bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrelating differences in structural and functional connectivity in the older adult's brain
Authors: Stumme Johanna , Krämer Camilla , Miller Tatiana , Schreiber Jan , Caspers Svenja , Jockwitz Christiane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the normal aging process, the functional connectome restructures and shows a shift from more segregated to more integrated brain networks, which manifests itself in highly different cognitive performances in older adults. Underpinnings of this reorganization are not fully understood, but may be related to age‐related differences in structural connectivity, the underlying scaffold for information exchange between regions. The structure–function relationship might be a promising factor to understand the neurobiological sources of interindividual cognitive variability, but remain unclear in older adults. Here, we used diffusion weighted and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as cognitive performance data of 573 older subjects from the 1000BRAINS cohort (55–85 years, 287 males) and performed a partial least square regression on 400 regional functional and structural connectivity (FC and SC, respectively) estimates comprising seven resting‐state networks. Our aim was to identify FC and SC patterns that are, together with cognitive performance, characteristic of the older adults aging process. Results revealed three different aging profiles prevalent in older adults. FC was found to behave differently depending on the severity of age‐related SC deteriorations. A functionally highly interconnected system is associated with a structural connectome that shows only minor age‐related decreases. Because this connectivity profile was associated with the most severe age‐related cognitive decline, a more interconnected FC system in older adults points to a process of dedifferentiation. Thus, functional network integration appears to increase primarily when SC begins to decline, but this does not appear to mitigate the decline in cognitive performance.
Association between body composition and survival in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Zhuang Bing , Xiao Shaowen , Zhang Lichuan , Wang Yujie , Zhang Tong , Jin Shuai , Jin Sanli , Huang Zhou , Zhao Dan , Gong Liqing , Liu Weixin , Xu Xiaolong , Zheng Baomin , Sun Yan , Lu Qian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBody composition may influence the prognosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. To find out the most crucial factors in this relationship, we explored the association between body composition and survival.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal study, HNC patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT) from March 2017 to December 2018 were recruited. The association between body composition and survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsFinal analysis included 316 patients, with a median follow‐up of 34.4 months. Multivariable analysis revealed that weight loss 6 months before RT and body composition changes during RT did not affect the survival outcome. However, patients with low appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) before RT exhibited poor overall survival (OS). ASMI before RT was an independent prognostic factor for OS.ConclusionsBody composition loss was common during RT, and ASMI before RT independently influenced the survival outcomes of HNC patients.
The management of metastatic neck nodes following induction chemotherapy in N2/3 classification hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Feiran , Hsueh Chiyao , Gong Hongli , Zhu Yi , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang , Wang Shengzi , Zhang Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor patients with less chemosensitive neck nodes, poor prognosis after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) could be predicted and neck dissection is needed.MethodsNinety‐two N2/3 hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients were retrospectively studied. According to response after induction chemotherapy (ICT), patients were treated with neck dissection followed by concurrent CRT (CCRT) (group 1), surgery plus postoperative CRT (group 2), or CCRT for primary and regional sites (group 3).ResultsOverall survival and disease‐free survival rates of group 1 were significantly higher than group 2 (p = 0.038, p = 0.031) and group 3 (both p = 0.018). Regional control rate of group 1 was significantly higher than group 3 (p = 0.041). There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 regarding local and regional control (p = 0.746, p = 0.302).ConclusionsNeck dissection followed by CCRT is the best choice for patients with responsive primary but nonresponsive nodes.
Induction chemotherapy of modified docetaxel, cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil for laryngeal preservation in locally advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Ruichen , Ye Lulu , Zhu Yi , Ding Hao , Wang Shengzi , Ying Hongmei , Wu Chunping , Zhou Liang , Wang Xiaoshen , Tian Shu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have investigated the value of induction chemotherapy (IC) in organ preservation strategies for head and neck cancers. This study evaluated the effectiveness of sequential IC with radiotherapy as a laryngeal preservation strategy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma (LAHSCC).MethodsOne hundred and forty‐two consecutive patients with LAHSCC were retrospectively analyzed who received three IC regimens from 2015 to 2019.ResultsIn the TP (docetaxel plus cisplatin), TPF (TP plus 5‐fluorouracil), and TPX (TP plus capecitabine) IC groups, there were 51, 29, and 62 patients, respectively. The primary tumor objective response rates were 51%, 55.2%, and 71%, and the 3‐year survival rates with preserved larynx were 36.6%, 31.8%, and 51.2%, respectively (p = 0.03). There was no difference in overall survival and the adverse events were tolerable.ConclusionsThe TPX regimen displayed good efficacy and safety, indicating its potential as a therapeutic IC regimen for LAHSCC.
Patient requests for radiological services: An Australian study of patient agency and the impact of online health information
Authors: De Silva Lizzie , Baysari Melissa , Keep Melanie , Kench Peter , Clarke Jillian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedThe Internet has been instrumental in patients' knowledge about health and medicine through increasing consultation of online sources that advocate self‐management. For example, those patients who request referrals from their doctors for tests and procedures in radiology. Such patient‐initiated referral requests can devolutionise the traditional model of health care. This study aimed to understand individuals who sought online health information (OHI) and whether requests for radiological referrals were the result of OHI seeking.MethodsThe individuals targeted were those who have had a radiological procedure in the past 5 years.Using an online survey tool, individuals completed a 20‐min anonymous survey. Included in the survey was a validated digital health literacy measurement scale, eHEALS.ResultsThose who scored higher on the eHEALS measure were likely to be under 55 years of age and were more inclined to request radiological referrals. Though they were not concerned with the credibility of sourced websites, most secured the desired outcome from their requests.ConclusionOverall, this study indicates that patients are consulting online sites for health information, and individuals with higher digital literacy scores are asking doctors for referrals for radiological tests and procedures. These findings confirm our anecdotal experience in radiology departments. So what?: In conducting this study, we hope to better inform radiology and other health practitioners of the way OHI is impacting clinical practice.
On shaky grounds: Peer victimization predicts friendship instability across the ninth grade school year
Authors: Ehrhardt Alexandra D. , Hoffman Adam J. , Schacter Hannah L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlthough prior research has considered how friendship quality or quantity influence peer victimization risk and vice versa, considerably less is known about how friendship instability (i.e., high levels of friend turnover) and peer victimization may be related to each other across time.MethodsSurvey data were collected from 9th grade students (N = 388; Mage = 14.05; 60.60% female; 35.8% male; 1.8% non‐binary; 1.9% trans/unsure/something else) across 3‐month intervals spanning one school year. Using cross‐lagged panel modeling, this study investigated cross‐lagged longitudinal associations between friendship instability and peer victimization utilizing three waves of data collected across one academic year.ResultsAdolescents experiencing greater peer victimization at the beginning of the school year were more likely to experience friendship instability by the end of the school year. However, friendship instability at the beginning of the school year was unrelated to subsequent peer victimization.ConclusionPeer victimized adolescents are less likely than their nonvictimized peers to maintain stable friendships over time. Findings suggest that adolescents who are victimized by peers after transitioning to high school may have difficulty maintaining friendships.
Biological evaluation and in silico study of benzohydrazide derivatives as paraoxonase 1 inhibitors
Authors: Korkmaz Işıl Nihan , Türkeş Cüneyt , Demir Yeliz , Öztekin Aykut , Özdemir Hasan , Beydemir Şükrü 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSerum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is found in all mammalian species and is a calcium‐dependent hydrolytic enzyme. PON1 hydrolyze several substrates, including carbonates, esters, and organophosphates. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the presynthesized benzohydrazide derivatives (1–9) on PON1 activity. Benzohydrazide compounds moderate inhibited PON1 with the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 76.04 ± 13.51 to 221.70 ± 13.59 μM and KI values ranging from 38.75 ± 12.21 to 543.50 ± 69.76 μM. Compound 4 (2‐amino‐4‐chlorobenzohydrazide) showed the best inhibition (KI = 38.75 ± 12.21 μM). Molecular docking and ADME‐Tox studies of benzohydrazide derivatives were also carried out. In this context, we hope that the results obtained in this study contribute to the determination of the side effects of current and new benzohydrazide‐based pharmacological compounds to be developed.
The diagnostic model for early detection of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chong Huimin , Li Jinmi , Chen Caigui , Wang Wan , Liao Dan , Zhang Kejun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational diabetic nephropathy (GDN) have become an increasingly serious problem worldwide, which can cause a large number of adverse pregnancy consequences for mothers and infants. However, the diagnosis of GDM and GDN remains a challenge due to the lack of optimal biomarkers, and the examination has high requirements for patient compliance. We aimed to establish a simple early diagnostic model for GDM and GDN.MethodsWe recruited 50 healthy pregnant (HP), 99 GDM patients, 99 GDN patients at Daping Hospital. Renal function indicators and blood cell indicators were collected for all patients.ResultsCompared with HP, GDM, and GDN patients exhibited significantly higher urea/creatinine ratio and NEU. The diagnostic model1 based on the combination of urea/creatinine ratio and NEU was built using logistic regression. Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of the diagnostic model was 0.77 (0.7, 0.84) in distinguishing GDM from HP, and the AUC of the diagnostic model was 0.94 (0.9, 0.97) in distinguishing GDN from HP. Meanwhile, the diagnostic model2 based on the combination of β2‐mG, PLT, and NEU in GDM and GDN patients was built using logistic regression, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC) was 0.79 (0.73, 0.85), which was larger than the individual biomarker AUC.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the diagnostic model established by the combination of renal function indicators and blood cell indicators could facilitate the differential diagnosis of GDM and GDN patients.
The forelimbs of Alvarezsauroidea (Dinosauria: Theropoda): Insight from evolutionary teratology
Authors: Guinard Geoffrey 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlvarezsauroidea (Tetanurae) are nonavian theropod dinosaurs whose forelimb evolution is characterised by the overdevelopment of digit I, at the expense of the other two digits, complemented by a drastic forelimb shortening in derived species (Parvicursorinae). These variations are recognised as evolutionary developmental anomalies. Evolutionary teratology hence leads to a double diagnosis with (1) macrodactyly of digit I and microdactyly of digits II and III, plus (2) anterior micromelia. The teratological macrodactyly/microdactyly coupling evolved first. Developmental mechanisms disturbing limb proportion are thought to be convergent with those of other Tetanurae (Tyrannosauridae, Carcharodontosauridae). As for the manual anomalies, both are specific to Alvarezsauroidea (macrodactyly/microdactyly) and inherited (digit loss/reduction). While considering the frame‐shift theory, posterior digits develop before the most anterior ones. There would therefore be a decrease in the area devoted to digits II (condensation 3) and III (condensation 4), in connection with the Shh signalling pathway, interacting with other molecular players such as the GLI3 protein and the Hox system. Developmental independence of digit I (condensation 2) would contribute to generating a particular morphology. Macrodactyly would be linked to a variation in Hoxd‐13, impacting Gli3 activity, and increasing cell proliferation. The loss/reduction of digital ray/phalanges (digits II and III), would be associated with Shh activity, a mechanism inherited from the theropodan ancestry. The macrodactyly/microdactyly coupling, and then anterior micromelia, fundamentally changed the forelimb mechanical function, compared to the ‘classical’ grasping structure of basal representatives and other theropods. The distal ossification of the macrodactylian digit has been identified as physiological, implying the use of the structure. However, the debate on a particular ‘adaptive’ use is pointless as the ecology of an organism is interactively complex, being both at the scale of the individual and dependent on circumstances. Other anatomical features also allow for compensation and different predation (cursorial hindlimbs).
Branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb
Authors: Vanhoof Marie J. M. , Wagemans Colette , van Leeuwen Timo , Vereecke Evie E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the branching patterns of the vascularization and innervation of the primate forelimb by performing detailed dissections of five unembalmed nonhuman primate specimens belonging to five different species, that is, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), white‐handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and bonobo (Pan paniscus). Results are compared with five embalmed human specimens (Homo sapiens), and anatomical data of previous studies on nonhuman primates are also included to provide a broader comparative framework. The results show that the overall configuration of the forelimb blood vessels and nerves of the different primate species is similar, although some apparent interspecific differences are found. In all nonhuman primates, in contrast to humans, the superficial vena basilica is absent. Moreover, in gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo, the superficial vena cephalica is confined to the forearm. In humans, both an arteria interossea anterior and posterior are present, while in nonhuman primates, only an arteria interossea anterior is present, which migrates to the posterior side at the level of the musculus pronator quadratus. For the innervation, the nervus (n.) medianus and n. ulnaris connect in the forearm of the gorilla and macaque. In the gibbon, the brachial plexus shows some differences in the branching pattern at the fasciculus level compared to the other primates. We conclude that the forelimb innervation branching pattern shows some minor differences between the nonhuman primate species, compared to higher plasticity in the vascularization. However, the exact functional implications of these differences still remain unclear. Therefore, more research on a broader range of primate species and sampling more specimens for each taxon are needed.
SCAR marker: A potential tool for authentication of agriculturally important microorganisms
Authors: Ambreetha Sakthivel , Balachandar Dananjeyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrobial inoculants are globally recommended for plant growth promotion and control of plant pathogens. These inoculants require stringent quality checks for sustainable field efficacy. Questionable regulatory frameworks constantly deteriorate the reliability of bio‐inoculant technology. Existing global regulations do not involve any rapid molecular technique for the routine inspection of microbial preparations. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker offers rapid and precise strain‐level authentication of target microbes. Such advanced molecular techniques must be exploited to accurately validate the microbial formulations. Besides, the global dissemination of plant pathogenic microbes has always been an alarming threat to food security. SCAR markers could be used at the plant quarantine centers to rapidly detect catastrophic pathogens, thereby circumventing the import and export of contagious plant materials. The current review is focused on promoting the SCAR marker technology to validate commercial bio‐inoculants and predict plant pandemics.
Climatic characteristics of Tibetan Plateau vortex precipitation based on observations
Authors: Li Lun , Zhang Renhe , Jia Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) are important rainfall producers generated over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which can move off the TP under certain conditions. The TPVs greatly affect both local and downstream rainfall, but the characteristics of TPV precipitation are not yet fully understood. Accordingly, the climatic characteristics of TPV precipitation during May–August of 1998–2018 are explored in this work from multiple aspects, based on observational TPV and precipitation data sets. Generally, maximums of precipitation amount are observed over the eastern TP and in Sichuan Basin, and the TPVs contribute more than 40% of the precipitation in certain areas within the TP. For the TPVs located over the TP, the precipitation is distributed zonally with a relatively small intensity; for the TPVs beyond the TP, the associated precipitation is distributed in the southwest–northeast direction with a larger intensity. TPVs tend to be responsible for intense rainfall, that is, heavy and torrential rainfalls, and are suggested to be the major intense rainfall producers at certain stations over and downstream from the TP. Meanwhile, TPV precipitation exhibit distinctive features in separate month, for example, TPV precipitation account for the largest percentage of the total precipitation in June and the smallest in August; more than half, even 75% of the torrential rain days downstream from the TP in Sichuan Basin and the regions around 35°N in central and eastern China in May, and in the regions over the TP and its eastern flank in June, July and August are attributed to TPVs.
Feasibility of antimicrobial stewardship ward rounds on surgical wards led by a junior pharmacist
Authors: Jeffrey Emma , Duffy Eamon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is essential to preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials by slowing the development of resistance. AMS ward rounds are a well‐described methodology for optimising and ensuring judicious use of antimicrobials. Pharmacists are valuable members of AMS teams because they possess skills and knowledge that can be used to optimise antimicrobial prescribing. Pharmacists often practice in AMS roles without formal training in this area.AimTo identify a method which yields the highest number of patients for review, to assess the types of recommendations commonly made, and to assess the rate of uptake of these recommendations, as made by a junior pharmacist.MethodThe investigation was carried out at Auckland City Hospital in Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand, over nine weeks between December 2020 and February 2021. Three different methods were utilised for patient identification: automated dispensing reports, pharmacist referral, and random medical record review.ResultsApproximately 20 hours were spent and 293 patient records reviewed. Of these, 103 patients had a prescribed antimicrobial which met the criteria for review, 52 recommendations were made, and 35 (67%) of these were actioned by the primary medical team. The medical record review yielded the highest number of patients for review, followed by automated reports, then pharmacist referral. Of the 52 recommendations, the most commonly made recommendation was to stop unnecessary antimicrobials (n = 26), followed by optimising the dosing regimen (n = 9), and intravenous‐to‐oral switch (n = 7).ConclusionsThe medical record review identified the highest number of patients for review. The high uptake of recommendations suggests that pharmacists do not need extensive training in AMS to achieve successful outcomes.
Advances in DNA Supramolecular Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chen Chun , Zhou Jiaying , Chen Jie , Liu Huajie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a biological macromolecule that plays a genetic role in cells. DNA molecules with specific recognition, self‐assembly capabilities, and sequence programmability have become an excellent construction material for micro‐ and nanostructures. Based on DNA self‐assembly technology, a series of molecular devices and materials are constructed. Among them, DNA hydrogels with the advantages of good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and containing designable stimuli‐responsive units have attracted much attention. This review introduces the formation strategy of DNA supramolecular hydrogels, and focuses on its applications in tissue engineering, including cell encapsulation, cell culture, cell capture and release, wound dressings, and tissue growth. The unique properties and application prospects of DNA supramolecular hydrogels in tissue engineering are also discussed.
Solid State Orientation of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates
Authors: Innes James R. , Shriky Bana , Spencer Paul , Allan Steve , Thompson Glen , Wang Xiaolei , Coates Phil , Whiteside Ben , Benkreira Hadj , Caton‐Rose Phil , Lu Canhui , Wang Qi , Kelly Adrian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDie drawing has been used to produce polymeric products with superior mechanical properties by orientation of polymer chains. Although this process has been studied for a variety of thermoplastics and composites, there are no current publications exploring its efficacy to enhance thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). TPVs combine the elasticity and high elongation at break of thermosets while maintaining the processability of a thermoplastic. For the first time, TPVs are die drawn and the effect upon their mechanical and thermal properties is investigated. TPVs based upon ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP) as well as ground tyre rubber (GTR) and PP are prepared by dynamic vulcanization using a twin‐screw extruder. In all cases, die drawing leads to an increase in tensile strength and modulus of the material along the drawing direction, often at the cost of elongation at break. At a draw ratio of 2, EPDM/PP TPVs exceed the strength and modulus of neat polypropylene whilst maintaining an elongation at break in excess of 200%. For EPDM/PP, tensile strength increases from ≈21 MPa to over 90 MPa using a draw ratio of 4, whilst for GTR/PP this increases from ≈15 to ≈57 MPa.