bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Badri Milad , Olfatifar Meysam , KarimiPourSaryazdi Amir , Zaki Leila , Madeira de Carvalho Luis Manuel , Fasihi Harandi Majid , Barikbin Fatemeh , Madani Parisa , Vafae Eslahi Aida 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpirometra infection is aneglected food‐ and waterborne disease with worldwide distribution.ObjectivesThe present study aims to estimate the global prevalence of Spirometra species in snakes, frogs, dogs and cats.MethodsMultiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literatures published up to March 2022.ResultsAmong 131 data sets (including 113 articles) that met the inclusion, 15 investigations reported Spirometra infection in snakes, 23 in frogs, 41 in dogs and 52 in cats. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) in intermediate hosts and definitive hosts was found to be 0.313% and 0.089%, respectively. Based on continent, the infection was most prevalent in Asia for studies on snakes (0.696%) and frogs (0.181%), while Africa (0.224%) and Oceania (0.203%) were the regions with the highest pooled prevalence rates of the infection in dogs and cats, respectively. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest pooled prevalence was related to morphological method for studies on snakes, frog and cats with rate of 0.665%, 0.189% and 0.104%, respectively. Regarding studies on dogs, the highest pooled prevalence was observed for molecular technique (0.101%).ConclusionsThe results presented here revealed the importance of establishing a prevention and control measure focused on protection of aquaculture systems from being contaminated with faeces of dogs and cats, and raising awareness of parasitic zoonotic diseases to decrease the transmission risk.
’t Hooft expansion of SO(N) and Sp(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM revisited
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study the ’t Hooft expansion of d = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory with the gauge group SO(N) or Sp(N). We consider the 1/N5 expansion with fixed gsN5, where gs denotes the string coupling of bulk type IIB string theory on AdS5×$$ \mathbbm{RP} $$
RP
5 and N5 refers to the RR 5-form flux through $$ \mathbbm{RP} $$
RP
5. N5 differs from N due to a shift coming from the RR charge of O3-plane. As an example, we consider the 1/N5 expansion of the free energy of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on S4 and the 1/2 BPS circular Wilson loops in the fundamental representation of SO(N) or Sp(N). We find that the 1/N5 expansion is more “closed string like” than the ordinary 1/N expansion.
Sasakian Structures on Tangent Sphere Bundles of Compact Rank-One Symmetric Spaces
Authors: González-Dávila J. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA positive answer is given to the existence of Sasakian structures on the tangent sphere bundle of some Riemannian manifold whose sectional curvature is not constant. Among other results, it is proved that the tangent sphere bundle $$T_{r}(G/K),$$

T
r

(
G
/
K
)

,

for any $$r> 0,$$

r
>
0
,

of a compact rank-one symmetric space G/K, not necessarily of constant sectional curvature, admits a unique G-invariant K-contact structure whose characteristic vector field is the standard field of T(G/K). Such a structure is in fact Sasakian and it can be expressed as an induced structure from an almost Hermitian structure on the punctured tangent bundle $$T(G/K){\setminus } \{\text{ zero } \text{ section }\}.$$

T
(
G
/
K
)
\
{

zero

section

}
.
Étale Covers and Fundamental Groups of Schematic Finite Spaces
Authors: Sánchez González J. , Tejero Prieto C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe introduce the category of finite étale covers of an arbitrary schematic space X and show that, equipped with an appropriate natural fiber functor, it is a Galois Category. This allows us to define the étale fundamental group of schematic spaces. If X is a finite model of a scheme S, we show that the resulting Galois theory on X coincides with the classical theory of finite étale covers on S, and therefore, we recover the classical étale fundamental group introduced by Grothendieck. To prove these results, it is crucial to find a suitable geometric notion of connectedness for schematic spaces and also to study their geometric points. We achieve these goals by means of the strong cohomological constraints enjoyed by schematic spaces.
Urban–rural disparities in diabetes-related mortality in the USA 1999–2019
Authors: Kobo Ofer , Van Spall Harriette G. C. , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Our study aimed to examine the trends in diabetes-related mortality in urban and rural areas in the USA over the past two decades.

Methods
We examined the trends in diabetes-related mortality (as the underlying or a contributing cause of death) in urban and rural areas in the USA between 1999 and 2019, using the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database. We estimated the 20 year trends of the age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 100,000 population in urban vs rural counties.

Results
The AAMR of diabetes was higher in rural than urban areas across all subgroups. In urban areas, there was a significant decrease in the AAMR of diabetes as the underlying (−16.7%) and contributing (−13.5%) cause of death (ptrend<0.001), which was not observed in rural areas (+2.6%, +8.9%, respectively). AAMRs of diabetes decreased more significantly in female compared with male individuals, both in rural and urban areas. Among people younger than 55 years old, there was a temporal increase in diabetes-related AAMR (+13.8% to +65.2%). While the diabetes-related AAMRs of American Indian patients decreased in all areas (−19.8% to −40.5%, all ptrend<0.001), diabetes-related AAMRs of Black and White patients decreased significantly in urban (−26.6% to −28.3% and −10.7% to −15.4%, respectively, all ptrend<0.001) but not rural areas (−6.5% to +1.8%, +2.4% to +10.6%, respectively, ptrend NS, NS, NS and <0.001).

Conclusions/interpretation
The temporal decrease in diabetes-related mortality in the USA has been observed only in urban areas, and mainly among female and older patients. A synchronised effort is needed to improve cardiovascular health indices and healthcare access in rural areas and to decrease diabetes-related mortality.

Graphical abstract
The incidence of unexpected uterine malignancies in hysterectomies carried out for benign indications
Authors: Ding Yuanyuan , Han Yana , Zhang Sanyuan , Shi Xiaorong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of unexpected uterine malignancies in patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications and to evaluate their clinical characteristics.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent benign hysterectomy in the Department of Gynecology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to December 2020. The clinical data of these patients were retrieved and collected.

Results
Their median age was 49.8 years (31–82 years). The mean parity was 1.86 ± 2.54. Their mean BMI was 27.5 ± 7.6 kg/m2. 42.90% were (2438/5683) postmenopausal. The benign indications of procedure were as follows: symptomatic uterine leiomyomas 2218/5683 (39.02%), pelvic organ prolapse 1406/5683 (24.74%), symptomatic endometriosis or adenomyosis 1132/5683 (19.91%), and 927/5683 (16.31%) to treat other benign conditions such as abnormal uterine bleeding, infection, polyps, and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. In minimally invasive surgery subgroups, 1560/2621 (59.52%) specimens were removed by in-bag manual morcellation through vaginal cuff. The mean operative time of minimally invasive surgery with in-bag morcellation was shorter than abdominal hysterectomy (96.75 ± 35.7 vs. 140 ± 32.6, P < .001), and the estimated blood loss was also less than abdominal hysterectomy (47.35 ± 42.3 vs. 170 ± 60.4, P < .001). A total of 19/5683 (0.33%) unexpected uterine malignancies were recorded, of which 14/5683 (0.26%) were unexpected endometrial carcinomas and 5/5683 (0.08%) were unexpected uterine sarcomas.

Conclusion
Preoperative examination in the context of benign hysterectomy must be undertaken with care, and patients should be educated about the very slight possibility of a malignant diagnosis.
Extended calculation method for determining the pitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears
Authors: Drechsel Alexander , Constien Lorenz , Pellkofer Josef , Boiadjiev Ivan , Stahl Karsten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe flank load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears is mainly limited by the failure modes pitting, scuffing, tooth flank fracture and the phenomenon micropitting. By application of a standardized calculation method, e.g. according to the international standard ISO 10300:2014, a first estimation of the flank load carrying capacity can be made based on the macro geometry of the bevel or hypoid gear set. According to method B of ISO 10300:2014 the complexity of the real geometry of bevel and hypoid gears is reduced to a virtual cylindrical gear geometry.The load carrying capacity regarding scuffing, micropitting and tooth flank fracture can be determined by using the virtual cylindrical gear geometry along the path of contact. However, the determination of the pitting load carrying capacity is carried out on a single representative point on the path of contact of the virtual cylindrical gear.This paper shows an extended calculation method for the determination of the pitting load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears along the path of contact of the virtual cylindrical gear geometry. Due to the calculation along the path of contact the extended method allows a more precise estimation of the pitting load carrying capacity than the current standard calculation method ISO 10300-2:2014 using the same input data. Within this paper all relevant factors of the extended calculation method are explained in detail. Furthermore, the verification of the extended calculation method with calculation results of an intense validated loaded tooth contact analysis, corresponding to method A of ISO 10300-2:2014, is presented.
Realistic visualization of debris flow type landslides through virtual reality
Authors: Alene Gebray H. , Vicari Hervé , Irshad Shafaq , Perkis Andrew , Bruland Oddbjørn , Thakur Vikas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmersive media technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, have recently enabled a more holistic way to comprehend natural hazards. In this work, we aim at visualizing the temporal and spatial evolution of a debris flow in a virtual reality environment. We develop a framework to integrate the output results obtained from a debris flow numerical model into virtual reality. To guide the framework, a real debris flow event, which happened in Hunnedalen (Norway) in 2016 and blocked a road network, is considered as a case study. The debris flow is back-calculated using a depth-averaged numerical model and the simulation results are imported into a dedicated game engine to construct a digital model of the debris flow event. The debris flow is visualized using a Head-Mounted Display. We therefore discuss a wide range of potential applications of virtual reality to manage and grasp landslide phenomena: training for rescue operations; improving decision-making; studying early warning systems, and educating communities affected by natural hazards. We finally provide a quantitative evaluation of the hazard perception for a road user. We show that the debris flow movement is perceived at variable delayed times from the triggering of the landslide, depending on the position along the road where the debris flow is observed. Evaluating the realistic perception time of the natural hazard may be fundamental to designing more effective road networks, signs, and mitigation measures.
Antidepressant medication use and prostate cancer recurrence in men with depressive disorders
Authors: Haque Reina , Reading Stephanie , Irwin Michael R. , Chen Lie Hong , Slezak Jeff 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Whether treating prostate cancer survivors with a depressive disorder with antidepressants can affect their cancer outcomes is unknown. We evaluated the association between antidepressant use and prostate cancer recurrence, in survivors with comorbid depressive disorders.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 10,017 men with prostate cancer (stages I–II) diagnosed who also had a comorbid depressive disorder followed a maximum of 22 years, and examined rates of biochemical recurrence by antidepressant medication use. We conducted multivariable Cox models based on time-dependent antidepressant drug use status, and examined the risk of biochemical recurrence by cumulative duration of antidepressant use.

Results
Of these 10,017 survivors, 1842 (18%) experienced biochemical recurrence over 69,500 person-years of follow-up. The prostate cancer biochemical recurrence rate was greater with antidepressant non-use (31.3/1000 person-years) compared to antidepressant use (23.5/1000 person-years). In Cox proportional hazards multivariable adjusted models, non-use of antidepressants was associated with a 34% increased risk of biochemical recurrence compared to antidepressant use (HR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24–1.44). Longer use of antidepressants was associated with a lower biochemical recurrence risk (P trend test < 0.001).

Conclusion
Untreated depressive disorders in prostate cancer patients may be associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence.
Initial teacher education (ITE) students’ perceptions of typical engineers: assessing potential for bias in the formative career decision years
Authors: Fox-Turnbull Wendy H. , Docherty Paul D. , Zaka Pinelopi , Impey Tessa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is a recognised lack of women participating in engineering and STEM in most western countries. However, it is desirable for engineering cohorts to have a broad diversity. Hence, girls need to be encouraged into all engineering fields, but especially those traditionally dominated by men such as civil, mechanical and software engineering. A number of factors influence students’ critical career decisions. In particular, teachers influence their students in a number of different ways, some overt and others subliminal, including influencing students’ self-image and belief in capability. Students between the ages of 11–13 years often develop images of themselves that can exclude them from careers in technology related careers such as engineering.This study conducted structured interviews with 20 initial teacher education students and two of their lecturers. The interviews considered the students experiences in their own career selection, the reasons one may encourage someone to consider engineering, and the participants of engineering and engineering practice. Interpretation of interview transcriptions indicated that most final year teacher-education students held either limited or stereotypical views of engineering. Participants thought of engineers as mainly for men or “country-type” girls who were good at maths and science. Most recognised the practical nature of engineering, some the academic nature. There was little recognition of the social and empathetic characteristics required.These outcomes imply a gap in understanding that may cause teachers to rely on their gender prejudice, rather than the skills beneficial in the career when providing career advice to potential engineers.
Links Between Feeding Preferences and Electroantennogram Response Profiles in Dung Beetles: The Importance of Dung Odor Bouquets
Authors: Urrutia Miguel A. , Cortez Vieyle , Verdú José R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe detection of dung odors is a crucial step in the food-searching behavior of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). Yet, whether certain compounds characteristic of a given dung type contribute to a ‘choosy generalism’ behavior proposed for this taxonomic group is unknown. To address this, we analyzed the chemical composition of three types of dung (cow, horse, and rabbit) and conducted behavioral and electroantennogram (EAG) bioassays on 15 species of dung beetles using 19 volatile organic compounds representing the three dung samples. Chemical analyses revealed substantial qualitative and quantitative differences among dung types. When offered these food options in an olfactometer, 14 species exhibited a feeding preference. Surprisingly, all 19 compounds used in the EAG assays elicited antennal responses, with species displaying different olfactory profiles. The relationship between behavioral preferences and electrophysiological profiles highlighted that species with different food preferences had differences in antennal responses. Moreover, a specific set of EAG-active compounds (nonanal, sabinene, acetophenone, ρ-cresol, 2-heptanone, 1H-indole, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) were the strongest drivers in the distinct sensory profiles of the trophic preference groups. Our results point to the importance of the whole bouquet of dung-emanating compounds in driving food-searching behavior, but specific volatiles could aid in determining highly marked trophic preferences in certain species.
Down a Rabbit Hole: Burrowing Behaviour and Larger Home Ranges are Related to Larger Brains in Leporids
Authors: Todorov Orlin S. , Hird Coen , Kraatz Brian , Sherratt Emma , Hill Narelle , de Sousa Alexandra A. , Blomberg Simone , Weisbecker Vera 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStudies on the evolution of brain size variation usually focus on large clades encompassing broad phylogenetic groups. This risks introducing ‘noise’ in the results, often obscuring effects that might be detected in less inclusive clades. Here, we focus on a sample of endocranial volumes (endocasts) of 18 species of rabbits and hares (Lagomorpha: Leporidae), which are a discrete radiation of mammals with a suitably large range of body sizes. Using 60 individuals, we test five popular hypotheses on brain size and olfactory bulb evolution in mammals. We also address the pervasive issue of missing data, using multiple phylogenetic imputations as to conserve the full sample size for all analyses. Our analyses show that home range and burrowing behaviour are the only predictors of leporid brain size variation. Litter size, which is one of the most widely reported constraints on brain size, was unexpectedly not associated with brain size. However, a constraining effect may be masked by a strong association of litter size with temperature seasonality, warranting further study. Lastly, we show that unreasonable estimations of phylogenetic signal (Pagel’s lamba) warrant additional caution when using small sample sizes, such as ours, in comparative studies.
Differential diagnosis of infectious diseases, drug-induced lung injury, and pulmonary infiltration due to underlying malignancy in patients with hematological malignancy using HRCT
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kunihiro Yoshie , Kawano Reo , Yujiri Toshiaki , Ueda Kazuhiro , Gondo Toshikazu , Kobayashi Taiga , Matsumoto Tsuneo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To differentiate among infectious diseases, drug-induced lung injury (DILI) and pulmonary infiltration due to underlying malignancy (PIUM) based on high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) findings from patients with hematological malignancies who underwent chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Materials and methods
A total of 221 immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancies who had proven chest complications (141 patients with infectious diseases, 24 with DILI and 56 with PIUM) were included. Two chest radiologists evaluated the HRCT findings, including ground-glass opacity, consolidation, nodules, and thickening of bronchovascular bundles (BVBs) and interlobular septa (ILS). After comparing these CT findings among the three groups using the χ2test, multiple logistic regression analyses (infectious vs noninfectious diseases, DILI vs non-DILI, and PIUM vs non-PIUM) were performed to detect useful indicators for differentiation.

Results
Significant differences were detected in many HRCT findings by the χ2 test. The results from the multiple logistic regression analyses identified several indicators: nodules without a perilymphatic distribution [p = 0.012, odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 4.464 (1.355–11.904)], nodules with a tree-in-bud pattern [p = 0.011, 8.364 (1.637–42.741)], and the absence of ILS thickening[p = 0.003, 3.621 (1.565–8.381)] for infectious diseases, the presence of ILS thickening [p = 0.001, 7.166 (2.343–21.915)] for DILI, and nodules with a perilymphatic distribution [p = 0.011, 4.256 (1.397–12.961)] and lymph node enlargement (p = 0.008, 3.420 (1.385–8.441)] for PIUM.

Conclusion
ILS thickening, nodules with a perilymphatic distribution, tree-in-bud pattern, and lymph node enlargement could be useful indicators for differentiating among infectious diseases, DILI, and PIUM in patients with hematological malignancies.
The Molecular Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liew Anthony Kin Yip , Teo Chuin Hau , Soga Tomoko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is an environmental paradigm encompassing sensory, cognitive, and physical stimulation at a heightened level. Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of EE in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus. EE improves cognitive function as well as ameliorates depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, making it a potentially effective neuroprotective strategy against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we summarize the current evidence for EE as a neuroprotective strategy as well as the potential molecular pathways that can explain the effects of EE from a biochemical perspective using animal models. The effectiveness of EE in enhancing brain activity against neurodegeneration is explored with a view to differences present in early and late life EE exposure, with its potential application in human being discussed. We discuss EE as one of the non pharmacological approaches in preventing or delaying the onset of AD for future research.