bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecogeographic patterns of macrophyte metacommunities in the Hengduan Mountain Region
Authors: Fu Hui , Guo Jingjing , Ge Yili , Wu Aiping , Li Wei , Liu Huanyao , Yuan Guixiang , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biological communities exhibit multiple distribution patterns at metacommunity scale and assessing the major drivers of these patterns is a key issue in community ecology. Here we aimed to investigate how the environmental and geographic gradients shape the distribution patterns of macrophytes at metacommunity level.We applied the framework of the elements of metacommunity structure (EMS) to identify the distinct types of 48 macrophyte metacommunities in the Hengduan Mountain Region (HDMR) of China. Then we used generalized linear model and model selection approaches to determine which variables contributed to the variations of EMS, and linear discriminant function analysis to evaluate how well the tested variables in predicting the metacommunity patterns.We found wide variations of the three elements of metacommunity structure (i.e., coherence, range turnover, and range boundary clumping). Latitude and alpha diversity were most important in determining coherence, nestedness followed by spatial extent was mostly related to turnover, while sampling depth was significantly associated with boundary clumping. Seven metacommunity types were identified in HDMR and most metacommunities fitted best the Gleasonian (continuous community boundaries) and Clementsian (discrete community boundaries) patterns as well as their quasi-structures. These metacommunity types were best discriminated by nestedness, altitude, and latitude. Our results provide strong evidences of the impact of geographic patterns on macrophyte metacommunities, with the Gleasonian patterns being dominant at the two ends of latitude/altitude gradients and the Clementsian patterns being common in the middle of the gradients.
In Silico Deterministic Assessment on TdP Risks of Drug-drug Interactions under CiPA Paradigm
Authors: Qauli Ali Ikhsanul , Marcellinus Aroli , Setiawan Muhammad Aldo , Zain Andi Faiz Naufal , Pinandito Azka Muhammad , Lim Ki Moo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Researchers have recently proposed the Comprehensive In-vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) to analyze medicines’ TdP risks. Using the TdP metric known as qNet, numerous single-drug effects have been studied to classify the medications as low, intermediate, and high-risk. Furthermore, multiple medication therapies are recognized as a potential method for curing patients, mainly when a limited number of drugs are available. This work expands the TdP risk assessment of drugs by introducing a CiPA-based in silico analysis of the TdP risk of combined drugs. The cardiac cell model was simulated using the population of models approach incorporating drug-drug interactions (DDIs) models for various two-drug combinations. Action potential duration (APD90), qNet, and calcium duration (CaD90) were computed and analyzed as features. The drug combination maps were also utilized to illustrate the impact of DDIs on the TdP risk of combined medicines. We found that the DDIs of the combined drugs alter cell responses in terms of biomarkers such as APD90, qNet, and CaD90 in a highly nonlinear manner. The results also revealed that combinations of high-risk with low-risk and intermediate-risk with low-risk drugs could result in compounds with varying TdP risks depending on the drug concentrations.
Detailed statistical analysis plan for a randomised controlled trial of the effects of a modified muscle sparing posterior technique (SPAIRE) in hip hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular fractures on post-operative function compared to a standard lateral approach: HemiSPAIRE
Authors: Ball Susan , McAndrew Amy , Aylward Alex , Cockcroft Emma , Gordon Elizabeth , Kerridge Alison , Morgan-Trimmer Sarah , Powell Roy , Rhodes Shelley , Timperley Andrew John , Wickins Robert , Charity John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The HemiSPAIRE trial is being conducted to determine whether a modified muscle sparing technique (SPAIRE - “Save Piriformis and Internus, Repairing Externus”) in hip hemiarthroplasty brings clinical benefits compared to the standard lateral technique in adults aged 60 years or older, with a displaced intracapsular hip fracture. This article describes the detailed statistical analysis plan for the trial.Methods and design: HemiSPAIRE is a definitive, pragmatic, superiority, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (with internal pilot) with two parallel groups. Participants, ward staff and all research staff involved in post-operative assessments are blinded to allocation. This article describes in detail (1) the primary and secondary outcomes, (2) the statistical analysis principles, including: a survivor average causal effect (SACE) method chosen specifically to address the issue of potential bias from differential survival between trial arms, which was seen from data review by the Trial Steering Committee; the participants that will be included in each analysis; the covariates that will be included in each analysis, and how the results will be presented, (3) planned main analysis of the primary outcome; (4) planned analyses of the secondary outcomes, (5) planned additional analyses of the primary and secondary outcomes.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04095611. Registered on 19 September 2019.
Phase singularities of tightly focused high-order axially symmetric polarized beams in the focal region
Authors: Zhou Zhehai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phase singularities of tight focused high-order axially symmetric polarized beams are studied theoretically based on vector diffraction theory. The phase distributions of focused fields are analyzed based on the mathematical expressions of focused fields which are derived using Richards & Wolf diffraction theory, and the numerical simulation results are presented further for beams with different polarization orders. We find that the phase singularities of the tightly focused fields are related with several parameters, such as numerical-aperture of objective lens, polarization order of incident beams, pupil filling factor and so on, which means the phase distributions including singularities properties of the focused fields can be modulated by changing these parameters, and provide some unique applications in optical trapping, microscopy and near-field optics.
Science governs the future of the mesopelagic zone
Authors: Schadeberg Amanda , Kraan Marloes , Groeneveld Rolf , Trilling Damian , Bush Simon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractScientists have studied the open ocean’s mesopelagic zone, extending from 200m-1000m depth, for more than 70 years. As renewed interest in this global ecosystem grows, divergent proposals and knowledge claims are being made on its current and future role in supporting human life. We use automated content analysis to identify 13 latent topics about the mesopelagic zone from 2,226 scientific abstracts and 4,066 tweets. Two dominant ideas emerge: (1) the exploitation of fish resources and (2) the potential of the mesopelagic zone as a carbon sink. We find that, in the absence of national or international governing institutions, science plays ade factogoverning role by shaping how the ecosystem is known to the public and policymakers alike. These results indicate the need for new knowledge and governance arrangements that can broaden the range of meanings and knowledge needed to anticipate future uses of deeply uncertain ecosystems and resources.
The Construction of a Novel Ferroptosis-Related LncRNA Model to Predict Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Weihong , Deng Jianzhi , Zhou Yuehan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal tumor with poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a pivotal form of programmed iron-dependent cell death different from autophagy and apoptosis, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can influence the prognosis of CRC via regulating ferroptosis. Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) driven solutions, especially machine learning (ML) methodologies, are becoming effective tools in increasing the likelihood of the development of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers of diseases. In this study, with ML-associated tools, a prognostic model was constructed and validated by screening ferroptosis-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis based on the transcriptome data and survival data of CRC patients in TCGA database. Regarding the established prognostic models, differences in signaling pathways and immune infiltration, as well as differences in immune function, immune checkpoints, and m6A-related genes were also analyzed. We obtained a total of 6 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, and found that the prognostic model could accurately predict the prognosis of CRC patients. Significant differences were found in multiple signaling pathways, as well as immune infiltration, immune function, immune checkpoints, and m6A-related genes between high and low risk groups. Our study provides an efficient prediction tool for CRC patients and contributes to guide the personalized treatment.
Compositional time-use and psychosocial health in young children: a longitudinal study
Authors: Taylor Rachael W , Haszard Jillian J , Meredith-Jones Kim A , Azeem Anita A , Galland Barbara C , Heath Anne-Louise M , Taylor Barry J , Healey Dione 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundGood quality sleep, regular physical activity, and limited time spent sedentary are all considered individually important in promoting good mental health in children. However, few studies have examined the influence of each behaviour simultaneously, using compositional analysis which accounts for the closed nature of the 24-hour day. Our aim was to determine how compositional time use in early childhood is related to mental and psychosocial health at five years of age.Methods392 children wore Actical accelerometers 24-hours a day for one week at 2, 3.5 and 5 years of age to examine time in sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Psychosocial and mental health were assessed at age 5 using both laboratory based (researcher-assessed) and questionnaire (parental-report) measures. Associations were estimated using regression models with isometric log-ratios of time-use components as predictors.ResultsCross-sectionally, 5-year old children who spent 10% (64 minutes) more time asleep than average had better inhibitory control (standardised mean difference; 95% CI: 0.19; 0.02, 0.36 for Statue test and 0.16; -0.01, 0.33 for Heads, Toes, Knees, Shoulders task). A greater proportion of time spent active (10%, 31 minutes) was associated with poorer inhibitory control (Statue: -0.07; -0.13, -0.02, Head, Toes, Knees, Shoulders task: -0.06; -0.11, -0.01). By contrast, differences in time-use were not meaningfully associated with any measure of self-regulation or mental health at 5 years of age, nor were any significant longitudinal relationships apparent.Conclusions24-hour time use in the preschool years was not significantly associated with any measure of psychosocial or mental health at 5 years of age, although some relationships with inhibitory control were observed cross-sectionally.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00892983
An analytical model of grinding force for ultrasonic processing of Cf/SiC composites
Authors: Zhang Menghua , Pang Zixuan , Xia Ziwen , Jia Yunxiang , Shan Chenwei , Luo Ming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ultrasonic-assisted machining of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) has the ability to decrease grinding force and improve processing quality. The machining process often produces large cutting forces that cause defects, such as delamination and burrs, due to the brittleness and high hardness of the material. Therefore, it is significant to precisely simulate the grinding force. In published literature, the modelling of cutting force has been investigated based on brittle removal assumption. However, a ductile flow phenomenon exists simultaneously during the micro-grinding of CMCs. Hence, in this paper, we present an analytical model of grinding force with the consideration of ductile-brittle transition. Additionally, the critical cutting depth for removal mode transition can be applied to distinguish the ductile and brittle fracture removal processes. The establishment of the analytical model was on the basis of the research of single abrasive grain, including motion trajectory, micromechanical analysis, cutting time, and removal volume in ductile and brittle fracture processes during one cutting cycle. Thereafter, the final model was proposed with respect to the quantity of active abrasive grains in the cutting area. The trend of the experiment results was in good agreement with the predicted values of the analytical model.
Impact Driven Cavitation Bubble Dynamics
Authors: Bao Hengzhu , Reuter Fabian , Zhang Hongchao , Lu Jian , Ohl Claus-Dieter 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of a single cavitation bubble exposed to a transient acceleration is studied experimentally. A single cavitation bubble is seeded with a pulsed laser in a free falling and impacting water-filled test tube. After impact, a pressure wave containing compression and rarefaction phases is generated and interacts with the bubble. The bubble dynamics is studied with high-speed imaging and compared to numerical simulations using the Keller-Miksis model. The timing of bubble seeding with respect to the pressure wave is varied and a regime of enhanced collapse strength is found.
Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Methods for the Detection of the Eccentricity Faults of Induction Motors by Using Vibration Signals
Authors: Irgat Eyüp , Unsal Abdurrahman 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most critical tasks to ensure continuous operation in most industrial applications is electric machines' fault and condition monitoring. Induction motors are widely used electrical machines. They are more prone to eccentricity faults due to the short air-gap length. Recently, machine learning techniques have been developed to diagnose the faults of induction motors. This study presents an experimental comparison of the performance of four commonly used machine learning techniques in detecting eccentricity faults of induction motors. The detection of the eccentricity faults is conducted by using vibration signals. The three-axis vibration signals were collected for two cases, healthy and faulty, under different loading levels of a three-phase, 3-kW, two-pole induction motor. The performance of each machine learning method in detecting eccentricity was tested with the vibration signals and compared with each other. The purpose of the study is to assess the performance of each machine learning method and find the most effective features. The results show that rms and p2p features of the vibration signals provide the highest accuracy rates in all four ML methods.
Reconstruction of Incomplete X-Ray Diffraction Pole Figures Using Deep Learning
Authors: Meier David , Ragunathan Rishan , Degener Sebastian , Liehr Alexander , Vollmer Malte , Niendorf Thomas , Sick Bernhard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
X-ray diffraction crystallography allows non-destructive examination of crystal structures. Furthermore, it has low requirements regarding the surface preparation, especially compared to electron backscatter diffraction. However, up to now, X-ray diffraction is highly time-consuming in standard laboratory conditions since we have to record intensities on multiple lattice planes by rotating and tilting the sample. In this article, we propose a method based on deep learning that allows faster experimentation due to accurate reconstructions of pole figure regions, which we did not probe experimentally. To speed up the development of our proposed method and further machine learning algorithms, we introduce a GPU-based simulation for data generation. Furthermore, we present a pole widths standardization technique using a custom deep learning architecture that makes algorithms more robust against influences from the experiment setup and material.
The Effects of Different Conditioning Contraction Protocols of Post-activation Potentiation on Variables of Eccentric Phases and Concentric Phase of Countermovement Jump
Authors: Živanović Vladimir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose Investigation of the influence of different conditioning contraction protocols on the eccentric variables: depth of descent of body centre of mass (CMJ) and capacity of muscle force, power, and velocity (CMJ), i.e., height of jump. Methods In a sample of 28-students (age: pretest 19.5 ± 1.0; posttest 19.7 ± 1.1), 1 RM was determined by estimating 10 RM, to be stratified in a six-week workout: static-hold back squat at 120°, dynamic-back squat at 120° (x8), combined-2 back squat at 120° and 2 seconds endurance (x2) [for 12 seconds], and control group-6 to 8 hours of activity per week. After the pre-contractions, they continuously performed shock-plyometrics (50 cm box), triple jump and 5-meter sprint. Training load was 80% 1 RM. Results A statistically significant increase (13.3%) was found in variable of power unlike variable (CMJ) V ecc and static i.e., dynamic groups where significant differences between pretest and posttest performance from 12.9 and 5.9% were found. Concentric variable (CMJ) H exhibits significance for ED and EC groups (6.8, 8.9%, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The most indicated increases (CMJ) H, by practicing contrast sessions i.e., conditioning contraction (CC) or post-activation potentiation, were observed after the application of combined i.e., dynamic conditioning contractions, referring to sublimated eccentric manifestation and concentric muscular effect.
Effect of autofluorescence monitoring on postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy
Authors: Tzikos Georgios , Moysidis Moysis , Pliakos Ioannis , Bakkar Sohail , Giannoulis Kleanthis , Papaioannou Maria , Michalopoulos Antonios , Papavramidis Theodosios 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Post-operative hypoparathyroidism (POHP), permanent or temporary, is the commonest complication of thyroidectomy. To avoid hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy a few centers including ours have explored the use of parathyroid autofluorescent properties intra-operatively (AFI). The present supplementary study aimed to determine the rates of permanent POHP in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT) 12 months after surgery and whether the introduction of AFI resulted in the reduction of its incidence. Methods: This was a supplementary prospective observational single-center study including the patients presenting postoperative temporary hypoparathyroidism after having undergone a scheduled TT and been randomly allocated into: (i) patients operated without near-infrared imaging (non-NIR group) and (ii) patients operated with near-infrared imaging (NIR group). These patients were re-evaluated, regarding albumin, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH 12 months postoperatively.Results: In the NIR group were significantly fewer patients experiencing permanent POHP compared to the non-NIR group (0.00% versus 9.09%, p<0.001). Consequently, the level of PTH and serum total calcium were significantly lower in the non-NIR group 12 months after TT (p<0.001 and p=0.033 respectively).Conclusion: The ability of AFI to demonstrate parathyroid glands with high accuracy during TT decreases significantly the incidence of permanent POHP resulting in better outcomes after thyroid surgery.
Etiology And Perinatal Outcomes Between Early And Late-Onset Non-Immune Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Ergani Seval Yılmaz , İban Müjde Can , Çakır Ayberk , Örgül Gökcen , Tonyalı Nazan Vanlı , Çelik Özge Yücel , Şahin Dilek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to compare the etiology, and perinatal outcomes of non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) diagnosed early and late-onset at our hospital.Methods The records of the patients who applied to our department were reviewed, and we reached 42 NIHF cases retrospectively and examined the medical records. Hydrops diagnosis week, birth week, accompanying anomalies, and we compared perinatal outcomes as <=12 weeks (early-onset) and >12 weeks (late-onset).Results The median diagnosis week for hydrops was 18 weeks. A statistically significant difference was found between the distribution of birth week according to the diagnosis week (p=0.029). 66.7% of those diagnosed before 12 weeks and 23.3% of those diagnosed after 12 weeks gave birth before 24 weeks.Conclusions In this study, most fetuses diagnosed with early-onset NIHF were born in the first 24 weeks. In addition, it was observed that live birth rates were higher in the late-onset NIHF.
Postoperative radiotherapy for supraglottic cancer on real- word data: Can we reduce dose to lymph node levels?
Authors: Xu Yi , Wei Yumei , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Jianghu , Chen Xuesong , Wu Runye , Liu Qingfeng , Qu Yuan , Wang Kai , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Jingwei , Xu Wei , Zhang Ye , Yi Junlin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate prognosis for reducing postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) dose to lymph node levels of supraglottic cancer (SC) on real-word data.Method and materials: Patients were derived from two cancer centers. In center 1, the involved nodal levels (high-risk levels, HRL) and the next level received a dose of 60.06Gy/1.82Gy per fraction, while the other uninvolved levels (low-risk levels, LRL) received 50.96Gy/1.82Gy per fraction. In center 2, all received 50Gy/2Gy per fraction. The rates of high-risk levels control (HRC), regional control (RC), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Result: Totally, 124 patients were included (62 in center 1, 62 in center 2). Most patients (106, 85.5%) had a stage T3/N+ tumor. The median follow-up was 45 months (range 1-163 months). There were no significant differences in terms of OS (p=0.126), RC (p=0.514), PFS (p=0.195) and DMFS (p=0.834). Most regional recurrences (4, 80%) occurred within three years of treatment, and all occurred within the target volumes. No regional failure occurred in HRL in center 1, while three (3/4) failures occurred in center 2. Dose reduction prescription to HRL led to a lower HRC rate (100% vs. 90.6%, p=0.009). While the rates of LRL control (98.4%) were equal between the two centers.Conclusion: Compared with a standard dose, the reduced dose to involved nodal levels showed inferior regional control for PORT, while uninvolved nodal levels showed equal outcomes. A dose of 50Gy for HRL may be an unfavorable treatment option for SC.