bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toknang, “Humor that Bites” Understanding the Subculture of Young Farmers
Authors: Batani Ruth S. 
Published: February 2025

This study examines toknang a locally shared expression of humor among young farmers. Treated as a folk performance that happens during drinking sessions, it has become an alternative way of “expressing the self” and for everyday sensing. There are, however, complex interactions and conditions that happen during the verbal exchange that it becomes a “biting humor,” creating a scenario where masculinity becomes the object of identity constructions. Using key informant interviews and focus group discussions, the study aimed to sketch the norms on alcohol drinking and understand the locally marked sense of humor called toknang among young farmers.
Findings showed that alcohol drinking almost always comes with exchange of sense of humor which, generally speaking, forms part of the socialization of young farmers. However, gin drinking can actually lead to other strings of events including masculine show-offs animated in the play of toknang. While this forms part of socialization in a farming community like Pawil, there are differing views held by men and women on toknang. The view that negates toknang as subculture of the young is where the recommendation of regulating ‘gin’ drinking, as one precipitating cause of staging ‘humor that bites’ becomes compelling.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Employees of Selected Regional Line Agencies in the Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines
Authors: Degay Imelda O. 
Published: February 2025

With the increasing trend of overnutrition, the implementation of appropriate nutrition action plan that is based on sound and extensive research data is being recommended. As part of developing an extensive health profile in Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines, this study documented the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition among the employees of 21 regional line agencies (RLAs) who are members of the Cordillera Regional Nutrition Committee (RNC). The study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey done among 395 permanent government employees. Data gathered were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). The employees were healthy, mostly non-pregnant females (65%) and selected through stratified random sampling. The mean BMI was 25.8 kg/m2 (males=26.5; females=25.4) indicating that the employees are generally overweight. The combined overweight and obesity prevalence was 56.7% with males registering a higher prevalence of 64% (n=79) compared to 52.7% (n=135) in females. The mean WC of 90.7cm for male and 83.7cm for female employees were within the borderline. WHR was 0.91 for males indicating absence of abdominal adiposity but 0.86 for females showing risk of increased metabolic complications. The overall prevalence of high WC was 26% (13.7% in the males and 32.8% in the females) while high WHR was 44% (17% males; 59% females). Exercise and length of service were correlated with BMI and WC. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the government workers puts them at risk of non- communicable chronic diseases. Appropriate health and nutrition policies and programs must be instituted at once.
BSU TALKnology: Touching Lives of Rural Communities in the Highlands of Northern Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Sudaypan Constantino T. 
Published: February 2025

The TALKnology program, a 15-minute radio program of the Benguet State University, is seen as an effective modality in the adoption of technologies among rural households in the highland communities of Northern Luzon, Philippines. To assess the efficacy of this program in bringing out social outcomes geared towards empowering farmers, there is a need to gather baseline information, hence this study. The study characterized the socio- economic status of the respondents; determined their attitude on the topics discussed in the program; categorized the technologies adopted by the respondents as influenced by the program; determined the positive results attained by the rural households after the adoption of the technologies, and identified the challenges encountered. Results showed that the TALKnology program contributed to the enhanced awareness of rural communities about appropriate technologies. In turn, the enhanced awareness has brought desirable changes among rural communities such as the adoption of BSU technologies that are mostly along agriculture. Such technologies include compost making, basic plant and animal pest and disease management, soil sampling and soil analysis, egg production, and postharvest technologies. Adopting the technologies accessed through the TALKnology program enhanced the livelihood opportunities of the rural households. Limited financial resources, however, hindered the adoption of some technologies.
School-Based Management in Benguet, Philippines:
Authors: Lubrica Percyveranda A. , Parcasio Imelda G. , Cuevas Jingle P. , Alvaro Manolita N. , Gallardo Alma Vida G. , Batani Ruth S. 
Published: February 2025

Experts agree that there is a need for continuous evaluation and upgrading for school-based management (SMB) to be fully realized. In the Philippines, there had been few attempts at the national level but in-depth, localized evaluation is being recommended. Hence, this study was conceptualized to document and determine the effect of SMB on the school heads’ governance of secondary school in Benguet, Philippines. The study employed both quantitative method (structured survey) and qualitative method (focused group discussion and interviews). Results showed that the use of SMB by school heads is a key factor in effectively running the school system. Manifestations of these are observed in the very satisfactory application of the SMB knowledge and skills in school governance with minimal support and guidance from their superiors. In addition, the school heads’ extent of application of the acquired SBM knowledge and skills have influenced their capability in school governance. However, the school heads expressed developmental needs to further their management skills. Such results imply a substantial realization on the implementation of SMB in secondary schools embarking on institutionalizing quality improvement measures in all program areas as mandated in their respective school systems
Enhancing the Social Media Marketing of Agri-Tourism by Farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines and the Development of the Hellical Model of Participatory Communication Action Research
Authors: Tabangcura Jennyline S. , Fuchigami Christine Grace S. 
Published: February 2025

Agri-tourism is a sustainable and growing industry in the Philippines that could further be enhanced thru social media, a low-cost marketing tool with a global reach. To maximize social media for agri-tourism, there is a need first to gather baseline information as basis for enhancement. This study assessed the capacity of 26 La Trinidad farmers on using social media to promote their farms as agri-tourism sites. The study employed the Participatory Communication Research Action (PCRA) Model. Results from community consultations, ocular surveys, key informant interviews, and document reviews revealed that the study areas have natural characteristics and enough resources to support agri-tourism. However, the farmers needed further assistance in addressing the issues that come with these characteristics and resources. The assessment test showed that the respondents have a moderate level of social media marketing (SMM) skills, knowledge, and traits. Thus, the study conducted a seminar on SMM where the participants were guided to develop SMM plans for their own farms. Additionally, the study was able to assess the PCRA Model and found it to be far more flexible than originally thought. Thus, the study crafted a more coherent PCRA model, namely the Model of Participatory Communication towards Self-management, from combining the lessons learned from this study and the strength of Dance’s Helix Model of communication. The study recommends that government or non-government extension efforts may look into further addressing the needed additional SMM knowledge, skills, and traits of the respondents as well as possible capacity building activities on product development. Future studies could look into the progress of the SMM plans developed by the respondents to find out how the respondents could be further assisted
Traditional Food Crops and their Role in the Nutrition Well-Being of a Semi-subsistent Community in Kibungan, Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Balauro Sherilyn B. , Camfili- Talastas Matyline A. 
Published: February 2025

Traditional food crops have helped the people of a community in Kibungan, Benguet survive since time immemorial. This study documented the existing traditional food crops, postharvest practices and cooking methods, estimated the nutrient value of these crops, and assessed the contribution of these to the nutritional well-being of the community. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), key informant interviews, focus group discussion, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, anthropometric assessment, and 24-hour food recall were employed to gather data. Findings revealed 33 species of traditional food crops that are available to community members. Postharvest and cooking practices adopted were simple or traditional. Results showed that traditional food crops contribute to food security especially that they are readily available as sources of food at different times, cheaper than commercially grown food crops, and add taste and flavor or satiety to their diet. The study also showed that these crops are significant sources of micro and macronutrients, which improves the nutritional status of the people. With the introduction of commercial crops, increasing pests and diseases at present, and the continuing threat of climate change, traditional food crops needs to be propagated and its production improved. The development of postharvest technologies to sustain production and engaging in agricultural entrepreneur is also required to effectively contribute to people’s resilience and nutritional well-being.
NTP Server Design as a Mitigation of Time Difference at Perum LPPNPI Kendari Branch
Authors: Pambudiyatno Nyaris , Kurniawan Putra Muh. Rayhan , Pragolo Argo 
Published: February 2025

In the world of aviation, it takes the right time, time synchronization is very important for the aviation system. If the time of the flight telecommunication facility is out of sync or out of sync, the flight data will be chaotic, so it is not known when the aircraft will land. If the time is not synchronized, data on accident incidents will be difficult to find. This research method uses an Microcontroller connected to the Network Time Protocol Server through internet media, then the Network Time Protocol Server generates time data in the form of Coordinate Universal Time. The Microcontroller functions as a server on the device that will perform time synchronization, and the Network Time Protocol Server data has accurate time accuracy. In the event of a time shift it will be compensated by the Microcontroller.
Assessment of Precipitating Factors for Substance Dependence among Substance Users
Authors: Kokate Rajshri Balasaheb , Chandekar Pratibha Arun 
Published: February 2025

Background: Substance use is when someone consumes alcohol or drugs Substance use does not always lead to addiction; many people occasionally use alcohol or certain drugs without being addicted. However, substance use always comes with the risk that it might lead to addiction, Substance abuse, meanwhile, is when a person consumes alcohol or drugs regularly, despite the fact that it causes issues in their life.
Objectives: To assess precipitating factors for causation of substance dependence among substance dependents in Aurangabad City and To find the association between precipitating factors for causation of substance dependence and the selected demographic variables among substance dependents in Aurangabad City.
Methodology: The research methodology adopted for the study was quantitative research approach. The investigator used non experimental univariant descriptive method for the present study. The study was conducted in deaddiction units, psychiatric and mental healthcare unit. Accessible population was all the substance dependents who were available during the course of the study. 500 samples were selected with the help of non-probability convenient sampling as per inclusion criteria from the selected areas. Semi structured questionnaire, Likert scale and open-ended questions was developed for the study.
Result: The majority 33.3% of samples were from age 21-30 years, 32.7% of them from 31-40 years, The 82.80% of the samples from group were males and 17.20% of the samples were females. 36.80% of them had secondary education, 29.60% of them were graduates. The highest percentage 37.80% of them were employed, 31.20% of them were unemployed. distribution of the samples according to their family monthly income that majority 21.60% of them had income Rs. 20,001/- 30,000/-, another 17.20% of them had family income above Rs. 40000. 28.40% of them were single, 52.10% of them were married. The highest percentage 36.4% of them were alcohol dependent, 34.4% of them had mixed dependence. Among respondent highest percentage 64.8% of them were Urban and 35.2% of them were rural.
Conclusion: The study will help to find out various precipitating factors for causation of substance dependence.
Excitatory amino acids and neurodegeneration: a hypothetical role of calcium precipitation
Authors: Rodrı́guez M.J. , Bernal F. , Andrés N. , Malpesa Y. , Mahy N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractActivation of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors can induce neurodegeneration by two major mechanisms of excitotoxicity, one related to the influx of Na+, Cl− and water, and the other to the increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Thus, acute microinjection of EAAs in several areas of the central nervous system (CNS) has been used to produce neurodegenerative models. We studied the excitotoxic pattern associated with acute microinjection of AMPA in rat hippocampus, medial septum‐diagonal band of Broca (MS‐DBB), prefrontal cortex and retina. In all cases progressive neuronal loss, glial reaction and development of intra‐ and extracellular calcium concretions were observed. However, a CNS‐area differential vulnerability was revealed, as shown by the specific atrophy of MS‐DBB and its limited calcification. Whether calcium deposits are a defensive mechanism against the massive increment of free cytoplasmatic calcium is discussed on the basis of ultrastructural data and previous results.
Pain during mammography: Implications for breast screening programmes
Authors: Andrews Fiona J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPain experienced during mammography can deter women from attending for breast cancer screening. Review of the current literature on pain experienced during mammography reveals three main areas of interest: reports of the frequency of pain, identification of predictors of pain and strategies for responding to pain. Implications of this literature for breast screening programmes include the need for appropriate measurements of pain during mammography that are valid for screening populations, a further understanding of organizational factors involved in screening programmes that may be predictors of pain and for the development of valid strategies for responding to pain within breast screening programmes.
Geldanamycin induces heat shock proteins in brain and protects against focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Lu Aigang , Ran Ruiqiong , Parmentier‐Batteur Sophie , Nee Alex , Sharp Frank R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGeldanamycin (GA), a benzoquinone ansamycin, binds Hsp90 in vitro, releases heat shock factor (HSF1) and induces heat shock proteins (Hsps). Because viral and transgenic overexpression of Hsps protects cells against ischemia in vitro, we hypothesized that GA would protect brain from focal ischemia by inducing Hsps in vivo. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 2‐hour middle cerebral artery occlusions (MCAO) using the suture technique followed by 22‐h reperfusions. GA or vehicle was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles (i.c.v) 24 h before ischemia. Geldanamycin at 1 µg/kg decreased infarct volumes by 55.7% (p < 0.01) and TUNEL‐positive cells by 30% in cerebral cortex. GA also improved behavioral outcomes (p < 0.01) and reduced brain edema (p < 0.05). Western blots showed that the 1 µg/kg GA dose induced Hsp70 and Hsp25 protein 8.2‐fold and 2.7‐fold, respectively, by 48 h following administration. Immunocytochemistry showed that GA induced Hsp70 in neurons and Hsp25 in glia and arteries in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and other brain regions. GA reduced co‐immunoprecipitation of HSF1 with Hsp90 in brain tissue homogenates, promoted HSE‐binding of HSF in brain nuclear extracts using gel shift assays, and increased luciferase reporter gene transcription for the Hsp70 promoter in PC12 cells. The data show that geldanamycin protects brain from focal ischemia and that this may be due, at least in part, to geldanamycin stimulation of heat shock gene transcription.
A Detailed Analysis of Frontal Lobe Seizure Semiology in Children Younger Than 7 Years
Authors: Fogarasi András , Janszky József , Faveret Eduardo , Pieper Tom , Tuxhorn Ingrid 
Published: July 2002

Summary:  Purpose: We sought to analyze semiology of seizure onset and evolution in young children with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), compare this with adult reports, and assess age‐related differences.Methods: We analyzed 111 videotaped seizures from 14 patients with FLE based on focal cortical dysplasia aged 3–81 months (mean, 30 months). Ictal events were categorized into behavioral, consciousness, autonomic, and sensory features, as well as motor patterns, which included tonic, clonic, epileptic spasm, and myoclonic seizure components. We developed a time‐scaled datasheet to record each epileptic event as onset, very early, early, or late manifestation.Results: Patients had a high seizure frequency with up to 40 attacks/day; half of them showed a cluster tendency. Forty‐seven percent of the seizures started in sleep. Mean duration of seizures was short (29 s). Most common seizure components were motor manifestations, mostly tonic–clonic seizures, and epileptic spasms. Behavioral change was frequent, and hypermotor seizures were not seen. In five patients, the motor features were contralateral to the epileptic focus, including two children with asymmetric epileptic spasms. Secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures (SGTCSs) were not recorded, but had been reported in the history of two patients. Complex motor automatisms were not seen, whereas oral automatism appeared in three children.Conclusions: Motor features are common in young children with FLE, as reported in adults. The characteristics, however, differ. Epileptic spasms and subtle behavioral change were frequent. Hypermotor seizures and complex motor automatisms were not seen, and SGTCSs were unusual. Our results suggest that FLE in young children shows age‐related features differing from those of adults.
Failure of Timed Bright Light Exposure to Alleviate Age‐Related Sleep Maintenance Insomnia
Authors: Suhner Andrea G. , Murphy Patricia J. , Campbell Scott S. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether a twice‐weekly maintenance schedule of evening bright light exposure is effective in alleviating sleep maintenance insomnia on a long‐term basis, after the establishment of a more favorable phase relationship between the core body temperature (CBT) rhythm and sleep.DESIGN:Subjects underwent light treatment while living at home. Eleven to 13 consecutive days of acute light treatment (active) were followed by a 3‐month maintenance light treatment period (active or control). Subjects completed five laboratory sessions: before and after the acute phase and once a month during the maintenance period.SETTING:Sleep laboratory and subjects' homes.PARTICIPANTS:Fifteen older subjects (seven women, eight men; aged 63–84) with chronic (>1 year) complaints of sleep maintenance insomnia.INTERVENTIONS:During the acute phase, all participants were exposed to evening bright light (≈9:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m.;>4,000 lux). During the maintenance phase, light treatment was reduced to a twice‐weekly schedule, in which the active group received bright light from ≈9:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. and the control group received bright light from 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.MEASUREMENTS:During each laboratory session, polysomnographic sleep and CBT were measured.RESULTS:Bright light exposure during the acute treatment resulted in an average phase delay in the temperature rhythm (Tmin) of 94 minutes. Sleep quality was not improved. No significant differences between active and control subjects were found during the maintenance phase; in both groups, Tmin gradually reverted to the baseline phase position, and sleep efficiency remained unchanged.CONCLUSIONS:Although a significant phase shift in CBT was achieved during the acute treatment phase, no improvement in sleep quality was observed. Twice‐weekly light exposure was not effective in maintaining the circadian phase shift over the subsequent 3 months. Issues of compliance and alternate etiologies for the sleep maintenance insomnia are discussed. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:617–623, 2002.
Wheelchair Users Are Not Necessarily Wheelchair Bound
Authors: Hoenig Helen , Pieper Carl , Zolkewitz Mike , Schenkman Margaret , Branch Laurence G. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:To determine the patterns of wheelchair use in terms of locations of use, whether wheelchair use in one location was related to wheelchair use in other locations, and factors associated with wheelchair use in different locations.DESIGN:Longitudinal cohort study.SETTING:Patients prescribed wheelchairs by clinicians at one of two teaching hospitals (one Veterans Affairs hospital and one private hospital).PARTICIPANTS:One hundred fifty‐three consecutive persons who were prescribed a new wheelchair, resided in the community, had a Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire score of greater than six out of 10, and who could be interviewed within 7 to 21 days of receiving the wheelchair.MEASUREMENTS:Patient, wheelchair, and environmental characteristics and self‐reported wheelchair use in life spaces.RESULTS:Wheelchair use in the 24 hours before the interview was inconsistent across life spaces. The correlation between wheelchair use in the bath and in the kitchen was 0.66, between locations near and far from home was −0.08, and between locations in the home and outside the home was 0.08. Predictors of wheelchair use in the home were using help from another person to propel the wheelchair (odds ratio (OR) = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04–0.45), the number of impairments (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67–0.96), a report that the wheelchair did not meet the subject's needs (OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.27–10.81), and having adapted the home to accommodate the wheelchair (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.47–8.18). Having adapted the home was also positively associated with use of the wheelchair in areas near the home (OR = 4.77, 95% CI = 1.94–11.71). The only factor associated with wheelchair use in distant locations was older age (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.46–0.83 per 10‐year increment).CONCLUSIONS:Personal factors (e.g., using help to propel the wheelchair) and environmental factors (e.g., home adaptations to accommodate the wheelchair) influenced wheelchair use. In addition, wheelchair use, and the factors influencing wheelchair use, differed by location. Wheelchair users appear to use their wheelchairs selectively, depending on their physical needs and the constraints of their environment. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:645–654, 2002.