bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats
Authors: Riesch Friederike , Wichelhaus Anya , Tonn Bettina , Meißner Marcus , Rosenthal Gert , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEutrophication through atmospheric nutrient deposition is threatening the biodiversity of semi-natural habitats characterized by low nutrient availability. Accordingly, local management measures aiming at open habitat conservation need to maintain habitat-specific nutrient conditions despite atmospheric inputs. Grazing by wild herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), has been proposed as an alternative to mechanical or livestock-based measures for preserving open habitats. The role of red deer for nutrient dynamics in protected open habitat types, however, is yet unclear. Therefore, we collected data on vegetation productivity, forage removal, quantity of red deer dung and nutrient concentrations in vegetation and dung from permanent plots in heathlands and grasslands (eight plots à 225 m2 per habitat type) on a military training area inhabited by a large population of free-ranging red deer over one year. The annual nutrient export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by red deer grazing was higher than the nutrient import through red deer excreta, resulting in an average net nutrient removal of 14 and 30 kg N ha−1 a−1 and 1.1 and 3.3 kg P ha−1 a−1 in heathlands and grasslands, respectively. Even when considering approximate local atmospheric deposition values, net nutrient depletion due to red deer grazing seemed very likely, notably in grasslands. Demonstrating that grazing by wild red deer can mitigate the effects of atmospheric nutrient deposition in semi-natural open habitats similarly to extensive livestock grazing, our results support the idea that red deer are suitable grazing animals for open habitat conservation.
Hierarchical goals contextualize local reward decomposition explanations
Authors: Rietz Finn , Magg Sven , Heintz Fredrik , Stoyanov Todor , Wermter Stefan , Stork Johannes A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne-step reinforcement learning explanation methods account for individual actions but fail to consider the agent’s future behavior, which can make their interpretation ambiguous. We propose to address this limitation by providing hierarchical goals as context for one-step explanations. By considering the current hierarchical goal as a context, one-step explanations can be interpreted with higher certainty, as the agent’s future behavior is more predictable. We combine reward decomposition with hierarchical reinforcement learning into a novel explainable reinforcement learning framework, which yields more interpretable, goal-contextualized one-step explanations. With a qualitative analysis of one-step reward decomposition explanations, we first show that their interpretability is indeed limited in scenarios with multiple, different optimal policies—a characteristic shared by other one-step explanation methods. Then, we show that our framework retains high interpretability in such cases, as the hierarchical goal can be considered as context for the explanation. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to investigate hierarchical goals not as an explanation directly but as additional context for one-step reinforcement learning explanations.
Rock Properties and Modelled Stress State Uncertainties: A Study of Variability and Dependence
Authors: Ziegler Moritz O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe safety and sustainability of subsurface applications requires a profound knowledge of the local stress state which is frequently assessed using 3D geomechanical-numerical models. Various factors lead to generally large uncertainties in these models. The variabilities in the rock properties as one of the sources of uncertainties and their influence on the modelled stress state is addressed herein. A generic 3D geomechanical-numerical model is used to investigate the influence of different distributions of variability and their effect on different stress states. The variability in rock properties clearly affects the uncertainties in the stress state in a positive correlation with differences that depend on the affected component of the stress tensor. The basic observation is that largest uncertainties are observed in the normal components of the stress tensor where the variabilities apparently are most effective. The same rock property variabilities affect the shear components uncertainties to a significantly lesser extent. Variabilities in the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio chiefly affect the uncertainties in $$\sigma _{xx}$$

σ

xx

and $$\sigma _{yy}$$

σ

yy

. The density variability, however, leads to highest uncertainties in $$\sigma _{zz}$$

σ

zz

. In general, variabilities in the Young’s modulus are most effective, followed by the Density and then the Poisson’s ratio. Furthermore, an influence of the tectonic stress regime on how the variability in the rock properties affects the stress state is observed. At the same time only a small effect is observed for different stress magnitudes. The eventual uncertainties in a modelled stress state depend not only on the uncertainties in the rock properties but also whether the uncertainties are found mainly in the Young’s modulus, the Poisson’s ratio or the Density. These findings indicate the importance to regard variabilities in rock properties as a source for significant uncertainties in geomechanical-numerical models. It is proposed to use the derived relations for an inexpensive quantification of uncertainties by means of a post-computation assignment of uncertainties to a stress model.
Ebenen therapeutischer Verantwortung – multiple Perspektiven in einer komplexen Welt
Authors: Schigl Brigitte , Klar Sabine , Kobbé Ulrich , Macke Karin , Tenschert Ekkehard 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Text thematisiert Dimensionen des Handelns von Psychotherapeut_innen entlang einer Fallvignette, in der ein in den Praxisräumen ausgehängter Aufruf zur Covid-Impfung einen Abbruch der Psychotherapie durch die Patient_in auslöste. Dabei werden verschiedene Ebenen der Verantwortung von Psychotherapeut_innen aufgezeigt: Handeln auf individueller Ebene im Kontakt mit den Patient_innen, Handeln auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene – bzw. deren Einbezug in therapeutische Überlegungen. Schließlich auch daraus erwachsende Aspekte für die Ausbildung von Psychotherapeut_innen. Im Aufzeigen dieser unterschiedlichen Perspektiven sollen die Komplexität und Pluralität psychotherapeutischer Handlungsfelder und Ansätze sichtbar gemacht werden.
Monetary policy in an oil-dependent economy in the presence of multiple shocks
Authors: Drygalla Andrej 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRussian monetary policy has been challenged by large and continuous private capital outflows and a sharp drop in oil prices during 2014. Both contributed to significant depreciation pressures on the ruble and led the central bank to give up its exchange rate management strategy. Against this background, this work estimates a small open economy model for Russia, featuring an oil price sector and extended by a specification of the foreign exchange market to correctly account for systematic central bank interventions. We find that shocks to the oil price and private capital flows substantially affect domestic variables such as inflation and output. Simulations for the estimated actual strategy and alternative regimes suggest that the vulnerability of the Russian economy to external shocks can substantially be lowered by adopting some form of inflation targeting. Strategies to target the nominal exchange rate or the ruble price of oil prove to be inferior.
High-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sofuni Atsushi , Asai Yasutsugu , Mukai Shuntaro , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Itoi Takao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) has one of the poorest prognoses among solid cancers, and its incidence has increased recently. Satisfactory outcomes are not achieved with current therapies; thus, novel treatments are urgently needed. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a novel therapy for ablating tissue from the outside of the body by focusing ultrasonic waves from multiple sources on the tumor. In this therapy, only the focal area is heated to 80–100 ºC, which causes coagulative necrosis of the tissue, with hardly any impact on the tissue outside the focal area. Although HIFU is a minimally invasive treatment and is expected to be useful, it is not yet generally known. Here, we discuss the usefulness of HIFU treatment for un-resectable advanced PC using the results of previous research, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews on its efficacy and safety. HIFU therapy for un-resectable PC is useful for its anti-tumor effect and pain relief, and is expected to prolong survival time and improve quality of life. Although HIFU for PC has several limitations and further study is needed, this technique can be safely performed on un-resectable advanced PC. In future, HIFU could be utilized as a minimally invasive treatment strategy for PC patients with a poor prognosis.
The semantics of diversity in higher education: differences between the Global North and Global South
Authors: Pineda Pedro , Mishra Shweta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInspired by neo-institutional theory, we explore whether the semantics of diversity appears to be global and universal through computer-assisted content analysis of 2378 publications. Diversity discourses are dominant, but only in the USA and Canada, UK and Ireland and Europe, not being present in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Diversity is interpreted differently across regions influenced by the local socio-political settings. Academic literature on diversity first appeared in the USA and Canada in the mid-1970s in relation to race and gender. In other English-speaking countries, diversity gained momentum only in the mid-2000s, with inclusion, gender, ethnicity and cultural diversity being the dominant terminologies. Later in that decade, diversity appeared in the academic literature in Europe, often framed as inclusion and gender. We did not find any evidence that the semantics of diversity has become global or universal and, therefore, question the cultural globalisation and the worldwide standardisation of academic knowledge around the valorisation of individual and collective differences.
Combination of Uniform Interpolants via Beth Definability
Authors: Calvanese Diego , Ghilardi Silvio , Gianola Alessandro , Montali Marco , Rivkin Andrey 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUniform interpolants were largely studied in non-classical propositional logics since the nineties, and their connection to model completeness was pointed out in the literature. A successive parallel research line inside the automated reasoning community investigated uniform quantifier-free interpolants (sometimes referred to as “covers”) in first-order theories. In this paper, we investigate cover transfer to theory combinations in the disjoint signatures case. We prove that, for convex theories, cover algorithms can be transferred to theory combinations under the same hypothesis needed to transfer quantifier-free interpolation (i.e., the equality interpolating property, aka strong amalgamation property). The key feature of our algorithm relies on the extensive usage of the Beth definability property for primitive fragments to convert implicitly defined variables into their explicitly defining terms. In the non-convex case, we show by a counterexample that covers may not exist in the combined theories, even in case combined quantifier-free interpolants do exist. However, we exhibit a cover transfer algorithm operating also in the non-convex case for special kinds of theory combinations; these combinations (called ‘tame combinations’) concern multi-sorted theories arising in many model-checking applications (in particular, the ones oriented to verification of data-aware processes).
Putative involvement of sirtuin modulators in LPS-induced sickness behaviour in mice
Authors: Kinra Manas , Ranadive Niraja , Mudgal Jayesh , Zhang Yuqing , Govindula Anusha , Anoopkumar-Dukie Shailendra , Davey Andrew K. , Grant Gary D. , Nampoothiri Madhavan , Arora Devinder 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNAD+—dependent histone deacetylases (sirtuins 1–7) have been shown to be involved in various pathophysiological conditions including their involvement in cardiovascular, cancerous, neurodegenerative, immune dysregulation and inflammatory conditions. This study investigates the inflammomodulatory potential of resveratrol (RES), a sirtuin activator and sirtinol (SIR), a sirtuin inhibitor in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of sickness behaviour in mice. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups (n = 6) consisting of saline (SAL), LPS, RES, SIR, and fluoxetine (FLU) respectively, each group except LPS was prepared by intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of SAL (10 mL/kg), RES (50 mg/kg), SIR (2 mg/kg) and FLU (10 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after the treatments, all the groups, except SAL were administered LPS (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The behavioural assays including, open field test, forced swim test, and tail suspension tests were conducted 1 h after LPS challenge. LPS administration significantly reduced the locomotor activity along with inducing a state of high immobility and that was prevented by pretreatment with RES and SIR. Further, various proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH) were found to be significantly elevated in the brain homogenates after LPS treatment. SIR pretreatment abrogated the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress changes, whereas RES was only effective in reducing the oxidative stress and TNF-α levels. The results of this study speculate that the role of SIRT modulators in neuroinflammatory conditions could vary with their dose, regimen and chemical properties. Further studies with detailed molecular and pharmacokinetic profiling will be needed to explore their therapeutic potentials.
SOLar-STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment II (SOLSTICE II): End-of-Mission Validation of the SOLSTICE Technique
Authors: Snow Martin , McClintock William E. , Woods Thomas N. , Elliott Joshua P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe SOLar-STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE: McClintock, Rottman, and Woods, Solar Phys.230, 225, 2005) onboard the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE: Rottman, Solar Phys.230, 7, 2005) observed ultraviolet solar spectral irradiance (SSI) from 2003 – 2020. This article gives an overview of the end-of-mission algorithms and calibration of SOLSTICE. Many of the algorithms were updated after the early mission, either due to an improved understanding of the instrument and the space environment, or due to operational constraints as the spacecraft systems aged. We validate the final official data version (V18) with comparisons to other observations and models. The SOLSTICE observations of the solar-cycle variability in the ultraviolet are compared to model estimates.
Measuring and modeling context-dependent preferences for hearing aid settings
Authors: Pasta Alessandro , Petersen Michael Kai , Jensen Kasper Juul , Pontoppidan Niels Henrik , Larsen Jakob Eg , Christensen Jeppe Høy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite having individual perceptual preferences toward sounds, hearing aid users often end up with default hearing aid settings that have no contextual awareness. However, the introduction of smartphone-connected hearing aids has enabled a rethinking of hearing aids as user-adaptive systems considering both individual and contextual differences. In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of such context-aware system for providing hearing aid users with a number of relevant hearing aid settings to choose from. During normal real-world hearing aid usage, we applied a smartphone-based method for capturing participants’ listening experience and audiological preference for different intervention levels of three audiological parameters (Noise Reduction, Brightness, Soft Gain). Concurrently, we collected contextual data as both self-reports (listening environment and listening intention) and continuous data logging of the acoustic environment (sound pressure level, signal-to-noise ratio). First, we found that having access to different intervention levels of the Brightness and Soft Gain parameters affected listening satisfaction. Second, for all three audiological parameters, the perceived usefulness of having access to different intervention levels was significantly modulated by context. Third, contextual data improved the prediction of both explicit and implicit intervention level preferences. Our findings highlight that context has a significant impact on hearing aid preferences across participants and that contextual data logging can help reduce the space of potential interventions in a user-adaptive system so that the most useful and preferred settings can be offered. Moreover, the proposed mixed-effects model is suitable for capturing predictions on an individual level and could also be expanded to predictions on a group level by including relevant user features.
Novel organic draw solution in forward osmosis process for fertigation: performance evaluation and flux prediction
Authors: Al Bazedi Ghada , Soliman Noha , Sewilam Hani 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) has received a lot of attention for its potential for producing fertigated water for agriculture purposes. To minimize the use of chemical-based fertilizers and support sustainable organic agriculture, this work investigated the separation performance of FO membrane for different feed concentrations (FS) of brackish water using microalgae Spirulina platensis as an organic fertilizer draw solution (DS). Different feed solution concentrations were investigated ranging 3–20 g/L NaCl, with various draw solutions of spirulina ranging 280–440 g/L. The performance was measured by water flux and recovery. The results showed that using spirulina as a draw solution is a promising solution for fertigation purposes. The results showed that Na+ in feed solution is concentrated by 41%, Cl- by 36%, and spirulina is diluted by 20% for feed salinity 5000 mg/L. The highest flux obtained with different feed solution 3000/5000/10,000/20,000 mg/L were 9/6/4.5/7 for draw solution concentration of 360/360/400/420 g/L. The calculated specific reverse solute flux (SRSF) JS/JW varies from 0.1 and 0.8 for different explored FS/DS concentrations. Flux decline and the down-time was investigated for the highest flux observed, showing 290 min of operation before cleaning action is required.
Neighborhood Greenspace and Socioeconomic Risk are Associated with Diabetes Risk at the Sub-neighborhood Scale: Results from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study
Authors: Walker Blake Byron , Brinkmann Sebastian Tobias , Große Tim , Kremer Dominik , Schuurman Nadine , Hystad Perry , Rangarajan Sumathy , Teo Koon , Yusuf Salim , Lear Scott A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGreenspace and socioeconomic status are known correlates of diabetes prevalence, but their combined effects at the sub-neighborhood scale are not yet known. This study derives, maps, and validates a combined socioeconomic/greenspace index of individual-level diabetes risk at the sub-neighborhood scale, without the need for clinical measurements. In two Canadian cities (Vancouver and Hamilton), we computed 4 greenspace variables from satellite imagery and extracted 11 socioeconomic variables from the Canadian census. We mapped 5125 participants from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology Study by their residential address and used age- and sex-dependent walking speeds to estimate individual exposure zones to local greenspace and socioeconomic characteristics, which were then entered into a principal component analysis to derive a novel diabetes risk index (DRI-GLUCoSE). We mapped index scores in both study areas and validated the index using fully adjusted logistic regression models to predict individual diabetes status. Model performance was then compared to other non-clinical diabetes risk indices from the literature. Diabetes prevalence among participants was 9.9%. The DRI-GLUCoSE index was a significant predictor of diabetes status, exhibiting a small non-significant attenuation with the inclusion of dietary and physical activity variables. The final models achieved a predictive accuracy of 75%, the highest among environmental risk models to date. Our combined index of local greenspace and socioeconomic factors demonstrates that the environmental component of diabetes risk is not sufficiently explained by diet and physical activity, and that increasing urban greenspace may be a suitable means of reducing the burden of diabetes at the community scale.
Influence of Strain Rate Sensitivity on Cube Texture Evolution in Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Cantergiani Elisa , Falkinger Georg , Mitsche Stefan , Theissing Moritz , Klitschke Silke , Roters Franz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The influence of strain rate sensitivity on development of Cube texture and on the morphology of Cube-oriented grains is often neglected in simulations approaches. Therefore, crystal plasticity simulations and experiments were performed up to 73 pct of thickness reduction for cold rolling on Al 6016. It is found, that low values of strain rate sensitivity promote Cube grains fragmentation and avoid formation of transition bands already at 50 to 55 pct thickness reduction. High values of strain-rate sensitivity cause formation of Cube transition bands leaving thin Cube grains in the microstructure and delay their fragmentation. Other texture components are affected by changes in strain rate sensitivity as well. The Copper volume fraction in the final texture diminishes as the strain rate sensitivity decreases, while Brass and S components of the beta fiber show a moderately higher volume fraction when the strain rate sensitivity increases. The final volume fraction of Goss is highest when the strain rate sensitivity is 10−2 but low if the strain rate sensitivity is 10−3 or raises up to 10−1. Recrystallization texture components (P, Q) are not affected by strain rate sensitivity, while the invGoss fraction decreases for high values of strain rate sensitivity. The results found in cold rolling crystal plasticity simulations were compared with experimentally determined Cube distribution and texture components obtained through thickness for Al6016 rolled at 80 m/min and 600 m/min. Further crystal plasticity simulations were performed to predict the influence of strain rate sensitivity during several hot rolling conditions where activity of non-octahedral slip systems was included in the simulations. During hot rolling, high values of strain rate sensitivity contribute to Cube stabilization and promote formation of Copper texture and delay Brass and S.
A Review of Thermally Sprayed Polymer Coatings
Authors: Koivuluoto Heli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermal spraying of polymer coatings has been applied for many decades. Initially, the focus was primarily on corrosion and wear protection. Manufacturing was performed with traditional methods, such as flame and plasma spraying. Later, thermal spray technologies were developed, and interest increased in producing polymer or polymer-composite coatings from different polymer materials with advanced spray processes. Additionally, novel application fields were studied, such as the use of thermally sprayed polymer coatings for anti-icing and anti-fouling purposes. This review summarizes thermally sprayed polymer coatings from the standpoints of materials, processes used and selected latest application fields.