bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on CRISPR-mediated Epigenome Editing: A Future Directive
for Therapeutic Management of Cancer
Authors: Ghosh Dipanjan , Chakravarti Rudra , Lenka Swadhin Kumar , Gautam Anupam , Singh Rajveer , Ravichandiran Velayutham , Roy Syamal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Recent studies have shed light on the role of epigenetic marks in certain diseases like
cancer, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular dysfunction, to name a few.
Epigenetic marks like DNA methylation and histone acetylation are randomly altered in the disease
state. It has been seen that methylation of DNA and histones can result in down-regulation of gene
expression, whereas histone acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation are linked to enhanced
expression of genes. How can we precisely target such epigenetic aberrations to prevent the
advent of diseases? The answer lies in the amalgamation of the efficient genome editing technique,
CRISPR, with certain effector molecules that can alter the status of epigenetic marks as well as employ
certain transcriptional activators or repressors. In this review, we have discussed the rationale
of epigenetic editing as a therapeutic strategy and how CRISPR-Cas9 technology coupled with epigenetic
effector tags can efficiently edit epigenetic targets. In the later part, we have discussed how
certain epigenetic effectors are tagged with dCas9 to elicit epigenetic changes in cancer. Increased
interest in exploring the epigenetic background of cancer and non-communicable diseases like type
II diabetes mellitus and obesity accompanied with technological breakthroughs has made it possible
to perform large-scale epigenome studies.
Lipid-based Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drugs:
A Review
Authors: Moghaddam Mehrdad Moosazadeh , Khodaverdi Hamed , Zeini Maryam Shokrian , Vazifedust Soheil , Akbariqomi Mostafa , Tebyaniyan Hamid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Although chemotherapeutic
agents have been effectively designed to increase the survival rates of some patients, the designed chemotherapeutic
agents necessarily deliver toxic chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy tissues, resulting in
serious side effects. Cancer cells can often acquire drug resistance after repeatedly administering current
chemotherapeutic agents, restricting their efficacy. Given such obstacles, investigators have attempted
to distribute chemotherapeutic agents using targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs), especially
nanotechnology-based DDSs. The lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are a large and complex class of
substances utilized to manage various diseases, especially cancers. Liposomes seem to be the most frequently
employed LBNPs, owing to their high biocompatibility, bioactivity, stability, and flexibility.
Solid lipid NPs and non-structured lipid carriers have lately received a lot of interest. In addition, several
reports focused on novel therapies via LBNPs to manage various forms of cancer. In the present
research, the latest improvements in applying LBNPs have been shown to deliver different therapeutic
agents to cancerous cells and be a quite successful candidate in cancer therapy.
Emerging Prospects for the Study of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells using
Patient-derived Organoids
Authors: Ding Ling , Yang Yuning , Lu Qin , Cao Zhiyun , Weygant Nathaniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Human colorectal cancer (CRC) patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are a powerful ex
vivo platform to directly assess the impact of molecular alterations and therapies on tumor cell proliferation,
differentiation, response to chemotherapy, tumor-microenvironment interactions, and
other facets of CRC biology. Next-generation sequencing studies have demonstrated that CRC is a
highly heterogeneous disease with multiple distinct subtypes. PDOs are a promising new tool to
study CRC due to their ability to accurately recapitulate their source tumor and thus reproduce this
heterogeneity. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art for CRC PDOs in the study of cancer
stem cells (CSCs) and the cancer stem cell niche. Areas of focus include the relevance of PDOs to
understanding CSC-related paracrine signaling, identifying interactions between CSCs and the tumor
microenvironment, and modeling CSC-driven resistance to chemotherapies and targeted therapies.
Finally, we summarize current findings regarding the identification and verification of CSC
targets using PDOs and their potential use in personalized medicine.
Pharmacy and Exercise as Complimentary Partners for Successful Cardiovascular
Ageing
Authors: Howlett Luke A. , Jones Sandra A. , Lancaster Matthew K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Diseases of the cardiovascular system have been the biggest cause of mortality for the
majority of the last century, currently contributing to almost a third of deaths every year globally.
Ageing associates with changes to the structure and function of the heart and vascular system that
progressively increase the incidence of abnormalities, morbidity, and cardiovascular disease. The
burden of ageing and its relationship to cardiovascular disease risk highlights the need for more research
into the underlying mechanisms involved and how they may be treated and/or prevented.
Factors influencing adrenergic dysfunction may explain a significant part of the age-related deterioration
in health and responsiveness of the cardiovascular system. Increased sympathetic activity in
old age overstimulates adrenergic receptors and causes detrimental changes within the associated
signalling mechanisms, including a reduction in receptor number and downstream effector efficiency.
Pharmacological agents, such as metformin, resveratrol, beta-blockers, and angiotensin converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, have been identified as potential anti-ageing therapies with cardiovascular
effects, which may be beneficial in treating the decline in cardiovascular function with old
age. Regular exercise has also shown promise in the prevention and treatment of harmful age-related
effects on the cardiovascular system. This review will investigate age-associated vascular and
cardiac remodelling, and the link between adrenergic dysfunction and vascular and cardiac control.
This review will also consider whether pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies are most
effective, or indeed complimentary to potentially optimised ageing of the cardiovascular system
and improved quality of life in the elderly.
Computational Approach to Combat COVID-19 Infection: Emerging
Tools for Accelerating Drug Research
Authors: Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Bhattamisra Subrat Kumar , Das Sarita , Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Kumar Manish , Singh Sunil 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The process of drug discovery and development is expensive, complex, timeconsuming,
and risky. There are different techniques involved in the process of drug development, including
random screening, computational approaches, molecular manipulation, and serendipitous research.
Among these methods, the computational approach is considered an efficient strategy to accelerate
and economize the drug discovery process.

Objective:
This approach is mainly applied in various phases of the drug discovery process, including
target identification, target validation, lead identification, and lead optimization. Due to the increase in
the availability of information regarding various biological targets of different disease states, computational
approaches such as molecular docking, de novo design, molecular similarity calculation, virtual
screening, pharmacophore-based modeling, and pharmacophore mapping have been applied extensively.

Methods:
Various drug molecules can be designed by applying computational tools to explore the
drug candidates for the treatment of Coronavirus infection. The World Health Organization announced
the coronavirus disease as COVID-19 and declared it a global pandemic on 11 February 2020. Therefore,
it is thought of interest to the scientific community to apply computational methods to design and
optimize the pharmacological properties of various clinically available and FDA-approved drugs such
as remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, oseltamivir, ritonavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine,
carfilzomib, baraticinib, prulifloxacin, etc., for effective treatment of COVID-19 infection.

Results:
Further, various survey reports suggest that extensive studies are carried out by various research
communities to find out the safety and efficacy profile of these drug candidates.

Conclusion:
This review is focused on the study of various aspects of these drugs related to their target
sites on the virus, binding interactions, physicochemical properties, etc.
2,3-Diaminomaleonitrile: A Multifaceted Synthon in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Chaudhary Ankita 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
2,3-Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN), a tetramer of hydrogen cyanide, displays weakly basic properties
and has reactivity comparable to o-phenylenediamine. It has emerged as a versatile, cheap as well as a readily
accessible building block towards the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds. The present review focuses
on the applications of 2,3-diaminomaleonitrile for the synthesis of Schiff’s base, imidazoles, pyrazines,
quinoxolines, benzodiazocines, 1,4-diazepines, purines, pyrimidines, pyrazine-tetrazole hybrids, triazoles, thiadiazole,
thiazolidines, porphyrazines, formamidines, 1,3,5-triazepines, pyrrolo[3,4-b][1,4]diazepin-6(3H)-ones,
triaza[22]annulenes, pyrrolo[3,4-f][1,3,5]triazepines, spiro compounds, pyrazoles and 2,3-dicyano-5,7-
bismethylthieno[3,4-b]pyrazine.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Donda Keyur T. , Torres Benjamin A. , Khashu Minesh , Maheshwari Akhil 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
The etiopathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains unclear, but increasing
information suggests that the risk and severity of NEC may be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms
in many genes. In this article, we have reviewed gene variations that have either been
specifically identified in NEC or have been noted in other inflammatory bowel disorders with similar
histopathological abnormalities. We present evidence from our own peer-reviewed laboratory
studies and data from an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
To avoid bias in the identification of existing studies, search keywords were short-listed both
from our own studies and from PubMed’s Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus.
Procalcitonin as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with COVID-19 in
Southwestern Iran
Authors: Abadi Milad Shahini Shams , Taheri Elham , Raesi Ahmad , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan , Kheirii Soleiman , Shahinfard Najmeh , Habibi Zahra 
Published: January 2022

Background:
There is increasing evidence supporting a central role of the viral-induced
hyper-inflammatory immune response in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is
an emerging prognostic marker in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to
investigate the relationship between serum procalcitonin and clinical severity and outcomes in patients
with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods:
Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in patients with
COVID-19 infection from February to April 2020 at Hajar Hospital in the Shahrekord University of
Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.

Results:
The results showed that total lymphocyte counts, albumin, calcium, and creatinine levels were
significantly different between the two moderate and severe groups, and the mean of procalcitonin
level in COVID-19 patients with severe disease was higher (0.36 ng/mL) compared with the patients
with moderate disease, and its level was found to be >5 ng/mL in 14.2% of5 ng/mL in 14.2% of patients
in the former group.

Conclusions:
PCT may be a marker of disease severity in COVID-19 and may contribute to determining
the severity of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, serial PCT measurements may be
beneficial in predicting the prognosis.
Anti-toxoplasma and Cytotoxic Activities of Holothuria leucospilota
Extract and TiO2NPs In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Asadi Negar , Yousefi Elham , Tappeh Khosrow Hazrati , Khademvatan Shahram 
Published: January 2022

Background:
An impressive treatment for toxoplasmosis is the combinatory use of sulfadiazine
and pyrimethamine. However, both the drugs involve significant side effects and toxicity for the
host. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-toxoplasma medications with high efficacy and less to no
side effects is urgently needed.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-toxoplasmic effects of Holothuria leucospilota (H.
leucospilota) extract and TiO2NPs on the cell death of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites in
vitro and serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), and also to evaluate the immune response and
production of IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in a mouse model.

Materials and Methods:
The cytotoxicity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract against the
tachyzoite of T. gondii was evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The levels of
serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-5, and liver enzymes were measured, as well. All the groups were subjected
to T. gondii, and the survival rate of experimental mice was evaluated.

Results:
Our findings suggested in vivo and in vitro anti-toxoplasmic activity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota
extract by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of T. gondii tachyzoite. In addition, a
significant increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α production was observed in mice treated with high doses of
TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract. However, IL-5 levels decreased in TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota
extract-treated mice. Our results also showed a highly significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of
ALT, AST, and ALP in the groups injected with TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract, but not the control
group.

Conclusion:
TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract have greater anti-toxoplasma effects in vitro and in
vivo. These two compounds could be considered as a candidate for use against toxoplasmosis, both
therapeutically and prophylactically.
Critical Review of the Simple Theoretical Models in Dynamic Imaging:
Up-Slope Method and Graphical Analysis
Authors: Ashoor Habib E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Clinical imaging equipment technological advancements offer insight into the evolution of mathematical techniques used to estimate parameters necessary to characterize the microvasculature and, thus, differentiate normal tissues from abnormal ones. These parameters are blood flow (F), capillary endothelial permeability surface area product (PS), vascular fraction (vp), and extravascular extracellular space size (EES,ve). There are a number of well-established approaches that exist in the literature; however, their analysis is restricted by complexity and is heavily influenced by noise. On the other hand, these characteristics can also be calculated using simpler and straightforward approaches such as Up-Slope Method (USM) and Graphical Analysis (GA). The review looks into the theoretical background and clinical uses of these methodologies, as well as the applicability of these techniques in various sections of the human body.
Caracterización morfológica, faneróptica y de genes dominantes de la gallina criolla Subespecie nudicollis en la región Sabanas del departamento de Sucre-Colombia
Authors: Montes-Vergara Donicer , Hernández-Herrera Darwin , Carrillo-González Diego 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Estimar la diversidad morfométrica, faneróptica y de cuatro genes dominantes en aves criollas de pescuezo desnudo (Gallus domesticus L. Subespecie nudicollis) de traspatio en la subregión Sabana, departamento de Sucre (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. En 650 aves adultas (480 gallinas y 170 gallos) de 10 localidades, se midieron 14 variables morfométricas, ocho fanerópticas y cuatro genes dominantes. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivos. Mediante análsis de varianza y test de Ducan se compararon las aves entre localidades. Se evaluó la armonía morfoestructural a partir de las correlaciones entre las mediciones. Se estimaron las frecuencias de los genes Frizzled feather, silky feather, ptilopody y polydactyly, e influencia, sobre cuatro variables mofométricas. Las variables fanerópticas se evaluaron mediante frecuencias. Resultados. Los descriptores analizados mostraron superioridad de los gallos sobre las gallinas al igual que entre localidades (p< 0.001). El peso corporal y longitud del tarso, fueron diferenciadores sexuales (p< 0.001). Las frecuencias alélicas estimadas fueron bajas excepto para el gen Polydactyly, cuyas aves fueron significativamente más grandes (p< 0.001). Las características fanerópticas, describen un ave de plumaje normal, de color marrón, tarsos blancos, color de lóbulo rojo y ojo rojo-naranja, de cresta simple y tamaño pequeño-mediano en gallinas y mediano-grande en gallos. Conclusiones. Se encontró una población heterogénea con gran variabilidad fanerópticas, hay indicios de introgresión de razas especializadas. Las frecuencias de los genes dominantes fueron bajas, con mayor rendimiento para las características W, LC, PT, LP y LA en las aves con genotipo polydactyly.
An Analysis of Health Care Team Communication Needs Among Younger vs Older Breast Cancer Survivors: Web-Based Survey
Authors: Vollmer Dahlke Deborah , Yoshikawa Aya , McAdam Molly , Malatok Sharyn , Gonzales Elaine D 
Published: January 2022

Background
Prior studies indicate that the age of onset of breast cancer is an important element in considering communication between patients and the health care team. Younger women aged 45 and under diagnosed with breast cancer are often at a higher risk of being more vulnerable to psychosocial issues compared to older women aged 46 years and above. Few studies have examined age differences in patient perceptions of treatment-related discussion and communication during transition with their health care team.

Objective
The aims of this survey were (1) to better understand breast cancer survivors’ perspectives regarding communication with health care providers during treatment and during transition to posttreatment care; and (2) to determine the differences between younger women with breast cancer (≤45 years of age) and older women (≥46 years of age). It was hypothesized that (1) breast cancer survivors’ psychosocial and finance-related communications with health care providers may lack effectiveness; (2) younger women experience greater needs for patient-centered communication with physicians and health care providers, especially about psychosocial care and transition to posttreatment care; and (3) younger breast cancer patients (≤45 years of age) need more information on survivorship and follow-up care.

Methods
An internet-based survey was conducted with 143 women in Central Texas with 35% (n=50) aged 45 years or under and 65% (n=93) aged 46 years and above. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to assess differences in participants’ perceptions about communication with health care providers by age group: younger (≤45 years of age) and older (≥46 years of age) women.

Results
Statistically significant results pertained to rating health care team and patient discussions about transition from treatment to posttreatment using scores of 0 as “no discussion” and 100 as “in-depth discussion.” For the questions about management of posttreatment care, the overall mean score of the groups was 56.26 and that of the younger group was 43.96; the mean score of the older group was 61.96 (P=.02). For the question about the timing of follow-up appointments, the overall mean score was 64.29; the mean score of the younger group was 54.44, and that of the older group was 68.88 (P=.05). All the group scores related to psychosocial and financial support discussions with health care providers were low, with a rollup average of only 30.02 out of 100, suggesting that this is an important area for improving patient-centered communication.

Conclusions
For all patients, transition from treatment to posttreatment requires a greater level of engagement and communication with the health care team. It appears that younger patients aged ≤45 years require more in-depth and personalized messaging to better understand their posttreatment care requirements.
Multimedia Knowledge Translation Tools for Parents About Childhood Heart Failure: Environmental Scan
Authors: Cunningham Chentel , Sung Hyelin , Benoit James , Conway Jennifer , Scott Shannon D 
Published: January 2022

Background
Childhood heart failure is a factor in many hospital admissions each year. It can impose a steep learning curve for parents who need to learn the key information to care for their child at home. In this study, we conducted an environmental scan to identify and assess web-based knowledge translation tools about childhood heart failure for parent audiences developed within North America.

Objective
The aim of this study is to inventory tools publicly available to parents about childhood heart failure from popular web-based venues, assess how each tool communicates health information, and explore how they were developed.

Methods
Our search strategy included two commonly used multimedia-based platforms: two app stores (Google Play and Apple App Store) and one search engine (Advanced Google Search). Common search terms were used, and results were uploaded to Microsoft Excel for screening between 2 reviewers. The inclusion criteria for the tools were as follows: content focused on educating parents about their child’s heart failure, developed in the English language, and originating within Canada and the United States. A total of 2 reviewers screened the app store and internet search results for relevant tools. Each tool was assessed using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM), a validated tool that objectively assesses the suitability of how health information is communicated to a particular audience. Key informants who were involved in tool development were identified and invited for a qualitative interview using a semistructured format to provide data about the development process. Key themes were identified in the semistructured interview process.

Results
Frequencies and SAM percent ratings of eligible tools were reported. No apps exist for parents relating to pediatric heart failure. Overall, 17 relevant internet tools were identified, and their suitability was assessed for the parent audience. Most tools scored well in layout and type, but they scored lower in readability and graphics. Qualitative interviews with key informants revealed three key themes: timely and introductory knowledge, credible and trustworthy knowledge, and challenges and evolution in knowledge.

Conclusions
This is the first environmental scan looking for parent tools relating to childhood heart failure in Canada and the United States. Findings from this study reveal that there are no apps on this topic and there is a small number of tools for parents on the internet (n=17). Using the SAM, no tools scored in the superior range, and further work in knowledge translation strategies needs to be done in this area to improve more effective education to parents and caregivers who have a child with heart failure. These findings will inform the development of a new resource on children’s heart failure that targets parents and caregiver audiences.