bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrogen sulfide and chloride on the passive film structures of stainless‐steel type 316 L
Authors: Shah M. , Ayob M.T.M. , Yaakob N. , Embong Z. , Othman N.K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe presence of hydrogen sulfide and chloride in oil and gas production environments can induce deterioration of the passive film, leading to pitting corrosion of stainless steel. In this research, localized behavior of stainless‐steel type 316 L was studied in highly hydrogen sulfide and chloride environment. The environmental condition was setting up using NACE TM0177 Solution A at different partial pressures of 0 bar, 3 bar and 15 bar of hydrogen sulfide, respectively. The results indicated that the presence of sulfides and chloride ions in test solution can decrease its corrosion resistance due to pitting corrosion attacking and promoting passive layer break down. Deterioration of passive film was analyzed using weight loss calculation, pit penetration analyses was done by infinite focus microscopy and surface morphology with the corrosion products were investigated by scanning electron microscope after 7 days immersion in test solution. Energy‐dispersive x‐ray results shows the presence of sulfur on the passive oxide layer at 3 bar and 15 bar conditions. Thus, the protection for these steels is undermined by hydrogen sulfide corrosion that affects on the passive films and altered its structure.
COVID‐19: A systematic review and update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi Hooman , Eivazzadeh‐Keihan Reza , Beig Parikhani Arezoo , Fattahi Mehraban Sara , Maleki Ali , Fereshteh Sepideh , Bazaz Masoume , Zolriasatein Ashkan , Bozorgnia Bahareh , Rahmati Saman , Saberi Fatemeh , Yousefi Najafabadi Zeinab , Damough Shadi , Mohseni Sara , Salehzadeh Hamid , Khakyzadeh Vahid , Madanchi Hamid , Kardar Gholam Ali , Zarrintaj Payam , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince the rapid onset of the COVID‐19 or SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in the world in 2019, extensive studies have been conducted to unveil the behavior and emission pattern of the virus in order to determine the best ways to diagnosis of virus and thereof formulate effective drugs or vaccines to combat the disease. The emergence of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques considering the multiplicity of reports from one side and contradictions in assessments from the other side necessitates instantaneous updates on the progress of clinical investigations. There is also growing public anxiety from time to time mutation of COVID‐19, as reflected in considerable mortality and transmission, respectively, from delta and Omicron variants. We comprehensively review and summarize different aspects of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19. First, biological characteristics of COVID‐19 were explained from diagnosis standpoint. Thereafter, the preclinical animal models of COVID‐19 were discussed to frame the symptoms and clinical effects of COVID‐19 from patient to patient with treatment strategies and in‐silico/computational biology. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nanoscience/nanotechnology in identification, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19 were discussed. This review covers almost all SARS‐CoV‐2‐related topics extensively to deepen the understanding of the latest achievements (last updated on January 11, 2022).
MPZ gene variant site in Chinese patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Hao Xiaoyan , Li Chong , Lv Yunguo , Zhou Tongtong , Tian Hao , Ma Yaru , Ding Jiangwei , Li Xinxiao , Wang Yangyang , Wang Lei , Yang Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary monogenic peripheral nerve disease. Variants in the gene encoding myelin protein zero (MPZ) lead to CMT, and different variants have different clinical phenotypes. A variant site, namely, c.389A > G (p.Lys130Arg), in the MPZ gene has been found in Chinese people. The pathogenicity of this variant has been clarified through pedigrees, and peripheral blood‐related functional studies have been conducted.MethodWhole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the c.389A > G (p.Lys130Arg) variant in the MPZ gene in family members of the proband. Physical examination was performed in the case group to assess the clinical characteristics of MPZ site variants. The expression of MPZ and phosphorylated MPZ in the blood of 12 cases and 12 randomly selected controls was compared by RT–qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA.ResultsThe proband and 12 of her family members presented the AG genotype with different clinical manifestations. The expression of MPZ mRNA in the case group was increased compared with that in the control group, and the levels of MPZ and phosphorylated MPZ in peripheral blood were higher than those in normal controls.ConclusionThe heterozygous genotype of the c.389A > G (p.Lys130Arg) variant in the MPZ gene mediated the increase in MPZ and phosphorylated MPZ levels in peripheral blood and was found to be involved with CMT.
A robotic magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound platform for neonatal neurosurgery: Assessment of targeting accuracy and precision in a brain phantom
Authors: Raghuram Hrishikesh , Keunen Benjamin , Soucier Nathan , Looi Thomas , Pichardo Samuel , Waspe Adam C. , Drake James M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the most serious neurovascular complications resulting from premature birth. It can result in clotting of blood within the ventricles, which causes a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid that can lead to posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Currently, there are no direct treatments for these blood clots as the standard of care is invasive surgery to insert a shunt. Magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) has been investigated as a noninvasive treatment to lyse blood clots. However, current MRgHIFU systems are not suitable in the context of treating IVH in neonates.PurposeWe have developed a robotic MRgHIFU neurosurgical platform designed to treat the neonatal brain. This platform facilitates ergonomic patient positioning and directs treatment through their open anterior fontanelle while providing a larger treatment volume. The platform is based on an MR‐compatible robot developed by our group. Further development of the platform has warranted investigation of its targeting ability to assess its feasibility in the neonatal brain. This study aimed to quantify the platform's targeting accuracy, precision, and repeatability using a brain phantom and clinical MRI system.MethodsA thermosensitive brain‐mimicking phantom was developed to test the platform's targeting accuracy. Rectangular grid patterns were created with HIFU thermal energy “lesions” in the phantoms by targeting specific coordinate points. The intended target locations were demarcated by inserting carbon fiber rods through a targeting assessment template. Coordinates for the intended and actual targets were derived from T2‐weighted MRI scans, and the centroid distance between them was measured. Subsequently, the platform's targeting accuracy was quantified according to equations derived from ISO Standard 9283:1998.ResultsHIFU ablation resulted in distinct thermal lesions within the thermosensitive phantoms, which appeared as discrete hypointense regions in T2‐weighted MR scans. A total of 127 target points were included in the data analysis, which yielded a targeting accuracy of 0.6 mm and targeting precision of 1.2 mm.ConclusionsThe robotic MRgHIFU platform was shown to have a high degree of accuracy, precision, and repeatability. The results demonstrate the platform's functionality when targeting through simulated brain matter. These results serve as an initial verification of the platform targeting ability and showed promise toward the final application in a neonatal brain.
The NMR added value to the green foodomics perspective: Advances by machine learning to the holistic view on food and nutrition
Authors: Picone Gianfranco , Mengucci Carlo , Capozzi Francesco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFood is a complex matter, literally. From production to functionalization, from nutritional quality engineering to predicting effects on health, the interest in finding an efficient physicochemical characterization of food has boomed in recent years. The sheer complexity of characterizing food and its interaction with the human organism has however made the use of data driven approaches in modeling a necessity. High‐throughput techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, are well suited for omics data production and, coupled with machine learning, are paving a promising way of modeling food–human interaction. The foodomics approach sets the framework for omic data integration in food studies, in which NMR experiments play a key role. NMR data can be used to assess nutritional qualities of food, helping the design of functional and sustainable sources of nutrients; detect biomarkers of intake and study how they impact the metabolism of different individuals; study the kinetics of compounds in foods or their by‐products to detect pathological conditions; and improve the efficiency of in silico models of the metabolic network.
Consistency of the full and reduced order models for evolve‐filter‐relax regularization of convection‐dominated, marginally‐resolved flows
Authors: Strazzullo Maria , Girfoglio Michele , Ballarin Francesco , Iliescu Traian , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNumerical stabilization is often used to eliminate (alleviate) the spurious oscillations generally produced by full order models (FOMs) in under‐resolved or marginally‐resolved simulations of convection‐dominated flows. In this article, we investigate the role of numerical stabilization in reduced order models (ROMs) of marginally‐resolved, convection‐dominated incompressible flows. Specifically, we investigate the FOM–ROM consistency, that is, whether the numerical stabilization is beneficial both at the FOM and the ROM level. As a numerical stabilization strategy, we focus on the evolve‐filter‐relax (EFR) regularization algorithm, which centers around spatial filtering. To investigate the FOM‐ROM consistency, we consider two ROM strategies: (i) the EFR‐noEFR, in which the EFR stabilization is used at the FOM level, but not at the ROM level; and (ii) the EFR‐EFR, in which the EFR stabilization is used both at the FOM and at the ROM level. We compare the EFR‐noEFR with the EFR‐EFR in the numerical simulation of a 2D incompressible flow past a circular cylinder in the convection‐dominated, marginally‐resolved regime. We also perform model reduction with respect to both time and Reynolds number. Our numerical investigation shows that the EFR‐EFR is more accurate than the EFR‐noEFR, which suggests that FOM‐ROM consistency is beneficial in convection‐dominated, marginally‐resolved flows.
Exploring integrated ArtScience experiences to foster nature connectedness through head, heart and hand
Authors: Renowden Christina , Beer Tanja , Mata Luis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Human activities continue to inflict profound detrimental impacts on biodiversity, yet we have not observed a commensurate shift in people's mindsets to achieve a more harmonious relationship between people and nature. As such, the need to shift the publics' perspective and awareness of their interconnectedness with nature continues to drive education and communication programs that aim to deepen the connection between people and nature.

This has led to mounting interest in integrating art with science as an influential communication practice to tackle complex concepts such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Art can provide alternative pathways of knowing and understanding the ecological crisis through provoking embodied, mindful and emotional responses. The arts create a dais for personal expression and reflection that traditional education and outreach methods typically cannot.

Here, we explore an art‐based approach to science communication and nature connectedness through a series of participatory ArtScience workshops. These workshops were delivered at The Living Pavilion, an Indigenous‐led, temporary event space that took place in Melbourne, Australia. An integrated and transdisciplinary approach using interactive and participatory ArtScience workshops underpins the key outcomes and findings of this research.

Our analysis revealed three themes emerging from the participants' experience: discovery, where participants learn or discover something new about biodiversity which is a thrilling and motivating experience; being in a state of flow, where participants are intrinsically motivated, focused and find joy in the activity; and attunement, where participants experience ecological awareness, relational knowing and a mindful connection to nature.

Integrating the head, heart and hands' learning framework into the ArtScience workshops allowed a more nuanced and ground‐up approach to our research and helped further understanding of how people create connections to more than human nature. The interrelated themes of discovery, flow and attunement open the potential for new ways of noticing and knowing nature, creating an embodied and holistic relationship with the more than human world. We suggest this is a strong foundation to deepen ecological awareness, which may lead to subtle yet positive changes in attitudes and behaviours towards biodiversity at a local level.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Development of an innovant carbon/jute porcine‐bone hybrid material for sustainable composite manufacturing
Authors: Dikshit Iti , Bhushan Gian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe recent decade has witnessed significant innovations and research in the field of hybrid composites. This rapid growth warranted the development of lightweight composite with higher mechanical strength. The use of bio‐waste like cow bone powder and fishbone powder from food industries has shown significant enhancement in the mechanical properties of composites in recent past. Owing to the large number of pigs slaughtered daily for meat, porcine bones are readily available. Most of the time, these bones end up as waste, polluting the environment. In view of this, an attempt has been made to develop a sustainable and innovant hybrid composite using porcine bone powder (PBP) as filler, and carbon/jute fibers as reinforcement in a polyester matrix. The compression molding technique was used to develop the hybrid composite. Characterization of the developed composite was investigated by image processing, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The influence of PBP percentage and size, on tensile strength, impact strength, and surface hardness were studied as per ASTM standard. In addition, the effects of alkali treatment of jute fiber on the above‐mentioned responses have also been studied. It was found that the mechanical strength of the hybrid composite was enhanced by the addition of PBP and alkali treatment. SEM images revealed that PBP with size 50–200 μm and weight percent from 10% to 15% demonstrated good bonding with the fibers. The developed hybrid composites demonstrated to be a sustainable solution to the bio‐waste management from the food industry.
Study on volume change and scanning electron microscope observation of carbon black‐filled natural rubber upon stretching
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zheng Shanliang , Zheng Lina , Lin Feifei , Wang Bin , Wang Meng‐Jiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe volume of natural rubber vulcanizates varied slightly during stretching. Hydrostatic weighing method was adopted in this study to study the volume change. By measuring the volume change of natural rubber compounds filled with different grades and different loadings of carbon black during extension, the corresponding volume variation–elongation (ΔV/V–ε) curves were created, and the differences of ΔV/V–ε curves among different carbon black compounds were discussed. The stress differences between different samples were normalized and the ΔV/(Vσ)–ε curves were plotted. Scanning electron microscope was utilized to observe the emergence and variation process of cavities in various stretched states. X‐ray diffraction was used to explore the change of crystallinity of the rubber after stretching to a certain elongation. Based on the experimental results, the damage at the filler‐rubber matrix interface and within the fillers agglomerates would be discussed.
Comparison of firing stability between p‐ and n‐type polysilicon passivating contacts
Authors: Kang Di , Sio Hang Cheong , Stuckelberger Josua , Yan Di , Phang Sieu Pheng , Liu Rong , Truong Thien N. , Le Tien , Nguyen Hieu T. , Zhang Xinyu , Macdonald Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work compares the firing response of ex‐situ doped p‐ and n‐type polysilicon (poly‐Si) passivating contacts and identifies possible mechanisms underlying their distinct firing behavior. The p‐type poly‐Si shows greater firing stability than n‐type poly‐Si, particularly at a higher firing temperature, which results in a substantial increase in the recombination current density parameter J0 from 9 to 96 fA/cm2 upon firing at 900°C for n‐type poly‐Si, in comparison to an increase from 11 to 30 fA/cm2 for p‐type poly‐Si. It is observed that p‐type poly‐Si contacts only suffer a slight degradation or even exhibit a small improvement in J0 after firing at 800°C, depending on the boron diffusion temperature. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) results demonstrate that the hydrogen concentration near the interfacial SiOx increases with the peak firing temperature in n‐type poly‐Si, whereas the hydrogen profile remains unchanged for p‐type poly‐Si upon firing at various temperatures. Moreover, we observe that injecting additional hydrogen into the poly‐Si/SiOx stacks fired with SiNx coating layers further degrades n‐type poly‐Si, but recovers the J0 of p‐type poly‐Si to the value before firing. In contrast, removing hydrogen from the fired poly‐Si/SiOx stacks leads to an initial recovery and then a second degradation of J0 in n‐type poly‐Si, but no substantial impact on p‐type poly‐Si. It is hypothesized that the distinct difference in the firing impact on p‐ and n‐type poly‐Si is related to the different effective hydrogen diffusivity, which determines the hydrogen content surrounding the SiOx layer and hence the passivation quality after firing.
Increasing application of pediatric physiologically based pharmacokinetic models across academic and industry organizations
Authors: Johnson Trevor N. , Small Ben G. , Rowland Yeo Karen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere has been a significant increase in the use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models during the past 20 years, especially for pediatrics. The aim of this study was to give a detailed overview of the growth and areas of application of pediatric PBPK (P‐PBPK) models. A total of 181 publications and publicly available regulatory reviews were identified and categorized according to year, author affiliation, platform, and primary application of the P‐PBPK model (in clinical settings, drug development or to advance pediatric model development in general). Secondary application areas, including dose selection, biologics, and drug interactions, were also assessed. The growth rate for P‐PBPK modeling increased 33‐fold between 2005 and 2020; this was mainly attributed to growth in clinical and drug development applications. For primary applications, 50% of articles were classified under clinical, 18% under drug development, and 33% under model development. The most common secondary applications were dose selection (75% drug development), pharmacokinetic prediction and covariate identification (47% clinical), and model parameter identification (68% model development), respectively. Although population PK modeling remains the mainstay of approaches supporting pediatric drug development, the data presented here demonstrate the widespread application of P‐PBPK models in both drug development and clinical settings. Although applications for pharmacokinetic and drug–drug interaction predictions in pediatrics is advocated, this approach remains underused in areas such as assessment of pediatric formulations, toxicology, and trial design. The increasing number of publications supporting the development and refinement of the pediatric model parameters can only serve to enhance optimal use of P‐PBPK models.
Early‐onset and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension due to a novel compound heterozygous association of rare VHL mutations: A case report and review of existing data
Authors: Chomette Laura , Migeotte Isabelle , Dewachter Céline , Vachiery Jean‐Luc , Smits Guillaume , Bondue Antoine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVery rare cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been linked to homozygous or compound heterozygous von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene mutations, while heterozygous VHL mutations lead to VHL tumor syndrome. Although those entities are defined, the genotype–phenotype correlation is incompletely understood, and patient management recommendations are lacking. Here, we describe a case of severe early‐onset PAH due to a so‐far unreported compound heterozygous association of VHL mutations and review the existing data.
Enabling transdisciplinary research collaboration for planetary health: Insights from practice at the environment‐health‐development nexus
Authors: Wardani Jane , Bos Joannette J. (Annette) , Ramirez‐Lovering Diego , Capon Anthony G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, transdisciplinary research has been increasingly recognised as necessary to produce solutions for sustainable development; however, implementation challenges remain. The emerging field of planetary health offers a unique lens to guide a new synthesis of perspectives, recognising interlinkages between environmental and human health, and interdependence across global development contexts, that is, at the environment‐health‐development nexus. This broad, practice‐based literature review consolidates learnings from previous transdisciplinary research across these diverse yet interrelated fields, and aims to deepen understanding of, and identify opportunities for, enabling collaborative practice. This review found structural, relational, and individual factors enabling and constraining collaboration. Local research contexts and academia's disciplinary traditions posed structural constraints that required relational efforts at the project, organisational and individual levels to address. This analysis revealed strategic opportunities for funding programs and researcher training that can be leveraged to increase capacity for relational work, further enabling collaboration in transdisciplinary research.