bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Adult Protective Services Outcomes: Services Associated With the Decrease of Mistreatment Differed by Elder Mistreatment Type
Authors: Liu Pi-Ju , Hass Zachary , Stratton Sara K , Conrad Karen M , Conrad Kendon J 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdult Protective Services (APS) are the frontline agencies investigating elder mistreatment and providing/coordinating postinvestigation services. Yet, their effectiveness in reducing different types of mistreatment in relation to services is unknown. This study aimed to address the knowledge gap by identifying services provided by mistreatment type, and examining the associations of services with mistreatment reduction.Research Design and MethodsA pretest–post-test design was implemented using the Identification, Services, and Outcomes (ISO) Matrix to assess mistreatment levels during case investigation and at case closure after services were provided. San Francisco and Napa APS participated in a 6-month data collection.ResultsThe 4 most prevalent types of mistreatment were examined: emotional, physical, financial abuse, and neglect by others. On average, level of mistreatment decreased across mistreatment types after APS intervention. Care/case management, mental health, and other services were most common, while specific services differed depending on type of mistreatment. Care/case management services were associated with physical and emotional abuse reduction, legal services further correlated with emotional abuse reduction; financial planning services were associated with financial abuse reduction; care/case management and other services were associated with neglect reduction.Discussion and ImplicationsThis is the first study to address APS services by mistreatment type and the outcomes of services. Adoption of the ISO Matrix by APS programs opens the possibility of research and practice collaboration in APS outcomes research using a standardized approach.
Control of

E

.

Hirtipennis

and

M

.

Persicae

on Tobacco, 1975
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamieyh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dark fire-cured tobacco ‘T-911’ was transplanted on June 6. The two Furadan treatments were applied as a broadcast and tilled to a depth of 4 to 6 inches one day prior to transplanting. All other treatments were applied using 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 20 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Spray treatments were applied on 7 or 14-day schedules for a total of 10 or 5 applications, respectively, beginning June 18. Plots were 20 ft long, 3 rows wide. Rows were spaced 42 inch apart. Plants were spaced 36 inches witfiin rows. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 4 ft alleys. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes per leaf. Counts were made on the fifth leaf of width greater than 2 inches from the top of the plant. Results in the data table are averages of bi-weekly 40-leaf counts, beginning July 1 and ending August 22. Aphid damage ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with severe necrosis of lower leaf bases). Ratings in the data table, made September 7, are averages for 52 plants. The ‘T-911’ tobacco was grown on Sango silt loam.
Poinsettia,

Erinnyis

Ello

Control, Florida, 1975
Authors: Schuster David J. , Wilfret Gary J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Dark Red Annette Hegg’, ‘White Annette Hegg’, and ‘Annette Hegg Diva’ were transplanted August 14, 1975, in 15.2 cm pots containing a sand, peat, perlife and vermiculite (2:2:1:1) soil mixture with 140 g dolo-mite, 80 g hydrated lime, 100 g Superphosphate, 257 g 14-14-14 Osmocote, and 80 g Perk added per .03 m3. Plots consisted of one plant/pot with five pots/cultivar for each of four replications in a split plot design. Pots were arranged five across in a 180 cm wide plastic trough filled with 5 cm of methyl bromide fumigated Leon fine sand and irrigated by two Via-flo tubes running the length of the trough. Treatments were applied November 7, 14, 21, 28, December 5, 12, 19, 1975, and January 2, 1976. Whole plant inspections for ello sphinx larvae were made November 11, 17, 26, and December 1. Data were combined for varieties and transformed for analysis.
Pyracantha

L

.

Kunoensis

Control Walnut Creek, California, 1973-74
Authors: Koehler C. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Park planting of pyracantha shrubs, 6 to 8 feet in height, were sprayed with compression sprayers to point of runoff in spring-summer of 1973. Peak of crawler emergence occurred about June 1. Single plant plots were used with 4 replications of all treatments in a randomized complete block design. On May 27, 1974, 5 twig samples, each about 11 inches long, were cut from each plot and females of the 1973 generation which survived the treatments were counted.
Evaluation of Several Insecticides Against Stored-Product Insects
Authors: Strong R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All test insects were reared at 26.7±1°C and 50 to 60% RH, except Trogodermavariobile Ballion reared at 29.4 to 32.2°C and 45 to 50% RH. Young adults of the Indian meal moth and the Angoumois grain moth were not more than 2 days old, the granary weevil and the confused flour beetle ranged from 1 to 14 days in the adult stage, but most specimens were 7 days old; and young, active sawtoothed grain beetles were of undetermined age. Larvae of T. variabile had passed through 4 or 5 molts. Insects were anesthetized with CO2, then placed on filter paper in the lid of a disposable petri dish before being sprayed. Insecticide solutions were made up in a 19:1 (vol/vol) acetone-olive oil solvent mixture. These were applied to insects in a Potter laboratory spray tower in a room kept at 24±1°C. Air pressure was maintained at 5 psi for the first 15 sec of the spray operation, but the 5-ml aliquots of spray solutions used for each application were delivered within 10 sec through the “rich” nozzle of the Potter apparatus. An additional 15-sec settling period was allowed before insects were removed and placed in holding containers; 6-oz waxed paper cups vented with pinholes in the bottom were used for moths, and beetles were put in small plastic cups. The test insects were maintained at 26.7±1°C and 50 to 60% RH for 24 hr before mortalities were recorded, except 48 hr for T. variabile larvae. Insects unable to stand or move about were judged to be dead. Groups of 20 specimens were sprayed in each test, and duplicate tests were made for each species. Data were pooled to calculate mean results, and corrections were made for natural mortality, although only an occasional specimen died in control samples. Three series of tests were made. The first was concerned with organophosphates and a few other organic compounds sprayed directly on insects at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 , 1.0, and 10.0 mg/ml (Table 1).
Apple Insect Control, 1975
Authors: Hall Franklin R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were evaluated for control of several fruit insect pests using four (4) Cortland apple trees/treatment. Insecticides were applied to run-off with the use of a truck-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer operating at 450-500 psi. Applications were made on May 22 (petal-fall), June 2, 17, July 1, 15, and 31. One additional cover spray was added on August 26 to all Lannate plots. Cyprex 65 WP at 0.5 lbs/100 was added to all plots (except the check) on all application dates. Apple aphid counts were made by walking around each replicate tree and counting the total number of infested terminals per tree. Infested terminals consisted of those with over 25 aphids/terminal. Fruit infestation ratings were obtained by picking (at random) 2 bushels of fruit per replicate tree (8/treatment) at normal fruit harvest dates and counting fruit injury by specific insects.
Pears, Pear Psylla Control, Hudson Valley, 1975
Authors: Weires R. W. , Smith G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were evaluated for control of pear psylla in a five year old Bartlett pear block. Plots were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates of three tree plots. Treatments were applied dilute to runoff with a handgun sprayer at 450 psi on May 29, and Juliy 11. Counts were made by sampling five spurs per plot and counting all pear psylla nymphs on each spur under a binocular scope. Pre-treatment counts were made May 27, and July 9, while post-treatment counts were made June 4 and July 15. Control was evaluated by calculating the percent reduction which occurred between pre-treatment and post-treatment counts for each material.
Pecan Nut Casebearer Control with Selected Insecticides in Hamilton Co., Texas, 1974, 1975
Authors: Harris Marvin K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each insecticide treatment was applied to a single block of about 1 hectare of native pecan trees (each 12 meters high and a canopy 12 meters in diameter) using a speed sprayer with the insecticides applied in a dilute solution sprayed to drip. The timing of applications was determined primarily by periodic examination of pecan nutlets for pecan nut casebearer (PNC) eggs and evidence of larval hatch. Environmental conditions from budbreak to the time of PNC oviposition may prolong larval hatch and thus require 2 insecticide treatments 7-10 days apart to manage the 1st summer generation. Treatment evaluations were made about 3 weeks after treatment by analyzing nut damage.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Celery
Authors: McCalley Norman F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in two separate tests following identical experimental procedures and design at Salinas, California in 1975. Plots were one bed (40 inches between centers) x 25 ft, replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Both tests were established with transplants of the cultivar ‘Tall Utah 5270’, planted two rows per bed on July 23. Sprays were applied August 29, by CO2 sprayer equipped with a hand held boom covering one bed and fitted with 6 Spraying Systems T-[et 8001 flat fan nozzles operated to deliver 60 gal/A at 60 psi. On September 3, five days after spraying, apterous aphids were counted from five plants per plot utilizing aphid shakers to separate aphids from excised plants.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Corn Earworm, European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘N & K 199’ sweet corn was planted, 10 inch spacing in 3 ft rows, on June 1, 1975. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of three 25 ft long rows with a single untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied to the ear area with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, hand-operated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 25 gal/A (40 psi), using a Spraying Systems ConeJet Y8 nozzle. Treatments were initiated just prior to first silk on July 28 and continued at 2 to 3 day intervals through August 13-8 treatments in all. On August 20, twenty-five ears from each treatment replicate were checked for earworm, European corn borer and fall armyworm injury. Earworm damaged ears were divided into 2 classes: 1) Medium - Damage to 1.5 inches from tip, ear could be clipped; and 2) Severe - Damage well beyond ear tip and of such nature that ear could not be clipped or salvaged for use. Corn borer and fall armyworm infested ears were not graded into classes but merely recorded as infested or uninfested. A measure of the overall effectiveness against the 3 pests was determined by recording the number of unmarketable ears per 25 ears examined.
Corn Earworm Control, Royal Slope, 1975
Authors: Johansen Carl , Mayer Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five chemical treatments were applied to corn ‘Jubilee’ using fixed-wing aircraft. Four applications were made at 5-day intervals beginning August 30-31, 1975 (10% silk). Plots were one acre each, replicated four times in randomized blocks. Ten days after the last application, 100 ears were sampled from the centers of each plot. Each sample was checked for number with one or more living earworms and number with earworm damage. Materials tested were also evaluated for toxicity to honey bees. They are rated by using an index of 0 to 5 where 0 has no hazard, 1 has a short residual hazard and 5 has a long residual hazard.
Control of Major Lettuce Insects in the Hudson Valley, Orange County, New York
Authors: Straub R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on ‘Iceberg type’ lettuce grown in organic muck. Plots were four rows, 40 ft long with four replications in randomized blocks. Treatments were applied through a CO2 pressurized knap-sack sprayer equipped with a four-row boom and operated at 37 psi delivering 50 gpa through one overhead nozzle/row. Applications were on July 25 and August 1, with evaluations August 5 to 8. Data were taken from the two center rows of each plot. For cabbage looper, samples consisted on 10 randomly selected heads/treatment and heads were considered infested if larvae or fresh larval feeding were observed. For green peach aphid, apterae from the three bottom leaves of 10 randomly selected heads/treatment were counted.
Lima Beans,

E.

Varivestis

Control
Authors: York Alan C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bean seed was planted using a Planet Jr in 25 foot rows on 30 inch centers on June 5, 1975 near French Liclc, Indiana. Five treatments including a check were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. Each treated row was separated from the next by an untreated row. Soil type was silt loam with fragipans, moderate to poorly drained. Insec-ticides were applied on 5 dates (June 18, June 27, July 2, July 16, July 30) with a compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons spray per acre, 40 psi. Mexican bean beetles (egg masses, larvae, and adults) were counted on 3 occasions: the first 2, entire plants were examined; on the third, 10 trifoliate leaves were examined. Plots were harvested by hand on August 14 (10 row feet per repl), shelled, and weighed.
Control of Alfalfa Looper Larvae on Pea, 1975
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
All insecticides were applied at 4.2 kg/cm2 (air pressure) and 380 l/ha through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 28 cm apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 4.4 km/hr. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Treatments were applied to 1.5 x 6 m, 8-row beds (18 cm interrow spacing). The crop was planted on April 2 and was sprinkler irrigated (2.5 cm/irrigation) weekly until June 1. Treating was begun on May 30. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 30°C during the test period. The afternoon prior to each treatment, two, 1.2 x 1.5 m sites at the ends of each bed were stocked with 2nd to 5th stage larvae from the laboratory culture to ensure populations of uniform size and stage. The percentage control obtained at harvest on June 15 was determined by cutting and examining the foliage, and the soil beneath at each site.
Potato Leafhopper and Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1975
Authors: Cancelado Rafael , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 17, at Rosemount, Minnesota. Foliar insecticidal sprays were applied July 15, July 29, August 12, August 26, and September 9, in 90 gal water/acre at 250 psi. A tractor drawn boom sprayer with drop nozzles, 3 nozzles/row, was used. Plots were 4 rows, 60 ft long, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Fungicidal sprays of Dithane M-45, Bravo, or Difolatan were applied weekly from June 20. Counts were made of the nymphs of potato leafhopper and apterae of the green peach aphid. The counts consisted of sampling 35 randomly selected, mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made 1 day prior to spraying and 1 day after spraying.
Laboratory Insecticide Screening,

L.

Canus

, Yakima, Washington, 1971
Authors: Toba H. H. , Landis B. J. , Foiles L. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
L. canus larvae were collected in the fall of 1970 from Grandview, Washington, and held at 40°F until the tests were conducted. The soil used was “river-bottom soil”, sandy loam, &lt;O.5% organic matter, sifted with 8-mesh sieve. The bioassays were conducted as follows: insecticides were mixed with air-dry soil in a Twin shell dry blender for 15 min, after which water was added to the soil (2.7% moisture), and the treated soil was placed in 0.5-pt Mason fruit jars. The dosage rates simulated broadcast treatments, and the incorporation of materials to 6 inch in depth. Two boiled wheat grains were pushed down ca. 1 inch into the soil of each jar. One wireworm was placed in each jar; if the wireworm did not borrow into the soil within 1 min, the wireworm was replaced. Regular jar lids were used, but they were not secured tightly. Each treatment consisted of 10 jars. The jars were held in a laboratory maintained at ca. 20 to 25°C. The jars were checked once weekly to determine mortality, which included any dead or moribund larvae. At the weekly checks, moisture was added to the soil as required, two new boiled wheat grains were added, and the same live larvae were replaced in the corresponding jars. Three separate tests were conducted, and the results are summarized in the table.
Control of Alfalfa Looper Larvae on Fall Spinach, 1974
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment was applied in 400 liter/ha water to four, 1.5x6 m, 4-row beds (35 cm inter-row spacing) of spinach grown on the experimental farm of Birds Eye Division, General Foods Corporation at Walla Walla, Washington. The treatments were applied 3 and 10 days prior to harvest with a Holder knapsack-mistblower sprayer. Tem-peratures during the treatment period ranged from -2 to 28 and averaged 13°C. Three days prior to each treatment, two, 1.2 x 1.5 m sites at the ends of each bed were stocked with 2-3rd stage larvae from the laboratory culture to ensure populations of uniform size and stage. The percentage control obtained at harvest on October 10 was determined by cutting and examining the foliage and the soil beneath at each site. The crop was sprinkler irrigated (2.5 cm) weekly (2 to 3 days prior to the treatments).
Insecticides as Seed Treatments for Seed Corn Maggot Control
Authors: Lange W. Harry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sugarbeet ‘USH 10B’, field dry bean ‘Red Kidney’, baby lima ‘Mezcla’, cotton ‘Acala’, large lima ‘Fordhook’ and sweet corn ‘Golden Beauty’ were treated in a rotating laboratory mixer on May 10, 1975. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications of 25 seeds, uniformly spaced and enclosed in plastic screen (324 mesh) strips. Fifty lb of fish meal was scattered evenly over the tops of buried (4 inch deep) seed strips to attract adults to the test sites to insure oviposition. In addition, 100 seeds per treatment and replication (4 replications, complete randomized block) were planted at normal planting depths relative to each crop on May 22, 1975 to record emergence. The soil was classified as Yolo Silt Loam, with a pH of 7.1 (46.8% silt, 27.1% clay, and 26.1% sand). The seed strips were dug on May 29, 1975 and inspected for numbers of maggots, extent of maggot damage and decay. A fly trap was used to time planting date. A range of 35 to 99 adults collected per trap per day indicated the test was put out at a time of peak activity. The technique of enclosing the seed in screen strips assisted in seed recovery and maggot count evaluation.
Bee Poisoning Hazard, Pullman, 1975
Authors: Johansen Carl , Mayer Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six series of tests were conducted with insecticides applied to 0.01 acre plots of alfalfa. Treatments were made with a hand sprayer, using 25 psi pressure and applying 25 gal/acre. Residual test exposures were replicated 4 times by caging 50-100 honey bees (HB), 15-30 alkali bees (AB), or 20-40 alfalfa leafcutting bees (LB) with each of 4 samples per treatment and time interval. HB were placed in petri dish cages with screen inserts, fed sugar syrup, and held at 75-78°F. AB and LB were placed in petri dish bottoms covered with screened plates, fed honey syrup, and held at 85-88°F.
Corn -

D

.

Longicornis

Control, Experimental Insecticides, 1975
Authors: Musick G. J. , Szatmari-Goodman Gary 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn, variety OYO 220, was planted at Wooster, Ohio, on several dates (see tables for exact date). Soil insecticides were applied at planting in a 7-inch band in front of the presswheel or in the seed furrow with Gandy granular insecticide boxes mounted on a 2-row John Deere corn planter. All applications were made at a ground speed of 3 mph. Plots were 1 or 2 rows wide, 40 ft long, with 2 border rows between replications that were contiguous and 25 ft alleyways between replicates that were not. Because of variation in larval population, the number of rows in a replication is usually less than 30. A randomized complete block design was used. Soil was a silt loam. Rainfall for May was near normal with June and July below normal. Soil temperatures were typical for this period. Treatments were evaluated by removing 24 root systems from each treatment and rating the rootworm damage to each root system on a scale of 1-6 (1 = no damage; 4 = 1 node of roots (or equivalent) destroyed; 6 = 3 or more nodes of roots destroyed). These ratings were made July 28 to August 5.
Comparative Performance of Corn Rootworm Soil Insecticides in Locations with Insecticidal Treatment His-Tories
Authors: Walgenbach David D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn “DeKalb XL45A” was planted in 40 inch rows with a specially adapted John Deere 4-row Flexiplanter. Granular insecticides were applied with press wheel driven Noble metering devices mounted on the planter. The granules were spread on the soil in a 7 inch band over the covered seed furrow in front of the press wheel. Covering knives were utilized for incorporation of the insecticides into the top 1/2 inch of soil. Plot locations were selected on the basis of prior insecticidal history for larval corn rootworm control. The Beresford location was treated annually with Furadan 10G from 1970-74 and with BUX Ten G from 1967 to 1969. Light to moderate root damage was observed in the field in 1974. The Alcester location was treated with Dasanit 15G in 1973 and 1974. Prior to 1973, crop rotation with soybeans was utilized for rootworm control. Apparent satisfactory control with Dasanit 15G was obtained in 1973 and poor results in 1974. The insecticidal history at the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm could not be determined because of experimental plots treated with several chemicals since 1970. Soil was classified as a clay-loam at Beresford, silty clay-loam at Alcester and silty-clay at the Southeast Experiment Station. Plots were single rows, 100 feet long with 15 foot alleys between 4 replications in randomized complete blocks. Corn was planted and treatments applied on May 9, 1975 at Beresford; May 19, at Alcester and May 9, at the Southeast Experiment Station.
Evaluation of Five Insecticides to Control A Natural Infestation of First Brood Larvae of European Corn Borer in Northeast Nebraska, 1975
Authors: Witkowski J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to center-pivot irrigated corn plots in Cedar County, Nebraska on July 10. All insecticides were applied as whorl treatments over the row. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. One row (50 ft long, 30 inch row spacing) was used for each treatment/replication. From each 50 ft treatment, one half of the row was used to determine the number of corn borer cavities and within the other half 17.4 ft of row was hand harvested and converted to bu of no 2 corn/acre. On August 11,10 corn plants from each treatment/replication were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and numbers of corn borer cavities recorded.