bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic expression of Nix converts genetic females into males and allows automated sex sorting in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Lutrat Célia , Olmo Roenick P. , Baldet Thierry , Bouyer Jérémy , Marois Eric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAedes albopictus is a major vector of arboviruses. Better understanding of its sex determination is crucial for developing mosquito control tools, especially genetic sexing strains. In Aedes aegypti, Nix is the primary gene responsible for masculinization and Nix-expressing genetic females develop into fertile, albeit flightless, males. In Ae. albopictus, Nix has also been implicated in masculinization but its role remains to be further characterized. In this work, we establish Ae. albopictus transgenic lines ectopically expressing Nix. Several are composed exclusively of genetic females, with transgenic individuals being phenotypic and functional males due to the expression of the Nix transgene. Their reproductive fitness is marginally impaired, while their flight performance is similar to controls. Overall, our results show that Nix is sufficient for full masculinization in Ae. albopictus. Moreover, the transgene construct contains a fluorescence marker allowing efficient automated sex sorting. Consequently, such strains constitute valuable sexing strains for genetic control.
An anti-PD-1–GITR-L bispecific agonist induces GITR clustering-mediated T cell activation for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Chan Sarah , Belmar Nicole , Ho Sun , Rogers Bryan , Stickler Marcia , Graham Michelle , Lee Eileen , Tran Ninian , Zhang Dong , Gupta Priyanka , Sho Mien , MacDonough Tracy , Woolley Andrew , Kim Han , Zhang Hong , Liu Wei , Zheng Pingping , Dezso Zoltan , Halliwill Kyle , Ceccarelli Michele , Rhodes Susan , Thakur Archana , Forsyth Charles M. , Xiong Mengli , Tan Siu Sze , Iyer Ramesh , Lake Marc , Digiammarino Enrico , Zhou Li , Bigelow Lance , Longenecker Kenton , Judge Russell A. , Liu Cassie , Trumble Max , Remis Jonathan P. , Fox Melvin , Cairns Belinda , Akamatsu Yoshiko , Hollenbaugh Diane , Harding Fiona , Alvarez Hamsell M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCostimulatory receptors such as glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein (GITR) play key roles in regulating the effector functions of T cells. In human clinical trials, however, GITR agonist antibodies have shown limited therapeutic effect, which may be due to suboptimal receptor clustering-mediated signaling. To overcome this potential limitation, a rational protein engineering approach is needed to optimize GITR agonist-based immunotherapies. Here we show a bispecific molecule consisting of an anti-PD-1 antibody fused with a multimeric GITR ligand (GITR-L) that induces PD-1-dependent and FcγR-independent GITR clustering, resulting in enhanced activation, proliferation and memory differentiation of primed antigen-specific GITR+PD-1+ T cells. The anti-PD-1–GITR-L bispecific is a PD-1-directed GITR-L construct that demonstrated dose-dependent, immunologically driven tumor growth inhibition in syngeneic, genetically engineered and xenograft humanized mouse tumor models, with a dose-dependent correlation between target saturation and Ki67 and TIGIT upregulation on memory T cells. Anti-PD-1–GITR-L thus represents a bispecific approach to directing GITR agonism for cancer immunotherapy.
Die degenerative Lumbalskoliose – Lange Versorgung erforderlich
Authors: Obid Peter , Niemeyer Thomas 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der Alterung der Bevölkerung ist mit einer Zunahme von adulten Wirbelsäulendeformitäten zu rechnen. Deformitäten die mit einer koronaren oder sagittalen Imbalance assoziiert sind, beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität in besonderem Maße. Häufig sind diese Deformitäten zusätzlich rigide und erfordern daher für eine operative Korrektur eine langstreckige Versorgung.
Die degenerative adulte lumbale de novo Skoliose – Evidenz
Authors: Quante Markus 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie adulte lumbale degenerative lumbale Skoliose bietet sehr oft eine heterogene strukturelle Befundlage. Foraminale und zentrale Stenosen sowie lokale oder globale Instabilitäten begründen oft massive Beschwerden. Darüber hinaus ist die sagittale und frontale Deformität für Symptome ausschlaggebend. Das selektive oder „kurzstreckige“ Vorgehen erfordert die eindeutige Eingrenzung der strukturellen, Schmerzen auslösenden Ursache sowie die Berücksichtigung der Regeln der Deformitätenkorrektur. Werden die Prinzipien angewandt, ergibt sich die Möglichkeit zum selektiven Vorgehen. Der Artikel fasst die Evidenzlage zusammen.
Operative Korrektur der idiopathischen Adoleszentenskoliose – Pro Bewegungserhalt
Authors: Birkenmaier Christof , Trobisch Per David 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie kritische Literaturanalyse zeigt zum Einen, dass die fusionierende Behandlung von Adoleszentenskoliosen (IAS) eindeutig Konsequenzen bez. Funktion, Sport und Degeneration der Anschlußsegmente hat, sowie dass durchaus relevante Reoperationsraten resultieren. Zum Anderen ist klar erkennbar, dass bewegungserhaltende Ansätze, von denen bisher nur die flexible anteriore Skoliosekorrektur (FASK/VBT) gut untersucht ist, noch keine optimal definierten Indikationsgrenzen haben und dass diese Implantatsysteme noch früh in ihrer medizintechnischen Entwicklung stehen, was beides Gründe für die anfangs vergleichsweise hohen technischen Versagerraten waren. Definiert man die Versteifung einer adoleszenten Wirbelsäule jedoch als Schadensbegrenzung bei erfolgloser konservativer Therapie, liegt dann die Versagerquote nach Spondylodese nicht bei 100%? Diese Zahl zu reduzieren sollte unser Anspruch sein.
Bewegungserhaltende operative Korrektur der idiopathischen Adoleszentenskoliose – Evidenz
Authors: Heyde Christoph-Eckhard 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungMit dem Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering (AVBT) steht eine Technik zur Verfügung, welche für die idiopathische Adoleszentenskoliose unter definierten Voraussetzungen eine Wachstumslenkung und damit Korrektur bei weitestgehend Funktionserhalt verspricht. Evidenz liegt im Moment nur für das thorakale AVBT entsprechend den Evidenzgraden III und IV vor. Für lumbale und thorakolumbale Kurven ist auf der Grundlage der zur Verfügung stehenden Literatur in Bezug auf eine mögliche Evidenz keine Aussage möglich. Für einen Einsatz nach Wachstumsabschluss findet sich in der Literatur keine Unterstützung. In Diskussion verbleibt der optimale Operationszeitpunkt in Bezug auf die Skelettreife. Die hohe in der Literatur dokumentierte Zahl an Komplikationen und Nachoperationen erfordert eine weitere Evaluation und Optimierung des Verfahrens.
PET/CT zur Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens bei aggressiven Lymphomen
Authors: Grosse Jirka , Hellwig Dirk 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) mit 18F-Fluorodesoxyglukose (FDG) in Kombination mit der Computertomografie (CT) ist integraler Bestandteil der initialen Diagnostik aggressiver Lymphome. Mehrere Studien und Metaanalysen haben gezeigt, dass die FDG-PET/CT die genaueste nicht invasive Methode bei Staging und Restaging von Hodgkin- (HL) und Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen (NHL) darstellt. Die PET-basierte Risikostratifizierung liefert wesentliche prognostische Informationen. Im Laufe der letzten Jahre hat sich diese Hybridbildgebung auch zur frühen Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens und somit als Instrument der Therapiesteuerung etabliert. So kann auf Basis der FDG-Avidität von Restlymphomen das therapeutische Regime personifiziert ggf. eskaliert oder deeskaliert werden, um den Therapieerfolg zu verbessern. Neue PET-bildbasierte Biomarker wie das Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) lassen in naher Zukunft eine weitere Verbesserung dieser Risikostratifizierung erwarten. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die relevanten Anwendungsbereiche der FDG-PET/CT bei der Beurteilung des Therapieansprechens maligner Lymphome dargestellt.
Investigating the Role of Thymoquinone in Increasing the Rate of
Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis through Oxidative DNA Damage in Saso-2 Cancer
Cells
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Homa , Ahmadi Mehran , Golchin Asal , Malakoti Faezeh , Maleki Masomeh , Alemi Forough , Bazavar Mohammadreza , Yousefi Bahman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone sarcoma with a high
recurrence rate and poorer prognosis. The application of natural agents in
combinational therapies can increase the efficacy of treatment and decrease the
side effects. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Thymoquinone (TQ)
combined with Cisplatin on apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in the Saos-2
cells.
Methods The effects of TQ and Cisplatin on Saos-2 cell viability were
measured using an MTT assay. Western blotting was applied for the measurement of
γH2AX protein expression. The expression levels of
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) were evaluated by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DCFH-DA fluorescence dye was used to detect
reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. For evaluation of apoptosis, flow
cytometry was employed.
Results TQ dramatically promotes the cytotoxic effects of Cisplatin. TQ
considerably enhanced the expression levels of 8-oxo-dG and γ-H2AX in
Saos-2 cells. After TQ treatment, ROS levels were increased; furthermore, TQ
treatment resulted in the potentiation of Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in Saos-2
cells compared to either TQ or Cisplatin treated cells.
Conclusion In general, TQ plus Cisplatin resulted in potentiated cellular
cytotoxicity by increasing ROS level and inducing oxidative DNA damage, leading
to the potent induction of apoptosis in tumor cells.
Das Lipödem in Abgrenzung zur Adipositas. Parallelen und
Herausforderungen in der Praxis
Authors: Rapprich Stefan , ter Balk Hendrikje , Hirsch Tobias 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Krankheitsbild Lipödem erfährt in den letzten Jahren
vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Überschneidungen mit der Adipositas machen
eine Abgrenzung mitunter schwierig. Diese ist aber für eine
differenzierte zielgerichtete Therapie wichtig.
Definition und Klinik Beim Lipödem handelt es sich um eine
schmerzhafte, anlagebedingte, übermäßige
Fettgewebsvermehrung an den Extremitäten bei Frauen. Das führt
zu einer Disproportion der Körpersilhuette. Erste Symptome manifestieren
sich häufig in der Pubertät, der Verlauf ist meist progredient.
Charakteristische Symptome sind Ruhe- und Druckschmerzen,
Hämatomneigung, Spannungs- und Schwellungsgefühle, rasche
Ermüdung der Muskulatur und Ödeme, die aber
stadienabhängig inkonsistent sind. 25–88% der
Lipödem-Patientinnen leiden gleichzeitig an einer Adipositas.
Prävalenz Je nach Studie 5–9,7%, entsprechend
2–4 Millionen Frauen in Deutschland.
Ätiologie Es besteht eine familiäre Disposition.
Hormonelle Veränderungen sind Triggerfaktoren und lassen auf hormonelle
Einflüsse schließen. Im Gewebe findet sich eine leichte
chronische Entzündung (Silent Inflammation), welche die Symptomatik
erklärt.
Diagnostik Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt klinisch und muss von anderen
Fettverteilungsstörungen unterschieden werden. Der BMI ist nicht
geeignet. Es sollte der Bauchumfang-Größen-Quotient
(BCG=WHtR Waist to Height-Ratio) herangezogen werden.
Therapie interdisziplinärer Therapieansatz, der neben der
konservativen Entstauungstherapie, der operativen Therapie mittels Liposuktion
auch die Ernährungs-, Bewegungs- und Psychotherapie umfasst.
Carvacrol Enhance Apoptotic Effect of 5-FU on MCF-7 Cell Line via
inhibiting P-glycoprotein: An In-silco and In-vitro Study
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Vajihe , Aljaf Karwan Anwar Hassan , Wasman Hunar Mustafa , Pirzeh Lale , Azimi Saleh , Dariushnejad Hassan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter
and overexpressed in cancer cells which is responsible for drug resistance and
transportation of anticancer agents out of cells. Hence, P-gp inhibition is a
promising way to reverse multi-drug resistance, finding a suitable inhibitor is
essential. Carvacrol, an active compound of thyme, has been shown anticancer
properties in several types of cancers but the mechanisms underlying this effect
remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of carvacrol on P-gp
by In-silco and in-vitro studies.
Method carvacrol was docked against P-gp via autodock vina software to
identify the potential binding of this agent. Verapamil, a well-known P-gp
inhibitor, was selected as the control ligands. Cell proliferation and apoptosis
were assessed using MTT assay and ELISA cell death assay, respectively.
Results It was observed that carvacrol exhibited appropriate affinity
(−7 kcal/mol) to drug binding pocket of P-gp when
compared with verapamil that showed binding affinities of
−8 kcal/mol. The result of MTT assay showed a
dose-dependent inhibitory effect of carvacrol and 5-FU. Data of apoptosis assay
showed that combining carvacrol with 5-FU increased apoptotic effect of 5-FU
6.7-Fold rather than the control group. This ability to enhance apoptosis is
more than the combination of verapamil and 5-FU (4.26-Fold).
Conclusion These results provide important evidence that carvacrol may be
a promising agent able to overcome P-gp-mediated MDR.
Social Profiloplasty: A Practical Assessment and Injection Guide
Authors: Lazzarotto Andrea , Cambiaso-Daniel Janos , Robiony Massimo , Nocini Riccardo , Gualdi Alessandro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe trend of aesthetic medical procedures continues growing every year since decades all over the globe, especially considering minimal invasive treatments since the results are immediate and the downtime minimal. Hence, treatments with hyaluronic acid fillers have become extremely popular and routinely used in common practice. However, numerous areas of treatment were identified and described in the last years clinical training and consciousness of possibly complication remain still under represented. In the following article, we present four key treatment areas for optimal overall facial rejuvenation of what the authors define the social profile. Of each area an assessment, anatomical considerations, danger zones, and the preferred personal technique of the authors are described.
Understanding the impact of demand shocks on the container port industry
Authors: Crotti Daniele , Ferrari Claudio , Tei Alessio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has severely impacted the world economy, generating an unprecedented shock that pushed carriers to adapt to the collapse of demand. Most of the related adaptation actions (e.g., blank sailings) appear as temporary initiatives being insufficient to reach a long run equilibrium. Moreover, while carriers managed to adjust their own supplied capacity to the ongoing crisis, the port sector has been greatly impacted by the fall in transport demand, not being able to counteract the demand shortages as effectively as the carriers. Against this backdrop, the paper introduces a model for assessing the effects of demand shocks (e.g., due to the pandemic) on the integration strategies of carriers. We focus on the possible initiatives that demand shocks may trigger on the horizontal and vertical integration among the actors of the shipping industry. In doing so, the present study provides useful insights for better understanding potential future market modifications and their impact on social welfare. Using non-cooperative games, profit-maximising strategies, in case of such integrations, are compared in order to study how carriers and terminal operators might react to demand shocks in the medium and long run.
Application of square-wave inverter in excitation system for magnetic nanoparticle tomography
Authors: Higashino Kohta , Okamura Naoki , Sasayama Teruyoshi , Yoshida Takashi 
Published: March 2022

To collect the signals of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at a distance from a magnetic nanoparticle tomography, a strong ac magnetic field should be generated by applying a high current to the excitation coil. To this end, sinusoidal excitation using a linear amplifier-type ac power source has been applied to the tomography. Although this source can provide a high-quality sinusoidal voltage, its low power efficiency is not suitable for generating the required high current. To overcome this limitation, we use an H-bridge voltage source inverter to achieve high efficiency by generating a square-wave voltage. However, the third harmonic component in the square wave, undermines the acquisition of MNP signals. Thus, we suppress the third harmonic by shifting the switching phase of the inverter transistors. As a result, the third harmonic in the excitation current is reduced to less than one-tenth of that obtained after conventional suppression. We verify the distribution of MNP signals at depths up to 50 mm using the proposed excitation approach. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach based on square-wave inverter excitation for magnetic nanoparticle tomography.
Widespread misperceptions of long-term attitude change
Authors: Mastroianni Adam M. , Dana Jason 
Published: March 2022

Significance
People change when they think others are changing, but people misperceive others’ changes. These misperceptions may bedevil people’s efforts to understand and change their social worlds, distort the democratic process, and turn imaginary trends into real ones. For example, participants believed that Americans increasingly want to limit immigration, which they said justifies tighter borders. However, participants also said that limiting immigration would not be right if attitudes had shifted against it––which is what actually occurred. Our findings suggest that the national discourse around contentious social issues, policies resulting from that discourse, and perhaps the opinions that drive discourse in the first place would be very different if people better understood how attitudes have and have not changed.
Early warning of the Indian Ocean Dipole using climate network analysis
Authors: Lu Zhenghui , Dong Wenjie , Lu Bo , Yuan Naiming , Ma Zhuguo , Bogachev Mikhail I. , Kurths Juergen 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), an air–sea coupled phenomenon over the tropical Indian Ocean, has substantial impacts on the climate, ecosystems, and society. Due to the winter predictability barrier, however, a reliable prediction of the IOD has been limited to 3 or 4 mo in advance. Our work approaches this problem from a new data-driven perspective: the climate network analysis. Using this network-based method, an efficient early warning signal for the IOD event was revealed in boreal winter. Our approach can correctly predict the IOD events one calendar year in advance (from December of the previous year) with a hit rate of higher than 70%, which strongly outperforms current dynamic models.
A variable refractory period increases collective performance in noisy environments
Authors: Chiara Violette , Arrufat Patrick , Jeanson Raphaël 
Published: March 2022

Significance
In biological and artificial systems, synchronization is an important means of achieving coordination. During hunting, social spiders alternate their moving and stopping phases in unison as they move toward their prey. We combined fieldwork and modeling to investigate the behavioral rules that lead to the emergence of synchronized oscillations in hunting groups. We showed that an individual's decision to move depends on the relative intensity of vibrations emitted by the prey and the moving spiders. This rule allows the group to adapt quickly to any change in prey size or the number of spiders involved in the hunt. Such synchronization ensures that the spiders can locate their prey without being disturbed by signals from conspecifics and thus improves hunting performance.
Kirigami-based metastructures with programmable multistability
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Ma Jiayao , Li Mengyue , You Zhong , Wang Xiaoyan , Luo Yu , Ma Kaixue , Chen Yan 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Different from most existing multistable structures whose multiple stable states are achieved through the combinational effect of bistable units, we invent a generic tristable kirigami cuboid. The three stable states have fundamentally distinct geometric configurations and chirality, and the transformation among them can be realized by tension/compression or clockwise/counterclockwise twist. Tessellating the units in series, a family of multistable metamaterials can be constructed, the mechanical behaviors of which are programmable by the unit geometry, the material of the elastic joints, the number of units, and the loading conditions. As a demonstration of the potential applications, a frequency reconfigurable antenna for 5G triple-band communication is developed based on a tristable unit, and the frequency tunability is verified by experiments.
Electronic coherences in nonadiabatic molecular photophysics revealed by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Cavaletto Stefano M. , Keefer Daniel , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is a promising technique for the study of ultrafast molecular processes, such as the nonadiabatic dynamics taking place at conical intersections. Directly accessing the evolution of the coherences generated at the conical intersection should provide most valuable dynamical information. However, the signals are dominated by background contributions due to state populations, and most theoretical treatments completely neglect the role of the coherences. Here we show that distinguishable signatures of molecular coherences appear in TRPES. These can be recorded using currently available ultrashort pulses and unambiguously extracted at the postprocessing stage. The technique thus provides direct access to nonadiabatic coherence dynamics.
О двойной обусловленности перевода
Authors: Lewicki Roman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The point of departure is the hypothesis of the fundamental difference in viewing translation by the translator and by the target language reader: the former focuses on the original and a search for equivalents, whereas the latter has no contact either with the original or the process of translation. It is interesting that without contact with the original, the recipient of translation nevertheless has an illusion of accessing that original. Looking at translation as a linguistically secondary text largely determines the translator’s activity – but not the reception of the final product by the reader. In conclusion, one can hypothesize that translation is doubly conditioned: by the original text and by its future communicative context. In each, a textual point of reference can be determined: the original text and parallel texts, respectively. The translation’s secondariness is thus two-dimensional. It follows that translation, viewed above all as a linguistically secondary text (being based on an original), nevertheless functions independently of this feature. The tension between these two properties of translation determines its status as a message of a peculiar type. It is mainly this assumption that reveals the inadequacy of grounding the efficiency of translations in the notion of equivalence.
Lunfardo and political (dis)agreements in the public space
Authors: Gubitosi Patricia , Lifszyc Irina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Linguistic landscapes are useful tools to decipher language ideologies that regulate public spaces in society,
helping us to decode the semiotic messages that those landscapes transmit. Urban spaces also reveal social practices that organize
people’s lives and unveil social discourses that legitimize, approve, erode, or eliminate different linguistic varieties that
struggle to survive. This article examines the use of (mock) Lunfardo, a Spanish urban variety spoken in the Rio de la Plata area,
Argentina, in a sign posted by the Buenos Aires’ city authorities and the impact this sign had on social media. The results of the
analysis show that appealing to Lunfardo as a symbol of identity failed to establish a conversation between parties within a
separated, fractured society.