bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succinct Permutation Graphs
Authors: Tsakalidis Konstantinos , Wild Sebastian , Zamaraev Viktor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present a succinct data structure for permutation graphs, and their superclass of circular permutation graphs, i.e., data structures using optimal space up to lower order terms. Unlike concurrent work on circle graphs (Acan et al. in Theor Comput Sci, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2022.06.022, 2022), our data structure also supports distance and shortest-path queries, as well as adjacency and neighborhood queries, all in optimal time. We present in particular the first succinct exact distance oracle for (circular) permutation graphs. A second succinct data structure also supports degree queries in time independent of the neighborhood’s size at the expense of an $$O(\log n/\log \log n)$$

O
(
log
n
/
log
log
n
)

-factor overhead in all running times. Furthermore, we develop a succinct data structure for the class of bipartite permutation graphs. We demonstrate how to run algorithms directly over our succinct representations for several problems on permutation graphs: Clique, Coloring, Independent Set, Hamiltonian Cycle, All-Pair Shortest Paths, and others. Finally, we initiate the study of semi-distributed graph representations; a concept that smoothly interpolates between distributed (labeling schemes) and centralized (standard data structures). We show how to turn some of our data structures into semi-distributed representations by storing only $$O(n)$$

O
(
n
)

bits of additional global information, circumventing the lower bound on distance labeling schemes for permutation graphs.
“Cognition in marine mammals: the strength of flexibility in adapting to marine life”
Authors: Hanke Frederike D. , Biolsi Kristy L. , Harley Heidi E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this theme issue, our multidisciplinary contributors highlight the cognitive adaptations of marine mammals. The cognitive processes of this group are highly informative regarding how animals cope with specifics of and changes in the environment, because, not only did modern marine mammals evolve from numerous, non-related terrestrial animals to adapt to an aquatic lifestyle, but some of these species regularly move between two worlds, land and sea. Here, we bring together scientists from different fields and take the reader on a journey that begins with the ways in which modern marine mammals (whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions and manatees) utilize their perceptual systems, next moves into studies of the constraints and power of individuals’ cognitive flexibility, and finally showcases how those systems are deployed in social and communicative contexts. Considering the cognitive processes of the different marine mammals in one issue from varying perspectives will help us understand the strength of cognitive flexibility in changing environments—in marine mammals and beyond.
Multiple internal resonances of rotating composite cylindrical shells under varying temperature fields
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Wang Jun , Hu Jiaxin , Qin Zhaoye , Chu Fulei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComposite cylindrical shells, as key components, are widely employed in large rotating machines. However, due to the frequency bifurcations and dense frequency spectra caused by rotation, the nonlinear vibration usually has the behavior of complex multiple internal resonances. In addition, the varying temperature fields make the responses of the system further difficult to obtain. Therefore, the multiple internal resonances of composite cylindrical shells with porosities induced by rotation with varying temperature fields are studied in this paper. Three different types of the temperature fields, the Coriolis forces, and the centrifugal force are considered here. The Hamilton principle and the modified Donnell nonlinear shell theory are used to obtain the equilibrium equations of the system, which are transformed into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by the multi-mode Galerkin technique. Thereafter, the pseudo-arclength continuation method, which can identify the regions of instability, is introduced to obtain the numerical results. The detailed parametric analysis of the rotating composite shells is performed. Multiple internal resonances caused by the interaction between backward and forward wave modes and the energy transfer phenomenon are detected. Besides, the nonlinear amplitude-frequency response curves are different under different temperature fields.
Hydrodynamic forces on emergent cylinders in non-uniform flow
Authors: Uchida Tatsuhiko , Ato Toshiki , Kobayashi Daisuke , Maghrebi Mahmoud F. , Kawahara Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main objective of conducting numerical simulations of flows in rivers with vegetation is to investigate the complex flow dynamics involved in non-equilibrium conditions. In such cases, it is inappropriate to apply the drag coefficient CD, which is typically derived based on uniform flows involving groups of infinitely long cylinders. This paper presents a method for evaluating the drag forces acting on emergent obstacles for non-uniform open-channel flows. This method is devised based on two sets of experiments: on flows with small-diameter cylinders, focusing on the water surface profiles through the group; and on flows with large-diameter cylinders, focusing on the local pressure distribution and local water surface profile around a target cylinder. In addition to the conventional drag force expression that includes CD, two new terms are proposed to account for the effects of water surface variation and pressure gradient in non-uniform open-channel flow on the drag. The first of these terms, which introduces the use of the Froude number to account for the effect of water surface variation, is derived theoretically and evaluated against past and present experimental results under uniform-flow conditions. On the other hand, the second of these terms, which includes the representative length of the separation zone to evaluate the effect of pressure gradient, is confirmed to be a necessity through numerical calculation of the longitudinal water surface profile in emergent cylinders. The incorporation of these two terms using a simple unified expression can help improve the accuracy of numerical simulations for practical problems of flows with emergent obstacles.
The methodologies to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Banholzer Nicolas , Lison Adrian , Özcelik Dennis , Stadler Tanja , Feuerriegel Stefan , Vach Werner 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNon-pharmaceutical interventions, such as school closures and stay-at-home orders, have been implemented around the world to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Their effectiveness in improving health-related outcomes has been the subject of numerous empirical studies. However, these studies show fairly large variation among methodologies in use, reflecting the absence of an established methodological framework. On the one hand, variation in methodologies may be desirable to assess the robustness of results; on the other hand, a lack of common standards can impede comparability among studies. To establish a comprehensive overview over the methodologies in use, we conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions between January 1, 2020 and January 12, 2021 (n = 248). We identified substantial variation in methodologies with respect to study setting, outcome, intervention, methodological approach, and effectiveness assessment. On this basis, we point to shortcomings of existing studies and make recommendations for the design of future studies.
Comparing reference point based interactive multiobjective optimization methods without a human decision maker
Authors: Chen Lu , Miettinen Kaisa , Xin Bin , Ojalehto Vesa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInteractive multiobjective optimization methods have proven promising in solving optimization problems with conflicting objectives since they iteratively incorporate preference information of a decision maker in the search for the most preferred solution. To find the appropriate interactive method for various needs involves analysis of the strengths and weaknesses. However, extensive analysis with human decision makers may be too costly and for that reason, we propose an artificial decision maker to compare a class of popular interactive multiobjective optimization methods, i.e., reference point based methods. Without involving any human decision makers, the artificial decision maker works automatically to interact with different methods to be compared and evaluate the final results. It makes a difference between a learning phase and a decision phase, that is, learns about the problem based on information acquired to identify a region of interest and refines solutions in that region to find a final solution, respectively. We adopt different types of utility functions to evaluation solutions, present corresponding performance indicators and propose two examples of artificial decision makers. A series of experiments on benchmark test problems and a water resources planning problem is conducted to demonstrate how the proposed artificial decision makers can be used to compare reference point based methods.
Cluster Expansions: Necessary and Sufficient Convergence Conditions
Authors: Jansen Sabine , Kolesnikov Leonid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe prove a new convergence condition for the activity expansion of correlation functions in equilibrium statistical mechanics with possibly negative pair potentials. For non-negative pair potentials, the criterion is an if and only if condition. The condition is formulated with a sign-flipped Kirkwood–Salsburg operator and known conditions such as Kotecký–Preiss and Fernández–Procacci are easily recovered. In addition, we deduce new sufficient convergence conditions for hard-core systems in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

and $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$

Z

d

as well as for abstract polymer systems. The latter improves on the Fernández–Procacci criterion.
Synthesis and molecular docking of new N4-piperazinyl ciprofloxacin hybrids as antimicrobial DNA gyrase inhibitors
Authors: Mohammed Hamada H. H. , Ali Doaa Mohamed Elroby , Badr Mohamed , Habib Ahmed G. K. , Mahmoud Abobakr Mohamed , Farhan Sarah M. , Gany Shimaa Salah Hassan Abd El , Mohamad Soad A. , Hayallah Alaa M. , Abbas Samar H. , Abuo-Rahma Gamal El-Din A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A series of N-4 piperazinyl ciprofloxacin derivatives as urea-tethered ciprofloxacin-chalcone hybrids 2a-j and thioacetyl-linked ciprofloxacin-pyrimidine hybrids 5a-i were synthesized. The target compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and C. albicans strains, respectively. Ciprofloxacin derivatives 2a-j and 5a-i revealed broad antibacterial activity against either Gram positive or Gram negative strains, with MIC range of 0.06–42.23 µg/mL compared to ciprofloxacin with an MIC range of 0.15–3.25 µg/mL. Among the tested compounds, hybrids 2b, 2c, 5a, 5b, 5h, and 5i exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC range of 0.06–1.53 µg/mL against the tested bacterial strains. On the other hand, compounds 2c, 2e, 5c, and 5e showed comparable antifungal activity to ketoconazole against candida albicans with MIC range of 2.03–3.89 µg/mL and 2.6 µg/mL, respectively. Further investigations showed that some ciprofloxacin hybrids have inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase as potential molecular target compared to ciprofloxacin with IC50 range of 0.231 ± 0.01–7.592 ± 0.40 µM and 0.323 ± 0.02 µM, respectively. Docking studies of compounds 2b, 2c, 5b, 5c, 5e, 5h, and 5i on the active site of DNA gyrase (PDB: 2XCT) confirmed their ability to form stable complex with the target enzyme like that of ciprofloxacin.

Graphical abstract
Social Capital and Its Returns as an Explanation for Early Labor Market Success of Majority and Minority Members in the Netherlands
Authors: Baalbergen Ids , Jaspers Eva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper tests whether social capital can explain differences in labor market success between ethnic majority and minority members. To overcome problems of reverse causality—labor market success is not only the result of social capital, but also leads to better networks—the focus is on adolescents who enter the labor market. Data from the ‘Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey’ are used (N = 2574) and matched to register data from Statistics Netherlands. Hypotheses are tested with structural equation models and a longitudinal approach. Two different mechanisms are tested: the capital deficit and the return deficit. Ethnic majority and minority members do not differ in social capital, thus refuting the capital deficit hypothesis. However, for majority members, the upper reachability of their social capital negatively affects chances of unemployment and positively affects chances of having a permanent contract. For minority members, no such effects were observed, indicating that the same level of social capital that benefits majorities, does not benefit minorities. More research into the return deficit minority members face is needed.
Identification and complete genome sequencing of a divergent olive virus T isolate and an olive leaf yellowing-associated virus isolate naturally infecting olive trees in Greece
Authors: Katsiani Asimina , Panailidou Polina , Mathioudakis Matthaios , Katis Nikolaos , Maliogka Varvara I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral new full genome sequences of olive viruses came to light recently via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis. In this study, total RNA HTS analysis of two Greek olive trees revealed the presence of an olive virus T (OlVT) isolate and an olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV) isolate. The full viral genome of OlVT isolate (50Ch) is composed of 6862 nucleotides encoding for three proteins (replicase, movement protein, and capsid protein) with typical betaflexiviruses’ genomic features. However, both sequence and phylogenetic data analysis exhibited high levels of variability between 50Ch and the previously characterized OlVT isolates. In addition, the almost full genome of the Greek OLYaV isolate (OL2) was obtained, which is composed of 16,693 nucleotides encoding for 11 open reading frames (ORFs) and shares common genomic features with the recently characterized OLYaV isolates from Spain and Brazil. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed high similarity between these three isolates. Due to problems encountered with the detection of both viruses, new nested RT-PCR assays were developed and applied. In addition, recombination events were observed in OlVT isolates (50Ch GR-168), thus highlighting the potential role of this mechanism in the evolution of the virus. This study is adding further knowledge to the limited information available about these recently characterized olive infecting viral pathogens and highlights their widespread distribution in Greece, one of the most important olive producing countries of the world.
A probabilistic hazard and risk assessment of exposure to metals and organohalogens associated with a traditional diet in the Indigenous communities of Eeyou Istchee (northern Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Moriarity Robert J. , Tsuji Leonard J. S. , Liberda Eric N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHunting, trapping, and fishing are part of an Indigenous lifestyle in subarctic Canada. However, this lifestyle may be a route of exposure to contaminants and may pose a risk for the people who rely on a subsistence diet. Monte Carlo simulations for the chemical concentration of eight game species and one fish species were carried out by randomly sampling 10,000 samples from the contaminant measures for each species. We then calculated a probabilistic non-carcinogenic hazard quotient or carcinogenic risk values to estimate the human health risk of exposure to contaminants. Of the species examined, ducks were of concern for potential carcinogenic risk. There was a modeled probabilistic 95th-percentile risk associated with the consumption of ducks and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) congener 153 in boys, women, and men (1.09 × 10−6, 1.57 × 10−6, and 2.17 × 10−6, respectively) and, to a lesser extent, with geese and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 153 in men (1.19 × 10−6). Contaminant concentration in the intake rate (food consumption) for PBB congener 153 exposure risk was more important than that for PCB congener 153, where intake rate had greater relevance. The consumption of waterfowl may increase the exposure to organohalogens; however, there are health and wellness benefits associated with the harvesting and consumption of subsistence foods that must also be considered. We recommend follow-up species-specific studies focused on ducks to clarify and elucidate the results in the present study.
Differences in detoxification mechanism and gene expression changes of sulfur metabolism in coping with the air pollutant SO2 between the resistant and ordinary poplar variety
Authors: Feng Jinxia , Wang Luyi , Liu Wenxin , Wan Xianchong , Chen Zhicheng , Zhao Jiaping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, two poplar varieties with different resistance to sulfur dioxide were selected for a comparative experiment. SO2 fumigation to the poplars was carried out under controlled conditions to determine the variation in the activity of enzymes, the content of metabolites and the expression of enzymes genes in pathways of sulfur metabolism in plants. The results showed that the activity of enzymes and the content of sulfur metabolites were closely related to the response of the poplars to SO2 stress. Populus × euramericana cv. 'Purui' had two ways of detoxification: oxidation detoxification, oxidizing sulfite (SO32−) to sulfate SO42− by sulfite oxidase; reductive detoxification, SO32− being reduced to S2− by sulfite reductase (SiR). Moreover, OASTL and SAT activity, and levels of cysteine (CYS) and glutathione (GSH) also increased in P. × euramericana cv. 'Purui' in response to SO2 fumigation, and the gene expression encoding Glutathione S-transferases (GST), and some enzymes in cysteine and methionine metabolism was up-regulated. For Populus × euramericana cv. '74/76' with weaker resistance to sulfur dioxide, it only detoxified by increasing the activity of SiR, and but down-regulated the expression of gene encoding 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase (PAPSS), which could affect the consumption of sulfite in the exposure to SO2. Thus, the SO2-resistant difference of the two poplar varieties is mainly attributed to variation in activity of the enzymes and content of their metabolites in pathways of sulfur metabolism, and gene expression of some enzymes in cysteine and methionine metabolism also plays a role in the resistant difference.
In vivo immunomodulation of IL6 signaling in a murine multiple trauma model
Authors: Malysch Tom , Reinhold Jens Michael , Becker Christopher A. , Schmidt-Bleek Katharina , Kleber Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A significant number of trauma patients die during the ICU phase of care because of a severe immune response. Interleukin-6 (IL6) plays a central role within that immune response, signaling through a membrane-bound (IL6-R) and a soluble IL6 receptor (sIL6-R). IL6 and the sIL6-R can form an agonistic IL6/sIL6-R-complex, activating numerous cells that are usually not IL6 responsive, a process called trans-signaling. We attempted to demonstrate that modulation of the IL6 signaling (classic signaling and trans-signaling) can attenuate the devastating immune response after trauma in a murine multiple trauma model. Mice were allocated to three study arms: sham, fracture or polytrauma. Half of the animals had the application of an IL6-R antibody following an intervention. After a pre-set time, blood samples were analysed for IL6 and sIL6-R serum levels, organs were analysed for neutrophil infiltration and end organ damage was evaluated. IL6 and sIL6-R showed a rapid peak after fracture, and much more markedly after polytrauma. These parameters were reduced significantly by globally blocking IL6 signaling via IL6-R antibody (Mab) application. Shock organ analysis also illustrated significant neutrophil infiltration following polytrauma, which was also abated via IL6-R Mab application. Furthermore, end organ damage was reduced by IL6-R Mab application. The study results prove the regulatory role of IL6 signaling pathways in polytrauma, with haemorrhagic shock being a major trigger of inflammatory response. Modulation of IL6 signaling shows promise in the prevention of adverse events like organ failure following major trauma and might be a target for in vivo immunomodulation to reduce mortality in severely injured patients, but further evaluation regarding classic IL6 signaling and IL6 trans-signaling is needed.
Prosaposin Reduces α-Synuclein in Cells and Saposin C Dislodges it from Glucosylceramide-enriched Lipid Membranes
Authors: Kojima Rika , Zurbruegg Mark , Li Tianyi , Paslawski Wojciech , Zhang Xiaoqun , Svenningsson Per 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 1% of the 65 + age population. Saposin C, a lysosomal protein required for the normal activity of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), may serve as a disease modifier in PD. Saposin C is cleaved from its precursor, Prosaposin (PSAP), which is secreted as an uncleaved protein and exerts neuroprotective effects. In this study, we aim to elucidate the neuroprotective roles of PSAP and saposin C in PD by evaluating their effects on α-synuclein accumulation in human neuroblastoma cells. Stable overexpression of PSAP reduced monomeric α-synuclein levels in SH-SY5Y cells, while PSAP knockdown by small interfering RNA led to the opposite effect, and those effects were independent of GCase activity. Autophagy flux was decreased by stable PSAP overexpression. Furthermore, a flow-through assay revealed that recombinant saposin C was able to detach α-synuclein from artificial glucosylceramide-enriched lipid membranes at the lysosomal pH. Taken together, our findings provide further evidence that PSAP and saposin C as key proteins involved in α-synuclein clearance by dislodging it from lipid membranes.
Internet voting: the role of personality traits and trust across three parliamentary elections in Estonia
Authors: Sindermann Cornelia , Rozgonjuk Dmitri , Solvak Mihkel , Realo Anu , Vassil Kristjan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome countries offer options to vote in elections remotely via the internet. However, not all voters take up this opportunity. This study investigates the role of the Five-Factor Model personality traits in the choice to use internet voting, and the potential mediating effects of trust in internet voting, controlling for sociodemographic variables. Survey data collected after national elections in Estonia in 2011 (N = 482), 2015 (N = 535), and 2019 (N = 546) were analyzed. Agreeableness was positively correlated with trust in internet voting in all samples. Additionally, Agreeableness was related to internet voting via trust, but not in all samples. Internet voting was predicted by higher trust in internet voting, better PC literacy, and speaking Estonian at home, across all samples. These results indicate that easy access to, and trust in, internet voting may play a bigger role in the decision to use internet voting than personality traits.