bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on aluminum phosphide poisoning in rats
Authors: Parvizrad Ramin , Marghamlki Elahe Ghorbani , Nikfar Somayeh , Dermani Sara Khalili 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Aluminum phosphide (ALP) poisoning is one of the deadliest types of poisoning in the world. The antioxidant properties of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine and their effects on reducing cell death have been identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine and melatonin in the treatment of aluminum phosphide poisoning in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g were tested in five groups of ten. The first group was the control group; the second group received (10 mg/kg) of ALP, the third group received (10 mg/kg) of ALP and (10 mg/kg) of melatonin, the fourth group received (10 mg/kg) of ALP and (10 mg/kg) of N-acetylcysteine, and the last group received (10 mg/kg) of ALP and (10 mg/kg) of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine. The plasma of samples was isolated, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase (GST), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) was analyzed.

Results:
The concentrations of CAT, GST, Glutathione, GSH were decreased in plasma, liver, and kidneys of mice treated with aluminum phosphide; also, the concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT, and AlK were increased (P < 0.05), while the activity of SOD did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Treatment with N-acetylcysteine and melatonin led to an increase in the activity of CAT, GST, and GSH in plasma, liver, and kidney. After the administration of N-acetylcysteine and melatonin to mice, the levels of all enzymes were close to normal, and the mice survived for 12–15 hours after administration.

Discussion:
The administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/kg improves hepatic manifestations and prevents liver necrosis; also, they are considered potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of this poisoning.
A review on cultural competency in medical education
Authors: Rukadikar Charushila , Mali Snehalata , Bajpai Ritu , Rukadikar Atul , Singh Amit K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultural competency is a wide notion with a variety of academic bases and differing perspectives on how it should be implemented. While it is widely acknowledged that cultural competency should be an element of general practise, there is a paucity of literature in this area. It has been commonly claimed that cultural competency is a fundamental prerequisite for working well with persons from different cultural backgrounds. Medical students must learn how to connect successfully with patients from all walks of life, regardless of culture, gender, or financial background. Hence, National Medical Council (NMC) has included cultural competence as a course subject in the curriculum of medical education. The opportunities and concept of Competency Based Medical Education, the inclusion of cultural competency in medical course by NMC, various models and practice skill of cultural competence in medical education are discussed in this paper. This study will be useful to researchers who are looking at cultural competency as a research variable that influences study result.
Methotrexate induced pneumonitis – A case report and review of literature
Authors: V Vinay , Munjal Sushil K. , Verma Paras , Jain Sandeep , B Ompradeep Yadav , Sharma Amit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the commonly preferred drug in the treatment of various chronic inflammatory conditions. An uncommon, life-threatening, and fatal event associated with methotrexate use is methotrexate-induced pneumonitis (M-pneu). M-pneu does not correlate with the dosage, duration, or method of administration. We present a case of M-pneu in a diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patient after six years of initiation of MTX. Prompt recognition, withdrawal, and supportive therapy have a positive outcome. If untreated, M-pneu has a proven fatality of 17–30% in published cases.
Infant care practices among mothers attending well-baby clinics at primary health care centers in Unaizah city
Authors: Alobaysi Hoor M. , Jahan Saulat 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Infant care, crucial for the well-being of infants, is an inherent human practice. Although there are important implications of infant care practices on infant health, there is a dearth of comprehensive studies covering all important aspects of infant care in an individual study.

Objectives:
To determine practices regarding infant feeding, infant sleep, use of pacifiers, and immunization, and to explore the association of these practices with mother’s demographic data.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administrated questionnaire distributed among mothers attending well-baby clinics in Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs), Unaizah city, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. By using the two-stage cluster sampling method, 50 women participated from each of the four selected PHCCs, leading to a total of 200 participants. The survey was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results:
A total of 124 (62%) respondents were between the ages of 26 and 35 years, 64% had a bachelor’s degree, and 69.5% were housewives. Breastfeeding was practiced by 88% of women, 48% began infant weaning at 6 months of age, and 49% put their infant to sleep on their back. Up-to-date vaccination was reported for 188 (94%) infants. Infant pacifier use was reported by 58% of the respondents, and 82.5% of the participants had been offered formula milk for the newborn at the hospital. Vaginal delivery, absence of complications during pregnancy or labor, presence of a housemaid, and family income of more than 10,000 Saudi Riyals were significantly associated with better infant care practices.

Conclusion:
The study participants have good practices for certain infant care aspects such as immunization; however, improvement is needed for other practices, including weaning at the proper age, infant sleep position, and the use of pacifiers. Administrative measures are required to monitor the use of formula milk at hospitals and to enhance health education for mothers.
Social and health concerns of elderly women in rural area in Tirupur District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Devi B. Narmatha , Megala M , Saravanakumar P. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Population ageing is a major challenging demographic transition with socioeconomic and health issues. Women constitute 55% of all older persons facing a lot of ill-health, social deprivation, etc., Globally various studies have reported the health issues in men and women as a whole. This study is done to explore out the social and health concerns particularly in elderly women in rural setting in Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dharapuram Block, Tiruppur District by Multistage Random sampling during November 2019–February 2020. About 250 elderly women were interviewed for sociodemographic details, co-morbidities, quality of life (QOL), and health seeking behavior. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were used for analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Mean age of the participants was 65.59 ± 5.92. Only 27.6% were literate. 158 (63.2%) were widow, 43.2% living alone and 65% have more than 2 comorbidities. Majority had vision problem, hearing problem, and hypertension. About 61.2% consumed tobacco and 48% had sleep disturbances. In QOL, overall mean score was poor. Factors like illiteracy, poverty, poor awareness on health services, social factors like loneliness had negative impact on QOL.

Conclusions:
There is a high prevalence of social and health issues in the elderly women associated with poor QOL. Determinants like poverty, loneliness, poor awareness on health services have to be addressed at the level of primary healthcare to improve their QOL and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases.
Haematology audit of 801 COVID-19 patients’ basics and beyond- Prospective observational study
Authors: Juneja Richa , Gadkari Rasika , Meshram Nisha , Selvaraj Kalaiselvi 
Published: September 2022

Background and Objective:
COVID-19 has become a major health concern since 2020. Its clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic cases to cases with respiratory failure needing ICU management. It has created a huge burden on limited health care resources. We need better understanding of the pathogenesis and interplay between virus and other factors which decide outcome. We seek biomarkers to predict severe illness to offer better triaging of patients to provide hospital-based care to the patients at risk of severe illness.

Material and Methods:
We took 801 consecutive RT-PCR-positive COVID cases coming to our center. Their hematological work-up, such as complete blood count, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count, and G6PD activity, was tested. The pattern of hematological abnormalities was assessed across disease severity groups to identify predictors of severe illness from basic investigation. Also, the interplay between iron deficiency and possible hemoglobinopathy trait and COVID was explored.

Results, Discussion, and Conclusion:
We found old age, male gender, diabetes, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, and eosinopenia at presentation to be associated with moderate to severe illness and may help in triaging with other inflammatory and radiological parameters. We found thrombocytosis rather than thrombocytopenia as a predictor of severe illness. Our preliminary findings suggest the need to explore the protective role of hemoglobinopathy traits and iron deficiency against severe COVID illness.
Assessment of exposure risk among healthcare workers exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 working in non-COVID zones of a teaching hospital in Northeast India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Das Rituparna , Sengupta Bitan , Goswami Bidhan , Mog Chanda 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring the COVID-19 disease, if there is a breach in the personal protection while managing patients.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the pattern of risk exposure among healthcare workers exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 working in non-COVID zones of a Teaching Hospital, North-East India. 2. To determine the association between pattern of exposure with their COVID-19 status.

Materials and Method:
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among all HCWs who had occupational exposure to laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases between July and September 2020 in-non COVID zones of a major tertiary care hospital in Tripura.

Results:
The present study showed that 215 HCWs were exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 while working in non-COVID zones of the hospital. Among the exposed, 39.5% of HCWs had high-risk exposure and 8.8% of HCWs were detected as COVID-19 positive. A majority of the study subjects experienced exposure in the hospital wards (66.0%), in surgical departments (19.5%), had close contact (less than one meter distance) with positive COVID-19 cases (73.5%), and had an exposure of more than 15 minutes (51.2%). The COVID status of the exposed HCWs was significantly associated with no source control (P = 0.016), close contact with COVID-19 positive cases (P = 0.026), more duration of exposure (P < 0.05), use of any PPE (P = 0.000). COVID status was also significantly associated with the high-risk exposure of the participants (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Strict enforcement of the infection control measures like universal precautions should be practiced by HCWs to prevent hospital-acquired infections.
Gender inequalities in prevalence, pattern and predictors of multimorbidity among geriatric population in rural West Bengal
Authors: Sembiah Sembagamuthu , Dasgupta Aparajita , Taklikar Chandrashekhar S. , Paul Bobby , Bandyopadhyay Lina , Burman Jayeeta , Pawar Neeraj , N Subbakrishna 
Published: September 2022

Context:
Multimorbidity is considered as a priority for global health research. It is defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic health conditions in an individual. It is increasingly being recognized as a major concern for primary care physicians due to its huge impact on individual, family, and societal level.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to find the quantum of gender-related inequalities and determinants of multimorbidity among the elderly people in a rural part of West Bengal.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 246 elderly people (60 years and above) in a community setting from Oct 2017 to Sep 2018. Logistic regression analysis was done to find out the predictors of multimorbidity. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.).

Results:
Approximately 82% of the study subjects were suffering from multi-morbidity with a significant difference between males (80.9%) and females (88.5%). In binary logistics, people of both the genders aged >70 years, who had less than primary level education, had more than three children, whose source of income was from their children (sons/daughters), were dependent on others for daily routine were at high risk of being multimorbid; whereas depression was a significant predictor of multimorbidity in females and not in males. In multivariable analysis, age remained the only significant predictor for both the gender and for females; depression remained significant after adjusting with significant variables in binary logistics.

Conclusion:
Morbidity screening at each visit, individual as well as family counseling and lifestyle modifications help to cope with the rising burden of multimorbidity at the primary care level. More insight into the epidemiology of multi-morbidity is necessary to take steps to prevent it, lower its burden and align health-care services as per needs.
A review of the neurological complications of breast cancer
Authors: Hekmatnia Yasaman , Movahednia Nima , Hajhamidiasl Negin , Hekmat Elnaz , Hekmat Aida , Khademi Sara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conducting broad assessments of the main burden of breast cancer is the core factor for improving overdiagnosis and overtreatment of breast cancer patients as well as their survival rates. Breast cancer patients may experience neurological complications that cause devastating effects on them. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and neuropathic pain are two of the most reported complications. Objective: This study aims to review the neurological complications of breast cancer and the ways to control and treat them. Comprehensive searches were carried out about the keywords of Breast Cancer, Neurological Complications, and Breast Cancer Consequences. These keywords were searched through the most well-known databases of MEDLINE, PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Best Evidence, CancerLit, HealthSTAR, and LegalTrac. In this regard, 83 articles were chosen to be included in this study from 2010 to 2021. The identification and treatment process of neurologic syndromes are not easy. The main neurologic syndromes which the breast cancer patients face are opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS), encephalitis, sensorimotor neuropathy, retinopathy, cerebellar degeneration, and stiff-person’s syndrome. CIPN and neuropathic pain are among the most prevalent side effects which are categorized as neurological complications and mainly seen 1 year after the management of breast cancer. Aiming to minimize the burden following the treatment of breast cancer, these complications should be diagnosed and treated accurately.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Pertaining to COVID-19 among Pregnant Women
Authors: Nayak Pallabi , Rath Abhipsa , Mitra Subarna , Begum Jasmina 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Since its emergence in 2019, COVID-19 has affected all groups of people across several countries. Updated information about the disease and its application is the key to halt the spread of infection. Although there have been widespread awareness campaigns on COVID-19, the level of awareness among vulnerable groups such as pregnant women needs to be evaluated.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward COVID-19 among pregnant women and its association with various demographic variables.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between July 1, 2020, and September 30, 2020. Assessment was done using a self-designed questionnaire. Participants scoring more than 50% marks in each section were considered to have adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

Results:
The total number of pregnant women included was 244. About 59% of women had adequate knowledge about COVID transmission and protective measures. All women had a positive attitude toward preventive measures taken by the government. About 98% of women agreed that all preventive measures taken by the government were beneficial. Almost all (98%) women had good practice of safety measures such as social distancing, wearing masks, and frequent handwashing. However, no association was observed between demographic variables and level of knowledge, attitude, or practice.

Conclusion:
The study showed adequate knowledge and good practice by most pregnant women irrespective of their level of education and socioeconomic status. Targeted health education to pregnant women can further ensure safe practices during pregnancy.
State, Law, and Adivasi:Shifting Terrains of Exclusion
Authors: Linkenbach Antje , Verma Vidhu 
Published: September 2022

This volume presents an overview of the relationship between the state, law, and Adivasis that have experienced a profound political shift due to privatization of natural resources. It discusses the role of the corporates and its impact on livelihoods of the Adivasis in India. For the Indian state, a significant challenge is to establish a new normative framework for indigenous autonomy based on the values of equality and sustainability. This calls for recognition of the right to self-determination and exercise of collective rights of the Adivasis. The chapters in this volume examine: •	‘Exclusion’ as a useful framework for analyzing the various axes of inequality that affect the Adivasi communities •	How state, development, and Adivasi politics play out in entangled ways in the social, political and legal domains The interplay of and the deep tension between the promise of legal protection and the realities of inadequate implementation.
Les enfants en guerre dans la presse française de 1914-1918
Authors: TROVATO Loredana 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article aims to address the forms and mechanisms of the representation of the child in the French press of World War I, based on its various linguisticodiscursive and iconic evocations. As an object of semio-verbal discourse, the child plays a leading role, as it is used as a tool of nationalist propaganda supporting the French commitment against the German invader. His ethos is in fact exploited as a sort of rhetorical and pathemic argument, aimed at making the reader adhere to a certain image of war and the French soldier, while at the same time arousing pathos. In addition, we will consider the function of play and school, as motors and vectors of patriotic ideology, in order to sketch a rather exhaustive picture of this problem and try to offer a modest contribution to the exegesis of this rather complex period of world history.
Résumé
Cet article vise à aborder les formes et les mécanismes de la figuration de l’enfant dans la presse française de la Première guerre mondiale, à partir de ses diverses évocations linguistico-discursives et iconiques. En tant qu’objet du discours sémio-verbal, l’enfant joue un rôle de premier plan, car il est utilisé comme un outil de la propagande nationaliste soutenant l’engagement français contre l’envahisseur allemand. Son éthos est en effet exploité comme une sorte de figure de l’argumentation rhétorique et pathémique, finalisée à faire adhérer le lecteur à une certaine image de la guerre et du soldat français, tout en suscitant le pathos. Nous envisagerons en outre la fonction du jeu et de l’école, en tant que moteurs et vecteurs de l’idéologie patriotique, afin d’esquisser un tableau assez exhaustif de cette problématique et essayer d’offrir une modeste contribution à l’exégèse de cette période assez complexe de l’histoire mondiale.
Los niños de la Guerra Civil Española : Franquismo, evacuación y emigración forzosa
Authors: BENDIMERAD Nacira 
Published: September 2022

Résumé
La Guerre civile espagnole a fait plusieurs types de victimes, entre autres, des enfants innocents qui goutèrent la saveur amère de la séparation avec leurs parents. Evacuation et émigration furent deux formes sous lesquelles ces enfants sortirent d’une Espagne détruite et agonisante. Le voyage de ces exilés et l’accueil des pays récepteurs s’effectuèrent selon un programme préparé pour eux, afin de leur faire oublier l’enfer duquel ils avaient échappés.
Resumen
La Guerra civil española tuvo varios tipos de víctimas; entre éstas, niños inocentes que probaron el sabor amargo de la separación con sus padres. Evacuación y emigración fueron dos formas con que estos niños salieron de una España rota y agonizante. El viaje y la acogida de los países receptores se efectuaron según un programa preparado para ellos, a fin de hacerles olvidar el infierno del cual habían escapado.
Discours d’altérité et d’identité dans la littérature maghrébine Conflits identitaires et mondialisation
Authors: BEZZOUH Djedjigua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article treats the identity problem in the Maghreb and his relation to globalization and the way it is manifested in Maghreb literature, produced by men and women. The three concepts : identity, otherness and globalization as complex as they are, combine perfectly with the Maghreb, a space of cultural diversity. which is strongly represented in the Maghreb literature.
Résumé
Cet article traite la problématique identitaire au Maghreb en relation des tenants de la mondialisation, et la manière dont elle se manifeste dans la littérature maghrébine, produite aussi bien par des hommes que des femmes. Les trois concepts identité, altérité et mondialisation aussi complexes soient-ils, se conjuguent parfaitement avec le Maghreb, espace de diversité et métissage culturels et identitaires, éléments fortement représentés dans ladite littérature.