bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence and clinical anatomical education: Promises and perils
Authors: Lazarus Michelle D. , Truong Mandy , Douglas Peter , Selwyn Neil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnatomy educators are often at the forefront of adopting innovative and advanced technologies for teaching, such as artificial intelligence (AI). While AI offers potential new opportunities for anatomical education, hard lessons learned from the deployment of AI tools in other domains (e.g., criminal justice, healthcare, and finance) suggest that these opportunities are likely to be tempered by disadvantages for at least some learners and within certain educational contexts. From the perspectives of an anatomy educator, public health researcher, medical ethicist, and an educational technology expert, this article examines five tensions between the promises and the perils of integrating AI into anatomy education. These tensions highlight the ways in which AI is currently ill‐suited for incorporating the uncertainties intrinsic to anatomy education in the areas of (1) human variations, (2) healthcare practice, (3) diversity and social justice, (4) student support, and (5) student learning. Practical recommendations for a considered approach to working alongside AI in the contemporary (and future) anatomy education learning environment are provided, including enhanced transparency about how AI is integrated, AI developer diversity, inclusion of uncertainty and anatomical variations within deployed AI, provisions made for educator awareness of AI benefits and limitations, building in curricular “AI‐free” time, and engaging AI to extend human capacities. These recommendations serve as a guiding framework for how the clinical anatomy discipline, and anatomy educators, can work alongside AI, and develop a more nuanced and considered approach to the role of AI in healthcare education.
Developing Rhodococcus opacus and Sphingobium sp. coculture systems for valorization of lignin‐derived dimers
Authors: Cai Chenggu , Xu Zhaoxian , Li Jie , Zhou Huarong , Jin Mingjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBioconversion is being regarded as a promising way for lignin valorization because it enables funneling diverse lignin components into single compounds, overcoming the heterogeneity of lignin. Although numerous lignin‐derived aromatic monomers have been funneled to target compounds in previous studies, the bioconversion of low‐molecular‐weight lignin (LMW‐lignin) fragments, for example, lignin‐derived dimers, has been rarely systematically studied, impeding further conversion of lignin. In this study, coculture systems were designed and developed to funnel multiple lignin‐derived dimers to cis, cis‐muconate and gallate by combining lignin‐derived dimers cleavage bacterium Sphingobium sp. and monomers conversion bacterium Rhodococcus opacus. With the developed coculture systems, β‐O‐4 type dimer guaiacylglycerol‐β‐guaiacyl ether, 4‐O‐5 type dimer 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenyl ether, β‐5 type dimer balanophonin, β‐β type dimer pinoresinol, β‐1 type dimer 1,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphehyl)‐1,3‐propanediol and 5‐5 type dimer 5,5′‐dehydrodivanillate were converted to cis, cis‐muconate. Additionally, the developed coculture systems also showed potential in conversion of lignin‐derived dimers to gallate. The application of alkali lignin for cis, cis‐muconate production further demonstrated the effectiveness of the designed coculture systems. Overall, the developed coculture systems are beneficial to lignin biological valorization, and also provide references for the valorization of other bio‐resources.
Development of a kinetic model and figures of merit for formaldehyde carboligations catalyzed by formolase enzymes
Authors: Massad Nadim , Banta Scott 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in the upgrading of inexpensive and abundant C1 feedstocks to higher carbon products. Linear carbon ligation routes are of particular interest due to their simplicity and potential for high carbon efficiencies. The formolase (FLS) enzyme was computationally designed to catalyze the formose reaction, where formaldehyde molecules are coupled to produce a mixture of C2 (glycolaldehyde) and C3 (dihydroxyacetone) molecules. Recent protein engineering efforts have resulted in the introduction of several FLS variants with altered catalytic properties. As is often the case with enzymes catalyzing reactions with complex and/or nonnatural trajectories, there are no mechanistic kinetic models that fully describe the activity of the FLS enzyme. FLS variants are typically evaluated by fitting rate data to empirical rate laws, with some variation of the kcat/KM ratio used to report and rank performances. The apparent parameters estimated in this manner are unlikely to capture the full catalytic performance of these enzymes. In this study, we derive a mechanistic rate law describing FLS activity as well as theory‐based figures of merit to rank FLS performance under relevant conditions. We proceed to fit the rate equation to initial rate data obtained from several FLS mutants, and use the figures of merit to compare the mutations. This study provides a theoretical framework for comparing FLS enzymes which will be essential as novel carbon ligation pathways are devised and implemented.
Should we be paying more attention to firearm threats in ex‐partner stalking cases?
Authors: Logan TK , Landhuis Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study examined relationship abuse, firearm threats, and threat credibility factors as well as help‐seeking for (ex)partner‐stalking victims with partners who did (n = 153) and did not own guns (n = 263). Victims with (ex)partners who owned guns experienced increased coercive control and physical violence, a longer duration of stalking, and more threats during the relationship and during the course of stalking. Victims reported that (ex)partner gun owners had more extremist beliefs and other risk factors, and more of them believed their (ex)partner was extremely capable of harming them. Most, regardless of partner gun ownership, turned to informal sources of help, while about one‐quarter of victims whose partners did not own guns tried to obtain a protective order or talked to police, compared to about 40% of stalking victims with abusers who owned guns. Fear of harm from guns, coercive control during the relationship, and believing their partner was capable of harming harm them were all associated with an increased number of help‐seeking sources whereas being threatened with a firearm and abuser gun ownership were not.
Clinical implication and immunological landscape analyses of ANLN in pan‐cancer: A new target for cancer research
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wei Yong , He Yan , Wang Xiaping , Huang Zebo , Sun Libing , Chen Jie , Zhu Qingyi , Zhou Xin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnillin is a F‐actin binding protein (ANLN) mainly involved in the process of cytokinesis and known to be dysregulated in diverse cancers. However, the role of ANLN in pan‐cancer prognosis and tumor immunity remains unclear.MethodsGene expression profiles of 31 solid tumors were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. ANLN mRNA and protein expression were quantified using quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protein expression of ANLN was further confirmed in Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were utilized to assess the prognostic value of ANLN in pan‐cancer. The correlation between ANLN and different immune gene markers and infiltration cells was analyzed via ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT. A BLCA immunotherapy cohort: IMvigor (210) was used to confirm the role of ANLN in immune response.ResultsANLN upregulation was detected in 21 types of cancers and was associated with poor overall survival (OS), disease‐free interval (DFI), and progression‐free interval (PFI) in most cancers except in THYM (Thymoma). Additionally, correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive association between ANLN expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune cells infiltration. and immune checkpoint genes in various cancers. The BLCA immunotherapy cohort confirmed that patients with higher ANLN level had better immune responses and longer OS.ConclusionANLN may serve as a prognostic biomarker for pan‐cancer. ANLN upregulation is associated with higher TMB, MSI, and immune cell infiltration in multiple types of tumors, shedding new light for cancer treatment.
Psychological and overall well‐being of Italian young adults in transition to adulthood: Evidence from a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods study
Authors: Di Napoli Immacolata , Di Martino Salvatore , Agueli Barbara , Arcidiacono Caterina , Esposito Ciro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransitioning to adulthood is a fundamental yet challenging phase in human development. Despite its relevance, the literature has paid little attention to the impact that transitioning to adulthood has on multiple aspects of individual well‐being. This is one of the few attempts that has employed a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods study to explore how the path to adulthood impacted on the psychological and overall well‐being of Italian young adults. In the quantitative phase, we employed two‐step cluster analysis to assign 45 young adults, who had completed the Italian I COPPE scale of multidimensional well‐being, to three clusters based on their level of change in psychological and overall well‐being. Results from mixed design ANCOVA revealed that participants belonging to the high change cluster showed the highest significant positive change over time with respect to well‐being. In the qualitative phase, 17 individuals took part in focalized narrative interviews, which aimed at exploring significant events, barriers, and facilitators, which had impacted on their well‐being during the transition to adulthood. The textual material was analysed through the Grounded Theory Methodology. It emerged that the state of transition was associated with some triggering events and a temporary negative impact on the interviewees' well‐being. However, findings also revealed that people assigned to different clusters had put in place or learned several resources, skills, and copying strategies, which led to different transitional and well‐being outcomes.
MYH9 is a novel cancer stem cell marker and prognostic indicator in esophageal cancer that promotes oncogenesis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis
Authors: Kai Jin‐Dan , Cheng Liang‐Hao , Li Bin‐Feng , Kang Kai , Xiong Fei , Fu Jing‐Chun , Wang Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMYH9 encodes the heavy chain of nonmuscle myosin IIA, a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic myosin that regulates the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, cell polarization, and signal transduction in cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of MYH9 in cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated with esophageal cancer (EC). The subcellular localization of MYH9 was investigated in SKGT‐4 cells through immunofluorescent analysis. MYH9+ and MYH9− spheroid cells were derived from SKGT‐4 cells by flow cytometry and compared for self‐renewal capacity, tumorigenicity, CD133 positivity, cisplatin resistance, and phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) activity. MYH9 messenger RNA expression was assessed in 30 EC patients by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to explore the influence of MYH9 on EC survival. MYH9 localized to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of SKGT‐4 cells. Spheroid cells displayed higher MYH9 expression and positivity compared to parental SKGT‐4 cells. MYH9+ cells showed strong CSC characteristics, including in vivo tumorigenicity, migration, invasion, cisplatin resistance, and CD133+ positivity. MYH9 activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in CSCs and was upregulated in EC patients with poor survival. Collectively, these data show that MYH9 significantly promotes tumorigenesis by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in EC. MYH9 expression remarkably correlates with poor prognosis and represents a novel biomarker and drug target for the diagnosis and treatment of EC.
Zone 0 thoracic endovascular aortic repair in high risk patients: A retrospective case series
Authors: Yen Yu‐Tong , Chen Yen‐Yang , Kao Patrick Hung‐Ju , Lin Chia‐Hsun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo report our experience applying endovascular stent graft repair to treat ascending aortic diseases in high‐risk patients and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this approach. Patients with comorbid conditions or older age are not suitable for open procedures but may be considered suitable for ascending endovascular repair. Eleven high‐risk patients received zone 0 thoracic endovascular aortic repair from September 2014 to May 2020. All patients were followed up until death or December 2021. Primary outcomes were in‐hospital and long‐term all‐cause mortality as well as in‐hospital and long‐term aorta‐related mortality. The mean follow‐up duration of all patients was 35.78 months. The cohort comprised of three pathology subgroups: penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) (n =6), acute dissection (AD) (n = 3), and chronic dissecting aneurysm (CDA) (n = 2). The in‐hospital all‐cause mortality rates were 0%, 33.33% and 0% for PAU, AD, and CDA groups, respectively. Long‐term all‐cause mortality were 33.33%, 33.33%, and 50% for PAU, AD, and CDA groups, respectively. There was only one in‐hospital death related to acute aortic dissection, and no long‐term aorta‐related deaths occurred during the study period. During the follow‐up time, the majority of patients had good remodeling of ascending aorta, slow progression in cases with endoleak, and no aorta‐related mortality. Ascending endovascular aortic repair appears to be a safe and feasible procedure for emergent aortic repair in carefully selected patients with prohibitive surgical risk who are not candidates for open procedures.
The effect of continuous cooking on the properties of spaghetti and its cooking water
Authors: Diamante Giulia , Deleu Lomme J. , Turrin Daniele , Anese Monica , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn catering environments, subsequent batches of pasta are cooked in the same water to save water and energy. This results in formation of a foam layer made up by solids leached from the pasta. Here, the effect of cooking up to 13 subsequent batches on spaghetti cooking and foaming of the cooking water was investigated. Cooking at acidic pH was also studied for a single batch.FindingsWater uptake by dry spaghetti decreases with batch number. The increasingly lower mobility in the network of swollen starch and polymerized protein network reduces the extent to which albumins and globulins are leached out. Evidently, the solid content in the cooking water increases with batch number while its pH drops. Separation of pasta fragments from the cooking water does not significantly affect (p > 0.05) the foam stability.Significance and NoveltyThis study provides additional insights in the composition and foaming properties during the continuous cooking process of pasta.
Distributed strain measurements in thin expansive concrete slabs with biaxial textile reinforcement
Authors: Zdanowicz Katarzyna , Beckmann Birgit , Marx Steffen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to analyze the shrinkage and expansion strain development in thin slabs made of expansive concrete and reinforced with carbon textile reinforcement. The symmetrical textile reinforcement grid provided a biaxial restraint for the concrete shrinkage and expansion. Strains of the slabs were measured with distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) in both directions so that a 2D visualization of their distribution can be presented and analyzed. Parallel, standard restrained expansion tests (RET) were conducted to assess the expansive concrete mixture and large‐scale beam specimens with uniaxial steel reinforcement were also equipped with DFOS and analyzed. This study aimed to compare the strains in uniaxially restrained elements with steel reinforcement and biaxially restrained textile reinforced concrete elements, in order to assess to what extent the results of the standard RET can be used for evaluation of textile reinforced concrete members.
Comparison of efficacy and safety between VKAs and DOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yan Jie , Liu Ming , Zhang Yu , Yang Danning , An Fengshuang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have proven to be the best option for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Nevertheless, evidence for the use of DOACs for anticoagulation in valvular atrial fibrillation, particularly after aortic valve replacement, remains inadequate. Thus, we conducted a meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and DOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We conducted a comprehensive search of online databases, and 11 studies were included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included stroke and cardiovascular death. The safe endpoint is major and/or life‐threatening bleeding. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the different follow‐up time of each study. Random‐effects models were used for all outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using χ2 tests and quantified using I2 statistics. Patients in the DOACs group had a significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality compared with patients in the VKAs group (relative risk [RR]: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.43, p = .04). This benefit may be greater with longer follow‐up. In a subgroup analysis based on the length of follow‐up, a significantly lower risk of all‐cause mortality was found in the DOACs group in the subgroup with a follow‐up time of >12 months (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.07–2.09, p = .001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in cardiovascular death, stroke, and major and/or life‐threatening bleeding. For patients with atrial fibrillation after TAVR, the use of DOACs may be superior to VKAs, and the benefit may be greater with longer follow‐up. The anticoagulant strategy for atrial fibrillation after TAVR is a valuable direction for future research.
Hybrid adaptive MAC scheme for the broadcast of vehicular safety beacons
Authors: Amira Benaidja 
Published: August 2022

SummaryVehicular safety applications are based on broadcasting periodic safety beacons on the IEE802.11p control channel. The CSMA MAC scheme adopted in the IEE802.11p cannot ensure the strict timeline and the high reliability when broadcasting these real time and critical messages since it does not consider the high mobility of vehicles, the limited network resources, and the variant traffic densities. Therefore, the design of an effective MAC scheme that takes in consideration these parameters represents a challenging task. Furthermore, the fixed beaconing rate results an overload on the commination channel and collisions especially in dense situations that delay beacons broadcast. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid MAC scheme for fast and reliable broadcast of safety beacons. At first, it relies on a time slot reuse policy that considers the mobility features of vehicles while reducing transmission collisions. In addition, it adapts mathematically the beaconing rate to the traffic density based on vehicular velocity at the aim of optimizing the performance of the wireless channel. Simulation results show that our proposal outperforms significantly the IEEE802.11p CSMA MAC scheme and upgrades the performance of vehicular networks in broadcasting periodic safety beacons.
Disentangling the effects of biomass and productivity in plant competition
Authors: Michalet Richard , Delerue Florian , Liancourt Pierre 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relationship between competition and productivity in plant communities is unclear, and this is likely to be due to (1) a confusion in the literature between productivity and biomass, (2) the lack of studies assessing variation in competition in all combinations of biomass and productivity. We assessed the outcome of plant–plant interactions by removing the neighbors around five focal species in 14 herbaceous communities with contrasting biomasses and productivities: meadows with high biomass and productivity, heathlands with high biomass and low productivity, understory communities of deciduous forests with low biomass and high productivity and calcareous grasslands with low biomass and low productivity. Competition intensity was quantified with the relative interaction index (RII) calculated for both survival and growth of the transplanted targets assessed with the increase in leaf number. To examine which traits better explain variation in competition and what drives variation in diversity, we also quantified litter decomposition rate, species composition and diversity and six morphological traits related to plant size and growth rate for eight dominant species of each community. Our main questions were: (1) Is competition mostly related to biomass or productivity? (2) Which traits of the community dominants better explain variation in competition? (3) Is variation in competition and related traits correlated with variation in diversity? Competition for survival significantly increased with increasing community biomass (but not productivity). In addition, competition for survival increased with the size traits and competitive effects of the dominant species of the communities, whereas diversity decreased. Competition for growth also increased with increasing productivity, but only for high‐biomass communities. Additionally, the increase in competition for growth with increasing soil fertility, as measured with litter decomposition rate, was only due to an increase in target growth in plots without neighbors and was unrelated to community competitive effects and species diversity. The results of our study illustrate how the confusion between productivity and biomass could have contributed to the long‐standing debate on variation in competition along productivity gradients and its consequence for diversity.
An experimental test of the growth rate hypothesis as a predictive framework for microevolutionary adaptation
Authors: Lemmen Kimberley D. , Zhou Libin , Papakostas Spiros , Declerck Steven A. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe growth rate hypothesis (GRH) posits that the relative body phosphorus content of an organism is positively related to somatic growth rate, as protein synthesis, which is necessary for growth, requires P‐rich rRNA. This hypothesis has strong support at the interspecific level. Here, we explore the use of the GRH to predict microevolutionary responses in consumer body stoichiometry. For this, we subjected populations of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus to selection for fast population growth rate (PGR) in P‐rich (HPF) and P‐poor (LPF) food environments. With common garden transplant experiments, we demonstrate that in HP populations evolution toward increased PGR was concomitant with an increase in relative phosphorus content. In contrast, LP populations evolved higher PGR without an increase in relative phosphorus content. We conclude that the GRH has the potential to predict microevolutionary change, but that its application is contingent on the environmental context. Our results highlight the potential of cryptic evolution in determining the performance response of populations to elemental limitation of their food resources.