bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of conformational changes and membrane remodeling leading to genome delivery by viral class-II fusion machinery
Authors: Mangala Prasad Vidya , Blijleven Jelle S. , Smit Jolanda M. , Lee Kelly K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a human pathogen that delivers its genome to the host cell cytoplasm through endocytic low pH-activated membrane fusion mediated by class-II fusion proteins. Though structures of prefusion, icosahedral CHIKV are available, structural characterization of virion interaction with membranes has been limited. Here, we have used cryo-electron tomography to visualize CHIKV’s complete membrane fusion pathway, identifying key intermediary glycoprotein conformations coupled to membrane remodeling events. Using sub-tomogram averaging, we elucidate features of the low pH-exposed virion, nucleocapsid and full-length E1-glycoprotein’s post-fusion structure. Contrary to class-I fusion systems, CHIKV achieves membrane apposition by protrusion of extended E1-glycoprotein homotrimers into the target membrane. The fusion process also features a large hemifusion diaphragm that transitions to a wide pore for intact nucleocapsid delivery. Our analyses provide comprehensive ultrastructural insights into the class-II virus fusion system function and direct mechanistic characterization of the fundamental process of protein-mediated membrane fusion.
Expression plasticity regulates intraspecific variation in the acclimatization potential of a reef-building coral
Authors: Drury Crawford , Dilworth Jenna , Majerová Eva , Caruso Carlo , Greer Justin B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is an important ecological and evolutionary response for organisms experiencing environmental change, but the ubiquity of this capacity within coral species and across symbiont communities is unknown. We exposed ten genotypes of the reef-building coralMontipora capitatawith divergent symbiont communities to four thermal pre-exposure profiles and quantified gene expression before stress testing 4 months later. Here we show two pre-exposure profiles significantly enhance thermal tolerance despite broadly different expression patterns and substantial variation in acclimatization potential based on coral genotype. There was no relationship between a genotype’s basal thermal sensitivity and ability to acquire heat tolerance, including in corals harboring naturally tolerant symbionts, which illustrates the potential for additive improvements in coral response to climate change. These results represent durable improvements from short-term stress hardening of reef-building corals and substantial cryptic complexity in the capacity for plasticity.
PKD1 and PKD2 mRNA cis-inhibition drives polycystic kidney disease progression
Authors: Lakhia Ronak , Ramalingam Harini , Chang Chun-Mien , Cobo-Stark Patricia , Biggers Laurence , Flaten Andrea , Alvarez Jesus , Valencia Tania , Wallace Darren P. , Lee Edmund C. , Patel Vishal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), among the most common human genetic conditions and a frequent etiology of kidney failure, is primarily caused by heterozygousPKD1mutations. Kidney cyst formation occurs whenPKD1dosage falls below a critical threshold. However, no framework exists to harness the remaining allele or reversePKD1decline. Here, we show that mRNAs produced by the noninactivatedPKD1allele are repressed via their 3′-UTR miR-17 binding element. Eliminating this motif (Pkd1∆17) improves mRNA stability, raises Polycystin-1 levels, and alleviates cyst growth in cellular, ex vivo, and mouse PKD models. Remarkably,Pkd2is also inhibited via its 3′-UTR miR-17 motif, andPkd2∆17-induced Polycystin-2 derepression retards cyst growth inPkd1-mutant models. Moreover, acutely blockingPkd1/2cis-inhibition, including after cyst onset, attenuates murine PKD. Finally, modelingPKD1∆17orPKD2∆17alleles in patient-derived primary ADPKD cultures leads to smaller cysts, reduced proliferation, lower pCreb1 expression, and improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, evading 3′-UTR cis-interference and enhancingPKD1/2mRNA translation is a potentially mutation-agnostic ADPKD-arresting approach.
Vibration control of a nonlinear cantilever beam operating in the 3D space
Authors: Pham Phuong-Tung , Nguyen Quoc Chi , Yoon Mahnjung , Hong Keum-Shik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses a control problem of a nonlinear cantilever beam with translating base in the three-dimensional space, wherein the coupled nonlinear dynamics of the transverse, lateral, and longitudinal vibrations of the beam and the base’s motions are considered. The control scheme employs two control inputs applied to the beam’s base to control the base’s position while simultaneously suppressing the beam’s transverse, lateral, and longitudinal vibrations. According to the Hamilton principle, a hybrid model describing the nonlinear coupling dynamics of the beam and the base is established: This model consists of three partial differential equations representing the beam’s dynamics and two ordinary differential equations representing the base’s dynamics. Subsequently, the control laws are designed to move the base to the desired position and attenuate the beam’s vibrations in all three directions. The asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is proven via the Lyapunov method. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed control scheme is illustrated via the simulation results.
The abundance and persistence of Caprinae populations
Authors: Harris Grant M. , Butler Matthew J. , Stewart David R. , Cain James W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStable or growing populations may go extinct when their sizes cannot withstand large swings in temporal variation and stochastic forces. Hence, the minimum abundance threshold defining when populations can persist without human intervention forms a key conservation parameter. We identify this threshold for many populations of Caprinae, typically threatened species lacking demographic data. Doing so helps triage conservation and management actions for threatened or harvested populations. Methodologically, we used population projection matrices and simulations, with starting abundance, recruitment, and adult female survival predicting future abundance, growth rate (λ), and population trend. We incorporated mean demographic rates representative of Caprinae populations and corresponding variances from desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), as a proxy for Caprinae sharing similar life histories. We found a population’s minimum abundance resulting in ≤ 0.01 chance of quasi-extinction (QE; population ≤ 5 adult females) in 10 years and ≤ 0.10 QE in 30 years as 50 adult females, or 70 were translocation (removals) pursued. Discovering the threshold required 3 demographic parameters. We show, however, that monitoring populations’ relationships to this threshold requires only abundance and recruitment data. This applied approach avoids the logistical and cost hurdles in measuring female survival, making assays of population persistence more practical.
Translating CO$$_2$$ variability in a plant growth system into plant dynamics
Authors: Ahn Tae In , Jung Je Hyeong , Kim Hyoung Seok , Lee Ju Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant growth occurs owing to the continuous interactions between environmental and genetic factors, and the analysis of plant growth provides crucial information on plant responses. Recent agronomic and analytical methodologies for plant growth require various channels for capturing broader and more dynamic plant traits. In this study, we provide a method of non-invasive growth analyses by translating CO$$_2$$

2

variability around a plant. We hypothesized that the cumulative coefficient of variation (CCV) of plant-driven ambient CO$$_2$$

2

variation in a plant growth system could yield a numerical indicator that is connected to the plant growth dynamics. Using the system outside-plant growth system-plant coupled dynamic model, we found that the CCV could translate dynamic plant growth under environmental and biophysical constraints. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated the application of CCV by using non-airtight growth chamber systems. Our findings may enrich plant growth information channels and assist growers or researchers to analyze plant growth comprehensively.
Long non-coding RNA DARS-AS1 promotes tumor progression by directly suppressing PACT-mediated cellular stress
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Lin Kequan , Zhu Lin , Wang Huili , Teng Shuaishuai , Huang Lijun , Zhou Shiyi , Zhang Guanbin , Lu Zhi John , Wang Dong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCancer cells evolve various mechanisms to overcome cellular stresses and maintain progression. Protein kinase R (PKR) and its protein activator (PACT) are the initial responders in monitoring diverse stress signals and lead to inhibition of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in consequence. However, the regulation of PACT-PKR pathway in cancer cells remains largely unknown. Herein, we identify that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) aspartyl-tRNA synthetase antisense RNA 1 (DARS-AS1) is directly involved in the inhibition of the PACT-PKR pathway and promotes the proliferation of cancer cells. Using large-scale CRISPRi functional screening of 971 cancer-associated lncRNAs, we find that DARS-AS1 is associated with significantly enhanced proliferation of cancer cells. Accordingly, knocking down DARS-AS1 inhibits cell proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines and promotes cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and significantly reduces tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, DARS-AS1 directly binds to the activator domain of PACT and prevents PACT-PKR interaction, thereby decreasing PKR activation, eIF2α phosphorylation and inhibiting apoptotic cell death. Clinically, DARS-AS1 is broadly expressed across multiple cancers and the increased expression of this lncRNA indicates poor prognosis. This study elucidates the lncRNA DARS-AS1 directed cancer-specific modulation of the PACT-PKR pathway and provides another target for cancer prognosis and therapeutic treatment.
Ferroelectricity modulates polaronic coupling at multiferroic interfaces
Authors: Husanu Marius Adrian , Popescu Dana Georgeta , Bisti Federico , Hrib Luminita Mirela , Filip Lucian Dragos , Pasuk Iuliana , Negrea Raluca , Istrate Marian Cosmin , Lev Leonid , Schmitt Thorsten , Pintilie Lucian , Mishchenko Andrey , Teodorescu Cristian Mihail , Strocov Vladimir N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhysics of the multiferroic interfaces is currently understood mostly within a phenomenological framework based on screening of the polarization field and depolarizing charges. Additional effects still unexplored are the band dependence of the interfacial charge modulation and the associated changes of the electron-phonon interaction, coupling the charge and lattice degrees of freedom. Here, multiferroic heterostructures of the colossal-magnetoresistance manganite La1-xSrxMnO3 buried under ferroelectric BaTiO3 and PbZrxTi1-xO3 are investigated using soft-X-ray angle-resolved photoemission. The experimental band dispersions from the buried La1-xSrxMnO3 identify coexisting two-dimensional hole and three-dimensional electron charge carriers. The ferroelectric polarization modulates their charge density, affecting the coupling of the 2D holes and 3D electrons with the lattice which forms large Fröhlich polarons inherently reducing mobility of the charge carriers. Our k-resolved results on the orbital occupancy, band filling and electron-lattice interaction in multiferroic oxide heterostructures modulated by the ferroelectric polarization disclose most fundamental physics of these systems needed for further progress of beyond-CMOS ferro-functional electronics.
Was ist bei der Diagnostik des Trockenen Auges zu beachten?
Authors: Jacobi Christina 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie komplexe, multifaktorielle Erkrankung „Trockenes Auge“ erfordert für die Diagnostik mehr als ein einziges Testverfahren inklusive einer subjektiven Fragebogenerhebung. Zudem kam es in
den letzten Jahren zu einem Paradigmenwechsel im Verständnis dieser Erkrankung. Dieser erforderte Änderungen in Definition und diagnostischen Strategien und zog die Aktualisierung nationaler
und internationaler Leitlinien (DOG/BVA und DEWS II) nach sich.
Voruntersuchung bei Kataraktoperation
Authors: Müller-Kassner Annika , Kohnen Thomas , Shajari Mehdi 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Kataraktoperation stellt mit etwa 800 000 Operationen pro Jahr eine der häufigsten Operationen in Deutschland dar; aufgrund des demografischen Wandels ist von einem Anstieg in den
nächsten Jahrzehnten auszugehen. Daneben erweitern sich die diagnostischen und operativen Möglichkeiten. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, eine strukturierte, ziel- und patientenorientierte
Voruntersuchung zu planen und individuelle Besonderheiten aufzuzeigen.
Leitfaden – Parenterale Ernährung im ambulanten
Bereich
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C. , Nachbar Julia , Fux Richard , Trapp Reinhild , Schmidt Karen , Viapiano Michael 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Durchführung der parenteralen Ernährung im ambulanten Bereich
wird durch zahlreiche Verunsicherungen behindert. Der niedergelassene Arzt ist
nicht selten unzureichend vertraut mit der komplexen Materie und wendet sich an
die Verordnungsberatung der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung. Typische
Fragen zur parenteralen Ernährung betreffen die Indikation, die
wirtschaftliche Verordnungsweise von Ernährungsprodukten, von
Hilfsmitteln und Verbandstoffen und auch von häuslicher Krankenpflege.
Somit geht es um Evidenz, aber auch um Transparenz und Rechtsicherheit bei der
Anwendung von Dreikammerbeuteln (60-70 % der Anwendungen) und durch
compounding individuell zubereitete Ernährungsbeutel (30-40 %
der Anwendungen). Antworten auf diese Fragen sollen im folgenden Leitfaden
gegeben werden, der im Auftrag der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung
Baden-Württemberg basierend auf aktuellen S3-Leitlinien zum Thema
erstellt wurde. Auf die Risiken eines Ökonomie-basierten Steuerungsmodel
für heimparenterale Ernährung wird eingegangen, da eine solche
Therapievorgabe eine mögliche Einschränkung von Patientenkomfort
und Patientensicherheit bedeuten kann. Der Leitfaden bietet dem niedergelassenen
Arzt nicht nur in Baden-Württemberg eine alternative Orientierung zur
praktischen Durchführung der heimparenteralen Ernährung.
Infusionstherapien, die den in diesem Leitfaden genannten Behandlungskriterien
entsprechen und deren Indikationsstellung, Kontrolle und notwendige Dauer
patientenbezogen durch ausreichende Dokumentation nachgewiesen werden kann,
gelten in der Regel als wirtschaftlich, sagt die Kassenärztlichen
Vereinigung Baden-Württemberg.
NIPEC with Single-Dose Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Paclitaxel in Stage III Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Saldanha Elroy , Desai Sanjay M. , Patel Dhruv G. , Dhakad Vinod , Joseph Bonny , Ghosh Sandeep , Prakash Varun , Deepti Harsha , Monteiro Ashma 
Published: August 2022

Objectives Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous, essentially peritoneal disease. Standard treatment consists of staging, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we intended to assess the effectiveness of single-dose intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC patients.
Materials and Methods A prospective randomized study of 87 patients with advanced EOC was done from January 2017 to May 2021 in a tertiary care center. Patients who underwent primary and interval cytoreduction received a single dose of IP chemotherapy for 24 hours after being divided into four groups: group A, IP cisplatin; group B, IP paclitaxel; group C, IP paclitaxel and cisplatin; and group D, saline. Pre- and postperitoneal IP cytology was assessed along with possible complications.
Statistical Analysis Logistic regression analysis was used to assess for intergroup significance in cytology and complications. Kaplan–Meir analysis was done to assess disease-free survival (DFS).
Results Of 87 patients, 17.2% of patients had FIGO stage IIIA, 47.2% had IIIB, and 35.6% had IIIC. Also, 22 (25.3%) patients were in group A (cisplatin), 22 (25.3%) patients in group B (paclitaxel), 23 (26.4%) in group C (cisplatin and paclitaxel), and 20 (23%) in group D (saline). Cytology samples taken during staging laparotomy were positive, and 48 hours post-IP chemotherapy, 2 (9%) of 22 samples in cisplatin group and 14 (70%) of 20 samples in saline group were positive; all of the post-IP samples in groups B and C were negative. No major morbidity was noted. In our study, DFS in saline group was 15 months, while in IP chemotherapy group it was 28 months and was statistically significant based log-rank test. However, there was no significant difference in DFS between different IP chemotherapy groups.
Conclusion Complete or optimal CRS in advanced EOC does have a possibility of microscopic peritoneal residue. Adjuvant locoregional strategies should be considered to prolong DFS. Single-dose normothermic IP chemotherapy can be offered to the patients with minimal morbidity, and its prognostic benefits are comparable to hyperthermic IP chemotherapy. Future clinical trials are required to validate these protocols.
Spontaneous Migration of Intraperitoneal Mesh into Rectum following Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Patil Aruna R. , Bhat Ravishankar , Basavarajappa Madhusudhana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a rare case of spontaneous migration of mesh into the anal canal 6 years after laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh placement for ventral hernia. Mesh migration is an uncommon phenomenon with an unclear etiology and is probably attributed to prolonged subclinical infection or foreign body reaction. This is probably the first case in literature to our knowledge, where composite mesh was migrated into the anal canal after a laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh placement and was retrieved in a natural way without surgical intervention.
Compression of the Distal Common Bile Duct by Enlarged Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Branches in a Patient with Celiac Trunk Stenosis: A Case Report
Authors: Çolaklar Anıl , Kuru Öz Diğdem , Erden Ayşe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVarious benign and malignant pathologies/conditions can cause compression of the extrahepatic biliary system. Anatomical and/or topographic variations of the hepatic artery have long been recognized as a possible cause of the EBS compression. However, anatomical and/or topographic variations, other than the hepatic artery's, should also be considered during the evaluation of the EBS compression. We, herein, report a unique case of the distal common bile duct compression by tortuous and enlarged inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery branches due to severe stenosis of the celiac trunk orifice.
The Utility of the Marshmallow Barium Swallow Esophagogram for Investigation of Ineffective Esophageal Motility: A Systematic and Narrative Review
Authors: Wilson H. , Mocanu V. , Wong C. , Karmali S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objectives Current gold standard investigations to determine the pathology of ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) are invasive and resource-intensive. Marshmallow barium swallow esophagogram (MBSE) is emerging as a more feasible modality; however, our understanding of its role in the clinical setting is limited. Our aim was to appraise the current literature and describe the effectiveness and limitations of MBSE as a potential diagnostic tool when investigating the pathological cause of IEM.
Methods A search in PubMed was conducted on May 23, 2021. Search terms included “marshmallow” AND “barium.” We included all studies which examined MBSE in the context of esophageal disease. The primary outcome of interest was to characterize the use of MBSE in current literature.
Results A total of 12 studies were retrieved after initial search with 9 studies meeting final inclusion criteria. A total of 375 patients were included, with 296 patients (79%) having a relevant diagnosis or symptom prompting investigation with MBSE. The most common diagnoses included referral to a gastroenterology clinic for a barium swallow (44%), post-Angelchik insertion (23%), and dysphagia (13%). Esophageal disease was identified in both the MBSE and other screening tests in 63% participants, whereas in 27% participants abnormalities were only seen using the MBSE.
Conclusion There is currently limited high-quality evidence on the use of MBSE to diagnose IEM. Further large-scale studies comparing its use in patients with different pathologic causes of IEM and of older age are required to further delineate the optimal delivery of this emerging diagnostic modality.
The usefulness of a checklist approach-based confirmation scheme in identifying unreliable COVID-19-related health information: a case study in Japan
Authors: Tanemura Nanae , Chiba Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsumers are increasingly able to easily access health information online about food products. However, consumers have difficulty identifying reliable health information from diverse sources along with information about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic because the inundation of information (both true and false) overwhelm consumers. We investigated the usefulness of a checklist confirmation scheme for identifying unreliable COVID-19-related health information. Data were collected from June 30–July 1, 2021. First, we measured 700 participants’ baseline health literacy levels by having them read unreliable health information about the efficacy of green tea intake in preventing COVID-19 based on the results of animal experimentation. Second, participants read an explanation with a five-step flowchart of how to identify reliable health information. Thereafter, we remeasured participants’ health literacy levels. To identify the factors hindering the effect of the confirmation scheme, a logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 77.9% (293/376) of those with low health literacy levels at baseline still had low literacy after the intervention. The factor that hindered the confirmation scheme’s usefulness was benefit perceptions of food ingredients (OR: 0.493; 95% CI: 0.252–0.966). Consumers with higher benefit perceptions of a target product faced more difficulties using the confirmation scheme effectively. Therefore, the most effective strategies involve filtering information at the organizational level rather than the individual level, which should help consumers correctly identify misinformation concerning food and health and promote accurate decision-making.
Piezoelectric bimorph MEMS speakers
Authors: Lang Yiming , Liu Chengze , Fawzy Ahmed , Sun Chen , Gong Shaobo , Zhang Menglun 
Published: August 2022

One of the key requirements for MEMS speakers is to increase the sound pressure level (SPL) while keeping the size as small as possible. In this paper we present a MEMS speaker based on piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers that produces a higher SPL than conventional unimorph cantilever speakers. The active diaphragm size is 1.4 × 1.4 mm2. The bimorph cantilevers are connected in parallel to make full use of the actuation voltage. At 1 kHz, the measured SPL reached 73 dB and the peak SPL reached 102 dB at the resonance frequency of 10 kHz in a 711 ear simulator under a driving voltage of 10 Vrms. The total harmonic distortion of the MEMS speaker was less than 3% in the range from 100 Hz to 20 kHz. Although the absolute SPL was not the highest, this work provides a better SPL for all piezoelectric MEMS speakers.