bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of nitrogen deposition, grazing and land use on Danish acidic grasslands
Authors: Heltborg Winnie , Wendtland Danielsen Søren Ranum , Haugaard-Christensen Marianne , Frølund Damgaard Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that a strong interplay of land-use history may explain the weakening of the response of species richness to increased levels of nitrogen deposition in acid grasslands. In this study, we use an interpretation and grouping of crop codes from the farmers Field and Fertilizer Plan as an indicator for land use to test this hypothesis. We find that land-use, significantly, affects several indicators of the conservation status of Danish acid grasslands. The study clearly concludes that present and historical management and land-use is important for understanding the differences and changes in the conservation status of acid grassland.
Designed high-redox potential laccases exhibit high functional diversity
Authors: Barber-Zucker Shiran , Mateljak Ivan , Goldsmith Moshe , Kupervaser Meital , Alcalde Miguel , Fleishman Sarel J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhite-rot fungi secrete an impressive repertoire of high-redox potential laccases (HRPLs) and peroxidases for efficient oxidation and utilization of lignin. Laccases are attractive enzymes for green-chemistry applications due to their broad substrate range and low environmental impact. Since expression of functional recombinant HRPLs is challenging, however, iterative directed evolution protocols have been applied to improve their expression, activity and stability. We implement a rational, stabilize-and-diversify strategy to two HRPLs that we could not functionally express: first, we use the PROSS stability-design algorithm to allow functional expression in yeast. Second, we use the stabilized enzymes as starting points for FuncLib active-site design to improve their activity and substrate diversity. Four of the FuncLib designed HRPLs and their PROSS progenitor exhibit substantial diversity in reactivity profiles against high-redox potential substrates, including lignin monomers. Combinations of 3-4 subtle mutations that change the polarity, solvation and sterics of the substrate-oxidation site result in orders of magnitude changes in reactivity profiles. These stable and versatile HRPLs are a step towards the generation of an effective lignin-degrading consortium of enzymes that can be secreted from yeast. More broadly, the stabilize-and-diversify strategy can be applied to other challenging enzyme families to study and expand the utility of natural enzymes.
The neural signature of impaired inhibitory control in individuals with heroin use disorder
Authors: Ceceli Ahmet O. , King Sarah , McClain Natalie , Alia-Klein Nelly , Goldstein Rita Z. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeroin addiction imposes a devastating toll on society, with little known about its neurobiology. Excessive salience attribution to drug over non-drug cues/reinforcers, with concomitant inhibitory control decreases, are common mechanisms underlying drug addiction. While inhibitory control alterations generally culminate in prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypoactivations across drugs of abuse, patterns in individuals with heroin addiction (iHUD) remain unknown. We used a stop-signal fMRI task designed to meet recent consensus guidelines in mapping inhibitory control in 41 iHUD and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Despite group similarities in the stop-signal response time (SSRT; the classic inhibitory control measure), compared to HC, iHUD exhibited impaired target detection sensitivity (proportion of hits in go vs. false-alarms in stop trials) (p=.003). Additionally, iHUD exhibited lower anterior and dorsolateral PFC (aPFC, dlPFC) activity during successful vs. failed stops (the hallmark inhibitory control contrast). Higher dlPFC/supplementary motor area (SMA) activity was associated with faster SSRT specifically in iHUD, and higher aPFC activity with better target sensitivity across all participants (p<.05-corrected). Importantly, in iHUD, the lower the SMA and aPFC activity during inhibitory control, the shorter the time since last use and the higher the severity of dependence, respectively (p<.05-corrected). Taken together, results revealed lower perceptual sensitivity and hypoactivations during inhibitory control in cognitive control regions (e.g., aPFC, dlPFC, SMA) as associated with task performance and addiction severity measures in iHUD. Such neurobehavioral inhibitory control deficits may contribute to self-control lapses in heroin addiction, constituting targets for prevention and intervention efforts to enhance recovery.Significance statementHeroin addiction continues its deadly impact, with little known about its neurobiology. While behavioral and prefrontal cortical impairments in inhibitory control characterize addiction across drugs of abuse, these patterns have not been fully explored in heroin addiction. Here, we illustrate a significant behavioral impairment in target discrimination in individuals with heroin addiction compared to matched healthy controls. We further show lower engagement during inhibitory control in the anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (key regions that regulate cognitive control), as associated with slower stopping, worse discrimination, and addiction severity measures. Mapping the neurobiology of inhibitory control in heroin addiction for the first time, we identify potential treatment targets inclusive of prefrontal cortex-mediated cognitive control amenable for neuromodulation en route to recovery.
Investigating the mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 proteins among European countries
Authors: Abavisani Mohammad , Rahimian Karim , khayami Reza , Kodori Mansoor , Sisakht Mahsa Mollapour , Mahmanzar Mohammadamin , Meshkat Zahra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new member of the Coronaviridae family, triggering more than 190 million cases and more than two million deaths in European societies. Emerging the new variants due to mutations in genomic regions is foremost responsible for influencing the infectivity and mortality potential of such a virus. In the current study, we considered mutations among spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in the Europe continent by exploring the frequencies of mutations and the timeline of emerging them. For this purpose, Amino-acid sequences (AASs) were gathered from the GISAID database, and Mutation tracking was performed by detecting any difference between samples and a reference sequence; Wuhan-2019. In the next step, we compared the achieved results with worldwide sequences. 8.6%, 63.6%, 24.7%, and 1.7% of S, E, M, and N samples did not demonstrate any mutation among European countries. Also, the regions of 508 to 635 AA, 7 to 14 AA, 66 to 88 AA, and 164 to 205 AA in S, E, M, and N samples contained the most mutations relative to the total AASs in both Europe AASs and worldwide samples. D614G, A222V, S477N, and L18F were the first to fifth frequent mutations in S AASs among European samples, and T9I, I82T, and R203M were the first frequent mutations among E, M, and S AASs of the Europe continent. Investigating the mutations among structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 can improve the strength of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to efficient combat the virus and even maybe efficient in predicting new emerging variants of concern.
A cell-based, spike protein binding assay highlights differences in antibody neutralising capacity for SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Harrison Neale , Richardson Lauren , Pallini Chiara , Morano Ines , Jinks Elizabeth , Cowley Jamie , Chan Hujo , Hill Harriet J , de las Heras Cristina Matas , Teodosio Ana , Lavado Andrea S , Dafforn Timothy R , Grammatopoulos Dimitris K , Gordon John , Brady Catherine A , Young Lawrence S , Barnes Nicholas M , Stamataki Zania , Qureshi Omar S 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe engagement of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with ACE2 is a critical step for viral entry to human cells and accordingly blocking this interaction is a major determinant of the efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapeutics and vaccine-elicited serum antibodies. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitates the development of adaptable assays that can be applied to assess the effectiveness of therapeutics. Through testing of a range of recombinant spike proteins, we have developed a cell based, ACE2/spike protein binding assay that characterises monoclonal anti-spike protein antibodies and neutralising antibodies in donor serum. The assay uses high-content imaging to quantify cell bound spike protein fluorescence. Using spike proteins from the original ‘Wuhan’ SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as the delta and omicron variants, we identify differential blocking activity of three monoclonal antibodies directed against the spike receptor binding domain. Importantly, biological activity in the spike binding assay translated to efficacy in a SARS-CoV-2 infection assay. Hence, the spike binding assay has utility to monitor anti-spike antibodies against the major known SARS-CoV-2 variants and is readily adaptable to quantify impact of antibodies against new and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Spatial positioning robotic system for autonomous inspection of LPG tanks
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Jiyuan , Tu Chunlei , Wang Xingsong 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Automatic robots can improve the efficiency of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tank inspection and maintenance, but it is difficult to achieve high-precision spatial positioning and navigation on tank surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to develop a spatial positioning robotic system for tank inspection. The robot can accurately identify and track weld paths. The positioning system can complete robot’s spatial positioning on tank surfaces.

Design/methodology/approach
A tank inspection robot with curvature-adaptive transmission mechanisms is designed in this study. A weld path recognition method based on deep learning is proposed to accurately identify and extract weld paths. Integrated multiple sensors, the positioning system is developed to improve the robot’s spatial positioning accuracy. Experiments are conducted on a cylindrical tank to test weld seam tracking accuracy and spatial positioning performance of the robotic system. The practicality of the robotic system is then verified in field tests.

Findings
The robot can accurately identify and track weld seams with a maximum drift angle of 4° and a maximum offset distance of ±30 mm. The positioning system has excellent positioning accuracy and stability. The maximum angle and height errors are 3° and 0.08 m, respectively.

Originality/value
The positioning system can improve the autonomous performance of inspection robots and solve the problems of weld path recognition and spatial positioning. Application of the robotic system can promote the automatic inspection and maintenance of LPG tanks.
Ethical values and auditors fraud tendency perception: testing of fraud pentagon theory
Authors: Sahla Widya Ais , Ardianto Ardianto 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the fraud tendency on the perception of external auditors triggered by five components of the fraud pentagon: pressure (P), opportunity (O), rationalization (R), competence (C) and arrogance (A). In addition, ethical values (EV) are placed as a moderating variable for this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a quantitative study with a survey to external auditors around Indonesia. A moderation model for a research framework was developed to investigate the moderating role of ethical values.

Findings
The findings have shown that the five components of the fraud pentagon theory are not fully proven as triggers of fraud in the perception of external auditors. Only C and A have a significant value in influencing the perception of fraud tendency (PFT). Other findings also provide evidence that EV moderate the relationship between C and A to PFT. This shows that EV can be used as an anti-fraud strategy in the external auditor environment.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper is one of the first study that examines the fraud pentagon theory in the field of behavioral accounting. In addition, this paper contributes to the integration of ethical values as an anti-fraud strategy in the external auditor environment.
Organizational performance assessment based on psychological empowerment and employee engagement: PCA-DEA-SEM approach
Authors: Mousa Mohamed El-Sayed , Kamel Mahmoud Abdelrahman 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine performance assessment of organizational units through psychological empowerment (PE) and employee engagement (EE) approach and whether this relationship differs among efficient and inefficient organization units.

Design/methodology/approach
This study drew on merging the principal component analysis (PCA), data envelopment analysis (DEA) and partial least square-multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA) to benchmark the performance of organizational units affiliated with Zagazig University in Egypt using PE dimensions as inputs and EE as output. Besides investigating whether PE inputs have the same effect among efficient and inefficient units.

Findings
Performance assessment based on independent data showed that all the investigated organizational units are not at the same efficiency level. The results revealed that there are eight efficient units versus seven inefficient ones. Moreover, PLS-MGA results demonstrated that no significant differences concerning the impact of PE inputs on EE between efficient and inefficient units groups. Nevertheless, the effect of these inputs was slightly higher in the former.

Originality/value
Studies on EE performance in the service sector are scarce in the literature, this study is a novel contribution of exploring EE efficiency in Egypt as a developing economy. Specifically, using the PCA-DEA-structural equation modeling approach.
Wellbeing at the 21st century innovative learning environment called learning ground
Authors: Saastamoinen Ulla , Eronen Lasse , Juvonen Antti , Vahimaa Pasi 
Published: June 2022

PurposeSchools have a significant role in ensuring children's wellbeing as children spend a lot of time at school. Students need to have an active role in their learning and an opportunity to participate in issues concerning wellbeing and studying. This research examines students' wellbeing in an innovative learning environment. The classroom is built with professionals, teachers and students (aged 9). The authors call it Learning Ground.Design/methodology/approachStudents' wellbeing was measured with smart device application for a six-week period. Students answered the questionnaire with a Likert scale of five (very poor – excellent) responses. Two weeks during the six weeks research period, students were able to use digital study aids, EEG-biosensor headsets, to observe the effectiveness of their learning, defined by NeurSky app. The EEG-biosensors enabled students to use a tool to recognise their own learning factors during the lessons. The effectiveness was available to students via tablets all the time.FindingsThe students at the Learning Ground are satisfied with wellbeing and the environment support for students' wellbeing experience is notable. They have “good vibes” before and after the school day. When wearing EEG-headsets “study aids”, which enabled them to observe their learning via tablets at lessons, the wellbeing experience in the mornings even increased.Originality/valueSchools need to be visionaries concerning 21st century learning and children's wellbeing. Building flexible learning environments and bringing innovative technologies into schools to provide active support for students will enable 21st century learning. Wellbeing of children should become first when developing the future schools.
Design and analysis of a plasmonic nanostructure applicable for heating and sensing cycles of lab-on-chip
Authors: Asgharian Amir , Yadipour Reza , Kiani Gholamreza , Baghban Hamed 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to design a plasmonic structure that can be used simultaneously as a heater and a refractive index sensor applicable for heating and sensing cycles of lab-on-chip (LOC).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors report on the full optical method applicable in the heating and sensing cycles of LOC based on the plasmonic nanostructure. The novelty of this proposed structure is due to the fact that a structure simultaneously acts as a heater and a sensor.

Findings
In terms of the performance of the proposed structure as an analyte detection sensor, in addition to the real-time measurement, there is no need to labeling the sample. In terms of the performance of the proposed structure as a plasmonic heater, the uniformity and speed of the heating and cooling cycles have been greatly improved. Also, there is no need for experts and laboratory conditions; therefore, our proposed method can meet the conditions of point of care testing.

Originality/value
The authors confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere nor it is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Cryptic population decrease due to invasive species predation in a long‐lived seabird supports need for eradication
Authors: Oppel Steffen , Clark Bethany L. , Risi Michelle M. , Horswill Catharine , Converse Sarah J. , Jones Christopher W. , Osborne Alexis M. , Stevens Kim , Perold Vonica , Bond Alexander L. , Wanless Ross M. , Cuthbert Richard , Cooper John , Ryan Peter G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvasive species are one of the greatest drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide, and the eradication of invasive species from islands is a highly efficient management strategy. Because eradication operations require large financial investments, uncertainty over the magnitude of impacts of both invasive species and their removal can impede the willingness of decision makers to invest in eradication. Such uncertainty is prevalent for long‐lived species that display an inherent lag between life stages affected by invasive species and those used for population status assessments.Albatrosses are amongst the longest‐living bird species and are threatened on land by invasive species and at sea by industrial fisheries. As in many seabird species, usually only a segment of the population (breeding adults) is used for status assessments, making it difficult to assess albatross population trends and the potential benefit of conservation action, such as the management of predatory invasive species.We used population monitoring and mark‐recapture data to estimate the past population trajectory of the critically endangered Tristan albatrossDiomedea dabbenenaby accounting for unobservable birds at sea in an integrated population model. We then projected the future population trajectory of Tristan albatrosses for scenarios with or without predation by invasive house miceMus musculuson their main breeding site, Gough Island.The adult breeding population remained stable between 2004 and 2021, but breeding success was low (31%) and our model indicated that the total population (including unobservable immature birds) decreased from a median estimate of 9,795 to 7,752 birds. Eradicating invasive mice leading to a two‐fold increase in breeding success would result in a 1.8–7.6 times higher albatross population by 2050 (median estimate 10,352 individuals) than without this intervention.Low reproductive output for long‐lived species may lead to a cryptic population decrease, which can be obscured from readily available counts of breeding pairs by changes in the population structure. Mouse eradication is necessary to halt the ongoing population decrease of the Tristan albatross, even if this decrease is not yet apparent in the breeding population size.
A novel synthetised sulphonylhydrazone coumarin (E)‐4‐methyl‐N′‐(1‐(3‐oxo‐3H‐benzo[f]chromen‐2‐ yl)ethylidene)benzenesulphonohydrazide protect against isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in rats by attenuating oxidative damage, biological changes and electrocardiogram
Authors: Ghazouani Lakhdar , Khdhiri Emna , Elmufti Afoua , Zarei Armin , Feriani Anouar , Baaziz Intissar , Hajji Raouf , Abid Majdi , Ammar Houcine , Abid Souhir , Allouche Noureddine , Mnafgui Kais , Ramazani Ali , Tlili Nizar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoumarins and their derivatives are becoming a potential source for new drug discovery due to their vast array of biological activities. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a newly synthesised coumarin, symbolised as 5,6‐PhSHC, against cardiac remodelling process in isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in maleWistarrats by evaluating haematological, biochemical and cardiac biomarkers. Rats were pre/co‐treated with 5,6‐PhSHC or clopidogrel (150 μg/kg body weight) daily for a period of 7 days and then MI was induced by injecting ISO (85 mg/kg body weight), at an interval of 24 hours for 2 consecutive days, on the sixth and seventh days. The in vivo exploration indicated that the injection of 5,6‐PhSHC improved the electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern and prevented severe heart damage by reducing leakage of the cardiac injury markers, such as troponin‐T (cTn‐T), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase‐MB. The cellular architecture of cardiac sections, altered in the myocardium of infracted rats, was reversed by 5,6‐PhSHC treatment. Results showed that injection of 5,6‐PhSHC elicited significant cardioprotective effects by prevention of myocardium cell necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration, along with marked decrease in plasma levels of fibrinogen. In addition, the total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL‐c, and HDL profiles underwent remarkable beneficial changes. It was also interesting to note that 5,6‐PhSHC enhanced the antioxidative defence mechanisms by increasing myocardial glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities, together with reducing the levels of thiobarbituric‐acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), when compared with ISO‐induced rats. Taken together, these findings suggested a beneficial role for 5,6‐PhSHC against ISO‐induced MI in rats. Furthermore, in silico analysis showed that 5,6‐PhSHC possess high computational affinities (E‐value >−9.0 kcal/mol) against cyclooxygenase‐2 (PDB‐ID: 1CX2), vitamin K epoxide reductase (PDB‐ID: 3KP9), glycoprotein‐IIb/IIIa (PDB‐ID: 2VDM) and catalase (PDB‐ID: 1DGF). Therefore, the present study provided promising data that the newly synthesised coumarin can be useful in the design and synthesis of novel drug against myocardial infarction.
The Only Girl in Amoy: Gender and American Patriotism in a Nineteenth‐Century Treaty Port
Authors: Larkin Thomas M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 1861, twenty‐year‐old Ruth Bradford accompanied her father to the Chinese treaty port of Amoy where he was to serve as American consul. Bradford recorded this trip in a diary kept from her departure from New York until her 1863 return. Drawing upon her diary, this paper explores how Bradford, as the only American woman in Amoy, refined her sense‐of‐self through interracial and cross‐cultural encounters with the settlement's Chinese and British inhabitants. The paper argues that through critical comparison with these communities, Bradford, like other nineteenth‐century American women in China, consolidated and articulated her gendered, racial and burgeoning patriotic national identity.