bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel clinic structure for exposure counseling during pregnancy
Authors: Pressman Katherine , Müller Réka , Krstić Nevena , Običan Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital malformations and adverse fetal outcomes secondary to teratogenic exposures are major public health concerns. We review all inquiries made to the Florida MotherToBaby service center as well as the novel Exposure Clinic, which offers direct patient counseling.MethodsWe completed a retrospective review of all inquiries made to the MotherToBaby Florida service and the Exposure Clinic consults between its inception January 2019 through December 2021. All de‐identified data was collected at the time of the inquiry and stored in the OTIS database. Aggregate data was then extracted and descriptive statistics were performed. A p value of less than .05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsIn 2019, there were 163 total inquiries, 265 in 2020, and 1,279 in 2021. These 1,707 inquiries covered 2,809 unique exposures. In the Exposure Clinic, 49 patients were seen in 2019, 140 in 2020, and 263 in 2021. The clinic's geographical reach increased over time with patients from 22 different counties being seen in 2021. Of all individual exposures, 45% were evaluated in 452 unique encounters in the Exposure Clinic and 55% were evaluated in 1255 unique encounters via traditional modes of contact. The average number of exposures discussed at each clinic appointment 2.8 versus 1.2 in inquiries via traditional methods. The majority of all exposures were regarding prescription medications, specifically psychiatric medications, followed by immunizations. The exposure with the single most inquiries was the COVID‐19 vaccine.ConclusionsThis novel clinic structure allows for complex counseling and clinical recommendations regarding exposures during pregnancy.
Cyanobacterial supra‐polysaccharide: Self‐similar hierarchy, diverse morphology, and application prospects of sacran fibers
Authors: Budpud Kulisara , Okeyoshi Kosuke , Okajima Maiko K. , Kaneko Tatsuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe biological functions of polysaccharides are influenced by their chemistry and chain conformation, which have resulted in various functional applications and new uses for polysaccharides in recent years. Sacran is an intriguing ampholytic polysaccharide with several key properties such as metal adsorption, anti‐inflammatory nature, and transdermal drug‐carrying capacity. It has an extremely high molecular weight over 107 g/mol, which is much higher than those of the previously reported microbial polysaccharides. In particular, it has a remarkable self‐orienting characteristic over a large length scale, which could produce a bundle with twisted morphologies from the nanoscale to the microscale with diameters of ~1 μm and lengths of >800 μm. In this review, morphological variations, as well as novel self‐organization and hierarchical self‐assembly are comprehensively discussed. Sacran fibers deform into various forms, such as two‐ and three‐dimensional flexible fibers and micro–nano fragments, during their evaporation. The self‐assembly and disassembly of the sacran are explained in terms of the preparation process and factors that influence the morphology. This review will pave the way for the development of novel modules such as humidity‐sensitive actuators, micro‐patterned cell scaffolds, and uniaxially oriented membranes.
CT radiomics identifying non‐responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy among patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Zinan , Yi Xiaoping , Pei Qian , Fu Yan , Li Bin , Liu Haipeng , Han Zaide , Chen Changyong , Pang Peipei , Lin Huashan , Gong Guanghui , Yin Hongling , Zai Hongyan , Chen Bihong T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeEarly detection of non‐response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for locally advanced colorectal cancer (LARC) remains challenging. We aimed to assess whether pretreatment radiotherapy planning computed tomography (CT) radiomics could distinguish the patients with no response or no downstaging after nCRT from those with response and downstaging after nCRT.Materials and MethodsPatients with LARC who were treated with nCRT were retrospectively enrolled between March 2009 and March 2019. Traditional radiological characteristics were analyzed by visual inspection and radiomic features were analyzed through computational methods from the pretreatment radiotherapy planning CT images. Differentiation models were constructed using radiomic methods and clinicopathological characteristics for predicting non‐response to nCRT. Model performance was assessed for classification efficiency, calibration, discrimination, and clinical application.ResultsThis study enrolled a total of 215 patients, including 151 patients in the training cohort (50 non‐responders and 101 responders) and 64 patients in the validation cohort (21 non‐responders and 43 responders). For predicting non‐response, the model constructed with an ensemble machine learning method had higher performance with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.92 and 0.89 as compared to the model constructed with the logistic regression method (AUC: 0.72 and 0.71 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). Both decision curve and calibration curve analyses confirmed that the ensemble machine learning model had higher prediction performance.ConclusionPretreatment CT radiomics achieved satisfying performance in predicting non‐response to nCRT and could be helpful to assist in treatment planning for patients with LARC.
Deep learning for assessing the aesthetics of professional photographs
Authors: Chambe Mathieu , Cozot Rémi , Le Meur Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAesthetic quality assessment for photographs is an important research topic since it can be used for a number of applications, such as image database management or image browsing. In 2012, the aesthetic visual analysis (AVA) dataset has been proposed. It has since then been used to train the majority of computational models of aesthetics assessment. We observe that AVA is mainly composed of competitive photographs which notion of aesthetics differs from other kinds of photographs, such as professional photographs. In this paper, we evaluate whether or not recent aesthetics assessment models generalize well and perform well over professional photographs. We noticed that the different models we tested behave differently on both categories, and therefore do not generalize well. Besides, we fine‐tuned one of the tested model using professional photographs and the results show that this fine‐tuning is effectively improving the coverage of the methods.
Ionic Liquid Sheath Stabilizes Atomically Dispersed Reduced Graphene Aerogel‐Supported Iridium Complexes during Ethylene Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Kurtoğlu‐Öztulum Samira F. , Yalçın Kaan , Hoffman Adam S. , Jalal Ahsan , Zhao Yuxin , Gates Bruce C. , Bare Simon R. , Unal Ugur , Uzun Alper 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn atomically dispersed reduced graphene aerogel (rGA)‐supported iridium catalyst having reactive ethylene ligands was synthesized at an iridium loading of 9.9 wt % and coated with an ionic liquid, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]). Continuous‐scan X‐ray absorption spectra demonstrated that the iridium remained site‐isolated in flowing equimolar C2H4 and H2 during a temperature ramp to 100 °C. The data further showed the lack of detectable iridium aggregation when the feed was H2‐rich or even pure H2 at 100 °C. An Arrhenius plot determined for ethylene hydrogenation catalysis with the sample in flowing equimolar ethylene and hydrogen showed no variation in the apparent activation energy at temperatures up to 100 °C, confirming that the active sites remained intact at the higher temperatures. The results point to opportunities for overcoming the stability limitations of atomically dispersed supported noble metal catalysts by choice of electron‐donor supports and ionic liquid sheaths.
Integrated statistical and machine learning analysis provides insight into key influencing symptoms for distinguishing early‐onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wood David A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundBeing able to predict with confidence the early onset of type 2 diabetes from a suite of signs and symptoms (features) displayed by potential sufferers is desirable to commence treatment promptly. Late or inconclusive diagnosis can result in more serious health consequences for sufferers and higher costs for health care services in the long run.MethodsA novel integrated methodology is proposed involving correlation, statistical analysis, machine learning, multi‐K‐fold cross‐validation, and confusion matrices to provide a reliable classification of diabetes‐positive and ‐negative individuals from a substantial suite of features. The method also identifies the relative influence of each feature on the diabetes diagnosis and highlights the most important ones. Ten statistical and machine learning methods are utilized to conduct the analysis.ResultsA published data set involving 520 individuals (Sylthet Diabetes Hospital, Bangladesh) is modeled revealing that a support vector classifier generates the most accurate early‐onset type 2 diabetes status predictions with just 11 misclassifications (2.1% error). Polydipsia and polyuria are among the most influential features, whereas obesity and age are assigned low weights by the prediction models.ConclusionThe proposed methodology can rapidly predict early‐onset type 2 diabetes with high confidence while providing valuable insight into the key influential features involved in such predictions.
Utility of NR4A3 on FNA cytology smears and liquid‐based preparations of salivary gland
Authors: Millan Nicolas , Tjendra Youley , Zuo Yiqin , Jorda Merce , Garcia‐Buitrago Monica , Velez‐Torres Jaylou M. , Gomez‐Fernandez Carmen 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is generally the initial sampling method for salivary gland neoplasms. The cytomorphologic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of salivary gland can overlap with other neoplastic and nonneoplastic entities. AciCCs harbor a recurrent t(4;9) rearrangement with upregulation of nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3). NR4A3 protein overexpression has been shown to be highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of AciCC in histologic specimens and cell block preparations. However, data on NR4A3 immunocytochemistry (ICC) on conventional smears or liquid‐based cytology are limited.MethodsThe authors identified 18 FNAC of histologically proven AciCC cases between 2013 and 2019. FNAC samples of diagnostic mimickers were likewise retrieved and included in the study cohort for comparison. The NOR1/NR4A3 mouse monoclonal antibody was applied directly to FNAC slides using a standard ICC technique.ResultsThe cohort included ethanol‐fixed Papanicolaou‐stained cytologic smears and liquid‐based preparations from 18 AciCC, one secretory carcinoma, four mucoepidermoid carcinomas, four salivary duct carcinomas, five pleomorphic adenomas (PA), five Warthin tumors, five oncocytomas, one oncocytic hyperplasia, and five nonneoplastic salivary gland cases. Strong nuclear staining for NR4A3 was present in all AciCC, weak nuclear staining was present in one PA, and all other non‐AciCC were negative (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 97%).ConclusionsNR4A3 ICC can be used directly on FNAC conventional smears and liquid‐based cytology to reliably distinguish AciCC from its mimickers. This marker may be useful in cases where a cell block preparation is unavailable or inadequate.
An autologous colonic organoid‐derived monolayer model to study immune: bacterial interactions in Crohn's disease patients
Authors: Angus Hamish CK , Urbano Paulo CM , Laws Gemma A , Fan Shijun , Gadeock Safina , Schultz Michael , Butt Grant , Highton Andrew J , Kemp Roslyn A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesCrohn's disease (CD) initiation and pathogenesis are believed to involve an environmental trigger in a genetically susceptible person that results in an immune response against commensal gut bacteria, leading to a compromised intestinal epithelial barrier and a cycle of inflammation. However, it has been difficult to study the contribution of all factors together in a physiologically relevant model and in a heterogenous patient population.MethodsWe developed an autologous colonic monolayer model that incorporated the immune response from the same donor and a commensal bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Two‐dimensional monolayers were grown from three‐dimensional organoids generated from intestinal biopsies, and the epithelial integrity of the epithelium was measured using transepithelial electrical resistance. We determined the effect of immune cells alone, bacteria alone and the co‐culture of immune cells and bacteria on integrity.ResultsMonolayers derived from CD donors had impaired epithelial integrity compared to those from non‐inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) donors. This integrity was further impaired by culture with bacteria, but not immune cells, despite a higher frequency of inflammatory phenotype peripheral T cells in CD donors. Variability in epithelial integrity was higher in CD donors than in non‐IBD donors.ConclusionWe have developed a new autologous model to study the complexity of CD, which allows for the comparison of the barrier properties of the colonic epithelium and the ability to study how autologous immune cells directly affect the colonic barrier and whether this is modified by luminal bacteria. This new model allows for the study of individual patients and could inform treatment decisions.
A bio‐inspired backbone formation protocol in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Murmu Mahendra Kumar , Singh Awadhesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe cognitive radio network (CRN) is an emerging technology where communication among secondary users (SUs) takes place in an opportunistic manner. Since, a backbone eases the routing, reduces communication overhead, and efficiently handles the dynamic changes in the network. Therefore, we intend to propose a backbone formation algorithm in CRN. However, finding optimal backbone is equivalent to find minimum connected dominating set (CDS) for the given network, which is NP‐complete. Hence, the backbone construction problem can be better handled by optimization algorithms than the deterministic ones. The bio‐inspired is an interesting category of optimization algorithms. Therefore, it has been popularly used to handle various optimization problems in wireless networks. However, it has never been used for backbone construction in CRN. The ant colony optimization (ACO) is a promising bio‐inspired method because it has been effectively used to handle many problems in wireless networks, e.g. cluster head selection, leader election, routing etc. Therefore, we use ant colony system (ACS) for backbone formation in CRN. Also, the approach helps us to find optimized path between any pair of nodes to ensure efficient communication. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first bio‐inspired backbone construction algorithm in CRN.
Clinical value of the ThinPrep cytologic test with E6/E7 mRNA detection for cervical cancer screening in disease diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Liyi , Qi Ruihong , Wang Lin , Jiang Fengxi , Pan Shuguang , Fu Wei , Su Zhanqin , Gui Dingqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo investigate the clinical value of the ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT) with the E6/E7 mRNA test for cervical cancer screening in disease diagnosis.METHODSA total of 405 samples from Dazhou Central Hospital from April 2017 to July 2020 were collected, and we conducted a comparative analysis of the diagnostic performance of several test methods both individually andcombination.RESULTSThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) were compared by single TCT, E6/E7 mRNA test, and combination methods. The TCT+E6/E7mRNA test was confirmed to have a relatively higher specificity of 80.32% (95% CI: 75.40%–84.48%, both P < 0.001), and AUC value (0.78, 95% CI: 0.73–0.83, and P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONThe relative diagnostic value may be further improved by the combined detection of TCT and E6/E7 mRNA test. The combined detection of TCT and the E6/E7 mRNA test is expected to become a potential indicator for cervical lesions.
Performance of wild animals with “broken” traits: Movement patterns in nature of moose with leg injuries
Authors: Hendry Andrew P. , Hendry Cedar A. , Hendry Aspen S. , Roffey Heather L. , Hendry Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganismal traits are presumed to be well suited for performance in the tasks required for survival, growth, and reproduction. Major injuries to such traits should therefore compromise performance and prevent success in the natural world; yet some injured animals can survive for long periods of time and contribute to future generations. We here examine 3 years of camera trap observations along a remote trail through old‐growth forest in northern British Columbia, Canada. The most common observations were of moose (2966), wolves (476), and brown bears (224). The moose overwhelmingly moved in one direction along the trail in the late fall and early winter and in the other direction in the spring. This movement was clustered/contagious, with days on which many moose traveled often being interspersed with days on which few moose traveled. On the video recordings, we identified 12 injured moose, representing 1.4% of all moose observations. Seven injuries were to the carpus, three were to the antebrachium, and two were to the tarsus—and they are hypothesized to reflect damage to ligaments, tendons, and perhaps bones. The injured moose were limping in all cases, sometimes severely; and yet they did not differ noticeably from uninjured moose in the direction, date, contagiousness, or speed of movement along the trail. We discuss the potential relevance of these findings for the action of natural selection in the evolution of organismal traits important for performance.
Scavenger guild and consumption patterns of an invasive alien fish species in a Mediterranean wetland
Authors: Orihuela‐Torres Adrian , Pérez‐García Juan Manuel , Sánchez‐Zapata José Antonio , Botella Francisco , Sebastián‐González Esther 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvasive Alien Species (IAS) alter ecosystems, disrupting ecological processes and driving the loss of ecosystem services. The common carp Cyprinus carpio is a hazardous and widespread IAS, becoming the most abundant species in many aquatic ecosystems. This species transforms ecosystems by accumulating biomass to the detriment of other species, thus altering food webs. However, some terrestrial species, such as vertebrate scavengers, may benefit from dead carps, by incorporating part of the carp biomass into the terrestrial environment. This study describes the terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblage that benefits from carp carcasses in a Mediterranean wetland. We also evaluate the seasonal differences in the scavenger assemblage composition and carrion consumption patterns. Eighty carp carcasses (20 per season) were placed in El Hondo Natural Park, a seminatural mesohaline wetland in south‐eastern Spain, and we monitored their consumption using camera traps. We recorded 14 scavenger species (10 birds and four mammals) consuming carp carcasses, including globally threatened species. Vertebrates consumed 73% of the carrion biomass and appeared consuming at 82% of the carcasses. Of these carcasses consumed, 75% were completely consumed and the mean consumption time of carcasses completely consumed by vertebrates was 44.4 h (SD = 42.1 h). We recorded differences in species richness, abundance, and assemblage composition among seasons, but we did not find seasonal differences in consumption patterns throughout the year. Our study recorded a rich and efficient terrestrial vertebrate scavenger assemblage benefitting from carp carcasses. We detected a seasonal replacement on the scavenger species, but a maintenance of the ecological function of carrion removal, as the most efficient carrion consumers were present throughout the year. The results highlight the importance of vertebrate scavengers in wetlands, removing possible infectious focus, and moving nutrients between aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Hiding in plain sight: Cryptic enemies are found on cochineal (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), a scale insect of economic and cultural significance
Authors: Kelly Suzanne E. , Moore Wendy , Hall W. Eugene , Hunter Martha S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCochineal is the common name for cactus‐feeding scale insects in the Dactylopiidae. These ruby‐red insects include the domesticated dye insect Dactylopius coccus. Dactylopius coccus and congeners have been introduced around the world, some accidentally, to become pests of prickly pear cactus species (Opuntia), and some intentionally, for dye production or biological control of pest Opuntia. In the northern Sonoran Desert (Tucson, AZ, USA), we studied the enemy complex of D. opuntiae and D. confusus on Opuntia and characterized two cryptic enemies, a coccinellid beetle predator and a parasitoid wasp. (1) Hyperaspis sp. The coccinellid predator Hyperaspis trifurcata shares a niche with a similar, typically all‐black beetle. Morphological data, crossing tests, and phylogenetic results showed the black beetle to be a distinct, undescribed species in the genus Hyperaspis, with a rare spotted phenotype that is similar in appearance to H. trifurcata. Crossing tests among black and spotted forms showed the spotted morph is inherited as a single‐locus dominant allele. (2) Formicencyrtus thoreauini. Rearing of this ant‐like parasitoid wasp (Encyrtidae) in pure culture of D. opuntiae showed it to be a semi‐gregarious primary parasitoid of cochineal. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed instance of a cochineal parasitoid. Observations of development show early instar larvae keep their posterior end within the egg chorion, attached to an aeroscopic plate with a connection to the cochineal body wall. Late instar larvae are eventually surrounded by a membrane, likely of larval origin. Wasps then pupate in a dry air‐filled chamber within the desiccated scale remains before chewing out as an adult. Both Hyperaspis sp. and F. thoreauini may have restricted distributions. Hyperaspis sp. does not appear to be a member of the cochineal community in Mexico or Texas, and scant records suggest F. thoreauini may also be restricted to the Southwestern USA.