bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The non-native phonetic perception mechanism utilized by bilinguals with different L2 proficiency levels
Authors: Liang Lijuan , Chen Baoguo 
Published: January 2022

Aims: The present study investigated whether bilinguals differing in L2 proficiency are different in their non-native phonetic perception mechanism. Methodology: An event-related potential (ERP) experiment was conducted, in which high and low L2 proficiency bilinguals were asked to focus their attention on a muted film while listening pre-attentively to phoneme contrasts arranged in the Oddball paradigm. Non-native and native phonetic conditions were investigated in two separate blocks. Data and analysis: The mean amplitudes of the ERP epochs time-locked to the onset of phonemes were analyzed within four consecutive time windows: 50–150 ms, 150–250 ms, 250–350 ms, and 350–600 ms. Repeated measures analyses were performed on the following factors: phonetic condition (non-native vs. native) × deviancy (standard vs. deviant) × brain region (frontal vs. parietal) × proficiency (high vs. low). Phonetic condition, deviancy, and brain region were within-subjects factors, whereas proficiency was a between-subjects factor. Findings: In the non-native phonetic condition, a deviancy effect in the form of mismatch negativity (MMN) and late discriminative negativity (LDN) ERP components was observed in bilinguals with high L2 proficiency, whereas the P3b and late positive component (LPC) were found in those with low L2 proficiency. In the native phonetic condition, the two proficiency groups were the same in the deviancy effect as manifested by their similar brain responses in the form of the MMN component. Originality: This was the first study to take native phonetic condition into consideration while investigating the relationship between L2 proficiency and non-native phonetic discrimination. Significance/implications: The current findings suggest that high L2 proficiency might be related to faster involuntary phonetic discrimination and efficient high-level phonetic evaluation, whereas low L2 proficiency bilinguals may need to rely on additional memory processing. Findings of this study provide more evidence for the perceptual plasticity in pre-attentive non-native phonetic processing as a function of L2 proficiency.
Potential Role for Non-Salvage Procedures in the Treatment of Kienböck Disease Stage IV: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Patrick Qi , Charron Brynn P. , Chan Kevin T. K. , Grewal Ruby , Suh Nina 
Published: January 2022

Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify whether non-salvage procedures can provide satisfactory and acceptable outcomes in Lichtman stage IV disease. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for English publications between 1989 and 2019 that reported stage IV-specific primary treatment outcomes. Revisions and skeletally immature patients were excluded. Data extracted were patient demographics, pain scores, range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The results were pooled into 3 categories: conservative management, non-salvage, and salvage procedures. Results: Data from 24 studies (n = 114 patients) were extracted. Compared with conservative management and non-salvage treatment (joint-leveling radial osteotomies, lunate reconstruction), salvage procedures (intercarpal and radiocarpal arthrodesis, proximal row carpectomy, total wrist arthroplasty) showed significantly decreased ROM in flexion-extension arc of motion (89° vs 95° vs 73°, respectively, P = .0001) and no significant differences in grip strength as a percentage of the contralateral side (83% vs 86% vs 79%, respectively, P = .28). All reported treatments provided pain relief, ability to return to previous occupations, and variable PROMs. Conclusions: In young, active, and labor-intensive patients, motion-preserving, non-salvage options may be worth trialing as they do not preclude future salvage options.
Trigeminal neuropathic pain causes changes in affective processing of pain in rats
Authors: Araya Erika I , Carvalho Eduardo C , Andreatini Roberto , Zamponi Gerald W , Chichorro Juliana G 
Published: January 2022

Trigeminal neuropathic pain has been modeled in rodents through the constriction of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). Sensory alterations, including spontaneous pain, and thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia are well characterized, but there is a notable lack of evidence about the affective pain component in this model. Evaluation of the emotional component of pain in rats has been proposed as a way to optimize potential translational value of non-clinical studies. In rats, 22 and 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are considered well-established measures of negative and positive emotional states, respectively. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that trigeminal neuropathic pain would result, in addition to the sensory alterations, in a decrease of 50 kHz USV, which may be related to altered function of brain areas involved in emotional pain processing. CCI-ION surgery was performed on 60-day-old male Wistar rats. 15 days after surgery, von Frey filaments were applied to detect mechanical hyperalgesia, and USV was recorded. At the same timepoint, systemic treatment with d,l-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) allowed investigation of the involvement of the dopaminergic system in USV emission. Finally, brain tissue was collected to assess the change in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and c-Fos expression in brain areas involved in emotional pain processing, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, and NAc. The results showed that CCI-ION rats presented mechanical hyperalgesia and a significant reduction of environmental-induced 50 kHz USV. Amphetamine caused a marked increase in 50 kHz USV emission in CCI-ION rats. In addition, TH expression was lower in constricted animals and c-Fos analysis revealed an increase in neuronal activation. Taken together, these data indicate that CCI-ION causes a reduction in the emission of environmental-induced appetitive calls concomitantly with facial mechanical hyperalgesia and that both changes may be related to a reduction in the mesolimbic dopaminergic activity.
Wearable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (actiTENS®) is effective and safe for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis pain: a randomized controlled trial versus weak opioids
Authors: Maheu Emmanuel , Soriot-Thomas Sandrine , Noel Eric , Ganry Hervé , Lespessailles Eric , Cortet Bernard 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Despite their poor tolerance, especially in the elderly, weak opioids (WO) remain commonly prescribed for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We compared the efficacy and safety of a new wearable transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (W-TENS) device with WO for the treatment of moderate-to-severe, nociceptive KOA chronic pain. Methods: The study was a non-inferiority, multicentric, prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled, 2-parallel groups Trial. A total of 110 patients with KOA were included (Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grade ⩾2; American College of Rheumatology criteria), with chronic moderate-to-severe nociceptive pain (mean 8-day pain intensity (PI) ⩾ 4 on an 11-point numerical rating scale), in failure to non-opioid analgesics, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Patients with neuropathic pain were excluded. The co-primary endpoints were mean PI at 3 months (M3) and number of potentially treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Secondary outcomes included Western Ontario MAC Master University function subscale (range, 0–68), additional pain and quality of life measures, and responder rates. Results: The non-inferiority of W-TENS was demonstrated in both the per protocol (PP) and intent-to-treat (ITT) populations. At M3, PI in PP population was 3.87 (2.12) compared with 4.66 (2.37) [delta: −0.79 (0.44); 95% CI (−1.65, 0.08)] in W-TENS and WO groups, respectively. A planned superiority analysis showed a significant superiority of W-TENS over WO on PI at M3 ( p = 0.0124). The number of TRAEs was significantly lower in the W-TENS group ( n = 7) than in the WO group ( n = 36) ( p < 0.001). Other secondary outcomes also favored W-TENS. Conclusion: W-TENS was more effective and better tolerated than WO in the treatment of chronic nociceptive KOA pain and offers an interesting non-pharmacological analgesic alternative in the management of KOA. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03902340
Based on minimal clinically important difference values, a moderate dose of tanezumab may be a better option for treating hip or knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhao Di , Luo Ming-hui , Pan Jian-ke , Zeng Ling-feng , Liang Gui-hong , Han Yan-hong , Liu Jun , Yang Wei-yi 
Published: January 2022

Background: Tanezumab is a nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody that may regulate pain in hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA). This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low and moderate doses of tanezumab in treating hip or knee OA. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched for clinical trials published before 1 May 2021. Patients were assessed via efficacy and safety outcomes. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials including 6022 patients were identified. Both low and moderate doses of tanezumab significantly improved efficacy outcomes. However, only the point estimates (mean difference, MD) of moderate-dose tanezumab significantly exceeded the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs). There were no significant differences in the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AEs), withdrawals due to AEs, serious AEs, and total joint replacement between the tanezumab and placebo groups, whereas the incidence of AEs was higher in the tanezumab group (relative risk, RR = 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 1.04–1.17). The incidence of rapidly progressive OA was significantly higher in the combined low- and moderate-dose tanezumab groups than in the placebo group (RR = 5.01; 95% CI = 1.17–21.33). Furthermore, both low and moderate doses of tanezumab significantly increased the incidence of abnormal peripheral sensation (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.21–3.28; RR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.91–3.67, respectively). Compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, tanezumab showed significantly improved efficacy outcomes ( p < 0.05). However, the point estimates (MD) of tanezumab were not greater than the MCID. Pooled analysis showed no significant differences between tanezumab and NSAIDs and opioids in safety outcomes ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Tanezumab is efficacious in patients with hip or knee OA. Tanezumab is relatively well tolerated and safe but increases the incidence of AEs and reversible abnormal peripheral sensation. Additional studies on the occurrence of rapidly progressive OA are needed. A moderate dose of tanezumab may maximize the benefits for hip or knee OA.
Development of a Novel Insulin Sensor for Clinical Decision-Making
Authors: Vargas Eva , Aiello Eleonora M. , Pinsker Jordan E. , Teymourian Hazhir , Tehrani Farshad , Church Mei Mei , Laffel Lori M. , Doyle Francis J. , Patti Mary-Elizabeth , Dassau Eyal , Wang Joseph 
Published: January 2022

Background: Clinical decision support systems that incorporate information from frequent insulin measurements to enhance individualized diabetes management remain an unmet goal. The development of a disposable insulin strip for fast decentralized point-of-care detection replacing the current centralized lab-based methods used in clinical practice would be highly desirable to improve the establishment of individual insulin absorption patterns and algorithm modeling processes. Methods: We carried out the development and optimization of a novel decentralized disposable insulin electrochemical sensor focusing on obtaining high analytical and operational performance toward achieving a true point-of-care insulin testing device for clinical on-site application. Results: Our novel insulin immunosensor demonstrated an attractive performance and efficient user-friendly operation by providing high sensitivity capability to detect endogenous and analog insulin with a limit of detection of 30.2 pM (4.3 µiU/mL), rapid time-to-result, stability toward remote site application, and scalable low-cost fabrication with an estimated cost-of-goods for disposable consumables of below $5, capable of near real-time insulin detection in a microliter (≤10 µL) sample droplet of undiluted serum within 30 minutes. Conclusions: The results obtained in the optimization and characterization of our novel insulin sensor illustrate its suitability for its potential application in remote clinical environments for frequent insulin monitoring. Future work will test the insulin sensor in a clinical research setting to assess its efficacy in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Naviculectomy With Limited Soft-Tissue Releases as a Third Way Beyond Manipulative Treatment and Extensive Soft-Tissue Releases for Ambulatory Children With Complex Congenital Vertical Talus: A Technical Note
Authors: Aly Ahmad S. , Samir Shady , Mahmoud Shady , El-Sobky Tamer A. 
Published: January 2022

We investigated the radioclinical outcomes of naviculectomy and limited/tailored soft-tissue releases in a short series of ambulatory children with complex/intractable congenital vertical talus subsets namely neglected, multiple operated, and recurrent patients. We postulated that this technique will yield satisfactory radioclinical outcomes and minimal complications because it avoids extensive surgical release/trauma that is otherwise classically recommended for complex congenital vertical talus. The cohort consisted of 5—4 boys and 1 girl—complex congenital vertical talus children with neglected, multiple operated, and/or recurrent subsets. Patients were included if manipulative casting techniques were deemed unlikely to produce a plantigrade foot. Patients underwent naviculectomy with variable on-demand limited soft-tissue releases. Two patients had bilateral affection and 2 had a nonidiopathic cause. The mean age was 5.2 years (4-6.25) and mean follow-up was 2.3 years (1-3). We reported satisfactory outcomes as per foot posture, function, overall parent satisfaction including pain and radiography per lateral views of talar-axis-first metatarsal base angle on the short/intermediate term. Whereas manipulative casting is unlikely to yield lasting outcomes in ambulatory children with complex subsets of congenital vertical talus, extensive surgical soft-tissue releases have unfavorable long-term complications. As a substitute, naviculectomy as a form of resection arthroplasty created a practical and affordable third way between manipulative casting with or without minimally invasive surgery and the extensive surgical soft-tissue releases on the short-to-intermediate term. Level of Evidence: Level IV case series
The Turtle Neck Sign: Identification of Severe Retracted Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture
Authors: Boonrod Artit , Harasymczuk Michal , Ramazanian Taghi , Boonrod Arunnit , Smith Jay , O’Driscoll Shawn W. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic tendon retraction subsequent to distal biceps tendon rupture significantly increases repair difficulty and potential for tendon grafting. Biceps tendons that appear short or absent with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or that cannot be readily identified at surgery may erroneously be classified as irreparable. These apparent “absent” biceps tendons may actually be retracted and curled up inside the muscle, visually resembling the head-neck of a turtle retracted inside its shell (the “turtle neck sign”). When located, these tendons could be unfolded and repaired primarily. This type of tendon retraction seems to be associated with high-degree ruptures and larcertus fibrosus tears. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that tendon retractions with a turtle neck sign on MRI are more associated with high-degree ruptures and larcertus fibrosus tears versus tendon tears with simple linear retraction. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Retracted distal biceps tendon ruptures on sagittal MRI were categorized as linear retraction or curled-up (turtle neck) retraction. Retraction length, injury severity, and lacertus fibrosus tears were analyzed. Results: The authors retrospectively analyzed the patient records of 85 consecutive traumatic distal biceps tendon ruptures from 2003 to 2019; the final study cohort was 37 patients. Injury-to-surgery timing was as follows: <3 weeks, 43% (16 cases); 3 weeks to 3 months, 32% (12 cases); and >3 months, 24% (9 cases). Overall, 19 patients had linear retraction <7 cm (mean, 3.3 ± 1.9 cm) and 18 patients had a turtle neck retraction ≥7 cm (mean, 9.1 ± 1.6 cm). The injury-to-surgery time (median [± interquartile range]) was 27 days (±90 days) in the linear retraction group and 23 days (±65 days) in the turtle neck retraction group. The turtle neck retraction group had a significantly higher occurrence of abnormal hook test findings, complete distal biceps tendon rupture, and lacertus fibrosus tears compared with the linear retraction group (100% vs 58%, 100% vs 68%, and 100% vs 37%, respectively; P ≤ .02). However, significant repairability differences were not found. Conclusion: Highly retracted distal biceps turtle neck sign tendon ruptures occur frequently in association with high-degree ruptures and lacertus fibrosus tears. The presence of a turtle neck retraction did not affect reparability. Surgeons should be aware of this curled-up retraction to avoid mistaking it for an absent tendon or a muscle-tendon disruption.
Systematic pan-cancer landscape identifies CARM1 as a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker
Authors: Qiu Yingqi , Wang Hao , Liao Peiyun , Xu Binyan , Hu Rong , Yang Yulu , Li Yuhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBelonging to the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family, the enzyme encoded by coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) catalyzes the methylation of protein arginine residues, especially acts on histones and other chromatin related proteins, which is essential in regulating gene expression. Beyond its well-established involvement in the regulation of transcription, recent studies have revealed a novel role of CARM1 in tumorigenesis and development, but there is still a lack of systematic understanding of CARM1 in human cancers. An integrated analysis of CARM1 in pan-cancer may contribute to further explore its prognostic value and potential immunological function in tumor therapy.ResultsBased on systematic analysis of data in multiple databases, we firstly verified that CARM1 is highly expressed in most tumors compared with corresponding normal tissues, and is bound up with poor prognosis in some tumors. Subsequently, relevance between CARM1 expression level and tumor immune microenvironment is analyzed from the perspectives of tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, mismatch repair genes, methyltransferases genes, immune checkpoint genes and immune cells infiltration, indicating a potential relationship between CARM1 expression and tumor microenvironment. A gene enrichment analysis followed shortly, which implied that the role of CARM1 in tumor pathogenesis may be related to transcriptional imbalance and viral carcinogenesis.ConclusionsOur first comprehensive bioinformatics analysis provides a broad molecular perspective on the role of CARM1 in various tumors, highlights its value in clinical prognosis and potential association with tumor immune microenvironment, which may furnish an immune based antitumor strategy to provide a reference for more accurate and personalized immunotherapy in the future.
Genome-wide analysis reveals the spatiotemporal expression patterns of SOS3 genes in the maize B73 genome in response to salt stress
Authors: Cao Yunying , Shan Tingyu , Fang Hui , Sun Kangtai , Shi Wen , Tang Bei , Wu Junping , Wang Kai , Li Ping , Wang Baohua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Salt damage is an important abiotic stress that affects the growth and yield of maize worldwide. As an important member of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway, the SOS3 gene family participates in the transmission of stress signals and plays a vital role in improving the salt tolerance of plants.

Results
In this study, we identified 59 SOS3 genes in the maize B73 genome using bioinformatics methods and genome-wide analyses. SOS3 proteins were divided into 5 different subfamilies according to the phylogenetic relationships. A close relationship between the phylogenetic classification and intron mode was observed, with most SOS3 genes in the same group sharing common motifs and similar exon-intron structures in the corresponding genes. These genes were unequally distributed on five chromosomes of B73. A total of six SOS3 genes were identified as repeated genes, and 12 pairs of genes were proven to be segmentally duplicated genes, indicating that gene duplication may play an important role in the expansion of the SOS3 gene family. The expression analysis of 10 genes that were randomly selected from different subgroups suggested that all 10 genes were significantly differentially expressed within 48 h after salt treatment, of which eight SOS3 genes showed a significant decline while Zm00001d025938 and Zm00001d049665 did not. By observing the subcellular localization results, we found that most genes were expressed in chloroplasts while some genes were expressed in the cell membrane and nucleus.

Conclusions
Our study provides valuable information for elucidating the evolutionary relationship and functional characteristics of the SOS3 gene family and lays the foundation for further study of the SOS3 gene family in the maize B73 genome.
Seroconversion rates following 2 doses of measles- mumps- rubella vaccination given at the ages 12 and 18 months: data for possible additional dose at older age
Authors: Saffar Hana , Mousavi Sayed Jaber , Saffar Hiva , Parsaei Mohammad-Reza , Ghorbani Gholam-Reza , Saffar Mohammad Jafar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite high rate of vaccination coverage with 2-doses of measles containing vaccine among Iranian children, outbreaks of measles occurred among different age groups and fully vaccinated subjects. Although the main reason for these outbreaks is unknown, however, vaccine failure was supposed to be an important cause. This study was designed to determine the seroconversion rates to measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine currently in use among Iranian children.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted among healthy children older than 12 months who were candidates of scheduled MMR vaccination. Blood samples were obtained from each mother- infant pair just before vaccination, and from infants 4–6 weeks after MMR1and MMR2immunization. Collected sera were tested for specific lgG antibodies against MMR agents using ELISA method. The proportion of seroprotected subjects among mother- infant pairs before vaccination as well as the prevalence rates of seroconversion after MMR1and MMR2vaccination were calculated. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.ResultsDuring 22-months study period, 92 mother- infant pairs were participated. Seroimmunity rates against MMR viruses were 85.8%, 84.7% and 86.9% for mothers, and 3.2%, 2.1% and 1.0% for children, respectively. After MMR1vaccination from 52 seronegative children, 80.7%, 78.8% and 75% were seroconverted. These rates increased to 94.8%, 89.7% and 94.8% after the MMR2vaccination. Also, the specific immunity was enhanced among seropositive children.ConclusionMajority of the mothers and few infants were immune to MMR viruses prior to MMR1vaccination. Immune responses detected after MMR1injection, and overall seroconversion rates achieved after 2-doses of MMR vaccination were less than expected and inadequate to preserve long-term protection against MMR agents.