bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting the cultivation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) to marginal lands: A review
Authors: Blandinières Henri , Amaducci Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMarginal lands are increasingly being considered for cultivating industrial and bioenergy crops to reduce the direct and indirect land‐use changes. This review investigates the feasibility of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation under the biophysical constraints that characterize marginal lands, with the objectives of (i) determining to which extent hemp cultivation can be affected by the considered factors of marginality and (ii) determining the most pertinent adaptations of crop technical management. This work establishes that hemp is a species that can be considered particularly susceptible to adverse conditions, in particular regarding soil characteristics (heavy clay, coarse sand, shallowness) and dry climates. Heavy metals (HMs) contaminations do not appear to severely limit hemp's productivity, with the exception of thallium. The adverse effects of HMs on the profitability of hemp cultivation rather lie in limitations of the potential uses of hemp biomass for several end‐uses applications (e.g., textiles, food) because of the HM contents in the raw materials. On HM polluted soils, a single‐use fiber production destined to high‐added value applications such as bio‐based composites is the most suited production. Under dry climate, hemp productivity might be particularly affected depending on the soil quality and on the severity of the dryness. Hemp can be suited for mountain environments, in which the potential for harvesting the threshing residues as a source for medical application of cannabinoids might provide a supplemental added‐value to the crop. Overall, although hemp has often been considered as able to grow in harsh conditions, this review highlights that care should be given to such statements and hemp appears to be more suited for integrating conventional agro‐systems, in particular considering that it can be considered both as a food and industrial crop.
Using Survey Sampling Algorithms For Exact Inference in Logistic Regression
Authors: Rivest Louis‐Paul , Gaye Serigne Abib 
Published: June 2022

SummarySeveral exact inference procedures for logistic regression require the simulation of a 0‐1 dependent vector according to its conditional distribution, given the sufficient statistics for some nuisance parameters. This is viewed, in this work, as a sampling problem involving a population of
units, unequal selection probabilities and balancing constraints. The basis for this reformulation of exact inference is a proposition deriving the limit, as
goes to infinity, of the conditional distribution of the dependent vector given the logistic regression sufficient statistics. It is proposed to sample from this distribution using the cube sampling algorithm. The interest of this approach to exact inference is illustrated by tackling new problems. First it allows to carry out exact inference with continuous covariates. It is also useful for the investigation of a partial correlation between several 0‐1 vectors. This is illustrated in an example dealing with presence‐absence data in ecology.
Meta‐analysis on the association between the frequency of tooth brushing and hypertension risk
Authors: Zou Li , Zhang Mingye , Fu Wenning , Liu Yifang , Wen Jing , Lu Zuxun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is unclear whether the frequency of tooth brushing affects the risk of hypertension; thus, we conducted the first meta‐analysis to focus on this topic. In this meta‐analysis, we systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to October 2021 to identify eligible studies, while reference lists from retrieved review paper were also reviewed. We then conducted a meta‐analysis of the highest compared with the lowest tooth brushing frequency, along with a dose‐response meta‐analysis, to explore this association. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. We found eight relevant studies, three cohort and five cross‐sectional, involving a total of 274 124 patients. Compared to the highest tooth brushing frequency, the lowest increased the risk of hypertension by 84.0% (OR 1.84; 95% CI, 1.44–2.35). Furthermore, a nonlinear dose‐response relationship was observed (P < .05). The exclusion of any studies did not significantly alter the combined risk estimate, and no publication bias was detected. In conclusions, we report that epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that a lower frequency of tooth brushing is significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension. Preventive interventions, such as adopting a good oral health routine, should be encouraged to maintain good general health.
Asymmetric density‐dependent competition does not contribute to the maintenance of sex in a mixed population of sexual and asexualPotamopyrgus antipodarum
Authors: Dinges Zoe M. , Lively Curtis M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAsexual reproduction is expected to have a twofold reproductive advantage over sexual reproduction, owing to the cost of producing males in sexual subpopulations. The persistence of sexual females, thus, requires an advantage to sexual reproduction, at least periodically. Here, we tested the hypothesis that asexual females are more sensitive to limited resources. Under this idea, fluctuations in the availability of resources (per capita) could periodically favour sexual females when resources become limited. We combined sexual and asexual freshwater snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) together in nylon mesh enclosures at three different densities in an outdoor mesocosm. After 1 month, we counted the brood size of fertile female snails. We found that fecundity declined significantly with increasing density. However, sexual females did not produce more offspring than asexual females at any of the experimental densities. Our results, thus, suggest that the cost of sexual reproduction inP. antipodarumis not ameliorated by periods of intense resource competition.
Competencies of nurse practitioners in family practices: A scoping review
Authors: Schlunegger Margarithe Charlotte , Aeschlimann Simona , Palm Rebecca , Zumstein‐Shaha Maya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and objectiveTo explore the existing literature related to nurse practitioner (NP) competencies in family practices and to examine the evidence and develop a list of competencies.BackgroundThe integration of NPs into the healthcare system is at different stages of progress around the world. Therefore, an overview and clarification of competencies are important to ensure successful implementation of new roles in existing healthcare systems. However, detailed knowledge is lacking about the competencies of NPs in adult care in family practices.Design and methodsWe conducted a scoping review in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. We considered studies published in English, German or French from 1965 to the present. Databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Sources of grey literature that were searched included ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, OpenGrey and websites of national NP organisations. Two reviewers retrieved full‐text studies and extracted data independently. We described the competencies using Hamric's model of advanced practice nursing.ResultsWe included 23 publications. Competencies in direct clinical practice were described most often particularly pertaining to nursing or medical tasks. Indirect care activities were frequently mentioned. Less information was found regarding competencies in leadership, ethical decision‐making and evidence‐based practice. We found elementary and extended competencies required to perform the role in family practices. Depending on the country, the role was either emerging or already well‐established.Conclusions and relevance to clinical practiceThis review provides insight into current knowledge about competencies of NP in family practices. The identified competencies can be used to develop job descriptions or to conceptualise professional development programmes in countries where such roles are just recently emerging. A list of competencies will promote a common understanding of the NP role and to help clarify interprofessional collaboration in clinical practice.
Does Mode of Input Affect How Second Language Learners Create Form–Meaning Connections and Pronounce Second Language Words?
Authors: UCHIHARA TAKUMI , WEBB STUART , SAITO KAZUYA , TROFIMOVICH PAVEL 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examined how mode of input affects the learning of pronunciation and form–meaning connection of second language (L2) words. Seventy‐five Japanese learners of English were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions (reading while listening, reading only, listening only), studied 40 low‐frequency words while viewing their corresponding pictures, and completed a picture‐naming test 3 times (before, immediately, and about 6 days after treatment). The elicited speech samples were assessed for form–meaning connection (spoken form recall) and pronunciation accuracy (accentedness, comprehensibility). Results showed that the reading‐while‐listening group recalled a significantly greater number of spoken word forms than did the listening‐only group. Learners in the reading‐while‐listening and listening‐only modes were judged to be less accented and more comprehensible compared to learners in the reading‐only mode. However, only learners receiving spoken input without orthographic support retained more target‐like (less accented) pronunciation compared to learners receiving only written input. Furthermore, sound–spelling consistency of words significantly moderated the degree to which different learning modes impacted pronunciation learning. Taken together, the findings suggest that simultaneous presentation of written and spoken forms is optimal for the development of form–meaning connection and comprehensibility of novel words but that provision of only spoken input may be beneficial for the attainment of target‐like accent.
Structural and functional leaf diversity lead to variability in photosynthetic capacity across a range of Juglans regia genotypes
Authors: Momayyezi Mina , Rippner Devin A. , Duong Fiona V. , Raja Pranav V. , Brown Patrick J. , Kluepfel Daniel A. , Earles J. Mason , Forrestel Elisabeth J. , Gilbert Matthew E. , McElrone Andrew J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSimilar to other cropping systems, few walnut cultivars are used as scion in commercial production. Germplasm collections can be used to diversify cultivar options and hold potential for improving crop productivity, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In this study, we explored the anatomical and biochemical bases of photosynthetic capacity and response to water stress in 11 Juglans regia accessions in the U.S. department of agriculture, agricultural research service (USDA‐ARS) National Clonal Germplasm. Net assimilation rate (An) differed significantly among accessions and was greater in lower latitudes coincident with higher stomatal and mesophyll conductances, leaf thickness, mesophyll porosity, gas‐phase diffusion, leaf nitrogen and lower leaf mass and stomatal density. High CO2‐saturated assimilation rates led to increases in An under diffusional and biochemical limitations. Greater An was found in lower‐latitude accessions native to climates with more frost‐free days, greater precipitation seasonality and lower temperature seasonality. As expected, water stress consistently impaired photosynthesis with the highest % reductions in lower‐latitude accessions (A3, A5 and A9), which had the highest An under well‐watered conditions. However, An for A3 and A5 remained among the highest under dehydration. J. regia accessions, which have leaf structural traits and biochemistry that enhance photosynthesis, could be used as commercial scions or breeding parents to enhance productivity.
The exogenous GA3 greatly affected the grain‐filling process of semi‐dwarf gene Rht4 in bread wheat
Authors: Lu Qiumei , Lu Shan , Wang Mai , Cui Chunge , Condon Anthony G. , Jatayev Satyvaldy , Chen Liang , Hu Yin‐Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRht4 is characterized as a GA‐responsive dwarf gene in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The responsiveness of Rht4 to exogenous GA3 was characterized in seedlings, but the effects of exogenous GA3 on the important morphological and agronomic traits such as plant height, grain‐filling rate, and yield components are unclear. In this study, the Rht4 responsiveness of exogenous GA3 on these traits was evaluated using the homozygous F4:5 and F5:6 lines derived from a cross between Jinmai47 and Burt ert937 (Rht4 donor). After exogenous GA3 application, the plant height of the dwarf lines was, on average, increased by 17.54%, about 7.92% more than that of the tall lines. Compared with the tall lines, application of exogenous GA3 significantly increased the kernel weight, maximum grain‐filling rate (Gmax), average grain‐filling rate (Gave) and kernel weight increment achieving Gmax (Wmax) in both superior and inferior grains, while the day on which the maximum grain‐filling rate was reached (Tmax) in Rht4 dwarf lines was significantly earlier in the two generations. What is more, the grain number spike−1, grain yield plant−1, and 1000‐kernel weight (TKW) of the dwarf lines notably increased after exogenous GA3‐treatment, while there was no significant change in the tall lines except for TKW. The quality traits of the dwarf lines with GA3‐treatment were greatly improved. Taken together, these results suggested that the application of GA3 could improve the grain‐filling process of Rht4 and compensate for some negative influences, which may provide a reference for its application in wheat breeding and promote the characterization of its regulatory mechanisms.
Pandemic refuges: Lessons from 2 years of COVID‐19
Authors: Baum Seth D. , Adams Vanessa M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper relates evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic to the concept of pandemic refuges, as developed in literature on global catastrophic risk. In this literature, a refuge is a place or facility designed to keep a portion of the population alive during extreme global catastrophes. COVID‐19 is not the most extreme pandemic scenario, but it is nonetheless a very severe global event, and it therefore provides an important source of evidence. Through the first 2 years of the COVID‐19 pandemic, several political jurisdictions have achieved low spread of COVID‐19 via isolation from the rest of the world and can therefore classify as pandemic refuges. Their suppression and elimination of COVID‐19 demonstrates the viability of pandemic refuges as a risk management measure. Whereas prior research emphasizes island nations as pandemic refuges, this paper uses case studies of China and Western Australia to show that other types of jurisdictions can also successfully function as pandemic refuges. The paper also refines the concept of pandemic refuges and discusses implications for future pandemics.
Contacting a public official: Concept and measurement in cross‐national surveys, 1960s–2010s
Authors: Dubrow Joshua K. , Tomescu‐Dubrow Irina , Lavrinenko Olga 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the digital age, contacting a public official is a direct, low‐cost means of influence, but most cross‐national surveys ignore it.ObjectiveWe go in‐depth on “contact” to define it, present how it has appeared in major cross‐national surveys since the 1960s, and how survey respondents might understand it today. We then explore its popularity and determinants in Europe across time.MethodsWe use the Survey Data Recycling project's Cotton File and the European Social Survey (ESS) 2002 and 2018.ResultsOf nine major international survey projects that have this item, only ESS regularly includes it. Across Europe, the popularity of contact did not change much, and the factors that associate with generalized contact in 2002 are the same as in 2018.ConclusionData producers should test the meaning of contact among respondents and differentiate between generalized and particularized forms.
Long‐term follow up of 44 cats undergoing total hip replacement: Cases from a feline hip registry (2010‐2020)
Authors: Rodiño Tilve Verónica , Allaith Sumaya , Girling Sarah , Moores Andrew Phillip , Mulholland Lauren , Morrison Shane , Onyett Jeremy , Maddox Thomas W. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel , Comerford Eithne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report indications, complications, and long‐term outcomes following feline total hip replacement (THR) using a client‐based clinical metrology questionnaire, the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI), and owner satisfaction.Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective cohort study.AnimalsCats (n = 44) that underwent THR (n = 56).MethodsFeline THRs submitted to a registry over a 10‐year period were reviewed. The FMPI and owner satisfaction surveys were used to assess outcome.ResultsForty‐four cats met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 2 years (range: 0.9‐11), and median bodyweight 5 kg (range: 3.3‐7.6). British Shorthair and Domestic Shorthair were the most frequent breeds. Most cats were neutered males (33/44) and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) was the most common surgical indication (34/56). All implants were cemented micro and nano hip implants. Overall complications (11/56) included 9 major complications. The median duration of follow up was 752 days (range: 102‐3089). No association was found between clinical variables and complications. The FMPI score improved from 0.111 (range: 0‐1.222) to 2.111 (range: 0.888‐3.666) postoperatively (P < .001). Owner satisfaction was reported as “very good” in 30/33 cases (90.9%).ConclusionA validated client metrology questionnaire showed clinical improvement in cats following THR. The most common indication for THR in cats was SCFE occurring in young male neutered cats. Complication rates were comparable to previous reports.Clinical significanceTotal hip replacement appears to be a successful surgical treatment for feline hip disease with very good owner satisfaction and acceptable complication rates.
THE EVOLUTION OFHOMO LUDENS: SEXUAL SELECTION AND A THEOLOGY OF PLAY
Authors: Loumagne Ulishney Megan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay argues that reflection on sexual selection can be theologically generative, and that it presents needed counteremphases to some of the discussions about theological anthropology that have been fueled by theological reflection on natural selection. It introduces sexual selection and provides an overview of different approaches to sexual selection found within evolutionary biology today, before transitioning to a reflection on one theologically relevant insight from sexual selection—namely, the importance of play. It argues that the mating and play behaviors of animals reveal the noncompetitive relationship between necessity and gratuity, and thus provide theologians with an example of grace building upon, and not destroying, nature. While play is sometimes depicted in philosophical and theological accounts as the achievement of culture that supersedes the mundane necessities of nature, sexual selection can also help to illuminate the ways in which culture is dependent upon nature, and play is a thoroughly natural phenomenon that provides resources for human cultural elaboration.
Study on Leak Detection Model and Influencing Factors of Vehicle Fuel Evaporation System
Authors: Wu Xudong , He Ren 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The evaporative emission and leak of vehicle fuel cause serious pollution to the environment. In order to find out the main influencing factors of the leak detection process of vehicle fuel evaporation system, the leak process and main influencing factors of vehicle fuel evaporation system were studied by means of simulation calculation and experimental research. The leak detection model of fuel evaporation system was established. The pressure decay process was simulated and calculated by matlab/simulink, and the calculated value was compared with the experimental value. The maximum relative error does not exceed 9.52%, indicating that the established mathematical model of pressure change is in good agreement with the test results, and the established mathematical model has high accuracy. Based on the positive pressure decay method, an experimental bench for leak detection of the fuel evaporation system was built, and the influence of different initial pressures and fuel volumes on the leak detection process of the fuel evaporation system under two leak hole diameters of 1 mm and 0.5 mm was studied. The results show that different initial pressures correspond to different decay rates. The greater the initial pressure is, the higher the pressure decay rate becomes. The higher the pressure decay rate is, the clearer the signal is, which is more conducive to leak detection. The fuel volume has a great influence on the pressure decay process, especially when the fuel volume is 80%, the difference in fuel volume is also 30%, and the pressure difference between 50% and 80% fuel volume is much larger than that between 20% and 50% fuel volume. Therefore, it is more important to select the appropriate range of fuel volume when conducting leak detection of the fuel evaporation system.
Analysis of Life Extension Performance Metrics for Optimal Management of Offshore Wind Assets
Authors: Yeter Baran , Garbatov Yordan , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to develop an optimal life extension management strategy for ageing offshore wind farms. Finding the appropriate performance metric for an operation is essential for a durable, reliable, and profitable offshore wind farm operation. To this end, the key metrics to evaluate the life extension performance of an offshore wind farm are investigated. The mean value and the standard deviation of each performance metric are calculated using a probabilistic techno-economic assessment framework for a single offshore wind asset, which is later extended to evaluate the whole offshore wind farm by the multi-asset portfolio optimization. In this regard, the Markowitz modern portfolio theory is applied to estimate a risk-adjusted return parameter, the Sharpe ratio of the overall portfolio of offshore wind assets. Later on, the key performance metrics are compared to identify the most suitable metrics at different stages of life extension, and a further discussion is given for different offshore wind farm sizes. Moreover, the optimal management strategy, which maximizes the Sharpe ratio of the overall offshore wind farm, is analyzed using one of the key performance metrics under optimistic, moderate, and pessimistic scenarios. Finally, the optimal allocation (portfolio) of offshore wind assets attained based on the mean-variance optimization is presented for the different stages of the life extension of the offshore wind farms accounting for the uncertainty propagation during the life extension.
Impact of Tigecycline on C. difficile Outcomes: Case Series and Propensity-Matched Retrospective Study
Authors: Phillips Emma C. , Warren Cirle A. , Ma Jennie Z. , Madden Gregory R. 
Published: June 2022

This case series and propensity-matched cohort study on the use of tigecycline in
Clostridioides difficile
infection (CDI) evaluated the effect of tigecycline on 30-day mortality. Adjusted for ATLAS Score, hypotension, treatment time period, and serum lactate, tigecycline did not significantly improve 30-day mortality (odds ratio: 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.25–3.12;
P =
0.853).