bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xanthohumol improves cognition in farnesoid X receptor-deficient mice on a high-fat diet
Authors: Kundu Payel , Paraiso Ines L. , Choi Jaewoo , Miranda Cristobal L. , Kioussi Chrissa , Maier Claudia S. , Bobe Gerd , Stevens Jan F. , Raber Jacob 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Xanthohumol (XN) improves cognition of wild-type rodents on a high-fat diet (HFD). Bile acids and ceramide levels in the liver and hippocampus might be linked to these effects. XN modulates activity of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR; also known as NR1H4), the primary receptor for bile acids. To determine the role of FXR in the liver and intestine in mediating the effects of XN on cognitive performance, mice with intestine- and liver-specific FXR ablation (FXRIntestine−/− and FXRLiver−/−, respectively) on an HFD or an HFD containing XN were cognitively tested. XN improved cognitive performance in a genotype- and sex-dependent manner, with improved task learning in females (specifically wild-type), reversal learning in males (specifically wild-type and FXRIntestine−/− mutant) and spatial learning (both sexes). XN increased hippocampal diacylglycerol and sphingomyelin levels in females but decreased them in males. XN increased the ratio of shorter-chain to longer-chain ceramides and hexaceramides. Higher diacylglycerol and lower longer-chain ceramide and hexaceramide levels were linked to improved cognitive performance. Thus, the beneficial sex-dependent cognitive effects of XN are linked to changes in hippocampal diacylglycerol and ceramide levels.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The role of carbonic anhydrase-mediated tissue oxygen extraction in a marine teleost acclimated to hypoxia
Authors: Dichiera Angelina M. , Negrete, Jr Benjamin , Ackerly Kerri Lynn , Esbaugh Andrew J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
With the growing prevalence of hypoxia (O2 levels ≤2 mg l−1) in aquatic and marine ecosystems, there is increasing interest in the adaptive mechanisms fish may employ to better their performance in stressful environments. Here, we investigated the contribution of a proposed strategy for enhancing tissue O2 extraction – plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA-IV) – under hypoxia in a species of estuarine fish (red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus) that thrives in fluctuating habitats. We predicted that hypoxia-acclimated fish would increase the prevalence of CA-IV in aerobically demanding tissues to confer more efficient tissue O2 extraction. Furthermore, we predicted the phenotypic changes to tissue O2 extraction that occur with hypoxia acclimation may improve respiratory and swim performance under 100% O2 conditions (i.e. normoxia) when compared with performance in fish that have not been acclimated to hypoxia. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in relative CA-IV mRNA expression, protein abundance or enzyme activity between the two treatments, suggesting CA-IV function is maintained under hypoxia. Likewise, respiratory performance of hypoxia-acclimated fish was similar to that of control fish when tested in normoxia. Critical swim speed (Ucrit) was significantly higher in hypoxia-acclimated fish but translated to marginal ecological benefits with an increase of ∼0.3 body lengths per second. Instead, hypoxia-acclimated fish may have relied more heavily on anaerobic metabolism during their swim trials, utilizing burst swimming 1.5 times longer than control fish. While the maintenance of CA-IV may still be an important contributor for hypoxia tolerance, our evidence suggests hypoxia-acclimated red drum are using other mechanisms to cope in an O2-depleted environment.
Managing sample metadata for biodiversity: considerations from the Darwin Tree of Life project
Authors: Shaw Felix , Minotto Alice , McTaggart Seanna , Providence Aaliyah , Harrison Peter , Paupério Joana , Rajan Jeena , Burgin Josephine , Cochrane Guy , Kilias Estelle , Lawniczak Mara , Davey Robert 
Published: November 2022

Large-scale reference genome sequencing projects for all of biodiversity are underway and common standards have been in place for some years to enable the understanding and sharing of sequence data. However, the metadata that describes the collection, processing and management of samples, and link to the associated sequencing and genome data, are not yet adequately developed and standardised for these projects. At the time of writing, the Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) Project is over two years into its ten-year ambition to sequence all described eukaryotic species in Britain and Ireland. We have sought consensus from a wide range of scientists across taxonomic domains to determine the minimal set of metadata that we collectively deem as critically important to accompany each sequenced specimen. These metadata are made available throughout the subsequent laboratory processes, and once collected, need to be adequately managed to fulfil the requirements of good data management practice. Due to the size and scale of management required, software tools are needed. These tools need to implement rigorous development pathways and change management procedures to ensure that effective research data management of key project and sample metadata is maintained. Tracking of sample properties through the sequencing process is handled by Lab Information Management Systems (LIMS), so publication of the sequenced data is achieved via technical integration of LIMS and data management tools. Discussions with community members on how metadata standards need to be managed within large-scale programmes is a priority in the planning process. Here we report on the standards we developed with respect to a robust and reusable mechanism of metadata collection, in the hopes that other projects forthcoming or underway will adopt these practices for metadata.
Unwanted pregnancy in Indonesia: prevalence and decision making
Authors: Ermiati Ermiati , Widiasih Restuning , Arifin Hidayat , Mediani Henny Suzana 
Published: November 2022

Background/Aims Young women in Indonesia who experience an unwanted pregnancy may not have the necessary support to make an informed decision about whether to continue with or terminate the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine factors that influence the decision to terminate or continue with an unwanted pregnancy among women aged 15–24 years old in Indonesia. Methods Data from the 2017 Indonesian demographic and health survey were used. These data included 9218 women aged 15–24 years from eight regions in Indonesia. Chi-squared tests and binary and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results Almost 20% of women in Indonesia decided to terminate an unwanted pregnancy, and 25% experienced physical partner violence. Respondents who lived in Sulawesi, had primary education, lived in a rural area or had experienced physical partner violence were more likely terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Respondents who had a higher economic status were less likely terminate. Conclusions The decision to terminate a pregnancy may be more likely to be made by women under certain circumstances. Programmes for pregnant women involving counselling should be initiated via cross-collaboration with government, parents and healthcare workers, to provide support for decision making in the case of an unwanted pregnancy.
The impact of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of primary motor cortex on motor learning in older adults with low levels of activity
Authors: Abedi Razieh , Talimkhani Ailin , Mohammadzadeh Zahra , Daryabor Aliyeh , Naimi Sedigheh Sadat 
Published: November 2022

Background/aims Older adults with different physical activity levels have often demonstrated individual differences in motor performance and learning. Serial reaction time task training and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex were used in this study to evaluate how these interventions affected motor learning in older adults with low activity levels. Methods In this randomised controlled trial, 28 healthy, right-handed, older adults with low activity levels, with a mean age of 69.92 years, were randomly allocated to an anodal transcranial direct current stimulation group (n=14) or sham transcranial direct current stimulation group (n=14), based on a simple non-probability sampling method. The experimental group was exposed to 20 minutes of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex, using a tDCS device, alongside eight sequenced or randomised blocks of serial reaction time task activities, for 5 consecutive days. In the control group, the tDCS device was automatically switched off after 1 minute. To assess implicit motor learning, the response time and error rate of two sequenced blocks of serial reaction time task activities were collected before, immediately following, 1 day and 1 week after the completion of the intervention. Results Immediately following the end of the intervention, at day 5, the mean response time and error rate were 925.09 and 2.55 in the experimental group, and 1016.52 and 4.10 in the control group. At 1 day after the completion of the intervention, the mean response time and error rates were 927.40 and 3.03 in the experimental group and 1021.91 and 4.34 in the control group. At 1 week after the completion of the intervention, the mean response time and error rates were 942.26 and 3.63 in the experimental group and 1050.08 and 5.11 in the control group. These findings indicate that response time and error rate were significantly decreased in both stimulation groups at different time points (P<0.001). At the same time, there were no significant differences in the response time and error rate between the two groups at different time points: immediately (P=0.07, P=0.31), 1 day (P=0.06, P=0.41) and 1 week (P=0.04, P=0.35) after the completion of the intervention respectively. Conclusions Serial reaction time task training, with or without applying anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, can improve motor learning in low-activity older adults. Therefore, it appears that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation did not affect or improve motor learning in older adults with low motor activity. Motor learning training can be used alone as a practical and helpful intervention to improve performance and implicit motor skill learning with long-lasting effects in older adults with low levels of activity.
Disruptions and opportunities in sexual and reproductive health care: How COVID‐19 impacted service provision in three US states
Authors: VandeVusse Alicia , Castillo Philicia W. , Kirstein Marielle , Mueller Jennifer , Kavanaugh Megan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContextThe COVID‐19 pandemic abruptly disrupted the provision of sexual and reproductive health care in the United States.MethodsWe conducted interviews with family planning clinic staff at 55 health care facilities in Arizona, Iowa, and Wisconsin in late 2020 and early 2021. We asked respondents about the challenges they faced and ways they adapted their service provision as a result of the pandemic. We conducted content and thematic analyses of the interview transcripts using an inductively developed qualitative coding scheme.ResultsFamily planning clinics and providers made a variety of changes to their clinic operations and service delivery. The three major areas of change for these facilities were implementation of COVID‐19 safety procedures, shifting service delivery and staffing to meet patient needs, and the rapid uptake and expansion of telehealth.ConclusionWhile providers faced many challenges, they also described opportunities to innovate and rethink standard of care protocols that may continue to shape sexual and reproductive health care even after the pandemic abates.
Multifunctional graphene-based optoelectronic structure based on a Fabry–Perot cavity enhanced by a metallic nanoantenna
Authors: Jafari Behnam , Gholizadeh Elnaz 
Published: November 2022

Optical communications systems
are continuously miniaturized to integrate several previously separate
optoelectronic devices, organized with silicon-based incorporated
circuits, onto a distinct substrate. Modulators and photodetectors
have essential roles in photonic systems and operate with different
mechanisms. Integrating them into one device is complex and
challenging, but these multifunctional devices have numerous
advantages. This article uses a graphene/hBN-based structure to
modulate, detect, and absorb any signal with the desired frequency in
the THz range. The proposed system comprises one unpatterned graphene
sheet embedded in bulk hBN with the periodic gold/palladium
nanostructure beneath and below it. The perfect absorption, a
modulation depth of 100%, and photodetection of more than
20 A/W at any desired frequency can be verified.
PCF sensor coated with Au-graphene/MXene for a low refractive index and a wide detection range
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Shen Tao , Feng Yue , Liu Chi , Liu Xin , Wang Shaofeng 
Published: November 2022

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for detecting low refractive index (RI) and a wide detection range is proposed and analyzed by the full vector finite element method. The PCF is designed as a polishing construction and contains three different sizes of air holes. The Au and protective layer are coated on the grinding and polishing surface. The unique physical structure enables the sensor to detect trace substances. The sensor works in the near-infrared and mid-infrared bands. When Au-graphene is used, the RI detection range is 1.11–1.31, the maximum wavelength sensitivity is 18,600 nm/RIU, the maximum resolution is

5.38

×

10

−
6

, and the linearity reaches 0.99023. In this paper, MXene (

2
D
−
T
i

3

C

2

) is compared with graphene for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and applied to the field of PCF-SPR sensing. The maximum wavelength sensitivity of the sensor can be enhanced when using Au-MXene to 22,000 nm/RIU with a maximum resolution of

4.55

×

10

−
6

. Because of its high sensitivity and wide detection range at low RI, this sensor provides a promising method for drug detection, water pollution monitoring, aerosol concentration, and optical film detection.
Hospital admissions with influenza and impact of age and comorbidities on severe clinical outcomes in Brazil and Mexico
Authors: El Guerche-Séblain Clotilde , Etcheto Adrien , Parmentier Frédéric , Afshar Mohammad , E. Macias Alejandro , Puentes Esteban , Gresset-Bourgeois Viviane , Akcay Meral , Petitjean Audrey , Coudeville Laurent 
Published: November 2022

Background
The risk of hospitalization or death after influenza infection is higher at the extremes of age and in individuals with comorbidities. We estimated the number of hospitalizations with influenza and characterized the cumulative risk of comorbidities and age on severe outcomes in Mexico and Brazil.

Methods
We used national hospital discharge data from Brazil (SIH/SUS) from 2010–2018 and Mexico (SAEH) from 2010–2017 to estimate the number of influenza admissions using ICD-10 discharge codes, stratified by age (0–4, 5–17, 18–49, 50–64, and ≥65 years). Duration of hospital stay, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and in-hospital case fatality rates (CFRs) defined the severe outcomes. Rates were compared between patients with or without pre-specified comorbidities and by age.

Results
A total of 327,572 admissions with influenza were recorded in Brazil and 20,613 in Mexico, with peaks period most years. In Brazil, the median hospital stay duration was 3.0 days (interquartile range, 2.0–5.0), ICU admission rate was 3.3% (95% CI, 3.2–3.3%), and in-hospital CFR was 4.6% (95% CI, 4.5–4.7). In Mexico, the median duration of stay was 5.0 days (interquartile range, 3.0–7.0), ICU admission rate was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.6–2.0%), and in-hospital CFR was 6.9% (95% CI, 6.5–7.2). In Brazil, ICU admission and in-hospital CFR were higher in adults aged ≥50 years and increased in the presence of comorbidities, especially cardiovascular disease. In Mexico, comorbidities increased the risk of ICU admission by 1.9 (95% CI, 1.0–3.5) and in-hospital CFR by 13.9 (95% CI, 8.4–22.9) in children 0–4 years.

Conclusion
The SIH/SUS and SAEH databases can be used to estimate hospital admissions with influenza, and the disease severity. Age and comorbidities, especially cardiovascular disease, are cumulatively associated with more severe outcomes, with differences between countries. This association should be further analyzed in prospective surveillance studies designed to support influenza vaccination strategy decisions.
Factors associated with COVID-19 knowledge among Ghanaians: A national survey
Authors: Kwabla Mavis Pearl , Nyasordzi Juliana , Kye-Duodu Gideon , Ananga Mark Kwame , Amenuvegbe Gregory Kofi , Otoo Joseph , Nuertey Dominic Demateh , Mensah Ebenezer Kofi , Asante-Afari Kwadwo , Aboagye Dacosta , Ansong Joana , Ohene Sally-Ann 
Published: November 2022

Background
Adequate knowledge about COVID-19 in a population may be relevant in the fight to control its spread among the populace. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with real knowledge of COVID-19 among Ghanaians to promote effective dissemination of appropriate information aimed at containing the spread.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey and computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) was conducted among Ghanaians aged 18 years and above across the 260 districts of Ghana. The survey assessed the level of knowledge of COVID-19 and its associated factors and compared differences between perceived and real knowledge. One district health promotion officer per district was trained for the data collection. Participants were recruited via use of phone directories of both organized and non-organized local district groups. Phone calls were made to randomly selected phone contacts to schedule options for participation in the study. We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate the associated factors of COVID-19 knowledge among respondents.

Results
Of the 2,721 participants who completed the survey, the majority (99.3%) were aware of the existence of the COVID-19 outbreak, had good knowledge on infection prevention (87.0%) and rated their knowledge about COVID-19 as good (81.7%). Factors associated with COVID-19 knowledge were: age ≥56 years (aOR = 0.5; CI: 0.3–0.8; p = 0.002), tertiary education (aOR = 1.8; CI: 1.2–2.6; p = 0.003), residing in Greater Accra region (aOR = 2.0; CI: 1.1–3.6; p = 0.019), not infected with the novel coronavirus (aOR = 1.5; Cl: 1.0–2.1; p = 0.045), knowing an infected person (aOR = 3.5; CI = 1.5–7.9; p = 0.003), good practice of effective preventive measures (aOR = 1.2: Cl: 1.1–1.5: 0.008), not misinformed (aOR = 0.7; Cl: 0.5–0.9; 0.015), and perceiving spreading speed of the virus as slow (aOR = 0.7; Cl: 0.5–0.9; 0.007).

Conclusion
The study found good knowledge regarding COVID-19, control measures, and preventive strategies. The Ghana Health Service should continuously provide accurate information to educate the media and citizens to prevent misinformation, which is vital in stopping the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
Selection bias in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cohort studies assessing sputum culture conversion
Authors: Rodriguez Carly A. , Lodi Sara , Horsburgh C. Robert , Bastard Mathieu , Hewison Cathy , Huerga Helena , Khan Munira , Khan Palwasha Y. , Khan Uzma , Oyewusi Lawrence , Padayachee Shrivani , Mitnick Carole D. , Franke Molly F. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Conversion of sputum culture from positive to negative for M. tuberculosis is a key indicator of treatment response. An initial positive culture is a pre-requisite to observe conversion. Consequently, patients with a missing or negative initial culture are excluded from analyses of conversion outcomes. To identify the initial, or “baseline” culture, researchers must define a sample collection interval. An interval extending past treatment initiation can increase sample size but may introduce selection bias because patients without a positive pre-treatment culture must survive and remain in care to have a culture in the post-treatment interval.

Methods
We used simulated data and data from the endTB observational cohort to investigate the potential for bias when extending baseline culture intervals past treatment initiation. We evaluated bias in the proportion with six-month conversion.

Results
In simulation studies, the potential for bias depended on the proportion of patients missing a pre-treatment culture, proportion with conversion, proportion culture positive at treatment initiation, and proportion of patients missing a pre-treatment culture who would have been observed to be culture positive, had they had a culture. In observational data, the maximum potential for bias when reporting the proportion with conversion reached five percentage points in some sites.

Conclusion
Extending the allowable baseline interval past treatment initiation may introduce selection bias. If investigators choose to extend the baseline collection interval past treatment initiation, the proportion missing a pre-treatment culture and the number of deaths and losses to follow up during the post-treatment allowable interval should be clearly enumerated.
Effects of a yoga-based stress reduction intervention on stress, psychological outcomes and cardiometabolic biomarkers in cancer caregivers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Lena J. , Shamburek Robert , Son Hyojin , Wallen Gwenyth R. , Cox Robert , Flynn Sharon , Yang Li , Bevans Margaret , Wehrlen Leslie , Ross Alyson 
Published: November 2022

Caregiving stress is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, integrating cardiometabolic biomarkers into caregiving research provides a more comprehensive assessment of an individual’s health and response to an intervention. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a yoga-based stress reduction intervention on stress, psychological outcomes, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in cancer caregivers. This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled family caregivers of adult patients who underwent an allogeneic HSCT at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center. All subjects received usual care education. Participants in the intervention group received an Iyengar yoga intervention self-administered over six weeks using an audio recording file. The primary outcome was perceived stress (measured using the NIH toolbox Perceived Stress). The secondary outcomes were psychological factors (depression and anxiety measured using PROMIS®Depression and Anxiety), and cardiometabolic biomarkers measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A total of 50 family caregivers (mean [SD] age, 44.9 [15.2] years; 42 [84.0%] women) were randomized, 25 to the intervention group and 25 to the control group. No group differences were noted in stress, depression, and anxiety. Significant interaction effects between group and time were found in large TRL-P (F(1,43) = 10.16,p= 0.003) and LP-IR (F(1,42) = 4.28,p= 0.045). Post-hoc analyses revealed that the levels of large TRL-P (mean difference = 1.68, CI = [0.86, 2.51],p<.001) and LP-IR (mean difference = 5.67, CI = [1.15, 10.18],p =0.015) significantly increased over time in the control group but while remained stable in the intervention group (mean difference = -0.15, CI = [-0.96, 0.66],p= 0.718; mean difference = -0.81, CI = [-5.22, 3.61],p= 0.714, respectively). Even when perceptions of psychological distress remain unchanged, incorporating gentle yoga poses and breathing exercises may reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease in caregivers by inhibiting the development of insulin resistance. Standard lipids of cardiometabolic risk do not appear to be robust enough to detect short-term early changes of cardiometabolic risk in caregivers.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02257853.