bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydronaphthalenes by Cu-Catalyzed Reaction of 2-(Alkynyl)benzaldehydes and Alcohols
Authors: Umeda Rui , Kimura Naoki , Ishii Sayaka , Nishiyama Yutaka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe reaction of 2-(alkynyl)benzaldehydes with alcohols in the presence of copper catalyst resulted in the selective synthesis of the 1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivatives. On the reaction, it was proposed that the reaction proceeds via the intramolecular dehydration of alcohols followed by the reaction with 2-(alkynyl)benzaldehydes.
Various Intubations in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Koushik Bhavana B.S. , Singh Madhumati , Kumar Sendhil , Nagesh Sanjeev 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to determine various routes of intubations in patients, based on the type of facio-maxillary procedures planned.
Materials and Methods A prospective study in patients undergoing various oral and maxillofacial procedures between March 2021 and December 2021, who were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Statistical Analysis Used Descriptive statistical analysis with SPSS 26 software.
Results Total 33 cases were considered for the study among which it is seen that nasal intubation is the most commonly used route of intubation (n = 23; 69.7%) followed by oral (n = 5; 15.2%), fiberoptic (n = 3; 9.1%), submental (n = 1; 3%), and tracheostomy (n = 1; 3%). Most cases operated were of trauma (n = 19; 57.6%).
Conclusion For better surgical access and visibility, proper selection of route of intubation is necessary given its proximity to the site of surgery. Although nasal route is the most commonly used route in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral, submental, fiberoptic, and tracheostomy are some of the routes whose application needs to be further researched.
Increasing the robustness of uplift modeling using additional splits and diversified leaf select
Authors: Oechsle Frank 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects the world economy in general, the crisis accelerates concurrently the rapidly growing subscription business and online purchases. This provokes a steadily increasing demand of reliable measures to prevent customer churn which unchanged is not covered. The research analyses how preventive uplift modeling approaches based on decision trees can be modified. Thereby, it aims to reduce the risk of churn increases in scenarios with systematically occurring local estimation errors. Additionally, it compares several novel spatial distance and churn likelihood respecting selection methods applied on a real-world dataset. In conclusion, it is a procedure with incorporated additional and engineered decision tree splits that dominates the results of an appropriate Monte Carlo simulation. This newly introduced method lowers probability and negative impacts of counterproductive churn prevention campaigns without substantial loss of expected churn likelihood reduction effected by those same campaigns.
Dilution of expertise in the rise and fall of collective innovation
Authors: Duran-Nebreda Salva , O’Brien Michael J. , Bentley R. Alexander , Valverde Sergi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiversity drives both biological and artificial evolution. A prevalent assumption in cultural evolution is that the generation of novel features is an inherent property of a subset of the population (e.g., experts). In contrast, diversity—the fraction of objects in the corpus that are unique—exhibits complex collective dynamics such as oscillations that cannot be simply reduced to individual attributes. Here, we explore how a popular cultural domain can rapidly expand to the point where it exceeds the supply of subject-specific experts and the balance favours imitation over invention. At this point, we expect diversity to decrease and information redundancy to increase as ideas are increasingly copied rather than invented. We test our model predictions on three case studies: early personal computers and home consoles, social media posts, and cryptocurrencies. Each example exhibits a relatively abrupt departure from standard diffusion models during the exponential increase in the number of imitators. We attribute this transition to the “dilution of expertise.” Our model recreates observed patterns of diversity, complexity and artifact trait distributions, as well as the collective boom-and-bust dynamics of innovation.
Raising canine: Cross-species parallels in parental investment
Authors: Steiner Eric T. , Silver N. Clayton , Hall Pam , Downing Chantal , Hurton Dominic , Gray Peter B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Parental investment tends to vary as a function of parental status, i.e., biological/adoptive parents tend to invest more in their children than stepparents. Given the similarities in some of the ways humans interact with children versus pet dogs, the current study investigated whether dog keepers’ “parental” status predicts parental response toward their dogs. More specifically, differences in parental response were examined in 863 participants who were grouped as follows: 701 who chose to acquire a dog (i.e., “adoptive” dog keepers), 89 whose dog was acquired by a relative such as a parent or sibling (i.e., “relative” dog keepers), and 73 whose dog was acquired by a significant other (i.e., “stepparent” dog keepers). Pen-and-paper and online surveys were administered to measure four dimensions of parental response: attachment, investment, abuse, and anthropomorphism with respect to individuals’ pet dogs. In addition, attitudes towards dogs in general were assessed. Results indicated that adoptive dog keepers exhibit significantly greater attachment and investment in their dogs than stepparent dog keepers. No differences in abuse or anthropomorphism appeared among groups. The findings have implications for the welfare of dogs and further our understanding of human-dog interactions by highlighting a similarity between parental investment in children versus dogs.
When do psychologists pay attention to children harming animals?
Authors: Signal T. , Ghea V. , Taylor N. , Acutt D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Intentional cruelty to animals (CTA) by children and the implications thereof have been examined theoretically and empirically for many years, and there is now a well-developed literature base suggesting that this type of aberrant behavior warrants close (and immediate) attention, especially from clinicians, for a number of reasons. Research suggests there may be links between CTA and later aggression and/or violence towards humans as well as other problematic behaviors. Despite this the main diagnostic tool for most practising psychologists in Australia, the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR
(
American Psychological Association (APA), 2000
), only includes CTA as a diagnostic feature in Conduct Disorder (CD). One implication of this limited inclusion may be that psychologists overlook disclosures of CTA in cases where CD is not indicated, thereby missing an important ‘red flag’ for other behavioral and emotional disturbances and/or abuse. The current study presents the findings from a survey completed by a sample of practicing psychologists in Queensland, Australia (n=69) that uses two vignettes (drawn from real case studies) to investigate the attention paid, and importance ascribed, to disclosures of intentional animal harm and the psychologists’ intentions to treat CTA. While there was a high level of agreement across the sample regarding the key clinical indicators (and suggested diagnosis) for each vignette, most of the participants endorsed CTA as a key indicator only within the vignette that met the criteria for a CD diagnosis. Even when CTA was acknowledged as a significant indicator, few listed it as a primary area for intervention. The implications of this along with the differing patterns of endorsement across regional/rural and metropolitan-based psychologists are discussed.
Becoming relationally effective: High-risk boys in animal-assisted therapy
Authors: Schneider Abbey Ann , Rosenberg Josie , Baker Megan , Melia Nate , Granger Ben , Biringen Zeynep 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

This study was conducted to formally evaluate the effectiveness of the Human Animal Bond in Colorado (HABIC, 2010), a well-developed animal-assisted therapy (AAT) intervention based in 23 elementary schools in the Front Range. Previous research on the benefits of human and dog relationships, otherwise called the human-animal bond, has provided support for using measures of attachment to rate the quality of connection within this dyad (
Kurdek, 2008
;
Melson, 2003
;
Triebenbacher, 1998
). The Emotional Availability (EA) Scales 4
th
Edition (
Biringen, 2008
), an attachment-derived system, were used to objectively evaluate the interactions in the human-animal team, representing the first use of the EA system to assess the quality of the human-animal bond. In addition, the Bonding Scale (
Angle, Blumentritt, & Swank, 1994
) was used to assess the child’s report of bonding to the dog; the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher Report Form (
Achenbach, 1991
) were used to assess behavior problems; and school records yielded information about attendance and disciplinary referrals. All of the participants in this study were boys considered to be at high-risk for internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Paired-sample t-tests revealed that EA (child-dog and child-adult) significantly increased from pre- to post-test. (Child-adult EA scores apply to the child’s display of EA towards both the adult dog trainer and the school professional on the HABIC team.) In addition, a significant decrease was seen in student disciplinary referrals from pre- to post-test.
Equine assisted social work as a mean for authentic relations between clients and staff
Authors: Carlsson Catharina , Nilsson Ranta Daniel , Traeen Bente 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore, by qualitative methods, the meaning of equine-assisted social work (EASW) both to young women with self-harm problems and their staff in residential treatment. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with eight staff members and nine clients. Human-horse interaction was observed subsequently in three of the staff and four of the clients. Based on the narratives of the staff members and the clients, who agreed, the horse’s ability to read human emotions made the staff and clients aware of their own emotions. In order not to alienate the horse or make the situation dangerous, which intensified their sense of being in the present, both the clients and staff had to regulate their emotions. As a result the resistance for change decreased, made the participants more likely to regulate their emotions and change behavior rather than avoid the situation or the information. The horse seemed to set the framework for the interaction between the staff and young women. The fact that even the staff could fail in the interaction with the horse, affected the interaction between staff and clients making it more informal and dynamic. A relationship based on empathy, trust, respect and negotiation, where clients shared private matters, resulted in the perception of a more authentic relationship. Further research is needed to see which conditions are favourable for achieving an authentic relationship and which conditions possibly fail.
Effect of Animal-Assisted Play Therapy on Facilitating Social Behavior for Children with Autism: A Preliminary Comparison Study
Authors: Fung Suk Chun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Despite evidence that Animal-Assisted Play Therapy increases the positive social behavior of children with autism, little is known about the mechanism of this treatment effect. In the present study, ten children with autism, aged 7-10, were randomized into two groups. One group attended 14 individual sessions of structured Animal-Assisted Play Therapy (AAPT) with a therapy dog, while the comparison group attended 14 individual sessions with a doll as the dog surrogate. Nonparametric tests showed that overall, children’s social behaviors were similar in the two treatments, with a trend toward more positive verbal behavior with AAPT. However, the AAPT group showed significantly less negative behavior toward the social object (the therapy dog) compared with the comparison group’s behavior toward the doll. The therapy dog’s unambiguous response to the children’s behavior and the dog’s role in modeling social behaviors are possible explanations for the more positive outcomes seen in AAPT.
Earliest Memories of Pets Predict Adult Attitudes: Phenomenological, Structural, and Textual Analyses
Authors: Marshall Philip H. , Ireland Molly E. , Dalton Audrey A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The human-animal interaction literature has many examples of how early childhood experiences affect adult pet attitudes, social development, and empathy; however, there have been no specific studies of the memories that are the bases of these attitudes and dispositions. In this study, adults described their earliest childhood memories of a pet, friend, or automobile in their own words, rated each memory on several phenomenological dimensions, and reported their current attitudes towards pets. Participants rated pet memories as being more emotionally intense and accessible and having more sensory detail than friend memories. Earliest memories of a friend were more positive than earliest memories of pets, largely due to early pet memories focusing more on death and loss. There was a modest positive correlation between assessed pet memory valence and attitudes towards pets. Participants who recalled memories of their own pet and described more interactive pet memories had more positive adult attitudes towards pets. Results of the linguistic analysis of the recorded memories converged with the valence and pet attitude measures, and further showed that negative emotion words and impersonal pronouns used in pet and friend memories were more similar for those with more positive attitudes toward pets. The study reveals the complexities of the relationship between the earliest childhood memories of pets and adult attitudes towards pets. Future research should investigate how pets are represented and processed in the full range of human cognition.
Exploring Risk Propensity through Pet-Attachment Diversity in Natural Hazard Contexts
Authors: Trigg Joshua , Thompson Kirrilly , Smith Bradley , Bennett Pauleen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review examines the perceptual and behavioural influences that pet-attachment has on the ways in which owners view risk, appraise threat, and respond to environmental hazards. Understanding how human-companion animal relationships function in this context has profound implications for the welfare of both people and their animals. Despite originating from human-attachment models, current perspectives on relationships with companion animals commonly adopt a unidimensional view of pet-attachment as a singular bond. This bypasses important aspects of attachment, ignoring the diversity evident in these relationships and, consequently, differences in risk processes. We argue that by adopting a pet-attachment ‘communities’ model that more closely approximates human-attachment theory, a nuanced understanding of perceptual and behavioural risk propensities that distinguishes between different types of ‘stronger’ and ‘weaker’ or insecure attachments can be achieved. We consider how research regarding pet- and human-attachment can be used to identify potential communities of the pet-attached. A community perspective upon pet-owner risk propensity will contribute to a social-ecological understanding of these relationships as potential protective factors when confronting environmental threats. Finally, we propose that future research relating to pet-attachment can benefit from current human-attachment findings regarding the wider social nature of attachment relationships.
Who Do Parrots Talk To? Agreeableness and a Serious Approach Increase the Production of Word-like Utterances by African Grey Parrots
Authors: Lindová Jitka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLabel acquisition projects with the grey parrot(Psittacus erithacus)demonstrated cognitive and communicative skills of this species comparable to great apes. However, results differ profoundly between individuals and laboratories. Two studies investigated the relationship between the characteristics, behaviors and attitudes of human trainers and caregivers, and the word-like sound production of grey parrots. In Study 1, 78 student subjects, who had trained two parrots for five years in our laboratory with the model/rival technique (used to teach animals to use vocal labels in a symbolic way), filled out the personality questionnaire NEO-Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and answered additional questions about motivation, approach to animals etc. Parrots’ communication during sessions with individual trainers was associated with higher agreeableness, a more serious approach to training, and a shorter period of time serving as a trainer. In Study 2, 29 pet owners and their respective parrots were tested using analogous questions used in Study 1. Results confirmed the effect of agreeableness and a serious approach to training on the production of human words uttered by parrots. In addition, pet owners with higher interest in bird communication had parrots that produced more words. Both studies indicate that the success of communication projects with grey parrots or other species might have been influenced by the characteristics of trainers/caregivers and their relationships with the trained animals.
Animal-assisted therapy in the view of staff members before and after implementation in a rehabilitation clinic.
Authors: Hediger Karin , Hund-Georgiadis Margret 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is a method that is used with increasing frequency for patients with various problems in many rehabilitation programs. The success of such programs often depends on staff members’ attitudes. However, there is little data investigating staff concerns about animal-assisted interventions and change of staff attitudes over time in a healthcare setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of staff working in a Swiss rehabilitation center before and after the implementation of animal-assisted therapy. Before implementing animal-assisted therapy at a rehabilitation clinic in Basel, Switzerland, the expectations and concerns of the entire staff were assessed using a questionnaire with Likert scales and open questions. One year after the start of the program, staff members completed an analog questionnaire to assess actual experiences with including animals at the facility. Questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric correlations, and comparisons of means. Prior to implementation of animal-assisted therapy, most of the clinic staff had positive expectations (91.1% positive feelings). However, a substantial number of staff anticipated problems with hygiene (30.0%) and injuries (37.9%). After implementation, significant less problems were noted (p < .001). The positive attitudes remained stable in the context of practical experiences (p = .680). Moreover, staff members were positively influenced by the presence of the animals. Staff members in healthcare settings have high acceptance of animal-assisted therapy. Actual experiences of the staff with animal-assisted therapy were more positive than their expectations. Anticipated problems were not reported after implementation and staff members expressed a positive influence from the presence of the animals, viewing it as enrichment to their job. Further research should investigate the effects of animal-assisted interventions to determine the potential for prevention of burnout in healthcare staff.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Traditional Psychosocial and Canine-Assisted Interventions for Children with ADHD
Authors: Schuck Sabrina E.B. , Emmerson Natasha A. , Abdullah Maryam M. , Fine Aubrey H. , Stehli Annamarie , Lakes Kimberley D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

This study provides findings on the final main outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of psychosocial intervention with and without canine assisted intervention (CAI) for children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Eighty-eight children, ages 7-9 with ADHD, combined subtype were randomly assigned to 12-week intervention groups (CAI or Non-CAI). Outcome measures were collected across multiple domains and time points. Main effects of group were revealed for total ADHD symptoms (
p
<.05), inattention (
p
=.01) and social skills (
p
=.04), indicating that the CAI group fared better than the non-CAI group. A significant interaction of group by time on ratings of problem behaviors (
p
=.02) and social initiation (
p
=.03), indicated the CAI group demonstrated a modest benefit over the non-CAI group in these domains. This manuscript describes the results and discusses the benefits and limitations of this intervention for children with ADHD.
The Knowledge of Animals as Food Scale
Authors: Feltz Silke , Feltz Adam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There have been extensive outreach programs to educate people about the realities of animal food production. However, there has been relatively little attention to measuring what people actually know about the production of animal food products and the conditions in which those animals exist. A reliable measure of knowledge of animal products is required to determine if making people more knowledgeable about the condition of animals reduces animal product consumption. In four studies, we developed an objective measure of knowledge of animal consumption — the Knowledge of Animals as Food Scale (KAFS). Study 1 (N = 265) used Item Response Theory to analyze 35 knowledge-based items. Based on Study 1, Study 2 (N = 243) tested the 11 best knowledge-based items and demonstrated that the scale had convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. The KAFS successfully predicted fewer numbers of days per the average week one consumes meat. Study 3 (N = 289) refined the instrument to nine items and replicated the results of Study 2. Study 4 (N = 201) replicated the results and provided causal evidence that a very brief educational intervention can increase knowledge measured by the scale (d = .28). In Studies 2, 3, and 4, the KAFS was often a unique or best predictor of consumption of animal products compared to other values concerning animals. Having a valid, reliable measure of knowledge of animals used as food has important psychological and ethical implications including providing insight on whether education works and ways to help promote individual autonomy.