bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free, Persulfate‐Mediated Oxidative Radical CH Functionalizations
Authors: Gupta Anjali , Laha Joydev K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Carbon–carbon/carbon–heteroatom bond formation via oxidative CH functionalization is a novel approach which shifts the focus from the standard organic synthesis involving selective reactions at functional groups. The new logic relies on the controlled functionalization of specific CH bonds, even in the presence of supposedly more reactive functional groups and is currently a heavily explored topic. Peroxydisulfate oxidants have risen as an economical and readily available choice of inorganic oxidant, catalyzing a wide range of oxidative transformations, varying from laboratory experiments to industrial processes. The current article provides a comprehensive analysis of significant oxidative transformations brought about by persulfates, with or without the aid of any additives, under transition‐metal‐free conditions. The report focuses on the critical assessment of the reactions involved, the explored substrate scopes, and the underlying mechanisms. This article can be a useful guide for the organic chemists interested in the expedient synthesis of new chemical entities, formulation of mechanistic manifolds involving the sulfate radical anion, or designing of novel oxidative transformations. However, a thorough understanding of the unsolved mechanisms can further reinforce the field.
Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization via Transient Directing Group Strategy
Authors: Ding Mingruo , Zhang Fengzhi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Transition metal‐catalyzed carbon–hydrogen bond (CH) activation and functionalization have exponentially developed in the past 30 years. The use of transition‐metal catalysts in combination with directing groups enables the site‐selective CH activation and functionalization to occur even at inactivated and less reactive sites. To avoid the extra steps to introduce directing groups at specific sites in the substrates and to remove these groups before producing the final products, a new transient directing group strategy using temporarily installed coordinating auxiliaries has been devised for CH bond activation, which allows the temporarily and reversibly installment of a catalytic amount of a coordinating auxiliary and achieve the regioselective CH bond functionalization. In this article, palladium‐catalyzed functionalization of C(sp
2
)H and C(sp
3
)H bonds mediated by transient imine‐directed ligands was discussed, which allowed the efficient construction of new carbon−carbon and carbon−heteroatom bonds from various types of CH bonds.
Diazo Compounds as Cross‐Coupling Partners in C(sp
2
)H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Pontini Lorenzo , Angelini Tommaso , Marinozzi Maura 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Diazo compounds are undoubtedly among the most versatile classes of organic compounds. Thanks to their ability to serve as either carbene precursors or 1,3‐dipoles, they have traditionally been used in a broad array of useful transformations including cyclopropanations, carbon−hydrogen, and heteroatom‐hydrogen insertions, ylide formations, 1,2‐migrations, and 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions.

Although more than 120 years old diazo compounds continue to find new applications in organic synthesis. Over the last two decades, carbon–hydrogen bond functionalization has been emerging as a cutting‐edge research area. According to this approach, the reaction is initiated by a first step of metal‐catalyzed carbon–hydrogen bond activation, followed by a cross‐coupling reaction of the nucleophilic metal‐carbon species, thus generated, with an appropriate electrophilic partner. Since electrophilic metal carbenes can be generated starting from diazo compounds, that is what carbon–hydrogen bond activation and diazo compound decomposition can be realized within the same catalytic cycle by choosing the appropriate catalytic system. This article deals with the metal‐catalyzed intermolecular functionalization of carbon(sp
2
)–hydrogen bonds by the use of diazo compounds as electrophilic cross‐coupling partners.
Direct measurement of CTDIw on helical CT scans
Authors: DePew Kyle D. , Boggs Robert C. , Yester Michael V. , Barnes Gary T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeMedical physics computed tomography (CT) practice involves measurements to determine CTDIvol on representative clinical CT protocols. In current practice the majority of CT exams employ helical scans. To determine CTDIvol for a helical scan, one measures CTDIw with an axial scan, then divides by the pitch. Problems arise in CT units where one is unable to select an axial scan with the same detector configuration and pre‐patient (bowtie) filtration that is employed on the helical scan. Presented is a method to measure CTDIw on helical scans.MethodsThe body and head CTDI phantoms were supported on the gantry shroud with brackets attached to the phantom. The phantom is above the tabletop and remains stationary during helical scans as the table moves beneath the phantom. With the phantom stationary, the CTDIw associated with head and body helical scans was measured. CTDIw was also measured for head and body axial scans with the same pre‐patient filtrations and detector configurations.ResultsFor both the head and body CTDI phantom the agreement between the axial and helical CTDIw measurements was <1.5%.ConclusionsBody and head CTDIw and CTDIvol can be directly measured by employing helical scans with the method in this paper
Applying minimally invasive biomarkers of chronic stress across complex ecological contexts
Authors: DeCaro Jason A. , Helfrecht Courtney 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChronic stress is both theoretically and methodologically challenging to operationalize through biomarkers. Yet minimally invasive, field‐friendly biomarkers of chronic stress are valuable in research linking biology and culture, seeking to understand differential patterns of human development across ecological contexts, and exploring the evolution of human sociality. For human biologists, a central question in measurement and interpretation of biomarkers is how stress‐responsive physiological systems are regulated across diverse human ecologies. This article aims to describe a conditional toolkit for human biologists interested in the study of chronic stress, highlighting a mix of longstanding and novel biomarkers, with special focus on hair/fingernail cortisol, latent herpesvirus antibodies, allostatic load indices, and serial/ambulatory data collection approaches. Future trends in chronic stress biomarker research, including epigenetic approaches, are briefly considered. This overview considers: (1) challenges in separating a distinctly psychosocial dimension of chronic stress from adversity more broadly; (2) essential characteristics of human ecology that shape interpretation; (3) retrospective vs. longitudinal sampling; (4) the role of age, developmental effects, and local biologies; (5) different timescales of chronicity; and (6) the role of culture.
Continuous ulnar nerve block at the forearm for early active mobilisation following flexor tendon reconstruction
Authors: Watanabe T. , Kamimura K. , Shirahata M. , Moriya K. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryA 63‐year‐old woman had sustained a subcutaneous rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon of the little finger due to osteoarthritis of the pisotriquetral joint. She underwent excision of the pisiform bone and reconstruction of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon of the little finger using an autogenous palmaris longus tendon graft. After surgery, a continuous ulnar nerve block was performed at the forearm under ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance. During rehabilitation, she could not actively extend her little finger independently due to the block; however, she could actively extend it when the dorsum of the metacarpophalangeal joint was pressed by the occupational therapist, resulting in successful early active mobilisation. A continuous ulnar nerve block at the forearm may help to facilitate early active mobilisation after reconstructive surgery for little finger flexor tendon rupture. However, it may restrict the active extension of the little finger because the block does not spare the innervation of the intrinsic muscles responsible for little finger extension.
Finite time adaptive filter control of nonlinear systems with actuator faults and state constraints
Authors: Zhang Huiyun , Wu Libing , Yan Weijun , Hu Yuhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe finite time adaptive filter control problem is studied for strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with actuator faults and state constraints in this paper. First, with the aid of the backstepping technique, the controller and the adaptive laws are designed to compensate the actuator faults and parameter uncertainties. Then, the dynamic surface control is used to establish a first‐order filter to alleviate computational burden for the reason of the derivative of virtual control laws. In addition, none of the system states violate predefined constraint boundaries by utilizing a log‐type barrier Lyapunov function. Furthermore, the boundedness can be ensured for all the closed‐loop signals, and better tracking performance of the system is obtained within a finite‐time. Finally, the simulation examples are shown to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Comparative pharmacokinetic study of nine bioactive components in osteoarthritis rat plasma using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry after single and combined oral administration of Epimedii Folium and Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts
Authors: Wu Enhui , Zhang Jianhua , Chen Wenjun , Wang Yahong , Yin Hua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe herb pair Epimedii Folium–Chuanxiong Rhizoma (EF–CR), derived from the classical traditional Chinese medicine ‘Xian Ling Pi San’, has a distinctive compatibility therapeutic profile and is clinically safe and effective. This study aimed to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of nine analytes in osteoarthritis (OA) rat plasma after the oral administration of EF, CR or a combination of these two herbs. We developed an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography method coupled with quadrupole linear ion‐trap mass spectrometry to simultaneously quantify and assess the pharmacokinetics of icariin, epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariside I, icariside II, ferulic acid, ligustilide and senkyunolide A of the EF–CR pair in the plasma of osteoarthritic rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the absorption of multiple components was significantly enhanced and residence time was prolonged in the EF–CR group (P < 0.05) compared to the single‐herb group. These parameters revealed that the combination of EF and CR exhibited synergistic effects of the nine bioactive components, suggesting the potential application of the EF–CR combination for the treatment of OA.
SERS spectroscopy with machine learning to analyze human plasma derived sEVs for coronary artery disease diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Huang Xi , Liu Bo , Guo Shenghan , Guo Weihong , Liao Ke , Hu Guoku , Shi Wen , Kuss Mitchell , Duryee Michael J. , Anderson Daniel R. , Lu Yongfeng , Duan Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases and represents the leading causes of global mortality. Developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CAD treatment are critically needed, especially for an early accurate CAD detection and further timely intervention. In this study, we successfully isolated human plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from four stages of CAD patients, that is, healthy control, stable plaque, non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement in conjunction with five machine learning approaches, including Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K‐Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural network, were then applied for the classification and prediction of the sEV samples. Among these five approaches, the overall accuracy of SVM shows the best predication results on both early CAD detection (86.4%) and overall prediction (92.3%). SVM also possesses the highest sensitivity (97.69%) and specificity (95.7%). Thus, our study demonstrates a promising strategy for noninvasive, safe, and high accurate diagnosis for CAD early detection.
Ultrasound evidence of altered lumbar fascia in patients with low back pain
Authors: Tamartash Hassan , Bahrpeyma Farid , Mokhtari Dizaji Manijhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDifferent hypotheses have been proposed about the role of lumbar connective tissue in low back pain (LBP). However, none of the previous studies have examined the change in the elastic behavior of lumbar fascia in patients with LBP. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the elastic behavior of lumbar fascia in patients with chronic non‐specific LBP based on ultrasound imaging. The sonographic strain imaging assessed the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) of 131 human subjects (68 LBP and 63 non‐LBP). Assessments were done at L2–L3 and L4–L5 levels bilaterally. The points were located 2 cm lateral to the midpoint of the interspinous ligament. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between LBP and healthy individuals. There is a strong inverse relationship between pain severity (r = −0.76, n = 68, p = 0.004) and the TLF elastic modulus coefficient. No significant relationship were observed between age (r = 0.053, n = 68, p = 0.600), BMI (r = −0.45, n = 68, p = 0.092), and gender (r = −0.09, n = 68, p = 0.231) with the TLF elasticity coefficient. The LBP group had a 25%–30% lower TLF elastic modulus coefficient than healthy individuals. The present study is the first to evaluate the elastic coefficient of TLF using the ultrasound imaging method. The study results showed that the TLF elastic coefficient in patients with LBP was reduced compared to healthy individuals and directly related to LBP severity.
The efficacy and cardiac toxicity of different‐dose pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in elderly patients with diffuse large B lymphoma
Authors: Li Li , Chen Rongrong , Zhou De , Sun Jianai , Wang Lulu , Zhu Lixia , Shen Huafei , Xie Wanzhuo , Ye Xiujin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn order to explore the impact of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) dose intensity on survival outcomes of newly diagnosed elderly patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we performed a retrospective study to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of RCEOP (70 mg/m2), RCdOP (20–30 mg/m2) and RCDOP (30–45 mg/m2). The optimal PLD dose of patients with different clinical characteristics of subgroups was explored to provide a clue for the selection of clinical PLD dose.MethodsA total of 335 DLBCL patients (60–85 years old) who were newly diagnosed and completed at least four cycles of RCE(D)OP were selected. The patients were mainly divided into RCEOP (126 cases) (epirubicin 70 mg/m2), RCdOP (151 cases) (PLD 20–30 mg/m2) and RCdOP (58 cases) (PLD 30–45 mg/m2). The effects of different doses of PLD on clinical efficacy, cardiotoxicity and prognosis of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare the clinical characteristics of different subgroups.ResultsOur study showed that PLD and epirubicin had similar efficacy (overall survival (OS) p = 0.776; progression‐free survival (PFS) p = 0.959). RCDOP (30–45 mg/m2 PLD) group had a higher complete remission (CR) rate of 75.9% compared with RCdOP (20–30 mg/m2 PLD) group (P D vs. d = 0.018). In the overall population, there was no significant difference in survival between RCDOP and RCdOP groups (OS P D vs. d = 0.661; PFS P D vs. d = 0.212). In patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases, the PFS of the RCDOP group was significantly better than the RCdOP group (p = 0.043). Meanwhile, patients in the RCDOP group tended to have a better prognosis than those in the RCEOP group (OS: RCDOP vs. RCEOP p = 0.054, PFS: RCDOP vs. RCEOP p = 0.053). There was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiotoxicity and other adverse events among the three groups. For the low‐risk (age‐adjusted‐International Prognostic Index = 0/1) old patients without cardiovascular disease, RCdOP was considered a better strategy in OS (p = 0.020).ConclusionIn the general population, the CR rate in the RCDOP group was significantly higher than that in the RCdOP group (p = 0.018). For elderly DLBCL patients with cardiovascular disease, the effect benefit brought by the PLD dose was more obvious, and the PFS of the RCDOP group was significantly better than that of the RCdOP group (p = 0.043). Full dose of PLD is an efficient alternative in the treatment of patients with preexisting cardiovascular diseases.
Trends, predictors, and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve related disease: Insights from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Readmission Database
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Zahid Salman , Muhammadzai Hamza , Khalil Fouad , Kumar Arnav , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Khan Muhammad Zia , Virani Salim S. , Fischman David L. , Shah Pinak , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has increasingly been utilized in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) related aortic stenosis (AS) with insufficient large‐scale data on its safety.MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Nationwide Readmission Database (2011–2018) were queried to identify patients undergoing TAVI for BAV versus trileaflet aortic valve (TAV) associated AS. The in‐hospital, 30‐ and 180‐day odds of outcomes were assessed using a propensity‐matched analysis (PSM) to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 216,723 TAVI (TAV: 214,050 and BAV: 2,673) crude and 5,347 matched population (TAV: 2,674 and BAV: 2,673) was included in the final analysis. At index admission, the adjusted odds of in‐hospital mortality (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.67–3.66), stroke (aOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.38–1.57), cardiac tamponade (aOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.17–3.36), vascular complications (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.09–1.22), cardiogenic shock (aOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 0.93–3.38), paravalvular leak (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.26–1.14), need for mechanical circulatory support device, and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPM) (aOR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.69–1.52) were not significantly different between TAVI for BAV versus TAV. At 30‐ and 180‐day follow‐up duration, the risk of stroke and major postprocedural complications remained similar, except that TAVI in BAV had a higher incidence of PPM implantation compared with TAV. The yearly trend showed an increase in the utilization of TAVI for both TAV and BAV and a steady decline in the overall annual rate of in‐hospital complications.ConclusionTAVI utilization in patients with BAV has increased over the recent years. The relative odds of in‐hospital mortality, and all other major complications, were similar between patients undergoing TAVI for BAV‐ and TAV‐related AS.
Novel technique for transcatheter closure of sinus venosus atrial septal defect: The temporary suture‐holding technique
Authors: Hejazi Yahia , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Saloos Hesham Al , Ibrahim Haytham , Mann Gurdeep S. , Boudjemline Younes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter repair of sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) has become an alternative option to surgical repair. There are potential significant complications related to stent stability in the superior vena cava (SVC) and potential migration of the stent that need to be addressed. Therefore, the technique is still evolving.ObjectivesTo report results of a new modification “the suture technique” that improves safety profile of positioning and securing a covered stent in the SVC.MethodsThis is a descriptive, single center, retrospective review of patients who underwent SVASD closure using the suture technique at our institution between 02/2020 and 08/2022.ResultsFourteen patients underwent transcatheter repair of SVASD using the suture technique. All procedures were successful. The suture technique allowed precise stent placement in all patients without any migration or complication. Six patients required additional stent placement at the level of the SVC. One patient had an additional covered stent placed to eliminate a tiny residual shunt. Two patients had negligible residual shunts at the time of the procedure. At follow‐up, all patients clinically improved and had significant reduction in right heart size on echocardiography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. No arrhythmia was reported in any patient. None required re‐intervention after a mean follow‐up of 16.5 ± SD 10.5 months.ConclusionsThe suture technique appears to be safe modification. Although our study involves small sample size with no comparative group, we believe our technique offers greater control over stent positioning, reducing the risk of stent embolization and residual shunting in transcatheter closure of SVASD.
The dilemma of juvenile fibrous dysplasia versus chronic osteomyelitis of the posterior mandible: A case report
Authors: Zain‐Alabdeen Ebtihal , Abdelfattah Ashraf , Kordi Osama , Al‐Sadhan Ra’ed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe clinical and radiographic dilemma of fibrous dysplasia versus osteomyelitis is highlighted in this case of a 4‐year‐old girl with a bony hard swelling in mandibular body and ramus. Rather than relying on histopathological appearance alone, dental professionals should be familiar with the radiographic differences between the two conditions.
Transport, Spectroscopic, and Electrical Properties of Thermally Rearranged Nanocomposite Membranes
Authors: Patel Harsh D. , Acharya Naveen K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanocomposite membranes are a class of innovative filtering materials consisting of nanofillers embedded in a polymeric or inorganic oxide matrix that functionalizes the membrane. Thermally rearranged (TR) polymers have a good blend of selectivity and permeability. Nanocomposite membranes were tested after applying a TR process. The selectivity decreases with increasing permeability, showing a trade‐off relationship between permeability and selectivity. TR polymer nanocomposite exhibits higher gas permeability than silica‐doped and pure polymer. The selectivity for H2/N2 and H2/CO2 gas pairs exceeds the Robeson upper‐bound limit, and in the case of the H2/CH4 gas pair. The selectivity for H2/N2 , H2/CH4 and H2/CO2 gas pairs exceeds the Robeson upper‐bound limit.
Monitoring of Oxygen, pH, CO2, and Biomass in Smart Single‐Use Shake Flasks
Authors: Maschke Rüdiger W. , John Gernot T. , Eibl Dieter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractShake flasks enjoy great popularity due to their ease‐of‐use and cost‐effectiveness. Furthermore, using single‐use shake flasks provides additional advantages over reusable glass versions, since they do not need to be cleaned or pre‐sterilized. Despite their widespread use, there are, however, clear disadvantages associated with using shake flasks, which are primarily related to the lack of measurement and control capabilities. Therefore, this article discusses how optical sensors can be employed in single‐use shake flasks to measure oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, and biomass.