bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Imine‐based Aggregation‐Induced Emission Fluorescence Performance Through the Extension of Molecular Linkers
Authors: Gan Weijin , Zhang Zhaohui , Zheng Xuhan , Yu Zefang , Xie Chenxiao , Wen Hongqi , Sun Lishu , Zhao Yingjie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aggregation‐induced emission fluorescent structures based on the imine bonds usually suffer fluorescence quenching owing to the possible charge transfer process between the lone pair electrons from the imine to the fluorescent luminogens. In this work, it was found that the extended molecular linker between the imine units and the TPE core can inhibit the charge transfer process and result in high AIE fluorescent property. A good regularity was found and summarized with a mechanism study. This work may help to solve the problem of the construction of AIE fluorescent structures based on the imine bond.
Ultrasound‐guided femoral nerve block and intravenous fentanyl in pain management of the patients with hip fracture: a prospective, randomized, single blinded clinical trial
Authors: Mayel Masoud , Foroughian Mahdi , Zamani Nasim , Shahabinejad Nazanin , Hassanian‐Moghaddam Hossein 
Published: November 2022

AimProximal femoral fracture is a painful condition. Pain alleviation is a treatment cornerstone to both comfort the patient and reduce adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate and compare ultrasound‐guided femoral nerve block and intravenous fentanyl administration in relieving the pain of patients with hip fractures.MethodsThe present interventional clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients referred to Shahid‐Bahonar Hospital with unilateral isolated proximal femur fracture and American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: intravenous fentanyl and ultrasound‐guided femoral nerve block for pain management. Pain severity was assessed by a numerical rating scale before and after the intervention in both groups and the groups were then compared.ResultsForty patients were enrolled in to study; 27 (67.5%) were male. There was no significant difference in demographic variables between the two groups. Fourteen (35%) were older than 80 years. Pain significantly decreased three scores compared to the pre‐intervention level in both groups (95% confidence interval, 2–4). This was slightly higher in the femoral nerve block group. The largest strength of association for age and numerical rating scale of pain was found in the differences between the pre‐intervention and after‐intervention in femoral nerve block group (r = −0.775, P < 0.001).ConclusionWe found similar pain severity between the two groups. Considering the possible side effects of fentanyl, an ultrasound‐guided femoral nerve block shows may provide safer pain control and may be particularly suitable for patients with opioid dependence.
Entanglement and Asymmetric Steering Between Distant Magnon and Mechanical Modes in an Optomagnonic‐Mechanical System
Authors: Cheng Jing , Liu Yu‐Mu , Wang Hong‐Fu , Yi Xuexi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA scheme is proposed to generate long‐distance entanglement and asymmetric steering between mechanical oscillator and magnon mode across the frequency difference of ≈10 GHz in an optomagnonic‐mechanical system composed of a magnon, a mechanical oscillator, and two cavities. The calculated results reveal that the long‐distance magnon–phonon entanglement can be achieved due to the fact that the quantum correlation of the two‐mode squeezed vacuum microwave field is successively transferred to the magnon mode and the phonon mode. Moreover, the entanglement is strong enough such that the quantum steering between magnon mode and phonon mode can be achieved in an asymmetric manner. Furthermore, the direction of quantum steering can be flexibly adjusted via changing the magnon damping rate, coupling strength, squeezing parameter, and bath temperature. The proposed scheme provides the possibility for the generation of macroscopic quantum entanglement and steering and has potential applications in quantum information processing.
Hand–foot coordination is significantly influenced by motion direction in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Umesawa Yumi , Matsushima Kanae , Fukatsu Reiko , Terao Yasuo , Ide Masakazu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenerally, when individuals attempt to move two limbs rhythmically in the opposite direction (e.g., flex the left hand and extend the left foot along the sagittal plane), the movements tend to be instead performed in the same direction. This phenomenon, known as directional constraint, can be harnessed to examine the difficulties in movement coordination exhibited by most individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While such difficulties have already been investigated through standardized clinical assessments, they have not been examined through kinematic methods. Thus, we employed a clinical assessment scale in an experimentally controlled environment to investigate whether stronger directional constraint during the rhythmic movement of two limbs is more pronounced and associated with decreased movement coordination in individuals with ASD. ASD and typically developing (TD) participants were asked to rhythmically move two limbs either in the same or opposite directions. In addition, the coordination skills of participants were assessed using the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT‐2). Subjects with ASD showed significantly stronger directional constraint than TD participants during the contralateral and ipsilateral movement of the hand and foot. According to the pooled data from both groups, participants who showed stronger directional constraint during these two movement conditions also exhibited poorer coordinated movement skills in the BOT‐2. These results suggest that people with ASD may have difficulties in inhibiting the neural signals that synchronize the direction of inter‐limb movements, thus resulting in coordination disabilities.Lay SummaryIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit difficulties in coordinated movements. We asked those with ASD and typically developing (TD) participants to move two limbs (e.g., left hand and left foot) either in the same or the opposite direction. Results demonstrated that participants with ASD had more difficulties in counteracting the tendency of their hand and foot to synchronously move in the same direction. Our findings suggested that difficulties to suppress synchronized movements of the hand and foot result in coordination disabilities.
Thinking Outside the Bill: Connecting People to Affordable Service
Authors: Locklear Henrietta , Cromwell Katie , Weinberg Rachel , Eastman Lucas B. , Elliott Melissa 
Published: November 2022

Key TakeawaysIt is incumbent upon water utilities to ensure affordable services for customers who may be struggling more than ever to keep up with rate increases and other economic challenges.The third edition of a guide from AWWA helps utilities assess water affordability issues in their community and determine the best ways to support customers while managing their own costs.Through research, collaboration, and communication, a utility can develop affordability programs and other strategies to effectively benefit its customers.
The Next Frontier: Individualized Rates Based on Cost of Service
Authors: Atwater Drew , Mukherjee Monobina , Vanjavakam Anudeep 
Published: November 2022

Key TakeawaysTraditional cost‐of‐service structures for water rates have been based on customer classes, which can overlook the stresses put on a distribution system through peak usage and unfairly charge some customers.With more and better data, an individualized approach that ties rates to effects on the water system is possible, meaning utilities can capture each customer's water‐use patterns and tailor rates accordingly.Individualized rates enabled by smart meters can result in more equitable pricing for customers, help them understand their water use, and provide a budgetary benefit for utilities.
Coming into clear sight at last: Ancestral and derived events during chelicerate visual system development
Authors: Friedrich Markus 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPioneering molecular work on chelicerate visual system development in the horseshoe crabLimulus polyphemussurprised with the possibility that this process may not depend on the deeply conserved retinal determination function ofPax6transcription factors. Genomic, transcriptomic, and developmental studies in spiders now reveal that the arthropodPax6homologseyelessandtwin of eyelessact as ancestral determinants of the ocular head segment in chelicerates, which clarifies deep gene regulatory and structural homologies and recommends more unified terminologies in the comparison of arthropod visual systems. Following this phylotypic stage, chelicerate visual system development differs fundamentally from other arthropods during the compartmentalization of the ocular segment in that eye and optic neuropil primordia originate independently from each other. Comparative analyses of this phase identified further gene regulatory homologies but also major differences, most notably the possibly compensatory replacement ofPax6byPax2in lateral eye specification. Also see the video abstract here:https://youtu.be/Hdfr3z5kEXU
Nucleosomes and flipons exchange energy to alter chromatin conformation, the readout of genomic information, and cell fate
Authors: Herbert Alan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlternative non‐B‐DNA conformations formed under physiological conditions by sequences called flipons include left‐handed Z‐DNA, three‐stranded triplexes, and four‐stranded i‐motifs and quadruplexes. These conformations accumulate and release energy to enable the local assembly of cellular machines in a context specific manner. In these transactions, nucleosomes store power, serving like rechargeable batteries, while flipons smooth energy flows from source to sink by acting as capacitors or resistors. Here, I review the known biological roles for flipons. I present recent and unequivocal findings showing how innate immune responses are regulated by Z‐flipons that identify endogenous RNAs as self. Evidence is also presented supporting important roles for other flipon classes. In these examples, the dynamic exchange of energy between flipons and nucleosomes enables rapid switching of genetic programs without altering flipon sequence. The increased phenotypic diversity enabled by flipons drives their natural selection, with adaptations evolving faster than is possible by codon mutation alone.
Lycopene: Sojourn from kitchen to an effective therapy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kapoor Bhupinder , Gulati Monica , Rani Pooja , Kochhar Rajpal Singh , Atanasov Atanas G. , Gupta Reena , Sharma Deepika , Kapoor Deepak 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReports on a significant positive correlation between consumption of carotenoid‐rich food and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to the investigation of carotenoids for the treatment and prevention of AD. More than 1100 types of carotenoids are found naturally, out of which only around 50 are absorbed and metabolized in human body. Lycopene is one of the most commonly ingested members of fat‐soluble carotenoid family that gives vegetables and fruits their red, yellow, or orange color. Lycopene has established itself as a promising therapy for AD owing to its neuroprotective activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiamyloidogenic properties. In this review, we highlight the various in vitro and preclinical studies demonstrating the neuroprotective effect of lycopene. Also, some epidemiological and interventional studies investigating the protective effect of lycopene in AD have been discussed. Diving deeper, we also discuss various significant mechanisms, through which lycopene exerts its remissive effects in AD. Finally, to overcome the issue of poor chemical stability and bioavailability of lycopene, some of the novel delivery systems developed for lycopene have also been briefly highlighted.
Study on the adhesion behaviour of oil droplets in water on solid surfaces with different wettability and inclination
Authors: Rong Feng , He Limin , Lü Yuling , Wang Ce , Wang Shipeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroscopic adhesion of oil droplets is a hot research topic within multiphase flow systems in the petrochemical field in recent years, and it is also the key to revealing the mechanism of oil droplet–wall interaction. In this paper, a high‐speed camera was used to capture the dynamic process of oil droplets impacting stainless steel, polyethylene, brass, and other materials in water, deeply analyze the influence mechanism of material wettability, droplet size, and inclination on adhesion behaviour in this process, and draw the Re~θeq phase diagram. The experimental results show that properly enhancing the lipophilicity of the material can prolong the drainage time and effectively inhibit adhesion. Too much lipophilicity can dramatically shorten the drainage time instead, which easily leads to the rapid adhesion of oil droplets. An increase in droplet size can also prolong the drainage time; at Re ≥46.31, the excessive initial kinetic energy is consumed in the form of oil droplet rebound, which is not conducive to adhesion, and the more lipophilic the material is, the more significant the rebound effect. In addition, although an increase in the inclination can inhibit oil droplet bounce off, it also decreases the wall restraint to oil droplets, resulting in lateral and normal displacements, which greatly increases the drainage time. The findings can facilitate the understanding of oil droplet–wall interaction and provide a scientific basis for the design and development of efficient separation equipment and the optimization of the low‐temperature gathering and transportation of high water‐bearing crude oil.
Dual functions of activated carbon air‐cathode: Nitrobenzene removal and electricity production in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Zuo Zhifang , Huang Ting , Zhu Xiaoting , Jia Xiaoyu , Zhang Enren 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe removal of nitrobenzene (NB) in microbial electrochemical systems generally requires electrical power to operate systems in the mode of microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The present study demonstrates that single‐chamber microbial fuel cells (S‐MFCs) assembled with a bioanode and an activated carbon (AC) air cathode could simultaneously remove NB and generate electricity. S‐MFCs with 1 mM NB exhibit long term NB tolerance and stable electricity production, with NB removal up to 98% in an operation cycle and a maximum power of 16.2 ± 1.3 W m−3. High NB loadings significantly inhibited the activity of anodic biofilms, but the inhibition was reversible. Investigating the removal of NB and its reduction product aniline (AN) in different operations supported the fact that the adsorption at the AC air cathode is the main pathway for the removal of NB and AN from solution, except for the partial conversion of NB to AN by anaerobic reduction in solution. In S‐MFCs, the activated carbon in the cathode plays both functions: catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction and adsorbing NB and AN, so that the S‐MFC assembled with the AC air cathode, unlike most NB removing MECs, functions as a system with both NB removal and electricity production.
Theoretical and experimental investigation ofCO2solubility in nanofluids containingNaPzeolite nanocrystals and [C12mim][Cl] ionic liquid
Authors: Zare Abdolhamid , Darvishi Parviz , Lashanizadegan Asghar , Zerafat Mohammad M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractToday, CO2separation is very important, both as an environmental issue and also in various industries. In this study, the water‐based nanofluid of NaP zeolite nanocrystals and 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim][Cl]) ionic liquid were mixed and tested experimentally for CO2absorption in an isothermal high pressure cell equipped with magnetic stirring. Zeolite nanocrystals were synthesized via the hydrothermal approach and characterized. A series of experiments were performed at different conditions to investigate the impact of various parameters, including nanoparticle type, nanoparticle concentration, stabilizer concentration, and the vessel's initial pressure, on CO2solubility. It was found that 0.02 wt.% of zeolite nanoparticles, 0.4 wt.% of [C12mim][Cl] ionic liquid, and 0.05 wt.% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) in nanofluids result in higher absorption of CO2compared to other concentrations. Furthermore, CO2absorption was increased by increasing ionic liquid and surfactant concentration up to a certain value near critical micelle concentration, but after that the CO2absorption was decreased. The overall CO2absorption enhancement at 20 bar for 0.02 wt.% zeolite and ZnO water‐based nanofluids with 0.4% [C12mim][Cl] ionic liquid and 0.02 wt.% SDBS were 26.9%, 21.5%, 21.2%, and 17% in comparison to pure water, respectively. In an absorption process using nanofluids, besides the influence of the mentioned parameters, the micro‐convection caused by Brownian motion and the grazing effect of nanoparticles should be noted. Considering the micro‐convection and grazing effects, a theoretical model should take into account the Brownian motion and grazing effects on the mass transfer rate in nanofluids to investigate the absorption enhancement by nano‐particles.
Influence of n‐butanol and isomers on the combustion mechanisms of isooctane and coke formation based on ReaxFF simulation
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Xin , Sun Weizhen , Zhao Ling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFuel additives play a significant role in enhancing the thermal stability of fuel combustion. The effect of additives on the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and the combustion performances of isooctane with three different isomer additives, (n‐butanol (1‐BuOH), diethyl ether (DEE), and 2‐butanol(2‐BuOH)), and additive‐free isooctane were explored by ReaxFF simulation in this work. The simulation system was heated to 3000 K at a heating rate of 10 K/ps and kept stable at 3000 K. A variety of combustion products (e.g., small gas molecules and C1‐C8 hydrocarbon compounds) in each system were analyzed, and the reaction paths were speculated based on the computed trajectory. The simulation results showed that the CC bond scission reaction dominated the combustion process of the three additives. All three additives promote the formation of toxic carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, while the pure DEE additive has the best inhibition effect on the formation of the coke precursor, C2H2, C3H4, and C3H6. The pure 1‐BuOH additive can shorten the initial reaction time of the reactants. The effects of DEE/1‐BuOH additive on the combustion of isooctane were investigated to obtain a desirable additive mixture with good performance. The expansion of the DEE proportion (80%/20% DEF/1‐BuOH) shows a slightly better coke (C3H4 and C3H6) reduction effect, while the inhibition effect is not as obvious as that of a pure DEE additive.
Cell morphologies in the nervous system: Glia steal the limelight
Authors: Ascoli Giorgio A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeurons and glia have distinct yet interactive functions but are both characterized by branching morphology. Dendritic trees have been digitally traced for over 40 years in many animal species, anatomical regions, and neuron types. Recently, long‐range axons also are being reconstructed throughout the brain of many organisms from invertebrates to primates. In contrast, less attention has been paid until lately to glial morphology. Thus, although glia and neurons are similarly abundant in the nervous systems of humans and most animal models, glia have traditionally been much less represented than neurons in morphological reconstruction repositories such as NeuroMorpho.Org. This is rapidly changing with the advent of high‐throughput glia tracing. NeuroMorpho.Org introduced glial cells in 2017 and today they constitute nearly a third of the database content. It took NeuroMorpho.Org 10 years to collect the first 40,000 neurons and now that amount of data can be produced in a single publication. This not only demonstrates the spectacular technological progress in data production, but also demands a corresponding advancement in informatics processing. At the same time, these publicly available data also open new opportunities for quantitative analysis and computational modeling to identify universal or cell‐type‐specific design principles in the cellular architecture of nervous systems. As a first application, we demonstrated that supervised machine learning of tree geometry classifies neurons and glia with practically perfect accuracy. Furthermore, we discovered a new morphometric biomarker capable of robustly separating these cell classes across multiple species, brain regions, and experimental preparations, with only sparse sampling of branch measurements.
Transferrable, Large‐area and Highly Conductive PEDOT : PSS Film and Its Application for Flexible Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Li Chang'an , Wong Grayson Dao Hwee , Tam Teck Lip Dexter , Ouyang Jianyong , Wang Xizu , Zhu Qiang , Suwardi Ady , Xu Jianwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA facile method was demonstrated to prepare large‐area (∼100 cm2), conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT : PSS) dense film via post‐treatment with sulfuric acid at 160 °C on a glass substrate. This PEDOT : PSS dense films exhibited a high electrical conductivity of up to 1800 S cm−1 without significantly compromising with the high humidity level, and could be easily transferred onto various flexible substrates such as plastics and paper with excellent adhesion. The conductive PEDOT : PSS dense films can be made a flexible and foldable thermoelectric module, showing an output voltage of 2.2 mV at ΔT=26 K. On the other hand, PEDOT : PSS thin films, which were prepared using a similar method, could be transferred onto the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and suitable to serve as flexible transparent electrodes for optoelectronic devices. Our simple method would hold great promise for scalability and mass production of large‐area, freestanding and conductive PEDOT : PSS polymer film for a variety of applications.