bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Microplastics Identification in Copepods
Authors: Thery Jérémy , Bialais Capucine , Kazour Maria , Moreau Myriam , Dufour Dylan , Benali Samira , Amara Rachid , Monchy Sébastien , Raquez Jean-Marie , Souissi Sami 
Published: May 2022

This study investigates several methods to identify microplastics (MPs) of small size ranges (&lt;10 µm) in the copepod Eurytemora affinis collected in the Seine estuary (France) and identified using epifluorescence microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. In order to calibrate the methodology, copepods obtained from cultures were used. Firstly, we labelled three types of MPs (i.e., Polystyrene, Polyethylene, and Polylactic acid) with Nile Red and confirmed their ingestion by E. affinis with epifluorescence microscopy. Considering the convenient detection of Nile Red labelled MPs using epifluorescence observation, we tried to pair this method with Raman microspectroscopy. For this, we developed an enzymatic digestion method consisting of copepods digestion using Proteinase K followed by sonication in order to fragment their cuticle. The lysate was then vacuum filtered on black polycarbonate membrane filters that were the most appropriate for epifluorescence microscopy. Potential MPs were dyed with Nile Red directly on the filter, which allowed a relatively rapid visual detection. However, results showed that black polycarbonate membrane filters induced a significant background fluorescence during Raman identification of MPs and hence particles smaller than 10 µm could not be characterized. In this case, we were not able to link staining method with micro-Raman for the size range of MPs targeted in this study. Thus, aluminum oxide filters were tested, and staining method was replaced by a classical observation with stereomicroscopic magnifier to delimit areas of observation for Raman microscopic identification. Aluminum oxide filters induced less fluorescence, allowing the detection of MPs (as small as 1 µm diameter) on copepods from laboratory cultures exposed with MPs. We applied this method on copepods collected in the natural environment. Within a pool of 20 copepods of three replicates, we identified 17 MPs (average of 0.28 MPs/copepod) composed of eight different polymer types and six colors. These MPs corresponded to 59% of fibres with 14.1 ± 9.4 µm diameter and 391.6 ± 600.4 µm length along with 41% of fragments with an average diameter of 13.2 µm ± 9.5 µm. This study reports a novel approach to detect the presence of small particles of MPs ingested by copepods in the natural environment.
Toxicological Effects of Malathion at Low Dose on Wister Male Rats With Respect to Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations
Authors: Massoud Ahmed , SaadAllah Moustafa , Dahran Naief A. , Nasr Nasr Elsayed , El-Fkharany Ismael , Ahmed Mohamed S. , Alsharif Khalaf F. , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb , Derbalah Aly 
Published: May 2022

The toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides is considered a major global health problem, and the target of the toxic action of these compounds in humans and pests is the same. Malathion is the most commonly used organophosphate, and its danger lies in prolonged exposure to low doses. Based on a review of the literature, little is known about the toxicological and clinicopathological effects of low doses of malathion on animal enzyme activity, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Furthermore, the histopathological changes in the organs being studied (liver, kidney, brain, and lung) in treated rats were described. Three groups of experimental animals were created (each with eight rats): two experimental groups and one control group. The first group of rats received a dose of 5 mg/kg malathion orally for 24 h, the second received a dose of 5 mg/kg malathion for 21 days, and the third served as a control. Surprisingly, ALP, GPT, GOT, and GST enzymatic activities increased significantly in both malathion-treated groups (24 h or 21 days), while those of AChE significantly decreased. The histopathological changes were minimal and almost negligible in rats treated with malathion for 24 h. However, multiple histopathological changes were reported in rats treated with malathion for 21 days, including focal hepatocellular necrosis, chronic pyelonephritis, cerebral malaria, interstitial pneumonia, and testicular degeneration. Interestingly, there was a direct correlation between the alterations in biochemical parameters and histopathological lesions with the prolonged time of low malathion dose administration in rats. The study highlights the importance of research involving malathion’s chronic toxicity by non-lethal low concentrations of malathion to which most people and animals are exposed, whether as residues in water, air, or food.
Identification and Analysis of Industrial Land in China Based on the Point of Interest Data and Random Forest Model
Authors: He Qingsong , Tang Xinyu 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to provide a new concept and technical method for the large-scale identification of industrial land and analyze the distribution characteristics of industrial land in China. The following research methods are employed using the point of interest data and random forest model based on data accessibility, this study selected 2015 data on Wuhan and Luoyang as training samples to identify the industrial land of China. Then, the proportion of industrial land in all 334 prefecture-level cities on the Chinese mainland was calculated, and the spatial pattern was analyzed. The results show that: 1) by comparing multiple experiments and robustness analysis, the optimal parameter setting of the random forest model is obtained. According to the test of actual industrial land distribution in Wuhan city and Luoyang city, the identification of industrial land in different scale cities by random forest model is accurate and effective. 2) From the perspective of spatial patterns, industrial land shows a “large aggregation and small scattering” distribution. 3) From the perspective of spatial distribution, the proportion of industrial land in these cities shows spatial aggregation. High–high aggregation areas were mainly distributed in North and Northeast China, and low–low aggregation areas were mainly located in West China. 4) From the perspective of related factors, industrial land was close to rivers, highways, and railway stations and had a relatively low correlation with the distribution of airports. Industrial land was located within approximately 10–60 km distance from the municipal government office. In terms of the proportion of industrial land, the proportion of industrial land is higher in the cities where the industrial land was closer to railway stations. However, when the industrial land in cities was closer to four other types of related factors (waters and lakes, major highways, airports, and municipal government stations), the share of industrial land is lower. In conclusion, the method based on the point of interest data and random forest model can accurately and effectively identify large-scale industrial land.
Systemic Analysis on the Features of Immune Microenvironment Related to Prognostic Signature in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Su Kaixin , Zhou Zekun , Yi Qiao , Liu Junjie , Luo Tiao , Cui Xinyan , Zhang Haixia 
Published: May 2022

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma’s tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression, but its clinical significance remains unclear. Therefore, the TIME needs to be better understood in order to improve the response of diagnosis and therapy.Methods: The gene expression and clinical data of 569 HNSCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immune-related genes (IRGs) from the ImmPort database were used for immunotyping of HNSCC patients, and independent GEO datasets were used for subtype verification and comprehensive molecular identification.Results: The patients were divided into three subtypes (C1, C2, and C3) related to different gene expression profiles. The three subtypes showed widely different patterns in tumor genetic distortion, immune cell composition, cytokine profile, and so on, verifying that the immune-enhanced C2 subtype was associated with better prognosis. In addition, the stroma-deficient C1 subtype may be more efficient for the immune response than the C3 subtype. Furthermore, using WGCNA on the IRGs of those three subtypes, we found two C2-positive gene modules closely related to infection- and immune-associated pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database, and the two modules had 22 common pathways.Conclusion: This study improves the power for prognosis prediction and develops new therapeutic strategies to stratify HNSCC patients into clinically significant groups through TIME-related prognostic signature.
De Novo Large Deletion Leading to Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Jiraanont Poonnada , Manor Esther , Tabatadze Nazi , Zafarullah Marwa , Mendoza Guadalupe , Melikishvili Gia , Tassone Flora 
Published: May 2022

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent cause of X-linked inherited intellectual disabilities (ID) and the most frequent monogenic form of autism spectrum disorders. It is caused by an expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat located in the 5′UTR of the FMR1 gene, resulting in the absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein, FMRP. Other mechanisms such as deletions or point mutations of the FMR1 gene have been described and account for approximately 1% of individuals with FXS. Here, we report a 7-year-old boy with FXS with a de novo deletion of approximately 1.1 Mb encompassing several genes, including the FMR1 and the ASFMR1 genes, and several miRNAs, whose lack of function could result in the observed proband phenotypes. In addition, we also demonstrate that FMR4 completely overlaps with ASFMR1, and there are no sequencing differences between both transcripts (i.e., ASFMR1/FMR4 throughout the article).
Coastal Flood Modeling to Explore Adaptive Coastal Management Scenarios and Land-Use Changes Under Sea Level Rise
Authors: Louisor Jessie , Brivois Olivier , Mouillon Paloma , Maspataud Aurelie , Belz Patrice , Laloue Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2022

In a Climate Change (CC) context, low-lying areas like marshes are more vulnerable to Sea Level Rise (SLR) or extreme climate events leading to coastal flooding. The main objective of this study is to help local stakeholders determine the best coastal management strategy for the Moëze marsh (France) that can contribute to adapt to SLR in this zone. To do so, we used the MARS hydrodynamic model to simulate coastal overflowing in the zone for different scenarios. We first calibrated the model based on data from the Xynthia storm which occurred on February 28th 2010. Our focus is on modeling the high astronomical tide-induced flooding, taking into account regional SLR projections by 2030 and 2050 under the pessimistic RCP 8.5 CC scenario. Several Coastal management configurations proposed by local decision-makers, as well as different land-use projections were considered. The results highlight that the implementation of closed defenses around human and economic stakes do not lead to significant reductions in flooding (surface extent and maximum water height) compared to the case where the sea-dikes are no longer maintained and the coastline is unconstrained. This can be explained by the fact that these stake zones were historically built on higher points of the marsh. We have also shown that land-use changes have an influence on flooding in the Moëze marsh, especially an increase greater than 0.25 m in the maximum simulated height when considering a new land-use by 2030. The increase is less pronounced (under 0.25 m) when considering a new land-use by 2050. These results do not take into account the possible future evolution of the topography due, for example, to the presence of new habitats that would trap the sediments.
Revisit the Sedimentary Stratigraphic Evolution and Environmental Changes on the Outer Shelf of the East China Sea Since MIS 5
Authors: Wang Zhongbo , Yang Shouye , Tang Haiyan , Zheng Yilin , Wang Hongyue , Zhang Zhixun , Zhang Yong , Mei Xi , Wang Qiang , Lai Zhongping 
Published: May 2022

The East China Sea (ECS) is featured by the broad continental shelf, huge terrigenous sediment input and striking river-sea interaction during the Quaternary. Despite the numerous studies, mostly on the delta, coastal and inner shelf areas, the late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentary environment on the mid-outer ECS shelf were poorly documented. In particular, it is still controversial in issues such as the recognition of marine transgression deposits in the interglacial period and the occurrence and ages of deposits in the glacial period. This study presents new data of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and collective evidences from lithology, microfossil assemblages and geochronology of borehole SFK-1 on the ECS outer shelf, aiming to revisit the sedimentary stratigraphic evolution and environmental changes since the Marine Isotopic Stage 5 (MIS 5). Sixty-one ages were obtained by radiocarbon and Optical Stimulation Luminescence (OSL), providing robust constraints on the chronostratigraphy. Three marine regression/transgression cycles were identified, which primarily constrained the sedimentary environmental evolution over the past 100 kyrs. Although the strong river-sea interaction accompanied with sea level fluctuations characterized the late Quaternary depositional environment on the shelf, this study clearly identified the stratigraphic boundaries between MIS 1 and MIS 5, and confirmed the tide-influenced fluvial deposition formed during the Last Glacial Maximum on the outer shelf. We infer that tidal forcing significantly superimposed its influence on sea level change and thus formed the most striking feature on the late Quaternary stratigraphy of the open ECS shelf. With the combination of a large number of absolute depositional ages with high-resolution core records, the major findings of this study may allow better understanding of the Quaternary sedimentary evolution and river-sea interaction on open shelves dominated by siliciclastic sedimentation.
Case Report: Anesthetic Management of Cesarean Section in a Patient With Paraplegia
Authors: Su Yongchun , Lei Xiaofeng , Yu Jin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundWith the advancement of medical science and rehabilitative care, more women with spinal cord injury (SCI) can conceive. However, autonomic hyperreflexia due to SCI complicates anesthesia management during cesarean sections.Case PresentationThis study reports the anesthesia management in a woman with paraplegia with a T6 SCI lesion who underwent a cesarean section. It also reviews the anesthesia strategies used in other studies. Spinal anesthesia with a low concentration of ropivacaine was administered along with dexmedetomidine for sedation. Stable hemodynamics were achieved without complications.ConclusionsBased on the reported case and literature review, we conclude that the intrathecal block is the preferred choice for women with paraplegia who require cesarean section if the lumbar bone structure allows puncture attempts.
Evaluation of the Effects on Uninfected Pregnant Women and Their Pregnancy Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Beijing, China
Authors: Hao Chongyi , Jin Feng , Hao Chanjuan , Zhang Xiaofen , Xie Limin , Zhang Yawei , Liu Xuanshi , Ni Xin , Li Wei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPeople's lifestyles may have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have a profound impact on pregnant women and newborns. This study aims to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on uninfected pregnant women and their newborns, including potential environmental factors.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the pregnancy complications of 802 cases in the pandemic group and 802 controls in the pre-pandemic group in a matched nested case-control study, and evaluated the association with sociodemographic features, lifestyles, and other factors in 311 pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsCompared to the pre-pandemic group, the rates of anemia, vaginitis, shoulder dystocia, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth were increased in the pandemic group. After controlling for the covariates, we observed a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the pandemic group. Pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes had an increased rate of anemia and vaginal candidiasis.ConclusionCOVID-19 pandemic has profound effects on adverse pregnancy outcomes, suggesting the importance of ensuring regular prenatal checkups and keeping a healthy lifestyle.
Sex-Specific Causes and Consequences of White Matter Damage in a Middle-Aged Cohort
Authors: Bonberg Nadine , Wulms Niklas , Dehghan-Nayyeri Mahboobeh , Berger Klaus , Minnerup Heike 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate potential sex-specific effects of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on white matter pathology in normal aging men and women, as well as potential sex-differences in the association of white matter pathology and cognitive functions.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data of 581 participants (median age: 53 years, 54% women) of the population-based cohort of the BiDirect Study who completed clinical examinations, five neuropsychological tests, and an 3T MRI examination. White matter pathology was determined by the extent of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on FLAIR images as well as the magnitude of global fractional anisotropy (FA) based on diffusion tensor imaging. Main effects, interaction as well as sex-stratified generalized linear regression models were used to evaluate the moderating effect of sex on the association of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and obesity with WMH and FA, respectively. Associations of imaging markers with cognitive test results were determined with linear regression models.ResultsHypertension showed stronger associations with more extensive WMH and less FA in women compared to men. Current smoking was associated with more severe WMH in women only. Adjusted for age and education, WMH were not significantly associated with cognitive tests, but higher FA was associated with better performance in motor function in both sexes and with executive functions in men, even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionWe observed a stronger association of hypertension and smoking with white matter damage in women, suggesting a higher susceptibility for vascular pathology in women. However, there was no association of WMH with cognition, and FA was associated with executive function tests only in men, suggesting a higher cognitive reserve in women.
Multi-Concept Frailty Predicts the Late-Life Occurrence of Cognitive Decline or Dementia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Guo Chun-Yan , Sun Zhen , Tan Chen-Chen , Tan Lan , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundFrailty is a multidimensional syndrome that increases an individual’s vulnerability for developing adverse health outcomes, which include dementia. It might serve as a promising target for dementia prevention. However, there are currently no studies summarizing the association between multi-concept frailty and the risk of cognitive disorders. This study aims to summarize the evidence of associations between multi-concept frailty and cognitive disorders based on longitudinal studies.MethodsScopus, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to January 2, 2022. Longitudinal studies, which explored the association of frailty with incident risk of cognitive decline or dementia, were included. The multivariable-adjusted effect estimates were pooled by random-effects models. The evidence credibility was depicted according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method.ResultsA total of 30 longitudinal studies were included. Four types of frailty concepts were involved, including physical, cognitive, social, and biopsychosocial frailty. The meta-analysis comprised 20 studies of 252,571 older adults (mean age: 64.1–80.4 years), among whom 7,388 participants developed cognitive decline or dementia. Physical frailty was associated with higher risk of developing cognitive disorders [pooled relative risk (pRR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–1.80, I2 = 21.2%, pRR = 1.62 for cognitive decline, 95% CI: 1.07–2.45, I2 = 40.2%, pRR = 1.37 for all-cause dementia (ACD), 95% CI: 1.13–1.66, I2 = 0.0%]. Cognitive frailty (pRR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.28–6.55, I2 = 78.1%) and pre-frailty (pRR = 4.24, 95% CI: 2.74–6.56, I2 = 30.2%) were linked to higher risk of ACD. Biopsychosocial frailty could predict a 41% (pRR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17–1.71) elevated risk of cognitive decline or dementia [pRR = 1.53 (95% CI: 1.19–1.96) for ACD and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05–1.17) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)]. In the systematic review, social frailty was associated with a 53% higher risk of AD. Preventing frailty could avoid a maximum of 9.9% cognitive disorders globally. The overall evidence strength is rated as low-to-moderate. Inconsistency and imprecision are major sources of bias.ConclusionFrailty in late life is a promising risk factor for cognitive disorders. Frail elderly should be monitored for their cognitive dynamics and initiate early prevention of dementia.Systematic Review Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier CRD4202127 3434.