bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and pharmaceutical properties of Hangeshashinto oral ointment and its safety and efficacy in Syrian hamsters with 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis
Authors: Ogihara Takashi , Kagawa Masato , Yamanaka Rintarou , Imai Satoshi , Itohara Kotaro , Hira Daiki , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Yonezawa Atsushi , Ito Michiho , Nakagawa Takayuki , Terada Tomohiro , Matsubara Kazuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (COM) is a common adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy. Several clinical studies reported that repetitive use of mouthwashes containing 2.5–6.25% Hangeshashinto (HST), a Kampo formula, relieves COM, but the effect is insufficient. To solve this problem, we produced an oral ointment of 12% HST extract (considered quantitatively equivalent to 20% commercially available HST), which will increase the local concentrations of its active ingredients and prolong the contact time with COM. In this study, we evaluated the pharmaceutical properties (spreadability and stability) of HST oral ointment. In addition, its safety (oral mucosal irritation) and therapeutic effects on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis were evaluated in male Syrian hamsters. The HST ointment showed good spreadability and stability for more than 8 weeks at 4 °C. In the oral mucosal irritation test, topical application of HST ointment (0.2 g) three times per day for 14 days had no adverse effect on the oral mucosa of hamsters. In hamsters treated with 5-fluorouracil (60 mg/kg) twice, COM was induced by a submucosal injection of 5% acetic acid into the cheek pouch. When HST ointment (50 µg) was topically applied to the mucositis area once per day for 12 days, the area and macroscopic score of mucositis were significantly decreased, and the depth of the wound tended to be reduced compared with the lactose ointment-treated control animals. These findings suggest that HST oral ointment shows good properties in spreadability, stability, and safety, and elicits a therapeutic effect in an animal model of COM.
Graphical abstract
Computational scatter correction in near real-time with a fast Monte Carlo photon transport model for high-resolution flat-panel CT
Authors: Alsaffar Ammar , Kieß Steffen , Sun Kaicong , Simon Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn computed tomography (CT), scattering causes server quality degradation of the reconstructed CT images by introducing streaks and cupping artifacts which reduce the detectability of low contrast objects. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is considered the most accurate approach for scatter estimation. However, the existing MC estimators are computationally expensive, especially for high-resolution flat-panel CT. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate MC photon transport model which describes the physics within the 1 keV to 1 MeV range using multiple controllable key parameters. Based on this model, scatter computation for a single projection can be completed within a range of a few seconds under well-defined model parameters. Smoothing and interpolation are performed on the estimated scatter to accelerate the scatter calculation without compromising accuracy too much compared to measured near scatter-free projection images. Combining the fast scatter estimation with the filtered backprojection (FBP), scatter correction is performed effectively in an iterative manner. To evaluate the proposed MC model, we have conducted extensive experiments on the simulated data and real-world high-resolution flat-panel CT. Compared to the state-of-the-art MC simulators, the proposed MC model achieved a 15$$\times$$×acceleration on a single-GPU compared to the GPU implementation of the Penelope simulator (MCGPU) utilizing several acceleration techniques, and a 202$$\times$$×speed-up on a multi-GPU system compared to the multi-threaded state-of-the-art EGSnrc MC simulator. Furthermore, it is shown that for high-resolution images, scatter correction with sufficient accuracy is accomplished within one to three iterations using a FBP and the proposed fast MC photon transport model.
Ultrasmall NiS2 Nanocrystals Embedded in Ordered Macroporous Graphenic Carbon Matrix for Efficiently Pseudocapacitive Sodium Storage
Authors: Liu Zhaozhao , Wang Jiang , Bi Ran , Zhao Pinyi , Wu Mengqian , Liu Xinyu , Yin Likun , Wang Chengyang , Chen Mingming , Ji Kemeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSodium-ion hybrid capacitor (SIHC) is one of the most promising alternatives for large-scale energy storage due to its high energy and power densities, natural abundance, and low cost. However, overcoming the imbalance between slow Na+ reaction kinetics of battery-type anodes and rapid ion adsorption/desorption of capacitive cathodes is a significant challenge. Here, we propose the high-rate-performance NiS2@OMGC anode material composed of monodispersed NiS2 nanocrystals (8.8 ± 1.7 nm in size) and N, S-co-doped graphenic carbon (GC). The NiS2@OMGC material has a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) morphology, and numerous NiS2 nanocrystals are uniformly embedded in GC, forming a core–shell structure in the local area. Ultrafine NiS2 nanocrystals and their nano–microstructure demonstrate high pseudocapacitive Na-storage capability and thus excellent rate performance (355.7 mAh/g at 20.0 A/g). A SIHC device fabricated using NiS2@OMGC and commercial activated carbon (AC) cathode exhibits ultrahigh energy densities (197.4 Wh/kg at 398.8 W/kg) and power densities (43.9 kW/kg at 41.3 Wh/kg), together with a long life span. This outcome exemplifies the rational architecture and composition design of this type of anode material. This strategy can be extended to the design and synthesis of a wide range of high-performance electrode materials for energy storage applications.
Neoadjuvant treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer—the earlier, the better
Authors: Terbuch Angelika , Absenger Gudrun 
Published: August 2022

SummaryNeoadjuvant checkpoint inhibition in resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is safe and high major pathologic response (MPR) and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates can be achieved in combination with chemotherapy. The Checkmate 816 trial gives evidence that pathologic response also leads to EFS benefit. This opens new opportunities in the curative setting but also raises questions: What is the value of adjuvant treatment with checkpoint inhibitors? Or should we treat our patients peri-operatively? Which biomarkers can we use for treatment decisions and monitoring of curative patients? Targeted therapies in the neoadjuvant setting lead to promising response rates and data for EFS and overall survival are eagerly awaited.
Artificial intelligence computer-aided detection enhances synthesized mammograms: comparison with original digital mammograms alone and in combination with tomosynthesis images in an experimental setting
Authors: Uematsu Takayoshi , Nakashima Kazuaki , Harada Taiyo Leopoldo , Nasu Hatsuko , Igarashi Tatsuya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
It remains unclear whether original full-field digital mammograms (DMs) can be replaced with synthesized mammograms in both screening and diagnostic settings. To compare reader performance of artificial intelligence computer-aided detection synthesized mammograms (AI CAD SMs) with that of DM alone or in combination with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images in an experimental setting.

Methods
We compared the performance of multireader (n = 4) and reading multicase (n = 388), in 84 cancers, 83 biopsy-proven benign lesions, and 221 normal or benign cases with negative results after 1-year follow-up. Each reading was independently interpreted with four reading modes: DM, AI CAD SM, DM + DBT, and AI CAD SM + DBT. The accuracy of probability of malignancy (POM) and five-category ratings were evaluated using areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the random-reader analysis.

Results
The mean AUC values based on POM for DM, AI CAD SM, DM + DBT, and AI CAD SM + DBT were 0.871, 0.902, 0.895, and 0.909, respectively. The mean AUC of AI CAD SM was significantly higher (P = 0.002) than that of DM. For calcification lesions, the sensitivity of SM and DM did not differ significantly (P = 0.204). The mean AUC for AI CAD SM + DBT was higher than that of DM + DBT (P = 0.082). ROC curves based on the five-category ratings showed similar proximity of the overall performance levels.

Conclusions
AI CAD SM alone was superior to DM alone. Also, AI CAD SM + DBT was superior to DM + DBT but not statistically significant.
HMMR promotes peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer by increasing cell–cell interactions
Authors: Yang Muwen , Chen Boyu , Kong Lingzhi , Chen Xiangfu , Ouyang Ying , Bai Jiewen , Yu Donglin , Zhang Huizhong , Li Xinghua , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Distant metastasis is the prominent factor for cancer-induced death of gastric cancer in which peritoneum is one of the dominating targets of gastric cancer metastasis. However, there is still a lack of effective predictive indicators and treatment methods for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Methods
A clustering assay was used to investigate the cell aggregates formation ability. While the soft agar assay and anoikis assay were performed to detect the anchorage-independent growth and anoikis-resistant ability respectively. Luciferase activity assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to explore the effect of HMMR on AKT signaling activity. The peritoneal implantation model was examined to explore the role of HMMR in vivo.

Results
Silencing of HMMR expression markedly reduced the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells through reducing cell–cell interactions. Mechanistically, HA-HMMR could activate Akt signaling, thus succeeding in distant colonization and metastatic outgrowth. Importantly, inducible depletion of HMMR significantly abrogates peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion
Our study highlights that HMMR promotes peritoneal implantation of gastric cancer. A better understanding of HMMR’s functions and mechanism might provide a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker for metastatic gastric cancer.
Improving the accuracy of satellite and reanalysis precipitation data by their ensemble usage
Authors: Jafarpour Mohammad , Adib Arash , Lotfirad Morteza 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the outputs of five precipitation (PCP) datasets. These models are ECMWF reanalysis 5th generation (ERA5), precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks-climate data record (PERSIANN-CDR), Asian precipitation-highly resolved observational data integration toward evaluation (APHRODITE), The national centers for environmental prediction climate forecast system reanalysis (NCEP CFSR) and climatic research unit (CRU). The PCP outputs of these models were compared with data of nine synoptic stations in the Khuzestan province. The results indicated a better match between the APHRODITE outputs and the PCP data at most stations (R2 > 0.85, root-mean-square error (RMSE) < 17.049 mm and − 4.25 < Bias < 2.633 mm). However, CRU model has the highest critical success index (more than 0.711) and the lowest false alarm ratio (less than 0.2) and ERA5 has the highest probability of detection (more than 0.967) at most stations. Then, PCP outputs of five reanalysis (ERA5), interpolated (APHRODITE, NCEP CFSR and CRU) and satellite (PERSIANN-CDR) PCP datasets were combined to reduce the PCP estimation error. The multivariate adaptive regression splines models were employed for this purpose. The results show that the RMSE of all the stations, except Ahvaz station, decreased and the BIAS decreased too. Given the results, using ensemble data methods is a suitable way for reducing the error and increasing the accuracy of these models.
The impacts of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues in achieving sustainable lithium supply in the Lithium Triangle
Authors: Petavratzi E. , Sanchez-Lopez D. , Hughes A. , Stacey J. , Ford J. , Butcher A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe electrification transition will intensify the demand for lithium. The endowment in the Lithium Triangle is significant, and the expectations for the global supply are high in terms of resources and sustainability. In this paper, we investigate the impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) challenges to the future of sustainable lithium extraction. We undertook a qualitative analysis to prioritise the risks associated with these challenges and discussed their interlinkages. We argue that a sustainable perspective for lithium extraction in the region requires continuous and informed dialogue among government, industry and community stakeholders and participatory processes that reduce the asymmetries of power and knowledge. We provide a list of urgent mitigation actions that could assist the move towards sustainability. These include the following. First is expanding our understandings of the water cycle of lithium brines in this region. This should be underpinned by baseline data and ongoing monitoring at the watershed scale, capacity building to strengthen institutions, improved regulations and data infrastructures to promote data transparency and accessibility. Second is integrating biodiversity impacts within existing mining practices and procedures (e.g. Environmental Impact Assessments — EIA). We propose the strategic implementation of the mitigation hierarchy and IFC’s Performance Standards to avoid, reduce and offset the risks of lithium extraction on ecosystem services and critically important biodiversity impacts. Third is strengthening social participatory processes that enable the local communities to become actors in decision-making and the ongoing management and monitoring of lithium projects. Fourth is establishing a framework to support a Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) process specific to lithium with a regional approach in the Lithium Triangle.
Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study
Authors: Lang Justin J. , Zhang Kai , Agostinis-Sobrinho César , Andersen Lars Bo , Basterfield Laura , Berglind Daniel , Blain Dylan O. , Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina , Cameron Christine , Carson Valerie , Colley Rachel C. , Csányi Tamás , Faigenbaum Avery D. , García-Hermoso Antonio , Gomes Thayse Natacha Q. F. , Gribbon Aidan , Janssen Ian , Jurak Gregor , Kaj Mónika , Kidokoro Tetsuhiro , Lane Kirstin N. , Liu Yang , Löf Marie , Lubans David R. , Magnussen Costan G. , Manyanga Taru , McGrath Ryan , Mota Jorge , Olds Tim , Onywera Vincent O. , Ortega Francisco B. , Oyeyemi Adewale L. , Prince Stephanie A. , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Roberts Karen C. , Rubín Lukáš , Servais Jennifer , Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Silva Danilo R. , Smith Jordan J. , Song Yi , Stratton Gareth , Timmons Brian W. , Tomkinson Grant R. , Tremblay Mark S. , Wong Stephen H. S. , Fraser Brooklyn J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The measurement of physical fitness has a history that dates back nearly 200 years. Recently, there has been an increase in international research and surveillance on physical fitness creating a need for setting international priorities that could help guide future efforts.

Objective
This study aimed to produce a list of the top 10 international priorities for research and surveillance on physical fitness among children and adolescents.

Methods
Using a twin-panel Delphi method, two independent panels consisting of 46 international experts were identified (panel 1 = 28, panel 2 = 18). The panel participants were asked to list up to five priorities for research or surveillance (round 1), and then rated the items from their own panel on a 5-point Likert scale of importance (round 2). In round 3, experts were asked to rate the priorities identified by the other panel.

Results
There was strong between-panel agreement (panel 1: rs = 0.76, p < 0.01; panel 2: rs = 0.77, p < 0.01) in the priorities identified. The list of the final top 10 priorities included (i) “conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes in fitness and associations with health”. This was followed by (ii) “use fitness surveillance to inform decision making”, and (iii) “implement regular and consistent international/national fitness surveys using common measures”.

Conclusions
The priorities identified in this study provide guidance for future international collaborations and research efforts on the physical fitness of children and adolescents over the next decade and beyond.
Higher elastica: geodesics in jet space
Authors: Bravo-Doddoli Alejandro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCarnot groups are subRiemannian manifolds. As such, they admit geodesic flows, which are left-invariant Hamiltonian flows on their cotangent bundles. Some of these flows are integrable; some are not. The k-jets space of for real-valued functions on the real line forms a Carnot group of dimension $$k+2$$

k
+
2

. In this study, it is shown that its geodesic flow is integrable and that its geodesics generalize Euler’s elastica, with the case $$k=2$$

k
=
2

corresponding to the elastica.
A novel heat treatment of the additively manufactured Co28Cr6Mo biomedical alloy and its effects on hardness, microstructure and sliding wear behavior
Authors: Tonelli Lavinia , Ahmed Mohamed M. Z. , Ceschini Lorella 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCo28Cr6Mo alloy (ASTM F75 and F1537) is one of the standard biomaterials for permanent orthopedic implants, utilized especially in case of joint replacement, such as knee and ankle prostheses. At the present, innovative Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF), also known as selective laser melting (SLM), enable the production of customized medical devices with improved mechanical properties. When dealing with implants for joint replacement, wear resistance is critical and, unlike compressive and tensile properties, the knowledge on wear behavior of the LPBF Co28Cr6Mo alloy is currently limited. Furthermore, the effect of post-process heat treatment on tribological properties, that have to be customized on the peculiar microstructure induced by LPBF, needs to be assessed. In this view, the present work first focuses on a novel direct aging treatment of the LPBF Co28Cr6Mo alloy, performed in the range 600–900 °C up to 180 min, and investigates the effects on hardness and microstructural features, with the optimized heat-treated condition found in case of 850 °C for 180 min aging treatment. Then, the attention is driven to the dry sliding wear behavior of as-built and heat-treated LPBF Co28Cr6Mo alloy, considering the conventional wrought alloy as benchmark. For testing conditions closer to the in-service ones, the as-built LPBF alloy showed a wear resistance higher than the conventional wrought alloy. The optimized aging treatment significantly modified the as-built LPBF microstructure, it improved the alloy hardness and, in general, it positively affected its friction and wear behavior.
Experimental and numerical studies of fragmentation shells filled with advanced HMX-plastic explosive compared to various explosive charges
Authors: Elshenawy Tamer , Zaky M. Gaber , Elbeih Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe wide usage of TNT as a main charge for fragmentation shells has been eliminated due to its lower performance and exudation on the fuze thread and relevant safety measures inconvenience. These disadvantages have not become accepted anymore due to the desired safety requirements and the limited efficiency of the TNT, especially when different new explosives are introduced into researches. This research studies the fragmentation calculations of the 120 mm high explosive shell when its is loaded with different explosives rather than TNT. Different explosives have been used in the current research include the melt cast compositions such as Octol and composition B, a cast cured composition based on RDX with HTPB polymer matrix and the plastic explosive composition HMX-silicone. The fingerprint of the fragmentation pattern of each shell loaded with different explosive has been obtained using Autodyn smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) algorithm, whose numerical model has been validated with previous measurements using TNT explosive. Based on obtained numerical estimates, the HMX-silicone explosive has been proposed to replace the traditional TNT explosive material. This explosive has been then manufactured and casted into the studied 120 mm shell, where the experimental field pit test was established to collect, separate and analyse the resultant fragments. Current calculations and experimental results showed that the shell loaded by composition HMX-silicone produced the highest fragmentation velocities (i.e. 1.5 times that of TNT) and the largest number of fragments (i.e. 2.7 times that of TNT) with lower masses, which will be recommended for our next production stages instead of the traditional TNT.
Real-world experience with molnupiravir during the period of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant dominance
Authors: Flisiak Robert , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Rogalska Magdalena , Kryńska Justyna Anna , Kowalska Justyna , Dutkiewicz Ewa , Dobrowolska Krystyna , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna , Rorat Marta , Podlasin Regina , Tronina Olga , Rzymski Piotr 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The real-world effectiveness of molnupiravir (MOL) during the dominance of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 lineage is urgently needed since the available data relate to the period of circulation of other viral variants. Therefore, this study assessed the efficacy of MOL in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a real-world clinical practice during the wave of Omicron infections.

Methods
Among 11,822 patients hospitalized after 1 March 2020 and included in the SARSTer national database, 590 were treated between 1 January and 30 April 2022, a period of dominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. MOL was administered to 203 patients, whereas 387 did not receive any antiviral regimen. Both groups were similar in terms of sex, BMI and age allowing for direct comparisons.

Results
Patients who did not receive antiviral therapy significantly more often required the use of Dexamethasone and Baricitinib. Treatment with MOL resulted in a statistically significant reduction in mortality during the 28-day follow-up (9.9 vs. 16.3%), which was particularly evident in the population of patients over 80 years of age treated in the first 5 days of the disease (14.6 vs. 35.2%). MOL therapy did not affect the frequency of the need for mechanical ventilation, but patients treated with MOL required oxygen supplementation less frequently than those without antivirals (31.7 vs. 49.2%). The time of hospitalization did not differ between groups.

Conclusions
The use of molnupiravir in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the dominance of Omicron variant reduced mortality. This effect is particularly evident in patients over 80 years of age.