bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aryl‐Alcohol‐Oxidase‐Mediated Synthesis of Piperonal and Other Valuable Aldehydes
Authors: Jankowski Nina , Koschorreck Katja , Urlacher Vlada B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of fungal aryl‐alcohol oxidases in biocatalysis is still modest, despite their advantageous capability to produce valuable aldehydes via oxidation of the respective alcohols without the need for costly external cofactors. For biocatalytic application, enzyme stability in the presence of organic solvents used for substrate solubilization has to be investigated, and process limitations due to low oxygen supply and the accumulation of the by‐product H2O2 must be addressed. In this study, we showed that the aryl‐alcohol oxidase PeAAO2 from Pleurotus eryngii P34 remained active and stable in the presence of up to 30% (v/v) various organic solvents and up to 500 mM H2O2. The potential of this biocatalyst was explored based on conversion of piperonyl alcohol to the fragrance compound piperonal. After reaction optimization, product titers of up to 245 mM were achieved within 3 h. Addition of catalase was imperative to re‐introduce O2 as co‐substrate into the reaction, thereby diminishing oxygen limitation. On a preparative scale, space‐time‐yield of 9.5 g/l/h was achieved and 244.6 mg piperonal (85% yield) with >99% purity were isolated via simple crystallization from n‐hexane extract. Under optimized reaction conditions four other substrates, cumic alcohol, 2‐thiophenemethanol, trans,trans‐2,4‐heptadienol and trans‐2‐cis‐6‐nonadienol, at concentrations of up to 300 mM were converted to the corresponding aldehydes within 20 h. Our results demonstrate that PeAAO2 is a versatile and promising biocatalyst for the production of valuable aldehydes.magnified image
Characteristics of flow fields in the gas–liquid mini‐bubble columns with particle image velocimetry measurements
Authors: Li Chen , Ma Yongli , Liu Mingyan , Wang Kaiyue 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a new type of gas–liquid microreactors, the gas–liquid mini‐bubble column has potential applications. However, few studies on the flow fields in the mini‐bubble column can be found at present. In this work, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to visually study the velocity fields, vorticity fields and bubble dynamics in the gas–liquid mini‐bubble columns with column inner diameters of 1–3 mm and mini‐bubble diameters ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 mm. It is found that with the increase of superficial liquid velocity, bubbles rose from almost straight line to Z‐shaped or S‐shaped trajectory, and the bubble trajectory changed from one‐dimension to three‐dimension; when the bubble velocity changed, the bubble size and gas holdup decreased; bubble terminal velocity was controlled by bubble buoyancy and flow resistance, and increased slightly with bubble coalescence. These findings may provide basic reference for the design and scale‐up of such a mini‐bubble column reactor.
Continuous cardiac output measured with a Swan‐Ganz catheter reacts too slowly in animal experiments with sudden circulatory failure
Authors: Magnúsdóttir Sigríður Olga , Simonsen Carsten , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Lund Peter Enemark , Kjærgaard Benedict 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn many animal experiments, it is vital to detect sudden changes in cardiac output (CO). This porcine study compared CO that was measured with a Swan‐Ganz pulmonary catheter with the gold standard (which was a transit‐time flow probe around the pulmonary artery) during interventions that caused hemodynamic instability.MethodsIn one series, 7 pigs were exposed to sudden changes in CO. In another series, 9 pigs experienced more prolonged changes in CO. All the pigs had a Swan‐Ganz catheter placed into the pulmonary artery and a flow probe around the pulmonary artery. Adrenaline infusion and controlled hemorrhage were used to increase and decrease CO, respectively. The measurements of CO before and after each intervention were compared for correlation, agreement, and the time delay that it took each method to detect at least a 30% change in CO. A Bland–Altman test was used to identify correlations and agreements between the methods.ResultsIn the first series, there was a delay of 5–7 min for the Swan Ganz catheter to register a 30% change in cardiac output, compared with the flow probe. However, during prolonged changes in CO in the second series, there was a good correlation between the 2 methods. Mixed venous oxygen saturation reacted faster to changes than did CO; both were measured via the Swan‐Ganz catheter.ConclusionsIn many animal studies, the use of Swan‐Ganz catheters is suitable; however, in experiments with sudden hemodynamic instability, the flow probe is the most advantageous method for measuring CO.
Native Ambient Mass Spectrometry of an Intact Membrane Protein Assembly and Soluble Protein Assemblies Directly from Lens Tissue
Authors: Hale Oliver J. , Cooper Helen J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMembrane proteins constitute around two‐thirds of therapeutic targets but present a significant challenge for structural analysis due to their low abundance and solubility. Existing methods for structural analysis rely on over‐expression and/or purification of the membrane protein, thus removing any links back to actual physiological environment. Here, we demonstrate mass spectrometry analysis of an intact oligomeric membrane protein directly from tissue. Aquaporin‐0 exists as a 113 kDa tetramer, with each subunit featuring six transmembrane helices. We report the characterisation of the intact assembly directly from a section of sheep eye lens without sample pre‐treatment. Protein identity was confirmed by mass measurement of the tetramer and subunits, together with top‐down mass spectrometry, and the spatial distribution was determined by mass spectrometry imaging. Our approach allows simultaneous analysis of soluble protein assemblies in the tissue.
Spatiotemporally Selective Molecular Imaging via Upconversion Luminescence‐Controlled, DNA‐Based Biosensor Technology
Authors: Zhao Jian , Di Zhenghan , Li Lele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDNA‐based biosensor technologies have shown great potential in chemical and biological detection. These biosensors have been actively developed as probes for molecular imaging in live cells and in animals, allowing in situ detection of analytes in complex biological systems, elucidation of the roles of key molecules in biological processes, and the development of non‐invasive diagnosis and image‐guided surgery. Despite the progress made, improving the spatial‐temporal precision remains a challenge in this field. In this Minireview, we describe the concepts behind spatiotemporally selective molecular imaging via the combination of engineered, light‐activatable DNA‐based biosensors and upconversion nanotechnology. We then highlight the application of the approach for the spatiotemporally controlled imaging of various targets in specific intracellular organelles, signal amplification, as well as the regulation of targeting activity to receptor proteins. We finally discuss the challenges and perspectives for possible future developments in this emerging field.
A systematic review of mands for information
Authors: Cengher Mirela , Bowman Matthew D. , Shawler Lesley A. , Ceribo‐Singh Meghan Sonja M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of studies on mands for information. We used a combination of keywords to search for articles through PsycINFO® and then conducted reference and citation searches for all articles that met our inclusion criteria. In total, we identified 32 studies with 35 experiments. The most commonly investigated autoclitic frames were where and who, and the least investigated were why and how. Over half of the studies included an evocative scenario that served as a test condition, but did not include a control condition; however, there was an overall increasing trend toward including both conditions starting in 2007. The authors of the published studies reported that participants received information, which led to other reinforcers. We make recommendations for clinical practice, as well as discuss directions for future research.
Towards a Better Understanding of Toxin Biosynthesis in Seaweeds
Authors: Brassart Pierre‐Louis , Thomas Olivier P. , Courdavault Vincent , Papon Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) represent both ecological and public health hazards in the marine environment. Indeed, some algae can produce metabolites that have negative effects on marine ecosystems and mammals. Kainoid derivatives such as kainic acid (KA) and domoic acid (DA) are considered some of the most toxic metabolites of marine origin biosynthesized by a limited number of micro‐ and macroalgae. While recent works have provided the first insights into the biosynthetic route of KA in red algae and DA in diatoms, the DA biosynthetic pathway has remained uncharacterized for red algae. In a recent work, the research groups of Chekan and Moore have not only elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of DA in the red algaChondria armatabut also shed light on its complex evolution among marine species. We discuss here the importance of pursuing active research in this area to gain insights into secondary biosynthetic pathways in marine organisms for diagnostic and metabolic engineering perspectives.
MCL‐1 interacts with MOF and BID to regulate H4K16 acetylation and homologous recombination repair
Authors: Mattoo Abid R. , Jessup John M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Participation of myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (MCL‐1), an antiapoptotic protein, in DNA repair and homologous recombination (HR) is not well understood. This study tests whether MCL‐1 interacts with Males absent On First (MOF) to regulate H4K16 acetylation that promotes HR repair in response to replication stress induced by Hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. Co‐immunoprecipitation of FLAG‐MCL‐1 from cancer cells treated with HU pulls down a complex of MCL‐1, MOF and BH3‐interacting domain death agonist (BID). The same complex is pulled down in cells treated with HU that express FLAG‐MOF. MCL‐1 regulates H4K16 acetylation during HU‐induced replication stress since knockdown of MCL‐1 decreases H4K16 acetylation while re‐expression of MCL‐1 restores H4K16 acetylation. Furthermore, knockdown of BID rescues the clonogenic survival in MCL‐1 depleted cells in response to replication stress which is associated with decreased Caspase 3/7 activity compared to MCL‐1 depleted cells. Cells depleted in both MCL‐1 and BID display increased HR repair efficiency by direct repeats‐green fluorescent protein assay and in response to HU exhibit increased ATR, Chk1, and RPA phosphorylation relative to MCL‐1 depleted cells. This study uncovers that MCL‐1 cooperates with MOF and regulates HR repair through H4K16 acetylation. Further, this study determines that MCL‐1 and BID cooperate to regulate the crosstalk between HR repair and apoptosis.
Sustained suppression of enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid by antimicrobial‐associated diarrhea in a kidney transplant recipient with Crohn's disease: A case report
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Matsumoto Asami , Tatsuta Ryosuke , Ando Tadasuke , Shin Toshitaka , Mimata Hiromitsu , Itoh Hiroki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMycophenolic acid (MPA) undergoes enterohepatic circulation. A kidney transplant patient on mycophenolate mofetil was treated with tazobactam/piperacillin for pyelonephritis, and developed antimicrobial‐associated diarrhea. Consequently, the MPA trough level decreased by approximately 90%. Furthermore, it took approximately a month for the MPA level to normalize even after diarrhea had resolved.
Carbon Dots for Carbon Dummies: The Quantum and The Molecular Questions Among Some Others
Authors: de Boëver Raphaël , Town Jason R. , Li Xu , Claverie Jerome P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon Dots (CDs) are carbon nanoparticles which were discovered in 2004. Despite two decades of intensive work from the scientific community and a colossal amount of gathered experimental data, no definitive consensus exists to date on several key aspects such as the actual definition of CDs and the origin of their emissive properties. This review proposes a critical evaluation of these fundamental questions. Lay persons will also find here an alternative introduction to the CDs domain, including synthetic strategies, photophysical properties, as well as challenges and outlook of this exciting new area.
A Route to Lipid ALC‐0315: a Key Component of a COVID‐19 mRNA Vaccine
Authors: Saadati Fariba , Cammarone Silvia , Ciufolini Marco A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a synthesis of ALC‐0315 by a sequence that more than doubles the overall yield relative to the published one, and that employs much cleaner reactions, thereby facilitating purifications to a considerable extent
Infrared Spectroscopy Elucidates the Inhibitor Binding Sites in a Metal‐Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Laun Konstantin , Duffus Benjamin R. , Wahlefeld Stefan , Katz Sagie , Belger Dennis , Hildebrandt Peter , Mroginski Maria Andrea , Leimkühler Silke , Zebger Ingo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiological carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is an important step by which organisms form valuable energy‐richer molecules required for further metabolic processes. The Mo‐dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from Rhodobacter capsulatus catalyzes reversible formate oxidation to CO2 at a bis‐molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide (bis‐MGD) cofactor. To elucidate potential substrate binding sites relevant for the mechanism, we studied herein the interaction with the inhibitory molecules azide and cyanate, which are isoelectronic to CO2 and charged as formate. We employed infrared (IR) spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory (DFT) and inhibition kinetics. One distinct inhibitory molecule was found to bind to either a non‐competitive or a competitive binding site in the secondary coordination sphere of the active site. Site‐directed mutagenesis of key amino acid residues in the vicinity of the bis‐MGD cofactor revealed changes in both non‐competitive and competitive binding, whereby the inhibitor is in case of the latter interaction presumably bound between the cofactor and the adjacent Arg587.
Two Rhodium(III) Ions Confined in a [18]Porphyrin Frame: 5,10,15,20‐Tetraaryl‐21,23‐Dirhodaporphyrin
Authors: Vetter Grzegorz , Białońska Agata , Krzyszowska Paulina , Koniarz Sebastian , Pacholska‐Dudziak Ewa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTetraaryl‐21,23‐dirhodaporphyrin and a series of related monorhodaporphyrins have been obtained by tellurium‐to‐rhodium exchange in a reaction of tetraaryl‐21,23‐ditelluraporphyrin with [RhCl(CO)2]2. These organometallic metallaporphyrins contain rhodium(III) centers embedded in rhodacyclopentadiene rings, incorporated within the porphyrin frames. The skeletons of 21,23‐dirhodaporphyrin and 21‐rhoda‐23‐telluraporphyrin are strongly deformed in‐plane from the rectangular shape typical for porphyrins, due to rhodium(III) coordination preferences, the large size of the two core atoms, and the porphyrin skeleton constrains. These two metallaporphyrins exhibit fluxional behavior, as studied by 1H NMR and DFT, involving the in‐plane motion and the switch of the rhodium center(s) between two nitrogen donors. A side product detected in the reaction mixture, 21‐oxa‐23‐rhodaporphyrin, results from tellurium‐to‐oxygen exchange, occurring in parallel to the tellurium‐to‐rhodium exchange. The reaction paths and mechanisms have been analyzed. The title 21,23‐dirhodaporphyrin contains a bridged bimetallic unit, Rh2Cl2, in the center of the macrocycle, with two rhodium(III) ions lying approximately in the plane of the porphyrinoid skeleton. The geometry of the implanted Rh2Cl2 unit is affected by macrocyclic constrains.
Contact allergens in moisturizers in preventative emollient therapy – A systematic review
Authors: Ryczaj Klaudia , Dumycz Karolina , Spiewak Radoslaw , Feleszko Wojciech 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundResults of preventative emollient therapy on atopic dermatitis and food allergy trials are inconsistent. In addition to the ingredients considered beneficial, the moisturizers may contain potentially harmful haptens. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of haptens in moisturizers used in studies to prevent atopic dermatitis or food allergy and assess their correlations to the trial results.MethodsA systematic search of studies investigating the role of emollient usage in preventing atopic dermatitis or food allergy in infants was performed from inception to December 2020. Haptens were identified based on the nine common patch test series (European, American, and Australian).Results12 clinical trial studies were included in the review. In total, 16 different emollients were applied as an intervention. The vast majority (75%) of preparations contained at least one hapten from which several substances pose high allergic or irritant potential. Quantitative data synthesis of the findings regarding food allergy and atopic dermatitis prevention was not possible due to the significant heterogeneity of preparations used.ConclusionsCareful selection of emollient should consider the absence of potentially harmful ingredients, particularly when used in youngest children. Chronic skin exposure to haptens promotes the development of allergic contact dermatitis and moreover, via deterioration of the skin barrier and subclinical inflammation, may facilitate epicutaneous sensitization and promote atopic dermatitis; however further research is needed to validate our suppositions.
Chrysin promotes angiogenesis in rat hindlimb ischemia: Impact on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and autophagy
Authors: Kamel Rehab , El Morsy Engy M. , Elsherbiny Marwa E. , Nour‐Eldin Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLimb ischemia occurs due to obstruction of blood perfusion to lower limbs, a manifestation that is associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Angiogenesis is important for adequate oxygen delivery. The present study investigated a potential role for chrysin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in promoting angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia (HLI) rat model. Rats were allocated into four groups: (1) sham‐operated control, (2) HLI: subjected to unilateral femoral artery ligation, (3) HLI + chrysin: received 100 mg/kg, i.p. chrysin immediately after HLI, and (4) HLI + chrysin + rapamycin: received 6 mg/kg/day rapamycin i.p. for 5 days then subjected to HLI and dosed with 100 mg/kg chrysin, i.p. Rats were killed 18 h later and gastrocnemius muscles were collected and divided into parts for (1) immunohistochemistry detection of CD31 and CD105, (2) qRT‐PCR analysis of eNOS and VEGFR2, (3) colorimetric analysis of NO, (4) ELISA estimation of TGF‐β, VEGF, ATG5 and Beclin‐1, and (5) Western blot analysis of p‐PI3K, PI3K, p‐Akt, Akt, p‐mTOR, mTOR, and HIF‐1α. Chrysin significantly enhanced microvessels growth in HLI muscles as indicated by increased CD31 and CD105 levels and decreased TGF‐β. Chrysin's proangiogenic effect is potentially mediated by increased VEGF, VEGFR2 and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which promoted eNOS and NO levels as it was reversed by the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin. Chrysin also inhibited autophagy as it decreased ATG5 and Beclin‐1. The current study shows that chrysin possesses a proangiogenic effect in HLI rats and might be useful in patients with PAD.
Size reduction of gastric fundic gland polyposis by de‐escalation of acid‐suppressive therapy
Authors: Kanamori Akira , Tominaga Keiichi , Masuyama Hironori , Ishikawa Mutsumi , Masuyama Satoshi , Kondo Masayuki , Kanazawa Mimari , Tanaka Takanao , Yamaura Masamichi , Abe Keiichiro , Watanabe Shoko , Yamamiya Akira , Abe Yoko , Goda Kenichi , Irisawa Atsushi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe patient, a 73‐year‐old woman, had been taking acid‐suppressive therapy for refractory reflux esophagitis for 10 years. A potassium‐competitive acid blocker was administered to strengthen acid‐suppressive therapy for worsening symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an increase in the number and size of fundic gland polyposis (FGPs). When acid‐suppressive therapy was changed from potassium‐competitive acid blocker to proton pump inhibitor, the FGPs showed reduced size 1 year later. Furthermore, when acid‐suppressive therapy was changed from proton pump inhibitor to histamine‐2 receptor antagonist, FGPs were even smaller after 1 and 2 years. The patient, who had no flare‐up of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, continues to be treated medically with histamine‐2 receptor antagonist. This case report describes changes in endoscopic findings of a patient with FGPs caused by acid‐suppressive therapy for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Unusual Regioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem C−H Arylation and C−H Amidation of cis‐Cinnamyl Hydroxamates: Facile Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐2‐quinolones
Authors: Ghosh Subhankar , Chattopadhyay Shital K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTandem C−H‐arylation and C−H‐amidation of cis‐cinnamyl hydroxamatesusing a single metal catalyst (and air as oxidant) leads to the formation of 3‐aryl‐2‐quinolone ring system in a regioselective manner. The corresponding trans‐isomer under identical conditions gives rise to 4‐aryl‐2‐quinolone derivative.The complementary regioselectivity observed during tandem C−H‐arylation C−H‐amidation of isomeric substrates is unusual and of potential application.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Rearrangement of 4‐Alkenyl‐isoxazol‐5‐ones to Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Molteni Letizia , Loro Camilla , Christodoulou Michael S. , Papis Marta , Foschi Francesca , Beccalli Egle M. , Broggini Gianluigi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEasily accessible isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones are useful precursors of heterocycles. In this context, we report the ruthenium‐catalyzed transformation of 4‐alkenyl‐substituted isoxazol‐5‐ones to afford 1H‐pyrrole derivatives. The operative conditions were proven to be effective also on cyclohexane‐fused isoxazolones giving 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindoles. The reactions, which allow for access to tri‐and tetra‐substituted pyrroles in moderate to high yields, occur through decarboxylative ring‐opening/ring‐closure involving C−H functionalization of the alkenyl moiety.
Base‐Promoted Reaction of Phenols with Spirocylic λ3‐Iodanes: Access to Both 2‐Iodovinyl Aryl Ethers and Diaryl Ethers
Authors: He Shun‐Dong , Guo Xiao‐Qiang , Li Jun , Zhang Yu‐Cheng , Chen Lian‐Mei , Kang Tai‐Ran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, an efficient method for vinyl or aryl C(sp2)−O bond forming to construct both the (Z)‐2‐iodovinyl aryl ethers and diaryl ethers under metal‐, photocatalyst‐ and light‐free condition in one‐step, has been developed. To generate the two desired products, we proposed a SNAr2 reaction of phenol with vinyl aryl iodonium salts intermediates that subsequently lead to the phenyl‐I bond cleavage and phenyl‐O bond formation. We firstly found that the vinyl aryl iodonium salts was formed in situ from the spiro‐cis‐β‐phenol‐VBXs, which was generated between electrophilic spiro‐EBXs and nucleophilic arylols. Trisubstituted alkenes and functionalized diaryl ethers can be afforded from the two desired products.