bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic analysis and risk stratification of lung adenocarcinoma undergoing EGFR-TKI therapy with time-serial CT-based radiomics signature
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Lu Bingfeng , Yang Xinguan , Lan Dong , Lin Shushen , Zhou Zhipeng , Li Kai , Deng Dong , Peng Peng , Zeng Zisan , Long Liling 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the value of time-serial CT radiomics features in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients after epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) therapy.

Materials and methods
LUAD patients treated with EGFR-TKIs were retrospectively included from three independent institutes and divided into training and validation cohorts. Intratumoral and peritumoral features were extracted from time-serial non-contrast chest CT (including pre-therapy and first follow-up images); moreover, the percentage variation per unit time (day) was introduced to adjust for the different follow-up periods of each patient. Test-retest was performed to exclude irreproducible features, while the Boruta algorithm was used to select critical radiomics features. Radiomics signatures were constructed with random forest survival models in the training cohort and compared against baseline clinical characteristics through Cox regression and nonparametric testing of concordance indices (C-indices).

Results
The training cohort included 131 patients (74 women, 56.5%) from one institute and the validation cohort encompassed 41 patients (24 women, 58.5%) from two other institutes. The optimal signature contained 10 features and 7 were unit time feature variations. The comprehensive radiomics model outperformed the pre-therapy clinical characteristics in predicting PFS (training: 0.78, 95% CI: [0.72, 0.84] versus 0.55, 95% CI: [0.49, 0.62], p < 0.001; validation: 0.72, 95% CI: [0.60, 0.84] versus 0.54, 95% CI: [0.42, 0.66], p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Radiomics signature derived from time-serial CT images demonstrated optimal prognostic performance of disease progression. This dynamic imaging biomarker holds the promise of monitoring treatment response and achieving personalized management.

Key Points
• The intrinsic tumor heterogeneity can be highly dynamic under the therapeutic effect of EGFR-TKI treatment, and the inevitable development of drug resistance may disrupt the duration of clinical benefit. Decision-making remained challenging in practice to detect the emergence of acquired resistance during the early response phase.
• Time-serial CT-based radiomics signature integrating intra- and peritumoral features offered the potential to predict progression-free survival for LUAD patients treated with EGFR-TKIs.
• The dynamic imaging signature allowed for prognostic risk stratification.
Imaging features facilitate diagnosis of porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder
Authors: Lampichler Katharina , Semmler Georg , Wöran Katharina , Simbrunner Benedikt , Jachs Mathias , Hartl Lukas , Bauer David Josef Maria , Balcar Lorenz , Burghart Lukas , Trauner Michael , Tamandl Dietmar , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas , Scheiner Bernhard , Scharitzer Martina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD) is a recently defined vascular liver disease. Since diagnosis remains challenging, we aimed to evaluate radiological features that are distinct between PSVD and cirrhosis.

Methods
Clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters (CT/MRI) of patients with histologically-confirmed PSVD vs. cirrhosis vs. non-cirrhotic parenchymal liver disease were retrospectively evaluated.

Results
Sixty-three PSVD, 155 cirrhosis, and 41 non-cirrhotic patients were included. As compared to cirrhosis, PSVD patients were younger and had lower HVPG, liver stiffness, and MELD. Routine clinical and imaging findings indicative of portal hypertension were similarly common. Intrahepatic portal tract abnormalities (49% vs. 15%; p < 0.001), FNH-like lesions (30% vs. 1%; p < 0.001), and abnormal liver morphology defined as peripheral parenchymal atrophy and compensatory hypertrophy of central segments (32% vs. 7%; p < 0.001) were significantly more common in PSVD patients. Hypertrophy of segment I (70% vs. 84%; p = 0.019), atrophy of segment IV (24% vs. 47%; p = 0.001), and nodular liver surface (22% vs. 89%; p < 0.001) were more common in patients with cirrhosis. In patients with gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI, we identified the distinct imaging feature of “periportal hyperintensity” in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) in 42% of patients with PSVD (14/33) vs. 1% in cirrhosis (1/95) vs. 0% in non-cirrhotic controls (0/41); p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Diagnosis of PSVD must be considered in younger patients presenting with clinical features of portal hypertension, portal tract abnormalities, and FNH-like lesions on CT/MRI. ‘Periportal hyperintensity’ in the HBP of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI was identified as a specific radiological feature of PSVD.

Key Points
• Cross-sectional imaging can provide essential information to identify patients with porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder (PSVD).
• Intrahepatic portal tract abnormalities, FNH-like lesions, and abnormal liver morphology are common in PSVD patients.
• Periportal hyperintensity on the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI seems to be specific for patients with PSVD.
Tropospheric pathways of the late-winter ENSO teleconnection to Europe
Authors: Mezzina Bianca , García-Serrano Javier , Ambrizzi Tercio , Matei Daniela , Manzini Elisa , Bladé Ileana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe late-winter signal associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the European continent is unsettled. Two main anomalous patterns of sea-level pressure (SLP) can be identified: a “wave-like” pattern with two opposite-signed anomalies over Europe, and a pattern showing a single anomaly (“semi-isolated”). In this work, potential paths of the tropospheric ENSO teleconnection to Europe and their role in favoring a more wave-like or semi-isolated pattern are explored. Outputs from historical runs of two versions of the MPI-ESM coupled model, which simulate these two types of patterns, are examined. A novel ray-tracing approach that accounts for zonal asymmetries in the background flow is used to test potential propagation paths in these simulations and in observations; three source regions are considered: the tropical Pacific, the North America/North Atlantic, and the tropical Atlantic. The semi-isolated pattern is suggested to be related to the well-known Rossby wave train emanating from the tropical Pacific, either via a split over northern North America or via reflection due to inhomogeneities in the background flow. The wave-like pattern, in turn, appears to be related to a secondary wave train emerging from the tropical Atlantic. The competition between these two pathways contributes to determining the actual surface response.
Risk and course of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Stascheit Frauke , Grittner Ulrike , Hoffmann Sarah , Mergenthaler Philipp , Schroeter Michael , Ruck Tobias , Pawlitzki Mark , Blaes Franz , Kaiser Julia , Schara Ulrike , Della-Marina Adela , Thieme Andrea , Hagenacker Tim , Jacobi Christian , Berger Benjamin , Urban Peter P. , Knop Karl Christian , Schalke Berthold , Lee De-Hyung , Kalischewski Petra , Wiendl Heinz , Meisel Andreas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) are potentially prone for a severe COVID-19 course, but there are limited real-world data available on the risk associated with COVID-19 for patients with MG. Here, we investigate whether current immunosuppressive therapy (IST) influences the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity.

Methods
Data from the German myasthenia gravis registry were analyzed from May 2020 until June 2021 and included patient demographics, MG disease duration, comorbidities, current IST use, COVID-19 characteristics, and outcomes. Propensity score matching was employed to match MG patients with IST to those without, and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to determine associations between IST with (1) symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and (2) severe COVID-19 course, as measured by hospitalization or death.

Results
Of 1379 patients with MG, 95 (7%) patients (mean age 58 (standard deviation [SD] 18) presented with COVID-19, of which 76 (80%) received IST at time of infection. 32 patients (34%) were hospitalized due to COVID-19; a total of 11 patients (12%) died. IST was a risk factor for hospitalization or death in the group of COVID-19-affected MG patients (odds ratio [OR] 3.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–9.06, p = 0.046), but current IST was not associated with a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection itself.

Discussion
In this national MG cohort study, current IST use was a risk factor for a severe disease course of COVID-19 but not for SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. These data support the consequent implementation of effective strategies to prevent COVID-19 in this high-risk group.

Trial registration information
German clinical trial registry (https://www.drks.de), DRKS00024099, first patient enrolled: February 4th, 2019.
The periodic property of Gaylord’s oscillator with a non-perturbative method
Authors: El-Dib Yusry O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Gaylord's oscillator is a vibrating of a uniform rigid rod without slipping on a rigid circular surface with a definite radius. The dominant equation of motion was the outcome of a strongly nonlinear pendulum equation of the second order. The run article is interested in obtaining the frequency–amplitude equation and the approximate solution of Gaylord's oscillator by a simpler approach. The frequency–amplitude relationship is derived in terms of the Bessel function. Quasi-exact periodic solution derived depends on a non-perturbative approach. The validation of the analytical solution is made through the comparison with the numerical solution which shows excellent approval. Finally, the non-perturbative method is of high accuracy besides simplicity if it is compared with the other perturbative techniques in analyzing the behavior of oscillators with strong nonlinearities.
Are predictive saccades linked to the processing of peripheral information?
Authors: Vater Christian , Mann David L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh-level athletes can predict the actions of an opposing player. Interestingly, such predictions are also reflected by the athlete’s gaze behavior. In cricket, for example, players first pursue the ball with their eyes before they very often initiate two predictive saccades: one to the predicted ball-bounce point and a second to the predicted ball-bat-contact point. That means, they move their eyes ahead of the ball and “wait” for the ball at the new fixation location, potentially using their peripheral vision to update information about the ball’s trajectory. In this study, we investigated whether predictive saccades are linked to the processing of information in peripheral vision and if predictive saccades are superior to continuously following the ball with foveal vision using smooth-pursuit eye-movements (SPEMs). In the first two experiments, we evoked the typical eye-movements observed in cricket and showed that the information gathered during SPEMs is sufficient to predict when the moving object will hit the target location and that (additional) peripheral monitoring of the object does not help to improve performance. In a third experiment, we show that it could actually be beneficial to use SPEMs rather than predictive saccades to improve performance. Thus, predictive saccades ahead of a target are unlikely to be performed to enhance the peripheral monitoring of target.
Species diversity and phylogeography of the Australoheros autrani group (Teleostei, Cichlidae) in eastern Brazil
Authors: da Silva Marcos A. , Ottoni Felipe P. , Mattos José L. O. , Indermaur Adrian , Katz Axel M. , Salzburger Walter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCichlid fishes are an important model system in evolutionary biology, primarily because of their exceptional diversity. However, while some cichlid assemblages, such as the ones of the African Great Lakes, have received considerable attention, others are not well studied, including many riverine species. Here, we focus on the Australoheros autrani species group and first report a new record of Australoheros in the upper Paranaíba River drainage, extending the known distribution range of this genus. Through Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of these specimens as well as available sequences, we assigned the newly discovered population to Australoheros barbosae. We corroborate the monophyly of the A. autrani species group and the presence of three species in the upper/middle Paraíba do Sul River basin as well as molecular diagnostic characters for each. Finally, we provide evidence for a recent expansion of A. barbosae.
Robust weighted aggregation of expert opinions in futures studies
Authors: Marozzi Marco , Bolzan Mario , Di Zio Simone 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExpert judgments are widespread in many fields, and the way in which they are collected and the procedure by which they are aggregated are considered crucial steps. From a statistical perspective, expert judgments are subjective data and must be gathered and treated as carefully and scientifically as possible. In the elicitation phase, a multitude of experts is preferable to a single expert, and techniques based on anonymity and iterations, such as Delphi, offer many advantages in terms of reducing distortions, which are mainly related to cognitive biases. There are two approaches to the aggregation of the judgments given by a panel of experts, referred to as behavioural (implying an interaction between the experts) and mathematical (involving non-interacting participants and the aggregation of the judgments using a mathematical formula). Both have advantages and disadvantages, and with the mathematical approach, the main problem concerns the subjective choice of an appropriate formula for both normalization and aggregation. We propose a new method for aggregating and processing subjective data collected using the Delphi method, with the aim of obtaining robust rankings of the outputs. This method makes it possible to normalize and aggregate the opinions of a panel of experts, while modelling different sources of uncertainty. We use an uncertainty analysis approach that allows the contemporaneous use of different aggregation and normalization functions, so that the result does not depend on the choice of a specific mathematical formula, thereby solving the problem of choice. Furthermore, we can also model the uncertainty related to the weighting system, which reflects the different expertise of the participants as well as expert opinion accuracy. By combining the Delphi method with the robust ranking procedure, we offer a new protocol covering the elicitation, the aggregation and the processing of subjective data used in the construction of Delphi-based future scenarios. The method is very flexible and can be applied to the aggregation and processing of any subjective judgments, i.e. also those outside the context of futures studies. Finally, we show the validity, reproducibility and potential of the method through its application with regard to the future of Italian families.
Network intrusion detection based on conditional wasserstein variational autoencoder with generative adversarial network and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks
Authors: He Jiaxing , Wang Xiaodan , Song Yafei , Xiang Qian , Chen Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is a class-imbalance problem that the number of minority class samples is significantly lower than that of majority class samples in common network traffic datasets. Class-imbalance phenomenon will affect the performance of the classifier and reduce the robustness of the classifier to detect unknown anomaly detection. And the distribution of the continuous features in the dataset does not follow the Gaussian distribution, which will bring great difficulties to intrusion detection. We propose Conditional Wasserstein Variational Autoencoders with Generative Adversarial Network (CWVAEGAN) to solve the class-imbalance phenomenon, CWVAEGAN transform the original dataset through data preprocessing, and then use the improved VAEGAN to generate minority class samples. According to the CWVAEGAN model, an intrusion detection system based on CWVAEGAN and One-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNN), namely CWVAEGAN-1DCNN, is established. By using the examples generated by CWVAEGAN, the problem of intrusion detection on class unbalanced data is solved. Specifically, CWVAEGAN-1DCNN consists of three modules: data preprocessing module, CWVAEGAN, and deep neural network. We evaluate the performance of CWVAEGAN-1DCNN on two benchmark datasets and compared it with the other 16 methods. Experiment results suggest that the performance of CWVAEGAN-1DCNN is better than class-balancing methods, and other advanced methods.
Long-term survival of screen-detected synchronous and metachronous bilateral non-palpable breast cancer among Chinese women: a hospital-based study (2003–2017)
Authors: Pan Bo , Xu Ying , Zhou Yidong , Yao Ru , Zhou Xingtong , Xu Yali , Ren Xinyu , Xiao Mengsu , Zhu Qingli , Kong Lingyan , Mao Feng , Lin Yan , Zhang Xiaohui , Shen Songjie , Sun Qiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Screen-detected unilateral non-palpable breast cancer (NPBC) shows favorable prognosis, whereas bilateral breast cancer (BBC), especially synchronous BBC (SBBC) manifests worse survival than unilateral breast cancer (BC). It remains unclear whether screen-detected bilateral NPBC has compromised survival and requires intensified treatment or favorable prognosis and needs de-escalating therapy.

Methods
From 2003 to 2017, 1,075 consecutive NPBC patients were retrospectively reviewed. There were 988 patients with unilateral NPBC (UniNPBC), and 87 patients with ipsilateral NPBC + any contralateral BC [(N + AnyContra) PBC], including 32 patients with bilateral NPBC (BiNPBC) and 55 patients with ipsilateral NPBC + contralateral palpable cancer [(N + Contra) PBC]. Median follow-up time was 91 (48–227) months. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between UniNPBC and BBC, whereas relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among BBC subgroups. RFS and OS factors of BBC were identified.

Results
Compared to UniNPBC, patients with screen-detected bilateral BC had more invasive (85.1%, 74.8%), ER negative (26.4%, 17.1%), PR negative (36.8%, 23.5%), triple-negative (21.6%, 8.5%) BC as well as less breast conserving surgery (17.2%, 32.4%), radiotherapy (13.8%, 32.0%) and endocrine therapy (71.3%, 83.9%). 10 year RFS and OS rates of (N + AnyContra) PBC (72.8%, 81.5%), (N + Contra) PBC (60.6%, 73.9%), and synchronous (N + Contra) PBC (58.1%, 70.1%) were significantly compromised compared to UniNPBC (91.0%, 97.2%). RFS factors of BBC included pN3 (p = 0.048), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.008) and existence of contralateral palpable interval BC (p = 0.008), while the OS relevant factor was pN3 (p = 0.018).

Conclusion
Screen-detected bilateral NPBC including SynBiNPBC and MetaBiNPBC showed good prognosis as UniNPBC so that the therapy of BiNPBC could be de-escalated and optimized according to UniNPBC. Contrarily, screen-detected ipsilateral NPBC with contralateral palpable BC [(N + Contra) PBC] manifested unfavorable survival worse than UniNPBC and synchronous (N + Contra) PBC had the worst survival among all subgroups, implying that these were actually bilateral interval BC and required intensified treatment.
The effects of economic development on democratic institutions and repression in non-democratic regimes: theory and evidence
Authors: Kemnitz Alexander , Roessler Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a theoretical rationale for the simultaneous use of repression and democratic institutions by a non-democratic government, as is often observed in reality. We find that economic development has different impacts on the levels of repression and democracy, depending on whether it appears in the form of rises in income or in education: A higher income level reduces democracy, whereas more education leads to both more democracy and more repression. These theoretical implications are corroborated by dynamic panel data regressions.
The Basic Premises of EU Regulations Regarding the Safety of Unmanned Aircraft in the Context of their Development Process
Authors: Kasprzyk Piotr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of UA is one of the most important challenges for the future of aviation. Consequently, this is one of the major challenges for the future of aviation law, particularly for those legal regulations that aim to provide an adequate level of civil aviation safety. The main goal is to show the results of the analysis of the legal framework created in Europe and to show where Europe is going in the nearest future. The method of study comprised content analysis of existing legislation. Results of the study shows inter alia that although the analysis of the adopted solutions is necessary for a better understanding, a comprehensive assessment of these solutions will be possible at the earliest after the end of the adopted transition periods, i.e. after 2023.
Integrability of Hamiltonian systems with gyroscopic term
Authors: Przybylska Maria , Maciejewski Andrzej J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the integrability of 2D Hamiltonian systems $$H_\mu =\frac{1}{2}(p_1^2+p_2^2) + \omega (p_1q_2-p_2q_1) -\tfrac{\mu }{r}+ V(q_1,q_2)$$

H
μ

=

1
2

(

p
1
2

+

p
2
2

)

+
ω

(

p
1

q
2

-

p
2

q
1

)

-

μ
r

+
V

(

q
1

,

q
2

)

, where $$r^2=q_1^2+q_2^2$$

r
2

=

q
1
2

+

q
2
2

, and potential $$V(q_1,q_2)$$

V
(

q
1

,

q
2

)

is a homogeneous rational function of integer degree k. The main result states that under very general assumptions: $$\mu \omega \ne 0$$

μ
ω
≠
0

, $$|k|>2$$

|
k
|
>
2

and $$V(1,\mathrm {i})\ne 0$$

V
(
1
,
i
)
≠
0

or $$V(-1,\mathrm {i})\ne 0$$

V
(
-
1
,
i
)
≠
0

, the system is not integrable. It was obtained by combining the Levi-Civita regularization, differential Galois methods, and the so-called coupling constant metamorphosis transformation. The proof that the regularized version of the problem is not integrable contains the most important theoretical results, which can be applied to study integrability of other problems.
Propositional contingentism and possible worlds
Authors: Masterman Christopher James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPropositional contingentism is the view that what propositions there are is a contingent matter—certain propositions ontologically depend on objects which themselves only contingently exist. Possible worlds are, loosely, complete ways the world could have been. That is to say, the ways in which everything in its totality could have been. Propositional contingentists make use of possible worlds frequently. However, a neglected, but important, question concerns whether there are any notions of worlds which are both theoretically adequate and consistent with propositional contingentism. Some notion of a possible world is adequate if the systematic connection between, at least, possibility and truth at some possible world holds. Here, I argue that no adequate notion of a possible world is available to at least those who subscribe to one natural formulation of propositional contingentism. I also show that this result contrasts with a simple and adequate definition of a possible world available to the necessitist—those who hold that necessarily everything necessarily exists.