bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failed protective effort of ex situ conservation of River Vistula trout (Salmo trutta) in Sweden
Authors: Petersson Erik , Rask Jörgen , Dębowski Piotr 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEx situ conservation comprises some of the oldest and best-known conservation methods and it has been applied for different fish stocks. This study describes attempts undertaken to preserve the long-migrating River Vistula (Poland) brown trout by a sea-ranching programme in the River Dalälven (Sweden). This focal strain was threatened in its native river and a major reason for selecting the River Dalälven was that its river mouth faces north as does that of the River Vistula. In the Swedish river, the Vistula trout in the 1970s and early 1980s returned early in the autumn and were generally large-sized (compared to the native strain of the River Dalälven). Over the study period (1978–2012), the size of returning adult fish declined, the return date becoming later in the year, and the number of spawners also declined. The reasons for these changes were probably caused by several interacting factors: (1) the most likely being high mortality of early returning fish which were held for longest in captivity before being used in the artificial spawning process; (2) the fact that the hatchery process was adapted to the Dalälven strain and not the Vistula one; (3) that the Vistula fish were marked by removing both pelvic fins (possible reducing subsequent survival); and (4) low genetic variation (as a result of few returning individuals). Thus, for several reasons, this ex situ conservation attempt for Vistula trout in Sweden is thought to have failed.
Quine’s Underdetermination Thesis
Authors: Johannesson Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn On Empirically Equivalent Systems of the World from 1975, Quine formulated a thesis of underdetermination roughly to the effect that every scientific theory has an empirically equivalent but logically incompatible rival, one that cannot be discarded merely as a terminological variant of the former. For Quine, the truth of this thesis was an open question. If true, some would argue that it undermines any belief in scientific theories that is based purely on their empirical success. But despite its potential significance, surprisingly little has been done by way of establishing or refuting it. My aim is to establish the thesis for as large a class of theories as possible. Under various precisifications of the concepts involved, I show that it holds for all consistent and recursively axiomatizable theories that postulate infinitely many theoretical entities.
The Relevance of Prior Offending to Risk and Need in Youth Family Violence: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Sheed Abigail T. , Simmons M. , Spivak B. , Papalia N. , McEwan T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The present study examines differences in the characteristics and recidivism risk of young people reported to police for family violence (FV) with a history of prior offending (generalists) and those only known to police for using FV (family-only).

Method
A population-based cohort of youth aged 10–24 years (N = 5014) who were reported to police for using FV over a four-month period in 2019 was examined and FV-related risk and need data extracted, with a six-month follow-up period for further police-reported FV. All data was extracted from police databases. Logistic regression with odds ratios as a measure of effect size were used to compare generalist and family-only cohorts. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess time to FV recidivism among the two cohorts, and to assess whether diversity of prior offending was associated with risk of FV recidivism among generalist youth.

Results
Generalists were more likely than family-only youth to be recorded as using FV in a high severity FV incident, be abusive across multiple relationships, and breach court orders. Generalists experienced a greater level of need and were more likely to engage in FV recidivism, and do so more quickly, than family-only youth. Diversity of prior offending among generalists was positively associated with risk of FV recidivism.

Conclusion
Compared to family-only youth, generalists represent a higher risk cohort with a greater level of need. History of prior offending among young people may be a simple and efficacious means of prioritising higher risk youth who use FV.
Data-driven method development and evaluation for indie mobile game publishing
Authors: Su Yanhui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the emergence of mobile distribution channels, the traditional game value chain has produced new changes, leading to the emergence of the mobile value chain. Independent (Indie) game developers can upload their games directly through third-party app stores and publish them themselves. However, many indie game developers have issues with game publishing, especially updating the new version, promoting the market, and forecasting revenue for their games. This paper aims to provide a method to guide indie mobile game developers with mobile publishing. This new method mainly focuses on addressing the main challenges from the indie game developer’s side. The method includes a new concept of mobile game publishing logic and an online analysis tool along with the guidelines. It shows how to collect and analyze data and guide new version updates, marketing promotion, and revenue forecasts. In practice, the method was provided to six indie game companies and guided their mobile game publishing, and related data were collected and analyzed for evaluation. Based on the survey and interview results, the usefulness, usability, and confidence in the method were positive, and the method improved the indie game developers’ mobile game publishing and benefited their game business.
Analysis of Melatonin-Modulating Effects Against Tartrazine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Male Rats: Biochemical, Pathological and Immunohistochemical Markers
Authors: Essawy Amina E. , Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahiem , Ali Rania Gaber , Ali Awatef M. , Abdou Heba Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTartrazine (E-102) is one of the most widely used artificial food azo-colors that can be metabolized to highly sensitizing aromatic amines such as sulphanilic acid. These metabolites are oxidized to N-hydroxy derivatives that cause neurotoxicity. Melatonin is a neurohormone. That possesses a free-radical scavenging effect. The present work was mainly designed to evaluate the possible ameliorative role of melatonin against tartrazine induced neurotoxicity in cerebral cortex and cerebellum of male rats. Adult male rats were administered orally with tartrazine (7.5 mg/kg) with or without melatonin (10 mg/kg) daily for four weeks. The data revealed that tartrazine induced redox disruptions as measured by significant (p < 0.05) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and inhibition of (GSH) concentration and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzyme activities. Besides, brain acetyl cholin (Ach) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were elevated while, dopamine (DA) was depleted in trtrazine -treated rats. Moreover, tartrazine caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the brain interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). At the tissue level, tartrazine caused severe histopathological changes in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats. The immunohistochemical results elucidated strong positive expression for Caspase-3 and GFAP and weak immune reaction for BcL2 and synaptophysin in tatrazine- treated rats. The administration of melatonin to tartrazine -administered rats remarkably alleviated all the aforementioned tartrzine-induced effects. It could be concluded that, melatonin has a potent ameliorative effect against tartrazine induced neurotoxicity via the attenuation of oxidative/antioxidative responses.
Policing Child Protection: Motivational Postures of Contesting Third Parties
Authors: Braithwaite Valerie , Ivec Mary 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChild protection reform has been difficult, despite evidence that practice should be more child-centred, respectful and responsively inclusive of family and communities. An Australian survey of 387 third parties working with statutory child protection authorities revealed widespread support for reform, but significant opposition to child protection authorities. Only police aligned themselves with child protection authorities. Welfare and family workers were most likely to have defiant postures of resistance and disengagement and to criticize child protection authorities for their bureaucratic ritualism, poor accountability, low trustworthiness and social exclusion. Lawyers and special service providers shared some of these criticisms, while health and educational professionals remained neutral. System reform is likely to grind to a halt when essential third parties are adopting oppositional positions. Principle-led communities of practice that are multidisciplinary and community-inclusive may offer the best hope for cutting through reform gridlock and broadening and deepening capabilities.
Radioligand therapy (RLT) as neoadjuvant treatment for inoperable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a literature review
Authors: Urso Luca , Nieri Alberto , Rambaldi Ilaria , Castello Angelo , Uccelli Licia , Cittanti Corrado , Panareo Stefano , Gagliardi Irene , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Bartolomei Mirco 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the last 10 years, several literature reports supported radioligand therapy (RLT) in neoadjuvant settings for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Indeed, primary tumor shrinkage has been frequently reported following RLT in unresectable or borderline resectable PanNETs. Moreover, RLT-induced intratumoral modifications facilitate surgery, both on primary tumor and metastasis, having a great impact on progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL). However, prospective controlled investigations are necessary to confirm preliminary data and to define the best RLT scheme and the ideal patient that, in a multidisciplinary approach, should be referred to neoadjuvant RLT.
Do attachment-related differences in reflective functioning explain associations between expressed emotion and youth self-harm?
Authors: Kennedy-Turner Jamie , Sawrikar Vilas , Clark Lucy , Griffiths Helen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Youth self-harm is associated with poor health outcomes and attempted and completed suicide. Associations exist between self-harm and expressed emotion (EE), attachment insecurity, and reflective functioning (RF), but these associations are poorly understood. This study evaluates a mediation model in which perceived caregiver EE (pEE) exerts an indirect effect on youth self-harm through attachment insecurity and RF uncertainty. 461 participants aged 16–24 years completed an online survey. Statistical analyses revealed significant direct effects of pEE on attachment insecurity, and of RF uncertainty on self-harm; however, some direct effects were specific to pEE from female caregivers, and attachment insecurity in youth relationships with female caregivers. A significant direct effect of pEE on self-harm was found for pEE from male caregivers only. Significant indirect effects of pEE on self-harm through attachment anxiety and RF uncertainty were found only in relation to female caregivers. The findings encourage family-, attachment-, and mentalization-based approaches to preventing and treating youth self-harm, with a recommendation that caregivers are given adequate support, education, and skills-based training following youth disclosures of self-harm.
Focal-type, but not Diffuse-type, Amyloid Beta Plaques are Correlated with Alzheimer’s Neuropathology, Cognitive Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation in the Human Hippocampus
Authors: Liu Fan , Sun Jianru , Wang Xue , Jin Sixuan , Sun Fengrun , Wang Tao , Yuan Bo , Qiu Wenying , Ma Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmyloid beta (Aβ) plaques are one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, currently available anti-amyloid therapies fail to show effectiveness in the treatment of AD in humans. It has been found that there are different types of Aβ plaque (diffuse and focal types) in the postmortem human brain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlations among different types of Aβ plaque and AD-related neuropathological and cognitive changes based on a postmortem human brain bank in China. The results indicated that focal plaques, but not diffuse plaques, significantly increased with age in the human hippocampus. We also found that the number of focal plaques was positively correlated with the severity of AD-related neuropathological changes (measured by the “ABC” scoring system) and cognitive decline (measured by the Everyday Cognitive Insider Questionnaire). Furthermore, most of the focal plaques were co-localized with neuritic plaques (identified by Bielschowsky silver staining) and accompanied by microglial and other inflammatory cells. Our findings suggest the potential of using focal-type but not general Aβ plaques as biomarkers for the neuropathological evaluation of AD.
Immunological Markers for Central Nervous System Glia
Authors: Huang Hao , He Wanjun , Tang Tao , Qiu Mengsheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are composed of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. They contribute more than half of the total cells of the CNS, and are essential for neural development and functioning. Studies on the fate specification, differentiation, and functional diversification of glial cells mainly rely on the proper use of cell- or stage-specific molecular markers. However, as cellular markers often exhibit different specificity and sensitivity, careful consideration must be given prior to their application to avoid possible confusion. Here, we provide an updated overview of a list of well-established immunological markers for the labeling of central glia, and discuss the cell-type specificity and stage dependency of their expression.
Ataxia Rating Scales Reveal Increased Scores in Very Preterm Born 5–6-Year-Old Preschool Children and Young Adults
Authors: Albayrak Bilge , Dathe Anne-Kathrin , Heuser-Spura Katharina Maria , Felderhoff-Mueser Ursula , Timmann Dagmar , Huening Britta Maria 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether scores in ataxia rating scales (ARS) are different in very preterm (VP) preschool and adult participants compared to term controls. This is a case–control study. Sixty VP children (years: 5.5–6.5; gestational age: 23.9–31.7 weeks) and 56 VP adults (years: 17.8–27.9; gestational age: 23.3–32.0 weeks) without major cerebral lesions participated in the study; 60-age and sex-matched term children and 64 term adults for comparison were used in the study intervened with the assessment with International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Main outcome measures are primary outcome: total icars and sara scores in preterm (vp) participants versus controls. Results showed that VP children showed significantly higher total ICARS (M 15.98, SD 6.29, range 4.0–32.0; p < .001) and SARA scores (M 6.5, SD 2.53, range 1.0–15.0; p < .001) than controls (ICARS: M 9.17, SD 3.88, range 2.0–20.0; SARA: M 3.51, SD 1.54, range 1.0–8.0). VP adults also showed significantly higher total ICARS (M 1.0, SD 1.99, range 0.0–11.0; p < .001) and SARA scores (M 0.54, SD 1.08, range 0.0–6.0; p < .001) than controls (ICARS: M 0.11, SD 0.44, range 0.0–2.0; SARA: M 0.04, SD 0.18, range 0.0–1.0). In conclusion, VP children showed significantly higher scores in ARS than controls. These differences were also present in VP adults, suggesting that deficits likely prevail until adulthood. ARS are a time and cost-effective method to screen for difficulties in coordination and balance in a patient group at risk.
Karst Heritage as a Tourist Attraction: a Case Study in the White Desert National Park, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Khalaf Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Geotourism is a form of maintainable tourism that emphasizes the geoheritage characteristics of a district. Karst landforms are one of the most imperative appealing aspects of the theme of nature-based tourism. The geomorphological regionalization of the karst landforms contributes to a better understanding of Earthʼs evolution and provides the necessary provincial knowledge for resource utilization, ecological protection, and general economic improvement. To achieve this goal, an integrated geomorphological approach for inventorying, appraising, and evaluating sites of karst geoheritage within the framework of geomorphosite assessment method convoyed by SWOT analysis has been performed in the White Desert National Park (WDNP), Western Desert, Egypt. The paper aims to highlight the geotourism potential of the WDNP and offer strategic plans for identifying geotourist resources to a larger community through geoeducation and geoconservation. The WDNP is covered by Upper Cretaceous-Late Tertiary karstified carbonate successions and fluvioclastic rocks that host an interesting assemblage of diverse karst landforms (geodiversity) and amazing flora (bioturbation mangrove roots) together with fauna (biodiversity), revealing a geological open-air museum. The karst sites, which offer several phenomena with significant lithological, morphological, and paleogeographic features, embrace aesthetic, educational, scientific/scenic, and touristic values that will endure spectators of the geological evolution of this province. The brilliant conspicuousness, scientific excellence, innovative appeal, and distinctiveness of karst geomorphosites involving poljes/uvalas, karst lakes, natural sculptures, mushrooms, inselbergs, towers/bridges, dolines/sinkholes, cones/domes, and speleothems deliberate resources for the progress of geotourism. These landscapes can be considered tools for science and education because they give knowledge about rock/soil types and rock permeability, and paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic circumstances. Most of their landforms can be used as habitats for endangered bird species, which attract several sightseers, an indicative of ecological significance. This excellent karst geodiversity provides an appreciated tool for geotourism and geopark development that is preferred to raise the local economy for populations and reinforce rural growth in neighboring towns and cities. The paper’s findings reveal a comprehensive base for the improvement, planning, and management of the WDNP in order for it to become a geotourism endpoint. Furthermore, they improve the position of the WDNP in the tourist market and contribute to the local maintainable progress via giving socio-economic assistance to the local community for the advancement of geotourism through geoconservation and sustainability.
Overview and quality assessment of volcanic tuffs in the Mexican building heritage
Authors: Siegesmund Siegfried , Pötzl Christopher , López-Doncel Rubén , Gross Christian J. , Dohrmann Reiner , Ufer Kristian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany cultural heritage sites in Mexico have been built with volcanic tuff rocks from the earliest Central American civilizations to the time of the Spanish conquest and up to the present. Throughout this long period of time, the stones have been subjected to progressive weathering as evidenced by different types of damage phenomenon such as scaling, sanding, crumbling, sugaring and salt efflorescence. This study utilizes a collection of 53 tuffs from different regions in Mexico that show a diverse range of colors, rock compositions and mineralogy, and heterogeneous rock fabrics indicative of their volcanic origin. Comprehensive investigations have been done that include detailed petrographic analyses, cathodoluminescence, clay mineral analyses, and the determination of a wide range of petrophysical properties (e.g., porosity, capillary water uptake, water absorption, sorption, hydric and thermal expansion, and mechanical properties). All analyzed data combined are used for derivation of some general trends concerning the suitability/durability of tuffs applied as natural building stones.
Sonographic findings in scabies
Authors: Dominguez-Santas M. , Roustan-Gullon G. , Alfageme-Roldan F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScabies is a cutaneous infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, a small mite that performs its whole life cycle within the epidermis. In this case report, we provide images of the sonographic signs of scabies. We found that the adult mite can be seen as a hyperechoic well-defined ovoid area within the epidermal layer at the end of the hypoechoic burrow, while the eggs correspond to tiny heteroechoic dots along the burrow. In conclusion, ultrasound may prove useful to differentiate between inhabited vs non-inhabited scabiotic burrows.
Insight into Atomic-Scale Adhesion at the C–Cu Interface During the Initial Stage of Nanoindentation
Authors: Gao Jian , Luo Xichun , Chang Wenlong , Wang Zhengjian , Yan Yongda , Geng Yanquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdhesion is a common phenomenon in nanomachining which affects processing accuracy and repeatability. As material removal approaches the atomic or close-to-atomic scale, quantum mechanics becomes the dominant principle behind the atomic-level interaction. However, atomic-scale effects cannot be properly described by empirical potential function-based molecular dynamics simulations. This study uses a first-principles method to reveal the atomic-scale adhesion between a diamond tip and a copper slab during initial-stage nanoindentation. Using a simplified tip and slab model, adhesion energy, electronic distribution, and density of states are analyzed based on quantum chemistry calculation. Results show that atomic adhesion is primarily due to the covalent bonding interaction between C and Cu atoms, which can induce structural changes to the diamond tip and copper slab. The effects of tip position and angles on adhesion are further studied through a series of simulations. The results show that adhesion between the tip and slab is sensitive to the lattice structure and a variant in angstroms is enough to cause different adhesion and structural changes. The actual determinants of adhesion can only be the atomic and electronic structures at the tip–slab interface. Bond rotation and breakage are observed during simulation and their effects on adhesion are further discussed. To conclude, the first-principles method is important for the analysis of an atomic-scale interaction system, even if only as an aid to describing adhesion at atomic and electronic scales.