bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konkani WordNet: Corpus-Based Enhancement using Crowdsourcing
Authors: Manerkar Sanjana , Asnani Kavita , Khorjuvenkar Preeti Ravindranath , Desai Shilpa , Pawar Jyoti D. 
Published: March 2022

Konkani is one of the languages included in the eighth schedule of the Indian constitution. It is the official language of Goa and is spoken mainly in Goa and some places in Karnataka and Kerala. Konkani WordNet or Konkani Shabdamalem (kōṁkanī śabdamālēṁ) as it has been referred to, was developed under the Indradhanush WordNet Project Consortium during the period from August 2010 to October 2013. This project was funded by Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL), Department of Electronics & Information Technology (Deity), and Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT). The work on Konkani WordNet has halted since the end of the project. Currently, the Konkani WordNet contains around 32,370 synsets. However, to make it a powerful resource for NLP applications in the Konkani language, a need is felt for research work toward enhancement of the Konkani WordNet via community involvement. Crowdsourcing is a technique in which the knowledge of the crowd is utilized to accomplish a particular task.
In this article, we have presented the details of the crowdsourcing platform named “Konkani Shabdarth” (kōṁkanī śabdārth). Konkani Shabdarth attempts to use the knowledge of Konkani speaking people for creating new synsets and perform the quantitative enhancement of the wordnet. It also intends to work toward enhancing the overall quality of the Konkani WordNet by validating the existing synsets, and adding the missing words to the existing synsets. A text corpus named “Konkani Shabdarth Corpus”, has been created from the Konkani literature while implementing the Konkani Shabdarth tool. Using this corpus, 572 root words that are missing from the Konkani WordNet have been identified which are given as input to Konkani Shabdarth. As of now, total 94 users have registered on the platform, out of which 25 users have actually played the game. Currently, 71 new synsets have been obtained for 21 words. For some of the words, multiple entries for the concept definition have been received. This overlap is essential for automating the process of validating the synsets. Due to the pandemic period, it has been difficult to train and get players to actually play the game and contribute. We studied the impact of adding missing words from other existing Konkani text corpus on the coverage of Konkani WordNet. The expected increase in the percentage coverage of Konkani WordNet has been found to be in the range 20–27 after adding the missing words from the Konkani Shabdarth corpus in comparison to the other corpora for which the increase is in the range 1–10.
Minimizing Stack Memory for Partitioned Mixed-criticality Scheduling on Multiprocessor Platforms
Authors: Zhao Qingling , Qu Mengfei , Gu Zonghua , Zeng Haibo 
Published: March 2022

A Mixed-Criticality System (MCS) features the integration of multiple subsystems that are subject to different levels of safety certification on a shared hardware platform. In cost-sensitive application domains such as automotive E/E systems, it is important to reduce application memory footprint, since such a reduction may enable the adoption of a cheaper microprocessor in the family. Preemption Threshold Scheduling (PTS) is a well-known technique for reducing system stack usage. We consider partitioned multiprocessor scheduling, with Preemption Threshold Adaptive Mixed-Criticality (PT-AMC) as the task scheduling algorithm on each processor and address the optimization problem of finding a feasible task-to-processor mapping with minimum total system stack usage on a resource-constrained multi-processor. We present the Extended Maximal Preemption Threshold Assignment Algorithm (EMPTAA), with dual purposes of improving the taskset’s schedulability if it is not already schedulable, and minimizing system stack usage of the schedulable taskset. We present efficient heuristic algorithms for finding sub-optimal yet high-quality solutions, including Maximum Utilization Difference based Partitioning (MUDP) and MUDP with Backtrack Mapping (MUDP-BM), as well as a Branch-and-Bound (BnB) algorithm for finding the optimal solution. Performance evaluation with synthetic task sets demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Federated Self-training for Semi-supervised Audio Recognition
Authors: Tsouvalas Vasileios , Saeed Aaqib , Ozcelebi Tanir 
Published: March 2022

Federated Learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm dealing with decentralized and personal datasets. Since data reside on devices such as smartphones and virtual assistants, labeling is entrusted to the clients or labels are extracted in an automated way. Specifically, in the case of audio data, acquiring semantic annotations can be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. As a result, an abundance of audio data remains unlabeled and unexploited on users’ devices. Most existing federated learning approaches focus on supervised learning without harnessing the unlabeled data. In this work, we study the problem of semi-supervised learning of audio models via self-training in conjunction with federated learning. We propose
FedSTAR
to exploit large-scale on-device unlabeled data to improve the generalization of audio recognition models. We further demonstrate that self-supervised pre-trained models can accelerate the training of on-device models, significantly improving convergence within fewer training rounds. We conduct experiments on diverse public audio classification datasets and investigate the performance of our models under varying percentages of labeled and unlabeled data. Notably, we show that with as little as 3% labeled data available,
FedSTAR
on average can improve the recognition rate by 13.28% compared to the fully supervised federated model.
Risk Stratification by Cross-Classification of Central and Brachial Systolic Blood Pressure
Authors: Cheng Yi-Bang , Thijs Lutgarde , Aparicio Lucas S. , Huang Qi-Fang , Wei Fang-Fei , Yu Yu-Ling , Barochiner Jessica , Sheng Chang-Sheng , Yang Wen-Yi , Niiranen Teemu J. , Boggia José , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Stolarz-Skrzypek Katarzyna , Gilis-Malinowska Natasza , Tikhonoff Valérie , Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Casiglia Edoardo , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Filipovský Jan , Kawecka-Jaszcz Kalina , Wang Ji-Guang , Li Yan , Staessen Jan A. ,   the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background:
Whether cardiovascular risk is more tightly associated with central (cSBP) than brachial (bSBP) systolic pressure remains debated, because of their close correlation and uncertain thresholds to differentiate cSBP into normotension versus hypertension.

Methods:
In a person-level meta-analysis of the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (n=5576; 54.1% women; mean age 54.2 years), outcome-driven thresholds for cSBP were determined and whether the cross-classification of cSBP and bSBP improved risk stratification was explored. cSBP was tonometrically estimated from the radial pulse wave using SphygmoCor software.

Results:
Over 4.1 years (median), 255 composite cardiovascular end points occurred. In multivariable bootstrapped analyses, cSBP thresholds (in mm Hg) of 110.5 (95% CI, 109.1–111.8), 120.2 (119.4–121.0), 130.0 (129.6–130.3), and 149.5 (148.4–150.5) generated 5-year cardiovascular risks equivalent to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association bSBP thresholds of 120, 130, 140, and 160. Applying 120/130 mm Hg as cSBP/bSBP thresholds delineated concordant central and brachial normotension (43.1%) and hypertension (48.2%) versus isolated brachial hypertension (5.0%) and isolated central hypertension (3.7%). With concordant normotension as reference, the multivariable hazard ratios for the cardiovascular end point were 1.30 (95% CI, 0.58–2.94) for isolated brachial hypertension, 2.28 (1.21–4.30) for isolated central hypertension, and 2.02 (1.41–2.91) for concordant hypertension. The increased cardiovascular risk associated with isolated central and concordant hypertension was paralleled by cerebrovascular end points with hazard ratios of 3.71 (1.37–10.06) and 2.60 (1.35–5.00), respectively.

Conclusions:
Irrespective of the brachial blood pressure status, central hypertension increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk indicating the importance of controlling central hypertension.
Associations of High‐Sensitivity Troponin and Natriuretic Peptide Levels With Serious Adverse Events in SPRINT
Authors: Ascher Simon B. , Scherzer Rebecca , de Lemos Jame A. , Estrella Michelle M. , Jotwani Vasantha K. , Garimella Pranav S. , Bullen Alexander L. , Ambrosius Walter T. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Nambi Vijay , Killeen Anthony A. , Ix Joachim H. , Shlipak Michael G. , Berry Jarett D. 
Published: March 2022

Background
Assessing the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) during hypertension treatment is important for understanding the benefit‐harm trade‐offs of lower blood pressure goals. It is unknown whether high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) provide information about SAEs.

Methods and Results

In SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP were measured at baseline in 8828 (94.3%) and 8836 (94.4%) participants, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP associations with a composite of SPRINT’s SAEs of interest: hypotension, syncope, bradycardia, acute kidney injury, electrolyte abnormalities, and injurious falls. Elevations in hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP were associated with increased composite SAE risk (hazard ratio [HR] per 2‐fold higher hs‐cTnT: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06‒1.25; HR per 2‐fold higher NT‐proBNP: 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05‒1.14). Compared with both hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP in the lower tertiles, both biomarkers in the highest tertile was associated with increased composite SAE risk (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.32‒1.84). Composite SAE risk was higher in the intensive‐treatment group than in the standard‐treatment group for participants with both biomarkers in the lower tertiles, but similar between treatment groups for participants with both biomarkers in the highest tertile (
P
for interaction=0.008).

Conclusions
Elevations in hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP individually and in combination are associated with higher composite SAE risk in SPRINT. The differential impact of blood pressure treatment on SAE risk across combined biomarker categories may have implications for identifying individuals with more favorable benefit‐harm profiles for intensive blood pressure lowering.
Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the United States and Japan: A Report From Joint Data Harmonization Initiative of STS/ACC TVT and J‐TVT
Authors: Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Kohsaka Shun , Shimamura Kazuo , Stebbins Amanda , Kumamaru Hiraku , Nelson Adam J. , Kosinski Andrzej , Maeda Koichi , Bavaria Joseph E. , Saito Shigeru , Reardon Michael J. , Kuratani Toru , Popma Jeffrey J. , Inohara Taku , Thourani Vinod H. , Carroll John D. , Shimizu Hideyuki , Takayama Morimasa , Leon Martin B. , Mack Michael J. , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: March 2022

Background
The practice pattern and outcome of medical devices following their regulatory approval may differ by country. The aim of this study is to compare postapproval national clinical registry data on transcatheter aortic valve replacement between the United States and Japan on patient characteristics, periprocedural outcomes, and the variability of outcomes as a part of a partnership program (Harmonization‐by‐Doing) between the 2 countries.

Methods and Results

The patient‐level data were extracted from the US Society of Thoracic Surgeons /American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy (STS/ACC TVT) and the J‐TVT (Japanese Transcatheter Valvular Therapy) registry, respectively, to analyze transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes between 2013 and 2019. Data entry for these registries was mandated by the federal regulators, and the majority of variable definitions were harmonized to allow direct data comparison. A total of 244 722 transcatheter aortic valve replacements from 646 institutions in the United States and 26 673 transcatheter aortic valve replacements from 171 institutions in Japan were analyzed. Median volume per site was 65 (interquartile range, 45–97) in the United States and 28 (interquartile range, 19–41) in Japan. Overall, patients in J‐TVT were older (United States: mean‐age, 80.1±8.7 versus Japan: 84.4±5.2;
P
<0.001), were more frequently women (45.9% versus 68.1%;
P
<0.001), and had higher median Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (5.27% versus 6.20%;
P
<0.001) than patients in the United States. Japan had lower unadjusted 30‐day mortality (1.3% versus 3.2%;
P
<0.001) and composite outcomes of death, stroke, and bleeding (17.5 versus 22.5%;
P
<0.001) but had higher conversion to open surgery (0.94% versus 0.56%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
This collaborative analysis between the United States and Japan demonstrated the feasibility of international comparison using the national registries coded under mutual variable definitions. Both countries obtained excellent outcomes, although the Japanese had lower 30‐day mortality and major morbidity. Harmonization‐by‐Doing is one of the key steps needed to build global‐level learning to improve patient outcomes.
Comparative Analysis of Knowledge of Concepts of Pollination and Bee Pollinators Among Elementary School Students
Authors: Stanisavljević Jelena D. , Mijakovac Milena M. , Sumatokhin Sergey V. , Stanisavljević Ljubiša Ž. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Contemporary biology education is rich with important content for human society, such as concepts related to pollination and pollinators. Comparative analysis of the knowledge about concepts of pollination and bee pollinators between elementary school students from Serbia and Russia was performed. This research aimed to determine which aspects of pollination students know and how do they understand the role of bees in this process. It also assessed students’ knowledge about the pollinators’ decline factors by using a questionnaire. Most students knew the definition of pollination and that bees are the most effective insect pollinators. Russian students had a greater scope of knowledge about the concepts of pollination and bee pollinators than did Serbian students. Students did not recognize that modern agriculture and climate change are causes of pollinator declines. Concepts of ecosystem services, bee diversity, and pollinator decline need to be added to the curriculum.
Putting African Communitarian Values to the Test during a Pandemic
Authors: Inusah Husein 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Some African scholars have challenged the idea that African societies are still communitarian largely due to urbanisation and cosmopolitanism. Using Ghana as a case study, this essay aims to address this protest by analysing the speeches of the president of Ghana and some of the attitudes and behaviours of Ghanaians during the lockdown days of the COVID 19 pandemic in Ghana to test African communitarian status. The essay deploys the ideological analysis method of rhetorical criticism to examine and analyse the speeches of the president of Ghana on updates to the enhanced responses to the COVID 19 pandemic and content analysis of newspapers and online news portals to analyse the attitudes and behaviours of Ghanaians during the lockdown days of the pandemic. It is observed that the speeches of the president and some of the attitudes of Ghanaians during the lockdown inherently lean toward and are consistent with African communitarianism rather than hard-core liberalism and collectivism.
Exploring the Origins and Expansion of the Nyaminyami (Water Spirit) Belief Systems among the BaTonga People of Northwestern Zimbabwe
Authors: Matanzima Joshua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Water spirits are an integral part of African traditional religious beliefs and ritual practices. Like many other African traditional religious practices and beliefs, water spirit beliefs are characterized by complex ‘myths’ surrounding their origins. In that regard, this paper explores the origins and expansion of the Nyaminyami (water spirit,) beliefs prevalent among some BaTonga people of northwestern Zimbabwe. It argues that these beliefs were exotic to the BaTonga people. In so doing, it substantiates the assumption by Elizabeth Colson and Thayer Scudder that Nyaminyami was a foreign idea to the BaTonga people. This study brings in new contemporary evidence to substantiate and extend this diffusionist perspective. It provides evidence from ethnographic research conducted among the BaTonga and Shangwe-speaking peoples living in the immediate vicinity of the Kariba Gorge area from April to November 2017. This study also rests on the wider scholarship on water divinities in Africa that explains the emergence of water divinities in different societies through diffusion of ideas. The study further examines the ways by which the cultural borrowing may have occurred, as well as the period and the extent to which the diffusion of ideas occurred, based on the ethnographic evidence.
‘A New Book according to the Syllables’: Organizing Scripture in Clement of Alexandria
Authors: Ward H. Clifton 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The work of classicists in recent years have shown the creative means by which readers organized knowledge textually within the Roman Empire. In the sixth book of his Stromateis, Clement of Alexandria reflects on a passage from the Shepherd of Hermas that contrasts reading ‘according to the letter’ and ‘according to the syllables’ to interpret Isaiah 8:1–2 on the composition of a ‘new book.’ In this article, I take this passage as a springboard to analyze the grammatical and rhetorical features – hinted subtly in these two passages – that Clement adapted for organizing the knowledge he believes Scripture to transmit. I argue that Clement employs a form of archival thinking to transfer the skills of grammarians and rhetoricians to the hermeneutics of Christian Scripture. This ‘grammatical archive’ and ‘memorial archive’ form the structures to Clement’s craft of thinking, which is ultimately expressed in the construction of textual constellations that aid in understanding the plain sense of the Scriptures and their subject matter.
Syriac samminē (pl) ‘Pomace (?)’ and an Akkadian Cognate
Authors: Butts Aaron Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The word samminē (pl) appears to be a hapax legomenon in Syriac, being attested only in Mēmrā 10 ‘On Stephen’ of Narsai (d. ca. 500), where it seems to refer to grapes and perhaps, more specifically, to pomace. Though the available manuscripts are unanimous in transmitting samminē (pl), Brockelmann emended the word to yasminē ‘jasmine’. This emendation is, however, contextually difficult. In addition, a possible cognate to Syriac samminē (pl) is to be found in Akkadian sammīnu, which occurs in lists of foodstuffs in several Old Babylonian letters as well as in the Uruanna plant list. The Akkadian cognate, which has not previously been noted in the Syriac lexicographical literature, all but assures that samminē (pl) is a genuine Syriac word.
‘The History of Political Thought Above All’
Authors: Cuttica Cesare 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Well-known for his work on absolutism, divine right theory, and his contextual reading of Hobbes’ ideas, Sommerville also published successful critical editions of Sir Robert Filmer and King James vi and I’s political writing. Sommerville’s engagement in key historiographical debates on early- modern British history, involving “opposing camps” of revisionists and post-revisionists, is less explored. Here, I focus on the question whether pre-Civil War England was immune to ideological conflict or, instead, featured a confrontation between King and Parliament based on ideas of power, liberty and obedience. I also highlight the continued relevance of Sommerville’s innovative account of English political thought as deeply shaped by European theories. His work reminds us of the role of the history of political thought in rectifying false claims and unchecked opinions, so commonly expounded in our divided world. In conclusion, I advance my own critical interpretation of Sommerville’s views on absolutism and patriarchalism.
Trapp’s Trap: Classical Nationalism versus Bounded Rationality
Authors: Miščević Nenad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
How rational are classical nationalist attitudes, and their more recent cousins, populist quasi-nationalist attitudes? This article addresses these questions from the perspectives of instrumental and bounded conceptions of rationality. It demonstrates that on both conceptions pernicious nationalistic attitudes may count as perfectly rational, while remaining clearly irrational in a wider prescriptive sense. The article concludes by pointing to alternative conceptions of rationality and to cosmopolitan remedies for global problems inadequately addressed within nationalistic frameworks.
Gendered Citizenship and Liminal Space: The Ambiguity of Women’s Organizing
Authors: Walsh Denise Marie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this reflection on Natasha Behl’s book, Gendered Citizenship: Understanding Gendered Violence in Democratic India, I highlight its singular contributions to political science, which I attribute to its exemplary engagement with lived experience and reflexivity. Behl leverages both to demonstrate how the wide spectrum of violence committed in the public and private spheres is of central importance for citizenship. I then turn to several conundrums the book raises about women, gender, religion, and politics. Contesting Behl’s characterization of Indian women’s participation in Sikh sex-segregated religious groups as a form of democratic political interaction, I argue that groups like these are more ambiguous and characterize them as liminal. The distinction is fruitful because it provides a conceptual opening for empirically analyzing the many religious and civic sites in which women organize to better understand the role this participation plays in shaping democratic citizenship.
Caring as Research, Researching with Care
Authors: Anumol Dipali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In Gendered Citizenship, Natasha Behl proposes a theory of situated citizenship that makes visible the practices of exclusionary inclusion that explain the gap between women’s formal equality in the Indian Constitution and their actual lived experiences of inequality and violence. By focusing on the lived experiences of women, Behl’s approach foregrounds reflexivity and meaning-making. In doing so, Behl provides a blueprint for research in political science that centers care and community.
The Acoustics of Traditional Italian Mandolins and Their Relation with Soundboard Wood Properties
Authors: Quintavalla Martino , Gabrielli Federico , Canevari Claudio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stringed musical instruments, which have a long and rich worldwide cultural history, have slowly evolved from ancient lutes to contemporary instruments such as the Italian mandolin. The mandolin has been an iconic element of Italian musical tradition and culture for more than 400 years. In this study, we report on the acoustic characterization of modern Italian mandolins in terms of bridge admittance, sound radiation, and modal shape measurements. The vibrational behavior of the soundboard was studied by means of finite element analysis (FEA) to establish a link between the mechanical and physical properties of wood and the acoustic response of the instrument. This study presents some important features of the acoustic behavior of mandolins and sheds some light on the influence of wood properties on the instrument’s timbre and its variability.