bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CCL-K11 ongoing key comparison. Final report for 2021
Authors: Matus M , Zelenika S , Stanković N , Küng A , Balling P , Křen P , Zechner G 
Published: June 2022

Main text
Four lasers from three national metrological institutes (NMIs) were compared in the year 2021 as part of the CCL-K11 ongoing key comparison, initiated by the 13th meeting of the Comité Consultative des Longuers (CCL) in 2007. The absolute frequency of R(127) 11-5 (≈633 nm) and of R(56) 32-0 (≈532 nm) transitions of molecular iodine was measured for these lasers following the technical protocol for CCL-K11. The results of these measurements are compiled in the present report. The comparison reports, as communicated by each participant, are included in the main document.
For the very first time in this key-comparison a standard working on a different operating principle is reported. CMI participated with a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser stabilized to an iodine transition (Designation: CMI-YAG1). The technical protocol was deliberately designed to accommodate artefacts of different wavelengths in a common framework. Moreover, CMI participated with a second laser standard also. The institute has different CMC entries for the two laser types. Both entries refer to the same service category of highest metrological level, but are technically well separated. Due to the layout of CCL-K11 the KCRV is immune to a multiple participation of a single NMI. It was thus considered to include both measurements in this report.
This document constitutes the 11th final report for the ongoing key comparison CCL-K11.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Asymptotically hyperboloidal initial data sets from a parabolic–hyperbolic formulation of the Einstein vacuum constraints
Authors: Beyer F , Ritchie J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper we continue our investigations of Rácz’s parabolic–hyperbolic formulation of the Einstein vacuum constraints. Our previous studies of the asymptotically flat setting provided strong evidence for unstable asymptotics which we were able to resolve by introducing a certain modification of Rácz’s parabolic–hyperbolic formulation. The primary focus of the present paper here is the asymptotically hyperboloidal setting. We provide evidence through a mixture of numerical and analytical methods that the asymptotics of the solutions of Rácz’s parabolic–hyperbolic formulation are stable, and, in particular, no modifications are necessary to obtain solutions which are asymptotically hyperboloidal.
A note on the pp-wave solution of minimal massive 3D gravity coupled with Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory
Authors: Cebeci Hakan , Dereli Tekin , Şentorun Seçil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this work, we examine a family of pp-wave solutions of minimal massive 3D gravity minimally coupled with the Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory. An elaborate investigation of the field equations shows that the theory admits pp-wave solutions provided that there exist an anti-self duality relation between the electric and the magnetic components of the Maxwell two-form field. By employing Noether–Wald formalism, we also construct Noether charges of the theory within exterior algebra formalism.
Unipolar resistive switching behavior in MoS2–polyvinyl alcohol-based memory device
Authors: Liu Lifu , Cheng Shijie , Chen Wei , Ren Shuxia , Kang Xin , Zhao Xu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
MoS2–polymer-based memory devices have attracted significant interest owing to their mechanical flexibility, convenient solution processability, and affordability. These devices exhibit bipolar resistive switching behavior, and their switching relies on the polarity of the applied bias. This paper presents a memory device in which a MoS2–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid film is sandwiched between Ag and Pt electrodes. The developed Ag/MoS2–PVA/Pt device manifests typical unipolar resistive switching (URS) behavior and nonvolatile rewritable memory performance with a low operating voltage, large ON/OFF ratio (105), and multilevel cell storage ability. Notably, 1T-phase MoS2 is crucial for the URS behavior, and this switching behavior can be ascribed to the charge trapping as well as the Joule-heating-induced de-trapping of the S vacancies associated with 1T MoS2. These findings can facilitate the development of new designs for high-performance, high-density data storage.
Inverted spike-rate-dependent plasticity due to charge traps in a metal-oxide memristive device
Authors: Mishchenko M A , Bolshakov D I , Lukoyanov V I , Korolev D S , Belov A I , Guseinov D V , Matrosov V V , Kazantsev V B , Mikhaylov A N 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We develop a model of Au/Ta/ZrO2(Y)/Ta2O5/TiN/Ti memristive devices and demonstrate, both experimentally and numerically, an inverted spike-rate-dependent plasticity effect. The effect consists of the reduction of the learning rate with an increase in the frequency of spikes generated by the phase-locked loop neuron. The memristor model uses two internal state variables representing the number of complete filaments and the concentration of the charged traps. While the former state variable defines the device resistance and is associated with the distribution of oxygen vacancies, the latter affects the internal electric field and modulates the migration of vacancies. Several neural circuit configurations that include pairs and populations of memristively coupled neurons are analyzed numerically. The results of this study may contribute to the development of large-scale self-organized artificial cognitive systems based on neural synchrony.
Stable structures and superconducting properties of Ca–La–H compounds under pressure
Authors: Yang KaiPing , Sun HuiJuan , Chen HaiLiang , Chen LingYan , Li BingYu , Lu WenCai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The calcium hydrides and lanthanum hydrides under high pressures have been reported to have good superconducting properties with high-T
C. In this work, the structures and superconductivities of Ca–La–H ternary hydrides have been studied by genetic algorithm and density functional theory calculations. Our results show that at the pressure range of 100–300 GPa, the most stable structure of CaLaH12 has a Cmmm symmetry, in which there is a H24 hydrogen cage. It can be expected to have high possibility to be synthesized due to its large stability. Furthermore, the predicted T
C of the Cmmm-CaLaH12 structure is about 140 K at 150 GPa, and when the pressure decreases to 30 GPa, the CaLaH12 structure with a C2/m symmetry has a predicted T
C of about 49 K. The CaLaH12 is suggested to be a stable good superconductor with large stability and performs well at relatively low pressures.
Dynamic imaging using motion-compensated smoothness regularization on manifolds (MoCo-SToRM)
Authors: Zou Qing , Torres Luis A , Fain Sean B , Higano Nara S , Bates Alister J , Jacob Mathews 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. We introduce an unsupervised motion-compensated reconstruction scheme for high-resolution free-breathing pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging. Approach. We model the image frames in the time series as the deformed version of the 3D template image volume. We assume the deformation maps to be points on a smooth manifold in high-dimensional space. Specifically, we model the deformation map at each time instant as the output of a CNN-based generator that has the same weight for all time-frames, driven by a low-dimensional latent vector. The time series of latent vectors account for the dynamics in the dataset, including respiratory motion and bulk motion. The template image volume, the parameters of the generator, and the latent vectors are learned directly from the k-t space data in an unsupervised fashion. Main results. Our experimental results show improved reconstructions compared to state-of-the-art methods, especially in the context of bulk motion during the scans. Significance. The proposed unsupervised motion-compensated scheme jointly estimates the latent vectors that capture the motion dynamics, the corresponding deformation maps, and the reconstructed motion-compensated images from the raw k-t space data of each subject. Unlike current motion-resolved strategies, the proposed scheme is more robust to bulk motion events during the scan.
Effect of inhomogeneities on the propagation of gravitational waves from binaries of compact objects
Authors: Pandey Shashank Shekhar , Sarkar Arnab , Ali Amna , Majumdar A.S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider the propagation of gravitational waves in the late time Universe with the presence of structure. Before detection, gravitational waves emitted from distant sources have to traverse through regions of spacetime which are far from smooth and homogeneous. We investigate the effect of inhomogeneities on the observables associated with the gravitational wave sources. In particular, we evaluate the impact of inhomogeneities on gravitational wave propagation by employing Buchert's framework of averaging. In context of a toy model within the above framework, it is first shown how the redshift versus distance relation gets affected through the averaging process. We then study the variation of the redshift dependent part of the observed gravitational wave amplitude for different combination of our model parameters. We show that the variation of the gravitational wave amplitude with respect to redshift can deviate significantly compared to that in the ΛCDM-model. Our result signifies the importance of local inhomogeneities on precision measurements of parameters of gravitational wave sources.
Research on 2 μm polarization maintaining laser cavity based on the depolarization characteristics of a corner cube prism
Authors: Xie Gengchen , Wu Jing , Wu Yongfeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Based on the Jones matrix theory, a polarization maintaining 2 μm ring laser with a cavity structure of corner cube prisms (CCPs) is firstly presented in this paper. The changes of polarization state are simulated and coincide with the corresponding 2.06 μm experimental results for output beams after the CCP. Research results show that if the incident beam is circularly polarized or linearly polarized, the output beam will be generally elliptically polarized. Only when the polarization azimuths of linearly polarized incident beams are 16.06°, 43.94°, 46.06° and 73.94° can the linearly polarized output beams with different polarization azimuth angles be obtained. As such an incident beam passes through two CCPs arranged in the same way according to four specially reflection sequences (ACB and BCA, BCA and ACB, BAC and CAB, CAB and BAC) respectively, the polarization maintaining 2 μm laser can be realized. This work provides a reference basis for the design of a 2 μm corner cube ring cavity laser to realize the preservation of polarization state, which have practical significance to improve the output characteristics of 2 μm laser.
Improving the scheme of bidirectional controlled teleportation with a five-qubit composite GHZ-Bell state
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zhang Gang , Xie Chuanmei , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A bidirectional controlled quantum state teleportation (BCQST) scheme was proposed by Li et al (2013 Int. J. Theor. Phys.
52 1630) using a five-qubit composite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-Bell state as the quantum channel. However, it was found to be unsuccessful for bidirectional teleportation control due to its own security loopholes (Shukla et al 2013 Int. J. Theor. Phys.
52 3790). In this paper, we put forward an improved version of the BCQST scheme so that the loopholes are fixed and the bidirectional control can indeed be achieved. In addition, after the improvement, the revised scheme becomes more feasible in terms of present experimental techniques.
On the stabilisation of locked tearing modes in ITER and other large tokamaks
Authors: Nies Richard , Reiman Allan H. , Fisch Nathaniel J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Tearing modes in tokamaks typically rotate while small and then lock at a fixed location when larger. Research on present-day devices has focused almost exclusively on stabilisation of rotating modes, as it has been considered imperative to avoid locked modes. However, in larger devices, stabilisation during the rotating phase is made difficult by fast locking at small island widths, and large broadening of the stabilising wave-driven current profile. In contrast, the smaller island width at locking not only mitigates the deleterious consequences of locked modes, but also permits their efficient stabilisation. On large devices, it thus becomes surprisingly advantageous to allow the mode to grow and lock naturally before stabilising it, challenging the mainstream strategy of neoclassical tearing mode stabilisation during the rotating phase. Calculations indicate that a locked island stabilisation strategy should be adopted in the ITER tokamak, with a large potential impact on the fusion gain and disruptivity.
Quench dynamics of the Anderson impurity model at finite temperature using matrix product states: entanglement and bath dynamics
Authors: Kohn Lucas , Santoro Giuseppe E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamics of the quenched Anderson model at finite temperature using matrix product states (MPSs). Exploiting a chain mapping for the electron bath, we investigate the entanglement structure in the MPS for various orderings of the two chains, which emerge from the thermofield transformation employed to deal with nonzero temperature. We show that merging both chains can significantly lower the entanglement at finite temperatures as compared to an intuitive nearest-neighbor implementation of the Hamiltonian. Analyzing the population of the free bath modes—possible when simulating the full dynamics of impurity plus bath—we find clear signatures of the Kondo effect in the quench dynamics.
Entanglement Hamiltonian during a domain wall melting in the free Fermi chain
Authors: Rottoli Federico , Scopa Stefano , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the unitary time evolution of the entanglement Hamiltonian of a free Fermi lattice gas in one dimension initially prepared in a domain wall configuration. To this aim, we exploit the recent development of quantum fluctuating hydrodynamics. Our findings for the entanglement Hamiltonian are based on the effective field theory description of the domain wall melting and are expected to exactly describe the Euler scaling limit of the lattice gas. However, such field theoretical results can be recovered from high-precision numerical lattice calculations only when summing appropriately over all the hoppings up to distant sites.
Automatic detection of scintillation light splashes using conventional and deep learning methods
Authors: Jiang Y. , Bugby S.L. , Cosma G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Six methods for the automatic detection of scintillation light splashes in a portable gamma camera are compared. Each imaging frame might contain any number of light splashes (including none), and the location and size of each light splash must be identified. For real-time imaging, splashes must be identified and characterised quickly and with minimal processing overhead. The techniques are compared on their ability to accurately determine the number, position, and size of light splashes, and to reconstruct the deposited energy within each splash for a simulated data set with known ground-truths. The speed of each technique and the ease of implementation are also discussed.

For accuracy in blob (light splash) localisation, a Laplacian of Gaussian approach was found to provide the most accurate estimation. However, its performance greatly relies on the appropriate tuning of preprocessing parameters prior to image analysis and the number of blobs in each frame. Deep learning approaches (Faster-RCNNs) performed significantly better than traditional algorithms in terms of predicting the size of each light splash, did not require image preprocessing and were also more stable over a range of frame occupancies.

Moreover, the paper fine-tuned a VGG16 based Faster-RCNN model with the simulated data set for the scintillation light splash detection, called DeepSplashSpotter (DSS).
Voltammetric investigation on iron-(nickel-)sulfur surface under conditions for the emergence of life
Authors: Altair T , Galante D , Varela H 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Iron (II) sulfide minerals have gained attention in the last decades due to their relevance in hypotheses for the emergence of life on the early Earth around 4 billion years ago. In the submarine vent theory, it has been proposed that those minerals, especially mackinawite, had a key role in prebiotic processes. Those are estimated to be present in a natural electrochemical setting, analogous to a chemiosmotic one, formed in the interface between the early ocean and the interior of the alkaline hydrothermal systems, the early vent-ocean interface. To evaluate this and other hypotheses, voltammetric studies were performed to better understand the electrochemical behavior of minerals under conditions analogous to the vent-ocean interface. The preliminary results presented here indicate that, in the potential range estimated to exist in that interface, mackinawite can transition to other mineral phases and may posibly coexist with other minerals, resulting from its oxidation. This can create a local chemical diversity. In addition, it has been tested a protocol for Ni incorporation in mackinawite structure, resulting in a surface that showed an interesting behavior in the presence of CO2, although definitive experiments showed necessary for a deeper comprehension of that behavior. Overall, the results are consistent with previous results on electrocatalytical properties of Fe-Ni-S materials for CO2 reduction, and also could lead to the emergence of a protometabolism on early Earth.
Lasso-adjusted treatment effect estimation under covariate-adaptive randomization
Authors: Liu Hanzhong , Tu Fuyi , Ma Wei 
Published: June 2022

SummaryWe consider the problem of estimating and inferring treatment effects in randomized experiments. In practice, stratified randomization, or more generally, covariate-adaptive randomization, is routinely used in the design stage to balance treatment allocations with respect to a few variables that are most relevant to the outcomes. Then, regression is performed in the analysis stage to adjust the remaining imbalances to yield more efficient treatment effect estimators. Building upon and unifying recent results obtained for ordinary-least-squares adjusted estimators under covariate-adaptive randomization, this paper presents a general theory of regression adjustment that allows for model mis-specification and the presence of a large number of baseline covariates. We exemplify the theory on two lasso-adjusted treatment effect estimators, both of which are optimal in their respective classes. In addition, nonparametric consistent variance estimators are proposed to facilitate valid inferences, which work irrespective of the specific randomization methods used. The robustness and improved efficiency of the proposed estimators are demonstrated through numerical studies.
Intergenerational transmission of parental smoking: when are offspring most vulnerable?
Authors: Alves J , Perelman J , Ramos E , Kunst A E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous literature has showed that the likelihood of smoking is higher among offspring with smoking parents. The aim of this cohort study is to investigate during which smoking initiation stages and at what ages adolescents are more likely to be influenced by parental smoking.

Methods
This study used the EPITeen Cohort, which recruited 13-year-old adolescents born in 1990, enrolled at schools in Porto, Portugal. Participants (n = 996) were followed across four waves at 13, 17, 21 and 24 years old. We computed the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of the different smoking states (never smoking, experimenter, less than daily smoker, daily smoker and former smoker), and incidence transitions between these states (to smoking experimenter; to less than daily smoker, to daily smoker; to former smoker) as function of age, parental smoking status and their interaction.

Results
Compared with other participants, those with two smoking parents had an increased prevalence of experimentation at 13 years (OR for the interaction at 13 years compared with 24 years = 2.13 [1.50–3.01]) and daily smoking at all ages (OR for parental smoking =1.91 [1.52–2.40]). The latter increase is related to a significantly increased risk to transit from early smoking stages to daily smoking at all ages (OR for parental smoking = 1.83 [1.43–2.34]).

Conclusions
Parental smoking influences offspring’s daily smoking prevalence especially by increasing the risk to transit to daily smoking up to early adulthood. Prevention should focus on parents and parental influences especially among offspring who may transition to daily smokers.
Comparability of 24-hour composite and grab samples for detection of SARS-2-CoV RNA in wastewater
Authors: Kmush Brittany L , Monk David , Green Hyatt , Sachs† Darcy A , Zeng Teng , Larsen David A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Wastewater surveillance is a cost-effective way to monitor pathogen prevalence and transmission patterns in the entire community. Here, we compare 24-hour composite and grab samples collected during September 2020 from several municipalities in New York State to detect SARS-CoV-2. A total of 45 paired samples (90 total samples) from three counties and 14 wastewater treatment plants were available for analysis. The categorical comparison (SARS-CoV-2 genetic material detected and quantifiable, genetic material detected but below the limits of quantification, and genetic material not detected) between the grab and composite samples was quite strong, with 91.1% agreement (kappa P-value &lt; .001). The correlations among the quantifiable grab and composite samples were statistically significant yet modest for SARS2-CoV RNA (Pearson correlation = 0.44, P = .02), crAssphage cDNA (Pearson correlation = 0.36, P = .02), and crAssphage DNA (Pearson correlation = 0.46, P = .002). We found good comparison between grab and 24-hour composite samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Grab sampling is an efficient and cost-effective method to monitor for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the entire community.
Simultaneous inference of plate boundary stresses and mantle rheology using adjoints: large-scale 2-D models
Authors: Rudi Johann , Gurnis Michael , Stadler Georg 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARY
Plate motions are a primary surface constraint on plate and mantle dynamics and rheology, plate boundary stresses and the occurrence of great earthquakes. Within an optimization method, we use plate motion data to better constrain uncertain mantle parameters. For the optimization problem characterizing the maximum a posteriori rheological parameters we derive gradients using adjoints and expressions to approximate the posterior distributions for stresses within plate boundaries. We apply these methods to a 2-D cross section from the western to eastern Pacific, with temperature distributions and fault zone geometries developed primarily from seismic and plate motion data. We find that the best-fitting stress exponent, n, is about 2.8 and the yield stress about 100 MPa or less. The normal stress on the interplate fault zones is about 100 MPa and the shear stresses about 10 MPa or less.