bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitination at the lysine 27 residue of the Parkin ubiquitin-like domain is suggestive of a new mechanism of Parkin activation
Authors: Liu Jun-Yi , Inoshita Tsuyoshi , Shiba-Fukushima Kahori , Yoshida Shigeharu , Ogata Kosuke , Ishihama Yasushi , Imai Yuzuru , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The mitochondrial kinase PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and cytosolic ubiquitin ligase (E3) Parkin/PRKN are involved in mitochondrial quality control responses. PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin and the Parkin ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain at serine 65 and promotes Parkin activation and translocation to damaged mitochondria. Upon Parkin activation, the Ubl domain is ubiquitinated at lysine (K) 27 and K48 residues. However, the contribution of K27/K48 ubiquitination toward Parkin activity remains unclear. In this study, ubiquitination of K56 (corresponding to K27 in the human), K77 (K48 in the human) or both was blocked by generating Drosophila Parkin (dParkin) mutants to examine the effects of Parkin Ubl domain ubiquitination on Parkin activation in Drosophila. The dParkin, in which K56 was replaced with arginine (dParkin K56R), rescued pupal lethality in flies by co-expression with PINK1, whereas dParkin K77R could not. The dParkin K56R exhibited reduced abilities of mitochondrial fragmentation and motility arrest, which are mediated by degrading Parkin E3 substrates Mitofusin and Miro, respectively. Pathogenic dParkin K56N, unlike dParkin K56R, destabilized the protein, suggesting that not only was dParkin K56N non-ubiquitin-modified at K56, but also the structure of the Ubl domain for activation was largely affected. Ubiquitin attached to K27 of the Ubl domain during PINK1-mediated Parkin activation was likely to be phosphorylated because human Parkin K27R weakened Parkin self-binding and activation in trans. Therefore, our findings suggest a new mechanism of Parkin activation, where an activation complex is formed through phospho-ubiquitin attachment on the K27 residue of the Parkin Ubl domain.
What is Stance Phase on Deformable Substrates?
Authors: Turner Morgan L , Falkingham Peter L , Gatesy Stephen M 
Published: March 2022

SynopsisThe stance phase of walking is when forces are applied to the environment to support, propel, and maneuver the body. Unlike solid surfaces, deformable substrates yield under load, allowing the foot to sink to varying degrees. For bipedal birds and their dinosaurian ancestors, a shared response to walking on these substrates has been identified in the looping path the digits follow underground. Because a volume of substrate preserves a 3-D record of stance phase in the form of footprints or tracks, understanding how the bipedal stride cycle relates to this looping motion is critical for building a track-based framework for the study of walking in extinct taxa. Here, we used biplanar X-ray imaging to record and analyze 161 stance phases from 81 trials of three Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris) walking on radiolucent substrates of different consistency (solid, dry granular, and firm to semi-liquid muds). Across all substrates, the feet sank to a range of depths up to 78% of hip height. With increasing substrate hydration, the majority of foot motion shifted from above to below ground. Walking kinematics sampled across all stride cycles revealed six sequential gait-based events originating from both feet, conserved throughout the spectrum of substrate consistencies during normal alternating walking. On all substrates that yielded, five sub-phases of stance phase were drawn out in space and formed a loop of varying shape. We describe the two-footed coordination and weight distribution that likely contributed to the observed looping patterns of an individual foot. Given such complex subsurface foot motion during normal alternating walking and some atypical walking behaviors, we discuss the definition of “stance phase” on deformable substrates. We also discuss implications of the gait-based origins of subsurface looping on the interpretation of locomotory information preserved in fossil dinosaur tracks.
Seasonality and interannual variability of copepods in the Western English Channel, Celtic Sea, Bay of Biscay, and Cantabrian Sea with a special emphasis to Calanus helgolandicus and Acartia clausi
Authors: Valdés Luis , López-Urrutia Angel , Beaugrand Gregory , Harris Roger P , Irigoien Xabier 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A total of five mesozooplankton time series data sets were assembled to compare the seasonal and interannual patterns of abundance of calanoid copepods in the Western English Channel (Station L4), Celtic Sea, Bay of Biscay (Continuous Plankton Recorder), and the Cantabrian Sea (RADIALES time series, Santander, St-4 and St-6) from January 1992 to December 1999. A strong seasonal component in taxonomic composition was detected at the locations considered. There was also a strong latitudinal effect on diversity at each location, southernmost locations being more diverse. The seasonal dynamics and year-to-year variability of two copepod species: Calanus helgolandicus and Acartia clausi were studied in detail. A latitudinal pattern in the seasonal cycles of both copepod species was observed. The peaks of both occur earlier in spring in the warmer southern region and move northwards, consistent with the temperature regimes at each location, supporting the broad concept that species occupy a thermal niche in time as well as in space. There was a strong degree of interannual variability between sites and between species. No clear trends, but some coherent events among data sets, reveal a regional response to environmental forcing factors. Correlations suggest possible connections with environmental indices like the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Gulf Stream North Wall index. There was a positive correlation between the NAO and the abundance of C. helgolandicus at station L4 off Plymouth; however, the relationship in the Celtic Sea and Bay of Biscay was opposite to that expected based on previous results. Despite the differences in the sampling techniques used within each dataset, the results are comparable and coherent in terms of taxonomic composition and the seasonal and interannual patterns detected.
Protective continuous ventilation strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease: a prospective study
Authors: Padalino Massimo A , Vedovelli Luca , Simonato Manuela , Bandini Andrea , Paganini Greta , Mezzalira Laura , Faganello Nicola , Carollo Cristiana , Gregori Dario , Vida Vladimiro , Cogo Paola 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate if a ‘protective’ (low-tidal/low-frequency) ventilation strategy can shorten the postoperative ventilation time and minimize acute lung injury in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing repair with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODS
This is a single-centre prospective, interventional study, including children with CHD under the age of 5 years, undergoing open-heart surgery with a CPB &gt;60 min, in hypothermia, haemodynamically stable, and without evident genetic abnormalities. Assist-control ventilation (tidal volume of 4 ml/kg, 10 breaths/min, positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cmH2O and FiO2 0.21) was applied in a cohort of patients during CPB. We compared clinical outcomes and in fully ventilated versus non-ventilated (control) patients. Propensity score was used to weigh ventilated and control groups to correct for the effect of other confounding clinical variables. Clinical and ventilation parameters and lung inflammatory biomarkers in tracheal aspirates were measured. The primary outcome was the postoperative intubation time of more or less than 48 h.

RESULTS
We included 140 children (53 ventilated, 87 non-ventilated) with different CHD. There were no deaths or adverse events in ventilated patients. Using a weighted generalized linear model, we found no sufficient evidence for an effect of intraoperative ventilation on postoperative intubation time [estimate 0.13 (95% confidence interval, –0.08; 0.35), P = 0.22].

CONCLUSIONS
Continuous low-tidal/low-frequency mechanical ventilation during CPB is safe and harmless. However, no significant advantages were found when compared to non-ventilated patients in terms of postoperative ventilation time.
Decline in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder traits over the life course in the general population: trajectories across five population birth cohorts spanning ages 3 to 45 years
Authors: Wootton Robyn E , Riglin Lucy , Blakey Rachel , Agnew-Blais Jessica , Caye Arthur , Cadman Tim , Havdahl Alexandra , Gonçalves Helen , Menezes Ana M B , Wehrmeister Fernando C , Rimfeld Kaili , Davey Smith George , Eley Thalia C , Rohde Luis Augusto , Arseneault Louise , Moffitt Terrie E , Stergiakouli Evie , Thapar Anita , Tilling Kate 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Trajectories of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits spanning early childhood to mid-life have not been described in general populations across different geographical contexts. Population trajectories are crucial to better understanding typical developmental patterns.

Methods
We combined repeated assessments of ADHD traits from five population-based cohorts, spanning ages 3 to 45 years. We used two measures: (i) the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) hyperactive-inattentive subscale (175 831 observations, 29 519 individuals); and (ii) scores from DSM-referenced scales (118 144 observations, 28 685 individuals). Multilevel linear spline models allowed for non-linear change over time and differences between cohorts and raters (parent/teacher/self).

Results
Patterns of age-related change differed by measure, cohort and country: overall, SDQ scores decreased with age, most rapidly declining before age 8 years (-0.157, 95% CI: -0.170, -0.144 per year). The pattern was generally consistent using DSM scores, although with greater between-cohort variation. DSM scores decreased most rapidly between ages 14 and 17 years (-1.32%, 95% CI: -1.471, -1.170 per year). Average scores were consistently lower for females than males (SDQ: -0.818, 95% CI: -0.856, -0.780; DSM: -4.934%, 95% CI: -5.378, -4.489). This sex difference decreased over age for both measures, due to an overall steeper decrease for males.

Conclusions
ADHD trait scores declined from childhood to mid-life, with marked variation between cohorts. Our results highlight the importance of taking a developmental perspective when considering typical population traits. When interpreting changes in clinical cohorts, it is important to consider the pattern of expected change within the general population, which is influenced by cultural context and measurement.
Identification of CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein as novel biomarkers for sarcoidosis using proteomics of serum extracellular vesicles
Authors: Futami Yu , Takeda Yoshito , Koba Taro , Narumi Ryohei , Nojima Yosui , Ito Mari , Nakayama Mana , Ishida Mimiko , Yoshimura Hanako , Naito Yujiro , Fukushima Kiyoharu , Takimoto Takayuki , Edahiro Ryuya , Matsuki Takanori , Nojima Satoshi , Hirata Haruhiko , Koyama Shohei , Iwahori Kota , Nagatomo Izumi , Shirai Yuya , Suga Yasuhiko , Satoh Shingo , Futami Shinji , Miyake Kotaro , Shiroyama Takayuki , Inoue Yoshikazu , Adachi Jun , Tomonaga Takeshi , Ueda Koji , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex, polygenic, inflammatory granulomatous multi-organ disease of unknown cause. The granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis is driven by the interplay between T cells and macrophages. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication. We subjected serum EVs, isolated by size exclusion chromatography, from seven patients with sarcoidosis and five control subjects to non-targeted proteomics analysis. Non-targeted, label-free proteomics analysis detected 2292 proteins in serum EVs; 42 proteins were up-regulated in patients with sarcoidosis relative to control subjects; and 324 proteins were down-regulated. The protein signature of EVs from patients with sarcoidosis reflected disease characteristics such as antigen presentation and immunological disease. Candidate biomarkers were further verified by targeted proteomics analysis (selected reaction monitoring) in 46 patients and 10 control subjects. Notably, CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were validated by targeted proteomics analysis. Up-regulation of these proteins was further confirmed by immunoblotting, and their expression was strongly increased in macrophages of lung granulomatous lesions. Consistent with these findings, CD14 levels were increased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages during multinucleation, concomitant with increased levels of CD14 and LBP in EVs. The area under the curve values of CD14 and LBP were 0.81 and 0.84, respectively, and further increased to 0.98 in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. These findings suggest that CD14 and LBP in serum EVs, which are associated with granulomatous pathogenesis, can improve the diagnostic accuracy in patients with sarcoidosis.
Contemporary and emerging pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of Lassa viral haemorrhagic fever disease
Authors: Joseph Adejoke Adijat , Fasipe Olumuyiwa John , Joseph Oluyemi Adesoji , Olatunji Olalekan Aliu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This review was designed to discuss the emerging and current pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of Lassa viral haemorrhagic fever disease (LVHFD), also known as Lassa fever (LF). Original peer-reviewed articles that investigated LF were identified using the Medline Entrez-PubMed search. Information was also sourced from printed textbooks and reports by recognized health professional bodies such as the WHO, CDC, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). A total of 103 articles were reviewed and 78 were found to contain information relevant to the study.
LF remains an endemic disease of public health concern in the West Africa region, and in the rest of the world as cases have been imported into non-endemic regions as well. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or therapeutics for the treatment of Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) infection. There are, however, off-label therapeutics being used (ribavirin and convalescent plasma) whose efficacy is suboptimal. Research is still ongoing on possible therapeutic options and drug repurposing of therapeutic agents currently in use for other clinical conditions. Considered therapeutic options include favipiravir, taribavirin, Arevirumab-3 and experimental drugs such as losmapimod, adamantyl diphenyl piperazine 3.3, Arbidol (umifenovir) and decanoyl-RRLL-chloromethyl ketone (dec-RRLL-CMK).
Current treatments for LF are limited, hence the institution of mitigating measures to prevent infection is of utmost importance and should be prioritized, especially in endemic regions. Heightened searches for other therapeutic options with greater efficacy and lower toxicity are still ongoing, as well as for vaccines as the absence of these classifies the disease as a priority disease of high public health impact.
Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: I. Growth performance, lean growth, organ size, carcass characteristics, primal cuts, and pork quality
Authors: Wang Ding , Dal Jang Young , Rentfrow Gregg K , Azain Michael J , Lindemann Merlin D 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on growth performance, lean growth, organ size, carcass characteristics, and pork quality of pigs at a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg. A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows and 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and body weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of fat source (corn starch [CS; no fat added], 5% tallow [TW], 5% distiller’s corn oil [DCO], and 5% coconut oil [CN]) and VE supplementation level (11 and 200 ppm). Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC and fed to pigs with each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing dietary VE supplementation from 11 to 200 ppm tended to increase average daily gain (ADG) in phase 5 (P = 0.08), and gain to feed ratio (G/F) in phase 4 (P = 0.06) and phase 5 (P = 0.06) resulting in increased G/F in the overall period &#x2028;(P = 0.10). Compared with the pigs fed the CS diet in the overall period, the pigs fed DCO diets had greater ADG (P &lt; 0.05), the pigs fed the TW and CN diets had lower average daily feed intake (P &lt; 0.05), and the pigs fed the fat-added diets had greater G/F (P &lt; 0.05). Belly firmness was greatest in the pigs fed the CN diet and lowest in those fed the DCO diet (P &lt; 0.05). Increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm increased absolute and relative liver weight, absolute ham yield (P &lt; 0.05), and tended to increase the relative yield of picnic shoulder (P = 0.07) and ham (P = 0.06) and the pigs fed the corn oil diet tended to have greater belly yield (P = 0.08) than the other fat treatments. Increasing dietary VE level increased 45-min pH and ΔpH at slaughter but decreased a* value, chroma (P &lt; 0.10), and belly depth (P &lt; 0.05). However, no effects of VE supplementation and fat source were observed on the other carcass traits and meat quality measurements. In conclusion, increasing dietary &#x2028;VE level from 11 to 200 ppm slightly increased growth rate and feed efficiency in the late finishing periods, and the addition of fat increased feed efficiency and backfat thickness, decreased lean content, and altered belly firmness. While there were some effects of VE supplementation and fat source observed on organ weight, primal cuts, carcass traits, and meat quality, there was no strong evidence that VE supplementation and fat source materially affected these measurements except for belly firmness.
Partisan Blocking: Biased Responses to Shared Misinformation Contribute to Network Polarization on Social Media
Authors: Kaiser Johannes , Vaccari Cristian , Chadwick Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Researchers know little about how people respond to misinformation shared by their social media “friends.” Do responses scale up to distort the structure of online networks? We focus on an important yet under-researched response to misinformation—blocking or unfollowing a friend who shares it—and assess whether this is influenced by political similarity between friends. Using a representative sample of social media users (n = 968), we conducted two 2 × 2 between-subjects experiments focusing on two political issues and individuals’ political ideology as a quasi-factor. The first factor manipulated who shared the misinformation (politically similar vs. dissimilar friend); the second manipulated the misinformation’s plausibility (implausible vs. moderately plausible). Our findings, which replicated across political issues and levels of plausibility, reveal that social media users, particularly left-wing users, are more likely to block and unfollow politically dissimilar than similar friends who share misinformation. Partisan blocking contributes to network polarization on social media.
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Multidimensional Psychosocial Assessment Strategy for Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: McGrady Meghan E , Mara Constance A , Beal Sarah J , Chan Sherilynn F , Sorge Caryn E , Pai Ahna L H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Regular psychosocial assessment is a best-practice guideline for young adult oncology care, but multipurpose, multidimensional, developmentally appropriate patient-reported outcome measurement strategies for young adults with cancer are lacking. This study reported on the development and preliminary validation of the Young Adult Psychosocial Assessment Strategy (YA-PAS), a tool designed to meet this clinical need.

Methods
The YA-PAS was developed based on the literature and clinician feedback. 20 young adults with cancer participated in cognitive interviews to provide feedback on complexity, readability, and applicability to inform measure refinement. Following refinements, 100 young adults with a history of cancer participated in an observational study including a preliminary evaluation of YA-PAS factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct and criterion validity, feasibility, and acceptability.

Results
Cognitive interviews and psychometric evaluation informed modifications and resulted in a measure with 9 domains (anxiety, depression, cognitive functioning, post-traumatic stress, family stressors, support, social isolation, self-efficacy for symptom management, and self-efficacy for medication management) and nonscoring items assessing substance use, life stressors, resources, educational/vocational status, and relationship status. 8 of 9 domains demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.70), substantial (r = 0.61–0.80) or almost perfect (r &gt; 0.80) test–retest reliability, and evidence of domain and cut-point validity. 89% of participants were able to complete the YA-PAS within 20 min and 87% were satisfied with the measure.

Conclusions
The YA-PAS demonstrated promising psychometric properties, feasibility, and acceptability. Clinical implications and research recommendations are discussed.
Anomalous vascular perforator of the internal thoracic artery supplying a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap—a case report
Authors: Neblett Carlos , Logan Leighton , Appiah Kenneth , Knight Kadeem 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is an infrequently performed procedure relative to the more current microsurgical free tissue transfers in most centres around the world. However, in resource-limited centres where procedures requiring microsurgical intervention are rarely employed, the pedicled TRAM whose vascular axis is that of the superior epigastric artery, is an invaluable tool in the plastic surgeon’s armamentarium both for breast reconstruction and chest wall soft tissue resurfacing. This a report of a case of variable anatomical vascular perforating branch of the internal thoracic artery, which was encountered while using a TRAM to resurface a chest wall defect after mastectomy was performed for locally advanced breast cancer.
Minilaparoscopic over conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy: is it worth it? A case series and review of literature
Authors: Perini Davina , Giordano Alessio , Guagni Tommaso , Cantafio Stefano 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy was proposed with the aim to improve the cosmesis and reduce the impact on the abdominal wall. Our aim was to analyze the knowledge currently available on this topic with a review of literature and with our experience to suggest patient-centered approach over the use of minilaparoscopic cholecystectomies and appendectomies. From January 2021 to October 2021, we performed 21 minilaparoscopic cholecystectomies and 12 minilaparoscopic appendectomies. Within the established 1-month and 3-month follow-up intervals, clinical examination and scar evaluation were assessed and a satisfaction questionnaire was completed by all the patients. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were recorded. Patients’ pain decreases significantly during hospital stay and 30 patients (90,1%) were discharged with VAS 0. The same happened with aesthetic score, that was 2,23 the postoperative-day-1, decrease to 1,87 1 week later and was 1,12 at 1- and 3-month follow-up.