bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving multimorbidity measurement using individualized disease-specific quality of life impact assessments: predictive validity of a new comorbidity index
Authors: McEntee Mindy L. , Gandek Barbara , Ware John E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Interpretation of health-related quality of life (QOL) outcomes requires improved methods to control for the effects of multiple chronic conditions (MCC). This study systematically compared legacy and improved method effects of aggregating MCC on the accuracy of predictions of QOL outcomes.

Methods
Online surveys administered generic physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) QOL outcome measures, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), an expanded chronic condition checklist (CCC), and individualized QOL Disease-specific Impact Scale (QDIS) ratings in a developmental sample (N = 5490) of US adults. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, regression models compared 12- and 35-condition checklists, mortality vs. population QOL-weighting, and population vs. individualized QOL weighting methods. Analyses were cross-validated in an independent sample (N = 1220) representing the adult general population. Models compared estimates of variance explained (adjusted R2) and model fit (AIC) for generic PCS and MCS across aggregation methods at baseline and nine-month follow-up.

Results
In comparison with sociodemographic-only regression models (MCS R2 = 0.08, PCS = 0.09) and Charlson CCI models (MCS R2 = 0.12, PCS = 0.16), increased variance was accounted for using the 35-item CCC (MCS R2 = 0.22, PCS = 0.31), population MCS/PCS QOL weighting (R2 = 0.31–0.38, respectively) and individualized QDIS weighting (R2 = 0.33 & 0.42). Model R2 and fit were replicated upon cross-validation.

Conclusions
Physical and mental outcomes were more accurately predicted using an expanded MCC checklist, population QOL rather than mortality CCI weighting, and individualized rather than population QOL weighting for each reported condition. The 3-min combination of CCC and QDIS ratings (QDIS-MCC) warrant further testing for purposes of predicting and interpreting QOL outcomes affected by MCC.
Higher-order p-Laplacian boundary value problems with resonance of dimension two on the half-line
Authors: Iyase S. A. , Imaga O. F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe apply the extension of coincidence degree to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one solution for a class of higher-order p-Laplacian boundary value problems with two-dimensional kernel on the half-line. The result obtained improves and generalizes some of the known results on p-Laplacian boundary value problems in the literature. We also validate our result with an example.
The effect of birth order on length of hospitalization for pediatric traumatic brain injury: an analysis of the 1987 Finnish birth cohort
Authors: Omer Mazin , Posti Jussi P. , Gissler Mika , Merikukka Marko , Hoffmann Ildiko , Bärnighausen Till , Wilson Michael Lowery 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study examines the relationship between birth order and length of hospitalization due to pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsWe prospectively followed 59,469 Finnish newborns from 1987 until age 18 years. Data on first diagnosis of TBI was recorded within the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort (FBC). Hospitalization period was divided into two categories: 2 days or less and more than 2 days. The latter was considered in this study as longer hospitalization.ResultsCompared with first born siblings, later born siblings had an increased risk of a longer hospitalization for TBI (12.7% of fourth or higher born birth children diagnosed with TBI were hospitalized for 2 or more days, 11.3% of first born, 10.4% of third born and 9.0% of second born). Fourth or higher born children were more likely to experience a repeat TBI; 13.4% of fourth or higher born children diagnosed with TBI had 2–3 TBIs during the study period compared to 9% of third born, 7.8% of second born and 8.8% of the first born. Injuries in the traffic environment and falls were the most common contributors to pediatric TBI and occurred most frequently in the fourth or higher birth category; 29.3% of TBIs among fourth or higher birth order were due to transport accidents and 21% were due to falls.ConclusionsThis study revealed a significant increase in risk for longer hospitalization due to TBI among later born children within the same sibling group. The study provides epidemiological evidence on birth order as it relates to TBI, and its potential to help to explain some of the statistical variability in pediatric TBI hospitalization over time in this population.
A plastic and reconstructive surgery landscape assessment of Malawi: a scoping review of Malawian literature
Authors: Msokera Chifundo , Xepoleas Meredith , Collier Zachary J. , Naidu Priyanka , Magee William 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) remains highly relevant to the unmet need for surgery in Malawi. Better understanding the current PRS landscape and its barriers may help address some of these challenges. This scoping review aimed to describe: (1) the scope and focus of the PRS literature being produced in Malawi and (2) the challenges, deficits, and barriers to providing accessible, high-quality PRS in Malawi.

Methods
This scoping review was conducted on four databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE) from inception through September 1, 2020 following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Results
The database search retrieved 3852 articles, of which 31 were included that examined the burden of PRS-related conditions in Malawi. Of these 31 articles, 25 primarily discussed burn-related care. Burns injuries have a high mortality rate; between 27 and 75% in the studies. The literature revealed that there are only two burn units nationally with one PRS specialist in each unit, compounded by a lack of interest in PRS specialization by Malawian medical students. Congenital anomalies were the only other PRS-related condition examined and reported in the literature, accounting for 23% of all pediatric surgeries in tertiary facilities.

Conclusions
There is a need to increase the country's capacity to handle burn reconstruction and other PRS-related conditions to reduce overall morbidity and mortality. Additional publicly funded research at the district and community level is warranted to determine the true burden of PRS disease in Malawi to derive health system strengthening and workforce capacity building strategies.
Codesign with more-than-humans: toward a meta co-design tool for human-non-human collaborations
Authors: Romani Alessia , Casnati Francesca , Ianniello Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhat does more-than-human mean? How can we, as humans, understand that our ecology is only one of the many that do exist within the world? Furthermore, in which way should we step aside to let all ecological actors exercise their agency? And, more specifically, what should be the role of design and designers in tackling complex issues and in contributing to a major shift in thoughts? These questions fostered a reflection on the relation between possible futures and the design practice itself and set the basis for the creation of a provotype. A provotype (from “provocation” and “prototype”) is a conceptual product or an artifact whose objective is to foster reflections and provoke discussions mainly concerning social and environmental sustainability, innovations, and technologies, leaving gaps to be filled with the audience imagination.The research reported in this contribution deals with issues and questions that fall under the umbrella of the topic of alternative biopolitics in future scenarios: how can we co-design with more-than-human actors? In which way can symbiosis between different entities be achieved? What is the meaning of interspecies justice, and which should be the steps to follow to fulfill it? And, finally, maybe the most significant question to focus on: how can communication between different entities be fostered? The designed provotype consists of a fictional event (“The first Multispecies Symposium”) which takes place in 2100, further helped the researchers in opening new reflections that made it possible to experiment with participatory design and to finalize a tool that can be used to share and expand reflections about futures without hierarchies, not human-centered, sustainable progress and hope, participative futures.
Is inequitable teacher sorting on the rise? Cross-national evidence from 20 years of TIMSS
Authors: Glassow Leah Natasha , Jerrim John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnequal access to qualified teachers for children of different socioeconomic status—also known as inequitable teacher sorting—has been increasingly put forth as one potential factor contributing to the socioeconomic achievement gap. Despite this, few studies have investigated cross-national differences in teacher sorting, and none have examined it within-countries over time. International large-scale assessments in education are uniquely positioned to answer such questions due to their longitudinal nature at the system level. This study uses six waves of data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) from 1999 to 2019 for 32 education systems. We compare differences in grade 8 mathematics teacher qualifications for each country at each time point, across top and bottom groups on the student socioeconomic spectrum. Results show that on the whole many countries display negligible gaps in access to teacher quality, with some key exceptions. With respect to inequity in novice teacher sorting, the problem is most prevalent in low- and middle- income education systems (i.e. in Turkey, Morocco, Tunisia and Indonesia). Inequity in sorting based on mathematics education is less common, with no clear pattern in regards to level of economic development (i.e. in Chile, Australia, New Zealand, and Chinese Taipei). Socio-economic inequality in teacher sorting has also remained broadly stable over time. Based on experience and mathematics education, less than a handful of systems show systematic upward trends in teacher sorting inequity (i.e. in Chile, Morocco, Singapore, and New Zealand). Given the increasing focus on inequity in access to teacher competence, these results have economic and policy implications for tackling the socioeconomic achievement gap.
A primer on continuous-time modeling in educational research: an exemplary application of a continuous-time latent curve model with structured residuals (CT-LCM-SR) to PISA Data
Authors: Lohmann Julian F. , Zitzmann Steffen , Voelkle Manuel C. , Hecht Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOne major challenge of longitudinal data analysis is to find an appropriate statistical model that corresponds to the theory of change and the research questions at hand. In the present article, we argue that continuous-time models are well suited to study the continuously developing constructs of primary interest in the education sciences and outline key advantages of using this type of model. Furthermore, we propose the continuous-time latent curve model with structured residuals (CT-LCM-SR) as a suitable model for many research questions in the education sciences. The CT-LCM-SR combines growth and dynamic modeling and thus provides descriptions of both trends and process dynamics. We illustrate the application of the CT-LCM-SR with data from PISA reading literacy assessment of 2000 to 2018 and provide a tutorial and annotated code for setting up the CT-LCM-SR model.
Hadean/Eoarchean tectonics and mantle mixing induced by impacts: a three-dimensional study
Authors: Borgeat Xavier , Tackley Paul J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe timing of the onset of plate tectonics on Earth remains a topic of strong debate, as does the tectonic mode that preceded modern plate tectonics. Understanding possible tectonic modes and transitions between them is also important for other terrestrial planets such as Venus and rocky exoplanets. Recent two-dimensional modelling studies have demonstrated that impacts can initiate subduction during the early stages of terrestrial planet evolution—the Hadean and Eoarchean in Earth’s case. Here, we perform three-dimensional simulations of the influence of ongoing multiple impacts on early Earth tectonics and its effect on the distribution of compositional heterogeneity in the mantle, including the distribution of impactor material (both silicate and metallic). We compare two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations to determine when geometry is important. Results show that impacts can induce subduction in both 2-D and 3-D and thus have a great influence on the global tectonic regime. The effect is particularly strong in cases that otherwise display stagnant-lid tectonics: impacts can shift them to having a plate-like regime. In such cases, however, plate-like behaviour is temporary: as the impactor flux decreases the system returns to what it was without impacts. Impacts result in both greater production of oceanic crust and greater recycling of it, increasing the build-up of subducted crust above the core-mantle boundary and in the transition zone. Impactor material is mainly located in the upper mantle, at least at the end of the modelled 500-million-year period. In 2-D simulations, in contrast to 3-D simulations, impacts are less frequent but each has a larger effect on surface mobility, making the simulations more stochastic. These stronger 2-D subduction events can mix both recycled basalt and impactor material into the lower mantle. These results thus demonstrate that impacts can make a first-order difference to the early tectonics and mantle mixing of Earth and other large terrestrial planets, and that three-dimensional simulations are important to obtain less stochastic results, and also to not over- or under-predict the amount of impactor material mixed into the mantle and the time during which a specific tectonic regime acts.
Overweight and obesity and associated factors among adult ART patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kure Ashenafi , Abebe Amene , Baza Daniel , Paulos Wondimagegn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Overweight and obesity complicates the care and treatment of ART patients and predispose them to chronic non-communicable diseases. However, there is a shortage of research evidence on overweight and obesity and its associated factors among adult ART patients in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed to asses overweight and obesity and associated factors among adult ART patients at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted by using systematic sampling technique. Primary and secondary data were collected from 369 adult ART patients from February to May 2017. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and laboratory outputs were used as primary data. The patient’s baseline medical records were used as secondary data. Ethiopian Ministry of Health ART patient’s follow-up tool was used to collect the required information. The standard laboratory and well-calibrated digital Seca Scale and portable Stadio-meter were used to collect medical and anthropometric data. Data were entered into Epi- data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and presented by tables, graphs and texts. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed and the level of statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was 43.4% (95% CI = 43.35, 43.45). The difference in the overweight and obesity between the study period and initial commencement of ART was 35%. The course of HIV chronic care since the commencement of ART and during the study was 35%. Higher recent CD4 counts (200-499cells/mm3) (AOR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.04–9.49) and (≥ 500 cells/mm3) (AOR = 7.58, 95%CI = 2.49–23.08), hypertension (AOR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.24–5.35), higher baseline BMI status (AOR = 5.93, 95%CI = 2.62–13.40) and abdominal obesity (AOR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.07–3.10) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity.

Conclusion
In this study, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult ART patients was reported compared to general adult population in Ethiopia. Overweight and obesity were significantly higher among hypertensive, with higher recent CD4 counts and abdominal obese ART patients. Thus, screening of overweight and obesity, incorporating nutritionist/dietician into the routine chronic care, and regular monitoring of the nutritional status of ART patients is recommended.
An unique case of isolated right upper lobe lung agenesis with abnormal middle lobe segmentation
Authors: Panduranga Shruthi , V Harisha , Mehta Ravindra M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Isolated right upper lobe pulmonary agenesis is a highly uncommon congenital anomaly, usually detected at adulthood when the patient is evaluated for an incidental abnormal chest radiograph. Chest radiography findings are non-specific. Chest computed tomography with pulmonary angiography is the modality of choice for diagnosing pulmonary agenesis.

Case presentation
We describe a case of isolated right upper lobe agenesis in a young man who presented with mild shortness of breath and an abnormal chest radiograph. High-resolution computed tomography chest showed right upper lobe pulmonary agenesis which was initially erroneously diagnosed as right lower lobe collapse on chest X-ray. Abnormal segmentation of the middle lobe was also seen which has not been described earlier according to our literature search.

Conclusions
There should be a high index of suspicion for congenital anomalies on chest X-ray to recommend further imaging studies. This case highlights the importance of computed tomography with pulmonary angiography to adequately assess and characterize the congenital lung anomalies.
Examining the common and specific grey matter abnormalities in childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation
Authors: Lim Lena , Khor Chiea Chuen 
Published: July 2022

Background
Early-life interpersonal stress, particularly childhood maltreatment, is associated with neurobiological abnormalities. However, few studies have investigated the neural effects of peer victimisation.

Aims
This study examines common and specific associations between childhood maltreatment, peer victimisation and brain structural alterations in youths.

Method
Grey matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness data were collected from 105 age- and gender-matched youths (age range: 17–21 years). Region-of-interest and whole-brain analyses were conducted.

Results
For the region-of-interest analyses, the childhood maltreatment group had smaller GMV than controls in left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior insula, postcentral and lingual regions, which were associated with greater emotional abuse, along with smaller insular GMV than the peer victimisation group, who had smaller left lingual and postcentral GMV than controls. At the whole-brain level, both childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation groups had smaller GMV than controls in a cluster comprising left post/precentral, inferior frontal gyrus, insula, superior parietal and supramarginal gyri. The peer victimisation group alone had increased cortical thickness in a cluster comprising left superior frontal, anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal gyri, which was related to greater cyberbullying.

Conclusions
Early-life interpersonal stress is associated with common structural alterations of the inferior frontal-limbic, sensory and lingual regions involved in cognitive control, emotion and sensory processing. The findings of childhood-maltreatment-related reduced anterior insular GMV and peer-victimisation-related increased cortical thickness in the left medial prefrontal-anterior cingulate cluster underscore the distinctive negative effects of childhood maltreatment and peer victimisation, and suggest that peer victimisation, particularly cyberbullying, could be as detrimental as childhood maltreatment.
Intensive Multimodality Therapy for Extraocular Retinoblastoma: A Children's Oncology Group Trial (ARET0321)
Authors: Dunkel Ira J. , Piao Jin , Chantada Guillermo L. , Banerjee Anuradha , Abouelnaga Sherif , Buchsbaum Jeffrey C. , Merchant Thomas E. , Granger Meaghan M. , Jubran Rima F. , Weinstein Joanna L. , Saguilig Lauren , Abramson David H. , Krailo Mark D. , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Chintagumpala Murali M. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSEMetastatic retinoblastoma has a poor prognosis when treated with conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT). Intensified therapy may improve the outcome.METHODSA prospective, international trial enrolled patients with extraocular retinoblastoma. Patients with stage II or III (locoregional) retinoblastoma received four cycles of chemotherapy, followed by involved field RT (45 Gy). Patients with stage IVa or IVb (metastatic or trilateral) retinoblastoma also received four cycles of chemotherapy and those with ≥ partial response then received one cycle of high-dose carboplatin, thiotepa, and etoposide with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support. Patients with stage IVa or IVb with residual tumor postchemotherapy received RT. The proportion of patients who achieved event-free survival would be reported and compared with historical controls separately for each of the three groups of patients.RESULTSFifty-seven eligible patients were included in the analyses. Event-free survival at 1 year was 88.1% (90% CI, 66.6 to 96.2) for stage II-III, 82.6% (90% CI, 61.0 to 92.9) for stage IVa, and 28.3% (90% CI, 12.7 to 46.2) for stage IVb/trilateral. Toxicity was significant as expected and included two therapy-related deaths.CONCLUSIONIntensive multimodality therapy is highly effective for patients with regional extraocular retinoblastoma and stage IVa metastatic retinoblastoma. Although the study met its aim for stage IVb, more effective therapy is still required for patients with CNS involvement (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00554788 ).