bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Brain Regions Associated with Working Memory and Inhibitory
Control in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Tianhao , Hou Lihao , Yang Jiaxuan , Xu Lin , Peng Juanjuan , Joyce Law Cho Yin 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show
abnormalities related to cognitive activities, especially related to working memory and inhibitory control.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive brain imaging technique based on
the changes in cerebral hemodynamics to measure the response of brain activities to cognitive tasks.

Methods:
In this review, we collected all clinical experiments that evaluated the changes of oxyhemoglobin
levels in relevant brain regions of patients with ADHD through cognitive tasks by fNIRS to
determine the abnormalities of brain regions related to working memory and inhibitory control activities
in patients with ADHD.

Results:
From the beginning of November 2021, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL,
web of science and Cochrane library were searched, and ROBINS-I was a tool to evaluate the quality
and risk bias of the articles included. Sixteen eligible clinical trials or randomized controlled trials
were included, of which six measured working memory and eleven measured inhibitory control.

Conclusion:
We found that compared with healthy people, the activation scope of working memory
and inhibition control in the frontal cortex in ADHD patients was smaller than that in healthy people,
and the activation degree was weak or even inactive, which can provide new ideas for the direction of
research on ADHD.
Large Cardamom Extract Enhances Ramipril's Vasoprotective Action by
Modulating Endothelial Redox Biology. An Evaluation based on in-silico
and in-vitro Research
Authors: P. Uma Devi , S. K. Kanthlal , A. M. Amritha , C. M. Shakhi Shylesh , Nair Kavyanjana R. , V. S. Arya , Arumugam Thennavan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The mechanisms that cause a patient's blood pressure to rise are diverse. Controlling blood pressure with monotherapy acting through a single pathway may be unachievable. Combining a clinically used medication with herbal medicine can result in an antihypertensive effect that is two to five times greater than monotherapy.

Method:
: This study examined the effects of aqueous extracts of large cardamom and ramipril on
the redox biology of nitric oxide and vascular reactivity in the isolated aorta incubated with a nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Molecular docking study was performed to predict the affinity of constituents of large cardamom extracts with the NOX 2 gene.

Results:
Nitric oxide (NO) levels, disordered antioxidant enzymes (glutathione and catalase), NADPH oxidase and lipid peroxidation were recovered when aqueous extract of large cardamom
and ramipril were combined. A gradual increase in the percentage relaxation of acetylcholine in phenylephrine pre-contracted aorta indicates that the combination therapy prevents endothelial damage. The molecular docking study reveals the important phytoconstituents present in the large
cardamom that can effectively bind with the NADPH oxidase for its antioxidant activity.

Consculsion:
According to our findings, it was evidenced that the large cardamom extract's vasoprotective action was mostly related to its ability to restore endothelial redox biology by suppressing NADPH oxidase activity. Our findings suggest that ramipril's direct impact on the eNOS/NO system, along with the antioxidant properties of AELC, could have a synergetic benefit in the treatment of hypertension, as well as lessen ramipril's existing side effects.
A Diagnostic Protocol and Management of Lingual Thyroid: A Case Report
Authors: S. Shivananda , Doddawad Vidya G. , C.S. Vidya , Mehdi Seema , Mohammed Azhar 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The lingual thyroid is a rare embryological abnormality caused by the thyroid's failure to descend from the foramen caecum to its normal prelaryngeal site. Although the ectopic gland at the base of the tongue is usually asymptomatic, it can cause localized symptoms.

Case Presentation:
In this case, we have a 12-year-old male paediatric patient who has hypothyroidism and is experiencing a foreign body sensation. Treatment included partial endoscopic removal via a transoral approach, followed by hormone replacement therapy.

Conclusion:
We highlighted in this article about the differential diagnosis, diagnostic protocols, and therapeutic options.
The Content of Breast Milk and the Challenges Experienced by Breastfeeding Mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan , Rahmawati Nur Anisah , Putri Innas Safira , Widiatmaja Deandra Maharani , Praba Venansya Maulina , Visuddho . , Prameswari Faida Ufaira , Zahrani Marsha , Putra Felix Nugraha , Nugraha David , Widiastara Antonio Ayrton 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Every postpartum mother is recommended to breastfeed her baby because breast milk is the main need of newborns. The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on life in various aspects, including on the breastfeeding mothers, especially if they suffer from COVID-19 infection.

Aim:
The study aims to provide comprehensive evidence regarding potential virus transmission and antibody transfer through breastmilk and the experiences of mothers related to breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy involved the use of keywords related to COVID-19 and breastfeeding in PubMed and Science Direct databases. Articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:
Breastfeeding has been recommended to be continued during the pandemic due to the benefits associated with it and the absence of sufficient evidence for transmission of COVID-19 infection through breast milk. During the lockdown period, there was a change in breastfeeding patterns, although most mothers believed that breastfeeding should be continued. Anxiety and lack of support affected breastfeeding practices. Breastfeeding mothers reported a dilemmatic situation. They felt protected because of the lockdown policy but also struggled to get support from their social environment. The impact varied in terms of stopping breastfeeding practice altogether, breastfeeding irregularly, and even giving formula milk.

Conclusion:
Adherence to health protocols can reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection through breastfeeding from mother to baby. Support from the family and the environment is needed to ensure the continuity of breastfeeding practice.
Effect of Substitution at the Di- and Trivalent Sites of {N[n-
C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ on the Nature of Solid State Decomposition
Reaction Leading to Various Metal Oxides
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ashis , Roy Debasis , Zubko Maciej , Kusz Joachim 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Oxalate ligand-based metal complexes have long been used for
the thermal synthesis of metal oxides. Polymeric homo/heterometallic oxalate-based molecular
materials of the general formula, {A]MIIMIII[C2O4]3]}∞, [A = organic cation,
MII/MIII: di/trivalent transition metal ion; C2O4: oxalate ligand] provides a molecular
source to prepare metal oxides through solid state thermal decomposition primarily due to
the potential to tune the materials’ outcome by adjusting the molecular stoichiometry and
composition.

Objective:
The study aims to explore the effect of mixing at the di- and trivalent metal sites
of {N[n-C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ which decomposes to hematite, on the nature of thermal
decomposition reaction as well as the nature of the obtained decomposed materials.

Methods:
Two series of materials {N[n-C4H9]4]FeII
1-xZnII
xFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ and {N[n-
C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII
1-xCrIII
x[C2O4]3]}∞ were prepared as precursors for non-isothermal thermogravimetry
[TG] study. Model-free integral isoconversional method is employed to
calculate the activation energy of decomposition, and hence the most probable reaction
mechanism, as well as the reaction rate of thermal decomposition, was determined. Based
on the kinetic parameters, the important thermodynamic parameters such as the changes of
entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy are estimated for the activated complex formation
from the precursors. Powder X-ray diffraction studies were made to identify the
decomposed materials.

Results:
For materials with 0 < x ≤ 1 well-defined two-step and one-step decomposition
process were observed for {N[n-C4H9]4]FeII
1-xZnII
xFeIII[C2O4]3]}∞ and {N[n-
C4H9]4]FeIIFeIII
1-xCrIII
x[C2O4]3]}∞, respectively. For each series of materials, a systematic
dependence of the activation energy on the extent of conversion indicates a systematic
change in the reactivity. The thermal decomposition strongly depends on the extent of mixing
at the di- and trivalent sites and proceeds through different reaction mechanisms at different
rates. On the decomposition of these series of materials, a range of metal oxides was
obtained. Possibly, during such extent of mixing dependent reactions, the reactant particles
go through modifications in their reactivity by several factors.

Conclusion:
Present work may invoke interest in solid state synthesis of different metal
oxides under controlled thermal decomposition by identifying the rate controlling the
process through reaction kinetics study for better synthesis and manoeuvring.
Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Studies of Polypyrrole - Gold
Nanocomposites
Authors: Bedre Mahesh D. , Malashetty Vijaykumar B. , Venkataramana Abbaraju , Inamdar Shivakumar , Deshpande Raghunanadan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Understanding nanocomposites' morphological characteristics is important
for explaining their properties and their usefulness.

Method:
In this review, we present the method for interfacial synthesis of polypyrrole and its gold
nanocomposites with varying concentrations of polymer. The bonding involved in the nanocomposites
is understood from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed
the crystalline nature of the particles.

Result:
Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that
the spherical and globular nature of the particles is mutually connected to form nanocomposites
compared with virgin polymer.

Conclusion:
Catalytic behavior of gold nanoparticles in polymer composites is observed from the
thermal analysis.
Development and Evaluation of Topical Nanoemulgel Formulation of
Tazarotene for Effective Treatment of Excision Wounds
Authors: Bedi Neena , Mahajan Shanta , Kaur Kirandeep , Saini Navdeep , Chaudhary Tajeshwar Kumar , Nim Lovedeep 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
The aim of the present investigation entails the development and evaluation of topical nanoemulgel formulation of tazarotene for effective treatment of excision wounds

Background:
Tazarotene (TZR) is a retinoid derivative marketed for the treatment of acne and psoriasis and the recent investigations indicate its excellent wound healing potential. Despite having magnificent wound healing potential, it suffers from pharmacokinetic limitations of low aqueous solubility and local bioavailability. Conventional marketed formulations of TZR have been reported to cause significant skin irritation and redness after its topical application. Keeping this in view, present investigation was designed to develop nanoemulsion based gel with intention to resolve the above mentioned pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues.

Objective:
The goal of the study was to develop a stable and effective tazarotene-loaded nanoemulgel for treating excision wounds which can also overcome the issues associated with the native drug.

Methods:
Various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants were selected on the basis of their solubilisation potential for tazarotene. Pseudoternary phase plots were constructed to obtain stable nanoemulsion region for various proportions of oil, surfactant: co-surfactant (Smix) and water and determine optimized concentration ranges for robust formulation of tazarotene. Various characterization parameters were studied to investigate the optimized formulation having desired attributes of nanoemulsion. Reducing power assay and phamacodymanic studies were conducted to determine the wound healing potential of developed nanoemulgel.

Results:
TZR loaded nanoemulsion was successfully developed with nano-sized globules using tea tree oil with Tween 20 as surfactant and PEG 400 as co-surfactant. Prepared nanoemulsions were thermodynamically stable and were further gellified using Carbopol 940 as biodegradable gelling polymer. Prepared gels showed good spreadability, drug permeation and stability. In vivo investigations demonstrated that optimized formulation successfully masked the irritant nature of tazarotene. Moreover, the pharmacodynamic evaluation of developed nanoemulsion gel revealed its significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its markable wound contraction as compared to control.

Conclusion:
The results demonstrated potential of developed nanoemulgel over marketed formulation to overcome the drawbacks like redness and erythema. It also showed significant healing efficacy over other
Диффузия фосфора и галлия из напыленного слоя фосфида галлия в кремний
Authors: Зикриллаев Н.Ф. , Ковешников С.В. , Турекеев Х.С. , Норкулов Н. , Тачилин С.А. 
Published: August 2022

Исследовалась диффузия из слоя фосфида галлия GaP, напыленного на поверхность кремния. После диффузии образцы кремния исследовались методом Ван-дер-Пау и с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа, с целью определения концентрационного распределения примесных атомов фосфора и галлия. Ключевые слова: диффузия, фосфид галлия, кремний, растворимость, концентрация, бинарные комплексы.
Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Sentiment and Topic Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination on Twitter and Vaccine Uptake
Authors: Yousef Murooj , Dietrich Timo , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn 
Published: August 2022

Background
The lack of trust in vaccines is a major contributor to vaccine hesitancy. To overcome vaccine hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccine, the Australian government launched multiple public health campaigns to encourage vaccine uptake. This sentiment analysis examines the effect of public health campaigns and COVID-19–related events on sentiment and vaccine uptake.

Objective
This study aims to examine the relationship between sentiment and COVID-19 vaccine uptake and government actions that impacted public sentiment about the vaccine.

Methods
Using machine learning methods, we collected 137,523 publicly available English language tweets published in Australia between February and October 2021 that contained COVID-19 vaccine–related keywords. Machine learning methods were used to extract topics and sentiments relating to COVID-19 vaccination. The relationship between public vaccination sentiment on Twitter and vaccine uptake was examined.

Results
The majority of collected tweets expressed negative (n=91,052, 66%) rather than positive (n=21,686, 16%) or neutral (n=24,785, 18%) sentiments. Topics discussed within the study time frame included the role of the government in the vaccination rollout, availability and accessibility of the vaccine, and vaccine efficacy. There was a significant positive correlation between negative sentiment and the number of vaccine doses administered daily (r267=.15, P<.05), with positive sentiment showing the inverse effect. Public health campaigns, lockdowns, and antivaccination protests were associated with increased negative sentiment, while vaccination mandates had no significant effect on sentiment.

Conclusions
The study findings demonstrate that negative sentiment was more prevalent on Twitter during the Australian vaccination rollout but vaccine uptake remained high. Australians expressed anger at the slow rollout and limited availability of the vaccine during the study period. Public health campaigns, lockdowns, and antivaccination rallies increased negative sentiment. In contrast, news of increased vaccine availability for the public and government acquisition of more doses were key government actions that reduced negative sentiment. These findings can be used to inform government communication planning.
Patient and Provider Experiences With Virtual Care in a Large, Ambulatory Care Hospital in Ontario, Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study
Authors: Chu Cherry , Nayyar Dhruv , Bhattacharyya Onil , Martin Danielle , Agarwal Payal , Mukerji Geetha 
Published: August 2022

Background
Virtual care use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of that shift on patient and provider experiences is unclear.

Objective
We evaluated patient and provider experiences with virtual visits across an academic, ambulatory hospital in Toronto, Canada and assessed predictors of positive experience with virtual care.

Methods
Survey data were analyzed from consenting patients who attended at least one virtual visit (video or telephone) and from consenting providers who delivered at least one virtual visit. Distributions for demographic variables and responses to survey questions are reported, with statistical significance assessed using chi-square tests and t tests. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to identify any patient predictors of responses.

Results
During the study period, 253 patients (mean age 45.1, SD 15.6 years) completed 517 video visit surveys, and 147 patients (mean age 41.6, SD 16.4 years) completed 209 telephone visit surveys. A total of 75 and 94 providers completed the survey in June 2020 and June 2021, respectively. On a scale from 1 to 10 regarding likelihood to recommend virtual care to others, fewer providers rated a score of 8 or above compared with patients (providers: 62/94, 66% for video and 49/94, 52% for telephone; patients: 415/517, 80% for video and 150/209, 72% for telephone). Patients of non-White ethnicity had lower odds of rating a high score of 9 or 10 compared with White patients (odds ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.99).

Conclusions
Patient experiences with virtual care were generally positive, but provider experiences were less so. Findings suggest potential differences in patient experience by ethnicity, warranting further investigation into equity concerns with virtual care.
Digital Platform to Continuously Monitor Patients Using a Smartwatch: Preliminary Report
Authors: Bin Kaio Jia , De Pretto Lucas Ramos , Sanchez Fabio Beltrame , Battistella Linamara Rizzo 
Published: August 2022

Background
Monitoring vital signs such as oximetry, blood pressure, and heart rate is important to follow the evolution of patients. Smartwatches are a revolution in medicine allowing the collection of such data in a continuous and organic way. However, it is still a challenge to make this information available to health care professionals to make decisions during clinical follow-up.

Objective
This study aims to build a digital solution that displays vital sign data from smartwatches, collected remotely, continuously, reliably, and from multiple users, with trigger warnings when abnormal results are identified.

Methods
This is a single-center prospective study following the guidelines “Evaluating digital health products” from the UK Health Security Agency. A digital platform with 3 different applications was created to capture and display data from the mobile phones of volunteers with smartwatches. We selected 80 volunteers who were followed for 24 weeks each, and the synchronization interval between the smartwatch and digital solution was recorded for each vital sign collected.

Results
In 14 weeks of project progress, we managed to recruit 80 volunteers, with 68 already registered in the digital solution. More than 2.8 million records have already been collected, without system downtime. Less than 5% of continuous heart rate measurements (bpm) were synchronized within 2 hours. However, approximately 70% were synchronized in less than 24 hours, and 90% were synchronized in less than 119 hours.

Conclusions
The digital solution is working properly in its role of displaying data collected from smartwatches. Vital sign values are being monitored by the research team as part of the monitoring of volunteers. Although the digital solution proved unsuitable for monitoring urgent events, it is more than suitable for use in outpatient clinical use. This digital solution, which is based on cloud technology, can be applied in the future for telemonitoring in regions lacking health care professionals. Accuracy and reliability studies still need to be performed at the end of the 24-week follow-up.
The Heart Game: A New Tool for Digital Patient Education for Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Hamborg Lisbeth Gade , Petersen Rikke Jankuhn , Spindler Helle , Dinesen Birthe 
Published: August 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the need for new ways to perform remote patient education. Patients with heart failure are associated with a high readmission rate. Rehabilitation can prevent hospital readmissions, but there is poor participation in rehabilitation of patients with heart failure. Based on user-driven innovation in the Future Patient research project, we have developed the prototype of the digital Heart Game. The Heart Game is a new approach to digital patient education, where patients can access a digital board game via an app; through the board game, they can be presented with quizzes, activities, and reflection questions, all related to heart failure.

Objective
The objective of our study was to assess the usability of the Heart Game prototype app.

Methods
A total of 6 patients with heart failure were recruited. Think-aloud test, where participants were observed during play and sound and iPad screens were recorded, was conducted, followed by a questionnaire immediately after playing. Finally, an interview (n=6) was carried out. Qualitative data were analyzed in NVivo software (version 12.0).

Results
In total, 6 patients with heart failure (83% male; mean age 66 years) participated in the think-aloud tests. One participant did not complete the game. The game duration was from 9 minutes and 14 seconds to 16 minutes and 13 seconds. Findings from the think-aloud tests were shown in themes: digital games are a new world; practice makes perfect; the Heart Game is illogical; tasks are not generalizable, in understandable formulations, or entertaining; and the Heart Game is relevant, fun, and entertaining to play.

Conclusions
The usability of the Heart Game shows opportunities for digital patient education. However, there are some challenges in the prototype with illogical game structures in the board game. Further test and development of the prototype needs to be performed.