bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Bodies Are Not Capital: Arduous Cross-Border Mobilities between Shenzhen and Hong Kong
Authors: Waters Johanna L. , Leung Maggi W. H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article foregrounds and unpacks the significance of education in the migration of children in contemporary Asia, drawing principally on research undertaken in Hong Kong and across the border with Mainland China (Shenzhen). Using the example of cross-boundary schooling, the authors explore the role played by children in emergent transnational topologies and reflects on the significance of this for understandings of “migration.” The authors argue that while children are harbingers of future migration and their mobilities appear, on the surface, to function seamlessly, in reality their experiences of mobility are very immediate and embodied: corporeal, emotional, and invariably arduous. The arduousness and corporality of everyday mobilities for education are rarely explored in the extant literature, and this article therefore attempts to highlight these important aspects of children's experiences.
Transperipheral Educational Mobility: Less Privileged South Korean Young Adults Pursuing English Language Study in a Peripheral City in the Philippines
Authors: Choi Carolyn Areum 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The pursuit of overseas English language education by South Korean youth has resulted in a hierarchy of educational destinations, with migrants studying English in the Global North attaining higher cultural capital compared to those learning English in the Global South. This article examines the experiences of South Korean youth who pursue education in English language schools in the provincial Philippines. Using in-depth interviews and participant observation with South Korean educational migrants in the Philippines and South Korea, it outlines class and regional dynamics in a pattern of youth mobility the author calls “transperipheral educational mobility.” This type of mobility refers to the transnational movement of less-privileged, that is low-resourced, South Korean youth from peripheral regions in South Korea to peripheral cities in the Philippines for the purpose of pursuing English language education in a budget program. Despite being considered “less legitimate” than the credentials earned by their counterparts in destinations in the Global North, the pursuit of English language education in the Global South, as this article shows, provides forms of precultural capital, compensatory middle-class consumption, and entrepreneurial inspiration that strategically and creatively seeks to challenge working-class migrants’ marginal positions within South Korea's highly stratified and increasingly neoliberal society.
Heading Exposure in Elite Football (Soccer): A Study in Adolescent, Young Adult, and Adult Male and Female Players
Authors: LANGDON SHARI , GOEDHART EDWIN , OOSTERLAAN JAAP , KÖNIGS MARSH 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aims to quantify heading exposure in real-life elite football at the level of individual male and female adolescents, young adults, and adults.

Methods
Heading exposure was determined by video analysis in combination with a structured electronic registration tool and observation training, to comprehensively register heading characteristics. Characteristics of heading events were registered in 116 official matches (96 male, 20 female) of Dutch national teams.

Results
Mean exposure for male players based on full match participation was 4.2 headers, with maximum heading exposure at 10.6 headers. Mean heading exposure was higher in adult than adolescent players (P = 0.049), whereas maximum heading exposure was higher for adult than for young adult players (P = 0.045). Maximum heading exposure was higher in male than in female players (P = 0.015). Defenders had the greatest mean and maximum heading exposure (P < 0.001). Longer flight courses of the ball had greater contribution to mean and maximum heading exposure than shorter courses (P < 0.01). Frontal headers had greater contribution to exposure than other points of contact on player’s head (P < 0.001), whereas linear headers had greater contribution than rotational headers (P = 0.016). Defensive headers had greater contribution to exposure than other heading types (P < 0.014). Unintentional head contacts in elite football players were, in most cases (80%), not related to heading situations.

Conclusions
This study provides real-life quantifications of mean and maximum heading exposure in elite football, with strong relevance for policy makers and researchers. The results highlight the roles of player and heading characteristics in heading exposure, informing current discussions on the role of heading in football.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies New Genetic Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness: The Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: KLEVJER MARIE , NORDEIDET ADA N. , HANSEN AILIN F. , MADSSEN ERIK , WISLØFF ULRIK , BRUMPTON BEN M. , BYE ANJA 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a stronger predictor of CVD morbidity and mortality than established risk factors. The genetic component of CRF, quantified as peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), is estimated to be ~60%. Unfortunately, current studies on genetic markers for CRF have been limited by small sample sizes and using estimated CRF. To overcome these limitations, we performed a large-scale systematic screening for genetic variants associated with V̇O2peak.

Methods
A genome-wide association study was performed with BOLT-LMM including directly measured V̇O2peak from 4525 participants in the HUNT3 Fitness study and 14 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). For validation, similar analyses were performed in the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB), where CRF was assessed through a submaximal bicycle test, including ~60,000 participants and ~60 million SNP. Functional mapping and annotation of the genome-wide association study results was conducted using FUMA.

Results
In HUNT, two genome-wide significant SNP associated with V̇O2peak were identified in the total population, two in males, and 35 in females. Two SNP in the female population showed nominally significant association in the UKB. One of the replicated SNP is located in PIK3R5, shown to be of importance for cardiac function and CVD. Bioinformatic analyses of the total and male population revealed candidate SNP in PPP3CA, previously associated with CRF.

Conclusions
We identified 38 novel SNP associated with V̇O2peak in HUNT. Two SNP were nominally replicated in UKB. Several interesting genes emerged from the functional analyses, among them one previously reported to be associated with CVD and another with CRF.
Plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin and lipid profile in Sudanese type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease: a case control study
Authors: Abdallah Salsabbil Idris , Abubaker Nuha Eljailli , Ibrahim Mariam Abbas , Abd Alla Ahmed , Humaida Rami Adam 
Published: April 2022

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its consequences are a serious global public health issue. By 2030, the number of people with type 2 diabetes is predicted to reach 439 million. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the plasma levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and lipid profile in Sudanese T2DM patients. Methods: This case control study included 165 Sudanese patients with diabetic type 2 and a cardiovascular condition as cases and 165 diabetic type 2 volunteers without a cardiovascular disorder as controls. The concentrations of plasma glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile were assessed using a Mindray BS-480 auto-chemistry analyzer, and insulin was analyzed using a Cobase 411 auto analyzer. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tools for social science computer programs (SPSS version 21). Results: According to the findings, (59.4 %) of patients between the ages of (50-69). Females made up 50.9 %. (38.2 %) of patients had an illness duration of between (8-15 years). (41.8%) of individuals did not have hypertension. There was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin among diabetics with cardiovascular disease compared to diabetics without cardiovascular disease (p-value = 0.001, 0.000, 0.018, and 0.000). Females had significantly higher blood TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and BMI than males (p-values = 0.000, 0,001, and 0.000, respectively). There were significant positive correlation between FBS, HBA1c, insulin and duration of disease (r=0.155, p, value=0.005) (r=0.160, p, value=0.004)(r=0.103, p. value=0.061)respectively, while there were significant negative correlation between TC, TG,LDL-C, HDL-C and duration of disease (r=-0.152, p, value= 0.006)(r=-0.023, p, value=0.678)(r=-0.113, p, value= 0.040)(r=-0.145, p, value=0.008)respectively. Conclusion: When comparing diabetics with cardiovascular disease to diabetics without cardiovascular disease, there was a substantial rise in BMI, FBG, HbA1c, HDL-C, and insulin. FBS, HBA1c, insulin, and illness duration all had a strong positive connection.
Current situation in providing medical care for burn injuries in Ukraine: public opinion
Authors: Chornopyshchuk R. , Nagaichuk V. , Kozinets G. , Nazarchuk O. , Turganska O. , Khimich S. , Zheliba M. 
Published: April 2022

The results of assessment of specialized medical assistance to burn victims are presented in the article, they being based not on standard statistical figures from burn units and centers but on anonymous online survey of 486 respondents (60.5% of them - the residents of Vinnytsya region). The aim of this questionnaire-based survey was to study the level of awareness of Ukrainian population regarding the principles of providing first aid for burn injuries, as well as the availability, quality and shortcomings of current burn care in medical institutions based on the assessment of discharged patients. For this purpose, a 37-item questionnaire was developed, being divided into some blocks: general information about respondents, pre-medical aid, first medical aid, qualified medical aid and specialized medical care.
According to the questionnaire, 76.9% of respondents rated the quality of medical care 5 scores by 5-score system, 17.9% - 4 scores, 5.2% - 3 scores, being indicative of rather high level of burn care, even in conditions of limited material, technical and financial resources, as well as rapid decrease of confidence in doctors in general. Online survey conducted in every region of Ukraine seems to be reasonable to make adequate assessment of study problem in the country in general.
The role of social media in promoting the activities of the personal trainer
Authors: Domański Jarosław , Stefaniak Tadeusz , Wesołowski Daniel , Mauer-Różańska Renata , Mardausz Anna 
Published: April 2022

Praca w której skupiono się na precyzyjnym wskazaniu konkretnych mediów społecznościowych mających na celu promowanie trenerów personalnych. Wyszczególniono dwa z największych social- mediów, które skupiają społeczności o podobnych zainteresowaniach i potrzebach.
Jakich narzędzi marketingowych należy używać aby precyzyjnie określać "target" trenera personalnego. Procesy planowania i wdrażania pomysłów sprzedażowych .
Wskazanie cech charakterystycznych social-mediów
Ocena przydatności mediów społeznościowych w promocji trenerów personalnych.
The Impact of Institutions on Innovation
Authors: Donges Alexander , Meier Jean-Marie , Silva Rui C. 
Published: April 2022

We study the impact of inclusive institutions on innovation using novel, hand-collected, county-level data for Imperial Germany. We use the timing and geography of the French occupation of different German regions after the French Revolution of 1789 as an instrument for institutional quality. We find that the number of patents per capita in counties with the longest occupation was more than double that in unoccupied counties. Among the institutional changes brought by the French, the introduction of the Code civil, ensuring equality before the law, and the promotion of commercial freedom through the abolition of guilds and trade licenses had a stronger effect on innovation than the abolition of serfdom, which increased labor market mobility, and agricultural reforms that broke up the power of rural elites. The effect of institutions on innovation is particularly pronounced for high-tech innovation, suggesting that innovation might be a key channel through which institutions ultimately affect economic growth. Our findings highlight inclusive institutions as a first-order determinant of innovation. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Funding: During his Ph.D. at London Business School, Jean-Marie Meier received a grant from the Deloitte Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (an internal research institute at London Business School) for this paper. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4403 .
EFFECT OF IODINE AND MOISTURE ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF ZIRCALOY-4 UNDER SERVICE CONDITION IN PHWR
Authors: Mukherjee Dipankar , Choudhuri Gargi , Pal R.K. , Das Sanjoy 
Published: April 2022

Fuel failures are always a cause of concern in any nuclear reactors as it increases the manrem consumption of radiation workers. Although performance of the fuels in pressurized heavy water reactors is good, but still fuel failures occur occasionally. Post irradiation examination (PIE) of the failed fuel elements indicates internal hydriding, not deuteriding, as a major cause for the failures, although secondary deuteriding occurs and, in a few cases, failures are associated with defects in the end plug weld. The sources of hydrogen are either fuel pellets or the clad or the graphite coating. Restriction has been imposed on maximum content of total hydrogen in the fuel element to 1 mg to prevent hydriding of the Zircaloy clad tube. Accidental pick up of hydrogen occurs, which could lead to failure of the fuel bundles. Experimental investigations have been conducted to understand the individual effect of iodine and accidental pick up of moisture on the microstructure of Zircaloy-4 end cap welded samples with graphite coating. Results indicate that severe hydriding in Zircaloy-4 samples due to the existence of internal moisture in presence of graphite under service condition may result in fuel failure and justifies the findings of PIE.
DNA metabarcoding uncovers the diet of subterranean rodents in China
Authors: Zhang Xuxin , Zou Yao , Zou Xuan , Xu Zhenggang , Nan Xiaoning , Han Chongxuan 
Published: April 2022

Objective
A type of rodent called a zokor causes great harm to agriculture and forestry production due to its large and sophisticated diet. As this rodent lives subterrane for most of its life, researchers know little about its dietary habits. Further understanding of its diet is important for developing green and sustainable control strategies for the zokor.

Methods
Chloroplast trnL gene and internal transcription spacer 1 primers were selected for high-throughput sequencing of stomach contents of captured zokor by DNA metabarcoding.

Results
A total of 25 zokors were selected, the food list of 32 families, 80 genera, and 154 species was obtained. At the family level, it was found that zokors mainly fed on Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Pinaceae, Brassicaceae, and Apiaceae. At the genus level, zokors mainly fed on Echinops, Littledalea, Artemisia, Picea, Cirsium, and Elymus. The diet alpha diversity of Eospalax cansus was slightly higher than that of Eospalax cansus (P>0.05). The zokor’s diet is highly phconsistent with the resources of its habitat. Most food choices tend to be the same between the two zokors. They fed primarily on Calamagrostis, Cirsium, Echinops, Medicago, Sanguisorba, and Taraxacum. Zokors mainly fed on the roots of perennial herbs, which are important source of energy.

Conclusion
High-throughput sequencing-based DNA metabarcoding technology has effectively revealed the diet of zokors and indicated that zokors are food generalists.
Appropriateness of high-priority criteria and safety of endoscopy procedures during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Morales-Arraez Dalia , Hernández Anjara , Hernández-Bustabad Alberto , Amaral Carla , Reygosa Cristina , Nicolás-Pérez David , Gimeno-García Antonio Zebenzui , Hernández-Guerra Manuel 
Published: April 2022

Background
During the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, gastroenterology guidelines recommended the suspension or reduction of non-urgent endoscopy. We aimed to assess the appropriateness and safety of endoscopic activity during the pandemic first wave lockdown using European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommendations.

Methods
We identified scheduled patients from the onset of the lockdown in Spain since March 16, 2020) to April 14, 2020. Daily hospital COVID-19-related burden was also registered. A similar cohort from a period immediately before the lockdown was studied (pre-lockdown cohort) to compare appropriateness.

Results
454 endoscopy procedures were performed during the studied period, comprising a 49.7% reduction compared to the pre-lockdown cohort (n = 913). There was a significant increase in ESGE high-priority indications (62.1% vs. 45.6%, p<0.001) associated with an increase in relevant endoscopic findings (p = 0.006), advanced neoplasia/cancer (p = 0.004) and cancer detection rate (p = 0.010). There were no differences in the rate of admissions or infection among scheduled patients in the lockdown cohort. None of the staff members tested positive for COVID-19 in the 7 days after the adoption of protective measures.

Conclusion
A prioritized endoscopic activity is not associated with higher contagion after adopting protective measures. In addition, a triage of procedures that follow the ESGE criteria increases the rate of relevant endoscopic findings. These considerations may reduce the impact of the delays of diagnosis after the pandemic.
Bioactive adrenomedullin in sepsis patients in the emergency department is associated with mortality, organ failure and admission to intensive care
Authors: Lundberg Oscar H. M. , Rosenqvist Mari , Bronton Kevin , Schulte Janin , Friberg Hans , Melander Olle 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAdrenomedullin is a vasoactive hormone with potentially prognostic and therapeutic value, which mainly has been investigated in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The triaging in the emergency department (ED) of patients to the right level of care is crucial for patient outcome.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the association of bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) with mortality among sepsis patients in the ED. Secondary aims were to investigate the association of bio-ADM with multiple organ failure (MOF), ICU admission and ED discharge.MethodsIn this prospective observational cohort study, adult sepsis patients in the ED (2013–2015) had blood samples collected for later batch analysis of bio-ADM. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for bio-ADM were calculated.ResultsBio-ADM in 594 sepsis patients was analyzed of whom 51 died within 28 days (8.6%), 34 developed severe MOF, 27 were ICU admitted and 67 were discharged from the ED. The median (interquartile range) bio-ADM was 36 (26–56) and 63 (42–132) pg/mL among survivors and non-survivors, respectively, 81 (56–156) pg/mL for patients with severe MOF and 77 (42–133) pg/mL for ICU admitted patients. Each log-2 increment of bio-ADM conferred an OR of 2.30 (95% CI 1.74–3.04) for mortality, the adjusted OR was 2.39 (95% CI 1.69–3.39). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of a prognostic mortality model based on demographics and biomarkers increased from 0.80 to 0.86 (p = 0.02) when bio-ADM was added. Increasing bio-ADM was associated with severe MOF, ICU admission and ED discharge with adjusted ORs of 3.30 (95% CI 2.13–5.11), 1.75 (95% CI 1.11–2.77) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.32–0.68), respectively.ConclusionBio-ADM in sepsis patients in the ED is associated with mortality, severe MOF, ICU admission and ED discharge, and may be of clinical importance for triage of sepsis patients in the ED.
Sharing, reuse, and storage of biosamples among biomedical researchers in Jordan: Practice and concerns
Authors: Alkaraki Almuthanna K. , Khabour Omar F. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Al-Ebbini Lina M. K. , Altaany Zaid 
Published: April 2022

Background
Sharing and reuse biosamples can facilitate biomedical research. Little is known about researchers’ perception and practice about sharing, reusing, and storing biosamples in Jordan. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the practices of biomedical researchers in Jordan regarding biosamples management.

Methods
The study was cross-sectional and involved biomedical researchers from different parts of Jordan. A questionnaire was designed to achieve the aim of this study. The questionnaire was web-based and distributed via e-mails using Google forms.

Results
Opinions of Jordanian biomedical researchers from different academic ranks and institutional backgrounds were measured and recorded anonymously. The majority of the sample was males (57.9%), from public universities (64.3%), and (64.6%) were from health-related fields. About 82.9% of participants stored biosamples using codes, whereas the rest used the subject’s name. Sharing of biosamples was commonly practiced by 61.7% of Jordanian researchers locally, while 47.2% of the Jordanian researchers shared biosamples overseas. The reuse of biosamples in other projects was reported to be 55.4%. The majority explained the possibility of reusing and sharing biosamples in the consent form (range: 53–58%). Sharing and reusing biosamples were associated with gender, the number of publications in peer-reviewed international journals, and academic rank (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Sharing and reusing biosamples are common among Jordanian biomedical researchers. Therefore, ethically grounded biosamples sharing and reuse standards are essential for protecting human subjects’ rights and privacy in Jordan.