bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicadores como instrumentos de avaliação de sistemas urbanos sustentáveis no mundo e no Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Giselaine Maria Gomes de , Oliveira Rui de , Nascimento Ruth Silveira do , Silva Mônica Maria Pereira da 
Published: February 2022

A sustentabilidade dos sistemas urbanos é uma grande preocupação dos gestores em todo o mundo. Especialmente, as cidades em desenvolvimento devem aprimorar as suas práticas de gestão para estabelecer sistemas urbanos sustentáveis. Para que este tipo de sistema caminhe em direção ao desenvolvimento sustentável é imprescindível definir princípios, estudar e avaliar a sustentabilidade nos critérios social, econômico e ambiental. Para mensurar a sustentabilidade é necessário utilizar métodos e instrumentos, como indicadores. Estes constituem parâmetros que fornecem informações sobre o estado do ambiente, gerando um valor quantitativo. Neste ínterim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar os princípios, critérios, métodos de avaliação e indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana desenvolvidos e aplicados no mundo e no Brasil para auxiliar aos pesquisadores que trabalham com a gestão de sistemas urbanos. O levantamento documental foi realizado de novembro de 2020 a março de 2021 em periódicos científicos, com publicações entre 2016 a 2020. Foram listados e analisados 187 artigos. Nesse processo, foi imperativo ponderar alguns critérios de exclusão: não utilização de indicadores, foco desviado de sistema urbano e revisão bibliográfica. Ao final, um total de 49 artigos foi considerado para análise qualitativa e quantitativa. De acordo com os dados coletados, verificou-se que a integração do critério social foi o mais comum (33 artigos no total – 82,5%), seguida do critério ambiental (29 artigos no total – 72,5%) e econômico (27 artigos no total – 67,5%). Um total de 17 artigos utilizaram os critérios: social, econômico e ambiental. Constatou-se que não há consenso sobre esses critérios, porém, identificou-se a interdependência entre eles. A sustentabilidade não é atingida, tratando-se e aplicando-se as dimensões isoladamente. Percebeu-se também que para avaliar a sustentabilidade urbana, a maioria dos artigos utilizou índices (38,8%) e outros métodos, tais como: Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, Análise de fluxo de materiais, Análise multicritério e Avaliação baseada em escalas. Portanto, o conjunto de princípios e indicadores de sustentabilidade urbana listado, permite apoiar futuras pesquisas, às comunidades e aos gestores urbanos para diagnosticar problemas e identificar pressões que fornecem informações úteis à intervenção social, econômica e ambiental, e, assim, alcançar a tão almejadas cidades sustentáveis.
Budget Saving Potential of Pegfilgrastim Biosimilar for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Febrile Neutropenia, in Italy
Authors: Berto Patrizia , Bellone Marco , Sabinot Alice , Pinto Carmine , Martino Massimo , Generali Daniele , Carriero Pier Luigi , Sanna Maria Domenica 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: Current Italian guidelines recommend prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) to reduce the risk of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN). The availability of G-CSF biosimilars represents an opportunity for savings in the Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS) delivery of care.OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost saving potential associated with the introduction of pegfilgrastim biosimilars to local formularies, compared to the current G-CSF standard practice in Italy.METHODS: A budget impact model was developed to compare the current standard practice of long-acting (LA) and short-acting (SA) G-CSFs use, with a future scenario in which the market share of LA G-CSFs grows due to the more advantageous administration schedule and price of pegfilgrastim biosimilar. The analysis included G-CSF treatment schedules, drug acquisition costs and costs of patient management including hospitalization and ambulatory care.RESULTS: The introduction of pegfilgrastim biosimilar resulted in cumulative 3-year cost savings of € 59,650 and € 41,539 for FN prophylaxis in a potential cohort of 1000 patients with solid tumors and lymphomas, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the introduction of pegfilgrastim biosimilar is potentially associated with substantial cost savings for the Italian healthcare system.
Relations sociales, intimité et bien-être : expériences d’hommes immigrants gais en contexte post-migratoire québécois
Authors: Fournier Claudia , Hamelin Brabant Louise , Dupéré Sophie 
Published: February 2022

Le Canada et le Québec projettent à l’international l’image de lieux multiculturels et accueillants pour les personnes LGBTQ+, étant donné l’égalité juridique et la relative acceptation sociale que celles-ci peuvent y obtenir. Plusieurs hommes gais qui choisissent de s’y installer espèrent accéder non seulement à de meilleures conditions socioéconomiques, mais aussi à un climat socioculturel et politique leur permettant une vie sociale et intime plus satisfaisante. Dans cet article, qui présente des résultats d’une étude qualitative, nous examinons l’expérience de vie au Québec et la quête de bien-être de 25 jeunes hommes gais ayant immigré récemment à Montréal ou Québec. Plus précisément, notre but est de montrer comment leurs expériences sociales et intimes façonnent leur bien-être en contexte post-migratoire. L’analyse de leurs témoignages, soutenue par l’approche de la sociologie de l’expérience de François Dubet, a permis de dégager quatre grands constats. Premièrement, vivre au Québec leur permet de se sentir plus acceptés comme gais par les autres et par eux-mêmes, élément central à leur bien-être. Deuxièmement, leur bien-être s’avère dépendre des possibilités de bien s’entourer dans leur nouvel environnement. Troisièmement, les milieux et réseaux gais, bien que sources de certaines insatisfactions, peuvent servir de portes d’entrée pour s’intégrer à leur société d’accueil. Quatrièmement, leur bien-être concernant leur vie intime est principalement lié aux possibilités de mieux vivre au quotidien une homosexualité autrefois contenue, entre l’exploration sexuelle et la quête souvent inaboutie d’une conjugalité stable. Cette contribution appelle à mieux prévenir les différentes formes de discrimination pouvant marquer la vie sociale et intime des immigrants gais en contexte post-migratoire, ainsi qu’à les accompagner davantage dans leur intégration à travers les milieux et réseaux gais, mais aussi à l’extérieur de ceux-ci.
The importance of indirect effects of climate change adaptations on alpine and pre‐alpine freshwater systems
Authors: Brosse Morgane , Benateau Simon , Gaudard Adrien , Stamm Christian , Altermatt Florian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Freshwater is vital to much life on Earth and is an essential resource for humans. Climate change, however, dramatically changes freshwater systems and reduces water quality, poses a risk to drinking water availability and has severe impacts on aquatic ecosystems and their biodiversity.

The direct effects of climate change, such as increased temperatures and higher frequency of extreme meteorological events, interact with human responses to climate change, which we refer to here as ‘indirect effects’. The latter possibly have even greater impact than the direct effects of climate change. Specifically, changes in land‐use practices as responses to climate change, such as adjusted cropping regimes or a shift to renewable hydroelectricity to mitigate climate change, can very strongly affect freshwater ecosystems.

Hitherto, these indirect effects and the possibility of idiosyncratic outcomes are under‐recognized. Here, we synthesize knowledge and identify threats to freshwater environments in alpine and pre‐alpine regions, which are particularly affected by climate change.

We focus on the effects of adapted agriculture and hydropower production on freshwater quality and ecological status, as these examples have strong indirect effects that interact with direct effects of climate change (e.g., water temperature, droughts, isolation of populations).

We outline how failure to effectively account for indirect effects associated with human responses to climate change may exacerbate direct climate change impacts on aquatic ecosystems. If managed properly, however, human responses to indirect effects offer potential for rapid and implementable leverage to mitigate some of the direct climate change effects on aquatic ecosystems. To better address looming risks, policy‐ and decisionmakers must account for indirect effects and incorporate them into restoration planning and the respective sectorial policies.
Impact of geometric distortion on dose deviation for photon and proton treatment plans
Authors: Yan Yue , Yang Jinzhong , Li Yuting , Ding Yao , Kadbi Mo , Wang Jihong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigated the dose deviation related to geometric distortion and dose gradient on magnetic resonance‐only treatment planning for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy. The residual geometric distortion of two different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (A) and (B) was applied in the computed tomography image and the structure set of each patient through a polynomial MRI geometric distortion model to simulate MRI‐based treatment planning. A 3D histogram was generated to specify the relationship of dose deviation to geometric distortion and dose gradient. When the dose gradient (Gd) approached zero, the maximum dose deviation reached 1.64% and 2.71% for photon plans of sequences A and B, respectively. For proton plans, the maximum dose deviation reached 3.15% and 4.89% for sequences A and B, respectively. When the geometric distortion (d) was close to zero, the maximum dose deviation was less than 0.8% for photon and proton plans of both sequences. Under extreme conditions (d = 2 mm and Gd = 4.5%/mm), the median value of dose deviation reached 3% and 3.49% for photon and proton plans, respectively for sequence A, and 2.93% and 4.55% for photon and proton plans, respectively, for sequence B. We demonstrate that the dose deviation is specific to MRI hardware parameters. Compared to the photon plan, the proton plan is more sensitive to the changes in geometric distortion. For typical clinical MRI geometric distortion (d ≤2 mm), the median dose deviation is expected to be within 3% and 5% for photon and proton plans, respectively.
Flexible Mechanical Metamaterials Enabled Electronic Skin for Real‐Time Detection of Unstable Grasping in Robotic Manipulation
Authors: Huang Xin , Guo Wei , Liu Shaoyu , Li Yangyang , Qiu Yuqi , Fang Han , Yang Ganguang , Zhu Kanhao , Yin Zhouping , Li Zhuo , Wu Hao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractElectronic‐skin (E‐skin) has been investigated extensively for robotic tactile sensing. However, E‐skin sensors based on flexible metamaterials are still challenging to achieve. Moreover, the implementation of E‐skin sensor arrays in the actual monitoring of robotic grasping and manipulation conditions are rather limited due to the difficulty in data processing. Herein, high‐performance E‐skin strain sensors based on flexible auxetic metamaterials are reported, which endow the sensors with the capability of measuring both compressive (40%) and tensile (>80%) strain in a wide range and superior sensitivity, as compared with sensors without the structure. With perception data collected by the sensors, a generic method for real‐time detection of unstable robotic grasping is established. Through this method, the complicated problem of processing large‐scale arrayed sensor signals is simplified into the calculation of two indices, which extract both time and frequency domain characteristics of the signals. The total detection time (including sensor measurement response and data processing) can be as short as 100 ms, in line with human skin response in slippage perception. Accurate detections in real‐time during various grasping and manipulation tasks are presented, demonstrating the great value of the sensors and the detection approach in robotic perception and dexterous manipulation.
Rational Design of Bioinspired Nucleobase‐Containing Polymers as Tough Bioplastics and Ultra‐Strong Adhesives
Authors: Tian Yuting , Wu Jiang , Fang Xinzi , Guan Liheng , Yao Nan , Yang Guang , Wang Zhongkai , Hua Zan , Liu Guangming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of polymeric materials from bio‐based feedstocks is highly urgent due to growing environmental concerns and the rapid depletion of limited fossil resources. However, bio‐based polymeric materials usually possess only moderate performance, drastically undermining their potential applicability. Herein, bioinspired nucleobase‐containing polymers with eminent toughness and outstanding adhesive properties by harnessing the complementary hydrogen‐bonding (H‐bonding) interactions are developed. Efficient thiol‐ene polymerization is carried out to produce the nucleobase‐functionalized homopolymers and statistical copolymers. In contrast to the individual homopolymers, the supramolecular mixtures of the homopolymers display much better energy dissipation and damping capacity on account of intermolecular complementary H‐bonding interactions. More remarkably, the nucleobase‐containing copolymers possessing both inter‐ and intramolecular complementary H‐bonding interactions exhibit outstanding toughness as high as 73.8 MJ m−3. In addition to the outstanding mechanical properties, the unique interfacial adhesive propensity of nucleobases endows the polymeric materials with an ultra‐strong adhesion strength as high as 16.2 MPa. This work represents an important and universal bioinspired strategy to construct robust polymeric materials by rationally designing both inter‐ and intramolecular H‐bonding networks.
Shape‐Anisotropic Microembolics Generated by Microfluidic Synthesis for Transarterial Embolization Treatment
Authors: Luo Yucheng , Ma Yutao , Chen Zijian , Gao Yanan , Zhou Yuping , Liu Xiaoya , Liu Xuezhe , Gao Xu , Li Zhihua , Liu Chuang , Leo Hwa Liang , Yu Hanry , Guo Qiongyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParticulate embolic agents with calibrated sizes, which employ interventional procedures to achieve endovascular embolization, have recently attracted tremendous interest in therapeutic embolotherapies for a wide plethora of diseases. However, the particulate shape effect, which may play a critical role in embolization performances, has been rarely investigated. Here, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based shape‐anisotropic microembolics are developed using a facile droplet‐based microfluidic fabrication method via heat‐accelerated PVA‐glutaraldehyde crosslinking reaction at a mild temperature of 38 °C. Precise geometrical controls of the microembolics are achieved with a nearly capsule shape through regulating surfactant concentration and flow rate ratio between dispersed phase and continuous phase in the microfluidics. Two specific models are employed, i.e., in vitro decellularized rabbit liver embolization model and in vivo rabbit ear embolization model, to systematically evaluate the embolization behaviors of the nonspherical microembolics. Compared to microspheres of the same volume, the elongated microembolics demonstrated advantageous endovascular navigation capability, penetration depth and embolization stability due to their comparatively smaller radial diameter and their central cylindrical part providing larger contact area with distal vessels. Such nonspherical microembolics present a promising platform to apply shape anisotropy to achieve distinctive therapeutic effects for endovascular treatments.
Quasi‐2D Perovskite Crystalline Layers for Printable Direct Conversion X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Tsai Hsinhan , Shrestha Shreetu , Pan Lei , Huang Hsin‐Hsiang , Strzalka Joseph , Williams Darrick , Wang Leeyih , Cao Lei. R. , Nie Wanyi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolycrystalline perovskite film‐based X‐ray detector is an appealing technology for assembling large scale imager by printing methods. However, thick crystalline layer without trap and solvent residual is challenging to fabricate. Here, the authors report a solution method to produce high quality quasi‐2D perovskite crystalline layers and detectors that are suitable for X‐ray imaging. By introducing n‐butylamine iodide into methylammonium lead iodide precursor and coating at elevated temperatures, compact and crystalline layers with exceptional uniformity are obtained on both rigid and flexible substrates. Photodiodes built with the quasi‐2D layers exhibit a low dark current and stable operation under constant electrical field over 96 h in dark, and over 15 h under X‐ray irradiation. The detector responds sensitively under X‐ray, delivering a high sensitivity of 1214 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a sensitivity gain is observed when operated under higher fields. Finally, high resolution images are demonstrated using a single pixel device that can resolve 80–200 µm features. This work paves the path for printable direct conversion X‐ray imager development.
Unconventional Doping Effect Leads to Ultrahigh Average Thermoelectric Power Factor in Cu3SbSe4‐Based Composites
Authors: Huang Yuling , Zhang Bin , Li Jingwei , Zhou Zizhen , Zheng Sikang , Li Nanhai , Wang Guiwen , Zhang De , Zhang Daliang , Han Guang , Wang Guoyu , Han Xiaodong , Lu Xu , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThermoelectric materials are typically highly degenerate semiconductors, which require high carrier concentration. However, the efficiency of conventional doping by replacing host atoms with alien ones is restricted by solubility limit, and, more unfavorably, such a doping method is likely to cause strong charge‐carrier scattering at ambient temperature, leading to deteriorated electrical performance. Here, an unconventional doping strategy is proposed, where a small trace of alien atoms is used to stabilize cation vacancies in Cu3SbSe4 by compositing with CuAlSe2, in which the cation vacancies rather than the alien atoms provide a high density of holes. Consequently, the hole concentration enlarges by six times but the carrier mobility is well maintained. As a result, a record‐high average power factor of 19 µW cm−1 K−2 in the temperature range of 300–723 K is attained. Finally, with further reduced lattice thermal conductivity, a peak zT value of 1.4 and a record‐high average zT value of 0.72 are achieved within the diamond‐like compounds. This new doping strategy not only can be applied for boosting the average power factor for thermoelectrics, but more generally can be used to maintain carrier mobility for a variety of semiconductors that need high carrier concentration.
Surface Stability of Azobenzene‐Based Thin Films in Aqueous Environment: Light‐Controllable Underwater Blistering
Authors: Audia Biagio , Fedele Chiara , Tone Caterina M. , Cipparrone Gabriella , Priimagi Arri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAzobenzene‐based light‐responsive thin films are emerging as appealing candidates for smart cell‐culture substrates. Their attraction lies in the fact that they can be reversibly photo‐patterned, providing a route for dynamically mimicking the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. However, since the cells need to be cultured in aqueous environment, a key parameter in the layout of any biological application is the stability of the surface underwater. In this work, the authors perform a detailed investigation on the surface stability of azobenzene‐based thin films in water and in a biologically relevant aqueous medium in which surface blistering occurs, as a result of water–material interaction. The phenomenon arises due to film delamination, and it can be prevented by changing the underlying substrate, by an additional coating layer, or by photo‐induced control over the film permeability. It is also shown that the blister orientation can be controlled with polarized light. Furthermore, a simple model based on osmotic pressure is proposed to explain the blister formation. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of the interaction between water and the photo‐responsive film surface, pertinent for engineering biomaterials with enhanced dynamic control over the cell–material interface.
Autonomous Multi‐Step and Multi‐Objective Optimization Facilitated by Real‐Time Process Analytics
Authors: Sagmeister Peter , Ort Florian F. , Jusner Clemens E. , Hebrault Dominique , Tampone Thomas , Buono Frederic G. , Williams Jason D. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutonomous flow reactors are becoming increasingly utilized in the synthesis of organic compounds, yet the complexity of the chemical reactions and analytical methods remains limited. The development of a modular platform which uses rapid flow NMR and FTIR measurements, combined with chemometric modeling, is presented for efficient and timely analysis of reaction outcomes. This platform is tested with a four variable single‐step reaction (nucleophilic aromatic substitution), to determine the most effective optimization methodology. The self‐optimization approach with minimal background knowledge proves to provide the optimal reaction parameters within the shortest operational time. The chosen approach is then applied to a seven variable two‐step optimization problem (imine formation and cyclization), for the synthesis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient edaravone. Despite the exponentially increased complexity of this optimization problem, the platform achieves excellent results in a relatively small number of iterations, leading to >95% solution yield of the intermediate and up to 5.42 kg L−1 h−1 space‐time yield for this pharmaceutically relevant product.
Contribution of Anisotropic Lattice‐Strain to Piezoelectricity and Electromechanical Power Generation of Flexible Inorganic Halide Thin Films
Authors: Kim Da Bin , Jo Kyeong Su , Park Sung Jun , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStrain engineering has recently emerged as a critical strategy in improving the optoelectronic properties of perovskite halide materials. However, the effects of lattice strain on piezoelectricity and related device performance have not been realized in perovskite halides. Herein, an in situ‐strain‐engineering method is proposed to induce a compressive or tensile strain of up to 0.75% for flexible inorganic–halide CsPbBr3 thin films, resulting in anisotropic lattice strain, e.g., a contraction in the ab‐plane and elongation along the c‐axis in the case of compressive strain. The optimal piezoelectric energy harvesting values of ≈22.6 V and ≈1.13 µA are achieved, which are nearly 3.8 and 7.1 times better than those of the unstrained reference, for the compressively 0.75%‐strained CsPbBr3 thin films further optimized with electric poling. These output values are the best so far compared to any previously reported values for perovskite‐halide‐based thin‐film harvesters. The structural origins of these superlative results are systematically revealed to be associated with the distortion of coupled PbBr6 octahedra and the atomic displacement within each octahedron.