bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Nitrate-Based Corrosion Inhibitor on Carbonation-Induced Corrosion
Authors: Ormellese Marco , Bolzoni Fabio , Brenna Andrea 
Published: October 2022

Corrosion inhibitors are additives that can work both as a preventative technique to delay the onset of corrosion or as a protection system to reduce corrosion rate, once corrosion is initiated. Several substances have been evaluated as possible candidates, both organic and inorganic in nature. Recently, a nitrate-based compound has been proposed as a corrosion inhibitor, as nitrates are still used in concrete as set accelerators. Nitrates inhibiting mechanism is similar to nitrites, the latter being the most efficient compound nowadays available. This work evaluates the effect of a nitrate-based corrosion inhibitor on carbonated-induced corrosion in concrete. Results show that the addition of calcium nitrate (4% vs. cement weight) can delay the carbonation penetration rate: the carbonation coefficient is reduced by about 30% with respect to the noninhibited specimens. Once corrosion is initiated, nitrate-based inhibitor, even at a high dosage (4% vs. cement weight), is not effective in reducing the corrosion rate: values as high as 10 μm/y were measured after about 2 y of external exposure.
Kurumsal Kimlik Tasarımlarında Logo, Amblem ve Arketip İlişkisi
Authors: ERZİNCAN Aysun , YILDIZ Nurcan , PARLAK Demet , TÜRKMEN Erol , EVREN Burak , UYSAL Büşra , ARSLAN Melek , MERCİN Levent 
Published: October 2022

Kurumsal kimlik, bir şirketin kendisini halka nasıl sunduğudur. Şirketin nasıl göründüğü, davrandığı ve iletişim kurduğu çalışmalardır. Kurumsal kimlik şirketin pazar alanında, iç paydaşları ve dış paydaşları arasında tanınmasına ve farklılaşmasına yardımcı olur. Ayrıca kurumsal kimlik ile marka imajı oluşturarak müşterilerine daha güvenilir olduklarını hissettirir.
Kurumsal kimliğin iç ve dış mecrada görünen yüzü amblem ve logolardır. Amblemler oluşturulurken kurumun ürünleri, kurum felsefesi, kurumsal davranışları, cinsiyeti, değerleri, misyon ve vizyonu dikkate alınır. Bunların yanında amblemler hazırlanırken algılarımızı, bilinçaltı ve üstündeki duyguları değiştirip geliştirdiği, bunların düşünceler haline gelmesini sağladığı için arketipler önemlidir. Bu araştırmada halk tarafından bilinen logo ve amblemlerin arketip ilişkileri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu arketip türleri kavramsal olarak ele alınarak dünya genelinde bilinen amblemlerin arketipleri analiz edilmiştir.
Araştırmada 12 arketip, görsel örneklerle irdelenmiştir. Farklı sektörlerden oluşan 9 firmanın amblemi yaratıcı, bakıcı, yönetici, soytarı, sıradan insan, aşık, kahraman, asi, sihirbaz, masum, bilge ve kâşif arketipi sınıflamasına göre incelenip analizi yapılmıştır.
Nuevos tiempos para la negociación colectiva en el fútbol profesional
Authors: Sáez Lara Carmen 
Published: October 2022

La relación laboral de carácter especial de los deportistas profesionales se encuentra regulada por el Real Decreto 1006/1985, de 26 de junio (RDDP), que define al deportista profesional (art. 1.2) señalando, de conformidad con el artículo 2.2 del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (ET), que serán aplicables a esta relación laboral especial los derechos y deberes básicos previstos en los artículos 4 y 5 del ET (art. 7.5 RDDP). Más concretamente, el artículo 18.1 del RDDP establece que los deportistas profesionales tendrán los derechos colectivos reconocidos con carácter general en la legislación vigente, en la forma y condiciones que se pacten en los convenios, y el artículo 21 del RDDP aclara que, en lo no regulado por este real decreto, serán de aplicación el ET y las demás normas laborales de general aplicación, en cuanto no sean incompatibles con la naturaleza especial de la relación laboral de los deportistas profesionales.
Significant enhancements of the mesospheric Na layer bottom below 75 km observed by a full-diurnal-cycle lidar at Beijing (40.41° N, 116.01° E), China
Authors: Xia Yuan , Jiao Jing , Nozawa Satonori , Cheng Xuewu , Wang Jihong , Shi Chunhua , Du Lifang , Li Yajuan , Zheng Haoran , Li Faquan , Yang Guotao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Based on the full-diurnal-cycle sodium (Na) lidar observations at Beijing (40.41∘ N, 116.01∘ E), we report pronounced
downward extensions of the Na layer bottomside to below 75 km near
mid-December 2014. Considerable Na atoms were observed even as low as
∼ 72 km, where Na atoms are short-lived. More interestingly, an unprecedented Na density of ∼ 2500 atoms cm−3 around 75 km
was observed on 17 December 2014. Such high Na atoms concentration was 2
orders of magnitude larger than that normally observed at the similar
altitude region. The variations of Na density on the layer bottom were found to be accompanied by warming temperature anomalies and considerable
perturbations of minor chemical species (H, O, O3) in the upper
mesosphere. Different from the previous reported metal layer bottom
enhancements mainly contributed by photolysis after sunrise, these
observational results suggest more critical contributions were made by the
Na neutral chemical reactions to the Na layer bottom extensions reported
here. The time–longitudinal variations of background atmospheric parameters
in the upper mesosphere and stratosphere from global satellite observations
and ERA reanalysis data indicated that the anomalous structures observed
near the lidar site in mid-December 2014 were associated with planetary
wave (PW) activities. The anomalies of temperature and O3 perturbation
showed opposite phase in the altitude range of 70–75 and
35–45 km. This implied that the vertical coupling between the
mesosphere and stratosphere, possibly driven by the interactions of PW
activities with background atmosphere and modulation of gravity wave (GW)
filtering by stratospheric wind, contributed to the perturbations of
background atmosphere. Furthermore, the bottom enhancement on 17 December
2014 was also accompanied by clear wavy signatures in the main layer. The
strong downwelling regions are likely due to the superposition of tide and
GW, suggesting the wave-induced adiabatic vertical motion of the air parcel
contributed greatly to the formation of the much stronger Na layer bottom
enhancement on 17 December 2014. These results provide a clear
observational evidence for the Na layer bottom response to the
planetary-scale atmospheric perturbations in addition to tide and GW through affecting the chemical balance. The results of this paper also have
implications for the response of the metal layer to vertical coupling
between the lower atmosphere and the mesosphere.
Improved spectral processing for a multi-mode pulse compression Ka–Ku-band cloud radar system
Authors: Ding Han , Li Haoran , Liu Liping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Cloud radars are widely used in observing clouds and
precipitation. However, the raw data products of cloud radars are usually
affected by multiple factors, which may lead to misinterpretation of cloud
and precipitation processes. In this study, we present a
Doppler-spectra-based data processing framework to improve the data quality
of a multi-mode pulse-compressed Ka–Ku radar system. Firstly,
non-meteorological signal close to the ground was identified with enhanced
Doppler spectral ratios between different observing modes. Then, for the
Doppler spectrum affected by the range sidelobe due to the implementation of
the pulse compression technique, the characteristics of the probability
density distribution of the spectral power were used to identify the
sidelobe artifacts. Finally, the Doppler spectra observations from different
modes were merged via the shift-then-average approach. The new radar moment
products were generated based on the merged Doppler spectrum data. The
presented spectral processing framework was applied to radar observations of
a stratiform precipitation event, and the quantitative evaluation shows good
performance of clutter or sidelobe suppression and spectral merging.
Mid-Holocene climate of the Tibetan Plateau and hydroclimate in three major river basins based on high-resolution regional climate simulations
Authors: Huo Yiling , Peltier William Richard , Chandan Deepak 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) contains the headwaters of major Asian rivers that sustain billions of people and plays an important role in both regional and global climate through thermal and mechanical forcings. Understanding the characteristics and changes to the hydrological regimes on the TP during the mid-Holocene (MH) will help in understanding the expected future changes. Here, an analysis of the hydroclimates over the headwater regions of three major rivers originating in the TP, namely the Yellow, Yangtze, and Brahmaputra rivers, is presented, using dynamically downscaled climate
simulations constructed using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) coupled to the hydrological model WRF-Hydro. Green Sahara (GS)
boundary conditions have also been incorporated into the global model so as
to capture the remote feedbacks between the Saharan vegetation and the river hydrographs over the TP. Model–data comparisons show that the dynamically downscaled simulations significantly improve the regional climate simulations over the TP in both the modern day and the MH, highlighting the crucial role of downscaling in both present-day and past climates. TP precipitation is also strongly affected by the greening of the Sahara, with a particularly large increase over the southern TP, as well as a delay in the monsoon withdrawal. The simulation results were first validated over the upper basins of the three rivers before the hydrological responses to the MH forcing for the three basins were quantified. Both the upper Yellow and Yangtze rivers exhibit a decline in streamflow during the MH, especially in summer, which is a combined effect of less snowmelt and stronger evapotranspiration. The GS forcing caused a rise in temperature during the MH, as well as larger rainfall but less snowfall and greater evaporative water losses. The Brahmaputra River runoff is simulated to increase in the MH due to greater net precipitation.
Geomorphic signature of segmented relief rejuvenation in the Sierra Morena, Betic forebulge, Spain
Authors: Expósito Inmaculada , Jiménez-Bonilla Alejandro , Delchiaro Michele , Yanes José L. , Balanyá Juan C. , Moral-Martos Francisco , Della Seta Marta 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The foreland relief of alpine orogenic belts is often rejuvenated due to the intraplate propagation of orogenic deformation. Thus, in these long-lived areas, the localisation of relief rejuvenation may be largely
controlled by the reactivation of previous mechanical discontinuities. In
this regard, we explored the relationship between the relief rejuvenation
pattern and the distribution, geometry, and kinematics of faults in a wide
segment of the Betic foreland (Sierra Morena, southern Spain). Specifically, we focused on the forebulge, a WSW–ENE flexural relief that
formed, paired to the Betic foreland basin, in response to orogenic load.
For this purpose, we applied both qualitative and quantitative
geomorphological tools, including geomorphic indices and knickpoint pattern
modelling in χ space. We found that the pattern of relief rejuvenation
responds to large-scale flexural uplift coupled with the tectonic activity
of two groups of faults that often show evidence of reactivation, namely overall WSW–ENE faults contributing to both regional NNW–SSE relief segmentation and vertical extrusion of the forebulge, and NW–SE reverse faults associated with an outstanding WSW–ENE topographic segmentation in the west of the study area. In addition, our knickpoint modelling suggests that the faults related to the southernmost Sierra Morena mountain front have been particularly active in recent times, although their activity span and the relative uplift that they accommodate differ along the Sierra
Morena/foreland basin limit. The knickpoint pattern also suggests a
significant reorganisation of the analysed drainage basins. The strain
partitioning accommodated by the structures involved in relief rejuvenation
suggests the intraplate propagation of the transpressional deformation
reported from the Betic external fold and thrust belt.
Attributing trend in naturalized streamflow to temporally explicit vegetation change and climate variation in the Yellow River basin of China
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Tang Qiuhong , Wang Daoxi , Xiao Peiqing , Xia Runliang , Sun Pengcheng , Feng Feng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. The naturalized streamflow, i.e., streamflow without water management effects, in the Yellow River basin (YRB) has been significantly decreased at a rate of -3.71×108 m3 yr−1 during 1982–2018, although annual precipitation experienced an insignificantly positive trend. Explicit detection and attribution of naturalized streamflow are critical to manage limited water resources for the sustainable development of ecosystems and socio-economic systems. The effects from temporally explicit changes of climate variables and underlying surfaces on the streamflow trend were assessed using the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model prescribed with continuously dynamic leaf area index (LAI) and land cover. The results show a sharp increase of the LAI trend and land use change as a conversion of cropland into forest grass in the basin. The decrease in naturalized streamflow can primarily be attributed to the vegetation changes including an interannual LAI increase and intra-annual LAI temporal pattern change, which account for the streamflow reduction of 1.99×108 and 0.45×108 m3 yr−1, respectively. The impacts of the LAI change are largest at the subregion of Longmen–Huayuankou where the LAI increasing trend is high and land use change is substantial. Attribution based on simulations with multiyear average LAI changes obviously underestimates the impacts of the interannual LAI change and intra-annual LAI temporal change on the natural streamflow trend. Overall, the effect of climate variation on streamflow is slight because the positive effect from precipitation and wind speed changes was offset by the negative effect from increasing temperature. Although climate variation is decisive for streamflow change, this study suggests that change in underlying surfaces has imposed a substantial trend on naturalized streamflow. This study improves the understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and the underlying mechanisms of natural streamflow reduction across the YRB between 1982 and 2018.
Gaussian mixture model for extreme wind turbulence estimation
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Natarajan Anand 
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Uncertainty quantification is necessary in wind turbine design due to the random nature of the environmental inputs, through which the uncertainty of structural loads and response under specific situations can be quantified. Specifically, wind turbulence (described by the standard deviation of the longitudinal wind speed over a 10 min time duration) has a significant impact on the extreme and fatigue design envelope of the wind turbine. The wind parameters (mean and standard deviation of longitudinal wind speed over 10 min time duration) are not independent stochastic variables, and structural reliability analysis or uncertainty quantification therefore requires these wind parameters to be correlated stochastic parameters. An accurate probabilistic model should be established to model the correlation among wind parameters. Compared to univariate distributions, theoretical multivariate distributions are limited and not flexible enough to model the wind parameters from different sites or direction sectors. Copula-based models are often used for correlation description, but existing parametric copulas may not model the correlation among wind parameters well, due to limitations of the copula structures. The Gaussian mixture model is widely applied for density estimation and clustering in many domains, but limited studies have been conducted in wind energy and few have used it for density estimation of wind parameters. In this paper, the Gaussian mixture model is used to model the joint distribution of mean and standard deviation of longitudinal wind speed over 10 min time duration, which is calculated from 15 years of wind measurement time series data. As a comparison, the Nataf transformation (Gaussian copula) and Gumbel copula are compared with the Gaussian mixture model in terms of the estimated marginal distributions and conditional distributions. The Gaussian mixture model is then adopted to estimate the extreme wind turbulence (wind parameters for extreme load), which could be taken as an input to design loads used in the ultimate design limit state of turbine structures. The wind parameter contour associated with a 50-year return period computed from the Gaussian mixture model is compared with what is used in the design of wind turbines as given in IEC 61400-1. The Gaussian mixture model is able to model the joint distribution of wind parameters well, where the estimated tail distributions of both the marginal distributions and conditional distribution have good accuracy, and it is a good candidate for extreme turbulence estimation.
Exports from developing countries and outward foreign direct investment: An empirical analysis
Authors: Ihsan Hajra , Mustafa Ayesha 
Published: October 2022

This empirical study investigates how exports from developing countries are influenced by outward foreign direct investment. By classifying developing economies into subgroups based on income (low-income countries, lower-middle-income countries, upper-middle-income countries), as well as at the regional level (Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean), this study also tries to analyze the variation in this association at different levels of development and across different geographical regions. The study uses imbalanced panel data from 64 developing countries spanning the years 1990 to 2019 for estimation purposes and employs panel estimation techniques of fixed and random effects model. The results suggest that at the aggregate level, outward foreign direct investment has a complementary impact on the home country export performance of developing countries. Moreover, middle and upper middle-income groups of developing countries also indicate the complementary effect of investing abroad on home country exports. At the regional level, results indicate that in Asia, this complementary effect is more vital than in any other region of developing countries. It may be due to the high share of outward FDI from Asian developing countries, which leads to more exports of intermediate goods and headquarter activities from home countries. On the contrary, results indicate that OFDI substitutes for home country exports in the group of Latin America and the Caribbean countries, and these countries have a smaller and relatively more volatile share in total world outward FDI. The general complementary type relationship between OFDI and the home country's exports highlights the need to consider OFDI as a part of national development plans to attract much-needed foreign exchange reserves for the growth and development of developing countries.
An Education Intervention Addressing Health Students’ COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours
Authors: Bushell Mary , Kavanagh Phillip S , Millar Cara-Jane , Nahon Irmina , Mahon Naomi , Bevitt Thomas , Frost Jane 
Published: October 2022

Background: COVID-19 impacted higher education (HE) students studying health degrees with an embedded placement in a unique way. At the height of the pandemic AHPRA declared that health students completing placements were required to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and be competent at providing advice and information about the COVID-19 vaccine to the public. It is yet to be determined if there is hesitancy amongst students studying health degrees. This study aimed to determine if offering an evidence-based targeted educational intervention changes health student knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to have the vaccine. Methods: An evidence-based educational intervention was developed and delivered to students studying health. A purpose developed survey was designed to assess health students’ knowledge, and willingness to have the COVID-19 vaccine, before and after this targeted educational intervention. Results: A total of 290 students from eight health disciplines completed the intervention and pre- and post-surveys. Analyses demonstrated a statistically significant increase in participants’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and how confident participants felt about explaining Covid vaccines and their safety, with an increase in accuracy of knowledge about professional responsibility. Conclusion: This study shows that targeted educational intervention can positively influence HE health care students. Increasing the knowledge and confidence of our trainee health professionals is paramount to enable them to be sources of accurate information and advice in relation to Covid vaccination.
Determinação do índice de qualidade de água da barragem do bananal no município de Gurupi-To
Authors: Da Costa Moreira Gardjany , Moreira Gleidiany 
Published: October 2022

A água exerce um importante bem público e uma função indispensável na vida dos moradores de uma região, pois é por meio dela que a sociedade se desenvolve. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma análise dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológico de qualidade da água da barragem Bananal, que abastece o município de Gurupi/TO. A metodologia utilizada para alcance dos dados fundamentou-se no Índice de Qualidade da Água – IQA. As amostras foram coletadas e analisadas individualmente de acordo com os procedimentos estabelecidos pela legislação VPM da Conama 357/2005. De modo geral as análises do Nitrato, Oxigênio Dissolvido, pH, Sólidos totais, Temperatura, Turbidez e Coliformes fecais, apresentaram um resultado dentro do padrão permitido pela legislação vigente, com exceção de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio e fosfatos que exigem uma maior atenção, uma vez que se faz contínuo uso do recurso para o abastecimento da cidade.
study on success of methotrexate in single or two doses for medical management of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Basanna Savitha Keranahalli , Prabhudev Prema 
Published: October 2022

Background: The treatment of ectopic pregnancy in conservative manner in order to preserve the subsequent fertility is important. Methotrexate can be effectively used in termination of ectopic pregnancy. This study compares the single dose versus double dose approach for the conservative management of pregnancy. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care centre. About 70 women with ectopic pregnancy were administered with single or double dose of methotrexate were followed up. The second dose of MTX was administered when there was no 15% decrease in β-hCG levels between day 4 and 7. The data thus obtained was compiled and analysed. Results: The mean age was comparable in single and double dose groups. The mean gestational age in single dose group was 7.1 weeks and double dose group was 7.48 weeks. The termination of ectopic pregnancy was successful in 80.8% of the single and 33.3% of the two dose groups. The mean EP diameter in single dose group was 24.03 and double dose group was 33.7 mms. The length of stay was significantly lower in double dose groups. Conclusion: The single dose protocol of methotrexate was superior when compared with the double dose protocol.