bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of compact FSS‐integrated flexible monopole antenna for body area communication applications
Authors: Sugumaran Bashyam , Balasubramanian Ramachandran , Palaniswamy Sandeep Kumar 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThis article presents a compact wearable antenna integrated with a novel frequency selective surface (FSS) made of textile materials. The antenna can be applied in wearable health monitoring applications aimed at the 2.45‐GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. An array of 4 × 4 octagonal slot‐shaped FSS (106 × 106 mm2) superstrate enhances the performance of the modified Koch curve planar monopole antenna (44.85 × 39 mm2). The Jeans substrate prototype with the overall dimensions of 1.128λ0 × 1.128λ0 × 0.319λ0 covers the bandwidth of 2.45‐GHz ISM band from 2.24 to 2.76 GHz (S11 ≤ −10 dB). The band rejection and reflective nature of the proposed FSS suppress the back radiation and improves the antenna's gain by −20 dB and 6.3 dBi, respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) level is reduced to 0.445 W/kg from 24.995 W/kg with a higher reduction rate of 98.21%. Many literature reports produced higher gain and lower SAR but exhibited reduced efficiency when the antenna is placed near the human body. The wearable antenna's frequency response tends to vary under bending conditions for narrowband antennas. Wide‐band monopole antennas produce omnidirectional radiation pattern which tends to affect human body tissues. So stable polarization‐insensitive FSS is placed behind the antenna to enhance the antenna's gain and avoid back radiation. The proposed antenna exhibits stable performance under bending conditions with fractional bandwidth of 22.2%, gain of 8.83 dBi, and produces a better efficiency of 91.30% when the antenna is positioned in the vicinity with human body models. The experimental validation shows that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for wireless body area networks.
Biologics and small molecule inhibitors for hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Shih Terri , De Devea R. , Shi Vivian Y. , Hsiao Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating, chronic inflammatory dermatosis that is often recalcitrant to first‐line treatments. Though mechanisms underlying its pathology remain unclear, a number of upregulated inflammatory cytokines (including tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], interleukin [IL]‐1, IL‐17, IL‐12, and IL‐23) have been identified in HS, leading to a growing investigation of targeted biologic therapies in moderate‐to‐severe HS.ObjectiveWe aim to review the current literature on biologics and small molecule inhibitors that have been used to treat HS and discuss mechanisms of action, dosing, safety considerations, and recommendations for use.FindingsBiologics that have been reported to treat HS include TNF‐α inhibitors (adalimumab, infliximab, golimumab, and certolizumab), IL‐1 inhibitors (anakinra and canakinumab), IL‐12/23 inhibitor (ustekinumab), IL‐23 inhibitors (guselkumab, risankizumab, and tildrakizumab), IL‐17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab), and small molecule inhibitors (tofacitinib and sirolimus). Though adalimumab is currently the only FDA‐approved agent to treat HS, those who do not have an optimal response may still benefit from a different anti‐TNF agent, particularly high dose infliximab. A number of other targeted treatments have also shown promising results in small prospective studies for consideration in HS patients. Additional considerations in biologic therapy include mitigating patient concerns about injection reactions and choosing agents that may also treat comorbid conditions.ConclusionThis review summarizes the current literature on the use of biologics and small molecule inhibitors in HS. There remains a significant and continued need to expand the treatment armamentarium for moderate to severe HS
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to chemometrics for analysis of carbon dots in nanoparticles mixtures
Authors: Oliveira Levi , Arroyave Manuel , Pistonesi Marcelo F. , Fragoso Wallace , Springer Valeria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince their discovery in 2004, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted attention due to their intrinsic physicochemical properties and the easy synthesis from simple precursors. However, quantification of CDs in mixtures of nanoparticles with similar sizes and surface functionality is still a challenging issue for research applications or regulatory purposes. In this work, CDs and silver nanoparticles were first synthesized under alkaline conditions by using glucose as precursor and capping agent, respectively. Mixtures of these nanoparticles were made at micromolar range, without purification, and then analyzed by CE–DAD, using an electrolyte solution composed of 20 mM sodium borate and 20 mM SDS at pH 8.5, in a total time of <15 min. The three‐way electrophoretic data were then decomposed by advanced chemometric models, parallel factor analysis and multivariate curve resolution–alternating least‐squares. The explained variances for both models were 95.8% (parallel factor analysis) and 85.3% (multivariate curve resolution–alternating least‐squares). In both cases, the quality of the results was verified by the root mean square standard deviation coefficient variation, which resulted lower than 5%, and no significant bias was observed at 95% of statistical confidence. Satisfactory prediction for CDs concentration was obtained with recovery values between 80.0% and 115%.
Simultaneous fault diagnosis based on multiple kernel support vector machine in nonlinear dynamic distillation column
Authors: Taqvi Syed Ali Ammar , Zabiri Haslinda , Uddin Fahim , Naqvi Muhammad , Tufa Lemma Dendena , Kazmi Majida , Rubab Saddaf , Naqvi Salman Raza , Maulud Abdulhalim Shah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough numerous works have been done, most of the studies in fault diagnosis are limited to single fault type at a time. Majority of the works reported in the literature do not extend the diagnosis of the root cause of the fault for simultaneous faults specifically in the distillation column. However, an industrial system is susceptible to more than one fault at a time, which may or may not be interrelated. These faults not only reduce the diagnosis performance but also increase the computational complexity of the diagnosis algorithm. In this work, therefore, a multiple kernel support vector machine (MK‐SVM) algorithm is proposed to diagnose simultaneous faults in the distillation column. In the developed MK‐SVM algorithm, multilabel approach based on various kernel functions has been utilized for the classification of simultaneous faults. Dynamic simulation of a pilot‐scale distillation column using Aspen Plus® is used for generating data in normal and faulty operation. Eight different fault types are considered, including valve sticking at reflux and reboiler, tray upsets, loss of feed flow, feed composition, and feed temperature changes. In the classification of simultaneous faults, a combination of two, three, and four faults is introduced for the performance evaluation of the proposed MK‐SVM algorithm. The result showed that the proposed MK‐SVM has a high fault detection rate (FDR) of 99.51% and a very low misclassification rate (MR) of 0.49%. The MK‐SVM–based classification is better with the F1 score of >97% for all combinations of faults. Moreover, it is observed that the proposed MK‐SVM shows better fault diagnosis for single, multiple, and simultaneous faults as compared to other established machine‐learning algorithms.
Effect of electrospraying conditions on the properties of aspalathin‐Eudragit S100 nanoparticles and assessment of orogastrointestinal stability and membrane permeability
Authors: Human Chantelle , De Beer Dalene , Bowles Sandra , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAspalathin, a C‐glucosyl dihydrochalcone, could have beneficial effects in the gut through the modulation of the microbiome. However, aspalathin is susceptible to oxidative degradation. The effect of electrospraying conditions on encapsulation of an aspalathin‐rich fraction prepared from green rooibos (GRAF; 40% aspalathin, m/m) with Eudragit S100 (ES100), a pH‐sensitive release polymer, was investigated to enhance the stability of aspalathin. Electrospraying conditions were varied according to a central composite design, using ES100 concentrations of 1–6% (m/m), GRAF concentrations of 5–25% (m/m, relative to polymer concentration), and voltages of 10–25 kV. The varying conditions produced nanoparticles ranging in yield (60.3–83.7%), encapsulation efficiency, (20.5–81.8%), loading capacity (1.0–14.9%), particle size (183–260 nm), and polydispersity index (0.35–0.74). The GRAF nanoparticles and nanoparticles prepared with pure aspalathin were evaluated for stability and release of aspalathin at fixed pH–time combinations (pH 6.8, 5 min; pH 2, 120 min; pH 4, 60 min; and pH 7, 120 min), simulating the pH and residence/transit time at various locations of the orogastrointestinal tract. Nanoencapsulation decreased aspalathin degradation at all pH‐time combinations (1.9–2.7 times less degradation; p < 0.05), except for pH 7, 120 min (p ≥ 0.05), thus offering protection from the pH of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay and the Caco‐2 monolayer model indicated that the low membrane permeability of aspalathin after nanoencapsulation was maintained that would limit absorption, ideal for delivery in the gut. Thus, nanoencapsulated aspalathin holds potential for the regulation of gut microbiota.
Effect of processing technology on chemical, sensory, and consumers' hedonic rating of seven olive oil varieties
Authors: Ben‐Hassine Kaouther , Taamalli Amani , Rezig Leila , Yangui Islem , Benincasa Cinzia , Malouche Dhafer , Kamoun Naziha , Mnif Wissem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study established physicochemical and sensory characteristics of virgin olive oils (VOOs) and linked them to consumers’ liking using external preference mapping. We used five Tunisian and two foreign VOO varieties produced by two processing systems: discontinuous (sp) and continuous three‐phase decanter (3p). The samples were analyzed and evaluated by a panel of 274 consumers. The external preference mapping revealed five VOO clusters with a consumer preference scores rating from 40% to 65%. Consumers highly appreciated the foreign Coratina cultivar's olive oil; the main drivers being richness in polyphenols (markers of bitterness and pungency), mainly the oleuropein aglycone, and volatile compounds (markers of green fruity, green leaves, green apple, cut grassy almond, and bitterness), particularly the trans‐2‐hexenol. The Tunisian Chemlali (3p) oil was second highly preferred (scoring 55%). The positive drivers for olive oil preference (a profile of almond fruity green and low bitterness and pungency) are the richness in hexanal compounds. Arbequina (sp and 3p) and Chemlali (sp) were the least appreciated due to the fact that Arbequina VOO is not in the tradition of Tunisian consumers, whereas Chemchali VOO is a minor variety representing only 2% of olive oil production in Tunisia and consumed mostly in blends. The differentiation between the two processing systems depends on the variety of cultivar; consumers are able to identify the two processing system in the case of Chetoui, Leguim, and Chemchali.
Determinants of underweight among children aged 0–23 months in Tanzania
Authors: Moshi Cypriana Cyprian , Sebastian Penina Joseph , Mushumbusi Devotha Gabriel , Azizi Kaunara Ally , Meghji Wessy Pirbhai , Kitunda Malimi Emmanuel , Kasankala Ladislaus Manaku 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderweight is the most dependable growth indicator for overall child growth. Tanzania has the highest rate of underweight children in East Africa, with 1.27 million children under the age of five suffering from the condition. This study aimed to determine factors that influence underweight in Tanzanian children aged 0–23 months. We used data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2015–2016 to conduct secondary analysis on a sample of 4,327 children aged 0–23 months. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, chi‐square, binary, and multivariate logistic regression were performed using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS version 25). Statistical significance was defined as a p‐value of less than 0.05. Multivariate analysis found risk factors for underweight children were as follows: child's gender, age, birth weight, mothers' BMI, level of education, and type of toilet facility used by the households. Females had a significantly lower risk of being underweight (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48–0.81, p < .05) compared with male children. The odds of being underweight increase with low birth weight (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.92–4.43, p < .05), low mother's BMI (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.34–4.58, p < .05), and low educational level (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.23–2.58, p < .05). Nutrition interventions such as growth monitoring, nutrition counseling, and nutrition education for parents/caregivers are critical to ensuring proper weight gain for all children under 2 years of age.
Developing an affordable hyperspectral imaging system for rapid identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products
Authors: Unger Phoebe , Sekhon Amninder Singh , Chen Xiongzhi , Michael Minto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this foundational study was to develop and evaluate the efficacy of an affordable hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system to identify single and mixed strains of foodborne pathogens in dairy products. This study was designed as a completely randomized design with three replications. Three strains each of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated either as single or mixed strains with the HSI system in growth media and selected dairy products (whole milk, and cottage and cheddar cheeses). Test samples from freshly prepared single or mixed strains of pathogens in growth media or inoculated dairy products were streaked onto selective media (PALCAM and/or Sorbitol MacConkey agar) for isolation. An isolated colony was selected and mixed with 1 ml of HPLC grade water, vortexed for 1 min, and spread over a microscope slide. Images were captured at 2000× magnification on the built HSI system at wavelengths ranging from 400 nm to 1100 nm with 5‐nm band intervals. For each image, three cells were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) to obtain hyperspectral signatures of respective bacteria. Reference pathogen libraries were created using growth media, and then test pathogenic cells were classified by their hyperspectral signatures as either L. monocytogenes or E. coli O157:H7 using k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) and cross‐validation technique in R‐software. With the implementation of kNN (k = 3), overall classification accuracies of 58.97% and 61.53% were obtained for E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes, respectively.
Functional connectome mediates the association between sleep disturbance and mental health in preadolescence: A longitudinal mediation study
Authors: Yang Fan Nils , Liu Tina Tong , Wang Ze 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSleep disturbance is known to be associated with various mental disorders and often precedes the onset of mental disorders in youth. Given the increasingly acknowledged bidirectional influence between sleep disturbance and mental disorders, we aim to identify a shared neural mechanism that underlies sleep disturbance and mental disorders in preadolescents. We analyzed a dataset of 9,350 9–10 year‐old children, among whom 8,845 had 1‐year follow‐up data, from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Linear mixed‐effects models, mediation analysis, and longitudinal mediation analysis were used to investigate the relationship between sleep disturbance, mental disorders, and resting‐state network connectivity. Out of 186 unique connectivities, the effect of total sleep disturbance (TSP, from Sleep Disturbance Scale) and mental problems (MP, from Child Behavior Checklist) converged in the default mode network (DMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN). Within‐ and between‐network connectivities (DMN‐DAN, DMN‐DMN, DAN‐DAN) mediated the relationship between baseline TSD and MP at 1‐year follow‐up and the relationship between baseline MP and TSD at 1‐year follow‐up. The pathway model in which sleep disturbance and mental problems affect each other through two anticorrelated brain networks (DMN and DAN) suggests a common neural mechanism between them. Longitudinally, a less segregated DMN and DAN is associated with negative outcomes on mental well‐being and sleep disturbance a year later. These findings have important implications for the design of prevention and neurofeedback intervention for mental disorders and sleep problems.
In vitro bioactivity of 3D microstructure hydroxyapatite/collagen based‐egg white as an antibacterial agent
Authors: Patty Diana Julaidy , Nugraheni Ari Dwi , Ana Ika Dewi , Yusuf Yusril 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to design 3D scaffold hydroxyapatite (HA)/collagen (Coll) based egg‐white (EW) as antibacterial properties. The calcium source in HA synthesis derived from the Pinctada maxima shell cultivated on Bali Island has proven biocompatibility, and the compressive strength exceeded human bone. HA synthesis by precipitation with heat treatment in oven‐dried at 80°C (HA‐80) and annealed at 900°C (HA‐900), has crystallinity 48% and 85%, respectively, were used for scaffold design. The physicochemical properties of X‐ray diffractometer spectra showed that increasing temperature affected the crystallinity and HA phase formed. Furthermore, the crystal structure of HA changed in nanocomposite due to the substitution of Coll and EW, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirmed that the absorption peak of the phosphate group (1027–1029 cm−1) decreased intensity, presumably by protein binding of EW and Coll. The cell viability of HA/Coll/EW in 24, 48, and 72 h incubation period was 112.34 ± 4.36, 104.89 ± 3.41, 72.88 ± 6.85, respectively. The decreases of cell viability due to high cell density and reduced nutrients in wells. Antibacterial activity of HA/Col/EW exhibited a strong zone of inhibition against bacteria causing periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Staphylococcus aureus.
In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo
Authors: Yates Abi G. , Pink Ryan C. , Erdbrügger Uta , Siljander Pia R‐M. , Dellar Elizabeth R. , Pantazi Paschalia , Akbar Naveed , Cooke William R. , Vatish Manu , Dias‐Neto Emmanuel , Anthony Daniel C. , Couch Yvonne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPreviously thought to be nothing more than cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now known to mediate physiological and pathological functions throughout the body. We now understand more about their capacity to transfer nucleic acids and proteins between distant organs, the interaction of their surface proteins with target cells, and the role of vesicle‐bound lipids in health and disease. To date, most observations have been made in reductionist cell culture systems, or as snapshots from patient cohorts. The heterogenous population of vesicles produced in vivo likely act in concert to mediate both beneficial and detrimental effects. EVs play crucial roles in both the pathogenesis of diseases, from cancer to neurodegenerative disease, as well as in the maintenance of system and organ homeostasis. This two‐part review draws on the expertise of researchers working in the field of EV biology and aims to cover the functional role of EVs in physiology and pathology. Part I will outline the role of EVs in normal physiology.
In sickness and in health: The functional role of extracellular vesicles in physiology and pathology in vivo
Authors: Yates Abi G. , Pink Ryan C. , Erdbrügger Uta , Siljander Pia R‐M. , Dellar Elizabeth R. , Pantazi Paschalia , Akbar Naveed , Cooke William R. , Vatish Manu , Dias‐Neto Emmanuel , Anthony Daniel C. , Couch Yvonne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is clear from Part I of this series that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis of most, if not all, normal physiological systems. However, the majority of our knowledge about EV signalling has come from studying them in disease. Indeed, EVs have consistently been associated with propagating disease pathophysiology. The analysis of EVs in biofluids, obtained in the clinic, has been an essential of the work to improve our understanding of their role in disease. However, to interfere with EV signalling for therapeutic gain, a more fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which they contribute to pathogenic processes is required. Only by discovering how the EV populations in different biofluids change—size, number, and physicochemical composition—in clinical samples, may we then begin to unravel their functional roles in translational models in vitro and in vivo, which can then feedback to the clinic. In Part II of this review series, the functional role of EVs in pathology and disease will be discussed, with a focus on in vivo evidence and their potential to be used as both biomarkers and points of therapeutic intervention.
More questions than answers: Interrogating restricted access in the archives
Authors: Butcher Kacie Lucchini 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study is a reflective piece that grew out of the Archival Kismet Conference in April of 2021. What happens when you find your “archival kismet”—the document that is essential to your research—and it is restricted? In conjunction with archival silences, how do these restrictions affect our ability to understand the past? I begin with these questions and use two case studies to challenge and complicate the practice of restricted access in archives. Using a dialogic approach, I provide a set of questions and considerations groups can use to begin to probe materials with archival restrictions. I urge a reflective and collaborative approach between archivists, public historians, and community to re‐evaluate the practice of archival restrictions.