bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical dispersal of Aedes albopictus within multi-storey buildings in downtown Shanghai, China
Authors: Jin Shuqing , Fan Jian , Cao Hui , Zhang Zhendong , Leng Peien , Gao Qiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Shanghai has a large number of high-rise apartment and office buildings, but the effects of these high-rise spaces on the vertical dispersal, oviposition and blood feeding behaviour of Aedes albopictus are unknown.Methods: In six multi-storey building blocks in downtown Shanghai, 174 mosq-ovitraps (MOT) were placed both indoors and outdoors for Ae. albopictus collection at different vertical heights from the 1st to 6th floors. Collections were made for 4 months. Human landing catch (HLC) for Ae. albopictus monitoring was also conducted on 6 consecutive days on six floors of two buildings among those mentioned above to study the feeding behaviour of Ae. albopictus at different heights. Results: MOT and HLC collected Ae. albopictus at all monitored heights. The vertical distribution, oviposition pattern and biting behaviour varied significantly among the seven heights (1st–6th floor and 8th floor) (mosq-ovitrap index (MOI): F = 5.640, P < 0.001; HLC: F = 15.111, P < 0.001). The MOI at low heights (1st + 2nd floors) was significantly higher than that at medium (3rd + 4th floor, P < 0.001) and high heights (5th + 6th floors, P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in the MOI for the 3rd–6th floors. The outdoor MOIs were significantly higher than indoor MOIs at all heights (outdoor 23.09% vs. indoor 9.58%, t = −5.139, P < 0.001). Ae. albopictus HLC density on the ground floor was significantly higher than that on all other heights (5.04 vs. 0.13, 0.29, 0.58, 0.79 and 1.50 per half hour, P < 0.05), while no difference was detected among the heights above the ground floor (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Ae. albopictus is more common near the ground level, but it can easily disperse to higher floors in the multi-storey buildings of urban Shanghai. No significant differences in Ae. albopictus density were detected within the 3rd–6th floors by MOT or HLC. This suggests that Ae. albopictus might also disperse to areas higher than the 6th floor and seek hosts there. Ae. albopictus prefers to oviposit outdoors; however, Ae. albopictus was also able to inhabit, oviposit and engage in blood feeding behaviour indoors on different floors. The three-dimensional dispersal pattern of Ae. albopictus in urban areas could facilitate arbovirus transmission and increase the difficulty of dengue control.
Fusion of Wavelet Decomposition and N-BEATS for improved Stock Market Forecasting
Authors: Singhal Vatsal , Neeraj Neeraj , Mathew Jimson , Agarwal Mayank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stock market forecasting is one of the most exciting areas of time series forecasting both for the industry and academia. Stock market is a complex, non-linear and non-stationary system with many governing factors and noise. Some of these factors can be quantified and modeled, whereas some factors possess a random walk behavior making the process of forecasting challenging. Various statistical methods, machine learning, and deep learning techniques are prevalent in stock market forecasting. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift towards hybrid models, showing some promising results. In this paper, we propose a technique that combines a recently proposed deep learning architecture N-BEATS with wavelet transformation for improved forecasting of future prices of stock market indices. This work uses daily time series data from five stock market indices, namely NIFTY 50, Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Nikkei 225, BSE SENSEX, and Hang Seng Index (HSI), for the experimental studies to compare the proposed technique with some traditional deep learning techniques. The empirical findings suggest that the proposed architecture has high accuracy as compared to some traditional time series forecasting methods and can improve the forecasting of non-linear and non-stationary stock market time series.2010 MSC: 00-01, 99-00
A Stable Low Power Dissipating 9T SRAM For Implementation of 4x4 Memory Array with High Frequency Analysis
Authors: joy ancy , Kuruvilla Jinsa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Today’s high speed data processing and memory storage operations demand immediate data write and retrieval to meet up to benchmark. To act as a volatile or nonvolatile data storage for electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops the Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM) has been perfect choice for industrialists. So memory usage is significant and more than 65% of electronic devices uses memory as its heart. Nevertheless, memory turns out to be a leading factor affecting speed, power and data retention in a handheld system. The urge for optimization in power is all time relevant. The proposed system is designed to optimize a single bit memory cell of conventional static random access memory and hence developed a stable system with low power consumption and obtained significantly low Power-Delay-Product (PDP) by varying operating frequencies in MHz range. Also, a comparative analysis of a 4x4 SRAM array is carried out between 6T SRAM cell and 9T SRAM cell. Here62.83% power reduction is obtained in the proposed system as compared with the existing system at an operating frequency of 2GHz. In this paper, a power reduction of 62.273% is obtained for the array structure. The power dissipation and Power Delay Product [PDP] of the single bit 9T SRAM cell is also lower than the conventional 6T SRAM. Thus, the paper implements the proposed scheme of SRAM into an array along with all connecting peripherals.
Stress analysis of the lower lumbar spine three-joint complex according to different pelvic incidences
Authors: Lai Qi , Yin Jun , Chen Shaofeng , Zhang Zizhen , Yang Jie , Wan Zongmiao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Pelvic incidence is closely related to degeneration of the facet joint and intervertebral disc and is related to the orientation of the facet joints. Currently, very few studies have been conducted on the force analysis of the three-joint complex in patients with different pelvic incidence measurements under different sports postures. We designed this study to better assess the influence of pelvic incidence on the stress of the lumbar three-joint complex. Finite element analysis can provide a biomechanical basis for the relationship between different pelvic incidences and degenerative diseases of the lower lumbar spine.
Methods
We developed three nonlinear finite element models of the lumbar spine (L1-S1) with different pelvic incidences (27.44°, 47.05°, and 62.28°) and validated them to study the biomechanical response of facet joints and intervertebral discs with a follower preload of 400 N, under different torques (5 Nm, 10 Nm, and 15 Nm), and compared the stress of the three-joint complex of the lower lumbar spine (L3-S1) in different positions (flexion-extension, left-right bending, and left-right torsion).
Results
In the flexion position, the stress of the disc in the low pelvic incidence model was the largest among the three models; the stress of the facet joint in the high pelvic incidence model was the largest among the three groups during the extension position. During torsion, the intradiscal pressure of the high pelvic incidence model was higher than that of the other two models in the L3/4 segment, and the maximum von Mises stress of the annulus fibrosus in the L5/S1 segment with a large pelvic incidence was greater than that of the other two models. In the flexion and extension position, range of movement (ROM) of the high pelvic incidence model was higher than that of the other two models in the L4/5 and L5/S1 segment.
Conclusions
The stress and ROM of the lower lumbar facet joints and fibrous annulus of individuals with a high pelvic incidence is greater than that of individuals with a low pelvic incidence or a normal pelvic incidence. Therefore, people with high PI are more likely to develop lumbar degenerative diseases, such as lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spondylolisthesis.
Protein Lysine Methyltransferases Inhibitors
Authors: Li Ying , Ding Lei , Ren Shuang , Zhang Wen , Rao Guo-Wu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Protein lysine methylation is a significant protein post-translational modification (PTMs), and has a key function in epigenetic regulation. Protein lysine methyltransferase (PKMTs) mainly catalyze the lysine methylation of various core histones, but also catalyze a few non-histone proteins. It has been observed that aberrant activity of PKMTs has been found in many cancers and other diseases, and some PKMTs inhibitors have been discovered and progressed to clinical trials. This field developed rapidly and has aroused great interest. In this paper, we reviewed the biochemical and biological activities of PKMTs and their association with various cancers. Selective small-molecule inhibitors including their chemical structure, structure-activity relationship, and in vitro/vivo studies are also be described with the aim of providing ideas for the discovery highly potent, selective PKMTs inhibitors.
Nano-carrier Polyamidoamine Dendrimer G4 Induces Mitochondrialdependent
Apoptosis in Human Multidrug-resistant Breast Cancer Cells
through G0/G1 Phase Arrest
Authors: Ding Baoyue , Gao Jianqing , Zhang Jie , Wu Zhaoyong , Zhan Shuyu , Li Mingjuan , Wang Yang , Xu Hang 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Multidrug-resistant tumor cells have special drug detoxiﬁcation/inactivation mechanisms. The terminal amino groups of the polyamidoamine (PAMAM-NH2), which is cytotoxic to tumor sensitive cells, may have no cytotoxicity in tumor resistant cells with mechanism different from tumor sensitive cells.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of PAMAM-G4-NH2 on human multidrug-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR cells) and identify the possible molecular mechanisms.

Methods:
The cytotoxicity of PAMAM-G4-NH2 (10-1000 μg/mL) against MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells was detected. Then, MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells were treated with PAMAM-G4-NH2 (10, 100 and 1000 μg/mL), and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 and cell cycle distribution were determined.

Results:
Within 48 h, the cell viabilities in MCF-7/ADR cells after treatment with PAMAM-G4-NH2 were significantly higher than that in MCF-7 cells in the concentration range of 200-500 μg/mL (P < 0.05). Viabilities of MCF-7/ADR cells treated with PAMAM-G4-OH and PAMAM-G4-COOH for 48 and 72 h were much higher than that of MCF-7/ADR cells treated with PAMAM-G4-NH2. Treated with high concentration (1000 μg/mL) of PAMAM-G4-NH2 for 24 h, the apoptosis ratio, ROS levels, as well as caspase-3 and -9 activities in MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells increased, while MMP decreased, and the cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase.

Conclusion:
PAMAM-G4-NH2 induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in MCF-7/ADR cells via G0/G1 arrest, and acted through the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway, which was similar to those in tumor sensitive cell, MCF-7 cells. The results suggest that PAMAM-G4-NH2, instead of PAMAM-G4-OH and PAMAM-G4-COOH, can be used as a carrier for drug delivery, concomitantly, it can also induce apoptosis in multidrug-resistant cancer cells in combination with the loaded drug through multiple apoptotic pathways.
Phytochemical Composition of Urtica dioica Essential Oil with Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Chira Ahlem , Rekik Imen , Rahmouni Fatma , Amor Ichrak Ben , Gargouri Bochra , Kallel Choumous , Jamoussi Kamel , Allouche Noureddine , Feki Abdelfattah El , Kadmi Yassine , Saoudi Mongi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) has outstanding medicinal and pharmacological
properties. This investigation was aimed to assess the chemical composition, the total polyphenol and
flavonoid content, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects of Urtica dioica essential
oil (UDEO).

Methods:
GC/MS analysis was performed to assess the chemical composition, standard antioxidative
test, the DPPH assay, the reducing power assay, as well as the anti-proliferative capacities of UDEO
against HeLa cell lines using the MTT test. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of UDEO were
evaluated using paw thickness measurements in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema and pathologic
evaluation of inflammation in paw sections.

Results:
GC/MS analysis revealed benzene dicarboxylic acid (14.69%), β-linalool (9.79%), phytol
(9.52%), menthol (6.65%), borneol (6.45%), 3-Eicosene (E) (6.10%), 1-8 cineole (5.60%) and camphor
(5.36%) as the major components of UDEO.
In vitro results showed that UDEO contained 191 ± 2.04 mg GAE/g of polyphenols and 83.59 ± 4.7 mg
CE/g of flavonoids. In addition, the UDEO showed a radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 0.14 ±
0.003 mg/mL and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (optical density = 0.556). A side from
the UDEO's antioxidant properties, our findings revealed a reduction in ROS generation in the HeLa
cell line. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative activity of UDEO is accompanied by a cytotoxicity effect
(IC50 at 3.20 μg ml-1).
Data from inflammation models revealed that UDEO has an anti-inflammatory effect. The pretreatment
with UDEO or Indomethacin (Ind) reduced significantly the volume of edema induced by Carr, the
level of C-reactive protein (CRP), the reactive thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), the conjugated dienes
(CD), the carbonyl proteins (CP) and the advanced protein oxidation products (AOPP). Furthermore, it
restored the hematology parameters such as white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), and platelets
(PLT). In addition, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase
(SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In UDEO-treated rats, the histopathological
examinations of the paws revealed little infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Conclusion:
The decrease in paw edema and human cell lines HeLa cytotoxicity showed that UDEO
possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could be attributed to the high amount
of phenolic and flavonoid contents.
Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Potential of Licorice Chalcone
Compounds: Molecular Insights
Authors: Wang Yushu , Xia Wenxin , Tao Mengxin , Fu Xueyan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Licorice is an important traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in
clinical practice and contains more than 300 flavonoids. Chalcone is one of the main types of flavonoids
with a wide range of biological functions and pharmacological activities. In the anticancer
research, chalcone compounds have shown excellent performance.

Objective:
This review aims to summarize the biosynthetic pathway and pharmacokinetics of chalcone
from licorice and provide evidence for the anticancer effects of chalcone and the underlying
mechanisms involved.

Methods:
For this review, the following databases were consulted: the PubMed Database
(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://
www.cnki.net), National Science and Technology Library (http://www.nstl.gov.cn/), Wanfang Data
(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/), and the Web of Science Database (http://
apps.webofknowledge.com/).

Results:
To date, about 56 chalcones have been isolated and identified from licorice, 14 of which
have antitumor effects. These chalcones have a wide range of biological activities and can inhibit
the viability, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells by blocking the cancer cell cycle, thus inducing
apoptosis and autophagy. However, the molecular mechanism of the anticancer effects of
chalcone is not fully understood.

Conclusion:
In this paper, the molecular mechanism of chalcone regulating different types of cancer
is reviewed in detail from the biosynthetic pathway. This comprehensive review article summarizes
the biosynthetic pathway and pharmacokinetics of chalcone from the traditional Chinese medicine
licorice and provides evidence for the potential anticancer effects of chalcone and the respective
mechanisms of action. This paper also provides a basis for structural modification, biosynthesis, and
new drug development of chalcone compounds in Glycyrrhiza uralensis.
Advances in Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) based Biosensors for
Diagnosis: An Update
Authors: Ashraf Ghazala , Ahmad Tauqir , Ahmed Muhammad Zeeshan , Murtaza  , Rasmi Yousef 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have significant advantages over other candidate classes of chemo-sensory materials owing to their extraordinary structural tunability and character-istics. MOF-based biosensing is a simple and convenient method for identifying various species. Biomarkers are molecular or cellular processes that link environmental exposure to a health out-come. Biomarkers are important in understanding the links between environmental chemical expo-sure and the development of chronic diseases, as well as in identifying disease-prone subgroups. Until now, several species, including nanoparticles (NPs) and their nanocomposites, small mole-cules, and unique complex systems, have been used for the chemical sensing of biomarkers. Follow-ing the overview of the field, we discussed the various fabrication methods for MOFs development in this review. We provide a thorough overview of the previous five years of progress to broaden the scope of analytes for future research. Several enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors are offered, together with a mandatory measuring method that includes detection range and dynamic range. In addition, we reviewed the comparison of enzymatic and non-enzymatic biosensors, inventive edges, and the difficulties that need to be solved. This work might open up new possibilities for material production, sensor development, medical diagnostics, and other sensing fields.
Prediction and Experimental Evaluation of the hERG Blocking Potential
of Drugs Showing Clinical Signs of Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Slavov Svetoslav , Zhao Jinghua , Huang Ruili , Xia Menghang , Beger Richard 
Published: August 2022

Background:
A large scale experimental validation conducted at the National Center for Advancing
Translational Sciences (NCATS/NIH, USA) confirmed the predictions of our 3D-SDAR model
of hERG blockage and phospholipidosis induction. It was demonstrated that both hERG blockage and
phospholipidosis induction are driven by a common three-center toxicophore composed of two aromatic
rings and an amino group. This work extends our earlier efforts by predicting the hERG blocking potential
of pharmaceuticals from two additional datasets: i) one comprised of 106 drugs with reported clinical
signs of cardiotoxicity from the AZCERT database and ii) a dataset of 54 FDA-approved tyrosine kinase
inhibitors (TKIs).

Methods:
A bagging-like 3D-SDAR algorithm aggregating predictions from 100 randomized models was
used to predict the hERG blocking potential of all 160 drugs. All 106 drugs from the AZCERT dataset
were further evaluated for their hERG inhibition at NCATS using a thallium flux assay.

Results:
Comparison of the predicted hERG class against the results of the thallium flux qHTS assay
resulted in an overall predictive accuracy of 0.736 and the area under the ROC curve of 0.780. Factors
such as the generation of false negatives by the thallium flux assay, proximity to the cut-off, use of conformations
that may differ from the biologically relevant ones, and the lack of structurally similar compounds
in the modeling set could explain the somewhat reduced predictive performance compared to that
of the original model. The original 3D-SDAR model was also used to evaluate the TKIs ability to block
hERG. Comparing our predictions to class assignments based on IC50 values with a 30 μM cut-off, an
accuracy of 0.850, sensitivity of 0.906, and specificity of 0.625 were achieved.

Conclusion:
3D-SDAR provides a reliable platform for the prediction of hERG blockage. Particular attention
should be paid to all investigational new drugs containing our three-center hERG toxicophore,
especially those having highly flexible molecules. Particular scrutiny should be given to the tyrosine kinase
inhibitors, which represent a therapeutic class possessing all structural characteristics previously
associated with an increased potential to block hERG.
Virtual Screening of Native Variants of Focal Adhesion Kinase - A QSAR,
Molecular Docking, and Dynamic Simulation Study
Authors: Karunakar Prashantha , K.S Kiran , Prasad Suchitra Krishna , Prabhu Praneetha , Chandramohan Vivek 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytosolic tyrosine kinase that controls integrin and
growth factor signaling pathways. FAK is a promising therapeutic target for cellular adhesion-related
disorders, such as cancer.

Methods:
In this study, in silico techniques like quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), Molecular
Docking, and Dynamic Simulation were used to study the interactions between small molecules
and FAK.

Results:
The constructed QSAR model showed good statistical parameters (Q2=0.8040 and R2=0.8499),
indicating that it is stable and reliable. Based on this model, several new compounds were screened from
small molecule databases and their inhibitory activities were validated by molecular docking and molecular
dynamics simulation. Pharmacokinetic parameters were checked using in silico ADME testing.

Conclusion:
Results show that the protein-ligand complexes are stable during the simulation and are considered
potential inhibitors of Focal Adhesion Kinase.
Lemon Nutraceuticals for Management of Metabolic Syndrome Disorders:
Recent Advances
Authors: Kehinde Bababode Adesegun , Rafiq Shafiya , Adekoya Adetokunbo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The modern industrial application of lemon is significantly associated with their juicy materials obtained from the pulpy region, leaving behind a remarkable mass of by-products which are often discarded as waste. Several studies have shown that materials obtained from all handling and processing operations have substantial biological benefits based on their concomitant phytochemistry. In addition, these materials have been found suitable as raw substrates for the syntheses and manufacturing of various food-based additives. This research succinctly delineates these concepts and offers a comprehensive framework of its etymology, rich history, and overall pomology. More importantly, recently studied underlying biochemical mechanisms for the actions of lemon and its by-products for metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cancer and hypertension are technically delineated. These materials have been appraised as natural sources for nutraceuticals studied to be potential alternatives to typical synthetic pharmaceutics.
Progesterone and Treatment for Preterm Birth: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Bracamontes Katherine , Garfield Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Preterm birth (PTB) remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the
United States and worldwide. Efforts to predict and delay preterm birth have been largely unsuccessful
thus far. This paper seeks to illuminate the history and relevant discoveries regarding the role of
progesterone in the prevention of PTB, which includes maintaining quiescence of the myometrium
and counteracting cervical ripening. We will review the outcomes and methodologies of recent clinical
trials, which have led to debate over the efficacy of progesterone in delaying PTB among at-risk
women. The aim of this paper is to explore the historical and scientific basis for progestin treatments
in the prevention of PTB, briefly discuss the results of recent clinical trials, and suggest direction for
future research.