bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Reticulum Chemical Chaperone 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐Naphthoic Acid Reduces Angiotensin II‐Induced Vascular Remodeling and Hypertension In Vivo and Protein Synthesis In Vitro
Authors: Cicalese Stephanie , Torimoto Keiichi , Okuno Keisuke , Elliott Katherine J. , Rizzo Victor , Hashimoto Tomoki , Eguchi Satoru 
Published: November 2022

Background
Investigations into alternative treatments for hypertension are necessary because current treatments cannot fully reduce the risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic activation of unfolded protein response attributable to the endoplasmic reticulum stress has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension and associated vascular remodeling. Triggered by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, chronic unfolded protein response leads to downstream signaling of cellular inflammation and dysfunction. Here, we have tested our hypothesis that a novel chemical chaperone, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (3HNA) can attenuate angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced vascular remodeling and hypertension.

Methods and Results
Mice were infused with AngII for 2 weeks to induce vascular remodeling and hypertension with or without 3HNA treatment. We found that injections of 3HNA prevented hypertension and increase in heart weight body weight ratio induced by AngII infusion. Histological assessment revealed that 3HNA treatment prevented vascular medial thickening as well as perivascular fibrosis in response to AngII infusion. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, 3HNA attenuated enhancement in protein synthesis induced by AngII. In vascular adventitial fibroblasts, 3HNA prevented induction of unfolded protein response markers.

Conclusions
We present evidence that a chemical chaperone 3HNA prevents vascular remodeling and hypertension in mice with AngII infusion, and 3HNA further prevents increase in protein synthesis in AngII‐stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. Using 3HNA may represent a novel therapy for hypertension with multiple benefits by preserving protein homeostasis under cardiovascular stress.
Sex Differences in Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: van Dam-Nolen Dianne H.K. , van Egmond Nina C.M. , Koudstaal Peter J. , van der Lugt Aad , Bos Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Over the last decades, several individual studies on sex differences in carotid atherosclerosis have been performed covering a wide range of plaque characteristics and including different populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to summarize previously reported results on sex differences in carotid atherosclerosis and present a roadmap explaining next steps needed for implementing this knowledge in clinical practice.

Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar for eligible studies including both male and female participants reporting prevalence of imaging characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis and meta-analyzed these studies. Studies had to report at least the following: (1) calcifications; (2) lipid-rich necrotic core; (3) intraplaque hemorrhage; (4) thin-or-ruptured fibrous cap; (5) plaque ulceration; (6) degree of stenosis; (7) plaque size; or (8) plaque inflammation. We prespecified which imaging modalities had to be used per plaque characteristic and excluded ultrasonography.

Results:
We included 42 articles in our meta-analyses (ranging from 2 through 23 articles per plaque characteristic). Men had more frequently a larger plaque compared to women and, moreover, had more often plaques with calcifications (odds ratio=1.57 [95% CI, 1.23–2.02]), lipid-rich necrotic core (odds ratio=1.87 [95% CI, 1.36–2.57]), and intraplaque hemorrhage (odds ratio=2.52 [95% CI, 1.74–3.66]), or an ulcerated plaque (1.81 [95% CI, 1.30–2.51]). Furthermore, we found more pronounced sex differences for lipid-rich necrotic core in symptomatic opposed to asymptomatic participants.

Conclusions:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we demonstrate convincing evidence for sex differences in carotid atherosclerosis. All kinds of plaque features—plaque size, composition, and morphology—were more common or larger in men compared to women. Our results highlight that sex is an important variable to include in both study design and clinical-decision making. Further investigation of sex-specific stroke risks with regard to plaque composition is warranted.
Spirituality of Professional Pastoral Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Distress, Resources, and Consequences
Authors: Haussmann Annette 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on mental health in general and on care professionals in particular. Studies have shown that professional pastoral caregivers are challenged concerning stabilizing their mental health and coping with stress experiences. Spirituality, on the other hand, has been considered as a helpful coping resource. This study examines professional pastoral caregivers in various contexts of hospitals, congregations, old people’s homes or schools during the second lockdown in Germany. Results show the importance of spirituality as a resource, with an overall high centrality of religiosity, high daily spiritual experience and low spiritual dryness, but also reveal various stress factors with which pastoral caregivers have to deal. However, associations between work-related distress, spiritual dryness, centrality of religiosity and spiritual experience are displayed and discussed. Spiritual dryness correlates positively with work-related distress, whereas daily spiritual experience and centrality of religiosity correlates negatively. Possibilities of further support for those offering pastoral care during the pandemic and beyond are presented.
Promoting Inclusivity in Anti-Sectarian Protests: Understanding the Dilemmas of Organizers in Lebanon’s 2019 October Uprising
Authors: Rønn Anne Kirstine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article contributes to explaining limitations to the inclusivity of protest movements against sectarianism through a case study of the 2019 Lebanese October Uprising. The study scrutinizes the challenges key organizers in Beirut faced when seeking to address issues of inclusivity concerning residents from two Shiʿite majority communities in and around the city. Engaging social movement theories on intersectionality and political opportunity structures and drawing on data from twenty-two in-depth interviews, it shows that organizers were attentive to stereotyping and exclusive attitudes concerning young men from the two communities. Yet, while expressing a desire to address these, organizers also found themselves caught in a dilemma, fearing that their efforts to promote inclusivity could trigger accusations of sectarian biases and favoritism. These findings provide important inputs to wider scholarly debates concerning the relationship between protests and other forms of anti-sectarian mobilization as well as the costs and desirability of enhancing inclusivity.
Wood Used in Brussels’ Old Buildings: Origin, Characterisation, and Use (12th–19th Centuries)
Authors: Charruadas Paulo , Cremer Sarah , Hoffsummer Patrick , Modrie Sylvianne , Sosnowska Philippe , Weitz Armelle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Since 1990 archaeologists, historians and dendrochronologists have worked on 128 sites in the Brussels-Capital Region. In addition to producing a typo-chronological inventory of wooden roof structures (12th–19th centuries), the studies have now extended to finishings and floor coverings, with an increasing focus being placed on the types of wood used. Although oak was the predominant material, especially before the 17th century, the resources used in Brussels and the surrounding villages were local. They came from three wooded areas, cleared or degraded to varying degrees: the Sonian Forest, state-owned forests, and hedgerows. Oak grows rapidly, with wide rings which make dendrochronological dating difficult, although this can be overcome by utilising more comparative data, employing carbon-14 dating, or knowing the historical context. The use of green wood has been confirmed, with unusual felling periods spread over two years. The sinuous profile of the fast-growing oaks was used to cut the knee braces in roofs over knee walls and porticoed wooden structures of monuments, urban housing, and vernacular architecture. Mediocre oak, or even wood from fruit trees, elm, or ash, was used for this kind of architecture. Moreover, from the 17th century onward, species other than oak began to appear in the roof frames of all buildings, especially after the centre of Brussels was bombarded in 1695. The typology of the reconstructed roof frames is the same as that prior to 1695, but a wider variety of woods were used to meet the high demand at the time of reconstruction. This diversity of species is more evident among floorboards, with poplar, elm, Scots pine, fir, and spruce being used. This may have been due to technical reasons, but, in the local context, it would also have been a question of using the precious oak of the Sonian Forest frugally.
Anterior Quadratus Lumborum block area comparison in the three different volumes of Ropivacaine: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in healthy volunteers
Authors: Shao Liang , Luo Xu , Ye Yingchao , Liu Le , Cai Yaoyao , Xia Yun , Papadimos Thomas J. , Wang Quanguang , Pan Linmin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn abdominal surgery, ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumborum blocks (QLB) are performed to induce analgesia. However, no study reported suitable volumes of the anterior QLB for the different postoperative analgesia regions. Therefore, this prospective randomized controlled study assessed the dermatomal spread and analgesic effects of the three different volumes of a local anesthetic for anterior QLB.MethodsUltrasound-guided anterior QLB was performed at the L2 level on 30 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were randomized to receive 20 ml (n = 10), 30 ml (n = 10), and 40 mL (n = 10) of 0.375% ropivacaine. The cutaneous sensory blocked area (CSBA), the number of block dermatomes, and the block duration time were measured by determining the extent of the cold sensation.ResultsThe CSBA was significantly larger in the 40 ml group than in the 30 (P = 0.001; 1350.6 ± 234.4 vs. 1009.5 ± 151.6 cm2) and 20 ml groups (P < 0.001; 1350.6 ± 234.4 vs. 808.1 ± 120.5 cm2). Similarly, the number of blocked dermatomes was significantly higher in the 40 ml group than in the 30- and 20-ml groups. However, no significant difference was observed in block duration among the groups.ConclusionsNo difference was observed in block duration with the various volumes of 0.375% ropivacaine. However, the larger volume for anterior QLB contributed to a larger area of cutaneous sensory blockade. Appropriate volumes in anterior QLB can create suitable postoperative analgesia levels for the different operative sites.Trial registrationThe study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center onwww.chictr.org.cnon 27th April 2018 (registration number: ChiCTR-IOR-17010853).
Under age five children survival times in Nigeria: a Bayesian spatial modeling approach
Authors: Egbon Osafu Augustine , Bogoni Mariella Ananias , Babalola Bayowa Teniola , Louzada Francisco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNigeria is among the top five countries in the world with the highest under-five mortality rates. In addition to the general leading causes of under-five mortality, studies have shown that disparity in sociocultural values and practices across ethnic groups in Nigeria influence child survival, thus there is a need for scientific validation. This study quantified the survival probabilities and the impact of socioeconomic and demographic factors, proximate and biological determinants, and environmental factors on the risk of under-five mortality in Nigeria.MethodsThe Kaplan-Meier survival curve, Nelson Aalen hazard curve, and components survival probabilities were estimated. The Exponential, Gamma, Log-normal, Weibull, and Cox hazard models in a Bayesian mixed effect hierarchical hazard modeling framework with spatial components were considered, and the Deviance and Watanabe Akaike information criteria were used to select the best model for inference. A$$5\%$$5%level of significance was assumed throughout this work. The 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset was used, and the outcome variable was the time between birth and death or birth and the date of interview for children who were alive on the day of the interview.ResultsFindings show that the probability of a child dying within the first two months is 0.04, and the probability of a boy child dying before attaining age five is 0.106, while a girl child is 0.094 probability. Gender, maternal education, household wealth status, source of water and toilet facility, residence, mass media, frequency of antenatal and postnatal visits, marital status, place of delivery, multiple births, who decide healthcare use, use of bednet are significant risk factors of child mortality in Nigeria. The mortality risk is high among the maternal age group below 24 and above 44years, and birth weight below 2.5Kg and above 4.5Kg. The under-five mortality risk is severe in Kebbi, Kaduna, Jigawa, Adamawa, Gombe, Kano, Kogi, Nasarawa, Plateau, and Sokoto states in Nigeria.ConclusionThis study accentuates the need for special attention for the first two months after childbirth as it is the age group with the highest expected mortality. A practicable way to minimize death in the early life of children is to improve maternal healthcare service, promote maternal education, encourage delivery in healthcare facilities, positive parental attitude to support multiple births, poverty alleviation programs for the less privileged, and a prioritized intervention to Northern Nigeria.
Tobacco chewing and associated factors among a vulnerable youth population in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dhanapriyanka Manori , Kanthi R. D. F. C. , Jayasekara Prasanna , Ha Diep Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundTobacco in any form kills millions of people every year.Tobacco addiction among youth shows an increasing trend while smokeless type is becoming more common. This study aimed to describe the lifestyle of chewing smokeless tobacco among a group of high-risk youth population in Sri Lanka.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 1431 youths aged between 15 to 24 years residing in urban slums in Colombo Sri Lanka, using a cluster sampling technique combined with probability proportionate to size technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Chewing smokeless tobacco was assessed using betel quid chewing and commercially prepared tobacco and areca nut packet chewing. Current chewer was defined as who had the practice of chewing during past 30 days.ResultsThe mean age of the study sample was 17.53 (95% CI: 17.40–17.65). Of the 1431 respondents, 57% were males and 43% were females. The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco chewers was 44.9% and among them 90.8% were males and 9.8% were females. Around 31.3% did not have smokeless tobacco chewing practice (Male-5.9%, Female-64.9%). Among the current smokeless tobacco chewers 21.5% chew both types of smokeless tobacco products and all of them were males. Male gender (OR 17.9; 11.4 -27.9) and ever smoking lifestyle (OR 4.4; 2.9–6.6) were significant determinants of current smokeless tobacco chewing lifestyle.Conclusion and recommendationsThe study shows a high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by youth aged between 15 to 24 years who were residing in urban slum areas in the district of Colombo, in Sri Lanka, highlighting this target group for early intervention to reduce the uptake and promote the quitting of this practice.
Barriers to hospital-based phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation among patients with coronary heart disease in China: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Xie Xiaoqi , Chen Qiongshan , Liu Hui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become a leading cause of morbidity and premature death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) was proved to have substantial benefits for patients with CHD. The CR was divided into three phases. Phase 2 is the important part of CR which involves hospital-based structured and closely monitored exercises and activities. However, CR utilization is low worldwide. The barriers to hospital-based phase 2 CR in China have not been well identified.

Aims
To investigate barriers to hospital-based phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation among coronary heart disease patients in China and to explore the reasons.

Methods
This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The study was conducted in a university hospital in China from July 2021 to December 2021. Quantitative data was collected through the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barrier Scale. Qualitative data was collected through unstructured face-to-face interviews. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and inductive qualitative content analysis.

Results
One hundred and sixty patients completed the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barrier Scale and 17 patients participated in unstructured face-to-face interviews. The main barriers identified were distance (3.29 ± 1.565), transportation (2.99 ± 1.503), cost (2.76 ± 1.425), doing exercise at home (2.69 ± 1.509) and time constraints (2.48 ± 1.496). Six themes were identified; logistical factors, social support, misunderstanding of cardiac rehabilitation, program and health system-level factors, impression of CR team and psychological distress. The first four themes confirmed the quantitative results and provide a deeper explanation for the quantitative results. The last two themes were new information that emerged in the qualitative phase.

Conclusion
This study provides a better understanding of the barriers to hospital-based phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation among coronary heart disease patients in the Chinese context during the Covid-19 pandemic. Innovative programs such as home-based CR, mobile health, and hybrid programs might be considered to overcome some of these barriers. In addition, psychosocial intervention should be included in these programs to mitigate some of the barriers associated with the impression of CR team and psychological distress.
Whose rights are being violated when receiving HIV and sexual and reproductive health services in Nigeria?
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Stevens-Murphy Erva-Jean , Nwakamma Ikenna , Lusher Joanne , Oloniniyi Ibidunni Olapeju 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In Nigeria, vulnerability status may increase the risk for the violation of human rights while receiving health care. The present study determined the proportion and profile of people who reported rights violation while accessing HIV and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services.

Methods
This was a cross sectional study with data collected between February and March 2021. The dependent variables were patients’ rights to autonomy: right to privacy and confidentiality of medical records; right to be treated with respect, regardless of gender, race, religion, ethnicity, allegations of crime, disability or economic circumstances; right to decline or consent to participation in medical research, experimental procedures or clinical trials; right to quality care in accordance to prevailing standards; and right to complain and express dissatisfaction regarding services received. The independent variables were sexual identity (heterosexual/straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer), HIV status (positive, negative, do not know), living with disability (yes/no), and access point to HIV services (public or donor funded/private). Five multivariate regression models were developed to determine associations between the dependent and independent variable after adjusting for age, education level (no formal education, primary, secondary, tertiary), sex (male, female, intersex), marital status (single, married, separated/divorced, cohabiting) and gender identity (male, female, transgender).

Results
Complete data from 2119 study participants were analysed. Transgender individuals had significantly higher odds of experiencing violation of their rights to privacy and confidentiality of medical records (AOR:1.70), right to be treated with respect (AOR:1.71), right to complain and express dissatisfaction regarding services received (AOR:1.57) and right to decline consent to participate in medical research, experimental research, experimental procedures or clinical trials (AOR:1.81) compared to individuals who were males.

Conclusion
A high proportion of recipients of HIV and SRH services in Nigeria reported rights violations. Transgender individuals appear to have higher risk and those in spousal relationships have lower risk for rights violations. Studies are needed to learn how to improve rights-based HIV and SRH service delivery in Nigeria especially for transgender individuals.
Human behaviour directs household-level exposure to malaria vectors in Bandarban, Bangladesh
Authors: Aubourg Matthew A. , Al-Amin Hasan Mohammad , Sunkara Anoop , Chetan Sanjna , Monroe April , Phru Ching Swe , Haque Rashidul , Khan Wasif A. , Hendershot Allison , Alam Mohammad Shafiul , Lobo Neil F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Bangladesh has reduced malaria incidence and mortality by over 75% between 2010 and 2020. Widespread long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) distribution and use is one of the measures responsible for this success. Recalcitrant malaria hotspots within the Chittagong Hill Tracts districts suggest important drivers of malaria risk may remain uncharacterized.

Methods
Towards understanding how household-level human behaviour impacts exposure to mosquitoes, parallel human landing catches and human behavioural observations were conducted in four households for 6 months (May–October) over the rainy season in the Bandarban District. Analysis quantifies spatiotemporal human behaviour-adjusted exposure to Anopheles with and without LLINs.

Results
This small-scale operational study demonstrates that human spatial and temporal presence along with LLIN use drives exposure to Anopheles. Though the four households had both outdoor and indoor exposure, especially in the evening (1800–2000 h) and early morning (0400–0500 h), data points to household-based heterogeneity in malaria exposure even with similar LLIN access.

Conclusion
Incorporating human behaviour into exposure estimates can be used to understand the efficacy and limitations of local vector control strategies and identify gaps in protection, as well as where present intervention strategies may be optimized.