bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catastrophe optics theory unveils the localised wave aberration features that generate ghost images
Authors: Barbero Sergio , Bradley Arthur , López‐Gil Norberto , Rubinstein Jacob , Thibos Larry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMonocular polyplopia (ghost or multiple images) is a serious visual impediment for some people who report seeing two (diplopia), three (triplopia) or even more images. Polyplopia is expected to appear if the point spread function (PSF) has multiple intensity cores (a dense concentration of a large portion of the radiant flux contained in the PSF) relatively separated from each other, each of which contributes to a distinct image. We present a theory that assigns these multiple PSF cores to specific features of aberrated wavefronts, thereby accounting optically for the perceptual phenomenon of monocular polyplopia. The theory provides two major conclusions. First, the most likely event giving rise to multiple PSF cores is the presence of hyperbolic, or less probably elliptical, umbilic caustics (using the terminology of catastrophe optics). Second, those umbilic caustics formed on the retinal surface are associated with certain points of the wave aberration function, called cusps of Gauss, where the gradient of a curvature function vanishes. However, not all cusps of Gauss generate those umbilic caustics. We also provide necessary conditions for those cusps of Gauss to be fertile. To show the potential of this theoretical framework for understanding the nature and origin of polyplopia, we provide specific examples of ocular wave aberration functions that induce diplopia and triplopia. The polyplopia effects in these examples are illustrated by depicting the multi‐core PSFs and the convolved retinal images for clinical letter charts, both through computer simulations and through experimental recording using an adaptive optics set‐up. The number and location of cores in the PSF is thus a potentially useful metric for the existence and severity of polyplopia in spatial vision. These examples also help explain why physiological pupil constriction might reduce the incidence of ghosting and multiple images of daily objects that affect vision with dilated pupils. This mechanistic explanation suggests a possible role for optical phase‐masking as a clinical treatment for polyplopia and ghosting.
Cost of cardiac stereotactic body radioablation therapy versus catheter ablation for treatment of ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Wei Chen , Boeck Michelle , Qian Pierre C. , Vivenzio Todd , Elizee Zoe , Bredfeldt Jeremy S. , Kaplan Robert S. , Tedrow Usha , Mak Raymond , Zei Paul C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare the cost of cardiac stereotactic body radioablation therapy (SBRT) versus catheter ablation for treating ventricular tachycardia (VT).BackgroundCardiac SBRT is a novel way of treating refractory VT that may be less costly than catheter ablation, owing to its noninvasive, outpatient nature. However, the true costs of either procedure are not well described, which could help inform a more appropriate reimbursement for cardiac SBRT than simply cross‐indexing existing procedural rates.MethodsProcess maps were derived for the full patient care cycle of both procedures using time‐driven activity‐based costing. Step‐by‐step timestamps were collected prospectively from a 10‐patient SBRT cohort and retrospectively from a 59‐patient catheter ablation cohort. Individual costs were estimated by multiplying timestamps with capacity cost rates (CCRs) for personnel, space, equipment, consumable, and indirect resources. These were summed into total cost, which for cardiac SBRT was compared with current catheter ablation and single‐fraction lung SBRT reimbursements, both potential reference rates for cardiac SBRT.ResultsThe direct and total procedural costs of cardiac SBRT ($7549 and $10,621) were 49% and 54% less than those of VT ablation ($14,707 and $23,225). These costs were significantly different from current reimbursement for catheter ablation ($22,692) and lung SBRT ($6329). After including hospitalization expenses (≥$15,000), VT ablation costs at least $27,604 more to furnish than cardiac SBRT.ConclusionsTime‐driven activity‐based costing (TDABC) can be a helpful tool for assessing healthcare costs, including novel treatment approaches. In addition to its clinical benefits, cardiac SBRT may provide significant cost reduction opportunities for treatment of VT.
Three‐dimensional imaging for the analysis of human epidermal melanocytes
Authors: Kim Dai Hyun , Lee Se Jeong , Seo Soo Hong , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Kim Byung‐Jo , Sun Woong , Rhyu Im Joo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3‐D) analysis of human epidermal melanocytes is required for deeper understanding of melanocytic disorders. The purpose of this study was to standardize 3‐D imaging and quantification for the evaluation of epidermal melanocytes. The epidermal specimen was obtained using the suction blister method from a patient with melanocytic nevus on the forearm skin. Cutaneous ACT‐PRESTO, the tissue‐clearing and labeling technique, was subsequently performed. With the 3‐D image analysis program, morphological reconstruction and quantification of selected perilesional and melanocytic nevus areas were possible. The region of melanocytic nevus showed higher numbers of total melanocytic dendrites and similar numbers of cell bodies compared with perilesional area. In addition, the mean area and volume of cell bodies increased in the melanocytic nevus area compared with the results in the perilesional area. The 3‐D evaluation method of human epidermal melanocytes can be applied to investigate novel pathologies related to hyper‐ or hypo‐pigmentary disorders.
Administrative intensity and financial sustainability: An empirical analysis of the Victorian local government system
Authors: Tran Carolyn‐Thi Thanh Dung , Dollery Brian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA substantial empirical literature has examined the relationships between organizational characteristics and performance across the public sector, including the determinants of financial sustainability in local government. However, with the exception of one 2020 source, no attempt has been made to investigate the impact of administrative intensity on municipal financial sustainability. To address this gap in the empirical literature, this article examines the influence of administrative intensity on financial sustainability in the Victorian state local government system in Australia, as proxied by financial sustainability ratios, over the period 2014/15–2018/19. In addition, we consider whether variations in the relationship between administrative intensity and financial sustainability exist between rural and urban Victorian local authorities. We find that administrative intensity significantly affects the financial sustainability indices of local councils. In addition, there are differences across rural and urban councils in the association between financial sustainability and administrative intensity. The study concludes with a brief discussion of its broader policy implications.Related ArticlesCurato, Nicole, and Simon Niemeyer. 2013. “Reaching Out to Overcome Political Apathy: Building Participatory Capacity through Deliberative Engagement.”Politics & Policy41(3): 355–83.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12015.Van Acker, Elizabeth. 2009. “Service Delivery of Relationship Support Programs in Australia: Implications for the ‘Community Sector.’”Politics & Policy37(6): 1307–29.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00221.x.Wallis, Joe Tor Brodtkorb, Brian Dollery, and Muiris MacCarthaigh. 2017. “Commissions and Local Government Reform: Expressed Leadership Identities of Commissioners in Inquiries Proposing Municipal Mergers in Northern Ireland and New South Wales.”Politics & Policy45(2): 285–308.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12199.
Joint effects of shared and transformational leadership on performance in street‐level bureaucracies: Evidence from the educational sector
Authors: Lagowska Urszula , Sobral Filipe , Tavares Gustavo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent theories of public administration emphasize the importance of leadership as shared property. This research focuses on the role of the interaction between vertical and shared leadership in promoting agency performance. Specifically, it examines the joint effects of shared leadership and transformational leadership on team empowerment and performance in public settings. Based on field study data collected from 74 street‐level bureaucracies and 423 public servants in Brazil, we find evidence that vertical transformational leadership strengthens the direct relationship between shared leadership and team empowerment as well as the indirect relationship between shared leadership and school performance through team empowerment (a moderated‐mediation model). The findings of this study suggest that greater attention should be paid to the dynamics of shared and vertical leadership structures to better understand their consequences for team processes and outcomes in public settings.
How “institutionalization” can work. Structuring governance for digital transformation in Italy
Authors: Di Giulio Marco , Vecchi Giancarlo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPublic policy scholars have recently focused on the mechanisms accounting for the sustainability of major policy changes. Among the strategies by which policy entrepreneurs may try to avoid future backlash institutionalization is certainly one of the most used. Yet, it can foster ossification and eventually jeopardize policy effectiveness. Such a potential trade‐off between institutionalization and long‐term effectiveness is particularly intense in policies concerning technological innovation because the necessity to create winning coalitions can undermine the required absorption capacity needed by government to engage the innovation ecosystems. This paper explores such a trade‐off with a case study on the Italian policy for public sector's digital transformation. The case is theoretically promising because over three decades institutionalization has always represented the main overall strategy adopted by policymaker, but only the 2016 initiative emerged as a “success.” In this sense, the case study can focus on the mechanisms activated by policy entrepreneurs to trigger and entrench change.
Dynamic Disease Screening by Joint Modelling of Survival and Longitudinal Data
Authors: Qiu Peihua , You Lu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSequential monitoring of dynamic processes is an active research area because of its broad applications in different industries and scientific research projects, including disease screening in medical research. In the literature, it has been shown that dynamic screening system (DySS) is a powerful tool for sequential monitoring of dynamic processes. To detect a disease (e.g. stroke) for a patient, existing DySS methods first estimate the regular longitudinal pattern of certain disease predictors (e.g. blood pressure, cholesterol level) from an in-control (IC) dataset that contains observations of a group of non-diseased people, and then compare the longitudinal pattern of the observed disease predictors of the given patient with the estimated regular longitudinal pattern. A signal of disease occurrence is triggered if their cumulative difference exceeds a certain level, facilitated by a built-in control chart. In practice, a dataset containing longitudinal observations of the disease predictors of both non-diseased and diseased people is often available in advance, from which it is possible to explore the relationship between the disease occurrence and the longitudinal pattern of the disease predictors. This relationship should be helpful for disease screening. In this paper, a new DySS method is suggested based on this idea. Numerical studies confirm that it can improve the existing DySS methods for disease screening.
Microscopic detection of Leptospira bacterial organisms in urine sediment from a young dog with leptospirosis and a review of the pathobiology and diagnosis of canine leptospirosis
Authors: Klosowski Marika L. , Bohn Andrea A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSamples collected from an 11‐month‐old Dachshund‐mix dog with a history of acute azotemia, fever, and enlarged and irregular kidneys were received at the Colorado State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (CSU VDL). The submitting veterinarians were concerned about lymphoma versus acute nephritis/pyelonephritis. The CSU clinical pathology laboratory received urine for urinalysis and kidney aspirates for cytologic evaluation. Urine had also been submitted for aerobic culture and Leptospirosis PCR, and serum was submitted for Lepto‐5 microscopic agglutination testing (MAT). Upon examination of a wet mount of the urine sediment, technical staff noted “vibrating” clumps of granular‐appearing material throughout the slide, which prompted the preparation of a stained sediment slide for pathologist review. Very small, faintly staining organisms were observed, and an attempt was made to picture‐match these with published reports of Leptospira in dog urine, but none could be found. In addition, some references claimed that Leptospira organisms are not seen in urine with light microscopy. The suspicion that these organisms were Leptospira sp. was supported by the MAT results and later confirmed by PCR. The organisms subsequently exhibited strong positive immunolabeling for the Leptospira antigen. This case report provides a searchable record of Leptospira organisms visualized by routine light microscopy in dog urine during natural infection and a review of canine leptospirosis pathobiology and diagnosis.
On Lipschitz normally embedded complex surface germs
Authors: Belotto da Silva André , Fantini Lorenzo , Pichon Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe undertake a systematic study of Lipschitz normally embedded normal complex surface germs. We prove, in particular, that the topological type of such a germ determines the combinatorics of its minimal resolution which factors through the blowup of its maximal ideal and through its Nash transform, as well as the polar curve and the discriminant curve of a generic plane projection, thus generalizing results of Spivakovsky and Bondil that were known for minimal surface singularities. In an appendix, we give a new example of a Lipschitz normally embedded surface singularity.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Electrochemical Behavior in SiO/Graphite Composite Anode for High Energy Density Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Gao Xiang , Xu Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
SiO/Graphite (Gr) composite has been regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The heterogeneous composition of such an anode system brings in highly nonlinear and complex electrochemical behaviors compared to the single-material anode. The computational modeling provides an efficient and accurate way to explore the electrochemical behaviors of SiO/Gr composite anode. Herein, we propose a 3D model at the electrode level containing particle geometries based on a representative volume element (RVE) and study the electrochemical process of the half-cell charging. The effects of SiO proportion, charging rate, SiO distribution, and SiO particle size on the electrochemical performance are discussed. The results reveal that an anode with higher SiO proportions performs a better rate capability. We also discover that moving SiO particles towards the separator and shrinking the SiO particle can improve the cell performance. Results provide an in-depth understanding of the electrochemical behaviors of the composite anode and guide the design for SiO/Gr anode materials in maximizing the theoretical capacity while maintaining better rate performance.
Fault Detection of Single Cell Battery Inconsistency in Electric Vehicle Based on Fireworks Algorithm Optimized Deep Belief Network
Authors: Lujun Wang , Bin Pan , Jiuchun Jiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Because the fault characteristics of inconsistent fault single battery are not obvious in the electric vehicle battery pack, it is difficult to identify the inconsistent fault. Therefore, this paper proposes an inconsistent fault detection method based on a fireworks algorithm (FWA) optimized deep belief network (DBN). The method feeds the raw data signal into a deep belief network algorithm for training, which automatically performs feature extraction and intelligent diagnosis of inconsistencies, without requiring the time domain signal to be periodic. The top-level algorithm of the deep belief network adopts error Back Propagation (BP). Using FWA training to optimize DBN-BP, the best DBN-BP-FWA model structure can be obtained. Experimental verification was carried out using real vehicle data from electric vehicles. The inconsistency diagnosis results show that, compared with the traditional inconsistency diagnosis method, the application of this paper's method for electric vehicle single battery fault detection can obtain higher accuracy, with an average accuracy of 96.19%.
Thermodynamic Correlation of the Entropy of Bose–Einstein Condensation Transition to the Lambda Points of Superfluids
Authors: Domenikos George-Rafael , Rogdakis Emmanouil , Koronaki Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, the authors show an apparent connection in the behaviors of superfluid Helium in its two stable isotopes, where the lambda transition to superfluidity is seen to correspond to a theoretical Bose–Einstein condensation temperature of the ideal parts of the two isotopes. A statistical model for the physical and thermodynamic behaviors is developed based on their known properties, where the equations of the partition function, entropy, and specific heat are constructed in such a way where one term applies to the ideal part of the fluid and the second to its interacting part. The calculated temperatures for the formation of a theoretical Bose–Einstein condensation in the ideal parts of both isotopes almost completely matches their lambda transition temperatures. The models of the two isotopes are very different due to the fermionic nature of Helium-3, for which the model is formed based on the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory of Cooper pairs of fermions. Using this formulation, the Bose–Einstein condensation temperature for the pairs of Helium-3 atoms is calculated, as opposed to the condensation temperature for Helium-4, which is directly derived from the bosonic atoms, leading to its much lower value than Helium-4.
Impact of Manufacturing Flaw on Fatigue Damage Development and on Stiffness Variation in Woven Composite Plates
Authors: Bouslama Nidhal , Quaegebeur Nicolas , Maslouhi Ahmed , Masson Patrice 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Under dynamic loading conditions, damage in a plain weave carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite is a complex and multiscale process, especially in the presence of a manufacturing flaw. In this context, this paper investigates the impact of an inserted flaw on the damage scenario and stiffness degradation over fatigue life. To achieve this objective, a full three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) is developed to evaluate the stress distribution induced by the local defect. Fatigue tests are then performed on two configurations with and without inserted flaws with continuous monitoring by using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. The acoustic emission (AE) method is used for damage quantification and source localization while digital image correlation (DIC) and air-coupled ultrasonics (ACU) are applied to evaluate the stiffness degradation. The cross results obtained using these three monitoring techniques provide an insight into the damage process and stiffness degradation in woven composite with a simulated manufacturing flaw.
Thermo-Fluid Physiognomies of a Photovoltaic Thermal Collector: A Comparative Study With Different Flow Channel Materials
Authors: Nahar Afroza , Parvin Salma , Hasanuzzaman M. , Rahim N. A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In recent years, a good number of research works have been conducted to elucidate the different aspects of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) technology. However, in order to take a technology to its maturity level, it is important to explore its internal physics and identify the factors that control system performance. With this view, in the present research, thermal and heat transfer characterization, and pressure drop phenomena inside a parallel-plate PV/T collector have been examined numerically to portray the thermo-fluid physiognomy of the system. A three-dimensional mathematical model of the PV/T system has been developed, and the model is used to build a computer simulation of the system in COMSOL Multiphysics® software. Hence, the simulation model has been validated by outdoor experimental results and was found to be in good agreement. Thus, the simulation program is employed to produce temperature distribution and heat flow plots throughout the flow channel, wherein results have been evaluated for two different channel materials, e.g., aluminum and copper. Results show that heat flowrate through both aluminum and copper channels is virtually the same. On the other hand, pressure drop, thereby pumping power required to maintain flow, is greater for an aluminum channel. The developed heat transfer simulation model can be extended for other PV modules with diverse designs and materials of the heat exchanger.
Performance Investigation of Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycles in Combination With Solar Power and Waste Heat Recovery Systems
Authors: Alshahrani Saad , Vesely Ladislav , Kapat Jayanta , Saleel C. Ahamed , Engeda Abraham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A performance assessment of advanced sCO2 Brayton cycles integrated with a concentrated solar power and waste heat recovery systems was conducted. Five advanced sCO2 Brayton cycles are examined for the bottoming cycle: dual heater, dual expansion, cascade, partial recuperation, and Kimzey cycles. This study reveals that the dual heater and dual expansion cycles have the best performance among the advanced sCO2 Brayton cycles considered. The findings reveal that the highest cycle efficiency is for the dual heater and dual expansion cycles (29.18%) followed by the Kimzey cycle (27.73%), then the cascade cycle (26.29%). Consequently, the least cycle efficiency is for the partial recuperation cycle (25%). Furthermore, the highest net power takes place in the dual heater and dual expansion cycles. Finally, the findings demonstrate that increasing the pressure ratio of advanced sCO2 Brayton cycles, within the range considered, results in a reduction of the cycle efficiency.
An optimization design method of a cylindrical roller bearing with the low friction torque
Authors: Liu Jing , Xu Zidan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The heat generated during the bearing working process would greatly affect the working life and stability of bearing and mechanical transmission system. To analyze the heat generation of cylindrical roller bearings (CRBs), a theoretical calculation model of friction torque is proposed. The differences of friction torque between the flexible and rigid CRBs are compared. The waviness in the rings and rollers are considered. To study the bearing transient temperature characteristics, a thermal network is established; and the transient heat balance equations are solved. A research on the optimization algorithm for manufacturing parameters in the CRB with the low friction torque is conducted, in which the waviness errors are considered. The results show that the radial force, speed, and waviness can greatly affect the friction torque and temperature characteristics of CRB. The friction torque and outer ring temperature increase with the increment of radial force, speed, and waviness amplitude and order. The friction torque and temperature of CRB can be effectively reduced by changing the bearing manufacturing parameters. This study can provide some guidance to the optimal design the CRB with the low friction torque.