bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling LIPSS formation on Ni surface using near-infrared laser beam and its low-order harmonics
Authors: Khalil Baha , Boltaev Ganjaboy S , Abu Baker Aya , Abbasi Naveed , Alnaser Ali S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ultrafast laser ablation of metal surfaces is a common physical process used to generate periodic surface structures with tuneable multifunctionality for various applications in science and technology. In this work, the formation of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) is investigated with 50 kHz repetition rate laser of 40 fs pulse duration and a central wavelength (

λ

w

=
1030

nm

) along with its second (

λ

2

w

=
515

nm

) and third

(

λ

3

w

=
343

nm

) harmonic components. The variation in the LIPSS periodicity is demonstrated by changing the wavelength of the ablating laser pulses. LIPSS with periodicity ∼0.85

μ

m at the fundamental ablating pulses, ∼0.42

μ

m periodicity at the second harmonic, and ∼0.35

μ

m periodicity at the third harmonic were observed. The third harmonic radiation was generated in an air-filament with minimal temporal delay with respect to the fundamental driving pulses to structure Nickel surfaces at ambient conditions. The approach demonstrates the potential for generating very fine LIPSS on materials’ surfaces using the efficient high-order harmonics of an infrared fundamental laser beam.
Application of impedance spectroscopy in exploring electrical properties of dielectric materials under high pressure
Authors: Zhao Lin , Liu Hao , Tong Shuang , Wang Jia , Han Tao , Liu Cailong , Gao Chunxiao , Han Yonghao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy (IS) is an indispensable method of exploring electrical properties of materials. In this review, we provide an overview on the specific applications of IS measurement in the investigations of various electrical properties of materials under high pressure, including electric conduction in bulk and grain boundary, dielectric properties, ionic conduction, and electrostrictive effect. Related studies are summarized to demonstrate the method of analyzing different electrical transport processes with various designed equivalent circuits of IS and reveal some interesting phenomena of electrical properties of materials under high pressure.
Soft-margin hyperdisk tensor machine and its application to the intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery
Authors: Liu Hailong , Yang Yu , Hu Niaoqing , Cheng Zhe , Cheng Junsheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Compared with a support vector machine, a hyperdisk (HD) classification model is a more effective model for intelligent fault diagnosis. But due to its defect of a hard margin, the formed category area sometimes does not approximate the real category area well, which means that the HD model has poor anti-interference ability, generalization ability and stability. Therefore, in order to overcome the above defects, a soft-margin HD tensor machine (SHDTM) is proposed. Firstly, by introducing the adaptive weight, the HD margin can be adaptively adjusted, that is, the details of the HD margin are added to obtain a soft margin so that it can better approximate the real category region and improve its anti-interference ability for outliers and samples with noise. Secondly, the model input is extended from vector data to tensor data. This can further improve the generalization ability and stability of the model by increasing the richness of the input information. The results of the rotating machinery fault diagnosis experiments fully prove the effectiveness of the proposed model. The SHDTM model has excellent resistance to outliers and noise interference, and also obtains good diagnostic results when diagnosing unbalanced datasets.
Progress on the electro-thermo-mechanical instability and its role as seed on plasma instabilities
Authors: Kaselouris E , Skoulakis A , Dimitriou V , Fitilis I , Chatzakis J , Bakarezos M , Papadogiannis N A , Tatarakis M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that a newly explored instability, which was named electro-thermo-mechanical (ETM) instability, was developed in the solid elastic phase in the case of an electrically exploded conductor in the skin effect mode. Here, we present new advances in the exploration of the role of the ETM instability as seed of the magneto-hydro-dynamic instabilities that are later observed in the plasma phase. Our study, through analytical calculations, simulations and experiments, demonstrates the whole evolution dynamics of the instability amplitude, from the solid to the plasma phase, including the phase transitions. It is validated that the sustained axial wavelength modes in the plasma phase lie in the range of values of those of the ETM instability developed in the solid phase. The results are of significant importance for understanding the role of the ETM instability as seeding for the later observed instabilities in the plasma phase.
Acceleration of polaron induced by site effective mass increment in organic ferromagnets
Authors: Miao Yuanyuan , Yu Daiwei , Li Dan , Zhang Huiqing , Ren Junfeng , Hu Guichao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The polaron dynamics in organic ferromagnets (OFs) is investigated theoretically by considering the increment of site effective mass originating from the attachment of spin radicals. In spite of the increase of polaron effective mass, the results reveal two opposite effects on the polaron velocity caused by the increment of site effective mass. One is the normal decrease of the polaron velocity with the increment of site effective mass. The other is the abrupt acceleration of the polaron from below the sound velocity to the supersonic velocity upon a critical value of the site effective mass increment. Mechanism analysis shows that the acceleration of the polaron is attributed to the reduction of critical decoupling field for optical and acoustic deformations caused by the site effective mass increment. The second effect further depends on the polaron spin due to the existence of spin-dependent intrinsic dipole of the polarons. This work indicates the potential of high polaron mobility and efficient spin filtering effect under low electric fields in OFs.
Amyloid-β levels and cognitive trajectories in non-demented pTau181-positive subjects without amyloidopathy
Authors: Oberstein Timo Jan , Schmidt Manuel Alexander , Florvaag Anna , Haas Anna-Lena , Siegmann Eva-Maria , Olm Pauline , Utz Janine , Spitzer Philipp , Doerfler Arnd , Lewczuk Piotr , Kornhuber Johannes , Maler Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhosphorylated Tau181 (pTau181) in CSF and recently in plasma has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease. In the absence of amyloidopathy, individuals with increased total Tau levels and/or temporal lobe atrophy experience no or only mild cognitive decline compared with biomarker-negative controls, leading to the proposal to categorize this constellation as suspected non-Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology (SNAP). We investigated whether the characteristics of SNAP also applied to individuals with increased CSF-pTau181 without amyloidopathy.In this long-term observational study, 285 non-demented individuals, including 76 individuals with subjective cognitive impairment and 209 individuals with mild cognitive impairment, were classified based on their CSF levels of pTau181 (T), total Tau (N), amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (A) into A+T+N±, A+T–N±, A–T+N±, and A–T–N–. The longitudinal analysis included 154 subjects with a follow-up of more than 12 months who were followed to a median of 4.6 years (interquartile range = 4.3 years). We employed linear mixed models on psychometric tests and region of interest analysis of structural MRI data.Cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy rate were significantly higher in A+T+N± compared to A–T+N±, whereas there was no difference between A–T+N± and A–T–N–. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between A–T+N± and controls in dementia risk [hazard ratio 0.3, 95% confidence interval (0.1, 1.9)]. However, A–T+N± and A–T–N– could be distinguished based on their Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels. Both Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were significantly increased in A–T+N± compared to controls.Long term follow-up of A–T+N± individuals revealed no evidence that this biomarker constellation was associated with dementia or more severe hippocampal atrophy rates compared to controls. However, because of the positive association of pTau181 with Aβ in the A–T+N± group, a link to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease cannot be excluded in this case. We propose to refer to these individuals in the SNAP group as ‘pTau and Aβ surge with subtle deterioration’ (PASSED).The investigation of the circumstances of simultaneous elevation of pTau and Aβ might provide a deeper insight into the process under which Aβ becomes pathological.
Exposure to phenytoin associates with a lower risk of post-COVID cognitive deficits: a cohort study
Authors: Taquet Maxime , Harrison Paul J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPost-COVID cognitive deficits (often referred to as ‘brain fog’) are common and have large impacts on patients’ level of functioning. No specific intervention exists to mitigate this burden.This study tested the hypothesis, inspired by recent experimental research, that post-COVID cognitive deficits can be prevented by inhibiting receptor-interacting protein kinase. Using electronic health record data, we compared the cognitive outcomes of propensity score-matched cohorts of patients with epilepsy taking phenytoin (a commonly used receptor-interacting protein kinase inhibitor) versus valproate or levetiracetam at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. Patients taking phenytoin at the time of COVID-19 were at a significantly lower risk of cognitive deficits in the 6 months after COVID-19 infection than a matched cohort of patients receiving levetiracetam (hazard ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.97, P = 0.024) or valproate (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.58–0.93, P = 0.011). In secondary analyses, results were robust when controlling for subtype of epilepsy, and showed specificity to cognitive deficits in that similar associations were not seen with other ‘long-COVID’ outcomes such as persistent breathlessness or pain. These findings provide pharmacoepidemiological support for the hypothesis that receptor-interacting protein kinase signaling is involved in post-COVID cognitive deficits. These results should prompt empirical investigations of receptor-interacting protein kinase inhibitors in the prevention of post-COVID cognitive deficits.
Transient disruption of functional connectivity and depression of neural fluctuations in a mouse model of acute septic encephalopathy
Authors: Brier L M , Chen S , Sherafati A , Bice A R , Lee J M , Culver J P 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeptic encephalopathy leads to major and costly burdens for a large percentage of admitted hospital patients. Elderly patients are at an increased risk, especially those with dementia. Current treatments are aimed at sedation to combat mental status changes and are not aimed at the underlying cause of encephalopathy. Indeed, the underlying pathology linking together peripheral infection and altered neural function has not been established, largely because good, acutely accessible readouts of encephalopathy in animal models do not exist. Behavioral testing in animals lasts multiple days, outlasting the time frame of acute encephalopathy. Here, we propose optical fluorescent imaging of neural functional connectivity (FC) as a readout of encephalopathy in a mouse model of acute sepsis. Imaging and basic behavioral assessment were performed at baseline, Hr8, Hr24, and Hr72 following injection of either lipopolysaccharide or phosphate buffered saline. Neural FC strength decreased at Hr8 and returned to baseline by Hr72 in motor, somatosensory, parietal, and visual cortical regions. Additionally, neural fluctuations transiently declined at Hr8 and returned to baseline by Hr72. Both FC strength and fluctuation tone correlated with neuroscore indicating this imaging methodology is a sensitive and acute readout of encephalopathy.
Site-dependent shaping of field potential waveforms
Authors: Herreras Oscar , Torres Daniel , Martín-Vázquez Gonzalo , Hernández-Recio Sara , López-Madrona Víctor J , Benito Nuria , Makarov Valeri A , Makarova Julia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe activity of neuron populations gives rise to field potentials (FPs) that extend beyond the sources. Their mixing in the volume dilutes the original temporal motifs in a site-dependent manner, a fact that has received little attention. And yet, it potentially rids of physiological significance the time-frequency parameters of individual waves (amplitude, phase, duration). This is most likely to happen when a single source or a local origin is erroneously assumed. Recent studies using spatial treatment of these signals and anatomically realistic modeling of neuron aggregates provide convincing evidence for the multisource origin and site-dependent blend of FPs. Thus, FPs generated in primary structures like the neocortex and hippocampus reach far and cross-contaminate each other but also, they add and even impose their temporal traits on distant regions. Furthermore, both structures house neurons that act as spatially distinct (but overlapped) FP sources whose activation is state, region, and time dependent, making the composition of so-called local FPs highly volatile and strongly site dependent. Since the spatial reach cannot be predicted without source geometry, it is important to assess whether waveforms and temporal motifs arise from a single source; otherwise, those from each of the co-active sources should be sought.
Neural decoding dissociates perceptual grouping between proximity and similarity in visual perception
Authors: Hua Lin , Gao Fei , Leong Chantat , Yuan Zhen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnlike single grouping principle, cognitive neural mechanism underlying the dissociation across two or more grouping principles is still unclear. In this study, a dimotif lattice paradigm that can adjust the strength of one grouping principle was used to inspect how, when, and where the processing of two grouping principles (proximity and similarity) were carried out in human brain. Our psychophysical findings demonstrated that similarity grouping effect was enhanced with reduced proximity effect when the grouping cues of proximity and similarity were presented simultaneously. Meanwhile, EEG decoding was performed to reveal the specific cognitive patterns involved in each principle by using time-resolved MVPA. More importantly, the onsets of dissociation between 2 grouping principles coincided within 3 time windows: the early-stage proximity-defined local visual element arrangement in middle occipital cortex, the middle-stage processing for feature selection modulating low-level visual cortex such as inferior occipital cortex and fusiform cortex, and the high-level cognitive integration to make decisions for specific grouping preference in the parietal areas. In addition, it was discovered that the brain responses were highly correlated with behavioral grouping. Therefore, our study provides direct evidence for a link between the human perceptual space of grouping decision-making and neural space of brain activation patterns.
Early-onset post-cardiotomy severe constrictive pericarditis: a case report
Authors: Mikhail Philopatir , Meere William , Howden Nicklas , Spina Roberto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Constrictive pericarditis (CP) can be one of the most challenging conditions to diagnose within cardiovascular medicine. Iatrogenic causes of CP are increasingly recognized in higher income countries. This case provides insight into the need for clinical suspicion when diagnosing this relatively under recognized clinical entity as well as the need for multimodality imaging combined with invasive haemodynamic assessment.

Case summary
A 68-year-old man presented with decompensated heart failure 4 weeks after open-heart surgery. A diagnosis of early-onset post-cardiotomy CP was made using multimodality imaging and invasive haemodynamic assessment, which demonstrated the cardinal features of constrictive physiology. Surgical intervention with two pericardiectomy procedures was pursued given the aggressive and recalcitrant nature of his presentation. Our patient died shortly after his second surgery due to progressive multi-organ dysfunction.

Conclusion
Constrictive pericarditis is a challenging but important clinical entity to diagnose. Differentiating CP from restrictive cardiomyopathy is important as there are key differences in management and prognosis. Our case supports the clinical utility of multimodality imaging combined with invasive haemodynamic assessment in patients with suspected CP.
Trametinib as a promising therapeutic option in alleviating vascular defects in an endothelial KRAS-induced mouse model
Authors: Nguyen Ha-Long , Boon Laurence M , Vikkula Miikka 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Somatic activating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) mutations have been reported in patients with arteriovenous malformations. By producing LSL-Kras (G12D); Cdh5 (PAC)-CreERT2 [iEC-Kras (G12D*)] mice, we hoped to activate KRAS within vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to generate an arteriovenous malformation mouse model. Neonatal mice were treated daily with tamoxifen from postnatal (PN) days 1–3. Mortality and phenotypes varied amongst iEC-Kras (G12D*) pups, with only 31.5% surviving at PN14. Phenotypes (focal lesions, vessel dilations) developed in a consistent manner, although with unpredictable severity within multiple soft tissues (such as the brain, liver, heart and brain). Overall, iEC-Kras (G12D*) pups developed significantly larger vascular lumen areas compared with control littermates, beginning at PN8. We subsequently tested whether the MEK inhibitor trametinib could effectively alleviate lesion progression. At PN16, iEC-Kras (G12D*) pup survival improved to 76.9%, and average vessel sizes were closer to controls than in untreated and vehicle-treated mutants. In addition, trametinib treatment helped normalize iEC-Kras (G12D*) vessel morphology in PN14 brains. Thus, trametinib could act as an effective therapy for KRAS-induced vascular malformations in patients.
Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity: systematic review
Authors: Maan Gozun , Keitoku Koichi , Kimura Nobuhiko , Sawada Haruki , Pham Andrew , Yeo Jihun , Hagiya Hideharu , Nishimura Yoshito 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity (CIN) has been well acknowledged among clinicians, although there are no clear diagnostic criteria or specific laboratory testing to help with its diagnosis. We aimed to summarize the existing evidence regarding CIN and provide future agendas for research.

Methods
Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we searched MEDLINE and Embase for all peer-reviewed articles using keywords including ‘cefepime’, ‘neurotoxicity’, ‘encephalopathy’ and ‘seizure’, from their inception to 20 January 2022.

Results
We included 92 articles, including 23 observational studies and 69 cases from case reports and case series, in the systematic review. Among 119 patients with CIN, 23.5% were in the ICU at the time of diagnosis and nearly 90% of the cases showed renal dysfunction.
Cefepime overdoses were described in 41%. The median latency period of developing CIN from cefepime initiation was 4 days, and about 12% developed CIN during empirical treatment. CIN patients commonly manifested altered mental status (93%), myoclonus (37%) and non-convulsive seizure epilepticus (28%). A serum cefepime trough level of &gt;20 mg/L would put patients at risk for CIN. CIN-related symptoms were ameliorated in 97.5% by dose reduction or discontinuation of cefepime, with median time to improvement of 3 days. No CIN-associated deaths were reported.

Conclusions
This systematic review summarizes the current evidence and characteristics of CIN. In the current situation where there are no CIN diagnostic criteria and the drug monitoring platform is not routinely available, candidates for cefepime should be carefully selected. Also, based on these findings, it needs to be appropriately dosed to avoid the development of CIN.
In vitro activity of fosfomycin against bacterial pathogens isolated from urine specimens in Canada from 2007 to 2020: CANWARD surveillance study
Authors: Karlowsky James A , Baxter Melanie R , Walkty Andrew J , Lagacé-Wiens Philippe R S , Bay Denice , Adam Heather J , Zhanel George G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Multiple susceptible breakpoints are published to interpret fosfomycin MICs: ≤64 mg/L for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis grown from urine (CLSI M100); ≤32 mg/L for Enterobacterales and staphylococci when parenteral fosfomycin is prescribed (EUCAST); and ≤8 mg/L for uncomplicated urinary tract infection with E. coli when oral fosfomycin is used (EUCAST). Clinical laboratories are frequently requested to test fosfomycin against antimicrobial-resistant urinary isolates not included in standard documents.

Methods
The in vitro activity of fosfomycin was determined using the CLSI agar dilution method for a 2007–20 collection of clinically significant Gram-negative (3656 Enterobacterales; 140 Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (346 E. faecalis; 94 Staphylococcus aureus) urinary isolates from the CANWARD surveillance study. Comparator agents were tested using CLSI broth microdilution.

Results
Using the CLSI MIC breakpoint (≤64 mg/L), 99.2% of E. coli (n = 2871; MIC90, 4 mg/L), including 96.7% of ESBL-positive isolates, were fosfomycin susceptible. Similarly, 95.8% of E. coli, including 95.2% of ESBL-positive isolates, were fosfomycin susceptible at ≤8 mg/L (EUCAST oral susceptible MIC breakpoint). All other species of Enterobacterales (except Citrobacter freundii) and P. aeruginosa had higher fosfomycin MICs (MIC90s, 64 to &gt;512 mg/L) than E. coli. Using published breakpoints, 88.4% of E. faecalis (MIC ≤64 mg/L) and 97.9% of S. aureus (MIC ≤32 mg/L) isolates were fosfomycin susceptible.

Conclusions
Fosfomycin demonstrated in vitro activity against frequently encountered Gram-positive and Gram-negative urinary pathogens; however, the extrapolation of current CLSI and EUCAST MIC breakpoints to pathogens not specified by standard methods requires further study and is currently not recommended.
Establishment of RCPA national guidelines for selective reporting of antimicrobials: processes, challenges and measuring the impact
Authors: Graham Maryza , Graves Debra , Cooley Louise , Elvy Juliet , Kelley Peter , Maley Michael , Porter Michelle , Robson Jennifer , Turnidge John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In 2016, The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) initiated the formation of a working group comprising medical microbiologists to establish guidelines to assist Australian laboratories to implement selective and cascade reporting of antimicrobials—the first guidelines of this type in the world.

Methods
A 2017 audit of antimicrobial reporting in Australian and New Zealand laboratories identified significant opportunities for improvement and standardization of selective reporting.

Results
The first draft of the RCPA Selective Reporting Guidelines was circulated to all RCPA Microbiology fellows for feedback in August 2018 and the first version was published in February 2019. Subsequently, version two of the guidelines has recently been published in Australia, and New Zealand adapted these guidelines for formulation of their own national guidelines to accommodate local needs.

Conclusions
Here we describe the processes, acceptance and challenges associated with the establishment of these guidelines and measurement of their impact.