bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting psychosocial risk in pediatric kidney transplantation: An exploratory cluster analysis of a revised Pediatric Transplant Rating Instrument
Authors: West Kara B. , Plevinsky Jill M. , Amaral Sandra , Laskin Benjamin , Lefkowitz Debra S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Pediatric Transplant Rating Instrument (P‐TRI) is a 17‐item scale developed to assess psychosocial risk factors for poor outcomes after solid organ transplantation. Research has identified the limitations of the original instrument and proposed revisions to improve clinical utility. This project examined patterns of risk in children being evaluated for kidney transplant using a revised P‐TRI.MethodsA multidisciplinary kidney transplant team revised the P‐TRI. A social worker and a psychologist collaboratively completed the modified instrument for 37 children after the psychosocial pretransplant evaluation. Electronic medical records were reviewed for transplant status (transplanted, active waitlist, inactive) 1 year later. Exploratory cluster analyses and chi‐square tests examined patterns of risk and correlates with cluster membership.ResultsThree clusters were identified. The high‐risk group (29.7%) had difficulties with medication and appointment adherence, strained relationships with the medical team, and the presence of parent psychiatric history. The medium‐risk group (35.1%) had difficulties with parent knowledge, financial strain, and risk factors for medication nonadherence. The low‐risk group (35.1%) demonstrated no difficulties with adherence or financial strain. Clusters were prospectively associated with transplant status, such that those in the high‐risk group were less likely to be transplanted within 1 year post‐evaluation.ConclusionsThe revised P‐TRI demonstrated good construct validity as risk level appeared to be associated with transplant listing status 1 year post‐evaluation. These results suggest that standardized pretransplant psychosocial risk assessment tools may have value in optimizing transplant access if they can be paired with targeted, multidisciplinary interventions to address concerns early in the transplant process.
“It gives me a wake up call”—It is time to implement athlete health monitoring within the Para sport context
Authors: Fagher Kristina , Badenhorst Marelise , Kunorozva Lovemore , Derman Wayne , Lexell Jan 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore elite Para athletes' and coaches' perceptions of experiences of athlete health monitoring.Materials and MethodsThis study used a qualitative design, applying a phenomenographical approach. Thirteen athletes and six coaches from two different socioeconomic contexts (the Swedish and South African Paralympic programs) participated. Data were collected through individual interviews focusing on athletes' and coaches' perceptions of experiences of athlete health monitoring within Para sport.ResultsThree main themes were revealed: (i) the benefits of athlete health monitoring, (ii) the importance of implementation and adaptation of athlete health monitoring in the real‐world sports context, and (iii) barriers of athlete health monitoring. The perceptions were that regular monitoring can detect injuries early and thereby prevent them from progressing. Several participants highlighted the importance of monitoring factors beyond injury and illness, such as Para sport‐specific health issues. Athletes' experiences were that they started to reflect on their own health, which was interpreted as improvement in health literacy. Another perception was that athlete health monitoring only is conducted within the research context and that athletes are not followed up. The perception was that it is the sports federations' responsibility to monitor and provide support when needed. Lastly, data revealed differences in the possibilities of conducting monitoring, which was related to both socioeconomic factors and Para sport.ConclusionCoaches and athletes see health monitoring as valuable and important in enhancing athlete health. However, to maximize the impact, the monitoring structure should be specific to the context and provide multidisciplinary support when needed.
Interaction of Surface Preparation and Cure Parameters on the Interface Reliability of Flexible Encapsulation in Flexible Hybrid Electronics Applications
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Choudhury Padmanava , Miller Scott 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Flexible devices, which are seen as the future of the electronics industry, require encapsulation for protection while meeting the flexibility requirements of end applications. Flexible electronics have lower production costs and are thinner, lighter, and nonbreakable, resulting in a new form of application for electronic devices. One such use is the employment of electronic gadgets in the daily surroundings to monitor one's vitals. These devices are frequently exposed to dust, perspiration, and moisture. They are frequently subjected to bending and folding action, which causes stresses to accumulate in those devices. These stressors and the hostile environment are frequently minimized by using potting encapsulants to increase durability. In our investigation, we picked six distinct encapsulant formulations and exposed them to varied cure profiles to measure the adhesive bond strength of the encapsulants. The benchmark peel strength was constructed using a Finite element model of the AU-biometric band. The encapsulants peel strength was used to determine which material performed best under experimental conditions. This study presents a sample geometry comprising six different encapsulants and two distinct substrates, polyimide and PET, which were evaluated at four different cure schedules and cleaned using two different cleaning procedures. The encapsulants are ranked against one another to determine their potential future usage in flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) devices.
Quality and reporting of patient-reported outcomes in elderly patients with hip fracture: a systematic review
Authors: van der Vet Puck , Wilson Sandra , Houwert R Marijn , Verleisdonk Egbert-Jan , Heng Marilyn 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo assess how patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are reported and to assess the quality of reporting PROs for elderly patients with a hip fracture in both randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Embase and CENTRAL were searched on 1 March 2013 to 25 May 2021.Eligibility criteriaRCTs and observational studies on geriatric (≥65 years of age) patients, with one or more PRO as outcome were included.Data extraction and synthesisPrimary outcome was type of PRO; secondary outcome and quality assessment was measured by adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension for patient-reported outcomes (CONSORT-PRO). Because of heterogeneity in study population and outcomes, data pooling was not possible.Results3659 studies were found in the initial search. Of those, 67 were included in the final analysis. 83.6% of studies did not adequately mention missing data, 52.3% did not correctly report how PROs were collected and 61.2% did not report adequate effect size. PRO limitations were adequately reported in 20.9% of studies and interpretation of PROs was adequately reported in 19.4% of studies. Most Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes were measured by the EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Levels, and pain as well as patient satisfaction by Visual Analogue Scale.ConclusionThis study found that a high variety of PRO measures are used to evaluate geriatric hip fracture care. In addition, 47.8% of studies examining PROs in elderly patients with hip fracture do not satisfy at least 50% of the CONSORT-PRO criteria. This enables poorly conducted research to be published and used in evidence-based medicine and, consequently, shared decision-making. More efforts should be undertaken to improve adequate reporting. We believe extending the CONSORT-PRO extension to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for observational studies would be a valuable addition to current guidelines.
Increasing the availability of long-acting reversible contraception and medical abortion in primary care: the Australian Contraception and Abortion Primary Care Practitioner Support Network (AusCAPPS) cohort study protocol
Authors: Mazza Danielle , James Sharon , Black Kirsten , Taft Angela , Bateson Deborah , McGeechan Kevin , Norman Wendy V 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAlthough primary care practitioners are the main providers of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and early medical abortion (EMA) in Australia, few provide these services. A professional community of practice (CoP) has the potential to improve LARC and EMA provision through evidence-based guidance, expert support and peer-to-peer engagement.The primary objective is to establish, implement and evaluate an innovative, multidisciplinary online CoP (AusCAPPS Network) to increase LARC and EMA services in Australian primary care. Secondary objectives are to (1) increase the number of general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists certified to provide or dispense EMA, respectively, (2) increase LARC and EMA prescription rates and, (3) improve primary care practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and provision of LARC and EMA.Methods and analysisA stakeholder knowledge exchange workshop (KEW) will be conducted to inform the AusCAPPS Network design. Once live, we aim to reach 3000 GPs, practice nurses and community pharmacists members. Changes in the number of GPs and pharmacists certified to provide or dispense EMA, respectively, and changes in the number of LARCs and EMAs prescribed will be gleaned through health service data. Changes in the knowledge attitudes and practices will be gleaned through an online survey with 500 individuals from each professional group at baseline and 12 months after members have joined AusCAPPs; and experiences of the AusCAPPS Network will be evaluated using interviews with the project team plus a convenience sample of 20 intervention participants from each professional group. The project is underpinned by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework, and a realist framework will inform analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was received from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (No. 28002). Dissemination will occur through KEWs, presentations, publications and domestic and international networks.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000655741.
Smoking cessation interventions for Hispanic/Latino(a) adults in the USA: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis
Authors: Medina-Ramirez Patricia , Casas Laura , Haver Mary Katherine , Calixte-Civil Patricia , Kim Youngchul , Woodward Honor , Martinez Ursula , Brandon Thomas H , Simmons Vani N 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionHispanic smokers face multiple cultural and socioeconomic barriers to cessation that lead to prominent health disparities, including a lack of language-appropriate, culturally relevant, evidence-based smoking cessation interventions. This systematic review will examine the literature on smoking cessation interventions for Hispanic adults in the USA to assess (1) the availability of interventions, (2) the methodological quality of the studies evaluating the interventions and (3) the efficacy of the interventions.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search will be conducted, in English with no date limits, through the following databases starting at year of inception: Medical Allied Health Literature, Embase, American Psychology Association Psychology Articles, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete, ScienceDirect, Health & Medicine Collection and Web of Science Core Collection. Trial registries and grey literature sources will be searched to identify ongoing or unpublished studies. Literature search will be rerun prior to eventual submission of the review to ensure the inclusion of relevant studies. Quantitative studies evaluating the efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention (ie, smoking cessation as a measured outcome) for Hispanic adult smokers in the USA will be included in the systematic review. Two authors will independently identify relevant studies, extract data and conduct quality and risk of bias assessments. Discrepancies in coding will be discussed between the two reviewers and pending disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. First, the quality of all studies will be assessed, then randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be further evaluated for risk of bias using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool. All eligible studies will be summarised descriptively. If data allow, the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions tested in RCTs, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, will be quantitatively estimated using ORs and 95% CIs. The association between intervention type/modality and efficacy will be assessed via subgroup analyses.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022291068.
Artificial intelligence-driven ASPECTS for the detection of early stroke changes in non-contrast CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adamou Antonis , Beltsios Eleftherios T , Bania Angelina , Gkana Androniki , Kastrup Andreas , Chatziioannou Achilles , Politi Maria , Papanagiotou Panagiotis 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundRecent advances in machine learning have enabled development of the automated Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) prediction algorithms using non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) scans. The applicability of automated ASPECTS in daily clinical practice is yet to be established. The objective of this meta-analysis was to directly compare the performance of automated and manual ASPECTS predictions in recognizing early stroke changes on NCCT.MethodsThe MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched. The last database search was performed on March 10, 2022. Studies reporting the diagnostic performance and validity of automated ASPECTS software compared with expert readers were included. The outcomes were the interobserver reliability of outputs between ASPECTS versus expert readings, experts versus reference standard, and ASPECTS versus reference standard by means of pooled Fisher’s Z transformation of the interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsEleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1976 patients. The meta-analyses showed good interobserver reliability between experts (ICC 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.79); p<0.001), moderate reliability in the correlation between automated and expert readings (ICC 0.54 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.67); p<0.001), good reliability between the total expert readings and the reference standard (ICC 0.62 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.71); p<0.001), and good reliability between the automated predictions and the reference standard (ICC 0.72 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.80); p<0.001).ConclusionsArtificial intelligence-driven ASPECTS software has comparable or better performance than physicians in terms of recognizing early stroke changes on NCCT.
The CDF W-mass, muon $$g-2$$, and dark matter in a $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$ model with vector-like leptons
Authors: Zhou Quan , Han Xiao-Fang , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the CDF W-mass, muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

, and dark matter observables in a local $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$

U

(
1
)

L
μ

-

L
τ

model in which the new particles include three vector-like leptons ($$E_1,~ E_2,~ N$$

E
1

,

E
2

,

N

), a new gauge boson $$Z'$$

Z
′

, a scalar S (breaking $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$

U

(
1
)

L
μ

-

L
τ

), a scalar dark matter $$X_I$$

X
I

and its partner $$X_R$$

X
R

. We find that the CDF W-mass disfavors $$m_{E_1}= m_{E_2}={m_N}$$

m

E
1

=

m

E
2

=

m
N

or $$s_L=s_R=0$$

s
L

=

s
R

=
0

where $$s_{L(R)}$$

s

L
(
R
)

is mixing parameter of left (right)-handed fields of vector-like leptons. A large mass splitting between $$E_1$$

E
1

and $$E_2$$

E
2

is favored when the differences between $$s_L$$

s
L

and $$s_R$$

s
R

becomes small. The muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly can be simultaneously explained for appropriate difference between $$m_{E_1}$$

m

E
1

$$(s_L)$$

(

s
L

)

and $$m_{E_2}$$

m

E
2

$$(s_R)$$

(

s
R

)

, and some regions are excluded by the diphoton signal data of the 125 GeV Higgs. Combined with the CDF W-mass, muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly and other relevant constraints, the correct dark matter relic density is mainly obtained in two different scenarios: (i) $$X_IX_I\rightarrow Z'Z',~ SS$$

X
I

X
I

→

Z
′

Z
′

,

S
S

for $$m_{Z'}(m_S)<m_{X_I}$$

m

Z
′

(

m
S

)

<

m

X
I

and (ii) the co-annihilation processes for $$min(m_{E_1},m_{E_2},m_N,m_{X_R})$$

m
i
n
(

m

E
1

,

m

E
2

,

m
N

,

m

X
R

)

close to $$m_{X_I}$$

m

X
I

. Finally, we use the direct searches for $$2\ell +E_T^{miss}$$

2
ℓ
+

E
T

miss

event at the LHC to constrain the model, and show the allowed mass ranges of the vector-like leptons and dark matter.
Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences in Somatic Cancer Gene Mutations among Patients with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Holowatyj Andreana N. , Wen Wanqing , Gibbs Timothy , Seagle Hannah M. , Keller Samantha R. , Edwards Digna R. Velez , Washington Mary K. , Eng Cathy , Perea Jose , Zheng Wei , Guo Xingyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMolecular features underlying colorectal cancer disparities remain uncharacterized. Here, we investigated somatic mutation patterns by race/ethnicity and sex among 5,856 non-Hispanic white (NHW), 535 non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 512 Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients with colorectal cancer (2,016 early-onset colorectal cancer patients: sequencing age &lt;50 years). NHB patients with early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer, but not API patients, had higher adjusted tumor mutation rates than NHW patients. There were significant differences for LRP1B, FLT4, FBXW7, RNF43, ATRX, APC, and PIK3CA mutation frequencies in early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancers between racial/ethnic groups. Heterogeneities by race/ethnicity were observed for the effect of APC, FLT4, and FAT1 between early-onset and late-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer. By sex, heterogeneity was observed for the effect of EP300, BRAF, WRN, KRAS, AXIN2, and SMAD2. Males and females with nonhypermutated colorectal cancer had different trends in EP300 mutations by age group. These findings define genomic patterns of early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer by race/ethnicity and sex, which yields novel biological clues into early-onset colorectal cancer disparities.Significance:NHBs, but not APIs, with early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer had higher adjusted tumor mutation rates versus NHWs. Differences for FLT4, FBXW7, RNF43, LRP1B, APC, PIK3CA, and ATRX mutation rates between racial/ethnic groups and EP300, KRAS, AXIN2, WRN, BRAF, and LRP1B mutation rates by sex were observed in tumors of young patients.See related commentary by Shen et al., p. 530 .This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517
Latour and Schmitt: Political Theology and Science
Authors: Turner Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article the nature of Bruno Latour’s relation to Carl Schmitt is discussed, considering the point by point revisions of Schmitt offered by Latour and his references to Schmitt. These turn out to be plentiful and illuminating. Yet the nature of Latour’s revision and its implications are obscure. The implications of his notion of cosmopolitics for political theory are minimal, and in other respects the Schmittian picture is unchanged. Unlike Schmitt, who embeds political theory in political theology, and presents a political theology in order to problematize political theory, but provides a meta-theology, Latour presents an alternative political theology, and not a meta-theology.
How Do Technological Systems Define Who War Victims Are?
Authors: Albornoz María Belén , Becerra Javier Andrés Jiménez 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn a range of peace process scenarios, the expert’s knowledge has become a fundamental tool for generating information systems as a mechanism for the storage and circulation of data. These information artifacts are supposed to faithfully document situations of human rights violations and contribute to the design of public policy and the construction of collective memory. Following Latour’s (1993) original coinage of the term coproduction, this paper analyzes how the Inter-Institutional System of Information for Justice and Peace (SIIJYP)1 was designed to define victims of war and means of reparation from the State in Colombia. From an actor network theory perspective, we explain how victimizers become the main beneficiaries of the application of the SIIJYP. To comprehend this unintended social impact of the technological artifact and how it becomes an artifact that functions as an aseptic mediator of the historical-judicial truth, and the policy of transitional justice, we examine the relations between human and nonhuman actors, how information is collected, organized, hierarchized, and negotiated, as well as the consequences of the technical and legal construction of the notion of victims of war.
The Use of Whole Blood in Rural Trauma Leads to Decreased Resource Utilization
Authors: Niemann Britney R. , Grabo Daniel J. , Mullens Cody , Shmookler Aaron D. , Lopez Santiago , Lander Owen M. , Griffin Peter L. , Bardes James M. 
Published: December 2022

Background Nearly 40% of trauma deaths result from uncontrolled hemorrhage. Most of these deaths occur within 24 hours, highlighting the importance of early resuscitation. Balanced component resuscitation has been shown to improve outcomes in hemorrhagic shock. However, hemostatic properties may then be decreased, leading to inadequate coagulopathy treatment or higher transfusion requirements. Data comparing the efficacy of component vs. whole blood (WB) resuscitation in early trauma is poor, particularly in the rural population. This study investigates WB use and resource utilization at a rural Level 1 trauma center. Methods A prospective cohort study with historical controls (HC) was performed using patients over age 17 presenting as the highest priority trauma. Two units of WB were available to patients with signs of hemorrhagic shock, with subsequent transfusions via massive transfusion protocol or thromboelastography guidance. Component utilization, time to hemorrhage control, complications, and transfer times were examined. Results Forty patients received WB vs. 153 HC. WB patients had lower complication rates (35% vs. 55.6%; P = .02), and a significant reduction in pRBC utilization in the emergency department (0 vs. 2; P < .0001) and throughout admission (2.0 vs. 4.0; P = .0003). All patients had prolonged transport times given the rural setting (1.42 hours HC vs. 2.03 hours WB; P = .002). Discussion Unlike most urban WB studies, this study occurred in a rural area with extended transportation times, when WB is inaccessible for patients. Despite this delay, WB patients demonstrated lower component utilization and complication rates. Further research is needed to characterize the impact of early WB access.