bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method of Parametric Model Data Exchange and Reconstruction Based on Feature Script
Authors: Ye Peng , Zhang Yonggang , Wang Yanglan , Huang Geying , Guo Lianshui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In collaborative product development (CPD), iterative design with heterogeneous CAD systems is always completed by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and other suppliers around the world. Therefore, product data exchanges among different heterogeneous CAD systems are crucial in CPD. However, the major bottleneck is that parametric part models of complex products cannot be exchanged among heterogeneous CAD systems. Published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) is the most common solution for geometry-based data exchanges and product annotations in the manufacturing industry. However, the exchanged STEP parts cannot be modified due to the loss of important information including modeling history, parameters and constraints, which involve the design intent. Therefore, the challenge of modification on exchanged parts needs to be overcome for iterative design in heterogeneous CAD systems of the manufacturing industry.
In this paper, a method of part parametric model data exchange and reconstruction based on feature script is proposed. The main idea is features, which include reference features (like datum-plane, datum-axis, and datum-point), shape features (like extrude and rotation), auxiliary features (like fillet and chamfer), and sketch features. These features are taken as the fundamental elements of a part in CAD system, and each is defined by feature script and saved as an extensible markup language (XML) node. The feature modeling history of a part is regarded as a tree structure, which can be converted to an XML tree structure. In part model reconstruction, the proposed method utilizes a persistent naming mechanism and geometric data to identify topological entities, and then realize the persistence of constraint information and parameter driving of part model.
The proposed method will be applied to part data exchange and parametric model reconstruction among heterogeneous CAD systems in the following process: (i) the feature tree and parameters of the parametric model are obtained in the source CAD system; (ii) the feature model data is translated into feature script and saved as XML format file; (iii) the feature script file is read, and the parametric model is reconstructed in the target CAD system according to modeling history. In order to verify the accuracy of data exchange and model reconstruction between Creo and CATIA, a method on constraints equivalence analysis and feature comparison is also proposed for analyzing the similarities and differences between source and target parametric models. In addition, a case study is presented to demonstrate the potentials of the proposed method for parametric-feature model exchanges among heterogeneous CAD systems in web-based collaborative product development.
Educating Historically Black Colleges and Universities Innovators About the Commercialization of Innovation by the Customer Discovery Process
Authors: Addo Sampson , Tyagi Pawan , Shetty Devdas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) innovators lag behind their non-HBCU counterparts in the commercialization of innovations as they were originally set up as teaching and blue-collar trade institutions. There exists a strong need for education and training to bridge this gap by promoting the commercialization of innovations in HBCUs and thus transform next-generation HBCU innovators into entrepreneurs. HBCUs are promoting entrepreneurial education and mindset via changes in engineering education programs and curriculums. Several federally funded programs like the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) Center for Nanotechnology Research Excellence (CNRE) are promoting innovation and intellectual property generation at HBCUs. NSF I-Corps Program supports the education and training of innovators about the commercialization of mature or patented innovations at HBCUs. The NSF I-Corps Introduction to Customer Discovery explores strategies in identifying key customer segments through extensive customer interviews, which is a fundamental step in the commercialization process. This paper discusses our educational experience in the customer discovery process for Pumpless Solar Thermal Air Heater (Patent Number 10775058). To learn about prospective customers’ attitudes and perceptions of the innovation, we conducted 30 interviews with potential customers (end users). Our innovation is focused on providing portable, cost-effective, healthy, and environmentally friendly space heating solutions. We tested several hypotheses about the value proposition of our innovation during interviews to explore the market segments for potential commercialization. During the Customer Discovery process, we came to know about new issues such as health issues caused by the dry air in winter. We also learned that mitigation of problems due to the current heating system required a humidifier to reduce health issues that added additional cost. Based on our interviews our innovation is suitable for customers needing: (i) Heating source mitigating health issues, (ii) add-on technology to reduce their heating bills. Our next step is to pursue market segments for our innovation. We plan to utilize the current experience of commercialization of intellectual property to develop training modules for the MECH 302 Undergraduate Research Experience and MECH 500 Research Methods and Technical Communication courses offered under the mechanical engineering program at the University of the District of Columbia (UDC).
Digital Twin: Universal User Interface for Online Management of the Manufacturing System
Authors: Kuts Vladimir , Bondarenko Yevhen , Gavriljuk Marietta , Paryshev Andriy , Jegorov Sergei , Pizzagall Simone , Otto Tauno 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Industry 4.0 concept enables connecting a multitude of equipment to computer simulations through IoT and virtual commissioning, but using conventional interfaces for each separate piece of equipment for control and maintenance of Digital Twins is not always an optimal solution. Industrial Digital Twins software toolkits usually consist of simulation or offline programming tools. It can even connect real machines and controllers and sensors to feed a simulation with actual production data and later analyze it. Moreover, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are used in different ways for monitoring and design purposes. However, there are many software tools for the simulation and re-programming of robots on the market already, but those are a limited number of software that combine all these features, and all of those send data only in one way, not allowing to re-program machines from the simulations. The related research aims to build a modular framework for designing and deploying Digital Twins of industrial equipment (i.e., robots, manufacturing lines), focusing on online connectivity for monitoring and control. A developed use-case solution enables one to operate the equipment in VR/AR/Personal Computer (PC) and mobile interfaces from any point globally while receiving real-time feedback and state information of the machinery equipment. Gamified multi-platform interfaces allow for more intuitive interactions with Digital Twins, providing a real-scale model of the real device, augmented by spatial UIs, actuated physical elements, and gesture tracking.
The introduced solution can control and simulate any aspect of the production line without limitation of brand or type of the machine and being managed and self-learning independently by exploiting Machine Learning algorithms. Moreover, various interfaces such as PC, mobile, VR, and AR give an unlimited number of options for interactions with your manufacturing shop floor both offline and online. Furthermore, when it comes to manufacturing floor data monitoring, all gathered data is being used for statistical analysis, and in a later phase, predictive maintenance functions are enabled based on it.
However, the research scope is broader; this particular research paper introduces a use-case interface on a mobile platform, monitoring and controlling the production unit of three various industrial- and three various mobile robots, partially supported by data monitoring sensors. The solution is developed using the game engine Unity3D, Robot Operation System (ROS), and MQTT for connectivity. Thus, developed is a universal modular Digital Twin all-in-one software platform for users and operators, enabling full control over the manufacturing system unit.
Experimental Study of Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in a Rectangular Microchannel by Digital Image Analysis Method
Authors: Yang Shuo , Kong Gaopan , Wu Zan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Study of mass transfer in microchannels is indispensable for the design of microreactors. Gas-phase volume monitoring method has been widely used to study the mass transfer process. When using this method, bubble length was measured in most studies to calculate the bubble volume by assuming a symmetrical bubble shape. Therefore, this method is not suitable for asymmetric bubbles. The present study focuses on the mass transfer of CO2 bubbles in a flat rectangular microchannel by using the method of digital image analysis (DIA), especially for deformed bubbles. The dynamics of gas-liquid flow at different volumetric flow rates were observed by a high-speed recording system. Flow patterns were mapped and scaling laws were given for bubble size and bubble velocity. The results showed that the bubble volume increases as gas flow rate increases, while decreases as liquid flow rate increases. It can be explained by the bubble breakup mechanism. Besides, the bubble velocity increases as gas and liquid flow rates increase. The mass transfer of CO2 from bubbles to liquid slugs was quantitatively characterized by volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa. The results showed that kLa and kL increase with increasing of superficial gas and liquid velocities. The same tendencies can be found in the literature. Finally, new mass transfer correlations were proposed. Predictions from the correlations showed a good agreement with the experimental data.
Measurements of Pulsation Generated Due to Turning Flow Into Side Branches of Different Diameter Ratios
Authors: Botros Kamal K. , Satish Hemanth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present investigation was motivated by a noticeable high-pressure pulsations and vibrations during commissioning of a centrifugal compressor on a high-pressure natural gas transmission system. During commissioning, the gas from the compressor discharge is recycled back to compressor inlet through a recycle line turning the gas flow from the main discharge line into a smaller diameter side branch, thus creating a deadleg due to the closure of a check valve farther downstream on the main discharge line. To better understand and characterize the flow generated pulsations due turning flow into side branches, an experimental setup was constructed on ambient air to test three side-branch to main pipe diameter ratios (d/D), nominally: 1.0, 0.75 and 0.5, over a wide range of mean flow velocities. Experimental results of the normalized pulsation pressure amplitudes (P*) vs. Strouhal number characterized the flow-acoustic field for the three d/D ratios and for acoustically tuned and detuned systems. It was found that P* decreases as d/D decreases for acoustically tuned systems. The highest P* was achieved with d/D = 1 which reached a value of 3.543 at St = 0.1376. At lower d/D = 0.762, the maximum value of P* decreased to 1.173 at a slightly lower St number of approximately 0.1. In the case of d/D = 0.5132, the normalized pressure P* was further reduced to a very low value of 0.2462 at a wider range of St number. Acoustically tuned system is characterized by having the highest anti-nodal point of acoustic velocity oscillation at the Tee-junction location in the axial direction of the main pipe, with minimum acoustic leakage into the side branch. When the system is acoustically detuned, i.e., when the axial acoustic velocity oscillations at the Tee-junction is reduced, the strength of the local acoustic source at the junction is also reduced resulting in a lower peak normalized pressure amplitude at the deadleg. The peak amplitudes of pressure pulsations occur at frequencies exactly matching the deadleg 1/4 wavelength resonance, whether it is tuned or detuned with respect to the inlet section. That is, the peak frequencies tracked the changes in the deadleg length and was not influenced by the inlet section acoustic resonance characteristics. This led to the postulation that the main driver of the flow-generated pulsations, i.e., the acoustic source is associated with the high-shear area of the flow facing the deadleg at the trailing edge of the Tee-junction rather than the ‘vortex bubble’ due to flow separation at the leading edge of the side branch.
A Numerical Hybrid Finite Element Model for Lattice Structures Using 3D/Beam Elements
Authors: Tahmasebimoradi Ahmadali , Mang Chetra , Lorang Xavier 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, a numerically hybrid model is presented for the lattice structures to reduce the computational cost of the simulations. This approach consists of utilization of solid elements for the junctions and beam elements for the microbeams connecting the corresponding junctions to each other. To take into account the geometric defects, for each microbeam of the lattice structures, an ellipse is fitted to capture the effect of shape variation and roughness. Having the parameters of the ellipses, the lattice structures are constructed in Spaceclaim (ANSYS) using the geometrical hybrid approach. When the global response of the structure is linear, the results from the hybrid models are in good agreement with the ones from the 3D models. However, the hybrid models have difficulty to converge when the effect of large deformation and local plasticity are considerable in the BCCZ structures. For BCCZ lattice structures, the results are not affected by the junction’s size. This is also valid for BCC lattice structures as long as the ratio of the junction’s size to the diameter of the microbeams is greater than 2.
Multilayer Separation Effects on MoS2 Membranes in Water Desalination
Authors: Oviroh Peter Ozaveshe , Oyinbo Sunday Temitope , Karimzadeh Sina , Jen Tien-Chien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Climate change and its related effects are imposing severe stress on the current freshwater supplies. This has been exacerbated due to the growth in population, rapid industrialization, and increased energy demand. Increased water requirement is a global challenge. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by water, much of it is unusable for human use. Freshwater reservoirs, ponds, and subterranean aquifers account for just 2.5% of the world’s overall freshwater availability. Unfortunately, these water supplies are not very unevenly spread. Therefore, the need to augment these supplies through the desalination of seawater or brackish water.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is currently the most widespread method of desalination. However, the unit cost of water is still high partly due to the thin-film composite (TFC) polymer membranes used in the current desalination system. Thus the need for low-cost nanomaterials for Water Desalination and Purification. A promising way to meet this demand is to use two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous materials such as graphene and MoS2 to minimize energy consumption during the desalination process. New nanotechnology methodologies that apply reverse osmosis have been developed. Among some of these technologies is using 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2, which have been studied extensively for water desalination.
Single-layer nanoporous 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2 promises better filtrations in the water channel. Although single-layer MoS2 (SL_MoS2) membrane have much promise in the RO desalination membrane, multilayer MoS2 are simpler to make and more cost-efficient. Building on the SL_MoS2 membrane knowledge, we have used the molecular dynamics method (MD) to explore the effects of multilayer MoS2 in water desalination. This comparison is made as a function of the pore size, water flow rate and salt rejection. In addition, we also looked at the effect of the increased interlayer spacing between layers of the nanoporous 2D membrane and then made the comparison.
The ions rejection follows the trend trilayer&gt; bilayer&gt; monolayer from results obtained, averaging over all three membrane types studied for the MoS2, the ions rejection follows the trend trilayer &gt; bilayer &gt; monolayer. We find that the thin, narrow layer separation plays a vital role in the successful rejection of salt ions in bilayers and trilayers membranes. These findings will help build and proliferate tunable nanodevices for filtration and other applications.
Probabilistic Optimization Approach for Damage Identification Using Frequency Response
Authors: Altammar Hussain , Kaul Sudhir , Dhingra Anoop 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel probabilistic optimization approach to identify damage characteristics by using the frequency response function (FRF). The proposed approach has been developed to predict the probability of damage existence and to further identify salient details about damage location and damage severity in a probabilistic manner. The optimization problem has been developed as a function of measured and simulated frequency responses and is formulated in a multi-stage sequence to detect the probability of damage parameters including crack depth and crack location while minimizing uncertainties in the analysis outcomes. To demonstrate the proposed approach, a simply supported beam has been modeled with an open edge crack and characterized by using Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM). Several frequency responses obtained from the structure have been incorporated with different levels of noise to evaluate the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm has been tested through multiple simulations with various damage characteristics and different levels of noise. In all cases, the proposed algorithm has successfully predicted the presence of damage with a relatively high probability. Evaluation of the results demonstrates that the probabilistic optimization approach provides significant advantages over conventional deterministic methods for damage detection in structural health monitoring.
Application of Block-Based Programming to the Selected Open-Source Quadrupedal Platform for Improving Robotics Training
Authors: Vollaro Stephen , Wein Mason , Tatoglu Akin , Sohn Kiwon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Quadruped robots offer a mechanism with a highly dynamical equation of motion and a complex control system not only to maintain a gait motion but also to control individual torque values at different coordinates. A previously developed open-source quadruped platform was used, slightly modified in mechanical design, and then implemented visual tools that can serve different levels of curriculums and research. Additive manufacturing reduced cost of sensors and actuators enabled rapid prototyping of these complex robots. As a result, it can be used for wide variety of purposes from graduate research to K-12 education. Additionally, it is important for students to be exposed to more complex dynamical systems at an earlier stage of their education. A visual coding suitable for any researcher or student with limited programming skills was developed so they can rapidly start working with the system. While this robot is used in higher education, it also offers a full-scale platform to study control, path and motion planning algorithms with an access to the open-source code. The final product, named Mini-HART, uses two microcontroller units, MCUs, a Raspberry Pi for higher education and an Arduino Mega for the selected Ardublock Visual Programming.
Stability Performance of a Stochastic Toolpath in Machining
Authors: Grimm Tyler J. , Kharat Nilesh Ashok , Potthoff Nils , Mears Laine , Wiederkehr Petra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The overall quality and efficiency of a machined part relies heavily on the tool path that is used. A more recently developed toolpath method is known as trochoidal milling, which is also known by several other terms, such as adaptive milling, circular milling, or volume clearing. In order to follow the contours of the final geometry, this path can give rise to a significant number of direction changes, which result in highly variable force directions on the tool. Chatter, or self-excited vibration that occurs at the tool or workpiece, can therefore be mitigated or avoided since periodic resonance does not have time to increase the vibration’s amplitude.
A randomized variation of the trochoidal path is tested in this research. Using this new proposed method, stochastic behavior of the toolpath is implemented. The toolpath consists entirely of circular arcs, which drive the tool in a pseudo-random fashion. The stability of such a path is examined in this work. A key parameter of this path is the allowable radius range of the circular arcs. It was found that the most efficient path utilized a median parameter value, illustrating an overall negative parabolic relationship between path efficiency and tool path radius. It was also discovered that smaller arcs reduced chatter. Future studies will explore the behaviors of this path for milling 3D surfaces.