bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application evaluation of passive energy-saving strategies in exterior envelopes for rural traditional dwellings in northeast of Sichuan hills, China
Authors: Hou Jiawen , Zhang Tao , Liu Zu’an , Zhang Lili , Fukuda Hiroatsu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the increase of residents’ requirements for the living environment, the current indoor thermal environment cannot meet the needs of modern rural residents who live in the northeast of Sichuan, China. Passive energy-saving strategies can not only improve the thermal performance of envelopes but also create high economic benefits. Evaluating the application effect of passive energy-saving strategies for traditional dwellings can provide a guide for local residents and policy makers to select rational passive strategies. Seven energy-saving strategies are proposed based on the current local building construction and heat transfer model, and then their energy-saving potential is evaluated by using EnergyPlus and the dynamic investment payback period method. Results show that adding exterior envelope insulation and setting on-top sunspaces on the roof simultaneously can save 83.9% of building energy consumption. However, the most economic energy-saving strategy is only employing exterior envelope insulation for local traditional dwellings when considering the economy. It can save 842 CNY/m2 during 100 years and its dynamic investment payback period is 14.1 years. In addition, building orientation also affects the energy-saving effects and the energy-saving rate can be increased by 8.4% under the optimal orientation (facing south) compared with the worst orientation (facing west).
Short-Term COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Endoscopy Delays Did Not Translate to Deleterious Outcomes for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chambers Jason , Malhi Gurpreet , Mikail Maria , Khanna Reena , Wilson Aze 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires frequent endoscopic assessment. It is unknown if measures put in place to reduce the spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, including the delay of non-urgent patient assessments, resulted in deleterious outcomes for patients with IBD. Therefore, we aimed to determine if delays in endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with an increased risk of adverse IBD outcomes (emergency room, ER presentation, hospitalization, surgery, or escalation of drug therapy).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with IBD scheduled for outpatient endoscopies between March and August 2019 and 2020 at two tertiary care centers affiliated with Western University, London, Canada. Data pertaining to endoscopy timing, IBD drug prescription, ER attendance, hospitalization, and surgery were collected.

Results
A total of 1160 endoscopies (2019, n = 718; 2020, n = 442) occurred during the study periods in 669 (2019) and 414 (2020) patients with IBD, respectively. More endoscopies were delayed in 2020 than 2019 (26.7% vs. 9.7%, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001). Endoscopy delay was not associated with an increased risk of an adverse IBD outcome (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 0.89–1.34, P = 0.20). Fewer adverse IBD outcomes were seen in the 2020 cohort who had endoscopy delays (n = 33/115, 28.7%) versus those without delay (n = 176/299, 58.9%, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
More endoscopy delays occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, delays in general were not associated with adverse IBD outcomes, and in particular, endoscopy delays during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with fewer deleterious IBD outcomes, suggesting that patients with IBD in need of urgent endoscopy were appropriately identified.
A Risky Bet: Climate Change and the EU’s Microprudential Framework for Banks
Authors: Smoleńska Agnieszka , van 't Klooster Jens 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Banking regulation and supervision have a key role to play in realizing the EU’s climate change objectives. In this article, we analyse the EU-level initiatives currently underway to decarbonize the banking system, in particular with regard to the microprudential rulebook. We document how regulators work hard to fit climate policy into the existing objectives of the microprudential framework. We also assess whether these efforts are likely to be successful by sketching two ways forward, which involve their own distinct hazards. The first is a ‘Deferential Transition’, which sees policymakers rely on banks and external rating providers to develop adequate internal risk management procedures while taking a largely agnostic approach as to what methodologies are appropriate. If this is the way forward, we see a number of risks: banks have a clear incentive to downplay risk, while large financial institutions gain a significant advantage and the division of responsibility between banks and supervisors becomes blurred. We also outline the scenario of a ‘Guided Transition’, in which regulators provide fine-grained guidance on the future that banks should anticipate. Although we broadly think this approach is the more effective route to greening EU banking, we also see challenges of an entirely different sort: regulators will unavoidably face political choices and EU lawmakers will need to consider issues of legality, legitimacy, and accountability. In this regard, we argue, the EU faces a risky bet.
Jewishness, antiquity and civilization
Authors: Stammers Tom 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Alfred Mond (1868–1930), 1st Baron Melchett, was a towering figure in early twentieth-century politics and economics, but his significance as an art collector has never been acknowledged. Like his brother, Robert, he has been overshadowed by the stature of his father, Ludwig Mond, with whose collections both were intimately involved. This essay uses the evidence of Alfred Mond’s collections of paintings, sculptures and antiquities to consider his relationship to his German cultural heritage, as well as his evolving understanding of his Jewishness. It seeks to reclaim Mond’s significance as a patron and lover of the arts in both a public and a private capacity.
Mitochondrial Diversity of the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Misbah Suzana , Low Van Lun , Mohd Rahim Nurul Farhana , Jaba Rizzuaeammie , Basari Norasmah , Ya’cob Zubaidah , Abu Bakar Sazaly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aedes albopictus is one of the main mosquito vectors responsible for transmitting arboviruses to humans and animals. The ability of this mosquito to support virus transmission has been linked to vector competence, which is partly attributed to the genetic disparities in Ae. albopictus population. At present, little is known about the biologically important traits of Ae. albopictus in Malaysia. Thus, the study aims to determine the genetic variation of Ae. albopictus based on the mitochondria-encoded sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A statistical parsimony network of 253 taxa aligned as 321 characters of the COI gene revealed 42 haplotypes (H1–H42), of which H1 was the most widespread haplotype in Peninsular Malaysia. Three highly divergent haplotypes (H21, H30, and H31) were detected from the northern population. Overall, haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.576 and 0.003, respectively, with low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.039) and high gene flow (Nm = 12.21) across all populations.
Activating the “Big Man”: Social Status, Patronage Networks, and Pro-Social Behavior in African Bureaucracies
Authors: Harris Adam S , Meyer-Sahling Jan-Hinrik , Mikkelsen Kim Sass , Schuster Christian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPublic service delivery by African states is often characterized as particularist, favoring ethnic, personal or political networks of those inside the state over universalist, pro-social services to citizens. One explanation for particularist service delivery focuses on societal patronage norms, with “Big Men” providing for members of their networks. Despite the prominence of this line of reasoning and the anecdotal prevalence of “Big Men” in politics and society, hardly any research has quantitatively assessed the effects of “big man” governance inside the state. Through a behavioral experiment with over 1,300 Ugandan bureaucrats, our article seeks to address this gap. In the experiment, we find that activating social status—that is, “big man” status—in bureaucrats embedded in patronage networks significantly curbs their pro-social behavior. Our article contributes an important empirical micro-foundation to help explain one cause of limited universal service delivery by bureaucrats.
William Morris, News from Nowhere, and the Hammersmith Bridge: Visual Encounters
Authors: Pearson Richard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article discusses a central symbol in William Morris’ News from Nowhere (1890): that of the ‘bridge’. I argue that Morris’ use of the Hammersmith Suspension Bridge as a ‘gateway’ to his imagined journey up the river Thames to Lechlade was stimulated by the alterations and rebuilding work carried out on the bridge in the 1880s. The article traces the debates and developments surrounding the bridge during the period when Morris had moved into his Hammersmith house (Guest’s lodgings at the start of the novel), which enjoyed a view of the bridge from its windows. In response to the industrial bridge architecture of the nineteenth century, Morris describes a future where the bridges of the Thames have returned to something like the medieval models he espouses. The article follows the route of Guest’s Thames boat journey in Nowhere, describing the contemporary bridges Morris mentions in the text, and considering aspects of the transformation or disappearance of these in Nowhere. As Guest reaches the Upper Thames, his future world and the present day merge in the descriptions of the medieval bridges that survive in both his own day and the utopian future, providing an ironic condemnation of the capitalist Victorian architecture and an oblique argument for conservation concerns. The metaphor of the ‘bridge’ becomes crucial to his political position, bridging his medieval idealism to his modern socialism. The essay provides an image gallery of the bridges in the novel.
Mesophyll conductance is unaffected by expression of Arabidopsis PIP1 aquaporins in the plasmalemma of Nicotiana
Authors: Clarke Victoria C , De Rosa Annamaria , Massey Baxter , George Aleu Mani , Evans John R , von Caemmerer Susanne , Groszmann Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In plants with C3 photosynthesis, increasing the diffusion conductance for CO2 from the substomatal cavity to chloroplast stroma (mesophyll conductance) can improve the efficiencies of both CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic water use. In the diffusion pathway from substomatal cavity to chloroplast stroma, the plasmalemma and chloroplast envelope membranes impose a considerable barrier to CO2 diffusion, limiting photosynthetic efficiency. In an attempt to improve membrane permeability to CO2, and increase photosynthesis in tobacco, we generated transgenic lines in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petite Havana carrying either the Arabidopsis PIP1;2 (AtPIP1;2) or PIP1;4 (AtPIP1;4) gene driven by the constitutive dual 2x35S CMV promoter. From a collection of independent T0 transgenics, two T2 lines from each gene were characterized, with western blots confirming increased total aquaporin protein abundance in the AtPIP1;2 tobacco lines. Transient expression of AtPIP1;2-mGFP6 and AtPIP1;4-mGFP6 fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana identified that both AtPIP1;2 and AtPIP1;4 localize to the plasmalemma. Despite achieving ectopic production and correct localization, gas exchange measurements combined with carbon isotope discrimination measurements detected no increase in mesophyll conductance or CO2 assimilation rate in the tobacco lines expressing AtPIP. We discuss the complexities associated with trying to enhance gm through modified aquaporin activity.
The detectability of nightside city lights on exoplanets
Authors: Beatty Thomas G 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Next-generation missions designed to detect biosignatures on exoplanets will also be capable of placing constraints on technosignatures (evidence for technological life) on these same worlds. Here, I estimate the detectability of nightside city lights on habitable, Earth-like, exoplanets around nearby stars using direct-imaging observations from the proposed LUVOIR and HabEx observatories, assuming these lights come from high-pressure sodium lamps. I consider how the detectability scales with urbanization fraction: from Earth’s value of 0.05 per cent, up to the limiting case of an ecumenopolis – or planet-wide city. Though an Earth analogue would not be detectable by LUVOIR or HabEx, planets around M-dwarfs close to the Sun would show detectable signals at $3\, \sigma$ from city lights, using 300 h of observing time, for urbanization levels of 0.4–3 per cent, while city lights on planets around nearby Sun-like stars would be detectable at urbanization levels of ${\gtrsim}10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The known planet Proxima b is a particularly compelling target for LUVOIR A observations, which would be able to detect city lights 12 times that of Earth in 300 h, an urbanization level that is expected to occur on Earth around the mid-22nd century. An ecumenopolis, or planet-wide city, would be detectable around roughly 30–50 nearby stars by both LUVOIR and HabEx, and a survey of these systems would place a $1\, \sigma$ upper limit of ${\lesssim}2$ to ${\lesssim}4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and a $3\, \sigma$ upper limit ${\lesssim}10$ to ${\lesssim}15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, on the frequency of ecumenopolis planets in the Solar neighbourhood assuming no detections.
Deep learning methods for obtaining photometric redshift estimations from images
Authors: Henghes Ben , Thiyagalingam Jeyan , Pettitt Connor , Hey Tony , Lahav Ofer 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Knowing the redshift of galaxies is one of the first requirements of many cosmological experiments, and as it is impossible to perform spectroscopy for every galaxy being observed, photometric redshift (photo-z) estimations are still of particular interest. Here, we investigate different deep learning methods for obtaining photo-z estimates directly from images, comparing these with ‘traditional’ machine learning algorithms which make use of magnitudes retrieved through photometry. As well as testing a convolutional neural network (CNN) and inception-module CNN, we introduce a novel mixed-input model that allows for both images and magnitude data to be used in the same model as a way of further improving the estimated redshifts. We also perform benchmarking as a way of demonstrating the performance and scalability of the different algorithms. The data used in the study comes entirely from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) from which 1 million galaxies were used, each having 5-filtre (ugriz) images with complete photometry and a spectroscopic redshift which was taken as the ground truth. The mixed-input inception CNN achieved a mean squared error (MSE) =0.009, which was a significant improvement ($30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) over the traditional random forest (RF), and the model performed even better at lower redshifts achieving a MSE = 0.0007 (a $50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ improvement over the RF) in the range of z &lt; 0.3. This method could be hugely beneficial to upcoming surveys, such as Euclid and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), which will require vast numbers of photo-z estimates produced as quickly and accurately as possible.
Identification, mass, and age of primary red clump stars from spectral features derived with the LAMOST DR7
Authors: He Xu-Jiang , Luo A-Li , Chen Yu-Qin 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Although red clump (RC) stars are easy to identify due to their stability of luminosity and colour, about 20–50 per cent are actually red giant branch (RGB) stars in the same location on the HR diagram. In this paper, a sample of 210 504 spectra for 184 318 primary RC (PRC) stars from the LAMOST DR7 is identified, which has a purity of higher than 90 per cent. The RC and the RGB stars are successfully distinguished through LAMOST spectra (R ∼ 1800 and signal-to-noise ratio &gt;10) by adopting the XGBoost ensemble learning algorithm, and the secondary RC stars are also removed. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value is used to explain the top features that the XGBoost model selected. The features are around Fe5270, MgH & Mg Ib, Fe4957, Fe4207, Cr5208, and CN, which can successfully distinguish RGB and RC stars. The XGBoost is also used to estimate the ages and masses of PRC stars by training their spectra with Kepler labelled asteroseismic parameters. The uncertainties of mass and age are 13 and 31 per cent, respectively. Verifying the feature attribution model, we find that the age-sensitive element XGBoost is consistent with the literature. Distance of the PRC stars is derived by KS absolute magnitude calibrated by Gaia EDR3, which has an uncertainty of about 6 per cent and shows the stars mainly located at the Galactic disc. We also test the XGBoost with R ∼ 250, which is the resolution of the Chinese Space Station Telescope under construction; it is still capable of finding sensitive features to distinguish RC and RGB.
VETTAM: a scheme for radiation hydrodynamics with adaptive mesh refinement using the variable Eddington tensor method
Authors: Menon Shyam H , Federrath Christoph , Krumholz Mark R , Kuiper Rolf , Wibking Benjamin D , Jung Manuel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present Variable Eddington Tensor (VET)-closed Transport on Adaptive Meshes (VETTAM), a new algorithm to solve the equations of radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) with support for adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) in a frequency-integrated, two-moment formulation. The method is based on a non-local VET closure computed with a hybrid characteristics scheme for ray tracing. We use a Godunov method for the hyperbolic transport of radiation with an implicit backwards-Euler temporal update to avoid the explicit time-step constraint imposed by the light-crossing time, and a fixed-point Picard iteration scheme to handle the nonlinear gas-radiation exchange term, with the two implicit update stages jointly iterated to convergence. We also develop a modified wave-speed correction method for AMR, which we find to be crucial for obtaining accurate results in the diffusion regime. We demonstrate the robustness of our scheme with a suite of pure radiation and RHD tests, and show that it successfully captures the streaming, static diffusion, and dynamic diffusion regimes and the spatial transitions between them, casts sharp shadows, and yields accurate results for rates of momentum and energy exchange between radiation and gas. A comparison between different closures for the radiation moment equations, with the Eddington approximation (0th-moment closure) and the M1 approximation (1st-moment closure), demonstrates the advantages of the VET method (2nd-moment closure) over the simpler closure schemes. VETTAM has been coupled to the AMR FLASH (magneto-)hydrodynamics code and we summarize by reporting performance features and bottlenecks of our implementation.
Evolutionary map of the Universe (EMU): 18-cm OH-maser discovery in ASKAP continuum images of the SCORPIO field
Authors: Ingallinera A , Cavallaro F , Loru S , Marvil J , Umana G , Trigilio C , Breen S , Bordiu C , Buemi C S , Bufano F , Collier J , Etoka S , Filipović M D , Goldman S R , Hopkins A M , Koribalski B S , Leto P , Norris R P , Riggi S , Schillirò F , Tremblay C , van Loon J Th 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Low- and intermediate-mass stars end their life dispersing their outer layers into the circumstellar medium, during the asymptotic and post-asymptotic giant branch phases. OH masers at 18 cm offer an effective way to probe their circumstellar environment. In this work, we present the discovery of seven OH maser sources likely associated with such evolved stars from the visual inspection of Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) continuum images. These seven sources do not emit real continuum emission, but the high sensitivity of our images allows us to detect their maser emission, resembling continuum sources. To confirm their nature, we carried out spectral-line observations with ATCA. All the sources showed the double-peaked spectra at 1612 MHz, typical of evolved stars. The detection of maser emission in continuum images can be a complementary and easy-to-use method to discover new maser sources with the large-area deep surveys conducted with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursors. The implication for radio stars studies are remarkable since pure OH maser sources (i.e. with no continuum associated) represent, at a sensitivity of $100\,\mu \mathrm{Jy\,beam}^{-1}$, about 4 per cent of all Galactic sources and by far the most numerous stellar population.
Interspecific competition among terrestrial slugs
Authors: Watz Johan , Nyqvist Daniel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Interspecific competition among terrestrial gastropods has previously been considered to have little effect on population dynamics and local distribution. Recent studies, however, demonstrate several cases in which interspecific competition plays a major role in structuring terrestrial gastropod communities. To explore the general importance of interspecific competition for the ecology of slugs, we conducted a semi-systematic literature review, synthesizing available peer-reviewed literature relating interspecific interactions to the following: (1) mortality and reproduction; (2) activity, movement, feeding and growth; and (3) habitat use and geographical distribution of slugs. To support the literature on slugs, we also reviewed literature on terrestrial snails. The body of available literature is relatively limited, but the effect of interspecific competition on survival, reproduction, movement and activity has clearly been demonstrated in laboratory experiments for different slug species. The occurrence of interspecific competition seems, however, to be species specific, and no negative effects due to the presence of heterospecifics have been reported for many of the species combinations investigated to date. Most of the studies demonstrating interspecific effects between slug species involved interference from a few aggressive species (mainly Limax maximus as the aggressor). In addition, several correlative studies have indicated that in terrestrial gastropods, habitat use and geographical distribution might be mediated by interspecific competition. Further, well-designed experiments are needed to explore the general importance of interspecific competition among slugs, potentially with a focus on interactions between invasive and native species, where the lack of a shared evolutionary history and niche separation may increase the intensity of competition. Such experimental studies may produce information that has implications for the conservation of native species, as well as for management of invasive pests, because interspecific competition may result in local extinction of vulnerable species and influence the possibility of non-native species establishing invasive populations in new areas.