bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolierter traumatischer Innenmeniskuswurzelabriss des jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Tenfelde Oliver , Balke Maurice , Fink Markus , Höher Jürgen 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungEs wird der Fall einer isolierten Wurzelverletzung des Innenmeniskushinterhorns bei einer 20-jährigen Patientin nach Sprung von einem 2,5 m hohen Turm geschildert. Die Therapie bestand in der arthroskopischen Refixation der Hinterhornwurzel mittels transtibialer Auszugsnaht. Postoperativ wurde eine Teilbelastung und Begrenzung der Beugung auf 90° für 6 Wochen verordnet. Nach 4 Monaten war die Patientin wieder sportlich voll belastbar mit nur marginalen funktionellen Defiziten im Rahmen einer Return-to-sport-Testung. Eine Kontroll-Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) zeigte eine gute Einheilung der Meniskushinterhornwurzel ohne Zeichen einer Extrusion. Isolierte traumatische Wurzelverletzungen der Menisken bei jungen Patient:innen sind selten, weisen allerdings eine gute und rasche Heilungstendenz auf, wenn diese frühzeitig erkannt und operativ adressiert werden.
A structural discrete size and topology optimization method with extended approximation concepts
Authors: Fu Jiayi , Huang Hai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis work focused on the discrete size and topology optimization problems for the structures that could be composed of bars, beams, plates, or a combination of them. A corresponding optimization method was put forward based on the approximate concepts that were extended from the one applied in the previous engineering method. In the proposed method, the primal problem was firstly transformed into a series of explicitly approximate problems involving both 0/1 topology and discrete size variables with the extended approximate concepts. 0/1 topology variables were determined with a genetic algorithm (GA), and the corresponding discrete size variables were optimized after determining 0/1 topology variables. In size optimization, the variables were firstly supposed as continuous and determined, as $${\overline{\mathbf{X}}}^{{\left( {\mathbf{p}} \right)}}$$

X
¯

p

, with a dual method through the second-level approximate problems. Then the available discrete size values adjacent to $${\overline{\mathbf{X}}}^{{\left( {\mathbf{p}} \right)}}$$

X
¯

p

were selected from the original discrete set, and the size variables could be further determined from these values with a GA. Structural analyses were only conducted before establishing the approximate problems in iteration cycles. Numerical examples were given to illustrate the performance of this method, and the results indicate that this method is quite efficient for the discrete size and topology optimization problem.
On the deformation dependency of the diffusion flux in solids at large deformations
Authors: Voges Jannik , Duvigneau Fabian , Juhre Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn material modeling, when dealing with diffusion at large deformations, there are usually two different variants for the diffusion flux: an isotropic law in the current placement and an isotropic law in the reference placement. The first one causes diffusion behavior, which is independent from the initial shape of the body, i.e., it causes a deformation-independent behavior. The second one relates the diffusion solely to the initial shape of the body, which results in a deformation-dependent behavior in the current state. In most of the works in the literature, one of these two possible formulations is chosen arbitrarily. While the modern description of diffusion at large deformations mostly evolved in the last two decades, to our best knowledge, there are no works which discuss or motivate the choice for one of these two versions really in detail. In the present article, we approach the motivation for the choice of the two different types of diffusion flux formulations. We illustrate their characteristics and discuss their application under different circumstances. It is important to note that the deformation dependency which arises from choosing the isotropic reference placement formulation is quite specific and strongly differs from the actual behavior of many materials. We investigate such a case with a more individual deformation dependency based on a very simple artificial microstructure. We determine the properties on the macroscale using representative volume elements within numerical homogenization.
Acromioclavicular joint suture button repair leads to coracoclavicular tunnel widening
Authors: Dalos D. , Huber G. , Wichern Y. , Sellenschloh K. , Püschel K. , Mader K. , Morlock M. M. , Frosch K. H. , Klatte T. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Biomechanical evaluation of three different suture button devices used in acromioclavicular joint repair and analysis of their effect on post-testing tunnel widening.

Methods
Eighteen human shoulder girdles were assigned into three groups with a similar mean bone mineral density. Three different single-tunnel acromioclavicular repair devices were tested: (1) AC TightRope® with FiberWire; (2) AC Dog Bone™ Button with FiberTape; (3) Low Profile AC Repair System. Biomechanical testing was performed simulating the complex movement of the distal clavicle as follows. A vertical load of 80 N was applied continuously. The rotation of the clavicle about its long axis was set at 10° anterior and 30° posterior for 2500 cycles at 0.25 Hz. The horizontal translation of the clavicle was set at 6 mm medial and 6 mm lateral for 10,000 cycles at 1 Hz. The coracoclavicular distance was measured before and after testing. After testing, each sample underwent micro-CT analysis. Following 3D reconstruction, the area of the bone tunnels was measured at five defined cross sections.

Results
In TightRope® and Dog Bone™ groups, all samples completed testing, whereas in the Low Profile group, three out of six samples showed system failure. The mean absolute difference of coracoclavicular distance after testing was significantly greater in the Low Profile group compared to TightRope® and Dog Bone™ groups (4.3 ± 1.3 mm vs 1.9 ± 0.7 mm vs 1.9 ± 0.8 mm; p = 0.001). Micro-CT analysis of the specimens demonstrated significant tunnel widening in the inferior clavicular and superior coracoid regions in all three groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Significant tunnel widening can be observed for all devices and is primarily found in the inferior parts of the clavicle and superior parts of the coracoid. The Low Profile AC Repair System showed inferior biomechanical properties compared to the AC TightRope® and AC Dog Bone™ devices. Therefore, clinicians should carefully select the type of acromioclavicular repair device used and need to consider tunnel widening as a complication.
The morphology of the femoral footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament changes with aging from a large semicircular shape to a small flat ribbon-like shape
Authors: Morales-Avalos Rodolfo , Perelli Simone , Vilchez-Cavazos Félix , Castillo-Escobedo Tadeo , Peña-Martínez Víctor M. , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo , Guzmán-López Santos , Padilla-Medina José Ramón , Monllau Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Compare the differences in the morphology of the ACL femoral footprint between the cadavers of the young and elderly in consideration of the degenerative physiological process that occurs with aging.

Methods
The femoral footprint of the ACL was dissected in 81 knees of known gender and age (45 male/36 female). They were divided into four groups by age and gender, establishing 50 years as the cut-off point to divide patients by age. Three observers analyzed the femoral footprint dissections, and the shapes were described and classified. The area and morphometric characteristics of the femoral insertion of the ACL were determined and these were compared between genders and age groups.

Results
The femoral footprint of the ACL from the cadavers of males younger than 50 years of age presented a semicircular morphology in 90% of the cases. In males aged more than 50 years, a ribbon-like morphology was found in 96% of the cases. In women less than 50 years old, the semicircular morphology was observed in 93.7% of the cases. In women aged over 50 years old, the ribbon-like morphology was found in 95% of the cases. A significant difference was observed between the prevalence rates of the morphologies, area size and measurements of the younger and older groups (p < 0.001 for both genders).

Conclusions
The femoral insertion of the ACL presents variations in its morphology, area and morphometric characteristics over time. It goes from a large semicircular shape that almost contacts the posterior articular cartilage to a smaller, flattened ribbon-like shape that moves away from the edge of the articular cartilage. It is bounded anteriorly by the lateral intercondylar ridge. These findings should be considered to avoid employing reconstruction techniques in which femoral tunnels with oval or rectangular shapes are used in patients under 50 years of age because they do not correspond to the morphology of the femoral insertion of the ACL in this age group.
Kontakt-Tracing-Apps
Authors: Lindemann Christoph , Mehlhose Frank Martin 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Bekämpfung der Coronapandemie wurden erstmals mobile Applikationen zur Kontakterfassung und -nachverfolgung, also dem systematischen Erfassen aller Personen mit zeitlicher und räumlicher Nähe zu einer infizierten Person, eingesetzt. In Deutschland haben hierzu vor allem die Corona-Warn-App und die Luca-App Verbreitung gefunden. Dieser Artikel diskutiert die beiden Apps vor allem im Hinblick auf Datenschutz, Sicherheit sowie deren Effektivität zur Bekämpfung der Pandemie. Im Gegensatz zu der Vielzahl an populärwissenschaftlichen Artikeln liegt der Fokus in diesem Artikel auf den technischen Aspekten der Kontakt-Tracing-Apps.
Development of a porcine acellular bladder matrix for tissue-engineered bladder reconstruction
Authors: Garriboli Massimo , Deguchi Koichi , Totonelli Giorgia , Georgiades Fanourios , Urbani Luca , Ghionzoli Marco , Burns Alan J. , Sebire Neil J. , Turmaine Mark , Eaton Simon , De Coppi Paolo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Enterocystoplasty is adopted for patients requiring bladder augmentation, but significant long-term complications highlight need for alternatives. We established a protocol for creating a natural-derived bladder extracellular matrix (BEM) for developing tissue-engineered bladder, and investigated its structural and functional characteristics.

Methods
Porcine bladders were de-cellularised with a dynamic detergent–enzymatic treatment using peristaltic infusion. Samples and fresh controls were evaluated using histological staining, ultrastructure (electron microscopy), collagen, glycosaminoglycans and DNA quantification and biomechanical testing. Compliance and angiogenic properties (Chicken chorioallantoic membrane [CAM] assay) were evaluated. T test compared stiffness and glycosaminoglycans, collagen and DNA quantity. p value of < 0.05 was regarded as significant.

Results
Histological evaluation demonstrated absence of cells with preservation of tissue matrix architecture (collagen and elastin). DNA was 0.01 μg/mg, significantly reduced compared to fresh tissue 0.13 μg/mg (p < 0.01). BEM had increased tensile strength (0.259 ± 0.022 vs 0.116 ± 0.006, respectively, p < 0.0001) and stiffness (0.00075 ± 0.00016 vs 0.00726 ± 0.00216, p = 0.011). CAM assay showed significantly increased number of convergent allantoic vessels after 6 days compared to day 1 (p < 0.01). Urodynamic studies showed that BEM maintains or increases capacity and compliance.

Conclusion
Dynamic detergent–enzymatic treatment produces a BEM which retains structural characteristics, increases strength and stiffness and is more compliant than native tissue. Furthermore, BEM shows angiogenic potential. These data suggest the use of BEM for development of tissue-engineered bladder for patients requiring bladder augmentation.
Daytime sleepiness and emotional and behavioral disturbances in Prader-Willi syndrome
Authors: Choong Catherine S. , Nixon Gillian M. , Blackmore A. Marie , Chen Wai , Jacoby Peter , Leonard Helen , Lafferty Antony R. , Ambler Geoff , Kapur Nitin , Bergman Philip B. , Schofield Cara , Seton Chris , Tai Andrew , Tham Elaine , Vora Komal , Crock Patricia , Verge Charles , Musthaffa Yassmin , Blecher Greg , Wilson Andrew , Downs Jenny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndividuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) often have excessive daytime sleepiness and emotional/behavioral disturbances. The objective of this study was to examine whether daytime sleepiness was associated with these emotional/behavioral problems, independent of nighttime sleep-disordered breathing, or the duration of sleep. Caregivers of individuals with PWS (aged 3 to 25 years) completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD), and the parent version of the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC-P). Sleep adequacy was adjusted for age by computing sleep duration against age-specific recommendations. The associations between ESS-CHAD and the total DBC and its subscale scores were evaluated by linear regression, adjusted for sleep-related breathing difficulties, sleep adequacy, and body mass index (BMI). There were 54 responses for individuals with PWS (including 22 males) aged 4.4–24.0 (mean 12.5) years. Daytime sleepiness predicted a substantial proportion of the variance in total DBC-P scores in the unadjusted model (28%; β = 0.028; p < 0.001) and when adjusted for sleep adequacy, BMI, and sleep-related breathing difficulties (29%; β = 0.023; p = 0.007). This relationship was not moderated by BMI Z-scores, but the relationship was more prominent for children younger than 12 years than for children older than 12 years.Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary novel evidence that daytime sleepiness may drive the expression of emotional/behavioral disturbances, and should be explored as a potential modifiable risk factor for these disturbances in PWS, particularly pre-adolescent children.

What is Known:• Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) commonly experience excessive daytime sleepiness and exhibit emotional/behavioral disturbances.• In the typically developing population, sleepiness is associated with emotional/behavioral disturbances, independently of sleep-disordered breathing..

What is New:• This study found evidence for a direct link between daytime sleepiness and emotional/behavioral disturbances, independent of sleep-related breathing difficulties, sleep adequacy, and body mass index.• Excessive daytime sleepiness may be a modifiable risk factor for emotional/behavioral disturbances in PWS.
Palliative non-small cell lung cancer treatment and end-of-life care stratified by sex and childlessness: an important interplay in unmarried patients?
Authors: Nieder Carsten , Aanes Siv Gyda , Haukland Ellinor C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the interplay of sex and presence of children in unmarried patients with non-small cell lung cancer, because previous studies suggested sex-related disparities. Adult children may participate in treatment decisions and provision of social support or home care.

Methods
Retrospective single-institution analysis of 186 unmarried deceased patients, managed according to national guidelines outside of clinical trials. Due to the absence of other oncology care providers in the region and the availability of electronic health records, all aspects of longitudinal care were captured.

Results
Eighty-eight female and 98 male patients were included, the majority of whom had children. Comparable proportions in all four strata did not receive active therapy. Involvement of the palliative care team was similar, too. Patients without children were more likely to receive systemic therapy (39% utilization in women with children, 67% in women without children, 41% in men with children, 52% in men without children; p = 0.05). During the last 3 months of life, female patients spent significantly more days in hospital than their male counterparts. Place of death was not significantly different. Home death was equally uncommon in each group. In the multivariate analysis, survival was associated with age and cancer stage, in contrast to sex and presence of children.

Conclusion
In contrast to studies from other healthcare systems, unmarried male patients were managed in a largely similar fashion to their female counterparts and with similar survival outcome. Unexpectedly, patients without children more often received systemic anti-cancer treatment.
Geographical accessibility to bank branches and its relationship to new firm formation in Sweden via multiscale geographically weighted regression
Authors: Ho Cynthia Sin Tian , Wilhelmsson Mats 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe geographical accessibility to banks and its relationship with new firm formation can vary across space due to spatial contexts. With increasing bank branch closures in Sweden, it is even more critical to understand where interventions are needed and at which scale, to implement effective policy. Thus, spatial context is incorporated into the analysis with the use of the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. A two-stage least squares (2SLS) model is employed in which two instrumental variables are utilised to instrument the proximity to the nearest bank branch in 2013. The MGWR results show that the geographical distance to the nearest bank branch has a negative association with new firm formation across all Swedish municipalities. The results also show that the relationship between the geographical distance to bank branches and new formation is not spatially varying across space. A policy implication from the analysis shows it is ideal to focus on the geographical accessibility to bank branches as it would continue to play an important role in the financing of new firms, regardless of the location.
Prosthetic joint infection diagnosis applying the three-level European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) approach
Authors: Papalini Chiara , Pucci Giacomo , Cenci Giulia , Mencacci Antonella , Francisci Daniela , Caraffa Auro , Antinolfi Pierluigi , Pasticci Maria Bruna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSensitive and specific tests for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) are lacking. The aim of this study was to report clinical and microbiological findings of consecutive patients diagnosed with PJI at the University Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy, and to validate these diagnoses utilizing the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS) three-level diagnostic approach from 2021. Patients with a PJI diagnosis were included in this study and examined retrospectively. Overall, 133 patients were diagnosed with PJI: mean age 72 years, 54.9% female, and 55.6% with more than one comorbidity. The most frequent involved joints were hip 47% and knee 42%. Aetiology was identified in 88/133 (66.2%): staphylococci resulted the most frequent microorganisms and over 80% (45/54) resulted rifampin susceptible. Applying the EBJIS approach, PJI diagnosis resulted: confirmed in 101 (75.9%), likely in 25 (18.8%), and unlikely in 7 (5.3%). Likely PJIs aetiology was Staphylococcus aureus 11/25, coagulase-negative staphylococci 8/25, Streptococcus agalactiae 3/25, viridans group streptococci 2/25, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1/25. No statistically significant differences were detected among the three diagnosis groups with regard to clinical characteristics with the exception of a higher number of confirmed PJIs occurring < 3 months after implantation. The logistic regression analysis did not disclose any independent predictor of confirmed PJIs. We recommend using all the diagnostic tests available to approach PJI diagnosis, and suggest caution before rejecting PJI diagnosis in the presence of highly virulent microorganisms from a single sample, in patients without sinus tract, and in those receiving antimicrobial at the time microbiologic samples are collected. Study approved by Umbrian Regional Ethical Committee, Perugia, Italy, Prot. N. 23,124/21/ON of 10.27.2021.
Access to Social Protection by People Living with, at Risk of, or Affected by HIV in Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia: Results from Population-Based HIV Impact Assessments
Authors: Chipanta David , Pettifor Audrey , Edwards Jessie , Giovenco Danielle , Topazian Hillary Mariko , Bray Rachel M. , Millington Monique C. , Estill Janne , Keiser Olivia , Justman Jessica E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe aimed to measure social protection coverage among the general population, women and men living with HIV (WLHIV, MLHV), female and male sex workers (FSW, MSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), adolescent girls young women (AGYW), and orphans vulnerable children (OVC) in Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia. We used Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment data. We operationalised social protection benefits as external economic support from private and public sources to the household in the last three or 12 months. We estimated survey-weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each population receiving social protection benefits. The sample size ranged from 10,233 adults ages 15–59 years in Eswatini to 29,638 in Tanzania. In the surveyed countries, social protection coverage among the general population was lower than the global average of 45%, ranging from 7.7% (95% CI 6.7%–8.8%) in Zambia to 39.6% (95% CI 36.8%–42.5%) in Eswatini. In Malawi and Zambia, social protection coverage among OVC, AGYW, SW, MSM, and people living with HIV (PLHIV) was similar to the general population. In Eswatini, more AGWY reported receiving social projection benefits than older women and more men not living with HIV reported receiving social protection benefits than MLHIV. In Tanzania, more WLHIV than women not living with HIV, MLHIV than men not living with HIV, and FSW than women who were not sex workers reported receiving social protection benefits. More data on access to social protection benefits by PLHIV or affected by HIV are needed to estimate better their social protection coverage.
Barriers to Oral HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Adherence Among Pregnant and Post-partum Women from Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Beesham Ivana , Dovel Kathryn , Mashele Nyiko , Bekker Linda-Gail , Gorbach Pamina , Coates Thomas J. , Myer Landon , Joseph Davey Dvora Leah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCisgender women, particularly pregnant and postpartum women in Eastern and Southern Africa, face an unacceptably high risk of HIV acquisition. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention intervention that can reduce HIV acquisition and vertical transmission. In this qualitative study, we interviewed 21 postpartum women from Cape Town, South Africa who initiated PrEP during pregnancy and who self-reported low PrEP adherence or missed > 1 PrEP follow-up collection. We identified multiple overlapping barriers to PrEP continuation and/or adherence. Individual factors included forgetting to take PrEP daily, being away from home when PrEP should be taken, anticipated stigma and limited disclosure of PrEP use. Women also reported pill-related factors such as side effects and having to take PrEP in addition to other tablets during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Facility-related barriers included logistics around PrEP collection especially when not in antenatal care, as well as transport and financial barriers.