bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Post-COVID Syndrome Manifestations and Bulbar Conjunctival Angioscopy Results in a Patient Undergoing Treatment after Mild COVID-19
Authors: Arkhipov V. V. , Kheilo T. S. , Gladysheva E. G. , Danilogorskaya Yu. A. , Dzhavatkhanova M. R. , Snytko S. V. , Samorukova I. V. , Zhuravleva M. V. 
Published: April 2022

Microcirculation dysfunction plays a significant role in the development of post-COVID syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, there have been no studies on changes in microcirculation parameters during pharmacotherapy in patients with post-COVID syndrome. To date, there are no consensus recommendations for the treatment of post-COVID syndrome in the Russian Federation.The aim of the study was to analyse the pattern of clinical manifestations of post-COVID syndrome and bulbar conjunctival angioscopy (BCA) results in a young patient undergoing treatment after mild COVID-19.Materials and methods: analysis of the clinical case of a patient who was followed up at the Therapeutic Ophthalmology Centre between February and September 2021. BCA was performed in a patient with post-COVID syndrome to compare quantitative and qualitative microcirculation parameters before and after the treatment.Results: the paper summarises clinical observation data on a 23-year-old female patient with post-COVID syndrome with mainly neuropsychiatric manifestations and a microcirculation dysfunction as determined by BCA. The patient received pharmacotherapy with meldonium, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, and meglumine sodium succinate.Conclusions: the prescribed pharmacotherapy led to a significant improvement in the patient’s condition (regression in neuropsychiatric symptoms) with simultaneous improvement of morphological and functional parameters assessed by BCA, which indicates an improvement in microcirculation processes and supports their role in post-COVID syndrome development. The obtained data suggest that the clinical picture of post-COVID syndrome is directly related to the severity of microcirculation dysfunction in various organs and tissues, and that BCA can be used for diagnosis and assessment of the syndrome’s severity, as well as for assessment of the treatment’s efficacy and safety.
ALGORITHM COMPARISON WITH PSO FOR SENTIMENT ANALYSIS ON PSBB REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Raharjo Mugi , Putra Jordy Lasmana , Sandi Tommi Alfian Armawan , Napiah Musriatun 
Published: April 2022

Pandemi memunculkan aturan dan istilah-istilah baru dikalangan masyarakat.Berbagai macam negara mempunya regulasinya masing-masing termasuk indonesia dengan nama PSBB, untuk itu Penulis mencoba melakukan penelitian terkait kondisi PSBB di Indonesia dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk mencari tahu sentimen dari masyarakat terhadap hal ini, Penulis melakukan pemodelan ini dengan model positive dan negative pada sebuah cuitan di twitter.Kami menangkap informasi lewat media twitter yang kemudian kami olah data tersebut sehingga siap untuk dilakukan uji terhadap Algoritma yang digunakan. Dalam pengambilan dan pengolahan data kami menggunakan aplikasi rapid miner.Dalam penelitian digunakan Naive Bayes,KNN dan SVM. Kami juga melakukan perbandingan model dengan Particle Swarm Optimization. model ke-1 melakukan pengujian tiga algoritma menggunakan ratio validation 0.7-0.8 dan 10folds cross validation, Model 2 penulis menggunakan fitur selection yaitu Particle swarm Optimization dimana PSO ini penulis gunakan sebagai optimasi.Dari model ke-2 ini diperoleh akurasi sebesar 88,00% untuk SVM + PSO, 88.54%% untuk NB + PSO dan 81.58% untuk K -NN + PSO. Dan setelah dilakukan uji terhadap 2 metode ternyata dapat disimpulkan Naive Bayes + PSO lah yang mempunya tingkat akurasi dan presisi paling tinggi.Dengan hasil yang telah didapatkan , diharapkan kedepannya dengan telah ditemukannya model prediksi yang paling baik maka kedepannya dapat dilakukan Analisa Kembali dengan data-data terbaru.
Detection of Gate Oxide Defects Using Electrochemical Wet Etching in KOH:H2O Solution
Authors: Ohtani N. , Katayama T. , Yamamoto H. , Koyama H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A new way to detect gate oxide defects has been developed. The method, as the article explains, is based on wet chemical etching and is particularly effective for devices with floating gates. Test samples with exposed poly-Si gates are placed in a KOH:H2O solution and a voltage is applied to the silicon substrate. At a certain voltage, normal gates begin to etch, while those shorted to the substrate through gate oxide defects develop an anodic oxide and thus remain unetched. This method has proven effective in assessing gate oxide integrity without direct observation of the oxide, which requires complicated deprocessing and a lot of time. It also reveals electrical characteristics of gate oxides that are difficult to identify by conventional physical analysis.
Prinsip Integration of Economic Development and Environmental Protection Sebagai Bagian Dari Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Tobing Clara Ignatia 
Published: April 2022

Dalam menjaga kelangsungan hidupnya, manusia membutuhkan sumber daya yang disediakan oleh alam. Akan tetapi, seiring berkembangnya populasi manusia menuntut penggunaan sumber daya yang semakin besar juga. Ada satu hal yang kemudian dilupakan oleh manusia, bahwa semua aktivitas manusia mempunyai dampak terhadap lingkungan, langsung atau tidak langsung. Seringkali manusia, sebagai pengguna sumber daya dan tidak pernah memikirkan dampak dari penggunaan sumber daya dan pengeksploitasian lingkungan, yang semakin lama semakin berlebihan. Sementara dalam era globalisasi, pembangunan ekonomi dan industrialisasi seringkali menjadi isu yang lebih penting bagi negara-negara berkembang. Salah satu prinsip dalam hukum internasional yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan antara pembangunan, lingkungan dan hak asasi manusia adalah prinsip integration of environmental protection and economic development. Prinsip ini merupakan salah satu unsur dari sustainable development pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini kemudian menggunakan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan data dan informasi sebagaimana dimuat dalam literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kaitan era antara prinsip integration of environmental protection and economic development dengan Hak Asasi Manusia.
Peran Relawan Politik Dalam Konstelasi Politik Indonesia
Authors: Syauket Amalia 
Published: April 2022

Pemilihan Umum langsung merupakan pilar pertama dalam ber Demokrasi di Indonesia , dengan menganut sistem one man, one vote dimana mengharuskan siapapun yang menginginkan kursi politik dipemerintahan harus mendapat suara pemilih terbanyak. Kehadiran relawan menjadi penting bagi massa yang mendukung salah satu calon baik di Pilkada maupun Pilpres. Fenomena kemunculan deklarasi relawan ini mulai bermunculan setidaknya bisa kita lihat dari berbagai pemberitaan dimedia massa dan media sosial. Kehadiran relawan politik sebagai manifestasi dari meningkatnya partisipasi aktif warga masyarakat dalam berdemokrasi substantial.Relawan politik yang bergerak secara offline maupun online mampu meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat yang menjadi kunci kehadiran model pemerintahan demokrasi ekstra parlementer. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif, peneliti bermaksud menggambarkan bagaimana peran relawan politik dalam konstelasi politik Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Fenomena relawan politik Dalam Konstelasi Politik Indonesia seolah-olah telah menjadi pilar utama pelembagaan demokrasi dengan caranya masing-masing bergerak sendiri untuk mendukung candidat masing-masing sehingga dapat menjadi titik awal dari dinamika transformasi nilai-nilai politis yang bernuasa patrimonial, oligarkis menuju volunterisme dan partisipatoris.
Penyelesaian Ganti Kerugian Dalam Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Penetapan Praperadilan: Studi Di Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Amin Rahman , Iren Manalu  , Winda Apricilya Van Hemert  , Muh Fikri Al Aziz  
Published: April 2022

Negara hukum Indonesia berarti segala hal dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan termasuk proses penegakan hukum dilaksanakan sesuai ketentuan hukum yang berlaku dan terhadap tindakan penangkapan, penahanan, penuntutan serta peradilan terhadap seseorang yang tidak berdasarkan hukum, kesalahan terhadap orang, atau dalam penerapan hukumnya, maka orang tersebut berhak memperoleh ganti rugi guna memberikan keadilan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, dimana bahan hukum diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyelesaian ganti kerugian berdasarkan penetapan praperadilan tidak dapat dilaksanakan oleh Kementerian Keuangan karena belum ada Peraturan Menteri Keuangan sebagai ketentuan pelaksanaan pembayaran ganti kerugian. Faktor penghambat penyelesaian ganti kerugian yaitu faktor substansi hukum yakni Keputusan Menteri Keuangan tentang ganti rugi tidak relevan dengan keadaan saat ini tetapi belum diubah, faktor perbedaan persepsi tentang pihak yang bertanggungjawab dalam penyelesaian ganti kerugian, dan faktor tidak tersedianya anggaran secara khusus dialokasikan untuk penyelesaian ganti kerugian.
5-Aminolevulinic acid–enhanced fluorescence-guided treatment of high-grade glioma using angled endoscopic blue light visualization: technical case series with preliminary follow-up
Authors: Strickland Ben A. , Wedemeyer Michelle , Ruzevick Jacob , Micko Alexander , Shahrestani Shane , Daneshmand Siamak , Shiroishi Mark S. , Hwang Darryl H. , Attenello Frank , Chen Thomas , Zada Gabriel 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)–enhanced fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade glioma (HGG) using microscopic blue light visualization offers the ability to improve extent of resection (EOR); however, few descriptions of HGG resection performed using endoscopic blue light visualization are currently available. In this report, the authors sought to describe their surgical experience and patient outcomes of 5-ALA–enhanced fluorescence-guided resection of HGG using primary or adjunctive endoscopic blue light visualization.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from 30 consecutive patients who underwent 5-ALA–enhanced fluorescence-guided biopsy or resection of newly diagnosed HGG was performed. Patient demographic data, tumor characteristics, surgical technique, EOR, tumor fluorescence patterns, and progression-free survival were recorded.

RESULTS
In total, 30 newly diagnosed HGG patients were included for analysis. The endoscope was utilized for direct 5-ALA–guided port-based biopsy (n = 9), microscopic to endoscopic (M2E; n = 18) resection, or exoscopic to endoscopic (E2E; n = 3) resection. All endoscopic biopsies of fluorescent tissue were diagnostic. 5-ALA–enhanced tumor fluorescence was visible in all glioblastoma cases, but only in 50% of anaplastic astrocytoma cases and no anaplastic oligodendroglioma cases. Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 10 patients in whom complete resection was considered safe, with 11 patients undergoing subtotal resection. In all cases, endoscopic fluorescence was more avid than microscopic fluorescence. The endoscope offered the ability to diagnose and resect additional tumor not visualized by the microscope in 83.3% (n = 10/12) of glioblastoma cases, driven by angled lenses and increased fluorescence facilitated by light source delivery within the cavity. Mean volumetric EOR was 90.7% in all resection patients and 98.8% in patients undergoing planned GTR. No complications were attributable to 5-ALA or blue light endoscopy.

CONCLUSIONS
The blue light endoscope is a viable primary or adjunctive visualization platform for optimization of 5-ALA–enhanced HGG fluorescence. Implementation of the blue light endoscope to guide resection of HGG glioma is feasible and ergonomically favorable, with a potential advantage of enabling increased detection of tumor fluorescence in deep surgical cavities compared to the microscope.
Cervical cerebrospinal fluid venous fistula with syringomyelia treated with suboccipital decompression: illustrative case
Authors: Hsieh Chia-Jung , Kuo Lu-Ting , Lai Dar-Ming , Huang Abel Po-Hao 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) venous fistulas are a recently discovered and underdiagnosed cause of spontaneous spinal CSF leak, which may lead to spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Most cases occur in the thoracic spine, and only 2 cases were reported in the cervical spine. Treatments include the epidural blood patch, fibrin glue injection, and surgical ligation of the fistula.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors report the treatment of a C6–7 CSF venous fistula, for which direct ligation was not feasible, with suboccipital decompression, leading to the complete resolution of the symptoms. Based on the clinical course and outcome in our patient, the authors summarize the previous theory and propose a hypothesis for the pathophysiology of headache and other symptoms in patients with CSF venous fistulas.

LESSONS
The symptoms of CSF venous fistulas may be linked not only to intracranial hypotension but also to the altered CSF dynamics induced by tonsillar herniation. Suboccipital decompression should be considered as a potential treatment option, especially in patients with Valsalva-induced headache who show a poor response to surgical ligation, patients in whom surgical ligation is not feasible, and patients with foramen magnum obstruction. Further investigation of the pathophysiology of CSF venous fistulas is warranted and should be performed in the future.
PulseRider-assisted embolization of a distal anterior cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm: illustrative case
Authors: Dang Huy , Cotton Patrick , Lazaro Tyler , Khan A. Basit , Hoang Alex N. , Tanweer Omar , Raper Daniel M. S. 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
PulseRider is an endovascular device that can be a useful adjunctive device for wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms. However, its use in distal vessels such as the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) has not been widely reported.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors reported the case of a 75-year-old woman who underwent coiling of a 6.9-mm distal ACA aneurysm with PulseRider assistance. Using a partially intraaneurysmal deployment technique, the wide-necked aneurysm was successfully embolized, resulting in Raymond-Roy class II occlusion without intra- or periprocedural complications.

LESSONS
This case illustrates a novel approach to treatment for wide-necked distal ACA aneurysms, which can be challenging to treat via traditional endovascular means. PulseRider can be safely used to treat distal ACA aneurysms with minimal residual aneurysm.
Balamuthia mandrillaris brain infection: a rare cause of a ring-enhancing central nervous system lesion. Illustrative case
Authors: Levinson Simon , Kumar Kevin K. , Wang Hannah , Tayyar Ralph , Dunning Megan , Toland Angus , Budvytiene Indre , Vogel Hannes , Chang Amy , Banaei Niaz , Shuer Lawrence 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
An 80-year-old man presented with subacute mental status change, dizziness, and left-sided vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a ring-enhancing right parietooccipital lesion.

OBSERVATIONS
Biopsy and laboratory testing demonstrated an amoebic Balamuthia mandrillaris infection. Fewer than 200 cases of this infection have been recognized in the United States, and no standardized treatment regimen currently exists.

LESSONS
Rapid antimicrobial therapy with miltefosine, azithromycin, fluconazole, flucytosine, sulfadiazine, and albendazole was initiated. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this infection and the patient’s course were reviewed. The importance of biopsy for pathologic and laboratory diagnosis and rapid treatment initiation with a multidisciplinary team was reinforced.
Arachnoid cyst alone causes hemifacial spasm: illustrative case
Authors: Ozaki Ko , Higuchi Yoshinori , Nakano Shigeki , Horiguchi Kentaro , Yamakami Iwao , Iwadate Yasuo 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) due to an arachnoid cyst at the cerebellopontine angle is rare. Here, the authors reported such a case and analyzed the mechanism of facial nerve hyperactivity by reviewing the literature.

OBSERVATIONS
A 40-year-old man presented with right HFS for the past 3 years. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right cerebellopontine angle cystic mass with high intensity on T2-weighted images, low intensity on T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted images, and no contrast effects. Cyst excision and decompression of the facial nerve using a lateral suboccipital approach to monitor abnormal muscle response (AMR) resulted in permanent relief. The cyst was histologically compatible with an arachnoid cyst.

LESSONS
In the present case, when the cyst was dissected, the AMR disappeared and no offending arteries were detected around the root exit zone. Therefore, the cyst itself was responsible for HFS, for which AMR was useful. Limited cases of HFS due to arachnoid cysts without neurovascular compression have been previously reported. The authors suggested that pulsatile compression by the cyst results in facial nerve hyperactivity and secondary HFS.
Combined C1–2 transarticular screw fixation and C1 laminoplasty with interlaminar bone transplant for retro-odontoid pseudotumor: illustrative case
Authors: Fukunaga Takanori , Yonenobu Kazuo , Sasaki Manabu , Kishima Haruhiko 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
The surgical treatment for retro-odontoid pseudotumor (ROP) remains controversial. Posterior C1 laminectomy without fixation occasionally leads to postoperative enlargement of ROP. Because its pathogenesis is associated with atlantoaxial instability, atlantoaxial fixation with C1 laminectomy is commonly performed. Atlantoaxial fixation usually includes transarticular fixation and screw-rod fixation. However, these methods have some issues. That is, in transarticular fixation with C1 laminectomy, the bone grafting area is challenging to obtain. In screw-rod fixation with C1 laminectomy, extensive bleeding occurs at times if the lateral atlantoaxial joint is exposed to the transplant bone grafts.

OBSERVATIONS
Herein, the authors report a case of ROP treated with combined C1–2 transarticular screw fixation and C1 laminoplasty with interlaminar bone transplant, which can help achieve adequate spinal cord decompression and can simultaneously secure the bone grafting area between the laminae. In addition, the volume of intraoperative blood loss decreased. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed sufficient decompression of the spinal cord at the C1 level, and computed tomography performed after 6 months revealed bone union between the C1 and C2 laminae.

LESSONS
Combined C1–2 transarticular screw fixation and C1 laminoplasty with interlaminar bone transplant is a useful method for ROP.
Melatonin as a microenvironmental cue for parasite development inside the host
Authors: Honorio Rute Isabel , Dias Barbara Karina Menezes , Przyborski Jude Marek , Garcia Celia Regina 
Published: April 2022

Throughout the evolutionary process, parasites have
acquired characteristics that function as survival mechanisms. It has been
reported that melatonin, a molecule present in virtually all living organisms,
has several roles in parasite biology such as preventing tissue damage,
regulating gene expression and inflammatory processes, and acting as a free
radical scavenger. Additionally,
melatonin produced by the hosts accelerates the intra-erythrocytic cycle of the
human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria
parasite P. chabaudi, respectively. These findings have recently led to
an increased research enthusiasm to find how melatonin influences the
biological cycle of parasites. Therefore, this review aims to gather and
analyze the potential relationships of host produced melatonin with the
parasites Plasmodium sp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania
spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Schistosoma mansoni, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Entamoeba
histolytica, respectively.
Cost-effectiveness of Direct Oral Anticoagulant vs. Warfarin Among Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Intermediate Stroke Risk
Authors: Choi Ju Hee , Kim Woojin , Kim Yun Tae , Cho Jaelim , Shin Seung Yong , Kim Changsoo , Kim Jin-Bae 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundSeveral studies have shown the cost-effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), compared with warfarin, to prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) related complications. However, few have reported cost-effectiveness of DOACs in AF patients with intermediate stroke risk. Thus, we investigated the cost-effectiveness of DOACs vs. warfarin in non-valvular AF patients with intermediate stroke risk using national representative data.MethodsWe identified 7,954 newly diagnosed non-valvular AF patients (≥18 years) with intermediate stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc score: 1 for men and 2 for women) using the national healthcare utilization data from August 1, 2016, to July 31, 2019. Annual incidence rate of AF-related composite outcomes (heat failure, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal bleeding) was estimated. Cost-effectiveness was estimated using a Markov chain model with the transition probability of 1 year. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) was set at $32,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.ResultsThe total cost of warfarin, rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban was $2,874, $5,761, $5,151, $5,761 and $5,851, respectively. The QALYs gained were 10.83, 10.95, 11.10, 10.49 and 10.99 years, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of rivaroxaban, apixaban, dabigatran and edoxaban was $29,743.99, $8,426.71, -$8,483.04 and $18,483.55, respectively. The WTP was set at $32,000. DOACs (except dabigatran) were more cost-effective compared with warfarin because they did not exceed the WTP in the base-case analysis.ConclusionOur findings showed that DOACs were more cost-effective than warfarin in non-valvular AF patients with intermediate stroke risk.