bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shale gas well productivity potential evaluation based on data-driven methods: case study in the WY block
Authors: Tan Chaodong , Deng Hanwen , Song Wenrong , Niu Huizhao , Wang Chunqiu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvaluating the productivity potential of shale gas well before fracturing reformation is imperative due to the complex fracturing mechanism and high operation investment. However, conventional single-factor analysis method has been unable to meet the demand of productivity potential evaluation due to the numerous and intricate influencing factors. In this paper, a data-driven-based approach is proposed based on the data of 282 shale gas wells in WY block. LightGBM is used to conduct feature ranking, K-means is utilized to classify wells and evaluate gas productivity according to geological features and fracturing operating parameters, and production optimization is realized through random forest. The experimental results show that shale gas productivity potential is basically determined by geological condition for the total influence weights of geologic properties take the proportion of 0.64 and that of engineering attributes is 0.36. The difference between each category of well is more obvious when the cluster number of well is four. Meanwhile, those low production wells with good geological conditions but unreasonable fracturing schemes have the greatest optimization space. The model constructed in this paper can classify shale gas wells according to their productivity differences, help providing suggestions for engineers on productivity evaluation and the design of fracturing operating parameters of shale gas well.
Uniform probability distribution over all density matrices
Authors: Chen Eddy Keming , Tumulka Roderich 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet $$\mathscr {H}$$
H
be a finite-dimensional complex Hilbert space and $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
the set of density matrices on $$\mathscr {H}$$
H
, i.e., the positive operators with trace 1. Our goal in this note is to identify a probability measure u on $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
that can be regarded as the uniform distribution over $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
. We propose a measure on $$\mathscr {D}$$
D
, argue that it can be so regarded, discuss its properties, and compute the joint distribution of the eigenvalues of a random density matrix distributed according to this measure.
A decomposition structure learning algorithm in Bayesian network based on a two-stage combination method
Authors: Guo Huiping , Li Hongru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDecomposition hybrid algorithms with the recursive framework which recursively decompose the structural task into structural subtasks to reduce computational complexity are employed to learn Bayesian network (BN) structure. Merging rules are commonly adopted as the combination method in the combination step. The direction determination rule of merging rules has problems in using the idea of keeping v-structures unchanged before and after combination to determine directions of edges in the whole structure. It breaks down in one case due to appearances of wrong v-structures, and is hard to operate in practice. Therefore, we adopt a novel approach for direction determination and propose a two-stage combination method. In the first-stage combination method, we determine nodes, links of edges by merging rules and adopt the idea of permutation and combination to determine directions of contradictory edges. In the second-stage combination method, we restrict edges between nodes that do not satisfy the decomposition property and their parent nodes by determining the target domain according to the decomposition property. Simulation experiments on four networks show that the proposed algorithm can obtain BN structure with higher accuracy compared with other algorithms. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to the thickening process of gold hydrometallurgy to solve the practical problem.
4,4′-Dimethylazobenzene as a chemical actinometer
Authors: Casimiro Lorenzo , Andreoni Leonardo , Groppi Jessica , Credi Alberto , Métivier Rémi , Silvi Serena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChemical actinometers are a useful tool in photochemistry, which allows to measure the photon flux of a light source to carry out quantitative analysis on photoreactions. The most commonly employed actinometers so far show minor drawbacks, such as difficult data treatment, parasite reactions, low stability or impossible reset. We propose herewith the use of 4,4′-dimethylazobenzene as a chemical actinometer. This compound undergoes a clean and efficient E/Z isomerization, approaching total conversion upon irradiation at 365 nm. Thanks to its properties, it can be used to determine the photon flux in the UV–visible region, with simple experimental methods and data treatment, and with the possibility to be reused after photochemical or thermal reset.
Graphical abstract
Assessment of Sexual Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Thulium Laser Prostate Surgery for Management of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Bibo , Hao Lin , Pang Kun , Zang Guanghui , Wang Jian , Yang Chendi , Zhang Jianjun , Cai Longjun , Wang Xitao , Han Conghui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Thulium laser (Tm:YAG) prostate surgery is a safe and effective procedure with low morbidity and comparable clinical outcomes to those of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, the sexual function outcomes (erectile and ejaculatory function) have been scarcely studied.

Aim
We aimed to assess the impact of Tm:YAG prostate surgery on sexual outcomes (erectile and ejaculatory function) and compare them with those patients undergoing TURP.

Material and Methods
We searched digital databases like PUBMED, SCOPUS, CENTRAL and EMBASE using relevant keywords to identify comparative studies on TURP and non-comparative studies on Tm:YAG prostate surgery that assessed sexual outcomes. We performed qualitative and quantitative analyses with the extracted data. We carried out a meta-analysis to compare postoperative International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores and incidences of retrograde ejaculation (RE) in patients undergoing either Tm:YAG or TURP. The pre-operative and post-operative IIEF-5 scores were pooled to estimate overall scores.

Results
We included 5 comparative and 8 non-comparative studies in this review. We found the postoperative IIEF-5 score improvements to be significantly higher in the Tm:YAG prostate surgery group than in the TURP group with a significant mean difference (MD) of 0.45 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.72; P = .001). We found no significant associations between the procedures. The pooled OR for the association of RE was estimated at 0.90 (95% CI, 0.50 to 1.60; P = .71; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion
Tm:YAG prostate surgery improves erectile function more than TURP, according to our findings. Tm:YAG prostate aided surgery also outperforms TURP in terms of preserving sexual function following surgery.However, We found similar or no difference in incidence of RE between Tm:YAG prostate surgery and TURP.
Sedimentary and Crustal Structure of the Western United States From Joint Inversion of Multiple Passive Seismic Datasets
Authors: Li Guoliang , Bidgoli Tandis S. , Chen Min , Ma Xiaodan , Li Jiaqi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate seismic images of the crust are essential for assessing seismic hazards and elucidating tectonic processes that shape surface landforms. Although California and Nevada have been studied extensively using various seismic datasets and tomographic methods, the region lacks a seismic model that can accurately define both the shallow (<8 km) and deeper crust. We take the advantage of recent increases in seismic data coverage to build a new 3D shear wave speed model by jointly inverting Rayleigh wave ellipticity, phase velocity, and teleseismic P waveforms. In the Great Valley, the new model reveals an asymmetric basement, steeply dipping in the west and gently dipping in the east. Beneath its western margin, in the Coast Ranges, we resolve a wedge‐shaped, low‐velocity zone in the upper‐middle crust, interpreted as Franciscan Complex. Our images confirm that uplift of the western Great Valley and an eastward shift of its depositional center are caused by wedging and underthrusting of the complex during subduction. Across the Basin and Range, the resolved crust has an average thickness of 38 km in the southern half of the northern Basin and Range, about 5 km thicker than neighboring regions. The thickened crust overlaps with major volcanic centers of the mid‐Cenozoic ignimbrite flare‐up. This spatial correlation may suggest magmatic intrusions and underplating contributed to crustal growth and thickening prior to Miocene Basin and Range extension. Overall, the new model is consistent with active source studies in the region but provides a more comprehensive view of shallow and deep structures across this large and tectonically complex region.
Phase Transitions of Fe‐, Al‐ and Ca‐Bearing Orthopyroxenes at High Pressure and High Temperature: Implications for Metastable Orthopyroxenes in Stagnant Slabs
Authors: Xu Jingui , Fan Dawei , Zhang Dongzhou , Ma Maining , Zhou Yi , Tkachev Sergey N. , Zhou Wenge , Dera Przemyslaw K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe phase transitions of natural San Carlos Fe‐, Al‐ and Ca‐bearing orthopyroxene and two synthetic orthopyroxenes containing Al (up to 12 wt. % Al2O3) and Fe (up to 15 wt. % FeO) were investigated at high pressures and temperatures up to ∼30 GPa and 700 K using synchrotron‐based single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. These orthopyroxenes undergo α‐opx → β‐opx → γ‐opx phase transitions with increasing pressure and temperature. We quantitatively described how the composition influences the pressures of the phase transitions. The results indicated that the variations in Mg, Fe, and Al contents do not significantly influence the pressure of the α‐opx → β‐opx transition (Pα‐β). For the β‐opx → γ‐opx phase transition, increasing Fe content decreases the Pβ‐γ while increasing Al content increases the Pβ‐γ. The incorporation of Ca increases the Pα‐β and decreases the Pβ‐γ. The thermal equations of states of α‐opx and β‐opx for these three orthopyroxenes were determined using the unit‐cell volume collected at high pressures and temperatures, which have been used to establish a density model to interpret the cold stagnant slabs. Our experimental results have indicated that β‐opx and γ‐opx are possible metastable phases of natural orthopyroxenes within cold stagnant slabs in the mantle transition zone.
Reanalysis of Polythermal Glacier Thermal Structure Using Radar Diffraction Focusing
Authors: Delf Richard , Bingham Robert G. , Curtis Andrew , Singh Satyan , Giannopoulos Antonios , Schwarz Benjamin , Borstad Chris P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGround‐penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used on polythermal glaciers to image bed topography and detect internal scatter due to water inclusions in temperate ice. The glaciological importance of this is twofold: bed topography is a primary component for modeling the long‐term evolution of glaciers and ice sheets, and the presence of temperate ice and associated englacial water significantly reduces overall ice viscosity. Englacial water has a direct influence on radar velocity, which can result in incorrect observations of bed topography due to errors in depth conversion. Assessment of radar velocities often requires multi‐offset surveys, yet these are logistically challenging and time consuming to acquire, hence techniques to extract velocity from common‐offset data are required. We calculate englacial radar velocity from common offset GPR data collected on Von Postbreen, a polythermal glacier in Svalbard. We first separate and enhance the diffracted wavefield by systematically assessing data coherence. We then use the focusing metric of negative entropy to deduce a migration velocity field and produce a velocity model which varies spatially across the glacier. We show that this velocity field successfully differentiates between areas of cold and temperate ice and can detect lateral variations in radar velocity close to the glacier bed. This velocity field results in consistently lower ice depths relative to those derived from a commonly assumed constant velocity, with an average difference of 4.9 ± 2.5% of local ice depth. This indicates that diffraction focusing and velocity estimation are crucial in retrieving correct bed topography in the presence of temperate ice.
Automatic modulation classification using techniques from image classification
Authors: Sun Yilin , Ball Edward A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutomatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is a rapidly evolving technology, which can be employed in software defined radio structures, especially in 5G and 6G technology. Machine Learning (ML) can provide novel and efficient technology for modulation classification, especially for systems working in low signal to noise ratio (SNR). In this article, two dynamic systems not reliant on received signal phase lock and frequency lock are presented, with both employing ML to classify the modulation types for different received SNR. The first model is developed from the previous existing literatures, which utilises constellation images (CI) and image classification technology. Here, modulation types can be detected in a dynamic way without phase lock and frequency lock. In the second model, a new method named Graphic Representation of Features (GRF) is proposed, which represents the statistical features as a spider graph for ML. The concepts are tested and verified using simulations and RF data using a lab software defined radio (SDR). The results from the two models are compared. With the GRF techniques an overall classification accuracy of 59% is observed for 0 dB SNR and 86% at 10 dB SNR, compared to a random guess accuracy of 25%.
Optimal control strategy for solid oxide fuel cell‐based hybrid energy system using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Chen Tao , Gao Ciwei , Song Yutong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a self‐adaptive control strategy for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based hybrid energy system using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques. Highly efficient use of hydrogen in a hybrid energy system with the aid of SOFC could create a new paradigm of renewable energy ecosystem and a series of operation principles. Instead of modeling the energy system operation decision‐making process as an optimization problem, a DRL framework is used to seek the optimal control strategy with consideration of various physical constraints in the SOFC components and hybrid energy system operation. Specifically, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is used to solve the operation problem and provide the optimal policy guiding the control actions of a tubular SOFC stack, which involves various dynamic characteristics besides the electric measurement. The learnt control strategy may not produce the best result every time, but can guarantee the ultimate benefit in a non‐deterministic way in the long‐term operation.
Zwitterionic Metal Enolates or Equivalents: Generation and Capture
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Zuo Linhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFunctionalized ketones and their derivatives are important building blocks in organic synthesis and materials chemistry. The development of novel methods for the chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, stereo-, and enantioselective synthesis of functionalized ketones and their derivatives is a continuing endeavor of organic chemists. Here, we highlight a new approach recently initiated and developed by our group for the synthesis of (enantioenriched) ketones and related derivatives that is based on zwitterionic metal enolate chemistry.1	Introduction2	Annulations through Zwitterionic Palladium Enolate Chemistry for the Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclic Ketones3	Nucleophilic Capture of Zwitterionic Metal (Palladium or Copper) Enolates or Their Equivalents4	Conclusion
Multicomponent Reactions Among Alkyl Isocyanides, sp Reactants, and sp2
Carbon Cages
Authors: Rodriguez-Fortea Antonio , Zhang Jianyuan , Li Yanbang , Kopcha William P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe explored the reactivity and substrate scope of the reactions among an alkyl isocyanide, an sp-hybridized reactant (i.e. alkyne or allene), and a carbon cage, as a new approach to functionalize fullerenes and metallofullerenes. This account summarizes the key findings in our recent published work, and some original data for the reaction involving an isocyanide, allenes, and metallofullerene Lu3N@C80.1	Introduction2	Isocyanide-Induced Fullerene/EMF Reactions with Substituted Alkynes3	Isocyanide-Induced Fullerene/EMF Reactions with Substituted Allenes4	Conclusion
Development of an Aza-Piancatelli-Templated Reaction Manifold from 4-Aminocyclopentenones: Access to Complex Carbocyclic Assemblies
Authors: Saha Jaideep , Jagadeesh Chenna , Mondal Biplab 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCapitalizing on the propensity of 1,2-amino group migration in γ-aminocyclopentenone with a suitable promoter, gem-diaryl-equipped systems unfolded an unprecedented avenue for the Lewis acid promoted displacement of γ-aniline group with nucleophiles such as indole. Such transformation, besides providing a means for direct γ-functionalization of cyclopentenones, presented innumerable scope for β,γ-annulation. Various tailored indolo bisnucleophiles were explored in the current study that rendered an array of indole alkaloid-like compounds in excellent yields and selectivity through one-pot operation. Analysis of collective experimental observation along with designed control experiments strongly suggested the possibility of a retro aza-Piancatelli rearrangement, which is hitherto unknown in the context. Such repertoire could find potential applications in the synthesis of complex assemblies from the Piancatelli rearrangement and related processes.1	Introduction2	Aza-Piancatelli Rearrangement and Related Domino Processes3	An Unprecedented Aza-Piancatelli-Templated Strategy for Polycyclic Assemblies4	Summary and Outlook
Inadvertent Insertion of Hemodialysis Catheter into Brachiocephalic Trunk During Cannulation of Internal Jugular Vein: Management Strategies
Authors: Nanda Chinmaya , Garg Vinit , Singh Ajmer , Mehta Yatin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCentral venous catheter insertion is a commonly performed procedure in the operating room and intensive care unit. It is associated with many complications, some of which may be life-threatening. We report here an accidental insertion of a hemodialysis catheter into the brachiocephalic trunk, which was successfully removed by an endovascular technique.
Myasthenia Gravis and Thymectomy
Authors: Bharath V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. Though MG was diagnosed four centuries ago, its rational management started in 1930s. In the present era, MG is managed by multimodality care including pharmacological agents, plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulins, and surgical thymectomy. Thymectomy has evolved from open trans-sternal to video-assisted thoracoscopic and robotic thymectomy. In this article, the concise history of MG, its clinical features, diagnosis, and management are described.
Interpretable Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mattogno Pier Paolo , Caccavella Valerio M. , Giordano Martina , D'Alessandris Quintino G. , Chiloiro Sabrina , Tariciotti Leonardo , Olivi Alessandro , Lauretti Liverana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) for pituitary adenomas can be complicated by the occurrence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage (IOL). IOL significantly affects the course of surgery predisposing to the development of postoperative CSF leakage, a major source of morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period. The authors trained and internally validated the Random Forest (RF) prediction model to preoperatively identify patients at high risk for IOL. A locally interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) algorithm is employed to elucidate the main drivers behind each machine learning (ML) model prediction.
Methods The data of 210 patients who underwent TSS were collected; first, risk factors for IOL were identified via conventional statistical methods (multivariable logistic regression). Then, the authors trained, optimized, and audited a RF prediction model.
Results IOL reported in 45 patients (21.5%). The recursive feature selection algorithm identified the following variables as the most significant determinants of IOL: Knosp's grade, sellar Hardy's grade, suprasellar Hardy's grade, tumor diameter (on X, Y, and Z axes), intercarotid distance, and secreting status (nonfunctioning and growth hormone [GH] secreting). Leveraging the predictive values of these variables, the RF prediction model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78; 0.86), significantly outperforming the multivariable logistic regression model (AUC = 0.63).
Conclusion A RF model that reliably identifies patients at risk for IOL was successfully trained and internally validated. ML-based prediction models can predict events that were previously judged nearly unpredictable; their deployment in clinical practice may result in improved patient care and reduced postoperative morbidity and healthcare costs.
Modified Skin Incision and Location of Burr-Hole Surgery via a Retrosigmoid Approach: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Sun Lean , Qi Min , Shao Xuefei , Chen Sansong , Fang Xinyun , Zhou Wei , Zhou Wei , Chen Hao , He Guoyuan , Fan Xiran , Sun Yongkang , Di Guangfu , Jiang Xiaochun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective This study aims to reduce the tissue damage during craniotomy with retrosigmoid approach. A modified sickle-shaped skin incision was developed, and a new burr-hole positioning method was proposed.
Methods Five adult cadaveric heads (10 sides) were used in this study. The sickle-shaped skin incision was performed during craniotomy. The nerves, blood vessels, and muscles were observed and measured under a microscope. Additionally, 62 dry adult skull specimens (left sided, n = 35; right sided, n = 27) were used to measure the distance between the most commonly used locating point (asterion [Ast] point) and the posteroinferior point of the transverse sigmoid sinus junction (PSTS) (Ast-PSTS), as well as the distance between the new locating O point and the PSTS (O-PSTS). Then, the reliability of the new locating O point was validated on the same five adult cadaveric heads (10 sides) used for the sickle-shaped skin incision.
Results The sickle-shaped skin incision reduced the damage to the occipital nerves, blood vessels, and muscles during the surgery via a retrosigmoid approach. The dispersion and variability of O-PSTS were smaller than those of Ast-PSTS.
Conclusion The sickle-shaped skin incision of the retrosigmoid approach can reduce the tissue damage and can completely expose the structures in the cerebellopontine angle. The modified O point is a more reliable locating point for a burr-hole surgery than the Ast point.