bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nomogram of Combining IVIM‐DWI and MRI Radiomics From the Primary Lesion of Rectal Adenocarcinoma to Assess Nonenlarged Lymph Node Metastasis Preoperatively
Authors: Jia Haodong , Jiang Xueyan , Zhang Kaiyue , Shang Jin , Zhang Yu , Fang Xin , Gao Fei , Li Naiyu , Dong Jiangning 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundLymph node (LN) staging plays an important role in treatment decision‐making. Current problem is that preoperative detection of LN involvement is always highly challenging for radiologists.PurposeTo explore the value of the nomogram model combining intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging (IVIM‐DWI) and radiomics features from the primary lesion of rectal adenocarcinoma in assessing the non‐enlarged lymph node metastasis (N‐LNM) preoperatively.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 126 patients (43% female) comprising a training group (n = 87) and a validation group (n = 39) with pathologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 Tesla (T); T2−weighted imaging (T2WI) with fast spin‐echo (FSE) sequence; IVIM‐DWI spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence.AssessmentBased on pathological analysis of the surgical specimen, patients were classified into negative LN (LN−) and positive LN (LN+) groups. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*) and microvascular volume fraction (f) values of primary lesion of rectal adenocarcinoma were measured. Three‐dimensional (3D) radiomics features were measured on T2WI and IVIM‐DWI. A nomogram model including IVIM‐DWI and radiomics features was developed.Statistical TestsGeneral_univariate_analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used for radiomics features selection. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe LN+ group had a significantly lower D* value ([13.20 ± 13.66 vs. 23.25 ± 18.71] × 10−3 mm2/sec) and a higher f value (0.43 ± 0.12 vs. 0.34 ± 0.10) than the LN− group in the training cohort. The nomogram model combined D*, f, and radiomics features had a better evaluated performance (AUC = 0.864) than any other model in the training cohort.Date ConclusionThe nomogram model including IVIM‐DWI and MRI radiomics features in the primary lesion of rectal adenocarcinoma was associated with the N‐LNM.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated With Increased Brain Iron and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study
Authors: Li Jing , Nguyen Thanh D. , Zhang Qihao , Guo Lingfei , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) have been recognized to play an important role in cognitive impairment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients. However, the mechanism of this effect is still unclear.PurposeComparing the susceptibility values in the selected subcortical gray matter structures of CSVD patients without CMBs (CSVD‐N) and with CMBs (CSVD‐C) as well as healthy controls (HCs).Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSixty‐nine CSVD patients and 28 HCs were included; 24 CSVD patients (34.78%) had CMBs and 45 CSVD patients (65.22%) had no CMBs.Field Strength/SequenceAll subjects were imaged on a 3.0 T MR scanner. The protocol consisted of a three‐dimensional (3D) T1‐weighted sequence and a 3D multi‐echo gradient echo (mGRE) sequence. Brain QSM maps were computed from mGRE data using the morphology‐enabled dipole inversion with automatic uniform cerebrospinal fluid zero reference algorithm (MEDI+0).AssessmentThe mean susceptibility value within each region of interest was recorded. All participants underwent the cognitive assessment. Brain iron deposition burden of CMB lesions of every CSVD‐C patient was computed.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey's honest significance test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used with significance level of 0.05. Stepwise multivariate linear analysis was used to explore the factors influencing cognitive scores.ResultsMontreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), trail‐making test (TMT)‐A and TMT‐B scores in the three groups were significantly different (all P < 0.05). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the factors influenced MoCA scores were having CMBs (P < 0.05), white matter hyperintensities (P < 0.05), lacunes (P < 0.05) in brain, and the brain iron deposition burden of CMB lesions (P < 0.05) and for TMT scores (TMT‐A + TMT‐B), the influencing factors were age (P < 0.05), education years (P < 0.05), and the brain iron deposition burden of CMB lesions (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionThe higher iron deposition burden of CMB lesions in brain may be an imaging quantitative marker of cognitive decline in patients with CSVD‐C.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Deciphering excess healthcare burden in head and neck cancer patients with cardiovascular comorbidity
Authors: Attia Abdallah S. , Hussein Mohammad , Youssef Mohanad R. , Omar Mahmoud , Elnahla Ahmed , Farhoud Ashraf , Zora Ghassan , Reisner Adin S. C. , McClure Brian , Cox Katherine S. , Toraih Eman , Randolph Gregory W. , Kandil Emad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the perioperative surgical outcomes for head and neck cancer patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was performed using data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database between 2010 and 2014. Logistic regression analysis by enter and backward stepwise methods were used.ResultsA total of 8346 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients with concomitant CVD had a higher frequency of complications (57.6%) compared with those without (47.4%) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–1.48, p < 0.001). Patients with CVD comorbidities were prone to experience in‐patient mortality at both admission (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.42–4.05) and readmission (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.10–5.87). CVD patients have prolonged hospital admission (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02–1.27, p = 0.020) and higher cost (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15–1.43, p < 0.001). Patients with congestive heart failure were prone to 30 days readmission (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.10–2.53, p = 0.019) and 90 days (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.14–2.39, p = 0.010).ConclusionThis is the first study identifying factors predicting higher risk of perioperative complications of surgical management of head and neck cancer. Those with CVD had higher risk of adverse events.
A high‐order weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme based on exponential polynomials for nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Abedian Rooholah , Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this research the numerical solution of nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations is investigated by a new sixth‐order finite difference weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) based on exponential polynomials. In smooth regions, the new scheme, named as EPWENO6, can achieve the maximal approximation order while in critical points it does not lose its accuracy. In order to better approximation near steep gradients without spurious oscillations, the EPWENO6 scheme is designed by the exponential polynomials that are incorporated into the WENO reconstruction. In design of nonlinear weights that play a very important role in WENO reconstructions, a global smoothness indicator using generalized undivided differences is introduced. To analyze the convergence order of the EPWENO6 method in full detail, the Lagrange‐type exponential functions have been used. By comparing the EPWENO6 scheme and other existing WENO schemes for solving degenerate parabolic equations, it can be seen that the new scheme offers better results while its computational cost is less. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a number of numerical experiments are considered.
Associations of insomnia symptoms with sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors in persons with HF: Health and retirement study
Authors: Gharzeddine Rida , McCarthy Margaret M. , Yu Gary , Dickson Victoria V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInsomnia symptoms are very common in persons with heart failure (HF). However, many of the correlates and predictors of insomnia symptoms in this population remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations of sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors with insomnia symptoms in persons with HF. A theoretical framework was adapted from the neurocognitive model of chronic insomnia to guide the study. Data from the health and retirement study were used for the analysis. Parametric and nonparametric bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate these associations. Age, depressive symptoms, comorbidity, dyspnea, pain, and smoking had significant bivariate associations with all insomnia symptoms. Race, Hispanic ethnicity, marital status, household income, poverty, and physical activity were associated with difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) and early morning awakening (EMA). Female sex, education, and alcohol consumption had a significant bivariate association with DIS. Sleep‐disordered breathing and body mass index were significantly associated with EMA. Multivariate analysis suggested that depressive symptoms, comorbidity, dyspnea, and pain had independent associations with each insomnia symptom. Age explained DIS and difficulty maintaining sleep, and significant interaction effects between age and physical activity on DIS and EMA were revealed. Results suggest that insomnia symptoms are associated with several sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Age below 70 years, depressive symptoms, comorbidity, dyspnea, and pain might be considered as a phenotype to identify persons with HF who are at increased risk for insomnia symptoms.
Serum microRNA panels predict bariatric surgery outcomes
Authors: Yeh Jih‐Kai , Chen Chia‐Chun , Liu Keng‐Hau , Peng Chen‐Ching , Lin Tien‐An , Chang Yu‐Sun , Wen Ming‐Shien , Yeh Ta‐Sen , Wang Chao‐Yung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe weight losses after bariatric surgery are modulated by multiple factors in people with obesity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to show significant regulatory roles in adipose tissue. However, a serum miRNA signature to serve as a biomarker of sustained weight losses following bariatric surgery has not yet been established.MethodsMiRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the serum of patients with an effective response after bariatric surgery compared with those without. Excess weight loss > 55% at 6 months after surgery was defined as an effective response.ResultsThree miRNAs were shown to have a significantly differential expression between patients with or without an effective response following bariatric surgery. The miR‐31‐5p was downregulated, whereas miR‐328‐3p and miR‐181a‐5p were upregulated in the patients with effective responses compared with those without effective responses. Panels of the serum ratios of miR‐328‐3p/miR‐31‐5p or miR‐181a‐5p/miR‐31‐5p and individual BMI value exhibited good performance in preoperative prediction of treatment effectiveness. Bioinformatic analysis depicted that predicted targets of these miRNAs were involved in the regulation of the AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway.ConclusionsA circulating miRNA signature with clinical variables (BMI) can be a clinical biomarker to predict effectiveness following bariatric surgery.
Circulating levels of urocortin neuropeptides are impaired in children with overweight
Authors: Kavalakatt Sina , Khadir Abdelkrim , Madhu Dhanya , Devarajan Sriraman , Warsame Samia , AlKandari Hessa , AlMahdi Maria , Koistinen Heikki A. , Al‐Mulla Fahd , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Abubaker Jehad , Tiss Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe corticotropin‐releasing factor neuropeptides (corticotropin‐releasing hormone [CRH] and urocortin [UCN]‐1,2,3) and spexin contribute to the regulation of energy balance and inhibit food intake in mammals. However, the status of these neuropeptides in children with overweight has yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the effect of increased body weight on the circulating levels of these neuropeptides.MethodsA total of 120 children with a mean age of 12 years were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected to assess the circulating levels of neuropeptides and were correlated with various anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic markers.ResultsPlasma levels of UCNs were altered in children with overweight but less so in those with obesity. Furthermore, the expression pattern of UCN1 was opposite to that of UCN2 and UCN3, which suggests a compensatory effect. However, no significant effect of overweight and obesity was observed on CRH and spexin levels. Finally, UCN3 independently associated with circulating zinc‐alpha‐2‐glycoprotein and UCN2 levels, whereas UCN1 was strongly predicted by TNFα levels.ConclusionsSignificant changes in neuropeptide levels were primarily observed in children with overweight and were attenuated with increased obesity. This suggests the presence of a compensatory mechanism for neuropeptides to curb the progression of obesity.
Laser Ignition of Ammonium Perchlorate/Aluminum Composition Confined into PMMA Capsule
Authors: Tsipilev Vladimir , Forat Egor , Medvedev Valerii , Yakovlev Aleksey , Vavilov Vladimir , Shiryaev Vladimir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA two‐component composition of ammonium perchlorate and nanosized aluminum powder can be ignited by millisecond Nd laser radiation. However, the mixture exposed to laser radiation pulse through polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) capsule demonstrates less sensitivity when compared to ignition of the uncovered sample. Such behavior is uncommon to gasified energetic materials. It is shown that the sensitivity of uncovered samples does not change if the surrounding atmosphere is changed from air to argon. It was found that the cover of PMMA decreases the sensitivity of the mixture due to heat dissipation from the ignition zone, thereby reducing its reactivity.
A novel DPP‐4 inhibitor Gramcyclin A attenuates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic mice via enhancing brain GLP‐1‐dependent glucose uptake
Authors: Li Zongyang , Zhang Yuan , Meng Xiangbao , Li Min , Cao Weiwei , Yang Junshan , Xu Xudong , Liu Wenlan , Li Weiping , Cai Qian , Wang Sicen , Ma Guoxu , Liu Zhiheng , Huang Guodong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnhancing glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) signaling with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐4) inhibitor might exert protective effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that intragastric administration of Gramcyclin A (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), a novel DPP‐4 inhibitor, for 3 months significantly reversed cognitive decline in APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic mice in a dose‐dependent manner. Gramcyclin A treatment markedly reduced Aβ plaques as well as the insoluble and soluble forms of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Treatment with Gramcyclin A remarkedly decreased the level of microglia and suppressed neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Moreover, Gramcyclin A treatment could increase brain glucose uptake in APP/PS1/tau mice, as detected by 18‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) micro‐positron emission tomography (micro‐PET) imaging. Furthermore, Gramcyclin A significantly increased expression of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), GLP‐1R, proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)‐1α and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and inhibited insulin receptor (IRS)‐1 phosphorylation and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of APP/PS1/tau mice. Collectively, Gramcyclin A conferred protective effects against AD via enhancing brain GLP‐1‐dependent glucose uptake. The DPP‐4 inhibitor Gramcyclin A might be a potential therapeutic drug for AD.
Protective effect of vanillic acid against diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by attenuating oxidative stress and upregulation of NF‐κB, TNF‐α and COX‐2 proteins in rats
Authors: Singh Brahmjot , Kumar Ajay , Singh Hasandeep , Kaur Sarabjit , Arora Saroj , Singh Balbir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiabetes is the most prevalent disorder in the world characterized by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels and nephropathy is one of the chief complications allied with hyperglycemia. Vanillic acid; the main bioactive compound derived from natural sources such as vegetables, fruits and plants possesses various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative. The current study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of vanillic acid by its various pharmacological activities. Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg)/nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Oral administration of vanillic acid once daily for 6 weeks (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the hyperglycemia, increased liver enzymes and normalized lipid profile that was altered in diabetic rats. Moreover, vanillic acid attenuated the impaired renal function as evidenced by a reduction in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and urinary microproteinuria levels with a concomitant increase in urinary creatinine clearance in the nephropathic rats. Diabetic rats showed a marked increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and superoxide anion generation (SAG) along with decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) in the renal tissue which was ameliorated in the vanillic acid‐treated rats. Histopathologically, vanillic acid treatment was associated with reduced damage with normalized structural changes in renal tissue. Furthermore, treatment groups showed the suppression of upregulation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, cyclo‐oxygenase (COX)‐2 and up‐regulation of Nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) in the renal tissue. In conclusion, vanillic acid's ameliorative impact on diabetic nephropathic rats may be attributed to its powerful free radical scavenging property, down‐regulation of NF‐κB, TNF‐α, COX‐2 and up‐regulation of Nrf‐2 proteins in renal tissue.
Output regulation for switched singular systems based on a reduced‐order error feedback controller
Authors: Sun Yuchen , Ma Shuping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the output regulation problem for switched singular systems based on an error feedback controller, where the system is influenced by a switched external system. Through the state coordinate transformation, the issue is transformed into the asymptotic stability problem of switched singular systems with autonomous subsystems. By introducing slack variables, solvable conditions including regulator equations and matrix inequalities are developed under average dwell time switching. It is worth mentioning that the solutions of the regulator equations are represented under some basic assumptions. Based on that and by utilizing the Finsler's lemma, less‐conservative linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions for the existence of the reduced‐order controllers are obtained and the controller design methods are proposed. Finally, two examples are provided to test the correctness of the approaches we propose.
Origin of the Additive‐Induced VOC Change in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Feng Chuang , Liu Peng , He Zhicai , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdditives are often used to adjust the morphology of the active layer to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, taking typical high‐efficiency non‐fullerene systems as examples, the effect of the additive on the device performance in non‐fullerene OSCs is systematically investigated. Surprisingly, an unpresented VOC change is observed in the opposite direction of the two typical systems (PM6:Y6 and PTB7‐Th: ITIC) appearing after the incorporation of the additive DIO, which can be affected by the morphological differences as indicated by the several morphological studies. The bewildering VOC change caused by the additive in different material systems is supposed to originate from the different energy level variations as verified by the energy level studies. Molecular dynamic (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also included to get an insight into the dynamic of the additive‐induced morphological differences that are supposed to contribute to the energy level changes. Combining a series of morphological and energic studies as well as the theoretical calculations, the origin of unforeseeable VOC changes caused by additives in non‐fullerene OSCs is clarified, and provides in‐depth insights into the effects of additives on device performance.
Unraveling the Intercorrelation Between Micro/Mesopores and K Migration Behavior in Hard Carbon
Authors: Yuan Fei , Zhang Di , Li Zhaojin , Sun Huilan , Yu Qiyao , Wang Qiujun , Zhang Jianguo , Wu Yusheng , Xi Kai , Wang Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPore‐structure design with increased ion‐diffusion ability is usually regarded as an effective strategy to improve K‐storage performance in hard carbon (HC). However, the relationship between porous structure and K+ migration behavior remains unclear and requires further exploration. Herein, a series of chemically activated hard carbon spheres (denoted as AHCSs) with controllable micro/mesopores structure are successfully synthesized to explore intercorrelation between micro/mesopores and K migration behavior. The experimental results indicate AHCSs have two different K+ storage ways, that is, adsorption behavior at high potential region and intercalation process at low potential region. These behaviors are closely related to the pores structure evolution: the micropores afford extra active sites for efficient K‐ions adsorption, and therefore positive correlation between micropores and adsorption‐contributed capacity is confirmed; the mesopores permit more K‐ions intercalation/deintercalation by offering adequate pathways, and as a result positive correlations between mesopores and intercalation‐contributed capacity as well as initial Coulombic efficiency are revealed. All these together contribute to achieving excellent reversible capacity, and exceptional rate capability with an ultra‐long cycle lifespan in PIBs, and simultaneously exhibit a high energy density as well as considerable cycling stability for potassium‐ion full cells. These results promote a fundamental understanding of K+ migration behaviors in hard carbon.
Self‐Activated Formation of Hierarchical Co3O4 Nanoflakes with High Valence‐State Conversion Capability for Ultrahigh‐Capacity Zn–Co Batteries
Authors: Shang Wenxu , Yu Wentao , Xiao Xu , Ma Yanyi , He Yi , Zhao Zhongxi , Tan Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCobalt‐based materials are attracting increasing interest in alkaline Zn batteries due to the high theoretical capacity. However, the practical utilization is restricted by the poor microstructure and insufficient valence‐state conversion. Herein, a self‐activated formation of hierarchical Co3O4 nanoflakes with high valence‐state conversion capability is designed. This electrode not only exhibits the optimized microstructure with large reaction surfaces, but also shows excellent valence‐state conversion capability. Consequently, this battery delivers an ultrahigh capacity of 481.4 mAh g−1 and an energy density of 818.3 Wh kg−1 based on the active material, which shines among reported Co‐based materials. Besides, the capacity can retain 41.9% with even 20× current density increases, and it can operate with a capacity decay of 20% after the 1000th cycle. This strategy greatly enhances the performance and durability of integrated air electrodes, raising the attention of boundary design for other electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.