bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Endoscopic Cap Electrode for Posterior Cricoarythenoid Muscle Stimulation in a Porcine Model
Authors: Leonhard Matthias , Plasenzotti Roberto , Vogel Wolfgang , Denny William , Schneider‐Stickler Berit 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveLaryngeal pacing (LP) is a highly anticipated therapeutic option for patients suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis with synkinesis. Identification of candidate patients requires confirmation of a stimulable posterior cricoidarythenoid muscle (PCA) by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). A silicone endoscopic cap electrode (ECE50) was designed to be operated as an endoscopic extension tip for selective PCA stimulation and confirmation of a glottic opening movement in a setting comparable to a gastroscopy procedure.MethodsA porcine animal model (n = 6) was applied to develop and test endoscopic cap prototypes in general anesthesia and sedation at a biomedical research center. Two ENT endoscopy experts evaluated and refined the cap design and performance in regard to procedure safety, endoscope handling, accessibility of the PCA by the transoral approach and selective muscle stimulation.ResultsVocal fold opening movements could be evoked by the investigators in 9 of 12 PCA muscles to stimulate with similar electric parameters. The endoscopic approach using the ECE50 proved to be atraumatic and sufficiently controlled under sedation to locate the required hotspot for NMES of the PCA.ConclusionThe functionality of the novel endoscopic cap concept has been proven in a porcine model. It can be expected to be transferable to human application and to be of diagnostic importance in the screening and identification of LP candidate patients in future.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:2279–2284, 2023
“Alexa, lock my front door”: An empirical study on factors affecting consumer's satisfaction with VCA‐controlled security devices
Authors: Moriuchi Emi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVoice conversation agents (VCAs) have moved beyond simple tasks such as information gathering. The integration of VCAs in smart technologies for security has grown in the consumer market. This paper investigates consumers' motivation to use smart technologies controlled by voice conversational agents and how that impacts their perceived hedonic and utilitarian value, which eventually leads to their satisfaction with smart technologies usage. Two cross‐sectional studies and a netnography were conducted. The findings showed that the variables measuring technology acceptance mediate the relationship between consumers' motivation and the perceived value of the VCA‐controlled smart technologies. Study 1 results show that ease of use and usefulness of the VCA‐controlled smart technologies have a more substantial mediating effect between motivation and hedonic value than utilitarian value. For study 2, results show that the mediators had a stronger influence on hedonic and utilitarian values for outdoor voice conversational agent‐controlled smart technologies than indoor smart technologies. Study 3 showed that smart technologies have both risks and benefits and depend on whether they are being used for themselves or others. The results suggest that marketers need to consider consumer's emphasis on the products' features including its ease of use and usefulness, and strategically complement it with consumers' prevention and promotion focus for each product.
Einfach Moleküle verknüpfen – egal wie komplex
Authors: Gerling‐Driessen Ulla , Hackenberger Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDer diesjährige Chemienobelpreis geht zu gleichen Teilen an Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten P. Meldal und K. Barry Sharpless für „die Entwicklung der Klick‐Chemie und der bioorthogonalen Chemie“.
Jüdische Chemikerinnen zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Boeck Gisela , Herrmann‐Dresel Eva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWeder Alter noch Geschlecht spielten eine Rolle – wer keinen „Arier‐Nachweis“ erbringen konnte, musste damit rechnen, dem Nazisystem zum Opfer zu fallen. Als Rechtfertigung nutzten die Nazis häufig das Gesetz zur Wiederherstellung des Berufsbeamtentums vom 7. April 1933. Dies betraf auch die Chemikerinnen Wera Krilitschewsky, Anna Hamburger und Gertrud Kornfeld.
Endlich selbst experimentieren
Authors: Schilling Monja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUm Schüler:innen für die Chemie zu begeistern, hat das JCF‐Team Science & Education den Chemie‐Escape‐Room ChemEscape entwickelt. Nun steht das Experimentier‐Spiel im deutschsprachigen Raum zur Verfügung.
On Bhattacharyya relative entropy in a homogenization of composite materials
Authors: Kamiński Marcin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main idea of this work is an application of relative entropy in the numerical analysis of probabilistic divergence between original material tensors of the composite constituents and its effective tensor in the presence of material uncertainties. The homogenization method is based upon the deformation energy of the representative volume elements for the fiber‐reinforced and particulate composites and uncertainty propagation begins with elastic moduli of the fibers, particles, and composite matrices. Relative entropy follows a mathematical model originating from Bhattacharyya probabilistic divergence and has been applied here for Gaussian distributions. The semi‐analytical probabilistic method based on analytical integration of polynomial bases obtained via the least squares method fittings enables for determination of the basic probabilistic characteristics of the effective tensor and the relative entropies. The methodology invented in this work may be extended toward other probability distributions and relative entropies, for homogenization of nonlinear composites and also accounting for some structural interface defects.
Multiscale modeling and analysis for some special additive noises driven stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Zhang Shan , Li Mengnan , Guan Xiaofei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with some special additive noises driven stochastic partial differential equations with multiscale parameters. Then, the constraint energy minimizing generalized multiscale finite element method with a novel multiscale spectral representation of the noise is constructed to solve the multiscale models. The corresponding convergence analysis and error estimates are derived, and the effects of noises on the accuracy of the multiscale computation are demonstrated. Some numerical examples are provided to validate our theoretic analysis, and numerical results show the highly efficient computational performance of our method, which is a beneficial attempt to deal with the noises in the complex multiscale stochastic physical system.
Safe adaptive learning algorithm with neural network implementation for H∞ control of nonlinear safety‐critical system
Authors: Qin Chunbin , Wang Jinguang , Zhu Heyang , Xiao Qiyang , Zhang Dehua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this article, the safe control problem of continuous‐time affine nonlinear safety‐critical systems is studied based on the barrier function (BF) and adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). We show that the safety constraints in this article occur under the condition that the system initial state is unsafe and have not been adequately addressed in the existing work. First, the control problem is transformed into a zero‐sum game problem, and a new safe Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equation is proposed by combining with the BF, which makes the unsafe behavior be punished in the learning process. In addition, a damping coefficient is introduced into the BF to punish the unsafe behavior more flexibly. Aiming at the requirement that the initial system state must be strictly constrained in the safe set, a new weight updating method based on ADP is proposed, which can reasonably avoid the influence of the BF on neural network (NN) parameters when the initial system state is unsafe. Furthermore, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the system states of safety‐critical systems and the NN parameters are uniformly ultimately bounded under the safety constraints and disturbances effect. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two simulation examples.
Innovation and profitability following antitrust intervention against a dominant platform: The wild, wild west?
Authors: Thatchenkery Sruthi , Katila Riitta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study examines whether “unblocking” competition through antitrust intervention against a dominant platform can spur complementor innovation in platform ecosystems. Using a novel dataset on enterprise infrastructure software and a difference‐in‐differences design, we examine the relation between the U.S. antitrust intervention against Microsoft (dominant enterprise platform) and subsequent innovation and profitability of infrastructure applications firms (complementors). The data show that innovation among complementors—particularly ones with low market share—soared when the competitive pressure on the dominant platform amplified. However, the profitability of these complementors dropped. Our results contribute to understanding links between competition and innovation in platform ecosystems, as well as the opportunities and threats related to dominant platforms in those ecosystems.Managerial SummaryComplementors (apps, services) that are owned by their platforms often have an unfair advantage. Antitrust action challenges the power of such dual platform‐complementors, reasoning that unfair advantage blocks fair competition, and, in turn, reduces firms' incentives to innovate and thus limits consumer choice. We examine whether reducing anticompetitive barriers and platform‐complementors' power revitalizes the platform ecosystem. Using a landmark antitrust case, we find mixed results: while complementors do innovate more, their profits go down. In particular, the low‐share complementors that bring in the most innovation are also the ones that lose the most financially, suggesting that they may have over‐relied on the platform for key assets. To develop a healthy ecosystem in the long run, platform owners may want to resist the temptation to keep complementors weak and instead help support their development to stand on their own.
Superaerophobic Resin‐Grafted rGO Aerogel with Boosted Product Removal Delivering High‐Performance Hydrogen Release at Ultrahigh Storage Density
Authors: Zhang Qian , Jiang Bo , Wang Bingsen , He Nan , Liu Kun , Tang Dawei , Li Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLiquid hydrogen carriers featuring high hydrogen content, safety, and hydrogen release on demand have motivated great endeavors for sustainable hydrogen supply. Nonetheless, direct hydrogen release is limited by the ultralow hydrogen evolution rate, while the conventional manner of extra additive and solvent addition for promoting rates greatly deteriorates its hydrogen storage density. Thus, it is still challenging to simultaneously satisfy high‐performance hydrogen release and high storage density. Herein, an aerophobicity surface‐based gas–liquid interface reaction strategy is proposed, which renders rapid product removal to promote dehydrogenation, fundamentally circumventing the employment of additives and solvents. Accordingly, a hierarchically porous resin‐grafted reduced graphene oxide aerogel is designed. It imparts superaerophobic surface to facilitate product detachment from reactive sites, and the structure‐oriented interface reaction design provides product diffusion channels and reduced diffusion resistance. As a result, the aerogel harvests a record hydrogen evolution rate (347 mmol g−1 h−1) in an ultrahigh‐density formic acid of 19.8 g L−1, around two times the rate promotion and ten times the density improvement compared to the state‐of‐the‐art materials and systems. The strategy presents an approach for the dehydrogenation of liquid hydrogen carriers, e.g., formic acid, formaldehyde, and hydrazine hydrate, concurrently ensuring high‐performance hydrogen release and high hydrogen storage density.
High‐Performance Directional Water Transport Using a Two‐Dimensional Periodic Janus Gradient Structure
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Zhang Bao Yue , Wang Guilian , Sun Yunna , Wu Chaofeng , Ding Guifu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNumerous materials in micro‐ or nanoscale hierarchical structures with surface gradients serve as the enablers in directional liquid transportation. However, concurrent high‐speed and long‐range liquid transport is yet to be fully realized so far. Here, an overall‐improved approach is achieved in both water transport distance and velocity aspects using a 2D periodic Janus gradient structure, which is inspired by the Janus‐wettable desert beetle back, tapered asymmetric cacti spine, and periodic Nepenthes alata microcavity. This 2D channel can efficiently regulate the kinetics of liquid transport within its confined structure, in which the terminal potential well and periodic Janus topological structure enable sustaining water propelling through a long distance. In addition, the rapidly formed aqueous film facilitates a high initial momentum and fast transport of liquid droplets along the channel, achieving an averaged velocity of over 400 mm s−1 and a maximum normalized transport distance of 23.4 for a 3 µL droplet, as well as an ultralow liquid volume loss of 6.02% upon high‐flux water transport. This scalable, controllable, and easy‐fabricable 2D water transport system provides an insightful pathway in realizing high‐performance water manipulation and possibly facilitates substantial innovative applications in multidisciplinary fields.
Evidence of a sudden increase in α‐chloralose poisoning in dogs and cats in the Netherlands between 2018 and 2021
Authors: Dijkman Marieke A. , Robben Joris H. , van Riel Antoinette J. H. P. , de Lange Dylan W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfter changes in European Union biocide legislation, the Dutch Poisons Information Center observed a strong increase in information requests concerning dogs and cats exposed to α‐chloralose. To investigate whether α‐chloralose‐based rodenticides are safe for non‐professional use, additional information regarding poisoning scenarios and clinical course was collected.MethodsVeterinarians reporting α‐chloralose exposure over a 2.5‐year period were contacted by mail for follow‐up information concerning exposure scenario, product formulation, clinical course and treatment, and outcome. In total, information was collected for 96 dogs and 41 cats.ResultsFifty‐three of 96 dogs and 17 of 19 cats known to have been exposed to α‐chloralose‐based rodenticides developed signs of central nervous system (CNS) depression or sensory‐induced CNS excitation. Mortality in dogs and cats following exposure was 1% and 18%, respectively. An additional 22 cats presented with clinical signs suggestive of α‐chloralose poisoning, with a mortality of 5%.LimitationsExposure to α‐chloralose was not confirmed by biochemical analyses.ConclusionDogs and especially cats were at risk of poisoning from α‐chloralose. If criteria such as acute toxicity and risk of (secondary) poisoning are applied during the approval of α‐chloralose‐based rodenticides, similar to anticoagulant‐based rodenticides, it can be concluded that α‐chloralose is also not safe for non‐professional use.
Social determinants of incidence, outcomes, and interventions of cardiovascular disease risk factors in American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Leung Eric , Parker Tassy , Kelley Allyson , Blankenship James C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs). Despite copious research on CVD incidence and outcome discrepancies, a social determinants of health (SDOH) focused framework on CVD risk factors and health outcomes in AIAN populations has not been undertaken. This paper presents the following: (1) a review of the literature on SDOH and CVD in AIAN populations, (2) a summary on intersectionality as it relates to SDOH and CVD, (3) a framework for conceptualizing CVD risks, interventions, structural determinants, and health equity, (4) a summary of potential interventions to address CVD in AIANs, and (5) a discussion about future work. Common SDOH themes across the CVD risk factors in AIANs are income‐related obstacles, healthcare access, structural racism, discrimination, and failed colonial policies. Colonization of AIAN populations has resulted in social, political, and economic disadvantages, manifesting as systemic socioeconomic disadvantage and unequal access through elevated poverty rates, lower educational attainment, mental health challenges, and decreased healthcare access. These extensive social factors have a multifactorial effect across several CVD risk factors; all ultimately result in elevated CVD morbidity and mortality. Addressing SDOH and diminishing disparities is essential to facilitating improved CVD outcomes for AIANs.
Thermo‐mechanical interactions in a rotating nonlocal functionally graded transversely isotropic elastic half‐space
Authors: Barak M.S. , Dhankhar Priti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current research work deals with the analysis of disturbances induced in a rotating, nonlocal, functionally graded (nonhomogeneous), transversely isotropic thermoelastic half‐space due to the application of a mechanical load in the context of Lord–Shulman theory. Material properties are assumed to be graded along z‐direction and the normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expressions of the normal displacement, stress components, and temperature field. The profiles of field variables are computed numerically and limned graphically. The graphical results indicate that the nonlocal parameter, material's anisotropy, nonhomogeneity parameter, rotation parameter, and time have significant effects on all the physical fields. Certain particular cases of interest have also been deduced from the current investigation.
Introduction to the Bayes Factor and Decision Analysis
Authors: Bozza Silvia , Taroni Franco , Biedermann Alex 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of statistics in forensic science, with an emphasis on the Bayesian perspective and the role of the Bayes factor in logical inference and decision. The chapter introduces the reader to three key topics that forensic scientists commonly encounter and that are treated in this book: model choice, evaluation and investigation. For each of these themes, Bayes factors will be developed in later chapters and discussed using practical examples. Particular attention will be given to the distinction between feature- and score-based Bayes factors, representing different approaches to deal with input information (i.e., measurements). This introductory chapter also provides theoretical background that analysts might need during data analysis, including elements of forensic interpretation, computational methods, decision theory, prior elicitation and sensitivity analysis.
Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Jia , Mi Ruihua , Chen Lin , Guo Xiaoli , Liang Taotao , Yin Qingsong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs an immunomodulatory agent with antitumor activity, lenalidomide has been evaluated for its value in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We performed a meta-analysis to gain a better understanding of the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in DLBCL. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched up to March 2022 for potential studies. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by the fixed/random effects model. Overall, 6 randomized controlled trials including 1938 patients were included. The complete response rate (CRR) of the group containing lenalidomide was 47.7% (95%CI 28.5–67.2%), which was higher than the 37.8% (95%CI 16.7–61.5%) of the control group without lenalidomide (RR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.03–1.20,P = 0.008). The overall estimation of survival showed a benefit for progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.77, 95%CI 0.66–0.90,P = 0.001) but not overall survival (OS) or event-free survival (EFS). The lenalidomide group had a significant incidence of grade ≥ 3 hematological adverse events (AEs) involving neutropenia (RR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.15–2.11,P = 0.004) and febrile neutropenia (RR = 1.81, 95%CI 1.31–2.49,P < 0.001), with the incidence of neutropenia (48.3%, 95%CI 37.5–59.1%) being highest. In conclusion, addition of lenalidomide results in a higher CRR and better PFS but a higher incidence of grade ≥ 3 hematological AEs involving neutropenia and febrile neutropenia.
The old, the new, or the old made new? Everyday counter-narratives of the so-called fourth agricultural revolution
Authors: Rose David Christian , Barkemeyer Anna , de Boon Auvikki , Price Catherine , Roche Dannielle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrevalent narratives of agricultural innovation predict that we are once again on the cusp of a global agricultural revolution. According to these narratives, this so-called fourth agricultural revolution, or agriculture 4.0, is set to transform current agricultural practices around the world at a quick pace, making use of new sophisticated precision technologies. Often used as a rhetorical device, this narrative has a material effect on the trajectories of an inherently political and normative agricultural transition; with funding, other policy instruments, and research attention focusing on the design and development of new precision technologies. A growing critical social science literature interrogates the promises of revolution. Engagement with new technology is likely to be uneven, with benefits potentially favouring the already powerful and the costs falling hardest on the least powerful. If grand narratives of change remain unchallenged, we risk pursuing innovation trajectories that are exclusionary, failing to achieve responsible innovation. This study utilises a range of methodologies to explore everyday encounters between farmers and technology, with the aim of inspiring further work to compile the microhistories that can help to challenge robust grand narratives of change. We explore how farmers are engaging with technology in practice and show how these interactions problematise a simple, linear notion of innovation adoption and use. In doing so, we reflect upon the contribution that the study of everyday encounters can make in setting more inclusionary, responsible pathways towards sustainable agriculture.