bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetostatic coupling effects on reversal dynamics
Authors: Chen Hao , Jeon So Young , Majetich Sara A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effects of magnetostatic coupling on switching dynamics are investigated for assemblies of patterned disc-shaped magnetic elements using mumax3 micromagnetic simulations. The arrangements of coupled dots were designed using information about the switching fields and reversal dynamics of isolated dots, as well as the magnitude of the magnetic stray fields they generate. The magnetization dynamics for individual dots was examined during a reversal cascade down a linear chain of dots. The magnetization angle fluctuated much more when neighboring dots have opposite magnetization directions, consistent with a lower energy barrier for reversal. The data were analyzed to differentiate thermal and interaction field effects. While many systems of interacting nanomagnets have been analyzed in terms of empirical models, the dynamical energy barrier approach offers a methodology with a more detailed and physically intuitive way to study both simple systems like the chain and more complex assemblies such as artificial spin ice.
Robust electronic and tunable magnetic states in Sm2 NiMnO6 ferromagnetic insulator
Authors: Majumder Supriyo , Tripathi Malvika , Píš I , Nappini S , Rajput P , Jha S N , Choudhary R J , Phase D M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ferromagnetic insulators (FM-Is) are the materials of interest for the new generation quantum electronic applications. Here, we have investigated the physical observables depicting FM-I ground states in epitaxial Sm2NiMnO6 (SNMO) double perovskite thin films fabricated under different conditions to realize the different level of Ni/Mn anti-site disorders (ASDs). The presence of ASDs immensely influence the characteristic magnetic and anisotropy behaviors in SNMO system by introducing short scale antiferromagnetic interactions in predominant long range FM ordered host matrix. Charge disproportion between cation sites, in the form of Ni2+ + Mn4+ → Ni3+ + Mn3+, causes mixed valency in both Ni and Mn species, which is found insensitive to ASD concentrations. Temperature dependent photo emission, photo absorption measurements duly combined with cluster model configuration interaction simulations, suggest that the eigenstates of Ni and Mn cations can be satisfactorily described as a linear combination of the unscreened d

n
and screened

d

n
+
1

L

̲

(

L

̲

: O 2p hole) states. The electronic structure across the Fermi level (E
F) exhibits closely spaced Ni 3d, Mn 3d and O 2p states. From occupied and unoccupied bands, estimated values of the Coulomb repulsion energy (U) and ligand to metal charge transfer energy (Δ), indicate charge transfer insulating nature, where remarkable modification in Ni/Mn 3d—O 2p hybridization takes place across the FM transition temperature. Existence of ASD broadens the Ni, Mn 3d spectral features, whereas the spectral positions are found to be unaltered. Hereby, present work demonstrates SNMO thin film as a FM-I system, where the FM state can be tuned by manipulating ASD in the crystal structure, while the I state remains intact.
Category guided attention network for brain tumor segmentation in MRI
Authors: Li Jiangyun , Yu Hong , Chen Chen , Ding Meng , Zha Sen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used for the analysis and diagnosis of brain diseases. Accurate and automatic brain tumor segmentation is of paramount importance for radiation treatment. However, low tissue contrast in tumor regions makes it a challenging task. Approach. We propose a novel segmentation network named Category Guided Attention U-Net (CGA U-Net). In this model, we design a Supervised Attention Module (SAM) based on the attention mechanism, which can capture more accurate and stable long-range dependency in feature maps without introducing much computational cost. Moreover, we propose an intra-class update approach to reconstruct feature maps by aggregating pixels of the same category. Main results. Experimental results on the BraTS 2019 datasets show that the proposed method outperformers the state-of-the-art algorithms in both segmentation performance and computational complexity. Significance. The CGA U-Net can effectively capture the global semantic information in the MRI image by using the SAM module, while significantly reducing the computational cost. Code is available at https://github.com/delugewalker/CGA-U-Net.
Core transport barriers induced by fast ions in global gyrokinetic GENE simulations
Authors: Di Siena A , Bilato R , Görler T , Poli E , Bañón Navarro A , Jarema D , Jenko F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A novel type of internal transport barrier called F-ATB (fast ion-induced anomalous transport barrier) has been recently observed in state-of-the-art global gyrokinetic simulations on a properly optimized ASDEX Upgrade experiment and presented in Di Siena et al (2021 Phys. Rev. Lett.
127 025002). Unlike the transport barriers previously reported in the literature, the trigger mechanism for the F-ATB has been shown to be a wave-particle resonant interaction between supra-thermal particles—generated via ion cyclotron resonance heating—and ion scale plasma turbulence. This resonant mechanism strongly depends on the particular shape of the fast ion temperature and density profiles. Therefore, to further improve our theoretical understanding of this transport barrier, we present results exploring the parameter space and physical conditions for the F-ATB generation by performing a systematic study with global GENE simulations. Particular emphasis is given to the transport barrier width and its localization by scanning over different energetic particle temperature profiles. The latter are varied in amplitude, half-width, and radial localization of an ad-hoc Gaussian-like energetic particle logarithmic temperature gradient profile. For the reference parameters at hand, a threshold in the ratio between the fast ion and electron temperature and the amplitude of the fast ion logarithmic temperature gradient is identified to trigger the transport barrier effectively. The role of q = 1 rational surface to the transport barrier formation is investigated as well by retaining electromagnetic effects and its impact found to be negligible for this particular barrier formation mechanism.
Vacuum energy and renormalization of the field-independent term
Authors: Márián I.G. , Jentschura U.D. , Defenu N. , Trombettoni A. , Nándori I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to its construction, the nonperturbative renormalization
group (RG) evolution of the constant, field-independent term (which is constant
with respect to field variations but depends on the RG scale k) requires
special care within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) approach.
In several instances, the constant term of the potential has no
physical meaning. However, there are special cases where it receives important
applications. In low dimensions (d = 1), in a quantum mechanical model, this
term is associated with the ground-state energy of the anharmonic oscillator.
In higher dimensions (d = 4), it is identical to the Λ term

of the Einstein equations
and it plays a role in cosmic inflation. Thus, in
statistical field theory, in flat space, the constant term could be associated
with the free energy, while in curved space, it could be naturally associated
with the cosmological constant. It is known that one has to use a subtraction
method for the quantum anharmonic oscillator in d = 1 to remove the k
2

term that appears in the RG
flow in its high-energy (UV) limit in order to recover the
correct results for the ground-state energy. The subtraction is needed because
the Gaussian fixed point is missing in the RG flow once the constant term is
included. However, if the Gaussian fixed point is there, no further
subtraction is required. Here, we propose a subtraction method for k
4 and
k
2 terms of the UV scaling of the RG equations for d = 4 dimensions if the
Gaussian fixed point is missing in the RG flow with the constant term. Finally,
comments on the application of our results to cosmological models are provided.
Yoga Dark Energy: natural relaxation and other dark implications of a supersymmetric gravity sector
Authors: Burgess C.P. , Dineen Danielle , Quevedo F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We construct a class of 4D 'yoga' (naturally relaxed) models for which the gravitational response of heavy-particle vacuum energies is strongly suppressed. The models contain three ingredients: (i) a relaxation mechanism driven by a scalar field (the 'relaxon'), (ii) a very supersymmetric gravity sector coupled to the Standard Model in which supersymmetry is non-linearly realised, and (iii) an accidental approximate scale invariance expressed through the presence of a low-energy dilaton supermultiplet. All three are common in higher-dimensional and string constructions and although none suffices on its own, taken together they can dramatically suppress the net vacuum-energy density. The dilaton's vev τ determines the weak scale M
W ∼ M
p/√τ. We compute the potential for τ and find it can be stabilized in a local de Sitter minimum at sufficiently large field values to explain the size of the electroweak hierarchy, doing so using input parameters no larger than O(60) because the relevant part of the scalar potential arises as a rational function of lnτ. The de Sitter vacuum energy at the minimum is order c M
8
W α 1/τ
4, with a coefficient c ≪ 𝒪(M
W
-4). We discuss ways to achieve c ∼ 1/M
p
4 as required by observations. Scale invariance implies the dilaton couples to matter like a Brans-Dicke scalar with coupling large enough to be naively ruled out by solar-system tests of gravity. Yet because it comes paired with an axion it can evade fifth-force bounds through the novel screening mechanism described in arXiv:2110.10352. Cosmological axio-dilaton evolution predicts a natural quintessence model for Dark Energy, whose evolution might realize recent proposals to resolve the Hubble tension, and whose axion contributes to Dark Matter. We summarize inflationary implications and some remaining challenges, including the unusual supersymmetry breaking regime used and the potential for UV completions of our approach.
Modeling of deuterium and carbon radiation transport in MAST-U tokamak advanced divertors
Authors: Soukhanovskii V.A. , Khrabry A.I. , Scott H.A. , Rognlien T.D. , Moulton D. , Harrison J.R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Modest effects of deuterium and carbon radiation opacity in the Super-X and snowflake divertor plasmas are predicted for MAST Upgrade tokamak with core plasma input power 2.5–5 MW and plasma current 1 MA. The radiation transport modeling is based on the SOLPS-EIRENE and UEDGE code divertor plasma predictions. Two radiation transport models are used: one is based on a full radiation transport equation implemented in the radiation transport and collisional-radiative code CRETIN (without feedback on the background plasma), and another is an internal self-consistent UEDGE model with ionization, recombination, and heating rates corrected for Ly
α
line trapping based on the escape probability model implemented in CRETIN. In MAST-U, the Super-X and snowflake divertor plasmas are predicted to reach detached regimes at lower upstream densities than the standard divertor, and the conclusion still holds with radiation transport effects included. At neutral densities

⩽
1

0

20

m−3, modest Ly
α
deuterium line trapping with optical depths 10–15 is predicted in the Super-X divertor. Divertor plasmas are optically thin to other Lyman and Balmer lines, as well as to strong C III and C IV lines that are responsible for most of divertor radiated power. Insignificant changes (within a few percent) to divertor deuterium ionization and recombination rates are found. Radiation fluxes on outer divertor target are modified within a factor of 2–3 when the radiation transport is accounted for, and a similar variation is found due to the line shape models that define the absorption and emission line profiles in the radiation transport modeling. The predicted Lyman and Balmer spectral intensities are significantly modified due to radiation trapping. A measurement of divertor radiation transport effects is discussed using the Ly
β
/Ba
α
line ratio. In the snowflake divertor configuration, divertor plasmas are found to be optically thin to Lyman series lines within a large range of parameter variations that include upstream density, divertor transport coefficients, and magnetic configurations. Modest radiation transport effects are only found in a few cases with strongest divertor transport and magnetic configurations closest to the ideal snowflake configuration, however, the plasma background models that were used are yet to be validated with an experiment.
Cardiometabolic Pregnancy Complications in Association With Autism-Related Traits as Measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale in ECHO
Authors: Lyall Kristen , Ning Xuejuan , Aschner Judy L , Avalos Lyndsay A , Bennett Deborah H , Bilder Deborah A , Bush Nicole R , Carroll Kecia N , Chu Su H , Croen Lisa A , Dabelea Dana , Daniels Julie L , Duarte Christiane , Elliott Amy J , Fallin M Daniele , Ferrara Assiamira , Hertz-Picciotto Irva , Hipwell Alison E , Jensen Elizabeth T , Johnson Susan L , Joseph Robert M , Karagas Margaret , Kelly Rachel S , Lester Barry M , Margolis Amy , McEvoy Cindy T , Messinger Daniel , Neiderhiser Jenae M , O’Connor Thomas G , Oken Emily , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Schmidt Rebecca J , Sheinkopf Stephen J , Talge Nicole M , Turi Kedir N , Wright Rosalind J , Zhao Qi , Newschaffer Craig , Volk Heather E , Ladd-Acosta Christine , Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes on behalf of program collaborators for 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Prior work has examined associations between cardiometabolic pregnancy complications and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but not how these complications may relate to social communication traits more broadly. We addressed this question within the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes program, with 6,778 participants from 40 cohorts conducted from 1998–2021 with information on ASD-related traits via the Social Responsiveness Scale. Four metabolic pregnancy complications were examined individually, and combined, in association with Social Responsiveness Scale scores, using crude and adjusted linear regression as well as quantile regression analyses. We also examined associations stratified by ASD diagnosis, and potential mediation by preterm birth and low birth weight, and modification by child sex and enriched risk of ASD. Increases in ASD-related traits were associated with obesity (β = 4.64, 95% confidence interval: 3.27, 6.01) and gestational diabetes (β = 5.21, 95% confidence interval: 2.41, 8.02), specifically, but not with hypertension or preeclampsia. Results among children without ASD were similar to main analyses, but weaker among ASD cases. There was not strong evidence for mediation or modification. Results suggest that common cardiometabolic pregnancy complications may influence child ASD-related traits, not only above a diagnostic threshold relevant to ASD but also across the population.
Evaluating bat boxes: design and placement alter bioenergetic costs and overheating risk
Authors: Crawford Reed D , Dodd Luke E , Tillman Francis E , O’Keefe Joy M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bat box microclimates vary spatially and temporally in temperature suitability. This heterogeneity subjects roosting bats to a variety of thermoregulatory challenges (e.g. heat and cold stress). Understanding how different bat box designs, landscape placements, weather and bat use affect temperature suitability and energy expenditure is critical to promote safe and beneficial artificial roosting habitat for species of conservation concern. From April to September 2019, we systematically deployed 480 temperature dataloggers among 40 rocket box style bat boxes of 5 designs and regularly monitored bat abundance. We used bioenergetic models to assess energy costs for endothermic and heterothermic bats and modelled the overheating risk for each box as a function of design, placement, bat abundance and weather. For endothermic bats, predicted daily energy expenditure was lower for solar-exposed placements, large group sizes and a box design with enhanced thermal mass. For heterothermic bats, shaded landscape placements were the most energetically beneficial and bat box design was not important, because all designs generally offered microclimates suitable for torpor use at some position within the box. Overheating risk was highest for solar-exposed landscape placements and for designs lacking modifications to buffer temperature, and with increasing bat abundance, increasing ambient temperature and slower wind speeds. The external water jacket design, with the greatest thermal mass, concomitantly decreased overheating risk and endothermic energy expenditure. By assessing bat box suitability from two physiological perspectives, we provide a robust method to assess the conservation value of bat box design and placement strategies. We recommend future studies examine how changing thermal mass and conductance can be used to diminish overheating risk while also enhancing the effects of social thermoregulation for bat box users.
Right atrial strain and cardiovascular outcome in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Anwer Shehab , Guastafierro Francesca , Erhart Ladina , Costa Sarah , Akdis Deniz , Schuermann Manuel , Hosseini Sara , Winkler Neria E , Kuzo Nazar , Gasperetti Alessio , Brunckhorst Corinna , Duru Firat , Saguner Ardan M , Tanner Felix C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is characterized by progressive fibro-fatty infiltration of the myocardium and associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. This study aims to examine right atrial (RA) deformation in ARVC and understand its association with CV outcomes.

Methods and results
RA strain was determined in 50 patients with definite ARVC, compared with a matched control group of 50 healthy individuals, and analysed for outcome association over a median follow-up duration of 5 years. A subgroup of 30 ARVC patients with normal RA volume (ARVC-N group) was compared with 30 matched controls (Control-N), and the outcome was analysed separately. RA reservoir, conduit, and pump strain were significantly impaired in ARVC vs. control. Similar observations were made in the N-ARVC subgroup. Reservoir strain was associated with an increased risk of atrial arrhythmia (AA) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, P &lt; 0.01] and CV events (HR 0.92, P &lt; 0.01). Conduit strain also predicted AA (HR 1.02, P &lt; 0.01), while pump strain predicted CV events (HR 1.09, P = 0.02). Reservoir strain improved the fitness of bivariable models for the association of RV end-diastolic area index, RV fractional area change, and RV global longitudinal strain with CV events.

Conclusion
ARVC patients display impaired RA strain even when RA volume is normal. Reservoir and pump strain are associated with an increased risk of CV events. Reservoir strain improved model fitness for the association of RVGLS and other echocardiographic parameters with CV events.
Allometric Relationships for Predicting Aboveground Biomass, Sapwood, and Leaf Area of Two-Needle Piñon Pine (Pinus edulis) Amid Open-Grown Conditions in Central New Mexico
Authors: McIntire Cameron D , Cunliffe Andrew M , Boschetti Fabio , Litvak Marcy E 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPinus edulis Engelm. is a short-stature, drought-tolerant tree species that is abundant in piñon-juniper woodlands throughout semiarid ecosystems of the American Southwest. P. edulis is a model species among ecophysiological disciplines, with considerable research focus given to hydraulic functioning and carbon partitioning relating to mechanisms of tree mortality. Many ecological studies require robust estimates of tree structural traits such as biomass, active sapwood area, and leaf area. We harvested twenty trees from Central New Mexico ranging in size from 1.3 to 22.7 cm root crown diameter (RCD) to derive allometric relationships from measurements of RCD, maximum height, canopy area (CA), aboveground biomass (AGB), sapwood area (AS), and leaf area (AL). Total foliar mass was measured from a subset of individuals and scaled to AL from estimates of leaf mass per area. We report a strong nonlinear relationship to AGB as a function of both RCD and height, whereas CA scaled linearly. Total AS expressed a power relationship with RCD. Both AS and CA exhibited strong linear relationships with AL (R2 = 0.99), whereas RCD increased nonlinearly with AL. We improve on current models by expanding the size range of sampled trees and supplement the existing literature for this species.Study Implications: Land managers need to better understand carbon and water dynamics in changing ecosystems to understand how those ecosystems can be sustainably used now and in the future. This study of two-needle pinon (Pinus edulis Engelm.) trees in New Mexico, USA, uses observations from unoccupied aerial vehicles, field measurements, and harvesting followed by laboratory analysis to develop allometric models for this widespread species. These models can be used to understand plant traits such biomass partitioning and sap flow, which in turn will help scientists and land managers better understand the ecosystem services provided by pinon pine across North America.
The trial of Thomas Frogbrook: bestiality and the law in an early sixteenth-century English rural community
Authors: Wingard Tess 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines the gap between legal theory and practice regarding bestiality in late medieval England. It focuses on a microhistorical analysis of a 1520 trial heard in Chichester consistory court, integrating other archival documents, legislation and legal commentaries to illustrate local and national contexts. I argue first that personal enmity rather than a moralizing agenda was the primary motivating factor in this case, and second that this trial illustrates the broader limitations of English church courts and the system of canon law in affecting popular attitudes to ‘unnatural’ intercourse and in the suppression of such acts.
Assessments of Digital Client Representations: How Frontline Workers Reconstruct Client Narratives from Fragmented Information
Authors: Løberg Ida Bring 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Street-level bureaucrats assess increasing amounts of digital, often text-based, client representations. These representations have been criticized for oversimplification. However, frontline workers have also been known to develop simplified perceptions, or “shortcuts,” in their work. This study explores frontline workers’ assessments of digital client representations using observations of 15 needs assessments and 7 follow-up interviews from the Norwegian Labor and Welfare Administration (NAV). Based on simple information garnered from an online registration, workers decide how much assistance clients need from NAV to find work. Findings show that the online registration deconstructs client narratives into separate pieces of information, which the workers attempt to reconstruct back into coherent narratives. Using a street-level perspective, this article argues that the reconstructions are coping responses to fragmented information. Unlike traditional simplification responses, the workers complicate their perceptions of clients in the assessments. That is, street-level bureaucrats take “detours” to provide responsive services and manage the limitations of electronic government. Thus, this article provides an empirical contribution that also forms the basis for abductive theorization and suggests that the conceptual boundaries of coping strategies should be expanded to include “complication responses.” In contrast to the emphasis on face-to-face meetings in street-level literature, this article highlights the importance of texts.