bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is associated with repetitive compulsive behaviors in patients with penetrating brain injury
Authors: Fremont Rachel , Dworkin Jordan , Manoochehri Masood , Krueger Frank , Huey Edward , Grafman Jordan 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundDamage to cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits is associated with the development of repetitive behaviours in animals and humans. However, the types of repetitive behaviours that are developed after injury to these structures are poorly defined. This study examines the effect of damage to separate elements of CSTC circuits sustained by veterans of the Vietnam War on obsessions, compulsions, and tics.MethodsWe performed partial correlations (correcting for cognition, age, education, and global brain damage) between volume loss from traumatic brain injury in specific elements of CSTC circuits (lateral and medial orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia) and scores on a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale in 83 Vietnam war veterans with penetrating brain injuries at different sites throughout the brain.ResultsWe found that volume loss in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with the development of compulsive behaviours (r=0.32, padj<0.05) whereas volume loss in the basal ganglia was associated with the development of tics (r=0.33, padj<0.05).ConclusionOur findings indicate that damage to specific CSTC elements can be associated with the development of compulsive behaviours and tics that are not necessarily accompanied by obsessions.
Association of time-temperature curves with outcomes in temperature management for cardiac arrest
Authors: Luedke Matthew William , Graffagnino Carmelo , McKinney B Grace , Piper Jill , Iversen Edwin , Kolls Brad 
Published: April 2022

Background/PurposeCardiac arrest is a common cause of death and neurological injury; therapeutic cooling for neuroprotection is standard of care. Despite numerous and ongoing trials targeting a specified cooling temperature for a target duration, the concept of temperature dose—the duration spent at a given depth of hypothermia—is not as well explored.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we examined 66 patients 18 years of age or older undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest between 2007 and 2010 to assess the relationship of temperature dose with outcomes. Demographic, clinical, outcome and temperature data were collected. Demographic and clinical data underwent bivariate regression analysis for association with outcome. Time-temperature curves were divided into pre-determined temperature thresholds and assessed by logistic regression analysis for association with outcome. A second, multivariate regression analysis was performed controlling for factors associated with poor outcomes.ResultsOld age was significantly associated with poor outcome and a shockable arrest rhythm was significantly associated with positive outcome. Subjects spent an average of 2.82 hours below 35°C, 7.31 hours ≥35°C to ≤36.5°C, 24.75 hours >36.5 to <38.0°C and 7.06 hours ≥38°C. Logistic regression analysis revealed borderline significant positive association between good outcome and time at a cooling depth (35°C–36.5°C, p=0.05); adjusted for old age, the association became significant (p=0.04).ConclusionControlling for old age, longer durations between >35°C, ≤36.5°C during therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest were significantly associated with good clinical outcomes. Time spent within a given temperature range may be useful for measuring the effect of temperature management.
Cross-sectional study of BMI, weight concern, body size perception, dieting and mental distress in adolescents: The HUNT Study
Authors: Saeedzadeh Sardahaee Farzaneh , Kvaløy Kirsti 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveWe examined the associations between body mass index (BMI), weight concern, body size perception, dieting and mental distress in a population-based study of 7350 adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsData from a Norwegian population-based cohort, The Young-HUNT3 (2006–2008) from the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway.ParticipantsA total of 7350 adolescents (13–19 years) who had both self-reported questionnaire data and anthropometric measures.Primary outcome measuresOdds for mental distress given sex, BMI, weight concern, body size perception and dieting. Analyses were performed in binomial logistic regression models.ResultsCompared with being overweight/obese, having weight concern, irrespective of BMI, was associated with higher OR for mental distress (MD) among boys and girls. Body size overestimation was associated with an increase in the OR for MD, in participants who were overweight/obese, had weight concern or dieted. This effect was more pronounced in boys.ConclusionsWeight concern and body-size estimation are strongly associated with mental health in adolescent boys and girls. Routine assessment of adolescents’ attitudes towards their weight and body size is advised.
Clinical efficacy of adjuvant treatments for patients with resected biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhang Baoxia , Liu Chang , Cao Ye , Lyu Cheng , Qiu Meng 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the benefits of adjuvant therapy in patients with resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) and identify the optimal adjuvant treatment scheme.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesStudies comparing different adjuvant therapies in patients with BTC were searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from inception to December 2021. Additionally, the references were manually searched for the related literature.Materials and methodsEligible studies were identified, and data were extracted independently by two authors. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed using R software. The pooled outcomes of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were measured using the combined HRs with 95% CIs.ResultsNineteen eligible studies reporting three types of adjuvant therapies were included in our network meta-analysis. Adjuvant radiotherapy (ART, HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.93), adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACRT; HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.83) and adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT; HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98) were more effective in prolonging OS than that of observation, with no significant difference between the three adjuvant therapies. Moreover, the improvement in DFS was also found in ACRT and ACT compared with that of observation (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.75; HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97, respectively). Furthermore, ACRT obtained a slightly better DFS benefit compared with that of ACT (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.95).ConclusionsOur primary results demonstrated that, compared with that of observation, ACRT and ACT after radical resection could provide better OS and DFS benefits in patients with BTC. However, ART only showed improvement in OS, but not in DFS. Due to the lack of head-to-head studies of ACT, ACRT and ART, the above results need to be further verified by prospective randomised controlled trials.
Renal safety evaluation of aspirin plus edaravone in patients with ischaemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Hui-qin , Yin Wen-Jun , Liu Kun , Liu Man-Cang , Zuo Xiao-cong 
Published: April 2022

Background and objectiveAspirin combined with edaravone is more effective than aspirin or edaravone alone in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. Aspirin is defined as a nephrotoxic drug while the renal safety of edaravone is controversial. We aimed to evaluate whether edaravone will increase the nephrotoxicity of aspirin in patients with ischaemic stroke.DesignA propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary hospital in China.ParticipantsPatients with ischaemic stroke were treated with aspirin from February 2007 to May 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAcute kidney injury (AKI, diagnosed by the Acute Kidney Injury Network), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR,>10%), gastrointestinal bleeding and in-hospital adverse outcomes (defined as dying or giving up treatment in our hospital).ResultsWe included 3061 patients, and 986 pairs were successfully matched. Of the 986 pairs of patients included, the incidence of AKI between the aspirin group and the combination group showed no significant difference (7.71% vs 6.29%, p=0.217). While the incidence of eGFR decline (24.75% vs 16.94%, p<0.001) was significantly lower in the combination group. The protective effect was significant in patients with baseline eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73 m2, especially in eGFR 60–90 mL/min/1.73 m2. In patients with different complications, the incidence of AKI showed no significant differences in patients with chronic kidney injury, hypertension, anaemia, age above 75 years, except in patients with cardiovascular disease (OR, 2.82; 95% CI 1.50 to 5.29; p<0.001). However, the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (1.22% vs 2.84%, p=0.011) and in-hospital adverse outcomes (3.25% vs 7.00%, p<0.001) were significantly higher in the combination group.ConclusionsOur study indicated that edaravone in patients with ischaemic stroke didn’t increase the nephrotoxicity of aspirin, and even had a protective effect on mild renal deterioration. Nevertheless, there is a need to be cautious when patients are in bad pathophysiological conditions and at high risk of bleeding.
Acceptability and feasibility of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based guided self-help intervention for weight loss maintenance in adults who have previously completed a behavioural weight loss programme: the SWiM feasibility study protocol
Authors: Ahern Amy L , Richards Rebecca , Jones Rebecca A , Whittle Fiona , Mueller Julia , Woolston Jenny , Sharp Stephen J , Hughes Carly A , Hill Andrew J , Duschinsky Robbie , Lawlor Emma Ruth , Morris Stephen , Fusco Francesco , Brennan Alan , Bostock Jennifer , Griffin Simon J 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe cost-effectiveness and long-term health impact of behavioural weight management programmes depends on post-treatment weight-loss maintenance. Growing evidence suggests that interventions using acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) could improve long-term weight management. We developed an ACT-based, guided self-help intervention to support adults who have recently completed a behavioural weight loss programme. This study will assess the feasibility and acceptability of this type of intervention and findings will inform the development of a full-scale trial.Methods and analysisThis is a pragmatic, randomised, single-blind, parallel group, two-arm, feasibility study with an embedded process evaluation. We will recruit and randomise 60 adults who have recently completed a behavioural weight loss programme to the ACT-based intervention or standard care, using a computer-generated sequence with 2:1 allocation stratified by diabetes status and sex. Baseline and 6-month measurements will be completed using online questionnaires. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with a subsample of participants and coaches about their experiences at 3 (mid-intervention) and 6 (postintervention) months. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, and a full-scale trial will be assessed using a number of outcomes, including adherence to, and engagement with the intervention, recruitment and retention rates, proportion of missing data for each outcome measure, participants’ experiences of the intervention and study, and coaches’ experiences of delivering intervention support. Quantitative and qualitative findings will be integrated and summarised to contribute to the interpretation of the main feasibility evaluation findings. Value of information methods will be used to estimate the decision uncertainty associated with the intervention’s cost-effectiveness and determine the value of a definitive trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from Cambridge South Research Ethics Committee on 15/03/2021 (21/EE/0024). This protocol (V.2) was approved on 19 April 2021. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and communicated to other stakeholders as appropriate.Trial registration numberISRCTN12685964.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction among first responders to the 9/11 World Trade Center terrorist attack: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Iyengar-Kapuganti Rupa Lakshmi , Maceda Cynara S , Croft Lori B , Sawit Simonette T , Crowley Laura E , Woodward Mark , McLaughlin Mary Ann 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is often linked to cardiovascular disease. A limited number of studies have reported an association between OSA and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). However, prior studies were performed on small patient populations. Studies have shown a high prevalence of OSA among first responders to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attack. We investigated the relationship between OSA and LVDD in a large population of WTC responders.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOne-time screening programme as part of the WTC-CHEST Study (NCT10466218), performed at a quaternary medical centre in New York City, from November 2011 to June 2014.ParticipantsA total of 1007 participants with mean age of 51 years of mostly non-Hispanic white men were evaluated. Patients from the WTC Health Program-Clinical Center of Excellence, who were over the age of 39 years, were eligible to participate.ResultsEvaluation of those without OSA diagnosis showed no significant association with LVDD when comparing those screened (Berlin Questionnaire) as OSA high risk versus OSA low risk (p=0.101). Among those diagnosed with LVDD, there was a significant association when comparing those with and without patient-reported OSA (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.00, p=0.005), but the significance was not maintained after adjusting for pertinent variables (OR 1.3, 0.94 to 1.75, p=0.119). Notably, comparing those with OSA diagnosis and those low risk of OSA, the OR for LVDD was significant (1.69, 1.24 to 2.31, p=0.001), and after adjusting for waist–hip ratio, diabetes and coronary artery calcium score percentile, the relationship remained significant (OR 1.45, 1.03 to 2.04, p=0.032).ConclusionThe strong association of OSA with LVDD in this population may inform future guidelines to recommend screening for LVDD in high-risk asymptomatic patients with OSA.
Internet of things platform technology used in undergraduate nursing student education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jang A , Song CE 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionFuture nursing education needs to build a cutting-edge technology-based educational environment to provide a variety of consumer-oriented education. Thus, the sharing of information in nursing education needs to be considered, especially given the advancement of internet of things (IoT) technology. Before developing a horizontal platform, understanding previously developed IoT platforms is necessary to establish services and devices compatible with each other in different service areas. This scoping review aims to explore the technology used in the IoT platform for the education of nursing students in the undergraduate nursing curriculum.Methods and analysisA preliminary search was completed to find initial search terms, on which a full-search strategy was developed. Search results yielded from PubMed (NCBI) were screened to ensure articles were peer-reviewed, published in English from January 1999 to August 2021, and relevant to developing, applying and evaluating IoT platforms at educational institutions for students in undergraduate nursing programmes. A full-text review of relevant articles will be conducted, and data will be extracted using the developed extraction tool. The extracted qualitative data will be analysed using a modified grounded theory approach, informing a working definition of the IoT platform and related terms.Ethics and disseminationThe study was exempted from ethical review by the Institutional Review Board of Nambu University, South Korea. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.
Brane world creation from flat or almost flat space in dynamical tension string theories
Authors: Guendelman E. I. , Portnoy J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is great interest in the construction of brane worlds, where matter and gravity are forced to be effective only in a lower dimensional surface, the brane . How these could appear as a consequence of string theory is a crucial question and this has been widely discussed. Here we will examine a distinct scenario that appears in dynamical tension theories and where string tension is positive between two surfaces separated by a short distance and at the two surfaces themselves the string tensions become infinite, therefore producing an effective confinement of the strings and therefore of all matter and gravity to the space between these to surfaces, which is in fact a new type of stringy brane world scenario. The basic formulation for obtaining this scenario consist of assuming two types of strings characterized by a different constant of integration related to the spontaneous string tension generation. These string tension multiplied by the embedding metric define conformally related metrics that both satisfy Einsteins equation. The braneworlds appear very naturally when these two metrics are both flat spaces related by a special conformal transformation. The two types of string tensions are determined and they blow up at two close expanding surfaces. A puzzling aspect appears then: the construction is based on flat spaces, but then there are also strings with very large tension near the boundaries of the braneworld,so can the back reaction from the infinite tension strings destroy the flat space background? Fortunatelly that can be resolved using the mechanism Universe creation from almost flat (or empty) spaces, which incorporates a gas of very large string tensions in a membrane, studied before in 1+1 membranes in a 2+1 embedding space and now is generalized for a 1+(D-2) membrane moving in a 1+(D-1) space.
Implication of the swampland distance conjecture on the Cohen–Kaplan–Nelson bound in de Sitter space
Authors: Seo Min-Seok 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Cohen–Kaplan–Nelson (CKN) bound formulates the condition that black hole is not produced by the low energy effective field theory dynamics. In de Sitter space it also constrains the maximal size of the matter distribution to be smaller than the cosmological horizon determined by black hole. On the other hand, the swampland distance conjecture (SDC) predicts that de Sitter space becomes unstable by the descent of the low energy degrees of freedom from UV. This results in the rapid increase in the energy inside the cosmological horizon, the distribution of which can be constrained by the CKN bound. We study the CKN bound in de Sitter space in detail and point out that when compared with the slow-roll in the inflation, the bound on the slow-roll parameter which forbids the eternal inflation is obtained.
Optimization of HNT nanoparticle distribution based on EPD process in epoxy–CFRP composites
Authors: Kim Se-Yoon , Park Soo-Jeong , Kim Yun-Hae 
Published: April 2022

There are numerous methods for reinforcing laminate composites using nanoadditives. However, the random dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer resins leads to critical defects owing to excessive dispersion. This study investigated a method of depositing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on a carbon fabric surface via electrophoresis deposition (EPD) for reinforcing the through-thickness strength of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. The voltage during the EPD process was set as 6–12 V, which is the working range for nanoparticles during EPD. In addition, CFRPs were fabricated from modified carbon fabrics using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The optimum voltage was determined as 6 V. At higher voltages, the mechanical properties deteriorated owing to the distribution of HNTs and damage to the fibers. The performance of the EPD-modified CFRPs was better than that of neat CFRPs. The highest strength was observed at 0.7 wt.% HNTs and 6 V, which indicated the feasibility of the EPD process and a well-dispersed morphology. The strong interaction of HNTs with carbon fabric influences the through-thickness mechanical properties of CFRP composites.
Flexibility of sections of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Burago Dmitri , Chen Dong , Ivanov Sergei 
Published: April 2022

Given any symplectomorphism on [Formula: see text] which is [Formula: see text] close to the identity, and any completely integrable Hamiltonian system [Formula: see text] in the proper dimension, we construct a [Formula: see text] perturbation of [Formula: see text] such that the resulting Hamiltonian flow contains a “local Poincaré section” that “realizes” the symplectomorphism. As a (motivating) application, we show that there are arbitrarily small perturbations of any completely integrable Hamiltonian system which are entropy non-expansive (and, in particular, exhibit hyperbolic behavior on a set of positive measure). We use some results in Berger–Turaev [On Herman’s positive entropy conjecture, Adv. Math. 349 (2019) 1234—1288], though in higher dimensions we could simply apply a construction from [D. Burago and S. Ivanov, Boundary distance, lens maps and entropy of geodesic ows of Finsler metrics, Geom. & Topol. 20 (2016) 469–490].
Neoadjuvant Intravenous Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Therapy Promotes Anticancer Immunity in Patients
Authors: Samson Adel , West Emma J. , Carmichael Jonathan , Scott Karen J. , Turnbull Samantha , Kuszlewicz Bethany , Dave Rajiv V. , Peckham-Cooper Adam , Tidswell Emma , Kingston Jennifer , Johnpulle Michelle , da Silva Barbara , Jennings Victoria A. , Bendjama Kaidre , Stojkowitz Nicolas , Lusky Monika , Prasad K.R. , Toogood Giles J. , Auer Rebecca , Bell John , Twelves Chris J. , Harrington Kevin J. , Vile Richard G. , Pandha Hardev , Errington-Mais Fiona , Ralph Christy , Newton Darren J. , Anthoney Alan , Melcher Alan A. , Collinson Fiona 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImproving the chances of curing patients with cancer who have had surgery to remove metastatic sites of disease is a priority area for cancer research. Pexa-Vec (Pexastimogene Devacirepvec; JX-594, TG6006) is a principally immunotherapeutic oncolytic virus that has reached late-phase clinical trials. We report the results of a single-center, nonrandomized biological end point study (trial registration: EudraCT number 2012-000704-15), which builds on the success of the presurgical intravenous delivery of oncolytic viruses to tumors. Nine patients with either colorectal cancer liver metastases or metastatic melanoma were treated with a single intravenous infusion of Pexa-Vec ahead of planned surgical resection of the metastases. Grade 3 and 4 Pexa-Vec–associated side effects were lymphopaenia and neutropaenia. Pexa-Vec was peripherally carried in plasma and was not associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Upon surgical resection, Pexa-Vec was found in the majority of analyzed tumors. Pexa-Vec therapy associated with IFNα secretion, chemokine induction, and resulted in transient innate and long-lived adaptive anticancer immunity. In the 2 patients with significant and complete tumor necrosis, a reduction in the peripheral T-cell receptor diversity was observed at the time of surgery. These results support the development of presurgical oncolytic vaccinia virus-based therapies to stimulate anticancer immunity and increase the chances to cure patients with cancer.