bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing and occupant health: Findings from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thu , Srivastava Preety , Ye Longfeng , Boymal Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how poor-quality housing affects Vietnamese individuals’ health, measured using the number of sick days, which directly affects productivity and economic growth. Our analysis addresses endogeneity issues generally ignored in previous studies. We provide evidence, robust to various alterations that, the absence of an indoor water tap and homeownership, harmful indoor cooking fuel type, and the poor physical structure of the dwelling have adverse impacts on individuals’ health. Our findings indicate that the adverse effects of housing on health arise from a larger spectrum of housing issues in rural areas compared to urban areas. We also find that the intensity in deprived housing conditions has a non-linear relationship with health, suggesting that even some degree of housing assistance can have a beneficial impact on individuals’ health. Our study provides useful policy guides and informs healthy living practices.
The self-regulation for learning online (SRL-O) questionnaire
Authors: Broadbent Jaclyn , Panadero E. , Lodge J. M. , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Self-Regulation for Learning Online (SRL-O) questionnaire was developed to encompass the breadth of motivational beliefs and learning strategies that are often used in online and/or blended learning contexts. No current measure meets all these needs. This study used two non-duplicate samples to provide evidence of the psychometric properties of SRL-O using exploratory factor analyses (sample 1, n = 313), and confirmatory factor analyses, convergent and content validity and reliability (sample 2, n = 321). The SRL-O has a 10-factor structure, made up of (1) online self-efficacy, (2) online intrinsic motivation, (3) online extrinsic motivation, (4) online negative achievement emotion, (5) planning and time management, (6) metacognition, (7) study environment, (8) online effort regulation, (9) online social support, and (10) online task strategies. The SRL-O was also found to have two superordinate factors (motivational beliefs and learning strategies). The SRL-O was demonstrated to be a psychometrically sound measure of online SRL for learners studying in online and blended learning contexts. There is no other online self-regulated learning questionnaire that currently covers such a wide range of motivational beliefs and learning strategies.
Efficient contour-based annotation by iterative deep learning for organ segmentation from volumetric medical images
Authors: Zhuang Mingrui , Chen Zhonghua , Wang Hongkai , Tang Hong , He Jiang , Qin Bobo , Yang Yuxin , Jin Xiaoxian , Yu Mengzhu , Jin Baitao , Li Taijing , Kettunen Lauri 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Training deep neural networks usually require a large number of human-annotated data. For organ segmentation from volumetric medical images, human annotation is tedious and inefficient. To save human labour and to accelerate the training process, the strategy of annotation by iterative deep learning recently becomes popular in the research community. However, due to the lack of domain knowledge or efficient human-interaction tools, the current AID methods still suffer from long training time and high annotation burden.

Methods
We develop a contour-based annotation by iterative deep learning (AID) algorithm which uses boundary representation instead of voxel labels to incorporate high-level organ shape knowledge. We propose a contour segmentation network with a multi-scale feature extraction backbone to improve the boundary detection accuracy. We also developed a contour-based human-intervention method to facilitate easy adjustments of organ boundaries. By combining the contour-based segmentation network and the contour-adjustment intervention method, our algorithm achieves fast few-shot learning and efficient human proofreading.

Results
For validation, two human operators independently annotated four abdominal organs in computed tomography (CT) images using our method and two compared methods, i.e. a traditional contour-interpolation method and a state-of-the-art (SOTA) convolutional network (CNN) method based on voxel label representation. Compared to these methods, our approach considerably saved annotation time and reduced inter-rater variabilities. Our contour detection network also outperforms the SOTA nnU-Net in producing anatomically plausible organ shape with only a small training set.

Conclusion
Taking advantage of the boundary shape prior and the contour representation, our method is more efficient, more accurate and less prone to inter-operator variability than the SOTA AID methods for organ segmentation from volumetric medical images. The good shape learning ability and flexible boundary adjustment function make it suitable for fast annotation of organ structures with regular shape.
The long-term effect of removing the UV-protectant usnic acid from the thalli of the lichen Cladonia foliacea
Authors: Veres Katalin , Sinigla Mónika , Szabó Krisztina , Varga Nóra , Farkas Edit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTerricolous lichens are abundant in semi-arid areas, where they are exposed to high irradiation. Photoprotection is essential for the algae as the photobiont provides the primer carbon source for both symbionts. The UV-protectant lichen metabolites and different quenching procedures of the alga ensure adequate photoprotection. Since the long-term effect of diminishing UV-protectant lichen metabolites is unknown, a major part of lichen secondary metabolites was removed from Cladonia foliacea thalli by acetone rinsing, and the lichens were then maintained under field conditions to investigate the effect on both symbionts for 3 years. Our aim was to determine if the decreased level of UV-protectant metabolites caused an elevated photoprotection in the algae and to reveal the dynamics of production of the metabolites. Photosynthetic activity and light protection were checked by chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics measurements every 6 months. The concentrations of fumarprotocetraric and usnic acids were monitored by chromatographic methods. Our results proved that seasonality had a more pronounced effect than that of acetone treatment on the function of lichens over a long-term scale. Even after 3 years, the acetone-treated thalli contained half as much usnic acid as the control thalli, and the level of photoprotection remained unchanged in the algae. However, the amount of available humidity was a more critical limiting environmental factor than the amount of incoming irradiation affecting usnic acid production. The lichenicolous fungus Didymocyrtis cladoniicola became relatively more abundant in the acetone-treated samples than in the control samples, indicating a slight change caused by the treatment.
The assessment of an acoustic Doppler velocimetry profiler from a user’s perspective
Authors: Liu Da , Alobaidi Khaldoon , Valyrakis Manousos 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAcoustic Doppler velocimetry profilers (ADVPs) are widely used in both experimental and field studies because of their robustness in velocity measurements. The acquired measurements do not only offer estimates of the local and instantaneous flow velocity at the interrogated measurement volume, but can also be further processed for the estimation of the bed surface shear stresses, thus they are finding a wide range of applications ranging from water engineering to geomorphology and eco-hydraulics. This study aims to evaluate the performance of an ADVP in obtaining hydrodynamics measurements under fixed flow conditions, with various probe configurations. To this goal, a robust search is conducted where ADVP probe settings are sequentially altered. A number of assessment criteria are used including qualitative observations, such as checking the shape of the velocity profile, as well as quantitative error metrics, including signal-to-noise ratio, correlations and number of spikes. Further, estimation of the bed shear stresses computed by means of using the log Law of the Wall and turbulent kinetic energy, allow obtaining a better understanding of the uncertainties involved and the importance of making a better informed choice with respect to the probe configuration settings. Thus, the methodology and performance metrics provided herein, although presented for a given flow, can generally be applied from practitioners and researchers alike.
The Directiveness that Dare Not Speak Its Name. Views and Attitudes of Polish Clinical Geneticists toward the Nondirectiveness Principle
Authors: Chańska Weronika , Grunt-Mejer Katarzyna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNondirectiveness is widely regarded as an important principle of genetic counseling. However, numerous studies have indicated that the use of this principle and its content itself are subject to controversies. The present study aimed to verify how the nondirectiveness principle is defined by Polish geneticists, the extent to which it is considered the main principle in clinical practice, and the situations in which geneticists see the positive value of the directive action. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the study compared the abstract declarations of the directiveness validity and the scope of this principle with the declaration of action in situations close to reality (case scenarios). The results showed that the high rank assigned to the nondirectiveness principle does not translate into the conviction about the absolute obligation to use it in clinical practice. Polish geneticists are inclined to restrict the scope of patients’ choices when these are outside of their definition of medical standard. Strong medical paternalism manifests itself particularly in invasive prenatal diagnostics, where geneticists play the role of gatekeepers. In this study, we offer hypotheses about the sources of these attitudes by analyzing the current cultural and legal context of Poland.
Ultrasound screening for asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients: a pilot trial
Authors: Tini Giordano , Moriconi Amanda , Ministrini Stefano , Zullo Valentina , Venanzi Elisa , Mondovecchio Giulia , Campanella Tommaso , Marini Ettore , Bianchi Maura , Carbone Federico , Pirro Matteo , De Robertis Edoardo , Pasqualini Leonella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) in critically ill patients still represents a clinical challenge. The aim of the study was to investigate whether a systematic ultrasound (US) screening might improve the management of the antithrombotic therapy in intensive care unit (ICU). In this non-randomized diagnostic clinical trial, 100 patients consecutively admitted to ICU of the University Hospital of Perugia were allocated either in the screening group or in the control group. Subjects in the screening group underwent US examination of lower limbs 48 h after admission, and again after 5 days. Subjects in the control group underwent US examination according to the standard of care (SOC) of the enrolling institution. Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05019092) on 24.08.2021. Lower limb DVT was significantly more frequent in the screening group (p < 0.001), as well as the subsequent extension of a pre-existing DVT (p = 0.027). In the control group, DVT of large veins was more frequent (p = 0.038). Major bleedings were reported in 5 patients, 4 in the non-screening group and in 1 in the screening group. Patients in the screening group started the antithrombotic treatment later (p = 0.038), although the frequency, dose and duration of the treatment were not different between the two groups. The duration of stay in ICU was longer in the screening group (p = 0.007). Active screening for DVT is associated with an increased diagnosis of DVT. The screening could be associated with a reduced incidence of proximal DVT and a reduction in the bleeding risk.
Attenuating Muscle Mass Loss in Critical Illness: the Role of Nutrition and Exercise
Authors: Chapple Lee-anne S. , Parry Selina M. , Schaller Stefan J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewImpaired recovery following an intensive care unit (ICU) admission is thought related to muscle wasting. Nutrition and physical activity are considered potential avenues to attenuate muscle wasting. The aim of this review was to present evidence for these interventions in attenuating muscle loss or improving strength and function.Recent FindingsRandomised controlled trials on the impact of nutrition or physical activity interventions in critically ill adult patients on muscle mass, strength or function are presented. No nutrition intervention has shown an effect on strength or function, and the effect on muscle mass is conflicting. RCTs on the effect of physical activity demonstrate conflicting results; yet, there is a signal for improved strength and function with higher levels of physical activity, particularly when commenced early.SummaryFurther research is needed to elucidate the impact of nutrition and physical activity on muscle mass, strength and function, particularly in combination.
Schools’ We-mentality and Students’ Civic Engagement – A Text-based Approach
Authors: Hüning Hendrik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the role of schools' we-mentality in shaping students' civic outcome. A school's we-mentality is important for the students' perception and education of sense of community. We-mentality is measured by an automated content-analysis approach applied to the schools' general principle. Data stem from a survey conducted in 13 German schools with 488 students. Using OLS and multi-level regression techniques, I find that stronger we-mentality is associated with more students being engaged in local civic activities. Moreover, students that exhibit stronger trust in others and are willing to engage with new and unknown tasks show more positive attitudes towards civic issues. The results hold relevance for the educational design of schools in fostering adolescents' civic education and participation.
Towards an Interdisciplinary Development of IoT-Enhanced Business Processes
Authors: Valderas Pedro , Torres Victoria , Serral Estefanía 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIoT-enhanced Business Processes make use of sensors and actuators to carry out the process tasks and achieve a specific goal. One of the most important difficulties in the development of IoT-enhanced BPs is the interdisciplinarity that is demanded by this type of project. Defining an interdisciplinary tool-supported development approach that facilitates the collaboration of different professionals, with a special focus on three main facets: business process requirements, interoperability between IoT devices and BPs, and low-level data processing. The study followed a Design Science Research methodology for information systems that consists of a 6-step process: (1) problem identification and motivation; (2) define the objectives for a solution; (3) design and development; (4) demonstration; (5) evaluation; and (6) communication. The paper presents an interdisciplinary development process to support the creation of IoT-enhanced BPs by applying the Separation of Concerns principle. A collaborative development environment is built to provide each professional with the tools required to accomplish her/his development responsibilities. The approach is successfully validated through a case-study evaluation. The evaluation allows to conclude that the proposed development process and the supporting development environment are effective to face the interdisciplinary nature of IoT-enhanced BPs.
Gendered perception of change in prevalence of pests and management in Zimbabwe smallholder irrigation schemes
Authors: Mwadzingeni Liboster , Mugandani Raymond , Mafongoya Paramu L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA better understanding of gendered perception on the prevalence and management of pests in irrigated agriculture in the context of a changing climate can help recommend more gender-sensitive policies, particularly in smallholder farming systems. Limited studies have been conducted to assess gender differences in perception of the prevalence and management of pests among smallholder irrigation schemes especially in Zimbabwe. This study is the first one to assess gendered perceptions on the change in prevalence and management of pests in Exchange, Insukamini, and Ruchanyu irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered using face-to-face interviews with participants. Data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used for validating data from questionnaire interviews. Mann-Whitney U test was employed to assess perception on the prevalence of pests between male and female farmers. Findings from this study depict that the females perceived a higher prevalence of bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera) (P ≤ 0.01), fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda) (P ≤ 0.01), red spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) (P ≤ 0.01), and maize grain weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) (P ≤ 0.01) than males, while males perceive a higher prevalence of termites (Isoptera) (P ≤ 0.01) and cutworms (Noctuidae) (P ≤ 0.01) than females. Both male and female farmers perceived a greater increase in prevalence of aphids (Aphidoidea). Here, we show that farmers’ perceptions of changes in pest prevalence and pest management strategies differ by gender. Gender perception on change in prevalence of pests can be a valuable resource for the sustainable development of smallholder irrigation farming system and scientific research.
Applications of gene drive systems for population suppression of insect pests
Authors: Asad Muhammad , Liu Dan , Chen Jing , Yang Guang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPopulation suppression is an effective way for controlling insect pests and disease vectors, which cause significant damage to crop and spread contagious diseases to plants, animals and humans. Gene drive systems provide innovative opportunities for the insect pests population suppression by driving genes that impart fitness costs on populations of pests or disease vectors. Different gene-drive systems have been developed in insects and applied for their population suppression. Here, different categories of gene drives such as meiotic drive (MD), under-dominance (UD), homing endonuclease-based gene drive (HEGD) and especially the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene drive (CCGD) were reviewed, including the history, types, process and mechanisms. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of applying different gene-drive systems to suppress the insect population were also summarized. This review provides a foundation for developing a specific gene-drive system for insect population suppression.
Egg development and viability in three species of Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)
Authors: Souza Thamyrys Bezerra de , Albuquerque Larissa Simões Corrêa de , Iannuzzi Luciana , Costa Fábio Correia , Gibernau Marc , Maia Artur Campos Dália 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDifferent species of Cyclocephala scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) perform key functional roles in both natural and agricultural systems, such as the cycling of organic matter and pollination, while also being known as destructive pests both as immatures and adults. Therefore, the identification of biological parameters is crucial for defining strategies for their conservation and efficient pest management. In a forest fragment within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot, we field-captured adult individuals of Cyclocephala cearae, C. celata, and C. paraguayensis then reared and bred them under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. On a daily basis, we individually weighted eggs of all three species, from oviposition until hatching, and monitored egg development parameters (i.e., incubation duration, viability, and egg weight increase). Our findings provide novel empirical evidence showing (i) a positive correlation between egg weight and incubation duration, (ii) idiosyncratic characteristics on egg development, and (iii) a negative (involuntary) effect of manipulation on egg development and viability. Thus, the successful breeding and rearing of Cyclocephala spp. is correlated with egg integrity and the targeted species. Our analyses present a quantitative understanding of the egg phase and can assist in refining strategies for ovicidal activity and pest management of Cyclocephala spp. in agriculture systems. Moreover, they can provide a basis for new studies related to captivity breeding, pollinator management, and developmental biology for biodiversity conservation.
International Law of War, War Crimes in Ethiopia, and Italy's Imperial Misrecollection at the End of Empire, 1946–1950
Authors: Urbano Annalisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article explores the post-1945 discourse around Italian war crimes committed in Ethiopia from 1935 to 1942. Although Italians largely escaped prosecutions after the Second World War, the article demonstrates how an international controversy – the appointment and dismissal of a former general of the Italian army as governor of Somalia in 1949 – forced a reappraisal of Italy's imperial, fascist, and wartime past. Exploring this discourse is important for three reasons. First, it shows that, contrary to long-held assumptions, questions related to war crimes and empire were part of Italy's public debate after 1945. Second, it challenges the notion of national forgetting of the imperial past in post-war Italy. Third, it helps us better understand the multiple and subtle connections between empire and international legal order in the interwar and the early post-war period. It shows that arguments based on race, which drew heavily on fascist rhetoric and were made within rather than outside the law, served to justify violations of international legal conventions before similar issues were raised during the wars of decolonization of the 1950s and 1960s.
Moral Empire and the Global Meaning of Gandhi's Anti-imperialism
Authors: Sultan Nazmul S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGandhi famously shook the foundations of the British Empire and sparked the beginning of a new anti-imperial era. But his critique of empire does not quite fit the familiar script of twentieth-century anti-imperialism. Gandhi's positions ranged from sincere expressions of imperial loyalty to a condemnation of English civilization while endorsing its moral empire, to an unqualified disavowal of the Britsh Empire without necessarily claiming independence. Reconstructing the long arc of his (anti-)imperial thought, this article shows that the idea of empire operated in the early Gandhi's thought in two ways: as the authorizing source of the rights of Indians and as the addressee of political claims. This genealogy helps explain the complex trajectory of his two separate breaks from empire. The article ultimately suggests that the key to understanding the global resonance of Gandhi's ideas lies in his transformation of the imperial adversary into a universal addressee of action.
A unique phenomenon: triple-chambered left ventricle with transposition of great arteries
Authors: Hussain Arif , Horne David , Dhillon Santokh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA rare case of unique and previously unreported variant of transposition of great arteries with bilateral coni, ventricular septal defect, and triple-chambered left ventricle which led to an unexpected and accelerated post-natal cardiac anatomical and physiologic deviation from prenatal and immediate postnatal diagnosis altering the surgical management and patient outcome.