bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence and Ephemerality of Humour During Live Coverage of Large-Scale eSports Events
Authors: Felczak Mateusz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues for ephemerality and emergence as key characteristics of humour in the context of large-scale eSports events. The analysis is based on three large-scale venues: the 2019StarCraft IIWorld Championship Series (WCS), Intel Extreme Masters (IEM) Katowice 2020 and DreamHack SC2 Masters 2020: Season Finals tournaments. The assessment is made using examples encompassing commentators, audience and players, and it is argued that the digital and physical space have been crucial in establishing temporary communities based on shared moments of festive humour. Corporeal, accidental and potentially offensive components of comical phenomena are linked to playful engagement with inter- and metatextual frameworks in which humour is facilitated during live broadcasts of eSports venues on the Twitch.tv digital platform.
Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Molecular Targeted Therapies and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Cairns John Alexander 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMolecular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have in recent years been transforming the care of many cancer patients. This chapter compares twenty-one appraisals of molecular targeted therapies in non-small-cell lung cancer, comprising six EGFR-TK inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, necitumumab, osimertinib and dacomitinib), five ALK inhibitors (crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib, brigatinib and lorlatinib) and two ROS1 inhibitors (crizotinib and entrectinib), with fifteen appraisals of checkpoint inhibitors used in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer comprising the anti-PD-1 agents nivolumab and pembrolizumab, and the anti-PD-L1 agents atezolizumab and durvalumab. Differences with respect to economic evaluation, such as, in terms of the clinical evidence underlying the modelling of cost-effectiveness, and differences observed with respect to life-extending end-of-life status and with respect to inclusion in the Cancer Drugs Fund, are highlighted. The differences observed between the appraisal of the two types of therapy derive from the more limited clinical data and the more restricted application of the targeted medicines. This study of decision making with respect to oncology drugs is likely to be increasingly relevant to a much wider range of medicines, as differential weighting of QALYs and the use of managed access schemes are extended beyond oncology drugs.
Real-World Data in Health Technology Assessment: Do We Know It Well Enough?
Authors: Kang Jiyeon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdvanced data science leads the fourth revolution. Data are not only contributing to developing new technologies, but also are expected to help provide scientific and systematic evidence to policymakers by combining all available evidence. In health care, big data and real-world data (RWD) are major key concepts. While they share the similarity, two data are different. As the interests in data being increased, the health technology assessment (HTA) agency faces another phase to incorporate these data in appraising new health technology. This chapter focuses on RWD to discuss the opportunities and challenges of using RWD in HTA. RWD is expected to help supplement the information of survival model, comparators, generalisability and rare cancers along with RCTs. However, there are some limitations to use RWD in HTA, such as no consensus on the definition of RWD, the risk of confounder, challenges to assess the relative treatment effects, quality of data and also generalisability issue. In order to use RWD appropriately in HTA, the deliberation based on the understanding of limitation should be accompanied.
Introduction to the Imaginary of Precision Oncology
Authors: Engen Caroline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIdeas about precision medicine found its way into cancer research around the turn of the twentieth century and resulted in the imaginary of precision oncology. This chapter presents the emergence of the imaginary as well as its historical background. It furthermore argues that the imaginary is not well suited to take full biological complexity into account. This gives rise to conceptual limitations as well as practical risks as ambitions of precision are translated into practice.
“Reconstruction of Trouble”
Authors: Dillekås Hanna Elisabet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter tells the story of how a Norwegian campaign with the noble cause of offering breast reconstruction to breast cancer treated patients, ended up reconstructing trouble both within and outside of this patient group. Some former cancer patients ended up having not only their breast but also their cancer reconstructed. Furthermore, the resource used by the reconstruction campaign also had as a side-effect a certain resurgence of orofacial cleft as a public health issue as the plastic surgeons were instructed to prioritise breast reconstruction.
Lost in Translation
Authors: Gissum Karen Rosnes 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe era of precision medicine and biomarkers is here. Medical science and research on biomarkers have made enormous improvements in medical care for cancer patients, improvements that are highly valuable to patients and their caregivers as well as prestige for medical scientists and the pharmaceutical industry. But do these improvements lead to “good health” for cancer patients? “Good health” is one of the most important things in life, but what is the meaning of “good health” today, how do we talk about health, who is declaring a status of ‘good health’, do modern medicine have limitations in being able to declare ‘good health’, and by which perspectives are “good health” declared? These are all relevant questions to ask when defining and framing health, disease and illness in the era of precision medicine.Ovarian cancer is a serious and highly lethal disease. The different perspectives of health, disease and illness affects the physician-patient relationship and eventually the decision-making. The rapid progress in biomedicine demands knowledge and understanding, but are physicians and cancer patients living in the same world, understanding the same language, or are they all lost in the translation when communicating and understanding illness, disease and above all – health?
The Complexity of LTL Rational Synthesis
Authors: Kupferman Orna , Shenwald Noam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInrational synthesis, we automatically construct a reactive system that satisfies its specification in all rational environments, namely environments that have objectives and act to fulfill them. We complete the study of the complexity of LTL rational synthesis. Our contribution is threefold. First, we tighten the known upper bounds for settings that were left open in earlier work. Second, our complexity analysis is parametric, and we describe tight upper and lower bounds in each of the problem parameters: the game graph, the objectives of the system components, and the objectives of the environment components. Third, we generalize the definition of rational synthesis, combining the cooperative and non-cooperative approaches studied in earlier work, and extend our complexity analysis to the general definition.
Automatic Repair for Network Programs
Authors: Shi Lei , Wang Yuepeng , Alur Rajeev , Loo Boon Thau 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDebugging imperative network programs is a difficult task for operators as it requires understanding various network modules and complicated data structures. For this purpose, this paper presents an automated technique for repairing network programs with respect to unit tests. Given as input a faulty network program and a set of unit tests, our approach localizes the fault through symbolic reasoning, and synthesizes a patch ensuring that the repaired program passes all unit tests. It applies domain-specific abstraction to simplify network data structures and exploits function summary reuse for modular symbolic analysis. We have implemented the proposed techniques in a tool called NetRep and evaluated it on 10 benchmarks adapted from real-world software-defined network controllers. The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of NetRep for repairing network programs.
Theoretischer Hintergrund
Authors: Braun Vera 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungKapitel 2 schafft eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines Idealtypus der Beziehung zwischen Meritokratie und beruflicher Bildung. In diesem Sinne setzt es sich allgemein mit Meritokratie auseinander und arbeitet davon ausgehend den Zusammenhang zwischen Leistung, Werten von Akteur/-innen und Strukturen des Bildungssystems heraus.
Digital Information and Library Services in ODDE
Authors: Owusu-Ansah Christopher M. , Rodrigues Antonioda da Silva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis chapter is anchored on Collaboration being a new construct in the Digital Library Reference Model proposed by the DELOS Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries. The chapter argues that distance learning library services will be significantly enhanced with a collaboratively implemented digital library service taking into cognizance the role of collaboration in strategic planning and policy development, provision of digital collections and information services, and technological infrastructure and skills development in the distance education context. The study concludes that the collaborative model for implementing digital libraries in open, distance, and digital education (ODDE) can ensure that digital libraries are collaboratively designed leading to wider acceptance and use in ODDE.
miRNA-guided reprogramming of glucose and glutamine metabolism and its impact on cell adhesion/migration during solid tumor progression
Authors: Quirico Lorena , Orso Francesca , Cucinelli Stefania , Paradzik Mladen , Natalini Dora , Centonze Giorgia , Dalmasso Alberto , La Vecchia Sofia , Coco Martina , Audrito Valentina , Riganti Chiara , Defilippi Paola , Taverna Daniela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of target genes post-transcriptionally, and are highly involved in cancer progression. They are able to impact a variety of cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation and can consequently control tumor initiation, tumor progression and metastasis formation. miRNAs can regulate, at the same time, metabolic gene expression which, in turn, influences relevant traits of malignancy such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Since the interaction between metabolism and adhesion or cell movement has not, to date, been well understood, in this review, we will specifically focus on miRNA alterations that can interfere with some metabolic processes leading to the modulation of cancer cell movement. In addition, we will analyze the signaling pathways connecting metabolism and adhesion/migration, alterations that often affect cancer cell dissemination and metastasis formation.
One-Dimensional Fokker–Planck Equations and Functional Inequalities for Heavy Tailed Densities
Authors: Furioli Giulia , Pulvirenti Ada , Terraneo Elide , Toscani Giuseppe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present and discuss connections between the problem of trend to equilibrium for one-dimensional Fokker–Planck equations modeling socio-economic problems, and one-dimensional functional inequalities of the type of Poincaré, Wirtinger and logarithmic Sobolev, with weight, for probability densities with polynomial tails. As main examples, we consider inequalities satisfied by inverse Gamma densities, taking values on $$\mathbb R_+$$

R
+

, and Cauchy-type densities, taking values on $$\mathbb R$$
R
.
Evaluation of ankle fracture classification systems in 193 trimalleolar ankle fractures
Authors: Pflüger Patrick , Harder Felix , Müller Karoline , Biberthaler Peter , Crönlein Moritz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Different classification systems have been developed for ankle fractures. In recent years, the posterior malleolus has gained in importance and led to computed tomography (CT)-based classification systems. The aim of the study was to analyse their reliability, fracture patterns and influence on treatment strategy.

Methods
Patients with a trimalleolar ankle fracture treated between 2011 and 2020 with preoperative radiographs and CT images were included. The blinded images were independently classified by three reviewers according to the AO/OTA, Herscovici, Bartoníček, Mason and Haraguchi classifications. The interobserver reliability was calculated by Fleiss' kappa (κ). CT images were analysed to determine the dimensions of the posterior malleolus fragments. Patient registries were reviewed regarding the treatment data.

Results
A total of 193 patients were included. The AO/OTA classification showed almost perfect inter- and intraobserver reliability (Fleiss’ κ = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82–0.90). Regarding the posterior malleolus, the Bartoníček classification demonstrated the highest reliability (Fleiss’ κ = 0.78, 95% CI 0.73–0.83). The Herscovici classification only reached moderate reliability for medial malleolus fractures (Fleiss' κ = 0.59, 95% CI 0.54–0.65). There was a trend towards direct fixation of the posterior malleolus in the last 3 years of the observation period (OR: 2.49, 95% CI 1.03–5.99).

Conclusion
In trimalleolar ankle fractures, the AO/OTA classification is a reliable system to characterize the type of fracture, but it fails to provide solid information about the posterior malleolus. Nowadays, treatment recommendations for trimalleolar ankle fractures focus on the configuration of the posterior malleolus; therefore, the results of this study advocate the use of the Bartoníček classification as a reliable tool to guide treatment.
Endothelial glycocalyx degradation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19
Authors: Veraldi Noemi , Vivès Romain R. , Blanchard-Rohner Géraldine , L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Wagner Noemie , Rohr Marie , Beghetti Maurice , De Agostini Ariane , Grazioli Serge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) represents a rare but severe complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection affecting children that can lead to myocardial injury and shock. Vascular endothelial dysfunction has been suggested to be a common complicating factor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to characterize endothelial glycocalyx degradation in children admitted with MIS-C. We collected blood and urine samples and measured proinflammatory cytokines, myocardial injury markers, and endothelial glycocalyx markers in 17 children admitted with MIS-C, ten of which presented with inflammatory shock requiring intensive care admission and hemodynamic support with vasopressors. All MIS-C patients presented signs of glycocalyx deterioration with elevated levels of syndecan-1 in blood and both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in the urine. The degree of glycocalyx shedding correlated with tumor necrosis factor-α concentration. Five healthy age-matched children served as controls. Patients with MIS-C presented severe alteration of the endothelial glycocalyx that was associated with disease severity. Future studies should clarify if glycocalyx biomarkers could effectively be predictive indicators for the development of complications in adult patients with severe COVID-19 and children with MIS-C.

Key messages

Children admitted with MIS-C presented signs of endothelial glycocalyx injury with elevated syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate level.

Syndecan-1 levels were associated with MIS-C severity and correlated TNF-α concentration.

Syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate may represent potential biomarkers for patients with severe COVID-19 or MIS-C.
Ökonomische Aspekte der Niederfeld-Magnetresonanztomographie
Authors: Vosshenrich Jan , Breit Hanns-Christian , Bach Michael , Merkle Elmar M. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Niederfeld-Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-Geräte bieten aufgrund niedrigerer Herstellungskosten und geringerer baulicher Anforderungen für Installation und Betrieb eine Chance zur Kostenreduktion.

Fragestellung
Mögliche Kostenreduktionen in Anschaffung, Einbringung und Unterhalt durch die Verwendung neuer Niederfeld-MRT-Systeme.

Material und Methoden
Übersicht über die wichtigsten Kostenfaktoren und Evaluierung des Einsparpotenzials eines 0,55-T-Niederfeld-MRT der neuesten Generation im Vergleich zu 1,5‑ und 3‑T-MRT-Systemen in der klinischen Routine.

Ergebnisse
Im Anschaffungspreis liegt das Einsparpotenzial eines 0,55-T- im Vergleich zu einem 1,5-T-MRT-System bei etwa 40–50 %. Das um 25 % niedrigere Gewicht des Systems verringert die Transportkosten, die geringere Größe des Geräts erlaubt bei einem ebenerdigen Betriebsplatz die Einbringung mittels ferngesteuertem fahrbarem Robotersystem ohne Eröffnung der Außenfassade. Eine Quench-Leitung muss nicht installiert werden. Die Kosten für Einbringung und Installation sind insgesamt bis zu 70 % niedriger als bei Hochfeldsystemen. Die Wartungskosten eines 0,55-T-Geräts liegen etwa 45 % unter denen eines 1,5-T-Geräts bei vergleichbarem Servicevertrag. Weitere potenzielle Kostenreduktionen ergeben sich durch die geringere Raumgröße und einen potenziell geringeren Energieverbrauch für Untersuchungen und Kühlung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Verwendung von MRT-Systemen mit niedrigerer Feldstärke bieten großes ökonomisches und ökologisches Potenzial für Kliniken und Praxisbetreiber.
Fast radio bursts at the dawn of the 2020s
Authors: Petroff E. , Hessels J. W. T. , Lorimer D. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of the first fast radio burst (FRB) in 2007, and their confirmation as an abundant extragalactic population in 2013, the study of these sources has expanded at an incredible rate. In our 2019 review on the subject, we presented a growing, but still mysterious, population of FRBs—60 unique sources, 2 repeating FRBs, and only 1 identified host galaxy. However, in only a few short years, new observations and discoveries have given us a wealth of information about these sources. The total FRB population now stands at over 600 published sources, 24 repeaters, and 19 host galaxies. Higher time resolution data, sustained monitoring, and precision localisations have given us insight into repeaters, host galaxies, burst morphology, source activity, progenitor models, and the use of FRBs as cosmological probes. The recent detection of a bright FRB-like burst from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935 + 2154 provides an important link between FRBs and magnetars. There also continue to be surprising discoveries, like periodic modulation of activity from repeaters and the localisation of one FRB source to a relatively nearby globular cluster associated with the M81 galaxy. In this review, we summarise the exciting observational results from the past few years. We also highlight their impact on our understanding of the FRB population and proposed progenitor models. We build on the introduction to FRBs in our earlier review, update our readers on recent results, and discuss interesting avenues for exploration as the field enters a new regime where hundreds to thousands of new FRBs will be discovered and reported each year.
Complete Implant Wrapping with Porcine-Derived Acellular Dermal Matrix for the Treatment of Capsular Contracture in Breast Reconstruction: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Bassetto Franco , Pandis Laura , Azzena Gian Paolo , De Antoni Eleonora , Crema Alberto , Scortecci Leonardo , Brambullo Tito , Pavan Chiara , Marini Massimo , Facchin Federico , Vindigni Vincenzo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Capsular contracture (CC) represents one of the most common complications in breast reconstruction surgery, impairing final result and patients’ well-being. The role of acellular dermal matrixes (ADM) has been widely described for the treatment and prevention of contracture. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of complete implant coverage with porcine-derived ADM in preventing CC limiting complications. In addition, patients’ reported outcomes were evaluated in order to define the role of ADM in improving sexual, physical and psychosocial well-being and satisfaction.

Methods
42 patients who underwent surgical treatment of 46 contracted reconstructed breasts from May 2018th to May 2019th were collected in the two groups (ADM group vs. Control group).

Results
The ADM group showed lower rate of CC recurrence and a higher rate of implant losses and minor complications. A significant difference was observed in red breast syndrome (27.3% in the ADM group vs. absent in control the group) and skin ulceration rates (18.2% in the ADM group vs. 4.18% in the control group). As for patients’ perceived outcomes, the ADM group showed a statistically significant higher postoperative Satisfaction of Breast Scale score compared to the control group. In addition, a significant difference was observed in the improvement of Physical Well-Being of the Chest Scale and the Satisfaction of Breast Scale after surgery, in favor to the ADM group.

Conclusion
Complete implant coverage with ADM may reduce the risk of CC recurrence in breast reconstruction. An accurate patient selection allows minimizing complications improving patient well-being and satisfaction.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Human‐Caused Sound Distractors and their Impact on Operating Room Team Function
Authors: Brommelsiek Margaret , Krishnan Tara , Rudy Paul , Viswanathan Navin , Sutkin Gary 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient safety in the Operating Room (OR) depends on unobstructed team communication. Yet the typical OR is loud, containing numerous sounds from surgical machinery overlayed with human‐caused sounds. Our objective was to compare machine vs human‐caused sounds for their loudness and distraction, and potential impact on team communication.MethodsAfter surveying OR staff about sounds that interfere with job performance and team communication, we recorded 19 machine and 48 human‐caused sounds measuring their acoustical intensity. We compared peak measures of machine vs human‐caused sound loudness, using Student's t‐test. We observed the effect of these sounds on OR staff in 59 live surgeries, rating level of interference with team function. We visually depicted competing sounds through a spectral analysis.ResultsThe survey response rate was 62.8%. 93% of respondents indicated that OR noise, especially human‐caused sounds such as irrelevant conversations, interfere with team communication, hearing, and focus. OR peak decibel levels ranged from 56.8 dB (surgical packaging) to 105.0 dB (kicked metal stepstool). Human‐caused sounds were comparable to machine‐caused sounds in terms of mean peak dB levels (77.0 versus 73.8 dB, p = 0.32), yet were rated as more interfering with surgical team function. The spectral analysis illustrated both machine and human‐caused sound sources obscuring the surgeon's instructions.ConclusionsAvoidable human‐caused sounds are a major source of disruption in the OR and interfere with communication and job performance. We recommend surgical team training to minimize these distractions.