bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(E)‐Trust and Its Function: Why We Shouldn't Apply Trust and Trustworthiness to Human–AI Relations
Authors: Al Pepijn 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWith an increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, theorists have analyzed and argued for the promotion of trust in AI and trustworthy AI. Critics have objected that AI does not have the characteristics to be an appropriate subject for trust. However, this argumentation is open to counterarguments. Firstly, rejecting trust in AI denies the trust attitudes that some people experience. Secondly, we can trust other non‐human entities, such as animals and institutions, so why can we not trust AI systems? Finally, human–AI trust is criticized based on a conception of human–human trust, which does not recognize the distinctiveness of the human–AI relationship. This article aims to refute these counterarguments based on the genealogical analyses of ‘trust’ and ‘trustworthiness’ of Karen Jones and Thomas Simpson, who show that trust and trustworthiness help to overcome vulnerabilities. This function of trust gives reason to use human–human trust as a standard. For this function, it is important that trustees are responsive to trust. While animals and institutions could be responsive, narrow AI systems are unable to be responsive to trust. Therefore, we should not apply trust to AI and instead direct our trust to those who can be responsive to and held responsible for our trust.
Permissive parenting mediates parental stress and child emotions in families of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Faught Gayle G. , Phillips B. Allyson , Conners Frances A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundParenting styles mediate parental stress and child emotions in families of typically developing (TD) children. Our main aim was to study these relations in families of children with Down syndrome (DS), who in past research reported increased parental stress and permissive parenting.MethodOur sample included 100 parents of children with DS and 72 parents of TD children age 4–12 years. Parents completed online surveys of parental adjustment and emotion regulation (ER), parenting styles, and child ER and mood.ResultsParents of children with DS reported more distress and permissive parenting than parents of TD children. Within parents of children with DS, there was an indirect effect of parental stress on child emotions through permissive parenting. This effect was partly conditional upon parental ER and positive adjustment.ConclusionsResults have implications for distressed parents of children with DS whose families may benefit from improved coping strategies and increased support.
Butyrylcholinesterase distribution in the mouse gastrointestinal tract: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Severi Ilenia , Abbatelli Silvia , Perugini Jessica , Di Mercurio Eleonora , Senzacqua Martina , Giordano Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractButyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a hydrolytic enzyme that together with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) belongs to the cholinesterase family. Whereas AChE has a well‐established role in regulating cholinergic neurotransmission in central and peripheral synapses, the physiological role of BChE remains elusive. In this morphological immunohistochemical and double‐label confocal microscopy study we investigated the distribution of BChE in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. BChE‐positive cells were detected in the liver (both in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes), in the keratinised layers of the squamous epithelium of the oesophagus and forestomach, in the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, in the mucus‐secreting cells of duodenal Brunner glands and the small and large intestinal mucosa. Interestingly, BChE‐positive cells were often detected close to gastrointestinal proliferative niches. In the oxyntic mucosa, the close proximity of ghrelin‐producing and BChE‐positive parietal cells suggests that BChE may be involved in ghrelin hydrolysation through paracrine action. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive morphological study performed to gain insight into the physiological role of BChE in the gastrointestinal tract.
Unraveling the relation between vitiligo, Interleukin 17, and serum amyloid A
Authors: Ahmed Aliaa Abd Elsalam , Mikhael Nancy Wadie , Elfallah Asmaa Adel , Hamed Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is debate concerning the precise etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. According to certain theories, a series of inflammatory responses that mediate the loss of melanocytes are caused by both cellular and humoral immune responses. It has also been demonstrated that Interleukin 17 (IL‐17) promotes melanocyte death and inhibits melanogenesis through different mechanisms. Serum Amyloid A (SAA) levels are over‐expressed in autoimmune diseases. Th17 cytokines are regulated by serum amyloid A proteins.AimsTo measure serum levels of IL‐17 and SAA in vitiligo patients aiming to explain their possible role in disease pathogenesis and the other aim is to correlate their levels with disease activity and severity.MethodsThis study included 60 vitiligo patients and 40 healthy age and sex controls. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum levels of SAA and IL‐17.ResultsThis study revealed significant increase in levels of serum IL‐17 and SAA in patients than controls (p < 0.05). Both markers showed significant positive correlations with VASI score and duration of vitiligo; only IL‐17 showed statistically significant positive correlation with VIDA scores. Patients with vitiligo showed a statistically significant positive connection between serum IL‐17 levels and SAA (γ = 0.992, p‐value <0.05).ConclusionIncreased serum level of IL‐17 and SAA in vitiligo patients together with their positive relation to vitiligo severity and the duration of the disease show that these two markers play a key role in the vitiligo development.
Ostomy‐related problems and their impact on quality of life of Saudi ostomate patients: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Alenezi Aishah , Livesay Karen , McGrath Ian , Kimpton Amanda 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAim and objectiveThe aim of this study is to explore the health‐related quality of life outcomes and ostomy‐related obstacles among patients with ostomy in Saudi Arabia.BackgroundNegative effects on quality of life for patients following ostomy creation are a globally important health concern. Paucity of understanding factors that influenced quality of care after ostomy surgery hinders the ability of healthcare providers to offer appropriate care to improve patient's quality of care.MethodsThis mixed‐methods study was undertaken through survey (COHQOL‐Q Arabic version) for collecting the quantitative data (n = 421) and semi‐structured interview for collecting qualitative data (n = 12). This study employed STROBE and GRAMMS checklists.ResultsMultiple health‐related quality of life challenges was indicated by Saudi patients with intestinal stomas. Ostomy surgery interferes with religious practice in Muslim people, particularly obtaining Hajj worship and fasting for Ramadan. The overall QOL mean score was moderate level (M = 7.57) for ostomy patients in Saudi Arabia. The highest domain mean score was the social well‐being (M = 7.84) and the lowest in the physical well‐being (M = 7.18). Reshaping of religious practices, apprehension and adaptation to living with a stoma were the most common themes that participants discussed related to ostomy issues they experienced following ostomy surgery.ConclusionThe study findings reported a greater understanding of challenges that patients with stoma experience in Saudi Arabia. The process of the adaptation and the change of their lifestyle also affects patient's quality of life. The healthcare providers can use the study results to create a supportive intervention strategy that needed for maximise QOL for people with stoma.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study identifies issues associated with stoma creation among Saudi people and can help in planning and providing the required nursing care which may support in the reduction of predictable problems. Recommendations for future studies related to nursing professional practice are indicated.
Digging into legal archaeology: a methodology for case study research
Authors: NOTTINGHAM EMMA 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraditional legal scholarship has been dominated by doctrinal analysis. When cases are analysed, attention has commonly focused upon the legal issues, judicial reasoning, and case outcome. However, alternative approaches can lead to new or different conclusions. Legal archaeology is a type of micro‐level case study research that examines a case in its socio‐historical context, using mainly original sources, to construct a more detailed case narrative than that presented in the case report. Rather than trying to fit newly discovered evidence to pre‐existing doctrine or respond to a research question, legal archaeology focuses on the subjective, variable nature of cases and captures their uniqueness. Reflecting on a legal archaeology study previously undertaken by the author in addition to existing works, this article emphasizes the importance of legal archaeology as a tool for case study research and suggests a four‐stage approach for the process of investigation that could be replicated by scholars in future.
Using the primal approach to derive the second‐best rules for different public services in a general competitive growth model
Authors: Jin Ge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper we establish a general competitive growth model which includes public consumption services and public productive services, which are financed by capital and labor income taxes. By using the primal approach, we derive the second‐best rules for both types of public services and compare them with the conventional first‐best rules. Particularly, we find that the second‐best rule for public consumption generally differs from the conventional rule due to distortionary taxation. Whether the conventional rule represents an under‐ or over‐supply of public consumption depends on the form of preference. Finally, by solving a specific example theoretically and numerically, we show that the absolute difference of the first‐ and second‐best ratios of public‐to‐private consumption increases with an increase in distorting taxes as long as the two ratios differ.
DLK1‐directed chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhai Yangyang , He Kunyan , Huang Liyu , Shang Xuyang , Wang Guangxing , Yuan Guandou , Han Ze‐Guang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDelta‐like homologue 1 (DLK1), a transmembrane protein, is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored whether DLK1‐directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can specifically eliminate DLK1‐positive HCC cells and serve as a therapeutic strategy for HCC immunotherapy.MethodsWe first characterized a homemade anti‐human DLK1 monoclonal antibody, sequenced the single‐chain Fragment variable (scFv) and integrated it into the second‐generation CAR lentiviral vector, and then developed the DLK1‐directed CAR‐T cells. The cytotoxic activities of DLK1‐directed CAR‐T cells against different HCC cells were evaluated in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe genetically modified human T cells with the DLK1‐directed CARs produced cytotoxic activity against DLK1‐positive HCC cells. Additionally, the DLK1‐directed CARs enhanced T cell proliferation and activation in a DLK1‐dependent manner. Interestingly, the DLK1‐targeted CAR‐T cells significantly inhibited both subcutaneous and peritoneal xenograft tumours derived from human liver cancer cell lines HepG2 or Huh‐7.ConclusionDLK1‐directed CAR‐T cells specifically suppresses DLK1‐positive HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a novel transmembrane antigen DLK1 as a potential therapeutic target appropriate for CAR‐T cell therapy, which may be further developed as a clinical therapeutic strategy for HCC immunotherapy.
Factors that influence women's engagement with breastfeeding support: A qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Bengough Theresa , Dawson Shoba , Cheng Hui‐Lin , McFadden Alison , Gavine Anna , Rees Rebecca , Sacks Emma , Hannes Karin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding is an integral part of early childhood interventions as it can prevent serious childhood and maternal illnesses. For breastfeeding support programmes to be effective, a better understanding of contextual factors that influence women's engagement and satisfaction with these programmes is needed. The aim of this synthesis is to suggest strategies to increase the level of satisfaction with support programmes and to better match the expectations and needs of women. We systematically searched for studies that used qualitative methods for data collection and analysis and that focused on women's experiences and perceptions regarding breastfeeding support programmes. We applied a maximum variation purposive sampling strategy and used thematic analysis. We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using a modified version of the CASP tool and assessed our confidence in the findings using the GRADE‐CERQual approach. We included 51 studies of which we sampled 22 for in‐depth analysis. Our sampled studies described the experiences of women with formal breastfeeding support by health care professionals in a hospital setting and informal support as for instance from community support groups. Our findings illustrate that the current models of breastfeeding support are dependent on a variety of contextual factors encouraging and supporting women to initiate and continue breastfeeding. They further highlight the relevance of providing different forms of support based on socio‐cultural norms and personal backgrounds of women, especially if the support is one‐on‐one. Feeding decisions of women are situated within a woman's personal situation and may require diverse forms of support.
Anaemia, anthropometric undernutrition and associated factors among mothers with children younger than 2 years of age in the rural Dale district, southern Ethiopia: A community‐based study
Authors: Kebede Tsigereda B. , Mengesha Selamawit , Lindtjorn Bernt , Engebretsen Ingunn Marie S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMothers in resource‐poor settings are affected by different forms of undernutrition. However, the nutritional status of mothers in rural areas, particularly after delivery, is not well documented. This study assessed haemoglobin levels and body mass index (BMI) of mothers with children below 2 years of age in a rural district of southern Ethiopia. Factors associated with low haemoglobin levels and low BMI were analysed. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 931 mother‐child pairs. Structured and standard questionnaires were used to collect data on background information, 24 h dietary recalls, and household food insecurity. Anthropometric and haemoglobin level assessments were performed. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin levels below 12.0 g/dl, and anthropometric undernutrition was defined as a BMI <18.5 kg/m2. Multilevel linear regression was used to determine associations. Out of 931 mothers, 12.8% were anaemic and 12.6% had a BMI <18.5 kg/m2. The prevalence of minimum dietary diversity was 37.8%. The majority (78.5%) of the households were food insecure. Weight (β 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003−0.03), dietary diversity (β 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03−0.12) and secondary school attendance (β 0.34; 95% CI: 0.08−0.59) were associated with the mothers' haemoglobin level. Dietary diversity (β 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01−0.16) and household's wealth (β 0.6; 95% CI: 0.27−0.94) were associated with the mothers' BMI. Findings suggest that education and community‐based nutrition interventions must be strengthened to ensure household food security. Implementation of the national food‐based strategies should be considered, to improve the dietary diversity and nutritional status of mothers.
Are Fiscal Multipliers Estimated with Proxy‐SVARs Robust?*
Authors: Angelini Giovanni , Caggiano Giovanni , Castelnuovo Efrem , Fanelli Luca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe estimate government spending and tax multipliers in the United States via a flexible proxy‐SVAR model, where identification is achieved by combining fiscal and non‐fiscal instruments with additional parametric restrictions. We find that, while the spending multiplier is robustly estimated to be larger than one across different models, the estimate of the tax multiplier is sensitive to the combination of instruments that we use. We unveil that the key factor behind these heterogeneous estimates is the assumption of orthogonality between total factor productivity (our main non‐fiscal proxy) and the tax shock. If this assumption is imposed, the tax multiplier is around one. If it is not imposed, the tax multiplier is three times as large. Our results point to the need of accounting for the large uncertainty surrounding the tax multiplier for the design of optimal fiscal policies.
Delayed medical care due to transportation barriers among US children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zheng David X. , Cwalina Thomas B. , Mulligan Kathleen M. , Gallo Marin Benjamin , O'Connell Katie A. , Shah Sonal D. , Kwatra Shawn G. , Mostaghimi Arash 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur objective was to examine the prevalence and predictors of delayed medical care due to transportation barriers among children with atopic dermatitis (AD) living in the United States (US). We analyzed data from the 1998–2018 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative survey of US households. In 2018, transport‐delayed care was reported for 3.4% of US children with AD, representing approximately 279,000 children annually given the National Health Interview Survey's weighted survey design, and was more common among patients of lower socioeconomic status. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing transportation barriers to healthcare among at‐risk AD patients may reduce health disparities related to AD.
Changes in arterial blood vessels and VEGF and Ang‐1 expression in pregnant and non‐pregnant yak uterine caruncle
Authors: Long Min , Cui Yan , Pang Xin , Wang Biao , He Junfeng , Zhang Qian , Yu Sijiu , Bai Xuefeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigated the structural features of arterial blood vessels in yak uterine caruncle and the effects of the expression of vascular regulation‐related factors on angiogenesis in pregnant and non‐pregnant yak uterus. Three‐dimensional specimens of the uterine artery of non‐pregnant and pregnant yaks were produced to observe and measure the distribution characteristics and number of arterial vessels in the uterus and caruncle in the two periods. The uterine caruncle structure was observed and analysed by haematoxylin–eosin staining. The expression features of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1) in the uterine caruncle were detected with immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting. The length and number of blood vessels in the caruncle were increased, the degree of curvature was decreased, and the folding was more complicated during pregnancy as compared with that during non‐pregnancy. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated that VEGF and Ang‐1 were mainly expressed strongly in the mucosal epithelial cytoplasm. The glandular lumen of the uterine gland, lymphocytes and the media and adventitia of blood vessels are widely distributed, and they are all positive. VEGF and Ang‐1 mRNA and protein levels were highest in pregnancy, followed by that in the luteal phase and in the follicular phase, and three stages were significantly different (p < .05). These findings provide an anatomical reference and theoretical basis for improving the diagnosis and treatment of yak reproductive disorders and other diseases in high‐altitude and low‐oxygen environments.
Linebreeding as a system of stock breeding to improve the productive qualities of horses of the Kushum breed
Authors: Rzabayev Tolybek S. , Assanbayev Tolegen Sh. , Rzabayev Serikbay , Bazargaliyev Alibek , Rzabayev Kalybek S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPossessing high meat and dairy productivity and good reproductive and adaptive qualities to year‐round grazing, the Kushum breed plays an exceptional role in the improvement of productive qualities in horse herding in Kazakhstan and the former Soviet republics. The aim of the study was to develop breeding methods for creating new highly productive breeding lines for the Kushum breed horses. The leading method was linebreeding, which is based on the systematic use of remarkable animals, the offspring of which will accumulate and develop all the desired qualities and traits. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that new highly productive breeding lines of the Kushum horse have been created. On this basis, a new intra‐breed type of horses with increased live weight, high productivity and adaptive qualities for winter grazing in the Republic of Kazakhstan was created. The results of the study were introduced in farms engaged in breeding Kushum horses. Highly productive stallions of the Kushum breed of new genotypes are sold in horse breeding farms of the republic. These studies are used in the development of a comprehensive plan for selection and breeding work and a scientifically grounded system for conducting productive horse breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the creation of new highly productive breeding lines of stallions of the Kushum breed Krepysh and Grom, as well as in substantiating the creation of the Samotsvet line with high adaptive qualities.
User‐centered road network traffic analysis with MobilityDB
Authors: Sakr Mahmoud , Zimányi Esteban , Vaisman Alejandro , Bakli Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPerformance indicators of road networks are a long‐lasting topic of research. Existing schemes assess network properties such as the average speed on road segments and the queuing time at intersections. The increasing availability of user trajectories, collected mainly using mobile phones with a variety of applications, creates opportunities for developing user‐centered performance indicators. Performing such an analysis on big trajectory data sets remains a challenge for the existing data management systems, because they lack support for spatiotemporal trajectory data. This article presents an end‐to‐end solution, based on MobilityDB, a novel moving object database system that extends PostgreSQL with spatiotemporal data types and functions. A new class of indicators is proposed, focused on the users' experience. The indicators address the network design, the traffic flow, and the driving comfort of the motorists. Furthermore, these indicators are expressed as analytical MobilityDB queries over a big set of real vehicle trajectories.