bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rupture Directivity of Moderate Earthquakes Along the Main Marmara Fault Suggests Larger Ground Motion Towards Istanbul
Authors: Chen Xiang , Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Bohnhoff Marco , Cotton Fabrice 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnalysis of earthquake rupture directivity provides key information for seismic hazard and risk assessment, particularly for faults near urban areas. We analyze directivity patterns for 31 well‐constrained 3.5 earthquakes along the Main Marmara Fault, in direct proximity to Istanbul. We calculate source mechanisms with a waveform modeling approach and analyze earthquake directivity from apparent source‐time functions using empirical Green's functions. Most of the strike‐slip earthquakes to the west of the Princes Islands segment display a predominantly asymmetric rupture toward the east with the median directivity trending 85°, consistent with the Main Marmara Fault strike. Consequently, earthquake ground shaking may be more pronounced toward Istanbul. This holds potentially for a large earthquake on the Main Marmara Fault which is late in its seismic cycle. Our results motivate the importance of evaluating the impact of eastward asymmetric ruptures on the probabilistic seismic hazard and risk assessment around Istanbul.
Impacts of Wave‐Current Interaction in Coupled Storm Surge‐Wave Model
Authors: Papandreou Angelos , Hara Tetsu , Ginis Isaac 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn existing two‐dimensional (depth integrated) storm surge models coupled with wave models, the surface wave effect is traditionally included as the radiation stress gradient forcing, which accounts for momentum transfer from surface waves to currents. However, recent studies on wave‐current interactions indicate that radiation stress alone does not fully capture the impact of waves on ocean currents and sea surface elevation. In this study, we derive new governing equations for two‐dimensional storm surge models to incorporate more comprehensive wave‐current interactions. Instead of using vertically integrated Eulerian currents, our formulation is based on vertically integrated Lagrangian currents, which include the wave Stokes drift. The resulting momentum equations include a new wave‐induced forcing term that depends on both waves and currents, in addition to the radiation stress gradient. We incorporated the new term into the Advanced Circulation storm surge model, coupled with the Wavewatch III wave model, and simulated storm surges during Hurricanes Michael (2018) and Ian (2022). Our results indicate that, while the radiation stress forcing significantly increases water levels (by 0.4 m or more) over a large area to the right of the storm track, the new wave‐induced forcing causes a notable reduction in water levels (up to 0.3 m) near the storm track shortly before the storm makes landfall. This reduction is attributed to the alignment of strong currents and waves in the alongshore direction.
Inhibition of GSK3β is synthetic lethal with FHIT loss in lung cancer by blocking homologous recombination repair
Authors: Tao Shishi , Pu Yue , Yang Eun Ju , Ren Guowen , Shi Changxiang , Chen Li-Jie , Chen Liang , Shim Joong Sup 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
FHIT is a fragile site tumor suppressor that is primarily inactivated upon tobacco smoking. FHIT loss is frequently observed in lung cancer, making it an important biomarker for the development of targeted therapy for lung cancer. Here, we report that inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and the homologous recombination DNA repair (HRR) pathway are synthetic lethal with FHIT loss in lung cancer. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA depletion of GSK3β selectively suppressed the growth of FHIT-deficient lung cancer tumors in vitro and in animal models. We further showed that FHIT inactivation leads to the activation of DNA damage repair pathways, including the HRR and NHEJ pathways, in lung cancer cells. Conversely, FHIT-deficient cells are highly dependent on HRR for survival under DNA damage stress. The inhibition of GSK3β in FHIT-deficient cells suppressed the ATR/BRCA1/RAD51 axis in HRR signaling via two distinct pathways and suppressed DNA double-strand break repair, leading to the accumulation of DNA damage and apoptosis. Small molecule inhibitors of HRR, but not NHEJ or PARP, induced synthetic lethality in FHIT-deficient lung cancer cells. The findings of this study suggest that the GSK3β and HRR pathways are potential drug targets in lung cancer patients with FHIT loss.
Smoother sea ice with fewer pressure ridges in a more dynamic Arctic
Authors: Krumpen Thomas , von Albedyll Luisa , Bünger H. Jakob , Castellani Giulia , Hartmann Jörg , Helm Veit , Hendricks Stefan , Hutter Nils , Landy Jack C. , Lisovski Simeon , Lüpkes Christof , Rohde Jan , Suhrhoff Mira , Haas Christian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPressure ridges, formed by sea ice deformation, affect momentum transfer in the Arctic Ocean and support a larger biomass than the surrounding-level ice. Although trends in Arctic sea ice thickness and concentration are well documented, changes in ridge morphology remain unclear. This study provides airborne-based evidence of a shift towards a smoother ice surface, with fewer pressure ridges and reduced surface drag, attributed to the loss of old ice. Furthermore, an increase in seasonal ice cover enhances overall deformation in the Arctic and acts as a negative feedback mechanism on pan-Arctic ridge morphology: the greater the proportion of seasonal ice, the higher the pan-Arctic mean ridge rate, dampening an overall decline in ridges with age. While thinner and less frequent ridges benefit industries such as shipping, these changes are likely to have profound impacts on the energy and mass balance and the ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean.
Perceived climate change impacts and adaptation responses in ten African mountain regions
Authors: Cuni-Sanchez Aida , Aneseyee Abreham B. , Baderha Ghislain K. R. , Batumike Rodrigue , Bitariho Robert , Imani Gerard , Jha Nisha , Kaganzi Kaiza R. , Kaplin Beth A. , Klein Julia A. , Leite Ana , Marchant Robert A. , Martin Emanuel H. , Mcharazo Fatuma , Mwangi Ben , Ngute Alain S. K. , Nkengurutse Jacques , Nkurunziza Aline , Olaka Lydia , Soromessa Teshome , Tchoffo Romeo O. K. , Thorn Jessica P. R. , Twinomuhangi Isaac , Sullivan Martin J. P. , Zafra-Calvo Noelia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mountain regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Yet, little is known about local adaptation responses in African mountain regions, especially if these are incremental or transformational. First, using household questionnaires, we interviewed 1,500 farmers across ten African mountain regions to investigate perceived climate change impacts and adaptation responses. Second, through a reflective process involving all co-authors, we identified: (1) main constraints and opportunities for adaptation, and (2) if adaptation was incremental or transformational. Questionnaire data show that farmers in all sites perceive multiple impacts, and that they mostly respond by intensifying farming practices and using off-farm labour. We established that, while several constraints were shared across sites, others were context specific; and that adaptation was mostly incremental, but that certain attributes (for example, social capital) made three sites in East Africa slightly more transformational.
Seasonal productivity of the equatorial Atlantic shaped by distinct wind-driven processes
Authors: Brandt Peter , Körner Mareike , Moum James N. , Roch Marisa , Subramaniam Ajit , Czeschel Rena , Krahmann Gerd , Dengler Marcus , Kiko Rainer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The eastern equatorial Atlantic hosts a productive marine ecosystem that depends on upward supply of nitrate, the primary limiting nutrient in this region. The annual productivity peak, indicated by elevated surface chlorophyll levels, occurs in the Northern Hemisphere summer, roughly coinciding with strengthened easterly winds. For enhanced productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, nitrate-rich water must rise into the turbulent layer above the Equatorial Undercurrent. Using data from two trans-Atlantic equatorial surveys, along with extended time series from equatorial moorings, we demonstrate how three independent wind-driven processes shape the seasonality of equatorial Atlantic productivity: (1) the nitracline shoals in response to intensifying easterly winds; (2) the depth of the Equatorial Undercurrent core, defined by maximum eastward velocity, is controlled by an annual oscillation of basin-scale standing equatorial waves; and (3) mixing intensity in the shear zone above the Equatorial Undercurrent core is governed by local and instantaneous winds. The interplay of these three mechanisms shapes a unique seasonal cycle of nutrient supply and productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, with a productivity minimum in April due to a shallow Equatorial Undercurrent and a productivity maximum in July resulting from a shallow nitracline coupled with enhanced mixing.
Rapid rise in atmospheric CO2 marked the end of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age
Authors: Jurikova Hana , Garbelli Claudio , Whiteford Ross , Reeves Theodore , Laker Gemma M. , Liebetrau Volker , Gutjahr Marcus , Eisenhauer Anton , Savickaite Kotryna , Leng Melanie J. , Iurino Dawid Adam , Viaretti Marco , Tomašových Adam , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Wen-qian , Shi G. R. , Shen Shu-zhong , Rae James W. B. , Angiolini Lucia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 is thought to play a fundamental role in Earth’s climate regulation. Yet, for much of Earth’s geological past, atmospheric CO2 has been poorly constrained, hindering our understanding of transitions between cool and warm climates. Beginning ~370 million years ago in the Late Devonian and ending ~260 million years ago in the Permian, the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age was the last major glaciation preceding the current Late Cenozoic Ice Age and possibly the most intense glaciation witnessed by complex lifeforms. From the onset of the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age in the mid-Mississippian ~330 million years ago, the Earth is thought to have sustained glacial conditions, with continental ice accumulating in high to mid-latitudes. Here we present an 80-million-year-long boron isotope record within a proxy framework for robust quantification of CO2. Our record reveals that the main phase of the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age glaciation was maintained by prolonged low CO2, unprecedented in Earth’s history. About 294 million years ago, atmospheric CO2 rose abruptly (4-fold), releasing the Earth from its penultimate ice age and transforming the Early Permian into a warmer world.
Autogene cevumeran with or without atezolizumab in advanced solid tumors: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Lopez Juanita , Powles Thomas , Braiteh Fadi , Siu Lillian L. , LoRusso Patricia , Friedman Claire F. , Balmanoukian Ani S. , Gordon Michael , Yachnin Jeffrey , Rottey Sylvie , Karydis Ioannis , Fisher George A. , Schmidt Marcus , Schuler Martin , Sullivan Ryan J. , Burris Howard A. , Galvao Vladimir , Henick Brian S. , Dirix Luc , Jaeger Dirk , Ott Patrick A. , Wong Kit Man , Jerusalem Guy , Schiza Aglaia , Fong Lawrence , Steeghs Neeltje , Leidner Rom S. , Rittmeyer Achim , Laurie Scott A. , Gort Eelke , Aljumaily Raid , Melero Ignacio , Sabado Rachel L. , Rhee Ina , Mancuso Michael R. , Muller Lars , Fine Gregg D. , Yadav Mahesh , Kim Leesun , Leveque Vincent J. P. , Robert Alberto , Darwish Martine , Qi Ting , Zhu Jiawen , Zhang Jingbin , Twomey Patrick , Rao Gautham K. , Low Donald W. , Petry Chris , Lo Amy A. , Schartner Jill M. , Delamarre Lélia , Mellman Ira , Löwer Martin , Müller Felicitas , Derhovanessian Evelyna , Cortini Andrea , Manning Luisa , Maurus Daniel , Brachtendorf Sebastian , Lörks Verena , Omokoko Tana , Godehardt Eva , Becker Dirk , Hawner Christine , Wallrapp Christine , Albrecht Christian , Kröner Christoph , Tadmor Arbel D. , Diekmann Jan , Vormehr Mathias , Jork Anette , Paruzynski Anna , Lang Maren , Blake Jonathon , Hennig Oliver , Kuhn Andreas N. , Sahin Ugur , Türeci Özlem , Camidge D. Ross 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Effective targeting of somatic cancer mutations to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy requires an individualized approach. Autogene cevumeran is a uridine messenger RNA lipoplex-based individualized neoantigen-specific immunotherapy designed from tumor-specific somatic mutation data obtained from tumor tissue of each individual patient to stimulate T cell responses against up to 20 neoantigens. This ongoing phase 1 study evaluated autogene cevumeran as monotherapy (n = 30) and in combination with atezolizumab (n = 183) in pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors. The primary objective was safety and tolerability; exploratory objectives included evaluation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, preliminary antitumor activity and immunogenicity. Non-prespecified interim analysis showed that autogene cevumeran was well tolerated and elicited poly-epitopic neoantigen-specific responses, encompassing CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells, in 71% of patients, most of them undetectable at baseline. Responses were detectable up to 23 months after treatment initiation. CD8+ T cells specific for several neoantigens constituted a median of 7.3% of circulating CD8+ T cells, reaching up to 23% in some patients. Autogene cevumeran-induced T cells were found within tumor lesions constituting up to 7.2% of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Clinical activity was observed, including one objective response in monotherapy dose escalation and in two patients with disease characteristics unfavorable for response to immunotherapy treated in combination with atezolizumab. These findings support the continued development of autogene cevumeran in earlier treatment lines. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03289962.
Ferric carboxymaltose for anemia in late pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pasricha Sant-Rayn , Moya Ernest , Ataíde Ricardo , Mzembe Glory , Harding Rebecca , Mwangi Martin N. , Zinenani Truwah , Prang Khic-Houy , Kaunda Justina , Mtambo Owen P. L. , Vokhiwa Maclean , Mhango Gomezgani , Mamani-Mategula Elisabeth , Fielding Katherine , Demir Ayşe , Von Dinklage Naomi , Verhoef Hans , McLean Alistair RD , Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Braat Sabine , Phiri Kamija S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over 46% of African pregnant women are anemic. Oral iron is recommended but often suboptimal, particularly late in pregnancy. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) could treat anemia in women in the third trimester in sub-Saharan Africa. In an open-label, individually randomized trial in antenatal clinics in southern Malawi, we randomized 590 women at 27–35 weeks of gestation with capillary hemoglobin <10.0 g dl−1 to FCM (20 mg kg−1 up to 1,000 mg, once at enrollment) or standard of care (60 mg elemental iron, twice daily for 90 days). Participants and their infants were followed to 4 weeks postpartum. Primary outcomes were maternal anemia at 36 weeks’ gestation or delivery (whichever occurred first) and neonatal birthweight. At the primary timepoint, 126 of 270 (46.7%) of women in the FCM group were anemic, compared to 170 of 271 (67.3%) women in the standard-of-care group (PR, 0.74 (95% CI 0.64, 0.87); P = 0.0002). There was no difference between groups in birthweight (mean difference 10.9 g (−65.7, 87.5 g); P = 0.78). No serious infusion-related reactions occurred, and there were no differences in adverse events between groups. In Malawian women in late pregnancy, FCM effectively and safely reduced anemia before childbirth. Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial registration: ANZCTR12621001239853
Typical development of synaptic and neuronal properties can proceed without microglia in the cortex and thalamus
Authors: O’Keeffe Mary , Booker Sam A. , Walsh Darren , Li Mosi , Henley Chloe , Simões de Oliveira Laura , Liu Mingshan , Wang Xingran , Banqueri Maria , Ridley Katherine , Dissanayake Kosala N. , Martinez-Gonzalez Cristina , Craigie Kirsty J. , Vasoya Deepali , Leah Tom , He Xin , Hume David A. , Duguid Ian , Nolan Matthew F. , Qiu Jing , Wyllie David J. A. , Dando Owen R. , Gonzalez-Sulser Alfredo , Gan Jian , Pridans Clare , Kind Peter C. , Hardingham Giles E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Brain-resident macrophages, microglia, have been proposed to have an active role in synaptic refinement and maturation, influencing plasticity and circuit-level connectivity. Here we show that several neurodevelopmental processes previously attributed to microglia can proceed without them. Using a genetically modified mouse that lacks microglia (Csf1r
∆FIRE/∆FIRE), we find that intrinsic properties, synapse number and synaptic maturation are largely normal in the hippocampal CA1 region and somatosensory cortex at stages where microglia have been implicated. Seizure susceptibility and hippocampal-prefrontal cortex coherence in awake behaving animals, processes that are disrupted in mice deficient in microglia-enriched genes, are also normal. Similarly, eye-specific segregation of inputs into the lateral geniculate nucleus proceeds normally in the absence of microglia. Single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses of neurons and astrocytes did not uncover any substantial perturbation caused by microglial absence. Thus, the brain possesses remarkable adaptability to execute developmental synaptic refinement, maturation and connectivity in the absence of microglia.
A Collaborative and Scalable Geospatial Data Set for Arctic Retrogressive Thaw Slumps with Data Standards
Authors: Yang Yili , Rodenhizer Heidi , Rogers Brendan M. , Dean Jacqueline , Singh Ridhima , Windholz Tiffany , Poston Amanda , Potter Stefano , Zolkos Scott , Fiske Greg , Watts Jennifer , Huang Lingcao , Witharana Chandi , Nitze Ingmar , Nesterova Nina , Barth Sophia , Grosse Guido , Lantz Trevor , Runge Alexandra , Lombardo Luigi , Nicu Ionut Cristi , Rubensdotter Lena , Makopoulou Eirini , Natali Susan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArctic permafrost is undergoing rapid changes due to climate warming in high latitudes. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are one of the most abrupt and impactful thermal-denudation events that change Arctic landscapes and accelerate carbon feedbacks. Their spatial distribution remains poorly characterised due to time-intensive conventional mapping methods. While numerous RTS studies have published standalone digitisation datasets, the lack of a centralised, unified database has limited their utilisation, affecting the scale of RTS studies and the generalisation ability of deep learning models. To address this, we established the Arctic Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (ARTS) dataset containing 23,529 RTS-present and 20,434 RTS-absent digitisations from 20 standalone datasets. We also proposed a Data Curation Framework as a working standard for RTS digitisations. This dataset is designed to be comprehensive, accessible, contributable, and adaptable for various RTS-related studies. This dataset and its accompanying curation framework establish a foundation for enhanced collaboration in RTS research, facilitating standardised data sharing and comprehensive analyses across the Arctic permafrost research community.
Spin and valley dependent transport and tunneling magnetoresistance in irradiated ferromagnetic WSe2double barrier junctions
Authors: Li Ming , Zhao Zheng-Yin , Sheng Jia-Yi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpin and valley polarizations (Ps and PKK’) and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) are demonstrated in the ferromagnetic/barrier/normal/barrier/ferromagnetic WSe2 junction, with the gate voltage and off-resonant circularly polarized light (CPL) applied to the two barrier regions. The minimum incident energy of non-zero spin- and valley-resolved conductance has been derived, which is consistent with numerical calculations and depends on the electric potential U, CPL intensity ΔΩ, exchange field h, and magnetization configuration: parallel (P) or antiparallel (AP). For the P (AP) configuration, the energy region with PKK’ = -1 or Ps = 1 is wider (narrower) and increases with ΔΩ. As h increases, the Ps = 1 (PKK’ = -1 or Ps = 1) plateau becomes wider (narrower) for the P (AP) configuration. As U increases, the energy region with PKK’ = -1 increases first and then moves parallel to the EF-axis, and the energy region with Ps = 1 for the P configuration remains unchanged first and then decreases. The energy region for TMR = 1 increases rapidly with h, remains unchanged first and then decreases as U increases, and has little dependence on ΔΩ. When the helicity of the CPL reverses, the valley polarization will switch. This work sheds light on the design of spin-valley and TMR devices based on ferromagnetic WSe2 double-barrier junctions.
A novel RFE-GRU model for diabetes classification using PIMA Indian dataset
Authors: Shams Mahmoud Y. , Tarek Zahraa , Elshewey Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDiabetes is a long-term condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. It can lead to a variety of complex disorders such as stroke, renal failure, and heart attack. Diabetes requires the most machine learning help to diagnose diabetes illness at an early stage, as it cannot be treated and adds significant complications to our health-care system. The diabetes PIMA Indian dataset (PIDD) was used for classification in several studies, it includes 768 instances and 9 features; eight of the features are the predictors, and one feature is the target. Firstly, we performed the preprocessing stage that includes mean imputation and data normalization. Afterwards, we trained the extracted features using various types of Machine Learning (ML); Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Histogram Gradient Boost (HGB), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models. To achieve the classification for the PIDD, a new model called Recursive Feature Elimination-GRU (RFE-GRU) is proposed in this paper. RFE is vital for selecting features in the training dataset that are most important in predicting the target variable. While the GRU handles the challenge of vanishing and inflating gradient of the features results from RFE. Several predictive evaluation metrics, including precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) achieved 90.50%, 90.70%, 90.50%, 90.70%, 0.9278, respectively, to verify and validate the execution of the RFE-GRU model. The comparative results showed that the RFE-GRU model is better than other classification models.