bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pectolinarigenin shows lipid‐lowering effects by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lan Zhou , Zhang Kun , He Jianhui , Kang Qiong , Meng Wei , Wang Songhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPectolinarigenin is the main flavonoid compound and presents in Linaria vulgaris and Cirsium chanroenicum. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was applied to dissect the effect of pectolinarigenin on the transcriptome changes in the high lipid Huh‐7 cells induced by oleic acid. RNA‐seq results revealed that 15 pathways enriched by downregulated genes are associated with cell metabolism including cholesterol metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. Moreover, 13 key genes related to lipid metabolism were selected. Among them, PPARG coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were found to be upregulated, solute carrier family 27 member 1(SLC27A1), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), fatty‐acid synthase (FASN), 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylglutaryl‐CoA Reductase (HMGCR), etc. were found to be downregulated. Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis were all significantly downregulated, according to gene set variation analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. Besides, protein levels of FASN, ACACA, and SLC27A1 were all decreased, whereas PPARγ and CPT1A were increased. Docking models showed that PPARγ may be a target for pectolinarigenin. Furthermore, pectolinarigenin reduced serum TG and hepatic TG, and improved insulin sensitivity in vivo. Our findings suggest that pectolinarigenin may target PPARγ and prevent fatty acid biosynthesis.
Excellent Photocatalytic Activity of a Novel Hydroxyapatite Based Composite (ZnFe2O4/HAp‐Sn2+) Towards Degradation of Ofloxacin and Norfloxacin Antibiotics
Authors: Bharali Linkon , Kalita Juri , Dhar Siddhartha S. , Moyon N. Shaemningwar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAntibiotic contamination in wastewater has become a matter of great concern due to the rapid industrial progress. The majority of antibiotic pollution in the environment occurs due to the waste from animal farms, aquaculture, sewage from antibiotic factories and hospitals. Therefore, it is vital to develop efficient and ecologically friendly photocatalysts for the degradation of such pollutants. In this paper, we report synthesis of ZnFe2O4/HAp‐Sn2+, a novel nanocomposite by three‐step processes using hydrothermal treatment followed by calcination. The as‐synthesized composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet diffused reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐DRS), polycrystalline (or power) X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as‐prepared composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of two antibiotics namely ofloxacin (OFL) and norfloxacin (NFL) under natural sunlight without use of any oxidizing or reducing agents. Scavenger studies were also carried out to ascertain the active radicals such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical during the photodegradation process.
Inexpensive substrate sampler for macroinvertebrates
Authors: Reed Melissa L. , Jones Gabrielle E. , Hoback William W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAssessment of aquatic macroinvertebrates is a critical component of many watershed monitoring programs and passive samplers are often used to collect long‐term site data, especially in environments where active sampling is not possible. However, standard passive samplers can be expensive and lost in extreme conditions. We developed a sampler using plastic soda bottles (PSB) filled with river rock and compared its effectiveness with standard Hester‐Dendy samplers in both lotic and lentic environments. Abundance, taxa richness, and macroinvertebrate composition showed no significant differences between sampler types in either habitat type. PSB samplers, which can be constructed for less than one dollar each, collected the same number of organisms and represented the same diversity as Hester‐Dendy devices that cost around $38 each. In studies where funds are limited, PSB samplers appear to be suitable for passive monitoring.
S-folds and AdS3 flows from the D3-brane
Authors: Guarino Adolfo , Suh Minwoo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate supersymmetric flows in type IIB supergravity that preserve an SO(2, 2) space-time symmetry and asymptote to AdS5× S5 at both endpoints. The flows are constructed as Janus-type ℝ × AdS3 BPS domain-walls in the effective four-dimensional [SO(1, 1) × SO(6)] ⋉ ℝ12 gauged maximal supergravity describing the massless sector of type IIB supergravity compactified on S1 × S5. The compactification includes an S-duality hyperbolic twist along the S1 which, when combined with an appropriate choice of boundary conditions for the running scalars, generates special flows that develop an S-fold regime at their core, thus enhancing the space-time symmetry there to SO(2, 3). Via the AdS/CFT correspondence, the flows constructed here are conjectured to describe conformal interfaces in a circle compactification of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM4.
Exact stringy microstates from gauge theories
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study how the microstates of BPS sectors in string theory are organized in the dual U(N) gauge theory. The microstates take the form of a coherent sum of stacks of branes and their open/closed string excitations. We propose a prescription to holographically construct the indices of string/brane configurations by analyzing the modifications of determinant operators in gauge theory. The string/brane configurations should be interpreted in the tensionless limit, but their indices are well-defined at finite N. In various examples, we provide evidence that a sum, of the giant graviton-type recently proposed in the literature, over all such configurations gives the finite N gauge theory index. Finally, we discuss how these microstates assemble in the BPS Hilbert space and in what circumstances the branes can form bound states to produce black hole degeneracies.
Scalar modular bootstrap and zeros of the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Benjamin Nathan , Chang Cyuan-Han 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using the technology of harmonic analysis, we derive a crossing equation that acts only on the scalar primary operators of any two-dimensional conformal field theory with U(1)c symmetry. From this crossing equation, we derive bounds on the scalar gap of all such theories. Rather remarkably, our crossing equation contains information about all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. As a result, we rephrase the Riemann hypothesis purely as a statement about the asymptotic density of scalar operators in certain two-dimensional conformal field theories. We discuss generalizations to theories with only Virasoro symmetry.
Stronger together: community participation, structural stigma, and depression among sexual and gender minority adults in 28 European countries
Authors: Ünsal Berk C. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Reinhardt Melinda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Although discriminatory laws, policies, and public attitudes (i.e., structural stigma) are linked to adverse mental health outcomes among sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations, little attention has been paid to protective factors, such as community participation, about which inconsistencies exist whether it ameliorates or exacerbates mental health burdens. Thus, we examined the mediator roles of identity disclosure and victimization and the moderator role of structural stigma in the association of community participation with depression.

Methods
Data from the EU-LGBTI-II survey assessing community participation, identity disclosure, victimization, and depression among sexual minority men (n = 62,939), women (n = 38,976), and gender minority adults (n = 15,845) in 28 European countries were used. Structural stigma was measured as discriminatory legislation, policies, and societal attitudes using publicly available data.

Results
Findings showed that community participation predicted lower and higher levels of depression through identity disclosure and victimization, respectively. For sexual minority men and women, structural stigma moderated the indirect effect through identity disclosure, with a larger effect in higher structural stigma countries. Only for sexual minority men, the indirect effect through victimization was also moderated, with a larger effect in high-stigma countries. For gender minorities, no moderation effect was found.

Conclusions
Community participation is differentially linked to depression through identity disclosure and victimization, and as a function of structural stigma. It can be a double-edged sword, especially for sexual minority men in high-stigma countries, who are expected to pay the price while enjoying its benefits, highlighting the targets and considerations for interventions.
Adverse outcomes associated with recorded victimization in mental health electronic records during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kadra-Scalzo Giouliana , Kornblum Daisy , Stewart Robert , Howard Louise M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe impact of COVID-19 pandemic policies on vulnerable groups such as people with mental health problems who experience violence remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of victimization recorded in mental healthcare records during the first UK lockdown, and associations with subsequent adverse outcomes.MethodsUsing a large mental healthcare database, we identified all adult patients receiving services between 16.12.2019 and 15.06.2020 and extracted records of victimisation between 16.03.2020 and 15.06.2020 (first UK COVID-19 lockdown). We investigated adverse outcomes including acute care, emergency department referrals and all-cause mortality in the year following the lockdown (16.06.2020- 01.11.2021). Multivariable Cox regressions models were constructed, adjusting for socio-demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and service use factors.ResultsOf 21,037 adults receiving mental healthcare over the observation period, 3,610 (17.2%) had victimisation mentioned between 16.03.2020 and 15.06.2020 (first UK COVID-19 lockdown). Service users with mentions of victimisation in their records had an elevated risk for all outcomes: acute care (adjusted HR: 2.1; 95%CI 1.9–2.3,p < 0.001), emergency department referrals (aHR: 2.0; 95%CI 1.8–2.2;p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (aHR: 1.5; 95%CI 1.1–1.9;p = 0.003), when compared to service users with no recorded victimisation. We did not observe a statistically significant interaction with gender; however, after adjusting for possible confounders, men had slightly higher hazard ratios for all-cause mortality and emergency department referrals than women.ConclusionPatients with documented victimisation during the first UK lockdown were at increased risk for acute care, emergency department referrals and all-cause mortality. Further research is needed into mediating mechanisms.
Wing jig shape optimisation with gradient-assisted metamodel building in a trust-region optimisation framework
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jia Dongsheng , Bontoft Elliot Karl , Toropov Vassili 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSignificant computational resources are required to obtain an optimised wing jig shape by solving a high-fidelity large-scale aero-structural design optimisation problem. Gradient-based methods are efficient; however, some of the features of real-life engineering problems including numerical noise that pollutes the function values and occurrences of failed evaluations in the optimisation may limit their performance. To address these issues, this paper presents the latest developments in the multipoint approximation method (MAM) based on a gradient-assisted metamodel assembly technique within a trust-region optimisation framework. The proposed method is tested by a benchmark case first, and then, an aircraft wing jig shape optimisation problem is offered to demonstrate its performance. The gradient-based optimisation is used as a benchmark case, and the metamodel-based optimisation utilises the latest developments in MAM to solve the same problem. The results show that the proposed method can achieve the same design goal as the gradient-based method but with enhanced robustness and efficient performance. In the wing jig shape optimisation, the difference in the design objective, the global equivalent drag coefficient, between the two aforementioned optimisation approaches is 0.20 counts, whose relative difference is approximately 0.10%. Three approximate sub-optimisations have been conducted in every iteration of the metamodel-based optimisation to reduce the possibility of local optimality, while the overall elapsed time of the metamodel-based optimisation is approximately 1.98 times that of one gradient-based optimisation, which confirms the competitiveness of the proposed method bearing in mind the added safeguards for numerical noise, failed evaluations and possible local optimality.
Boltzmann collision operator for polyatomic gases in agreement with experimental data and DSMC method
Authors: Djordjić Vladimir , Oblapenko Georgii , Pavić-Čolić Milana , Torrilhon Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the Boltzmann equation based on a continuous internal energy variable to model polyatomic gases with constant specific heats. We propose a family of models for the collision kernel and evaluate the nonlinear Boltzmann collision operator to get explicit expressions for transport coefficients like shear and bulk viscosities, thermal conductivity, depending on the collision kernel parameters. This model is shown to contain as a special case the collision kernel used in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method with the variable hard sphere cross section. Then, we show that it is possible to choose parameters in such a way that we recover various physical phenomena, in particular, experimental data for the shear viscosity, Prandtl number and the ratio of bulk and shear viscosities at the same time.
New method of metrological evaluation of industrial rolling bearing vibration measurement systems
Authors: Wrzochal Mateusz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe paper concerns a new method for evaluating industrial rolling bearing vibration measurement systems. The aim of the research performed was to evaluate the measurement accuracy of three measurement systems, which differ from each other in the key design features of the functional components. For this purpose, an additional reference point was used, which was a laser Doppler vibrometer. The use of an additional reference point made it possible to decouple the vibration measurement indications from spontaneous changes in the dynamic state of the rolling bearings. The newly suggested procedure was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, vibration spectra obtained from the independent sensor were analysed, while in the second stage, system indications were compared with reference sensor indications to assess measurement accuracy. The results obtained made it possible to identify the most accurate system, to assess the design of the components of the devices tested, as well as to detect undesirable factors undermining the accuracy of the measurement, and to obtain hints for improving the accuracy of industrial rolling bearing vibration systems.
Nitrofurantoin-induced liver injury: long-term follow-up in two prospective DILI registries
Authors: Bessone Fernando , Ferrari Antonella , Hernandez Nelia , Mendizabal Manuel , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Zerega Alina , Tanno Federico , Reggiardo Maria Virginia , Vorobioff Julio , Tanno Hugo , Arrese Marco , Nunes Vinicius , Tagle Martin , Medina-Caliz Inmaculada , Robles-Diaz Mercedes , Niu Hao , Alvarez-Alvarez Ismael , Stephens Camilla , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNitrofurantoin is a synthetic antibiotic that is recommended as first-choice treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The prescription of this drug has increased dramatically, especially in Latin American countries. We described the demographics, clinical characteristics, biochemical features, and outcome of nitrofurantoin-induced liver injury. We analyzed 23 cases from the Latin American DILI Network (LATINDILI) and the Spanish DILI Registry. Causality was assessed with the RUCAM and RECAM scale. Of the 23 DILI cases included in our series, 96% patients were women, and the mean age of the whole cohort was 61 years. The median time of drug exposure was 175 days (interquartile range [IQR] 96–760), with 11 patients who were prescribed nitrofurantoin for more than six months. Hepatocellular damage was the most frequent pattern of liver injury (83%), and nearly half of the patients had an asymptomatic presentation (52%). Neither death nor liver transplantation was documented in this series. Overall, 65% of the patients (n = 15) presented with positive autoantibody titres. The median time to resolution was 81 days (IQR 57–141), and 15 patients (83%) recovered within six months. Five patients (22%) developed nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (NI-AILH), of whom two were characterized by a persistent increase in transaminases that required immunosuppressive treatment to achieve normalization of liver enzymes. Clinicians who prescribe nitrofurantoin should be aware that patients who had taken nitrofurantoin for a long term may be at risk of developing nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis.
Theory of visual attention (TVA) applied to rats performing the 5-choice serial reaction time task: differential effects of dopaminergic and noradrenergic manipulations
Authors: Hervig Mona El-Sayed , Toschi Chiara , Petersen Anders , Vangkilde Signe , Gether Ulrik , Robbins Trevor W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Rationale
Attention is compromised in many psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While dopamine and noradrenaline systems have been implicated in ADHD, their exact role in attentional processing is yet unknown.

Objectives
We applied the theory of visual attention (TVA) model, adapted from human research, to the rat 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) to investigate catecholaminergic modulation of visual attentional processing in healthy subjects of high- and low-attention phenotypes.

Methods
Rats trained on the standard 5CSRTT and tested with variable stimulus durations were treated systemically with noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic agents (atomoxetine, methylphenidate, amphetamine, phenylephrine and atipamezole). TVA modelling was applied to estimate visual processing speed for correct and incorrect visual perceptual categorisations, independent of motor reaction times, as measures of attentional capacity.

Results
Atomoxetine and phenylephrine decreased response frequencies, including premature responses, increased omissions and slowed responding. In contrast, methylphenidate, amphetamine and atipamezole sped up responding and increased premature responses. Visual processing speed was also affected differentially. Atomoxetine and phenylephrine slowed, whereas methylphenidate and atipamezole sped up, visual processing, both for correct and incorrect categorisations. Amphetamine selectively improved visual processing for correct, though not incorrect, responses in high-attention rats only, possibly reflecting improved attention.

Conclusions
These data indicate that the application of TVA to the 5CSRTT provides an enhanced sensitivity to capturing attentional effects. Unexpectedly, we found overall slowing effects, including impaired visual processing, following drugs either increasing extracellular noradrenaline (atomoxetine) or activating the α1-adrenoceptor (phenylephrine), while also ameliorating premature responses (impulsivity). In contrast, amphetamine had potential pro-attentional effects by enhancing visual processing, probably due to central dopamine upregulation.
Climate change information over Fenno-Scandinavia produced with a convection-permitting climate model
Authors: Lind Petter , Belušić Danijel , Médus Erika , Dobler Andreas , Pedersen Rasmus A. , Wang Fuxing , Matte Dominic , Kjellström Erik , Landgren Oskar , Lindstedt David , Christensen Ole B. , Christensen Jens H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents results from high-resolution climate change simulations that permit convection and resolve mesoscale orography at 3-km grid spacing over Fenno-Scandinavia using the HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIM) model. Two global climate models (GCMs) have been dynamically down-scaled for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios and for both near and far future periods in the 21st century. The warmer and moister climate conditions simulated in the GCMs lead to changes in precipitation characteristics. Higher precipitation amounts are simulated in fall, winter and spring, while in summer, precipitation increases in northern Fenno-Scandinavia and decreases in the southern parts of the domain. Both daily and sub-daily intense precipitation over Fenno-Scandinavia become more frequent at the expense of low-intensity events, with most pronounced shifts in summer. In the Scandinavian mountains, pronounced changes occur in the snow climate with a shift in precipitation falling as snow to rain, reduced snow cover and less days with a significant snow depth. HCLIM at 3-km grid spacing exhibits systematically different change responses in several aspects, e.g. a smaller shift from snow to rain in the western part of the Scandinavian mountains and a more consistent decrease in the urban heat island effect by the end of the 21st century. Most importantly, the high-resolution HCLIM shows a significantly stronger increase in summer hourly precipitation extremes compared to HCLIM at the intermediate 12-km grid spacing. In addition, an analysis of the statistical significance of precipitation changes indicates that simulated time periods of at least a couple of decades is recommended to achieve statistically robust results, a matter of important concern when running such high-resolution climate model experiments. The results presented here emphasizes the importance of using “convection-permitting” models to produce reliable climate change information over the Fenno-Scandinavian region.