bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do radiographers collimate? A retrospective analysis of radiographic collimation of common musculoskeletal examinations at an adult trauma centre
Authors: Ball Sally , McKerrow Megan , Murphy Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionCollimation of the primary beam is an important factor in radiography to reduce dose and improve image quality. The introduction of larger detector plates in direct digital radiography (DR) allows the exposed area to be calculated by removing cropping applied to the image. The aim of this study was to assess whether the exposed area was larger than a reference standard across five different projections on different body types, with the reference size being the corresponding cassette size used in traditional film/screen or computed radiography (CR).MethodA retrospective clinical audit of five common musculoskeletal radiographic projections (AP knee, AP shoulder, horizontal beam lateral hip, lateral cervical spine and lateral facial bones), of 359 patients was undertaken. The electronic cropping was removed from projections, and the superior–inferior, antero‐posterior and medio‐lateral collimation size was measured, depending on the projection. The two measurements were multiplied to give an exposed field of view area. The three measurements were compared with a reference standard, being the size of the corresponding cassette size used in the department on film/screen or computed radiography.ResultsFrom the five projections, 1071 measurements were analysed. 416 (38.8%) of these measurements were less than or equal to the agreed reference standard. 655 (61.2%) were greater than the agreed reference standard.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that the majority (61.2%) of the measurements taken were above the reference standard. This results in an increase in radiation dose to patients and detrimental impacts on image quality.
Release of hepatitis B virions is positively regulated by glucose‐regulated protein 78 through direct interaction with preS1
Authors: Shi Yueyuan , Jin Xin , Wu Shuang , Liu Junye , Zhang Hongpeng , Cai Xuefei , Yang Yuan , Zhang Xiang , Wei Jie , Luo Miao , Zhou Hua , Zhou Huihao , Huang Ailong , Wang Deqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐enveloped particle release. Specifically, we used preS1 as a bait protein to screen host proteins using mass spectroscopy, with the results of immunofluorescence, western blot, co‐immunoprecipitation, isothermal titration calorimetry, and pull‐down assays identifying glucose‐regulated protein (GRP)78 as a specific target for preS1 binding. We employed transcriptome sequencing, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, and particle gel assays to investigate the mechanism of GRP78‐mediated positive regulation of HBV‐enveloped particle release. Additionally, we performed phage‐display, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular‐docking assays to assess peptides inhibiting enveloped‐particle release. We found that HBV upregulated GRP78 expression in liver cell lines and the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, GRP78 promoted the release of HBV‐enveloped particles in vitro and in vivo within an HBV transgenic mouse model. Moreover, we identified interactions of preS1 peptides with GRP78 via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, which effectively inhibited its interaction with HBV‐enveloped particles and their subsequent release. These findings provide novel insights regarding HBV virion release, and demonstrated that GRP78 interacted with preS1 to positively regulate the release of HBV‐enveloped particles, suggesting GRP78 as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting HBV infection.
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 prevents hyperglycemia, alveolar bone loss, and inflammation in a rat model of diabetes and periodontitis
Authors: Silva Davi N. A. , Cruz Natália T. S. , Martins Agnes A. , Silva Régia C. M. , Almeida Hursula C. , Costa Heloísa E. S. , Santos Karina M. O. , Vieira Basílio R. , Sousa Frederico B. , Junior Francisco S. , Júnior Raimundo F. A. , Guerra Gerlane C. B. , Pirih Flavia Q. , Araújo Aurigena A. , Martins Ana R. L. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the antihyperglycemic, anti–bone‐resorptive, and anti‐inflammatory efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus EM1107 in an experimental model of ligature‐induced periodontitis in diabetic rats treated with metformin (Met).MethodsA total of 114 male Wistar rats was randomly divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) experimental periodontitis (EP), (3) EP + diabetes mellitus (DM), (4) EP + probiotic (Prob), (5) EP + DM + Prob, and (6) EP + DM + Prob + Met. The animals received probiotic gavage during the 30 days of the experiment. DM was induced on the 14th day of the experiment with a single injection of streptozotocin into the penile vein, followed by ligature for EP induction and Met gavage on the 19th day and euthanasia on the 30th day. Heart blood, gingival and periodontal tissue, and hemimaxillae were collected. Biomolecular analysis, immunoenzymatic assays, histomorphology, and microtomographic analysis were performed. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was a significant reduction in interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in the Prob groups (p < 0.05) as well as in blood glucose levels in the Prob and Met groups (p < 0.001). In addition, histomorphological analysis revealed that the Prob groups had a reduction in inflammatory infiltrate. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and microtomographic analyses showed that the EP/DM/Prob/Met group had significantly lower linear and volumetric bone loss than those who had no treatment (p < 0.01). SOD and GPx immunostaining decreased in all groups receiving probiotics.ConclusionThe findings suggest the immunoinflammatory efficacy of the probiotic L. rhamnosus EM1107 administered either alone or in association with Met in type 1 DM associated with periodontitis.
Production and characterization of cyanocobalamin‐enriched tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits grown using hydroponics
Authors: Yamamoto Aoi , Seki Mahiro , Koseki Kyohei , Yabuta Yukinori , Shimizu Katsuhiko , Arima Jiro , Watanabe Fumio , Bito Tomohiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitamin B12 is an essential vitamin that is absent in plant‐derived foods such as fruits and vegetables. This can result in an increased risk of developing vitamin B12 deficiency in strict vegetarians (vegans). There are several studies that have aimed to enhance nutrients in food crops. The purpose of the present study was to fortify tomato fruits with vitamin B12 (or cyanocobalamin).RESULTSTomato plants were grown for 70 days in hydroponic culture pots and treated with 5 μm of cyanocobalamin on days 1–24 after the fruiting, and then harvested for tomato fruits. The ripened tomato fruits contained 4.0 × 10−7 g of cyanocobalamin per 100 g of dry weight and showed a significant increase in glucose and lycopene levels.CONCLUSIONThe present study highlights the use of a cyanocobalamin–supplementation system for the production of B12 fortified tomato fruits that can help prevent B12 deficiency in vegetarians. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Treatments of heating and ultrasound improve the inhibition of gallocatechin gallate on tyrosinase
Authors: Hong Xinyue , Song Xin , Wu Xiaqing , Yang Change , Gong Deming , Zhang Guowen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGallocatechin gallate (GCG), a catechin of tea polyphenols, possesses inhibitory ability against tyrosinase, but few studies have reported how common processing methods affect it. In this research, the influence of heating and ultrasound treatments on the inhibition of GCG against tyrosinase was explored by ultraviolet–visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTSBoth heating and ultrasound treatments of GCG alone improved GCG's inhibitory ability against tyrosinase compared with the untreated, and a combination of heating and ultrasound treatment (100 °C, 20 min + 630 W, 20 min) further decreased the relative tyrosinase activity to 26.8%. The treated GCG exhibited a stronger fluorescence quenching effect on tyrosinase, but did not have any influence on the static quenching mechanism. Compared to the untreated GCG, the binding constants of treated GCG by heating, ultrasound and their combination with tyrosinase significantly increased, but the number of binding sites was still approximately one and the main driving force of the treated GCG was still hydrophobic interaction. After treatments of heating, ultrasound and their combination, the composition of GCG solutions was changed.CONCLUSIONThe enhanced inhibition of treated GCG on tyrosinase may be due to partial conversion of GCG into epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), which may cooperate with GCG to better inhibit the enzyme activity. This study has provided some valuable information for the application of catechins against tyrosinase in food processing and cosmetic industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synchronous Second Primary Cancers of Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Image‐Enhanced Endoscopy Era
Authors: Luo Xi , Huang Xiaodong , Liu Shaoyan , Wang Xiaolei , Luo Jingwei , Xiao Jianping , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Chen Xuesong , Zhang Ye , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Jianghu , Xu Guozhen , Gao Li , Wu Runye , Yi Junlin 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) with synchronous second primary malignancies (Syn‐SPMs), their impact on clinical outcomes, and associated risk factors in the image‐enhanced endoscopy era.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 673 patients newly diagnosed with HPC at our cancer center between 2009 and 2019. The patients were divided into three groups: (a) no second primary malignancies (N‐SPMs, n = 533); (b) synchronous carcinoma in situ (Syn‐Tis, n = 60); (c) synchronous invasive tumors (Syn‐invasive, n = 80). Propensity score matching was conducted to balance the N‐SPMs and Syn‐invasive groups at a 3:1 ratio.ResultsMost (96.1%) underwent pretreatment esophagogastroduodenoscopy evaluation with image‐enhanced endoscopy. The incidence rates were: Syn‐SPMs, 20.8%; Syn‐Tis, 8.9%; Syn‐invasive, 11.9%. At a median follow‐up of 66.7 months, the Syn‐Tis and N‐SPMs groups had a similar 5‐year overall survival (OS; 45.6% vs. 44.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.956; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.660–1.385; p = 0.806). Compared to the N‐SPMs group, the Syn‐invasive group had poorer 5‐year OS (27.0% vs. 52.9%; HR, 2.059; 95% CI, 1.494–2.839; p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with Syn‐SPMs occurrence (odds ratio, 2.055, 2.414, and 3.807 for light, intermediate, and heavy drinkers, respectively).ConclusionThe prevalence of Syn‐SPMs among patients with HPC was high. Syn‐invasive SPMs decreased the survival of patients with HPC. Routine screening with image‐enhanced endoscopy should be recommended to detect early‐stage SPMs, especially for heavy alcohol drinkers.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:1906–1913, 2023
Outcomes and learning curve of endoscopic tympanoplasty: A retrospective analysis of 376 patients
Authors: Cho Young Sang , Park Min Hae , Han Ul Gyu , Son Se‐Eun , Moon Il Joon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the procedural outcomes and learning curve of type I endoscopic tympanoplasty (ET) performed by a single surgeon.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 376 patients who underwent type I ET performed by a single surgeon over 7 years. We evaluated the pre/post air‐bone gap (ABG), time required for surgery, changes in pain after surgery, success, and failure rate of type I ET.ResultsHearing results indicated an ABG of approximately 17.8 dB before surgery but decreased significantly to 9.8 dB at 6 months after surgery. The time required for the operation gradually decreased. In particular, the time required for the procedure was 67.6 min in the first year and decreased to 31.5 minutes in the fifth year, a drastic reduction. The graft failure rate up to 6 months after surgery was 13.0% and was the same for both primary and revision surgeries. Graft failure was significantly greater with increasing size of the preoperative tympanic perforation. The success rate varied depending on graft material, and the group with only acellular allogenic dermal matrix showed the lowest success rate. Postoperative pain significantly decreased from 2.01 immediately after surgery to 0.78 points the next day, and there were no severe complications during surgery.ConclusionsET produces superior cosmetic results with minimal pain and is associated with stable hearing improvement and high success rate. The operation time decreased with surgeon experience and continued to decrease until the fifth and final year of this analysis.Level of Evidence4
Localization of TRPV3/4 and PIEZO1/2 sensory receptors in murine and human larynges
Authors: Foote Alexander G. , Tibbetts Julianna , Bartley Stephanie M. , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to identify expression of TRPV3 and TRPV4 chemoreceptors across perinatal and adult stages using a murine model with direct comparisons to human laryngeal mucosa. Our secondary aim was to establish novel cell expression patterns of mechanoreceptors PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 in human tissue samples.Study designIn vivo.MethodsWe harvested murine laryngeal tissue to localize and describe TRPV3/4 endogenous protein expression patterns via immunofluorescence analyses across two developmental (E16.5, P0) and adult (6 weeks) timepoints. Additionally, we obtained a 60‐year‐old female larynx including the proximal trachea and esophagus to investigate TRPV3/4 and PIEZO1/2 protein expression patterns via immunofluorescence analyses for comparison to murine adult tissue.ResultsMurine TRPV3/4 expression was noted at E16.5 with epithelial cell colocalization to supraglottic regions of the arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis through to birth (P0), extending to the adult timepoint. Human TRPV3/4 protein expression was most evident to epithelium of the arytenoid region, with additional expression of TRPV3 and TRPV4 to proximal esophageal and tracheal epithelium, respectively. Human PIEZO1 expression was selective to differentiated, stratified squamous epithelia of the true vocal fold and esophagus, while PIEZO2 expression exhibited selectivity for intermediate and respiratory epithelia of the false vocal fold, ventricles, subglottis, arytenoid, and trachea.ConclusionResults exhibited expression of TRPV3/4 chemoreceptors in utero, suggesting their importance during fetal/neonatal stages. TRPV3/4 and PIEZO1/2 were noted to adult murine and human laryngeal epithelium. Data indicates conservation of chemosensory receptors across species given similar regional expression in both the murine and human larynx.
Guiding principles for technical infrastructure to support computable biomedical knowledge
Authors: McCusker Jamie , McIntosh Leslie D. , Shaffer Chris , Boisvert Peter , Ryan James , Navale Vivek , Topaloglu Umit , Richesson Rachel L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOver the past 4 years, the authors have participated as members of the Mobilizing Computable Biomedical Knowledge Technical Infrastructure working group and focused on conceptualizing the infrastructure required to use computable biomedical knowledge. Here, we summarize our thoughts and lay the foundation for future work in the development of CBK infrastructure, including: explaining the difference between computable knowledge and data, and contextualizing the conversation with the Learning Health Systems and the FAIR principles. Specifically, we provide three guiding principles to advance the development of CBK infrastructure: (a) Promote interoperable systems for data and knowledge to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. (b) Enable stable, trustworthy knowledge representations that are human and machine readable. (c) Computable knowledge resources should, when possible, be open. Standards supporting computable knowledge infrastructures must be open.
Investigation of isolation enhancement and tune‐ability in patch antenna arrays
Authors: Yin Ruowei , Wu Zhipeng , Wang Shimeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper reports the study of a tunable isolator based on a four‐strip resonant structure to reduce the mutual coupling between two patch antennas. Unlike other decoupling structures with a fixed center decoupling frequency, this design provides tunable mutual coupling reduction frequency response and adjustable mutual coupling level by integrating a varactor diode into the strip isolator. This study investigates the effect of the position and capacitance of the varactor diode on mutual coupling. In addition to tune‐ability, the tunable four‐strip resonator reduces the coupling level at all frequencies around 3.5 GHz by at least 6 dB to less than –28 dB without degrading the impedance bandwidth. Compared to the case with the four‐strip resonator structure but without the varactor diode, the isolation is further improved by 2 dB or more. The measured results are consistent with the simulation results.
Transfer learning framework for low‐dose CT reconstruction based on marginal distribution adaptation in multiscale
Authors: Yang Minghan , Wang Jianye , Zhang Ziheng , Li Jie , Liu Lingling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing use of computed tomography (CT) in clinical practice, limiting CT radiation exposure to reduce potential cancer risks has become one of the important directions of medical imaging research. As the dose decreases, the reconstructed CT image will be severely degraded by projection noise.PurposeAs an important method of image processing, supervised deep learning has been widely used in the restoration of low‐dose CT (LDCT) in recent years. However, the normal‐dose CT (NDCT) corresponding to a specific LDCT (it is regarded as the label of the LDCT, which is necessary for supervised learning) is very difficult to obtain so that the application of supervised learning methods in LDCT reconstruction is limited. It is necessary to construct a unsupervised deep learning framework for LDCT reconstruction that does not depend on paired LDCT‐NDCT datasets.MethodsWe presented an unsupervised learning framework for the transferring from the identity mapping to the low‐dose reconstruction task, called marginal distribution adaptation in multiscale (MDAM). For NDCTs as source domain data, MDAM is an identity map with two parts: firstly, it establishes a dimensionality reduction mapping, which can obtain the same feature distribution from NDCTs and LDCTs; and then NDCTs is retrieved by reconstructing the image overview and details from the low‐dimensional features. For the purpose of the feature transfer between source domain and target domain (LDCTs), we introduce the multiscale feature extraction in the MDAM, and then eliminate differences in probability distributions of these multiscale features between NDCTs and LDCTs through wavelet decomposition and domain adaptation learning.ResultsImage quality evaluation metrics and subjective quality scores show that, as an unsupervised method, the performance of the MDAM approaches or even surpasses some state‐of‐the‐art supervised methods. Especially, MDAM has been favorably evaluated in terms of noise suppression, structural preservation, and lesion detection.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that, the MDAM framework can reconstruct corresponding NDCTs from LDCTs with high accuracy, and without relying on any labeles. Moreover, it is more suitable for clinical application compared with supervised learning methods.
Impact of Process Poisons on the Performance of Post‐Phthalate Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts in Gas Phase Propylene Polymerization
Authors: Albeladi Abdulrahman , Moman Akhlaq , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe impact of common process catalyst poisons on the performance of a 6th generation Ziegler–Natta catalysts during the gas phase polymerization of propylene are examined using two approaches: introducing propylene without purification, or with one or two sets of purification columns, and by introducing carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2) and dimethyl sulfoxide (C2H6SO) during the polymerization. As expected, purification columns increases the catalyst activity significantly, slightly reduce catalyst decay. Injecting TiBA during the reaction leads to an activity increase. The addition of two full sets of columns substantially increased the repeatability of polymerization reactions. The power of deactivation of poisons injected during the polymerization reaction is: O2 > CO2 > CH3OH > C2H6SO > C4H8O2 > H2O. Adding CO2, O2, and CH3OH resulted in a progressive decrease in molecular weight while almost no effect is observed with H2O. However, C4H8O2, and C2H6SO resulted in a mild increase in molecular weight. Additionally, the effects on crystallinity and stereoregularity are similar where CO2, O2, H2O and CH3OH caused a progressive decrease while C4H8O2 and C2H6SO resulted in a mild increase, indicating some isotacticity control by these two poisons.
Estimation of Reactivity Ratios for Olefin Polymerization Catalysts—On the Importance of Thermodynamics
Authors: Ishola Niyi B. , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA systematic study of the impact of gas phase composition on the estimation of the reactivity ratios of a Ziegler–Natta catalyst during the gas phase copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐butene and 1‐hexene has been carried out. The results of the study show that if one uses a realistic equation of state to estimate the co‐ and anti‐solubility effects of multiple species in the gas phase, one can obtain a unique value of the reactivity ratio pair from any number of experiments. However, it is found that using only binary solubility data and ignoring the impact of chemically inert species on solubility will lead to the estimate of composition‐dependent reactivity ratio pairs.
Body mass index associates with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival and metabolomic profiles
Authors: Goutman Stephen A. , Boss Jonathan , Iyer Gayatri , Habra Hani , Savelieff Masha G. , Karnovsky Alla , Mukherjee Bhramar , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsBody mass index (BMI) is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk and prognosis, but additional research is needed. The aim of this study was to identify whether and when historical changes in BMI occurred in ALS participants, how these longer term trajectories associated with survival, and whether metabolomic profiles provided insight into potential mechanisms.MethodsALS and control participants self‐reported body height and weight 10 (reference) and 5 years earlier, and at study entry (diagnosis for ALS participants). Generalized estimating equations evaluated differences in BMI trajectories between cases and controls. ALS survival was evaluated by BMI trajectory group using accelerated failure time models. BMI trajectories and survival associations were explored using published metabolomic profiling and correlation networks.ResultsTen‐year BMI trends differed between ALS and controls, with BMI loss in the 5 years before diagnosis despite BMI gains 10 to 5 years beforehand in both groups. An overall 10‐year drop in BMI associated with a 27.1% decrease in ALS survival (P = .010). Metabolomic networks in ALS participants showed dysregulation in sphingomyelin, bile acid, and plasmalogen subpathways.DiscussionALS participants lost weight in the 5‐year period before enrollment. BMI trajectories had three distinct groups and the group with significant weight loss in the past 10 years had the worst survival. Participants with a high BMI and increase in weight in the 10 years before symptom onset also had shorter survival. Certain metabolomics profiles were associated with the BMI trajectories. Replicating these findings in prospective cohorts is warranted.