bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microclimate and Efficiency Analysis of an Olive Rooting Cuttings Tunnel Greenhouse Type under Mediterranean Wintertime Climatic Conditions
Authors: Chakir Sanae , Bekraoui Adil , Majdoubi Hassan , Mouqallid Mhamed 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The rooting of cuttings is a fundamental step in olive tree production. This preliminary step is favoured by specific environmental conditions, which demand strict and permanent control across the production system. Achieving these conditions poses a major challenge for propagators. In this context, the greenhouse production technique is the best response and most productive method used globally, including in the Mediterranean regions. This study aims to characterize the microclimate of a tunnel-type greenhouse according to Mediterranean wintertime climatic conditions in Morocco’s central region and assess its performance in fostering olive cutting growth.

Methods:
Evaluation of the efficiency of greenhouse microclimate is based on measured climatic parameters inside and outside the studied greenhouse. Also, we used a statistical data processing SPSS software for the identification regression analysis of the factors and key parameters determining the success of rooting of cuttings.

Results:
The experimentally obtained results clearly show for the first time that solar radiation is a determining factor for the success of rooting. The studied greenhouse type guarantees a homogeneous microclimate inside the greenhouse and allows a reduction of 66% of the external global solar radiation, which decreases transpiration and prevents leaf wilting. The results also show that the studied greenhouse system ensures an internal greenhouse air relative humidity close to saturation value and generally stable throughout the day, with a favourable value for successful rooting. However, the greenhouse air temperature was too high during the daytime and very low during the nighttime, indicating unfavorable rooting conditions.

Conclusion:
The results of this study can provide guidelines for propagators to improve greenhouse design and climate control to increase the yield and quality of this crop.
Genetics of Dravet Syndrome and its Targeted Therapy by Nanomedicine: A Roadmap for Future Treatment of Drug Resistant Seizures
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Rasheed Sufian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy is the 4th most prevalent neurological disorder after migraine, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. There are numerous types of epileptic syndrome that are reported in children; one of them is Dravet syndrome. It is a neurological disorder of infants’ outset during the first year of life. Dravet syndrome is a genetically determined syndrome and the most studied form of genetic epilepsy. Nearly 70-80% of its cases are due to genetic alterations in the SCN1A gene, and almost 16% of cases are due to variations in the PCDH19 gene. Besides that, mutations in SCN1B, SCN2A, and GABRG2, including some novel genes, STXBP1, HCN1, and CDH2 have been observed in DS patients. It is a drug-resistant epileptic syndrome and its complete removal is still challenging. So, novel therapeutic techniques are being used to treat drug-resistant seizures. Recently, new strategies have been made to improve the neuron-specific targeting of AEDs encapsulated by nanocarriers. The nanocarriers will have a major contribution to nano-neuro medicines such as drug delivery, neuroimaging, neuroprotection, neurosurgery, and neuroregeneration. The nanotechnology-mediated techniques also have a fantastic success rate in gene therapy, as reported in recent years. The anti- epileptic drug delivery with the help of nanoparticles, at the targeted position, makes them applicable for the possible treatment of drug-resistant seizures and gives new hope to patients affected with it.
Cocoa Flavanols and the Aging Brain
Authors: Lalonde Robert , Strazielle Catherine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Partly because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, cocoa flavanols have
been examined in reversing age-related cognitive deficits. Epidemiological studies indicate a relation
between flavonoid intake and the prevention of dementia. In confirmation of this relation, several
pharmacological studies show the faster speed of responding and better executive performance
in flavanol-treated aged or young subjects. The lack of any effect appears in some studies, especially
in young subjects, perhaps due to the use of groups with high educational levels and the possibility
of a ceiling effect. In several studies, neuropsychological ameliorations were followed by increases
in cerebral blood flow. These results are in line with those of animal experimentation since
improvements have been found in motor and spatial performances of young and aging mice or rats
as well as animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Improvements are also
reported in biologic markers of Alzheimer’s disease, in particular an increase in soluble Aβ and a
decrease in tau hyperphosphorylation.
Significance of Chemically Derivatized Starch as Drug Carrier in
Developing Novel Drug Delivery Devices
Authors: Malik Mayank Kumar , Bhatt Pankaj , Kumar Tarun , Singh Jaspal , Kumar Vipin , Faruk Abdul , Fuloria Shivkanya , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar , Subrimanyan Vetriselvan , Kumar Sunil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Delivery of therapeutics using synthetic polymers is challenging due to toxicity, immunogenicity
and impaired bioavailability following administration. However, natural polymers are being
explored as safe for their use as a substitute for synthetic polymers. In the past three decades, the biomaterials
like starches have been applied to impart an imperative role in delivering therapeutics. There
is an increased focus on finding new sources of starches and their modifications. Hence, the derivatization
of starches has become necessary to achieve desired properties. The modifications to native
starch systems are being investigated to improve solubility, stability, bioavailability, etc., of an incorporated
drug (s) and lower-down induced toxicities. All these requirements have led to the use of modified
starches in the drug delivery of bioactive component(s). This review explores the current state of
knowledge about starch structure and chemical modification methods from perspectives. It integrates
aspects of its use in developing drug delivery devices like tablets, hydrogel, and patches. The information
provided in this review may be applied as a reference for future chemically modified starch as
excipients in drug carrier studies.
An Ethnobotanical and Phyto-Pharmacological Review on a Multifaceted
Ornate Flowering Plant ‘Thunbergia erecta’
Authors: Vyas Jayshree C. , Kochar Nitin I. , Vyas Khushbu B. , Chandewar Anil V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Thunbergia erecta (Benth) T.Anderson (Meyenia erecta Benth) is an important therapeutic
and medicinal plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae. Commonly called bush clock vine,
king's mantel, potato bush, Nil Kantha, which is native to western Africa but commonly cultivated
in India and other Asian countries. The species is commonly grown as an ornamental plant due to its
bright flowers and is cultivated widely in the tropics. It is a decent source of alkaloids, flavonoids,
tannins, phenolic acids, iridoids, and glucosides. Traditionally, it is used for treating bile disorders,
insomnia, and depression, as a medicine given to children against worms and as an ingredient of
headache poultice. The studies encompassed in this review have been designated using numerous
databases, including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Wiley, Online Library, and Science Direct and covered
the period from 1863 onwards. Several studies demonstrated the exploration of the pharmacological
potential of various parts of plants for anthelminthic, anxiolytic, sedative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic,
anticholinesterases and antiaging agents. The Thunbergia erecta plants possess potential
pharmacological activity. The objective of the current review article is to put forward all relevant
published information regarding ethnobotanical studies, traditional uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic
potential, and other adequate background information on T. erecta that will contribute to establishing
the validity of the plant for its commercial usage.
Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on an Improved Sine Cosine
Algorithm and BP Neural Network
Authors: Xiong Yan , Cheng Jiatang , Feng Zhichao 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The operation state evaluation and fault location of the transformer is one
of the technical bottlenecks restricting the safe power grid operation.

Methods:
A hybrid intelligent method based on the Improved Sine Cosine Algorithm and BP neural
network (ISCA-BP) is developed to improve the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis. First,
the cloud model is introduced into the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to determine the conversion
parameter of each individual to balance the global search and local exploitation capabilities. After
that, six popular benchmark functions are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Finally, based on the dissolved gas analysis technology, the improved SCA algorithm is
employed to find the optimal weight and threshold parameters of the BP neural network, and the
transformer fault classification model is established.

Results:
Simulation results indicate that the improved SCA algorithm exhibits strong competitiveness.
Furthermore, compared with the BP neural network optimized by the Sine Cosine Algorithm
(SCA-BP) and BP neural network, the ISCA-BP method can significantly improve the diagnostic
accuracy of transformer faults.

Conclusion:
The proposed intelligent method can provide a valuable reference idea for transformer
fault classification.
Artificial Intelligence: An Advanced Evolution In Forensic and Criminal
Investigation
Authors: Yadav Saurav , Yadav Shalini , Verma Preeti , Ojha Smriti , Mishra Sudhanshu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
It is aimed, with the use of modern sciences and technologies and also the use of new,
latest and future technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to develop enhanced and extended
ways to promote the technology for forensics of all its sectors (AI). A program or computer program
is capable of carrying out human functions such as visual awareness, voice recognition, cognitive
reasoning, strategic thinking, understanding from experiences, and solving complicated issues
at a greater rate and with smaller mistake rates than humans. AI is also the most developing
sector for advances in the field of forensics and the system of justice. In today's situation, specialists
are faced with numerous problems because of enormous quantities of data, minute facts in the
chaotic and complex environment, traditional lab architecture, and sometimes inadequate information,
which might fail to do an inquiry or a miscarriage of justice. AI is a waffle to combat the
difficulties of machine learning and profound learning. Case-based reasoning for error-free and
objective outcomes in many forensic areas, neural networks, and reproductive results. The study
discusses AI's current and potential future uses in forensic science. Artificial intelligence may be
used in a variety of applications, including blood pattern recognition and analysis, crime scene
reconstruction, digital forensics, image processing, and, of course, satellite monitoring.
In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Sunscreen Formulations Containing
Nanolipid Carriers
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Chauhan Iti 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The majority of sunscreen cosmetics are emulsions or creams. However, formulations
that use lipid nanoparticles as the delivery vehicle for sunscreen chemicals may offer benefits in
terms of skin retention, enhancement of penetration through the epidermal layer, and Ultraviolet
(UV) absorption and scattering. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers
(NLC) have been investigated to create sunscreen products with low or medium UV protection.
SLN and NLC have a wide range of characteristics and have been proven to effectively control
the entry of actives showing UV protection activity through the skin. They have no hazardous
effects; therefore, they can be employed safely in dermatological and cosmetic preparations to
obtain different traits. When utilized as vehicles for molecular sunscreens, lipid nanoparticles
showed a synergistic impact of UV scattering. The ability to minimize the concentration of the
molecular sunscreen, its potential adverse effects, and the expenses of formulating pricey sunscreens
are all advantages derived from these studies. The review discusses some research on how
lipid nanoparticles have been encapsulating sunscreen agents. Exposure to sunlight is a key element
in the aetiology of the gradual undesired changes in the skin look and physiology caused by
UV rays present in the sunshine; hence evaluating sunscreen activity is an essential aspect of the
cosmetic business. The author will also address some of the in vitro and in vivo assessments of
sunscreens.
Recent Progress in Hot Melt Extrusion Technology in Pharmaceutical
Dosage Form Design
Authors: Salave Sagar , Prayag Kedar , Rana Dhwani , Amate Prakash , Pardhe Rupali , Jadhav Ajinkya , Jindal Anil B , Benival Derajram 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) technique has shown tremendous potential in
transforming highly hydrophobic crystalline drug substances into amorphous solids without using solvents.
This review explores in detail the general considerations involved in the process of HME, its
applications and advances.

Objective:
The present review examines the physicochemical properties of polymers pertinent to the
HME process. Theoretical approaches for the screening of polymers are highlighted as a part of successful
HME processed drug products. The critical quality attributes associated with the process of
HME are also discussed in this review. HME plays a significant role in the dosage form design, and
the same has been mentioned with suitable examples. The role of HME in developing several sustained
release formulations, films, and implants is described along with the research carried out in a
similar domain.

Methods:
The method includes the collection of data from different search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect,
and SciFinder to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information
regarding HME, its importance in pharmaceutical product development, and advanced applications.

Results:
HME is known to have advanced pharmaceutical applications in the domains related to 3D
printing, nanotechnology, and PAT technology. HME-based technologies explored using Design-of-
Experiments also lead to the systematic development of pharmaceutical formulations.

Conclusion:
HME remains an adaptable and differentiated technique for overall formulation development.
The Disparities in Patient Portal Use Among Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sun Enid Y , Alvarez Carolina , Callahan Leigh F , Sheikh Saira Z 
Published: August 2022

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the shift to virtual care became essential for the continued care of patients. Individuals with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) especially require frequent provider visits and close monitoring. To date, there have been limited studies examining inequities in health technology use among patients with RMDs.

Objective
Our goal was to identify characteristics associated with patient portal use before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a convenience sample of patients with RMDs from a large academic medical center.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, Epic electronic medical record data were queried to identify established patients of the University of North Carolina Hospitals adult rheumatology clinic between November 1, 2017, through November 30, 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected to compare MyChart (Epic’s patient portal) users with nonusers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. MyChart activation and use were modeled using logistic regression and adjusted odds ratios, and confidence intervals were estimated.

Results
We identified 5075 established patients with RMDs who met the inclusion criteria. Prior to the pandemic, we found that younger age (P<.001), suburban residence (P=.05), commercial/state insurance (P<.001), military insurance (P=.05), and median income >US $50,000 (P<.001) were associated with significantly higher odds of MyChart activation. Male sex (P<.001), being of Black or African American (P<.001) or “other” race (P<.001), Spanish as a primary language (P<.001), rural residence (P=.007), Medicaid insurance (P<.001), and median income of <US $25,000 (P=.01) were associated with lower odds of MyChart activation. Following COVID-19, younger age (P<.001), commercial insurance (P=.03), state insurance (P=.02), and median income of US $50,000-75,000 (P=.01) were associated with significantly higher odds of MyChart use. However, being of Black or African American (P<.001) or “other” race (P=.01), Spanish as a primary language (P=.002), male sex (P=.004), rural residence (P=.005), and having no insurance (P<.001) or Medicaid (P=.008) were associated with lower odds of MyChart use.

Conclusions
Residence in a rural area, being of minority race/ethnicity, older age, male sex, lower median income, Medicaid, being uninsured, and non-English primary language are associated with lower odds of patient portal activation and use. Future health policy and clinical practice measures should focus on reducing barriers to health technology adoption among these groups.
UJI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR LAUNDRY MENJADI PUPUK CAIR
Authors: Yahya Husnawati 
Published: August 2022

Recently, more industrial activities was developed like household industries. Which one of it is household industries is laundry business. Laundry business generate liquid waste from washing clothes activities with using detergent. Laundry liquid waste is a source of pollution which it can decreasely the equality of the environment. A large amount of laundry liquid waste is discarded into environment. Therefore, it can be used as a liquid fertilizer, one of the pollutants within laundry liquid waste is phosphate and it derived from Sodium TripolyPhosphate (STPP) which is one of the ingredients in detergents and as a second most important element after surfactants. The purpose of this study was to determine the whether effect of the utilization of the laundry liquid waste as liquid fertilizer on the C/N ratio and to find out the quality of liquid fertilizer used meet the quality standards of liquid fertilizer in the Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70 of 2011 concerning Fertilizers, Biological Fertilizers and Soil Improvements. The method used was fermentation with the addition of bioactivator EM4 and molasses as nutrients, and the fermentation results were tested at the Laboratory Balai Riset Dan Standardisasi Industri (BARISTAND) Banda Aceh. The research sampling location is at sT. Panglima Nyak Makam, Lampineng. Parameters tested were pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. The results showed that at a concentration of EM 20 ml, pH levels were 4,7, carbon organic levels were 3.250%, nitrogen levels were 0.040%, phosphate levels were 0.014% and potassium levels were 1.489%, the result of these concentration were better than other variations in concentration EM4 like 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml for increasing nutrients levels in laundry liquid waste.
The Effect of Different Light-curing Units and Tip Distances on the Polymerization Efficiency of Bulk-fill Materials
Authors: Al Nahedh HNA , Al-Senan DF , Alayad AS 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY

Problem Statement
In an average class II posterior preparation, the curing light tip is placed at a distance from the restoration surface that far exceeds the 1-mm manufacturer’s recommendation. This distance can have potentially detrimental effects on the curing efficiency of the light-curing unit as well as the properties of the resin-based composite restoration, especially at the bottom of the cavity preparation.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various types of light-curing units (LCUs) and the different curing distances on the degree of conversion (DC) and the surface hardness of bulk-fill composite materials.

Methods and Materials
A total of 390 specimens of three resin-based composites (RBCs) were fabricated. Two bulk-fill RBCs, including Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior (3M ESPE GmbH, Seefeld, Germany) and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein), as well as a Filtek Z350 XT nano-filled composite (3M ESPE GmbH, Seefeld, Germany), were utilized. In this study, the Vickers microhardness number (VMN) and the DC were evaluated at 2 and 4 mm thicknesses. Polymerization for 20 seconds was performed using two high-power light-curing units, namely the polywave Bluephase G2 light-emitting diode (LED) LCU (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and the monowave Elipar Deep Cure S LED LCU (3M Oral Care, St Paul, MN, USA) at 0, 2, and 4 mm distance between the curing tip and the RBC surface. The results were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance method. Scheffe’s post-hoc multiple comparison tests were used to determine significant differences between the materials, the LCU, and the tip distances.

Results
The highest DC (70.17) was shown by Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior at a distance of 0 mm, whereas the lowest DC (45.99) was measured for the conventional Filtek Z350 XT at a 4 mm distance. Moreover, higher VMNs were shown by Filtek Bulk Fill and Filtek Z350 composites at 0 mm distance than by the Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill composite material when cured with a Bluephase G2 LCU. For all materials, a significant decrease in the DC and mean VMN values was observed at a 4 mm distance in comparison with 0 and 2 mm distances.

Conclusions
The DC and VMN values among the studied bulk fill materials were more significantly affected by the material composition and curing protocols. The increased distance from the light tip has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of composite resin materials. Significant differences were observed in the curing efficiency of the two LCUs investigated.
The Essential Pheromonal Elements of the Mouse Preputial Gland in Castrated Treated Mice
Authors: Homady Merza H. , Majeed Ali A. , Al-Haideri‎ Maysoon T. , Younis‎ Mustafa T. 
Published: August 2022

The present study investigated the 1effects of both castration and manipulation of castrated1 subjects with 0.1 ml of 50µg/kg/day of testosterone at 3 weeks of age for 6 weeks on the pheromonal and histological structure of male mice preputial gland. The preputial gland results from the control intact group showed that six essential pheromonal compounds are present, whereas the glandular structure revealed well-developed acini with basement membrane and connective tissue around most of them. These findings also showed that castration has deleterious effects on the essential pheromonal compounds which are reduced to two compounds only (the α.-Farnesene and 1- Tetradecanol) as well as the histological sections from such subject appeared many atrophied vacuolated acini. On the other hand, treatment of castrated animals with such dose of testosterone did not show any marked effects on the essential pheromonal compounds but it was able to restore the activities of acinar development as showed by many hypertrophied alveoli.
On hyper Z-algebras
Authors: Mahmood Sahar Jaafar , Hussein Dhirgam Allawy 
Published: August 2022

This study introduces the concept of hyperZ-algebra and investigates its features. In addition, we establish and prove a number of theorems about the relation between (Ṟ-ḧZ , Ḉ-ḧZ , Ḓ-ḧZ , Ṱ-ḧZ , Ṿ-ḧZ ). Moreover, we explain the hyper subalgebra ,a weakhyper Z-ideal and a stronghyper Z-ideal, as well as their relationship. Finally, the hyperhomomorphism Z-algebra is constructed and the isomorphism theorems are examined.