bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-291 Examining Executive Function Profiles with the NIH Toolbox in an ADHD Sample
Authors: Schaefer Amber N , Bertola-Rumeli Leandro , Capielo-Rosario Cristalis , Nicholls Christopher J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Factor analysis of executive functions has identified three primary skills involving inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility (Miyake & Friedman, 2012). Processing speed, while not typically thought of as an executive function, contributes to cognitive proficiency. The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NTCB) endeavors to capture these dimensions through its incorporation of subtests purported to measure these skills. The current study examines latent profiles of executive functioning in an ADHD sample.
Method: Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify clusters based on NTCB measures within a sample of 176 participants diagnosed with ADHD (65.3% male; Mage= 12.06). Analytics were performed using MPlus statistical software, with missing data being accounted for using full information likelihood estimation (FIML). Model selection was based on the number of fit indices and criteria (Nylund et al., 2013).
Results: A three-profile model was deemed best fit based on the lowest BIC (6820.64) and a Vuong-Lo p-value of .004. Results also indicated adequate entropy (.78). Participants were subcategorized as 80 with reduced attention and inhibitory control scores (Flanker and Dimensional Card Sort), 60 with reduced working memory and processing speed scores (List Sorting and Pattern Comparison), and 36 with the highest working memory and processing speed.
Conclusion: Subtyping ADHD with objective data may better capture symptom variability than the current classification system, thereby lending itself to more targeted treatment plans.
A-294 Mind-Wandering in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Exploratory Multi-Case Study
Authors: Cap Caitlyn J , Canella Rachel M , Armstrong Sharon L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Executive dysfunction has become a recent topic of interest in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to proposed contributions to functional impairments and decreased quality of life. Executive function in ASD is not conclusive; thus, a novel performance measure to explore a constellation of executive function subsets is mind-wandering. This multi-case study aimed to explore mind-wandering through the executive failure hypothesis and the meta-awareness hypothesis with autistic teens and young adults.
Methods: Six autistic individuals with intact intellectual functioning were extensively investigated using a sustained attention task, thought probes, open-ended interviews, and retrospective trait questionnaires. Inclusion criteria included an FSIQ &gt; 80 on either the WISC-V or WAIS-IV. Executive function was measured using the DKEFS Verbal Fluency subtest. Retrospective trait questionnaires included: Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind-Wandering Scales, and Mind Excessively Wandering Scale.
Results: Responses revealed that the sampled autistic individuals engaged in a variety of task-related, task-unrelated, intentional, unintentional, directed, and undirected mind-wandering events, both with and without awareness. Notably, autistic individuals in this sample reported engaging in intentional mind-wandering without awareness as well as unintentional mind-wandering despite exceptional executive functioning, raising questions about the validity of the executive failure and meta-awareness hypotheses in ASD.
Conclusion: Overall, despite underlying difficulties in executive control and meta-awareness, autistic individuals in this multi-case study successfully reported on their own experience of thought and were able to exert control over their own thinking. As such, future research should further explore how extent of mind-wandering ability may relate to cognitive-based interventions as well as diagnostic differentials within ASD.
A-296 Meta-Prospective Memory Accuracy in Healthy Older Adults and Older Adults with Suspected Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Rural Setting
Authors: Huber Becca N , Fulton Erika K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study examined if the relationship between generalized appraisals and task-specific appraisals of one’s prospective memory (PM) and actual PM performance (i.e., meta-PM accuracy) differed between healthy and suspected mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) older adults.
Method: 50 healthy and 30 sMCI older adults were recruited from a rural community and outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Data collected included self-reported appraisals and task-specific predictions/postdictions of PM performance, objective PM performance, and executive functioning (EF) measures.
Results: The sMCI group had significantly lower scores on objective PM tasks (t = 5.13, p&lt;.001), as well as EF measures related to simple (t = -3.72, p&lt;.001) and complex task-switching (t = 4.82, p&lt;.001). Moreover, sMCI participants displayed higher task-specific meta-PM inaccuracies compared to the healthy group (t = -3.72, p &lt; .001), but displayed relatively equivalent generalized meta-PM (Z = 1.58, p = .11). Notably, the sMCI group’s task-specific inaccuracies became non-significant compared to the healthy group on the final long-term PM tasks (item 3: t = -1.64, p = .11; item 4: t = -0.66, p = .51) after exposure to metacognitive reflection on the first PM tasks. Despite lower scores on EF measures and more inaccurate task-specific meta-PM, EF performance did not explain task-specific meta-PM differences between groups beyond neurocognitive status, utilizing hierarchical regression.
Conclusions: Using these data, sMCI patients may be better assisted by metacognitive calibration strategies, EF protocols, and the implementation of general compensatory memory strategies as targets for early intervention and prevention of neurocognitive decline.
A-300 Differences in MMPI-2 scores for Individuals with and without Acquired Brain Injuries
Authors: Nunez Christina , Heavens Brittany , Tchienga Ines , Stafford Claire , Herndon Hayley , Golden Charles 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare personality features as measured by the MMPI-2 for individuals with and without acquired brain injuries.
Methods: Participants were selected from a de-identified clinical database. Thirty-seven (Mage=41.07, Medu=13.05, 59.5% white, and 61.9% male) individuals were identified as having an acquired brain injury and 377 (Mage=32.69, Medu=13.71, 50.2% white, and 56.7% female) did not but had other diagnosis. Significant differences between groups existed for age, education, and gender. An ANCOVA was utilized to test the difference in endorsement of symptoms between individual with and without acquired brain injuries controlling for the significant covariates.
Results: Of the ten clinical scales on the MMPI-2, only hypomania (Scale 9) was significantly different between the two groups F(1,412)=7.074, p=.008 with the group with the acquired brain injuries endorsing more hypomanic symptoms than the non-acquired brain injury group.
Conclusions: The non-acquired brain injury group fell within the normal range while the individuals in the acquired brain injury group experienced moderate elevation of hypomania. This suggest that individuals in the acquired brain injury group may find themselves experiencing restrictions, agitation, and dissatisfaction on their activity level secondary to the brain injury. Implications for these findings suggest that individuals with acquired brain injuries may benefit from some form of acceptance therapy following the injury as well as continued monitoring of symptoms. Limitation to this study include lack of specificity to the type, timing since incident, and location of the acquired brain injury; limited number of individuals with acquired brain injuries; and lack of diversity within the sample.
A-306 MoCA-22: Criterion Validity and Classification Accuracy of the MoCA’s Auditory Items
Authors: Lord Alinda , González David , Sabet Atash 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Our research aims to evaluate criterion validity of the auditory Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-22; also disseminated as telephone-MoCA and MoCA-blind) when compared to individuals with and without vision impairment and of different dementia syndromal stages. Additionally, we explore the classification accuracy of MoCA-22 in distinguishing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from unimpaired cognition and mild-to-moderate dementia from MCI.
Methods: The National Alzheimer’s Coordinated Center database included 11,284 participants who completed a portion of the MoCA during their first visit to an Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center. Participants were mostly women (57.64%), self-identified as White (77.98%), were older adults (M age=69.22), and college educated (M education years=15.89). Dementia stages included: unimpaired (43.73%), MCI (40.99%), and mild-to-moderate dementia (14.87%) with 71.7% having some visual impairment and 2.8% not benefitting from lenses. ANOVAs and t-tests were used to evaluate criterion validity. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were investigated for diagnostic accuracy.
Results: The visually mediated MoCA items had larger differences among those with and without visual impairment compared to the MoCA-22. There were also strong differences across the dementia syndromal stages which carried over to strong classification accuracy in distinguishing MCI from normal cognition (AUC = .79), and mild-to-moderate dementia from MCI (AUC = .85).
Conclusions: These findings add to the evidence of the MoCA-22’s utility for visual impaired individuals who otherwise cannot complete the full version of the MoCA. The MoCA-22 serves as a useful cognitive screening tool in differentiating between cognitive severities.
Morin improves dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by modulating atrophy-related genes and oxidative stress in female mice
Authors: Ulla Anayt , Osaki Kanae , Rahman Md Mizanur , Nakao Reiko , Uchida Takayuki , Maru Isafumi , Mawatari Kazuaki , Fukawa Tomoya , Kanayama Hiro-Omi , Sakakibara Iori , Hirasaka Katsuya , Nikawa Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of morin, a flavonoid, on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C57BL/6J female mice. Dexamethasone (10 mg/kg body weight) for 10 days significantly reduced body weight, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscle mass, and muscle protein in mice. Dexamethasone significantly upregulated muscle atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligases, including atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, and the upstream transcription factors FoxO3a and Klf15. Additionally, dexamethasone significantly induced the expression of oxidative stress-sensitive ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and the accumulation of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and advanced protein oxidation products in both the plasma and skeletal muscle samples. Intriguingly, morin treatment (20 mg/kg body weight) for 17 days effectively attenuated the loss of muscle mass and muscle protein and suppressed the expression of ubiquitin ligases while reducing the expression of upstream transcriptional factors. Therefore, morin might act as a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate muscle atrophy by modulating atrophy-inducing genes and preventing oxidative stress.
Fec: a fast error correction method based on two-rounds overlapping and caching
Authors: Zhang Jun , Nie Fan , Huang Neng , Ni Peng , Luo Feng , Wang Jianxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract The third-generation sequencing technology has advanced genome analysis with long-read length, but the reads need error correction due to the high error rate. Error correction is a time-consuming process especially when the sequencing coverage is high. Generally, for a pair of overlapping reads A and B, the existing error correction methods perform a base-level alignment from B to A when correcting the read A. And another base-level alignment from A to B is performed when correcting the read B. However, based on our observation, the base-level alignment information can be reused. In this article, we present a fast error correction tool Fec, using two-rounds overlapping and caching. Fec can be used independently or as an error correction step in an assembly pipeline. In the first round, Fec uses a large window size (20) to quickly find enough overlaps to correct most of the reads. In the second round, a small window size (5) is used to find more overlaps for the reads with insufficient overlaps in the first round. When performing base-level alignment, Fec searches the cache first. If the alignment exists in the cache, Fec takes this alignment out and deduces the second alignment from it. Otherwise, Fec performs base-level alignment and stores the alignment in the cache. We test Fec on nine datasets, and the results show that Fec has 1.24–38.56 times speed-up compared to MECAT, CANU and MINICNS on five PacBio datasets and 1.16–27.8 times speed-up compared to NECAT and CANU on four nanopore datasets.Availability and implementationFec is available at https://github.com/zhangjuncsu/Fec.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Immune mechanisms induced by sublingual immunotherapy in allergic respiratory diseases
Authors: Gazi Umut , Bahceciler Nerin Nadir 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAllergic respiratory diseases (ARDs) are still a major burden on global public health. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a mode of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) which involves administration of the allergen under the tongue, and benefits from tolerogenic properties of the oral mucosa. Studies revealed reduced levels of eosinophilia and eosinophil-dominated inflammation in airways of both animals and humans after SLIT. SLIT was also suggested to lower basophil responsiveness and innate lymphoid cell-2 function in blood samples collected from patients with ARD. Moreover, apart from shifting pathogenic type 2 (TH2) to a type 1 (TH1) and protective regulatory (Treg) polarization of helper T-cell immune response, antibody isotype switch from IgE to IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 and IgA was also reported in patients with ARD receiving SLIT. Today, the literature on SLIT-mediated activities is still scarce and more studies are required to further enlighten the mechanisms utilized by SLIT for the induction of tolerance. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the immune-regulatory mechanisms induced by SLIT against ARDs.
The future of the corporate office? Emerging trends in the post-Covid city
Authors: Fiorentino Stefania , Livingstone Nicola , McAllister Pat , Cooke Howard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Part of an ongoing longitudinal study, this article provides evidence on the emerging impacts of Covid-19 on the demand for, configuration and role of offices in cities, drawing on primary data from semi-structured interviews with UK-based corporate real estate managers. The research is grounded on a ‘theory of change’ framework combining real estate, institutional economics and economic geography literature. Our findings confirm an acceleration towards hybrid working patterns. While some changes in the current use of offices may be temporary or more dynamic, other adjustments may be permanent (for example working from home, portfolio rationalisations) and trigger structural changes across cities.
MEDFORD: A human- and machine-readable metadata markup language
Authors: Shpilker Polina , Freeman John , McKelvie Hailey , Ashey Jill , Fonticella Jay-Miguel , Putnam Hollie , Greenberg Jane , Cowen Lenore , Couch Alva , Daniels Noah M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Reproducibility of research is essential for science. However, in the way modern computational biology research is done, it is easy to lose track of small, but extremely critical, details. Key details, such as the specific version of a software used or iteration of a genome can easily be lost in the shuffle or perhaps not noted at all. Much work is being done on the database and storage side of things, ensuring that there exists a space-to-store experiment-specific details, but current mechanisms for recording details are cumbersome for scientists to use. We propose a new metadata description language, named MEtaData Format for Open Reef Data (MEDFORD), in which scientists can record all details relevant to their research. Being human-readable, easily editable and templatable, MEDFORD serves as a collection point for all notes that a researcher could find relevant to their research, be it for internal use or for future replication. MEDFORD has been applied to coral research, documenting research from RNA-seq analyses to photo collections.
Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiogram to distinguish cavotricuspid isthmus dependence from other atrial tachycardia mechanisms
Authors: Sau Arunashis , Ibrahim Safi , Ahmed Amar , Handa Balvinder , Kramer Daniel B , Waks Jonathan W , Arnold Ahran D , Howard James P , Qureshi Norman , Koa-Wing Michael , Keene Daniel , Malcolme-Lawes Louisa , Lefroy David C , Linton Nicholas W F , Lim Phang Boon , Varnava Amanda , Whinnett Zachary I , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Mandic Danilo , Peters Nicholas S , Ng Fu Siong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Accurately determining atrial arrhythmia mechanisms from a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) can be challenging. Given the high success rate of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation, identification of CTI-dependent typical atrial flutter (AFL) is important for treatment decisions and procedure planning. We sought to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify CTI-dependent AFL vs. non-CTI dependent atrial tachycardia (AT), using data from the invasive electrophysiology (EP) study as the gold standard.

Methods and results
We trained a CNN on data from 231 patients undergoing EP studies for atrial tachyarrhythmia. A total of 13 500 five-second 12-lead ECG segments were used for training. Each case was labelled CTI-dependent AFL or non-CTI-dependent AT based on the findings of the EP study. The model performance was evaluated against a test set of 57 patients. A survey of electrophysiologists in Europe was undertaken on the same 57 ECGs. The model had an accuracy of 86% (95% CI 0.77–0.95) compared to median expert electrophysiologist accuracy of 79% (range 70–84%). In the two thirds of test set cases (38/57) where both the model and electrophysiologist consensus were in agreement, the prediction accuracy was 100%. Saliency mapping demonstrated atrial activation was the most important segment of the ECG for determining model output.

Conclusion
We describe the first CNN trained to differentiate CTI-dependent AFL from other AT using the ECG. Our model matched and complemented expert electrophysiologist performance. Automated artificial intelligence-enhanced ECG analysis could help guide treatment decisions and plan ablation procedures for patients with organized atrial arrhythmias.
Multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and physical activity on the relationship between frailty and health-related quality of life in adults with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Won Mi Hwa , Choi JiYeon , Son Youn-Jung 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Poor health-related quality of life is prevalent among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and may be associated with frailty as well as low levels of self-efficacy and physical activity. This study aimed to identify the multiple mediating effects of exercise self-efficacy and physical activity on the relationship between frailty and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling adults with CVD.

Methods and results
This cross-sectional study included 489 Korean patients aged &gt;20 years diagnosed with CVD. Data were collected through an online survey conducted in June 2021. The mediation hypothesis was tested using a serial multiple mediation model and the bootstrapping method. Approximately, 39.5% of patients in this study were in a frail state. Our main finding revealed that frailty had an indirect effect on health-related quality of life through all three different pathways: each single mediation of exercise self-efficacy and physical activity, and the serial multiple mediation of exercise self-efficacy and physical activity as the first and second mediators, respectively. The direct effect of frailty on the health-related quality of life was also significant.

Conclusion
Frail adults with CVD tended to have lower levels of self-efficacy, physical activity, and poor health-related quality of life. Thus, early identification of frailty and interventions targeting the promotion of self-efficacy and physical activity may improve health-related quality of life in adults with CVD. Longitudinal studies are necessary to further refine our findings across other samples and to address the limitations of the current study.
A Comparison of Multivariate and Univariate Time Series Models Applied in Tree Sap Flux Analyses
Authors: Zhao Xiaowei , Zhao Ping , Zhu Liwei , Zhang Gaoyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccurate model predictions of the tree sap flux in sapwood are critical for forestry water management, primarily due to data availability limitations. Time series models have been used in tree sap flux analyses since 2005. Classic autoregressive models such as the ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average), ARIMAX (ARIMA with exogenous variables), SARIMA (seasonal ARIMA) and SARIMAX (seasonal ARIMAX) models are designed and tested for two common exotic species (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. f. and Acacia auriculaeformis A. Chun) in dry and wet seasons in South China. The performance of the models is assessed with a scoring system for integrating six statistical indices. The results show that taking both seasonal term and exogenous variables into account could improve day sap flux prediction accuracy.
Insights from the genomes of 4 diploid Camelina spp.
Authors: Martin Sara L , Lujan Toro Beatriz , James Tracey , Sauder Connie A , Laforest Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plant evolution has been a complex process involving hybridization and polyploidization making understanding the origin and evolution of a plant’s genome challenging even once a published genome is available. The oilseed crop, Camelina sativa (Brassicaceae), has a fully sequenced allohexaploid genome with 3 unknown ancestors. To better understand which extant species best represent the ancestral genomes that contributed to C. sativa’s formation, we sequenced and assembled chromosome level draft genomes for 4 diploid members of Camelina: C. neglecta C. hispida var. hispida, C. hispida var. grandiflora, and C. laxa using long and short read data scaffolded with proximity data. We then conducted phylogenetic analyses on regions of synteny and on genes described for Arabidopsis thaliana, from across each nuclear genome and the chloroplasts to examine evolutionary relationships within Camelina and Camelineae. We conclude that C. neglecta is closely related to C. sativa’s sub-genome 1 and that C. hispida var. hispida and C. hispida var. grandiflora are most closely related to C. sativa’s sub-genome 3. Further, the abundance and density of transposable elements, specifically Helitrons, suggest that the progenitor genome that contributed C. sativa’s sub-genome 3 maybe more similar to the genome of C. hispida var. hispida than that of C. hispida var. grandiflora. These diploid genomes show few structural differences when compared to C. sativa’s genome indicating little change to chromosome structure following allopolyploidization. This work also indicates that C. neglecta and C. hispida are important resources for understanding the genetics of C. sativa and potential resources for crop improvement.