bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability-indicating spectrophotometric quantification of safinamide in the presence of its possible degradation product
Authors: Kamel Ebraam B. , El-Abassy Omar M 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn recent times, a truly exquisite pharmaceutical marvel has graced the world of medicine, known as Safinamide (SAF). This opulent creation has been specifically tailored to cater to the needs of individuals afflicted with Parkinson’s disease (PD), an esteemed neurological condition renowned for its regal ability to impede motor skills, coordination, and equilibrium. It is highly improbable that degradation products of pharmaceutical components would significantly compromise efficiency and safety of a drug during its shelf life. Pharmaceutical analysis requires a variety of stability tests to be conducted under distinct conditions. As a result, there was an increased need for the development of an analytical methodology capable of reliably separating and quantifying degradants and impurities that might be found in pharmaceuticals. In this study, we have developed two efficient and straightforward spectrophotometric methodologies for the concurrent estimation of SAF and its degradation product (SAF DEG), which is the main acid hydrolysis product. The confirmation of degradation product build-up by the use of several analytical techniques, including infrared spectroscopy (IR), and mass spectrometry (MS) investigations. The present methodologies have been validated for linearity within the concentration range of 5–30 µg/ml for SAF, and 5–15 µg/mL, 2–15 µg/ml for SAF DEG for fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) and dual wavelength (DW) methods, respectively. The originality of these techniques lies in their status as the first stability-indicating spectrophotometric procedures that are both environmentally friendly. Moreover, the process of obtaining pure SAF DEG offers substantial economic benefits by obviating the need to acquire a costly constituent. The use of intelligent techniques was employed to analyze the pharmaceutical dosage form, potentially offering significant advantages to the pharmaceutical industry.
Stability of refractive outcomes after hyperopic LASIK with and without Mitomycin C application: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saad Amr , Steinberg Johannes , Frings Andreas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo assess the efficacy, safety, and stability of refractive outcomes in hyperopic Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) with and without the application of Mitomycin C (MMC). This randomized, parallel group, controlled multicenter trial included 140 hyperopic eyes. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving LASIK with mitomycin C (MMC) (n = 70) and the other receiving LASIK without MMC (n = 70). The primary outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and safety parameters at six months postoperatively. The statistical analysis employed t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and Fisher’s Exact Test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. All 140 eyes (70 per group) were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were identified between the two groups in postoperative UDVA, CDVA, or safety parameters (p > 0.05). Both groups demonstrated highly effective and safe refractive outcomes. No intraoperative complications or postoperative adverse events were observed. Age and preoperative spherical equivalent did not significantly affect outcomes. Hyperopic LASIK with and without MMC showed comparable efficacy, safety, and stability of refractive outcomes at the six-month postoperative interval. Although MMC use in hyperopic LASIK appears to be a safe procedure, it was not found to be significantly superior to conventional LASIK. Further investigation with longer follow-up periods and larger cohorts is necessary to confirm these results.
Soil fluoride enrichment process and the possible adaptation prevention principle in coal-burning fluorosis area in Southwest China
Authors: Chen Qiao , Wang Xuewenyu , Li Qingcai , Chen Juan , Zhu Lin , Wang Li , Zhang Liping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCoal-burning fluorosis prevails in southwest China and other provinces. Although clay used as binder of briquettes was proven to cause coal-burning fluorosis, its enrichment processes remain unknown. The soils and rocks on typical geological units were sampled and simulation experiments were performed to detect the forming process of high-fluoride clay. The surface and mineral soils, farmland soils and rocks have fluoride levels of 157.9–1076.76, 334.58–1419.28, 227.52–1303.11 and 46.05–964.11 mg/kg respectively. Fluoride levels of surface soils, mineral horizon soils and farmland soils are significantly positively correlated, while those between soils and rocks are not significantly correlated. The soils overlying carbonates have substantially higher fluoride levels than those overlying non-carbonates although the carbonates have extremely lower fluoride levels. The fluoride levels in acid insoluble substances are significantly positively correlated with soil fluoride levels. The acid insoluble substances in carbonates have obviously higher fluoride levels than those in non-carbonates. High Ca(Mg) levels in carbonates restrict fluorine leaching into the water and facilitate fluorine deposition in soils. Fluoride enriches in soils with numerous Ca(Mg)CO3 leaching during carbonate weathering, which is a new insight into the cause of high-fluoride clay. An exposure pathway of fluoride is forwarded. The best prevention principle and policy are proposed.
A hybrid attention multi-scale fusion network for real-time semantic segmentation
Authors: Ye Baofeng , Xue Renzheng , Wu Qianlong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn semantic segmentation research, spatial information and receptive fields are essential. However, currently, most algorithms focus on acquiring semantic information and lose a significant amount of spatial information, leading to a significant decrease in accuracy despite improving real-time inference speed. This paper proposes a new method to address this issue. Specifically, we have designed a new module (HFRM) that combines channel attention and spatial attention to retrieve the spatial information lost during downsampling and enhance object classification accuracy. Regarding fusing spatial and semantic information, we have designed a new module (HFFM) to merge features of two different levels more effectively and capture a larger receptive field through an attention mechanism. Additionally, edge detection methods have been incorporated to enhance the extraction of boundary information. Experimental results demonstrate that for an input size of 512 × 1024, our proposed method achieves 73.6% mIoU at 176 frames per second (FPS) on the Cityscapes dataset and 70.0% mIoU at 146 FPS on Camvid. Compared to existing networks, our Model achieves faster inference speed while maintaining accuracy, enhancing its practicality.
Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies display a signature alteration of their cognitive connectome
Authors: Yanez-Perez Roraima , Garcia-Cabello Eloy , Habich Annegret , Cedres Nira , Diaz-Galvan Patricia , Abdelnour Carla , Toledo Jon B. , Barroso José , Ferreira Daniel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCognition plays a central role in the diagnosis and characterization of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the complex associations among cognitive deficits in different domains in DLB are largely unknown. To characterize these associations, we investigated and compared the cognitive connectome of DLB patients, healthy controls (HC), and Alzheimer’s disease patients (AD). We obtained data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. We built cognitive connectomes for DLB (n = 104), HC (n = 3703), and AD (n = 1985) using correlations among 24 cognitive measures mapping multiple cognitive domains. Connectomes were compared using global and nodal graph measures of centrality, integration, and segregation. For global measures, DLB showed a higher global efficiency (integration) and lower transitivity (segregation) than HC and AD. For nodal measures, DLB showed higher global efficiency in most measures, higher participation (centrality) in free-recall memory, processing speed/attention, and executive measures, and lower local efficiency (segregation) than HC. Compared with AD, DLB showed lower nodal strength and local efficiency, especially in memory consolidation. The cognitive connectome of DLB shows a loss of segregation, leading to a loss of cognitive specialization. This study provides the data to advance the understanding of cognitive impairment and clinical phenotype in DLB, with implications for differential diagnosis.
Association of real life postural transitions kinematics with fatigue in neurodegenerative and immune diseases
Authors: Romijnders Robbin , Atrsaei Arash , Rehman Rana Zia Ur , Strehlow Lea , Massoud Jèrôme , Hinchliffe Chloe , Macrae Victoria , Emmert Kirsten , Reilmann Ralf , Janneke van der Woude C. , Van Gassen Geert , Baribaud Frédéric , Ahmaniemi Teemu , Chatterjee Meenakshi , Vitturi Bruno Kusznir , Pinaud Clémence , Kalifa Jérôme , Avey Stefan , Ng Wan-Fai , Hansen Clint , Manyakov Nikolay V. , Maetzler Walter 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFatigue is prevalent in immune-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, yet its assessment relies largely on patient-reported outcomes, which capture perception but not fluctuations over time. Wearable sensors, like inertial measurement units (IMUs), offer a way to monitor daily activities and evaluate functional capacity. This study investigates the relationship between sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions and self-reported physical and mental fatigue in participants with Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Over 4 weeks, participants wore an IMU and reported fatigue levels four times daily. Using mixed-effects models, associations were identified between fatigue and specific kinematic features, such as 5th and 95th percentiles of sit-to-stand performance, suggesting that fatigue alters the control and effort of movement. These kinematic features show promise as indicators for fatigue in these patient populations.
Modulation of Nrf2 expression by targeting i-motif DNA
Authors: Warner E. F. , Guneri D. , O’Connell M. A. , MacDonald C. J. , Waller Z. A. E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of cell detoxification, which maintains homoeostasis in healthy cells and promotes chemoresistance in cancer cells. Controlling the expression of this transcription factor is therefore of great interest. There are many compounds that have been shown to induce Nrf2 expression, but ligands that can inhibit Nrf2 are scant. Herein we characterise an i-motif-forming sequence downstream of the Nrf2 promoter, which we hypothesised may regulate the expression of the gene. The Nrf2 i-motif was found to be stable at near-physiological conditions. We identified small molecule ligands that interact with this i-motif structure and one significantly upregulated Nrf2 mRNA expression, and one ligand reduced Nrf2 mRNA expression in human cancer cells. This is the first example of controlling the promoter of Nrf2 by targeting DNA structures and offers an alternative mode of action for the development of compounds to improve the chemotherapeutic responsiveness of existing treatments for cancer.
Malignant Biliary Strictures: Preoperative and Palliative Interventions
Authors: Priyadarshi Rajeev N. , Nag Piyal , Kumar Ramesh , Anand Utpal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMalignant biliary strictures represent a significant clinical challenge worldwide, with the majority of cases being unresectable at the time of diagnosis, necessitating palliative biliary drainage. In some cases, preoperative drainage is required to optimize surgical outcomes. Biliary drainage can be performed through either endoscopic or percutaneous methods, each tailored to specific clinical scenarios. Endoscopic techniques include endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage, while percutaneous options involve percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and biliary stenting. The choice of technique is guided by imaging findings, the clinical condition of the patient, and the expertise of the interventionist to ensure effective drainage and minimize complications. Although endoscopic methods are well-established and extensively studied, the percutaneous approach offers distinct advantages in certain complex cases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of biliary drainage techniques, with a particular focus on the percutaneous approach.
Electron temperature measurement from neutral atomic tungsten emission line ratio
Authors: Adams Steven F. , Murray Chase S. , Pohl Neil A. 
Published: January 2025

A method to determine electron temperature within a plasma by the spectral analysis of atomic tungsten emission has been explored. The technique was applied to a post-discharge region immediately following a high voltage nanosecond pulsed discharge in air with tungsten electrodes. Atomic tungsten lines are readily observed in the weak emission spectrum within the post-discharge region for many microseconds. Intensity ratios were measured at various times after the pulsed discharge for a select pair of neutral tungsten emission lines at 400.88 and 401.52 nm, where the upper electronic levels of each transition are at 3.46 and 5.52 eV respectively. This significant difference in upper state energy causes their line intensity ratio to vary as the electron temperature changes. In addition to the emission spectra, the absolute electron temperature could be accurately measured in our lab using laser Thomson scattering to calibrate the new tungsten emission line intensity ratio method. An analysis is presented that calculates electron temperature from these tungsten emission data assuming a Maxwellian electron energy distribution contributing to direct electron impact excitation to the upper states of each transition. The results included the derivation of a calibration factor between the two experimental methods representing a previously unreported ratio of Einstein A coefficients for the 400.88–401.52 nm transitions. This derivation provides a method for future measurement of absolute electron temperature by the 400.88–401.52 nm tungsten line intensity ratio without the need for laser Thomson scattering calibration.
Crosslinguistic perspectives on the source of first/second person pronouns
Authors: Ishiyama Osamu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates demonstratives as the diachronic source of first/second person pronouns and shows that
though several languages use them to designate the speaker/addressee, most usage does not conventionalize as first/second person
pronouns despite the claim in previous studies. It then presents functional reasons that demonstratives rarely give rise to
first/second person pronouns. This study additionally examines nouns and reflexives as the source of first/second person pronouns
and shows that while it is relatively common for nouns to develop into first/second person pronouns, the same conclusion as
demonstratives can be drawn for reflexives. I argue that the historical development of first/second person pronouns differs from
that of third person pronouns due to speech-functional and discourse-pragmatic reasons. The development of the former concerns the
speaker-addressee axis, thus more strongly affected than the latter by the tug of war between efficiency in linguistic
communication and social success in interpersonal communication.
Studying affect through discourse theory
Authors: Eklundh Emmy , Ronderos Sebastián 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article presents a methodological argument for examining the affective dimensions of political identity
formation, with a pivotal focus on the role of practice. Grounded in a psychoanalytically inspired discourse
theory framework, it advocates for expanding research beyond textual sources to investigate the affective investment inherent in
political engagement and the process of collective identity formation. Through an examination of two empirical case studies — the
Just Stop Oil movement in the United Kingdom and the ascent of Javier Milei in Argentinean politics — the article proposes four
principles to study the articulation of political identities through practice: Signifiers are not just words; beyond counting
words; policy is central, and fantasy is a cipher. By underscoring fantasy as a critical dimension in identity formation and,
suggesting that, by transcending the conventional Schmittian friend/enemy divide, novel avenues for analysing collective
identities will surface.
Gora Euskadi Askatuteira
Authors: Correa Maite 
Published: January 2025

Resumen
En este artículo se exploran las experiencias, actitudes e identidades lingüístico-culturales de cuatro inmigrantes gallegos de segunda generación en Trintxerpe (Comunidad Autonómica Vasca o CAV) con relación al galego, español/castellano y euskera. Los participantes de este estudio de caso, nacidos durante los primeros años de la transición/democracia, han sido testigos de los esfuerzos del gobierno vasco por normalizar las prácticas lingüísticas y por contrarrestar los efectos perjudiciales de las políticas franquistas del siglo XX. A pesar de identificarse como vascos, reconocen una jerarquía de “vasquedad”, donde los vascos nativos ocupan la posición más alta, seguidos por los inmigrantes de segunda generación nacidos en la CAV. Los participantes no muestran un fuerte apego al galego, pero tampoco presentan actitudes negativas hacia él, lo cual parece estar relacionado con una interrupción en la transmisión intergeneracional del galego similar a la ocurrida en Comunidad Autónoma Gallega (CAG) durante la dictadura. Este estudio aporta información significativa sobre la compleja interacción entre lenguas, identidades y actitudes sociolingüísticas observadas en las entrevistas con los participantes.
Análisis contrastivo de los encuadres culturales en las noticias sobre la guerra entre Rusia y Ucrania en cinco
periódicos europeos
Authors: Jordán Enamorado Miguel Ánge , Ricart Vayá Alicia 
Published: January 2025

Resumen
El presente trabajo presenta un análisis contrastivo de los encuadres culturales subyacentes a las noticias sobre
la guerra entre Rusia y Ucrania publicadas en cinco periódicos europeos por medio de una metodología innovadora que incluye el uso
del software de análisis de corpus, la detección de los campos semánticos más frecuentes, un análisis
cuantitativo y contrastivo, una descripción y contextualización de los resultados y, por último, un proceso de interpretación
cultural con una perspectiva de encuadre. Nuestro trabajo demuestra que el análisis de los sustantivos más frecuentes y el
contraste de los campos semánticos dominantes permiten detectar las diferencias existentes en el planteamiento comunicativo de los
periódicos seleccionados. La interpretación de los resultados pone de manifiesto que, a pesar de tratarse de un suceso de
proyección internacional, cada medio encuadra la información teniendo en cuenta los intereses de los lectores de su país. Nuestra
propuesta metodológica resulta eficaz para realizar un primer acercamiento a los encuadres culturales y poder, de este modo,
llevar a cabo un análisis contrastivo de las noticias de diferentes periódicos. Sin embargo, para lograr resultados más
detallados, será necesario, en futuras investigaciones, completar este proceso con un análisis de unidades sintácticas
diversas.
Correlation analysis of estimated pulse wave velocity and severe abdominal aortic calcification: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database
Authors: Zhao Guanghui , Guo Zhiyu , Zheng Peng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. To investigate how severe abdominal aortic calcification (SAAC) and estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) relate to each other and to all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortalities. Approach. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 data were analyzed. ePWV, computed using age and mean blood pressure, served as an independent variable. Dependent variable SAAC (AAC score >6) was quantified using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and Kauppila grading. A weighted logistic regression model, interaction terms, and restricted cubic spline analysis examined relationship between ePWV and SAAC. Kaplan–Meier curves were drawn among SAAC people. A weighted Cox regression model was built to examine associations of ePWV with all-cause and CVD mortalities. Main results. 2849 individuals were included. A strong positive connection (odds ratio (OR) > 1, P < 0.05) was seen between ePWV and SAAC risk. Interaction term P-value indicated that only ethnicity (P < 0.05) had an impact on this link but smoking, alcohol use, age, sex, body mass index, or hypertension did not. SAAC patients showed greater ePWV, all-cause and CVD mortalities (P < 0.05) than non-SAAC subjects. Greater ePWV (>12.00 m s−1) was associated with higher risks of all-cause and CVD mortalities in SAAC participants (hazard ratio (HR) > 1, P < 0.05). Significance. This study, for the first time based on the NHANES database, reveals a positive correlation between ePWV and SAAC, and identifies ePWV as an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with SAAC, providing a new biomarker for the prevention and early intervention of cardiovascular diseases.
Thermoelectric infrared detectors: Design, fabrication, and performance assessment
Authors: Vashaee Daryoosh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive optimization and comparative analysis of thermoelectric (TE) infrared (IR) detectors using Bi2Te3 and Si materials. Through theoretical modeling and numerical simulations, we explored the impact of TE material properties, device structure, and operating conditions on responsivity, detectivity, noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and noise equivalent power (NEP). Our study offers an optimally designed IR detector with responsivity and detectivity approaching 2 × 105 V/W and 6 × 109 cm∙Hz1/2/W, respectively. This enhancement is attributed to unique design features, including raised thermal collectors and long suspended thin thermoelectric wire sensing elements embedded in low thermal conductivity organic materials like parylene. Moreover, we demonstrate the compatibility of Bi2Te3-based detector fabrication processes with existing MEMS foundry processes, facilitating scalability and manufacturability. Importantly, for TE IR detectors, zT/κ emerges as a critical parameter contrary to conventional TE material selection based solely on zT (where zT is the thermoelectric figure of merit and κ is the thermal conductivity).