bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive versus traditional inverted “L” approach for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Yao , Guo Huihui , Gao Liang , Liu Chang , Xu Xinzhong , Cheng Wendan 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a minimally invasive arthroscopic approach and to compare it with the traditional inverted “L” approach for the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures.

Methods
From January 2016 to January 2020, the clinical data from patients with PCL avulsion fracture of the tibial insertion were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups based on surgical approaches: minimally invasive approach group (n = 15) and traditional inverted “L” group (n = 15 cases). The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time and complications were all recorded and compared between the two groups. The fracture healing time, knee range of motion (ROM), and residual relaxation degree were compared between the two groups after regular follow-up. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores were used to assess knee joint function.

Results
There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, side, body mass index, cause of injury, Meyers McKeever classification and time from injury to operation (P > 0.05). The incision length and intraoperative bleeding in the minimally invasive group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in the traditional group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of operative time, fracture healing time, or residual relaxation (P > 0.05). The Lachman test and posterior drawer test were both negative, and there were no postoperative complications. The VAS pain score within 2 weeks and ROM within 4 weeks in the minimally invasive group were significantly better (P < 0.05) than those in the traditional inverted “L” approach group. The knee joint stability of both groups was good 12 months after surgery, and there were no significant differences in IKDC score, Lysholm score and ROM (P > 0.05) between the two groups.

Conclusion
The minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of PCL avulsion fractures provide adequate exposure without the surgical complications associated with traditional open surgical approaches. The procedure is safe, fast and minimally invasive, and does not need a long learning curve.
Genome‐Wide Polygenic Score Predicts Large Number of High Risk Individuals in Monogenic Undiagnosed Young Onset Parkinson's Disease Patients from India
Authors: Kukkle Prashanth Lingappa , Geetha Thenral S. , Chaudhary Ruchi , Sathirapongsasuti Jarupon F. , Goyal Vinay , Kandadai Rukmini Mridula , Kumar Hrishikesh , Borgohain Rupam , Mukherjee Adreesh , Oliver Merina , Sunil Meeta , Mootor Mohammed Faizal Eeman , Kapil Shruti , Mandloi Nitin , Wadia Pettarusp M. , Yadav Ravi , Desai Soaham , Kumar Niraj , Biswas Atanu , Pal Pramod Kumar , Muthane Uday B. , Das Shymal Kumar , Sakthivel Murugan Sakthivel M. , Peterson Andrew S. , Stawiski Eric W. , Seshagiri Somasekar , Gupta Ravi , Ramprasad Vedam L. , (PRAI) Parkinson Research Alliance of India 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with poorly defined environmental influences. Genomic studies of PD patients have identified disease‐relevant monogenic genes, rare variants of significance, and polygenic risk‐associated variants. In this study, whole genome sequencing data from 90 young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) individuals are analyzed for both monogenic and polygenic risk. The genetic variant analysis identifies pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in eight of the 90 individuals (8.8%). It includes large homozygous coding exon deletions in PRKN and SNV/InDels in VPS13C, PLA2G6, PINK1, SYNJ1, and GCH1. Eleven rare heterozygous GBA coding variants are also identified in 13 (14.4%) individuals. In 34 (56.6%) individuals, one or more variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in PD/PD‐relevant genes are observed. Though YOPD patients with a prioritized pathogenic variant show a low polygenic risk score (PRS), patients with prioritized VUS or no significant rare variants show an increased PRS odds ratio for PD. This study suggests that both significant rare variants and polygenic risk from common variants together may contribute to the genesis of PD. Further validation using a larger cohort of patients will confirm the interplay between monogenic and polygenic variants and their use in routine genetic PD diagnosis and risk assessment.
Visibly Transparent and Infrared Reflective Coatings for Personal Thermal Management and Thermal Camouflage
Authors: Woo Ho Kun , Zhou Kai , Kim Su‐Kyung , Manjarrez Adrian , Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Seong Tae‐Yeon , Cai Lili 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTailoring thermal radiation using low‐infrared‐emissivity materials has drawn significant attention for diverse applications, such as passive radiative heating and thermal camouflage. However, the previously reported low‐infrared‐emissivity materials have the bottleneck of lacking independent control over visible optical properties. Here, a novel visibly transparent and infrared reflective (VTIR) coating by exploiting a nano‐mesh patterning strategy with an oxide–metal–oxide tri‐layer structure is reported. The VTIR coating shows simultaneously high transmittance in the visible region (>80% at 550 nm) and low emissivity in the mid‐infrared region (< 20% in 7–14 µm). The VTIR coating not only achieves a radiative heating effect of 6.6 °C for indoor conditions but also enables a synergetic effect with photothermal materials to keep human body warm at freezing temperatures for outdoor conditions, which is 10–15 °C warmer than normal cotton and Mylar film. Moreover, it demonstrates an excellent thermal camouflage effect at various temperatures (34–250 °C) and good compatibility with visible camouflage on the same object, making it ideal for both daytime and nighttime cloaking. With its unique and versatile spectral features, this novel VTIR design has great potential to make a significant impact on personal heat management and counter‐surveillance applications.
Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted High‐Throughput Screening of Printing Conditions of Hydrogel Architectures for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Baiqi , Dong Jianpei , Ruelas Marina , Ye Xiangyi , He Jinxu , Yao Ruijie , Fu Yuqiu , Liu Ying , Hu Jingpeng , Wu Tianyu , Zhou Cuiping , Li Yan , Huang Lu , Zhang Yu Shrike , Zhou Jianhua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 3D (bio)printing, it is critical to optimize the printing conditions to obtain scaffolds with designed structures and good uniformities. Traditional approaches for optimizing the parameters oftentimes rely on the prior knowledge of the operators and tedious optimization experiments, which can be both time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. Moreover, with the rapid increase in the types of biomaterial inks and the geometrical complexities of the scaffolds to be fabricated, such a traditional strategy may prove less effective. To address the challenge, an artificial intelligence‐assisted high‐throughput printing‐condition‐screening system (AI‐HTPCSS) is proposed, which is composed of a programmable pneumatic extrusion (bio)printer and an AI‐assisted image‐analysis algorithm. Based on the AI‐HTPCSS, the printing conditions for obtaining uniformly structured hydrogel architectures are screened in a high‐throughput manner. The results show that the scaffolds printed under the optimized conditions demonstrate satisfying mechanical properties, in vitro biological performances, and efficacy in accelerating the diabetic wound healing in vivo. The unique AI‐HTPCSS is expected to offer an enabling platform technology on streamlining the manufacturing of tissue‐engineering scaffolds through 3D (bio)printing techniques in the future.
Design of Self‐Powered Sensors with Excellent Thermal and UV–Light Detections by 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐0.06Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zhang Hui , Meng Jingke , Chung Chia‐Chen , Gu Bing‐Ni , Liu Ming‐Jin , Zhang Ding , Zhong Ming , Liu Maocheng , Liu Na , Lin Chun‐Jung , Meng Cheng , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFerroelectric materials provide a new pathway to convert thermal energy into electricity based on the pyroelectric effect. How to modulate the pyroelectric property of ferroelectric materials through UV–light is still an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Here, a self‐powered sensor is demonstrated based on 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐0.06Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 nanoparticles, exhibiting high output electric performance under temperature variation and UV–light illumination conditions. Compared with a purely pyroelectric system, the corresponding current peaks of “UV–light + heating” and “UV–light + cooling” states are 88.6% higher and 37.3% smaller in the coupled system. The fabricated pyroelectric system shows excellent performance with detection sensitivities of 0.9 (heating) and 1.48 nA K−1 (cooling) with 0.7 × 10−3 and 0.2 × 10−3 nA lux−1 illuminated by 395 nm UV–light as a temperature sensor. Furthermore, a self‐powered sensor that is suitable for detecting both UV–light and temperature variations by recording the output current signals are demonstrated, which provides a basis for the development of the next generation of UV–light‐modulated ferroelectric devices.
Biodegradable Polylactide Supraparticle Powders with Functional Additives for Biomedical Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Canziani Herbert , Hanschmann Benedikt , Tischer Florentin , Sommereyns Alexander , Distler Thomas , Schramm Jonas , Hesse Nicolas , Schmidt Jochen , Grünewald Alina , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo , Maskos Michael , Schmidt Michael , Vogel Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing, in particular powder bed‐based fabrication processes hold promise to revolutionize biomedical engineering for the ability to provide customized, functional implants, for example as bone replacement materials. However, providing functional powder particles that unify material requirements for biodegradable and bioactive biomaterials and process requirements to enable successful powder bed fusion remains an unmet challenge. Here, a supraparticle‐based approach to create biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and composite powders for the additive manufacturing of bone replacement materials is introduced. Colloidal binary Ca‐SiO2 glasses and hydroxyapatite are incorporated as bioactive functional additives to support the formation of bone‐like calcium phosphate. The supraparticle powders are prepared by a scalable spray‐drying process, which offers control of particle size, shape, and composition. All process‐relevant powder characteristics are analyzed as a function of composition and structure, including flowability, thermal, and melt rheological properties. The optimized supraparticle powders are successfully used in the process of laser powder bed fusion of polymers to prepare macroscopic specimens via additive manufacturing. It is demonstrated that the material combination of the composites provides relevant functional properties, including biodegradation and bioactivity. The process provides a flexible and adjustable toolbox for the design of functional powders toward biomedical additive manufacturing.
A Rechargeable K/Br Battery
Authors: Xia Maoting , Feng Yanhong , Wei Jumeng , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current limited and uneven distribution of lithium resources has stimulated strong motivation to develop new rechargeable batteries that use alternative charge carriers. Potassium‐based batteries are promising candidates for future large‐scale energy storage due to their low cost and high operating voltage. Here for the first time, a rechargeable K/Br battery is reported, which is assembled with a hollow carbon spheres cathode, a K metal anode, and a SOBr2 electrolyte containing AlBr3 and potassium bis‐(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The in situ formed crystalline KBr protective film during discharging plays a significant role in this system. The redox reaction between the KBr film and liquid Br2 at the cathode contributes to the main reversible capacity. K/Br battery exhibits high capacity (up to 400 mAh g‐1) and constant operating voltage (at 3.72 V vs K+/K). As a proof of concept, the K/Br battery demonstrated in this work points to a new pathway for low‐cost and next‐generation rechargeable batteries.
Two‐Inch Wafer‐Scale Exfoliation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Films Fabricated by RF‐Sputtering
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Mingdi , Bai Yunhe , Zhang Qifan , Zhang Haoran , Tian Zhenhuan , Guo Yanan , Zhu Jingping , Liu Yuhuai , Yun Feng , Wang Tao , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA film stripping method that allows for liquid phase exfoliation assisted by spin coating polymethyl methacrylate has been investigated, resulting in a two‐inch hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) film to be fully stripped and then transferred. A number of key factors that can influence the stripping and the transferring process of the films grown by sputtering have been systematically analyzed, including different solutions, different concentration of solution and different thickness of films. The morphology and properties of the hBN films before and after stripping have been characterized. The band edge absorption peak of the transferred film is 229 nm and the corresponding optical band gap is 5.50 eV. Such transferred hBN films have been fabricated into transparent resistive switching devices on indium‐tin‐oxide glass, demonstrating a constant resistance window of ≈102 even under different applied voltages. This work systematically studies the stripping process, characterizes the transferred films, and explores the application in the field of resistance switching, which lay a foundation for the further application of hBN materials in optoelectronic devices.
Surface Redox Pseudocapacitance Boosting Vanadium Nitride for High‐Power and Ultra‐Stable Potassium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Xu Chengrong , Mu Jinglin , Zhou Tong , Tian Shuang , Gao Peibo , Yin Guangchao , Zhou Jin , Li Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeveloping a high‐rate and stable battery‐type anode to match the capacitor‐type cathode is a critical issue for potassium ion capacitors (PICs). Surface‐redox pseudocapacitive materials can meet this demand due to their fast surface Faradaic reaction kinetics and superior structure stability during charging–discharging. Herein, a free‐standing anode by growing VN particle‐composed nanosheets on carbon fibers (VN@CFs) is developed. The VN@CFs is endowed with high reversible capacity of 245.8 mA h g–1 at 0.05 A g–1, high rate performance of 102.7 mA h g–1 at 6.0 A g–1, and long‐term stability. Based on the in situ XRD, ex situ XPS and TEM characterizations, and density functional theory calculations, it is proved that the potassium storage of VN derives from a surface‐redox pseudocapacitive mechanism between VN and K+, rather than an intercalation or conversion reaction. As expected, the as‐assembled PICs based on the VN@CFs anode show an ultrahigh power output of 10.9 kW kg–1 when keeping an energy density of 49.2 Wh kg–1 and excellent capacity retention of 86.8% after 15000 cycles.
Low‐Temperature Melting and Glass Formation of the Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ZIF‐62 and ZIF‐76 through Ionic Liquid Incorporation
Authors: Nozari Vahid , Smirnova Oksana , Tuffnell Joshua M. , Knebel Alexander , Bennett Thomas D. , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHybrid glass formation offers a potential route for processing metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in bulk shapes, however, only a small number of MOFs have proven to be meltable. For the non‐meltable zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐8, ionic liquid (IL) incorporation has recently been found to reduce the melting temperature to below the thermal decomposition temperature, thus, enabling the formation of IL@ZIF‐8 glasses. Here, the effect of IL incorporation on the enthalpic response of some zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and other MOFs upon heating is reported. For ZIF‐62, ZIF‐67, ZIF‐76, and MIL‐68, the accessibility of the metal site and MOF porosity govern the meltability of IL@MOF composites. IL incorporation enables the formation of ZIF‐76 glasses, and significantly reduces the melting temperature of ZIF‐62 but does not seem to facilitate the melting of ZIF‐67 or MIL‐68 (before thermal decomposition). Although the thermal stability limit of the IL plays an important role in governing the melting window of the IL@MOF composite, by careful selection of the melting temperature, thermal decomposition and compositional changes upon melting can be avoided to a greater extent. IL incorporation seems to offer a more universal route for melting MOFs, but requires careful adaption to the specific MOF architecture.
Study of Metal–Dielectric Interface for Improving Electrical Properties and Reliability of DRAM Capacitor
Authors: Lim HanJin , Choi Jae Hyoung , Cho Gihee , Chang Jaewan , Kim Younsoo , Jung Hyung‐Suk , Shin Kyoung‐Sub , Seo Hyungtak , Jeon Hyeongtag 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe interface between a dielectric thin film and a metal electrode is studied to improve reliability as well as electrical properties of the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitor in dynamic random‐access memory (DRAM) devices. The interfacial layers between a dielectric thin film and a metal electrode play important functional roles such as increasing the electrical barrier or preventing oxygen defects in high‐k dielectrics. By introducing an electrical barrier layer or a sacrificial layer at the metal–dielectric interface for engineering the electronic band, lattice, or dipole, various effects could be confirmed such as the conduction band offset (CBO), bandgap or mismatch modulation for controlling the dielectric loss depending on the AC frequency or leakage current of MIM capacitors. Upon the insertion of Al2O3 as an electrical barrier layer, CBO increased because of the band engineering. Further, upon the insertion of TiO2 as a sacrificial layer at the interface, CBO increased because of the dipole formation at the interface, attributed to the difference in electronegativity. Thus, a robust MIM capacitor for DRAM that maintains a low leakage current and has improved reliability which is realized using the proper combination of interfacial layers.
Quantization of Mode Shifts in Nanocavities Integrated with Atomically Thin Sheets
Authors: Fang Nan , Yamashita Daiki , Fujii Shun , Otsuka Keigo , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Nagashio Kosuke , Kato Yuichiro K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe unique optical properties of 2D layered materials are attractive for achieving increased functionality in integrated photonics. Owing to the van der Waals nature, these materials are ideal for integrating with nanoscale photonic structures. Here a carefully designed air‐mode silicon photonic crystal nanobeam cavity for efficient control through 2D materials is reported. By systematically investigating various types and thicknesses of 2D materials, the authors are able to show that enhanced responsivity allows for giant shifts of the resonant wavelength. With atomically precise thickness over a macroscopic area, few‐layer flakes give rise to quantization of the mode shifts. The dielectric constant of the flakes is extracted and found to be independent of the layer number down to a monolayer. Flexible reconfiguration of a cavity is demonstrated by stacking and removing ultrathin flakes. With an unconventional cavity design, these results open up new possibilities for photonic devices integrated with 2D materials.
Natural <3 nm Interbedded Gaps to Trap Target Molecules and Provide an Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Method
Authors: Qin Miao , Ge Meihong , Li Pan , Chen Siyu , Huang Guangyao , Tong Xianhong , Han Wei , Ren Delong , He Yao , Lin Dongyue , Yang Liangbao , Tian Zhongqun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo improve the sensitivity of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by constructing smaller hot spots and making the target molecules more accessible, a liquid–liquid interface assembly method is used to construct a three‐layer Ag nanoparticle film structure, wherein the nanoparticles between the adjacent upper and lower layers form natural smaller gaps of 1–3 nm. The target solution is pumped into these gaps using the principle of natural transpiration (the nanopump effect). The resulting hot spot density and efficiency are significantly higher than that of the normal dry‐state method. In addition, the detection limit reaches 1 amol, which is a reduction of 2–3 orders of magnitude compared to the dry‐state method. It is also demonstrated that this dynamic detection process is suitable for detecting the substance changes occurring during sperm–oocyte binding. This method therefore provides a new means for target molecules to actively enter naturally interbedded smaller gaps and provides essentially unlimited possibilities for SERS detection.
Dual‐Band Perovskite Bulk Heterojunction Self‐Powered Photodetector for Encrypted Communication and Imaging
Authors: Cao Fa , Yan Tingting , Li Ziqing , Wu Limin , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelf‐powered, dual‐band photodetection of electromagnetic signals promises wide photoelectric applications in imaging, communication, environmental monitoring, and rescue. However, most reported dual‐band photodetectors (PDs) based on various heterojunctions are realized by complex fabrication processes, which may introduce defects in the depletion layer. Here, first, a self‐powered dual‐band PD based on lead‐free perovskite bulk heterojunction (Cs3Bi2Br9/Cs3BiBr6) fabricated by a one‐step spatial confinement method is demonstrated. Its two peaks of self‐powered responsivities are 59.4 mA W−1 at 360 nm and 3.09 mA W−1 at 450 nm. A high on/off ratio (18881), fast response speed (rise time 200 ns; decay time 1.09 µs), high detectivity (1.2 × 1012 Jones), and cycle stability are realized under UV band, which exceeds most reported state‐of‐the‐art lead‐free halide perovskite PDs. The dual‐band PD is suitable for encrypted communication and image sensing. This research represents a new frontier in the search for novel dual‐band high‐performance PDs based on lead‐free perovskite bulk heterojunction fabricated by low‐cost and simple fabrication methods.
On the Origin of Photoluminescence Enhancement in Biicosahedral AgxAu25−x Nanoclusters (x = 0–13) and Their Application to Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion
Authors: Mitsui Masaaki , Arima Daichi , Kobayashi Yuki , Lee Eunji , Niihori Yoshiki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNumerous reports hitherto show that the photoluminescence (PL) properties of metal nanoclusters (NCs) can be enhanced by alloying the metal cores. In particular, biicosahedral [AgxAu25−x(PPh3)10(SR)5Cl2]2+ (abbreviated as AgxAu25−x hereafter; with PPh3 = triphenylphosphine; SR = thiolate ligand) NCs attract significant attention because their PL quantum yield is improved by 200 times when 13 Au atoms are replaced with Ag atoms (x = 13). In this contribution, the origin of the PL in the AgxAu25−x system and its remarkable enhancement are investigated on the basis of spectroscopic investigations of the PL behavior and its quenching by an organic fluorophore, finding that (i) the observed PL of AgxAu25−x is phosphorescent; (ii) not only Ag13Au12 but also Ag12Au13 NCs contribute to the PL; and (iii) replacing the central vertex atom of the biicosahedron with an Ag atom causes a blue shift of the triplet states, which suppresses the T1–S0 intersystem crossing and enhances the phosphorescence emission. Additionally, the results of single‐particle PL spectroscopy and defocused imaging with rotation of linearly polarized excitation light reveal that the phosphorescence transition dipole moment of Ag13Au12 exists in the long axis direction of the biicosahedron. Furthermore, the AgxAu25−x NCs can sensitize molecular triplets and efficiently induce red‐to‐blue photon upconversion via triplet–triplet annihilation.