bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spotlight on 4‐substituted quinolines as potential anti‐infective agents: Journey beyond chloroquine
Authors: Goyal Ankush , Kharkwal Harsha , Piplani Mona , Singh Yogendra , Murugesan Sankaranarayanan , Aggarwal Amit , Kumar Piyush , Chander Subhash 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContinued emerging resistance of pathogens against the clinically approved candidates and their associated limitations continuously demand newer agents having better potency with a more suited safety profile. Quinoline nuclei containing scaffolds of natural and synthetic origin have been documented for diverse types of pharmacological activities, and a number of drugs are clinically approved. In the present review, we unprecedentedly covered the biological potential of 4‐substituted quinoline and elaborated a rationale for its special privilege to afford the significant number of approved clinical drugs, particularly against infectious pathogens. Compounds with 4‐substituted quinoline are well documented for antimalarial activity, but in the last two decades, they have been extensively explored for activity against cancer, tuberculosis, and several other pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other infectious pathogens. In the present study, the anti‐infective spectrum of this scaffold is discussed against viruses, mycobacteria, malarial parasites, and fungal and bacterial strains, along with recent updates in this area, with special emphasis on the structure–activity relationship.
Automated large‐scale mapping and analysis of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut (USA) using a Deep Learning YOLOv4 framework
Authors: der Vaart Wouter Verschoof‐van , Bonhage Alexander , Schneider Anna , Ouimet William , Raab Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, numerous studies have successfully mapped thousands of former charcoal production sites (also called relict charcoal hearths) manually using digital elevation model (DEM) data from various forested areas in Europe and the north‐eastern USA. The presence of these sites causes significant changes in the soil physical and chemical properties, referred to as legacy effects, due to high amounts of charcoal that remain in the soils. The overwhelming amount of charcoal hearths found in landscapes necessitates the use of automated methods to map and analyse these landforms. We present a novel approach based on open source data and software, to automatically detect relict charcoal hearths in large‐scale LiDAR datasets (visualized with Simple Local Relief Model). In addition, the approach simultaneously provides both general as well as domain‐specific information, which can be used to further study legacy effects. Different versions of the methodology were fine‐tuned on data from north‐western Connecticut and subsequently tested on two different areas in Connecticut. The results show that these perform adequate, with F1‐scores ranging between 0.21 and 0.76, although additional post‐processing was needed to deal with variations in LiDAR quality. After testing, the best performing version of the prediction model (with an average F1‐score of 0.56) was applied on the entire state of Connecticut. The results show a clear overlap with the known distribution of charcoal hearths in the state, while new concentrations were found as well. This shows the usability of the approach on large‐scale datasets, even when the terrain and LiDAR quality varies.
Mechanistic Details of the Pd‐catalyzed and MPAA Ligand‐Enabled β‐C(sp3)‐H Acetoxylation of Free Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Xu Li‐Ping , Li Na , Musaev Djamaladdin G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed C−H bond oxidation of free carboxylic acid stands as an economic, selective, and efficient strategy to generate lactones, hydroxylated products, and acetoxylated products and attracts much of the chemists’ attention. Herein, we performed a density functional theory study on the mechanism and selectivity in Pd‐catalyzed and MPAA ligand‐enabled C−H bond acetoxylation reaction. It was found that the ligand, base, and substrate are important in determining the reaction mechanism and the selectivity. The acetic anhydride additive is critical in leading the reaction to be acetoxylation, instead of the lactonization, through a facile σ‐bond metathesis mechanism that leads to the Pd‐OAc in‐termediate. Our study sheds light on the further development of transition metal‐catalyzed C−H bond oxidation reactions.
Cp*Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation of Ferrocenethionamides with Aryl Boronic Acids for the Synthesis of Aryl‐Ferrocenes
Authors: Wang Yingxin , Ban Yan , Wang Bosen , Li Hao , Gong Chengwei , Wang Yan , Wang Fuqiang , Li Dianjun , Yang Jinhui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe developed a Cp*Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H arylation of ferrocenethionamides with arylboronic acids for the synthesis of aryl‐ferrocenes under mild and base‐free conditions, using Ag2CO3 as oxidant. The reaction results in high yields and excellent regioselectivity accommodating a broad scope of substrate range and functional group compatibility, and provides an alternative protocol for the generation of highly functionalized aryl‐ferrocene compounds.
Preserved navigation abilities and spatio‐temporal memory in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Laidi Charles , Neu Nathan , Watilliaux Aurélie , Martinez‐Teruel Axelle , Razafinimanana Mihoby , Boisgontier Jennifer , Hotier Sevan , d'Albis Marc‐Antoine , Delorme Richard , Amestoy Anouck , Holiga Štefan , Moal Myriam Ly‐Le , Coupé Pierrick , Leboyer Marion , Houenou Josselin , Rondi‐Reig Laure , Paradis Anne‐Lise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCerebellar abnormalities have been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Beyond its role in hallmark features of ASD, the cerebellum and its connectivity with forebrain structures also play a role in navigation. However, the current understanding of navigation abilities in ASD is equivocal, as is the impact of the disorder on the functional anatomy of the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the navigation behavior of a population of ASD and typically developing (TD) adults related to their brain anatomy as assessed by structural and functional MRI at rest. We used the Starmaze task, which permits assessing and distinguishing two complex navigation behaviors, one based on allocentric learning and the other on egocentric learning of a route with multiple decision points. Compared to TD controls, individuals with ASD showed similar exploration, learning, and strategy performance and preference. In addition, there was no difference in the structural or functional anatomy of the cerebellar circuits involved in navigation between the two groups. The findings of our work suggest that navigation abilities, spatio‐temporal memory, and their underlying circuits are preserved in individuals with ASD.
Late diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder—Journey, parents' concerns, and sex influences
Authors: Davidovitch Michael , Gazit Sivan , Patalon Tal , Leitner Yael , Rotem Ran S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite increasing awareness for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and initiating treatments early in life, many children and adolescents continue to be diagnosed at a relatively older age. Focusing on children who first received an ASD diagnosis at age six or older, this study aimed to describe the symptoms that parents reported when ASD was diagnosed, follow the patients' clinical trajectory prior to receiving the diagnosis, and describe differences in symptoms and prior diagnoses between males and females cases. We included 258 children (205 males and 53 females) who were first diagnosed with autism at age 6–18 in 2017–2018. We retrieved demographic information, neurologic and developmental symptoms, diagnoses, and medications dispensing history from the children's electronic medical charts. The data indicated that prior diagnoses of language delays and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were common among children with a late ASD diagnosis. Two thirds of the children were prescribed one or more medications to treat psychosocial and behavioral conditions before receiving a late ASD diagnosis. Difficulties in social relationships with peers were the leading reported symptoms by parents at the time of ASD diagnosis. Across these different domains, some differences were found between males and females, including a somewhat higher cognitive level in males, who were also more likely to present aggressive behavior.
Zugtragverhalten von Betonbauteilen mit getränkter Textilbewehrung aus Flachsfasern
Authors: Zecherle Katrin , Ricker Marcus , Binde Jan , Winkelmann Jana , Haxter Christina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn der letzten Zeit haben Naturfasern aufgrund ihrer umweltfreundlichen, wirtschaftlichen und mechanischen Eigenschaften bei der Verwendung als Verstärkung in Verbundwerkstoffen ein wachsendes Interesse in der Forschung geweckt. Trotz dieser Vorteile wurde das Tragverhalten von textilen Bewehrungen aus Naturfasern in Betonbauteilen bisher nicht systematisch untersucht. Die für Textilbetonbauteile entwickelten Bemessungsregeln beschränken sich deshalb auf textile Bewehrungen, die aus synthetischen Fasern hergestellt wurden. In diesem Beitrag wird das einaxiale Zugtragverhalten von Betonbauteilen mit einer Bewehrung aus Flachsfasertextilien (beschichtete Drehergewebe) untersucht. Dafür wurden Probekörper hergestellt und geprüft, wobei die Parameter der Textilien, z. B. der Schussfadenabstand, systematisch variiert wurden. Als Referenz wurden unbewehrte Dehnkörper geprüft. Die Eignung der Flachsfasertextilien als Bewehrung für einaxial auf Zug beanspruchte Betonteile zeigt sich sowohl durch eine signifikante Erhöhung der Bruchlast im Vergleich zu unbewehrten und unterbewehrten Betonbauteilen als auch durch fein verteilte Rissbilder. Die Kurven der Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Diagramme können in drei für bewehrte Dehnkörper typische Bereiche unterteilt werden (Zustand I – ungerissen, Zustand IIa – Erstrissbildung und Zustand IIb – abgeschlossenes Rissbild). Die Abgrenzung der Bereiche ist mit zunehmendem Bewehrungsgrad deutlicher.
Deep transformation models for functional outcome prediction after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Herzog Lisa , Kook Lucas , Götschi Andrea , Petermann Katrin , Hänsel Martin , Hamann Janne , Dürr Oliver , Wegener Susanne , Sick Beate 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn many medical applications, interpretable models with high prediction performance are sought. Often, those models are required to handle semistructured data like tabular and image data. We show how to apply deep transformation models (DTMs) for distributional regression that fulfill these requirements. DTMs allow the data analyst to specify (deep) neural networks for different input modalities making them applicable to various research questions. Like statistical models, DTMs can provide interpretable effect estimates while achieving the state‐of‐the‐art prediction performance of deep neural networks. In addition, the construction of ensembles of DTMs that retain model structure and interpretability allows quantifying epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty. In this study, we compare several DTMs, including baseline‐adjusted models, trained on a semistructured data set of 407 stroke patients with the aim to predict ordinal functional outcome three months after stroke. We follow statistical principles of model‐building to achieve an adequate trade‐off between interpretability and flexibility while assessing the relative importance of the involved data modalities. We evaluate the models for an ordinal and dichotomized version of the outcome as used in clinical practice. We show that both tabular clinical and brain imaging data are useful for functional outcome prediction, whereas models based on tabular data only outperform those based on imaging data only. There is no substantial evidence for improved prediction when combining both data modalities. Overall, we highlight that DTMs provide a powerful, interpretable approach to analyzing semistructured data and that they have the potential to support clinical decision‐making.
A novel 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of HSA in living cells
Authors: Mo Liuting , He Wanqi , Tang Yonghe , Liang Danlian , Yang Chan , Lin Weiying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) is an essential protein for maintaining human health. Accurate detection and quantification of HSA are of great significance for disease diagnosis and biochemical research. Here, a new HSA fluorescent probe BNPE based on the 1,8‐naphthalimide fluorophore was designed and synthesized. The probe could recognize HSA through a twisted intramolecular charge transfer mechanism, effectively avoid the interference of most substances, and realize HSA fluorescence imaging in living cells.
A laboratory experiment for science courses: Sedimentary microbial fuel cells
Authors: Pérgola Martín , Sacco Natalia J. , Bonetto M. Celina , Galagovsky Lydia , Cortón Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNowadays there is a concern to improve the quality of education by including an interdisciplinary approach of concepts and their integration in the curriculum of scientific disciplines. The development of microbial fuel cells as a potential alternative for production of renewable energies gives undergraduate students the challenge of integrating interdisciplinary concepts in a hot topic of global interest as alternative energies. We present a laboratory experiment that has been part of a third‐year undergraduate course in biology where students gained experience in assembling microbial fuel cells and the understanding of how they work. In this process, the students could integrate biological, biochemical, and electric concepts. In addition, the acquisition of manual skills and experimental design decisions are important for the development of future professionals.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety among myasthenia gravis (MG) patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nadali Javad , Ghavampour Neda , Beiranvand Farzaneh , Maleki Takhtegahi Mona , Heidari Mohammad Eghbal , Salarvand Shahin , Arabzadeh Tina , Narimani Charan Omid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveMyasthenia gravis (MG) people experience adverse psychiatric outcomes, which may impact on their life and disturb their daily activity. Depression and anxiety are identified as significant psychiatric problems that MG people face. However, there is no sufficient epidemiological information about depression and anxiety‐based publication. Due to this limitation, the aim of this study was to review the prevalence of depression and anxiety in MG patients.MethodsOriginal and international databases were searched to find papers about the estimation of anxiety and depression. Random‐effects analysis was used for calculating the proportions of anxiety and depression. For estimating anxiety and depression based the severity, instruments, type of studies, and study regions, subgroup analysis was performed.Results38 studies met inclusion criteria and entered study. The pooling of the prevalence of depression was found at 36%, (95% CI 28% to 45%). Also, prevalence of anxiety was found at 33%, (95% CI 25% to 42%). Prevalence of depression based on mild, moderate, and severe level was 27%, 14%, and 9%, respectively.ConclusionsAnxiety and depression are a major concern among MG individuals. The estimation of both anxiety and depression are high even when compared to other autoimmune diseases. It seems depression and anxiety are important issues and more attention needs to be paid to these psychiatric disorders.
The challenges of histology education
Authors: Eng‐Tat Ang , Liu Pai , R Jitesh , M Chandrika , R.L Satish , Lian Wen Quan Derrick , Huppertz Berthold , Khamuani Munesh , Minarcik John R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenerations of students have struggled to learn histology. They have found the subject extremely dry and the nomenclature very challenging. Insidiously, histology is fading from the minds of stakeholders. Unless this is rectified, it is not inconceivable that the subject will be further diluted in the medical curriculum. What contributing factors could there be? Via a survey and focus group discussions, international faculty (n = 111) were asked what the challenges in teaching histology were. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and stratified by the number of teaching years. A collaborative teaching session with a pathologist was also delivered to the YLLSoMM1 students (n = 280), who gave opinions about it. Of the international faculty, 85 (±1)% responded. Among those, 60 (±1)% felt that the pedagogy should be reformed (e.g., by gamification). Interestingly, 30 (±1)% opined that organ system histology should be moved into the clinical years. Notably, 70 (±1)% of teachers preferred to teach face to face (FTF) using either microscopes or virtual microscopy. Among the students, 71 (±1)% reported self‐teaching from online resources. Significantly, 88 (±1)% of M1 students agreed that having the pathologist co‐teach histology was beneficial. Some teachers, and most students, struggle with histology. There is a generational divide in opinions concerning how histology should be taught. The traditionalists wish to maintain the status quo while the reformists want changes. Learners want to be engaged with hybrid approaches aided by the pathologist. They also welcome more clinical context during histology lessons.
Online course recommendation algorithm based on multilevel fusion of user features and item features
Authors: Wang Zhenhai , Wang Zhiru , Xu Yuhao , Wang Xing , Tian Hongyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo meet the demand for accurate recommendation and personalized learning in online education, an online course recommendation algorithm with multilevel fusion of user features and item features is proposed for content‐based recommendation systems applied to online education courses that have weak generalization ability and cannot cope well with data sparsity. The algorithm is improved on the deep learning recommendation algorithm named Wide & Deep Learning (WDL), which is a CTR (Click‐through rate prediction) prediction algorithm. MMF (Multi‐level Fusion Feature) uses collaborative filtering to replace linear methods in the wide part of WDL, introduces feature interactions to model user representations and item representations separately, and uses ResNet (Residual Network) ideas to improve deep neural network (DNN) in the deep part to reduce the performance degradation caused by overfitting. The experimental validation was conducted on the online education data set and the public data set MovieLens‐1M, and the AUC was improved by 1.21% and 1.46%, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect brought by this improved algorithm is interpretable.
Distance to radiation therapy facility influences surgery type among older women with early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Shrestha Pratibha , Chu Quyen D. , Hsieh Mei‐Chin , Yi Yong , Peters Edward S. , Trapido Edward , Yu Qingzhao , Ferguson Tekeda , Wu Xiao‐Cheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast‐conserving surgery plus radiation (BCT) yields equivalent or better survival than mastectomy for early‐stage breast cancer (ESBC) women. However, nationwide mastectomy trends increased in recent decades, attracting studies on underlying causes. Prior research identified that long distance to the radiation treatment facility (RTF) was associated with mastectomy. Still, it is unclear whether such association applies to young and old ESBC women comparably. We sought to delineate such impacts by age.MethodsWomen diagnosed with stages 0–II breast cancer in 2013–2017 receiving either BCT or mastectomy were identified from the Louisiana Tumor Registry. We assessed the association of surgery (mastectomy vs. BCT) with the distance to the nearest or nearest accessible RTFs using multivariable logistic regression adjusting the socio‐demographic and tumor characteristics. The nearest accessible RTF was determined based on patients' health insurance. For Medicaid, uninsured, and unknown insurance patients, the nearest accessible RTF is the nearest RTF owned by the government. The interaction effect of age and distance was evaluated as well.ResultsOf 11,604 patients, 46.7% received mastectomy. Compared with distance ≤5 miles to the nearest RTF, those with distance ≥40 miles or 15–40 miles had higher odds of mastectomy (adjusted (adj) OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.82; adj OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02–1.34). To the nearest accessible RTF, the adj ORs were 1.25 (95% CI = 1.03–1.51) and 1.19 (95% CI = 1.04–1.35), respectively. Age‐stratified analysis showed the significant association (p < 0.05) only presented among women aged ≥65, but not those aged <65 years.ConclusionDistance to the nearest or nearest accessible RTF influences the surgery choice, especially among women in Louisiana ≥65 years with ESBC. Further understanding of factors leading to the decision for mastectomy in this age group is needed.
Chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Who really needs it
Authors: Qu Weiling , Wang Xuan , Qiao Qiao , Wang Yanli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe CSCO and ASCO guidelines in 2021 recommend chemotherapy for stage III–IVA (8th edition of AJCC staging) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Actually, patients with stage T3–4N0M0 are often excluded from various clinical trials of the locoregionally advanced NPC, and the survival benefit of chemotherapy in such patients has always been controversial. This study aims to explore the benefit of chemotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC, especially those with negative lymph nodes.MethodsA total of 2741 patients were extracted from the SEER database. After a 1:1 PSM analysis, 272 patients were obtained to further explore whether the addition of chemotherapy would achieve survival benefits.ResultsAfter PSM, Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.031) was higher than those receiving radiotherapy alone. Similar results were observed for cancer‐specific survival (CSS). We further stratified the patients according to lymph node status and found that the addition of chemotherapy in patients with positive lymph nodes could significantly improve 5‐year OS rates (58.08% vs. 43.95%; p = 0.025) and 5‐year CSS rates (67.42% vs. 51.95%; p = 0.015) compared with radiotherapy alone, but there was no additional benefit of chemotherapy in patients with negative lymph nodes. For all 449 cases of T3–4N0M0 NPC, radiotherapy improved the OS rates (HR 0.293, 95% CI 0.203–0.424) and the CSS rates (HR 0.252, 95% CI 0.171–0.371) compared with no radiotherapy, while chemotherapy did not show significant survival benefit compared with no chemotherapy.ConclusionOur results reveal that stage T3–4N0M0 NPC may be exempted from chemotherapy, and use radiotherapy alone to reduce toxic and side effects. These results still need to be verified by future prospective trials.