bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s Good for Women Is Good for Science: Evidence from the American Finance Association
Authors: Adams Renée , Lowry Michelle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Motivated by evidence that the largest gender differences in career outcomes arise within occupations, we examine a single occupation. With the support of the American Finance Association (AFA), we surveyed AFA members on the professional culture within finance. Individual experiences vary substantially, especially across men and women. Contrary to conventional narratives, differences in preferences play little role in explaining why women experience worse outcomes. Bias and discrimination have the largest effect. The consequences of noninclusiveness extend beyond the personal to the entire field. Our findings suggest that institutions potentially could do more than they recognize to improve both diversity and science. (JEL I23, J16, J24, J44, J71)
Do Government Incentives to Promote R&D Increase Private R&D Investment?
Authors: Choi Jieun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
R&D incentives are a popular policy option to encourage private R&D worldwide. This paper provides an updated survey of R&D incentives’ effect on private R&D investment, including evaluations from developing countries. It assesses the pattern of R&D incentives, and reviews recent literature on the efficacy of these incentives. It reveals that R&D incentives generally increase private R&D, but to a varying extent depending on incentive types, countries’ income levels, industry and firm characteristics, and the design and implementation of the incentives. Overall, variability of the effect on private R&D is greater for direct incentives than indirect incentives. The effect of indirect incentives is found to be smaller in developing countries than developed countries, contrary to the predictions of growth theory. This paper investigates the potential reasons for these findings and summarizes policy implications for governments considering upgrading or adopting R&D incentives.
Maximal Respiratory Pressure Reference Values for Hopi Children Ages 4 to 13
Authors: Arnall David A. , Nelson Arnold G. , Hearon Christopher M. 
Published: March 2022

Anthropometric variables will influence maximal respiratory pressure (MRP) values. Because significant variations exist in pulmonary nomograms among different races, it is important that tribe-specific tables of normal maximal inspiratory pressures (MIPs) and maximal expiratory pressures (MEPs) be developed. To date, MRP prediction equations do not exist for Hopi children.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to develop MRP reference values and prediction equations for Hopi children in the ages 4 to 13 years.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 288 healthy children (125 boys, 163 girls), a 36% representative population of all the Hopi Native children attending Hopi Tribal Elementary Schools in Arizona. Maximal inspiratory pressure and MEP values were measured.

Results:
Age and the inverse of body mass were consistently significant predictors of the MRPs for both sexes. Predictions using the derived Hopi equations were significantly different (P ≤ 0.001) than those using the equations for Navajo and Caucasian youth across both sexes, making it important for this population to have specific formulae to provide more accurate reference values.

Conclusions:
These data were collected from the children of Hopi ancestry resulting in MIP and MEP reference equations which should be used when measuring MIP and MEP in these children ages 4 to 13 years.
Generalized Eruptive Histiocytoma With S100 Protein–Positive Histiocytes and Prominent Eosinophilic Infiltration: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Luo Shuaihantian , Guo Ziyu , Zhou Ying , Zhang Guiying 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Generalized eruptive histiocytoma (GEH) is a very rare benign disorder belonging to the group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (non-LCH). GEH is characterized by a nearly uniform infiltrate of histiocytes with classic immunological phenotype (CD68+, S-100− and CD1a−). Prominent eosinophilic infiltration and S100-positive histiocytes are rarely associated in GEH. In this article, we reported a middle-age man presented with disseminated reddish papules distributed on the trunk and proximal extremities. A skin biopsy of the papule showed a dense histiocytic infiltration with prominent eosinophils. By immunohistochemistry, the histiocytes revealed strongly positive for CD68 and S100 protein and negative for CD1a and Langerin (CD207). Based on clinical and histopathological criteria, the diagnosis of GEH was established. We presented this rare case of GEH with such distinctive features to strengthen the awareness of this uncommon form of non-LCH. Classical histopathological and immunological features cannot reliably distinguish GEH from other non-LCH.
Coping and Recovery in Surgical Residents after Adverse Events: The Second Victim Phenomenon
Authors: Khansa Ibrahim , Pearson Gregory D. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The second victim phenomenon is the distress felt by healthcare providers after a medical error. Although the phenomenon is a significant risk factor for burnout, little has been written about it in surgery, especially among residents.

Methods:
After institutional review board approval, a 27-question anonymous online survey was sent to plastic surgery residents throughout the United States, and to residents from all surgical specialties at our institution, for a total of 435 residents. Residents were asked to describe any adverse events they had experienced, and subsequent emotional sequelae.

Results:
The survey was returned by 125 residents (response rate 28.7%), of whom 53 were plastic surgery residents (42.4%) and 72 were from other surgical specialties (57.6%). In total, 110 (88%) described having been part of a medical error. An estimated 74 residents (34 from plastic surgery, 40 from other surgical specialties) provided a detailed description of the event. Sixty-four of them (86.5%) had subsequent emotional sequelae, most commonly guilt, anxiety, and insomnia. Only 24.3% of residents received emotional support. They rated other residents as the most important source of support, followed by faculty members and then family/friends.

Conclusions:
The second victim phenomenon seems to be common among surgical residents. The most important source of support for affected residents in our cohort was other residents. Given these findings, institutions should focus on fostering camaraderie among residents, building effective second victim response teams and training peer support specialists.
Free Flap Outcome in Irradiated Recipient Sites: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tasch Christoph , Pattiss Alexander , Maier Sarah , Lanthaler Monika , Pierer Gerhard 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The impact of previous radiotherapy on free flap outcome is still a subject of debate. Clinical investigations have come to divergent conclusions and the true effect of radiotherapy (XRT) on flap survival is not definitely known. Most studies investigating the factor often have their methodological limitations such as lack of statistical power as a consequence of the overall low failure rates together with few irradiated cases. This study will attempt to address the question whether previous radiotherapy is associated with a significantly higher incidence of flap failure or not.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in concordance with the PRISMA protocol using the PubMed database. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were applied to obtain the odds ratio of total flap failure and partial flap failure between radiation and nonradiation groups. Statistical heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed and forest plots and funnel plots were constructed for graphic illustration.

Results:
A total of 43 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis involving 18,776 flaps in 17,532 patients. Patients with preoperative XRT were significantly associated with an increased risk for total (odds ratio fixed = 1.675, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.405–1.996, P < 0.001) and partial free flap failure (odds ratio fixed = 2.161, 95% CI = 1.472–2.172, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The study suggests that preoperative radiotherapy is associated with an increased risk for total and partial free flap failure. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of total XRT dose and time after radiation on free flap outcome.
How does ankle power on the prosthetic side influence loading parameters on the sound side during level walking of persons with transfemoral amputation?
Authors: Pröbsting Eva , Altenburg Björn , Bellmann Malte , Krug Kerstin , Schmalz Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Increased ankle power on the prosthetic side seems to decrease biomechanical loading parameters on the sound side. This assumption is based on biomechanical comparisons of different foot constructions. However, such study designs could not show whether the amount of ankle power solely influences the sound side.

Objective:
To analyze the influence of divergent ankle power, resulting from different foot constructions and from different ankle power settings, on the sound side loading parameters.

Study design:
Interventional cross sectional study.

Methods:
Level walking of transfemoral amputees with a microprocessor knee joint and Solid Ankle Cushioned Heel (SACH), energy storing and returning (ESR) and powered foot (PF) was analyzed. The PF was adapted in three configurations: without power (np), low power (lp), and optimal power (op). An optoelectronic camera system with 12 cameras and two force plates were used.

Results:
The ankle power on the prosthetic side shows significant differences about foot types and different settings of the PF. The knee adduction moment, the knee flexion moment, and the vertical ground reaction forces on the sound side were significantly reduced with PF_op and ESR in comparison to SACH. When analyzing these parameters for the different PF configurations, only some show significant results at normal velocity.

Conclusions:
The additional positive mechanical work for an active push off in the PF tends to have a relieving effect. The biomechanical sound side loading parameters are reduced with PF_op in comparison to SACH and ESR, resulting in a relief of the sound side of lower limb amputees.
The effect of arch-support insole on knee kinematics and kinetics during a stop-jump maneuver
Authors: Yue Yanxian , Lam Wing-Kai , Jiang Liang , Liu Zuoliang , Ma Ruiya , Zheng Yi 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries commonly occur during sports that involve sudden stops or direction changes. Although athletes often use arch-support insoles in competition and training, little is known about the effect of foot insoles on knee biomechanics and jump take-off performances.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of arch-support insoles on knee kinematics and kinetics during the stop-braking phase and the subsequent jump take-off performances.

Study design:
That is a quasi-experimental study, repeated-measures design.

Methods:
Twenty male healthy recreational university basketball athletes performed stop-jump with maximum effort in both arch-support and flat insole conditions. Paired t-tests were performed on knee kinetics and kinematics and jump performance variables to determine whether there were significant differences between insole conditions.

Results:
Wearing arch-support insoles experienced larger ground reaction forces (GRFs), loading rates of peak vertical and posterior GRFs, peak knee adduction and rotation moments, and knee flexion angular velocity than the flat insoles (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The increased GRFs and knee loading in arch-support insoles are indicative of a higher risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. The findings could be insightful to the knee mechanics that are related to performance and injury potential during stop-jump maneuvers.
Women’s Seclusion during Menstruation and Children’s Health in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Supriya , Acharya Yubraj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is limited empirical evidence from low-income countries on the effects of women’s seclusion during menstruation on children’s health. We documented the association between mother’s extreme seclusion during menstruation and children’s health in Nepal.MethodsUsing nationally representative data from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, we examined the relationship between mother’s exposure to extreme forms of seclusion during menstruation and anthropometric measures of nutritional status and health outcomes among children ages 5-59 months (n=6,301). We analyzed the data in a regression framework, controlling for potential confounders, including province fixed effects. We assessed extreme seclusion during menstruation based on women’s exposure tochhaupadi, a practice in which women are forced to stay away from home—in separate huts or animal sheds—during menstruation and childbirth.ResultsMothers’ exposure to extreme seclusion during menstruation was associated with 0.18 standard deviation lower height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) (p=0.046) and 0.20 standard deviation lower weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) (p=0.007) among children. Analysis by the place of seclusion showed that the negative association was stronger when women stayed in animal sheds—0.28 SD for HAZ (p=0.007) and 0.32 SD for WAZ (p<0.001)—than when they stayed in separate huts. Extreme seclusion was associated with higher incidence of acute respiratory symptoms but not with incidence of diarrhea, irrespective of the place of seclusion.ConclusionsWomen’s extreme seclusion during menstruation in Nepal has profound implications on the physical health of their children. Additional research is needed to ascertain potential mechanisms.
Illumina-based Whole De Novo Transcriptome Profiling and Diosgenin Biosynthetic pathway of Tribulus terrestris: A Medicinal herb
Authors: Tyagi Parul , Ranjan Rajiv 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTribulus terrestris L. (Chota gokhuru), an annual herb of the Zygophyllaceae family accumulates steroidal-type triterpenoids of diosgenin in root, leaf, fruit, which have been used as a traditional medicine to cure steroidal hormonal diseases such as estrogen, progesterone, and cardiovascular and urogenital. However, to date, the diosgenin biosynthetic pathway of T. terrestris is unknown. In this research paper, identification of candidate genes involved in bioactive compounds (diosgenin) was conducted via whole transcriptome profiling of T. terrestris using the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, which generated 482 million reads. RNA-Seq reads were assembled and clustered into 148871 unigenes. NCBI non-redundant (NR) and Swiss-Prot databases search anchored 50% unigenes with the functional annotations based on similarities of sequence. Further, in Gene Ontology and KEGG-KAAS pathways, a total of 126 unigenes were highly expressed in the terpenoids backbone biosynthesis, in which diosgenin pathways (two genes of glycolytic, three genes of mevalonate, two genes of MEP/DOX, one gene of mono-terpenoids, and seven genes of steroidal pathways) were identified. In addition, 9 genes were randomly selected for confirmation through real-time PCR. T. terrestris showed the highest homology with the Citrus sinensis and Juglans regia. 27478 unigenes of transcription factors were assembled, in which top ten transcription factors were highly expressed. A total of 17623 SSR was assembled, amongst them unigenes of di-nucleotide were highly repeated. This research work will improve our understanding of the diosgenin pathway and lay the groundwork for future molecular research on metabolic engineering, as well as raise diosgenin content in T. terrestris.
Integrate or keep separate? ChocoTravel’s dilemma around Aviata M&A
Authors: Moreva Kristina , Krupina Yelena , Ghosh Anjan 
Published: March 2022

Learning outcomes
This case will enable students to: understand reasons for mergers and acquisitions (M&A); identify and explain the risks associated with M&A and corresponding risk mitigation approaches; and decision-making on postmerger integrations.

Case overview/synopsis
The case discusses the integration dilemma around ChocoTravel’s M&A of Aviata. Both are among the largest online travel agencies in Kazakhstan. The acquisition of Aviata was not the first M&A deal for ChocoFamily – the Holding Company of ChocoTravel; however, it was the largest one. By combining their operations, ChocoTravel and Aviata together could capture 70% of the market share and become the market leader. Although the M&A had high potential toward superior business performance, it had significant risks. Threats of integration failures often make M&As fail. The management of ChocoTravel, therefore, had to consider several factors that could act as potential threats to post-M&A integration. First, each company had its own operating model and corporate culture. Second, both brands, ChocoTravel and Aviata, were well established and recognized in the market; each of them had its own loyal clients. Taking into account low switching costs to customers, the CEO of the new joint company needed to decide whether to integrate ChocoTravel and Aviata or keep them separate or even discontinue one. So, the important thing was not to disrupt operations and lose customers while introducing the post-M&A integration strategy. This case focuses on the challenges of post M&A integration.

Complexity academic level
The case targets last year’s bachelor’s students, Master of Business Administration/Master of Science students as part of the business strategy, marketing and branding and M&A classes. It allows students to have a broad in-class discussion and apply knowledge to make strategic management decisions in postmerger integration situations.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Measuring talent management: a proposed construct
Authors: Mujtaba Muhammad , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Soomro Kamran Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe study aims to develop a construct to measure talent management (TM) in an organization.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a fourfold approach to develop the construct. Data were collected through close-ended questionnaires by conducting surveys from human resource professionals. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis techniques were employed to analyze the data and develop the construct.FindingsResults of the study indicate that TM practices are crucial in changing business dynamics. A final 26 items under 5 factors (identification of critical positions, talent acquisition, talent development, talent engagement, and talent retention) were found significant and integrated TM strategies in uncertain economic environments.Practical implicationsThis research focuses on the entire process of the TM cycle and develops an integrated construct of TM; thus, the study will provide an in-depth understanding of TM strategies to practitioners and researchers, facilitate researchers for the effective conduct of empirical research work on TM, whereas, for practitioners, this work will support in designing of TM strategies leading to organizational performance.Originality/valueThis is the first research study that has been done in the context of South Asia. It will help build up TM strategies to the necessity of a business environment.
A study on interrelations of structural systems and main planning considerations in contemporary supertall buildings
Authors: Ilgın Hüseyin Emre 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of interrelations of structural systems and main planning considerations in supertall buildings (≥300 m).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 140 contemporary supertall towers using the case study method to analyze structural systems in the light of the key design considerations to contribute to the creation of more viable supertall building projects.Findings Central core typology, outriggered frame system, composite material and tapered prismatic and free forms were the most preferred features in supertall building design. Shear walled frame and tube systems occurred mostly in the 300–400 m height range, while outriggered frame systems were in the range of 300–600 m in height. Asia, the Middle East and North America mainly preferred outriggered frame systems, followed by tube systems. Considering the building function and form, the most preferred structural system in each of these groups was outriggered frame system, while mixed-use function stood out in all structural systems except in shear walled frame system.Originality/valueTo date, there has been no comprehensive study in the literature of the interrelations of structural systems and important planning considerations in the design of contemporary supertall towers through a large set of study samples. This critical issue was multidimensionally explored in this paper in light of 140 detailed case studies of supertall buildings around the world.
Multichannel retailers' prominent attribute and product positioning strategies
Authors: Wang Zhanqing , Lu Yue , Ran Lun , Yang Defeng 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis paper studies how multichannel retailers choose the product quality level and decide which attribute to make prominent in their physical store in a competitive environment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops a game theoretic model, in which multichannel retailers' decisions are made in three stages. Using prominent experiential attributes (e.g. functionality) in their offline store and product quality decisions, multichannel retailers are capable of transferring the sales between different channels.FindingsThis analysis shows that making different attributes prominent in their physical store may be an equilibrium, and each multichannel retailer chooses the highest quality level for the prominent attribute. However, the prominent attribute of the highest quality level is not always optimal. Under certain conditions, multichannel retailers may make the experiential attribute prominent in their respective physical stores, which can result in equilibrium.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that multichannel retailers should avoid blindly highlighting high-quality attributes in a competitive environment, or falling into price completion.Originality/valueFrom the perspective of prominent attributes, this study designs the optimal product line based on channel characteristics. The results of the research can provide practical implications for multichannel retailers to increase sales.