bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of scientometric data and publication policies of ophthalmology journals
Authors: Ay İbrahim Ethem , Tazegul Gokhan , Duranoğlu Yaşar 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
This retrospective database analysis study aims to present the scientometric data of journals publishing in the field of ophthalmology and to compare the scientometric data of ophthalmology journals according to the open access (OA) publishing policies.

Methods:
The scientometric data of 48 journals were obtained from Clarivate Analytics InCites and Scimago Journal & Country Rank websites. Journal impact factor (JIF), Eigenfactor score (ES), scientific journal ranking (SJR), and Hirsch index (HI) were included. The OA publishing policies were separated into full OA with publishing fees, full OA without fees, and hybrid OA. The fees were stated as US dollars (USD).

Results:
Four scientometric indexes had strong positive correlations; the highest correlation coefficients were observed between the SJR and JIF (R = 0.906) and the SJR and HI (R = 0.798). However, journals in the first quartile according to JIF were in the second and third quartiles according to the SJR and HI and in the fourth quartile in the ES. The OA articles published in hybrid journals received a median of 1.17-fold (0.15–2.71) more citations. Only HI was higher in hybrid OA; other scientometric indexes were similar with full OA journals. Full OA journals charged a median of 1525 USD lower than hybrid journals.

Conclusion:
Full OA model in ophthalmology journals does not have a positive effect on the scientometric indexes. In hybrid OA journals, choosing to publish OA may increase citations, but it would be more accurate to evaluate this on a journal basis.
Vitamin B12 deficiency in a large cohort of healthcare professionals across the network of an eyecare organization in India
Authors: Nandyala Sushma , Mohamed Ashik , Bhargava Archana , Chaurasia Sunita , Senthil Sirisha , Vaddavalli Pravin K 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate Vitamin B12 levels in healthcare professionals at a tertiary eyecare centre in India.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare professionals working at a tertiary eyecare centre in India. The sample included 2,374 employees. Chemiluminescent immunoassay method (reference range, 211–911 pg/ml) was used to assess serum vitamin B12 levels. Effect of age and gender was analyzed in vitamin B12 normal and vitamin B12 deficient groups. To evaluate risk factors, questions related to vitamin B12 deficiency were asked to the study participants in a survey.

Results:
The mean age of employees was 29.2 ± 0.7 years. Around 26% of them were vitamin B12 deficient. The proportion of males in the vitamin B12 deficient group (61.2%) was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of the vitamin B12 normal group (44.9%). There was no effect of age on vitamin B12 levels in both vitamin B12 normal and vitamin B12 deficient groups. Mean vitamin B12 levels in males (289.1 ± 22.2 pg/ml) was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than that of females (338.7 ± 30.0 pg/ml).

Conclusion:
This is the first such study on eyecare professionals. One-fourth of the eyecare professionals were vitamin B12 deficient. The proportion of males was higher in the vitamin B12 deficiency group. Males had lower vitamin B12 levels than females. Annual blood tests for vitamin B12 are recommended for timely diagnosis and management of vitamin B12 deficiency, particularly in males.
Ocular sequelae in severe COVID-19 recovered patients of second wave
Authors: Dipu Taw , Goel Ruchi , Arora Ritu , Thakar Meenakshi , Gautam Akanksha , Shah Shalin , Gupta Yashi , Chhabra Mohit , Kumar Sumit , Singh Kirti , Kumar Suresh , Garg Sandeep , Singh Harpreet , Pant Rashmi 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the retinal microvascular changes in patients, recovered from severe COVID-19 during the second wave of the pandemic in North India.

Methods:
In this observational cross-sectional study, 70 eyes of 35 patients who recovered from severe COVID-19 during the second wave underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluation 4–6 weeks after discharge. Twelve controls were also enrolled, and the difference in the findings between the case and control groups on optical coherence tomography (OCTA) were studied.

Result:
The ages of study participants ranged from 27 to 60 years with the male:female ratio being 1.05:1. The fundus changes suggestive of ischemia in the form of cotton wool spots and vascular tortuosity were seen in 25 eyes (35.71%). Increased venous tortuosity was the most common finding seen in 23 eyes (32.85%), of which 10 eyes (28.57%) had concurrent hypertensive retinopathy (HTR) changes. There was a significant reduction in the mean vascular density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) for both the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) at inner, outer ring, and whole (P < 0.05). Foveal avascular zone was significantly enlarged in both the SCP (P = 0.01) and the DCP (P = 0.03). The mean ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) was significantly reduced in comparison to controls (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Severe COVID-19 can result in microvascular changes at the macula in the form of reduction in vascular and perfusion density, which can be evaluated using OCTA. As structural changes precede functional changes, a close watch is recommended in patients showing compromise in retinal microvasculature.
Twitter sentiment analysis for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis
Authors: Singh Maneet , Dhillon Hennaav Kaur , Ichhpujani Parul , Iyengar Sudarshan , Kaur Rishemjit 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) was a serious public health problem during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. We planned to analyze public perceptions by sentiment analysis of Twitter data regarding CAM.

Methods:
In this observational study, the application programming interface (API) provided by the Twitter platform was used for extracting real-time conversations by using keywords related to mucormycosis (colloquially known as “black fungus”), from May 3 to August 29, 2021. Lexicon-based sentiment analysis of the tweets was done using the Vader sentiment analysis tool. To identify the overall sentiment of a user on any given topic, an algorithm to label a user “k” based on their sentiments was used.

Results:
A total of 4,01,037 tweets were collected between May 3 and August 29, 2021, and the peak frequency of 1,60,000 tweets was observed from May 17 to May 23, 2021. Positive sentiment tweets constituted a larger share as compared to negative sentiment tweets, with weekly variations. A temporal analysis of the demand for utilities showed that the demand was high in the initial period but decreased with time, which was associated with the availability of resources.

Conclusion:
Sentiment analysis using Twitter data revealed that social media platforms are gaining popularity to express one’s emotions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In our study, time-based assessment of tweets showed a reduction over time in the frequency of negative sentiment tweets. The polarization in the retweet network of users, based on sentiment polarity, showed that the users were well connected, highlighting the fact that such issues bond our society rather than segregating it.
Online Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Critical care Teaching: A Pilot Study
Authors: Huang Chu-Lin , Wang Hai-Jun , Qu Shi-Ning , Zhang Hao , Wang Hao , Xing Xue-Zhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of online objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in critical care teaching.

Methods:
This is a self-controlled prospective study performed in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from 2020 to 2021. Consecutive students came from various surgical departments. Online tests were conducted for each student pre-and post-ICU round. There were three spots in online OSCE including clinical case, electrocardiography and chest X-ray.

Results:
Twenty-four students completed the tests. The median age is 27 years (24-28) in the cohort. There are 18 males and 6 females. Of twenty-four students, 7 came from department of neurologic or head-neck surgery, 3 from department of thoracic surgery, 12 from department of abdominal surgery, and 2 from others. There was significant difference in scores between pre-round and post-round ICU test in the chest X-ray spot, which was 3.33±4.81 and 6.67±4.81 respectively (P = 0.029). Scores in the postround ICU test in the electrocardiography spot was higher than that in the pre-round test (5.85±5.05 vs. 8.33±3.80)however no significance was reached (P = 0.056). There was no significant difference in the scores between pre-round and post-round ICU test in the clinical case spot (63.33±18.33 vs 71.67 ± 13.07, P = 0.116). Lastly, there were significant differences in total scores between pre-round and post-round ICU test (72.50±19.83 vs 86.67±13.40, P = 0.019).

Conclusions:
Online OSCE was feasible in the teaching evaluation of surgical rotation residents in ICU. Surgery rotation residents in ICU should receive more training in electrocardiography and chest X-ray.
Nerve Anomalies Associated with Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve during Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Pookunju Ansar Pullampara , Prasanth Arun , Salih Surij 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Nerve injuries are serious complications encountered during thyroidectomy. Nerve anomalies possess a high risk of injury during surgery. Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) is a rare embryologically derived variant of RLN with an incidence of 0.5%–0.7% in thyroid surgeries. It directly enters into the larynx immediately after arising from the cervical vagus nerve. It is usually associated with subclavian artery abnormalities. However, here, we are going to discuss various other anomalies which we encountered during total thyroidectomy. This study aims to highlight the knowledge of likelihood of NRLN and other associated anomalies to avert iatrogenic nerve injury.

Materials and Methods:
We herein present nine cases of RLN abnormalities we encountered during total thyroidectomy.

Results:
Different variations of RLN were observed in our series of thyroidectomies which are explained in the figures attached.

Conclusions:
Surgeons should be always cautious while dissection and identify the external branch of superior laryngeal nerve EBSLN and RLN during thyroidectomies for thyroid malignancies, which will reduce the risk of its injury. Significant morbidity of the patient can be reduced by the knowledge of various anatomical variations in nerve and proper surgical technique.
Validity of Mannheim Peritonitis Index Score in Patients with Secondary Peritonitis
Authors: Sreedath M. , Rajesh M. R. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
Peritonitis accounts for 1% of emergent hospital admissions and overall mortality is 6% to 35% in patients who develop severe sepsis. Many scoring systems have been introduced to grade peritonitis. The Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) is a special scoring system of parameters such as age; gender; duration, severity and extent of peritonitis; the presence of malignancy; and organ failure. This assesses the validity of MPI for the prediction of outcome in patients with perforation peritonitis.

Methodology:
A one-group cohort study was conducted from August 2019 to August 2020, and included 175 patients with suspected hollow viscus perforation who underwent surgery in a tertiary care centre. Patients were grouped into three categories after calculating their MPI score based on disease severity - MPI <21, between 21 and 29 and >29 and followed up until discharge or death. Mortality and mortality rates were calculated and data analysed.

Results:
In 175 patients with secondary peritonitis, a bimodal distribution was noted with peaks in age groups of 20–30 (20.6%) and 50–60 (19.4%). Appendicular perforation dominated in the age groups 10–40, followed by gastric perforation in the 50–80 groups. Males were 70.9% and females 29.1%. The majority had appendicular perforation (37.7%) followed by stomach (30.9%) and duodenum (18.3%). Patients with MPI score <21 had 0% mortality, score 21–29 had 4.5% mortality and >29 had mortality of 87% (P < 0.001). Patients with morbidity such as surgical site infection (SSI), pneumonia, enterocutaneous fistula had an MPI score > 29 (P < 0.001). For the MPI score of 25, sensitivity was 78% and specificity was 84.86%, with a positive likelihood ratio of 7.93 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.303.

Conclusion:
There is a bimodal distribution of secondary peritonitis with peaks in age groups of 20–30 and 50––60 years. There is a male preponderance and a statistically significant association of MPI with mortality in secondary peritonitis and morbidity like SSI s, pneumonia and enterocutaneous fistula.
Rapid Urease Test in the Diagnosis of Pylori Infection
Authors: Thasneem H. , Sidhic K. A. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important causes of the varied spectrum of gastroduodenal diseases. At present, several diagnostic techniques are available to identify infection with H. pylori, including rapid urease test (RUT).

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate RUT in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in patients with upper GI symptoms suspecting peptic ulcer disease.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective study done in department of gastroenterology. Patients of both the sexes in the age group 18–60 years, attending with upper gastrointestinal symptoms suspecting peptic ulcer disease, during a period of 1 year were enrolled in the study.

Results:
Two ninety-one patients were included, 59% of male, with a mean age of 48.31 ± 15.79 years old. Most common identifiable lesions at endoscopy were antral erosion and gastritis. Significant association was observed between RUT results and biopsy findings. The study proves that positive result of RUT for H. pylori means 5.78 times chance of getting a positive finding in histology. Even though sensitivity of RUT for H. pylori infection was low, specificity was much higher. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for RUT were, respectively, 41.12%, 88.3%, 71% and 68.47%, which was improved when patients taking proton-pump inhibitors were excluded.

Conclusion:
RUT positive alone of H. pylori infection is not sufficient as it has a low sensitivity and speciﬁcity. A negative RUT result does not fully exclude an active infection hence would need other tests like histology to confirm.
Association of Low-Lying Pubic Tubercle with Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Chirayath Manu Jose , Chisthi Meer M 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Low-lying pubic tubercle can lead to narrow origin of internal oblique muscle and alteration in structural anatomy making the shutter mechanism of internal oblique ineffective and predispose to inguinal hernia.

Methods:
A case–control study was done to find the prevalence of inguinal hernia in patients with low pubic tubercle. Twenty-two cases and 22 control male patients with symptomatic uncomplicated inguinal hernia were studied. Distance between two anterior superior iliac spines and vertical distance from pubic tubercle to the inter-spinous spine were measured. The relation of these lines to patients' height and weight and to each other was calculated.

Results:
The mean value of spine to spine distance was 26.32 cm in cases and 25.86 cm in controls. The mean distance of this line from pubic tubercle was 7.82 cm in cases and 6.77 cm in controls. Vertical distance from the pubic tubercle to inter-spinous line and its ratio with height and weight were found to be significantly associated with inguinal hernia by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:
People with low-lying pubic tubercle have a less efficient protective mechanism of inguinal canal and thus greater predisposition for inguinal hernia. Pelvimetric assessment can be used to pick up susceptible adults to plan early surgery and to decide about prophylactic repair of uninvolved contra-lateral side.
Recurrent Varicose Veins - Radiological and Operative Profile from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Sundaram Anil , Sreekumar R. C. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Recurrent varicose vein (RVV) still remains a complex, debilitating, common clinical condition despite the advances in imaging technology and operative techniques. The prevalence of developing recurrence ranges from 5% to 65% over a time period of 5–15 years.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to identify the radiological patterns and operative profile leading to RVV.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-eight patients were included in our study who presented with RVV from 1 January 2019 to 1 January 2021.

Results:
Recurrence was identified in 19 patients post-Trendelenburg (TBG) procedure and perforator ligation, 5 patients post-TBG and stripping above knee, 3 patients post-TBG and sclerotherapy for perforators and 1 case post-endovenous LASER therapy. RVV developed in a time span from 1 to 15 years.

Conclusion:
TBG along with just perforator ligation has high chance of recurrence, and thorough knowledge regarding the tributaries and anomalous connections at saphenofemoral junction is of utmost importance in primary surgical management of varicose veins.
A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Ultrasonic Dissection with Electrocautery for Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ranjith Siva , Peter Arun , Muralee Madhu , Augustine Paul , Prabhakar Jem 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Morbidity of axillary dissection includes prolonged lymphatic drainage, surgical site infections, haematoma, flap necrosis and seroma. These complications are likely to delay wound healing and thereby delay administration of adjuvant treatments. Ultrasonic dissection device, the Harmonic Scalpel@, is a recent addition into the breast. Ultrasonic dissection reduces blood loss and reduces post-operative drain and seroma formation, without the use of surgical clips and ties. We hypothesised that axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) performed with ultrasonic dissection will decrease post-operative drain volume and number of days the patient is put on drain. Here, we present our randomised controlled trial study to compare the outcomes of ALND using ultrasonic dissection (harmonic scalpel) with standard electrocautery.

Methods:
A total of 113 patients were randomised to two arms - the control arm underwent ALND by standard electrocautery dissection and the experimental arm underwent axillary dissection with ultrasonic scalpel. The primary objectives were (1) to measure the total post-operative drainage volume and (2) the total number of days with drain.

Results:
The total drainage was significantly less in the intervention arm with a P = 0.015. However, the total number of days on drain was not significantly different in both the arms. The drainage on the 1st post-operative day, which indirectly measures haemostatic capacity, was also not different between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Although ultrasonic dissection of the axilla significantly reduces the total drain output, the total days the patients spent with drain in situ was not significantly different. The operating time was significantly increased with ultrasonic dissection. Hence, with this study, the routine use of ultrasonic dissection could not be recommended.
Diagnostic Yield of Barium Swallow on the Face of Normal Oesophagoduodenogastroscopy
Authors: Al-Amin Azzam , Shiwani Muhammad Hanif 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
We aim to investigate the diagnostic benefit of barium swallow in patients who have already undergone oesophagoduodenogastroscopy (OGD), with normal findings.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected for clinical indication and results of barium swallow. These were compared with the OGD findings and recorded on an excel spreadsheet. The time period was August 2016–November 2016 (15 weeks).

Results:
One hundred and nine cases were identified. Of those, 33 were excluded as they did not have an OGD during the period of a barium swallow. A total of 76 were reviewed. There were 51 females and 25 males. The median age was 57 years (21–97 years).
Analysis of barium swallow findings in patients with normal OGD:

Conclusion:
Barium swallow can be a useful additional diagnostic test, even when OGD findings are normal, in patients with symptoms of dysphagia, reflux and dysmotility.
Kebijakan Pembiayaan Pendidikan Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Di Sudan
Authors: Yunita Yenni , Bakar Abu , Karim Nazir 
Published: May 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kebijakan pendidikan pada lembaga pendidikan Islam di Sudan. Negara ini mengalami konflik dan krisis yang berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakatnya terutama aspek pendidikan yang telah menghambat pendidikan bagi sebagian besar anak-anak. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan mengumpulkan data dari buku dan artikel yang terkakit dengan menggunakan metode analisis yaitu analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini terlihat bahwa pendidikan di Sudan digratiskan dan diwajibkan bagi seluruh anak-anak yang berusia dari 6 tahun hingga 13 tahun. Pada bidang pendidikan formal, Sudan memeliki beberapa universitas terkemuka yang telah berusia puluhan tahun bahkan ratusan tahun. Kemudian Bidang Pendidikan non-formal terdapat beberapa majelis ilmu yang menerapkan sistem talaqqi melalui para Masyaikh. Untuk pembiyaan pendidikan di samping di peroleh dari uang Negara juga di peroleh dari kebijakan system Wakaf dengan manajemen wakaf bernama Badan Wakaf Islam telah diberi wewenang yang luas dalam mengatur dan melaksanakan semua tugas yang berhubungan dengan wakaf yang sangat membantu pelaksanaan pendidikan yang ada di negara ini.
Spousal violence against women in Afghanistan: Bivariate mapping of correlates
Authors: Masood Ali Shaikh  
Published: May 2022

genesis to deeply entrenched socio-cultural norms. In this study 2015 Demographic and Health Survey data for Afghanistan was used to calculate the provincial prevalence and two correlates of spousal violence, and their bivariate mapping. Large differences were present in the provincial prevalence of spousal violence, having witnessed their father ever beat their mother, and acceptance of spousal violence by the currently or ever married women aged 15-49 years. In general, bivariate maps showed strong associations between spousal violence against women, its acceptance by women, and having witnessed their father beat their mother by ever married women. In an easily comprehensible manner, these maps underscore ensuring better quality of life in marital settings, higher and more equal social stature of women, and protecting their basic human rights would entail legal, social, and cultural paradigm shift.
Keywords: Domestic Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, Afghanistan, Women, Abuse.
Lipokathexis: A fat paradox
Authors: Sanjay Kalra  , Saurabh Arora  , Nitin Kapoor  
Published: May 2022

'Lipokathexis' is derived from the term 'Lipo' meaning fat and 'kathexis' which means retention. We propose this name for describing a clinical situation wherein despite excessive stores of fat are noted in the body but lower levels of circulating lipids are present in the blood. Different disease conditions that express such a phenotype including Tangier's disease, metabolic healthy obesity and those coming under the domain of obesity paradox have been described in this manuscript. This paper will invoke the readers interest on different facets of lipid metabolism in context of metabolic medicine and explore this concept of "Fat Paradox".
Keywords: Cholesterol, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, LDL cholesterol, myelokathexis, Tangier's disease.