bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perianal/perineal rhabdomyosarcoma: Results of the SIOP MMT 95, Italian RMS 96, and EpSSG RMS 2005 studies
Authors: Rogers Timothy , Zanetti Ilaria , Coppadoro Beatrice , Martelli Hélène , Jenney Meriel , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Terwisscha van Scheltinga Sheila E. J. , Skerritt Clare , Fajardo Raquel Dávila , Guérin Florent , Kelsey Anna , Merks Johannes H. M. , Mandeville Henry , Guillén Gabriela , Glosli Heidi , De Corti Federica , Bisogno Gianni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground/objectivesRhabdomyosarcoma of the perianal/perineal region (PRMS) is rare, with poor survival and limited understanding of the functional consequences of treatment.Design/methodsInternational Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) malignant mesenchymal tumor (MMT) 95, Italian RMS 96, and European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS 2005 studies were interrogated to identify factors that impact survival; in RMS 2005, functional outcomes were analyzed.ResultsFifty patients (nonmetastatic) were identified, median age 6.4 years (range: 0.1–19.6): 29 male, 21 female. Tumors were >5 cm in 33 patients. Histopathological subtype was alveolar in 35. Lymph nodes were involved in 23 patients. In RMS 2005, 16/21 (76%) tested alveolar tumors had positive FOXO1 fusion status. Diagnostic biopsy was performed in 37. Primary resection (13) was complete (R0) in one. Delayed primary excision (16) was complete in three. Radiotherapy (RT) in 34/50 patients included external beam (28), brachytherapy (3), and both (3). Nodal RT was given in 16/23 N1 patients (70%). Median follow‐up of alive patients (29) was 84.1 months (range: 3.6–221.1). Relapse or progression occurred in 24 patients (48%), 87% were fatal and most events (63%) were locoregional. Five‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 47.8 (95% CI: 32.8–61.3), and 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 52.6 (95% CI: 36.7–66.2), with age ≥10 years and tumor size >5 cm impacting 5‐year EFS and OS (p < .05). Functional outcome data showed bowel, genito‐urinary, and psychological issues; fecal incontinence in four of 21 survivors, and urinary symptoms in two of 21.ConclusionsAbout 60% of patients with nonmetastatic PRMS survive; older patients and those with large tumors have the worst outcomes. Biopsy should be the initial procedure, and definitive local therapy individualized. Quality‐of‐life and functional studies are needed to better understand the consequences of treatment.
Aging effects on free vibration and damping characteristics of polymer‐based biocomposites: A review
Authors: Ramalingam Ruban , Hemath Mohit , Rangappa Sanjay Mavinkere , Siengchin Suchart , Chellapandi Pandi Selva Durai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBiocomposites with inherent advantages such as biodegradable, recyclable, readily available, lower cost, and lower carbon footprint conveniently replace synthetic plastics. Despite being environmentally friendly, biocomposites should be functionally stable and structural in a rigorous environment. Thus, a study of biopolymer composites with exposure to various aging conditions, especially of humidity environment, which is of necessary concern, is considered here in this review. The aging experiments are often conducted at an accelerated rate at a specific time in respective environments to reduce the experimental time called accelerated aging. The vibration behavior of the biocomposites was conducted to determine the damping behavior of the composites is described in detail.
Physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of Al2O3/SiO2 infused jute/glass fiber resin composite materials in relation to viscosity
Authors: Shamim Hasan Abu Hena Md , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Almahri Albandary , Kowser Md. Arefin , Alam Md. Shahinoor , Shuvho Md. Bengir Ahmed , Alruwais Raja Saad , Hossain Nayem , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractJute/glass fibers epoxy composites are significantly used in construction, automotive, aerospace, and wind turbine industries. In this work, jute/glass fibers epoxy composites reinforced with two different types of filler such as the Al2O3 and SiO2 particles at different weight rations (5, 10, and 15 gm) were investigated in relation to the viscosity. The composite samples required for various tests were fabricated in conventional hand lay‐up method. Physical, thermal stability, and mechanical properties such as tensile, bending and modulus of elasticity, and viscosity tests were conducted for the fabricated composites and the effect of reinforced materials and their dispersion competency was investigated through the assessment of their microstructure with SEM, XRD, FTIR, UV, and TGA/DSC. From the results, fabricated composites exhibit linear behavior and the maximum tensile strength were found 113.438 MPa for S2 without inclusion of particles and S4 with inclusion of Al2O3 and SiO2 exhibited higher elongation 12.06%. The viscosity of the epoxy matrix showed that viscosity is increased significantly as the inclusion of the Al2O3 and SiO2 particles volume are increased. The principal weight loss takes place at 336 to 338°C, which associated weight losses were 76% for S3, 68% for S4, and 67% for S6. Jute agglomerated orientation, some void, fracture behavior, and crack have been identified, caused by lack of fiber/matrix adhesion. FTIR results show that N‐H, asymmetric stretching Si‐O‐Si, Si‐O‐C and Si‐OH bonds, C‐C stretches, C‐O bond and Al‐O‐H symmetric bonding were identified. UV analysis identified different peaks which are 254.42, 329.06, 413.5, and 473.73 nm.
Quantitative detection of polymer content in styrene‐butadiene‐styrene modified asphalt after aging
Authors: Que Yun , Wang Yefei , Xu Song , Fan Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe identification of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) content is crucial in engineering applications since the key to assessing the performance of aged‐modified asphalt is the SBS content. Six types of modified asphalts with various SBS contents were prepared, and physical, rheological, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were conducted. The fitting relationship between aged‐modified asphalt indexes and SBS content was established, and the three methods' accuracy, simplicity, and efficiency were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the fitting relationship between SBS content and viscosity could exceed 0.83 after aging. However, the linear and quadratic fittings deviated from the measured values, and the softening point had no apparent law with the SBS content. The rheological index method significantly correlated with SBS content and is highly automated. However, FTIR was established based on the direct detection of SBS characteristic peaks compared with the physical and rheological indexes methods. It could directly reflect the SBS content and was not easily disturbed by SBS substitutes. In addition, after long‐term aging, the linear relationship between SBS characteristic peak index, A966/A811, and SBS content could exceed 0.97. The FTIR test exhibited high accuracy and fast detection speed and is the best detection method for SBS content.
Feasibility and preliminary effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing psychological distress and improving the quality of life of the parents of children with cancer: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jin Xiaohuan , Li Huiyuan , Chong Yuen Yu , Mann Ka Fai , Yao Wenying , Wong Cho Lee 
Published: April 2022

Key pointsFew experimental studies have tested Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in parents of children with cancerACT is feasible considering the high rates of recruitment, adherence and retentionACT is well accepted with high levels of satisfactionACT is effective in improving psychological flexibility and reducing guilt and worryFuture full‐scale RCTs are warranted to confirm the results of this work
Family caregivers support their patient's decision to participate in a phase 1 clinical trial: Weighing the pros and cons, bearing the costs
Authors: Kogan Naomi , Tolley Michelle , Cohen Robin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhen patients with advanced cancer pursue phase 1 clinical trials, family caregivers are impacted as they adopt new roles and responsibilities in time‐pressured, uncertain circumstances. This study explored the nature of the caregivers' participation in patients' decision to pursue phase 1 clinical trials and the early impact of the decision on the caregiver.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 19 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients who had agreed to participate in phase 1 clinical trials. They were coded for information about the caregiver's relationship with the patient, typical style of decision‐making together, understanding of the patient's prognosis and trial, contributions to decision‐making and the initial impacts of the trial on the caregiver. Codes illuminating the research questions were grouped into categories and themes, compared across transcripts and examined against the literature.ResultsCaregivers unequivocally supported the patients' decision to pursue the phase 1 trial as they hoped that the patient would derive medical benefit from the trial. They withheld their opinions and fears about the trial from the patients to support patient autonomy during the decision‐making process. The patient's decision to participate increased the caregivers' burdens and deprived them of time spent on pleasurable activities at end of life.ConclusionsRespecting the patients' personal autonomy, caregivers supported the trial, despite the complex caregiving required. As the success of phase 1 trials relies on caregiver involvement, it is imperative that healthcare professionals be sensitized to the support needs of these caregivers.
Comparison of clinical features of COVID‐19 infection in children with asthma and their healthy peers
Authors: Nursoy Mustafa A. , Bülbül Lida , Yazıcı Mebrure , Altınel Nazan , Ustabaş Kahraman Feyza , Özkul Sağlam Neslihan , Bursal Duramaz Burcu , Türel Özden , Çakır Erkan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on asthma exacerbations and to compare the severity of symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of asthmatic children with those of healthy children.MethodsThe clinical course of COVID‐19 was compared among 89 children with asthma and 84 healthy children with age‐ and gender‐matched. Demographic factors, severity of asthma, duration of asthma, presence of atopy, type of treatment, and compliance to treatment in asthmatic children on clinical course of infection and to determine the risk factors for severe course for asthma exacerbation during COVID‐19 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, duration of complaints, and hospitalization rates were statistically compared between the two groups.ResultsBoth groups had similar rates of symptomatic disease, hospitalization, and duration of fever. Among children with asthma mean age was 10.3 years, 59.6% were male, and 84.3% had mild asthma. Dyspnea was more prevalent in asthmatic children (p:0.012), but other clinical findings were not different from those of healthy controls. 12.4% (n:11) of asthmatic children had asthma exacerbation, 2.2% (n:2) of them were hospitalized; one (1.1%) of which was due to asthma exacerbation.ConclusionThe course of COVID‐19 in patients with mild to moderate asthma, who were followed up regularly and who were compliant with their treatment, was similar to their healthy peers. Since there was no severe asthma case in our study, the results could not have been generalized to all asthmatic patients. Further comprehensive and multicenter studies are required in pediatric population.
The added influence of genomics and post‐MRI confirmatory biopsy results to MRI results alone on medical decision making for men with favorable risk prostate cancer being considered for active surveillance
Authors: Wang Michael , Qi Ji , George Arvin K. , Semerjian Alice , Linsell Susan M. , Montie James E. , Cher Michael L. , Ginsburg Kevin B. ,   for the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe examined how the results of genomic classifier (GC) or post‐magnetic resonance imaging confirmatory biopsy (pMRI‐CBx) influenced management strategy for men with an MRI considering active surveillance (AS).MethodsWe reviewed the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative registry for men with favorable‐risk prostate cancer. Among men with an MRI after the diagnostic biopsy (n = 1162) a subset also had GC (n = 126) or pMRI‐CBx (n = 309). Results of MRI, GC, and pMRI‐CBx were deemed reassuring (RA) or non‐reassuring (Non‐RA). We assess the association of the combination of test results obtained with the selection of AS. Proportions were compared with the Fisher's exact test. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit for an association of test results with the selection of AS.ResultsThe results of pMRI‐CBx tended to influence management decisions greater than that of GC, especially in situation where testing results were discordant with the MRI result. Fewer men with a RA MRI and non‐RA pMRI‐CBx where managed with AS compared with RA MRI alone (31% vs. 86%, p < 0.001). non‐RA genomics did not seem to have the same influence on management as non‐RA pMRI‐CBx as a similar proportion of men with RA MRI and non‐RA genomics were managed with AS compared with RA MRI alone (85% vs. 86%, p = 0.753). More men with non‐RA MRI and RA pMRI‐CBx were managed with AS compared with non‐RA MRI alone (89% vs. 40%, p < 0.001). Alternatively, a similar proportion of men with non‐RA MRI and RA genomics were managed with AS compared with non‐RA MRI alone (42% vs. 40%, p > 0.999). In the multivariable models, pMRI‐CBx results influenced the decision for AS versus treatment.ConclusionsIn men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and an MRI, the additional information provided by pMRI‐CBx influenced the decision of AS versus treatment, while the addition of GC results were less influential.
Impact of the mouse estrus cycle on cannabinoid receptor agonist‐induced molecular and behavioral outcomes
Authors: Kim Hye Ji J. , Zagzoog Ayat , Black Tallan , Baccetto Sarah L. , Ezeaka Udoka C. , Laprairie Robert B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSexual dimorphisms are observed in cannabinoid pharmacology. It is widely reported that female animals are more sensitive to the cataleptic, hypothermic, antinociceptive, and anti‐locomotive effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists such as CP55,940. Despite awareness of these sex differences, there is little consideration for the pharmacodynamic differences within females. The mouse estrus cycle spans 4–5 days and consists of four sex hormone‐mediated phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. The endocannabinoid system interacts with female sex hormones including β‐estradiol, which may influence receptor expression throughout the estrus cycle. In the current study, sexually mature female C57BL/6 mice in either proestrus or metestrus were administered either 1 mg/kg i.p. of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55,940 or vehicle. Mice then underwent the tetrad battery of behavioral assays measuring catalepsy, internal body temperature, thermal nociception, and locomotion. Compared with female mice in metestrus, those in proestrus were more sensitive to the anti‐nociceptive effects of CP55,940. A similar trend was observed in CP55,940‐induced catalepsy; however, this difference was not significant. As for cannabinoid receptor expression in brain regions underlying antinociception, the spine tissue of proestrus mice that received CP55,940 exhibited increased expression of cannabinoid receptor type 1 relative to treatment‐matched mice in metestrus. These results affirm the importance of testing cannabinoid effects in the context of the female estrus cycle.
Experimental and numerical research on the characteristics of heavy gas leakage and diffusion
Authors: Shi Bao‐Jun , Wang Hui , Nie Shi‐Ming , Cheng Cheng , Li Tie‐Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOnce a hazardous gas leaks, it will pose a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and property. This paper aims to investigate the flow characteristics of heavy gas leakage and diffusion to deal with sudden accidents caused by hazardous gas leakage. First, an experimental platform for the leakage and diffusion of heavy gas is built, and the tracer technique is adopted to visualize the experimental phenomena during the process of gas leakage and diffusion. Second, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is built based on the experimental platform to simulate and analyze the gas leakage and diffusion process. The CFD model is verified by comparing the numerical results with those of experiments using an authoritative evaluation standard procedure. The comparison shows that the related statistical performance measures are all reasonable. Third, a three‐dimensional numerical model of a real tank farm is created in full scale and the heavy gas (liquefied petroleum gas) leakage process is simulated and analyzed considering also the effect of wind. Experimental and numerical results show that the heavy gas leakage and diffusion process can be divided into three stages: gas concentration rising stage, gravity sedimentation stage, and gas passive diffusion stage, in which different flow phenomena are observed with different flow characteristics for each of the stages. The phenomena observed in experiment are further analyzed and clarified using fluid dynamics by numerical simulation. The full‐scale modeling and simulation of the real tank farm is helpful for taking possible measures once a gas leakage occurs.
High‐Performance GaN HEMTs with ION/IOFF ≈1010 and Gate Leakage Current <10−11 A mm−1 Using Ta2O5 Dielectric
Authors: Upadhyay Bhanu B. , Surapaneni Sreenadh , Yadav Yogendra K. , Bhardwaj Navneet , Suvachintak Netaji , Ganguly Swaroop , Saha Dipankar 
Published: April 2022

Herein, Ta2O5 high‐k gate dielectric‐based GaN high electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a high I
ON/I
OFF ratio and low gate leakage current are demonstrated without any significant deterioration of the other performance parameters. Ta2O5 with an average surface roughness of 1.8 nm and a dielectric constant of ≈26 are grown by sputtering and annealing in O2. The bandgap, valence, and conduction band offsets with Al0.3Ga0.7 N are 4.85, 0.24, and 0.61 eV, respectively. The reverse gate leakage current at −7 V is observed to be 1.2 ×10−10 A mm−1 for 5 nm and <1.0×10−11 A mm−1 for 20 and 30 nm oxide thickness compared to 5.0 × 10−6 A mm−1 for the control sample. This current is among the lowest ever reported for GaN‐based oxide‐HEMTs without significantly sacrificing other performances. The I
ON/I
OFF ratio is 2 × 109, 7 × 109, and 1
10 for 5, 20, and 30 nm oxide thickness, respectively, as compared to 2 × 108 for the control sample. The interface–state–density is estimated to be 1.5 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1. I
DS,sat is measured to be 710, 700, and 690 mA mm−1 for 5, 20, and 30 nm Ta2O5 thickness, respectively, compared to 725 mA mm−1 for the control sample. The presence of oxide does not change the other characteristics much.
Exploring the electronic, mechanical, anisotropic, and optical properties of ternary silicides TM2Si2Ys (TM = Cu, Ir, Os, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru) from a first principles investigations
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Zhang Xudong , Guo Hui , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the rare earth metal silicon‐based materials have attracted much attention. In order to accurately comprehend the application of rare earth silicides, we investigated the physical properties of the tetragonal TM2Si2Ys (TM = Cu, Ir, Os, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru), orthogonal SiY, hexagonal Si2Y, and Si3Y5 compounds. The structural stability, electronic properties, elastic anisotropy, and optical properties of these silicides are investigated using the first‐principles calculations. The enthalpy of formation and phonon dispersions confirm that the binary and ternary silicides display the structural stability. According to the electronic structure, the stability, and mechanical properties of these silicides can be better understood. Ir2Si2Y has the stronger resistance to deformation and higher hardness. The values of v and G/B ratio confirm that Os2Si2Y, Pd2Si2Y, Pt2Si2Y, Ru2Si2Y, Rh2Si2Y, and Si2Y are the ductile materials. The 3D surface constructions and 2D projections of Young's modulus display the elastic anisotropy properties of the ternary silicides. The optical properties indicate that these silicides can be used as UV shielding materials for optical devices.
A systematic review of factors that influence farmers' adoption of sustainable crop farming practices: Lessons for sustainable nitrogen management in South Asia
Authors: Begho Toritseju , Glenk Klaus , Anik Asif R. , Eory Vera 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the fact that sustainable agricultural technologies and practices have been developed and introduced to farmers in both developed and developing countries, there are concerns about low levels of adoption. Empirical evidence of the past 40 years shows that adoption of new practices can be hindered by a wide range of factors, from financial to attitudinal, from personal to social, from agronomic to regulatory. Conclusions that can be generalised across different contexts could help in moving the institutional and policy environment in a direction that strengthens the move towards a more sustainable food production. This is particularly important regarding hotspots of environmental pollution, for example, the release of reactive nitrogen compounds in South Asia. This paper followed the PRISMA protocol and systematically reviewed the adoption literature in South Asia to identify factors that affect farmers' decisions to adopt sustainable agricultural technologies and practices. We found that education, extension and training, soil quality, irrigation, income and credit are significant drivers of farmers' adoption decisions. Consequently, efforts to promote the adoption of sustainable nitrogen management technologies will have to be tailored to consider these factors. We conclude that the variables that explain adoption in the studies reviewed could provide a foundation invaluable to research and policies that facilitate the adoption of sustainable nitrogen management technologies and practices in South Asia.