bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Classical and 11-Oxygenated Androgens by Insulin-Induced AKR1C3 in a Model of Human PCOS Adipocytes
Authors: Paulukinas Ryan D , Mesaros Clementina A , Penning Trevor M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women. A common symptom of PCOS is hyperandrogenism (AE); however, the source of these androgens is uncertain. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) catalyzes the formation of testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in peripheral tissues, which activate the androgen receptor (AR). AKR1C3 is induced by insulin in adipocytes and may be central in driving the AE in PCOS. We elucidated the conversion of both classical and 11-oxygenated androgens to potent androgens in a model of PCOS adipocytes. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) discontinuous kinetic assays to measure product formation by recombinant AKR1C3, we found that the conversion of 11-keto-Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione (11K-4AD) to 11-ketotestosterone (11K-T) and 11-keto-5α-androstane-3,17-dione (11K-5AD) to 11-keto-5α-dihydrotestosterone (11K-DHT) were superior to the formation of T and DHT. We utilized a stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometric (SID-LC-HRMS) assay for the quantification of both classical and 11-oxygenated androgens in differentiated Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome adipocytes in which AKR1C3 was induced by insulin. Adipocytes were treated with adrenal derived 11β-hydroxy-Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione (11β-OH-4AD), 11K-4AD, or Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione (4AD). The conversion of 11β-OH-4AD and 11K-4AD to 11K-T required AKR1C3. We also found that once 11K-T is formed, it is inactivated to 11β-hydroxy-testosterone (11β-OH-T) by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1). Our data reveal a unique role for HSD11B1 in protecting the AR from AE. We conclude that the 11-oxygenated androgens formed in adipocytes may contribute to the hyperandrogenic profile of PCOS women and that AKR1C3 is a potential therapeutic target to mitigate the AE of PCOS.
Incestuous Wanderlust: 35 Shots of Rum's Atmospheres of Circulation
Authors: Cortez Iggy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Claire Denis's films have long been associated with enveloping moods. This essay focuses on how atmospheres in her film, 35 Shots of Rum (35 Rhums, France/Germany, 2008), possess a unique conceptual valence within her work. As a “rethinking” of Yasujirō Ozu's Late Spring (Banshun, Japan, 1949), the film's narrative premise traces the strong bond between a widower and his adult daughter. Most critical assessments of the film thus interpret 35 Shots of Rum as an homage to Ozu, seeing the daughter's love for her father as a reflection of Denis's devotion to the Japanese director. However, this essay moves beyond a cursory reading of Denis's film as a celebration of paternal legacies, arguing that its atmospheric textures—the phantasmatic movement of its intertexts, the resonance of its rhythmic editing, or the vague force of its enigmatic gestures—express a critique of gendered and neocolonial norms determining recognition and value within world cinema. Atmosphere also thematizes that which resists full disclosure, such as the unrealized but looming possibility of incestuous desire haunting Late Spring and Denis's oeuvre. Incest's equivocal, ambiguous, but potentially felt presence in 35 Shots also extends to multiple extradiegetic allusions the film pursues with a casual commitment—what this article calls the film's loitering cadence—an endless flirtation with various artistic forefathers that undermines patrilinear genealogy as a unified or coherent origin. Through these critical coordinates, 35 Shots of Rum emerges as a cartography for imagining alternative modes of transnational circulation and descent in world cinema.
Looking for Something New: Antonioni's La notte and Specters of Femininity
Authors: Masłoń Sławomir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article is a political interpretation of La notte (dir. Michelangelo Antonioni, Italy/France, 1961) and proposes that the central theme of the film is the identity of the discourse of capital and the discourse of patriarchy, both as solipsistic, self-perpetuating enjoyment. On the narrative level, the capitalist-patriarchal discourse is incarnated in double complementary figures, both male and female. The male couple consists of a traditional fatherly moralizing figure and a modern mute solipsist, who is also a sexual predator. The female one is constructed out of mute enjoyment of a nymphomaniac and a phantasmagoric figure of Valentina whose power of fascination is utterly mediated by the commodities among which she moves and the fashionable intellectual commonplaces she utters. This configuration is set up to map a labyrinth of existential im/possibilities that a non-spectral new woman, Lidia, faces at a particular juncture in Italian history. Her initial flânerie, in which she attempts to dissolve her bourgeois identity-property, fails as she becomes conscious that what seems to be the space of indeterminacy and becoming is in fact a thoroughly organized urbanist hyperspace that aims at absolute management of people and commodities. Unable to find something really new in new Italy, Lidia returns to the constricting discourse of melodrama she has been inscribed into as a long-suffering wife in order to undermine its conventions and use its utopian potential to put her relationship with her husband on a new footing. Although her attempt fails, an attentive viewer is given two glimpses that catch something beyond the commodity-oriented melodramatic universe: a timeless moment of transcendence created in writing and a reconciliation of subject and object in a female dance act.
Evaluation of the Indications for Sentinel Node Biopsy in Early-Stage Melanoma with the Advent of Adjuvant Systemic Therapy: An International, Multicenter Study
Authors: Moncrieff Marc D. , Lo Serigne N. , Scolyer Richard A. , Heaton Martin J. , Nobes Jenny P. , Snelling Andrew P. , Carr Michael J. , Nessim Carolyn , Wade Ryckie , Peach A. Howard , Kisyova Rumi , Mason Jennifer , Wilson Ewan D. , Nolan Grant , Pritchard Jones Rowan , Sondak Vernon K. , Thompson John F. , Zager Jonathan S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients presenting with early-stage melanoma (AJCC pT1b-pT2a) reportedly have a relatively low risk of a positive SNB (~5–10%). Those patients are usually found to have low-volume metastatic disease after SNB, typically reclassified to AJCC stage IIIA, with an excellent prognosis of ~90% 5-year survival. Currently, adjuvant systemic therapy is not routinely recommended for most patients with AJCC stage IIIA melanoma. The purpose was to assess the SN-positivity rate in early-stage melanoma and to identify primary tumor characteristics associated with high-risk nodal disease eligible for adjuvant systemic therapy

Methods
An international, multicenter retrospective cohort study from 7 large-volume cancer centers identified 3,610 patients with early primary cutaneous melanomas 0.8–2.0 mm in Breslow thickness (pT1b-pT2a; AJCC 8th edition). Patient demographics, primary tumor characteristics, and SNB status/details were analyzed.

Results
The overall SNB-positivity rate was 11.4% (412/3610). Virtually all SNB-positive patients (409/412; 99.3%) were reclassified to AJCC stage IIIA. Multivariate analysis identified age, T-stage, mitotic rate, primary site and subtype, and lymphovascular invasion as independent predictors of sentinel node status. A mitotic rate of >1/mm2 was associated with a significantly increased SN-positivity rate and was the only significant independent predictor of high-risk SNB metastases (>1 mm maximum diameter).

Conclusions
The new treatment paradigm brings into question the role of SNB for patients with early-stage melanoma. The results of this large international cohort study suggest that a reevaluation of the indications for SNB for some patients with early-stage melanoma is required.
TEMPO/PhI(OAc)2-mediated Direct Sulfoximination of Benzoxazoles under Metal-free Conditions
Authors: Wang Jian , Tu Changqing , Feng Mei-Lin , Li Nan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A metal-free reaction system consisting of TEMPO and PhI(OAc)2 for the oxidative C-N coupling of benzoxazoles with NH-sulfoximines has been developed. The reaction can proceed under ambient atmosphere without any metal catalyst at room temperature to afford the corresponding 2-iminoazoles in moderate to high yields.
The effects of silkworm cocoon (Bombyx mori) wound dressing applications to the COX-2 expression and the number of neutrophils after skin excision wounds (in vivo research on Wistar rats)
Authors: Tarigan Efron Andre , Hasan Cahya Yustisia , Arindra Pingky Krisna 
Published: May 2022

Background: Silkworm cocoons are materials that have fine regenerating abilities for the human body. Fibroin and sericin present in silkworm cocoons (Bombyx mori) are thought to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to know the effects of the use of wound dressing from silkworm cocoons toward COX-2 expression and neutrophils number in the inflammatory phase after skin excision. Methods: Twelve male Wistar rats according to inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group of 6, based on the decapitation time (the 3rd day and the 6th day) and based on the dressing material (moist gauze dressing as the control group and silkworm cocoons as the treatment group). Each group was performed an excision on the dorsal skin with subcutaneous depth using a 4 mm-round punch biopsy. Neutrophil cell observations were performed by Hematoxylin eosin staining (HE). COX-2 expression was found in preparations for immunohistochemical staining using rabbit monoclonal COX-2 antibody at sacrificed period on the 3rd and the 6th day after wound dressing application. Results: The number of neutrophils and expression of COX-2 were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA and Independent t-test. The results showed a significant decrease in the number of COX-2 expression on inflammatory cells as well as the number of neutrophils (p<0.005) in the groups treated with wound dressing from silkworm cocoons on both the 3rd and 6th day. Conclusions: It was concluded that the use of wound dressing from silkworm cocoons can inhibit COX-2 expression (p=0,000) and decrease the number of neutrophils in the inflammatory phase after skin excision (p=0,001).
Strategies of promoting sustainable use and conservation of indigenous chicken breeds in Zambia: lessons from low-income countries
Authors: Kanyama Christopher .M , Moss Amy .F , Crowley Tamsyn .M 
Published: May 2022

This review explores innovative and sustainable strategies for conservation and use of village or indigenous chickens (IC) ( Gallus domesticus) in Zambia with lessons in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Small scale farmers (SSF) have kept IC for hundreds of years to meet their households’ nutritional needs, incomes, social-cultural and religious uses. The commitment exhibited by SSF to keeping indigenous animals has made them the major custodians of essential animal genetic resources in most low-income regions. Between 1991 and 2012, private breeders invested over US$95 million in Zambia’s commercial poultry sector resulting in over 100% increase in the annual production of day-old chicks to 65 million. However, high production costs and low market access hindered the participation of rural farmers hence their continued dependence on IC breeds. The future of IC genetic resources is threatened due to their rapid erosion. In the 2015 biodiversity status report, the Food and Agriculture Organisation, an international body of the United Nations highlighted that over 3.5% of chicken breeds were extinct, nearly 33% were at high risk, and over 67% were of unknown status. Poultry diseases, lack of sustainable conservation strategies and poor use have significantly contributed to these losses. For example, in 2012, 60% of village chickens were reportedly diseased in parts of SSA. If these challenges are not mitigated, the loss of IC genetic resources and the adverse impact on rural communities is inevitable. Further, future research and breeding programs on commercial chickens may be limited due to the erosion of IC genetic resources. This paper reviews lessons and contributes to previous studies that demonstrated how community-based breeding programs and researcher-community-stakeholder engagements potentially enhanced sustainability, adoption of innovative ideas and conservation of local animal genetic resources in selected low-income countries. Further, suggest strategies to promote judicious use and conservation of IC breeds in Zambia.
Identifying inequity in family planning: The Track20 equity tool
Authors: Bietsch Kristin , LaNasa Katherine , Sonneveldt Emily 
Published: May 2022

Background: With increases in contraceptive use in most countries in the world, within country inequities persist. Equity in family planning does not mean an equal level of contraceptive use among all groups; differences in use of contraception could reflect variation in cultural beliefs and values and therefore not inequity. Methods: Focusing on demand satisfied for modern methods and five dimensions (age, education, geography, parity, and wealth), we map inequities within 15 sub-Saharan African countries and across time. We create a “Concentration of Inequity” to highlight the intersectionality of inequities in family planning and allows for more data informed programming. Results: Inequities exist in all countries included in this analysis, though the range varies substantially. Over 85% of the countries included in this analysis had at least 1 subgroup in the population with demand satisfied 30% or more below the national level of demand satisfied. To help visualize inequities and stimulate discussion, we create an online tool to display multiple aspects of inequity. Conclusions: Using demand satisfied with modern methods to measure inequity for family planning allows us to focus attention on women with desire to delay or limit childbearing. Studying the intersections of demographic factors is fundamental for a deeper understanding of family planning equity.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Peru
Authors: Arteaga-Zarate Guadalupe , Demarini-Olivares Gina , Torres-Slimming Paola A. , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Background: Information about the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) awareness in the prevalence of anxiety disorders is scarce. Moreover, reports from resource-constrained and semiurban settings are usually focused on hospital-based data, instead of population-based surveys. We aimed to evaluate the association between T2DM and anxiety symptoms, with emphasis on T2DM awareness. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from a population-based study. The outcome of interest was the presence of anxiety symptoms assessed by the Goldberg anxiety test, while the exposure variable was T2DM, defined using the oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, another definition was used based on self-reported T2DM awareness of previous diagnosis. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported using Poisson regression models. Results: Data from 1,607 participants, of mean age 48.2 (SD: 10.6) years, and 809 (50.3%) females, were analyzed. Of all participants, 176 (11.0%; 95% CI: 9.5%–12.6%) had T2DM, 105 (59.7%) were aware of previous diagnosis, and 674 (41.9%; 95% CI: 39.5%–44.4%) had anxiety symptoms. In multivariable model, T2DM was not associated with anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.99–1.36); however, individuals aware of T2DM diagnosis had a 36% (95% CI: 14%–64%) greater prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared to those without T2DM. Additionally, those aware of T2DM diagnosis had a 56% (95% CI: 13%-116%) higher probability to have anxiety symptoms compared to those not aware of T2DM diagnosis. Conclusions: The association between T2DM and anxiety symptoms was present among those participants who self-reported T2DM diagnosis, as opposed to those with T2DM but not aware and to those without T2DM. Evaluation of anxiety symptoms may be relevant among those with previous T2DM diagnosis.
Acceptability of video observed treatment vs. directly observed treatment for tuberculosis: a comparative analysis between South and Central India
Authors: Rao Joseph Sushil , Diwan Vishal , Kumar Anil A , Varghese Suman Sarah , Sharma Upasana , Purohit Manju , Das Arundhati , Rodrigues Rashmi 
Published: May 2022

Background Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) is a requirement in the management of Tuberculosis (TB) globally. With the transition from alternate day treatment to daily treatment in India, monitoring treatment adherence through DOT is a logistic challenge. The pervasiveness of mobile phones in India provides a unique opportunity to address this challenge remotely. This study was designed to compare the acceptability of mobile phones for antitubercular treatment (ATT) support in two distinct regions of India. Methodology This was a cross-sectional exploratory study that enrolled 351 patients with TB, of whom 185 were from Bangalore, South India, and 166 from Ujjain, Central India. Trained research assistants administered a pretested questionnaire comprising demographics, phone usage patterns, and acceptability of mobile phone technology to support treatment adherence to TB medicines. Results The mean age of the 351 participants was 32±13.6 years of whom 140 (40%) were women. Of the participants, 259 (74%) were urban, 221 (63%) had >4 years of education. A significantly greater number of participants were newly diagnosed with TB and were in the intensive phase of treatment. Overall, 218 (62%) preferred vDOT over DOT. There was an overall difference in preference between the two sites which is explained by differences in socio-economic variables. Conclusion Mobile phone adherence support is acceptable to patients on Antitubercular treatment ATT with minor variations in design based on demographic and cultural differences. In India, the preference for voice calls over text messages/SMS while designing mHealth interventions cannot be ignored. Of importance is the preference for DOT over vDOT in central India, unlike South India. However, in time, the expanding use of mobile technology supplemented with counseling, could overcome the barriers of privacy and stigma and promote the transition from in-person DOT to vDOT or mobile phone adherence monitoring and support for ATT in India.
Formation of General Cultural Competencies in Students in the Educational Process
Authors: Pryahina A. , Savel'eva I. , Kamalitdinova E. 
Published: May 2022

In order to be in demand for a modern specialist, it is necessary to develop universal competencies and professional skills and abilities associated with practical activities. Domestic education, traditionally distinguished by academicism, in the context of digital transformation, was able to overcome this imbalance and bring theory closer to practice. This happens in the process of changing educational paradigms. The place of the previous paradigm of formative unidirectional subject-object education is gradually being taken by a new paradigm of open developing and developing subject-subject education, in which the student and teacher act as active participants in the educational process. The main resource for changing paradigms is the development of the educational communication system, which is based on the theory of social communication.
The article, using the example of the implementation of the «Digital Exhibition» project, shows the construction of the educational process using information technologies and reliance on a socio-cultural and professionally oriented environment, with the aim of developing the personality and professional formation of the student.
Factors associated with the frequency of respiratory rate measurement by hospital nurses: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Takayama Atsushi , Takeshima Taro , Nagamine Takahiko 
Published: May 2022

Background:Although the respiratory rate (RR) is a sensitive predictor of patient deterioration, it is often neglected. Moreover, only a few studies have investigated the factors that cause health professionals to disregard RR.Aims:This cross-sectional study aimed to elucidate the factors affecting the frequency of RR measurement by the nurses.Methods:An original questionnaire, comprising 18 factors extracted from previous studies, was administered to nurses from nine hospitals.Findings:Of the 644 eligible nurses, 592 (92%) completed the questionnaire. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the factors of importance, educational experiences, shortened-count method use, negative experiences, and inconvenience were 2.24 (1.13–4.45), 2.26 (1.20–4.26), 0.61 (0.42–0.91), 0.45 (0.29–0.70), and 0.41 (0.26–0.65), respectively.Conclusion:Education, feedback systems, and automation are the primary issues that need attention. Prioritising these factors could provide a practical guide for optimising the frequency of RR measurement.
An update on radiation caries
Authors: Bradley Hannah , Cowan Kirsty , Owen Brandon , Rahman Shahab , Keys William 
Published: May 2022

Radiation caries describes the rapid onset and progression of dental caries in patients who have received radiotherapy to the head and neck. The combination of salivary gland damage resulting in hyposalivation and a cariogenic diet can have catastrophic consequences with a considerable impact on the quality of life of individuals. Caries risk must be managed at all stages of the patient's head and neck cancer journey from the pre-assessment to their lifelong maintenance. This paper provides an overview of the aetiology, presentation and management of radiation caries demonstrated with clinical cases. CPD/Clinical Relevance: With the increasing incidence of head and neck cancer, clinicians should be aware of the significance of radiation caries, understand its specialist management and be able to contribute to the patient's long-term management.
Minimum intervention oral care delivery for children: developing the oral healthcare team
Authors: Young Sarah , Dawett Bhupinder , Gallie Amanda , Banerjee Avijit , Deery Chris 
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the potential use of the oral healthcare team in the delivery of minimum intervention oral care (MIOC) for caries management in children. It summarizes opportunities and difficulties, both evidenced and anticipated, in the context of general dental practice in the UK. Given the push to provide safe and effective care using wider members of the oral healthcare team, this article offers insight into potential barriers and facilitators that may present in general dental practice. CPD/Clinical Relevance: There is a belief that the wider team within general dental practice will have an increasingly important role to play in the provision of oral and dental care.