bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heteromeric interactions of ripening-related ethylene receptors in tomato fruit
Authors: Kamiyoshihara Yusuke , Achiha Yuki , Ishikawa Shin , Mizuno Shinji , Mori Hitoshi , Tateishi Akira , Huber Donald J , Klee Harry J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ripening of climacteric fruits is initiated when the gaseous plant hormone ethylene is perceived by the cell. Ethylene binding to membrane-associated ethylene receptors (ETRs) triggers a series of biochemical events through multiple components, resulting in the induction of numerous ripening-related genes. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), there are seven members of the ETR family, which each contribute to the regulation of fruit ripening. However, the relative contribution of each individual receptor to ethylene signaling remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated the formation of heteromeric receptor complexes across the two ETR subfamilies in tomato fruit. Immunoprecipitation of subfamily II SlETR4 resulted in co-purification of subfamily I (SlETR1, SlETR2, and SlETR3), but not subfamily II members (SlETR5, SlETR6, and SlETR7). Such biased interactions were verified in yeast two-hybrid assays, and in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, in which heterologous SlETR4 interacts with subfamily I ETRs. Our analysis also revealed that the receptor complexes engage the Raf-like protein kinases SlCTR1 and SlCTR3, which are potential regulators of signaling. Here, we suggest that tomato receptor members form heteromeric complexes to fine-tune signal output to the downstream pathway, which is similar to that of the Arabidopsis system but appears to be partially diverged.
Forbush decreases associated with coronal mass ejections from active and non-active regions: statistical comparison
Authors: Melkumyan A A , Belov A V , Abunina M A , Abunin A A , Shlyk N S , Oleneva V A , Yanke V G 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, Forbush decreases (FDs) from 1997 to 2020 associated with coronal mass ejections from active and non-active regions are compared between themselves and to FDs caused by high-speed streams from coronal holes. The two types of sporadic FDs are also compared when corresponding solar wind (SW) disturbances contain, or do not contain, magnetic clouds (MCs) near Earth. Cosmic ray density and anisotropy variations, SW speed, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) strength, and geomagnetic indices have been examined using statistical methods. The results reveal that these parameters are larger for FDs associated with active region (AR) ejections and have highly skewed distributions for both types of sporadic events. In the same ranges of SW parameters, FD magnitude is larger for flare-associated events; more efficient modulation occurs in FDs associated with AR ejections. Differences between FDs associated with AR and non-AR ejections are more pronounced when an MC is registered. For IMF strength and geomagnetic indices, differences between the distributions depend more upon MC presence or absence than on the type of solar source. Correlation of IMF strength and SW speed differs slightly between FDs caused by AR and non-AR ejections regardless of the presence or absence of an MC, akin to the partial correlation between FD magnitude and IMF strength. Difference between the speeds of disturbed and background SW is larger for FDs associated with AR ejections especially when an MC is registered; the interaction region of different-speed SW streams occurs more frequently in interplanetary disturbances induced by AR ejections.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Smoking Cessation Interventions With Behavioral Support: A Study Based on the Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes (BENESCO) Model
Authors: Park Sun-Kyeong , Kang Dong-Won , Lee Eui-Kyung 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Few studies have compared cost-effectiveness of different smoking cessation interventions (SCIs) that include behavioral support, considering smoking-related diseases. Therefore, we compare the cost-effectiveness of SCIs with behavioral support in South Korea using the Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes (BENESCO) model.

Aims and Methods
We used the BENESCO model to estimate the cost and utility of the SCIs with behavioral support, including pharmacist counseling with nicotine replacement therapy (pharmacist+NRT), expert counseling with NRT (expert+NRT), and expert counseling with varenicline (expert+varenicline). The target population was adult smokers who wanted to cease smoking within 1 month. We applied transitional probabilities and epidemiological data from the literature. Medical costs and utilities were calculated using claims and national survey data, respectively. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated within the threshold (17 926 USD per quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]) by incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results
The model cohort included 1 219 390 male and 298 511 female smokers. The pharmacist+NRT group had 32 842 more QALYs gained and 26 689 958 USD less expended than the expert+NRT group. The ICER for the expert+varenicline group versus the pharmacist+NRT and expert+NRT groups was 27 247 and 4074 USD per QALY, respectively. The robustness of the results was confirmed by sensitivity analyses, except for the discount rate and cost of the expert+varenicline group.

Conclusions
In Korea, pharmacist counseling with NRT showed higher QALY gains and lower costs than expert counseling with NRT. Expert counseling with varenicline was more effective for smoking cessation and more cost-effective than expert counseling with NRT but was not cost-effective compared with pharmacist counseling with NRT.

Implications
This study provides evidence for decision-making on smoking cessation programs by evaluating the cost-effectiveness of SCIs. Furthermore, we attempted to use the BENESCO model to compare and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of SCIs with behavioral support. It is meaningful because this study showed the availability of using the BENESCO model in the future cost-effectiveness analysis of various SCIs.
Interannual consistency of migration phenology is season- and breeding region-specific in North American Golden Eagles
Authors: Maynard Laurie D , Therrien Jean-François , Lemaître Jérôme , Booms Travis , Miller Tricia A , Katzner Todd , Somershoe Scott , Cooper Jeff , Sargent Robert , Lecomte Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInterannual consistency (an indicator of the strength of adjustments) in migration phenology of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in North America is most strongly associated with the breeding region, the season, and with late-season temperature on breeding and wintering grounds. Consistency was greatest in boreal spring migration and the breeding regions of eastern Canada. Using multi-year GPS tracks of 83 adults breeding in 3 spatially distant regions (Alaska, northeast Canada, and southeast Canada), we quantified the interannual consistency of migration phenology and wintering latitude within and among individuals tracked across multiple years and the repeatability (r) by breeding regions and seasons. By comparing regions and seasons, we found that consistency was highest (r &gt; 0.85) for boreal spring migration in eastern Canada while Alaska had the lowest value (r &lt; 0.15). Because seasonal consistency of migration phenology was only detected in eastern Canada, we conclude that seasonal features are not a primary constraint. While regional differences in consistency were not related to differences in migratory distances, they could be the result of genetic or habitat differences. We also found that temperatures warmer than the decadal average at the region of departure delayed the start of boreal spring migration by ~10 days and advanced boreal autumn migration by ~20 days. These results suggest that warmer temperatures would reduce residence time on breeding grounds, contrary to expectations and trends found in other studies. Wide variations in migratory strategies across a species distribution can add to the list of challenges for conservation but may give migrants the capacity to acclimate to environmental changes.
ANDICAM I- and J-band monitoring of bright inner Galactic late-type stars
Authors: Messineo Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Time-series photometry in the I and J bands of 57 inner Galactic late-type stars, highly probable red supergiant (RSG) stars, is presented here. 38% of the sample presents significant photometric variations. The variations in the I and J bands appear to be correlated, with ΔI ∝ ΔJ × 2.2, ΔI variations ranging from 0.04–1.08 mag, and ΔJ variations from 0.03–0.52 mag. New short periods (&lt;1000 d) could be estimated for eight stars and range from 167–433 d. This work confirms that the sample is not contaminated by large-amplitude asymptotic giant branch stars. Furthermore, despite the large errors in distance, the period–luminosity diagram suggests that the sample is populating the same sequence as the known Galactic RSGs.
A secreted fungal subtilase interferes with rice immunity via degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF G2 ALLELE OF skp1
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Li Xiabing , Duan Yuhang , Pei Zhangxin , Liu Hao , Yin Weixiao , Huang Junbin , Luo Chaoxi , Chen Xiaolin , Li Guotian , Xie Kabin , Hsiang Tom , Zheng Lu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Serine protease subtilase, found widely in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, participates in various biological processes. However, how fungal subtilase regulates plant immunity is a major concern. Here, we identified a secreted fungal subtilase, UvPr1a, from the rice false smut (RFS) fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. We characterized UvPr1a as a virulence effector localized to the plant cytoplasm that inhibits plant cell death induced by Bax. Heterologous expression of UvPr1a in rice (Oryza sativa) enhanced plant susceptibility to rice pathogens. UvPr1a interacted with the important rice protein SUPPRESSOR OF G2 ALLELE OF skp1 (OsSGT1), a positive regulator of innate immunity against multiple rice pathogens, degrading OsSGT1 in a protease activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, host-induced gene silencing of UvPr1a compromised disease resistance of rice plants. Our work reveals a previously uncharacterized fungal virulence strategy in which a fungal pathogen secretes a subtilase to interfere with rice immunity through degradation of OsSGT1, thereby promoting infection. These genetic resources provide tools for introducing RFS resistance and further our understanding of plant–pathogen interactions.
Association between psoriatic disease and lifestyle factors and comorbidities: cross-sectional analysis and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhao Sizheng Steven , Bellou Eftychia , Verstappen Suzanne M M , Cook Michael J , Sergeant Jamie C , Warren Richard B , Barton Anne , Bowes John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine associations between PsA and psoriasis vs lifestyle factors and comorbidities by triangulating observational and genetic evidence.MethodsWe analysed cross-sectional data from the UK Biobank (1836 PsA, 8995 psoriasis, 36 000 controls) to describe the association between psoriatic disease and lifestyle factors (including BMI and smoking) and 15 comorbidities [including diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD)] using logistic models adjusted for age, sex and lifestyle factors. We applied bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to genome-wide association data (3609 PsA and 7804 psoriasis cases, up to 1.2 million individuals for lifestyle factors and 757 601 for comorbidities) to examine causal direction, using the inverse-variance weighted method.ResultsBMI was cross-sectionally associated with risk of PsA (OR 1.31 per 5 kg/m2 increase; 95% CI 1.26, 1.37) and psoriasis (OR 1.23; 1.20, 1.26), with consistent MR estimates (PsA OR 1.38; 1.14, 1.67; psoriasis OR 1.36; 1.18, 1.58). In both designs, smoking was more strongly associated with psoriasis than PsA. PsA and psoriasis were cross-sectionally associated with diabetes (OR 1.35 and 1.39, respectively) and CAD (OR 1.56 and 1.38, respective). Genetically predicted glycated haemoglobin (surrogate for diabetes) increased PsA risk (OR 1.18 per 6.7 mmol/mol increase; 1.02, 1.36) but not psoriasis. Genetic liability to PsA (OR 1.05; 1.003, 1.09) and psoriasis (OR 1.03; 1.001, 1.06) were associated with increased risk of CAD.ConclusionObservational and genetic evidence converge to suggest that BMI and glycaemic control are associated with increased psoriatic disease risk, while psoriatic disease is associated with increased CAD risk. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of these associations.
Macrophages as determinants and regulators of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Al-Adwi Yehya , Westra Johanna , van Goor Harry , Burgess Janette K , Denton Christopher P , Mulder Douwe J 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
SSc is a multiphase autoimmune disease with a well-known triad of clinical manifestations including vasculopathy, inflammation and fibrosis. Although a plethora of drugs has been suggested as potential candidates to halt SSc progression, nothing has proven clinically efficient. In SSc, both innate and adaptive immune systems are abnormally activated fuelling fibrosis of the skin and other vital organs. Macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc and are thought to be a major source of immune dysregulation. Due to their plasticity, macrophages can initiate and sustain chronic inflammation when classically activated while, simultaneously or parallelly, when alternatively activated they are also capable of secreting fibrotic factors. Here, we briefly explain the polarization process of macrophages. Subsequently, we link the activation of macrophages and monocytes to the molecular pathology of SSc, and illustrate the interplay between macrophages and fibroblasts. Finally, we present recent/near-future clinical trials and discuss novel targets related to macrophages/monocytes activation in SSc.
The Privilege to Work: Syrian Refugees in Jordan, Technical and Vocational Education Training, and the Remote Work Loophole
Authors: Bastaki Jinan , Charles Lorraine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Jordan is the second biggest host of Syrian refugees per capita in the world, yet, initially, refugees were not given the legal right to work. Investment in Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) was seen as a way to equip refugees and host communities to find employment, and with the 2016 Jordan Compact, a formal pathway for employment was created for Syrians refugees in Jordan. It appears that, despite some avenues for formal work and the significant investment in TVET programmes, many refugees still prefer to work in the informal sector. Through interviews with TVET providers in Jordan, this article assesses the role of TVET and explores the reasons for the preference for informal work among Syrian refugees in Jordan. The research shows that the most successful TVET programmes include digital skills training, as this enables refugees to work remotely, and informally, circumventing local laws that limit their participation in the local labour market. Yet, while digital skills appear to be the most promising in terms of actually helping refugees acquire work, there are still significant challenges.
Greed personality trait links to negative psychopathology and underlying neural substrates
Authors: Wei Shiyu , Jin Weipeng , Zhu Wenwei , Chen Shuning , Feng Jie , Wang Pinchun , Im Hohjin , Deng Kun , Zhang Bin , Zhang Manman , Yang Shaofeng , Peng Maomiao , Wang Qiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGreed personality trait (GPT), characterized by the desire to acquire more and the dissatisfaction of never having enough, has been hypothesized to link with negative emotion/affect characteristics and aggressive behaviors. To describe its emotion-related features, we utilized a series of scales to measure corresponding emotion/affect and aggression (n = 411) and collected their neuroimaging data (n = 330) to explore underlying morphological substrates. Correlational analyses revealed that greedy individuals show more negative symptoms (e.g. depression, loss of interest, negative affect), lower psychological well-being and more aggression. Mediation analyses further demonstrated that negative symptoms and psychological well-being mediated greedy individuals’ aggression. Moreover, exploratory factor analysis extracted factor scores across three factors (negative psychopathology, happiness, and motivation) from the measures scales. Negative psychopathology and happiness remained robust mediators. Importantly, these findings were replicated in an independent sample (n = 68). Voxel-based morphometry analysis also revealed that gray matter volumes (GMVs) in the prefrontal-parietal-occipital system were associated with negative psychopathology and happiness, and GMVs in the frontal pole and middle frontal cortex mediated the relationships between GPT and aggressions. These findings provide novel insights into the negative characteristics of dispositional greed, and suggest their mediating roles on greedy individuals’ aggression and underlying neuroanatomical substrates.
Changing the Antipsychotic in Early Nonimprovers to Amisulpride or Olanzapine: Randomized, Double-Blind Trial in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Heres Stephan , Cordes Joachim , Feyerabend Sandra , Schmidt-Kraepelin Christian , Musil Richard , Riedel Michael , Spellmann Ilja , Langguth Berthold , Landgrebe Michael , Fran Elmar , Petcu C Camelia , Hahn Eric , Ta Tam M T , Matei Valentin , Dehelean Liana , Papava Ion , Leweke F Markus , van der List Till , Tamasan Simona C , Lang Fabian U , Naber Dieter , Ruhrmann Stephan , Wolff-Menzler Claus , Juckel Georg , Ladea Maria , Stefanescu Cristinel , Lautenschlager Marion , Bauer Michael , Zamora Daisy , Horowitz Mark , Davis John M , Leucht Stefan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Meta-analyses have shown that the majority of patients with schizophrenia who have not improved after 2 weeks of treatment with an antipsychotic drug are unlikely to fully respond later. We hypothesized that switching to another antipsychotic with a different receptor binding profile is an effective strategy in such a situation.

Study Design
In total, 327 inpatients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia were randomized to double-blind treatment with either olanzapine (5–20 mg/day) or amisulpride (200–800 mg/day). Those patients who had not reached at least 25% Positive-and-Negative-Syndrome-Scale (PANSS) total score reduction from baseline after 2 weeks (the “non-improvers”) were rerandomized double-blind to either staying on the same compound (“stayers”) or to switching to the other antipsychotic (“switchers”) for another 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the difference in the number of patients in symptomatic remission between the combined “switchers” and the “stayers” after 8 weeks of treatment, analyzed by logistic regression.

Study Results
A total of 142 nonimprovers were rerandomized at week two. 25 (45.5 %) of the ‘stayers' compared to 41 (68.3 %) of the “switchers” reached remission at endpoint (p = .006). Differences in secondary efficacy outcomes were not significant, except for the PANSS negative subscore and the Clinical-Global-Impression-Scale. “Switchers” and “stayers” did not differ in safety outcomes.

Conclusions
Switching “non-improvers” from amisulpride to olanzapine or vice-versa increased remission rates and was safe. The superiority in the primary outcome was, however, not paralleled by significant differences in most secondary efficacy outcomes and the effect was only apparent at the last visit making replications of longer duration necessary.
Factors Associated with Nurses’ Perceived Competence in Pressure Injury Care in a Tertiary Hospital in Yunnan, China
Authors: Huang Sijia , Saensom Donwiwat 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess nurses’ perceived competence in pressure injury (PI) care and explore the association between perceived competence and nurses’ backgrounds, knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy in PI care.

Methods
This study used a descriptive correlational design. During January and February 2021, the authors sent an online questionnaire to 117 nurses caring for patients with or at risk of PI at a tertiary level hospital in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, to collect information regarding demographics, knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and perceived competence in PI care. Univariate and multiple regressions were performed to assess the associations.

Results
A total of 111 completed questionnaires were obtained, a response rate of 94.9%. Nurses reported inadequate knowledge and relatively low self-efficacy in PI care. However, they had positive attitudes and acceptable levels of perceived competence in PI care. According to a univariate analysis, being a wound specialist, having read PI-related articles or practice guideline within the past year, and having knowledge and self-efficacy in PI care were associated with nurses’ perceived competence.

Conclusions
Pressure injury-related knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy are independently associated with nurses’ perception of their competency in PI care.
Functional Outcomes for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Osteonecrosis Following Hip Core Decompression
Authors: DeFeo Brian M. , Neel Michael D. , Pui Ching-Hon , Jeha Sima , Hankins Jane S. , Kaste Sue C. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Patients with pediatric leukemia and sickle cell disease are at risk for developing osteonecrosis (ON), a disease that can result in pain, loss of function, and disability. Hip core decompression surgery is an option aimed to prevent femoral head collapse and avoid future arthroplasty.

Objective:
Describe functional outcomes and gait quality among a young population with hip ON before and after hip core decompression.

Methods:
Study included participants with hip ON secondary to treatment for hematologic malignancy or sickle cell disease, between 8 and 29 years of age, requiring hip core decompression surgery. At 1-year follow-up, 13 participants (9 male, median age of 17 years) completed the Functional Mobility Assessment (FMA), range of motion, and GAITRite testing.

Results:
The participants demonstrated improved mobility and endurance on the FMA at 1 year postoperatively compared with preoperatively, with higher scores for time on the Timed Up and Go (mean FMA score = 2.92 [SD = 1.32] vs 2.07 [SD = 1.70]), time on the Timed Up and Down Stairs (3.69 [0.85] vs 2.92 [1.66]), and 9-Minute Walk Test scores for distance walked (2.69 [0.63] vs 2.23 [0.93]) and heart rate (4.54 [0.66] vs 3.31 [1.38]). GAITRite analysis also showed improvements in many gait parameters at 1-year follow-up.

Limitations:
Cancer treatment complications other than ON could have contributed to results, not all eligible participants agreed to participate, and follow-up was only 1 year.

Conclusions:
Young patients with hip ON demonstrated improvements in functional mobility, endurance, and gait quality 1 year following hip core decompression.