bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐temperature synthesis of six‐principal‐component high‐entropy transition‐metal carbide aerogel thermal insulator
Authors: Han Lei , Chen Yu , Zhang Haijun , Li Guangqiang , Jia Quanli , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy transition‐metal (IVB–VIB) carbide (HETMC) ceramics consisting of multiple principal components generally correspond to higher configuration entropy, and exhibit better overall performance. However, they also present certain synthesis challenges, for example, in the synthesis of a three‐dimensional six‐principal‐component HETMC aerogel. In the present work, as an example a novel (Ti0.167Cr0.167V0.167Mo0.167Nb0.167Ta0.167)C aerogel was prepared at a relatively low temperature of 1773 K by an in‐situ carbothermal reduction/partial sintering technique following the successful preparation of (Ti0.2V0.2Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C and (Ti0.2Cr0.2Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C five‐principal‐component HETMC aerogels. The synthesized 6‐HETMC aerogel exhibited a homogeneous microstructure with grain phases and pores of 100–300 nm and 0.2–10 μm, respectively, a density of 0.45 g cm−3, a high porosity and compressive strength of 94.5% and 0.8 MPa, respectively, a low thermal conductivity of 0.128 W (m K)−1 at 298 K, and a good high‐temperature stability at least up to 1673 K in Ar. This research provided a novel strategy for future development of HETMC ceramic aerogels for high‐temperature applications.
Heat treatment to regulate bismuth valence toward enhanced radiation resistance in barium gallo‐germanate glass
Authors: Yan Na , Xiong Puxian , Liu Bingjun , Tian Shuhang , Song Xiangyang , Shi Zhenguo , Xiao Yao , Sun Yongsheng , Wu Minbo , Wei Ben , Tang Guowu , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to the excellent infrared transparency, low phonon energy, and high rare‐earth solubility, germanate laser glass has attracted much attention in mid‐infrared fiber lasers for potential coherent laser radar systems, optical detection, remote sensing, and laser surgery. However, radiation‐induce darkening often occurs in fiber lasers that operate in radiation environment. Here, we report a useful strategy to improve the radiation resistance by adding multivalence Bi ions and discuss its radiation resistance mechanism. In order to study the effect of valence states on the radiation resistance of barium gallo‐germanate glass, we adjust the valence states of Bi ions by heat treatment, the potential mechanism of which is discussed in detail based on the absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectra. The absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and photoluminescence spectra have proved the interconversion of Bi ions between low and high valence, which inhibits the formation of Ge‐related electron center (GEC) and non‐bridging oxygen hole center defects in the irradiation process. In addition, the Bi3+ content increased by heat treatment is beneficial to serve as electron‐trapping centers in γ‐ray irradiation, thus further reducing the formation of GEC. This study provides a simple method to achieve Bi valence regulation, so as to improve the radiation resistance.
Safety of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in Asian type 2 diabetes populations
Authors: Davidson Jaime A , Sukor Norlela , Hew Fen‐Lee , Mohamed Mafauzy , Hussein Zanariah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to increase in many Asian countries, with possible contributing factors, such as younger‐onset disease, diabetes development at lower body mass index, higher visceral fat accumulation and poorer β‐cell function, among Asian populations. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have been shown to confer favorable effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, such as improved glycemic control, weight and blood pressure reduction, and importantly, cardiorenal benefits. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are generally well‐tolerated, and have a well‐defined safety profile based on evidence from numerous clinical trials and post‐marketing pharmacovigilance reporting. To our knowledge, this review is the first to provide a comprehensive coverage of the adverse events of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, as well as their management and counseling aspects for Asian type 2 diabetes mellitus populations.
Updating new invasions: The Australian tortoise beetle Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn, 1897) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Pérez‐Gómez Álvaro , Robla Jairo , Barreda José Manuel , Rodríguez Ginés , Amarillo José Manuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrachymela sloanei (Blackburn, 1897) is a non‐indigenous beetle of the Iberian Peninsula herbivorous of several species of Eucalyptus trees. Since its first detection in Europe in 2014, little information is available about the populations of this beetle in this distribution range. Therefore, a complete chorological update of the Australian tortoise beetle in the Iberian Peninsula is carried out. The ecology, phenology and potential distribution are discussed. Certain features of its morphology are fully illustrated to increase knowledge of this species. Finally, other remarks of interest that could be useful for the future management perspectives of this plague of Eucalyptus in the European continent are commented on briefly.
Applying a Foucauldian lens to the Canadian code of ethics for registered nurses as a discursive mechanism for nurses professional identity
Authors: Purvis Janet K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study examines the Canadian Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses as a discursive mechanism for shaping nurses' professional identity using a Foucauldian lens. Nurses are considered essential in healthcare, yet the nursing profession has struggled to be recognized for its discipline‐specific knowledge and expertise and, as such, has remained the subject of and subject to the dominant discourses within healthcare and society generally. Developing a professional identity in nursing begins after the necessary education and training are achieved and embodies the profession's history, values, code of ethics, and expectations of the profession that distinguish it from other professions. Since nurses' professional identity is shaped through discourse, it raises the question of whether there are spaces to reconceptualize nurses' subject position within health care. Since professional identity is considered the embodiment of knowledge and practice, the code of ethics bears examination both for its effect on nurses' professional identity and as a potential site from which to challenge hegemonic assumptions. This article discusses the concept of professional identity in nursing and its development through the discursive formations in the code of ethics. The sources of power/knowledge are examined as both mechanisms of control and as spaces for change.
Treatment of Delayed Acetabular Fractures by Periacetabular Osteotomy through the Lateral‐Rectus Approach
Authors: Xiang Haibo , Yang Xiaodong , Huang Zhuobin , Xu Wenquan , Chen Yuhui , Li Tao , Huang Hai , Fan Shicai 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThere has been a controversy in the surgical approach for delayed acetabular fracture. The objective of the present study is to investigate the feasibility, surgical techniques, safety, and efficacy of periacetabular osteotomy using the single lateral‐rectus approach (LRA) for the surgical treatment of delayed acetabular fracture.MethodsThe retrospective study included 22 patients (16 males and six females, with an average age of 45 years) with delayed acetabular fractures from June 2012 to June 2019. For all cases, periacetabular osteotomy was performed through the single LRA. Fracture classification, mechanism of injury, associated injury, time to surgery, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and complications were recorded and analyzed. The quality of the reduction was assessed based on Matta radiographic criteria. Potential impact factors affecting the quality of reduction were analyzed. Functional outcome was evaluated at the final follow‐up according to a modified Mere D'Aubigne‐Postel scoring system for each patient.ResultsAll patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The duration of surgery was 140 min on average (110–205 min) and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 1250 ml (500–2100 ml). According to Matta radiographic criteria, the accuracy of reduction was “anatomical” in seven patients, “imperfect” in 11 patients, and “poor” in four patients, with an excellent and good rate of 81.8%. The time to surgery in poor reduction group was significantly longer than anatomical or imperfect reduction group (p < 0.05). All the acetabular fractures united after 8–12 weeks. The average modified Merle D'Aubigne‐Postel score evaluated at the final follow‐up was 14.6 (6–18), and the clinical outcomes were rated as excellent in six patients, good in 10 patients, fair in four patients, and poor in two patients, with an excellent and good rate of 72.7%. There were two cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (9%). No other complication was found for all cases.ConclusionThe LRA is an effective and minimally invasive approach in the treatment of delayed acetabular fractures excluding posterior wall fracture and posterior dislocation.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars for resistance to Fusarium head blight
Authors: Zhang Genyuan , Hu Runyu , Chen Xiangguo , Zhang Fangfang , Li Yujia , Xu Hao , Yu Shinan , Wang Shan , Gao Yan , Li Qiaoyun , Tang Jianwei , Yin Guihong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo identify excellent cultivars resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 104 wheat cultivars were tested by single‐flower inoculation using two prevalent pathogens from 2018 to 2020. Agronomic traits were also investigated. Six FHB‐resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL), Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4, Fhb5, Fhb7 and Qfhb.crc‐2D, have been assessed using previously reported DNA markers. A diagnostic marker has been used for Fhb1, and indicative markers linked to the other QTL were used. Results showed that (i) 12 (11.5%) cultivars were resistant to two pathogens in 3 years; among them, ‘Shengxuan 6’, ‘Wanhongbian 759’, ‘Yunong 903’ and ‘Yunong 901’ had good agronomic traits. (ii) Among cultivars with one resistance QTL, the severities of cultivars carrying Fhb1 and Qfhb.crc‐2D were 2.2 and 2.8, respectively, whereas those of cultivars with Fhb2 or Fhb7 were 3.6. Among cultivars with two resistance QTL, the severities of cultivars with Fhb1 + Fhb4, Fhb1 + Fhb7 and Fhb4 + Fhb5 were 2.2, 3.0 and 3.6, respectively. The severity of five cultivars possessing three or four resistance QTL was below 2.5. Fhb1 and Qfhb.crc‐2D showed better resistance effects than other resistance QTL.
Regulatory intermediaries and value conflicts in policy implementation: Religious organizations and life‐and‐death policies in Belgium
Authors: Ciornei Irina , Euchner Eva‐Maria , Preisner Michalina , Yesil Ilay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article makes important contributions to governance research by studying the implementation of policies with high potential for goal incongruence between intermediaries and regulators. Building on a regulatory intermediation framework and prevailing theories from organizational institutionalism, we propose an original typology that classifies intermediaries' strategies for coping with challenging regulations. Furthermore, we explain the choice of these strategies based on intermediaries' value systems, the degree of interdependency with the regulator, and policy ambiguity. The empirical strategy is based on the case of Catholic, Protestant, and Muslim religious organizations engaged in the implementation of abortion and euthanasia policies in Belgium. These latter constitute a typical case of policy implementation that prompts value conflicts between permissive official regulations and intermediaries' conservative values on life‐and‐death issues.
Procedural fairness facilitates cooperative behavior by enhancing cooperative expectations
Authors: Sun Qian , Molenmaker Welmer E. , Zhang Yikang , Liu Yongfang , van Dijk Eric 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to explore whether and why procedural fairness may promote cooperation. In both experiments, participants first took part in a task in which they were connected to an allocator who then either selected a fair or an unfair procedure for allocating outcomes between them. After this manipulation of procedural fairness, participants performed a second task in which we studied their cooperation in a chicken game. In Experiment 1, participants were informed that their opponent in the chicken game was the same person who had previously selected the fair (vs. unfair) procedure. In Experiment 2, participants learned that their opponent in the chicken game had not been involved in the selection of the prior procedure. Both studies showed that having experienced a fair (vs. unfair) procedure facilitated subsequent cooperation in the chicken game. Mediation analyses suggest that this positive effect was explained by the finding that the prior experience of procedural fairness induced participants to expect higher levels of cooperation from their opponent, even when this opponent was not involved in the prior experience of procedural fairness.
An initial framework for the study of internalized racism and health: Internalized racism as a racism‐induced identity threat response
Authors: James Drexler 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInternalized racism (IR) is sometimes conceptualized as a form of racism, a psychological response to experiencing racism, and/or an external sociocultural process. However, while a growing body of work shows that IR is associated with adverse health among racial minorities, this work is limited in explaining this association. I present an integrated framework using the Stigma‐induced Identity Threat Model and the Minority Stress Theory Model to help better understand the mechanisms through which IR gets both “under the skin” and “into the mind” to impact health. With this integrated framework, I suggest IR is both a source of race‐ and racism‐related stress and a consequence of experiencing racism that increases risk of adverse health directly, and indirectly via psychological, biophysiological, and behavioral stress responses. Primarily, I argue IR is a racism‐induced identity threat response that triggers stress‐related psychological (e.g., hopelessness) and biophysiological (e.g., autonomic nervous system activation) responses, and increases engagement in maladaptive coping behaviors (e.g., drug use). These stress responses then operate as mechanisms through which IR is associated with adverse health. I discuss limitations of this initial framework and IR scholarship, along with directions for future research.
Tuberculosis diagnosis and management in the public versus private sector: a standardised patients study in Mumbai, India
Authors: Daniels Benjamin , Shah Daksha , Kwan Ada T , Das Ranendra , Das Veena , Puri Varsha , Tipre Pranita , Waghmare Upalimitra , Gomare Mangala , Keskar Padmaja , Das Jishnu , Pai Madhukar 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThere are few rigorous studies comparing quality of tuberculosis (TB) care in public versus private sectors.MethodsWe used standardised patients (SPs) to measure technical quality and patient experience in a sample of private and public facilities in Mumbai.ResultsSPs presented a ‘classic, suspected TB’ scenario and a ‘recurrence or drug-resistance’ scenario. In the private sector, SPs completed 643 interactions. In the public sector, 164 interactions. Outcomes included indicators of correct management, medication use and client experience. Public providers used microbiological testing (typically, microscopy) more frequently, in 123 of 164 (75%; 95% CI 68% to 81%) vs 223 of 644 interactions (35%; 95% CI 31% to 38%) in the private sector. Private providers were more likely to order chest X-rays, in 556 of 639 interactions (86%; 95% CI 84% to 89%). According to national TB guidelines, we found higher proportions of correct management in the public sector (75% vs 35%; (adjusted) difference 35 percentage points (pp); 95% CI 25 to 46). If X-rays were considered acceptable for the first case but drug-susceptibility testing was required for the second case, the private sector correctly managed a slightly higher proportion of interactions (67% vs 51%; adjusted difference 16 pp; 95% CI 7 to 25). Broad-spectrum antibiotics were used in 76% (95% CI 66% to 84%) of the interactions in public hospitals, and 61% (95% CI 58% to 65%) in private facilities. Costs in the private clinics averaged rupees INR 512 (95% CI 485 to 539); public facilities charged INR 10. Private providers spent more time with patients (4.4 min vs 2.4 min; adjusted difference 2.0 min; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.9) and asked a greater share of relevant questions (29% vs 43%; adjusted difference 13.7 pp; 95% CI 8.2 to 19.3).ConclusionsWhile the public providers did a better job of adhering to national TB guidelines (especially microbiological testing) and offered less expensive care, private sector providers did better on client experience.
Relationship between job satisfaction, burnout syndrome and depressive symptoms in physicians: a cross-sectional study based on the employment demand–control model using structural equation modelling
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Lázaro-Illatopa Wilder Iván , Castillo-Blanco Ronald , Cabieses Baltica , Blukacz Alice , Bellido-Boza Luciana , Mezones-Holguin Edward 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between job satisfaction, burnout syndrome (BS) and depressive symptoms (DS) based on the job demand–control framework model on a nationally representative sample of physicians working in the Peruvian Health System.SettingWe carried out a secondary data analysis of the National Survey of Satisfaction of Users in Health 2016 in Peru.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur study assessed the development of the predictive model and had two parts: (1) to evaluate the association among the variables based on the job demand–control framework, and (2) to assess the proposed model acceptability using the structural equation modelling approach to estimate goodness-of-fit indices (GOFIs).ParticipantsWe excluded physicians older than 65 years, who did not report income levels or who had missing data related to the workplace. Thus, we analysed 2100 participants.ResultsThe prevalence of DS was 3.3%. Physicians’ work-related illnesses had more probability to result in DS (prevalence ratio=2.23). DS was moderately related to BS dimensions (r>0.50); nevertheless, the relationships between DS and the three job satisfaction scales were weak (r<0.30). The first predictive model based on the variables, DS, BS and job satisfaction, had low GOFIs (comparative fit index (CFI)=0.883; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.125). In a second evaluation, we used models with correlated errors obtaining optimal GOFIs (CFI=0.974; RMSEA=0.060).ConclusionsOur study identified a stable model to explain the relationship between job satisfaction, BS and DS among physicians. The results are consistent with the job demand–control framework. They could be applied to decision-making in occupational contexts in Latin American low/middle-income countries.
Predictive value of tachycardia for mortality in trauma-related haemorrhagic shock: a systematic review and meta-regression
Authors: Jávor Péter , Hanák Lilla , Hegyi Péter , Csonka Endre , Butt Edina , Horváth Tamara , Góg István , Lukacs Anita , Soós Alexandra , Rumbus Zoltán , Pákai Eszter , Toldi János , Hartmann Petra 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesHeart rate (HR) is one of the physiological variables in the early assessment of trauma-related haemorrhagic shock, according to Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS). However, its efficiency as predictor of mortality is contradicted by several studies. Furthermore, the linear association between HR and the severity of shock and blood loss presented by ATLS is doubtful. This systematic review aims to update current knowledge on the role of HR in the initial haemodynamic assessment of patients who had a trauma.DesignThis study is a systematic review and meta-regression that follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations.Data sourcesEMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Web of Science databases were systematically searched through on 1 September 2020.Eligibility criteriaPapers providing early HR and mortality data on bleeding patients who had a trauma were included. Patient cohorts were considered haemorrhagic if the inclusion criteria of the studies contained transfusion and/or positive focused assessment with sonography for trauma and/or postinjury haemodynamical instability and/or abdominal gunshot injury. Studies on burns, traumatic spinal or brain injuries were excluded. Papers published before January 2010 were not considered.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and risk of bias were assessed by two independent investigators. The association between HR and mortality of patients who had a trauma was assessed using meta-regression analysis. As subgroup analysis, meta-regression was performed on patients who received blood products.ResultsFrom a total of 2017 papers, 19 studies met our eligibility criteria. Our primary meta-regression did not find a significant relation (p=0.847) between HR and mortality in patients who had a trauma with haemorrhage. Our subgroup analysis included 10 studies, and it could not reveal a linear association between HR and mortality rate.ConclusionsIn accordance with the literature demonstrating the multiphasic response of HR to bleeding, our study presents the lack of linear association between postinjury HR and mortality. Modifying the pattern of HR derangements in the ATLS shock classification may result in a more precise teaching tool for young clinicians.