bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is the Role of Questioning in Young Children’s Fluency?
Authors: Garbarino Julianne , Bernstein Ratner Nan 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
Most therapy programs for young children who stutter (CWS) involve caregiver counseling and adjustment of caregiver behavior to maximize opportunities for the child to be more fluent. One component sometimes included as a recommended adjustment is a reduction in caregiver question asking, as question asking is hypothesized to increase language formulation demands on the child. However, there is limited research to guide clinician advisement to caregivers that has controlled for numerous potential confounding factors, including utterance length and grammaticality, that may impact potential stressors on children. Our aim was to assess whether there was an empirical basis for such recommendations by comparing disfluency profiles of answers to questions and nonanswer utterances produced by children during spontaneous play with parents and examiners.

Method:
We analyzed fluency and structural properties as well as pragmatic function of 15,782 utterances from language samples produced by 32 CWS and 32 children who do not stutter (CWNS) who were between 28 and 50 months of age. CWS and CWNS were matched on gender and age within 4 months and were matched as closely as possible on maternal education.

Results:

For utterances produced by CWS, answers to adult questions were significantly
less
likely to contain stuttering-like disfluencies than other utterance types, and this was still true after controlling for utterance length and grammaticality. In contrast, for utterances produced by CWNS, answers to questions were significantly
more
likely to be disfluent than other utterance types after controlling for length and grammaticality.

Conclusion:
Given the current findings, some prior research, and the documented potential benefits in language development for adult question asking of children, we do not believe that clinicians need to recommend changes to typical question-asking behavior by caregivers of CWS.
Photo-enhanced O−, H− and Br− ion production in caesium sputter negative ion source—no evidence for resonant ion pair production
Authors: Hossain A , Tarvainen O , Reponen M , Kronholm R , Julin J , Kalvas T , Toivanen V , Kivekäs M , Laitinen M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It has been proposed that the negative ion yield of a caesium sputter ion source could be enhanced by promoting neutral caesium atoms to electronically excited 7p states supporting resonant ion pair production. We have tested this hypothesis by illuminating the cathode of a caesium sputter ion source with an adjustable wavelength laser and measuring its effect on the extracted beam currents of O−, H− and Br− anions. The laser exposure causes the beam currents to increase but the effect is independent of the wavelength in the range of 440–460 nm, which leads us to conclude that there is no evidence for resonant ion pair production. The photon-induced beam current enhancement scales with the applied laser power and, depending on the ion source conditions, can more than double the extracted beam current. We present a qualitative explanation for the observed effect. The model, based on photoelectron emission and subsequent increase of the caesium sputtering rate, thus liberating negative ions from the cathode, is supported by the data demonstrating that the caesium sputter ion source can produce Br− beams without thermal surface ionization as a source of Cs+ ions, i.e. in external laser-driven mode without heating the surface ionizer.
Lax pair formulation for the open boundary Osp(1∣2) spin chain
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Hao Kun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Based on the Lax pair formulation, we study the integrable conditions of the Osp(1∣2) spin chain with open boundaries. We consider both the non-graded and graded versions of the Osp(1∣2) chain. The Lax pair operators M
± for the boundaries can be induced by the Lax operator M

j
for the bulk of the system. They correspond to the reflection equations (RE) and the Yang–Baxter equation, respectively. We further calculate the boundary K-matrices for both the non-graded and graded versions of the model with open boundaries. The double row monodromy matrix and transfer matrix of the spin chain have also been constructed. The K-matrices obtained from the Lax pair formulation are consistent with those from Sklyanin’s RE. This construction is another way to prove the quantum integrability of the Osp(1∣2) chain. We find that the Lax pair formulation has advantages in dealing with the boundary terms of the supersymmetric model.
The costs and benefits of fire management for carbon mitigation in Alaska through 2100
Authors: Elder Molly , Phillips Carly A , Potter Stefano , Frumhoff Peter C , Rogers Brendan M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Climate change is intensifying fire regimes across boreal regions, and thus both burned area and carbon emissions from combustion are expected to increase significantly over the next several decades. Fire management through initial suppression of fires is effective at reducing burned area, but limited work has addressed the role that fire management can play in reducing wildfire carbon emissions and their impacts on climate change. In this work, we draw on historical data covering fire and fire management in Alaska to project burned area and management outcomes to 2100. We allow management to both respond to and impact variations in annual burned area and carbon emissions, while keeping decadal-average burned area at or above historical levels. The total cost of a fire is calculated as the combination of management expenditures and the social cost of carbon (SCC) emissions during combustion, using the SCC framework. Incorporating the tradeoff between management expenditures and burned area, we project that by 2100, increasing management effort by 5–10 times relative to current expenditures would minimize combined management and emissions costs. This is driven by the finding that the social costs of carbon emissions greatly exceed management costs unless burned area is constrained to near the average historical level. Our analysis does not include the many health, economic, and non-CO2 climate impacts from fires, so we likely underestimate the benefits of increased fire suppression and thus the optimal management level. As fire regimes continue to intensify, our work suggests increased management expenditures will be necessary to counteract increasing carbon combustion and lower overall climate impact.
Inhibitory Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression in Rats With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yu Hui-Zhen , Zheng Xi , Lu Li-Hong , Gao Jie , Pan Wei , Zhu Peng-Li , Yu Peng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
To investigate the effect of tissue kallikrein 1 (TK-1) overexpression on cardiac remodeling and myocardial expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in myocardial infarction (MI) rats.

Methods
MI was induced by ligating left anterior descending arteries of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Fifty-five SD rats were divided into sham operation, MI, MI + control adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), and MI + Ad5-TK-1 groups (n = 10–15 per group). Parameters of cardiac function were obtained by cardiac catheterization. Infarct area and infiltration of inflammatory cells were determined by Masson staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. Angiogenesis was detected by CD34 immunofluorescence intensity. Transfection with recombinant adenovirus and TK-1 expression in myocardium of rats were verified by immunofluorescence and western blot. MIF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression was determined by western blot.

Results
Compared with sham controls, rats in MI and control virus groups showed a significantly reduced cardiac function, increased infarct area and infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium, and increased expression of MIF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 (P &lt; 0.05). Notably, Ad5-TK-1 treatment significantly improved cardiac function (P &lt; 0.05), markedly reduced infarct area, less inflammatory cell infiltration and elevated angiogenesis in the MI rats. The expression of MIF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the infarcted myocardium was decreased by Ad5-TK-1 treatment (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
TK-1 overexpression partially reverses cardiac remodeling in MI rats, and this effect is associated with downregulation of MIF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in the myocardium.
Impact of Intraoperative Hemodynamic Fluctuation on Postoperative Complications in Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Surgery
Authors: Gong Can-Sheng , Li Yan-Zhen , Yang Rui-Zhi , Chen Meng-Nan , Qiu Hang-Ling , Jiang Jun-Dan , Zheng Xiao-Chun , Lin Cai-Zhu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
To identify the effect of hemodynamic fluctuations on severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL).

Methods
Patients with PPGL confirmed by postoperative pathologic examination in Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2015 to January 2021 were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, preoperative examinations, preoperative preparation, intraoperative data, and postoperative complications were collected. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the cutoff point of intraoperative standard deviation of systolic blood pressure for prediction of severe postoperative complication. According to the cutoff point, patients were divided into fluctuation and nonsevere fluctuation groups. Incidence of postoperative complication, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay after the operation, and length of ICU stay between the 2 groups was compared. The cumulative incidence and hazard ratio of postoperative complications were evaluated by Kaplan�Meier method and Cox regression analysis.

Results
A total of 126 patients were included in the study with 41 and 85 cases in the severe fluctuation and nonsevere fluctuation groups, respectively. Compared with the nonsevere fluctuation group, the incidence of postoperative complications (58.5% vs. 16.5%, P &lt; 0.001), ICU admission rate (26.8% vs. 10.6%, P = 0.019), postoperative hospital stay, and ICU stay (P &lt; 0.05) were higher in the severe fluctuation group. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed a higher incidence of postoperative complications in patients with severe blood pressure fluctuations (P &lt; 0.05). The Cox regression analysis also showed that patients in the severe fluctuation group were more susceptible to postoperative complications (hazard ratio = 3.010, 95% confidence interval 1.334–6.806).

Conclusions
For patients with PPGL, the intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations are associated with an increased risk of severe postoperative complications.
DEMOC: a deep embedded multi-omics learning approach for clustering single-cell CITE-seq data
Authors: Zou Guanhua , Lin Yilong , Han Tianyang , Ou-Yang Le 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has provided an unprecedent opportunity for cell-type identification. As clustering is an effective strategy towards cell-type identification, various computational approaches have been proposed for clustering scRNA-seq data. Recently, with the emergence of cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), the cell surface expression of specific proteins and the RNA expression on the same cell can be captured, which provides more comprehensive information for cell analysis. However, existing single cell clustering algorithms are mainly designed for single-omic data, and have difficulties in handling multi-omics data with diverse characteristics efficiently. In this study, we propose a novel deep embedded multi-omics clustering with collaborative training (DEMOC) model to perform joint clustering on CITE-seq data. Our model can take into account the characteristics of transcriptomic and proteomic data, and make use of the consistent and complementary information provided by different data sources effectively. Experiment results on two real CITE-seq datasets demonstrate that our DEMOC model not only outperforms state-of-the-art single-omic clustering methods, but also achieves better and more stable performance than existing multi-omics clustering methods. We also apply our model on three scRNA-seq datasets to assess the performance of our model in rare cell-type identification, novel cell-subtype detection and cellular heterogeneity analysis. Experiment results illustrate the effectiveness of our model in discovering the underlying patterns of data.
The velocity and quiescence distributions in spontaneous locomotion across animals vary between modes of movement
Authors: Baatrup Erik , Toft Søren 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Locomotion in animals follows simple mathematical rules: when active, most time is spent at lower velocities and exponentially decreasing time is spent at increasing velocities; when inactive, there is an abundance of short quiescence periods decreasing by an inverse power function towards longer quiescence periods. We investigated whether these mathematical rules are ‘universal’, i.e. followed by all animals independently of their modes of movement (walking, gliding/crawling, swimming) or their habitat (land, water). Using automated video tracking with high temporal and spatial resolution, we investigated the velocity and quiescence period distributions in ten species representing major divisions of the animal kingdom (snails, woodlice, springtail, beetle, fish, reptile, chicken and mouse). We confirm that the two functions are followed by most species, although we also found important exceptions: the snails and woodlice showed uni- or bimodal velocity distributions; the snails did not follow the inverse power law of quiescence periods. Thus, most animals running on legs or swimming follow the expected distributions, while other runners (isopods) and substrate gliders/crawlers (snails) do not. We suggest a difference in velocity distribution between animals that use running to escape predators and those that do not (snails and woodlice).
Evaluating the drivers and engines of morphological diversification in the invasive geckoHemidactylus mabouia(Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: Luzete Juliana , Giugliano Lilian G , Klaczko Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopment determines the range of possible phenotypes that can be produced and exposed to selection and has a major role in the evolutionary trajectories of species. Nevertheless, development is itself subject to evolutionary forces. Here, we describe differences at the ontogenetic and population levels in head and limb proportions of the invasive gecko Hemidactylus mabouia, to assess the developmental mechanisms and extrinsic forces associated with morphological diversification during colonization of novel habitats. We have found that allometric trajectories of most skeletal traits remain constant throughout postnatal development. Linear morphometric analysis did not find multivariate differences between ontogenetic stages or sexes. When comparing populations, our results showed that the divergence of the corresponding external measures was explained by shifts in the intercept of static allometry curves, indicating that differences arose early in development. Populations aggregated into two morphological groups that did not correspond to the groups formed on the basis of genetic structure. Using two different approaches, we found support for an adaptive hypothesis when comparing observed patterns of morphological variation with that expected under neutral evolutionary models.
Associations between objectively measured patterns of sedentary behaviour and arterial stiffness in Chinese community-dwelling older women
Authors: Du Litao , Li Guangkai , Ren Pengfei , He Qiang , Pan Yang , Chen Si , Zhang Xianliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
Arterial stiffness is an important risk factor of arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with increased risk for chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and poor health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the associations of objectively measured patterns of SB with arterial stiffness in Chinese community-dwelling older women.

Methods and results
Cross-sectional data were derived from the baseline survey of the Physical Activity and Health in Older Women Study. Arterial stiffness was evaluated through cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), CAVI ≥ 9 was defined as cut-off point. Sedentary behaviour patterns including sedentary time in SB bouts of ≥10, 30, and 60 min, number of SB bouts ≥10, 30, and 60 min, were measured via tri-axial accelerometers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate associations of different SB patterns with arterial stiffness. Of the total 1125 women aged 60–70, the prevalence of CAVI ≥ 9 was 25.8%. After adjustment for confounding factors, only sedentary time in SB bout ≥30 and 60 min, number of SB bouts ≥60 min were associated with arterial stiffness, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 1.06 (1.00–1.12) and 1.11 (1.03–1.20) per 30 min increase per day, 1.35 (1.05–1.74) per bout per day, respectively.

Conclusions
Longer duration of prolonged SB periods was associated with higher level of arterial stiffness. Shortening and interrupting accumulated periods of SB may be an achievable strategy to reduce risk of CVD in self-care and cardiovascular nursing.
Surface deformations and gravity changes caused by pressurized finite ellipsoidal cavities
Authors: Nikkhoo Mehdi , Rivalta Eleonora 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYWe develop quasi-analytical solutions for the surface deformation field and gravity changes due to the pressurization of a finite (triaxial) ellipsoidal cavity in a half-space. The solution is in the form of a non-uniform distribution of triaxial point sources within the cavity. The point sources have the same aspect ratio, determined by the cavity shape, while their strengths and spacing are determined in an adaptive manner, such that the net point-source potency per unit volume is uniform. We validate and compare our solution with analytical and numerical solutions. We provide computationally efficient MATLAB codes tailored for source inversions. This solution opens the possibility of exploring the geometry of shallow magma chambers for potential deviations from axial symmetry.
Identifying Paucisymptomatic or Asymptomatic and Unrecognized Ebola Virus Disease Among Close Contacts Based on Exposure Risk Assessments and Screening Algorithms
Authors: Gayedyu-Dennis Dehkontee , Fallah Mosoka P , Drew Clara , Badio Moses , Moses J S , Fayiah Tamba , Johnson Kumblytee , Richardson Eugene T , Weiser Sheri D , Porco Travis C , Martin Jeffrey N , Sneller Michael C , Rutherford George W , Reilly Cavan , Lindan Christina P , Kelly J D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There is limited evidence to evaluate screening algorithms with rapid antigen testing and exposure assessments as identification strategies for paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic Ebola virus (EBOV) infection and unrecognized EBOV disease (EVD).

Methods
We used serostatus and self-reported postexposure symptoms from a cohort study to classify contact-participants as having no infection, paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic infection, or unrecognized EVD. Exposure risk was categorized as low, intermediate, or high. We created hypothetical scenarios to evaluate the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition with or without rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) or exposure assessments.

Results
This analysis included 990 EVD survivors and 1909 contacts, of whom 115 (6%) had paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic EBOV infection, 107 (6%) had unrecognized EVD, and 1687 (88%) were uninfected. High-risk exposures were drivers of unrecognized EVD (adjusted odds ratio, 3.5 [95% confidence interval, 2.4–4.9]). To identify contacts with unrecognized EVD who test negative by the WHO case definition, the sensitivity was 96% with RDT (95% confidence interval, 91%–99%), 87% with high-risk exposure (82%–92%), and 97% with intermediate- to high-risk exposures (93%–99%). The proportion of false-positives was 2% with RDT and 53%–93% with intermediate- and/or high-risk exposures.

Conclusion
We demonstrated the utility and trade-offs of sequential screening algorithms with RDT or exposure risk assessments as identification strategies for contacts with unrecognized EVD.
Effects of aSaccharomyces cerevisiaefermentation product-supplemented diet on circulating immune cells and oxidative stress markers of dogs
Authors: Wilson Sofia M , Oba Patricia M , Koziol Samantha A , Applegate Catherine C , Soto-Diaz Katiria , Steelman Andrew J , Panasevich Matthew R , Norton Sharon A , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFeeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) has previously altered fecal microbiota, fecal metabolites, and immune function of adult dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate measures of skin and coat health, changes in circulating immune cell numbers and activity, antioxidant status, and oxidative stress marker concentrations of healthy adult dogs fed a SCFP-supplemented extruded diet. Sixteen adult English Pointer dogs (8 M, 8 F; mean age = 6.7 ± 2.1 yr; mean BW = 25.9 ± 4.5 kg) were used in a randomized crossover design study. All dogs were fed a control diet for 4 wk, then randomly assigned to either the control or SCFP-supplemented diet (0.13% of active SCFP) and fed to maintain BW for 10 wk. A 6-wk washout preceded the second 10-wk experimental period with dogs receiving opposite treatments. After baseline/washout and treatment phases, skin and coat were scored, and pre and postprandial blood samples were collected. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration status, and sebum concentrations were measured (back, inguinal, ear) using external probes. Oxidative stress and immune cell function were measured by ELISA, circulating immune cell percentages were analyzed by flow cytometry, and mRNA expression of oxidative stress genes was analyzed by RT-PCR. Change from baseline data was analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. Sebum concentration changes tended to be higher (P &lt; 0.10; inguinal, ear) in SCFP-fed dogs than in controls. TEWL change was lower (P &lt; 0.05) on the back of controls, but lower (P = 0.054) on the ear of SCFP-fed dogs. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response was affected by diet and time post-inoculation. Other skin and coat measures and scores were not affected by diet. Changes in unstimulated lymphocytes and stimulated IFN-γ secreting T cells were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in SCFP-fed dogs, while changes in stimulated T cells were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in control-fed dogs. Upon stimulation, the percentage of cytotoxic T cells delta trended lower (P &lt; 0.10) in SCFP-fed dogs. Change in serum superoxide dismutase concentrations was higher (P &lt; 0.05) and change in catalase mRNA expression was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in SCFP-fed dogs. All other measurements of immune cell populations, oxidative stress markers, and gene expression were unaffected by treatment. In conclusion, our data suggest that SCFP positively impacts indicators of skin and coat health of dogs, modulates immune responses, and enhances some antioxidant defense markers.