bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Type 9 Secretion System enables sharing of fungal mannan by human gut Bacteroides
Authors: Buzun Ekaterina , Heunis Tiaan , Cottam Curtis , Morland Carl , Trost Matthias , Lowe Elisabeth C 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDegradation of complex carbohydrates in the gut is a key trait of Bacteroides species. Some glycans are metabolised ‘selfishly’ releasing few or no oligosaccharide breakdown products from complex polysaccharides, whereas others release oligosaccharides and cross feed other microbes. The outer cell wall of many fungi commonly found in the gut consists of highly α-mannosylated proteins which have been shown to be metabolised in a ‘selfish’ manner by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. We show that the species Bacteroides salyersiae releases branched manno-oligosaccharides during growth on mannan and that these act as a nutrient source for Bacteroides spp. that are unable to degrade polymeric mannan. Molecular characterisation of the locus responsible for mannan degradation reveals that it contains multiple glycoside hydrolases and glycan binding proteins targeted to the Type 9 Secretion System, a Bacteroidetes specific secretion system that allows the secretion of large folded proteins across the outer membrane. More commonly found in oral and environmental Bacteroidetes, here the T9SS enables B. salyersiae to locate large, multimodular enzymes and glycan binding proteins outside the cell to target a complex, branched polysaccharide. This points to a previously unknown role of the T9SS in glycan metabolism in gut Bacteroides.
How does international entrepreneurial orientation influence firms' internationalization? An exploration with Indian software product top management teams
Authors: Satyanarayana Krishna , Chandrashekar Deepak , Sukumar Arun , Jafari-Sadeghi Vahid 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore how international entrepreneurial orientation of top management team (TMT) of software product firms influence their firms' internationalization activities.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses interpretive analysis techniques and examines data collected from in-depth interviews and secondary sources from 20 software product firms.FindingsThe analysis of data reveals the existence of a pathway through which the international entrepreneurial orientation of the TMT influences the firm's strategic learning functions (knowledge creation, dissemination, interpretation and implementation) which in turn influences the firm's internationalization activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors extend the existing knowledge by demonstrating an existence of path to interpret the individual attribute of international entrepreneurial orientation of TMT with the organization's knowledge management functions. Building on the theories of knowledge-based view and organizational learning, and by leveraging the microfoundations approach, a process model is also derived based on evidence from data analysis to enable examination of the combined effects of the international entrepreneurial orientation of TMT, firm's strategic learning on internationalization.Originality/valueThe authors provide an integrative process model that connects TMTs' international entrepreneurial orientation to the firms' strategic learning processes, which in turn is linked to examine the combined influence of these constructs on the internationalization activities of a firm.
Does digital financial innovation enhance financial deepening and growth in Kenya?
Authors: Misati Roseline , Osoro Jared , Odongo Maureen , Abdul Farida 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of digital financial innovation on financial depth and economic growth in Kenya.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, which is preferable over other time series methods as the model allows application of co-integration tests to time series with different integration orders and is flexible to the sample size including small and finite.FindingsThe main findings of this paper are as follows: first, there is evidence of a positive relationship between digital financial innovation and financial depth with the strongest impact emanating from Internet usage and mobile financial services and the lowest impact from bank branches; second, the results reveal a significant positive impact of financial depth on economic growth consistent with the supply-leading finance theory.Practical implicationsThe results of the study imply a need for investment in technology-enabling infrastructure for digital financial services (DFS) and a redesign of strategies to avoid further financial exclusion of low-income earners due to the unaffordability of digital devices and financial and digital illiteracy.Originality/valueThe study is original and important for policymakers as the study provides insights on the components of financial innovation that are growth-enhancing in Kenya, considering that some aspects of innovation can be growth-retarding as was demonstrated during the global financial crisis.
Systematic review of MOOC research in mainland China
Authors: Cheng Jiawen , Yuen Allan H.K. , Chiu Dickson K.W. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe popularity of massive open online courses (MOOCs) has attracted worldwide research interest. This study aims to identify and summarize the research foci (e.g. themes, methods, contexts, etc.) and discuss the new directions and trends of MOOC research in the context of Mainland China.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the published MOOC research papers in Mainland China was conducted with the following inclusion criteria: (1) papers written in English; (2) context focused on Mainland China; and (3) empirical studies. Three main issues were explored with the selected 70 papers: (1) research methods (data collection and analysis); (2) the research foci; and (3) research objects.FindingsThe results found that the major MOOC research in China was quantitative, mostly using one method to collect data. Most studies collected data through the databases of MOOC platforms and survey techniques, which was consistent with the widely used descriptive statistics for data analysis. Learner-focused themes were investigated the most, aligning with the result that learners were the most popular research objects.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that using new technology tools, such as the Big Data approach for learning analytics, may transform traditional MOOC research into new practices. Transdisciplinary research concepts may also provide an alternative evolving model for constructing collaboratively dynamic research frameworks under the changing technologies and paradigms. Meanwhile, educational research traditions, such as qualitative methods, contribute to scaffolding MOOC research for more pragmatic applications.Originality/valueMost systematic reviews on MOOCs focus on general or regional contexts other than Mainland China, and scant MOOC review is based on published English papers about Mainland China.
Understanding citizens’ satisfaction with the government response during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: comprehensive analysis of the government hotline
Authors: Zhang Zicheng , Li Anguo , Xu Yang , Liang Yixiao , Jin Xinchen , Wu Shanshan 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe objective of this study was to analyse the influencing factors of citizens' dissatisfaction with government services during the COVID-19 pandemic to help government departments identify problems in the service process and possible countermeasures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first used cosine interesting pattern mining (CIPM) to analyse citizens' complaints in different periods of the pandemic. Second, the potential evaluation indices of customer satisfaction were extracted from the hotline business system through a hypothesis analysis and modelled using multiple regression analysis. During the index transformation and standardization process, a machine-learning algorithm of clustering and emotion analysis was adopted. Finally, the authors used the random forest algorithm to evaluate the importance of the indicators and obtain the indicators more important to citizen satisfaction.FindingsThe authors found that the complaint topic, appeal time, urgency of citizens' complaints, citizens' emotions, level of detail in the case record, and processing timeliness and efficiency significantly influenced citizens' satisfaction. When the government addresses complaints in a more standardized and efficient manner, citizens are more satisfied.Originality/valueDuring the pandemic, government departments should be more patient with citizens, increase the speed of the case circulation and shorten the processing period of appeals. Staff should record appeals in a more standardized manner, highlighting themes and prioritizing urgent cases to appease citizens and relieve their anxiety.
Humanistic leadership and support for the sustainable development goals
Authors: Flores Gabriela , Ahmed Rawia , Wagstaff Maria F. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
This study aims to use humanistic management theory to examine the conceptual space of leaders who support sustainable development goals (SDGs) within their organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes interviews with four Iberoamerican leaders conducted by the creating emerging markets project at Harvard Business School. This study’s results show a range of humanistic management principles across the four leaders, coinciding with varying support for the SDGs. This study discusses the impact of cultural values on these differences.

Findings
This study finds leaders who embrace all four humanistic management principles also supported a greater number of SDGs and an increased variety of SDGs. This study’s findings support the three overarching dimensions uncovered by previous research into champions in other organizational domains, including gender equality and health. These three dimensions are depth of embracement, scope of embracement and leverage of engagement.

Originality/value
The authors’ hope is that this study will help further the discussion of how organizations can contribute to the 17 SDGs.
Identifying a pathway towards recovery for depleted wild Pacific salmon populations in a large watershed under multiple stressors
Authors: Chalifour Lia , Holt Cassandra , Camaclang Abbey E. , Bradford Michael J. , Dixon Ross , Finn Riley J. R. , Hemming Victoria , Hinch Scott G. , Levings Colin D. , MacDuffee Misty , Nishimura Derek J. H. , Pearson Michael , Reynolds John D. , Scott David C. , Spremberg Uwe , Stark Steven , Stevens John , Baum Julia K. , Martin Tara G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) support coastal and freshwater ecosystems, economies and cultures, but many populations have declined. We used priority threat management (PTM), a decision‐support framework for prioritizing conservation investments, to identify management strategies that could support thriving populations of wild salmon over 25 years. We evaluated the potential benefits of 14 strategies spanning fisheries, habitat, pollution, pathogens, hatcheries and predation management dimensions on 19 conservation units (CUs)—genetically and ecologically distinct populations—of the five Pacific salmon species in the lower Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada.

The PTM assessment indicated that under the current trajectory of ‘business as usual’, zero CUs were predicted to have >50% chance of thriving in 25 years. Implementation of all management strategies at an annual investment between 45 and 110 million CAD was, however, predicted to achieve >50% chance of thriving for most CUs (n = 16), with nearly half (seven CUs) having a > 60% chance, indicating there is a pathway towards recovery for most populations if we invest now. In fact, substantial gains could be made by investing in five combined habitat strategies, costing 20M CAD annually. These habitat strategies were estimated to bring 14 of 19 salmon CUs above this 50% threshold.

Co‐governance between First Nation and provincial and federal Canadian governments to manage salmon populations and harvest, and improved CU‐level monitoring emerged from the expert elicitation as critical ‘enabling’ strategies. By improving the feasibility of different management options, co‐governance brought an additional five CUs above the 60% threshold.

Synthesis and applications. Supporting wild salmon in the face of cumulative threats will require strategic investment in effective management strategies, as identified by this priority threat management (PTM) assessment. PTM uses the best available data to objectively assess the potential outcomes of management alternatives. With renewed commitments from provincial and federal Canadian governments to protect and restore salmon populations and their habitats, positive conservation outcomes following implementation of targeted management strategies may be within reach.
Differential resting‐state neurophysiological activity associated with game usage patterns and genres in Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Hong Da Hye , Lee Ji‐Yoon , Oh Da‐young , Park Sun‐young , Yoo So Young , Choi Jung‐Seok 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated differences in quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns associated with game usage patterns and genre among patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Data from 140 participants (76 IGD patients and 64 healthy controls) were analysed. The IGD group was divided into subgroups based on game usage patterns (single game [SG] or multiple games [MGs]) and genre (multiplayer online battle arena, first‐person shooter [FPS], or massively multiplayer online role‐playing game [MMORPG; hereafter, MMG]). A resting‐state, eye‐closed quantitative EEG was recorded, and the absolute power and coherence of brain waves were analysed. IGD patients who played SGs showed increased beta activity compared with those who played MGs and controls. Increased absolute beta power was significantly associated with higher tendencies towards behavioural inhibition compared with controls. FPS gamers showed increased delta power in the frontal region compared with controls, which was related to the severity of IGD. Furthermore, decreased intrahemispheric coherence in the left frontoparietal region was observed in the MMG and FPS groups compared with controls. This decreased coherence was observed in the theta (MMG and FPS), delta (MMG), and beta (FPS) bands. These features were related to impairment in visuospatial working memory. Unique neurophysiological features related to preoccupation with an SG may be associated with the inhibition of behavioural changes. The present study suggests that the underlying neurophysiological networks in IGD differ according to game usage patterns and genre.
Young adult responses to taxes on cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems
Authors: Friedman Abigail S. , Pesko Michael F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough over half of United States states have passed taxes on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), recent evidence links ENDS tax rates to increases in smoking, suggesting potentially substantive health costs. Overall health implications will depend on how these taxes affect transitions from experimentation to regular smoking and vaping. Current analyses have not assessed ENDS tax rates' effects in young adulthood (ages 18–25). This study measures the relationship between ENDS and cigarette tax rates and ENDS use and smoking in young adulthood, a key period for initiation of regular tobacco use.DesignObservational study of data from the Current Population Survey's 2010–2019 Tobacco Use Supplements.SettingThe United States.Participants/CasesA total of 38 906 18 to 25 year‐oldsMeasurementsMultivariable linear regressions estimated two‐way fixed effects analyses to assess ENDS and cigarette tax rates' relationships to recent and daily smoking and vaping, adjusting for an array of potential sociodemographic and policy confounders along with state and year fixed effects.FindingsA $1 increase in ENDS taxes yielded significant reductions in young adults' daily vaping (
= −0.025; 95% CI, −0.037, −0.014) alongside increases in recent smoking (
= 0.037; 95% CI, 0.013, 0.061), primarily reflecting greater dual use (
=2.078; 95% CI, 0.890, 4.852; P = 0.09). A $1 cigarette tax increase yielded 2.1 and 2.5 percentage point increases in recent and daily vaping, with 95% CIs of (0.004, 0.038) and (0.018, 0.032) respectively.ConclusionsIn the United States, higher ENDS tax rates are associated with decreased ENDS use but increased cigarette smoking among 18‐ to 25‐year‐olds, with associations reversed for cigarette taxes.
Experiences of primary health care nurses advancing their careers in a remote Western Australian location
Authors: Kagi Elena , Rasiah Rohan , Moran Monica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to explore the experiences of primary health care (PHC) nurses advancing their careers in a remote location in Western Australia.SettingThe study was conducted in PHC organisations in one remote location in northern Western Australia.ParticipantsSix registered nurses working in four PHC organisations participated in the study. All were registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Participants were all female, and five had child carer responsibilities. They had worked in the region for between 8 months and 10 years.DesignThe design was based on a qualitative, interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology involving in‐depth, semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews.ResultsParticipants faced challenges advancing their careers given the limited employment opportunities and need to balance their professional ambitions with family needs. Participants had limited capacity to support each other's learning and felt poorly supported by employers to undertake professional development not directly related to their role. Participants were not well engaged with professional associations beyond undertaking online professional development activities provided with membership. Accessing professional development was difficult given a lack of time, limited access to local learning activities and a consequent need to travel, which was challenging. Despite the challenges they faced, most nurses remained passionate about their remote nursing roles and enjoyed the lifestyle.ConclusionRemote PHC nurses face a range of challenges, some of which can be overcome by improved availability of local professional development and better support from employers and professional associations.
Personalized diagnostic approach and indirect quantification of extravasation in human anaphylaxis
Authors: Nuñez‐Borque Emilio , Betancor Diana , Pastor‐Vargas Carlos , Fernández‐Bravo Sergio , Martin‐Blazquez Ariadna , Casado‐Navarro Natalia , López‐Domínguez David , Gómez‐López Alicia , Rodriguez del Rio Pablo , Tramón Paloma , Beitia Juan María , Moreno‐Aguilar Carmen , González‐de‐Olano David , Goikoetxea María José , Ibáñez‐Sandín María Dolores , Laguna José Julio , Cuesta‐Herranz Javier , Esteban Vanesa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is the most acute and life‐threatening manifestation of allergic disorders. Currently, there is a need to improve its medical management and increase the understanding of its molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to quantify the extravasation underlying human anaphylactic reactions and propose new theragnostic approaches.MethodsMolecular determinations were performed in paired serum samples obtained during the acute phase and at baseline from patients presenting with hypersensitivity reactions. These were classified according to their severity as Grades 1, 2 and 3, the two latter being considered anaphylaxis. Tryptase levels were measured by ImmunoCAP, and serum protein concentration was quantified by Bradford assay. Human serum albumin (HSA) and haemoglobin beta subunit (HBB) levels were determined by Western blot and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively.ResultsA total of 150 patients were included in the study. Of them, 112 had experienced anaphylaxis (83 and 29 with Grade 2 and 3 reactions, respectively). Tryptase diagnostic efficiency substantially improved when considering patients' baseline values (33%–54%) instead of the acute value threshold (21%). Serum protein concentration and HSA significantly decreased in anaphylaxis (p < .0001). HSA levels dropped with the severity of the reaction (6% and 15% for Grade 2 and 3 reactions, respectively). Furthermore, HBB levels increased during the acute phase of all hypersensitivity reactions (p < .0001).ConclusionsFor the first time, the extravasation underlying human anaphylaxis has been evaluated based on the severity of the reaction using HSA and protein concentration measurements. Additionally, our findings propose new diagnostic and potential therapeutic approaches for this pathological event.
Effectiveness and safety of intracranial events associated with the use of direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 92 studies
Authors: Archontakis‐Barakakis Paraschos , Li Weijia , Kalaitzoglou Dimitrios , Tzelves Lazaros , Manolopoulos Apostolos , Giannopoulos Stefanos , Giamouzis Grigorios , Giannakoulas George , Batsidis Apostolos , Palaiodimos Leonidas , Ntaios George , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Kokkinidis Damianos G. 
Published: July 2022

AimsObservational studies have investigated the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) used in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing the risk of ischaemic stroke, thromboembolism (TE) and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) associated with the use of DOACs and VKAs.MethodsMedline and Embase were systematically searched until April 2021. Observational studies were gathered and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted. Subgroup analyses based on DOAC doses, history of chronic kidney disease, stroke, exposure to VKA, age and sex were performed. A random‐effects model was used.ResultsWe included 92 studies and performed 107 comparisons. Apixaban was associated with lower risk of stroke (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.99) compared to dabigatran. Rivaroxaban was associated with lower risk of stroke (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83–0.98) compared to VKA. Dabigatran (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80–0.91), rivaroxaban (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.89) and apixaban (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86) were associated with lower risk for TE/stroke compared to VKA. Apixaban (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03–1.68) and rivaroxaban (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.31–1.89) were associated with higher risk of ICH compared to dabigatran. Dabigatran (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.44–0.52), apixaban (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.49–0.73) and rivaroxaban (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.65–0.81) were associated with lower risk of ICH compared to VKA.ConclusionOur study demonstrated significant differences in the risk of ischaemic stroke, TE/stroke and ICH associated with individual DOACs compared to both other DOACs and VKA.