bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining the contribution of riverine particulate release to the global marine Nd budget
Authors: Che Hong , Zhang Jing , Liu Qian , He Huijun , Zhao Zhi-Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe release of neodymium (Nd) from particles along continental margins may contribute to losses in the global of Nd budget. The Changjiang River, which carries a heavy load of total suspended matter, empties into the East China Sea, and a strong particulate–seawater interaction process occurs along the salinity gradient. In the low-salinity region (S < 2.0), strong removal of dissolved rare earth elements (dREEs) occurs, but the Nd isotope values are uniform. At mid- and high-salinity (S = 2.0–28.0 and S > 28.0) areas, the dREE concentrations increase slightly. An Nd isotope mass balance indicates that the release of particulate matter is a source of dREEs in the Changjiang estuary. The release rate of particulate Nd (NdSPM) to the dissolved Nd pool in Changjiang estuary is higher than other estuaries, such as Amazon estuary. Composite all river data available from the previous studies indicate that 5800–9200 Mg per year of Nd is released to global marine waters from riverine particles. This estimated quantity is on the same order of magnitude as the calculated global Nd release flux based on the case study in the Amazon estuary. Our study indicates that to better constrain the global Nd budget, it is required to consider the release rate of NdSPM in different rivers due to the significant difference among various rivers, but with very limited available data as of now.
Back-transformation processes in high-pressure minerals: implications for planetary collisions and diamond transportation from the deep Earth
Authors: Kubo Tomoaki , Kamura Ko , Imamura Masahiro , Tange Yoshinori , Higo Yuji , Miyahara Masaaki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe conducted back-transformation experiments in ringwoodite, bridgmanite, and lingunite at 0.47–8.1 GPa and 310–920 °C by in situ X-ray observation method. Ringwoodite back-transformed to olivine by grain-boundary nucleation and growth mechanism. The site saturation occurred at the early stage under the conditions far from the equilibrium boundary, and we observed the growth-controlled back-transformation kinetics in ringwoodite. The growth kinetics determined in the present study is largely different from that in the previous study (Reynard et al. in Am Min 81:585–594, 1996), which may be due to the effects of water. Bridgmanite did not directly back-transform to the stable phase orthoenstatite at ~ 1–4 GPa, but first becomes amorphous with increasing temperatures. We observed kinetics of the orthoenstatite crystallization from amorphous bridgmanite that was controlled by both nucleation and growth processes. The temperature range in the amorphous state became narrow with increasing pressures, and the direct back-transformation to high-P clinoenstatite without amorphization eventually occurred at 8 GPa. Amorphization was also observed in lingunite when increasing temperature at ~ 1.5 GPa; however, the plagioclase crystallization proceeded before the complete amorphization. The back-transformation in ringwoodite variedly occurs in shocked meteorites depending on the degree of the post-shock annealing, which can be reasonably interpreted based on the growth kinetics. On the other hand, the presence of hydrous ringwoodite in diamond inclusions cannot be explained without the help of residual stress. The present study also indicates that complete amorphization or the back-transformation to enstatite is unavoidable in bridgmanite during the post-shock annealing. This is inconsistent with the presence of crystalline bridgmanite in shocked meteorites, still requiring further investigations of kinetic behaviors in shorter timescales.
Forward modelling and identification of shallow gas in the Bohai Bay seabed
Authors: Yang Xiao-Di , Chun Ming-Hao , Luo Xiao-Qiao , Yao Zhi-Guang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe accumulation of shallow gas in the seabed reduces the strength of strata or forms a high-pressure air sac, endangering ocean engineering construction. Therefore, it is important to identify the distribution of shallow gas in the seabed within the study area. Shallow gas increases the soil mass porosity and reduces the acoustic wave velocity, causing attenuation by absorbing to high-frequency components in the acoustic waves. Based on the geological drilling data in the area surrounding an oil platform in Bohai Bay, a stratigraphic model was established for forward analysis, and the results suggest the presence of the phase inversion of reflective waves at the interface between shallow gas and strata and sunken events for the lower shallow gas. According to a survey of stratigraphic profiles surrounding the platform, a seismic attribute analysis of acoustic stratigraphic profile data concerning amplitude, instantaneous phase, and instantaneous frequency was carried out, and characteristics such as disordered weak amplitude reflection, phase inversion, sunken events and indicators, including high-frequency loss and shallow gas reflection, were identified. Given that the shallow gas reflection is columnar and ended at the top clay strata of the seabed, the shallow gas was probably produced from deep depths.
A comparative study between the efficacy of bupivacaine plus nalbuphine versus bupivacaine alone in pectoral nerve block for management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing breast fibroadenoma excision
Authors: Mohammed Mostafa Salaheldeen , Abdel Latif Samia Abdelmohsen , Nasr Dalia Abdelhamid , Serry Mostafa Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast surgeries, even the relatively minor ones, can be associated with significant postoperative pain affecting patients’ physical and psychological well-being. As a result, regional anaesthetic approaches have been used for breast surgery anaesthesia and analgesia. PECS I and II blocks have been proven to be relatively easy and safe in such regards. Moreover, using adjuvants, such as nalbuphine, have been proposed by many studies to intensify the block and decrease postoperative analgesic intake.
This current study aims to assess the effects of using nalbuphine (20 mg) as a bupivacaine 0.25% (10 ml) adjuvant in PECS I block compared to injecting bupivacaine 0.25% (10 ml) alone in fibroadenoma excision patients.
This trial enrolled 60 patients, 30 of whom received bupivacaine plus nalbuphine (group BN) and 30 in the bupivacaine only (group B). Postoperative VAS, SpO2 and vital signs at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h as well as the amount of morphine consumed, the time it took for the first analgesic to be administered and adverse effects were both recorded and compared.

Results
Regarding postoperative outcomes, a statistically significant difference between the two groups was not detected regarding VAS, SpO2, vital signs and adverse effects. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in total morphine intake in the 24 h following surgery between the two groups (p-value = 0.65). Only 9 out of 60 patients needed analgesia, 5 in the BN group and 4 in the B group, and time to the first analgesic was not of statistically significant difference between BN and B groups (211.8 ± 71.29 and 183.5 ± 29.872 min respectively) (p-value = 0.73). In terms of postoperative complications, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions
Adding nalbuphine (20 mg) to bupivacaine in PECS I block in fibroadenoma patients undergoing excision is not accompanied by a difference with statistical significance in postoperative VAS, morphine consumption and duration to the first analgesia when compared to bupivacaine alone.
Appendicitis and COVID: cause or effect?
Authors: Raju Abdus Salam , Benjamin Aditya Thomas , Rutland Tristan , Liu Luke , Lambrakis Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Vasculitis and phlebitis with vascular occlusion within appendix specimen is rare. Several authors have reported COVID-19 related veno-occlusive disease in hepatic pathology, but lymphoid aggregation with phlebitis is unusual in appendix specimen. We present a case with medium size venule phlebitis in an appendix of a patient recovered from COVID-19 infection.

Case presentation
A 27-year-old who recently recovered from COVID-19 infection 12 weeks prior, presented with acute appendicitis, confirmed on computed tomography and operative findings. He underwent an uneventful laparoscopic appendicectomy. Histopathology showed veno-occlusive vasculitis within the appendix specimen.

Conclusions
Veno-occlusive disease within the appendix is uncommon. Emerging data suggest COVID-19 infection can cause systemic vascular complications. We herein report a case of healthy patient with no past medical history with an unusual findings of medium vessels phlebitis within the appendix post COVID-19 infection.
Dynamics of Long-Term Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Health Behaviors After Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Di Meglio Antonio , Havas Julie , Gbenou Arnauld S. , Martin Elise , El-Mouhebb Mayssam , Pistilli Barbara , Menvielle Gwenn , Dumas Agnes , Everhard Sibille , Martin Anne-Laure , Cottu Paul H. , Lerebours Florence , Coutant Charles , Lesur Anne , Tredan Olivier , Soulie Patrick , Vanlemmens Laurence , Joly Florence , Delaloge Suzette , Ganz Patricia A. , André Fabrice , Partridge Ann H. , Jones Lee W. , Michiels Stefan , Vaz-Luis Ines 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE We aimed to characterize long-term quality of life (QOL) trajectories among patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and to identify related patterns of health behaviors. METHODS Female stage I-III breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in CANTO (CANcer TOxicity; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01993498 ) were included. Trajectories of QOL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire–C30 Summary Score) and associations with trajectory group membership were identified by iterative estimations of group-based trajectory models and multivariable multinomial logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS Four trajectory groups were identified (N = 4,131): excellent (51.7%), very good (31.7%), deteriorating (10.0%), and poor (6.6%) QOL. The deteriorating trajectory group reported fairly good baseline QOL (mean [95% CI], 78.3/100 [76.2 to 80.5]), which significantly worsened at year-1 (58.1/100 [56.4 to 59.9]) and never recovered to pretreatment values through year-4 (61.1/100 [59.0 to 63.3]) postdiagnosis. Healthy behaviors were associated with better performing trajectory groups. Obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] v lean, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.28 to 1.79]; P < .0001) and current smoking (aOR v never, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.27 to 1.82]; P < .0001) at diagnosis were associated with membership to the deteriorating group, which was also characterized by a higher prevalence of patients with excess body weight and insufficient physical activity through year-4 and by frequent exposure to tobacco smoking during chemotherapy. Additional factors associated with membership to the deteriorating group included younger age (aOR, 1-year decrement 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.02]; P = .043), comorbidities (aOR v no, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.40]; P = .005), lower income (aOR v wealthier households, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.37]; P = .002), and endocrine therapy (aOR v no, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.30]; P = .047). CONCLUSION This latent-class analysis identified some patients with upfront poor QOL and a high-risk cluster with severe, persistent postchemotherapy QOL deterioration. Screening relevant patient-level characteristics may inform tailored interventions to mitigate the detrimental impact of chemotherapy and preserve QOL, including early addressal of behavioral concerns and provision of healthy lifestyle support programs.
Orteronel for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Phase III Trial (SWOG-1216)
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Tangen Catherine M. , Hussain Maha H.A. , Gupta Shilpa , Plets Melissa , Lara Primo N. , Harzstark Andrea L. , Twardowski Przemyslaw W. , Paller Channing J. , Zylla Dylan , Zibelman Matthew R. , Levine Ellis , Roth Bruce J. , Goldkorn Amir , Vaena Daniel A. , Kohli Manish , Crispino Tony , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Thompson Ian M. , Quinn David I. 
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE Orteronel (TAK-700) is a nonsteroidal 17,20-lyase inhibitor suppressing androgen synthesis. We evaluated the clinical benefit of orteronel when added to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. METHODS In this open-label randomized phase III study, patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer were randomly assigned 1:1 to ADT with orteronel (300 mg oral twice daily; experimental arm) or ADT with bicalutamide (50 mg oral once daily; control arm). The primary objective was the comparison of overall survival (OS), targeting a 33% improvement in median survival. A stratified log-rank test with a one-sided P ≤ .022 would indicate statistical significance. Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at 7 months (≤ 0.2 v 0.2 to ≤ 4 v > 4 ng/mL), and adverse event profile. RESULTS Among 1,279 patients included in the analysis, 638 were randomly assigned to the ADT plus orteronel arm and 641 to the control arm. The median age was 68 years; 49% had extensive disease. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years, there was a significant improvement in PFS (median 47.6 v 23.0 months, hazard ratio 0.58; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.67; P < .0001) and PSA response at 7 months ( P < .0001), but not in OS (median 81.1 v 70.2 months, hazard ratio 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.02; P = .040, one-sided). More grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in the experimental versus the control arms (43% v 14%). Postprotocol life-prolonging therapy was received by 77.4% of patients in the control arm and 61.3% of patients in the orteronel arm. CONCLUSION The study did not meet the primary end point of improved OS with orteronel. The lack of correlation of PFS and PSA response with OS raises concerns over assumption of their consistent surrogacy for OS in the context of extensive postprotocol therapy in this setting.
Andolan Imaginaries
Authors: Arondekar Anjali , Vohra Paromita , Kidwai Ayesha , Waghmore Suryakant , Sharma Ditilekha , Vee Vihaan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The authors offer andolan/protest imaginaries, meditations that move between the heady inspirations of current protests and the stultifying violence of state practices in South Asia. Each contributor speaks of sight lines of possibility and peril, even as they struggle to inhabit a divided and ravaged landscape. For Paromita Vohra and Anjali Arondekar, andolan gardens grow into supply chains that may or may not create food for thought and struggle. Ayesha Kidwai's dream of a multilingual university accompanies the protest dialogues of activists Diti and Vihaan. Suryakant Waghmore's journey of caste and voice provides the counterpoint to Mir Suhail's images of fury, joy, and death. Together, the authors move toward justice.
Martial Law Now, as Then
Authors: Tadiar Neferti X. M. , Sanchez Mark John , Manalansan Martin F. , Hanna Karen Buenavista , Devilles Gary C. , Capino José B. , Diaz Josen Masangkay , Isaac Allan Punzalan , Balance Christine Bacareza , Diaz Robert , Lopez Ferdinand , Clutario Genevieve Alva 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the middle of the global pandemic of 2020, as states of emergency were declared in both the Philippines and the United States, Filipinx scholars offer memories and reflections of life under martial law in the Philippines and its aftermath and resonances in the present.
Medical student flourishing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at one U.S. institution
Authors: Kelly-Hedrick Margot , Iuliano Kayla , Tackett Sean , Chisolm Margaret S. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Medical education research often focuses on measuring negative mental states like burnout, rather than focusing on positive states like well-being. Flourishing – a state that includes domains of happiness and mental health - is a way of thinking about well-being that may be relevant to education and research. The purpose of this prospective, observational study was to compare the relationship among flourishing, other well-being measures, and burnout in medical students via a survey administered at two time points. Methods: We surveyed medical students at one U.S. institution about their flourishing, satisfaction with work-life balance, quality of life, empathic concern, and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Flourishing was measured using two scores, the Flourish Index (FI) and Secure Flourish Index (SFI), with higher scores indicating greater flourishing. Pre- and post-scores for both measures were compared. Results: 107/585 (18%) medical students responded to the survey and 78/107 (73%) participated in the post survey. SFI scores were higher at the second time point (M=7.1, SD=1.2) than the first (M=6.7, SD=1.3, p=.026). FI, satisfaction with work-life balance, quality of life, empathic concern, and burnout were unchanged at the second time point. Discussion: COVID-19 has disrupted medical students and their education in multiple ways – some of them positive – which may explain the increase in SFI score and the lack of change in FI and other measures, at the post-survey.
The juxtaposition of the natural and the medical perspectives in noisy breathing at the end of life
Authors: Hendry Annie , Hiscock Julia , Evans Elizabeth , Turner Bethany , Pottle Jacqueline , Wilkinson Clare , Poolman Marlise 
Published: April 2022

Background: Noisy breathing is common at the end of life. Management of noisy breathing aims to reduce the noise via repositioning the person, suctioning the person's airways and using antimuscarinic drugs. Dying people are generally thought not to be distressed by noisy breathing at the end of life, but the noise may distress others. There is doubt on whether antimuscarinic drugs are any more effective than a placebo for noisy breathing. However, antimuscarinics are still commonly administered to people at the end of life. Aim: To illuminate reasons behind decision making and noisy breathing at the end of life. Methods: Semi-structured interviews and ‘self-recorded brief accounts’ with healthcare professionals. Findings: Noisy breathing at the end of life is viewed as both a natural and a medical phenomenon. However, while most participants in the interviews thought that antimuscarinics were uneffective, the prescription and administration of antimuscarinics were embedded within professional culture. Conclusion: Managing noisy breathing is a complex issue that incorporates natural and medical viewpoints and has a long-standing culture of practice. Research should aim to determine best practice and reduce a person's distress at the end of life.
Comparison of fine-needle aspiration with fine-needle capillary cytology in thyroid nodules
Authors: Hatami H , Samsami M , Movahedinia S , Salehi B , Movahedinia M , Ardeshir M 
Published: April 2022

Introduction High false-negative results have been reported for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in thyroid nodules. Fine-needle capillary (FNC) cytology is an alternative technique that prevents aspiration, reducing tissue damage. This study aimed to compare FNA and FNC in assessing thyroid nodules and in terms of their predictive role in the appropriate diagnosis of malignancy. Methods This is a comparative prospective study conducted on 486 patients. FNA was performed in 235 patients during 2016 and 2017 and FNC in 251 patients during 2018 and 2019. The quality of cytological specimens was compared and then correlated with the final histopathological findings of 39 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Results Both groups were statistically similar regarding age and sex distribution. The FNA technique yielded significantly higher adequate specimens compared with FNC (p<0.001). Abundant blood in the background was found more frequently in the FNA technique (p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of FNA for malignancy diagnosis were both 100%, compared with 83.3% and 57.7% for FNC, respectively. Conclusions The two methods, FNA and FNC, did not differ in terms of overall quality. FNA was superior regarding consistency with the histopathological results and the ability to diagnose malignancy.
Pilonidal sinus laser-assisted closure (PiLAC) – a low-morbidity alternative to excision with excellent long-term outcomes
Authors: Johnson DE , Granville R , Lovett E , Runau F , Chaudhri S 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Recurrence after surgery for pilonidal sinus disease is a recognised problem and patients often re-present months after discharge. We routinely treat primary and recurrent pilonidal sinus disease with Pilonidal sinus Laser-Assisted Closure (PiLAC). Long-term outcomes following PiLAC surgery was examined following clinical and telephone review. Methods All patients undergoing PiLAC as a day-case between April 2016 and July 2019 were included. Patients were followed up in a nurse-led clinic until complete healing or recurrence. A prospective database and retrospective audit of notes combined with longer-term follow-up by telephone were used. Results A total of 35 patients underwent PiLAC, median age 28 (18–53 years), 28 males:7 females. A total of 28 patients had long-term (>60 days) follow-up, mean 407 days (range 67–887 days); 25/28 patients (89.3%) had healed with no recurrence on long-term follow-up. Of these 28 patients, 11 were first presentation of pilonidal disease and underwent PiLAC as their first treatment, with a 91% heal rate long term. A total of 15 patients had seton drainage prior to PiLAC, with a 93% heal rate versus no seton (83%). Fisher's exact test showed no significant difference between sex, new/recurrent pilonidal disease and seton placement (p>0.05). Conclusions Healing after PiLAC for the treatment of primary and recurrent pilonidal sinus disease is preserved with excellent long-term outcomes. We recommend it as an alternative to surgical excision.