bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anosognosia for Hemiplegia and Falls After Stroke
Authors: Byrd Elizabeth M. , Strang Christianne E. , Qiao Xiaofei , Loan Lori , Miltner Rebecca S. , Jablonski Rita A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the association between the presence and severity of anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) and falls in stroke survivors.

Design
A prospective, correlational research design was utilized.

Methods
Primary instrumentation included demographic information and the Visual-Analogue Test for Anosognosia for motor impairment (VATA-m). Correlational and regression analyses were performed between a priori variables.

Results
There was no statistically significant relationship found between AHP and falls. An incidental finding included that clinicians erroneously charted that their patients were aware of their physical limitations 100% of the time, which indicates that there is discord between clinicians and patients regarding physical limitations.

Conclusions
Though no statistically significant relationship was found between AHP and falls, the incidental finding of dissonance between the patient and the clinician has important clinical implications.

Relevance
The relationship between AHP and stroke rehabilitation outcomes is still not understood, and incorporating part of the VATA-m into patient assessment could improve clinician understanding of patient awareness.
Treatment of Anaphylaxis After Injection of Stem Cell Exosomes With 5-Fluorouracil and Triamcinolone Acetonide
Authors: Zhuang Jun , Chen Youbai , Hu Jintian 
Published: October 2022

Using stem cell exosomes to treat alopecia is a new treatment in plastic surgery. However, there are few reports on the complications of this treatment. This study describes a method of using 5-fluorouracil combined with triamcinolone acetonide to treat allergic reactions caused by stem cell exosomes injection. The ultrasound results before treatment showed that the thickness of subcutaneous soft tissue in the forehead was 0.35 cm,the length and short diameter of left retroauricular lymph nodes were 1.11 and 0.46 cm, and the length and short diameter of right retroauricular lymph nodes were 1.10 and 0.45 cm. After treatment, the thickness of subcutaneous soft tissue in the forehead was 0.20 cm, the length and short diameter of the lymph nodes behind the left ear were 1.06 and 0.40 cm, respectively, and the length and short diameter of the lymph nodes behind the right ear were 1.06 and 0.36 cm, respectively. The results of treatment proved that this treatment had a therapeutic effect on the allergy of patients.
No Brain Signature of Prediction Error to Unattended Visual Stimuli Despite Early Brain Encoding of the Stimuli
Authors: Male Alie G. , O’Shea Robert P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrediction error is a basic component of predictive-coding theory of brain processing. According to the theory, each stage of brain processing of sensory information generates a model of the current sensory input; subsequent input is compared against the model and only if there is a mismatch, a prediction error, is further processing performed. Recently, Smout et al. [1] found that a signature of prediction error, the visual (v) mismatch negativity (MMN), for a fundamental property of visual input—its orientation—was absent without attention on the stimuli. This is remarkable because the weight of evidence for MMNs from audition and vision is that they occur without attention. To resolve this discrepancy, we conducted an experiment addressing two alternative explanations for Smout et al.’s finding: that it was from a lack of reproducibility or that participants’ visual systems did not encode the stimuli when attention was on something else.We conducted a similar experiment to Smout et al.’s. We showed 21 participants sequences of identically oriented Gabor patches, standards, and, unpredictably, otherwise identical, Gabor patches differing in orientation by ±15°, ±30°, and ±60°, deviants. To test whether participants encoded the orientation of the standards, we varied the numbers of standards preceding a deviant, allowing us to search for a decrease in activity with the number of repetitions of standards—repetition suppression. We diverted participants’ attention from the oriented stimuli with a central, letter-detection task.We reproduced Smout et al.’s finding of no vMMN without attention, strengthening their finding. We also found that our participants showed repetition suppression: they did encode the stimuli pre-attentively. We also found early processing of deviants. We discuss whether this earlier processing of deviants may be why no further processing, in the vMMN time window, occurs.
Initiation of HIV-1 Gag lattice assembly is required for cytoplasmic recognition of the viral genome packaging signal
Authors: Lei Xiao , Gonçalves-Carneiro Daniel , Zang Trinity M. , Bieniasz Paul D. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe encapsidation of HIV-1 genomic RNA into virions is enabled by the binding of the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein to the structured viral RNA packaging signal (Ψ) at the 5’ end of the viral genome. However, the subcellular location and oligomeric status of Gag during the initial Gag-Ψ encounter remains uncertain. Domains other than NC, such as capsid (CA), may therefore indirectly affect RNA recognition. To investigate the contribution of Gag domains to Ψ recognition in a cellular environment, we performed protein-protein crosslinking and protein-RNA crosslinking immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (CLIP-seq) experiments. We demonstrate that NC alone does not bind specifically to Ψ in living cells, whereas full-length Gag and a CANC subdomain bind to Ψ with high specificity. Perturbation of the Ψ RNA structure or NC zinc fingers affected CANC:Ψ binding specificity. Notably, CANC variants with substitutions that disrupt CA:CA dimer, trimer or hexamer interfaces in the immature Gag lattice also affected RNA binding, and mutants that were unable to assemble a nascent Gag lattice completely lost the ability to specific bind to Ψ. Artificially multimerized NC domains did not specifically bind Ψ. CA variants with substitutions in inositol phosphate coordinating residues that prevent CA hexamerization were also deficient in Ψ binding and second-site revertant mutants that restored CA assembly also restored specific binding to Ψ. Overall, these data indicate that the correct assembly of a nascent immature CA lattice is required for the specific interaction between Gag and Ψ in cells.
The Persistent Mortality and Heart Failure Burden of Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Martin Jack L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data on temporal trends in clinical outcomes after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) particularly beyond one year and in real world populations that include patients often excluded from randomized trials.ObjectivesWe sought to compare the temporal trends in the incidence of death and re-hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF) following anterior STEMI in a Medicare cohort of beneficiaries treated with primary PCI in 2005 (n = 1,479) with those treated in 2016 through quarter (Q) 2 of 2017 (n = 22,432).MethodsOutcomes were examined using both descriptive and regression analysis to control for differences in patient clinical characteristics over time.ResultsThe 1-year mortality rate trended higher in the late cohort (10.3 vs 8.9%, p=0.068). The 2-year mortality rate was significantly higher in the late cohort (14.5 vs 11.4%, p<0.01). The one-year re-hospitalization for CHF was lower in the late cohort (10.6 versus 16.7%, p<0.01), but the 2-year rate was unchanged (19.3 vs 20.7%, p=0.55). After adjustment for covariates with two models there were highly statistically significant increases in mortality at 1-year (2.3 – 4.1%) and 2-years (4.2 – 6.5%) in the late cohort. The unadjusted trends in re-hospitalization for CHF persisted after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsDespite prior improvements in STEMI outcomes in the reperfusion era related to the broad adoption of timely PCI, there is a persistent high mortality and CHF burden in patients with anterior STEMI. New strategies that address reperfusion injury and enhance myocardial salvage are needed.
Fast prediction in marmoset reach-to-grasp movements for dynamic prey
Authors: Shaw Luke , Wang Kuan Hong , Mitchell Jude 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPrimates have evolved sophisticated visually guided reaching behaviors for interacting with dynamic objects, such as insects during foraging(P. S. Archambault, Ferrari-Toniolo, & Battaglia-Mayer, 2011; Bicca-Marques, 1999; Ngo et al., 2022; Smith & Smith, 2013; Sustaita et al., 2013). Reaching control in dynamic natural conditions requires active prediction of the target’s future position to compensate for visuo-motor processing delays and enhance online movement adjustments(Catania, 2009; Desmurget & Grafton, 2000; Fujioka, Aihara, Sumiya, Aihara, & Hiryu, 2016; Merchant & Georgopoulos, 2006; Mischiati et al., 2015; R. Shadmehr, Smith, & Krakauer, 2010; Wolpert & Kawato, 1998). Past reaching research in non-human primates mainly focused on seated subjects engaged in repeated ballistic arm movements to either stationary targets, or targets that instantaneously change position during the movement(Philippe S. Archambault, Caminiti, & Battaglia-Mayer, 2009; Battaglia-Mayer et al., 2013; Dickey, Amit, & Hatsopoulos, 2013; Georgopoulos, Kalaska, Caminiti, & Massey, 1983; Georgopoulos, Kalaska, & Massey, 1981). However, those approaches impose task constraints that limit the natural dynamics of reaching. A recent field study in marmoset monkeys highlights predictive aspects of visually-guided reaching during insect prey capture among wild marmoset monkeys(Ngo et al., 2022). To examine the complementary dynamics of similar natural behavior within a laboratory context we developed an ecologically motivated unrestrained reach-to-grasp task involving live crickets. We used multiple high-speed video cameras to capture the movements of marmosets and crickets stereoscopically and applied machine vision algorithms for marker-free object and hand tracking. Contrary to estimates under traditional constrained reaching paradigms, we find that reaching for dynamic targets can operate at incredibly short visuo-motor delays around 80 milliseconds, rivaling the speeds that are typical of the oculomotor systems during closed-loop visual pursuit(Cloherty, Yates, Graf, DeAngelis, & Mitchell, 2020). Multivariate linear regression modeling of the kinematic relationships between the hand and cricket velocity revealed that predictions of the expected future location can compensate for visuo-motor delays during fast reaching. These results suggest a critical role of visual prediction facilitating online movement adjustments for dynamic prey.
Influence of ethnicity and consanguinity on the genetic architecture of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: insights from an understudied population
Authors: Allouba Mona , Walsh Roddy , Afify Alaa , Hosny Mohammed , Halawa Sarah , Galal Aya , Fathy Mariam , Theotokis Pantazis I. , Boraey Ahmed , Ellithy Amany , Buchan Rachel , Govind Risha , Whiffin Nicola , Anwer Shehab , ElGuindy Ahmed , Ware James S. , Barton Paul J.R. , Aguib Yasmine , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited cardiac condition characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity that could partly be explained by the variability in genetic variants contributing to disease. Accurate interpretation of these variants constitutes a major challenge for diagnosis and implementing precision medicine, especially in understudied populations. Here, we leverage ancestry-matched Egyptian patients (n=514) and deeply-phenotyped controls (n=400) to accurately define the genetic architecture of HCM. We also compare HCM variation between Egyptian and predominantly European patients to identify genetic features unique to consanguineous populations in Middle East and North Africa (MENA), which are likely to represent important contributors to disease. We report a higher prevalence of homozygous variants in Egyptian patients (4.1% vs 0.1%, p-value=2×10×7), with variants in the minor HCM genesMYL2, MYL3andCSRP3more likely to present in homozygosity than the major genes (MYH7, MYBPC3), suggesting that these variants are less penetrant in heterozygosity. Biallelic variants in the recessive HCM geneTRIM63were detected in 2.1% of patients (5-fold greater than European patients), highlighting the importance of recessive inheritance/genes in consanguineous populations. Finally, significantly fewer rare variants detected in Egyptian HCM patients could be classified as (likely) pathogenic compared to Europeans (40.8% vs. 61.6%, p-value=1.6×10×5) due to the underrepresentation of MENA populations in current HCM databases. This proportion increased to 53.8% after incorporating methods that compare variant frequencies between Egyptian patients and controls. Together, our findings demonstrate that studying consanguineous populations reveals novel insights with relevance to genetic testing and our understanding of the genetic architecture of HCM.
MS2Prop: A machine learning model that directly generatesde novopredictions of drug-likeness of natural products from unannotated MS/MS spectra
Authors: Voronov Gennady , Lightheart Rose , Frandsen Abe , Bargh Brian , Haynes Sarah E. , Spencer Elizabeth , Schoenhardt Katherine E. , Davidson Christina , Schaum Andre , Macherla Venkat R. , DeBloois Erik , Healey David , Kind Tobias , Dorrestein Pieter , Colluru Viswa , Butler Thomas , Yu Marvin S. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTMass spectrometry (MS) is a fundamental analytical tool for the study of complex molecular mixtures and in natural products drug discovery and metabolomics specifically, due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. A major challenge, however, is the lack of structurally annotated mass spectra for these applications. This deficiency is particularly acute for analyses conducted on extracts or fractions that are largely chemically undefined. This work describes the use of mass spectral data in a fundamentally different manner than structure determination; to predict properties or activities of structurally unknown compounds without the need for defined or deduced chemical structure using a machine learning (ML) model, MS2Prop. The model’s predictive accuracy and scalability is benchmarked against commonly used methods and its performance demonstrated in a natural products drug discovery setting. A new cheminformatic subdiscipline, quantitative spectra-activity relationships (QSpAR), using spectra rather than chemical structure as input, is proposed to describe this approach and to distinguish it from structure based quantitative methods.
GTF2I dosage regulates neuronal differentiation and social behavior in 7q11.23 neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Lopez-Tobon Alejandro , Shyti Reinald , Villa Carlo Emanuele , Cheroni Cristina , Fuentes-Bravo Patricio , Trattaro Sebastiano , Caporale Nicolò , Troglio Flavia , Tenderini Erika , Mihailovich Marija , Skaros Adrianos , Gibson William T. , Cuomo Alessandro , Bonaldi Tiziana , Mercurio Ciro , Varasi Mario , Osborne Lucy , Testa Giuseppe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCopy number variations at 7q11.23 cause neurodevelopmental disorders with shared and opposite manifestations. Deletion causes Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), while duplication causes 7q11.23 microduplication syndrome (7Dup). Converging evidence indicatesGTF2I, from the 7q11.23 locus, is a key mediator of the cognitive-behavioral phenotypes associated with WBS and 7Dup. Here we integrate molecular profiling of patient-derived cortical organoids (COs) and transgenic mouse models to dissect 7q11.23 disease mechanisms. Proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of COs revealed opposite dynamics of neural progenitor proliferation and transcriptional imbalances, leading to precocious excitatory neuron production in 7Dup. The accelerated excitatory neuron production in 7Dup COs could be rescued byGTF2Iknockdown. Transgenic mice withGtf2iduplication recapitulated early neuronal differentiation defects and ASD-like behaviors. Remarkably, inhibition of LSD1, a downstream effector ofGTF2I, was sufficient to rescue ASD-like phenotypes. We propose that the GTF2I-LSD1 axis constitutes a molecular pathway amenable to therapeutic intervention.
Increased public health threat of avian-origin H3N2 influenza virus during evolution in dogs
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Lyu Yanli , Wu Fan , Zhang Ying , Li Hongkui , Wang Rui , Liu Yang , Yang Xinyu , Zhou Liwei , Zhang Ming , Tong Qi , Sun Honglei , Pu Juan , Liu Jinhua , Sun Yipeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfluenza A viruses in animal reservoirs repeatedly cross species barrier to infect humans. Once an animal-borne virus with novel antigenicity acquired the efficient human to human transmissibility, it will become epidemic in the population. Dogs are the closest animal companions to humans and canine respiratory tract expresses both SAα2,3-(avian type) and α2,6-Gal (human type) receptors. However, the role of dogs in the ecology of influenza viruses is unclear. H3N2 avian influenza viruses transmitted to dogs around 2006 and have formed stable lineages. The long-term epidemic of avian-origin H3N2 virus in canine offers the best models to investigate the effect of dogs on the evolution of influenza viruses. Here, we carried out a systematic and comparative identification of the biological characteristics of H3N2 canine influenza viruses (CIVs) isolated in the worldwide over 10 years. We found that during the adaptation of H3N2 CIVs to dogs, H3N2 CIVs became to recognize the human-like SAα2,6-Gal receptor, gradually increased HA acid stability and replication ability in human airway epithelial cells, and acquired a 100% transmission rate via respiratory droplet in ferret model, which were essential hallmarks of being adapted to humans. We also identified that the frequency of substitutions related to human adaptation has gradually increased in H3N2 CIVs, and determined four cumulative molecular changes responsible for the increased airborne transmission ability in ferrets. Our results suggested that canine may serve as an intermediate for the adaptation of avian influenza virus to human. Continuous surveillance coordinated with risk assessment for CIVs is necessary.
Restricted effects of the soleC. elegansDaughterless/E homolog, HLH-2, on nervous system development
Authors: Masoudi Neda , Schnabel Ralf , Yemini Eviatar , Leyva-Díaz Eduardo , Hobert Oliver 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTAre there common mechanisms of neurogenesis used throughout an entire nervous system? Making use of the well-defined and relatively small size of the nervous system of the nematodeC. elegans, we explored to what extent canonical proneural class I/II bHLH complexes are responsible for neurogenesis throughout the entireC. elegansnervous system. Distinct, lineage-specific proneural “class II” bHLH factors are generally thought to operate via interaction with a common, “class I” bHLH subunit, encoded by Daugtherless in flies, the E (E2A, E2-2, HEB) proteins in vertebrates, andhlh-2inC. elegans. To eliminate function of all proneuronal class I/II bHLH complexes, we therefore genetically removed maternal and zygotichlh-2gene activity. We observed broad effects on neurogenesis, but still detected normal neurogenesis in many distinct neuron-producing lineages of the central and peripheral nervous system. Moreover, we find thathlh-2selectively affects some aspects of neuron differentiation while leaving others unaffected. While our studies confirm the function of proneuronal class I/II bHLH complexes in many different lineages throughout a nervous system, we conclude that their function is not universal, but rather restricted by lineage, cell type and components of differentiation programs affected.
Adaptive mesh refinement for finite element analysis of the free vibration disturbance of cylindrical shells due to circumferential micro-crack damage
Authors: Wang Yongliang , Hu Jiansong , Kennedy David , Wang Jianhui , Wu Jiali 
Published: October 2022

PurposeModerately thick circular cylindrical shells are widely used as supporting structures or storage cavities in structural engineering, rock engineering, and aerospace engineering. In practical engineering, shells often work with micro-cracks or defects. The existence of micro-crack damage may result in the disturbance of dynamic behaviours and even induce accidental dynamic disasters. The free vibration frequency and mode are important parameters for the dynamic performance and damage identification analysis. In particular, stiffness weakening of the local damage region leads to significant changes in the vibration mode, which makes it difficult for the mesh generated in the conventional finite element method to capture a high-precision solution of the local oscillation.Design/methodology/approachIn response to the above problems, this study developed an adaptive finite element method and a crack damage characterisation method for moderately thick circular cylindrical shells. By introducing the inverse power iteration method, error estimation, and mesh subdivision refinement technique for the analysis of finite element eigenvalue problems, an adaptive computation scheme was constructed for the free vibration problem of moderately thick circular cylindrical shells with circumferential crack damage.FindingsBased on typical numerical examples, the established adaptive finite element solution for the free vibration of moderately thick circular cylindrical shells demonstrated its suitability for solving the high-precision free vibration frequency and mode of cylindrical shell structures. The any order frequency and mode shape of cracked cylindrical shells under the conditions of different ring wave numbers, crack locations, crack depths, and multiple cracks were successfully solved. The influences of the location, depth, and number of cracks on the disturbance of dynamic behaviours were analysed.Originality/valueThis study can be used as a reference for the adaptive finite element solution of free vibration of moderately thick circular cylindrical shells with cracks and lays the foundation for further development of a high-performance computation method suitable for the dynamic disturbance and damage identification analysis of general cracked structures.