bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa Insect Control, Iowa, 1982
Authors: David Buntin G. , Pedigo L.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots measuring 20 x 40 ft were established near Ankeny, IA. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete-block design. Conventionally applied treatments were applied on May 19 at the rate of 28 gal/acre with a CO2-charged (24 psi) bicycle sprayer equipped with SS8003 flat-fan nozzles. Three treatments were applied with Micrornax Controlled Droplet Application (CDA) nozzles. Nozzles rotated at 5000 rev/min and ground speed was 2.7 mph which delivered 2 gal/acre. A standard 15-in sweep net was used to take 10 pendulum sweeps in each plot on 1 day before treatment and 5, 9, and 14-days post treatment. No phytoxicity was observed in any treatment.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1982
Authors: Coviello Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experiment was set up in a 3-year-old stand of alfalfa to evaluate pesticide activity against Egyptian alfalfa weevil (EAW) larvae and blue alfalfa aphids. Ten by 40 ft plots replicated 4 times were treated using a backpack sprayer. The spray, volume was 20 gal per acre. The treatments were applied Mar 15 under a partly cloudy sky and ambient temperature of 55 F. Rain (0.59 in) fell on the plots approximately 12 h after application. Evaluations were made by taking 10-sweep samples 8 days and 18 days after application.
Alfalfa Insect Control, Montana, 1982
Authors: Morrill Wendell L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated in a 3-year-old stand of alfalfa near Bozeman. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Plot size was 16 x 20 ft. Insecticides were applied with a backpack CO2sprayer delivering 20 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Insects were sampled by taking five 180° sweeps with a 15 in dia sweep-net. Treatments were applied on Jul 8 to prebloom alfalfa. Insects were sampled on Jul 12.
Alfalfa Insect Control with Synthetic Pyrethroids, Minnesota, 1982
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cuperus Gerrit W. , Mary Weniger A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on 2nd and 3rd cuttings of 3rd-year alfalfa at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Co., MN. Plots were 22 x 50 ft (0.025 acre) and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer in 27 gal/acre at 100 psi pressure to 2nd cutting on Jun 25 and to 3rd cutting on Aug 5. On 2nd cutting, insects were sampled prespray, Jun 23, and postspray, Jun 28, by taking 25 pendulum sweeps/plot. On 3rd cutting, insects were sampled postspray by vacuum machine taking 15 ‘putdowns’, equivalent to 5.2 ft2 Aug 6, 12, 20, and 20., and by taking 25 pendulum sweeps/plot Aug 6. Ammo at 0.08 lb/acre and Pay-Off at 0.04 lb ai/acre and gave control of pea aphid apterae and potato leafhopper comparable to that provided by 0.5 lb ai/acre of Furadan. There was no evidence that use of the pyrethroids favored beneficial taxa, although only data for parasitic Hymenoptera are shown here. No phytotoxicity was noted.
Apple, Full Season Insecticide Evaluations, 1982
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticide treatments were applied to mature semi-dwarf York trees on May 13, Jun 3, Jun 13, Jun 28, Jul 14, Aug 10 and Aug 31. Cymbush treatments were not started until Jun 13. Treatments were applied with a handgun operating at 400 psi. Single tree treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff. Mites were sampled by randomly selecting 10 leaves around each tree and counting motile mites with a hand lens.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1982
Authors: Levine Illinois Eli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Soil insecticides to control corn rootworm larvae were evaluated at 2 locations in IL. Corn was planted in 30-in rows on May 1 at Bloomington and May 14 at the Agronomy South Farm of the University of Illinois. Varieties planted were Funks G-4522 at Bloomington and Pioneer 3780 at the Agronomy South Farm. Each insecticide was applied in a 7-in band over the row 0-5 days after planting with Noble metering units attached to a bicycle-wheeled applicator equipped with drag chains. Each treatment consisted of a 1 x 50-ft row. Experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with 4 replications/treatment. Previously, Counter had been applied at a rate of 1.0 lb ai/acre on the Agronomy South Farm field in both 1980 and 1981. No soil insecticides had been used at the Bloomington location in either 1980 or 1981. Both fields had very high corn rootworm beetle counts during the preceding summer. Root systems were evaluated for rootworm damage in mid-Jul by digging and washing 20 plants from each treatment (5 roots per row x 4 reps) and examining the roots for rootworm feeding damage. The state Iowa 1-6 damage rating scale (1 = little or no damage and 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots destroyed) was used to measure damage.
Field Corn, Japanese Beetle Control, 1982
Authors: Pless CD. , Shamiyeh N.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three Imidan 50WP and 1 Sevin XLR foliar treatments were evaluated for control of Japanese beetles and reduction of silk dipping damage at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on Apr 19. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows (40 in spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5-ft alleys. Corn plants averaged 60/30 row ft. Sprays were applied on Jul 3 using 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre pressurized by portable CO2tanks. Ear rating ranged from 0 (no kernels present on ear) to 10 (ears completely filled). Beetle counts were based on the average number of live beetles on corn silks/60 plants. Yields were determined on Sep 29 when corn contained 19.05% moisture.
Field Corn, Seedcorn Maggot Larvae Control, 1981
Authors: Wisniewski M.N. , Karr L.L. , Tollefson J.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A seedcorn maggot soil insecticide test plot was established in the Johnston Farm, 1 mile south of Ames, IA. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Thirty ft seed furrows, spaced 40 in apart, were opened with modified cultivator sweeps. A meat and bone meal bait was placed in the furrow (1.5 qt/30 ft) and watered daily from Apr 28 to May 4. Corn was hand planted (6-in spacing) and insecticides were applied May 5. Granules were applied in the furrow or as a 7 in band with laboratory-calibrated Noble metering units mounted on a bicycle applicator. Liquids were banded with a self-contained small plot sprayer. All materials were manually incorporated by raking. Seedcorn maggot feeding was evaluated May 27-28, when plant emergence was complete. Two, 1-meter trenches 10-cm deep were dug in each treatment and the soil was examined for larvae, pupae, and damaged seeds. All seedcorn maggot larvae and pupae in each sample were recorded, percent damaged seeds was calculated, and a 1/1000 acre stand count was taken in each row.
Residual Control of Boll Weevil, 1982
Authors: Conley Jim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Aug 31 a caged boll weevil study was initiated at the Plant Science Research Center of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station to determine the residual efficacy of several insecticides in controlling the boll weevil. Plots were 4 rows wide x 75 ft long. Two buffer rows separated plots. Insecticide applications were made with a tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.5 gpa at 30 psi through 2 TX-4 nozzles per row. Adult boll weevils were obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at MSI). Nylon cloth bags, ca 12 in x 12 in, were used to cage the weevils on the plant. The weevils were placed into the bag which was then inverted over the terminal of a treated plant and the open end of the bag secured on the stalk. Two replications were made within each treatment. The residual activity was evaluated by caging weevils onto the plants on 5 consecutive days (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h post treatment), and evaluating mortality after the weevils had been caged for 48 h.
Performance of Selected Insecticides for Control of Heliothis Species and Boll Weevils in Cotton, 1982
Authors: Burris Gene , Rogers R.L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 8 row plots and were replicated 4 times. Plots were 6b ft long x 25 ft alleys and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Temik TSX was applied ‘in furrow’ to control nematodes and thrips. Insecticide treatments were applied using a high clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air plot spraying system with two X-3 hollow cone spray tips per row delivering 2.4 gpa of total solution. Applications were made on Jul 9, 15, 22, 28, Aug 18 and 23. Fifty squares/plot/replicate were examined from the center rows within 48 h after treatment. Cotton was machine harvested from the center 4 rows and weights were converted to lb seed cotton.
Insecticide Control of Plant Bugs and Effect on Beneficial SPP., 1982
Authors: Gallaher Martin , Kowalski Ed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An insecticide test was conducted in a farmer cooperator’s field near Conran, MO, to evaluate 4 insecticides for the control of plant bugs and their effect on non-target beneficial insects. Eight-row plots, 200 ft long were replicated 4 times according to a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied Jul 21 at the rate of 5 gpa at 30 psi directed over the row through 1 nozzle/row with an air-pressurized system mounted on an 8-row Hahn 300 Hi-boy high clearance sprayer. Pretreatment counts were taken over the entire plot Jul 21 by shaking ten 3-row-ft samples over a drop sheet. Post-treatment counts were made by sampling 3-row-ft at 4 sites in each plot. Pretreatment counts of the mean number of insects and beneficials per plot were as follows: total plant bugs (15.6) and total beneficials (32.8).
Control of Thrips with Granular Insecticides and Seed Treatment, 1982
Authors: Graham L.C. , Gaylor M.J. , Edelson J.V. , Walker L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A field evaluation of insecticides to control thrips on cotton was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Four replicates of 8 treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 4 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between blocks. Granular materials were applied in-furrow immediately prior to planting on 3 May using electric Gandy insecticide applicators. Seed treatments were applied prior to planting. Number of thrips per 3 ft of row and plant heights were used to evaluate effectiveness of treatments. Thrips abundance was determined by beating all plants in a 3-ft section of 1 center row in each plot over a standard drop cloth. Mean plant heights were determined by measuring 10 randomly selected plants in each plot on 3 Jun and 30 Jun.
Chemical Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1982
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stoneville 825’ variety cotton was planted May 6 at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. Soil type was Grenada silt loam. Two-row plots 35 ft long were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. All seed planted was commercially treated with Vitavax and Captan. The seed treatment was prepared in the laboratory by adding the insecticide to the double-treated seed. The hopper box treatment was made in the field by adding Orthene 75S to the double-treated seed. Ten pounds of Terraclor Super-X per acre was applied in the covering soil except in the Temik-TSX and Temik-Vitavax treatments. Foliar sprays were applied Jun 1 at 4.4 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi) with a hand held CO2 pressurized B I G spray system. Pre- and post treatment thrips counts were made by pulling 2 seedling plants from each row ana placing these 4 plants in a pt jar. The jars were returned to the laboratory where the plants were beaten over a large funnel. Thrips were collected under the funnel in 70% alcohol. Post-treatment counts were made Jun 8. Stand counts, vigor and phytotoxicity ratings and plant height measurements were made Jun 3-10. The 2-row plots were machine harvested Oct 8, 11 and Nov 3.
Insecticide Treatments for Tarnished Plant Bug and Cotton Flea Hopper Control, 1982
Authors: Micinski Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticide evaluation studies were conducted at the Red River Valley Agricultural Experiment Station, Bossier City, LA, to examine the efficacy of various insecticides in controlling tarnished plant bugs and cotton flea hoppers on cotton. The effect of the various insecticides on beneficials was also examined. The first test was conducted on ‘DPL 61’ variety cotton planted May 5 on a combination Norwood loam and Norwood very fine sandy loam soil. The second test was conducted on ‘DPL 55’ variety cotton planted May 12 on a Latanier silty clay loam soil. Plots in both tests were 8 rows x 30.5 m (1.02 m centers) arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticides were applied in 11.4 liters of water with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart (2/row). Insecticides were applied Jun 14 in the first test and Jun 24 in the second test. Yields were taken Oct 10 only in the first test. Single 50-sweep samples/plot were taken in the first test to determine both pretreatment and post-treatment insect levels. In the second test, the pretreatment count was based on a single -50-sweep sample/plot while the 2 post-treatment counts were based on single 100-sweep samples/plot.
Fescue, Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1982
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Kirfman G.W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted near Alton, MO on ca 13-in fescue. Insecticide sprays were applied on Aug 10 to 60 x 60 ft plots with 4 replications. Grasshoppers were late instar nymphs and adult meadow grasshoppers (80%) and redlegged grasshoppers (20%). Sprays were applied at 20 gpa and 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles on a 20-ft spray boom. Evaluations were obtained at 48 h post treatment by taking 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-in sweep net. The temperature at treatment was 83°F. The data were transformed by X + 0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Lesser C0Nstalk Borer Larvae in Sorghum, 1982
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three tests evaluated the effectiveness of various rates and formulations of chlorpyrifos in preventing damage to seedling sorghum by lesser cornstalk borer larvae. All tests were planted by conventional tillage methods in a Cecil loamy clay soil. Tests 1 and 2 were planted behind wheat on Jun 16 and 23, respectively. Test 3 was planted on Sep 7 following sweet corn. Insecticides were applied immediately after planting. Sprays were directed over the rows with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 370 1/ha at 2.0-2.2 kg/cm2. Granules were applied over the rows in a 16-18 cm band with a 2-wheeled hand-pulled applicator. A simulated chain drag was used to incorporate materials into the soil. Plots were 6.1 m x 5 rows (91-cm row spacing) and were separated by 2 untreated rows and 1-m alleys. Treatments were replicated 4X in a RCB design in all 3 tests. Control was assessed by examining 50-60 randomly selected plants/plot for lesser cornstalk borer damage 3 wk after treatment. These data were converted to percentage values and transformed (arcsin) before analysis.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Sorghum Midge, 1982
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Funk’s G522DR’ was planted on Jun 23 in a Cecil loamy clay soil type in Pike Co, GA. Plots were 6.1 m x 2 rows (91 cm row spacing) and were separated by 2 untreated rows and 1-m alleys. Insecticides were applied with a CO, backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 g/acre at 28-31 psi. The 1st application was made on Aug 16 when the crop was at 10-15% bloom and ca 2.7 midge adults/head were observed. A 2nd application followed 3 days later. Effectiveness of midge control was evaluated on Sep 27 by visually rating (09) damage on 20 randomly selected heads in each plot. Residual effects of these sprays on Lepidopteran populations attacking grain heads were determined by counting larvae obtained by shaking 10 randomly selected heads/plot into a bucket. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design.
Bean Leaf Beetle and Stink Bug control in Soybean, 1982
Authors: Deighan John , McPherson Robert M. , Ferguson Holly J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated to determine their effects on bean leaf beetle, brown stink bug, green stink bug, and spiders. Insecticides were applied Sep 24 on ‘Bay’ soybeans on the E.F. Chandler Farm in Westmoreland Co near Montross, VA. Plots consisted of 6 rows, 25 ft long, with a 3-ft row spacing. A randomized block design with 3 replications was used. The insecticides were applied with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 29 gal/acre total spray volume. Treatments were evaluated at 1, 4, and 7 days after treatment by comparing the number of total stink bugs, bean leaf beetles, and spiders captured in a 38-cm diameter sweep net using 30 sweeps per sample.
Efficacy of Cymbush for Stinkbug Control on Soybean, Small-Plot Field Trial, Marmande Farm, Theriot, Louisiana, 1981
Authors: Hensley S.D. , Finger C.K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experimental design was used with treatments replicated 6 times. Individual plots were 12 rows spaced 3 ft apart x 36 ft (0.03 acre). Treatments consisted of an untreated control and Cymbush (Cypermethrin) applied at 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 lb ai/acre, respectively. A single foliar spray application of each Cymbush concentrate with applied broadcast at 30 lb psi Oct 8 with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 17 gal of finished formulation/acre. Counts of stinkbugs present were obtained 24 and 120 h later by sampling 12 row-ft in each plot. A 3 ft2 drop cloth was placed on the soil surface between 2 soybean rows; the adjacent plants were shaken and all stinkbugs falling on the cloth were counted. This procedure was repeated twice in individual plots. Counts were obtained for the numbers of southern green stinkbugs present/plot. However, counts were combined for the brown and dusky stinkbug complex (Euschistus spp.). This test was conducted in a field of soybean that had reached the advanced stage of foliage senescence and the hard dough (R8) stage of bean maturity.
Soybean Looper Control on Soybean, 1982
Authors: Luttrell R.G. , Bell Mike , Conley Jim , Wofford J.T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small plot studies were conducted in 1982 to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides for control of soybean looper. Treatments in the first study, Test 1, were made on Aug 27 against an increasing population of soybean looper (predominantly early stage larvae) in Washington Co, MS. Test 2 was initiated on Sep 9 against a declining population of soybean looper (predominantly late instar larvae) in soybean plots on the Plant Science Research Farm at Mississippi State University. Both studies were planted in early Jun. Plots were 2 rows (0.9 m/row) x 30.4 m, arranged in randomized complete blocks with 4 replicates. Two rows were used as a buffer zone between plots. Treatments in Test 1 were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 70.5 1/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2 of pressure. The sprayer was equipped with 2 TX-4 nozzleS/row. Treatments in Test 2 were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer powered by compressed air. Applications were made either as high volume (60.7 1/ha) sprays using hollow cone nozzles and water as a carrier, or low volume (13.0 1/ha) sprays using Micromax spinning disc nozzles and refined soybean oil as a carrier. Pre- and post treatment counts were made in both studies by making 10 sweeps with a 38-cm diameter sweep net. Mean pretreatment infestation levels were 25 larvae/10 sweeps in Test 1 and 17 larvae/10 sweeps in Test 2.
Potato Leafhopper Control by Counter in Soybean, 1982
Authors: Ostlie K.R. , Higley L.G. , Buntin G.D. , Pedigo L.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy of Counter 15G against the potato leafhopper (PLH) was evaluated near Ames, IA. Counter was applied by 3 methods (in-furrow, deep-furrow, and side-dress) to susceptible glabrous and resistant pubescent isolines of var Clark soybeans. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots measured 40 ft x 4 rows (30 in centers). Plots were planted on Jun 4. Plants emerged on Jun 11 and side-dress treatments were applied 22-days postemergence. Adults were sampled with a D-Vac vacuum insect sampler (1 ft2 cone) with 8 subsamples/plot at 18, 32, 49, and 68-days postemergence, which corresponded with the 1-trifoliate, 4-trifol iate, beginning bloom, and full pod stages, respectively. PLH nymphs were sampled on the last 3 sample dates by taking two 2 row-ft shake-samples/plot. PHL abundance was converted to numbers/m2 of leaf area.
Control of Small, Medium and Large Corn Earworms and Soybean Loopers on Soybeans in Alabama, 1982
Authors: Rohlfs W.M. , Walker L. , Mack T.P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on soybeans planted in sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn Univ., Tallassee, AL. Fourteen treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each of the .012-acre plots was 4 rows wide (40-in row spacing) and 38 ft long. Treatments were applied on Aug 16 with a CO2-pressurized sprayer equipped with 3 D-2 nozzles per row operating at 25 psi and delivering 18 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3 ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Larvae were identified and assigned a classification of small, medium or large. They were then counted and recorded. Two samples from each plot were taken prespray (Aug 16) and 24 h and 72 h post spray (Aug 17 and 19). Only 2 of 4 blocks were sampled at the 24 h count due to rain. Lannate treated plots were not sampled at all on this date.
Corn Earworm Control on Soybean, 1982
Authors: Sullivan M.J. , Chapin J.W. , Turnipseed S.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated to determine efficacy on corn earworm in soybean. Materials were applied as foliar sprays Jul 28 with a handpump B*G knapsack sprayer at 50 psi delivering 7.75 gal/acre. Plots consisted of 8 rows, 30 ft long with the middle 6 sprayed. A randomized complete block experimental design with 4 reps was utilized. Treatments were evaluated 5 days following application by taking two 1-m shake cloth samples from each plot.
Field Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides in Kentucky, 1980
Authors: Jones G.A. , Knipper E. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco was transplanted in silt loam soil on Jun 12 at Northfarm, Lexington. Spacing was 18 in between plants and 42 in between rows. Prior to the foliar application, 25-ft-long single-row plots with an untreated guard row on each side were established in randomized block design replicated 3 times. Twenty insecticides were applied Jul 30 with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 25 gal/acre at 40 psi, through 2 hollow-cone nozzles. Counts were taken on 5 plants in the center of each plot row for the tobacco flea beetle and the apterous green peach aphid 2 days after application.