bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The circadian rhythm of calcium and bone homeostasis in Maasai
Authors: Schou Anne , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Maro Venance Phillip , Kilonzo Kajiru , Ramaiya Kaushik , Sironga Joseph , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Christensen Dirk Lund , Schwarz Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesEthnic groups differ in prevalence of calcium‐related diseases. Differences in the physiology and the endogenous circadian rhythm (CR) of calcium and bone homeostasis may play a role. Thus, we aimed to investigate details of CR pattern in calcium and bone homeostasis in East African Maasai.MethodsTen clinically healthy adult Maasai men and women from Tanzania were examined. Blood samples were collected every 2nd hour for 24 h. Serum levels of total calcium, albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH)D, creatinine, C‐terminal telopeptide (CTX), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide (P1NP), and osteocalcin were measured. Circadian patterns were derived from graphic curves of medians, and rhythmicity was assessed with Fourier analysis.ResultsPTH‐levels varied over the 24 h exhibiting a bimodal pattern. Nadir level corresponded to 65% of total 24‐h mean. CTX and P1NP showed 24‐h variations with a morning nadir and nocturnal peak with nadir levels corresponding to 23% and 79% of the 24‐h mean, respectively. Albumin‐corrected calcium level was held in a narrow range and alterations were corresponding to alterations in PTH. There was no distinct pattern in 24‐h variations of 25(OH)D, creatinine, osteocalcin, or BSAP.ConclusionsAll participants showed pronounced 24‐h variations in PTH and bone turnover markers CTX and P1NP. These findings support that Maasai participants included in this study have typical patterns of CR in calcium and bone homeostasis consistent with findings from other ethnic populations.
Hepatoblastoma in molecularly defined, congenital diseases
Authors: Nussbaumer Gunther , Benesch Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBeckwith–Wiedemann spectrum, Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis and trisomy 18 are the most common congenital conditions associated with an increased incidence of hepatoblastoma (HB). In patients with these genetic disorders, screening protocols for HB are proposed that include periodic abdominal ultrasound and measurement of alpha‐fetoprotein levels. Surveillance in these children may contribute to the early detection of HB and possibly improve their chances of overall survival. Therefore, physicians must be aware of the high HB incidence in children with certain predisposing genetic diseases.
Ionic Liquid Functionalized Chitosan Catalyst with Optimized Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Structural Balance for Efficient CO2 Fixation
Authors: Paliwal Khushboo S. , Biswas Tanmoy , Mitra Antarip , Tudu Gouri , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work a series of chitosan‐based catalysts with ranging hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance are successfully prepared by varying the ionic liquid and hydrocarbon chain length attached to chitosan. The chitosan modified with eight carbon units displayed efficient catalytic activity for the conversion of a wide range of epoxides to their corresponding cyclic carbonates under 1 atmosphere pressure of carbon dioxide without cocatalyst and solvent. The optimized catalyst was able to convert even diepoxides and sterically bulky epoxides like t‐butyl glycidyl ether to their corresponding cyclic carbonates. This study provides an insight into catalyst designing based on possible molecular interaction between reactants and active sites of the catalyst.
Highly stretchable dual‐cure photosensitive resin for digital light processing printing
Authors: Ren Chuanzheng , Deng Yuhao , Bao Jianjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe two‐stage curing approach is one of the promising strategies to achieve the 3D printing of high‐performance elastomers. Herein, a novel resin formulation that is composed of a photocurable acrylic resin and a mixture of thermocurable isocyanate oligomer/diamine is evaluated by digital light processing technology. Such resin possesses a satisfying viscosity for printing, especially at ambient temperature. For first curing stage, that is, photocurable stage, precisely architectural components with the required shape can be fabricated by a free‐radical photopolymerization. Methyl ethyl ketone oxime that serves as a blocking agent, was employed to ensure the stability of isocyanate resin during this stage. Consecutively, a thermally activated deblocking process is carried out and accompanied by isocyanate/diamine copolymerization, which is the second curing stage. An interpenetrating polymer networks structure in designing resin (25 wt% photocurable resin and 75 wt% thermocurable resin) was formed after thermal curing, which is of significance for achieving excellently comprehensive mechanical properties. Contributed by special structures, it is capable of reaching a 4.67 MPa of tensile strength at 100% strain, while yielding favorable tensile strength of 7.51 MPa as well a maximum elongation at break of 745.3%, which is nearly identical to the initial mechanical performances of pure polyurethane elastomer.
Unlocking the biosynthetic potential of Penicillium roqueforti for hyperproduction of the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid: Gamma radiation mutagenesis and response surface optimization of fermentation medium
Authors: El‐Sayed El‐Sayed R. , Zaki Amira G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on the broad clinical utility of the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid (MPA), this article aims to intensify the biosynthetic potential of Penicillium roqueforti for more effective hyperproduction of the drug. Several mutants were generated from irradiation mutagenesis and screened. Two strains (GM1013 and GM1093) presented an elevated MPA productivity with significant yield constancy over 10 subsequent generations. By investigating the effect of some phosphorous sources and mineral salts on MPA production by the two mutants, KH2PO4 and FeSO4·7H2O were most preferred by the two mutants for higher MPA production rates. Statistics‐dependent experimental designs were also employed for optimizing medium components for maximum MPA production. Medium components were primarily screened using the Plackett–Burman model to demonstrate the most important components that most significantly affect MPA production. The concentrations of these significant components were then optimized through a central composite rotatable model. In conclusion, gamma‐radiation mutation and response surface optimization resulted in a promising MPA productivity by P. roqueforti GM1013. To our knowledge, the MPA‐yield achieved in this study (2933.32 mg L–1) is the highest reported by academic laboratories from P. roqueforti cultures, which could be of economic value for a prospective large industrialized application.
Light‐induced fermenter production of derivatives of the sweet protein monellin is maximized in prestationary Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures
Authors: Gramazio Simona , Trauth Jonathan , Bezold Filipp , Essen Lars‐Oliver , Taxis Christof , Spadaccini Roberta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOptogenetics has great potential for biotechnology and metabolic engineering due to the cost‐effective control of cellular activities. The usage of optogenetics techniques for the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules ensures reduced costs and enhanced regulatory possibilities. This requires development of efficient methods for light‐delivery during a production process in a fermenter. Here, we benchmarked the fermenter production of a low‐caloric sweetener in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with optogenetic tools against the production in small scale cell culture flasks. An expression system based on the light‐controlled interaction between Cry2 and Cib1 was used for sweet‐protein production. Optimization of the fermenter process was achieved by increasing the light‐flux during the production phase to circumvent shading by yeast cells at high densities. Maximal amounts of the sweet‐protein were produced in a pre‐stationary growth phase, whereas at later stages, a decay in protein abundance was observable. Our investigation showcases the upscaling of an optogenetic production process from small flasks to a bioreactor. Optogenetic‐controlled production in a fermenter is highly cost‐effective due to the cheap inducer and therefore a viable alternative to chemicals for a process that requires an induction step.
Engineering of the CMV promoter for controlled expression of recombinant genes in HEK293 cells
Authors: Johari Yusuf B. , Scarrott Joseph M. , Pohle Thilo H. , Liu Ping , Mayer Ayda , Brown Adam J. , James David C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExpression of recombinant genes in HEK293 cells is frequently utilized for production of recombinant proteins and viral vectors. These systems frequently employ the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to drive recombinant gene transcription. However, the mechanistic basis of CMV‐mediated transcriptional activation in HEK293 cells is unknown and consequently there are no strategies to engineer CMV for controlled expression of recombinant genes. Extensive bioinformatic analyses of transcription factor regulatory elements (TFREs) within the human CMV sequence and transcription factor mRNAs within the HEK293 transcriptome revealed 80 possible regulatory interactions. Through in vitro functional testing using reporter constructs harboring discrete TFREs or CMV deletion variants we identified key TFRE components and clusters of TFREs (cis‐regulatory modules) within the CMV sequence. Our data reveal that CMV activity in HEK293 cells is a function of the promoters various constituent TFREs including AhR:ARNT, CREB, E4F, Sp1, ZBED1, JunB, c‐Rel, and NF‐κB. We also identified critical Sp1‐dependent upstream activator elements near the transcriptional start site that were required for efficient transcription and YY1 and RBP‐Jκ binding sites that mediate transrepression. Our study shows for the first time that novel, compact CMV‐derived promoters can be engineered that exhibit up to 50% higher transcriptional efficiency (activity per unit DNA sequence) or 14% increase in total activity compared to the wild‐type counterpart.
Enzyme‐mediated synthesis of Molnupiravir: paving the way for the application of biocatalysis in pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Cruz Guillermo , Acosta Javier , Del Arco Jon , Clemente‐Suarez Vicente Javier , Deroncele Víctor , Fernández‐Lucas Jesús 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMolnupiravir (Lagevrio®) is an orally‐administered anti‐COVID‐19 agent. Due to the urgency to meet the worldwide demand and the growing environmental concern, there is a need for speed in the industrial implementation of novel and efficient bioprocesses for Molnupiravir synthesis. This concept paper aims to review the most relevant milestones that have guided important developments in the enzyme‐mediated synthesis of Molnupiravir, including detailed comments on the advantages and drawbacks of the different synthetic routes. Finally, based on a personal perspective, new greener processes for Molnupiravir manufacturing are proposed and discussed.
C−H Deprotonation and C=C Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocyclic Olefin with Calcium Hydride Complexes: Cooperative Ca−H−Ca Bridge versus Terminal Ca−H bond
Authors: Qu Zheng‐Wang , Zhu Hui , Streubel Rainer , Grimme Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonomeric calcium hydride intermediates with reactive terminal Ca−H bond were recently proposed to deprotonate N‐heterocyclic olefin ligands upon moderate heating with dimeric amidinate calcium hydride complexes. In contrast, extensive dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations disclose the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) like reactivity of cooperative Ca−H−Ca bridges for stoichiometric C−H deprotonation and kinetically more favorable catalytic C=C hydrogenation with pressured H2, thus providing useful insights for metal hydride based hydrogenation catalysts.
Asymmetric Catalytic α‐Selective Allylation of Ketones with Allyltrifluoroborates Using Dual‐Functional Chiral InIII/N,N′‐Dioxide Complex
Authors: Tang Xiaoxue , Su Zhishan , Lin Qianchi , Lin Lili , Dong Shunxi , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryAsymmetric catalytic allylation of halo‐substituted ketones and ketoesters was accomplished to yield a number of homoallylic tertiary alcohols in excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity. In the presence of chiral InIII/N,N′‐dioxide catalyst, unusual α‐selective allylation of γ‐substituted potassium allyltrifluoroborates to ketones was demonstrated. The control experiments and DFT calculation reveal that chiral InIII/N,N′‐dioxide catalyst plays dual‐tasking roles: the formation of allylindium species via transmetalation and Lewis acid activation. A possible reaction pathway was provided to understand α‐selectivity over γ‐selectivity.
Significant decrease in plasmad‐dimer levels and mean platelet volume after a 3‐month treatment with rosuvastatin in patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Alirezaei Toktam , Sattari Haniyeh , Irilouzadian Rana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammation has been considered as a possible mechanism for the initiation and recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Statins have anti‐inflammatory and potential immune‐modulatory effects, but their effect on plasmad‐dimer levels is controversial.HypothesisIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of rosuvastatin on D‐dimer and other inflammatory serum markers in VTE patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized study on 228 patients with VTE. Control group received conventional treatment (warfarin or rivaroxaban), whereas rosuvastatin‐intervention group received rosuvastatin 10 mg daily, in addition to their conventional treatment for 3 months. Serum markers were extracted from both groups at the baseline and 3 months after the beginning of treatment.ResultsAfter 3 months, in patients of the intervention group, there was a statistically significant decrease in levels ofd‐dimer and mean platelet volume (MPV) but no significant change in neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio.ConclusionsOur results showed that a 3‐month treatment with 10 mg rosuvastatin daily can significantly decrease the plasma levels ofd‐dimer and MPV, which would support a potential role of statins to reduce activated systemic inflammation among VTE patients. Such effects can be used to reduce the rate of recurrent VTE in these patients.
ASpecD: A Modular Framework for the Analysis of Spectroscopic Data Focussing on Reproducibility and Good Scientific Practice**
Authors: Popp Jara , Biskup Till 
Published: April 2022

AbstractReproducibility is at the heart of science. However, most published results usually lack the information necessary to be independently reproduced. Even more, most authors will not be able to reproduce the results from a few years ago due to lacking a gap‐less record of every processing and analysis step including all parameters involved. There is only one way to overcome this problem: developing robust tools for data analysis that, while maintaining a maximum of flexibility in their application, allow the user to perform advanced processing steps in a scientifically sound way. At the same time, the only viable approach for reproducible and traceable analysis is to relieve the user of the responsibility for logging all processing steps and their parameters. This can only be achieved by using a system that takes care of these crucial though often neglected tasks. Here, we present a solution to this problem: a framework for the analysis of spectroscopic data (ASpecD) written in the Python programming language that can be used without any actual programming needed. This framework is made available open‐source and free of charge and focusses on usability, small footprint and modularity while ensuring reproducibility and good scientific practice. Furthermore, we present a set of best practices and design rules for scientific software development and data analysis. Together, this empowers scientists to focus on their research minimising the need to implement complex software tools while ensuring full reproducibility. We anticipate this to have a major impact on reproducibility and good scientific practice, as we raise the awareness of their importance, summarise proven best practices and present a working user‐friendly software solution.
An effective combination of terahertz band NOMA and MIMO system for power efficiency enhancement
Authors: Ramesh Chandra Kothapalli , Borugadda Somasekhar 
Published: April 2022

SummaryTerahertz (THz) band communication is extensively used to reach future communication needs for large capacity. Moreover, the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) approach with multi‐antenna enable users to share more data with good spectrum efficiency. Due to its various applications, different research works are done in MIMO and NOMA. But the existing approach used in NOMA‐MIMO has a major limitation in power efficiency. Hence, this research work is presented for maximizing power efficiency. The power efficiency is improved effectively using the THz‐NOMA‐MIMO system in the presented approach. Initially, users are clustered effectively by utilizing the enhanced fuzzy c‐means clustering (EFCM) approach. Afterwards, hybrid precoding with threshold orthogonal matching pursuit (TOMP) approach is presented for generating the hybrid precoding vectors. Here, optimal precoding vectors are generated using the geometric distance‐based TOMP approach. This process eliminates the interference present in the data communication, thus improving power and spectral efficiency. Finally, the weight‐based distributed power efficient algorithm (WDPEA) achieves the finest power allocation. These combinations of effective approaches enhance the power and spectral efficiency. The presented methodology is implemented in the working platform of MATLAB. The performance of the presented approach is examined with the different existing approaches in regards to spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, effective capacity, and the mean squared error. When the users are at 20, the sum spectral efficiency of existing zero forcing (ZF) is 21, regularized zero forcing (RZF) is 54, maximum ratio transmission (MRT) is 71, and the proposed method is 77 bit/s/Hz. When the signal to noise ratio at 25 dB, the energy efficiency of existing time division multiple access (TDMA) is 1.24, digital MIMO is 1.21, orthogonal multiple access (OMA) is 1.23, weighted NOMA is 1.35, and the proposed method is 1.38 bit/joule/Hz. The proposed method gets better results when compared to other methods.
SEALNET: Facial recognition software for ecological studies of harbor seals
Authors: Birenbaum Zach , Do Hieu , Horstmyer Lauren , Orff Hailey , Ingram Krista , Ay Ahmet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethods for long‐term monitoring of coastal species such as harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) are often costly, time‐consuming, and highly invasive, underscoring the need for improved techniques for data collection and analysis. Here, we propose the use of automated facial recognition technology for identification of individual seals and demonstrate its utility in ecological and population studies. We created a software package, SealNet, that automates photo identification of seals, using a graphical user interface (GUI) software to detect, align, and chip seal faces from photographs and a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) suitable for small datasets (e.g., 100 seals with five photos per seal) to classify individual seals. We piloted the SealNet technology with a population of harbor seals located within Casco Bay on the coast of Maine, USA. Across two years of sampling, 2019 and 2020, at seven haul‐out sites in Middle Bay, we obtained a dataset optimized for the development and testing of SealNet. We processed 1752 images representing 408 individual seals and achieved 88% Rank‐1 and 96% Rank‐5 accuracy in closed set seal identification. In identifying individual seals, SealNet software outperformed a similar face recognition method, PrimNet, developed for primates but retrained on seals. The ease and wealth of image data that can be processed using SealNet software contributes a vital tool for ecological and behavioral studies of marine mammals in the developing field of conservation technology.
Elevational variability in and controls on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine forests
Authors: Kong Junqia , He Zhibin , Chen Longfei , Zhang Shouke , Yang Rong , Du Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPatterns and elevational controls on the response of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition to temperature in alpine forest soils are critical to efforts to quantify the regional carbon cycle–climate feedback, but are not well known. Here, we report rates of SOM decomposition (RS) and temperature sensitivity (Q10) determined in a short‐term laboratory incubation with gradual warming from 5 to 29°C of soils from different elevations in the Qilian Mountains, China (2600, 2800, 3000, and 3200 m). The results showed the RS significantly increased with increasing elevation (p < 0.001), in which RS was significantly greater at 3200 m than that at the other elevations but had no significant difference in RS among elevations below 3200 m. Across all elevations, RS first showed an increasing trend at temperatures <20°C and then declined substantially (>20°C), most likely in response to the content of labile C (greater at the start of incubation and declining over time). Q10 of SOM decomposition increased significantly with increasing elevation and decreasing incubation temperature (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen, and 1‐ to 2‐mm aggregate‐associated organic carbon (OC) were the main control factors affecting RS and Q10 along an elevational gradient. These results indicate that high‐altitude soils in alpine forests of the Qilian Mountains are relatively more sensitive to warming and have greater potential to release CO2 due to higher SOC contents and 1‐ to 2‐mm aggregate‐associated OC than low‐altitude soils. The findings could serve as a reference for how regional C pools may respond to future warming in alpine forests of the Qilian Mountains.
The invasive species Rangia cuneata: A new food source for herring gull (Larus argentatus)?
Authors: Pezy Jean‐Philippe , Pezy Ambre , Raoux Aurore 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContinued human population growth and the associated development of coasts lead to dramatic effects on marine coastal ecosystems altering food resources and habitats for several species and resulting in novel species interactions. The Bay of the Seine, located in the eastern part of the English Channel, is one of the most anthropized sea in the world. Here, we report an observation of the European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) feeding on the nonindigenous species (NIS) Rangia cuneata in the Bay of the Seine. Observations of otter prints (Lutra lutra) and excrements were also found near the bivalves, suggesting that this species also feed on the NIS bivalve. Our study suggests that the spread of NIS in coastal marine ecosystem is expected to drive changes in the foraging behavior of top predators.