bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riding an escalator: upward range shift and patterns of genetic response to climate change in Acer caudatifolium
Authors: Chai Min‐Wei , Tseng Yi‐Ting , Lu Hsin‐Pei , Luo Min‐Xin , Chang Jui‐Tse , Liao Pei‐Chun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimRapid global warming is threatening global biodiversity, and it will likely lead to varying degrees of local adaptation, particularly amongst plant species. Besides, rising temperatures frequently result in upslope distribution shifts towards climatic optima (i.e. the escalator effect) within a limited dispersal space, such as in insular environments. Here, we integrated ecological and genetic approaches to investigate how climate change will impact the genetic compositions and spatial distributions of Taiwan's endemic maple Acer caudatifolium.LocationTaiwan.MethodsWe estimate the distribution range shifts of A. caudatifolium under climate change through species distribution modelling (SDM). We also use 368 genotyped samples to infer dispersal and genetic hotspots and quantify the contributions of geography/environments to genetic variations. We further assess the potential risk to A. caudatifolium under different climate warming scenarios.ResultsWe detected three genetic diversity hotspots near mountainous glacial refugia and two dispersal hotspots in northern Taiwan and the central‐to‐southern Central Mountain Range. Overall range reductions and an altitudinal upslope shift were observed in SDM. Using both linear and nonlinear regression approaches, we found that genetic variation was significantly associated with geographic distance and elevation‐related climatic variables. The potential risk analysis revealed that the northernmost summit‐dwelling populations were the most vulnerable. Furthermore, the major risk factor differed amongst populations: for central populations, temperature and precipitation jointly determined the potential risk, whereas precipitation was the only risk factor for northern and southern populations.Main conclusionsThis case study demonstrates how various climate factors, mountain height and the availability of corridors jointly determine the demographic fates and sustainability of island maples in the face of climate change. This study also provided estimates of the implications of global warming, which can be conducive to developing appropriate conservation strategies.
Takotsubo syndrome in COVID‐19: a case series study
Authors: Arroyo‐Rodríguez Cuitláhuac , Victoria‐Nandayapa Jose Roberto , López‐Aceves Mariana , Machain‐Leyva Cyntia Zulema , Soto‐Gaxiola Alan Humberto , Pérez‐Méndez Fausto Miguel , Navarro‐Ruiz José Eduardo , García‐Gámez Gladys Eugenia , Jacobo‐López Sergio , Victoria‐Nandayapa Victor 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundTakotsubo syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by an acute and transient left ventricular systolic dysfunction related to an emotional or physical stressful event.Case presentationDuring the Covid‐19 pandemic, five cases of Takotsubo syndrome in hospitalized, mechanically ventilated patients due critical SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been identified at our institution. Here we present the electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic characteristics of this case series. All cases were initially suspected by echocardiography performed due an abnormal electrocardiogram, troponin elevation or clinical deterioration.ConclusionA high index of suspicion should be sought to identify Takotsubo syndrome and other cardiac complications associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Circulating folate concentrations and the risk of mild cognitive impairment: A prospective study on the older Chinese population without folic acid fortification
Authors: Fu Jingzhu , Liu Qian , Zhu Yun , Sun Changqing , Duan Huilian , Huang Ling , Zhou Dezheng , Wang Zehao , Zhao Jing , Li Zhenshu , Ma Fei , Li Wen , Liu Huan , Zhang Xumei , Chen Yongjie , Wang Guangshun , Du Yue , Huang Guowei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe longitudinal association between serum folate concentrations and the risk of cognitive impairment remains unclear in populations with low folate levels. We examined the association between serum folate concentrations and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults in China, where mandatory fortification of foods with folic acid has not been implemented. We further explored if homocysteine (Hcy) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) mediate the association between serum folate and MCI.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal analysis of 3974 participants aged ≥60 years from the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition (TENC) cohort study. The associations between serum folate level and the risk of cognitive impairment overall and stratified by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotypes were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. The mediating effects of Hcy and LTL on the folate–MCI association were explored via a path analysis approach.ResultsWithin a 3‐year follow‐up, we documented 560 incident MCI cases. After multivariable adjustment, higher serum folate concentrations were associated with lower incidence of MCI, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) across quartiles of folate (from lowest to highest concentrations) of 1.00 (reference), 0.66 (0.52, 0.83), 0.57 (0.45, 0.73), 0.66 (0.52, 0.84), respectively (p for trend <0.001). In mediation analyses, the status of serum folate deficiency and MCI were correlated via two intermediary pathways, Hcy and Hcy‐telomere (p < 0.05).ConclusionsLower folate concentrations, independently of APOE genotype, were associated with increased risk of MCI among elderly Chinese people, a population with relatively low folate intake. Our data were compatible with the mediation hypothesis that the association between folate status and MCI was mediated by Hcy and LTL.
The wealth effects of takeover bids regulation in the European Union
Authors: Loureiro Gilberto , Silva Sónia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate the wealth effects of the Takeover Bids Directive, enacted by the European Union (EU), on mergers and acquisitions. The directive aims at protecting target minority shareholders by restricting antitakeovers provisions and preventing managerial entrenchment. We test the regulation impact using a treatment sample of EU public acquisitions and a control sample from outside the EU. Our results suggest diverse effects of the regulation across treatment countries: acquirers from countries with better shareholder protection engage in more value‐enhancing acquisitions postregulation that could otherwise be too costly. The regulation also increases the likelihood of firms becoming targets and raises market value.
Nitrogen fixation rates in forested mountain streams: Are sediment microbes more important than previously thought?
Authors: Bakker Erica A. H. , Vizza Carmella , Arango Clay P. , Roley Sarah S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation, the microbial conversion of N2 gas to ammonia, makes N available to food webs. Low‐N streams often have a high relative abundance of N‐fixing taxa, suggesting that N fixation is an important N source in these systems. Despite this potential, stream N fixation has not been well‐characterised, particularly compared to lakes and marine environments. One unknown is the relative contributions of various N‐fixing organisms, particularly heterotrophic microbes.

In low‐N streams in the Cascade Mountains (Washington, USA), three groups of N‐fixers predominate: cyanobacteria (Nostoc paramelioides) colonies that house a midge symbiont (Cricotopus spp.), cyanobacteria without a midge symbiont, and heterotrophic sediment microbes. In seven streams, we measured N fixation rates in each group with the acetylene reduction assay and a 15N2 calibration.

Cyanobacteria N fixation rates were relatively low (7.9 ± 8.9 μg N m−2 hr−1, mean ± SD) compared to other mountain streams. Although rates were comparable among types of N‐fixers, our sediment conversion ratio (moles of ethylene produced:moles of N fixed) was 0.16:1, much lower than our cyanobacteria conversion ratio of 1.72:1 and the commonly used theoretical ratio of 3:1. Sediment N fixation rates (5.7 ± 4.0 μg N m−2 hr−1) were higher than previously reported rates measured only with acetylene reduction.

The midge symbiosis did not greatly impact N fixation rates; however, owing to their prevalence, colonies with the midge probably contributed more total N to streams than colonies without the midge. Additionally, N fixation by sediment heterotrophs was comparable to that of cyanobacteria colonies on an areal basis.

Our study demonstrated that the contribution of sediment heterotrophs previously may have been underestimated in streams, especially considering that sediment heterotrophs are probably present for a longer portion of the growing season than cyanobacteria in temperate and boreal ecosystems.
Sea Country: Plurality and knowledge of saltwater territories in Indigenous Australian contexts
Authors: Kearney Amanda , O'Leary Michael , Platten Spencer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are distinct bodies of cultural knowledge attached to the sea. In this paper we orient the focus towards the nature and extent of cultural framings of sea territories, as inclusive of submerged landscapes, for Indigenous maritime peoples in northern Australia. This approach is distinguished by a pluralist methodology and reorients the primal focus of a human geography and broader geographical scholarship concerning submerged landscapes to begin with an Indigenous perspective. Engaging ethnographic accounts of Indigenous Australian knowledges of Sea Country, as inclusive of ancient pre‐inundation landscapes that lie out‐of‐sight on Australia's continental shelves, highlights the potential for a more expansive vision of human connections to the past and present continental landmass of Australia. Indigenous oral traditions, Dreaming Ancestor narratives and songlines provide extensive detail to assist in understanding these parts of the greater Australian landmass and in this paper are brought into relation with recent sea floor mapping efforts which operate to draw back the water and reveal commensurable geographies upon which to envision possibilities for socialised realms of human emplacement. Both bodies of knowledge generate information of submerged landscapes that call for an expansion of thinking on where the land ends and the sea begins and how submerged terrestrial landscapes are understood across cultures as part of human geography. The approach outlined here calls for a habit of bringing principled systems of understanding to stand together as part of an explanatory schema for a world populated by and yet differentially known by people.
Histomorphometric and oxidative evaluation of the offspring's testis from type 2 diabetic female rats treated with metformin and pentoxifylline
Authors: de Oliveira Jessica Santana , Silva Alluanan Adelson do Nascimento , Dias Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro , de Oliveira Elizabeth Lopes , de Oliveira Filho Emanuel Felipe , Soares Pierre Castro , Ferreira Catarina Michelle de Oliveira , da Silva Junior Valdemiro Amaro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) during pregnancy is characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species and pro‐inflammatory factors in the placenta. Once these reactive species reach the foetus, they trigger physiological adaptations that allow the foetus to survive, but programme the organism to develop metabolic disorders in adulthood. The male reproductive system is highly susceptible to foetal programming. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intrauterine exposure to T2D on testicular histomorphometry and redox homeostasis of adult rats and evaluate the effects of maternal treatment with metformin and pentoxifylline. Female rats were induced to T2D, then treated with metformin and pentoxifylline, or co‐treated with both drugs. The females were mated, the male offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 90, and the testicles were collected for analysis. Metformin protected the tubular compartment, with the maintenance of the Sertoli cell population and daily sperm production. Pentoxifylline attenuated the effects of diabetes on Leydig cells, in addition to stimulating testosterone production and lowering lipid peroxidation. Intrauterine exposure to T2D results in important testicular alterations that compromise gonadal function, and the co‐treatment with metformin and pentoxifylline may represent a promising therapy that attenuates these effects by combining the positive influences in both the tubular and interstitial compartments of the testicular parenchyma.
Recovery from chronic periodontal disease is associated with lower risk for incident diabetes
Authors: Park Jung‐Hyun , Kim Sun‐Hyun , Kim Sun‐Jong , Kim Jin‐Woo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe presence of periodontal disease (PD) at a single time point has been suggested as a predictor of diabetes risk, but whether changes in PD status are associated with altered risk of diabetes is yet to be reported on a population scale. This study investigated whether recovery from or development of PD in a population is associated with an altered risk of diabetes occurrence.Materials and MethodsData of subjects who received health screening from 2002 to 2007 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service–National Health Screening cohort database of Korea. Patients with a history of diabetes were excluded. Changes in PD status were determined from the first two health screenings. Study subjects were divided into four groups according to the changes in PD status: PD‐free, PD‐recovered, PD‐developed, and PD‐chronic. The outcome was the occurrence of diabetes.ResultsOverall, 111,611 subjects were included for analysis. During a median follow‐up of 9.10 years, diabetes developed in 6102 subjects. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes across various PD change groups (in reference to the PD‐free group) were as follows: PD‐chronic group = 1.096 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.026–1.170, p = .006); PD‐developed group = 1.073 (95% CI 0.993–1.159, p = .075); and PD‐recovered group = 1.019 (95% CI 0.945–1.100, p = .622). The subjects who recovered from PD had a lower diabetes risk than those who had consistent PD (adjusted HR 0.930, 95% CI 0.865–1.000, p = .050), whereas those who developed PD had a higher risk of diabetes than those who remained PD‐free.ConclusionThe longitudinal change in PD status is associated with incident diabetes risk. Future intervention studies are necessary to determine whether PD treatment can prevent incident diabetes.
Cold plasma in food processing and preservation: A review
Authors: Birania Sapna , Attkan Arun Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Nitin , Singh Vijay Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe need for safe and healthy foods has increased since the turn of the century. Novel non‐thermal food processing technologies are being adopted by the food sector. Cold plasma (CP) is a proposed, non‐thermal food processing method that inactivates contaminating bacteria on foods and packing materials by using charged, highly reactive gaseous molecules and species. It was originally established to improve the printing and adhesive capabilities of polymers, as well as several electronic applications. The uses of cold plasma have expanded up to food industries in recent decades as a powerful tool for non‐thermal food processing, with a variety of applications. The impact of CP on food quality is crucial to its acceptability as an alternative food processing technology. As the cold plasma possesses non‐thermal characteristics, these can be a great combination of high reactivity and moderate temperatures, which can be used for heat‐sensitive products. CP treatments have had no or little effects on the chemical, physical, sensory, and nutritional properties of different items because of the non‐thermal nature. This review paper discusses the cold plasma, generation method, effect on food and limitations, and future prospects.Practical applicationsNon‐thermal food processing is a relatively new application that is gaining attraction. As a non‐thermal technology, cold plasma is environmentally safe and produces minimal modifications in treated products. Cold plasma has a wide range of uses in the food and biomedical industries. The application of cold plasma for surface sterilization of both food products and food packaging materials is progressing due to significant advances in plasma science and its advantages over the conventional sterilization technologies. This paper highlights recent cold plasma breakthroughs on several plant and animal‐based food matrices with the goal of emphasizing prospective applications, current research, and industry trends. This analysis will help students, researchers, consumers, and food processors to understand the safety of cold plasma and its wide‐scale commercial application in food by assessing the safety of gases utilized in the plasma treatment.
Comprehensive cardiopulmonary profile of individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Beck V. D. Y. , Wee S. O. , Lefferts E. C. , Hibner B. A. , Burton L. C. , Baynard T. , Fernhall B. , Hilgenkamp T. I. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and previous studies have shown that these low levels of fitness have a physiological cause. During exercise, the cardiovascular, ventilatory and muscular systems are simultaneously active. While individual parameters of these systems have been investigated in DS before, the interaction between these parameters and systems have not been discussed in detail. Doing so may provide important insight regarding the aetiology of low cardiorespiratory fitness and which parameters of the cardiovascular, pulmonary and muscular systems are altered in individuals with DS compared with their peers without DS.MethodsCardiopulmonary exercise tests were performed in healthy adults with and without DS. Parameters related to the cardiovascular, ventilatory and muscular systems were collected until VO2peak. In total, 51 participants were included in analysis, of which 21 had DS.ResultsIndividuals with DS showed lower peak values for all collected outcomes (P ≤ 0.001) compared with those without DS, except for ventilatory threshold as a percentage of maximal oxygen uptake and VE/VCO2 slope, which were similar.ConclusionsOur results show that individuals with DS present impairments across the cardiovascular, ventilatory and muscular aspects of the cardiopulmonary system.
Normalizing the Central Bank's Balance Sheet: Implications for Inflation and Debt Dynamics
Authors: DOMÍNGUEZ BEGOÑA , GOMIS‐PORQUERAS PEDRO 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe explore the effects of reducing the overall size of the central bank's balance sheet and lowering its maturity structure. To do so, we consider an environment where fiscal policy is traditionally passive and the central bank follows the Taylor principle. In addition, the monetary authority has also explicit size and compositional rules regarding its balance sheet. Agents in this economy face limited commitment in some markets and government bonds can be used as collateral. When short‐ and long‐term public debt exhibit premia, changes in the central bank's balance sheet have implications for long‐run inflation and real allocations. To ensure a unique locally stable steady state, the central bank should target a low enough maturity composition of its balance sheet. In our numerical exercise, calibrated to the United States, we find that long‐term debt holdings by the central bank should be less than 0.5 times of their short‐term positions. Moreover, the process of balance sheet normalization should aggressively respond to the total debt issued in the economy relative to its target. These findings depend on the degree of liquidity of long‐term bonds. The more liquid long‐term bonds are, the lower is the value of the composition threshold and the parameter space consistent with unique and stable equilibria is smaller. In addition, we consider a modified Taylor rule that takes into account the premium. Such a rule increases the prevalence of multiplicity of steady states and delivers lower welfare. Thus, we argue that the traditional Taylor rule is appropriate for managing interest rates in the presence of premia.
The occurrence and associated risk factors of brain metastases in well differentiated grade 1 and 2 bronchial neuroendocrine tumours: A single centre retrospective analysis of 280 patients
Authors: Spurgeon Laura , Jones James , Lewis Alexandra , Rammohan Kandadai , Shaheen Fadhel , Weaver Jamie , Papaxoinis George , Mansoor Wasat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTypical and atypical bronchial carcinoid account for around 2% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms of pulmonary origin. Fewer than 5% of patients with these cancers are thought to develop brain metastases, and hence routine intracranial imaging is not currently included in staging investigations. In this study, retrospective case note analysis was performed on 280 patients diagnosed with either typical carcinoid (TC) or atypical carcinoid (AC) at a large, single‐site cancer centre. None of the 219 patients with TC developed brain metastases during the course of their disease, whereas seven of the 61 AC (11.5%) were found to have intracranial spread, four of which were present at the point of diagnosis. A Cox proportional hazard model showed that a Ki‐67 expression ≥18%, patient age ≥65 years and disease stage at diagnosis were all independently and significantly associated with the development of brain metastases in AC. This study has found new evidence that the incidence of brain metastases in AC is significantly higher than previously thought. Of all the variables reviewed, Ki‐67 expression was most strongly associated with the development of intracranial disease in AC and could be readily translated into clinical practice. Predictive factors such as age, disease stage and Ki‐67 expression could be used to identify patients at particularly increased risk of brain metastases, who would benefit from early intracranial imaging. This could allow for earlier detection and treatment of metastases, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes and patient quality of life.