bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handling high-risk patients in the catheterization laboratory
Authors: Ibrahim Karim , Tongers Jörn , Mangner Norman , Werner Nikos , Tycinska Agnieszka , Leick Jürgen , Oreglia Jacopo , Schröder Jörg 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Protected percutaneous coronary intervention is considered a life-saving procedure for high-risk patients. Therefore it is important that the interventional cardiology team is prepared, the procedure is planned, and potential complications, as well as bail out strategies are considered. Throughout the procedure, it is critical to monitor the patient to identify any early signs of deterioration or changes in patient well-being to avoid any potential complications.
Short- and long-term risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after first time ablation according to body mass index: a nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: Tønnesen Jacob , Pallisgaard Jannik , Ruwald Martin H , Rasmussen Peter Vibe , Johannessen Arne , Hansen Jim , Worck Rene Husted , Zörner Christopher R , Riis-Vestergaard Lise , Middelfart Charlotte , Gislason Gunnar , Hansen Morten Lock 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsOverweight is associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the impact of overweight and AF recurrence after ablation is less clear. Despite this, an increasing number of AF ablations are carried out in overweight patients. We investigated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on AF recurrence rates after ablation.Methods and resultsThrough Danish nationwide registers, all patients undergoing first-time AF ablation between 2010 and 2018 were identified. Exposure of interest was BMI. The primary outcome was recurrent AF, defined from either any usage of antiarrhythmic medication, AF hospitalization, cardioversion, or re-ablation. A total of 9188 patients were included. Median age and interquartile range was 64 (60–75) in the normal-weight group and 60 (53–66) in the morbidly obese. There was an increase in comorbidity burden with increasing BMI, including a higher prevalence of heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and hypertension. At 1- and 5-year follow ups, recurrence rates of AF increased incrementally by BMI categories. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of recurrent AF after ablation were 1.15 (1.07–1.23), 1.18 (1.09–1.28), and 1.26 (1.13–1.41) in overweight, obese, and morbidly obese, respectively, compared with normal-weight patients. Procedure duration and X-ray dose exposure also increased with increasing BMI.ConclusionFollowing AF ablation, recurrence rates of AF increased incrementally with increasing BMI. Therefore, aggressive weight management pre ablation in overweight patients could potentially provide substantial benefits and improve short- and long-term outcomes after ablation.
Increased incidence of overweight and obesity among preschool Swedish children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fäldt Anna , Nejat Sahar , Edvinsson Sollander Sofia , Durbeej Natalie , Holmgren Anton 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had wide effects on child health globally. Increased prevalence of childhood obesity has been observed by a number of countries during the pandemic. The absence of a formal societal lockdown during the pandemic, made Sweden stand out compared to other countries. This study aims to examine changes in BMI among preschool children in Sweden before and during COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsRetrospective population-based cross-sectional study, with longitudinal follow-up for a portion of the children. The study included 25 049 children from three Swedish regions, with growth measures at 3- (n = 16 237), 4- (n = 14 437) and 5-years of age (n = 11 711). Care Need Index was used as a socioeconomic parameter at health centre level.ResultsThere was an increase in BMI in children aged three (P = 0.028) and four (P&lt;0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity in 3-year-old girls increased from 2.8% to 3.9%. Four-year-olds increased in obesity, and overweight (girls) and the prevalence of underweight decreased in boys. No change in BMI was observed in 5-year-olds. Children in areas of low socioeconomic status had higher risk of obesity.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity increased among 3- and 4-year-old children in Sweden, findings that were accentuated in children attending child health centres in areas with lower socioeconomic status. The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have affected health behaviours negatively in Swedish preschool children. Our results expose the need for extended efforts directed to prevent childhood obesity, especially targeting lower socioeconomic areas.
High density polyethylene (HDPE) biodegradation by the fungus Cladosporium halotolerans
Authors: Di Napoli Michela , Silvestri Brigida , Castagliuolo Giusy , Carpentieri Andrea , Luciani Giuseppina , Di Maro Antimo , Sorbo Sergio , Pezzella Alessandro , Zanfardino Anna , Varcamonti Mario 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is high molecular weight synthetic polymer, very hydrofobic and hardly biodegradable. To increase polyethylene bio-degradability it is very important to find microorganisms that improve the PE hydrophilic level and/or reduce the length of its polymeric chain by oxidation. In this study, we isolated Cladosporium halotolerans, a fungal species, from the gastric system of Galleria mellonella larvae. Here, we show that C. halotolerans grows in the presence of PE polymer, it is able to interact with plastic material through its hyphae and secretes enzymes involved in PE degradation.
The Blame Game: Public Outcry and Terrorism within and Exported from the Sanctioned State
Authors: Avdan Nazli , Early Bryan R , Liou Ryan Yu-Lin , Murdie Amanda , Peksen Dursun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
What effects do economic sanctions have on the volume of domestic terrorism within target states and transnational terrorism directed toward Americans by targeted nationals? In this article, we theorize that sanctions imposed by the United States increase the likelihood of domestic and transnational terrorism, but the suggested effect is conditioned by the freedom of expression in sanctioned states. When media freedom and other information freedoms are high, we posit that citizens are more likely to direct their grievances against their own government, leading to an increase in domestic terrorism as time under economic sanction increases. When freedom of expression is low, however, leaders of sanctioned states may be able to exploit sanctions to channel hostility away from the home regime via transnational terrorism exported from the sanctioned state. Results from a time-series, cross-national data analysis lend support to our argument on domestic terrorism in the sanctioned state while showing no statistical support for the hypothesis concerning transnational terrorism.
Modeling genotype × environment interaction for single and multitrait genomic prediction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Cuevas Jaime , Reslow Fredrik , Crossa Jose , Ortiz Rodomiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we extend research on genomic prediction (GP) to polysomic polyploid plant species with the main objective to investigate single-trait (ST) and multitrait (MT) multienvironment (ME) models using field trial data from 3 locations in Sweden [Helgegården (HEL), Mosslunda (MOS), Umeå (UM)] over 2 years (2020, 2021) of 253 potato cultivars and breeding clones for 5 tuber weight traits and 2 tuber flesh quality characteristics. This research investigated the GP of 4 genome-based prediction models with genotype × environment interactions (GEs): (1) ST reaction norm model (M1), (2) ST model considering covariances between environments (M2), (3) ST M2 extended to include a random vector that utilizes the environmental covariances (M3), and (4) MT model with GE (M4). Several prediction problems were analyzed for each of the GP accuracy of the 4 models. Results of the prediction of traits in HEL, the high yield potential testing site in 2021, show that the best-predicted traits were tuber flesh starch (%), weight of tuber above 60 or below 40 mm in size, and the total tuber weight. In terms of GP, accuracy model M4 gave the best prediction accuracy in 3 traits, namely tuber weight of 40–50 or above 60 mm in size, and total tuber weight, and very similar in the starch trait. For MOS in 2021, the best predictive traits were starch, weight of tubers above 60, 50–60, or below 40 mm in size, and the total tuber weight. MT model M4 was the best GP model based on its accuracy when some cultivars are observed in some traits. For the GP accuracy of traits in UM in 2021, the best predictive traits were the weight of tubers above 60, 50–60, or below 40 mm in size, and the best model was MT M4, followed by models ST M3 and M2.
Multimorbidity, 30-Day Readmissions, and Postdischarge Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Using a New ICD-Coded Multimorbidity-Weighted Index
Authors: Wei Melissa Y 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedically complex, disabled adults have high 30-day readmission rates. However, physical functioning is not routinely included in risk-adjustment models. We examined the association between multimorbidity with readmissions and mortality using a physical functioning weighted International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded multimorbidity-weighted index (MWI-ICD) representing 84 conditions.MethodsWe included Medicare beneficiaries with ≥1 hospitalization 2000–2015 who participated in a Health and Retirement Study interview before admission. We computed MWI-ICD by summing physical functioning weighted conditions from Medicare claims. We examined 30-, 90-, and 365-day postdischarge mortality using multivariable logistic regression and length of stay through zero-inflated negative binomials. Models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, education, net worth, and marital status/living arrangement.ResultsThe final sample of 10 737 participants had mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 75.9 ± 8.7 years, MWI-ICD 14.9 ± 9.0, and 20% had a 30-day readmission. Adults in the highest versus lowest quartile MWI-ICD had 92% increased odds of 30-day readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65–2.22). A 1-point increase in MWI-ICD was associated with 24% increased odds of 30-day readmission (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.18–1.31). A 1-point increase in MWI-ICD was associated with 32% increased odds of death within 365-day postdischarge (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.25–1.40). Readmitted participants with the highest versus lowest quartile MWI-ICD had 37% increased number of expected hospitalized days (incidence rate ratio = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17–1.59).ConclusionAmong Medicare beneficiaries, multimorbidity using MWI-ICD is associated with an increased risk of readmissions, mortality, and longer length of stay. MWI-ICD appears to be a valid measure of multimorbidity that embeds physical functioning and presents an opportunity to incorporate functional status into claims-based risk-adjustment models.
Who Has Active Lifestyles? Sociodemographic and Personality Correlates of Activity Diversity in Two Samples of Adults
Authors: Lee Soomi , Ng Yee To , Charles Susan T , Almeida David M , Fingerman Karen L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesActivity diversity—an index of active lifestyles that captures variety (number) and evenness (consistency) in activity engagement—is known to support health in adulthood. However, less is known who has higher or lower activity diversity, information that helps identify individuals who may be at greater risk for poor health. This article examined sociodemographic characteristics and Big Five personality traits that may be associated with activity diversity.MethodsWe used 2 independent project samples (nsample1 = 2,699; nsample2 = 301). Sample 1 included U.S. national adults in a wide age range (25–84). Sample 2 included U.S. community-dwelling older adults (age = 65–89). Each study asked about different types of activity engagement using surveys. The activity diversity index was calculated in each sample, using Shannon’s entropy method.ResultsIn Sample 1, older adults, women, non-Hispanic White individuals, married/partnered individuals, and those with higher education and fewer functional limitations had higher activity diversity. Additionally, higher conscientiousness, higher extraversion, and lower neuroticism were each associated with higher activity diversity after controlling for sociodemographic factors. Extraversion and neuroticism remained significant in the younger group (age &lt; 65) of Sample 1, but only extraversion was a significant factor associated with activity diversity in the older group (age ≥ 65). The results in the older group were generally replicated in Sample 2, such that higher extraversion in older adults was consistently associated with higher activity diversity independent of the strong correlates of sex, education, and functional limitations.DiscussionFindings were discussed in terms of age-specific associations between sociodemographic and personality characteristics and activity diversity.
The Quinone-Derived Small Molecule M5N32 Is an Effective Anti–Helicobacter pyloriAgent Both In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Yu Yanbo , Tao Yucen , Zhao Mingzhong , Zhang Lu , Xue Junyuan , Zhao Yican , Zhan Peng , Sun Yundong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori has become increasingly resistant to all commonly used clinical antibiotics. Therefore, new anti–H. pylori drugs need to be identified. Recently, quinones were found to inhibit growth of H. pylori with quinone-derived small-molecule compounds identified as having antitumor effects.MethodsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds against H. pylori were measured by agar plate dilution method. The inhibition of biofilm formation by the compounds was assessed by SYTO9-PI double staining. The reactive oxygen species induced by the compounds were detected by DCFH-DA stain. The clearance effects of the compounds for H. pylori in mouse were evaluated by counting colony-forming units and hematoxylin and eosin staining.ResultsOur results revealed strong inhibition of M5N32 in vitro against H. pylori in both the planktonic and biofilm-forming states. Resistance to M5N32 was not developed in successive generations of the bacteria. In vivo, the combination of M5N32 and omeprazole showed enhanced effects in comparison to the standard triple therapy. M5N32 was nontoxic to normal tissues.ConclusionsM5N32 is effective in the treatment of H. pylori infections, providing potential development of anti–H. pylori medicines in the treatment of H. pylori infections.
Evaluation of a Molecular Mosprie Assay for Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin
Authors: Zhou Jiarui , Shen Yalin , Song Xiaona , Zhou Linfu , Tang Hong , Li Hong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the molecular-based Mosprie assay for detecting H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin using gastric biopsies.

Methods
A total of 185 culture-positive frozen gastric biopsies were included for Mosprie assay and also for 23S rRNA and gyrA gene sequencing. The susceptibility results by the Mosprie assay were compared with the E-test results retrospectively retrieved. The discordant results were analyzed by sequencing of the 23S rRNA and gyrA genes.

Results
Susceptibility concordance between the Mosprie assay and E-test for clarithromycin and levofloxacin was 97.30% (180/185) and 88.11% (163/185), respectively. The full agreement between clarithromycin genotypes by Mosprie assay and the 23S rRNA sequencing results was observed in the 5 samples with discordant Mosprie assay and E-test results. However, for levofloxacin, of the 16 discordant samples with resistant phenotype but a susceptible genotype by Mosprie assay, 6 were found to have levofloxacin resistance-related gyrA gene mutations.

Conclusions
The rapid and reliable Mosprie assay can be recommended for H. pylori susceptibility testing of clarithromycin and levofloxacin on gastric biopsies. Future technical improvements are needed in detecting levofloxacin resistance-associated gene mutations.
Natural history collections as a resource for conservation genomics: Understanding the past to preserve the future
Authors: Benham Phred M , Bowie Rauri C K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To avoid the worst outcomes of the current biodiversity crisis we need a deep understanding of population responses to human-induced ecological change. Rapidly expanding access to genomic resources for nonmodel taxa promises to play a unique role in meeting this goal. In particular, the increasing feasibility of sequencing DNA from historical specimens enables direct measures of population responses to the past century of anthropogenic change that will inform management strategies and refine projections of species responses to future environmental change. In this review, we discuss the methods that can be used to generate genome-scale data from the hundreds of millions of specimens housed in natural history collections around the world. We then highlight recent studies that utilize genomic data from specimens to address questions of fundamental importance to biodiversity conservation. Finally, we emphasize how traditional motivations of museum collectors, such as studies of geographic variation and community-wide inventories, provide unique opportunities for broad scale comparisons of genomic responses to anthropogenic change across time. We conclude that as sequencing technologies become increasingly accessible and more researchers take advantage of this resource, the importance of collections to the conservation of biodiversity will continue to grow.
Role of cyclooxygenase pathways in bowel fibrotic remodelling in a murine model of experimental colitis
Authors: Colucci Rocchina , Fornai Matteo , Antonioli Luca , Segnani Cristina , Ippolito Chiara , Pellegrini Carolina , Nericcio Anna , Zizzo Maria Grazia , Serio Rosa , Blandizzi Corrado , Bernardini Nunzia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Gut fibrosis occurs under chronic inflammation. This study examined the effects of different cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors on fibrosis in the inflamed colon.

Methods
Colitis was induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) in albino male Sprague–Dawley rats. After 6, 12 and 18 days, macroscopic and microscopic damage, collagen and elastic fibre content were examined. At day 6, pro-fibrotic factors (collagen I and III, hydroxyproline, fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling [TGF-β, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), phosphorylated small mother against decapentaplegic (pSMAD)-2 and -6] and peristalsis were assessed, and the effects of indomethacin, SC-560 or celecoxib were tested.

Key findings
Six days after DNBS administration, significant histopathological signs of fibrotic remodelling were observed in rats. At day 6, pro-fibrotic factors were up-regulated and colonic peristalsis was altered. COX inhibitors reversed the histochemical, molecular and functional changes in the fibrotic colon. COX inhibition reduced TGF-β expression, SMAD2 phosphorylation and RhoA, and increased SMAD6 expression.

Conclusions
Colonic fibrosis is associated with altered bowel motility and induction of profibrotic factors driven by TGF-β signalling. COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition counteracts this fibrotic remodelling by the modulation of TGF-β/SMAD signalling, mainly via SMAD6 induction and reduction in SMAD2 phosphorylation.
The effect of saturated thermal conduction on clouds in a hot plasma
Authors: Sander Bastian , Hensler Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We numerically investigate the internal evolution of multiphase clouds, which are at rest with respect to an ambient, highly ionized medium (HIM) representing the hot component of the circumgalactic medium. Time-dependent saturated thermal conduction and its implications like condensation rates and mixing efficiency are assessed in multiphase clouds. Our simulations are carried out by using the adaptive mesh refinement code Flash. . The model clouds are initially in both hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium and are in pressure balance with the HIM. Thus, they have steep gradients in both temperature and density at the interface to HIM leading to non-negligible thermal conduction. Several physical processes are considered numerically or semi-analytically: thermal conduction, radiative cooling and external heating of gas, self-gravity, mass diffusion, and dissociation of molecules and ionization of atoms. It turns out that saturated thermal conduction triggers a continuous condensation irrespective of cloud mass. Dynamical interactions with ambient HIM all relate to the radial density gradient in the clouds: (1) mass flux due to condensation is the higher the more homogeneous the clouds are; (2) mixing of condensed gas with cloud gas is easier in low-mass clouds, because of their shallower radial density gradient; and thus (3) accreted gas is distributed more efficiently. A distinct and sub-structured transition zone forms at the interface between cloud and HIM, which starts at smaller radii and is much narrower as deduced from analytical theory.
Spiral arms and the angular momentum gap in Milky Way Cepheids
Authors: Semczuk Marcin , Dehnen Walter , Schönrich Ralph , Athanassoula E 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The angular momentum distribution of classical Cepheids in the outer Milky Way disc is bimodal with a gap at $L_\mathrm{gap}=2950\, \rm{km\,s^{-1}}$ kpc, corresponding to $R=13\,$ kpc, while no similar feature has been found in the general population of disc stars. We show that star formation in multiple spiral arm segments at the same azimuth leads to such multimodality that quickly dissolves and only shows in young stars. Unlike other explanations, such as a 1:1 orbital resonance with the Galactic bar, this also accounts for the observed steepening of the stellar warp at Lgap, since the adjacent spiral arms represent different parts of the warped gas disc, and for the predominance of the gap at negative Galactic longitude (ℓ &lt; 0°), since for complex spiral structure this mechanism is limited in azimuth. In this scenario, the gap is clearly present only in young stars, as observed, while most purely stellar dynamical origins would affect all disc populations, including older disc stars.
Compositional turbulence and layering in the gaseous envelopes of forming planets
Authors: Menou Kristen , Zhang Hong Tao 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Differential settling and growth of dust grains impact the structure of the radiative envelopes of gaseous planets during formation. Sufficiently rapid dust growth can result in envelopes with substantially reduced opacities for radiation transport, thereby facilitating planet formation. We revisit the problem and establish that dust settling and grain growth also lead to outer planetary envelopes that are prone to compositional instabilities, by virtue of their inverted mean-molecular weight gradients. Under a variety of conditions, we find that the radiative envelopes of forming planets experience compositional turbulence driven by a semi-transparent version of the thermohaline instability (’fingering convection’). The standard double-diffusive thermohaline theory does not apply here and is replaced by a simplified first-principle treatment for the semitransparent regime of interest. The compositional turbulence seems efficient at mixing dust in the radiative envelopes of planets forming at super-au distances (say 5 au) from a Sun-like star, but not so at sub-au distances (say 0.2 au). We also address the possibility of compositional layering in this context. Distinct turbulent regimes for planetary envelopes growing at sub-au versus super-au distances could leave an imprint on the final planets formed.