bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of soil organic carbon, aggregate diameters, and hydraulic properties to long‐term organic and conventional farming on a Vertisol in India
Authors: Schweizer Steffen A. , Graf‐Rosenfellner Markus , Bhat Nisar A. , Kayser Gilles , Sisodia Bhupendra S. , Kirchhof Gunnar , Zikeli Sabine , Cadisch Georg , Bhullar Gurbir S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOrganic matter management can improve soil structural properties. This is crucial for agricultural soils in tropical regions threatened by high rainfall intensities. Compared to conventional farming, organic farming is usually deemed to increase organic carbon and improve soil structural properties such as stability and permeability. However, how much, if any, buildup of organic carbon is possible or indeed occurring also depends on soil type and environmental factors. We compared the impact of seven years of organic farming (annually 13.6 t ha−1 of composted manure) with that of conventional practices (2 t ha−1 of farmyard manure with 150–170 kg N ha−1 of mineral fertilizers) on soil structural properties. The study was conducted on a Vertisol in India with a two‐year crop rotation of cotton soybean wheat. Despite large differences in organic amendment application, organic carbon was not significantly different at 9.6 mg C g−1 on average in the topsoil. However, the size distribution of water‐stable aggregates shifted toward more aggregates <137 μm in the organic systems. Cumulative water intake was lower compared to the conventional systems, leading to higher runoff and erosion. These changes might be related to the lower pH and higher exchangeable sodium in the organic systems. Our results indicate that higher application of organic amendments did not lead to higher soil organic carbon and associated improvement in soil structures properties compared to integrated fertilization in this study. Chemical properties may dominate soil aggregation retarding the uptake and integration of organic amendments for sustainable agricultural intensification in tropical, semiarid climates.
Galvanic vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials in evaluating damaged sites of vestibular neuritis
Authors: Chang Chih‐Ming , Lo Wu‐Chia , Young Yi‐Ho , Liao Li‐Jen , Wu Po‐Hsuan , Cheng Ping‐Chia , Cheng Po‐Wen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo test the possibility of pure otolithic organ deficits and validate the histopathological evidence of retrovestibular neural impairment in vestibular neuritis (VN), the authors adopted a topographic survey combining cervical vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) using various stimulation modes and caloric tests.MethodsForty patients with VN were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent pure tone audiometry, acoustic cVEMP, galvanic cVEMP, vibratory oVEMP, galvanic oVEMP, and caloric tests. Different combinations of vestibular tests were further compared and analyzed.ResultsAccording to vestibular test results in affected VN ears, the proportion (10%) of pure saccular dysfunction was significantly less than that (52.5%) of saccular nerve deficit. The proportion (2.5%) of pure utricular dysfunction was significantly less than that (37.5%) of utricular nerve deficit. The percentage (82.5%) of VN involving the ampullar vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) pathway was significantly higher than that (40%) involving the utriculo‐ocular reflex (UOR) pathway. The superior, inferior, and total VN percentages were 37.5%, 17.5%, and 45%, respectively. The proportion of inferior VN was significantly less than that of VN involving the superior vestibular nerve.ConclusionThere were significantly fewer cases of pure otolithic organ dysfunction than vestibular nerve involvement in VN patients. The damage to the ampullar VOR pathway was more significant than that to the UOR pathway, and both pathways might be independent of each other. In addition, the incidence of isolated inferior VN was significantly less than that of VN involving the superior vestibular nerve.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Biobased Aromatic (Co)polycarbonates Containing Biphenylene Units and Pendant Pentadecyl Chains
Authors: Ichake Amol B. , Nagane Samadhan S. , Jadhav Uday A. , Torris Arun , Grau Etienne , Cramail Henri , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract2‐Pentadecyl‐[1,1”‐biphenyl]‐4,4”‐diol (PBD) is synthesized starting from cashew nut shell liquid—a by‐product of cashew processing industry. A new series of partially biobased aromatic (co)polycarbonates possessing biphenylene units and pendant pentadecyl chains is synthesized by solution polycondensation of PBD or varying compositions of PBD and bisphenol‐A with triphosgene in dry dichloromethane. Inherent viscosities and number average molecular weights of (co)polycarbonates are in the range 0.51–1.24 dL g−1and 18 × 103– 43.4 × 103 g mol−1, respectively indicating the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. Flexible, transparent, and free‐standing films of (co)polycarbonates can be cast from chloroform solution. (Co)polycarbonates are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),1H NMR,13C NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.T10andTgvalues of (co)polycarbonates are in the range 417–433 and 8–147 °C, respectively. It is demonstrated that theTgvalues can be tuned by incorporation of appropriate mol% of PBD as a comonomer in Bisphenol‐A‐based copolycarbonates. The lowering of theTgvalues of (co)polycarbonates can be attributed primarily to the packing disruptive effect of flexible pentadecyl chains. Furthermore, the effect of incorporation of PBD as a comonomer on water contact angle values of (co)polycarbonates is evaluated.
Polyoxometalate‐Containing Supramolecular Gels
Authors: Li Bao , Xuan Luyun , Wu Lixin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSupramolecular gels are important soft materials with various applications, which are fabricated through hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking, electrostatic interactions, or host–guest interactions. Introducing functional groups, especially inorganic components, is an efficient strategy to obtain gels with robust architecture and high performance. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as a class of negatively‐charged clusters, have defined structures and multiple interaction sites, resulting in their potential as building blocks for constructing POM‐containing supramolecular gels. The introduction of POMs into gels not only provides strong driving forces for the formation of gels due to the characteristics of charged cluster and oxygen‐rich surface, but also brings new properties sourcing from the unique electronic structures of POMs. Though many POM‐containing gels have been reported, a comprehensive review is still absent. Herein, the concept of POM‐containing gels is discussed, following with the design strategies and driving forces. To better understand the results in the literature, detailed examples, which are classified into several categories based on the types of organic components, are presented to illustrate the gelation process and gel structures. Moreover, applications of POM‐containing gels in energy chemistry, sustainable chemistry, and other aspects are also reviewed, as well as the future developments of this field.
Application of accelerated heteronuclear single quantum coherence experiments to the rapid quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides in dairy products
Authors: Fels Lea , Bunzel Mirko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMonosaccharides and disaccharides are important dietary components, but if insufficiently metabolized by some population subgroups, they are also linked to disease patterns. Thus, the correct analytical identification, quantification, and labeling of these food components are crucial to inform and potentially protect consumers. Enzymatic assays and high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection are established methods for the quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides that, however, require long measuring times (60–180 min). Accelerated methods for the identification and quantification of the nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides d‐glucose, d‐galactose, d‐fructose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose were therefore developed. To realize this goal, the NMR experiments HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization (ASAP)‐HSQC were applied. Measurement times were reduced to 27 and 6 min, respectively, by optimizing the interscan delay and applying non‐uniform sampling. The optimized methods were used to quantify d‐glucose, d‐galactose, d‐fructose, sucrose, and lactose in various dairy products. Results of the HSQC and ASAP‐HSQC methods are equivalent to the results of the reference methods in terms of both precision and accuracy, demonstrating that these methods can be used to correctly analyze nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides in short times.
Mark–Recapture Models Accurately Predict Growth Trajectories of Known-Age Muskellunge in Green Bay, Lake Michigan
Authors: Sheffer Robert J. , Hogler Steven R. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Length-at-age data are commonly used to describe growth of fish, and obtaining these data typically involves estimating ages from calcified structures (e.g., fin spines or rays, otoliths, or cleithra). Verifying the accuracy of age and growth estimates for long-lived fish is often difficult because known-age fish are not available for all ages in a population. Mark–recapture methods offer nonlethal alternatives for estimating growth of fish that do not require age data. However, few studies have compared growth trajectories estimated from mark–recapture data with trajectories estimated using the standard von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) incorporating length-at-age data from known-age fish. We used a robust data set of Muskellunge Esox masquinongy sampled from Green Bay, Lake Michigan, during 1990–2018 to compare growth trajectories estimated from three mark–recapture models and a VBGF fitted to length-at-age data from known-age individuals. Growth trajectories estimated with mark–recapture models were similar to trajectories estimated with a VBGF using known-age fish. Our results suggest that using recapture of tagged fish provides a viable alternative for describing Muskellunge growth trajectories compared with using ages estimated from calcified structures, where incorrect age estimates represent an additional source of error.
Adatom Defect Induced Spin Polarization of Asymmetric Structures
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Xuhui , Wang Chunxu , Zhang Wanyi , Qin Zhengkun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe spin polarization of carbon nanomaterials is crucial to design spintronic devices. In this paper, the first‐principles is used to study the electronic properties of two defect asymmetric structures, Cap‐(9, 0)‐Def [6, 6] and Cap‐(9, 0)‐Def [5, 6]. We found that the ground state of Cap‐(9, 0)‐Def [6, 6] is sextet and the ground state of Cap‐(9, 0)‐Def [5, 6] is quartet, and the former has a lower energy. In addition, compared with Cap‐(9, 0) CNTs, the C adatom on C30 causes spin polarization phenomenon and Cap‐(9, 0)‐Def [6, 6] has more spin electrons than Cap‐(9, 0)‐Def [5, 6] structure. Moreover, different adsorb defects reveal different electron accumulation. This finding shows that spin polarization of the asymmetric structure can be adjusted by introducing adatom defects.
A review of recent progress in improving the fracture toughness of epoxy‐based composites using carbonaceous nanofillers
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Estaji Sara , Paydayesh Azin , Arjmand Mohammad , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Nouranian Sasan , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpoxy resins (EPs) exhibit various extraordinary properties, including significant mechanical and thermal properties, low shrinkage, and high chemical resistance, opening a wide window of different applications such as adhesives, paints, coatings, etc. By contrast, EPs also have the undesirable behavior of being brittle and cannot sufficiently resist against the initiation and growth of cracks. Efforts are being made to enhance the toughening of EPs without sacrificing their other desirable properties. With the advent of nanotechnology, improving the toughening of EPs has gained momentum by incorporating different modified and unmodified nanofillers into these polymers. Since the discovery of carbonaceous nanofillers, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (Gr), significant progress has been made in the development of EP‐based composites incorporating these nanofillers and their hybrids. The current review presents research progress during the last six years on the toughening of EPs using CNTs, Gr, and CNT‐Gr hybrids. Special attention is given to the chemical functionalization of these nanofillers, which has been demonstrated over and over again to significantly affect nanofiller dispersion in the EP matrix and subsequently its fracture properties. Details on the various toughening mechanisms of EP‐based composites are further provided.
Eye problems in people with diabetes: more than just diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Kovacova Adriana , Shotliff Kevin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy are leading causes of premature visual loss in people with diabetes, other retinal and non‐retinal pathology should be considered in the differential diagnosis. These include issues with both eye movement and vision, and can be split into: those which are extraocular, including orbital cellulitis and cranial nerve palsies; those in the anterior segment, including dry eyes, visual disturbances, superficial eye infections, anterior uveitis, cataracts and neovascularisation glaucoma; and those in the posterior segment of the eye, including endophthalmitis, diabetic papillopathy and ischaemic optic neuropathy. This article reviews each of these areas in respect to a person with diabetes, with the aim to highlight some of these conditions to health care staff who manage patients with diabetes. Awareness of conditions other than diabetic retinopathy should help with timely referral and treatment to limit visual disability, which can have a significant impact on daily living. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Latest Advances and Developments to Detection of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics Using Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Vélez‐Escamilla Lydia Yerid , Contreras‐Torres Flavio F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe increasing demand for single‐use plastic‐based products worldwide has generated immense waste during the last decade. This review aims to summarize the current developments of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for detecting micro‐ and nanoplastics in a variety of samples and environments. Despite the SERS technique being very recent for this purpose, its robustness has already been discussed in a few analyses focused on well‐known pollutants such as phthalates, plasticizers, and xenobiotic contaminants from commercially available water bottles. Here, the latest advances, obstacles, and perspectives are reviewed using SERS detection as a robust alternative for analyzing complex samples containing nanoplastic particles present in daily consumer products such as wine and vegetables. Moreover, this paper describes different SERS substrates developed to overcome the limitations for identifying polymer particles at low concentrations. Factors contributing to the sensitivity of SERS substrates are discussed to show the advantages and limitations of this technique. The broader role of SERS as a tool in environmental research is currently explored from polluted air and aquatic environments, which can be relevant for other fields, such as clinical monitoring and nanotoxicology.
The stink bug Dichelops furcatus: a new pest of corn that emerges from soybean stubble
Authors: Jacobi Vanesa Gisela , Fernández Patricia Carina , Zavala Jorge Alberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOver the last decades, Argentine and Brazilian farmers have adopted no‐tillage cultivation systems and multiple cropping, which have decreased the abundance of traditional pests, such as Nezara viridula, and favored the development of some stink bugs of secondary importance, like Dichelops furcatus, D. melacanthus and Euschistus heros. No‐till farming leaves the soil undisturbed, to mitigate erosion, and sufficient crop residue on the field, which is used by D. furcatus as a shelter under unfavorable conditions, and as a shelter against insecticides. Moreover, implementing multiple cropping systems increases crop rotation from soybean to corn, and places overwintering adults of D. furcatus in contact with corn seedlings in spring. Attacks of this stink bug species produce deformation and abortion of corn seedlings, resulting in up to 50% corn yield reduction. The increasing abundance of D. furcatus intensifies the damage on developing pods and seeds of soybean, becoming a primary pest of soybean, and a new pest of corn. Here we summarize the current knowledge about D. furcatus, its biology, life cycle, and geographical distribution pattern in South America. Additionally, we describe the general causes and consequences of D. furcatus as a new pest of corn that emerges from crop stubble. Then, we provide an overview of the chemical control, natural enemies, and possible agronomical practices to improve sustainable crop production methods to control this pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Colorado potato beetle exploits frass‐associated bacteria to suppress defense responses in potato plants
Authors: Gao Zhou , Ju Xueyang , Yang Mingyu , Xue Rongrong , Li Qing , Fu Kaiyun , Guo Wenchao , Tong Lu , Song Yuanyuan , Zeng Rensen , Wang Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDColorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a destructive quarantine pest that develops broad physiological adaptations to potato plants. During feeding, CPB deposits a copious amount of wet frass onto the surface of leaves and stems that remains in place for long periods. Insect behaviors such as feeding, crawling and oviposition are able to mediate plant defenses. However, the specific role of CPB defecation‐associated cues in manipulating plant defenses remains unclear.RESULTSCPB larval frass significantly suppressed potato polyphenol oxidase activity and enhanced larval growth on treated potato plants. The incorporation of antibiotics into larval frass triggered higher jasmonic acid (JA)‐regulated defense responses in potato plants compared with antibiotic‐free frass. Four bacterial symbionts belonging to the genera Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Pantoea were isolated from larval frass and suppressed plant defenses. After reinoculation of these bacteria into axenic larvae, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter were found to be highly abundant in the frass, whereas Enterobacter and Pantoea were less abundant probably due to the negative effect of potato steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA) such as α‐solanine. Furthermore, direct application of Acinetobacter and Citrobacter to wounded potato plants significantly inhibited the expression of genes associated with the JA‐mediated defense signaling pathway and SGA biosynthesis.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate that CPB exploits frass‐associated bacteria as a deceptive strategy of plant defense suppression, adding an interesting dimension to our understanding of how CPB successfully specializes on potato plants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
SAMBA: A novel method for fast automatic model building in nonlinear mixed‐effects models
Authors: Prague Mélanie , Lavielle Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe success of correctly identifying all the components of a nonlinear mixed‐effects model is far from straightforward: it is a question of finding the best structural model, determining the type of relationship between covariates and individual parameters, detecting possible correlations between random effects, or also modeling residual errors. We present the Stochastic Approximation for Model Building Algorithm (SAMBA) procedure and show how this algorithm can be used to speed up this process of model building by identifying at each step how best to improve some of the model components. The principle of this algorithm basically consists in “learning something” about the “best model,” even when a “poor model” is used to fit the data. A comparison study of the SAMBA procedure with Stepwise Covariate Modeling (SCM) and COnditional Sampling use for Stepwise Approach (COSSAC) show similar performances on several real data examples but with a much reduced computing time. This algorithm is now implemented in Monolix and in the R packageRsmlx.
Fuzzy probability and α‐cut based‐fault tree analysis approach to evaluate the reliability and safety of complex engineering systems
Authors: Purba Julwan Hendry , Sony Tjahyani Damianus Toersiwi , Susila I Putu , Widodo Surip , Ekariansyah Andi Sofrany 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReliability and safety are very critical in complex engineering systems such as chemical and nuclear industries. Fault tree analysis (FTA) has been widely applied to evaluate the reliability and safety of complex engineering systems. This approach assumes that systems always have exact component failure probabilities. However, this assumption is not always true in real‐world applications. To deal with this, a number of scholars have integrated fuzzy approach into FTA of engineering systems whose component exact probabilities cannot be collected. Furthermore, simple fuzzy arithmetic operations on membership function have also been proposed to quantify Boolean gates for propagating uncertainties from basic event fuzzy probabilities into the top event fuzzy probabilities. In this study, fuzzy arithmetic operations on α‐cuts, as opposed to simple fuzzy arithmetic operations, are proposed. The significance of the α‐cut is that each α‐cut can uniquely represents each fuzzy probability. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed approach, the reliability of the long‐term cooling system of the Westinghouse AP1000 to mitigate a large break loss of coolant accident is evaluated and the results are compared to the reliability of the same system quantified by conventional FTA published in qualified scientific journals. The results of the benchmarking confirm that the proposed approach can be practicably implemented to estimate the reliability and safety of complex engineering systems whose basic event reliability are characterized by fuzzy probabilities. To be applied in other complex engineering systems, safety analysts have to concern for some steps, which are particularly developed for a specific application, such as failure possibility distribution and its corresponding fuzzy probability distribution and the selection of a defuzzification technique.