bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bathymetry of Valdivia Bank, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean: Implications for Structure and Geologic History of a Hot Spot Plateau
Authors: Contreras E. , García P. Jiménez , Sager W. W. , Thoram S. , Hoernle K. , Sarralde R. , Zhou H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractValdivia Bank is an oceanic plateau in the South Atlantic formed by hot spot magmatism at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge during the Late Cretaceous. It is part of the Walvis Ridge, an aseismic ridge and seamount chain widely considered to be formed by age‐progressive volcanism from the Tristan‐Gough plume. To better understand the formation and history of this edifice, we developed a bathymetric map of Valdivia Bank by merging available multibeam echosounder data sets with a bathymetry grid based mainly on satellite altimetry (SRTM15+). The bathymetric map reveals previously unresolved features including extensive rift grabens, volcanic mounds and knolls, and large‐scale sediment transport systems. After Valdivia Bank was emplaced and probably eroded at sea level, it underwent a period of rifting, followed by a secondary magmatic pulse that caused regional uplift to sea‐level, followed by subsidence to current depths. Shallow banks at depths of ∼1,000 m are the result of a thick sediment pile atop uplifted volcanic crust. Several shallower mounds (∼1,000–520 m) and a guyot (∼220 m) likely resulted from coral reef growth atop one or more volcanic pedestals formed during the younger Cenozoic magmatic event. As sediments accumulated on the shallow platforms, sediment transport systems developed as gullies, channels and mass transport deposits carved valleys and troughs, shedding sediment into abyssal fans at the plateau base. The new bathymetric map demonstrates that oceanic plateaus are geologically active long after initial emplacement.
Freshwater Flux Variability Lengthens the Period of the Low‐Frequency AMOC Variability
Authors: Liu Fukai , Lu Jian , Kwon Young‐Oh , Frankignoul Claude , Luo Yiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) exhibits interdecadal to multidecadal variability, yet the role of surface freshwater flux (FWF) variability in this AMOC variability remains unclear. This study isolates the contribution of FWF variability in modulating AMOC through a partially coupled experiment, in which the effect of the interactive FWF is disabled. It is demonstrated that the impact of the coupled FWF variability enhances the persistence of density and deep convection anomalies in the Labrador Sea (LS), thus lengthening the period of the AMOC oscillation on multidecadal timescale and suppressing its ∼30‐year periodicity. Further lead‐lag regressions illuminate that the more persistent LS density anomalies are maintained by two mechanisms: (a) The local temperature‐salinity coupling through the evaporation and (b) a downstream propagation along the East Greenland Current of the extra salinity anomaly due to the sea ice melting changes associated with an atmosphere forcing over the southern Greenland tip.
Modeling the Simultaneous Dropout of Energetic Electrons and Protons by EMIC Wave Scattering
Authors: Lyu Xingzhi , Ma Qianli , Tu Weichao , Li Wen , Capannolo Luisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves could cause a simultaneous dropout of radiation belt electrons and ring current protons. However, their effects on the dropout of both plasma populations have not been quantified in previous studies. In this paper, we model the simultaneous dropout of MeV electrons and hundreds of keV protons observed by Van Allen Probes within ∼40 min on 27 February 2014. The wave and particle measurements during the period of most intense EMIC waves at L ∼ 5.2 are used to calculate the quasilinear diffusion coefficients and simulate the evolution of both energetic electrons and protons. Our model well captures the dropout of electrons with energies >1 MeV and pitch angles <75°, and the concurrent dropout of protons with energies >200 keV and pitch angles >40°. This is the first modeling work quantitatively reproducing the simultaneous dropout of both populations due to EMIC wave scattering.
Revealing Crustal Deformation and Strain Rate in Taiwan Using InSAR and GNSS
Authors: Franklin Kathryn R. , Huang Mong‐Han 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInterseismic deformation describes the gradual accumulation of crustal strain within the tectonic plate and along the plate boundaries before the sudden release as earthquakes. In this study, we use 5 years of high spatial and temporal geodetic measurements, including Global Navigation Satellite System and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar to monitor 3‐dimension interseismic crustal deformation and horizontal strain rate in Taiwan. We find significant deformation (strain rate >8 10−6 yr−1) along the plate boundary between the Philippine Sea and the Eurasian Plates in east Taiwan. The high strain rate in the southern part of the Western Foothills is distributed along a few major fault systems, which reveals the geometry of the deformation front in west Taiwan. Our results help identify active faults in southwest and north Taiwan that were not identified before. These findings can be insightful in informing future seismic hazard models.
Supervised Machine Learning of High Rate GNSS Velocities for Earthquake Strong Motion Signals
Authors: Dittmann T. , Liu Y. , Morton Y. , Mencin D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) processed time series capture a broad spectrum of earthquake strong motion signals, but experience regular sporadic noise that can be difficult to distinguish from true seismic signals. The range of possible seismic signal frequencies amidst a high, location‐varying noise floor makes filtering difficult to generalize. Existing methods for automatic detection rely on external inputs to mitigate false alerts, which limit their usefulness. For these reasons, geodetic seismic signal detection makes for a compelling candidate for data‐driven machine learning classification. In this study we generated high rate GNSS time differenced carrier phase (TDCP) velocity time series concurrent in space and time with expected signals from 77 earthquakes occurring over nearly 20 years. TDCP velocity processing has increased sensitivity relative to traditional geodetic displacement processing without requiring sophisticated corrections. We trained, validated and tested a random forest classifier to differentiate seismic events from noise. We find our supervised random forest classifier outperforms the existing detection methods in stand‐alone mode by combining frequency and time domain features into decision criteria. The classifier achieves a 90% true positive rate of seismic event detection within the data set of events ranging from MW4.8–8.2, with typical detection latencies seconds behind S‐wave arrivals. We conclude the performance of this model provides sufficient confidence to enable these valuable ground motion measurements to run in stand‐alone mode for development of edge processing, geodetic infrastructure monitoring and inclusion in operational ground motion observations and models.
Seasonal Structure and Interannual Variation of the South Equatorial Current in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Han Weiqing , Wang Dongxiao , Zhang Lei , Chu Xiaoqing , He Yunkai , Chen Ju 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe South Equatorial Current (SEC) in the south Indian Ocean (SIO) contributes to mass and heat exchanges among the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans. By analyzing satellite and in situ observations, this study examines the seasonal structure and the interannual variability of the SEC. The SEC is mainly part of the Seychelles‐Chagos thermocline ridge (SCTR) circulation during December to April, and is composed of the internal SCTR circulation and the intrusive Indonesian Throughflow during May to November. The SEC thus presents straight and meandering routes in these two periods, respectively. Furthermore, observations and model experiments show that the SEC's meandering route has obvious interannual variability, with exceptional northwestward extension in 1994, 1997, and 2019 during the past three decades. These exceptional routes are caused primarily by extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events, which induce a strengthened westward transport of the fresh water. These exceptional routes thus reflect the abnormal freshening in the SIO. Mooring observations reveal that a significant long‐term freshening event occurred in the SIO from August 2019 to at least July 2020. The persistent low salinity confirms that there is substantial water exchange in the SIO during the extreme positive IOD years.
Correcting Systematic and State‐Dependent Errors in the NOAA FV3‐GFS Using Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Tse‐Chun , Penny Stephen G. , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Frolov Sergey , Pincus Robert , Tulich Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWeather forecasts made with imperfect models contain state‐dependent errors. Data assimilation (DA) partially corrects these errors with new information from observations. As such, the corrections, or “analysis increments,” produced by the DA process embed information about model errors. An attempt is made here to extract that information to improve numerical weather prediction. Neural networks (NNs) are trained to predict corrections to the systematic error in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's FV3‐GFS model based on a large set of analysis increments. A simple NN focusing on an atmospheric column significantly improves the estimated model error correction relative to a linear baseline. Leveraging large‐scale horizontal flow conditions using a convolutional NN, when compared to the simple column‐oriented NN, does not improve skill in correcting model error. The sensitivity of model error correction to forecast inputs is highly localized by vertical level and by meteorological variable, and the error characteristics vary across vertical levels. Once trained, the NNs are used to apply an online correction to the forecast during model integration. Improvements are evaluated both within a cycled DA system and across a collection of 10‐day forecasts. It is found that applying state‐dependent NN‐predicted corrections to the model forecast improves the overall quality of DA and improves the 10‐day forecast skill at all lead times.
Depressive symptoms in cognitively unimpaired older adults are associated with lower structural and functional integrity in a frontolimbic network
Authors: Touron Edelweiss , Moulinet Inès , Kuhn Elizabeth , Sherif Siya , Ourry Valentin , Landeau Brigitte , Mézenge Florence , Vivien Denis , Klimecki Olga M. , Poisnel Géraldine , Marchant Natalie L. , Chételat Gaël ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the Medit-Ageing Research Group, Arenaza-Urquijo Eider M. , Allais Florence , André Claire , Asselineau Julien , Baez Lugo Sebastian , Batchelor Martine , Beaugonin Axel , Bejanin Alexandre , Champetier Pierre , Chocat Anne , Collette Fabienne , Dautricourt Sophie , Ferrand-Devouge Eglantine , De Flores Robin , De La Sayette Vincent , Delamillieure Pascal , Delarue Marion , Deza-Araujo Yacila I. , Esperou Hélène , Felisatti Francesca , Frison Eric , Gheysen Francis , Gonneaud Julie , Heidmann Marc , Huong Tran Thien , Jessen Frank , Krolak-Salmon Pierre , Le Du Gwendoline , Lefranc Valérie , Lutz Antoine , Molinuevo Jose-Luis , Palix Cassandre , Paly Léo , Rauchs Géraldine , Réhel Stéphane , Requier Florence , Salmon Eric , Sanchez Raquel , Schimmer Corinne , Vanhoutte Matthieu , Vuilleumier Patrik , Ware Caitlin , Wirth Miranka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubclinical depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the brain mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unclear. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the brain substrates of subclinical depressive symptoms in cognitively unimpaired older adults using complementary multimodal neuroimaging data. We included cognitively unimpaired older adults from the baseline data of the primary cohort Age-Well (n = 135), and from the replication cohort ADNI (n = 252). In both cohorts, subclinical depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale; based on this scale, participants were classified as having depressive symptoms (>0) or not (0). Voxel-wise between-group comparisons were performed to highlight differences in gray matter volume, glucose metabolism and amyloid deposition; as well as white matter integrity (only available in Age-Well). Age-Well participants with subclinical depressive symptoms had lower gray matter volume in the hippocampus and lower white matter integrity in the fornix and the posterior parts of the cingulum and corpus callosum, compared to participants without symptoms. Hippocampal atrophy was recovered in ADNI, where participants with subclinical depressive symptoms also showed glucose hypometabolism in the hippocampus, amygdala, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and temporoparietal cortex. Subclinical depressive symptoms were not associated with brain amyloid deposition in either cohort. Subclinical depressive symptoms in ageing are linked with neurodegeneration biomarkers in the frontolimbic network including brain areas particularly sensitive to AD. The relationship between depressive symptoms and AD may be partly underpinned by neurodegeneration in common brain regions.
Cellular senescence in ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Chaojin , Zheng Muxu , Hou Hongbiao , Fang Sijian , Chen Liubing , Yang Jing , Yao Weifeng , Zhang Qi , Hei Ziqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, a main reason of mortality and morbidity worldwide, occurs in many organs and tissues. As a result of IR injury, senescent cells can accumulate in multiple organs. Increasing evidence shows that cellular senescence is the underlying mechanism that transforms an acute organ injury into a chronic one. Several recent studies suggest senescent cells can be targeted for the prevention or elimination of acute and chronic organ injury induced by IR. In this review, we concisely introduce the underlying mechanism and the pivotal role of premature senescence in the transition from acute to chronic IR injuries. Special focus is laid on recent advances in the mechanisms as well as on the basic and clinical research, targeting cellular senescence in multi-organ IR injuries. Besides, the potential directions in this field are discussed in the end. Together, the recent advances reviewed here will act as a comprehensive overview of the roles of cellular senescence in IR injury, which could be of great significance for the design of related studies, or as a guide for potential therapeutic target.
Clinical assessment, investigation, diagnosis and initial management of cerebral visual impairment: a consensus practice guide
Authors: Pilling Rachel Fiona , Allen Louise , Bowman Richard , Ravenscroft John , Saunders Kathryn J , Williams Cathy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is a common condition in the UK. Patients with conditions associated with CVI are frequently seen in paediatric ophthalmology clinics offering eye care professionals an opportunity to identify children proactively. In most cases CVI occurs as part of a neurodevelopmental condition or as a feature of multiple and complex disabilities. However, CVI can also be seen in children with apparently typical development. In some cases, high contrast visual acuity is normal and in other cases severely impaired. As such, identification of CVI requires evaluation of aspects of visual performance beyond high contrast acuity and consideration that visual function of those with CVI may fluctuate. Few paediatric ophthalmologists have received formal training in CVI. The detection and diagnosis of CVI varies across the UK and patients report hugely different experiences. A diagnosis of CVI is made based on professional clinical judgement and it is recognised that individual perspectives and local practice in the specific methodologies of assessment will vary. A systematic review and survey of professionals is underway to attempt to reach agreement on diagnostic criteria. Nonetheless, established pathways and published protocols can offer guidance on how a paediatric ophthalmology service can approach assessment of the child with suspected CVI. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of research and clinical practice methods for detecting and diagnosing CVI in a paediatric ophthalmology outpatient setting. It represents current understanding of the topic and acknowledges the evolving nature of both practice and the evidence-base. A rapid literature review was undertaken to identify articles relating to clinical investigation of children with CVI. A focus group of QTVI and subject matter experts from sight loss charities was undertaken to address areas which were not covered by the literature review.
Perception and memory have distinct spatial tuning properties in human visual cortex
Authors: Favila Serra E. , Kuhl Brice A. , Winawer Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReactivation of earlier perceptual activity is thought to underlie long-term memory recall. Despite evidence for this view, it is unclear whether mnemonic activity exhibits the same tuning properties as feedforward perceptual activity. Here, we leverage population receptive field models to parameterize fMRI activity in human visual cortex during spatial memory retrieval. Though retinotopic organization is present during both perception and memory, large systematic differences in tuning are also evident. Whereas there is a three-fold decline in spatial precision from early to late visual areas during perception, this pattern is not observed during memory retrieval. This difference cannot be explained by reduced signal-to-noise or poor performance on memory trials. Instead, by simulating top-down activity in a network model of cortex, we demonstrate that this property is well explained by the hierarchical structure of the visual system. Together, modeling and empirical results suggest that computational constraints imposed by visual system architecture limit the fidelity of memory reactivation in sensory cortex.
The coupling of the hydrated proton to its first solvation shell
Authors: Schröder Markus , Gatti Fabien , Lauvergnat David , Meyer Hans-Dieter , Vendrell Oriol 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Zundel ($${H}_{5}{O}_{2}^{+}$$

H

5

O

2

+

) and Eigen ($${H}_{9}{O}_{4}^{+}$$

H

9

O

4

+

) cations play an important role as intermediate structures for proton transfer processes in liquid water. In the gas phase they exhibit radically different infrared (IR) spectra. The question arises: is there a least common denominator structure that explains the IR spectra of both, the Zundel and Eigen cations, and hence of the solvated proton? Full dimensional quantum simulations of these protonated cations demonstrate that two dynamical water molecules and an excess proton constitute this fundamental subunit. Embedded in the static environment of the parent Eigen cation, this subunit reproduces the positions and broadenings of its main excess-proton bands. In isolation, its spectrum reverts to the well-known Zundel ion. Hence, the dynamics of this subunit polarized by an environment suffice to explain the spectral signatures and anharmonic couplings of the solvated proton in its first solvation shell.
Interactions between Fermi polarons in monolayer WS2
Authors: Muir Jack B. , Levinsen Jesper , Earl Stuart K. , Conway Mitchell A. , Cole Jared H. , Wurdack Matthias , Mishra Rishabh , Ing David J. , Estrecho Eliezer , Lu Yuerui , Efimkin Dmitry K. , Tollerud Jonathan O. , Ostrovskaya Elena A. , Parish Meera M. , Davis Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInteractions between quasiparticles are of fundamental importance and ultimately determine the macroscopic properties of quantum matter. A famous example is the phenomenon of superconductivity, which arises from attractive electron-electron interactions that are mediated by phonons or even other more exotic fluctuations in the material. Here we introduce mobile exciton impurities into a two-dimensional electron gas and investigate the interactions between the resulting Fermi polaron quasiparticles. We employ multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy on monolayer WS2, which provides an ideal platform for determining the nature of polaron-polaron interactions due to the underlying trion fine structure and the valley specific optical selection rules. At low electron doping densities, we find that the dominant interactions are between polaron states that are dressed by the same Fermi sea. In the absence of bound polaron pairs (bipolarons), we show using a minimal microscopic model that these interactions originate from a phase-space filling effect, where excitons compete for the same electrons. We furthermore reveal the existence of a bipolaron bound state with remarkably large binding energy, involving excitons in different valleys cooperatively bound to the same electron. Our work lays the foundation for probing and understanding strong electron correlation effects in two-dimensional layered structures such as moiré superlattices.
Effect of remdesivir post hospitalization for COVID-19 infection from the randomized SOLIDARITY Finland trial
Authors: Nevalainen Olli P. O. , Horstia Saana , Laakkonen Sanna , Rutanen Jarno , Mustonen Jussi M. J. , Kalliala Ilkka E. J. , Ansakorpi Hanna , Kreivi Hanna-Riikka , Kuutti Pauliina , Paajanen Juuso , Parkkila Seppo , Paukkeri Erja-Leena , Perola Markus , Pourjamal Negar , Renner Andreas , Rosberg Tuomas , Rutanen Taija , Savolainen Joni ,   Solidarity Finland Investigators, Ala-Kokko Tero , Antonen Jaakko , Delany Jutta , Ekroos Heikki , Hankkio Riina , Haukipää Mia , Hetemäki Iivo , Holma Pia , Holmberg Ville , Jalkanen Ville , Jouppila Jenni , Jämsänen Toni , Järventie Juuso , Järvinen Petrus , Kauma Heikki , Kilpeläinen Tuomas P. , Komulainen Riitta , Kuitunen Ilari , Lamminmäki Satu M. H. , Mattila Tiina M. , Myllärniemi Marjukka , Mäkinen Laura K. , Mäntylä Jarkko , Määttä Gitte , Niskanen Joni , Nykänen Taina , Nyqvist Miro , Partanen Terhi , Patovirta Riitta-Liisa , Puusti Emmi , Reponen Emma , Risku Sari , Saalasti Mari , Salonen Päivi , Sinisalo Marjatta U. , Sivenius Katariina , Säilä Petrus , Tuominen Susanna , Haukka Jari K. , Guyatt Gordon H. , Tikkinen Kari A. O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report the first long-term follow-up of a randomized trial (NCT04978259) addressing the effects of remdesivir on recovery (primary outcome) and other patient-important outcomes one year after hospitalization resulting from COVID-19. Of the 208 patients recruited from 11 Finnish hospitals, 198 survived, of whom 181 (92%) completed follow-up. At one year, self-reported recovery occurred in 85% in remdesivir and 86% in standard of care (SoC) (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.47-1.90). We infer no convincing difference between remdesivir and SoC in quality of life or symptom outcomes (p > 0.05). Of the 21 potential long-COVID symptoms, patients reported moderate/major bother from fatigue (26%), joint pain (22%), and problems with memory (19%) and attention/concentration (18%). In conclusion, after a one-year follow-up of hospitalized patients, one in six reported they had not recovered well from COVID-19. Our results provide no convincing evidence of remdesivir benefit, but wide confidence intervals included possible benefit and harm.