bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Cortical Atrophy Associated with Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s
Disease: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Structural MRI Study
from PUMCH Dementia Cohort
Authors: Mao Chenhui , Hou Bo , Li Jie , Chu Shanshan , Huang Xinying , Wang Jie , Dong Liling , Liu Caiyan , Feng Feng , Peng Bin , Gao Jing 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Quantitative measures of atrophy on structural MRI are sensitive to the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD, and the topographical pattern of atrophy could serve as a sensitive and specific biomarker.

Ojective:
We aimed to examine the distribution of cortical atrophy associated with cognitive decline and disease stage based on quantitative structural MRI analysis in a Chinese cohort to inform clinical diagnosis and follow-up of AD patients.

Methods:
One hundred and eleven patients who were clinically diagnosed with probable AD were enrolled. All patients completed a systemic cognitive evaluation and domain-specific batteries. The severity of cognitive decline was defined by MMSE score: 1-10 severe, 11-20 moderate, 21-30 mild. Cortical volume and thickness determined using 3D-T1 MRI data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and surface-based analysis supported by the DR. Brain Platform.

Results:
The male:female ratio was 38:73. The average age was 70.8±10.6 years. The mild:moderate:severe ratio was 48:38:25. Total grey matter volume was significantly related to cognition while the relationship between white matter volume and cognition did not reach statistical significance. The volume of the temporal-parietal-occipital cortex was most strongly associated with cognitive decline in group analysis, while the hippocampus and entorhinal area had a less significant association with cognitive decline. Volume of subcortical grey matter was also associated with cognition. Volume and thickness of temporoparietal cortexes were significantly correlated with cognitive decline with a left predominance observed.

Conclusion:
Cognitive deterioration was associated with cortical atrophy. Volume and thickness of the left temporal-parietal-occipital cortex were most important in early diagnosis and longitudinal evaluation of AD in clinical practice. Cognitively relevant cortices were left predominant.
Simplified Procedure for Application of DBE, the Rule of 13 & Nitrogen
Rule in Structure Elucidation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Singh Shivendra , Kathal Rachna , Sharma Shivangi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Determination of the exact structure of any compound is extremely critical task. Primarily organic chemistry relies on NMR, IR & Mass spectrometric data. Authors have experienced that introduction of structure elucidation in undergraduate courses and postgraduate courses is helpful for students later in their research career. Based on our experience, this article discusses double bond equivalents, the rule of 13 and the nitrogen rule. We have compared the result of these three rules with real spectroscopic data. This article demonstrates the applicability of double bond equivalents, the rule of 13 and the nitrogen rule in solving compound structures using spectroscopic data. Based on availability of molecular weight or molecular formula, we can predict the possible structure of any organic compound using these concepts. In addition, if we have the spectroscopic data like NMR, IR, Mass spectrometry data and UV spectrophotometry data, we can easily confirm the exact structure. This article will be critical for the all the organic chemist for structure elucidation of organic molecules; however, several spectroscopic data is still required for analyzing the exact structure of any molecule.
Nitrogen-doped Graphene Oxide: Production and its Applications in Onepot
Five-component Reaction of Highly Substituted Tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Zamiri Bahram , Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Mahkam Mehrdad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
This article proposes a new and facile method to prepare a Carbon-based catalyst entitled graphene oxide quantum dots that contain nitrogen-doped groups (GOQDs-N-doped) and which are bioactive and safe possessing economical free transition metal properties. In this study, GOQDs-N-doped was synthesized by means of the pyrolysis of citric acid at 180 °C in the presence of ammonia. The prepared catalyst which embodies an amorph and 3D structure acts similar to nano reactors and was successfully used in the synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines (THP) derivatives with antimicrobial, anticancer, antifungal and antialzheimer properties through five-component reactions. We believe that the production of affordable and green carbocatalysts to be used in multi-component reactions and in chemical and pharmaceutical industries can be promising. Finally, we were able to synthesize highly substituted and efficient Tetrahydroperidines by utilizing laboratory-produced carbocatalysts.
Design and Characterisation of Rosuvastatin Calcium Nanosuspension
Loaded Transdermal Patch
Authors: Joshi Deepika , Tiwari Manish , Singh Bhawana , Semwal Nidhi 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
The present investigation highlights the formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension-loaded transdermal patches of poorly soluble antilipidemic drug (rosuvastatin)

Methods:
Dissolution characteristics of drug was improved by preparation of nanosuspension employing
precipitation–ultrasonication technique using a different blend of water-soluble film forming polymers
such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M), Eudragit and were further characterized by fourier
transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Malvern zetasizer and SEM. Propylene glycol and
tween 80 were used as stabilizers. Based on the particle size of the formulation, the best one of NS4 was
selected and fabricated into the transdermal patch by solvent casting method. The prepared formulations
were evaluated for various parameters like drug excipient compatibility, appearance, morphology, thickness,
tensile strength, folding endurance, % elongation, % moisture content, % moisture uptake, % drug
content, in-vitro drug permeation, and stability studies were performed for the optimized formula according
to the ICH Q1A (R2) guideline under 4°C and 25°C RH for three months.

Results:
Amongst all formulation, P4 transdermal patches were considered the optimized formulation. It
has the highest in-vitro drug permeation (86.01±0.05%), thickness (0.86±0.09), weight uniformity
(475.0±8.60 mg), folding endurance (279.3±9.39), moisture uptake (7.06±1.75%), moisture content
(6.81±2.34 %) and stable formula

Conclusion:
Therefore, transdermal patches were considered to be potentially suitable for the sustained
release of drugs to improve patient compliance.
Fibromyalgia in Spondyloarthritis: Prevalence and Effect on Disease
Activity and Treatment
Authors: Bouden Selma , Olfa Saidane , Sahli Meriam , Tekaya Aicha Ben , Rouached Leila , Rawdha Tekaya , Mahmoud Ines , Abdelmoula Leila 
Published: September 2022

Backgroung:
Fibromyalgia may be associated to Spondyloarthritis with which it shares some common symptoms such as sleep disorders, fatigue and diffuse pain, leading to diagnostic and treatment dilemmas.

Objectives:
We aimed to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia in axial spondyloarthritis and to determine how fibromyalgia might influence the assessments of disease activity and how it might impact treatment.

Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. The study included 100 patients with axial spondyloarthritis according to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria. Fibromyalgia was diagnosed based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology crite-ria. Demographics, disease characteristics, activity parameters and treatment were compared be-tween patients with and without fibromyalgia. Patients were recruited from the hospitalization unit and the outpatient clinic of rheumatology.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 44.65 ± 13.13 years, with a sex ratio equal to 2. The preva-lence of fibromyalgia was 20%. Fibromyalgia associated factors were advanced age and a late age at the onset of axial spondyloarthritis. Disease activity parameters such as global pain VAS, BASDAI, ASDAS-ESR, ASDAS-CRP, BASFI and BAS-G as well as MASES and BASMI were significantly higher in the presence of FM. Doses of paracetamol were significantly higher among FM+ patients. Also, treatment duration of the current anti-TNF alpha agent was significantly shorter among FM+ patients.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that fibromyalgia was associated with axial spondyloarthritis in 20% of patients. Its presence was associated with higher disease activity parameters and negative impact on the treatment.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Distinct Pathological Entity but also an
"Overlap" Autoimmune Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fusconi Massimo , Zaccarelli Fabiana , de Vincentiis Marco , D’Erme Giovanni , Greco Antonio , Natalucci Francesco 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The association between KFD and autoimmune diseases, not only with systemic lupus erythematosus, has been repeatedly described.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to evaluate whether an overlap syndrome is present between KFD and autoimmune diseases, whether there is a chronological and a casual relationship between the pathologies.

Methods:
The databases used for the overlap case search were Medline and Embase from which we extrapolated the studies of interest. The search queries used were: Kikuchi-Fujimoto Syndrome and juvenile idiopathic arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus or Systemic Sclerosis or Antiphospho-lipid Syndrome or Sjogren's Syndrome. All study types were considered (n = 103).

Results:
Total number of included studies are 43. We have shown that there is an "overlap" syn-drome between KFD and other autoimmune diseases. The chronology of disease onset was variable; autoimmune disease may be "preceding" (n = 11 cases) or "simultaneous" (n = 20 cases) or "post" (n = 8 cases). Kikuchi-Fujimoto Syndrome. Also, the autoimmune disease can present with a com-plete clinical picture or only with the presence of autoantibodies.

Conclusion:
the different pathologies associated with KFD with different chronologies would sug-gest that there is an alteration of the immune system that allows the pathologies to occur in different temporal relationships.
Study on the Effect of Pogostemon Cablin Benth on Skin Aging Based on
Network Pharmacology
Authors: Pan Liming , Wu Jiting 
Published: September 2022

Background:
There is still little research on the anti-aging effect of Pogostemon cablin
Benth (PCB) on human skin. In this paper, the mechanism of the anti-aging effect of PCB on human
skin was studied by using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.

Objective:
To analyze the pharmacological mechanism of PCB in the treatment of skin aging to
provide a reference for new drug development and clinical application.

Methods:
Active ingredients and related targets of PCB and skin aging-related disease targets are
obtained through public databases, and the "drug-disease-target" and protein-protein interaction
(PPI) network diagrams were constructed with the help of software to screen the core targets; then
GO analysis and KEGG pathway analyses were performed on the target; finally, the molecular
docking between the components and the targets were verified.

Results:
112 intersection targets of active compounds of skin aging and PCB were obtained after
the screening. GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis found that these biological processes mainly
focus on epithelial cell proliferation, aging, growth factors, longevity regulation pathway, cancer
pathway, AGE-RAGE signal pathway, PI3K Akt signal pathway and IL-17 signal pathway. The
molecular docking results showed quercetin, apigenin, irisnepalensis isoflavone, 3,23-dihydroxy-
12-oleorene-28-oleic acid, 5-hydroxy-7,4'- dimethoxyflavone and other major compounds were
connected with TP53, JUN, HSP90AAL, AKT1 and MAPK1 through hydrogen bonds, and there
was high binding energy between them.

Conclusion:
Through multi-target prediction and molecular docking verification, it shows that
PCB has a strong effect in the treatment of skin aging, which provides a reference for further research.
Genetic Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease and the Neuroprotective Role of
Melatonin in its Management
Authors: Sundram Sonali , Malviya Rishabha , Awasthi Rajendra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Dementia is a global health concern owing to its complexity, which also poses a great challenge
to pharmaceutical scientists and neuroscientists. The global prevalence of dementia is approximately
47 million, which may increase by three times by 2050. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most
common cause of dementia. AD is a severe age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
short-term memory loss, aphasia, mood imbalance, and executive function. The etiology of AD is still
unknown, and the exact origin of the disease is still under investigation. Aggregation of amyloid
β (Aβ) plaques or neurotoxic Aβo oligomers outside the neuron is the most common cause of AD development.
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by β secretase and γ secretase produces abnormal
Aβ monomers. This aggregation of Aβ and NFT is promoted by various genes like BACE1,
ADAM10, PIN1, GSK-3, APOE, PPARα, etc. Identification of these genes can discover several therapeutic
targets that can be useful in studying pathogenesis and underlying treatments. Melatonin modulates
the activities of these genes, thereby reducing Aβ production and increasing its clearance. Melatonin
also reduces the expression of APP by attenuating cAMP, thereby enhancing the nonamyloidogenic
process. Present communication explored and discussed the neuroprotective role of
melatonin against Aβ-dependent AD pathogenesis. The manuscript also discussed potential molecular
and genetic mechanisms of melatonin in the production and clearance of Aβ that could ameliorate neurotoxicity.
Clinical Biomarkers and Novel Drug Targets to Cut Gordian Knots of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Mir Reyaz Hassan , Masoodi Mubashir Hussain , Shah Abdul Jalil , Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Sabreen Saba , Wani Taha Umair , Jan Rafia , Javed Md. Noushad , Mir Prince Ahad 
Published: September 2022

Background:Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia, escalating worldwide, has no proper diagnosis or effective treatment. Neuronal cell death and impairment of cognitive abilities, possibly triggered by several brain mechanisms, are the most significant characteristic of this disorder.Methods:A multitude of pharmacological targets have been identified for potential drug design against AD. Although many advances in treatment strategies have been made to correct various abnormalities, these often exhibit limited clinical significance because this disease aggressively progresses into different regions of the brain, causing severe deterioration.Results:These biomarkers can be game-changers for early detection and timely monitoring of such disorders.Conclusion:This review covers clinically significant biomarkers of AD for precise and early monitoring of risk factors and stages of this disease, the potential site of action and novel targets for drugs, and pharmacological approaches to clinical management.
Dual Targeting Anti-Osteoporotic Therapy Through Potential Nanotherapeutic
Approaches
Authors: Salave Sagar , Rana Dhwani , Benival Derajram 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Osteoporosis is characterised by a major public health burden, particularly taking into
account the ageing global population. Therapeutic modalities for osteoporosis are categorised on
the basis of their effect on bone remodeling: antiresorptive and anabolic agents. Anabolic drugs are
favoured as they promote the formation of new bone, whereas antiresorptive drugs terminate the
further deterioration of bone. Non-specific delivery of anabolic agents results in prolonged kidney
exposure causing malignant hypercalcemia, whereas antiresorptive agents and bisphosphonates
may produce osteonecrosis of the jaw. Several clinical trials have been reported for combinational
therapy of anabolic agents and antiresorptive agents for osteoporosis. However, none of them have
proven their cumulative effects in the treatment of disease. The present work emphasizes a dualtargeting
drug delivery approach comprising of bone anabolic and antiresorptive agents that would
simultaneously deliver the therapeutic agents to both the zones of bone. The anticipated pioneering
delivery approach will intensify the explicit interaction between the therapeutic agent and bone
surfaces separately without developing severe adverse effects and improve osteoporotic therapy
effectively compared to non-targeted drug delivery.
Syntheses, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation of 2-(2-
hydrazinyl)thiazoles as Potential Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Significant
Anticancer Agents
Authors: Raut Dattatraya G. , Bhosale Raghunath B. , Lawand Anjana S. , Hublikar Mahesh G. , Kadu Vikas D. , Patil Sandeep B. , Choudhari Prafulla B. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Recently, researchers have worked on the development of new methods
for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles using polyethylene glycol as a green solvent. In this
context, we report the synthesized 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazoles for their in vitro antioxidant, in vitro
anti-inflammatory and in vitro anti-cancer activities.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to develop novel antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and
anti-cancer drugs.

Methods:
At the outset, the condensation of substituted acetophenones 1, thiosemicarbazide 2, and
α-haloketones 3 was carried out using PEG-400 (20 mL) in the presence of 5 mol% glacial acetic
acid to afford thiosemicarbazones intermediate. Furthermore, these thiosemicarbazones were reacted
with α-haloketones 3 to obtain appropriate 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazoles. The synthesized compounds
were in vitro tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity.

Results:
In vitro evaluation report showed that nearly all molecules possessed potential antioxidant
activity against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide radical
(SOR) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging activity. Most 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazoles
derivatives have shown potential anti-inflammatory activity as compared to diclofenac sodium as a
reference standard. 2-(2-Hydrazinyl) thiazoles derivatives showed significant anticancer activity
for human leukemia cell line K-562 compared to adriamycin as a reference standard.

Conclusion:
All tested compounds showed potential 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and
nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity. Among the tested series, 4b, 4d and 4e exhibited
good hydrogen peroxide and 4b, 4e, 4f and 4g showed excellent superoxide radical scavenging
activity. In addition, the 4b, 4e and 4g compounds revealed potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity
against standard diclofenac sodium drug. 2-(2-Hydrazinyl) thiazole derivatives, such as 4c
and 4d, showed significant anticancer activity against human leukemia cell line K-562. Thus, these
molecules provide an interesting template for the design and development of new antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agents.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEBENDAZOLE SPHERICAL AGGLOMERATES USING MODIFIED EVAPORATIVE PRECIPITATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (EPAS)
Authors: M. MODI DHARMESHKUMAR , MODI AKSHAT D. , PARIKH RAJESH H. , PARIKH JOLLY R. 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Mebendazole is a popular benzimidazole class anthelmintic drug useful in the treatment of main infections of threadworms as well as other less common worm infections like whipworm, roundworm, and hookworm in adults and children over 2 y of age. It is poorly soluble in water resulting in poor absorption from the intestinal tract leading to a decrease in bioavailability. Moreover, Mebendazole has poor flowability due to the needle-shaped crystals. This work was carried out with the aim of increasing the flowability and solubility of Mebendazole.
Methods: A 32 full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the concentration of Mebendazole and the quantity of water as an external phase using evaporative precipitation into an aqueous solution. The prepared agglomerates were characterized for particle size distribution, shape, Hausner ratio, Carr’s index and % dissolved in 60 min (C60).

Results: The prepared agglomerates were found to be monodispersed. They also showed a decrease in the Hausner ration and Carr’s index, indicating improved flowability. Increase in C60 indicated that the agglomerates were found to have increased water solubility.
Conclusion: Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that the agglomerates were spherical in shape. Fourier Transformed Infra-Red studies showed no chemical change in the prepared spherical agglomerates. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies showed an increase in amorphous characteristics of prepared spherical agglomerates. This method may be used for drugs with similar characteristics as Mebendazole.
Almuerzo en el tianguis
Authors: Vázquez Torres Norma Cristina , Morales Salinas Maricruz 
Published: September 2022

<p class="p1">La alimentación es construida, en cada sociedad, gracias a un proceso de simbolización que dota de características particulares a cada uno de los alimentos, lo que permite percibirlos como comestibles, esto también los hace integrarse al sistema de preferencias de la persona, que va desde la lección del alimento, el lugar donde se adquieren, hasta el establecimiento de las formas de preparación y de consumo, en ello se relacionan incluso las experiencias con algunos alimentos, las creencias, los prejuicios, la imitación, la disponibilidad, el poder adquisitivo y el nivel sociocultural. La disposición temporal de alimentos se ubica en espacios públicos llamado mercados. Cada región y país tiene su propio mercado, en México, se conoce como Tianguis que tiene la misma connotación y función. En ellos es común encontrar puestos para el consumo de alimentos rápidos <em>a la mexicana</em> de variada proteína animal como barbacoa, cecina, suadero, tripa, carnitas o pescados, entre otros. Este trabajo revisa la dinámica de la disposición de los alimentos y la conducta alimentaria que va a la par con la cultura y su efecto en la salud de las personas.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
Las tecnologías de la información y su influencia en la educación médico-odontológica
Authors: Torres Urquidy Miguel Humberto 
Published: September 2022

La salud y la informática, como áreas del conocimiento poseen dos características en común: la generación de nuevos conocimientos y el cambio constante de procedimientos y aplicaciones. La combinación de la salud y la informática, aunque parezca reciente, en realidad lleva varias décadas de desarrollo. Fue en 1958 cuando el Dr. Robert Ledley, dentista de la ciudad de Nueva York en EUA utilizó por primera vez una computadora para analizar las características de cierto tipo de pacientes.1 Desde entonces, el uso de la tecnología en el área de la salud y en odontología ha tenido adelantos sorprendentes. Tecnologías ya disponibles como la historia clínica computarizada2 o el diagnóstico automatizado de caries3 permitirán implementar avances en otras áreas como la bioinformática, donde el diagnóstico genético de enfermedades orales se realizará en el consultorio4,5 o de biomateriales donde el uso de esmalte sintético complementará la aplicación de materiales de restauración.6