bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatible authentication and key agreement protocol for low power and lossy network in IoT environment
Authors: Peivandizadeh Ali , Molavi Behzad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractToday, the Internet of Things can be described as the fastest-growing network that offers applications in a wide range of applications fields. This breadth has led to a wide range of IoT research. Applications of this network can be mentioned in various sectors such as e-health, smart homes, smart cities, and everything in smart cities via the Internet, where the collection and exchange of large amounts of data are undeniable. The IoT also supports large-scale low-power networks (LLNs) and uses the RPL protocol to route low-power, low-resource nodes on this large scale. Due to the exchange of sensitive data in this network, security is a critical issue. However, RPLs have many serious vulnerabilities, including the use of symmetric encryption that attackers can exploit. In addition, the privacy and security of network nodes are other challenges of this network. Therefore, there is a significant need for an effective and secure authentication scheme that enables IoT users to authenticate each other and share the session key to a secure meeting. In this paper, we aim to provide a secure protocol to enhance the security of the IoT and low-power nodes that use the RPL protocol against various network attacks. For this purpose, a key agreement protocol and authentication mechanism using ECC theory are proposed. Finally, we show that the proposed scheme is secure against routine network attacks and incurs a small computational and communication cost that is compatible with nodes with limited resources.
Pre-diabetes is Associated with Attenuation rather than Volume of Epicardial Adipose Tissue on Computed Tomography
Authors: Molnar David , Björnson Elias , Larsson Måns , Adiels Martin , Gummesson Anders , Bäckhed Fredrik , Hjelmgren Ola , Bergström Göran 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The volume of epicardial adipose tissue (EATV) is increased in type-2 diabetes (T2D), while its attenuation (EATA) appears to be decreased. Similar patterns have been suggested in pre-diabetes, but data is scarce. In both pre-diabetes and T2D, any independent role of EATV and EATA in disease development remains to be proven, a task complicated by their substantial co-variation with other anthropometrics (e.g. BMI, waist circumference, and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT).
Method
EATV and EATA was quantified in computed tomography (CT) images in a population study (n = 1,948) using an automatic technique. Data was available on BMI, waist circumference, abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, insulin resistance (IR) and glucose tolerance, the latter ranging from normal (NGT), over pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose [IFG, n = 414] impaired glucose tolerance [IGT, n = 321] and their combination [CGI, n = 128]), to T2D.
Results
EATV was increased in pre-diabetes, T2D and IR in univariable analyses and when adjusting for BMI, however not when adjusting for waist or VAT. EATA was reduced in prediabetes, T2D and IR in univariable analyses and when adjusting for BMI and waist, however not when adjusting for VAT. Adjustment for other co-variates had little influence on the results.
Conclusion
EATV is increased and EATA reduced in pre-diabetes, T2D and IR, however, significant co-variation with other anthropometrics, especially VAT, obscures their function in disease development. The current results do not exclude a pathophysiological role of epicardial fat, but future studies need to adjust for anthropometrics, or focus on the microenvironment within the pericardial sac.
Pulmonary Embolism in United States Emergency Departments, 2010–2018
Authors: Hsu Shu-Hsien , Ko Chia-Hsin , Chou Eric H. , Herrala Jeffrey , Lu Tsung-Chien , Wang Chih-Hung , Chang Wei-Tien , Huang Chien-Hua , Tsai Chu-Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Little is known about pulmonary embolism (PE) in the United States emergency department (ED). This study aimed to describe the disease burden (visit rate and hospitalization) of PE in the ED and to investigate factors associated with its burden.
Methods: Data were obtained from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) from 2010 to 2018. Adult ED visits with PE were identified using the International Classification of Diseases codes. Analyses used descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression accounting for the NHAMCS's complex survey design.
Results: Over the 9-year study period, there were an estimated 1,500,000 ED visits for PE, and the proportion of PE visits in the entire ED population increased from 0.1% in 2010-12 to 0.2% in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.002). The mean age was 57 years, and 40% were men. Older age, obesity, history of cancer, and history of venous thromboembolism were independently associated with a higher proportion of PE, whereas the Midwest region was associated with a lower proportion of PE. The utilization of chest computed tomography (CT) scan appeared stable, which was performed in approximately 43% of the visits. About 66% of PE visits were hospitalized, and the trend remained stable. Male sex, arrival during the morning shift, and higher triage levels were independently associated with a higher hospitalization rate, whereas the fall and winter months were independently associated with a lower hospitalization rate. Approximately 8.8% of PE patients were discharged with direct-acting oral anticoagulants.
Conclusions: The ED visits for PE continued to increase despite the stable trend in CT use, suggesting a combination of prevalent and incident PE cases in the ED. Hospitalization for PE remains common practice. Some patients are disproportionately affected by PE, and certain patient and hospital factors are associated with hospitalization decisions.
Fetal Health Classification from Cardiotocograph for Both Stages of Labor – A Soft Computing Based Approach
Authors: Das Sahana , Mukherjee Himadri , Roy Kaushik , Saha Chanchal Kumar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cardiotocography (CTG), till date, is the only non-invasive and cost-effective tool available for continuous monitoring of the fetal health. In spite of a marked growth in the automation of the CTG analysis, it still remains a challenging signal processing task. Complex and dynamic patterns of fetal heart are poorly interpreted. Particularly the precise interpretation of the suspect cases is fairly low by both visual and automated methods. Also, the first and second stage of labor produce very different fetal heart rate (FHR) dynamics. A robust classification model, thus, takes both stages into consideration separately. In this work, the authors proposed a machine learning based model, which was applied separately to both the stages of labor, using standard classifiers like SVM, Random Forest (RF), Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), and Bagging, to classify the CTG. Outcome was validated using model performance measure, combined performance measure, and the ROC-AUC. Though AUC-ROC was sufficiently high for all the classifiers the other parameters established a better performance by SVM and RF. For suspicious cases the accuracies of SVM and RF were 97.4% and 98% respectively, whereas, sensitivity was 96.4% and specificity was 98% approximately. In the second stage of labor the accuracies respectively were 90.6% and 89.3% for SVM and RF. Limits of agreement for 95% between the manual annotation and the outcome of SVM and RF were (-0.05 to 0.01) and (-0.03 to 0.02). Henceforth, the proposed classification model is efficient and can be integrated into the automated decision support system.
Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens
Authors: Kalia Sahil , Magnuson Andrew D. , Sun Tao , Liu Guanchen , Kim Woo Kyun , Johnson Zarkary , Lei Xin Gen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Enriching chicken with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and calcidiol may be used to improve public nutrition and health. It remains unclear if superanutritional levels of DHA and calcidiol impair growth or metabolism of broiler chickens. The aim of the study was to determine singular and combined effects of high levels of supplemental DHA-rich microalgal biomass or oil and calcidiol on growth performance, plasma and tissue lipid profiles, and bone characteristics of broiler chickens.
Methods: In Experiment 1, 144 day-old Cornish chicks were divided into 4 groups (6 cages/treatment, 6 birds/cage), and were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (BD), BD + 10000 IU calcidiol/kg (BD+Cal), BD + 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium(1.2 g DHA/kg; BD+DHA), and BD+Cal+DHA for 6 wk. In Experiment 2, 180 day-old chicks were divided into 5 groups (6 cages/treatment, 6 birds/cage), and were fed: BD, BD+ DHA (oil, 1.5 to 3.0 g DHA/kg), BD + DHA + EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 0.3 to 0.6 g/kg), BD+DHA+ calcidiol (6,000 to 12000 IU/kg diet), and BD+DHA+EPA+Cal for 6 wk. Growth performance, concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, and nonesterifed fatty acids in plasma, liver, breast, and thigh, and biophysical properties of tibia were determined.
Results: Birds fed BD+Cal diet in Experiment 1 and BD+DHA+EPA diet in Experiment 2 had higher (P < 0.05 body weight gain (10-11%) and gain: feed ratio (7%), and lower (P < 0.05) total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma (18-54%), liver (8-26%), breast (19-26%), and thigh (10-19%), respectively, over the controls. The two diets also improved (P < 0.05) tibial breaking strength (8-24%), total bone volume (2-13%), and(or) bone mineral density (3-19%) of chickens.
Conclusion: Superanutrition of dietary calcidiol and DHA alone or together did not produce adverse effects, but improved growth performance, lipid profiles of plasma and muscle, and bone health of broiler chickens.
Super-enhancer-driven lncRNA LIMD1-AS1 activated by CDK7 promotes glioma progression
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Tian Dasheng , Chen Xueran , Cheng Meng , Xie Han , Zhao JiaJia , Liu Jun , Fang Zhiyou , Zhao Bing , Bian Erbao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are tissue-specific expression patterns and dysregulated in cancer, how they are regulated is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the functions of glioma-specific lncRNA LIMD1-AS1 activated by super-enhancer (SE) and identify the potential mechanisms.
Methods: To investigate the clinical significance of LIMD1-AS1, we analyzed its expression levels in a publicly available dataset and 43 glioma samples from our cohort. Functional assays, including the CCK8, colony formation, and transwell assays, were used to determine the oncogenic role of LIMD1-AS1 in human glioma progression. Furthermore, RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, dCas9-KRAB interference, and Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assays were used to determine the mechanism of LIMD1-AS1 in glioma progression. Animal experiments were used to determine the role of LIMD1-AS1 in glioma tumorigenicity in vivo.
Results: In this paper, we identified a SE-driven lncRNA, LIMD1-AS1, which is expressed at significantly higher levels in glioma than in normal brain tissue. High LIMD1-AS1 levels were significantly associated with a shorter survival time of glioma patients. LIMD1-AS1 overexpression significantly enhanced glioma cells proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, whereas LIMD1-AS1 knockdown inhibited their proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and the xenograft tumor growth of glioma cells in vivo. Mechanically, inhibition of CDK7 significantly attenuates MED1 recruitment to the super-enhancer of LIMD1-AS1, and then decreases the expression of LIMD1-AS1. Most importantly, LIMD1-AS1 could directly bind to HSPA5, leading to the activation of interferon signaling.
Conclusions: Our findings support the idea that CDK7 mediated-epigenetically activation of LIMD1-AS1 plays a crucial role in glioma progression, and provides a promising therapeutic approach for patients with glioma.
Risk factors of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer with 1–2 sentinel lymph node micrometastases: a case control study
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wu Zhe , Zou Quan-qing , Xie Yu-jie , Li Li-hui , Huang Yan-ping , Wu Feng-ming , Huang Dong , Pan Yin-hua , Yang Jian-rong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Backgrround

The randomized trials include ACOSOG Z0011 and IBCSG 23 − 01 had found that, the survival rates were not different in patients with cT1/2N0 and 1–2 sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive, macro/micro metastases who underwent breast-conserving therapy and micrometastases who underwent total mastectomy (TM), when axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was omitted. However, for patients with cT1/2N0 and 1–2 SLN macrometastases who underwent TM, there was no published clinical research evidence whether ALND can be exempted. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of non-sentinel lymph node (nSLN) metastasis in breast cancer patients with 1–2 SLN macrometastases undergoing TM.

Methods

The clinicopathological data of 1491 breast cancer patients underwent TM and SLNB from January 2017 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for nSLN metastasis.

Results

A total of 273 patients with 1–2 SLN macrometastases underwent TM were enrolled. Postoperative pathological data showed that 35.2% patients had nSLN metastasis. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size (TS) (P = 0.002; OR: 1.051; 95% CI: 1.019–1.084) and ratio of SLN macrometastases (P = 0.0001; OR: 12.597: 95% CI: 4.302–36.890) were the independent risk factors for nSLN metastasis in breast cancer with 1–2 SLN macrometastases underwent TM. The ROC curve analysis suggested that when TS ≤ 22mm and ratio of SLN macrometastases ≤ 0.33, the incidence of nSLN metastasis could be reduced to 17.1%.

Conclusions

The breast cancer patients with cT1/2N0 stage, undergoing TM and 1–2 SLN macrometastases, when the TS ≤ 22mm and macrometastatic SLN does not exceed 1/3 of the total number of detected SLN, the incidence of nSLN metastasis is significantly reduced, and whether ALND can be exempted deserves further exploration.
Binding Mechanism of Selective Cathepsin K/S Inhibition Revealed from Molecular Simulations
Authors: Zhong QinYi , Luan Jiasi , Hu Baichun , Ma Yan , Zhang Fengjiao , Xu Feng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cathepsin K and S are two isoforms of cysteine protease with diverse biological functions in the aspect of osteoporosis and autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, the homologous sequence and similar binding site features among CTSK/S may lead to unselective inhibition and side effects. To address such issue, various computational strategies were applied in the current study to explore the selectivity mechanism of CTSK/S inhibitors, including sequence alignment, molecular docking, MD simulations, MM/GBSA energy calculation, and so on. Our findings highlight the notable effects of CTSK residues Glu59 and Tyr67, as well as CTSS residue Asn67 on inhibition selectivity. Overall, this study provides an informative guideline for the rational design of CTSK/S selective inhibitors.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Service Barriers among Adults with Sickle Cell Disease in KSA
Authors: Sayigh Nada Ahmed Al , Shafey Marwa Mahmoud , Alghamdi Amal Ali , Alyousif Ghada Fouad , Hamza Fatma Amer , Alsalman Zaenb Husain 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
The burden of sickle cell disease is high in Saudi Arabia with a great impact on patients' quality of life. This study aimed to assess the Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adult patients with sickle cell disease.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients attending hematologic clinics at Qatif Central Hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included sociodemographic, SCD characteristics, HRQoL SF-36, and opinion regarding barriers to service provision.
Results:
Among 272 patients; (64.7%) reported one to three emergency department visits within the last 6 months; 58.5% reported ≥ 20 minutes waiting in the Emergency Room before the examination; 68.4% reported ≥ 15 minutes waiting time before receiving analgesics. Patients who reported ≥ 6 painful episodes during the previous 6 months were 19.1%. The mean percent score for participants’ opinions regarding service provision was 64.2±15.6, and 24.60% had a positive opinion. The highest score of HRQoL was social functioning 65.0±23.4, followed by physical functioning 64.4±24.6. The least score was met in Role limitation due to physical health (47.2±40.4). Different sociodemographic, SCD related characteristics have been related to the impaired HRQoL dimensions.
Conclusion:
SCD patients exhibited low HRQoL in general and different factors were related to low scores of HRQoL. Counselling, empowerment, and improvement of doctor-patient communication are important strategies to improve health care provision and hence HRQoL.
Liquid-liquid equilibrium study of 1-Dodecyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium Dicyanamide + Inorganic salt + Water systems
Authors: Taki Touba , Gilani Hossein Ghanadzadeh , Haghtalab Ali 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The phase behavior of a new ternary aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) based on [1-Dodecyl-3-Methyl-Imidazolium][Dicyanamide] ionic liquid and two inorganic salts of Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 were studied separately at two different salts concentrations and different temperatures (= 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K), all at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa). This surface-active ionic liquid was chosen due to its similar properties to cationic surfactants and its widespread use in separation processes. The chemical structure of the synthesized ionic liquid was investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Diffuse Reflection (DRS) Spectroscopies, residual chlorine test, and melting point test. The experimental data correlated by the symmetrical local composition model of UNIQUAC-NRF with symmetric Pitzer − Debye − Hückel (PDH) theory. The results demonstrated a minor effect of temperature on the separation process, and the salt ability in phase separation was increased at higher concentrations. A pleasant agreement between correlated data and the experimental results was also found.
Family Caregivers as Essential Partners in Care: Examining the Impacts of Restrictive Acute Care Visiting Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada
Authors: Montesanti Stephanie , MacKean Gail , Fitzpatrick Kayla M , Fancott Carol 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction:
During the pandemic many Canadian hospitals made significant changes to their ‘open family presence’ and ‘visitor policies’ to reduce the spread of COVID-19 by instituting restrictive or ‘zero visiting’ policies in healthcare facilities. These policies have the potential to create great hardship, anxiety and stress for patients, families, caregivers and frontline healthcare providers (HCPs); along with concerns about the quality and safety of patient care. The presence of family members and other caregivers as essential partners in care is an explicit expression of the philosophy of patient- and family-centred care (PFCC) in action. The purpose of this study is to increase our understanding of how changes to family presence and visiting policies and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted patients, family caregivers and frontline healthcare providers (HCPs) in acute care hospitals.
Methods
A total of 38 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients, family caregivers and HCPs across Canada who had experience with visiting policies in acute care settings during the pandemic. COVID patients, and the caregivers of COVID patients, were excluded from this study. A maximum variation sampling strategy was used to guide the selection and recruitment of patients, family caregivers and HCPs, based on our interest in gaining a diversity of perspectives and experiences.
Results
Many patients, family caregivers, and HCPs view family caregiver presence as integral to PFCC, describing the essential roles played by family caregivers prior to the pandemic. There were commonalities across all three groups with respect to their perspectives on the impacts of restrictive visiting policies on patients, family caregivers and HCPs. They fell into four broad integrated categories: (1) emotional and mental health; (2) communication and advocacy; (3) safety and quality of care; and (4) PFCC, trust in the health care system, and future decisions regarding accessing needed healthcare. Recommendations for pandemic visiting policies were also identified.
Conclusions
The findings from this study highlighted several impacts of restrictive family caregiver presence or visiting policies implemented during COVID-19 on patients, family caregivers and HCPs in acute healthcare settings across Canada. Participants emphasized that there is no “one-size-fits-all” caregiver presence policy that will address all patient needs. To be consistent with the practice of PFCC, patients and family caregivers are welcomed as part of the healthcare team in ways that work for them, demonstrating that flexibility in family presence and visiting policies is essential.
Spatio-temporal analysis for selected VOC species associated with health risk assessment for pre-, during, and post-pandemic periods in Telangana, India
Authors: Singh Bhupendra Pratap , Singh Manoj , Babu Sagarika , Tripathy Soumya Ranjan , Babu Swagatika 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, prompted strict lockdowns and reduced anthropogenic activity, which result in a reduction of air pollutants emissions. The substantial impact on the atmosphere associated with human health issue needs attention to be correlated with the selected Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and health risk assessment for pre-, during, and post-pandemic. The present study demonstrates the changes in anthropogenic emissions of benzene, toluene, and mp-xylene (BTX) and their health risk assessment during the lockdown periods. The present results show the mean concentration of TVOCs at all monitoring stations was found to be 12.15±20.49, 8.08±5.50, and 5.12±7.56 µg/m3 for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021 respectively. The TVOCs concentration was observed to decline, which considered the lockdown for the year 2020 as the corresponding year 2019. The Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) values for all monitoring stations for benzene were higher in children than in males and females for pre-, during, and-post lockdown periods. The LCR values for benzene were found to be 1.57 x 10-6, 1.73 x 10-6, and 9.67 x 10-7 for male, 1.83 x 10-6, 2.02 x 10-6 , and 1.13 x 10-6 for female, and 3.04 x 10-6, 3.37 x 10-6 , and 1.88 x 10-6 for children respectively. The findings of the present study could be scaled up nationwide and might be useful in formulating air pollution reduction policies and health assessments in the future.