bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on immune checkpoint therapy for melanoma
Authors: Everdell Emily , Tsao Hensin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe field of immunotherapy has seen dramatic advancements in recent years, with immune checkpoint therapy becoming paramount in the treatment of melanoma. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) began with the discovery of two important cell‐surface proteins, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), which regulate the body's immune response. This led to the establishment of CTLA‐4 and PD‐1 inhibitors as key players in checkpoint therapy. A third ICI, LAG‐3, is under investigation and is emerging as a promising new therapeutic option.ObjectiveTo provide a current and concise update on the topic of immunotherapy and the role it has played in advancing the treatment of melanoma.FindingsCombined checkpoint blockade continues to show superior outcomes in the treatment of melanoma compared to monotherapy, however, this success comes at the cost of increased toxicity. The increased toxic effect of these regimens requires continued research to determine how to maintain efficacy while limiting adverse events. The latest advancements in the field have focused on optimizing ICI therapy in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, with neoadjuvant therapies showing promising results for the future of individualized treatment.ConclusionThis review summarizes the latest updates in each of the major areas of immune checkpoint therapy, highlighting the respective clinical trials that have led to the approval of these therapies in melanoma. We also discuss therapy‐related adverse events, the role of developing predictive biomarkers, as well as future directions that will be necessary to advance the field of immunotherapy in melanoma.
The DAPA‐DIET study: Metabolic response to Dapagliflozin combined with dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity—A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hanson Petra , Randeva Harpal , Cuthbertson Dan J. , O'Hare Paul J. , Parsons Nick , Chatha Kamaljit , Reidy Gemma , Weickert Martin O. , Barber Thomas M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe cardio‐renal benefits of sodium glucose‐like transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapies have been demonstrated in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. However, no studies have explored the long‐term metabolic effects of SGLT2i, combined with dietary carbohydrate restriction. Our primary objective was to describe long‐term changes in weight, energy expenditure, appetite and body composition after 12 months of Dapagliflozin therapy, with carbohydrate restriction, in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Our secondary objective was to assess changes in adiponectin and leptin.MethodThis was a 12‐month cohort study in a secondary care setting. Participants (n = 18) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and class 3 obesity underwent baseline indirect calorimetry for determination of 24‐h energy expenditure, body composition, fasting serum leptin and adiponectin levels, and appetitive assessments. Following initiation of Dapagliflozin (and dietary carbohydrate restriction), measurements were repeated at monthly intervals up to 12 months.ResultsMean starting weight of participants was 129.4 kg (SD 25.9), mean BMI 46.1 kg/m2 (SD 8.3) and mean HbA1c 53.9 mmol/mol (14.1). Seventeen participants completed the study; after 12 months of Dapagliflozin and dietary carbohydrate restriction, mean weight loss was 8.1 kg (SD 11.3 kg; p = .009). This was mediated by reduced fat mass (mean loss, 9.9 kg; SD 10.4 kg; p = .002) associated with reduced serum leptin at 12 months (mean reduction 11,254 pg/ml; SD 16,075; p = .011). There were no significant changes in self‐reported appetite, 24‐h energy expenditure or serum adiponectin during follow‐up.ConclusionIn this study, combined Dapagliflozin therapy and carbohydrate restriction in patients with T2D and obesity resulted in a significant reduction of body weight and fat mass at 12 months without any discernible changes in energy expenditure or appetite. These results offer a scientific and clinical rationale to conduct an exploratory trial investigating the effects of a low carbohydrate diet combined with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2D.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of a Reactive Platinum(IV) Monotrifluoromethyl Complex
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Yao Houzong , Tse Man‐Kit , Chen Shu , Yiu Shek‐Man , Zhu Guangyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlatinum‐based complexes are among the most widely utilized cancer therapeutics. Current Pt(II) drugs face some challenges including toxicity and drug resistance. To solve these issues, great efforts have been devoted to developing nonclassical platinum complexes, such as Pt(IV) prodrugs, that act via mechanisms distinct from those of the approved drugs. Compared with active Pt(II) counterparts, Pt(IV) complexes are relatively inert. Although direct interactions between Pt(IV) complexes and nucleotides have been reported, the reaction is slow due to the kinetic inertness of Pt(IV) complexes. Herein, we design and synthesize a Pt(IV) monotrifluoromethyl complex, in which the chloride ligand that is trans to trifluoromethyl ligand is reactive. The Pt(IV) monotrifluoromethyl complex is very stable in water but displays high reactivity towards various substrates including buffer components and 5’‐dGMP. The study of reaction mechanism reveals that this Pt(IV) complex reacts with phosphate via SN2 nucleophilic substitution pathway, which is different from Pt(II) drugs. The Pt(IV) monotrifluoromethyl complex is cytotoxic in human ovarian cancer cells. Our work reports an example of a reactive organometallic Pt(IV) complex that can directly interact with nucleophiles and implies its potential as an anticancer agent.
Development of ornamentation on ventifacts: An examination of flow and saltation kinematic mechanisms
Authors: McKenna Neuman Cheryl , Gillies John A. , O'Brien Patrick , Saarenvirta Gianna , Nickling William G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVentifacts are rocks that have been shaped through abrasion by wind‐transported sediment. Their surfaces may be ornamented with characteristic microscale features that are replicated and overlain to form complex patterns. Compared to a large body of work on the transport of unconsolidated sediment in which the atmospheric boundary‐layer flow and sand cloud respond to perturbations in the developing topography, no experimental work to this date has addressed morphodynamic feedback at the particle scale in aeolian systems dominated by abrasion. This article reports on a case study in which laser Doppler anemometry was used in wind tunnel experiments to measure air flow and sand transport over a highly ornamented, tabular ventifact from the Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Periodicity characterizing the static microtopography of the ventifact was observed to be strongly imprinted on the kinetics of both the airflow and particle cloud when sampled along a transect of the ventifact aligned with flow in the wind tunnel matching the dominant sand transporting wind direction for the ventifact in situ. The vertical velocity component was especially well synchronized, with changes in elevation on the order of 2–4 mm. The horizontal component of particle velocity demonstrated an offset in the downwind direction associated with the large forward momentum of the saltating sand particles. However, submillimeter relief on the fixed ventifact surface was not sufficient to initiate kinetic feedback, as observed along a transect aligned normal to a series of elongated flute structures and the dominant sand transporting wind direction. The particle‐scale experimental results confirm that (i) abrasion of this ventifact principally occurred under a unimodal wind and sand transport regime of low‐moderate intensity, and (ii) relief arising from weathering, as governed by the ventifact's lithology, likely initiated development of the present‐day ornamentation.
Observations from the Hydrolysis of the Green Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)
Authors: Solstad Runar Gjerp , James Philip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is a large amount of coproduct generated by the sea urchin fisheries around the world as well as a growing interest in removing large quantities of undersize and low value sea urchins from barren areas in the northern Atlantic and Pacific coasts as well as other areas around the world. The authors believe there is scope to develop a hydrolysate product from this and this study gives preliminary observations on the characteristics of hydrolysate from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. The biochemical composition for S. droebachiensis is moisture 64.1%, protein 3.4%, oil 0.9%, and ash 29.8%. Amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution, lipid‐class, and fatty acid composition are also presented. The authors suggest a sensory‐panel mapping be undertaken on future sea urchin hydrolysates. Possible uses for the hydrolysate are unclear at this stage but the combination of amino acids and the relatively high levels of glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid should be further investigated.
Reusing Waste Coffee Grounds as Electrode Materials: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities
Authors: Pagett Matthew , Teng Kar Seng , Sullivan Geraint , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoffee industry produces more than eight million tons of waste coffee grounds (WCG) annually. These WCG contain caffeine, tannins, and polyphenols and can be of great environmental concern if not properly disposed of. On the other hand, components of WCG are mainly macromolecular cellulose and lignocellulose, which can be utilized as cheap carbon precursors. Accordingly, various forms of carbon materials have been reportedly synthesized from WCG, including activated carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanosheets, carbon nanotubes, graphene sheet fibers (i.e., graphenated carbon nanotubes), and particle‐like graphene. Upcycling of various biomass and/or waste into value‐added functional materials is of growing significance to offer more sustainable solutions and enable circular economy. In this context, this review offers timely insight on the recent advances of WCG derived carbon as value‐added electrode materials. As electrodes, they have shown to possess excellent electrochemical properties and found applications in capacitor/supercapacitor, batteries, electrochemical sensors, owing to their low cost, high electrical conductivity, polarization, and chemical stability. Collectively, these efforts could represent an environmentally friendly and circular economy approach, which could not only help solve the food waste issue, but also generate high performance carbon‐based materials for many electrochemical applications.
Combining of Oncolytic Virotherapy and Other Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Cancer: A Powerful Functionalization Tactic
Authors: Zou Hai , Mou Xiao‐Zhou , Zhu Biao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOncolytic viruses have found a good place in the treatment of cancer. Administering oncolytic viruses directly or by applying genetic changes can be effective in cancer treatment through the lysis of tumor cells and, in some cases, by inducing immune system responses. Moreover, oncolytic viruses induce antitumor immune responses via releasing tumor antigens in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affect tumor cell growth and metabolism. Despite the success of virotherapy in cancer therapies, there are several challenges and limitations, such as immunosuppressive TME, lack of effective penetration into tumor tissue, low efficiency in hypoxia, antiviral immune responses, and off‐targeting. Evidence suggests that oncolytic viruses combined with cancer immunotherapy‐based methods such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies can effectively overcome these challenges. This review summarizes the latest data on the use of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancer and the challenges of this method. Additionally, the effectiveness of mono, dual, and triple therapies using oncolytic viruses and other anticancer agents has been discussed based on the latest findings.
The use of mulch in cultivating the forage cactus optimizes yield in less time and increases the water use efficiency of the crop
Authors: Alves Hygor Kristoph Muniz Nunes , Silva Thieres George Freire da , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , de Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos , Araújo Júnior George do Nascimento , de Souza Carlos André Alves , de Moura Magna Soelma Beserra , de Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , Campos Fleming Sena , da Cruz Neto José Francisco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMeasurements of crop evapotranspiration (ETC) and crop coefficients (kC) in cactus have not yet been adjusted for the phenological stage using conservation practices (i.e. mulching). In this study, soil water dynamics, ETC and kC were measured in the forage cactus under cultivation systems with (WM) and without (NM) the use of mulch in the semi‐arid region of Brazil. Opuntia stricta was subjected to irrigation depths based on a percentage of the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) (rainfed, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and to two systems of cultivation: WM and NM. Over time, the phenophases (φPh) were established; the soil water balance components were calculated and the crop yield was evaluated at harvest. The use of 8.2 Mg ha−1 mulch led to almost no reduced water consumption by the crop when compared to the NM system; however, the mulch did maximize yield, at 839°C day, when irrigated with 50% ET0. The kC value was higher under the WM system, with the differences decreasing throughout the cycle (φPhI, 36%; φPhII, 27%; φPhIII, 23%; φPhIV‐HT, 17%; and φPhIV‐RF, 14%). Therefore, the use of mulch in cultivating the cactus optimized forage production in less time and significantly increased the water use efficiency of the crop.
Optimizing the composition of gelatin methacryloyl and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogels to maximize mechanical and transport properties using response surface methodology
Authors: Talaei Alireza , O'Connell Cathal D. , Sayyar Sepidar , Maher Malachy , Yue Zhilian , Choong Peter F. , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogel materials are promising candidates in cartilage tissue engineering as they provide a 3D porous environment for cell proliferation and the development of new cartilage tissue. Both the mechanical and transport properties of hydrogel scaffolds influence the ability of encapsulated cells to produce neocartilage. In photocrosslinkable hydrogels, both of these material properties can be tuned by changing the crosslinking density. However, the interdependent nature of the structural, physical and biological properties of photocrosslinkable hydrogels means that optimizing composition is typically a complicated process, involving sequential and/or iterative steps of physiochemical and biological characterization. The combinational nature of the variables indicates that an exhaustive analysis of all reasonable concentration ranges would be impractical. Herein, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to efficiently optimize the composition of a hybrid of gelatin‐methacryloyl (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) with respect to both mechanical and transport properties. RSM was employed to investigate the effect of GelMA, HAMA, and photoinitiator concentration on the shear modulus and diffusion coefficient of the hydrogel membrane. Two mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data and used to predict the optimum hydrogel composition. Finally, the optimal composition was tested and compared with the predicted values.
A structural equation model of community development organizations (CDO)' capacity and collaborations to increase community satisfaction
Authors: Jang Eunmie , Park Duk‐Byeong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examines a structural equation model among community development organizational capacity, collaborations, and community satisfaction to develop a comprehensive model of community satisfaction in rural community development projects in South Korea. The model was tested on a sample of 592 participants in the rural community development project for enhancing community development in South Korea, using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that the planning capacity of CDOs and community collaboration are significant determinants that influence community satisfaction. The leadership capacity, planning capacity, and administrative support capacity of CDOs can facilitate community collaboration. But leadership and planning capacity did not significantly affect community satisfaction. Practical and policy implications are included in the conclusion.
Evidence for human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus via environmental transmission inside live poultry market in Xiamen, China
Authors: Jin Yifei , Cui Huan , Jiang Lina , Zhang Cheng , Li Jingjing , Cheng Hongliang , Chen Zehui , Zheng Jing , Zhang Yidun , Fu Yingying , Li Jiaming , Li Li , Guo Zhendong , Lu Bing , Wang Zhongyi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractH9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has become prevalent in the live poultry market (LPM) worldwide, and environmental transmission mode is an important way for AIVs to infect human beings in the LPM. To find evidence of human infection with the influenza A(H9N2) virus via environmental contamination, we evaluated one human isolate and three environmental isolates inside LPMs in Xiamen, China. The phylogeny, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of the four isolates were sorted out systematically. As for the H9N2 virus, which evolved alongside the “Avian‐Environment‐Human” spreading chain in LPMs from the summer of 2019 to the summer of 2020, its overall efficiency of contact and aerosol transmissibility improved, which might contribute to the increasing probability of human infection. This study indicated that environmental exposure might act as an important source of human infection in LPMs.
Association of COVID‐19 vaccination before conception with maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy: A single‐center study in China
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhao Yongbo , Zhang Yijun , Li Mengyuan , Su Xin , Zhou Yicheng , Zhang Ziyi , Jin Liping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the high vaccination coverage, potential COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced adverse effects, especially in pregnant women, have not been fully characterized. We examined the association between COVID‐19 vaccination before conception and maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. A total of 6979 pregnant women were included. Vaccine administration was obtained from electronic vaccination records. Serum levels of thyroid hormone were measured by fluorescence and chemiluminescence immunoassays. Among the 6979 included pregnant women, 3470 (49.7%) received at least two doses of an inactivated vaccine. COVID‐19 vaccination had a statistically significant association with both maternal serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Compared with unvaccinated pregnant women, the mean FT4 levels were lower in pregnant women who had been vaccinated within 3 months before the date of conception by 0.27 pmol/L (β = −0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.42, −0.12), and the mean TSH levels were higher by 0.08 mIU/L (β = 0.08, 95% CI, 0.00, 0.15). However, when the interval from vaccination to conception was prolonged to more than 3 months, COVID‐19 vaccination was not associated with serum FT4 or TSH levels. Moreover, we found that COVID‐19 vaccination did not significantly associate with maternal hypothyroidism. Our study suggested that vaccination with inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines before conception might result in a small change in maternal thyroid function, but this did not reach clinically significant levels.
Characterization of bioemulsifying EPS from Halobacillus trueperi MXM‐16, a halophilic adhered bacterial isolate from the mangrove ecosystem
Authors: Kharangate‐Lad Amrita , Bhosle Saroj 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExopolymeric substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells play a crucial role in the interaction of the cells with the surrounding environment. Halobacillus trueperi manxer mangrove‐16, an adhered bacterial isolate from the mangrove ecosystem was found to produce EPS that was observed by Alcian blue staining and congo red‐coomassie blue agar. The EPS of the bacterial isolate exhibited emulsifying properties. Purification of the EPS by dialysis showed an emulsification index of 80% with hexadecane. Qualitative analysis and Fourier's Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the EPS was a glycoprotein in nature. The EPS showed no surface‐active properties. Further exploration of the potential of the EPS interaction with metal solutions showed the ability of the bioemulsifier to cause precipitation in the metal solutions and particularly change the color of the Chromium (VI) solution. The scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) of the cells and EPS particularly indicated the interaction of the EPS with the (Fe0) zerovalent iron nanoparticles and its effect on the cells and EPS of the bacteria. It is therefore concluded that the EPS is a crucial component that anchors the bacteria to particulate matter in the mangrove ecosystem and also plays an important role in interaction with metals and hydrocarbons.
Artificial intelligence and loan default: The case of commercial banks in India
Authors: Mor Surender , Aneja Ranjan , Madan Sonu , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe supervised machine learning algorithm‐based logistic regression predicts the loan default risk by correctly identifying banks with risky/safer loans in the Indian commercial banking sector. Higher levels of interest income and spread have been found negatively associated with the probability of loan default risk, while interest expended, operating expenses and credit deposit ratio are positively related to the level of loan risk. The study recommends that a high spread, low rate of interest expended and lower operating expenses, will effectively lower the probability of loan default risk in the Indian banking sector.
Oxidation behavior of near nanostructured coating developed by the HVOF process
Authors: Rengarajan Shankar , Ramaraj Balasubramanian Karuppudayar , Paramashivan Sivapirakasam Suthangathan , Velusamy Senthilkumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrostructured and near nanostructured Cr3C2–Ni–Cr–B–Si coatings were deposited on Inconel 718 superalloy by high‐velocity oxygen fuel thermal spray technique. The oxidation behavior of microstructured and near nanostructured Cr3C2–Ni–Cr–B–Si coated superalloy at 900°C in air for 50 cycles under cyclic heating and cooling conditions was studied. The kinetics of oxidation of both nanostructured and microstructured coated superalloy was analyzed by weight change measurement. It was noticed that the uncoated and coated alloy obey the parabolic rate law of oxidation. X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x‐ray analysis, and elemental mapping techniques were used to analyze the oxidized samples of coated and uncoated samples. In the coated superalloy, iron, silicon, and titanium were oxidized in the inter‐splat region, whereas the splats which consist mainly of Ni and Cr remain unoxidized. Because of the formation of compact and adhesive thin NiO and Cr2O3 scale on the surface of the coating during oxidation, the developed nanostructured coated superalloy shows better oxidation resistance than the microstructured one.