bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunisian revolution and the demand of healthcare in psychiatry outward department
Authors: Regaya M. , Mohamed B. Ben , Zaafrane F. , Amamou B. , Gaha L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionTunisian revolution has been a major upheavel in the tunisian history and has brought many political, social and economic changes. Little were found about the revolution’s potential impact on the psychiatric demand.ObjectivesCompare the clinical profile of all the new consultants in the out ward psychiatry department before and after the revolution.MethodsThe study had a retrospective descriptive design including all the new consultants in the outpatient psychiatry department in the general hospital Fattouma Bourguiba in Monastir, Tunisia before (during 2007) and after (during 2016) the revolution. We used a pre-established questionnaire including sociodemographic and clinical data.ResultsAfter the revolution, an increase in the number of new patients (p<10-3) 438 to 451 were found. In 2016, there were more unemployed consultants(p=0.004), having criminal record (p=0.01) and having a problematic substance use (p<10-3). An increase also concerned patients consulting for anxiety(p=0.002) and suicidal ideation (p=0.022). Considering the clinical diagnosis, there were also a significant increase regarding anxiety disorders (p=0.001) and mood disorders (p=0.011) essentially major depressive disorder (p=0.002). Although a significant decrease concerned somatoform disorder (p<10-3).ConclusionsOur study showed a change in the profile of consultants after the Tunisian revolution. A study in the general population could find specific etiological factors. Thus highlight the importance of implementing preventive measures in general population in crisis’ times.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Quality of life’ evaluation for individuals with enduring mental illness transitioning from institutional residential care to supported community living arrangements
Authors: Usman M. , Spelman L. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHSE ‘Vision for Change, 2006’ placed emphasis on person-centred, recovery-oriented, community-integrated treatment. The high support residential hostel in Tuam ‘Toghermore House’ is not integrated into the community and was scheduled to be closed as a residence in the last quarter of 2019. The individuals whom accessed support from Toghermore House were offered residential places in community settings in the urban area of Tuam with support plans according to individual assessed needs.ObjectivesTo assess the quality of life of individuals accessing the Rehabilitation & Recovery Service and who are residing in supported and independent accommodation in Tuam.MethodsCross sectional study. Scales used were Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Scale (MANSA) including both objective and subjective components and the INSPIRE scale which gathered information about the support and relationship each individual has with their assigned keyworker. SPSS 24 was used for data analysis.Results27/32 responses. Mean age: 52 years, males: 78% and schizophrenia: most common primary diagnosis (52%), mean duration of illness: 28 years 3 months. 74% of individuals were satisfied with their life, 78% with their health and 56% with mental health. Only three individuals were employed and were happy with work and finances. 81.5% service users reported to have a good quality of life but only 59% felt in control of their lives.ConclusionsMajority of individuals reported having a good quality of life and being satisfied with their overall health and current living arrangements. Meaningful occupation and subjective supportive therapeutic relationships are predictors of enhanced quality of life.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Peer worker involvement in N. Macedonia: Reflections and lessons learned
Authors: Milutinović M. , Kalpak G. , Novotni L. , Bajraktarov S. , Novotni A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFor the first time in N. Macedonia we had the experience to include peer workers as an equal members in the newly formed community mental health teams. For the purpose of the RECOVER-e project we engaged 2 patients to be the new peer workers.ObjectivesTo evaluate the initial period of peer worker involvement in the community mental health teams and to identify the next steps for them.MethodsConducting interviews with the peer workers.ResultsOne important aspect that is worth mentioning is their motivation to continue their work in the community mental health teams and continue to improve. Another finding is their will to establish a user led organisation. A user led organisation in the field of mental health in our country is rare to be find, with only a couple of them functioning in N. Macedonia. So if our peer workers can make it, it would be a great step in the right direction.ConclusionsOverall, taking into consideration all that the peer workers have achieved in the last period, including the ups and downs of being the first official peer workers in N. Macedonia, they are looking forward to improve their knowledge and continue building their practical experience. A great plus of it all is that they have a financial stability for this troubled pandemic period.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Systematic review of racial and ethnic disparities pertaining treatment in mental healthcare amongst incarcerated patients
Authors: Quintão A. , Urzal M.D. , Donas-Boto I. , Lemos M.M. , Coelho F. , Simião H. , Moura N. , Vian J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionResearch has shown that ethnic/racial minorities have a higher risk of homelessness, involvement with the criminal system, psychiatric misdiagnosis, treatment delay, and being prescribed first (versus second) generation antipsychotics.ObjectivesTo investigate if the disparities found in the community are replicated in incarcerated patients.MethodsSystematic review on PubMed for articles that fulfilled criteria for 4 domains: prison, psychosis, race/ethnic, and treatment.ResultsForty-one articles matched the search criteria. Of those, 24 were irrelevant; 2 were inaccessible. Fifteen articles were considered; most highlighted the interplay between the criminal system, homelessness, mental disorders, and ethnic/racial minorities. Five articles highlighted differences in treatment. One stated that African-Americans and Asians were less likely than Whites to have access to mental health services. Concerning treatment for substance use disorders, one study found Hispanic inmates were more often engaged in treatment, followed by Caucasians and lastly, African-Americans; a different study reported the percentage of Whites and Blacks receiving treatment was similar, while Latinos were under-represented. Whites were most likely to have mental health counseling/substance use treatment as part of their sentence. A study from New-Zealand stated that treatment for mental disorders was less common for Maoris, in whom suicidal thoughts were often unrecognized. The last study reported a higher risk of self-harm for foreign patients, coupled with non-recognition/misinterpretation of symptoms.ConclusionsRacial/ethnic inequalities show that disparities in healthcare are pervasive in all settings. More studies are needed to better understand the complex nature of this problem.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Self reported experience of physical abuse in schools in Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu A. , Abiodun O. , Tunde-Ayinmode M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPhysical abuse of children in schools is common in Nigeria, but its prevalence and forms are yet to be clearly studied.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and pattern of physical abuse of children in Secondary Schools in Ilorin NigeriaMethodsCross sectional survey of secondary school students aged 11-18 years in Ilorin Nigeria using multistage random sampling technique with proportional allocation was done. Respondents completed the ICAST-CI questionnaire which covers child abuse in educational institutions. Prevalence and pattern of child abuse was computed.ResultsTable 1: Pattern of physical abuse in School in the last 12 monthsForm of abuseFrequencyPercentagePhysical Abuse* (n=1,554)Caused you pain151497.4Stay in cold/heat128582.7Hit you with fist71646.1Kneel in a way that hurts68644.1Slap on head as punishment66342.7Twist ear as punishment63540.9Kicked you47630.6Slap on your arm44828.8Throws object at you34722.3Crushed your finger as punishment23114.9Choked you22414.4Pulled your hair as punishment1167.5Starvation as punishment674.3Forced to do dangerous acts644.1Soap or pepper in mouth483.1Cut you with sharp object101.0Burnt as punishment--Put into hot or cold water--Tied with rope or belt--ConclusionsPhysical abuse of children is extremly commonplace in public secondary schools in Nigeria. it is neccessary to explore other ways of dealing with children in educational institutions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Violence exposure among children in Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu A. , Abiodun O. , Tunde-Ayinmode M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is a paucity of information on the exposure of children to violence in Nigeria. The current study aims, as part of a larger study, to explore the experiece of children to violence in their homes in Nigeria.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and pattern of violence exposure of children in Ilorin Nigeria.MethodsCross sectional survey of 1,554 secondary school students aged 11-18 years in Ilorin Nigeria using multistage random sampling technique with proportional allocation was done. Respondents completed the ICAST-CH questionnaire which covers childrens’ exposue to violence. Prevalence of violence exposure was computed.Results63.4% (994/1554) of respondesnts had witnessed violence at home. Table 1: Pattern of violence exposure at home in the last 12 months Form Frequency Percentage*Violence Exposure* (n=994)Something stolen from home53253.5Adults shouted in a frightening way39239.4Witnessed adults in home hit, kick, slap37838.0Seen people being shot, bombs, rioting21021.1Adults used alcohol then frightened828.2Someone close got killed near home565.6Witnessed adults in home use weapons101.0ConclusionsA good number of children in Nigeria might be exposed to violence. There is thus a need for initiative to strengthen family life and control the exposure of children to violence given its potential to cause long standing mental health problems in victims.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prevalence and pattern of emotional abuse of children in their homes; self reported experience of children in Ilorin Nigeria
Authors: Oladosu A. , Abiodun O. , Tunde-Ayinmode M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe prevalence and pattern of emotional abuse of children in Nigeria is poorly understood. Data from other parts of the world indicate it is commoplace and has enduring negative mental health impact. The current study aims to understand the phenomenon the more.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and pattern of emotional abuse of children in their homes in NigeriaMethodsCross sectional survey of 1, 5444 secondary school students aged 11-18 years in Ilorin Nigeria using multistage random sampling technique with proportional allocation was done. Respondents completed the ICAST-CH questionnaire which covers child abuse in its several forms including emotional abuse. Prevalence of emotional abuse was computed.ResultsAll respondents (100%) had experienced emotional abuse at home in the last one year Table 1: Prevalnce annd pattern of emotional abuse at home among children in Ilorin NigeriaEmotional Abuse* (n=1554)FrequencyPercentageThreatened to hurt or kill you or threatened with evil spirits1554100Screamed at152898.3Bullied by another child at home121878.4Insulted112272.2Made you feel embarrassed57436.9Wished you were dead22414.4Locked out of home19612.6Threatened to abandon you956.1ConclusionsEmotional abuse of children at home is common place in Ilorin Nigeria. It would seem important to educate parents on what emotional abuse is and its potential impact in children.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Not guilty by reason of insanity and dangerousness: A demographic, clinical and forensics description of the patients in the forensic inpatinent service of Coimbra
Authors: Coroa M. , Pereira D. , Santos V. , Macedo A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDespite being essential for the service quality improvement, empirical research on the characteristics of people hospitalized in forensic psychiatry units and the psychopharmacological treatment instituted in this care context is scarce in Portugal.ObjectivesTo describe the sociodemographic, clinical and criminological characteristics of the patients admitted to a forensic psychiatric unit in Portugal, as well as, the psychiatric drugs prescription pattern in this care context.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out, through the data analysis of patients admitted to the Sobral Cid Forensic Psychiatry unit of the Coimbra Hospital and University over the past 12 years.ResultsThe sample had 194 inpatients, 153(78.9%) male and 41(21.1%) females. The mean age was 43.3 years and 74.7% had no professional, school or occupational activity. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were psychotic disorders (56.7%) and neurodevelopmental disorders(33.5%). 24.2% had at least two psychiatric diagnoses and 38.7% had concomitant medical conditions. 77.8% had history of psychiatric hospitalizations and 21.6% had history of self-injurious behaviors. 37.1% of the sample had a criminal record. Crimes against people were the most frequent. The use of injectable antipsychotic formulations was frequent and 18.6% of the patients were medicated with Clozapine. The prescribed daily doses were above the defined daily dose. Psychotic disorders and addictive disorders were less frequent in women. Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of homicide between females(41.5%) and males(22.2%).ConclusionsTailored solutions are crucial to accomplish the purpose of security measures, mostly by addressing the identified needs and rethinking the approach on this specific context.DisclosureNo significant relationships.KeywordForensic Psychiatry Units
Traumatic brain injury in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Regala J. , Ferreira P. , Vieira F. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionAssessment of neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) brings about challenges in the forensic setting, comprising analysis of neurobiological variables, preinjury variables (personality/psychiatric disturbances), postinjury psychosocial, allowing the expert witness to provide clear and appropriate explanations, so the court can decide with justice, particularly in civil law cases.ObjectivesDiscuss the main clinical and neuroimagiologic aspects to consider in civil litigation of TBI cases.MethodsComprehensive literature review.ResultsAlthough accurate predictions are difficult, some generalizations can be made. Recovery from hypoxic and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) takes longer and is less complete than focal contusions. Posttraumatic amnesia is the main predictor of long-term cognitive outcome. In moderate/severe TBI (m/sTBI) occurs chronic lesion expansion (axonal degeneration) and brain atrophy. DAI topography determinates the cognitive disfunction pattern yet underestimated in conventional neuroimaging. Diffusion-Tension-Imaging (DTI) may be valuable to outcome predictions in m/sTBI: structural disconnection within the Default Mode and the Salience Networks are linked to attention and executive impairments; hippocampus and fornix damage correlates with memory/learning impairments. Conversely, DTI findings can be misleading in mild TBI (mTBI), and case-by-case analysis seldomly prove its scientific validity.ConclusionsTo elaborate formulations within reasonable medical certainty, outcome predictions should not be made until at least six months following the TBI, considering that most mTBI symptoms resolve in few months, and up to 1-½ years, when m/sTBI neuropathologic changes stabilize. The neurobiological underpinnings are fundamental for causality formulations, however atypical outcomes in mTBI are frequently predicated upon non–brain-injury psychiatric conditions and psychosocial factors.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Simulation of huntington’s disease in forensic psychiatry: Case report
Authors: Leite R. Almeida , Costa A. , Santos T. , Colón M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHuntington Disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant, neurodegenerative disorder, with a progressive course, that typically involves a triad of cognitive, motor and psychiatric disorders. Its pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood, although a faultily encoded version of the protein huntingtin—resulting from a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide expansion in the HTT gene—has been shown to cause intracellular toxicity in neural tissue. Patients usually presents with prodromic psychiatric perturbances, such as depression, delusions or personality changes. Occasionally HD gives rise to criminal behavior.ObjectivesTo understand HD clinical presentation and underlines the differencial diagnosis. We present a case of a 31-year-old male offender, whose mother was diagnosed with HD, and during his forensic-psychiatric evaluation, HD was considered, but not confirmed.MethodsCase report.ResultsA 31-year-old male offender was under a forensic-psychiatric evaluation due to a crime of domestic violence, after he discovers that his wife had an affair. He reports previous personality changes and depression, and compares himself with his mother, stating she was diagnosed with HD due to psychiatric prodromic disturbances. He shows concern about having a disease, and was waiting for genetic test result. After a clinical evaluation, and despite a family history of HD and genetic suspicion, it was important to consider differential diagnosis. The case refers to a passionate crime, which attempted to simulate a HD, considering his genetic background.ConclusionsPsychometrically identifiable features in HD appear to be important in the context of analyzing circumstances occasioning criminal acts, but the medical history is the most important part of the examination.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Toxic accumulation of copper and neuropsychiatric symptoms due to a familial tunisian compound heterozygous ATP7B missense mutation
Authors: Abdelmoula N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the P-type copper ATPase, ATP7B (ATPase copper-transporting beta), which transports copper out of cells. It is characterized by toxic accumulation of copper primarily in the liver and brain, leading to liver disorders and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms.ObjectivesHere, we report a Tunisian pedigree associated to familial ATP7B gene mutation.MethodsMedical genetic investigations, and molecular screening of ATP7B gene mutations were performed to a Tunisian three-generation pedigree with eight members having neuropsychiatric symptoms. Molecular genetic testing of the ATP7B 21 exons was carried out by direct sequencing.ResultsA compound heterozygote mutational status of ATP7B with 2 substitutions: p.H1069Q and p.D642H was found. The family originated from the city of Sfax (Tunisia) showed a pronounced amount of consanguinity and eight members affected by WD. All cases derived from consanguineous couples and harbored psychiatric disorders associated or not to neurologic symptoms. Diagnosis of WD was piloted first through the cases harbouring intention tremor in the upper limbs and ataxia associated with psychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsThe first missense mutation p.H1069Q - c.3207C>A (CAC-CAA) (exon 14) is the most commonest mutation in WD associated with late onset neurological conditions in Europe (Natural variantiVAR_000758 dbSNP:rs76151636). The second missense mutation in exon 6 : p.D642H - c.1924G>C (GAC-CAC) (Natural variantiVAR_000713 dbSNP:rs72552285) affects the domain affinity to copper or the folding structure in the cytoplasmic region and decreases the stability, leading to abnormal localization of the protein within cytoplasm and an impairment of protein function.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of the environment and parental education on the emotional state of adolescents
Authors: Kamberi B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIts basic object of study is the understanding of the individual and the group, Scientific direction in the study of behavior is an important feature of psychiatry.ObjectivesAdolescence is a stage of physical and mental development of human, usually listed between the stage of childhood and legal maturity. in the middle aged 13 and 18 years the sexual way begins.MethodsEducation is the primary category of pedagogical theory, which includes the concepts of education and teaching. Physical education is a subject taught in school to train students physically, to enable them to work and to defend themselves. The totality of spiritual, mental and physical qualities or qualities of family and society and learning and working.ResultsBy taking preventive measures to close educational institutions against the spread of the covid virus 19, it has affected the education system of students, teachers and parents because it has been physically disconnected from learning and has gone virtually ONLINE, where it has been a form of home isolation.ConclusionsParenting is a constant concern for our entire society today, for child and adolescent psychiatry specialists and education experts, especially for all young parents.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Glutathione as a powerful antioxidant in oxidative stress in the brain tissue of rats caused by the pathophysiological action of copper
Authors: Mirkovic J. Jovanovic , Jurinjak Z. , Kocic G. , Medojevic N. , Alexopoulos C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionDue to increased human activity, the amount of copper in air, soil and water has increased. Copper, at minimum concentrations, is essential for the normal functioning of the organism (cellular respiration, hemoglobin formation, growth and reproduction). At higher concentrations, copper is deposited in the liver, brain tissue, and bone marrow.ObjectivesTo investigate the protective role of the supplement, glutathione (GSH), the S-donor ligand, in conditions of chronic copper intoxication via the parameters of oxidative stress, ie. Alkaline and acidic DNase values in brain tissue in albino rats of Wistar strain.MethodsThe model system for testing the effects of copper exposure and the protective effect of GSH was a study on female albino rats of Wistar strain, stored in the vivarium of the Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Niš, Serbia. Endonucleases, alkaline and acidic DNase activities were determined spectrophotometrically from homogenates of brain tissue.ResultsCopper is believed to be a likely cause of oxidative damage to the DNA molecule, as manifested by increased alkaline and acidic DNase activity. The results of this study show that GSH is a potent chelator that binds copper and enables its elimination from the body.ConclusionsIn this experiment, the beneficial role of GSH supplements, which has an antioxidant character, in the prevention and reduction of the adverse effects of chronic copper intoxication was demonstrated. In this way, GSH acts as a powerful protector and antioxidant.DisclosureNo significant relationships.