bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of great artery annulus ratio to predict transannular patch enlargement in repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Samal Satyajit , Sharma Rakesh , Minhas Harpreet Singh , G Girish , Agarwal Saket , Naqvi Sayyed Ehtesham Hussain , Geelani Muhammad Abid 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Traditionally, the pulmonary valve annulus (PVA) z-score is used to predict the requirement of transannular patch enlargement (TAPE) of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and main pulmonary artery (MPA) in repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). PVA z-score is highly variable and many other parameters are being reported to be accurate in predicting need of TAPE. In this study, we analyze the role of great artery annulus ratio (pulmonary valve annulus to aortic valve annulus ratio, PVA/AVA) to be used as a predictor for TAPE.

Methods
We analyzed 90 patients of TOF retrospectively who underwent repair between January 2021 and December 2021. The patients were divided as TAPE group who required TAPE of RVOT and MPA and non-TAPE group who did not have TAPE. Their baseline parameters, PVA Z-score, and cut-off great artery annulus ratio were compared.

Results
Total 44 (48.9%) patients had transannular patch (TAPE) repair and 46 (51.1%) patients had non-transannular patch repair. The great artery annulus ratio and PVA z-score was lower in case of TAPE group with statistical significance. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed great artery annulus ratio as more accurate predictor of TAPE.

Conclusion
Great artery annulus ratio can be used as a simple and accurate predictor for transannular patch enlargement along with PVA z-score during repair of TOF.
Gridiron Capital
Authors: Uperesa Lisa 
Published: September 2022

Since the 1970s, a “Polynesian Pipeline” has brought football players from American Sāmoa to Hawaii and the mainland United States to play at the collegiate and professional levels. In Gridiron Capital Lisa Uperesa charts the cultural and social dynamics that have made football so central to Samoan communities. For Samoan athletes, football is not just an opportunity for upward mobility; it is a way to contribute to, support, and represent their family, village, and nation. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, archival research, and media analysis, Uperesa shows how the Samoan ascendancy in football is underpinned by the legacies of US empire and a set of imperial formations that mark Indigenous Pacific peoples as racialized subjects of US economic aid and development. Samoan players succeed by becoming entrepreneurs: building and commodifying their bodies and brands to enhance their football stock and market value. Uperesa offers insights into the social and physical costs of pursuing a football career, the structures that compel Pacific Islander youth toward athletic labor, and the possibilities for safeguarding their health and wellbeing in the future.
Duke University Press Scholars of Color First Book Award recipient
Construction method of high-horsepower tractor digital twin
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Du Yuefeng , Yang Zihan , Chen Du , Song Zhenghe , Zhu Zhongxiang 
Published: September 2022

Background: Agricultural machinery equipment is the core element of advanced agricultural productivity. The operation system of agricultural machinery equipment involves machine-human-environment-society interactions. Limited by the production mode, operation mode, etc., the design and development, manufacturing, operation and maintenance control, recycling and other links of agricultural machinery equipment are still independent of each other. The massive information in the agricultural production process has not been fully utilized, so there are some outstanding problems such as low operating performance, low production efficiency, and poor integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. Methods: Focusing on the agricultural production process, this paper proposes the construction method for a high-horsepower tractor digital twin, and expounds on its operation mechanism. Taking high-horsepower tractor ploughing operation as an example, by deploying tractors, central servers, and an Internet of Things (IoT) platform, we developed a digital twin service platform for the agricultural production system of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment and built a tractor digital twin to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results: The accuracy rate of the tractor ploughing quality prediction service based on this platform is 96.65%. Under open-loop control, the number of excellent, good, medium and poor sets of the tractor ploughing quality are 153, 955, 1470, and 1422, respectively. After adopting closed-loop control, the number of excellent and good sets increased by 378, and 821, respectively, and the number of medium and poor groups decreases by 119 and 1080, respectively. Through this platform, the operation quality can be effectively and accurately predicted and improved, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed construction method of high-horsepower tractor digital twin. Conclusions: This research provides a method framework for the construction of the digital twin of tractor operation and maintenance control processes, and provides strong support for the vigorous development of intelligent agriculture.
Bridgework: A Model of Brokering Relationships Across Social Boundaries in Organizations
Authors: Johnson Tiffany D. , Joshi Aparna , Kreiner Glen E. 
Published: September 2022

Relationships are central to organizing, work, and organizations. Yet, in many instances, relationships do not build themselves, and third-party actors are often needed to intervene in situations, persuade individuals, and facilitate connections across disconnected actors in organizations. Little is known about the strategies through which third-party actors can broker relationships across what are considered to be intractable social boundaries—membership in stigmatized or nonstigmatized social identity-based groups. We build a process theory of what we call “bridgework,” the strategy used by third-party agents, intermediaries, and allies to bridge by shifting value-related perceptions about actors on the other side of social identity-based divides. More specifically, we focus on a stigmatizing social identity that can create boundaries that are often reinforced through informal network ties. Based on interviews, participatory observation, and archival data with job coaches for adults with autism spectrum disorders and related developmental disabilities, we showcase a model of bridgework—a combination of internal and external strategies across three stages (adding, stabilizing, and maintaining perceptions of value) to facilitate relationships between stigmatized and nonstigmatized members of organizations. We discuss how our grounded model contributes to the rich traditions of research on stigma, brokerage, disability studies, positive relationships, and compassion in organizations. Funding: This project was supported by a Smeal Small Research Grant in Spring 2015.
Non-invasive cardiac output monitoring with electrical velocimetry after cardiac surgery in infants
Authors: Iddawela S , Naseem S , Stickley J , Botha P , Khan NE , Barron DJ , Jones TJ , Drury NE 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Low cardiac output following cardiac surgery is a major determinant of outcome that may be improved by early detection, yet there are no widely accepted methods for its measurement in young children. We evaluated the feasibility of the routine use of electrical velocimetry, a non-invasive technique providing continuous measurement of cardiac output, in infants in the early postoperative period. Methods With ethical approval and parental consent, infants undergoing cardiac surgery were recruited. The ICON electrical velocimetry monitor was attached on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and remained for up to 24h. Results A total of 15 infants were recruited, median age 3 months (interquartile range (IQR) 0.5–7.5) and weight 4.8kg (IQR 3.9–7.1), undergoing various operations. Cardiac index had a weak correlation with arterial lactate (r=−0.24, p=0.02) and no correlation with blood pressure, central venous pressure or arteriovenous oxygen difference. Data were recorded for a median of 19h (range 5–24), with lead detachment or movement artefact the most common causes of data loss. There was marked minute-to-minute variability, with 25% of consecutive measurements having >5% variability. Conclusion Cardiac index measured by electrical velocimetry in infants in the early postoperative period is impaired by frequent data loss and marked intrapatient variability. Our feasibility study suggests that it is unsuitable for use as a routine monitoring tool in the setting of postsurgical ICU care.
Major trauma care at a regional trauma centre during the COVID-19 lockdown in England
Authors: Waseem S , Romann R , Davies BM , Rawal J , Hull P , Carrothers A , Chou D 
Published: September 2022

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the presentation of many medical and surgical conditions, including major trauma. We aimed to assess how lockdown changed the presentation, severity and management of major trauma patients at our level 1 trauma centre in England. Methods Data were collected retrospectively from the Trauma Audit and Research Network’s database between 23 March and 28 April 2020 and compared with the same period in 2019. Collected data included patient demographics, and the mechanism, severity and management of injuries. Results We experienced a 56.4% reduction in major trauma admissions during the lockdown period when compared with 2019. In 2020, more patients arrived in haemodynamic shock (25.3% vs 12.2%, p=0.02); however, Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score were unchanged. A higher proportion of incidents occurred at home (37.2% vs 53.5%, p=0.018), with no difference in trauma secondary to substance abuse or assault. During lockdown, patients had a significantly shorter hospital (17 vs 10 days, p=0.029) and critical care stay (2 vs 1 day, p=0.033). A higher proportion of major trauma patients were assessed by specialty trainees in the emergency department in 2020 (12.8% vs 53.1%, p=0.0001) with a lower proportion assessed by a consultant (69.8% vs 46.7%, p=0.001). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown drastically changed human behaviour, as reflected in the change in presentation of major trauma. Changes in the management of these patients reflect adaptive measures to manage the pressures generated by the worldwide pandemic.
Evaluating the measures in patient-reported outcomes, values and experiences (EMPROVE study): a collaborative audit of PROMs practice in orthopaedic care in the United Kingdom
Authors: Matthews A , Evans JP ,   The National PROMs Network, EMPROVE Collaborative*
Published: September 2022

Introduction All national orthopaedic societies advocate the use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), but clear guidance on their use is limited. We utilised a collaborative methodology to perform a national audit aiming to assess the perceived variability in PROMs practice in orthopaedic surgery in the United Kingdom. Methods A multicentre collaborative audit of practice was performed extracting PROMs data on 21 commonly performed orthopaedic procedures. For each procedure, data were collected for frequency of PROM collection, type of PROM chosen, administration intervals, method and reason for collection. Compliance with national society recommendations was undertaken. Results Sixty-three trusts enrolled to participate in the study with a completion rate of 60% (38 trusts). The most frequently reported PROMs were those associated with best practice tariffs (83.3% and 80.6% for hip and knee replacements, respectively). Outside incentivised programmes we observed a higher rate of variation in PROMs practice which failed to meet our audit standard. Across all procedures evaluated, 69% (221/318) of respondents to the study used paper as the primary method of PROM collection. Conclusions This is the first national audit of PROMs collection in orthopaedics. The integration of PROMs within best practice tariff platforms positively influences the frequency and standardisation of collection. Outside this initiative, PROMS collection is infrequent and highly varied despite the presence of several registries. Because PROMs collection is a recommendation across all procedures using implantable devices, the success of this will depend on the adequacy of funding, resource delivery and the presence of clearer recommendations.
Does titanium cage subsidence affect clinical outcomes in ACDF surgery? A tertiary centre experience
Authors: Milczynska WM , Ahmad A , Ahmed AI , Panchmatia JR , Fakouri B , Liantis P , Panteliadis P 
Published: September 2022

Background Cage subsidence after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery has been well documented with rates of up to 40%. Cages fill the void after cervical discectomy and promote fusion. These materials have different biomechanical profiles with differing rates of subsidence. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine subsidence rates specifically associated with the novel Emerging Implant Technologies (EIT) titanium cage, identify risk factors associated with subsidence, and evaluate whether subsidence affects clinical outcomes. Methods ACDF with insertion of stand-alone EIT cage was performed in 39 patients (64 levels) between December 2016 and February 2019 with a median follow-up of 11 months. Patients were classified into two groups; subsidence and non-subsidence, and were compared in terms of the resultant clinical outcomes as well as presence of risk factors. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain, EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L), EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores. Results Cage subsidence (>3mm) was present in nine patients (23%), which corresponded to ten levels treated (16%). Development of subsidence was not associated with gender (p = 0.12), age (p = 0.27), smoking (p = 0.13), number of treatment levels (p = 0.10) or cage size used (p = 0.34). It had no effect on any of the HRQOL outcomes, namely VAS Neck (p = 0.07), VAS Arms (p = 0.08), EQ-5D-5L (p = 0.36), EQ VAS (p = 0.85) and NDI (p = 0.80). Conclusions The EIT cage seems to be associated with lower rates of subsidence compared with other cage types. Cage subsidence was not associated with HRQOL outcomes or risk factors.
Robotic colectomy with CME versus laparoscopic colon resection with or without CME for colon cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oweira H , Reissfelder C , Elhadedy H , Rahbari N , Mehrabi A , Fattal W , Khan JS , Chaouch MA 
Published: September 2022

Introduction This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to compare the robotic complete mesocolon excision (RCME) to laparoscopic colectomy (LC) with (LCME) or without CME (LC non-CME) in postoperative outcomes, harvested lymph nodes and disease-free survival. Methods We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis according to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR 2 guidelines. Results The literature search yielded seven comparative studies including 677 patients: 269 patients in the RCME group and 408 in the LC group. The pooled analysis concluded to a lower conversion rate in the RCME group (OR=0.17; 95% CI [0.04, 0.74], p=0.02). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of morbidity (OR=1.03; 95% CI [0.70, 1.53], p=0.87), anastomosis leakage (OR=0.83; 95% CI [0.18, 3.72], p=0.81), bleeding (OR=1.90; 95% CI [0.64, 5.58], p=0.25), wound infection (OR=1.37; 95% CI [0.51, 3.68], p=0.53), operative time (mean difference (MD)=36.32; 95% CI [−24.30, 96.93], p=0.24), hospital stay (MD=−0.94; 95% CI [−2.03, 0.15], p=0.09) and disease-free survival (OR=1.29; 95% CI [0.71, 2.35], p=0.41). In the subgroup analysis, the operative time was significantly shorter in the LCME group than RCME group (MD=50.93; 95% CI [40.05, 61.81], p<0.01) and we noticed a greater number of harvested lymph nodes in the RCME group compared with LC non-CME group (MD=8.96; 95% CI [5.98, 11.93], p<0.01). Conclusions The robotic approach for CME ensures a lower conversion rate than the LC. RCME had a longer operative time than the LCME subgroup and a higher number of harvested lymph nodes than the LC non-CME group.
The hidden battles of laparoscopic surgical training
Authors: Said A , Abouelella Y 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Surgical training has always been physically and mentally challenging irrespective of age, sex and body habitus. Having to operate with instruments that are built for different physical characteristics puts additional strains and challenges on trainees. This survey was designed to assess the physical difficulties facing female trainees during their laparoscopic training and to determine whether there is an open culture to discuss those problems with their trainers in order to overcome them. Methods A survey was designed to explore common concerns and issues raised by predominantly female colleagues throughout their training. Female surgical registrars were invited to participate by sending the survey directly to them and by sharing it on social media groups (Facebook and Twitter) that are directed at female surgeons. Results Eighty-five female surgical surgeons at different levels of training and from different subspecialties participated in the survey. A large number of respondents reported facing difficulties during their training secondary to their height or handedness in relation to operating table height, port position and instrument choice (83%, 74% and 68% respectively). Furthermore, 53% attributed a delay in training progression to these problems. Almost half (48%) of the respondents had never discussed these issues with their trainers because they did not want to appear difficult or weak, or because they did not realise that the situation could improve with discussion. Conclusions It is important to establish an open culture. The next step is to learn how to address the issues highlighted in this paper without judgement and how to overcome these challenges.
Meeting in brackets: how mental health policy travels through meetings
Authors: Thunus Sophie 
Published: September 2022

Background:Meetings are essential events for the production of a policy. Yet they are largely taken for granted in policy studies: they are perceived as tools for achieving predefined tasks and used as a means of studying other topics, such as public participation.
Aims and objectives:I aim to study meetings themselves and to develop the concept of meeting in brackets, which helps understand how meetings produce the policy to which they relate. I focus on a Belgian mental health policy supporting a shift from hospital to community mental healthcare.
Methods:Qualitative methods, including direct observation of 77 meetings and interviews, were combined over an eight-year period in order to comprehensively understand the relationship between meetings and policy production.
Findings:The Belgian mental health policy gradually emerged from meetings that took place at international, national and local levels. As a result of references made by the participants to previous meetings or to the resulting documents, these meetings gradually formed a web, outside of which the Belgian mental health policy cannot be understood.
Discussion and conclusions:The concept of meeting in brackets led to define meetings as communicative events framed by decisions about meeting structure, which I call bracketing decisions. These decisions facilitate a form of communication described as reflexive. Reflexive communication in turn leads to a collective creation: a unique vision of the policy under discussion. Such unique visions are gradually assembled as meetings succeed each other, thus forming a web of meetings which is inherent to policy production.
The route to a 200  MHz, all-PM femtosecond Yb-doped fiber laser with a high output coupling ratio
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Zhang Tong , Lv Zhiguo , Zhang Ting , Cheng Haihao , Hu Xiaohong , Pan Ran , Feng Ye , Wang Yishan 
Published: September 2022

Based on the time-independent rate equations and nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we simulate a 200 MHz all-polarization-maintaining (PM) mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser. The cavity round trip evolution toward stable mode locking is present. Additionally, the gain coefficients along the gain fiber as well as the pulses, chirp, and spectra at different locations in the cavity are examined. The effects of chirped fiber Bragg grating parameters on the pulse shape and spectrum profile are also investigated. According to the calculations, we experimentally realize a 200 MHz femtosecond fiber laser with 115 mW output power. The timing jitter and integrated relative intensity noise are measured as 158 fs (1 kHz to 10 MHz) and 0.0513% (1 Hz to 300 kHz), respectively. Eventually, an amplified average power of 610 mW and 79 fs compressed pulses with a peak power of approximately 28 kW are obtained. The exhibited all-PM femtosecond fiber laser system can be adopted as the foundation for an optical frequency comb.
Intraocular vascular analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with vascular paralytic strabismus
Authors: Lee Donghun 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To investigate changes in peripapillary and macular vessel density (VD) in vascular paralytic strabismus using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods
Medical records of patients who recovered from monocular vascular paralytic strabismus were retrospectively analyzed. Age, sex, presence of underlying diseases, strabismus type and severity, time to recovery, and visual acuity at diagnosis were evaluated. VD in the optic disc area and macular capillary plexus density were estimated using OCTA. The effect of paralytic strabismus on intraocular VD was investigated by comparing VD between the paralysis and contralateral eyes. To analyze hemodynamic changes, VD changes in the paralysis eye during the attack and recovery were compared.

Results
Thirty-one patients (mean age, 64.1±13.0 years; 21 males, 10 females) were included and mean recovery time was 3.0±1.6 months. The most common paralysis was sixth nerve palsy (54.8%). When comparing OCTA results between the paralysis and contralateral non-paralysis eyes, foveal VD in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was significantly lower in the paralysis eye (P = 0.034); however, VD in the optic disc area was not different. In the paralysis eye, foveal VD in the SCP significantly increased after paralysis recovery (P = 0.04). During attack, the maximal deviation angle and severity of duction limitation were significantly related to foveal VD in SCP. The greater the deviation angle and the more severe the eye movement restriction, the lower the foveal VD in SCP.

Conclusions
Transient retinal ischemia of the paralysis eye was observed in a patient with paralytic strabismus, which corresponded to the degree of deviation angle and ocular motor restriction. Ischemic factors, which are the etiology of vascular paralytic strabismus, affect intraocular blood flow.