bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa) var. Nashik Red
Authors: Preethi Kalle , Kerketta Anita , Bahadur Vijay , Rajkumar Sanam 
Published: August 2022

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) var. Nashik Red during 2021-2022 in Rabi season (Nov-Apr) at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh). Total 13 treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The results showed that treatment T4 (75% NPK + 25% Poultry manure) was recorded maximum in growth and quality parameters i.e., plant height (62.29 cm), maximum number of leaves (10.38), maximum TSS (14.58 0Brix) and maximum ascorbic content of (12.49).whereas, the yield parameters were maximum in treatment T8 (50% NPK + 50% Poultry manure) was recorded with maximum weight of fresh bulb weight (181.70 g), maximum weight of cured bulb (168.07 g), maximum bulb diameter (8.63 cm), maximum yield per plot (23.09 kg) and maximum yield per hectare (15.36 t).
An Overview on Phenomics Applications in Different Agriculture Disciplines
Authors: J. Hilli Harshavardan 
Published: August 2022

In the past ten years, ground and aerial platforms with several sensors have been rapidly adopted for phenotyping diverse biotic, abiotic stressors and other characters during the crop plant's growth stages. An increase in yield achieved from traditional breeding programs worldwide are no longer sufficient to meet the projected demand for the three major cereals like Rice, Wheat and Maize. Thus the phenomics application which includes high throughput phenotyping (HTP) i.e artificial intelligence based techniques should be bought over traditional phenotyping in order to meet the needy demands of traditional ones. Also Artificial intelligence (AI)-based data analysis techniques can increase the reliability of diagnoses and, as a result, be included into instruments for effective treatment. These methods find pertinent data for use in plant breeding and pathology activities by using feature extraction, identification, classification, and prediction criteria as well as for precision breeding. This approach has various applications in various agriculture disciplines. The main steps under such techniques includes: Image acquisition, Preprocessing of images, segmentation of images, Image Representation and Description and Image recognition. The use of these helps to speed up genetic progress and lessen the phenotyping drawbacks.
Role of IL-18 in Comparison to Serum Creatinine in Early Detection of Sepsis Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Emergency Department in Suez Canal University Hospital
Authors: Mossalem Ahmed Magdi , M. Abdelgeleel Nashwa , Elaal Mohamed Fawzy Abd , Abdelgawad Mohamed Ibrahim , Zeid Ahmed El Sayed Abou 
Published: August 2022

Background: Septic acute kidney injury is a syndrome of acute impairment of function and organ damage linked with long-term adverse outcomes depending on the extent of acute injury superimposed on underlying organ reserve. Sepsis is the most important cause of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in the renal cortex, peritubular capillaries, and interstitium.
Aim: To assess the role of IL-18 in comparison to serum creatinine in the early detection of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in the Emergency Department (ED) at Suez Canal University Hospital.
Subjects and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study that included two groups of participants. Study group: patient diagnosed with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury attending to the ED at Suez Canal University Hospital. Control group: healthy individuals of the same age group. Patients were clinically assessed and managed by the ABCDE protocol. All patients were subjected to Initial assessment including History, clinical examination, and laboratory investigation, including urinary IL-8.
Results: Cases had statistically significant higher urinary IL-18 compared to controls (121.97 ± 75.84 vs 69.07 ± 35.59) (p<0.001). IL-18, a value of 69.5 IU/L was found to be the best cut-off point for the prediction of sepsis-induced AKI among cases, with sensitivity = 6 and 5% specificity = 57.5%.
Conclusion: Urinary IL-18 can be used as an early predictor for AKI than serum creatinine in patients presenting with sepsis.
UMA FLOR CHAMADA DESEJO: o Brasil e o poder na Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Santos Vieira de Jesus Diego 
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a decisão brasileira de fortalecer a cooperação com Estados de Língua Portuguesa a partir da década de 1990. O argumento central aponta que os objetivos do Brasil eram racionalizar o exercício de seu poder sobre áreas do mundo em desenvolvimento e ampliar sua oportunidade de voz em fóruns multilaterais e nas negociações com blocos regionais, como a União Europeia. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brasil, política externa, Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, relações internacionais.A FLOWER CALLED DESIRE: Brazil and power in Portuguese Language Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus This paper aims at analyzing the Brazilian decision of strengthening the cooperation with other Portuguese speaking countries from the 1990s on. The central argument points out that Brazil aimed at rationalizing the exercise of its power over areas under development and expanding the opportunity of being heard in multilateral forums and in the negotiations with regional blocs, as for example with the European Union. KEYWORDS: Brazil, foreign policy, Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, international relations.UNE FLEUR APPELÉE DÉSIR: le Brésil et la force de la Portuguese Language Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus Le but de cet article est d’analyser la décision prise par le Brésil de renforcer la coopération avec les autres pays lusophones à partir des années 1990. Il y est montré que les objectifs du Brésil étaient de rationaliser l’exercice de son pouvoir sur les régions du monde en développement et d’avoir l’occasion de mieux se faire entendre dans les réunions multilatérales ainsi qu’au sein des négociations avec les blocs régionaux tel que l’Union européenne. MOTS-CLÉS: Brésil, politique étrangère, Communauté des pays de langue portugaise,relations internationales. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
CÓDIGO FLORESTAL, FUNÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DA TERRA E SOBERANIA ALIMENTAR
Authors: Sauer Sérgio N , França Franciney Carreiro de 
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir alterações do Código Florestal, especialmente as propostas de mudanças nas noções de Reserva Legal e Área de Preservação Permanente (APP), em processo de rediscussão no Congresso, após sanção presidencial com vetos no texto aprovado na Câmara em 25 de abril de 2012. Para suprir lacunas da nova Lei, o Executivo Federal editou a Medida Provisória (MP) 571/2012, que retoma a discussão da matéria. Tanto dispositivos da nova Lei como alterações propostas ao texto da MP geram insegurança alimentar e visam a eliminar a função socioambiental da terra. A motivação das mudanças não está relacionada à sustentabilidade ambiental ou às mudanças climáticas, temas fundamentais na agenda mundial, mas parte do princípio de que a natureza é um empecilho ao desenvolvimento. Este artigo resgata as principais alterações no Código Florestal relacionadas à Reserva Legal e às APPs, estabelecendo relações (impactos negativos) com a função socioambiental da terra e a soberania alimentar.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Código ambiental, função socioambiental da terra, segurança alimentar, sustentabilidadePublicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.brPublicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
Cybernetic Model for the Growth of Saccharomycescerevisiae on Melibiose
Authors: Gadgil Chetan J. , Bhat P. J. , Venkatesh K. V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCybernetic modeling has traditionally been used in the modeling of microbial growth on multiple substrates. In this paper, cybernetic modeling has been applied to serve as a model for growth on substrates such as melibiose, which are disaccharides and enzymatically degrade to a monosaccharide mixture in the fermentation broth. The enzyme α‐galactosidase has been shown to be strongly induced in the presence of galactose and severely repressed by glucose. In the present model, the relative concentration of α‐galactosidase has been linked to that of the key enzyme for galactose metabolism. The enzymatic degradation process is placed under the control of the cybernetic variables. The maximum rate of melibiose degradation vm and the Monod parameters for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on pure glucose and galactose were estimated by batch growth experiments. S. cerevisiae growth on melibiose and a mixture of melibiose and glucose under a variety of preculturing conditions was simulated. Depending on the rate of enzymatic degradation (i.e., the value of vm), the cell mass profile for microbial growth on a disaccharide can resemble profiles for growth on a single substrate (melibiose) or can resemble diauxie growth. Experiments indicate that the model is able to accurately predict the cell mass profiles for yeast growth.
How Is Enzymatic Selectivity of Menthol Esterification Catalyzed by Surfactant‐Coated Lipase Determined in Organic Media?
Authors: Kamiya Noriho , Goto Masahiro 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA kinetic study of menthol esterification reaction catalyzed by surfactant‐coated lipase (from Candida rugosa) has been conducted in dry isooctane. The kinetic characteristics observed in the enantioselective esterification of menthol with lauric acid (C12) was found to conform to a ping‐pong bi−bi mechanism with dead‐end inhibition by excess menthol. According to the mechanism we determined the maximum reaction velocity (Vmax), Michaelis constants (Km(fatty acid) and Km(menthol)), and the inhibition constant (Ki) . Results have shown that the constant values Km and Ki of (+) ‐menthol are comparable with the corresponding values of the (−) ‐isomer. However, there was significant difference in the Vmax values between the two enantiomers; the Vmax involving the (−) ‐isomer was a 100‐fold faster than that of the (+) ‐isomer. The results suggest that the lipase should recognize the chirality of menthol molecule not in the binding process to the hydrophobic pocket of the lipase but in the nucleophilic attack of the OH group in (−) ‐menthol. To assess the substrate specificity of C. rugosa lipase for carboxylic acids, the effect of fatty acids of varying chain lengths (C14, C16) on esterification kinetics have been studied using the (−) ‐menthol. We found that fatty acids exhibit different Km values, whereas their Vmax values are invariably similar. The results have indicated that the catalytic activity of the surfactant‐coated lipase for different fatty acid largely depends on the binding behavior of a fatty acid to the active site of the coated enzyme and this action is independent of the acylation step of the (−) ‐isomer by an acyl−enzyme intermediate.
Flux Calculation Using Metabolic Control Constraints
Authors: Liao James C. , Delgado Javier 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPrediction of metabolic fluxes requires the knowledge of reaction stoichiometry and the overall reaction kinetics including various regulatory mechanisms. Lacking the complete reaction kinetics, one often uses available flux measurements or other constraints to calculate the intracellular fluxes. In this article, we show that the flux constraints derived from the dynamic metabolic control theory can be used instead of the kinetics to calculate the fluxes. This approach provides a possibility of predicting the flux distribution in a genetically modified organism using the flux control coefficients and the fluxes determined from the host or the parent strains. It shows that the regulatory constraints can be expressed in terms of the flux control coefficients. This result gives new significance to the flux control coefficients and provides new incentives to determine the flux control coefficients systematically.
Left ventricular function in young adults with childhood and adulthood onset growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Longobardi Salvatore , Cuocolo Alberto , Merola Bartolomeo , Di Rella Francesca , Colao Annamaria , Nicolai Emanuele , Cardei Stefania , Salvatore Marco , Lombardi Gaetano 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVEThe impairment of heart structure and function in adults with childhood onset GH deficiency has been recently described. However, previous echocardiographic studies have reported no differences in cardiac mass and function between adulthood onset GH deficient patients and healthy subjects.DESIGNThe aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac performance in adult patients with childhood and adulthood onset GH deficiency, using equilibrium radionuclide angiography, a method more accurate than echocardiography.PATIENTSEleven patients with childhood onset GH deficiency, 9 patients with adulthood onset GH deficiency and 12 age‐, gender‐, height‐ and weight‐matched healthy subjects entered the study.MEASUREMENTSAll the study population underwent equilibrium radionuclide angiography at rest and during physical exercise.RESULTSBoth childhood and adulthood onset GH deficient patients had an impaired left ventricular systolic performance both at rest (ejection fraction was 55 ± 6%, 55 ± 10% and 66 ± 6% in childhood and adulthood onset GH deficient patients and control group, respectively;P < 0.0001) and during physical exercise (ejection fraction was 54 ± 9% in childhood onset GH deficient patients, 53 ± 9% in adulthood onset GH deficient patients and 76 ± 7% in normal subjects;P < 0.0001). Peak ejection rate was 3.2 ± 0.8 end‐diastolic volume/second, 3.0 ± 0.6 end‐diastolic volume/second and 3.9 ± 0.8 end‐diastolic volume/second in childhood and adulthood onset GH deficient patients and control group, respectively (P < 0.01). Exercise‐induced changes in end‐systolic volume were increased in both groups of patients compared with healthy subjects. In contrast, exercise‐induced end‐diastolic volume changes were not different between GH deficient patients and controls. Resting peak filling rate was 2.6 ± 0.7 end‐diastolic volume/second, 2.5 ± 0.7 end‐diastolic volume/second and 3.1 ± 0.3 end‐diastolic volume/second in the 2 groups of patients and healthy subjects, respectively (P < 0.05). Reduced exercise tolerance in all patients, as shown by the significantly lower values of peak workload (P < 0.0001), peak rate‐pressure product (P < 0.01) and exercise duration (P < 0.0001) was observed.CONCLUSIONPatients affected by GH deficiency have left ventricular systolic dysfunction at rest and during physical exercise, suggesting that GH plays a physiological role in maintaining normal cardiac performance in humans. Furthermore, no difference between childhood and adulthood onset GH deficient patients was found indicating that both group of patients have an impairment of cardiac function.
Review: Relaxin Expressed at the Feto–Maternal Interface
Authors: Klonisch T , Hombach‐Klonisch S 
Published: July 2002

ContentsThe placental expression of relaxin, a member of the insulin‐like family, has been studied in the placenta in various species with different histological types of materno‐fetal interdigitation and trophoblast invasiveness. Placental relaxin expression in these species showed some common features. Relaxin was present in placental areas of intense feto‐maternal nutrition‐ and gas‐exchange and high growth potential, implicating relaxin to be involved in placental metabolism and placental growth. Differentiation of trophoblast cells along various lineage pathways affected relaxin gene activity and an inverse expression pattern of relaxin and MHC class I molecules was observed in equine pseudostratified trophoblast cells. A fall in peripheral plasma concentrations of relaxin prior to abortion appears to indicate impaired materno‐fetal interdigitation which results in insufficient placentation.
X‐ray elemental analysis differentiates blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the chick choroid
Authors: Junghans B M , Wadley R B , Crewther S G , Crewther D P 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: Chick choroidal lymphatics swell rapidly during recovery from form‐deprivation occlusion, leading to the question of functional significance. To date, analysis of lymph in initial lymphatics has been problematic because of the difficulties of access. However, elemental composition can be determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) X‐ray microanalysis. This study investigated whether cryo‐fixation would permit vascular fluids to be analysed in situ. Methods: Two chicks were raised normally and seven were raised with monocular occlusion for 12 days before varying periods of normal visual experience. The eyes were rapidly frozen, fractured and X‐ray spectra obtained from the lumina of lymphatic and blood vessels in a Cambridge S360 SEM. Results: The elemental signatures of Na/Cl/K/P/S distinguished the two vessel types. Conclusions: These results suggest this bulk‐frozen tissue technique can quantify relative changes in elemental species present in various ocular compartments in response to light‐induced changes in the retina.
Does cortical motion adaptation exhibit functional properties analogous to light adaptation in the retina?
Authors: Clifford Colin W G , Wenderoth Peter 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: The retina codes variations in luminance by adapting to and hence discounting, the mean luminance. During adaptation to a moving pattern, perceived speed decreases. Thus we know that the adapted visual system does not simply code the absolute speed of a stimulus. We hypothesize that adaptation to a moving stimulus serves to optimize coding of changes in speed at the expense of maintaining an accurate representation of absolute speed. In this case we would expect discrimination of speeds around the adapted level to be preserved or enhanced by motion adaptation. Methods and results: After adaptation to motion in the same direction as a subsequent test stimulus, seven of eight subjects showed a reduction of perceived speed in the adapted region and seven showed enhanced discrimination. Conclusions: We conclude that motion adaptation preserves or enhances differential speed sensitivity at the expense of an accurate representation of absolute speed in a manner analogous to retinal light adaptation.
Pseudo‐Kaposi’s sarcoma: The association of arterio‐venous malformations with skin lesions resembling Kaposi’s sarcoma
Authors: Smiddy Pf , Molloy Mp , Flanagan N , Barnes L 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARYA patient is described with skin lesions resembling Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Arteriography revealed multiple arteriovenous malformations in the affected limb. This condition has been termed pseudo‐Kaposi’s sarcoma. Although reports of this condition have appeared in dermatological journals, as yet we are unaware of any account in the radiological literature. This paper presents a case and reviews the literature. In suspected cases of KS in which the history or clinical features are atypical, this unusual condition should be considered and a search made for the diagnostic vascular lesions.
Localization of small ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors by transvaginal sonography with color Doppler
Authors: Yanushpolsky E. H. , Brown D. L. , Smith B. L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractColor Doppler ultrasound is a non‐invasive diagnostic modality that has been gaining popularity in the evaluation of gynecological tumors. It demonstrates blood flow in a visually familiar way, and facilitates detection of neovascularity in pelvic tumors. In this article we describe, for the first time, a case in which a small androgen‐producing ovarian tumor was localized by color Doppler ultrasound after other non‐invasive imaging techniques failed. Copyright © 1995 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Scaled field particle theory of the structure and the thermodynamics of isotropic hard particle fluids
Authors: Rosenfeld Yaakov 
Published: July 2002

The pair structure and the thermodynamics of isotropic fluids composed of hard particles of different shapes and concentrations are considered by a new approach which (i) unifies the diagramatic Percus–Yevick theory and the geometric scaled particle theory, and (ii) leads to analytic accurate approximations for the direct correlation functions and cavity distribution functions. The scaled-particle interpolation idea of Reiss et al. is achieved diagramatically, approximating the full expansion of the direct correlation functions by appropriately renormalized low order graphs, in which the size of the field particle (‘‘black circle’’) is scaled. It is shown that the lowest order scaled field particle approximation, involving only pair excluded volumes as variables, and pair overlap volumes as functions, contains the exact solution of the Percus–Yevick integral equation for the general hard sphere mixture in D dimensions. An exact geometric relation obeyed by the excluded volume (covolume) of two fused convex bodies and another single convex body, is used to show that the scaled field particle theory is equivalent to the
scaled particle expansion of the chemical potential in terms of the fundamental measures of the hard particles. This is in contrast to the conventional scaled particle Taylor series expansion in powers of the linear scale of the solute particle. The first order scaled field particle approximation and the ‘‘fundamental measure’’ scaled particle theory become identical when the fluid mixture contains only convex particles. For a D-dimensional (D=odd) hard spheres fluid mixture our new analysis enables to obtain the complete exact solution of the Percus–Yevick integral equation for the structure directly from its compressibility equation of state. This leads to the derivation of simple, analytic, geometric approximations for the direct correlation functions and cavity distribution functions of the general isotropic hard particle fluid, conformal to those for the hard sphere fluid mixture.
Responsible alcohol service: lessons from evaluations of server training and policing initiatives
Authors: STOCKWELL TIM 
Published: July 2002

AbstractResponsible alcohol service programmes have evolved in many countries alongside a general increase in the availability of alcohol and a greater focus on the prevention of alcohol‐related road crashes. They also recognize the reality that a great deal of high‐risk drinking and preventable harm occurs in and around licensed premises or as drinkers make their way home. Early US efficacy studies of programmes which trained managers and barstaff to limit customers' levels of intoxication and prevent drink driving showed promise. Studies of effectiveness of these programmes in the wider community, and in the absence of the enforcement of liquor laws, found little benefit. The data will be interpreted as suggesting that, in reality, skills deficits in the serving of alcohol are not a significant problem compared with the motivational issue for a commercial operation of abiding by laws that are rarely enforced and which are perceived as risking the goodwill of their best customers. Australian, UK and US experiences with liquor law enforcement by police will be discussed along with outcomes from the Australian invention of Alcohol Accords, informal agreements between police, licensees and local councils to trade responsibly. It will be concluded that the major task involved in lifting standards of service and preventing harm is to institutionalize legal and regulatory procedures which impact most on licensed premises. A number of strategies are suggested also for creating a political and social climate which supports the responsible service of alcohol and thereby supports the enactment and enforcement of appropriate liquor laws.