bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating indigenous knowledge and rural tourism in Kongthong, the “whistling village” of India
Authors: Dixit Saurabh Kumar , Langstieh Kimberley Camelia S. , Abraham Abijith 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to derive insights from Kongthong village, popularly known as the “whistling village,” a low-key rural tourism destination that has often gone under the radar. As an upcoming rural tourism destination, mothers create a unique tune for their children, ensuring that their identity remains unique. This is because the residents of Kongthong have two names: an official name and another in the form of a whistled tune. The primary objective of this study is to better understand the rural tourism activities at Kongthong and to explore the symbiotic relationship between indigenous cultural practices and holistic development through tourism.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses an ethnographic approach wherein the researchers conducted in-depth interviews and group discussions. The study respondents are the village elders, youth, men and women across different age groups. The various governing bodies act as secondary data sources concerning tourism and development.FindingsThe study observes that rural tourism activities in Kongthong go hand in hand with understanding indigenous knowledge. The governing bodies and the local community are on the right path to achieving potential growth and preserving the village as a holistic rural tourist destination.Originality/valueRural tourism in Kongthong highlights the traditional practices of the Khasi community. Owing to this, Kongthong was nominated for the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) best tourism village by the Government of India as it showcases local culture through social, economic and political elements at the destination that add value to a tourism product.
Clinical features and antimicrobial treatment of skin infections caused by Panton‐Valentine leukocidin‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sugawara‐Mikami Mariko , Kaneko Hiroshi , Sasaki Hiroaki , Sagawa Nobuko , Kambara Takeshi , Nakaminami Hidemasa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSkin infections caused by Panton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL)‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially the USA300 clone, have been increasing in Japan. To prevent an epidemic of PVL‐positive MRSA, rapid diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy are essential. However, the clinical features of, and antimicrobial efficacy against, these skin infections are not well understood in Japan. Here, we report 10 cases of skin infections caused by PVL‐positive MRSA that presented over a two‐year period in our clinic. Genetic analyses revealed that 90% of the PVL‐positive MRSA strains were identified as USA300 and its related clones. Notably, 70% of the patients had atopic dermatitis (AD) as an underlying disease. Average durations of antimicrobial therapy for AD patients (10.6 weeks) were 2.9‐fold longer than those for non‐AD patients (3.7 weeks). However, all cases were improved by a long‐term course of fosfomycin, minocycline, doxycycline, and/or rifampicin. Our data suggest that AD may be an important risk factor for intractable skin infections caused by PVL‐positive MRSA.
A survey on subtypes and clinical characteristics of 1061 patients with urticaria in the primary care institutes in Japan
Authors: Saito Ryo , Takahagi Shunsuke , Nakano Fumi , Furutani Kiyoshi , Mihara Shoji , Numata Tsunemi , Kameyoshi Yoshikazu , Tanaka Toshihiko , Shindo Hajime , Niimi Naomasa , Iwamoto Kazumasa , Hiragun Takaaki , Hiragun Makiko , Tanaka Akio , Hide Michihiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of urticaria has been reported mostly in Europe and North America. However, precise information regarding its subtypes and clinical characteristics in primary care practice, especially in Asian countries, are scant. Patients with urticaria and/or angioedema who visited nine primary clinics of accredited dermatologists and allergologists in Japan were recruited from October to November 2020. The information of age, sex, disease duration, urticaria control test (UCT), and concomitant urticaria subtypes were collected. A total of 1061 patients participated. The number of patients was high in the 20 to 50 age groups with a peak in the 40s. The most frequent urticaria subtype was chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) followed by dermographism, acute spontaneous urticaria (ASU), angioedema, and cholinergic urticaria (CholU) (66.8%, 22.7%, 18.9%, 14.1% and 5.7% in all patients with urticaria). CSU development increased with age from the 20s to 50s, especially in females. Dermographism had a peak in the 40s. ASU had bimodal peaks in childhood and in the 30s. CholU was common in males in the 10–20s. Most angioedema patients were female with an increase in their 30s. Angioedema was solely present in 14 of 1061 participants (1.3%), while 136 (12.8%) had angioedema concomitant with urticaria. UCT showed poorly controlled urticaria with lower scores in patients with concomitant CSU and other subtypes than in those with CSU alone. Urticaria tends to develop in young to middle‐aged females. The most common urticaria subtype is CSU, while the number of patients with CholU is high and that of angioedema is low in Japan.
Low water availability enhances volatile‐mediated direct defences but disturbs indirect defences against herbivores
Authors: Lin Po‐An , Paudel Sulav , Bin Zainuddin Nursyafiqi , Tan Ching‐Wen , Helms Anjel , Ali Jared G. , Felton Gary W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Interactions between plants and natural enemies of insect herbivores influence plant productivity and survival by reducing herbivory. Plants attract natural enemies via herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), but how water availability (WA) influences HIPV‐mediated defences is unclear.

We use tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea and two natural enemies, the parasitoid wasp, Microplitis croceipes and the predator spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris, to investigate the effect of WA on HIPV emission dynamics and associated plant defence.

We show that low WA initially increases total HIPV emission by tomato on the first day of herbivore exposure and, in contrast, reduces HIPV emission on the second day. Low WA enhances HIPVs that are mostly found in tomato trichomes. Notably, some volatiles inhibited by low WA are known attractants of natural enemies. Evidence from Y‐tube and in‐cage behavioural assays indicates that changes in HIPV emissions by low WA compromise the ability of tomato plants to attract natural enemies.

Synthesis. Based on our results, we propose a hypothesis where plants respond to low WA by enhancing repellent HIPV emissions and reducing the emission of HIPVs that attract natural enemies, which disrupts natural enemy‐mediated plant indirect defences, but enhances plant direct defence against herbivores.
Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for drug‐resistant epilepsy: Long‐term efficacy and outcomes from a prospective cohort
Authors: Cheung Eric Y. H. , Lau Claire K. Y. , Leung Howan H. W. , Fung Eva L. W. , Tang Venus Y. H. , Cheung Tom C. Y. , Kwong William K. M. , Zhu Xian Lun , Chan David Y. C. , Chan Danny T. M. , Poon Wai Sang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) has been one of the deep brain stimulation (DBS) targets for drug‐resistant epilepsy. This study aims to investigate the control of seizures among patients with ANT DBS for epilepsy. We have pioneered DBS for epilepsy in Hong Kong since 2015 and this study aims to report the long‐term outcomes from a prospective cohort.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of ANT DBS for adult patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, who are unsuitable for resective epilepsy surgery.ResultsSix patients (3 females and 3 males, mean age 31.3) received bilateral ANT DBS in a tertiary university hospital from 2015 to 2018 (one in 2015, two in 2017 and three in 2018). Both frontal transventricular and parietal approaches were used. The active contacts were selected based on the closest Euclidean distance to the mammillothalamic tract and ANT junction. Five of the six cases (83.3%) achieved greater than 50% reduction in seizures after the operations. The median percentage of reduction in seizures was 58.5% at 3 years after DBS (range, 32.7%–80%). Overall, there was a trend of improving seizure control rate from year 1 to year 6 after the ANT DBS operations.ConclusionsThis is the first report of ANT DBS for drug‐resistant epilepsy in Hong Kong. The results are encouraging. ANT DBS for drug‐resistant epilepsy is effective and sustained in long term. The treatment option of ANT DBS should be considered in suitable candidates with drug‐resistant epilepsy in our locality.
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Phosphorus Loads in the Illinois River Basin, Illinois USA
Authors: McIsaac Gregory F. , Hodson Timothy O. , Markus Momcilo , Bhattarai Rabin , Kim Daniel Chulgi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTTotal phosphorus (TP) loads in many rivers in the north‐central United States have increased, including the Illinois River at Valley City, Illinois, USA, which increased 39% from the periods 1989–1996 to 2015–2019 despite efforts to reduce loads from point and nonpoint sources. Here, we quantify long‐term variations in phosphorus (P) loads in the Illinois River and its tributaries and identify factors that may be causing the variations. We calculated river loads of dissolved (DP) and particulate P (PP), total and volatile suspended solids (TSS and VSS), and other potentially related constituents at 41 locations. DP loads generally increased and PP and TSS loads generally decreased from 1989–1996 to 2015–2019. During 1989–1996, P accumulated in the lower basin between Marseilles and Valley City (excluding monitored tributaries). This portion of the basin is very flat and accumulates sediment. During 2015–2019, this section shifted from being a net sink to being a net source of P, accounting for 78% of the increased TP load at Valley City. We present evidence supporting several mechanisms that could have caused this shift: increased DP and chloride loads, reduced sulfate and nitrate concentrations influencing ionic strength and redox potential in the sediments, and increased VSS loads at Valley City possibly indicating greater algal production and contributing to hypoxia in lower river sediments. Additional research is needed to quantify the relative importance of these mechanisms.
Missed nursing care in the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran
Authors: Hosseini Zeinab , Raisi Leila , Maghari Amir Hossein , Karimollahi Mansoureh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuality of care is one of the most critical issues in nursing care today. Moreover, all health care employees are responsible for providing support and high‐quality, safe care. However, nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients face problems such as unfamiliar work environments, exposure to the disease, lack of experience in their new positions, and close public and media attention. This study aimed to investigate missed nursing care and the reasons for missed nursing care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 135 nurses working in COVID‐19 units. Data were collected using the MISSCARE Survey. The significance level for the statistical tests was set at p < 0.05.ResultsMost of the participants were women and had a bachelor's degree in nursing. There was a lack of supportive and necessary care more than any other form of care. According to nurses, the most common reasons for missed care were urgent patient situations, inadequate staff, and an unexpected rise in patient volume and/or patient acuity on the unit.ConclusionGenerally, the results showed that being positioned in a new situation and unfamiliarity with the disease had a significant impact—among nurses—on the amount of care provided. Managers can use this information to solve existing missed‐nursing‐care problems and contribute to improving the quality of care.These results can be helpful in controlling missed nursing care and finding a more optimal solution for this problem; thus, we can improve the quality of care delivery and increase the satisfaction of nurses and patients. Additionally, an understanding of the kind of missing nursing care during a pandemic can positively enhance the management of similar situations in the future.
Italy: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: RUSSO LUANA , SANDRI GIULIA , SEDDONE ANTONELLA 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Italy, 2021 has been a year marking a turning point in the struggle against the COVID‐19 pandemic, and a time of economic, political and social transition. The country has reaped several important successes, policy‐wise, both with regard to the efficacy of its vaccination campaign and to the drafting of its National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). All this was achieved after a quite troubled start of the year, with the fall of the Conte II government and the arrival in office of the new Prime Minister, Mario Draghi. The effects of the pandemic and the advent of the Draghi government affected both the dynamic of competition in the Italian party system and the intra‐party conflicts. The 2021 round of Italian local elections, involving thousands of municipalities, triggered a surprising victory for the centre left and marked an important shift in the electoral balance of power between Italian parties.
An ensemble learning integration of multiple CNN with improved vision transformer models for pest classification
Authors: Xia Wanshang , Han Dezhi , Li Dun , Wu Zhongdai , Han Bing , Wang Junxiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPests are the main threats to crop growth, and the precision classification of pests is conducive to formulating effective prevention and governance strategies. In response to the problems of low efficiency and inadaptability to the large‐scale environment of existing pest classification methods, this paper proposes a new pest classification method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and an improved Vision Transformer model. First, the MMAlNet is designed to extract the characteristics of the identification object from different scales and finer granularity. Then, a classification model called DenseNet Vision Transformer (DNVT) combining a CNN and an improved vision transformer model is proposed. The proposed DNVT captures both long distance dependencies and local characteristic modelling capabilities, which can effectively improve pest classification accuracy. Finally, the ensemble learning algorithm is used to learn MMAlNet and DNVT classification forecasts for soft voting, further enhancing the classification accuracy of pests. The simulation experiment results on the D0 and IP102 datasets show that the proposed method attained a maximum classification of 99.89 and 74.20%, respectively, which is better than other state‐of‐the‐art methods and has a high practical application value.
Evaluation of Thromboelastography 6s prognostication of fibrinogen supplementation in pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Lindhardt Rasmus Bo , Kronborg Jonas Rønne , Wanscher Michael , Andersen Lars Willy , Gjedsted Jakob , Ravn Hanne Berg 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of point‐of‐care tests is recommended to provide tailored substitution during cardiac surgery. The measurement and substitution of fibrinogen have gained particular interest since it is the first coagulation factor to become depleted during cardiac surgery. However, the prognostic ability of thromboelastography (TEG) 6s has not been evaluated in pediatric patients.The aim of the present study was to describe patient characteristics of infants receiving fibrinogen substitution during cardiac surgery and evaluate the prognostic ability of TEG6s after weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).MethodsInfants undergoing congenital cardiac surgery with CPB were retrospectively included (n = 279) between January 2017 to July 2019. Patient and perioperative data were collected on the day of surgery until 6:00 AM the next morning. Hemostatic capacity was assessed with TEG6s.The efficacy of TEG‐functional fibrinogen‐maximal amplitude (TEG‐FF‐MA) measurements for the prediction of intraoperative bleeding, and thereby cryoprecipitate need, was evaluated by a sensitivity and specificity analysis.ResultsAmong 174 children with TEG‐FF‐MA data, 147 (84%) received cryoprecipitate intraoperatively. Cryoprecipitate administration was associated with younger age 66 (10–132) versus 98 (45–204) days (p = .044), higher RACHS‐1 classification, and intraoperative bleeding 21 (11–47) versus 5 (3–13) ml/kg (p < .001, mean difference 29 ml/kg [CI: 8–50]). Median TEG‐FF‐MA values were lower in transfused children 7.6 (5.3–11.0) versus 10.5 (7.3–13.4) mm (p = .004, mean difference − 2.4 mm [CI: −4.1 to − 0.73]).The volume of cryoprecipitate was associated with bypass time, TEG‐FF‐MA values, and in particular intraoperative bleeding volumes.A TEG‐FF‐MA threshold of 10.0 mm, resulted in sensitivity: 74%, specificity: 56%, positive predictive value: 80%, and a negative predictive value of 47% for the prediction of intraoperative bleeding (>10 ml/kg) and consequently a need of cryoprecipitate transfusion.ConclusionFibrinogen substitution in infants was associated with younger age and higher RACHS‐1 category.The prognostic value of TEG6s was evaluated, and cryoprecipitate transfusion was related to TEG‐FF‐MA values, but also CPB‐time, surgical complexity, and in particular excessive intraoperative bleeding. A clear‐cut threshold for TEG‐FF‐MA is difficult to establish in infants undertaken congenital heart surgery.
Markers of neutrophil mediated inflammation associate with disturbed continuous electroencephalogram after out of hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Pekkarinen Pirkka T. , Carbone Federico , Minetti Silvia , Ramoni Davide , Ristagno Giuseppe , Latini Roberto , Wihersaari Lauri , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Toppila Jussi , Jakkula Pekka , Reinikainen Matti , Montecucco Fabrizio , Skrifvars Markus B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAchieving an acceptable neurological outcome in cardiac arrest survivors remains challenging. Ischemia‐reperfusion injury induces inflammation, which may cause secondary neurological damage. We studied the association of ICU admission levels of inflammatory biomarkers with disturbed 48‐hour continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG), and the association of the daily levels of these markers up to 72 h with poor 6‐month neurological outcome.MethodsThis is an observational, post hoc sub‐study of the COMACARE trial. We measured serum concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), osteopontin (OPN), myeloperoxidase (MPO), resistin, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in 112 unconscious, mechanically ventilated ICU‐treated adult OHCA survivors with initial shockable rhythm. We used grading of 48‐hour cEEG monitoring as a measure for the severity of the early neurological disturbance. We defined 6‐month cerebral performance category (CPC) 1–2 as good and CPC 3–5 as poor long‐term neurological outcome. We compared the prognostic value of biomarkers for 6‐month neurological outcome to neurofilament light (NFL) measured at 48 h.ResultsHigher OPN (p = .03), MPO (p < .01), and resistin (p = .01) concentrations at ICU admission were associated with poor grade 48‐hour cEEG. Higher levels of ICU admission OPN (OR 3.18; 95% CI 1.25–8.11 per ln[ng/ml]) and MPO (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.30–4.21) were independently associated with poor 48‐hour cEEG in a multivariable logistic regression model. Poor 6‐month neurological outcome was more common in the poor cEEG group (63% vs. 19% p < .001, respectively). We found a significant fixed effect of poor 6‐month neurological outcome on concentrations of PCT (F = 7.7, p < .01), hsCRP (F = 4.0, p < .05), and OPN (F = 5.6, p < .05) measured daily from ICU admission to 72 h. However, the biomarkers did not have independent predictive value for poor 6‐month outcome in a multivariable logistic regression model with 48‐hour NFL.ConclusionElevated ICU admission levels of OPN and MPO predicted disturbances in cEEG during the subsequent 48 h after cardiac arrest. Thus, they may provide early information about the risk of secondary neurological damage. However, the studied inflammatory markers had little value for long‐term prognostication compared to 48‐hour NFL.
Attention bias and alcohol craving: Differential effects via biological sex and mood
Authors: Moskal Katie R. , Dvorak Robert D. , Burr Emily K. , El Helou Gaelle , Cora Jessica L. , De Leon Ardhys N. , Leary Angelina V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAttentional bias (AB) has been linked to alcohol use, mood, and alcohol craving, with key differences across different types of mood and biological sex. However, further exploration of the role of AB across these alcohol variables is needed. The current study examined the relationship between mood and AB as predictors of alcohol craving using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Exploratory analysis examined these effects as a function of biological sex.MethodsParticipants (n = 69) from a Midwestern University carried a mobile device for 15 days and provided ratings of momentary mood (positive mood, anxious mood, and sad mood), alcohol craving, and AB. Data were analyzed using a two‐level multilevel regression model, with associations between craving, mood, and AB examined at both the momentary and between‐subjects levels.ResultsAcross assessments, positive and negative moods were positively associated with momentary craving, with AB found to operate differently between men and women. At the within‐subjects level, increases in positive mood among men strengthened the AB‐craving association, while women showed stronger AB‐craving associations when positive mood decreased. At the between‐subjects level, trait‐like sadness led to positive AB‐craving associations for men, however, this was the opposite for women. Similarly, AB‐craving associations were positive and robust for men with trait‐like positive mood but again the opposite was observed for women.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the importance and nuances of biological sex in the context of mood, AB, and craving. Interventions targeting AB and/or emotion regulation may yield different outcomes for men and women.