bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermediaries in the criminal justice system and the ‘neutrality paradox’
Authors: TAGGART JOHN 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe intermediary special measure was introduced by the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 (YJCEA) to assist vulnerable witnesses to give evidence in court. This article focuses on the role's relationship with its underpinning value of neutrality. Findings from 31 interviews with intermediaries in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, as well as judges in Northern Ireland, suggest that this aspect of the role is problematic and deserves critical examination. Though there is a broad commitment to neutrality among intermediaries, the role's practice reveals latent tensions and contradictions that contribute towards what I term the ‘neutrality paradox’. This article uses the Bourdieusian concept of ‘illusio’ as an explanatory tool to examine deviations from the normative expectation of neutrality. It focuses on how intermediaries experience and conceptualize their own neutrality and explores how this can aid understanding of the role's scope and position within the criminal justice system.
Peptide 17 alleviates early hypertensive renal injury by regulating the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway
Authors: Xu San‐Bin , Xu Bin , Ma Zhi‐Heng , Huang Mei‐Qin , Gao Zhi‐Sheng , Ni Jian‐Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimHypertensive nephropathy is embodied by kidney tissue fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis, as well as renal inflammation. The Hippo/YAP (yes‐associated protein, YAP) axis has been reported to promote inflammation and fibrosis and may participate in the pathogenesis of heart, vascular and renal injuries. However, the role of the Hippo/YAP pathway in hypertensive renal injury has not been reported so far. We explored the role of the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway in hypertensive renal injury and the effect of peptide 17 on its effects.MethodsHistopathological analyses were performed based on the Masson and Haematoxylin/eosin (HE) staining approaches. Biochemical indexes were determined and immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect protein expression levels. The mRNA expression levels were determined by qRT‐PCR.ResultsOur results showed that peptide 17 reduced the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urine protein/creatinine ratio in hypertensive rats. In addition, peptide 17 reduced the histopathological damage of kidneys in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Moreover, peptide 17 downregulated genes in the Hippo/Yap pathway in kidney tissue of SHRs and Ang II‐treated kidney cells. The expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β and MCP‐1 and the pro‐fibrotic factors TGF‐β1, fibronectin, and CTGF were increased in the kidney of hypertensive rats, but reversed by peptide 17 treatment. Silencing of YAP had effect similar to that of peptide 17 in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionPeptide 17 alleviates early renal injury in hypertension by regulating the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway. These findings may be useful in the treatment of hypertensive renal injury.
Overlaps with bladder pain syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome are associated with higher symptom burden and reduced quality of life in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Wuestenberghs Fabien , Baron Maximilien , Melchior Chloé , Desprez Charlotte , Cornu Jean‐Nicolas , Leroi Anne‐Marie , Gourcerol Guillaume 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia and bladder pain syndrome are well‐known to overlap with irritable bowel syndrome. Whether functional dyspepsia overlaps with bladder pain syndrome remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the presence of bladder pain syndrome in functional dyspepsia patients and its impact.MethodsAll consecutive patients with investigated dyspeptic symptoms in our tertiary care center between March 2015 and November 2018 were studied. Functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome were diagnosed according to Rome III and IV criteria while bladder pain syndrome was diagnosed using ESSIC criteria. Validated questionnaires were filled to assess quality of life (GIQLI), anxiety and depression (HADS), sleep (PSQI), and insomnia (ISI). Dyspeptic symptoms severity was assessed individually for eight dyspeptic complaints.Key ResultsAmong 1453 patients with dyspeptic symptoms, 61.4% fulfilled Rome criteria for functional dyspepsia. Bladder pain syndrome was present in 16.0% of the patients not fulfilling diagnostic criteria for functional dyspepsia, 22.2% of patients with functional dyspepsia alone, and 36.4% of patients with overlapping functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (p‐values <0.0001). In patients with bladder pain syndrome overlapping with functional dyspepsia, dyspeptic symptoms severity, anxiety, depression, and insomnia levels were higher while quality of life and sleep quality were reduced (p‐values <0.0001). These results were even more pronounced in case of overlap with irritable bowel syndrome (p‐values <0.0001).Conclusions and InferencesBladder pain syndrome is present in 26.9% of functional dyspepsia patients and is associated with higher gastrointestinal, psychological distresses, and sleep symptom burdens, and with reduced quality of life.
SATB1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of diabetic rat BMSCs through MAPK signalling activation
Authors: Guo Jing , Chen Zhuochen , Xiao Yue , Yu Guiyuan , Li Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveSpecial AT‐rich binding protein 1 (SATB1), a chromatin organizer and global transcriptional regulator, plays an important role in tumorigenesis and immune response. However, its function in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of SATB1 in osteogenesis.MethodsBMSCs were collected from the type 2 diabetes rat model and the protein and gene expression of SATB1 and osteospecific genes were evaluated post osteogenic induction.ResultsSATB1 protein expression significantly decreased in diabetic rat BMSCs whereas it increased in BMSCs following osteogenic induction. SATB1 knockdown significantly suppressed the expression of osteospecific genes, including alkaline phosphatase (Alp), runt‐related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin, and reduced the number of mineral deposits and ALP activity, whereas SATB1 overexpression yielded the opposite results. Moreover, SATB1 knockdown suppressed activation of the MAPK signalling pathway (phosphorylation of p38 and ERK), and MAPK pathway inhibitors could reverse the inhibitory effect of SATB1 knockdown on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.ConclusionSATB1 plays a key role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK signalling pathways. These findings may provide a new strategy for the application of BMSCs in bone regeneration.
PATH to understanding cannabis and nicotine initiation and co‐use among emerging adults
Authors: Blair Lisa M. , Ickes Melinda , McCubbin Andrea , Ashford Kristin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and age of initiation of nicotine and cannabis use, with a particular focus on the emerging adult period (ages 18–24 years) and concurrent use of nicotine with cannabis.DesignA secondary analysis of Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH).Sample32,078 participants from a nationally representative study of tobacco use and health outcomes.MeasurementVariables of interest included ever use, regular use and age of initiation (first‐time use) of nicotine (including tobacco) and/or cannabis and selected demographic factors.ResultsEver‐use of nicotine was associated with a 13‐fold increase in the likelihood of having ever used cannabis. Among those who reported cannabis use, 96.4% had also used nicotine. While initiation in adolescence was most common, 27.1% of those who use nicotine and 34.9% of those who use cannabis initiated during emerging adulthood. Among regular users of nicotine, 41.5% began regular use in emerging adulthood.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the continued susceptibility of emerging adults to initiation of these substances. Co‐use of nicotine and cannabis is an understudied phenomenon in emerging adults with significant potential to cause harm and should be a public health priority.
Federalism and the politics of oil and gas pipelines in Canada (Alberta) and the United States (Texas)
Authors: Lecours André , Béland Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, pipeline policy has been a significant and controversial issue in Canadian politics. In the United States, pipeline projects to increase transportation capacity for Texas oil have also been high on the energy agenda, but they have not permeated national politics like in Canada. In fact, new pipelines to transport oil and gas out of Texas' Permian Basin have multiplied without generating serious national controversy or intergovernmental conflicts. This article develops an explanation for these distinct political outcomes in Canada and the United States. The article identifies three factors that have contributed to pipeline projects triggering serious intergovernmental conflicts in Canada around Alberta oil but not in the United States in relation to the transportation of Texas oil: (1) pipeline structures and the regulatory framework for oil and gas; (2) the ideological and political support for, or opposition to, oil and gas development; and (3) the level of Indigenous opposition to pipeline projects.Related ArticlesAsh, John S. 2011. “Radiation or Riots: Risk Perception in Nuclear Power Decision Making and Deliberative Approaches to Resolving Stakeholder Conflict.” Politics & Policy 39(2): 317–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00237.x.Mahafza, Zachary, Jonathan M. Fisk, and David P. Adams. 2021. “Crude Contempt: Examining Local Pushback to Oil and Gas Development in California.” Politics & Policy 49(2): 479–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12401.Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled Web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill through a Principal‐Agent Lens.” Politics & Policy 40(4): 629–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x.
Political ideology and nuclear energy: Perception, proximity, and trust
Authors: McBeth Mark K. , Warnement Wrobel Megan , van Woerden Irene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolitical ideology is an increasingly powerful force in support of public policy. Historically, nuclear energy has found more support among political conservatives. This study updates the literature on political ideology and support for nuclear energy by examining how political ideology is associated with perceptions of nuclear energy and trust of nuclear information sources. After excluding participants with incomplete data, and participants within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor, the analytical sample size for the analysis examining political ideology and perceptions of nuclear energy was 4153. The analytical sample includes a total of 1035 participants within a 50‐mile radius of INL, 710 participants from within Idaho who lived further than 50 miles from INL, 1899 participants from other states (more than 50 miles from a nuclear reactor), and 509 Non‐Idaho participants living within 50 miles of a nuclear reactor. Logistic regression was used to determine how political ideology was associated with perceptions of nuclear energy and trust in different sources regarding radioactive waste, after controlling for demographics and location. While liberal participants near INL were less favorable towards nuclear energy, and more trusting in impact scientists to tell the truth about radioactive waste than their conservative counterparts, this was not consistent across the US. Our findings reveal the complexity of political ideology and the perceptions of nuclear issues and how proximity influences perceptions. The perceptions of political moderates were particularly important in providing a more complex understanding of political ideology and nuclear energy issues.
Black, immigrant, or woman? The implicit influence of Kamala Harris’ vice presidential nomination on support for Biden in 2020
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Fagan E. J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn 2020, for the first time, a VP candidate was a black woman of immigrant parentage. This article asks whether Kamala Harris’ vice presidential candidacy may have motivated some white voters and especially those scoring high on racial resentment, anti‐immigrant attitudes, or sexism to vote for Trump instead of Biden.MethodsWe conducted an online priming experiment with non‐Hispanic white voters in August 2020, shortly after Harris was announced as the Democratic vice presidential nominee. Half of the samples were asked about their support for the president–vice presidential tickets, while the other half were asked only about support for a presidential candidate.ResultsOur results show that the Harris’ selection may have affected vote choice by pushing many whites, especially among the most racially conservative whites into the Trump column. We find mixed results for anti‐immigrant attitudes and sexism.ConclusionWe conclude that one aspect of Harris’ identity—race—dominated the minds of voters relative to other aspects of her identity.
Validating and Refining Cognitive Process Models Using Probabilistic Graphical Models
Authors: Hiatt Laura M. , Brooks Connor , Trafton J. Gregory 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe describe a new approach for developing and validating cognitive process models. In our methodology, graphical models (specifically, hidden Markov models) are developed both from human empirical data on a task and synthetic data traces generated by a cognitive process model of human behavior on the task. Differences between the two graphical models can then be used to drive model refinement. We show that iteratively using this methodology can unveil substantive and nuanced imperfections of cognitive process models that can then be addressed to increase their fidelity to empirical data.
Genetic and immunological characterization of G9 group A porcine rotaviruses in China
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Fengxuan , Kan Ruici , Cao Hui , Tang Cheng , Yue Hua , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractG9 group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are considered emerging pathogens in pigs and humans, and pigs are considered a potential host reservoir for human G9 RVAs. In this study, RVAs of two genotypes, G9P[23] and G9P[13], were successfully isolated and the genomic sequences were obtained, the genome constellation is G9‐P[23]‐I5‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A8‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1 and G9‐P[13]‐I5‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A8‐N1‐T7‐E1‐H1 respectively. One strain which amplified from clinic faecal sample had an unique genome constellation G9‐P[23]‐I1‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A8‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1. All the genomic segments of three porcine G9 RVAs were closely related to those of porcine and/or porcine‐like human RVAs, demonstrating that the three viruses were porcine–human reassortant strains. To study the immunogenicity of the porcine G9 RVAs, 6‐week‐old female BALB/c mice were immunized with inactivated vaccines derived from porcine RVAs and then mated. The highest titres of neutralizing antibodies against G9P[23] and G9P[13] porcine RVAs (1,291 ± 35.22 and 1:232 ± 39.28 respectively) were produced in mice 7 days after the second immunization. Suckling mice born to the vaccinated dams were protected by maternal antibodies against challenge with homologous strains. Overall, our data demonstrate the occurrence of porcine–human reassortants of G9 RVAs, and extend our understanding of the immunogenicity of porcine G9 rotaviruses. They also provide a basis for the development of a porcine G9 RVA vaccine.
First and second doses of Covishield vaccine provided high level of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly transmissible settings: results from a prospective cohort of participants residing in congregate facilities in India
Authors: Tsundue Tenzin , Namdon Tenzin , Tsewang Tenzin , Topgyal Sonam , Dolma Tashi , Lhadon Dekyi , Choetso Tsering , Woesal Tenzin , Yangkyi Tenzin , Gupta Amita , Peters David , Paster Zorba , Phunkyi Dawa , Sadutshang Tsetan Dorji , Chaisson Richard E , Dorjee Kunchok 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Covishield vaccine among residents of congregate residential facilities.DesignA prospective cohort study in congregate residential facilities.SettingDharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India, from December 2020 to July 2021.ParticipantsResidents of all ages in seven facilities—three monasteries, two old age homes and two learning centres—were enrolled.ExposuresFirst and second doses of Covishield vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Main outcomes measuresPrimary outcome was development of COVID-19. Secondary outcome was unfavourable outcomes, defined as a composite of shortness of breath, hospitalisation or death. Vaccine effectiveness (%) was calculated as (1−HR)×100.ResultsThere were 1114 residents (median age 31 years) participating in the study, 82% males. Twenty-eight per cent (n=308/1114) were unvaccinated, 50% (n=554/1114) had received one dose and 23% (n=252/1114) had received two doses of Covishield. The point prevalence of COVID-19 for the facilities ranged from 11% to 57%. Incidence rates (95% CI) of COVID-19 were 76 (63 to 90)/1000 person-months in the unvaccinated, 25 (18 to 35)/1000 person-months in recipients of one dose and 9 (4 to 19)/1000 person-months in recipients of two doses. The effectiveness of first and second doses of Covishield were 71% (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.29; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.46; p<0.001) and 80% (aHR 0.20; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.44; p<0.001), respectively, against SARS-CoV-2 infection and 86% (aHR 0.24; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.82; p=0.023) and 99% (aHR 0.01; 95% CI 0.002 to 0.10; p<0.001), respectively, against unfavourable outcome. The effectiveness was higher after 14 days of receiving the first and second doses, 93% and 98%, respectively. Risk of infection was higher in persons with chronic hepatitis B (aHR 1.78; p=0.034) and previous history of tuberculosis (aHR 1.62; p=0.047).ConclusionCovishield was effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and reducing disease severity in highly transmissible settings during the second wave of the pandemic driven by the Delta variant.
Triple-serotype chimeric oncolytic adenovirus exerts multiple synergistic mechanisms against solid tumors
Authors: Su Yinghan , Li Jiang , Ji Weidan , Wang Gang , Fang Lin , Zhang Qin , Ang Lin , Zhao Min , Sen Yuan , Chen Lei , Zheng Junnian , Su Changqing , Qin Lunxiu 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundOncolytic virotherapy has become an important branch of cancer immunotherapy. This study investigated the efficacy of an oncolytic adenovirus (OAV), OncoViron, with synergistic mechanisms in the treatment of multiple solid tumors.MethodsAn OAV, OncoViron, was constructed and investigated by cytological experiments and implanted tumor models of multiple solid tumor cell lines to certify its anticancer efficacy, the synergistic effects of viral oncolysis and transgene anticancer activity of OncoViron, as well as oncolytic virotherapy combined with immunotherapy, were also verified.ResultsThe selective replication of OncoViron mediated high expression of anticancer factors, specifically targeted a variety of solid tumors and significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. On a variety of implanted solid tumor models in immunodeficient mice, immunocompetent mice, and humanized mice, OncoViron showed great anticancer effects on its own and in combination with programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Pathological examination, single-cell sequencing, and spatial transcriptome analysis of animal implanted tumor specimens confirmed that OncoViron significantly altered the gene expression profile of infected cancer cells, not only recruiting a large number of lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and mononuclear macrophages into tumor microenvironment (TME) and activated immune cells, especially T cells but also inducing M1 polarization of macrophages and promoting the release of more immune cytokines, thereby remodeling the TME for coordinating PD-1 antibody or CAR T therapy.ConclusionsThe chimeric OncoViron is a novel broad-spectrum anticancer product with multiple mechanisms of synergistic and potentiated immunotherapy, creating a good opportunity for combined immunotherapy against solid tumors.
Real-world burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in the USA: a comparative cohort study from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2016–2018
Authors: Grabich Shannon , Farrelly Eileen , Ortmann Robert , Pollack Michael , Wu Sandra Sze-jung 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveSLE is a chronic, multiorgan, autoimmune disease; however, current prevalence estimates are dated and often from non-generalisable patient populations, and quality of life and patient-reported outcomes in the real-world SLE population are not well-published. The present study used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a generalisable US data source encompassing a representative sample of regions/payers, to estimate SLE prevalence and characterise disease burden compared with non-SLE respondents.MethodsRetrospective population-based survey data weighted to the full US population from MEPS for the calendar years 2016–2018, pooled over the full study period, was used. The primary inclusion criteria included adults with self-reported SLE and either a record of SLE-related medication and/or rheumatologist visit in the calendar year. A matched-control cohort was created and the general non-SLE MEPS population was matched to MEPS SLE respondents by gender, age, region and MEPS reporting year using a 1:5 ratio.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2018, 96 996 adults reported annual data in MEPS, of whom 154 respondents met the primary SLE definition, equivalent to 490 385 weighted number of adults with SLE. The prevalence of SLE was 195 (95% CI 149 to 242) per 100000, with greater prevalence observed in the US South, African-American/black and publicly insured people and females. SLE respondents reported limitations in physical function at 3 times greater rate (45% vs 15%; p<0.0001), higher rates of pain-limiting work (67% vs 39%; p<0.001) and feeling depressed ‘nearly every day’ (7% vs 2%; p<0.001) compared with non-SLE respondents. All-cause healthcare and prescription expenses were significantly higher in SLE respondents (US$17 270 vs US$8350 (p<0.0001) and US$4512 vs US$1952 (p<0.001), respectively, in 2018 US dollars).ConclusionWide variation of SLE prevalence exists among patients of different regional, demographic and payer groups; SLE is associated with adverse quality of life, productivity and economic outcomes compared with non-SLE respondents.