bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of spontaneous intracranial hypotension on social life and health-related quality of life
Authors: Jesse Christopher Marvin , Häni Levin , Fung Christian , Ulrich Christian Thomas , Schär Ralph T. , Dobrocky Tomas , Piechowiak Eike Immo , Goldberg Johannes , Schankin Christoph , Sintonen Harri , Beck Jürgen , Raabe Andreas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), which is often caused by a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak, is an important cause of disabling headaches. Many patients report devastating changes in their quality of life because of their symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of SIH on patients’ social/ working life and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods
We included consecutive patients with proven SIH treated at our institution from January 2013 to May 2020. Patients were contacted and asked to complete the 15D questionnaire for the collection of HRQoL data and to provide additional information on their social life status.

Results
Of 112 patients, 79 (70.5%) returned the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. Of those, 69 were treated surgically (87.3%), and 10 were managed non-operatively (12.7%). Twenty-five (31.6%) patients reported a severe impact on their partnership, 32 (41.5%) reported a moderate or severe impact on their social life. Forty (54.8%) patients reported sick leave for more than 3 months. The mean 15D score was 0.890 (± 0.114) and significantly impaired compared to an age- and sex-matched general population (p = 0.001), despite treatment. Patients with residual SIH-symptoms (36, 45.6%) had significantly impaired HRQoL compared to those without any residual symptoms (41, 51.9%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
SIH had a notable impact on the patients’ social life and HRQoL. It caused long periods of incapacity for work, and is therefore, associated with high economic costs. Although all patients were appropriately treated, reduced HRQoL persisted after treatment, underlining the chronic character of this disease.
Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Meuffels Stephanie A. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie , Tjoa Stephen T. H. , Bonifacio Clarissa C. , Carvajal Monroy Paola L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need among children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) referred for orthodontic treatment by quantifying the Discrepancy Index (DI) and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).

Materials and methods
Dental records of 48 ASD and 49 non-ASD consecutive patients aged between 9 and 18 years (median age 13.0 years) referred for orthodontic treatment were reviewed and compared. The Discrepancy Index (DI) was quantified to determine the malocclusion complexity, and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), including the Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) and Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC), was quantified to determine the orthodontic treatment need. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney U tests, and several univariate and multivariate regression analyses. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
The results show that both malocclusion complexity (DI, p = 0.0010) and orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC, p = 0.0025; IOTN-AC p = 0.0009) were significantly higher in children with ASD. Furthermore, children with ASD had a higher prevalence of increased overjet (p = .0016) and overbite (p = .031).

Conclusions
Malocclusion complexity and orthodontic treatment need are statistically significantly higher among children with ASD than children without ASD, independent of age and sex.

Clinical relevance
Children with autism may benefit from visits to a dental specialist (orthodontist) to prevent, to some extent, developing malocclusions from an early age.
High-order interpolatory Serendipity Virtual Element Method for semilinear parabolic problems
Authors: Gómez Sergio A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present an efficient method for the numerical approximation of a general class of two dimensional semilinear parabolic problems on polygonal meshes. The proposed approach takes advantage of the properties of the serendipity version of the Virtual Element Method, which not only reduces the number of degrees of freedom compared to the original Virtual Element Method, but also allows for the introduction of an approximation of the nonlinear term that is computable from the degrees of freedom of the discrete solution with a low computational cost, thus significantly improving the efficiency of the method. An error analysis for the semi-discrete formulation is carried out, and an optimal estimate for the error in the $$L_2$$

L
2

-norm is obtained. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method when combined with a second order Strang operator splitting time discretization is illustrated in our numerical experiments, with approximations up to order 6.
Impact of ventricular arrhythmia management on suboptimal biventricular pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: van den Bruck Jan-Hendrik , Middeldorp Melissa , Sultan Arian , Scheurlen Cornelia , Seuthe Katharina , Wörmann Jonas , Filipovic Karlo , Kadhim Kadhim , Sanders Prashanthan , Steven Daniel , Lüker Jakob 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Reduced biventricular pacing (BiVP) is a common phenomenon in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with impact on CRT-response and patients’ prognosis. Data on treatment strategies for patients with ventricular arrhythmia and BiVP reduction is sparse. We sought to assess the effects of ventricular arrhythmia treatment on BiVP.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis, the data of CRT patients with a reduced BiVP ≤ 97% due to ventricular arrhythmia were analyzed. Catheter ablation or intensified medical therapy was performed to optimize BiVP.

Results
We included 64 consecutive patients (73 ± 10 years, 89% male, LVEF 30 ± 7%). Of those, 22/64 patients (34%) underwent ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and 15/64 patients (23%) underwent ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation while 27/64 patients (42%) received intensified medical treatment. Baseline BiVP was 88.1% ± 10.9%. An overall increase in BiVP percentage points of 8.8% (range − 5 to + 47.6%) at 6-month follow-up was achieved. No changes in left ventricular function were observed but improvement in BiVP led to an improvement in NYHA class in 24/64 patients (38%). PVC ablation led to a significantly better improvement in BiVP [9.9% (range 4 to 22%) vs. 3.2% (range − 5 to + 10.7%); p =  < 0.001] and NYHA class (12/22 patients vs. 4/27 patients; p = 0.003) than intensified medical therapy. All patients with VT and reduced BiVP underwent VT ablation with an increase of BiVP of 16.3 ± 13.4%.

Conclusion
In this evaluation of ventricular arrhythmia treatment aiming for CRT optimization, both medical therapy and catheter ablation were shown to be effective. Compared to medical therapy, a higher increase in BiVP was observed after PVC ablation, and more patients improved in NYHA class.

Clinical Trial Registration
The study was registered at clinical trials.org in August 2019: NCT04065893.
Controllable Si oxidation mediated by annealing temperature and atmosphere
Authors: Li Feitao , Wang Dong , Klingenhof Malte , Flock Dominik , Wang Honglei , Strasser Peter , Schaaf Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe morphology evolution by thermal annealing induced dewetting of gold (Au) thin films on silicon (Si) substrates with a native oxide layer and its dependences on annealing temperature and atmosphere are investigated. Both dewetting degree of thin film and Au/Si interdiffusion extent are enhanced with the annealing temperature. Au/Si interdiffusion can be observed beyond 800 °C and Au–Si droplets form in both argon and oxygen (Ar + O2) and argon and hydrogen (Ar + H2) environments. In Ar + O2 case, the passive oxidation (Si + O2 → SiO2) of diffused Si happens and thick silicon oxide (SiOx) covering layers are formed. A high temperature of 1050 °C can even activate the outward growth of free-standing SiOx nanowires from droplets. Similarly, annealing at 800 °C under Ar + H2 situation also enables the slight Si passive oxidation, resulting in the formation of stripe-like SiOx areas. However, higher temperatures of 950–1050 °C in Ar + H2 environment initiate both the SiOx decomposition and the Si active oxidation (2Si + O2 → 2SiO(g)), and the formation of solid SiOx is absent, leading to the only formation of isolated Au–Si droplets at elevated temperatures and droplets evolve to particles presenting two contrasts due to the Au/Si phase separation upon cooling.
Enhancing vibration mitigation in a Jeffcott rotor with active magnetic bearings through parametric excitation
Authors: Kraus Zacharias , Karev Artem , Hagedorn Peter , Dohnal Fadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn previous studies of linear rotary systems with active magnetic bearings, parametric excitation was introduced as an open-loop control strategy. The parametric excitation was realized by a periodic, in-phase variation of the bearing stiffness. At the difference between two of the eigenfrequencies of the system, a stabilizing effect, called anti-resonance, was found numerically and validated in experiments. In this work, preliminary results of further exploration of the parametric excitation are shared. A Jeffcott rotor with two active magnetic bearings and a disk is investigated. Using Floquet theory, a deeper insight into the dynamic behavior of the system is obtained. Aiming at a further increase of stability, a phase difference between excitation terms is introduced.
Isovolumetric adaptations to space-filling design of experiments
Authors: Komeilizadeh Koushyar , Kaps Arne , Duddeck Fabian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA brief review of methods in design of experiments and criteria to determine space-filling properties of a set of samples is given. Subsequently, the so-called curse of dimensionality in sampling is reviewed and used as motivation for the proposal of an adaptation to the strata creation process in Latin hypercube sampling based on the idea of nested same-sized hypervolumes. The proposed approach places samples closer to design space boundaries, where in higher dimensions the majority of the design space volume is located. The same idea is introduced for Monte Carlo considering an affordable number of samples as an a-posteriori transformation. Both ideas are studied on different algorithms and compared using different distance-based space-filling criteria. The proposed new sampling approach then enables more efficient sampling for optimization especially for high-dimensional problems, i.e. for problems with a high number of design variables.
Plant functional type affects nitrogen dynamics in urban park soils similarly to boreal forest soils
Authors: Lu Changyi , Kotze D. Johan , Setälä Heikki M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeAlthough plant functional type can modulate soils and their processes in natural, nitrogen (N)-limited ecosystems, little is known about their ability to influence soil N dynamics in urban ecosystems that have high excess N input. We investigated whether i) plant functional type effects on soil N dynamics in urban parks follow the same pattern as those in undisturbed natural/semi-natural forests, and ii) park age influences plant functional type effects on soil N dynamics under boreal climate.MethodsWe selected 13 urban parks of varying ages (young: 10 to 15, old: > 70 years), and 5 undisturbed natural/semi-natural forests (> 80 years) in southern Finland. In these parks and forests, we measured soil total N concentration, availability of inorganic N, nitrous oxide (N2O) flux and earthworm biomass under three plant functional types (evergreen tree, deciduous tree, lawn).ResultsOur results showed that plant functional type influenced N dynamics also in urban greenspace soils, which may relate to the clear effect of plant functional type on earthworm biomass. Evergreen trees tended to have the highest ability to foster N accumulation and reduce N2O emissions in urban parks. Moreover, with increasing park age, N accumulation increased under trees but decreased under lawns, further emphasising the role of vegetation in affecting soil N dynamics in urban greenspaces.ConclusionsOur results show that, similar to natural/semi-natural forests, plant functional type, irrespective of park age, can influence soil N dynamics in urban parks.
Bioavailability of inhaled or ingested PFOA adsorbed to house dust
Authors: Gustafsson Åsa , Wang Bei , Gerde Per , Bergman Åke , Yeung Leo W. Y. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndoor environments may impact human health due to chemical pollutants in the indoor air and house dust. This study aimed at comparing the bioavailability and distribution of PFOA following both an inhalation and an oral exposure to PFOA coated house dust in rats. In addition, extractable organofluorine (EOF) was measured in different tissue samples to assess any potential influence of other organofluorine compounds in the experimental house dust. Blood samples were collected at sequential time points after exposure and at the time of termination; the lungs, liver, and kidney were collected for quantification of PFOA and EOF. The concentration of PFOA in plasma increased rapidly in both exposure groups attaining a Cmaxat 3 h post exposure. The Cmaxfollowing inhalation was four times higher compared to oral exposures. At 48 h post exposure, the levels of PFOA in the plasma, liver, and kidney were twice as high from inhalation exposures. This shows that PFOA is readily bioavailable and has a rapid systemic distribution following an inhalation or oral exposure to house dust coated with PFOA. The proportion of PFOA to EOF corresponded to 65–71% and 74–87% in plasma and tissues, respectively. The mass balance between EOF and target PFOA indicates that there might be other unknown PFAS precursor and/or fluorinated compounds that co-existed in the house dust sample that can have accumulated in rats.
Solidaritätsorientierungen und soziale Positionen. Klassenhabituelle Haltungen zu Sozialstaat und Geflüchteten in Österreich
Authors: Altreiter Carina , Flecker Jörg , Papouschek Ulrike 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungAuf Basis qualitativer Daten untersucht der Beitrag, welche Bedeutung der Klassenlage für die in der österreichischen Gesellschaft vorzufindenden Solidaritätsorientierungen zukommt, v.a. im Hinblick auf sozialstaatliche Arrangements und die Solidarität mit Geflüchteten. Das empirische Material wurde in einer zwischen 2016 und 2019 durchgeführten Studie in Österreich erhoben und umfasst insgesamt 48 Interviews. Die Aussagen werden zunächst mithilfe einer Heuristik von fünf Solidaritätsdimensionen zu einer Typologie von sieben Solidaritätskonfigurationen systematisiert und daraufhin im Hinblick auf die Relevanz der jeweiligen Klassenlage der Befragten differenziert. Mit Rekurs auf Bourdieu wird dabei nicht nur auf die objektive Klassenlage Bezug genommen, sondern auch auf die latenten Wirkungsmechanismen der Klassenherkunft im Sinne eines Klassenhabitus. Auf diese Weise kann sowohl bei nicht-privilegierten als auch bei privilegierten Befragten gezeigt werden, wie die jeweiligen Solidaritätskonfigurationen von der Klassenzugehörigkeit beeinflusst, wenn auch nicht determiniert sind. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich aufschlussreiche Unterschiede v.a. in Hinsicht auf Reichweite, Bedingungen und Gerechtigkeitsprinzipien der jeweiligen Solidaritätsorientierung. Es wird deutlich, dass der Fokus auf Klasse das Verständnis von Ein- und Ausschlüssen im Hinblick auf die sozialstaatliche Solidargemeinschaft plausibilisiert.
Is the relation between family background and obtaining an Abitur mediated by malleable motivational variables?
Authors: Molitor Katharina , Fabian Paul , Thums Kathrin , McElvany Nele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study examined the relation between family background variables, motivational factors, and educational attainment (defined as obtaining the highest form of school-leaving certificate in Germany—the Abitur) among students who attended Gymnasium. A multifaceted concept of both family background variables (parental educational level, parental occupational status, and immigrant background) and motivational factors (expectation of success, value of education, effort, and performance-oriented motivation) was applied. Structural equation models were estimated using longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS; N = 5409 students). The results showed that the relation between family background variables and obtaining an Abitur was smaller when motivational factors were included. The mediation model results suggest that focusing on breaking the link between parental education and students’ expectations for success would be helpful for reducing educational inequality.
Amplifying actions for food system transformation: insights from the Stockholm region
Authors: Lam David P. M. , Jiménez-Aceituno Amanda , Guerrero Lara Leonie , Sellberg My M. , Norström Albert V. , Moore Michele-Lee , Peterson Garry D. , Olsson Per 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFood is essential to people and is one of the main ways in which people are connected to the world’s ecosystems. However, food systems often cause ecosystem degradation and produce ill-health, which has generated increasing calls to transform food systems to be more sustainable. The Swedish food system is currently undergoing substantial change. A varied set of local actors have created alternative sustainability initiatives that enact new ways of doing, thinking, and organizing. These actors can increase the transformative impact of their initiatives through multiple actions and a variety of amplification processes. We analyzed the actions adopted by 29 food initiatives active in the Stockholm region using information available online. We conducted 11 interviews to better understand the amplification processes of speeding up (i.e., accelerating impact), scaling up (i.e., influencing higher institutional levels), and scaling deep (i.e., changing values and mind-sets). Our results indicated that the initiatives mainly seek to stabilize and grow their impact while changing the awareness, values, and mind-sets of people concerning the food they consume (scaling deep). However, these approaches raise new questions about whether these actions subvert or reinforce current unsustainable and inequitable system dynamics. We suggest there are distinct steps that local and regional governments could take to support these local actors via collaborations with coordinated forms of initiatives, and fostering changes at the municipality level, but these steps require ongoing, adaptive approaches given the highly complex nature of transformative change and the risks of reinforcing current system dynamics.
Investigation of Mitochondrial Related Variants in a Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Cohort
Authors: Dunn P. J. , Harvey N. R. , Maksemous N. , Smith R. A. , Sutherland H. G. , Haupt L. M. , Griffiths L. R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonogenic forms of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) can be caused by both variants in nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is known to have a phenotype similar to Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Sub-cortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), and can be caused by variants in the mitochondrial genome and in several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein (NEMP) genes. The aim of this study was to screen for variants in the mitochondrial genome and NEMP genes in aNOTCH3-negative CADASIL cohort, to identify a potential link between mitochondrial dysfunction and CSVD pathology. Whole exome sequencing was performed for 50 patients with CADASIL-like symptomology on the Ion Torrent system. Mitochondrial sequencing was performed using an in-house designed protocol with sequencing run on the Ion GeneStudio S5 Plus (S5 +). NEMP genes and mitochondrial sequencing data were examined for rare (MAF < 0.001), non-synonymous variants that were predicted to have a deleterious effect on the protein. We identified 29 candidate NEMP variants that had links to either MELAS-, encephalopathy-, or Alzheimer’s disease–related phenotypes. Based on these changes, variants affectingPOLG,MTO1,LONP1,NDUFAF6,NDUFB3, andTCIRG1were thought to play a potential role in CSVD pathology in this cohort. Overall, the exploration of the mitochondrial genome identified a potential role for mitochondrial related proteins and mtDNA variants contributing to CSVD pathologies.
Archetypes of open-source business models
Authors: Duparc Estelle , Möller Frederik , Jussen Ilka , Stachon Maleen , Algac Sükran , Otto Boris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The open-source paradigm offers a plethora of opportunities for innovative business models (BMs) as the underlying codebase of the technology is accessible and extendable by external developers. However, finding the proper configuration of open-source business models (OSBMs) is challenging, as existing literature gives guidance through commonly used BMs but does not describe underlying design elements. The present study generates a taxonomy following an iterative development process based on established guidelines by analyzing 120 OSBMs to complement the taxonomy's conceptually-grounded design elements. Then, a cluster-based approach is used to develop archetypes derived from dominant features. The results show that OSBMs can be classified into seven archetypical patterns: open-source platform BM, funding-based BM, infrastructure BM, Open Innovation BM, Open Core BM, proprietary-like BM, and traditional open-source software (OSS) BM. The results can act as a starting point for further investigation regarding the use of the open-source paradigm in the era of digital entrepreneurship. Practitioners can find guidance in designing OSBMs.
“You see things that you wouldn’t have seen otherwise”: enabling elementary preservice teachers to share different ways of seeing mathematics
Authors: Alderton Julie , Ineson Gwen , Donaldson Gina , Rowland Tim , Voutsina Chronoula , Wilson Kirsty 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Finding opportunities for elementary preservice teachers to engage in mathematics for themselves and to collaborate in their enquiries was the focus of this study, carried out at two English Universities. Preservice teachers on 1-year postgraduate programmes engaged in shared mathematics enquiry, with a focus on growing patterns. We conducted interviews with 15 preservice teachers and analysed the interview data alongside their subsequent lesson plans and lesson evaluations. We explored the awarenesses that emerged through deliberate retrospective analysis of sharing what others were seeing and how this influenced their prospective thinking about their own teaching. Our findings indicate that even when preservice teachers struggle to make sense of what others are seeing, they recognise that some approaches may be more efficient or insightful than others, and that listening to others’ ideas is a powerful learning opportunity for teachers and children. This has implications for initial teacher education programmes internationally. There is value in providing preservice teachers with opportunities to engage with mathematics as a shared experience, and in enabling and supporting deliberate retrospective and prospective reflection of this activity.