020 derecho using a 40-member convection-allowing Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) ensemble. Elevated storms formed in south-central Kansas late at night and evolved into a progressive mesoscale convective system (MCS) during the morning while moving across southern Missouri and northern Arkansas, and affected western and middle Tennessee and southern Kentucky in the afternoon. The convective initiation (CI) in south-central Kansas, the organization of a dominant bow echo MCS, and the MCS maintenance over Tennessee were identified as the three main predictability issues. These issues were explored using three MPAS ensemble members, observations, and the Rapid Refresh analyses. The MPAS members were classified as successful or unsuccessful with regard to each predictability issue. CI in south-central Kansas was sensitive to the temperature and dewpoint profiles in low levels, which were associated with greater elevated thermodynamic instability and lower level of free convection in the successful member. The subsequent organization of a dominant bowing MCS was well predicted by the member that had more widespread convection in the early stages and no detrimental interaction with other simulated convective systems. Last, the inability of MPAS ensemble members to predict the MCS maintenance over western and middle Tennessee was linked to a dry bias in low levels and much lower thermodynamic instability ahead of the MCS compared to observations. This case demonstrates the challenges in operational forecasting of warm-season derecho-producing progressive MCSs, particularly when ensemble numerical weather prediction guidance solutions differ considerably.
Low density rigid polyurethane foam incorporated with renewable polyol as sustainable thermal insulation material
Authors: Srihanum Adnan , Tuan Noor Maznee TI , Devi Kosheela PP , Hoong Seng Soi , Ain Nurul H , Mohd Norhisham S , Nek Mat Din Nik Siti Mariam , Kian Yeong Shoot 
Published: January 2022

Palm olein-based polyol (PP) was used as a partial replacement for commercial sucrose/glycerine initiated polyether polyol (GP) for the production of low density rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). The hydroxyl value (OHV) of the GP was 380 mg KOH/g, whereas the OHV for PP was 360 mg KOH/g. The RPUFs were prepared by replacing the GP with PP up to 50 parts per hundred parts of polyols (pph). Characterisation of the RPUFs, including density, compressive strength and strain, cell morphology and thermal conductivity ( k-value), were conducted. The dimensional stability of the foams was also evaluated. The study showed improvement in the compressive strength and strain for palm-based RPUFs with the incorporation of up to 30 pph PP as compared to GP foams. The lowest k-value (0.0232 W/m.K) of RPUF with density below 30 kg/m3 was obtained with the incorporation of 10 pph PP. This was due to the smallest and uniform pore size distribution observed using SEM images. The dimensional stability of the RPUF prepared from PP was within the acceptable range. Thus, the RPUFs made from PP are potential candidates to be used as insulation for refrigerators, freezers and piping.