bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satellite data reveal differential responses of Swiss forests to unprecedented 2018 drought
Authors: Sturm Joan , Santos Maria J. , Schmid Bernhard , Damm Alexander 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExtreme events such as the summer drought of 2018 in Central Europe are projected to occur more frequently in the future and may cause major damages including increased tree mortality and negative impacts on forest ecosystem services. Here, we quantify the response of >1 million forest pixels of 10 × 10 m across Switzerland to the 2018 drought in terms of resistance, recovery, and resilience. We used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) derived from Sentinel‐2 satellite data as a proxy for canopy water content and analyzed its relative change. We calculated NDWI change between the 2017 pre‐drought and 2018 drought years (indicating resistance), 2018 and the 2019 post‐drought (indicating recovery), and between 2017–2019 (indicating resilience). Analyzing the data from this large natural experiment, we found that for 4.3% of the Swiss forest the NDWI declined between 2017 and 2018, indicating areas with low resistance of the forest canopy to drought effects. While roughly 50% of this area recovered, in 2.7% of the forested area NDWI continued to decline from 2018 to 2019, suggesting prolonged negative effects or delayed damage. We found differential forest responses to drought associated with site topographic characteristics and forest stand characteristics, and to a lesser extent with climatic conditions and interactions between these drivers. Low drought resistance and high recovery were most prominent at forest edges, but also on south‐facing slopes and lower elevations. Tree functional type was the most important driver of drought resilience, with most of the damage in stands with high conifer abundance. Our results demonstrate the suitability of satellite‐based quantification of drought‐induced forest damage at high spatial resolution across large areas. Such information is important to predict how local site characteristics may impact forest vulnerability to future extreme events and help in the search for appropriate adaptation strategies.
A working guide to harnessing generalized dissimilarity modelling for biodiversity analysis and conservation assessment
Authors: Mokany Karel , Ware Chris , Woolley Skipton N. C. , Ferrier Simon , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimGeneralized dissimilarity modelling (GDM) is a powerful and unique method for characterizing and predicting beta diversity, the change in biodiversity over space, time and environmental gradients. The number of studies applying GDM is expanding, with increasing recognition of its value in improving our understanding of the drivers of biodiversity patterns and in implementing a wide variety of spatial assessments relevant to biodiversity conservation. However, apart from the original presentation of the GDM technique, there has been little guidance available to users on applying GDM to different situations or on the key modelling decisions required.InnovationWe present an accessible working guide to GDM. We describe the context for the development of GDM, present a simple statistical explanation of how model fitting works, and step through key considerations involved in data preparation, model fitting, refinement and assessment. We then describe how several novel spatial biodiversity analyses can be implemented using GDM, with code to support broader implementation. We conclude by providing an overview of the range of GDM‐based analyses that have been undertaken to date and identify priority areas for future research and development.Main conclusionsOur vision is that this working guide will facilitate greater and more rigorous use of GDM as a powerful tool for undertaking biodiversity analyses and assessments.
Are we failing female and racialized academics? A Canadian national survey examining the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on tenure and tenure‐track faculty
Authors: Davis Jennifer C. , Li Eric Ping Hung , Butterfield Mary Stewart , DiLabio Gino A. , Santhagunam Nithi , Marcolin Barbara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused the abrupt curtailment of on‐campus research activities that amplified impacts experienced by female and racialized faculty. In this mixed‐method study, we systematically and strategically unpack the impact of the shift of academic work environments to remote settings on tenured and tenure‐track faculty in Canada. Our quantitative analysis demonstrated that female and racialized faculty experienced higher levels of stress, social isolation and lower well‐being. Fewer women faculty felt support for health and wellness. Our qualitative data highlighted substantial gender inequities reported by female faculty such as increased caregiving burden that affected their research productivity. The most pronounced impacts were felt among pre‐tenured female faculty. The present study urges university administration to take further action to support female and racialized faculty through substantial organizational change and reform. Given the disproportionate toll that female and racialized faculty experienced, we suggest a novel approach that include three dimensions of change: (1) establishing quantitative metrics to assess and evaluate pandemic‐induced impact on research productivity, health and well‐being, (2) coordinating collaborative responses with faculty unions across the nation to mitigate systemic inequities, and (3) strategically implementing a storytelling approach to amplify the experiences of marginalized populations such as women or racialized faculty and include those experiences as part of recommendations for change.
Circ_0011232 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression through miR‐503‐5p/AKT3 axis
Authors: Ju Andong , Shen Yuhou , Yue Aimin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of primary liver cancer with high mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to be involved in the development of HCC, but the functions of circ_0011232 in HCC remain ill‐defined.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot assay, or immunohistochemistry assay was performed to determine the levels of circ_0011232, miR‐503‐5p, and AKT3. RNase R assay and actinomycin D assay were conducted to analyze the feature of circ_0011232. Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, wound‐healing assay, and transwell assay were conducted to evaluate HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was carried out to confirm the relationships among circ_0011232, miR‐503‐5p, and AKT3. The murine xenograft assay was conducted to verify the function of circ_0011232 in tumor growth in vivo.ResultsCirc_0011232 and AKT3 were upregulated, while miR‐503‐5p was decreased in HCC tissues and cells. Circ_0011232 knockdown repressed HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis in vitro and blocked tumor growth in vivo. MiR‐503‐5p was a target of circ_0011232. MiR‐503‐5p inhibition reversed the effects of circ_0011232 knockdown on HCC cell development. Moreover, AKT3 was confirmed to be a target of miR‐503‐5p, and AKT3 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effects on HCC cell progression caused by miR‐503‐5p.ConclusionCirc_0011232 facilitated HCC progression via miR‐503‐5p/AKT3 axis, which might provide a novel treatment strategy for HCC.
Effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yawei , Zhang Jun , Yang Chao , Xia Biying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants.BackgroundWith an increased focus of studies on maternal sound stimulation for preterm infants, there is a need for an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to measure the effects of maternal sound stimulation on preterm infants.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL Complete, VIP Journal Integration Platform, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and China Biology Medicine disc from database establishment to 28 April 2021.Review methodsWe conducted the meta‐analysis using Review Manager 5.3. Integrative description was used for data that were not suitable for meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 380 studies between 1979 and 2021 were retrieved and 26 were included in this systematic review. Maternal sound stimulation could significantly reduce the pain level and increase the comfort level of preterm infants during a painful procedure. Compared with routine care, maternal sound stimulation could help preterm infants achieve better physiological stability by reducing their heart rate and increasing their oxygen saturation.ConclusionMaternal sound stimulation is a feasible and effective intervention for preterm infants, which is highly recommended in the clinical setting.
Do credit rating agencies reward fiscal prudence?
Authors: Jalles João T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGovernments are responsible for economic policy implementation, and their actions affect financial and capital market outcomes. Specifically, the way fiscal policy is conducted matters when credit agencies have to decide on how to rate a sovereign. This paper empirically assesses the effect of a new time‐varying measure of fiscal counter‐cyclicality on the sovereign credit ratings of the main agencies: Fitch, Standard & Poor's, and Moody's. I focus on a heterogeneous sample of 63 advanced and developing economies between 1980 and 2015. First, we find that the degree of fiscal counter‐cyclicality is generally positive and has been increasing over time, being larger in advanced economies. Second, the more counter‐cyclical a fiscal policy is, the better the assessment a rating agency gives to that country, particularly if it is an advanced one. This suggests that fiscal prudence and stabilization concerns are rewarded. Our results are robust to several sensitivity and robustness checks.
Ambulatory blood pressure response to S‐amlodipine in Korean adult patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Kim Dong Kyun , Ahn Joon Ho , Lee Ki Hong , Kang Si‐Hyuck , Kim Sung Soo , Na Jin Oh , Park Sang Don , Ahn Kye Taek , Lee Jung‐Hee , Jung In Hyun , Seo Jongkwon , Choi Woong Gil 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough amlodipine is recommended as the first‐line therapy for the treatment of hypertension, its use is limited by its potential side effects. S‐amlodipine is expected to be able to minimize side effects of amlodipine with a similar antihypertensive effect by removing the malicious R‐chiral form. However, sustainable blood pressure control with S‐amlodipine has not been well established yet. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) profiles before and after a 12‐week treatment of S‐amlodipine. Patients received once‐daily S‐amlodipine 2.5 or 5 mg. ABP during 24 hr and office blood pressure were measured at baseline and after the 12‐week treatment. Primary endpoints were changes of systolic and diastolic 24 hr ABP. After 12‐week S‐amlodipine treatment, mean systolic ABP (‐15.1 ± 16.2 mmHg, p < .001) and diastolic ABP (‐8.9 ± 9.8 mmHg, p < .001) were decreased significantly. Both daytime and night‐time mean systolic BP and diastolic BP were also significantly decreased after the 12‐week treatment. Global trough‐to‐peak ratio and smoothness index after 12‐week S‐amlodipine treatment were .75 and .79 for SBP and .65 and .61 for DBP, respectively. Age ≥65 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–14.3) and nonalcohol drinking (HR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.34–7.17) were independent clinical factors for target ABP achievement. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) were developed in 16 (6.4%) patients, including two (.8%) cases of peripheral edema. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of S‐amlodipine in patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension.
Drying of tomato pomace in daylight simulated photovoltaic‐assisted drying system: Effects of daylight intensity and application mode
Authors: Bayana Damla , İçier Filiz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt was aimed to dry a by‐product of tomato paste production (tomato pomace) by minimizing the losses valuable components and reducing energy consumption. In this concept, a daylight simulated photovoltaic‐assisted dryer (DPVD) applying the daylight in different modes and intensities during drying was custom‐designed. The effects of daylight applications on the change of some quality characteristics of tomato pomace and system performance characteristics were investigated, and the optimum drying condition was determined. The process conditions included the combination of three different daylight application modes (UV‐blocked daylight via solar tube‐DLST, DLST + LED, and LED) and three different daylight intensities (2,500, 7,500, and 10,000 lux). The drying was applied for 240 min at constant air temperature (60°C) with an air velocity of 2 m/s. The moisture content and the water activity values of dried tomato pomace were 8.86 ± 2.00% and 0.57 ± 0.10%, respectively. The lycopene and β‐carotene losses after drying were determined as 68.36 ± 4.32% and 65.66 ± 4.33%, respectively. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the system were in the range of 19.56%–35.73% and 5.10%–17.05%, respectively. The optimum condition meeting the criteria of superior quality and high‐performance characteristics was obtained by applying DLST at 7,500 lux (desirability 0.728). In the performance improvement studies, it has been concluded that all the energy required for the process could have been fulfilled as 100% from solar energy with the support of photovoltaic panels. In other words, it was demonstrated that the developed DPVD system could be used to dry the tomato pomace not only in terms of providing high food quality and safety, but also in terms of having high energy efficiency.Practical applicationsExposure to the daylight is important to dry some foods. Especially in north countries, products are dried in artificial dryers, but it requires high energy consumption. In this study, the daylight transfer system was integrated into the artificial dryer for the purpose of using daylight effect in addition to the photovoltaic (PV) assistance for using solar energy. During periods when the solar thermal effect is not intense or in countries where the sun effect is limited, it will be possible to dry food products with the daylight effects via using the DPVD system in suitable microbiological conditions.In this study, tomato pomace samples, which are the byproduct of tomato paste production, could be dried in daylight simulated PV‐assisted drying system in high quality and with low energy consumption. It is concluded that it can be possible to obtain valuable components from a byproduct having no economical value.
Stakeholders' views on priorities essential for establishing a supportive environment for clinical trials in nursing homes
Authors: Delude Christopher , Abi‐Elias Ivan H. , Quinn Charlene C. , Adams Alyce S. , Magaziner Jay S. , Ito Kouta , Jain Paavani , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Mazor Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe U.S. clinical research enterprise in nursing homes was unprepared to mount clinical trials in nursing homes to address urgent questions relevant to prevention and treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identify priorities essential for establishing a supportive environment for future clinical trials in nursing homes.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional online questionnaires were administered between January and February 2021. One was administered to nursing home providers, researchers, and policymakers; respondents rated the importance of attributes of researchers, facilities, leaders and staff for conducting clinical trials in nursing homes. Because importance may depend on trial type, respondents rated each attribute for efficacy trials (testing an intervention in ideal circumstances) and effectiveness trials (testing an intervention in “real world” circumstances). We calculated the attribute rating means and standard deviations, and used content analysis to characterize open‐ended responses. The second questionnaire for resident family members and advocates included open‐ended questions about nursing home research, and factors influencing willingness to participate.ResultsThe attributes rated as most essential for conducting efficacy and effectiveness trials in nursing homes are research team attributes, that is, that researchers recognize regulatory constraints; understand and adapt to nursing home workflow; and work collaboratively with nursing home leaders to identify priorities. Resident and facility diversity emerged as essential for effectiveness trials; important dimensions included resident race, ethnicity and income, as well as nursing home urban/rural location, quality ratings, geography, staffing ratios, size, and profit status. Caregivers and resident advocates stressed the importance of communication among participants, researchers, and nursing home leadership and staff at all stages of a trial.ConclusionDeveloping a robust U.S. clinical research enterprise capable of efficiently mounting future clinical trials in nursing homes will require a reimagining of the relationships that exist between researchers, facilities, nursing home leaders, and residents, with a research infrastructure specifically focused on supporting and fostering these connections.
Hospital factors that predict intention of health care workers to leave their job during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chuan , Wu Hsueh‐Ching , Kuo Feng‐Tze , Koh David , Guo Yue‐Liang Leon , Shiao Judith Shu‐Chu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo identify factors responsible for hospital health care workers' intention to leave their job during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA cross‐sectional study was performed.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was delivered to solicit hospital health care workers' demographics, intention to leave, workplace environment, and changes related to COVID‐19 from July to November 2020 in Taiwan. Principal component analysis was performed to compare group‐related factors. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors for the intention of health care workers to leave their job.FindingsAmong the 1209 health care workers (mean age, 36.3 years) who participated in the study, intention to leave the job was found to be related to factors relating to COVID‐19, including perceived risk, affected social relationships, and increased workload and job stress, after adjustment for demographic and work factors. Supportive administration/management were protective factors against leaving the job. These results were supported by sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the intention of health care workers to leave their job during a pandemic is related to potentially modifiable factors relating to the infection itself and work environment.Clinical relevanceHigh perceived risk of COVID‐19, affected social relationaops, and increased workload and job stress were positively associated with the intention of health care workers to leave their job, whereas supportive administration and management were protective factors against leaving the job. Development of workplace strategies is important to help mitigate these above factors, improve psychological wellbeing, and promote workforce stability.
Effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions on psychological well‐being, burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder among nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramachandran Hadassah Joann , Bin Mahmud Muhammad Shaheed , Rajendran Priyadharshni , Jiang Ying , Cheng Li , Wang Wenru 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions on psychological well‐being, burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms among working registered nurses.BackgroundNurses account for nearly half of the global healthcare workforce and are considered significant contributors in multi‐disciplinary healthcare teams. Yet, nurses face high levels of psychological distress, leading to burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Mindfulness‐based training is a strategy that has been introduced to foster a state of awareness of present physical, emotional and cognitive experiences to regulate behaviour.DesignThis systematic review of randomised controlled trials was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were screened and extracted. Methodological quality was evaluated by two researchers, independently. RevMan 5.4 was used to conduct the meta‐analysis.ResultsFourteen studies including a total of 1077 nurses were included, of which only eleven were included in the meta‐analysis as the remaining had missing or incomplete data. Meta‐analysis revealed that MBI was more effective than passive comparators in reducing psychological distress, stress, depression and burnout—personal accomplishment. When compared to active comparators, MBI was also found to be more effective in reducing psychological distress and was as effective in reducing stress, anxiety, depression and burnout.Evidence on the effects of MBIs on PTSD was scarce.ConclusionMindfulness‐based interventions can effectively reduce psychological distress, stress, depression and some dimensions of burnout. However, evidence remains scarce in the literature. There is a need for more methodologically sound research on mindfulness‐based training among nurses.Relevance for clinical practiceAn important aspect that relates to the success of mindfulness‐based interventions is the continued and dedicated individual practice of the skills taught during mindfulness training amidst demanding clinical work environments. Therefore, relevant support for nurses must be accounted for in the planning, design and implementation of future mindfulness‐based interventions.
Beyond (low) Agreeableness: Toward a more comprehensive understanding of antagonistic psychopathology
Authors: Scholz David D. , Hilbig Benjamin E. , Thielmann Isabel , Moshagen Morten , Zettler Ingo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn clinical psychopathology research, up to seven traits have been suggested as instances of antagonistic psychopathology. Those antagonistic traits, in turn, are commonly viewed as reflections of low Agreeableness as per the Big Five (BF‐AG). However, specific theoretical differences between antagonistic traits suggest that other broad, basic dimensions beyond BF‐AG ought to provide further points of correspondence. Specifically, whereas primarily affective antagonistic traits are closely aligned with BF‐AG, primarily behavioral antagonistic traits are better aligned with Honesty‐Humility (HH) from the HEXACO model and primarily cognitive antagonistic traits are better aligned with the common core of aversive traits (the Dark Factor of Personality, D). Indeed, from a theoretical perspective, D seems to be the only candidate sufficiently covering all aspects of antagonistic traits (affect, behavior, and cognition) to a comparable extent and thus affording a balanced representation of antagonistic psychopathology. We critically test these conjectures in a large and heterogeneous online sample (N = 3,396), investigating the overlap between antagonistic traits and basic personality via structural equation modeling. Results show that BF‐AG, HH, and D each yield particularly strong ties to one group of antagonistic traits (affective, behavioral, and cognitive, respectively), while D offers the most balanced representation of all (groups of) antagonistic traits.