bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a big picture of COVID‐19
Authors: Tretter Felix , McIntyre‐Mills Janet J. , Smith Gary R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paper aims to illustrate and explain the problems and opportunities for improvement in Covid management that become evident when taking a systems perspective. Critical time delays occurred in the regulation of the pandemic that themanagement cycle of political cyberneticsmakes explicit. In general, the executive management of the pandemic in global, regional, and national organizations was unprepared in detecting and responding to the onset of the waves and making appropriate decisions towards differential instead of general lockdowns based on available data. This was further complicated by the mutants of SARS‐CoV2 that perpetuated the high dynamics of the pandemic. In addition, the diversity of medical specialisms, without appropriate big picture thinking, led to an imbalanced response that failed to appreciate the role of virology and epidemiology compared to clinical and public health‐related issues. In consequence, laboratory experts suggested everyday regulations for the citizens without taking into account wider considerations for empirical research. There was an insufficient effort made for proposed treatment studies using existing agents based on the established understanding of essential physiology and the role of local and systemic chronic inflammation. In contrast, driven by media popularization, drugs that later proved beneficial were put in doubt and other drugs that lacked benefit and potentially caused harm were driven to clinical trials and utilization. Person‐centered systems view backed by scientific knowledge and established data would have set better priorities. Finally, we need to take a step back and consider the Corona crisis pandemic in the context of the unidimensional utility‐driven handling of natural ecosystems by the culture of industrialized countries. This ever‐accelerating destruction of life spaces for species drives adaptations are the basis of zoonoses. There is strong evidence that future pandemics should be faced with a more systemic socio‐ecological conceptual framework that also reflects the fatal impact of human civilization on natural ecosystems, no matter if SARS CoV2 is a zoonosis or a laboratory accident. It is critical for the future of our species that we collectively learn from this experience, address limitations in our perspectives, enhance our system‐based science and bolster global, regional, and national crisis management. The impact of climate change and biodiversity loss has crossed the horizon and is now clearly in full sight.
Effects of Porous Media on Foam Properties
Authors: Tao Ye , Wang Yazhou , Meng Qingchun , Li Huabin , Guo Fajun , Guo Chengfei , Zhang Xiao , Deng Jinpin , Dong Hua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFoam flooding is an important pathway for enhanced oil recovery. However, the evaluation of foam properties is usually carried out in free space, which can not accurately reflect the performance of foam in porous oil formation. In the present work, by investigating the foamability and stability of foam systems in sand‐pack models with average pore throat radius from 1.24 μm to 4.28 μm, the effects of porous media on foam properties are studied. Compared with foam systems in free space, foam systems in porous media have longer foam half‐life, longer drainage half‐life, and higher foam comprehensive index. The foam volume of foam systems in porous media could be higher or lower than that in free space, depending on the average pore throat radius of the porous media. Generally, in porous media, with the decreasing of pore throat radius, the foamability of the foam systems gradually decreases while the foam stability gradually increases. Moreover, the bubble size and liquid film thickness also decrease with the decreasing of pore throat radius of the porous media. Above all, the behaviors of foams are significantly affected by porous media. When investigating a foam system to evaluate its performance for foam flooding in oil recovery or other applications in porous media, porous models which could reflect the target conditions should be considered to obtain more trustable results.
Greenly Reduced CoFe‐PBA/Nickel Foam: A Robust Dual Electrocatalyst for Solar‐Driven Alkaline Water Electrolysis with a Low Cell Voltage
Authors: Vishnu Bakthavachalam , Mathi Selvam , Sriram Sundarraj , Jayabharathi Jayaraman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopment of eco‐friendly efficient dual electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) gaining increased attention for renewable energy production. Here, the greenly synthesized rCoFe‐PBA was established as durable and effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for HER and OER process. The rCoFe‐PBA coated Nickel foam electrode exhibit overpotential of 311 mV (OER) and 100 mV (HER) @ 10 mA cm−2 significantly lower than commercial IrO2 (381 mV) and near to Pt/C (36 mV). The rCoFe‐PBA show smaller Tafel slope (OER: 57 mV dec−1) than IrO2 (78 mV dec−1) and exhibit Tafel slope of 131 mV dec−1 (HER) which is near to Pt (90 mV dec−1). Turnover frequency (TOF) was estimated as 0.22 s−1 (OER) and 0.26 s−1 (HER) was found to be 5 and 10 times higher than IrO2 catalyst (0.040 s−1) and Pt/C catalyst (0.025 s−1), respectively. For solar water electrolysis, rCoFe‐PBA/NF shows overpotential of 411 mV and durability over 180 h in 1.0 m KOH (4.1 % potential loss). The combination of non‐precious electrolyzer, rCoFe‐PBA with commercial solar cell produced H2 gas in alkaline water under sunlight. This methodology proves that the greenly synthesized rCoFe‐PBA electrolyzer can outperform the precious electrocatalysts, implying that the cost‐effective large scale H2 production without artificial current is possible with commercial solar cells.
K2S2O8‐Promoted Haloamination of Non‐Functionalized Olefins for the Synthesis of 2‐Halomethyl Indolines and 2‐Halomethyl Dihydrobenzofuran
Authors: Liu Ruyan , Wang Yan , Hu Zhouman , Wu Jianglong , Gong Chengwei , Jiang Zishuo , Li Dianjun , Wang Fuqiang , Yang Jinhui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA metal‐free, economical and effective method for intramolecular haloamination/cyclization of non‐functionalized olefins was developed. In the presence of K2S2O8 and sodium halide, 2‐allyl aniline can be converted into corresponding 2‐iodo, bromo and chloromethyl indolines skeleton compounds in good to excellent yields. Mechanism research suggested that the reaction didn't involve radical addition pathway. Introduction
Co‐delivery of Doxycycline, Florfenicol and Silver Nanoparticles using Alginate/Chitosan Nanocarriers
Authors: Son Phan Ke , Thu Huong Le Thi , Minh Nguyen Thi , Thu Trang Mai Thi , Ha Hoang Phuong , Thang To Xuan , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Dang Pham Kim , Thu Ha Phuong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe overuse of antibiotics has led to the sharp increase of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria that can consequently transmit and cause hard‐to‐cure human diseases. To deal with this problem, nano drug delivery systems have been widely researched. This report focuses on developing an Alginate/Chitosan‐based nanosystem that carried simultaneously Doxycycline (DOX), Florfenicol (FLO), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The optimal Alginate/Chitosan ratio of 3 : 2 (w/w) created the most stable nanocarrier system. The fabricated DOX‐FLO@AgNPs had a spherical shape with a small size of about 20 nm and could release slowly DOX and FLO at pH of 7.4 and 5.0.In vitrodrug release kinetics of DOX and FLO from DOX‐FLO@AgNPs fitted best to the Weibull or Higuchi model by the mechanism of the Fickian or non‐Fickian diffusion. The nanosystem of DOX‐FLO@AgNPs had much lower IC50of 0.012±0.001 and 0.08±0.005 μg/mL against E.coliandB.subtilis, respectively, than the conventional form. The FIC50value of smaller than 0.5 μg/mL for 5 out of 6 tested bacteria also indicated the synergistic effect of each component in this antibiotic combination. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay confirmed the viability of 96.4±2.3 % for vero cell line that exposured to the treatment dose. Therefore, these findings strongly suggest that the DOX‐FLO@AgNPs formulation is promising for combined antibiotic drug delivery and silver nanoparticles, and will be worth investigating for furtherin vivopotential.
Lotus Root‐Derived Porous Carbon as an Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Hao , Luo Huan , Teng Jinhan , Yuan Shengxu , Li Jinchao , Zhang Yaping , Duan Hao , Li Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen being used as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), environmental friendly and easily available biomass‐derived carbon materials often suffer from complex preparation conditions, underdeveloped pore structures and relatively low circulation capacities. In this context, three novel biomass‐derived porous carbon materials including LRK‐6, LRK‐7 and LRK‐8 sourced from lotus roots are activated and carbonized by a simple method. The prepared material has a three‐dimensional honeycomb structure. The effects of carbonization temperature on the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the material are investigated in detail. Owing to its high specific surface area (831.017 m2 g−1), appropriate microporous content (0.217 cm3 g−1) and the highest mesopore capacity (0.325 cm3 g−1) together with suitable doping of N and O atoms, the as‐optimized LRK‐7 material shows a reversible specific capacity of 725.25 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 and 614.60 mAh g−1 after 223 cycles at 0.3 A g−1. Besides, LRK‐7 material also exhibits high rate performance, achieving a capacity of 153.5 mAh g−1 at 9.0 A g−1. The results verify that the application of LRK‐7 as a potential anode material in the LIB will embrace a bright future.
DCC Mediated Direct Amidation of NSAID Naproxen, Ibuprofen and Ketoprofen with Secondary Amines
Authors: Mart Mehmet , Karakaya Idris , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDirect and atom‐economical amidation of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs naproxen ibuprofen and ketoprofen with a variety of secondary amines was effected using commercially available DCC under mild and open‐air conditions. These prodrug amides were obtained in good to moderate yields ranging between 30–90 %.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Heteroarylation of Pyridotriazoles
Authors: Rawat Deepa , Semwal Rashmi , Adimurthy Subbarayappa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn efficient and regioselective palladium‐catalyzed C−H heteroarylation of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines with benzo[b]thiophenes and benzothiazoles is described. A series of C‐7 arylated [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines were obtained in moderate to good yields with exclusive regioselectivity and good functional group tolerance. DBU (1,8‐Diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec‐7‐ene) as a base and Ag2CO3 as oxidant are the best combination for the present transformation and avoids the pre‐functionalized substrates. Control experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds through ionic pathway.
Dual‐Use of Seawater Batteries for Energy Storage and Water Desalination
Authors: Arnold Stefanie , Wang Lei , Presser Volker 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeawater batteries are unique energy storage systems for sustainable renewable energy storage by directly utilizing seawater as a source for converting electrical energy and chemical energy. This technology is a sustainable and cost‐effective alternative to lithium‐ion batteries, benefitting from seawater‐abundant sodium as the charge‐transfer ions. Research has significantly improved and revised the performance of this type of battery over the last few years. However, fundamental limitations of the technology remain to be overcome in future studies to make this method even more viable. Disadvantages include degradation of the anode materials or limited membrane stability in aqueous saltwater resulting in low electrochemical performance and low Coulombic efficiency. The use of seawater batteries exceeds the application for energy storage. The electrochemical immobilization of ions intrinsic to the operation of seawater batteries is also an effective mechanism for direct seawater desalination. The high charge/discharge efficiency and energy recovery make seawater batteries an attractive water remediation technology. Here, the seawater battery components and the parameters used to evaluate their energy storage and water desalination performances are reviewed. Approaches to overcoming stability issues and low voltage efficiency are also introduced. Finally, an overview of potential applications, particularly in desalination technology, is provided.
Edge‐oriented N‐Doped WS2 Nanoparticles on Porous Co3N Nanosheets for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution and Nitrogenous Nucleophile Electrooxidation
Authors: Liao Liling , Zhao Yuling , Zhou Haiqing , Li Dongyang , Qi Ying , Zhang Yong , Sun Yang , Zhou Qian , Yu Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEarth‐abundant layered tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a well‐known electrocatalyst for acidic hydrogen evolution, but it becomes rather sluggish for alkaline hydrogen or oxygen evolution due to the low‐density edge sites, poor conductivity, and unfavorable water dissociation behavior. Here, an interfacial engineering strategy to construct an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst by in situ growing N‐doped WS2 nanoparticles on highly conductive cobalt nitride (N‐WS2/Co3N) for concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is demonstrated. Benefiting from the good conductivity of Co3N, rich well‐oriented edge sites and water‐dissociation sites at the nanoscale interfaces between N‐WS2 and Co3N, the resultant N‐WS2/Co3N exhibits remarkable HER activity in 1 m potasium hydroxide (KOH) requiring a small overpotential of 67 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with outstanding long‐term durability at 500 mA cm−2, representing the best alkaline hydrogen‐evolving activity among reported WS2 catalysts. In particular, this hybrid catalyst also shows exceptional catalytic activities toward theurea oxidation reaction featured by very low potentials of 1.378 and 1.41 V to deliver 100 and 500 mA cm−2 along with superb large‐current stability in 1 m KOH + 0.5 m urea. Moreover, the assembled two‐electrode cell delivers the industrially practical current density of 500 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.72 V with excellent durability in alkaline urea‐containing solutions, outperforming most MoS2‐like bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting reported hitherto. This work provides a promising avenue for the development of high‐performance WS2‐based electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting.
Liquid Processing of Interfacially Grown Iron‐Oxide Flowers into 2D‐Platelets Yields Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes with Capacities of Twice the Theoretical Value
Authors: Konkena Bharathi , Kaur Harneet , Tian Ruiyuan , Gabbett Cian , McCrystall Mark , Horvath Dominik Valter , Synnatschke Kevin , Roy Ahin , Smith Ross , Nicolosi Valeria , Scanlon Micheál D. , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIron oxide (Fe2O3) is an abundant and potentially low‐cost material for fabricating lithium‐ion battery anodes. Here, the growth of α‐Fe2O3 nano‐flowers at an electrified liquid–liquid interface is demonstrated. Sonication is used to convert these flowers into quasi‐2D platelets with lateral sizes in the range of hundreds of nanometers and thicknesses in the range of tens of nanometers. These nanoplatelets can be combined with carbon nanotubes to form porous, conductive composites which can be used as electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries. Using a standard activation process, these anodes display good cycling stability, reasonable rate performance and low‐rate capacities approaching 1500 mAh g−1, consistent with the current state‐of‐the‐art for Fe2O3. However, by using an extended activation process, it is found that the morphology of these composites can be significantly changed, rendering the iron oxide amorphous and significantly increasing the porosity and internal surface area. These morphological changes yield anodes with very good cycling stability and low‐rate capacity exceeding 2000 mAh g−1, which is competitive with the best anode materials in the literature. However, the data implies that, after activation, the iron oxide displays a reduced solid‐state lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient resulting in somewhat degraded rate performance.
Seasonal variation in indicator organisms infiltrating from permeable pavement parking lots at the Edison Environmental Center, New Jersey
Authors: Selvakumar Ariamalar , O'Connor Thomas P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFour types of permeable pavements were monitored at the Edison Environmental Center in Edison, New Jersey, for three water quality indicator organisms consisting of fecal coliform, enterococci, and Escherichia coli. This study expands a previously published result based on less than a year of available data. The current study reflects nearly 5 years of data collection with efforts focusing on collection of data in all four seasons to analyze seasonal effects and to understand the effects of pH on infiltrate concentrations. All three indicators were detected in infiltrates from all four permeable surfaces and as well as asphalt and roof runoff. Seasonally, the infiltrate during winter had fewer detections and lower enumerations and was most often significantly different than surface infiltrate and runoff for the other seasons. More significant concentration reductions were observed in summer and fall, and the lowest reduction was observed in winter. Pervious Asphalt treatment removed the most microorganisms for all three indicator organisms. A permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) that was a replacement for pervious concrete during the study performed better than the original PICP most likely due to smaller gap spacing (8 mm compared to 12.7 mm) and correspondingly smaller specified surface aggregate compared to the original PICP. Percent concentration removal reductions based on geometric means were 89% or greater for PC, PA, and PICP for fecal coliform; 75% or better for PC, PA and PICP for E. coli; and 95% or greater for PC and PA for enterococci, while there were no annual removals for enterococci for original or new PICP nor removals for E. coli for original PICP and minimal removal for fecal coliform for original PICP. The major sources of fecal indicators in the stormwater runoff were most likely from the feces of deer, geese, and other wild animals.Practitioner Points

The infiltrate during winter had fewer detections and lower enumerations and was most often significantly different than surface infiltrate and runoff for the other seasons.
More significant concentration reductions were observed in summer and fall, and the lowest reduction was observed in winter.
Pervious Asphalt treatment removed the most microorganisms for all three indicator organisms.
Responding to Climate Change: Why Does It Matter? The Impacts of Climate Change
Authors: Nursey-Bray Melissa , Palmer Robert , Chischilly Ann Marie , Rist Phil , Yin Lun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the factors that drive Indigenous experience with climate change to explain why it matters. We provide examples of the wide range of impacts that Indigenous peoples are experiencing, including impacts on Indigenous knowledge, spirituality and culture, health and socio-economic circumstances.
Country Fertility Transition Patterns
Authors: Bongaarts John , Hodgson Dennis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the fertility transitions of individual countries. Countries are the entities that make policy decisions and implement family planning programs. Each country has a special set of economic, political, social and cultural conditions that influence fertility trends and related policies. We describe levels and trends in fertility in 97 developing countries between 1950 and 2020. Measures related to successive phases of the transitions are provided, including pre-transitional fertility, the timing of the onset, the pace of fertility decline, the timing of the transition’s end and post-transitional fertility. A special section discusses countries that have experienced a “stall” in their fertility transition. Transition patterns varied widely among developing countries over the past seven decades. Countries such as Singapore, Mauritius, Korea, Taiwan, and China experienced early, rapid, and complete transitions. In contrast, transitions in all but one country (South Africa) in sub-Saharan Africa have been late and slow, and fertility today remains well above replacement. Among the 97 countries examined, only 42 have reached the end of the transition, which is defined as having reached a TFR below 2.5 in 2020. The majority of countries are still in transition, and some have barely started a fertility decline.
Random field ϕ3 model and Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetry
Authors: Kaviraj Apratim , Trevisani Emilio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We use the RG framework set up in [1] to explore the ϕ3 theory with a random field interaction. According to the Parisi-Sourlas conjecture this theory admits a fixed point with emergent supersymmetry which is related to the pure Lee-Yang CFT in two less dimensions. We study the model using replica trick and Cardy variables in d = 8 − ϵ where the RG flow is perturbative. Allowed perturbations are singlets under the Sn symmetry that permutes the n replicas. These are decomposed into operators with different scaling dimensions: the lowest dimensional part, ‘leader’, controls the RG flow in the IR; the other operators, ‘followers’, can be neglected. The leaders are classified into: susy-writable, susy-null and non-susy-writable according to their mixing properties. We construct low lying leaders and compute the anomalous dimensions of a number of them. We argue that there is no operator that can destabilize the SUSY RG flow in d ≤ 8. This agrees with the well known numerical result for critical exponents of Branched Polymers (which are in the same universality class as the random field ϕ3 model) that match the ones of the pure Lee-Yang fixed point according to dimensional reduction in all 2 ≤ d ≤ 8. Hence this is a second strong check of the RG framework that was previously shown to correctly predict loss of dimensional reduction in random field Ising model.
Phases of rotating baryonic matter: non-Abelian chiral soliton lattices, antiferro-isospin chains, and ferri/ferromagnetic magnetization
Authors: Eto Minoru , Nishimura Kentaro , Nitta Muneto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A chiral soliton lattice (CSL), proposed as the ground state of rotating baryonic matter at a finite density, is shown to be unstable in a large parameter region for two flavors owing to pion condensations, leading to two types of non-Abelian (NA) CSL phases (dimer and deconfining phases). We determine the phase diagram where the dimer phase meets the other phases and QCD vacuum at three tricritical points. The critical angular velocity of NA-CSLs is lower than that of η-CSL. Each NA soliton carries an isospin, and an antiferro-isospin chain is formed leading to gapless isospinons. The anomalous coupling to the magnetic field makes the NA-CSL (η-CSL) ferrimagnetic (ferromagnetic).