bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Possibilities of Modern Ultrasound Scanning in Uveal Melanoma Extrascleral Growth Detection
Authors: Amiryan A. G. , Saakyan S. V. , Zakharova G. P. , Tsygankov A. Yu. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To determine the possibilities of modern ultrasound methods in the detection of uveal melanoma (UM) extrascleral growth (EG).Patients and methods. The work is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 170 patients with UM who underwent enucleation, including 106 (62.5 %) women and 64 (37.5 %) men aged 15 to 81 years (average — 52.9 ± 12.5). All patients underwent standard and special ophthalmological examinations, including grey scale echography and color Doppler Imaging on ultrasound system Voluson ® 730Pro device using a linear format probe with a central scanning frequency of 10–16 MHz. In all cases, a morphological study was carried out, and in 30 — a molecular genetic study.Results. UM EG was confirmed histologically in 33 patients — 19.4 % of 170 removed eyes. EG was recorded in all morphological types of UM, but more often in its more aggressive types-epithelioid cell and mixed cell types (χ2 = 6.236, p = 0.044). Significant correlations of EG presence with choroidal localization of UM (r = 0.150, p = 0.048), histological type (r = 0.151, p = 0.05) were revealed. In patients with EG, domed and irregular tumors were more often detected. The results of densitometric analysis of the tumor in patients with and without EG showed significantly higher acoustic density in patients with EG in the area of the base (A1) and central part (A2) of the tumor. In 16 (48.5 %) patients with EG, the growth was detected preoperatively — during ultrasound examination, in other cases-in 17 (51.5 %) patients, EG was established only intraoperatively or after pathohistological examination. The sensitivity of the high-resolution ultrasound technique for detecting EG was 48.5 %, specificity — 97.8 %, accuracy — 87.6 %, efficiency — 71.6 %, prognostic value of positive and negative results — 83.3 % and 97.8 %, respectively. The ROC analysis showed a clinical significance of 0.890 (95 % CI). A characteristic feature of patients with EG in the CDC mode was the visual determination of the total vascularization of the intraocular and extrascleral foci. Of the 30 patients who underwent molecular genetic testing, ERA was detected in 5 cases. All five patients had monosomy of chromosome 3.Conclusions. The paper presents the characteristic echographic (B-scan and color Doppler mapping) signs of extrascleral tumor growth, which allow us to adjust the tactics of surgical treatment. Data on the full or partial monosomy of chromosome 3 in the studied tumor samples in the presence of its extrascleral growth are presented.
Analysis of the Significance of Keratotopography, Keratopachymetry and Optical Coherence Tomography of the Cornea in the Differential Diagnosis of Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration and Keratoconus
Authors: Vasilieva I. V. , Kostenev S. V. , Vasiliev A. V. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To analyze the significance of keratotopography, keratopachymetry and optical coherence tomography of the cornea in the differential diagnosis of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration with keratoconus.Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from outpatient medical records of 62 patients (62 eyes) with keratectasias and the presence of a crab claw keratotopogram was carried out. Optical coherence tomography of the cornea was performed in all eyes and the parameters of keratopachymetry and corneal elevation were studied on the Pentacam.Results. Optical coherence tomography allowed in all cases to determine the localization of the corneal thinning zone. Only 5 out of 13 indicators of keratopachymetry had statistically significant intergroup differences and can be used in the differential diagnosis of keratectasias.Conclusion. The analysis showed that, in contrast to keratotopography, keratopachymetry and optical coherence tomography of the cornea make it possible to differentiate the type of primary keratectasia.
Clinical and Functional Results of the Use of Suspension of Autologous Mononuclear Leucocytes in the Surgical Treatment of Bullous Keratopathy
Authors: Denisko M. S. , Krivosheina O. I. , Ivanova E. V. 
Published: October 2022

The purpose: to explore the clinical effectiveness of a new cell-based surgical method for the treatment of bullous keratopathy that includes intrastromal injection of autologous mononuclear leukocytes into the posterior third of the cornea stroma.Material and methods. The study included 58 patients with diagnosis of bullous kerathopathy. They were divided into 2 groups — the main group received surgical treatment by the presented method; and the comparison group received a course of conservative therapy.Results. In 10 days the patients in the main group had a normal structure of the cornea epithelium, slight edema of the stroma, thin folds of the Descemet’s membrane and moderate edema of the endothelium. Similar results in the comparison group were achieved in 1 month, and it was the best condition of the cornea. Later corneal edema increased. In 3 months the patients of the main group had a normal structure of corneal epithelium, single thin folds of the Descemet’s membrane, slight edema of the posterior third of the stroma only in the optical zone, and slight edema of the endothelium. The achieved results were preserved for 12 months. The best correct visual acuity (BCVA) in the main group was achieved by the 6th month. It increased 10 times from the initial level, and the corneal thickness decreased by 27 % from the initial level by the 9th month. In the comparison group, the BCVA was achieved by the 1st month. It increased 2.7 times from the initial level; the maximum decrease in the index of pachymetry by 6.7 % was achieved by the 3rd month from the initial level, and then these parameters increased.Conclusion. The using of a surgical method for the treatment of bullous keratopathy, including intrastromal injection of suspension of autologous mononuclear leukocytes, contributes to the relief of corneal syndrome, increases the transparency of the cornea and restores its normal thickness. These changes are accompanied by increase of BCVA in the postoperative period compared to the course of conservative therapy.
Effect of Lactoferin on the Rate of Defect Epithelization and Growth of Pathogenic Microflora in Corneal Erosions in the Experiment
Authors: Kolesnikov A. V. , Kirsanova I. V. , Tumanova N. S. , Averina M. M. 
Published: October 2022

Corneal lesions account for at least 1/4 of all ocular pathologies. This frequency is due to the fact that the outer eye’ shell is constantly exposed to adverse environmental factors and is quickly involved in the pathological process. The most spread disease is corneal erosion, the main treatment of which is the prevention of infectious complications. The widespread prevalence of corneal erosion and antibiotic resistance, which develops with the use of antibacterial drugs, led to the search for alternative therapies, one of which is lactoferrin.The purpose of our work was to study the effect of lactoferrin solution on the rate of corneal erosion epithelization in the experiment, to assess the effect of lactoferrin solution on the growth of pathogenic microflora against the background of corneal deepithelization in the experiment. An experimental model of corneal erosion was reproduced on 12 male chinchilla rabbits, divided into 2 groups (lactoferrin group and placebo group). Total scarification of the cornea was performed with an eye scalpel after preliminary epibulbar anesthesia with 0.4 % oxybuprocaine solution. Inoculations from the conjunctiva of the rabbits’ eyes to whey broth were carried out on the 0th, 3rd and 7th days of the experiment using sterile glass rods in the clinical diagnostic center of the city of Ryazan. Complete epithelialization of the cornea occurred in group 1 from 3 to 5 days, in group 2 — from 4 to 7 days. The average period of epithelialization in group 1 was 3.75 ± 0.62 days. In the second group — 5.42 ± 0.79 days. The use of a lactoferrin solution at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml 3 time per day led to an acceleration of corneal epithelialization. In both groups, regardless of therapy, complete epithelialization of the cornea occurred by the 7th day. As a result of the experiment, there was no growth of microflora against the background of corneal de-epithelialization. Our data indicate that the use of a lactoferrin solution led to the suppression of the growth of pathogenic microflora, while placebo did not affect the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
Liquid Biopsy for Uveal Melanoma. Does It Make Sense?
Authors: Ovanesyan V. E. , Likhvantseva V. G. , Rychkova S. I. , Selkov S. A. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: to study the informativeness and appropriateness of liquid biopsy in uveal melanoma (UM).Material and methods. Performed a liquid biopsy (synonym: vitreous fluid biopsy, CST) of enucleated eyes with UM. CST samples were used to quantify the concentration of pro-(IL-8, angiogenin, TNF-α, VEGF, bFGF) and antiangiogenic (IFN-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ) growth factors by multiplex flow cytometry. Compared with the indicators of patients with senile cataracts.Results. Liquid biopsy provided valuable and reliable information about the spectrum of cytokines and their quantitative indicators in the CTZ of the eyes with UM. Compared with senile cataracts in the vitreous fluid of the eyes with UM, there was a significant increase in the frequency of detection and level of proangiogenic cytokines TNF-α (80.0 % vs. 47.5 %, p < 0.05; Msr ± m: 4.3 ± 1.1 pg/ml against 1.4 ± 0.3 pg/ml, p < 0.05), IL-8 (100 % vs. 75 %, p < 0.01; 323.2 ± 227.9 pg/ml versus 8.5 ± 1.5 pg/ml, r < 0.001), angiogenin (11704.9 ± 1767.7 pg/ml versus 2820.15 ± 1404.90 pg/ml, r < 0.01), VEGF (100.0 % vs. 68.2 %; p < 0.05; 471.49 ± 154.60 pg/ml vs. 18.4 ± 3.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05; 471.49 ± 154.60 pg/ml vs. 18.4 ± 3.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05) and bFGF (60.0 % vs. 26.7 %, p < 0.05; Msr: 44.6 ± 16.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.0, p < 0.001). In both groups of patients, the antiangiogenic factor TGF-β was not detected, but the concentration of IFN-γ was found in five of the eight samples at the level of 14.9 ± 12.2 pg/ml, and the levels of IFN were 4 times higher: 17.6 ± 3.9 pg/ml against 4.4 ± 0.4 pg/ml (p < 0.05).Conclusions. Liquid eye biopsy with UM using multiplex flow cytometry can be a valuable and highly informative tool for studying UM phenotypes, in the development and selection of molecular targets for antiangiogenic or other targeted therapies. Elevated levels of proangiogenic growth factors (IL-8, angiogenin, TNF-α, VEGF and bFGF) in vitreous fluid in UM indicate the presence simultaneously of three mechanisms for stimulating angiogenesis, two of which are independent of VEGF, act independently, and may show synergism. Insufficiently high levels of interferons (IFN-γ and IFN-α) against the background of the absence of TGF-β in the vitreous fluid allow us to think that the secretion and control of the regulation of the natural angiostatic link of angiogenesis in the eyes with choroidal melanoma is suppressed. High levels of cytokines with pluripotent (proangiogenic and pro-inflammatory) properties indicate that in choroidal tumors, inflammation may play the role of a promoter of angiogenesis.
Comparative Assessment of the Dynamics of Visual Performance of a Patient with Visually Intense Work with Binocular Cataract after Various Technologies of Cataract Phacoemulsification
Authors: Pokrovsky D. F. , Medvedev I. B. , Ovechkin N. I. , Ovechkin I. G. , Pavlov A. I. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose. Comparative assessment of the dynamics of visual performance (VP) of a patient with visually intense work with binocular cataract after various technologies of cataract phacoemulsification (PEC).Methods. There were 300 patients with binocular cataract under our observation. Patients were divided into three equals in number (n = 100), age (from 38 to 66 years, mean age 55.8 ± 1.3 years), gender (78 % — men; 22 % — women), refractive values of the group who underwent PEС using the following technologies: delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS), immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery according to the traditional (trISBCS) and developed algorithms (maISBCS). Examination of the state of vision of patients in all groups was performed before and 3 months after surgery according to clinical (BCVA in terms of the difference between the first and second eye) and the following ophthalmo-ergonomic indicators, which were assessed using special computer programs: “Visual productivity”, “Glazomer”, “Visual search”.Results. Differences between the clinical outcomes of the first and second eyes with maISBCS and DSBCS are practically insignificant (UDVA within 0.02 rel. units), after trISBCS they are statistically significant (by 0.08–0.09 rel. units, p < 0.05). After the operation, a pronounced (p < 0.001) increase in VP was noted in all groups. At the same time, there were differences between the groups of patients who underwent maISBCS and trISBCS, manifested by a decrease in VP in the trISBCS group according to the “Visual Search” and “Eye Meter” tests, by 16.1–22.1 % (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The postoperative level of VR achieved during maISBCS and and DSBCS is almost identical. It has been determined that with an increase in the level of complexity of the ophthalmo-ergonomic tests presented (“signal-response”; “selection of a signal from several — response”; “selection of a signal in conditions of time pressure”), there is a corresponding increase in the difference in the level of SR between groups of patients who were maISBCS and trISBCS, were performed (by 1.5 %, p > 0.05; 16.1 %, p < 0.05; and 22.1 %, p < 0.05, respectively), which may be associated with the occurrence of postoperative anisometropia.
Evaluation of Blood Flow Parameters of the Macular Area and Optic Disc in Patients with Combination of Glaucoma and Axial Myopia
Authors: Eskina E. N. , Belogurova A. V. , Zinina V. S. , Gvetadze A. A. , Smirnova-Sotmari V. B. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose. To analyze the indicators of blood flow in the macular region and the peripapillary region in patients with a combination of glaucoma and axial myopia.Patients and methods. The paper analyzes the results of a study of 186 patients (343 eyes): 51 patients (92 eyes) with axial myopia (mean AVR 26.3 ± 1.9 mm) and diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma of various stages (Glaucoma + Myopia group), 42 patients (78 eyes) with axial myopia (mean AVR 26.5 ± 1.8 mm) without other ophthalmopathology (Myopia group), 48 patients (86 eyes) with refraction close to emmetropic and primary open-angle glaucoma of various stages (Glaucoma group), 45 patients (87 eyes) without any ophthalmopathology and refraction close to emmetropic (Emmetropia group).Results. With the development of glaucoma, a decrease in the density of capillary perfusion and the density of vessels of the superficial plexus in the macular region was revealed, with a predominant decrease in the parameter in the lower sector, with a progressive decrease with the glaucoma severity. More pronounced deviations from the indicators of the control groups were recorded in the group of combined glaucoma and axial myopia. In the peripapillary region of patients with glaucoma, a decrease in capillary perfusion density and capillary flow index in the upper and especially in the lower sector was recorded, with more pronounced changes in the combination of the disease with axial myopia.Conclusion. The tomographic indicators of blood flow in the macular and peripapillary areas from this study can be used to obtain the most complete picture of the course of the glaucoma process in patients with different types of refraction, as well as for differential diagnosis and staging of glaucoma in high myopic eyes.
Clinical Phenotypes of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Poor Response to Aflibercept Treatment
Authors: Likhvantseva V. G. , Gevorgyan A. S. , Kapkova S. G. , Nekrasova E. Yu. 
Published: October 2022

The purpose: to identify and describe the clinical phenotypes of patients depending on their response to treatment with Aflibercept.Material and methods. The study had a prospective cohort design, including 92 eyes (n = 84) with a newly diagnosed diagnosis of nAMD and signs of disease activity. According to the OCT, the activity and type of macular neovascularization (MNV) were verified. Disease activity was monitored by central retinal thickness (CRT), the presence of subretinal and intraretinal fluid (SRF, IRF), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Eyes showing fresh hemorrhage ophthalmoscopically, OCT signs of SRF, IRC or sub-RPE, and dye leakage on the FAG were classified as having active nVMD. Treated with intravitreal injections (IVI) of Aflibercept 40 mg/ml in the “treat and extend” mode. The group with an unsatisfactory response to treatment was divided into 5 subgroups: true non-responders (without changes in activity throughout the course of treatment); partial nonrespondents (minimal regression of SRF and/or IRF) during treatment; dependent on anti-VEGF (complete regression on the background of injections, relapse after 4 weeks (increase in SRF/IRF, sub-RPE fluid, PED size); progression of anatomical changes, with exudation or hemorrhage, despite treatment; decreased response to treatment over time. Studied differences in baseline characteristics between the eyes among respondents and non-respondents and in five subgroups of incomplete respondents.Results. In the OCT characteristic, 45.5 % of eyes with tachyphylaxis showed normal CRT, lack of SRF (90.9 %) and IRF (90.9 %), high prevalence of fibrovascular PED (90.9 %); 90.0 % of the eyes showed type 1 MNV. In the subgroup of non-respondents with anatomical deterioration, type 2 and 3 of MNV were more often present (p = 0.00001) and fibrovascular-hemorrhagic PED was present in every sixth eye. Half (51.2 %) of the VEGF-dependent eyes (p = 0.0139) had the phenotype SRF+ and IRF- (91.3 % vs. 57.9 %, p = 0.0123), dominated by the OCT phenotype: SRF+/IRF-, as well as type 1 and 2 of MNV (91.3 % and 8.7 %, respectively). The eyes are partially non-respondent in 32 % had normal CRT, in 40 % of the eyes SRF+, in 24 % of IRF+, different types of PED, 1 and 3 types of MNV were present.Conclusion. The presented descriptions of clinical phenotypes of eyes with nVMD depending on their response to treatment with Aflibercept may be useful in predicting the response to treatment.
Stromal Herpetic Keratitis with Ulceration Associated with Reactivation of Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpes Virus Type 6: Experience of Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Chernakova G. M. , Kleshcheva E. A. , Shchegoleva V. I. 
Published: October 2022

Objective: to study the clinical manifestations of herpetic stromal keratitis with ulceration associated with EBV and HHV-6 reactivation.Patients and methods. 172 patients with anterior ophthalmic herpes were under observation, of which 43 patients had herpetic stromal keratitis with ulceration with an average duration of complaints of more than 60 days. Tear, saliva, blood and urine samples were used as a material for PCR (qualitative and quantitative) for the presence of HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV-6, HHV-7 DNA. Local therapy of the acute period included instillation of antiviral, anti-inflammatory agents and lubricants. Systemic antiherpetic therapy included oral use of selective nucleoside analogues: valacyclovir and famciclovir in increased daily dosages.Results. 87 cumulative positive results were obtained, of which the proportion of EBV and HHV-6 DNA detection was 23 % and 28 %. Complex local therapy with the inclusion of heparin-containing lubricant and a drug containing 5 % dexpanthenol (“Corneregel”) combined with systemic therapy with nucleoside analogues in increased daily dosages led to complete relief of objective symptoms within 14 to 28 days.Conclusions. EBV and HHV-6 were detected in more than 50 % of cases, which determines systemic antiviral therapy in increased daily dosages and a prolonged course. The pathogenesis of ulcerative defects may be associated with the direct reactivation of HHV-6 and EBV, which requires the use of active reparative therapy from the first days of curation. The phenomenon of a transient viral “surge” detected by PCR during disease course can be observed by adequate systemic therapy and is a normal laboratory pattern indicating the correct tactics.
Efficacy of secondary prevention and rehabilitation programs with distant support in patients with atrial fibrillation after intervention procedures: impact on psychological status
Authors: Pogosova N. V. , Badtieva V. A. , Ovchinnikova A. I. , Sokolova O. Yu. , Vorobyeva N. M. 
Published: October 2022

Aim To evaluate the effectivity of secondary prevention/rehabilitation programs with remote support for the psychological condition of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) following interventional procedures (radiofrequency catheter ablation and cryoablation).Material and methods This prospective, controlled, randomized clinical study was performed in three parallel groups. Each group consisted of 45 patients with AF after interventional procedures. In groups 1 and 2, secondary prevention/rehabilitation programs with remote support were performed, including a single individual in-hospital counseling (on risk factors of AF and their control and on major aspects of the disease, treatment and prevention of complications) and three months of remote support (by phone in group 1 and by e-mail in group 2). Patients of group 3 (control group) received standard recommendations at discharge from the hospital. The psychological status was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the PHQ-9 questionnaire, the Spielberg-Hanin scale for reactive and personal anxiety, and the visual analogue scale for stress assessment. The follow-up duration was 12 months.Results At the end of the follow-up period, the proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms considerably decreased in both intervention groups (р<0.001 for each group) and was significantly less than in the control group (р<0.001 for both comparisons). Also, in intervention group 1, the proportion of patients with clinically pronounced anxiety symptoms was significantly decreased. For 12 months of follow-up, the severity of depressive symptoms significantly decreased in all three groups. However, in both intervention groups, this decrease was significantly greater than in the control group (р<0.001 for group 1 and р=0.020 for group 2). In both intervention groups at 12 months, the stress level was significantly reduced whereas in the control group, it remained practically unchanged. The greatest (50% on average) decrease in the stress level was observed in intervention group 2.Conclusion Secondary prevention and rehabilitation programs with remote support during a 12-month follow-up resulted in improvement of the psychological status in patients with AF after interventional procedures.