bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of multiple congenital anomalies in the National Birth Defect Prevention Study: Challenges and insights
Authors: Howley Meredith M. , Williford Eva , Agopian A. J. , Lin Angela E. , Botto Lorenzo D. , Cunniff Christopher M. , Romitti Paul A. , Nestoridi Eirini , Browne Marilyn L. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbout 20%–30% of children with birth defects have multiple major birth defects in more than one organ system, often referred to as multiple congenital anomalies (MCAs). Evaluating the patterns of MCAs can provide clues to the underlying causes, pathogenic mechanisms, and developmental pathways. We sought to explore selected patterns of MCAs within the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a population‐based, case–control study that excluded cases attributed to known chromosomal or single‐gene abnormalities.MethodsWe defined MCAs as having two or more NBDPS‐eligible birth defects and calculated the adjusted observed‐to‐expected ratio for all observed MCA patterns using co‐occurring defect analysis.ResultsOf the 50,186 case infants eligible for NBDPS, 2,734 (3.7%) had at least two eligible birth defects. We observed 209 distinct 2‐way combinations of birth defects, 297 distinct 3‐way combinations, 179 distinct 4‐way combinations, and 69 distinct 5‐way combinations. Sacral agenesis had the largest proportion of cases with MCAs (70%), whereas gastroschisis had the lowest (3%). Among the cases with MCAs, 63% had a heart defect, 23% had an oral cleft, and 21% had anorectal atresia/stenosis. Of the patterns with adjusted observed‐to‐expected ratios in the top 20%, most were consistent with the known associations or syndromes, including VATER/VACTERL association and CHARGE syndrome.ConclusionsMost but not all patterns that had the highest adjusted observed‐to‐expected ratios were instances of known syndromes or associations. These findings highlight the importance of considering birth defect combinations that suggest syndromic patterns in the absence of a formal syndromic diagnosis. New approaches for screening for sequences and associations, and VATER/VACTERL in particular, in surveillance systems with limited resources for manual review may be valuable for improving surveillance system quality. The observed MCA patterns within NBDPS may help focus future genetic studies by generating case groups of higher yield.
Tissue‐engineered in vitro modeling of the impact of Schwann cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Louit Aurélie , Beaudet Marie‐Josée , Gros‐Louis François , Berthod François 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). To investigate whether Schwann cells could be involved in the disease pathogenesis, we developed a tissue‐engineered three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro model that combined MNs cocultured with astrocytes and microglia seeded on top of a collagen sponge populated with epineurium fibroblasts to enable 3D axonal migration. C2C12 myoblasts were seeded underneath the sponge in the presence or absence of Schwann cells. To reproduce an ALS cellular microenvironment, MNs, astrocytes, and microglia were extracted from SOD1G93A mice recapitulating many aspects of the human disease. This 3D ALS in vitro model was compared with a 3D control made of cells isolated from SOD1WT mice. We showed that normal Schwann cells strongly enhanced MN axonal migration in the 3D control model but had no effect in the ALS model. However, ALS‐derived Schwann cells isolated from SOD1G93A mice failed to significantly improve axonal migration in both models. These results suggest that a cell therapy using healthy Schwann cells may not be effective in promoting axonal regeneration in ALS. In addition, this 3D ALS model could be used to study the impact of other cell types on ALS by various combinations of normal and diseased cells.
Design of Ru‐aqua complex possessing potential inversion behavior
Authors: Jeon Dohoon , Kang Youn K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe attempted to design Ru‐aqua complexes that possess potential inversion behavior for sequential proton‐coupled oxidation (PCO) reactions. Standard reduction potentials for [RuIII(T)(B)(OH)]m+ + H+ + e− → [RuII(T)(B)(H2O)]m+ (E°(RuIII/II)), [RuIV(T)(B)(O)]m+ + H+ + e− → [RuIII(T)(B)(OH)]m+ (E°[RuIV/III]) reactions as well as ΔE° values (ΔE° = E°(RuIII/II) − E°(RuIV/III)) of newly designed 41 Ru‐aqua complexes along with those of previously reported 13 known ones were calculated using the DFT method with PBE1PBE/def2SVP/SDD combination. Four complexes with negative ΔE° values and nine complexes with ΔE° values smaller than 0.1 V were found by this screening work. The calculated ΔE° values had a close relationship with E°(RuIII/II). Complexes possessing large ΔE° values showed relatively small E°(RuIII/II) that gave rise to the increased gap with E°(RuIV/III). It was found that the distortion of electronic structures during progressing two PCO reactions is mostly responsible for the potential inversion.
Outcomes following radical prostatectomy or external beam radiation for veterans with Gleason 9 and 10 prostate cancer
Authors: Chao Hann‐Hsiang , Soni Payal D. , Dahman Bassam , Stilianoudakis Spiro C. , Ford Hampton , Singh Raj , Freedland Stephen J. , Moghanaki Drew , Vapiwala Neha , Chang Michael G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal upfront treatment modality for patients with nonmetastatic Gleason Score 9 and 10 prostate cancer (GS 9–10 PCa) is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) with GS 9–10 PCa treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiation therapy with androgen deprivation therapy (EBRT+ADT) from 1/2000 to 12/2010. Outcomes included overall survival (OS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and salvage/adjuvant therapy‐free survival (SAFS), as assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsWe identified 1220 veterans with GS 9–10 PCa; 335 were treated with RP, and 885 were treated with EBRT+ADT. With a median follow‐up of 9.9 years, propensity score‐matched analyses demonstrated that RP had superior 10‐year OS (70.8% [RP] vs. 61.2% [EBRT+ADT], p < 0.001), 10‐year DMFS rates were similar between RP (76.7%) and EBRT+ADT (81.0%), and 10‐year SAFS rates were lower for RP vs EBRT + ADT (35.2% [RP] vs. 75.2% [EBRT+ADT], p < 0.001). The receipt of salvage ADT was higher with upfront RP (51.9% vs. 26.1%, p < 0.001), despite receipt of adjuvant/salvage EBRT in 41.8% of RP patients. Among patients treated with RP, there were no differences in outcomes by race. However, higher survival rates were noted among Black patients treated with EBRT+ADT compared with White patients.ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrated higher 10‐year OS rates among men treated with upfront RP versus EBRT+ADT, though missing confounders and similar DMFS rates suggest the long‐term cause‐specific OS rates may be similar. We also highlight real‐world outcomes of a diverse patient population in the VHA and improved outcomes for Black patients receiving EBRT+ADT.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with prior chest radiation undergoing TAVR: Observations from PARTNER‐2
Authors: Mohanty Bibhu D. , Coylewright Megan , Sequeira Ashton R. , Shin Doosup , Liu Yangbo , Li Ditian , Fradley Michael , Alu Maria C. , Mack Michael J. , Kapadia Samir R. , Kodali Susheel , Thourani Vinod H. , Makkar Raj R. , Leon Martin B. , Malenka David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to investigate the viability of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with prior chest radiation therapy (cXRT).BackgroundSince patients with prior cXRT perform poorly with surgical aortic valve replacement, TAVR can be a viable alternative. However, clinical outcomes after TAVR in this patient population have not been well studied.MethodsFrom the pooled registry of the placement of aortic transcatheter valves II trial, we identified patients with and without prior cXRT who underwent TAVR (n = 64 and 3923, respectively). The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause death and any stroke at 2 years. Time to event analyses were shown as Kaplan–Meier event rates and compared by log‐rank testing. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated and compared by Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the primary outcome between the patients with and without prior cXRT (30.7% vs. 27.0%; p = 0.75; HR, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.77). Rates of myocardial infarction, vascular complications, acute kidney injury, or new pacemaker implant after TAVR were not statistically different between the two groups. The rate of immediate reintervention with a second valve for aortic regurgitation after TAVR was higher among the patients with prior cXRT. However, no further difference was observed during 2 years follow‐up after discharge from the index‐procedure hospitalization.ConclusionsTAVR is a viable alternative for severe symptomatic AS in patients who had cXRT in the past.
Rare case of simultaneous cerebral artery and venous sinus thrombosis in the setting of elevated factor VIII and combined oral contraceptive pills
Authors: Sabry Safan Abeer , Hamid Omnia A , Al‐Mashdali Abdulrahman , AlSaud Arwa , Al‐Shokri Shaikha , Hamad Abdelrahman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a rare case of combined cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and ischemic stroke in a 35‐year‐old female on combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) with persistently elevated factor VIII, presenting with headache and sudden onset vertigo, found to have extensive cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and PICA territory ischemic infarct.
Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Ultrathin Nanobowl‐Shaped N‐doped Carbon for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Hao , Hu Linyu , Cai Wenjun , Feng Xiao , Zhang Fang , Shao Ruiwen , Wang Lu , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo eliminate the concerns about fuel cell aroused by the scarcity of Pt and the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), shortening the pathway of mass transfer and optimizing the utilization of Pt are two effective ways. Herein, we report a facile strategy to efficiently anchor ultrafine Pt nanoparticles on ultrathin nanobowl‐shaped N‐doped carbon (Pt NP@BNC). Ultrathin layers of a two‐dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) were synthesized as the support via a hard‐template strategy and Pt precursors were homogeneously dispersed in the COF via a gas‐phase diffusion method. Then the composite was pyrolyzed and converted into ultrathin nanobowl‐shaped N‐doped carbon (ca. 6 nm) embedded with ultrafine Pt NPs (ca. 3.28±0.7 nm). Compared with the catalyst obtained from the bulk COF, Pt NP@BNC achieved significantly elevated activity towards ORR. This work may pave a new way for the design and synthesis of novel ORR catalysts with high efficiency.
Die komplexe Porenarchitektur des Zeoliths NaY
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Buhl Josef Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDie Zeolithe NaX und NaY besitzen ein Mikroporensystem mit Zutrittsöffnungen von 0,74 nm. In der dealuminierten Form des NaY (DAY) liegen auch Mesoporen vor. NaX und NaY dienen der Aufbereitung von Molekülgemischen, wie Trocknung von Gasen und Dämpfen und zur Stofftrennung. DAY wird als Crack‐Katalysator eingesetzt. Neben der Einlagerung passender Moleküle in die Mikro‐ und Mesoporen können aber auch größere Moleküle adsorbiert werden. Die Einlagerung erfolgt dabei jedoch nur in mikroskopische Strukturdefekte der einzelnen Kristalle und in makroskopische Hohlräume von Kristallverwachsungen.
PROTOCOL: Mobile apps to reduce depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Magwood Olivia , Saad Ammar , Ranger Dominique , Volpini Kate , Rukikamirera Franklin , Haridas Rinila , Sayfi Shahab , Alexander Jeremie , Tan Yvonne , Petkovic Jennifer , Pottie Kevin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth doubled in the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic has created sustained disruption in society, schools, and universities, including increasing poverty and discrimination. Public health restrictions have caused isolation and reduced social and emotional support. Together, these factors make depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth a global public health emergency. Mobile applications (apps) have emerged as potentially scalable intervention to reduce depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth that could meet increased demands for mental health resources. Mobile apps may potentially reduce psychological distress with accessible technology‐based mental health resources.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to assess the effect of mobile apps on depressive symptoms and alcohol use in youth.Search MethodsWe will develop a systematic search strategy in collaboration with an experienced librarian. We will search a series of databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL) from January 2008 to July 2021.Selection CriteriaFollowing the PRISMA reporting guidelines for systematic reviews, two independent reviewers will identify eligible studies: randomized controlled trials on mobile apps for the management of depressive disorders (depression and anxiety) and alcohol use in youth aged 15–24 years of age.Data Collection and AnalysisEligible studies will be assessed for risk of bias, and outcomes pooled, when appropriate, for meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity, if present, will be examined for gender. ethnicity, and socioeconomic status contributions. A narrative synthesis will highlight similarities and differences between the included studies. We will report GRADE summary of finding tables.
Recent insights into the relative timing of myosin's powerstroke and release of phosphate
Authors: Debold Edward P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyosin is a motor enzyme that converts the chemical energy in ATP into mechanical work to drive a myriad of intracellular processes, from muscle contraction to vesicular transport. Key steps in the transduction of energy are the force‐generating powerstroke, and the release of phosphate (Pi) from the nucleotide‐binding site. Both events occur rapidly after binding to actin, making it difficult to determine which event occurs first. Early efforts suggested that these events occur simultaneously; however, recent findings indicate that they are separate and distinct events that occur at different rates. High‐resolution crystal structures of myosin captured in intermediate states of the ATPase cycle suggest that when Pi is in the active site it prevents the powerstroke from occurring, leading to the hypothesis that Pi‐release precedes the powerstroke. However, advances in functional assays, enabling sub‐millisecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution, are challenging this hypothesis. For example, Föster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based assays, as well as single molecule laser trap assays, suggest the opposite; that the powerstroke occurs prior to the release of Pi from myosin's active site. This review provides some historical context and then highlights recent reports that reveal exciting new insight into this fundamental mechanism of energy transduction by this prototypical motor enzyme.
Intelligent recommender system based on quantum clustering and matrix completion
Authors: Ouedrhiri Oumayma , Banouar Oumayma , El Hadaj Salah , Raghay Said 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFaster than classical algorithms, quantum algorithms benefit from the superposition property of quantum information to offer significant speedup to complex algorithms. Therefore, quantum computing can be used to help machine learning algorithms by boosting their performance and accelerate the processing of time‐consuming ones. Clustering algorithms are very complex unsupervised learning algorithms. Indeed, the similarity calculation (distance) between input vectors is a resource‐consuming step, especially when working with large datasets. In this article, we propose a new better‐performing recommender system that operates as a combination of an adapted quantum K‐means algorithm and the singular value decomposition (SVT) algorithm. We integrate the developed quantum clustering algorithm to a prediction process of the proposed recommender system using matrix completion. To the best of our knowledge, no system with such details was proposed in the literature. The system was applied on the MovieLens dataset without a dimensionality reduction step and evaluated according to measures of information retrieval systems. The results of the quantum K‐means algorithm show that the quantum version leads to a logarithmic reduction of the time complexity compared to the classical algorithm. The proposed system has proved to be better than the previous tested ones in terms of precision and recall.
Unraveling the Origin of Symmetry Breaking in H2O@C60 Endofullerene Through Quantum Computations
Authors: Carrillo‐Bohórquez Orlando , Valdés Álvaro , Prosmiti Rita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe explore the origin of the anomalous splitting of the 101 levels reported experimentally for the H2O@C60 endofullerene, in order to give some insight about the physical interpretations of the symmetry breaking observed. We performed fully‐coupled quantum computations within the multiconfiguration time‐dependent Hartree approach employing a rigorous procedure to handle such computationally challenging problems. We introduce two competing physical models, and discuss the observed unconventional quantum patterns in terms of anisotropy in the interfullerene interactions, caused by the change in the off‐center position of the encapsulated water molecules inside the cage or the uniaxial C60‐cage distortion, arising from noncovalent bonding upon water's encapsulation, or exohedral fullerene perturbations. Our results show that both scenarios could reproduce the experimentally observed rotational degeneracy pattern, although quantitative agreement with the available experimental rotational levels splitting value has been achieved by the model that considers an uniaxial elongation of the C60‐cage. Such finding supports that the observed symmetry breaking could be mainly caused by the distortion of the fullerene cage. However, as nuclear quantum treatments rely on the underlying interactions, a decisive conclusion hinges on the availability of their improved description, taken into account both endofullerene and exohedral environments, from forthcoming highly demanding electronic structure many‐body interaction studies.
A Heuristic Approach to Linking Experimental Descriptors with Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO2Reduction
Authors: Raman Ganesan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn important challenge in electrochemical CO2reduction (ECR) is relating experimental conditions to their consequences, particularly in terms of product selectivity. The problem lies in the lack of descriptors which adequately describe the experimental protocols and their associated results. In this study, a machine learning approach is applied to correlate the molar composition of 21 single metals and 23 bimetallic particles, as well as operating parameters, from a large collection of synthetic records compiled from the literature with product selectivity. The decision tree obtained shows the conditions that lead to high desired product selectivity and provides a heuristic insight into its electrochemistry. As such, the data does not provide details. However, machine learning algorithms are capable of identifying hidden patterns in the data, providing a deeper insight into the chemistry involved in product formation in the ECR.
Description of the cross‐cultural process adopted in the STRiDE (STrengthening Responses to dementia in DEveloping countries) program: A methodological overview
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Jacobs Roxanne , Sani Tara Puspitarini , Schneider Marguerite , Theresia Imelda , Turana Yuda , Fitri Fasihah Irfani , Albanese Emiliano , Lorenz‐Dant Klara , Docrat Sumaiyah , Toit Petra Du , Ferri Cleusa P. , Govia Ishtar , Comas‐Herrera Adelina , Ibnidris Aliaa , Knapp Martin , Banerjee Sube 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCross‐cultural adaptation is an important part of using validated questionnaires across countries and settings. Here we describe the cross‐cultural process adopted in the STRiDE (STrengthening Responses to dementia in DEveloping countries) program.We adopted a cross‐cultural adaptation process including forward translation, back translations, and cognitive interviews of the STRiDE toolkit. In total, 50 older adults and 41 carers across sites in Indonesia and South Africa participated in cognitive interviews; field notes and verbatim quotes are reported.We describe the cross‐cultural adaptation process of the STRiDE toolkit. During the process, issues were identified with the translated toolkit, including aspects related to cultural appropriateness, terminology equivalence, and timings.The data demonstrate that a rigorous, yet pragmatic, cross‐cultural adaptation process can be achieved even with limited resources. Our process should help the design and conduct of future dementia research in various contexts.
Validation and measurement invariance of the Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test among Brazilian men and women
Authors: de Carvalho Pedro Henrique Berbert , Bagolin Vitoria , Junqueira Alessandra Costa Pereira , Nagata Jason M. , Cattle Chloe J. , Murray Stuart B. , Compte Emilio J. , Costa Telma Maria Braga , Almeida Sebastião Sousa , Laus Maria Fernanda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a 15‐item unidimensional scale, designed to assess eating practices that occur in the pursuit of a muscular body. The aim of the present study was to describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the MOET to Brazilian Portuguese, to explore its factor structure and measurement invariance, and to evaluate its internal consistency, three‐week test–retest reliability, and convergent validity in a community sample of Brazilian men and women.MethodAfter the back‐translation procedure, the Brazilian MOET was administered online to a sample of 1246 adults (634 men and 612 women), along with measures of drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating behaviors, and exercise dependence.ResultsFindings from an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one‐factor structure and adequate internal consistency for men (ω = 0.86; α = 0.86) and women (ω = .84; α = .83). Measurement invariance across gender was supported. In addition, the scale demonstrated good three week test–retest reliability for both men (ICC = .96; p < .001) and women (ICC = .92; p < .001), and the subscales revealed moderate to large associations with drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating, and exercise dependence.ConclusionThis study supports the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women and represents an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults, allowing for future cross‐cultural studies in this field.Public SignificanceThe Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating, which assess strict adherence to diet rules, including the food's macronutrient content, regulation of protein intake, and eating less or more to influence muscle gain. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Our findings represent an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults.