bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Software test results exploration and visualization with continuous integration and nightly testing
Authors: Strandberg Per Erik , Afzal Wasif , Sundmark Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSoftware testing is key for quality assurance of embedded systems. However, with increased development pace, the amount of test results data risks growing to a level where exploration and visualization of the results are unmanageable. This paper covers a tool, Tim, implemented at a company developing embedded systems, where software development occurs in parallel branches and nightly testing is partitioned over software branches, test systems and test cases. Tim aims to replace a previous solution with problems of scalability, requirements and technological flora. Tim was implemented with a reference group over several months. For validation, data were collected both from reference group meetings and logs from the usage of the tool. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The main contributions from the study include the implementation of eight views for test results exploration and visualization, the identification of four solutions patterns for these views (filtering, aggregation, previews and comparisons), as well as six challenges frequently discussed at reference group meetings (expectations, anomalies, navigation, integrations, hardware details and plots). Results are put in perspective with related work and future work is proposed, e.g., enhanced anomaly detection and integrations with more systems such as risk management, source code and requirements repositories.
Biosynthesis of butyrate from methanol and carbon monoxide by recombinant Acetobacterium woodii
Authors: Chowdhury Nilanjan Pal , Litty Dennis , Müller Volker 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Methanol is one of the most widely produced organic substrates from syngas and can serve as a bio-feedstock to cultivate acetogenic bacteria which allows a major contribution to reducing greenhouse gas. Acetobacterium woodii is one of the very few acetogens that can utilize methanol to produce acetate as sole product. Since A. woodii is genetically tractable, it is an interesting candidate to introduce recombinant pathways for production of bio-commodities from methanol. In this study, we introduced the butyrate production operon from a related acetogen, Eubacterium callanderi KIST612, into A. woodii and show a stable production of butyrate from methanol. This study also reveals how butyrate production by recombinant A. woodii strains can be enhanced with addition of electrons in the form of carbon monoxide. Our results not only show a stable expression system of non-native enzymes in A. woodii but also increase in the product spectrum of A. woodii to compounds with higher economic value.
Barriers and facilitators of childhood flu vaccination: the views of parents in North East England
Authors: Price Timothy , McColl Elaine , Visram Shelina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to complete a descriptive qualitative investigation of parents’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to flu vaccination for pre-school children.

Subject and method
Participants were recruited through various communication channels to maximize sample variation. Invitations to participate in the study were sent to members of the Newcastle University Parent Network and to parents who had participated in previous research conducted at Newcastle University. Twelve participants (six with vaccinated children, six whose children were not vaccinated) took part in a semi-structured interview via Zoom. Transcripts were coded using Nvivo 12 and data were thematically analyzed using the COM-B model of health behavior change.

Results
Participants whose children were not vaccinated against flu nonetheless generally held favourable views of vaccination and reported low concern about side-effects. Barriers involved a combination of internal and external factors, mainly a lack of convenient access to vaccination opportunities and flu vaccination being a low priority for busy parents.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that socioeconomic status, which is known to influence other vaccination behaviors, may influence uptake of the flu vaccine in this population. Inconvenient vaccination opportunities and a lack of awareness of the need to vaccinate are major barriers to uptake for some parents. The finding that belief that flu vaccination is a civic responsibility is a new contribution to the literature.
Impacts of Boundary-Layer Structure and Turbulence on the Variations of PM2.5 During Fog–Haze Episodes
Authors: Ju Tingting , Wu Bingui , Zhang Hongsheng , Wang Zhaoyu , Liu Jingle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe precise cause of PM2.5 (fine particular matter with a diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) explosive growth and the contribution of intermittent turbulence to the dispersion of PM2.5 are uncertain. Thus, the impact of boundary-layer structure and turbulence on the variations of surface PM2.5 during fog–haze episodes, especially during explosive growth and dispersion episodes, are investigated using turbulence data collected at a 255-m high meteorological tower in Tianjin from 2016 to 2018. Results suggest that the explosive growth of surface PM2.5 during fog–haze episodes is closely related to weak turbulent mixing, nocturnal inversions, or anomalous inversions, and the barrier effect of strong turbulent intermittency. Turbulent intermittency acts as a lid for hindering pollutant dispersion and is favourable for the fast accumulation of surface PM2.5. Apart from the potential causes mentioned above, the persistent moderate south-westerly flow is also a contributing factor for the explosive growth of surface PM2.5 during fog–haze episodes associated with regional transport. In addition, we demonstrate a possible mechanism of how intermittent turbulence affects the dispersion of PM2.5. Results verify that intermittent turbulence induced by the nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) indeed plays an important role in the dispersion of PM2.5. However, the contribution of intermittent turbulence generated by the nocturnal LLJ to the dispersion of PM2.5 strongly relies on the intensity of the nocturnal LLJ.
Investigating sentence severity with judicial open data
Authors: Hartel Pieter , + Wegberg Rolf , van Staalduinen Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOpen data promotes transparency and accountability as everyone can analyse it. Law enforcement and the judiciary are increasingly making data available, to increase trust and confidence in the criminal justice system. Due to privacy legislation, judicial open data — like court judgements — in Europe is usually anonymized. And even if the court judgement has been made public, the rest of the case file is usually not published. Therefore, the question arises to what extent criminological research into sentencing can make use of anonymized open data. We answer this question based on a case study in which we use the open data of the Dutch criminal justice system that is available on https://www.rechtspraak.nl/Uitspraken. Over the period 2015–2020, we analysed sentencing in 25,366 court judgements and investigated the relationship between sentence severity and the offender’s use of advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The most important results are, firstly, that offenders who use advanced ICT are sentenced to longer custodial sentences compared to other offenders. Secondly, sentencing research with open data is found to be feasible.
Non-destructive Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Materials
Authors: Domingo-Roca R. , Asciak L. , Windmill J. F. C. , Mulvana H. , Jackson-Camargo J. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe determination of the mechanical properties of materials is predominantly undertaken using destructive approaches. Such approaches are based on well-established mathematical formulations where a physical property of the material is measured as a function of an input under controlled conditions provided by some machine, such as load–displacement curves in indentation tests and stress–strain plots in tensile testing. The main disadvantage of these methods is that they involve destruction of samples as they are usually tested to failure to determine the properties of interest. This means that large sample sizes are required to obtain statistical certainty, a condition that, depending on the material, may mean the process is both time consuming and expensive. In addition, for rapid prototyping and small-batch manufacturing of polymers, these techniques may be inappropriate either due to excessive cost or high polymer composition variability between batches. In this paper we discuss how the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory can be exploited for experimental, non-destructive assessment of the mechanical properties of three different 3D-printed materials: a plastic, an elastomer, and a hydrogel. We demonstrate applicability of the approach for materials, which vary by several orders of magnitude of Young’s moduli, by measuring the resonance frequencies of appended rectangular cantilevers using laser Doppler vibrometry. The results indicate that experimental determination of the resonance frequency can be used to accurately determine the exact elastic modulus of any given 3D-printed component. We compare the obtained results with those obtained by tensile testing for comparison and validation.
An enhancement method of waveform simulation in dual-color laser field imaging based on Internet of Things
Authors: Yin Jing , Xu Xiao-lin , Xiong Xiao-hua , Marszałek Zbigniew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn view of the fact that the existing methods are easy to be affected by nonlinear factors in the incident process of the light source, resulting in the received shock wave inconsistent with the reality and large calculation error, a two-color laser field imaging waveform simulation and enhancement method based on the Internet of things is proposed. According to the automatic transformation characteristics of augmented reality technology, the waveform simulation control process of two-color laser field imaging is constructed. The Gaussian distribution characteristics are used to analyze the target, the optical grid and double oscillation device are used to control the results, the spectrum Fourier transform is used to adjust the phase of the waveform, and finally the simulated modulated laser waveform is output. Through the comparison of laser waveform spectrum and peak value, the results show that this method is closest to the actual laser waveform, saves calculation time, and has good practical application effect.
Logical form and logical space in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus
Authors: Spinney Oliver Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article I offer a novel explanation of Wittgenstein’s claim, in hisTractatus, that to represent the logical form of a proposition would require our being positioned outside of logic. The account here presented aims to exploit a connection, widely noticed, between the logical forms of objects and those of the propositions in which the names of those objects figure. I show that the logical forms of propositions may, on Wittgenstein’s view, be identified with places in logical space, and that places in logical space are reducible to the forms of both objects and their names. I argue, though, that according to Wittgenstein the representation of a proposition’s logical form would require the existence of a place in logical space not so reducible. I conclude that on Wittgenstein’s position, the attempt to represent logical forms cannot, therefore, succeed.
Estimating the Economic Effects of the Early Covid-19 Emergency Response in Cities Using Intracity Travel Intensity Data
Authors: Yang Lijiao , Wei Caiyun , Jiang Xinyu , Ye Qian , Tatano Hirokazu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, China implemented the most stringent and serious emergency response. To understand the effect of such an emergency response strategy on the economic system, this study proposed a simultaneous overall estimation method using intracity travel intensity data. The overall effect is represented by the difference between intracity travel intensity with and without the emergency response. Using historical data and time series analysis, we compared intracity travel intensity post China’s implementation of the emergency response with predicted intracity travel intensity without such a response. The loss rates, defined by the proportion of intracity travel intensity loss, were calculated for 360 cities within 33 provincial-level regions in China based on data availability. We found that 30 days after the emergency response, 21% of the cities saw over 80% recovery and 10% of the cities showed more than 90% recovery; 45 days after the emergency response, more than 83% of the 360 cities witnessed 80% recovery. The correlation between gross domestic production loss rate and travel intensity loss rate was studied quantitatively to demonstrate the representativeness of the intracity travel intensity loss rate. This indicator was also used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of the effects on the economy. The results of this study can help us understand the economic effects caused by the early Covid-19 emergency response and the method can be a reference for fast and real-time economic loss estimation to support emergency response decision making under pandemic conditions.
Imaging of Endometriosis: The Role of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Testini Valentina , Eusebi Laura , Grechi Gianluca , Bartelli Francesco , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease characterized by the growth of functional ectopic endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. It causes pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, or infertility. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical history, non-invasive and invasive techniques. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the contribution of imaging techniques, mainly transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose different locations and for the most appropriate treatment planning. Endometriosis requires a multidisciplinary teamwork to manage these patients clinically and surgically.
Combating the infodemic: COVID-19 induced fake news recognition in social media networks
Authors: Biradar Shankar , Saumya Sunil , Chauhan Arun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has caused havoc globally due to its transmission pace among the inhabitants and prolific rise in the number of people contracting the disease worldwide. As a result, the number of people seeking information about the epidemic via Internet media has increased. The impact of the hysteria that has prevailed makes people believe and share everything related to illness without questioning its truthfulness. As a result, it has amplified the misinformation spread on social media networks about the disease. Today, there is an immediate need to restrict disseminating false news, even more than ever before. This paper presents an early fusion-based method for combining key features extracted from context-based embeddings such as BERT, XLNet, and ELMo to enhance context and semantic information collection from social media posts and achieve higher accuracy for false news identification. From the observation, we found that the proposed early fusion-based method outperforms models that work on single embeddings. We also conducted detailed studies using several machine learning and deep learning models to classify misinformation on social media platforms relevant to COVID-19. To facilitate our work, we have utilized the dataset of “CONSTRAINT shared task 2021”. Our research has shown that language and ensemble models are well adapted to this role, with a 97% accuracy.
Determination of two-photon absorption in nucleobase analogues: a QR-DFT perspective
Authors: Malcomson Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the prevalence of fluorescence spectroscopy in biological systems, and the benefits of two-photon absorption techniques, presented here is an assessment of the two-photon accessibility of modern fluorescent nucleobase analogues utilising quadratic response DFT. Due to the complex environment experienced by these nucleobases, the two-photon spectra of each analogue has been assessed in the presence of both $$\pi $$
π
-stacked and hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the canonical nucleobases. Findings suggest that the $$\pi $$
π
-stacking environment provides a more significant effect on the spectra of the analogues studies than a hydrogen-bonding environment; analogue structures presenting high two-photon cross-section values for one or more states coincide with polycyclic extensions to preserved canonical base structure, as observed in the qA family of analogues, while analogue structures more closely resembling the structure of the base in question present a much more muted spectra in comparison. Results from this investigation have also allowed for the derivation of a number of design rules for the development of potential, two-photon specific, analogues for future use in both imaging and potential photochemical activation.

Graphical abstract
Unsteady numerical investigation on gas ingestion into the rotor-stator disk cavities of a 1.5-stage turbine
Authors: He Z. , Zhou J. , Yang C. , Li B. , Qian J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo investigate the downstream rim seal gas ingestion characteristics of a 1.5-stage turbine, the URANS equations were solved numerically using the SST turbulence model. The effects of different purge flow rates and the second vane on the ingestion characteristics of the aft cavity and the nonuniform fluctuations of the main gas path pressure are analysed. The results showed that the aft cavity is affected by the combined effects of the blade and the second vane, and the potential field at the leading edge of the second vane greatly influence the airflow variation in the aft cavity, which enhances the ingress of the mainstream into the wheel-space. The front purge flow weakens the egress between the suction side of the blade and the suction side of the second vane. The potential field at the leading edge of the second vane suppresses the nonuniform distribution of airflow in the aft cavity caused by the rotational effect of the blade.
Investigating risk factors for urine culture contamination in outpatient clinics: A new avenue for diagnostic stewardship
Authors: Whelan Patrick S. , Nelson Alicia , Kim Christopher J. , Tabib Christian , Preminger Glenn M. , Turner Nicholas A. , Lipkin Michael , Advani Sonali D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mixed flora in urine cultures usually occur due to preanalytic contamination. In our outpatient urology clinic, we detected a high prevalence of mixed flora (46.2%), which was associated with female sex and older age. Patient education did not influence the rate of mixed flora. Future efforts should target high-risk patients.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) personal protective equipment training: Using simulation-based training to prevent healthcare-associated infection
Authors: Nagaraj Madhuri B. , Campbell Krystle K. , Kang Minji , Nazareno Ian A. , Arocha Doramarie , Trivedi Julie B. , Scott Daniel J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this pre- and postintervention study, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive simulation-based personal protective equipment (PPE) training amid the COVID-19 pandemic. With rapid-cycle, deliberate practice feedback, simulation-based training can improve the learners’ sense of confidence and security while standardizing PPE protocols.
On the importance of attempting to know the causes of things: a reply to Sunstein
Authors: Oliver Adam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCass Sunstein's contention that evolutionary explanations for behavioural economic phenomena are of limited relevance to public policy – and his support for soft paternalism – rests on his view that policymakers ought to be pursuing increases in some overarching social planning conception of welfare. In this reply to Sunstein, I argue that people have differing and multifarious desires in life, with the social planner's conception of welfare being, at best, perhaps only a partial consideration for most people. The phenomena that behavioural economists and psychologists have empirically observed may well facilitate people in the pursuit of their own desires in life. Consequently, paternalistic manipulation or coercion to save people from themselves is questionable in the behavioural public policy space, but government intervention is warranted when one party implicitly or explicitly uses these phenomena to exploit others.
Protective Measures Practices Among Hospitals’ Professionals Working in a Fragile Health System
Authors: Alsuliman Tamim , Alasadi Lugien , Alrstom Ali , Alabdallah Gheith , Sneij Joseph , Al Khalaf Ruba , Alhalabi Marwan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the protective measures among health-care workers (HCWs) in a war-torn area during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods:
An online cross-sectional questionnaire was administrated to HCWs in Syria between April 1 and May 21, 2020. The questions aimed to assess the HCWs’ application of safety, hygiene, and necessary protection considerations while attending to suspected or proven COVID-19 cases. Unpaired t-test and 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Of the 290 participants included in the statistical analysis, 250 were medical doctors. Low scores of protective practices were noticed among the participants, as only 12% of doctors had a score above 6/15 points, and only 37.5% of nurses had a score of more than 4/12 points. Medical doctors who were not on the frontlines scored significantly higher than those who were on the frontlines (4.69 vs 3.80 points, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
More courses and training sessions should be implemented to improve the practice of protective measures among HCWs (frontliners in particular) in areas with fragile health systems, such as Syria, during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those on the frontlines. Moreover, specific COVID-19 protection measures guidelines to low-income countries are needed.
Total Worker Health®Employer Preparedness: A Proposed Model and Survey of Human Resource Managers’ Perceptions
Authors: Roelofs Cora 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:Recent disasters have demonstrated gaps in employers’ preparedness to protect employees and promote their well-being in the face of disruptive events. Our objective was to develop a useful strategy for advancing comprehensive employer preparedness and to assess employer preparedness in a sample of employers.Methods:ATotal Worker HealthEmployer Preparedness Model was developed to include seven domains: planning, human resources policies, hazard reduction, training, staffing, communications, and resources for resilience. A Survey and scoring Index based upon the Model were administered to human resources professionals in the northeast United States.Results:Seventy-six responded, representing diverse employment sectors. The mean Index score was 8.8 (out of 23), which is a moderate level of preparedness. Nine scored over 15, indicating greater preparedness. Thirteen scored 0. Employers were most prepared for severe weather events and least prepared for acts of violence. There were no significant differences by sector, size, or reach, although the health-care sector reported higher scores.Conclusions:This unique attempt to assess TWH Employer Preparedness can serve as the basis of important further study that strengthens the empirical basis of the construct. Additionally, the Model, Survey, and Index can assist employers in advancing their preparedness for all hazards.