bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manifold Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Bayesian Inference in Diffusion Models
Authors: Graham Matthew M. , Thiery Alexandre H. , Beskos Alexandros 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBayesian inference for nonlinear diffusions, observed at discrete times, is a challenging task that has prompted the development of a number of algorithms, mainly within the computational statistics community. We propose a new direction, and accompanying methodology—borrowing ideas from statistical physics and computational chemistry—for inferring the posterior distribution of latent diffusion paths and model parameters, given observations of the process. Joint configurations of the underlying process noise and of parameters, mapping onto diffusion paths consistent with observations, form an implicitly defined manifold. Then, by making use of a constrained Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm on the embedded manifold, we are able to perform computationally efficient inference for a class of discretely observed diffusion models. Critically, in contrast with other approaches proposed in the literature, our methodology is highly automated, requiring minimal user intervention and applying alike in a range of settings, including: elliptic or hypo-elliptic systems; observations with or without noise; linear or non-linear observation operators. Exploiting Markovianity, we propose a variant of the method with complexity that scales linearly in the resolution of path discretisation and the number of observation times. Python code reproducing the results is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5796148.
Backcasting world trade growth using data reduction methods
Authors: Charles Amélie , Darné Olivier 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper compares backcasting performance of models based on variable selection to dynamic factor model for backcasting the world trade growth rate with two months ahead. The variable selection models are specified by applying penalised regressions and an automatic general‐to‐specific procedure, using a large data set. A recursive forecast study is carried out to assess the backcasting performance by distinguishing crisis and non‐crisis periods. The results show that, some selection‐based models exhibit a good backcasting performance during both periods. The more accurate backcasts seem to be SCAD, adaptive Elastic‐Net and adaptive SCAD during the global financial crisis (GFC) and COVID‐19 crisis, whereas it seems rather Lasso, Elastic‐Net, adaptive Lasso and DFM during the non‐crisis period. Amongst the predictors for backcasting world trade growth, it appears that the index of global economic conditions proposed by Baumeister et al. (The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2020), the PMI indicator on new export orders in manufacturing sector and the MSCI world index are relevant.
Comprehensive clinical, radiological, pathological and biochemical analysis required to differentiate VV1 sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from suspected variant CJD
Authors: Holper Sarah , Lewis Victoria , Wesselingh Robb , Gaillard Frank , Collins Steven J , Butzkueven Helmut 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundA diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), the zoonotic prion disease related to transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, can carry enormous public health ramifications. Until recently, all vCJD clinical cases were confined to patients displaying methionine homozygosity (MM) at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP). The recent diagnosis of vCJD in a patient heterozygous (MV) at codon 129 reignited concerns regarding a second wave of vCJD cases, with the possibility of phenotypic divergence from MM vCJD and greater overlap with sporadic CJD (sCJD) molecular subtypes.Method and resultsWe present a case of CJD with clinico-epidemiological and radiological characteristics creating initial concerns for vCJD. Thorough case evaluation, including data provided by genetic testing, autopsy and neuropathological histological analyses, provided a definitive diagnosis of the rare VV1 molecular subtype of sCJD.ConclusionDistinguishing vCJD from sCJD is of vital public health importance and potentially more problematic with the development of non-MM vCJD cases. The patient described herein demonstrates that in addition to the clinico-epidemiological profile, combined supplementary pathological, biochemical and critical radiological analysis may be necessary for confident discrimination of sCJD, especially rare sub-types, from vCJD.
Prospects of CKM elements $$|V_{cs}|$$ and decay constant $$f_{D_{s}^+}$$ in $$D_s^+\rightarrow \mu ^+\nu _\mu $$ decay at STCF
Authors: Liu Jia-Jun , Shi Xiao-Dong , Li Hui-Jing , Zhou Xiao-Rong , Zheng Bo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report a feasibility study of pure leptonic decay $$D_s^+\rightarrow \mu ^+\nu _\mu $$

D
s
+

→

μ
+

ν
μ

by using a fast simulation software package at STCF. With an expected luminosity of $$1~\mathrm {ab}^{-1}$$

1

ab

-
1

collected at STCF at a center-of-mass energy of 4.009 GeV, the statistical sensitivity of the branching fraction is determined to be 0.3%. Combining this result with the $$c \rightarrow s$$

c
→
s

quark mixing matrix element $$|V_{cs}|$$

|

V

cs

|

determined from the current global Standard Model fit, the statistical sensitivity of $$D_s^+$$

D
s
+

decay constant, $$f_{D_s^+}$$

f

D
s
+

, is estimated to be 0.2%. Alternatively, combining the current results of $$f_{D_s^+}$$

f

D
s
+

calculated by lattice QCD, the statistical sensitivity of $$|V_{cs}|$$

|

V

cs

|

is determined to be 0.2%, which helps probe possible new physics beyond Standard Model. The unprecedented precision to be achieved at STCF will provide a precise calibration of QCD and rigorous test of Standard Model.
Rock-salt-type lithium–titanium oxynitride as anode material for Li-Ion secondary batteries
Authors: Mizuta Yusuke , Shizukawa Kohei , Takahara Rie , Murai Kei-Ichiro , Moriga Toshihiro 
Published: April 2022

We synthesized rock-salt-type Li–Ti oxynitride (LiTi[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2) using solid-phase reaction. The best charge/discharge characteristics were obtained with a Ti/Li ratio of 1.25, and the maximum discharge capacity was 140 mAh/g.
Production of H2S gas sensor by a facile fabrication of Au-decorated ZnO
Authors: Rodiawan  , Wang Sheng-Chang 
Published: April 2022

H2S is a gas that can cause poisoning with a composition starting from 2.5 ppm. This study investigated the ability of gas sensors to detect H2S gas at below 1 ppm. The primary material used for the gas sensor was ZnO. To increase sensor response, Au was used as a decorated metal. These materials were dissolved using deionized water with ultrasonication and were deposited by solution deposition method onto the Pt electrode. Powder and film characterizations were made using XRD, SEM, and TEM. The characterization results show high crystallinity of the annealed ZnO. The coating material shows a highly porous interconnected structure that can absorb gas quickly. There are Au spots attached to the ZnO particles, which are spherical and homogeneous. Based on these results, the device sensor can detect H2S gas with a high sensing response even at low gas concentration.
Investigation of the growth of Na+-Doped ZnO nanorods using hydrothermal method and their photoluminescence properties
Authors: Hsu Wei-Ling , Chang Yi-Jheng , Li Jia-En , Yang Cheng-Fu 
Published: April 2022

In this study, the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize Na[Formula: see text]-doped ZnO nanowires with different concentrations of Na[Formula: see text] ions under different synthesis temperatures. First, ZnO films with a thickness of about 300 nm were deposited on glass substrates as a seed layer, and C6H[Formula: see text]N4, Na(NO[Formula: see text]H2O, and Zn(NO[Formula: see text]H2O were used as source materials to grow the Na[Formula: see text]-doped ZnO nanowires using different Na[Formula: see text] concentrations and under different synthesis temperatures. After the Na[Formula: see text]-doped ZnO nanowires were synthesized, their XRD patterns were obtained to analyze their crystal phases. FESEM observations were used to observe the synthesized morphologies, and a fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to show the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) emission properties of the Na[Formula: see text]-doped ZnO nanowires. We showed that Na[Formula: see text] precursor concentrations and synthesis temperatures had considerable effects on the crystal phase, surface morphologies, and PL emission and PLE properties of the Na[Formula: see text]-doped ZnO nanowires.
The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Race/Ethnicity in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Survival: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Based Analysis
Authors: Domingues Allison M. , Moertel Christopher L. , Marcotte Erin L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Recent investigations of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) survival have reported higher mortality among non-White individuals. However, previous analyses have not examined the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on these observations. This study aims to characterize factors associated with cause-specific MPNST survival, including information related to census-tract-level SES (CT-SES).

Methods:
We identified 2,432 primary MPNSTs using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 (2000–2016) database. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate the effects of sex, race/ethnicity, CT-SES quintile, metastasis at diagnosis, tumor site, age at diagnosis, and treatment by surgery on survival. Models were fit in both the full population and, separately, stratified by race/ethnicity and age at diagnosis (&lt;40 vs. ≥40).

Results:
In adjusted models, age at diagnosis, CT-SES, and metastasis at diagnosis were associated with mortality. In race/ethnicity-stratified analysis, higher CT-SES was found to improve survival only in the White population. Among those diagnosed before age 40, metastasis at diagnosis and American Indian/Alaska Native race/ethnicity were associated with mortality, and both Hispanic ethnicity and Asian/Pacific Islander race were suggestive for increased mortality. Among cases, diagnoses at age 40 and above, age at diagnosis, male sex, and CT-SES were associated with mortality.

Conclusions:
This analysis provides evidence that among pediatric and young adult patients, non-White populations experience inferior survival compared with Whites, independent of CT-SES. Our findings also suggest that the effect of CT-SES on MPNST survival may differ by racial/ethnic group.

Impact:
These findings suggest that barriers to healthcare for certain racial/ethnic groups extend beyond SES.
A Review of Ethical and Legal Aspects of Gender-Neutral Human Papillomavirus Vaccination
Authors: Logel Margaret , Laurie Cassandra , El-Zein Mariam , Guichon Juliet , Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While launching a campaign to eliminate cervical cancer, the World Health Organization called to halt human papillomavirus (HPV) gender-neutral vaccination (GNV) because of limited vaccine supply, raising ethical and legal questions about female-only vaccination versus GNV. We identified ethical and legal aspects of HPV GNV by searching MEDLINE for records up to February 19, 2021. We also provided an overview of HPV vaccines, the evolution of HPV vaccine recommendations in North America, and a timeline of male HPV vaccination introduction by searching PubMed, Google, and government websites. Four HPV vaccines are available: Cervarix, Gardasil, Gardasil9, and Cecolin. Vaccine recommendations in North America evolved from female only to eventually include males. Following the FDA's approval of the first HPV vaccine for males (2009), 35 countries began vaccinating males (2011–2020). On the basis of 59 eligible records out of 652, we identified the following constructs: lower male awareness of HPV and vaccination (n = 13), limited economic resources (n = 5), shared social responsibility (n = 18), unprotected groups from female-only HPV vaccination (n = 10), limited screening for HPV-associated noncervical cancers (n = 6), consideration of ethical principles (n = 17), and HPV vaccine mandates (n = 5). Ethical and legal aspects must be considered when recommending vaccination for females only or GNV.
Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction With Coronary Artery Revascularization and Subsequent Risk for Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Velagaleti Raghava S. , Vetter Joy , Parker Rachel , Kurgansky Katherine E. , Sun Yan V. , Djousse Luc , Gaziano J. Michael , Gagnon David , Joseph Jacob 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Coronary revascularization is recommended to treat ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, the relations of revascularization-associated ejection fraction (EF) change to subsequent outcomes have not been elucidated.

Methods:
In 10 071 veterans (mean age 67 years; 1% women; 15% non-White) who underwent a first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2010, and had prerevascularization and postrevascularization EF measured, we calculated delta-EF (postprocedure EF–preprocedure EF). We related delta-EF as a continuous measure and as categories (≤−5, −5<delta-EF<0, delta-EF=0, 0<delta-EF<5, and delta-EF≥5) to death (using Cox regression) and heart failure hospitalization days (using negative binomial regression) in multivariable-adjusted models, for total sample, and PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting strata.

Results:
Over follow-up (mean/maximum 5/14 years) 56% died. Each 5% improvement in delta-EF was associated with statistically significant reductions in death and heart failure hospitalization days of 5% (95% CI, 3%–7%) and 10% (95% CI, 5%–15%), respectively, in the total sample and 6% (95% CI, 4%–8%) and 10% (95% CI, 5%–16%), respectively, in the PCI subgroup. Patients in the highest delta-EF category had 27% (95% CI, 19%–34%) lower mortality (30% [95% CI, 21%–37%] lower in PCI stratum) and ≈40% lower heart failure hospitalization days in total sample and PCI stratum, compared with those in the lowest category. Relations of delta-EF and outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting subgroup did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:
Revascularization-associated EF improvement was associated with significant reductions in mortality and heart failure hospitalization burden, particularly in the PCI subgroup.
Impact of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel on Coronary Microvascular Function After Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Xu James , Lo Sidney , Mussap Christian J. , French John K. , Rajaratnam Rohan , Kadappu Krishna , Premawardhana Upul , Nguyen Phong , Juergens Craig P. , Leung Dominic Y. 
Published: April 2022

Background:

Coronary microvascular dysfunction after acute coronary syndrome is an important predictor of long-term prognosis. Data is lacking on the effects of oral P2Y
12
-inhibitors on coronary microvascular function in non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel pretreatment on coronary microvascular function in non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome patients.

Methods:
Hospitalized non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome patients were randomized (1:1) to ticagrelor or clopidogrel. The index of microcirculatory resistance, coronary flow reserve, and resistive reserve ratio were obtained using an intracoronary pressure-temperature sensor-tipped wire.

Results:

In total, 128 patients were randomized between March 2018 and July 2020. Mean age 59.2±11.8 years, 84% were male, mean Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score was 93.7±24.5. Intracoronary physiological measurements were obtained in 118 patients (60 ticagrelor, 58 clopidogrel). In the infarct-related artery, the ticagrelor group had lower baseline index of microcirculatory resistance (22.0 [13.0–34.9] versus 27.7 [19.3–29.8];
P
=0.02) and higher baseline resistive reserve ratio (3.0 [2.3–4.4] versus 2.4 [1.7–3.4];
P
=0.01) compared with the clopidogrel group. A total of 88 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; 45 ticagrelor, 43 clopidogrel). The ticagrelor group had lower post-PCI index of microcirculatory resistance (22.0 [15.0–29.0] versus 27.0 [18.5–47.5];
P
=0.02) and higher post-PCI resistive reserve ratio (3.0 [1.8–3.8] versus 1.8 [1.5–3.4];
P
=0.006) compared with the clopidogrel group. The coronary flow reserve was not significantly different between the 2 groups at baseline or post-PCI. No between-group differences were seen in any of the indices in the non-infarct-related artery.

Conclusions:
In non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome patients, ticagrelor significantly improved coronary microvascular function before and after PCI compared with clopidogrel.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.anzctr.org.au
; Unique identifier: ACTRN12618001610224.
Drug-Coated Balloon for Small Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With and Without High-Bleeding Risk in the BASKET-SMALL 2 Trial
Authors: Scheller Bruno , Rissanen Tuomas T. , Farah Ahmed , Ohlow Marc-Alexander , Mangner Norman , Wöhrle Jochen , Möbius-Winkler Sven , Weilenmann Daniel , Leibundgut Gregor , Cuculi Florim , Gilgen Nicole , Coslovsky Michael , Mahfoud Felix , Jeger Raban V. ,   for the BASKET-SMALL 2 Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background:
Patients at high-bleeding risk (HBR) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention represent a challenging patient population. The use of drug-coated balloon (DCB) allows shorter duration of dual antiplatelet therapy compared with drug-eluting stents (DES) and reduces thrombotic risk due to the absence of a permanent implant. The present analysis aimed to investigate if the effect of DCB versus DES differed between patients with and without HBR treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in small coronary arteries.

Methods:
This prespecified subgroup analysis of a multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial included 758 patients with de novo lesions in coronary vessels <3 mm and an indication for percutaneous coronary intervention, randomized to DCB (n=382) or second-generation DES (n=376). Patients were followed over 3 years for major adverse cardiac events.

Results:

Of the 758 patients randomized, 155 (20%) had HBR; these patients had higher mortality at 3 years (hazard ratio [95% CI], 3.09 [1.78–5.36];
P
<0.001). Rates of major bleeding events were overall low but tended to be lower after DCB versus DES (1.6% versus 3.7%;
P
=0.064), were similar in patients with HBR (4.5% versus 3.4%) but less frequent in DCB-versus DES-treated patients without HBR (0.9% versus 3.8%). There was no difference in major adverse cardiac events between DCB and DES regardless of bleeding risk (HBR, hazard ratio: 1.16 [0.51–2.62];
P
=0.719 versus non-HBR, 0.96 [0.62–1.49];
P
=0.863).

Conclusions:
DCBs were similarly safe and effective as current-generation DES in the treatment of coronary arteries <3 mm, regardless of bleeding risk. In patients treated with DCB, there was a trend towards a reduction of severe bleeding events at 3 years.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01574534.
The E3 Ligase TRIM16 Is a Key Suppressor of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Li Wei , Deng Ke-Qiong , Tian Song , Liu Hui , Shi Hongjie , Fang Qian , Liu Zhen , Chen Ze , Tian Tian , Gan Shanyu , Hu Fengjiao , Hu Manli , Cheng Xu , Ji Yan-Xiao , Zhang Peng , She Zhi-Gang , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Chen Shaoze , Cai Jingjing , Li Hongliang 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the leading causes of heart failure with highly complicated pathogeneses. The E3 ligase TRIM16 (tripartite motif–containing protein 16) has been recognized as a pivotal regulator to control cell survival, immune response, and oxidativestress. However, the role of Trim16 in cardiac hypertrophy is unknown.

Methods:
We generated cardiac-specific knockout mice and adeno-associated virus serotype 9–Trim16 mice to evaluate the function of Trim16 in pathological myocardial hypertrophy. The direct effect of TRIM16 on cardiomyocyte enlargement was examined using an adenovirus system. Furthermore, we combined RNA-sequencing and interactome analysis that was followed by multiple molecular biological methodologies to identify the direct target and corresponding molecular events contributing to TRIM16 function.

Results:
We found an intimate correlation of Trim16 expression with hypertrophy-related heart failure in both human and mouse. Our functional investigations and unbiased transcriptomic analyses clearly demonstrated that Trim16 deficiency markedly exacerbated cardiomyocyte enlargement in vitro and in transverse aortic constriction–induced cardiac hypertrophy mouse model, whereas Trim16 overexpression attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Mechanistically, Prdx1 (peroxiredoxin 1) is an essential target of Trim16 in cardiac hypertrophy. We found that Trim16 interacts with Prdx1 and inhibits its phosphorylation, leading to a robust enhancement of its downstream Nrf2 (nuclear factor–erythroid 2–related factor 2) pathway to block cardiac hypertrophy. Trim16-blocked Prdx1 phosphorylation was largely dependent on a direct interaction between Trim16 and Src and the resultant Src ubiquitinational degradation. Notably, Prdx1 knockdown largely abolished the anti-hypertrophic effects of Trim16 overexpression.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide the first evidence supporting Trim16 as a novel suppressor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and indicate that targeting the Trim16-Prdx1 axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for hypertrophy-related heart failure.
Contrast‐Associated Acute Kidney Injury After Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Jhou Hong‐Jie , Chen Po‐Huang , Yang Li‐Yu , Lee Cho‐Hao 
Published: April 2022

Background
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of contrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI) and renal replacement therapy (RRT) after endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science were searched to identify all relevant studies regarding the incidence of CA‐AKI and RRT in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving EVT until July 2021. To pool the incidence of CA‐AKI and RRT, a random‐effects model with a double arcsine transformation was used. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship of individual study‐level covariates with CA‐AKI and RRT.

Results

It was found that 15 studies involving 27 246 patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving EVT met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of CA‐AKI was 5.0% (95% CI, 2.1%–8.9%), and the incidence of RRT was 0.2% (95% CI, 0.0%–0.4%). Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of CA‐AKI was higher when using the European Society of Urogenital Radiology's criteria (6.6%, 95% CI, 3.8%–10.1%) than when using the Kidney Disease: The Improving Global Outcomes criteria (3.0%, 95% CI, 1.0%–6.1%). Meta‐regression analysis confirmed that the presence of diabetes was associated with increased rates of CA‐AKI (
P
=0.002); however, the rates of CA‐AKI were not elevated because of impaired baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (
P
=0.518), chronic kidney disease (
P
=0.860), or the volume of contrast (
P
=0.536).

Conclusions
The risk of CA‐AKI and RRT secondary to EVT is low for patients with acute ischemic stroke; therefore, treatment should not be delayed for the patients eligible for EVT by waiting for the results of renal function analysis.