bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Br Vacancy Defects Healed Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaic Modules with Certified Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 36%
Authors: Zhang Cuiling , Liu Chong , Gao Yanyan , Zhu Shusheng , Chen Fang , Huang Boyuan , Xie Yi , Liu Yaqing , Ma Mengen , Wang Zhen , Wu Shaohang , Schropp Ruud E. I. , Mai Yaohua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are expected to power the Internet of Things ecosystem, which is attracting ever‐increasing attention as part of the rapidly developing distributed communications and electronics technology. The power conversion efficiency of IPVs strongly depends on the match between typical indoor light spectra and the band gap of the light absorbing layer. Therefore, band‐gap tunable materials, such as metal‐halide perovskites, are specifically promising candidates for approaching the indoor illumination efficiency limit of ∼56%. However, perovskite materials with ideal band gap for indoor application generally contain high bromine (Br) contents, causing inferior open‐circuit voltage (VOC). By fabricating a series of wide‐bandgap perovskites (Cs0.17FA0.83PbI3−xBrx, 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.6) with varying Br contents and related band gaps, it is found that, the high Br vacancy (VBr) defect density is a significant reason that leading to large VOC deficits apart from the well‐accepted halide segregation. The introduction of I‐rich alkali metal small‐molecule compounds is demonstrated to suppress the VBr and increase the VOC of perovskite IPVs up to 1.05 V under 1000 lux light‐emitting diode illumination, one of the highest VOC values reported so far. More importantly, the modules are sent for independent certification and have gained a record efficiency of 36.36%.
0.5 m Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Blue Energy Harvesting of All‐Sea Areas
Authors: Feng Junrui , Zhou Hanlin , Cao Zhi , Zhang Enyang , Xu Shuxing , Li Wangtao , Yao Huilu , Wan Linyu , Liu Guanlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to harvest ocean wave blue energy is flourishing, yet the research horizon has been limited to centimeter‐level TENG. Here, for the first time, a TENG shell is advanced for ocean energy harvesting to 0.5 m and an excellent frictional areal density of 1.03 cm−1 and economies of scale are obtained. The unique structure of the multi‐arch shape is adopted to untie the difficulty of fully getting the extensive friction layer contact. An inside steel plate is vertically placed in the center of every TENG block, which can activate the TENG to achieve complete contact even at a tilt angle of 7 degrees. The proposed half‐meter TENG (HM‐TENG) has a broad response band from 0.1 to 2 Hz, a total transferred charge quantity up to 67.2 µC, and one single TENG can deliver an open‐circuit voltage of 368 V. Coupled with the self‐stabilizing and susceptible features the ellipsoid shell brings, the HM‐TENG can readily accommodate itself to the all‐weather, all‐sea wave energy harvesting. Muchmore, the HM‐TENG is also applied to RF signal transmitters. This work takes the first step toward near‐meter‐scale enclosures and provides a new direction for large‐scale wave energy harvesting.
Measuring food insecurity: An introduction to tools for human biologists and ecologists
Authors: Piperata Barbara A. , Scaggs Shane A. , Dufour Darna L. , Adams Ingrid K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity is a significant and growing concern undermining the wellbeing of 30% of the global population. Food in/security is a complex construct consisting of four dimensions: availability, access, utilization, and stability, making it challenging to measure. We provide a toolkit human biologists/ecologists can use to advance research on this topic.MethodsWe review the strengths and limitations of common tools used to measure food access and utilization, the two dimensions most proximate to people's lived experience, and emphasize tools that provide data needed to best link food security with human biological outcomes. We also discuss methods that provide contextual data human biologists/ecologists will find useful for study design, ensuring instrument validity, and improving data quality.ResultsFood access is principally measured using experience‐based instruments that emphasize economic access. Social access, such as food sharing, is under‐studied and we recommend using social network analysis to explore this dimension. In terms of utilization, emphasis has been on food choice measured as dietary diversity. Food preparation and intrahousehold distribution, also part of the utilization dimension, are less studied and standardized instruments for measuring both are lacking. The embodiment of food insecurity has focused on child growth, although a growing literature addresses adult mental wellbeing and chronic and infectious disease risk.ConclusionsWe see the potential to expand outcomes to include reproductive and immune function, physical activity, and the gut microbiome. Human biologists/ecologists are well‐positioned to advance understanding of the human health impacts of food insecurity and provide data to support intervention efforts.
Celiac disease prevalence and predisposing‐HLA in a cohort of 93 Williams‐Beuren syndrome patients
Authors: Ghisleni Cecilia , Parma Barbara , Cianci Paola , De Paoli Anita , Pangallo Elisabetta , Agovino Teresa , Cereda Anna , Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Villa Roberta , Fossati Chiara , Modena Piergiorgio , Giudici Carolina , Morando Carla , Memo Luigi , Onesimo Roberta , Zampino Giuseppe , Salvatore Silvia , Agosti Massimo , Selicorni Angelo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWilliams‐Beuren syndrome is considered to be at increased risk for celiac disease, as for recent literature data and celiac disease guidelines, despite pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Our study analyzed the prevalence of autoimmune disorders, HLA DQ2 and/or DQ8 haplotypes, of transglutaminase antibodies and of diagnosis of celiac disease in a cohort of 93 Williams‐Beuren syndrome's patients (mean age 21.26 years). Our study showed an increased prevalence of celiac disease equal to 10.8% (10/93 patients). We did not find a significant different frequency of predisposing HLA in subjects with Williams‐Beuren syndrome compared to literature data in the general population (49.5% vs. 42.9%, with p > .1), nor a susceptibility to autoimmunity. This suggests that the increased prevalence of celiac disease in Williams‐Beuren syndrome cannot be ascribed to HLA haplotype and may be related to other factors that still need to be identified in these patients.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Intermolecular C(sp3)−H Amidation
Authors: Chen Jinhong , Wang Hao , Day Craig S. , Martin Ruben 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed site‐selective intermolecular amidation of saturated C(sp3)−H bonds is reported. This mild protocol exhibits a predictable reactivity pattern to incorporate amide functions at C(sp3)−H sites adjacent to nitrogen and oxygen atoms in either cyclic or acyclic frameworks, thus offering a complementary reactivity profile to existing oxidative‐type processes or metal‐catalyzed C(sp3)−N bond‐forming reactions operating via two‐electron manifolds.
Lessons Learned from the Grouping of Chemicals to Assess Risks to Human Health
Authors: Wohlleben Wendel , Mehling Annette , Landsiedel Robert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn analogy to the periodic system that groups elements by their similarity in structure and chemical properties, the hazard of chemicals can be assessed in groups having similar structures and similar toxicological properties. Here we review case studies of chemical grouping strategies that supported the assessment of hazard, exposure, and risk to human health. By the EU‐REACH and the US‐TSCA New Chemicals Program, structural similarity is commonly used as the basis for grouping, but that criterion is not always adequate and sufficient. Based on the lessons learned, we derive ten principles for grouping, including: transparency of the purpose, criteria, and boundaries of the group; adequacy of methods used to justify the group; and inclusion or exclusion of substances in the group by toxicological properties. These principles apply to initial grouping to prioritize further actions as well as to definitive grouping to generate data for risk assessment. Both can expedite effective risk management.
Synthesis of cobalt A2B triaryl corroles bearing methoxy or hydroxyl groups and their activity in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhu Zheng‐Mei , Peng Wei‐Yu , Yang Wu , Ling Chen , Zhang Hao , Si Li‐Ping , Liu Hai‐Yang 
Published: October 2022

Four A2B cobalt corrole complexes 1–4 appending two methoxy or hydroxyl groups on the 10‐meso phenyl group had been synthesized. Four cobalt corroles showed high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the organic phase and in the aqueous phase. The hydrogen evolution pathway was EECEC when using acetic acid as proton source. When trifluoroacetic acid was used as proton source, the hydrogen evolution route via EECEC or EECC depending on the concentration of trifluoroacetic acid. Cobalt corrole 4 showed the best HER performance with the kobs of 122.68 s−1 in organic phase and the TOF of 832.2 h−1 in aqueous phase respectively. The results suggested the phenyl hydroxyl group at the cobalt corrole peripheral may act as the proton relay group in HER and the o‐hydroxyl of phenyl was better than m‐ hydroxyl for proton relay.
Textural, rheological and sensorial properties of mayonnaise fortified with Asian sea bass bio‐calcium
Authors: Wijayanti Ima , Prodpran Thummanoon , Sookchoo Pornsatit , Nirmal Nilesh , Zhang Bin , Balange Amjad , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAsian sea bass bio‐calcium (ASBC) can be fortified in low calcium food product such as mayonnaise. To ensure the smoothness of fortified products, the particle size and fishy compounds of ASBC must be reduced. Ultrasonicated ASBC (U‐ASBC) was applied for different times (5–15 min) in the presence of hexane. ASBC and U‐ASBC had mean particle size (D43) of 21.87 ± 19.54 and 7.83 ± 7.10 μm, respectively. U‐ASBC had lowered volatile compounds. Mayonnaise fortified with ASBC had the augmented firmness, consistency and cohesiveness with increasing ASBC levels (0%–10%) (p < 0.05). ASBC raised lightness (L*) and total color difference (ΔE*), but decreased a* and b*‐values of mayonnaise in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). Higher G′, G″, viscosity and shear stress value were observed in mayonnaise sample added with ASBC. However, lower acceptability was attained when mayonnaise was added with ASBC at level higher than 2.5% due to fishy odor and grittiness perceived by panelists. The lower droplet size with higher zeta potential of mayonnaise added with ASBC or U‐ASBC was related with the lower creaming index. Mayonnaise added with 7.5% U‐ASBC (M‐UBC‐7.5) had higher viscosity with lower creaming and thermal creaming index (p < 0.05) than control and that containing 2.5% ASBC (M‐BC‐2.5). Denser and smaller droplet sizes were observed for M‐BC‐2.5 and M‐UBC‐7.5 than control. Lowest moisture, fat and carbohydrate contents were attained for M‐UBC‐7.5 with the higher protein, ash and calcium content (p < 0.05). Fortification of mayonnaise with ASBC at 2.5% or U‐ASBC at 7.5% increased calcium content by 54 or 174 times, respectively, without sensorial changes.
Total Synthesis of Natural Products using Gold Catalysis
Authors: De Soumik , Dan Aritra Kumar , Sahu Raghaba , Parida Sagarika , Das Debadutta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGold catalysis is an extremely enthusiastic field of investigation in the catalysis area. The development of alternative, highly inventive, precompetitive techniques based on gold catalysis has paved the way for executing a broad spectrum of chemical transformations from uncomplicated starting materials. The total synthesis of natural products is a complex and more complicated task. An amalgamation of natural product synthesis through gold‐catalysis has been a thought‐provoking job. The protocol has solved several problems related to the synthesis of numerous complicated natural products. Thus, this review has outlined some of the most notable benchmarks from the last seven years (2015–2021) on gold catalysis and their application in the total synthesis of numerous natural products. The strategy acquired by the authors to accomplish the total synthesis will be elaborately discussed by emphasizing the role of the gold‐catalyzed reactions.
Well‐posedness, optimal control and discretization for time‐fractional parabolic equations with time‐dependent coefficients on metric graphs
Authors: Mehandiratta Vaibhav , Mehra Mani , Leugering Günter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study distributed optimal control problems governed by time‐fractional parabolic equations with time dependent coefficients on metric graphs, where the fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. Using the Galerkin method and compactness results, for the spatial part, and approximating the kernel of the time‐fractional Caputo derivative by a sequence of more regular kernel functions, we first prove the well‐posedness of the system. We then turn to the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the distributed optimal control problem. By means of the Lagrange multiplier method, we develop an adjoint calculus for the right Caputo derivative and derive the corresponding first order optimality system. Moreover, we propose a finite difference scheme to find the approximate solution of the state equation and the resulting optimality system on metric graphs. Finally, examples are provided on two different graphs to illustrate the performance of the proposed difference scheme.
Association between body mass index and subcortical volume in pre‐adolescent children with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study
Authors: Hwang In‐seong , Hong Soon‐Beom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConflicting associations exist between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and subcortical brain volumes. This study assessed whether obesity might have a confounding influence on associations between ASD and brain subcortical volumes. A comprehensive investigation evaluating the relationship between ASD, obesity, and subcortical structure volumes was conducted. Data obtained included body mass index (BMI) and T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance images for children with and without ASD diagnoses from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database. Brain subcortical volumes were calculated using vol2Brain software. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the subcortical volumes similarly or differentially associated with BMI in children with or without ASD and examine association and interaction effects regarding ASD and subcortical volume impact on the Social Responsiveness Scale and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) scores. Bilateral caudate nuclei were smaller in children with ASD than in control participants. Significant interactions were observed between ASD diagnosis and BMI regarding the left caudate, right and left putamen, and right and left ventral diencephalon (DC) volumes (β = −0.384, p = 0.010; β = −0.336, p = 0.030; β = −0.317, p = 0.040; β = 0.322, p = 0.010; β = 0.295, p = 0.021, respectively) and between ASD diagnosis and right and left ventral DC volumes regarding the VABS scores (β = 0.434, p = 0.014; β = 0.495, p = 0.007, respectively). However, each subcortical structure volume included in the ventral DC area could not be measured separately. The results identified subcortical volumes differentially associated with obesity in children with ASD compared with typically developing peers. BMI may need to be considered an important confounder in future research examining brain subcortical volumes within ASD.
Abstraktion digitaler Bauwerksmodelle als Grundlage für das digitale Instandhaltungsmanagement
Authors: Hartung Robert , Liepe Dominic , Klemt‐Albert Katharina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDas Instandhaltungsmanagement von Bauwerken der Infrastruktur ist eine herausfordernde Aufgabe. Ingenieurbauwerke auf Straßen und Schienenwegen sind charakterisiert durch lange Nutzungszeiten von 100 Jahren und mehr. Im Rahmen der Nutzungszeit ergeben sich daher besondere Anforderungen an eine lebenszyklusorientierte Datenorganisation, die Informationen aus Planung und Bau, aber insbesondere aus dem Betrieb erfassen muss. Hierfür stehen den Betreibern i. d. R. Bauwerksmanagementsysteme (BMS) zur Verfügung, die eine bauwerksbezogene Datenorganisation ermöglichen. Durch den Einsatz neuer digitaler Methoden, wie Building Information Modeling (BIM), können insbesondere die Datenorganisation und die Prozesse der Zusammenarbeit in der Instandhaltung unterstützt werden. Grundlage bilden objektorientierte Bauwerksmodelle, die neben der Geometrie die semantischen Informationen strukturieren und Verknüpfungen zu weiteren Datenplattformen ermöglichen. Der Aufsatz stellt dar, wie diese Modelle möglichst effizient als geometrisch vereinfachte Bauwerksmodelle – sog. abstrakte Bauwerksmodelle – erstellt werden und somit Anwendungsfelder für eine digitale Instandhaltung geschaffen werden können. Die geometrische Abstraktion ermöglicht es insbesondere für Bestandsbauwerke, effizient digitale Bauwerksmodelle zu erzeugen und mit semantischen Informationen anzureichern. Diese können die Grundlage für eine Informationsanreicherung, eine weitere Detaillierung oder eine strukturierte Schadensverortung am digitalen Modell bilden.
Spatial genome organization, TGFβ, and biomolecular condensates: Do they talk during development?
Authors: Vicioso‐Mantis Marta , Martínez‐Balbás Marian A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCis‐regulatory elements govern gene expression programs to determine cell identity during development. Recently, the possibility that multiple enhancers are orchestrated in clusters of enhancers has been suggested. How these elements are arranged in the 3D space to control the activation of a specific promoter remains unclear. Our recent work revealed that the TGFβ pathway drives the assembly of enhancer clusters and precise gene activation during neurogenesis. We discovered that the TGFβ pathway coactivator JMJD3 was essential in maintaining these structures in the 3D space. To do that, JMJD3 required an intrinsically disordered region involved in forming phase‐separated biomolecular condensates found in the enhancer clusters. Our data support the existence of a relationship between 3D‐conformation of the chromatin, biomolecular condensates, and TGFβ‐driven response during mammalian neurogenesis. In this review, we discuss how signaling (TGFβ), epigenetics (JMJD3), and biochemical properties (biomolecular condensates nucleation) are coordinated to modulate the genome structure to guarantee proper neural development. Moreover, we comment on the potential underlying mechanisms and implications of the enhancer‐mediated regulation. Finally, we point out the knowledge gaps that still need to be addressed.
Importin α/β and the tug of war to keep TDP‐43 in solution: quo vadis?
Authors: Doll Steven G. , Cingolani Gino 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe transactivation response‐DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) is an aggregation‐prone nucleic acid‐binding protein linked to the etiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD). These conditions feature the accumulation of insoluble TDP‐43 aggregates in the neuronal cytoplasm that lead to cell death. The dynamics between cytoplasmic and nuclear TDP‐43 are altered in the disease state where TDP‐43 mislocalizes to the cytoplasm, disrupting Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs), and ultimately forming large fibrils stabilized by the C‐terminal prion‐like domain. Here, we review three emerging and poorly understood aspects of TDP‐43 biology linked to its aggregation. First, how post‐translational modifications in the proximity of TDP‐43 N‐terminal domain (NTD) promote aggregation. Second, how TDP‐43 engages FG‐nucleoporins in the NPC, disrupting the pore permeability and function. Third, how the importin α/β heterodimer prevents TDP‐43 aggregation, serving both as a nuclear import transporter and a cytoplasmic chaperone.
Some new results on Cox–Czanner divergence and their applications in survival studies
Authors: N. Unnikrishnan Nair , Subhash Silpa , Sunoj S. M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present communication, we propose a quantile‐based measure for the divergence between two survival functions. This can also be used in a dynamic way where the divergence between survival functions varies with time. Several new properties of the proposed measure are investigated with suitable examples. The behavior of the measure for various reliability models is also investigated. A real data analysis is employed to compare the relative efficacy of two treatment groups using the proposed divergence measure.
First Occurrence of Megastigmane Glucosides in a Plant of Retama Genus
Authors: Ouissem Bensaid Sara , Carbone Marianna , Palomba Letizia , Bicha Sabrina , Bentamene Ali , Carannante Arianna , Gavagnin Margherita , Letizia Ciavatta Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChemical investigation of Retama sphaerocarpa collected in Algeria resulted in the isolation of two megastigmane glucosides, compounds 1 and 2, along with a series of isoflavones and phenol derivatives. Compound 1, named retamoside, was new and its structure was determined by extensive application of spectroscopic methods, including HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR and CD. The anti‐inflammatory properties of co‐occurring main megastigmane, saurobaccioside B (2) and structurally related vomifoliol (3) on LPS‐stimulated murine macrophages RAW 274.7 have been evaluated.
Development of duplex real‐time PCR for quick detection of cryptosporidiosis in goats
Authors: Sharma Atul Kumar , Gururaj K. , Sharma Rama , Goel Anjana , Paul Souvik , Sharma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCryptosporidium spp. is the most important foodborne and waterborne pathogens and a leading cause of mortality from foodborne and waterborne gastrointestinal diseases. In neonates of domestic animals, it is associated with consistent diarrhea and dehydration. Cryptosporidium infection begins with the ingestion of sporulated oocytes disseminated by carrier animals that consistently contaminate the environment. Many diagnostic tests are available including microscopy and antigen trap‐ELISA, but none of the diagnostic tests available currently cannot differentiate between active and passive infection in the host. In the current study, to address this challenge an mRNA‐based duplex TaqMan® probe PCR was developed to target the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene and 18SSU rRNA gene in a single tube that can detect metabolically active cryptosporidial oocysts. The mRNA transcripts are the direct indicator of any actively replicating cell and they will help decipher the active stages of its lifecycle in a host. This diagnostic assay was standardized by computing transcript copy number‐based limit of detection (LOD). For COWP and 18SSU rRNA genes, the LOD was 7.08 × 1004 and 5.95 × 1005, respectively. During active infections, the oocyst wall protein will be active and so its COWP gene transcripts will act as a marker for active infection. While transcripts for 18SSU rRNA are constitutively expressed in cryptosporidial life cycle. This current diagnostic assay will be a quantitative marker that will help assess the active stages of Cryptosporidium infection in neonates. The disease dynamics will help better understand to formulate the control strategies and contain infection among healthy animals.