bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-177: Does greater oncologist density reduce estimates of Black-White disparities in cancer mortality
Authors: Zhang Yuehan , Leifheit Kathryn M. , Brawley Otis W. , Thorpe Roland , Gaskin Darrell , Dean Lorraine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Black-White racial disparities in cancer mortality in the US are well-documented. Oncologist density, as a measure of oncology care access, has the potential to improve cancer outcomes. Given the estimated shortage of oncologists over the next decade, understanding how oncologist density might influence cancer disparities is of considerable importance. We hypothesized that greater oncologist density was associated with smaller racial disparities in cancer mortality. Methods: An ecological study of 1,048 US counties was performed. Oncologist density (per 100,000 population) was calculated where oncologists were identified from the 2013 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System. Using the age-standardized cancer mortality rate between 2014-2018 from State Cancer Profiles, the Black:White cancer mortality rate ratio was calculated for each county. Linear regression was constructed to assess the association of oncologist density with (1) Black-White cancer mortality rate ratio, and (2) cancer mortality rates overall, and separately among Black and White people. Results: The mean Black:White cancer mortality rate ratio across US counties was 1.13. Every five additional oncologists per 100,000 population was associated with 0.02 increase in the Black:White cancer mortality rate ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.007 to 0.03) in the multivariable model. The role of oncologist density on cancer mortality was different between Black and White people. Every five additional oncologists per 100,000 population was associated with a 1.59 decrease per 100,000 population in cancer mortality rates among White people (95% CI: -2.96 to -0.23), whereas oncologist density was not associated with cancer mortality rates among Black people. Conclusions: Greater oncologist density was associated with larger Black-White racial disparities in cancer mortality. Greater oncologist density was associated with significantly lower cancer mortality among White patients, but not among Black patients. Increasing oncologist density alone could exacerbate mortality disparities, thus attention to ensuring equitable care is critical.
Citation Format: Yuehan Zhang, Kathryn M. Leifheit, Otis W. Brawley, Roland Thorpe, Darrell Gaskin, Lorraine Dean. Does greater oncologist density reduce estimates of Black-White disparities in cancer mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-177.
Abstract PO-211: 2020 Impact on research productivity survey: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP) regional response
Authors: Norbeck Carrie , Fleisher Linda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program is a national program funded by the National Cancer Institute's Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (CRCHD). The seven GMaP regions use a multipronged engagement approach to increase recruitment/retention of diverse investigators and to strengthen professional development. This survey was designed to assess if and how the events of 2020 (COVID, racial or political unrest, others) impacted current research productivity, applications for future funding, and publication submission. Methods: A REDCap survey was sent out to each of the GMaP regional listservs in October 2020 and was completed by 150 researchers by early stage (71, 50.0%) and established investigators (36, 25.4%). Half (51%) identified as a non-white race, and 17.8% identifying as Hispanic or Latino. 22.7% of respondents were from Region 4. Responses were recorded via 6 point Likert scale (No Impact, Minimal, Neutral, Significant Impact, Work Stoppage, Expanded Scope) and allowed for qualitative responses. Summary of Results for Region 4: More than half stated the pandemic created “Significant or Work Stoppage” on their current research. Only 11.8% were able to submit intended publications on time. Only 21.2% still planned to submit applications for future funding on their intended timeline. Systemic racism/social unrest was identified as Significant Impact to 50%, along with 47.1% by local/national politics. Qualitative responses provided profound examples of the difficulties researchers have experienced in 2020. Respondents indicated that pilot awards (76.7%) and research support awards (40%) are the best methods to support their career development. Recommendations: The GMaP network with its regional approach is well placed to continue to support the career development needs of their researchers. GMaP opened their trainings to virtual national audiences, and adapted travel award programs to provide smaller Research Support awards (21 awarded) and larger Pilot Awards (4 awarded). GMaP shared the stories of their members with NCI, and advocated for support. These data further inform and enhance specific GMaP program offerings, and help us better advocate for our researchers at the institutional and national level.
Citation Format: Carrie Norbeck, Linda Fleisher. 2020 Impact on research productivity survey: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP) regional response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-211.
Abstract PO-224: Disproportional representation of racial and ethnic minorities in colorectal cancer clinical trials
Authors: Herremans Kelly M. , Riner Andrea N. , Tossas Katherine Y. , Raman Shreya , Sharp Stephen P. , Trevino Jose G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Despite overall decreasing rates of colorectal cancer, significant disparities in mortality disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Ancestral differences in tumor biology may affect how patients respond to cancer therapeutics, potentially impacting treatment efficacy. Underrepresentation in clinical trials may perpetuate disparities in colorectal cancer in racial and ethnic minorities. We aim to determine the representation of racial and ethnic minority patients in colorectal cancer clinical trials and to explore how reporting and representation has changed over time. Methods: A database analysis was performed of ClinicalTrials.gov from 2008-2021 of all colorectal, colon and rectal cancers. Trials were excluded if results were not reported, studies were performed outside the US or in other cancer types. Representation was determined using an enrollment fraction (EF), the proportion of trial participants adjusted for prevalence of colorectal cancer for each racial and ethnic subgroup. Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine whether the distribution of EF ratios among subgroup trials differed from 1. Results: 255 colorectal cancer clinical trials were analyzed, including 253,135 participants. Overall, gender was reported 98.8% of the time, whereas race was reported in 44.7% of trials and ethnicity was reported in 29.4% of trials. Though data reporting on race and ethnicity have improved over time, rates of reporting remain poor in 2021 (race 68.2%, ethnicity 45.5%). Black (EF 0.7), Asian (EF 0.3), American Indian and Alaskan Native (EF 0.0) and Hispanic (EF 0.4) patients remain underrepresented when compared to US rates of colorectal cancer (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Non-White and Hispanic patients with colorectal cancer are underrepresented in colorectal cancer clinical trials. Though reporting of patient race and ethnicity continue to increase, there are opportunities for further improvement. Equitable representation of racial and ethnic minorities in colorectal cancer clinical trials facilitates the understanding of biologic responses to cancer therapeutics and has the potential to improve cancer health disparities.
Citation Format: Kelly M. Herremans, Andrea N. Riner, Katherine Y. Tossas, Shreya Raman, Stephen P. Sharp, Jose G. Trevino. Disproportional representation of racial and ethnic minorities in colorectal cancer clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-224.
Abstract PO-255: Cervical cancer prevention and HPV self-sampling awareness and acceptability among women living with HIV: A qualitative investigation from the patients' and providers' perspectives
Authors: Le Daisy , Ciceron Annie Coriolan , Jeon Min (Jaime) Jeong , Bordon Jose , Jordan Jeanne , Monroe Anne 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Women living with HIV (WLH) bear a disproportionate risk of invasive cervical cancer due to greater incidence and longer persistence of high-risk HPV infection. Emerging strategies that involve women collecting their own cervicovaginal sample as an alternative to traditional office-based HPV screening may be a promising approach to reach women who face several obstacles to timely care, such as WLH. Little is known, however, about the facilitators and barriers to HPV self-sampling uptake that may be unique to this particularly vulnerable population. Purpose: This study describes their knowledge, experiences, and needs regarding cervical cancer screening, specifically HPV self-sampling, and seeks to reconcile it with the views of their providers' who have been proven to have great influences on their patients' decision-making processes. Methods: In this qualitative study, we recruited 10 providers and 39 WLH from the Washington DC metropolitan region to participate in semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Emergent themes were assessed using an inductive process, employing an open coding method. Results: Knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV was generally limited among WLH; and as expressed by the providers, was often fueled by proximity to someone affected by cervical cancer or personal experience. Most WLH were not familiar with HPV self-sampling: but despite some of the providers' skepticism, expressed their willingness to try it. While some providers worried that it would be an added burden, the WLH highlighted convenience, ease of use, and affordability as facilitators to the uptake of HPV self-sampling. Conclusions: The experiences identified herein may be used to (1) inform tailored interventions designed to increase cervical cancer prevention among under-screened WLH and (2) guide patient-centered communication strategies to improve engagement, patient satisfaction, quality of life, and health outcomes among vulnerable populations.
Citation Format: Daisy Le, Annie Coriolan Ciceron, Min (Jaime) Jeong Jeon, Jose Bordon, Jeanne Jordan, Anne Monroe. Cervical cancer prevention and HPV self-sampling awareness and acceptability among women living with HIV: A qualitative investigation from the patients' and providers' perspectives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-255.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Precision Prevention Materials IncorporatingMC1RGenetic Risk to Improve Skin Cancer Prevention Activities Among Hispanics
Authors: Lacson John Charles A. , Doyle Scarlet H. , Del Rio Jocelyn , Forgas Stephanie M. , Carvajal Rodrigo , Gonzalez-Calderon Guillermo , Ramírez Feliciano Adriana , Kim Youngchul , Roetzheim Richard G. , Sutton Steven K. , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Soto-Torres Brenda , Kanetsky Peter A. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:Skin cancer incidence is increasing among Hispanics, who experience worse outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites. Precision prevention incorporating genetic testing for (melanocortin-1 receptor) MC1R, a skin cancer susceptibility marker, may improve prevention behavior.Experimental Design:Hispanic participants (n = 920) from Tampa, FL and Ponce, PR, were block-randomized within MC1R higher- and average-risk groups to precision prevention or generic prevention arms. We collected baseline information on demographics, family history of cancer, phenotypic characteristics, health literacy, health numeracy, and psychosocial measures. Participants reported weekday and weekend sun exposure (in hours), number of sunburns, frequency of five sun protection behaviors, intentional outdoor and indoor tanning, and skin examinations at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. Participants also reported these outcomes for their eldest child ≤10 years old.Results:Among MC1R higher-risk participants, precision prevention increased sunscreen use (OR = 1.74, P = 0.03) and receipt of a clinical skin exam (OR = 6.51, P = 0.0006); and it decreased weekday sun exposure hours (β = −0.94, P = 0.005) and improved sun protection behaviors (β = 0.93, P = 0.02) in their children. There were no significant intervention effects among MC1R average-risk participants. The intervention did not elevate participant cancer worry. We also identified moderators of the intervention effect among both average- and higher-risk participants.Conclusions:Receipt of MC1R precision prevention materials improved some skin cancer prevention behaviors among higher-risk participants and their children and did not result in reduced prevention activities among average-risk participants. Despite these encouraging findings, levels of sun protection behaviors remained suboptimal among participants, warranting more awareness and prevention campaigns targeted to HispanicsSignificance:Our results support a precision public health approach to reducing skin cancers among Hispanics, an underserved population in precision medicine, and may additionally improve preventive behaviors among their children.
Social Determinants of Suboptimal Cardiovascular Health Among Pregnant Women in the United States
Authors: Sharma Garima , Grandhi Gowtham R. , Acquah Isaac , Mszar Reed , Mahajan Shiwani , Khan Safi U. , Javed Zulqarnain , Mehta Laxmi S. , Gulati Martha , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Blumenthal Roger S. , Nasir Khurram 
Published: January 2022

Background
Suboptimal cardiovascular health (CVH) and social determinants of health (SDOH) have a significant impact on maternal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association of SDOH with suboptimal CVH among pregnant women in the United States.

Methods and Results
We examined cross‐sectional data of pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years from the National Health Interview Survey (2013–2017). We ascertained optimal and suboptimal CVH based on the presence of 0 to 1 and ≥2 risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, current smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity), respectively. We calculated an aggregate SDOH score representing 38 variables from 6 domains (economic stability; neighborhood, physical environment, and social cohesion; community and social context; food; education; and healthcare system) and divided into quartiles. We used Poisson regression model to evaluate the association of SDOH with suboptimal CVH and risk factors. Our study included 1433 pregnant women (28.8±5.5 years, 13% non‐Hispanic Black). Overall, 38.4% (95% CI, 33.9–43.0) had suboptimal CVH versus 51.7% (95% CI, 47.0–56.3) among those in the fourth SDOH quartile. Risk ratios of suboptimal CVH, smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity were 2.05 (95% CI, 1.46–2.88), 8.37 (95% CI, 3.00–23.43), 1.54 (95% CI, 1.17–2.03), and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.01–1.42), respectively among those in the fourth SDOH quartile compared with the first quartile.

Conclusions
Over 50% of pregnant women with the highest SDOH burden had suboptimal CVH, highlighting the public health urgency for interventions in socially disadvantaged pregnant women with renewed strategies toward improving modifiable risk factors, especially smoking and insufficient physical activity.
Pregnancy Complications and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Täufer Cederlöf Elin , Lundgren Maria , Lindahl Bertil , Christersson Christina 
Published: January 2022

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between pregnancy complications and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after adjustment for major confounding.

Methods and Results
In a nationwide register‐based cohort study, women with singleton births between 1973 and 2014 were included from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Outcomes of mortality and hospitalizations of CVD were collected from the Cause of Death Register and the National Inpatient Register. The cohort was followed from the date of the first delivery until death or end of follow‐up, whichever occurred first. The pregnancy complications studied were preeclampsia or eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and stillbirth. Among the 2 134 239 women (mean age at first pregnancy, 27.0 [SD, 5.1] and mean parity 1.96 [SD, 0.9]), 19.1% (N=407 597) had 1 of the studied pregnancy complications. All pregnancy complications were associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for CVD (ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease) after adjustment for major confounding in a Cox proportional hazard regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular mortality was 1.84 (95% CI, 1.38–2.44) for preterm birth and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.81–5.44) for stillbirth.

Conclusions
In this large cohort study, pregnancy complications were associated with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and hospitalizations for CVD, also after adjusting for confounding, including overweight, smoking, and comorbidities. The study highlights that less established pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and stillbirth are also associated with cardiovascular mortality and CVD.
High-Order Areas and Auditory Cortex Both Represent the High-Level Event Structure of Music
Authors: Williams Jamal A. , Margulis Elizabeth H. , Nastase Samuel A. , Chen Janice , Hasson Uri , Norman Kenneth A. , Baldassano Christopher 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent fMRI studies of event segmentation have found that default mode regions represent high-level event structure during movie watching. In these regions, neural patterns are relatively stable during events and shift at event boundaries. Music, like narratives, contains hierarchical event structure (e.g., sections are composed of phrases). Here, we tested the hypothesis that brain activity patterns in default mode regions reflect the high-level event structure of music. We used fMRI to record brain activity from 25 participants (male and female) as they listened to a continuous playlist of 16 musical excerpts and additionally collected annotations for these excerpts by asking a separate group of participants to mark when meaningful changes occurred in each one. We then identified temporal boundaries between stable patterns of brain activity using a hidden Markov model and compared the location of the model boundaries to the location of the human annotations. We identified multiple brain regions with significant matches to the observer-identified boundaries, including auditory cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and angular gyrus. From these results, we conclude that both higher-order and sensory areas contain information relating to the high-level event structure of music. Moreover, the higher-order areas in this study overlap with areas found in previous studies of event perception in movies and audio narratives, including regions in the default mode network.
Platonic and Aristotelian Teichopolitics
Authors: Woodcox Adam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a sustained investigation into ancient teichopolitics – the politics of constructing walls – and the question of whether the best city should be surrounded by walls. Plato’s Laws adopts the Spartan view that walls have a negative effect on national character and argues that they should be ‘left lying asleep and undisturbed in the ground’ (Leg. 6.778d). Aristotle’s Politics puts forward a series of objections to Plato and adopts the more pragmatic view that walls are necessary. Although both philosophers debate the status of walls and foreigners within the best city, they fail to draw the thoroughly modern connection between teichopolitics and immigration.
“Solidarity is Something you can Hold in your Hand”
Authors: Lauesen Torkil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article tells the story of an organization based in Copenhagen, Denmark, which supported the Liberation struggle in the Third World from 1969 until April 1989. It focus on the support to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (pflp). The story is told in a historical and global context. The text explains the strategy and tactic behind the support-work. It explains how the different forms of solidarity work developed over two decades (for a more detailed account of the history of the group, see Kuhn, 2014). Finally, the article offers an evaluation of the past and a perspective on the future struggle for a socialist Palestine.
Dose-Response Association Between Bilirubin and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zuo Lei , Huang Jun , Zhang Hongyue , Huang Bing , Wu Xiaoyi , Chen Li , Xia Sujian , Dong Xiaomei , Hao Guang 
Published: January 2022

The association between bilirubin (BIL) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective studies to evaluate this association in the general population. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases through to September 2021. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess study quality. The pooled effect estimate was calculated by the fixed-effect model or random-effect model. We included 12 prospective studies (368 567 participants). The pooled risk ratio of CVD for the lowest vs highest groups of BIL levels was .75 (95% CI: .58-.97) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 87.5%, P < .001). Similar associations were observed for coronary heart disease and stroke. We further performed a “dose-response” meta-analysis, and a significant U-shaped relationship between circulating (most values were serum bilirubin, but a few were plasma bilirubin) BIL and CVD ( P < .01) was observed. The lowest risk of CVD events was observed in participants with a BIL of 17-20 µmol/L in serum and/or plasma. In conclusion, there was a U-shaped dose-response relationship between BIL and CVD, especially for men. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and identify the mechanisms involved as well as any prognostic or therapeutic potential.