bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus disease 2019 on routine testing in eclampsia: a case report
Authors: Kalsar Pradip , Datta Shreya , Kalsar Arbabasu , Kanyike Andrew Marvin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia. Coronavirus disease 2019 and preeclampsia have overlapping clinical features and are therefore challenging to differentiate. Since pregnant women are not routinely tested for coronavirus disease 2019, it is prudent to test for it among patients presenting with preeclampsia or eclampsia.

Case presentation
A 23-year-old female, a Munda, gravida 1 para 0, at 36 weeks and 5 days of amenorrhea presented to Mal Super Specialty Hospital as a referral in a semiconscious state after a severe attack of tonic–clonic seizures. Detailed history from the husband was insignificant except for a persistent cough for the last 7 days. She had denied any visual changes, headaches, or vaginal discharge. Physical examination revealed tachycardia (150 beats per minute), elevated blood pressure (187/111 mmHg), tachypnea (36 breaths per minute), and oxygen saturation of 94% on room air. Routine coronavirus disease 2019 rapid test was positive, and urine dipstick was +3. Additional tests revealed leukocytosis and elevated liver enzymes. Chest radiograph revealed prominent interstitial markings, and a bedside transabdominal ultrasonography showed a live single intrauterine fetus in cephalic presentation with normal cardiac activity and movements. A diagnosis of a prime gravida with eclampsia and coronavirus disease 2019 was made. She was managed with intravenous labetalol; she had already received a loading dose of intravenous magnesium sulfate, and we administered two maintenance doses during monitoring. Within an hour of admission, she had a spontaneous rupture of the amniotic membranes, with meconium-stained liquor (grade 2), and the fetal heart rate (148 beats per minute) was reassuring. She had an uncomplicated vaginal delivery of a live male newborn. Shortly after delivery, she developed slight respiratory distress and significant fluid overload that was managed with furosemide. Coronavirus disease 2019 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test came back negative for the neonate and positive for the mother. She was shifted to the coronavirus disease 2019 treatment unit, and her contact with the child was limited. She was kept on a course of tablets ivermectin, zinc, vitamin C, montelukast, azithromycin, metronidazole, and injectable pantoprazole. The mother and child were discharged on day 15 after recovery with negative COVID nasopharyngeal swab.

Conclusion
A diagnosis of preeclampsia or eclampsia should prompt testing for coronavirus disease 2019.
Current status of herbal medicine research for respiratory diseases induced by particulate matter: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Leem Jungtae , Kim Yohwan , Kim Kwan-Il 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Particulate matter (PM) is an important environmental risk factor for the initiation and exacerbation of respiratory disease. Various herbal medicines have exhibited a reduction in symptoms of respiratory diseases induced by PM in animal models. However, the types and characteristics of studies on herbal medicine for respiratory diseases by PM have not been reviewed. This scoping review will focus on the currents status and research gap of herbal medicines for respiratory diseases caused by PM.

Methods
We will follow the scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched for relevant English-language publications, and only peer-reviewed, controlled comparative in vivo/in-vitro/human studies examining the effects of herbs on respiratory disease induced by PM will be included. The basic characteristics, research methods, detailed regimens, possible mechanisms, outcomes, and results will be extracted using a predefined standardized data extraction form. Outcomes will be presented in the following categories: pulmonary function, inflammatory markers, reactive oxygen species, histology and mechanisms, and adverse events. Two researchers will independently perform the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. We will also present the research map and implications for further study.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required because individual patient data will not be included. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications or conference presentations.

Systematic review registration
This review protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework on February 12, 2021 (https://osf.io/s7uvk/)
Baseline study of growers’ constraints in the production of apple (Malus domestica) in Plateau State Nigeria
Authors: Osadebamwen U. G. , Adekoya A. E. , Akintunde E. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Including temperate fruits like apples in her production and export line is one of the many ways Nigeria, particularly, Plateau State, can diversify her economy and consequently address the issues of poverty, malnutrition, and hunger. However, there are constraints confronting the industry. This research was carried out as a baseline study of growers’ constraints in the production of apple in Plateau State, Nigeria.

Method and result
Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select the respondents for this study. Plateau State has 17 local government areas (LGAs) out of which four LGAs, namely, Jos South, Jos North, Barki Ladi and Riyom were purposively selected because of the prevalence of apple growers in these areas. Furthermore, the snowball sampling technique was used to achieve an enumeration of 30 apple growers, which were used for the study (total sampling). A well-structured interview schedule was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from respondents and the former was subjected to statistical analysis using descriptive statistics (means and percentages) while the latter was done using focused group discussions (FGDs) and analysed using qualitative tools such as Problem Tree Analysis (PTA) and Paired Needs Priority Ranking (PNPR). Research findings revealed that lack of extension services ($$\overline{x }$$

x
¯

= 1.93), inadequate finance/credit facilities ($$\overline{x }$$

x
¯

= 1.90) and high cost of farm inputs ($$\overline{x }$$

x
¯

= 1.83) were the most severe constraints to apple production in the study area. Using the PTA of low apple production in the study area, participants viewed lack of extension services, high cost of seedlings, inadequate/inaccessible credit facilities amongst others, as causes (roots) of the problem while high dependency ratio, low wages, loss of foreign exchange, etc., as the effects (fruits) of low apple production output. Furthermore, the PNPR revealed that subsidised farm inputs (especially cost of apple seedlings), extension services and credit facilities were the priority needs of the apple producers while receiving of market reports was their least prioritised need.

Conclusion
The study concludes that lack of extension services, inadequate finance/credit facilities and high cost of farm inputs were the most severe constraints to apple production in Plateau State, Nigeria. The study culminates with a list of suitable recommendations.
The core root microbiome of Spartina alterniflora is predominated by sulfur-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria in Georgia salt marshes, USA
Authors: Rolando Jose L. , Kolton Max , Song Tianze , Kostka Joel E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Salt marshes are dominated by the smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora on the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastlines. Although soil microorganisms are well known to mediate important biogeochemical cycles in salt marshes, little is known about the role of root microbiomes in supporting the health and productivity of marsh plant hosts. Leveraging in situ gradients in aboveground plant biomass as a natural laboratory, we investigated the relationships between S. alterniflora primary productivity, sediment redox potential, and the physiological ecology of bulk sediment, rhizosphere, and root microbial communities at two Georgia barrier islands over two growing seasons.

Results
A marked decrease in prokaryotic alpha diversity with high abundance and increased phylogenetic dispersion was found in the S. alterniflora root microbiome. Significantly higher rates of enzymatic organic matter decomposition, as well as the relative abundances of putative sulfur (S)-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing, and nitrifying prokaryotes correlated with plant productivity. Moreover, these functional guilds were overrepresented in the S. alterniflora rhizosphere and root core microbiomes. Core microbiome bacteria from the Candidatus Thiodiazotropha genus, with the metabolic potential to couple S oxidation with C and N fixation, were shown to be highly abundant in the root and rhizosphere of S. alterniflora.

Conclusions
The S. alterniflora root microbiome is dominated by highly active and competitive species taking advantage of available carbon substrates in the oxidized root zone. Two microbially mediated mechanisms are proposed to stimulate S. alterniflora primary productivity: (i) enhanced microbial activity replenishes nutrients and terminal electron acceptors in higher biomass stands, and (ii) coupling of chemolithotrophic S oxidation with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fixation by root- and rhizosphere-associated prokaryotes detoxifies sulfide in the root zone while potentially transferring fixed C and N to the host plant.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods on pain management during orthodontic debonding
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Prasad , Rauniyar Shristi , Prasad Pravin , Pradhan Pranil Man Singh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Orthodontic treatment procedures like separator placement, archwire placement, orthodontic force application, miniscrew placement and debonding procedure usually involve pain and discomfort. Pain perception and methods to reduce pain during debonding in regard to gender and different locations of oral cavity is still a poorly documented issue in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods on pain management during debonding and its association with gender and location.

Materials and methods
One hundred and forty orthodontic patients in the stage of debonding were randomly assigned into four groups according to different methods used during debonding; Group A: Medication group (Paracetamol given 1 h before debonding), Group B: Finger pressure group, Group C: Stress relief group and Group D: Control group. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain intensity just after debonding for each sextant.

Results
Among 140 participants, 61 (43.57%) were males and 79 (56.43%) were females. Differences in VAS score in different areas of oral cavity among all groups were found to be significant (p < 0.05). Total VAS score was greater in control group (16.67) followed by stress relief group (13.33) and finger pressure group (10) and least in medication group (8.33). The VAS score was higher in the upper front and lower front sextants in all the groups. Females reported higher VAS score and in upper front sextant, it showed significant difference (p = 0.018). On comparison, total VAS scores were statistically significant difference in medication-stress relief arm pair (p = 0.009), medication-control arm pair (p < 0.001) and finger pressure-control arm pair (0.002). The total VAS score comparison between medication-finger pressure arm was not significant (p = 0.172).

Conclusions
Pain perceived during debonding varies in different areas of oral cavity among all the groups. Anterior area of oral cavity and female seems to be more sensitive to pain. Use of finger pressure can be used effectively for pain management during debonding.
Effects of additional context information in prescription drug information sheets on comprehension and risk and efficacy perceptions
Authors: Kelly Bridget , O’Donoghue Amie , Parvanta Sarah , Boudewyns Vanessa , Oguntimein Oluwamurewa , Bann Carla , West Sue , Tzeng Janice , Chandler Caroline , Madson Gabriel , McCormack Lauren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how additional explanatory text (context) about drug side effects in a patient medication information handout affected comprehension and perceptions of risk and efficacy.MethodsWe conducted an online experiment with a national sample of 1,119 U.S. adults with rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions, sampled through random-digit dialing, address-based sampling, and online ads. We randomized participants to receive one of several versions of a patient information handout for a fictitious drug, either with or without additional context, then measured comprehension and other outcomes.ResultsAdditional qualitative context about warnings and side effects resulted in lower comprehension of side effect information, but not information about uses of the drug or warnings. The effect of additional context on risk perceptions depended on whether the medication handout was delivered online or through the mail. Those who received a hardcopy of the handout with additional context had higher perceived risk of side effects than those who saw the version without additional context.ConclusionMore clarifying information is not always better and may lead to cognitive overload, inhibiting comprehension.Practice implicationsAdditional research should further explore effects of context in online vs. hard-copy formats before practice implications can be determined.
Assessment of private health sector prescribing patterns and adherence to prescription format using World Health Organization core drug use indicators in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Asmamaw Getahun , Ejigu Nahu , Tewihubo Dinksew , Ayenew Wondim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the private healthcare sector's role in healthcare delivery is growing in Ethiopia. However, there are limited studies on private healthcare sector drug use patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the private healthcare sector prescribing practices and adherence to prescription format, using some of the World Health Organization (WHO) core drug use indicators in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to collect quantitative data from prescriptions prescribed and dispensed by private healthcare sectors in the Lemi-Kura sub-city, Addis Ababa. The study was conducted from June to July 2021. The WHO criteria were used to evaluate prescribing and prescription completeness indicators. Prescriptions, kept for the last 1 year that were prescribed between January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2021, by private drug outlets, were analyzed. Simple random and systematic sampling procedures were employed in selecting drug outlets and prescriptions, respectively.ResultsOf a total of 1,200 prescriptions, 2,192 drugs were prescribed and the average number of drugs per prescription was 1.83. Generic names, antibiotics, injections, and drugs on the Ethiopian essential medicines list accounted for 77.4, 63.8, 11.5, and 80.6% of all prescriptions, respectively. Among the patient identifiers, the patient card number (54.3%), weight (2.3%), and diagnoses (31.7%) were less likely to be completed. In terms of the drug-related information, the dosage form (35.5%) was the least likely to be completed. Only 36.6 and 25.8% of prescriptions contained the names and qualifications of the prescribers, respectively. It was difficult to obtain prescription papers with the dispenser identifier.ConclusionThe study findings indicated prescribing and prescription completeness indicators all considerably deviated from WHO standards and hence unsuitable. This situation could be critical since a similar pattern is reported from public healthcare sectors, which might imply the extent of non-adherence to WHO core drug use standards. Consequently, it could play a considerable role in increasing irrational medicine use in Ethiopia.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between initial trabeculectomy and Ex-PRESS in terms of achieving an intraocular pressure below 15 and 18 mmHg: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Nakakura Shunsuke , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the postoperative outcomes of initial trabeculectomy (Trab) and Ex-PRESS (EX) in terms of achieving an intraocular pressure (IOP) below 15 and 18 mmHg.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed 64 and 54 cases of Trab and EX, respectively, performed by the same surgeon with uniform management from April 2018 to March 2019. Surgical success was defined as 5 < IOP < 15 mmHg (criterion 1) and 5 < IOP < 18 mmHg (criterion 2) without additional glaucoma medication, needling, and bleb reconstruction 2 months after surgery. Survival analysis with Cox regression was performed to identify factors associated with postoperative outcomes.ResultsThe Trab and EX groups had an IOP of 22.6 ± 6.2 vs. 21.8 ± 6.0 mmHg before surgery (P = 0.507), 12.6 ± 2.6 vs. 14.0 ± 4.4 mmHg (P = 0.06) at 6 months, 12.7 ± 2.3 vs. 12.9 ± 2.8 mmHg (P = 0.678) at 12 months, 13.3 ± 2.6 vs. 12.6 ± 2.8 mmHg (P = 0.260) at 18 months, and 13.2 ± 2.3 vs. 13.6 ± 2.8 mmHg (P = 0.444) at 24 months, respectively. The proportion of those with an IOP < 15 mmHg in the Trab and EX groups was 82% vs. 81% at 6 months, 68% vs. 62% at 12 months, 63% vs. 61% at 18 months, and 57% vs. 53% at 24 months, respectively. The log-rank test showed no significant difference between the groups for Criteria 1 (P = 0.755) and 2 (P = 0.138). The results of the multivariate logistic analysis identified only a high preoperative IOP as a risk factor for surgical failure (odds ratio for Criteria 1: 1.076,P = 0.009 and Criteria 2: 1.068,P = 0.048).ConclusionPostoperative outcomes of Trab and EX suggested similar ability for achieving an IOP below 15 and 18 mmHg without medications and interventions.
Connecting materials sciences with fungal biology: a sea of possibilities
Authors: Meyer Vera 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Special Issue “Connecting materials science with fungal biology” celebrates recent breakthroughs in the fabrication of fungal-based materials, all of which have been made possible by the interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration of fungal biologists and biotechnologists with artists, designers, materials scientists, and architects. It features conceptual considerations and latest developments of these joint research efforts and the paradigm shift that is involved. The aim of this collection of twelve papers is to highlight the infinite possibilities for the development of innovative fungal-based materials which can be realized through integrating the knowledge and methods from different disciplines.
Effect of a fixed-dose combination of Telmisartan/S-amlodipine on circadian blood pressure compared with Telmisartan monotherapy: TENUVA-BP study
Authors: Kim Bong-Joon , Cho Kyoung-Im , Kwon Hyuck Moon , Choi Seung-Min , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Lim Sang Wook , Joo Seung-Jae , Lee Nam Ho , Lim Sang-Yup , Lim Seong-Hoon , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the circadian efficacy of a telmisartan 40 mg/S-amlodipine 2.5 mg fixed-dose combination (Telmisartan40/S-Amlodipine2.5) compared to telmisartan 80 mg (Telmisartan80) in patients with essential hypertension who did not respond to 2–4 weeks’ treatment with telmisartan 40 mg.

Methods
Eligible patients with essential hypertension (clinic mean sitting systolic blood pressure [MSSBP] ≥140 mmHg, or ≥ 130 mmHg in those with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease) were randomly assigned to Telmisartan40/S-Amlodipine2.5 or Telmisartan80 for 8 weeks. All patients underwent ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) at baseline and 8 weeks later. Primary endpoints were changes in mean 24-h SBP and DBP on 24-h ABPM from baseline after 8 weeks. Secondary endpoints were changes in daytime, nighttime, and morning SBP and DBP, and clinic MSSBP and MSDBP.

Results
A total of 316 Korean patients were enrolled, 217 patients were randomized to treatment, and 192 patients completed the study. Compared to Telmisartan80, Telmisartan40/S-Amlodipine2.5 showed significantly better reductions in 24-h mean SBP and DBP after 8 weeks. Telmisartan40/S-Amlodipine2.5 also significantly reduced secondary endpoints compared to Telmisartan80. Among 15 adverse events (7 [Telmisartan40/S-Amlodipine2.5] and 8 [Telmisartan80]), there were five adverse drug reactions; 14 events were mild, and none were identified with significant between-group differences.

Conclusions
Telmisartan40/S-Amlodipine2.5 was tolerable and more effective than Telmisartan80 in lowering 24-h mean ambulatory BP in patients with essential hypertension not responding adequately to Telmisartan40. Our findings support the fact that the combination of S-amlodipine with telmisartan is more appropriate than increasing the dose of telmisartan monotherapy.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02231788. Registered 4 September 2014.
Comparison of prognosis in two methods for the lingual nerve repair: direct suture with vein graft cuff and collagen allograft method
Authors: Fujita Shigeyuki , Tojyo Itaru , Nakanishi Takashi , Suzuki Shigeru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
No studies have compared the outcomes of direct perineurial suture with vein graft cuff repair and indirect collagen allograft repair of the lingual nerve following an injury. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the outcomes of each over a 1-year observation period. We retrospectively assessed 20 patients who had undergone microneurosurgical repair of unilateral lingual nerve injuries at the Wakayama Medical University Hospital between May 2015 and March 2019. We utilized two different methods for lingual nerve repair, i.e., direct perineurial repair with a vein graft cuff and interpositional collagen allograft repair. Sensory and taste function in the lingual nerve were preoperatively evaluated using a static two-point discrimination test, superficial pain/tactile sensation test, tests for the pressure pain threshold (Semmens-Weinstein monofilament), test for thermal discrimination hot and cold sensation, and a taste discrimination test. These tests were performed again at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results
Compared to the preoperative conditions, all patients showed improved sensory reactions. Functional sensory recovery outcomes were defined by Pogrel’s criteria, Medical Research Council Scale grades, and functional sensory recovery. In each group, all patients improved after the operation. However, the operation time was significantly shorter for an interpositional collagen allograft repair as compared to that for a direct perineurial repair with a vein graft cuff.

Conclusions
There were no statistically significant differences between the two repair Methods, except for the operation time. Both methods led to satisfactory results for all criteria. From an economic point of view, direct perineurial repair with a vein graft cuff is meaningful; however, the esthetic effect on the donor site should be considered. Conversely, interpositional collagen allograft repair has the advantage of a greatly shortened operation time.