bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of chitosan-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs for application in Cu(II) ions removal and for bacterial growth inhibition in aqueous solutions
Authors: Rabie Samira T. , Mohamed Yasser Mahmoud A. , Abdel-Monem Reham A. , Nazer Hossam A. El 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHerein in this study, chitosan-grafted-4-vinylpyridine (Cs-g-PVP) and two polymeric hybrids of Cs-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs (I and II) with 3wt% and 5wt% f-MWCNTs, respectively were prepared, characterized and used as adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions in a batch process The obtained Cs-g-PVP was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify its surface functional groups, in addition thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to assess the thermal stability, the morphology and the elemental analysis of the obtained Cs-g-PVP and Cs-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs (I and II). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) with mapping analysis was obtained for Cs-g-PVP/Cu and Cs-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs/Cu samples that was confirming on the performance of adsorption batch process. The applicability of Langmuir adsorption isotherms was evaluated to better understand the adsorption process. Additionally, antibacterial activity of the Cs-g-PVP and the two polymeric hybrids Cs-g-PVP/f-MWCNTs (I and II) was evaluated against three Gram + ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus Subtitles and Streptococcus faecalis) and three Gram –ve bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The results showed that the efficiency of Cs-g-PVP copolymer was improved after inclusion of the f-MWCNTs substrate towards adsorption of Cu(II) ions and antibacterial activity as well.
Nonrelevant quantum levels effecting on the current in 2-well terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Wang Li , Lin Tsung-Tse , Wang Ke , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent renewed operating temperatures in terahertz quantum cascade lasers emphasize on narrowing the periodic length in a 2-well resonant-phonon design for a clean quantum level structure, in which the depopulation energy is significantly higher than one longitudinal phonon. In this study, various depopulation energies (small and large) are engineered in a 2-well design; the effect of the high-lying nonrelevant levels on the currents are systematically studied by using the non-equilibrium Green’s function method. The engineering of the depopulation energy is unable to avoid the formation of leakage channels, which are activated within at least three neighboring periods via sequential close tunneling. However, a large depopulation energy relaxes the thermal backfilling process; as a result, the net leakages at high temperatures can be significantly suppressed. In addition, pre-alignment remains a critical issue in the design when using a large depopulation energy, which requires improved engineering for the barriers to obtain better laser dynamics.
Effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on soybean yield and the composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping soybean
Authors: Jie Weiguang , Yang Dongying , Yao Yanxuan , Guo Na 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max L.) is an important oil and economic crop in the world. However, soybean continuous cropping may lead to the decline of soybean yield and quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Rhizophagus intraradices on soybean growth/yield, root rot disease index, and the composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping soybean at the R8 stage. The results showed that the 100-seed weight, seed-yield per plant, yield per 0.04 hectare, pods per plant, seed number per plant, branch number, plant height, and fresh weight of root and shoot, and disease index of soybean root rot were significantly affected by the inoculation of R. intraradices and soybean continuous cropping. The growth/yield indexes of soybean were the highest in the inoculated soybean plants under non-continuous cropping. Inoculation of R. intraradices and soybean continuous cropping significantly decreased and increased the disease index of soybean root rot, respectively. Bacterial diversity levels in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping soybean were lower than those in non-continuous cropping soybean. Furthermore, it also showed that inoculation of R. intraradices could increase the bacterial and fungal diversity in rhizosphere soil of soybean. It also showed that both inoculation and soybean continuous cropping had effects on the composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of soybean. Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the most dominant bacterial and fungal phylum in all samples, respectively. The results would contribute to evaluating the biocontrol potential of R. intraradices against soybean root rot disease, increase soybean yield and improve the composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping soybean.
Obesity-related biomarkers underlie a shared genetic architecture between childhood body mass index and childhood asthma
Authors: Han Xikun , Zhu Zhaozhong , Xiao Qian , Li Jun , Hong Xiumei , Wang Xiaobin , Hasegawa Kohei , Camargo Carlos A. , Liang Liming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObesity and asthma are both common diseases with high population burden worldwide. Recent genetic association studies have shown that obesity is associated with asthma in adults. The relationship between childhood obesity and childhood asthma, and the underlying mechanisms linking obesity to asthma remain to be clarified. In the present study, leveraging large-scale genetic data from UK biobank and several other data sources, we investigated the shared genetic components between body mass index (BMI,n = 39620) in children and childhood asthma (ncase = 10524,ncontrol = 373393). We included GWAS summary statistics for nine obesity-related biomarkers to evaluate potential biological mediators underlying obesity and asthma. We found a genetic correlation (Rg = 0.10,P = 0.02) between childhood BMI and childhood asthma, whereas the genetic correlation between adult BMI (n = 371541) and childhood asthma was null (Rg = −0.03,P = 0.21). Genomic structural equation modeling analysis further provided evidence that the genetic effect of childhood BMI on childhood asthma (standardized effect size 0.17,P = 0.009) was not driven by the genetic component of adult BMI. Bayesian colocalization analysis identified a shared causal variant rs12436181 that was mapped to geneAMNusing gene expression data in lung tissue. Mendelian randomization showed that the odds ratio of childhood asthma for one standard deviation higher of childhood BMI was 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 0.96–1.34). A systematic survey of obesity-related biomarkers showed that IL-6 and adiponectin are potential biological mediators linking obesity and asthma in children. This large-scale genetic study provides evidence that unique childhood obesity pathways could lead to childhood asthma. The findings shed light on childhood asthma pathogenic mechanisms and prevention.
Benthic exometabolites and their ecological significance on threatened Caribbean coral reefs
Authors: Weber Laura , Soule Melissa Kido , Longnecker Krista , Becker Cynthia C , Huntley Naomi , Kujawinski Elizabeth B , Apprill Amy 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Benthic organisms are the architectural framework supporting coral reef ecosystems, but their community composition has recently shifted on many reefs. Little is known about the metabolites released from these benthic organisms and how compositional shifts may influence other reef life, including prolific microorganisms. To investigate the metabolite composition of benthic exudates and their ecological significance for reef microbial communities, we harvested exudates from six species of Caribbean benthic organisms including stony corals, octocorals, and an invasive encrusting alga, and subjected these exudates to untargeted and targeted metabolomics approaches using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Incubations with reef seawater microorganisms were conducted to monitor changes in microbial abundances and community composition using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing in relation to exudate source and three specific metabolites. Exudates were enriched in amino acids, nucleosides, vitamins, and indole-based metabolites, showing that benthic organisms contribute labile organic matter to reefs. Furthermore, exudate compositions were species-specific, and riboflavin and pantothenic acid emerged as significant coral-produced metabolites, while caffeine emerged as a significant invasive algal-produced metabolite. Microbial abundances and individual microbial taxa responded differently to exudates from stony corals and octocorals, demonstrating that exudate mixtures released from different coral species select for specific bacteria. In contrast, microbial communities did not respond to individual additions of riboflavin, pantothenic acid, or caffeine. This work indicates that recent shifts in benthic organisms alter exudate composition and likely impact microbial communities on coral reefs.
Retracted: Object detection and recognition using deep learning‐based techniques
Authors: Sharma Preksha , Gupta Surbhi , Vyas Sonali , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe above article from IET Communications, published online on 17 October 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Interim Editor‐in‐Chief, Jian Ren, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal's peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
A novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on dual‐path recurrent neural network
Authors: Song Yongqiang , Liu Feng , Shen Tongsheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA dual‐path recurrent neural network model is proposed to achieve noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals, which consists of three steps: feature extraction, mask separation, and signal recovery. For feature extraction, we use a multi‐scale convolutional neural network to extract higher‐order non‐linear features of the input signal and chunk the obtained non‐linear features into subvectors with fixed lengths according to the temporal dimension. In the mask separation, two recurrent neural networks based on constructing a dual‐path network, a bidirectional network for extracting intra‐features, and a directional network for extracting inter‐features is build. Finally, overlapping and permutation neural networks are used to recover the denoised acoustic signal. By comparing different denoising methods, it can be seen that this method is effective in underwater acoustic signals. By evaluating the two tasks of the ShipsEar dataset, this model can improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio by 12.02 and 9.48 dB, respectively.
Fractional‐order sliding mode attitude coordinated control for spacecraft formation flying with unreliable wireless communication
Authors: Wu Fan , Liu Ming , Feng Zhenyu , Cao Xibin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the coordinated attitude control problem with fractional order sliding mode control theory for spacecraft formation flying by considering of unknown disturbance, inertia uncertainty, partial loss of actuators, and communication delay. Two types of fractional order sliding mode control laws are proposed to solve the considered design problem. The first one is based on the Chebyshev neural network technique, and the second one is involved with the integral‐type and super‐twisting sliding mode control methods. Compared to traditional sliding mode control methods, the developed fractional order sliding mode control strategies can achieve a faster convergence speed. Simulation results based on a group of three spacecrafts are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed coordinated attitude control approaches.
A geometric approach to reach‐avoid games with time limits
Authors: Chen Xi , Yu Jianqiao , Yang Di , Niu Kang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe differential games have been widely used to analyze the conflicts between intelligent agents. Motivated by the fact that the agents always have finite energy or time requirements, a novel reach‐avoid game with time limits is investigated in this work. The attacker aims to reach the target region without being captured or reaching its time limit, while the defender strives to intercept the attacker or delay it. This game is beyond the scope of the classical Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Isaacs (HJI) approach. To make the problem possible to solve, we introduce the concept of reaching region and provide the optimal strategies of the players based on it. Using these strategies, we construct a hypersurface, called the barrier, in the game state space which partitions it into two parts that lead to different outcomes of the game. In this work, the complete analytical expressions of the barrier in all possible situations are provided. The game results can be obtained by substituting the initial states into the related expression and there is barely any computational burden. Compare to the existing works, the game with time limits is more practical. Also, this work provides the foundation for analyzing general multiple‐attacker‐multiple‐defender games.
Optimization algorithm for low‐light image enhancement based on Retinex theory
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Jun , Dong LinLu , Chen ShuYuan , Wu Hao , Zhong YaWen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo improve the visual quality of low‐light images and discover hidden details in images, an image enhancement algorithm is proposed, which is based on a fast and robust fuzzy C‐means (FRFCM) clustering algorithm combined with Retinex theory. The algorithm is based on Retinex theory to solve the above problems as followings: Firstly, the initial illumination estimation image is constructed by max‐RGB and segmented by FRFCM algorithm. Secondly, initial illumination estimation image and its segmented image linearly fused with a certain proportion is to obtain the optimized illumination estimation image, then is smoothed by guided filtering. Finally, reflected image is obtained by Retinex theory and the edge details of the image by equal ratio are enhanced, showing the enhanced image rich in detail texture. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, a large number of low‐light image datasets are applied to test the proposed algorithm. And the effects of image enhancement of the algorithm and other existing enhanced algorithms are also compared. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in both subjective and objective evaluation, especially the good ability to keep meticulous of details and colour retention.
QTMT‐LNN: A fast intra CU partition using lightweight neural network for 360‐degree video coding on VVC
Authors: Sun Zhewen , Yu Li , Peng Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the newest generation of video coding standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC), a new technique called Quad Tree with nested Multi‐type Tree (QTMT) structure is introduced. QTMT significantly improves the coding efficiency, but the improvement in compression performance comes at the cost of drastically increased complexity. This paper proposes a fast intra partition algorithm using Lightweight Neural Network (LNN) to skip QTMT partition steps which are unlikely to be chosen as the best split modes. Specifically, five LNNs (for five QTMT split modes) are trained, using features that consider the characteristic of 360‐degree videos. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed QTMT‐LNN can reduce the encoding time from 52.28% to 72.17% on average, with coding efficiency losses ranging from 0.71% to 1.78%. Compared to other fast algorithms for intra coding unit (CU) partition, the method outperforms the related works in terms of Bjontegaard delta bit‐rate (BDBR) and encoding time reduction.
Mechanical vibration monitoring system for electrocardiogram machine based on Hilbert‐Huang transformations
Authors: Yongbo Zhu , Lijun Xu , Samori Issah Abubakari 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe monitoring of health and the technologies that are related to it are an exciting area of research. The paper proposes a mechanical manufacturing vibration monitoring system that is based on Hilbert‐Huang transformation (HHT) feature extraction to monitor the running state of the spindle of a mechanical numerical control (NC) machine tool of an electrocardiogram (ECG) machine. Real‐time monitoring of the time–frequency characteristic quantity of the spindle vibration signal for ECG signals has been made possible due to the online empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, which is used to obtain the time–frequency characteristic quantity of the spindle vibration signal based on HHT. The experiment shows that the frequency doubling characteristic components in the time–frequency distribution are obvious in the time interval without copper rod contact, but they disappear in the time interval during which copper rods are in contact (0.3 1.1 s, 3 4s in the figure). It has been demonstrated that the system is capable of not only accurately monitoring the characteristic quantity in the frequency domain of the vibration signal produced by the NC machine tool spindle, but also of successfully implementing the monitoring of the time–frequency characteristic quantity in real time.
Analyse der Effizienz, Kostenstruktur und Erlössituation von
freien ALT-Lappenplastiken zur
Extremitätenrekonstruktion
Authors: Behr Björn , Schlüchtermann Jörg , Radtke Jan Philipp , Rhomberg Iwo , Hellmich Susanne , Sogorski Alexander , Wagner Johannes Maximilian , Auhuber Thomas , Lehnhardt Marcus , Wallner Christoph 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Der freie Transfer einer Gewebelappenplastik mit
mikrochirurgischem Anschluss ist häufig eine tagesauslastende
Tätigkeit. Eine Standardisierung dieser Operationen gestaltet sich auf
Grund der eingeschränkten Planbarkeit des OP-Verlaufs mit einhergehender
zeitlicher Varianz immer wieder als schwierig. Dies erschwert die Planung und
damit die optimale Kapazitätsauslastung erheblich. Methoden In
den Jahren 2018–2020 wurden die Schnitt-Naht-Zeiten (SNZ) bei den in der
Klinik am häufigsten durchgeführten freien ALT-Lappenplastiken
zur Extremitätenrekonstruktion bezogen auf das Erfahrungsniveau des
Operationsteams (Kategorie 1:<50 freie Lappenplastiken, Kategorie 2:
50–200 freie Lappenplastiken, Kategorie 3:>200 freie
Lappenplastiken) und die Nebenerkrankungen der Patienten analysiert. Die
Kostenstruktur am Standort wurde mit der InEK Kostenmatrix
abgeglichen.Ergebnisse In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden,
dass im Rahmen der mikrochirurgischen Extremitätenrekonstruktion das
Erfahrungsniveau des Operationsteams einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die SNZ
hat. Bei ALT-Lappenplastiken waren unter Berücksichtigung von
Komplikationen Kategorie 2 Operateure durchschnittlich 45 Minuten, Kategorie 3
Operateure 167 Minuten schneller. Umgekehrt hatten Nebenerkrankungen keinen
signifikanten Einfluss auf die Operationsdauer. Bezogen auf die Kostensituation
zeigte sich eine zumeist defizitäre Situation in Relation zur InEK
Kostenmatrix. Eine weitere Analyse zeigte hingegen, dass die SNZ für
freie Lappenplastiken im Durchschnitt, die
Personalkosten/Schnitt-Naht-Minute unseres Krankenhauses knapp unter dem
Bundesdurchschnitt lagen. Die Kosten für einen mikrochirurgischen
Weiterbildungseingriff liegen nach dieser Berechnung in der
Größenordnung von 1000 €/Fall. Diskussion
& Schlussfolgerung Freie Lappenplastiken zur
Extremitätenrekonstruktion sind nicht komplett adäquat im
deutschen DRG-System abgebildet. Bezogen auf die Weiterbildung konnte gezeigt
werden, dass diese bedingt durch längere SNZ nicht kostenneutral ist.
Durch Hinterlegung der identifizierten operateurbedingten Zeiten im
Krankenhausinformationssystem sollte eine bessere Vorgabezeitgüte mit
aufgewerteter Termintreue und effizienterer Auslastung der wertvollen Ressource
OP-Kapazität resultieren.
The internal trabecular bone structure of the odontoid process of the axis. A retrospective single-center comparative study in patients following cervical trauma.
Authors: Montemurro Nicola , Cocciaro Ardico , Liberti Gaetano , Cosottini Mirco , Perrini Paolo 
Published: October 2022

Background	Odontoid C2 fractures account for 9% to 15% of adult cervical spine fractures. The aim of this study is to report the incidence of a previous described Y-shaped trabecular bone structure (TBS) in the odontoid process in a larger sample of patients who performed a CT cervical scan following a cervical trauma to investigate if its absence can increase the risk of the odontoid process fracture of the axis.
Methods	A retrospective review of 245 patients who performed a CT cervical scan in our University Hospital, as results of cervical spine injury, was performed during a 12-month period between May 2020 and May 2021.
Results	The presence of a Y-shaped TBS at the odontocentral synchondrosis level was observed in 165 patients that is 67.3% of whole population included in this study. Eighteen patients (7.3%) reported an odontoid type II C2 fracture. Among patients with odontoid type II C2 fracture, the Y-shaped TBS at the odontocentral synchondrosis level was observed in 8 (44.4%) of them. The presence of the Y-shaped TBS at the odontocentral synchondrosis level was statistically more frequently observed in patients without odontoid process fracture (69.2% Vs 30.8%) compared to patients who developed odontoid process fracture (44.4 % Vs 55.6%) after a cervical trauma (p = 0.03).
Conclusions	This study showed the crucial role of this Y-shaped TBS in biomechanical structural dynamics of the C1-C2 joint and its significant clinical relevance in odontoid fractures of the axis.
Evaluation of the risk factors for recurrence and the development of epilepsy in patients with febrile seizure
Authors: Civan Ahmet Burak , Ekici Arzu , Havali Cengiz , Kiliç Nevin , Bostanci Muharrem 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Although febrile seizure (FS) is generally considered benign and self-limiting, there are differences regarding the risk factors, the prognosis, and the development of epilepsy.
Objective To examine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with FS, and to determine the risks of recurrence and the development of epilepsy.
Methods Between 2015 and 2019, we performed a retrospective evaluation of 300 patients with FS followed for at least 24 months.
Results The first episode of FS was simple in 72.7% of the patients and complex in 27.3%, and it recurred in 40%. Age under 12 months in the first FS, complex FS, and neurodevelopmental delay were found to statistically increase the risk of recurrence (p < 0.05). A total of 7% of the patients developed epilepsy, and this rate was found to be higher in patients with neurodevelopmental delay and long-term use of antiepileptic drugs (p < 0.001). The development of epilepsy was also observed in 77.8% of the patients with abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Epilepsy developed more frequently in those with abnormal EEG (p<0.001).
Conclusions Neurodevelopmental delay was an important risk factor for FS recurrence and the development of epilepsy. Abnormality in the EEG is an important risk factor for the development of epilepsy. We found that the long-term prophylactic treatment did not cause decreases in the recurrence of FS nor in the development of epilepsy.