bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VvSUN may act in the auxin pathway to regulate fruit shape in grape
Authors: Zheng Huan , Dong Yang , Nong Huilan , Huang Liyuan , Liu Jing , Yu Xin , Zhang Yaguan , Yang Lina , Hong Ben , Wang Wu , Tao Jianmin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit shape is an essential agronomic feature in many crops. We identified and functionally characterized an auxin pathway-related gene, VvSUN. VvSUN, which belongs to the SUN/IQ67-DOMAIN (IQD) family, localizes to the plasma membrane and chloroplast and may be involved in controlling fruit shape through auxin. It is highly expressed in the ovary, and the expression level 1 week before the anthesis stage is positively correlated with the fruit shape index. Functional analyses illustrated that VvSUN gene overexpression in tomato and tobacco plants changed fruit/pod shape. The VvSUN promoter directly bound to VvARF6 in yeast and activated ß-glucuronidase (GUS) activity by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatments in grapevine leaves, indicating that VvSUN functions are in coordination with auxin. Further analysis of 35S::VvSUN transgenic tomato ovaries showed that the fruit shape changes caused by VvSUN were predominantly caused by variations in cell number in longitudinal directions by regulating endogenous auxin levels via polar transport and/or auxin signal transduction process variations. Moreover, enrichment of the 35S::VvSUN transgenic tomato differentially expressed genes was found in a variety of biological processes, including primary metabolic process, transmembrane transport, calcium ion binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, tubulin binding, and microtubule-based movement. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we confirmed that this plant hormone signal transduction may play a crucial role in controlling fruit shape. As a consequence, it is possible that VvSUN acts as a hub gene, altering cellular auxin levels and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which plays a role in cell division patterns, leading to anisotropic growth of the ovary and, ultimately, an elongated fruit shape.
Size-Dependent Scaling of Stingless Bee Flight Metabolism Reveals an Energetic Benefit to Small Body Size
Authors: Duell Meghan E , Klok C Jaco , Roubik David W , Harrison Jon F 
Published: September 2022

SynopsisUnderstanding the effect of body size on flight costs is critical for the development of models of aerodynamics and animal energetics. Prior scaling studies that have shown that flight costs scale hypometrically have focused primarily on larger (&gt;100 mg) insects and birds, but most flying species are smaller. We studied the flight physiology of 13 stingless bee species over a large range of body sizes (1–115 mg). Metabolic rate during hovering scaled hypermetrically (scaling slope = 2.11). Larger bees had warm thoraxes, while small bees were nearly ecothermic; however, even controlling for body temperature variation, flight metabolic rate scaled hypermetrically across this clade. Despite having a lower mass-specific metabolic rate during flight, smaller bees could carry the same proportional load. Wingbeat frequency did not vary with body size, in contrast to most studies that find wingbeat frequency increases as body size decreases. Smaller stingless bees have a greater relative forewing surface area, which may help them reduce the energy requirements needed to fly. Further, we hypothesize that the relatively larger heads of smaller species may change their body pitch in flight. Synthesizing across all flying insects, we demonstrate that the scaling of flight metabolic rate changes from hypermetric to hypometric at ∼58 mg body mass with hypermetic scaling below (slope = 1.2) and hypometric scaling (slope = 0.67) &gt;58 mg in body mass. The reduced cost of flight likely provides selective advantages for the evolution of small body size in insects. The biphasic scaling of flight metabolic rates and wingbeat frequencies in insects supports the hypothesis that the scaling of metabolic rate is closely related to the power requirements of locomotion and cycle frequencies.
Relationship between Plasma Zinc and Red Blood Cell Zinc Levels in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Rodic Stefan , McCudden Christopher , van Walraven Carl 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient zinc stores are quantified with plasma or red blood cell (RBC) measures. The relationship between these 2 measures of zinc status has not been determined in a broad population of hospitalized patients.MethodsBoth plasma zinc and RBC zinc were prospectively collected and measured in 252 consenting patients admitted urgently to hospital. Plasma and RBC zinc levels were measured within 48 h of admission. We collected demographic, vitals, and laboratory data for use in multivariate regression models that included markers of acute disease severity and systemic inflammation.ResultsPlasma zinc and RBC zinc levels were low in 63% and 10% of hospitalized patients, respectively. Categorized zinc levels based on normal intervals for plasma and RBC zinc values were not related (χ2 0.47 [2 df] P = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between plasma zinc and RBC zinc was −0.09 (P = 0.15). After adjustments for multiple clinical covariates, the correlation coefficient remained insignificant (r = −0.11, P = 0.08). Plasma zinc was inversely associated with markers of inflammation including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and temperature.ConclusionsPatient-specific plasma and RBC zinc are unrelated in hospitalized patients, possibly due to decreased values with acute illness seen in the former but not the latter. Future studies are required to determine which of these measures best predicts outcomes in hospitalized patients.
Bureaucrats and Policies in Equilibrium Administrations
Authors: Forand Jean Guillaume , Ujhelyi Gergely , Ting Michael M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We develop a model of policy making with an endogenous bureaucracy. Parties choose platforms and ideologically differentiated citizens decide whether to enter the public sector, anticipating the platforms that they may be asked to implement. Bureaucrats prefer to work on policies closer to their ideal, and voters judge the performance of an administration taking both politicians’ and bureaucrats’ actions into account. The model provides an equilibrium framework to study the emergence of partisan or neutral bureaucracies and their consequences for government performance. It shows how bureaucratic partisanship can develop in modern civil service systems; why political polarization and bureaucratic partisanship reinforce each other; why bureaucratic neutrality is associated with competitive elections; and why partisanship lowers government efficiency and increases output fluctuations. Our results yield a number of policy implications regarding political appointments, public sector wages, seniority benefits, and recruiting measures that raise the intrinsic motivation of bureaucrats.
Ecological Predictors of Zoonotic Vector Status Among Dermacentor Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): A Trait-Based Approach
Authors: Martin Jessica T , Fischhoff Ilya R , Castellanos Adrian A , Han Barbara A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increasing incidence of tick-borne human diseases and geographic range expansion of tick vectors elevates the importance of research on characteristics of tick species that transmit pathogens. Despite their global distribution and role as vectors of pathogens such as Rickettsia spp., ticks in the genus Dermacentor Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) have recently received less attention than ticks in the genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae). To address this knowledge gap, we compiled an extensive database of Dermacentor tick traits, including morphological characteristics, host range, and geographic distribution. Zoonotic vector status was determined by compiling information about zoonotic pathogens found in Dermacentor species derived from primary literature and data repositories. We trained a machine learning algorithm on this data set to assess which traits were the most important predictors of zoonotic vector status. Our model successfully classified vector species with ~84% accuracy (mean AUC) and identified two additional Dermacentor species as potential zoonotic vectors. Our results suggest that Dermacentor species that are most likely to be zoonotic vectors are broad ranging, both in terms of the range of hosts they infest and the range of ecoregions across which they are found, and also tend to have large hypostomes and be small-bodied as immature ticks. Beyond the patterns we observed, high spatial and species-level resolution of this new, synthetic dataset has the potential to support future analyses of public health relevance, including species distribution modeling and predictive analytics, to draw attention to emerging or newly identified Dermacentor species that warrant closer monitoring for zoonotic pathogens.
Extended surgical resection for nonfunctioning duodenal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Lucandri Giorgio , Fiori Giulia , Lucchese Sara , Pende Vito , Farina Massimo , Giordano Marco , Santoro Emanuele 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) account for &lt;3% of all gastrointestinal NET. Most lesions are small-sized and are located in the first or second duodenal part. Tumoral grading, evaluated by Ki67 index, strongly influences patient’s outcome. Endoscopic resection is recommended for lesions measuring &lt;2 cm, while pancreaticoduodenectomy should be the treatment of choice for large duodenal NET; Whipple procedure should be preferred in case of duodenal origin and contiguity with gastric antrum. Involvement of surrounding structures, as well as the presence of resectable liver metastases, does not contraindicate surgical resection. Herein we report a case of a 68-year-old male, presenting with an extensive mass of the descending pre-ampullary duodenal part, with involvement of the right colon and the presence of a pericholecystic single liver metastasis. In spite of such advanced disease, surgery on the patient was successful, with an uneventful postoperative outcome.
A Universal Travel Risk Assessment Questionnaire: Travel Assessment During COVID-19 Pandemic and Endemicity
Authors: Mothershead Jerry L , Dembek Zygmunt F , Hadeed Steven J , Schwartz-Watjen Kierstyn T , Broadway Katherine M , Tigabu Bersabeh , Woodards Ashley J , Owens Akeisha N , Chekol Tesema , Wu Aiguo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Throughout the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, military commanders have been challenged with providing appropriate travel guidance for their military and civilian personnel and dependents. This guidance, where promulgated, lacks uniformity. Travel aids and computer applications similarly differ and are not updated as often as jurisdictional travel health guidance is changed. Given the ever-evolving Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with differing degrees of infectivity, COVID-19 travel guidance will remain relevant for military travelers during the transition from pandemic to endemic phases and for the foreseeable future.

Materials and Methods
We reviewed all germane travel guidance promulgated by the U.S, Department of Defense; the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and other federal, state, and international agencies. From these materials, we identified and delineated applicable universal components for COVID-19 travel risk and created a universal Travel Risk Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ).

Results
We present a universal TRAQ that identifies and allows for a graded most-appropriate response to known travel risk assessment factors including travel restrictions, travel mode, travel time, travel party size, trip duration, COVID-19 incidence rate at travel destination, lodging, planned activities, personal interaction level, vaccination coverage at destination, travel location, traveler’s vaccination status, previous COVID-19 infection, mask wear compliance, mask type, and work environment, along with additional considerations and post-travel COVID-19 questions. We provide examples of the use of this questionnaire that describe low, medium, and high risk to the traveler for contracting COVID-19.

Conclusion
Our TRAQ provides an easy-to-use format that can enable military, business, or personal travelers to more completely assess their likelihood of COVID-19 exposure and help them to reduce their potential for contracting COVID-19 during travel and subsequently transmitting it to others upon return. It should help commanders and traveling personnel to better assess COVID-19 travel risks through application of known travel risk factors.
Diamonds That on Rocks Do Grow
Authors: McKendry Scott 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the contexts and subtexts of a single anonymous nineteenth-century ballad. Set among the hills overlooking the town, ‘Belfast Mountains’ was revised and republished by a host of English and Scottish printers throughout the late-Georgian era. Although, on the face of it, the song tells a maudlin tale of a ‘maid’ and her ‘inconstant’ lover, close analyses of its many editions—engaging with political concerns around commoditization, language standardization, gender, and the Irish nation—reveal a subtle but potent set of historical undercurrents. In demonstrating how its lyrics subtly retain memories from the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and converse with the wider colonial history of the region, this chapter makes the case that this Belfast song be regarded as an invaluable artefact.
Relationships Between Types of Protective Eyewear and Eye Lens Dose Within Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Nakajima Erika , Sato Hitoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, variations in eye lens dose across different types of protective operator eyewear as well as the most appropriate protective methods when conducting endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were evaluated. The eye lens doses of 10 types of commercially available protective eyewear were compared. The ratio of the measured value near the eye to the measured value at the eye lens position ranged from 0.65 to 5.40 and it varied according to the mounting position of the dosemeter as well as the type of protective eyewear. Thus, the eye lens dose may have been overestimated or underestimated. Regardless of the working conditions, a face shield type of protective eyewear is recommended to reduce the eye lens dose. Moreover, it is preferable to attach a lens dosemeter near the eye to measure and evaluate the eye lens dose.
Abstract 29 Unprecedented Experience of Cord Blood Banking in Ukraine During Russian Invasion in 2022
Authors: Makhinia Andrii , Nasadiuk Khrystyna , Martynenko Serhii 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
On February 24, 2022, Russia started the unprovoked and unjustified attack on the entire territory of Ukraine. Besides tremendous human losses, the war caused the biggest refugee crisis in Europe since World War II. Approximately 7 million people fled the country; women, some pregnant, and children made 90% of them. Cord blood (CB) banking appeared to be an industry especially sensitive to these unprecedented conditions.

Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze the experience of CB banking in Ukraine during the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022.

Methods
Thematic analysis was performed.

Results
Despite the scarce number of hematopoietic stem cell (SC) transplants for blood malignancies performed there, Ukraine has been a country with a developed regenerative medicine program, with dozens of clinical trials applying perinatal tissues SC. Access to SC therapy was one of the main purposes of medical tourists in Ukraine. The Ukraine’s first CB bank launched in 2003 at the Institute of Cell Therapy LLC and was the main supplier of cell and tissue products to state medical institutions in the country. Thus, the consequences of war, such as disrupted logistics (24,000 km of roads and 300 bridges were destroyed during the first 100 days), ruination of hospitals including maternity clinics (almost 700 health facilities were damaged as of June 9, 2022), lack of human staff (men were mobilized for army and women fled the country), and lack of petroleum, made the successful implementation of contracts on CB storage and SC therapy for both Ukrainian and foreign patients sometimes impossible. The lack of liquid nitrogen experienced during the beginning of the war endangered at least 40,000 CB samples stored at Ukrainian CB banks, as well as biological material at fertility clinics.

Discussion
The unprecedented experience of CB bank operation during the war showed that, for safety reasons, CB banking facilities should be located distantly from strategic objects (eg, railways, airports, and military bases), and should have significant reserve storages of liquid nitrogen, generation reserves, bomb shelter. However, having dedicated personnel was the most important factor allowing for the enterprise functioning in force-majeure events.
Pediatric Ventilation Liberation: A Survey of International Practice Among 555 Pediatric Intensivists
Authors: Loberger Jeremy M. , Campbell Caitlin M. , Colleti José , Borasino Santiago , Abu-Sultaneh Samer , Khemani Robinder G. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: September 2022

IMPORTANCE:
Pediatric ventilation liberation has limited evidence, likely resulting in wide practice variation. To inform future work, practice patterns must first be described.

OBJECTIVES:
Describe international pediatric ventilation liberation practices and regional practice variation.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
International cross-sectional electronic survey. Nontrainee pediatric medical and cardiac critical care physicians.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
Practices focusing on spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) eligibility, SBT practice, non-SBT extubation readiness bundle elements, and post-extubation respiratory support.

RESULTS:
Five-hundred fifty-five responses representing 47 countries were analyzed. Most respondents reported weaning followed by an SBT (86.4%). The top SBT eligibility variables reported were positive end-expiratory pressure (95%), Fio
2 (93.4%), and peak inspiratory pressure (73.9%). Most reported use of standardized pressure support regardless of endotracheal tube size (40.4%) with +10 cm H2O predominating (38.6%). SBT durations included less than or equal to 30 minutes (34.8%), 31 minutes to 1 hour (39.3%), and greater than 1 hours (26%). In assigning an SBT result, top variables were respiratory rate (94%), oxygen saturation (89.3%), and subjective work of breathing (79.8%). Most reported frequent consideration of endotracheal secretion burden (81.3%), standardized pain/sedation measurement (72.8%), fluid balance (83%), and the endotracheal air leak test as a part of extubation readiness bundles. Most reported using planned high flow nasal cannula in less than or equal to 50% of extubations (83.2%). Top subpopulations supported with planned HFNC were those with chronic lung disease (67.3%), exposed to invasive ventilation greater than 14 days (66.6%), and chronic critical illness (44.9%). Most reported using planned noninvasive ventilation (NIV) following less than or equal to 20% of extubations (79.9%). Top subpopulations supported with planned NIV were those with neuromuscular disease (72.8%), chronic lung disease (66.7%), and chronic NIV use for any reason (61.6%). Regional variation was high for most practices studied.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE:
International pediatric ventilation liberation practices are heterogeneous. Future study is needed to address key evidence gaps. Many practice differences were associated with respondent region, which must be considered in international study design.
Value of Immunohistochemistry to Differentiate Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma From Acral Hidradenoma With Papillary Structures
Authors: Xavier-Júnior José Cândido Caldeira , Camilo-Júnior Deolino João , Carneiro Dias André Luiz , Marques Ferreira Pedro Paulo , Abdalla Filho Antonio Roberto , Brenn Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Digital papillary adenocarcinoma is a malignant adnexal tumor with a predilection for acral sites. Hidradenoma is a benign solid and cystic sweat gland neoplasm with focal ductal and glandular differentiation and good outcomes. Hidradenomas can occur at acral sites and show papillary structures; for this reason, they are included in the differential diagnosis of digital papillary adenocarcinoma, and immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in this scenario. We described a case of a 43-year-old man with an epithelial tumor showing papillary structures in the intermediate phalanx of the fourth finger. There was diffuse positivity for p63 and negativity for S100 protein, suggesting that this tumor was an acral hidradenoma with papillary structures.
Vaspin Ameliorates Cardiac Remodeling by Suppressing Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Pathway to Improve Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure Rats
Authors: Ji Mingyue , Li Yong , Liu Yun , Ma Genshan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
This study aimed to explore whether vaspin could alleviate cardiac remodeling through attenuating oxidative stress in heart failure rats and to determine the associated signaling pathway. Cardiac remodeling was induced by myocardial infarction, transverse aortic constriction, or angiotensin (Ang) II infusion in vivo, and the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) were treated with Ang II. Vaspin treatment alleviated fibrosis in myocardial infarction, transverse aortic constriction, and Ang II-treated rats. The Ang II-induced increases of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in NRCMs and Ang II-induced increases of collagen I and collagen III in NRCFs were reduced after vaspin treatment. Vaspin administration inhibited the Ang II-induced increases of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, superoxide anions, malondialdehyde, and NADPH oxidases activity in NRCMs and NRCFs. The overexpression of PI3K, Akt, or NADPH oxidases 1 reversed the attenuating effects of vaspin on Ang II-induced elevation of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in NRCMs, as well as Ang II-induced increases of collagen I and collagen III in NRCFs. The administration of wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) or MK2206 (Akt inhibitor) inhibited the oxidative stress induced by Ang II in NRCMs and NRCFs. The above results suggest that vaspin can alleviate cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in heart failure rats. Vaspin attenuates Ang II-induced hypertrophy of NRCMs and fibrosis of NRCFs through suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway to alleviate oxidative stress.