bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmological direct detection of dark energy: Non-linear structure formation signatures of dark energy scattering with visible matter
Authors: Ferlito Fulvio , Vagnozzi Sunny , Mota David F , Baldi Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider the recently proposed possibility that dark energy (DE) and baryons may scatter through a pure momentum exchange process, leaving the background evolution unaffected. Earlier work has shown that, even for barn-scale cross-sections, the imprints of this scattering process on linear cosmological observables is too tiny to be observed. We therefore turn our attention to non-linear scales, and for the first time investigate the signatures of DE-baryon scattering on the non-linear formation of cosmic structures, by running a suite of large N-body simulations. The observables we extract include the non-linear matter power spectrum, halo mass function, and density and baryon fraction profiles of haloes. We find that in the non-linear regime the signatures of DE-baryon scattering are significantly larger than their linear counterparts, due to the important role of angular momentum in collapsing structures, and potentially observable. The most promising observables in this sense are the baryon density and baryon fraction profiles of haloes, which can potentially be constrained by a combination of kinetic Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ), thermal SZ, and weak lensing measurements. Overall, our results indicate that future prospects for cosmological and astrophysical direct detection of non-gravitational signatures of dark energy are extremely bright.
Long-term evolution of multimass rotating star clusters
Authors: Livernois Alexander R , Vesperini Enrico , Varri Anna Lisa , Hong Jongsuk , Tiongco Maria 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the long-term dynamical evolution of the internal kinematics of multimass rotating star clusters. We have performed a set of N-body simulations to follow the internal evolution of clusters with different degrees of initial rotation and have explored the evolution of the rotational velocity, the degree of energy equipartition, and anisotropy in the velocity distribution. Our simulations show that (1) as the cluster evolves, the rotational velocity develops a dependence on the stellar mass with more massive stars characterized by a more rapid rotation and a peak in the rotation curve closer to the cluster centre than low-mass stars; (2) the degree of energy equipartition in the cluster’s intermediate and outer regions depends on the component of the velocity dispersion measured; for more rapidly rotating clusters, the evolution towards energy equipartition is more rapid in the direction of the rotational velocity; (3) the anisotropy in the velocity distribution is stronger for massive stars; and (4) both the degree of mass segregation and energy equipartition are characterized by spatial anisotropy; they have a dependence on both R and z, correlated with the flattening in the spatial variation of the cluster’s density and velocity dispersion, as shown by 2D maps of the mass segregation and energy equipartition on the (R–z) meridional plane.
Canalization of the Polygenic Risk for Common Diseases and Traits in the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Nagpal Sini , Tandon Raghav , Gibson Greg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Since organisms develop and thrive in the face of constant perturbations due to environmental and genetic variation, species may evolve resilient genetic architectures. We sought evidence for this process, known as canalization, through a comparison of the prevalence of phenotypes as a function of the polygenic score (PGS) across environments in the UK Biobank cohort study. Contrasting seven diseases and three categorical phenotypes with respect to 151 exposures in 408,925 people, the deviation between the prevalence–risk curves was observed to increase monotonically with the PGS percentile in one-fifth of the comparisons, suggesting extensive PGS-by-Environment (PGS×E) interaction. After adjustment for the dependency of allelic effect sizes on increased prevalence in the perturbing environment, cases where polygenic influences are greater or lesser than expected are seen to be particularly pervasive for educational attainment, obesity, and metabolic condition type-2 diabetes. Inflammatory bowel disease analysis shows fewer interactions but confirms that smoking and some aspects of diet influence risk. Notably, body mass index has more evidence for decanalization (increased genetic influence at the extremes of polygenic risk), whereas the waist-to-hip ratio shows canalization, reflecting different evolutionary pressures on the architectures of these weight-related traits. An additional 10 % of comparisons showed evidence for an additive shift of prevalence independent of PGS between exposures. These results provide the first widespread evidence for canalization protecting against disease in humans and have implications for personalized medicine as well as understanding the evolution of complex traits. The findings can be explored through an R shiny app at https://canalization-gibsonlab.shinyapps.io/rshiny/.
Phylogenomics of Scorpions Reveal Contemporaneous Diversification of Scorpion Mammalian Predators and Mammal-Active Sodium Channel Toxins
Authors: Santibáñez-López Carlos E , Aharon Shlomi , Ballesteros Jesús A , Gainett Guilherme , Baker Caitlin M , González-Santillán Edmundo , Harvey Mark S , Hassan Mohamed K , Abu Almaaty Ali Hussein , Aldeyarbi Shorouk Mohamed , Monod Lionel , Ojanguren-Affilastro Andrés , Pinto-da-Rocha Ricardo , Zvik Yoram , Gavish-Regev Efrat , Sharma Prashant P 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScorpions constitute a charismatic lineage of arthropods and comprise more than 2500 described species. Found throughout various tropical and temperate habitats, these predatory arachnids have a long evolutionary history, with a fossil record that began in the Silurian. While all scorpions are venomous, the asymmetrically diverse family Buthidae harbors nearly half the diversity of extant scorpions, and all but one of the 58 species that are medically significant to humans. However, the lack of a densely sampled scorpion phylogeny has hindered broader inferences of the diversification dynamics of scorpion toxins. To redress this gap, we assembled a phylogenomic data set of 100 scorpion venom gland transcriptomes and genomes, emphasizing the sampling of highly toxic buthid genera. To infer divergence times of venom gene families, we applied a phylogenomic node dating approach for the species tree in tandem with phylostratigraphic bracketing to estimate the minimum ages of mammal-specific toxins. Our analyses establish a robustly supported phylogeny of scorpions, particularly with regard to relationships between medically significant taxa. Analysis of venom gene families shows that mammal-active sodium channel toxins (NaTx) have independently evolved in five lineages within Buthidae. Temporal windows of mammal-targeting toxin origins are correlated with the basal diversification of major scorpion mammal predators such as shrews, bats, and rodents. These results suggest an evolutionary model of relatively recent diversification of buthid NaTx homologs in response to the diversification of scorpion predators. [Adaptation; arachnids; phylogenomic dating; phylostratigraphy; venom.]
Investment Treaties, Local Institutions and Policies in the Global Land Rush
Authors: Anti Sebastian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) are large tracts of land purchased or leased in low- and middle-income countries by multinational firms. This study examines whether these firms respond to the presence of bilateral investment treaties (BITs), whether BITs reinforce or undermine institutions in this process, and whether these firms respond to recipient-country environmental regulations. It analyzes data on LSLAs, BITs, and environmental policies from 2002 to 2012 in a gravity framework controlling for country-pair and time fixed effects. It finds a BIT is associated with a 96 to 149 percent increase in land deals and a 1 point increase in a recipient country's environmental protection index is associated with around a 36 percent decrease in the total amount of land investors lease or purchase in a country. Interactions between BITs and institutional measures in recipient countries yield large relationships with the number of LSLA deals between countries, although these are statistically insignificant.
Blackgram–Macrophomina phaseolina Interactions and Identification of Novel Sources of Resistance
Authors: Elmerich Chloe , Pandey Abhay K. , Vemula AnilKumar , Rathore Abhishek , Nair Ramakrishnan M. 
Published: March 2022

Macrophomina phaseolina, a fungus that causes dry root rot, is a relatively new threat to blackgram in South Asia. Because this pathogen is a polyphagic necrotroph, it remains viable in the soil for several years, making disease management challenging. One of the most economical methods for managing dry root rot in blackgram is through an integrated approach that uses resistant varieties. This study examined M. phaseolina associated with dry root rot in blackgram and screened 41 blackgram genotypes for dry root rot resistance. The present work also characterized morphological features and internal transcribed sequence regions of the nuclear rDNA operon to identify M. phaseolina from blackgram. Evaluation of the 41 blackgram genotypes against M. phaseolina by the paper towel technique identified two genotypes, CO-5 and IPU 07-3, with dry root rot resistance (disease scores: ≤3) and 18 genotypes with moderate resistance (disease scores: >3 to ≤5). Five genotypes with disease scores <4.0 and two susceptible genotypes were reevaluated using the paper towel method, which revealed moderate resistance reactions of CO-5, IPU 07-3, and MASH 1-1. To confirm dry root rot resistance of these seven genotypes, further screening was done in a greenhouse using the sick pot assay. Results revealed moderate resistance of CO-5, IPU 07-3, and MASH 1-1 genotypes. As compared with susceptible check (VO 2135-B-BL), CO-5 consistently excelled in plant survival with 13.4% disease incidence, followed by IPU 07-3 (16.7%) and MASH 1-1 (19.9%). Therefore, these three genotypes can be used as parents in blackgram breeding programs for developing blackgram cultivars with improved dry root rot resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Asynchronous telehealth visits for the treatment of overactive bladder
Authors: Ortega Marcus V. , del Carmen Marcela G. , Wakamatsu May , Goldstein Susan A. , Siegal-Botti Eirian , Wasfy Jason H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Overactive bladder affects 17% of women, and adherence to treatment is notoriously low. The objective of this pilot study is to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of the use of asynchronous telehealth visits for the treatment of women with overactive bladder.

Methods:
This is a pilot study of women who participated in the asynchronous telehealth program with a new diagnosis of overactive bladder presenting to the Massachusetts General Hospital from January of 2020 to March of 2021. Pre-post differences in Urogenital Distress Inventory score-6, and Incontinence Severity Index Scores were compared with paired t tests as coprimary endpoints. To assess potential mechanisms of association between asynchronous visits and patient-reported outcomes, total fluid intake, caffeinated beverage consumption, urinary frequency, episodes of urinary leakage were also compared as secondary endpoints.

Results:
A total of 23 women participated, with 50 e-visits completed. The first asynchronous visit was completed after a median of 42days (IQR 36, 51.5) from the initial visit. There was a decrease in the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 score between the first asynchronous visit and the last (29 points, IQR 16, 37 vs 12 points, IQR 12, 25), respectively (P = 0.014). Similar findings were seen with the Incontinence Severity Index questionnaire, from three (IQR 2, 4) to three (IQR 1, 3) after the asynchronous visit (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
We demonstrate the feasibility of asynchronous visits for the treatment of overactive bladder. Although our results suggest efficacy, given the prepost change in overactive bladder-related questionnaire scores following asynchronous visits, the comparative effectiveness of asynchronous visits versus regular care needs to be confirmed in a randomized trial.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A917.
Complications of free-flap procedures for phalloplasty in female-to-male transgender surgery: 25-year experience a single medical center
Authors: Wu Szu-Hsien , Shen Bing-Hwei , Perng Cherng-Kang , Wang Tien-Hsiang , Shih Yu-Chung , Ma Hsu , Wu Ho-Yu 
Published: March 2022

Background:
To present the complications of free-flap phalloplasty in three-staged female-to-male transgender surgery.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients who underwent a three-staged free-flap phalloplasty for female-to-male transgender surgery between January 1988 and December 2013. Data regarding demographics, operative techniques, and complications were collected and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 101 patients with a mean age of 30.2 years were included. Phalloplasty with traditional free forearm tube-in-tube fasciocutaneous flap was performed in 25 (24.8%) patients, free forearm fasciocutaneous flap with vaginal mucosa for a prefabricated urethra in 30 (29.7%) patients, free radial forearm osteocutaneous flap with vaginal mucosa for a prefabricated urethra in 22 (21.8%) patients, and free fibula osteocutaneous flap with vaginal mucosa for a prefabricated urethra in 24 (23.8%) patients. Complication rates of partial flap loss, urethrocutaneous fistula, urethral stricture, and hair or stone formation were 12.9%, 49.5%, 24.8%, and 5.0%, respectively. Patients receiving fibula osteocutaneous flap phalloplasty had the lowest overall complication rate (33.3%), followed by those with radial forearm osteocutaneous flap (40.9%), forearm fasciocutaneous flap (43.3%), and forearm tube-in-tube fasciocutaneous flap (80.0%). Forearm tube-in-tube fasciocutaneous flap procedure was associated with significantly higher rates of overall complications (p = 0.05), urethrocutaneous fistula (p = 0.005), and hair or stone formation (p = 0.002) compared with the other three types of procedures. Rates of all complications did not significantly differ among fibula osteocutaneous flap, radial forearm osteocutaneous flap, and forearm fasciocutaneous flap procedures.

Conclusion:
In free-flap phalloplasty for female-to-male transgender surgery, utilization of free fibula osteocutaneous flap with vaginal mucosa for a prefabricated urethra resulted in the lowest complication rate. Further comparisons among different procedures of phalloplasty are warranted.
Effects of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters on left ventricular mass index in hypertensive children
Authors: Soyaltin Eren , Demir Belde Kasap , Erfidan Gökçen , Çamlar Seçil Arslansoyu , Alaygut Demet , Mutlubaş Fatma 
Published: March 2022

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the effects of blood pressure (BP) values obtained by 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) of hypertensive children and adolescents on left ventricular mass index (LVMI).

Methods
Patients diagnosed with HT with BP measurements confirmed with ABPM and evaluated with echocardiography for LVMI were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to their BMI as obese and nonobese. SDSs of ABPM parameters were compared between the groups.

Results
A total of 158 children with HT were included in the study. Ninety of these patients were obese. In obese and nonobese cases, mean SDS levels were similar in ABPM parameters, whereas LVMI was significantly higher in obese patients (P = 0.049). There was a significant correlation between LVMI and 24-h SBP SDS, daytime SBP SDS, 24-h SBP load and daytime BP load. In obese cases, there was a statistically significant correlation between LVMI and 24-h SBP SDS, daytime SBP SDS, 24-h SBP load, daytime SBP load as well as nighttime SBP SDS and nighttime SBP load. When the whole group was evaluated, 24-h SBP SDS was the most effective parameter influencing LVMI (P = 0.001). Similarly, the most effective ABPM parameter on LVMI in obese patients was 24-h SBP SDS (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
A significantly higher rate of LVMI in obese patients suggests that obesity itself is an effective factor on LVMI. In addition, systolic hypertension is more effective on cardiac functions compared with DBP measurements and systolic-DBP dipping ratios.
Physical activity influences heart rate variability in young adults, regardless of dextrose ingestion
Authors: Oliveira Caroline Maria , Novelli Fabiula Isoton , Alves-Santos Érica Tanise , Queiroz Marilene Gonçalves , Ghezzi Ana Carolina , Cambri Lucieli Teresa 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Cardiac autonomic modulation can be altered by carbohydrate ingestion. On the other hand, some of the protective effects of physical activity may be due to its impact on the autonomic nervous system.

Purpose
This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate whether physical activity level influences heart rate variability (HRV) under fasting and mainly, after dextrose ingestion.

Methods
Healthy adults aged 18–40 years (n = 92; 54.35 % women) were separated into nonactive (n = 47) and active groups (n = 45), based on the physical activity level determined by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and then compared.

Results
There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) for age, body mass, BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose and blood glucose at 60 min after dextrose ingestion between groups. Body fat (%) was lower in the active group (P = 0.02). The time-domain indices (RMSSD, SDNN and pNN50) were higher in the physically active group compared to the nonactive group (main effect of group, P < 0.01). The SDNN index was higher at 60 min after dextrose ingestion compared to fasting (main effect of time, P ≤ 0.01). However, no HRV indices showed significantly interaction effect (group x time; P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The magnitude of HRV responses to glucose was not influenced by physical activity status. Young adults who met at least the minimum physical activity recommendations showed a higher cardiac autonomic modulation, regardless of dextrose ingestion.
“Laurin-Sandrow Syndrome – a review of the literature and classification system”
Authors: Buzea Cezar , Boulanger Nathalie 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Laurin-Sandrow syndrome also known as tetramelic mirror-image polydactyly is a rare congenital disorder characterized classically by polysyndactyly of the hands, mirror feet and nose anomalies (hypoplasia of the nasal alae and short columella) often associated with ulnar and/or fibular duplication. As a pathologic entity, it is heterogeneous, the patients displaying a variety of symptoms. This review aims to analyze the different aspects of the condition, such as clinical findings and methods of treatment to summarize the principal features of Laurin-Sandrow syndrome.

Materials and methods
The review is based on searches on PubMed, Web of Science and Researchgate of the following terms: “Laurin-Sandrow syndrome”, “mirror hands”, “mirror feet”, “tetramelic mirror-image polydactyly”, “fibular dimelia” and “ulnar dimelia”. Clinical cases, reviews and original articles were included.

Results
As a consequence of our findings, we suggest a modification of the Al-Qattan classification system for Mirror Hand-Multiple Hand Spectrum.

Conclusion
Even though it has an extremely low incidence, a thorough understanding of the syndrome enables the surgeon to choose the appropriate treatment with the ultimate goal to improve the patient’s life quality.
Lymphatics - not just a chylomicron conduit
Authors: Syed-Abdul Majid M. , Tian Lili , Xiao Changting , Lewis Gary F. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
Lymphatics are known to have active, regulated pumping by smooth muscle cells that enhance lymph flow, but whether active regulation of lymphatic pumping contributes significantly to the rate of appearance of chylomicrons (CMs) in the blood circulation (i.e., CM production rate) is not currently known. In this review, we highlight some of the potential mechanisms by which lymphatics may regulate CM production.

Recent findings
Recent data from our lab and others are beginning to provide clues that suggest a more active role of lymphatics in regulating CM appearance in the circulation through various mechanisms. Potential contributors include apolipoproteins, glucose, glucagon-like peptide-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor-C, but there are likely to be many more.

Summary
The digested products of dietary fats absorbed by the small intestine are re-esterified and packaged by enterocytes into large, triglyceride-rich CM particles or stored temporarily in intracellular cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Secreted CMs traverse the lamina propria and are transported via lymphatics and then the blood circulation to liver and extrahepatic tissues, where they are stored or metabolized as a rich energy source. Although indirect data suggest a relationship between lymphatic pumping and CM production, this concept requires more experimental evidence before we can be sure that lymphatic pumping contributes significantly to the rate of CM appearance in the blood circulation.
Current Practices in Dorsal Augmentation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Fisher Mark , Alba Brandon , Ahmad Jamil , Robotti Enrico , Cerkes Nazim , Gruber Ronald P. , Rohrich Rod J. , Bradley James P. , Tanna Neil 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty addresses the aesthetic and functional impairments caused by a deficient nasal dorsum. Augmentation rhinoplasty can be performed using a variety of different surgical techniques and grafting materials that all have distinct advantages and disadvantages.

Methods:
Grafting materials have unique characteristics, uses, and safety profiles. A detailed overview of various grafting materials and their uses, risks, and benefits is provided.

Results:
Autologous grafting materials include septal cartilage, auricular cartilage, and costal cartilage. These donor sites can provide various amounts of en bloc or diced cartilage. Alternatively, bone may be used when strong structural stability is required, and soft tissue may be used to fill mild to moderate defects. Homologous grafts (e.g., irradiated and nonirradiated rib) and acellular dermal matrices are alternatives to autologous graft with many similar advantages and no need for an additional surgical site. Lastly, alloplastic implants may be successfully used for dorsal augmentation if both patient and surgeon understand their associated risks.

Conclusion:
To perform successful dorsal augmentation, surgeons should be familiar with the wide variety of operative approaches and augmentation materials that are currently available and understand their risks, benefits, and uses.