bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Episodic Exposure to High-pH Water on Survival of Atlantic Salmon Eggs and Juveniles: Results from Laboratory and Field Studies
Authors: Foldvik Anders , Holthe Espen , Bremset Gunnbjørn , Solem Øyvind 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although effects of acidification on salmonid fish are well studied and documented, effects of episodic high pH have rarely received attention. In the present study, we investigated effects of high-pH events on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using both field and laboratory data. Effects of an episodic high-pH event on juvenile densities in a Norwegian river were studied using data from several electrofishing surveys conducted both before and after the event. Effects of high pH on survival of eggs were studied by exposing eggs to a range of high-pH treatments for different durations. Juvenile densities from the field study showed that the high-pH event had little or no effect on the cohort that had been exposed to pH 9.7–10.3 during the egg stage. This finding was in accordance with the laboratory experiment that showed no excess mortality on eggs until pH was &gt;12. The high-pH event occurred in March during low winter flows, and densities of older juveniles in May were significantly lower in the affected area compared to controls upstream. In June and September the difference was not significant, but there was a clear spatial trend indicating that the event had a negative effect on densities of older juvenile salmon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:771–780. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Importance of semantic interoperability in smart agriculture systems
Authors: Khatoon P Salma , Ahmed Muqeem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) connects people with real‐world objects to exchange data. It is performed using services and devices present in the user's activities based on the IoT. Based on a common vocabulary or mappings, knowledge and information can be exchanged by different agents, services, and devices in this scenario. The heterogeneous sources can be represented and integrated by an ontology. The Semantic Web offers semantic interoperability that facilitates communication between heterogeneous devices and technology platforms. The state‐of‐the‐art of IoT semantic interoperability is assessed and reviewed in this work. The importance and challenges of interoperability are discussed in detail with an in‐depth analysis of the requirements. IoT based semantic interoperability model is discussed with semantic annotations of data required for heterogeneous IoT devices. Additionally, it has been presented which Semantic Web technologies are incorporated, and the challenges have been studied in this research area. Agriculture is a domain where IoT applications have a lot of potentials. The market is filled with several devices that collect data from the farms and send it to the cloud. Semantic Web technology for applications in agriculture has been discussed in detail with data integration. Semantic resources for agriculture have been enlisted with linked data hubs and semantic data standards. The article aims to address the need and requirement of IoT with semantic interoperability in the field of agriculture. The use of IoT interoperability in agriculture can bring long term benefits to the farmers and increase productivity while reducing the overall costs incurred.
Effect of air fryer frying temperature on the quality attributes of sturgeon steak and comparison of its performance with traditional deep fat frying
Authors: Liu Li , Huang Pan , Xie Wei , Wang Jinlin , Li Yujin , Wang Haiyan , Xu He , Bai Fan , Zhou Xiaodong , Gao Ruichang , Zhao Yuanhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, the influence of air‐frying temperature on the physical properties of sturgeon steaks was explored. Meanwhile, the comparison of traditional deep fat frying (TF) and air fryer frying (AFF) methods on the quality, flavor, and digestibility of sturgeon steaks were investigated. The results indicated that along with the increase of temperature (130, 160, and 190℃) for 15 min, the moisture content of AFF sturgeon steak surface decreased dramatically while that of interior was well preserved. The applied texture property analysis exhibited that AFF sturgeon steak showed the enhanced elasticity, low hardness, and soft texture. The results indicated that AFF sturgeon steak contained higher essential amino acid content than TF sturgeon steak. More flavor compounds (aldehydes, alcohols, and esters) were produced after AFF than TF. Although the digestibility of fried sturgeon steaks decreased after frying, AFF sturgeon steaks were digested rapidly in the stomach and intestine. Conclusively, AFF sturgeon steaks exhibited a crispy texture, appealing flavor, and low oil content. This work provides a certain reference for the suitable frying methods in the processing industry of sturgeon products.
Knapping quality of local versus exotic Upper Mercer chert (Ohio, USA) during the Holocene
Authors: Lewis Angela R. , Williams Jeremy C. , Buchanan Briggs , Walker Robert S. , Eren Metin I. , Bebber Michelle R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractStone that fractured conchoidally was an important resource for prehistoric hunter‐gatherers. In recent years, archaeologists have come to realize that rather than defining stone “quality” simply and implicitly as “high” or “low,” a stone's quality can be best defined in several different explicit and often quantitative ways involving production, function, or social benefits. Here, we examine the stone quality—defined as “fracture predictability”—of Upper Mercer chert when it is locally versus nonlocally acquired by prehistoric people in Ohio, USA. By quantitatively assessing silicon dioxide (SiO2) content and loss on ignition, we compared stone tools from a site at the Upper Mercer outcrop (n = 42) to those found at archaeological sites over 100 km north of it (n = 126). Our results showed that the former on average were of significantly higher quality than the latter. We conclude with a consideration of factors that could cause this difference in quality, suggesting that the lower quality of Upper Mercer chert in northern Ohio might be explained by northern people's decreased familiarity with it during the Archaic period and by their decreased access to it during the Woodland and Late Precontact periods.
Causes of changes in actual evapotranspiration and terrestrial water storage over the Eurasian inland basins
Authors: Liu Zhaofei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe climate of the Eurasian inland basins (EIB) is characterized by limited precipitation and high potential evapotranspiration, making water storage in the EIB vulnerable to global warming and human activities. There is increasing evidence regarding varying trends in water storage across different regions; however, a consistent conclusion on the main attributes of these trends is lacking. Based on the hydrological budget in a closed inland basin, the main attributes of changes in actual evapotranspiration (AET) and terrestrial water storage (TWS) were identified for the EIBs and each closed basin. In the EIB and most of its closed basins (13/16), the TWS and AET showed significantly decreasing and non‐significant increasing trends, respectively. The primary cause underlying the significantly decreasing TWS in the EIB was the increase in AET. Approximately 70% of the increase in AET was attributed to increased irrigation diversions from groundwater and glacial melt runoff. At the basin scale, similar to the EIB, changes in AET were the predominant factor driving changes in TWS in most basins, with the exception of the Balkhash Lake basin (BLB), Iran inland river basin (IIRB), Qaidam basin (QB) and Turgay River basin (TuRB). In these basins, changes in precipitation largely contributed to the TWS changes. The AET consumption of other water resources was the main factor contributing to AET changes in seven of the 16 basins, including the Aral Sea, Caspian Sea, Junggar, Monglia Plateau, Qiangtang Plateau and Tarim River basins. The increase in precipitation contributed more than 60% of the increasing AET in four of the 16 basins, particularly in the Helmand River basin and QB (>90%). Changes in precipitation and consumption by other water supply sources contributed to approximately half of the AET changes in the other five basins, including the Inner Mongolia Plateau basin, Issyk‐Kul Sarysu basin, BLB, IIRB and TuRB.
Agricultural exposure and risk of soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma in the AGRIculture and CANcer (AGRICAN) cohort
Authors: Renier Marine , Busson Amandine , Boulanger Mathilde , Piel Clément , Pons Romain , Tual Séverine , Amadéo Brice , Meryet‐Figuiere Matthieu , Marcotullio Elisabeth , Clin Bénédicte , Baldi Isabelle , Lebailly Pierre ,   The AGRICAN Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractSarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors whose incidence is nearly 5 per 100 000 inhabitants in Europe. Their causes are poorly understood, although occupational exposures (especially farming and pesticides) are suspected. The AGRICAN cohort is a prospective study of 181 842 individuals enrolled in 2005 to 2007 who completed an enrolment questionnaire with data on lifelong agricultural exposure. Associations between agricultural exposure and sarcoma overall, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and myomatous and fibrous sarcoma together, were analyzed with a Cox model. Until 2015, 188 incident cases of sarcoma were identified. Increased risks were observed (a) among cattle farmers working <10 years (HR<10years = 2.45, 95% CI 1.36‐4.43) and breeding ≥50 livestock (HR≥50animals = 3.84, 95% CI 1.60‐9.22), especially if involved in animal care and building disinfection, (b) in greenhouse production (HR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.01‐3.30) and (c) in field‐grown vegetable production (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 0.96‐2.32). Concerning histological subtypes, GIST were positively associated with pesticide use in vineyards (HR = 2.24, 95% CI 0.95‐5.30). For myomatous and fibrous sarcoma, the only increase was seen in field‐grown vegetable production (HR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.16‐4.85). In AGRICAN, the risk of sarcomas was increased in several farming activities with differences according to histological subtype.
Excessive osteoclast activation by osteoblast paracrine factor RANKL is a major cause of the abnormal long bone phenotype in Apert syndrome model mice
Authors: Shin Hye‐Rim , Kim Bong‐Soo , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Yoon Heein , Kim Woo‐Jin , Choi Je‐Yong , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway plays important roles in the development and growth of the skeleton. Apert syndrome caused by gain‐of‐function mutations of FGFR2 results in aberrant phenotypes of the skull, midface, and limbs. Although short limbs are representative features in patients with Apert syndrome, the causative mechanism for this limb defect has not been elucidated. Here we quantitatively confirmed decreases in the bone length, bone mineral density, and bone thickness in the Apert syndrome model of gene knock‐in Fgfr2S252W/+ (EIIA‐Fgfr2S252W/+) mice. Interestingly, despite these bone defects, histological analysis showed that the endochondral ossification process in the mutant mice was similar to that in wild‐type mice. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining revealed that trabecular bone loss in mutant mice was associated with excessive osteoclast activity despite accelerated osteogenic differentiation. We investigated the osteoblast–osteoclast interaction and found that the increase in osteoclast activity was due to an increase in the Rankl level of osteoblasts in mutant mice and not enhanced osteoclastogenesis driven by the activation of FGFR2 signaling in bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Consistently, Col1a1‐Fgfr2S252W/+ mice, which had osteoblast‐specific expression of Fgfr2 S252W, showed significant bone loss with a reduction of the bone length and excessive activity of osteoclasts was observed in the mutant mice. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the imbalance in osteoblast and osteoclast coupling by abnormally increased Rankl expression in Fgfr2S252W/+ mutant osteoblasts is a major causative mechanism for bone loss and short long bones in Fgfr2S252W/+ mice.
Accuracy and Challenges in the Vesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System for Staging Bladder Cancer
Authors: Meng Xiaoyan , Hu Henglong , Wang Yanchun , Feng Cui , Hu Daoyu , Liu Zheng , Kamel Ihab R. , Li Zhen 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundThe Vesical Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS) scoring system has been widely used to stage bladder cancer (BCa) since 2018.PurposeTo describe the characteristics of cases with discordant T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) scores in patients with BCa and further verify the accuracy of the VI‐RADS scoring system and the necessity of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) sequence.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 106 patients (include 16.5% female) with bladder cancer.SequenceT2WI (fast spin echo), DWI (echo planer imaging), and DCE (gradient echo).AssessmentSome cases are difficult to score according to the system, mainly when the T2WI (category 4) and DWI (category 2) sequence scores are discordant, termed the discordant group below. The complementary group will be termed concordant group. Each MRI sequence was reviewed respectively according to the 5‐point VI‐RADS scoring system by three observers. The diagnostic ability of sequences for evaluating muscle invasion by BCa was calculated using histopathology as the reference standards.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, DeLong test, intraclass correlation coefficient. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.ResultsFourteen cases (13.2%) had discordant VI‐RADS scoring system. In the discordant group, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of DCE was 0.875, while the T2WI and DWI showed limited diagnostic performance (AUCs = 0.50). In the concordant group, there was no significant difference in diagnostic efficacy between the overall VI‐RADS (AUC: 0.950) and the combination of T2WI and DWI (AUC: 0.946) (P = 0.56). Among all patients, the AUC of overall VIRADS was 0.939 with a 3 or greater cutoff value.Data conclusionThe DCE was crucial in the discordant group for evaluating muscle‐invasiveness, while DCE may not be necessary for the concordant group. The VI‐RADS scoring system performed with overall good diagnostic performance in evaluating muscle‐invasiveness in BCa patients.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 3
Clinical features and oncological outcomes of primary female urethral cancer
Authors: Lee Wonchul , Yu Jesang , Lee Jae‐Lyun , Kim Young Seok , Hong Bumsik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeInvestigation of the clinical features and treatment outcomes of primary female urethral cancer (FUC) at a single institution.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 32 FUC patients during 1997–2017. We investigated preoperative risk factors predicting overall (overall survival [OS]) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and reviewed clinical features, treatment modality, and oncologic outcomes according to pathology. The median follow‐up duration and age was 56 months (range: 4–229) and 61 years (range: 15–82), respectively.ResultsThe median OS and RFS were 70 and 16 months, respectively. A total of 19 (59.4%) patients received systemic chemotherapy, including 14 (43.8%) who received radiation therapy. Further, 22 patients (68.8%) underwent surgery. On univariate analysis, >T2, N+, and tumor size ≥3 cm were associated with poorer OS. There were 15 cases of distant metastasis and five local recurrences. Outcomes were poorest in adenocarcinoma (AC), moderate in clear cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma, and best in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).ConclusionFemale urethral lesions should be carefully examined to exclude FUC. Distal urethral SCC was responsive to surgical excision, but proximal urethral AC had poor oncological outcome even after extensive treatment. Due to the heterogeneity and poor prognosis of FUC, multimodal treatment is mandatory.
Early continuous blood purification affects TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in patients with severe acute pancreatitis via inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Peng , Huang Hai‐Ping , He Xiao‐Yan , Wu Bao‐Zhen , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo exploit whether early continuous blood purification (CBP) inhibits the Toll‐like receptors 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in the peripheral blood of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and whether it affects the abundance of inflammatory factors; 130 SAP patients were randomly selected and divided into Groups B and C. Both groups received conventional treatment. Among them, Group C was given early CBP treatment. Another 60 healthy cases in physical examination at the same time were selected as Group A. The abundances of TLR4 and inflammatory factors were detected before and after treatment. Compared with Group B, (1) the symptoms in Group C improved more markedly; (2) protein contents of TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in Group C diminished more signally; (3) the abundances of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and cytokine interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in Group C decreased (p < 0.05); and (4) the abundance of TLR4 in Group C was positively correlated with those of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 after treatment (all p < 0.001). Early CBP inhibits TLR4 signaling pathway in SAP patients and attenuates the abundance of inflammatory factors to a certain extent, which may provide a new clinical treatment strategy for SAP.
Enhanced predictive corrosion modeling of crevice evolution at e‐coat defects under cyclic climate conditions
Authors: Wagner Benjamin , Mittelbach Andreas , Geiß Paul L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractE‐coated galvanized steel sheets are widespread parts of the automotive industry. Hence, the undermining of the organic coating due to defects is a crucial issue. The delamination of an e‐coating is simulated for different cyclic climate conditions using the finite element method to predict the corrosion behavior over several weeks. A semiempirical mixed potential theory model is developed incorporating the time‐of‐wetness, the temperature, and the effect of corrosion products. Furthermore, the spatial orientation of the sheets is considered in the simulation. The trends of experimental delamination widths of corrosion tests are well described by the simulation.
Using Surrogate Taxa to Inform Response Methods for Invasive Grass Carp in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Fischer Jason L. , Nathan Lucas R. , Buszkiewicz John , Colm Julia , Drake D. Andrew R. , DuFour Mark R. , Kočovský Patrick M. , Marson David , Smyth Eric R. B. , Young Ryan , Robinson Kelly F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Sampling method decisions are critical for the effective monitoring and management of fisheries. Deploying the most effective sampling methodologies is particularly important when responding to new invasive species, where early response efforts have the best chances for eradication. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the invasive Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella is sampled using boat electrofishing and the combination method of boat electrofishing within and around a trammel net enclosure. We conducted a field study to compare the effectiveness of the two methods. We used capture data for surrogate taxa (i.e., Common Carp Cyprinus carpio and buffalo Ictiobus spp.) to compare the two methods because few Grass Carp were collected during the study. The sampling methods were compared within an occupancy modeling framework using an information-criteria model selection approach to evaluate seven alternative models. The base model included sampling method, year, water temperature, and sampling effort as covariates in the detection submodel and assumed that occupancy probability was constant across sites. The other six models built on the base model by including site, water body type (i.e., lentic vs. lotic), and interaction covariates in the detection submodel. The top-performing model, built on the base model, accounted for the influence of water body type and assumed the exchangeability of site effects in the detection submodel. The results indicated that the detection probabilities for both taxa were higher for the combination method than for boat electrofishing, with a median estimated difference in detection probability between the two methods of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04–0.22) for Common Carp and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.08–0.28) for buffalo. Given that the combination method was more effective for detecting the surrogate taxa, we expect the combination method may be preferable to only boat electrofishing for Grass Carp removal.
Lung function at school age in infants with lower respiratory tract infections with and without wheezing: A birth cohort study
Authors: Rusconi Franca , Lombardi Enrico , Spada Elena , Brescianini Sonia , Culasso Martina , Di Toro Francesca , Frassanito Antonella , Richiardi Lorenzo , Ronfani Luca , Stella Ileana , Gagliardi Luigi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), in the first 2 years of life and lung function at school age in the Piccolipiù birth cohort (Italy).MethodsData on LRTI (doctor diagnosis of bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia) and wheezing (≥3 episodes or a diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis) in the first 2 years of life were obtained from parental questionnaires.Lung function was assessed at 7 years by spirometry and forced volume vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75%, and at 75% of FVC (FEF25–75 and FEF75) were reported as Z‐scores. The associations between LRTI and spirometric variables were estimated with linear regression models.ResultsAmong 877 children studied, 22.1% had LRTI only, 5.4% wheezing only, 13.2% had both, and 59.3% had neither LRTI nor wheezing. Children with LRTI had lower FVC and FEV1 than children without (Z‐score differences: −0.18 [95% confidence intervals: −0.31; −0.06] and −0.15 [−0.27; −0.03]). When children were stratified by history of both LRTI and wheezing, there was no association between LRTI only and spirometric values. Conversely, having had both LRTI and wheezing was inversely associated with all lung function measures: Z‐score differences of −0.24 (−0.42; −0.07); −0.42 (−0.59; −0.24); −0.25 (−0.41; −0.08); −0.37 (−0.54; −0.21); −0.30 (−0.46; −0.14) for FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75 and FEF75, respectively.ConclusionInfants with wheezing and LRTI, but not those with LRTI only, had reduced lung function at school‐age.