bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some new convergence and stability results for Jungck generalized pseudo-contractive and Lipschitzian type operators using hybrid iterative techniques in the Hilbert space
Authors: Olatinwo M. O. , Omidire O. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe convergence of generalized pseudo-contractive operators were studied with regard to a unique fixed point in the article (Verma in Proc Roy Irish Acad Soct A, 97(1):83–86, 1997). In this present article, we introduce Jungck generalized pseudo-contractive and Lipschitzian type operators in the prehilbertian space and in the Hilbert space settings, establish the existence and the uniqueness of a common fixed point for the operator S and a sequence of operators $$\{T_i:D\rightarrow D\}_{i=1}^k$$

{

T
i

:
D
→
D
}

i
=
1

k

using a new Jungck–Kirk–Mann type fixed point iterative algorithm as well as the general Kirk–Mann type iterative algorithm. The strong convergence of these fixed point iterative algorithms to a unique common fixed point is also investigated for the same set of operators considered. Moreover, some stability results are established for the Jungck–Kirk–Mann type iterative algorithm as well as the general Kirk–Mann type iterative algorithm. In addition, some examples are given to support our arguments. The results are new, original as well as generalizing some existing ones in the literature.
On a Family of Quasimetric Spaces in Generalized Potential Theory
Authors: Åhag Per , Czyż Rafał 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe construct a family of quasimetric spaces in generalized potential theory containing m-subharmonic functions with finite (p, m)-energy. These quasimetric spaces will be viewed both in $${\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

n

and in compact Kähler manifolds, and their convergence will be used to improve known stability results for the complex Hessian equations.
Bounds on the First Betti Number: An Approach via Schatten Norm Estimates on Semigroup Differences
Authors: Hansmann Marcel , Rose Christian , Stollmann Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe derive new estimates for the first Betti number of compact Riemannian manifolds. Our approach relies on the Birman–Schwinger principle and Schatten norm estimates for semigroup differences. In contrast to previous works we do not require any a priori ultracontractivity estimates and we provide bounds which explicitly depend on suitable integral norms of the Ricci tensor.
Food web assessments in the Baltic Sea: Models bridging the gap between indicators and policy needs
Authors: Korpinen Samuli , Uusitalo Laura , Nordström Marie C. , Dierking Jan , Tomczak Maciej T. , Haldin Jannica , Opitz Silvia , Bonsdorff Erik , Neuenfeldt Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEcosystem-based management requires understanding of food webs. Consequently, assessment of food web status is mandatory according to the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) for EU Member States. However, how to best monitor and assess food webs in practise has proven a challenging question. Here, we review and assess the current status of food web indicators and food web models, and discuss whether the models can help addressing current shortcomings of indicator-based food web assessments, using the Baltic Sea as an example region. We show that although the MSFD food web assessment was designed to use food web indicators alone, they are currently poorly fit for the purpose, because they lack interconnectivity of trophic guilds. We then argue that the multiple food web models published for this region have a high potential to provide additional coherence to the definition of good environmental status, the evaluation of uncertainties, and estimates for unsampled indicator values, but we also identify current limitations that stand in the way of more formal implementation of this approach. We close with a discussion of which current models have the best capacity for this purpose in the Baltic Sea, and of the way forward towards the combination of measurable indicators and modelling approaches in food web assessments.
Accuracy and Interpretability: Struggling with the Epistemic Foundations of Machine Learning-Generated Medical Information and Their Practical Implications for the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Funer Florian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe initial successes in recent years in harnessing machine learning (ML) technologies to improve medical practice and benefit patients have attracted attention in a wide range of healthcare fields. Particularly, it should be achieved by providing automated decision recommendations to the treating clinician. Some hopes placed in such ML-based systems for healthcare, however, seem to be unwarranted, at least partially because of their inherent lack of transparency, although their results seem convincing in accuracy and reliability. Skepticism arises when the physician as the agent responsible for the implementation of diagnosis, therapy, and care is unable to access the generation of findings and recommendations. There is widespread agreement that, generally, a complete traceability is preferable to opaque recommendations; however, there are differences about addressing ML-based systems whose functioning seems to remain opaque to some degree—even if so-called explicable or interpretable systems gain increasing amounts of interest. This essay approaches the epistemic foundations of ML-generated information specifically and medical knowledge generally to advocate differentiations of decision-making situations in clinical contexts regarding their necessary depth of insight into the process of information generation. Empirically accurate or reliable outcomes are sufficient for some decision situations in healthcare, whereas other clinical decisions require extensive insight into ML-generated outcomes because of their inherently normative implications.
Focal solitary necrotic nodules in fatty liver: characteristics on conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
Authors: Peng Yue-ling , Liu Li-ping , Zhang Yan-jing , Liu Jing-jing , Yu Xiao-Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Focal lesions in fatty liver are difficult to diagnose using conventional ultrasonography (CVUS). The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of solitary necrotic nodules (SNNs) in fatty liver using CVUS and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of CEUS for SNNs in fatty liver.

Methods
Fifteen SNNs in the fatty liver of fifteen patients were examined by both CVUS and CEUS. The contrast agent SonoVue was used for CEUS. The characterization and shape of these SNNs in the fatty liver were analyzed using CEUS.

Results
CVUS revealed eight oval-shaped, six irregularly shaped, and one wedge-shaped SNN in the fatty liver. The six irregularly shaped lesions on CVUS were revealed to comprise four gourd-shaped, one serpiginous, and one 3-pin socket-shaped nodule on CEUS. One of these SNNs showed a subcapsular wedge shape, with peripheral and distinct internal septal hyperenhancement in the arterial phases that washed out in the portal phase; moreover, most areas of th lesion showed no internal enhancement in any of the three phases. Fourteen of the lesions were characterized as lacking internal enhancement, and 12 of them had mild–moderate peripheral thin enhancement in the arterial phases. Twelve of the 15 nodules could be considered for diagnosis as SNNs by CEUS, which was further proved by US-guided biopsy and histopathology. However none of them could be considered for diagnosis as SNNs by CVUS.

Conclusions
CEUS is a valuable tool for visualizing the characteristics of SNNs in fatty liver to improve the differential diagnosis.
Analysis of COVID-19 evolution based on testing closeness of sequential data
Authors: Matsui Tomoko , Azzaoui Nourddine , Murakami Daisuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA practical algorithm has been developed for closeness analysis of sequential data that combines closeness testing with algorithms based on the Markov chain tester. It was applied to reported sequential data for COVID-19 to analyze the evolution of COVID-19 during a certain time period (week, month, etc.).
Risk factors of major intraoperative blood loss at primary debulking surgery for ovarian cancer
Authors: Dou Sha , Chen Junchen , Wang Yuanfen , Zhu Chongyuan , Cui Heng , Li Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to find the risk factors for major intraoperative blood loss (MBL) of primary debulking surgery (PDS) for ovarian cancer.MethodsPatients with ovarian cancer who underwent PDS in our hospital, from 2010 to 2017, were enrolled. The association between risk factors and MBL was modeled with the use of logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the predictive value of the logistic regression model.ResultsA total of 346 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 150 patients with MBL. Tumor stage 3/4 (P ​< ​0.001), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥3 (P ​= ​0.044), ascites volume ≥500 ​ml ​(P ​= ​0.002), radical or ultra-radical surgery (P ​= ​0.002), and diabetes (P ​= ​0.035) were independent risk factors for MBL in patients with ovarian cancer. The logistic regression combined model of these five factors is more reliable in the prediction of MBL with an area under the ROC curve of 0.729 than the tumor stage (ROC curve ​= ​0.645) and surgical complexity (ROC curve ​= ​0.568).ConclusionIn patients with ovarian cancer, five risk factors for major intraoperative bleeding were identified. Planned surgical procedures and preoperative risk factors can be used to predict perioperative blood requirements.
Extent and Volume of Lava Flows Erupted at 9°50′N, East Pacific Rise in 2005–2006 From Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Surveys
Authors: Wu Jyun‐Nai , Parnell‐Turner Ross , Fornari Daniel J. , Kurras Gregory , Berrios‐Rivera Natalia , Barreyre Thibaut , McDermott Jill M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeafloor volcanic eruptions are difficult to directly observe due to lengthy eruption cycles and the remote location of mid‐ocean ridges. Volcanic eruptions in 2005–2006 at 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise have been well documented, but the lava volume and flow extent remain uncertain because of the limited near‐bottom bathymetric data. We present near‐bottom data collected during 19 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Sentry dives at 9°50′N in 2018, 2019, and 2021. The resulting 1 m‐resolution bathymetric grid and 20 cm‐resolution sidescan sonar images cover 115 km2, and span the entire area of the 2005–2006 eruptions, including an 8 km2 pre‐eruption survey collected with AUV ABE in 2001. Pre‐ and post‐eruption surveys, combined with sidescan sonar images and seismo‐acoustic impulsive events recorded during the eruptions, are used to quantify the lava flow extent and to estimate changes in seafloor depth caused by lava emplacement. During the 2005–2006 eruptions, lava flowed up to ∼3 km away from the axial summit trough, covering an area of ∼20.8 km2; ∼50% larger than previously thought. Where pre‐ and post‐eruption surveys overlap, individual flow lobes can be resolved, confirming that lava thickness varies from ∼1 to 10 m, and increases with distance from eruptive fissures. The resulting lava volume estimate indicates that ∼57% of the melt extracted from the axial melt lens probably remained in the subsurface as dikes. These observations provide insights into recharge cycles in the subsurface magma system, and are a baseline for studying future eruptions at the 9°50′N area.
Lithology and Fault‐Related Stress Variations Along the TCDP Boreholes: The Stress State Before and After the 1999 Chi‐Chi Earthquake
Authors: Talukdar Mayukh , Sone Hiroki , Kuo Li‐Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the stress state before and after an earthquake is essential to study how stress on faults evolves during the seismic cycle. This study integrates wellbore failure analysis, laboratory experiments, and edge dislocation model to study the stress state before and after the Chi‐Chi earthquake. The post‐earthquake in‐situ stress state observed along boreholes of the Taiwan Chelungpu‐fault Drilling Project (TCDP) is heterogeneous due to lithological variations. Along the borehole, we observe that drilling‐induced tensile fractures are only present in sandstones, whereas breakouts are mostly present in silt‐rich rocks. Laboratory experiments on TCDP cores also show that tensile and compressive strength are weaker in sandstones than in silt‐rich rocks. These observations imply that both maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses are higher in silt‐rich intervals. Extended leak‐off tests in the TCDP borehole also show lower minimum horizontal stress in sand‐rich intervals, consistent with the above observations. We combine these observations to estimate a profile of stress magnitudes along the well which explains the variability of stress states found in previous studies. The stress heterogeneity we observed underlines the importance of acknowledging the spatial scale that the stress data represent. We then use an edge dislocation model constrained by GPS surface displacements obtained during Chi‐Chi earthquake to calculate the coseismic stress changes. Our inferred pre‐earthquake stress magnitudes, obtained by subtracting the coseismic stress change from the post‐earthquake stress, suggest subcritical stress state before the earthquake despite the large displacements observed during the Chi‐Chi earthquake in the region where TCDP encountered the fault.
High Resolution Dynamical Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Measurements During the BIO‐MAÏDO Field Campaign (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean)
Authors: Rocco M. , Baray J.‐L. , Colomb A. , Borbon A. , Dominutti P. , Tulet P. , Amelynck C. , Schoon N. , Verreyken B. , Duflot V. , Gros V. , Sarda‐Estève R. , Péris G. , Guadagno C. , Leriche M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study presents a high‐resolution dynamical analysis of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) concentrations measured from March 11 to April 4 2019 at Réunion Island during the BIO‐MAÏDO (Bio‐physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo: processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign. We detail the dynamical and chemical processes that govern atmospheric VOC concentrations at two targeted sites of the western slope of Réunion Island: Petite France (PF), 950 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and Maïdo Observatory (MO), 2150 m a.s.l. A dynamical connection between PF and MO is found during four selected days: March 28 and 31, April 1 and 3. Trajectory calculations using the coupling of Meso‐Computing Advection‐interpolation of atmospheric parameters and Trajectory tool (CAT) (100 m horizontal resolution of Meso‐NH high‐resolution non‐hydrostatic model and the CAT trajectory model) Lagrangian transport model showed that air masses were dynamically linked between the two measurements sites for 44.8% of the time during the complete campaign. Trajectories from the Meso‐CAT model combined with the Corine Land Cover‐2018 register shows that backward‐trajectories are frequently located above biogenic area (mixed forest, 8%–67% of total number trajectory point) and cultures area (e.g., sugar cane plantation, 0%–21%). Regarding VOCs concentrations, air masses coming from downhill MO are associated with significant measured concentrations of isoprene, isoprene oxidation products and benzene. Averaged concentration daytime ratios of isoprene and isoprene oxidation products from PF to MO are 0.73 ± 1.01 and 0.26 ± 0.26 respectively illustrating a loss of these VOCs due to deposition, oxidation, or possibility dilution on clouds.
Floods on Alluvial Fans: Implications for Reworking Rates, Morphology and Fan Hazards
Authors: Leenman A. S. , Eaton B. C. , MacKenzie L. G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlood events are the agents of change on alluvial fans. However, most alluvial fan experiments have used constant flows to model fans and the channels upon them. Here, we present results from a series of alluvial fan experiments with different patterns of flow variation (i.e., different hydrograph shapes). We conducted experiments with (a) constant flow, (b) alternating high and low flows, (c) a moderate flood peak that decayed slowly, alternating with a constant low flow, and (d) a high flood peak that decayed rapidly, alternating with a constant low flow. We found that different hydrographs generated fans with different slopes, even though all experiments had the same mean flow and sediment supply. In addition, higher peak flows led to increased lateral migration rates and increased erosion and deposition. These results challenge the notion that a single representative flow can be used to approximate the geomorphic effects of a range of flows in a natural stream. Moreover, our findings indicate that hydrograph shape can govern the geomorphic impact of a flood event. This means that altered basin hydrology (for instance, through land cover change) likely exerts an important impact on geomorphic change and natural hazards on alluvial fans.
Seasonal Variations in Fjord Sediment Grain Size: A Pre‐requisite for Hydrological and Climate Reconstructions in Partially Glacierized Watersheds (Baker River, Patagonia)
Authors: Amann Benjamin , Bertrand Sebastien , Alvarez‐Garreton Camila , Reid Brian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFjord sediments are increasingly recognized as high‐resolution archives of past hydrological and climate variability. Using them as such, however, requires a comprehensive understanding of the variables that affect their accumulation rates and properties. Here, we conduct a spatial and temporal study of sediment samples collected at the head of Martínez Channel (Chilean Patagonia, 48°S), to understand how the fjord's sediments register changes in the hydrology of Baker River, Chile's largest river in terms of mean annual discharge. We apply end‐member modeling to particle‐size distributions of: (a) river suspended sediments, (b) surface sediments collected along a proximal‐distal transect at the fjord head, and (c) fjord sediments collected in a sequential sediment trap at 15‐day resolution during two consecutive years. We then validate the use of the grain‐size end members for hydrological and climate reconstructions, using a sediment core that covers the last 35 years. Results show that the river suspended sediments and fjord sediments are consistently composed of two grain‐size subpopulations. The finest end member (EM1; mode 4.03 μm) reflects the meltwater contribution, which dominates in all but the winter season. The coarser end member (EM2; mode 18.7 μm) dominates in winter, when meltwater contribution is reduced, and is associated with rainfall. We show that the fluxes of EM1and EM2provide quantitative estimates of baseflow (r = 0.87,p < 0.001) and quickflow (r = 0.86,p < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, we propose that log (EM1/EM2) can be used to reconstruct meltwater production (r = 0.67,p < 0.001) and temperature (r = 0.81,p < 0.001) in the lower Baker River watershed. These results support the use of fjord sediments for quantitative reconstructions of hydrological and climate variability in partially glacierized watersheds.
Silicic Acid Cycling in the Bering Sea During the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Worne Savannah , Swann George E. A. , Kender Sev , Lacey Jack H. , Leng Melanie J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rate of deep‐ocean carbon burial is considered important for modulating glacial‐interglacial atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global climate during the Quaternary. It has been suggested that glacial iron fertilization and increased efficiency of the biological pump in the Southern Ocean since the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT) was key in lowering atmospheric pCO2 and facilitating rapid land ice accumulation. There is growing evidence that a similar mechanism may have existed in the subarctic Pacific Ocean, although this has not yet been assessed. Here, the silicon isotope composition of diatoms (δ30Sidiatom) from the Bering Sea upwelling region is used to assess the role of nutrient cycling on the subarctic Pacific biological pump during the MPT. Results show that during and after the “900 kyr event,” the high productivity green belt zone was characterized by low silicic acid utilization but high supply, coincident with the dominance of diatom resting spores. We posit that as nutrient upwelling was suppressed following pack ice growth and expansion of glacial North Pacific Intermediate Water (GNPIW), primary productivity became nitrate‐limited and enhanced opal remineralization caused a relative increase in silicic acid supply. However, preferential preservation and higher cellular carbon content of diatom resting spores, as well as increased supply of iron from expanded sea ice, likely sustained the net efficiency of the Bering Sea biological pump through the MPT. Remnant iron and silicic acid may also have propagated into the lower subarctic Pacific Ocean through GNPIW, aiding a regionally efficient biological pump at 900 kyr and during post‐MPT glacials.
Genome-wide meta-analysis of alcohol use disorder in East Asians
Authors: Zhou Hang , Kalayasiri Rasmon , Sun Yan , Nuñez Yaira Z. , Deng Hong-Wen , Chen Xiang-Ding , Justice Amy C. , Kranzler Henry R. , Chang Suhua , Lu Lin , Shi Jie , Sanichwankul Kittipong , Mutirangura Apiwat , Malison Robert T. , Gelernter Joel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ~30 AUD risk genes in European populations, but many fewer in East Asians. We conducted GWAS and genome-wide meta-analysis of AUD in 13,551 subjects with East Asian ancestry, using published summary data and newly genotyped data from five cohorts: (1) electronic health record (EHR)-diagnosed AUD in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) sample; (2) DSM-IV diagnosed alcohol dependence (AD) in a Han Chinese–GSA (array) cohort; (3) AD in a Han Chinese–Cyto (array) cohort; and (4) two AD Thai cohorts. The MVP and Thai samples included newly genotyped subjects from ongoing recruitment. In total, 2254 cases and 11,297 controls were analyzed. An AUD polygenic risk score was analyzed in an independent sample with 4464 East Asians (Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging (GERA)). Phenotypes from survey data and ICD-9-CM diagnoses were tested for association with the AUD PRS. Two risk loci were detected: the well-known functional variant rs1229984 in ADH1B and rs3782886 in BRAP (near the ALDH2 gene locus) are the lead variants. AUD PRS was significantly associated with days per week of alcohol consumption (beta = 0.43, SE = 0.067, p = 2.47 × 10−10) and nominally associated with pack years of smoking (beta = 0.09, SE = 0.05, p = 4.52 × 10−2) and ever vs. never smoking (beta = 0.06, SE = 0.02, p = 1.14 × 10−2). This is the largest GWAS of AUD in East Asians to date. Building on previous findings, we were able to analyze pleiotropy, but did not identify any new risk regions, underscoring the importance of recruiting additional East Asian subjects for alcohol GWAS.