bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolytically Degradable Microgels with Tunable Mechanical Properties Modulate the Host Immune Response
Authors: Coronel María M. , Martin Karen E. , Hunckler Michael D. , Kalelkar Pranav , Shah Rahul M. , García Andrés J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrogel microparticles (microgels) are an attractive approach for therapeutic delivery because of their modularity, injectability, and enhanced integration with the host tissue. Multiple microgel fabrication strategies and chemistries have been implemented, yet manipulation of microgel degradability and its effect on in vivo tissue responses remains underexplored. Here, the authors report a facile method to synthesize microgels crosslinked with ester‐containing junctions to afford tunable degradation kinetics. Monodisperse microgels of maleimide‐functionalized poly(ethylene‐glycol) are generated using droplet microfluidics crosslinked with thiol‐terminated, ester‐containing molecules. Tunable mechanics are achievable based on the ratio of degradable to nondegradable crosslinkers in the continuous phase. Degradation in an aqueous medium leads to microgel deformation based on swelling and a decrease in elastic modulus. Furthermore, degradation byproducts are cytocompatible and do not cause monocytic cell activation under noninflammatory conditions. These injectable microgels possess time‐dependent degradation on the order of weeks in vivo. Lastly, the evaluation of tissue responses in a subcutaneous dorsal pocket shows a dynamic type‐1 like immune response to the synthetic microgels, driven by interferon gamma (IFN‐γ  ) expression, which can be moderated by tuning the degradation properties. Collectively, this study demonstrates the development of a hydrolytic microgel platform that can be adapted to desired host tissue immune responses.
Towards single‐atom photocatalysts for future carbon‐neutral application
Authors: Zhang Dongpeng , Li Yanxiao , Li Yi , Zhan Sihui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe implementation of carbon neutrality to achieve the goal of controlling global warming in the Paris Climate Agreement is currently the most important international climate issue. Efficient utilization of solar energy through photocatalysts is of great significance to the adjustment of energy structure. Single‐atom photocatalysts have excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in a variety of applications, including sustainable energy conversion, chemical synthesis, CO2 reduction, environmental remediation, and other areas, owing to their unique electronic structure and high atom usage. Here, we elaborated on the content and implementation direction of the carbon neutrality policy and demonstrated the design principles of single‐atom photocatalysts. Recent single‐atom synthesis strategies are summarized, and representative characterization methods have been shown to further reveal the structure–performance relationship. Then, we focus on the application of single‐atom photocatalysts in CO2 reduction, sustainable energy conversion, and environmental remediation. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in the application of single‐atom photocatalysts were discussed based on its current development.
Do those with chronic health conditions benefit from the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion?
Authors: Hoodin Derek , Marton James , Ukert Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe evaluate the impact of Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion on coverage, access to care, and self‐reported health, for the vulnerable and chronically ill using data from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS). Using 5 years of post‐reform data between 2014 and 2018 and a difference‐in‐differences identification strategy, we find that the Medicaid expansion improved coverage and access to care among both those with and without chronic conditions. While the effect sizes are mostly larger for those with a chronic condition, the differences in magnitude are not statistically significant. We also find statistically significant improvements in self‐assessed health for those without chronic conditions. Finally, we find larger improvements in coverage and access to care among those with chronic conditions in states with higher‐than‐average pre‐ACA uninsured rates for those with chronic conditions, though these coverage and access gains did not translate into health improvements for this group.
Population structure and genetic diversity of U.S. wheat varieties
Authors: Sthapit Sajal R. , Ruff Travis M. , Hooker Marcus A. , See Deven R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe United States is a major wheat producer with more than a century of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) research and breeding. Using a panel of 753 historical and modern wheat varieties grown in the United States from the early 1800s to present day, we examined population structure and changes in genetic diversity. We used previously mapped high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the wheat 90K SNP array for genotyping. The wheat varieties had a slight hierarchical population structure based on growth habit and then by kernel color within spring varieties and by kernel hardness within winter varieties, which corresponds with geographical distribution of the varieties. Classifying varieties by market class, which is a combination of habit, hardness, and color, accounted for the greatest amount of variation (13.3%). We did not find evidence of decreased genetic diversity of either spring or winter varieties after the release of the first semidwarf wheat variety in 1961. On the contrary, northern and Pacific spring varieties, hard red spring (HRS), hard white spring (HWS), and soft white winter (SWW) had increases in both SNP and haplotype genetic diversity after 1961. The soft white spring (SWS) and soft red winter (SRW) market classes already had high genetic diversity in varieties before 1961 and showed some evidence of decreased diversity after 1961. Examination of temporal trends in genetic diversity also did not indicate long‐term decline in diversity despite occasional fluctuations.
Chronic arsenic poisoning in pigs associated with groundwater contamination
Authors: Scollo Annalisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArsenic is a heavy metal ubiquitous in soil, rocks and water. Both acute and chronic toxicity are reported in various species of animal, including humans, although publications specifically related to pigs are uncommon. This article describes a case of chronic arsenic poisoning in a pig finishing unit associated with the use of contaminated water being used to produce liquid meals and as source of water. Food safety was also considered. Mortality linked to clinical signs (lack of coordination, flaccid limb paralysis, collapse) was 2.8%. Resolution of the clinical case was reached by replacing 50% of the water used for producing the meals with dairy whey, thereby lowering the exposure dose. In conclusion, the presence of inorganic arsenic at the dose of 300 μg/L in drinking water administered for more than 6 weeks in pigs weighing 30–60 kg might determine a chronic intoxication.
Metastatic cornual melanoma in a Valesian copperneck goat
Authors: Plüss Jeanette , Franzen Jan , Origgi Francesco C. , Marchionatti Emma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 10‐year‐old, neutered, male Valesian copperneck goat was presented to the Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern for a chronic wound at the base of the right horn first noticed 3 weeks before presentation. Clinical examination revealed a firm mass with ulcerations and malodorous discharge at the base of the right horn, and a duller sound on percussion of the right frontal sinus. Radiography revealed a soft tissue opacity filling the right cornual diverticulum of the frontal sinus. Upon wound debridement, tissue of grey to black discoloration was noticed and sent in for histopathological examination, which confirmed the presence of a melanoma. Subsequent ultrasonography of the liver and radiography of the thorax revealed no sign of metastatic disease. Given the poor prognosis, the goat was euthanased, and postmortem examination revealed the presence of multiple metastatic lesions in the regional lymph nodes.
Influence of soil–structure modelling techniques on offshore wind turbine monopile structural response
Authors: Sunday Kingsley , Brennan Feargal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe importance of appropriate offshore wind turbine (OWT) monopile structural modelling technique cannot be overstated in the successful design and installation of a new generation of larger and heavier structures to deliver the increasing capacity demand. The lack of clear design guidance and acceptable structural modelling techniques across the industry results in a range of conservative but expensive design and installation techniques. Most of the OWT monopile modelling efforts lie in the substructure (foundation) and interaction with the supporting soil which is highly nonlinear along the length of the embedment depth of the monopile structure. Typically, monopile offshore wind turbine structural modelling can be completed using, amongst others, one of the following techniques: 3D finite element modelling with mass soil foundation, API p‐y curve soil springs, JeanJean soil springs, and the newly developed PISA modelling approach. The study presented in this paper considers the application of the 3D finite element modelling with mass soil, API p‐y soil springs, and the JeanJean soil springs technique. By comparing the structural response, the 3D finite element modelling with mass soil results in an improved natural frequency and harmonic response. Furthermore, a reduced displacement was observed in the 3D finite element model with mass soil which will ultimately result in a corresponding improvement in the structure's useful operational design life. The application of the API p‐y soil springs, JeanJean soil springs, and other modelling techniques requires extensive calibration to ensure the correct structural response and behaviour are achieved. This becomes a key factor as the boundaries of the size of the structure and turbine capacity are pushed even further for the new concept generation offshore wind turbines, which are required to deliver a higher capacity of 12 to 15 MW with the aim of achieving 20 MW, whilst achieving an efficient cost‐effective engineering design and installation process.
The Ends of Visibility
Authors: Haschemi Yekani Elahe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollowing an introduction to the field of visual culture studies and the idea of revisualising intersectionality, Haschemi Yekani draws on different forms of media use, artistic practice, and everyday visual culture to problematise notions of difference that rely on a binary of invisibility and visibility. Haschemi Yekani argues that the question of in/visibility needs to go beyond superficially diverse representation and also concerns technological development and a reflection of how media operate within global postcolonial networks of capital. Via discussions of “colour blindness” and “bathroom panic”, the chapter reflects the potential of artistic practice to contribute to a queering and transing of identification and the image repertoire. This includes post-representational artistic practice, strategies of disidentification as well as forms of refusing representation altogether.
Black hole superpotential as a unifying entropy function and BPS thermodynamics
Authors: Ntokos Praxitelis , Papadimitriou Ioannis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We develop an effective superpotential formalism for the SU(2)×U(1) invariant sector of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauged supergravity in five dimensions with a U(1)3 Fayet-Iliopoulos gauging, and determine the exact superpotential that describes all 1/4 BPS solutions in this sector. This includes the Gutowski-Reall black holes, but also a much broader class of solutions with a squashed S3, magnetic flux and vector multiplet sources, as well as complex Euclidean BPS saddles. Some of these solutions are known only numerically, but the exact superpotential allows us to analytically evaluate the on-shell action, holographic one-point functions and conserved charges of all BPS solutions and to study their thermodynamics. In particular, by examining the supersymmetry Ward identities we show that solutions with supersymmetric vector multiplet sources break supersymmetry spontaneously. We also demonstrate the first law for black holes in the SU(2)×U(1) invariant sector and show that the conserved charges of supersymmetric solutions satisfy the generalized BPS relation derived in [1], which includes the supersymmetric Casimir energy as a consequence of the anomalous supersymmetry transformation of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supercurrent at the boundary. Finally, we show that the effective superpotential provides a unifying entropy extremization principle, reproducing Sen’s entropy function for near extremal black holes and the Hosseini-Hristov-Zaffaroni functional for complex Euclidean BPS saddles.
Full-color three-loop three-point form factors in 𝒩 = 4 SYM
Authors: Lin Guanda , Yang Gang , Zhang Siyuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present the detailed computation of full-color three-loop three-point form factors of both the stress-tensor supermultiplet and a length-three BPS operator in 𝒩 = 4 SYM. The integrands are constructed based on the color-kinematics (CK) duality and generalized unitarity method. An interesting observation is that the CK-dual integrands contain a large number of free parameters. We discuss the origin of these free parameters in detail and check that they cancel in the simplified integrands. We further perform the numerical evaluation of the integrals at a special kinematics point using public packages FIESTA and pySecDec based on the sector-decomposition approach. We find that the numerical computation can be significantly simplified by expressing the integrals in terms of uniformly transcendental basis, although the final three-loop computations still require large computational resources. Having the full-color numerical results, we verify that the non-planar infrared divergences reproduce the non-dipole structures, which firstly appear at three loops. As for the finite remainder functions, we check that the numerical planar remainder for the stress-tensor supermultiplet is consistent with the known result of the bootstrap computation. We also obtain for the first time the numerical results of the three-loop non-planar remainder for the stress-tensor supermultiplet as well as the three-loop remainder for the length-three operator.
Challenges for unsupervised anomaly detection in particle physics
Authors: Fraser Katherine , Homiller Samuel , Mishra Rashmish K. , Ostdiek Bryan , Schwartz Matthew D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Anomaly detection relies on designing a score to determine whether a particular event is uncharacteristic of a given background distribution. One way to define a score is to use autoencoders, which rely on the ability to reconstruct certain types of data (background) but not others (signals). In this paper, we study some challenges associated with variational autoencoders, such as the dependence on hyperparameters and the metric used, in the context of anomalous signal (top and W) jets in a QCD background. We find that the hyperparameter choices strongly affect the network performance and that the optimal parameters for one signal are non-optimal for another. In exploring the networks, we uncover a connection between the latent space of a variational autoencoder trained using mean-squared-error and the optimal transport distances within the dataset. We then show that optimal transport distances to representative events in the background dataset can be used directly for anomaly detection, with performance comparable to the autoencoders. Whether using autoencoders or optimal transport distances for anomaly detection, we find that the choices that best represent the background are not necessarily best for signal identification. These challenges with unsupervised anomaly detection bolster the case for additional exploration of semi-supervised or alternative approaches.
Interacting fractons in 2+1-dimensional quantum field theory
Authors: Distler Jacques , Jafry Murtaza , Karch Andreas , Raz Amir 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We analyze, in perturbation theory, a theory of weakly interacting fractons and non-relativistic fermions in a 2+1 dimensional Quantum Field Theory. In particular we compute the 1-loop corrections to the self energies and interaction vertex, and calculate the associated 1-loop Renormalization Group flows of the coupling constants. Surprisingly, we find that the fracton-fermion coupling does not flow due to an emergent coordinate-dependent symmetry of the effective Lagrangian, making this model a well-defined quantum field theory. We provide additional discussions on the regularization and renormalization of interacting fractonic theories, as well as both qualitative and quantitative remarks regarding the theory at finite temperature and finite chemical potential.
Einfluss der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung auf die Datenqualität bei der Erhebung von Registerdaten
Authors: Özkurtul Orkun , von Dercks N. , Fuchs C. , Keß A. , Osterhoff G. , Struck M. F. , Scholtz A. , Josten C. , Fakler J. K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch die neue Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DS-GVO) sind die Anforderungen an eine sachgerechte Aufklärung der Patienten über die Dokumentation pseudonymisierter, personenbezogener Daten in einem Register enorm gestiegen. Dies betrifft ganz besonders das TraumaRegister DGU®, da eine schriftliche Aufklärung schwer verletzter Patienten in der Akutsituation nicht immer gelingt. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, den Einfluss der infolge fehlender Aufklärung nichtdokumentierten Fälle auf die standardisierte Mortalitätsrate (SMR) zu untersuchen.

Material und Methode
Im Jahr 2019 wurden 274 Patienten retrospektiv erfasst, die die Kriterien des Basiskollektivs erfüllen. Darunter waren 72 Sekundärverlegungen, die ausgeschlossen wurden. Bei den verbliebenen 197 Patienten konnte in allen Fällen der RISC II Score erhoben werden.

Ergebnisse
Von den 197 primär (72 % männlich) versorgten Patienten wurden 147 (74,6 %) schriftlich aufgeklärt oder waren verstorben und wurden folglich dokumentiert. Die prognostizierte Letalität, tatsächliche Letalität und SMR betrug 18,5 %, 19,0 % resp. 1,03. Bei den Patienten, die nicht aufgeklärt wurden (n = 50), lagen die prognostizierte Letalität, tatsächliche Letalität und SMR bei 7,0 %, 0 % resp. 0. Bezieht man diese Fälle mit ein, ergibt sich eine deutlich günstigere SMR mit 0,93.

Schlussfolgerung
Durch die fehlende schriftliche Einwilligung überlebender Patienten konnten nur etwa 75 % aller Patienten der Uniklinik Leipzig für das TraumaRegister DGU® dokumentiert werden. Da die lokale Gesetzeslage andererseits eine Registerdokumentation verstorbener Patienten zulässt, ergibt sich daraus eine nachteilige Beeinflussung der SMR, die in unserem Kollektiv etwa 10 % höher ausfällt, als sie in Realität ist.
High-intensity interval training for 12 weeks improves cardiovascular autonomic function but not somatosensory nerve function and structure in overweight men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bönhof Gidon J. , Strom Alexander , Apostolopoulou Maria , Karusheva Yanislava , Sarabhai Theresia , Pesta Dominik , Roden Michael , Ziegler Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
It remains unclear whether and which modality of exercise training as a component of lifestyle intervention may exert favourable effects on somatosensory and autonomic nerve tests in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
Cardiovascular autonomic and somatosensory nerve function as well as intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) were assessed in overweight men with type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes, n = 20) and male glucose-tolerant individuals (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], n = 23), comparable in age and BMI and serving as a control group, before and after a supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention programme over 12 weeks. Study endpoints included clinical scores, nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing, IENFD, heart rate variability, postural change in systolic blood pressure and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS).

Results
After 12 weeks of HIIT, resting heart rate decreased in both groups ([mean ± SD] baseline/12 weeks: NGT: 65.1 ± 8.2/60.2 ± 9.0 beats per min; type 2 diabetes: 68.8 ± 10.1/63.4 ± 7.8 beats per min), while three BRS indices increased (sequence analysis BRS: 8.82 ± 4.89/14.6 ± 11.7 ms2/mmHg; positive sequences BRS: 7.19 ± 5.43/15.4 ± 15.9 ms2/mmHg; negative sequences BRS: 12.8 ± 5.4/14.6 ± 8.7 ms2/mmHg) and postural change in systolic blood pressure decreased (−13.9 ± 11.6/−9.35 ± 9.76 mmHg) in participants with type 2 diabetes, and two heart rate variability indices increased in the NGT group (standard deviation of R–R intervals: 36.1 ± 11.8/55.3 ± 41.3 ms; coefficient of R–R interval variation: 3.84 ± 1.21/5.17 ± 3.28) (all p<0.05). In contrast, BMI, clinical scores, nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing, IENFD and the prevalence rates of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy remained unchanged in both groups. In the entire cohort, correlations between the changes in two BRS indices and changes in $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$

V
̇

O

2
max

over 12 weeks of HIIT (e.g. sequence analysis BRS: r = 0.528, p=0.017) were observed.

Conclusions/interpretation
In male overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes, BRS, resting heart rate and orthostatic blood pressure regulation improved in the absence of weight loss after 12 weeks of supervised HIIT. Since no favourable effects on somatic nerve function and structure were observed, cardiovascular autonomic function appears to be more amenable to this short-term intervention, possibly due to improved cardiorespiratory fitness.

Graphical abstract
The Potential Use of Orange and Banana Peels to Minimize the Toxicological Effects of Silver Nanoparticles in Oreochromis Niloticus
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Amr Adel , Hamed Aliaa , Hasheesh Wafaa S.F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the effectiveness of orange peels (OP) and banana peels (BP) in reducing the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to Ag-NPs, Ag-NPs + OP, and Ag-NPs + BP for 24, 48, and 96 h. Time-dependent toxicological impacts of Ag-NPs were recorded. The maximum Ag accumulation was in hepatic and renal tissues after 96 h. A marked decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit ratio, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was observed after 48 and 96 h of Ag-NPs exposure. Silver accumulation resulted in severe histological alterations (ex: congestion, vacuolization, and necrotic degeneration) in gills, livers, and kidneys. The adsorptive capacity of both peels could reduce the bioavailability of Ag-NPs as indicated by decreased Ag content in tissues, insignificant change in the hematological parameters with control groups, and regressive histological alterations based on the frequency of alterations’ existence and the extent of affected parts.