bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal admission screening for COVID-19 using quantitative antigen testing and questionnaire screening to prevent nosocomial spread
Authors: Morishima Masayo , Kimura Muneyoshi , Sakoh Takashi , Yamamuro Ryosuke , Ogura Sho , Takahashi Namiko , Baba Masaru , Herai Takashi , Endo Shigeyuki , Taniguchi Shuichi , Araoka Hideki 
Published: November 2022

Background
In this study, we investigated diagnostic accuracy of quantitative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigen testing and whether universal screening was effective to prevent a nosocomial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
All adult patients admitted to an acute-care hospital in Tokyo, Japan, after receiving LUMIPULSE SARS-CoV-2 Ag using a nasopharyngeal swab and a brief questionnaire to evaluate symptoms and exposures from December 3, 2020 to March 20, 2021 were included.

Results
Of the 5191 patients, 53 were antigen-positive, 19 were inconclusive and 5119 were negative. The sensitivity and specificity (positive or inconclusive results) of the quantitative antigen test for COVID-19 diagnosis at admission was 0.957 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.855–0.995) and 0.995 (95% CI: 0.992–0.997), respectively. Six asymptomatic patients were identified on admission. Two patients were antigen-negative and diagnosed with COVID-19 later; however, they had been isolated prior to diagnosis because both had symptoms of COVID-19 and exposure. No nosocomial infections occurred during the period.

Conclusion
Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing was found to be valid for the early detection of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients as a universal screening test on admission.
Demise of Legal Aid? Access to Justice and Social Welfare Law after Austerity
Authors: Newman Daniel , Robins Jon 
Published: November 2022

Access to justice in England and Wales has been undermined by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012. These cuts to legal aid came as part of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government’s austerity programme and they represent part of a deeper legacy of antipathy towards state funding of legal services over recent decades. This socio-legal paper draws on interviews across four case studies with those on the frontline of the legal aid sector to draw out the implications of the LASPO cuts, and the wider disdain of successive governments for legal aid, for social welfare law. Vulnerability theory is used to highlight the importance of the legal aid scheme and the threat posed by the cuts. The paper makes an argument that access to justice is a cause that needs to be championed for the good of all in society.
Keywords: access to justice; legal aid; social welfare law; austerity; vulnerability.
Reflections on the Judicial Case Management Experiments of Sir Francis Newbolt
Authors: Reynolds Michael 
Published: November 2022

In two earlier articles published in Amicus Curiae, a pioneering form of case management was reviewed. Essentially these essays revealed that Sir Francis Newbolt, an Official Referee, was the pioneer in this processual innovation, in his work between 1920 and 1936. His procedural experiments and advances laid the foundation for a distinctive process adopted by the Official Referees’ Court which survives to this day, albeit enhanced and adapted to meet the challenges of the digital age. In many respects, and as suggested in the earlier contributions, Newbolt was far ahead of his times, although it is important to appreciate also that he was driven largely by the impact of post-World War I austerity and the economic pressures of the Great Depression which stretched judicial resources. In some respects, there may be an almost historical correlation between his times and today—a period of austerity followed by an unexpected pandemic, exacerbated by interruptions to trading relationships. The pandemic of 1918 is said to have had greater consequences than the World War, imperial preference, protectionism and the depression. The experience of those times may have some relevance to our own. In this article, however, a comparison is drawn between Newbolt’s ‘Scheme’ and the subsequent access to justice reforms in England and Wales, demonstrating in many respects a certain degree of equivalence in the objectives of Lord Woolf and Sir Francis. This may be equated with my experience as a solicitor who practised in the Official Referees Court, which then became the Technology and Construction Court. That court inherited the practice derived from Newbolt’s experiments and enabled a more efficient form of case management broadly conforming to the objectives of access to justice.
Keywords: case management; official referees; innovative procedure.
Approved handing down of judgment: England & Wales - Bates v The Post Office Ltd (No 6: Horizon Issues) Rev 1 16 December 2019
Authors: Case Judgment: England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case citation:
Bates v The Post Office Ltd (No 6: Horizon Issues) Rev 1 16 December 2019 Approved handing down of Judgment by Fraser J, No. QB-2016-004710, Supplement, 18 Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review (2021)
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 4 14 March 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 4 14 March 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 7 20 March 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 7 20 March 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 15 5 June 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 15 5 June 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 20 14 June 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 20 14 June 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 21 1 July 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 21 1 July 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Scandal at the Post Office
Authors: Marshall Paul 
Published: November 2022

The Post Office Horizon scandal in the United Kingdom, possibly the most extensive miscarriage of justice in English legal history, was caused by a number of interrelated factors. These include: the legal presumption that computers are reliable; the unwillingness and failure of judges to order appropriate and necessary disclosure of documents by the Post Office, where required to ensure fairness at trial; the unethical conduct by the board and management of the Post Office; failure by government – the Post Office’s owner, and questionable litigation strategies adopted by the Post Office’s lawyers.
Index words: Post Office; Horizon IT system; disclosure; discovery; electronic evidence; ethics; politics
Simplification to the Immigration Rules and its effects
Authors: Gurung Shreevana 
Published: November 2022

The Immigration Rules hold paramount importance in controlling and monitoring the UK borders and non-British population. These rules expansively dictate the boundaries and movements of every non-British citizen; hence, they are relied upon widely by public bodies and the judiciary. The Immigration Act 1971 was initially passed to control the UK immigration system. However, the law under this statute has been developed on an ad hoc basis, which has resulted in a convoluted set of laws being established.
The complexity of these laws stems predominantly from statutory provisions being continuously updated or amended and subjective judicial interpretations of the Immigration Rules being mostly inconsistent. These issues are exacerbated further by the ever-evolving social change surrounding immigration. These difficulties concerning the current Immigration Rules have led the Law Commission in its 13th programme of law reform to propose the idea that Immigration Rules need simplification urgently.
"romantismo", o "enciclopedismo" e o "criticismo"
Authors: Da Silva Sérgio Pereira 
Published: November 2022

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa sobre o magistério da Filosofia, no Ensino Médio, em Uberlândia. Revela metodologias espontaneístas e conteudistas, no bojo das concepções aqui denominadas de "romântica", "enciclopédica" e "crítica''.
Palavras-chave: Educação no ensino médio; Filosofia; Uberlândia.
Abstract: This article is product of a research about the teaching of Philosophy, at high school, in Uberlândia. lt tries to show some methodologies, associated to conceptions called here "romantic", "encyclopaedic" and "critic".
Keywords: teaching at high school; Philosophy; Uberlândia.
que é um "bom professor"?
Authors: Ghiraldelli Jr. Paulo 
Published: November 2022

Resumo: O texto trata da evolução da ideia de "bom professor" no contexto da modernidade e da época contemporânea. Considera, então, três fases histórico-filosóficas: o professor segundo o discurso pedagógico humanista; o professor segundo o discurso pedagógico da era "sociedade do trabalho" e o professor segundo o discurso pedagógico "tecnicista".
Palavras-chave: professor; filosofia; história; infância; pedagogia.

Abstract: This paper deals with the idea of "good teacher" in the context of modernity and contemporary age. Three historico-philosophical phases are taken here under consideration: the teacher in the pedagogical discourse of humanism; the teacher in the pedagogical discourse of the "laboring society" and, finally, the teacher accordingly to the pedagogical discourse of "technicism".
Quantitative detection of anti-PLA2R antibodies targeting different epitopes and its clinical application in primary membranous nephropathy
Authors: Qin Yuan , Wu Qingqing , Sheng Huiming , Li Ting , Liu Xiaobin , Yang Xue , Lin Bo , Zhou Xiumei , Jin Juan , Wang Liang , Huang Biao , He Qiang , Hu Zhigang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to establish time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays to quantitatively detect the autoantibodies targeting different epitopes of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and evaluate its clinical application in primary membranous nephropathy (PMN).

Methods
PLA2R and its reactive epitope-specific IgG/IgG4 time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays (TRFIAs) were established using europium-labeled anti-human IgG/IgG4 antibodies, recombinant proteins, and patient serum. The levels of IgG/IgG4 targeting PLA2R and its epitopes in PMN patient serum were detected, and the relationship between epitope spreading of PLA2R and the severity of patients with PMN was evaluated.

Results
The TRFIAs established in this study could quantitatively detect PLA2R and its epitope-specific IgG and IgG4. Sera from 59 patients with PMN were subjected to detection using anti-PLA2R IgG and anti-PLA2R IgG4. Among them, 46 and 54 patients were found positive for PLA2R antibodies, respectively. Moreover, the levels of PLA2R antibodies were strongly correlated with the severity of patients with PMN. Patients who were detected to have two or more epitopes had more serious renal injury.

Conclusions
PLA2R domain-specific IgG/IgG4 TRFIAs were established in this study, and detection with anti-PLA2R IgG4 could more sensitively screen the reactivity of patients to the PLA2R domain. Moreover, detection epitope spreading of PLA2R was confirmed which is related to the severity of patients with PMN.
Efecto de la inclusión en la dieta de hidrolizado proteico de pescado sobre el crecimiento corporal y composición proximal del músculo de doncella (Pseudoplatystoma punctifer)
Authors: Cortegano Carlos , Núñez Montúfar Rudy Leandro , Wong Bardales Deykie Max , Prada Rojas Daniel , Villanueva Chávez César Augusto , Contreras Salazar Guadalupe Victoria , Bezada Quintana Sandra Gracia , Carcelén Cáceres Fernando Demetrio , López Guerra Sofía 
Published: November 2022

Se evaluó el efecto de la inclusión en la dieta de hidrolizado proteico de pescado sobre el crecimiento corporal y la composición química del músculo de juveniles de doncella. El estudio siguió un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial de 2 x 4 [2 dietas vs. 4 tiempos de muestreo (15°, 30°, 45° y 60° día)], resultando en 8 tratamiento con 3 repeticiones cada uno. Los tratamientos fueron: T1: DT15; T2: DHP15; T3: DT30; T4: DHP30; T5: DT45; T6: DHP45; T7: DT60 y T8: DHP60. Las dietas formuladas fueron isocalóricas (42.15% PB) e isoproteicas (4,415.69 kcal EB kg-1): una testigo (DT; sin suplementación) y otra con inclusión de 1.20% de hidrolizado proteico de pescado (DHP) en substitución de la harina de pescado. Un total de 114 doncellas (642.65 g; 47.93 cm) fueron distribuidas en estanques excavados de 200 m2 (19 peces/estanque) y alimentadas con las dietas experimentales durante 60 días. Cada 15 días, ocho peces por unidad experimental fueron capturados para evaluar el crecimiento corporal de los animales (peso final PF, longitud final LF, ganancia de peso GP, ganancia de longitud GL, tasa de crecimiento específico TCE, conversión alimenticia CA, tasa de eficiencia proteica TEP, sobrevivencia S y factor de condición FC). Adicionalmente, al iniciar (día 0) y finalizar (día 60) el experimento tres peces por unidad experimental fueron sacrificados por punción cerebral para análisis de composición química del músculo. DHP no afectó la LT, GL, TEP, S, FC, ni la composición proximal del músculo de doncella; sin embargo, juveniles de esta especie alimentados con dieta suplementada presentaron mejor desempeño expresados en PF (1049.17 g vs. 919.56 g), GP (406.52 g vs. 276.91 g)y TCE (0.82 vs. 0.60) a los 60 días de alimentación, así como mejor CA en comparación con la dieta sin suplementación.
A comparative study of corrosion resistance in CrN and CrN/Cr coatings, electrodeposited chromium and epoxy paints
Authors: Torres Magda , Chipatecua Yuri , Marulanda Cardona Diana Maritza , Olaya Florez Jhon Jairo 
Published: November 2022

This work was aimed at comparing the corrosion resistance of CrN and CrN/Cr coatings deposited through unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBM), Cr industrial coatings and epoxy paints. UBM coatings were optimised and produced at room temperature, using 400 mA discharge current. Ar and N2 flow rates were set at 9 standard cubic centimetres per minute (SCCM) and 3 SCCM, respectively. Deposition times were set to produce CrN monolayers and nanometric multilayers having 1μm total thickness and 100 nm period. Coating microstructure was determined through scanning electron microscopy as texture and crystalline phases were determined using x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Corrosion resistance was studied with anodic polarisation tests using 0.5M H2SO4 and 0.05M KSCN solution. Nanometric multilayers improved stainless steel corrosion resistance and it was observed that coated CrN steel A36 could be an alternative for replacing stainless steel in acid environments. Corrosion mechanisms for the coatings so deposited are discussed.
Using ultrafine particles from a coal washing plant in metallurgical coke production
Authors: Gutierrez Bernal Jesús Manuel , Mora Pulido William Fernando , Rodríguez Varela Luís Ignacio , Ramírez Javier , Díaz Velásquez José de Jesús 
Published: November 2022

Blending ultrafine particles from a coal washing plant was studied for coke production by briquetting using 6%w coal tar as binder. The ultrafine coal particles were characterised and a pilot coking test was made in a Koppers' furnace. Coke quality was evaluated by proximate analysis, stability (micum 10 and micum 40), coke reactivity index (CRI) with CO2 and the coke's mechanical strength after reaction with carbon dioxide (CSR index). Briquetting results showed that was possible to obtain coke having 19.0 % CRI and 75.6% CSR, these being the characteristics required in metallurgical processes.
Synthesising unsaturated fatty alcohols from fatty methyl esters using catalysts based on ruthenium and tin supported on alumina
Authors: Echeverri David Alexander , Rios Luis Alberto , Marín Juan Miguel 
Published: November 2022

Most promising catalysts for synthesising unsaturated fatty alcohols are based on group 8 metals with a promoter like tin, because the process can be carried out in moderate conditions, and these metals are less toxic than chromium. There have been no reports about the use of this catalyst to date using raw materials like methyl ester blends or evaluation reusing catalysts. This paper presents the hydrogenation of methyl esters from palm oil and commercial methyl oleate with Ru-Sn/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by impregnation, at moderate pressure and temperature (5 MPa and 270°C). Greater selectivity to unsaturated alcohol and the less selectivity to methyl stearate was found for an optimal Sn:Ru=2 ratio. Hydrogenation of palm oil methyl esters with this catalyst produced a mixture of oleyl alcohol, saturated alcohols having 16-18 carbon atoms and heavy esters. Raw material had no great effect on catalyst activity. However, the catalyst showed deactivation through several uses due to decreased catalytic area.
Surgical aspects of topographic and anatomical changes in the neck after hemithyroidectomy
Authors: Zhirnova A. S. , Abramzon O. M. , Lyashchenko S. N. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. To develop the optimal surgical techniques for repeated interventions on the thyroid gland, taking into account topographic and anatomical changes in the neck after a previous hemithyroidectomy.
Materials and methods. The results of repeated surgical treatment of 69 patients (divided into two groups) with various pathologies of the thyroid gland were analyzed. Patients of the main group (39 person) underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the soft tissues of the neck before the surgery. In the comparison group (30 person), reintervention in the volume of thyroidectomy was performed in the classical way without tomography.
Results. Based on magnetic resonance imaging of the soft tissues of the neck, the topographic anatomy of its anterior section in patients after hemithyroidectomy was studied. Two types of disposition of organs and structures were revealed: anterior lateral and posterior medial. The first type is characterized by an anterior displacement of the esophagus to the posterior surface of the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland and the neurovascular bundle. In the second type, a tight contact between the thyroid gland and the short muscles of the neck and displacement of the carotid artery and jugular vein posteriorly and medially was detected. Surgical techniques for repeated surgical intervention have been adjusted for each type of disposition.
Conclusions. The proposed techniques made it possible to minimize the length of surgical access, the duration of intervention, the severity of pain syndrome, as well as the number of intra- and postoperative complications.
Comorbid diseases and conditions of patients with a novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, who died in infectious hospital
Authors: Khokhlova Yu. A. , Markelova L. N. , Titova N. E. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. To analyze the comorbid diseases and conditions in patients with a novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, who died in the infectious hospital.
Materials and methods. Analysis of 1202 postmortem epicrises and protocols of pathologicoanatomic study of patients, who died in the infectious hospital of Smolensk on the basis of Clinical Hospital № 1 was carried out.
Results. There prevailed elderly and old patients 81.5 %, most of them suffered from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), first of all ischemic heart disease 92 % and arterial hypertension 94.8 %. The most frequent risk factors/comorbid background of CVD were obesity (53.7 %), type 2 diabetes mellitus 29.8 %. Practically all patients suffered from chronic heart failure, each third 2b3 stage, IIIIV functional class (30.1 %). The basic comorbid diseases/conditions during hospitalization period were myocardial infarction (3.8 %), acute coronary syndrome (5.2 %), cerebral stroke (6.1 %), pulmonary embolism (4.3 %), atrial fibrillation paroxysm (8.7 %), myocarditis/pericarditis (3.8 %). In 43.1 % of patients, the comorbid pathology was on the foreground as a concurrent/concomitant/basic disease (as a basic diseases in 12.9 % of patients).
Conclusions. Among the dead patients with COVID-19 there prevail elderly and old patients, burdened for comorbidity. Most of all, cardiovascular pathology, complicated by heart failure and associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has an impact of the outcome of disease.
The comorbid diseases/conditions during hospitalization are determined, as a rule, by vascular thromboses of various localizations. In every tenth patient, the comorbid pathology was the direct cause of death.
Role of neonatal respiratory infection in formation of atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Bukina Ekaterina V. , Repetskaya M. N. , Furman E. G. , Toropova E. A. 
Published: November 2022

Objective. To determine the role of neonatal respiratory infection in the formation of atopic dermatitis in children.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the state of health of children who suffered from intrauterine pneumonia (21 persons) compared with healthy children (19 persons) was carried out.
Results. As a result of examination in the prospective follow-up, it was revealed that the children of both groups had a burdened heredity for allergic pathology, they were on natural feeding. It was detected that fetoplacental insufficiency, as an unfavorable factor of the antenatal period, effects the formation of atopic dermatitis.
Conclusions. There was noted a high risk of atopic dermatitis in children who suffered from intrauterine pneumonia compared to children with a favorable course of the neonatal period.