bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To evaluate the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection in vascular pterygium before surgical excision in preventing recurrence comparing with bare sclera technique
Authors: Shaheen Nusrat , Ahmed Abdul Gafoor , Sajjad Sheikh , Rashid Wasim , Rashid Aamir 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection, questions remain regarding its comparative effectiveness against conventional surgical techniques.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of subconjunctival bevacizumab injection before pterygium surgery with bare sclera technique in preventing postoperative reoccurrence.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a comparative, randomized prospective study. Patients included were divided into two groups of 50 patients each. Patients in Group A received bevacizumab 2.5 mg/0.1 ml, and patients in Group B received subconjunctival balanced salt solution 0.1 ml. The primary outcome was recurrence of pterygium at 6 weeks and 6 months.

Results:
The total number of patients was 100. The mean age was 36.9 ± 8.67 years. The left eye was involved in more, i.e., 61 than the right eye 39. Majority of patients in Group A, i.e., 30 (60%) and in Group B 31 (62%) had Grade 2 pterygium, followed by Grade 3 pterygium in 17 (34%) in Group A and 15 (30%) in Group B. The recurrence rate at 6 weeks was 6% (3 patients) in Group A while it was 22% (11 patients) in Group B (P = 0.021). The recurrence rate at 6 months was 8% (4 patients) in Group A while it was 26% (13 patients) in Group B (P = 0.017).

Conclusion:
Subconjunctival injection of bevacizumab before surgery of pterygium is safe and effective in terms of recurrence and the complication rate for primary or recurrent pterygium treatment.
Pharmacotherapy, adverse drug reactions, and factors associated with clinical outcome in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Dayanand Anushree , Muraraiah Sushma , Raja S. Karthik , Khayoom Nishat Sultana 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy caused by a group of ocular conditions which lead to damage of the optic nerve with progressive diminution of vision. Medical management is currently the primary line of treatment in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of pharmacotherapy and the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with POAG.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 100 patients diagnosed with POAG satisfying inclusion criteria. The demographic, clinical, and treatment data along with ADRs to antiglaucoma drugs were noted. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The most commonly prescribed antiglaucoma medications were timolol (76%) and latanoprost (31%). The most common fixed-dose combination (FDC) prescribed was timolol + brimonidine (20%). Thirty-seven percentage of the patients needed switch over from initial medications and 16% needed add-on therapy by the end of 1 year. The most common ADR was redness of the eye (30.5%). The target intraocular pressure (IOP) was achieved in 65% of the patients after 3 months of treatment. It was found that target IOP was associated with gender and residence.

Conclusion:
Timolol was the most commonly prescribed antiglaucoma medication though it reported the highest number of ADRs. Timolol + brimonidine is the most commonly prescribed FDC. The target IOP was achieved in two-thirds of the POAG patients.
Advanced slit-lamp-assisted toric marker
Authors: Israni Neeraj , Kochar Shruti , Kadu Amol , Thomas Rwituja 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are meant to be aligned at a particular axis for spectacle-free vision for distance after cataract surgery. The evolution of topographers and optical biometers has made it quite achievable for us to aim for this. However, the result sometimes can be unpredictable. Errors in axis marking have reduced recently with the array of different toric markers in the market, but we still see postoperative refractive surprises due to faulty marking.

Innovation:
In this article, we present a novel Slit-lamp based TORic Marker (STORM) innovation, which gives us a hands-free approach to a reliable and accurate axis marking on the cornea. The axis marker is a simple modification to our age-old marker, with the advantage of no touch and slit-lamp assistance, which will make it error free and easy to use.

Conclusion:
This innovation answers the problem of a stable, economical, and accurate marking solution. The invention can be used for easy astigmatic axis marking of a toric IOL preoperatively, that is, before the surgery.
Correlation of nailfold capillaroscopic changes using handheld dermatoscope with varying grades and severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot observational cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Raina Rohit , Chhabra Neha , Barnwal Shruti , Vasisht Shivani , Kansal Naveen Kumar , Kant Ravi 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder occurring due to the long-term effects of diabetes mellitus (DM). Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is an in vivo study of microvascular circulation to predict the grade and severity of DR.

Aim:
The present study is a cross-sectional observational study that attempts to describe and quantify the NFC changes using handheld dermatoscope in type 2 DM patients with retinopathy changes and to assess whether it has any correlation with varying grades and severity of DR.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in AIIMS, Rishikesh, over a period of 6 months from August 2022 to February 2023. Our study participants were 54 Type 2 diabetic patients more than 18 years of age diagnosed with DR using standard Early Treatment DR Study. For all the study participants, a detailed NFC was done for all 8 fingernails (excluding the thumb), using a handheld dermatoscope. Abnormal capillary shapes were recorded by semiquantitative score (NFC score). The data normality was checked using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.

Results:
Significant association was seen in the total number of avascular areas/3 mm, abrogated/bushy capillaries/3 mm, number of fingers involved excluding thumb, and total nailfold capillaroscopic score with varying grade of DR (P < 0.05). Patients with avascular areas/3 mm, tortuous capillaries/3 mm, and abrogated/bushy capillaries/3 mm were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in advanced diabetic eye disease and diabetic macular edema (DME). All patients with advanced diabetic eye disease and DME had any finger involved excluding the thumb with abnormal NFC score which indicates the highest correlation between the severity of retinopathy and involvement of microvascular abnormality in the proximal nailfold.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that NFC could possibly be used as an adjunctive tool in diabetics for diagnosing or monitoring the grade and severity of DR. NFC features are predominantly proliferative in early stages (capillary dilation, giant or bushy capillaries) and regressive in long-standing disease (such as capillary dropouts and avascular areas).
Relationship between Mild Genu Varum and Genu Valgum with Degenerative Hip and Knee Disease: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Liu Raymond W. , Weinberg Douglas S. , Streit Jonathan J. , Lasko Colin E. , Cooperman Daniel R. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Varus and valgus deformity of the knee are relatively common conditions, and clinical studies have associated both with increased knee arthritis in high-risk patients. However, the consequences of these deformities in a randomly collected cadaveric population remain unclear.

Hypothesis:
We investigated whether varus and valgus deformity are associated with hip and knee arthritis in an osteological collection.

Materials and Methods:
We studied 430 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 40 to 79 years of age at death. Specimens with obvious traumatic, infectious, rheumatologic, or endocrine abnormalities were excluded. Photographs of the femur and tibia in the standard anatomic position were measured for mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and analysis was based on deviation from the mean for each parameter. Degenerative disease of the hip and each compartment of the knee were graded, and associations were assessed with multiple regression analysis.

Results:
Mean age was 56 ± 10 years, mean mLDFA was 88.1° ± 2.2°, and mean MPTA was 87.2° ± 2.4°. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated strong correlations between age and degenerative disease of the hip and knee (P < 0.0005 for both). Degenerative disease of the hip was not related to knee alignment. Degenerative disease of the knee was increased by combined varus deformity but was not affected by valgus deformity.

Conclusions:
Mild varus deformity of the knee was significantly related to degenerative disease of the knee but not the hip in our study. In contrast, mild valgus deformity was not related to degenerative disease of the hip or the knee. These data are likely most relevant to asymptomatic patients with genu varum and valgum.

Level of Evidence:
N/A, anatomic study.
Assessing Mechanical Difference in Fulcrums for Balanced Cable Bone Segment Transport
Authors: Richmond Rhys Leigh , Kaszuba Stephanie V. , Tommasini Steven M. , Frumberg David B. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Multiple options exist for fulcrums in balanced cable bone segment transport (BC-BST) procedures, but there is no consensus among orthopedic surgeons on best practices. Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the mechanical differences between a variety of fulcrums used to perform this reconstructive technique.

Materials and Methods:
A custom testing rig was built to determine the tension-modifying effects of different fulcrums on the BC-BST system.

Results:
The stiffness of the system was inversely related to the displacement of the spring, and the least stiff system occurred in fulcrums without threads and of larger diameter.

Conclusion:
These observed differences suggest that the diameter and type of fulcrum used impact the BC-BST system and there may be an opportunity for greater personalization of the pull tension.
Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of the Regenerate Bone Formed During Intramedullary Limb Lengthening Using a Goat (Caprine) Tibia Model: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bafor Anirejuoritse , Isler Aidan , Sprangel Kell , McBride-Gagyi Sara , Iobst Christopher A. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
With the increasing popularity of intramedullary limb lengthening, it has been observed that the regenerate bone formed during this process appears visually different from the regenerate bone formed during extramedullary limb lengthening using external fixators. Using a goat tibia model, this pilot study is the first to evaluate the regenerate bone formed from intramedullary limb lengthening comprehensively.

Materials and Methods:
After a magnetically driven internal lengthening nail was inserted, a 2 cm lengthening of the goat tibia was performed. The regenerate bone formation was assessed using plain radiographs and micro-computed tomography (CT). An analysis of the regenerate bone mineralization was also measured using micro-CT. Histology of the regenerate bone using hematoxylin and eosin staining provided additional descriptive analysis.

Results:
Regenerate bone appeared as early as the 2nd–4th week of distraction and progressed from the periphery to the center as well as from the bone ends toward the center of the regenerate, delineating a distinct fibrous interzone and a previously undescribed “inner zone.” Bone formation and maturation were fastest on the posterior cortex. Histology showed evidence of both intramembranous and endochondral ossification.

Conclusions:
Our findings outline the pattern of bone formation during intramedullary lengthening. In addition, the discovery of a previously unreported fibrous “inner zone” is described.
Incidence of Congenital Limb Reduction Defects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Levesque Gabrielle , Reddi Renitha , Chhina Harpreet , Elliott Alison M. , Pawliuk Colleen , Bone Jeffrey , Cooper Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Congenital limb reduction defects (CLRDs) are missing or hypoplastic whole or part of limbs that occur in utero and cause significant functional impairment. This systematic review aims to describe the incidence of CLRDs published to date in the English literature.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed using Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in April 2021. Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction. Conflicts were resolved by a third independent reviewer. The pooled incidence rate per 10,000 was calculated.

Results:
Search results were performed on April 10, 2021. 2076 articles were screened, 288 studies underwent full-text review, and 100 papers were included for final data analysis. The average pooled incidence of CLRDs was 4.48/10,000 (95% confidence interval = 3.89–5.16) with the highest incidence in Western Asia and the lowest in Eastern Asia. There was a higher incidence of upper limbs, males, and left-sided defects. Incidence has decreased over time (−0.0103, 95% CI = −0.203–−0.003, P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
The incidence of CLRDs published in the English literature to date was calculated, outlining the importance of screening, standardized classification system, and healthcare resource requirements.
Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Achondroplasia after Global Limb-lengthening Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Ginebreda Ignacio , Ibáñez Maximiliano , Canu Nicole , Echavarria Carolina , Lebre Joana , Pérez Miriam 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Achondroplasia can impact daily activities and impair quality of life (QoL). Surgical lengthening of the upper and lower limbs has been reported to increase independence and improve QoL, but further evidence is needed to allow well-informed treatment decisions. Question/Purpose: (1) What height and limb-length improvements are achieved with global limb-lengthening surgery? (2) Does global limb-lengthening surgery improve patient QoL? (3) What major complications are observed with global limb lengthening?

Subjects and Methods:
This retrospective case series reviewed patients with achondroplasia who underwent global (tibial, femoral, and humeral) elongation between 1986 and 2012 at our institution. Patients were followed for 3 years postoperatively to measure gains in height and limb length. Postelongation QoL was assessed with the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) and compared with a historical nonsurgical control group.

Results:
After global lengthening in 35 patients (210 segments), mean increases in limb length (right and left, respectively) were 15.0 and 15.3 cm for the tibia, 14.1 and 14.1 cm for the femur, and 10.8 and 10.9 cm for the humerus, gaining in average 29 cm from lengthening the lower extremities. When compared with a control group (short stature who did not receive limb-lengthening surgery [n = 44]), our patients reported significantly higher mean scores across all eight SF-36 subscales (P < 0.0001 for all subscales). Major complications were reported for 62.2% of patients, most commonly valgus axial deviation of the tibia (both tibias in 24.3%), early consolidation of the tibia (8.1%), and postelongation fracture of the femur (8.1%).

Conclusion:
Global limb lengthening achieved significant improvements in patient-reported functional and emotional QoL compared with historical nonsurgical controls and an acceptable rate of major complications.
Proseal laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal intubation in lower abdominal gynecological surgeries for perioperative gastric volume assessment and assessing postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal functions: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mahaseth Ranjay , Gupta Bhavna , Jain Gaurav , Bahadur Anupama , Singla Deepak , Tripathy Debendra K. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
In the context of perioperative care, the concern of gastric content aspiration during surgical procedures is crucial, though relatively rare. Supraglottic devices after the creation of pneumoperitoneum and positive pressure ventilation may cause gastric insufflation. This study explores the unique aspects of antral cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement as a novel indicator in comparing the use of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and endotracheal intubation in airway management during lower abdominal surgeries and assessing postoperative recovery in both the groups.

Methods:
The study commenced after obtaining approval from Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC number-AIIMS/IEC/22/251 Date: 27/05/2022) and after registration in Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) (CTRI/2022/07/044102 Registered on: 18/07/2022) and was conducted from August 2022 to August 2023. A total of 72 ASA I and II participants were included in two groups: endotracheal tube (ETT) (Group E) and PLMA (Group P). The primary outcome was the antral CSA, and secondary outcomes included hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, time to start clear fluid, light diet, and length of stay.

Results:
Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in antral CSA at various time intervals. The hemodynamic variables were significantly higher in the endotracheal tube group (P < 0.0001). The absence of significant differences in time to start clear liquids, time to start a light diet, and time to achieve bowel movements between the ETT and PLMA groups suggested that both airway management techniques are equally safe in facilitating postoperative recovery concerning gastrointestinal functions.

Conclusions:
Patients who underwent minimally invasive lower abdominal surgeries, choice of airway management technique, whether ETT or PLMA, did not substantially impact antral CSA, vital parameters, respiratory parameters, or postoperative recovery.
Comparing the priming methods of anesthesia circuits using passive and ventilator-assisted techniques—An exploratory study
Authors: John Indragandhi , Ramaraj Krishnaprabu , Devasagayam Booma 
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims:
Priming the breathing circuit with a volatile agent plays a major role in inhalational induction. It depends on the fresh gas flow rate (FGF), concentration setting of the volatile agent, and time taken to attain the desired end-tidal concentration. The aim of the study is to compare ventilator-assisted priming (VAP) and a passive priming technique using different fresh gas flows (FGFs) in neonatal, pediatric, and adult anesthetic circuits with sevoflurane vaporizer.

Methodology:
An exploratory study was conducted on a single Datex ohmeda GE Inc. workstation using three different circuits. In both techniques, FGF with 100% oxygen and 8% sevoflurane vaporizer concentration was set at 2 L/min, 4 L/min, and 8 L/min corresponding to their three groups FGF-2, FGF-4, and FGF-8, respectively. The time taken to achieve 6% sevoflurane concentration at the patient end of the circuit was measured. In this study, we have explored various combinations of tidal volumes, respiratory rates with three different fresh gas flows, and their priming time with sevoflurane consumption.

Results:
The minimum time required to prime neonate, pediatric, and adult circuits using the ventilator-assisted technique to attain end-tidal sevoflurane 6% is 29 seconds, 39 seconds, and 61 seconds with 2 L/min FGF. Their corresponding sevoflurane consumptions are 0.25 ml for the neonate circuit, 0.78 ml for the pediatric circuit, and 2 ml for the adult circuit.

Conclusion:
The ventilator-assisted priming technique is an effective and quick method to attain end-tidal sevoflurane 6% with low FGF (2 L/min), low tidal volume (100 ml), maximum respiratory rate (20), and minimal sevoflurane consumption when compared to the passive priming technique.
ESTIMASI PARAMETER DARI DISTRIBUSI LOMAX MENGGUNAKAN METODE BAYESIAN ENTROPY LOSS FUCTION
Authors: Sani Ridha Fadhila , Yanuar Ferra , Devianto Dodi 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research is estimating shape parameter (θ) of Lomax distribution with known shape parameter (β). Estimating parameter of Lomax Distribution using Bayesian Entropy Loss Function method with Gamma prior as conjugate prior of parameter (θ). The data used in this research is generated data which is obtained from R-Studio. Estimating parameter with Bayesian Entropy Loss Function Method from Lomax distribution with used shape parameter (θ=1) is and estimating parameter with Bayesian Entropy Loss Function Method from Lomax distribution with used shape parameter (θ=1,5) is . Estimating shape parameter (θ) will be evaluated used AIC, AICc, and BIC method
ANALISIS BIFURKASI DINAMIKA POPULASI PENGRAJIN SONGKET DALAM MENJAGA EKSISTENSI KERAJINAN SONGKET PANDAI SIKEK
Authors: Adryan Muhammad Rizki , Winanda Rara Sandhy 
Published: January 2025

Songket is called the "Queen of Textiles" because of its beauty and luxury, combined with the sparkle of gold and silver threads, is one type of textile. However, the selling value and economic potential of songket in Nagari Pandai Sikek are not in line with the number of craftsmen. This phenomenon was analyzed using mathematical modeling, focusing on local stability. As a result, three equilibrium points were found. The first equilibrium point describes a state in which there are only potential craftsmen. Meanwhile, the second equilibrium point indicates the presence of potential craftsmen, proficient craftsmen aged 18-35 years, and professional craftsmen, but no proficient craftsmen over 35 years old. At the third equilibrium point, there are potential craftsmen, proficient craftsmen over 35 years old, and professional craftsmen, but there are no proficient craftsmen aged 18-35 years. Bifurcation analysis shows that if the value is ,, then the songket craftsmen can still survive. However, if it is the songket craftsmen will experience rapid decline and will slowly become extinct
MODEL PERGERAKAN HARGA MINYAK MENTAH BRENT MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TIME SERIES DENGAN EFEK LONG MEMORY
Authors: Ramadhani Eza Syafri , Devianto Dodi , Yanuar Ferra 
Published: January 2025

Oil price movements are highly volatile and tend to be influenced over extended periods, often displaying long memory effect. This study utilizes the Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average (ARFIMA) model, a long memory model, to analyze and forecast crude oil prices using monthly Brent data from November 1998 to November 2023. The analysis confirms the presence of long memory in the Brent crude oil price data. The ARFIMA model is then developed by estimating the parameter using the Rescaled Range Statistics (R/S) method. The best model is selected based on the lowest AIC and BIC values. The results indicate that the optimal ARFIMA model closely aligns with the actual data patterns, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing the movements of Brent crude oil prices.