bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Perspectives of Morinda citrifolia (Indian Noni) to Combat Cancer
Authors: Rekha U. Vidhya , Bhuminathan S. , Shankar P. Ravi 
Published: February 2022

Back ground: Indian Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a large shrub or small evergreen tree, also known as Indian mulberry. It is a medicinal plant that has been used as conventional medicine and food additives for a long time. As a drug, plant bioactivity is attributed to its secondary metabolites. M.citrifolia has very rich nutrients and consists of over 100 varieties of chemical compounds which have been isolated so far from the plant. In disorders such as skin ailments, respiratory infections, gastritis, menstrual, abortion, diabetes, and venereal diseases, it also shows beneficial effects.
Materials and Methods: The relation of noni juice or its extract (fruit, leaves or root) to anticancer and/or immunostimulant properties was investigated in this study. A Medline quest was performed along with cross-referencing using the main search terms 'Morinda citrifolia and cancer'.
Results: According to our search results for scientific studyM. citrifolia is used in literature for more than 40 forms of ailments. Crude extract is recorded from various plant and fruit juice components. There are records of amino acids, anthraquinones, fatty acids, flavonoids, iridoids, lignans, polysaccharides, sterols, carbohydrates, terpenoids, etc. in the crude extract of different sections of plant and fruit juice that are therapeutically beneficial for a wide range of pathological conditions.
Conclusion: Literature indicates that Nonii pharmacologically active and used in various cancer types (Colon, breast, esophageal, colorectal Cancers, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, hypertension, arthritis). This plant's high potential classifies the compounds as the noteworthy medication of the future, and clinical trials are needed to demonstrate their effect on life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Further analysis warrants the isolation of the active components. These properties can be substantiated by the preclinical or/and clinical investigations.
A Survey on Jaw Correction in Aesthetical Aspects
Authors: Safiya S. Nehal , Premavathy Dinesh 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery helps in adjusting your bite, correcting conditions that affect the symmetry of your face etc. Corrective jaw surgery or is designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face.
Aim: The aim of this study is to pass on the knowledge and information about Jaw correction in aesthetical aspects
Materials and Methods: The present study was a questionnaire based survey. The data was entered and analyzed using a software program called SPSS Statistics version 23.
Result: From the responses obtained, about 40 percent of the respondents belonged to the age group of 23-25 whereas about 35 percent belonged to the age group of 17-19 and the rest of 25 percent belonged to the age group of 20-22
Conclusion: The present study thus concluded that the knowledge of jaw correction in aesthetical aspects was passed on to the undergraduates students.
Comparative Evaluation of 0.5% Levobupivacaine V/S 0.5% Levobupivacaine Mixed with 20µG Dexmedetomidine in Mandibular Iii Molar Surgeries – A Double Blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Patil Shweta , Bhola Nitin 
Published: February 2022

Background: Mandibular third molars (M3M) are the most common impacted teeth in the human dentition. Removal or extraction of these teeth is frightening for the patients owing to the perception of pain. As a result, pain control mechanism like anesthesia is the major factor that needs to be executed appropriately. Using newer local anesthetic drugs minimizes side effects and drug interactions. Levobupivacaine (Levo) is a congener of bupivacaine thereby minimizing the cardiotoxic effects of bupivacaine. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an alpha agonist which alongwith Levo is capable of providing prolonged duration of anesthesia decreasing the need for rescue analgesics.
Aim: This study will compare the anesthetic effectiveness between Levo and Levo alongwith Dex during the extraction of impacted M3M.
Methodology: A total of 50 consecutive systemically healthy patients requiring unilateral surgical extraction of impacted M3M with similar orientations will be divided into two groups randomly, one group (L) will receive nerve block with levo while the second group (LD) will receive Levo plus Dex during the extraction procedure.
Results: ‘Students t-test’ will be used to analyse and evaluate. The patients will be evaluated based on different parameters. The patient will be asked to reciprocate about the first bout of pain experience based on the Visual Analog Scale that will be handed over to patient after the procedure. The other parameters that will be evaluated are Onset on Anesthesia, Depth of Anesthesia, Hemodynamics, Oxygen saturation level, Sedation level and duration of post-operative analgesia. The patient will be evaluated over the time duration after which the patient had to take a rescue analgesic.
Conclusion: Levo with Dex is more efficient than Levo in providing prolonged duration of anesthesia and has prolonged duration of postoperative analgesia.
Stoichiometry, Kinetics, and Regulation of Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism of a Recombinant BHK Cell Line in Batch and Continuous Cultures
Authors: Linz Monika , Zeng An‐Ping , Wagner Roland , Deckwer Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBatch and continuous cultures were carried out to study the stoichiometry, kinetics, and regulation of glucose and amino acid metabolism of a recombinant BHK cell line, with particular attention to the metabolism at low levels of glucose and glutamine. The apparent yields of cells on glucose and glutamine, lactate on glucose, and ammonium on glutamine were all found to change significantly at low residual concentrations of glucose (<5 mmol/L) and glutamine (<1 mmol/L) . The uptake rates of glucose and glutamine were markedly reduced at low concentrations, leading to a more effective utilization of these nutrients for energy metabolism and biosynthesis and reduced formation rates of lactate and ammonium. However, the consumption of other amino acids, especially the essential amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine and the nonessential amino acids serine and glutamate, was strongly enhanced at low glutamine concentration. Quantitatively, it was shown that the cellular yields and rates associated with glucose metabolism were primarily determined by the residual glucose concentration, while those associated with glutamine metabolism depended mainly on the residual glutamine. Both experimental results and analysis of the kinetic data with models showed that the glucose metabolism of BHK cells is not affected by glutamine except for a slight influence under glucose limitation and glutaminolysis not by glucose, at least not significantly under the experimental conditions. Compared to hybridoma and other cultured animal cells, the recombinant BHK cell line showed remarkable differences in terms of nutrient sensitivity, stoichiometry, and amino acid metabolism at low levels of nutrients. These cell‐line‐specific stoichiometry and nutrient needs should be considered when designing an optimal medium and/or feeding strategy for achieving high cell density and high productivity of BHK cells. In this work, a cell density of 1.1 × 107 cells/mL was achieved in a conventional continuous culture by using a proper feed medium.
Drawing Together: Evaluation Of A Therapy Programme For Severe Aphasia
Authors: Sacchett Carol , Byng Sally , Marshall Jane , Pound Carole 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper reports a therapy study that aims to promote communicative drawing in a group of seven people with severe and long‐standing aphasia. Therapy was conducted on individual and group bases over 12 weeks and entailed a range of techniques which are described in some detail. Treatment was evaluated using a novel generative drawing assessment in which subjects were required to draw absent items in response to photographic and conversational cues. Preand post‐therapy assessments of untreated skills, such as comprehension, naming and gesture, were also conducted. The results indicated that, as a group, the subjects' drawing improved. Unchanged performance on the other assessments indicated that the gains were specific to the content of therapy and could not be attributed to spontaneous recovery. Pre‐ and post‐therapy interviews with carers (i.e. relatives and close friends of the individuals) suggested that the effects of therapy were also being felt in the home. These results have important implications for therapy with people with severe aphasia.
Discrete Cleavage Motifs of Constitutive and Immunoproteasomes Revealed by Quantitative Analysis of Cleavage Products
Authors: Toes R.E.M. , Nussbaum A.K. , Degermann S. , Schirle M. , Emmerich N.P.N. , Kraft M. , Laplace C. , Zwinderman A. , Dick T.P. , Müller J. , Schönfisch B. , Schmid C. , Fehling H.-J. , Stevanovic S. , Rammensee H.G. , Schild H. 
Published: July 2002

Proteasomes are the main proteases responsible for cytosolic protein degradation and the production of major histocompatibility complex class I ligands. Incorporation of the interferon γ–inducible subunits low molecular weight protein (LMP)-2, LMP-7, and multicatalytic endopeptidase complex–like (MECL)-1 leads to the formation of immunoproteasomes which have been associated with more efficient class I antigen processing. Although differences in cleavage specificities of constitutive and immunoproteasomes have been observed frequently, cleavage motifs have not been described previously.
We now report that cells expressing immunoproteasomes display a different peptide repertoire changing the overall cytotoxic T cell–specificity as indicated by the observation that LMP-7−/− mice react against cells of LMP-7 wild-type mice. Moreover, using the 436 amino acid protein enolase-1 as an unmodified model substrate in combination with a quantitative approach, we analyzed a large collection of peptides generated by either set of proteasomes. Inspection of the amino acids flanking proteasomal cleavage sites allowed the description of two different cleavage motifs. These motifs finally explain recent findings describing differential processing of epitopes by constitutive and immunoproteasomes and are important to the understanding of peripheral T cell tolerization/activation as well as for effective vaccine development.
Improving the outcome of facial resurfacing—prevention of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation
Authors: Gilbert Stan 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Facial resurfacing is becoming an increasingly popular method of cosmetic surgery for improving the appearance of the skin on the face and neck. However, since the majority of the population is infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by adulthood, complications such as widespread facial lesions and post-operative scarring arising from reactivation of the virus can threaten the success of the procedure. Although there are no prospective controlled trials, oral antiviral therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing post-operative reactivation of HSV-1 when administered from a minimum of 2 h before surgery and continued up to 10 days thereafter. Since such therapies have very acceptable clinical safety profiles, it has become common practice for all individuals undergoing facial resurfacing to be treated with oral antivirals effective against HSV-1, regardless of their HSV-1 history or baseline serology.
Digital Narratives of Living With Lupus: Lived Experiences and Meanings for Latin American and Latino Patients and Their Families
Authors: Colmenares‐Roa Tirsa , Gastelum‐Strozzi Alfonso , Crosley Erica , Fuentes‐Silva Yurilis , Reategui‐Sokolova Cristina , Elera‐Fitzcarrald Claudia , Ibañez Soledad , Cairoli Ernesto , Pons‐Estel Bernardo A. , Drenkard Cristina , Peláez‐Ballestas Ingris 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately affects Latin American and Latino populations, with worse outcomes compared to nonminority populations. Understanding patients' views is critical to provide culturally competent care. The objective of this research is to analyze lived experiences with SLE from comments made by Latin American and Latino patients, and their relatives and friends, on the public Facebook group “Hablemos de Lupus” (in English: “Let's Talk about Lupus”).MethodsDeidentified narratives posted as a reaction to the most popular resources shared by the page were extracted using the Facepager application. We conducted a thematic analysis under an interpretative medical anthropology framework.ResultsFive core themes were demonstrated by social media comments: lived experiences with lupus, religious/spiritual thoughts, metaphors, heredity, and experiences of family and friends. Being diagnosed with lupus is perceived as a life‐changing event. The fluctuating course of the disease causes uncertainty, and the perception of invisibility within the patient's social circle generates feelings of being misunderstood. Faith and spiritual thoughts are coping strategies. Patients use metaphors about the disease's meaning and their lived experiences (the purple butterfly, not belonging, bellicose metaphors) to communicate with others. Relatives and friends are impacted by their loved one's distress.ConclusionPatients perceive lupus as an unpredictable illness and use metaphors to foster empathy and communicate their experiences to others. Religion is as important as medical treatment to cope with the disease, and the experience of having lupus extends to family and friends. Findings can be used to improve physician–patient communication and lupus education campaigns in the Latin American and Latino population.
All‐Solid‐State Vertical Three‐Terminal N‐Type Organic Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Xie Zhichao , Zhuge Chenyu , Zhao Yanfei , Xiao Wei , Fu Yujun , Yang Dongliang , Zhang Shunpeng , Li Yingtao , Wang Qi , Wang Yazhou , Yue Wan , McCulloch Iain , He Deyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArtificial synaptic devices are the basic composition units for neuromorphic computing processors that realize massive parallel computing. However, the n‐type organic transistors have failed to achieve good performance as an artificial synaptic device for neuromorphic computing until now. Here, a vertical three‐terminal n‐type organic artificial synapse (TNOAS) using a lithium ion‐based organic dielectric and the n‐type donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymer‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxylic‐diimide‐thiophene‐vinyl‐thiophene (NDI‐gTVT) as the channel is proposed. The TNOAS achieves nonvolatile conductance modulation with high current density operation (≈10 KA cm−2) at low voltage and mimics the basic functions of biological synapses, such as long‐term synaptic plasticity and paired‐pulse facilitation. The minimum energy consumption of a response event triggered by a single action potential is 6.16 pJ, which can be comparable with p‐type counterparts. Moreover, simulation using handwritten digital datasets exhibit a high recognition accuracy of 94%.
Kirigami Design and Modeling for Strong, Lightweight Metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Hongying , Paik Jamie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKirigami is the art of paper cutting, and it is emerging as an elegant design and manufacturing solution in mechanical metamaterials. Currently, the majority of kirigami designs focus on shape‐morphing, but there is little attention on the remarkable mechanical properties they can produce: high strength to weight ratio where they can bear thousands of times of their own weight. This paper proposes a kirigami‐based, strong, yet lightweight metamaterial, which is created by folding pop‐up and pop‐down from a checkerboard pattern with blocks. To transform the kirigami metamaterial into arbitrary objects, the challenge lies in how to automatically design the kirigami folding to approximate the outline of the object. Herein, a computational model that is based on deploying discretized objects onto a planar sheet is proposed. Additionally, to achieve high strength, a glue‐free connector that can lock the collocated cuts in the folded configuration is designed. The standard compression tests show that the kirigami metamaterial, weighing 12.05 g, can carry 346.4 N payloads. Meanwhile, six examples of curved surfaces are prototyped to verify the shape transforming capability of the proposed kirigami metamaterial. This study paves the way towards using the kirigami technique for weight reduction in industrial applications.
Hierarchical Architecture of Well‐Aligned Nanotubes Supported Bimetallic Catalysis for Efficient Oxygen Redox
Authors: Zhang Qing , Liu Pengfei , Fu Xiaogang , Yuan Yang , Wang Liguang , Gao Rui , Zheng Lirong , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRational design of efficient non‐precious materials for oxygen redox electrocatalysis is currently a critical obstacle for rechargeable zinc‐air batteries. Herein, this work presents a strategy to modulate the activity and mass transfer performance for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts. This is achieved via a prior vacuum heat treatment‐assisted pyrolysis approach, obtaining atomically disperse Fe/Co sites and alloy nanoparticle composites rooted in the unique well‐aligned nanotubes hierarchical architecture. The design of multiple metal active species and hierarchically porous structure facilitates the bifunctional activity and accessibility of the active sites, respectively, which affords the catalyst enhanced performance in rechargeable zinc‐air batteries, outperforming the commercial Pt/C‐Ir/C benchmarks. This work provides a new avenue to improve activity and accessibility together with single atomic catalysts as advanced bifunctional air cathodes for efficient oxygen redox electrocatalysis.
Biopolymer‐Based Multilayer Microparticles for Probiotic Delivery to Colon
Authors: Talebian Sepehr , Schofield Timothy , Valtchev Peter , Schindeler Aaron , Kavanagh John M. , Adil Qayyum , Dehghani Fariba 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe potential health benefits of probiotics may not be realized because of the substantial reduction in their viability during food storage and gastrointestinal transit. Microencapsulation has been successfully utilized to improve the resistance of probiotics to critical conditions. Owing to the unique properties of biopolymers, they have been prevalently used for microencapsulation of probiotics. However, majority of microencapsulated products only contain a single layer of protection around probiotics, which is likely to be inferior to more sophisticated approaches. This review discusses emerging methods for the multilayer encapsulation of probiotic using biopolymers. Correlations are drawn between fabrication techniques and the resultant microparticle properties. Subsequently, multilayer microparticles are categorized based on their layer designs. Recent reports of specific biopolymeric formulations are examined regarding their physical and biological properties. In particular, animal models of gastrointestinal transit and disease are highlighted, with respect to trials of multilayer microencapsulated probiotics. To conclude, novel materials and approaches for fabrication of multilayer structures are highlighted.
High On/Off Ratio Spintronic Multi‐Level Memory Unit for Deep Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Kun , Jia Xiaotao , Cao Kaihua , Wang Jinkai , Zhang Yue , Lin Kelian , Chen Lei , Feng Xueqiang , Zheng Zhenyi , Zhang Zhizhong , Zhang Youguang , Zhao Weisheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpintronic devices are considered as one of the most promising technologies for non‐volatile memory and computing. However, two crucial drawbacks, that is, lack of intrinsic multi‐level operation and low on/off ratio, greatly hinder their further application for advanced computing concepts, such as deep neural network (DNN) accelerator. In this paper, a spintronic multi‐level memory unit with high on/off ratio is proposed by integrating several series‐connected magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and a Schottky diode in parallel. Due to the rectification effect on the PMA MTJ, an on/off ratio over 100, two orders of magnitude higher than intrinsic values, is obtained under proper proportion of alternating current and direct current. Multiple resistance states are stably achieved and can be reconfigured by spin transfer torque effect. A computing‐in‐memory architecture based DNN accelerator for image classification with the experimental parameters of this proposal to evidence its application potential is also evaluated. This work can satisfy the rigorous requirements of DNN for memory unit and promote the development of high‐accuracy and robust artificial intelligence applications.
Mechanistic Elucidation of Electronically Conductive PEDOT:PSS Tailored Binder for a Potassium‐Ion Battery Graphite Anode: Electrochemical, Mechanical, and Thermal Safety Aspects
Authors: Gribble Daniel A. , Li Zheng , Ozdogru Bertan , McCulfor Evan , Çapraz Ömer Ö. , Pol Vilas G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are considered more appropriate for grid‐scale storage than lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to similar operating chemistry, abundant precursors, and compatibility with low‐cost graphite anodes. However, a larger ion reduces rate capabilities and exacerbates capacity fading from volumetric expansion. Herein, conductive polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is substituted for standard insulating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Half‐cells using carbon black (CB) in continuously conductive PEDOT:PSS/CB binder outperforms PVDF/CB by mitigating electrically isolated “dead” graphite, improving 100 cycle capacity retention at C/10 from 63 to 80%. Enhanced electrical contact with PEDOT:PSS/CB also reduces ion impedance and improves rate capabilities. Without CB however, PEDOT:PSS binder performs poorly in electrochemical studies despite promising ex situ electronic conductivity. This discrepancy is mechanistically elucidated through identification of redox activity between PEDOT:PSS and K+ which results in high impedances in the anode operating voltage window. Additionally, the impact of conducting binder on mechanical properties and thermal safety of the anode is investigated. Brittleness and poor wettability of PEDOT:PSS are identified as issues, but greater stability against reactive KC8 reduces overall heat generation. Binder substitution offers a promising means of mitigating issues with current KIB anodes regardless of active material, and the work herein addresses issues towards further improvement.
Entanglement of Spatial and Energy Segmentation for C1 Pathways in CO2 Reduction on Carbon Skeleton Supported Atomic Catalysts
Authors: Sun Mingzi , Wong Hon Ho , Wu Tong , Dougherty Alan William , Huang Bolong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 has become the most attractive approach to generate value‐added chemicals and fuels. Products of single atomic catalysts (SAC) in CO2 reduction reaction reactions (CO2RR) are mostly limited to CO since the contributions of spatial and thermodynamic factors are not distinguished. To break through the challenges, comprehensive explorations in graphdiyne(GDY)‐based SAC are made, to reveal detailed influences of active sites, elements, and adsorptions on the selectivity and reaction energy of the C1 pathway. Unique d electrons dominated adsorption behaviors are identified, where the d6 boundary is able to help screen out promising candidates for achieving complicated C2+ products. Based on spatial and thermodynamic factors, metal sites are still the most promising active sites. The transition metal based GDY‐SACs show element‐dependent electroactivity towards different products in CO2RR. Meanwhile, the GDY‐Pr and GDY‐Pm SACs are promising candidates for the CO2RR and even C2 products in the future. This work supplies in‐depth insights into the CO2RR to facilitate the design of efficient atomic catalysts in future work.