bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global update on the status of prevention of folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly in year 2020: 30‐Year anniversary of gaining knowledge about folic acid's prevention potential for neural tube defects
Authors: Kancherla Vijaya , Wagh Kaustubh , Priyadarshini Pretty , Pachón Helena , Oakley Godfrey P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpina bifida and anencephaly are major neural tube defects largely preventable through maternal periconceptional intake of folic acid. We estimated the global proportion of folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly (FAP SBA) prevented through mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal grains, including wheat flour, maize flour, and rice, at the end of year 2020, a time point marking the 30th anniversary of the publication of landmark British Medical Research Council (MRC) study providing unequivocal knowledge on folic acid's FAP SBA prevention potential.MethodsThe Food Fortification Initiative database was used to identify countries with mandatory fortification policies with folic acid added to cereal grains. We examined the status of FAP SBA prevention assuming mandatory folic acid fortification at 200 mcg/day of folic acid protects against FAP SBA and reduces their prevalence to a minimum achievable rate of 0.5 cases/1000 live births.ResultsOur analysis showed that 61,680 FAP SBA cases were prevented in the year 2020 through mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal grains in 58 countries, translating to 22% prevention of total possible FAP SBA prevention globally. Many countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe are yet to implement fortification. In 2020, 30 years after the MRC study was published, 218,270 preventable FAP SBA cases still occurred globally.ConclusionGlobal prevention efforts for FAP SBA are inadequate even after three decades of knowledge on their prevention. Universal mandatory fortification of staples should be urgently implemented to prevent thousands of FAP SBA and associated elective terminations, stillbirths, and child mortality.
Prevalence of congenital heart defects in Europe, 2008–2015: A registry‐based study
Authors: Mamasoula Chrysovalanto , Addor Marie‐Claude , Carbonell Clara Cavero , Dias Carlos M. , Echevarría‐González‐de‐Garibay Luis‐Javier , Gatt Miriam , Khoshnood Babak , Klungsoyr Kari , Randall Kay , Stoianova Sylvia , Haeusler Martin , Nelen Vera , Neville Amanda J. , Perthus Isabelle , Pierini Anna , Bertaut‐Nativel Bénédicte , Rissmann Anke , Rouget Florence , Schaub Bruno , Tucker David , Wellesley Diana , Zymak‐Zakutnia Natalya , Barisic Ingeborg , de Walle Hermien E. K. , Lanzoni Monica , Mullaney Carmel , Pennington Lindsay , Rankin Judith 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe total prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) varies by populations and over time. Studies that examine trends in the prevalence of CHD in different regions may shed light on our understanding of the occurrence of CHD and the impact of different risk factors.ObjectivesTo examine trends in total and live birth prevalence of nonsyndromic CHD in Europe between the years 2008 and 2015 and to investigate if the decreasing trend reported by previous studies is continuing.MethodsCases of CHD delivered between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2015 notified to 25 population‐based EUROCAT (European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies) registries in 14 countries, formed the population‐based case‐series. Prevalence (total/live) rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated as the number of cases per 10,000 births (live and stillbirths). Time trends in prevalence of all nonsyndromic CHDs and for three CHD severity groups (very severe, severe, and less severe) were plotted using a Poisson regression multilevel approach.ResultsThe total prevalence of nonsyndromic CHD was 57.1 per 10,000 births (live births and stillbirths) for the 8‐year period and remained stable across the three CHD severity groups while the live birth prevalence was 60.2 per 10,000 births. There was considerable variation in the reported total CHD prevalence and the direction of trends by registry. A decreasing prevalence of CHD was observed for the Norway and England/Wales registries, whereas the CHD prevalence increased for registries in Italy and Croatia.ConclusionsThe total prevalence of CHD in Europe between the years 2008 and 2015 remained stable for all CHD and across the three CHD severity groups. The decreasing trend reported by previous studies has not continued. However, we found significant differences in the total and live birth prevalence by registry.
Analysis of incidence data in developmental toxicity studies: Statistical tests to account for litter effects in fetal defect data
Authors: Harris Shawn F. , McBride Sandra J. , Smith Marjolein V. , Cunny Helen C. , Shockley Keith R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen analyzing fetal defect incidence in laboratory animal studies, correlation in responses within litters (i.e., litter effects) can lead to increased false‐positive rates if litter effects are not incorporated into the analysis. Studies of fetal defects require analysis methods that are robust across a broad range of defect types, including those with zero or near‐zero incidence rates in control groups.MethodsA simulation study compared power and false‐positive rates for six approaches across a range of background defect rates and litter size distributions. Statistical methods evaluated included ignoring the litter effect as well as parametric and nonparametric approaches based on litter proportions, generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), the Rao–Scott Cochran–Armitage (RSCA) trend test, and a modification to the RSCA (mRSCA) introduced here to improve estimation at low background rates. These methods were also applied to a common and a rare defect from two prenatal developmental toxicology studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP).ResultsAt background defect rates of 1%, the mRSCA and parametric litter proportion methods provided gains in power over the nonparametric litter proportion method, the GLMM method, and the RSCA method. Simulations involving litter loss in high‐dose groups showed loss of power for both litter proportion methods.ConclusionsThe mRSCA test developed here compares favorably with other litter‐based approaches and is robust across a range of background defect rates and litter size distributions, making it a practical choice for prenatal developmental toxicology studies involving both common and rare fetal defects.
Using concurrent reinforcement schedules and prompts to produce varied manding: A replication of Seaver and Bourret (2020)
Authors: Seaver Jonathan P. , Kelly Michelle P. , Murray Clodagh M. , Baruni Rasha R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests are displayed by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Given this, individuals with ASD may engage with a limited variety of reinforcers. Treatments designed to modify the distribution of manding may allow individuals to contact a broad array of reinforcers that could improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD (Seaver & Bourret, 2020). The purpose of the current study was to replicate the results of Seaver and Bourret (2020) by evaluating the effects of manipulating concurrent schedules of reinforcement, alone and with prompts, on the rates of target manding in three boys with ASD, aged 7–9 years, in the United Arab Emirates. All three participants showed increased target manding following intervention. The findings support the use of concurrent reinforcement schedules and prompts as an effective intervention to produce varied manding.
Acceptability and feasibility of using avatar‐based virtual world software as an adjunct to clinical interventions, training, and reflective practice in a medium secure setting: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Mason Katy , Bicknell Sarah , Kreutzer Ernest , Wood Ashleigh , Hurlow Jonathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRelationships are at the core of recovery, particularly in secure services where patients have usually had difficulties with authority figures and can have mentalisation deficits. Early indications are that avatar‐based virtual world software may help facilitate communication and emotional expression.AimsTo establish the feasibility of using avatar‐based virtual world software in a medium secure hospital, adjunctive to standard staff‐patient interactions during clinical interventions and staff activities including reflective practice and training; to explore patient, staff participant and facilitator experiences using it.MethodsUse of the software was offered across an 89‐bedded unit as an optional adjunct to clinical interventions, reflective practice and training sessions. Qualitative data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Volunteer sampling was used. Five patients volunteered and were matched with an equal number of staff facilitators and participants.ResultsEighty four sessions were completed using the avatar software with between 1 and 11 participant(s) per session, totalling 347 participant sessions. No adverse events occurred relatable to the sessions. An overarching theme of ‘adding value’ emerged, encompassing subthemes such as ‘concrete visual presence and imagery’, ‘mentalisation processes’ and ‘enhanced focus, depth and problem solving’. Experiences of added value were affected by moderators which were ‘power and relationship dynamics’, the ‘ability to use software’, ‘practical processes’ and ‘literacy’.ConclusionsAvatar software is feasible to implement, acceptable to patients and staff and may offer an opportunity to aid mentalisation and reflection. By definition, everyone engaging in this study was a volunteer, even an enthusiast, so it would now be useful to extend evaluation to those who need some encouragement to use avatar software. Research to quantify benefits and establish the cost impact is now indicated, as our findings show it may offer a novel way of connecting with hard‐to‐reach patient groups.
Effect of substitution of sugar with xylitol and maltitol on characteristics and quality of cakes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davoudi Mahshad , Damroudi Yasamin , Afsharnia Reyhane , Vanin Fernanda M. , Javanmardi Fardin , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBakery products have the highest amount of sugar among food products. The cake is known as one of the most popular bakery products. Therefore, substituting sugar in cakes can be one of the ways to reduce product energy and prevent weight gain. In this study, comprehensive research was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing sugar with xylitol and maltitol on the quality of cakes. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts databases, were searched to find related studies.FindingA total of 617 articles were collected from different databases, and after checking with inclusion criteria, finally, 10 articles were included for meta‐analysis.ConclusionDue to different percentages of xylitol and maltitol being used to replace sucrose in different studies, the studies were combined in subgroups with different replacement percentages. No significant difference was observed in most subgroups due to replacing sucrose with maltitol and xylitol.Significance and NoveltyThese results show that xylitol and maltitol have the same characteristics as sucrose, and their substitution in the cake does not cause a significant difference in the characteristics of the cake.
Complexation Preferences of Dynamic Constitutional Frameworks as Adaptive Gene Vectors
Authors: Su Dan‐Dan , Gervais Virginie , Ulrich Sébastien , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe growing applications of therapeutic nucleic acids requires the concomitant development of vectors that are optimized to complex one type of nucleic acid, forming nanoparticles suitable for further trafficking and delivery. While fine‐tuning a vector by molecular engineering to obtain a particular nanoscale organization at the nanoparticle level can be a challenging endeavor, we turned the situation around and instead screened the complexation preferences of dynamic constitutional frameworks toward different types of DNAs. Dynamic constitutional frameworks (DCF) are recently‐identified vectors by our group that can be prepared in a versatile manner through dynamic covalent chemistry. Herein, we designed and synthesized 40 new DCFs that vary in hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, number of cationic headgroups. The results of DNA complexation obtained through gel electrophoresis and fluorescent displacement assays reveal binding preferences of different DCFs toward different DNAs. The formation of compact spherical architectures with an optimal diameter of 100–200 nm suggests that condensation into nanoparticles is more effective for longer PEG chains and PEI groups that induce a better binding performance in the presence of DNA targets.
A Triazolium‐Anchored Self‐Immolative Linker Enables Self‐Assembly‐Driven siRNA Binding and Esterase‐Induced Release
Authors: Hollstein Selina , Ali Lamiaa M. A. , Coste Maëva , Vogel Julian , Bettache Nadir , Ulrich Sébastien , von Delius Max 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe increased importance of RNA‐based therapeutics comes with a need to develop next‐generation stimuli‐responsive systems capable of binding, transporting and releasing RNA oligomers. In this work, we describe triazolium‐based amphiphiles capable of siRNA binding and enzyme‐responsive release of the nucleic acid payload. In aqueous medium, the amphiphile self‐assembles into nanocarriers that can disintegrate upon the addition of esterase. Key to the molecular design is a self‐immolative linker that is anchored to the triazolium moiety and acts as a positively‐charged polar head group. We demonstrate that addition of esterase leads to a degradation cascade of the linker, leaving the neutral triazole compound unable to form complexes and therefore releasing the negatively‐charged siRNA. The reported molecular design and overall approach may have broad utility beyond this proof‐of‐principle study, because the underlying CuAAC “click” chemistry allows bringing together three groups very efficiently as well as cleaving off one of the three groups under the mild action of an esterase enzyme.
Causal risk factors for asthma in Mendelian randomization studies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mikkelsen Heidi , Landt Eskild Morten , Benn Marianne , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne , Dahl Morten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral risk factors for asthma have been proposed; however, the causality of these associations is sometimes unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful epidemiological approach that can help elucidate the causality of risk factors. The aim of the present study was to identify causal risk factors for asthma through Mendelian Randomization studies.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted, to identify studies investigating risk factors for asthma or respiratory allergies through Mendelian Randomization. When two or more studies investigated the same risk factor a meta‐analysis was conducted. Of 239 studies initially identified, 41 were included.ResultsA causal association between adiposity and adult asthma risk was found in 10 out of 12 studies with a summary risk ratio of 1.05 per kg/m2increase in BMI (95% CI: 1.03–1.07). Puberty timing (n = 3), alcohol (n = 2), and linoleic acid (n = 1) had causal effects on asthma risk, while vitamins/minerals (n = 6) showed no consistent effect on asthma. The effect of smoking on adult asthma conflicted between studies. Several of the significant associations of asthma with immune related proteins (n = 5) and depression (n = 2) investigated through multiple traits analyses could generally benefit from replications in independent datasets.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis found evidence for causal effects of adiposity, puberty timing, linoleic acid, alcohol, immune related proteins, and depression on risk of asthma.
Immune scoring model based on immune cell infiltration to predict prognosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Yang Jincai , Yu Lili , Man Jianchen , Chen Huiling , Zhou Lanxia , Zhao Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is genetically heterogeneous in both pathogenesis and clinical symptoms. Most studies on tumor prognosis have not fully considered the role of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. This study focused on the role of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells in the prognosis of DLBCL.MethodsThe GSE10846 data set from the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Gene Expression Omnibus was used as the training set, and the GSE53786 data set was used as the validation set. The proportion of immune cells in each sample was calculated with the CIBERSORT algorithm using R software. After 10 immune cells were screened out (activated memory CD4 positive T cells, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, gamma‐delta T cells, activated natural killer cells, M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting dendritic cells, and eosinophils) by univariate Cox analysis, Lasso regression and random forest sampling analyses were performed, the intersecting immune cells were selected for multifactor Cox analysis, and a predictive model was constructed combined with clinical information. Predictive performance was assessed using survival analysis and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsIn total, 539 samples were included in this study, and samples with p < .05 were retained using CIBERSORT. Univariate Cox analysis yielded 10 cell types that were associated with overall survival. Two kinds of immune cells were obtained by Lasso regression combined with the random forest method and were used to construct a prognostic model combined with clinical information. The reliability of the model was validated in two data sets.ConclusionsThe immune cell‐based prediction model constructed by the authors can effectively predict the prognostic outcome of patients with DLBCL, whereas nomogram plots can help clinicians assess the probability of long‐term survival.
A multidisciplinary pediatric oncofertility team improves fertility preservation and counseling across 7 years
Authors: Ligon John A. , Hayashi Masanori , Ciampa Devon , Kramer Cara , Guastella Alfredo , Fuchs Robert J. , Herati Amin S. , Christianson Mindy S. , Chen Allen R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundOncofertility is a developing field of increasing importance, particularly in pediatric oncology, where most patients are likely to survive long‐term and have not yet had the opportunity to have children.AimsWe performed a quality improvement initiative to increase our rates of fertility preservation counseling and referral through the implementation of a pediatric oncofertility team, and we report outcomes 7 years following implementation of our initiative.Methods and resultsWe compare our baseline oncofertility survey to 44 post‐intervention survey respondents and electronic medical record documentation for 149 patients treated in 2019. Ninety‐five percent of post‐intervention survey respondents recalled fertility counseling (baseline 70%, p = .004) and 89.3% were appropriately referred for fertility preservation (baseline 50%, p = .017). Counseling was documented in 60.4% of charts; 81% of patients analyzed by chart review were appropriately referred for fertility preservation. Fertility preservation outcomes differed by sex assigned at birth.ConclusionCreation of an oncofertility team produced improvements in fertility counseling and fertility preservation referral across an extended period of time.
Dynamical and Mechanical Insights into the Li(2S)+ HCl() Reaction: A Detailed Quantum Wavepacket Study
Authors: Yeswanth Kumar Santhakumar , Padmanaban Ramanathan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantum wave packet dynamics of the Li(2S)+HCl(
) reaction in its electronic ground state is studied. The initial state‐selected and energy‐resolved dynamical attributes such as reaction probability, integral cross section, and thermal rate constant for the Cl‐abstraction and H‐abstraction pathways are reported. All partial wave contributions of J up to 120 were found to be necessary for the title reaction up to the collision energy of ∼1.0 eV. The dynamical results reveal that the Cl‐abstraction is more favored over the H‐abstraction for the different rovibrational (v, j) excitations. Due to the existence of an early barrier in the potential energy surface, the cross sections increase with increasing collision energy. The rate constants also monotonously increase with temperature for both channels. Resonances are identified and characterized in terms of eigenfunctions and lifetimes. Nearly 120 well‐resolved eigenstates are reported for the LiHCl complex, and they are categorized as van der Waals (vdW), barrier and product states according to the nodal progressions along (R, r, γ). The vdW resonances reveal a local‐mode behavior of quasibound type at low energies and extended progressions at high energies. Further, the single‐quantized periodic orbit type is also observed in the barrier region, which decays very fast. Finally, the lifetime analysis reveals that the vdW resonances can survive as long as ∼2.2 ps, which is much longer than the lifetime of the resonances in the barrier region.
Development of a Mg/O ReaxFF Potential to describe the Passivation Processes in Magnesium‐Ion Batteries**
Authors: Fiesinger Florian , Gaissmaier Daniel , van den Borg Matthias , Beßner Julian , van Duin Adri C. T. , Jacob Timo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne of the key challenges preventing the breakthrough of magnesium‐ion batteries (MIB) is the formation of a passivating boundary layer at the Mg anode. To describe the initial steps of Mg anode degradation by O2 impurities, a Mg/O ReaxFF (force field for reactive systems) parameter set was developed capable of accurately modeling the bulk, surface, adsorption, and diffusion properties of metallic Mg and the salt MgO. It is shown that O2 immediately dissociates upon first contact with the Mg anode (modeled as Mg(0001), Mg(10
0)A, and Mg(10
1)), heating the surface to several 1000 K. The high temperature assists the further oxidation and forms a rock salt interphase intersected by several grain boundaries. Among the Mg surface terminations, Mg(10
0)A is the most reactive, forming an MgO layer with a thickness of up to 25 Å. The trained force field can be used to model the ongoing reactions in Mg–air batteries but also to study the oxidation of magnesium metal in general.