bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term evaluation of clear corneal incision after phacoemulsification using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Abdelmaged Hossam Mostafa Ahmed , Aldghaimy Ahmed H. , Ali Tarek A. M. , Amer Ahmed Ali A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructure of corneal incisions after phacoemulsification by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Patients and methods
This is a prospective interventional study of 50 eyes of 50 patients with senile cataract attending the Outpatient Clinic of the Ophthalmology Department, Qena University Hospital, Qena, Egypt, for whom clear corneal-incision phacoemulsification was performed from July 2020 to July 2021. The patients had preoperative and postoperative AS-OCT, and were followed up at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months, postoperatively. The four AS-OCT features that were studied were corneal thickness at the site of the main incision, epithelial and endothelial changes at the wound, and Descemet's membrane detachment.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 62.16±7.71 years. The mean corneal thickness was 768.06±102.03, 883.24±96.59, 841.98±100.70, 797.68±98.12, and 782.26±101.66 μm preoperatively, at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, respectively (P<0.001). Descemet's membrane detachment was observed in nine (18%) and seven (14%) patients at 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively, respectively. Epithelial gaping was observed in five (10%) patients at 1 week and in two (4%) patients at 2 weeks. It was not observed after 1 month, postoperatively. Endothelial gaping was observed in 36 (72%) patients at 1 week, in 30 (60%) patients at 2 weeks, and in four (8%) patients at 1 month, and was not present after 3 months.

Conclusion
AS-OCT is an excellent tool to assess the integrity and structure of the corneal wound after phacoemulsification sensitively and quantitatively. So, it could play an important role in the early detection and management of endophthalmitis.
Medial rectus recession versus lateral rectus advancement in surgical correction of consecutive esotropia
Authors: Elsayed Sahar H. , Basyoni Omar El-Shabrawy , El-Marakby Mohammad A. , Attia Riham S. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Following surgery to address intermittent exodeviation, consecutive esotropia (ET), in which postoperative ET continues for more than 6 months, may arise. Both lateral rectus advancement (LRA) and medial rectus recession (MRR) are effective in correction of consecutive ET.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the results of LRA and MRR in correction of consecutive ET (within 40 PD) following bilateral lateral rectus recession for treatment of intermittent exotropia.

Patients and methods
This was a randomized double-blind controlled trial that included 30 patients who were divided into two groups: group 1 (LRA group, 15 patients) and group 2 (MRR group, 15 patients). Unilateral or bilateral LRA or MRR was done according to the preoperative angle of deviation. All patients had preoperative ocular examination, which included history taking, visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, fundus examination, preoperative angle of deviation at near and far using the Krimsky method, stereopsis using the Titmus test, and suppression using the Worth 4-dot test. The patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the preoperative angle of deviation (P=0.213). In group 1, the mean preoperative angle of consecutive ET was 29.0±6.14 PD, which improved to 0.87±3.56 PD 6 months after surgery, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). In group 2, the mean preoperative angle of consecutive ET was 25.47±8.81 PD and improved to 1.67±4.58 PD 6 months after surgery, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the postoperative angle of deviation (P=0.562). Six months postoperatively, there were two (13.3%) undercorrected cases and one (6.7%) overcorrected case, with a success rate of 80% in group 1, whereas in group 2, there were two (13.3%) undercorrected cases and two (13.3%) overcorrected cases, with a success rate of 73.4%, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the success rate (P=0.66). In group 1, the mean preoperative stereoacuity value was 291.7±206.5, which improved significantly postoperatively to 140±35.71 (P=0.005). Similarly, in group 2, the mean preoperative stereoacuity value was 506.7±810.5 and improved significantly postoperatively to 150±46.41, (P=0.003).

Conclusion
Both LRA and MRR were effective in the correction of consecutive ET.
Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation using Scheimpflug tomography and OKULIX ray-tracing software in paracentral corneal scarring not interfering with postoperative refraction
Authors: Nabil Karim M. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using Scheimpflug tomography and OKULIX ray-tracing software in cases of paracentral corneal scarring.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 40 consecutive eyes: 20 with corneal scarring and coexisting cataract and 20 controls with clear cornea, for whom uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was performed. Preoperatively, Scheimpflug tomography and OKULIX ray-tracing software and third-generation IOL power calculation formulas were used for IOL power calculation. Accuracy of IOL power calculation was evaluated by subtracting the expected and achieved spherical refraction, 3 months postoperatively and was recorded as the mean absolute error (MAE). The distance uncorrected visual acuity for each eye was measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively; the visual acuity was scored and converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMar) for statistical analysis.

Results
In cases of corneal scarring, all eyes (100%) yielded a postoperative spherical refraction which differed by less than 1 D from the predicted. In 16 (80%) eyes, the postoperative spherical refraction was within 0.50 D from the expected. The MAE was 0.2 D in cases of corneal scarring, which did not differ significantly from the controls (MAE=0.1 D), P=0.142. In corneal scarring cases, the distance uncorrected visual acuity showed significant improvement from 1.3 LogMar (Snellen's equivalent 20/400), preoperatively, to 0.5 LogMar (Snellen's equivalent 20/60), 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusion
Scheimpflug tomography combined with OKULIX ray-tracing software for the calculation of IOL power provided accurate results in cases of corneal scarring.
Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment of the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Patients with Chronic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Waicus Sarah , Bhambra Nishaant 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is a complex condition that has profound impacts on quality of life. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) is a novel treatment that has shown clinical efficacy in pain relief, however, its mechanism remains unknown.

Objectives:
The objective of this review is to synthesize the literature on inflammatory markers and clinical pain outcomes in CNP patients treated with PRF.

Study Design:
A narrative review was conducted.

Setting:
Eligibility criteria included human trials on adults diagnosed with CNP. Monopolar and bipolar PRF treatments on the DRG were included.

Methods:
Four peer reviewed electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane) were systematically searched for studies on PRF on the DRG to treat CNP. The primary outcome measures included pain scores and cerebrospinal fluid samples taken pre- and posttreatment measuring inflammatory markers.

Results:
Thirty-three articles were identified in the database searches. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were evaluated, and eight articles met the inclusion criteria. The study designs included five randomized-controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies.

Patients:
There were 311 patients pooled with an age range of 35–76 years. Types of CNP included chronic radicular pain, postmastectomy pain syndrome, chronic lumbosacral pain, and postherpetic neuralgia.

Intervention:
Treatments in included studies included monopolar and bipolar PRF stimulation ranging from 120 s at 2 Hz to 360 s with 5 Hz pulses.

Measurement:
The main findings revealed that PRF treatment provided significant pain relief (P < 0.05), with the greatest pain reduction at 3 months. Pro-inflammatory markers were found to decrease, whereas anti-inflammatory markers increased post-PRF intervention.

Limitations:
There were differing PRF procedure standards, and it is uncertain whether a higher frequency or duration is correlated with better outcomes. Studies had small sample sizes increasing the margin of error. Longer duration randomized-controlled trials are needed to understand the optimal therapeutic duration using PRF.
The effectiveness of reality therapy on sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of infertile women
Authors: Koleshtajani Esmat Jamshidi , Zabihi Rozita , Yekta Mehrnaz Azad 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Infertility is one of the most important challenges in the modern life that can damage the sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of couples. The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of infertile women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up. The statistical population was infertile women who were referred to Imam Sajjad Shahriyar Hospital in 2019–2020. 15 infertile women selected by purposive sampling and underwent reality therapy (8 sessions of 90 min). Data were collected using index sexual satisfaction (ISS) and marital intimacy questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software, analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc Bonferroni test.

RESULTS:
The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy in posttest and follow-up stages compared to pretest (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the results, reality therapy can be used as an effective intervention to improvement sexual satisfaction and marital intimacy of infertile women.
Exploring Challenges of Access to Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Prevention, Treatment and Care
Authors: Biswas Sutapa , Podder Debayan , Jha Sweety Suman , Kathuria Prachi , Paul Bobby 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
People living with noncommunicable diseases (PLWNCDs) are often disproportionately affected due to adverse interaction with socioecological and biological factors. Hence, it is imperative to learn from their lived experience to gain a greater understanding of interactions as well as explore their priorities and needs in accessing care and identify areas of priority action through multistakeholder engagement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The qualitative study with grounded theory approach was conducted between October and December 2020. An online key-informant interview with the health policymaker, virtual group discussion with eight PLWNCDs, and in-depth telephonic interviews with five PLWNCDs were conducted, after obtaining informed consent using interview guide, developed, and validated by the experts. Data collection continued till data saturation was achieved. Transcripts generated from the interview recordings were coded using hand-code technique and analyzed thematically.

RESULTS:
Challenges faced by PLWNCDs in accessing care were lack of empathy and support from health-care professionals, stigma, financial hardship, and hospital overcrowding. Caregivers emphasized on the felt need to involve civil society organizations (CSOs) in raising awareness toward noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) at family, community, and policymaking levels. The need for home-based NCD care and rehabilitation centers was voiced by the PLWNCDs. Impediments toward effective implementation of NCD policies were adoption of a “top-down” approach, poor awareness about government health insurance schemes, skewed distribution of empanelled hospitals in and around cities, nonavailability of qualified health-care professionals in underserved areas, aggravated allocation-utilization disparity during COVID-19 pandemic, and lack of robust information technology infrastructure to support access to telemedicine services.

CONCLUSION:
The collective role of governments, CSOs, and health-care providers, along with meaningful involvement of PLWNCDs, would help to create an enabling environment for overcoming the challenges of access to care and thus achieve universal health coverage.
Exploring the effective elements on the personal and professional development among health-care providers
Authors: Farahmand Shervin , Rad Elaheh Malakan , Keshmiri Fatemeh 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
A new domain of “personal and professional development” was introduced as a core competency of health-care providers. This study aimed to explore the experiences of learners and faculty members about what competencies or skills were essential for the professional development and success of health-care providers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a qualitative study using an inductive content analysis approach in 2019–2020. In the present study, 58 academic faculty members participated by purposeful sampling including ten associate professors (17.24%) and 24 assistance professors (41.37%), in addition to 23-year medical residents (20.65%) and 4th-year nursing students (20.65%). Individual and group interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed by the inductive content analysis approach introduced by Graneheim and Lundman.

RESULTS:
The qualitative data were classified in 953 open codes and eight categories, which were further divided into four main categories: “socio-emotional skills,” “life-long learning skills,” “coping skills,” and “well-being strategies.”

CONCLUSIONS:
The present results showed socioemotional and coping skills affect interpersonal and professional interactions that contributed to their improved health-care providers’ capabilities. Participants also considered lifelong learning as influential in developing professional capabilities and keeping their knowledge and skills up-to-date for accountability to duties. Moreover, using well-being strategies protects the mental and physical health of health-care providers. These skills are synergistic, and their combination can have a significant role in improving the personal and professional capabilities.
Psychological implications of Covid-19 in healthcare workers
Authors: Garg Rashi , Gupta Neelam , Puri Shraddha , Kakkar Naveen 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
The Covid-19 outbreak has led to an unprecedented burden on the healthcare infrastructure. High morbidity and mortality rates have resulted in a state of stress and distress among the general population which has also impacted health professionals.

AIMS:
This study was conducted to identify mental health disturbances among health professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in a Medical College in Himachal Pradesh, India. A self-administered anonymized questionnaire was administered to the healthcare workers. Mental health status was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety-Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). In addition, a 15-item questionnaire was prepared to identify the probable causes of stress in HCWs during the Covid-19 Pandemic. A statistical analysis used t-test was used to find the significance of the correlation between the PHQ-ADS score and the agreement score of different factors.

RESULTS:
The response rate for the questionnaire was 27%. Anxiety and depression were seen in 29% of participants, ranging from mild (18.3%), moderate (4.7%), and severe (5.9%). Among females 43.7% of the participants and among males, 13.1% had anxiety and depression. High PHQ-ADS scores were seen in nursing staff (70%) and postgraduate students (30%), who were in the third decade of life. Most (81.7%) of the HCWs were concerned about transmitting the disease to their near ones. Fear of coming to the hospital and dealing with patients.

CONCLUSION:
Even sub-threshold syndromes among HCWs need to be identified before they evolve into overt diseases. The psychological needs of healthcare workers should be prioritized as they are key players in the fight against Covid-19.
Documenting the managerial experiences of Isfahan Khorshid educational and medical center in dealing with the coronavirus crisis
Authors: Abnilli Zohreh , Sami Ramin , Ferdosi Masoud 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
One of the crises facing human beings is coronavirus disease. This disease was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. With the death of two patients with respiratory complications in Qom Hospital on February 20, 1998, and the confirmation of their positive test, the arrival of COVID-19 disease in Iran was officially confirmed and Khorshid Medical Center as the main reception the Medical Center for patients with COVID-19 from August 3, 2010. The purpose of this study is to document the experiences of Khorshid Training Center in coronavirus crisis management to improve crisis management knowledge.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research was conducted qualitatively with grounded theory method in the period from March 1998 to the end of May 1999. The study population was Khorshid Educational and Medical Center. Sampling was done purposefully among medical staff, support, and hospital officials. The number of samples with the mentioned conditions reached 44 people. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed in the style of grounded theory in the style of Strauss and Corbin.

RESULTS:
Data collected after sorting, analysis, conceptual analysis; they were coded and categorized into four groups of challenges, weaknesses, strengths, and actions based on the specific objectives of the research in 5 natures, reorganization, accident control system, medical equipment and supplies, human resources, and clinical approaches.

CONCLUSION:
According to the points classified in the challenges and weaknesses, it was found that the hospital has faced several problems in corona crisis management. The management team, taking advantage of strengths in various areas, has taken effective measures to improve corona crisis management. It has led to the provision of appropriate services to the patients of the Medical Center.
Case-based learning
Authors: Das Sebi , Ponnusamy Kumarasamy Appu , Tripathi Apoorva , Jaison Judith , Rathinam Bertha A. D. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Teaching anatomy in a clinical context can aid students in appreciating how the subject will apply to their future career as nurses as well as in other administrative roles. Anatomy is voluminous, making it difficult to retain the factual information in the long run; therefore, this study primarily focuses on whether case-based learning (CBL) with integrated anatomy learning can help in retention of the information over short as well as long spans of time. It also focuses on how profitable would the students be with this different style of learning, and whether it can facilitate in better understanding of the basic and clinical concepts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The current study was conducted in the Nursing College of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India to integrate CBL and evaluate its effect compared to the highly compartmentalized, didactic lectures among the nursing students. The extent of knowledge retention was analyzed by conducting a series of tests before as well as after CBL intervention. Feedback and suggestions were obtained from the students by using the 5-point Likert scale method.

RESULTS:
The post-test scores of the students improved by 21% after the CBL. More than 85% of the students opined that CBL improves critical thinking, team work, self-directed learning, and communication skills.

CONCLUSION:
CBL promotes effective short-term retention and facilitates comprehension of key concepts. CBL also plays an important role in improving the professional skills of the students, which otherwise is not taught, and equips them for their future careers.
Detection of ADHD From EOG Signals Using Approximate Entropy and Petrosain's Fractal Dimension
Authors: Sho’ouri Nasrin 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Previous research has shown that eye movements are different in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy people. As a result, electrooculogram (EOG) signals may also differ between the two groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the recorded EOG signals of 30 ADHD children and 30 healthy children (control group) while performing an attention-related task.

Methods:
Two features of approximate entropy (ApEn) and Petrosian's fractal dimension (Pet's FD) of EOG signals were calculated for the two groups. Then, the two groups were classified using the vector derived from two features and two support vector machine (SVM) and neural gas (NG) classifiers.

Results:
Statistical analysis showed that the values of both features were significantly lower in the ADHD group compared to the control group. Moreover, the SVM classifier (accuracy: 84.6% ± 4.4%, sensitivity: 85.2% ± 4.9%, specificity: 78.8% ± 6.5%) was more successful in separating the two groups than the NG (78.1% ± 1.1%, sensitivity: 80.1% ± 6.2%, specificity: 72.2% ± 9.2%).

Conclusion:
The decrease in ApEn and Pet's FD values in the EOG signals of the ADHD group showed that their eye movements were slower than the control group and this difference was due to their attention deficit. The results of this study can be used to design an EOG biofeedback training course to reduce the symptoms of ADHD patients.
Anaglyphic Three-Dimensional Movie
Authors: Mirmohammadsadeghi Arash , Sadeghi Motahhareh , Kasaee Abolfazl , Akbari Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of anaglyphic three-dimensional movies to treat adults with anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia.

Methods:
This is an interventional case series. The seven cases were put on a trial frame containing subjective refraction, fogging plus lenses for the dominant eye, correcting prism, and anaglyphic red-cyan plastic spectacles. Patients participated in 20 sessions of 1.5 h of anaglyphic three-dimensional animated movie watching in the office. Significant visual acuity (VA) improvement was defined as improvement ≥0.2 in logMAR values. Change in octaves of stereopsis was defined as halving the arcsec or 0.3 change in log arcsec.

Results:
The average age was 26.9 ± 10.0 (16–42) years. The mean VA in amblyopic eye improved significantly from 0.42 ± 0.19 (0.15–0.7) logMAR to 0.25 ± 0.15 (0.1–0.5) logMAR after completion of sessions (P = 0.02), and four cases showed significant VA improvement. The mean stereoacuity improved significantly from 2.6 ± 0.3 (2.1–2.9) log arcsec to 2.1 ± 0.5 (1.7–2.9) log arcsec (P = 0.04). Four cases showed ≥2 octaves improvements in stereopsis.

Conclusion:
A simple and readily available method of amblyopia treatment can be effective in some adult cases.