bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of the volume, duration, and intensity of physical activity with incident dementia: A COSMIC collaborative cohort study
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Ding Ding , Zhao Qianhua , Xiao Zhenxu , Ganguli Mary , Haan Mary , Lima‐Costa Maria Fernanda , Costa Erico , Ng Tze Pin , Gureje Oye , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Brodaty Henry , Lipton Richard B , Katz Mindy J , Lipnicki Darren M , Sachdev Perminder S ,   for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsistent evidence suggested that physical activity (PA) may delay dementia onset. However, the dose‐response association between PA and dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between the volume, duration, and intensity of PA and incident dementia among older adults across diverse geographic regions.MethodWe harmonized longitudinal data from nine community‐based cohorts in seven countries covering five continents in the Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC). The frequency and duration of performing various PAs per week were collected through questionnaires. Each activity was assigned a metabolic equivalent value (MET). The volume of each PA (MET‐hours) was calculated as the MET multiplied by the hours spent performing the activity. The average PA intensity was calculated as the total volume divided by the total duration hours of PA. Incident dementia was diagnosed after a median of 5.4 years of follow‐up. To explore the dose‐response associations, participants who reported doing regular PA were categorized into subgroups with stratified levels of the volume, duration, or intensity of PA. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of incident dementia in each group with the lowest volume, duration, or intensity as the reference group. Age, sex, educational year, cohort, APOE, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and depression were adjusted as the confounders.ResultA total of 8849 participants (51921 person‐years of follow‐up) were included in our analysis. Compared to engaging in low‐intensity activities (2.3≤MET≤3), engaging in moderate to high‐intensity activities was associated with a lower risk of incident dementia (3.00<MET≤4.00, adjusted HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.59‐1.08; MET>4, adjusted HR=0.58, 95% CI=0.40‐0.84; p for trend=0.004) . There was no significant dose‐response relationship between the volume or duration of PA and the risk of incident dementia.ConclusionOur analysis demonstrated a dose‐response association between PA intensity (but not volume or duration) and dementia risk. This evidence could potentially enrich the current recommendations for the protective effect of PA on dementia onset. While waiting for additional evidence from randomized interventions, older adults may be encouraged to perform a higher intensity of PA to preserve cognition.
Longitudinal association between falls and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) in the community dwelling elderly population
Authors: Tyagi Pallavi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundFalls are higher amongst elderly with ADRD and are a major cause of functional impairment and increased mortality. The primary purpose of this study was to examine if fall status of community dwelling elderly residents with and without ADRD differ over a four year period and additionally, does receipt of rehabilitation in any year modify this association.MethodData for this analysis was drawn from the 2015‐2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Participants included sample persons (N=3,235) age 65 and older who resided in the community or residential care facilities that were not nursing homes. Baseline characteristics of individuals in ADRD (n= 264) and non‐ADRD group (n=2,971) was compared using chi square statistic. A generalized estimating equation model (multivariate logistic regression) was used to estimate odds ratio of falls in the two groups, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical conditions that are predictors of fall risk.ResultAt baseline, ADRD group comprised of older, increased number of racial/ethnic minorities other than non‐Hispanic Whites, more frail individuals who reported increased use of assistive device (AD) and had a presence of depression. Those in the non‐ADRD group at baseline had significantly decreased odds for falls, however no statistically significant change was observed for fall status over four years in the two groups (non‐ADRD vs ADRD) and this association was not modified by receipt of rehabilitation. Males had decreased odds ratio (OR 0.87, 95% CI ‐0.22, ‐0. 012) for falls compared to females in both groups and compared to non‐Hispanic Whites, those who were non‐Hispanic Blacks (OR 0.59, 95% CI ‐0.66, ‐0.36) and Blacks (0.58, 95%CI ‐0.82, ‐0.25) had decreased odds ratio for falls. Those who used AD, had depression and received rehabilitation services showed increased odds for falls. No differences were found in terms of fall status for those who lived alone and were frail.ConclusionFuture studies should examine the bi‐directional interplay between falls and rehabilitation with inclusion of other predictors of fall risk in elderly with ADRD. This can provide further evidence on whether rehabilitation can be used as an effective non‐pharmacological intervention in the management of elderly with ADRD.
The association between self‐reported sleep and hippocampus volume in mid‐life to older cognitively unimpaired individuals
Authors: Kholghi Mahnoosh , Fazlollahi Amir , Lupton Michelle K. , Bourgeat Pierrick , McAloney Kerrie , Zhang Qing , Fripp Jurgen , Karunanithi Mohan , Martin Nicholas G. , Breakspear Michael ,   PISA (Prospective Imaging Study of Aging: Genes, Brain and Behaviour)
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbances and hippocampal atrophy both increases with normal ageing. However, there are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association of sleep and Hippocampus Volume (HV) in humans, from an inverse to no relationship between HV and poor sleep, or even a direct association in one study. We aim to first investigate the effect of age and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) on self‐reported sleep measures in mid‐life to older (43–77‐year‐old) cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, and then explore any relationship between their hippocampus volume and sleep across age.Method170 middle to old age (43 to 77 years of age) CU adults (age 60.8.2±6.4, 129 Females, and 96 APOE ε4 carriers) underwent 3T MRI scan and completed the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) as part of the PISA study. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) were used to study the effect of age and APOE on different sleep variables and also examine the relationship between sleep and hippocampus volume. HV was normalised using total intracranial volume. Gender and APOE were used as independent covariates.ResultNo significant difference found on sleep between ε4 carriers and ε4 non‐carriers. There was a significant association between age and some of the self‐reported sleep measures (i.e., PSQI subscales). With ageing, sleep efficiency decreased (p‐value=0.01), sleep latency increased (p‐value=0.05), and sleep became poorer (p‐value=0.05), as the PSQI global score increased (). Also, male subjects reported a better sleep quality (p‐value=0.02), and less usage of sleep medications (p‐value=0.04) compared to females. There was no association between sleep and HV.ConclusionAgeing has a significant effect on some aspects of sleep, including sleep efficiency and sleep latency. Among cognitively unimpaired mid‐life to older adults, females are more prone to poor sleep than men. However, no sleep‐HV association was observed.
Marine n‐3 fatty acids and cognitive change among older adults in the VITAL randomized trial
Authors: Kang Jae Hee , Vyas Chirag M , Okereke Olivia I , Ogata Soshiro , Albert Michelle , Lee I‐Min , D'Agostino Denise , Buring Julie E , Cook Nancy R , Grodstein Fran , Manson JoAnn E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHigh intake of marine omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids has been associated with lower risk of cognitive decline; however, few large‐scale, long‐term randomized trials have been conducted. We evaluated n‐3 supplementation (1 gram/day, including 840 mg of EPA + DHA) and change in cognitive function over 2‐3 years.MethodCommunity‐dwelling participants aged 60+ years (mean[SD]=70.9[5.8]y) in the Vitamin D and Omega‐3 Trial (VITAL) were included: 3424 had cognitive function assessment by phone (VITAL‐Cog; 8 neuropsychological tests; mean follow‐up=2.8 years) and 794 were evaluated in‐person at the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (CTSC‐Cog; 9 neuropsychological tests; mean follow‐up=2.0 years). The primary, pre‐specified outcome was a global composite score (average z‐scores across all tests) of change over two assessments. We used multivariable‐adjusted linear mixed models and meta‐analyzed the results for the two settings.ResultWe observed no significant effect of n‐3 supplementation on the global composite score: the mean difference in annual rate of change for the n‐3 versus placebo group was ‐0.01 standard units (95% CI:‐0.02,0.003) in VITAL‐Cog and ‐0.002 (95% CI:‐0.04,0.03) in CTSC‐Cog; the pooled mean difference was ‐0.01 (95%CI:‐0.02,0.003; p=0.15). For secondary outcomes of change in verbal memory, executive function/attention and general cognition, we observed null results to trends of adverse associations with n‐3 treatment versus placebo that were not statistically significant after multiple‐testing correction. In pre‐specified secondary analyses, we observed no significant interaction of the intervention with baseline plasma omega‐3 fatty acid levels for the global composite score (pooled p‐interaction=0.37).ConclusionMarine n‐3 supplementation (1 gram/day) did not confer cognitive benefits over 2‐3 years in community‐dwelling older adults.
Skin carotenoid content is associated with speed of processing in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Sullivan Debra K , Taylor Matthew K , Gibson Cheryl A , Backes James M , Burns Jeffrey M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrain and retinal carotenoid content have been linked to cognitive function in older adults. Although skin carotenoid is correlated with retinal content, the relationship of skin carotenoid and cognition in older adults is unknown. Measurement of skin carotenoid is non‐invasive, quick, and easy to obtain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between skin carotenoid concentration and cognitive performance in a population of cognitively normal, older adults.MethodBaseline data from 101 cognitively normal older adults participating in a nutrition intervention study (Nutrition Interventions for Cognitive Enhancement study; NICE study) were analyzed. Skin carotenoid content was measured using pressure‐mediated reflection spectroscopy by the Veggie Meter® (Longevity Link Corporation). A comprehensive cognitive battery was conducted by a trained psychometrician. The NICE cognitive battery includes three age and education corrected cognition tests from the NIH‐Toolbox Cognition Battery – the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention, and Dimensional Change Card Sort Tests. We tested the relationship between skin carotenoid content and corrected NIH‐Toolbox test T‐scores using ordinary least squares regression adjusted for sex and BMI. Statistical model assumptions were evaluated through residual analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using R (v. 3.6.2; R Foundation, Vienna, Austria) and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultMost participants were female (80.2%) and overweight (BMI of 28.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2) with a mean age of 71.8 ± 4.9 years. Mean skin carotenoid content was 275.1 ± 81.8. Higher skin carotenoid content was correlated with faster speed of processing (Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test: b = ‐0.21, p = 0.03), but skin carotenoids were not related to tests of attention or executive function (Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test: b = 0.12, p = 0.26 and Dimensional Change Card Sort Test: b = 0.07, p = 0.47).ConclusionThe measurement of skin carotenoids may be a useful tool to identify a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease. These findings will be further investigated utilizing the final sample size of the NICE Study (n=200).
Feasibility of the Savvy Caregiver program for care providers of LGBTQ adults living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Authors: Flatt Jason D , Pollock Kiera , Lee Rebecca , Song Yeonsu , Wharton Whitney , Anderson Joel G 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBy 2030, there will be nearly six million lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ) older adults aged 50 and older in the U.S.; this number will more than double by 2050. Approximately 350,000 LGBTQ older adults in the U.S. currently have Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), with projections nearing 1 million by 2030. LGBTQ older adults face distinct challenges impacting their ability to receive adequate and inclusive care, as well as services for informal caregivers due to living alone, the inability to rely on traditional family supports, higher risks for disability, and experiencing discrimination when seeking aging‐related social services.MethodsWe partnered with the Los Angeles LGBT Center, Senior Services to evaluate the: 1) Adaptation of the Savvy Caregiver training program for care providers of LGBTQ older adults living with AD; and 2) Determine the feasibility and acceptability of the Savvy program. Data comes from caregivers (n=18) who completed the 6 session, 12‐hour training for Savvy.ResultsThe average age of care providers was 66 (range: 52‐82), and over half (56%) identified as a LGB and 6% as transgender. Overall, care providers were very satisfied with the overall program, strategies, information, and activities of the tailored Savvy Caregiver program. For instance, all participants (100%) reported being more knowledgeable of dementia care and that they would recommend the program to others. Nearly 90% of participants found the content to be relevant to their personal situation, reported gaining new skills, and felt that the class format/number of sessions was appropriate.DiscussionWe developed a community partnership with the Los Angeles LGBT Center on the needs of LGBTQ older adults living with ADRD and their care providers. This is the first known study regarding the adaptability and feasibility of the Savvy Caregiver program for care providers of LGBTQ older adults living with ADRD. There is need for additional research to promote culturally relevant aging services and behavioral interventions for care providers of LGBTQ older adults living with ADRD.
In Covid‐19 pandemic, quarantine measures affect daily living activities in normal individuals, but do not change the cognitive state
Authors: Şahiner Türker AH , Şahiner Melike , Cinar Nilgun ,   Beynex Research Group
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus COVID‐19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. Due to the measures taken to prevent the disease and especially the curfew, the social life of people has been severely affected. It is a matter of curiosity how the cognitive state is affected during this period.MethodBEYNEX computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been used in android and ios environments as a smartphone and tablet application in July 2020. In this application, the scores obtained from the gamified cognitive exercises presented on the internet are presented in 8 different cognitive parameters in graphics (Memory, Visual Perception, Speed, Problem‐solving, Flexibility, Attention, Language Skills, Arithmetic). All exercises designed within the parameters used by clinicians and are completely unique. Every 2 weeks, users are asked questions that evaluate themselves and their daily life activities. The data of the user, who scores between 1 and 10 for each question, is also stored graphically.ResultThe BEYNEX/Turkey data used in this study belong to the last four months of 2020 when quarantine measures are gradually increased. Data of an average of 250 people aged 20 to 85 were analyzed in a total of 4 months between September / December 2021. When the monthly data of the users were compared in the 4‐month period with quarantine, there was no statistical difference in 8 different cognitive parameters (Figure 1) (Table 1). However, there were important statistical differences in their responses to the questions they evaluated themselves (Figure 2) (Table 2). Less time spent on hobbies, reading, shopping, and friend conversations, while much more time on sleep and social media (Table 3). Interestingly, users rated their memory and emotional states with a high score.ConclusionWith internet applications, societal analyzes give results in a noticeably short time with a very low cost. Contrary to popular belief, large crises affect individual lifestyle more than cognitive parameters. It is obvious that cognitive impairment will occur if the measures involve much longer time frames.
Clinical validation of the Lumipulse G β‐amyloid ratio (1‐42/1‐40) in a subset of ADNI CSF samples
Authors: Esquivel Rianne N. , Benina Natalya , Hawkins Douglas M. , De Simone Francesca , Le Bastard Nathalie , Vandijck Manu , Gannon Sara , Latham Jessica , Radwan Rachel R. , Dickson Diana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe CSF Lumipulse G β‐Amyloid Ratio (1‐42/1‐40) provides a potential alternative to amyloid PET testing for patients with cognitive impairment to receive an assessment of their amyloid status. Clinical validation of amyloid CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is critical to ensure accurate assessment of patients. A cutoff of 0.058 was previously established in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort consisting of 235 individuals with various cognitive complaints and corresponding amyloid PET imaging results. Here we present clinical validation of the cutoff in a blinded clinical study of Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) CSF samples measured on the Lumipulse G1200.MethodA subset of CSF samples from the ADNI biobank was used to validate the cutoff of 0.058. Samples included had amyloid PET images derived from an FDA approved tracer (Florbetapir F18) and method and subjects were ≥50 years (n=274). Demographics included 69% amyloid‐PET positive; mean age 73 years; 44% female; MMSE range 12‐30; and diagnoses: mild cognitive impairment (n=170) or AD (n=104). CSF Aβ42 and Aβ40 were measured using the LUMIPULSE G1200 (Fujirebio). Positive and negative percent agreement (PPA and NPA) and Overall Percent Agreement (OPA) were calculated based on agreement with PET imaging results. Three independent neuroradiologists (2 readers and an adjudicator, when necessary) blinded to all other clinical data, reviewed the scans and provided a visual interpretation according to FDA‐approved labeling. The adjudicated PET read was used in the analysis. Clinical data for the ADNI samples were not received until after testing was completed.ResultAt a set cutoff of 0.058 the Lumipulse G β‐Amyloid Ratio (1‐42/1‐40) demonstrated a PPA and NPA of 86.3% (CI 80.7% – 90.5%) and 92.9% (CI 85.3% – 96.7%) respectively with an OPA of 88.3% (CI 84.0%‐91.6%).ConclusionThe Lumipulse G β‐Amyloid Ratio (1‐42/1‐40) ratio strongly correlates with PET status. Performance of the CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio reflects published agreement obtained by readers when interpreting PET images. Importantly, use of the CSF ratio can reduce costs to patients and provide greater ease of access to testing. In conjunction with clinical assessment the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio can serve as a highly effective biomarker to assess amyloid status.
Cornel iridoid glycoside protects against STAT1‐dependent synapse and memory deficits by increasing NMDA receptor expression in tau transgenic mice
Authors: Ma Denglei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundP301S transgenic mice is an animal model of tauopathy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), exhibiting tau pathology and synaptic dysfunction. Cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) is an active ingredient extracted from Cornus officinalis, a traditional Chinese herb. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CIG on tau pathology and synaptic dysfunction using P301S mice.MethodIntragastric administration of CIG for 3.5 months was applied to P301S mice from 9‐month‐old to 12.5‐month‐old of age. Objective recognition test and Y maze task were used to test the cognitive impairments of P301S mice. Electrophysiological recording was applied to record long‐term potential. Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the the ultrastructure and number of synapse. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect tau phosphorylation. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of related proteins.ResultsIntragastric administration of CIG for 3.5 months improved learning and memory abilities, increased the survival rate of P301S mice. Electrophysiological recordings and transmission Electron microscopy study showed that CIG improved synaptic plasticity, increased the ultrastructure and number of synapse. Moreover, CIG increased the expression of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) subunits GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B, α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1. The major mechanism of CIG involved in the regulation of synaptic dysfunction was to inhibited the activation of Janus kinase‐2 (JAK2) /signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway and STAT1‐induced suppression of NMDAR expression.ConclusionBased on our findings, CIG might be a promising candidate for the prevention of tauopathy such as AD.
The Living Alone with Cognitive Impairment (LACI) project: Bridging research and policy to expand long‐term services and supports
Authors: Graham Carrie , Johnson Julene K , Torres Jacqueline M , Glymour M Maria , Keiser Sahru , Tran Thi , Portacolone Elena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are an estimated 4.3 million people living alone with cognitive impairment (PLACI) in the United States. The COVID‐19 pandemic and the isolation incurred by shelter‐in‐place has likely exacerbated cognitive impairment in older adults who live alone. Access to formal long‐term services and supports (LTSS) is critical to this population because they lack cohabitants to assist with activities of daily living and navigating LTSS. The Living Alone with Cognitive Impairment (LACI) Project seeks to bridge research and policy to develop actionable and timely policy recommendations to address the needs of PLACI through new expansions of LTSS.MethodSeventeen Policy Advisory Group (PAG) members were recruited, including representatives from state and local government, dementia and aging advocacy organizations, LTSS providers, and LTSS policy experts. A total of 17 individual meetings were conducted with PAG members and one webinar convening of the group.ResultThe PAG identified preliminary recommendations in three areas, including: 1) important areas of inquiry for qualitative and quantitative research to address the needs of PLACI, 2) best practices for addressing equity across diverse racial/ethnic minority groups, and 3) preliminary policy recommendations that leverage existing innovations at the state and federal level. The LACI Project team is actively incorporating the PAG feedback by: a) modifying research questions for the quantitative and qualitative research, b) convening a Community Advisory Group to ensure that the research is guided by diverse community members, and c) crafting preliminary policy recommendations based on PAG input.ConclusionEngaging the expertise of an advisory group to develop policy recommendations to increase LTSS for PLACI is a promising method of bridging research and policy. The engagement of policy experts ensures by ensuring that research is designed to address the most important policy gaps and all policy recommendations are actionable and timely.