bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of bullous pemphigoid refractory to corticosteroids by antiepileptic drug‐induced CYP3A4
Authors: Asakawa Riko , Ogawa Youichi , Maejima Eri , Honobe‐Tabuchi Akiko , Okamoto Takashi , Mitsui Hiroshi , Kagawa Yoshiyuki , Shimada Shinji , Kawamura Tatsuyoshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe most common treatment option for patients with bullous pemphigoid is systemic corticosteroids. CYP3A4, a drug‐metabolizing enzyme in the liver, metabolizes synthetic steroids to a varying degree. Although there are many CYP3A4‐inducing drugs, several antiepileptic drugs, such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, strongly induce CYP3A4, thereby reducing the effects of corticosteroids. Here, we report a case of refractory bullous pemphigoid that rapidly improved after the discontinuation of phenytoin and phenobarbital. To achieve adequate pharmacological effects of corticosteroids, we must always ensure that patients who require corticosteroids for treatment are not medicated with CYP3A4‐inducing agents.
A nano‐delivery system expands the insecticidal target of thiamethoxam to include a devastating pest, the fall armyworm
Authors: Jiang Qin‐Hong , Li Ting , Liu Yan , Zhou Zi‐Yi , Yang Yang , Wei Ying , Yin Mei‐Zhen , Shen Jie , Yan Shuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNano‐delivery systems have been applied to deliver various synthetic/botanical pesticides to increase the efficiency of pesticide use and reduce the volumes of pesticides applied. Previous studies have supported the hypothesis that the nanocarriers can help expand the insecticidal target of pesticides to include non‐target pests. However, the potential mechanism underlying this interesting phenomenon remains unclear. Herein, a widely applied star polycation (SPc) nanocarrier was synthesized to construct a thiamethoxam (TMX) nano‐delivery system. The SPc‐based delivery system could promote the translocation of exogenous substances across the membrane of Sf9 cells, increase the cytotoxicity of TMX against Sf9 cells by nearly 20%, and expand the insecticidal target of TMX to include Spodoptera frugiperda (the fall armyworm), with a 27.5% mortality increase at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. Moreover, the RNA‐seq analysis demonstrated that the SPc could upregulate various transport‐related genes, such as Rab, SORT1, CYTH, and PIKfyve, for the enhanced cellular uptake of TMX. Furthermore, enhanced cell death in larvae treated with the TMX–SPc complex was observed through changes in the expression levels of death‐related genes, such as Casp7, BIRC5, MSK1, and PGAM5. The SPc‐based nano‐delivery system improved the cellular uptake of TMX and expanded its insecticidal target by adjusting the expression levels of death‐related genes. The current study mainly identified the transport and cell death genes related to nanocarrier‐based insecticidal target expansion, which is beneficial for understanding the bioactivity enhancement of the nano‐delivery system.
The Late Tremadocian (Ordovician) Graptolite Kiaerograptus from Central Hunan, China: Taxonomy and Biostratigraphy
Authors: LI Ming , LI Lixia , WANG Wenhui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWell‐preserved graptolites of the genus Kiaerograptus are first reported from the upper Tremadocian Yinchupu Formation in the Nanba section, Yiyang, Hunan Province, South China, including four species, i.e., Kiaerograptus lauzonensis (Erdtmann, 1966), Kiaerograptus stoermeri (Erdtmann, 1965), Kiaerograptus cf. supremus? Lindholm, 1991, and Kiaerograptus sp., which are robust in form. Based on these new specimens, the Kiaerograptus biozone is established for the first time in South China, increasing the late Tremadoc graptolite biozones in South China from four to five, in ascending order as follows: the Adelograptus tenellus biozone, the Aorograptus victoriae biozone, the Kiaerograptus biozone, the Sagenograptus murrayi biozone, and the Hunnegraptus copiosus biozone. A review of the occurrence records for robust Kiaerograptus species worldwide reveals that the distribution is restricted to the Aorograptus victoriae biozone and Kiaerograptus biozone in the late Tremadocian. This limited stratigraphical distribution makes Kiaerograptus a valuable taxon for precise biostratigraphical correlation at both the regional and global scales.
Summarizing studies using constitutive genetic deficiency to investigate behavioural influences of uptake 2 monoamine transporters
Authors: Weber Brady L. , Beaver Jasmin N. , Gilman T. Lee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBurgeoning literature demonstrates that monoamine transporters with high transport capacity but lower substrate affinity (i.e., uptake 2) contribute meaningfully to regulation of monoamine neurotransmitter signalling. However, studying behavioural influences of uptake 2 is hindered by an absence of selective inhibitors largely free of off‐target, confounding effects. This contrasts with study of monoamine transporters with low transport capacity but high substrate affinity (i.e., uptake 1), for which there are many reasonably selective inhibitors. To circumvent this dearth of pharmacological tools for studying uptake 2, researchers have instead employed mice with constitutive genetic deficiency in three separate transporters. By studying baseline behavioural shifts, plus behavioural responses to environmental and pharmacological manipulations—the latter primarily targeting uptake 1—investigators have been creatively characterizing the behavioural, and often sex‐specific, influences of uptake 2. This non‐systematic mini review summarizes current uptake 2 behaviour literature, highlighting emphases on stress responsivity in organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) work, psychostimulant responsivity in OCT3 and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) investigations, and antidepressant responsivity in all three. Collectively, this small but growing body of work reiterates the necessity for development of selective uptake 2‐inhibiting drugs, with reviewed studies suggesting that these might advance personalized treatment approaches.
Early spinal cord pseudoatrophy in interferon‐beta‐treated multiple sclerosis
Authors: Matusche Britta , Litvin Ludmila , Schneider Ruth , Bellenberg Barbara , Mühlau Mark , Pongratz Viola , Berthele Achim , Groppa Sergiu , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Zipp Frauke , Paul Friedemann , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. , Sämann Philipp , Weber Frank , Linker Ralf A. , Kümpfel Tania , Gold Ralf , Lukas Carsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeBrain pseudoatrophy has been shown to play a pivotal role in the interpretation of brain atrophy measures during the first year of disease‐modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis. Whether pseudoatrophy also affects the spinal cord remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of pseudoatrophy in the upper spinal cord during the first 2 years after therapy initiation and compare this to the brain.MethodsA total of 129 patients from a prospective longitudinal multicentric national cohort study for whom magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months were available were selected for brain and spinal cord volume quantification. Annual percentage brain volume and cord area change were calculated using SIENA (Structural Image Evaluation of Normalized Atrophy) and NeuroQLab, respectively. Linear mixed model analyses were performed to compare patients on interferon‐beta therapy (n = 84) and untreated patients (n = 45).ResultsPatients treated with interferon‐beta demonstrated accelerated annual percentage brain volume and cervical cord area change in the first year after treatment initiation, whereas atrophy rates stabilized to a similar and not significantly different level compared to untreated patients during the second year.ConclusionsThese results suggest that pseudoatrophy occurs not only in the brain, but also in the spinal cord during the first year of interferon‐beta treatment.
Microevolutionary mechanism of high‐altitude adaptation in Tibetan chicken populations from an elevation gradient
Authors: Zhong Hai‐An , Kong Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Ya‐Wen , Su Yan‐Kai , Zhang Bo , Zhu Li , Chen Hua , Gou Xiao , Zhang Hao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs an indigenous breed, the Tibetan chicken is found in highland regions and shows physiological adaptations to high altitude; however, the genetic changes that determine these adaptations remain elusive. We assumed that the microevolution of the Tibetan chicken occurred from lowland to highland regions with a continuous elevation range. In this study, we analyzed the genome of 188 chickens from lowland areas to the high‐altitude regions of the Tibetan plateau with four altitudinal levels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Tibetan chickens are significantly different from other altitude chicken populations. Reconstruction of the demographic history showed that the migration and admixture events of the Tibetan chicken occurred at different times. The genome of the Tibetan chicken was also used to analyze positive selection pressure that is associated with high‐altitude adaptation, revealing the well‐known candidate gene that participates in oxygen binding (HBAD), as well as other novel potential genes (e.g., HRG and ANK2) that are related to blood coagulation and cardiovascular efficiency. Our study provides novel insights regarding the evolutionary history and microevolution mechanisms of the high‐altitude adaptation in the Tibetan chicken.
Clinical features of chronic hepatitis B patients with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Jiacheng , Liu Yilin , Xue Ruifei , Zhan Jie , Jiang Suling , Wang Li , Yan Xiaomin , Xiong Yali , Xia Juan , Yin Shengxia , Tong Xin , Chen Yuxin , Li Jie , Huang Rui , Wu Chao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical features have been well described in obese chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, little is known about the clinical features of lean CHB‐NAFLD patients.MethodsThe study retrospectively included treatment‐naïve CHB patients who underwent ultrasound between 2015 and 2021. Liver fibrosis was assessed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), Fibrosis‐4 score (FIB‐4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and transient elastography.ResultsAmong 1226 CHB‐NAFLD patients, 25.0% patients were lean. The age, gender, and platelet, alanine aminotransferase, AST, and albumin levels were comparable between lean CHB‐NAFLD and nonlean patients. The levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and uric acid, as well as proportions of concurrent hypertension and diabetes, were lower in lean patients. Lean patients presented higher hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels (3.4 log10 IU/ml vs. 3.2 log10 IU/ml, p = 0.006), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels (4.1 log10 IU/ml vs. 3.2 log10 IU/ml, p < 0.001), and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive proportions (40.4% vs. 30.2%, p = 0.002) than nonlean patients. The values of APRI, FIB‐4, and liver stiffness were comparable between two groups. However, lean patients had lower NFS values (−3.0 vs. −2.6, p < 0.001) and lower proportions (12.6% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.003) of advanced fibrosis (NFS ≥ −1.5) than nonlean patients. Similar results were observed in HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative subgroups.ConclusionsNearly a quarter of CHB‐NAFLD patients were lean. Lean patients had lower proportions of metabolic abnormalities and advanced liver fibrosis than nonlean patients. However, lean CHB‐NAFLD patients had higher HBsAg levels, HBV DNA levels, and HBeAg‐positive proportions.Registry and registration no. of the study/trial: Clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03097952.
Protein kinase D3 promotes neutrophil migration during viral infection
Authors: Veazey Janelle M , Wong Gordon S , Eliseeva Sophia I , Smyth Timothy R , Chapman Timothy J , Lim Kihong , Kim Minsoo , Georas Steve N 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProtein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family with three isoforms (PKD1–3) that are expressed in most cells and implicated in a wide array of signaling pathways, including cell growth, differentiation, transcription, secretion, polarization and actin turnover. Despite growing interest in PKD, relatively little is known about the role of PKD in immune responses. We recently published that inhibiting PKD limits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and leukocyte accumulation in mouse models of viral infection, and that PKD3 is highly expressed in the murine lung and immune cell populations. Here we focus on the immune‐related phenotypes of PKD3 knockout mice. We report that PKD3 is necessary for maximal neutrophil accumulation in the lung following challenge with inhaled polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a double‐stranded RNA, as well as following influenza A virus infection. Using reciprocal bone marrow chimeras, we found that PKD3 is required in the hematopoietic compartment for optimal neutrophil migration to the lung. Ex vivo transwell and chemokinesis assays confirmed that PKD3−/− neutrophils possess an intrinsic motility defect, partly because of reduced surface expression of CD18, which is critical for leukocyte migration. Finally, the peak of neutrophilia was significantly reduced in PKD3−/− mice after lethal influenza A virus infection. Together, these results demonstrate that PKD3 has an essential, and nonredundant, role in promoting neutrophil recruitment to the lung. A better understanding of the isoform‐specific and cell type–specific activities of PKD has the potential to lead to novel therapeutics for respiratory illnesses.
Development of white finger millet probiotic beverage using Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus (LGG): Process optimization and study of physicochemical and nutritional properties
Authors: Navyashree Narayanaswamy , Buvaneswaran Malini , Sunil Chikkaballapur Krishnappa , Rawson Ashish , Natarajan Venkatachalapathy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhite finger millet (WFM) is a repository of vital nutrients and minerals. This study aims to develop the white finger probiotic beverage, optimize the ingredients level for the formulation, and study the physiochemical and nutritional properties of the formulated vegan WFM probiotic beverage (WFMPB). The optimum condition for the development of WFMPB was obtained by Box–Behnken design. The independent variable like WFM flour (10–14% w/v), microbial inoculum (1–5% v/v), and sugar (5–15% w/v), and their impact on the response variables like total solid content (TSS), pH, microbial count, and viscosity were studied for optimization. Increment in the amounts of WFM flour and inoculum levels had a significant impact on the microbial load and pH. However, sugar levels affected viscosity and TSS. The combination of 14% WFM, 1% microbial inoculum, and 5% sugar showed maximum desirability of 0.975, with the highest sensory score (8.34), TSS of 15.4 °Brix, pH of 4.33, the microbial load of 9.45 log (cfu/ml) and viscosity of 43.32 cP. WFMPB consists of 11.91% carbohydrates, 1.46% protein, 0.89% fat, and 0.632% crude fiber. The rheological studies showed that WFMPB is a shear‐thinning fluid (n ˂ 0.1). The study revealed that WFM is the better carrier matrix for the LGG growth and can be an alternative for the strict vegan and lactose‐intolerant consumers.
Geothermometric constraints on the thermal architecture, metamorphism, and exhumation of the Northern Range, Trinidad
Authors: Gennaro Ivano , Weber John , Vitale Brovarone Alberto , Arkle Jeanette , Chu Xu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Northern Range of Trinidad is composed of Mesozoic passive margin sedimentary rocks that underwent ductile deformation and subgreenschist‐ to greenschist‐facies metamorphism in the early Miocene. Previous studies suggested a two‐stage formation of the Northern Range between the Caribbean and South American plates: an initial collision drove mountain building in the Miocene and subsequent strike‐slip plate motion preferentially exhumed the western segment, producing a westward increase in the metamorphic thermal gradient. However, these studies were not able to resolve whether this gradient was discrete or continuous so the tectonic model awaits testing. In this study we use Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM), an empirical geothermometer, to constrain peak temperatures across the Northern Range with a greater resolution than was available in previous studies. The RSCM temperatures show an abrupt increase from 337°C ± 10°C in the east to 442°C ± 16°C west of Chupara Point, where a range‐cutting fault (Chupara Fault) had been inferred in previous geologic mapping campaigns. Thus, the discrete thermal discontinuity of ~100°C very likely represents the Chupara Fault. Our RSCM‐derived peak metamorphic temperatures are 50°C to 100°C higher than those from previous estimates, requiring revision of tectonic models to account for deeper burial and greater exhumation. The peak metamorphic conditions determined here, and the deduced timing of faulting from published thermochronological data, are consistent with the two‐stage tectonic model proposed in previous studies.
Prevalence of nutrition risk and associated risk factors among New Zealand pre‐school children
Authors: Ross Helen , Kruger Rozanne , Wham Carol 
Published: November 2022

AimTo determine the prevalence of nutrition risk using the validated, Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Pre‐schooler (NutriSTEP) among pre‐school children in New Zealand (NZ) and to identify socio‐demographic factors associated with nutrition risk.MethodsParents/caregivers of NZ pre‐school children (aged 2–5 years) completed an online survey including NutriSTEP, both parent and child height and weight, as well as socio‐demographic characteristics. The 17‐item NutriSTEP responses were scored between 0 and 4; where item scores ≥2 indicate risk, and the maximum score is 68. Participants were stratified into low‐risk (score ≤ 20) and moderate to high‐risk (score > 20) groups. Strength of associations between nutrition risk and socio‐demographic characteristics were explored using binary regression analysis.ResultsOf 505 pre‐school children, 96 (19%) were at moderate to high risk (median interquartile range NutriSTEP score 24 [22–26]) and 409 (81%) were at low risk (score 13 [10–16]). Pre‐school children at highest risk were non‐NZ European (P = 0.002), with solo parents (P = 0.002), from households with incomes ≤$50 000 (P ≤ 0.021) and with non‐university educated parents (P ≤ 0.0001). More than 30% of pre‐schoolers were at high risk for inadequate consumption of fruit, vegetables, grains, milk products, meat and meat alternatives, as well as exposure to screens during meals and overuse of supplements.ConclusionsA fifth of NZ pre‐school children were at moderate to high nutrition risk and may not have met the nutrition guidelines. Economic and ethnic disparities were apparent. Using NutriSTEP may assist to identify NZ pre‐school children at highest nutrition risk who may benefit from appropriate nutrition support.
Relative prevalence and outcome of fetal posterior fossa abnormality
Authors: Garg Nikita , Kumar Manisha , Rai Preeti , Srivastava Shivangi Shanker , Gupta Amit , Roy Chaudhary Subhasis 
Published: November 2022

AimTo find out the relative incidence and outcome of posterior fossa abnormality (PFA) in terms of survival at birth until 2 years of age.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study; all fetuses diagnosed with posterior fossa abnormality were followed‐up. The outcome was observed with respect to survival, the presence of associated anomalies, the existence of developmental delay after a telephonic interview.ResultsOut of 2703 children with congenital anomalies, 921 (34.1%) had a central nervous system defect; 76 cases of PFA were fully followed. Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM) was present in 50% (38/76), mega cisterna magna 18.4% (14/76), Blake pouch cyst 13.2% (10/76), vermian hypoplasia (VH) 13.2% (10/76) and arachnoid cyst 5.2% (4/76). The diagnosis was possible before 20 weeks in only 12 (15.8%) cases. The mean gestational age at delivery was 34.7 ± 6.7 weeks. Associated anomalies were seen in 35/76 (46.1%) cases. A total of 35/76 (46.1%) survived after 2 years; there was developmental delay in 9.2% of cases.ConclusionThere is a large variation in the outcome of PFA depending upon the type of anomaly. Associated anomalies are common in VH and DWM, making their prognosis worse.
Owner preference for insulin delivery device and glycaemic control in diabetic dogs
Authors: Del Baldo F. , Colajanni L. , Corradini S. , Palagiano P. , Di Cunzolo A. , Perissinotto L. , Drudi I. , Horspool L. , Fracassi F. 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo assess treatment satisfaction and owner preference for two delivery devices (VetPen, MSD Animal Health, and U40 insulin syringes) and the effect on glycaemic control in diabetic dogs treated with porcine insulin zinc suspension.Materials and MethodsRandomised prospective cross‐over study with two arms, each of 8 weeks. Twenty client‐owned diabetic dogs on insulin treatment by U40 syringe were enrolled. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive insulin by syringe or pen injector for 2 months, followed by 2 months of the other injection method. Treatment satisfaction and owners' insulin delivery device preference were assessed using a questionnaire. Glycaemic control was assessed using a clinical score, serum fructosamine and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) at the time of the enrolment (T0) and the end of each arm of treatment (T2 and T4).ResultsTreatment satisfaction differed for the two types of the delivery device when the order that each device was used was taken into consideration. Owners who used the syringe first did not have a significant preference for an injection device. In contrast, owners who used the pen injector first expressed a significant preference for VetPen compared to syringes. No significant differences in the number of dogs of Groups 1 and 2 with good and poor glycaemic control at T2 and T4 were detected.Clinical SignificanceOverall treatment satisfaction and preference for the two delivery methods were similar. However, VetPen was preferred by owners who were randomised to use this device first. Glycaemic control did not appear to be affected by the insulin delivery device used.