bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of the central European steppe flora: insights from palaeodistribution modelling and migration simulations
Authors: Divíšek Jan , Večeřa Martin , Welk Erik , Danihelka Jiří , Chytrý Kryštof , Douda Jan , Chytrý Milan 
Published: October 2022

The biogeographic origin of the species‐rich steppe grasslands in central Europe has long been debated. The alternative hypotheses are long‐term species persistence in situ versus immigration from the south‐east, either after the last glacial maximum (LGM) or after the Neolithic landscape deforestation. We ask whether macroclimate‐based models of habitat suitability support either of these hypotheses and search for macroclimatically suitable ‘source areas' from which species could colonise the areas occupied in Europe today. We modelled habitat suitability for 104 species of the central European steppes and projected these models to 10 periods between the LGM and the present using downscaled CCSM3 simulations. By simulating postglacial migration, we identified potential source areas for each species in the LGM and mid‐Holocene and examined whether their location differed among three ecological and five chorological species groups.The central European macroclimate during the cold phases of the Late Pleistocene was suitable for species now typical of Asian desert steppes, whereas the warmer Bølling–Allerød and Holocene macroclimates supported the occurrence of present‐day central European steppe flora. The models suggest that the LGM source areas of these species ranged from south‐eastern France through the Adriatic region and the Balkan Peninsula to the Black‐Sea region but extended to central Europe in the mid‐Holocene. Their locations differed considerably among ecological and chorological groups in both periods. Therefore, our models support the hypothesis that during the Pleistocene cold periods, the largest populations of these species occurred in southern and south‐eastern Europe and some of them may have later colonised central Europe. If some populations occurred in central Europe during the LGM, as suggested by recent genetic analyses, they were likely restricted to microrefugia embedded in the landscape matrix of species‐poor cold steppe. The precipitation‐rich mid‐Holocene climate had no direct negative impact on the central European steppe flora.
Local environmental conditions influence species replacement in Great Lakes interdunal wetland macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Stewart Nicole A. , Schriever Tiffany A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Understanding the role of environmental filtering and spatial processes along environmental gradients in assembling and maintaining aquatic communities in rare habitats is crucial for land management and biological conservation. We investigated the relative roles of environmental and spatial factors influencing beta (β) diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in 36 interdunal wetlands from five freshwater sand dune areas across two ecoregions spanning the latitudinal gradient of Lake Michigan. We hypothesised that aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and composition would vary along the coastline because of an underlying environmental gradient. We predicted high species replacement correlated with environmental (local and regional) conditions and increasing species diversity with decreasing latitude.

We calculated sample completeness, obtained diversity estimates based on Hill numbers and used abundance‐based β partitioning and multivariate analysis to examine β diversity, and its replacement and nestedness components in relation to local and regional predictors.

Despite a short latitudinal gradient, we detected a significant increase in species richness with decreasing latitude, underpinned by a strong temperature and precipitation gradient. Species replacement (balanced variation in abundance) was high at all spatial scales (wetland, dune area, ecoregion and coastline), and correlated with local and regional environmental variables.

Community dissimilarity showed no marked increase with spatial extent, which suggests a system where local‐scale environmental filtering prevents dispersal driven homogenisation. Both local and bioclimatic factors were correlated with aquatic macroinvertebrate dissimilarity, but local factors played a larger role.

This study simultaneously examined the response of alpha and β diversity to geographical and environmental variables. Our results indicate that macroinvertebrates respond to abiotic factors by tracking suitable environmental conditions among locally variable interdunal wetlands. Thus, high dispersal along the coastline conveys resiliency to a hydrologically dynamic wetland system, which allows aquatic macroinvertebrates to contribute an integral portion of sand dune biodiversity within the Laurentian Great Lakes region. The high species turnover found suggests that conservation strategies should consider coastline connectivity among dune areas to maintain freshwater biodiversity.
Characteristics of complex cases of community‐dwelling older people with cognitive impairment: A classification and its relationships to clinical stages of dementia
Authors: Ito Kae , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Shuji , Ogisawa Fumiko , Awata Shuichi 
Published: October 2022

AimOlder people with severe and complex needs are a major challenge in the realm of community health. However, despite the importance of the issue there is a lack of knowledge regarding complex cases of community‐dwelling older people with cognitive impairment (hereafter referred to as “complex cases”). The first aim of this study was to develop a framework for the comprehensive assessment and analysis of the issues faced by complex cases. The second aim was to identify the relationships between these issues and the clinical stages of dementia using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).MethodsA consecutive case series study was conducted using the records of 293 cases in municipal psychogeriatric services. Descriptions regarding the issues faced by complex cases were extracted from the case records and categorized. Next, trends according to CDR were analyzed. The association between each category and the CDR was then examined by multivariate analysis.ResultsThe issues faced by complex cases were categorized into five categories: A, Mental Health Issues; B, Physical Health Issues; C, Family Issues; D, Issues of Neighborhood Communication; and E, Financial Issue. The higher the CDR score, the higher the frequency of categories C and E, the lower the frequency of category A, and the more categories each case faced. After adjusting for possible confounders, CDRs were associated with the categories of issues faced by complex cases.ConclusionsThe analytical framework developed in the present study will help in the categorization of the complexity of complex cases and the development of intervention strategies. In addition, by incorporating the perspective of the clinical stage of dementia, more effective support can be provided. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 997–1004.
Working in unprecedented times: Intersectionality and women of color in UK higher education in and beyond the pandemic
Authors: Blell Mwenza , Liu Shan‐Jan Sarah , Verma Audrey 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and inequities. Injustices within the labor market mean that the lives particularly of women of color have been negatively affected by the crisis in multiple ways. Guided by standpoint epistemology, we take an intersectional approach and use autoethnographic methods in which we draw on our personal experiences within the United Kingdom's higher education institutions during the pandemic. We illustrate how institutional decisions, approaches, and policies enacted in the wake of COVID‐19 exacerbate inequalities and inequities. Three themes stand out from our experiences: (1) meritocracy and the problem of cumulative (dis)advantage, (2) the lack of racial awareness in management decisions, and (3) the operations of power and silencing. We show that universities justify decisions by deploying discourses of meritocracy and ignoring context and the ways women of color staff are persistently disadvantaged due to structural racism and sexism. We find that universities are likely to indicate that their response policies treat all staff absolutely equally without candidly assessing the intersectional impacts of the pandemic on minority staff, which consequently prevent the achievement of equity. We also describe the ways in which the pandemic exposes cultures of institutional silence and silencing when women of color speak up. We conclude with glimpses of hope for resisting the downward pressures of the pandemic crisis toward cultivating more equitable futures.
Comparison of the efficiency between electrocardiogram and echocardiogram for left ventricular hypertrophy evaluation in patients with hypertension: Insight from the Korean Hypertension Cohort Study
Authors: Park Bo Eun , Lee Jang Hoon , Jang Se Yong , Lee Hae‐Young , Lee Ju‐Yeon , Shin Ho‐Gyun , Park Kyun‐Ik , Lee Seung‐Pyo , Lee Hee‐Sun , Kim Kwang‐Il , Kang Si‐Hyuck , Lee Ju‐Hee , Kim Kye Hun , Cho Jae Yeong , Park Jae‐Hyeong , Park Sue K. , Bak Jean Kyung , Lee Jin Young 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn patients with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and asymptomatic organ damage. Currently, electrocardiography (ECG) and two‐dimensional echocardiography (Echo) are the most widely used methods for LVH evaluation. This study aimed to compare the long‐term outcomes of LVH, as evaluated by ECG and Echo, in patients with hypertension. Patients diagnosed with hypertension as a primary disease between 2006 and 2011 were enrolled in the Korean Hypertension Cohort study. The study finally included 1743 patients who underwent both ECG and Echo. The primary endpoint was defined as the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) or death. Overall, LVH was identified in 747 patients. The patients were categorized into four groups according to the detection of LVH by ECG or Echo: No LVH (n = 996), LVH diagnosed by ECG alone (n = 181), LVH diagnosed by Echo alone (n = 415), LVH diagnosed by both ECG and Echo (n = 151). After adjusting for variables, the incidence of MACEs or death was significantly greater in patients with LVH diagnosed by ECG alone (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.35; P = .001), LVH diagnosed by Echo alone (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.16–2.05; P = .002), and LVH diagnosed by both ECG and Echo (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.18–2.94; P = .002) than in those with no LVH. Both ECG and Echo are efficient diagnostic tools for LVH and useful for long‐term risk stratification. Additional Echo evaluation for LVH is helpful for predicting long‐term outcomes only in patients without LVH diagnosis by ECG.
Environmental attitudes and fertility desires among US adolescents from 2005–2019
Authors: Rackin Heather M. , Gemmill Alison , Hartnett Caroline Sten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis brief report examines links between environmental attitudes and fertility desires over time in the United States.BackgroundTo understand fertility decision making, it is important to identify factors that influence fertility desires. Concerns about environmental problems may be associated with lower desired fertility, especially in recent cohorts transitioning to adulthood. Youth may feel that having one less child can reduce their “carbon footprint” or may be unwilling to bring children into an uncertain and difficult future due to climate change.MethodData are from 12th graders in the Monitoring the Future study (2005–2019; N = 34,104). Regression is used to examine the relationship between number of children wanted and agreement that the government should deal with environmental problems even if it means paying more taxes.ResultsThose who endorsed that government should deal with environmental problems reported lower average fertility desires than those who did not. The association was driven by a decreased desire for large families (four or more children) rather than normatively sized families (2–3 children). Political identity and religiosity attenuated but did not explain the association. There was some evidence of stronger associations in 2017–2019.ConclusionEvidence showed associations between environmental attitudes and childbearing preferences that may have strengthened over time.ImplicationsEnvironmental attitudes may be a factor in the recent decline in youth's fertility desires and could have consequences for future fertility.
Erbium laser‐assisted ceramic debonding: a scoping review
Authors: Deeb Janina Golob , Grzech‐Leśniak Kinga , Brody Erica R. , Matys Jacek , Bencharit Sompop 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeRemoval of ceramic restorations and appliances can be time consuming, invasive, and inconvenient. Erbium lasers offer an alternative noninvasive method for debonding of ceramic appliances. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of current literature on the effectiveness of erbium lasers for removal of ceramic restorations and appliances from natural teeth and dental implants.MethodsA comprehensive search of 7 databases, including Medline (Ovid), Embase, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (DOSS), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses was performed. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were agreed prior to the literature search. Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract. A third reviewer then broke the tie, if any. The selected articles then underwent full text review and the data was extracted.ResultsThe search identified 4117 unique articles published through June 10, 2021. Studies were assessed and categorized based on the type of restoration/appliance, type of abutment, type of laser, laser settings, efficacy of debonding, and pulpal temperature rise. Thirty‐eight full‐text articles were reviewed for inclusion. Time for ceramic debonding varies depending on the type of restorations and materials. Removal of zirconia crowns from teeth and implant abutments requires a longer period of time compared to lithium disilicate crowns. Temperature increases were reported as 5.5 degrees or less. Laser setting and laser type affect the debonding time and the increase in temperature. Examinations of debonded ceramics demonstrated no known structural damages resulting from laser applications.ConclusionsErbium lasers are effective noninvasive tools to remove all ceramic restorations/appliances from natural teeth and implant abutments without causing harm to abutments. Laser‐assisted debonding should be considered as a viable alternative to rotary instrumentation for ceramic crowns; however, clinical studies of erbium‐assisted ceramic retrieval are needed.
Processing of the alaW alaX operon encoding the Ala2 tRNAs in Escherichia coli requires both RNase E and RNase P
Authors: Mohanty Bijoy K. , Kushner Sidney R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe alaW alaX operon encodes the Ala2 tRNAs, one of the two alanine tRNA isotypes in Escherichia coli. Our previous RNA‐seq study showed that alaW alaX dicistronic RNA levels increased significantly in the absence of both RNase P and poly(A) polymerase I (PAP I), suggesting a role of polyadenylation in its stability. In this report, we show that RNase E initiates the processing of the primary alaW alaX precursor RNA by removing the Rho‐independent transcription terminator, which appears to be the rate limiting step in the separation and maturation of the Ala2 pre‐tRNAs by RNase P. Failure to separate the alaW and alaX pre‐tRNAs by RNase P leads to poly(A)‐mediated degradation of the dicistronic RNAs by polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and RNase R. Surprisingly, the thermosensitive RNase E encoded by the rne‐1 allele is highly efficient in removing the terminator (>99%) at the nonpermissive temperature suggesting a significant caveat in experiments using this allele. Together, our data present a comprehensive picture of the Ala2 tRNA processing pathway and demonstrate that unprocessed RNase P substrates are degraded via a poly(A) mediated decay pathway.
Robust methylation‐based classification of brain tumours using nanopore sequencing
Authors: Kuschel Luis P. , Hench Jürgen , Frank Stephan , Hench Ivana Bratic , Girard Elodie , Blanluet Maud , Masliah‐Planchon Julien , Misch Martin , Onken Julia , Czabanka Marcus , Yuan Dongsheng , Lukassen Sören , Karau Philipp , Ishaque Naveed , Hain Elisabeth G. , Heppner Frank , Idbaih Ahmed , Behr Nikolaus , Harms Christoph , Capper David , Euskirchen Philipp 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDNA methylation‐based classification of cancer provides a comprehensive molecular approach to diagnose tumours. In fact, DNA methylation profiling of human brain tumours already profoundly impacts clinical neuro‐oncology. However, current implementation using hybridisation microarrays is time consuming and costly. We recently reported on shallow nanopore whole‐genome sequencing for rapid and cost‐effective generation of genome‐wide 5‐methylcytosine profiles as input to supervised classification. Here, we demonstrate that this approach allows us to discriminate a wide spectrum of primary brain tumours.ResultsUsing public reference data of 82 distinct tumour entities, we performed nanopore genome sequencing on 382 tissue samples covering 46 brain tumour (sub)types. Using bootstrap sampling in a cohort of 55 cases, we found that a minimum set of 1000 random CpG features is sufficient for high‐confidence classification by ad hoc random forests. We implemented score recalibration as a confidence measure for interpretation in a clinical context and empirically determined a platform‐specific threshold in a randomly sampled discovery cohort (N = 185). Applying this cut‐off to an independent validation series (n = 184) yielded 148 classifiable cases (sensitivity 80.4%) and demonstrated 100% specificity. Cross‐lab validation demonstrated robustness with concordant results across four laboratories in 10/11 (90.9%) cases. In a prospective benchmarking (N = 15), the median time to results was 21.1 h.ConclusionsIn conclusion, nanopore sequencing allows robust and rapid methylation‐based classification across the full spectrum of brain tumours. Platform‐specific confidence scores facilitate clinical implementation for which prospective evaluation is warranted and ongoing.
G protein signaling and metabolic pathways as evolutionarily conserved mechanisms to combat calcium deficiency
Authors: Leong Richalynn , Tan Javier Jingheng , Koh Sally Shuxian , Wu Ting‐Ying , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Urano Daisuke 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Calcium (Ca) deficiency causes necrotic symptoms of foliar edges known as tipburn; however, the underlying cellular mechanisms have been poorly understood due to the lack of an ideal plant model and research platform.
Using a phenotyping system that quantitates growth and tipburn traits in the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, we evaluated metabolic compounds and the Gβ‐null mutant (gpb1) that modulate the occurrence and expansion of the tipburn. Transcriptomic comparisons between wild‐type and gpb1 plants revealed the phenylalanine/phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) important for Ca deficiency responses.
gpb1 plants reduced ROS production possibly through transcriptomic regulations of class III peroxidases and induced the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes without changing downstream lignin contents. Supplementation of intermediate metabolites and chemical inhibitors further confirmed the cell‐protective mechanisms of the phenylpropanoid and ROS pathways. Marchantia polymorpha, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Lactuca sativa showed comparable transcriptomic changes where genes related to phenylpropanoid and ROS pathways were enriched in response to Ca deficiency.
In conclusion, our study demonstrated unresolved signaling and metabolic pathways of Ca deficiency response. The phenotyping platform can speed up the discovery of chemical and genetic pathways, which could be widely conserved between M. polymorpha and angiosperms.
Evaluating the magnet response in deep subcutaneous implanted cardioverter defibrillator implants
Authors: Richman Tuppence , Stanton Tony , Fryer Michael , Dayananda Naresh , Tung Matthew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe manufacturer of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S‐ICDs) acknowledges that ‘deep implants’ may fail to elicit a magnet response, however, does not define ‘deep implant’ or recommend a maximum implant depth. This study aims to systematically evaluate the effect of subcutaneous tissue depth and magnet types on evoked magnet response.MethodsSunshine Coast University Hospital's S‐ICD cohort underwent magnet response evaluation; where bar and donut magnets were compared and the evoked magnet response was recorded in three separate zones, guided by a template. Ordinal regression (OR) models assessed the relationship between the evoked magnet response and tissue depth (TD), measured via post‐implant X‐Ray. The patient's ability to hear the magnet response audible tone was recorded.ResultsPatients (n = 39) with measurable TD (n = 30) were analyzed. The bar magnet evoked a magnet response in all zones in 53% of patients, compared with 73% of patients with the donut magnet (p = 0.18). The relationship between bar magnet response and TD showed the odds of an evoked magnet response decreased by 11% every 1 mm increase in TD (OR of 0.89, p < 0.01), whereas the donut magnet decreased by 16% per 1 mm (OR of 0.84, p < 0.01). Directly over the S‐ICD was the most effective in evoking magnet response with the bar (85% of patients), and off‐centre was most effective for the donut magnet (100%). BMI and Praetorian score were not significantly associated with magnet response. We found 23% of patients were unable to detect the audible tone.ConclusionWe observed a statistically significant association between TD and ability to evoke magnet response. The bar magnet was less reliable than the donut magnet for therapy inhibition in deep implants.
Skepticism, naturalism, pyrrhonism
Authors: Bueno Otávio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSkepticism and naturalism bear important connections with one another. Do they conflict or are they different sides of the same coin? In this paper, by considering the ways in which Sextus and Hume have examined these issues, I offer a Pyrrhonian response to Penelope Maddy's attempt to reject skepticism within the form of naturalism that she calls “second philosophy” (Maddy, 2007, 2017) and to Timothy Williamson's attempt to avoid skepticism from emerging within his knowledge‐first approach (Williamson, 2000). Some lessons about Pyrrhonism result.