bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paying a Premium for “Green Steel”: Paying for an Illusion?
Authors: Johansson Per-Olov , Kriström Bengt 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe iron and steel industry generates around 10 % of global greenhouse gas emissions. The bulk of the emissions originates from the iron ore reduction. In this reduction, coal is used as a reagent. Steelmakers could switch to hydrogen-based direct reduction using hydrogen instead of coal as a reagent to reduce iron ore to pig iron. This would eliminate the CO2 emissions from the equivalent process in a traditional blast furnace. However, the process requires massive amounts of electricity. This paper looks at the economics of such a switch to “green steel.” We assess a marginal increase in the production of a hypothetical green steelmaker. We also undertake an investment appraisal of a green plant, based on an ongoing installation in Northern Sweden, but also briefly consider a possible/planned investment in the US. This appraisal is complemented by computing the survival function for the net present value in a systematic sensitivity analysis. It seems highly unlikely that a green steel plant can be socially profitable. If the green plant displaces conventional steel produced within the European Union’s cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gases, total emissions remain more or less unaffected; permits and emissions are simply reshuffled. Hence, if end-users of green steel pay a premium, they might pay for an illusion.
The Role of the Neurological Examination in Primary Care Referrals to Neurology
Authors: Reiter-Campeau Sandra , Moore Fraser 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT:Low confidence with the neurological examination may contribute to primary care physicians’ discomfort with neurology and a low threshold to refer patients. We surveyed primary care physicians in Quebec about their last three referrals to neurology to evaluate what role the neurological examination played in their decision. Twenty-six physicians answered concerning 73 patient referrals. We found that primary care physicians use the neurological examination to reinforce their decision but rarely depend on the findings. Our results suggest that improving history-taking rather than examination skills may have more impact on neurology referrals, influencing quality of referral information above quantity of referrals.
Luminescence chronology of fluvial and aeolian deposits from the Emirate of Sharjah, UAE
Authors: Mueller Daniela , Raith Kira , Bretzke Knut , Fülling Alexander , Parker Adrian G. , Parton Ash , Preston Gareth W. , Jasim Sabah , Yousif Eisa , Preusser Frank 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuaternary environments on the Arabian Peninsula shifted between pronounced arid conditions and phases of increased rainfall, which had a profound impact on Earth surface processes. However, while aeolian sediment dynamics are reasonably well understood, there is a lack of knowledge with regard to variability in the fluvial systems. Presented here are the findings from several locations within wadi drainage systems to the west of the Hajar Mountains (United Arab Emirates). The performance of optically stimulated luminescence dating using a customized standardized growth curve approach is investigated, showing that this approach allows reliable determination of ages by reducing the machine time required. Three main periods of fluvial activity occurred at 160–135, 43–34, and ca. 20 ka. Additional ages fall into the latest Pleistocene and Late Holocene. None of the ages coincides with major wet periods in SE Arabia that have been identified in stalagmites and by the deposition of lake sediments. It is shown that fluvial activity was partly contemporaneous (within the given time resolution) with phases of aeolian deposition and was almost continuous, but likely sporadic, during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. This highlights the need for regionally defined paleoenvironmental records to fully understand the response of dryland systems to long-term climatic change.
Nematodes and trematodes associated with terrestrial gastropods in Nottingham, England
Authors: Andrus P. S. , Rae R. , Wade C. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA parasitological survey of terrestrial slugs and snails was conducted at popular dog walking locations across the city of Nottingham, with the intensions of finding gastropods infected with parasites of medical (or veterinary) importance such as lungworm (metastrongyloid nematodes) and trematodes. A total of 800 gastropods were collected from 16 sites over a 225 km2area. The extracted nematodes and trematodes were identified by molecular barcoding. Of the 800 gastropods collected, 227 were infected (172 had nematode infections, 37 had trematode infections and 18 had both nematode and trematode infections). Of the nematode infected gastropods genotyped, seven species were identified,Agfa flexilis,Angiostoma gandavense,Angiostoma margaretae,Cosmocerca longicauda,Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita,Phasmarhabditis neopapillosaand an unknown Cosmocercidae species. Of the trematode infected gastropods genotyped, four species were identified,Brachylaima arcuate,Brachylaima fuscata,Brachylaima mesostomaand an unknown Plagiorchioidea species. No lungworm species were found within the city of Nottingham. To our knowledge, this study represents the first survey of gastropod-associated nematodes and trematodes in the East midlands of the United Kingdom.
Onset conspiracy in Upper Sorbian
Authors: RUBACH JERZY 
Published: November 2022

This article has two goals: descriptive and theoretical. On the descriptive side, the article presents a grammar of gliding and epenthesis of Upper Sorbian. The descriptive goal is worthy because Upper Sorbian has a highly complex but regular and productive system of gliding and epenthesis. Upper Sorbian stands out from a typological point of view because it has ten [sic] different strategies to satisfy Onset.On the theoretical side, the question is whether Optimality Theory that has been designed to solve conspiracies can deal with the complexities of Upper Sorbian. The answer is that it cannot unless it is modified to admit derivational levels. A point of interest is that level 1 in Upper Sorbian must be defined as the root level, not as the expected stem level that includes roots and affixes. Further, it is demonstrated that Itô and Mester’s CrispEdgeconstraint makes wrong predictions for Upper Sorbian, so a new constraint, Multi, is postulated. Also, the analysis bears on the issue of positional markednessversuspositional faithfulness and the question of whether Duke of York derivations should be admitted in phonology.
Overview of renicolid digeneans (Digenea, Renicolidae) from marine gulls of northern Holarctic with remarks on their species statuses, phylogeny and phylogeography
Authors: Galaktionov Kirill V. , Solovyeva Anna I. , Blakeslee April M. H. , Skírnisson Karl 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRenicolid digeneans parasitize aquatic birds. Their intramolluscan stages develop in marine and brackish-water gastropods, while metacercariae develop in molluscs and fishes. The systematics of renicolids is poorly developed, their life cycles are mostly unknown, and the statuses of many species require revision. Here, we establish based on integrated morphological and molecular data that adult renicolids from gulls Larus argentatus and Larus schistisagus and sporocysts and cercariae of Cercaria parvicaudata from marine snails Littorina spp. are life-cycle stages of the same species. We name it Renicola parvicaudatus and synonymized with it Renicola roscovitus. An analysis of the cox1 gene of R. parvicaudatus from Europe, North America and North Asia demonstrates a low genetic divergence, suggesting that this species has formed quite recently (perhaps during last glacial maximum) and that interregional gene flow is high. In Littorina saxatilis and L. obtusata from the Barents Sea, molecular analysis has revealed intramolluscan stages of Cercaria littorinae saxatilis VIII, a cryptic species relative to R. parvicaudatus. In the molecular trees, Renicola keimahuri from L. schistisagus belongs to another clade than R. parvicaudatus. We show that the species of this clade have cercariae of Rhodometopa group and outline morphological and behavioural transformations leading from xiphidiocercariae to these larvae. Molecular analysis has revealed 3 main phylogenetic branches of renicolids, differing in structure of adults, type of cercariae and host range. Our results elucidate the patterns of host colonization and geographical expansion of renicolids and pave the way to the solution of some long-standing problems of their classification.
Reduced magnetic mismatch negativity: a shared deficit in psychosis and related risk
Authors: Valt Christian , Quarto Tiziana , Tavella Angelantonio , Romanelli Fabiola , Fazio Leonardo , Arcara Giorgio , Altamura Mario , Barrasso Giuseppe , Bellomo Antonello , Blasi Giuseppe , Brudaglio Flora , Carofiglio Angela , D'Ambrosio Enrico , Padalino Flavia Antida , Rampino Antonio , Saponaro Alessandro , Semisa Domenico , Suma Domenico , Pergola Giulio , Bertolino Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal auditory processing of deviant stimuli, as reflected by mismatch negativity (MMN), is often reported in schizophrenia (SCZ). At present, it is still under debate whether this dysfunctional response is specific to the full-blown SCZ diagnosis or rather a marker of psychosis in general. The present study tested MMN in patients with SCZ, bipolar disorder (BD), first episode of psychosis (FEP), and in people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR).MethodsSource-based MEG activity evoked during a passive auditory oddball task was recorded from 135 patients grouped according to diagnosis (SCZ, BD, FEP, and CHR) and 135 healthy controls also divided into four subgroups, age- and gender-matched with diagnostic subgroups. The magnetic MMN (mMMN) was analyzed as event-related field (ERF), Theta power, and Theta inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC).ResultsThe clinical group as a whole showed reduced mMMN ERF amplitude, Theta power, and Theta ITPC, without any statistically significant interaction between diagnosis and mMMN reductions. The mMMN subgroup contrasts showed lower ERF amplitude in all the diagnostic subgroups. In the analysis of Theta frequency, SCZ showed significant power and ITPC reductions, while only indications of diminished ITPC were observed in CHR, but no significant decreases characterized BD and FEP.ConclusionsSignificant mMMN alterations in people experiencing psychosis, also for diagnoses other than SCZ, suggest that this neurophysiological response may be a feature shared across psychotic disorders. Additionally, reduced Theta ITPC may be associated with risk for psychosis.
Cost-containment long-term care policies for older people across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): a scoping review
Authors: Gori Cristiano , Luppi Matteo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, the government has to manage tension between growth in the need for long-term care (LTC) services for older people and significant public budget constraints. Not surprisingly, therefore, cost-containment policies are of increasing relevance. Nevertheless, despite the flourishing interest in the comparative literature in reforms and the sustainability of LTC policies, a scoping review of these measures has so far not been produced. This article aims to contribute to filling this gap. We present a typology of LTC cost-containment policies across the OECD. Cost-containment policies cluster in two areas according to their focus: demand-side policies, which reduce the actual chances of receiving LTC services and/or make them more expensive for users; and supply-side ones, which modify the provision of services. Furthermore, an indirect outcome of the review is that it allows an overview of potential negative implications of these policies. These negative implications can be grouped in two macro spheres relating to a worsening of the care arrangements for beneficiaries and to increased demand for individual/family resources, in both economic and time and effort terms. In the light of the expected profound impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on all social security sectors in the medium and long term, this article provides a valuable tool for both academic and policy-making debate. It allows an analytical comprehension of cost-containment strategies adopted in LTC sectors linking them with the related impacts on beneficiaries and their families.
Can we use existing guidance to support the development of robust real-world evidence for health technology assessment/payer decision-making?
Authors: Capkun Gorana , Corry Sorcha , Dowling Oonagh , Asad Zadeh Vosta Kolaei Fatemeh , Takyar Shweta , Furtado Cláudia , Jónsson Páll , Kleinermans Diane , Lambert Laurie , Schiel Anja , Facey Karen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdvances in the digitization of health systems and expedited regulatory approvals of innovative treatments have led to increased potential for the use of real-world data (RWD) to generate real-world evidence (RWE) to complement evidence from clinical trials. However, health technology assessment (HTA) bodies and payers have concerns about the ability to generate RWE of sufficient quality to be pivotal evidence of relative treatment effectiveness. Consequently, there is a growing need for HTA bodies and payers to develop guidance for the industry and other stakeholders about the use of RWD/RWE to support access, reimbursement, and pricing. We therefore sought to (i) understand barriers to the use of RWD/RWE by HTA bodies and payers; (ii) review potential solutions in the form of published guidance; and (iii) review findings with selected HTA/payer bodies. Four themes considered key to shaping the generation of robust RWE for HTA bodies and payers were identified as: (i) data (availability, governance, and quality); (ii) methodology (design and analytics); (iii) trust (transparency and reproducibility); and (iv) policy and partnerships. A range of guidance documents were found from trusted sources that could address these themes. These were discussed with HTA experts. This commentary summarizes the potential guidance solutions available to help resolve issues faced by HTA decision-makers in the adoption of RWD/RWE. It shows that there is alignment among stakeholders about the areas that need improvement in the development of RWE and that the key priority to move forward is better collaboration to make data usable for multiple purposes.
Considerations for transferability of health technology assessments: a scoping review of tools, methods, and practices
Authors: Heupink Lieke Fleur , Peacocke Elizabeth Fleur , Sæterdal Ingvil , Chola Lumbwe , Frønsdal Katrine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Health technology assessment (HTA) is commonly used to guide evidence-informed decisions to optimize resource use, prioritize policies, and support countries to achieve universal health coverage. Producing HTAs requires time, scientific expertise, and political commitment, but these are not available in all settings – especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where HTA processes may be less institutionalized. Transferring and adapting existing HTAs to local settings may offer a solution while reducing duplication efforts. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of tools, methods, approaches, and considerations which can aid HTA transfers. We systematically searched (from 2005 to 2020) six databases and, using predefined inclusion criteria, included twenty-two studies. Data extraction followed a structured process, while synthesis was more iterative. We identified a common approach for HTA transfers. It follows the de novo process of undertaking original HTAs, but with additional steps to assess relevance (applicability), quality, and transferability, as well as steps to adapt parameters where necessary. The EUnetHTA Adaptation Toolkit was the only tool that provided guidance for adapting multiple HTA domains. Other tools were specific to systematic reviews (n = 1) or economic evaluations (n = 12), where one provided guidance for systematic reviews of economic evaluations. Eight papers reported transferring an HTA, with only one transferring to an LMIC. Finally, we reported issues that may facilitate or hinder transferability. In conclusion, we identified fourteen transfer approaches in the form of guidance or checklists, but harmonized and pragmatic guidance for HTA transfers to suit settings with limited HTA capacity seems warranted.
The complexity epistemology and ontology in second language acquisition: A critical review
Authors: Han ZhaoHong , Kang Eun Young , Sok Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComplex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST), an instantiation in applied linguistics of complexity epistemology that transcends disciplinary boundaries, has gained much traction and momentum over the last decade, finding expressions in a fast-growing number of empirical second language developmental studies. However, the literature, while rapidly expanding, has displayed much confusion, notably oscillating between invoking CDST as a metatheory and as an object theory. Then, too, the metaphorical genesis of CDST—the metaphorical adoption of complexity epistemology from physical sciences—has seemed to invite miscellaneous interpretations, rendering CDST an ostensibly all-in-one conceptual prism. This article explores the epistemology of CDST, tracing its ontology and examining its role in second language developmental research. This enables a more nuanced understanding of CDST, while at once surfacing critical issues and directions for future research, as it moves toward a pluralistic approach to investigating CDST as a potentially unique lens on second language development.
Germination responses in Zephyranthes tubispatha seeds exposed to different thermal conditions and the role of antioxidant metabolism and several phytohormones in their control
Authors: Acosta María Cecilia , Manfreda Vilma Teresa , Alcaraz María Luciana , Alemano Sergio , Causin Humberto Fabio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractZephyranthes tubispatha is an ornamental species distributed along several countries of South America. Although it can be multiplied through bulbs or scales, seed germination is a simpler and more cost-effective process. Temperature plays a major role in the control of germination; however, its effect has been scarcely investigated in this species. In the present work, we characterized the germination responses of Z. tubispatha seeds to different temperatures and analyzed the role of key components of the antioxidant metabolism and phytohormones in their control. Seeds showed an optimal temperature range for germination between 14 and 20°C, with higher temperatures (HTs) being progressively inhibitory. While germination was almost nil above 28°C, it could be recovered after transferring the seeds to 20°C, suggesting that thermoinhibition was the underlying phenomenon. The duration of the HT incubation period affected both the time to germination onset and the germination rate at 20°C. Similarly, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the production of reactive oxygen species in the embryo and the sensitivity to some germination promoters varied depending on the duration of the HT treatment. The addition of 20 μM fluridone was sufficient to recover germination dynamics as in the control treatment when given after a long-term incubation period (25 d) at HT. Ethephon supply was more effective than gibberellins to suppress thermoinhibition, suggesting that changes in the balance and/or sensitivity to ethylene and abscisic acid over time play an important role in the regulation of germination responses to thermal cues in this species.
‘To be had for a Pesthouse for the use of this parish’: plague pesthouses in early Stuart London, c. 1600–1650
Authors: Columbus Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe use of the pesthouse in early modern England has received limited attention by scholars, in particular, how it was used in London. The study of the pesthouse tells us about the nature of parochial government in the capital, the early development of public health policies and the relationship between national and civic authorities and the suburban parishes, where plague was a long-term problem and intersected forcefully with poverty. This article explores how suburban parishes used the pesthouse in their repertoire of response to plague between c. 1600 and 1650, which is situated in the context of experiments with the pesthouse in England's provincial towns and cities. The article considers the development of the City of London's pesthouse in St Giles Cripplegate, its limited use by suburban parishes under the City's jurisdiction, and the establishment of a local pesthouse by some suburban parishes beyond the jurisdiction of the City.
Sixteen-year trends in adolescent consumption of sugar-sweetened soda in six European countries with a soda tax and comparison countries: a repeated cross-sectional survey analysis
Authors: Chatelan Angeline , Rouche Manon , Dzielska Anna , Fismen Anne-Siri , Kelly Colette , Pedroni Camille , Desbouys Lucille , Castetbon Katia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjective:To examine changes in the proportions of daily, weekly and occasional consumers of sugar-sweetened soda in six European countries that introduced/updated a tax between 2001–2002 and 2017–2018 and in neighbouring comparison countries (without a tax).Design:Repeated cross-sectional surveys.Setting:Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, spanning five survey years (school years 2001–2002 to 2017–2018).Participants:Nationally representative samples of 13-year- and 15-year-old adolescents (n 236 623, 51·0 % girls).Results:Tax sizes (€0·02/l to €0·22/l) and pre-tax soda consumption were heterogeneous across countries. Prevalence of daily soda consumption reduced in the survey year following tax implementation in Latvia (from 17·9 to 11·9 %, P = 0·01), Finland (4·2 to 2·5 %, P = 0·001), Belgium (35·1 to 27·8 %, P < 0·001) and Portugal (17·4 to 14·9 %, P = 0·02), but not in Hungary (29·8 to 31·3 %, P = 0·47) or France (29·4 to 28·2 %, P = 0·27). However, reductions were similar (Finland) or smaller (Belgium, Portugal) than those in the comparison countries, except in Latvia where the reduction was larger (Pinteraction < 0·001). Prevalence of weekly soda consumption remained stable (Finland, Hungary and France) or increased (Latvia, Belgium); only Portugal experienced a decline (P < 0·001), which was larger than in the comparison country (Pinteraction < 0·001). Prevalence of occasional soda consumption (<1x/week) did not rise after implementation of the tax in Latvia, Finland, Hungary, France or Belgium, or the rise was similar to the comparison country in Portugal (Pinteraction = 0·15).Conclusions:Countries with a soda tax did not experience larger beneficial changes in post-tax adolescent consumption frequency of soda than comparison countries. Further studies, with different taxation types, are needed in the adolescent population.