bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How plants affect amphibian populations
Authors: Burrow Angela , Maerz John 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTDescriptions of amphibian habitat, both aquatic and terrestrial, often include plants as characteristics but seldom is it understood whether and how those plants affect amphibian ecology. Understanding how plants affect amphibian populations is needed to develop strategies to combat declines of some amphibian populations. Using a systematic approach, we reviewed and synthesized available literature on the effects of plants on pond‐breeding amphibians during the aquatic and terrestrial stages of their life cycle. Our review highlights that plant communities can strongly influence the distribution, abundance, and performance of amphibians in multiple direct and indirect ways. We found three broad themes of plants' influence on amphibians: plants can affect amphibians through effects on abiotic conditions including the thermal, hydric, and chemical aspects of an amphibian's environment; plants can have large effects on aquatic life stages through effects on resource quality and abundance; and plants can modify the nature and strength of interspecific interactions between amphibians and other species – notably predators. We synthesized insights gained from the literature to discuss how plant community management fits within efforts to manage amphibian populations and to guide future research efforts. While some topical areas are well researched, we found a general lack of mechanistic and trait‐based work which is needed to advance our understanding of the drivers through which plants influence amphibian ecology. Our literature review reveals the substantial role that plants can have on amphibian ecology and the need for integrating plant and amphibian ecology to improve research and management outcomes for amphibians.
Parents, neighborhoods, and the developing brain
Authors: Hyde Luke W. , Gard Arianna M. , Tomlinson Rachel C. , Suarez Gabriela L. , Westerman Heidi B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough a growing literature has linked extreme psychosocial adversity in early development to brain structure and function, recent studies highlight that differences in socioeconomic resources may also affect brain development. In this article, we describe research linking variation in neighborhood context and parenting practices, two contexts shaped by socioeconomic resources, to neural function and structure, particularly in the corticolimbic circuit that supports socioemotional processing. Key considerations include the nested nature of contexts, the developmental timing of exposures, and the role of resilience. While this area of research may help inform policy, scientists and policymakers must be cautious in their interpretation of disadvantage‐to‐brain research to avoid a deficit‐centered approach. Ultimately, this emerging area of research highlights that common and normative variation in experiences in the home and neighborhood is linked to brain structure and function, which may provide proximal mechanisms to understand how and why socioeconomic resources are related to brain development.
Systematic review of artificial intelligence‐based image diagnosis for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kawamoto Ami , Takenaka Kento , Okamoto Ryuichi , Watanabe Mamoru , Ohtsuka Kazuo 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesDiagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves combining clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, histologic, and radiographic data. Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being developed in various fields of medicine, including IBD. Because a key part in the diagnosis of IBD involves evaluating imaging data, AI is expected to play an important role in this aspect in the coming decades. We conducted a systematic literature review to highlight the current advancement of AI in diagnosing IBD from imaging data.MethodsWe performed an electronic PubMed search of the MEDLINE database for studies up to January 2022 involving IBD and AI. Studies using imaging data as input were included, and nonimaging data were excluded.ResultsA total of 27 studies are reviewed, including 18 studies involving endoscopic images and nine studies involving other imaging data.ConclusionWe highlight in this review the recent advancement of AI in diagnosing IBD from imaging data by summarizing the relevant studies, and discuss the future role of AI in clinical practice.
Dynamic evolutionary history of spiralian‐specific TALE homeobox genes in mollusks
Authors: Morino Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHomeobox genes play essential roles in the early development of many animals. Although the repertoire of most homeobox genes, including three amino acid loop extension (TALE)‐type homeobox genes, is conserved in animals, spiralian‐TALE (SPILE) genes are a notable exception. In this study, SPILE genes were extracted from the genomic data of 22 mollusk species and classified into four clades (‐A/C, ‐B, ‐D, and ‐E) to determine which SPILE genes exhibit dynamic repertoire changes. While SPILE‐D and ‐E duplications were rarely observed, SPILE‐B duplication was observed in the bivalve lineage and SPILE‐A/C duplication was observed in multiple clades. Conversely, most or all SPILE genes were lost in cephalopods and in some gastropod lineages. SPILE gene expression patterns were also analyzed in multiple mollusk species using publicly available RNA‐seq data. The majority of SPILE genes examined, particularly those in the A/C‐ and B‐clades, were specifically expressed during early development, suggesting that most SPILE genes exert specific roles in early development. This comprehensive cataloging and characterization revealed a dynamic evolutionary history, including SPILE‐A/C and ‐B gene duplications and the loss of SPILE genes in several lineages. Furthermore, this study provides a useful resource for studying the molecular mechanism of spiralian early development and the evolution of young and lineage‐specific transcription factors.
Common data elements to standardize genomics studies in cerebral palsy
Authors: Wilson Yana A. , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Ostojic Katarina , Waight Emma , Kruer Michael C. , Fahey Michael C. ,   ICPGC Phenotype Working Group*, Baynam Gareth , Gécz Jozef , Badawi Nadia , McIntyre Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo define clinical common data elements (CDEs) and a mandatory minimum data set (MDS) for genomic studies of cerebral palsy (CP).MethodCandidate data elements were collated following a review of the literature and existing CDEs. An online, three‐round Delphi survey was used to rate each data element as either ‘core’, ‘recommended’, ‘exploratory’, or ‘not required’. Members of the International Cerebral Palsy Genomics Consortium (ICPGC) rated the core CDEs as either mandatory or not, to form the MDS. For both the CDEs and the MDS, a data element was considered to have reached consensus if more than 75% of respondents agreed.ResultsForty‐six individuals from around the world formed the Delphi panel: consumers (n=2), scientists/researchers (n=17), medical (n=19), and allied health professionals (n=8). The CDEs include 107 data elements across six categories: demographics, diagnostics, family history, antenatal and neonatal details, clinical traits, and CP‐specific assessments. Of these, 10 are mandatory, 42 core, 41 recommended, and 14 are exploratory.InterpretationThe ICPGC CDEs provide a foundation for the standardization of phenotype data captured in CP genomic studies and will benefit international collaborations and pooling of data, particularly in rare conditions.What this paper adds

A set of 107 common data elements (CDEs) for genomics studies in cerebral palsy is provided.
The CDEs include standard definitions and data values domains.
The CDEs will facilitate international data sharing, collaboration, and improved clinical interpretation of findings.
Efficacy and safety benefits of iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL or lixisenatide in Asian Pacific people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes on oral agents: The LixiLan‐O‐AP randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Wenying , Dong Xiaolin , Li Qingju , Cheng Zhifeng , Yuan Guoyue , Liu Ming , Xiao Jianzhong , Gu Shenghong , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Chen Lijuan , Ping Lin , Souhami Elisabeth ,   LixiLan‐O‐AP trial investigators
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi with insulin glargine 100 units/mL (iGlar) and lixisenatide (Lixi), in Asian Pacific people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin with or without a second oral antihyperglycaemic drug (OAD).Materials and MethodsLixiLan‐O‐AP (NCT03798054) was a 24‐week multicentre study in adults (n = 878, mean age 56.0 years, mean body mass index 26.0 kg/m2) with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥53 mmol/mol (7%) and ≤97 mmol/mol (11%) on OAD(s), randomized (2:2:1) to open‐label once‐daily iGlarLixi, iGlar or Lixi while on continued metformin ± sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in HbA1c.ResultsAfter 24 weeks, greater reductions in HbA1c from baseline (67 mmol/mol; 8.3%) were seen with iGlarLixi (−21 mmol/mol; −1.9%) compared with iGlar (−16 mmol/mol; −1.4%; P < 0.0001) and Lixi (−10 mmol/mol; −0.9%; P < 0.0001). Greater proportions of participants achieved HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (<7%) with iGlarLixi versus iGlar or Lixi (79%, 60% and 30%, respectively), overall and as composite endpoints including weight and hypoglycaemia. iGlarLixi improved 2‐hour postprandial glucose versus iGlar and Lixi and mitigated the weight gain seen with iGlar (least squares mean difference −1.1 kg; P < 0.0001). Documented ≤3.9 mmol/L (≤70 mg/dL) hypoglycaemia was similar between iGlarLixi and iGlar (both 3.38 events per participant‐year). The incidence rates of nausea and vomiting were lower with iGlarLixi (14% and 6%) than Lixi (21% and 11%).ConclusionsiGlarLixi achieved significant HbA1c reductions, to near‐normoglycaemic levels, compared with iGlar or Lixi, with no meaningful additional risk of hypoglycaemia and mitigated body weight gain versus iGlar, with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events versus Lixi. iGlarLixi with specifically adapted ratios may provide an efficacious and well‐tolerated treatment option for Asian Pacific people with T2D.
Crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct, used as a soil amendment to temporarily immobilise and then release nitrogen
Authors: De Mriganka , Sawyer John E. , McDaniel Marshall D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLoss of nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−–N) from Midwestern U.S. agricultural fields can impair water quality and be an economic loss to farmers. Winter cover crops have shown promise as a remedy, but low adoption illustrates the need for alternatives. Here, we tested whether adding a carbon (C)‐rich soil amendment (i.e., crude glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct) can increase soil microbial biomass (MB) and promote N immobilisation under various conditions and then determined whether and when immobilised N would be released. We conducted a laboratory incubation with a full factorial combination of four glycerol rates (0, +117, +468 and +1872 mg C kg−1 soil), three supplemental NO3−–N rates (0, +10 and +40 mg N kg−1) and two soils (Clarion clay loam and Sparta loamy sand). Soil inorganic N (NH4+–N and NO3−–N) and MB were measured at seven and three time points, respectively, across the 98 days incubation period. Across all treatments, glycerol increased MBN in both short term (7 days; 4%–1137% compared to no glycerol addition) and long term (98 days; 10%–169%) and decreased NO3−–N with increasing rate of glycerol. Adding glycerol caused net N immobilisation of 21%–61% (+117 mg C kg−1 addition) and ~100% (+468 and +1872 mg C kg−1 addition) compared to the control. Some of that immobilised inorganic N was likely released through MB turnover, but timing and rate of release depended on the soil and added N rate. Adding 40 mg N kg−1 with no glycerol showed nearly twice the net N mineralisation rate than with the low or no applied N – providing evidence for soil N priming. Overall, glycerol has the potential for use as a soil amendment to increase MB and temporarily immobilise NO3−–N and then make some of that N crop available through MB turnover.Highlights
Crude glycerol, a biodiesel by‐product, was evaluated as a soil amendment to reduce soil nitrate.
Glycerol strongly increased soil microbial biomass and decreased nitrate under all conditions.
N immobilisation was temporary, and N was mineralised at a lower glycerol rate.
Glycerol rates, N rates and soil type affected N immobilisation‐mineralisation dynamics.
Enhancement pattern of demyelination‐mimicking cerebral B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Guo Zhuoxin , Huang Zhenchao , Hui Dayang , Liu Yuxin , Jiang Yuxuan , Lu Zhengqi , Qiu Wei , Lu Tingting , Qin Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeCentral nervous system (CNS) B‐cell lymphoma‐mimicking demyelinating diseases creates a diagnostic dilemma. This study aimed to determine the specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of CNS B‐cell lymphoma to facilitate the early identification of the disease.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the brain MRI of biopsy‐confirmed CNS B‐cell lymphoma patients. They were initially diagnosed with CNS demyelination, and these images were compared with those of actual patients with demyelinating diseases.ResultsA total of 20 patients with CNS B‐cell lymphoma and 12 patients with demyelination were included in this study. Cohesive enhancement with satellite enhancing foci surrounded by prominent non‐enhancing areas of oedema is the major contrast‐enhancing pattern of lymphoma patients, accounting for 81% (13) of patients with primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This imaging pattern revealed a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 75% for lymphoma in the differential diagnosis between primary DLBCL and demyelinating disease in our cohort. Among these lesions, most of the nodules were located deeply, which yielded a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 69% for primary DLBCL. Enhancement in a single pattern (mainly ring‐like, patchy or punctate; 57%) and no enhancement (30%) were commonly observed in demyelinating lesions, distinct from primary DLBCL (p < 0.05).ConclusionsLesions with cohesive enhancement and satellite foci on T1 contrast‐enhanced imaging could be a specific hallmark of CNS B‐cell lymphoma, suggesting the need to withdraw steroidal therapy and biopsy confirmation.
Multi‐criteria probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy group decision making for supply chain finance credit risk assessments
Authors: Li Ziyang , Zhang Xingyu , Wang Wenju , Li Zhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupply chain finance is important for resolving small and medium‐sized enterprise financing difficulties and optimizing supply chain capital flows. Therefore, supply chain finance credit risk assessments are key financing indicators for decision makers. However, most current supply chain finance credit risk assessment research has been based on traditional and subjective methods and has focused less on the actual decision‐making requirements. The TODIM method in a fuzzy environment has proven to be a useful tool for multi‐criteria decision‐making as it can better reflect the DMs' psychological characteristics. As probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy sets can contain more original evaluation information and more comprehensively reflect the DM uncertainties, this paper first proposes a Hamming distance measure in a probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy environment to compare the relationships between two probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy elements and prove some of the properties. Then, to fully consider the DMs' risk preferences, a model is proposed to evaluate supply chain finance credit risk that extends the TODIM method to a probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy environment based on cumulative prospect theory and the proposed Hamming distance. Finally, using improved credit risk assessment criteria, a practical case from Ping An Bank is given to demonstrate the proposed model's practicality, and a comparison given with the classical TODIM and the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy TODIM method to illustrate the effectiveness of the extended method.
Enhanced anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater in a granular activated carbon amended sequential batch reactor
Authors: Logan Mohanakrishnan , Tan Lea Chua , Nzeteu Corine Orline , Lens Piet N. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of granular activated carbon (GAC) supplementation to enhance anaerobic degradation of dairy wastewater. Two sequential batch reactors (SBRs; 0.8 L working volume), one control and another amended with GAC, were operated at 37°C and 1.5–1.6 m/h upflow velocity for a total of 120 days (four cycles of 30 days each). The methane production at the end of each cycle run increased by about 68%, 503%, 110%, and 125% in the GAC‐amended SBR, compared with the Control SBR. Lipid degradation was faster in the presence of GAC. Conversely, the organic compounds, especially lipids, accumulated in the absence of the conductive material. In addition, a reduction in lag phase duration by 46%–100% was observed at all four cycles in the GAC‐amended SBR. The peak methane yield rate was at least 2 folds higher with GAC addition in all cycles. RNA‐based bacterial analysis revealed enrichment of Synergistes (0.8% to 29.2%) and Geobacter (0.4% to 11.3%) in the GAC‐amended SBR. Methanolinea (85.8%) was the dominant archaea in the biofilm grown on GAC, followed by Methanosaeta (11.3%), at RNA level. Overall, this study revealed that GAC supplementation in anaerobic digesters treating dairy wastewater can promote stable and efficient methane production, accelerate lipid degradation and might promote the activity of electroactive microorganisms.
Characteristics, practices, and outcomes in a Belgian cohort of incident home hemodialysis patients: A 6‐year experience
Authors: Vô Bernard , Anthonissen Blaise , Verger Christian , Jadoul Michel , Morelle Johann , Goffin Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundHome hemodialysis (HHD) remains underused in patients with kidney failure. Current literature on HHD mostly originates from non‐European countries, making generalization difficult. The present study describes patients' profile and practice patterns from a Belgian HHD center, and assesses patient and technique survival and complications associated with HHD.MethodsWe analyzed data from all our incident patients during a 6‐year period. The patient's characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics. Transition to another therapeutic modality, estimated using a risk model with death and transplantation as competing events, episodes of respite cares and hospitalizations, and access complications were analyzed.ResultsEighty patients (mean age: 47 years; male: 64%) met the inclusion criteria. Fifty‐one percent of patients initiated dialysis with a central venous catheter (CVC) and 96% were not assisted. Arterio‐venous fistula (AVF) cannulation was performed using buttonhole technique. Standard‐frequent HD (47%) and short‐frequent low‐flow dialysate HD (34%) were mostly used at HHD initiation. Cumulative incidences of technique failure and death were 15%, 24%, and 32% at 1, 2, and 5 years. Incidence rates for respite dialysis and hospitalizations were 2.39 and 0.54 per patient‐year of HHD. In comparison with AVF, incidence rate ratios of overall access complications and access‐related infections for CVC were 4.3 (95% CI: 3.1–6, p < 0.01) and 4.4 (95% CI: 2.1–10, p < 0.01), respectively. Buttonhole cannulation was complicated by 0.26 (95% CI: 0.15–0.46) infections per 1000 AVF‐days.ConclusionsThis present study provides important information about patient's profile and practice patterns and safety in a cohort of 80 incident Belgian HHD patients, with encouraging techniques and patient survival.
Economic evaluation of expanded hemodialysis with the Theranova 400 dialyzer: A post hoc evaluation of a randomized clinical trial in the United States
Authors: Blackowicz Michael J. , Falzon Luke , Beck Werner , Tran Ha , Weiner Daniel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Theranova 400 is a medium cut‐off dialyzer that allows for superior clearance of larger middle molecules than traditional high‐flux dialyzers. This study evaluates the association of expanded hemodialysis (HDx) using the Theranova dialyzer versus conventional hemodialysis (HD) with a high‐flux dialyzer on hospitalization rates and healthcare costs as compared to conventional HD in a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.MethodsIn a non‐concealed, 24‐week clinical trial, maintenance HD patients were randomized to receive treatment with either Theranova 400 or a similar size high‐flux dialyzer. Hospitalization rate and average length of stay were calculated from trial data. Use of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents and iron were assumed to be equal and therefore excluded from the model. Average cost per inpatient day was obtained from a publicly available published source. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for variability in model inputs.FindingsThere were 86 patients (389 patient‐months) in the Theranova group and 85 patients (366 patient‐months) in the high‐flux HD group. All‐cause hospitalization rate was 45% lower with Theranova compared to high‐flux HD (IRR = 0.55; p = 0.05). Average annual estimated cost of hospitalization was $6098 lower with Theranova compared to high‐flux HD. Compared to high‐flux HD, average annual estimated cost associated with Theranova use was $4772 lower per patient. Hospitalization rate and hospital length of stay were the main drivers of cost.ConclusionsUse of the Theranova dialyzer is associated with lower estimated costs of care among maintenance HD patients, driven by fewer hospitalization events.
Who spends more to combat COVID‐19 social risks and why?
Authors: Noh Hye Sang , Han Seon Hoe , Choi Young Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 has gone beyond a public health crisis and poses a serious threat to people's livelihoods. In response to the growing employment and income crisis, most OECD countries have introduced various policies and programs to alleviate rapidly rising social risks and stabilise people's livelihoods. However, these measures vary, with some governments spending only 1% of GDP in 2020, while others spent more than 10%. We conducted a multiple regression analysis to examine factors associated with the level of additional social spending in 31 OECD countries. The results indicate that lower generosity of unemployment benefits was associated with additional social policy spending. However, contrary to the hypothesis, higher additional spending was found among countries with higher levels of government debt. We ended with policy recommendations.
Ranking firms based on their financial and diversity performance using multiple‐stage unweighted TOPSIS
Authors: Bouslah K. , Liern V. , Ouenniche J. , Pérez‐Gladish B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of the ranking of companies based on their diversity and financial performance. The addressed problem is a multiple criteria decision‐making problem where a composite measure needs to be obtained to rank firms. Taking as a reference the methodological approach followed by Refinitiv in the construction of their Diversity and Inclusion Index, we propose an alternative ranking framework that overcomes some of the problems identified in the methodological approach of Refinitiv. In particular, the proposed method in this work does not require the a priori establishment of a weighting scheme and is able to incorporate the past behavior of the companies in terms of diversity in their workplaces.