bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of sea level changes and the South Asian Monsoon on southern Red Sea oceanography over the last 30 ka
Authors: Sergiou Spyros , Geraga Maria , Rohling Eelco J. , Rodríguez-Sanz Laura , Hadjisolomou Ekaterini , Paraschos Francesca , Sakellariou Dimitris , Bailey Geoffrey 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe southern Red Sea is a key region for investigating the effect of climate forces on a semi-closed basin. Detailed micropaleontological (planktic foraminifera) and isotopic (δ18Ο, δ13C) analyses along with reconstructions of sea surface temperature and salinity on a sediment core from the Farasan banks revealed the imprints of sea level changes and the South Asian Monsoon on the area. Comparison with surrounding records provided insights on the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden (GoA)-Northwestern Arabian Sea (NWArS) water exchange pattern over the last 30 ka. During glacial sea-level lowstand, flow of water from the GoA prevented hypersalinity in the southern Red Sea. Deglacial sea level rise improved water mass exchange between the NWArS, GoA and the entire Red Sea, resulting in relatively similar surface water conditions during the early Holocene when sea-level rise slowed. Thus, sea level change is the major driver of Red Sea δ18O variability. Southwest Monsoon (SWM), which was dominant during the late glacial and Early–Middle Holocene, enhanced surface productivity in the southern Red Sea. Northeast Monsoon (NEM) dominated around Heinrich stadial 1, as indicated by a nearly aplanktonic zone that was probably caused by restricted GoA inflow and low productivity.
The Shadow Costs of Illiquidity
Authors: Jansen Kristy A. E. , Werker Bas J. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe solve a flexible model that captures transactions costs and infrequencies of trading opportunities for illiquid assets to better understand the shadow costs of illiquidity for different origins of asset illiquidity and heterogeneous investor types. We show that illiquidity that results in suboptimal asset allocation carries low shadow costs, whereas these costs are high when illiquidity restricts consumption. As a result, the shadow costs are high for short-term investors, investors who face substantial liquidity shocks, and investors who desire to allocate a large fraction of their wealth to illiquid assets.
The problem of low expectations and the principled politician
Authors: Schmitt Sam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNobel laureate James Buchanan downplays any theory of ethical politicians, focusing instead on rules which economize personal restraint, setting lower moral expectations. Through a constructive critique of James Buchanan’s work, I argue these lowered expectations come at a cost: degraded character in politicians, leading to constitutional decay. Buchanan lacks a theory to address choices between (a) action which furthers the politician’s self-interest and (b) action which protects some already accepted, good rule, but which does not further their self-interest. I generate a theory of the Principled Politician, an agent characterized by a prior commitment to fair play.
Reassessing power in the archaeological discourse. How collective, cooperative and affective perspectives may impact our understanding of social relations and organization in prehistory
Authors: Lund Julie , Furholt Martin , Austvoll Knut Ivar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper critically examines how power is understood and used in archaeological interpretation of prehistoric societies. We argue that studies on power within archaeology have been haltered in their interpretive potential, frequently limited to individualizing coercive power with androcentric connotations. We explore new avenues of power through a retrospective view. Drawing on ideas first conceptualized by Hannah Arendt, while also incorporating theoretical ideas from collective action, anarchistic theory and the affective turn, we argue that power as a phenomenon and explanation within archaeology can be refined and nuanced when approached through a lens of collective agency and the affective potential of material culture. This connects, furthermore, to how we today see and act on changing power dynamics.
Climatic Controls on the Spring Phytoplankton Growing Season in a Temperate Shelf Sea
Authors: Jardine J. E. , Palmer M. , Mahaffey C. , Holt J. , Wakelin S. , Artioli Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Northwest European Shelf is positioned directly beneath the North Atlantic Storm Track, within which the frequency and intensity of transient storms are modulated by large‐scale climatic oscillations. In temperate shelf seas, the impact of storms on the physical environment has received considerable attention, but the effect on biogeochemistry is less studied. Here, we use output from a multidecadal (1982–2015) coupled physical‐biogeochemical model supported by observations from ocean gliders to investigate phytoplankton growth throughout the winter‐spring transition. We define two separate phytoplankton growth events: the spring bloom, defined as the exponential growth following seasonal stratification, and the prebloom, occurring before stratification, and accounting for up to 22% of the total spring growth. Our results support the paradigm that light is a first‐order control, with the spring bloom initiating up to 22 days after stratification onset should light levels be too low to trigger the bloom. The prebloom is heavily influenced by the phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), demonstrated by an acceleration in the rate of increase of total chlorophyll concentrations (±90% confidence limit) from 7.6 ± 2.8 mg m−2 d−1 (during a positive AMO) to 13.1 ± 4.3 mg m−2 d−1 (negative AMO), due to modulation of periods of ephemeral stratification that occur between successive storms. We propose that phytoplankton growth in prebloom events might help buffer the lag between phytoplankton supply and larval recruitment, particularly during years when the spring bloom is delayed.
Advanced tools and methods for single-cell surgery
Authors: Shakoor Adnan , Gao Wendi , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Sun Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHighly precise micromanipulation tools that can manipulate and interrogate cell organelles and components must be developed to support the rapid development of new cell-based medical therapies, thereby facilitating in-depth understanding of cell dynamics, cell component functions, and disease mechanisms. This paper presents a literature review on micro/nanomanipulation tools and their control methods for single-cell surgery. Micromanipulation methods specifically based on laser, microneedle, and untethered micro/nanotools are presented in detail. The limitations of these techniques are also discussed. The biological significance and clinical applications of single-cell surgery are also addressed in this paper.
Controlling triplet–triplet upconversion and singlet-triplet annihilation in organic light-emitting diodes for injection lasing
Authors: Shukla Atul , Hasan Monirul , Banappanavar Gangadhar , Ahmad Viqar , Sobus Jan , Moore Evan G. , Kabra Dinesh , Lo Shih-Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSignificant progress has recently been made in the field of organic solid-state lasers. However, achieving lasing action from organic semiconductors under electrical excitation remains challenging due to losses introduced by triplet excitons. Here, we report experimental and theoretical results that confirm a positive contribution of triplet excitons for electrically-driven organic lasing via a bimolecular triplet-triplet upconversion (TTU) mechanism. We study a model fluorescent material, 9-(9-phenylcarbazole-3-yl)-10-(naphthalene-1-yl)anthracene, revealing that TTU can lower the threshold current densities required to achieve lasing under current injection. However, to achieve the best performance, the singlet-triplet annihilation (STA) must be simultaneously minimized. Hence, an experimental strategy to simultaneously obtain high TTU with low STA is demonstrated in host-guest system with coumarin 545T as the guest laser dye. This system has a low amplified spontaneous emission threshold of 1.7 µJ cm−2 under nanosecond optical pumping, and a more than three orders of magnitude improvement in J50 in organic light-emitting diodes as compared to a reference blend.
Stimulationsverfahren zur Behandlung von Demenzen
Authors: Faßbender Ronja V. , Goedecke Jana , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Fink Gereon R. , Onur Oezguer A. 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungAufgrund steigender Fallzahlen der Alzheimer-Erkrankung und bislang eher
mäßigem Erfolg der verfügbaren symptomatischen und
kausalen pharmakologischen Therapien besteht ein erheblicher Bedarf,
nicht-pharmakologische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zu erforschen. Im
Bereich der nicht-invasiven Hirnstimulation (non-invasive brain stimulation;
NIBS) wurden verschiedene Verfahren untersucht, insbesondere die transkranielle
Magnetstimulation und die transkranielle elektrische Stimulation.
Zusätzlich wird derzeit die Tiefe Hirnstimulation (deep brain
stimulation; DBS) als innovatives Verfahren zur gezielten Neuromodulation
erforscht. Nicht-invasiven und invasiven Ansätzen gemein ist der
Versuch, neuronale Aktivität zu modulieren und kognitiv-mnestische
Funktionen zu verbessern. Durch sekundäre Mechanismen wie die
Langzeit-Potenzierung bei NIBS oder Neurogenese bei DBS könnten auch
längerfristige positive Effekte erzielt werden. Präklinische und
klinische Studien ergaben bereits vielversprechende Ergebnisse bei Patientinnen
und Patienten in frühen Stadien der Alzheimer-Erkrankung. Inkonsistente
Studien- und Stimulationsprotokolle sowie kleine Stichproben erschweren jedoch
die Bewertung der Wirksamkeit. Weitere Forschungsbemühungen sind
angebracht, um einen zeitnahen Einzug nicht-invasiver oder invasiver
neuromodulatorischer Ansätze in die klinische Praxis zu
ermöglichen.
Metal-Free Thiolation and Hydroxylation of CF3-Substituted Alkenes: A Practical Method to Synthesize Trifluoromethyl Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Chun , Niu Jiapan , Liu Bowen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA novel and practical method to synthesize trifluoromethyl tertiary alcohols has been developed. Under mild reaction conditions, the present reaction could be compatible with a wide range of functional groups. Moreover, the performance of gram-scale reaction and further transformations illustrated the good potential utility of the present chemistry. Furthermore, the radical process of this reaction has been proved by mechanistic studies.
Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion—Can a Standalone Zero-Profile Titanium Cage a Better Alternative Option to Traditional Cervical Plate-Titanium Cage Combination?: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Gaike Chandrashekhar , Gadekar Girish , Kardile Shraddha , Panat Mangesh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Anterior cervical plating in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has inherent drawbacks like plate loosening, screw pullout, breakage, trachea-esophageal irritation and fistula, increased operation time, and increased duration of hospital stay. Due to low profile and in-built screw fixation slots, Zero-profile (Zero-P) cages are becoming popular among spine surgeons since they are supposed to minimize drawbacks that are associated with anterior cervical plates.
Aims In our study, we evaluated two different fixation methods: (1) anterior cervical plate plus titanium cage and (2) zero-P titanium cages with respect to duration of surgery, length of hospitalization, rate of fusion, and postoperative complications.
Materials and Methods This was a comparative prospective observational study with a sample size of 30 patients. Patients with cervical compressive disease (radiculopathy/myelopathy or combined symptoms) who require ACDF and fit in inclusion criteria were divided in two groups: group A—anterior cervical plate and titanium cage and group B—Zero-P titanium.
Statistical Analysis Used Mann–Whitney U test was used for the duration of stay, and Student's t-test was used for the duration of surgery.
Results C4–5 level was most commonly involved followed by C5–C6 level and C3–C4 level. The mean duration of surgery in group A was 141.3 minutes and group B was 111.3 minutes. The mean duration of stay in group A was 4.40 days and group B was 2.0 days. Two patients in group A and one patient in group B had dysphagia. One each in both groups had developed hoarseness of voice after surgery. Two patients in group A and one in group B had persistent donor site pain till 6 weeks to 2 months. One patient each of both groups had cage subsidence. Almost all patients in both groups achieved fusion by 6 months.
Conclusion ACDF with standalone Zero-P cage is equally good. Duration of surgery and duration of stay were shorter in standalone Zero-P cage group. We feel it is good for patients and healthcare since it reduces overall financial burden.
Effect of
Authors: Khatun Momena , García Sergio C. , Thomson Peter C. , Parker Alysia M. , Bruckmaier Rupert M. , Bosward Katrina L. 
Published: May 2022

Context The role of Coxiella burnetii in intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cows is not fully understood. Aims The objective of this study was to investigate changes in milk constituents and behaviour such as daily activity (arbitrary unit/day) and daily rumination (min/day) in cows exposed to C. burnetii. Methods In total, 1029 quarter milk samples were manually collected from 48 cows before and after alveolar milk ejection in the automatic milking rotary at the University of Sydney’s dairy farm. Each milk sample was analysed for the following parameters: immunoglobulin G (cIgG) against C. burnetii via ELISA, somatic cell count (SCC), total immunoglobulin G (tIgG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum albumin (SA), milk protein%, milk fat%, and subjected to microbiological culture. The daily activity and daily rumination changes were recorded using heat- and rumination long-distance tags across 21 days before detection of IMI (n = 42 cows). Linear and logistic mixed models were used, with ‘cow’ and ‘quarter nested within cow’ as random effects. Results The presence of cIgG was quarter-specific; the cIgG+ quarters (n = 64) had significantly greater tIgG (P < 0.001), LDH (P < 0.001), SA (P < 0.001) and milk protein% (P = 0.002) than did cIgG− quarters (n = 279). The cIgG+ quarters had significantly greater SCC, tIgG, LDH and SA responses than did controls (P < 0.05), but lower responses than did Gram-negative coliform IMI (P < 0.05). Gram-positive IMI caused by coagulase positive/negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium spp. in cIgG+ quarters resulted in greater tIgG, LDH and SA responses than in control quarters (P < 0.05). Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus IMI was associated with the presence of cIgG as assessed by Fisher’s exact test (P < 0.05). The cIgG+ group had a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in daily rumination compared with the cIgG− group in the study period. Conclusions and implications The cIgG antibody responses are quarter specific with greater tIgG, LDH, SA and milk protein in the affected quarters, as well as behavioural changes in the cow, and therefore might be useful for detection of C. burnetii IMI.
When being flexible matters: Ecological underpinnings for the evolution of collective flexibility and task allocation
Authors: Staps Merlijn , Tarnita Corina E. 
Published: April 2022

Significance
A central problem in evolutionary biology is explaining variation in the organization of task allocation across collective systems. Why do human cells irreversibly adopt a task during development (e.g., kidney vs. liver cell), while sponge cells switch between different cell types? And why have only some ant species evolved specialized castes of workers for particular tasks? Although it seems reasonable to suppose that such differences reflect, at least partially, the different ecological pressures that systems face, there is no general understanding of how a system’s dynamic environment shapes its task allocation. To this end, we develop a general mathematical framework that reveals how simple ecological considerations could potentially explain cross-system variation in task allocation—including in flexibility, specialization, and (in)activity.
Frozen dynamics of a breather induced by an adiabatic invariant
Authors: Politi Antonio , Politi Paolo , Iubini Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation is a Hamiltonian model displaying an extremely slow relaxation process when discrete breathers appear in the system. In (Iubini et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
122 084102), it was conjectured that the frozen dynamics of tall breathers is due to the existence of an adiabatic invariant (AI). Here, we prove the conjecture in the simplified context of a unidirectional DNLS equation, where the breather is ‘forced’ by a background unaffected by the breather itself. We first clarify that the nonlinearity of the breather dynamics and the deterministic nature of the forcing term are both necessary ingredients for the existence of a frozen dynamics. We then derive perturbative expressions of the AI by implementing a canonical perturbation theory and via a more phenomenological approach based on the estimate of the energy flux. The resulting accurate identification of the AI allows revealing the presence and role of sudden jumps as the main breather destabilization mechanism, with an unexpected similarity with Lévy processes.
OpenMDlr: parallel, open-source tools for general protein structure modeling and refinement from pairwise distances
Authors: Davidson Russell B , Woods Jess , Effler T Chad , Thavappiragasam Mathialakan , Mitchell Julie C , Parks Jerry M , Sedova Ada 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSummaryEasy-to-use, open-source, general-purpose programs for modeling a protein structure from inter-atomic distances are needed for modeling from experimental data and refinement of predicted protein structures. OpenMDlr is an open-source Python package for modeling protein structures from pairwise distances between any atoms, and optionally, dihedral angles. We provide a user-friendly input format for harnessing modern biomolecular force fields in an easy-to-install package that can efficiently make use of multiple compute cores.Availability and ImplementationOpenMDlr is available at https://github.com/BSDExabio/OpenMDlr-amber. The package is written in Python (versions 3.x). All dependencies are open-source and can be installed with the Conda package management system.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Chronic diseases and comorbidities in adults with and without intellectual disabilities: comparative cross-sectional study in Dutch general practice
Authors: van den Bemd Milou , Schalk Bianca W M , Bischoff Erik W M A , Cuypers Maarten , Leusink Geraline L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Chronic disease and comorbidity patterns in people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are more complex than in the general population. However, incomplete understanding of these differences limits care providers in addressing them.

Objective
To compare chronic disease and comorbidity patterns in chronically ill patients with and without ID in Dutch general practice.

Methods
In this population-based study, a multi-regional primary care database of 2018 was combined with national population data to improve identification of adults with ID. Prevalence was calculated using Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the highest-impact chronic diseases (ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) and comorbidities.

Results
Information from 18,114 people with ID and 1,093,995 people without ID was available. When considering age and sex, CVD (PR = 1.1), DM (PR = 1.6), and COPD (PR = 1.5) times more prevalent in people with than without ID. At younger age, people with ID more often had a chronic disease and multiple comorbidities. Males with ID most often had a chronic disease and multiple comorbidities. Comorbidities of circulatory nature were most common.

Conclusions
This study identified a younger onset of chronic illness and a higher prevalence of multiple comorbidities among people with ID in general practice than those without ID. This underlines the complexity of people with ID and chronic diseases in general practice. As this study confirmed the earlier onset of chronic diseases and comorbidities, it is recommended to acknowledge these age differences when following chronic disease guidelines.
When Machine and Bandwagon Heuristics Compete: Understanding Users’ Response to Conflicting AI and Crowdsourced Fact-Checking
Authors: Banas John A , Palomares Nicholas A , Richards Adam S , Keating David M , Joyce Nick , Rains Stephen A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Three experiments tested if the machine and bandwagon heuristics moderate beliefs in fact-checked claims under different conditions of human/machine (dis)agreement and of transparency of the fact-checking system. Across experiments, people were more likely to align their belief in the claim when artificial intelligence (AI) and crowdsourcing agents’ fact-checks were congruent rather than incongruent. The heuristics provided further nuance to the processes, especially as a particular agent suggested truth verdicts. That is, people with stronger belief in the machine heuristic were more likely to judge the claim as true when an AI agent’s fact-check suggested the claim was likely true but not false; likewise, people with stronger belief in the bandwagon heuristic were more likely to judge the claim as true when the crowdsource agent fact-checked the claim to be true but not false. Making the system more transparent to users does not appear to change results.
Time-Restricted Feeding Studies and Possible Human Benefit
Authors: Boyd Patrick , O’Connor Sydney G , Heckman-Stoddard Brandy M , Sauter Edward R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome consists of a constellation of clinical factors associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Preclinical studies demonstrate that restricting the time during a 24-hour period when an obese animal eats (time-restricted feeding) leads to metabolic benefits. These benefits, which may or may not be associated with weight loss, often lead to improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Studies seeking to determine whether similar benefits result when humans restrict daily eating time (time-restricted eating) are less mature and less consistent in their findings. In this commentary, we outline some of the exciting preclinical findings, the challenges that preliminary studies in humans present, and efforts of the US National Institutes of Health and specifically the National Cancer Institute to address the role of time-restricted eating in cancer.