bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Test of Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of York Imperial. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35-gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8.0 gallons of spray were applied/replcate tree. Spray dates for test insecticides were: May 25, Jun 6, 20, Jul 6, 25, Aug 9, 10, and 23, On Jul 26, 228 g/acre of Plictran 50W was applied from the east side of all experimental trees. During the season general sprays involving Cyprex, Polyram, captan, sulfur, zlneb, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 gpa to the whole experi mental block. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3° F. Rainfall in Inches averaged: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, and Sep 8.99. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of infested terminals/10 top terminals/tree, the number of aphid infested leaves/terminal, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves per tree. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/ tree, 60 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predators, S. punctum and H. vitripennis was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae and adults and nymphs, respectively, around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jul 9 and 2 pick samples on Aug 16 and Sep 7. Apple samples averaged 194 fruits/replicate and 776/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate to heavy throughout the season.
Cattle, Evaluation of Fenvalerate and Tetrachlorvinphos Ear Tags for Horn Fly And Face Fly Control, 1978*
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two herds of ten heifers, with one bull per herd, were tagged with one ear tag per ear on June 3'78. Bulls were removed during the 11th week. One herd was tagged with 8.42% fenvalerate tags and the other with 14.7% tetrachlorvinphos tags. Flies were monitored weekly with the aid of binoculars. Horn fly counts were made by estimating the number on one side of each heifer, whereas the total number of face flies found on the face was counted. The effectiveness of the test was determined by comparing the number of flies on untreated cattle within the same area.
Cattle Biting Louse Control, 1979
Authors: Schmidtmann E. T. , Valla M. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty new-born bull calves were purchased in late December - early January and housed in a temperature controlled calf barn at 10-13°C. Test calves were maintained in veal calf crates modified with plywood and galvanized iron sheeting to prevent contact be-tween animals or louse immigration. Calves were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups, 5 calves each, in a completely randomized design. A single appli-cation of each treatment was applied on Feb 10. Louse populations were sampled at weekly intervals beginning two weeks prior to treatment and for 6 weeks post-treatment. Ten sites on each animal were sampled; two were narrow strips along the dorsal midline, one between the shoulder blades, the other just anterior to the railhead. The other sample sites were 4x4 inch areas, each defined with a template, two on each side of the withers and the rump approx-imately 10 inches down from the midline. All late instar and adult lice observed in each sample area were talleyed and a mean was calculated for the number of lice at each site within treatments. Weekly mean values were compared by analysis of varience.
Evaluation of Atroban Wipes Against Stable Fly and Face Fly on Horses, 1979
Authors: Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two ready-to-use 1 and 2% Atroban oil formulations and a 1% water emulsion made from a 42.5% EC formulation were wiped on horses at 2 and 4 oz/liorse. Two horses were used for each treatment and each horse averaged 250 kg. Laboratory reared face flies and stable flies and wild stable flies, when available, were confined, 20 per species, to screened mason jar lids. These were provided sugar water on a cotton pad and 24 hours later exposed to the treated horses for 15 minutes, except for 5 minutes for the last exposure during the test. This was accomplished by placing the lids containing the flies on a 4 × 4 inch galvanized metal and sliding this under an elastic girth fitted around the forward mid-section of the horse. The metal plate was then removed to expose the flies and replaced to recapture the flies. These flies were then returned to the laboratory and the lids containing the flies placed on clean 3x5 inch index cards. Fresh blood, placed on cotton pads, was pro-vided as food. Mortality counts were taken at 24 hours after exposure.
Pear, Codling Moth Control, 1979
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Large Bartlett and d'Anjou pear trees were sprayed with airblast equipment at 400 gpa. Plots consisted of half-acre unreplicated blocks. Three applications of Gufhion were made at traditional timing to coincide with first egg hatch, 21 da later, and the third for the beginning of second brood. The first Dimilin spray was timed to first oviposition, the second was applied 21 da later, and the third was applied at the beginning of second brood activity. Treatments were evaluated by examining 500 fruits (250 from each variety) on Jul 13 for first brood infestation and Aug 13 for total infestation. Predators of pear psylla were counted by the limb tap method 4 times during the spray season. Deraeocorisbrevis and 2 Anthocoris sp., A. melanocerus and A. nemoralis, were the most numerous predators and the only ones reported in the table.
Pear, Grape Mealybug Control, 1979
Authors: Hil William Bruce 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Parathion was applied at the recommended dosages to determine the most effective time of application. Four treatments, including check, each consisting of 5 single-tree replicates were arranged in a completely randomized design. Sprays were applied until run-off with a handgun sprayer operating at 600 psi. Treatments were timed according to free phenology. Spurs or suckers, 25/treatment, were taken at intervals until crawler emergence ceased. Live crawlers and nymphs were recorded.
Cherry, Chemical Control of Fall Webworm, Wayne Co., Ohio, 1978
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested cherry (5-15 feet/1.5-4.6 m) growing along roadsides were used for evaluating efficacy of selected insecticides (see table). A Myers wheelbarrow sprayer operating at 200 psi was used to apply ca. 1 gal (0.95 I) finished spray per tree. Three randomly chosen, single-tree replicates, each having at least 1 web with living larvae, were used for each of the 7 treatments. Application was Aug 31 between 3:00 and 6:00 PM (EDT), when larvae were 25-40 mm long. Ambient temperature was 75°F (24°C) with clear sky and winds of 8-10 mph (12-15 kph). Spray was first directed to the tent(s) and then to surrounding foliage. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 5 days post-treatment and required 2 man-hours. One tent from each tree (rep) was dismantled, and living larvae were counted.
Choke Cherry, Chemical Control of Fall Webworm, Ashland Co., Ohio, 1979
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Choke cherry (and 1 mulberry and 1 hickory) growing along a roadside were used to evaluate efficacy of selected insecticides against fall webworm. A Myers wheelbarrow sprayer operating at 200 psi was used to apply ca. 1 gallon (3.8 I) finished spray per each 3-5 m tall tree. Three, single-tree replicates, each with at least one viable colony of larvae, were used for each of the 10 treatments. Sprays were applied Aug 30 between 3:00 and 5:00 P.M. (EDT) when larvae were 2-3 cm long. Ambient temperature was 75-80 F (24-27°C) with clear skies and winds of 10-15 mph (16-24 kph). Spray was first directed to webs and then to surrounding foliage. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 5 days post-treatment. One web from each tree (rep) was dismantled, and living and dead larvae were counted.
Pecan Nut Casebearer Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1979
Authors: Boethel David J. , Micinski Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on mature 'Success' pecan trees (ca. 7 trees per acre) at the L.S.U. Pecan Station, Shreveport, LA. The experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of 3 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made May 18 with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca. 35 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on Jun 11 by counting the number of damaged clusters per 25 randomly selected clusters per tree. A cluster was considered damaged if any nut within the cluster was injured by casebearer. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Pecan, Pecan Nut Casebearer Management, 1979
Authors: Harris Marvin K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test blocks were established in a mature bearing native pecan grove at Hidden Valley Farms near Hamilton, TX in Hamilton Co., in Apr. Each block consisted of at least 10 trees covering a minimum of 2 acres. Pretreatment monitoring of pecan nut development, weather and oviposition were used to time treatment application. Treatments were applied on May 23. Evaluations were made on Jun 18 by examining 200 nut clusters from a minimum of 4 trees within each treatment for damage from pecan nut casebearer. All chemicals were applied with a 500 gallon capacity speed sprayer as a dilute solution sprayed on the foliage to the point of runoff. No phytotoxicity to foliage or nuts was observed from any treatment. Phosalone was the treatment standard.
Sex Pheromone-Baited Traps as Monitors of Insect Infestation Levels in Stored-Products
Authors: Vick Kenneth W. , Mankin Richard W. , Coffelt James A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As food and fiber pass through harvesting and processing steps, they become increasingly valuable. Products are freed from debris, dead and living insects, and damaged material. Often grading, milling and blending are required before the products are packaged for delivery to wholesale and/or retail markets. During processing and marketing, commodities are usually transported several times. Each step involves expenditures of time and energy, and each processing and transporting event offers significant opportunities for insect infestation or reinfestation. Therefore, detection of low level insect infestations in marketing and transporting channels is of major importance so the proper treatment procedures can be instituted before an infestation grows and is spread far beyond its original boundaries. Also, failure to detect an incipient infestation and take corrective action may lead to the condemnation of an entire batch or shipment.
Two Spotted Spidermite Control Test on Bean, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Paired bean plants about 8 in. in height, greenhouse grown in plastic pots in perlite medium, were reduced to 2 leaves/plant. Plants were secured in an upright position with plastic ties to bamboo rods inserted in the rooting medium. Each leaf was infested by attaching a section of leaf with a pin from an infested plant from a long established mite colony (N. H. Wright, Cranbury, NJ 1948). A small amount of lanolin was applied to each petiole to restrict migration. Pinned leaf sections were removed after 24 hrs. Spray solution were prepared in water from formulated materials and applied with a Hudson Climax spray to run-off. Each material was applied to 8 plants, i.e., 16 leaves. Compounds were evaluated in 2 tests on 2 different dates. Sprayed plants were maintained in a greenhouse and carefully watered when needed. At day 5 post-treatment, leaves were removed and both sides of the leaf were examined under a stereo-microscope for alive and dead mites.
Foliar Sprays to Control Leafminers, 1978
Authors: Neal John W. , Drake Gale E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The residual effect of Knoxout 2FM (encapsulated diazinon) in controlling leafminer larvae was evaluated in a timed study. Treatments were replicated three times. Forty pair of uninfested 8 in. bean plants, greenhouse grown in 4 - in. plastic pots, were reduced by hand trimming to 2 leaves per plant (160 leaves). Pots were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 per treatment. Spray solutions of the treatments were applied to runoff with a Hudson 1-gallon sprayer. One group of 8 plants remained untreated. Treated plants were placed in an insect-free greenhouse except that one pair of pots from each treatment (including the control) was placed in an individual fine mesh saran screen cage (17.0 in. h 4, and 6 post-treatment and handled in the same way. The 4 leaves from each pot were examined for the number of miners 5 days after the adults were removed from the cages. Leaves were individually held between folded paper towels for counting of puparium after larval emergence.
Granular Insecticide Whorl Applications to Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the application of granular systemic and controlled release formulations of insecticides on heading cabbage to assess seasonal insect control. A randomized block design of three replications was used with 24-inch row spacing (21,780 linear ft of row/acre) in a plot 5 ft × 30 ft. Dacthat 75W herbicide was used at 12 lbs/acre as a preemergence application. Fertilization consisted of 200 lbs of 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in to this field of cabbage in third year of production. Bravo 6F fungicide at 1.0 qt/acre was applied with a cub tractor boom mounted sprayer in weekly maintenance sprays for disease control. White cabbage, was transplanted on May 23 and granular insecticides applied on Jul 17. A hand held shaker can was used to deliver premeasured granular insecticide amounts per plot over the tops of plants directing granular materials in to tops of head leaves. At this time, the cabbage' was approximately 12 in. high with the first several head leaves forming. At harvest on Aug 7, 10 mature cabbage heads were cut and rated for insect damage/plot. Outer wrapper leaves were removed before damage ratings were made. A heavy infestation of imported cabbage worm and diamondback moth larvae developed in the check. Also, due to the type of application used heavy flea beetle feeding damage occurred on the head leaves. No aphid colonies developed in any of the treatments nor was any phytoxicity observed.
Cabbage Looper Control, 1979
Authors: Reed D. K. , Mouzin T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Green Pak' cabbage was transplanted on May 18 with 10-inch spacing using a mechanical transplanter. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a completely randomized block design. Twenty foot rows were buffered on both sides with broccoli plants at the same spacing. A 3 row, tractor mounted boom operating at 60 psi, delivering 37 gal of H2O/acre, and with 3 nozzles/row was used to apply the materials on Jun 13, 19 and 25; Jul 3, 10 and 17. Effectiveness of the treatments was assessed by counting numbers of cabbage looper larvae on 5 plants/replication every 7-10 days.
Cabbage Maggot Control on Transplant Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on Apr 26, on a 24-in row spacing with 12 in between plants. Two row plots 30-ff long were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot was bordered by an untreated row. Diazinon AG500 and Standak 75WP were applied in the transplant water, Amaze 6E was applied after transplanting as a directed spray using a 3 gal sprayer delivering 100 gal of solution/acre at 40 psi. Damage assessments were made on Jun 8 by counting maggots and tunnels on 20 roots/treatment/replication. Cabbage was harvested and yields were taken on Jul 20.
Control of Root Maggots on Chinese Cabbage, 1977-78
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Michihli' cabbage was planted in 5 by 20 ft 2-row beds with 22-inch interrow and 16-inch interplant spacing on Jul 26'77 and Jul 27'78 at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. The at-planting granular treatments of Dasanit were applied and incorporated by using the “bow wave” method whereby the opening and covering shoes of the seeder are used to distribute and incorporate the insecticide. These were followed by the 30-day postplanting (= 40-day preharvest) application of a band spray of the SC formulation to the soil surface applied in 3.5 gal water/1000 lineal ft of row through “TEEJET” 8005 even spray flat fan nozzles operated at 60 psi by air pressure. Both treatment methods resulted in 6-inch wide bands of insecticide over the row. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing, washing and examining the roots of 15 plants selected at random from each bed at harvest. The number of plants injured and the degree of injury were noted and recorded.
Aphid Control on Leaf Lettuce, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lettuce was planted on Jul 3 with a John Deere 33 planter at the Muck Crops Branch, OARDC, Willard, OH. Pirimor (Test 1) was evaluated on 3 row blocks 40-ft long with 15 inches between rows and 34 inches between blocks with 3 replications of each treatment in a randomized complete block. Other foliar and granular insecticides (Test 2) were evaluated in a separate test in 3-row blocks 30-ft long with 4 replications in a randomized complete block. Both tests had a 3-row untreated border on either side of each treatment. Foliar insecticide applications were applied on the dates indicated using a tractor driven sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi in a directed spray. Aphid counts were made weekly on 10 plants from the center row of each treatment. Green peach aphids (GPA) were counted separately from other species.
Southern Peas, Cowpea Curculio Control, Tift Co., 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Southern peas were planted Apr 15. Plots were 2 rows, 50-ft long, 3-ft row width, replicated 4X in RCB. Treated rows alternated with 2-row untreated buffer rows. Soil type was a loamy sand. Plots were treated beginning at anthesis on Jun 12, 16, 19 and 23 using a tractor-mounted boom, 3 nozzles/row at 50 psi, in 50 gal water/acre. When mature (Jun 26), 25 pods/plot were harvested and examined for cowpea curculio stings on the pod and seed.
Control of Cabbage Loopers, Spotted Cutworms, and Pea Aphids on Peas, 1979
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Green Giant 531'peas were planted Apr 21 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, Minnesota. Plots were 21 × 55-ft, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The bulk of treatments were applied Jul 31 but 2 treatments were applied Jul 6 to determine the effects of premature application. A tractor-drawn boom sprayer applying 20 gal water/acre at ca 50 psi was used for all treatments. Plots were sampled Aug 6 by shaking plants over a 14 × 18-inch food tray in 12 random locations.
Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Cuperus Gerrit W. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted May 25 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. The field had previously been several years in bluegrass sod. The soil type is Waukegan silt loam. Plots were 2 rows, 60-ft long, spaced 40-inches apart, randomized in complete blocks with 5 replications. The broadcast application was applied with an Ortho-Wirlybird spreader and incorporated prior to planting. Other granular treatments were applied in furrow at planting with a planter mounted granular applicator. Spray applications were hand applied in 12-inch bands on the center of the rows and soil incorported. Potatoes were harvested Sep 20, washed, counted, weighed, and scored for wire worm and diptera injury.
Control of Azinphosmethyl Resistant Green Peach Aphids with Foliar Insecticides, 1979
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted May 25 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were single row, 25-ft long, with a 40-inch row spacing, arranged in randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. Beginning Jul 5, applications of azinphosmethyl (0.5 lb ai/acre) were applied on a weekly schedule to build up a resistant aphid population. Foliar insecticides were then applied Sep 6 and Sep 19 using a hand-operated compress air sprayer delivering 50 gal water/acre. The day following application, green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 leaves per plot.
Green Peach Aphid and Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Hart D. S. , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted Apr 19, at Parma, ID, in silt loam soil. Granular insecticides were applied in the furrow at planting or sidedressed on each side of the row 1 to 2 inches below the seed pieces at 75% plant emergence. Treatments were replicated in 4-row 30-ft plots with 36-inch row spacing in a randomized complete block design. Numbers of Colorado potato beetles were determined by counting adults and larvae observed while walking through the 2 center rows of each plot. Green peach aphids were counted on 25 leaves. Yields were estimated by harvesting 25 ft of the 2 center plot rows.
Insect Control on Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Norchip' potatoes were planted May 4 in single 25-ft rows on 6 ft centers with untreated border rows on either side of each treatment. The treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All granular insecticides were applied in furrow at planting. Foliar sprays were applied on Jun 22, Jul 5, Jul 19, Aug 2, and Aug 16 using a CO2 pressurized hand sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi. Counts were taken every two weeks of the number of beetles on 10 plants and the number of aphids and leafhoppers on 3 leaves (upper, middle, and lower) from 10 plants/treatment/replication. Potatoes were harvested and yields taken on Sep 10.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm and Cabbage Looper, 1982
Authors: Tuttle A. F. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Market Prize' cabbage was transplanted to the field on Jun 2 for the first trial and Jun 16 for the second. Fertilizer (10-10-10) was applied at 1200 lb/acre on May 4. The soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of 6.7. Each plot was a 25 ft row and each treatment was replicated 3 times for the first trial and 4 times for the second in a randomized complete block design. Applications of insecticide were based on 3 ft row spacing. All applications were made with a 2 liter CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 60 gal/acre at 40 psi. There were no cabbage looper larvae present on Jul 15 at the time of the first spray trial. On Jul 15 the plots to be used for the second trial were treated with Lannate SP at 0.75 lb ai/acre to reduce the imported cabbageworm population. The second trial applications were made on Aug 10. The number of larvae per 5 plants was recorded for both trials.