bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering the “Art of Forceful Speech”: Music in the Century Club of California, 1888–1920
Authors: Miller Leta E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Century Club of California (CCC), founded in 1888, was San Francisco's most prestigious women's club in the early twentieth century. The club's aim was to promote intellectual growth and amplify female voices to help women enter the public domain with confidence. Weekly presentations featured renowned public figures and women who had achieved success in traditionally male fields. Rather than raising money for benevolent organizations, the CCC aimed to effect foundational social changes by informing women of the latest developments in all fields, thus empowering them to engage in political and social activism. Music played a critical role in furthering this ambitious goal; it had its own programming committee, which operated on an equal basis with those devoted to art, science, education, and current events. This article, based on the club's extensive collection of unpublished materials, looks at the CCC's first three decades, when the club promoted “the art of forceful speech” through modeling of successful women, providing opportunities for members to project their musical voices, elucidating new musical research, and supporting organizations such as the all-female Saturday Morning Orchestra. The CCC's activities underscore the significant role female musicians played in advancing the New Woman movement of the time.
Associations of maternal glucose markers in pregnancy with cord blood glucocorticoids and child hair cortisol levels
Authors: Cohen Nathan , Faleschini Sabrina , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Bouchard Luigi , Doyon Myriam , Simard Olivier , Arguin Melina , Fink Guy , Alman Amy C. , Kirby Russell , Chen Henian , Wilson Ronee , Fryer Kimberly , Perron Patrice , Oken Emily , Hivert Marie-France 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExposure to maternal hyperglycemia in utero has been associated with adverse metabolic outcomes in offspring. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between maternal hyperglycemia and offspring cortisol levels. We assessed associations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with cortisol biomarkers in two longitudinal prebirth cohorts: Project Viva included 928 mother–child pairs and Gen3G included 313 mother–child pairs. In Project Viva, GDM was diagnosed in N = 48 (5.2%) women using a two-step procedure (50 g glucose challenge test, if abnormal followed by 100 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]), and in N = 29 (9.3%) women participating in Gen3G using one-step 75 g OGTT. In Project Viva, we measured cord blood glucocorticoids and child hair cortisol levels during mid-childhood (mean (SD) age: 7.8 (0.8) years) and early adolescence (mean (SD) age: 13.2 (0.9) years). In Gen3G, we measured hair cortisol at 5.4 (0.3) years. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations of GDM with offspring cortisol, adjusting for child age and sex, maternal prepregnancy body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status. We additionally adjusted for child race/ethnicity in the cord blood analyses. In both Project Viva and Gen3G, we observed null associations of GDM and maternal glucose markers in pregnancy with cortisol biomarkers in cord blood at birth (β = 16.6 nmol/L, 95% CI −60.7, 94.0 in Project Viva) and in hair samples during childhood (β = −0.56 pg/mg, 95% CI −1.16, 0.04 in Project Viva; β = 0.09 pg/mg, 95% CI −0.38, 0.57 in Gen3G). Our findings do not support the hypothesis that maternal hyperglycemia is related to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity.
Impact of Vertical Mixing on Summertime Net Community Production in Canadian Arctic and Subarctic Waters: Insights From In Situ Measurements and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Izett Robert W. , Castro de la Guardia Laura , Chanona Melanie , Myers Paul G. , Waterman Stephanie , Tortell Philippe D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present ΔO2/Ar‐based estimates of mixed layer net community production (NCP) from three summer cruises in the North American Arctic and Subarctic oceans. Coupling shipboard underway and discrete observations with output from an ocean circulation model, we correct the NCP estimates for vertical mixing fluxes impacting the surface O2 budget. Large positive mixing fluxes, exceeding 100 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, were derived in regions of strong wind‐driven mixing, such as the Labrador Sea (LS), and in the physically‐dynamic Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In contrast, flux corrections were small (<10 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, on average) in the density‐stratified Baffin Bay, where mixing was low, and parts of the well‐mixed Hudson Strait (HS), where vertical O2 gradients were weak. The distribution of corrected NCP was highly heterogenous across the study region, reflecting varying contributions of nutrient supply, freshwater input and sea ice dynamics. Elevated NCP was apparent in the LS, HS, and nearshore regions influenced by glacial meltwater and recent ice retreat. Low NCP and localized net heterotrophy occurred in Baffin Bay, and near strong freshwater and organic matter sources in Hudson Bay and the Queen Maud Gulf. A multiple linear regression model developed using available oceanographic data explained ∼58% of the observed NCP variability. Our work demonstrates the spatially explicit influence of vertical mixing on ΔO2/Ar‐based NCP calculations across varied hydrographic conditions, and presents a novel approach to account for this process. This study contributes new knowledge of biological productivity distributions in under‐sampled, rapidly changing, high‐latitude waters.
On the Considerations of Using Near Real Time Data for Space Weather Hazard Forecasting
Authors: Smith A. W. , Forsyth C. , Rae I. J. , Garton T. M. , Jackman C. M. , Bakrania M. , Shore R. M. , Richardson G. S. , Beggan C. D. , Heyns M. J. , Eastwood J. P. , Thomson A. W. P. , Johnson J. M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpace weather represents a severe threat to ground‐based infrastructure, satellites and communications. Accurately forecasting when such threats are likely (e.g., when we may see large induced currents) will help to mitigate the societal and financial costs. In recent years computational models have been created that can forecast hazardous intervals, however they generally use post‐processed “science” solar wind data from upstream of the Earth. In this work we investigate the quality and continuity of the data that are available in Near‐Real‐Time (NRT) from the Advanced Composition Explorer and Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft. In general, the data available in NRT corresponds well with post‐processed data, however there are three main areas of concern: greater short‐term variability in the NRT data, occasional anomalous values and frequent data gaps. Some space weather models are able to compensate for these issues if they are also present in the data used to fit (or train) the model, while others will require extra checks to be implemented in order to produce high quality forecasts. We find that the DSCOVR NRT data are generally more continuous, though they have been available for small fraction of a solar cycle and therefore DSCOVR has experienced a limited range of solar wind conditions. We find that short gaps are the most common, and are most frequently found in the plasma data. To maximize forecast availability we suggest the implementation of limited interpolation if possible, for example, for gaps of 5 min or less, which could increase the fraction of valid input data considerably.
Coherent modulation of chiral nonlinear optics with crystal symmetry
Authors: Zhang Yi , Bai Xueyin , Arias Muñoz Juan , Dai Yunyun , Das Susobhan , Wang Yadong , Sun Zhipei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLight modulation is of paramount importance for photonics and optoelectronics. Here we report all-optical coherent modulation of third-harmonic generation (THG) with chiral light via the symmetry enabled polarization selectivity. The concept is experimentally validated in monolayer materials (MoS2) with modulation depth approaching ~100%, ultra-fast modulation speed (<~130 fs), and wavelength-independence features. Moreover, the power and polarization of the incident optical beams can be used to tune the output chirality and modulation performance. Major performance of our demonstration reaches the fundamental limits of optical modulation: near-unity modulation depth, instantaneous speed (ultra-fast coherent interaction), compact footprint (atomic thickness), and unlimited operation bandwidth, which hold an ideal optical modulation solution for emerging and future nonlinear optical applications (e.g., interconnection, imaging, computing, and quantum technologies).
Moisture-resistant, stretchable NOx gas sensors based on laser-induced graphene for environmental monitoring and breath analysis
Authors: Yang Li , Zheng Guanghao , Cao Yaoqian , Meng Chuizhou , Li Yuhang , Ji Huadong , Chen Xue , Niu Guangyu , Yan Jiayi , Xue Ye , Cheng Huanyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe accurate, continuous analysis of healthcare-relevant gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a humid environment remains elusive for low-cost, stretchable gas sensing devices. This study presents the design and demonstration of a moisture-resistant, stretchable NOx gas sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG). Sandwiched between a soft elastomeric substrate and a moisture-resistant semipermeable encapsulant, the LIG sensing and electrode layer is first optimized by tuning laser processing parameters such as power, image density, and defocus distance. The gas sensor, using a needlelike LIG prepared with optimal laser processing parameters, exhibits a large response of 4.18‰ ppm−1 to NO and 6.66‰ ppm−1 to NO2, an ultralow detection limit of 8.3 ppb to NO and 4.0 ppb to NO2, fast response/recovery, and excellent selectivity. The design of a stretchable serpentine structure in the LIG electrode and strain isolation from the stiff island allows the gas sensor to be stretched by 30%. Combined with a moisture-resistant property against a relative humidity of 90%, the reported gas sensor has further been demonstrated to monitor the personal local environment during different times of the day and analyze human breath samples to classify patients with respiratory diseases from healthy volunteers. Moisture-resistant, stretchable NOx gas sensors can expand the capability of wearable devices to detect biomarkers from humans and exposed environments for early disease diagnostics.
High levels of NRF2 sensitize temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cells to ferroptosis via ABCC1/MRP1 upregulation
Authors: de Souza I. , Monteiro L. K. S. , Guedes C. B. , Silva M. M. , Andrade-Tomaz M. , Contieri B. , Latancia M. T. , Mendes D. , Porchia B. F. M. M. , Lazarini M. , Gomes L. R. , Rocha C. R. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma patients have a poor prognosis mainly due to temozolomide (TMZ) resistance. NRF2 is an important transcript factor involved in chemotherapy resistance due to its protective role in the transcription of genes involved in cellular detoxification and prevention of cell death processes, such as ferroptosis. However, the relation between NRF2 and iron-dependent cell death in glioma is still poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the role of NRF2 in ferroptosis modulation in glioblastoma cells. Two human glioblastoma cell lines (U251MG and T98G) were examined after treatment with TMZ, ferroptosis inducers (Erastin, RSL3), and ferroptosis inhibitor (Ferrostatin-1). Our results demonstrated that T98G was more resistant to chemotherapy compared to U251MG and showed elevated levels of NRF2 expression. Interestingly, T98G revealed higher sensitivity to ferroptosis, and significant GSH depletion upon system xc− blockage. NRF2 silencing in T98G cells (T98G-shNRF2) significantly reduced the viability upon TMZ treatment. On the other hand, T98G-shNRF2 was resistant to ferroptosis and reverted intracellular GSH levels, indicating that NRF2 plays a key role in ferroptosis induction through GSH modulation. Moreover, silencing of ABCC1, a well-known NRF2 target that diminishes GSH levels, has demonstrated a similar collateral sensitivity. T98G-siABCC1 cells were more sensitive to TMZ and resistant to Erastin. Furthermore, we found that NRF2 positively correlates with ABCC1 expression in tumor tissues of glioma patients, which can be associated with tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance, and poor overall survival. Altogether, our data indicate that high levels of NRF2 result in collateral sensitivity on glioblastoma via the expression of its pro-ferroptotic target ABCC1, which contributes to GSH depletion when the system xc− is blocked by Erastin. Thus, ferroptosis induction could be an important therapeutic strategy to reverse drug resistance in gliomas with high NRF2 and ABCC1 expression.
Temperature elevations can induce switches to homoclinic action potentials that alter neural encoding and synchronization
Authors: Hesse Janina , Schleimer Jan-Hendrik , Maier Nikolaus , Schmitz Dietmar , Schreiber Susanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlmost seventy years after the discovery of the mechanisms of action potential generation, some aspects of their computational consequences are still not fully understood. Based on mathematical modeling, we here explore a type of action potential dynamics – arising from a saddle-node homoclinic orbit bifurcation - that so far has received little attention. We show that this type of dynamics is to be expected by specific changes in common physiological parameters, like an elevation of temperature. Moreover, we demonstrate that it favours synchronization patterns in networks – a feature that becomes particularly prominent when system parameters change such that homoclinic spiking is induced. Supported by in-vitro hallmarks for homoclinic spikes in the rodent brain, we hypothesize that the prevalence of homoclinic spikes in the brain may be underestimated and provide a missing link between the impact of biophysical parameters on abrupt transitions between asynchronous and synchronous states of electrical activity in the brain.
Imbalanced gut microbiota fuels hepatocellular carcinoma development by shaping the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Schneider Kai Markus , Mohs Antje , Gui Wenfang , Galvez Eric J. C. , Candels Lena Susanna , Hoenicke Lisa , Muthukumarasamy Uthayakumar , Holland Christian H. , Elfers Carsten , Kilic Konrad , Schneider Carolin Victoria , Schierwagen Robert , Strnad Pavel , Wirtz Theresa H. , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Latz Eicke , Lelouvier Benjamin , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , de Vos Willem , Strowig Till , Trebicka Jonel , Trautwein Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and therapeutic options for advanced HCC are limited. Here, we observe that intestinal dysbiosis affects antitumor immune surveillance and drives liver disease progression towards cancer. Dysbiotic microbiota, as seen in Nlrp6−/− mice, induces a Toll-like receptor 4 dependent expansion of hepatic monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) and suppression of T-cell abundance. This phenotype is transmissible via fecal microbiota transfer and reversible upon antibiotic treatment, pointing to the high plasticity of the tumor microenvironment. While loss of Akkermansia muciniphila correlates with mMDSC abundance, its reintroduction restores intestinal barrier function and strongly reduces liver inflammation and fibrosis. Cirrhosis patients display increased bacterial abundance in hepatic tissue, which induces pronounced transcriptional changes, including activation of fibro-inflammatory pathways as well as circuits mediating cancer immunosuppression. This study demonstrates that gut microbiota closely shapes the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment opening approaches for cancer prevention and therapy.
Inherited MUTYH mutations cause elevated somatic mutation rates and distinctive mutational signatures in normal human cells
Authors: Robinson Philip S. , Thomas Laura E. , Abascal Federico , Jung Hyunchul , Harvey Luke M. R. , West Hannah D. , Olafsson Sigurgeir , Lee Bernard C. H. , Coorens Tim H. H. , Lee-Six Henry , Butlin Laura , Lander Nicola , Truscott Rebekah , Sanders Mathijs A. , Lensing Stefanie V. , Buczacki Simon J. A. , ten Hoopen Rogier , Coleman Nicholas , Brunton-Sim Roxanne , Rushbrook Simon , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Lalloo Fiona , Campbell Peter J. , Martincorena Iñigo , Sampson Julian R. , Stratton Michael R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCellular DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species is repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway which includes the DNA glycosylase MUTYH. Inherited biallelic MUTYH mutations cause predisposition to colorectal adenomas and carcinoma. However, the mechanistic progression from germline MUTYH mutations to MUTYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP) is incompletely understood. Here, we sequence normal tissue DNAs from 10 individuals with MAP. Somatic base substitution mutation rates in intestinal epithelial cells were elevated 2 to 4-fold in all individuals, except for one showing a 31-fold increase, and were also increased in other tissues. The increased mutation burdens were of multiple mutational signatures characterised by C > A changes. Different mutation rates and signatures between individuals are likely due to different MUTYH mutations or additional inherited mutations in other BER pathway genes. The elevated base substitution rate in normal cells likely accounts for the predisposition to neoplasia in MAP. Despite ubiquitously elevated mutation rates, individuals with MAP do not display overt evidence of premature ageing. Thus, accumulation of somatic mutations may not be sufficient to cause the global organismal functional decline of ageing.
The effect of COVID certificates on vaccine uptake, health outcomes, and the economy
Authors: Oliu-Barton Miquel , Pradelski Bary S. R. , Woloszko Nicolas , Guetta-Jeanrenaud Lionel , Aghion Philippe , Artus Patrick , Fontanet Arnaud , Martin Philippe , Wolff Guntram B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the COVID-19 pandemic many countries required COVID certificates, proving vaccination, recovery, or a recent negative test, to access public and private venues. We estimate their effect on vaccine uptake for France, Germany, and Italy using counterfactuals constructed via innovation diffusion theory. The announcement of COVID certificates during summer 2021 were associated – although causality cannot be directly inferred – with increased vaccine uptake in France of 13.0 (95% CI 9.7–14.9) percentage points (p.p.) of the total population until the end of the year, in Germany 6.2 (2.6–6.9) p.p., and in Italy 9.7 (5.4–12.3) p.p. Based on these estimates, an additional 3979 (3453–4298) deaths in France, 1133 (−312–1358) in Germany, and 1331 (502–1794) in Italy were averted; and gross domestic product (GDP) losses of €6.0 (5.9–6.1) billion in France, €1.4 (1.3–1.5) billion in Germany, and €2.1 (2.0–2.2) billion in Italy were prevented. Notably, in France, the application of COVID certificates averted high intensive care unit occupancy levels where prior lockdowns were instated.
Expanding chemical space by para-C−H arylation of arenes
Authors: Maiti Sudip , Li Yingzi , Sasmal Sheuli , Guin Srimanta , Bhattacharya Trisha , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Paton Robert S. , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiaryl scaffolds are privileged templates used in the discovery and design of therapeutics with high affinity and specificity for a broad range of protein targets. Biaryls are found in the structures of therapeutics, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neurological and antihypertensive drugs. However, existing synthetic routes to biphenyls rely on traditional coupling approaches that require both arenes to be prefunctionalized with halides or pseudohalides with the desired regiochemistry. Therefore, the coupling of drug fragments may be challenging via conventional approaches. As an attractive alternative, directed C−H activation has the potential to be a versatile tool to form para-substituted biphenyl motifs selectively. However, existing C–H arylation protocols are not suitable for drug entities as they are hindered by catalyst deactivation by polar and delicate functionalities present alongside the instability of macrocyclic intermediates required for para-C−H activation. To address this challenge, we have developed a robust catalytic system that displays unique efficacy towards para-arylation of highly functionalized substrates such as drug entities, giving access to structurally diversified biaryl scaffolds. This diversification process provides access to an expanded chemical space for further exploration in drug discovery. Further, the applicability of the transformation is realized through the synthesis of drug molecules bearing a biphenyl fragment. Computational and experimental mechanistic studies further provide insight into the catalytic cycle operative in this versatile C−H arylation protocol.
PRMT5 activates AKT via methylation to promote tumor metastasis
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhang Xiao-Ou , Rozen Esteban J. , Sun Xiaomei , Sallis Benjamin , Verdejo-Torres Odette , Wigglesworth Kim , Moon Daniel , Huang Tingting , Cavaretta John P. , Wang Gang , Zhang Lei , Shohet Jason M. , Lee Mary M. , Wu Qiong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the primary methyltransferase generating symmetric-dimethyl-arginine marks on histone and non-histone proteins. PRMT5 dysregulation is implicated in multiple oncogenic processes. Here, we report that PRMT5-mediated methylation of protein kinase B (AKT) is required for its subsequent phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473. Moreover, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of PRMT5 abolishes AKT1 arginine 15 methylation, thereby preventing AKT1 translocation to the plasma membrane and subsequent recruitment of its upstream activating kinases PDK1 and mTOR2. We show that PRMT5/AKT signaling controls the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition transcription factors ZEB1, SNAIL, and TWIST1. PRMT5 inhibition significantly attenuates primary tumor growth and broadly blocks metastasis in multiple organs in xenograft tumor models of high-risk neuroblastoma. Collectively, our results suggest that PRMT5 inhibition augments anti-AKT or other downstream targeted therapeutics in high-risk metastatic cancers.
Optimal acceleration voltage for near-atomic resolution imaging of layer-stacked 2D polymer thin films
Authors: Liang Baokun , Zhang Yingying , Leist Christopher , Ou Zhaowei , Položij Miroslav , Wang Zhiyong , Mücke David , Dong Renhao , Zheng Zhikun , Heine Thomas , Feng Xinliang , Kaiser Ute , Qi Haoyuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite superb instrumental resolution in modern transmission electron microscopes (TEM), high-resolution imaging of organic two-dimensional (2D) materials is a formidable task. Here, we present that the appropriate selection of the incident electron energy plays a crucial role in reducing the gap between achievable resolution in the image and the instrumental limit. Among a broad range of electron acceleration voltages (300 kV, 200 kV, 120 kV, and 80 kV) tested, we found that the highest resolution in the HRTEM image is achieved at 120 kV, which is 1.9 Å. In two imine-based 2D polymer thin films, unexpected molecular interstitial defects were unraveled. Their structural nature is identified with the aid of quantum mechanical calculations. Furthermore, the increased image resolution and enhanced image contrast at 120 kV enabled the detection of functional groups at the pore interfaces. The experimental setup has also been employed for an amorphous organic 2D material.