bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of adjuvant nortriptyline on the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy: A randomized controlled trial and 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Pluijms Esther M. , Kamperman Astrid M. , Hoogendijk Witte J. G. , van den Broek Walter W. , Birkenhäger Tom K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is limited evidence that adding an antidepressant to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), compared with ECT monotherapy, improves outcomes. We aimed to determine whether the addition of nortriptyline to ECT enhances its efficacy and prevents post‐ECT relapse.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (RCT). Patients with major depressive disorder and an indication for ECT received either nortriptyline or placebo during a bilateral ECT course. Outcome measures were mean decrease in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score, response, remission, and time to response and remission. Patients who attained remission participated in a 1‐year follow‐up study with open‐label nortriptyline. Outcome measures were relapse and time to relapse.ResultsWe included 47 patients in the RCT. In the nortriptyline group, 83% showed response, 74% attained remission, and the mean decrease in HRSD score was 21.6 points. In the placebo group these figures were, respectively, 81% (p = 0.945), 73% (p = 0.928) and 20.7 points (p = 0.748). Thirty‐one patients participated in the follow‐up study. In patients who had received nortriptyline during the RCT, 47% relapsed at a mean of 34.2 weeks. Patients who had received placebo showed similar treatment results. In both study phases, no statistically significant differences between the nortriptyline and the placebo group were found.ConclusionIn our sample of severely depressed patients who were often medication resistant and suffering from psychotic depression, the addition of nortriptyline to ECT did not enhance its efficacy or prevent post‐ECT relapse. Encouragingly, even in these patients ECT was highly effective and relapse rates were relatively low.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of adverse neonatal outcomes: A comprehensive investigation of previously identified associations
Authors: Rommel Anna‐Sophie , Momen Natalie C. , Molenaar Nina Maren , Agerbo Esben , Bergink Veerle , Munk‐Olsen Trine , Liu Xiaoqin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivePrenatal antidepressant use is widespread. Observational studies have investigated the neonatal effects of prenatal antidepressant exposure with inconclusive results. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the associations between prenatal antidepressant exposure and the most commonly studied adverse neonatal outcomes: preterm birth, birthweight, poor neonatal adaptation, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), neonatal admission and congenital malformations.MethodsWe included 45,590 singletons (born 1997‐2015) whose mothers used antidepressants within one year before pregnancy. Children were categorised into two groups: continuation (antidepressant use before and during pregnancy) or discontinuation (antidepressant use before but not during pregnancy). We applied random‐effects logistic and linear regressions, adjusting for covariates.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, prenatal antidepressant exposure was associated with a 2.3 day (95% CI −2.9; −2.0) decrease in gestational age and a 51 g (95% CI −62g; −41 g) decrease in birthweight. The continuation group was at increased risk for moderate‐to‐late preterm birth (32–37 weeks) (aOR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.33; 1.55), moderately low birthweight (1500–2499 g) (aOR = 1.28; 95%CI 1.17; 1.41), postnatal adaptation syndrome (aOR = 2.59; 95%CI 1.87; 3.59) and neonatal admission (aOR = 1.52; 95%CI 1.44; 1.60) compared to the discontinuation group.ConclusionPrenatal antidepressant exposure was associated with small decreases in gestational age and birthweight, as well as higher risk for moderate‐to‐late preterm birth, moderately low birthweight, neonatal admission and postnatal adaptation syndrome. No differences in risk were found for PPHN, or congenital malformations. The causality of the observed associations cannot be established due to the potential for unmeasured residual confounding linked to the underlying disease.
Temporal changes in sex‐ and age‐specific incidence profiles of mental disorders—A nationwide study from 1970 to 2016
Authors: Plana‐Ripoll Oleguer , Momen Natalie C. , McGrath John J. , Wimberley Theresa , Brikell Isabell , Schendel Diana , Thygesen Malene , Weye Nanna , Pedersen Carsten B. , Mors Ole , Mortensen Preben B. , Dalsgaard Søren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveInformation on mental disorders over time is critical for documenting changes in population burden, and aiding understanding of potential causal and non‐causal factors. The aim of this study was to provide temporal changes in the sex‐ and age‐specific incidence rates (IR) of mental disorders diagnosed in Danish hospitals during five decades and investigate whether such changes may be attributable to changes in administrative reporting practice.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study included all people living in Denmark between 1970 and 2016. Mental disorders diagnoses were obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register. We estimated the IR of each mental disorder (all persons, and sex‐ and age‐specific IRs) and examined the impact of two administrative changes.ResultsOur study included 9 107 157 people, followed for 233.0 million person‐years. During follow‐up, 9.5% were diagnosed with at least one mental disorder. The IR for any mental disorder was 39.0 per 10,000 person‐years. Despite fluctuations, this increased between 1970–84 and 2005–2016, from 28.9 to 63.0 per 10,000 person‐years. Increases were most pronounced for younger age groups. Administrative changes did appear to influence incidence rates.ConclusionMental disorder IRs have increased in Denmark since 1970, with age of diagnosis shifting downwards. Both trends were likely impacted by administrative changes, while the latter is likely to be (partly) attributable to earlier detection and increased reporting of child‐onset conditions. Our findings may provide valuable context of the epidemiology of mental disorders across age groups for comparison with other studies and populations.
Antipsychotic utilization trajectories three years after initiating or reinitiating treatment of schizophrenia: A state sequence analysis approach
Authors: Brodeur Sébastien , Vanasse Alain , Courteau Josiane , Courteau Mireille , Stip Emmanuel , Fleury Marie‐Josée , Lesage Alain , Demers Marie‐France , Roy Marc‐André 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to describe the utilization patterns of antipsychotic (AP) medication in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), three years after initiating or reinitiating a given AP.MethodsBased on medico‐administrative information on patients living in Quebec (Canada), this retrospective cohort study included 6444 patients with a previous diagnosis of SCZ initiating or reinitiating AP medication between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, with continuous coverage by public drug insurance. For each day of follow‐up (1092 days), patient was either exposed to one of the chosen categories of APs, or to none. This patient’s sequence of AP exposure overtime has been referred to as the “antipsychotic utilization trajectory”. These trajectories were analyzed using a State Sequence Analysis, an innovative approach which provides useful visual information on the continuation and discontinuation patterns of use over time.ResultsClozapine and long‐acting injectable second‐generation APs had the best continuation and discontinuation patterns over 3 years among all other groups, including less switching of APs, while oral first‐generation APs had the poorest patterns. These findings were comparable among incident and non‐incident cohorts. Oral second‐generation antipsychotics, excluding clozapine, had a poorer continuation and discontinuation pattern than long‐acting injectable antipsychotics.ConclusionState Sequence Analysis provides a clear representation of treatment adherence in comparison with dichotomous indicators of adherence or discontinuation. Consequently, this innovative method has shed light on the impact of the AP chosen to initiate or reinitiate treatment in SCZ, which has been identified as a key factor for long‐term treatment continuation and discontinuation.
Incidental finding of juvenile angiofibroma from pre‐orthodontic radiographs: two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Rizwan S , Huang TC , Koong B , Bynevelt M , Stamatis J , Goonewardene R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis case series presents two asymptomatic cases of juvenile angiofibroma which were initially incidentally identified in pre‐orthodontic radiographs. Juvenile angiofibroma is an uncommon, locally aggressive benign, vascular neoplasm with invasive growth patterns. Due to the hypervascularity of these tumours, there are biopsy associated risks and multi‐slice computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography are usually employed for diagnosis. Early pre‐symptomatic identification of this lesion facilitates early management and limiting potential life‐threatening complications. This highlights the importance of thorough interpretation of dental radiographs, including the evaluation of structures which are not in the primary region of interest. © 2022 Australian Dental Association
Bessel regression and bbreg package to analyse bounded data
Authors: Barreto‐Souza Wagner , Mayrink Vinícius D. , Simas Alexandre B. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBeta regression has been extensively used by statisticians and practitioners to model bounded continuous data without a strong competitor having the same main features. A class of normalised inverse‐Gaussian (N‐IG) process was introduced in the literature and has been explored in the Bayesian context as a powerful alternative to the Dirichlet process. Until this moment, no attention has been paid to the univariate N‐IG distribution in the classical inference. In this paper, we propose the bessel regression based on the univariate N‐IG distribution, which is an alternative to the beta model. The estimation of the parameters is done through an expectation–maximisation (EM) algorithm and the paper discusses how to perform inference. A useful and practical discrimination procedure is proposed for model selection between bessel and beta regressions. A newRpackage calledbbregis developed for fitting both bessel and beta regression models based on the EM‐algorithm and further providing graphical tools for model adequacy and model selection as well. Proper documentation for this package is available. The performances of the models are evaluated under misspecification in a simulation study. An empirical illustration is explored to confront results from bessel and beta regressions by using the newRpackagebbreg.
Association of early discharge with increased likelihood of hospital readmission in first four weeks for vaginally delivered neonates
Authors: Pohjanpää Maria , Ojala Riitta , Luukkaala Tiina , Gissler Mika , Tammela Outi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe main aim was to determine whether hospital readmission rates by 28 days of age are elevated with early discharge (ED) in Finland. We sought to identify the causes and predictors of ED, readmission rates, admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) and death.MethodsThe data of 333,321 infants were retrieved from nationwide registers. Vaginally delivered single infants at gestational ages (GAs) of ≥37+0, born in 2008–2015 and treated in any maternity ward in Finland, were included. ED was defined as discharge on the day of birth or after one night stay on the maternity ward.ResultsDuring the study period, the ED and hospital readmission rates increased. Low‐risk infants and those born in high population‐density areas were more likely to be discharged early. ED predicted hospital readmission but not ICU admission or death. The most common reason for readmission was jaundice, followed by infection. ED seemed not to predict severe cardiologic problems. Rather than ED, being born at 38+0–38+6 weeks’ GA significantly predicted ICU admission or death.ConclusionEarly discharge seems to be associated with increased hospital readmission. Birth at 38+0–38+6 weeks’ GA was a significant predictor of ICU admission or death, as opposed to early discharged infants.
A high percentage of hospital‐acquired neonatal bacteraemia but rare resistance to standard antibiotic regimens
Authors: Dabaja‐Younis Halima , Atrash‐Nimri Nili , Diab Shaden , Jubran Huda , Geffen Yuval , Kassis Imad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimWe examined community and hospital‐acquired bacteraemia, namely bloodstream infections or meningitis, and looked at the clinical features and outcomes of cases.MethodsThe study comprised infants under 3 months of age, who were admitted to a tertiary referral centre in northern Israel with bacteraemia from 2010–2019. Causative pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility and mortality were retrospectively recorded.ResultsWe identified 314 infants, 325 episodes of bacteraemia and 344 pathogens. Meningitis was identified in 22 (7.0%) infants. Hospital‐acquired bacteraemia accounted for 84.8% of the 325 episodes. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci (33.9%) was the most prevalent pathogen in the hospital‐acquired cases, while Escherichia coli (37.2%) dominated the community‐acquired cases. The susceptibility of Gram‐negative early‐onset sepsis cases to ampicillin–gentamicin or ampicillin–cefotaxime was 96% and 94.7% for hospital‐acquired cases and 91.7% and 88% for community‐acquired cases, respectively. Susceptibility to piperacillin–tazobactam or amikacin in late‐onset sepsis were 92.8% and 98%, respectively, in hospital‐acquired cases. The 30‐day mortality was 5.7% in infants with hospital‐acquired cases. Risk factors were Arab ethnicity (p < 0.028), haemodynamic instability (<0.001) and Gram‐negative sepsis (0.043).ConclusionMost cases of bacteraemia were acquired during hospitalisation and these accounted for the majority of the deaths. Resistance to standard antibiotic regimens was rare.
Muscle endoplasmic reticulum stress in exercise
Authors: Marafon Bruno B. , Pinto Ana P. , Ropelle Eduardo R. , de Moura Leandro P. , Cintra Dennys E. , Pauli José R. , da Silva Adelino S. R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for the post‐translational folding and modification of proteins. Under stress conditions, such as physical exercise, there is accumulation of misfolded proteins. The increased load of proteins in the ER results in ER stress, which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is comprised of three parallel pathways, responsible for ensuring the quality of secreted proteins. Scientific studies show that resistance or endurance acute physical exercise can induce ER stress and activate the UPR pathways. On the other hand, regular moderate‐intensity exercise can attenuate the responses of genes and proteins related to ER stress. However, these positive adaptations do not occur when exercise intensity and volume increase without adequate rest periods, which is observed in overtraining. The current review discusses the frontier‐of‐knowledge findings on the effects of different acute and chronic physical exercise protocols on skeletal muscle ER stress and its metabolic consequences.
Beyond sustainable livelihoods: A diverse economies approach to rural peasant livelihoods in China's Qinghai Province
Authors: Duojie Caihuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper delves into rural peasants' livelihood‐related agrarian changes revolving around their three major livelihood strategies in Qinghai. These strategies include peasant agriculture, seasonal migrant labour and caterpillar fungus harvesting, the latter two of which have been adopted since the mid‐1990s. The research particularly focuses on rural Tibetan peasants' lived experiences in their efforts to achieve sustainable livelihoods through these three strategies in a specific village context. In doing so, the paper highlights resources, qualifications, opportunities, changes and challenges in rural peasants' livelihood realities. The empirical evidence from this paper suggests that rural Tibetan peasants' diverse ways of making livelihoods have a greater potential to imagine and build sustainable and equitable livelihoods. I argue that sustainable livelihoods approaches must be pursued in tandem with a diverse economies framework for analysing rural peasants' present way of making livelihoods. This new and critical way of studying rural peasant livelihoods can particularly highlight non‐capitalist economic relations and practices that are the major contributors to sustainable and equitable livelihoods for Tibetan peasants.
Methyltransferase SETD2 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis via STAT1–IL‐8 signaling‐mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Xin , Chen Rui , Chen Yan , Zhou You , Wu Chen , Li Qing , Wu Jun , Hu Wen‐wei , Zhao Wei‐qing , Wei Wei , Shi Jun‐tao , Ji Mei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major subtype of non–small‐cell lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The histone H3K36 methyltransferase SETD2 has been reported to be frequently mutated or deleted in types of human cancer. However, the functions of SETD2 in tumor growth and metastasis in LUAD has not been well illustrated. Here, we found that SETD2 was significantly downregulated in human lung cancer and greatly impaired proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that SETD2 overexpression significantly attenuated the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LUAD cells. RNA‐seq analysis identified differentially expressed transcripts that showed an elevated level of interleukin 8 (IL‐8) in STED2‐knockdown LUAD cells, which was further verified using qPCR, western blot, and promoter luciferase report assay. Mechanically, SETD2‐mediated H3K36me3 prevented assembly of Stat1 on the IL‐8 promoter and contributed to the inhibition of tumorigenesis in LUAD. Our findings highlight the suppressive role of SETD2/H3K36me3 in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT during LUAD carcinogenesis, via regulation of the STAT1–IL‐8 signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies on the molecular mechanism of SETD2 will advance our understanding of epigenetic dysregulation at LUAD progression.
Predictions of biodiversity are improved by integrating trait‐based competition with abiotic filtering
Authors: Chalmandrier Loïc , Stouffer Daniel B. , Purcell Adam S. T. , Lee William G. , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAll organisms must simultaneously tolerate the environment and access limiting resources if they are to persist. Approaches to understanding abiotic filtering and competitive interactions have generally been developed independently. Consequently, integrating those factors to predict species abundances and community structure remains an unresolved challenge. We introduce a new synthetic framework that models both abiotic filtering and competition by using functional traits. First, our framework estimates species carrying capacities along abiotic gradients. Second, it estimates pairwise competitive interactions as a function of species trait differences. Applied to the study of a complex wetland community, our combined approach more than doubles the explained variance of species abundances compared to a model of abiotic tolerances alone. Trait‐based integration of competitive interactions and abiotic filtering improves our ability to predict species abundances, bringing us closer to more accurate predictions of biodiversity structure in a changing world.
Spontaneous remyelination in lesions protects the integrity of surrounding tissues over time in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ricigliano Vito A. G. , Tonietto Matteo , Hamzaoui Mariem , Poirion Émilie , Lazzarotto Andrea , Bottlaender Michel , Gervais Philippe , Maillart Elisabeth , Stankoff Bruno , Bodini Benedetta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeLesion remyelination preserves axonal integrity in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), but an in vivo demonstration of its protective effect on surrounding tissues in humans is lacking.MethodsNineteen persons with MS were enrolled in a cohort study and underwent two positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans 1–4 months apart. Voxelwise maps of Pittsburgh compound B distribution volume ratio, reflecting myelin content, were used to calculate an index of baseline demyelination, and of dynamic demyelination and remyelination over the follow‐up in 549 single white matter lesions. Changes in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, reflecting microstructural damage, were calculated in the proximal and distal 3‐mm‐thick rings surrounding each lesion, and used to classify perilesional microstructure as “preserved” or “worsening” over the follow‐up. Mixed‐effect linear models and logistic regressions were employed to investigate whether PET‐derived lesional indices were associated with changes in MRI metrics in perilesions, and to identify which of them best predicted the microstructural evolution of perilesions over time.ResultsA higher index of remyelination, and a lower index of baseline and dynamic demyelination in lesions were associated with a less severe microstructural deterioration of the corresponding proximal and distal perilesions over time (p‐value range: <0.001–0.012), but the index of remyelination was the best predicting variable of perilesional fate. For every extra 1% of remyelination within each lesion, the probability of the corresponding perilesional microstructure remaining preserved over time increased by 39% (odds ratio = 6.62, 95% confidence interval = 2.16–20.32, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIntralesional remyelination is associated with the microstructural preservation of surrounding tissues, possibly preventing neuroaxonal damage resulting from Wallerian degeneration.