bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed multireservoir engineering for a trapped ion with applications to state synthesis and quantum Otto cycles
Authors: Teixeira W S , Keller M K , Semião F L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Conducting an open quantum system towards a desired steady state through reservoir engineering is a remarkable task that takes dissipation and decoherence as tools rather than impediments. Here we develop a collisional model to implement reservoir engineering for the one-dimensional harmonic motion of a trapped ion. Our scheme is based on the pulsed interaction between the vibrational mode and the electronic levels of a trapped ion, which is promoted by resolved-sideband lasers. Having multiple internal levels, we show that multiple reservoirs can be engineered, allowing for more efficient synthesis of well-known non-classical states of motion and the generation of states that are unfeasible with a single-bath setup, for instance, thermal states with arbitrary positive temperatures. We apply these ideas to quantum Otto cycles beyond purely thermal reservoirs. In particular, we present general conditions for the violation of the standard Otto bound in the limiting regime of non-adiabatic dynamics.
Nonlinear Maxwell equations and strong-field electrodynamics
Authors: Bruce S A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate two Lagrangian models of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED). These models lead to two different sets of nonlinear (NL) Maxwell equations. The first case deals with the well-known Heisenberg-Euler (HE) model of electromagnetic (EM) self-interactions in a vacuum where only the lowest orders in EM Lorentz invariants are considered. The second instance proposes an extension of the HE model. It consists of a NL Maxwell-Dirac spinor model where the EM field modifies the dynamics of the energy-momentum operator sector of the Dirac Lagrangian instead of its rest-mass term counterpart. This work complements our recent research on NL Dirac equations in the strong EM field regime.
Predicting outcomes of electric dipole and magnetic moment experiments
Authors: Baryshevsky V G , Porshnev P I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments in spin motion equation acquire pseudoscalar corrections if the T(CP)-noninvariance is admitted. It allows to explain the discrepancy between experimental and theoretical values of muon g–2 factor under assumption that the pseudoscalar correction is the dominant source of this discrepancy.
Primordial tensor bispectra in μ-CMB cross-correlations
Authors: Orlando Giorgio , Meerburg P. Daniel , Patil Subodh P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cross-correlations between Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies and μ-spectral distortions have been considered to measure (squeezed) primordial scalar bispectra in a range of scales inaccessible to primary CMB bispectra. In this work we address whether it is possible to constrain tensor non-Gaussianities with these cross-correlations. We find that only primordial tensor bispectra with statistical anisotropies leave distinct signatures, while isotropic tensor bispectra leave either vanishing or highly suppressed signatures. We discuss how the angular dependence of squeezed bispectra in terms of the short and long momenta determine the non-zero cross-correlations. We also discuss how these non-vanishing configurations are affected by the way in which primordial bispectra transform under parity. By employing the so-called BipoSH formalism to capture the observational effects of statistical anisotropies, we make Fisher-forecasts to assess the detection prospects from μ T, μ E and μ B cross-correlations. Observing statistical anisotropies in squeezed ⟨γγγ⟩ and ⟨γγζ⟩ bispectra is going to be challenging as the imprint of tensor perturbations on μ-distortions is subdominant to scalar perturbations, therefore requiring a large, independent amplification of the effect of tensor perturbations in the μ-epoch. In absence of such a mechanism, statistical anisotropies in squeezed ⟨ζζγ⟩ bispectrum are the most relevant sources of μ T, μ E and μ B cross-correlations. In particular, we point out that in anisotropic inflationary models where ⟨ζζζ⟩ leaves potentially observable signatures in μ T and μ E, the detection prospects of ⟨ζζγ⟩ from μ B are enhanced.
Schizophrenia induces abnormal frequency-dependent patterns of dynamic brain network reconfiguration during an auditory oddball task
Authors: Núñez Pablo , Gómez Carlos , Rodríguez-González Víctor , Hillebrand Arjan , Tewarie Prejaas , Gomez-Pilar Javier , Molina Vicente , Hornero Roberto , Poza Jesús 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that has been shown to disturb the dynamic top-down processing of sensory information. Various imaging techniques have revealed abnormalities in brain activity associated with this disorder, both locally and between cerebral regions. However, there is increasing interest in investigating dynamic network response to novel and relevant events at the network level during an attention-demanding task with high-temporal-resolution techniques. The aim of the work was: (i) to test the capacity of a novel algorithm to detect recurrent brain meta-states from auditory oddball task recordings; and (ii) to evaluate how the dynamic activation and behavior of the aforementioned meta-states were altered in schizophrenia, since it has been shown to impair top-down processing of sensory information. Approach. A novel unsupervised method for the detection of brain meta-states based on recurrence plots and community detection algorithms, previously tested on resting-state data, was used on auditory oddball task recordings. Brain meta-states and several properties related to their activation during target trials in the task were extracted from electroencephalography data from patients with schizophrenia and cognitively healthy controls. Main results. The methodology successfully detected meta-states during an auditory oddball task, and they appeared to show both frequency-dependent time-locked and non-time-locked activity with respect to the stimulus onset. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia displayed higher network diversity, and showed more sluggish meta-state transitions, reflected in increased dwell times, less complex meta-state sequences, decreased meta-state space speed, and abnormal ratio of negative meta-state correlations. Significance. Abnormal cognition in schizophrenia is also reflected in decreased brain flexibility at the dynamic network level, which may hamper top-down processing, possibly indicating impaired decision-making linked to dysfunctional predictive coding. Moreover, the results showed the ability of the methodology to find meaningful and task-relevant changes in dynamic connectivity and pathology-related group differences.
Validation of realistic Monte Carlo plasma gamma-ray source on JET discharges
Authors: Žohar A. , Nocente M. , Kos B. , Štancar Ž. , Rebai M. , Rigamonti D. , Craciunescu T. , Gorelenkova M. , Kazakov Ye.O. , Kiptily V.G. , Snoj L. , Tardocchi M. , Lengar I. , JET Contributors  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel modelling methodology has been developed for the creation of a realistic plasma gamma-ray source for Monte Carlo transport simulations in the tokamak JET. The methodology couples the TRANSP code for plasma transport calculations with the MCNP Monte Carlo particle transport code, thus connecting plasma physics with gamma-ray transport. This paper presents the validation of the developed source methodology by comparing calculated gamma-ray spectra with measurements performed at JET. The validation focuses on gamma-ray spectra measured by the tangential gamma-ray spectrometer during two JET three ion RF scenario discharges, performed in the JET 2019 deuterium experimental campaign. For validation the calculated plasma gamma-ray spectrum was combined with the neutron induced prompt gamma-ray background, originating in the vacuum vessel, and scaled to absolute values calculating the total number of plasma gamma-ray and neutron emitting reactions. The comparison between calculated and measured gamma-ray spectra shows good agreement with the shape of the calculated gamma-ray spectra matching that of measurements for both studied discharges. Moreover, the calculated absolute values of the gamma-ray spectra were of the same order of magnitude at the position of the gamma-ray detector located at the end of a long line-of-sight in a biological shield. The comparison has validated the developed plasma gamma-ray source methodology for MCNP photon transport calculations at JET. The validation provides a basis for the developed plasma gamma-ray source to be used as a support for the development of future tokamaks such as DEMO.
Prototype design and performance test of a cosmic ray tracker
Authors: Zhang L. , Dong Y. , Liu Y. , Ma L. , Wu Q. , Yan M. , Peng S. , Qian S. , Wang C. , Wang Z. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility has been proposed as one of the several space astronomy payloads onboard the future China’s Space Station (CSS), which is planned for operation starting around 2027 for about 10 years. A cosmic ray tracker with position resolution of better than 1 mm and effective detection area of 1 m × 1 m is designed to do detector performance study for sub-detector of the HERD on the ground. The tracker consisits of 1.0 m long scintillating fibers with a diameter of 1 mm which will be arranged in 3 staggered layers. The fibers will be read out by arrays of SiPMs. The performance of a small prototype module is built and tested with radioactive source 90-Sr and cosmic ray. The measured light output of the 3-layer fiber module is larger than 10 photoelectrons per MIP events.
Invisible barcode method base on NDT photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Setiawan A. , Mitrayana  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The use of barcode technology has spread in many fields
since it is cheaper and easier to use. To date, the barcode
technology is applied by placing a code on a label surface. This
makes access easier but also increases security risks. Security
breaches can occur either due to physical damage to the code or code
hijacking for inappropriate purposes. This paper reports the
development of the subsurface barcode coding method by utilizing
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) photoacoustic imaging. Referring to
the Rosencwig-Gersho theory, photoacoustics can image the subsurface
conditions by adjusting the thermal conductivity length. In this
experiment, a number of cavities representing barcodes were embedded
in a metal object. The experimental results show that this method
can decode the 3-digit Flattermarken code embedded in a 1 mm thick
metal object again. The success of this new method is expected to
open up more opportunities for barcodes that are more secure and
resistant to tampering.
A simple framework to characterize land aridity based on surface energy partitioning regimes
Authors: He Qing , Lu Hui , Yang Kun , Leung L Ruby , Pan Ming , He Jie , Yao Panpan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Land aridity is often characterized by the aridity index (AI), which does not account for land surface water-energy interactions that are crucially important in determining regional climate. Such interactions can be captured by the evaporative fraction (EF, ratio of evapotranspiration to available energy) regimes. As EF is subject to energy and water limitations in humid and dry areas, respectively, EF regimes may be used to characterize land aridity to account for the influence of complex land characteristics and their impact on water availability. Here, we propose a simple framework to characterize land aridity by statistically ranking the coupling strength between EF and surface energy and water terms. The framework is demonstrated using gridded data and compared with AI over the U.S. and China. Results show that regionalization of aridity zones based on EF regimes and a two-tiered classification scheme may provide information such as surface energy and water variability complementary to the background aridity depicted by AI, with implications for extreme events.
Non-linear response of temperature-related mortality risk to global warming in England and Wales
Authors: Huang Wan Ting Katty , Braithwaite Isobel , Charlton-Perez Andrew , Sarran Christophe , Sun Ting 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate change is expected to lead to changes in seasonal temperature-related mortality. However, this impact on health risk does not necessarily scale linearly with increasing temperature. By examining changes in risk relative to degrees of global warming, we show that there is a delayed emergence of the increase in summer mean mortality risk in England and Wales. Due to the relatively mild summer mean temperatures under the current climate and the non-linearity of the exposure–response relationships, minimal changes in summer mean risk are expected at lower levels of warming and an escalation in risk is projected beyond 2.5 °C of global warming relative to pre-industrial levels. In contrast, a 42% increase in mortality risk during summer heat extremes is already expected by 2 °C global warming. Winter attributable mortalities, on the other hand, are projected to decrease largely linearly with global warming in England and Wales.
Social vulnerability in a multi-hazard context: a systematic review
Authors: Drakes Oronde , Tate Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The interacting effects of multiple hazards pose a substantial challenge to poverty reduction and national development. Yet, social vulnerability to multiple hazards is a relatively understudied, though growing concern. The impacts of climate hazards in particular, leave increasingly large populations becoming more exposed and susceptible to the devastating effects of repeat, chronic and sequential natural hazards. Multi-hazard research has focused on the physical aspects of natural hazards, giving less attention to the social facets of human-hazard interaction. Further, there is no single conceptualization of ‘multi-hazard’. This systematic review utilizes correlations and hierarchical clustering to determine how social vulnerability is assessed in the context of the three most common classifications of ‘multi-hazard’: aggregate, cascading and compound. Results reveal these classifications of ‘multi-hazard’ each focus on different aspects of social vulnerability. Studies in the aggregate classification of multi-hazard were more likely to represent social vulnerability as an outcome of hazard events, while those in the cascading and compound classifications more often addressed social vulnerability as a preexisting condition. Further, knowledge of social vulnerability to multi-hazards comes mainly from the aggregate classification and the mitigation phase of the disaster cycle. The difference in perspectives of social vulnerability covered, and limited context in which multi-hazard studies of social vulnerability have been applied, mean a full understanding of social vulnerability remains elusive. We argue that research should focus on the cascading and compound classifications of multi-hazards, which are more suited to interrogating how human-(multi)hazard interactions shape social vulnerability.
Obtaining the long-term behavior of master equations with finite state space from the structure of the associated state transition network
Authors: Fernengel Bernd , Drossel Barbara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The master equation describes the time evolution of the probabilities of a system with a discrete state space. This time evolution approaches for long times a stationary state that will in general depend on the initial probability distribution. Conditions under which the stationary state is unique are usually given as remarks appended to more comprehensive theories in the mathematical literature. We provide a direct and complete derivation of a necessary and sufficient criterion for when this steady state is unique. We translate this problem into the language of graph theory and show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between minimal absorbing sets within the state-transition network and linearly independent stationary states of the master equation.
Experimental investigation of Marble powder mixed micro-electric discharge machining
Authors: Baghel Rupali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) is among the most important machining techniques for creating micro features, notably for cutting challenging materials such as superalloys, ceramics, and composite materials. To improve machining performance characteristics, micro-EDM technology was integrated with the mixing of marble powder in the dielectric fluid in this research. This work investigates the potential of marble powder mixed micro-EDM (PM- EDM) to manufacture high aspect ratio micro holes in a newly designed ceramic, TiN-Al2O3. SEM photos of the action of marble powder on the machined surface are also examined, with thermal cracking (Spalling) and melting being the most prominent mechanisms of material removal.
Simulation and Optimization of an Independent Sustainable Micro Hybrid Electricity System for Rural Consumers
Authors: Kumar Jangid Satish , Asif Iqbal Mohammad , Mishra Rahul 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A fundamental necessity for sustainable development is to ensure reliable and cost-effective access to modern energy services, primarily for the lower income and impoverished sectors of the population. Successful rural electrification is vital to bridging the rural-urban gap, given that the vast majority of the energy-deprived population resides in rural regions of developing countries. if the existing system of energy services intervened it can influence the development process by livelihood activities, micro or small enterprises, lifestyle energy services, value-added activities, survival irrigation, and so on. Different micro hybrid systems preferably with combination of renewable energy resources will be a good option for addressing given barriers. India has a large Availability of Higher solar radiations, a society that depends on agriculture has enough biomass resources, plentiful cattle dung, forest conifers and agriculture waste. In this paper, we examine the hybrid system’s techno economic feasibility and long-term viability. The system is made up of 60-kW solar photovoltaic panels (PV) and 40-kW biomass gasifier modules. Energy demand and resource availability are measured using data from comprehensive stakeholder discussions and field surveys, and they take into account daily and seasonal fluctuations in supply, end uses, and availability, as well as productive hours. The techno economic viability of electric renewable energy is evaluated using a hybrid optimization model (HOMER). Additionally, prospects for the growth of profitable uses and their extension into a long-term business model are investigated.
Sensing non-ideal microheterogeneity in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide and water
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Soumendra Nath , Singh Ajitesh , Singh Krishna Kant , Goswami Debabrata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a microscopic study of water–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) binary mixtures using optical tweezers and thermal lens techniques. Binary mixtures of DMSO with water show anomalous behavior due to the specific hydrogen bonding ability of DMSO. We use a tightly focused femtosecond laser at a low average power to optically trap microspheres with diameters of 1 micron for use as probes. The binary mixture exhibits various viscosities, depending on its composition ratio, and hence different trapped particle characteristic frequencies (corner frequencies) due to Brownian motion. The power spectrum density method is used to obtain the corner frequency from forward-scattered data. Thus, using low-power optical tweezer experiments, we find that the maximum viscosity occurs at a DMSO mole fraction of 0.276. At higher powers, the propensity for trapping is highly diminished. It may be surprising to note that these viscosity values obtained from the corner frequencies do not exactly match those published in the literature. However, this deviation can be attributed to the thermal behavior of the binary mixture, which affects the Brownian motion and hence the obtained viscosity values. Studies at the microscopic level can thus provide a newer perspective on these already important binary mixtures. Intensity-dependent measurements further confirm the contribution of thermal effects in this study.
Two-dimensional Airy waves and three-wave solitons in quadratic media
Authors: Prasatsap Unchittha , Mayteevarunyoo Thawatchai , Malomed Boris A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We address the dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) truncated Airy waves (TAWs) and three-component solitons in the system of two fundamental-frequency (FF) and second-harmonic (SH) fields, coupled by quadratic (

χ

(
2
)

) terms. The system models second–harmonic-generating optical media and atomic-molecular mixtures in Bose–Einstein condensates. In addition to stable solitons, the system maintains truncated-Airy-waves states in either one of the FF components, represented by exact solutions, which are stable, unlike the Airy waves in the degenerate (two-component)

χ

(
2
)

system. It is also possible to imprint vorticity onto the 2D Airy modes. By means of systematic simulations, we examine interactions between TAWs originally carried by different FF components, which are bending in opposite directions, through the SH field. The interaction leads to fusion of the input into a pair of narrow solitons. This is opposed to what happens in the 1D system, where the interacting Aity waves split into a large number of solitons. The interaction of truncated Aity waves carrying identical imprinted vorticities creates an additional pair of solitons, while opposite vorticities create a set of small-amplitude ‘debris’ in the output. Slowly moving solitons colliding with a heavy TAW bounce back, faster ones are absorbed by it, and collisions are quasi-elastic for fast solitons. Soliton-soliton collisions lead to merger into a single mode, or elastic passage, for lower and higher velocities, respectively.
Gas permeability measurement in porous graphite under steady-state flow
Authors: Liu Hao , Xu Ying 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Porous graphite is employed for the development of air bearings used in the ultraprecision machine tools. The static performance of this new bearing type depends on the permeability and inertia coefficient of the porous graphite inserted in it. In this study, an experimental fitting method was used in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to determine the permeability and inertia coefficient of three types of porous graphite with porosity of 16%, 13%, and 8% respectively. The experimental results show that the Compressible-Darcy-Forchheimer equation can fit the experimental mass flow rate and pressure drop well. The average permeability of SG-3, SG-5 and SG-8 porous graphite are

5.74
×

10

−
14

m2,

3.65
×

10

−
15

m2 and

1.85
×

10

−
15

m2 respectively. SG-5 and SG-8 porous graphite have good permeability consistency and can be used to make porous media air bearing. The PPSM (number of pores per square millimeter) of SG-3 and SG-8 are similar, but the permeabilities are very different. For low permeability porous graphite, samples with different sizes from the same material should be tested and the averaged inertia coefficient can be used. The accuracy of the pore-scale FVM (finite volume method) is highly dependent on the quality of the pore microstructure image.