bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Race and Ethnicity With Medication Use for Pediatric Lupus in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry
Authors: Roberts Jordan E. , Berbert Laura , Chang Joyce , Son Mary Beth F. ,   for the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry Investigators
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveBlack and Hispanic children with pediatric lupus (pSLE) have higher morbidity and mortality than non‐Hispanic White children. The extent to which differences in outcomes are due to treatment disparities, including medication use, is unknown. We aimed to determine whether medication use in pSLE is associated with race and ethnicity in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry.MethodsPatients with pSLE enrolled in the CARRA Registry from 2017 to 2020 were included. Multivariable mixed‐effect logistic regression, adjusted for site of care, was used to compare use of antimalarials, high‐dose oral glucocorticoids, and rituximab in Black and Hispanic children.ResultsWe identified 639 children with pSLE, of whom 480 had at least 1 year of follow‐up. At enrollment, 89% of patients were prescribed an antimalarial and 50% were on high‐dose glucocorticoids. Of those with 1 year of follow‐up, 12% received rituximab. Nephritis, shorter disease duration, and higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 scores were associated with high‐dose glucocorticoid use. Antimalarial use was higher among those with nephritis and lower in children with no insurance. Rituximab use was associated with Black race in the fixed‐effects model but not when adjusted for site of care.ConclusionWe identified differences in medication use by race and insurance status. Site of care was associated with the racial differences observed in rituximab use. Further research is needed to optimize pSLE treatments particularly where use is highly variable, including glucocorticoid dosing and use of rituximab, and understand the impact of practice variation on disparities in pSLE outcomes.
Mechanisms for Reduced Fibrin Clot Formation on Liquid‐Infused Surfaces
Authors: Hong Jun Ki , Ruhoff Alexander M. , Mathur Kavya , Neto Chiara , Waterhouse Anna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiomedical devices are prone to blood clot formation (thrombosis), and liquid‐infused surfaces (LIS) are effective in reducing the thrombotic response. However, the mechanisms that underpin this performance, and in particular the role of the lubricant, are not well understood. In this work, it is investigated whether the mechanism of LIS action is related to i) inhibition of factor XII (FXII) activation and the contact pathway; ii) reduced fibrin density of clots formed on surfaces; iii) increased mobility of proteins or cells on the surface due to the interfacial flow of the lubricant. The chosen LIS is covalently tethered, nanostructured layers of perfluorocarbons, infused with thin films of medical‐grade perfluorodecalin (tethered‐liquid perfluorocarbon), prepared with chemical vapor deposition previously optimized to retain lubricant under flow. Results show that in the absence of external flow, interfacial mobility is inherently higher at the liquid–blood interface, making it a key contributor to the low thrombogenicity of LIS, as FXII activity and fibrin density are equivalent at the interface. The findings of this study advance the understanding of the anti‐thrombotic behavior of LIS‐coated biomedical devices for future coating design. More broadly, enhanced interfacial mobility may be an important, underexplored mechanism for the anti‐fouling behavior of surface coatings.
Ultrathin Piezoelectric Resonators Based on Graphene and Free‐Standing Single‐Crystal BaTiO3
Authors: Lee Martin , Renshof Johannes R. , van Zeggeren Kasper J. , Houmes Maurits J. A. , Lesne Edouard , Šiškins Makars , van Thiel Thierry C. , Guis Ruben H. , van Blankenstein Mark R. , Verbiest Gerard J. , Caviglia Andrea D. , van der Zant Herre S. J. , Steeneken Peter G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSuspended piezoelectric thin films are key elements enabling high‐frequency filtering in telecommunication devices. To meet the requirements of next‐generation electronics, it is essential to reduce device thickness for reaching higher resonance frequencies. Here, the high‐quality mechanical and electrical properties of graphene electrodes are combined with the strong piezoelectric performance of the free‐standing complex oxide, BaTiO3 (BTO), to create ultrathin piezoelectric resonators. It is demonstrated that the device can be brought into mechanical resonance by piezoelectric actuation. By sweeping the DC bias voltage on the top graphene electrode, the BTO membrane is switched between the two poled ferroelectric states. Remarkably, ferroelectric hysteresis is also observed in the resonance frequency, magnitude and Q‐factor of the first membrane mode. In the bulk acoustic mode, the device vibrates at 233 GHz. This work demonstrates the potential of combining van der Waals materials with complex oxides for next‐generation electronics, which not only opens up opportunities for increasing filter frequencies, but also enables reconfiguration by poling, via ferroelectric memory effect.
Renewable dissymmetric sulfonate gemini surfactants from addition of sodium hydrogensulfite to alkyl linoleate
Authors: Li Xu , Li Jiaqi , Jia Zhengze , Yang Lijun , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new series of bio‐based sulfonate gemini surfactants was synthesized through esterification of renewable linoleic acid with various alcohols and subsequent sulfonation with readily available sodium hydrogensulfite (NaHSO3). Organocatalytic sulfonation of methyl linoleate with NaHSO3 by the triethylamine and tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate catalyst system was investigated, where a methyl linoleate conversion of 96.4% could be achieved while generating high purity product without tedious purification. Three resulting sodium alkyl linoleate disulfonates (SALDs) have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared, high‐performance liquid chromatography, LC–MS, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, and thermogravimetric analysis. The physicochemical properties and surface properties of the SALDs at various concentrations were investigated. The results showed that the SALDs exhibited low Krafft temperature, high water solubility, foam stability (foam half‐life time could reach 15 min), emulsifying ability (emulsification time of 2.0 g/L is 192 s), and good thermal stability. This study enriches the family of anionic gemini surfactants and provides reference data for facile preparation of gemini surfactants.
Mesoporous silica nanostructure modified with azo gatekeepers for colon targeted delivery of 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Farjadian Fatemeh , Moghadam Maryam , Monfared Mohammad , Mohammadi‐Samani Soliman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, amino‐functionalized mesoporous silica (MS) particles were synthesized and loaded with the anticancer drug, 5‐Fu. In a post‐modification reaction, the pores were gated by an azobenzene derivative to act as an enzyme‐responsive drug delivery system. The synthesis and characterization of the MS structure were validated using various instrumental techniques such as XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, and FE‐SEM and TEM. The loading efficiency and capacity of 5‐Fu adsorption onto MS were evaluated; the adsorption isotherm graphs were plotted. The enzyme responsiveness feature of this nanocarrier was tested in the 5‐Fu release study. The 5‐Fu release from MS and the azo‐capped compound was measured, and when sodium dithionite was used as a reducing agent and an azoreductase enzyme mimicker, the controlled release was observed. Finally, the cytotoxicity of 5‐Fu loaded and azo‐capped MS in normal medium and sodium dithionate‐containing medium was evaluated and compared with the cytotoxicity of the free drug.
Heterocyclic Hemithioindigos: Highly Advantageous Properties as Molecular Photoswitches**
Authors: Josef Verena , Hampel Frank , Dube Henry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA survey of heterocyclic hemithioindigo photoswitches is presented identifying a number of structural motives with outstanding property profiles. The highly sought‐after combination of pronounced color change, quantitative switching in both directions, exceptional high quantum yields, and tunable high thermal stability of metastable states can be realized with 4‐imidazole, 2‐pyrrole, and 3‐indole‐based derivatives. In the former, an unusual preorganization using isomer selective chalcogen‐ and hydrogen bonding allows to precisely control geometry changes and tautomerism upon switching. Heterocyclic hemithioindigos thus represent highly promising photoswitches with advanced capabilities that will be of great value to anyone interested in establishing defined and reversible control at the molecular level.
Local silica sand as a silica source in the synthesis of Y zeolite
Authors: Al‐nayili Abbas , Rzoqy Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this research is to generate Y zeolite using local silica sand as a source of silica via the hydrothermal method. Prior to synthesis, contaminants were removed from the local silica sand using hydrochloric acid, and Al2O3 was utilized as an aluminum source. Y zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized at 100± 1°C. Room temperature and 48 h were chosen as the aging temperature and period, respectively. In this synthesis, the impact of reaction time and different SiO2/Al2O3 and Na2O/SiO2 ratios were explored. The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and FT‐IR. Y zeolite, with a low SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (3.0–3.9), was synthesized at a high yield under low alkalinity conditions (Na2O/SiO2 = 0.9–2.0) after optimizing the synthesis time. The competitive phase was P zeolite, which was found in the products at high reaction time (12 h). However, pure Y zeolite with high crystallinity was produced under optimum circumstances, such as crystallization temperature (100°C) and 10 h. The findings reveal that reaction time has a role in the generation of Y zeolite. It has been revealed that low‐cost raw materials like silica sand can be utilized to produce Y zeolite. The NaY zeolites were subsequently transformed into HY by ammonium exchange and calcination.
Study on the healing performance of poly(ε‐caprolactone) filled ultraviolet‐curable 3D printed cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate shape memory polymers
Authors: Wen Jia , Chen Tingjun , Wang Jiayao , Tuo Xiaohang , Gong Yumei , Guo Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe research and application of ultraviolet‐curable 3D printed shape memory polymers have been focused on artificial intelligence, bionic engineering, and medical devices, and so forth. However, this photopolymer has the disadvantages of low toughness and easy to be damaged. As a healing agent and toughening agent, the thermoplastic polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) is used to improve the utility value of 3D printed cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate (CTFA) shape memory composites. The filling content of PCL is evaluated through multiscale observation, mechanical test, thermal analysis and comparison before and after healing. PCL with 5% filling content not only improves the flexibility and scratch healing ability of 3D printed samples, but also maintains the shape memory characteristics of the samples. The blending structure constructed by PCL and CTFA polymers plays an important role in balancing the various properties of the 3D printed composites.
Identification and expression profiling of serine protease‐related genes in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Wu Chao‐Yan , Xiao Kai‐Ran , Wang Long‐Zhang , Wang Jun , Song Qi‐Sheng , Stanley David , Wei Shu‐Jun , Zhu Jia‐Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn insects, serine proteases and serine protease homologs (SPs/SPHs) are involved in a variety of physiological processes including digestion, development, and immunity. Here, we identified 112 SP and 88 SPH genes in the genome of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. Based on the features of domain structure, they were divided into “S” group containing single Tryp‐SPc or Tryp‐SPHc domain, “C” group containing 1–4 CLIP domain (CLIPA‐D) and “M” group containing the CBD, CUB, EGF, Fz, Gd, LDLa, PAN, SEA, SR, Sushi, and TSP domains, and have 115, 48, and 37 gene members, respectively. According to the active sites in the catalytic triad, the putative trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase‐like enzyme specificity of the identified SPs/SPHs were predicted. Phylogenetic and genomic location analyses revealed that gene duplication exists in the large amount of SPs/SPHs. Gene expression profiling using RNA‐seq data along with real time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that most SP/SPH genes display life stage specific expression patterns, indicating their important roles in development. Many SP/SPH genes are specifically or highly expressed in the gut, salivary gland, fat body, hemocyte, ovary, and testis, suggesting that they participate in digestion, immunity, and reproduction. The findings lay the foundation for further functional characterization of SPs/SPHs in T. molitor.
Electrophilic Thiocyanation of Tryptamine Derivatives: Divergent Synthesis of SCN‐Containing Indole Compounds
Authors: Ye Ai‐Hui , Song Xu‐Feng , Chen Zhi‐Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA tandem dearomative electrophilic thiocyanation/cyclization/acylation of indoles was developed for the first time, which is enabled by acyl chloride. A variety of 3‐SCN pyrroloindolines were obtained with moderate to excellent yields. Interestingly, following replacement of acyl chloride with methanesulfonic acid, 2‐SCN tryptamines were obtained using the same starting substrates and reagents. Furthermore, catalytic enantioselective manner of thiocyanation/cyclization/acylation reaction was also studied. An enantiomer self‐disproportionation effect of 3‐SCN pyrroloindolines was discovered. A series of chiral 3‐SCN pyrroloindolines were obtained with high enantioselectivities.
Combining verbal forecasts: The role of directionality and the reinforcement effect
Authors: Teigen Karl Halvor , Juanchich Marie , Løhre Erik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent research has shown that when people combine verbal probabilistic forecasts from two sources, they are not simply averaged but can reinforce each other; so when two advisors both said an event was “rather likely,” some listeners concluded that the event was “quite likely”. Conversely, when both said the event was “rather unlikely,” people concluded that it was “quite unlikely.” The present studies demonstrate that the direction of this effect is not evoked by high versus low probabilities, but by the directionality of verbal probability expressions. Some phrases are affirmative, directed towards occurrences (“there is a chance”), whereas others are negations, pointing to the possibility that the event might not occur (“it is not certain”). Two positive phrases are perceived to reinforce each other, even when they convey low probabilities, resulting in a higher combined probability estimate, whereas two negative phrases do the opposite, regardless of the probabilities they convey. We show that this effect occurs both for equal and unequal verbal phrases, regardless of the probability equivalents of the expressions. We also found a positive, but weaker, reinforcement effect of numerical probabilities.
Collaborative eco‐innovation and green knowledge acquisition: The role of specific investments in Chinese new energy vehicle industry
Authors: Wu Aihua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEco‐innovation has turned into the hotspot of numerous enterprises and governments to gain sustainable development. This study examines how enterprises acquire green knowledge in interorganizational cooperative eco‐innovations, exploring the influence of different collaborative modes and the direct and moderating roles of specific investments. In accordance with interorganizational interaction level, the widely used collaborative modes can be attributed to low‐ (e.g., commissioned research and development [R&D]), medium‐, and high‐interaction modes (e.g., joint R&D and co‐construction of R&D entities). Results from a survey of 172 Chinese firms operating in the new energy vehicle industrial chain support that both specific investments and collaborative eco‐innovation have positive effects on green knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, the positive effect of collaborative eco‐innovation is stronger for high‐interaction collaboration modes than that for low‐interaction collaboration modes. Specific investments also play a moderate role in the link of collaborative eco‐innovation and green knowledge acquisition; similarly, the positive moderating effect is stronger for high‐interaction collaboration modes than that for low‐interaction collaboration modes. These findings suggest that when managers formulate the environmental policy, they should encourage collaboration, interorganizational interactions, and specific investments to acquire green knowledge. This paper mainly contributes to open eco‐innovation literature by revealing the mechanisms and the boundary conditions under which collaborative mode could effectively promote green knowledge acquisition.
Comparison of nomogram and machine‐learning methods for predicting the survival of non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Lei Haike , Li Xiaosheng , Ma Wuren , Hong Na , Liu Chun , Zhou Wei , Zhou Hong , Gong Mengchun , Wang Ying , Wang Guixue , Wu Yongzhong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMost patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a poor prognosis. Predicting overall survival using clinical data would benefit cancer patients by allowing providers to design an optimum treatment plan. We compared the performance of nomograms with machine‐learning models at predicting the overall survival of NSCLC patients. This comparison benefits the development and selection of models during the clinical decision‐making process for NSCLC patients.MethodsMultiple machine‐learning models were used in a retrospective cohort of 6586 patients. First, we modeled and validated a nomogram to predict the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Subsequently, five machine‐learning models (logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, decision tree, and light gradient boosting machine) were used to predict survival status. Next, we evaluated the performance of the models. Finally, the machine‐learning model with the highest accuracy was chosen for comparison with the nomogram at predicting survival status by observing a novel performance measure: time‐dependent prediction accuracy.ResultsAmong the five machine‐learning models, the accuracy of random forest model outperformed the others. Compared with the nomogram for time‐dependent prediction accuracy with a follow‐up time ranging from 12 to 60 months, the prediction accuracies of both the nomogram and machine‐learning models changed as time varied. The nomogram reached a maximum prediction accuracy of 0.85 in the 60th month, and the random forest algorithm reached a maximum prediction accuracy of 0.74 in the 13th month.ConclusionsOverall, the nomogram provided more reliable prognostic assessments of NSCLC patients than machine‐learning models over our observation period. Although machine‐learning methods have been widely adopted for predicting clinical prognoses in recent studies, the conventional nomogram was competitive. In real clinical applications, a comprehensive model that combines these two methods may demonstrate superior capabilities.
Association of raloxifene and tamoxifen therapy with cognitive performance, odds of mild cognitive impairment, and brain MRI markers of neurodegeneration
Authors: Kara Firat , Lohse Christine M. , Castillo Anna M. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Lesnick Timothy G. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Olson Janet E. , Couch Fergus J. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Kantarci Kejal , Mielke Michelle M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to examine whether a history of selective estrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs), tamoxifen and raloxifene, use was associated with cognitive performance, odds of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease. We included women with prior history of breast cancer or no prior history of any cancer at enrollment in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA). This information was abstracted using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical‐linkage system. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of SERMs with odds of MCI. Linear regression models were used to examine associations of SERMs with cognitive z‐scores (Memory, Executive Function, Language, Visuospatial Skills, Global Cognition), and MRI markers. Among 2840 women aged 50 and older in the MCSA, 151 had a history of breast cancer, and 42 (28%) of these had a history of tamoxifen treatment. A total of 2235 women had no prior history of any cancer, and 76 (3%) of these had a history of raloxifene use. No significant associations between tamoxifen use and cognition, or odds of MCI were observed among women with a history of breast cancer after adjusting for confounders. Similarly, raloxifene use was not significantly associated with cognition, or odds of MCI in women without a history of cancer after adjusting for confounders. We did not find significant associations between the use of either SERM and MRI markers. Use of tamoxifen or raloxifene was not significantly associated with cognition in postmenopausal women.
Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Black Ginseng on Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wei Wei , Liu Liming , Liu Xiaokang , Tao Ye , Zhao Xu , Gong Jiyu , Wang Yang , Liu Shuying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of black ginseng (BG) on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using network pharmacology combined with the molecular docking strategy. The saponin composition of BG was analyzed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC/MS) instrument. Then the network pharmacology was applied to explore the potential targets and related mechanisms of BG in the treatment of NAFLD. After screening out key targets, molecular docking was used to predict the binding modes between ginsenoside and target. Finally, a methionine and choline deficiency (MCD) diet‐induced NAFLD mice model was established to further confirm the therapeutic effect of BG on NAFLD. Twenty‐four ginsenosides were annotated based on the MS and tandem MS information. Ten proteins were screened out as key targets closely related to BG treatment of NAFLD. The molecular docking showed that most of the ginsenosides had good binding affinities with AKT1. The validation experiment revealed that BG administration could reduce serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and improve the MCD diet‐induced histological changes in liver tissue. Moreover, BG could upregulate the phosphorylation level of AKT in the liver of NAFLD mice, thereby exerting the therapeutic effect on NAFLD. Further studies on the active ginsenosides as well as their synergistic action on NAFLD will be required to reveal the underlying mechanisms in‐depth. This study demonstrates that network pharmacological prediction in conjunction with molecular docking is a viable technique for screening the active chemicals and related targets of BG, which can be applied to other herbal medicines.