bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with singleness
Authors: Shahrak Shakiba Pourasad , Brand Serge , Taghizadeh Ziba 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The number of never-married women is increasing worldwide. According to a recent census (2016) this trend is also apparent in Iran. The aim of the present study was to investigate how never-married Iranian women to cope with their single status.Methods: The present study was qualitative in nature. Purposeful sampling with maximum variation was used to select 18 never-married women aged over 35. Data were analyzed on the basis of conventional content analysis and inductive reasoning. Results: 154 codes, nine subcategories, three categories, and one theme were extracted. The three categories were: (1) responding to sexual needs (sub-categories: having sex; masturbation; sexual abstinence); (2) responding to emotional needs (sub-categories: getting used to being alone; living with family; closer relationship with good friends); (3) lifestyle changes (subcategories: accepting God's destiny; striving for beauty and health; becoming absorbed in work and education).Conclusions: Results showed that never-married women aged over 35 tried to adapt to sexual and emotional needs and lifestyle changes as proxies of singleness in various ways. It appears that these women adopted several strategies to cope with the lack of a spouse, children, or family life, these normally being developmental tasks characteristic of early adulthood.
Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Aloe vera
Authors: Jangra Alka , Chaturvedi Siddhant , Sharma Garima , Sihag Sonia , Tiwari Siddharth , Chhokar Vinod 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Genetic transformation of plants has emerged as a core research tool for functional characterization of genes and cultivar improvement in the field of plant biology. Effectually high transformation efficiency is a prerequisite for accomplishing the stated targets. Aloe vera, a tropical cactus plant in distinction to the family Liliaceae, has seized a long history of secular acceptance as a therapeutic agent and is reasonably the most popular herbal remedy these days. However, the genetic transformation of Aloe vera is relatively low and seldom reported formerly. This study aims to optimize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Aloe vera by refining several parameters like explant selection, the extent of explant injury during infection, Agrobacterium concentration, co-cultivation pH, and duration and desiccation of plant tissue to improve the infection efficiency. The results showed that an infection efficiency of about 92% was attained by suspending the Agrobacterium cells at a concentration of OD600: 0.4 in co-cultivation media at pH-5.6 to infect the shoot base of aloe by desiccation followed by 3 days of co-cultivation. Desiccation during infection had proved to enhance T-DNA delivery, whereas a higher extent of explant injury was found to curtail the infection efficiency. Thereupon, GUS Histochemical assay, PCR analysis, and Southern blotting were used to substantiate the authentication of positive transgenic plants and analyze the copy number of the nptII gene in the Aloe vera genome. Transformation efficiency of over 7% was obtained, which is higher than the previous reports. This study bestows an improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol based on desiccation in Aloe vera, which might help in facilitating various gene expression studies and regulation in the aloe plant, eventually allowing the modification of aloe species in an effective medicinal manner.
A Case Study of a School Child with Emotional and Behavior Problems treated using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Sana Fatima , Subhan Sara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Feeling is something that makes one’s thought patterns. If the feelings are like I am not good enough, I am not perfect, and I am tired of feeling inadequate, then it’s time to think why someone is treating oneself like substandard and finds a way to modify this unconstructive thinking. And for modification of thinking, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has been effectively used by revolving around A-B-A design model. The current case study of N.P. 12 years old girl with unconstructive thought patterns (such as felt inferior among class fellows and aggravated of sarcastic comments of class teacher). Counselling therapy consisted of 8 sessions. Psychological Assessment revealed that revealed that the academic performance of the child was moderate, severe emotional and behavior problems as well as overall counselling and interventional plan revealed that reduction in the intensity of emotional and behavioral symptoms throughout the course of counselling therapy. This case study exhibits the effectiveness of CBT for individual treatment of unconstructive thought patterns.
Electric field enhancement of coupled Plasmonic nanostructure for optical amplification
Authors: Kim Jun Hyun , Lee Ja Yeon , Kim Eung Soo , Jeong Myung Yung 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, proposed plasmonic nanostructure is designed to increase the spatial resolution of optical imaging system by amplifying a specific signal while producing a plasmonic effect via a nanoantenna and grating nanostructure. We utilized antenna theory and grating structure to enable the surface plasmon effect and coupling electric field to be focused center of unit cell and enhance the optical signal of 785 nm wavelength. We confirmed that a proposed plasmonic nanostructure can be used to enhance electric fields in specific angle of incident light, 30° and attain a far-field gain of 1137, enabling a more finely resolved optical signal to be obtained. In experiment, the proposed plasmonic nanostructure was confirmed to enhance optical signal of laser by 2.24 times and also confirmed enhancing electric field using AFM. Moreover, when applied in functional near-infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging systems, it was confirmed that an indistinguishable signal can be distinguished by amplifying the optical signal 76 times, and a specific wavelength can also be enhanced. Accordingly, the incorporation of these nanostructures should increase the utility of the collected data and enhance optical signals for applications in optics, bioimaging, and biology.
Angiogenesis-Related Gene in Cervical Cancer Identifies Tumor Microenvironment and Expression Signatures Predicting Prognosis
Authors: Li Zixin , Zhang Ying , Pei Jiaqiao , Xu Zhe , Chen Huixin , Huang Yingying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The prognosis for advanced and recurrent metastatic cervical cancer is poor. Angiogenesis plays a vital role in tumor development and the tumor microenvironment (TME).Methods: We performed a consensus clustering analysis of RNA-seq data based on ARG for CESC patients downloaded from TCGA. Then we analyzed the characteristics, prognosis, and immune infiltration status among the subtypes. Then we constructed predictive models and ARGscore. And we explored the relationship between ARG scores and prognosis, TME, and immunotherapy correlation.Results: We found that most ARG expression was upregulated in CESC compared to normal samples and clarified the mutation of ARG in CESC. We divided the 290 CESC patients into 2 ARG clusters by consensus clustering. We observed significant differences in their survival and immune infiltration status. Subsequently, ARGscore that can predict prognosis was established. We found that the high-risk group predicted a poorer prognosis. We have verified that ARG scores have good accuracy. At the same time, we confirmed that ARG scores were closely related to TME. A reliable nomogram was developed to facilitate the clinical competence of ARG scores. In addition, we explored the relationship between ARG scores and TMB and found no correlation. However, the prognosis of the high-TMB group was better than that of the low-TMB group, and the ARGscore could offset the advantage. The TIDE score validated the possibility that ARG scores predict immunotherapy.Conclusion: With this study, we obtained an ARG score based on the ARG established to assess the TME status and prognostic risk of patients and provide a basis for immunotherapy.
Enhancing Medical Students’ confidence and performance in Integrated Structured Clinical Examinations (ISCE) through a novel near-peer, mixed model approach during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baskaran Ravanth , Mukhopadhyay Srinjay , Ganesananthan Sashiananthan , Gamage Movin Peramuna , Dalavaye Nishaanth , Ng Vincent , Bennett Richard , Sriniva Sripradha , Sureshkumarnair Parvathy , Spencer Robert , Bhatt Harsh , Manivannan Susruta , Zaben Malik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDue to the reduced clinical exposure because of the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a mentorship scheme to help medical students with their Integrated Structured Clinical Examinations (ISCEs) by providing a combination of near-peer mentorship together with lecture-based teaching on a weekly basis for a 12-week period. Students attended a specialty-focused lecture every Tuesday followed by a small group teaching session organised by their tutor.MethodsStudents' perceptions of ISCEs (confidence, anxiety, and overall performance) were evaluated using 5-point Likert scales while their knowledge of the specialty was assessed using 10 single best answer questions which were distributed via Google® forms at the start and end of each week. In addition, we assessed tutor perceptions of our virtual “OSCEazy” programme.Results72 tutees were enrolled in the programme (mean age: 24.4, female: 77.8%). 88.9% of the participants had not attended any online ISCE teaching prior to this. They preferred in-person ISCE teaching as compared to virtual sessions [median 4.5 (IQR 4-5) vs 3 (IQR 3-4), p<0.0001), respectively]. There was a significant overall increase in knowledge when comparing pre-session and post-session performance [mean 53.7% vs 70.7%, p<0.0001)]. There was a significant increase in student confidence [Confidence: median 3 (IQR:3-4) vs 4 (IQR 3-4), p<0.0001] while no change was seen in the anxiety and perception of their overall performance in an ISCE. [Anxiety: median 3 (IQR 2-4) vs 3 (IQR 3-4), p=0.37, Performance: median 3 (IQR 3-4) vs median 3 (IQR 3-4), p<0.0001]. The tutors reported an increase in their confidence in teaching ISCEs online [median 3 (IQR 2-3.25) vs median 4 (IQR 4-5), p<0.0001)].ConclusionOnline near-peer teaching increases the confidence of both tutees and tutors involved while enhancing the tutees’ knowledge of the specialty. Thus, medical schools should incorporate near-peer teaching in their curriculum to enhance the student learning experience.
Short and Long-Term Follow-Up and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Celiac Disease in a Large Private Practice Setting
Authors: Khurana Akash , Leffler Daniel A. , Gomez Kayeromi , Thukral Chandrashekhar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Celiac disease (CD) is caused by an immune response to gluten and treatment is adherence to a gluten-free diet. Guidelines from studies in large academic settings recommend registered dietitian (RD) referrals at time of diagnosis and periodic testing for micronutrient deficiencies. There is limited data to guide follow-up parameters in a large, community-based practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate guideline adherence in this setting.
Methods
This retrospective study assessed CD care based on follow-up rates, micronutrient testing, symptoms, and serology results in cohorts with and without RD referrals. Patients in this study are followed at Rockford Gastroenterology Associates (RGA): a large, private GI practice. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis from 1/2014 through 12/2018, based on positive serology and/or duodenal biopsy. Patient data was collected by chart review and analyzed through Microsoft Excel. Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis.
Results
A cohort of 126 patients met inclusion criteria. 69.8% had a RD referral. 65.9% had at least one lab test order for any of the 6 micronutrients. Of 63 patients tested for iron, 11 were iron deficient (8 with RD referral). Of 64 patients tested for vitamin D, 21 were deficient (17 with referral). 80.2% attended at least one follow-up appointment, but 34.9% had only one follow-up visit over a mean follow up duration of 5.82 months. 79 patients had follow-up data for symptoms or serology and were separated into 4 categories (with vs without RD referral): 1) asymptomatic and negative serology (32% vs 26%), 2) symptomatic and negative serology (28% vs 16%), 3) asymptomatic and positive serology (27% vs 32%), 4) symptomatic and positive serology (13% vs 26%). Category 1 yielded a fisher exact test value of 2.62 (p = .466).
Conclusions
RD referral, micronutrient testing, and close follow-up are important parameters that affect outcomes in patients with CD. Rates for dietitian referral, some micronutrient testing and follow-up visits were higher than 50%, though results from this study were not statistically significant. Further standardization of follow-up testing and monitoring for CD will help minimize discrepancies between community-based and large, academic GI practices.
Factors influencing the assembly of understory woody communities in Pinus massoniana plantations in Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jian Rui , Ma Jiangming , Pan Xiaomei , Huang Liuxin , Bai Kundong , Mo Yanhua , Yang Zhangqi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study of community assembly, or the non-random process of species coming together, can reveal mechanisms that allow species to coexist and maintain their diversity. To investigate the community-building mechanisms behind the assembly of woody plant communities in Pinus massoniana plantations, we found plantations existing in three different climates (northern tropic, central subtropic, and southern subtropic) and at three different successional stages (young, middle-aged, and old-growth) in Guangxi, China. Using field community surveys and sampling, we collected, named, and analyzed a variety of woody plant species, and measured their functional using leaf thickness (LT), tissue density (LTD), area (LA), specific area (SLA), dry matter content (LDMC), nitrogen content per unit mass (LNCmass), potassium content per unit mass (LKCmass), and several other indicators. Using these communities’ functional traits and computer models that generated their likely phylogeny, we were able to elucidate what forces may have driven the development of community-building mechanisms communities in their various climates and successional stages. We found: 1) The functional traits LT, LTD, SLA, LDMC, LNCmass, and LKCmass were likely phylogenetically conserved, while the other traits we measured likely were not. 2) When we based communities’ structures on their functional traits, they were generally consistent their phylogenetic structure in southern and central subtropical plantations, middle-aged plantations in northern tropics and central subtropics, and old-growth plantations in northern tropics. In these communities, their assembly was driven by habitat filtering. 3) Communities in middle-aged and old-growth plantations in southern subtropical Guangxi had functional traits inconsistent with their phylogeny: while their functional traits indicated a tendency to aggregate, their phylogeny indicated a shift from aggregation to dispersion. In these communities, their assembly was driven by habitat filtering and similarity limitation. This information can then be used to enhance the function of ecosystem services and protect biodiversity of communities in Pinus massoniana plantations through tropic and subtropic China.
ATF3 Preserves Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence by Preventing Precocious Activation
Authors: Zhang Suyang , Huang Yile , Yang Feng , He Liangqiang , Li Yuying , Wan Yi Ching Esther , Ding Yingzhe , Chan Kui ming , Xie Ting , Sun Hao , Wang Huating 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (also called satellite cells, SCs) are important for maintaining muscle tissue homeostasis and damage-induced regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood how the SC quiescence is preserved. Here we report that AP-1 family member ATF3 preserves the SC quiescence by preventing their premature activation. Atf3 is rapidly and transiently induced in SCs upon activation. Short-term deletion of Atf3 in SCs accelerates acute injury-induced regeneration, and however, its long-term deletion exhausts the SC pool and thus impairs muscle regeneration. The Atf3 loss also provokes SC activation during voluntary exercise and enhances SC activation during resistance exercise. Mechanistically, ATF3 directly activates the transcription of Histone 2B genes, which reduction accelerates nucleosome displacement and gene transcription required for SC activation. Finally, the ATF3-dependent H2B expression also prevents genome instability and replicative senescence in SCs. Therefore, this study has revealed a novel mechanism for preserving the SC population by actively suppressing precocious activation, in which ATF3 is a key regulator.
Covid Face Mask Detection Using Neural Networks
Authors: Yadav Rajaram , Gautam Safal , Das Rahul Ratna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It has often been attributed that face masks can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Many scientists argue that it prevents virus-carrying droplets from reaching other hosts (people) while coughing and sneezing. This helps break the chain of spread. However, people do not like to cover their face with a proper face mask and some of them do not know how to wear it properly. Checking it manually for a large group of people, especially at a crowded place like a train station, theater, classroom or an airport, can be time-consuming and expensive. Also, people can be biased and gullible. Therefore, an automated, accurate and reliable system is required for the task. To train the system adequately, lots of data is required: images. The system should recognize if a person is not wearing a face mask at all, wearing it improperly or if the one is wearing it properly. In this paper, we are using MobileNetv2, which is a convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture, to build such a face mask detection/recognition model. The developed model can classify people who are wearing masks, not properly wearing and not wearing it with an accuracy of 97.25 percent.
Genetic Variation and Phylogenetic relationships of Commercial Pigs and Indigenous Pigs in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oluwole Olufunke Oliuwakemi , Edward Okoth , Adeola Charles A. , Ogugo Moses 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examined genetic variations among indigenous and commercial pigs in Southwestern Nigeria. Sixty (60) individuals including Nigerian indigenous pigs (NIP) (n = 25), exotic (n = 25), and crosses between the exotic pigs (n = 10) were genotyped based on eight microsatellite markers. The mean number of alleles (Na) observed in the overall population of the three populations was 3.63 ± 0.36. Allele frequency ranged from 0.00 to 1.00 from the 39 alleles obtained within the population. Other allele frequency results obtained from the interpretation for the microsatellite loci across the three populations were polymorphic except for S0101 that was monomorphic. The mean number of effective allele (Ne) was 2.22 ± 0.17. The means obtained in this study for heterozygosities (Ho and He) were 0.529 and 0.501 respectively and the F-statistics showed the reduction in heterozygosity at various loci across the population studied i.e FIS and FIT. The mean values for FIS and FIT were − 0.06 ± 0.08 and − 0.02 ± 0.08, respectively. The mean level of gene flow (Nm) among the population was estimated to be 9.18 ± 3.59. The pairwise FST values among the three populations ranged from 0.02 to 0.04. The very low genetic differentiation between NIP and other populations reflects high gene flow. Molecular variance analysis revealed that there were 2% variance among the populations, 48% among the individual and 51% within the populations, with estimated variance of 0.04, 1.24 and 1.31 respectively. The phylogenetic tree separated the NIP from the remaining two populations while the exotic and the crosses clustered closely. This study revealed that genomes of pure indigenous pigs in Southwestern Nigeria are threatened by genetic erosion and recommend quick actions for sustainable conservation strategies.
Muscle Synergies In Joystick Manipulate Task : Evaluation Of Inter-Group Variability
Authors: Cai Liming , Yan Shuhao , Zhu Jun , Chen Li , Ma Xin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Recently, The muscle synergy extractioned from surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals during exercise has become a common method for evaluating motor control strategies. Many studies have described the synergy of the upper extremity in various stretch and reach tasks, but few of them have analyzed the relationship between task performance together and muscle synergy. The aim of this study was to explore the activation and movement patterns of human muscles and provide theoretical support for sports science and scientific training methods .Method: Three control groups were selected: group A (professional pilot), group B (with Short flight experience) and group C (without flight experience) . All subjects perfomed the the isotonic task with the same load , the EMG and acceleration information of 10 muscles of the upper limbs were recorded. The muscle synergy effect was extracted, and the correlation between muscle synergy similarity and manipulation performance was studied.Results: Experiments and data show that:1.the structure of muscle synergy from expert group is not statistically different from that of the other two groups.2, the operation performance of the second expert group is significantly different from that of the other two groups. 3.The correlation between the muscle coordination and the operation performance of expert group is more obvious than that of the other two groups.Discussion: These findings suggest that long-term trainning can improve the performance of manipulation, although they will not alter the structure of muscle synergy, but will change the similarity of muscle synergy. The similarity of muscle synergy is negatively correlated with the error energy of operation.
Comparison of THD with different modulation approaches and Loss Analysis in 7 Switch ASCHB15-MLI using Fluke-434 PQ Analyzer
Authors: Sathyanathan P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Multilevel inverter (MLI) has drawn significant interest from both academics and industrial applications. This paper proposes an asymmetric type seven switch and three unequal dc source topologies with a fifteen-level staircase / stepped output. Developing a stepped sinusoidal waveform output while reducing switch count and switch stress remains a challenge in the Multilevel Inverter research area. The main focus is to reduce THD in the o/p voltage, which reduces filter requirement and increases efficiency. Different Pulse Width Modulation Strategies are investigated for the control of pulses in switching. To validate the results, simulations in MATLAB and hardware implementations of the proposed fifteen-level inverter topology under load conditions are presented.