bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Care Prior to and During COVID-19: Cross-sectional Survey of Rural and Urban Adults
Authors: Rush Kathy L , Seaton Cherisse L , Corman Kendra , Hawe Nicole , Li Eric Ping Hung , Dow-Fleisner Sarah J , Hasan Mohammad Khalad , Oelke Nelly D , Currie Leanne M , Pesut Barbara 
Published: July 2022

Background
To reduce person-to-person contact, the COVID-19 pandemic has driven a massive shift to virtual care. Defined as the use of technology (synchronous or asynchronous) to support communication between health care providers and patients, rural-urban differences in virtual care are relatively unexplored.

Objective
The 2-fold purpose of this study was to examine rural and urban virtual care access, use, and satisfaction during the pandemic and to identify any unmet needs.

Methods
This study was a cross-sectional online survey exploring virtual care among rural and urban adults in summer 2021 using a combination of fixed and open-ended response options. Quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic content analysis.

Results
Overall, 501 (373, 74.4% female; age range 19-86 years; 237, 47.3% rural-living) Western Canadians completed the survey. Virtual care use was high among both rural (171/237, 72.2%) and urban (188/264, 71.2%) participants, with over one-half (279/501, 55.7%) reporting having only started to use virtual care since the pandemic. The self-reported need for mental health programs and services increased during the pandemic, compared with prior for both rural and urban participants. Among virtual care users, interest in its continuation was high. Our analysis also shows that internet quality (all P<.05) and eHealth literacy (all P<.001) were positively associated with participants’ perceptions of virtual care usefulness, ease of use, and satisfaction, with no rural-urban differences. Rural participants were less likely to have used video in communicating with doctors or health care providers, compared with urban participants (P<.001). When describing unmet needs, participants described a (1) lack of access to care, (2) limited health promotion and prevention options, and (3) lack of mental health service options.

Conclusions
The increased demand for and use of virtual care may reflect increased availability and a lack of alternatives due to limited in-person services during the COVID-19 pandemic, so a balance between virtual care and in-person care is important to consider postpandemic. Further, ensuring availability of high-speed internet and education to support patients will be important for providing accessible and effective virtual care, especially for rural residents.
Comunidades ribeirinhas do Amazonas têm conhecimento sobre cárie dentária: resultado da educação em saúde bucal
Authors: Gasque Kellen Cristina da Silva , Hatta Júnior Kleber Tsunematsu , Costa Pamela Couto Guimarães , Nogueira Denismar Alves 
Published: July 2022

O Amazonas é o maior estado brasileiro em extensão territorial, com uma parcela significativa da população vivendo em torno dos rios, as chamadas comunidades ribeirinhas. O acesso aos serviços de saúde por essas comunidades é limitado, levando à criação de projetos de saúde pública para prevenção e tratamento de doenças, assim como ações de educação em saúde. Diversas organizações não governamentais (ONG) e equipes de saúde atuam nessas comunidades com projetos de educação em saúde. Neste artigo, verificou-se a percepção dos pais sobre a saúde bucal de seus filhos e a importância dos cuidados da dentição decídua para prevenção da cárie dentária. Para isso, foram entrevistados trezentos pais ou responsáveis por crianças de zero a sete anos em comunidades ribeirinhas localizadas em três municípios do Amazonas (Parintins, Nhamundá e Barreirinha – N = 300, cem em cada município). A partir das entrevistas, pode-se concluir que as mães foram as principais respondentes (80%), cuja renda familiar é de até um salário mínimo (91%). Além disso, a maioria tinha conhecimentos sobre cárie dentária (56%), bem como já recebeu alguma orientação sobre como escovar os dentes (41%). Todas as crianças possuem escova de dentes e 94% delas utilizam dentifrício na escovação. Por fim, os pais foram considerados os principais responsáveis pela escovação dentária supervisionada de seus filhos (87%), embora apenas 44% deles a realize. Portanto, neste artigo, demonstra-se a efetividade das ações e dos projetos aplicados em comunidades ribeirinhas em relação à cárie dentária, ainda que exista a necessidade da continuidade dessas ações para mudanças efetivas de hábitos, impactando positivamente a saúde bucal das crianças ribeirinhas do Amazonas.
The Inception of Credit Default Swap Trading and Corporate Cost Structure
Authors: Fang Shunlan , Pu Xiaoling , Wang Sarah Q. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Prior literature shows that how creditors monitor borrowers and exercise control rights affect borrowers’ investment and financial policies, but little is known about their impact on borrowers’ operating decisions. The availability of a credit default swap (CDS) reduces creditors’ monitoring incentives ex ante but increases their liquidation incentives in the events of default ex post. After the inception of CDS trading, reference firms exhibit an increase in the elasticity of cost structure. Results are consistent in instrumental variable analyses and are robust with alternative matching samples. The increase in cost structure elasticity is more pronounced for firms with greater credit risk and more restrictive covenants and financially constrained firms, and those face greater product market competition and provide higher convexity in managers’ compensation. We provide the first evidence showing that managers choose a more elastic cost structure when creditors become less forgiving.
Data Availability: All the data used in this paper are from publicly available databases.
JEL Classifications: D24; G32; M41.
Population-level impact and cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring and intermittently-scanned continuous glucose monitoring technologies for adults with type 1 diabetes in Canada: a modelling study
Authors: Rotondi Michael A , Wong Octavia , Riddell Michael , Perkins Bruce 
Published: July 2022

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> Maintaining healthy glucose levels is critical for the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the most efficacious and cost-effective approach (capillary self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG], continuous or intermittently-scanned glucose monitoring [CGM, isCGM]) is not clear. We modelled the population-level impact of these three glucose-monitoring systems on diabetes-related complications, mortality, and cost-effectiveness in adults with T1D in Canada.</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods: </strong>We used a Markov cost-effectiveness model based on 9 complication states for adults aged 18-64 years with T1D. We performed the cost-effectiveness analysis from a single payer health care system perspective over a 20-year horizon; assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per quality adjusted life year (QALY). Primary outcomes were the number of complications and deaths, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CGM and isCGM relative to SMBG.</p>
<p><strong>Results: </strong>An initial cohort of 180,000 with baseline HbA1c of 8.1% was used to represent all Canadians aged 18-64 with T1D. Universal SMBG use was associated with ~11,200 people (6.2%) living without complications and ~89,400 (49.7%) deaths after 20 years. Universal CGM use was associated with an additional ~7,400 (4.1%) people living complication-free and ~11,500 (6.4%) fewer deaths compared to SMBG, while universal isCGM use was associated with ~3,400 (1.9%) more people living complication-free and ~4,600 (2.6%) fewer deaths. Relative to SMBG, CGM and isCGM had ICERs of $35,017/QALY and $17,488/QALY, respectively.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong> Universal use of CGM or isCGM in the Canadian T1D population is anticipated to reduce diabetes-related complications and mortality at an acceptable cost-effectiveness threshold.</p>
Diseño de un prototipo software para la administración de Historias Laborales
Authors: Garzón Vela Luis Enrique , Gómez Flórez Sergio 
Published: July 2022

El proyecto, tiene como objetivo el diseño (técnico y funcional) de un prototipo software para la gestión de historias laborales de personal activo del Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA Regional Cauca. Acotando que, aunque el alcance inicial se circunscribe a ésta regional, se visibiliza la posibilidad de que dicho sistema pueda superar la fase de prototipo y sea usado en todas las regionales del SENA.

El proyecto parte de una necesidad latente de gestionar las Historias Laborales, digitalizarlas y facilitar a los funcionarios la generación de un certificado básico.

El proyecto contempló una fase de levantamiento de información con el área interesada del proceso, es decir, recursos humanos. Dicho levantamiento de información permitió conocer en detalle la necesidad funcional y desde ella definir el alcance técnico del prototipo. Por otro lado, se hace un análisis de la normatividad asociada al proceso, a fin de contemplar requisitos de corte legal.

Una vez identificados los requisitos, se planteó la fase de diseño, en la cual se modelaron los casos de uso del sistema y las propuestas de interface requerida para el mismo y se dio pie al proceso de desarrollo tomando como base algunos elementos de metodologías ágiles como son: Scrum y Xp, que permitió contar con un prototipo funcional que permite cumplir el alcance descrito previamente. En cuanto al aseguramiento de la calidad del producto, se aplicó la metodología denominada “Metodología para la implementación del aseguramiento de calidad en los productos software – Mecaps”, el cual es un método propio del Sena.

Para concluir el ejercicio, se define una fase de pruebas técnicas y funcionales que permiten evaluar la conformidad del sistema versus los requerimientos y necesidades identificados en fases previas. De dichas pruebas, se generan informes de evaluación que permitirán generar mejoras funcionales al sistema, solución de bugs y optimizaciones que se puedan dar en el proceso. Sumado a lo anterior y como ejercicio de retroalimentación, el proceso generará un informe con las lecciones aprendidas del proceso. Con lo cual se pueda establecer la base general para el desarrollo de una nueva fase en la que el prototipo se pueda llevar a un escenario más usable.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Kelas Awal Sekolah Dasar Alumni PAUD dan Non-PAUD
Authors: Hewi La 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan belajar siswa kelas awal sekolah dasar alumni PAUD dan Non PAUD. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologis untuk memperoleh pemahaman tentang kesulitan belajar siswa di kelas awal.. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan interaktif model dengan langkah-langkah analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah teknik credibility (derajat kepercayaan) yakni, triangulasi member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar terdapat di seluruh kelas awal (kelas 1, 2 dan 3) sekolah dasar negeri 92 kendari, yang diidentifikasi berasal dari alumni PAUD dan Non PAUD; kedua, bentuk-bentuk kesulitan kesulitan belajar siswa kelas awal antara lain nilai belajar yang tidak tuntas, kurang konsentrasi saat pembelajaran sehingga tugas-tugas pembelajaran tidak dikerjakan, kurang memahami perintah atau arahan guru dan soal ulangan tidak terjawab seluruhnya.Kata Kunci: Kesulitan Belajar Siswa, PAUDABSTRACT. This study aims to describe the learning difficulties of early grade students of primary school alumni of early childhood education and non-early childhood education. Researchers used a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods to gain an understanding of students' learning difficulties in the early grades. The data collection techniques used were interviews and documentation. The data collected was then analyzed using an interactive model with data analysis steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The data validity checking technique used is the credibility technique, namely, member check triangulation. The results showed that first, students who experienced learning difficulties were found in all initial classes (grades 1, 2 and 3) of 92 Kendari public elementary schools, which were identified as coming from alumni of PAUD and Non PAUD; Second, the forms of learning difficulties for early grade students include incomplete learning scores, lack of concentration during learning so that learning tasks are not done, lack of understanding of teacher orders or directions and test questions are not answered entirely.Keyword: Student Learning Difficulties, Early Childhood Education
Pengembangan Media Smart Board Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berwudhu Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Iradathia Iradathia , Kurnia Rita , Nurlita Nurlita 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan media smart board serta (2) mengetahui kelayakan dari media smart board dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan berwudhu pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di Kelurahan Pulau Karomah Kecamatan Sukajadi Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini mengadopsi model penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dari Borg dan Gall. Observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi menjadi teknik dalam pengumpulan data. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu lembar validasi yang diisi oleh ahli materi, ahli media, dan ahli pendidik. Guna mengetahui keefektifan dari media smart board yang dikembangkan maka, dilakukan uji coba terbatas terhadap 6 orang anak usia 5-6 tahun. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Media smart board dinyatakan layak untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berwduhu anak usia 5-6 tahun dengan perolehan rata-rata skor keseluruhan sebesar 3,8 kategori “Sangat Baik”. Kata Kunci: Media Smart Board, kemampuan berwudhu, dan anak usia dini
Konsep Parenting Pada Anak Usia Dini Menurut Mohammad Fauzil Adhim
Authors: Astari Winda , Sariah Sariah 
Published: July 2022

This research was motivated by mistakes of parents in educating and raising children and parents who lack of knowledge in educating early childhood. This research aimed at knowing the parenting concept for early childhood according to Mohammad Fauzil Adhim. It was a library research. The primary and secondary data were obtained from books, articles, and journals. The primary data was the works of Mohammad Fauzil Adhim. Documentation technique was used for collecting the data. The data were analyzed by reducing, presenting, verifying, and concluding. The findings of this research showed that the parenting concept for early childhood according to Mohammad Fauzil Adhim could be implemented by introducing Islamic values since early age, raising the soul, building learning attitudes, spurring creative thinking, managing words of prohibition, angering and punishing, and needed good parental attitude in providing education and caring for children from an early age.
STUDENTS’ REFLECTION ON THE EXPERIENCE IN ONLINE SCHOOL INTERNSHIP PROGRAM BASED ON EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING
Authors: Aji Gregorius Punto 
Published: July 2022

Program Pengalaman Lapangan (School Internship Program), abbreviated as PLP, is an obligatory course in the curriculum of study programs under the faculty of teachers training and education. It adopts an experiential field learning to provide comprehensive, direct, and real experiences in school. A long-term goal is set to develop professional teacher competencies. In the Covid-19 pandemic, PLP has been implemented online. This research aimed to analyse the students’ reflections on experiences in online PLP on School Environment to find out to what extent they understand the school environment, good and inspirational experiences, meaning or values that were developed by students, intentions for self-development that arouse based on the experience and reflections, obstacles faced by students and how to solve them. This research was a qualitative research. The results of the study indicated that students’ experiences in getting to know the school environment were included in the good category, students gained various good and inspirational experiences, experiences in overcoming obstacles that arose due to the pandemic, developed meaning or values, and developed intentions for self-development as a teacher candidate. Thus, the meaningful learning cycle based on experiential learning was experienced by the students participating in the online PLP.
Principios rectores del proceso penal acusatorio
Authors: Garcés Velásquez Jaime 
Published: July 2022

De entrada, es importante resaltar dos aspectos fundamentales, a efectos de que me quedenentendibles estos supuestos que van a reglar el C.P.P. en el nuevo sistema acusatorio. Partamosde la base de que el nuevo sistema acusatorio deja intactos una serie de principios rectores que se consagran aún en todos los sistemas procesales anteriores, y que postulados como el de la DIGNIDAD HUMANA, LA COSA JUZGADA, EL JUEZ NATURAL, la DOBLE INSTANCIA, etc., que ustedes estudiaron en su cátedra de Procedimiento Pena, los conserva intactos el nuevo Código de Procedimiento Penal. De ahí, que haré énfasis en aquellos que han de ser objeto de caracterización esencial en el nuevo sisten1a acusatorio de la Legislación Procesal Penal en Colombia.
La lenta agonía de la descentralización
Authors: Estrada Villa Armando 
Published: July 2022

No vive la descentralización un buen momento. Contra ella se han enfilado potentes baterías que quieren limitarla. La responsabilizan, sin razón, de ser la causante del enorme déficit fiscal de la Nación. El presidente Uribe considera que “Esa fórmula es insostenible. (la de ingresos corrientes de la Nación) Si me dicen que hay que regresar a esa fórmula yo no me siento capaz de despejar el futuro macroeconómico de la Nación en este Gobierno.” Así que de nuevo los medios de financiación de la descentralización están en discusión. Por la importancia que tiene esta iniciativa para el futuro de municipios y departamentos, es previsible que se convierta en uno de los puntos centrales del debate nacional de los próximos meses. Aunque nadie desconoce la necesidad de descentralizar y todos reconocen los logros alcanzados a partir del comienzo del proceso en 1986, los recursos que le dan viabilidad y la sostienen corren graves peligros.
Psicología, criminología y delito: una visión panorámica
Authors: Giraldo Rojas Juan David 
Published: July 2022

La explicación y comprensión de lo que se pueda considerar como origen del delito ha sido una preocupación histórica de la humanidad en la cual se ha invertido mucho esfuerzo. Esta sencilla exposición pretende abordar, desde lo conceptual, este complejo tema con el propósito de realizar algunos aportes que permitan la ubicación de sus nociones básicas y, desde allí, propiciar futuros desarrollos más claros al respecto.
Beta defensins as biomarkers: detectable in LPS-stimulated equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and normal, aseptic, and probable septic equine synovial fluid
Authors: Boger Brooke L. , Manfredi Jane M. , Yob Chelsey , Weber Patty Sue D. , Jacobs Carrie C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Diagnosis of equine septic arthritis is not straightforward, and increasing time between onset, diagnosis, and treatment can have serious consequences for quality of life. Defensins are used in diagnosis of human joint infection. The presence of beta defensins (BDs) in equine synovial fluid and their utility as a biomarker of sepsis has not been investigated; therefore, our objectives were to (1) compare in vitro gene expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated equine neutrophils to unstimulated neutrophils and (2) compare BD protein expression from normal, aseptically inflamed, and septic equine joints.

ANIMALS
5 horses for isolated neutrophil BD expression and 21 synovial fluid samples from 14 horses.

PROCEDURES
RT-qPCR analysis was performed for BD gene expression of stimulated and unstimulated equine peripheral neutrophils. BD protein expression was evaluated from equine joints with no disease, aseptic inflammation, and septic inflammation using a commercial ELISA designed for horses and analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis test (significant at P < .05).

RESULTS
A significant increase was noted in expression of BD-3 in LPS stimulated as compared to unstimulated neutrophils. There were no significant differences in BD expression noted between joints with no disease, aseptic inflammation, and septic inflammation. Low case numbers and different types of cases in the aseptic inflammation group were main limitations. BD expression patterns in samples from stimulated equine peripheral neutrophils and synovial fluid were identified.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
BDs are detectable in equine synovial fluid and can be stimulated from peripheral neutrophils. Further examination is needed to define their role as biomarkers of joint disease.
Evaluate Brick Units by Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Raouf Zain Al-Abdin , Mohammed Al-Badri Hasan Jasim , Khazal Amar Salem 
Published: July 2022

Wide laboratory search was done to evaluate brick units in single, and test the prisms built from brick unit by use ultrasonic waves in non-destructive test. The results show that the pulse velocity increases with increasing compressive strength and time of construction. From this paper we can estimate compressive strength for building unit by find the equation of the curve ,then we can estimate compressive strength for building sample, for example bricks from pulse velocity of ultrasonic waves without need destructive test.