bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term morbidity and types of intrapartum hypoxia in the newborn with metabolic acidaemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: di Pasquo Elvira , Commare Arianna , Masturzo Bianca , Paolucci Sonia , Cromi Antonella , Montersino Benedetta , Germano Chiara M. , Attini Rossella , Perrone Serafina , Pisani Francesco , Dall'Asta Andrea , Fieni Stefania , Frusca Tiziana , Ghi Tullio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess labour characteristics in relation to the occurrence of Composite Adverse neonatal Outcome (CAO) within a cohort of fetuses with metabolic acidaemia.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThree Italian tertiary maternity units.Population431 neonates born with acidaemia ≥36 weeks.MethodsIntrapartum CTG traces were assigned to one of these four types of labour hypoxia: acute, subacute, gradually evolving and chronic hypoxia. The presence of CAO was defined by the occurrence of at least one of the following: Sarnat Score grade ≥2, seizures, hypothermia and death <7 days from birth.Main outcome measuresTo compare the type of hypoxia on the intrapartum CTG traces among the acidaemic neonates with and without CAO.ResultsThe occurrence of a CAO was recorded in 15.1% of neonates. At logistic regression analysis, the duration of the hypoxia was the only parameter associated with CAO in the case of an acute or subacute pattern (odds ratio [OR] 1.3; 95% CI 1.02–1.6 and OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.0–1.1, respectively), whereas both the duration of the hypoxic insult and the time from PROM to delivery were associated with CAO in those with a gradually evolving pattern (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.01–1.3 and OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.0–1.7, respectively). The incidence of CAO was higher in fetuses with chronic antepartum hypoxia than in those showing CTG features of intrapartum hypoxia (64.7 vs. 13.0%; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe frequency of CAO seems related to the duration and the type of the hypoxic injury, being higher in fetuses showing CTG features of antepartum chronic hypoxia.Tweetable abstractThis study demonstrates that in a large population of neonates with metabolic acidaemia at birth, the overall incidence of short‐term adverse outcome is around 15%. Such risk seems closely correlated to the duration and the type of hypoxic injury, being higher in fetuses admitted in labour with antepartum chronic hypoxia than those experiencing intrapartum hypoxia.
Did prescribing laws disproportionately affect opioid dispensing to Black patients?
Authors: Townsend Tarlise N. , Bohnert Amy S. B. , Lagisetty Pooja , Haffajee Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether pain management clinic laws and prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) prescriber check mandates, two state opioid policies with relatively rapid adoption across states, reduced opioid dispensing more or less in Black versus White patients.Data SourcesPharmacy claims data, US sample of commercially insured adults, 2007–2018.Study DesignStratifying by race, we used generalized estimating equations with an event‐study specification to estimate time‐varying effects of each policy on opioid dispensing, comparing to the four pre‐policy quarters and states without the policy. Outcomes included high‐dosage opioids, overlapping opioid prescriptions, concurrent opioid/benzodiazepines, opioids from >3 prescribers, opioids from >3 pharmacies.Data Extraction MethodsWe identified all prescription opioid dispensing to Black and White adults aged 18–64 without a palliative care or cancer diagnosis code.Principal FindingsExactly 7,096,592 White and 1,167,310 Black individuals met inclusion criteria. Pain management clinic laws were associated with reductions in two outcomes; their association with high‐dosage receipt was larger among White patients. In contrast, reductions due to PDMP mandates appeared limited to, or larger in, Black patients compared with White patients in four of five outcomes. For example, PDMP mandates reduced high‐dosage receipt in Black patients by 0.7 percentage points (95% CI: 0.36–1.08 ppt.) over 4 years: an 8.4% decrease from baseline; there was no apparent effect in White patients. Similarly, while there was limited evidence that mandates reduced overlapping opioid receipt in White patients, they appeared to reduce overlapping opioid receipt in Black patients by 1.3 ppt. (95% CI: −1.66–−1.01 ppt.) across post‐policy years—a 14.4% decrease from baseline.ConclusionsPDMP prescriber check mandates but not pain management clinic laws appeared to reduce opioid dispensing more in Black patients than White patients. Future research should discern the mechanisms underlying these disparities and their consequences for pain management.
Radiation oncology peer review in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chin Stephen , Or Michelle , Ong Wee Loon , Millar Jeremy , Chilkuri Madhavi , Vinod Shalini 
Published: March 2022

SummaryPeer review is a part of high quality care within radiation oncology, designed to achieve the best outcomes for patients. We discuss the importance of and evidence for peer review in clinical practice. The Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) has evolved a Peer Review Assessment Tool (PRAT) since 1999. We report the results of a RANZCR faculty survey conducted in radiation oncology facilities across Australia and New Zealand to guide the 2019 PRAT revision process, and discuss the development and implementation of the 2019 PRAT. Peer‐review processes are now mandated as a component of Australian and International Quality Standards. Several practical recommendations might address challenges for effective implementation of peer review process in routine clinical practice. This includes prioritising tumour sites and treatment techniques for peer review within the time and resources constraints of each institution, improving resource allocation, ensuring optimal timing and duration for peer review meetings, and adopting multi‐centre virtual peer review meeting where necessary.
Structured Reporting in Radiology: what do radiologists think and does RANZCR have a role in implementation
Authors: Pool Felicity J. , Ferris Nicholas , Siwach Piyush , Siemienowicz Miranda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) established a working group to explore how the college should engage with the future development of structured radiology reporting in our region, particularly in the context of a broader move to digital healthcare. Phase 1 of the project surveyed college members and affiliated interest groups about how they are using structured reporting currently and might like it to evolve.MethodsMember and interest group questionnaires were based on previously published studies and posted to the Survey Monkey platform. Responses were analysed descriptively.ResultsThere were 114 members and 58 affiliated group responses. There is clearest support for RANZCR developing guidelines around structured report quality, for improvements in report content, particularly tailoring to clinical context and study parameters, and for improved integration of structured reporting and RIS/PACS systems.ConclusionsPhase 2 of the structured reporting working group project will aim to develop guidelines for structured report quality and processes through which RANZCR can implement them.
National diagnostic reference levels: What they are, why we need them and what’s next
Authors: Thomas Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are an optimisation tool for medical imaging procedures using ionising radiation. They give an indication of the expected radiation dose received by an average‐sized patient undergoing a given imaging procedure. Comparison of typical (median) exposure levels for common imaging procedures with DRLs helps imaging facilities identify procedures that may be amenable to further optimisation. Undertaking comparisons with published DRLs is a requirement for medical imaging facilities under the Code for Radiation Protection in Medical Exposure and for their access to Medicare rebates under the Diagnostic Imaging Accreditation Scheme (DIAS). The Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency has created the National Diagnostic Reference Level Service to facilitate the collection of data for the establishment of national DRLs in Australia and to assist imaging facilities in comparing their typical doses with the national DRLs. National DRLs have been established in computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and for image‐guided and interventional procedures. DRLs must be subject to ongoing review and revision by the national authority to ensure they reflect current practice. This ongoing cycle of assessment and review helps to ensure that the ratio of benefit to risk for patients is maximised.
‘With great power comes great responsibility’: An impetus for quality and safety in radiation oncology
Authors: Chilkuri Madhavi , Millar Jeremy , Adams Gerard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrict quality control and vigilance at every step is essential to maintain rigour and ensure quality and safety in radiation oncology. The scientific knowledge and technological capabilities we possess give us enormous power to deliver specialised and complex treatments and improve health outcomes for our cancer patients. However, this requires development of whole system performance and its evaluation against established standards and benchmarks. It calls for organisational commitment and active participation of managers and clinical teams in quality improvement initiatives. In addition to medical physicists and radiation therapist, radiation oncologists, including trainees, must accept important leadership responsibilities to maintain a positive safety culture.
Quality use of artificial intelligence in medical imaging: What do radiologists need to know?
Authors: Goergen Stacy K , Frazer Helen ML , Reddy Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence, and in particular machine learning, to the practice of radiology, is already impacting the quality of imaging care. It will increasingly do so in the future. Radiologists need to be aware of factors that govern the quality of these tools at the development, regulatory and clinical implementation stages in order to make judicious decisions about their use in daily practice.
Prognostic significance of albumin–bilirubin score in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing combined immunotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: Dong Dezuo , Zhu Xianggao , Wang Hongzhi , Li Lijuan , Wan Meng , Li Shuai , Zhang Yangzi , Geng Jianhao , Li Yongheng , Wang Weihu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to explore the prognostic value of albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) scores in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and radiotherapy (RT).MethodsPatients with unresectable HCC receiving combined ICI and RT (July 2018 to February 2021) were retrospectively enrolled and analysed. Cox regression modelling was implemented to identify prognostic factors. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Survival was compared using log‐rank tests.ResultsA total of 38 patients were enrolled. The median follow‐up was 16.5 months (range: 6.7–29.9). The objective response rate (ORR) was 28.9%, including complete response in three (7.9%) patients. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2–8.0), and the median overall survival (OS) was 12.9 months (95% CI: 8.3–17.6). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, ALBI score and age were identified as independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Patients with grade 1 ALBI scores who were ≥53 years of age (the low‐risk group) had statistically significantly higher ORRs (50.0% vs. 13.6%) and prolonged median PFS (15.3 vs. 2.7 months) and OS (not reached vs. 10.1 months). Grade 3 haematological toxicities and/or liver function abnormalities occurred in 15 (39.5%) patients; treatment was not interrupted. No grade 4 or higher side effects were observed.ConclusionCombined ICI and RT is an effective modality for treating unresectable HCC with moderate side effects. ALBI scores merits consideration when applying this combined treatment modality. These results should be validated within large cohort studies.
Childhood trauma and treatment outcomes during mood‐stabilising treatment with lithium or quetiapine among outpatients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Wrobel Anna L. , Köhler‐Forsberg Ole , Sylvia Louisa G. , Russell Samantha E. , Dean Olivia M. , Cotton Sue M. , Thase Michael , Calabrese Joseph R. , Deckersbach Thilo , Tohen Mauricio , Bowden Charles L. , McInnis Melvin G. , Kocsis James H. , Friedman Edward S. , Ketter Terence A. , Shelton Richard C. , Ostacher Michael J. , Iosifescu Dan V. , Berk Michael , Turner Alyna , Nierenberg Andrew A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood trauma affects the course of mood disorders. Researchers are now considering childhood trauma as an influential factor in the treatment of mood disorders. However, the role of childhood trauma in the treatment of bipolar disorder remains understudied.MethodsThe effect of childhood trauma on treatment outcomes was evaluated among participants randomised to treatment with lithium or quetiapine in the Clinical and Health Outcomes Initiatives in Comparative Effectiveness for Bipolar Disorder (Bipolar CHOICE) study by clinician assessment. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to analyse rates of improvement in symptom severity (assessed with the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale for Bipolar Disorder) and functional impairment (assessed with the Longitudinal Interval Follow‐up Evaluation‐Range of Impaired Functioning Tool).ResultsA history of any childhood trauma was reported by 52.7% of the sample (N = 476). Although participants with a history of any childhood trauma presented with greater symptom severity and functional impairment at most study visits, participants with and without a history of any childhood trauma showed similar rates of improvement in symptom severity and functional impairment over the 24 weeks of treatment.ConclusionThis is the first study to explore the association between childhood trauma and treatment outcomes during treatment with lithium or quetiapine in the context of a randomised trial. In Bipolar CHOICE, a history of childhood trauma did not inhibit improvement in symptom severity or functional impairment. Nevertheless, these findings need replication across different settings.
Impact of state and trait anxiety severity on retention and phase advancement in an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program
Authors: Gokarakonda Srinivasa B. , Boydstun Jacob M. , Yilanli Musa , Han Xiaotong , Kumar Nihit , Oliveto Alison H. , Mancino Michael J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesComorbid anxiety is common among buprenorphine patients and may lead to poorer outcomes. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and impact of anxiety severity, measured by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form Y‐1 & Y2 scale, on treatment outcomes (retention and phase advancement) among outpatient buprenorphine‐treated patients.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 94 patients admitted to an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program was conducted. Patients were dichotomized into high and low severity groups based upon an STAI State Anxiety (S‐Anxiety) and STAI Trait Anxiety (T‐Anxiety) score ≥60 and <60, respectively. Associations of anxiety severity on successful phase advancement and retention during the first 90 days of treatment were assessed.ResultsTwenty‐one of 94 (22%) participants reported high S‐Anxiety and had a significantly greater likelihood of phase advancement (OR = 12.80, 95% CI = [1.19, 136.71]) than those with low S‐Anxiety. No significant associations were found between either S‐Anxiety or T‐Anxiety and treatment retention. Current alcohol use and UDS negative test results for THC or amphetamines were each associated with phase advancement. THC negative UDS test results were associated with 90‐day treatment retention.Discussion and ConclusionsContrary to prior reports, buprenorphine patients with higher state anxiety severity demonstrated similar retention and more rapid phase advancement than those with lower state anxiety severity.Scientific SignificanceTo our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify current anxiety severity using the STAI scale and evaluate its impact on treatment outcomes among buprenorphine‐treated patients.
Letter: the potential link between oesophageal hypervigilance, visceral anxiety, increased swallow rate and oesophageal mucosal integrity
Authors: Ribolsi Mentore , Savarino Edoardo 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wong et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16561 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16801
Editorial: infections and hepatic encephalopathy–does the chicken or the egg come FIRST? A novel perspective at the horizon
Authors: Riggio Oliviero , Ridola Lorenzo 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Alabsawy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16790 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16829
Editorial: infections and hepatic encephalopathy—does the chicken or the egg come first? A novel perspective at the horizon. Authors’ reply
Authors: Alabsawy Eman , Shalimar  , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: March 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Alabsawy et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16790 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16809
Justice and the racial dimensions of health inequalities: A view from COVID‐19
Authors: Ganguli‐Mitra Agomoni , Qureshi Kaveri , Curry Gwenetta D. , Meer Nasar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we take up the call to further examine structural injustice in health, and racial inequalities in particular. We examine the many facets of racism: structural, interpersonal and institutional as they appeared in the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK, and emphasize the relevance of their systemic character. We suggest that such inequalities were entirely foreseeable, for their causal mechanisms are deeply ingrained in our social structures. It is by recognizing the conventional, un‐extraordinary nature of racism within social systems that we can begin to address socially mediated health inequalities.
Reading with induced worry: The role of physiological self‐regulation and working memory updating in text comprehension
Authors: Zaccoletti Sonia , Raccanello Daniela , Burro Roberto , Mason Lucia 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAn interplay of emotional and cognitive aspects underlies academic performance. We focused on the contribution of such interplay to text comprehension.AimsWe investigated the effect of worry on comprehension and the role of two potential moderators of this effect: physiological self‐regulation as resting heart rate variability (HRV) and working memory updating.SampleEighty‐two seventh graders were involved in a quasi‐experimental design.MethodsStudents read an informational text in one of two reading conditions: to read for themselves to know more (n = 46; low‐worry condition) or to gain the highest score in a ranking (n = 36; high‐worry condition). Students’ resting HRV was recorded while watching a video of a natural scenario. The executive function of working memory updating was also assessed. After reading, students completed a comprehension task.ResultsFindings revealed the moderating role of HRV in the relationship between induced worry and text comprehension. In the high‐worry condition, students with higher resting HRV performed better than students who read under the same instructions but had lower HRV. In contrast, in the low‐worry condition, students with higher resting HRV showed a lower performance as compared to students with lower HRV. Finally, working memory updating was positively related to text comprehension.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the cognitive component of anxiety, that is, worry, plays a role in performing a fundamental learning activity like text comprehension. The importance of physiological self‐regulation emerges clearly. In a condition of high worry, higher ability to regulate emotions and thoughts acts as a protective factor.
Comorbidities in women living with HIV: A systematic review
Authors: Raffe Sonia , Sabin Caroline , Gilleece Yvonne ,   Women Against Viruses in Europe (WAVE), European AIDS Clinical Society
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesEffective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of women living with HIV (WLWH). This population is now experiencing age‐related comorbidities. This systematic review presents the current understanding of the prevalence and impact of comorbidities in WLWH in the modern ART era.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies (1 January 2010 to 1 September 2020) reporting the prevalence of cardiovascular, bone, renal and neurocognitive disease in WLWH aged > 18 years. Studies were included if at least 100 participants (or > 50%) were female and data analysis included prevalence by sex.ResultsIn all, 3050 articles were identified and screened; 153 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility and 38 were included in the final review. Significant gaps in the literature were identified, notably a lack of data on WLWH aged > 50 years. The data suggest a high burden of cardiovascular, bone, renal and neurocognitive disease in WLWH compared with HIV negative women. Traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, were common and often poorly managed. Generalizability of the results was limited, as many studies were conducted in the USA. Comparisons between WLWH and men with HIV were limited by marked differences in demographic and socioeconomic factors.ConclusionsWomen living with HIV experience a high burden of comorbid disease. Traditional risk factors are common and often poorly managed. This review also highlights the magnitude of differences between women and men living with HIV beyond the pathophysiological. Future research must unpick the complex drivers of morbidity in WLWH, to improve the holistic management of this population.