bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of perovskite film dosimeter for radiotherapy quality assurance
Authors: Yang S.W. , Han M.J. , Lee D.H. , Park S.K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we developed a film-type perovskite dosimeter that can be used as a radiotherapy quality assurance (QA) dosimeter while replacing the existing semiconductor dosimeter. Dosimeter performance was evaluated by reproducibility, linearity, dose rate dependence, and percentage depth dose (PDD). In terms of reproducibility, the relative standard deviation (RSD) at 6 MV and 15 MV energy were 1.058% and 1.003%, respectively. As a result of linearity, a coefficient of determination of 0.9999 was presented at 6 MV and 15 MV energies. In terms of dose rate dependence evaluation, the RSD was 1.242% and 0.628% at 6 MV and 15 MV energies, respectively. As for PDD measurement, the result of matching the Dmax point was obtained. Our analysis confirms that the perovskite film dosimeter made of CsPbBr3 was suitable for use as a QA dosimeter in radiotherapy.
A high-resolution X-ray microscope system for performance evaluation of scintillator plates
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Yoshino Masao , Kamada Kei , Yajima Ryuga , Yoshikawa Akira , Sagisaka Mayu , Kataoka Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the development of new scintillators for X-ray imaging, a high-resolution and highly efficient system is required to evaluate the performance of the scintillator plates. For this purpose, we developed a high-resolution X-ray microscope system. The developed compact X-ray microscope system is based on a magnifying unit and a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, combined with a small industrial X-ray irradiation system. Using this system, we carried out imaging of three scintillator plates and evaluated their spatial resolution. Each scintillator plates was set in front of the lens of the objective, X-rays were irradiated to the scintillator plates, and transmission images of masks were acquired. The measured spatial resolution of the scintillator plates varied from 16 μm to 30 μm, depending on the type of scintillator plate. The focus size of the X-ray tube had an almost negligible effect on the spatial resolution of the images for the evaluated scintillator plates.
Phase transitions as a manifestation of spontaneous unitarity violation
Authors: van Wezel Jasper 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking is well understood under equilibrium conditions as a consequence of the singularity of the thermodynamic limit. How a single global orientation of the order parameter dynamically emerges from an initially symmetric state during a phase transition, however, is not captured by this paradigm. Here, we present a series of symmetry arguments suggesting that singling out a global choice for the ordered state is in fact forbidden under unitary time evolution, even in the presence of an environment and infinitesimal symmetry breaking perturbations. We thus argue that the observation of phase transitions in our everyday world presents a manifestation of the unitarity of quantum dynamics itself being spontaneously broken. We argue that this agrees with the observation that Schrödinger’s time dependent equation is rendered unstable for macroscopic objects owing to the same singular thermodynamic limit that affects equilibrium configurations.
Phytochemical screening and antioxidants in vitro bioaccessibility of Coccinia grandis: an underutilized wild edible plant in Sri Lanka
Authors: Peduruhewa P S , Jayathunage K G L R , Liyanage R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt is an underutilized wild edible plant in Sri Lanka that consists of a number of medicinal and nutritional values. Underutilized wild edibles have multiple positive health effects for humans, attributed to their bioactive compounds including minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Even though these plant extracts are enriched with a number of bioactive compounds, the bioaccessibility as well as, the bioavailability of those compounds significantly depend on the structure and the form in which they are introduced into the human body. Therefore, crude extract of C. grandis was subjected to evaluate their phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and antioxidant in vitro bioaccessibility fraction of digested samples were calculated. Organic solvents namely, ethanol, hexane and chloroform were used to extract the samples and qualitative in vitro phytochemical screening was conducted to screen for the presence or absence of the phytochemicals. Results indicate that alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, quinone, terpenoids and steroids are the available phytochemicals in every organic extract of C. grandis. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was done by two different assays such as DPPH and ABTS. In the hexane extract it was detected relatively high antioxidant activity as 0.008 mg/mL (IC50) in DPPH assay and 561.94 mg TEAC/ g in ABTS assay. Antioxidant bioaccessibility was also tested through an in vitro digestion model and a 42% bioavailability rate was indicated against the corresponding antioxidant activity in un-digested ethanol extract of C. grandis. Based on the presence of various phytochemicals and is a natural source of antioxidants, this species can be used to improve the human diet, especially for low-income people.
A Study on Natural Clay and Moringa Oleifera for Sustainability of Landfill Liners
Authors: Pavithra M P , Ramesh R L , Rani Sandya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This project aims to characterize the municipal solid waste leachate, using column study method to evaluate the concentrations of constituents present in landfill leachate. The leachate sample were tested for several physical and chemical parameters. The initial results demonstrated that the characterizations of leachate found to be highest range of contamination. Hence compacted clay liner is used in this treatment. Moringa Oleifera is added with compacted natural clay to retain the constituents in the liner. Compacted natural clay liner shows the removal efficiency of TDS, Sodium and Potassium is 88.44%, 90.6% and 68.46% respectively. Moringa Oleifera with Compacted natural clay liner shows the removal efficiency of TDS, Sodium and Potassium is 90.2%, 98.75% and 81.2% respectively. Result shows Moringa Oleifera with Compacted clay liner has been an effective for the removal of constitutes present in landfill leachate.
A Case study of Urban Heat Island and Air Pollution Mechanism in Bengaluru Metropolitan city
Authors: Mohan Kumar T M , Suhas K B , Siddegowda  
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The industrialization in urban areas includes the economical increment, growth of GDPA, youth empowerment. The effects of industrialisation results in air pollution, sewage disposal, decline in green cover percentage. Urbanization or growth of city and Industrialization are embedded with one to another, without improving of Industrial sector, the growth of country cannot progress, but rapid industrialization and urbanization of metropolitan is cities of our country leads to generate huge environmental problems. This paper aims to determine and explore the relation with industrialization with Urban Heat Island (UHI). UHI is a phenomenon of accumulation of more temperature than rural areas. The metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmadabad, Kolkata, Bengaluru etc. These are the cities grown rapidly in present scenario. The mechanism of UHI, implications of it is in these metropolitan cities are overview of this research work. It includes collection, analysis of data related to UHI. Finally, it reveals the effect of UHI in different metropolitan cities. Increase in solid waste generation, air quality alteration, loss of aquatic life, air pollution, rise of skin diseases, asthma, respiratory problem etc. The objective of this paper is to understand the mechanism of the UHI process and its implications in different metropolitan cities by analyzing with parameter like raise in city temperature, thermal discomfort, pollution level, uneven rainfall, and increase in flood level.
Numerical analysis of compressive deformation for random closed-cell Al foam model
Authors: Xia Yinzheng , Shi Jianchao , Mu Yongliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most cellular solids presented random structure, while practically periodic models were often used in structure-property relations and numerical models. The finite element method was used to create a 2D random model that replicated the deformation characteristics of cellular models. The influences of porosity and strain rate on the deformation characteristic, energy dissipation mechanisms were investigated. The Poisson’s ratio evolution during compression was also studied. The simulated load-displacement curves were found to be consistent with experimental results, both containing elastic stage, plateau stage, hardening stage and densification stage. The yield load and plateau load were insensitive to the strain rate. In addition, it was also found that the generation and propagation of multiple random shear bands were responsible for the load-displacement characteristic. At the cell/membrane level, four failure modes and corresponding energy dissipation mechanisms were revealed. Moreover, the Poisson’s ratio decreased first and then increased with strain, which right manifested the compressibility of 2D foam in the initial stage and the densification in the end of compression. Meanwhile, the change of the Poisson’s ratio with porosity didn’t follow monotone function relation.
EnrichIntersect: an R package for custom set enrichment analysis and interactive visualization of intersecting sets
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Zucknick Manuela , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Summary
Enrichment analysis has been widely used to study whether predefined sets of genes or other molecular features are over-represented in a ranked list associated with a disease or other phenotype. However, computational tools that perform enrichment analysis and visualization are usually limited to predefined sets available from public databases. To make such analyses more flexible, we introduce an R package, EnrichIntersect, which enables enrichment analyses among any ranked features and user-defined custom sets. For interactive visualization of multiple covariates, such as genes or other features, which are associated with multiple phenotypes and multiple sample groups, such as drug responses in various cancer types, EnrichIntersect illustrates all associations at a glance, hence explicitly indicating intersecting covariates between multiple phenotypic variables and between multiple sample groups.

Availability and implementation
The EnrichIntersect R package is available at https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=EnrichIntersect via an open-source MIT license. A package installation process is described on CRAN at https://cran.r-project.org/. A user-manual description of features and function calls can be found from the vignette of our package on CRAN.
ChemBioPort: an online portal to navigate the structure, function and chemical inhibition of the human proteome
Authors: Liu Lihua , Rovers Evianne , Schapira Matthieu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemical probes are important tools to investigate the function of proteins, evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets and provide chemical starting points for drug discovery. As a result, a growing federation of scientists aims to generate chemical probes for all human druggable proteins. A diverse array of data typically guides target selection and chemical probe discovery: information on protein function can help prioritize targets, domain architecture can provide insight on druggability, structural data enables molecular design and existing chemical ligands can serve as foundation or inspiration for chemical probe development. But these heterogenous data types are dispersed across a variety of public repositories that are difficult to cross-reference by non-experts. We developed ChemBioPort, an online resource that allows users to combine queries related to the ontology, domain architecture or name of human proteins to produce downloadable tables that integrate information on function, disease association, essentiality, tissue enrichment, domain architecture, structure and chemical ligands of proteins. Users can convert these tables into dendrograms reflecting sequence similarity, onto which they can graphically project all data types, linked via a mouse-click to their original repositories or published articles. This interface will support the growing community of chemical biologists, chemists, cell and structural biologists on their perilous journey from genes to medicines.
Database URL: https://chembioport.thesgc.org
What are the Unmet Needs and Most Relevant Treatment Outcomes According to Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease? A Qualitative Patient Preference Study
Authors: Schoefs Elise , Vermeire Séverine , Ferrante Marc , Sabino João , Lambrechts Tessy , Avedano Luisa , Haaf Isabella , De Rocchis Maria Stella , Broggi Andrea , Sajak-Szczerba Magdalena , Saldaña Roberto , Janssens Rosanne , Huys Isabelle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAs more therapeutic options with their own characteristics become available for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], drug development and individual treatment decision-making needs to be tailored towards patients’ preferences and needs. This study aimed to understand patient preferences among IBD patients, and their most important treatment outcomes and unmet needs.MethodsThis qualitative study consisted of [1] a scoping literature review, [2] two focus group discussions [FGDs] with IBD patients [n = 11] using the nominal group technique, and [3] two expert panel discussions.ResultsIBD patients discussed a multitude of unmet needs regarding their symptoms, side-effects, and psychological and social issues for which they would welcome improved outcomes. In particular, IBD patients elaborated on the uncertainties and fears they experienced regarding the possible need for surgery or an ostomy, the effectiveness and onset of action of their medication, and the medication’s long-term effects. Furthermore, participants extensively discussed the mental impact of IBD and their need for more psychological guidance, support, and improved information and communication with healthcare workers regarding their disease and emotional wellbeing. The following five characteristics were identified during the attribute grading as most important: prevent surgery, long-term clinical remission, improved quality of life [QoL], occurrence of urgency and improved labour rate.ConclusionsThis study suggests that IBD drug development and treatment decision-making are needed to improve IBD symptoms and adverse events that significantly impact IBD patients’ QoL. Furthermore, this study underlines patients’ need for a shared decision-making process in which their desired treatment outcomes and uncertainties are explicitly discussed and considered.
Soil Fertilization With Medicinal Plant Processing Wastes Suppresses Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations
Authors: Ghasemi Meysam , Poorjavad Nafiseh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Organic soil amendments can influence insect pest populations and the damage to plants they cause. In this study, the effects of medicinal plant processing wastes (MPPWs) applied as organic fertilizers on the host preference and performance of Tuta absoluta and Aphis gossypii were investigated on tomato and cucumber plants, respectively. Processing wastes of cumin, rosemary, thyme, artichoke, chamomile, fenugreek, and nettle were applied in four levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 g dry matter/1kg culture media in pot experiments. Results showed the application of MPPWs, especially 80 g of nettle, reduced the number of T. absoluta eggs (from 0.8 to 0.4 egg/leaf) and their hatching percentage (from 90 to 76%). The highest and lowest number of aphids were observed in control (36 aphids/plant) and treated cucumbers with 80 g of cumin (18 aphids/plant). Also, the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (0.08 d−1) and net reproductive rate (20 offspring) of T. absoluta were observed in tomatoes fertilized with nettle. The highest and lowest net reproductive rate of A. gossypii were obtained on control and treated plants with 80 g of nettle, respectively. Results of damage assessment showed that the percentage of dry weight loss in the aphid-infested plants was reduced by the use of MPPWs, so that lowest weight loss was observed in the treatment with 80 g of nettle. In conclusion, soil amendment using MPPWs could result in lower pest populations and may improve plant tolerance to insect pest stress, thus these by-products could be considered a valuable tool in pest management.
Yeast as a tool for membrane protein production and structure determination
Authors: Carlesso Antonio , Delgado Raquel , Ruiz Isant Oriol , Uwangue Owens , Valli Dylan , Bill Roslyn M , Hedfalk Kristina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Membrane proteins are challenging targets to functionally and structurally characterize. An enduring bottleneck in their study is the reliable production of sufficient yields of stable protein. Here, we evaluate all eukaryotic membrane protein production experiments that have supported the deposition of a high-resolution structure. We focused on the most common yeast host systems, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. The first high-resolution structure of a membrane protein produced in yeast was described in 1999 and today there are 186 structures of α-helical membrane proteins, representing 101 unique proteins from 37 families. Homologous and heterologous production are equally common in S. cerevisiae, while heterologous production dominates in P. pastoris, especially of human proteins, which represent about one-third of the total. Investigating protein engineering approaches (78 proteins from seven families) demonstrated that the majority contained a polyhistidine tag for purification, typically at the C-terminus of the protein. Codon optimization and truncation of hydrophilic extensions were also common approaches to improve yields. We conclude that yeast remains a useful production host for the study of α-helical membrane proteins.
The Linkage-Disequilibrium and Recombinational Landscape in Daphnia pulex
Authors: Lynch Michael , Ye Zhiqiang , Urban Lina , Maruki Takahiro , Wei Wen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By revealing the influence of recombinational activity beyond what can be achieved with controlled crosses, measures of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in natural populations provide a powerful means of defining the recombinational landscape within which genes evolve. In one of the most comprehensive studies of this sort ever performed, involving whole-genome analyses on nearly 1,000 individuals of the cyclically parthenogenetic microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, the data suggest a relatively uniform pattern of recombination across the genome. Patterns of LD are quite consistent among populations; average rates of recombination are quite similar for all chromosomes; and although some chromosomal regions have elevated recombination rates, the degree of inflation is not large, and the overall spatial pattern of recombination is close to the random expectation. Contrary to expectations for models in which crossing-over is the primary mechanism of recombination, and consistent with data for other species, the distance-dependent pattern of LD indicates excessively high levels at both short and long distances and unexpectedly low levels of decay at long distances, suggesting significant roles for factors such as nonindependent mutation, population subdivision, and recombination mechanisms unassociated with crossing over. These observations raise issues regarding the classical LD equilibrium model widely applied in population genetics to infer recombination rates across various length scales on chromosomes.
The Pathogenicity and Synergistic Action of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Cao Hui , Diao Jun , Liu Huosheng , Liu Suxian , Liu Jun , Yuan Jianye , Lin Jiang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are characterized by chronic idiopathic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, intestinal immune dysfunction has been considered as the core pathogenesis. In the intestinal immune system, T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells are indispensable for intestine homeostasis via preventing pathogenic bacteria invasion, regulating metabolism and functions of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and promoting IEC self-renewal. However, during the development of IBD, Th1 and Th17 cells acquire the pathogenicity and change from the maintainer of intestinal homeostasis to the destroyer of intestinal mucosa. Because of coexpressing interferon-γ and interleukin-17A, Th17 cells with pathogenicity are named as pathogenic Th17 cells. In disease states, Th1 cells impair IEC programs by inducing IEC apoptosis, recruiting immune cells, promoting adhesion molecules expression of IECs, and differentiating to epithelial cell adhesion molecule–specific interferon γ–positive Th1 cells. Pathogenic Th17 cells induce IEC injury by triggering IBD susceptibility genes expression of IECs and specifically killing IECs. In addition, Th1 and pathogenic Th17 cells could cooperate to induce colitis. The evidences from IBD patients and animal models demonstrate that synergistic action of Th1 and pathogenic Th17 cells occurs in the diseases development and aggravates the mucosal inflammation. In this review, we focused on Th1 and Th17 cell programs in homeostasis and intestine inflammation and specifically discussed the impact of Th1 and Th17 cell pathogenicity and their synergistic action on the onset and the development of IBD. We hoped to provide some clues for treating IBD.
“It made me feel like I wasn’t alone in the darkness”: exploring dementia care network communication and coordination through a digital health platform
Authors: Linden Anna , Jolliff Anna , Gonzalez Deryk , Loganathar Priya , Elliott Christian , Zuraw Matthew , Werner Nicole E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To explore the use of a shared communication and coordination platform—the CareVirtue journal feature—for care networks of people living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias to inform the design of care network support technologies.

Materials and Methods
In the primary study, care networks comprised the primary caregiver and other caregivers they invited to participate (eg, family members, in-home aides) used CareVirtue, for 60 days followed by a semistructured interview to explore primary caregivers’ perceptions of usefulness. This secondary analysis focused on use of the shared journal feature of CareVirtue, which allowed care networks to communicate through posts that were shared with the network and to which network members could respond. Journal posts were analyzed using a deductive/inductive content analysis to categorize information behavior. We also conducted a thematic analysis of the interviews to identify primary caregivers’ perceptions of the journal’s usefulness.

Results
Care networks used the journal for: (1) information acquisition, (2) information sharing, (3) strategy development, and (4) information feedback. Thematic analysis revealed that caregivers felt the journal was useful at the individual, care network, and relational levels and that journal integration was influenced by care network structure and relationships.

Discussion
Care networks used the journal to document, share, and acquire information; co-create strategies; and provide support. The usefulness of this shared communication and coordination platform included individual and care network level benefits.

Conclusion
These findings point to the importance of caregiver-centered technologies that support both the individual primary caregiver and the care network.