bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music
Authors: Bricca Jacob 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 10 investigates the functions that music can have in a documentary and explains how its use depends on a variety of factors, including the type of footage it supports. Music has long been distrusted within the documentary community; it has been seen as “manipulative” and inauthentic because it tells the audience how to feel about the actions depicted onscreen. This may be a naive conception of music’s role in film, however; music can also bring out complex layers of emotional information that might otherwise go unnoticed, and may help reveal the “ecstatic truth” of a documentary moment, according to filmmaker Werner Herzog. There are many differences in how music is used in fiction films and in documentary, and most stem from documentary’s perceived relationship with the “real world”; fiction films take place in a make-believe world, whereas documentaries reference “real life” and thus don’t seem to support the emotional embellishment of a music track. Despite this, music is ubiquitous in many documentaries these days. Music is used more often in television documentaries than in those headed for theatrical distribution and is also used more often on scenes that are not in the “cinema verité” style, which are coded as closer to real-time experience. Music can also be a crucial part of defining a documentary’s overall tone.
Harriet Maxwell Converse,
Authors: Winters John C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Harriet Maxwell Converse was adopted by the Snipe Clan in 1884. A savvy defender of Haudenosaunee sovereignty, she had a talent for mobilizing public opinion and became their “chief publicist.” She was given Seneca national membership and an honorary title as a League chief. Converse also built a vast salvage ethnography trading empire that removed vast quantities of Haudenosaunee material culture from their control. Her salvage empire and position as an adoptee and honorary League chief also made her a unique addition to the ranks of contemporary Gilded Age women who took on the responsibility of preserving Americana by saving historic homes and founding historical societies. She, like her dear friend Ely Parker, used her personal notoriety to reinforce on her own terms the idea that the Haudenosaunee, since the beginning, were an integral part of New York’s history and identity.
Is Democracy Worth Supporting?
Authors: Hamid Shadi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 presents the book’s main puzzles and themes, including the question of what to do about America’s democratic dilemma in the Middle East, where the U.S. says it wants democracy in theory but not necessarily its outcomes in practice. Is democracy worth it when it increasingly produces what seem to be destructive outcomes that put lives and livelihoods at risk? Why should mere democratic outcomes and elections take precedence over the other things we hold dear, such as liberalism, human rights, social justice, or racial equality? The book begins presenting an alternative vision for America’s engagement in the region, one that would prioritize supporting democracy over liberalism, when the two are in tension.
Growth Models and Post-Keynesian Macroeconomics
Authors: Stockhammer Engelbert , Onaran Özlem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chapter gives an overview of post-Keynesian economics (PKE) and how it offers a macroeconomic foundation for the growth models approach. It first contrasts the methodological foundations of PKE and discusses differences and similarities to mainstream economics and New Keynesian Economics in particular. Second it presents the main features of PKE: demand-led growth (the goods market), post-Keynesian monetary theory (financial markets), and the theory of induced technological change and how it gives rise to path-dependent growth (the supply side). Third it presents the post-Keynesian theory of demand regimes, which covers distributional growth drivers (wage/profit-led growth) as well as finance and fiscal policy effects. Finally, the chapter discusses financialization, and the return of financial cycles and the central role of real estate prices for macroeconomic performance.
From Fordism to Franchise
Authors: Schwartz Herman Mark 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many analyses of contemporary global and national economies frame their dynamics as a shift from Fordism to a “Knowledge Economy,” which they define using varying combinations of human capital, winner-take-all dynamics, and the transition from manufacturing to services. These analyses obscure the degree to which the core dynamics instead reflect shifts in the legal regimes governing intellectual property rights and corporate organizational forms that have increased the salience of the distributional conflict over profits relative to the distributional conflict between capital and labor. De jure but not de facto corporate vertical disintegration has produced, in ideal typical terms, a three-tier economy composed of human capital and intellectual property-intensive firms, physical capitalism-intensive firms, and low-skill labor-intensive firms. The chapter proposes Franchise Economy rather than Knowledge Economy as a conceptual frame, as this better captures the legal and organizational dynamics of the contemporary global economy, including the so-called platform firms.
The Politics of Growth Model Switching
Authors: Sierra Jazmin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Latin America’s developmental trajectory is shaped by its states’ unsuccessful attempts to switch away from a Growth Model (GM) based upon the extraction and exportation of commodities to one based on manufacturing and services. Contra research that emphasizes the relevance of external constraints, this chapter argues that the persistence of commodity-driven growth is explained by an endogenous distributional dilemma. While governments have clear incentives to promote the interests of the rural sector due to its centrality in commodity-led growth, doing so affects their capacity to promote the urban sector, and thereby successfully switch GMs. This dilemma is traced in three interrelated areas— macroeconomic policies, fiscal policies, and the domestic balance of power—under populist governments after the Great Depression, bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes during the Cold War, and New Left governments during the recent commodity boom.
Rebalancing Balanced Growth
Authors: Erixon Lennart , Pontusson Jonas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that exports were the key driver of Swedish economic growth in the period from 1994 to 2008. In contrast to the German case, however, macroeconomic management and the system of coordinated wage bargaining served to boost domestic demand and to diffuse wage growth and productivity growth from the exposed sector to the sheltered sector. Over this period, the Swedish economy as a whole grew more rapidly than most OECD economies and exports became more diversified, with ICT products and high value-added business services assuming a more important role. We argue further that the Great Recession of 2008 to 2009 precipitated a shift toward a greater reliance of domestic consumption as a growth driver. Expansionary fiscal and especially monetary policy supported this shift, with construction and other sheltered sectors, characterized by lower profit shares than export-oriented manufacturing, becoming prominent actors within the dominant growth coalition.
Confronting Saddam Hussein
Authors: Leffler Melvyn P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based on a unique set of interviews and British and American documents, this book examines the motives for the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, examines the decision-making inside the George W. Bush administration, and assesses the reasons for the chaotic, bloody, and costly occupation. The attack on America on 9/11 by al Qaeda terrorists transformed the thinking and actions of Bush and his top advisers. Bush conceived the administration’s response. Fear, power, and hubris shaped his approach—fear of another attack; pride in American values; and confidence in America’s ability to effectuate change. Worried about another attack on American soil—this time with biological or chemical weapons—Bush turned his attention to Iraq because of Saddam Hussein’s history with weapons of mass destruction and because of his record of aggression, brutality, and duplicity. To achieve his goals, the American president embraced a strategy of coercive diplomacy. If Iraq faced a military threat, Bush hoped Hussein would open his country to inspections, relinquish his alleged weapons of mass destruction, flee, or be toppled. When Hussein admitted inspectors yet remained obstructive, Bush denounced the dictator’s defiance and believed America’s credibility was at stake. Without resolving the ambiguities and inconsistencies in his strategy of coercive diplomacy and failing to assess the consequences of an invasion or to plan effectively for its many contingencies, Bush ordered US troops to invade Iraq. Friction and acrimony within the administration turned the occupation into a tragedy, the consequences of which we are still living with.
A Special Relationship
Authors: Leffler Melvyn P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 describes the special relationship that developed between British prime minister Tony Blair and President Bush. Blair loathed Saddam Hussein for his brutality and duplicity. Like Bush, he believed that Iraq was a looming threat, capable of using its weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to blackmail adversaries. Like Bush, Blair feared that Iraq’s WMD might someday fall into the hands of terrorists, a worry that was magnified when the terrorist Abu Mu’sab al Zarqawi moved into northeast Iraq. Like Bush, Blair believed that Hussein would open up Iraq to weapons inspectors (UNMOVIC) only if faced with military force. Blair sent his national security adviser, David Manning, to Washington to prod Bush to seek a new UN resolution authorizing effective inspections. If Hussein cooperated, which Blair did not expect, the United States and United Kingdom would have to take yes for an answer and not press for regime change.
Deciding
Authors: Leffler Melvyn P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines Bush’s contentious policy process as he decided to practice coercive diplomacy and confront Saddam Hussein. The Iraqi dictator had a choice: allow inspections and disarm or face removal by military force. To practice coercive diplomacy, Bush began implementing his war plans and authorized Secretary of State Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice to work with the British to negotiate a new resolution (1441) in the UN Security Council. To ratchet up pressure, Bush also declassified a new National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction and secured passage of a resolution from Congress authorizing him to use military force against Iraq. Bush’s perception of threat did not abate and he increasingly believed his credibility was at stake.
Resolve
Authors: Leffler Melvyn P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chapter 8 describes why and how George W. Bush resolved to go to war. He felt that Saddam Hussein was testing his credibility and continuing to defy UN resolutions regarding Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction. Hans Blix, the head of UNMOVIC, could not find any of the alleged WMD, but he also felt that Hussein was delaying, prevaricating, and obstructing. British prime minister Tony Blair pressed Bush to work for a new resolution at the United Nations that would find Iraq in breach of its obligations and that would authorize military action. Secretary of State Colin Powell made the American case to the UN and accused Iraq of violating past resolutions, developing WMD, and harboring terrorists. France and Germany, nonetheless, still opposed a second resolution. With American troops now deployed in the region and hot weather approaching, Bush decided to demonstrate his resolve, affirm US credibility, and invade Iraq.
Deafening Whisper
Authors: Robinson Michael A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe American public’s esteem for the armed forces creates a seeming paradox with regards to the military’s credibility in public debate. An important source of the power of military speech is the same one that has made it generally rare: a normative prohibition against military activism in political discourse. However, the more novel influence of partisan polarization requires a reappraisal of the influence of the military voice in the political information space and the impact that it can have on attitude formation. Using the results of original survey experimentation placing military and presidential cues over foreign policy into opposition, this chapter finds that retired, active, and “leaked” military voices have potentially significant influence on public attitudes, particularly among those with high trust in the military. However, the implications of this form of speech are significant for traditional civil-military norms. Using examples from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the chapter observes how these cues can function and their contribution to active politicization mechanisms.
No Time to Explain
Authors: Robinson Michael A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPartisans may be exposed to very different information when rendering judgments about the military’s performance, but civil-military scholars still lack a clear understanding of how that “performance” is judged. Using the results of original survey experimentation exposing respondents to information about military failures, partisan subgroups exhibit starkly different cognitive sensibilities. While Democrats and Independents negatively evaluate the military in response to knowledge of organizational scandals or battlefield failures, Republicans are generally resistant to it. If some partisans are less likely to receive critical information about the military and less likely to hold that institution to account for organizational failures, the result is an environment with a greater potential for politicization. Using examples from the Trump administration, this chapter illustrates how the perception of the military as partisan constituency can lead to relative politicization through extreme party positions or passive politicization when the military is utilized for partisan political gain.
Quietude
Authors: Pilzer Joshua D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
What can be learned from musically encountering others beyond music? Quietude is an attempt to answer this question, a holistic ethnography of the expressive lives of Korean first and second-generation victims of the atomic bombing of Japan, focused on the everyday arts of living that they employ to make life possible and worthwhile. The book documents the practically unknown history of Korean experiences of the atomic bombs and their aftermath, focused on the large community of victims—former residents of Hiroshima and their children—living in Hapcheon, South Korea. It considers victims’ uses of voice, speech, song, and movement in the struggle for national and global recognition, in the ongoing work of negotiating the traumatic past, and in the effort to consolidate and maintain selves and relationships in the present. It attempts to explain the multifaceted atmosphere of quiet that predominates in “Korea’s Hiroshima” by focusing on the poetics of endurance, refusal, and self-effacement in the face of discrimination, the atomic experience, and its politicization.
Living the Good Life, Even Without Trying
Authors: Struck Peter T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aristotle is famously articulate on the complex dimensions of human thriving. His treatises on ethics set out a profound sense in which humans pursue the good. Our multidimensional soul pursues the good “all the way down,” so to speak. It pursues moral and intellectual virtue through our reasoning, it modulates our emotions to use them in propulsion toward beneficial action, and it pursues nutrition to secure the growth and flourishing of the physical body. This chapter posits that our pursuit of the good goes even deeper than that. In the Eudemian Ethics, Aristotle considers two extreme cases of humans pursuing the good. Both lucky people (a class Aristotle is convinced exist) and those who have predictive dreams achieve good outcomes for themselves seemingly without any discernible intervention from their self-aware selves. How does this happen? The answer leads back to some fundamental positions Aristotle takes regarding the workings of cosmos as a whole, and it presents a rich case study on how intellectual history contributes to the possibility for human flourishing.
“Beauty Is Universal”
Authors: Eustace Nicole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Martin Seligman notes that “psychology is not just the study of pathology, weakness, and damage; it is also the study of strength and virtue.” In charting a course for positive psychology, he urges us to examine how psychology can be used to “mak[e] the lives of all people better.” Such laudable goals for the promotion of human progress have animated Western philosophers from the Enlightenment era to this day. At least since Francis Hutcheson published his Inquiry into Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue, theorists have posited a connection between the human perception of beauty and pursuit of virtue. And yet contemporary scholars in a wide range of disciplines also caution that the very notion of virtue, as a universal value, has marked potential to reify existing structures of power, entrenching inequality and injustice. Much work remains to be done in order to understand, and potentially to overcome, the downside of virtue’s progress. This chapter will analyze an unpublished manuscript treatise on moral philosophy by the colonial Pennsylvania polymath James Logan, a deeply read Quaker who was committed to the ideal of moral equality among all humankind, yet who also a practitioner of slavery. Mapping the contours of Logan’s arguments can allow us to better understand an American paradox: the often regressive impact of beliefs in universal beauty and virtue.
Striving, Joy, and Sadness
Authors: LeBuffe Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers detailed accounts of Part 3 of Spinoza’s Ethics. It includes four sections, reflecting four major parts of Spinoza’s argument. The first section emphasizes Spinoza’s naturalism in his account of human action and passion. The second section concerns the human striving for perseverance in being that founds theories of desire, passion, and active affects in the Ethics. The third section investigates the details of Spinoza’s account of human passion. The fourth section characterizes human affections that Spinoza emphasizes at the end of Ethics 3 and that hold particular importance for his moral and political theory: wonder, self-esteem, active desire, nobility, and tenacity.
Jesús Malverde
Authors: Calvo-Quirós William A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The first “saint” is Jesús Malverde, a “generous bandit” famous for stealing from the rich and giving to the poor in the Mexican state of Sinaloa around the turn of the twentieth century. This chapter explores how Sinaloa locals use oral narratives about Malverde (1910) to navigate (and imagine) their encounters with late modernity and the anxieties generated by massive industrialization, land reforms, American economic intervention, and the decline of the peasant class during the tumultuous Porfírio Díaz dictatorship (1876–1910), leading to the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920). The chapter follows how the figure of Malverde morphed in the 1970s, when the current canonical image of Malverde was created by using the face of one of the most famous men from Mexican cinema’s golden age, Pedro Infante, both as a way to represent the saint and as an expression of a nationalist “ideal masculinity.” The chapter culminates in a discussion of the contemporary veneration of Malverde as a narco-saint, examining his devotion within the contemporary context of narco-capitalism and the war on drugs—a context that in many ways reflects the turn-of-the-century conditions in which Malverde first emerged, because of income inequality in both periods, radical economic and social changes, political upheaval, rising authoritarianism, and so on. As the chapter explains, saints serve a need in the time and place in which they emerge. They tell us something important about what their devotees need and want.
The Cartel System of States
Authors: Acharya Avidit , Lee Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn modern times, international borders reflect discontinuous changes in political authority, no matter what the inconveniences are for the individuals that they separate. What explains this fact? Why are the citizens of neighboring regions that happen to lie across an international border often subject to very different governance systems? We argue that the defining feature of the modern territorial state system is the local, bounded, monopoly that states have in governing their citizens. States refuse to violate each other’s monopolies, even when they could do so easily. We examine what makes this system stable, when and how it emerged, how it spread, how it has been challenged, what led it to be so resilient over time, and how might it change in the future.
The Cartel Takes Over
Authors: Acharya Avidit , Lee Alexander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAt the beginning of the 19th century, the cartel system was in effect mainly in Europe. This chapter discusses how the system spread outside of Europe during the period of Western imperialism. East Asian countries were forced to conform to the expectations of the cartel as it suited European powers, while Africa and the Americas were conquered and divided by colonial powers. While the cartel system was initially alien to local practice in most of these places, local elites quickly made full membership a policy goal. The cartel system remains one of the most enduring legacies of the period of European expansion and growth, though its operation in many parts of the developing world today remains imperfect.
Dark Times
Authors: Silber Norman I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ettore Calabresi, Guido’s grandfather, had successfully established himself in Ferrara, Italy, by the dawn of the First World War. In the years following the War, in Ferrara, became a scene of conflict between Socialists, Communists, and Nationalists. The first “fascio di combattimento”—band of combatants—was formed by Mussolini in Milan in March 1919. In the factories and countryside, especially in the Romagna and Lombardy regions, major strikes took place under the leadership of Socialists and Communists. The strikes in turn gave rise to a cycle of violence, as Fascists carried out attacks and reprisal assassinations against Socialists. Against this background Ferrara became a difficult place to conduct business or engage in moderate political activity without antagonizing one group or another. Ettore found it necessary to leave Ferrara.
Departure and Arrival
Authors: Silber Norman I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Repressive Fascism and virulent anti-Semitism converged on leftist Italian Jews with great force during 1937. Republican government crumbled and political opponents were attacked violently and driven away. Anti-Semitic agitation also surged, together with Mussolini’s preparations for an alliance with Hitler. Historian Alexander Stille points out that in that year a new book, The Jews in Italy, launched “an attack on Italian Jews thinly disguised as a disinterested scholarly analysis”; it provided “a pretext for raising “the Jewish Question” throughout the country. As hardships and dangers increased, and opportunities to address them diminished, many considered going into exile.