bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of polerovirus‐associatedRNAsin the virome of wild and cultivated carrots
Authors: Schönegger Deborah , Babalola Bisola Mercy , Marais Armelle , Faure Chantal , Candresse Thierry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe self‐replicating polerovirus‐associated RNAs have recently been classified as tombusvirus‐like associated RNAs (tlaRNAs). In a metagenomic comparison of the virome of wild (Daucus carotasubsp.carota) and cultivated (D.carotasubsp.sativus) carrots, four tlaRNAs were identified: carrot red leaf virus‐associated RNA (CtRLVaRNA), beet western yellows virus‐associated RNA (BWYVaRNA), and two other tlaRNAs detected for the first time in carrots, arracacha latent virus E‐associated RNA (ALVEaRNA) and a new tlaRNA tentatively named carrot red leaf virus‐associated RNA 2 (CtRLVaRNA‐2). Their genomic sequences show a typical tlaRNA genome organization with a very short 5′ untranslated region (UTR), a long 3′ UTR and consecutive open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1a and ORF1b, separated by an amber stop codon, leading to the production of an ORF1a/ORF1b RdRp fusion protein. The genetic diversity and prevalence of these various agents were analysed in carrot populations in France and Spain. CtRLVaRNA was the most frequently detected in both wild and cultivated carrot populations and was genetically more heterogeneous than ALVEaRNA and CtRLVaRNA‐2. ALVEaRNA was detected both in France and Spain and showed preferential association with cultivated carrots. In contrast, CtRLVaRNA‐2 was only detected from one region of France and was preferentially associated with wild carrot populations. Analysis of the virome of individual plants showed the presence of CtRLV but not that of the expected helper virus for ALVEaRNA and BWYVaRNA, suggesting a degree of flexibility in their associations with helper viruses, which in turn may have biological and epidemiological consequences.
Role of phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase and anthocyanidin synthase enzymes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in developing Solanum melongena L. genotypes
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Chawla Neena , Dhatt Ajmer Singh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolanum melongena is a widely consumed vegetable crop comprising health‐benefiting phenolic compounds. It has a complex network of biosynthetic enzymes involved in synthesizing nutraceuticals, including anthocyanins. The present study was conducted to investigate the activities of key enzymes involved in biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in developing genotypes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). As inadequate information is available in this context, fruit and leaf tissues were analyzed for enzyme activities and anthocyanin accumulation. The study included characterization of extracted anthocyanin followed by expression studies for gateway enzyme (ANS) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Delphinidin was a major anthocyanidin present in fruit tissues (1.46–110.49 mg/100 g) of S. melongena. Anthocyanin accumulation is backed up by the correlation between biochemical analysis and expression studies. The study has shown variation for PAL, TAL and ANS enzymes in different tissues at developmental stages. Enzyme activities had a strong positive correlation with anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Foliar‐applied manganese and phosphorus in deficient barley: Linking absorption pathways and leaf nutrient status
Authors: Arsic Maja , Persson Daniel P. , Schjoerring Jan K. , Thygesen Lisbeth G. , Lombi Enzo , Doolette Casey L. , Husted Søren 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFoliar fertilization delivers essential nutrients directly to plant tissues, reducing excessive soil fertilizer applications that can lead to eutrophication following nutrient leaching. Foliar nutrient absorption is a dynamic process affected by leaf surface structure and composition, plant nutrient status, and ion physicochemical properties. We applied multiple methods to study the foliar absorption behaviors of manganese (Mn) and phosphorus (P) in nutrient‐deficient spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) at two growth stages. Nutrient‐specific chlorophyll a fluorescence assays were used to visualize leaf nutrient status, while laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) was used to visualize foliar absorption pathways for P and Mn ions. Rapid Mn absorption was facilitated by a relatively thin cuticle with a low abundance of waxes and a higher stomatal density in Mn‐deficient plants. Following absorption, Mn accumulated in epidermal cells and in the photosynthetically active mesophyll, enabling a fast (6 h) restoration of Mn‐dependent photosynthetic processes. Conversely, P‐deficient plants developed thicker cuticles and epidermal cell walls, which reduced the penetration of P across the leaf surface. Foliar‐applied P accumulated in trichomes and fiber cells above leaf veins without reaching the mesophyll and, as a consequence, no restoration of P‐dependent photosynthetic processes was observed. This study reveals new links between leaf surface morphology, foliar‐applied ion absorption pathways, and the restoration of affected physiological processes in nutrient‐deficient leaves. Understanding that ions may have different absorption pathways across the leaf surface is critical for the future development of efficient fertilization strategies for crops in nutrient‐limited soils.
Oral health status and dental care for individuals with visual impairment. A narrative review
Authors: Blanco López Miguel Angel , Diniz Freitas Márcio , Limeres Posse Jacobo , Hernández‐Vallejo Gonzalo , López‐Pintor Rosa María 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVisual impairment is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Oral health care in this group of patients is not always adequate. This is due to the low awareness of the importance of oral health in this population group and the fact that these patients prioritize their general health over oral health. Therefore, caries and periodontal disease are frequent in this population group. Especially, periodontal status is worse in patients with acquired visual impairment compared to patients with congenital visual impairment. On the other hand, the proportion of treated caries in this group is very low. This may be due to the poorer access of this population to dental care, which is limited by physical, social, and information barriers. Dental phobia and the lack of dental professionals capable of treating this population group have been identified as one of the most important factors. Therefore, establishing oral hygiene routines that are adapted to individuals’ skills and needs is essential to achieve good oral health and improve patient's quality of life. This narrative review also updates those dental treatment considerations, depending on each dental specialty, that can help improve patient satisfaction when they come to the dental office.
The relationship between the level of trust in nurses and nursing care quality perceptions of patients treated for Covid‐19
Authors: Çoşkun Palaz Simge , Kayacan Semra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the pandemic process, nursing care has gained more importance. So, it is critical to evaluate the level of trust in nurses and the perception of care in terms of the patient, in order to improve the care service provided, to achieve the desired successful patient results, to ensure patient satisfaction in nursing care and to create a healthy society in the long term.AimThis study aimed to examine the relationship between the level of trust in nurses, care perceptions of patients receiving care with the diagnosis of Covid‐19, and the level of trust in nurses and care quality perceptions of patients.MethodsThis descriptive, cross‐sectional, correlational study was conducted in the Covid‐19 unit of a state hospital in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey between May and October 2021. The sample size was calculated as 227 using the sample calculation formula whose population is unknown in the literature. ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Trust in Nurses Scale’ and ‘Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN)’ was used to collect data. Ethical approval was obtained from the clinical research ethics committee,ResultsThe total mean score of the patients' trust in nurses scale was 27.67 ± 3.29 (min: 15, max: 30); the mean score of the patients' Perception of Nursing Care scale was determined as 69.52 ± 12.51 (min:15, max:75). It has been determined that the level of trust in nurses and the perception of nursing care of patients receiving Covid‐19 treatment are high. A positive, significant and weak relationship (r = 0.348, p < 0.01) was found between the patients' level of trust in nurses and their perceptions of nursing care.ConclusionDuring the pandemic process, trust in the patient–nurse relationship increases the patient's perception of nursing care and positively affects the quality of care.
Solid organ transplantation from COVID positive donors in the United States: Analysis of United Network for Organ Sharing database
Authors: Dhand Abhay , Okumura Kenji , Nabors Christopher , Nishida Seigo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSignificant uncertainties remain regarding the utilization of organs for solid organ transplantation (SOT) from donors with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The aim of this study was to assess the trends in utilization of organs from donors with COVID‐19 and their short‐term outcomes.MethodsDeceased donors between March 2020 and December 2021 with a positive COVID nucleic acid test from respiratory tract within 14 days of transplantation were analyzed using the de‐identified United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. Donor and recipient characteristics of COVID‐19 positive (COVID+) organs were compared to COVID‐19 negative (COVID−) organs during this period. We analyzed the trends in the utilization of SOT from COVID+ donors across the United States, donor characteristics, and the quality of donor organ and recipient outcomes (length of hospitalization, rates of organ rejection, delayed graft function, 30‐day graft/patient survival).ResultsDuring the study period, 193 COVID+ donors led to the transplantation of 281‐kidneys, 106‐livers, and 36‐hearts in 414 adult recipients. COVID+ patients donated a median of two organs. These donors were younger and had a lower median Kidney Donor Profile Index (0.37 vs. 0.50, p < .001), lower median serum creatinine (0.8 vs. 1.0 mg/dl, p = .003), similar median serum total bilirubin (0.6 mg/dl, p = .46), and similar left ventricular ejection fraction (60%, p = .84) when compared to COVID− donors. Short‐term outcomes, including 30‐day graft/patient survival, were similar in both groups.ConclusionsAnalysis of short‐term outcomes from the UNOS database indicates that a positive COVID test in an otherwise medically suitable donor should not preclude consideration of non‐lung solid organ transplantation.
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Pneumococcal vaccination coverage and willingness in mainland China
Authors: Shao Weihao , Chen Xiaorui , Zheng Caifang , Wang Gaili , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Weidong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the coverage and willingness of pneumococcal vaccination and further explore the influencing factors of vaccination willingness among people in mainland China.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted independently by two researchers in English‐ and Chinese‐language databases from database inception to 6 October 2021. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to derive summary vaccination coverage and willingness. Predefined subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 97 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The summary vaccination coverage in 76 included studies was 21.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.2%–26.5%). Subgroup analysis shows that the summary coverage was 29.0% (95% CI, 20.4%–39.1%) among the permanent residents and 20.7% (95% CI, 12.4%–35.9%) among the floating residents. The eastern and central regions presented higher coverage than the western region. Notable differences were observed between the various study populations. A total of 27 studies provided an estimation of vaccination willingness, with a summary willingness of 51.2% (95% CI, 40.4%–61.9%). In subgroup analysis, the summary willingness was 57.9% (95% CI, 48.3%–67.2%) in urban areas and 52.3% (95% CI, 40.8%–63.8%) in rural areas. Parents with children and people with a history of pneumonia were more willing to be vaccinated than the elderly. Recommendations by family members and physicians, previous pneumococcal and influenza vaccination, perceived vaccination effectiveness and severity of disease and a history of pneumonia contributed to vaccination willingness.ConclusionsCompared to global estimates and other countries, pneumococcal vaccination coverage and willingness are at a lower level in mainland China. Recommendations for vaccination by family members and doctors, a history of vaccination and the perception of pneumonia and vaccination are associated with greater willingness to be vaccinated.
Assessing phenovariant species pairs of moray eels: Hybridization, introgression, and morphology
Authors: Huang Wen‐Chien , Chen Hong‐Ming , Tseng Yung‐Che , Liao Te‐Yu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhenovariant is a pair of populations or species with distinct phenotypes but little to no genetic divergence, which may have resulted from strong assortative mating, hybridization, or incomplete lineage sorting that changes in the phenotype have exceeded the genotype. Previous studies had mainly tackled this issue on small, colourful reef fishes, but little effort has been made to the barely seen and solitary taxa like the morays (family Muraenidae). In the present study, three species pairs of sympatric morays from Taiwanese waters revealed as phenovariant in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were examined from the molecular and morphological perspectives, with three dissimilar scenarios discovered: (1) no hybridization was found between the morphologically most distinct Gymnothorax intesi and Gymnothorax neglectus; (2) Gymnothorax kidako bidirectionally hybridized with Gymnothorax prionodon instead of its closely related species Gymnothorax pseudokidako; and (3) frequently bidirectional hybridization and introgression were detected between Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus and Gymnothorax reevesii, a species pair that overlapped in all the morphometric and meristic characters. Nevertheless, the principal component analysis indicated that each species pair has evolved significant morphological divergence, further supporting their taxonomic validities. Our results document the natural hybridization of marine eel taxa for the first time and reveal a diverse evolutionary process among the morays.
Improving adherence to guidelines for spine pain care: what tools could support primary care clinicians in conforming to guidelines?
Authors: Fifer Sheila Kean , Choundry Niteesh K , Brod Meryl , Hsu Eugene , Milstein Arnold 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundSpine pain is one of the most common conditions seen in primary care and is often treated with ineffective, aggressive interventions, such as prescription pain medications, imagery and referrals to surgery. Aggressive treatments are associated with negative side effects and high costs while conservative care has lower risks and costs and equivalent or better outcomes. Despite multiple well-publicised treatment guidelines and educational efforts recommending conservative care, primary care clinicians (PCCs) widely continue to prescribe aggressive, low-value care for spine pain.MethodsIn this qualitative study semistructured interviews were conducted with PCCs treating spine pain patients to learn what prevents clinicians from following guidelines and what tools or support could promote conservative care. Interviews were conducted by telephone, transcribed and coded for thematic analysis.ResultsForty PCCs in academic and private practice were interviewed. Key reflections included that while familiar with guidelines recommending conservative treatment, they did not find guidelines useful or relevant to care decisions for individual patients. They believed that there is an insufficient body of real-world evidence supporting positive outcomes for conservative care and guidance recommendations. They indicated that spine pain patients frequently request aggressive care. These requests, combined with the PCCs’ commitment to reaching shared treatment decisions with patients, formed a key reason for pursuing aggressive care. PCCs reported not being familiar with risk-screening tools for spine patients but indicated that such screens might increase their confidence to recommend conservative care to low-risk patients.ConclusionsPCCs may be more willing to give conservative, guideline-consistent care for spine pain if they had tools to assist in making patient-specific evaluations and in countering requests for unneeded aggressive care. Such tools would include both patient risk screens and shared decision-making aids that include elements for resolving patient demands for inappropriate care.
COPD disease knowledge, self-awareness and reasons for hospital presentations among a predominately Indigenous Australian cohort: a study to explore preventable hospitalisation
Authors: Pal Arijeet , Howarth Timothy P , Rissel Chris , Messenger Raelene , Issac Siji , Ford Linda , Connors Christine , Heraganahally Subash 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is higher among Indigenous Australians than that of non-Indigenous Australians. However, no studies have investigated COPD disease awareness and knowledge among Indigenous Australians. In this study, we assessed the COPD disease awareness among Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients in the Top End Health Service region of the Northern Territory of Australia.MethodsOf a total convenience sample of 100 adults, 86 patients consented to participate in this study over a 15-month period. A structured interview was conducted to identify participant’s level of knowledge about COPD, medications, self-management, healthcare interaction and utilisations.ResultsMost (69%) participants were Indigenous and men (52%). Indigenous patients were significantly younger (mean 56 vs 68 years p<0.001), with a higher proportion of remote residence and current smoking. COPD knowledge across the cohort was low, with 68% of Indigenous and 19% of non-Indigenous participants reporting they ‘know nothing/had never heard of COPD’. Most patients self-reported use of puffers/inhalers and were able to identify medication used; however, adherence to therapy was observed in only 18%. Shortness of breath was the most common symptom for hospital presentation (83%) and 69% of Indigenous patients reported seeking medical attention during an exacerbation. Self-management and COPD action plans were poorly implemented. A significant proportion (49%) reported ≥2 hospital admissions in the preceding 12 months. During exacerbation, although the majority of Indigenous patients were transferred to a tertiary centre from remote communities, patient’s preference was to be managed in their respective local communities.ConclusionsAwareness and understanding of COPD are low in this cohort on several domains. Tailored and culturally appropriate initiatives for both patients and health professionals alike are required to improve COPD disease management among Indigenous population. This will not only improve quality of life but also reduce recurrent hospitalisation, healthcare cost and utilisation.
Performance of early warning and risk stratification scores versus clinical judgement in the acute setting: a systematic review
Authors: Veldhuis Lars Ingmar , Ridderikhof Milan L , Bergsma Lyfke , Van Etten-Jamaludin Faridi , Nanayakkara Prabath WB , Hollmann Markus 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveRisk stratification is increasingly based on Early Warning Score (EWS)-based models, instead of clinical judgement. However, it is unknown how risk-stratification models and EWS perform as compared with the clinical judgement of treating acute healthcare providers. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of all available literature evaluating clinical judgement of healthcare providers to the use of risk-stratification models in predicting patients’ clinical outcome.MethodsStudies comparing clinical judgement and risk-stratification models in predicting outcomes in adult patients presenting at the ED were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes included the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission; severe adverse events; clinical deterioration and mortality. Risk of bias among the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool.ResultsSix studies (6419 participants) were included of which 4 studies were judged to be at high risk of bias. Only descriptive analysis was performed as a meta-analysis was not possible due to few included studies and high clinical heterogeneity. The performance of clinical judgement and risk-stratification models were both moderate in predicting mortality, deterioration and need for ICU admission with area under the curves between 0.70 and 0.89. The performance of clinical judgement did not significantly differ from risk-stratification models in predicting mortality (n=2 studies) or deterioration (n=1 study). However, clinical judgement of healthcare providers was significantly better in predicting the need for ICU admission (n=2) and severe adverse events (n=1 study) as compared with risk-stratification models.ConclusionBased on limited existing data, clinical judgement has greater accuracy in predicting the need for ICU admission and the occurrence of severe adverse events compared with risk-stratification models in ED patients. However, performance is similar in predicting mortality and deterioration.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020218893.
Cerebrospinal fluid β-synuclein as a synaptic biomarker for preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Barba Lorenzo , Abu Rumeileh Samir , Bellomo Giovanni , Paolini Paoletti Federico , Halbgebauer Steffen , Oeckl Patrick , Steinacker Petra , Massa Federico , Gaetani Lorenzo , Parnetti Lucilla , Otto Markus 
Published: August 2022

Introductionβ-synuclein (β-syn) is a presynaptic protein, whose cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels are increased in patients with Alzheimer’s diseases (AD) showing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (dem). Here, we aimed to investigate CSF β-syn in subjects at different AD stages, including preclinical AD (pre-AD), and to compare its behaviour with another synaptic biomarker, α-synuclein (α-syn), and two biomarkers of neuro-axonal damage, namely neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) and total tau protein (t-tau).MethodsWe measured β-syn, α-syn, t-tau and NfL in CSF of 75 patients with AD (pre-AD n=17, MCI-AD n=28, dem-AD n=30) and 35 controls (subjective memory complaints, SMC-Ctrl n=13, non-degenerative neurological disorders, Dis-Ctrl n=22).ResultsCSF β-syn, α-syn, t-tau were significantly elevated in pre-AD patients compared with controls (p<0.0001, p=0.02 and p=0.0001, respectively), while NfL only increased in dem-AD (p=0.001). Pre-AD cases showed lower t-tau concentrations than MCI-AD (p=0.04) and dem-AD (p=0.01). CSF β-syn had the best diagnostic performance for the discrimination of pre-AD subjects from all controls (area under the curve, AUC=0.97) and from SMC-Ctrl subjects (AUC=0.99).DiscussionCSF β-syn increases in the whole AD continuum since the preclinical stage and represents a promising biomarker of synaptic damage in AD.