bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Risk for recurrence and interventions to optimize outcomes following recurrence
Authors: Harshman Lyndsay A. , Bartosh Sharon , Engen Rachel M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFSGS is a common indication for kidney transplant with a high‐risk of posttransplant recurrence.MethodsIn this review, we summarize current knowledge about FSGS recurrence after kidney transplantation, including epidemiology, pretransplant planning, posttransplant management, and investigational treatments.ResultsFSGS recurs in 14%–60% of first transplants, likely associated with a circulating permeability factor. Pretransplant counseling regarding recurrence is critical, and patients with FSGS should undergo pretransplant genetic screening. Rapid progression to ESKD, initial steroid responsiveness, younger age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, and mesangial hypercellularity or minimal change histology on native biopsy may be associated with recurrence. Living donation is not contraindicated but does not result in improved graft survival relative to deceased donation. Pretransplant nephrectomy may be performed for a variety of reasons, but does not decrease recurrence. Pretransplant therapy with rituximab and/or PE is understudied but not clearly effective at preventing recurrence. Patients with FSGS typically present early with rapid‐onset severe proteinuria. Diagnosis can be confirmed by biopsy showing foot process effacement; typical FSGS lesions are not seen on light microscopy in the early stages. There is no established effective treatment for recurrent FSGS, but renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition and extracorporeal therapies, including PE and IA, are most commonly used. Adjunct or alternative therapies may include rituximab, lipopheresis, and cyclosporine.
Velocity‐based stowage policy for a semiautomated fulfillment system
Authors: Cezik Tolga , Graves Stephen C. , Liu Amy C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOnline retail fulfillment is increasingly performed by semiautomated fulfillment systems in which inventory is stored in mobile pods that are moved by robotic drives. In this paper, we develop a model that explores the benefits of velocity‐based stowage policies for semiautomated fulfillment systems, also known as robotic mobile fulfillment systems. The stowage policies decide which pods to replenish with the received inventory. Specifically, we model policies that account for the velocity of the units being stowed. By stowing higher (lower) velocity units on higher (lower) velocity pods, we expect to increase the heterogeneity of the pod velocities. Greater heterogeneity in pod velocities can yield a greater reduction in pod travel distance from velocity‐based storage policies for the pod. Reducing pod travel distance decreases the number of robotic drives that are needed for the system to maintain a certain throughput rate. We analyze an M‐class velocity‐based stowage policy. We stow units from each velocity class onto pods dedicated to that velocity class; each class of pods then has its own storage zone, where the zones are ordered based on the distance to the stationary pick and stow stations. We characterize the pod travel distance as a function of the skewness of the demand distribution and the number and size of the classes. We find that with two or three classes we can achieve most of the benefits possible from a velocity‐based stowage and storage policy. For representative demand distributions, we find that a two‐class policy achieves 75% of the maximum possible travel‐time reduction and that a three‐class policy improves this to 90%.
T cell help in the autoreactive germinal center
Authors: Akama‐Garren Elliot H. , Carroll Michael C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe germinal center serves as a site of B cell selection and affinity maturation, critical processes for productive adaptive immunity. In autoimmune disease tolerance is broken in the germinal center reaction, leading to production of autoreactive B cells that may propagate disease. Follicular T cells are crucial regulators of this process, providing signals necessary for B cell survival in the germinal center. Here, we review the emerging roles of follicular T cells in the autoreactive germinal center. Recent advances in immunological techniques have allowed study of the gene expression profiles and repertoire of follicular T cells at unprecedented resolution. These studies provide insight into the potential role follicular T cells play in preventing or facilitating germinal center loss of tolerance. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of T cell help in autoreactive germinal centers provides novel therapeutic targets for diseases of germinal center dysfunction.
Interactive analysis of big geospatial data with high‐performance computing: A case study of partisan segregation in the United States
Authors: Kakkar Devika , Lewis Ben , Guan Wendy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearchers are increasingly working with large geospatial datasets that contain hundreds of millions of records. At this scale, desktop GIS systems typically fall short and so new approaches and methods are needed. The objective of this work is to develop new approaches to interactively analyze large datasets and then to demonstrate the usefulness of those approaches using a case study looking at voter, or partisan segregation. Historically, the measurement of partisan segregation has been limited to comparing large geographic areas such as counties or states because researchers only had access to aggregated data. In this case study, however, we measure partisan segregation down to the individual for 180 million U.S. voters using advanced geospatial data science and high‐performance computing. This article discusses interactive method development for big geospatial data analysis including techniques used, solutions developed, and processing time statistics.
Inter‐city association pattern recognition by constructing cultural semantic similarity network
Authors: Wang Haoran , Zhang Haiping , Tang Guoan , Zhou Lei , Jiang Shangjing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInter‐city association patterns can be embodied in many aspects, such as transportation, immigration, and the spread of diseases. Among these aspects, culture, as an important content of human society, is also a manifestation of inter‐city association. The recognition of inter‐city cultural association patterns plays an important role in understanding the spatial distribution pattern of culture. This article defines cultural eigenvectors to represent city cultural characteristics by mining the semantics of place names. On this basis, a cultural semantic similarity network (CSSN) is constructed to recognize inter‐city cultural association patterns. Meanwhile, the related algorithm is designed to discover the cultural spatial structures using China as a case study. Finally, four types of cultural hubs, four typical cultural belts, and 13 cultural circles are identified. This article not only recognizes the cultural importance and associations of Chinese cities, but also provides a reference for other city association studies.
Análisis de redes sociales de la red de conocimiento en salud pública del Observatorio Nacional de Salud de Colombia: un análisis de documentos
Authors: Misnaza Castrillón Sandra , Cruz Rivera Erica , Parra Aldo Iván , Salas Quijano Sandra , Giraldo Mayorga Diana Carolina , Santana Rodríguez Diana , Castañeda Orjuela Carlos 
Published: May 2022

Introducción: Los análisis de redes sociales (ARS) son útiles para identificar la proximidad entre actores y el grado de conocimiento entre ellos. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un ARS de la red de conocimiento en salud pública (RCSP) del Observatorio Nacional de Salud.
Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron 78 documentos técnicos de los actores de la red durante el periodo 2015-2019, los cuales fueron analizados empleando técnicas de minería de texto mediante el lenguaje de programación R, a partir de redes dirigidas y analizando indicadores de densidad, diámetro, distancia, centralidad de grado y centralidad de grado de entrada (CGE).
Resultados: El análisis de interacciones indicó que los actores que conformaban la RCSP mostraron mayor interés en la evaluación de políticas públicas (82 nodos) y enfermedades no transmisibles (79 nodos). En estas categorías se presentaron densidades bajas, indicando que hay una baja conectividad entre actores. Las CGE de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) fueron superiores a los actores nacionales.
Conclusiones: el ARS a partir de la minería de texto de producciones documentales, permitió identificar interacciones entre los actores en todas las categorías analizadas, mostrando mayor interacción en cuanto a evaluación e implementación de política y dimensiones del Plan Decenal de Salud Pública (PDSP) asociadas a una alta mortalidad.
Toward the Ultimate Goal on Simulating Multi-Phase Flows, Simulation of Film Boiling at High-Density Ratios
Authors: Mortazavi S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Flow boiling is a common phenomenon in modern technology and industries. A finite difference Front Tracking method is used to study film boiling on a flat plate subject to a constant heat flux. Large density ratios are examined (1000, 2000). The flow structure including the circulation zones, the vortex developing areas, and vortex pair generation are studied in detail. The numerical method is validated by comparing the result with the analytic solution for a simple problem. Large bubbles comparable to the computational domain are formed at large density ratios. The bubble either breaks up and departs from the rest of the gas, or a jet is formed depending on the heat flux imposed. It is found that the Nusselt number depends on the heat flux on the wall. Specifically, the Nusselt number decreases as the heat flux is raised. The Morton number also affects the Nusselt number in agreement with experimental correlations. The Nusselt number increases when the Morton number is raised. The results obtained agree with experimental correlations at relatively low heat fluxes. Agreement gets worse at large heat fluxes. Experimental correlations estimate larger Nusselt numbers compared to the present study. The flow enhances along the direction of the gravitational acceleration at large density ratios (2000). A wide neck is formed that stabilizes at a specific position inside the flow. The microstructure of the flow shows a vortex pair that develops beneath the root of the bubble at a large density ratio (2000).
Efficient Simulation of Convective Ovens in Automotive Paintshops
Authors: Johnson Tomas , Mark Andreas , Sandgren Niklas , Erhardsson Lars , Sandgren Simon , Edelvik Fredrik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Heat transfer modeling of large industrial ovens such as those used in automotive paintshops is difficult due to the large and multiple scales and long curing times. The flow inside a convective oven is turbulent, and the process includes large temperature gradients. An efficient simulation requires a simplified and localized model of the heat transfer coupling. We present a novel method with three ingredients: localization using local Nusselt numbers of the oven nozzles, projection of Nusselt number profiles onto the target, and efficient conduction modeling on a coarse background mesh. The approach, which was developed in a research project together with the Swedish automotive industry, makes it possible to accurately simulate a curing oven with close to real-time performance. The simulation results are demonstrated to be in close agreement with measurements from automotive production.
The Development of Bilateral Skill Symmetry: Insights From Gaelic Football Players and Coaches
Authors: Dillon Karol , Kinnerk Paul , Sherwin Ian , Kearney Philip E. 
Published: May 2022

Developing players who are adept at using both sides of the body (i.e., bilateral skill) is a challenge for coaches in many sports. With players being required to execute a range of skills with hand and foot on both sides of the body, Gaelic football provides an ideal natural laboratory for the study of laterality. Previous quantitative research has produced equivocal findings regarding the importance of bilateral skill performance in sport. In light of this equivocality, this paper utilized a qualitative approach to distill the beliefs and experiences of 14 players and five coaches who had performed at the highest level in Gaelic football. Three higher order categories were produced from the transcripts: the importance of being bilaterally skilled, the potential to develop bilateral skill, and methods to develop bilateral skills. Overall, this study highlights lessons for the design of future quantitative studies of bilateral skill in sport and should stimulate reflection on current practice regarding both short- and long-term bilateral skill development on the part of researchers, applied sport scientists, and coaches.
Acute interstitial nephritis after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Tan Felicia SC , Kabir Mohammad E , Bhandari Sunil 
Published: May 2022

A woman in her 70s presented to the hospital being generally unwell 8 days following the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination. She was in stage III acute kidney injury (AKI) with hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. Urinalysis showed haematoproteinuria. Renal immunology screen was negative. She subsequently underwent two renal biopsies. The second biopsy showed features consistent with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. She was commenced on oral steroids, which led to marked improvement of her renal function.There are reasons why AKI can occur post vaccination such as prerenal AKI from reduced oral intake postvaccination due to feeling unwell or developing vomiting or diarrhoea. Intravenous fluids were given to this patient but with no meaningful improvement in renal function. She developed a possible reaction to the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, which led to AKI as supported by the interstitial inflammation and presence of eosinophils on renal biopsy.
Validity of data extraction in evidence synthesis practice of adverse events: reproducibility study
Authors: Xu Chang , Yu Tianqi , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Lin Lifeng , Zorzela Liliane , Zhou Xiaoqin , Dai Hanming , Loke Yoon , Vohra Sunita 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the validity of data extraction in systematic reviews of adverse events, the effect of data extraction errors on the results, and to develop a classification framework for data extraction errors to support further methodological research.DesignReproducibility study.Data sourcesPubMed was searched for eligible systematic reviews published between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2020. Metadata from the randomised controlled trials were extracted from the systematic reviews by four authors. The original data sources (eg, full text and ClinicalTrials.gov) were then referred to by the same authors to reproduce the data used in these meta-analyses.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSystematic reviews were included when based on randomised controlled trials for healthcare interventions that reported safety as the exclusive outcome, with at least one pair meta-analysis that included five or more randomised controlled trials and with a 2×2 table of data for event counts and sample sizes in intervention and control arms available for each trial in the meta-analysis.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was data extraction errors summarised at three levels: study level, meta-analysis level, and systematic review level. The potential effect of such errors on the results was further investigated.Results201 systematic reviews and 829 pairwise meta-analyses involving 10 386 randomised controlled trials were included. Data extraction could not be reproduced in 1762 (17.0%) of 10 386 trials. In 554 (66.8%) of 829 meta-analyses, at least one randomised controlled trial had data extraction errors; 171 (85.1%) of 201 systematic reviews had at least one meta-analysis with data extraction errors. The most common types of data extraction errors were numerical errors (49.2%, 867/1762) and ambiguous errors (29.9%, 526/1762), mainly caused by ambiguous definitions of the outcomes. These categories were followed by three others: zero assumption errors, misidentification, and mismatching errors. The impact of these errors were analysed on 288 meta-analyses. Data extraction errors led to 10 (3.5%) of 288 meta-analyses changing the direction of the effect and 19 (6.6%) of 288 meta-analyses changing the significance of the P value. Meta-analyses that had two or more different types of errors were more susceptible to these changes than those with only one type of error (for moderate changes, 11 (28.2%) of 39v26 (10.4%) 249, P=0.002; for large changes, 5 (12.8%) of 39v8 (3.2%) of 249, P=0.01).ConclusionSystematic reviews of adverse events potentially have serious issues in terms of the reproducibility of the data extraction, and these errors can mislead the conclusions. Implementation guidelines are urgently required to help authors of future systematic reviews improve the validity of data extraction.
Public health impact of covid-19 vaccines in the US: observational study
Authors: Suthar Amitabh Bipin , Wang Jing , Seffren Victoria , Wiegand Ryan E , Griffing Sean , Zell Elizabeth 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of vaccine scale-up on population level covid-19 mortality and incidence in the United States.DesignObservational study.SettingUS county level case surveillance and vaccine administration data reported from 14 December 2020 to 18 December 2021.ParticipantsResidents of 2558 counties from 48 US states.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was county covid-19 mortality rates (deaths/100 000 population/county week). The secondary outcome was incidence of covid-19 (cases/100 000 population/county week). Incidence rate ratios were used to compare rates across vaccination coverage levels. The impact of a 10% improvement in county vaccination coverage (defined as at least one dose of a covid-19 vaccine among adults ≥18 years of age) was estimated During the eras of alpha and delta variant predominance, the impact of very low (0-9%), low (10-39%), medium (40-69%), and high (≥70%) vaccination coverage levels was compared.ResultsIn total, 30 643 878 cases of covid-19 and 439 682 deaths associated with covid-19 occurred over 132 791 county weeks. A 10% improvement in vaccination coverage was associated with an 8% (95% confidence interval 8% to 9%) reduction in mortality rates and a 7% (6% to 8%) reduction in incidence. Higher vaccination coverage levels were associated with reduced mortality and incidence rates during the eras of alpha and delta variant predominance.ConclusionsHigher vaccination coverage was associated with lower rates of population level covid-19 mortality and incidence in the US.
Long term impact of prophylactic antibiotic use before incision versus after cord clamping on children born by caesarean section: longitudinal study of UK electronic health records
Authors: Šumilo Dana , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Willis Brian H , Rudge Gavin M , Martin James , Gokhale Krishna , Thayakaran Rasiah , Adderley Nicola J , Chandan Joht Singh , Okoth Kelvin , Harris Isobel M , Hewston Ruth , Skrybant Magdalena , Deeks Jonathan J , Brocklehurst Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact on child health up to age 5 years of a policy to use antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section before incision compared with after cord clamping.DesignObservational controlled interrupted time series study.SettingUK primary and secondary care.Participants515 945 children born in 2006-18 with linked maternal records and registered with general practices contributing to two UK primary care databases (The Health Improvement Network and Clinical Practice Research Datalink), and 7 147 884 children with linked maternal records in the Hospital Episode Statistics database covering England, of which 3 945 351 were linked to hospitals that reported the year of policy change to administer prophylactic antibiotics for caesarean section before incision rather than after cord clamping.InterventionFetal exposure to antibiotics shortly before birth (using pre-incision antibiotic policy as proxy) compared with no exposure.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were incidence rate ratios of asthma and eczema in children born by caesarean section when pre-incision prophylactic antibiotics were recommended compared with those born when antibiotics were administered post-cord clamping, adjusted for temporal changes in the incidence rates in children born vaginally.ResultsProphylactic antibiotics administered before incision for caesarean section compared with after cord clamping were not associated with a significantly higher risk of asthma (incidence rate ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.05) or eczema (0.98, 0.94 to 1.03), including asthma and eczema resulting in hospital admission (1.05, 0.99 to 1.11 and 0.96, 0.71 to 1.29, respectively), up to age 5 years.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence of an association between pre-incision prophylactic antibiotic use and risk of asthma and eczema in early childhood in children born by caesarean section.
Diagnosis and management of covid-19 in pregnancy
Authors: Nana Melanie , Hodson Kenneth , Lucas Nuala , Camporota Luigi , Knight Marian , Nelson-Piercy Cathy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPregnant women with covid-19 are at greater risk of severe disease than their non-pregnant peers, and yet they are frequently denied investigations or treatments because of unfounded concerns about risk to the fetus. The basic principles of diagnosing and managing covid-19 are the same as for non-pregnant patients, and a multidisciplinary, expert team approach is essential to ensure optimal care. During pregnancy, treatment with corticosteroids should be modified to use non-fluorinated glucocorticoids. Il-6 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, together with specific antiviral therapies, may also be considered. Prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism is important. Women may require respiratory support with oxygen, non-invasive ventilation, ventilation in a prone position (either awake or during invasive ventilation), intubation and ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Pregnancy is not a contraindication for any of these supportive therapies, and the criteria for providing them are the same as in the general population. Decisions regarding timing, place, and mode of delivery should be taken with a multidisciplinary team including obstetricians, physicians, anesthetists, and intensivists experienced in the care of covid-19 in pregnancy. Ideally these decisions should take place in consultation with centers that have experience and expertise in all these specialties.