bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical Black Phosphorus Photodiodes with High Quantum Efficiency for Mid‐Infrared Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Dai Mingjin , Zhang Xuran , Hu Yunxia , Chen Wenduo , Wang Chongwu , Luo Yu , Wang Qi Jie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInfrared (IR) photodetectors play a crucial role in various fields such as medical imaging, communication, and surveillance. However, the majority of commercial infrared detectors require low‐temperature operation, which limits their broader applications. Recently, room temperature infrared photodetectors based on 2D materials have shown potential for expanding their use, yet their performance is often constrained by low quantum efficiency. In this study, a vertical black phosphorus (BP) Schottky photodiode designed for room temperature mid‐IR photodetection with enhanced quantum efficiency is reported. By optimizing both optical and electrical aspects of the design, near‐perfect absorption is achieved through a resonant cavity and improve carrier separation and collection efficiency via Schottky and ohmic contacts, respectively. The photodetector demonstrates high sensitivity, with a specific detectivity of 2.2 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1, and a maximal external quantum efficiency of 42% at 3.6 µm. Additionally, due to BP's intrinsic anisotropic absorption, the device exhibits an exceptionally high polarization sensitivity with a polarization ratio of 10 and a polarization angle sensitivity of 0.01 A W−1 degree−1 is achieved at 3.8 µm. This device design provides a promising approach for high‐performance, room‐temperature infrared photodetectors, combining low power consumption with polarization imaging capabilities.
Enhancing the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Through an Iodine Confinement Strategy in Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ma Xiaoting , Huang Junyi , Li Xiongjie , Yu Haixuan , Liu Zhirong , Hu Yong , Sun Tianyu , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown high power conversion efficiency in solar‐to‐electricity conversion applications. However, the commercialization of this emerging technology is limited due to its low stability under realistic operating conditions. A major reason for this degradation is the formation and escape of iodine species upon exposure to light, polarization and thermal stress. Here, a new method is proposed to confine iodine species in the perovskite layer using a multifunctional nitrogen‐rich covalent organic framework (TAPT‐BP‐COF). The ordered pore structure and surface binding groups of TAPT‐BP‐COF not only facilitate the formation of charge transfer complexes with iodine molecules, but also enable multisite chelation with undercoordinated lead ions, thereby improving the quality of the perovskite film. This iodine confinement strategy enables the resulting Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9PbI3 PSC devices (n‐i‐p) to achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 25.58% (0.06 cm−2) under one sun illumination. The unencapsulated devices maintained over 96% of their initial efficiency after continuous maximum power point tracking for 1200 h in an N2 atmosphere. Importantly, the PSCs with TAPT‐BP‐COF demonstrated excellent stability even under the high temperature of the ISOS‐L‐2 protocol, maintaining over 90% of peak efficiency at 85 °C for 800 h.
Enhanced Exciton Delocalization in Organic Near‐Infrared Photodetectors via Solid Additive‐Mediated J‐Aggregation
Authors: Qiao Jia‐Wei , Cui Feng‐Zhe , Zhang Wen‐Qing , Gui Ruo‐Hua , Fu Zhen , Sun Ming , Lu Peng , Yin Hang , Du Xiao‐Yan , Hao Xiao‐Tao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNear‐infrared organic photodetectors (NIR‐OPDs) have emerged as increasingly significant in optoelectronics, offering unparalleled advantages for applications in health monitoring and night vision. The development of self‐powered devices with low dark currents and enhanced NIR sensitivity involves complex engineering that requires careful material selection, defect state density control, and environmental consideration. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced that utilizes solid additive (DIB) to induce improvements in the J‐aggregation morphology and exciton delocalization in acceptor molecules. The goal is to broaden the response spectrum of the device and augment its detection capabilities. The key findings revealed that solid additive exhibit an electrostatic affinity for acceptors, which facilitates their orderly face‐to‐face stacking and controls the π–π stacking distance. These enhanced intermolecular interactions lead to the delocalization of electron–hole pairs, reduced exciton recombination, and increased charge separation efficiency. Consequently, the modified devices exhibited exceptional specific detectivity, exceeding 1014 Jones across the wavelength range of 695–860 nm, thereby establishing a new standard for NIR response in organic photodetection. Overall, this study successfully addressed the compatibility challenges associated with self‐powered NIR‐OPDs, thereby expanding their potential applications in various settings.
“Water‐In‐Oil” Electrolyte Enabled by Microphase Separation Regulation for Highly Reversible Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Ding Yichen , Huang Dan , Wang Yao , Zhao Xin , Han Ran , Tang Mingkun , Li Baohua , Zhou Dong , Kang Feiyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe sustained hydrogen evolution and zinc (Zn) dendrite growth greatly impede the practical application of low‐cost aqueous Zn metal batteries (ZMBs). Herein, for the first time, a microphase separation strategy is proposed to construct a ″water‐in‐oil (W/O) electrolyte to endow durable ZMBs. As validated by theoretical modeling and experimental characterizations, the unique reverse micelle structure within the electrolyte not only disrupts water hydrogen bonding and efficiently inhibits the water consumption at Zn anode, but also undergoes directed movement and reversible demulsification under electric field, thus enhancing the anode desolvation kinetics and inhibiting the interfacial side reactions. Owing to the simultaneous regulation of water molecules in both electrolyte bulk and anode interface, this W/O electrolyte achieves a high Zn plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.76% over 6000 cycles, and maintains an extend lifespan in Zn||V10O24·12H2O (VOH) cells with negligible hydrogen evolution and dendrite formation. These key findings are expected to promote the electrolyte engineering toward reversible ZMBs.
High‐Strength Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffold with Drug Loading Remodels the Inflammatory Microenvironment to Enhance Osteoporotic Bone Repair
Authors: Huang Yangguang , Chen Ting , Ren Chunling , Bao Bingkun , Huang Rongkun , Sun Yingxiao , Yu Changlong , Yang Yunlong , Wong Wing Tak , Zeng Qingmei , Jiang Li , Liu Tuan , Lin Qiuning , Zhu Linyong , Liao Yun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOsteoporosis is a widespread condition that induces an inflammatory microenvironment, limiting the effectiveness of conventional therapies and presenting significant challenges for bone defect repair. To address these issues, a high‐strength gelatin hydrogel scaffold loaded with roxadustat is developed, specifically designed to remodel the inflammatory microenvironment and enhance osteoporotic bone regeneration. By incorporating minimal methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) into an o‐nitrobenzyl functionalized gelatin (GelNB) matrix, a gelatin hydrogel with a fracture strength of 10 MPa is achieved, providing exceptional structural stability and enabling precise scaffold fabrication through digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Validated through cell experiments and animal studies, the hydrogel scaffold supports cell adhesion and migration, offers excellent tissue compatibility, and is fully degradable, meeting the requirements of a therapeutic scaffold. Including roxadustat further enhances the scaffold's functionality by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment via hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) signaling, significantly improving bone defect repair in osteoporotic models. This drug‐loaded scaffold effectively addresses inflammation‐induced limitations and enhances the regenerative capacity of the affected area, paving the way for improved therapeutic outcomes in osteoporotic bone repair.
Dynamic Microfluidic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanowires: Impact of Channel Architecture on Growth Homogeneity and Uniformity
Authors: Erfan Mazen , Gnambodoe‐Capochichi Martine , Sabry Yasser M. , Khalil Diaa , Leprince‐Wang Yamin , Bourouina Tarik 
Published: February 2025

AbstractZinc oxide nanowires are synthesized in situ within microfluidic reactors in dynamic mode owing to the continuous flow of the growth solution. The synergistic effect of fluid flow and confined volume enables fast synthesis, in 8–16 min only, while 2–3 h are needed in static mode synthesis. However, the co‐integration of nanomaterials into microfluidic reactors poses challenges for their use as functional devices. Here, the issue of homogeneity of nanowire growth as well as the corresponding uniformity of the nanowire dimensions are addressed. This is demonstrated that the use of optimized tree‐branched microchannel networks enables excellent homogeneity, quantified by a surface coverage of 99% across the whole area of the microfluidic reactor chamber, while it is limited to 55%–78% when using conventional microfluidic chambers. The latter also leads to severe non‐uniformity of the nanowires, eventually resulting in radical changes in their morphology. On the contrary, the tree‐branched microchannels lead to outstanding uniformity of the nanowires: their average diameters of 35 nm are almost constant within ± 1 nm across the whole chamber; the corresponding nanowire average length of 420 nm varies within ± 12 nm only. The proposed approach is applicable to a wide variety of other nanomaterials synthesis.
Targeting Histone Deacetylase 11 with a Highly Selective Inhibitor for the Treatment of MASLD
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yue Kairui , Sun Simin , Lu Shengyuan , Jia Geng , Zha Yang , Zhang Shuang , Chou C. James , Liao Chenzhong , Li Xiaoyang , Duan Yajun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents the most prevalent chronic liver disorder globally. Due to its intricate pathogenesis and the current lack of efficacious pharmacological interventions, there is a pressing need to discover novel therapeutic targets and agents for MASLD treatment. Herein, it is found that histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), a subtype of HDAC family, is markedly overexpressed in both in vitro and in vivo models of MASLD. Furthermore, the knockdown of HDAC11 is observed to mitigate lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. A highly selective HDAC11 inhibitor, B6, which exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic property and liver distribution, is further designed and synthesized. Integrating RNA‐seq data with in vivo and in vitro experiments, B6 is found to inhibit de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and promote fatty acid oxidation, thus mitigating hepatic lipid accumulation and pathological symptoms in MASLD mice. Further omics analysis and experiments reveal that B6 enhances the phosphorylation of AMPKα1 at Thr172 through the inhibition of HDAC11, consequently modulating DNL and fatty acid oxidation in the liver. In summary, this study identifies HDAC11 as a potential therapeutic target in MASLD and reports the discovery of a highly selective HDAC11 inhibitor with favorable drug‐like properties for the treatment of MASLD.
Ion‐Anchoring Dipole‐Integrated Composite Elastomer Electrolyte and Cathode for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries via Multiple‐Bridge Engineering
Authors: Cho A Hyeon , Je Ji Hyang , Choi U Hyeok 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) hold significant potential for advancing lithium metal batteries (LMBs) by enhancing safety through the replacement of liquid electrolytes. However, challenges such as low ionic conductivity, limited electrochemical stability, and poor electrolyte/electrode interface compatibility hinder the development of high‐energy‐density LMBs. Herein, a strategy for designing SSEs is proposed using multiple‐bridge engineered composite elastomer electrolytes (CEEs) that incorporate ion‐rotating dipole interactions, ion‐anchoring dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding, along with a CEE‐based composite elastomer cathode (CEC). This design combines a volume‐adaptive elastomer matrix, a high‐Li+ conducting deep eutectic electrolyte, and robust nanowires. The resultant CEE exhibits high ionic conductivity (1.7 × 10−3 S cm−1), a lithium transference number of 0.72, and a wide electrochemical stability window (up to 4.9 V) at 298 K. The engineered uniform Li+ flux also promotes stable Li plating/stripping for over 900 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the LFP‐based CEC|CEE|Li full cells deliver a reversible capacity of 133 mAh g−1 with 95% retention after 300 cycles in coin cells, and 129 mAh g−1 with 96% retention after 250 cycles in pouch cells at 1 C. This strategy presents a promising approach for designing solid‐state polymer electrolytes to extend the lifespan of high‐energy‐density LMBs.
Determining Exciton Diffusion Length in Organic Semiconductors: Unifying Macro‐ and Microscopic Perspectives
Authors: Yang Wenchao , Pursglove De Castro Catherine S. , Karuthedath Safakath , Firdaus Yuliar , Alshehri Nisreen , Chen Si , Rosas Villalva Diego , Petoukhoff Christopher E. , Dahman Amr , Baran Derya , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Laquai Frédéric , Gorenflot Julien 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLong exciton diffusion length (LD) is key to maximizing excitation harvesting in organic solar cells, but contradicting values are reported for non‐fullerene acceptors (NFA). To understand the factors enabling large LD, experimental observation of exciton decay by transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is combined with microscopic Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations on 4 ITIC derivatives. Exciton decays are fitted considering singlet exciton‐singlet exciton annihilation (SSA) and the intrinsic exciton's lifetime τ, resulting in LD from 20 to 70 nm. The critical importance of an independent estimate of τ is discussed and its measurements from pristine NFA films is found to be more relevant than from NFA molecules embedded in an inert polystyrene matrix. From experimental parameters, the microscopic Förster Resonant Energy Transfer hopping rate and the annihilation rate in a cubic lattice are determined, considering a Gaussian energetic disorder. KMC simulation of those rates are able to reproduce the experimental transients and LD, provided a lattice constant a close to the molecular π‐π stacking distance is used. It is found that this tight packing and a low disorder are critical to reach large LD, and empirically relate linearly such that 40 meV more disorder can be compensated by 1 Angstrom tighter packing (shorter a).
Comparison of Pectin and Aloe vera Extract in Green Synthesis and Enhanced Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Calcium Nanostructure
Authors: Rahmati Sadegh , Tavallali Vahid , Jahromi Mohammad Hasan Ghasvari 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe current work aims to synthesize calcium nanostructure (Ca NS) using a green approach, given the growing trend of Ca NS in various sciences. We present the synthesis of Ca NS utilizing aloe vera extract and pectin extracted from citrus for the first time. Through the use of several analytical techniques, including ultraviolet–visible (UV‐Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Ca nanostructures were verified and characterized. According to UV‐Vis spectrum, a peak in the blue area of 204 nm for pectin–Ca NS indicated a small size nanoparticle. But for aloe vera/Ca NS, the presence of two blue and red peaks, at 227 and 401 nm, showed that nanoparticles with larger size than pectin/Ca NS. The results of the zeta potential showed that the synthesis of Ca NS with both pectin and aloe vera extracts is very stable. But pectin/Ca NS is more stable. In FT‐IR and Raman spectrum, the presence of more peaks in pectin/Ca NS indicates a more complex structure and more agent groups than Aloe vera/Ca NS. In the XRD spectrum, in pectin/Ca NS and Aloe vera/Ca NS, calcium peak was well identified and showed that complete calcium synthesis has been performed. The SEM and TEM pictures of pectin/Ca NP and Aloe vera/Ca NS show the spherical shapes and average size around 4–18 nm for nanoparticles. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of Ca NSs was taken into account. The outcomes demonstrated that pectin has superior qualities and is a promising candidate for synthesizing Ca NSs. It was discovered that the Ca NSs had a very powerful anti‐DPPH free radical effect.
A Simplified Bead‐on‐Wire Model With Relativistic Revision for Magnetized Outflow
Authors: Xie Wei , He Zi‐Ru 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOutflows are ubiquitous in various astrophysical objects, yet the mechanism responsible for generating outflows remains unclear. One possibility is that outflows are driven by large‐scale magnetic fields. When dealing with magnetically driven outflows, the one‐dimensional model proposed by Weber and Davis in 1967 is often employed. However, as it was originally a non‐relativistic theory, this limits its application in high‐energy astrophysical scenarios. This work attempts to modify the non‐relativistic Bernoulli equation into its relativistic form through an analogy method, thereby applying it to relativistic outflows and comparing the results with those of classical theory. We find that when the initial temperature of the outflow is sufficiently high or when the angular velocity of rotation of the magnetic field lines is sufficiently fast, the terminal velocity of the outflow can be relativistic. The relativistically modified Bernoulli equation established in this paper could be conveniently applied in the context of extremely high‐velocity outflows from different sources.
Food Fussiness, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, and Their Correlations With Anthropometric Indices in Children
Authors: Mohd Tahir Nur Shahirah , Sharif Ishak Sharifah Intan Zainun , Tan Seok Tyug 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionLiterature has consistently reported that fussy eaters usually have restricted food choices, particularly on fruits and vegetables. Insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables among fussy‐eating children can result in a lack of essential nutrients needed to support growth and development.ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the relationships between food fussiness, fresh fruit and vegetable consumption, and anthropometric indices of children residing in Klang Valley, Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to recruit 179 pairs of consenting caregiver‐child. Caregivers were required to report the surveyed child's sex, date of birth, and ethnicity. The six‐item food fussiness subscale from the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was used to assess food fussiness in children. In addition, caregivers were asked to report whether their child had consumed fresh fruits and vegetables over the past month and to list all those they consistently refused to consume. For anthropometric measurements, children's body weight was measured with a digital bathroom scale, and height was measured using a portable stadiometer. Height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ) and BMI‐for‐age z‐scores (BAZ) were determined using the WHO Anthro software version 3.2.2 (for children below five) or the WHO AnthroPlus software version 1.0.4 (for children above five). The relationships between the studied variables were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 27.0.ResultsThis study revealed that one in two children (54.2%) were fussy eaters, 9.5% did not consume fresh fruits, and 32.4% did not consume fresh vegetables over the past month. The findings from path analyses indicated that food fussiness was negatively correlated with fresh fruit and vegetable consumption. However, there were no significant direct and indirect relationships between food fussiness and anthropometric indices as indicated by HAZ and BAZ of children.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrated that food fussiness was negatively correlated with fresh fruit and vegetable consumption. Interventions can be carried out by encouraging children to consume fruits and vegetables they typically reject, such as bean vegetables, pear, papaya, and tuberous vegetables, to prevent nutrient deficiency.
Online Dynamic Nomogram for Predicting 90‐Day Prognosis of Patients With Primary Basal Ganglia Cerebral Hemorrhage After Microscopic Keyhole Craniotomy for Hematoma Removal
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Li Sai , Nie Yang , Chang Chenxi , Wu Haoyuan , Zhao Bing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivePrimary basal ganglia cerebral hemorrhage (PBGCH) is the most common type of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Microscopically removing the hematoma via keyhole or microbone window craniotomy remains the most common surgical method in many hospitals across China for treating cases of primary basal ganglia hemorrhage exceeding 30 mL. The aim of this study was to establish a new practical evaluation system based on preoperative clinical and imaging factors to predict the short‐term prognosis of PBGCH after microscopic keyhole craniotomy for hematoma removal (MKCHR), providing a reference for clinicians and patients' families in deciding whether to proceed with surgery.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 74 cases of PBGCH treated with MKCHR. Patient prognosis was assessed at 90 days postsurgery using the modified Rankin Scale. This study employed R software to conduct both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses aimed at identifying preoperative factors that influence short‐term prognosis following MKCHR. Additionally, a web‐based interactive nomogram was developed to forecast outcomes for PBGCH patients receiving MKCHR treatment. Model robustness was gauged using the concordance index (C‐index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Internal validation involved bootstrap resampling and calibration. Clinical utility was assessed via decision curve analysis (DCA), clinical impact curve (CIC), and net reduction interventions (NRI).ResultsGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤ 6, hemorrhagic volume > 102 mL, brain herniation, age > 58 years (p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis after MKCHR. The online dynamic nomogram website is https://sjwkalg.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/. The model's C‐index and area under the ROC are both 0.899 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.817–0.980). Following 1000 bootstrap resamples, the calibration curve indicates that the dynamic nomogram's predicted values closely match the observed values.The models of DCA, CIC, and NRI show good clinical application.ConclusionThe online dynamic nomogram developed in this study demonstrates high predictive accuracy. This platform is characterized by its noninvasive and convenient nature, which facilitates the formulation of clinical treatment strategies. It offers a reliable data reference for preoperative surgical decision‐making in patients with PBGCH, thereby aiming to achieve beneficial outcomes.