bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial sensitivity analysis of small lodging establishments during COVID-19
Authors: Kizildag Murat , Weinland Jeffrey Thomas , Demirer Ilhan 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe main stance of this paper is to draw an authentic and rigorous outlook in terms of the financial and operational performance of small lodging establishments (SLEs) and put forth achievable and practical economic solutions that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of the adopted measures. This paper also suggests practical solutions to help minimize SLEs' financial vulnerability to long-term crisis and to boost their resilience with relative measures by applying recovery revival strategies for this particular segment of the lodging industry.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have picked a locally owned resort hotel in Central Florida area and structured a real-life, case study-based inductive approach that is purposeful and offers rich economic outlook and analysis for the entire lodging industry, especially for the resort-hotel type of accommodation facilities. The main reason for why they only focus on one company is that they can fully understand the financial effects of COVID-19 on resort type of hotels and layout countering strategies. To achieve paper objectives, they have implemented cost–benefit (C–B), break-even (B-E) analyses along with a sensitivity testing approach.FindingsThe most striking result was that during the state-mandated shutdown period in 2020, overhead and overall operational costs associated with room sales and revenues were very high during this period that shrank the contribution margin ratio for rooms CMRw (room) and eventually yielded high sales volumes to be achieved at the B-E points vs lower sales volumes with almost the same average daily rate (ADR) levels needed for the B-E levels.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should specifically delve further into a portfolio of SLEs in the region or state or nation wise because the units comprising the SLEs might be too small to muster the changes required to bounce forward for the entire lodging industry in the world.Practical implicationsThe resort's revenue re-optimization focus should center on financial re-benchmarking and business re-viability stress under different levels of shock scenarios. According to the different scenarios and calibrations for the ADRs, room nights, net present values (NPVs) of cash flows and profit margins derived from our main analyses, minimizing expenses and preserving cash would be the best key strategy for financial recovery during an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueIt is obvious that the lodging, hospitality and tourism industry are the hardest-hit industries by the harsh and adverse effects of COVID-19. The effects of pandemic are differently shaped on operations in different industries and subsectors. Therefore, the operational and financial evaluation for the SLEs as the core and a catalyst in the entire lodging industry can shed a light on the strategic financial recovery procedures with broadly applicable real-life and endogenous capabilities and reasoning.
Access and equity: what do we know about government primary school students' remote learning experience during school closures in Bangladesh?
Authors: Mousumi Manjuma Akhtar 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe study explores government primary school students' remote learning experience during school closures due to COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews were employed for data collection. The study used a snowball sampling procedure to select 24 participants.FindingsThis study shows that students experienced setbacks in learning due to not having access to resources. Besides, online classes were expensive as they were not able to buy devices, internet package and other resources to participate in the remote classes. Since many students were unable to access digital media and get parental and teacher support for education, students' engagement in learning was very low. Moreover, the paucity of learning due to school closures has lowered students' motivation for learning. The study also contributed to understanding children's emotional attachment with the schools and how the closure affected their well-being. The results indicate that the students, teachers and parents did not have a positive experience with remote teaching–learning and the modalities did not contribute to continuing with meaningful learning.Originality/valueThe remote learning experience shared in this study can be used to inform policymakers, educators and stakeholders exploring remote learning solutions in low-resource contexts. This study contributes to understanding the skills and competencies teachers require to support children's learning during any crisis.
Bouncing between screens: social TV and Brazilian NBA audience
Authors: de Souza-Leão André Luiz Maranhão , Moura Bruno Melo , Carneiro-Leão Fernando Sacic 
Published: November 2022

PurposeSports leagues have stood out in the entertainment industry due to their great economic value and cultural impact. This is the case of the American sports leagues, with emphasis on the National Basketball Association (NBA), whose largest Latin American market lies on Brazil. The aforementioned league’s audience is constantly growing, a fact that can be partially explained by the encouragement provided for its viewers to interact through social media, in a phenomenon called social TV. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to investigate how social TV works as a means for Brazilian fans to coproduce their NBA broadcasting enjoyment through social media interactions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a netnography on the community of fans engaged in Twitter hashtag #NBAnaESPN, which was released by ESPN to promote audience integration during NBA games' broadcasting.FindingsA theorization about the role played by social TV in the way fan culture articulates through social media to enjoy broadcasting media products was herein presented. The findings of this study have evidenced three categories concerning the role played by television broadcasting, social media and the fandom in NBA consumption by Brazilian fans. Based on these findings, the authors got to the conclusion that social TV establishes a mediatized environment where fan culture can be articulated through social media to enable interactions about television broadcasting.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to members of the Brazilian NBA audience who engage in the official social media of the league’s broadcasting.Originality/valueThe study heads toward a theoretical generalization based on the research results.
Competitive intensity in differently regulated men's football leagues: evidence from English premier league and German Bundesliga
Authors: Wagner Fabio , Schubert Mathias , Preuss Holger , Könecke Thomas 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThe Premier League (PL) and the Bundesliga (BL) were chosen for this study due to their fundamentally different approaches to ownership regulation and the distribution of media revenues. Regulation in the PL is very liberal if compared to the BL's 50+1-rule. In the BL, the distribution of media revenues is mainly based on past performance, whereas equal distribution is dominant in the PL. The specific aim of this paper was a longitudinal analysis with a focus on the final outcome of the seasons.Design/methodology/approachThis study looks at competitive intensity (CI) in the men's BL and the English PL because it is a crucial indicator for the long-term success of a sports league and the participants. To calculate the CI of both leagues and of all relevant sub-competitions (championship, Champions League (CL), Europa League (EL), Conference League (CoL) and fight against relegation), a CI index (CII) model was generalised and applied for an examination period spanning from 1998/99 to 2020/21.FindingsUntil 2008/09, seasonal CI in the BL was somewhat higher than in the PL. But afterwards, the BL's championship race's CI dropped considerably, while the PL's CI for qualification for the CL rose profoundly. Results also showed that the introduction of the CoL raised the leagues' CI indices.Originality/valueBesides a methodological contribution with the generalisation of the applied CI index model, the findings are discussed in the context of the above-mentioned regulatory and distribution mechanisms also taking into account the very current discussion regarding general regulatory changes within European football.
Polymorphism at the nestling stage and host‐specific mimicry in an Australasian cuckoo‐host arms race
Authors: Attisano Alfredo , Gill Brian J. , Anderson Michael G. , Gula Roman , Langmore Naomi E. , Okahisa Yuji , Sato Nozomu J. , Tanaka Keita D. , Thorogood Rose , Ueda Keisuke , Theuerkauf Jörn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Decades of research have shown that the coevolutionary arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts can promote phenotypic diversification in hosts and brood parasites. However, relatively little is known about the role of brood parasitism in promoting phenotypic diversification of nestlings.

We review field data collected over four decades in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand to assess potential for coevolutionary interactions between the shining bronze‐cuckoo (Chalcites lucidus) and its hosts, and how diversification at the nestling stage may be generating different subspecies.

The shining bronze‐cuckoo is a specialist parasite of a few hosts in the family Acanthizidae. It has diversified into subspecies, of which the nestlings closely mimic the respective host nestlings in each region. Additionally, some cuckoo subspecies have polymorphic nestlings.

The Acanthizidae hosts have similar breeding and nesting habits and only moderately effective frontline defences against parasitism at cuckoo egg laying or at the egg stages. However, some hosts have developed highly effective defences at the nestling stage by recognising and ejecting cuckoo nestlings from the nest. As with the cuckoo nestlings, some hosts have polymorphic nestlings.

The coevolutionary interactions in each region suggest different evolutionary stages of the arms race in which either the parasite or the host is currently in the lead. The presence of moderately effective defences at the egg laying and egg stages might explain why some hosts do not have defences at the nestling stage.

The south‐Pacific cuckoo – host systems are excellent models to explore the evolutionary mechanisms driving the diversification at the nestling stage in the coevolutionary arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts.
Microbiome analysis in Lascaux Cave in relation to black stain alterations of rock surfaces and collembola
Authors: Alonso Lise , Pommier Thomas , Simon Laurent , Maucourt Flavien , Doré Jeanne , Dubost Audrey , Trân Van Van , Minard Guillaume , Valiente Moro Claire , Douady Christophe J. , Moënne‐Loccoz Yvan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnthropization of Palaeolithic caves open for tourism may favour collembola invasion and result in the formation of black stains attributed to pigmented fungi. However, ecological processes underpinning black stain formation are not fully understood. Here, we tested the hypotheses that black stains from the Apse room of Lascaux Cave display a specific microbiota enriched in pigmented fungi, and that collembola thriving on the stains have the potential to consume and disseminate these black fungi. Metabarcoding showed that the microbiota of black stains and neighbouring unstained parts strongly differed, with in black stains a higher prevalence of Ochroconis and other pigmented fungi and the strong regression of Pseudomonas bacteria (whose isolates inhibited in vitro the growth of pigmented fungi). Isotopic analyses indicated that Folsomia candida collembola thriving on stains could feed on black stain in situ and assimilate the pigmented fungi they were fed with in vitro. They could carry these fungi and disseminate them when tested with complex black stains from Lascaux. This shows that black stain formation is linked to the development of pigmented fungi, which coincides with the elimination of antagonistic pseudomonads, and points towards a key role of F. candida collembola in the dynamics of pigmented fungi.
Evidence for residual SARS‐CoV‐2 in corpus cavernosum of patients who recovered from COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Kervancioglu Demirci Elif , Dursun Murat , Seviç Erva , Ergül Rıfat Burak , Önel Mustafa , Ağaçfidan Ali , Kadıoğlu Ateş 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 is an ongoing health problem with millions of cases and deaths worldwide. Although the virus is transmitted with droplets through the respiratory system, the involvement of different organs has been reported.ObjectivesThe pandemic caused urological procedures to be postponed when patient is infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. However, the reliability of 1 month postpone period and long‐term complications of the virus, such as a possible erectile dysfunction (ED) is not clarified. We aimed to compare the corpus cavernosum of patients 1 and 7 months after COVID‐19 infection with control patients who had not COVID‐19 and search for SARS‐CoV‐2 in tissues using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy.Materials and methodsThree groups of subjects underwent penile prosthesis implantation and Nesbit procedure for Peyronie's disease 1 and 7 months after COVID‐19 infection and control group without previous COVID‐19 infection. We searched for SARS‐CoV‐2 in penile tissue using RT‐PCR, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.ResultsElectron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining showed SARS CoV‐2 virus in the penile corpus cavernosum of patients 1 month after COVID‐19 recovery. Immunohistochemical staining intensity correlated with the severity of previous infection. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular virtual particles of about 80 nm with a typical morphology of prominent spikes and electron‐dense dots of nucleocapsid in addition to vesicles filled with virus‐like particles. Cells showed increased membrane trafficking. The 1 month after COVID‐19 group showed an increased number of fibroblasts. The 7 months after COVID‐19 group had similar morphology and immunoreactivity as control group.DiscussionThis is the first study of late post‐COVID examination of penis and the second study of early post‐COVID examination of corpus cavernosum. For 1 month post‐COVID patients, the aetiology of ED could be the viral infection that is also affecting corpora cavernosa. We hypothesize that viral infection affects the endocytic and exocytic pathways, hence the metabolic activity of cells that can be the reason of altered functions in some post‐COVID patients.ConclusionThis study is important because it did not detect any virus residue in the tissue samples at the seventh month. In addition, we can say that the penile surgeries should be postponed more than 1 month after the COVID infection according to this study. But, there is a need for new studies with large series and high levels of evidence that can show how long the virus remains in the corpus cavernosum. Patients should be followed in this respect.
Importance of decisional capacity tools in obtaining informed consent in clinical settings
Authors: Radenković Miroslav 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInformed consent represents a specific protocol for obtaining consent from a fully informed human subject to take part in clinical research. Still, informed consent is not only required for clinical trials but it also represents a critical precondition before enrolment in standard everyday medical procedures. Relevant fundamental criteria for obtaining informed consent must be followed, and that is that patient must have the decisional capacity to reach autonomous decision. The patient must be adequately informed and not coerced. Evaluating decisional capacity is crucial to providing the required level of care. The decision of which decisional capacity tool to use can be challenging because of various dissimilarities among the instruments. In this paper, four widely documented instruments have been evaluated, namely, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT‐T), the Hopkins Competency Assessment Test (HCAT), the Structured Interview for Competency/Incompetency Assessment Testing, Ranking Inventory (SICIATRI), and the Capacity Assessment Tool (CAT). Some of them include a fully structured interview; semi‐structured forms characterise others. Most of them are adaptable for different scenarios, and yet, some are tailored for specific treatment decisions. Some evaluate all four components of decisional capacity, while others do not. Although a broad range of capacity assessment tools is available, it has been shown that they notably improve the accuracy of capacity evaluations. Given that many pathological conditions could result in impaired decisional capacity, physicians must be able to correctly and consistently assess the capacity for which education and previous experience are pivotal.
High diversity and low specificity of fungi associated with seedless epiphytic plants
Authors: Cook Kel , Taylor D. Lee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpiphytes, which grow on other plants for support, make up a large portion of Earth's plant diversity. Like other plants, their surfaces and interiors are colonized by diverse assemblages of fungi that can benefit their hosts by increasing tolerance for abiotic stressors and resistance to disease or harm them as pathogens. Fungal communities associated with epiphytic plants and the processes that structure these communities are poorly known. To address this, we sampled seven epiphytic seedless plant taxa in a Costa Rican rainforest and examined the effects of host identity and microhabitat on external and endophytic fungal communities. We found low host specificity for both external and endophytic fungi and weak differentiation between epiphytic and neighboring epilithic plant hosts. High turnover in fungi within and between hosts and habitats reveals that epiphytic plant‐associated fungal communities are highly diverse and suggests that they are structured by stochastic processes.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material
Persistent symptoms among post‐COVID‐19 survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rochmawati Erna , Iskandar Ayuk Cucuk , Kamilah Farhah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSingle studies support the presence of several post‐COVID‐19 symptoms; however, there is no evidence for the synthesis of symptoms.ObjectiveWe attempt to provide an overview of the persistent symptoms that post‐COVID‐19 patients encounter, as well as the duration of these symptoms to help them plan their rehabilitation.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.ParticipantsA total of 16 studies involving 8756 patients post‐COVID‐19 were included.MethodsThe CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from 2019 to August 2021. Observational studies that reported data on post‐COVID‐19 symptoms were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal for Observational Studies. We included medium‐ to high‐quality studies. We used a random‐effects model for the meta‐analytical pooled prevalence of each post‐COVID‐19 symptom, and I2 statistics for heterogeneity.ResultsFrom the 2481 studies identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria. The sample included 7623 hospitalised and 1133 non‐hospitalised patients. We found the most prevalent symptoms were fatigue and dyspnea with a pooled prevalence ranging from 42% (27%–58%). Other post‐COVID‐19 symptoms included sleep disturbance 28% (14%–45%), cough 25% (10%–44%), anosmia/ageusia 24% (7%–47%), fever 21% (4%–47%), myalgia 17% (2%–41%), chest pain 11% (5%–20%), and headache 9% (2%–20%). In addition to physical symptoms, anxiety/depression was also prevalent 27% (8%–53%).ConclusionsFatigue and dyspnea were the most prevalent post‐COVID‐19 symptoms and experienced up to 12 months.Relevance to clinical practiceMultiple persistent symptoms are still experienced until 12 months of post‐Covid 19. This meta‐analysis should provide some awareness to nurses to highlights the unmet healthcare needs of post‐COVID‐19 patients. Long‐term monitoring for the evaluation and treatment of symptoms and conditions and rehabilitation programs should be conducted.
Mantram repetition and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schneider Joanne Kraenzle , Abdullahi Saratu Garba , Easton Scott D. , Willis Danny G. 
Published: November 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One intervention that fosters mindfulness is mantram repetition.

Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. Psychologically, mantram repetition can mitigate immediate stressors. When used consistently, mantram repetition promotes resilience and deepens mindfulness, thereby promoting recovery from distress.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

This paper examines the overall effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization).

What are the implications for practice?

The portable, cost‐effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies.

In people who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress.

Mantram repetition can quiet the mind and pairs well with breathing exercises and routine activities such as walking or exercising, or during chores, thus, integrating the mantram into daily life.

AbstractIntroductionResearchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One mindfulness intervention is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed.AimTo examine the evidence of the effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization).MethodWe searched 16 databases and retrieved 12 studies testing the effects of mantram repetition; only four of these measured aspects of psychological distress with comparison groups.ResultsAll studies showed positive effects ranging from very mild (.08) to very strong (.71). The summary effect across all studies was small (.23, p = .015). Importantly, this small effect was found when compared to treatment as usual and even psychotherapy.DiscussionThe portable, cost‐effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies.Implications for PracticeIn patients who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition could be practiced with breathing exercises, when walking or exercising, or during chores, integrating the mantram into daily life.